gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronization of Noncolocated TV Signals in a Satellite Time-Compression Multiplexing System (1983)

We describe here a simple method to synchronize three TV signals originated from noncolocated up-link stations in a satellite Time-Compression Multiplexing (TCM) system. In this system, information in three fields of each TV picture is compressed into a single field time so that the compressed signals from the three sources can be time multiplexed for transmission. The up-link synchronization ensures that the Radio Frequency (RF) bursts from different sources will arrive at the satellite without collision. Our method employs a dynamic master/slave arrangement whereby the first station signing on assumes the role of a master. The other stations subsequently can synchronize their transmissions to the master's by simply monitoring the received RF bursts from the satellite, measuring their respective delays to the spacecraft, and then phase locking their local color subcarrier clocks to the master's transmitted bursts. When the master station stops transmitting, an automatic procedure is provided for the second station to take over as the new master. The worst-case jitter performance is well below 100 ns, and the initial acquisition time can be kept less than one-half second. These are more than adequate for the present TV application, although further improvements are possible if necessary.
Energy density enhancement of unipolar SSC energy buffers through capacitance ratio optimization (2014)

The recently proposed Stacked Switched Capacitor (SSC) energy buffer architecture with film or ceramic capacitors can increase the life of single-phase ac-dc converters by eliminating electrolytic capacitors needed for twice-line-frequency energy storage, while maintaining comparable energy density. This paper presents a methodology for further increasing the energy density of enhanced unipolar SSC energy buffers by optimizing the capacitance ratio of the capacitors used in the energy buffer. It is shown that the relative enhancement in energy density depends on the required ripple ratio and the number of supporting capacitors in the energy buffer. The presented methodology is validated using a 1–2 enhanced unipolar SSC energy buffer designed for an 8-W offline LED driver.
Leptin Reduces Pathology and Improves Memory in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

We have previously reported anti-amyloidogenic effects of leptin using in vitro and in vivo models and, more recently, demonstrated the ability of leptin to reduce tau phosphorylation in neuronal cells. The present study examined the efficacy of leptin in ameliorating the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology in 6-month old CRND8 transgenic mice (TgCRND8) following 8 weeks of treatment. Leptin-treated transgenic mice showed significantly reduced levels of amyloid-beta (Abeta){1-40} in both brain extracts (52% reduction, p= 0.047) and serum (55% reduction, p= 0.049), as detected by ELISA, and significant reduction in amyloid burden (47% reduction, p=0.041) in the hippocampus, as detected by immunocytochemistry. The decrease in the levels of Abeta in the brain correlated with a decrease in the levels of C99 C-terminal fragments of the amyloid-beta protein precursor, consistent with a role for beta -secretase in mediating the effect of leptin. In addition, leptin-treated TgCRND8 mice had significantly lower levels of phosphorylated tau, as detected by AT8 and anti-tau-Ser{396} antibodies. Importantly, after 4 or 8 weeks of treatment, there was no significant increase in the levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cortisol in the plasma of leptin-treated TgCRND8 animals compared to saline-treated controls, indicating no inflammatory reaction. These biochemical and pathological changes were correlated with behavioral improvements, as early as after 4 weeks of treatment, as recorded by a novel object recognition test and particularly the contextual and cued fear conditioning test after 8 weeks of treatment. Leptin-treated TgCRND8 animals significantly outperformed saline-treated littermates in these behavioral tests. These findings solidly demonstrate the potential for leptin as a disease modifying therapeutic in transgenic animals of AD, driving optimism for its safety and efficacy in humans.
Design Method of Vertical Component Isolation System (2002)

A structural concept of a vertical component isolation system for fast reactors, assuming a building adopting a horizontal base isolation system, has been studied. In this concept, a reactor vessel and major primary components are suspended from a large common deck supported by isolation devices consisting of large coned disk springs. A series of experiments using a simple model for the confirmation of the isolation effect, and a case study of vertical isolation device and plant layout are shown in this paper.
A glycosylated antitumor ether lipid kills cells via paraptosis-like cell death (2009)

Glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) have superior anticancer properties relative to the alkyllysophospholipid class, but there have been no studies of the mechanisms of these compounds. The prototype GAEL, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'-amino-2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (Gln), effectively killed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking key molecules involved in caspase-dependent apoptosis, and cell death was not prevented by caspase inhibitors. Gln did not cause a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, even in rounded-up dying cells. Gln stimulated the appearance and accumulation of LC3-II, a protein marker for autophagy, in a variety of cells, including wild-type MEFs, but not in MEFs lacking ATG5, a key protein required for autophagy. Gln induced LC3 puncta formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing a LC3-green fluorescent protein fusion protein. Thus, Gln appears to induce autophagy. Autophagy was mTOR-independent and was not inhibited by 3-methyladenine or wortmannin. Although Gln is toxic, cellular ability to undergo autophagy was not essential for its toxicity. Furthermore, the GAEL analog 2-deoxy-C-Glc induced LC3 puncta formation but did not kill the cells. Gln, but not 2-deoxy-C-Glc, caused the accumulation of cytoplasmic acidic vacuoles in the cells. Our data suggest that GAELs may activate autophagy; however, GAELs do not kill cells by apoptosis or autophagy but rather by a paraptosis-like cell death mechanism.
Fuel Conversion in a Universal Reactor with Gliding Discharge in Tornado Flow (2007)

Summary form only given. Drexel Plasma Institute has developed a new type of fuel conversion reactor that utilizes a non-equilibrium gliding discharge (traditionally called "Gliding Arc" though it operates mostly in the glow discharge regime) in reverse vortex ("tornado"') flow. This reactor is universal in that it is capable of reforming both gaseous fuels and evaporated liquid fuels, such as diesel, gasoline, glycerol, etc. Gliding discharges are considered transitional discharges that combine non-equilibrium effects with relatively high power and controllable temperature to accelerate the partial oxidation chemical processes required for fuel conversion. Gliding discharge plasma is employed as a volumetric catalyst in the partial oxidation process to produce syngas (CO + H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) from hydrocarbons. Gliding discharge in tornado flow has several advantages including good mixing of fuel/oxygen and greater uniformity of treatment as recirculation in the vessel allows all of the fuel to be treated in the plasma reaction zone. Plasma energy input in the total energy balance of the process is negligible (approximately 2%) in our experiments; however it is enough to realize a significant increase in process efficacy. New design features of this system include cylindrical internal reaction vessel walls made from metal that act as a secondary electrode and an internal liquid fuel evaporator driven by system exhaust heat. The new Tornado Fuel Conversion reactor is a robust and flexible system that can operate in a variety of temperature and pressure regimes and utilize many fuel sources. A reactor of this type can ultimately be used for on-board fuel conversion and other practical plasma-chemical applications.
Single molecule sensitivity and electrically controlled fluorescence detection in integrated planar ARROW waveguides (2006)

We discuss fluorescence detection in two-dimensional interconnected solid and liquid-core ARROW waveguides. We demonstrate single molecule sensitivity and electrical control of analyte flow for deterministic generation of optical signals with ultra-high sensitivity.
Enhancin, the Granulosis Virus Protein That Facilitates Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) Infections, Is a Metalloprotease (1996)

Enhancin is a Trichoplusia ni granulovirus protein that facilitates nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infections in lepidopterans. Gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and immobilized alpha-macroglobulin were used to purify this protein and the removal of the contaminating proteases did not diminish the in vivo or in vitro activity of enhancin. Metal chelators were the only protease inhibitors capable of preventing digestion of the peritrophic membrane (PM) proteins by enhancin, indicating that enhancin is a metalloprotease. In addition, the canonical zinc binding site, HEXXH, found in most metalloproteases, was identified in the sequences of enhancins from three different granuloviruses. The identity of enhancin as a metalloprotease that facilitates NPV infections in lepidopterous larvae was confirmed by the expression of enhancin in a recombinant Autographa californica MNPV-baculovirus system and the purification of a recombinant enhancin that was active in neonate bioassays and that digested specific PM proteins. The recombinant enhancin was also inhibited by metal chelators and both the native and recombinant enhancin could be reactivated by divalent ions, further confirming that enhancin is a metalloprotease.
Demonstration of Temperature Dependent-Damping of a Vibrating System by Superconducting YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub> 7-x</sub> (1995)

A major problem associated with superconducting magnetic bearings is the damping of vibration. A demonstration is given of the use of a dissipation peak due to flux line movement in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x to provide temperature-dependent damping of vibration of a mechanical oscillator. Scaling of the present results shows that it is possible to decrease the resonance Q of a 1 kg oscillator to 10 with just 0.02 kg of melt-processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x . The proposed superconducting damper is distinct from the levitation superconductor in the magnetic bearing.
Single transistor learning synapse with long term storage (2002)

We describe the design, fabrication, characterization, and modeling of an array of single transistor synapses. The single transistor synapses simultaneously perform long term weight storage, compute the product of the input and floating gate value, and update the weight value according to a hebbian or a backpropagation learning rule. The charge on the floating gate is decreased by hot electron injection with high selectivity for a particular synapse. The charge on the floating gate is increased by electron tunneling, which results in high selectivity between rows, but much lower selectivity between columns along a row. When the steady state source current is used as the representation of the weight value, both the incrementing and decrementing functions are proportional to a power of the source current.
A Combination of the Aerosolized PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone and a Synthetic Surfactant Protein B Peptide Mimic Prevents Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Lung Injury in Rats (2018)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite improvements in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants has not decreased. Postnatal surfactant therapy provides symptomatic relief from respiratory distress syndrome, but does not translate into a reduction in BPD. Therefore, the search for effective interventions to prevent BPD continues. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Since PPAR-γ agonists have been demonstrated to promote neonatal lung maturation and injury repair, we hypothesized that a formulation of a PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) and a synthetic lung surfactant (a surfactant protein B peptide mimic, B-YL) combined would stimulate lung maturation and block hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury more effectively than either modality alone. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were administered PGZ + B-YL via nebulization every 24 h for up to 72 h. The pups were exposed to either 21 or 95% O<sub>2</sub>, and then sacrificed. Their lungs were examined for markers of lung maturation (levels of PPAR-γ, SP-C and choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase [CCT-α] and [<sup>3</sup>H]triolein uptake) and injury repair (bronchoalveolar lavage cell count and protein content, and levels of LEF-1, fibronectin, ALK5, and β-catenin) by Western blot analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Markers of alveolar epithelial/mesenchymal maturation (PPAR-γ, SP-C, CCT-α, and triolein uptake) increased significantly in the PGZ + B-YL group, more than with either drug alone. Similarly, markers of hyperoxia-induced lung injury were blocked effectively with PGZ + B-YL treatment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Nebulized PPAR-γ agonist PGZ with a synthetic lung surfactant accelerates lung maturation and prevents neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury more than either modality alone, with the potential to provide more effective prevention of BPD.
Excitation of terahertz plasmon-polariton in a grating coupled two-dimensional electron gas with a Fabry-Pérot cavity (2013)

Terahertz plasmon-polariton modes are excited and probed in a grating coupled GaN/AlGaN two-dimensional electron gas embedded in a Fabry-Pérot cavity using a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at 8 K. A strong coupling between the plasmon modes and the cavity modes was observed. Electromagnetic simulations confirmed that both the cavity and the grating coupler play important roles in coupling the terahertz field and the plasmons. The finding suggests that the manipulation of terahertz plasmon-polariton could be achieved by engineering the Q-factor and the mode number of the cavity to further enhance the coupling strength.
A split-aperture transmit beamforming technique with phase coherence grating lobe suppression (2010)

A small element-to-element pitch (~.5λ) is conventionally required for phased array ultrasound transducers to avoid large grating lobes. This constraint can introduce many fabrication difficulties, particularly in the development of highfrequency phased arrays at operating frequencies greater than 30 MHz. In this paper, a new transmit beamforming technique along with sign coherence factor (SCF) receive beamforming is proposed to suppress grating lobes in large-pitch phased-array transducers. It is based on splitting the transmit aperture (N elements) into N/K transmit elements and receive beamforming on all N elements to reduce the temporal length of the transmit grating lobe signal. Therefore, the use of synthetic aperture beamforming, which can introduce relative phase distortions between the echoes received over many transmit events, can be avoided. After each transmit-receive event, the received signals are weighted by the calculated SCF to suppress the grating lobes. After pulsing all sub-apertures, the RF signals are added to generate one line of the image. Simulated 2-way radiation patterns for different K values show that grating lobes can be suppressed significantly at different steering angles. Grating lobes can be suppressed by approximately 20 dB with K = 2 at steering angles greater than 25° and an element pitch greater than 0.75λ. A technique for determining the optimal transmit sub-apertures has been developed.
Process for analyzing CO[sub 2] in air and in water (1999)

The process of this invention comprises providing a membrane for separating CO.sub.2 into a first CO.sub.2 sample phase and a second CO.sub.2 analyte phase. CO.sub.2 is then transported through the membrane thereby separating the CO.sub.2 with the membrane into a first CO.sub.2 sample phase and a second CO.sub.2 analyte liquid phase including an ionized, conductive, dissociated CO.sub.2 species. Next, the concentration of the ionized, conductive, dissociated CO.sub.2 species in the second CO.sub.2 analyte liquid phase is chemically amplified using a water-soluble chemical reagent which reversibly reacts with undissociated CO.sub.2 to produce conductivity changes therein corresponding to fluctuations in the partial pressure of CO.sub.2 in the first CO.sub.2 sample phase. Finally, the chemically amplified, ionized, conductive, dissociated CO.sub.2 species is introduced to a conductivity measuring instrument. Conductivity changes in the chemically amplified, ionized, conductive, dissociated CO.sub.2 species are detected using the conductivity measuring instrument.
Metallacarborane-Based Metal–Organic Framework with a Complex Topology (2014)

The long, linear cobalt(III) bis(dicarbollide)-based bis(isophthalic acid) anion was synthesized as a tetraphenylphosphonium salt in five steps from 8-iodo-closo-1,2-C2B10H11. The solvothermal reaction between the anionic bis(isophthalic acid) linker and copper(II) nitrate in acidified DMF yielded single crystals. Despite the tendency for copper(II) and analogous linear tetraacids to form members of an isoreticular family of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the fof topology, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the growth of three different frameworks. These MOFs, NU-150, NU-151, and NU-152, have three distinct topologies: fof, sty, and hbk, respectively. NU-152 has a novel quadrinodal topology in which cuboctahedral coordination polyhedra are each connected to 10 neighboring polyhedra via the cobalt bis(dicarbollide) portions of the linkers. The formation of these frameworks illustrates the limitations of structure prediction in MOF chemistry and the possibility of using flexible linkers to generate unexpected topologies. Furthermore, this work represents the first example of the incorporation of an anionic bis(dicarbollide) unit into a MOF.
Dual Current Control of Inverter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Sources for Precise Phase Selection (2018)

The unique fault current signatures of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources (IIRES) hinders the correct operation of the existing phase selection methods (PSMs) that operate based on the sequence currents. As a result, the system resilience during unbalanced faults is imperiled. In this paper, a new dual current controller is developed to regulate the relative angles of the IIRES sequence currents during unbalanced faults to enable accurate identification of the fault type by the existing PSMs. The proposed method consists of three design stages. In Stage I, the IIRES control system identifies the fault type using the sequence voltages at its terminal. Stage II aims at generating the appropriate reference angle for the IIRES negative-sequence current. In Stage III, the IIRES sequence currents are controlled in the double synchronous reference frame to track the reference angle. The proposed controller makes the existing PSMs immune against fault conditions and reactive current generation requirements imposed by grid codes. Consequently, the protection system can select and trip only the faulted phase(s), and thus, the system reliability is considerably enhanced. Time-domain simulations are used to confirm the successful operation of the proposed controller under different fault conditions and grid codes.
Synthesis of Phosphine−Rhodium Complexes Attached to a Standard Peptide Synthesis Resin (1996)

Solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to synthesize polymer-supported, peptide-based bis(phosphine sulfides). Chemistry was developed that allows for the conversion of the phosphine sulfides to phosphines while they remain attached to the support resin. The transformation of protected phosphine to phosphine to metal complex was followed by solid-state 31P NMR. The resin-supported rhodium complexes were used in the hydrogenation of olefins.
Microbial fuel cells convert corn waste into electricity (2006)

In a previous issue of Membrane Technology we provided details of a microbial fuel cell, developed by scientists at Pennsylvania State University, which can turn sewage into electricity. This brief feature looks at another system created by the researchers, which generates electricity from corn waste.
Structural Requirements for α-Latrotoxin Binding and α-Latrotoxin-stimulated Secretion (1999)

Stimulation of neurotransmitter release by alpha-latrotoxin requires its binding to the calcium-independent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin (CIRL), an orphan neuronal G protein-coupled receptor. CIRL consists of two noncovalently bound subunits, p85, a heptahelical integral membrane protein, and p120, a large extracellular polypeptide with domains homologous to lectin, olfactomedin, mucin, the secretin receptor family, and a novel structural motif common for large orphan G protein-coupled receptors. The analysis of CIRL deletion mutants indicates that the high affinity alpha-latrotoxin-binding site is located within residues 467-891, which comprise the first transmembrane segment of p85 and the C-terminal half of p120. The N-terminal lectin, olfactomedin, and mucin domains of p120 are not required for the interaction with alpha-latrotoxin. Soluble p120 and all its fragments, which include the 467-770 residues, bind alpha-latrotoxin with low affinity suggesting the importance of membrane-embedded p85 for the stabilization of the complex of the toxin with p120. Two COOH-terminal deletion mutants of CIRL, one with the truncated cytoplasmic domain and the other with only one transmembrane segment left of seven, supported both alpha-latrotoxin-induced calcium uptake in HEK293 cells and alpha-latrotoxin-stimulated secretion when expressed in chromaffin cells, although with a different dose dependence than wild-type CIRL and its N-terminal deletion mutant. Thus the signaling domains of CIRL are not critically important for the stimulation of exocytosis in intact chromaffin cells by alpha-latrotoxin.
Telescopic vision contact lens (2011)

We present the concept, optical design, and first proof of principle experimental results for a telescopic contact lens intended to become a visual aid for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), providing magnification to the user without surgery or external head-mounted optics. Our contact lens optical system can provide a combination of telescopic and non-magnified vision through two independent optical paths through the contact lens. The magnified optical path incorporates a telescopic arrangement of positive and negative annular concentric reflectors to achieve 2.8x - 3x magnification on the eye, while light passing through a central clear aperture provides unmagnified vision.