gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digitalis-associated cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. (1981)

The effect of digitalis therapy on 4-month posthospital cardiac mortality was investigated in 812 patients who survived the hospital phase of acute myocardial infraction. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with increased mortality and to adjust for differences in confounding variables between digitalis and nondigitalis patients. The major 4-month mortality (10 of 26 patients [38.5%]) occurred in digitalis-treated patients with congestive heart failure in the coronary care unit and complex ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) on the predischarge Holter recording. Logistic analyses that controlled for confounding variables indicated that digitalis use contributed to the increased mortality rate in this high-risk subset. The predicted mortality difference due to digitalis in patients with congestive heart failure and complex VPDs, adjusted for relevant nondigitalis risk factor variables, was 30% (90% confidence interval 18-42%). This retrospective study suggests that digitalis use increases the early posthospital mortality of myocardial infarction patients with combined electrical and mechanical dysfunction.
Photographic-Quality, Storage-Type, Liquid-Crystal Spatial-Light-Modulator System For Optical Information Processing Applications (1990)

A computer interfaced, 5000 X 7500 picture element, 20,000 X 30,000 addressable position, spatial light modulator (SLM) system for ultra high resolution optical processing applications is described. The system consists of a host computer such as an IBM PC, electronics and optics with beam position feedback to rapidly and precisely scan a focussed laser beam over the writing area of the SLM, and an erasable, editable, SLM with nonvolatile storage of the image written by the scan system. Because the image is stored by the SLM, no periodic electronic refresh is required. The resolution and information content achieved by this SLM system is higher than that of professional quality color film. Potential applications include optical correlation, optical processing of photographic quality information, electronic holography and optical computing.
Research on coordinates based on the idea of "navigation dynamics" (2010)

According to the requirements which theoretical analysis and engineering practice put forward to traditional subjects studying on weapon systems moving among multi-medium environments,this paper brings forward on the idea of dynamics.Firstly,putting forward the concept of navigation and navigating vehicles.Secondly,defining the coordinates,space position and spatial attitude as the navigating vehicles navigate in water,atmosphere and outer space.Lastly,discussing the correlation and conversion among all coordinates.Laying the foundations for gradually building up the theory based on the idea of dynamics.
Nonthermal Plasma-Synthesized Phosphorus–Boron co-Doped Si Nanocrystals: A New Approach to Nontoxic NIR-Emitters (2019)

We report on the successful creation of nonthermal plasma-synthesized phorphorus and boron co-doped Si nanocrystals (PB:Si NCs) with diameters (DNC) ranging from 2.9 to 7.3 nm. Peak photoluminescence (PL) emission energies for all PB:Si NC diameters are ca. 400–500 meV lower than the excitonic emission values in intrinsic Si NCs, which can be attributed to prevalent donor–acceptor (D–A) transitions within the co-doped system. This D–A transition model is further evidenced by PL lifetimes within the range of 40–80 μs, faster than what is observed for intrinsic Si NCs. By reducing the level of confinement within PB:Si NCs (i.e., DNC > 4 nm), we are able to red-shift the near-infrared (NIR)-emitting D–A transitions to below the band gap of bulk Si (1.12 eV). We quantify the PL quantum yield (PLQY) for a range of DNC and show that the plasma method can achieve reasonably high PLQY values (12% for DNC = 2.9 nm), even without any optimization of the synthesis or surface chemistry. We posit that perfect charge compensation cannot explain these results and propose a model in which dominant n-type doping accounts for the observations. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that nonthermal plasma synthesis is a viable pathway for preparing PB:Si NCs featuring NIR sub-band gap D–A transitions with relatively high quantum yields. More generally, this study provides insight into how doping affects energy and charge transfer within quantum-confined systems.
Cell Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (2005)

Polyurethane foam, used as a supporting or insulating material, is sometimes formed in complex molds with significant variations in geometry and size. This work investigates the relationships between cell morphology, density, and mechanical properties in a molded polyurethane material using relatively small cylindrical molds. Understanding these relationships will help mechanical designers to analyze and predict the responses of foam components accurately. Three mold sizes are used to study changes in cell morphology (cell area, cell diameter, aspect ratio, cell angle, cell edge length, cell face thickness, and cell edge thickness), density, and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and collapse stress) with respect to position within the mold. The density is shown to increase from the top to the bottom of the reference mold but does not change significantly in the small and tall molds. However, the mechanical and cell morphology properties show more changes in the small and tall molds when compared to the reference mold even though there are only small changes in density.
Preparation of Impact and Weather Resistant Copolymer (2001)

Synthesis method of the resin is that crosslinked polybutyl acrylate latex is used as base latex. Styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) are grafted onto polybutyl acrylate latex particle and turn into core-shell copolymer. The resin is a good resin's impact modifier. There are study of influence regularity about additive emulsifier, initiator, monomer concentration, the ratio of St to AN, chain transfer to graft polymerization. A kind of core-shell resin used as impact modifier is obtained. (A) Preparation of Crosslinked Butyl Acrylate Rubber Latex
Evaluation of End-User Satisfaction Among Employees Participating in a Web-based Health Risk Assessment With Tailored Feedback (2012)

Most people were satisfied with the web-based HRA with tailored feedback. Sources of dissatisfaction were limited opportunities for providing additional health information outside of the predefined health and lifestyle assessment questionnaire and insufficient transparency on the generation of the feedback. Information regarding the aim and content of the HRA should be clear and accurate to prevent unrealistic expectations among end-users. Involving trusted health professionals in the implementation of web-based HRAs may enhance the use of and confidence in the HRA.
Atomistic fingerprint of hyaluronan–CD44 binding (2017)

Hyaluronan is a polyanionic, megadalton-scale polysaccharide, which initiates cell signaling by interacting with several receptor proteins including CD44 involved in cell-cell interactions and cell adhesion. Previous studies of the CD44 hyaluronan binding domain have identified multiple widespread residues to be responsible for its recognition capacity. In contrast, the X-ray structural characterization of CD44 has revealed a single binding mode associated with interactions that involve just a fraction of these residues. In this study, we show through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that hyaluronan can bind CD44 with three topographically different binding modes that in unison define an interaction fingerprint, thus providing a plausible explanation for the disagreement between the earlier studies. Our results confirm that the known crystallographic mode is the strongest of the three binding modes. The other two modes represent metastable configurations that are readily available in the initial stages of the binding, and they are also the most frequently observed modes in our unbiased simulations. We further discuss how CD44, fostered by the weaker binding modes, diffuses along HA when attached. This 1D diffusion combined with the constrained relative orientation of the diffusing proteins is likely to influence the aggregation kinetics of CD44. Importantly, CD44 aggregation has been suggested to be a possible mechanism in CD44-mediated signaling.
Interprocedural partial redundancy elimination with application to distributed memory compilation (1998)

Partial Redundancy Elimination (PRE) is a general scheme for suppressing partial redundancies which encompasses traditional optimizations like loop invariant code motion and redundant code elimination. In this paper, we address the problem of performing this optimization interprocedurally. We present an Interprocedural Partial Redundancy Elimination (IPRE) scheme based upon a new, concise, full program representation. Our method is applicable to arbitrary recursive programs. We use interprocedural partial redundancy elimination for placement of communication and communication preprocessing statements while compiling for distributed memory parallel machines. We have implemented our scheme as an extension to the Fortran D compilation system. We present experimental results from two codes compiled using our system to demonstrate the useful of IPRE in distributed memory compilation.
Transgenic expression of cecropin B, an antibacterial peptide from <i>Bombyx mori</i>, confers enhanced resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice (2000)

The short persistence of cecropin B peptide in plants, due to post-translational degradation, is a serious impediment in its effective utilization for developing bacterial resistance transgenic plants. Two DNA constructs encoding the full-length precursor of cecropin B peptide and the mature sequence of cecropin B peptide preceded by a signal peptide derived from rice chitinase gene were transformed in rice. The differences in the transcriptional levels in independent transgenic lines showed moderate to high expression of cecropin B gene that correlated well with the differences in cecropin B accumulation observed by Western blot analysis. The development of lesions resulting from infection by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was significantly confined in the infected leaflet of transgenic lines, when compared with the control plants.
Penetration of radiopaque dental restorative materials using a novel ultrasound imaging system. (2007)

Cracks were detected beneath porcelain and amalgam, and within a human molar. Cracks were not detected in simulated dentin beneath gold; however, simulated cement washout directly beneath gold was identified. The ability to detect defects in the phantom was dependent on the acoustic reflection coefficient between interfaces, the attenuation of each material, acoustic clutter within the phantom, and geometry. Gold restorations transmitted minimal acoustic energy due to their large acoustic impedance; however, the ability to distinguish the gold/cement interface from the gold/washout interface indicated that ultrasound can detect density changes immediately below restorations, such as caries, fractures, or debonding. The ability to penetrate resin-composite was also demonstrated.
Band Edge Engineering of Oxide Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Integration of Subsurface Dipoles with Atomic‐Scale Control (2016)

One of the crucial parameters dictating the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water‐splitting is the semiconductor band edge alignment with respect to hydrogen and oxygen redox potentials. Despite the importance of metal oxides in their use as photoelectrodes, studies to control the band edge alignment in aqueous solution have been limited predominantly to compound semiconductors with modulation ranges limited to a few hundred mV. The ability to modulate the flat band potential of oxide photoanodes by as much as 1.3 V, using the insertion of subsurface electrostatic dipoles near a Nb‐doped SrTiO 3 /aqueous electrolyte interface is reported. The tunable range achieved far exceeds previous reports in any semiconductor/aqueous electrolyte system and suggests a general design strategy for highly efficient oxide photoelectrodes.
Imitation learning of globally stable non-linear point-to-point robot motions using nonlinear programming (2010)

This paper presents a methodology for learning arbitrary discrete motions from a set of demonstrations. We model a motion as a nonlinear autonomous (i.e. time-invariant) dynamical system, and define the sufficient conditions to make such a system globally asymptotically stable at the target. The convergence of all trajectories is ensured starting from any point in the operational space. We propose a learning method, called Stable Estimator of Dynamical Systems (SEDS), that estimates parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Model via an optimization problem under non-linear constraints. Being time-invariant and globally stable, the system is able to handle both temporal and spatial perturbations, while performing the motion as close to the demonstrations as possible. The method is evaluated through a set of robotic experiments.
Lentinan from shiitake mushroom (<i>Lentinus edodes</i>) suppresses expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily in the mouse liver (2004)

Induction of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes is related to the formation and chemoprevention of cancer. Since cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP1A subfamily metabolize certain pro-carcinogens to their ultimate forms, down-regulation of CYP1As by food factors leads to the prevention of cancer. Mushroom polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans such as lentinan from Lentinus edodes, possess the anti-tumor and immunomodulating activities through the cytokine production from immunocytes. Recent our studies have demonstrated that lentinan suppresses hepatic CYP1As expression in the both constitutive and inducible levels through the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and an increase in the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB. This paper discusses on the effective lentinan dosage and route of administration for suppression of CYP1As.
Key Generation From Wireless Channels: A Review (2016)

Key generation from the randomness of wireless channels is a promising alternative to public key cryptography for the establishment of cryptographic keys between any two users. This paper reviews the current techniques for wireless key generation. The principles, performance metrics and key generation procedure are comprehensively surveyed. Methods for optimizing the performance of key generation are also discussed. Key generation applications in various environments are then introduced along with the challenges of applying the approach in each scenario. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future studies.
Cancer-related fatigue (Review) (2002)

Fatigue is one of the most common complaints of people with cancer. It affects the majority of patients actively undergoing cancer related therapies, but also a meaningful number of those who successfully completed therapy and are disease-free and potentially cured at the end of the treatments. In cancer setting, fatigue is to be defined as a chronic form of tiredness, which is perceived by the patient as being unusual or abnormal, and absolutely disproportionate with respect to the amount of exercise or activity he/she has carried out and which is not removed by resting or sleeping. The exact cause of fatigue is not known. In cancer setting there are many contributing or associated factors, such as cancer itself, cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and surgery), depression or anxiety, some medications, pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, poor nutrition, anemia, infections, insomnia. There is no standard of care for the assessment or treatment of fatigue in patients with cancer. The evaluation of fatigue is intrinsically multidimensional, even though the lack of objective measurement methods makes it difficult to draw up worldwide-accepted guidelines; nonetheless, a number of methods have been developed to assess it. Treatment of fatigue should depend on its cause, but presently it is still addressed against the associated symptoms rather than fatigue itself. Useful approaches includes erythropoietin alpha, psychostimulants, medications to treat pain, depression, nausea and difficult sleeping, physical therapy for reconditioning exercises or energy saving techniques, health education. In this report some of the crucial issues related to fatigue in people with cancer are reviewed.
Experience at a Single Institution with Endovascular Treatment of Mechanical Complications Caused by Implanted Central Venous Access Devices in Pediatric and Adult Patients (2003)

The endovascular approach is highly feasible, safe, and effective for the management of mechanical complications of central venous devices. It is probably advisable to reserve endovascular repositioning for port catheters that are cumbersome to exchange and to replace simple catheters.
Herbal medicine takes root in Germany. (1998)

The sale of Herbal Medicine is a growth industry in Germany, where physicians routinely prescribe these products and annual sales have surpassed $ 2 billion. Pam Harrison says the rising popularity has been driven by German patients, who began demanding herbal alternatives to synthetic drugs. Medical schools responded by reintroducing lessons on a topic that had been phased out of the medical curriculum.
Continuous cultivation of Dunaliella salina in photobioreactor for the production of β-carotene (2007)

A helix tube photobioreactor with a volume of 10 L was designed and manufactured. The facade of the reactor was designed as three-layer frame. The illumination helixes units were 16, illumination area volume was 1.5 L, illuminate specific area was 95 m−1. A marine micro-alga Dunaliella salina was used as a model organism in this study. Results showed that the optimum inoculum concentration was OD630 = 0.15 and the optimum circulation rate of culture fluid was 630 mL/h for the bioreactor. In continuous cultivation, in order to determine the optimum collection of alga solution for the highest yield of β-carotene, three different alga solution collection and addition fresh culture medium volumes were applied: 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 L/day. The biomass and extraction of β-carotene were determined in different cultivation periods. The result suggested that the optimum daily harvest of alga solution was 1.5 L/day for the cultivation of D. salina to obtain the highest production of β-carotene.
Direct dry film optical bonding ‐ A low‐cost, robust, and scalable display lamination technology (2011)

Abstract— A robust, repeatable, low‐cost lamination process that utilizes pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) to directly bond substrates to displays, such as LC, OLED, plasma, and electrophoretic displays, has been developed. These substrates can vary in intent and serve as protective covers, reflection mitigation, heaters, filters, touch screens, environmental barriers, etc. The resultant assembly is very rugged (shock, impact, and vibration resistant), while maximizing optical performance. This paper briefly describes the traditional liquid bonding technologies and compares them to dry‐film bonding. A section of the paper focuses on the enhanced optical and environmental performances of dry‐film bonded displays. This paper may also serve as a brief review of optical‐bonding technologies.
Therapeutic Agents Targeting at AGE-RAGE Axis for the Treatment of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence (2017)

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), together with its receptor (RAGE) are known to play a predominant role in the onset of diabetic micro- and macrovascular diseases. Therefore, therapeutic interventions which can target AGE-RAGE axis are of great interest in diabetic therapy. Animal studies demonstrated promising results for most of the AGE-RAGE inhibitors but their actual clinical values are not fully elaborated.
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in plasma, serum and blood - conceptual and practical problems (2013)

Substances produced throughout the body are detectable in the blood, which is the most common biological fluid used in clinical testing. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have long been sought in the blood, but none has become an established or validated diagnostic test. Companion reviews in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy will review specific types of biomarkers or applications; in this overview, we cover key concepts related to AD blood biomarker studies in general. Reasons for the difficulty of detecting markers of a brain-specific disorder, such as AD, in the blood are outlined; these pose conceptual challenges for blood biomarker discovery and development. Applications of blood tests in AD go beyond screening and diagnostic testing; other potential uses are risk assessment, prognostication, and evaluation of treatment target engagement, toxicity, and outcome. Opportunities and questions that may surround these different uses are discussed. A systematic approach to biomarker discovery, detection, assay development and quality control, sample collection, handling and storage, and design and analysis of clinical studies needs to be implemented at every step of discovery and translation to identify an interpretable and useful biomarker.
Catalytic properties of pristine and defect-engineered Zr-MOF-808 metal organic frameworks (2018)

Defect-engineered Zr-MOF-808 are superior catalysts for Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of (bulky) carbonyls.
Intensity controlled motion compensation (2002)

A new motion compensation technique that allows more than one motion vector inside each block is introduced. The technique uses the intensity information to determine which motion vector to apply at any given pixel. An efficient motion estimation algorithm is described that finds near optimal selections of motion vectors. The simulation results show a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy over the traditional one motion vector per block model.
MPE and partial inversion in lifted probabilistic variable elimination (2006)

It is often convenient to represent probabilistic models in a first-order fashion, using logical atoms such as random variables parameterized by logical variables. (de Salvo Braz et al., 2005), following (Poole, 2003), give a lifted variable elimination algorithm (FOVE) for computing marginal probabilities from first-order probabilistic models (belief assessment, or BA). FOVE is lifted because it works directly at the first-order level, eliminating all the instantiations of a set of atoms in a single step. Previous work could treat only restricted potential functions. There, atoms ’ instantiations cannot constrain each other: predicates can appear at most once, or logical variables must not interact across atoms. In this paper, we present two contributions. The first one is a significantly more general lifted variable elimination algorithm, FOVE-P, that covers many cases where atoms share logical variables. The second contribution is to use FOVE-P for solving the Most Probable Explanation (MPE) problem, which consists of calculating the most probable assignment of the random variables in a model. We introduce the notion of lifted assignments, a distribution of values to a set of random variables rather than to each individual one. Lifted assignments are cheaper to compute while being as useful as regular assignments over that group. Both contributions advance the theoretical understanding of lifted probabilistic inference.