gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved detection of hepatitis c virus antibodies in high-risk populations (1992)

Sera from 483 patients at high (group 1, n = 313) and lower (group 2, n = 170) risk for exposure to hepatitis C were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C using first-generation (c100-3) and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay. The second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitrocellulose-based immunoblot assay differ from c100-3-based systems in the addition of expression products from the NS3/NS4 (c33c, c200) and putative nucleocapsid (c22-3) region of the hepatitis C genome. In group 1, the sensitivity of detection of hepatitis C antibodies was 45%, 55% and 46% by the first- and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and recombinant immunoblot assay, respectively. In group 2, antibodies were detected by each test system in 26%, 32% and 7% of patients, respectively. Most sera (99%) reactive with the first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were reactive with the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in group 1, 89% of these specimens demonstrated reactivity to at least one antigen with the immunoblot assay, compared with only 31% in group 2). An additional 12% (group 1) and 6% (group 2) of specimens demonstrated reactivity with the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay only (of these, 75% [group 1] and 9% [group 2] demonstrated reactivity to at least one antigen with the immunoblot assay). Ninety-eight percent of specimens not reactive with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test systems were also nonreactive by recombinant immunoblot assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MR imaging of brain surface using steady‐state free precession (1992)

We present an imaging technique that affords direct and noninvasive visualization of brain surface structure. This technique utilizes the signal before the rf pulse in steady-state free precession. This signal highly reflects the spin-spin relaxation time T2 as was studied in our laboratory (Matsui et al. J. Magn. Reson. 62, 12, 1985). Therefore the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), having a long T2, is depicted as high intensity. The CSF permeates cerebral sulci and fissures. The imaging time with this technique is less than 1 min.
Novel Tryptophan Catabolic Enzyme IDO2 Is the Preferred Biochemical Target of the Antitumor Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitory Compound <scp>d</scp> -1-Methyl-Tryptophan (2007)

Small-molecule inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) are currently being translated to clinic for evaluation as cancer therapeutics. One issue related to trials of the clinical lead inhibitor, D-1-methyl-tryptophan (D-1MT), concerns the extent of its biochemical specificity for IDO. Here, we report the discovery of a novel IDO-related tryptophan catabolic enzyme termed IDO2 that is preferentially inhibited by D-1MT. IDO2 is not as widely expressed as IDO but like its relative is also expressed in antigen-presenting dendritic cells where tryptophan catabolism drives immune tolerance. We identified two common genetic polymorphisms in the human gene encoding IDO2 that ablate its enzymatic activity. Like IDO, IDO2 catabolizes tryptophan, triggers phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, and (reported here for the first time) mobilizes translation of LIP, an inhibitory isoform of the immune regulatory transcription factor NF-IL6. Tryptophan restoration switches off this signaling pathway when activated by IDO, but not IDO2, arguing that IDO2 has a distinct signaling role. Our findings have implications for understanding the evolution of tumoral immune tolerance and for interpreting preclinical and clinical responses to D-1MT or other IDO inhibitors being developed to treat cancer, chronic infection, and other diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion Behavior of Mesoporous Transition Metal Nitrides. (2013)

Abstract The chemical stability of mesoporous transition metal nitrides MN (M: Nb, V, Cr, Ti) in water at 80 °C under neutral, acidic, and alkaline conditions is investigated by powder XRD and SEM.
Polarization-selective waveguide holography in the visible spectrum (2019)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a polarization-selective waveguide hologram at optical wavelengths, based on an all-dielectric metamaterial multilayer system. We show that two spatially separated or overlapped holographic images can be produced with two orthogonally polarized beams, incorporated into a binary computer generated hologram (CGH). These two images can be combined into a single 3D stereoscopic image observable using linearly or circularly polarized glasses. The two polarized beams can also be utilized to construct radially and azimuthally polarized "vortex" beams. The fundamental and first higher-order TM and TE modes of an optical waveguide are used to guide the two polarization states with distinct propagation constants. The two guided waves act as spatially distinct reference waves such that the integrated, on-chip hologram can distinguish the two and provide two independent images corresponding to the two polarizations. Polarization selective waveguide holograms can be used in a diverse set of applications, from chip-scale displays and augmented reality (AR) to optical trapping.
Incorporating string transformations in record matching (2008)

Today's record matching infrastructure does not allow a flexible way to account for synonyms such as "Robert" and "Bob" which refer to the same name, and more general forms of string transformations such as abbreviations. We expand the problem of record matching to take such user-defined string transformations as input. These transformations coupled with an underlying similarity function are used to define the similarity between two strings. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach via a fuzzy match operation that is used to lookup an input record against a table of records, where we have an additional table of transformations as input. We demonstrate an improvement in record matching quality and efficient retrieval based on our index structure that is cognizant of transformations.
Stator-Interturn-Fault Detection of Doubly Fed Induction Generators Using Rotor-Current and Search-Coil-Voltage Signature Analysis (2009)

A novel technique for detecting stator interturn faults in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed by analyzing its rotor current and search-coil voltage. So far, fault-diagnostic techniques proposed for stator-interturn-fault detection in DFIGs are based on analysis of stator current or vibration of generator. Results from these methods are ambiguous because they either fail to account for condition when the DFIG is operating under imbalanced load or these methods are based on experimental results alone without any theoretical basis. Our recent observations suggested that harmonics induced in the rotor circuit are very promising in detecting stator interturn faults in DFIGs. Hence, in this paper, an in-depth investigation is conducted to determine the origin of various harmonic components in rotor currents and their feasibility to detect stator interturn faults unambiguously. Detailed analysis is presented, which explains the mechanism by which the stator-interturn-fault-related harmonics are induced in the rotor circuit. The theory is verified with simulation and extensive experimental results. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed technique for detecting stator interturn faults and obtain results on speed sensitivity of fault detection, a prototype of digital-signal-processor-based fault-diagnostic system has been developed, which is capable of producing very fast trip signal in about 2 s.
A new class of optical communication systems. 1: Experiment (1979)

Abstract : A new class of optical communication schemes is described in which a message is coded spatially in a random phase process and detected at many points at the receiver. This process may be termed a spatial-multiplex, spatial-diversity optical communication scheme. The technique shows relative immunity to the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Also, relative security of the method is assured since detection can take place only when radiation is detected and processed at many points within the beam itself. (Author)
Chemical vapor deposition of diamond films from water vapor rf-plasma discharges (1992)

Polycrystalline diamond films have been deposited from water vapor rf-plasma discharges at 1.0 Torr containing various alcohol vapors. No other gases such as H2, F2, or Cl2 were admitted to the growth chamber. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the diamond films. In addition, a water-ethanol mixture has been used for homoepitaxial deposition with a full-width-half-maximum narrower than the bulk substrate (2.60 and 2.75 cm−1, respectively). This technique represents a remarkable new approach to the growth of diamond which does not depend on delivery of hydrogen, fluorine, hydrocarbon, or halocarbon gases that have been typically used by other workers. The nucleation density and topography of the polycrystalline diamond films deposited from the water alcohol mixtures are quite sensitive to the choice of alcohol. Water vapor discharges, by producing H atoms and OH radicals, become the functional equivalent to molecular H2 discharges producing H atoms characteristic of many other diamond chemical vapor deposition techniques.
Fundamentals of IP and SoC Security: Design, Verification, and Debug (2017)

This book is about security in embedded systems and it provides an authoritative reference to all aspects of security in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The authors discuss issues ranging from security requirements in SoC designs, definition of architectures and design choices to enforce and validate security policies, and trade-offs and conflicts involving security, functionality, and debug requirements. Coverage also includes case studies from the trenches of current industrial practice in design, implementation, and validation of security-critical embedded systems. Provides an authoritative reference and summary of the current state-of-the-art in security for embedded systems, hardware IPs and SoC designs; Takes a cross-cutting view of security that interacts with different design and validation components such as architecture, implementation, verification, and debug, each enforcing unique trade-offs; Includes high-level overview, detailed analysis on implementation, and relevant case studies on design/verification/debug issues related to IP/SoC security.
Ultrasonic Device Monitors Fullness Of The Bladder (1991)

Ultrasonic device monitors fullness of bladder is self-contained, lightweight, portable, powered by battery, and tailored for specific patient through software modified as patient's behavior changes. Essentially quantifies amount of urine in bladder by measuring relative distension of bladder and gives suitable alarm telling patient to eliminate. Intended for use in training people who are incontinent and cannot identify when elimination necessary.
Synthesis of Nicotine Derivatives via Reductive Disilylation of (<i>S</i>)-Nicotine (2005)

[reaction: see text] A variety of novel nicotine derivatives were prepared via reductive disilylation of (S)-nicotine. Treatment of nicotine with lithium powder and chlorotrimethylsilane afforded 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydronicotine in high yield. Addition of various carbonyl electrophiles and a catalytic amount of TBAF provided either C-5 substituted nicotines or 1,4-dihydronicotine derivatives.
Surface drawing (2001)

Surface Drawing is a system for creating organic 3D shapes in a manner which supports the needs and interests of artists. This medium facilitates the early stages of creative design which many 3D modeling programs neglect. Much like traditional media such as line drawing and painting, Surface Drawing lets users construct shapes through repeated marking. In our case, the hand is used to mark 3D space in a semi-immersive virtual environment. The interface is completed with tangible tools to edit and manipulate models. We introduce the use of tongs to move and scale 3D shapes and demonstrate a magnet tool which is comfortably held without restricting hand motion. We evaluated our system through collaboration with artists and designers, exhibition before hundreds of users, our own extensive exploration of the medium, and an informal user study. Response was especially positive from users with an artistic background.
Microbubble-enhanced cavitation for noninvasive ultrasound surgery (2003)

Experiments were conducted to explore the potential of stabilized microbubbles for aiding tissue ablation during ultrasound therapy. Surgically exteriorized canine kidneys were irradiated in situ using single exposures of focused ultrasound. In each experiment, up to eight separate exposures were placed in the left kidney. The right kidney was then similarly exposed, but while an ultrasound contrast agent was continually infused. Kidneys were sectioned and examined for gross observable tissue damage. Tissue damage was produced more frequently, by lower intensity and shorter duration exposures, in kidneys irradiated with the contrast agent present. Using 250-ms exposures, the minimum intensity that produced damage was lower in kidneys with microbubbles than those without (controls) in 10 of 11 (91%) animals. In a separate study using approximately 3200 W/cm2 exposures, the minimum duration that produced damage was shorter after microbubbles were introduced in 11 of 12 (92%) animals. With microbubbles, gross observable tissue damage was produced with exposure intensity > or = approximately 800 W/cm2 and exposure duration > or = 10 micros. The overall intensity and duration tissue damage thresholds were reduced by approximately 2x and approximately 100x, respectively. Results indicate that acoustic cavitation is a primary damage mechanism. Lowering in vivo tissue damage thresholds with stabilized microbubbles acting as cavitation nuclei may make acoustic cavitation a more predictable, and thus practical, mechanism for noninvasive ultrasound surgery.
ALTERNATIVE GENERATION OF H<sub>2</sub>, CO AND H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> MIXTURES FROM STEAM-CARBON DIOXIDE REFORMING OF METHANE AND THE WATER GAS SHIFT WITH PERMEABLE (MEMBRANE) REACTORS (1999)

Abstract A new process is proposed which converts CO2 and CH4 containing gas streams to synthesis gas, a mixture of CO and H2 via the catalytic reaction scheme of steam-carbon dioxide reforming of methane or the respective one of only carbon dioxide reforming of methane, in permeable (membrane) reactors. The membrane reformer (permreactor) can be made by reactive or inert materials such as metal alloys, microporous ceramics, glasses and composites which all are hydrogen permselective. The rejected CO reacts with steam and converted catalytically to CO2 and H2 via the water gas shift in a consecutive permreactor made by similar to the reformer materials and alternatively by high glass transition temperature polymers. Both permreactors can recover H2 in permeate by using metal membranes, and H2 rich mixtures by using ceramic, glass and composite type permselective membranes. H2 and CO2 can be recovered simultaneously in water gas shift step after steam condensation by using organic polymer membranes. Product yields are increased through permreactor equilibrium shift and reaction separation process integration. CO and H2 can be combined in first step to be used for chemical synthesis or as fuel in power generation cycles. Mixtures of CO2 and H2 in second step can be used for synthesis as well (e.g., alternative methanol synthesis) and as direct feed in molten carbonate fuel cells. Pure H2 from the above processes can be used also for synthesis or as fuel in power systems and fuel cells. The overall process can be considered environmentally benign because it offers an in-situ abatement of the greenhouse CO2 and CH4 gases and related hydrocarbon-CO2 feedstocks (e.g., coal, landfill, natural, flue gases), through chemical reactions, to the upgraded calorific value synthesis gas and H2, H2 mixture products.
Dichotomic current-mode serial sensing methodology for multistorage non-volatile memories (2002)

A serial sensing method for multistorage non-volatile memories, based on a dichotomic algorithm, is presented. While incorporating the main advantage of the serial approach (the use of a single sense amplifier), this method reduces sensing time to a minimum and ensures its independence from memory cell contents. Moreover, high throughput is ensured in serial-output memories.
Development and Evaluation of an All Weather-Type Solar Drying House to Make for Wood Pellet Material (2012)

To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.
Dynamic Traffic Scene Classification with Space-Time Coherence (2019)

This paper examines the problem of dynamic traffic scene classification under space-time variations in viewpoint that arise from video captured on-board a moving vehicle. Solutions to this problem are important for realization of effective driving assistance technologies required to interpret or predict road user behavior. Currently, dynamic traffic scene classification has not been adequately addressed due to a lack of benchmark datasets that consider spatiotemporal evolution of traffic scenes resulting from a vehicle's ego-motion. This paper has three main contributions. First, an annotated dataset is released to enable dynamic scene classification that includes 80 hours of diverse high quality driving video data clips collected in the San Francisco Bay area. The dataset includes temporal annotations for road places, road types, weather, and road surface conditions. Second, we introduce novel and baseline algorithms that utilize semantic context and temporal nature of the dataset for dynamic classification of road scenes. Finally, we showcase algorithms and experimental results that highlight how extracted features from scene classification serve as strong priors and help with tactical driver behavior understanding. The results show significant improvement from previously reported driving behavior detection baselines in the literature.
Propagation of human hepatitis A virus in African green monkey kidney cell culture: primary isolation and serial passage (1981)

Human hepatitis A virus (HAV) was propagated in primary African Green Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney (AGMK) cell cultures. Three strains of HAV were used: MS-1, SD-11, and HM-175. Cells were inoculated with marmoset-passaged material or human clinical specimens and were stained by direct immunofluorescence to establish the identity of the virus. Both clinical samples and marmoset-passaged material produced immunofluorescence. HAV antigen was found scattered throughout the cytoplasm of inoculated cultures. The HM-175 strain produced the most intense immunofluorescence. This strain of HAV had been serially passaged in cell culture seven times. Blocking experiments with paired human sera from naturally acquired HAV infections and hyperimmune chimpanzee serum from an experimentally infected animal established that the immunofluorescence was specific. The viral antigen was found to be exclusively intracellular. The interval to maximum HAV antigen expression was decreased by serial passage. The HAV strain described herein, which was recovered directly from the stool specimen of a patient with HAV in primary AGMK cell culture, may prove useful as a source of antigen for serological tests and as a candidate vaccine strain.
Generation of a Lattice of Spin-Orbit Beams via Coherent Averaging (2018)

We describe a highly robust method, applicable to both electromagnetic and matter-wave beams, that can produce a beam consisting of a lattice of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states coupled to a two-level system. We also define efficient protocols for controlling and manipulating the lattice characteristics. These protocols are applied in an experimental realization of a lattice of optical spin-orbit beams. The novel passive devices we demonstrate here are also a natural alternative to existing methods for producing single-axis OAM and spin-orbit beams. Our techniques provide new tools for investigations of chiral and topological materials with light and particle beams.
Bioresorbable and Mechanically Optimized Nerve Guidance Conduit Based on a Naturally Derived Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Blend (2021)

Severe peripheral nerve injuries represent a large clinical problem with relevant challenges such as the development of successful synthetic scaffolds as substitutes to autologous nerve grafting. Numerous studies have reported the use of polyesters and type I collagen-based nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to promote nerve regeneration through critical nerve defects while providing protection from external factors. However, none of the commercially available hollow bioresorbable NGCs have demonstrated superior clinical outcomes to an autologous nerve graft. Hence, new materials and NGC geometries have been explored in the literature to mimic the native nerve properties and architecture. Here, we report a novel blend of a natural medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (MCL-PHA) with a synthetic aliphatic polyester, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), suitable for extrusion-based high-throughput manufacturing. The blend was designed to combine the excellent ability of PHAs to support the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells with the good processability of PCL. The material exhibited excellent neuroregenerative properties and a good bioresorption rate, while the extruded porous tubes exhibited similar mechanical properties to the rat sciatic nerve. The NGCs were implanted to treat a 10 mm long sciatic nerve defect in rats, where significant differences were found between thin and thick wall thickness implants, and both electrophysiological and histological data, as well as the number of recovered animals, provided superior outcomes than the well-referenced synthetic Neurolac NGC.