gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced glass-ceramic materials for high density multilayer glass-ceramic substrate (1995)

High speed electrical equipment systems and ULSI packaging development demand new packaging technology to meet high propagation speed, high wiring density, and high frequency pulse requirement for a multichip mounted substrate. Important properties of substrate material for the microelectronic packaging with high propagation speed are dielectric constant, low thermal expansion coefficient close to that for the Si chip and mechanical strength. At first, new glass-ceramic materials with low dielectric constant, which can be sintered at less than 900{degrees}C, were developed using alumina-lead borosilicate glass system and cordierite-borosilicate system. Next, new glass-ceramic material with very low dielectric constant of 3.4 was developed by introducing isolated pores. Pore structure control can be achieved through the addition of polymer spheres to ceramic powders followed by subsequent thermal decomposition. Finally, new whisker reinforced glass-ceramic material was developed. This material has advantages of very low dielectric constant of 4.0 and high mechanical strength of 200MPa at the same time. These advanced glass-ceramic materials can be applied to the ULSI multichip packaging substrates for high speed, high frequency and high wiring density requirement.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Parameter Identification of a Robotic Manipulator. (1993)

An experimental study is presented on the parameter identification of a typical industrial robotic manipulator, PUMA260. First, parameter coefficient equations are derived from a linearized equation of the robot to clarify its base parameters and a motion planning strategy is proposed for accurate identification. Next, the effects of manipulator configuration, angular velocity and angular acceleration on the identification are experimentally investigated and desirable motion conditions are determined. Moreover, the feasibility of a reduced dynamic model consisting of parameters that dominantly contribute to joint torques is studied. Finally, the proposed parameter identification technique is validated by manipulator trajectory control experiments.
Ultrasmall targeted nanoparticles with engineered antibody fragments for imaging detection of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (2018)

Controlling the biodistribution of nanoparticles upon intravenous injection is the key to achieving target specificity. One of the impediments in nanoparticle-based tumor targeting is the inability to limit the trafficking of nanoparticles to liver and other organs leading to smaller accumulated amounts in tumor tissues, particularly via passive targeting. Here we overcome both these challenges by designing nanoparticles that combine the specificity of antibodies with favorable particle biodistribution profiles, while not exceeding the threshold for renal filtration as a combined vehicle. To that end, ultrasmall silica nanoparticles are functionalized with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) single-chain variable fragments to exhibit high tumor-targeting efficiency and efficient renal clearance. This ultrasmall targeted nanotheranostics/nanotherapeutic platform has broad utility, both for imaging a variety of tumor tissues by suitably adopting the targeting fragment and as a potentially useful drug delivery vehicle.
Processing ThinPrep cervical cytological samples for Raman spectroscopic analysis (2014)

Raman microspectroscopy has been proven to be a promising technique for diagnosis and early detection of pathologies. The data collected delivers a chemical fingerprint allowing the identification of specific biomarkers indicating the presence of abnormalities. Label free, fast and cost effective, Raman spectroscopy has already been proposed as the new generation of diagnostic tool with a strong potential but has not emerged in the medical field as yet. Notably, it is crucial to improve and adapt the protocols used to reach suitable reproducibility for screening large cohorts of patients. In this study, it is demonstrated that the variability existing in the data sets collected can be limiting. Notably, when working on cervical ThinPrep samples, the presence of blood residue can be detected by Raman spectroscopy swamping the cellular signal. However, combining a washing of the slides using H2O2 and alcohol (70% ethanol and 100% Industrial Methylated Spirits), the blood features are removed from the data without altering either the cell morphology or the spectral features. Ultimately, this work demonstrates the improved potential of Raman spectroscopy for ThinPrep analysis based on improved protocols for sample preparation. Therefore, the screening of cervical cells for the detection of abnormalities and identification of patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) is achievable.
Control of Static and Dynamic Parameters by Fuzzy Controller to Optimize Friction Stir Spot Welding Strength (2022)

Solid-state welding is a derivative of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) technique, which has been developed as a new method for joining aluminum alloys. FSSW is a variant of linear friction stir welding intended to deal with lightweight alloy resistance spot welding (RSW) and riveting. Tensile strength refers to a material’s ability to withstand excessive stress when being stretched or pulled before necking; it is expressed in terms of force per unit area. The tensile strength in stir spot welding is affected by dynamic and static parameters. The control of dynamic parameters and static parameters is studied in this paper to optimize the friction stir spot welding strength. A fuzzy logic control system is used to optimize the process as a new approach that can be used in this field. The obtained results prove that the fuzzy logic control system is an easy and inexpensive technology that can be used in prediction and optimization for the strength of FSSW. Furthermore, the results show the efficacy and adequacy of the proposed fuzzy logic control system.
Characterization of Gain Enhanced In-Field Defects in Digital Imagers (2009)

The quality of images produced by a digital imager is degraded by the presence of defects, mainly hot pixels, which develop continuously during the imager's lifetime. We previously studied the spatial and temporal distributions of these defects (at ISO 400) and concluded that they most likely result from random radiation and are not material related. With the advancement in imaging technology, the noise level at high ISO had been overcome and new cameras have a wider ISO range (ISO 100-6400). ISO gain is applied to all pixels, good or defective; thus defect parameters get amplified, causing defects to become more visible at high ISO settings. Preliminary defect identification with high ISO has revealed 2 to 3 times more defects at ISO 1600 compared to the standard ISO 400 setting. Amplification of the defect parameters causes defects to become more distinguishable relative to the background noise level. In fact, by measuring the distribution of defect parameters, our experiment results suggest that 2-3% of the faulty pixels behave as stuck-high defects at ISO 1600. With more defects found at higher ISO, we gain a more complete map of defects from each sensor and thus improve our statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal defect distributions. Our current results show that although more defects were found in the tested sensors, the defects are very small and not clustered, pointing to a random defect source rather than a material related one.
Plasmonics-active gold nanostars for chemical and biological sensing using SERS detection (2015)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides a non-destructive sensing method with high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability since SERS takes advantage of high enhancement from surface plasmon resonance and unique “fingerprint” spectral signature using Raman spectroscopy. Our group has developed a unique plasmonics-active nanoparticle, gold nanostars, with tunable plasmonics in near-infrared (NIR) “tissue optical window” without using toxic surfactant. We present their applications for chemical and biological sensing with SERS method as well as theoretical studies to investigate and confirm experimentally measured SERS results.
Cross-language knowledge transfer using multilingual deep neural network with shared hidden layers (2013)

In the deep neural network (DNN), the hidden layers can be considered as increasingly complex feature transformations and the final softmax layer as a log-linear classifier making use of the most abstract features computed in the hidden layers. While the loglinear classifier should be different for different languages, the feature transformations can be shared across languages. In this paper we propose a shared-hidden-layer multilingual DNN (SHL-MDNN), in which the hidden layers are made common across many languages while the softmax layers are made language dependent. We demonstrate that the SHL-MDNN can reduce errors by 3-5%, relatively, for all the languages decodable with the SHL-MDNN, over the monolingual DNNs trained using only the language specific data. Further, we show that the learned hidden layers sharing across languages can be transferred to improve recognition accuracy of new languages, with relative error reductions ranging from 6% to 28% against DNNs trained without exploiting the transferred hidden layers. It is particularly interesting that the error reduction can be achieved for the target language that is in different families of the languages used to learn the hidden layers.
A modified HEVC decoder for low power decoding (2015)

The increasing prominence of video oriented services, such as video conferencing, streaming or sharing, over other Internet services has made video decoding a must-have feature for any consumer device. As a complex signal processing task, video decoding puts a high pressure on battery-driven devices since battery autonomy becomes a key performance indicator for a device. In a near future, HEVC video compression standard is to replace H.264 as the dominating standard since it doubles video compression rates for the same subjective image quality, widening the scope of video applications. In this paper, a modified HEVC decoder is proposed within the context of MPEG Green Metadata. This decoder fosters energy-efficient implementations on embedded systems. Experiments show that without changing the incoming bitstream, a software implementation of the modified decoder can save up to 28% of energy while introducing limited distortion.
Flow-insensitive static analysis for detecting integer anomalies in programs (2007)

This paper describes a static analysis algorithm to detect potential integer anomalies in software. Integer anamolies take place when arithmetic operations on integer values yield new values that cannot be represented in the range for the integer type. Two common integer anomalies are integer overflow and integer underflow. Unexpected behavior could occur in a program's execution if an attempt is made to represent a value outside the range of the integer type. Such anomalies in integers representing buffer sizes can lead to critical buffer overruns that compromise the security of a system.

In this paper, we present a flow-insensitive intra-procedural static analysis algorithm that detects integer overflow and underflow anomalies in integer variables that represent memory allocation size, buffer access size or loop terminating condition. We ran the analysis on approximately 55 MLOC from some future Microsoft products. We successfully uncovered and fixed over 2000 such anomalies with an overall noise rate of as low as 6.76 percent.
A Development of Analysis Techniques for Displacement of Track Patterns. (1992)

We use the Fourier Transform Grid Method as the basis for a new approach to analyzing the displacement distribution of the track on which signals are recorded in magnetic recording systems. It is important to make the track width narrower for high density recording on magnetic tape. However, as the track becomes narrower, track linearity must be improved. To improve track linearity, it is necessary to clarify the displacement distribution of the track accurately. Our new measuring method can obtain a two-dimensional distribution of the displacement accurately and can clarify the relation between the displacement distribution and the factors that deteriorate track linearity.
1.3 W quantum cascade lasers with optimized design for continuous-wave operation at room temperature (2008)

Continuous wave optical power of 1.32 W and wallplug efficiency over 7.1 % were demonstrated at 300 K for MOCVD-grown quantum cascade lasers emitting at 4.6 mum.
Supplement 1: High-resolution aliasing-free optical beam steering (2017)

Supplementary information Originally published in Optica on 20 August 2016 (optica-3-8-887)
New Surfactants and Co-Solvents Increase Oil Recovery and Reduce Cost (2016)

Abstract The ability to develop high performance, low cost chemical formulations for chemical EOR involves the use of not only highly efficient surfactants tailored to specific crude oil and reservoir conditions, but also the technical know-how for combining the surfactants and other chemicals to create the best formulation as a complete package. Scientific understanding of how the molecular structures of surfactants and co-solvents affect microemulsion properties greatly speeds up the process of arriving at optimal formulations for enhanced recovery of a specific crude oil in a specific oil reservoir. With the main emphasis on reducing the chemical cost of the formulations, a new slate of novel chemicals, both surfactants and co-solvents, has been developed and shown to have superior performance. We have synthesized and tested new classes of surfactants with different hydrophobe sizes and structures varying from large-medium-short-ultrashort in order to meet the needs of a variety of crude oil requirements. We have also developed ultra-short hydrophobe surfactants (with 2-ethylhexanol hydrophobe) possessing dual surfactant / co-solvent properties. Such duality in performance helps, in some cases, to minimize or altogether offset the use of co-solvents while maintaining low microemulsion viscosities, faster equilibration, and other desirable behavior. Thus, 2-ethylhexanol-propoxy-sulfate was developed as a surfactant that also encompasses co-solvent properties. The novel Gemini surfactants have also been incorporated in formulations and core flood experiments with excellent results. The new co-solvents offer advantages such as short equilibration time for the microemulsion formation and lower microemulsion viscosity. Systematic studies using these new surfactants and co-solvents clearly show that we now have the capability of developing highly robust formulations to meet the needs of a variety of reservoirs, resulting in high oil recoveries with low surfactant retention, which is the key to lowering the chemical costs and improving the economics of chemical enhanced oil recovery.
Characterization of a serial array of miniature cylindrical ion trap mass analyzers (1999)

Two small (5 mm internal radius) cylindrical ion traps (CITs) are arranged in series and operated using a single ion source, detector and radio frequency (rf) trapping signal. Ions are trapped in the first CIT and later transferred to the second by applying a direct current (dc) pulse to the endcap electrode of the first trap. This process is facilitated if a second, appropriately timed, retarding dc pulse is applied to the exit endcap electrode of the second trap. Mesh endcaps are used for the CITs to increase the number of ionizing electrons entering the trap and to maximize the transfer efficiency and detected signal. The transfer efficiency is dependent on the amplitude of the dc potential applied to eject the ions from the first trap, the amplitude of the dc potential applied to retain the ions in the second trap, and the period during which the retarding potential is applied. The amplitude and phase of the rf also affect the transfer process. Ions that readily dissociate upon collision have low transfer efficiencies; more stable ions can be transferred with up to 50% efficiency. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Bactericidal Assays To Evaluate Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccines (2014)

Invasive Salmonella infections for which improved or new vaccines are being developed include enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B and sepsis and meningitis in young children in sub-Saharan Africa caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars, particularly S. enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Assays are needed to measure functional antibodies elicited by the new vaccines to assess their immunogenicities and potential protective capacities. We developed in vitro assays to quantify serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) activity induced by S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis vaccines in preclinical studies. Complement from various sources was tested in assays designed to measure antibody-dependent complement-mediated killing. Serum from rabbits 3 to 4 weeks of age provided the best complement source compared to serum from pigs, goats, horses, bovine calves, or rabbits 8 to 12 weeks of age. For S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Typhi SBA assays to be effective, bacteria had to be harvested at log phase. In contrast, S. Paratyphi A was equally susceptible to killing whether it was grown to the stationary or log phase. The typhoidal serovars were more susceptible to complement-mediated killing than were the nontyphoidal serovars. Lastly, the SBA endpoint titers correlated with serum IgG anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) titers in mice immunized with mucosally administered S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Paratyphi A but not S. Typhi live attenuated vaccines. The SBA assay described here is a useful tool for measuring functional antibodies elicited by Salmonella vaccine candidates.
3D grain reconstruction from laboratory diffraction contrast tomography (2019)

A method for reconstructing the three-dimensional grain structure from data collected with a recently introduced laboratory-based X-ray diffraction contrast tomography system is presented. Diffraction contrast patterns are recorded in Laue-focusing geometry. The diffraction geometry exposes shape information within recorded diffraction spots. In order to yield the three-dimensional crystallographic microstructure, diffraction spots are extracted and fed into a reconstruction scheme. The scheme successively traverses and refines solution space until a reasonable reconstruction is reached. This unique reconstruction approach produces results efficiently and fast for well suited samples.
Kinase Inhibitors of Novel Pyridopyrimidinone Candidates: Synthesis and <i>In Vitro</i> Anticancer Properties (2019)

A new class of pyridopyrimidinone compounds containing different nitrogenous heterocycles were synthesized starting from the key precursor 2-hydrazinyl-5-phenyl-7-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-4(3 H )-one via condensation with series of aromatic aldehydes and cyclization using different reagents as ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ammonium isothiocyanate. The bioassay results showed compound 6 to be highly effective towards three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, PC-3, and HCT-116) in vitro with promising activity values (IC 50 : 0.5 μ M) relative to the standard doxorubicin (IC 50 : 0.6 μ M). Kinase inhibitory evaluation of compound 6 displays hopeful inhibitory action against BRAF V600E, EGFR, and PDGFR β at100 μ M. The molecular docking studies supported the initial kinase assay.
Virus-PEDOT Nanowires for Biosensing (2010)

The separate fields of conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors and virus-based molecular recognition offer numerous advantages for biosensing. Grafting M13 bacteriophage into an array of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires generated hybrids of conducting polymers and viruses. The virus incorporation into the polymeric backbone of PEDOT occurs during electropolymerization via lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. The resultant arrays of virus-PEDOT nanowires enable real-time, reagent-free electrochemical biosensing of analytes in physiologically relevant buffers.
Range demonstration of a reconfigurable fiber-optic time-steered 2D transmit beamformer (2002)

We present the first range demonstration of a 2-D, true-time delay, transmit beamformer based on the technique that produces 2-D steering by dynamically reassigning the output of a 1-D beamformer onto the input plane of a 2-D antenna array. Anechoic chamber testing of the reconfigurable beamformer, demonstrates squint-free steering to /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ across the 6 to 18 GHz band in the azimuth and elevation directions and to (/spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ az, /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ el) in the inter-cardinal /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ directions.
Direct signaling of TL1A-DR3 on fibroblasts induces intestinal fibrosis in vivo (2020)

Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A, TNFSF15) is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, modulating the location and severity of inflammation and fibrosis. TL1A expression is increased in inflamed mucosa and associated with fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. Tl1a-overexpression in mice causes spontaneous ileitis, and exacerbates induced proximal colitis and fibrosis. Intestinal fibroblasts express Death-receptor 3 (DR3; the only know receptor for TL1A) and stimulation with TL1A induces activation in vitro. However, the contribution of direct TL1A-DR3 activation on fibroblasts to fibrosis in vivo remains unknown. TL1A overexpressing naïve T cells were transferred into Rag<sup>-/-</sup> , Rag<sup>-/-</sup> mice lacking DR3 in all cell types (Rag<sup>-/-</sup>Dr3<sup>-/-</sup>), or Rag<sup>-/-</sup> mice lacking DR3 only on fibroblasts (Rag<sup>-/-</sup>Dr3<sup>∆Col1a2</sup>) to induce colitis and fibrosis, assessed by clinical disease activity index, intestinal inflammation, and collagen deposition. Rag<sup>-/-</sup> mice developed overt colitis with intestinal fibrostenosis. In contrast, Rag<sup>-/-</sup>Dr3<sup>-/-</sup> demonstrated decreased inflammation and fibrosis. Despite similar clinical disease and inflammation as Rag<sup>-/-</sup>, Rag<sup>-/-</sup>Dr3<sup>∆Col1a2</sup> exhibited reduced intestinal fibrosis and attenuated fibroblast activation and migration. RNA-Sequencing of TL1A-stimulated fibroblasts identified Rho signal transduction as a major pathway activated by TL1A and inhibition of this pathway modulated TL1A-mediated fibroblast functions. Thus, direct TL1A signaling on fibroblasts promotes intestinal fibrosis in vivo. These results provide novel insight into profibrotic pathways mediated by TL1A paralleling its pro-inflammatory effects.