gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Example-based head tracking (2002)

We want to estimate the pose of human heads. This estimation involves a nonlinear mapping from the input image to an output parametric description. We characterize the mapping through examples from a training set, outputting the pose of the nearest example neighbor of the input. This is vector quantization, with the modification that we store an output parameter code with each quantized input code. For efficient indexing, we use a tree-structured vector quantizer (TSVQ). We make design choices based on the example application of monitoring an automobile driver's face. The reliance on stored data over computation power allows the system to be simple; efficient organization of the data allows it to be fast. We incorporate tracking in position and scale within the same vector quantization framework with virtually no cost in added computation. We show reasonable experimental results for a real-time prototype running on an inexpensive workstation.
Monitoring optical WDM-networks by using statistical methods (1999)

A novel method to monitor the performance of WDM channels in an optical network is presented. From the photo-diode current of a detected optical signal, an amplitude histogram is generated; the probability density function (PDF). By analysing the PDF, information is obtained about several performance parameters, including the optical power as well as the noise-levels on the bit-levels of the channels. A wavelength dependent attenuator has to be used to extract these performance parameters uniquely. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the method can be used to analyse at least three WDM channels simultaneously.
High‐Speed and Low‐Energy Nitride Memristors (2016)

High‐performance memristors based on AlN films have been demonstrated, which exhibit ultrafast ON/OFF switching times (≈85 ps for microdevices with waveguide) and relatively low switching current (≈15 μA for 50 nm devices). Physical characterizations are carried out to understand the device switching mechanism, and rationalize speed and energy performance. The formation of an Al‐rich conduction channel through the AlN layer is revealed. The motion of positively charged nitrogen vacancies is likely responsible for the observed switching.
A Novel Thermic Process for Producing V-Based Solid Solution Type Hydrogen Storage Alloy (2001)

The performance of a high hydrogen capacity alloy, V–16%Ti–12%Ni–1.4%Nb–0.96%Co–2.8%Ta, is sensitively influenced by dissolved aluminum and oxygen, both of which can be removed from vanadium by a refining process, but the process currently used is too expensive. It is necessary to develop a process to remove these impurities at a reasonable cost. We propose a new method for production of the alloy. A V–15%Ni–1.8%Nb precursor with a low enough level of aluminum was produced by alumino-thermic reduction from a mixture of V2O5, Nb2O5 and nickel. Subsequently, a V–16%Ti–12%Ni–1.4%Nb–0.96%Co–2.8%Ta alloy was obtained by alloying the precursor and the other constituents of titanium, cobalt and tantalum, and by adding mischmetal as a reducing agent to remove oxygen to a low enough level. It was demonstrated that, by the method described here, the vanadium-based alloy could be produced at a reasonable cost.
Purified avocado seed acetogenins: Antimicrobial spectrum and complete inhibition of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in a refrigerated food matrix (2019)

Avocado fruit contains lipid derivatives with antimicrobial properties called acetogenins. In this study, antimicrobial spectrum of purified acetogenins was characterized. Additionally, eight Gram-positive bacteria were exposed to commercial food preservatives (Nisaplin® and Mirenat®) for comparison. Acetogenins were also added to a food system containing meat, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 20°C and 4°C. Avocado seed extract (Avosafe®) contained 71.3% w/w total acetogenins, its main components were AcO-avocadene and persenone A (22.05 ± 1.84 and 20.14 ± 1.40% w/w, respectively). Avosafe® (15 µg disc−1) inhibited Gram-positive bacteria, with higher efficacy towards spore-formers (Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilis, and Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius). Acetogenins’ inhibition zones were 2–4 times higher compared to Nisaplin® and Mirenat® for Gram-positive bacteria, except for Staphylococcus aureus. During refrigerated storage (4°C, 72 d), Avosafe® inhibited L. monocytogenes completely; decreasing initial 3-log inoculum to undetectable levels within 3 h, and maintaining the effect to completion.
QAM to circular isomorphic constellations (2016)

Employing high order constellations is inevitable in order to achieve higher spectral efficiency in satellite communication systems. In DVB-S2X standard, constellations with up to 256 points have been included. However, optimizing such high order constellations is a difficult task. In this paper we propose a very simple constellation design based on the radial map from QAM constellations to non-uniform APSK constellations. Our method provides a systematic way to generate a family of optimized high order constellations. We show that gains larger than 0.5 dB can be obtained with respect to the DVB- S2X constellations with 256 points. Even though the proposed constellations are essentially sub-optimal (in terms of maximizing the mutual information), they provide a very competitive test benchmark for the performance of high order constellations. Moreover, the proposed construction potentially allows for an efficient one-dimensional soft detection by an inverse mapping to the QAM. Finally, further optimization techniques are discussed.
Bulk Metallic Glass Nanowire Architecture for Electrochemical Applications (2011)

Electrochemical devices have the potential to pose powerful solutions in addressing rising energy demands and counteracting environmental problems. However, currently, these devices suffer from meager performance due to poor efficiency and durability of the catalysts. These suboptimal characteristics have hampered widespread commercialization. Here we report on Pt(57.5)Cu(14.7)Ni(5.3)P(22.5) bulk metallic glass (Pt-BMG) nanowires, whose novel architecture and outstanding durability circumvent the performance problems of electrochemical devices. We fabricate Pt-BMG nanowires using a facile and scalable nanoimprinting approach to create dealloyed high surface area nanowire catalysts with high conductivity and activity for methanol and ethanol oxidation. After 1000 cycles, these nanowires maintain 96% of their performance-2.4 times as much as conventional Pt/C catalysts. Their properties make them ideal candidates for widespread commercial use such as for energy conversion/storage and sensors.
A method for making dendritic metal nanostructures using a surfactant structure template, a metal salt, and electron donor species. (2008)

A method for making dendritic metal nanostructures using a surfactant structure template, a metal salt, and electron donor species.
8B9B encoding for crosstalk reduction in a high-speed parallel bus (2016)

This paper presents a new encoding and corresponding decoding scheme to reduce crosstalk on a high-speed parallel bus. The scheme is based on a modified Fibonacci sequence and is introduced along with potential benefits in some upcoming memory interfaces. The scheme provides appreciable eye opening for interfaces dominated by crosstalk such as existing memory interfaces.
Design of a planar helix with straight-edge connections for traveling-wave tube applications (2011)

A printed planar helix with straight-edge connections incorporating a coplanar waveguide feed and an air tunnel has been designed for traveling-wave tube applications. Cold parameters have been simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The simulated S-parameters and phase velocity values agree well with the measured results.
An affordable and easy-to-use diagnostic method for keratoconus detection using a smartphone (2018)

Recently, smartphones are used for disease diagnosis and healthcare. In this paper, we propose a novel affordable diagnostic method of detecting keratoconus using a smartphone. Keratoconus is usually detected in clinics with ophthalmic devices, which are large, expensive and not portable, and need to be operated by trained technicians. However, our proposed smartphone-based eye disease detection method is small, affordable, portable, and it can be operated by patients in a convenient way. The results show that the proposed keratoconus detection method detects severe, advanced, and moderate keratoconus with accuracies of 93%, 86%, 67%, respectively. Due to its convenience with these accuracies, the proposed keratoconus detection method is expected to be applied in detecting keratoconus at an earlier stage in an affordable way.
Novel Metal-Affinity Protein Separations (1990)

The affinity exhibited by proteins for chelated metals has been exploited in two new protein purification techniques: metal affinity aqueous two-phase extraction and metal affinity precipitation. Metal-chelating derivatives of polyethylene glycol have been used to selectively enhance the partition coefficients of proteins in aqueous two-phase separations. When the metal chelate is attached to both ends of the water-soluble polymer, the resulting bis-chelate is an effective precipitating agent for proteins that contain multiple surface-accessible histidines. Parameters important in the design and application of these affinity separations include pH, the number of accessible histidines on the proteins, and the design of the metal affinity ligand. These techniques offer the potential for large-scale application and integration of an affinity separation early in the purification process.
Adaptive motion-vector resampling for compressed video downscaling (1999)

Digital video is becoming widely available in compressed form, such as a motion JPEG or MPEG coded bitstream. In applications such as video browsing or picture-in-picture, or in transcoding for a lower bit rate, there is a need to downscale the video prior to its transmission. In such instances, the conventional approach to generating a downscaled video bitstream at the video server would be to first decompress the video, perform the downscaling operation in the pixel domain, and then recompress it as, say, an MPEG, bitstream for efficient delivery. This process is computationally expensive due to the motion-estimation process needed during the recompression phase. We propose an alternative compressed domain-based approach that computes motion vectors for the downscaled (N/2xN/2) video sequence directly from the original motion vectors for the N/spl times/N video sequence. We further discover that the scheme produces better results by weighting the original motion vectors adaptively. The proposed approach can lead to significant computational savings compared to the conventional spatial (pixel) domain approach. The proposed approach is useful for video severs that provide quality of service in real time for heterogeneous clients.
Waveguide amplifiers in sputtered films of Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glass (2006)

Waveguide amplifiers fabricated in Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) glass are demonstrated. GLS is deposited onto fused silica substrates by RF magnetron sputtering, and waveguides are patterned by use of the lift-off technique. The waveguides exhibit a total internal gain of 6.7 dB (2.8 dB/cm) for a signal with a wavelength of 1.55 mum. This experiment is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of gain in an Er3+-doped chalcogenide glass waveguide. The fabrication methods we apply, if used with other rare earth dopants, could potentially be employed to produce sources operating in the mid-IR.
Diphenylamines I (1992)

A series of N-alkyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,6-dinitrodiphenylamines was prepared for evaluation as agricultural miticides. This work led to the discovery and development of EL-462, a miticide highly active against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae). The synthesis, structure-activity-relationship, and efficacy of these diphenylamines will be discussed.
MDS Array Codes with Optimal Rebuilding (2011)

MDS array codes are widely used in storage systems to protect data against erasures. We address the \emph{rebuilding ratio} problem, namely, in the case of erasures, what is the the fraction of the remaining information that needs to be accessed in order to rebuild \emph{exactly} the lost information? It is clear that when the number of erasures equals the maximum number of erasures that an MDS code can correct then the rebuilding ratio is 1 (access all the remaining information). However, the interesting (and more practical) case is when the number of erasures is smaller than the erasure correcting capability of the code. For example, consider an MDS code that can correct two erasures: What is the smallest amount of information that one needs to access in order to correct a single erasure? Previous work showed that the rebuilding ratio is bounded between 1/2 and 3/4, however, the exact value was left as an open problem. In this paper, we solve this open problem and prove that for the case of a single erasure with a 2-erasure correcting code, the rebuilding ratio is 1/2. In general, we construct a new family of $r$-erasure correcting MDS array codes that has optimal rebuilding ratio of $\frac{1}{r}$ in the case of a single erasure. Our array codes have efficient encoding and decoding algorithms (for the case $r=2$ they use a finite field of size 3) and an optimal update property.
Adaptive Application of SAT Solving Techniques (2006)

New heuristics and strategies have enabled major advancements in SAT solving in recent years. However, experimentation has shown that there is no winning solution that works in all cases. A degradation of orders of magnitude can be observed if the wrong heuristic is chosen. The problem is that it is impossible to know, in advance, which heuristics are best for a given problem. Consequently, many ideas - those that turn out to be useful for a small subset of the cases, but significantly increase run times on most others - are discarded. We propose the notion of Adaptive Solving as a possible solution to this problem. In our framework, the SAT solver monitors the effectiveness of the search on-the-fly using a Performance Metric. The metric gives a score according to its assessment of the search progress. Based on this score, one or more heuristics are turned on or off. The goal is to use a specific heuristic or strategy when it is advantageous, and turn it off when it is not, before it does too much damage. We suggest several possible metrics, and compare their effectiveness. Our adaptive solver achieves significant speedups on a large set of examples. We also show that applying different heuristics on different parts of the search space can improve run times even beyond what can be achieved by the best heuristic on its own.
Fast and robust TCP session lookup by digest hash (2006)

We present a new design for fast and robust TCP session lookup. The design uses a "set-associative" hash table, where each hash bucket keeps multiple "compressed and canonical" tags. The canonical tags encode both the flow identifiers and the addresses of the TCP contexts by a forward signature function F(Tag(flow identifier), address) during installation. On session lookup, an inverse function F/sup I/ (Tag(flow identifier), tag) matches sessions and recovers the address of the TCP context. We show that the method is effective and storage-efficient. It is also resistant to denial-of-service attack that is fabricated by forcing excessive hash collisions.
In-memory hyperdimensional computing (2019)

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging computational framework that takes inspiration from attributes of neuronal circuits such as hyperdimensionality, fully distributed holographic representation, and (pseudo)randomness. When employed for machine learning tasks such as learning and classification, HDC involves manipulation and comparison of large patterns within memory. Moreover, a key attribute of HDC is its robustness to the imperfections associated with the computational substrates on which it is implemented. It is therefore particularly amenable to emerging non-von Neumann paradigms such as in-memory computing, where the physical attributes of nanoscale memristive devices are exploited to perform computation in place. Here, we present a complete in-memory HDC system that achieves a near optimum trade-off between design complexity and classification accuracy based on three prototypical HDC related learning tasks, namely, language classification, news classification, and hand gesture recognition from electromyography signals. Comparable accuracies to software implementations are demonstrated, experimentally, using 760,000 phase-change memory devices performing analog in-memory computing.
Highly conducting iodinated fluoroaluminium and fluorogallium phthalocyanine polymers (1980)

Partial oxidation of the quasi-one dimensional fluoroaluminium and fluorogallium phthalocyanines with iodine yields species with appreciable electrical conductivities (0·01–1 ohm–1 cm–1); thermogravimetric, Raman spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric techniques have provided useful information about their composition and nature.
Immunogenicity and <i>in vitro</i> protective efficacy of a recombinant multistage <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> candidate vaccine (1999)

Compared with a single-stage antigen-based vaccine, a multistage and multivalent Plasmodium falciparum vaccine would be more efficacious by inducing "multiple layers" of immunity. We have constructed a synthetic gene that encodes for 12 B cell, 6 T cell proliferative, and 3 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from 9 stage-specific P. falciparum antigens corresponding to the sporozoite, liver, erythrocytic asexual, and sexual stages. The gene was expressed in the baculovirus system, and a 41-kDa antigen, termed CDC/NIIMALVAC-1, was purified. Immunization in rabbits with the purified protein in the presence of different adjuvants generated antibody responses that recognized vaccine antigen, linear peptides contained in the vaccine, and all stages of P. falciparum. In vitro assays of protection revealed that the vaccine-elicited antibodies strongly inhibited sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells and growth of blood-stage parasites in the presence of monocytes. These observations demonstrate that a multicomponent, multistage malaria vaccine can induce immune responses that inhibit parasite development at multiple stages. The rationale and approach used in the development of a multicomponent P. falciparum vaccine will be useful in the development of a multispecies human malaria vaccine and vaccines against other infectious diseases.
Force rebalance, whole angle, and self-calibration mechanization of silicon MEMS quad mass gyro (2014)

This paper reports experimental demonstration and characterization of the MEMS Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (QMG) operated in three distinct mechanizations, namely force rebalance, whole angle, and virtual carouseling self-calibration. The three runtime interchangeable control modes are implemented using a custom standalone electronics suite running control firmware with a separate computer GVI for experiment control and data logging. The results of this work demonstrate that the Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscope (CVG) Class II theoretical framework developed by D.D. Lynch is directly applicable to MEMS devices and establishes a path for potentially groundbreaking improvement of their long term stability in support of inertial navigation through self-calibration. While the simple fabrication and outstanding measured characteristics of the QMG (Q>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , Δf<;0.2 Hz, τ>170 s, Δ(1/τ)<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> Hz) make it an ideal MEMS Class II CVG, a wide variety of other planar and 3-D mode-symmetric MEMS gyroscope resonators can leverage the developed approach, hardware, software, and analysis tools.
Nanometer-scale silicide structures formed by focused ion-beam implantation (2002)

We have demonstrated a new technique for direct patterning and formation of cobalt silicide structures using focused ion beam implantation. This mask-free-fabrication technique takes advantage of the influence on the kinetics of ion-beam mixing and properties of thin barrier oxides during silicide line formation. Silicide structures with dimensions of the order of 170 nm were produced on (100) silicon substrates. The process involves the ion implantation of 200 keV As <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">++</sup> through a thin cobalt film on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si structure. A selective reaction barrier at the Si/Co interface comprising of a thin (∼2 nm) oxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), prevents unwanted reactions with silicon. Ion-beam mixing was instrumental in fracturing of the oxide layer; thereby, allowing the migration of metal atoms across the Si/Co boundary for the silicidation reaction to proceed during subsequent rapid thermal anneal treatments. Diffusion controlled reactions advanced rapidly in the implanted areas, requiring a two-step anneal sequence to inhibit reaction elsewhere. A threshold dose of 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> was required for process initiation. Four-terminal resistance test structures were formed for electrical measurements. Resistivity obtained ranged on the order of 12 to 23 μΩ-cm. Application of this method can facilitate a wide variety of silicide structures.
Investigation of novel electrical transport phenomena in semimetal-semiconductor heterostructures (1994)

The Sb/GaSb system has been proposed as a unique new material which has significant potential for quantum transport studies, electronic devices, incorporating semimetal/semiconductor heterostructures, and for infrared optical and nonlinear optical applications requiring an indirect narrow band-gap material. Researchers have demonstrated the growth of both single Sb/GaSb heteroepitaxial layers and elementary GaSb/Sb/GaSb multilayer structures using MBE and MEE on GaSb (111) substrates. Magnetotransport measurements have yielded electron and hole mobilities in excess of 3 x 10(exp 4) sq cm/V(dot)s, which correspond to mean free paths of > 2 micrometers for both carrier types. Further studies are current underway to characterize the transport and optical properties of Sb/GaSb multilayer structures. Electrical Transport Phenomena, Heterostructures, Semimetals, Semimetal-Semiconductor Heterostructures, Devices, Antimonide semiconductors.