gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockade of PAR1 Signaling with Cell-Penetrating Pepducins Inhibits Akt Survival Pathways in Breast Cancer Cells and Suppresses Tumor Survival and Metastasis (2009)

Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is not expressed in normal breast epithelia but is up-regulated in invasive breast carcinomas. In the present study, we found that matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) robustly activates the PAR1-Akt survival pathway in breast carcinoma cells. This process is blocked by a cell-penetrating lipopeptide "pepducin," P1pal-7, which is a potent inhibitor of cell viability in breast carcinoma cells expressing PAR1. Both a MMP-1 inhibitor and P1pal-7 significantly promote apoptosis in breast tumor xenografts and inhibit metastasis to the lungs by up to 88%. Dual therapy with P1pal-7 and Taxotere inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts by 95%. Consistently, biochemical analysis of xenograft tumors treated with P1pal-7 or MMP-1 inhibitor showed attenuated Akt activity. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt rescues breast cancer cells from the synergistic cytotoxicity of P1pal-7 and Taxotere, suggesting that Akt is a critical component of PAR1-dependent cancer cell viability. Together, these findings indicate that blockade of MMP1-PAR1 signaling may provide a benefit beyond treatment with Taxotere alone in advanced, metastatic breast cancer.
Cellulose Synthesis and Its Regulation (2014)

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer synthesized on land, is made of linear chains of ß (1-4) linked D-glucose. As a major structural component of the cell wall, cellulose is important not only for industrial use but also for plant growth and development. Cellulose microfibrils are tethered by other cell wall polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin. In higher plants, cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-localized rosette cellulose synthase complexes. Despite the recent advances using a combination of molecular genetics, live cell imaging, and spectroscopic tools, many aspects of the cellulose synthesis remain a mystery. In this chapter, we highlight recent research progress towards understanding the mechanism of cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis.
A Network-Based Internet Worm Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (2013)

Many incidents of network attacks and security threats have been previously reported. Damages caused by network attacks and malware tend to be high. In this paper, we present a network-based Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS), which can detect network attacks and Internet Worms. The proposed system can immediately classify network attack types (i.e. DoS, Probe) and Internet worm from normal network traffic by using traffic classification technique and selected well-known machine learning algorithms (i.e. Decision TreeC4.5, Random Forest, Ripple Rule, Bayesian Network, Back Propagation Neural Network) in both standalone mode and distributed mode. The proposed IDPS also allows system administrator to update existing rule sets or learn new trained data sets with a user-friendly graphic user interface. In our experiments, we can correctly detect and prevent network attacks with high accuracy, more than 99%.
A numerical technique for interpreting the bioluminescence ATP assay (1990)

Abstract A numerical technique coupled with automatic data acquisition was developed for the rapid and accurate evaluation of the bioluminescence ATP assay using the luciferin‐luciferase reaction. An exponential decay equation is fitted to the light emission curve of a sample containing ATP. The integral of the curve was found to be a reliable indicator of the amount of ATP in a sample regardless of the overall shape of the curve, peak height, or rate of initial rise. This method is useful for analyzing extracts from environmental samples containing contaminating colloids and molecular species which tend to alter the light emission curve.
Entropy-Constant Image Enhancement by Histogram Transformation (1985)

Image enhancement techniques are described for increasing visual contrast in an intensity range (or ranges) of interest. Enhancement is accomplished by histogram transformation where (except for quantization error) there is no change in entropy between the input and output images. This preservation of entropy is desired for some applications where it is imperative that no artifacts be introduced - as may result from such enhancement techniques as spatial filtering and adaptive histogram transformation. The contribution of this work is toward the compilation and organization of useful image enhancement techniques and toward an understanding of matching particular transformations with the desired purposes. Two types of methods for obtaining histogram transformations are distinguished here. In one type the output histogram is specified as a ramp-shaped function, and the transformation is found. This type is useful for automatically enhancing low or high intensity ranges, and for histogram equalization. For the second type, the general form of the transformation function is defined to be a third order polynomial function, which is specified by the choice of the intensity region of interest and the desired amount of contrast enhancement. This type is useful for interactive enhancement. Examples are shown which illustrate where each of the transformations is applicable, and what results are obtained from such transformations.
A single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, double dummy, placebo and positive‐controlled, five‐way cross‐over study to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of lorediplon in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy Caucasian adult male subjects (2014)

Lorediplon demonstrated a dose-dependent improvement in sleep, whereas zolpidem showed a more sustained WASO effect. No next-day hangover effects were observed. These sleep effects are also consistent with the pharmacokinetic profile of lorediplon. These results warrant clinical trials in patients with insomnia.
Surface simplex meshes for 3D medical image segmentation (2002)

Medical image segmentation is often a difficult task due to the low contrast, the low signal/noise ratio and the presence of outliers in images. However, it remains a critical issue for image interpretation, pattern recognition and automatic diagnosis. Deformable models are well-suited for capturing the geometry and the shape variability of anatomical structures from medical images. Indeed, they introduce an a priori knowledge in the segmentation process that increases its robustness to noise and outliers. In this paper, we address many problems related to volumetric medical image segmentation based on deformable models including model initialization, model topology, deformation behavior and image features extraction.
A proposal of a method to reduce burden of excretion care using robot technology (2009)

This paper proposes a new method for excretion care by use of robot technology. Excretion care is one of the most burdensome tasks in care, along with bathing care. Among the problems related to excretion care, transfer of the care recipient between a wheelchair and a toilet is the most acute problem. Therefore, we proposed a new transfer method for getting rid of twisting the coupled bodies of both a caregiver and a care recipient by replacing a wheelchair and a toilet automatically while the care recipient is keeping his/her standing position. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was expected to reduce the physical burden of the caregiver during excretion care.
Generating value from 4D through efficient integration (2017)

Abstract The use of time-lapse (4D) seismic at BP now has a track record stretching back more than 20 years. In the North Sea, reservoir types such as Tertiary turbidites and Cretaceous chalks produced clear 4D signals, and uptake increased rapidly in the late 1990s. In the Gulf of Mexico, 4D was generally more challenging due to greater subsurface complexity, but the industry made breakthroughs with modern acquisition systems such as ocean-bottom nodes (OBN). The challenge now is to maximize the value of existing and new surveys by better integration of 4D into reservoir management. As part of this effort, the authors implemented fit-for-purpose workflows for 4D-assisted history matching (4DAHM) and 4D geomechanical modeling. In an example from west of the Shetland Isles, UK, running the 4DAHM match-quality tool on multiple monitors from the Clair Field allows the field team to quickly see how changes in the reservoir simulation model affect the match to the 4D and identify areas of concern. The 4D geomechanics workflow utilizes the Geertsma equation to speed up modeling of effective stress changes due to compaction. It is demonstrated on the Gulf of Mexico Atlantis Field, where the authors were able to resolve a significant mismatch between the reservoir simulation model and observed seismic amplitude responses by modeling a strong stress-arching effect due to reservoir depletion.
Modulation of tumor incidence and possible mechanisms of inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis by dietary antioxidants. (1983)

The interaction of effects of various levels and types of dietary fat and antioxidants on 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene- and nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis has been studied. Dramatic differences were noted with respect to dietary fat effects as has been reported previously by others as well as ourselves. A dependence upon dietary fat type and amount, as well as upon whether diets are undefined laboratory chows or semipurified diets, is examined with regard to the effectiveness of antioxidants as tumor-inhibitory agents. The possible role and function of "antioxidants" as a class of compounds in chemical as well as the more complex biological system are discussed. A brief summary of the effectiveness of specific antioxidants in various tumor models as well as sex differences is presented, with a concluding discussion of possible strategies for obtaining information on the mechanism by which various dietary substances with antioxidant properties may inhibit tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of Glucocard Memory 2 and Accutrend<sup>®</sup> Sensor Blood Glucose Meters (1998)

The performance and practicability of 2 blood glucose meters (Glucocard Memory 2 and Accutrend sensor) were evaluated. Both glucose meters produced acceptably precise results in the hyper- and normoglycaemic concentration ranges. In the hypoglycaemic concentration range, the imprecision of Accutrend sensor was much higher than recommended by the American Diabetes Association. Within-run coefficients of variation for Glucocard Memory 2 were 6.3%, 3.9% and 2.4% at glucose concentrations of 1.7 mmol/l, 5.8 mmol/l and 11.7 mmol/l, respectively: for Accutrend sensor these were 15.2%, 5.0% and 1.2% at respective concentrations of 0.9 mmol/l, 4.2 mmol/l and 19.6 mmol/l. Between-day coefficients of variation for Glucocard Memory 2 were 4.8% and 3.5% at glucose concentrations of 3.9 mmol/l and 17.2 mmol/l, respectively and for Accutrend sensor they were 3.8% and 2.9% at glucose concentrations of 3.8 mmol/l and 18.7 mmol/l, respectively. Results were linear over a range of 1.6 mmol/l -29.7 mmol/l for Glucocard Memory 2 and 1.6 mmol/l -33.3 mmol/l for Accutrend sensor. Results of both blood glucose meters correlated closely with the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase laboratory method. Ninety-eight percent of both Glucocard Memory 2 and Accutrend sensor results were within 20% of the comparison method values. Ninety-three percent of the Glucocard Memory 2 and 96% of the Accutrend sensor results were within 15% of the comparison method results. An inverse relation between the glucose readings and haematocrit values was observed for both blood glucose meters in the hyperglycaemic range and this effect was more pronounced for Accutrend sensor. In the normo- and hypoglycaemic ranges the effect was insignificant and absent, respectively. Minimum sample volume for Glucocard Memory 2 was 3 microliters and for Accutrend sensor it was 9 microliters. Lower sample volumes gave erroneous results. Presenting more than the required volume had no effect on results.
<title>Performance comparison of neural network and statistical pattern recognition approaches to automatic target recognition of ground vehicles using SAR imagery</title> (1997)

Statistical and neural network approaches to the classification process of automatic target recognition (ATR) with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging mode for four ground vehicles are investigated and their performance compared. A set of image features is extracted from a training set of SAR images. A subset of these image features is selected which maximizes the likelihood of correct classification assuming a Gaussian feature distribution. An improved method for statistical classification is demonstrated in which training data is selected based on its statistical variation with azimuth angle. With proper selection of image features it is shown that the misclassification rates of both the statistical and neural network classifiers are approximately the same.
Fragmentation (2014)

In Chapter 3, we examined two narratives that hold a special place in the historical memory of the larger Shī‘ī community, the rejection of ‘Alī's authority after the Prophet's death in 632 and the killing of Ḥusayn at Karbala in 680. Both events generated ritual commemorations in Shī‘ī communities, most notably the celebration of ‘Īd al-Ghadīr and the mourning of ‘Āshūrā’. However, Shī‘ī groups differ regarding the implications of these events. The Zaydīs participate in the festivities surrounding ‘Alī's reported appointment at Ghadīr Khumm despite not requiring the explicit designation of an Imām. They also lament Ḥusayn's death without ascribing to it any broad cosmic significance. The Ismā‘īlīs and the Twelvers affirm ‘Alī's formal designation as the Prophet's rightful successor through their celebrations of ‘Īd al-Ghadīr. As for ‘Āshūrā’, the Ismā‘īlīs (Nizārīs) grieve for Ḥusayn, but their mourning is mitigated by the presence of a ruling Imām. This differs from the Twelvers, for whom the remembrance of ‘Āshūrā’ is a central pillar of ritual practice and an embodiment of piety.
EEMCO Guidance for the Assessment of Transepidermal Water Loss in Cosmetic Sciences (2001)

Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), based on the estimation of the water vapour gradient in an open chamber, is being used to support claims of cosmetics including product mildness, reduction in irritative skin reactions, skin hydration, skin repair, protective effect against UV damage and others. TEWL measurement can also screen ingredients that have a beneficial effect on the barrier function and offer the possibility to monitor in vivo, on human skin, the effect of topical treatment in an objective and non-invasive way. A high number of variables affecting TEWL measurements have been identified. These should be rigorously taken into consideration. To work under standardised conditions is of the utmost importance to obtain reliable and reproducible results.
Hormone Replacement Therapy with Estrogen or Estrogen plus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Is Associated with Increased Epithelial Proliferation in the Normal Postmenopausal Breast1 (1999)

The relative effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen alone vs. estrogen+progestin on breast cell proliferation and on breast cancer risk are controversial. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out to examine the proliferative effects of HRT with estrogen or estrogen plus the progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in breast tissue of postmenopausal women. Benign breast biopsies from 86 postmenopausal women were analyzed with antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) and Ki67 antibodies to measure relative levels of cell proliferation. Epithelial density and estrogen and progesterone receptor status were also determined. The women were categorized either as users of: 1) estrogen (E) alone; 2) estrogen+medroxyprogesterone acetate (E+P); or 3) no HRT. Compared with no HRT, the breast epithelium of women who had received either E+P or E alone had significantly higher PCNA proliferation indices, and treatment with E+P had a significantly higher index (PCNA and Ki67) than treatment with E alone. Breast epithelial density was significantly greater in postmenopausal women treated with E and E+P, compared with no HRT. Thus, the present study shows that postmenopausal HRT with E+P was associated with greater breast epithelial cell proliferation and breast epithelial cell density than E alone or no HRT. Furthermore, with E+P, breast proliferation was localized to the terminal duct-lobular unit of the breast, which is the site of development of most breast cancers. Further studies are needed to assess the possible association between the mitogenic activity of progestins and breast cancer risk.
Discrete-time wavelet transforms and their generalizations (2002)

Based on the continuous-time wavelet transforms, transforms for the expansion of discrete-time signals are derived. Biorthogonal discrete wavelet expansions are exactly implemented in critically sampled quadrature mirror filter banks. Scale-variant pseudowavelet transforms are defined as a natural generalization. Lattice parametrization of both finite- and infinite-response quadrature mirror filters leads to efficient implementations of orthogonal discrete wavelet transforms and allows for optimization techniques for the choice of basis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Fully Isolated Delta-Sigma ADC for Shunt Based Current Sensing (2016)

This paper presents the world's first reported chip-level 5 kVrms isolated delta-sigma ADC architecture which realizes isolation in both the power and signal domains. The compact IC package contains an integrated isolated power converter which includes an on-chip transformer, oscillator and rectifier, three delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters, a voltage reference, a temperature transducer, on-chip data transformers, and a controller/communication chip. Because it includes all of the isolation units within the same package, no PCB level isolation components are needed. This solution displaces the need for isolation using opto-couplers or costly, bulky and frequency dependent current transformers, and enables lower cost shunt resistor based current sensing applications such as domestic and industrial energy monitoring. It also enables new portable current sensing applications where high voltage isolation is required. The system-in-package (SIP) draws 12.5 mA from a 3.3 V supply and achieves 74.4 dBFS SNDR and 80.8 dBFS SFDR in a bandwidth of 3.3 kHz. It achieves an insulation voltage rating of 400 Vrms continuous and 5 kVrms over a 1 minute duration.
Direct stimulation of apoptotic signaling by soluble Apo2l/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand leads to selective killing of glioma cells. (2001)

Apo2 ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family that interacts with cell surface "death receptors" (DR4 and DR5) to initiate programmed cell death. Apo2L/TRAIL also binds to "decoy" receptors (DcR1 and DcR2) that can antagonize its interaction with DR4 and DR5. In recent studies, Apo2L/TRAIL has been noted to produce selective toxicity toward certain neoplastic cells versus normal cells. The decoy receptors may in part contribute to this selectivity, because they are expressed in various normal tissues but are present at low or undetectable levels in certain types of neoplastic cells. In the current study, we examined the potential therapeutic applicability of recombinant soluble Apo2L/TRAIL by investigating its effects in vitro and in vivo against a series of cell lines derived from malignant gliomas, which are often resistant to conventional treatment modalities. In cell proliferation assays, Apo2L/TRAIL produced a striking decrease in cell numbers, with a median inhibitory concentration of 30-100 ng/ml, in the TP53 wild-type high-grade glioma cell lines U87 and A172, the TP53-mutated T98G, and the TP53-deleted LN-Z308. In contrast, no significant effects were observed in non-neoplastic astrocytes at concentrations up to 3000 ng/ml. Clonogenic assays showed that exposure to Apo2L produced a time-dependent decrease in the viability of glioma-derived cell lines. This correlated with the induction of apoptosis as assessed by a terminal transferase-catalyzed in situ end-labeling assay. Pretreatment of the cells with the caspase inhibitors Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-L-aspartic acid aldehyde or Acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chlormethylketone (200 microM) largely eliminated the effects of Apo2L/TRAIL. Administration of Apo2L/TRAIL (0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days via i.p. infusion) to nude mice harboring established intracranial U87 xenografts produced a significant, dose-dependent prolongation of survival versus control animals. Survival in the control group was 27 +/- 1.7 days, compared with more than 50 days in each of the treatment groups (P < 0.001). At the 30 mg/kg dose level, 100% of animals survived for 120 days without evidence of tumor, a substantial improvement in comparison with lower dose levels (P < 0.01). No overt toxicity was apparent even at the highest Apo2L dose. We conclude that soluble Apo2L/TRAIL is effective in inducing apoptosis in high-grade glioma cells in vitro. Because this ligand appears to exhibit selective cytotoxicity for glioma cells versus non-neoplastic cells in vitro and demonstrates significant activity in vivo when administered systemically in an otherwise uniformly fatal central nervous system glioma model system, Apo2L may constitute a useful therapeutic agent for these challenging tumors.
Study of a Uniplanar Monopole Antenna for Passive Chipless UWB-RFID Localization System (2009)

The principle of a passive chipless ultrawideband-enabled radio-frequency identification (UWB-RFID) and localization system is firstly introduced. A uniplanar monopole antenna with a size of only 23 × 23 × 0.508 mm is then designed. Six passive chipless tags based on the antenna structure are subsequently developed for the system application. The backscattering characteristics of the tags are theoretically and experimentally studied in both the frequency and time domain. Following that, a simple receiver structure is proposed to simultaneously identify these tags and find their ranges. Results show that the proposed tags are excellent candidates for passive chipless UWB-RFID localization system applications.
Energy storage for solar air conditioning applications utilizing a form-stable, high density polyethylene pellet bed (2023)

The results obtained from a cost-effectiveness comparison of three different methods of crosslinking high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to make it a form-stable, useful thermal energy storage (TES) material are presented in some detail. In addition, the projected costs of a proposed HDPE-liquid thermal transfer system are compared to those of other liquid and air thermal transfer TES systems operative in the same 100 to 150/sup 0/C range. (MHR)
Conservative and dissipative tip-sample interaction forces probed with dynamic AFM (1999)

The conservative and dissipative forces between tip and sample of a dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) were investigated using a combination of computer simulations and experimental AFM data obtained by the frequency modulation technique. In this way it became possible to reconstruct complete force versus distance curves and damping coefficient versus distance curves from experimental data without using fit parameters for the interaction force and without using analytical interaction models. A comparison with analytical approaches is given and a way to determine a damping coefficient curve from experimental data is proposed. The results include the determination of the first point of repulsive contact of a vibrating tip when approaching a sample. The capability of quantifying the tip-sample interaction is demonstrated using experimental data obtained with a silicon tip and a mica sample in UHV.