gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Disease: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor. (2001)

In the last few years, there have been rapid advances in the application of angiogenic growth factor therapy to clinical settings. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were evaluated in a number of different trials that explored various forms of delivery (systemic vs local, gene vs protein) in various patient populations. Although all Phase I trials reported unqualified successes, the results of Phase II blinded trials were decidedly mixed, calling into question the entire concept of therapeutic angiogenesis. However, with continuing advances in the basic knowledge of new vessel growth in mature tissues and a better understanding of the various issues involved in patient selection, evaluation, and drug delivery, there is hope that growth factor therapy will take its place among other therapeutic modalities available to the clinician.
Cloning and characterization of a bovine genomic fragment homologous to epidermal growth factor genes. (2004)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen for a variety of cell types. The 53-amino acid mature EGF protein is encoded by sequences in exons 20 and 21 of a gene spanning over 110 kb. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of 7.5 kb of bovine genomic sequence homologous to exon 19 through 21 from EGF genes from other mammalian species. The cloned gene fragment had an unusual sequence composition in the form of an in-frame TGA codon in the coding sequence. The sequence was expressed at low levels in kidney tissue and the corresponding cDNA contained the TGA codon. The level of similarity between the bovine exonic sequence and the human, porcine, murine, feline, and canine corresponding sequences varied from 64% to 73%; however, when only sequences encoding the mature EGF protein were compared, the level of similarity between the bovine sequence and the sequence from these species was 59% to 66%. The sequence similarity of the deduced mature protein was lower (34% to 39%) than the sequence similarity of the deduced propeptide. Although the cloned sequences could originate from a bovine EGF pseudogene, the possibility exists that they originate from the functional EGF gene. An as yet unidentified mechanism to by-pass the stop codon would allow the synthesis of a functional EGF protein. Alternatively, the cloned sequence could originate from an EGF-like gene.
Petri net-based scheduling analysis of dual-arm cluster tools subject to wafer revisiting and residency time constraints (2013)

In semiconductor fabrication, it is very challenging to schedule a cluster tool with wafer revisiting and residency time constraints. For the typical wafer revisiting process of atomic layer deposition (ALD), a Petri net model is developed for the system. Then, with it and based on a 1-wafer cyclic scheduling method previously developed by the authors of this paper, schedulability conditions and scheduling algorithms are derived. The schedulability can be checked by analytical expressions. If schedulable, an optimal 1-wafer cyclic schedule can be analytically found. It is very computationally efficient. An illustrative example is given to show the application of the proposed approach.
Stereoscopic Vision System For Robotic Vehicle (1993)

Distances estimated from images by cross-correlation. Two-camera stereoscopic vision system with onboard processing of image data developed for use in guiding robotic vehicle semiautonomously. Combination of semiautonomous guidance and teleoperation useful in remote and/or hazardous operations, including clean-up of toxic wastes, exploration of dangerous terrain on Earth and other planets, and delivery of materials in factories where unexpected hazards or obstacles can arise.
FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY (2010)

The biggest issue that must be addressed in promoting widespread use of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is to reduce the cost of the fuel cell system while maintaining and improving its performance and functionality. Specifically, the overall system must be simplified and the cost of the fuel cell stack itself must be reduced. The technological challenge here is to secure the necessary transport properties and electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell stack so as to ensure high cell voltage under wide-ranging conditions for temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, reactant gas flow rates and current densities. Toward that end, the effects of these parameters on fuel cell performance must be understood more thoroughly in order to identify and control the main governing factors involved. We have been working to elucidate transport and reaction phenomena by applying experimental analyses and computational science methods in a complementary manner to investigate the phenomena that occur in a fuel cell. This article presents an overall picture of these analyses.
Identification of linear antigenic sites on the <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> 43‐kDa fimbrillin subunit (1995)

The fimbrillin of Porphyromonas gingivalis is thought to be an important virulence factor that mediates adherence to host surfaces. The linear immunogenic and antigenic structure of P. gingivalis fimbrillin was investigated with synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence predicted from the cloned fimbrillin gene for P. gingivalis 2561. A series of continuous and overlapping peptides corresponding to the entire sequence of P. gingivalis fimbrillin was used to immunize Wistar rats. The resulting polyclonal antibodies were used to test the antigenicity of the 43-kDa fimbrillin protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. All the peptides elicited specific antibodies directed to the corresponding peptides but differed in their ability to elicit antisera that cross-reacted with either native or denatured fimbrillin. Antisera to various C-terminal one-third peptides were more reactive to the denatured monomeric form of fimbrillin by Western blot analysis. Antisera to peptide 99-110 was by far the most reactive against the native form of the oligomeric fimbrillin as well as the partially denatured oligomeric form of fimbrillin. The results indicate that amino acid residues 99-110 on the native fimbrillin protein are accessible to antibody binding and that the immunogen 99-110, when conjugated to thyroglobulin, is able to mimic an epitope on the 43-kDa fimbrillin.
Structural, morphological, and optical properties of carbon nanoparticles unsheathed from date palm fronds (2022)

Several studies have reported the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by various methods. In this study, an easy one-step process to unsheathe CNPs from date palm fronds through a top-down ball milling method has been reported. The CNPs were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic methods to determine their structural and morphological features, optical properties, crystallinity, physicochemical properties, and particle stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the obtained CNPs' size ranged from 4 to 22 nm in a crystalline form. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their spherical shape, while the maximum photoluminescence (PL) intensity was recorded at 464 nm when excited at 375 nm. The unsheathed CNPs produced a good quantum yield (QY) of 3.24%. Furthermore, the CNPs exhibited high Raman ratios of <i>I</i> <sub>D</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>G</sub> and <i>I</i> <sub>2D</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>G</sub> with values of 0.59 and 0.04, respectively, verifying their multilayer crystalline graphitic nature. These Raman ratios also agree with the X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results. The CNPs' sp<sup>2</sup> and sp<sup>3</sup> carbon bonds were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with oxygen on the surface forming carboxyl and carbonyl groups with no other observable impurities. Furthermore, the extracted CNPs showed excellent PL properties for up- and down-conversion. These properties are exemplary for low-cost biomass with potential applications in biomedicine. Therefore, the extracted CNPs reported in this study have potential applications in optical imaging.
Research on ambient temperature passive magnetic bearings at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1997)

Research performed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on the equilibrium and stability of a new class of ambient-temperature passive bearing systems is described. The basic concepts involved are: (1) Stability of the rotating system is only achieved in the rotating state. That is, disengaging mechanical systems are used to insure stable levitation at rest (when Earnshaw`s theorem applies). (2) Stable levitation by passive magnetic elements can be achieved if the vector sum of the force derivatives of the several elements of the system is net negative (i.e. restoring) for axial, transverse, and tilt-type perturbations from equilibrium. To satisfy the requirements of (2) using only permanent magnet elements we have employed periodic ``Halbach arrays.`` These interact with passive inductive loaded circuits and act as stabilizers, with the primary forces arising from axially symmetric permanent-magnet elements. Stabilizers and other elements needed to create compact passive magnetic bearing systems have been constructed. Novel passive means for stabilizing classes of rotor-dynamic instabilities in such systems have also been investigated.
Mining massively incomplete data sets by conceptual reconstruction (2001)

Incomplete data sets have become almost ubiquitous in a wide variety of application domains. Common examples can be found in climate and image data sets, sensor data sets and medical data sets. The incompleteness in these data sets may arise from a number of factors: in some cases it may simply be a reflection of certain measurements not being available at the time; in others the information may be lost due to partial system failure; or it may simply be a result of users being unwilling to specify attributes due to privacy concerns. When a significant fraction of the entries are missing in all of the attributes, it becomes very difficult to perform any kind of reasonable extrapolation on the original data. For such cases, we introduce the novel idea of conceptual reconstruction, in which we create effective conceptual representations on which the data mining algorithms can be directly applied. The attraction behind the idea of conceptual reconstruction is to use the correlation structure of the data in order to express it in terms of concepts rather the original dimensions. As a result, the reconstruction procedure estimates only those conceptual aspects of the data which can be mined from the incomplete data set, rather than force errors created by extrapolation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on a variety of real data sets.
Targeted Osmotic Lysis of H28 Mesothelioma Cells (2019)

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the pleura cells of the chest cavity commonly linked to asbestos exposure. With a post‐diagnosis prognosis of between 6 and 12 months. Traditional chemotherapy increases survival time by only 11 weeks. Targeted Osmotic Lysis (TOL) is a novel cancer therapeutic that exploits cancer cells' upregulation of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels (VGSC) by pairing a pharmacological blocker of Na + , K + ‐ATPase (sodium pumps), such as digoxin or ouabain, with electric or magnetic stimulation of VGSCs. The increase in intracellular Na + causes an osmotic lysis of cells that over‐express VGSCs. TOL has been shown to selectively lyse highly invasive breast cancer cells, such as MDA‐MB 231, while leaving the normal tissue intact. To test the hypothesis that TOL would be an effective treatment for mesothelioma, we incubated H28 mesothelioma cells or MeT‐5A normal pleural effusion cells in 0–500 nM digoxin for 10 min, then activated the VGSCs with a 0–5 VDC electric current for 30 min. Using video microscopy, lysis was assessed by two independent observers with cytosolic extrusion as the measure. TOL effectively lysed H28 cells dose‐ and stimulus‐dependently, with a maximum cell death of 94.2% Less than 5% of cells in the Drug only, Stimulation only, and Non‐treated groups died (p<.0001). MeT‐5A cells did not lyse. Likewise, when we used a pulsed magnetic field (90 mT, 25 pps) to stimulate VGSCs, H28 cells lysed dose‐ and stimulation‐dependently, whereas control treatments and Met‐5a cells did not. Together these results are evidence that TOL causes significant cell death in mesothelioma cells compared to the normal cells. Thus, TOL may be an effective treatment for mesothelioma. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by a grant from Oleander Medical Technologies This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A modeling and analysis methodology for modular logic controllers of machining systems using Petri net formalism (2001)

Logic controllers for machining systems typically have three control modes: auto, hand and manual. In this paper, a unified formal representation of logic controllers with three control modes is provided using Petri nets (PNs). A modular logic controller structure is introduced and formalized for high-volume transfer lines. The modular logic controller consists of one control module for the mode decision and other control modules for station logic controllers. Each station control module is represented by connecting together operation modules, which are designed with respect to the fault recovery processes of operations; their connection algorithm is also provided. In our formal representation, each control module is represented by a live, safe and reversible PN. A condition for the modular logic controller to generate a correct control logic is provided: the operation causality condition. Using the modular structure of a logic controller, the control logic can be easily reconfigured and automatic code generation is possible.
Dielectric and electro-optical studies of glycerol/ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture at room temperature (2009)

The optical memory effect based on glycerol mixed deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) material has been investigated. The observed memory effect has also been compared with the glycerol mixed ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). The observance of memory effect has been verified by experimental data using dielectric spectroscopy, electro-optical, and textural studies under polarizing optical microscope. The glycerol not only helps to improve the memory effect in DHFLC material but also alters the physical parameters such as rotational viscosity, spontaneous polarization, response time, etc. too in both glycerol/DHFLC and glycerol/FLC mixtures.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in viv</i><i>o</i> Study of the Biological Effects of Tri-Tetracyclines (New Tetracycline Complexes) (1974)

In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with tri-tetracyclines prepared by mere dissolution of the tetracyclines in an aqueous solution of a recommended complexing agent, or using a preconstituted ready-for-use injection. Values of tri-tetracyclines of low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were recorded. High antibiotic levels were found in the sera and in the tissues, especially in the lung after administration of tri-methacycline and in the kidneys after all tri-tetracyclines examined – indicating excretion via the kidneys. These facts correspond to enhanced water solubility without marked loss of lipid solubility.
Process optimization of graphene growth in a roll-to-roll plasma CVD system (2017)

A systematic approach to mass-production of graphene and other 2D materials is essential for current and future technological applications. By combining a sequential statistical design of experiments with in-situ process monitoring, we demonstrate a method to optimize graphene growth on copper foil in a roll-to-roll rf plasma chemical vapor deposition system. Data-driven predictive models show that gas pressure, nitrogen, oxygen, and plasma power are the main process parameters affecting the quality of graphene. Furthermore, results from in-situ optical emission spectroscopy reveal a positive correlation of CH radical to high quality of graphene, whereas O and H atoms, Ar+ ion, and C2 and CN radicals negatively correlate to quality. This work demonstrates the deposition of graphene on copper foil at 1 m/min, a scale suitable for large-scale production. The techniques described here can be extended to other 2D materials and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
Liquid Crystal Lens (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Physical Properties LC Device Focal Length Equation Curved Electrode Strip-Patterned Electrode Hole-Patterned Electrode Modal Addressing Cylindrical LC Lens Polymer–LC Composite Lens Diffractive LC Lens LC Microlens Array Summary Homework Problems References
Walking Pads (2014)

Transient voltage noise, including resistive and reactive noise, causes timing errors at runtime. We introduce a heuristic framework---Walking Pads---to minimize transient voltage violations by optimizing power supply pad placement. We show that the steady-state optimal design point differs from the transient optimum, and further noise reduction can be achieved with transient optimization. Our methodology significantly reduces voltage violations by balancing the average transient voltage noise of the four branches at each pad site. When we optimize pad placement using a representative stressmark, voltage violations are reduced 46-80% across 11 Parsec benchmarks with respect to the results from IR-drop-optimized pad placement. We also show that the allocation of on-chip decoupling capacitance significantly influences the optimal locations of pads.
Low-threshold dye laser pumped by visible laser diodes (1993)

The author describes a continuous-wave (CW) dye laser has been pumped by laser diodes for the first time. Two 10-mW visible laser diodes were polarization-combined to pump a rhodamine 700 dye jet laser. The absorbed pump threshold power was 5.6 mW, and 0.28 mW of output power was produced at 758 nm. The resonator was scalable and generated over 360 mW with a slope efficiency of 57% when pumped with a DCM dye laser at 660 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
‘Mass defect’ tags for biomolecular mass spectrometry (2003)

Abstract We present a new class of ‘mass defect’ tags with utility in biomolecular mass spectrometry. These tags, incorporating element(s) with atomic numbers between 17 (Cl) and 77 (Ir), have a substantially different nuclear binding energy (mass defect) from the elements common to biomolecules. This mass defect yields a readily resolvable mass difference between tagged and untagged species in high‐resolution mass spectrometers. We present the use of a subset of these tags in a new protein sequencing application. This sequencing technique has advantages over existing mass spectral protein identification methodologies: intact proteins are quickly sequenced and unambiguously identified using only an inexpensive, robust mass spectrometer. We discuss the potential broader utility of these tags for the sequencing of other biomolecules, differential display applications and combinatorial methods. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Area Efficient Box Filter Acceleration by Parallelizing with Optimized Adder Tree (2019)

Box filters are widely used in image and video processing applications. To achieve the real-time performance for these applications, designers may need to parallelize these box filters. However, it is very challenging to implement a parallel box filter on modern programmable system-on-chip (SoC). On one hand, the dependency between the operations of a box filter is too strong to achieve parallelism. On the other hand, more adder trees are required as the degree of parallelism increases. In this paper, we propose a performance and area efficient box filter. It uses the partial sum difference, which needs much less resource, to effectively calculate the box filter. We make the full use of this reusable partial sum to optimize the adder trees for parallel processing. We also make two case studies of the box filter by applying it to the guided filter and the stereo matching algorithm on a programmable SoC using a C-based design flow. Our method removes the dependencies between the parallel operations of the box filter. Compare to the state-of-the-art, results show that the computational complexity of the adder tree for a single pixel has been reduced from O(R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to O((R+N)lgN/N ) on average. There are orders of magnitude reduction in resource usage with large filter size R and parallelization degree N. The throughput can be increased by N times, where N is up to 72 in the case of Xilinx FPGA board XCZU9EG-2FFVB1156E.
MR Fingerprinting for Rapid Quantitative Abdominal Imaging (2016)

A rapid technique for quantitative abdominal imaging was developed that allows simultaneous quantification of multiple tissue properties within one 19-second breath hold, with measurements comparable to those in published literature.
An Active Steering Bogie for Heavy Haul Diesel Locomotives (2008)

The steering task for heavy haul locomotives can involve high levels of tractive effort during curving on steep gradients. Traction curving has been reported as problematic for current steering locomotive bogies [1], [3], [4]. The Centre for Railway Engineering (CRE) has been investigating traction steering performance. Improvements in traction steering performance will produce more efficient rail transport. Simulations involving curving and hunting evaluations have been completed for a wide range of traction bogie designs. A new bogie design concept is proposed involving yaw actuation of the bogie frame with forced steering linkages (AY-FS Bogie). Simulation tests have shown this concept able to reduce traction curving wear by 61% from improved steering under traction. The bogie concept is also capable of high speed stability performance. AY-FS bogie has further advantages over AWY bogie designs, [6] in that none of the actuation equipment or sensors for AY-FS bogie’s need to be mounted on the bogie frame. Further development of the research is needed with a prototype design simulation testing to optimise the suspension settings and control design for optimised performance.
A machine learning approach to vehicle occupancy detection (2014)

To manage ever increasing traffic volume on modern highways, transportation agencies have introduced special managed lanes where only vehicles with a certain occupancy level are allowed. This encourages highway users to ride together, thus, in theory, more efficiently transporting people through the highway system. In order to be effective, however, adherence to the vehicle occupancy rules has to be enforced. Recent studies have shown that the traditional approach of dispatching traffic law enforcement officers to perform roadside visual inspections is not only expensive and dangerous, but also ineffective for managed lane enforcement. In this paper, we describe an image-based machine learning approach for automatic or semi-automatic vehicle occupancy detection. Our method localizes windshield regions by constructing an elastic deformation model from sets of uniquely defined landmark points along the front windshield. From the localized windshield region, the method calculates image-level feature representations, which are then applied to a trained classifier for classifying the vehicle into violator and non-violator classes.