gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MiR‐455‐3p regulates early chondrogenic differentiation via inhibiting Runx2 (2015)

The expression of miR-455-3p has been shown to be up-regulated in chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell, but its role in different stages during chondrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that miR-455-3p is increased in ATDC5 cells from 0 d to 21 d, but rapidly decreases at 28 d, and a similar expression kinetic is detected in the development of mouse embryos. We show that miR-455-3p functions as an activator for early chondrogenic differentiation, most likely by inhibiting the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) as indicated by luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, miR-455-3p may activate early chondrogenesis by directly targeting Runx2.
Beyond the Cosmic Veil: Star and Planet Formation Research After SIRTF and NGST (2003)

How do planets form from circumstellar disks of gas and dust? What physical processes are responsible for determining the final masses of forming stars and ultimately the initial mass function (IMF)? The Hubble Space Telescope has made major contributions in helping to address these fundamental questions. In the next decade, the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) and the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) will build on this heritage in the near- to far-infrared. However several crucial questions will remain. We review recent progress made in star and planet formation with HST, summarize key science objectives for SIRTF and NGST, and suggest problems that would be uniquely suited to a large aperture UV/optical space-based telescope. We focus on studies that take advantage of high spatial resolution and the unique wavelength range not accessible from the ground such as: 1) circumstellar disk structure and composition (resolved images of dust and UV spectroscopy of gas); and 2) extreme populations of young stars in the local group (UV imaging and spectroscopy of massive star-forming regions). An 8m UV/O space telescope operating from 1100-6000 Angstroms over fields of view 4-10' and with spectroscopic capabilities from R = 3,000-10,000 down to < 1000 Angstroms would be a powerful tool for star and planet formation research.
HI2Rec: Exploring Knowledge in Heterogeneous Information for Movie Recommendation (2019)

Online movies' recommender systems aim to address the information explosion of movies and make the personalized recommendation for users. Recently, knowledge graphs have been proven to be highly effective to recommender systems, because they are able to fuse various recommendation models and can handle the issues of data sparsity and cold start to improve recommendation performance. However, less consideration is given to the information about the user's properties than the item's properties in the existing knowledge graph recommendation methods, which leads to some limitations in the recommendation results. In this paper, we propose HI2Rec, which integrates multiple information to learn the user's and item's vector representations for top-N recommendation to address the above-mentioned issues. We extract the movie-related information from the Linked Open Data and then leverage the knowledge representation learning approach to embed this information as well as real-world datasets' information of recommender systems to a unified vector space. These vector representations are further calculated to generate a preliminary recommendation list. Finally, we utilize a collaborative filter approach to generate a precision recommendation list. The experimental results on the real-world datasets demonstrate that HI2Rec gives substantial performance improvements against the state-of-the-art recommendation models.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Deaminative Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles to Primary Alcohols (2017)

Abstract The deaminative hydrogenation of nitriles towards alcohols is a useful reaction to transform nitriles into alcohols with NH 3 as the sole byproduct. Using the simple and robust RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 complex as a catalyst, at low H 2 pressures a series of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles could be transformed into the corresponding alcohols. Suitable solvent systems for these reactions were 1,4‐dioxane/water and EtOH/water mixtures. In most cases, the selectivity for the alcohols was excellent, and the corresponding amines were formed only in trace amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Berbamine Derivatives: A Novel Class of Compounds for anti‐Leukemia Activity. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Dual Role of Nrf2 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Regulation of Antioxidant Defenses and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism (2015)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease with ever-growing incidence in the industrialized world. It starts with the simple accumulation of lipids in the hepatocyte and can progress to the more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. There is increasing awareness that reactive oxygen species and electrophiles are implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a positive regulator of the expression of a battery of genes involved in the protection against oxidative/electrophilic stress. In rodents, Nrf2 is also known to participate in hepatic fatty acid metabolism, as a negative regulator of genes that promote hepatosteatosis. We review relevant evidence in the literature that these two mechanisms may contribute to the protective role of Nrf2 in the development of hepatic steatosis and in the progression to steatohepatitis, particularly in young animals. We propose that age may be a key to explain contradictory findings in the literature. In summary, Nrf2 mediates the crosstalk between lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms in experimental models of NAFLD, and the nutritional or pharmacological induction of Nrf2 represents a promising potential new strategy for its prevention and treatment.
An Extremely Thermostable Cellulase from the Thermophilic Eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus (1996)

An extracellular endo-β-1,4-glucanase purified from Rhodothermus marinus was active on carboxymethyl cellulose but not on Avicel, Sigmacell 10 cellulose, granular cellulose, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside, or 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-eellobioside. The hydrolysis products of carboxymethyl cellulose were glucose, cellobiose, and cellotriose, as well as a mixture of cellopentaose and larger oligosaccharides. The main degradation product of cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose was cellobiose. The apparent monomeric molecular weight was about 49,000, and the pH optimum was at 7.0. The enzyme is the most thermostable endocellulase reported to date, retaining 50% of its activity after 3.5 h at 100°C and 80% after 16 h at 90°C.
Development of a high-speed solenoid valve-investigation of the energizing circuits (1993)

The electrical circuits developed for the purpose of energizing the solenoid valve are examined. These circuits, called the dummy coil method, where energy stored in a dummy coil in the form of a magnetic field is transferred to an energizing solenoid, and the pre-energize method, where the solenoid is electrically energized in advance by taking advantage of the solenoid's attraction force characteristics, are discussed. The results of experiments show that the pre-energize method is highly effective in speeding up the operation of solenoid valves. These experimental results are discussed along with the results of calculations conducted using a mathematical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wind Power Prediction Based on LS-SVM Model with Error Correction (2017)

As conventional energy sources are non-renewable, the world's major countries are investing heavily in renewable energy research. Wind power represents the development trend of future energy, but the intermittent and volatility of wind energy are the main reasons that leads to the poor accuracy of wind power prediction. However, by analyzing the error level at different time points, it can be found that the errors of adjacent time are often approximately the same, the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) model with error correction is used to predict the wind power in this paper. According to the simulation of wind power data of two wind farms, the proposed method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of wind power, and the error distribution is concentrated almost without deviation. The improved method proposed in this paper takes into account the error correction process of the model, which improved the prediction accuracy of the traditional model (RBF, Elman, LS-SVM). Compared with the single LS-SVM prediction model in this paper, the mean absolute error of the proposed method had decreased by 52 percent. The research work in this paper will be helpful to the reasonable arrangement of dispatching operation plan, the normal operation of the wind farm and the large-scale development as well as fully utilization of renewable energy resources.
[Cultural factors in the theories of meridians and <i>zangfu</i> organs]. (2019)

It takes quite a long process in the formation of the relevant theories of meridians and <i>zangfu</i> organs and many cultural factors are involved in the development of these theories at different eras, e.g. "the five evolution and six climatic factors", "twelve as the representing number of universe", "twenty-eight stars", "three <i>yin</i> and three <i>yang</i>" and "ancient bureaucratic system". Some of the theories are not coincident with the clinical practice at present. By the influence of the doctrine as "the five evolution and six climatic factors", only eleven meridians were recorded in the early ancient literature. Due to the saying "twelve as the representing number of universe", twelve meridians were developed and the other related meridians classified into the categories as the collaterals and the extraordinary meridians. Because of the theory of three <i>yin</i> and three <i>yang</i>, it is understandable why the indications of the clinical practices are not correlated with the relevant theories of meridians and <i>zangfu</i> organs. For example, the indications of three <i>yang</i> meridians of hand are not related to the large intestine, the small intestine and <i>sanjiao</i>, and the corresponding acupoints in the treatment for the related disorders are located in the lower extremities. The ancient bureaucratic system had affected the understanding of the <i>zangfu</i> organs functions. For example, the heart is regarded as the monarch, protected by the pericardium. The hand-<i>jueyin</i> meridian-related cardiac disorders match with the pericardium. Hence, the cardiac disorders are treated by the acupoints of the hand-<i>jueyin</i> meridian rather than the hand-<i>shaoyin</i> meridian. In this paper, the cultural factors in the theories of meridians and <i>zangfu</i> organs are deeply analyzed and those factors that are not coincident with the present clinical practice are separated. The analytic results are significant to the future research on meridians and <i>zangfu</i> organs.
Deconvolution of Ultrasound Images (1992)

Based on physical models, it is indicated that the received pressure field in ultrasound B-mode images can be described by a convolution between a tissue reflection signal and the emitted pressure field. This result is used in a description of current image formation and in formulating a new processing scheme. The suggested estimator can take into account the dispersive attenuation, the temporal and spatial variation of the pulse, and the change in reflection strength and signal-to-noise ratio. Details of the algorithm and the estimation of parameters to be used are given. The performance is indicated by two examples. One is for a synthetic signal and the other is for data measured from a tissue mimicking phantom. The last example shows a finer speckle pattern, giving an increased resolution.
Exploiting selective excitation of strongly coupled modes to reduce DMGD in multi-mode transmission systems (2016)

By exploiting strong coupling in higher-order modes, we experimentally demonstrate reduced differential mode group delay by a factor of 3. Comparing LP02+LP21 with respect to LP01+LP11 3-mode transmission, a 27% reduction in equalizer length is shown after 53.4km MMF transmission.
Succinct Synthesis of β-Amino Acids via Chiral Isoxazolines (2005)

beta-Amino acids are important synthetic targets due to their presence in a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceutical agents, and mimics of protein structural motifs. While beta-amino acids containing geminal substitution patterns have enormous potential for application in these contexts, synthetic challenges to the stereoselective preparation of this class of compound have thus far limited more complete studies. We present here a straightforward method employing chiral isoxazolines as key intermediates to access five different beta-amino acid structural types with excellent selectivity. Of particular note is the use of this approach to prepare highly substituted cis-beta-proline analogues. The ready access to these diversely substituted compounds is expected to facilitate future studies of the structure and function of this important class of molecules.
Range of joint motion and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (2000)

Restricted joint mobility, especially in flexion of the knee and extension and external rotation of the hip, appears to be an important determinant of disability in patients with OA.
Decomposition and Reforming of Formic Acid on Supported Au Catalysts: Production of CO-Free H<sub>2</sub> (2011)

The vapor-phase decomposition of formic acid was studied over Au supported on various materials, with the aim of producing CO-free H2. With regards to the decomposition and H2 formation, Au/SiO2 was found to be the most active catalyst. The reaction started at 373 K and was complete at 523 K. Depending on the nature of the supports, significant differences were experienced in the reaction pathways. On Au deposited on SiO2, CeO2, and carbon Norit, dehydrogenation predominated, whereas on Al2O3, ZSM-5, and TiO2-supported Au, dehydration of formic acid was favored. Pure CO-free H2 was obtained on Au/SiO2 and Au/CeO2 at and below 473 K. No changes in activity or selectivity were observed within ∼10 h. For most of the catalysts, the selectivity was improved by the addition of water to formic acid. In situ infrared spectroscopic studies revealed the formation of formate species even on Au/SiO2, located exclusively on Au particles. The decomposition of HCOOH over Au/SiO2 followed zero-order kinetics. The activation energy for the decomposition was 60.7 kJ mol–1, and that for H2 production was 58.5 kJ mol–1.
Metrics for Early-Stage Modeling of Many-Accelerator Architectures (2012)

The term “Dark Silicon” has been coined to describe the threat to microprocessor performance caused by increasing transistor power density. Improving energy efficiency is now the primary design goal for all market segments of microprocessors from mobile to server. Specialized hardware accelerators, designed to run only a subset of workloads with orders of magnitude energy efficiency improvement, are seen as a potential solution. Selecting an ensemble of accelerators to best cover the workloads run on a platform remains a challenge. We propose metrics for accelerator selection derived from a detailed communication-aware performance model and present an automated methodology to populate this model. Employing a combination of characterized RTL and our selection metrics, we evaluate a set of accelerators for a sample application and compare performance to selections based on execution time and Pollack's rule. We find that the architecture selected by our communication-aware metric shows improved performance over architectures selected based on execution time and Pollack's rule, as they do not account for speedup being limited by communication.
Where Hematopoietic Stem Cells Live: The Bone Marrow Niche (2017)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can sustain the production of blood throughout one's lifetime. However, for proper self-renewal of its own population and differentiation to blood, the HSC requires a specialized microenvironment called the "niche." Recent Advances: Recent studies using novel mouse models have shed new light on the cellular architecture and function of the HSC niche. Here, we review the different cells that constitute the HSC niche and the molecular mechanisms that underlie HSC and niche interaction. We discuss the evidence and potential features that distinguish the HSC niche from other microenvironments in the bone marrow. The relevance of the niche in malignant transformation of the HSCs and harboring cancer metastasis to the bone is also outlined. In addition, we address how the niche may regulate reactive oxygen species levels surrounding the HSCs. Critical Issues and Future Directions: We propose future directions and remaining challenges in investigating the niche of HSCs. We discuss how a better understanding of the HSC niche may help in restoring an aged hematopoietic system, fighting against malignancies, and transplanting purified HSCs safely and effectively into patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
Novel emulsion graft copolymerization onto the silylmethyl group of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1997)

The influence of radical initiators upon the emulsion graft copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was studied. As initiators, a series of peroxides and hydroperoxides were coupled with ferrous sulfate, among which the tert-butyl peroxylaurate system gave the highest grafting efficiency (30%). The tert-butyl peroxylaurate initiator fulfills the criteria for efficient radical grafting by generating only the tert-butoxy radical, which is reluctant to form a carbon radical via β-scission, being highly hydrophobic, and not carrying a tertiary hydrogen that may be abstracted by a radical. 13C-NMR analysis of the products showed that the grafting occurred on the silylmethyl groups of PDMS to give 10–25 grafts per polymer and graft ratio in the range 44–140%. The PDMS graft copolymers thus obtained could be used as surface-modifying agents to improve the lubricity and water-repellency of ABS [poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-graft-polybutadiene]. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2607–2617, 1997
Voice-controlled human-computer interface for the disabled (2001)

A voice-controlled human-computer interface has been designed that enables severely handicapped individuals to operate a computer. This system consists of six main blocks: the keyboard and the mouse layouts; the D6106 speech recogniser; the headset incorporated with a microphone and two mercury switches; the keyboard circuit and the mouse circuits; the mouse control circuit; and the microcontroller. A prototype system has been built and tested.
PKC ε Activation Prevents Synaptic Loss, Aβ Elevation, and Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice (2011)

Among the pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegeneration, only synaptic loss in the brains of AD patients closely correlates with the degree of dementia in vivo. Here, we describe a molecular basis for this AD loss of synapses: pathological reduction of synaptogenic PKC isozymes and their downstream synaptogenic substrates, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This reduction, particularly of PKC α and ε, occurs in association with elevation of soluble β amyloid protein (Aβ), but before the appearance of the amyloid plaques or neuronal loss in the Tg2576 AD transgenic mouse strain. Conversely, treatment of the Tg2576 mouse brain with the PKC activator, bryostatin-1, restores normal or supranormal levels of PKC α and ε, reduces the level of soluble Aβ, prevents and/or reverses the loss of hippocampal synapses, and prevents the memory impairment observed at 5 months postpartum. Similarly, the PKC ε-specific activator, DCP-LA, effectively prevents synaptic loss, amyloid plaques, and cognitive deficits (also prevented by bryostatin-1) in the much more rapidly progressing 5XFAD transgenic strain. These results suggest that synaptic loss and the resulting cognitive deficits depend on the balance between the lowering effects of Aβ on PKC α and ε versus the lowering effects of PKC on Aβ in AD transgenic mice.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) Inhibition Induces Prosurvival Autophagic Signals in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2015)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) are ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinases involved in a plethora of functions ranging from the control of glycogen metabolism to transcriptional regulation. We recently demonstrated that GSK3 inhibition triggers JNK-cJUN-dependent apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. However, the comprehensive picture of downstream GSK3-regulated pathways/functions remains elusive. Herein, counterbalancing the death signals, we show that GSK3 inhibition induces prosurvival signals through increased activity of the autophagy/lysosomal network. Our data also reveal a contribution of GSK3 in the regulation of the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, transcription factor EB (TFEB) in pancreatic cancer cells. Similarly to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition, GSK3 inhibitors promote TFEB nuclear localization and leads to TFEB dephosphorylation through endogenous serine/threonine phosphatase action. However, GSK3 and mTOR inhibition impinge differently and independently on TFEB phosphorylation suggesting that TFEB is regulated by a panel of kinases and/or phosphatases. Despite their differential impact on TFEB phosphorylation, both GSK3 and mTOR inhibitors promote 14-3-3 dissociation and TFEB nuclear localization. Quantitative mass spectrometry analyses further reveal an increased association of TFEB with nuclear proteins upon GSK3 and mTOR inhibition suggesting a positive impact on TFEB transcriptional function. Finally, a predominant nuclear localization of TFEB is unveiled in fully fed pancreatic cancer cells, whereas a reduction in TFEB expression significantly impairs their capacity for growth in an anchorage-independent manner. In addition, TFEB-restricted cells are more sensitive to apoptosis upon GSK3 inhibition. Altogether, our data uncover new functions under the control of GSK3 in pancreatic cancer cells in addition to providing key insight into TFEB regulation.