gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical bath deposition of crystalline ZnS thin films (2003)

Crystalline zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) using the mixed aqueous solutions of zinc acetate, thiourea and tri-sodium citrate, where tri-sodium citrate was used as the complexing agent. The thin films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical absorption. The as-deposited thin films were surface homogeneous with pure wurtzite structure and the optical band gap of the film was estimated to be 3.53 eV.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of exceptional diversity in eastern Europe support the definition of new genetic subtypes (2006)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 and ORF7 sequences from Belarus were found to be of the European (EU) genotype, but grouped separately from all other EU genotype sequences described so far, including live-attenuated EU genotype PRRSV vaccines and Italian EU genotype sequences, some of which have been associated with reduced vaccine efficacy. Also, the Belarusian EU-PRRSV exhibited extreme ORF7 size polymorphism, ranging from 375 nt (the smallest EU genotype ORF7 yet described) to 393 nt (the largest ORF7 yet described for any arterivirus). With the Belarusian sequences, the diversity of EU genotype PRRSV now exceeds that of the North American (US) genotype PRRSV, suggesting a European origin of PRRSV. Finally, a very sharp geographical demarcation of highly diverse EU genotype PRRSV was observed along the eastern Polish border. The new Belarusian sequences have relevance for vaccine and diagnostic-antigen design and show that sequence analysis of PRRSV from more eastern parts of Europe may offer further insights into the emergence and evolution of PRRSV.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Phase Relations of Single‐Phase Fibrous Phosphorus. (2014)

Abstract Fibrous phosphorus is prepared by controlled heating of red phosphorus (evacuated silica tube, 1.
Laparoscopic Choledocholithotomy (1991)

Common duct stones present a special problem to the surgeon when he performs a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We describe a method of exploring the common duct and extracting stones. The procedures for opening of the common duct, removal of stones, and the placement of a T-tube are carefully outlined.
Intelligent Credit Service Risk Predicting System Based on Customer’s Behavior By Using Machine Learning (2019)

This paper presents a model for predicting the behavior of customers in an intelligent manner in the form of customer credit risk for use in decision making for executives in business organizations by applying management's decision to credit corporate customers by machine learning techniques. Machine learning techniques, which are important technique that are the heart of artificial intelligence (Ai). A decision Tree model that is analyzed for credit business customers in business organizations which consists of six attributes, the number customers of 1,100 records. The risk is classified into three classes, namely, low, medium and high. Our model analysis can be done with accuracy of 85.82% of the customer genius in the form of risk to credit customers of the trading organization that has been developed to support the decision making of executives more quickly and more effectively.
Enhancement of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Healthy Subjects by Immulina®, a<i>Spirulina</i>Extract Enriched for Braun-Type Lipoproteins (2010)

Immulina®, a commercial extract of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is a potent activator of THP-1 monocytes and CD4+ T cells IN VITRO and enhances several immunological functions in mice. We further characterized Immulina® by determining that Braun-type lipoproteins are responsible for a major portion of the IN VITRO monocyte activation exhibited by this material. In order to understand the effect of Immulina® on NK cell activity, a pilot study was conducted on ten healthy North American individuals who supplemented their diet with Immulina® (400 mg/day) for seven days. We observed a 40% average increase in the killing of K562 tumor cells by NK cells (p < 0.01) after Immulina® supplementation. In a separate placebo-controlled, crossover study involving 11 healthy Danish subjects, we observed increased mRNA expression of the NK cell marker NKG2D by 37% (p = 0.02) and by 55% (p = 0.0003) after administration of Immulina® (200 mg and 400 mg per day, respectively) for seven days. The mRNA expression of the NK- and T-cell marker perforin increased by 75% (p = 0.008) after administration of 400 mg Immulina® per day. Both markers displayed significant dose-dependent effects (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.02, respectively). The ratio between CD56 (bright) and CD56 (dim) NK cells was not affected by Immulina® administration. In summary, two independent studies showed enhancement of NK cell activity following administration of Immulina® for seven days.
Self-Assembly of 1,2-Benzenedithiol on Gold and Silver:  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study (1996)

The adsorption of 1,2-benzenedithiol (1,2-BDT) in benzene on gold and silver surfaces has been investigated by infrared reflection−absorption (IRA) spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and ellipsometry. The IRA spectral data were found to be consistent with those of QCM and ellipsometry. On both metals, 1,2-BDT was chemisorbed by forming two metal−sulfur bonds after deprotonation. Although monolayered film was formed exclusively on gold, multilayered film could also be formed on silver. The orientation on gold changed little with respect to the surface coverage, but structural change from vertical to tilted orientation occurred on silver at the fractional surface coverage near 0.6. The tilt angles of benzene ring were estimated to be ca. 51° on gold and 38° on silver with respect to the surface normal. From the analysis of the IRA peak intensities, the free energy of adsorption, ΔGao, under submonolayer coverage limit was estimated to be −27.3 kJ/mol on gold and −39.6 kJ/mol on silver, suggesting that adsorption on silver would be energetically more favorable than that on gold. The multilayered film formed on silver consisted of aggregates of randomly oriented silver thiolate.
Computational prediction of protein aggregation: Advances in proteomics, conformation-specific algorithms and biotechnological applications (2020)

Protein aggregation is a widespread phenomenon that stems from the establishment of non-native intermolecular contacts resulting in protein precipitation. Despite its deleterious impact on fitness, protein aggregation is a generic property of polypeptide chains, indissociable from protein structure and function. Protein aggregation is behind the onset of neurodegenerative disorders and one of the serious obstacles in the production of protein-based therapeutics. The development of computational tools opened a new avenue to rationalize this phenomenon, enabling prediction of the aggregation propensity of individual proteins as well as proteome-wide analysis. These studies spotted aggregation as a major force driving protein evolution. Actual algorithms work on both protein sequences and structures, some of them accounting also for conformational fluctuations around the native state and the protein microenvironment. This toolbox allows to delineate conformation-specific routines to assist in the identification of aggregation-prone regions and to guide the optimization of more soluble and stable biotherapeutics. Here we review how the advent of predictive tools has change the way we think and address protein aggregation.
Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Copper Terephthalate Metal–Organic Frameworks (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we report on a high‐throughput (gram quantities) solvothermal method for the synthesis of copper terephthalate metal–organic frameworks in dmf. While the structure of MOF‐2 and some of the associated polymorphs are well known, we know of no equivalent structural studies for the isostructural copper terephthalate (Cu–tpa). The material we have made crystallizes in the C 2/ m space group. Cu–tpa also exhibits reversible solvent‐exchange properties. These properties make this material useful for potential applications in gas storage and catalysis applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electron diffraction using ultrafast electron bunches from a laser-wakefield accelerator at kHz repetition rate (2013)

We show that electron bunches in the 50–100 keV range can be produced from a laser wakefield accelerator using 10 mJ, 35 fs laser pulses operating at 0.5 kHz. It is shown that using a solenoid magnetic lens, the electron bunch distribution can be shaped. The resulting transverse and longitudinal coherence is suitable for producing diffraction images from a polycrystalline 10 nm aluminum foil. The high repetition rate, the stability of the electron source, and the fact that its uncorrelated bunch duration is below 100 fs make this approach promising for the development of sub-100 fs ultrafast electron diffraction experiments.
Optical and Electronic Properties of Metal and Semiconductor Nanostructures (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Absorption of and Emission from Nanoparticles Quantum Dots: A Brief Overview Electrochemistry of Nanoparticles Conclusion Further Reading References Problems Answers
Reconfigurable middleware for sensor based applications (2006)

The pervasive computing paradigm introduced context-aware applications that adapt themselves to their surrounding environment based on context information. Context information may be of different types including sensed context information gathered from a variety of sensors. In pervasive computing user intervention/interactions with their application should be minimised. On the other hand, pervasive computing environments are very dynamic environments -context information that supports adaptation decisions may not always be available due to user mobility and potential network and/or sensor failures. As context information supports autonomous adaptation of applications, the provision of context information itself has to be managed by an autonomic system able to both recognise and recover from context delivery failures. This paper presents the architecture of a context management system that is reconfigurable with regard to sensor and/or network failure and can support dynamic discovery and replacement of sensors. One of the components of this middleware architecture, the model and management of sensor descriptions, is described in more detail as it plays an important role in sensor discovery and replacement.
Evaluation of hypothyroidism as a complication in Type IIDiabetes Mellitus (2012)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Thyroid dysfunction, the two endocrine disorders have found to influence each other. The effects of which are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to understand the association trend of thyroid dysfunction with diabetic process and to assess the hyperglycemic effect by correlating fasting serum glucose (FSG) and thyroid profile parameters. 58 type 2 DM patients were studied for their thyroid profile along with their fasting glucose levels. Analysis was performed by comparing the values with age and gender matched controls using student ‘t’ test. Analysis showed that in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 7 (12.06%) patients had hypothyroidism and 18 (31.03%) subjects had subclinical hypothyroidism out of 58 subjects. Serum T3 and T4 hormone concentrations were low and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) concentrations were high in Type 2 DM when compared to controls. But significant difference was found with T4 and TSH only (p value : <0.001). FSG did not show significant correlations with thyroid profile parameters. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients are at risk for hypothyroidism and hence have to be followed up with serum TSH levels.
The Movement of Tn<i>3</i>‐Like Elements: Transposition and Cointegrate Resolution (2007)

This chapter discusses the organization of Tn3-family transposons and their transposition (the formation and resolution of the cointegrate intermediate). The bulk of the chapter, however, is concerned with the process of cointegrate resolution as performed by the resolvase (serine recombinase) class of site-specific recombinases, since this is both the most novel feature of Tn3-family transposons and the feature about which we know the most. While initial studies failed to identify the resolvase, they led to the proposal that cointegrates were an intermediate in the complete transposition pathway and that an internal site, deleted in this subset, was needed for the conversion of cointegrates to simple insertions. This proposal was subsequently proved correct, and it became apparent that Tn3 intermolecular transposition proceeded in two distinct and separable steps: formation of a cointegrate, involving the combined action of the transposase and the host cell replication machinery, followed by cointegrate resolution using the distinct site-specific recombination activity of resolvase. Taking a slightly different perspective (from that of the resolution systems), two transposons with very similar resolvases, Tn5501 and Tn(pTF5), have dramatically different transposases, suggesting that two different transposons capture the same resolvase system. Finally, despite their similar organization, two TnpI-encoding transposons, Tn4430 and Tn5401, have transposases and TnpI recombinases that are so diverged that independent origins seem highly likely.
Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> Isolates Recovered from Wild Animal Species (2004)

Mycobacterial isolates were obtained by radiometric culture from 33 different species of captive or free-ranging animals (n = 106) and environmental sources (n = 3) from six geographic zones within the United States. The identities of all 109 isolates were confirmed by using mycobactin J dependence and characterization of five well-defined molecular markers, including two integration loci of IS900 (loci L1 and L9), one Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis)-specific sequence (locus 251), and one M. avium subsp. avium-specific marker (IS1245), as well as hsp65 and IS1311 restriction endonuclease analyses. Seventy-six acid-fast isolates were identified as M. paratuberculosis, 15 were identified as belonging to the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (but not M. paratuberculosis), and the remaining 18 were identified as mycobacteria outside the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex. Fingerprinting by multiplex PCR for IS900 integration loci clustered 67 of the 76 M. paratuberculosis strains into a single clade (designated clade A18) and had a Simpson's diversity index (D) of 0.53. In contrast, sequence-based characterization of a recently identified M. paratuberculosis short sequence repeat (SSR) region enabled the differentiation of the M. paratuberculosis isolates in clade A18 into seven distinct alleles (D = 0.75). The analysis revealed eight subtypes among the 33 species of animals, suggesting the interspecies transmission of specific strains. Taken together, the results of our analyses demonstrate that SSR analysis enables the genetic characterization of M. paratuberculosis isolates from different host species and provide evidence for the host specificity of some M. paratuberculosis strains as well as sharing of strains between wild and domesticated animal species.
Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologies in conservation: current research and potential applications (2006)

Spectral imaging technology, which records simultaneously spectral and spatial information about an object, was initially developed for remote sensing and has since been successfully applied to other areas of research. Although relatively new to the field of conservation, this non-invasive method of investigation has already provided promising results in the analysis of paintings and written documents, the characterization of materials and digital documentation. This article reviews the published literature relating to the application of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for the study and conservation of works of art and presents some new perspectives offered by this innovative and fast-developing technology.
Indoor air quality control of HVAC system (2010)

Reliable and optimal monitoring and control of ventilation system are essential for a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system to maintain adequate indoor air quality with least energy consumption. This paper presents the development and validation of a control algorithm that adapts to the dynamics of a HVAC system using sensor-based demand-controlled ventilation. The control strategy, which is based on monitoring and modelling of indoor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration, is employed to respond to the changes of indoor CO 2 generation through appropriate adjustment of ventilation rates, i.e., the rate of ventilation is modulated over time based on the signals from indoor CO 2 concentration. In particular, the paper focuses on the development of adaptive indoor air quality model based on soft real-time indoor occupant prediction for implementing control strategies. The results show that our model is capable of predicting the indoor CO 2 of a dynamic indoor environment. This dynamic indoor air quality model is useful for control strategies that require knowledge of the dynamic characteristics of HVAC systems.
Detection of multiple drugs in human hair from seven drug classes using one digestion/extraction protocol (1999)

Analysis of the hair fiber for scheduled drugs, therapeutic drugs, or other xenobites which bind to the hair shaft has become a useful tool in forensic investigations.Specific digestion-extraction procedures have been developed for a variety of basic and acidic drugs, however, development of a comprehensive, general screening method to confirm the presence of multiple drugs in different drugs classes using one analytical technique has not been reported.This paper explores the development of a digestionextraction procedure for drugs in the following classes: amphetamine-like compounds, benzodiazepines, opiates, cocaine and cocaine analogs, barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, and the drug propoxyphene.The development of a sensitive analytical procedure to determine and confirm drug presence in the hair fiber and a novel approach to differentiate between endogenous and exogenous drug binding are discussed.Throughout a two year period 26 postmortem human hair samples were collected from county coroners across the state of Montana.Routine toxicological analysis of urine and blood samples were performed prior to hair analysis; however, the results of this screening were not known until the conclusion of the project.Hair analysis revealed the presence of 42 drug confirmations, 10 of which were not identified in the urine, and 25 which were not identified in the blood.These data strengthen the validity of the developed digestion-extraction and analytical procedures and support the role of hair analysis as a supplemental screen in forensic toxicology.A novel approach to differentiate between endogenous and exogenous drug exposure was explored using anti-opiate monoclonal antibodies.The study was initially designed using a rat model; however to expand the findings in the preliminary study, a similar protocol was applied to human hair.Positive and negative controls, in addition to two case samples containing hydrocodone, were sectioned at 5 microns, mounted on microscope slides, and immunocytochemistry was performed.The human hair controls differentiated between the staining patterns of drug versus non-drug controls, determined by the characteristic brown staining of diaminobenzidine.While preliminary investigations reveal this protocol as a viable method of exogenous drug detection, further research is needed to explore the possibilities of using antibodies as a method of detection for exogenous drug contamination in additional drug classes.My husband, Sean Slanger.for offering unconditional support, and for keeping me sane by reminding me to have a sense of humor!
P53 germ line haplotypes associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer (1995)

Three p53 DNA polymorphisms (BstU I and Msp I restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in exon 4 and intron 6 respectively, and a 16 bp duplication in intron 3) and their haplotype combinations were studied in patients with colorectal cancer and compared with patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. There were only minor differences between patients with ulcerative colitis and controls, the only significant difference was observed in the distribution of BstU I-Msp I haplotypes. When single polymorphisms were studied, a significantly lower frequency of the 16 bp duplication was found in patients with colorectal cancer. The protective effect of the 16 bp duplication was more pronounced in haplotype combinations with the BstU I A1 and Msp I A1 alleles, whereas these alleles in combination with the 16 bp A1 allele (no duplication) were associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer. The genotypic combination BstU I 2-1, 16 bp 1-I, Msp I 2-1 was found in 8.4% of cases among patients with colorectal cancer and 0.5% of cases in the controls (odds ratio = 18.8). The extended haplotype responsible for the high cancer risk of this genotype appears to be BstU I A1-16 bp A1-Msp I A1. The results of this study indicate that the haplotype approach to the identification of p53 germ line alleles associated with increased susceptibility to cancer is far more powerful than the analysis of single polymorphisms, since the capacity to identify germ line alleles predisposing to cancer should increase with the number of polymorphic sites included in the analysis.
Presence and specificity of tumor associated lymphocytes from ascites fluid in prostate cancer (2005)

Although tumor antigen-specific TAL were detected in ascites fluid, these cells were producing immunosuppressive cytokines which may contribute to tumor escape from recognition and/or destruction by the immune system.
Study on the core/cladding interface in Cr:YAG double-clad crystal fibers grown by the codrawing laser-heated pedestal growth method (2010)

This study reports, for the first time, atomic-scale high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) microstructure studies on the interface between the crystal core and polycrystalline inner cladding and strain relaxation mechanism of high-quality Cr:YAG double-clad crystal fibers grown by a codrawing laser-heated pedestal growth method. HRTEM analysis indicates that the core has high crystallinity and a sharp core/inner-cladding interface, exhibiting coherent planes with a preferred orientation relationship to the γ-Al2O3 nanocrystals in the inner cladding. The slightly distorted γ-Al2O3 lattice facilitates the release of residual strain, and eliminates misfit dislocation at the interface. Lattice strain analysis and image processing reveal a ∼18.2 nm layer near the interface for strain relaxation.