gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antioxidant neuroprotective effects of estrogens and phenolic compounds are independent from their estrogenic properties (1999)

Among the family of steroidal molecules, only estrogens have the capability of preventing neuronal cell death caused by increased oxidative burden. Employing neuronal cell lines, brain membrane, and low density lipoprotein oxidation assays, we show that the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of estrogens are dependent not on their genomic properties as hormones but rather on their basic chemical properties as hydrophobic phenolic molecules. Concentrations of 17beta-estradiol of 0.1-500 nM, which confer maximum estrogen receptor-dependent gene transcription in vitro as well as maximum estrogen receptor binding, respectively, do not show antioxidant or neuroprotective effects. In contrast, phenolic compounds such as 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, N-acetylserotonin, and 5-hydroxyindole exhibit neuroprotective effects without any estrogenicity. Comparing various natural and synthetic mono- and polyphenolic compounds, no correlation between their antioxidant cytoprotective effect and their estrogenic potency can be seen. These results call into question the idea of a general correlation between the intended pharmacological effects of estrogens and phenolic compounds and their effect on estrogen receptor-dependent pathways. Furthermore, they may open the door toward the rational design of neuroprotective antioxidants with decreased hormonal side effects.
Syndecan-2 is essential for angiogenic sprouting during zebrafish development (2003)

We used a morpholino-based gene-targeting screen to identify a novel protein essential for vascular development using the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We show that syndecan-2, a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is essential for angiogenic sprouting during embryogenesis. The vascular function of syndecan-2 is likely conserved, as zebrafish and mouse syndecan-2 show similar expression patterns around major trunk vessels, and human syndecan-2 can restore angiogenic sprouting in syndecan-2 morphants. In contrast, forced expression of a truncated form of syndecan-2 results in embryos with defects in angiogenesis, indicating that the highly conserved cytoplasmic tail is important for the vascular function of syndecan-2. We further show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and syndecan-2 genetically interact in vivo using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in zebrafish. VEGF-mediated ectopic signaling is compromised in syndecan-2 morphants, and ectopic syndecan-2 potentiates ectopic VEGF signaling. Syndecan-2 as a novel angiogenic factor is a potential candidate for use in the development of angiogenesis-based therapies.
Antibacterial activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus,Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli (2012)

Gold and silver nanoparticles colloids were produced by irradiating a metallic target plates with a thickness of 1mm immersed in distilled water with a pulsed laser beam. Antibacterial properties of silver and gold nanoparticles are attributed to their total surface area, as a larger surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles provides more efficient means for enhanced antibacterial activity. Gold and silver nanoparticules was reducing gram positive and gram negative bacterial growth . Staphylococcus was revealed more inhabition zone than Streptococcus ,and E.coli
In-line FTIR for epitaxial silicon film thickness measurement on an Applied Materials Centura cluster tool (2002)

A technique for integrating a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer into an Applied Materials (AMAT) 5200 Centura single-wafer multi-chamber cluster tool has been developed. The FTIR spectrometer was optically interfaced to the cool-down chamber of the reactor using a set of modular transfer optics and a modified cover on the cool-down chamber. The instrument provided post-process in-line measurement of epitaxial silicon film thickness. Data acquisition and analysis required for the thickness measurement, was performed within seconds. The effect of wafer temperature on FTIR thickness measurement was observed and characterized. Repeatability and reproducibility tests revealed the measurement capability of this in-line FT-IR metrology was comparable to commercially available off-line FTIRs. The addition of the in-line FT-IR system does not adversely affect machine throughput.
Neural networks in reservoir characterization (2006)

In reservoir studies in clastic environments, the two major problems that we encounter are reducing the risk of finding productive sands and defining the boundaries of these sands. A recent approach to solving these problems involves generating seismic attributes that are physically related to the reservoir properties and combining these attributes to predict the petrophysical properties of the reservoir (Hampson et al., 2001). The combination of attributes can be done using either multilinear regression or neural network analysis. Once we have derived a relationship between the attributes and the petrophysical parameters, these log properties can be extrapolated through the seismic volume. This allows us to infer the lithology, fluid content, and boundaries of the productive zones.
Flat bands in slightly twisted bilayer graphene: Tight-binding calculations (2010)

The presence of flat bands near Fermi level has been proposed as an explanation for high transition temperature superconductors. The bands of graphite are extremely sensitive to topological defects which modify the electronic structure. In this Rapid Communication, we found nondispersive flat bands no farther than 10 meV of the Fermi energy in slightly twisted bilayer graphene as a signature of a transition from a parabolic dispersion of bilayer graphene to the characteristic linear dispersion of graphene. This transition occurs for relative rotation angles of layers around $1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and is related to a process of layer decoupling. We have performed ab initio calculations to develop a tight-binding model with an interaction Hamiltonian between layers that include the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ orbitals of all atoms and takes into account interactions up to third nearest neighbors within a layer.
White light solid state lamp with luminance and color temperature control (2011)

The paper illustrates the design of a white light solid state lamp, presenting a controlled quality of the emitted luminous flux in terms of both luminance and color temperature. Exploiting the same principle of color mixing adopted in RGB light sources, the designed fixture is based on three LED arrays implementing two primary color emitters (red and green) and a cool white light source. The regulation of intensity and color temperature is achieved by independently adjusting, by PWM dimming, the luminance of each LED array. The compensation of temperature effects is implemented by a feed-forward controller, that only requires sensing the voltage drop of each LED array. The proposed design and digital control strategy is cost effective and guarantees color temperature variations lower than 2% and full control of the lamp luminance.
Identification of amperozide metabolites in urine from rats, rabbits, dogs and man by Frit‐FAB LC/MS using deuterated solvents to gain additional structural information (1995)

Abstract A general procedure for screening of amperozide, N ‐ethyl‐4‐[4,4‐bis( p ‐fluorophenylbutyl)]‐1‐piperazine carboxamide, labelled with 3 H and 14 C was developed. Urine extracts were first fractionated by preparative reversedphase chromatography with an acetonitrile gradient elution. The collected fractions were finally analysed using a methanol gradient on packed capillary LC columns with an internal diameter of 0.32 or 0.5 mm connected to the Frit‐FAB probe of a Jeol SX‐102 mass spectrometer for structural analysis. A micro‐gradient system dedicated for the use of deuterated solvents was constructed from two six‐port switching valves to reduce the consumption of the eluents. The number of hydrogens bound to heteroatoms (OH, NH) was determined by comparing the spectra recorded from mobile phases using water and deuterium oxide. The mass spectra recorded during elution with deuterated solvents was also useful for the interpretation of the fragmentation pattern of standard compounds and unknown metabolites. The technique proved especially useful to differentiate between hydroxylation and N ‐oxidation which gave the same increase in molecular mass by 16 u but a difference in the number of exchangeable protons. Metabolites formed by oxidative N ‐dealkylation of amperozide either at the basic nitrogen or at the N ‐ethylcarboxamide nitrogen were identified. Additional metabolites derived from deethylated amperozide inovlving N ‐oxidation of the basic nitrogen of the piperazine ring and/or hydroxylation of the piperazine ring were identified. Metabolites formed by oxidative N ‐dealkylation and opening of the piperazine ring were also identified.
Busby Berkeley, broken rhythms and dance direction on the stage and screen (2013)

On the 1920s revue stage, dance director Busby Berkeley created ‘broken’ chorus numbers in which dancers performed rhythms that contradicted the metrical structure of the musical arrangement. This musico-choreographic aesthetic was influential in the filming and editing of Berkeley’s subsequent Hollywood musical numbers. I demonstrate how his numbers in Whoopee! (1930) retain characteristics from his stage routines and examine how those elements shaped the way he filmed and edited tap choreography in the distinctly cinematic numbers from 42nd Street (1933) and Gold Diggers of 1935 (1935). Berkeley’s cinematography is notable not just for its innovative camera angles but for continuity editing initiated by movement and music.
Synthesis and Optimization of Lectin Functionalized Nanoprobes for the Selective Recovery of Glycoproteins from Human Body Fluids (2011)

Biomedical sciences, and in particular biomarker research, demand efficient glycoprotein enrichment platforms. Herein magnetic nanoprobes (MNP), after being coated with three broad-spectrum lectins-concanavalin A (ConA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Maackia amurensis lectin (MA)-were utilized to selectively capture glycoproteins from human body fluids. Additionally, a new methodology, based on protection of the lectins with their target sugars prior to coupling with MNPs, was proposed to overcome the nonspecific nature of conjugation. This approach contributed to preserve lectin conformation, increasing by 40% and 90% the affinity of ConA and MA for glycoproteins in relation to synthesis with nonprotected lectins. Optimal operating conditions (temperature, time) and maximum binding capacities were further determined for each lectin by use of fetuin as a reference. The enhanced performance of lectin-based nanoplatforms was demonstrated by comparing MNP@ConA with conventional Sepharose@ConA. These experiments have shown that ConA immobilized on MNP exhibited 5 times higher affinity for fetuin and ovalbumin when compared with Sepharose@ConA with the same amount of immobilized lectin. MNP@Lectins were then applied to human serum, saliva, and urine and the recovered proteins were digested with trypsin and analyzed by nano-HPLC MALDI-TOF/TOF. This allowed the identification of 180 proteins, 90% of which were found to be glycosylated by use of bioinformatics tools, therefore revealing low levels of unspecific binding. Thus, MNP@lectins have proved to be a valuable tool for glycoproteomic studies, particularly when dealing with minute amounts of material.
Object delineation in noisy images by a modified policy-iteration method (1992)

The contours of isolated objects in noisy images may be detected with a minimal cost contour detection algorithm. An algorithm that is based on the policy-iteration method for locating the closed minimal cost path is introduced. Computational results indicate that it is computationally more efficient than the dynamic programming approach. The method is applied to left ventricular contours in scintigraphic images, although it is applicable to any domain where a closed minimal cost path is to be computed in a matrix of cost coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specificity in the alkylation of methionine at the active site of .alpha.-chymotrypsin by aromatic .alpha.-bromo amides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecificity in the alkylation of methionine at the active site of .alpha.-chymotrypsin by aromatic .alpha.-bromo amidesWilliam B. Lawson and G. J. S. RaoCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 10, 2133–2139Publication Date (Print):May 13, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00551a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00551a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Room temperature derivatization of 5-hydroxy-2'- deoxycytidine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine for analysis by GC/MS (1999)

Hydroxylated DNA basesare one type of oxygen free radical-induced damage to DNA. Such damage has been implicated in the process of carcinogenesis, and the levels of hydroxylated DNA bases may serve as a marker of cancer risk in humans. Measurement of oxidative DNA damage can be hampered by the ease with which artifactual oxidative DNA damage can be induced via sample processing. In this report we describe convenient room temperature derivatization and stability of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine (5-OHdCyd) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-OHmdU) using GC/MS analysis. The derivatization reagent was N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) containing 1% trimethylchloro-silane:acetonitrile, 2:1. This method avoids use of acid and is much milder than previously reported derivatization conditions which typically involve heating above 100C for at least 20 min. Although heating has been reported to be problematic, the calculated levels of 5-OHdCyd and 5-OHmdU in enzymatically-hydrolysed calf thymus DNA were very similar in our hands with and without heating the sample for 20 min. As an example of the technique, comparison of 5-OHdCyd and 5-OHmdU levels in calf thymus DNA indicated relatively higher endogenous levels of 5-OHdCyd. In DNA treated with hydrogen peroxide and ferric chloride, however, the levels of 5-OHmdU increased much more than that of 5-OHdCyd. In addition to these hydroxylated derivatives of deoxycytidine and thymidine, the method also appears to work well with 8-oxoguanine, 4,6-diamino-5-(formylamino)pyrimidine, and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine. This method may therefore be useful with a variety of modified DNA bases and nucleosides.
Developmental regulation and tissue-specific expression of the human muscle creatine kinase gene. (1988)

To define mechanisms regulating expression of M creatine kinase, the human gene including 5'-flanking DNA was cloned, characterized, and partially sequenced. The gene contains 8 exons interrupted by 7 introns spanning 17.5 kilobase pairs of DNA. The intron-exon splice sites were identified and conform to the GT-AG consensus rule. The TATA and CAAT boxes are located at positions -31 and -56 upstream of the transcription start site as determined by primer extension. The 5'-untranslated region is interrupted with the translation start codon located in the second exon. To determine whether sequences within the 5'-upstream DNA confer tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation, constructs containing 2620 base pairs of human M creatine kinase 5'-flanking DNA fused upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in the promoterless plasmid pSVO-CAT were transfected into cultured C2C12 myoblasts. There was 17-fold induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity during differentiation as C2C12 myoblasts fused to form myotubes. The M creatine kinase fusion construct was not expressed in transfected nonmuscle cell lines, COS-7 and NIH/3T3. Thus, cis-acting sequences within 2620 base pairs of the cap site are sufficient to direct developmental regulation and tissue-specific expression of the human M creatine kinase gene.
Isolation and characterization of antigen-specific alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) VHH antibodies by biopanning followed by high-throughput sequencing (2015)

The antigen-binding domain of camelid dimeric heavy chain antibodies, known as VHH or Nanobody, has much potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. To establish the isolation process of antigen-specific VHH, a VHH phage library was constructed with a diversity of 8.4 × 10(7) from cDNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an alpaca (Lama pacos) immunized with a fragment of IZUMO1 (IZUMO1PFF) as a model antigen. By conventional biopanning, 13 antigen-specific VHHs were isolated. The amino acid sequences of these VHHs, designated as N-group VHHs, were very similar to each other (>93% identity). To find more diverse antibodies, we performed high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of VHH genes. By comparing the frequencies of each sequence between before and after biopanning, we found the sequences whose frequencies were increased by biopanning. The top 100 sequences of them were supplied for phylogenic tree analysis. In total 75% of them belonged to N-group VHHs, but the other were phylogenically apart from N-group VHHs (Non N-group). Two of three VHHs selected from non N-group VHHs showed sufficient antigen binding ability. These results suggested that biopanning followed by HTS provided a useful method for finding minor and diverse antigen-specific clones that could not be identified by conventional biopanning.
RNA interference‐mediated silencing of the syntaxin 5 gene induces Golgi fragmentation but capable of transporting vesicles (2005)

It has been suggested that syntaxin 5 (Syx5) participates in vesicular transport. We examined the effects of Syx5 down-regulation on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and the transport of vesicles in mammalian cells. Knockdown of the Syx5 gene resulted in Golgi fragmentation without changing the level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins, other Golgi-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors), and coatmer proteins. Strikingly, a major decrease in Syx5 expression barely affected the anterograde transport of vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG) protein to the plasma membrane. These results suggest that Syx5 is required for the maintenance of the Golgi structures but may not play a major role in the transport of vesicles carrying VSVG between the ER and the Golgi compartment.
Activity and Stability of Electrochemically and Thermally Treated Iridium for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2016)

Iridium is the main element in modern catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), which is predominantly due to its relatively good activity and tolerable stability in harsh PEMWE conditions. Limited abundance of iridium, however, poses limitations on widespread applications of these devices, in particular in the large scale conversion and storage of renewable energy. In this work we investigate if the electrocatalytic performance of iridium can be fine-tuned by thermal treatment of catalysts at different temperatures. The OER activity and the dissolution of two different iridium electrodes, viz. (a) flat metallic iridium surfaces prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) and (b) electrochemically prepared porous hydrous iridium oxide films (HIROF) are studied. The range of applied annealing temperatures is 100 C-600 C, with a general trend of decreasing activity and increasing stability the higher the temperature. Numerous peculiarities in the trend are however observed. These are discussed considering variations of oxide structure, morphology and electronic conductivity.
Image enhancement approach using the just-noticeable-difference model of the human visual system (2012)

The low-contrast images taken by digital cameras or camera phones are not always satisfactory due to the limitation of the capturing devices or improper illumination/exposure conditions. Conventional image contrast enhancement methods may either fail to produce satisfactory and undistorted images, or they cannot improve every region of interest appropriately, especially faces. In this paper, a histogram equalization (HE) approach exploiting the just-noticeable-difference (JND) model of the human visual system (HVS), denoted by JND-HE, is proposed for generic image contrast enhancement. Further, the proposed JND-HE approach is combined with the exposure correction (EC) method (denoted by JND-HE-EC) for face image enhancement. The proposed JND-HE-EC approach can improve the contrast in face regions and provide proper illumination in the background. Experimental results on both generic images and faces have shown that our proposed approach can produce more pleasing and appealing enhanced images than other methods.
Single-side-band digital-to-analog converters for Nyquist signal generation (2004)

Nyquist rate D/A converters can generate frequencies up to half the sampling frequency. It is however impractical to generate such high frequencies. Due to its nature the converter not only generate the desired signal itself but also, often undesired, image frequencies. For frequencies near the Nyquist frequency an image with almost exactly the same amplitude appears very close to the signal. An extremely steep filter is required. Therefore real life systems do provide oversampling to locate the image further away from the wanted signal. In practice the signal frequency has to be reduced if the maximum sampling rate is reached. We propose a technique that conversely removes this image so that only further away images with lower amplitudes have to be filtered off.