gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new crown heteropolyanion K28Li5H7P8W48O184.92H2O: synthesis, structure, and properties (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new crown heteropolyanion K28Li5H7P8W48O184.92H2O: synthesis, structure, and propertiesRoland Contant and Andre TezeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 26, 4610–4614Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00220a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00220a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2346Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Why male primary teachers are such a rare breed (2003)

By Leo Bown, a special needs teacher in Winchester, Hampshire, and freelance journalist looks at why male primary teachers are hard to find and much in demand.
Alcohol-inducible cytochrome P-450IIE1 lacking the hydrophobic NH2-terminal segment retains catalytic activity and is membrane-bound when expressed in Escherichia coli (1991)

We have expressed in Escherichia coli a cDNA encoding rabbit liver cytochrome P-450IIE1, the ethanol-inducible P-450. The expressed P-450 is located primarily in the bacterial inner cell membrane and comprises 3% of the E. coli total membrane protein. The partially purified cytochrome exhibits a reduced CO difference spectrum with a maximum at 452 nm, characteristic of P-450IIE1, and solubilized membranes or partially purified P-450 preparations reconstituted with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and phosphatidylcholine catalyze the deethylation of N-nitrosodiethylamine with a turnover number equal to that of purified liver P-450IIE1 (approximately 4.5 nmol/min/nmol of P-450). A modified IIE1 cDNA that encodes a protein lacking amino acids 3-29, a proposed membrane anchor for cytochrome P-450, was also expressed in E. coli and, unexpectedly, the shortened protein was also found to be predominantly located in the bacterial inner membrane rather than the cytosol. Like the full-length protein, this truncated cytochrome has a reduced CO difference spectrum characteristic of P-450IIE1 and is fully active in the deethylation of N-nitrosodiethylamine. These results demonstrate that the NH2-terminal hydrophobic segment is not solely responsible for attachment to the membrane and evidently is not required for proper protein folding or catalytic activity.
Fast indexing strategies for robust image hashes (2014)

S.S27-S35
Synthesis and catalytic reactions of chiral N-(diazoacetyl)oxazolidones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and catalytic reactions of chiral N-(diazoacetyl)oxazolidonesMichael P. Doyle, Roberta L. Dorow, Jan W. Terpstra, and Randy A. RodenhouseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 10, 1663–1666Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00210a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00210a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metathesis degradation of poly(butadiene‐<i>alt</i>‐propene) (1987)

Abstract Poly(butadiene‐ alt ‐propene) ( 1 ) was degraded by metathesis reaction using symmetric olefins (3‐hexene and 4‐octene) in chlorobenzene solution in the presence of WCl 6 /(CH 3 ) 4 Sn as catalyst. Identification of the degradation products by means of a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed small amounts of “defects” in the almost ideally alternating copolymer 1 . These were non‐alternating sequences of 2‐butenylene and methylethylene units, vinylethylene units and branching points. In addition, the metathesis degradation of 1 with 4 ‐octene was investigated kinetically between 15 and 40°C. The measurements confirm that the thermodynamically stable 4‐methylcyclohexene is the final product. This can be formed directly from the polymer and via oligomeric products. The formation of these intermediates is preceded by an induction period. Their concentrations pass maxima, the positions of which depend on the size of the molecules and on the temperature.
Quantitative evaluation of soft error injection techniques for robust system design (2013)

Choosing the correct error injection technique is of primary importance in simulation-based design and evaluation of robust systems that are resilient to soft errors. Many low-level (e.g., flip-flop-level) error injection techniques are generally used for small systems due to long execution times and significant memory requirements. High-level error injections at the architecture or memory levels are generally fast but can be inaccurate. Unfortunately, there exists very little research literature on quantitative analysis of the inaccuracies associated with high-level error injection techniques. In this paper, we use simulation and emulation results to understand the accuracy trade-offs associated with a variety of high-level error injection techniques. A detailed analysis of error propagation explains the causes of high degrees of inaccuracies associated with error injection techniques at higher levels of abstraction.
Grassland Dynamics and the Driving Factors Based on Net Primary Productivity in Qinghai Province, China (2019)

Qinghai province is an important part of the Tibetan Plateau, and is characterized by extremely fragile ecosystems. In the last few decades, grasslands in this province have been influenced profoundly by climate change, as well as human activities. Here, we use the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to assess the dynamics of temperate steppe, alpine steppe, temperate meadow, alpine meadow, sparse grassland and herbaceous wetland via actual net primary productivity (NPPa). Our findings showed that: (1) From 2001 to 2016, the average NPPa in Qinghai province showed a fluctuation presented a generally increasing trend. The mean value of NPPa was 114.27 g C m−2 year−1, and the increase rate was 0.47 g C cm−2 year−1. (2) There were NPPa increase rate discrepancies among the six typical grassland biomes. Herbaceous wetland had the highest change rate, closely followed by alpine steppe, temperate steppe, alpine meadow, temperate meadow and sparse grassland. (3) The largest area of restoration mainly impacted by climate change reached 47.08% of the total grassland area, with human activities accounting for 21.74%. By contrast, the deteriorated area induced by human activities accounted for 9.78% of the total grassland. (4) Temperature may have been a greater factor than precipitation in driving grassland change during the study period. Decreasing grazing intensity and implementing effective protection measures were favorable to grassland restoration.
In vivo glucose metabolism in obese and type II diabetic subjects with or without hypertension (1993)

This study examined whether the presence of hypertension, an insulin-resistant condition, exacerbates the defect in insulin action observed in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Glucose metabolism in the basal state and in response to insulin was quantitated by using the euglycemic insulin (20 mU.min-1 x m-2) clamp in combination with 3-[3H]glucose infusion and indirect calorimetry in 20 obese nondiabetic subjects (10 hypertensive and 10 normotensive), 26 type II diabetic subjects (13 hypertensive and 13 normotensive), and 11 normal nondiabetic subjects. The two groups of obese subjects and the two groups of diabetic subjects were matched for sex, age, race, body mass index, and fat distribution. Both in the basal state and during insulin infusion, glucose disposal rates (total, oxidative, and nonoxidative) were similar in obese subjects with or without hypertension. Compared with control subjects, both groups of obese subjects were markedly insulin resistant. Similarly, type II diabetic individuals, whether normotensive or hypertensive, were equally insulin resistant. The severity of insulin resistance was nearly identical in obese and diabetic groups. In diabetic subjects, the inhibitory effect of insulin on hepatic glucose output, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation was blunted compared with normal subjects. In obese subjects the ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis and lipid oxidation was impaired. However, hypertension did not alter the suppressive effects of insulin on hepatic glucose production, plasma free fatty acid levels, or lipid oxidation in either obese or type II diabetic subjects. These results indicate that hypertension does not confer a greater severity of insulin resistance than that already is present in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus.
Performance Enhancement of High Order LDPC Coded Modulation Systems with Application in Mobile Backhaul Networks (2021)

Wireless backhaul communication systems play a crucial role in the infrastructure of current cellular networks. In light of the expensive costs of fiber deployment, the importance of these links is anticipated to continue over the next few decades.
IL-6 mediates platinum-induced enrichment of ovarian cancer stem cells (2018)

In high-grade serous ovarian cancer (OC), chemotherapy eliminates the majority of tumor cells, leaving behind residual tumors enriched in OC stem cells (OCSC). OCSC, defined as aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+), persist and contribute to tumor relapse. Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is elevated in residual tumors after platinum treatment, and we hypothesized that IL-6 plays a critical role in platinum-induced OCSC enrichment. We demonstrate that IL-6 regulates stemness features of OCSC driven by ALDH1A1 expression and activity. We show that platinum induces IL-6 secretion by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, promoting OCSC enrichment in residual tumors after chemotherapy. By activating STAT3 and upregulating ALDH1A1 expression, IL-6 treatment converted non-OCSC to OCSC. Having previously shown altered DNA methylation in OCSC, we show here that IL-6 induces DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and the hypomethylating agent (HMA) guadecitabine induced differentiation of OCSC and reduced - but did not completely eradicate - OCSC. IL-6 neutralizing antibody (IL-6-Nab) combined with HMA fully eradicated OCSC, and the combination blocked IL-6/IL6-R/pSTAT3-mediated ALDH1A1 expression and eliminated OCSC in residual tumors that persisted in vivo after chemotherapy. We conclude that IL-6 signaling blockade combined with an HMA can eliminate OCSC after platinum treatment, supporting this strategy to prevent tumor recurrence after standard chemotherapy.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in General Surgical Patients (1988)

The results of randomized clinical trials evaluating commonly used methods of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in moderate- and high-risk general surgery patients were pooled to obtain an unbiased estimate of efficacy and risks. Low-dose heparin (LDH), dextran, heparin-dihydroergotamine (HDHE), intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), and graded elastic stockings significantly reduced the incidence of DVT; aspirin was ineffective. In contrast to other methods, elastic stockings have not been adequately studied to determine their value in reducing DVT in high-risk patients, such as those with malignancy. Only LDH and dextran were studied in numbers of patients sufficient for demonstrating a clear reduction in pulmonary embolism (PE). In comparison studies, LDH was superior to dextran in preventing DVT, but the two agents were equivalent in protecting against PE. Although HDHE was marginally better than LDH in preventing DVT, it appeared to have no advantage in preventing PE--at least in moderate-risk patients. The incidence of major hemorrhage was not increased with any of the prophylactic agents. However, wound hematomas occurred significantly more frequently with LDH, an effect noted in the pooled data from double-blind and open trials. In comparison trials with LDH, both dextran and HDHE had significantly fewer wound hematomas. LDH administered every 8 hours appeared more effective in reducing DVT than LDH administered every 12 hours; the incidence of wound hematomas was equivalent with both regimens.
Tree Growth and Wood Quality in Pure Vs. Mixed-Species Stands of European Beech and Calabrian Pine in Mediterranean Mountain Forests (2019)

Mixed-species forests may deliver more forest functions and services than monocultures, as being considered more resistant to disturbances than pure stands. However, information on wood quality in mixed-species vs. corresponding pure forests is poor. In this study, nine plots grouped into three triplets of pure and mixed-species stands of European beech and Calabrian pine (three dominated by European beech, three dominated by Calabrian pine, and three mixed-species plots) were analysed. We evaluated tree growth and wood quality through dendrochronological approaches and non-destructive technologies (acoustic detection), respectively, hypothesizing that the mixture might improve the fitness of each species and its wood quality. A linear mixed model was applied to test the effects of exogenous influences on the basal area index (BAI) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd). The recruitment period (Rp) was studied to verify whether wood quality was independent from stem radial growth patterns. Results showed that the mixture effect influenced both wood quality and BAI. In the mixed-species plots, for each species, MOEd values were significantly higher than in the corresponding pure stands. The mixture effect aligned MOEd values, making wood quality uniform across the different diameter classes. In the mixed-species plots, a significant positive relationship between MOEd and Rp, but also significantly higher BAI values than in the pure plots, were found for European beech, but not for Calabrian pine. The results suggest the promotion of mixing of European beech and Calabrian pine in this harsh environment to potentially improve both tree growth and wood quality.
[Quantitative regional alveolar volume and specific ventilation (V/VA) in healthy subjects measured with positron emission tomography]. (1991)

We have measured quantitative regional alveolar volume and specific ventilation in healthy subjects by Nitrogen-13 gas and Positron Emission Tomography. Studies have proceeded in the supine position. Subjects have rebreathed N-13 gas in closed circuit. After radioactivity has reached equilibrium, Scan was carried out. During equilibrium, we have taken radioactive gas from the closed circuit to make quantitative alveolar volume and we have measured the radioactivity by well counter. This value means radioactivity in unit of thoracic volume. Well counts/PET counts denote alveolar volume/thoracic volume. After equilibrium, RI has been washed out by air, during the washout phase we have 3 sequential images. Using these sequential images, we have fitted RI activity in the washout phase monoexponential curve. Index of the monoexponential curve means -V/V, if we do not consider rebreathing from dead space. The data shows a large alveolar volume in the ventral region compared to that in the dorsal region, and also a high V/V in the dorsal region compared to that in the ventral region. It seems that the error of V/V in healthy subjects due to rebreathing from dead space is about 8%.
Acid–base catalysis in <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> sucrose phosphorylase probed by site-directed mutagenesis and detailed kinetic comparison of wild-type and Glu237→Gln mutant enzymes (2007)

The role of acid-base catalysis in the two-step enzymatic mechanism of alpha-retaining glucosyl transfer by Leuconostoc mesenteroides sucrose phosphorylase has been examined through site-directed replacement of the putative catalytic Glu237 and detailed comparison of purified wild-type and Glu237-->Gln mutant enzymes using steady-state kinetics. Reactions with substrates requiring Brønsted catalytic assistance for glucosylation or deglucosylation were selectively slowed at the respective step, about 10(5)-fold, in E237Q. Azide, acetate and formate but not halides restored catalytic activity up to 300-fold in E237Q under conditions in which the deglucosylation step was rate-determining, and promoted production of the corresponding alpha-glucosides. In situ proton NMR studies of the chemical rescue of E237Q by acetate and formate revealed that enzymatically formed alpha-glucose 1-esters decomposed spontaneously via acyl group migration and hydrolysis. Using pH profiles of kcat/K(m), the pH dependences of kinetically isolated glucosylation and deglucosylation steps were analysed for wild-type and E237Q. Glucosylation of the wild-type proceeded optimally above and below apparent pK(a) values of about 5.6 and 7.2 respectively whereas deglucosylation was dependent on the apparent single ionization of a group of pK(a) approximately 5.8 that must be deprotonated for reaction. Glucosylation of E237Q was slowed below apparent pK(a) approximately 6.0 but had lost the high pH dependence of the wild-type. Deglucosylation of E237Q was pH-independent. The results allow unequivocal assignment of Glu237 as the catalytic acid-base of sucrose phosphorylase. They support a mechanism in which the pK(a) of Glu237 cycles between approximately 7.2 in free enzyme and approximately 5.8 in glucosyl enzyme intermediate, ensuring optimal participation of the glutamate residue side chain at each step in catalysis. Enzyme deglucosylation to an anionic nucleophile took place with Glu237 protonated or unprotonated. The results delineate how conserved active-site groups of retaining glycoside hydrolases can accommodate enzymatic function of a phosphorylase.
Effects of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Dulaglutide on the Structure of the Exocrine Pancreas of Cynomolgus Monkeys (2015)

Clinical and nonclinical studies have implicated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effect that dulaglutide, an approved GLP-1 receptor agonist, has on the exocrine pancreas. Dulaglutide 8.15 mg/kg (approximately 500 times the maximum recommended human dose based on plasma exposure) was administered twice weekly for 12 months to cynomolgus monkeys. Serum amylase and lipase activities were measured and 6 sections of each pancreas were examined microscopically. Ductal epithelial cell proliferation was estimated using Ki67 labeling. Dulaglutide administration did not alter serum amylase or lipase activities measured at the end of treatment compared to control values. An extensive histologic evaluation of the pancreas revealed no changes in the acinar or endocrine portions and no evidence of pancreatitis, necrosis, or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. An increase in goblet cells noted in 4 of the 19 treated monkeys was considered an effect of dulaglutide but was not associated with dilation, blockage, or accumulation of mucin in the pancreatic duct. There was no difference in cell proliferation in ductal epithelium between control and dulaglutide-treated monkeys. These data reveal that chronic dosing of nondiabetic primates with dulaglutide does not induce inflammatory or preneoplastic changes in exocrine pancreas.
Twig: Profile-Guided BTB Prefetching for Data Center Applications (2021)

Modern data center applications have deep software stacks, with instruction footprints that are orders of magnitude larger than typical instruction cache (I-cache) sizes. To efficiently prefetch instructions into the I-cache despite large application footprints, modern server-class processors implement a decoupled frontend with Fetch Directed Instruction Prefetching (FDIP). In this work, we first characterize the limitations of a decoupled frontend processor with FDIP and find that FDIP suffers from significant Branch Target Buffer (BTB) misses. We also find that existing techniques (e.g., stream prefetchers and predecoders) are unable to mitigate these misses, as they rely on an incomplete understanding of a program’s branching behavior.
Habitual Snorers and Sleep Apnoics Have Abnormal Vascular Reactions of the Soft Palatal Mucosa on Afferent Nerve Stimulation (1998)

A local disturbance in the afferent nerves involved in the reflexogenic dilation of the upper airways (UAs) could contribute to the increased collapsibility seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring, combined with electrical stimulation, is a method for investigating the afferent nerve regulation of the microcirculation. It was used in the mucosa of the soft palate in 35 patients with various degrees of UA obstruction and in 13 control subjects, all nonsmoking men. In a majority of snorers and patients with mild OSA, stimulation induced an exaggerated vasodilation, compared with controls. In contrast, in patients with severe OSA, the vasodilation was significantly reduced, compared with controls. These signs of disturbances in the microcirculation support the hypothesis of a local progressive afferent nerve lesion in heavy snorers with or without OSA.