gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dense random packings of spherocylinders (2011)

In this paper, the random packing of spherocylinders of different aspect ratios is simulated with an improved geometric based relaxation algorithm. It is shown that the packing density increases to a maximum and then decreases with the growth of aspect ratio, which is consistent with the literature results. However, the maximum packing density reaches 0.722 when the aspect ratio is 0.5, higher than those reported. The positions and orientations of the particles are demonstrated to be randomly distributed. The first three peaks in the radial distribution function g(r) may correspond to three possible local structures, and the second peak moves in the positive direction of the r-axis with the increase of aspect ratio. The coordination number results generally agree with those reported in the literature. Nevertheless, considering that a spherocylinder consists of a cylinder and two hemispherical parts, different types of contacts can be identified, including sphere–sphere, sphere–cylinder, and cylinder–cylinder contacts. The sphere–sphere contacts decrease and cylinder–cylinder contacts increase with the increase of aspect ratio. The findings are useful for a better understanding of the packing of spherocylinders.
Tanks and temples (2017)

We present a benchmark for image-based 3D reconstruction. The benchmark sequences were acquired outside the lab, in realistic conditions. Ground-truth data was captured using an industrial laser scanner. The benchmark includes both outdoor scenes and indoor environments. High-resolution video sequences are provided as input, supporting the development of novel pipelines that take advantage of video input to increase reconstruction fidelity. We report the performance of many image-based 3D reconstruction pipelines on the new benchmark. The results point to exciting challenges and opportunities for future work.
Adaptive Compression-based Lifelong Learning (2019)

The problem of a deep learning model losing performance on a previously learned task when fine-tuned to a new one is a phenomenon known as Catastrophic forgetting. There are two major ways to mitigate this problem: either preserving activations of the initial network during training with a new task; or restricting the new network activations to remain close to the initial ones. The latter approach falls under the denomination of lifelong learning, where the model is updated in a way that it performs well on both old and new tasks, without having access to the old task's training samples anymore. Recently, approaches like pruning networks for freeing network capacity during sequential learning of tasks have been gaining in popularity. Such approaches allow learning small networks while making redundant parameters available for the next tasks. The common problem encountered with these approaches is that the pruning percentage is hard-coded, irrespective of the number of samples, of the complexity of the learning task and of the number of classes in the dataset. We propose a method based on Bayesian optimization to perform adaptive compression/pruning of the network and show its effectiveness in lifelong learning. Our method learns to perform heavy pruning for small and/or simple datasets while using milder compression rates for large and/or complex data. Experiments on classification and semantic segmentation demonstrate the applicability of learning network compression, where we are able to effectively preserve performances along sequences of tasks of varying complexity.
Minication affects action-based distance judgments in oculus rift HMDs (2014)

Distance perception is a crucial component for many virtual reality applications, and numerous studies have shown that egocentric distances are judged to be compressed in head-mounted display (HMD) systems. Geometric minification, a technique where the graphics are rendered with a field of view that larger than the HMD's field of view, is one known method of eliminating the distance compression [Kuhl et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2012]. This study uses direct blind walking to determine how minification might impact distance judgments in the Oculus Rift HMD which has a significantly larger FOV than previous minification studies. Our results show that people were able to make accurate distance judgments in a calibrated condition and that geometric minification causes people to overestimate distances. Since this study shows that minification can impact wide FOV displays such as the Oculus, we discuss how it may be necessary to use calibration techniques which are more thorough than those described in this paper.
Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by recyclable sulfonic acid-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (2014)

Sulfonic acid-functionalized metal–organic frameworks are efficiently used as recyclable solid acid catalysts for the fructose-to-HMF transformation.
Rescue of retinal degeneration by intravitreally injected adult bone marrow–derived lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells (2004)

Inherited retinal degenerations afflict 1 in 3,500 individuals and are a heterogeneous group of diseases that result in profound vision loss, usually the result of retinal neuronal apoptosis. Atrophic changes in the retinal vasculature are also observed in many of these degenerations. While it is thought that this atrophy is secondary to diminished metabolic demand in the face of retinal degeneration, the precise relationship between the retinal neuronal and vascular degeneration is not clear. In this study we demonstrate that whenever a fraction of mouse or human adult bone marrow–derived stem cells (lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells [Lin(–) HSCs]) containing endothelial precursors stabilizes and rescues retinal blood vessels that would ordinarily completely degenerate, a dramatic neurotrophic rescue effect is also observed. Retinal nuclear layers are preserved in 2 mouse models of retinal degeneration, rd1 and rd10, and detectable, albeit severely abnormal, electroretinogram recordings are observed in rescued mice at times when they are never observed in control-treated or untreated eyes. The normal mouse retina consists predominantly of rods, but the rescued cells after treatment with Lin(–) HSCs are nearly all cones. Microarray analysis of rescued retinas demonstrates significant upregulation of many antiapoptotic genes, including small heat shock proteins and transcription factors. These results suggest a new paradigm for thinking about the relationship between vasculature and associated retinal neuronal tissue as well as a potential treatment for delaying the progression of vision loss associated with retinal degeneration regardless of the underlying genetic defect.
Imiquimod Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Positive Men (2006)

Imiquimod appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for AIN in HIV-positive MSM. Clinical response is accompanied by a significant decrease in high-risk HPV DNA load. These results should encourage controlled randomized studies of imiquimod treatment of AIN.
‘Click labelling’ in PET radiochemistry (2009)

Abstract The copper(I)‐catalysed 1,3‐dipolar cylcoaddition of terminal alkynes with substituted azides has seen a rapidly growing popularity in a wide range of applications. This versatile coupling reaction has been also recognised as an invaluable tool to meet the high radiosynthetic demands of tracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Here, we are reviewing publications from 2006 to March 2009. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of Malware Analysis using Static and Dynamic Analysis Method (2015)

Malware analysis is a process to perform analysis of malware and how to study the components and behavior of malware. On this paper it will use two methods of malware analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysis. Static analysis is a method of malware analysis which done without running the malware. While dynamic analysis is a method of malware analysis which the malware is running in a secure system Malware analysis is important, since many malware at this day which is not detectable by antivirus. Now viruses are made with special ability to avoid detection from antivirus On this research we will focus on implementation of malware analysis using static analysis and dynamic analysis method.
Ameliorative and Exacerbating Effects of [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP(4–9) on Impairment of Step-Through Passive Avoidance Task Performance by Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Related Drugs in Mice (2005)

To examine the effect of the arginine-vasopressin fragment, [pGlu(4),Cyt(6)]AVP((4-9)) (AVP4-9), on group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) agonist and antagonist induced impairment of passive avoidance (PA) task performance, AVP4-9 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was administered in the presence of mGluR2/3-related drugs that induced the impairment of the step-through-type PA task performance. The PA task performance was evaluated in terms of the latency (the time that elapsed prior to entry into the dark compartment) at 24 h after the electrical stimulation. The subcutaneous injection of AVP4-9 at 1 mug/kg had the greatest facilitative effect on the performance, and the facilitative effect of AVP4-9 was inhibited by NPC-15437, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. The injection of AVP4-9 ameliorated PA task performance impairment induced by DCG-IV, an mGluR2/3 agonist. Intracisternal injection of PMA, a PKC activator, also ameliorated the DCG-IV-induced impairment. High doses of AVP4-9 exacerbated the PA task performance impairment induced by LY341495 (an mGluR2/3 antagonist), and PMA injection (1 mug) also exacerbated the impairment induced by the antagonist. These results suggest that an increase in the activity of the PKC-signaling pathway may not always facilitate PA task performance; therefore, AVP4-9 can either enhance or inhibit memory performance in mice.
Performance evaluation of multipath mitigation techniques for critical urban applications based on a land mobile satellite channel model (2014)

The use of GNSS for critical terrestrial applications requires adapted integrity monitoring algorithms for either safety or liability issues. Prior to the design of integrity monitoring algorithms, it is necessary to characterize the nominal error model of every error source affecting the pseudorange measurements. This paper focuses on describing a way to calculate the contribution of the multipath to the nominal error model by a set of simulations based on an urban channel model and a realistic GNSS tracking loop simulator. To improve the accuracy of the positioning, multipath mitigation techniques are usually implemented in the receivers. This paper assesses the performances of the Narrow Correlator, the Double-Delta and the A Posteriori Multipath Estimation techniques in an urban environment and provides their multipath residual nominal error model as a function of the satellite elevation angle. A relationship between quality monitoring indicators and the multipath estimation technique (APME) is also discussed. The results of this paper are obtained by simulating an actual urban railway environment and therefore can be taken as inputs for the design of GNSS integrity monitoring algorithms for rail users. The same approach can be used for the determination of the nominal error model for other terrestrial application subject to simulating an adapted channel.
Optimum Bond Calling and Refunding (1979)

Long-term corporate bonds have traditionally been issued with a call option, whereby the issuing company reserves the right to call the bond, that is, to redeem or buy back the bond prior to maturity. Usually the purpose of calling the bond is to be able to refund it, that is, replace it with one having a lower interest rate, or coupon. During 1976–77, when interest rates had dropped significantly from the rates of 1969–70 and 1974–75, Bell System companies called or refunded over $2 billion of long-term debt. This paper describes how analytical techniques developed at Bell Labs and AT&T played a significant role in these refundings.
<scp>The Effect of Data Breaches on Shareholder Wealth</scp> (2010)

Abstract Many companies face the risk of a data breach exposing stored personal information of customers and employees. The frequency of such incidents has been increasing over time and can result in significant costs for the affected firm. This article examines the stock market's assessment of the cost of data breaches at publicly traded companies in which personal information such as customer and/or employee data are exposed. Using event study methodology on a sample of 77 events between the beginning of 2004 and the end of 2006, we find that the overall effect of a data breach on shareholder wealth is negative and statistically significant. Based on a cross‐sectional analysis of the cumulative abnormal returns, we find a negative association between market reaction and firms that are less forthcoming about the details of the breach. We also find that firms with higher market‐to‐book ratios experience greater negative abnormal returns associated with a data breach. Further, we find that firm size and subsidiary status mitigate the negative effect of a data breach on the firm's stock price and that the negative market reaction to a data breach is more significant in the most recent time periods of the sample.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Virus A (H1N1), Europe, 2007–08 Season (2009)

In Europe, the 2007-08 winter season was dominated by influenza virus A (H1N1) circulation through week 7, followed by influenza B virus from week 8 onward. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase emerged independently of drug use. By country, the proportion of ORVs ranged from 0% to 68%, with the highest proportion in Norway. The average weighted prevalence of ORVs across Europe increased gradually over time, from near 0 in week 40 of 2007 to 56% in week 19 of 2008 (mean 20%). Neuraminidase genes of ORVs possessing the H275Y substitution formed a homogeneous subgroup closely related to, but distinguishable from, those of oseltamivir-sensitive influenza viruses A (H1N1). Minor variants of ORVs emerged independently, indicating multiclonal ORVs. Overall, the clinical effect of ORVs in Europe, measured by influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infection, was unremarkable and consistent with normal seasonal activity.
Synthesis of Analogues of Ribosylbarbituric Acid (1985)

Abstract Syntheses of 5-alkyl (5 b, c), 2′-deoxyribosyl (9, 10) and arabinofuranosyl (13) analogues of ribosylbarbituric acid (5a) are described. The compounds were prepared by condensation of persilylated barbituric acids with pentofuranosyl moieties. The 2′-tolylthio analogue (16) was obtained by an alternative procedure involving ring-opening of 6,2′-O-cyclouridine (15).
Cell selection using distributed Q-learning in heterogeneous networks (2013)

Cell selection with cell range expansion (CRE) that is a technique to expand a pico cell range virtually by adding a bias value to the pico received power, instead of increasing transmit power of the pico base station (PBS), can make coverage, cell-edge throughput, and overall network throughput improved. Many studies about CRE have used a common bias value among all user equipments (UEs), while the optimal bias values that minimize the number of UE outages vary from one UE to another. The optimal bias value that minimizes the number of UE outages depends on several factors such as the dividing ratio of radio resources between macro base stations (MBSs) and PBSs, it is given only by the trial and error method. In this paper, we propose a scheme to select a cell by using Q-learning algorithm where each UE learns which cell to select to minimize the number of UE outages from its past experience independently. Simulation results show that, compared to the practical common bias value setting, the proposed scheme reduces the number of UE outages and improves network throughput in the most cases. Moreover, instead of the degradation of the performances, it also solves the storage problem of our previous work.
HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editing (2022)

The inversion of real images into StyleGAN's latent space is a well-studied problem. Nevertheless, applying existing approaches to real-world scenarios remains an open challenge, due to an inherent trade-off between reconstruction and editability: latent space regions which can accurately represent real images typically suffer from degraded semantic control. Recent work proposes to mitigate this trade-off by fine-tuning the generator to add the target image to well-behaved, editable regions of the latent space. While promising, this fine-tuning scheme is impractical for prevalent use as it requires a lengthy training phase for each new image. In this work, we introduce this approach into the realm of encoder-based inversion. We propose HyperStyle, a hypernetwork that learns to modulate StyleGAN's weights to faithfully express a given image in editable regions of the latent space. A naive modulation approach would require training a hypernetwork with over three billion parameters. Through careful network design, we reduce this to be in line with existing encoders. HyperStyle yields reconstructions comparable to those of optimization techniques with the near real-time inference capabilities of encoders. Lastly, we demonstrate HyperStyle's effectiveness on several applications beyond the inversion task, including the editing of out-of-domain images which were never seen during training. Code is available on our project page: https://yuval-alaluf.github.io/hyperstyle/.
Security methods for MP3 music delivery (2000)

The impetus for the work presented in this paper arose from the need to enable Internet-based secure audio delivery and protection of digitized music against illegal distribution. The approach described, provides protection for the widely accepted MPEG-1 Layer-3 audio encoding format, although it can easily be applied to any other perceptual audio coding (PAC) standard. During the process of MP3 encoding, selective, content-based security features are added to the stream in order to de-couple and protect individual layers of audio quality while introducing minimal processing overhead and maintaining the audio format. In addition to quality-layered protection, we propose simultaneous use of our audio watermarking technology for a complete solution in network-based secure audio delivery and copyright protection.
A synthetic tRNA for EF‐Tu mediated selenocysteine incorporation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2015)

Incorporation of selenocysteine (Sec) in bacteria requires a UGA codon that is reassigned to Sec by the Sec-specific elongation factor SelB and a conserved mRNA motif (SECIS element). These requirements severely restrict the engineering of selenoproteins. Earlier, a synthetic tRNASec was reported that allowed canonical Sec incorporation by EF-Tu; however, serine misincorporation limited its scope. We report a superior tRNASec variant (tRNAUTuX) that facilitates EF-Tu dependent stoichiometric Sec insertion in response to UAG both in vivo in Escherichia coli and in vitro in a cellfree protein synthesis system. We also demonstrate recoding of several sense codons in a SelB supplemented cell-free system. These advances in Sec incorporation will aid rational design and directed evolution of selenoproteins.
Sra: A Web-Based Research Tool For Spectral And Roughness Analysis Of Sound Signals (2007)

(Abstract to follow)
Symptom Profile of ADHD in Youth With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Study in Psychiatrically Referred Populations (2014)

Despite the robust presentation of ADHD, a significant majority of ASD youth with ADHD failed to receive appropriate ADHD treatment (41% vs. 24%; p = .02). A high rate of comorbidity with ADHD was observed in psychiatrically referred youth with ASD, with a clinical presentation typical of the disorder.
Teriflunomide, an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for the potential oral treatment of multiple sclerosis. (2010)

Teriflunomide, being developed as a potential oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) by sanofi-aventis, is the active metabolite of the rheumatoid arthritis drug leflunomide. Both teriflunomide and leflunomide are inhibitors of the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is critically involved in pyrimidine synthesis. The production of activated T-cells largely depends on de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and thus pyrimidine depletion is thought to result in the inhibition of immune cell proliferation. Therapeutic efficacy of teriflunomide has been demonstrated in vivo in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS using Dark Agouti rats. In a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of patients with relapsing-remitting MS, treatment with teriflunomide reduced the number of active lesions in the brain and preliminary evidence indicated a slowing in the development of disability. Recently reported data from the phase III TEMSO clinical trial support these initial findings. Compared with current therapies, teriflunomide has the advantage of oral administration. Thus, if good efficacy is demonstrated, teriflunomide may have a role to play in the future treatment of MS.
Device Drivers in User Space: A Case for Network Device Driver (2012)

Traditionally device drivers specially the network one's are implemented and used in Linux Kernel for various reasons. However in recent trend, many network stack vendors are moving towards the user space based drivers. Open Source-'GPL' is one of strong reason for such a move. In the absence of generic guidelines, there are various options to implement device drivers in user space. Each has their advantage and disadvantage. In this paper, we will cover multiple issues with user space device driver and will give more insight about the Network Device Driver implementation in User Space Index Terms-Network drivers, user space, zero copy.
Generating, multiplexing/demultiplexing and receiving the orbital angular momentum of radio frequency signals using an optical true time delay unit (2013)

A scheme for generating and/or eliminating the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of radio frequency (RF) signals based on the true time delay (OTTD) system is proposed for the first time. The central structure of the scheme is the OTTD unit connected with a circular antenna array which can provide or compensate the helical phase variation precisely, and therefore can form or eliminate the OAM radio beam with different states (the topological charges) conveniently. Other prominent advantages of the proposed system are support for multiplexing/demultiplexing the OAM states carried on the RF signals with the same frequency and support for exchange of the OAM states carried on two RF signals. This can be regarded as the analog of various other multiplexing technologies for increasing the capacity and efficiency in radio communication systems. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
WideBand OM4 multi-mode fiber for next-generation 400Gbps data communications (2014)

We define the bandwidth requirements for OM4 performance within the wavelength window of 850 to 950nm. We have manufactured a MMF meeting these requirements while maintaining full compatibility with legacy OM4. This MMF enables 400Gbps using wavelength division multiplexing.