gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repeated Listening Increases the Liking for Music Regardless of Its Complexity: Implications for the Appreciation and Aesthetics of Music (2017)

Psychological and aesthetic theories predict that music is appreciated at optimal, peak levels of familiarity and complexity, and that appreciation of music exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with familiarity as well as complexity. Because increased familiarity conceivably leads to improved processing and less perceived complexity, we test whether there is an interaction between familiarity and complexity. Specifically, increased familiarity should render the music subjectively less complex, and therefore move the apex of the U curve toward greater complexity. A naturalistic listening experiment was conducted, featuring 40 music examples (ME) divided by experts into 4 levels of complexity prior to the main experiment. The MEs were presented 28 times each across a period of approximately 4 weeks, and individual ratings were assessed throughout the experiment. Ratings of liking increased monotonically with repeated listening at all levels of complexity; both the simplest and the most complex MEs were liked more as a function of listening time, without any indication of a U-shaped relation. Although the MEs were previously unknown to the participants, the strongest predictor of liking was familiarity in terms of having listened to similar music before, i.e., familiarity with musical style. We conclude that familiarity is the single most important variable for explaining differences in liking among music, regardless of the complexity of the music.
Rheological performance of soybean in asphalt binder modification (2017)

This study investigated the incorporation of soybean oil, first in the ranking of Brazil production, in a partial substitution to two types of asphalt binder (pure and with Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene – SBS) in order to produce warm-mix asphalt (WMA). The oil was incorporated into two conditions: new and waste, and the mix was obtained with 1%, 2% and 3% of soybean oil. The samples were analysed using the tests of penetration index, softening point, rotational viscosity, performance grade (PG), and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR). The results show that the addition of 1% content of new and waste soybean oil improved physical and rheological characteristics of asphalt binders. The decrease in mixing and compaction temperature was obtained in 2.7°C average for 1% of waste oil with pure asphalt binder and 3.4°C average for a 1% of new oil with asphalt binder with SBS, considering only the criterion of the viscosity curve.
Bifunctional Phosphines Immobilized on Inorganic Oxides (2001)

The bifunctional phosphine Ph2P(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 has been immobilized on MgO, TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 surfaces. The materials were studied by 27Al MAS, 29Si CP/MAS, 31P CP/MAS, and 31P suspension NMR spectroscopy. MgO and TiO2 cannot bind the phosphine strongly, so persistent leaching occurs. Al2O3 was applied in the basic, neutral, and acidic versions. All of them needed extensive washing, and leaching of the phosphine was found for acidic Al2O3. With alumina and silica as the supports, the half-widths and chemical shifts of the 31P suspension NMR signals of the phosphine have been determined in order to investigate the mobilities of the phosphine moieties. Hereby the surface coverages, suspension media, acidities, and pore diameters have been varied. While the pore diameters (40−100 Å) and acidities have practically no influence on the signal line widths, increasing surface coverage leads to narrower lines for all supports. This was interpreted as the result of brush-type rather than blanket-type arrangement of the phosphine molecules, when their packing on the surface gets denser. With respect to leaching and convenience of handling, SiO2 turned out to be the most favorable support for immobilizing phosphines.
Intergenic transcription and transinduction of the human β-globin locus (1997)

We have identified novel nuclear transcripts in the human beta-globin locus using nuclear run-on analysis in erythroid cell lines and in situ hybridization analysis of erythroid tissue. These transcripts extend across the LCR and intergenic regions but are undetectable in nonerythroid cells. Surprisingly, transient transfection of a beta-globin gene (epsilon, gamma, or beta) induces transcription of the LCR and intergenic regions from the chromosomal beta-globin locus in nonerythroid cell lines. The beta-globin genes themselves, however, remain transcriptionally silent. Induction is dependent on transcription of the globin gene in the transfected plasmid but does not require protein expression. Using in situ hybridization analysis, we show that the plasmid colocalizes with the endogenous beta-globin locus providing insight into the mechanism of transinduction.
Impact of multiple reflection noise in Gbit/s lightwave systems with optical fibre amplifiers (1989)

Severe systems degradations and bit error ratio floors are observed in high-speed (11 Gbit/s) lightwave transmission systems with optical amplifiers due to multiple reflections which convert laser phase noise into intensity noise. This effect is greatly intensified due to the amplifier gain, and also because of the additional presence of signal-spontaneous emission beat noise. Furthermore, even if discrete reflections in the fibre transmission path are eliminated, the multiple reflection noise arising from Rayleigh backscattering ultimately limits the maximum useful gain for optical repeaters to a level far below the maximum allowable gain to avoid lasing, unless optical isolators are employed.
ChemInform Abstract: Prodrugs of Natural Anthracyclines Suited for Antibody‐Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT) and Prodrug Monotherapy (PMT) (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deterministic bidirectional communication and remote entanglement generation between superconducting qubits (2019)

Abstract We propose and experimentally demonstrate an efficient scheme for bidirectional and deterministic photonic communication between two remote superconducting modules. The two chips, each consists of a transmon, are connected through a one-meter long coaxial cable that is coupled to a dedicated “communication” resonator on each chip. The two communication resonators hybridize with a mode of the cable to form a dark “communication mode” that is highly immune to decay in the coaxial cable. We overcome the various restrictions of quantum communication channels established by other recent approaches in deterministic communication for superconducting qubits. Our approach enables bidirectional communication, and eliminates the high insertion loss and large volume footprint of circulators. We modulate the transmon frequency via a parametric drive to generate sideband interactions between the transmon and the communication mode. We demonstrate bidirectional single-photon transfer with a success probability exceeding 60%, and generate an entangled Bell pair with a fidelity of 79.3 ± 0.3%.
Optical transitions of the<i>H</i>centers in alkali halides (1995)

Comparison is made of the experimentally measured and theoretically calculated absorption spectra of the two types of intrinsic ${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ hole centers (i.e., ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{K}}$ and H centers) in several alkali halides (X denotes a halogen atom). The optical absorption spectra of these centers in NaCl, KCl, KBr, KI, and RbI are obtained employing the dichroic spectroscopy. The geometric structure of the ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{K}}$ and H centers in NaCl, KCl, and KI are determined by optimizing the total energy of the molecular cluster embedded in the crystalline lattice using the Hartree-Fock method, and the defect optical transition energies are calculated using the configuration interaction technique. It is shown that the latter is essential for the correct representation of the wave functions of the excited defect states and for the understanding of the nature of the electronic transitions associated with the defects. The analysis of the spin density in the excited states of the H centers demonstrates the delocalization of these states over several anions surrounding the ${\mathit{X}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ molecular ion. The existence of the optical transitions of the H center higher in energy than the UV band ascribed to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{u}}$ transition is shown theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The difference in the optical properties of the H and ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{K}}$ centers is discussed in terms of the geometric and electronic structure of the two centers.
Usability testing of a prototype Phone Oximeter with healthcare providers in high‐ and low‐medical resource environments* (2012)

To increase the use of pulse oximetry by capitalise on the wide availability of mobile phones, we have designed, developed and evaluated a prototype pulse oximeter interfaced to a mobile phone. Usability of this Phone Oximeter was tested as part of a rapid prototyping process. Phase 1 of the study (20 subjects) was performed in Canada. Users performed 23 tasks, while thinking aloud. Time for completion of tasks and analysis of user response to a mobile phone usability questionnaire were used to evaluate usability. Five interface improvements were made to the prototype before evaluation in Phase 2 (15 subjects) in Uganda. The lack of previous pulse oximetry experience and mobile phone use increased median (IQR [range]) time taken to perform tasks from 219 (160-247 [118-274]) s in Phase 1 to 228 (151-501 [111-2661]) s in Phase 2. User feedback was positive and overall usability high (Phase 1--82%, Phase 2--78%).
Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures – A Survey on the Cyber Security Issues in the Transmission Subsystem of a Smart Grid (2012)

With the increased investment and deployment of embedded computing and communication technologies in the power system – the smart grid vision is shaping up into a reality. The future power grid is a large cyber physical system (CPS) which is vulnerable to cyber security threats. Among the three major subsystems of a power grid – generation, transmission and distribution – this survey focuses on the transmission subsystem because most of the cyberization of the grid has been happening in this subsystem. This is due to the need for distributed measurement, monitoring and control to retain the stability, security, and reliability of power transmission system. Given the geographically dispersed generation facilities, substations, control centers, data concentrators etc., efficient data communication is required, and therefore large scale networking – either proprietary or leased – is happening. The goal of this paper is not to be comprehensive to include all efforts of securing the transmission system from cyber borne threats, but to provide a survey of various vulnerabilities, and countermeasures proposed by various research efforts. One of the focus area in this survey is the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) technology – mostly due to our familiarity with the issues for this specific technology deployment – rather than any attempt to indicate that this is the most vulnerable technology in the transmission subsystem. Our hope is that this survey will familiarize any uninitiated reader with the issues and provide incentive to undertake systematic research programs to thwart cyber attacks on our national power delivery infrastructure.
Study of asphalt/asphaltene precipitation during addition of solvents to West Sak crude (1990)

In this study, experimental data on the amount of asphalt and asphaltene precipitation due to addition of solvents to West Sak crude were gathered. The first set of tests were conducted for two types of West Sak stock tank oils. Solvents used include: ethane, carbon dioxide, propane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-heptane, Prudhoe Bay natural gas (PBG) and natural gas liquids (NGL). Effect of solvent to oil dilution ratio on the amount of precipitation was studied. Alteration of crude oil composition due to asphalt precipitation was measured using gas-liquid chromatography. A second set of experiments were conducted to measure asphaltene precipitation due to addition of CO{sub 2} to live (recombined) West Sak crude.
Warfarin vs aspirin for symptomatic intracranial stenosis: Subgroup analyses from WASID (2006)

The WASID trial showed no advantage of warfarin over aspirin for preventing the primary endpoint of ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, or vascular death. In analyses of selected subgroups, there was no definite benefit from warfarin. Warfarin reduced the risk of the primary endpoint among patients with basilar artery stenosis, but there was no reduction in stroke in the basilar artery territory or benefit for vertebral artery stenosis or posterior circulation disease in general.
Aligning the Band Gap of Graphene Nanoribbons by Monomer Doping (2013)

A matter of doping: Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were generated through an on-surface bottom-up synthesis and selectively doped at their edges by introducing nitrogen atoms in the precursor monomers. While the size of the band gap of 2.8 eV remains almost unchanged upon N substitution, a linear shift of the band structure is observed and corresponds to n-type doping (see picture; CB=conduction band and VB=valence band).
Writing a grant application (1994)

Many research projects never see the light of day because the researchers fail to get the grant application right. Senga Bond sets out what measures can be taken to increase the chances of success in this increasingly competitive endeavour
Extremely Small AWG Demultiplexer Fabricated on InP by Using a Double-Etch Process (2004)

A compact low-loss 4×4 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexer with a channel spacing of 400 GHz is presented. By employing a double-etch process, a low-loss device is made with deeply etched waveguides that have a bending radius down to 30 μm. This small radius and a reduction of the number of array arms, reduces the device size to only 230×330 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measured insertion losses are less than 5 dB and the crosstalk is below -12 dB. To our knowledge, this is the smallest AWG reported to date.
A power law phase screen model for ionospheric scintillation: 1. Weak scatter (1979)

In this paper the weak scatter scintillation theory is reformulated to show explicitly the ramifications of an arbitrarily large ionospheric outer scale. The measured temporal phase spectrum, for example, is effectively truncated at a fixed frequency corresponding to the detrend time or the length of the data interval over which it is measured (whichever is smaller). As a consequence, the rms phase exhibits a complicated dependence on the relative irregularity drift velocity and the propagation geometry. This effect has not been included in previous analyses. By comparison, intensity scintillation data are intrinsically high‐pass filtered by the diffraction process. By taking advantage of this fact a simple closed form expression for the S 4 intensity scintillation index has been derived. The theory is applied to representative data sets from the Wideband satellite. The interpretation of the ionospheric parameters deduced from the analysis is also discussed.
Desmoid cell motility is induced in vitro by rhEGF (2009)

Desmoid tumors are benign but locally invasive myofibroblastic lesions that arise predominantly in the abdominal wall or shoulder and are prone to aggressive local recurrences. A perceived association between desmoid activity and the expression of growth factors during pregnancy or following trauma suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between growth factor stimulation and desmoid invasiveness. We used Boyden Chambers to quantify cell motility in order to determine the effect of growth factor stimulation on desmoid cell migration. Desmoid cell cultures were treated under serum-free conditions with epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) or transforming growth factor alpha (rhTGFalpha). Additional cell cultures were pretreated under serum-free conditions with the EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478, alone or in combination with the TGFbeta1 receptor inhibitor SB431542, and then stimulated with growth factor prior to being assayed for cell motility. The experiments demonstrated a direct dose-dependent relationship between rhEGF stimulation and desmoid motility. In contrast, rhTGFalpha was less effective at inducing cell migration. rhEGF-induced cell migration could be diminished, but not reduced to control levels, by inhibiting EGFR. When EGF and TGFbeta1 receptors were inhibited simultaneously, the level of rhEGF-induced cell migration was reduced significantly beyond the level of cell migration generated by inhibition of EGFR alone.
Reference Electrodes with Ionic Liquid Salt Bridge: When Will These Innovative Novel Reference Electrodes Gain Broad Acceptance? (2019)

In this paper, we raise questions that researchers have to ask if they intend to replace a conventional reference electrode with an ionic liquid-based reference electrode and try to answer these questions based on our experiences and literature data. Among these questions, the most important is which ionic liquid should be used. However, beyond the chemical composition of the ionic liquid, to realize all the potential benefits of ionic-liquid based reference electrodes, there are additional, equally important considerations. Through examples we will show the importance of the (i) purity of the ionic liquid and the consequences of deviations from its stoichiometric salt composition, (ii) form of implementation of the ionic liquid-based reference electrode membrane (free-flowing salt bridge, or ionic liquid embedded in a membrane), (iii) membrane/gelling agent material and its composition, and (iv) experimental conditions (steady state or flowing conditions) under which it will be used. Finally, we recommend methods to test the performance criteria of the ionic liquid-based reference electrodes.
Analysis of the cDNA for phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> from honeybee venom glands (1989)

A cDNA expression library was constructed from worker bee venom glands and screened with an antibody against phospho lipase A2. The nucleotide sequence of a positive clone with the largest insert showed an open reading frame that codes for part of the signal peptide, the pro-region and the entire mature enzyme of the bee venom phospholipase A2 precursor. This sequence differs in the central region from the one determined by Shipolini et al. [FEBS Lett. 17, 39-40 (1971)] in showing, among other exchanges, two additional cysteines. The revised sequence of bee venom phospholipase is similar to the pancreatic enzyme in the spacing of cysteines and the presence of several amino acids known to be part of the active site or the Ca2+-binding region in identical positions. Moreover, these parts of the bee protein can be fitted into the three-dimensional structure determined for the bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 [Dijkstra et al. (1981) Nature 289, 604-606]. Contrary to earlier suggestions, we therefore conclude that the bee venom enzyme shows some homology to phospholipases from mammalian pancreas and snake venoms.
DC buffering and floating current for a high voltage IMB application (2014)

An interface technique for the latest generation of the Impedance Measurement Box (IMB) has been conceived to enable measurement of impedance spectra for battery modules up to 300V. A 300V capable or higher IMB is an enabling technology for in-situ diagnostics within electric vehicle charging stations or battery back-ups within power distribution sub-stations. It is possible that the existing IMB can be adapted via a 300V interface module to a test battery with voltage significantly greater than 50V. Recently a new concept was conceived for the calibration, algorithm and electronics of the IMB. That algorithm and calibration for that concept have been physically validated. The principal feature of the new electronics is the floating current source excitation of the battery under test. The single ended current excitation of the battery under test, used in the 50V IMB, requires that the negative terminal of the test battery must be the analog ground for the IMB. The new floating current technique allows the test battery to be fully high impedance isolated for a measurement. That isolation will improve IMB noise immunity and enable interrogation of cells internal to a battery module. All these techniques still use the same rapid concept for impedance measurement with the IMB. The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an overview of the analytical validation for three concepts to interface the floating current excitation to a high voltage battery. Recursive simulation models were used in different test scenarios to validate the various new concepts. The analysis will show that it is possible to interface the floating signal current to obtain an impedance measurement on a high voltage test battery. Additionally, the analysis will investigate stress seen by electronics while testing a 300V battery.
Interferometric detection of optical phase shifts at the Heisenberg limit (1993)

We show that the uncertainty in the relative quantum phase of two fields propagating in the arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be reduced to the Heisenberg limit by driving the interferometer with two Fock states containing equal numbers of photons. This leads to a minimum detectable phase shift far below that of any interferometer driven by a coherent light source.
A Novel Methodology for Full Velocity Vector Estimation of Ships Using SAR Data (2008)

In this paper we propose a novel methodology for ship detection and their full velocity vector extraction from SAR data, using only the amplitude information. The algorithm uses the Radon transform to detect the ships and to derive the two components of the velocity vector at the same time, from the wake orientation and the azimuth displacement. The main advantages are that the algorithm does not need any a priori information and it is very light from the computational point of view.