gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of Markov Models in Safety Instrumented Systems with Non-identical Channels (2010)

Existing methods of automatic creation for Markov models were limited to systems with identical channels. This paper focuses on how to automatically generate the Markov models of systems with non-identical channels. Each channel is characterized by its own failure rate. The system state matrix is defined and the failure criterion of the state is given. The automatic creation framework for system with non-identical channels is introduced in flow diagram. A computer program based on the automatic creation framework is developed. Many safety related factors, such as failure modes, restorations, common cause failures, self-diagnostic and repair rates are included in this framework. Finally, an example of 1oo2D system is studied, which shows that the average probability of failure on demand (PFD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> ) of the system is closely related to the diversity of the channel's failure rate. The results show that the diversity of the channel should not be neglected when building the precise Markov model of the safety system.
Towards Cloud-Aware Policy Enforcement with Universal Cloud Classification as a Service (UCCaaS) in Software Defined Networks (2016)

Network services are a critical component of today's networks. They apply critical functions (e.g. security, routing or quality of service) to traffic to enhance the network operators and application consumers experience. Today these services are inserted physically on the data-forwarding plane without providing much flexibility to deal with different traffic types or affiliations. Cloud Computing, however, demands policy enforcement on a per-Provider, per-Service and/or per-Tenant basis. In addition, there is an increasing need for dynamic transparent network chaining independent of the underlying transport infrastructure. We first introduce the concept of Universal Cloud Classification as a Service (UCCaaS). Followed by highlighting how it can be leveraged in conjunction with Network Service Headers (NSH) to address above challenges. UCC provides an addressing scheme to isolate traffic streams on a per-provider, per-service and/or per-tenant basis. To enable bi-directional policy enforcement in network functions we extend the UCC proposal by adding source and destination support. NSH is a way to steer network traffic dynamically across a set of network functions. We demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of our UCCaaS + NSH proposal with an example application, where a service chain defines Access Control Lists and traffic rate limiting on a per-Service and per-Tenant basis. Our proposal opens a door for a wide range of cloud-aware network services and functions.
Distributed workflow management for large-scale grid environments (2006)

Workflow management in large-scale grid environments is a very challenging task centralized management systems are not able to cover sufficiently. Therefore, we present our workflow on-line resource management (WORM) architecture built on top of active network technology. The approach integrates a peer-to-peer like organized workflow management system with existing or newly built management systems for the resources building the grid. In our approach, each workflow is represented by a mobile autonomous entity which uses the active network infrastructure to move through the grid, which is represented by an active overlay network on top of existing network infrastructure. Thus, control of the workflow execution is handed over to the autonomous code without requiring a central system to be in charge of the computation and cope with reservation, failures, etc. The WORM architecture is presented together with a classification into the taxonomy of workflow management systems.
Cross continental increase in methane ebullition under climate change (2017)

Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) strongly contributes to observed global warming. As natural CH<sub>4</sub> emissions mainly originate from wet ecosystems, it is important to unravel how climate change may affect these emissions. This is especially true for ebullition (bubble flux from sediments), a pathway that has long been underestimated but generally dominates emissions. Here we show a remarkably strong relationship between CH<sub>4</sub> ebullition and temperature across a wide range of freshwater ecosystems on different continents using multi-seasonal CH<sub>4</sub> ebullition data from the literature. As these temperature-ebullition relationships may have been affected by seasonal variation in organic matter availability, we also conducted a controlled year-round mesocosm experiment. Here 4 °C warming led to 51% higher total annual CH<sub>4</sub> ebullition, while diffusion was not affected. Our combined findings suggest that global warming will strongly enhance freshwater CH<sub>4</sub> emissions through a disproportional increase in ebullition (6-20% per 1 °C increase), contributing to global warming.
A Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter for Maneuvering Targets (2016)

A multiple maneuvering target system can be viewed as a Jump Markov System (JMS) in the sense that the target movement can be modeled using different motion models where the transition between the motion models by a particular target follows a Markov chain probability rule. This paper describes a Generalized Labelled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter for tracking maneuvering targets whose movement can be modeled via such a JMS. The proposed filter is validated with two linear and nonlinear maneuvering target tracking examples.
Transmetatarsal Amputation: A Case Series and Review of the Literature (2012)

Foot ulceration is a major cause of morbidity amongst patients with diabetes. In severe cases of ulceration, osteomyelitis and amputation can ensue. A distinct lack of agreement exists on the most appropriate level of amputation in cases of severe foot ulceration/infection to provide predictable healing rates. This paper provides an overview of the transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) as a limb salvage procedure and is written with the perspective and experiences of the Department of Podiatric Surgery at West Middlesex University Hospital (WMUH). We have reflected on the cases of 11 patients (12 feet) and have found the TMA to be an effective procedure in the management of cases of severe forefoot ulceration and infection.
Reactive Oxygen Species as Signaling Molecules in Cardiovascular Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis (2005)

Besides the well known pathophysiological impact of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at low concentrations exert a role as signaling molecules that are involved in signal transduction cascades of numerous growth factor-, cytokine-, and hormone-mediated pathways, and regulate biological effects such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into the cardiovascular cell lineage. Furthermore, upon confrontation culture with tumor tissue, they form blood vessel-like structures that induce tumor-induced angiogenesis within tumor tissues. The role of ROS in cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells appears to be antagonistic. Whereas continuous exposure to ROS results in inhibition of cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis, pulsechase exposure to low-level ROS enhances differentiation toward the cardiomyogenic as well as vascular cell lineage. This review summarizes the current knowledge of ROS-induced cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells as well as the role of ROS in tumor-induced angiogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 7, 1423–1434.
Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Histologic Subtype (2009)

Previous epidemiologic studies suggest that the major histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer may have different risk factor profiles; however, no known prospective study has systematically examined differences in risk by subtype. The authors used Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by histologic subtype and time period, to examine the association between ovarian cancer risk factors and incidence of serous invasive, endometrioid, and mucinous ovarian cancers in the US Nurses' Health Study (1976-2006) and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2005). For each exposure, they calculated P-heterogeneity using a likelihood ratio test comparing models with separate estimates for the 3 subtypes versus a single estimate across subtypes. Analysis included 221,866 women and 721 cases with the histologies of interest (496 serous invasive, 139 endometrioid, 86 mucinous). In analyses of reproductive/hormonal exposures, the associations with age, duration of breastfeeding, age at natural menopause, and duration of estrogen use differed significantly by subtype (all P-heterogeneity < or =0.05). The associations with several nonreproductive exposures also appeared to vary by subtype, but only the association with smoking differed significantly (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). Results suggest that associations with several ovarian cancer risk factors vary by subtype, and these differences are consistent with known similarities between each major histologic subtype and its normal tissue counterpart.
Temperature Effect on LiFePO4 Cathode Performance (2007)

Two forms of LiFePO4 material were evaluated in lithium cells. One type of LiFePO4 (PI) that has a particle size ranging from 1-5 µm is compared to LiFePO4 (P-II) consisting of nano-particles. Coated electrodes on Al-carbon with thickness varying from 18 to 25 µm were used in this study. The addition of VGCF carbon fiber greatly improved the rate capability at low temperature. This suggests a good conductivity networking and wettability in the cathode. LiFePO4 (P-II) has improved the low- and high-rate discharge capacity. When VGCF fibers were combined with LiFePO4 (P-II) in the same composite cathode, the high rate capacity at 12C was increased by 51% compared to LiFePO4 (P-I) cathode with carbon black. At -10{degree sign}C and at 2C rate, 90 mAh/g was delivered from the cell. Cycling at 60{degree sign}C occurred with negligible capacity fade after 400 cycles. Furthermore, the cell was capable of good performance at high rate with 120 mAh/g at 10C, and it still has a good reserve at 25C with 73mAh/g.
Chemical analysis of multicellular tumour spheroids (2015)

Conventional two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture has been considered the 'gold standard' technique for in vitro cellular experiments. However, the need for a model that better mimics the three dimensional (3D) architecture of tissue in vivo has led to the development of Multicellular Tumour Spheroids (MTS) as a 3D tissue culture model. To some extent MTS mimic the environment of in vivo tumours where, for example, oxygen and nutrient gradients develop, protein expression changes and cells form a spherical structure with regions of proliferation, senescence and necrosis. This review focuses on the development of techniques for chemical analysis of MTS as a tool for understanding in vivo tumours and a platform for more effective drug and therapy discovery. While traditional monolayer techniques can be translated to 3D models, these often fail to provide the desired spatial resolution and z-penetration for live cell imaging. More recently developed techniques for overcoming these problems will be discussed with particular reference to advances in instrument technology for achieving the increased spatial resolution and imaging depth required.
Quantum energy control of multiple‐quantum‐well structures by selective area mocvd and its application to photonic integrated devices (1994)

Abstract Quantum energy control is proposed in the form of a multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) structure fabricated by selective metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth to obtain high‐performance multiple‐function semiconductor photonic integrated devices. Its fundamental principle and the applied photonic integrated device are discussed. In general, semiconductor photonic integrated devices require semiconductor layers with different bandgap‐energy states for each structural device having a different function formed on the same semiconductor substrate. In this paper, the position‐dependent growth speed and the growth‐layer compositions on the substrate are controlled by selective MOCVD growth so that the quantum energy levels of the InGaAs/InP MQW structures grown simultaneously are varied over the substrate surface. As a result, a controllable range of the quantum energy level spanning over 200 meV and a high‐quality crystal configuration of selectively grown layers comparable to that formed by conventional growth processes have been confirmed. Application of this new integration method required that we design a monolithic integrated device of a distributed feedback laser diode and an electric field absorption‐type modulator, as well as a multiple‐wavelength distributed feedback laser array. Despite the simple design method, good crystal quality of the selectively grown layers, good optical coupling between the devices, and good device performance were observed.
Tumoral Lymphocytic Infiltration and Expression of the Chemokine CXCL10 in Breast Cancers from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (2012)

Our findings suggest that CXCL10 may act in a paracrine manner, affecting the tumor microenvironment, and in an autocrine manner, acting on the tumor cells themselves and may play a role in tumor invasiveness and progression. The CXCL10-CXCR3 axis can serve as a potential target in BRCA1 and basal breast cancers, which present with a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate and a poor prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 336-46. ©2012 AACR.
Automobile Platform Based on SWB Antenna with Heterogeneous Network for Cloud Computing toward Seamless Prehospital Emergency Healthcare Monitoring (2012)

In this paper, we present the pervasive vehicular healthcare monitoring (VHM) system whose automobile hosts (AHs) by heterogeneous cloud resources and planar super wideband (SWB) antenna for multimode broadband vehicular healthcare communication (BVHC) applications. The novel VHM scenario uses a cloud computing for promising driving safety applications (DSAs). The VHM system with the wider operating bandwidth will availably extend cloud resources exceeding many times than the conventional narrowband communication system. The proposed cloud AH can widely offer radio cloud resources whose impedance bandwidths at least cover 1.69~20 GHz. This broadband cloud AH not only offers an efficiently and economically cloud resources to construct the roadside units (RSUs) with a cost-effective way for ubiquitous mobile authentication but also one by utilizing cloud computing gives emerging real-time safety monitoring. It is suitable for drivers toward pervasive BVHC applications.
Existence of needle crystals in local models of solidification (1986)

The way in which surface tension acts as a singular perturbation to destroy the continuous family of needle-crystal solutions of the steady-state growth equations is analyzed in detail for two local models of solidification. All calculations are performed in the limit of small surface tension or, equivalently, small velocity. The basic mathematical ideas are introduced in connection with a quasilinear, isotropic version of the geometrical model of Brower et al., in which case the continuous family of solutions disappears completely. The formalism is then applied to a simplified boundary-layer model with an anisotropic kinetic attachment coefficient. In the latter case, the solvability condition for the existence of needle crystals can be satisfied whenever the coefficient of anisotropy is arbitrarily small but nonzero.
Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications (2018)

Over the past decade, synthesized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, quantum dot, and nanowire, have already made breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedical sensors. Enormous surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials increases sensitivity dramatically compared with macro-sized material. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the working principle and fabrication process of nanowire sensor. Moreover, its applications for the detection of biomarker, virus, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery, are reviewed. Recent advances including self-powering, reusability, sensitivity in high ionic strength solvent, and long-term stability are surveyed and highlighted as well. Nanowire is expected to lead significant improvement of biomedical sensor in the near future.
Cross-point analysis for a multimode fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (2005)

A novel analysis based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a side-polished multimode fiber and a white-light (halogen light) source is presented. The sensing system is a multimode optical fiber in which half of the core has been polished away and a 40 nm gold layer is deposited on to the polished surface by dc sputter. The SPR dip in the optical spectrum is investigated with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). In our SPR fiber sensor, the use of liquids with different refractive indices leads to a shift in the spectral dip in the SPR curve. The cross point (CP) of the two SPR spectra obtained from the refractive-index liquid and the deionized water measurements was observed with the OSA. The CP is shifted sensitively in wavelength from 630 to 1300 nm relative to a change in the refractive index of the liquid from 1.34 to 1.46. High sensitivities of 1.9 x 10(-6) refractive-index units (RIUs) in the range of the refractive index of the liquid from 1.40 to 1.44 of 5.7 x 10(-7) RIUs above the value of 1.44 are proposed and demonstrated in our novel SPR analysis.
Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses for Cancer Treatment (2007)

Adenovirus is characterized by an icosahedral protein capsid 80 nm in diameter; it packages a 36-kb linear double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A fiber protein projects from the 12 vertices of the capsid to interact with the cellular receptor. Among the more than 50 different types of human adenoviruses, type 5 has been mainly used to study the molecular biology of adenoviruses. This virus infects mainly epithelial cells (origin of most tumors) and causes a mild pathology with flulike symptoms. On infection, the DNA reaches the nucleus and is efficiently transcribed without insertion in the host genome.
An organozinc aid in alkylation and acylation of lithium enolates (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn organozinc aid in alkylation and acylation of lithium enolatesYasushi Morita, Masaaki Suzuki, and Ryoji NoyoriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 8, 1785–1787Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00269a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2495Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase expression is regulated by HOXA10 in murine endometrium and human endometrial cells (2009)

3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH, 3-PGDH) is an enzyme necessary for de novo l-serine biosynthesis. HOXA10 expression is required for endometrial receptivity; however, few target genes of HOXA10 regulation are known. Using a microarray we identified Phgdh as a target of HOXA10 regulation in murine endometrium and confirmed this regulatory relationship in human endometrial cells. PHGDH was downregulated 2.0-fold by HOXA10 and upregulated 4.4-fold by HOXA10 antisense in vivo. In human endometrial cells, real-time PCR results show that pcDNA3.1/HOXA10 transfection decreased PHGDH mRNA expression to 40% of pretreatment level (P<0.05), while PHGDH mRNA expression was increased 2.1-fold (P<0.05) by HOXA10 siRNA. Western blot results confirmed the regulatory relationship in both primary human endometrial stromal and epithelial cells, as well as in human endometrial stromal cells and Ishikawa cells. In human cycling endometrial tissue, immunohistochemical results showed that PHGDH expression is relatively high in the proliferative phase in glandular cells and lower in the secretory phase. Here we report novel expression and regulation of PHGDH in murine and human endometrium. PHGDH is expressed in both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. HOXA10 represses endometrial PHGDH expression. PHGDH is necessary for serine biosynthesis, which serves as a substrate for protein synthesis. One mechanism by which HOXA10 regulates cellular differentiation may involve limiting protein synthesis in the secretary phase.
Intrinsic SiC/SiO2 Interface States (1997)

The energy distribution of electron states at SiC/SiO2 interfaces produced by oxidation of various (3C, 4H, 6H) SiC polytypes is studied by electrical analysis techniques and internal photoemission spectroscopy. A similar distribution of interface traps over the SiC bandgap is observed for different polytypes indicating a common nature of interfacial defects. Carbon clusters at the SiC/SiO2 interface and near-interfacial defects in the SiO2 are proposed to be responsible for the dominant portion of interface traps, while contributions caused by dopant-related defects and dangling bonds at the SiC surface are not observed.
The plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 signalling in cardiac fibroblasts mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (2016)

The heart responds to pathological overload through myocyte hypertrophy. Here we show that this response is regulated by cardiac fibroblasts via a paracrine mechanism involving plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4). Pmca4 deletion in mice, both systemically and specifically in fibroblasts, reduces the hypertrophic response to pressure overload; however, knocking out Pmca4 specifically in cardiomyocytes does not produce this effect. Mechanistically, cardiac fibroblasts lacking PMCA4 produce higher levels of secreted frizzled related protein 2 (sFRP2), which inhibits the hypertrophic response in neighbouring cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we show that treatment with the PMCA4 inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) inhibits and reverses cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Our results reveal that PMCA4 regulates the development of cardiac hypertrophy and provide proof of principle for a therapeutic approach to treat this condition.