gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for calculating high-resolution wafer parameter profiles (2004)

This paper describes a method to use parametric or yield data from many different products and die sizes for generating highly detailed wafer profiles. These profiles have an improved signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution compared to traditional wafer maps. This technique takes advantage of multiple die sizes and their variation in placement on the wafer to increase the information available about the wafer patterns. Several potential applications of these profiles were discussed.
Pressure gauge calibration applying 0-A-0 pressurization to reference gauge (2016)

<p>A calibration method is proposed to improve pressure calibration that uses a pressure gauge as the reference device. The reference gauge is pressurized by a 0-A-0 pressurization procedure, whereas the test gauge can be pressurized through various procedures. The calibration results with this method were consistent with those calibrated against a pressure balance. The method is expected to help develop low-cost pressure calibration systems that are more precise.</p>
Folded planar metasurface spectrometer (2018)

We present a folded planar spectrometer based on dielectric metasurfaces operating in the near-IR range (760 nm-860 nm) and achieving ~1.22-nm spectral resolution. The planar and compact shape makes the demonstrated spectrometer well-suited for applications requiring integrated and portable spectrometers.
Human Norovirus Aptamer Exhibits High Degree of Target Conformation-Dependent Binding Similar to That of Receptors and Discriminates Particle Functionality (2016)

Although two <i>in vitro</i> cultivation methods have been reported, discrimination of infectious human norovirus particles for study of viral inactivation is still a challenge, as both rely on reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding assays serve as a proxy for estimation of infectious particles; however, they are costly and difficult to purify/modify. Some evidence suggests that certain nucleic acid aptamers only bind intact target proteins, thus displaying a high degree of conformation-dependent binding. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to characterize the degree of conformation-dependent binding a human norovirus aptamer, M6-2, displayed with the capsid of the norovirus GII.4 Sydney (SYV) strain as a model. SYV capsids were exposed to heat, and aptamer, receptor (HBGA), and antibody binding was assessed. M6-2 and the receptor displayed similarly little target sequence-dependent binding (2.0% ± 1.3% and 0.5% ± 1.2% signal, respectively) compared to that of NS14 (26.4% ± 3.9%). The decay rates calculated with M6-2 and the receptor were also not statistically significantly different (<i>P</i> > 0.05), and dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy confirmed these observations. Ligand docking simulations revealed multiple distinct contacts of M6-2 in the N-terminal P1 and P2 domains of the viral capsid, with some residues close to receptor binding residues. These data suggest that single-stranded DNA aptamers like M6-2 display a high degree of target conformation-dependent binding. It is the first time nucleic acid aptamers have had this characteristic utilized and investigated to discern the infectivity status of viral particles, and the data suggest that other aptamers may show promise as valuable ligands in the study of other fastidious microorganisms. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Human noroviruses impose a considerable health burden globally. However, study of their inactivation is still challenging with currently reported cell culture models, as discrimination of infectious viral particles is still difficult. Traditionally, the ability of particles to bind putative carbohydrate receptors is conducted as a proxy for infectivity, but these receptors are inconsistent, expensive, and hard to purify/modify. We report a hitherto unexplored property of a different type of ligand, a nucleic acid aptamer, to mimic receptor binding behavior and assess capsid functionality for a selected strain of norovirus. These emerging ligands are cheaper, more stable, and easily synthesized/modified. The previously unutilized characteristic reported here demonstrates the fundamental potential of aptamers to serve as valuable, accessible tools for any microorganism that is difficult to cultivate/study. Therefore, this novel concept suggests a new use for aptamers that is of great value to the microbiological community-specifically that involving fastidious microbes.
A morphing downwind-aligned rotor concept based on a 13-MW wind turbine (2015)

To alleviate the mass-scaling issues associated with conventional upwind rotors of extreme-scale wind turbines (>/=10 MW), a morphing downwind-aligned rotor (MoDaR) concept is proposed herein. The concept employs a downwind rotor with blades whose elements are stiff (no intentional flexibility) but with hub-joints that can be unlocked to allow for moment-free downwind alignment. Aligning the combination of gravitational, centrifugal and thrust forces along the blade path reduces downwind cantilever loads, resulting in primarily tensile loading. For control simplicity, the blade curvature can be fixed with a single morphing degree of freedom using a near-hub joint for coning angle: 22 degrees at rated conditions. The conventional baseline was set as the 13.2-MW Sandia 100-m all glass blade in a three-bladed upwind configuration. To quantify potential mass savings, a downwind load-aligning, two-bladed rotor was designed. Because of the reduced number of blades, the MoDaR concept had a favorable 33% mass reduction. The blade reduction and coning led to a reduction in rated power, but morphing increased energy capture at lower speeds such that both the MoDaR and conventional rotors have the same average power: 5.4 MW. A finite element analysis showed that quasi-steady structural stresses could be reduced, over a range ofmore » operating wind speeds and azimuthal angles, despite the increases in loading per blade. However, the concept feasibility requires additional investigation of the mass, cost and complexity of the morphing hinge, the impact of unsteady aeroelastic influence because of turbulence and off-design conditions, along with system-level Levelized Cost of Energy analysis.« less
Systematic single limited magnitude asymmetric error correcting codes (2010)

In the asymmetric error model, a symbol a over an alphabet Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> = {0,1,..., q - 1} may be modified during transmission into b, where b <; a (assuming that the dominant error type is the decreasing error). For some applications, the error magnitude b - a is not likely to exceed a certain threshold l. One such application is the multi-level flash memory (Cassuto et al., 2008). In this paper, we propose systematic codes which correct single limited magnitude asymmetric errors (single l-AEC codes). The proposed codes achieve higher rate than the ones given in (Cassuto) for the case where t = 1. We illustrate the main construction by the following examples.
Modular string-sensitive permission analysis with demand-driven precision (2009)

In modern software systems, programs are obtained by dynamically assembling components. This has made it necessary to subject component providers to access-control restrictions. What permissions should be granted to each component? Too few permissions may cause run-time authorization failures, too many constitute a security hole. We have designed and implemented a composite algorithm for precise static permission analysis for Java and the CLR. Unlike previous work, the analysis is modular and fully integrated with a novel slicing-based string analysis that is used to statically compute the string values defining a permission and disambiguate permission propagation paths. The results of our research prototype on production-level Java code support the effectiveness, practicality, and precision of our techniques, and show outstanding improvement over previous work.
System for Testing Thermal Insulation of Pipes (2003)

An apparatus and method have been developed for measuring the rates of leakage of heat into pipes carrying liquids, the purpose of the measurements being to quantify the thermal performance of the insulation system. The apparatus is designed primarily for testing pipes used to carry cryogenic liquids, but can also be used for measuring the thermal performance of other insulated pipes or piping systems. The basic measurement principle is straightforward: The outer surface of the pipe insulation is maintained at a fixed warmer temperature. The interior of the pipe is maintained in a narrow fixed lower-temperature range by means of a regular liquid (e.g., water) that is pumped through the pipe at a known flow rate or a cryogenic liquid (e.g., nitrogen) that is saturated at atmospheric pressure and replenished until steady-state conditions are achieved. In the case of water or another liquid pumped through, the inlet and outlet temperatures are measured and heat-leak power is calculated as the mass flow rate of the liquid multiplied by the specific heat of the liquid multiplied by the inlet-to-outlet temperature rise of the liquid. In the case of liquid nitrogen or another low-temperature boiling liquid, the heat-leak power is calculated as the rate of boil-off multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid. Then the thermal-insulation performance of the pipe system can be calculated as a function of the measured heat-leak power, the inner and outer boundary temperatures, and the dimensions of the pipe. The apparatus can test as many as three pipes simultaneously. The pipes can have inner diameters up to .15 cm and outer diameters up to .20 cm. The lengths of the pipes may vary; typical lengths are of the order of 18 m. Two thermal guard boxes . one for each end of the pipe(s) under test . are used to make the inlet and outlet fluid connections to the pipe(s) (see figure). The connections include bellows that accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of the pipes. The guard boxes and pipe(s) are positioned so that the pipe(s) slope upward from the upstream to the downstream end at an angle of at least 2 . The upward slope allows vapor bubbles to accumulate at the downstream end. The thermal guard boxes keep the ends of the pipes at the lower interior temperature to prevent spurious lengthwise leakage of heat into the pipes. It is important to prevent this spurious heat leakage because, if it were allowed to occur, it could contribute a large error in the measured heat-leak power. The upstream thermal guard box includes a heat exchanger through which liquid flowing into the pipe(s) is subcooled to the saturation temperature corresponding to the ambient pressure. Conversely, this heat exchanger can also be used to warm the flowing liquid to a desired fixed temperature. The apparatus includes a temperature control device that is placed around each pipe under test. Each device is operated under thermostatic control to maintain the outer surface of the pipe insulation at the specified test temperature. All measurements are recorded on a portable data-acquisition system.
Article The HSF-like Transcription Factor TBF1 Is a Major Molecular Switch for Plant Growth-to-Defense Transition (2012)

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University,Durham, NC 27708, USASummaryBackground: Induction of plant immune responses involvessigniﬁcant transcription reprogramming that prioritizesdefense over growth-related cellular functions. Despite inten-sive forward genetic screens and genome-wide expression-proﬁling studies, a limited number of transcription factorshave been found that regulate this transition.Results: Using the endoplasmic-reticulum-resident genesrequired for antimicrobial protein secretion as markers, weidentiﬁed a heat-shock factor-like transcription factor thatspeciﬁcally binds to the TL1 (GAAGAAGAA) cis elementrequired for the induction of these genes. Surprisingly, plantslacking this TL1-binding factor, TBF1, respond normally toheat stress but are compromised in immune responsesinduced by salicylic acid and by microbe-associated molec-ular pattern, elf18. Genome-wide expression proﬁling indi-cates that TBF1 plays a key role in the growth-to-defensetransition. Moreover, the expression of TBF1 itself is tightlyregulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels.Two upstream open reading frames encoding multiplearomatic amino acidswere found 5
Active Context-Based Concept Fusionwith Partial User Labels (2006)

In this paper we propose a new framework, called active context-based concept fusion, for effectively improving the accuracy of semantic concept detection in images and videos. Our approach solicits user annotations for a small number of concepts, which are used to refine the detection of the rest of concepts. In contrast with conventional methods, our approach is active, by using information theoretic criteria to automatically determine the optimal concepts for user annotation. Our experiments over TRECVID 2005 development set (about 80 hours) show significant performance gains. In addition, we have developed an effective method to predict concepts that may benefit from context-based fusion.
Syntheses and biological activities of chiral piperidines-tachykinin NK3 antagonists. (1999)

Compound 1b had the best binding activity (IC50 = 5.9 nmol.L-1) and the best AUC (2081 micrograms.h.L-1).
HIF1α inhibition by dual targeting of CDK4/6 and HSP90 reduces cancer cell viability including Rb-deficient cells (2020)

Abstract Most cancers harbor intra-tumoral hypoxia which promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) mediates an adaptive response to hypoxia and contributes to multiple cancer hallmarks. We describe cancer therapeutic targeting of HIF1α by combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors (HSP90i). CDK1 contributes to HSP90-mediated HIF1α stabilization whereas CDK1-knockdown enhances HIF1α reduction by HSP90i. Dual CDK1- and HSP90-inhibition increases apoptosis and synergistically inhibits cancer cell viability. To translate our findings, we use FDA-approved CDK4/6i in combination with HSP90i to reduce HIF1α expression and suppress viability of multiple cancer cell types, including Rb-deficient cancer cells. Overexpression of HIF1α 668E partially rescues the cell viability inhibition by combination CDK4/6i and HSP90i treatment under hypoxia. CDK4/6i and HSP90i suppresses tumor growth in vivo . Thus, combined targeting of CDK4/6 and HSP90, through a drug class effect, inhibits HIF1α and shows preclinical anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy, including with Rb-deficiency.
Joint Radar and Communication System Optimization for Spectrum Sharing (2019)

Common approaches for radar and communication system spectrum sharing consider protection zones with power allocation for in-band operation, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) with spectrum sensing for in-band operation, and sense-and-avoid, frequency-agile approaches for out-of-band operation. In this paper we introduce a cooperative spectrum sharing model that combines multiple aspects of the previously mentioned approaches for in-band and out-of-band coexistence. This model jointly optimizes multiple radar and communication system parameters for improved frequency agility and performance while mitigating mutual interference between secondary radiofrequency (RF) users. Spectrum sensing is implemented to form a power spectral estimate of the electromagnetic environment (EME) to identify the secondary users. Multi-objective optimization then adjusts the output power, center frequency, and bandwidth parameters of the radar and communication system to maximize range resolution, radar signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and channel capacity. Simulations are used to evaluate the model for different RF spectra. The results indicate that spectrum sharing is achieved for all systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks Stabilize Solution‐Inaccessible Cobalt Catalysts for Highly Efficient Broad‐Scope Organic Transformations. (2016)

Abstract Mixed ligand metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) and UiO‐type MOFs are prepared and their Co‐complexes are used as highly robust and recyclable catalysts in hydrogenation and boration reactions as shown for the UiO‐type CoCl 2 (bipyv‐MOF) complex.
Value-Cell Bar Charts for Visualizing Large Transaction Data Sets (2007)

One of the common problems businesses need to solve is how to use large volumes of sales histories, Web transactions, and other data to understand the behavior of their customers and increase their revenues. Bar charts are widely used for daily analysis, but only show highly aggregated data. Users often need to visualize detailed multidimensional information reflecting the health of their businesses. In this paper, we propose an innovative visualization solution based on the use of value cells within bar charts to represent business metrics. The value of a transaction can be discretized into one or multiple cells: high-value transactions are mapped to multiple value cells, whereas many small-value transactions are combined into one cell. With value-cell bar charts, users can 1) visualize transaction value distributions and correlations, 2) identify high-value transactions and outliers at a glance, and 3) instantly display values at the transaction record level. Value-Cell Bar Charts have been applied with success to different sales and IT service usage applications, demonstrating the benefits of the technique over traditional charting techniques. A comparison with two variants of the well-known Treemap technique and our earlier work on Pixel Bar Charts is also included.
A Structural Optimization Method Incorporating Level Set Boundary Expressions Based on the Concept of the Phase Field Method (2009)

Topology optimization has been successfully used in many industries, such as mechanical industries, but it often encounters numerical problems such as grayscale representations of obtained composites. A type of structural optimization method using the level set theory for boundary expressions has been proposed, in which the outlines of target structures are implicitly represented using the level set function, and optimal configurations are obtained by updating this function based on the optimal criteria. However, this method has a drawback that it does not allow topological changes that either introducing a hole in the material domain. To overcome the above two problems, this paper proposes a new topology optimization method incorporating level set boundary expressions based on the concept of the phase field method, and we apply it to the minimum mean compliance problem. First, a structural optimization problem is formulated based on a boundary expression using the level set function. Next, a time evolution equation for updating the level set function is formulated based on the concept of the phase field method, and the minimum mean compliance problem is formulated using the level set boundary expression. An optimization algorithm for the topology optimization incorporating the level set boundary expression based on the concept of the phase field method is derived. Finally, several examples are provided to confirm the usefulness of the proposed structural optimization method.
Semi-blind maximum a Posteriori fast fading channel estimation for multicarrier systems (1999)

We propose in this paper an optimum semi-blind fast fading channel estimation algorithm for multicarrier systems. This algorithm performs an iterative estimation of the multiplicative channel according to the maximum a posteriori criterion, using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. It requires a convenient representation of the two-dimensional frequency-time discrete multiplicative channel seen by all multicarrier transmitted symbols. This representation is guaranteed by the KarhunenLoeve expansion theorem based on the spaced-frequency spaced-time correlation function of the channel.
Power-Recycling Feedback System for Maximization of Leaky-Wave Antennas' Radiation Efficiency (2010)

A novel power-recycling feedback scheme is proposed for systematic maximization of the generally poor radiation efficiency of leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). In this scheme, the nonradiated power at the end of the LWA structure, instead of being lost in the terminating load, is fed back to the input of the LWA through a power-combining system, which constructively adds the input and feedback powers while ensuring perfect matching and isolation of the two signals. As a result, the radiation efficiency of the isolated (or open-loop) LWA η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is enhanced by the system's gain factor G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> (G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> > 1) to the overall radiation efficiency of η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , which may reach 100% for any value of η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> in a lossless system. The design of the power-recycling system depends on η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , which typically results from a tradeoff between required directivity and restricted size. The paper derives, for a rat-race-based implementation, the exact design equations, which determine both the rat-race impedance ratios and the feedback phase conditions of the system. The build-up of the steady-state regime from the transient regime at the onset of the system is explicated by transient circuit and electromagnetic simulations. Finally, an experimental power-recycling LWA system, including naturally ohmic and dielectric losses in addition to other imperfections, is demonstrated, where the isolated antenna efficiency η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is enhanced from 38% to 68%, corresponding to a system efficiency enhancement of G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 1.8 . The proposed power-recycling feedback system applies to all LWAs and solves their fundamental efficiency problem in practical applications involving a tradeoff between relatively high directivity (higher than half-wavelength resonant antennas) and small size (smaller than open-loop LWAs or complex phased arrays).
CD metrology on OPC features using light optical and electron optical tools (2002)

TO enable lithography at low k1 factors, OPC on photo masks is a method of strong and growing importance. But CD metrology of OPC features is suffering form several drawbacks: (1) OPC structures often do not have two parallel edges, which are required for usual CD metrology methods; (2) There are no commonly agreed standard definitions how and where to measure some types of OPC structures; (3) The CDs are very small; (4) There is no automated software for the measurement of OPC structures on operator level. A metrology method and a fully automated software for metrology of OPC structures based on LWM optical CD metrology tools is shown in this paper. It automatically distinguishes between hammerheads and serifs in various orientations. The method works analog to pitch measurements and requires only pitch calibration and no additional CD calibration. The results of light optical metrology tools with i-line and DUV wavelength is compared to CD SEM results.