gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein immune complexes as markers of atherosclerosis. (1991)

Recently we have demonstrated that cholesterol level in LDL-containing circulating immune complexes (CIC cholesterol) correlates with the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. In the present study we attempted to clarify whether CIC cholesterol level correlates with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The second task was to reveal the diagnostic value of CIC cholesterol in comparison with other lipid and lipoprotein parameters used as markers of dislipidaemia associated with atherosclerosis. The subjects were 107 patients with angiographically-documented coronary atherosclerosis and 66 patients with documented extracoronary atherosclerosis. Only CIC cholesterol and the apo B/apo A-1 ratio contributed strongly to the discrimination between patients with coronary atherosclerosis and those without stenoses. On the other hand, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apo B, Lp[a] and apo A1 did not correlate with the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Subjects with stenosis of extracoronary arteries had significantly higher CIC levels than healthy donors. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of coronary atherosclerosis diagnosis were assessed for each parameter examined. It was revealed that CIC cholesterol is the most reliable marker of coronary atherosclerosis as compared to other chemical parameters. In addition, the CIC cholesterol level diagnoses extracoronary atherosclerosis with high accuracy.
C.P.E. Bach's Instrumental "Recompositions": Revisions or Alternatives? (1995)

With the existence of so many alternative renditions of Bach's works, we need to question the possibility of arriving at any "authoritative version" from the viewpoint of either the editior or the performer. The search for such an "authoritative version" would obviously weigh in favor of composer preference. But even in cases in which it is possible to ascertain such preference, can we count on the composer in all instances to be the best judge of his/her own compositions? Can we assume, in fact, that future generations will necessarily concur with the composer's judgment of revisionary alterations? The new varied reprises in Bach's sonatinas, with their virtuoso keyboard displays, surely made the works "more brilliant," and the addition of horns to the ensemble rendered them more up-to-date, perhaps even more fashionable; but whether they are really "better," as Bach asserts, or whether they merely reflect a later reconsideration of the genre is far less clear.
Tumor-suppressor p53: implications for tumor development and prognosis. (1998)

The p53 protein plays a central role in modulating cellular responses to cytotoxic stresses by contributing to both cell-cycle arrest and programmed cell death. Loss of p53 function during tumorigenesis can lead to inappropriate cell growth, increased cell survival, and genetic instability. p53 gene mutations occur in approximately half of all malignancies from a wide range of human tumors. In some tumor types, these p53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis and treatment failure. Based on these insights, new approaches are being developed to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer.
Recognition of hand-lettered characters in the GTX 5000 drawing processor (2003)

The GTX 5000 drawing processor is a commercial device that scans engineering drawings and converts them to computer-aided design format. As part of this process, it automatically classifies the hand-lettered (or occasionally machine-printed) characters that appear on the drawing. The techniques used in this process are described. Although the basic approach (decision trees using numerical features) is standard, the nonparametric recursive technique described for building the decision trees and the use of multiple decision trees for confidence determination are useful refinements. The author also discusses many of the requirements and practical engineering consideration needed to make this commercial product. Finally, results are given on the accuracy of the character-recognition system, based on a set of approximately 9000 hand-lettered characters from engineering drawings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
5,11-Dihydro-5,11-di-1-naphthylindolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]carbazole:  Atropisomerism in a Novel Hole-Transport Molecule for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT5,11-Dihydro-5,11-di-1-naphthylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole: Atropisomerism in a Novel Hole-Transport Molecule for Organic Light-Emitting DiodesNan-Xing Hu, Shuang Xie, Zoran Popovic, Beng Ong, Ah-Mee Hor, and Suning WangView Author Information Xerox Research Center of Canada 2660 Speakman Drive Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1 Department of Chemistry, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 21, 5097–5098Publication Date (Web):May 14, 1999Publication History Received1 March 1999Published online14 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9906554https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9906554rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1970Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amorphous materials,Diodes,Layers,Molecular structure,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Analysis of Temperature Dependence of Raman shift of monolayer WS2 (2016)

We report the temperature-dependent evolution of Raman spectra of monolayer WS2 directly CVD-grown on a gold foil and then transferred onto quartz substrates over a wide temperature range from 84 to 543 K. The nonlinear temperature dependence of Raman shifts for both and A1g modes has been observed. The first-order temperature coefficients of Raman shifts are obtained to be -0.0093 (cm(-1)/K) and -0.0122 (cm(-1)/K) for and A1g peaks, respectively. A physical model, including thermal expansion and three- and four-phonon anharmonic effects, is used quantitatively to analyze the observed nonlinear temperature dependence. Thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of monolayer WS2 is extracted from the experimental data for the first time. It is found that thermal expansion coefficient of out-plane mode is larger than one of in-plane mode, and TECs of and A1g modes are temperature-dependent weakly and strongly, respectively. It is also found that the nonlinear temperature dependence of Raman shift of mode mainly originates from the anharmonic effect of three-phonon process, whereas one of A1g mode is mainly contributed by thermal expansion effect in high temperature region, revealing that thermal expansion effect cannot be ignored.
Dielectric barrier characteristics of Si-rich silicon nitride films deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (2016)

This work proposes a new method toward improving dielectric barrier characteristics through low dielectric permittivity (k) amorphous silicon nitride films (SiNx) deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The dielectric constants of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) SiNx films were in the range of 4.25–4.71 and were relatively lower than that of SiNx deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The dielectric constants of the PEALD SiNx films were nearly identical to the values for PECVD silicon carbon nitride films (SiCN). Although the ALD SiNx films were low-k, they exhibited similar levels of film stress as PECVD SiNx, and the density of ALD SiNx film was higher than that of PECVD SiCN films. The ability to suppress copper (Cu) diffusion through 10-nm thick SiNx dielectric barriers in silicon dioxide/barrier/Cu/tantalum nitride structures on Si substrates was evaluated via Auger electron spectroscopy analysis. Although PEALD SiNx films possessed low dielectric constants (&lt;5), their barrier property to Cu diffusion was nearly equivalent to that of PECVD SiNx. The PECVD SiCN films also exhibited low dielectric constants but showed weak barrier property. Therefore, the low-k ALD SiNx reported herein could be used as a thin film thickness dielectric barrier layer in future advanced technologies.
Eye movement responses to linear head motion in the squirrel monkey. I. Basic characteristics (1991)

1. The purpose of this study was to quantify the response characteristics of eye movements produced by linear head oscillations in the dark (the linear vestibuloocular reflex, or LVOR). Horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements were measured in adult squirrel monkeys by the use of a dual scleral search-coil technique during linear oscillations (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 Hz, 0.36 g peak acceleration) along the animals' interaural (IA), dorsoventral (DV), and nasooccipital (NO) axes. 2. Two LVOR responses, horizontal eye movements during IA-axis translation and vertical eye movements during DV-axis motion, were in a compensatory direction for head translation. Response amplitudes increased as frequency increased, whereas phase typically showed a lead. 3. Two other LVORs, torsional responses during IA-axis translation (all frequencies) and vertical responses during NO-axis oscillations (0.5 Hz), behaved differently. These two LVORs cannot be functionally compensatory for head translation because they degrade fixation on targets, and therefore image stability, by rotating the eyes off target (NO-vertical) or torting the eyes relative to the visual world (IA-torsional). Responses to NO-axis motion at frequencies greater than 0.5 Hz depended on initial eye position and fixation distance and are described in the companion paper. 4. The effect of head orientation on the LVOR was assessed by testing four head positions in 90 degrees steps around the axis of head motion for each of the three axes of translation. This was done, first, to determine whether the LVORs are responses to the "swinging vector" of gravitoinertial force during linear head motion or to head translation; and second, to quantify potential effects of static head (otolith) orientation on the LVORs. Results showed no systematic effects of head orientation on LVOR responses in the frequency bandwidth studied. This indicates that the LVORs are dependent on the direction of linear motion relative to the head (and otolith organs) but not on the swinging vector of gravitoinertial force, and that the LVORs are uninfluenced by static orientation of the head and reloading of the otoliths.
KLK5 and KLK7 Ablation Fully Rescues Lethality of Netherton Syndrome-Like Phenotype (2017)

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe skin disease caused by the loss of protease inhibitor LEKTI, which leads to the dysregulation of epidermal proteases and severe skin-barrier defects. KLK5 was proposed as a major protease in NS pathology, however its inactivation is not sufficient to rescue the lethal phenotype of LEKTI-deficient mice. In this study, we further elucidated the in vivo roles of the epidermal proteases in NS using a set of mouse models individually or simultaneously deficient for KLK5 and KLK7 on the genetic background of a novel NS-mouse model. We show that although the ablation of KLK5 or KLK7 is not sufficient to rescue the lethal effect of LEKTI-deficiency simultaneous deficiency of both KLKs completely rescues the epidermal barrier and the postnatal lethality allowing mice to reach adulthood with fully functional skin and normal hair growth. We report that not only KLK5 but also KLK7 plays an important role in the inflammation and defective differentiation in NS and KLK7 activity is not solely dependent on activation by KLK5. Altogether, these findings show that unregulated activities of KLK5 and KLK7 are responsible for NS development and both proteases should become targets for NS therapy.
An unusual cytokine:Ig-domain interaction revealed in the crystal structure of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in complex with the LIF receptor (2007)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor is a cell surface receptor that mediates the actions of LIF and other IL-6 type cytokines through the formation of high-affinity signaling complexes with gp130. Here we present the crystal structure of a complex of mouse LIF receptor with human LIF at 4.0 A resolution. The structure is, to date, the largest cytokine receptor fragment determined by x-ray crystallography. The binding of LIF to its receptor via the central Ig-like domain is unlike other cytokine receptor complexes that bind ligand predominantly through their cytokine-binding modules. This structure, in combination with previous crystallographic studies, also provides a structural template to understand the formation and orientation of the high-affinity signaling complex between LIF, LIF receptor, and gp130.
Optical bistability, photonic logic, and optical computation (1986)

This paper presents new results and reviews the latest state of research in all-optical nonlinear logic switches, amplifiers, and memories. Optical circuit elements that perform the logic functions of the electronic computer are described. Switching speed on a picosecond time scale, the availability of fast high bandwidth consistent communication, and the application of optical parallelism in free space optical wiring are some advantages of the optical computing elements.
Modeling and analysis of interference in Listen‐Before‐Talk spectrum access schemes (2006)

Abstract Spectrum measurement studies have shown that substantial portions of the allocated wireless spectrum are highly underutilized. Frequency‐agile radios (FARs) have the potential to make opportunistic use of such spectrum holes without causing harmful interference to users of the allocated spectrum. Toward this goal, we develop a framework for modeling the interference caused by FARs employing spectrum access mechanisms based on the simple Listen‐Before‐Talk (LBT) scheme. Two variations of LBT are considered: individual LBT, whereby the FARs act independently of each other; and collaborative LBT, whereby the FARs communicate with each other in order to more accurately identify the spectrum holes. Our analysis of the LBT scheme reveals the fundamental interdependencies among key system design metrics and provides a basis for analyzing more complex spectrum access methods. In particular, the analysis of LBT provides a lower bound on the capacity gain achievable by FARs employing spectrum‐sharing schemes. Our numerical results show that the individual LBT scheme can provide substantial capacity gains, while even more gain can be achieved using the collaborative LBT schemes. Our analysis suggests that much greater gains should be achievable via spectrum access schemes that incorporate location information and/or more sophisticated group behaviors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure of Cycloinulohexaose (1990)

Abstract X-Ray crystallography analyzed cycloinulohexaose, C36H60O30, whose 18-crown-6 skeleton was the GTGTGT conformational arrangement of the six sequential –O–C–CH2–O– units.
Overproduction of Threonine Aldolase Circumvents the Biosynthetic Role of Pyruvate Decarboxylase in Glucose-Limited Chemostat Cultures of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Pyruvate decarboxylase-negative (Pdc(-)) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae require small amounts of ethanol or acetate to sustain aerobic, glucose-limited growth. This nutritional requirement has been proposed to originate from (i) a need for cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) for lipid and lysine biosynthesis and (ii) an inability to export mitochondrial acetyl-CoA to the cytosol. To test this hypothesis and to eliminate the C(2) requirement of Pdc(-) S. cerevisiae, we attempted to introduce an alternative pathway for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. The addition of L-carnitine to growth media did not restore growth of a Pdc(-) strain on glucose, indicating that the C(2) requirement was not solely due to the inability of S. cerevisiae to synthesize this compound. The S. cerevisiae GLY1 gene encodes threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5), which catalyzes the cleavage of threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde. Overexpression of GLY1 enabled a Pdc(-) strain to grow under conditions of carbon limitation in chemostat cultures on glucose as the sole carbon source, indicating that acetaldehyde formed by threonine aldolase served as a precursor for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Fractionation studies revealed a cytosolic localization of threonine aldolase. The absence of glycine in these cultures indicates that all glycine produced by threonine aldolase was either dissimilated or assimilated. These results confirm the involvement of pyruvate decarboxylase in cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis. The Pdc(-) GLY1 overexpressing strain was still glucose sensitive with respect to growth in batch cultivations. Like any other Pdc(-) strain, it failed to grow on excess glucose in batch cultures and excreted pyruvate when transferred from glucose limitation to glucose excess.
DeepFreight: A Model-free Deep-reinforcement-learning-based Algorithm for Multi-transfer Freight Delivery (2021)

With the freight delivery demands and shipping costs increasing rapidly, intelligent control of fleets to enable efficient and cost-conscious solutions becomes an important problem. In this paper, we propose DeepFreight, a model-free deep-reinforcement-learning-based algorithm for multi-transfer freight delivery, which includes two closely-collaborative components: truck-dispatch and package-matching. Specifically, a deep multi-agent reinforcement learning framework called QMIX is leveraged to learn a dispatch policy, with which we can obtain the multi-step joint vehicle dispatch decisions for the fleet with respect to the delivery requests. Then an efficient multi-transfer matching algorithm is executed to assign the delivery requests to the trucks. Also, DeepFreight is integrated with a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming optimizer for further optimization. The evaluation results shows that the proposed system is highly scalable and ensures a 100% delivery success while maintaining low delivery-time and fuel consumption.
Method and apparatus for in-situ characterization of energy storage and energy conversion devices (2023)

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for determining an impedance of an energy-output device using a random noise stimulus applied to the energy-output device. A random noise signal is generated and converted to a random noise stimulus as a current source correlated to the random noise signal. A bias-reduced response of the energy-output device to the random noise stimulus is generated by comparing a voltage at the energy-output device terminal to an average voltage signal. The random noise stimulus and bias-reduced response may be periodically sampled to generate a time-varying current stimulus and a time-varying voltage response, which may be correlated to generate an autocorrelated stimulus, an autocorrelated response, and a cross-correlated response. Finally, the autocorrelated stimulus, the autocorrelated response, and the cross-correlated response may be combined to determine at least one of impedance amplitude, impedance phase, and complex impedance.
Theory of circuit block switch-off (2005)

Abstract. Switching-off unused circuit blocks is a promising approach to supress static leakage currents in ultra deep sub-micron CMOS digital systems. Basic performance parameters of Circuit Block Switch-Off (CBSO) schemes are defined and their dependence on basic circuit parameters is estimated. Therefore the design trade-off between strong leakage suppression in idle mode and adequate dynamic performance in active mode can be supported by simple analytic investigations. Additionally, a guideline for the estimation of the minimum time for which a block deactivation is useful is derived.
Statistical physics of social dynamics (2009)

Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.
Analysis of medical texts based on a sound medical model. (1995)

Automatic understanding of natural language is a complex task due to the presence of ambiguities. In particular, semantic ambiguities which are often immediately and unconsciously solved by human beings, are raised when analyzing natural language sentences by computer. The latter has to know the implicit and contextual information in order to resolve these difficulties. Nowadays in medicine, a considerable effort is deployed to model semantic contents of the medical domain. Such a task is usually performed separately from linguistic considerations. The goal of this paper is to highlight the key issues of basing a medical language processing system on a sound semantic model. To illustrate the requirements and advantages of such a conceptual approach to the analysis process, the experiment conducted to adjust the RECIT analyzer to the GALEN model is shown.
A new group of cosmopolitan bacteriophages induce a carrier state in the pandemic strain of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (2010)

A clonal population of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3 : K6 serovar has spread in coastal waters, causing outbreaks worldwide since 1996. Bacteriophage infection is one of the main factors affecting bacterial strain concentration in the ocean. We studied the occurrence and properties of phages infecting this V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain in coastal waters. Analysing 143 samples, phages were found in 13. All isolates clustered in a closely related group of podophages with at least 90% nucleotide sequence identity in three essential genes, despite distant geographical origins. These bacteriophages were able to multiply on the V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain, but the impact on host concentration and subsequent growth was negligible. Infected bacteria continued producing the phage but were not lysogenized. The phage genome of prototype strain VP93 is 43 931 nucleotides and contains 337 bp direct terminal repeats at both ends. VP93 is the first non-Pseudomonas phage related to the PhiKMV-like subgroup of the T7 supergroup. The lack of a major effect on host growth suggests that these phages exert little control on the propagation of the pandemic strain in the environment. This form of phage growth can be modelled if phage-sensitive and -resistant cells that convert to each other with a high frequency are present in clonal cultures of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus.