gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermostabilization by Proline Substitution in an Alkaline, Liquefying α-Amylase from<i>Bacillus</i>sp. Strain KSM-1378 (1999)

α-Amylase (LAMY) from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain KSM-1378 is a novel semi-alkaline enzyme which has 5-fold higher specific activity than that of a Bacillus licheniformis enzyme. The Arg124 in LAMY was replaced with proline by site-directed mutagenesis to increase thermostability of the enzyme. The wild-type and engineered LAMYs were very similar with respect to specific activity, kinetic values, pH-activity curve, and degree of inhibition by chelating reagents. Thermostability and structure stiffness of LAMYs as measured by fluorescence were increased by the proline substitution. The change of Arg124 to proline is assumed to stabilize the loop region involving aminio acid residues from 122 to 134. This is the first report that thermostability of an α-amylase is improved by proline substitution.
<title>Recent advances in silica fiber amplifiers at BT Laboratories</title> (1992)

The erbium doped silica fibre amplifier has become almost universal in the 1.53-1.57?m band, due to its high gain and power handling, good linearity, and lack of crosstalk[1]. In this paper, we report results on amplification at wavelengths as long as 1.62?m in the erbium/silica system, greatly extending the existing gain window.
Advanced laser optics for laser material processing (2003)

The demand for uniform intensity distribution is rising rapidly in the field of thermal processing. In this study we propose beam homogenizers with aspheric lenses or diffractive optical elements (DOE) that can convert a non-uniform Gaussian distribution into a top-hat-shaped uniform intensity distribution. The circular beam homogenizer consists of two aspheric lenses. And we propose several types of beam homogenizer, namely, rectangular and linear using DOE technology. Especially, we present a spot array generation homogenizer that can anneal several points simultaneously. This paper suggests possibilities of advance laser optics for new types of laser material processing.
Dynamic power headroom threshold for mobile rate determination in a CDMA network (2005)

Until recently, the focus in 3G networks has been on the forward link since this typically requires a higher bandwidth than the reverse direction. We focus on the reverse link since this also needs to have a sufficiently high bandwidth to support reverse link bandwidth intensive applications. H-ARQ can be used to improve throughput efficiency since errors are corrected at the physical instead of at the MAC layer. However, when this is used, the mobile must take into account possible future re-transmissions when deciding on the transmission rate of the first transmission. This requires reserving enough transmission power headroom in case additional power is needed for a subsequent re-transmission. This depends on the variability of the reverse channel conditions which in turn depends on the mobility of the mobile as well as the reverse link load of the sector. In this paper, we propose setting the power headroom dynamically instead of using a static value as is presently done. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Multichannel optical interconnects for optical communication and processing at tens of Gbits/s (2003)

8×8 parallel-channeled optical interconnect systems operating at 1 Gbits/s per channel were designed and developed using complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits driven 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays and the corresponding photodetector arrays. Low operating threshold and voltage were adapted and facilitated in the design and fabrication of VCSELs and photodetectors in order to achieve the low-power consumption for the entire system. The driver and receiver circuits were fabricated on transparent sapphire substrates using 0.5-μm ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology and subsequently flip-chip bonded with corresponding VCSEL and photodetector arrays. The VCSEL transmitter and photoreceiver arrays were biased at 3.3 V and optically coupled in a free-space configuration using compound lens systems. Data communications at bandwidth up to 1.0 Gb/s for each single channel were characterized. Bit-error-rate (BER) was measured to be better than 10<sup>-9 </sup>from the eye diagrams. Such interconnect systems were also demonstrated for optical data processing using diffractive optical elements.
Dynamic Signal Interpretation of Rotary Machines Using Adaptive Order Tracking (2007)

This paper proposes and implements an adaptive Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking (VKF_OT) approach to overcome the deficiencies of the original VKF_OT scheme for condition monitoring and diagnosis of rotary machinery. This article comprises theoretical derivation, numerical implementation and experimental validation. Comparisons of the adaptive scheme to the original are accomplished through processing a synthetic signal composed of close order components. Parameters such as the weighting factor and the correlation matrix of process noise, which influences tracking performance, are investigated in the study. The adaptive OT scheme based on the Kalman filter can be computed on-line and implemented as a real-time processing application. This paper also illustrates experimental validation through the separation of two close orders arising from a transmission test bench.
A new antipseudomonal cephalosporin CP6162 and its congeners. (1990)

The synthesis and biological activity of a series of 3-[2-(5-hydroxy-4-pyridon-2-yl)ethenyl]cephalosporin derivatives are described. They showed very potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (6R, 7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2 -(1-carboxy-1-methyl)-ethoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(Z)-2-(1,5-dihydrox y-4- pyridon-2-yl)ethenyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, CP6162 (8e), was selected for further evaluation as antipseudomonal chemotherapeutic agent.
Robust MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications Using Turbo Block Decision-Feedback Equalization (2010)

In this paper, a robust detection scheme is proposed for high data rate single-carrier multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic communications. The new scheme adopts turbo block decision-feedback equalization, where the soft-decision equalizer performs successive soft interference cancellation of both the intersymbol interference in the time domain, and the multiplexing interference in the space domain. Attributed to the inherent advantage of the block decision-feedback equalizer (BDFE) over other conventional equalizers, the MIMO turbo detection algorithm provides high performance with fast convergence speed. With the interblock interference properly removed, the MIMO BDFE is performed with overlapped information blocks without guard intervals, thus a high transmission efficiency is guaranteed and the performance degradation at the tail of each block is prevented. The MIMO channel is treated as time invariant over each small block, and is estimated with either the pilot symbols in the training mode or the previously detected symbols in the decision-directed mode. The proposed detection scheme has been tested by extensive experimental data and proved to be robust to different transmission environments. The experimental results for the undersea 2008 Surface Processes and Acoustic Communications Experiment (SPACE08) and the 2008 Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GOMEX08) are both reported.
Identification and Characterisation of an Iron-Responsive Candidate Probiotic (2011)

We propose that an inability to compete with potential pathogens under conditions of high iron availability such as stress and trauma may contribute to the lack of efficacy of many LAB-based probiotics in treating disease. Therefore, we offer an alternative paradigm which considers that probiotics should be able to be competitive during periods of intestinal bleeding, trauma or stress.
Synthesis and Ligand Properties of Stable Five‐Membered‐Ring Allenes Containing Only Second‐Row Elements (2008)

Push–push substitution patterns render allenes so flexible that the usually linear CCC fragment can be accommodated in a five-membered ring composed of only nitrogen and carbon atoms (see structure; C black, N blue, O red). These cyclic allenes appear to be strong donor η1 ligands for alkali and transition metals.
Pharmacokinetics of Conjunctivally Applied Nerve Growth Factor in the Retina and Optic Nerve of Adult Rats (2005)

These data demonstrate the bioavailability of NGF to the retina and optic nerve in rats when administered topically. These findings justify investigating the clinical effects of topical NGF therapy for treatment of posterior segment diseases.
Cervical fluorescence of normal women (1999)

Previously reported algorithms can accurately classify tissue type based on spectra from women with and without a history of cervical neoplasia.
Macrospin description of the perpendicular polarizer-planar free-layer spin-torque oscillator (2008)

For the ``perpendicular polarizer-planar free layer'' spin torque oscillator a complete current-field state diagram in the macrospin description is presented. This diagram is quite different from one of the more commonly known ``planar polarizer-planar free layer'' spin torque oscillators. In particular, various regions of bistability between two static states or a static and a dynamic state are evidenced in the current-field plane. The boundaries of the regions, where the static states become unstable, were deduced using a generalized ferromagnetic resonance formalism that requires only the knowledge of the second derivatives of the system energy for an arbitrary spin-polarization direction and field orientation. The dependence of the frequency as a function of current and bias field are described for the spin current induced steady-state oscillations as well as for the small amplitude damped oscillations around the static states. Finally, the results will be compared to recent experiments and the effect of temperature will be discussed.
High magnification imaging with a laser-based hard X-ray source (1999)

The usefulness of laser-based X-ray sources for imaging is assessed. A very bright point source of 20-keV X-rays, with a diameter of 10 /spl mu/m, has been created by the interaction of a high contrast femtosecond laser pulse with solid targets. This X-ray source has been used for a feasibility study of high magnification imaging. Images of mammography phantoms have been obtained and spatial resolution of 35 /spl mu/m has been demonstrated with object magnification up to ten. A new laser technology recently introduced allows the construction of very intense, compact and cost effective short pulse laser systems and makes now the ultrafast laser based hard X-ray sources very attractive for medical application.
Multi-device wireless charging based on misalignment insensitive of conformal strongly coupled magnetic resonant system (2017)

In this paper, the misalignment property of the Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant (CSCMR) system is studied and applied to power multi-device simultaneously. A planar CSCMR WPT system shows excellent misalignment in azimuth plane compared to traditional SCMR system. The Receiving (RX) resonator can be moved around the Transmitting (TX) resonator in the same plane without scarifying efficiency. Using the misalignment insensitive property, a CSCMR WPT system with one transmitter and multiple receivers in the same plane or out of the plane is realized and all the receivers are successfully charged simultaneously.
PAH-degradation by Paenibacillus spp. and description of Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp. nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium from the rhizosphere of salt marsh plants. (2002)

Bacteria belonging to the genus Paenibacillus were isolated by enrichment from petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment and salt marsh rhizosphere using either naphthalene or phenanthrene as the sole carbon source, and were characterized using phenotypic, morphological and molecular techniques. The isolates were grouped by their colony morphologies and polyaromatic hydrocarbon-degradation patterns. Phenanthrene-degrading isolates produced mottled colonies on solid media and were identified as P. validus by fatty acid methyl ester and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. In contrast, the naphthalene-degrading isolates with mucoid colony morphology were distantly related to Paenibacillus validus, according to fatty acid methyl ester and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The predominant fatty acids of the mucoid isolates were 15:0 anteiso, 16:1omega11c, 16:0 and 17:0 anteiso, constituting, on average, 50.5, 12.0, 11.2 and 6.5% of the total, respectively. The G+C contents of their DNA ranged from 47 to 52 mol%. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the highest (< or = 94%) similarity to P. validus. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the mucoid isolates formed a distinct cluster within Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed only a 6% DNA similarity between the type strain of P. validus and mucoid strain PR-N1. On the basis of the morphological, phenotypic and molecular data, the naphthalene-degrading isolates merit classification as a new Paenibacillus species, for which the name Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp. nov. is proposed, with PR-N1T (= ATCC BAA-206T = DSM 14203T) as the type strain.
Thermally and oxidatively stable carborane-siloxane-acetylenic-based thermosetting polymers (1993)

Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers that can be pyrolyzed to generate new ceramics are of current interest as a route to high temperature materials. Ceramics have desirable thermal stabilities, but are difficult to process. Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers as ceramic precursors combine organic`s ease of processability with inorganic`s desirable thermal and oxidative stability. Carborane-siloxane-acetylenic-based polymers are an application of this approach. The synthesis, characterization and thermooxidative properties of poly(butadiyne-1,7,bis(tetramethyldisiloxyl)-m-carborane) (polymer 2) is described. Polymer 2 is a viscous dark brown polymer that is soluble in most organic solvents making it was to process. Thermal crosslinking of acetylenic groups generates a thermoset which in turn can be pyrolyzed to ceramic material. Thermal and thermo-oxidative characterization is by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Cure studies of larger samples are also presented.
Gfi1 Loss Protects against Two Models of Induced Diabetes (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Although several approaches have revealed much about individual factors that regulate pancreatic development, we have yet to fully understand their complicated interplay during pancreas morphogenesis. Gfi1 is transcription factor specifically expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, whose role in pancreas cells fate identity and specification is still elusive. <b>Methods:</b> In order to gain further insight into the function of this factor in the pancreas, we generated animals deficient for <i>Gfi1</i> specifically in the pancreas. <i>Gfi1</i> conditional knockout animals were phenotypically characterized by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and RNA scope. To assess the role of Gfi1 in the pathogenesis of diabetes, we challenged <i>Gfi1</i>-deficient mice with two models of induced hyperglycemia: long-term high-fat/high-sugar feeding and streptozotocin injections. <b>Results:</b> Interestingly, mutant mice did not show any obvious deleterious phenotype. However, in depth analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in pancreatic <i>amylase</i> expression, leading to a diminution in intestinal carbohydrates processing and thus glucose absorption. In fact, <i>Gfi1</i>-deficient mice were found resistant to diet-induced hyperglycemia, appearing normoglycemic even after long-term high-fat/high-sugar diet. Another feature observed in mutant acinar cells was the misexpression of ghrelin, a hormone previously suggested to exhibit anti-apoptotic effects on β-cells in vitro. Impressively, <i>Gfi1</i> mutant mice were found to be resistant to the cytotoxic and diabetogenic effects of high-dose streptozotocin administrations, displaying a negligible loss of β-cells and an imperturbable normoglycemia. <b>Conclusions:</b> Together, these results demonstrate that Gfi1 could turn to be extremely valuable for the development of new therapies and could thus open new research avenues in the context of diabetes research.
Sounding airflow enhances aerosol delivery into the paranasal sinuses (2006)

A sounding airflow increases the delivery of an aerosolized drug into the paranasal sinuses.
Can Damaged Tendons be Repaired using Electrospun Biopolymer Nanofibres (2010)

Title: Can damaged tendons be repaired using electrospun biopolymer nanofibres? Author(s): Lucy A Bosworth, Sandra DownesAffiliation(s): School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, UKAbstract:Tendon disease and injuries are caused by trauma, sport injuries and orthopaedic pathology. Current therapies are often ineffective with on-going pain, scarring and tissue degeneration. With no other synthetic, biodegradable tendon repair device available for clinical use, we have developed an electrospun 3D fibrous scaffold, with purposeful orientation, which mimics the tendon hierarchical tissue structure.Polycaprolactone (PCL) dissolved in acetone was electrospun using pre-determined parameters. Fibres were collected on a fine-edged mandrel rotating at high speed (aligned fibres) and low speed (random fibres). 3D fibrous bundles were fabricated by manipulating 2D mats of aligned fibres. Physicochemical characterisation of the three different scaffolds (2D aligned and random mats, and 3D bundles) was performed, including; tensile properties, fibre morphology and crystallinity. Cellular interactions of tendon cells seeded onto each scaffold were similarly determined by assessing; cell proliferation, contact guidance and matrix expression. Results determined 3D bundles to have superior tensile properties and, similar to aligned 2D mats, demonstrated cellular orientation comparable to cells within natural tendon. As a pilot study, 3D bundles were successfully implanted into the Achilles tendons??? of mice for three weeks. Normal ambulation returned within 48hrs and all mice survived. Research into longer-term in vivo studies and scaling of single 3D bundles to create hierarchical fibrous structures is currently on-going. We believe biodegradable 3D electrospun bundles, made from PCL, could provide an alternative therapy for the repair and regeneration of damaged tendons.Biographical statement:Lucy Bosworth is interested in electrospinning applications for tissue regeneration and in vitro models, and is currently continuing her PhD research, ???3D Electrospun Bundles of Polycaprolactone for Tendon Regeneration???, funded by a Proof of Principle grant. Lucy and Prof. Downes are co-editing an electrospinning book, titled; ???Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration???.
Adaptive refreshing and read voltage control scheme for FeDRAM (2016)

Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor (FeFET) is a promising nonvolatile device which provides high integration density, fast programming speed, and excellent CMOS compatibility. In general, the non-volatility of FeFET is impacted by its physical structure and there is a trade-off between data retention time and device endurance. To improve the cell endurance, for example, the ferroelectric layer of FeFET needs to be programmed to a low polarization level, leading to a short retention time. In ferroelectric DRAM (FeDRAM) design, degradation in FeFET retention time and write-read disturbance requires the FeDRAM cells to b e periodically refreshed in order to prevent data loss. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive refreshing and read voltage control scheme to minimize the energy overheads associated with FeDRAM refreshing while still achieve high cell access reliability.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF (20S)-STEROIDAL SIDE CHAIN (1983)

Aus dem Ethyliden- steroid (I) erhält man mit Propiolsäureester (II) in Gegenwart von Diethylalumini umchlorid (III) ein Addukt (IV), das zum definierten Methyl-(20S)-3β-acetoxy-5acholanoat (V) hydriert wird.
A 1 GS/s 10b 18.9 mW Time-Interleaved SAR ADC With Background Timing Skew Calibration (2014)

This paper presents a time-interleaved (TI) SAR ADC which enables background timing skew calibration without a separate timing reference channel and enhances the conversion speed of each SAR channel. The proposed ADC incorporates a flash ADC operating at the full sampling rate of the TI ADC. The flash ADC output is multiplexed to resolve MSBs of the SAR channels. Because the full-speed flash ADC does not suffer from timing skew errors, the flash ADC output is also used as a timing reference to estimate the timing skew of the TI SAR ADCs. A prototype ADC is designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. After background timing skew calibration, 51.4 dB SNDR, 59.1 dB SFDR, and ±1.0 LSB INL/DNL are achieved at 1 GS/s with a Nyquist rate input signal. The power consumption is 18.9 mW from a 1.0 V supply, which corresponds to 62.3 fJ/step FoM.
MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS I. MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF ACLACINOMYCIN BTO ACLACINOMYCIN A (1983)

Streptomyces galilaeus OBB-111 and its blocked mutant were found to convert aclacinomycin B and related anthracycline glycosides of the B type to the corresponding A-type glycosides. Only the cell fraction of cultures of S. galilaeus OBB-111 was capable of catalyzing the reaction. The activity was associated with growth but disappeared before the start of rapid production of aclacinomycins A and B.
Palladium-Filled Carbon Nanotubes Cathode for Improved Electrolyte Stability and Cyclability Performance of Li-O<sub>2</sub>Batteries (2016)

Li–oxygen (Li-O2) cathodes using palladium-coated and palladium-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated for their battery performance. The full discharge of batteries in the 2–4.5 V range showed 6-fold increase in the first discharge cycle of the Pd-filled over the pristine CNTs and 35% increase over their Pd-coated counterparts. The Pd-filled also exhibited improved cyclability with 58 full cycles of 500 mAh·g−1 at current density of 250 mA·g−1 versus 35 and 43 cycles for pristine and Pd-coated CNTs, respectively. In this work, the effect of encapsulating the Pd catalysts inside the CNTs proved to increase the stability of the electrolyte during both discharging and charging. Voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy and visual inspection of the discharge products using scanning electron microscopy confirmed the improved stability of the electrolyte due to this encapsulation and suggest that this approach could lead increasing the Li-O2 battery capacity and cyclability performance.
Photonic bandgap structures-oversized circuits for vacuum electron devices (2002)

Use of microwave photonic band gap (PBG) structures is a promising approaching in improving the performance of vacuum electron devices (VED) in terms of better mode control and higher output power. Typically, a PBG structure is made up of a one-, two- or three-dimensional periodic metallic structures. When designed properly, it acts like a filter, reflecting RF fields in a certain frequency range while allowing RF fields at other frequencies to transmit through. We have launched a comprehensive theoretical, computational, and experimental research program to develop an advanced VED based on PBG structures.