gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New anticancer agents: synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines (1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines) (1982)

Reaction of alpha-aminoacetophenone oximes (2) with ethyl 6-amino-4-chloro-5-nitropyridine-2-carbamate (1) gave ethyl 6-amino-5-nitro-4-[(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amino]pyridine-2-carbamate oximes (3), which were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give the corresponding ketones (4). Related pyridines substituted with a keto side chain were prepared from 1 and 1,3-diaminopropanone oximes and by oxidation of the side-chain hydroxy group of ethyl 6-amino-4- [[3-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-5-nitropyridine-7- carbamates (6). Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of 4 over Raney nickel in a large volume of ethanol gave the 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines (7). Several of the oximes 3 were successfully hydrogenated to give 7 directly. The resulting 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines showed potent cytotoxicity against cultured L1210 cells and significant anticancer activity against lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice. These biological activities are attributed to the accumulation of cells at mitosis.
Derivation of chicken induced pluripotent stem cells tolerant to Newcastle disease virus-induced lysis through multiple rounds of infection (2016)

Results demonstrate that ciPSCs are permissive to NDV infection and become increasingly tolerant to NDV under selective pressure, indicating that this system could be applied to study mechanisms of cellular tolerance to NDV.
The Tomato <i>Cf-5</i> Disease Resistance Gene and Six Homologs Show Pronounced Allelic Variation in Leucine-Rich Repeat Copy Number (1998)

The tomato Cf-2 and Cf-5 genes confer resistance to Cladosporium fulvum and map to a complex locus on chromosome 6. The Cf-5 gene has been isolated and is predicted to encode a largely extracytoplasmic protein containing 32 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), resembling the previously isolated Cf-2 gene, which has 38 LRRs. Three haplotypes of this locus from Lycopersicon esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, and L. esculentum var cerasiforme were compared, and five additional homologs of Cf-5 were sequenced. All share extensive sequence identity, particularly within the C-terminal portions of the predicted proteins. In striking contrast to the Cf-9 gene family, six of seven homologs in the Cf-2/Cf-5 gene family vary in LRR copy number, ranging from 25 to 38 LRRs. Cf-5 and one adjacent homolog differ by only two LRRs. Recombination events that vary the LRR copy number in this region could provide a mechanism for the generation of new specificities for recognition of different ligands. A recombination breakpoint between the Cf-2 and Cf-5 loci was fully characterized and shown to be intragenic.
An efficient synthesis method for sinusoidal vocoders (2002)

An FFT-based technique for synthesizing a "sum-of-sinusoids" signal is described. The technique is useful for efficient speech synthesis in sinusoidal-type vocoders. Each sinusoid to be synthesized is represented by a small number of FFT coefficients around the frequency of interest. Linear amplitude modulation of the sinusoid is approximated by convolution with a three-point sequence. Phase information is incorporated by multiplication with a phase constant. The FFT coefficients of each sinusoid, processed as above, are added together and transformed by an IFFT. From the resulting time-domain signal, an appropriate section is extracted to obtain the desired "sum-of-sinusoids" signal. When the number of sinusoids is large, the proposed technique can provide an almost 45% reduction in complexity.
Single-crystal CeCl3(CH3OH)4: A new metal-organic cerium chloride methanol adduct for scintillator applications (2008)

A new scintillator material consisting of a methanol adduct of cerium trichloride with the composition CeCl3(CH3OH)4 has been discovered and crystallized in the form of large single crystals by solution growth in methanol. The peak emission of the x-ray-excited luminescence spectrum occurs at ∼364 nm. A light yield of up to ∼16 600 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 11.4% were obtained using 662 keV gamma-ray photons. The scintillator decay time for 662 keV gamma-ray excitation was measured using the time-correlated, single-photon-counting method, and a nominal value of 64.4 ns was obtained. The molecular adduct CeCl3(CH3OH)4 represents the first example of a rare-earth, metal-organic scintillator that is applicable to gamma ray, x ray, and neutron detection.
Volume Discovery: Leveraging Liquidity in the Depth of an Order Driven Market (2008)

Electronic book trading has evolved as best-of-breed for trading small and mid sized orders. Yet, this mechanism does not properly address the needs of large sized orders which tend to execute off book in over-the-counter markets. Order book trading provides for public price discovery but not for quantity discovery. Off book executions generally fragments the flow which again adversely impacts price discovery. We propose a market model innovation to close this gap: Discovery introduces the new type order to integrate large sized orders into the book. Volume builds on the concept of iceberg that is enhanced by two parameters hidden limit and minimum to continuously search book depth for matching quantity. For large orders, volume discovery leverages already existent liquidity to benefit block trading by increased execution likelihood and reduced opportunity costs. For all orders, volume discovery promotes the integration of OTC markets and book trading in to improve liquidity while protecting price/time priority.
Phase Matched Second Harmonic Generation In A Periodic Polymer Waveguide: Design Of Periodic Electrodes (1990)

Phase matched second harmonic generation has been demonstrated in a periodically poled polymer waveguide. Periodic poling is accomplished by periodic finger electrodes. Finite element calculations of the electric field give the optimum design rules for the electrodes.
Polarized Single-Photons on Demand - A New Source for Quantum Information (2006)

Abstract : The goal of this project is the development of an efficient source, operating at room temperature, of deterministically polarized single photons on demand for quantum information. Our main results are as follows: (1) first demonstration of emitter fluorescence antibunching in liquid crystal hosts; (2) first demonstration of a definite polarization in fluorescence from single emitters (dye molecules) at room temperature both in oligomeric and monomeric planar-aligned nematic liquid crystals; (3) avoiding dye bleaching during more than one hour of cw, 532-nm excitation by special host treatment; (4) first single-dyemolecule/ single semiconductor colloidal quantum dot fluorescence imaging in 1-D photonic bandgap chiral nematic liquid crystals; (5) current single-photon source on demand efficiency using pulsed laser excitation of 1-D photonic bansgap doped liquid crystal structure is ~ 10%. We have published 18 journal papers, submitted one patent application, delivered 30 conference and meeting presentations with six invited presentations among them.
Single-trench-assisted profiles for multiple fiber applications (2010)

All-solid single-trench-assisted profiles allow to improve properties of standard single-mode and multi-mode fibers. Bending and/or nonlinear robustness can be significantly increased, leading to direct benefits for optical networks.
A Large-Scale Non-Human Primate Study Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Neural Stem Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (S7.001) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Determine the safety profile and efficacy of human parthenogenetic stem cell derived neural stem cells (hpNSCs) in a non-human primate model of Parkinson’s disease. BACKGROUND: We have previously reported results using animal models of Parkinson’s disease that the implantation of hpNSCs slows down the progression of the disease and significantly increases brain dopamine levels. hpNSCs provide therapeutic benefits by two mechanisms of action: 1) the differentiation into dopaminergic neurons and replacement of neurons lost in PD and 2) secretion of neurotrophic factors that promote host neural repair. Here we present the interim results of a comprehensive efficacy, pharmacology and toxicology study in MPTP-lesioned monkeys with moderate to severe PD symptoms implanted with hpNSCs. DESIGN/METHODS: hpNSCs were manufactured under cGMP standards and injected bilaterally into the striatum and substantia nigra of twelve immunosuppressed MPTP-lesioned African green monkeys with clinical Parkinsonian symptoms. Behavioral changes and motor movements were assessed based on a Parkinsonian summary score. A healthy behavior score, which is equivalent to the "activities of daily living score" of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale as well as abnormal behavior and dyskinesia using a modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale were recorded. Clinical pathology, necropsy, histopathological analysis of multiple organs and biodistribution of the cells were performed on all experimental animals to determine the safety profile of the implanted hpNSCs. RESULTS: Interim results demonstrate that implantation of hpNSCs is safe and well tolerated by the experimental animals with no abnormal behaviors such as dyskinesia or dystonia. Post-implantation behavioral improvement of the hpNSC-transplanted animals is evaluated against sham vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the safety and therapeutic benefits of human parthenogenetic stem cell derived neural stem cells and their potential clinical application in Parkinson’s disease. Study Supported by: International Stem Cell Corporation
Tungsten Cathode Catalyst for PEMFC (2006)

Final report for project to evaluate tungsten-based catalyst as a cathode catalyst for PEM cell applications.
Diamond films heteroepitaxially grown on platinum (111) (1997)

Diamond films were grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on as-received platinum (Pt) foils, specially processed Pt foils with (111) domains, bulk single-crystal Pt with a (111) surface, and single-crystal Pt(111) films deposited on strontium titanate (111). In all cases, the substrate surfaces had been significantly roughened by scratching to enhance diamond nucleation. Nevertheless, it was found by scanning electron microscopy that diamond films grown on the (111) areas of the above substrates had azimuthally aligned (111) faces, where a significant spontaneous coalescence developed between neighboring faces. An observation of the diamond-Pt interface region by transmission electron microscopy indicated that diamond crystals had an epitaxial relationship with Pt, and a (111) crystal at a diamond film surface contained an extremely low density of dislocations on the order of ${10}^{8}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$ Effects of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}{/\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ plasma on a Pt surface, as well as the nucleation and growth process, were investigated in detail.
Structure and distribution of a broadly expressed atypical sodium channel (1997)

A cDNA clone isolated from a rat dorsal root ganglion library encodes a 195 kDa voltage-gated sodium channel-like protein (SCL-11) with homology to the mouse (87%) and human (72%) atypical Na+ channels and rat partial clone NaG (98%). Two dominant mRNAs of 4.5 and 7 kb are expressed. The transcripts are present in lung, Schwann cells, pituitary and tissues containing smooth muscle cells. No functional channels could be detected on oocyte injection with cRNA, consistent with the absence of structural features necessary for voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
Design of an active one-degree-of-freedom lower-limb exoskeleton with inertia compensation (2010)

Limited research has been done on exoskeletons to enable faster movements of the lower extremities. An exoskeleton’s mechanism can actually hinder agility by adding weight, inertia and friction to the legs; compensating inertia through control is particularly difficult due to instability issues. The added inertia will reduce the natural frequency of the legs, probably leading to lower step frequency during walking. We present a control method that produces an approximate compensation of an exoskeleton’s inertia. The aim is making the natural frequency of the exoskeleton-assisted leg larger than that of the unaided leg. The method uses admittance control to compensate for the weight and friction of the exoskeleton. Inertia compensation is emulated by adding a feedback loop consisting of low-pass filtered acceleration multiplied by a negative gain. This gain simulates negative inertia in the low-frequency range. We tested the controller on a statically supported, single-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton that assists swing movements of the leg. Subjects performed movement sequences, first unassisted and then using the exoskeleton, in the context of a computer-based task resembling a race. With zero inertia compensation, the steady-state frequency of the leg swing was consistently reduced. Adding inertia compensation enabled subjects to recover their normal frequency of swing.
Bayesian localization and mapping using GNSS SNR measurements (2014)

In urban areas, GNSS localization quality is often degraded due to signal blockage and multi-path reflections. When several GNSS signals are blocked by buildings, the remaining unblocked GNSS satellites are typically in a poor geometry for localization (nearly collinear along the street direction). Multi-path reflections result in pseudo range measurements that can be significantly longer than the line of sight path (true range) resulting in biased geolocation estimates. If a 3D map of the environment is available, one can address these problems by evaluating the likelihood of GNSS signal strength and location measurements given the map. We present two approaches based on this observation. The first is appropriate for cases when network connectivity may be unavailable or undesired and uses a particle filter framework that simultaneously improve both localization and the 3D map. This approach is shown via experiments to improve the map of a section of a university campus while simultaneously improving receiver localization. The second approach which may be more suitable for smartphone applications assumes that network connectivity is available and thus a software service running in the cloud performs the mapping and localization calculations. Early experiments demonstrate the potential of this approach to significantly improve geo-localization accuracy in urban areas.
Fault detection and faulted line identification in active distribution networks using synchrophasors-based real-time state estimation (2017)

We intend to prove that phasor-measurement-unit (PMU)-based state estimation processes for active distribution networks exhibit unique time determinism and a refresh rate that makes them suitable to satisfy the time-critical requirements of protections as well as the accuracy requirements dictated by faulted line identification. In this respect, we propose a real-time fault detection and faulted line identification functionality obtained by computing parallel synchrophasor-based state estimators. Each state estimator is characterized by a different and augmented topology in order to include a floating fault bus. The selection of the state estimator providing the correct solution is performed by a metric that computes the sum of the weighted measurement residuals. The proposed process scheme is validated by means of a real-time simulation platform where an existing active distribution network is simulated together with a PMU-based monitoring system. The proposed process is shown to be suitable for active and passive networks, with solid-earthed and unearthed neutral, for low- and high-impedance faults of any kind (symmetric and asymmetric) occurring at different locations.
Radar monitoring of a wake vortex: Electromagnetic reflection of wake turbulence in clear air (2010)

This article deals with X-band radar trial campaigns in 2006 and 2007 at Orly Airport, and in June 2008 at Paris-CDG Airport. An X-band Doppler radar has been deployed to assess short range (inferior to 2000 m) wake vortex monitoring capabilities in all weather conditions (dry and wet conditions). Recorded data have been correlated with electromagnetic and fluid mechanical models of wake turbulences for better and more accurate understanding of roll-up radar cross section (RCS) and Doppler signature.
3451 A Method for Calculating Nominal Structural Stress of Spot Welding : Acquisition of displacement date for boundary condition (2006)

To improve the fatigue life prediction technology by CAE, authors proposed the new method to calculate an accurate nominal structural stress value of the spot welding. This method can calculate the nominal structural stress value by using the plate theory when displacements around the spot-welding are given as the boundary condition. However, about the structure spot-welded at corner of plate, the problem that some displacements around the spot-welding cannot be obtained is caused in this method. In this study, in order to solve this problem, the accuracy of the stress solution obtained by this method was studied using the structure to extend the plate.
Disambiguation of proper names in text (1997)

Identifying the occurrences of proper names in text and the entities they refer to can be a difficult task because of the many-to-many mapping between names and their referents. We analyze the types of ambiguity --- structural and semantic --- that make the discovery of proper names difficult in text, and describe the heuristics used to disambiguate names in Nominator, a fully-implemented module for proper name recognition developed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center.
Banner -- An Image Sensor Reconfiguration Framework for Seamless Resolution-based Tradeoffs (video) (2019)

Mobile vision systems would benefit from the ability to situationally sacrifice image resolution to save system energy when imaging detail is unnecessary. Unfortunately, any change in sensor resolution leads to a substantial pause in frame delivery -- as much as 280 ms. Frame delivery is bottlenecked by a sequence of reconfiguration procedures and memory management in current operating systems before it resumes at the new resolution. This latency from reconfiguration impedes the adoption of otherwise beneficial resolution-energy tradeoff mechanisms. We propose Banner as a media framework that provides a rapid sensor resolution reconfiguration service as a modification to common media frameworks, e.g., V4L2. Banner completely eliminates the frame-to-frame reconfiguration latency (226 ms to 33 ms), i.e., removing the frame drop during sensor resolution reconfiguration. Banner also halves the end-to-end resolution reconfiguration latency (226 ms to 105 ms). This enables a more than 49% reduction of system power consumption by allowing continuous vision applications to reconfigure the sensor resolution to 480p compared with downsampling from 1080p to 480p, as measured in a cloud-based offloading workload running on a Jetson TX2 board. As a result, Banner unlocks unprecedented capabilities for mobile vision applications to dynamically reconfigure sensor resolutions to balance the energy efficiency and task accuracy tradeoff.
“Tissue Papers” from Organ‐Specific Decellularized Extracellular Matrices (2017)

Using an innovative, tissue-independent approach to decellularized tissue processing and biomaterial fabrication, the development of a series of "tissue papers" derived from native porcine tissues/organs (heart, kidney, liver, muscle), native bovine tissue/organ (ovary and uterus), and purified bovine Achilles tendon collagen as a control from decellularized extracellular matrix particle ink suspensions cast into molds is described. Each tissue paper type has distinct microstructural characteristics as well as physical and mechanical properties, is capable of absorbing up to 300% of its own weight in liquid, and remains mechanically robust (<i>E</i> = 1-18 MPa) when hydrated; permitting it to be cut, rolled, folded, and sutured, as needed. In vitro characterization with human mesenchymal stem cells reveals that all tissue paper types support cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation over four weeks. Ovarian tissue papers support mouse ovarian follicle adhesion, viability, and health in vitro, as well as support, and maintain the viability and hormonal function of nonhuman primate and human follicle-containing, live ovarian cortical tissues ex vivo for eight weeks postmortem. "Tissue papers" can be further augmented with additional synthetic and natural biomaterials, as well as integrated with recently developed, advanced 3D-printable biomaterials, providing a versatile platform for future multi-biomaterial construct manufacturing.
PREPARATION OF OIL RICH HOP EXTRACTS AND THEIR ADDITION TO BEER ON THE PILOT-SCALE USING LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE* (1983)

The introduction of carbon dioxide hop extracts dissolved in liquid carbon dioxide to green beer during transfer from fermentation vessel to cold conditioning tank results in a sound dry hop flavour in the finished product. A system has been developed for injecting a solution of extract into a beer main. Extracts which are rich in hop oils are particularly suitable for imparting hop character to beer and a liquid-liquid countercurrent procedure is described for producing extract fractions containing enhanced levels of essential oil.
Fluorescence-Based Method and a Device for Rapid Detection of Microbial Contamination (2014)

Simple techniques to detect microbial contamination are needed. In particular, these need to be user-friendly and low-cost. In addition, field use capability is desirable. In this paper, we describe a device and method that has the above features.
Improving the accuracy of dynamic branch prediction using branch correlation (1992)

Long branch delay is a well-known problem in today's high performance superscalar and supetpipeline processor designs. A common technique used to alleviate this problem is to predict the direction of branches during the instruction fetch. Counter-based branch prediction, in particular, has been reported as an effective scheme for predicting the direction of branches. However, its accuracy is generally limited by branches whose future behavior is also dependent upon the history of other branches. To enhance branch prediction accuracy with a minimum increase in hardware COSLwe propose a correlation-based scheme and show how the prediction accuracy can be improved by incorporating information, not only from the history of a specific brsncb but also from the history of other branches. Specifically, we use the information provided by a proper subhistory of a branch to predict the outcome of that branch. The proper subhistory is selected based on the outcomes of the most recently executed M branches. The new scheme is evaluated using traces collected from running the SPEC benchmark suite on an IBM RISC System/6000 workstation. The results show that, as compared with the 2-bit counter-based prediction scheme, the correlation-based branch prediction achieves up to 11 ~0 additional accuracy at the extra hardware cost of one shift register. The results also show that the accuracy of the new scheme surpasses that of the counter-based branch predction at saturation.
Free-Space Optical Sliding Banyan Network (1995)

There is an ever increasing demand for high throughput, cost effective, broadband data switching networks, as demonstrated by the explosive growth in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) equipment industry. Future networks must handle thousands of high bandwidth channels, implying an aggregate capacity in the terabit/second regime [1]. These requirements will exceed the ability of VLSI based switching technology.