gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersoid-Toughened Silicon Nitride Composites (1988)

Abstract : This report is a summary of results of a study aimed at the development of silicon nitride composites of enhanced fracture toughness and strength utilizing particulate and whisker dispersoids. Composites with 40% higher fracture toughness and 25% higher room-temperature fracture strength over that of the base silicon nitride monolith, have been prepared using, 30 v/o SiC whisker dispersoids. An increase in fracture toughness of 70% has been observed at 35 v/o whisker additions. Both fracture toughness and strength improvements persist over a wide range of temperatures (25-1200 deg C). These, composites exhibit excellent oxidation resistance and improved resistance to slow crack growth and creep at elevated temperatures. A process for fabrication of complex composite ceramic parts was developed and demonstrated. The present study has also provided extensive information regarding microstructure-property dependence in dispersoid-modified ceramics, which has been utilized to derive a formal theory of fracture toughness and microstructure relationship.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Assisted Antibiotic Delivery and Imaging in S. epidermidis Strains Addressing Antibiotic Resistance (2019)

Although conventional antibiotics have evolved as a staple of modern medicine, increasing antibiotic resistance and the lack of antibiotic efficacy against new bacterial threats is becoming a major medical threat. In this work, we employ single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) known to deliver and track therapeutics in mammalian cells via intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence as carriers enhancing antibacterial delivery of doxycycline and methicillin. SWCNTs dispersed in water by antibiotics without the use of toxic bile salt surfactants facilitate efficacy enhancement for both antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> strain showing minimal sensitivity to methicillin. Doxycycline to which the strain did not show resistance in complex with SWCNTs provides only minor increase in efficacy, whereas the SWCNTs/methicillin complex yields up to 40-fold efficacy enhancement over antibiotics alone, suggesting that SWCNT-assisted delivery may circumvent antibiotic resistance in that bacterial strain. At the same time SWCNT/antibiotic formulations appear to be less toxic to mammalian cells than antibiotics alone suggesting that nanomaterial platforms may not restrict potential biomedical applications. The improvement in antibacterial performance with SWCNT delivery is tested via 3 independent assays-colony count, MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) turbidity and disk diffusion, with the statistical significance of the latter verified by ANOVA and Dunnett's method. The potential mechanism of action is attributed to SWCNT interactions with bacterial cell wall and adherence to the membrane, as substantial association of SWCNT with bacteria is observed-the near-infrared fluorescence microscopy of treated bacteria shows localization of SWCNT fluorescence in bacterial clusters, scanning electron microscopy verifies SWCNT association with bacterial surface, whereas transmission electron microscopy shows individual SWCNT penetration into bacterial cell wall. This work characterizes SWCNTs as novel advantageous antibiotic delivery/imaging agents having the potential to address antibiotic resistance.
A New Interlock System: Movable Interlocked Barrier Guards With Motorized Openers for Testing (1999)

Abstract A unique system is introduced for monitoring the viability of conventional position switch interlocks on movable barrier guards. At closely spaced intervals a test device motor causes the guard to open slightly to check if the interlock will change state in an attempt to interrupt control power to the protected machine. The machine will not in fact shut down during the testing phase because the interlock system will be isolated from the machine operating motor contactors during the test duration. Testing of a guard is annunciated just before and during the automatic testing phase. Any failures of an interlock or its testing system will also be annunciated until their causes are corrected. When a latching system is used in conjunction with the guard, a faulty interlock will cause the guard to be locked closed until it is convenient to effect a repair. Production is not interrupted because the interlock remains bypassed during this period. If an interlock is temporarily circumvented or if the interlock guard is sabotaged, the test device motor will not cause a change in state of the interlock during the test phase; again, system malfunction will be annunciated and/or the guard will remain latched and/or the machine will be shut down. The proposed process provides the following advantages: • A quantum leap in system reliability and safety is obtained using even the most ordinary “limit switch” type interlocks. • The tamper-resistance of all known interlocks will be greatly enhanced; all popular forms of temporary interlock circumvention are eliminated. • Long term sabotage which involves simultaneous guard removal and interlock bypassing is addressed for the first time; to defeat the proposed process involves the most outrageous restructuring of the control system. • The system will safely endure adhesive environments that may cause interlock activators to stick in their “fail to danger” states. • The monitored machine is almost never shut down nor production interrupted during or after the testing phase even if mischief is uncovered. • The testing of large numbers of interlocks will not expose the machines’ electric power motors to the frequent restart demand associated with some conventional manual testing procedures. • Without compromising safety, maintenance of even multiple interlock failures may be deferred until their repair is convenient. • The assurance of working interlocks may enable OSHA to expand applications where maintenance is performed under “control stop” as opposed to the more elaborate “lock out.” • The design of the new test and monitoring system may be executed and implemented using straightforward hardware and software that are firmly entrenched technology.
Advances in the Development of Ribozymes and Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antiviral Agents for Human Papillomaviruses (2003)

Urogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in women. On a worldwide basis cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer of women. Although HPV infection is not sufficient to induce cancer, the causal relation between high-risk HPV infection and cervical cancer is well established. Over 99% of cervical cancers are positive for high-risk HPV. Therefore, there is a need for newer approaches to treat HPV infection. Two novel approaches for inactivating gene expression involve ribozymes and oligonucleotides. Methods for identification of target genes involved in neoplastic transformation and tumour growth have been established, and these will lead to therapeutic approaches without any damage to normal cellular RNA molecules, which is often associated with conventional therapeutics. Ribozymes and oligonucleotides represent rational antiviral approaches for inhibiting the growth of cervical lesions and carcinomas by interfering with E6/E7 RNA production. The E6 and E7 genes of high-risk HPVs cooperate to immortalize primary epithelial cells and because they are found in cervical cancer are considered the hallmark of cervical cancer. The use and modification of ribozymes and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can inhibit the growth of HPV-16 and HPV-18 immortalized cells, and tumour cells by eliminating E6/E7 transcript. Hammerhead and hairpin ribozymes have been widely studied because of their potential use for gene therapy and their place as therapeutic tools for cervical cancer is being evaluated. Although antiviral ribozymes and antisense molecules have been effective as in vitro or in vivo inhibitors of high-risk HPV-positive cells, none is currently in clinical trial. There are, however, a number of other antisense therapies in Phase I-III clinical trial for several oncogenes.
Materials for the preparation of polymer pen lithography tip arrays and a comparison of their printing properties (2012)

Abstract Polymer Pen Lithography (PPL) uses an array of polymeric tips, typically composed of poly(dimethyl siloxane), to transfer ink onto a surface and create patterns of soft molecules with micrometer to nanometer feature dimensions. In this study, tip arrays were fabricated from poly(methyl methacrylate), poly([methyl methacrylate]‐ co ‐[butyl methacrylate]), and poly(3‐mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane), and used to pattern 1‐mercaptohexadecanoic acid onto Au surfaces to determine the fidelity of pattern transfer by PPL as a function of the mechanical properties of the materials. It was found that the dependence between the applied force and feature edge length correlates directly to the mechanical properties of each of the polymers used to fabricate the tip arrays, where stiffer polymers have a reduced dependence between the applied force and feature size. This study demonstrates that PPL tip arrays can be composed of a wide variety of materials whose choice is determined by the desired printing application. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
<i>iaglu</i> , a Gene from <i>Zea mays</i> Involved in Conjugation of Growth Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid (1994)

Plants contain most of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conjugated forms believed to be inactive in promoting growth. The iaglu gene, which controls the first step in the biosynthesis of the IAA conjugates of Zea mays, encodes (uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose:indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucosyl transferase. Protein synthesized by Escherichia coli that contained cloned 1-O-beta-D-indol-3-ylacetyl-glucose complementary DNA (cDNA) was catalytically active. The predicted amino acid sequence of the cDNA was confirmed by amino-terminal sequencing of the purified enzyme. Homologous nucleotide sequences were found in all plants tested. The blockage or enhancement of iaglu expression may permit regulation of plant growth.
Room-temperature Ohmic contact on <i>n</i>-type GaN with surface treatment using Cl2 inductively coupled plasma (2001)

A room-temperature Ti/Al Ohmic contact on n-type GaN was obtained by surface treatment using Cl2 inductively coupled plasma treatment. The specific contact resistivity was dramatically decreased from the Schottky behavior to 9.4×10−6 Ω cm2 by the treatment. The binding energy of the Ga–N bond and the atomic ratio of Ga/N were simultaneously increased after the plasma treatment. This provides evidence that N vacancies, acting as donors for electrons, were produced at the etched surface, resulting in a shift of the Fermi level near to the conduction band. This leads to the reduction in contact resistivity through the decrease of the Schottky barrier for the conduction of electrons.
288. Development of Cocal Glycoprotein Envelope Producer Cell Lines for Robust Lentiviral Gene Transfer into Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T Cells (2016)

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are routinely used for stable gene transfer and have demonstrated great promise in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and also immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. LVs are commonly pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G), which confers broad tropism to the vector and allows for vector concentration by centrifugation. However, the use of VSV-G has several limitations, such as susceptibility to inactivation by human serum complement making it unsuitable for in vivo delivery. Furthermore, VSV-G is toxic when constitutively expressed, which has impeded efforts to generate stable producer cell lines. In this study, we first validate the use of cocal vesiculovirus envelope to pseudotype LVs by demonstrating that cocal LVs transduce hematopoietic stem cells and CD4+ T cells more efficiently than VSV-G LVs. We also provide evidence that cocal and VSV-G envelopes use the same receptor for cell entry. We then describe the development of two high-titer, cocal-pseudotyped, LV producer cell lines for a GFP reporter and for a WT1 tumor-specific T cell receptor (TCR). The different 3rd generation lentiviral helper genes were sequentially introduced in HEK293T cells by co-transfection with plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance genes followed by selection to allow for stable protein expression. Cells expressing the cocal envelope produced over 10-times more infectious LV particles as compared to VSV-G expressing cells. High-titer cocal producer cells were isolated by screening for best single clones, which were capable of generating concentrated titers above 108 infectious units per mL. We found that these producer cells were stable after serial passages for over 3 months, with no drop in titer detected over time. The resulting GFP and WT1-TCR vectors performed at least as well as identical vectors made with our standard transient transfection protocol for the transduction of CD34+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Cocal LV producer cells were also adapted for growth in suspension, serum-free culture, which will facilitate efforts for the scaling up of vector production. In summary, we have successfully developed two independent LV producer cells lines with clinically usable titers. The broad applicability of our cocal packaging cell line offers a promising tool toward the generation of large-scale, clinical grade LV.
Isotopic separation of D.sub.2 O from H.sub.2 O using ruthenium adsorbent (1990)

A method of enrichment of D.sub.2 O in solutions of D.sub.2 O in H.sub.2 O by contacting said solutions in the steam phase with hexagonal crystalline to produce enriched D.sub.2 O. The passages may be repeated to achieve a desired amount of D.sub.2 O.
On the Traceability of Accuracy of Ultrasonic Flowmeter (2011)

Time-of-flight ultrasonic flowmeters have been widely used these days in industry. It is however in suspicion if its high accuracy is traceable to the national standard. It was made clear why traceability cannot be guaranteed from a fluid mechanical point of view. The main reason is a difference of flow configuration between the flow standard and the measurement position on-site. The concept of ‘Facility Factor’ is introduced and it is concluded that the ‘Profile Factor’ is not sufficient for correcting the meter reading. It is discussed that measurement of velocity profile on-site is essentially required.
Studies on 1-substituted 4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine derivatives and their analgesic activities. 2. Structure-activity relationships of 1-cycloalkyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazines (1978)

Forty-six 1-cycloalkyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazines were synthesized. The influence of substituents on phenyl groups of 1-cycloalkyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazines 4a-c on the analgesic activity was investigated in experimental animals. The most active compounds, 5a-c, in this series had a m-hydroxyl group on the 2-phenyl group of 4a-c, while morphine has a phenolic hydroxyl group para to th- aminoethyl moiety. Their activities were 23-56 and 23-38 times those of their original compounds 4a-c and morphine, respectively, tested by the D'Amour-Smith method after subcutaneous administration.
Spatially-Variant Photonic Crystals and Possible Applications (2018)

Spatially-variant photonic crystals (SVPCs) are a new concept in photonics that provide new optical properties and an extraordinary means for multiplexing functions and incorporating bio-inspired randomness and materials. In the present work, planar SVPCs based on self-collimation are investigated.
Activated protein C resistance as an additional risk factor for thrombosis in protein C-deficient families (1994)

Heterozygous protein C deficiency is associated with an increased risk for thrombosis. This association is restricted to a minority of protein C-deficient families, which have been defined as clinically dominant protein C-deficient. In contrast, in the clinically recessive protein C-deficient families, only the homozygous family members are (severely) affected. One possible explanation for this difference in thrombotic risk between families may be the presence of a second hereditary risk factor. A good candidate for this second risk factor is the recently identified resistance to activated protein C (APC). APC resistance, which is associated with a mutation in the FV gene (FV Leiden), is a common and strong risk factor for thrombosis. We show here that the prevalence of the FV Leiden mutation is high among symptomatic protein C-deficient probands (19%). In 6 clinically dominant protein C-deficient families, the segregation of the FV Leiden mutation and the protein C gene mutation was studied. A thrombotic episode had been experienced by 73% of the family members having both the protein C gene mutation and the FV Leiden mutation. In contrast, respectively, 31% and 13% of the family members having either the protein C gene mutation or the FV Leiden mutation had experienced a thrombotic episode. Moreover, the result of a two locus linkage analysis support the assumption that the FV gene and the protein C gene are the two trait loci responsible for the thrombophilia. These results indicate that carriers of both gene defects have an increased risk for thrombosis compared with related carriers of the single defect.
Adaptive intake oxygen estimation in lean-burn engines (2012)

The oxygen concentration in the intake manifold of a lean-burn engine is a key variable that is directly related to the quality of combustion. In this paper, an adaptive observer is developed to estimate the intake oxygen concentration in the intake manifold of a lean-burn engine using measurements from existing sensors with minimum computational load. Performance of the observer is evaluated using transient experimental data obtained from a diesel engine.
Development of the electric discharge oxygen-iodine laser (2006)

In the hybrid electric discharge Oxygen-Iodine laser (ElectricOIL), the desired O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) is produced using a low-to-medium pressure electric discharge. The discharge production of atomic oxygen, ozone, and other excited species adds higher levels of complexity to the post-discharge kinetics which are not encountered in a classic purely chemical O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) generation system. Experimental studies over the past six years using electric discharges have demonstrated O<sub>2</sub>(a) yields greater than 20%, gain, and cw laser power. Several modeling studies have also been performed for ElectricOIL and similar systems. As the development of this type of iodine laser continues, the roles of oxygen atoms and NO/NO<sub>2</sub> are found to be very significant in both the discharge region and downstream of the discharge region. A series of O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) emission, I* emission, O-atom titrations, gain, and O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>&Dgr;) yield, NO<sub>2</sub>* emission, and laser power measurements have been taken to explore the complex phenomena that are being observed. As the overall system is better understood improvements are being made in laser power and efficiency.
Evaluation of 3D modality-independent elastography for breast imaging: a simulation study (2007)

This paper reports on the development and preliminary testing of a three-dimensional implementation of an inverse problem technique for extracting soft-tissue elasticity information via non-rigid model-based image registration. The modality-independent elastography (MIE) algorithm adjusts the elastic properties of a biomechanical model to achieve maximal similarity between images acquired under different states of static loading. A series of simulation experiments with clinical image sets of human breasts were performed to test the ability of the method to identify and characterize a radiographically occult stiff lesion. Because boundary conditions are a critical input to the algorithm, a comparison of three methods for semi-automated surface point correspondence was conducted in the context of systematic and randomized noise processes. The results illustrate that 3D MIE was able to successfully reconstruct elasticity images using data obtained from both magnetic resonance and x-ray computed tomography systems. The lesion was localized correctly in all cases and its relative elasticity found to be reasonably close to the true values (3.5% with the use of spatial priors and 11.6% without). In addition, the inaccuracies of surface registration performed with thin-plate spline interpolation did not exceed empiric thresholds of unacceptable boundary condition error.
IFDS Taint Analysis with Access Paths (2021)

Over the years, static taint analysis emerged as the analysis of choice to detect some of the most common web application vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection (SQLi) and cross-site scripting (XSS)~\cite{OWASP}. Furthermore, from an implementation perspective, the IFDS dataflow framework stood out as one of the most successful vehicles to implement static taint analysis for real-world Java applications. While existing approaches scale reasonably to medium-size applications (e.g. up to one hour analysis time for less than 100K lines of code), our experience suggests that no existing solution can scale to very large industrial code bases (e.g. more than 1M lines of code). In this paper, we present our novel IFDS-based solution to perform fast and precise static taint analysis of very large industrial Java web applications. Similar to state-of-the-art approaches to taint analysis, our IFDS-based taint analysis uses \textit{access paths} to abstract objects and fields in a program. However, contrary to existing approaches, our analysis is demand-driven, which restricts the amount of code to be analyzed, and does not rely on a computationally expensive alias analysis, thereby significantly improving scalability.
A novel true random number generator based on a stochastic diffusive memristor (2017)

The intrinsic variability of switching behavior in memristors has been a major obstacle to their adoption as the next generation of universal memory. On the other hand, this natural stochasticity can be valuable for hardware security applications. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel true random number generator utilizing the stochastic delay time of threshold switching in a Ag:SiO<sub>2</sub> diffusive memristor, which exhibits evident advantages in scalability, circuit complexity, and power consumption. The random bits generated by the diffusive memristor true random number generator pass all 15 NIST randomness tests without any post-processing, a first for memristive-switching true random number generators. Based on nanoparticle dynamic simulation and analytical estimates, we attribute the stochasticity in delay time to the probabilistic process by which Ag particles detach from a Ag reservoir. This work paves the way for memristors in hardware security applications for the era of the Internet of Things.Memristors can switch between high and low electrical-resistance states, but the switching behaviour can be unpredictable. Here, the authors harness this unpredictability to develop a memristor-based true random number generator that uses the stochastic delay time of threshold switching.
Activation of p38 and Erk Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Signaling in Ocular Rosacea (2017)

This finding provides a novel potential therapeutic target for treatment of ocular rosacea and possibly other forms of rosacea. Further testing is required to determine if p38 and Erk activation have a causal role in ocular rosacea. The selective activation of keratinocytes in the affected skin suggests that topical pathway inhibition may be an effective treatment that will ultimately prevent ocular surface damage due to ocular rosacea.