gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making Smaller Microshells From Refractory Metals (1988)

Tendency toward gas porosity exploited. Falling through drop tube, fine drops of molten metal lose heat to surroundings, forming hard shells around precipitated gas. Second heating/cooling cycle in drop tube of lower pressure lets gas expand. Process produces smaller shells in greater variety of materials than possible with such current processes as based on hollow-jet instability, dry-chemical blowing or fluid-droplet drying. Shell aspect ratio (ratio of radius to wall thickness) controllable. New process makes shells having diameters smaller than 100 micrometer. There are several candidate shell materials including refractory metals.
Automatic index creation for handwritten notes (1999)

This paper describes a technique for automatically creating an index for handwritten notes captured as digital ink. No text recognition is performed. Rather, a dictionary of possible index terms is built by clustering groups of ink strokes corresponding roughly to words. Terms whose distribution varies significantly across note pages are selected for the index. An index page containing the index terms is created, and terms are hyper-linked back to their original location in the notes. Further, index terms occurring in a note page are highlighted to aid browsing.
A taxonomy for medical image registration acceleration techniques (2007)

For the past decade, improving the performance and accuracy of medical image registration has been a driving force of innovation in medical imaging. Fast, accurate image registration enhances diagnoses of patients, accounts for changes in morphology of structures over time, and even combines images from complementary modalities (e.g. computed tomography and positron emission tomography). The ultimate goal of medical image registration research is to create a robust, real time, elastic registration solution that may be used for multiple modalities such that new image-guided intervention techniques can be pioneered. With such a computationally intensive and multifaceted problem, researchers have applied a variety of innovative approaches at different levels of the problem to improve the performance of this solution. This diversity in work presents many opportunities for synergies between complementary techniques, but to date has mostly gone unrealized. This paper samples existing literature on image registration acceleration techniques and proposes a classification of “levels” into which they can be binned. We show experimentally that combining approaches from different levels can lead to over l00x speedup on an eight node heterogeneous cluster.
Robust utterance verification for connected digits recognition (2002)

Utterance verification represents an important technology in the design of user-friendly speech recognition systems. This paper addresses the issue of robustness in utterance verification. Four different approaches to robustness have been investigated: a string based likelihood measure for the detection of non-vocabulary words and "putative" errors, a signal bias removal method for channel normalization, on-line adaptation technique for achieving desirable trade-off between false rejection and false alarms, and a discriminative training method for the minimization of the expected string error rate. When these techniques were all integrated into a state-of-the-art connected digit recognition system, the string error rate was found to decrease by up to 57% at a rejection rate of 5%. For non-vocabulary word strings, the proposed utterance verification system rejected over 99.9% of extraneous speech.
High-Throughput Virtual Screening Identifies Novel <i>N</i>′-(1-Phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazides as Potent, Specific, and Reversible LSD1 Inhibitors (2013)

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in regulating histone lysine methylation at residues K4 and K9 on histone H3 and is an attractive therapeutic target in multiple malignancies. Here we report a structure-based virtual screen of a compound library containing ∼2 million small molecular entities. Computational docking and scoring followed by biochemical screening led to the identification of a novel N'-(1-phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazide series of LSD1 inhibitors with hits showing biochemical IC50s in the 200-400 nM range. Hit-to-lead optimization and structure-activity relationship studies aided in the discovery of compound 12, with a Ki of 31 nM. Compound 12 is reversible and specific for LSD1 as compared to the monoamine oxidases shows minimal inhibition of CYPs and hERG and inhibits proliferation and survival in several cancer cell lines, including breast and colorectal cancer. Compound 12 may be used to probe LSD1's biological role in these cancers.
MEMS-reconfigurable antenna based on a multi-size pixelled geometry (2010)

A MEMS reconfigurable antenna with beam steering\ncapability and resonance frequency reconfigurability is\npresented. The design is based in an interconnected patch grid\nstructure and employs a hybrid geometry with different sized\npatches in a biclustered distribution on order to reduce the\nstructure complexity and the number of necessary switches. A\nsmall antenna of λ/2 by λ/2 using only 12 RF-MEMS switches is\noptimized using genetic algorithms, demonstrating beam tilting\nover a range of 120º and resonant frequency reconfigurability over 4, 5 and 6GHz. The described design constitutes a step forward in the accomplishment of multiple parameter reconfiguration.
Soft capacitive sensor for structural health monitoring of large-scale systems (2010)

Structural integrity of infrastructures can be preserved if damage is diagnosed, localized, and repaired in time. During the past decade, there has been a considerable effort to automate the process of structural health monitoring, which is complicated by the inherent large size of civil structures. Hence, a need has arisen to develop new approaches that enable more effective health monitoring. In this paper, a new sensing technique for damage localization on large civil structures is proposed. Specifically, changes in strain are detected using a capacitance sensor built with a soft, stretchable dielectric polymer with attached stretchable metal film electrodes. A change in strain causes a measurable change in the capacitance of the sensor, which can be directly monitored when the sensor is fixed to a structure. The proposed method is shown here to permit an accurate detection of cracks. The proposed system deploys a layer of dielectric polymer on the surface of a structural element, and regularly monitors any change in capacitance, giving in turn information about the structural state. The smart material is composed of inexpensive silicone elastomers, which make the monitoring system a promising application for large surfaces. Results from tests conducted on small-scale specimens showed that the technology is capable of detecting cracks, and tests conducted on large-size specimens demonstrated that several sensor patches organized on a sensor sheet are capable of localizing a crack. The sensor strain also exhibits a high correlation with the loss of stiffness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-cost parametric test and diagnosis of RF systems using multi-tone response envelope detection (2007)

Because of aggressive technology scaling and multi-GHz operating frequencies of radio frequency (RF) devices, parametric failure test and diagnosis of RF circuitry is becoming increasingly important for the reduction of production test cost and faster yield ramp-up. A low-cost test and diagnosis method is proposed for multi-parametric faults in wireless systems that allows for the accurate prediction of the end-to-end specifications as well as the specifications of all the embedded RF modules. The procedure is based on application of an optimised test stimulus and extraction of its transient test response envelopes at RF signal nodes using a simple diode-based envelope detector. The test response is down-converted to lower frequencies compared to the operating frequency, thus eliminating the need to make RF measurements using expensive instrumentation. The specifications as well as the diagnostic information are computed from the test response of the envelope detector using statistical models. It is shown that the resulting information (features) in the transient envelope can accurately predict a host of test specifications using a single test configuration and test response capture event. Hardware measurement data from a 1.575 GHz transceiver shows that the test specifications of the system as well as the modules can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy using this method.
Synthesis of threshold logic circuits using tree matching (2007)

Threshold logic has been known to be an alternative to Boolean logic for over four decades now. However, due to the lack of efficient circuit implementations, threshold logic did not gain popularity until recently. This change is motivated by new and efficient alternative CMOS implementations for threshold logic and futuristic nano devices like RTDs and SETs which possess inherent threshold properties. This paper motivates the need for threshold logic, and justifies it as an alternative design technique in the post-CMOS era. We present a novel synthesis algorithm for threshold circuits based on tree matching. In comparison with the previous state of the art methods the proposed method demonstrates an improvement of 25% in the number of gates required (max improvement is 50%) and comparable circuit depth.
300 mW operation of a surface-emitting phase-locked array of diode lasers (1987)

The focused-ion-beam micromachining of an output coupler and a 45° turning mirror to form a surface-emitting, 10-element, phase-locked array of diode lasers is described. 330 mW optical power was emitted at the turning mirror in pulsed operation.
Differential influence of the E4 adenoviral genes on viral and cellular promoters (2000)

Background Strong and stable transgene expression is fundamental to the success of recombinant adenovirus vectors in human gene therapy. However, control of transgene expression is a complex process, involving both viral and cellular factors. In this study, the influence of the E4 adenoviral region on the activity of various promoters was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods Pairs of isogenic E1° and E1°E4° vectors were generated and compared. Levels of transgene expression were determined by Northern blot, ELISA and FACS analysis. Initiation of transcription was studied by nuclear run-on assays. Results Similar to the viral CMV and RSV promoters, the activity of the ubiquitous cellular PGK promoter required the presence of the E4 genes in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, transgene expression from selected liver- and tumor-specific promoters did not require E4 functions. Conclusion Together with the reported low liver toxicity of E1°E4° vectors, the independence of E4 of liver-specific promoters renders such vectors interesting alternatives to the use of gutless vectors. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implantable glucose sensor (1983)

Two new approaches for construction and testing of a miniature in vivo implantable glucose sensor are described. The first approach is to immobilize glucose oxidase onto a platinum wire, coated with special glass (Corning), and to cover the immobilized enzyme with a thin layer of polymer to prevent large molecules from poisoning the electrode. The second, and more successful, approach is to use the principle of coated wire electrodes by incorporating a quaternary ammonium salt with an insoluble glucose salt and poly(vinyl chloride). Potentiometric measurements were used to test the two electrodes, as well as records of voltage and current responses. Responses of the electrodes to varying glucose concentrations are described. Current work is concerned with the responses of these electrodes to plasma and blood, and in examining interference effects from blood chemicals and electrolytes. Alternative methods for preparation of the coated wire electrodes are under investigation, as is their mechanism of action.
Improved sensitivity at synchrotrons using edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging (2013)

The application of the X-ray phase-contrast `edge illumination' principle to the highly coherent beams available at synchrotron radiation facilities is presented here. We show that, in this configuration, the technique allows achieving unprecedented angular sensitivity, of the order of few nanoradians. The results are obtained at beamlines of two different synchrotron radiation facilities, using various experimental conditions. In particular, different detectors and X-ray energies (12 keV and 85 keV) were employed, proving the flexibility of the method and the broad range of conditions over which it can be applied. Furthermore, the quantitative separation of absorption and refraction information, and the application of the edge illumination principle in combination with computed tomography, are also demonstrated. Thanks to its extremely high phase sensitivity and its flexible applicability, this technique will both improve the image quality achievable with X-ray phase-contrast imaging and allow tackling areas of application which remain unexplored until now.
OpenHiCAMM: High-Content Screening Software for Complex Microscope Imaging Workflows (2018)

High-content image acquisition is generally limited to cells grown in culture, requiring complex hardware and preset imaging modalities. Here we report an open source software package, OpenHiCAMM (Open Hi Content Acquisition for μManager), that provides a flexible framework for integration of generic microscope-associated robotics and image processing with sequential work-flows. As an example, we imaged <i>Drosophila</i> embryos, detecting the embryos at low resolution, followed by re-imaging the detected embryos at high resolution, suitable for computational analysis and screening. The OpenHiCAMM package is easy to use and adapt for automating complex microscope image tasks. It expands our abilities for high-throughput image-based screens to a new range of biological samples, such as organoids, and will provide a foundation for bioimaging systems biology.
Physics-inspired upsampling for cloth simulation in games (2011)

We propose a method for learning linear upsampling operators for physically-based cloth simulation, allowing us to enrich coarse meshes with mid-scale details in minimal time and memory budgets, as required in computer games. In contrast to classical subdivision schemes, our operators adapt to a specific context (e.g. a flag flapping in the wind or a skirt worn by a character), which allows them to achieve higher detail. Our method starts by pre-computing a pair of coarse and fine training simulations aligned with tracking constraints using harmonic test functions. Next, we train the upsampling operators with a new regularization method that enables us to learn mid-scale details without overfitting. We demonstrate generalizability to unseen conditions such as different wind velocities or novel character motions. Finally, we discuss how to re-introduce high frequency details not explainable by the coarse mesh alone using oscillatory modes.
Properties of CsnR, the Transcriptional Repressor of the Chitosanase Gene, <i>csnA</i> , of Streptomyces lividans (2011)

A palindromic sequence is present in the intergenic region preceding the chitosanase gene csnA (SSPG_06922) of Streptomyces lividans TK24. This sequence was also found in front of putative chitosanase genes in several other actinomycete genomes and upstream genes encoding putative transcriptional regulators of the ROK family, including csnR (SSPG_04872) in S. lividans. The latter was examined as a possible transcriptional regulator (CsnR) of chitosanase gene expression. In vitro, purified CsnR bound strongly to the palindromic sequences of the csnA and csnR genes (equilibrium dissociation constant [K(D)] = 0.032 and 0.040 nM, respectively). Binding was impaired in the presence of chitosan oligosaccharides and d-glucosamine, and chitosan dimer was found to be the best effector, as determined by an equilibrium competition experiment and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) determination, while glucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and galactosamine had no effect. In vivo, comparison of the S. lividans wild type and ΔCsnR strains using β-lactamase reporter genes showed that CsnR represses the expression of csnA and of its own gene, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). CsnR is localized at the beginning of a gene cluster, possibly an operon, the organization of which is conserved through many actinomycete genomes. The CsnR-mediated chitosanase regulation mechanism seems to be widespread among actinomycetes.
Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Saliva Targets Thrombin Action in Hemostasis (2000)

The horn fly, Hematobia irritans (L.), is an important pest of livestock because the adult stage of both sexes are aggressive blood-feeders. Remarkably, even though horn fly adults feed recurrently on their hosts as ectoparasites, these flies lack the ADP-responsive antiplatelet aggregation and vasodilatory antihemostatic systems described for other blood-feeding Diptera. Horn fly salivary gland extracts do interfere with the normal coagulation process as demonstrated by the recalcification time assay. Using this as a baseline, the effects of saliva on recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time were measured to determine which arm(s) of the coagulation cascade might be impacted. Factor-deficient plasma assays also were used to measure possible perturbations in clotting. Gland-free saliva delayed the recalcification time as well as the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. Saliva also further delayed clotting times of plasmas deficient in factor V, factor VIII, and factor XIII, indicating that other factors in the coagulation cascade were inhibited. Although horn fly saliva did not alter the ability of deficient plasma reconstituted with factor X to clot, it did inhibit deficient plasma reconstituted with factor II (thrombin). Antithrombin activity in saliva was confirmed by its ability to interfere with thrombin hydrolysis of fibrinogen, its normal substrate, and by its inhibition of thrombin action on a chromagenic substrate that mimics the hydrolytic site of fibrinogen. Thus, horn fly saliva contains a factor that specifically targets thrombin, a key component in the coagulation cascade. While the biochemical mechanisms of inhibition may vary, this antihemostatic characteristic is shared with other zoophilic Diptera such as black flies, Simulium spp., and tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, that feed on ungulates.
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) is strongly associated with a shorter survival in myeloma patients (2002)

We read with great interest the report by Rasmussen et al (2002), showing no correlation between FGFR3 overexpression and clinical outcome in myeloma. This was surprising, as we have recently demonstrated by cytoplasmic immunoglobulin fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH) a significantly shorter survival (26 vs 45 months, P < 0·001) in myeloma patients having t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), (Fonseca et al, 2001). We would like readers to be aware of this conflicting information and would warn against using FGFR3 expression as a surrogate marker to the translocation. Did the authors determine the presence of t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) by interphase FISH or IgH-MMSET reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (the latter being easy to perform on stored RNA)? This information would clarify whether their results are truly representative of patients with the specific translocation Consistent with their results, Rasmussen et al (2002) also suggested that t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) is a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS)-to-myeloma transition event rather than a primary event, citing as support the lower prevalence of t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) in MGUS compared with multiple myeloma in some studies (Avet-Loiseau et al, 2002). This latter point is still controversial, as we have demonstrated a similar incidence of t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) in MGUS and myeloma using interphase FISH; it is, therefore, not clear that this abnormality represents a progression event. Others have detected t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) in other low-grade plasma cell disorders such as light-chain associated amyloidosis (Perfetti et al, 2001). Rather, we favour the hypothesis that most immunoglobulin heavy chain translocations in myeloma represent primary events (Bergsagel et al, 1996). Furthermore, this hypothesis is not in conflict with the possibility that specific translocations impart unique biological features to patients.
<title>Novel multilayered SERS substrates for trace chemical and biochemical analysis</title> (2004)

We have developed and characterized novel multilayered metal film-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates capable of enhancing SERS signals over an order of magnitude compared to conventional single layer substrates. In addition to enhanced signal intensity, these multilayered metal film substrates also exhibit longer SERS active lifetimes, higher reproducibility and lower detection limits than single layer silver substrates. Multilayered metal film substrates were fabricated by repeated vapor deposition of metal films over nanometer sized silica spheres. Different sizes of silica spheres were evaluated in order to obtain the optimal SERS enhancements. Meanwhile, different coating methods, drop coating and spin coating, were applied to form silica sphere layers that provided the roughness for SERS enhancements. These two coating methods were also compared for various silica sphere sizes by investigating their effects on the SERS enhancements. By applying additional silver layers on top of silver film over silica sphere SERS substrates, multi-layer enhancements can be observed. Additionally, different metals, such as gold, were used to further optimize the stability and reproducibility of these novel substrates. In order to speed up the fabrication of these multiple metal layer SERS substrates, silver oxide layers produced in an oven were investigated, reducing fabrication time by a factor of 50.
Properties of Novel High Temperature Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications (2020)

The attractive combination of strength and low density has resulted in titanium alloys covering 15 to 25% of the weight of a modern jet engine, with titanium currently being used in fan, compressor and nozzle components. Typically, titanium alloys used in jet engine applications are selected from the group of near alpha and alpha-beta titanium alloys, which exhibit superior elevated temperature strength, creep resistance and fatigue life compared to typical titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V. Legacy titanium alloys for elevated temperature jet engine applications include Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si and Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si. Improving the mechanical behavior of these alloys enables improved component performance, which is crucial to advancing jet engine performance. As a world leader in supplying advanced alloys of titanium, nickel, cobalt, and specialty stainless steels, ATI is developing new titanium alloys with improved elevated temperature properties. These improved properties derive from precipitation of secondary intermetallics in alpha-beta titanium alloys. ATI has developed several new alpha-beta titanium alloy compositions which exhibit significantly improved elevated temperature strength and creep resistance. This paper will focus on the effects of chemistry and heat treat conditions on the microstructure and resulting elevated temperature properties of these new aerospace titanium alloys.