gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Monitoring of the Surface and Total Composition of Aerosol Particles (1997)

ABSTRACT Laser desorption ionization is used to characterize the products of an aerosol reaction in real time. Sodium chloride aerosols are mixed with vapor phase ammonia and nitric acid to produce an ammonium nitrate surface layer. The product aerosols are sampled directly into a mass spectrometer where the surface and total compositions are distinguished by laser desorption ionization. With a low laser irradiance, only material near the particle surface is desorbed and ionized. In this case, the mass spectra are independent of the amount of ammonium nitrate deposited, and simply indicate a nitrate-enriched surface layer. With a higher laser irradiance, both the surface layer and core are ablated. The relative intensities of ions originating from the surface layer and core reflect the total composition. That is, the relative intensities of ions produced from the ammonium nitrate surface layer increase with increasing surface layer thickness. The laser irradiance dependences of the mass spectra allow the surface and total composition to be qualitatively distinguished, but particle-to-particle variations of the relative signal intensities preclude a quantitative measurement of the amount of ammonium nitrate deposited.
Regulation of cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein-mediated Transcription by the SNF2/SWI-related Protein, SRCAP (2001)

SRCAP (SNF2-related CPB activator protein) belongs to the SNF2 family of proteins whose members participate in various aspects of transcriptional regulation, including chromatin remodeling. It was identified by its ability to bind to cAMP-responsive-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP), and it increases the transactivation function of CBP. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter was used as a model system to explore the role of SRCAP in the regulation of transcription mediated by factors that utilize CBP as a coactivator. We show that transcription of a PEPCK chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene activated by protein kinase A (PKA) is enhanced 7-fold by SRCAP. In the absence of PKA this SRCAP-mediated enhancement does not occur, suggesting that SRCAP functions as a coactivator for PKA-activated factors such as CREB. Replacing the PEPCK promoter binding site for CREB with a binding site for Gal4 (DeltaCRE (cAMP-responsive element) Gal4 PEPCK-CAT reporter gene) blocks the ability of SRCAP to activate transcription despite the presence of PKA. Expression of a Gal-CREB chimera restores the ability of PKA to regulate transcription of the DeltaCRE Gal4 PEPCK gene and restored the ability of SRCAP to stimulate PKA-activated transcription. In addition, SRCAP in the presence of PKA enhances the ability of the Gal-CREB chimera to activate transcription of a Gal-CAT reporter gene that contains only binding sites for Gal4. SRCAP binds to CBP amino acids 280-460, a region that is important for CBP to function as a coactivator for CREB. Overexpression of a SRCAP peptide corresponding to this CBP binding domain acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of CREB-mediated transcription. Structure-function studies were done to explore the mechanism(s) by which SRCAP regulates transcription. These studies indicate that the N-terminal region of SRCAP, which contains five of the seven regions that comprise the ATPase domain, is not needed for activation of CREB-mediated transcription. SRCAP apparently has several domains that participate in the activation of transcription.
Test and Design-for-Testability Solutions for 3D Integrated Circuits (2014)

Despite the promise and benefits offered by 3D integration, testing remains a major obstacle that hinders its widespread adoption. Test techniques and design-for-testability (DfT) solutions for 3D ICs are now being studied in the research community, and experts in industry have identified a number of hard problems related to the lack of probe access for wafers, test access in stacked dies, yield enhancement, and new defects arising from unique processing steps. We describe a number of testing and DfT challenges, and present some of the solutions being advocated for these challenges. Techniques highlighted in this paper include: (i) pre-bond testing of TSVs and die logic, including probing and non-invasive test using DfT; (ii) post-bond testing and DfT innovations related to the optimization of die wrappers, test scheduling, and access to dies and inter-die interconnects; (iii) interconnect testing in interposer-based 2.5D ICs; (iv) fault diagnosis and TSV repair; (v) cost modeling and test-flow selection.
FlyAbout (2001)

We describe a system called FlyAbout which uses spatially indexed panoramic video for virtual reality applications. Panoramic video is captured by moving a [email protected] camera along continuous paths. Users can interactively replay the video with the ability to view any interesting object or choose a particular direction. Spatially indexed video gives the ability to travel along paths or roads with a map-like interface. At junctions, or intersection points, users can chose which path to follow as well as which direction to look, allowing interaction not available with conventional video. Combining the spatial index with a spatial databsdde of maps or objects allows users to navigate to specific locations or interactively inspect particular objects.
<i>In Vivo</i> Protein Interaction Network Identified with a Novel Real-Time Cross-Linked Peptide Identification Strategy (2013)

Protein interaction topologies are critical determinants of biological function. Large-scale or proteome-wide measurements of protein interaction topologies in cells currently pose an unmet challenge that could dramatically improve understanding of complex biological systems. A primary impediment includes direct protein topology and interaction measurements from living systems since interactions that lack biological significance may be introduced during cell lysis. Furthermore, many biologically relevant protein interactions will likely not survive the lysis/sample preparation and may only be measured with in vivo methods. As a step toward meeting this challenge, a new mass spectrometry method called Real-time Analysis for Cross-linked peptide Technology (ReACT) has been developed that enables assignment of cross-linked peptides "on-the-fly". Using ReACT, 708 unique cross-linked (<5% FDR) peptide pairs were identified from cross-linked E. coli cells. These data allow assembly of the first protein interaction network that also contains topological features of every interaction, as it existed in cells during cross-linker application. Of the identified interprotein cross-linked peptide pairs, 40% are derived from known interactions and provide new topological data that can help visualize how these interactions exist in cells. Other identified cross-linked peptide pairs are from proteins known to be involved within the same complex, but yield newly discovered direct physical interactors. ReACT enables the first view of these interactions inside cells, and the results acquired with this method suggest cross-linking can play a major role in future efforts to map the interactome in cells.
Active Feed Tuning for Excitation Symmetry in Simultaneous Transmit and Receive Antennas (2020)

We present an actively tuned balun to enable simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antennas to achieve greater isolation. Specifically, for the first time, we propose placing a chip into the antenna feed to control the amplitude of the current density. Nearly perfect balance of the feed currents enables STAR antennas to maintain strong isolation despite unpredictable fabrication imperfections. Two identical prototypes were fabricated for comparison, one passive and the other with active tuning inserted. Measurements demonstrate a minimum isolation of 42 dB across a 250 MHz bandwidth, representing an 11 dB improvement over the passive case. This is the best reported transmit/receive isolation enhancement to date. Further, this novel tuning method is significant because it enables STAR antennas with low-cost substrates, such as FR-4, to achieve greater isolation than passive designs. Notably, the balun was tuned across 1.68-1.93 GHz, part of the Federal Communication Commission's AWS-3 spectrum auction. Measurements show good comparison with simulation.
Novel glycolipid agents for killing cisplatin-resistant human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (2017)

Studies using primary EOC cell samples supports previously published work showing a GAEL-induced caspase-independent mechanism of death. GAELs hold promise for development as novel compounds to combat EOC mortality due to chemotherapy resistance.
High frequency thin film ferroelectric acoustic resonators (2000)

Presently front-end RF filters are one of the largest elements in the PCS handset and it is very difficult to fabricate them on chip. To achieve component miniaturization and integration in future mobile communication systems, thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) will be the best choice to replace the current ceramic or surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices because they are compact, have low-loss and are largely compatible with the existing high frequency Si/GaAs IC processing. An FBAR is a resonant piezoelectric device similar to the more familiar quartz resonators, which consists of piezoelectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes. (3 pages)
Neural Ray Surfaces for Self-Supervised Learning of Depth and Ego-motion (2020)

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful tool for depth and ego-motion estimation, leading to state-of-the-art results on benchmark datasets. However, one significant limitation shared by current methods is the assumption of a known parametric camera model - usually the standard pinhole geometry - leading to failure when applied to imaging systems that deviate significantly from this assumption (e.g., catadioptric cameras or underwater imaging). In this work, we show that self-supervision can be used to learn accurate depth and ego-motion estimation without prior knowledge of the camera model. Inspired by the geometric model of Grossberg and Nayar, we introduce Neural Ray Surfaces (NRS), convolutional networks that represent pixel-wise projection rays, approximating a wide range of cameras. NRS are fully differentiable and can be learned end-to-end from unlabeled raw videos. We demonstrate the use of NRS for self-supervised learning of visual odometry and depth estimation from raw videos obtained using a wide variety of camera systems, including pinhole, fisheye, and catadioptric.
Constrained Registration for Motion Compensation in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures (2011)

Fluoroscopic overlay images rendered from preoperative volumetric data can provide additional anatomical details to guide physicians during catheter ablation procedures for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AFib). As these overlay images are often compromised by cardiac and respiratory motion, motion compensation methods are needed to keep the overlay images in sync with the fluoroscopic images. So far, these approaches have either required simultaneous biplane imaging for 3-D motion compensation, or in case of monoplane X-ray imaging, provided only a limited 2-D functionality. To overcome the downsides of the previously suggested methods, we propose an approach that facilitates a full 3-D motion compensation even if only monoplane X-ray images are available. To this end, we use a training phase that employs a biplane sequence to establish a patient specific motion model. Afterwards, a constrained model-based 2-D/3-D registration method is used to track a circumferential mapping catheter. This device is commonly used for AFib catheter ablation procedures. Based on the experiments on real patient data, we found that our constrained monoplane 2-D/3-D registration outperformed the unconstrained counterpart and yielded an average 2-D tracking error of 0.6 mm and an average 3-D tracking error of 1.6 mm. The unconstrained 2-D/3-D registration technique yielded a similar 2-D performance, but the 3-D tracking error increased to 3.2 mm mostly due to wrongly estimated 3-D motion components in X-ray view direction. Compared to the conventional 2-D monoplane method, the proposed method provides a more seamless workflow by removing the need for catheter model re-initialization otherwise required when the C-arm view orientation changes. In addition, the proposed method can be straightforwardly combined with the previously introduced biplane motion compensation technique to obtain a good trade-off between accuracy and radiation dose reduction.
Semi-supervised Variational Autoencoder for WiFi Indoor Localization (2019)

We address the problem of indoor localization based on WiFi signal strengths. We develop a semi-supervised deep learning method able to train a prediction model from a small set of annotated WiFi observations and a massive set of non-annotated ones. Our method is based on the variational autoencoder deep network. We complement the network with an additional component of structural projection able to further improve the localization accuracy in a complex, multi-building and multi-floor environment. We consider several different network compositions which combine the classification and regression sub-tasks to achieve optimal performance. We evaluate our method on the public UJI-IndoorLoc dataset and show that the proposed method allows to maintain the state of the art localization accuracy with a very limited amount of annotated data.
2754. Phase 1 Trial of an mRNA-Based Combination Vaccine Against hMPV and PIV3 (2019)

Abstract Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children. Despite their public health impact, no effective therapeutic or preventive options are available. mRNA-1653 is a mRNA-based investigational combination vaccine against hMPV and PIV3, and consists of two distinct mRNA sequences encoding the fusion proteins of hMPV and PIV3, co-formulated in lipid nanoparticles. Methods This phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study assesses the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1653 in healthy adults aged 18–49. The 124-subject study evaluates four vaccine dose levels (25, 75, 150, and 300 µg) administered intramuscularly in either single-dose or two-dose (Day 1, Month 1) vaccination schedules, with follow-up through 1 year after the last vaccination. Objectives include safety and immunogenicity measured by hMPV- and PIV3-specific neutralizing antibody titers. Results An interim analysis demonstrated that the mRNA-1653 vaccine was generally well-tolerated at all dose levels. Neutralizing antibodies against hMPV and PIV3 were present at baseline in all subjects, consistent with prior exposure to both viruses. A single dose of mRNA-1653 boosted serum neutralization titers against both hMPV and PIV3, and the magnitude of boosting was similar at all dose levels. The geometric mean ratio of Month 1 to baseline titers was approximately 6 for hMPV and 3 for PIV3. A second dose of mRNA-1653 at Month 1 was not associated with further increase of hMPV or PIV3 neutralization titers. Conclusion mRNA-1653 is well-tolerated and induces a functional immune response, and is therefore a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of pediatric respiratory tract diseases caused by hMPV and PIV3. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Beneficial Interactions Between B Vitamins and Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Brain Atrophy and of Cognitive Decline in Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

Background and aim A randomised trial (VITACOG) in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, found that B vitamin treatment to lower homocysteine slowed the rate of brain atrophy and of cognitive and clinical decline. (de Jager et al. Int J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2012, 27:592–600; Douaud et al. PNAS 2013, 110:9523–28). We reported last year that, in this trial, B vitamins only slowed brain atrophy in subjects with a good baseline omega‐3 fatty acid status (Jerneren et al. AJCN 2015; 102:215–21). We have now used data from the trial to see whether baseline omega‐3 fatty acid status interacts with the effects of B vitamin treatment on cognitive and clinical outcomes. Methods 266 participants with MCI aged ≥70 years were randomised to B vitamins (folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) or placebo for 2 years. Baseline cognitive test performance, clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale and plasma concentrations of total homocysteine, total docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (omega‐3 fatty acids) were measured. Results Final scores for episodic memory, global cognition and CDR sum‐of‐boxes were better in the B vitamin‐treated group as the baseline concentration of omega‐3 fatty acids increased, whereas scores in the placebo group did not change across omega‐3 concentrations. Among those with good omega‐3 status, 33% of those on B vitamin treatment had global CDR scores >0 (i.e., worse) after 2 years compared with 59% among those on placebo; in other words, nearly twice as many on placebo progressed towards Alzheimer's disease as those on B vitamins with good omega‐3 status. For all 3 outcome measures, higher concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid alone significantly enhanced the cognitive effects of B vitamins. Eicosapentaenoic acid showed a similar pattern but did not reach significance. Conclusions When omega‐3 fatty acid concentrations are low, B vitamin treatment has no effect on cognitive decline in MCI, but when omega‐3 levels are in the upper normal range B vitamins interact to slow cognitive and clinical decline. These findings on cognition mirror the earlier findings on brain atrophy, consistent with a disease‐modifying effect of the combination of the two nutrients. We suggest that one mechanism for this beneficial interaction may be that B vitamins are needed for the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to give phosphatidylcholine (enriched in omega‐3 fatty acids), which plays a key role both in brain structure and in synaptic function. A clinical trial of B vitamins combined with omega‐3 fatty acids is needed to see whether it is possible to slow the conversion from MCI to AD. Support or Funding Information Supported by grants from Norman Collisson Foundation, Medical Research Council, Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust
Simulation and fabrication of large area uncooled microbolometers for terahertz wave detection (2011)

Large area microbolometer detectors are very attractive for applications where high sensitivity is required. This is particularly important for long wavelength spectroscopy in the far-infrared and sub-millimeter region. This paper presents current progress in the development of large area uncooled microbolometer FPAs at INO.
Acoustic sensitivity of fiber-optic interferometric sensors (1982)

Acoustically induced phase modulation in single-mode optical fibers has been of growing interest since potential use of fibers as acoustic sensors has been established. The acoustic sensitivity of multilayer fibers is studied in detail as a function of the elastic coefficients of the fiber coatings. The analytic results are utilized to identify coating properties which optimize the fiber acoustic sensitivity.
Metallic nanocomposites as next-generation thermal interface materials (2017)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are an integral and important part of thermal management in electronic devices. The electronic devices are becoming more compact and powerful. This increase in power processed or passing through the devices leads to higher heat fluxes and makes it a challenge to maintain temperatures at the optimal level during operation. Herein, we report a free standing nanocomposite TIM in which boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are uniformly dispersed in copper matrices via an organic linker, thiosemicarbazide. Integration of these metal-organicinorganic nanocomposites was made possible by a novel electrodeposition technique where the functionalized BNNS (f-BNNS) experience the Brownian motion and reach the cathode through diffusion, while the nucleation and growth of the copper on the cathode occurs via the electrochemical reduction. Once the f-BNNS bearing carbonothioyl/thiol groups on the terminal edges come into the contact with copper crystals, the chemisorption reaction takes place. We performed thermal, mechanical, and structural characterization of these nanocomposites using scanning electron microcopy (SEM), diffusive laser flash (DLF) analysis, phase-sensitive transient thermoreflectence (PSTTR), and nanoindentation. The nanocomposites exhibited a thermal conductivity ranging from 211 W/mK to 277 W/mK at a filler mass loading of 0-12 wt.%. The nanocomposites also have about 4 times lower hardness as compared to copper, with values ranging from 0.27 GPa to 0.41 GPa. The structural characterization studies showed that most of the BNNS are localized at grain boundaries - which enable efficient thermal transport while making the material soft. PSTTR measurements revealed that the synergistic combinations of these properties yielded contact resistances on the order of 0.10 to 0.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/W, and the total thermal resistance of 0.38 to 0.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/W at bondline thicknesses of 30-50 μm. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposite is 11 ppm/K, which lies between the CTEs of aluminum (22 ppm/K) and silicon (3 ppm/K), which are common heat sink and heat source materials, respectively. The nanocomposite can also be deposited directly on to heat sink which will simplify the packaging processes by removing one possible element to assemble. These unique properties and ease of assembly makes the nanocomposite a promising next-generation TIM.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical, Structural, and Chemical Characteristics of Lead‐Indium Phosphate and Lead‐Scandium Phosphate Glasses. (1988)

Abstract Among the oxides studied (e.g.
3D Fabric-forming Processes: Distinguishing Between 2D-weaving, 3D-weaving and an Unspecified Non-interlacing Process (1996)

In the production of 3D fabrics for textile-based composite material applications, the conventional 2D weaving device is employed to produce interlaced 3D fabric comprising two sets of yarns, and non-interlaced 3D fabric constituting three sets of yarns. While the process of producing interlaced 3D fabric comprising two sets of yarns complies with the principle of 2D weaving, the process of producing non-interlaced 3D fabric constituting three sets of yarns cannot be described as the process of ‘true’ 3D weaving. This is because the conventional 2D weaving process is designed to bring about the interlacement of two orthogonal sets of yarns, and not three orthogonal sets of yarns. However, an available method well-characterizes the weaving process in bringing about interlacement of three orthogonal sets of yarns and hence qualifies to be regarded as the ‘true’ 3D weaving process. The process of producing non-interlaced 3D fabric constituting three orthogonal sets of yarns does not comply with the principle of weaving, although it is generally expressed as the 3D weaving process. This unspecified process has not until now received the due appreciation as evidenced by the absence of a specific term describing the process. Interestingly, the fabric obtained through this process is referred to as a non-interlaced or a nonwoven 3D fabric. Such a terminological discrepancy calls for the evolution of a new specific term. This paper is an attempt to find clear-cut operational features in order to distinguish between the three processes in question. The discussions, which are based on the relevant fundamentals, also evolves and proposes a new term for the non-interlaced 3D fabric-forming process.