gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actors, actions, and uncertainties: optimizing decision-making based on 3-D structural geological models (2019)

Abstract. Uncertainties are common in geological models and have a considerable impact on model interpretations and subsequent decision-making. This is of particular significance for high-risk, high-reward sectors. Recent advances allows us to view geological modeling as a statistical problem that we can address with probabilistic methods. Using stochastic simulations and Bayesian inference, uncertainties can be quantified and reduced by incorporating additional geological information. In this work, we propose custom loss functions as a decision-making tool that builds upon such probabilistic approaches. As an example, we devise a case in which the decision problem is one of estimating the uncertain economic value of a potential fluid reservoir. For subsequent true value estimation, we design a case-specific loss function to reflect not only the decision-making environment, but also the preferences of differently risk-inclined decision makers. Based on this function, optimizing for expected loss returns an actor's best estimate to base decision-making on, given a probability distribution for the uncertain parameter of interest. We apply the customized loss function in the context of a case study featuring a synthetic 3-D structural geological model. A set of probability distributions for the maximum trap volume as the parameter of interest is generated via stochastic simulations. These represent different information scenarios to test the loss function approach for decision-making. Our results show that the optimizing estimators shift according to the characteristics of the underlying distribution. While overall variation leads to separation, risk-averse and risk-friendly decisions converge in the decision space and decrease in expected loss given narrower distributions. We thus consider the degree of decision convergence to be a measure for the state of knowledge and its inherent uncertainty at the moment of decision-making. This decisive uncertainty does not change in alignment with model uncertainty but depends on alterations of critical parameters and respective interdependencies, in particular relating to seal reliability. Additionally, actors are affected differently by adding new information to the model, depending on their risk affinity. It is therefore important to identify the model parameters that are most influential for the final decision in order to optimize the decision-making process.
Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Graphene Membranes under Uniaxial and Biaxial Strain in Nanoelectromechanical Pressure Sensors (2016)

Graphene membranes act as highly sensitive transducers in nanoelectromechanical devices due to their ultimate thinness. Previously, the piezoresistive effect has been experimentally verified in graphene using uniaxial strain in graphene. Here, we report experimental and theoretical data on the uni- and biaxial piezoresistive properties of suspended graphene membranes applied to piezoresistive pressure sensors. A detailed model that utilizes a linearized Boltzman transport equation describes accurately the charge-carrier density and mobility in strained graphene and, hence, the gauge factor. The gauge factor is found to be practically independent of the doping concentration and crystallographic orientation of the graphene films. These investigations provide deeper insight into the piezoresistive behavior of graphene membranes.
PVA-Based MMMs for Ethanol Dehydration via Pervaporation: A Comparison Study between Graphene and Graphene Oxide (2022)

Two different types of 2D nanosheets, including hydrophobic graphene (GR) and hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO), were filled into poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers to prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol dehydration via pervaporation. The relationship between the physical/chemical properties of graphene and pervaporation performance of MMMs was investigated by a comparison of GR/PVA and GO/PVA MMMs in microstructure and PV performance. The incorporation of GO nanosheets into PVA reduced PVA crystallinity and enhanced the membrane hydrophilicity, while the incorporation of GR into PVA led to the opposite results. The incorporation of GR/GO into PVA depressed the PVA membrane swelling degree, and the incorporation of GR showed a more obvious depression effect. GR/PVA MMMs showed a much higher separation factor than GO/PVA MMMs, while they exhibited a much lower permeation flux than GO/PVA MMMs and pristine PVA membranes. The huge difference in microstructure and performance between GO/PVA and GR/PVA MMMs was strongly associated with the oxygen-containing groups on graphene lamellae. The higher permeation flux of GO/PVA MMMs was ascribed to the facilitated transport of water molecules induced by oxygen-containing groups and exclusive channels provided by GO lamellae, while the much lower permeation flux and higher separation factor GR/PVA MMMs was resulted from the smaller GR interplanar spacing (0.33 nm) and hydrophobicity as well as barrier effect of GR lamellae on the sorption and diffusion of water molecules. It was presumed that graphene intercalated with an appropriate number of oxygen-containing groups might be a good choice to prepare PVA-based MMMs for ethanol dehydration, which would combine the advantages of GR’s high interlayer diffusion selectivity and GO’s high permeation properties. The investigation might open a door to achieve both of high permeation flux and separation factor of PVA-based MMMs by tuning the microstructure of graphene.
Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime\n Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges (2019)

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing\nnumber of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed\nand ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected.\nTraditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime\nsatellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency\nand relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base\nstations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks\nusing fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services.\nUnmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs.\nDespite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient\nmaritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated\nelectromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS\nsites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications,\nconventional communication and networking theories and methods should be\ntailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the\ndemand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key\ntechnologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage,\nand provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an\nenvironment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to\nbe smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and\natmosphere conditions, are also discussed.\n
Clinical and Pharmacologic Study of the Novel Prodrug Delimotecan (MEN 4901/T-0128) in Patients with Solid Tumors (2008)

Based on its preliminary antitumor activity, safety profile, and pharmacokinetic profile, we recommend to evaluate delimotecan given as 3-hour infusion once every 6 weeks at a dose level of 1,800 mg/m2 in a phase II study.
Perception towards Occupational Hazards and Usage of Personal Protective Equipment among Roadside Welders (2019)

The study is designed to assess the health related problems in welders, their awareness level towards hazards and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in India. 102 welders were selected for a study using random sampling in Punjab (India). Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data like age, educational level, work experience, smoking habits etc. Data related to respiratory disorders and ‘eye injuries and eye diseases’, awareness of hazards, safety measures and their usage were documented. The findings of the study revealed that the average age of subjects was 35.93 years which means majority of welders were experienced. It was found that approximately 56% of welders had more than 10 years of exposure, 16% of welders had less than 5 years of exposure and 29% of welders had between 5 and 10 years of exposure. Approximately 36% of welders had cough, 27% welders reported chronic bronchitis and 21% reported phlegm. Further, itching, redness of eyes and blurry vision after welding were most prominent symptoms reported by 91, 86 and 70% welders respectively, while excess tearing in 28% of welders was the least reported symptom. Major hazards present at different working sites are fumes, gasses, radiations, vibrations and heat. Masks and welding goggles were most commonly preferred PPEs, whereas hand gloves were least used.
Subpopulations of normal peripheral blood and bone marrow cells express a functional multidrug resistant phenotype [see comments] (1992)

The multidrug-resistance gene, MDR1 is expressed in many normal tissues, but little is known about its expression in normal hematopoietic cells. Using the monoclonal antibody C219 and flow cytometric analysis, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was found to be expressed in all peripheral blood (PB) subpopulations (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD56) except granulocytes. To specifically determine MDR1 gene expression, these PB subpopulations were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and analyzed for MDR1 mRNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All subsets were positive by PCR, but only minimal MDR1 mRNA was detected in monocytes and granulocytes. Significant efflux of Rhodamine-123 (Rh-123), a measure of P-gp function, was detected in CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells but not in granulocytes. Next, PCR-analysis was performed on FACS-sorted bone marrow (BM) cells to assess MDR1 expression in different maturational stages. Precursors (CD34+), early and late myeloid cells (CD33+/CD34+, CD33+/CD34-) as well as lymphocytes of the B-cell lineage (CD19+/CD10+, CD19+/CD10-) expressed the MDR1 gene. BM monocytic cells (CD33++/CD34-) were negative, and a very weak signal was detected in erythroid cells (glycophorin A+). Significant Rh-123 efflux was found in CD34+, CD10+, CD33+, and CD33++ BM cells, but not in glycophorin A+ cells. We conclude that PB and BM lymphocytes, PB monocytes, BM progenitors, and immature myeloid cells, but not late BM monocytes, erythroid cells, and PB granulocytes, express MDR1 mRNA and a functional P-gp. These results have to be taken into account when MDR1 expression is determined in tumor samples containing normal blood cells.
Some new aspects of filters for filter banks (1986)

The present paper deals with the design of filters for use in filter banks, i.e., with certain constraints on their transition bands. The goal is to achieve a baseband frequency response of a back-to-back analysis/synthesis filter bank system that is ideally flat in magnitude and linear in phase. Using the proposed method, this is possible for conventional polyphase filter banks, single-sideband (SSB) filter banks, and generalized quadrature mirror filter (GQMF) banks. The method provides several options, one of them even yielding subsystems with linear phase. In contrast to most previous approaches to this topic, the described design procedure is an analytical one and is not based on optimizations or iterative algorithms. Furthermore, two families of window sequences are proposed for use in the design procedure mentioned above, but are also suitable for any windowed Fourier filter design.
Binding mode of the activity‐modulating C‐terminal segment of <scp>NS</scp>2B to <scp>NS</scp>3 in the dengue virus <scp>NS</scp>2B–<scp>NS</scp>3 protease (2014)

The two-component dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3pro) is an established drug target but inhibitor design is hampered by uncertainties about its 3D structure in solution. Crystal structures reported very different conformations for the functionally important C-terminal segment of the NS2B cofactor (NS2Bc), indicating open and closed conformations in the absence and presence of inhibitors, respectively. An earlier NMR study in solution indicated that a closed state is the preferred conformation in the absence of an artificial linker engineered between NS2B and NS3pro. To obtain direct structural information on the fold of unlinked NS2B-NS3pro in solution, we tagged NS3pro with paramagnetic tags and measured pseudocontact shifts by NMR to position NS2Bc relative to NS3pro. NS2Bc was found to bind to NS3pro in the same way as reported in a previously published model and crystal structure of the closed state. The structure is destabilized, however, by high ionic strength and basic pH, showing the importance of electrostatic forces to tie NS2Bc to NS3pro. Narrow NMR signals previously thought to represent the open state are associated with protein degradation. In conclusion, the closed conformation of the NS2B-NS3 protease is the best model for structure-guided drug design.
Peptides derived from the heptad repeat region near the C‐terminal of Sendai virus F protein bind the hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase ectodomain (2003)

Previously, we showed that Sendai virus fusion protein (F) acts as an inhibitor of neuraminidase activity of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. Here we report that synthetic peptides derived from the heptad repeat region proximal to the transmembrane domain (HR2) of Sendai virus F inhibit fusion and enhance the enzymatic activity of the HN. This occurs on the virus-bound HN and on its soluble globular head. The enhancing effect on virus-bound HN is reversible and depends on the presence of F. The data indicate that, by binding to the HN ectodomain, the HR2 peptides abolish the F inhibition of HN and disrupt the communication between the F and HN essential to promote virus-cell fusion.
Advances in Structure and Fabrication Process for Thin Film Acoustic Resonator (1987)

Advances in structure and fabrication process for a thin film acoustic resonator, which have brought about improvement in temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) and reproducibility, are presented. Concerning TCF, a resonator structure consisting of a ZnO/SiOZ/Si triple layer membrane has been developed, and a TCF of 5 ppm/C or less with fairly low clamped-to-motional capacitance ratio has been achieved. Two techniques for Si membrane fabrication have been developed. A two-step etching technique, employing both KOH and ethylene diaminepyrocatechol-water solution, concerning the widely accepted process using a heavily B-doped Si layer, has been found to be effective to obtain a smooth membrane surface reproducively. The new fabrication process, utilizing a Si/MgA120q/Si02/Si heteroepitaxial substrate, has been successfully introduced as a promising technique to obtain a precise control of
Development of Graphical Indices for Viewing Building Energy Data: Part II (1998)

Graphs are an effective way of displaying quantitative and statistical information. Unfortunately, only a few studies have systematically looked at presenting building energy data in forms which are both informative, visually efficient, and easy to comprehend. Recent advancements in computing, including the development of sophisticated graphing packages and powerful desktop computers have made the concept of graphical displays or graphical indices more timely than ever before. In this two part paper, graphical displays or indices are reviewed and discussed that can be used to analyze several years of hourly data (20,000 to 30,000 data points). Part I reviewed the literature on graphical presentations of building energy me data and graphical perception and presents two graphical indices. Part II provides four additional graphical indices and a discussion about their effectiveness.
Geometric Trajectory Planning for Robot Motion Over a 3D Surface (2019)

Abstract Mapping a desired 2D pattern onto a curved surface has many applications. This includes motion planning for mobile robots to perform coverage path planing, robot end effector trajectory design for tasks such as printing, depositing, wielding on a 3D surface. This problem becomes more difficult if we want the mapped pattern to keep the properties of the original pattern (i.e, least possible mapping distortion), and pass over some desired points and/or remain bounded in a specific region on the surface. In this paper, we apply surface parameterization and mapping distortion analysis, which is rarely used in robot motion planning works, to map a pattern onto 3D surface. To meet additional goals such as passing over certain points, a planar mapping determined by constrained optimization is employed on the original pattern. Our focus is on printing/depositing materials on curved surfaces, and simulations and experiments are provided to confirm the performance of the approach.
Instability of Poly(ethylene oxide) upon Oxidation in Lithium–Air Batteries (2015)

The instability of aprotic and polymer electrolytes in Li–air batteries limits the development of these batteries for practical use. Here, we investigate the stability of an electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which has been used extensively for polymer Li-ion batteries, during discharge and charge of Li–O2 batteries. We show that applying potentials greater than open circuit voltage (OCV, ∼3 VLi), which is typically required for Li–O2 battery charging, increases the rate of PEO auto-oxidation in an oxygenated environment, with and without prior discharge. Analysis on the rate of reaction, extent of oxidation, and the oxidation products allows us to propose that rate of spontaneous radical formation in PEO is accelerated at applied potentials greater than OCV. We also suggest that the phenomena described here will still occur in ether-based electrolytes at room temperature, albeit at a slower rate, and that this will prevent the use of such electrolytes for practical long-lived Li–air batteries. Therefore, PEO-based electrolytes are unsuitable for use in Li–air batteries.
Design and Implementation of Inverted UShapedSlot Loaded Proximity CoupledEquilateral Triangular Microstrip Antennafor Triple Band Operation (2014)

This paper presents the design and development of proximity coupled equilateral triangular microstrip antenna using inverted U- shaped slot loading for triple band operation. The antenna operates between 2.75 GHz to 8.38 GHz range. The antenna gives a maximum impedance bandwidth of 6.50%. The substrate used for design of antenna is glass epoxy material (∈r =4.2). The microstripline feed arrangement is incorporated to excite the antenna. The proposed antenna shows broadside radiation characteristics. The design of the antenna is described. The simulated results are presented and discussed. These antennas are useful for the applications such as WIFI (wireless fidelity), IMT (International mobile telecommunication) and in radar.
Employment law: update on recent developments (2013)

Employment law is an area where there are always changes, but even by these standards 2013 is set to be a particularly busy year. In this article we will cover the latest developments on the proposed ACAS Code of Practice in relation to Settlement Agreements, the amendments to the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Bill, the guidance issued following the Eweida case, and a recent case on whether an obese person meets the legal definition of disability.
Regulation of 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein expression in HL-60 cells (1993)

5-Lipoxygenase performs the first two enzymic reactions in the biosynthetic pathway for the leukotrienes. We have utilized HL-60 cells to study the mechanisms regulating expression of 5-lipoxygenase and the recently described 18 kDa membrane protein, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). Differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocyte-like cells with dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO), retinoic acid or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2-cAMP) resulted in a 2-3-fold increase in 5-lipoxygenase enzyme activity and a 4-fold increase in leukotriene B4 synthesis. Differentiation of HL-60 cells into monocyte-like cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced 5-lipoxygenase activity 5-fold, but leukotriene B4 production was only increased 2-fold. Differentiation of HL-60 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) into macrophage-like cells failed to induce 5-lipoxygenase or leukotriene B4 production. Examination of the levels of the transcript encoding 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP demonstrated that differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes resulted in a co-ordinate induction of 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP mRNA. In contrast, differentiation of HL-60 cells into monocytes resulted in discordant regulation of 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP mRNA. Treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a 6-fold increase in 5-lipoxygenase mRNA and a 1.3-fold increase in FLAP mRNA, while treatment with phorbol ester did not induce 5-lipoxygenase mRNA but did increase FLAP mRNA 2-fold. The transcriptional rate of the 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP genes did not change upon Me2SO or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment, suggesting that the increase of the mRNA coding for these proteins was not due to transcriptional activation of their respective genes. The mRNA half-life for 5-lipoxygenase did not change significantly upon treatment with Me2SO or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The FLAP mRNA half-life increased from approx. 3.5 h to 4.5 h in cells treated with either Me2SO or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These data suggest that expression of 5-lipoxygenase and FLAP is controlled by a post-transcriptional event other than stabilization of the mRNA.
Possibility of single-atom detection on a chip (2003)

We investigate the optical detection of single atoms held in a microscopic atom trap close to a surface. Laser light is guided by optical fibers or optical microstructures via the atom to a photodetector. Our results suggest that with present-day technology microcavities can be built around the atom with sufficiently high finesse to permit unambiguous detection of a single atom in the trap with $10\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ of integration. We compare resonant and nonresonant detection schemes and discuss the requirements for detecting an atom without causing it to undergo spontaneous emission.
A common neural signature of brain injury in concussion and subconcussion (2019)

The midbrain is biomechanically susceptible to force loading from repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), is a site of tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and regulates functions (e.g., eye movements) often disrupted in concussion. In a prospective longitudinal design, we demonstrate there are reductions in midbrain white matter integrity due to a single season of collegiate football, and that the amount of reduction in midbrain white matter integrity is related to the amount of rotational acceleration to which players' brains are exposed. We then replicate the observation of reduced midbrain white matter integrity in a retrospective cohort of individuals with frank concussion, and further show that variance in white matter integrity is correlated with levels of serum-based tau, a marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings mean that noninvasive structural MRI of the midbrain is a succinct index of both clinically silent white matter injury as well as frank concussion.