gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of fast 4.5 kV SiC p-n diodes (2002)

New results of silicon carbide p-n diodes show a promising performance for high voltage applications. The diodes are characterized by high power ratings, temperature stability, rugged avalanche and fast switching behavior. Significant savings in system cooling equipment seem possible. However, with today's available material the device areas and thereby current ratings which can be fabricated with reasonable yield are restricted to a few square mm resp. a few amps. The SiC p-n diodes are fabricated with implanted p-regions on 39 /spl mu/m thick n-type epitaxial layers with a doping concentration of 2/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/. They exhibit a stable avalanche breakdown at 4800 V and a low leakage current (<20 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/) prior to breakdown. The on-state is characterized by a voltage drop of 4.0 V at a current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/, corresponding to 2.2 A. For current densities above 80 A/cm/sup 2/ lower static losses have been achieved compared to equivalent silicon high voltage diodes. The temperature coefficient is slightly positive guaranteeing a homogeneous current sharing for operation in parallel. The switching performance is characterized by very low dynamic losses. The reverse recovery current peak is considerably lower than the forward current, with a reverse recovery time as short as 30 ns.
Low-cost multibeam phased array antenna for communications with GEO satellites (2013)

In this article, we have shown the development of a unique design concept in which a single planar array antenna consisting of N × M elements on a mobile earth station, such as a navy ship, will require only M phase shifters (for each beam) and one or two hard-wired squints to communicate with several GEO satellites simultaneously by generating multiple independent beams. Our simplified design enables a reduction in both the cost and the complexity of a PAA. This unique concept reduces complexity by requiring full scan capability only in the azimuth plane, thereby reducing the number of phase shifters from NM to M for each beam. At the same time, only one or two hard-wired squints are used in the elevation plane, further reducing the complexity and thus the cost of development of such a PAA.
Low Complexity Radix-4 Butterfly Design for the Viterbi Decoder (2006)

This study presents a new radix-4 butterfly design for Viterbi decoders. The branch symmetry of the radix-4 butterfly is exploited to design a low- complexity radix-4 butterfly module to simplify the implementation of the Viterbi decoder. By exploiting the branch symmetry, only a half of branch metrics need to be computed, while other metrics can be derived from the computed branches. Therefore, the branch metric computation of the radix-4 butterfly can be reduced by a factor of 2. Considering the convolutional code in the DAB system as an example, experimental results indicate that the proposed radix-4 butterfly design can reduce the number of FPGA slices of the radix-4 butterfly module by 24% over the conventional design.
Air-Stable Phosphine Sulfide Ligand Precursors for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides with Aryl Grignard Reagents (2002)

The air-stable phosphine sulfide [(tBu)2P(S)H] serves as a ligand precursor for the efficient nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of a variety of unactivated aryl chlorides with aryl Grignard reagents (Kumada−Tamao−Corriu reaction) at room temperature to yield the corresponding biaryls with isolated product yields ranging from 79 to 97%.
Novel Actuation Methods for High Force Haptics (2010)

Most haptic devices are intended primarily, if not exclusively, to exchange information with a human operator, and often replace or augment traditional computer displays with backdrivable, force-producing tactile interfaces. This includes popular commercial devices
Variable PID Gain Tuning Method Using Backstepping Control With Time-Delay Estimation and Nonlinear Damping (2014)

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers with constant gains seldom meet desired performance when system dynamics rapidly changes due to unknown disturbances. A gain tuning method for variable PID controllers is presented in this paper. First, the equivalence relationship between a discrete PID control and a discrete backstepping control with time-delay estimation and nonlinear damping is clarified, and the variable gains of the PID controller are automatically tuned with a nonlinear damping component. The nonlinear damping terms directly affect system performance and make PID gains vary. The system performance of a variable PID controller with the proposed method is compared with that of a constant PID controller. The experimental results show that the proposed method is adaptive, robust, and effective.
Anthracycline antibiotic 2-hydroxyaclacinomycins. II. Production of 2-hydroxyaclacinomycins A and B by a new recombinant strain and their antitumor activities. (1991)

Anthracycline antibiotics 2-hydroxyaclacinomycins A and B were isolated and purified from the culture broth of a recombinant strain which was produced by protoplast fusion of two aclacinomycin-blocked mutants. 2-Hydroxyaclacinomycin B is a new compound for which chemical structure and the biological activity in vitro were determined. 2-Hydroxyaclacinomycins had a stronger antitumor activity against murine leukemic L1210 cells in mice than the parent antibiotic aclacinomycins.
New peptides of the polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 with the potential to induce cancer-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human leukocyte antigen-A2+ prostate cancer patients (2007)

The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is linked to aggressive prostate cancer and could be an appropriate target in specific immunotherapy. In this study, we attempted to identify EZH2-derived peptides that have the potential to generate cancer-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ prostate cancer patients. Twelve EZH2-derived peptides were prepared based on the HLA-A2 binding motif. These peptide candidates were screened first by their ability to be recognized by immunoglobulin G (IgG), and then by their ability to induce peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). As a result, five EZH2 peptides recognized by IgG (EZH2 120-128, EZH2 165-174, EZH2 569-577, EZH2 665-674, and EZH2 699-708) were frequently detected in the plasma of prostate cancer patients. Among them, the EZH2 120-128 and EZH2 165-174 peptides effectively induced HLA-A2-restricted and cancer-reactive CTLs from prostate cancer patients. The cytotoxicity was mainly dependent on EZH2 peptide-specific and HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that these EZH2 120-128 and EZH2 165-174 peptides could be promising candidates in peptide-based immunotherapy for HLA-A2+ prostate cancer patients.
Noise cleaning and Gaussian modeling of smart phone photoplethysmogram to improve blood pressure estimation (2015)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, captured using smart phones are generally noisy in nature. Although they have been successfully used to determine heart rate from frequency domain analysis, further indirect markers like blood pressure (BP) require time domain analysis for which the signal needs to be substantially cleaned. In this paper we propose a methodology to clean such noisy PPG signals. Apart from filtering, the proposed approach reduces the baseline drift of PPG signal to near zero. Furthermore it models each cycle of PPG signal as a sum of 2 Gaussian functions which is a novel contribution of the method. We show that, the noise cleaning effect produces better accuracy and consistency in estimating BP, compared to the state of the art method that uses the 2-element Windkessel model on features derived from raw PPG signal, captured from an Android phone.
Injectable chitosan-platelet-rich plasma implants to promote tissue regeneration:<i>in vitro</i>properties,<i>in vivo</i>residence, degradation, cell recruitment and vascularization (2017)

The purpose of this study was to develop freeze-dried chitosan formulations that can be solubilized in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to form injectable implants for tissue repair. A systematic approach to adjust formulation parameters, including chitosan number average molar mass (M<sub>n</sub> ), chitosan concentration and lyoprotectant concentration, was undertaken to identify compositions that would rapidly (< 1 min) and completely solubilize in PRP, would have paste-like handling properties upon solubilization and coagulate rapidly (< 5 min) to form solid chitosan-PRP hybrid implants that are stable and homogenous. Freeze-dried cakes containing calcium chloride, as well as distinct chitosan M<sub>n</sub> , chitosan concentration and lyoprotectant concentration, were prepared. PRP was used to solubilize the freeze-dried cakes and assess in vitro and in vivo performance, the latter as dorsal subcutaneous injections into New Zealand White rabbits. Freeze-dried polymer formulations containing low and medium chitosan M<sub>n</sub> and concentrations were rapidly and completely solubilized in PRP. The paste-like chitosan-PRP mixtures coagulated quickly to form solid chitosan-PRP hybrids, which retracted much less than PRP-only controls. Homogeneous dispersion of chitosan within the hybrid clots was strongly dependent on chitosan M<sub>n</sub> , and occurred only with medium M<sub>n</sub> chitosan. Chitosan-PRP hybrid clots were resident subcutaneously in vivo until at least 2 weeks while PRP controls were quickly degraded in one day. Compared to PRP alone, chitosan-PRP hybrids had much greater capacity to induce local cell recruitment accompanied by angiogenesis, suggesting a strong potential for their use in regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward point-of-care management of chronic respiratory conditions: Electrochemical sensing of nitrite content in exhaled breath condensate using reduced graphene oxide (2017)

We present a portable non-invasive approach for measuring indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress in the respiratory tract by quantifying a biomarker in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). We discuss the fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized electrochemical sensor for detecting nitrite content in EBC using reduced graphene oxide. The nitrite content in EBC has been demonstrated to be a promising biomarker of inflammation in the respiratory tract, particularly in asthma. We utilized the unique properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO); specifically, the material is resilient to corrosion while exhibiting rapid electron transfer with electrolytes, thus allowing for highly sensitive electrochemical detection with minimal fouling. Our rGO sensor was housed in an electrochemical cell fabricated from polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), which was necessary to analyze small EBC sample volumes. The sensor is capable of detecting nitrite at a low over-potential of 0.7 V with respect to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. We characterized the performance of the sensors using standard nitrite/buffer solutions, nitrite spiked into EBC, and clinical EBC samples. The sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.21 μA μM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> in the range of 20-100 μM and of 0.1 μA μM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> in the range of 100-1000 μM nitrite concentration and exhibited a low detection limit of 830 nM in the EBC matrix. To benchmark our platform, we tested our sensors using seven pre-characterized clinical EBC samples with concentrations ranging between 0.14 and 6.5 μM. This enzyme-free and label-free method of detecting biomarkers in EBC can pave the way for the development of portable breath analyzers for diagnosing and managing changes in respiratory inflammation and disease.
Recent Progress on PEDOT-Based Thermoelectric Materials (2015)

The thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based materials have attracted attention recently because of their remarkable electrical conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit. In this review, we summarize recent efforts toward improving the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT-based materials. We also discuss thermoelectric measurement techniques and several unsolved problems with the PEDOT system such as the effect of water absorption from the air and the anisotropic thermoelectric properties. In the last part, we describe our work on improving the power output of thermoelectric modules by using PEDOT, and we outline the potential applications of polymer thermoelectric generators.
Elemental Tracers of Distant Regional Pollution Aerosols (1984)

A seven-element tracer system shows that regional pollution aerosols of both North America and Europe have characteristic signatures that can be followed into remote areas up to several thousand kilometers downwind. In aerosols of mixed origin, regional contributions to the tracer elements can be resolved by least-squares procedures. After transport of several hundred kilometers, secondary sulfate can also be apportioned satisfactorily. Regional elemental tracers thus offer a way to determine the sources of pollution aerosol in important areas such as the northeastern United States, Scandinavia, and the Arctic.
Dual-band tunable graphene-based filter (2017)

We have demonstrated a scalable dual-band tunable infrared filter based on gating of a continuous graphene layer. The measured and modeled response of the device are in good agreement.
Effect of fish oil, arginine, and doxorubicin chemotherapy on remission and survival time for dogs with lymphoma: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. (2000)

Fatty acids of the n-3 series normalize elevated blood lactic acid in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an increase in DFI and ST for dogs with lymphoma.
Sensor-Less Fully Transperineal Fusion-Guided Prostate Biopsy (2017)

Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the United States with an estimated 181,000 new cases and 26,000 deaths in 2016 [1]. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis in which the imaging and needle insertion are both done transrectally. Since ultrasound guidance results in insufficient sensitivity of prostate cancer diagnosis (40–60%), fusion of preoperative MRI with real-time US has been proposed to increase the sensitivity (∼ 90%). Transperineal biopsies have recently gained attention using a brachytherapy grid to biopsy through the perineum rather than the rectum, practically eliminating the possibility of infection. To enable MR-US fusion, electromagnetic tracking system is commonly used to make a 3D volume out of a stack of 2D US images acquired during an initial sweep of prostate. The EM tracking however is somewhat undesirable as it adds to the cost of the procedure and is prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method that eliminates the need for such external tracking devices and inserts the needle transperineally thus reducing infection risks. Also, the procedure is more comfortable to the patient since the TRUS probe is eliminated. A patient specific grid template is designed based on the MR image of the patient.
A G Protein-coupled Receptor from Zebrafish Is Activated by Human Parathyroid Hormone and Not by Human or Teleost Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (1999)

Genomic and cDNA clones encoding portions of a putative catfish parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2 receptor (PTH2R) led to the isolation of a cDNA encoding a full-length zebrafish PTH2R (zPTH2R). The zPTH2R shared 63 and 60% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat PTH2Rs, respectively, 47-52% identity with mammalian and frog PTH/PTHrP receptors (PTH1R), and less than 37% with other members of this family of G protein-coupled receptors. COS-7 cells expressing zPTH2R(43), a 5' splice variant that lacked 17 amino acids in the amino-terminal extracellular domain, showed cAMP accumulation when challenged with [Tyr(34)]hPTH(1-34)-amide (hPTH) (EC(50), 1.64 +/- 0. 95 nM) and [Ile(5),Trp(23),Tyr(36)]hPTHrP-(1-36)-amide ([Ile(5), Trp(23)]hPTHrP) (EC(50), 46.8 +/- 12.1 nM) but not when stimulated with [Tyr(36)]hPTHrP-(1-36)-amide (hPTHrP), [Trp(23), Tyr(36)]hPTHrP-(1-36)-amide ([Trp(23)]hPTHrP), or [Ala(29),Glu(30), Ala(34),Glu(35),Tyr(36)]fugufish PTHrP-(1-36)amide (fuguPTHrP). FuguPTHrP also failed to activate the human PTH2R but had similar efficiency and efficacy as hPTH and hPTHrP when tested with cells expressing the human PTH1R. Agonist-dependent activation of zPTH2R was less efficient than that of zPTH2R(43), and both receptor variants showed no cAMP accumulation when stimulated with either secretin, growth hormone-releasing hormone, or calcitonin. The zPTH2R thus has ligand specificity similar to that of the human homolog, which raises the possibility that a PTH-like molecule exists in zebrafish, species which lack parathyroid glands.
Dual port single patch antenna with high interport isolation for 2.4 GHz in-band full duplex wireless applications (2016)

In-band full duplex (IBFD) wireless communication operation can be realized by suppressing the self-interference at the receiver that is caused by coupling of radio frequency (RF) power from its own transmitter. In case of analog/RF domain self-interference cancellations techniques, most of the reported systems require transceivers with multiple transmit and receive antennas in order to achieve sufficient isolation. We have designed a dual port orthogonal polarized single patch antenna without a circulator/duplexer for IBFD communication, which uses external feed forward loop for self-interference cancellation in RF domain. The implemented antenna provides 47.5 dB interport isolation without feed forward loop and 73.5 dB isolation between transmit and receive ports at 2.4 GHz when external feed forward loop is activated. In both cases, the interport isolation is better than 40 dB for 24 MHz antenna 10 dB input impedance bandwidth. The peak isolation operating frequency can be adjusted by changing the loop attenuation and phase shift to operate antenna at any frequency within 24 MHz antenna 10 dB input impedance bandwidth. The interport isolation measurement results with peak isolation at lower cutoff and upper cutoff frequencies of antenna input impedance bandwidth adjusted through loop tuning are also presented.
Comprehensive evaluation of differential serodiagnosis between Zika and dengue viral infection (2018)

Summary Diagnostic testing for Zika virus (ZIKV) or dengue virus (DENV) infection can be accomplished by a nucleic acid detection method; however, a negative result does not exclude infection due to the low virus titer during infection depending on the timing of sample collection. Therefore, a ZIKV- or DENV-specific serological assay is essential for the accurate diagnosis of patients and to prevent potential severe health outcomes. A retrospective study design with dual approaches of collecting human serum samples for testing was developed. All serum samples were extensively evaluated by using both non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs) and soluble non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in the standard immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Both VLP- and NS1-MAC-ELISAs were found to have similar sensitivity for detecting anti-premembrane/envelope and NS1 antibodies from ZIKV-infected patient sera. Group cross reactive (GR)-antibody-ablated homologous fusion peptide-mutated (FP)-VLPs consistently showed higher P/N values than homologous wild-type VLPs. Therefore, FP-VLPs were used to develop the algorithm for differentiating ZIKV from DENV infection. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the FP-VLP-MAC-ELISA and the NS1-MAC-ELISA were each higher than 80% with no statistical significance. A novel approach to differentiate ZIKV from DENV infection serologically has been developed. The accuracy can reach up to 95% when combining both VLP and NS1 assays. In comparison to current guidelines using neutralization tests to measure ZIKV antibody, this approach can facilitate laboratory screening for ZIKV infection, especially in regions where DENV infection is endemic and capacity for neutralization testing does not exist.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Prevention of Persistent Fetal Infection by a Combination of Two Mutations Affecting E<sup>rns</sup>RNase and N<sup>pro</sup>Protease (2007)

Different genetically engineered mutants of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were analyzed for the ability to establish infection in the fetuses of pregnant heifers. The virus mutants exhibited either a deletion of the overwhelming part of the genomic region coding for the N-terminal protease N(pro), a deletion of codon 349, which abrogates the RNase activity of the structural glycoprotein E(rns), or a combination of both mutations. Two months after infection of pregnant cattle with wild-type virus or either of the single mutants, the majority of the fetuses contained virus or were aborted or found dead in the uterus. In contrast, the double mutant was not recovered from fetal tissues after a similar challenge, and no dead fetuses were found. This result was verified with a nonrelated BVDV containing similar mutations. After intrauterine challenge with wild-type virus, mutated viruses, and cytopathogenic BVDV, all viruses could be detected in fetal tissue after 5, 7, and 14 days. Type 1 interferon (IFN) could be detected in fetal serum after challenge, except with wild-type noncytopathogenic BVDV. On days 7 and 14 after challenge, the largest quantities of IFN in fetal serum were induced by the N(pro) and RNase-negative double mutant virus. The longer duration of fetal infection with the double mutant resulted in abortion. Therefore, for the first time, we have demonstrated the essential role of both N(pro) and E(rns) RNase in blocking interferon induction and establishing persistent infection by a pestivirus in the natural host.
High Saturation Magnetization and Soft Magnetic Properties of bcc Fe&ndash;Zr&ndash;B Alloys with Ultrafine Grain Structure (1990)

A new soft magnetic material exhibiting high magnetizations (B800) of 1.60 to 1.70 T under an applied field of 800 kA/m as well as high effective permeabilities (μe) of 13000 to 15000 at 1 kHz was produced in Fe–Zr–B alloys ranging from 5 to 7 at% Zr and 2 to 6%B. The material consists of a bcc phase produced by annealing the melt-spun Fe–Zr–B amorphous ribbons for 3.6 ks in the range of 873 to 923 K and the grain size is as small as 15 to 20 nm. The lattice parameter of the bcc phase is about 0.2870 nm which is larger than that of pure α-Fe. The crystallization-induced bcc phase is a metastable phase saturated with the solute elements and the annealing at temperatures above 973 K brings about a decomposition of the bcc phase to α-Fe and Fe3Zr, leading to a drastic decrease of μe. The bcc Fe–Zr–B alloys possess B800 and μe much higher than those of Fe–Si–B amorphous alloys and hence are highly attractive as a new soft magnetic material.
Synchronizing nonautonomous chaotic circuits (1993)

Shows that the synchronizing of chaotic circuits may be extended to circuits that are periodically forced. The authors use a phase correction circuit to match the phase in a response circuit to the phase in a drive circuit. These periodically forced synchronized chaotic circuits are much more noise-resistant than autonomous synchronized chaotic circuits, even when the noise is chaos with large components in the same frequency band as the synchronizing signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>