gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Keyword Extraction from Individual Documents (2010)

Keywords are widely used to define queries within information retrieval (IR) systems as they are easy to define, revise, remember, and share. This chapter describes the rapid automatic keyword extraction (RAKE), an unsupervised, domain-independent, and language-independent method for extracting keywords from individual documents. It provides details of the algorithm and its configuration parameters, and present results on a benchmark dataset of technical abstracts, showing that RAKE is more computationally efficient than TextRank while achieving higher precision and comparable recall scores. The chapter then describes a novel method for generating stoplists, which is used to configure RAKE for specific domains and corpora. Finally, it applies RAKE to a corpus of news articles and defines metrics for evaluating the exclusivity, essentiality, and generality of extracted keywords, enabling a system to identify keywords that are essential or general to documents in the absence of manual annotations. Controlled Vocabulary Terms benchmark polls
Detection and Functionalization of Dendrimers Possessing Free Carboxylic Acid Moieties (1997)

9-Anthryldiazomethane (2) was used to detect the presence of unreacted internal carboxylic acid moieties in amide-based dendrimers. This esterification procedure is a simple method to qualitatively analyze the dendritic homogeneous and heterogeneous structural integrity.
Design of electrodes for pulse volume measurement/impedance plethysmography (2002)

This paper will provide information about research for the development of medical electrodes to be used with a plethysmography device. The research included the consideration of human factors, manufacturability, electrical characteristics and ease of use of the product.
Plasmid rescue from transgenic mouse DNA using LacI repressor protein conjugated to magnetic beads. (1993)

A method for the efficient rescue of lac operator containing plasmids from transgenic mouse genomic DNA is described. The method is based on the high affinity of the LacI repressor protein for the lac operator sequence. Using the LacI repressor protein conjugated to magnetic beads, more than 95% of plasmid sequences could be purified from restriction enzyme digested genomic DNA. After circularization, the plasmids were introduced into Escherichia coli by means of electroporation. Since the plasmid was cloned into a bacteriophage lambda vector, the efficiency of plasmid rescue could easily be compared with in vitro packaging. Our results indicate that plasmid rescue is about 25 times more efficient. Application of this method should be especially useful with transgenic mouse models harboring LacZ plasmid shuttle vectors for studying spontaneous or induced mutations in vivo.
Power Combining Tunnel Diode Oscillators using Metamaterial Transmission Line at Infinite Wavelength Frequency (2006)

This paper presents power combining methods for tunnel diode oscillators using the infinite wavelength phenomenon observed in composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial lines. At this frequency, the electrical length of the transmission line is zero degrees corresponding to an infinitely long wavelength. The first combining scheme uses a series combiner composed of zero degree lines. Each oscillator output port is connected directly to the line and combined in-phase. This circuit is able to equally combine the power in phase regardless of the position and the number of ports along the CRLH transmission line (TL). It is also possible to mode lock the different oscillating modes together through nonlinear interactions among the mode fields (York and Compton, 1991). In the second approach a section of zero degree transmission line was used to implement a stationary wave resonator where the wave amplitude and phase are constant along the line. In this case the oscillators are loosely coupled to the resonator. The resonant characteristics are used to reduce the combine oscillator phase noise. A maximum power combining efficiency of 131% is obtained with the zero <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order resonator with 2 tunnel diodes oscillators at 2 GHz
Speaker clustering and transformation for speaker adaptation in large-vocabulary speech recognition systems (2002)

A speaker adaptation strategy is described that is based on finding a subset of speakers, from the training set, who are acoustically close to the test speaker, and using only the data from these speakers (rather than the complete training corpus) to re-estimate the system parameters. Further, a linear transformation is computed for every one of the selected training speakers to better map the training speaker's data to the test speaker's acoustic space. Finally, the system parameters (Gaussian means) are re-estimated specifically for the test speaker using the transformed data from the selected training speakers. Experiments showed that this scheme is capable of reducing the error rate by 10-15% with the use of as little as 3 sentences of adaptation data.
A 12-b 10-GS/s Interleaved Pipeline ADC in 28-nm CMOS Technology (2017)

A 12-bit 10-GS/s interleaved (IL) pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is described in this paper. The ADC achieves a signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 55 dB and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 66 dB with a 4-GHz input signal, is fabricated in the 28-nm CMOS technology, and dissipates 2.9 W. Eight pipeline sub-ADCs are interleaved to achieve 10-GS/s sample rate, and mismatches between sub-ADCs are calibrated in the background. The pipeline sub-ADCs employ a variety of techniques to lower power, like avoiding a dedicated sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA-less), residue scaling, flash background calibration, dithering and inter-stage gain error background calibration. A push-pull input buffer optimized for high-frequency linearity drives the interleaved sub-ADCs to enable >7-GHz bandwidth. A fast turn-ON bootstrapped switch enables 100-ps sampling. The ADC also includes the ability to randomize the sub-ADC selection pattern to further reduce residual interleaving spurs.
Left ventricle segmentation by dynamic shape constrained random walks (2014)

Accurate and robust extraction of the left ventricle (LV) cavity is a key step for quantitative analysis of cardiac functions. In this study, we propose an improved LV cavity segmentation method that incorporates a dynamic shape constraint into the weighting function of the random walks algorithm. The method involves an iterative process that updates an intermediate result to the desired solution. The shape constraint restricts the solution space of the segmentation result, such that the robustness of the algorithm is increased to handle misleading information that emanates from noise, weak boundaries, and clutter. Our experiments on real cardiac magnetic resonance images demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better segmentation performance than standard method.
The Effects of a Botanical Blend on Post-Exercise Mucosal Antimicrobial Proteins (2018)

Exercise is a stressor that is known to in some cases suppress antimicrobial protein levels, particularly secretory immunoglobulin type A (IgA).&nbsp; Athletes in the midst of in-season training often demonstrate declining levels of sIgA as well as increased risk for ailments such as upper respiratory tract infections.&nbsp; Therefore, it is important to investigate natural supplements that may enhance post exercise mucosal immune function. Methods:&nbsp; Twenty healthy college-aged males volunteered to participate in the present single blind, repeated measures study.&nbsp; Three treatments were administered (botanical spray, botanical drops, placebo) at the onset of 30 minutes of 80% VO2 max cycle ergometer exercise.&nbsp; Secretory IgA and Human Alpha Defensin were quantified in saliva samples 30 minutes and 90 minutes post exercise.&nbsp; Results:&nbsp; Analysis via repeated measures Anova revealed a significant treatment effect at 30 min (p=0.030) with post hoc testing revealing a difference between the botanical spray and placebo (p=0.027), but by 90 minutes there was no differences by treatment (p=0.758).&nbsp; There was no difference by treatment observed at either 30 or 90 minutes for human alpha defensin concentrations. Conclusions: &nbsp;Based upon these preliminary data, it appears that a single dose of the tested botanical blend delivered via mouth spray can increase sIgA, one of the primary anti-microbial proteins in the oral cavity, for a short time post exercise.
Flight tests of a hybrid-centered integrated 3D perspective-view primary flight display (2006)

This paper describes flight tests of a Honeywell Synthetic Vision System (SVS) prototype operating in a hybrid-centered mode on a Primus Epic<sup>TM</sup> large format display. This novel hybrid mode effectively resolves some cognitive and perceptual human factors issues associated with traditional heading-up or track-up display modes. By integrating synthetic 3D perspective view with advanced Head-Up Display (HUD) symbology in this mode, the test results demonstrate that the hybrid display mode provides clear indications of current track and crab conditions, and is effective in overcoming flight guidance symbology collision and resultant ambiguity. The hybrid-centering SVS display concept is shown to be effective in all phases of flight and is particularly valuable during landing operations with a strong cross-wind. The recorded flight test data from Honeywell's prototype SVS concept at Reno, Nevada on board Honeywell Citation V aircraft will be discussed.
An adaptive array antenna with no phase calibration for cdma2000 reverse link (2002)

In this paper, we present an inexpensive smart antenna algorithm for a 3/sup rd/ generation code division multiple access (CDMA) system, e.g., cdma2000. Our algorithm can track the total input phase including the direction of arrival angle (DOA) from the desired user and fading phase at each antenna element. As a result, the channel estimation is not required. Furthermore, the phase distortion due to the radio frequency (RF) mixer in each antenna element is compensated automatically by our algorithm. Thus, the phase calibration is not necessary in our smart antenna algorithm if only the reverse link demodulation is concerned. The proposed algorithm is obtained by modifying the normalized least mean square (N-LMS) adaptive filter.
The modification of polysulfone by metalation (1988)

Chemical modification of aromatic polysulfones by sulfonation and chloromethylation provides polymers with functional groups which make them more versatile as membrane materials. Lithiation has been employed in the modification of polystyrene, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)ether, polyvinylthiophene, and styrene-sulfur dioxide copolymers, but has not been investigated as a method of modification of polysulfone. Polysulfone possesses aryl sulfone groups in the structure which strongly activate towards ortho-lithiation as previous studies on simple diphenyl-sulfones have shown, making this polymer a particularly suitable substrate. A recent paper concerning the preparation of carboxyl containing polysulfone by room temperature lithiation prompts us to disclose our own related work on the subject. Our studies of changes in membrane characteristics brought about by various types of functional groups led to the development of this versatile modification approach in which a diverse range of substituted polymers are attainable. In this letter, the position and degree of lithiation was examined by 1H-NMR spectral analysis of two simple derivatives.
Surface-Grafted Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Protein Recognition (2001)

A technique for coating microplate wells with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) specific for proteins is presented. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid was polymerized in the presence of the following templates: microperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and hemoglobin, via oxidation of the monomer by ammonium persulfate. This process resulted in the grafting of a thin polymer layer to the polystyrene surface of the microplates. Imprinting resulted in an increased affinity of the polymer toward the corresponding templates. The influence of the washing procedure, template concentration, and buffer pH on the polymer affinity was analyzed. It was shown that the stabilizing function of the support and spatial orientation of the polymer chains and template functional groups are the major factors affecting the imprint formation and template recognition. Easy preparation of the MIPs, their high stability, and their ability to recognize small and large proteins, as well as to discriminate molecules with small variations in charge, make this approach attractive and broadly applicable in biotechnology, assays and sensors.
Twisted tabulation hashing (2013)

We introduce a new tabulation-based hashing scheme called twisted tabulation. It is essentially as simple and fast as simple tabulation, but has some powerful distributional properties illustrating its promise:(1) If we sample keys with arbitrary probabilities, then with high probability, the number of samples inside any subset is concentrated exponentially. With bounded independence we only get polynomial concentration, and with simple tabulation, we have no good bound even in the basic case of tossing an (unbiased) coin for each key.(2) With classic hash tables such as linear probing and collision-chaining, a window of B operations takes O(B) time with high probability, for B = Ω(lg n). Good amortized performance over any window of size B is equivalent to guaranteed throughput for an on-line system processing a stream via a buffer of size B (e.g., Internet routers).
Noninvasive acoustical detection of coronary artery disease: a comparative study of signal processing methods (1993)

Previous studies have indicated heart sounds may contain information useful in the detection of occluded coronary arteries. During diastole, coronary blood flow is maximum, and the sounds associated with turbulent blood flow through partially occluded coronary arteries should be detectable. In order to detect such sounds, recordings of diastolic heart sound segments were analyzed by using four signal processing techniques; the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the Autoregressive (AR), the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), and the Minimum-Norm (Eigen-vector) methods. To further enhance the diastolic heart sounds and reduce background noise, an Adaptive filter was used as a preprocessor. The power ratios of the FFT method and the poles of the AR, ARMA, and Eigen-vector methods were used to diagnose patients as diseased or normal arteries using a blind protocol without prior knowledge of the actual disease states of the patients to guard against human bias. Results showed that normal and abnormal records were correctly distinguished in 56 of 80 cases using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), in 63 of 80 cases using the AR, in 62 of 80 cases using the ARMA method, and in 67 of 80 cases using the Eigenvector method. Among all four methods, the Eigenvector methods showed the best diagnostic performance when compared with the FFT, AR, and ARMA methods. These results confirm that high frequency acoustic energy between 300 and 800 Hz is associated with coronary stenosis.
Thermal Select MRAM with a 2-bit Cell Capability for beyond 65 nm Technology Node (2006)

We report on a novel thermal select (TS) MRAM with multilevel programming capability. Exchange bias pinning of a magnetic free layer (FL) was used to achieve a thermally stable bit and to reduce writing currents. This report shows experimental data for a TS-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a size of 50 times90 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the smallest size reported so far. Multilevel capability with 2 bits per 1-transistor and 1-MTJ (1T1MTJ) is also demonstrated on a 70 times 140 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> MTJ. With the advanced 2-bit cell concept, a 70% increase in effective bit density can be achieved at 65 nm technology node
Rollover Roof Test Results for a Production Vehicle (2004)

We have described the Jordan Rollover System (JRS), a dynamic rollover test fixture, in previous reports (Friedman and Nash 2002 and Friedman et al., 2003). The JRS addresses the shortcomings — lack of repeatability and control over test conditions — of previous rollover tests and test devices including various static, drop, and dynamic roll tests. The JRS is designed to emulate specific roof impacts in actual multiple rollovers in a highly repeatable, controlled test. The JRS holds a passenger compartment at the desired pitch and yaw between two drop towers. The vehicle is rotated about its roll axis and, at the appropriate time, the front end is dropped to contact a moving roadway at a prescribed road speed; roll rate; drop height; and roll, pitch and yaw angles. Vehicle parameters can be changed and anthropomorphic crash test dummies added depending upon the variables being tested. We have conducted tests with production vehicles illustrating the performance of production roofs under controlled test situations and at varying strength-to-weight ratios. One such test is described here.
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with double barrier and single or synthetic antiferromagnetic storage layer (2015)

The magnetic properties of double tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy were investigated. Two synthetic antiferromagnetic references are used, while the middle storage magnetic layer can be either a single ferromagnetic or a synthetic antiferromagnetic FeCoB-based layer, with a critical thickness as large as 3.0 nm. Among the different achievable magnetic configurations in zero field, those with either antiparallel references, and single ferromagnetic storage layer, or parallel references, and synthetic antiferromagnetic storage layer, are of particular interest since they allow increasing the efficiency of spin transfer torque writing and the thermal stability of the stored information as compared to single tunnel junctions. The latter configuration can be preferred when stray fields would favour a parallel orientation of the reference layers. In this case, the synthetic antiferromagnetic storage layer is also less sensitive to residual stray fields.
Third Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States (2014)

To the Editor: In April 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first reported (1). Since PEDV was detected, the virus has continued to spread throughout the United States and has now been reported in Mexico and Canada (2). PEDV was first reported in Europe in the 1970s and was later reported in Asia during the 1980s (3,4). PEDV outbreaks in Asia were more acute and severe than the PEDV outbreaks in Europe (4). In 2010, an increase, up to 100%, in illness and deaths in piglets was reported in China associated with PEDV infection (4-6). The original North American PEDV strains identified in 2013 caused severe illness and deaths in piglets and had a 99.5% nucleotide identity with Chinese strain AH2012 (1,7,8).
Multi‐echo acquisition of MR angiography and venography of the brain at 3 Tesla (2009)

Multi-echo acquisition of MR angiography and venography demonstrated improved visibility of venous vasculature especially in regions with severe field inhomogeneity compared with conventional acquisition of SWI and dual-echo acquisition of MR angiography and venography.
The Local Mixing Problem (2006)

Abstract — The presence of broadcast channels renders network coding particularly useful. For example, a single broadcast transmission of a proper mixture packet may simultaneously present useful information to multiple nodes. Motivated by the practical application of network coding in wireless networks, this paper formulates a local mixing problem: A source node has a set of mutually independent sources; each source is available at a subset of neighbors and needs to be transferred to another subset of neighbors; the problem is to characterize the admissible rate region, i.e., the set of channel rate allocations that can fulfill the traffic demand. This paper establishes that under the constraint that each neighbor decodes only from received symbols that are functions of sources that the node can eventually recover, the admissible rate region can be characterized by a set of linear constraints and linear mixing is optimal. I.
4D electron imaging: principles and perspectives (2008)

In this perspective we highlight developments and concepts in the field of 4D electron imaging. With spatial and temporal resolutions reaching the picometer and femtosecond, respectively, the field is now embracing ultrafast electron diffraction, crystallography and microscopy. Here, we overview the principles involved in the direct visualization of structural dynamics with applications in chemistry, materials science and biology. The examples include the studies of complex isolated chemical reactions, phase transitions and cellular structures. We conclude with an outlook on the potential of the approach and with some questions that may define new frontiers of research.
Transforming Growth Factor-β–Stimulated Clone-22 Is an Androgen-Regulated Gene That Enhances Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer following Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibition (2009)

PURPOSE: Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling using the human IGF-I receptor monoclonal antibody A12 is most effective at inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer xenografts in the presence of androgen. We undertook this study to determine mechanisms for increased apoptosis by A12 in the presence of androgens. Experimental Methods: The castrate-resistant human xenograft LuCaP 35 V was implanted into intact or castrate severe combined immunodeficient mice and treated with A12 weekly. After 6 weeks of tumor growth, animals were sacrificed and tumors were removed and analyzed for cell cycle distribution/apoptosis and cDNA arrays were done. RESULTS: In castrate mice, the tumors were delayed in G(2) with no apoptosis; in contrast, tumors from intact mice underwent apoptosis with either G(1) or G(2) delay. Transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22) was significantly elevated in tumors from the intact mice compared with castrate mice, especially in those tumors with the highest levels of apoptosis. To further determine the function of TSC-22, we transfected various human prostate cancer cell lines with a plasmid expressing TSC-22. Cell lines overexpressing TSC-22 showed an increase in apoptosis and a delay in G(1). When these cell lines were placed subcutaneously in athymic nude mice, a decreased number of animals formed tumors and the rate of tumor growth was decreased compared with control tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that IGF-I receptor inhibition in the presence of androgen has an enhanced effect on decreasing tumor growth, in part, through increased expression of the tumor suppressor gene TSC-22. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7634-41).
At-Speed Transition Fault Testing With Low Speed Scan Enable (2005)

With today's design size in millions of gates and working frequency in gigahertz range, at-speed test is crucial. The launch-off-shift method has several advantages over the launch-off-capture but imposes strict requirements on transition fault testing due to at-speed scan enable signal. A novel scan-based at-speed test is proposed which generates multiple local fast scan enable signals. The scan enable control information is encapsulated in the test data and transferred during the scan operation. A new scan cell, referred to as last transition generator (LTG), is inserted in the scan chains to generate the fast local scan enable signal. The proposed technique is robust, practice-oriented and suitable for use in an industrial flow.