gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the urine proteome in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2008)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 213 000 deaths worldwide each year, largely due to late diagnosis. One of the risk factors for the development of PDAC is chronic pancreatitis (CP); the intense desmoplastic reaction makes differentiation between the two conditions extremely difficult. In order to identify biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis, we performed 2-D DIGE analysis of urine samples from healthy individuals and patients with PDAC and CP. Despite considerable intersample heterogeneity, a total of 127 statistically valid (p<0.05), differentially expressed protein spots were detected, 101 of which were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. A number of these, including annexin A2, gelsolin and CD59 have already been associated with PDAC, however, their validation using immunoblotting proved challenging. This is probably due to extensive PTMs and processing thus indicating the need for raising specific antibodies for urinary proteins. Despite this, our study clearly demonstrates that urine is a valid source of noninvasive biomarkers in patients with pancreatic diseases.
Disease grading of heterogeneous tissue using convolutional autoencoder (2017)

One of the main challenges of histological image analysis is the high dimensionality of the images. This can be addressed via summarizing techniques or feature engineering. However, such approaches can limit the performance of subsequent machine learning models, particularly when dealing with highly heterogeneous tissue samples. One possible alternative is to employ unsupervised learning to determine the most relevant features automatically. In this paper, we propose a method of generating representative image signatures that are robust to tissue heterogeneity. At the core of our approach lies a novel deep-learning based mechanism to simultaneously produce representative image features as well as perform dictionary learning to further reduce dimensionality. By integrating this mechanism in a broader framework for disease grading, we show significant improvement in terms of grading accuracy compared to alternative local feature extraction methods.
Das Kontaktglastonometer (1996)

We found a correlation (R = 0.58). The error of the measurements was about +/- 3 mm Hg. Considering both, the deviation of the Perkins-Tonometer with which our results were compared, and the fact of a good correlation (R = 0.999) in the study with the enucleated human eyes, we found that the contact-lens-tonometer measures the intraocular pressure exactly. In future studies, we want to analyze the dynamic component of the measurements.
Carbohydrate Estimation by a Mobile Phone-Based System Versus Self-Estimations of Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study (2016)

This study indicates that the system is able to estimate, on average, the carbohydrate content of meals with higher accuracy than individuals with type 1 diabetes can. The participants thought the app was useful and easy to use. GoCARB seems to be a well-accepted supportive mHealth tool for the assessment of served-on-a-plate meals.
Asymmetric Dual Bend Skew Compensation Technique for Reducing Differential to Common Mode Conversion (2021)

Asymmetric dual bend skew compensation scheme is proposed in this paper, to reduce differential mode to common mode conversion in a system, thereby improving EMI performance of the system, at no additional cost and without reducing the SI performance. Three types of asymmetric dual bends are presented, and their EMI and SI performance is simulated in comparison with current skew compensation technique and an ideal layout. The results show that these Asymmetric dual bends can provide ~ 10dB improvement in Scd21 for frequencies till 20GHz for stripline routing and ~ 5dB for frequencies till 15GHz for microstrip routing.
A Human Estrogen Receptor (ER)α Mutation with Differential Responsiveness to Nonsteroidal Ligands: Novel Approaches for Studying Mechanism of ER Action (2008)

Estrogens, acting through the estrogen receptors (ERs), play crucial roles in regulating the function of reproductive and other systems under physiological and pathological conditions. ER activity in regulating target genes is modulated by the binding of both steroidal and synthetic nonsteroidal ligands, with ligand binding inducing ERs to adopt various conformations that control their interactions with transcriptional coregulators. Previously, we developed an intramolecular folding sensor with a mutant form of ERalpha (ER(G521T)) that proved to be essentially unresponsive to the endogenous ligand 17beta-estradiol, yet responded very well to certain synthetic ligands. In this study, we have characterized this G521T-ER mutation in terms of the potency and efficacy of receptor response toward several steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands in two different ways: directly, by ligand effects on mutant ER conformation (by the split-luciferase complementation system), and indirectly, by ligand effects on mutant ER transactivation. Full-length G521T-ER shows no affinity for estradiol and does not activate an estrogen-responsive reporter gene. The synthetic pyrazole agonist ligand propyl-pyrazole-triol is approximately 100-fold more potent than estradiol in inducing intramolecular folding and reporter gene transactivation with the mutant ER, whereas both ligands have high potency on wild-type ER. This estradiol-unresponsive mutant ER can also specifically highlight the agonistic property of the selective ER modulator, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, by reporter gene transactivation, even in the presence of estradiol, and it can exert a dominant-negative effect on estrogen-stimulated wild-type ER. This system provides a model for ER-mutants that show differential ligand responsiveness to gene activation to gain insight into the phenomenon of hormone resistance observed in endocrine therapies of ER-positive breast cancers.
Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits Experimental Allograft Rejection (1995)

Our findings suggest that local PDT treatment of arterial allografts inhibits inflammatory infiltration, aneurysmal dilatation, and development of intimal hyperplasia and may be used to develop vascular bioprostheses for use in humans.
Identifying key features for intrusion detection using neural networks (2002)

Intrusion detection is a critical component of secure information systems. This paper addresses the issue of identifying important input features in building an intrusion detection system (IDS). Since elimination of the insignificant and/or useless inputs leads to a simplification of the problem, faster and more accurate detection may result. Feature ranking and selection, therefore, is an important issue in intrusion detection.The important aspect of our technique is to identify key intrusion detection features that aid in achieving faster detection (real time detection) and higher accuracy rate (low false alarm rate).In this paper we rank the importance of input features using Neural networks by analyzing the detection accuracy, false positive rate and false negative rate. Results from the DARPA intrusion detection evaluation are provided. We also discuss our methodology for identifying important input features and provide the results obtained for five classes (normal, probe, denial of service, user to super-user and remote to local) for the DARPA dataset.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Thiourea Compounds with Amino Acid Side Chain as Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SB 209670, a rationally designed potent nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist. (1994)

An extremely potent and highly specific non-peptide, subnanomolar endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist, SB 209670, has been synthesized and characterized. SB 209670, which was rationally designed using conformational models of ET-1, selectively inhibits binding of 125I-labeled ET-1 to cloned human ET receptor subtypes ETA and ETB (Ki = 0.2 and 18 nM, respectively). SB 209670 produces concentration-dependent inhibition of ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in isolated vascular tissues and in vivo following either intravenous or intraduodenal administration. SB 209670 produces a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive rats, protects from ischemia-induced neuronal degeneration in a gerbil stroke model, and attenuates neointima formation following rat carotid artery balloon angioplasty. SB 209670 will be useful in characterizing and classifying the physiological and pathophysiological effects of ET.
A framework for the optimization of intensity modulated radiotherapy (1999)

In recent years, the development of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has provided many new opportunities in the delivery of conformal radiotherapy. These new opportunities, however, are accompanied by a number of difficult challenges. One key challenge is that of developing a suitable approach to optimizing each patient's treatment plan. 
A test environment using pencil beam data sets has been developed that provides an efficient means of investigating some of the unresolved issues in IMRT. For example, a study was performed that examined the extent to which a treatment plan can be improved through either an increase in the number of beam angles and/or a decrease in the collimator size. The pencil beam data sets have also been used to investigate a number of mathematical programming approaches to optimizing treatment plans for IMRT. Linear, nonlinear, and mixed integer programming approaches have been examined, and two implementations of dose volume constraints have been tested. Three iterative approaches to optimizing treatment plans have also been explored; the Ratio Method, Iterative Least Squares minimization, and the Maximum Likelihood Estimator. A series of clinical tomotherapy treatment plans have been developed using both the mathematical programming techniques and the iterative approaches to dose optimization. These results have been used to analyze the performance of each technique in the optimization of very large treatment plans. 
The results demonstrate that nonlinear programming approaches provide the flexibility to develop an acceptable treatment plan for almost any disease site. With nonlinear programming techniques, it is possible to include dose volume constraints in an optimization model. With the addition of penalty functions, the iterative approaches to dose optimization offer a flexible and robust approach to determining each patient's treatment plan. A primary strength of the iterative optimization techniques is their ability to perform efficiently in conjunction with a convolution/superposition based dose computation. These techniques can optimize large-scale treatment plans while minimizing both memory demands and time requirements.
Prediction of Total Dietary Fiber by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in High-Fat- and High-Sugar-Containing Cereal Products (1998)

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral properties of cereal products containing high fat or high sugar can differ substantially from the spectral properties of other cereal products. An existing NIR model, using preprocessed reflectance spectra and partial least-squares analysis, for the prediction of total dietary fiber in cereal products was expanded to two new models called (1) the “fat-expanded” model and (2) the “fat- and sugar-expanded” model. The fat-expanded model enlarges the existing model with high-fat-content products as calibration samples, and the “fat- and sugar- expanded” model also includes products with high sugar and high crystalline sugar content. The dry milled cereal and grain products were analyzed in the laboratory according to AOAC method 991.43 for the determination of total dietary fiber, and NIR reflectance spectra were collected with a scanning monochromator. Data analysis and selection of representative high-fat and high-sugar samples were performed with a commercial analysis program. The two expanded models had standard errors of cross-validation and R2 similar to those of the existing model, with acceptable standard error of performance and r2 when tested with independent validation samples. The existing model was, thus, expanded to include high-fat, high-sugar, and high crystalline sugar cereal products while maintaining prediction accuracy. Keywords: Dietary fiber; near-infrared; chemometrics; cereal
Design of more potent and selective antagonists of the antidiuretic responses to arginine-vasopressin devoid of antidiuretic agonism (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of more potent and selective antagonists of the antidiuretic responses to arginine-vasopressin devoid of antidiuretic agonismMaurice Manning, Wieslaw A. Klis, Aleksandra Olma, Janny Seto, and Wilbur H. SawyerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 4, 414–419Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00346a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00346a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
gScale: scaling up GPU virtualization with dynamic sharing of graphics memory space (2016)

With increasing GPU-intensive workloads deployed on cloud, the cloud service providers are seeking for practical and efficient GPU virtualization solutions. However, the cutting-edge GPU virtualization techniques such as gVirt still suffer from the restriction of scalability, which constrains the number of guest virtual GPU instances.

This paper introduces gScale, a scalable GPU virtualization solution. By taking advantage of the GPU programming model, gScale presents a dynamic sharing mechanism which combines partition and sharing together to break the hardware limitation of global graphics memory space. Particularly, we propose three approaches for gScale: (1) the private shadow graphics translation table, which enables global graphics memory space sharing among virtual GPU instances, (2) ladder mapping and fence memory space pool, which allows the CPU to access host physical memory space (serving the graphics memory) bypassing global graphics memory space, (3) slot sharing, which improves the performance of vGPU under a high density of instances.

The evaluation shows that gScale scales up to 15 guest virtual GPU instances in Linux or 12 guest virtual GPU instances in Windows, which is 5x and 4x scalability, respectively, compared to gVirt. At the same time, gScale incurs a slight runtime overhead on the performance of gVirt when hosting multiple virtual GPU instances.
Robust optical control of an optical-amplifier-based flip-flop (2000)

We demonstrate new optical techniques for externally controlling the latchable output power of a semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based flip-flop. Optical 'set' and 'reset' signals increase and decrease the re-fractive index, respectively, via cross-phase modulation (XPM). Set signals, which deplete the carrier density, have wavelengths between 1533 and 1568 nm, and powers as low as 22 microW. Reset is performed with carrier-generating 'positive' optical pulses at 1306 and 1466 nm, and minimum powers below 1 mW. These techniques are useful for digital optical-processing functions such as bit-length conversion, retiming, and demultiplexing.
Performance of the wavelet domain diversity method for image transmission over Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

A wavelet domain diversity combining method to combat errors during wireless image transmission has been presented recently. For images represented in the wavelet domain, diversity is used to obtain multiple data streams corresponding to the transmitted image at the receiver. These individual image data streams are combined to form a composite image with higher perceptual quality. The SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) algorithm is used for image compression, and diversity combining methods for the compressed images exploit the characteristics of the wavelet transform. For these images, unequal error protection is employed in conjunction with diversity combining. Performance of this scheme over Rayleigh fading channels is evaluated in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the quality of the received image can be significantly improved.
Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using amplitude versus offset and azimuth analysis (2013)

ABSTRACT P‐wave seismic reflection data, with variable offset and azimuth, acquired over a fractured reservoir can theoretically be inverted for the effective compliance of the fractures. The total effective compliance of a fractured rock, which is described using second‐ and fourth‐rank fracture tensors, can be represented as background compliance plus additional compliance due to fractures. Assuming monoclinic or orthotropic symmetry (which take into account layering and multiple fracture sets), the components of the effective second‐ and fourth‐rank fracture compliance tensors can be used as attributes related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Synthetic tests indicate that using a priori knowledge of the properties of the unfractured medium, the inversion can be effective on noisy data, with S/N on the order of 2. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test the effect of uncertainties in the a priori information about elastic properties of unfractured rock. Two cases were considered with Wide Azimuth (WAZ) and Narrow Azimuth (NAZ) reflection data and assuming that the fractures have rotationally invariant shear compliance. The relative errors in determination of the components of the fourth‐rank tensor are substantially larger compared to the second‐rank tensor, under the same assumptions. Elastic properties of background media, consisting in horizontal layers without fractures, do not cause azimuthal changes in the reflection coefficient variation with offset. Thus, due to the different nature of these properties compared to fracture tensor components (which cause azimuthal anomalies), simultaneous inversion for background isotropic properties and fracture tensor components requires additional constraints. Singular value decomposition (SVD) and resolution matrix analysis can be used to predict fracture inversion efficacy before acquiring data. Therefore, they can be used to determine the optimal seismic survey design for inversion of fracture parameters. However, results of synthetic inversion in some cases are not consistent with resolution matrix results and resolution matrix results are reliable only after one can see a consistent and robust behaviour in inversion of synthetics with different noise levels.
Synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogs with selective central nervous system effects (1981)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues which show relative selectivity for action in the central nervous system have been recognized. Practical syntheses for three of these TRH analogues which show the greatest selectivity, less than Aad-His-Tzl-NH2 (5), less than Glu-His-Pip-OMe (2), and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 (6), are described. The first two were prepared by solution methods of peptide synthesis. Compound 6 was prepared by the solid-phase method. Problems of histidine racemization, facile diketopiperazine formation, and instability of acylated thiazolidine carboxylic acid derivatives under acidic conditions have been minimized in order to attain optimal yields. Physical properties such as pK, NMR shifts, and circular dichroism have been examined as they might relate to biological activity and peptide conformation.
Sensor based creation of indoor virtual environment models (2002)

A system that can rapidly, reliably, remotely and accurately create a photo-realistic 3D model of indoor environments is needed for many applications. In this paper, we present a mobile mapping system that is designed to generate such models automatically from various sensors. Surfaces and features can be accurately mapped from images acquired by a unique configuration of different types of optical imaging sensor and dead-reckoning positioning device. This configuration guarantees that all the information required to create the 3D model of the environment is included in the collected data. The same general design concept can be used for environments ranging from simple office hallways to long, winding underground mine tunnels. This paper describes the hardware systems and processing procedures. We also present test results and describe our virtual environment facility to display such models.
Efficient purification and morphology characterization of paclitaxel from cell cultures of <i>Taxus chinensis</i> (2004)

Abstract Paclitaxel was purified from cell cultures of Taxus chinensis by a combination of extraction, low‐pressure chromatography, precipitation and HPLC. A crude extract (purity 6.9%) was obtained by methanol extraction of plant cell cultures, followed by liquid–liquid extraction using dichloromethane. The extract was purified to greater than 32% with a 97% step yield by low‐pressure chromatography. After acetone/pentane precipitation, the resulting purity and step yield were 75.8% and 97.4%, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography steps, which were composed of an HPLC step with column‐packed ODS and an HPLC step with column‐packed silica, were applied to give over 99.5% purity with high yield. Amorphous paclitaxel with a fine particle size, which has a solubility advantage compared with the stable crystalline form, was obtained by dissolving in dichloromethane, followed by spray‐drying. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetic Ink for Magnetic Ink Jet Printing (1982)

This work will describe a series of magnetic colloidal systems that were specifically developed for an application in ink jet printing technology. This application imposes a certain set of requirements such as: particle size 100 ± 50Å, magnetic moment of 25 emu/g or 35%w Fe3O4 in colloidal dispersion, viscosity of 8-10 cps, non-toxic aqueous system, shelf life of a few years, freeze-thaw stability, fast drying (2 msec) and high optical density of magnetic ink on various papers. Experimental details of Fe3O4 precipitation choice of surfactants and additives used to give above properties of colloidal printing inks will be given in detail.