gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (1982)

A series of experiments were conducted to measure the effects of various combinations of extender pH (6.5 vs. 7.5), osmolarity (28 0 vs. 355 mOsmols), and sample agitation on the fertilizing capacity of turkey semen held for 6 hr at 15 C. Respiration of turkey sperm diluted in Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) to pH 6.0 and 280 mOsmols was lower than that of sperm diluted in BPSE with pH 7.5 and 280 mOsmols (mOsm). Sperm respiration was unaffected by extender pH adjusted to 350 mOsm, regardless of pH. Motility of both unstored and stored sperm was significantly lower in BPSE at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.5. The fertilizing capacity of sperm diluted and stored in pH 6.5 extenders did not differ from the fertilizing capacity of the unstored controls. The fertility of unstored sperm diluted in the pH 7.5 extenders did not differ from the controls, but holding for 6 hr at 15 C resulted in lower fertility. Extender osmolarity in the range studied had no influence on sperm motility, respiration, or fertility. Phosphoric acid, when used to adjust pH from 7.5 to 6.5, had no effect on fertility, whereas acetic and hydrochloric acid lowered the fertilizing capacity of stored semen. Sample agitation was critical for maintenance of sperm fertility in samples diluted and stored in pH 7.5 extenders but had no effect on sperm diluted in pH 6.5 extenders.
Amidinate Aluminium Complexes as Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates (2018)

Abstract A series of inexpensive and sustainable amidinate aluminium complexes has been developed as catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates. The reactions using terminal epoxides as substrates were carried out at room temperature and one bar of carbon dioxide pressure in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide as cocatalyst in the absence of solvent. Under these reaction conditions, excellent conversions and selectivities were achieved for a broad range of terminal epoxides. Moreover, the optimal catalyst could be used for the synthesis of disubstituted cyclic carbonates from internal epoxides and carbon dioxide, highlighting the potential of these amidinate aluminium complexes as catalysts.
Adaptive etalon suppression technique for long‐term stability improvement in high index contrast waveguide‐based laser absorption spectrometers (2019)

The authors present an adaptive algorithm based on a non‐linear regression model for mitigating time‐varying etalon drifts in line‐scanned optical absorption spectrometers. By dynamically varying the etalon spectral background using physically realistic degrees of freedom, the authors’ dynamic etalon fitting‐routine (DEF‐R) significantly increases the spectral baseline recalibration interval as compared to conventional fringe subtraction models. They provide an empirical demonstration of the efficacy of DEF‐R using an on‐chip 10 cm silicon waveguide for near‐infrared methane absorption spectroscopy at 6057 cm −1 , which suffers significant etalon spectral noise due to reflections and multi‐path interference from stochastic line‐edge roughness imperfections. They demonstrate the corresponding improvement in both spectral clean‐up and long‐term stability via Allan‐variance analysis. For the sensor presented here, application of DEF‐R enables Gaussian‐noise limited performance for more than 10 2 s and provides almost an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in stability time with respect to conventional baseline subtraction. Although DEF‐R is applied here to an on‐chip sensor embodiment, they envision their technique to be applicable to any absorption sensor limited by time‐varying etalon drifts.
The Hybrid Artisans (2014)

We present an approach to combining digital fabrication and craft, demonstrating a hybrid interaction paradigm where human and machine work in synergy. The FreeD is a hand-held digital milling device, monitored by a computer while preserving the makers freedom to manipulate the work in many creative ways. Relying on a pre-designed 3D model, the computer gets into action only when the milling bit risks the objects integrity, preventing damage by slowing down the spindle speed, while the rest of the time it allows complete gestural freedom. We present the technology and explore several interaction methodologies for carving. In addition, we present a user study that reveals how synergetic cooperation between human and machine preserves the expressiveness of manual practice. This quality of the hybrid territory evolves into design personalization. We conclude on the creative potential of open-ended procedures within this hybrid interactive territory of manual smart tools and devices.
Compression of 3D Meshes - Applications, Approaches, Standards (2008)

3D triangle meshes are a common form for representing the geometry of static and dynamic 3D objects. They are employed already in many areas, e.g. e-commerce, video games, online museums, CGI or 3D animated films, etc. Static triangle meshes represent only a piecewise linear approximation of complex 3D objects. As a consequence the approximation error can be unacceptably high unless the number of triangles is sufficiently large. On the other hand a large number of triangles makes these meshes cumbersome to handle and expensive to store or to transmit. Consequently, there exists a demand for techniques for efficient compression of static and dynamic 3D meshes. In this article we start with basics on 3D meshes. Thereafter, we explain the key ideas behind different mesh compression approaches for static and dynamic 3D meshes, and highlight their similarities and differences. Finally, we introduce the upcoming MPEG standard for compression of dynamic 3D meshes, which is referred to as FAMC (Frame-based Animated Mesh Compression), and show comparative compression results.
Protocol to Access White Space Database:Security Considerations (2012)

This document analyses common security threats of the Protocol to
Access White Space database (PAWS), and describes their potential
impacts on message exchanges between master device and white space
database when implementing PAWS. Meanwhile, the corresponding
countermeasures are also introduced in this document. The PAWS is used
for retrieving the available white space information at a given
location and time from a white space database.
Spatially resolved equalization and forward error correction for multimode fiber links (2003)

Multimode fiber links suffer from intermodal dispersion, which, at high data rates, produces intersymbol interference in the received optical signal. Without signal processing or equalization, this limits the achievable data rates. We consider the combination of a spatially resolved equalizer (SRE) (in the optical domain) and forward error correction (FEC) to increase the achievable data rates and reliability on these links. Our performance results obtained with actual measured impulse responses show that SRE and FEC on a multimode fiber link enable a significant increase (about 2.5 times) in data rate and/or a reduction in bit error rate (BER) at relatively low cost. Furthermore, we show that improvements in data rate and reliability are generally not possible using FEC alone, making the SRE/FEC combination a cost-effective, attractive approach.
Alternatively activated macrophages promote resolution of necrosis following acute liver injury (2020)

After an overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol), some patients present to hospital too late for the current antidote (N-acetylcysteine) to be effective. We tested whether macrophages, an injury-responsive leukocyte that can scavenge dead/dying cells, could serve as a cell-based therapy in an experimental model of acetaminophen overdose. Injection of alternatively activated macrophages rapidly reduced liver injury and reduced several mediators of inflammation. Macrophages show promise to serve as a potential cell-based therapy for acute liver injury.
GMSK co-channel demodulation (2009)

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is a modulation method used by GSM phone networks and the
Automatic Identification System (AIS) used by commercial ships. Typically these systems transmit data in
short bursts and accomodate a large number of users by time, frequency and power management. Co-channel
interference is not a problem unless the system is heavily loaded. This system load is a function of the density of
users and the footprint of the receiver. We consider the problem of demodulation of burst GMSK signals in the
presence of severe noise and co-channel interference. We further examine the problem of signal detection and
blind estimation and tracking of all of the parameters required in the demodulation process. These parameters
include carrier frequency, carrier phase, baud rate, baud phase, modulation index and the start and duration of
the signal.
Micropatterning Method for the Cathode of the Organic Electroluminescent Device (1997)

A unique method of micropatterning in the order of microns for an organic electroluminescent (OEL) device has been developed. The method consists of a cathode separator with a reverse tapered or a T-shaped cross section which is formed prior to the deposition of organic layers and metal cathodes. By introducing the cathode separator, a high-resolution OEL display panel with gaps of less than 30 µ m between pixels has been fabricated.
Hybrid Type Ni-Mo-Cu Alloyed Steel Powder Suitable for Sinter-Hardening (2004)

A new hybrid type alloy steel powder has been developed with the aim of obtaining high strength and hardness without heat-treatment after sintering. The powder is binder-bonded type, where 2 mass% Ni - 1 mass% Mo prealloyed steel powder is bonded with nic
Simultaneous multislice multiband parallel radiofrequency excitation with independent slice-specific transmit B1 homogenization (2013)

A new pTx pulse design formalism is introduced targeting slice-specific B1+ homogenization in MB excitation while constraining total RF power. These pulses lead to significantly improved slice-wise B1+ uniformity and/or largely reduced total RF power, as compared to the conventionally employed MB pulses applied in the CP mode.
T cell receptor interactions with human leukocyte antigen govern indirect peptide selectivity for the cancer testis antigen MAGE-A4 (2020)

T cell-mediated immunity is governed primarily by T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) complexes and is essential for immunosurveillance and disease control. This interaction is generally stabilized by interactions between the HLA surface and TCR germline-encoded complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops 1 and 2, whereas peptide selectivity is guided by direct interactions with the TCR CDR3 loops. Here, we solved the structure of a newly identified TCR in complex with a clinically relevant peptide derived from the cancer testis antigen melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE-A4). The TCR bound pHLA in a position shifted toward the peptide's N terminus. This enabled the TCR to achieve peptide selectivity via an indirect mechanism, whereby the TCR sensed the first residue of the peptide through HLA residue Trp-167, which acted as a tunable gateway. Amino acid substitutions at peptide position 1 predicted to alter the HLA Trp-167 side-chain conformation abrogated TCR binding, indicating that this indirect binding mechanism is essential for peptide recognition. These findings extend our understanding of the molecular rules that underpin antigen recognition by TCRs and have important implications for the development of TCR-based therapies.
TextKD-GAN: Text Generation using KnowledgeDistillation and Generative\n Adversarial Networks (2019)

Text generation is of particular interest in many NLP applications such as\nmachine translation, language modeling, and text summarization. Generative\nadversarial networks (GANs) achieved a remarkable success in high quality image\ngeneration in computer vision,and recently, GANs have gained lots of interest\nfrom the NLP community as well. However, achieving similar success in NLP would\nbe more challenging due to the discrete nature of text. In this work, we\nintroduce a method using knowledge distillation to effectively exploit GAN\nsetup for text generation. We demonstrate how autoencoders (AEs) can be used\nfor providing a continuous representation of sentences, which is a smooth\nrepresentation that assign non-zero probabilities to more than one word. We\ndistill this representation to train the generator to synthesize similar smooth\nrepresentations. We perform a number of experiments to validate our idea using\ndifferent datasets and show that our proposed approach yields better\nperformance in terms of the BLEU score and Jensen-Shannon distance (JSD)\nmeasure compared to traditional GAN-based text generation approaches without\npre-training.\n
Universal Litmus Patterns: Revealing Backdoor Attacks in CNNs (2020)

The unprecedented success of deep neural networks in many applications has made these networks a prime target for adversarial exploitation. In this paper, we introduce a benchmark technique for detecting backdoor attacks (aka Trojan attacks) on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We introduce the concept of Universal Litmus Patterns (ULPs), which enable one to reveal backdoor attacks by feeding these universal patterns to the network and analyzing the output (i.e., classifying the network as `clean' or `corrupted'). This detection is fast because it requires only a few forward passes through a CNN. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ULPs for detecting backdoor attacks on thousands of networks with different architectures trained on four benchmark datasets, namely the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB), MNIST, CIFAR10, and Tiny-ImageNet. The codes and train/test models for this paper can be found here: https://umbcvision.github.io/Universal-Litmus-Patterns/.
Adenosine derived from ecto-nucleotidases in calcific aortic valve disease promotes mineralization through A2a adenosine receptor (2015)

Expression of NPP1 and 5'-nucleotidase by VICs promotes the mineralization of the aortic valve through A2aR and a cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.
A New Ultrawideband Printed Monopole Antenna: The Planar Inverted Cone Antenna (PICA) (2004)

A new antenna, the planar inverted cone antenna (PICA), provides ultrawideband (UWB) performance with a radiation pattern similar to monopole disk antennas , but is smaller in size. Extensive simulations and experiments demonstrate that the PICA antenna provides more than a 10:1 impedance bandwidth (for VSWR<2) and supports a monopole type omnidirectional pattern over 4:1 bandwidth. A second version of the PICA with two circular holes changes the current flow on the metal disk and extends the high end of the operating frequency range, improving the pattern bandwidth to 7:1.
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> infection, immunology and pathology of livestock. (2015)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in ruminants leads to a chronic and progressive enteric disease (Johne′s disease) that results in loss of intestinal function, poor body condition and mortality. This book chapter discusses the clinical aspects and pathology of MAP infection; macrophage-MAP interaction; dendritic cell-MAP interaction; γδ T cells and MAP; adaptive immune responses; diagnostics; vaccination against paratuberculosis; genomics of MAP and relatedness to other M. avium subspecies; genomic diversity among the Mycobacterium avium complex; differences between sheep and cattle strains of MAP; strain differences applied to strain typing methods; and application of molecular epidemiology to Johne's disease.
Magnetic Insulation for Electrostatic Accelerators (2011)

The voltage gradient which can be sustained between electrodes without electrical breakdowns is usually one of the most important parameters in determining the performance which can be obtained in an electrostatic accelerator. We have recently proposed a technique which might permit reliable operation of electrostatic accelerators at higher electric field gradients, perhaps also with less time required for the conditioning process in such accelerators. The idea is to run an electric current through each accelerator stage so as to produce a magnetic field which envelopes each electrode and its electrically conducting support structures. Having the magnetic field everywhere parallel to the conducting surfaces in the accelerator should impede the emission of electrons, and inhibit their ability to acquire energy from the electric field, thus reducing the chance that local electron emission will initiate an arc. A relatively simple experiment to assess this technique is being planned. If successful, this technique might eventually find applicability in electrostatic accelerators for fusion and other applications.
Raman Chemical Imaging System for Food Safety and Quality Inspection (2010)

Raman chemical imaging combines Raman spectroscopy and digital imaging to visualize the composition and structure of a target, and it offers great potential for food safety and quality research. In this study, a laboratory-based Raman chemical imaging platform was designed and developed. The system utilizes a 785 nm spectrum-stabilized laser as an excitation source to generate Raman scattering. The detection module consists of a fiber optic probe, a dispersive Raman imaging spectrometer, and a high-performance spectroscopic CCD camera. The imaging system works in a point-scanning mode. A Raman spectrum is obtained at a time for individual positions in the scene. The specimens are carried by a two-axis motorized positioning table. Hyperspectral image data are accumulated as the samples are moved along two spatial dimensions. The parameterization and data-transfer interface software was developed using LabVIEW. Spectral and spatial calibration procedures are presented. The system covers a Raman shift range of 102.2 to 2538.1 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 3.7 cm-1, and an area of 127 127 mm2 with a spatial resolution as high as 0.1 mm. Performance of the system was demonstrated by an example application on detection of melamine in dry milk. Melamine was mixed into dry milk with concentrations (w/w) ranging from 0.2% to 10.0%. The system was able to create Raman chemical images that can be used to visualize quantity and spatial distribution of melamine particles in the mixtures. The developed system is versatile and can be used for safety and quality inspection of food and agricultural products.
Alpha-cyano-beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] propenamide: an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with potent cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. (1998)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) tyrosine kinase is known to be overexpressed in several malignancies and is an important target for anticancer drug design. We constructed a homology model to represent the structure of EGF-R and propose that this model can be used to design potent inhibitors of EGF-R. We used our EGF-R model and a docking procedure to rationally design compounds predicted to bind favorably to EGF-R. This approach led to the successful design of a leflunomide metabolite analogue, which was found to have an IC50 value of 1.7 microM in EGF-R inhibition assays and killed >99% of human breast cancer cells in vitro by triggering apoptosis. The reported studies may provide the basis for the development of a new class of potent and clinically useful anti-breast cancer agents.
<title>Applications of synchronously pumped subpicosecond optical parametric oscillators (OPOs)</title> (1995)

We review the design of an LBO optical parametric oscillator (OPO) synchronously pumped by a cw mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The synchronously pumped OPO produces 100 fsec pulses at 1.3 and 1.5 micrometers as well as near 600 nm using frequency doubling. We also demonstrate the synchronization of the pump, signal and idler pulses on the 100 fsec time scale. We then review applications that utilize these capabilities. These applications include studies of: InGaAs absorbers, GaAs quantum wells, electro-optic modulators, soliton-soliton interactions, energy transfer in photosynthetic bacteria, uncaging of biological molecules using confocal microscopy, electronic distributions and two photon fluorescence in dyes.
Optical Beam Routing through Time-Domain Spatial-Spectral Filtering (1995)

Recent years have seen the development of a variety of techniques for the storage and processing of optical data streams in materials with [1-10] and without [11-12] intrinsic frequency selectivity. These techniques are characterized by very high bandwidth and relatively large time-bandwidth product. It is known, that the optical processes responsible for the storage and/or processing of temporal waveform data frequently also lead to the storage of spatial waveform information [13,14]. It has been demonstrated, for example, that sequences of images can be stored. [5,7,8] An area that is relatively unexplored, however, relates to the possible interactions between stored temporal and spatial information. We explore one example of how the temporal and spatial information stored within a material can interact and lead to a novel functionality, i. e. the passive routing of optical beams along one of many possible temporally encoded directions.
Discovery of Water-Soluble Anticancer Agents (Edotides) from a Vegetable Found in Benin City, Nigeria (2003)

Cancer claims the lives of more than six million people each year in the world. About 1,268,000 new cancer cases, and 553,400 deaths were reported in the United States in 2001. Current treatment approaches have yielded significant progress in the fight against cancer, but the incidence of developing certain types of cancer continues to rise. This is especially true in the African-American communities. African Americans are about 33% more likely to die of cancer than are whites and more than twice likely to die of cancer as are Asian-Islander, American-Indians, and Hispanics. This increase coupled with the harsh side effects of some of the cancer chemotherapies have led to the search for more natural biological products, especially those derived from plant products, currently known as herbal medicine. There is a need for a continued search for novel natural products that may be used as cancer chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect(s) of a novel water-soluble leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) on human breast cancer cell DNA synthesis. MCF-7 cell line, considered a suitable model, was used in this study. Treatment of cells with physiologically relevant concentrations of water-soluble VA extract potently inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion both in the absence and presence of serum. Fractions of VA extract separated using preparative reverse-phase chromatography also inhibited DNA synthesis (P < 0.005). These results suggest that VA vegetable, if incorporated in the diet, may prevent or delay the on-set of breast cancer.
Laser Scanning Digital Camera for Retinal Imaging with a 40 Degree Field of View (2006)

A laser scanning digital camera designed for retinal imaging of the undilated human eye is described. This novel device features illumination with a scanned slit and imaging with a 40 degree diameter field of view, and it could provide eye diagnostics to underserved populations.