gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-layer-coated surfaces with linearized reflectance versus angle of incidence: application to passive and active silicon rotation sensors (1995)

A transparent or absorbing substrate can be coated with a transparent thin film to produce a linear reflectance-versus-angle-of-incidence response over a certain range of angles. Linearization at and near normal incidence is a special case that leads to a maximally flat response for p-polarized, s-polarized, or unpolarized light. For midrange and high-range linearization with moderate and high slopes, respectively, the best results are obtained when the incident light is s polarized. Application to a Si substrate that is coated with a SiO2 film leads to novel passive and active reflection rotation sensors. Experimental results and an error analysis of this rotation sensor are presented.
Tunable high-power solid-state sources for the blue and ultraviolet (2009)

We describe new sources of tunable, high-power radiation in the blue and ultraviolet. Continuous-wave (cw), singlefrequency blue radiation tunable across 425-489 nm and femtosecond ultraviolet (UV) radiation tunable across 250-355 nm is generated by intracavity frequency-doubling of resonant signal radiation in cw and ultrafast optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) in singly-resonant oscillator (SRO) configuration. The cw SRO, pumped in the green, uses a 30-mm MgO:sPPLT as the nonlinear material and a 5-mm BiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (BIBO) crystal for internal doubling. Using this approach, we generate 1.27 W of cw blue power with a linewidth of 8.5 MHz and a TEM<sub>00</sub> profile. The device also generate a singlefrequency signal output of ~100 mW across 850-978 nm and up to 2.6 W of idler power in the 1167-1422 nm spectral range. The femtosecond SRO, based on a 400-μm BIBO crystal and pumped at 415 nm in the blue, can provide visible femtosecond signal pulses across 500-710 nm. Using a 500-μm crystal of β-BaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> internal to the SRO cavity, efficient frequency doubling of the signal pulses into the UV is achieved, providing tunable femtosecond pulses across 250-355 nm with up to 225 mW of average power at 76 MHz. Cross-correlation measurements result in UV pulses with durations down to 132 fs for 180 fs blue pump pulses.
Visualization of hydrocarbon drainage using 4-D seismic techniques (1996)

Within the Global Basins Research Network, we have developed 4-D volume processing and attribute analysis algorithms to identify significant seismic amplitude interconnectivity and changes over time that result from active fluid migration. To visualize this 4-D imaging, we have developed AVS-based software that uses multiple 3-D seismic surveys done several years apart over the same blocks. Normalization, cross-correlation, and differencing produces images of drainage recorded in seismic attribute changes over time. We have applied these 4-D imaging techniques to the Eugene Island 330 Field of offshore Louisiana, central Gulf of Mexico. Three main producing reservoirs were examined, the JD, KE and particularly, the LF which is the most prolific oil producer in the field. Dim-outs were detected where production replaced oil with water during the interval of investigation, and seismic amplitude increases were observed where gas/oil ratios increased during production. These changes were then tested against time-dependent water saturation measurements made by pulsed-neutron logs through casing and production histories. Visualization of 4-D seismic monitoring utilizing repeated 3-D seismic surveys promises to identify missed hydrocarbon zones and provide enhanced production control in the future.
PBI‐Based Polymer Membranes for High Temperature Fuel Cells – Preparation, Characterization and Fuel Cell Demonstration (2004)

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes is briefly reviewed. The newest development in alternative polymer electrolytes for operation above 100 °C is summarized and discussed. As one of the successful approaches to high operational temperatures, the development and evaluation of acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are reviewed, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, acid doping, physicochemical characterization and fuel cell testing. A high temperature PEMFC system, operational at up to 200 °C based on phosphoric acid‐doped PBI membranes, is demonstrated. It requires little or no gas humidification and has a CO tolerance of up to several percent. The direct use of reformed hydrogen from a simple methanol reformer, without the need for any further CO removal, has been demonstrated. A lifetime of continuous operation, for over 5000 h at 150 °C, and shutdown‐restart thermal cycle testing for 47 cycles has been achieved. Other issues such as cooling, heat recovery, possible integration with fuel processing units, associated problems and further development are discussed.
Thin film eddy current impulse deicer (1990)

Two new styles of electrical impulse deicers has been developed and tested in NASA's Icing Research Tunnel. With the Eddy Current Repulsion Deicing Boot (EDB), a thin and flexible spiral coil is encapsulated between two thicknesses of elastomer. The coil, made by an industrial printed circuit board manufacturer, is bonded to the aluminum aircraft leading edge. A capacitor bank is discharged through the coil. Induced eddy currents repel the coil from the aluminum aircraft structure and shed accumulated ice. A second configuration, the Eddy Current Repulsion Deicing-Strip (EDS) uses an outer metal erosion strip fastened over the coil. Opposite flowing eddy currents repel the strip and create the impulse deicing force. The outer strip serves as a surface for the collection and shedding of ice and does not require any structural properties. The EDS is suitable for composite aircraft structures. Both systems successfully dispelled over 95 percent of the accumulated ice from airfoils over the range of the FAA icing envelope.
Privacy Enhanced Decision Tree Inference (2020)

In many areas in machine learning, decision trees play a crucial role in classification and regression. When a decision tree based classifier is hosted as a service in a critical application with the need for privacy protection of the service as well as the user data, fully homomorphic encrypted can be employed. However, a decision node in a decision tree can't be directly implemented in FHE. In this paper, we describe an end-to-end approach to support privacyenhanced decision tree classification using IBM supported open-source library HELib. Using several options for building a decision node and employing oblivious computations coupled with an argmax function in FHE we show that a highly secure and trusted decision tree service can be enabled.
Maximizing SCM content of blended cements (2015)

Today Portland cement substitutes known as supplementary cementitious materials or SCMs are used to improve the peiformance while reducing the environmental footprint of concrete. There are several factors that impact the amount of SCMs that can be added to concrete while maintaining its basic integrity. This paper describes a newly developed framework for optimizing the substitution of cement with SCMs in concrete. This framework has been developed based on recent testing results and clearly indicates that paying close attention to cement and SCM particle size distributions and the corresponding packing density of the combin ed ingredients will allow for an optimization of the cement and SCMs in concrete. This framework has been developed on the basis of several independent laboratory studies and can be adapted as a base for evaluating and optimizing any combination of cement and SCMs. The means to produce cement / SCM blends with the optimized particle size distributions with existing equipment configurations are also explored.
Dot-in-Well Quantum-Dot Infrared Photodetectors (2008)

Dot-in-well (DWELL) quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) [DWELL-QDIPs] are subjects of research as potentially superior alternatives to prior QDIPs. Heretofore, there has not existed a reliable method for fabricating quantum dots (QDs) having precise, repeatable dimensions. This lack has constituted an obstacle to the development of uniform, high-performance, wavelength-tailorable QDIPs and of focal-plane arrays (FPAs) of such QDIPs. However, techniques for fabricating quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) having multiple-quantum- well (MQW) structures are now well established. In the present research on DWELL-QDIPs, the arts of fabrication of QDs and QWIPs are combined with a view toward overcoming the deficiencies of prior QDIPs. The longer-term goal is to develop focal-plane arrays of radiationhard, highly uniform arrays of QDIPs that would exhibit high performance at wavelengths from 8 to 15 m when operated at temperatures between 150 and 200 K. Increasing quantum efficiency is the key to the development of competitive QDIP-based FPAs. Quantum efficiency can be increased by increasing the density of QDs and by enhancing infrared absorption in QD-containing material. QDIPs demonstrated thus far have consisted, variously, of InAs islands on GaAs or InAs islands in InGaAs/GaAs wells. These QDIPs have exhibited low quantum efficiencies because the numbers of QD layers (and, hence, the areal densities of QDs) have been small typically five layers in each QDIP. The number of QD layers in such a device must be thus limited to prevent the aggregation of strain in the InAs/InGaAs/GaAs non-lattice- matched material system. The approach being followed in the DWELL-QDIP research is to embed In- GaAs QDs in GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum- well (MQW) structures (see figure). This material system can accommodate a large number of QD layers without excessive lattice-mismatch strain and the associated degradation of photodetection properties. Hence, this material system is expected to enable achievement of greater densities of QDs and correspondingly greater quantum efficiencies. The host GaAs/AlGaAs MQW structures are highly compatible with mature fabrication processes that are now used routinely in making QWIP FPAs. The hybrid InGaAs-dot/GaAs/AlGaAs-well system also offers design advantages in that the effects of variability of dot size can be partly compensated by engineering quantum-well sizes, which can be controlled precisely.
Pancreatic cell plasticity and cancer initiation induced by oncogenic Kras is completely dependent on wild-type PI 3-kinase p110α (2014)

Increased PI 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) correlates with poor prognosis, but the role of class I PI3K isoforms during its induction remains unclear. Using genetically engineered mice and pharmacological isoform-selective inhibitors, we found that the p110α PI3K isoform is a major signaling enzyme for PDAC development induced by a combination of genetic and nongenetic factors. Inactivation of this single isoform blocked the irreversible transition of exocrine acinar cells into pancreatic preneoplastic ductal lesions by oncogenic Kras and/or pancreatic injury. Hitting the other ubiquitous isoform, p110β, did not prevent preneoplastic lesion initiation. p110α signaling through small GTPase Rho and actin cytoskeleton controls the reprogramming of acinar cells and regulates cell morphology in vivo and in vitro. Finally, p110α was necessary for pancreatic ductal cancers to arise from Kras-induced preneoplastic lesions by increasing epithelial cell proliferation in the context of mutated p53. Here we identify an in vivo context in which p110α cellular output differs depending on the epithelial transformation stage and demonstrate that the PI3K p110α is required for PDAC induced by oncogenic Kras, the key driver mutation of PDAC. These data are critical for a better understanding of the development of this lethal disease that is currently without efficient treatment.
Ii-Key/MHC class II epitope hybrids: a strategy that enhances MHC class II epitope loading to create more potent peptide vaccines (2006)

Life-threatening diseases, such as cancer and pandemic influenza, demand new efforts towards effective vaccine design. Peptides represent a simple, safe and adaptable basis for vaccine development; however, the potency of peptide vaccines is insufficient in most cases for significant therapeutic efficacy. Several methods, such as Ligand Epitope Antigen Presentation System and ISCOMATRIX, have been developed to enhance the potency of peptide vaccines. One way of increasing the loading of MHC class II peptides occurs through the use of Ii-Key technology. Ii-Key (LRMK), a portion of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (Ii), facilitates the direct loading of epitopes to the MHC class II molecule groove. Linking the Ii-Key moiety via a simple polymethylene bridge to an MHC class II epitope, to generate an Ii-Key/MHC class II epitope hybrid, greatly enhances the vaccine potency of the tethered epitope. The combination of such Ii-Key/MHC class II epitope hybrids with MHC class I epitope-containing peptides might generate a potent peptide vaccine for malignancies and infectious diseases. The Ii-Key hybrid technology is compared with other methods that enhance the potency of a peptide vaccine.
Carbonylation of Epoxides to Substituted 3-Hydroxy-δ-Lactones (2007)

Substituted 3-hydroxy-delta-lactones (3HLs) are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active natural products. Herein we report the first example of the catalytic carbonylation of substituted homoglycidols to 3HLs using HCo(CO)4. Upon optimization of the catalyst and reaction conditions, a functionally diverse set of 3HLs was prepared. Mechanistic insight was gained by observation of the carbonylation reaction using in situ IR spectroscopy, and we propose a mechanism that is consistent with previously studied epoxide carbonylation systems.
Tricyclic Imidazoline Derivatives as Potent and Selective Adenosine A<sub>1</sub>Receptor Antagonists (2006)

Novel tricyclic imidazoline antagonists of the adenosine A1 receptor are described. For key compounds, the selectivity level over other adenosine receptor subtypes is examined along with their in vivo effects in a rat diuresis model. Compound 14, the (R)-isomer of 7,8-dihydro-8-ethyl-2-(4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ol)-4-propyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5(4H)-one, is a particularly potent adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with good selectivity over the other three adenosine receptor subtypes: A1 (human) Ki=22 nM; A2A (human) Ki=4400 nM; A2B (human) Ki=580 nM; A3 (human) Ki>or=10,000 nM. Imidazoline 14 is a competitive adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with a pA2 value of 8.88 and is highly soluble in water (>100 mg/mL). In addition, it has an oral bioavailability of 84% and an oral half-life of 3.8 h in rats. When orally administered in a rat diuresis model, compound 14 promoted sodium excretion (ED50=0.01 mg/kg). This level of efficacy is comparable to that of BG9928, a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist that is currently in clinical trials as a treatment for congestive heart failure. Additional modifications to 14 also showed that the bridgehead hydroxyl group could be replaced with a propionic acid (compound 36) without a significant loss in binding affinity or in vivo activity.
Changes in optical properties of tissue during acute wound healing in an animal model (2008)

Changes of optical properties of wound tissue in hairless rats were quantified by diffuse photon density wave methodology at near-infrared frequencies. The diffusion equation for semi-infinite media was used to calculate the absorption and scattering coefficients based on measurements of phase and amplitude with a frequency domain device. There was an increase in the absorption and scattering coefficients and a decrease in blood saturation of the wounds compared with the nonwounded sites. The changes correlated with the healing stage of the wound. The data obtained were supported by immunohistochemical analysis of wound tissue. These results verified now by two independent animal studies could suggest a noninvasive method to detect the progress of wound healing.
Monoclonal Antibody against <i>Babesia equi</i> : Characterization and Potential Application of Antigen for Serodiagnosis (1998)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) BEG3 was produced against Babesia equi parasites to define a species-specific antigen for diagnostic use. The MAb reacted with single, paired, and Maltese cross forms of B. equi, and no reaction was observed with this MAb on acetone-fixed Babesia caballi, Babesia ovata, or Babesia microti parasites in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Confocal laser and immunoelectron microscopic studies showed that the antigen which was recognized by this MAb was located on the surface of B. equi parasites. This MAb recognized a 19-kDa protein of B. equi antigen and did not react with B. caballi antigen or normal horse erythrocytes in immunoblot analysis. This MAb also significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of the B. equi parasite. Preliminary studies using partially purified antigen, which was separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and recognized by the MAb, suggested that it is a suitable antigen for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of anti-B. equi antibodies in naturally infected horse sera.
Abstract LB-344: Senescence-related genes signature in high grade gliomas (2010)

Abstract Background: The prognosis of high grade gliomas (HGG) worsens with the age of the patients. We hypothesized that overexpression of senescence-related genes indicates a poorer prognosis. Materials and Methods: Frozen tumor samples from 60 patients of different ages (32 to 88 years) with the histologic diagnosis of HGG were macrodissected and arrayed on a custom version of the Affymetrix HG-U133 + GeneChip. There were 29 events (deaths) with a median survival time of 20 months. A set of 14 known senescence-associated genes (SAGs) including CCL2, CCL7, CDKN1A, COPG, CSF2RB, CXCL1, ICAM1, IGFBP3, IL6, IL8, SAA4, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11 and TP53 were the focus of the study (Campisi J. et al. PLoS Biology, 2008). An overall senescence score was generated using principal component analysis to reflect the combined effect of the senescence-associated gene signature. Pearson correlation and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine the association of each SAG and the senescence score with age at onset and overall patient survival. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: We found an age-related gradient in the senescence score representation of the combined SAGs (r = 0.40; p=0.0014). Ten SAGs were significantly correlated with age (false discovery rate at 5%): IGFBP3 (r=0.44), ICAM1 (r=0.40), IL6 (r=0.38), CDKN1A (r=0.35), TNFSF11 (r=0.34), TP53 (r=0.34), CXCL1 (r=0.31), CCL7 (r=0.30), COPG (r=0.29), and CSF2RB (r=0.29). The SAG signature was also correlated with poor prognosis (p=0.0098; median survival: 13 and 28 months, respectively, for high versus low senescence score). Two SAGs were significantly associated with patient survival: IL6 (14 versus 38 months) and COPG (13 versus 38 months). Conclusion: We report for the first time an SAG signature in HGG associated with age at onset and patient outcome. This signature composed of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis may define a more aggressive subtype of high-grade glioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-344.
Lowering error floors by removing dominant trapping sets of low-density parity-check codes for broadcasting systems (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method for avoiding high error floors of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for broadcasting systems. Harmful trapping sets which may introduce high error floors are investigated and removed by using the proposed method. Applying this method, the error floor of a DVB-S2 LDPC code is dramatically lowered by modifying only two numbers in its sequence representation.
Rapid Assembly Technique for Optical Connector (2006)

We have developed an optical connector assembly method that allows the rapid on-site installation of an optical connector. To simplify this on-site assembly process we fabricated built-in parts that enable us to install the optical connector using pre-assembled optical connector parts. Moreover, we have established an advanced method for applying a solidifying agent that adheres to the inner wall of a ferrule flange. With our assembly method, we can complete on-site optical connector installation, other than the polishing process, in two steps, namely bonding agent application and fiber insertion.
Automatic Test Generation From GUI Applications For Testing Web Services (2007)

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Applications (GAPs) are ubiquitous and provide various services. Since many GAPs are not designed to exchange information (i.e., intemperate), companies replace legacy GAPs with web services, that are designed to intemperate over the Internet. However, it is laborious and inefficient to create unit test cases to test the web services. We propose a novel approach for generating tests for web services from legacy GAPs. This approach combines accessibility technologies for accessing and controlling GAPs in a uniform way with a visualization mechanism that enables nonprogrammers to generate unit test cases for web services by performing drag-and-drop operations on GUI elements of legacy GAPs. We built a tool based on our approach, and we used this tool to generate unit test cases from different GAPs. We believe that our approach is unique, and our evaluation suggests that our approach is effective and it can be used to generate test cases from nontrivial GAPs.
Evaluating the Potential of Zwitterionic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Effect of Headgroups and Unsaturation (2023)

Surfactants increase the capillary number and resultantly pore-scale displacement efficiency by lowering interfacial tension (IFT) and changing wettability of the rock. However, conventional surfactants precipitate under harsh reservoir conditions such as high temperature and high salinity, thereby limiting their efficiency for oil recovery. As compared to other surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants have good salinity and thermal tolerance. In this work, six in-house developed zwitterionic surfactants with sterling thermal and salinity tolerance were investigated for their behavior at the oleic–aqueous interface. The IFT behavior was investigated by varying the hydrophilic headgroups and the degree of unsaturation in the hydrophobic tail of the surfactants. Additionally, the wettability alteration behavior of the surfactants was evaluated at elevated temperature and pressure. Experimental results depict that the synthesized betaine-type surfactants demonstrated exemplary stability and efficiency for EOR. The surfactants reduced the IFT at the oleic–aqueous interface and changed the wettability of carbonate porous media toward aqueous-wetting conditions. The surfactant headgroup influenced wettability alteration behavior in the order hydroxysulfonate > sulfonate > carboxy group. Meanwhile, the introduction of unsaturation decreased the surfactant wettability alteration behavior. Finally, oil recovery results from the spontaneous imbibition experiment on carbonates depict that the zwitterionic surfactants recovered 31.3–44.1% OOIP.