gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indium Antimonide (InSb) Focal Plane Array (FPA) Detection for Near-Infrared Imaging Microscopy (1994)

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive, noninvasive method for chemical analyses, and its integration with imaging technologies represents a potent tool for the study of a wide range of materials. In this communication the use of an indium antimonide (InSb) multichannel imaging detector for near-infrared absorption spectroscopic microscopy is described. In particular, a 128 × 128 pixel InSb staring array camera has been combined with a refractive optical microscope and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) to display chemically discriminative, spatially resolved, vibrational spectroscopic images of biological and polymeric systems. AOTFs are computer-controlled bandpass filters that provide high speed, random wavelength access, wide spectral coverage, and high spectral resolution. Although AOTFs inherently have a wide range of spectroscopic applications, we apply this technology to NIR absorption microscopy between 1 and 2.5 μm. The spectral interval is well matched to the optical characteristics of both the NIR refractive microscope and the AOTF, thereby providing near-diffraction-limited performance with a practical spatial resolution of 1 to 2 μm. Design principles of this novel instrumentation and representative applications of the technique are presented for various model systems.
Recent Advances in Nuclear Based Hydrogen Production With the Thermochemical Copper-Chlorine Cycle (2009)

This paper presents a review of recent advances in nuclear-based hydrogen production with a thermochemical copper-chlorine cycle. Growing attention has focused on thermochemical water decomposition as a promising alternative to steam-methane reforming for a sustainable future method of large-scale hydrogen production. Recent advances in specific processes within the Cu–Cl cycle will be presented, particularly for overall heat requirements of the cycle, preferred configurations of the oxygen cell, disposal of molten salt, electrochemical process of copper electrowinning, and safety/reliability assessment of the systems. An energy balance for each individual process is formulated and results are presented for heat requirements of the processes.
Impedance measurement techniques for one-port and two-port networks (2015)

A microphone array impedance matrix measurement technique is presented for linear and passive acoustic two-port networks. Two impedance tubes fitted with three non-uniformly spaced microphones are required in the measurement. The non-uniform spacing is intended to avoid ill-posedness problems in calculating two plane-wave components traveling in opposite directions. Based on the one-port measurement, acoustic two-port networks modeled with the source and the load connected are examined. Three experimental procedures, the two-load measurement method (TLMM), the reciprocal-constrained method (RCM), and the reciprocity-symmetry-constrained method (RSCM), are developed to measure the acoustic impedance matrix. Experiments are conducted for several acoustic two-port systems to verify the proposed techniques. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the three experimental procedures when applied to symmetrical and reciprocal systems. For asymmetrical systems, the TLMM and RCM are preferred over the RSCM for measuring the impedance matrix. On top of that, the non-uniform array in conjunction with TLMM is extended to a general electroacoustic two-port system, which can be regarded as a unique contribution of the present work.
DUST (2010)

Large-scale sensor deployments and an increased use of privacy-preserving transformations have led to an increasing interest in mining uncertain time series data. Traditional distance measures such as Euclidean distance or dynamic time warping are not always effective for analyzing uncertain time series data. Recently, some measures have been proposed to account for uncertainty in time series data. However, we show in this paper that their applicability is limited. In specific, these approaches do not provide an intuitive way to compare two uncertain time series and do not easily accommodate multiple error functions.
Flexible depth map spatial resolution in depth-enhanced multiview video coding (2014)

Multiview video plus depth (MVD) has proved to be a promising format enabling various 3D applications. One approach to achieve better MVD compression is to adjust the spatial resolution of depth map based on the content and the application. In this research two schemes are considered: first, multiview video coding accompanied by depth maps to improve the texture coding performance. Second, multiview video plus depth (MVD) coding targeting highest quality for synthesized views. Two algorithms to select the best spatial resolution for each scheme are proposed and the results show 10.8% and 16.5% bitrate reduction compared to the anchor case where depth map resolution is fixed.
Time‐resolved three‐dimensional phase‐contrast MRI (2003)

Advantages of the four-dimensional approach include the complete spatial and temporal coverage of the cardiovascular region of interest and the ability to obtain high spatial resolution in all three dimensions with higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to two-dimensional methods at the same resolution. In addition, the four-dimensional nature of the data offers a variety of image processing options, such as magnitude and velocity multi-planar reformation, three-directional vector field plots, and velocity profiles mapped onto selected planes of interest.
Patient-specific minimum-dose imaging protocols for statistical image reconstruction in C-arm cone-beam CT using correlated noise injection (2014)

Generating low-dose preview images for a broad range of protocols gives a useful method to select minimum-dose techniques that accounts for complex factors of imaging task, patient-specific anatomy, and observer preference. The ability to accurately simulate the influence of low-dose acquisition in statistical reconstruction provides an especially valuable means of identifying low-dose limits in a manner that does not rely on a model for the nonlinear reconstruction process or a model of observer performance.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐DIHYDROPYRIDO(3,4‐B)PYRAZINES: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (1983)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (I), (II) und (IV) werden dargestellt und auf cytotoxische und Antitumor‐ Wirkung untersucht.
Bistable chiral tilted-homeotropic nematic liquid crystal cells (2004)

A bistable chiral tilted-homeotropic nematic cell which uses dual-frequency liquid crystal is demonstrated. This cell can be switched between the tilted homeotropic state and the twisted state. The switching mechanisms are achieved by the backflow effect together with the anisotropic properties of the dual-frequency liquid crystal material. The experimental results of this bistable cell are described explicitly.
Biological Activities of Synthetic Analogs of Halocidin, an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Tunicate <i>Halocynthia aurantium</i> (2003)

Halocidin is a heterodimer antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from the tunicate Halocynthia aurantium. Based on the larger monomer (18Hc) of halocidin, nine halocidin congeners, including a series of 6 peptides truncated successively from the carboxyl-terminal end of 18Hc and 3 analogs (18HcKK, K19Hc, and K19HcKK), which have lysine residues in place of two internal histidines or have a lysine added to the amino terminus of the 18Hc molecule, were prepared. Each peptide was also converted into a homodimeric version. The antimicrobial activities of halocidin congeners truncated from the C terminus were dramatically decreased, suggesting that the full length of 18Hc is required for maintaining its maximum antimicrobial activity. Dimer forms of halocidin congeners exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities than the monomer of the corresponding peptide. Four dimer peptides (di-18Hc, di-18HcKK, di-K19Hc, and di-K19HcKK) were analyzed for antimicrobial activities against 10 clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in elevated concentrations of NaCl or MgCl(2). Of the peptides studied here, di-K19Hc retained invariably strong activity against all bacteria in diverse conditions and also showed much reduced hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.
Efficient All-Optical Wavelength Converter Placement and Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks (2016)

We propose an all-optical converter placement/wavelength assignment scheme to improve network utilization under practical constraints such as input wavelengths and cascadability. We show doubling of utilization compared to no conversion and 70% reduction in converters over OEO.
A built-in zero valent iron anaerobic reactor to enhance treatment of azo dye wastewater (2011)

Waste scrap iron was packed into an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to form a zero valent iron (ZVI) - UASB reactor system for treatment of azo dye wastewater. The ZVI acted as a reductant to decrease ORP in the reactor by more than 40 mv and functioned as an acid buffer to increase the pH in the reactor from 5.44 to 6.29, both of which improved the performance of the anaerobic reactor. As a result, the removal of color and COD in this reactor was 91.7% and 53%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of a reference UASB reactor without ZVI. The UV-visible spectrum demonstrated that absorption bands of the azo dye from the ZVI-UASB reactor were substantially reduced. The ZVI promoted methanogenesis, which was confirmed by an increase in CH(4) content in the biogas from 47.9% to 64.8%. The ZVI bed was protected well from rusting, which allowed it to function stably. The effluent could be further purified only by pH adjustment because the Fe(2+) released from ZVI served as a flocculent.
Mid-infrared external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (2002)

Single-frequency operation of a 10.4-mum room-temperature multimode quantum-cascade laser was achieved by use of a 17-mm short Littrow-type external-cavity configuration. The spectral intensity of the external-cavity laser was increased as much as 20-fold compared with that of a multimode quantum-cascade laser without an external cavity. A single-frequency tuning range of 76 nm (7 cm(-1)) was achieved. The results were obtained without antireflection coating of the laser output facet.
Selective emitters using photonic crystals for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion (2003)

Photonic crystals use a periodic modulation of the refractive index to alter the photonic density of states. The photonic density of states is an important parameter in many phenomena involving radiation-matter interactions - including thermal emission of radiation. Hence, a photonic crystal can be used to engineer the emissivity of an emitter for thermophotovoltaic generators to match the spectral response of the TPV cell. The use of photonic crystals in TPV is described. A three-dimensional photonic crystal in tungsten is realized that exhibits an exceptionally large photonic bandgap and attenuation factor. The photonic crystal is shown to have promise for radiant energy conversion applications like TPV energy conversion.
The hepatoprotective activity of kinsenoside from <i>Anoectochilus formosanus</i> (2006)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) causes chronic hepatitis, featuring an increase in hepatic hydroxyproline, spleen weight and serum GPT levels and a decrease in plasma albumin levels. Crude extracts of fresh whole plants of Anoectochilus formosanus showed inhibition of chronic hepatitis induced by CCl(4) in mice. Bioactivity-guided fractionation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that kinsenoside was the most active compound. In an in vitro study, the LD(50) values for H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in BALB/c normal liver cells were significantly higher after kinsenoside pretreatment than after vehicle alone, further confirming that kinsenoside shows significant antihepatotoxic activity.
Stimulated Raman scattering at kHz pulse repetition rates (1975)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) has been achieved at kHz pulse repetition rates. The Raman oscillator consists of a lithium iodate crystal placed inside a Nd:YAlO3 laser, with feedback provided at the Stokes wavelengths by mirrors surrounding the crystal. First and second Stokes outputs at 1.18 and 1.31 μm, respectively, were generated from oblique longitudinal-optic (LO) phonons in the lithium iodate. These results open the possibility of realizing substantial average output powers from Raman oscillators for the first time.
Microstructural origin of the perpendicular anisotropy in M-type barium hexaferrite thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering (1993)

Barium hexaferrite thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering have exhibited saturation magnetization 90% of that of bulk single crystals, whereas the perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy is only 60% of that of the bulk. X-ray diffraction spectra suggest good c-axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane. However, M-H hysteresis loops show a fairly large in-plane hysteresis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the films are made of a mixture of platelet-shaped grains and acicular grains. Microdiffraction studies in a transmission electron microscope indicate that the platelets have their c-axis oriented perpendicular to the plane and that the acicular grains have c-axis orientation in the plane. Preferential grain growth in the basal plane of the crystal is believed to be responsible for these grain geometries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel Immunological Aspects of CMV-Related Diseases (2000)

This special issue contains contributions by leading scientists and clinicians in the field of CMV, who participated in the 2nd Symposium on CMV-Related Immunopathology, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in September 1999. Recent research has shown that cytomegalovirus manipulates the immune system in an obviously 'intelligent' way to promote virus
Adaptive circadian argument estimator and its application to circadian argument control (2013)

Disruption of the circadian rhythm is detrimental to human well being, with consequences ranging from lower productivity, sleep disorder, to more serious health problems. Accurate estimation of circadian argument is critical to the assessment and treatment of circadian disruption. Circadian argument estimate is also essential for light-based circadian entrainment. Direct measurements of circadian rhythm markers such as dim light melatonin onset are inconvenient and acquired at best at low rate. Wearable continuous measurement such as actigraph is convenient but is masked by many other factors. In this paper, we present a new circadian rhythm estimation scheme based on a type of frequency tracker, called adaptive notch filter (ANF) which is commonly used in signal processing. ANF is designed to track the gain and phase of a single sinusoid from noisy data. We extend the classic ANF to multiple harmonics needed in circadian rhythm tracking. The local stability and high order harmonics robustness are analyzed. The highly noisy indirect measurements result in unreliable amplitude estimate, but the phase estimate is generally quite robust. We use this phase estimate combined with the light input to construct a black-box linear time varying (LPV) system description, parameterized by the phase estimate. The LPV model predicts the circadian rhythm response to light inputs and can be used for the design of light-based feedback control. The proposed modeling and control method is applied to three different models of circadian rhythm: Kronauer's human circadian model, Leloup's Drosophila circadian model and Neurospora circadian model. Simulation shows that our approach can generate reliable circadian argument estimation and effective gain-scheduled control of the circadian rhythm without any knowledge of the underlying model. The ability to generate circadian estimate, model, and control based only on input/output data opens up the tantalizing possibility of personalized circadian rhythm estimator and light therapy.
Possible mechanisms of action of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in chronic tension-type headache (1999)

It has been demonstrated recently that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition has an analgesic effect in patients with chronic tension-type headache. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the NOS inhibitor, L-N(G) methyl arginine hydrochloride (L-NMMA), on two of the most prominent features of chronic tension-type headache, i.e. increased muscle hardness and increased myofascial tenderness. In a double blind, crossover designed trial, 16 patients with chronic tension-type headache were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of 6 mg/kg L-NMMA or placebo on 2 days separated by at least 1 week. Muscle hardness of the trapezius muscle was measured with a hardness meter. Myofascial tenderness in the pericranial region was evaluated by manual palpation with standardized and validated methodology. All parameters were recorded at baseline and at 60 and 120 min after start of infusion. Compared with baseline, muscle hardness, 107 +/- 17 kPa/cm and tenderness, 18 +/- 11 were significantly reduced at 60 and 120 min to: hardness, 101 +/- 17 kPa/cm and 101 +/- 17 kPa/cm, respectively; tenderness, 15 +/- 11 and 14 +/- 11, respectively, after treatment with L-NMMA (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), while there was no significant reduction at any time after treatment with the placebo. Compared with the placebo, the summary score of muscle hardness was significantly reduced (P = 0.04), while tenderness showed a non-significant reduction (P = 0.11) following treatment with L-NMMA. Since increased muscle hardness in patients with chronic tension-type headache may reflect sensitization of second order neurons due to prolonged nociceptive input from myofascial tissues, we suggest that the decrease in muscle hardness following treatment with L-NMMA may be caused by reduction of central sensitization.
Spectral Gamut Mapping Framework based on Human Color Vision (2008)

A new spectral gamut mapping framework is presented. It adjusts the reproduction, choosing spectra within the printer's gamut that satisfy colorimetric criteria across a hierarchical set of illuminants. For the most important illuminant a traditional gamut mapping is performed and for each additional considered illuminant colors are mapped into device and pixel dependent metamer mismatch gamuts. A computational separation method is proposed in order to test the framework. Utilizing this separation method on a seven channel printing system, experiments allowed a deeper view on the structure of the device and pixel dependent metamer mismatch gamuts and the possible directions in color space in which a potential metameric gamut mapping transformation could map out-of-metameric-gamut colors.
Facial performance synthesis using deformation-driven polynomial displacement maps (2008)

We present a novel method for acquisition, modeling, compression, and synthesis of realistic facial deformations using polynomial displacement maps. Our method consists of an analysis phase where the relationship between motion capture markers and detailed facial geometry is inferred, and a synthesis phase where novel detailed animated facial geometry is driven solely by a sparse set of motion capture markers. For analysis, we record the actor wearing facial markers while performing a set of training expression clips. We capture real-time high-resolution facial deformations, including dynamic wrinkle and pore detail, using interleaved structured light 3D scanning and photometric stereo. Next, we compute displacements between a neutral mesh driven by the motion capture markers and the high-resolution captured expressions. These geometric displacements are stored in a polynomial displacement map which is parameterized according to the local deformations of the motion capture dots. For synthesis, we drive the polynomial displacement map with new motion capture data. This allows the recreation of large-scale muscle deformation, medium and fine wrinkles, and dynamic skin pore detail. Applications include the compression of existing performance data and the synthesis of new performances. Our technique is independent of the underlying geometry capture system and can be used to automatically generate high-frequency wrinkle and pore details on top of many existing facial animation systems.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 10-N-Substituted Acridones as Novel Chemosensitizers in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2007)

A series of novel 10-N-substituted acridones, bearing alkyl side chains with tertiary amine groups at the terminal position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ability to enhance the potency of quinoline drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. A number of acridone derivatives, with side chains bridged three or more carbon atoms apart between the ring nitrogen and terminal nitrogen, demonstrated chloroquine (CQ)-chemosensitizing activity against the MDR strain of P. falciparum (Dd2). Isobologram analysis revealed that selected candidates demonstrated significant synergy with CQ in the CQ-resistant (CQR) parasite Dd2 but only additive (or indifferent) interaction in the CQ-sensitive (CQS) D6. These acridone derivatives also enhanced the sensitivity of other quinoline antimalarials, such as desethylchloroquine (DCQ) and quinine (QN), in Dd2. The patterns of chemosensitizing effects of selected acridones on CQ and QN were similar to those of verapamil against various parasite lines with mutations encoding amino acid 76 of the P. falciparum CQ resistance transporter (PfCRT). Unlike other known chemosensitizers with recognized psychotropic effects (e.g., desipramine, imipramine, and chlorpheniramine), these novel acridone derivatives exhibited no demonstrable effect on the uptake or binding of important biogenic amine neurotransmitters. The combined results indicate that 10-N-substituted acridones present novel pharmacophores for the development of chemosensitizers against P. falciparum.
Studies on the Synthesis and Opioid Agonistic Activities of Mitragynine-Related Indole Alkaloids:  Discovery of Opioid Agonists Structurally Different from Other Opioid Ligands (2002)

Mitragynine (1) is a major alkaloidal component in the Thai traditional medicinal herb, Mitragyna speciosa, and has been proven to exhibit analgesic activity mediated by opioid receptors. By utilizing this natural product as a lead compound, synthesis of some derivatives, evaluations of the structure-activity relationship, and surveys of the intrinsic activities and potencies on opioid receptors were performed with guinea pig ileum. The affinities of some compounds for mu-, delta-, and kappa-receptors were determined in a receptor binding assay. The essential structural moieties in the Corynanthe type indole alkaloids for inducing the opioid agonistic activity were also clarified. The oxidative derivatives of mitragynine, i.e., mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (2) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (12), were found as opioid agonists with higher potency than morphine in the experiment with guinea pig ileum. In addition, 2 induced an analgesic activity in the tail flick test in mice.