gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Comb Elliptic Curve Multiplication Methods Resistant to Power Analysis. (2005)

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) has found wide applications in smart cards and embedded systems. Point multiplication plays a critical role in ECC. Many efficient point multiplication methods have been proposed. One of them is the comb method [5] which is much more efficient than other methods if precomputation points are calculated in advance or elsewhere. Unfortunately, many efficient point multiplication methods including the comb method are vulnerable to power-analysis attacks. Various algorithms to make elliptic curve point multiplication secure to power-analysis attacks have been proposed recently, such as the double-and-add-always method [8], Moller&apos;s window method [17, 18], Okeya et al.&apos;s odd-only window method [21, 22], and Hedabou et al.&apos;s comb method [19]. In this paper, we first present a novel comb recoding algorithm which converts an integer to a sequence of signed, odd-only comb bit-columns. Using this recoding algorithm, we then present several comb methods, both Simple Power Analysis (SPA)-nonresistant and SPA-resistant, for point multiplication. These comb methods are more efficient than the original SPA-nonresistant comb method and Hedabou et al.&apos;s SPA-resistant comb method. Our comb methods inherit the advantage of a comb method, running much faster than Möller&apos;s window method and Okeya et al.&apos;s odd-only window method, as well as other window methods such as the efficient signed m-ary window method, if only the evaluation phase is taken into account. Combined with randomization projective coordinates or other randomization techniques and certain precautions in selecting elliptic curves and parameters, our SPA-resistant comb methods are resistant to all power-analysis attacks.
Tangential flow injection heat transfer enhancement. Annual report, July 1992-January 1993 (1993)

Enhancement in heat transfer without excessive initial and operating cost is necessary to improve the performance of a variety of heat exchanger equipment. The research finds that a significant enhancement is obtained in an annulus with the outer tube heated with swirl flow introduced by manifold type of injection through a chamber. The heat transfer is enhanced up to 85% on a constant Reynolds number basis and up to 39% on a constant pumping power basis. However, the heat transfer for the annular flow with inner tube heated is reduced with tangential injection.
Throughput-Optimized Routing for Multi-Path Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network with Integrated Nodes (2019)

This work relates to form a self-organized mesh network in which each mesh node is equipped with multiple transceivers and is able to use as many channels as its number of transceivers to send data. This is for the communication systems consisting of integrated nodes including multiple standard transceivers, which can make use of multiple channels, to aggregate the bandwidth. The formed mesh network will fully utilize the radio resource and largely enhance the throughput for the existing wireless technologies while keeping the transmission latency reasonably short. The proposed algorithm is composed by two phases. The first phase is to determine all the possible forwarding neighbors in a topology with a given source and destination node. The second phase is to selectively link the forwarding nodes and determine the channels for these links. The simulation results show that the proposed multi-path routing algorithm provides much better end-to-end throughput than the conventional single-path routing algorithm does. Another simulation results show the performance difference by employing different evolutionary algorithms in the proposed algorithm. The results further suggest the best evolutionary algorithm to be employed in different situations.
Target-cell cytotoxicity of a hybrid of Fab' on immunoglobulin and A-chain of ricin. (1980)

As an approach to the development of new antitumor agents, a hybrid in which one molecule of the Fab' fragment of a rabbit anti-murine leukemia L1210 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was linked to the A-chain of ricin via a disulfide bone was prepared by the reaction of A-chain having one reactive thiol group with Fab' having one activated cysteine residue, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 superfine. The hybrid exhibited a potent cytotoxicity towards L1210, whereas unconjugated Fab', unconjugated A-chain, or an equimolar mixture of the two showed no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the hybrid with Fab' of normal IgG had no cytotoxicity towards L1210 cells. The results indicate that the hybrid manifests its toxic activity towards the target cells through binding of its Fab' moiety of cell surface antigens.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Rotavirus Molecular Signatures Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2010)

Human enteric virus infections range from gastroenteritis to life threatening diseases such as myocarditis and aseptic meningitis. Rotavirus is one of the most common enteric agents and mortality associated with infection can be very significant in developing countries. Most enteric viruses produce diseases that are not distinct from other pathogens, and current diagnostics is limited in breadth and sensitivity required to advance virus detection schemes for disease intervention strategies. A spectroscopic assay based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been developed for rapid and sensitive detection of rotavirus. The SERS method relies on the fabrication of silver nanorod array substrates that are extremely SERS-active allowing for direct structural characterization of viruses. SERS spectra for eight rotavirus strains were analyzed to qualitatively identify rotaviruses and to classify each according to G and P genotype and strain with >96% accuracy, and a quantitative model based on partial least squares regression analysis was evaluated. This novel SERS-based virus detection method shows that SERS can be used to identify spectral fingerprints of human rotaviruses, and suggests that this detection method can be used for pathogen detection central to human health care.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols from α‐Halo Boronic Esters. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of pinanediol boronates such as (I) with the Li species (II), generated in situ at ‐78 °C, followed by rearrangement of the resulting borate complexes, e.g. (III), in the presence of ZnCl 2 leads to chirally biased insertion of the dichloroethyl group into the carbon‐boron bond (e.g.
The testing method of data transmission services of IEC 61850 based client (2009)

Substation automation system based on IEC 61850 mainly is working its own performance throughout data communication among human machine interface as a client and a number of IEDs as servers. Both of them need verifying the conformance of IEC 61850 communication services because SAS can work under the strict assurance of their interoperability. UCA has already established conformance test procedures for IEC 61850 based server, otherwise, there is no test way for the client. So this paper presents the testing method of data transmission services such as client report function.
<title>Wavelength band switching in multigranular all-optical networks</title> (2002)

In this paper, we address the problem of wavelength band switching (WBS) in multi-granular, wavelength division multiplexing optical networks. The purpose of WBS is to reduce the increasing control complexity and port numbers in ordinary optical cross-connects. We classify the WBS problem into eight variations and then focus on one of them, wherein there are a fixed number of wavebands in each fiber, each with a fixed number of wavelengths and in fact, consisting of a fixed set of wavelengths. We develop an integer linear programming (ILP) model, which for a given set of lightpath requests, determines the routes and assigns wavelengths for the lightpaths so as to minimize the number of ports needed. Our model is more generic than existing solutions, as it takes into account the grouping of lightpaths having different sources and destinations and hence maximizes the benefits of WBS. Since the subproblem of minimizing the port count with WBS is NP-complete, we also develop and compare two heuristic algorithms: namely Waveband Oblivious optimal Routing and Wavelength ssignment (or WBO-RWA), and Balanced Path routing with Heavy-Traffic first waveband assignment (or BPHT). For small networks, our results indicate that the performance of the BPHT heuristic is quite close to that achievable using the ILP. For larger networks, the ILP model is no longer feasible, but BPHT can perform onsiderably better than WBO-RWA. Our results also provide valuable insights into the effect of wavelength band granularity on the performance of WBS algorithms, as well as the tradeoffs between the wavelength-hop and the port count.
Immobilization of aminoacylase by adsorption to tannin immobilized on aminohexyl cellulose (1979)

Abstract The immobilization of aminoacylase ( N ‐acylamino acid amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated by using tannin immobilized on aminohexyl cellulose. The most active immobilized aminoacylase was obtained when aminoacylase was adsorbed to the immobilized tannin in a weak alkaline medium containing sodium chloride and n ‐butanol at 37°C. The activity of the immobilized tannin–aminoacylase complex per unit volume was five times higher than that of the DEAE‐Sephadex–aminoacylase complex used for industrial production of L ‐amino acids in our plants. The half‐life of the immobilized tannin–aminoacylase complex was 20 days under continuous operation at a high concentration of substrate; on the contrary, that of the DEAE‐Sephadex‐aminoacylase complex was 0.5 days.
Googling the Internet: Profiling Internet Endpoints via the World Wide Web (2009)

Understanding Internet access trends at a global scale, i.e., how people use the Internet, is a challenging problem that is typically addressed by analyzing network traces. However, obtaining such traces presents its own set of challenges owing to either privacy concerns or to other operational difficulties. The key hypothesis of our work here is that most of the information needed to profile the Internet endpoints is already available around us-on the Web. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for profiling and classifying endpoints. We implement and deploy a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Google</i> -based profiling tool, that accurately characterizes endpoint behavior by collecting and strategically combining information freely available on the Web. Our Web-based ¿unconstrained endpoint profiling¿ (UEP) approach shows advances in the following scenarios: (1) even when no packet traces are available, it can accurately infer application and protocol usage trends at arbitrary networks; (2) when network traces are available, it outperforms state-of-the-art classification tools such as BLINC; (3) when sampled flow-level traces are available, it retains high classification capabilities. We explore other complementary UEP approaches, such as p2p- and reverse-DNS-lookup-based schemes, and show that they can further improve the results of the Web-based UEP. Using this approach, we perform unconstrained endpoint profiling at a global scale: for clients in four different world regions (Asia, South and North America, and Europe). We provide the first-of-its-kind endpoint analysis that reveals fascinating similarities and differences among these regions.
Ultra–Low Radiation Dose CT Fluoroscopy for Percutaneous Interventions: A Porcine Feasibility Study (2019)

Purpose To determine the feasibility of ultra-low-dose (ULD) CT fluoroscopy for performing percutaneous CT-guided interventions in an in vivo porcine model and to compare radiation dose, spatial accuracy, and metal artifact for conventional CT versus CT fluoroscopy. Materials and Methods An in vivo swine model was used (n = 4, ∼50 kg) for 20 procedures guided by 246 incremental conventional CT scans (mean, 12.5 scans per procedure). The procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and performed by two experienced radiologists from September 7, 2017, to August 8, 2018. ULD CT fluoroscopic acquisitions were simulated by using only two of 984 conventional CT projections to locate and reconstruct the needle, which was superimposed on a previously acquired and motion-compensated CT scan. The authors (medical physicists) compared the ULD CT fluoroscopy results to those of conventional CT for needle location, radiation dose, and metal artifacts using Deming regression and generalized mixed models. Results The average distance between the needle tip reconstructed using conventional CT and ULD CT fluoroscopy was 1.06 mm. Compared with CT fluoroscopy, the estimated dose for a percutaneous procedure, including planning acquisitions, was 0.99 mSv (21% reduction) for patients (effective dose) and 0.015 µGy (97% reduction) for physicians (scattered dose in air). Metal artifacts were statistically significantly reduced (P < .001, bootstrapping), and the average registration error of the motion compensation was within 1-3 mm. Conclusion Ultra-low-dose CT fluoroscopy has the potential to reduce radiation exposure for intraprocedural scans to patients and staff by a factor of approximately 500 times compared with conventional CT acquisition, while maintaining image quality without metal artifacts. © RSNA, 2019.
Synthetic Bivalent CD4-Mimetic Miniproteins Show Enhanced Anti-HIV Activity over the Monovalent Miniprotein (2004)

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 is displayed as a trimeric complex on the surface of virion and infected T-cells, making it a typical multivalent target. This paper describes the design and synthesis of bivalent CD4-mimetic miniproteins to target the conserved CD4-binding pockets in the trimeric gp120. Using miniprotein CD4M9 as the model inhibitor, we created bivalent inhibitors in which two CD4M9 moieties were tethered by a spacer of varied length and evaluated their anti-HIV activity using a cell culture assay. The synthetic bivalent miniproteins showed 5−21-fold enhancement in anti-HIV activity over the monovalent miniprotein. The activity enhancement is dependent on the length of the spacer. The study suggests that targeting the oligomeric gp120 complex by novel multivalent ligands offers a valuable strategy for developing highly specific and effective HIV entry inhibitors.
A novel arginine vasopressin-binding peptide that blocks arginine vasopressin modulation of immune function. (1988)

We report on a novel peptide that blocks the neuroendocrine hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) helper signal for IFN-gamma production by direct interaction with the hormone. The AVP-binding nonapeptide has the sequence Thr-Met-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Gly-Ser-Pro (binding peptide). AVP and its 6-amino acid N-terminus cyclic ring pressinoic acid (PA) are both capable of replacing the IL-2 requirement for IFN-gamma production by mouse splenic lymphocytes. We show that the AVP-binding peptide specifically and reversibly blocks AVP help in IFN-gamma production, but fails to block the helper signal of PA. Thus the intact AVP molecule and not just the N-terminal cyclic ring is important for interaction with the binding peptide. AVP interacts with the binding peptide with an apparent KD of approximately 50 nM. The AVP-binding peptide does not inhibit AVP interaction with its receptor on lymphocytes. Interestingly, whereas the AVP-binding peptide does not block the PA helper signal for IFN-gamma induction, the complex of AVP and binding peptide does reversibly block the PA signal. The AVP family of hormones requires conformational flexibility for signal transduction. Thus, we hypothesize that the AVP-binding peptide restricts this flexibility and converts AVP into an antagonist of its own action.
Touché (2019)

Compression is seen as a simple technique to increase the effective cache capacity. Unfortunately, compression techniques either incur tag area overheads or restrict cache block placement to only include neighboring addresses. Ideally, we should be able to place compressed cache blocks without any restrictions or overheads.
Link prediction in dynamic networks using random dot product graphs (2021)

Abstract The problem of predicting links in large networks is an important task in a variety of practical applications, including social sciences, biology and computer security. In this paper, statistical techniques for link prediction based on the popular random dot product graph model are carefully presented, analysed and extended to dynamic settings. Motivated by a practical application in cyber-security, this paper demonstrates that random dot product graphs not only represent a powerful tool for inferring differences between multiple networks, but are also efficient for prediction purposes and for understanding the temporal evolution of the network. The probabilities of links are obtained by fusing information at two stages: spectral methods provide estimates of latent positions for each node, and time series models are used to capture temporal dynamics. In this way, traditional link prediction methods, usually based on decompositions of the entire network adjacency matrix, are extended using temporal information. The methods presented in this article are applied to a number of simulated and real-world graphs, showing promising results.
Simple and highly efficient direct thiolation of the surface of carbon nanotubes (2014)

We proposed a simple and high efficiency method for direct thiolation on the surface of the carbon nanotubes.
Characterization of a laser plasma water droplet EUV source (1995)

We have configured a new type of target for laser plasma x-ray generation. This target consists of an in-vacuum flowing stream of liquid water droplets. We have successfully produced plasmas using this target, and have measured its extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission spectrum. Bright lines from Li-like and He-like oxygen dominate in the plasma radiation in this region. Most importantly, not target debris related effects were observed for this type of target. A nearby Mo/Si multilayer EUV mirror suffered no reflectivity reduction at 13 nm after exposure to 10<SUP>5</SUP> laser shots on target. This observation constitutes a major breakthrough in the utilization of laser plasma radiation for practical applications, in particular, for EUV projection lithography of advanced microelectronic circuits. The simplicity and versatility of a continuously-fed target with naturally smooth surface and no associated debris problems meshes strongly with the critical engineering required for envisioned production line EUV projection lithography installations. Additionally, through the use of water based solutions as targets, it should be possible to tailor the EUV emission spectrum to match the source requirements for other potential applications, such as the x-ray microscopy.
37‐5: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Flat‐Panel Holographic Display (2022)

A new architecture for a flat panel three‐dimensional holographic display is proposed. We developed a beam steering backlight, which is achieved by the integration of a beam deflector and a coherent backlight unit. In addition, a hologram processor is implemented as a single‐chip FPGA. We built a flat prototype that is slim as 10cm thick. It shows high‐resolution holographic images with an improved viewing angle.
Antisense mapping the MOR‐1 opioid receptor: evidence for alternative splicing and a novel morphine‐6β‐glucuronide receptor (1995)

Although MOR-1 encodes a mu opioid receptor, its relationship to the pharmacologically defined mu receptor subtypes has been unclear. Antisense mapping now suggests that these subtypes result from alternative splicing of MOR-1. Three oligodeoxynucleotide probes targeting exon 1 and another oligodeoxynucleotide directed against the coding region of exon 4 block supraspinal morphine analgesia, a mu1 action, while five of six oligodeoxynucleotides directed against exons 2 and 3 are inactive. Inhibition of gastrointestinal transit and spinal morphine analgesia, two mu2 actions, are blocked only by the probe against exon 4 and not by those directed against exon 1. In contrast, the analgesic actions of the extraordinarily potent mu drug morphine-6 beta-glucuronide are blocked by six different antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting exons 2 and 3, but not by those acting on exons 1 or 4. These results suggest that the mu1 and mu2 receptor subtypes originally defined in binding and pharmacological studies result from alternative splicing of MOR-1 while morphine-6 beta-glucuronide acts through a novel, previously unidentified receptor which is yet another MOR-1 splice variant.
High-precision two-way optic-fiber time transfer using an improved time code (2014)

We present a novel high-precision two-way optic-fiber time transfer scheme. The Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG-B) time code is modified by increasing bit rate and defining new fields. The modified time code can be transmitted directly using commercial optical transceivers and is able to efficiently suppress the effect of the Rayleigh backscattering in the optical fiber. A dedicated codec (encoder and decoder) with low delay fluctuation is developed. The synchronization issue is addressed by adopting a mask technique and combinational logic circuit. Its delay fluctuation is less than 27 ps in terms of the standard deviation. The two-way optic-fiber time transfer using the improved codec scheme is verified experimentally over 2 m to100 km fiber links. The results show that the stability over 100 km fiber link is always less than 35 ps with the minimum value of about 2 ps at the averaging time around 1000 s. The uncertainty of time difference induced by the chromatic dispersion over 100 km is less than 22 ps.
High-Performance High-¿/Metal Gates for 45nm CMOS and Beyond with Gate-First Processing (2007)

Gate-first integration of band-edge (BE) high-κ/metal gate nFET devices with dual stress liners and silicon-on-insulator substrates for the 45nm node and beyond is presented. We show the first reported demonstration of improved short channel control with high-κ/metal gates (HK/MG) enabled by the thinnest T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</sub> (≪12Å) for BE nFET devices to-date, consistent with simulations showing the need for ≪14Å T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</inf> at Lgate≪35nm. We report the highest BE HK/MG nFET Idsat values at 1.0V operation. We also show for the first time BE high-κ/metal gate pFET's fabricated with gate-first high thermal budget processing with thin T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</sub> (≪13Å) and low Vts appropriate for pFET devices. The reliability in these devices was found to be consistent with technology requirements. Integration of high-κ/metal gate nFET's into CMOS devices yielded large SRAM arrays.
Transversely excited N2O sequence band laser (1984)

Sequence band operation of a transversely excited nitrous oxide laser is reported for the first time. The sequence laser could be tuned to each V-R line from R(25) to R(14) and from P(14) to P(26) in the 10.7-μm band. Output energies were 10 μJ–1 mJ. Improved stability of the discharge at high specific energy loading and use of an intracavity hot cell made sequence band oscillation possible.