gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of genes required for the pathogenicity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 in Chinese cabbage (2013)

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a well-known plant pathogen that causes severe soft rot disease in various crops, resulting in considerable economic loss. To identify pathogenicity-related factors, Chinese cabbage was inoculated with 5314 transposon mutants of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 derived using Tn5 transposon mutagenesis. A total of 35 reduced-virulence or avirulent mutants were isolated, and 14 loci were identified. The 14 loci could be functionally grouped into nutrient utilization (pyrD, purH, purD, leuA and serB), production of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) (expI, expR and PCC21_023220), motility (flgA, fliA and flhB), biofilm formation (expI, expR and qseC), susceptibility to antibacterial plant chemicals (tolC) and unknown function (ECA2640). Among the 14 genes identified, qseC, tolC and PCC21_023220 are novel pathogenicity factors of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum involved in biofilm formation, phytochemical resistance and PCWDE production, respectively.
Delay time compensation for parallel connected IGBTs: Implementation and extension for n IGBTs (2014)

The increasing demand for large power ratings and the physically limited maximum current density of semiconductor devices in power electronics make the connection of semiconductors in parallel or series an interesting alternative for high power applications. The selection of the devices, the manual parametrization of gate units and the substantial device de-rating are important disadvantages of state of the art converters with parallel connected IGBTs.
Automated Oligonucleotide Solid-Phase Synthesis on Nanosized Silica Particles Using Nano-on-Micro Assembled Particle Supports (2009)

This article describes an original strategy to enable solid-phase oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) synthesis on nanosized silica particles. It consists of the reversible immobilization of silica nanoparticles (NPs) on micrometric silica beads. The resulting assemblies, called nano-on-micro (NOM) systems, are well adapted to ODN synthesis in an automated instrument. First, NPs are derivatized with OH functions. For NOM assembly preparation, these functions react with the silanols of the microbeads under specific experimental conditions. Furthermore, OH groups allow ODN synthesis on the nanoparticles via phosphoramidite chemistry. The stability of the NOM assemblies during ODN solid-phase synthesis is confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively), together with dynamic light scattering analyses. Then, the release of ODN-functionalized nanoparticles is performed under mild conditions (1% NH(4)OH in water, 1 h, 60 degrees C). Our technique provides silica nanoparticles well functionalized with oligonucleotides, as demonstrated by hybridization experiments conducted with the cDNA target.
ロケット用小型LH2ポンプの研究試作(その3)流力性能 (1991)

A small high-speed rocket engine hydrogen pump was designed, fabricated, and tested at the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL)/National Space Development Agency (NASDA) turbopump test facilities using liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen as the working fluid in order to determine its associated fluid dynamic performance. Both the overall and suction performance are primarily focused on, with the overall performance being fairy good as was expected. However, at high-speed/high pressure conditions(50,000rpm) a clearances occurred between the pump casing and the pump outlet guide vane; thereby resulting in the pump outlet guide vane showing reduced performance than in low speed conditions (30,000 rpm). Design of the pump outlet guide vane is subsequently necessary to improve high-speed pump performance. Prediction of the impeller performance, being base on Senoo and Nakase′s theory, was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results when pump efficiency is taken into consideration. In addition, the inducer showed a smaller required net positive suction head (NPSH) value than the design value, in fact, it could operate even in a two-phase flow condition at the pump inlet.
Immunization with Rough Mutants of Salmonella minnesota: Protective Activity of IgM and IgG Antibody to the R595 (Re Chemotype) Mutant (1988)

We evaluated the immunoglobulin class responsible for the protective activity in serum obtained from humans and rabbits after immunization with the R595 (Re chemotype) mutant of Salmonella minnesota. Whole serum obtained before immunization and the IgG and IgM fractions failed to protect mice against lethal challenge with viable Klebsiella pneumoniae or Morganella morganii or with Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protective activity of postimmunization serum resided solely in IgM antibody, whereas IgG antibody exhibited no protective activity. IgM antibody to the Re mutant was protective against bacterial challenge with both test strains of bacteria and S. typhi LPS. IgM antibody, at approximately the same concentration present in postimmunization serum, increased the LD50 of K. pneumoniae from less than 8.0 x 10(2) to greater than 2.0 x 10(4). These findings indicate that commercially prepared human IgG with high titers of antibody to antigens of the core portion of LPS would have little clinical utility.
Clinical outcome of concomitant vs interrupted BRAF inhibitor therapy during radiotherapy in melanoma patients (2018)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.85.
Divergent Effects of BAFF on Human Memory B Cell Differentiation into Ig-Secreting Cells (2007)

B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) plays a critical role in B cell maturation, yet its precise role in B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells (ISCs) remains unclear. In this study, we find that upon isolation human naive and memory B (MB) cells have prebound BAFF on their surface, whereas germinal center (GC) B cells lack detectable levels of prebound BAFF. We attribute their lack of prebound BAFF to cell activation, because we demonstrate that stimulation of naive and MB cells results in the loss of prebound BAFF. Furthermore, the absence of prebound BAFF on GC B cells is not related to a lack of BAFF-binding receptors or an inability to bind exogenous BAFF. Instead, our data suggest that accessibility to soluble BAFF is limited within GCs, perhaps to prevent skewing of the conventional B cell differentiation program. In support of this concept, whereas BAFF significantly enhances ISC differentiation in response to T cell-dependent activation, we report for the first time the ability of BAFF to considerably attenuate ISC differentiation of MB cells in response to CpG stimulation, a form of T cell-independent activation. Our data suggest that BAFF may be providing regulatory signals during specific T cell-independent events, which protect the balance between MB cells and ISCs outside GCs. Taken together, these data define a complex role for BAFF in humoral immune responses and show for the first time that BAFF can also play an inhibitory role in B cell differentiation.
Osteogenesis and angiogenesis: The potential for engineering bone (2008)

The repair of large bone defects remains a major clinical orthopaedic challenge. Bone is a highly vascularised tissue reliant on the close spatial and temporal connection between blood vessels and bone cells to maintain skeletal integrity. Angiogenesis thus plays a pivotal role in skeletal development and bone fracture repair. Current procedures to repair bone defects and to provide structural and mechanical support include the use of grafts (autologous, allogeneic) or implants (polymeric or metallic). These approaches face significant limitations due to insufficient supply, potential disease transmission, rejection, cost and the inability to integrate with the surrounding host tissue. The engineering of bone tissue offers new therapeutic strategies to aid musculoskeletal healing. Various scaffold constructs have been employed in the development of tissue-engineered bone; however, an active blood vessel network is an essential pre-requisite for these to survive and integrate with existing host tissue. Combination therapies of stem cells and polymeric growth factor release scaffolds tailored to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis are under evaluation and development actively to stimulate bone regeneration. An understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions of blood vessels and bone cells will enhance and aid the successful development of future vascularised bone scaffold constructs, enabling survival and integration of bioengineered bone with the host tissue. The role of angiogenic and osteogenic factors in the adaptive response and interaction of osteoblasts and endothelial cells during the multi step process of bone development and repair will be highlighted in this review, with consideration of how some of these key mechanisms can be combined with new developments in tissue engineering to enable repair and growth of skeletal fractures. Elucidation of the processes of angiogenesis, osteogenesis and tissue engineering strategies offer exciting future therapeutic opportunities for skeletal repair and regeneration in orthopaedics.
Identification and molecular characterization of α-L-iduronidase mutations present in mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (2004)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Mutations in the gene are responsible for the enzyme deficiency, which leads to the intralysosomal storage of the partially degraded glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Molecular characterization of MPS I patients has resulted in the identification of over 70 distinct mutations in the IDUA gene. The high degree of molecular heterogeneity reflects the wide clinical variability observed in MPS I patients. Six novel mutations, c.1087C>T (p.R363C), c.1804T>A (p.F602I), c.793G>C, c.712T>A (p.L238Q), c.1727+2T>A, and c.1269C>G (p.S423R), in a total of 14 different mutations, and 13 different polymorphic changes, including the novel c.246C>G (p.H82Q), were identified in a cohort of 10 MPS I patients enrolled in a clinical trial of enzyme-replacement therapy. Five novel amino acid substitutions and c.236C>T (p.A79V) were engineered into the wild-type IDUA cDNA and expressed. A p.G265R read-through mutation, arising from the c.793G>C splice mutation, was also expressed. Each mutation reduced IDUA protein and activity levels to varying degrees with the processing of many of the mutant forms also affected by IDUA. The varied properties of the expressed mutant forms of IDUA reflect the broad range of biochemical and clinical phenotypes of the 10 patients in this study. IDUA kinetic data derived from each patient's cultured fibroblasts, in combination with genotype data, was used to predict disease severity. Finally, residual IDUA protein concentration in cultured fibroblasts showed a weak correlation to the degree of immune response to enzyme-replacement therapy in each patient.
Pendeo-Epitaxy Process Optimization of GaN for Novel Devices Applications (2008)

A relatively new class of materials known as wide bandgap materials and the corresponding devices fabricated from them have extremely useful characteristics for high temperature, high-frequency, high-power applications in numerous army systems and components. However the technology for these new materials is not mature enough and these materials contain various types of structural defects in high concentrations. It is well known that structural defects degrade the performance of the electronic devices and greatly diminish their reliability. Therefore various approaches for materials and devices optimization have been utilized in order to improve the operational characteristics of the wide bandgap electronic devices. One approach for defect reduction and improved electronic performance of wide-bandgap devices fabricated from material such as gallium nitride (GaN) is via pendeo-epitaxy. Pendeo-epitaxy as a technology is known to enable drastic reduction of the densities of structural defects in GaN over three to four orders of magnitude. We have used metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique to grow pendeo-epitaxial (PE)-GaN, performed analysis of the morphology, structure, and electrical properties via numerous characterization techniques available at ARL, and correlated the materials and electrical characteristics with the growth and processing conditions. Further, we designed and fabricated test device structures in order to investigate the improved electronic performance of the Shottky contacts and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and correlate the improved devices performance with the improved structural quality of the GaN material.
Urolithin A improves muscle function by inducing mitophagy in muscular dystrophy (2021)

The mitophagy inducer urolithin A reverts muscular dystrophies.
Realistic Instrumentation Platform for Active and Passive Optical Remote Sensing (2016)

We describe the development of a novel versatile optical platform for active and passive remote sensing of environmental parameters. Applications include assessment of vegetation status and water quality. The system is also adapted for ecological studies, such as identification of flying insects including agricultural pests. The system is based on two mid-size amateur astronomy telescopes, continuous-wave diode lasers at different wavelengths ranging from violet to the near infrared, and detector facilities including quadrant photodiodes, two-dimensional and line scan charge-coupled device cameras, and a compact digital spectrometer. Application examples include remote Ramanlaser-induced fluorescence monitoring of water quality at 120 m distance, and insect identification at kilometer ranges using the recorded wing beat frequency and its spectrum of overtones. Because of the low cost this developmental platform is very suitable for advanced research projects in developing countries and has, in fact, been multiplied during hands-on workshops and is now being used by a number of groups at African universities.
Antiandrogen Treatment of Aggressivity in Men Suffering from Dementia (1996)

Three demented patients who manifested an aggressive syndrome and motor disturbances including agitation, pacing, and restlessness received a therapeutic trial of the antiandrogen agents medroxyprogesterone acetate and luprolide acetate. Within 4 weeks of the start of the antiandrogen therapy, verbal and physical aggressivity had ceased; activity disturbances such as agitation, pacing, and restlessness were markedly reduced. One patient also manifested marked disinhibited and disruptive sexual behavior. Following treatment, that behavior also ceased. Further control studies assessing the efficacy and safety of antiandrogen agents are recommended.
An ultrasound mini-balance for measurement of therapy level ultrasound (2006)

This paper describes a cost-effective method for measuring acoustic power using a radiation force balance. The device is based around a long established balance design with a gantry arrangement fitted with an absorbing target. The notion of this balance design is that it can easily be constructed from materials that would be readily available within a clinical or industrial environment. The mini-balance was calibrated using a transfer standard against an NPL Reference balance, so a comparison of the performance between the two systems could be assessed. The measurements were completed at 1 MHz and 3 MHz and over the acoustic power range of 1 W to 15 W. The results show the acoustic power measured on the mini-balance to be within 5% of the reference measurements made on the NPL Balance. A separate systematic uncertainty budget is also presented based on studies made on the balance and on similar systems. The overall expanded uncertainty was calculated to be within 14% at 1 W level, decreasing with increasing power level to 7.4% above 5 W.
The mitochondrial‐lysosomal axis theory of aging (2002)

Cellular manifestations of aging are most pronounced in postmitotic cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. Alterations of these cells, which are responsible for essential functions of brain and heart, are particularly important contributors to the overall aging process. Mitochondria and lysosomes of postmitotic cells suffer the most remarkable age-related alterations of all cellular organelles. Many mitochondria undergo enlargement and structural disorganization, while lysosomes, which are normally responsible for mitochondrial turnover, gradually accumulate an undegradable, polymeric, autofluorescent material called lipofuscin, or age pigment. We believe that these changes occur not only due to continuous oxidative stress (causing oxidation of mitochondrial constituents and autophagocytosed material), but also because of the inherent inability of cells to completely remove oxidatively damaged structures (biological 'garbage'). A possible factor limiting the effectiveness of mitochondial turnover is the enlargement of mitochondria which may reflect their impaired fission. Non-autophagocytosed mitochondria undergo further oxidative damage, resulting in decreasing energy production and increasing generation of reactive oxygen species. Damaged, enlarged and functionally disabled mitochondria gradually displace normal ones, which cannot replicate indefinitely because of limited cell volume. Although lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes continue to receive newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes, the pigment is undegradable. Therefore, advanced lipofuscin accumulation may greatly diminish lysosomal degradative capacity by preventing lysosomal enzymes from targeting to functional autophagosomes, further limiting mitochondrial recycling. This interrelated mitochondrial and lysosomal damage irreversibly leads to functional decay and death of postmitotic cells.
Managing Water for Peace in the Middle East: Alternative Strategies (1995)

One of the most important resources for socio-economic development in arid and semi-arid countries is water, and its scarcity in the Middle East has been a key factor in war and peace-making. The aim of this study is to provide some innovative technological answers to the fundamental question of how to sustain the water supply – now and for the future. The author evaluates several non-conventional approaches that have the potential to resolve this persistent problem, and thus contribute towards peace among the water users in the Middle East. The author highlights the economic and environmental gains of co-generation applications and the political, economic, and technical viability of the strategic use of such resources as brackish water, sea water, and reclaimed waste water. A variety of alternatives on the transboundary transport of water are also described in full detail. The book also features a plan for the joint development of the Jordan River, Dead Sea, and Aqaba region. As a detailed study by an engineer, this book will be of particular interest to political scientists and policy makers concerned with water issues and peace in the Middle East.
Reduction of radiation dose to the worker in preparing the radiopharmaceutical solution by a simple shielding equipment. (1987)

In order to reduce radiation dose to the hands of examiners who prepare and aspirate radiopharmaceuticals, we made a prototype of simplified manually-operated dispense system, which the syringe and the vial shield with lead were set in the small box made of lead and lead glass. The result showed that our dispense system allowed substantial reduction of radiation dose to the hands and rapid preparation of radiopharmaceuticals compared with the conventional lead shield syringe system, and allowed closer operation, smaller dead volume and lower cost compared with the conventional automatic system.
[Prevention of experimental adjuvant polyarthritis by a gallium salt in rats]. (1976)

On the basis of experiences proving inhibition of some immunological reactions with the ion gallium, we have demonstrated a protecting effect on adjuvant experimental arthritis of the Rat. Consequently, gallium and some metals of the same group should be proposed to treat human arthritis with immunological dysfunction.
Plastic scintillation dosimetry for radiation therapy: minimizing capture of Cerenkov radiation noise (2004)

Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in scintillation dosimetry using small water-equivalent plastic scintillators, because of their favourable characteristics when compared with other more commonly used detector systems. Although plastic scintillators have been shown to have many desirable dosimetric properties, as yet there is no successful commercial detector system of this type available for routine clinical use in radiation oncology. The main factor preventing this new technology from realizing its full potential in commercial applications is the maximization of signal coupling efficiency and the minimization of noise capture. A principal constituent of noise is Cerenkov radiation. This study reports the calculated capture of Cerenkov radiation by an optical fibre in the special case where the radiation is generated by a relativistic particle on the fibre axis and the fibre axis is parallel to the Cerenkov cone. The fraction of radiation captured is calculated as a function of the fibre core refractive index and the refractive index difference between the core and the cladding of the fibre for relativistic particles. This is then used to deduce the relative intensity captured for a range of fibre core refractive indices and fibre core-cladding refractive index differences. It is shown that the core refractive index has little effect on the amount of radiation captured compared to the refractive index difference. The implications of this result for the design of radiation therapy plastic scintillation dosimeters are considered.
Effect of inoculation of<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>on tomato and pepper (2004)

International audience
Procaryotic genomic DNA inhibits mammalian cell transformation. (1983)

Ltk- mouse cells were transformed to thymidine kinase prototrophy in the presence of carrier DNAs isolated from different organisms. Procaryotic genomic and phage DNA was consistently less effective as a carrier than was eucaryotic DNA. Mixing experiments indicate that DNA of procaryotic origin inhibits mammalian cell transformation.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters (2004)

Only a few catalytic asymmetric C-C bond-forming reactions have been shown to be useful for constructing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. This Perspective examines the current state of such methods.
Measurement of Glucose Utilization by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> That Are Free-Living and That Are Attached to Surfaces (1986)

The assimilation and respiration of glucose by attached and free-living Pseudomonas fluorescens were compared. The attachment surfaces were polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and glass. Specific uptake of [C]glucose was determined after bacterial biomass was measured by (i) microscopic counts or (ii) prelabeling of cells by providing [H]leucine as substrate, followed by dual-labeling scintillation counting. The glucose concentration was 1.4, 3.5, 5.5, 7.6, or 9.7 muM. Glucose assimilation by cells which became detached from the surfaces during incubation with glucose was also measured after the detached cells were collected by filtration. The composition of the substratum had no effect on the amount of glucose assimilated by attached cells. Glucose assimilation by attached cells exceeded that by free-living cells by a factor of between 2 and 5 or more, and respiration of glucose by surface-associated cells was greater than that by free-living bacteria. Glucose assimilation by detached cells was greater than that by attached bacteria. Measurements of biomass by microscopic counts gave more consistent results that those obtained with dual-labeling, but in general, results obtained by both methods were corroborative.