gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Synthesis of Dendritic Platinum Nanoshells Templated on Benzene Nanodroplets Stabilized in Water by a Photocatalytic Lipoporphyrin (2006)

Nanoscale metal shells have many potential uses and in some applications offer significant advantages over nanoparticles. The synthesis of platinum nanoshells using stabilized nanodroplets of benzene in water as growth templates is described; the nanodroplets are stabilized by a surfactant-like tin(IV)-porphyrin complex localized at the benzene-water interface. The porphyrin also acts as a photocatalyst that reduces the platinum complex and deposits metal onto the nanodroplets to form dendritic metal nanoshells. Below the solubility limit of benzene in water, the lipoporphyrin-stabilized nanodroplets have a reproducible number, size distribution, and surface area, which allows the thickness of the platinum shell walls to be controlled by changing the amount of platinum complex. Nanoscale platinum shells with magnetic interiors can be made by dispersing Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the benzene nanodroplets.
Systemic administration of a novel octapeptide, amylin-(1—8), increases bone volume in male mice (2000)

Amylin increases bone mass when administered systemically to mice. However, because of its size, the full peptide is not an ideal candidate for the therapy of osteoporosis. The fragment, amylin-(1---8), stimulates osteoblast proliferation in vitro, although it is without effect on carbohydrate metabolism. The present study assessed the effects of daily administration of this peptide on sexually mature male mice for 4 wk. Amylin-(1---8) almost doubled histomorphometric indices of osteoblast activity but did not change measures of bone resorption. Trabecular bone volume increased by 36% as a result of increases in both trabecular number and trabecular thickness, and tibial cortical width increased by 8%. On three-point bending tests of bone strength, displacement to fracture was increased by amylin-(1---8), from 0.302 +/- 0.013 to 0.351 +/- 0. 017 mm (P = 0.02). In a separate experiment using dynamic histomorphometry with bone-seeking fluorochrome labels, amylin-(1---8) was administered by local injection over the calvariae of female mice. Amylin-(1---8) (40 nM) increased the double-labeled surface threefold. The effect was dose dependent from 0.4 to 40 nM and was greater than that of an equimolar dose of human parathyroid hormone-(1---34) [hPTH-(1---34)]. Mineral apposition rate was increased by 40 nM amylin-(1---8) but not by hPTH-(1---34). Amylin-(1---8) thus has significant anabolic effects in vivo, suggesting that this peptide or analogs of it should be further evaluated as potential therapies for osteoporosis.
Experimental evaluation of a yokeless permanent magnet (1990)

A recently developed theory of yokeless permanent magnets allows the design of magnetic structures capable of generating intense and uniform fields confined to arbitrarily assigned regions of space. A structure of particular interest for clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a magnet designed around a prismatic cavity of square cross section. A laboratory scale model of such a magnet has been constructed using ferrite as the magnetic material. This paper presents the results of a series of measurements of the magnet performance. In particular, the experimental results obtained with a thin magnet section are correlated with the theoretical model and the effects of the material and construction tolerances are analyzed.
Abstract 2392: CDX-527: A novel bispecific immune-modulating antibody targeting CD27 and PD-L1 (2019)

Abstract CD27 is a costimulatory molecule that provides a complementary target to the PD-1/PD-L1 axis on T cells. Combining a CD27 agonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has been shown to promote synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical models. In advanced cancer patients, the combination of the CD27 agonist mAb, varlilumab, with the PD-1 mAb, nivolumab, was generally well tolerated, induced strong biological effects, and led to sustained clinical responses in some patients that generally have low response rates to checkpoint inhibitors. We theorized that combining CD27 costimulation with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a bispecific antibody (bsAb) may provide greater immune activating properties than combining the individual mAbs due to enhanced CD27 activation by crosslinking through PD-L1 in addition to Fc receptors. To test this approach, we developed CDX-527, a tetravalent human anti-CD27/PD-L1 IgG1 bsAb. CDX-527 inhibits PD-1 signaling in vitro in a manner similar to clinically approved PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. CDX-527 also elicits potent T cell costimulation through PD-L1 crosslinking as measured by cytokine induction and cell proliferation, whereas the PD-L1 or CD27 parental antibodies show no significant activity. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, CDX-527 is more potent than the combination of the parental antibodies, suggesting that cross-linking through both Fc receptors and PD-L1 results in enhanced CD27 agonist activity. In human CD27 transgenic mice, we observed that antigen-specific T cell responses to a vaccine in vivo are significantly more enhanced with a surrogate CD27/PD-L1 bsAb than with either individual antibody. Furthermore, the surrogate bsAb exhibits greater antitumor activity than the combination of the parental antibodies in a syngeneic lymphoma model. Taken together, these results suggest that the enhanced activity of CDX-527 can be attributed to more efficient cross-linking of the bispecific antibody acting on the CD27 receptor, resulting in stronger T cell activation, combined with efficient PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, providing a novel approach to immunotherapy of cancers. We have initiated development activities for CDX-527 including a pilot study in cynomolgus macaques to investigate the PK and PD properties and provide guidance for the design of a GLP toxicology study. Citation Format: Laura A. Vitale, Lawrence J. Thomas, Thomas O'Neill, Jenifer Widger, Laura Mills-Chen, Andrea Crocker, Colleen Patterson, Anna Wasiuk, Eric Forsberg, James Boyer, Crystal Sisson, Jeffrey Weidlick, Shannon Renn-Bingham, Ioannis Papayannopoulos, Russ Hammond, Joel Goldstein, Henry C. Marsh, Tibor Keler, Li-Zhen He. CDX-527: A novel bispecific immune-modulating antibody targeting CD27 and PD-L1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2392.
Molecular and Biological Compatibility with Host Alpha-Synuclein Influences Fibril Pathogenicity (2016)

The accumulation and propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a central feature of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Molecular compatibility between a fibrillar seed and its native protein state is a major determinant of amyloid self-replication. We show that cross-seeded aggregation of human (Hu) and mouse (Ms) α-Syn is bidirectionally restricted. Although fibrils formed by Hu-Ms-α-Syn chimeric mutants can overcome this inhibition in cell-free systems, sequence homology poorly predicts their efficiency in inducing α-Syn pathology in primary neurons or after intracerebral injection into wild-type mice. Chimeric α-Syn fibrils demonstrate enhanced or reduced pathogenicities compared with wild-type Hu- or Ms-α-Syn fibrils. Furthermore, α-Syn mutants induced to polymerize by fibrillar seeds inherit the functional properties of their template, suggesting that transferable pathogenic and non-pathogenic states likely influence the initial engagement between exogenous α-Syn seeds and endogenous neuronal α-Syn. Thus, transmission of synucleinopathies is regulated by biological processes in addition to molecular compatibility.
Self-aligned-gate GaN-HEMTs with heavily-doped n<sup>&#x002B;</sup>-GaN ohmic contacts to 2DEG (2012)

We report record DC and RF performance obtained in deeply-scaled self-aligned-gate GaN-HEMTs with heavily-doped n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -GaN ohmic contacts to two-dimensional electron-gas (2DEG). High density-of-states of three-dimensional (3D) n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -GaN source near the gate mitigates “source-starvation,” resulting in a dramatic increase in a maximum drain current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dmax</sub> ) and a transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ). 20-nm-gate D-mode HEMTs with a 40-nm gate-source (and gate-drain) distance exhibited a record-low R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 0.23 Ω·mm, a record-high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dmax</sub> of >4 A/mm, and a broad g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> curve of >1 S/mm over a wide range of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> from 0.5 to 3.5 A/mm. Furthermore, 20-nm-gate E-mode HEMTs with an increased L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> of 70 nm demonstrated a simultaneous f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 342/518 GHz with an off-state breakdown voltage of 14V.
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION CHANNEL WITH RETRANSMISSIONS (1997)

The need for multiple access strategies arises whenever a number of users have to share a communication resource, since it is usually either cost prohibitive or impractical to dedicate a communication channel to a particular user. A need for such algorithms arises in many instances, particularly in applications utilizing wireless systems where all users access a common channel or medium. Such random access techniques as ALOHA and slotted ALOHA have been successfully implemented in a number of wireless applications. One of the major drawbacks of these algorithms is the necessity of a return path from the central station to each system user, which makes their use both inefficient and expensive for applications where one-way communication would suffice. For such applications, a need remained for a random access algorithm which can maximize the probability of successful message transmission in a one-way communication environment. A random access technique that addresses the above-mentioned need is developed. With this technique, each user sends an original message of predetermined length to a central receiver. The user then retransmits the message a specified number of times in a predetermined interval reserved for the retransmission process. The time interval between each successive retransmission of a given message is random. Assuming total annihilation of all colliding messages, the expression for the probability of successful transmission of a given message in terms of the major channel parameters is theoretically formulated. This technique offers a significant improvement, compared to a single transmission, in ensuring that a message is successfully received. The actual message collision dynamics in this system are experimentally studied using two different types of direct-sequence spread spectrum receivers, one employing a sliding correlator and the other using a matched filter. The spreading code in such systems offers extra protection for messages against possible interferers. The results indicate that it is often possible to properly receive a given message in the presence of co-channel interferers, thus significantly improving the overall system performance. These results are subsequently incorporated with the propagation data for several different types of microcells to arrive at a more precise theory of the link.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and renin inhibition (1989)

Over a period of several years, methods of measuring circulating angiotensin II have been progressively improved and it has now become possible to measure circulating angiotensin II with a high degree of accuracy. The main ingredients in this new methodology are bonded-phase silica for quantitative angiotensin extraction from biological fluids and antibodies with a high affinity to angiotensin II to provide for the sensitivity of the radio-immunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography to guarantee the specificity for the angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide, and a renin inhibitor in the blood sampling tube to prevent any in vitro angiotensin II generation. With this new methodology it can be demonstrated that after the first administration of a full dose of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, plasma angiotensin II virtually disappears from the circulation, whereas with chronic administration which induces a marked increase in renin secretion and thereby in angiotensin I levels, angiotensin II clearly remains present in plasma at peak inhibition, though at a much lower level than before ACE inhibition. Plasma angiotensin II levels were decreased equally and dose-dependently by the administration of two renin inhibitors, CGP 38560A and A64662. However, in man these compounds have so far only been tested with single administration. In conclusion, the measurement of plasma angiotensin II equally reflects the degree of ACE and renin inhibition, and is therefore the only logical approach to evaluation of the efficacy and potency of ACE inhibitors and renin antagonists.
Near-Infrared Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurements of Ultrathin Films. 2. Fourier Transform SPR Spectroscopy (1999)

The application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to the study of ultrathin organic films adsorbed onto gold surfaces utilizing near-infrared (NIR) excitation from a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer is described. The FT-SPR experiment measures the NIR reflectivity spectrum from a prism/gold film/water assembly at a fixed angle of incidence approximately 1−2° greater than the critical angle. A strong reflectivity minimum is observed in the FT-SPR spectrum; this minimum can be shifted from 12 000 to 6000 cm-1 by tuning the angle of incidence. Upon adsorption of a thin biopolymer film from solution, a shift in the minimum is observed that can be correlated to a film thickness using Fresnel calculations. From experiments on the adsorption of electrostatically bound poly(lysine)/poly(glutamic acid) multilayers, an ∼60-cm-1 shift per 10-Å change in film thickness was measured. Frequency shifts of 2 cm-1 (corresponding to a thickness change of the polymer layer of ∼0.3 Å) can be easily measured from the FT-SPR spectra, demonstrating that this technique has sensitivity equivalent to or better than other visible SPR angle shift or wavelength shift measurements. Furthermore, the ability to perform FT-SPR measurements over a wide range of NIR wavelengths allows one to avoid any absorption bands that might otherwise interfere with the analysis.
Multiple Reference Line Coding for Most Probable Modes in Intra Prediction (2019)

Intra-picture prediction as in HEVC exploits the nearest reference line adjacent to the current coding unit (CU) for prediction of samples. If this reference line represents a discontinuity, the reference samples in this reference line can differ to a large extent from the original samples and may lead to a large prediction error. We propose a multiple reference lines (MRLs) coding to allow not only the nearest reference line 0 but also reference lines 1 and 3 to be candidates for angular intra prediction as shown in Fig. 1. To reduce the complexity arising from additional lines to be checked at encoder side, we further propose to restrict the MRL to angular most probable modes (MPMs) only. The MRL coding signals the reference line index before the intra prediction mode. This allows to not signal the MPM flag of the current CU and implicitly derive it as true when a non-zero reference line index is signaled. Experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed MRL coding on top of the VVC test model VTM-2.0.1. 26 test sequences in different categories, including 4k, 1080p, 720p, WVGA, WQVGA resolutions and screen contents are tested. Two coding structures are evaluated, all intra (AI) and random access (RA). The objective coding efficiency is measured in terms of Bjøntegaard Delta (BD) rate (%) computed using four rate/PSNR points that were generated by using quantization parameters 22, 27, 32 and 37. Lower (negative) BD-rate implies better compression rate. Table 1 shows that the presented MRL provides 0.46% bitrate savings for an all-intra and 0.2% for a random-access configuration on average. Furthermore, it provides 1.45% bitrate reduction for screen content test sequences, which are representing an increasingly important video application. Because of a fairly good trade-off between coding efficiency and complexity, the proposed MRL coding mode with MPM restriction was adopted into the current VVC draft standard.
Record Low-Loss 1.3dB/km Data Transmitting Antiresonant Hollow Core Fibre (2018)

We report fabrication of a Nested Antiresonant Nodeless hollow-core Fibre (NANF) with a minimum loss of 1.3dB/km at 1450nm and a 65nm bandwidth below 1.5dB/km. The 0.5-km long fibre is effectively single moded and is shown capable of data transmission.
Spacecraft Spin Stabilization Using a Transverse Wheel for Any Inertia Ratio (1999)

Hughes Space and Communications Company recently launched the e rst of a series of satellites featuring a patented control strategy capable of stabilizing spin about a given spacecraft axis, regardless of spin-to-transverse inertia ratio. The control system, which functions during the ascent phase of the mission, makes use of on-station control hardware, a gyro and a transverse reaction wheel, to stabilize spin. This is believed to be the e rst instance of stabilization of spin with arbitrary inertia ratio using a single transverse wheel. For stability reasons, these satellites are the e rst Hughes satellites to spin negatively in transfer orbit. It is paradoxical that, for some inertia ratios, negative spin can be stabilized when positive spin cannot. Note that, in such cases, even the negative spin, though stable, may be technically uncontrollable at one point in the mission. The history of active spin control is discussed, and some global principles for spin stabilization using a single wheel are established. Theory, design, and e ight experience of the Hughes active spin controller are presented and contrasted to prior solutions. Finally, ground simulations and e ight telemetry are presented and compared.
SERODS: A New Principle for High-Density Optical Data Storage (1994)

SERODS is a new technology for high-density optical disk storage based on the surface-enhanced Raman effect. (1) The SERODS technology is based on the principle that the enhanced light-emitting properties of certain molecules embedded in an optical medium can be altered at the molecular level to store information. When they are close to a rough metal surface, certain molecules emit a strongly enhanced light called surface-enhance Raman light which is characteristic of their vibrations. Normal Raman signals are generally very weak and cannot be easily detected. The enhanced emission is due to the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) effect, which can enhance the Raman signal up to 10 8 times.
CAPACITANCE BASED TUNA LE MICROMECHANICAL RESONATORS (1995)

We present actuators which tune the resonant frequency of micromechanical oscillators. Experimental results show resonant oscillations from 7.7% to 146% of the original resonant frequency. Numerical results substantiate these results. Two failure modes have been identified which limit the range of tuning: the dielectric breakdown strength and electrostatically induced buckling. Techniques to predict the electromechanical stability are generalized to address failure modes of more conventional electrostatic actuators. Finally, in the case of the resonant frequency reduction actuator, at a particular bias voltage a bifurcation occurs which forms a double-well potential. Locally, this double-well potential behaves like a Duffing Oscillator.
1000-Cell Global Spectrum Management (2017)

This work studies centralized slow-timescale spectrum management in metropolitan area networks with a very large number of access points (APs) and user equipments (UEs). The joint spectrum allocation and user association problem is first formulated as a convex optimization problem with an exponential number of variables in the network size. A scalable reformulation is obtained by exploiting the geometric graph nature of the network and provable sparsity of the optimal solution. A pattern pursuit algorithm with low complexity is proposed to solve the reformulated problem with guaranteed gap to the global optimum. Efficient algorithms are developed to obtain near-optimal allocations for a network with up to 1000 APs and 2500 active users. Numerical results show that the proposed solution achieves significant gains in terms of delay and throughput over existing schemes and is within 7% to the global optimum in a typical scenario.
Vehicle Occupant Position Sensing (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Regardless of whether crash sensors are mounted in the crush zone or non-crush zone, there will always be crashes where the sensors trigger late and the occupant has moved to a position near to the airbag deployment cover where he or she may be injured by the deployment of the airbag. The required sensor triggering time is now determined by assuming that the occupant is a 50% male sitting in the mid seating position. 70% of vehicle occupants are smaller and, on average, sit closer to the airbag and thus are even more likely to be out-of-position. Finally, current sensor systems make no allowance for occupants that are wearing seatbelts, for rear facing child seats located on the front passenger seat or for unoccupied seats. There are thus strong safety reasons for occupant position sensors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the above problems, the difficulties in sensing occupants and objects located in the vehicle and attempts to define the requirements for such devices. It also presents some of the added benefits which will result from effective sensors which can characterize the contents of the vehicle such as heating, air conditioning and entertainment systems which adjust to vehicle occupants.</div>
An adaptive energy detection scheme using EMD for spectrum sensing (2017)

Noise estimation plays an essential role in enhancing the performance of non-coherent spectrum sensors such as energy detectors. If the noise energy is misestimated, detector performance may deteriorate. In this paper, we present an energy detector based on the behavior that Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) has on noise-only channels. EMD decomposes time-series signals into a finite set of components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The energy trend of these IMFs (modes) is used to determine the occupancy of a given channel of interest. The performance of the proposed EMD-based detector is evaluated for different noise levels and sample sizes. Further, a comparison is carried out with conventional spectrum sensing techniques to validate the efficacy of proposed detector and the results revealed that it outperforms the other sensing methods.