gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microrobotic platform with integrated force sensing microgrippers for characterization of fibrous materials: Case study on individual paper fibers (2015)

Mechanical characterization of micro-scale fibrous materials determines the key parameters which affect the quality of products such as composites, textile and paper. The current laboratory tests are mainly based on bulk measurements. This thesis introduces a microrobotic platform to handle and to characterize micro-scale fibers (MF), with the dimensions of few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers, at individual fiber level. The platform facilitates handling and specimen preparation of micro-scale fibrous material. A major challenge in mechanical characterization of MF is lack of proper force sensing microgrippers in the market. MF do not need a lot of force to manipulate, but their ultimate tensile strength is high and relatively large forces are required to perform a micro-tensile test. In this thesis, three force sensing microgrippers are developed and they are integrated into the mentioned microrobotic platform. Two of them are developed to measure the bonding forces between individual pulp fibers, normal to the bonded area (Z-direction) and parallel to the bonded area (shear-mode). Their force sensing solution is based on bending polyvinylidene ﬂuoride (PVDF) films and their force range is up to 10mN. The third one, with the force range of 20mN, is developed to perform micro-tensile tests on MF. It uses a microspring and a magnetic encoder to measure the force. The force range of this force sensing microgripper can easily be increased by changing its microspring to a stiffer one. This feature makes the proposed force sensing approach adaptable to a wide range of MF. Even though pulp and paper fibers are used as a case study in this thesis, the applications of microrobotic solutions presented here are not limited to pulp and paper fibers for the following reason: pulp and paper fibers are natural fibers with random morphology, therefore if a microrobotic solution is capable of handling these morphologically challenging fibers, it is easily adaptable to synthetic fibers which have uniform morphology. The prototypes of all three force sensing microgrippers are calibrated and their performance are validated.
Review and Design of UWB Transmitter and Receiver (2013)

Impulse radio communication systems and impulse radars both utilizes very short pulses in transmission that results in an ultra-wideband spectrum.This paper discusses the various techniques for transmission of the UWB impulses and also some receiver techniques.Also the design consideration for THSS-UWB transmitter using Matlab Simulink block is presented.
Beam Deflection Monitoring Based on a Genetic Algorithm Using Lidar Data (2020)

The Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) system has become a prominent tool in structural health monitoring. Among such systems, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a potential technology for the acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) information to assess structural health conditions. This paper enhances the application of TLS to damage detection and shape change analysis for structural element specimens. Specifically, estimating the deflection of a structural element with the aid of a Lidar system is introduced in this study. The proposed approach was validated by an indoor experiment by inducing artificial deflection on a simply supported beam. A robust genetic algorithm method is utilized to enhance the accuracy level of measuring deflection using lidar data. The proposed research primarily covers robust optimization of a genetic algorithm control parameter using the Taguchi experiment design. Once the acquired data is defined in terms of plane, which has minimum error, using a genetic algorithm and the deflection of the specimen can be extracted from the shape change analysis.
Precursor-surface interactions revealed during plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of metal oxide thin films by in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (2020)

We find that a five-phase (substrate, mixed native oxide and roughness interface layer, metal oxide thin film layer, surface ligand layer, ambient) model with two-dynamic (metal oxide thin film layer thickness and surface ligand layer void fraction) parameters (dynamic dual box model) is sufficient to explain in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry data measured within and across multiple cycles during plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of metal oxide thin films. We demonstrate our dynamic dual box model for analysis of in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry data in the photon energy range of 0.7-3.4 eV measured with time resolution of few seconds over large numbers of cycles during the growth of titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) thin films, as examples. We observe cyclic surface roughening with fast kinetics and subsequent roughness reduction with slow kinetics, upon cyclic exposure to precursor materials, leading to oscillations of the metal thin film thickness with small but positive growth per cycle. We explain the cyclic surface roughening by precursor-surface interactions leading to defect creation, and subsequent surface restructuring. Atomic force microscopic images before and after growth, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction investigations confirm structural and chemical properties of our thin films. Our proposed dynamic dual box model may be generally applicable to monitor and control metal oxide growth in atomic layer deposition, and we include data for SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as further examples.
[Retracted] An ML‐Enabled Internet of Things Framework for Early Detection of Heart Disease (2022)

Healthcare occupies a central role in sustainable societies and has an undeniable impact on the well-being of individuals. However, over the years, various diseases have adversely affected the growth and sustainability of these societies. Among them, heart disease is escalating rapidly in both economically settled and undeveloped nations and leads to fatalities around the globe. To reduce the death ratio caused by this disease, there is a need for a framework to continuously monitor a patient's heart status, essentially doing early detection and prediction of heart disease. This paper proposes a scalable Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things-(IoT-) based three-layer architecture to store and process a large amount of clinical data continuously, which is needed for the early detection and monitoring of heart disease. Layer 1 of the proposed framework is used to collect data from IoT wearable/implanted smart sensor nodes, which includes various physiological measures that have significant impact on the deterioration of heart status. Layer 2 stores and processes the patient data on a local web server using various ML classification algorithms. Finally, Layer 3 is used to store the critical data of patients on the cloud. The doctor and other caregivers can access the patient health conditions via an android application, provide services to the patient, and inhibit him/her from further damage. Various performance evaluation measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-measure, MCC-score, and ROC curve are used to check the efficiency of our proposed IoT-based heart disease prediction framework. It is anticipated that this system will assist the healthcare sector and the doctors in diagnosing heart patients in the initial phases.
Scatter factor (hepatocyte growth factor) is a potent angiogenesis factor in vivo. (1993)

Scatter factor (SF), a fibroblast-derived cytokine characterized by its ability to convert non-motile epithelial cells to a motile fibroblast-like phenotype, is identical to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a broad-spectrum mitogen. SF is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that is homologous to plasminogen and other blood coagulation proteases but lacks proteolytic activity. Its receptor is the c-met proto-oncogene product, a growth factor receptor-like transmembrane tyrosine kinase. This unique cytokine is also synthesized and secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells and acts on endothelial cells to stimulate migration, protease production, invasion, proliferation, and differentiation into capillary-like tubes in vitro. SF-containing implants in mouse subcutaneous tissue and rat cornea induce directed ingrowth of new blood vessels from surrounding tissue, with maximal angiogenic responses at doses of 100-200 ng of SF. Immunoreactive SF is expressed at sites of neovascularization within human psoriatic plaques. These findings suggest that SF may play a significant role in the formation and repair of blood vessels under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Amide‐Forming Ligation of Acyltrifluoroborates and Hydroxylamines in Water (2012)

Come together, right now: Acyltrifluoroborates and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines come together to form amides in water (see scheme). The ligations are complete within minutes at room temperature and do not require any reagents or catalysts. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and tolerates unprotected functional groups. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preparation of ordered and crosslinked films from liquid crystalline vinyl ether monomers (1994)

Abstract Thermally stable ordered films were prepared by in‐situ photopolymerization of an oriented monomer mixture, consisting of mesogenic monofunctional and bifunctional vinyl ethers. Orientation was achieved by a simple surface treatment, using an unidirectionally rubbed polyimide film. The films restored their orientation when cooled down from temperatures of 200°C. Highly ordered densely crosslinked films have been prepared by polymerization of bifunctional mesogenic vinyl ether monomers. Polymerization from various monomer phases resulted in LC polymer network films with different molecular organizations. It was shown that films with nematic, smectic A and smectic B structures were obtained, the latter having a very high degree of orientation. The films were analyzed with small‐angle X‐ray scattering, polarized light microscopy and infrared‐ dichroism measurements.
Intelligent high-volume text processing using shallow, domain-specific techniques (1992)

The GLI1 oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor gene function in an inhibitory loop that controls stem cell and tumor cell numbers. Since GLI1 and p53 both interact with the coactivator TATA Binding Protein Associated Factor 9 (TAF9), we hypothesized that competition between these transcription factors for TAF9 in cancer cells may contribute to the inhibitory loop and directly affect GLI1 function and cellular phenotype. We showed that TAF9 interacts with the oncogenic GLI family members GLI1 and GLI2 but not GLI3 in cell-free pull-down assays and with GLI1 in rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. Removal of the TAF9-binding acidic alpha helical transactivation domain of GLI1 produced a significant reduction in the ability of GLI1 to transform cells. We then introduced a point mutation into GLI1 (L1052I) that eliminates TAF9 binding and a point mutation into GLI3 (I1510L) that establishes binding. Wild-type and mutant GLI proteins that bind TAF9 showed enhanced transactivating and cell transforming activity compared with those that did not. Therefore, GLI-TAF9 binding appears important for oncogenic activity. We then determined whether wild-type p53 down-regulates GLI function by sequestering TAF9. We showed that p53 binds TAF9 with greater affinity than does GLI1 and that co-expression of p53 with GLI1 or GLI2 down-regulated GLI-induced transactivation, which could be abrogated using mutant forms of GLI1 or p53. This suggests that p53 sequesters TAF9 from GLI1, which may contribute to inhibition of GLI1 activity by p53 and potentially impact therapeutic success of agents targeting GLI-TAF9 interactions in cancer.
Face Recognition using new image representations (2009)

This paper presents a novel face recognition method by using the new image representations. While the commonly used gray-scale image is derived from the linear combination of R, G, and B color component images, the new image representations are derived from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) tranform upon the hybrid configurations of different color component images. Compared to the correlated color space RGB, the correlations in other configurations of color components (such as RCrQ, YIQ, YCbQ, and so on) are reduced and hence the diversities among their misclassification outputs are enhanced. The new image representations, which inherit advantages from all the individual color components, are thus more invariable than the gray-scale image to the image variations for the face recognition task. Furthermore, we propose to encode the facial information from the new image representations by using an effective Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature extraction method, which extracts and fuses the multi-resolution LBP features. Finally, the resulting LBP features undergo the Fisher discriminant analysis for face recognition. The most challenging Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) version 2 Experiment 4 shows the proposed method, which achieves the face verification rate of 83.41% at the false accept rate of 0.1%, performs better than some recent face recognition methods.
Segmenting broadcast news streams using lexical chains (2002)

In this paper we propose a course-grained NLP approach to text segmentation based on the\nanalysis of lexical cohesion within text. Most work in this area has focused on the discovery of textual\nunits that discuss subtopic structure within documents. In contrast our segmentation task requires the discovery of topical units of text i.e. distinct news stories from broadcast news programmes. Our system SeLeCT first builds a set of lexical chains, in order to model the discourse structure of the text. A boundary detector is then used to search for breaking points in this structure indicated by patterns of cohesive strength and weakness within the text. We evaluate this technique on a test set of concatenated CNN news story transcripts and compare it with an established statistical approach to segmentation called TextTiling.
Analysis and Study of Multi-Symbol Encapsulated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (2010)

A secured communication with the least distortion and the least interference is the utmost requirement of the new-age wireless communication system. Various methods have been implemented to achieve a near-secure communication. But taking into consideration the multipath fading, inter-symbol interference, and the various fading and distortion factors, this condition is rarely achieved. So, with the available channel conditions and provided bandwidth for the exchange of information, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been found out to be the best option available for transmitting the maximum data possible through the channel. Though OFDM is very efficient in dealing with multi-path and intersymbol interference, it is very sensitive to frequency offset and Doppler shift as well as having high peak-to-average-power (PAPR) ratio. This makes the purpose of effective data communication incomplete. A recent modification of OFDM- multisymbol encapsulated OFDM can be used to neutralize all these disadvantages of OFDM and improve the performance of a wireless transmission system. This paper analyses the basic idea of OFDM and draws a conclusive statement about the advantages and disadvantages of OFDM. This paper also aims at discussing the new technology: MSE-OFDM as an improvement over OFDM with its simulated results and practical advantages.
A Decision Aid for Assessing the Likelihood of Fraudulent Financial Reporting (2000)

The auditor's responsibility for detecting fraudulent financial reporting is of continuing importance to both the profession and society. The Auditing Standards Board has recently issued SAS No. 82, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, which makes the auditor's responsibility for the detection of material fraud more explicit without increasing the level of responsibility. Using a sample of 77 fraud engagements and 305 nonfraud engagements, we develop and test a logistic regression model that estimates the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting for an audit client, conditioned on the presence or absence of several fraud-risk factors. The significant risk factors included in the final model are: weak internal control environment, rapid company growth, inadequate or inconsistent relative profitability, management places undue emphasis on meeting earnings projections, management lied to the auditors or was overly evasive, the ownership status (public vs. private) of the entity, and an interaction term between a weak control environment and an aggressive management attitude toward financial reporting. The logistic model was significantly more accurate than practicing auditors in assessing risk for the 77 fraud observations. There was not a significant difference between model assessments and those of practicing auditors for the sample of nonfraud cases. These findings suggest that a relatively simple decision aid performs quite well in differentiating between fraud and nonfraud observations. Practitioners might consider using this model, or one developed using a similar procedure, in fulfilling the SAS No. 82 requirement to “assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud.”
Cold-seep sediment harbors phylogenetically diverse uncultured bacteria (2004)

A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic survey was carried out on the bacterial community in cold-seep sediment at Edison Seamount, south of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from the sediment DNA by PCR and cloned. The majority of the cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences were most closely related to as-yet-uncultivated microorganisms found in deep-sea sediments, and were primarily affiliated with one of four groups: the γ-, δ-, and e-subdivisions of Proteobficteria, and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Baoteroides: We did not recover any sequences related to cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes, and α-Proteohacteria, which are known to occur in great abundance within the surface mixed layer of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The majority of the cloned γ- and e-Proteobacterial sequences were closely related to chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts of marine benthic fauna, and the δ-Proteobaclerial sequences to sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, indicating that they might play an important role in chemoautotrophic primary production and the sulfur cycle in the cold-seep area. These results demonstrate the high diversity of the bacterial community in the cold-seep sediment, and substantially expand knowledge of the extent of bacterial diversity in this formidable and unique habitat.
Synthesis of polyurethane acrylate oligomers based on polybutadiene polyol (1996)

Polyurethane acrylate oligomers (PUA) were prepared by a competitive reaction of 4,4′-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (H12MDI) with hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA). Kinetic models were established for noncatalytic and catalytic systems, and the reaction constants were calculated using a numerical method. The evolution of the noncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions were analyzed, respectively, by SEC and FTIR. Comparing the reactivities of HTPB and HEA, as well as other small molar mass model alcohols, the HTPB showed the higher reactivity. HTPB is 700 times more reactive than HEA at 80°C. This high reactivity was analyzed as a result of lower concentration of hydrogen bonds in bulk HTPB. The activation energy of the noncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions were found to be, respectively, 56.98 and 45.16 KJ/mol. The structures of the PUA synthetized in one-step or two-step process were analyzed and discussed using a gelation model and the kinetic data obtained. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An optimised waveguide to microstrip transition at K band (1996)

An improved transition from rectangular waveguide to microstrip is presented. This transition consists of a ridge waveguide transformer with the ending step extending over the microstrip and two side grooves which maintain the microstrip in its correct position, ensuring both a good electrical contact without soldering and an optimum measurement repeatability. In addition to step ridges, used for matching purposes, also the main guide is stepped in the wider side in order to obtain a single-mode operation in all sections of the transition. The transition is analysed by a full wave mode-matching method and optimised over the 17.7-19.7 GHz band. Measurements are performed in back-to-back configuration using a TRL calibration and the scattering matrix of a single transition is obtained using a de-embedding technique. Experimental results agree well with theory and measured return loss is better than 28 dB over the 16-20 GHz frequency band.
Enhanced electroluminescence using polystyrene as a matrix (2002)

Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH–PPV) blends with polystyrene (PS) were used as emitting layers in polymer light-emitting diodes. Studies of photoluminescence and electroluminescence (EL) of the blends indicate that interchain interactions were tremendously suppressed due to the dilution effect. The device of MEH–PPV/PS (50/50) shows much higher EL efficiency compared to pure MEH–PPV devices. Since there is neither energy transfer nor charge transfer involved in MEH–PPV/PS blends, the observed efficiency enhancement is mainly attributed to the suppressed interchain species, which are responsible for the low photoluminescence yields. In addition, the addition of PS into MEH–PPV improves the thermal stability of polymer thin films and reduces the sensitivity of device performance to processing conditions.
<i>Type 2</i> diabetes mellitus with pancreatic β cell dysfunction in 3 horses confirmed with minimal model analysis (2009)

T2DM should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in mature to elderly horses and ponies suffering from weight loss, polydipsia and polyuria. Clinicians should be encouraged to offer treatment and management advice when such cases are encountered.
Relevant sparse codes with variational information bottleneck (2022)

In many applications, it is desirable to extract only the relevant aspects of data. A principled way to do this is the information bottleneck (IB) method, where one seeks a code that maximizes information about a 'relevance' variable, Y, while constraining the information encoded about the original data, X. Unfortunately however, the IB method is computationally demanding when data are high-dimensional and/or non-gaussian. Here we propose an approximate variational scheme for maximizing a lower bound on the IB objective, analogous to variational EM. Using this method, we derive an IB algorithm to recover features that are both relevant and sparse. Finally, we demonstrate how kernelized versions of the algorithm can be used to address a broad range of problems with non-linear relation between X and Y.