gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method of extracting human facial feature points based on 3D laser scanning point cloud data (2015)

Three-dimensional body measurement is determined by measuring the size of each part of the body and body shape, in order to study the morphological characteristics of the human body, and provide basic information for human industrial design, ergonomics, engineering design, anthropological research, and medicine. This paper presents a three-dimensional point cloud data extraction method of facial feature points by doing nose points with examples, using this method can accurately locate the feature points, and there is no specific stations toward requirements in the process of scanning point cloud of the human body, it is convenient and quick. The results show that this method can meet the ergonomics and other features to quickly locate and measure the body size requirements.
Propagation of tsunami‐driven gravity waves into the thermosphere and ionosphere (2009)

Recent observations have revealed large F‐region electron density perturbations (∼100%) and total electron content (TEC) perturbations (∼30%) that appear to be correlated with tsunamis. The characteristic speed and horizontal wavelength of the disturbances are ∼200 m/s and ∼400 km. We describe numerical simulations using our spectral full‐wave model (SFWM) of the upward propagation of a spectrum of gravity waves forced by a tsunami, and the interaction of these waves with the F‐region ionosphere. The SFWM describes the propagation of linear, steady‐state acoustic‐gravity waves in a nonisothermal atmosphere with the inclusion of eddy and molecular diffusion of heat and momentum, ion drag, Coriolis force, and height‐dependent mean winds. The tsunami is modeled as a deformation of our model lower boundary traveling at the shallow water wave speed of 200 m/s with a maximum vertical displacement of 50 cm and described by a modified Airy function in the horizontal direction. The derived vertical velocity spectrum at the surface describes the forcing at the lower boundary of the SFWM. A steady‐state 1‐D ionospheric perturbation model is used to calculate the electron density and TEC perturbations. The molecular diffusion strongly damps the waves in the topside (>300‐km altitude) ionosphere. In spite of this, the F‐region response is large, with vertical displacements of ∼2 to 5 km and electron density perturbations of ∼100%. Mean winds have a profound effect on the ability of the waves to propagate into the F‐region ionosphere.
Most Comfortable Listening for the Loudness and Intelligibility of Speech (1975)

The effect of instructional set upon most comfortable listening (MCL) was investigated among normal listeners. MCL level and range were determined (method of limits) in relation to listening for comfortable speech loudness versus comfortable speech intelligibility. The results indicate that instructional set does influence listener performance. the mean MCL level for comfortable speech intelligibility was significantly higher (4.96 dB) than the mean level for comfortable speech loudness; the mean MCL range for comfortable speech intelligibility was higher by 7.33 dB and wider by 7.10 dB than the mean range for speech loudness. Ascending stimulus presentation obtained comparable MCL levels for both listening conditions, whereas descending presentation obtained a mean MCL level almost 10 dB higher for comfortable speech intelligibility than for comfortable speech loudness. Males achieved slightly higher MCL levels than did females for both loudness (4.32 dB) and intelligibility (4.96 dB) criteria. It was concluded that the nature of the instructional set be taken into account when interpreting comfortable listening measures.
The Relationship Between Milk Yield and the Incidence of Some Diseases in Dairy Cows (2001)

Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between milk yield and incidence of certain disorders. Lactations (n = 2197) of 1074 Holstein-Friesian cows from 10 dairies (25 to 146 cows per dairy) in Lower Saxony were studied. The 305-d yield from the previous and current lactations served as the standards for milk yield. Eight disorder complexes were considered: retained placenta, metritis, ovarian cysts, mastitis, claw diseases, milk fever, ketosis, and displaced abomasum. Each disorder complex was modeled separately. In addition to milk yield, the influences of the lactation number, the calving season and the other disorder complexes were examined with the "herd" factor taken into account. A correlation between retained placenta, mastitis, and milk fever to milk yield during the previous lactation was found to be probable and for ketosis and displaced abomasum such a correlation was found to be possible. A connection to the yield in the current lactation was shown for ovarian cysts, claw diseases, and milk fever. No relationship to milk yield existed for metritis. An influence of the lactation number was also demonstrated in various models. Single models allowed a demonstration of the influences of both milk yield and lactation number. Limitations of the model types are discussed.
Using Word2Vec Recommendation for Improved Purchase Prediction (2020)

Purchase prediction can help e-commerce planners plan their stock and personalised offers. Word2Vec is a well-known method to explore word relations in sentences for sentiment analysing by creating vector representation of words. Word2Vec models are used in many works for product recommendations. In this paper, we analyse the effect of item similarities in the sessions in purchase prediction performance. We choose the items from different position of the session, and we derive recommendations from selected items using Word2Vec model. We assess the similarities between items by analysing the number of common recommendations of selected items. We train classification algorithms after we include similarity calculations of the selected items as session features. Computational experiments show that using similarity values of the interacted items in the session improves the performance of purchase prediction in terms of F1 score.
Instruction scheduling beyond basic blocks (1990)

Instruction scheduling consists of the rearrangement or transformation of program statements, usually at the intermediate language or assembly code level, in order to reduce possible run-time delays between instructions. Such transformations must preserve data dependency and are subject to other constraints. Highly optimizing compilers employing instruction-scheduling techniques have proven to be effective in improving the performance of pipeline processors. Considerable attention has been given to scheduling code within the scope of basic blocks, i.e., straight-line sections of code. In this paper we present techniques for scheduling beyond basic blocks. This allows a further reduction in run-time delays such as those due, e.g., to branches and loops, enabling the exploiting of pipeline architectures which would not otherwise be possible.
Measuring Engagement in Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy: A Cross-Cultural Study (2017)

During occupational therapy for children with autism, it is often necessary to elicit and maintain engagement for the children to benefit from the session. Recently, social robots have been used for this; however, existing robots lack the ability to autonomously recognize the children's level of engagement, which is necessary when choosing an optimal interaction strategy. Progress in automated engagement reading has been impeded in part due to a lack of studies on child-robot engagement in autism therapy. While there are large individual differences within the autistic population, little is known about variation across cultures. We analyzed the engagement of children (age 3-13) from two different cultural backgrounds: Asia (Japan, n=17) and Eastern Europe (Serbia, n=19). The children participated in a 25 minute therapy session during which we studied the relationship between the children's behavioural engagement (task-driven) and different facets of affective engagement (valence and arousal). Although our results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in engagement displays in the two groups, it is difficult to make any causal claims about these differences due to the large variation in age and behavioural severity of the children in the study. However, our exploratory analysis reveals important associations between target engagement and perceived levels of valence and arousal, indicating that these can be used as a proxy for the children's engagement during the therapy. We provide suggestions on how this can be leveraged to optimize social robots for autism therapy, while taking into account cultural differences.
Treatment of localized gingival recessions with coronally displaced flaps and citric acid (1986)

The present study was designed to examine the effect of citric acid conditioning on the result of healing following treatment of localized gingival recessions with coronally displaced flaps. In 3 beagle dogs, localized gingival recessions were surgically created at the buccal surfaces of canines, premolars and molars. All experimental sites were allowed to accumulate plaque for a period of 6 months. Following preparation of notches in the buccal root surfaces at the level of the gingival margin, buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were raised. The exposed portion of the root surfaces was scaled and the cementum layer was removed. Another notch was prepared in the root surfaces at the level of the crest of the alveolar bone. Half the number of the roots were treated by topical application of citric acid while the remaining roots were used as non-acid treated controls. The flaps were sutured in a coronally displaced position. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the jaws removed and placed in fixative. After decalcification, histological sections of the experimental roots and their periodontal tissues were produced. The 2 notches described above were used as reference points in the histological examination. The histological analysis disclosed that new attachment had formed on all test and control roots and extended in some specimens of both groups to a position coronal to the presurgical level of the gingival margin. The amount of new attachment was similar in the 2 categories of roots, demonstrating that citric acid conditioning did not produce additional new attachment.
Processing and Analysis of PS-Wave Data from a 3D/3C Land Survey for Fracture Characterization (2001)

P117 PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF PS-WAVE DATA FROM A 3-D/3-C LAND SURVEY FOR FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION Summary 1 The investigation of S-wave birefringence (splitting) using 3-D converted P to S-waves (PS-waves) is an important tool for characterizing reservoir fractures. In azimuthally anisotropic media fracture intensities are directly related to traveltime differences between the fast and slow S-waves and fracture orientations are related to the polarization direction of the fast S-wave. These effects are accurately analyzed in a 3-D/3-C survey from the Green River basin in Wyoming to preserve meaningful azimuthal variation in amplitude and traveltime. Estimates of the principal PSwave fast
Data-placement procedure for multi-speed digital VCR (1994)

We have studied the ATV-VCR tape format, which realizes the multi-speed mode, based on the 6 mm VCR. A larger data amount are assigned for the slower trick play to realize a high picture quality in accordance with the human visual characteristic. The tape format and data placement require easy tracking and flexibility of various head structures. The tape format is based on 4-track sequence for easy tracking. Each trick play data has its own data recording area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Very-low-temperature molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaP/AlAs heterostructures for distributed Bragg reflector applications (2001)

Using very-low-temperature (VLT) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), (Ga,P)/(Al,As) heterostructures were grown for use in a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Through the use of VLT MBE and control of the group-V overpressure, the microstructure can be controlled resulting in either amorphous or polycrystalline material for both materials. Also, the growth rate is highly dependent on the group-V overpressure due to the high sticking coefficients of both As and P at these low growth temperatures. Using lateral oxidation, the amorphous AlAs was converted to its oxide for use in a visible wavelength DBR. Variabilities within layer thickness, especially the amorphous AlAs layers, were investigated to determine their effect on the DBR reflectivities. Different DBR designs were employed resulting in a double passband DBR which is highly reflective at wavelengths of both 550 and 1100 nm.
Sibutramine--a review of clinical efficacy. (1997)

Controlled studies have shown that sibutramine produces dose-related weight loss when given in the range 5-30 mg per day, with optimal doses of 10 and 15 mg per day. Weight loss with sibutramine is 3-5 kg better than placebo at 24 weeks, and weight loss is maintained to 52 weeks at doses of 10 and 15 mg. By six months, 69% of patients treated with sibutramine 15 mg achieve a 5% or greater reduction in their baseline weight. The weight loss achieved with sibutramine was similar to that achieved with dexfenfluramine over 12 weeks (4.5 kg compared with 3.2 kg). Sibutramine-induced weight loss has been found to be accompanied by a significant reduction in waist/hip ratio, and decreases in plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. There were also increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In patients with type II diabetes, sibutramine-induced weight loss was accompanied by a shift towards improved glycaemic control. In controlled studies, 84% of sibutramine-treated patients reported adverse events, compared with 71% of patients receiving placebo. The most frequently reported adverse events are related to pharmacological actions of sibutramine, and include dry mouth, decreased appetite, constipation and insomnia.
A filtering concept for improving the angle-based forwarding scheme in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network communications (2016)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) communications are mobile communication alternatives allowing vehicles to exchange information among them with a suitable forwarding scheme. The forwarding scheme is a mechanism to select proper candidate nodes as the intermediate node. Current angle-based forwarding schemes take into account a Horizontal Relative Angle (HRA) and propose Vertical Relative Angle (VRA) as an alternative. The introduction of a filtering concept, implementing both HRA and VRA, restricts the number of insignificant candidates. Under various VANET communication factors (e.g., network density, mobility, and road level topology) the work presented here investigates the VRA scheme to improve the forwarding decision especially in the three-dimensional case within a large city environment.
Case-based tutoring in virtual education environments (2002)

Virtual education environments are gaining popularity as tools to enhance student learning. These environments are often used to allow students to experience situations that would be difficult, costly, or impossible in the physical world. North Dakota State University (NDSU) provides students with environments to enhance their understanding of geology (Planet Oit), cellular biology (Virtual Cell), retailing (DollarBay), and history (Blackwood). In order to maximize the learning potential of each individual student, an ideal environment needs to provide customized lessons to that student based on his or her individual performance. One method to address this requirement is the use of case-based reasoning which is used to monitor student performance, track progress throughout an environment, compare the student to other students in the same environment, and create customized tutor dialogs to communicate this information to the student in the form of individual tutor lessons. An example of case-based lesson building software that meets the above requirements can be observed in the current DollarBay retailing environment at NDSU.
Isolation and characterization of My23, a myeloid cell-derived antigen reactive with the monoclonal antibody AML-2-23. (1985)

In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of My23, a human myeloid antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AML-2-23. Cells of the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line, when cultured in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), express a surface protein of approximately 50 to 55 kilodaltons (Kd) which was immunoprecipitated with the AML-2-23 MoAb. Furthermore, after 2 days of exposure to calcitriol, HL-60 cells began to release My23 into culture medium, as determined by the ability of culture supernatant from these cells to block the binding of AML-2-23 to myeloid cells. My23 release was almost totally inhibited by incubation of cells at 4 degrees C, and was partially blocked by treatment of cells with cycloheximide or tunicamycin. The culture supernatant blocking factor, soluble My23, was identified as a 45 to 50 Kd protein by Western blot/immune overlay, using AML-2-23 and an 125I-labeled second antibody. My23, which was affinity-purified from culture supernatant, retained the ability to block AML-2-23 binding to myeloid cells. The affinity-purified antigen migrated on SDS-PAGE as a diffuse band in the m.w. range of 44 to 52 Kd. On treatment with endoglycosidase, the apparent m.w. of My23 decreased to approximately 40,000, indicating the presence of carbohydrate residues on My23. Serum from mice immunized with the purified antigen reacted with the same spectrum of myeloid cells as AML-2-23 MoAb, reacted with the My23 soluble protein in immunoblots, and competed with AML-2-23 for binding to myeloid cells. Binding of this antiserum to myeloid cells was blocked by cell supernatant from both monocytes and calcitriol-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting, along with results from m.w. determinations of the two preparations, that the soluble and cell surface forms of My23 are similar. Moreover, based on our finding that human plasma specifically inhibits the binding of AML-2-23 to myeloid cells, My23 may also be released in vivo. The enhanced expression of My23 on activated and more mature myeloid cells and its shedding or secretion by these cells is consistent with a functional role for My23.
A general approach for run-time specialization and its application to C (1996)

Specializing programs with respect to run-time invariants is an optimization technique that has shown to improve the performance of programs substantially. It allows a program to adapt to execution contexts that are valid for a limited time.Run-time specialization is being actively investigated in a variety of areas. For example, recently, major operating system research projects have been focusing on run-time specialization as a means to obtain efficiency from highly extensible and parameterized systems.This paper describes a general approach to run-time specialization. For a given program and a declaration of its run-time invariants, it automatically produces source templates at compile time, and transforms them so that they can be processed by a standard compiler. At run time, only minor operations need to be performed: selecting and copying templates, filling holes with run-time values, and relocating jump targets. As a consequence, run-time specialization is performed very efficiently and thus does not require the specialized code to be executed many times before its cost is amortized.Our approach improves on previous work in that: (1) templates are automatically produced from the source program and its invariants, (2) the approach is not machine dependent, (3) it is formally defined and proved correct, (4) it is efficient, as shown by our implementation for the C language.
Depth recovery using defocus blur at infinity (2008)

This paper presents a depth recovery technique based on the maximum defocus blur associated with a camera focus setting. The depth-blur relation is formulated by a mathematical model and verified by defocus calibration. Image intensity histogram analysis is used to identify the blur extent. Different from the existing depth from defocus approaches, our method is capable of depth recovery using a single image, possibly up to scale. Experiments on real scene images have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method for depth recovery.
Questioning Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Acute Brain Damage: The Importance of Spreading Depolarization (2022)

Spreading depolarizations better account for the acute neuronal injury arising from brain ischemia than does the early and excessive release of glutamate.
Hearing Aids (2018)

Hearing aids partially overcome the deficits associated with a hearing loss. For a sensorineural hearing loss, there are several deficits to be overcome. Hearing aids have to amplify weak sounds more than they amplify intense sounds. In addition, sensorineural impairment diminishes the ability of a person to detect and analyze energy at one frequency in the presence of energy at other frequencies. The amplifiers inside hearing aids can be classified as linear or non-linear. For sounds of a given frequency, linear amplifiers amplify by the same amount regardless of the level of the signal or what other sounds are simultaneously present. By contrast, the amplification provided by a non-linear amplifier varies with the amplitude of the signal input to the amplifier. Hearing aids are described according to where they are worn. In order of decreasing size these categories are: body, spectacle, behind-the-ear (BTE), in-the-ear (ITE), in-the-canal (ITC) and completely-in-canal (CIC).
Distinct T helper cell dependence of memory B‐cell proliferation versus plasma cell differentiation (2016)

Several memory B-cell subclasses with distinct functions have been described, of which the most effective is the class-switched (CS) memory B-cell population. We have previously shown, using virus-like particles (VLPs), that the proliferative potential of these CS memory B cells is limited and they fail to re-enter germinal centres (GCs). However, VLP-specific memory B cells quickly differentiated into secondary plasma cells (PCs) with the virtue of elevated antibody production compared with primary PCs. Whereas the induction of VLP<sup>+</sup> memory B cells was strongly dependent on T helper cells, we were wondering whether re-stimulation of VLP<sup>+</sup> memory B cells and their differentiation into secondary PCs would also require T helper cells. Global absence of T helper cells led to strongly impaired memory B cell proliferation and PC differentiation. In contrast, lack of interleukin-21 receptor-dependent follicular T helper cells or CD40 ligand signalling strongly affected proliferation of memory B cells, but differentiation into mature secondary PCs exhibiting increased antibody production was essentially normal. This contrasts with primary B-cell responses, where a strong dependence on CD40 ligand but limited importance of interleukin-21 receptor was seen. Hence, T helper cell dependence differs between primary and secondary B-cell responses as well as between memory B-cell proliferation and PC differentiation.
Predicting the risk of emergency admission with machine learning: Development and validation using linked electronic health records (2018)

The use of machine learning and addition of temporal information led to substantially improved discrimination and calibration for predicting the risk of emergency admission. Model performance remained stable across a range of prediction time windows and when externally validated. These findings support the potential of incorporating machine learning models into electronic health records to inform care and service planning.