gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Harmful Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Gyrodinium impudicum Using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fatty Acid Composition, Carotenoid Content, DNA Quantification and Gene Sequences (2001)

The massive growth of the dinoflagellate alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Korean coastal waters was first observed in 1982. Thereafter the blooms associated with massive fish kills have been occurring annually, and C. polykrikoides is now regarded a harmful red tide organism in Korea. Recently, a new chain-forming Gyrodinium impudicum , usually occurring with Cochlodinium polykrikoides , was observed. Thus, we need to identify the toxic C . polykrikoides from the non-toxic Gyrodinium impudicum . Because of a similarity in morphology, it is difficult to distinguish the two species under the light microscope. In this study, comparisons were made using fine-scale features of transverse sections and biochemical analysis including rDNA sequencing targeted ITS regions. The observation of cellular arrangement and structure by transmission electron microscopy showed a similar distribution of the main components in both species, but location of the nucleus and distribution of the chloroplasts were different. Fatty acid composition showed that the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexanoic acid was not present in Cochlodinium polykrikoides . These data suggest that fatty acid composition may be a useful biochemical indicator to distinguish the microalgae. The amount of total carotenoids in Gyrodinium impudicum was approximately 10 times higher than in Cochlodinium polykrikoides . The nuclear DNA content in Cochlodinium polykrikoides was twice as high as that in Gyrodinium impudicum ( p < 0.06). Sequence analyses coding for the 5.8S rDNA and ITS regions showed quite different nucleotide alignments with only 55% similarity, the length of the ITS regions also differed. The genetic differences between the two microalgae will allow the development of species specific DNA probes for species differentiation.
Controlled diffraction liquid-crystal structures with a photoalignment polymer (2008)

The characteristics of electric-field-controlled diffraction elements based on a nematic liquid crystal and a new photoalignment polymer have been studied. The photocross-linking of this polymer allows periodic oriented structures and liquid crystal phase gratings with a 30% diffraction efficiency in the first order to be formed.
The nature of the defect in cobalamin G mutation. (1989)

Cobalamin G mutation (cblG) typically presents as a severe megaloblastic anemia during the first few weeks of life. The anemia responds completely to treatment with high doses of Cbl but the neurologic manifestations respond more slowly and not always completely. Cultured fibroblasts from two affected infants and virus-transformed lymphoblasts from one of the infants expressed the following: poor growth in the absence of methionine, the ability to take up and internalize Cbl bound to transcobalamin II, impaired synthesis of methionine from homocysteine, the ability to bind incoming Cbl to the respective coenzymes, but an inability to synthesize methylcobalamin in spite of a normal capacity to synthesize adenosylcobalamin. The in vitro activity of the methyltransferase dependent on methylcobalamin of cell extracts varied from low to high depending on the conditions of culture and assay. The cblG cells were unusually sensitive to the concentration of adenosylmethionine in the assay. More adenosylmethionine was required by cblG cells to achieve the same level of enzyme activity as control cells and high concentrations of adenosylmethionine did not suppress activity as in control cells. It was postulated that the defect in cblG is in the metabolism of adenosylmethionine, an essential substance for the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine.
Broadband design consideration of uniplanar double-Y baluns for hybrid and monolithic integrated circuits (1999)

A network technique is developed for broadband design for performance improvement of a class of uniplanar double-Y baluns on the basis of coplanar waveguide, slotline and coplanar stripline (CPS). The developed simple technique allows for efficient optimization and broadband consideration for CPW-slotline and CPW-CPS double-Y baluns. Calculated and measured results in our work show that a flat frequency response can easily be obtained over a very broadband.
Susceptibility study of physisorbed oxygen layers on graphite (1987)

Susceptibility measurements on oxygen (${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$) physisorbed on exfoliated graphite are reported for coverages of up to \ensuremath{\rho}=3. For 0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\le}1 solidification proceeds by one first-order transition at T'\ensuremath{\simeq}25 K associated with a nearly discontinuous decrease of the susceptibility (width about \ensuremath{\Delta}T\ensuremath{\simeq}0.5 K) and a nearly \ensuremath{\delta}-like anomaly in the specific heat. For the second and higher coverages solidification spreads over a temperature interval as broad as \ensuremath{\Delta}T\ensuremath{\simeq}8 K. This more intricate solidification process is associated with a nearly linear variation of the susceptibility with temperature. We propose to identify this with a two-phase coexistence region corresponding to the \ensuremath{\theta} phase previously proposed on the basis of low-energy electron diffraction measurements. Specific-heat measurements reveal only the low-temperature limit of the solidification process. On the basis of the present measurements we are able to describe some new structures in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-graphite phase diagram which allow a more consistent view of all of the hitherto known details.
Phase Change Memory and paradigm shift to in-system programming (2010)

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has recently gained momentum in the semiconductor industry as a viable alternative to flash memory due to the fact that flash (NOR and NAND) and DRAM memory technologies are expected to encounter scaling difficulties as chip lithography shrinks, and various unique properties PCM offers. The PCM cell has been shown to scale down below 10nm as it uses the unique properties of Chalcogenide glass which can be reversibly “switched” between crystalline (low resistance) and amorphous (high resistance) states with application of heat. This unique temperature property, however, will impose a paradigm shift from off-board pre-programming to in-system programming (ISP) in the manufacturing flow. Any code needed to be stored in the PCM has to be programmed after the surface mount technology (SMT) process. There are several methods already employed in the industry that will facilitate this paradigm shift to in-system programming. This paper attempts to consolidate and describe these methods.
Brominated single walled carbon nanotubes as versatile precursors for covalent sidewall functionalization (2014)

Herein we report on the facile preparation of brominated SWCNTs based on two complementary reductive activation routes. The respective brominated SWCNTs are highly reactive and can be used in nucleophilic substitution reactions and represent versatile starting materials for the generation of sidewall functionalized SWCNTs with a high density of functional moieties.
Thin body silicon-on-insulator N-MOSFET with silicon-carbon source/drain regions for performance enhancement (2006)

We report a novel strained n-channel transistor structure featuring silicon-carbon (SiC) source and drain (S/D) regions formed on thin body SOI substrate. The SiC material is pseudomorphically grown by selective epitaxy and the carbon mole fraction incorporated is 1%. Lattice mismatch between SiC and Si results in uniaxial tensile strain in the Si channel region which contributes favorably to electron mobility enhancement. Drive current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement of 25% was observed for 90 nm gate length L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> transistors, and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement of up to 35% was observed at L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> of 70 nm. In addition, drive current enhancement shows dependence on device width and channel orientation. All transistors were formed on (001) SOI substrates. The largest I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement is observed for transistors with the [010] channel orientation
Interfacing to the foot (2000)

We describe a system that we have developed to capture detailed, multimodal gesture expressed at the foot. It is embodied in a pair of shoes, each of which measures 16 degrees of freedom (tactile, inertial, positional). No tethers or wires are attached to the shoes; data is directly telemetered wirelessly off each foot to a remote base station and host computer, yielding full state updates at 50 Hz. This system, having evolved over 3 years, has been used for real-time expressive performance by a diverse set of artists, including gymnasts, jugglers, and dancers. Ongoing work is exploring the extraction of high-level podiatric gesture.
Partial discharges. Their mechanism, detection and measurement (2002)

Different partial discharge (PD) detection and measurement procedures suitable for use on cables, capacitors, transformers and rotating machines are examined and compared. Both narrow and wide bandwidth PD detectors are considered; particular attention is given in regard to their suitability to different types of electrical apparatus and cable specimens under test as well as their applicability to discharge site location and their capability to detect different forms of PD. A rather substantial portion of the discussion is devoted to the use of intelligent machines as applied to PD pattern recognition in terms of either PD pulse-height/discharge epoch (phase) distributions or discharge pulse shape attributes.
Thermal Resistance of Nanoscopic Liquid−Liquid Interfaces:  Dependence on Chemistry and Molecular Architecture (2005)

Systems with nanoscopic features contain a high density of interfaces. Thermal transport in such systems can be governed by the resistance to heat transfer, the Kapitza resistance (RK), at the interface. Although soft interfaces, such as those between immiscible liquids or between a biomolecule and solvent, are ubiquitous, few studies of thermal transport at such interfaces have been reported. Here we characterize the interfacial conductance, 1/RK, of soft interfaces as a function of molecular architecture, chemistry, and the strength of cross-interfacial intermolecular interactions through detailed molecular dynamics simulations. The conductance of various interfaces studied here, for example, water-organic liquid, water-surfactant, surfactant-organic liquid, is relatively high (in the range of 65-370 MW/m2 K) compared to that for solid-liquid interfaces ( approximately 10 MW/m2 K). Interestingly, the dependence of interfacial conductance on the chemistry and molecular architecture cannot be explained solely in terms of either bulk property mismatch or the strength of intermolecular attraction between the two phases. The observed trends can be attributed to a combination of strong cross-interface intermolecular interactions and good thermal coupling via soft vibration modes present at liquid-liquid interfaces.
Practical Techniques for Modeling Gas Turbine Engine Performance (2016)

The cost and risk associated with the design and operation of gas turbine engine systems has led to an increasing dependence on mathematical models. In this paper, the fundamentals of engine simulation will be reviewed, an example performance analysis will be performed, and relationships useful for engine control system development will be highlighted. The focus will be on thermodynamic modeling utilizing techniques common in industry, such as: the Brayton cycle, component performance maps, map scaling, and design point criteria generation. In general, these topics will be viewed from the standpoint of an example turbojet engine model; however, demonstrated concepts may be adapted to other gas turbine systems, such as gas generators, marine engines, or high bypass aircraft engines. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of gas turbine model generation and system performance analysis for educational uses, such as curriculum creation or student reference.
The design and implementation of a scheduler and route planner for wheelchair users (2011)

Currently, Global Positioning Systems and other route-finding systems work well for wheelchair users outdoors. Indoor information is usually not provided. However, it is more important for wheelchair users to know the indoor maps of routes accessible to them. Where the closest elevator is, which door is accessible to them, and how long it takes to get to a destination are major route-finding problems for wheelchair users. Nevertheless, there is no existing system that shows up-to-date and detailed information on route accessibility. A system that works for the independent user would provide more accurate help for wheelchair users. For example, a strong young man in a wheelchair will have less difficulty getting through moderate ramps and rough roads than the elderly who tend to prefer smooth routes. Therefore, we are motivated to create a system that works according to the client's ability, so that it can figure out which path is best for the client under certain constraints. There are several existing systems that allow the user to easily control their wheelchairs. Some of these systems use automatic or semi-automatic robotic wheelchairs, but they are limited to very small local area movement. Such systems focus on hardware components of an auto-wheelchair. Our system, which provides help in pathfinding, can cooperate with these hardware-equipped wheelchairs. The success of related work on daily activity reminder systems has motivated us to build a simple scheduler that works in conjunction with the route planner. As well as designing and creating the new system, we have analyzed and implemented a new efficient pathfinding algorithm, which is the major contribution of this thesis. The algorithm deploys the hierarchical structure of real-life maps. Assuming that the distance within an abstract high-level node is significantly shorter than along high-level edges, the algorithm can prune away irrelevant paths. Runtime analysis and experimental results show that this algorithm is efficient in numerous scenarios.
Antibodies to Chicken Progesterone Receptor Peptide 523–536 Recognize a Site Exposed in Receptor-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Complexes but not in Receptor-Heat Shock Protein-90 Complexes* (1989)

We have prepared monospecific polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the peptide sequence 523-536 of the chicken progesterone receptor. This region, located between the DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains, is predicted by hydropathic analyses to be on the surface of the protein. The synthetic peptide was coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injected into rabbits. Three rabbits produced antibodies; all three are specific for progesterone receptors, recognize both native and denatured receptor, and do not interfere with either hormone binding or receptor recognition of its DNA response element in gel retardation assays. However, the antibodies do not interact with cytosolic 8S receptor complexes which contain the heat shock protein hsp90, suggesting that this site is occluded in the 8S complex. In contrast, the antibodies recognize a type of receptor dimer which forms on the DNA response element. Thus, these antibodies are a unique tool for studying receptor protein-protein interactions.
The current melt-wave model (1997)

It is generally accepted that the velocity skin effect concentrates the current crossing the armature/rail interface at the rear corners of a solid armature. Ohmic heating melts these corners, and the molten metal is removed by being entrained on the rail. As the resistivity of the resulting gap exceeds that of the solid phase, the current is deflected forwards into the solid region. The mechanism results in a "melt wave" moving from the back to the front of the armature, leaving a high-resistance plasma gap of width h between the armature and the rails. Transition to a high-contact voltage is therefore a likely outcome when the melt wave reaches the front of the armature, although if the armature is initially compressed by the rails, several successive meltings along the armature surface will be required to reach transition. In this paper we give a theory for the speed /spl nu//sub m/ at which the melt wave advances relative to the armature. Our model differs from those proposed by other authors in that the magnetic diffusivity in the rails is accurately represented. One outcome is that h depends only on the electrical skin depth in the rail and since /spl nu/m/spl prop/h/sup -1/, our value for /spl nu/m is different. An expression for the armature speed V/sub c/ at which transition can occur is also derived. To test the theory, more detailed experiments are required, but it does yield plausible values for the IAT rail gun.
Background clean-up in Brillouin microspectroscopy of scattering medium (2014)

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging tool for microscopic optical imaging as it allows for non-contact, non-invasive, direct assessment of the elastic properties of materials. However, strong elastic scattering and stray light from various sources often contaminate the Brillouin spectrum. A molecular absorption cell was introduced into the virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) based Brillouin spectroscopy setup to absorb the Rayleigh component, which resulted in a substantial improvement of the Brillouin spectrum quality.
A novel planarization technique for optoelectronic integrated circuits and its application to a monolithic AlGaAs/GaAs p-i-n FET (1987)

A new planarization technique for use in fabricating optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC's) has been developed. The conditions of substrate preparation and ion-beam etching to obtain a perfectly planar, embedded structure have been analyzed in detail. This process has been successfully applied to monolithically integrate an AlGaAs/GaAs p-i-n FET photoreceiver. These results indicate that this planarization technique is useful for fabricating OEIC's including large-scale integrated receivers and transmitters.
An analysis of borrowing policies for escrow transactions in a replicated data environment (2002)

Three issues in the context of escrow-based methods, are addressed. It is shown that full serializability can be guaranteed for escrow transactions by means of repeat semantics, that is, a transaction which fails is rerun in a special mode. The author describes a crash recovery protocol consistent with the concurrency control scheme used. An analysis is made, by means of a simulation model, of several different borrowing policies for escrow transactions and the best one is identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D Facial Model Synthesis using Voronoi Approach (2006)

Construction and animation of realistic human facial models is an important research field of computer graphics. How to efficiently create an individualized facial model for animation is still a challenge. In this paper, we present a method for 3D facial model synthesis that combines the traditional free-form deformation (FFD) model with techniques of data interpolation based on Dirichlet/Voronoi diagrams. With 18 feature points extracted from 2D facial images in two orthogonal views, Dirichlet free form deformation (DFFD) is utilized for modifying a generic 3D face to produce the individual face. The main advantages of this method over former extensions of FFD is in removing the constraints on control lattice and control points location. In addition, by assigning different weights to those control points, we improve the DFFD algorithm to make it more adaptable to the facial deformation. The reconstructed 3D faces can be used to generate different facial animations.
Impact of the Configuration of Ground Vias on the Performance of Vertical Transitions Used in Electronic Packages (2009)

The ground vias are used to interconnect the different ground planes existing in a package structure, but also to prevent the propagation of parasitic modes like the parallel-plate mode inside the structure. From a signal integrity perspective, these parasitic modes degrade and limit the performance of a package since they introduce undesired resonances in the electrical response of the structure. Thus, the distribution of the ground vias is of great importance in the design of advanced packages. Using full-wave simulators, we have observed the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields as a high-frequency signal propagates through vertical transitions surrounded by ground vias. The information from the distribution of fields and the corresponding S-parameters were obtained from simulations for different configurations of ground vias in a vertical transition; these are the bases of the paper. The purpose of the presented analysis is to understand the relationship between the frequency at which the resonances associated with the propagation of parasitic modes occur and the configuration of the ground vias.
Self-assembly of square multiporphyrin arrays by metal ion coordination (1994)

The complexation of cis or trans meso-dipyridyl porphyrins by cis or trans substituted metal ions (PdII, PtII) of square planar coordination geometry leads to the self-assembly of multiporphyrin arrays of square architecture.
Interference of rhythmic constraint on gait in healthy subjects and patients with early parkinson's disease: Evidence for impaired locomotor pattern generation in early Parkinson's disease (1999)

Patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease have been shown to walk slower with smaller steps, resembling the gait of normal elderly subjects, but specific disorders of dynamic equilibrium or rhythmic gait patterning have not yet been identified. In the present study, gait control in 22 healthy subjects and 22 patients with early Parkinson's disease was challenged by means of a paradigm requiring subjects to decrease their step rate (cadence) by 20% in response to a metronome signal (rhythmic constraint). Control subjects and patients were matched for age, sex, and body height. Eleven patients were receiving standard antiparkinsonian therapy and were assessed under their ongoing medication, whereas the remaining 11 patients had not yet been started on dopaminergic therapy ("de novo" Parkinson's disease). Gait parameters reflecting dynamic equilibrium (double-support time) and locomotor patterning (step length, stride duration) were recorded by means of a mechanical device (locometer). Sixteen patients and 16 control subjects were able to accomplish the task. Whereas regulation of step length became irregular during rhythmic constraint in both patients and control subjects, irregular timing of steps was only observed in patients suggesting disturbance of periodic locomotor activity generation.