gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Expurgated PPM to Indoor Visible Light Communications - Part II: Access Networks (2013)

Providing network access for multiple users in a visible light communication (VLC) system that utilizes white light emitting diodes (LED) as sources requires new networking techniques adapted to the lighting features. In this paper we introduce two multiple access techniques using expurgated PPM (EPPM) that can be implemented using LEDs and support lighting features such as dimming. Multilevel symbols are used to provide M-ary signaling for multiple users using multilevel EPPM (MEPPM). Using these multiple-access schemes we are able to control the optical peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in the system, and hereby control the dimming level. In the first technique, the M-ary data of each user is first encoded using an optical orthogonal code (OOC) assigned to the user, and the result is fed into a EPPM encoder to generate a multilevel signal. The second multiple access method uses sub-sets of the EPPM constellation to apply MEPPM to the data of each user. While the first approach has a larger Hamming distance between the symbols of each user, the latter can provide higher bit-rates for users in VLC systems using bandwidth-limited LEDs.
Lens centering using edge contact mounting (2019)

This paper introduces a new type of drop-in technique used to center passively and accurately lenses in optical mounts. This novel lens mounting method is called edge contact mounting and uses the edge at the intersection of the cylindrical and optical surface of the lens as the mounting interface. By providing a spherical mounting seat for the lens on a simple standard threaded ring, it is possible to center accurately lenses of different geometries, diameters and radius of curvatures. The method allows to relax some manufacturing tolerances compared to rim contact drop-in and is not subject to a minimum clamping angle as for the surface contact mounting. This innovative lens mounting method allows to extend the centering accuracy offered by passive lens centering methods to a next level without compromise on cost and complexity.
Probabilistic Inference on Twitter Data to Discover Suspicious Users and Malicious Content (2016)

While the power of social media on the Internet is undeniable, it has become a major weapon for launching cyberattacks against an organization and its people. Today, there is a growing number of cyberattacks being launched through social media such as posting of false content from hacked accounts, posting malicious URLs to spread malware, and others. In this paper, we present a simple and flexible unified framework called SocialKB for modeling social media posts and reasoning about them to ascertain their veracity, a first step towards discovering emerging cyber threats. SocialKB is based on Markov Logic Networks (MLNs), a popular representation in statistical relational learning. It learns a knowledge base (KB) on the social media posts and users' behavior in a unified manner. By conducting probabilistic inference on the KB, SocialKB can identify suspicious users and malicious content. In this work, we specifically focus on tweets posted by users on Twitter. Finally, we report an evaluation of SocialKB on 20,000 tweets and discuss our early inference results.
Feature selection for unsupervised discovery of statistical temporal structures in video (2004)

In this paper, we present algorithms for automatic feature selection for of structure discovery from video sequences. Feature selection in this scenario is hard because of the absence of class labels to evaluate against, and the temporal correlation among samples that prevents the direct estimation of posterior probabilities of the cluster given the sequence. The overall problem of structure discovery is formulated as simultaneously finding the statistical descriptions of structure and locating segments that matches the descriptions. Under Markov assumptions among events, structures in the video are modelled with hierarchical hidden Markov models, with efficient algorithms to jointly learn the model parameters and the optimal model complexity. Feature selection iterates between a wrapper step that partitions the large feature pool into consistent subsets, and a filter step that eliminate redundancy within these subsets, respectively. The feature subsets are then ranked according to the normalized Bayesian Information criteria, and the learning results from these ranked subsets can be evaluated and interpreted by a human observer. Results on soccer and baseball videos show that the automatically selected feature set coincides with those selected with domain knowledge and intuition, while achieving a correspondence comparable to that of supervised learning against manually labelled ground truth.
High-throughput, high-resolution X-ray phase contrast tomographic microscopy for visualisation of soft tissue (2009)

The use of conventional absorption based X-ray microtomography can become limited for samples showing only very weak absorption contrast. However, a wide range of samples studied in biology and materials science can produce significant phase shifts of the X-ray beam, and thus the use of the phase signal can provide substantially increased contrast and therefore new and otherwise inaccessible information. The application of two approaches for high-throughput, high-resolution X-ray phase contrast tomography, both available on the TOMCAT beamline of the SLS, is illustrated. Differential Phase Contrast (DPC) imaging uses a grating interferometer and a phase-stepping technique. It has been integrated into the beamline environment on TOMCAT in terms of the fast acquisition and reconstruction of data and the availability to scan samples within an aqueous environment. The second phase contrast approach is a modified transfer of intensity approach that can yield the 3D distribution of the phase (refractive index) of a weakly absorbing object from a single tomographic dataset. These methods are being used for the evaluation of cell integrity in 3D, with the specific aim of following and analyzing progressive cell degeneration to increase knowledge of the mechanistic events of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
The Pipe Separator - Simulations and Experimental Results (2008)

Abstract This article presents the conceptual design of a pipe separator, the multiphase model of the coupled reservoir-production network and experimental results from large scale multiphase experiments carried out in StatoilHydro's multiphase test rig. An application of the pipe separator tied in to the Troll B Floating Production Unit (FPU) has been studied by StatoilHydro and FMC and is used to exemplify the pipe separator's applications and benefits. Introduction The pipe separator concept is a novel compact separator principle patented by Hydro. The primary use of the pipe separator is as a subsea separator for bulk water knock out and or for low pressure production. The separator is in the latter case combined with subsea pumps. The pipe separator concept utilizes the effect of a small diameter and a short residence time. The small pipe diameter leads to a short transport distance for the water and oil, thus the separation is efficient. Due to the difference in flow speed of the oil and water phase, a shear force is developed in the interface area that breaks down emulsion of oil and water. Accumulation of emulsion in the separator is not an issue because the pipe has a horizontal flow. The pipe separator concept has been studied for the use for low pressure production (LPP) located subsea and tied in to the Troll B floating production platform (FPU) on the Troll oil and gas field. The separated water was planned to be used for water injection (WI) into the Troll reservoir for pressure support and stabilization of the oil column while the commingled oil and gas stream is pumped to the Troll B topside process facilities by means of a multiphase pump (MPP). The lowered pressure in the pipe separator is achieved by. means of the MPP, that maintains a reduced receiving pressure at the sea bottom by pumping the commingled oil and gas flow to the topside 1st stage separator. The reduced receiving pressure increases oil recovery since the differential pressure between the well head and the reservoir is reduced. Other beneficial effects of the reduced well head pressure are: increased regularity, accelerated production and a more robust system for reservoir uncertainties. The pipe separator concept has been developed to a pre-engineering maturity for the Troll B use. A significant experimental test program has been carried out using live crude under pressure in a pressurized scaled test rig. The experimental set up, key findings and some key learning points from the experiments are described in the article. Section two in this article contains a brief description of the Troll field. Section three presents the pipe separator concept used together with the Troll B floating production platform, section four presents the results from the multiphase simulations executed on a coupled reservoir-production network utilizing the coupled Eclipse-FlowManager simulator. Section five outlines the experimental set-up and section six presents the experimental results from the tests carried out on the multiphase test rig. The last section contains some key learning from the project.
Reduced reflectance cathode for organic light-emitting devices using metalorganic mixtures (2003)

Conductive light-absorbing layers made of mixtures of metals and organic materials are used as cathodes in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Devices utilizing the reduced reflectance cathode, named Black Cathode™ OLEDs, demonstrate enhanced contrast even in high ambient illumination. OLEDs with a cathode made of a mixture of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), Mg and Ag, or a mixture of Alq3 and Ag are addressed. Optical reflectance and absorption measurements as well as OLED electrical characterization tests are performed on various Black Cathode OLEDs and also on reference device with standard Mg:Ag cathode. The studied Black Cathode OLEDs demonstrate ∼9%–12% sun/eye-integrated reflectance (SEIR), ∼8× lower than that of the reference device, while device turn-on voltage and stability are comparable. In modified Black Cathode OLEDs, ∼1.8% SEIR has been recently realized.
Application of a phase-SLM and low-pass Fourier filtering to generate spatial patterns simultaneously modulated in phase and amplitude (2007)

Holographic data storage systems convert several bits of information into data pages, and record them in the form of holograms. The data to be stored is usually displayed as a binary pattern by an amplitude modulation spatial light modulator (SLM). For practical reasons, the Fourier transform of the SLM pattern is recorded in the hologram in most cases. In order to avoid the unfavourable effects of high intensity peaks, characteristic to such Fourier transforms, the SLM pattern should also be modulated in phase. We studied the behaviour of the method by simulations, and verified its operation experimentally.
Advanced coal liquefaction research: Technical progress report, January 1, 1987-March 31, 1987 (1987)

This report describes the work performed by Energy International during the first quarter of 1987. Most of this work involved using a larger microautoclave reactor. Studies were made of the effect of the size of the coal charge on conversion and product yield reproducibility using Powhatan No. 6 Mine and Illinois No. 6 coals. Good coal conversion and product yield reproducibility for duplicate runs were obtained after minor modifications were made to the product workup technique. The experimental program using 50/sup 0/F distillate fractions of process solvent obtained from the GR and DC P-99 SRC-II PDU has been completed. Initial results indicate that all six distillates are essentially equal as hydrogen donor solvents. A sample of Wilsonville SRC deashed oil was received and distilled into two distillate fractions: 650 to 850/sup 0/F. A 3 x 3 factorial design of experiments with replicates of the corner and center points (14 runs total) will be made with the 850 to 1005/sup 0/F distillate cut using Illinois No. 6 coal. EI will perform the coal liquefaction runs in its 105 ml microautoclave reactor. 2 refs., 6 figs., 24 tabs.
Investigation of a compact DOI-PET system for small animal imaging (2004)

In this work, we experimentally investigate the resolution performance characteristics of a compact small-animal DOI-PET system. Conceptual design of this system employs sixteen 8/spl times/8 LSO/LYSO dual-layer DOI block detectors, with individual 2.1/spl times/2.1/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ crystals. These detectors are arranged to form a 5 cm-radius detector ring to yield an intended 4.8 cm-radius field-of-view (FOV). As expected, our measurements reveal significant resolution degradation outside the center of the FOV due to a significant level of parallax errors arising from the proposed compact geometry. This resolution degradation, however, can be substantially reduced by use of an analytical sinogram restoration technique to yield uniform spatial resolution inside the FOV. This technique is computationally efficient; it can be incorporated as an integral part of a PET imager to achieve high-performance in a cost-effective manner.
Stabilizing the Optimal Carrier Concentration for High Thermoelectric Efficiency (2011)

The band structure of PbTe can be manipulated by alloying with MgTe to control the band degeneracy. This is used to stabilize the optimal carrier concentration, making it less temperature dependent, demonstrating a new strategy to improve overall thermoelectric efficiency over a broad temperature range.
Associative Holographic Memory with Feedback Using Phase Conjugate Mirrors (1986)

Associative memories and associative processing have many applications in symbolic and parallel computing. 1 Optical schemes, in particular those based on holographic principles, are well suited to associative processing because of their high parallelism and storage capacity. Previous workers 2 have demonstrated that holographically stored images can be recalled using relatively complicated reference images, but did not utilize nonlinear feedback to reduce the cross-talk which results when multiple images are stored and a partial or distorted input is used in addressing the memory. These earlier approaches were limited in their ability to reconstruct an image from a set of partial input images.
Amino(oligo)thiophene-Based Environmentally Sensitive Biomembrane Chromophores (2008)

There is a growing need for cellular imaging with fluorescent probes that emit at longer wavelengths to minimize the effects of absorption, autofluorescence, and scattering from biological tissue. In this paper a series of new environmentally sensitive hemicyanine dyes featuring amino(oligo)thiophene donors have been synthesized via aldol condensation between a 4-methylpyridinium salt and various amino(oligo)thiophene carboxaldehydes, which were, in turn, obtained from amination of bromo(oligo)thiophene carboxaldehyde. Side chains on these fluorophores impart a strong affinity for biological membranes. Compared with benzene analogues, these thiophene fluorophores show significant red shift in the absorption and emission spectra, offering compact red and near-infrared emitting fluorophores. More importantly, both the fluorescence quantum yields and the emission peaks are very sensitive to various environmental factors such as solvent polarity or viscosity, membrane potential, and membrane composition. These chromophores also exhibit strong nonlinear optical properties, including two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation, which are themselves environmentally sensitive. The combination of long wavelength fluorescence and nonlinear optical properties make these chromophores very suitable for applications that require sensing or imaging deep inside tissues.
Novel synthetic bis-indolic derivatives with antistaphylococcal activity, including against MRSA and VISA strains (2015)

We have synthesized and characterized novel bis-indole derivatives as promising candidates for the development of new antistaphylococcal treatments, with preserved activity against MDR S. aureus strains.
Cement to formation bond strength evaluation using image analysis (2021)

For inventing improved cements for effective zonal isolation, it is important to evaluate the bond strength of the cement. We have designed an experiment to assess the cement bond strength based on the flow of cement through the formation. The experiment involves quantitative analysis on a sequence of slices from X-ray Computed Tomography scans to study the change in porosity from the cement end to the formation end in a composite specimen. The number of slices where the change in porosity occur is used to estimate the bond strength of the cement. Our observations show that cement-to-formation bond strength depends on the permeability of the formation at the interface if we keep other physical (rock sample preparation methods, cement curing and measurement conditions), and chemical (cement additives) factors constant.
High-Temperature Piezoelectric Ceramic Developed (2005)

Active combustion control of spatial and temporal variations in the local fuel-to-air ratio is of considerable interest for suppressing combustion instabilities in lean gas turbine combustors and, thereby, achieving lower NOx levels. The actuator for fuel modulation in gas turbine combustors must meet several requirements: (1) bandwidth capability of 1000 Hz, (2) operating temperature compatible with the fuel temperature, which is in the vicinity of 400 F, (3) stroke of approximately 4 mils (100 m), and (4) force of 300 lb-force. Piezoelectric actuators offer the fastest response time (microsecond time constants) and can generate forces in excess of 2000 lb-force. The state-of-the-art piezoceramic material in industry today is Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, called PZT. This class of piezoelectric ceramic is currently used in diesel fuel injectors and in the development of high-response fuel modulation valves. PZT materials are generally limited to operating temperatures of 250 F, which is 150 F lower than the desired operating temperature for gas turbine combustor fuel-modulation injection valves. Thus, there is a clear need to increase the operating temperature range of piezoceramic devices for active combustion control in gas turbine engines.
Serogrouping single colonies of beta-hemolytic streptococci from primary throat culture plates with nitrous acid extraction and Phadebact streptococcal reagents (1980)

The serogrouping of isolated beta-hemolytic streptococcal colonies from throat cultures by a micronitrous acid extraction method employing Phadebact Streptotoccus Test reagents was compared with results obtained with the direct-plate Phadebact procedure and the autoclave and Streptomyces albus enzyme-lysozyme extraction methods. These data were compared with those from the Lancefield grouping obtained with a capillary precipitin test. The micronitrous acid extraction method was modified to yield an uncomplicated method that provides specific coagglutination responses from one beta-hemolytic streptococcal colony that may be collected from a primary blood agar plate either on the end of an applicator stick or from a sweep of an inoculating loop from mixed growth.
Vibration diagnosing method and apparatus for a rotary machine (1985)

First Page
ORIGINAL ARTICLES—ALIMENTARY TRACT Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular Characterization of Familial Eosinophilic Esophagitis Compared With Sporadic Cases (2008)

Background & Aims: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) occurs in families. Methods: Record review confirmed patient kinship and provided clinical information. Slide review confirmed the diagnosis (threshold peak number >24 eosinophils/high-power field). Results: Fifty-nine members (41 males, 18 females) of 26 families were 3 months to 47 years of age (mean age, 10.3 y) at diagnosis. The only recorded race was Caucasian. In 4 families a parent of an affected male had EE. The most common complaint at diagnosis was dysphagia (68% of patients). Endoscopy showed esophageal mucosal furrows (93% of patients) and exudates (44%). Fifty-one percent had asthma. Skin prick tests to food and aeroallergens were positive in 76% and 71%, respectively. Familial EE characteristics (clinical, endoscopic, pathologic, and global esophageal transcript expression profile analysis) were similar to sporadic EE, except among patients with mucosal furrows: familial patients had lower peak eosinophil counts in the distal esophagus (P .03) compared with sporadic patients. The basic characteristics of EE (eg, eosinophil levels, rate of atopy) did not vary with patient age. By using genome-wide microarray analysis, no significant differences (P < .05, false-discovery rate) were observed between familial and sporadic EE. Among all patients, chest pain was more common in females (P .02), and thickened mucosa was more common in males (P .006). Conclusions: These data support a familial pattern of inheritance of EE and a pathogenesis shared with sporadic EE. EE should be considered in symptomatic family members of patients who have EE.
On Acoustic Feedback Cancellation Using Probe Noise in Multiple-Microphone and Single-Loudspeaker Systems (2012)

A probe noise signal can be used in an acoustic feedback cancellation system to prevent biased adaptive estimation of acoustic feedback paths. However, practical experiences and simulation results indicate that whenever a low-level and inaudible probe noise signal is used, the convergence rate of the adaptive estimation is significantly decreased when keeping the steady-state error unchanged. The goal of this work is to derive analytic expressions for the system behavior such as convergence rate and steady-state error for a multiple-microphone and single-loudspeaker audio system, where the acoustic feedback cancellation is carried out using a probe noise signal. The derived results show how different system parameters and signal properties affect the cancellation performance, and the results explain theoretically the decreased convergence rate. Understanding this is important for making further improvements in the existing probe noise approach.
Microbial Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide with Anaerobically Digested Municipal Sewage Biosolids as Electron Donors (1995)

A concentrated stream of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced by regeneration of the sorbent in certain new regenerable processes for the desulfurization of flue gas. We have previously proposed that this SO2 can be converted to elemental sulfur for disposal or byproduct recovery using a microbial/Claus process. In this process, two-thirds of the SO2-reducing gas stream would be contacted with a mixed culture containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), where SO2 would act as an electron acceptor with reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This H2S could then be recombined with the remaining SO2 and sent to a Claus unit to produce elemental sulfur. The sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, has been immobilized by coculture with flocforming heterotrophs from an anaerobic digester, resulting in a SO2-reducing floc that may be collected from the effluent of a continuous reactor for recycle by gravity sedimentation. The carbon and energy source for these cultures was anaerobically digested municipal sewage solids. The maximum specific activity for SO2 reduction in these cultures, in terms of dry weight of D. desulfuricans biomass, was 9.1 mmol of SO2/h.g. The stoichiometry with respect to the electron donor was 15.5 mg of soluble COD/mmol of SO2 reduced.