gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sr <sub>2</sub> Nb <sub>3</sub> O <sub>10</sub> nanosheets and their application for growth of thin film using an electrophoretic method (2016)

Abstract K(Sr 2 Nb 3 )O 10 ( KSN ) ceramic without the secondary phase was obtained from a KSN + 0.05K 2 O specimen sintered at 1350°C. This ceramic was used as the precursor to synthesize Sr 2 Nb 3 O 10 − ( SNO − ) nanosheets, because it has a pure KSN phase with a large (002) plane. The SNO − nanosheets were deposited on a Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate using the electrophoresis method at room temperature, and heated at various temperatures to get rid of the organic defects. The crystalline SNO phase without organic defects was formed in film annealed at 600°C. However, when the annealing temperature exceeded 600°C, the Pt electrode became unstable, resulting in degradation of the SNO film. Good electric properties were obtained from the SNO film annealed at 600°C: dielectric constant of 70, dielectric loss of 0.017 at 1.0 MH z, leakage current density of 3.5×10 −8 A/cm 2 at 0.2 MV /cm, and a breakdown electric field of 0.25 MV /cm.
Web-based virtual machining and measuring cell (2005)

Remote design and manufacturing is one of the enabling technologies for implementation of virtual enterprise. Remote collaborative design and verification of NC machining process plays an important role in remote design and manufacturing. In this paper the authors present a Web-based architecture for remote collaborative design of NC machining process and NC program, a virtual machining and measuring cell is introduced and developed. The key technology for the virtual machining and measuring cell development is discussed, including digital workpiece description, cutting force prediction, etc. The feasibility has been verified by case studies.
Silenced Tumor Suppressor Genes Reactivated by DNA Demethylation Do Not Return to a Fully Euchromatic Chromatin State (2006)

Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation are properties of stably silenced heterochromatin whereas H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is important for euchromatic gene repression. In colorectal cancer cells, all of these marks, as well as the key enzymes which establish them, surround the hMLH1 promoter when it is DNA hypermethylated and aberrantly silenced, but are absent when the gene is unmethylated and fully expressed in a euchromatic state. When the aberrantly silenced gene is DNA demethylated and reexpressed following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 are the only silencing marks that are lost. A series of other silenced and DNA hypermethylated gene promoters behave identically even when the genes are chronically DNA demethylated and reexpressed after genetic knockout of DNA methyltransferases. Our data indicate that when transcription of DNA hypermethylated genes is activated in cancer cells, their promoters remain in an environment with certain heterochromatic characteristics. This finding has important implications for the translational goal of reactivating aberrantly silenced cancer genes as a therapeutic maneuver.
Passive EMI Filter Performance Improvements with Common Mode Voltage Cancellation Technique for PWM Inverter (2007)

The common modulation strategy adopted for motor control in adjustable speed drives (ASDs) is pulse width modulation (PWM). The carrier frequency along with fast rise and fall time of the IGBTs employed results in non trivial common-mode (CM). The high dv/dt and di/dt causes shaft-voltage, which leads to bearing currents. This phenomenon has been well-known as one of the reason for premature bearing failure in PWM drive motors. To reduced EMI emission, this paper presents the experimental works that investigate the conducted emission from pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter feeding an induction motor using CM voltage cancellation technique to develop the ability of conventional passive EMI filter. The typical passive EMI filter also use in this work to compare and prove the effectiveness proposed method. The experimental results of two operation conditions: with load and without load are verified the effectiveness of proposed filters, respectively.
HF gate drive circuit for a normally-on SiC JFET with inherent safety (2009)

A gate drive circuit for a silicon carbide (SiC) JFET is introduced from the standpoint of application to power conversion circuit. This gate drive circuit enables normally-on JFETs as close as normally-off devices at high switching frequency. The voltage and current responses of the implemented circuit are discussed under loads at the switching frequencies over 1MHz.
Quality measures for SAR images (2003)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) contains information features different from those of infrared images and conventional photography. Image quality measures specifically created for SAR are necessary to measure SAR processor performance especially in the context of lossy image data compression. The quality measures discussed include several existing measures and newly developed measures created to better gauge specific features of SAR imagery. Each quality performance measure is evaluated subjectively to determine the applicability to SAR image fidelity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat (2020)

It is necessary to understand the morphology of the vagus nerve (VN) to design and deliver effective and selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) because nerve morphology influences fiber responses to electrical stimulation. Specifically, nerve diameter (and thus, electrode-fiber distance), fascicle diameter, fascicular organization, and perineurium thickness all significantly affect the responses of nerve fibers to electrical signals delivered through a cuff electrode. We quantified the morphology of cervical and subdiaphragmatic VNs in humans, pigs, and rats: effective nerve diameter, number of fascicles, effective fascicle diameters, proportions of endoneurial, perineurial, and epineurial tissues, and perineurium thickness. The human and pig VNs were comparable sizes (∼2 mm cervically; ∼1.6 mm subdiaphragmatically), while the rat nerves were ten times smaller. The pig nerves had ten times more fascicles-and the fascicles were smaller-than in human nerves (47 vs. 7 fascicles cervically; 38 vs. 5 fascicles subdiaphragmatically). Comparing the cervical to the subdiaphragmatic VNs, the nerves and fascicles were larger at the cervical level for all species and there were more fascicles for pigs. Human morphology generally exhibited greater variability across samples than pigs and rats. A prior study of human somatic nerves indicated that the ratio of perineurium thickness to fascicle diameter was approximately constant across fascicle diameters. However, our data found thicker human and pig VN perineurium than those prior data: the VNs had thicker perineurium for larger fascicles and thicker perineurium normalized by fascicle diameter for smaller fascicles. Understanding these differences in VN morphology between preclinical models and the clinical target, as well as the variability across individuals of a species, is essential for designing suitable cuff electrodes and stimulation parameters and for informing translation of preclinical results to clinical application to advance the therapeutic efficacy of VNS.
힘의 중심과 3F의 적용 (2019)

본 연구는 첫째, 기질적인 특성을 건강하고 균형 있게 성장할 수 있도록 돕기 위해 연계된 이론적 접근을 찾고 적용시켜서 실제적으로 변화하도록 도울 수 있는 방법을 제안하기 위한 것을 목표로 한다. 사고의 유연성을 위하여 몰입이론을, 평온한 감정, 자존감을 회복하기 위하여 강점 찾기를 통해 자신을 이해하고 만족감을 갖도록 돕는 한편, 몸을 이완하기등의 사례를 통해 건강한 몸, 마음을 돌보는 작업의 필요성을 알게 되었다. 이러한 개념을 3F로 명명하고, Flow, Flower, Flap을 기본 작업으로 재 정의하는 작업을 하게 되었다. 향후 힘의 중심개념을 중점으로 한 심리에너지, 생각, 감정, 행동의 변화를 위한 Body work 작업으로써 3F을 활용하는 프로그램 개발과 각 중심별로 자기치유와 성장을 주요한 키워드로 재명명하는 작업이 필요할 수 있다고 본다.
Formation of chalcogenide glass <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junctions (1986)

Rectifying p-n junctions have been formed between n-type Ge20Bi11Se69 bulk glass and p-type chalcogenide films such as Ge20Se80 and As2Se3. The forward current in the power law increased with increasing bias voltage, suggesting that it was space charge limited. The spectral response of the short circuit currents showed a maximum and a shoulder at photon energies which corresponded to the optical band gaps of the p-type films and the n-type glass, respectively. This finding is indicative of the bending of the energy bands in both the p-type films and the n-type glass in the vicinity of the p-type film/n-type glass interface.
131I-labeled Anti-HER2 Camelid sdAb as a Theranostic Tool in Cancer Treatment (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (sdAb) have beneficial pharmacokinetic properties, and those targeted to HER2 can be used for imaging of HER2-overexpressing cancer. Labeled with a therapeutic radionuclide, they may be used for HER2-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the generation of a <sup>131</sup>I-labeled sdAb as a theranostic drug to treat HER2-overexpressing cancer.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Anti-HER2 sdAb 2Rs15d was labeled with <sup>131</sup>I using [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB and evaluated <i>in vitro</i> Biodistribution was evaluated in two HER2<sup>+</sup> murine xenograft models by micro-SPECT/CT imaging and at necropsy, and under challenge with trastuzumab and pertuzumab. The therapeutic potential of [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d was investigated in two HER2<sup>+</sup> tumor mouse models. A single-dose toxicity study was performed in mice using unlabeled [<sup>127</sup>I]SGMIB-sdAb at 1.4 mg/kg. The structure of the 2Rs15d-HER2 complex was determined by X-ray crystallography.<b>Results:</b> [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d bound specifically to HER2<sup>+</sup> cells (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 4.74 ± 0.39 nmol/L). High and specific tumor uptake was observed in both BT474/M1 and SKOV-3 tumor xenografted mice and surpassed kidney levels by 3 hours. Extremely low uptake values were observed in other normal tissues at all time points. The crystal structure revealed that 2Rs15d recognizes HER2 Domain 1, consistent with the lack of competition with trastuzumab and pertuzumab observed <i>in vivo</i> [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d alone, or in combination with trastuzumab, extended median survival significantly. No toxicity was observed after injecting [<sup>127</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d.<b>Conclusions:</b> These findings demonstrate the theranostic potential of [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. An initial scan using low radioactive [*I]SGMIB-2Rs15d allows patient selection and dosimetry calculations for subsequent therapeutic [<sup>131</sup>I]SGMIB-2Rs15d and could thereby impact therapy outcome on HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6616-28. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Multi‐Level Logic Synthesis Based on KroneckerDecision Diagrams and Boolean Ternary DecisionDiagrams for Incompletely Specified Functions (1995)

This paper introduces several new families of decision diagrams for multi‐output Boolean functions. The introduced families include several diagrams known from literature (BDDs, FDDs) as subsets. Due to this property, these diagrams can provide a more compact representation of functions than either of the two decision diagrams. Kronecker Decision Diagrams (KDDs) with negated edges are based on three orthogonal expansions (Shannon, Positive Davio, Negative Davio) and are created here for incompletely specified Boolean functions as well. An improved efficient algorithm for the construction of KDD is presented and applied in a mapping program to ATMEL 6000 fine‐grain FPGAs. Four other new families of functional decision diagrams are also presented: Pseudo KDDs, Free KDDs, Boolean Ternary DDs, and Boolean Kronecker Ternary DDs. The last two families introduce nodes with three edges and require AND, OR and EXOR gates for circuit realization. There are two variants of each of the last two families: canonical and non‐canonical. While the canonical diagrams can be used as efficient general‐purpose Boolean function representations, the non‐canonical variants are also applicable to incompletely specified functions and create don′t cares in the process of the creation of the diagram.. They lead to even more compact circuits in logic synthesis and technology mapping.
Stress enhancement concept on replacement gate technology with top-cut stress liner for nFETs (2008)

Electron mobility enhancement using a top-cut stress liner and the replacement gate process is demonstrated and the concept of stress localization is proposed, for the first time. Eliminating a dummy gate after tensile stress liner formation enhances lateral stress at the channel region and achieves good mobility improvement. A detailed analysis using stress and mobility calculation based on a band model is performed. It is found that this new mobility enhancement technology has potential advantages in the shorter gate length region in comparison with the conventional gate-first process.
Soil Polarization and Dacthal: Influence on Weeds, Growth, and Root Microflora of Collards (1990)

Soil polarization for 98 days in 1985 resulted in a 91% reduction of weeds present in collard greens (Brassica oleracea acephafa L.) plots during 1986. Soil solarization was more effective in controlling weeds in collard green plots when compared to an application of Dacthal-75W herbicide in nonsolarized plots. Collard green plants grown in solarized soil showed an increase in yield and other growth responses. Soil samples from the rhizosphere of plants grown in solarized soil showed higher population levels of bacteria and thermotolerant fungi than from nonsolarized soil. There were significant negative responses in marketable yield and root growth of collard greens and in soil microflora in solarized soil in response to Dacthal-75W herbicide application. Chemical name used: dimethyltetrachloroterephthalate (Dacthal-75W).
Acid-catalysed addition of N-aryl imines to dihydrofuran. Postulated dependence of the reaction mechanism on the relative face of approach of reactants (1992)

Imines 1a and 1b react with dihydrofuran (DHF) under Lewis acid catalysis via Diels–Alder-type addition to form the tetrahydroquinoline derivatives 3a, b and 4a, b. Besides these compounds, the methanol adduct 2 of 1a, or 1a in the presence of methanol, gives the methanol-containing tetrahydrofuran derivative 7a and the hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan derivatives 5 and 6. In the presence of methanol, 1b gives 3b and 4b, and also 7b and 8. The products 3a, b, 5, 6 and 7a, b originate from approach of the Si(or Re) face of 1a, b onto the Si(or Re) face of DHF; 4a, b and 8 derive from interaction of the Si(or Re) face of 1a, b with the Re(or Si) face of DHF. The dependence of the product distribution on the polarity of the solvent suggests that a concerted mechanism predominates in the former mode and a zwitterionic one in the latter. In the addition of 1a or 2 the mechanistic preference may be exclusive.
Development of a Gd(III)-Based Receptor-Induced Magnetization Enhancement (RIME) Contrast Agent for β-Glucuronidase Activity Profiling (2012)

β-Glucuronidase is a key lysosomal enzyme and is often overexpressed in necrotic tumor masses. We report here the synthesis of a pro receptor-induced magnetization enhancement (pro-RIME) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent ([Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)]) for molecular imaging of β-glucuronidase activity in tumor tissues. The contrast agent consists of two parts, a gadolinium complex and a β-glucuronidase substrate (β-d-glucopyranuronic acid). The binding association constant (KA) of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is 7.42 × 10(2), which is significantly lower than that of a commercially available MS-325 (KA = 3.0 × 10(4)) RIME contrast agent. The low KA value of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is due to the pendant β-d-glucopyranuronic acid moiety. Therefore, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] can be used for detection of β-glucuronidase through RIME modulation. The detail mechanism of enzymatic activation of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] was elucidated by LC-MS. The kinetics of β-glucuronidase catalyzed hydrolysis of [Eu(DOTA-FPβGu)] at pH 7.4 best fit the Miechalis-Menten kinetic mode with Km = 1.38 mM, kcat = 3.76 × 10(3), and kcat/Km = 2.72 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). The low Km value indicates high affinity of β-glucuronidase for [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] at physiological pH. Relaxometric studies revealed that T1 relaxivity of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] changes in response to the concentration of β-glucuronidase. Consistent with the relaxometric studies, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] showed significant change in MR image signal in the presence of β-glucuronidase and HSA. In vitro and in vivo MR images demonstrated appreciable differences in signal enhancement in the cell lines and tumor xenografts in accordance to their expression levels of β-glucuronidase.
Enhanced magnetoelectricity in bismuth substituted SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> hexaferrite (2019)

M-type bismuth doped strontium hexaferrite Sr1 − xBixFe12O19 (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.02) is prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method and studied for magnetoelectricity. The lattice of the x = 0.01 sample is found to be highly strained compared to the other two compositions. The enhancement of strain is also accompanied by an increase in magnetization by 6%. Impedance and modulus spectroscopy studies suggest a transition in relaxation mechanism from grain dominated (below 150 K) to grain boundary dominated (above 150 K). The grain related capacitance for x = 0.01 is found to be ∼50 nF, and this value is ∼10 times higher than the other two samples. The linear magnetoelectric coefficient α d (in mV c m − 1 O e − 1) for the parent x = 0 sample is found to be 0.33 at 125 K, and this value decreases gradually to 0.27 at 300 K. The x = 0.01 sample displayed the highest (even 10% higher than the x = 0 sample) value of α d at low temperature. Unfortunately, the increased value of α d is also accompanied by a drastic reduction in its magnitude for temperatures higher than 200 K, due to the increased electrical conduction which in x = 0.01 is ∼94% higher than the parent.
Synergistic protection against acute flurothyl‐induced seizures by adjuvant treatment of the ketogenic diet with the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone (2017)

These results suggest coadministration may enable reduction of the KD ratio without loss of seizure protection. Such adjuvant treatment could improve quality of life and limit adverse effects of a classic KD or high-dose pioglitazone.
Sox2, a key factor in the regulation of pluripotency and neural differentiation (2014)

Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), a member of the SoxB1 transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Together with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog, they co-operatively control gene expression in PSCs and maintain their pluripotency. Furthermore, Sox2 plays an essential role in somatic cell reprogramming, reversing the epigenetic configuration of differentiated cells back to a pluripotent embryonic state. In addition to its role in regulation of pluripotency, Sox2 is also a critical factor for directing the differentiation of PSCs to neural progenitors and for maintaining the properties of neural progenitor stem cells. Here, we review recent findings concerning the involvement of Sox2 in pluripotency, somatic cell reprogramming and neural differentiation as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these roles.
Electric Contact Characteristic under Low Load of Silver–Carbon Nanotube Composite Plating Film Corroded Using H<sub>2</sub>S Gas (2010)

We fabricated silver–carbon nanotube (Ag–CNT) composite plating films and prepared samples after a H2S gas corrosion test. After corrosion, although the elastic modulus of Ag film increased 1.9 times, there was no marked difference in the mechanical characteristic of Ag–CNT film. At a low load, for the Ag–CNT film after corrosion, there was no polarity and the contact resistance was low and ohmic, although the contact resistance of Ag film after corrosion was high and polar. Therefore, Ag–CNT film can be considered as a promising material for next-generation electrical contact applications.
Magnetic resonance imaging for adaptive cobalt tomotherapy: A proposal (2006)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft tissue contrast for oncology applications. We propose to combine a MRI scanner with a helical tomotherapy (HT) system to enable daily target imaging for improved conformal radiation dose delivery to a patient. HT uses an intensity-modulated fan-beam that revolves around a patient, while the patient slowly advances through the plane of rotation, yielding a helical beam trajectory. Since the use of a linear accelerator to produce radiation may be incompatible with the pulsed radiofrequency and the high and pulsed magnetic fields required for MRI, it is proposed that a radioactive Cobalt-60 ((60)Co) source be used instead to provide the radiation. An open low field (0.25 T) MRI system is proposed where the tomotherapy ring gantry is located between two sets of Helmholtz coils that can generate a sufficiently homogenous main magnetic field.It is shown that the two major challenges with the design, namely acceptable radiation dose rate (and therefore treatment duration) and moving parts in strong magnetic field, can be addressed. The high dose rate desired for helical tomotherapy delivery can be achieved using two radiation sources of 220TBq (6000Ci) each on a ring gantry with a source to axis-of-rotation distance of 75 cm. In addition to this, a dual row multi-leaf collimator (MLC) system with 15 mm leaf width at isocentre and relatively large fan beam widths between 15 and 30 mm per row shall be employed. In this configuration, the unit would be well-suited for most pelvic radiotherapy applications where the soft tissue contrast of MRI will be particularly beneficial. Non-magnetic MRI compatible materials must be used for the rotating gantry. Tungsten, which is non-magnetic, can be used for primary collimation of the fan-beam as well as for the MLC, which allows intensity modulated radiation delivery. We propose to employ a low magnetic Cobalt compound, sycoporite (CoS) for the Cobalt source material itself.Rotational delivery is less susceptible to problems related to the use of a low energy megavoltage photon source while the helical delivery reduces the negative impact of the relatively large penumbra inherent in the use of Cobalt sources for radiotherapy. On the other hand, the use of a (60)Co source ensures constant dose rate with gantry rotation and makes dose calculation in a magnetic field as easy as the range of secondary electrons is limited.The MR-integrated Cobalt tomotherapy unit, dubbed 'MiCoTo,' uses two independent physical principles for image acquisition and treatment delivery. It would offer excellent target definition and will allow following target motion during treatment using fast imaging techniques thus providing the best possible input for adaptive radiotherapy. As an additional bonus, quality assurance of the radiation delivery can be performed in situ using radiation sensitive gels imaged by MRI.
Computing occlusion-free viewpoints (1996)

This paper presents methods to compute the locus of all viewpoints from which features on known polyhedral objects can be viewed in their entirety without being occluded by anything in the environment. Convex and concave polyhedra with or without holes and the viewing model of perspective projection are employed in this work. Initially, properties of the occlusion-free and occluded loci of viewpoints are determined. Based on these properties, two methods to construct these loci together with their complexity analysis are presented. In the first method, a boundary representation of the occlusion-free locus is obtained. In the second method, the locus of occluded viewpoints is expressed in terms of a constructive solid geometry representation that consists of a union of component solids. Implementation results and comparison of the two methods are given.