gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanotube‐grafted polyacrylamide hydrogels for electrophoretic protein separation (2012)

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified polyacrylamide gels have been employed for the electrophoretic separation of proteins. Two approaches are compared in this investigation, one using nanotubes only as fillers inside the gel matrix and the other using nanotubes as catalyst for polymerization of acrylamide. In both the cases, polymerization of acryl-amide/bisacrylamide has been carried out in situ in the presence of nanotubes dispersed in the gel buffer containing monomer and cross-linker. In the former case, initiator and catalyst have been added after ultrasonication of nanotubes in the gel buffer mixture where the nanotubes play the role of filler. On the other hand, the second approach precludes use of catalyst and involves addition of initiator alone during ultrasonication of nanotubes in the gel buffer containing monomer and cross-linker, which leads to the formation of nanotube-grafted gel after 25 min. When nanotubes are used as a catalyst instead of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, pore size distribution of the gel matrix and linearity of molecular weight calibration plots are found to be improved. In addition, other issues associated with the use of an external catalyst like handling the moisture-sensitive and corrosive reagent and associated irreproducibility are addressed in this approach.
Two Machine Learning Approaches for Short-Term Wind Speed Time-Series Prediction (2015)

The increasing liberalization of European electricity markets, the growing proportion of intermittent renewable energy being fed into the energy grids, and also new challenges in the patterns of energy consumption (such as electric mobility) require flexible and intelligent power grids capable of providing efficient, reliable, economical, and sustainable energy production and distribution. From the supplier side, particularly, the integration of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar) into the grid imposes an engineering and economic challenge because of the limited ability to control and dispatch these energy sources due to their intermittent characteristics. Time-series prediction of wind speed for wind power production is a particularly important and challenging task, wherein prediction intervals (PIs) are preferable results of the prediction, rather than point estimates, because they provide information on the confidence in the prediction. In this paper, two different machine learning approaches to assess PIs of time-series predictions are considered and compared: 1) multilayer perceptron neural networks trained with a multiobjective genetic algorithm and 2) extreme learning machines combined with the nearest neighbors approach. The proposed approaches are applied for short-term wind speed prediction from a real data set of hourly wind speed measurements for the region of Regina in Saskatchewan, Canada. Both approaches demonstrate good prediction precision and provide complementary advantages with respect to different evaluation criteria.
Improving ATM security via face recognition (2011)

A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. Proposed paper uses face recognition technique for verification in ATM system. For face recognition, there are two types of comparisons. The first is verification, this is where the system compares the given individual with who that individual says they are and gives a yes or no decision. The next one is identification this is where the system compares the given individual to all the other individuals in the database and gives a ranked list of matches. Face recognition technology analyzes the unique shape, pattern and positioning of the facial features. Face recognition is very complex technology and is largely software based. This Biometric Methodology establishes the analysis framework with PCA algorithms for each type of biometric device. Face recognition starts with a picture, attempting to find a person in the image. This can be accomplished using several methods including movement, skin tones, or blurred human shapes.
Big Data: Issues and Challenges Moving Forward (2013)

Big data refers to data volumes in the range of exabytes (1018) and beyond. Such volumes exceed the capacity of current on-line storage systems and processing systems. Data, information, and knowledge are being created and collected at a rate that is rapidly approaching the exabyte/year range. But, its creation and aggregation are accelerating and will approach the zettabyte/year range within a few years. Volume is only one aspect of big data; other attributes are variety, velocity, value, and complexity. Storage and data transport are technology issues, which seem to be solvable in the near-term, but represent longterm challenges that require research and new paradigms. We analyze the issues and challenges as we begin a collaborative research program into methodologies for big data analysis and design.
High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (2002)

Progress in understanding the major loss mechanisms have led to rapid improvements in efficiency that have meant that OLEDs will soon be the material of choice for many display applications. In this review, we will discuss in details the main factors that need to be addressed in order to optimise the overall device performance.
Exploring Vocation: Reframing Undergraduate Education as a Quest for Purpose (2014)

Between 1999 and 2012, the Lilly Endowment placed major resources into a unique experiment in undergraduate education. Called the Program on the Theological Exploration of Vocation (PTEV), this pro...
Overview of multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence techniques in the era of cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue pathology. However, this technique is associated with a number of limitations, including high inter-observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue section. This review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition, cellular functional and cell-cell interactions. Among these techniques, multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) has emerged to be particularly promising. mIHC/IF provides high-throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible, efficient and cost-effective tissue studies. This technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice, particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
The Imeschs from the Upper Valais - Glimpses of a Swiss and North-American Family (2006)

The Valais is the third-largest canton of Switzerland covering 2016 square miles of which only 1107 are productive. It is also a world of its own: it received its name "the valley" from the 100 mile long valley of the Rhone River which has its source above the small town of Gletsch below the highest point of the Furka pass. This main valley is flanked on the north and south side by many of the highest peaks of the Swiss Alps. The northern side toward the Canton of Bern is forbiddingly steep, and the Lotschental and the valley leading to the Leukerbad are the only valleys which branch off on this side while many long and deep valleys branch off on the southern side, e.g. the Mattertal with Zermatt, the Saastal with Saas Fee, the Val d' Anniviers, the Val d'Herense, the Val de Bagnes, the Val d'Entremonts leading to the Grand Saint-Bernard Pass. Because of these formidable mountain ranges, the only open access to the canton is at its westernmost point toward the Lake of Geneva, and even there one has to pass through a narrow gate at Saint-Maurice to enter the main part of the Valais. All the other routes to the canton must cross mountain passes: the Furka and Grimsel from the east, the Nufenen, Simplon, Grand Saint-Bernard and Col de Forclaz from the south, and the only access from the north are from Aigle over the Col des Mosses and the Col du Pillon and through the Lotschberg tunnel and the Lotschental.
An InAs-Based Intersubband Quantum Cascade Laser (2002)

Quantum cascade laser structures using InAs quantum wells are designed, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and processed into lasers. The intersubband transition is chosen to be bound-to-continuum and the double plasmon waveguide is employed as a cladding structure. Lasing at 10.1 µm has been observed at 4 K with a threshold current density of 5.2 kA/cm2.
Internalization and Biodistribution of Polymersomes Into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

The prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not improving despite advances in surgical treatment. As with many cancers, there is a need to deliver therapeutic agents with greater efficiency into OSCC to improve treatment and patient outcome. The development of polymersomes offers a novel way to deliver therapy directly into tumor cells. Here we examined the internalization and biodistribution of two different fluorescently labeled polymersome formulations; polyethylene oxide (PEO)-poly 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDPA) and poly 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (PMPC)-PDPA, into SCC4 OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro SCC4 monolayers internalized PMPC-PDPA and PEO-PDPA at similar rates. However, in vivo PMPC-PDPA polymersomes penetrated deeper and were more widely dispersed in SCC4 tumors than PEO-PDPA polymersomes. In the liver and spleen PMPC-PDPA mainly accumulated in tissue macrophages. However, in tumors PMPC-PDPA was found extensively in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated macrophages. Use of PMPC-PDPA polymersomes may enhance polymersome-mediated antitumor therapy.
Appstract (2016)

Services like Google Now on Tap and Bing Snapp enable new user experiences by understanding the semantics of contents that users consume in their apps. These systems send contents of currently displayed app pages to the cloud to identify relevant entities (e.g., a movie) appearing in the current page and show information related to such entities (e.g., local theaters playing the movie). These new experiences come with privacy concerns as they can send sensitive on-screen data (bank details, medical data, etc.) to the cloud. We propose a novel approach that efficiently extracts app content semantics on the device, without exfiltrating user data. Our solution consists of two phases: an offline, user-agnostic, in-cloud phase that automatically annotates apps' UI elements with stable semantics, and a lightweight on-device phase that assigns semantics to captured app contents on the fly, by matching the annotations. With this automatic approach we annotated 100+ food, dining, and music apps, with accuracy over 80%. Our system implementation for Android and Windows Phone---Appstract---incurs minimal runtime overhead. We built eight use cases on the Appstract framework.
Clinical Experience of Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Tumor with Particular Reference to Cortical Function (1993)

We reviewed 14 male and 9 female patients with adrenal tumor discovered incidentally by imaging studies in an attempt to assess adrenal function, mainly cortical function. Pathological diagnosis consisted of cortical adenoma in 12 patients, cortical nodular hyperplasia in 2, medullary hyperplasia in 1, cavernous hemangioma in 1, metastatic tumor in 4 and cyst in 2. Another adrenal cyst was diagnosed by percutaneous puncture. In all patients peripheral levels of plasma cortisol and aldosterone were normal. Plasma catecholamine levels were also normal except for 1 patient with medullary hyperplasia who had equivocal elevation. Among the patients with cortical adenoma and hyperplasia, however, 5 of 10 (50%) had excessive excretion of 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, 4 of 13 (31%) had a loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm and 7 of 14 (50%) had insufficient suppression on the dexamethasone test. Furthermore all patients had an increased ipsilateral uptake that was not suppressed after dexamethasone on 131iodine-adosterol scintigraphy, while a diminished contralateral uptake was noted in 5 of 15 (33%). Postoperatively, hypertension decreased to normal in 2 of 3 patients and impaired glucose tolerance was improved in 1 of 2. Two patients with cortical adenoma who exhibited a loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm experienced postoperative adrenal insufficiency. These data indicate that a considerable number of incidentally discovered adrenal tumors are not nonfunctioning particularly in reference to glucocorticoid secretion, and adrenalectomy seems to be beneficial in some of those patients with hypertension or impaired glucose tolerance.
Unexpected Serum Parathyroid Hormone Profiles in Some Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2006)

Our results confirm that third-generation PTH assays do not measure only PTH(1-84). The frequency of this unexpected finding of markedly lower PTH concentrations than previously reported was approximately 5% in patients with PHPT without malignancy. We do not know whether the presence of this unexpected profile is predictive of malignancy.
Efficiently Refactoring Java Applications to Use Generic Libraries (2005)

Abstract. Java 1.5 generics enable the creation of reusable container classes with compiler-enforced type-safe usage. This eliminates the need for potentially unsafe down-casts when retrieving elements from containers. We present a refactoring that replaces raw references to generic library classes with parameterized references. The refactoring infers actual type parameters for allocation sites and declarations using an existing framework of type constraints, and removes casts that have been rendered redundant. The refactoring was implemented in Eclipse, a popular open-source development environment for Java, and laid the grounds for a similar refactoring in the forthcoming Eclipse 3.1 release. We evaluated our work by refactoring several Java programs that use the standard collections framework to use Java 1.5’s generic version instead. In these benchmarks, on average, 48.6 % of the casts are removed, and 91.2 % of the compiler warnings related to the use of raw types are eliminated. Our approach distinguishes itself from the state-of-the-art [8] by being more scalable, by its ability to accommodate user-defined subtypes of generic library classes, and by being incorporated in a popular integrated development environment. 1
Real-time uncertainty visualization for B-mode ultrasound (2015)

B-mode ultrasound is a very well established imaging modality and is widely used in many of today's clinical routines. However, acquiring good images and interpreting them correctly is a challenging task due to the complex ultrasound image formation process depending on a large number of parameters. To facilitate ultrasound acquisitions, we introduce a novel framework for real-time uncertainty visualization in B-mode images. We compute real-time per-pixel ultrasound Confidence Maps, which we fuse with the original ultrasound image in order to provide the user with an interactive feedback on the quality and credibility of the image. In addition to a standard color overlay mode, primarily intended for educational purposes, we propose two perceptional visualization schemes to be used in clinical practice. Our mapping of uncertainty to chroma uses the perceptionally uniform L*a*b* color space to ensure that the perceived brightness of B-mode ultrasound remains the same. The alternative mapping of uncertainty to fuzziness keeps the B-mode image in its original grayscale domain and locally blurs or sharpens the image based on the uncertainty distribution. An elaborate evaluation of our system and user studies on both medical students and expert sonographers demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed technique. In particular for ultrasound novices, such as medical students, our technique yields powerful visual cues to evaluate the image quality and thereby learn the ultrasound image formation process. Furthermore, seeing the distribution of uncertainty adjust to the transducer positioning in real-time, provides also expert clinicians with a strong visual feedback on their actions. This helps them to optimize the acoustic window and can improve the general clinical value of ultrasound.
Expression of α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (P504S) in Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Prostate (2002)

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the prostate, also known as adenosis, is characterized by a proliferation of prostatic glands with abnormal architectural patterns, but without significant cytologic atypia. In some cases it may be difficult to distinguish AAH from prostatic carcinoma. Additionally, it is not clear whether AAH is a precursor lesion of prostatic adenocarcinoma. P504S, a protein highly expressed in prostatic adenocarcinoma, has been recently shown to be a marker of prostate cancer. The goal of this study is to examine the expression of P504S in AAH by immunohistochemistry. A total of 80 prostate specimens, including 40 cases of AAH (prostatectomy N = 30, biopsy N = 6, transurethral resection N = 4), 20 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas, and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, were studied. Immunohistochemistry for a prostate cancer marker alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) and a basal cell-specific marker 34betaE12 was performed in all the cases. The 34betaE12 stain confirmed the presence of patchy basal cells in all 40 cases of AAH. P504S was undetectable in the majority of AAHs (33 of 40, 82.5%), focally expressed in four of 40 (10.0%), or diffusely positive only in three of 40 (7.5%) cases of AAH. Interestingly, two of seven P504S-positive AAHs were found adjacent to adenocarcinoma. In contrast, all benign prostatic hyperplasias (20 of 20, 100%) were negative for P504S, and all 20 cases of prostatic carcinomas (100%) showed a diffuse P504S staining pattern. These findings suggest that AAH is a heterogenous entity. The biologic significance of P504S expression in a small subset of AAH remains to be determined. Because most cases of AAH are negative for P504S, immunostaining of P504S is also of diagnostic value in distinguishing the majority of AAHs from prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Frequency and distribution of herpesvirus‐like DNA sequences (KSHV) in different stages of classic Kaposi's sarcoma and in normal tissues from an Italian population (1996)

The frequency and distribution of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences (KSHV) were investigated by PCR in the pathologic skin lesions of a series of 22 HIV-negative elderly patients with classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) from Italy, one of the few regions of the world where classic KS is prevalent. Viral sequences were clearly identifiable in 15 cases, in particular in 2 of 5 patch, in 3 of 6 plaque and in 10 of 11 nodular lesions. Our findings confirm the association of these herpesvirus-like DNA sequences with KS in unrelated populations, providing evidence of the putative KS-associated agent in all different histologic lesions of the disease, mainly in the nodular stage. The search for other herpesviruses by PCR showed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences were present in 7 of 22 pathologic skin lesions. In 4 cases, both EBV and KSHV were present. On the contrary, all 22 classic KS specimens were negative for human herpesvirus-6 sequences. Two of 3 patch and the 1 nodular lesions from AIDS-related KS patients examined were positive for KSHV but negative for both EBV and HHV-6 sequences. Furthermore, we evaluated the prevalence of KSHV sequences in the normal population of the same geographical area. Thirteen peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, 9 salivary gland tissues and 6 saliva samples from healthy subjects were invariably found negative for KSHV, using the same PCR technique. Of interest, 2 of 11 hyperplastic tonsils harboured these herpesvirus-like sequences, suggesting that, like other herpesviruses, the KS-associated agent may be harboured in a proportion of normal individuals and tonsils may represent at least one of the possible reservoirs of this putative lymphotropic γ-herpesvirus in vivo. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fast nearest neighbor search in high-dimensional space (2002)

Similarity search in multimedia databases requires an efficient support of nearest neighbor search on a large set of high dimensional points as a basic operation for query processing. As recent theoretical results show, state of the art approaches to nearest neighbor search are not efficient in higher dimensions. In our new approach, we therefore precompute the result of any nearest neighbor search which corresponds to a computation of the voronoi cell of each data point. In a second step, we store the voronoi cells in an index structure efficient for high dimensional data spaces. As a result, nearest neighbor search corresponds to a simple point query on the index structure. Although our technique is based on a precomputation of the solution space, it is dynamic, i.e. it supports insertions of new data points. An extensive experimental evaluation of our technique demonstrates the high efficiency for uniformly distributed as well as real data. We obtained a significant reduction of the search time compared to nearest neighbor search in the X tree (up to a factor of 4).
N<sup>1</sup>-Alkylated Pyrimidine Films as a New Potential Optical Data Storage Medium (2006)

We investigate several compounds of the type 1,1‘-(α,ω-alkanediyl)bis[pyrimidine] and 1-(ω-bromoalkyl)uracil, which can undergo photoinduced (2π + 2π) cycloaddition reactions on exposure to UV light at 254 and 257 nm, which have been synthesized for application in high capacity optical data storage. Their dimerization efficiency was compared, in solution, with uracil as a reference, and as films, to investigate the correlation between solution and film. Films of good quality displaying excellent thermal and optical stability can be fabricated. A significant optical contrast between the irradiated and nonirradiated medium was observed. 1,1‘-(1,3-Propanediyl)bis[uracil], 1,1‘-(1,8-octanediyl)bis[uracil], and 1-(6-bromohexyl)uracil showed remarkably good dimerization efficiency and are a significant improvement compared to previously reported similar systems. Gray scale and holographic grating storage are also demonstrated in the films. Writing and reading of the gray scale can be performed at the same wavelength.
A novel biomonitoring system using microbial fuel cells (2007)

A novel biomonitoring system using microbial fuel cells for detecting the inflow of toxic substances into water systems has been developed for the purpose of on-site and on-line monitoring. The characteristics of electric current generation by electrochemically-active bacteria were conveniently monitored using a microbial fuel cell format and a computer-controlled potentiometer. When toxic substances (an organophosphorus compound, Pb, Hg, and PCBs) were added to the microbial fuel cell, rapid decreases in the current were observed. The inhibition ratios caused by inflow of these toxic substances (1 mg l(-1)) were 61%, 46%, 28% and 38%, respectively, when compared to the control, and generally increased in proportion to the addition time and concentration of toxic substances. When real wastewater was applied from a local wastewater treatment plant, more significant current decreases and higher inhibition ratios were observed following the introduction of toxic substances than in the laboratory tests. For example, the inhibition ratio was 76% on addition of a 1 mg l(-1) Cd and 1 mg l(-1) Pb mixture. Application of the microbial fuel cell for pollutant biomonitoring is discussed.