gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodimerization of anthracenes in fluid solution: structural aspects (2000)

Owing to their versatile photophysical and photochemical properties, anthracene and its derivatives are being employed in many systems, for instance as energy migration probes in polymers, triplet sensitizers, molecular fluorosensors, electron acceptor or donor chromophores in artificial photosynthesis, photochromic substrates in 3D memory materials, etc. One remarkable feature is their ability to photodimerize under UV irradiation which induces considerable changes in their physical properties. This account reports the preparative and structural aspects of this very useful and protean photocycloaddition.
Modular Routing Design for Chiplet-Based Systems (2018)

System-on-Chip (SoC) complexity and the increasing costs of silicon motivate the breaking of an SoC into smaller "chiplets." A chiplet-based SoC design process has the promise to enable fast SoC construction by using advanced packaging technologies to tightly integrate multiple disparate chips (e.g., CPU, GPU, memory, FPGA). However, when assembling chiplets into a single SoC, correctness validation becomes a significant challenge. In particular, the network-on-chip (NoC) used within the individual chiplets and across chiplets to tie them together can easily have deadlocks, especially if each chip is designed in isolation. We introduce a simple, modular, yet elegant methodology for ensuring deadlock-free routing in multi-chiplet systems. As an example, we focus on future systems combining chiplets on an active silicon interposer. To maximize modularity, each individual chiplet is free to implement its own NoC topology and local routing algorithm, and the interposer can implement its own independent topology and routing. Our methodology imposes a few simple turn restrictions applied only to traffic as it flows into or out of the chiplets from the interposer, and we provide a way to determine these restrictions. The end result is an overall approach that enables highly-modular, chiplet-based SoC construction while eliminating deadlocks with high performance.
Approach, Method, and Concepts (2016)

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Realization of a 30-W highly efficient and linear reconfigurable dual-band power amplifier using the continuous mode approach (2013)

This paper presents the design methodology and the realization of a highly linear and power-efficient reconfigurable dual-band amplifier based on the continuous/Class-ABJ approach. The Class-ABJ theory allows presenting different reactive solutions on both fundamental and second harmonic terminations compared with the standard Class-AB mode. Despite the various terminations, a constant optimum output performance in terms of power, gain, and efficiency can still be achieved. The output impedances are then translated into frequency thus allowing the realization of broadband power amplifiers (PAs) at high-power level of 30 W. In this work, the Class-ABJ broadband approach will be used for the realization of a reconfigurable dual-band power amplifier operating in the two frequency bands 2.1–2.2 and 2.5–2.6 GHz. Continuous wave (CW) measurements on the realized PA show power and efficiency greater than 17 W and 55% in the two frequency bands with peak values up to 30 W and 63.7%. Indeed, it is shown that such novel modes can be predistorted and therefore the linearity requirement can also be met.
The Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Relapse-Free Survival in Patients with Osteosarcoma of the Extremity (1986)

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether intensive multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy improves the chances of relapse-free survival in patients with nonmetastatic high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremity, as compared with concurrent controls. After undergoing definitive surgery, 36 patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy or to observation without adjuvant treatment. At two years the actuarial relapse-free survival was 17 percent in the control group, similar to that found in studies before 1970, and 66 percent in the adjuvant-chemotherapy group (P less than 0.001). Similar results were observed among 77 additional patients who declined to undergo randomization but who elected observation or chemotherapy. We conclude that the natural history of osteosarcoma of the extremity has remained stable over the past two decades, that adjuvant chemotherapy increases the chances of relapse-free survival of patients with high-grade osteosarcoma, and that it should be given to all such patients.
Veno-active drugs in the management of chronic venous disease. An international consensus statement: current medical position, prospective views and final resolution. (2005)

VAD are effective and may be applied in CVD when symptomatic, from C0s to C6s. However, etiological treatment of venous reflux and venous hypertension has always priority. In some cases VAD may replace compression and/or complement its effects. If respecting these prerequisites, VAD are safe and effective.
Generation of neoantigenic epitopes after posttranslational modification of type II collagen by factors present within the inflamed joint (2005)

When modified by conditions found within the inflamed joint, CII acts as an autoantigen in RA.
한국어 - 영어 - 독어의 어순비교연구 - 동사를 중심으로 - (1994)

전통 유형학에 따르면 영어나 독일어를 SVO(주어-동사-목적어)의 어순을 갖는 언어라고 말하며 한국어를 SOV-언어라고 말한다. 이 말은 영어나 독일어에 있어서의 동사의 위치는 일반적으로 주어 다음이며, 한국어에 있어서의 동사의 위치는 문장의 맨 끝에 위치함을 의미한다. 예를 들어, (1) a. Ich kaufe ein Auto. (SVO) b. I buy a car. (SVO) c. 나는 차를 산다. (SOV) 독일어가 영어와 함께 유형학적으로 SVO의 어순을 갖는 언어로 구분하지만 독일어의 어순을 동사를 기준으로 살펴볼 때 영어의 어순과 다르며, 한국어도SOV의 어순만을 갖는다고 단정하여 말하기 어려운 몇 가지 문제점이 있다. 다음의 예문에서 볼 수 있는 것 처럼 독일어에 있어서는 OVS의 도치된 어순을 갖는 문장이 정문으로 간주되나 영어에 있어서는 비문으로 간주되며, 한국어에 있어서도 주어와 목적어가 서로 도치된 문장을 볼 수 있다. (2) a. Ein Auto kaufe ich. (OVS) b. *A car buy I. *(OVS) c. 차를 나는 산다. (OSV) 그러므로 이 논문에서는 먼저 관형절, 강조구문 등 몇 가지 특성이 될만한 구문과 동사의 위치를 중심으로 한국어-영어-독일어의 어순을 비교 연구하여 보았다. 이 논문의 주요 논점을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국어, 영어, 독일어의 일반적인 어순을 살펴 볼 때 한국어의 일반 어순은 독일어의 관계절의 어순과 비슷하다. 둘째, 관형절을 비교해 볼 때 영어에 있어서는 관계대명사를 이용한 관계절의 구성만 가능할 뿐 관형절을 찾아 볼 수 없으나, 독일어에 있어서는 한국어에 있어서 처럼 관형절의 구성을 허용함으로 한국어와 유사점이 있다. 셋째, Quirk(1972: 943)이 주장한 바에 따르면 영어에 있어서는 새로운 정보나 복잡한 문장의 성분일 수록 문장이나 절의 뒷쪽으로 가는 end-weight, end -focus의 경향이 있다면, 한국어에 있어서는 그 반대의 현상인 front-weight, front-focus의 경향, 즉 주제화 현상이 강하다는 결론을 내릴수 있다. 넷째, 영어나 독일어의 강조구문으로 알려진 it-cleft, es-cleft의 문장을 살펴보면 한국어는 가주어를 이용한 강조구문이 존재하지 않으며 모두 주제-평언의 구조로 대치됨을 볼 수 있다. 다섯째, 한국어-영어 -독어의 동사의 위치를 비교해 본 결과 한국어에 있어서는 영어나 독일어에서 볼 수 있는 주어-동사의 도치현상이 나타나지 않고 동사의 위치는 항상 문장의 끝에 고정됨을 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 한국어의 어순을 동사의 위치로 본다면 동사가 문장의 끝 위치에 오는 동사-말단언어, 즉 verb-final language (X-Subject-Vtensed)라고 할 수 있으며, 독일어는 앞의 여러 가지 한국어와 유사한 점이 있음을 고려해 볼 때 SVO-언어라고 단정짓기 보다는 Hawkins (1986: 161-180)가 주장한 바대로 동사가 항상 문장의 두 번째 위치에 오는 동사-제2위치언어 (verb second language, X-Vtensed-Subject)라고 규정하는 것이 좋을 것 같다.
Characterization of large two-dimensional YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7–<i>δ</i></sub>SQUID arrays (2016)

Large two-dimensional SQUID arrays were made using the step-edge Josephson junction process. The performance of the arrays is analyzed with respect to determining the conditions under which the optimal performance is achieved. We find that optimization of the field-voltage transfer function VB is reached at a specific temperature and device current bias point, and arrive at an empirical expression describing the dependence of VB on the critical current and dynamic resistance of the SQUID array and as a function of temperature. The empirical expression for VB of the SQUID arrays is similar to that given by well known theoretical models for a single SQUID.
Learning features from High Speed Train vibration signals with Deep Belief Networks (2014)

Feature extraction is one of key steps in fault diagnosis for High Speed Train (HST). In this work, we present a method that can automatically extract high-level features from HST vibration signals and recognize the faults. The method is composed of a Deep Belief Network (DBN) on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of vibration signals. DBNs can be trained greedily, layer by layer, using a model referred to as a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). The real data sets and simulation data sets of HST vibration signals are selected in experiments. First, the vibration signals are preprocessed by FFT. Then, the FFT coefficient-vectors are used to set the states of the visible units of DBNs. Finally, n label units are connected to the "top" layer of the DBNs to identify different faults. The experimental results show that the method may learn useful high-level features from vibration signals and diagnose the different faults of HST.
Biochemical Characterization of a Human Band 4.1-related Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase, PTPH1 (1995)

PTPH1 is a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase with homology to the band 4.1 superfamily of cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Here, we report the purification and biochemical characterization of this enzyme from baculovirus-infected insect cells. The purified protein exhibited an apparent M(r) of 120,000 on SDS gels. The native enzyme dephosphorylated both myelin basic protein (MBP) and reduced, carboxamidomethylated, and maleylated lysozyme (RCML) but was over 5-fold more active on MBP. The Km values for the two substrates were similar (1.45 microM for MBP and 1.6 microM for RCML). Phosphorylation of PTPH1 by protein kinase C in vitro resulted in a decrease in Km but had no effect on Vmax. Removal of the NH2-terminal band 4.1 homology domain of PTPH1 by limited trypsin cleavage stimulated dephosphorylation of RCML but inhibited its activity toward MBP. The dephosphorylation of RCML by full-length PTPH1 was enhanced up to 6-fold by unphosphorylated MBP and increasing ionic strength up to 0.2 M NaCl, whereas trypsinized preparations of PTPH1 containing the isolated catalytic domain were unaffected. These results suggest that in addition to a potential role in controlling subcellular localization, the NH2-terminal band 4.1 homology domain of PTPH1 may exert a direct effect on catalytic function.
Experimental reduction of NO x and HC emissions in a CI engine fuelled with methyl ester of neem oil using p-phenylenediamine antioxidant (2014)

Biodiesel, a renewable substitute to conventional diesel and offers cleaner combustion including reduced particulate matter, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. However, several studies point to increase in NOx emissions for biodiesel fuel compared with conventional diesel fuel. In this paper, the experimental investigation of the effect of antioxidant additive (p-phenylenediamine) on NOx and HC emissions in a methyl ester of neem oil fuelled direct injection diesel engine has been reported. The antioxidant additive is mixed in various concentrations (0.010 to 0.040 % (w/w)) with methyl ester of neem oil and was tested in computerized 4-stroke water-cooled single cylinder diesel engine of 3.5 kW rated power. Results show that the antioxidant additive is effective in controlling the NOx and HC emissions of methyl ester of neem oil fuelled diesel engines.
Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware (1993)

cote interne IRCAM: Rodet92b
Fusion of Intelligence Information: A Bayesian Approach (2002)

The attack that occurred on September 11, 2001 was, in the end, the result of a failure to detect and prevent the terrorist operations that hit the United States. The U.S. government thus faces at this time the daunting tasks of first, drastically increasing its ability to obtain and interpret different types of signals of impending terrorist attacks with sufficient lead time and accuracy, and second, improving its ability to react effectively. One of the main challenges is the fusion of information, from different sources (U.S. or foreign), and of different types (electronic signals, human intelligence. etc.). Fusion thus involves two very distinct and separate issues: communications, i.e., ensuring that the different U.S. and foreign intelligence agencies communicate all relevant and accurate information in a timely fashion and, perhaps more difficult, merging the content of signals, some "sharp" and some "fuzzy," some dependent and some independent into useful information. The focus of this article is on the latter issue, and on the use of the results. In this article, I present a classic probabilistic Bayesian model sometimes used in engineering risk analysis, which can be helpful in the fusion of information because it allows computation of the posterior probability of an event given its prior probability (before the signal is observed) and the quality of the signal characterized by the probabilities of false positive and false negative. Experience suggests that the nature of these errors has been sometimes misunderstood; therefore, I discuss the validity of several possible definitions.
Molecular Caches: A caching structure for dynamic creation of application-specific Heterogeneous cache regions (2006)

CMPs enable simultaneous execution of multiple applications on the same platforms that share cache resources. Diversity in the cache access patterns of these simultaneously executing applications can potentially trigger inter-application interference, leading to cache pollution. Whereas a large cache can ameliorate this problem, the issues of larger power consumption with increasing cache size, amplified at sub-100nm technologies, makes this solution prohibitive. In this paper, in order to address the issues relating to power-aware performance of caches, we propose a caching structure that addresses the following: 1) Definition of application-specific cache partitions as an aggregation of caching units (molecules). The parameters of each molecule namely size, associativity and line size are chosen so that the power consumed by it and access time are optimal for the given technology. 2) Application-specific resizing of cache partitions with variable and adaptive associativity per cache line, way size and variable line size. 3) A replacement policy that is transparent to the partition in terms of size, heterogeneity in associativity and line size. Through simulation studies we establish the superiority of molecular cache (caches built as aggregations of molecules) that offers a 29% power advantage over that of an equivalently performing traditional cache
Plasma wave electronics: terahertz sources and detectors using two dimensional electronic fluid in high electron mobility transistors (2002)

We discuss our recent theoretical and experimental results dealing with plasma waves in high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and their applications for sources and detectors operating in millimeter and submillimeter range. Plasma waves in short-channel HEMTs have a resonant response. The HEMTs operating in a plasma wave regime should respond to much higher frequencies than for conventional, transit-time limited devices, since the plasma waves propagate much faster than electrons.
Reduced ionic effect and accelerated electro-optic response in a 2D hexagonal boron nitride planar-alignment agent based liquid crystal device (2019)

The presence of excess free-ion impurities in liquid crystals (LCs) gives rise to a number of problems in the electro-optical liquid crystal displays (LCDs), e.g., slow electro-optical responses and image sticking effects. Here we experimentally present that the two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheet can serve as a planar-alignment agent and as an ion-capturing agent at the same time in an electro-optic LC device. The 2D h-BN nanosheet is employed as a planar-alignment agent on one side of an LC cell, where the standard planar-aligning polyimide (PI) layer is used on the other side of the cell. The LC exhibits uniform planar-alignment in this h-BN/PI hybrid device. It is found that the free-ion impurities in the LC are significantly suppressed in this h-BN/PI hybrid cell compared to that in a standard PI/PI LC cell. The free-ion density is reduced in the hybrid cell due to the 2D h-BN nanosheet’s ion-capturing process. The reduction of ionic impurities results in an accelerated electro-optic response of the LC in the h-BN based hybrid cell—which may have potential application for faster electro-optic devices.
Crack Damage in Polymers and Composites: A Review (2016)

Polymer-based materials are extensively used in various applications such as aircrafts, civilian structures, oil and gas platforms and electronics. They are, however, inherently damage prone and over time, the formation of cracks and microscopic damages influences the thermo-mechanical and electrical properties, which eventually results in the total failure of the materials. This paper provides an overview of the principal causes of cracking in polymer and composites and summarizes the recent progress in the development of non-destructive techniques in crack detection. Furthermore, recent progress in the development of bio-inspired self-healing methods in autonomic repair is discussed.
Effect of screw design on fiber breakage and dispersion in injection-molded long glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (2013)

Fiber breakage occurs during the injection molding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, resulting in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the molded parts. In this paper, we propose an effective screw geometry for improving both fiber dispersion and residual fiber length. The proposition is based on the results of our study in which we evaluated five types of screws by investigating the molded specimens. We found that the screw geometry in the compression zone dominantly affected the residual fiber length, and that the choice of an appropriate geometry for the melting and mixing processes was the most important factor for improving both fiber dispersion and residual fiber length. Our experimental observations were compared with the results of flow analysis and consistency was observed. We also discuss the effects of the screw size on the quality of the molded parts.
Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile (2005)

This document supplements RFC 3279. It describes the conventions for
using the RSASSA-PSS signature algorithm, the RSAES-OAEP key transport
algorithm and additional one-way hash functions with the PKCS #1
version 1.5 signature algorithm in the Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure (PKI). Encoding formats, algorithm identifiers, and
parameter formats are specified.
A Bubble Memory Differential Detector (1981)

In the application of digital memories, significant variations can occur in the memory sensor analog responses processed by detection circuitry to recover stored binary data. Across an ensemble of memory devices of the same type, the variations are due to manufacturing deviations, and for a particular device, they occur with changes in operating conditions. With magnetic bubble memories, binary data are recovered by sensing the presence or absence of a magnetic domain in each bit interval. In general, a nonadaptive bubble detector does not accommodate the variations that may occur in the bubble response when each decision is based only on the sensor response in the current bit interval. Here we present a differential detector design that is reasonably simple to implement as one integrated circuit and is tolerant of signal amplitude drifts in bubble memory sensor outputs.
Colitis Induced by Enteric Bacterial Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Requires CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions for a Sustained Increase in Mucosal IL-12 (2000)

C3H/HeJBir is a mouse substrain that is highly susceptible to colitis. Their CD4+ T cells react to Ags of the commensal enteric bacteria, and the latter can mediate colitis when activated by these Ags and transferred to histocompatible scid recipients. In this study, multiple long-term C3H/HeJBir CD4+ T cell (Bir) lines reactive to commensal enteric bacterial Ags have been generated. All these were Ag specific, pauciclonal, and Th1 predominant; most induced colitis uniformly after transfer to scid recipients. Lesions were focal and marked by increased expression of IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma mRNA and protein. Pathogenic Bir T cell lines expressed CD40 ligand (CD40L) when cultured with Ag-pulsed APCs in vitro. Production of IL-12 was also increased in such cultures, an effect that was Ag- and T cell-dependent and required costimulation by CD40, but not by B7. The two Bir T cell lines that did not induce lesions after transfer failed to significantly express CD40L or increase IL-12 when cultured with Ag-pulsed APCs. Administration of anti-CD40L blocked disease expression induced by pathogenic T cells. We conclude that interactions in the colon mucosa between CD40L-expressing Bir Th1 cells with APCs endogenously loaded with commensal bacterial Ags are critical for sustained increases in local IL-12 production and progression to colitis.
A decoding algorithm for binary block codes andJ-ary output channels (Corresp.) (1974)

A search algorithm is described to decode long binary block codes of any rate for the memoryless binary input <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</tex> -ary output channel. It can be used directly to perform maximum-likelihood decoding or in a constrained version that gives considerably fewer searches at a small sacrifice in performance. Simulation results are given for a rate-l/2 code of length 128 and minimum Hamming distance 22 on the quantized Gaussian channel.
Robust Image Matching By Dynamic Feature Selection (2020)

Estimating dense correspondences between images is a long-standing image under-standing task. Recent works introduce convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract high-level feature maps and find correspondences through feature matching. However,high-level feature maps are in low spatial resolution and therefore insufficient to provide accurate and fine-grained features to distinguish intra-class variations for correspondence matching. To address this problem, we generate robust features by dynamically selecting features at different scales. To resolve two critical issues in feature selection,i.e.,how many and which scales of features to be selected, we frame the feature selection process as a sequential Markov decision-making process (MDP) and introduce an optimal selection strategy using reinforcement learning (RL). We define an RL environment for image matching in which each individual action either requires new features or terminates the selection episode by referring a matching score. Deep neural networks are incorporated into our method and trained for decision making. Experimental results show that our method achieves comparable/superior performance with state-of-the-art methods on three benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of our feature selection strategy.
Wellness programs: complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). (1993)

Employers that offer wellness programs must be careful to comply with the guidelines of ADA. As the dollar amounts involved in these programs and the number of participants increase, so does the risk of lawsuits.