gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Tissue Retractor Based on Local Magnetic Actuation (2014)

Magnetic instruments for laparoscopic surgery have the potential to enhance triangulation and reduce invasiveness, as they can be rearranged inside the abdominal cavity and do not need a dedicated port during the procedure. Onboard actuators can be used to achieve a controlled and repeatable motion at the interface with the tissue. However, actuators that can fit through a single laparoscopic incision are very limited in power and do not allow performance of surgical tasks such as lifting an organ. In this study, we present a tissue retractor based on local magnetic actuation (LMA). This approach combines two pairs of magnets, one providing anchoring and the other transferring motion to an internal mechanism connected to a retracting lever. Design requirements were derived from clinical considerations, while finite element simulations and static modeling were used to select the permanent magnets, set the mechanism parameters, and predict the lifting and supporting capabilities of the tissue retractor. A three-tier validation was performed to assess the functionality of the device. First, the retracting performance was investigated via a benchtop experiment, by connecting an increasing load to the lever until failure occurred, and repeating this test for different intermagnetic distances. Then, the feasibility of liver resection was studied with an ex vivo experiment, using porcine hepatic tissue. Finally, the usability and the safety of the device were tested in vivo on an anesthetized porcine model. The developed retractor is 154 mm long, 12.5 mm in diameter, and weights 39.16 g. When abdominal wall thickness is 2 cm, the retractor is able to lift more than ten times its own weight. The model is able to predict the performance with a relative error of 9.06 ± 0.52%. Liver retraction trials demonstrate that the device can be inserted via laparoscopic access, does not require a dedicated port, and can perform organ retraction. The main limitation is the reduced mobility due to the length of the device. In designing robotic instrument for laparoscopic surgery, LMA can enable the transfer of a larger amount of mechanical power than what is possible to achieve by embedding actuators on board. This study shows the feasibility of implementing a tissue retractor based on this approach and provides an illustration of the main steps that should be followed in designing a LMA laparoscopic instrument.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Benzimidazolium Dyes and Its Diversity Directed Application toward GTP-Selective Fluorescent Chemosensors (2006)

Highly selective fluorescence turn-on GTP sensor, GTP Green, was discovered by a diversity directed sensor approach, combined by solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of a benzimidazolium library and high-throughput screening.
FKBP12 Binding Modulates Ryanodine Receptor Channel Gating (2001)

The ryanodine receptor (RyR1)/calcium release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle is comprised of four 565,000-dalton RyR1s, each of which binds one FK506 binding protein (FKBP12). RyR1 is required for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. FKBP12, a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, is required for the normal gating of the RyR1 channel. In the absence of FKBP12, RyR1 channels exhibit increased gating frequency, suggesting that FKBP12 "stabilizes" the channel in the open and closed states. We now show that substitution of a Gly, Glu, or Ile for Val2461 in RyR1 prevents FKBP12 binding to RyR1, resulting in channels with increased gating frequency. In the case of the V2461I mutant RyR1, normal channel function can be restored by adding FKBP12.6, an isoform of FKBP12. These data identify Val2461 as a critical residue required for FKBP12 binding to RyR1 and demonstrate the functional role for FKBP12 in the RyR1 channel complex.
A Counter Architecture for Online DVFS Profitability Estimation (2010)

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a well known and effective technique for reducing power consumption in modern microprocessors. An important concern though is to estimate its profitability in terms of performance and energy. Current DVFS profitability estimation approaches, however, lack accuracy or incur runtime performance and/or energy overhead. This paper proposes a counter architecture for online DVFS profitability estimation on superscalar out-of-order processors. The counter architecture teases apart the fraction of the execution time that is susceptible to clock frequency versus the fraction that is insusceptible to clock frequency. By doing so, the counter architecture can accurately estimate the performance and energy consumption at different V/f operating points from a single program execution. The DVFS counter architecture estimates performance, energy consumption, and energy-delaysquared-product (ED2P) within 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 percent on average, respectively, over a 4x frequency range. Further, the counter architecture incurs a small hardware cost and is an enabler for online DVFS scheduling both at the intracore as well as at the intercore level in a multicore processor.
Clustering of mutations blocking synthesis of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris (1987)

Mutations that block the synthesis of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris B1459S-4L-II were isolated as nonmucoid colonies after treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate. Complete libraries of DNA fragments from wild-type X. campestris were cloned into Escherichia coli by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector and then transferred into each mutant strain by conjugal mating. Cloned fragments that restored xanthan gum synthesis (Xgs+; mucoidy) were compared according to restriction pattern, DNA sequence homology, and complementation of a subset of Xgs- mutations. Groups of clones that contained overlapping homologous DNA were found to complement specific Xgs- mutations. The results suggest clustering of the genetic loci involved in xanthan synthesis. The clustering occurred within three unlinked regions. Two forms of complementation were observed. In most instances, independently isolated cosmid clones that complemented a single mutation were found to be partially homologous. Less frequent was the second form of complementation, in which two cosmid clones that lacked any homologous sequences restored the mucoid phenotype to a single mutant. Finally, xanthan production was measured for wild-type X. campestris carrying multiple plasmid copies of the cloned xanthan genes.
Prospects of nanotechnology for high-efficiency solar cells (2012)

The advances of semiconductor solar cells enabled a paradigm shift of clean alternative energy generation marked by Bell Labs' first modern solar cell (a.k.a. “Photovoltaic Cell (PV)” made from crystal silicon in 1954. The solar cells fabricated from crystal Si is now reached to its energy conversion efficiency from 6% to 22% in the last 55 years. Still, more developments are going on to bring Si solar cell conversion efficiency closer to its theoretical limit to 30.7%. Solar Cells from other materials such as compound semiconductors is now reached to close to 50%. The late 1990s, energy generation utilizing the photovoltaic effects witnessed another disruptive and yet exhilarating progress enabled by nano-structured materials and devices structured. Nano structure based solar cell can be explained as a method of increasing surface area and increasing the photon capture which, in this case, is a multiple nano-solar cells. The result is a capability to increase the aggregate energy conversion efficiency significantly more than conventional solar cell.
MOS-Bounded Diodes for On-Chip ESD Protection in Deep Submicron CMOS Process (2005)

New diode structures without the field-oxide boundary across the p/n junction for ESD protection are proposed. A NMOS (PMOS) is especially inserted into the diode structure to form the NMOS-bounded (PMOS-bounded) diode, which is used to block the field oxide isolation across the p/n junction in the diode structure. The proposed N(P)MOS-bounded diodes can provide more efficient ESD protection to the internal circuits, as compared to the other diode structures. The N(P)MOS-bounded diodes can be used in the I/O ESD protection circuits, power-rail ESD clamp circuits, and the ESD conduction cells between the separated power lines. From the experimental results, the human-body-model ESD level of ESD protection circuit with the proposed N(P)MOS-bounded diodes is greater than 8 kV in a 0.35-μm CMOS process.
Potent systemic antitumor activity from an oncolytic herpes simplex virus of syncytial phenotype. (2002)

Conditionally replicating (oncolytic) viruses, which selectively replicate in tumor cells but not in normal cells, show great promise as antitumor agents for cancer therapy. The principal antitumor activity of these viruses derives from their replication within tumor cells, which results in cell destruction and the production of progeny virions that can spread to adjacent tumor cells. However, one potential limitation of this approach is that viral gene deletions conferring tumor selectivity also result frequently in reduced potency of the virus in tumors. Therefore, strategies designed to enhance the potency of current oncolytic viruses will likely increase their chance of clinical success. Here we report the construction of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) of which the infection also causes strong cell membrane fusion (syncytial formation). In vitro characterization on a variety of human tumor cells of different tissue origins showed that the plaques from this virus (Fu-10) are phenotypically unique and are significantly larger than those from the parental G207 virus, a well-characterized oncolytic HSV lacking fusogenic function. Furthermore, the syncytial formation caused by this virus depended on HSV replication, indicating that cell membrane fusion will only occur in dividing cells (such as tumor cells) where the virus can undergo a full infection cycle but not in normal cells where the viral replication is restricted. Systemic administration of Fu-10 into mice with established lung metastatic breast cancer resulted in a dramatic therapeutic effect. These studies demonstrate that incorporation of fusogenic function into an oncolytic virus can significantly increase the potency of viral oncolysis; this may lead to an enhanced clinical performance, especially in late-stage cancer patients.
Note: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for viscosity measurements (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert L. Powell, James E. Maneval, Joseph D. Seymour, Kathryn L. McCarthy, Michael J. McCarthy; Note: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for viscosity measurements. Journal of Rheology 1 September 1994; 38 (5): 1465–1470. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550553 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Computing Thermal Neutron Decay Time Environmental Effects Using Monte Carlo Techniques (1986)

Summary Time-dependent, three-dimensional (3D), coupled-neutron/gamma-ray Monte Carlo calculations were made for both thermal neutron decay time (TDT-K™ and TDT-M™) logging systems. Calculations were made for different borehole sizes, casing sizes, and different formation and borehole macroscopic capture cross sections (Σ). Good agreement was obtained between our calculations and laboratory TDT measurements. Monte Carlo calculations were made to separate the contributions to the detector count rates resulting from gamma rays produced in various regions, such as the borehole fluid, casing, cement, and those produced in the formation. The decay rates resulting from these various components show how the measured Σ may differ from the intrinsic formation Σ and lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the near- and far- detector measurements. The calculations also provide information on the bed-thickness response of the TDT.
P-030 high fidelity simulations of endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatments (2015)

<h3> Introduction</h3> We present a novel computational approach that considers the structure and deployment mechanics of endovascular devices to simulate patient-specific cerebral aneurysm treatments. The approach can be used to examine potential undesirable treatment consequences (e.g., poor device apposition and improper sizing) in a specific patient anatomy. Validation of the approach was performed using mechanical tests and both bench-top and clinical deployments in patient anatomies. <h3>Methods</h3> Finite element (FE) computational models of the Enterprise stent and pipeline embolization device (PED) were first modeled using micro CT. Mechanical bench-top measurements of the physical devices were then used to inform and validate each computational model’s material properties and structural behavior. The computational deployment technique (e.g., the device pusher and microcatheter unsheathing) was modeled according to the device’s standard clinical deployment strategy. Simulated deployments and fluid dynamics were then validated against physical deployments and flow measurements in anatomical urethane models. Validation against clinical deployments will also be presented. <h3>Results</h3> Results showed good agreement between simulated and physical deployments in the urethane models. Less than an 11% difference was observed between post-deployment computational and physical device diameter and cross-sectional area along the stent centerline. Deployment simulations were also found to correctly predict regions where the physical device stenosed, bulged, and poorly apposed to the vessel wall, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Good agreement was also observed between simulated and measured fluid dynamics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The developed approach has great potential for enhancing clinical capabilities for endovascular treatment planning and can lead to improved treatment outcomes. Clinical validations of the approach are currently underway and initial results will be presented. <h3>Disclosures</h3> Y. Kalani: 1; C; National Institues of Health. H. Babiker: None. M. Levitt: None. C. McDougall: None. B. Chong: None. D. Frakes: None. F. Albuquerque: None.
<title>Diffraction analysis of beams for barcode scanning</title> (1991)

Laser based bar code scanners utilize large f/# beams to attain a large depth of focus. The intensity cross-section of the laser beam is generally not uniform but is frequently approximated by a Gaussian intensity profile. In the case of laser diodes the beam cross-section is a two dimensional distribution. It is well known that the focusing properties of large f/# Gaussian beams differ from the predictions of ray tracing techniques. Consequently analytic modeling of laser based bar code scanning systems requires techniques based on diffraction rather than on ray tracing in order to obtain agreement between theory and practice. The line spread function of the focused laser beam is generally the parameter of interest due to the one-dimensional nature of the bar code symbol. Some bar code scanners utilize an anamorphic optical system to produce a beam that that maintains an elliptical cross-section over an extended depth of focus. This elliptical beam shape is used to average over voids and other printing defects that occur in real world symbols. Since the scanner must operate over the maximum possible depth of field the beam emergent from the scanner must be analyzed in both its near field and far field regions in order to properly model the performance of the scanner.
Preparation of Cultured Skin for Transplantation Using Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Conjunction with Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5, Epidermal Growth Factor, and Vitronectin (2006)

IGF-I used in conjunction with IGFBP-5, EGF, and vitronectin provides a superior alternative to serum for the rapid expansion and transplantation of cultured keratinocytes within the first week of treatment. Nevertheless, further optimization is required with respect to elimination of feeder cells and serial expansion of cultures for treatment of extensive injuries.
Differentially Private Oblivious RAM (2016)

In this work, we investigate if statistical privacy can enhance the performance of ORAM mechanisms while providing rigorous privacy guarantees. We propose a formal and rigorous framework for developing ORAM protocols with statistical security viz., a differentially private ORAM (DP-ORAM). We present Root ORAM, a family of DP-ORAMs that provide a tunable, multi-dimensional trade-off between the desired bandwidth overhead, local storage and system security. We theoretically analyze Root ORAM to quantify both its security and performance. We experimentally demonstrate the benefits of Root ORAM and find that (1) Root ORAM can reduce local storage overhead by about 2x for a reasonable values of privacy budget, significantly enhancing performance in memory limited platforms such as trusted execution environments, and (2) Root ORAM allows tunable trade-offs between bandwidth, storage, and privacy, reducing bandwidth overheads by up to 2x-10x (at the cost of increased storage/statistical privacy), enabling significant reductions in ORAM access latencies for cloud environments. We also analyze the privacy guarantees of DP-ORAMs through the lens of information theoretic metrics of Shannon entropy and Min-entropy [16]. Finally, Root ORAM is ideally suited for applications which have a similar access pattern, and we showcase its utility via the application of Private Information Retrieval.
Tissue Engineering of Bovine Articular Cartilage within Porous Poly(ether ester) Copolymer Scaffolds with Different Structures (2005)

The potential of porous poly(ether ester) scaffolds made from poly(ethylene glycol) terephthalate: poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEGT:PBT) block copolymers produced by various methods to enable cartilaginous tissue formation in vitro was studied. Scaffolds were fabricated by two different processes: paraffin templating (PT) and compression molding (CM). To determine whether PEGT:PBT scaffolds are able to support chondrogenesis, primary bovine chondrocytes were seeded within cylindrical scaffolds under dynamic seeding conditions. On day 3, constructs were transferred to six-well plates and evaluated for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution (3, 10, and 24 days), type II collagen distribution, cellularity, and total collagen and GAG content (10 and 24 days). It was observed that better cell distribution during infiltration within PT scaffolds allowed greater chondrogenesis, and at later time points, than in CM scaffolds. The amount of GAG remained constant for all groups from 10 to 24 days, whereas collagen content increased significantly. These data suggest that PEGT:PBT scaffolds are suitable for cartilage tissue engineering, with the PT process enabling greater chondrogenesis than CM.
New aromatic benzazole polymers, 3. Synthesis of rigid-rod benzobisazole polymers with main-chain 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl units (1999)

SUMMARY: Rigid-rod benzobisthiazole (Bipy-PBZT), benzobisoxazole (Bipy-PBO) and benzobisimidazole (Bipy-PyBI) polymers containing 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl moieties were synthesized from 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarbonyl dichloride and one of the following monomers: 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol, 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol, and 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine. Bipy-PyBI is the first rigid-rod benzobisimidazole polymer without any solubilizing pendants that exhibits lyotropic behavior. These polymers displayed thin-film electrical conductivity of ≈10–10–10–8 S/cm in pristine state; 10–5–10–4 S/cm upon infiltration with AgNO3; 25–42 S/cm after Ag+ → Ag0 reduction by NaBH4.
Making A Noble-Metal-On-Metal-Oxide Catalyst (1989)

Catalyst exhibits superior performance in oxidation of CO in CO2 lasers. Two-step process developed for preparing platinum- or palladium-on-tin-oxide catalyst for recombination of CO and O2, decomposition products that occur in high-voltage discharge region of closed-cycle CO2 laser. Process also applicable to other noble-metal/metal-oxide combinations.
A novel synthesis of xanthines: support for a new binding mode for xanthines with respect to adenosine at adenosine receptors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel synthesis of xanthines: support for a new binding mode for xanthines with respect to adenosine at adenosine receptorsNorton P. Peet, Nelsen L. Lentz, Elaine C. Meng, Mark W. Dudley, Ann Marie L. Ogden, David A. Demeter, Herschel J. R. Weintraub, and Philippe BeyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 12, 3127–3130Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00174a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00174a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts