gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common Sequences of Emergency Readmissions among High-Impact Users following AAA Repair (2018)

A significant number of patients were high-impact users after AAA repair. They had a common and distinct sequence of causes of readmissions following AAA repair, mainly consisting of cardiopulmonary conditions and aortic graft complications. The common causes of long-term mortality were not related to AAA repair. The quality of care can be improved by identifying these patients early and focusing on prevention of cardiopulmonary diseases in the community.
Efficient Yellow Electroluminescence from a Single Layer of a Cyclometalated Iridium Complex (2004)

We report on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties of [Ir(ppy)(2)(dtb-bpy)](+)(PF(6))(-) (ppy: 2-phenylpyridine, dtb-bpy: 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl). Single-layer devices were fabricated and found to emit yellow light with a brightness that exceeds 300 cd/m(2) and a luminous power efficiency that exceeds 10 Lm/W at just 3 V. The PF(6)(-) space charge was found to dominate the device characteristics.
Synthesis and Analysis of Specific Covalent Inhibitors of <i>endo</i>‐Xyloglucanases (2015)

A series of N-bromoacetylglycosylamines and bromoketone C-glycosides were synthesised from complex xyloglucan oligosaccharide (XyGO) scaffolds as specific active-site affinity labels for endo-xyloglucanases. Compounds based on XXXG (Xyl3 Glc4 ) and XLLG (Xyl3 Glc4 Gal2 ) oligosaccharides exhibited strikingly higher affinities and higher rates of irreversible inhibition than known cellobiosyl and new lactosyl disaccharide congeners when tested with endo-xyloglucanases from two distinct glycoside hydrolase (GH) families. Intact-protein mass spectrometry indicated that inactivation with XyGO derivatives generally resulted in a 1:1 labelling stoichiometry. Together, these results indicate that XyGO-based affinity reagents have significant potential as inhibitors and proteomic reagents for the identification and analysis of diverse xyloglucan-active enzymes in nature, to facilitate industrial enzyme applications.
Antitumor Promoters from Edible Plants (1994)

Possible inhibitory properties against tumor promotion (anti-tumor promoting activity) food items as well as their active constituents have been studied by an in vitro assay detecting inhibition of tumor promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation. In screening tests of 121 edible plants, 12% of the methanol extracts exhibited strong activity, and 6 and 10% showed moderate and weak activities, respectively. Oleanolic acid (OA) from a green perilla, mokko lactone (ML) and arctic acid from an edible burdock, and gingerol from a ginger were isolated as inhibitors of EBV activation in Raji cells. OA and ML were proven to be anti-tumor promoters by in vivo tests using a mouse skin model. Similar screening tests of marine algae showed that the algae in the genus Phaeophyta, which contains many edible species such as wakame seaweed and sea tangles, in particular possess significant activities. An in vivo test of an extract of wakame seaweed, an important daily food in Japan, indicated strong anti-tumor promoting activity. Further screening tests of tropical plants used as condiments and occasionally medicines suggested that the Zingiberaceae plants possess highly effective anti-tumor promotion activities. (1′S)-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), isolated from Languas galanga, inhibited EBV activation greater than 10 times more potently than other inhibitors from edible plants. On the basis of this investigation, the combination of food constituents is suggested to be a significant source of anti-tumor promoting activity.
Side effects of fast-acting dynamic range compression that affect intelligibility in a competing speech task (2004)

Using a cochlear implant simulator, Stone and Moore [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1023-1034 (2003)] reported that wideband fast-acting compression led to poorer intelligibility than slow-acting compression in a competing speech task. Compression speed was varied by using different pairs of attack and release times. In the first experiment reported here, it is shown that attack times less than about 2 ms in a wideband compressor are deleterious to intelligibility. In experiment 2, fast wideband compression was applied to the target and background either before or after mixing. The former reduced the modulation depth of each signal but maintained the independence between the two signals, while the latter introduced "comodulation." Using simulations with 6 and 11 channels, intelligibility was higher when compression was applied before mixing. In experiment 3, wideband compression was compared with multichannel compression; the latter led to reduced comodulation effects. For 6 channels, the position of the compressor, either wideband or within each channel, had no effect on intelligibility. For 11 channels, channel compression severely degraded intelligibility compared to wideband compression, presumably because of the greater reduction of across-channel contrasts. Overall, caution appears necessary in the use of fast-acting compression in cochlear implants, so as to preserve intelligibility.
The Effect of Pressure on the Microphase Separation of Diblock Copolymer Melts Studied by Dynamic Density Functional Theory Based on Equation of State (2007)

Abstract The effect of pressure on the microphase separation of diblock copolymer melts was investigated by dynamic density functional theory based on equation of state. The results correspond well with experiment data. With the application of high pressure, all of the phase regions corresponding to the different ordered morphologies become narrower. However, the pressure dependence of the order‐disorder transition temperature ( T ODT ) relies on the symmetry of the diblock copolymer. In the very non‐symmetrical case when f is small, T ODT decreases with increasing pressure, while in the symmetrical case when f = 0.5, T ODT increases with increasing pressure. For the latter case, the increase in the total bead number of the system at the ODT is found, which is in good accordance with the experimental phenomenon that there is an increase in volume accompanying with the transition from ordered to disordered state. In contrast to the temperature, the pressure does not influence the starting time and the duration of microphase separation. magnified image
Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: pharmacology, clinical effects and therapeutic potential (1997)

Since the discovery of a second isozyme of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, the field of prostaglandin and inflammation research has rapidly developed. It is becoming more evident that inhibition of COX-2 results in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and that inhibition of COX-1 results in the adverse side-effects seen with these compounds. The mechanisms causing intestinal ulceration and renal toxicity are being elucidated, and large scale clinical trials with a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, and the first clinical results with highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as MK966 and celecoxib, support a superior benefit to risk ratio. In addition, important new areas where COX-2 expression is elevated, such as colonic cancer, have been identified and a role for COX-2 has also been proposed in Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of COX-2 for these indications by selective COX-2 inhibitors may provide effective new therapies in the future.
Advanced Design of Minimalistic Dumbbell-shaped Gene Expression Vectors (2017)

Minimal DNA vectors exclusively comprising therapeutically relevant sequences hold great promise for the development of novel therapeutic regimen. Dumbbell-shaped vectors represent non-viral non-integrating DNA minimal vectors which have entered an advanced stage of clinical development ( Hardee <i>et al.</i>, 2017 ). Spliceable introns and DNA nuclear import signals such as SV40 enhancer sequences are molecular features that have found multiple applications in plasmid vectors to improve transgene expression. In dumbbells however, effects triggered by introns were not investigated and DNA-based nuclear import sequences have not found applications yet, presumably because dumbbell vectors have continuously been minimized with regard to size. We investigated the effects of an intron and/or SV40 enhancer derived sequences on dumbbell vector driven reporter gene expression. The implementation of a spliceable intron was found to enhance gene expression unconditionally in all investigated cell lines. Conversely, the use of the SV40 enhancer improved gene expression in a cell type-dependent manner. Though both features significantly enlarge dumbbell vector size, neither the intron nor the enhancer or a combination of both revealed a negative effect on gene expression. On the contrary, both features together improved dumbbell-driven gene expression up to 160- or 56-fold compared with plasmids or control dumbbells. Thus, it is highly recommended to consider an intron and the SV40 enhancer for dumbbell vector design. Such an advanced design can facilitate pre-clinical and clinical applications of dumbbell-shaped DNA vectors.
Integrated optical directional couplers insilicon-on-insulator (1995)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology offers tremendous potential for integration of optoelectronic functions on a silicon substrate. The authors have demonstrated an integrated 3 dB optical directional coupler using SOI rib waveguides. The device has an excess insertion loss of 1.9 dB and represents a key component for the realisation of wavelength filters in silicon integrated circuit technology.
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives from Renewable Triblock Copolymers (2010)

ABA triblock copolymers were prepared using the renewable monomers menthide and lactide, by sequential ring-opening polymerizations. Initially, hydroxy telechelic polymenthide was synthesized by the diethylene glycol-initiated and tin(II) ethylhexanoate-catalyzed polymerization of menthide. The resulting 100 kg mol−1 polymer was used as a macroinitiator for the tin(II) ethylhexanoate-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide. Two polylactide−polymenthide−polylactide triblock copolymers were prepared with 5 and 10 kg mol−1 polylactide end blocks. Transesterification between the two blocks, and polylactide homopolymer formation were minimized, and triblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions were produced. Microphase separation in these systems was corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The triblocks were combined with up to 60 wt % of a renewable tackifier, and the resulting mixtures were evaluated using probe tack, 180° peel adhesion, and shear strength tests. Maximum values of peel adhesion (3.2 N cm−1) and tack (1.1 N) were obtained at 40 wt % of tackifier. These new materials hold promise as renewable and hydrolytically degradable pressure-sensitive adhesives.
A novel isopolytungstate functionalized by ruthenium: [HW9O33RuII2(dmso)6]7? (2004)

The ruthenium-supported isopolyanion [HW(9)O(33)Ru(II)(2)(dmso)(6)](7-) (1) is composed of a nonatungstate wheel stabilized by two Ru(dmso)(3) groups, representing the first structurally characterized Ru-coordinated polyoxotungstate and a novel class of isopolyanions supporting photochromic moieties.
Chemotherapy triggers apoptosis in a caspase-8-dependent and mitochondria-controlled manner in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460. (2000)

Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis is generally thought to be dependent on a pathway headed by caspase-9. This model is primarily based on studies performed in leukemia cells; however, little is known about caspase cascades in relatively resistant solid tumor cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Using the NSCLC cell line NCI-H460 (H460), here, we studied the effect of stable expression of various caspase inhibitors on apoptosis induced by the anticancer drugs cisplatin, topotecan, and gemcitabine. Interestingly, overexpression of caspase-9S and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), both able to inhibit caspase-9 activity, failed to block apoptosis. In contrast, stable expression of caspase-8 inhibitors, such as cytokine response modifier A (CrmA) and dominant-negative caspase-8, almost completely abrogated apoptosis and also enhanced clonogenic survival. Caspase-8 activation in H460 cells was not mediated by death receptors, inasmuch as overexpression of dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain (FADD-DN) did not prevent procaspase-8 cleavage and subsequent apoptosis. However, stable expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL did suppress these apoptotic events, including the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which was observed in drug-treated H460 cells. In the NSCLC cell line H460, we, thus, provide evidence for the existence of a novel drug-inducible apoptotic pathway in which activation of caspase-8, and not of caspase-9, forms the apical and mitochondria-dependent step that subsequently activates the downstream caspases.
Nonclassical imaging for a quantum search of trapped ions (2004)

We discuss a simple search problem which can be pursued with different methods, either on a classical or on a quantum basis. The system is represented by a chain of trapped ions. The ion to be searched for is a member of that chain, consisting, however, of an isotopic species different from the others. It is shown that classical imaging may lead to the final result as fast as quantum imaging. However, for the discussed case the quantum method gives more flexibility and higher precision when the number of ions considered in the chain increases. In addition, interferences are observable even when the distances between the ions are smaller than half a wavelength of the incident light.
Hydrolyzable Tannins as Antioxidants in the Leaf Extract of Eucalyptus globulus Possessing Tyrosinase and Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activities (2009)

The aqueous ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves has been used as an antioxidant in food additives. From the extract, five ellagitannins and four gallotannins were isolated as the major antioxidative components. Heterophylliin A, 1,3-di-O-galloyl-4,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,4-tri-Ogalloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose are the first to be isolated from this plant. These hydrolyzable tannins exhibited more potent antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase-like activity) than ascorbic acid, as well as inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. Thus, the eucalyptus leaf extract may be useful in food and cosmetics for not only an tioxidation, but also anti-melanogenesis, anti-allergy and anti-inflammation.
<scp>C</scp> lark, <scp>K</scp> enneth and <scp>M</scp> amie (2017)

Kenneth Clark (1914–2005) and Mamie Clark (1917–1983) provided the crucial social scientific evidence that helped the US Supreme Court reach its historic 1954 Brown v. Board of Education school desegregation decision. Mamie Clark went on to an illustrious career in community mental health, and directed one of the few mental‐health centers serving the community of Harlem, New York. Kenneth Clark became a tenured professor of psychology at the City College of New York. Kenneth Clark achieved public fame and was the recipient of numerous awards; however, he died disillusioned by the United States' failure to achieve meaningful racial integration.
Schemes of storing XML query cache (2005)

XML query caching for XML database-backed Web applications began to be investigated recently. However, the issue of how the cached query results are stored has not been addressed despite its practical significance. In this paper, we deal with the schemes of storing XML query cache. A fundamental problem encountered in designing an efficient storage structure for XML query cache is that there exist performance tradeoffs between the two major types of operations on a cached query result. The two are (1) retrieving the whole of it to return the query result and (2) updating just a small portion of it for its incremental refresh against the updates done to its source. We consider eight different schemes of storing XML query cache, which are categorized into three groups: (1) the schemes based on the plain text file, (2) the schemes based on the persistent DOM (PDOM) file, and (3) a scheme employing an RDBMS. All are implemented, and performance of the two operations in each scheme was evaluated.
Equivalent piezoelectric actuator circuits and comparison (2014)

Equivalent piezoelectric actuator circuit is necessary for certain applications. Previous models have limits and are not accurate on modelling the real part of piezo impedance at low frequency range. A simple inverse proportional to frequency model is proposed and experimentally validated. The comparison with other models show also it is the most robust model.
Flavonoids and Affinities of Greyiaceae with a Discussion of the Occurrence of B-Ring Deoxyflavonoids in Dicotyledonous Families (1992)

The leaf surface flavonoid profiles of all three species of Greyia, the sole genus in Greyiaceae, have been shown to consist of a mixture of flavones, flavanones, dihydroflavonols and flavonols, several of which lack B-ring substitution. Several of these compounds were reported as components of Escallonia, a genus thought by some to be related to Greyiaceae. The vacuolar flavonoid profile consists of kaempferol and quercetin 3-0-mono- and diglycosides. Whereas the vacuolar flavonoids are not significant taxonomically, the identification of B-ring deoxyflavonoids as major components of leaf surface exudates of Greyia adds to the list of characters by which Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae can be distinguished. The widespread occurrence of B-ring deoxyflavonoids in dicot families reduces their usefulness for assessing relationships at higher taxonomic levels. The South African endemic, monogeneric family Greyiaceae Hutchinson consists of three species, Greyia flanaganii H. Bolus, G. sutherlandii Hook. & Harv. and G. radlkoferi Szyszyl. Greyia sutherlandii, the Natal bottlebrush, and G. radlko- feri, the mountain bottlebrush, are small, shrub- by, deciduous trees that occur principally in the Drakenberg Mountains. They are very similar and tend to intergrade. Greyia flanaganii, limited in occurrence to the eastern Cape Province, dif- fers from the others in floral features and is evergreen (Steyn 1974; Dahlgren and van Wyk 1988).
DNA damage response and neuroprotection (2007)

The protection of genomic integrity is a major challenge for living cells that are continuously exposed to endogenous and environmental DNA-damaging insults. To cope with the consequences of DNA lesions which interfere with essential DNA-dependent processes including transcription and replication, cells are equipped with an efficient defense mechanism termed the DNA damage response. Its function is to eliminate DNA damage through DNA repair and to remove cells with incurred DNA damage by apoptosis. The DNA damage response has been investigated mainly in proliferating cells, in which the cell cycle machinery is integrated with the DNA damage signaling. Our recent studies suggest that the cell cycle machinery is involved in DNA damage response of postmitotic neurons. Given a high metabolic rate, continuous exposure to oxidative stress and extensive gene transcription activity, the importance of the DNA damage response and the integrated cell cycle signaling for maintaining genomic stability in neurons cannot be overemphasized. The suppression of cell cycle activation is considered neuroprotective, especially in experimental models of stroke. The present review discusses the importance of DNA damage response for postmitotic neurons and the mechanisms of its dysfunction leading to different neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying DNA damage response in neurons may have important therapeutic implications for different neurodegenerative diseases.
Extracranial vascular malformations (hemangiomas and vascular malformations) in children and adolescents – diagnosis, clinic, and therapy (2014)

The field of extracranial vascular anomalies is considered as special focus of pediatric otolaryngology and it has shown a rapid development during the last years. The reason for this interest is finally also due to the global acceptance of the classification introduced by the ISSVA (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies). Hemangiomas are the most frequently observed vascular tumors. Today the systemic propranolol therapy is mostly used for therapy of hemangiomas requiring treatment. Increasingly, the topical application of beta blocker is discussed while the benefit in the head and neck seems to be limited. Vascular malformations are classified according to the morphology of the affected part of the vascular system in arterial, venous, arterio-venous, lymphatic, capillary, and combined vascular malformations. Conventional surgery, sclerosing therapy, and laser treatment are invasive options for the treatment of lymphatic malformations. The options for the treatment of venous malformations could be significantly improved during the last years. In this context, the use of Nd:YAG laser, the conservative treatment of the localized disseminated intravascular coagulation with low-molecular weight heparin, the re-discovery of bleomycin as effective sclerosing agent, and the improvement of alcohol-based embolization agents must be mentioned. Today the treatment with dye laser is the preferred therapy for capillary malformations and it is superior to other therapeutic options as for example photodynamic therapy. Arterio-venous malformations as representatives for high-flow lesions are the high-risk lesions. Frequently they are compared to malignant head and neck tumors, in particular when a curative treatment can no longer be assured because of diffuse or multifocal extent and when the disease shows a progressive course. The combined treatment of embolization and surgical resection and if necessary consecutive defect reconstruction have turned out to be appropriate for arterio-venous malformations. Incurable findings are still a major challenge. Despite the introduction of antiangiogenetic drugs in oncology, the medicamentous therapeutic approach could not be established for arterio-venous malformations up to now.
Self-injection-locked radar sensor with active-integrated-antenna and differentiator-based demodulator for noncontact vital sign detection (2018)

This paper presents a new self-injection-locked (SIL) radar sensor with an active-integrated-antenna (AIA) and a differentiator-based demodulator for noncontact vital sign detection. The AIA is designed to play both roles of radiating the radio-frequency signal and received the scattered-back signal, which is phase-modulated by the human chest movement. Moreover, a novel differentiator-based demodulator is proposed to acquire the vital signs from the modulated signal. The developed radar sensor has been successfully verified as the human subject is located at the distances of 1.5 m and 2.8 m away from the radar. Except for the compactness and low cost, the developed SIL AIA sensor has a frequency-scalable advantage to be realized in the millimeter-wave range for the sensitivity improvement.