gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acylation of the 47-kilodalton major membrane immunogen of Treponema pallidum determines its hydrophobicity (1989)

The 47-kilodalton (kDa) major integral membrane immunogen of Treponema pallidum was recently found to be a proteolipid. Similar two-dimensional electrophoretic mobilities and common hydrophobic properties displayed by the native (T. pallidum) and recombinant (Escherichia coli) 47-kDa antigens suggested that the recombinant antigen also possesses covalently bound lipid. Both intact E. coli and E. coli minicells acylated the 47-kDa antigen; immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody specific for the 47-kDa immunogen supported the contention that the acylated product of E. coli corresponds to the cloned T. pallidum antigen. Triton X-114 phase partitioning was used to compare the relative hydrophobicities of 47-kDa molecules synthesized by in vitro and in vivo protein translation systems. The products synthesized by T. pallidum, intact E. coli, or E. coli minicells were hydrophobic, while the protein synthesized in an E. coli cell-free translation system was hydrophilic. Processing experiments with E. coli suggested that the primary gene translation product of the protein is not synthesized in a precursor form, unlike other bacterial proteolipids. These results indicate that the hydrophobicity of the 47-kDa integral membrane protein is conferred substantially by the covalently attached lipid(s). The biochemical similarities between the native and recombinant 47-kDa proteolipids will provide a foundation for future investigations into the structure and immunogenicity of this integral membrane protein of T. pallidum.
Defect-free InP nanowires grown in [001] direction on InP (001) (2004)

We report on [001]InP nanowires grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy directly on (001)InP substrates. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveals wires with nearly square cross sections and a perfect zinc-blende crystalline structure that is free of stacking faults. Photoluminescence measurements of single [001] nanowires exhibit a narrow and intense emission peak at approximately 1.4eV, whereas ⟨111⟩B grown reference wires show additional broad luminescence peaks at lower energy. The origin of this uncommon wire growth direction [001] is discussed as a means of controlled formation of [00l]-oriented nanowires on (001) substrates.
Rapid MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage with Steady-State Free Precession and Multipoint Fat-Water Separation (2003)

High-quality high-resolution images of articular cartilage with improved fat-water separation, bright synovial fluid, and markedly reduced acquisition times can be obtained with 3D SSFP imaging combined with a fat-water separation technique.
Introduction of a Carbohydrate Moiety into the Structure of Thiourea Compounds Targeting HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Design of Thermoelectric Generators for Automobile Waste Heat Recovery (2012)

In this present work, we attempt to maximize the electrical power generation by optimizing Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) geometry for a prescribed TEG volume. A plate-fin heat exchanger topology is assumed and consideration is given to additional pressure drops associated with the fins placed in the exhaust flow path; and the cross-sectional changes across TEG inlet-exit ports. The thermal profile in the TEG is computed such that different thermoelectric modules may be placed where they provide the maximum Seebeck coefficient and hence provide the maximum power output. Multiple filled skutterudites are employed in the higher temperature regions and Bismuth Telluride modules are used at lower temperature regions of the TEG. Separate calculations are performed for cases where the available maximum number of TEMs is limited for cost optimization.Copyright © 2012 by ASME and General Motors
Simmered Greedy Optimization for Co-clustering (2010)

We present a fast yet highly effective stochastic algorithm, Simmered Greedy Optimization (SG(N)) for solving the co-clustering problem: to simultaneously cluster two finite sets by maximizing the mutual information between the clusterings. (Clustering one set by this criterion is a special case.) This is a combinatorial optimization problem of great interest for deriving maximally predictive feature sets. Co-clustering has found applications in many areas, particularly statistical natural language processing and bioinformatics. We report results of tests on a suite of statistical natural language problems, comparing SG(N) with simulated annealing and a publicly available implementation of co-clustering. In all cases we obtain superior results with far less computation using SG(N).
Vapor Phase Self-Assembly of Electrooptic Thin Films via Triple Hydrogen Bonds (2003)

The donor-acceptor pi-electron chromophore 5-{4-[2-(4,6-diamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-vinyl]-benzylidene}-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (DTPT) was designed and synthesized. Triple H-bonding interactions between neighboring molecules direct self-assembled chromophore alignment in a head-to-tail orientation using a straightforward vapor phase deposition process. Angle-dependent SHG interference patterns and the quadratic dependence of the 532 nm light output intensity on the thickness of the DTPT films for glass substrates coated on both sides demonstrate high, reproducible film quality and uniformity. XRD also demonstrates long-range order in the film and yields a molecular tilt angle in good agreement with polarized SHG data, clearly showing that out-of-plane ordering of chromophore molecules has been achieved.
Carbon combustion synthesis of complex oxides: Process demonstration and features (2005)

Abstract Carbon combustion synthesis of oxides (CCSO) is a novel process to rapidly produce high‐purity, submicron, and porous powders of complex oxides. It is a modified form of self‐propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) that uses carbon as the fuel instead of a pure metal. The CO 2 release increases the porosity and friability of the products. Like SHS, it is much faster (order of minutes) than the calcination processes (order of hours). CCSO has several advantages over SHS (the initial components are less expensive, porosity of the products is up to 70%). CCSO can produce complex oxides, such as LaGaO 3 , which cannot be produced by SHS. The feasibility and features of CCSO are illustrated by its use in producing barium titanate, lithium manganese, and lanthanum gallium oxides. The carbon concentration enabled control of the moving front temperature and average velocity and the particle size and surface area. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Asymmetric Error Correction and Flash-Memory Rewriting Using Polar Codes (2016)

We propose efficient coding schemes for two communication settings: 1) asymmetric channels and 2) channels with an informed encoder. These settings are important in non-volatile memories, as well as optical and broadcast communication. The schemes are based on non-linear polar codes, and they build on and improve recent work on these settings. In asymmetric channels, we tackle the exponential storage requirement of previously known schemes that resulted from the use of large Boolean functions. We propose an improved scheme that achieves the capacity of asymmetric channels with polynomial computational complexity and storage requirement. The proposed non-linear scheme is then generalized to the setting of channel coding with an informed encoder using a multicoding technique. We consider specific instances of the scheme for flash memories that incorporate error-correction capabilities together with rewriting. Since the considered codes are non-linear, they eliminate the requirement of previously known schemes (called polar write-once-memory codes) for shared randomness between the encoder and the decoder. Finally, we mention that the multicoding scheme is also useful for broadcast communication in Marton's region, improving upon previous schemes for this setting.
Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Fullerenes and their Derivatives (2013)

The fullerene molecule with its unique structure of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a soccer ball structure is a molecule of great potential for a variety of applications and has drawn the attention of many physicists, chemists and engineers. Recently, these nanostructures have also been studied for their biological activities with a view towards using them for biomedical applications. One of the possible therapies for which fullerenes may have a real medical application is the light based therapy called photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a non-surgical, minimally invasive approach that has been used in the treatment of solid tumors and many non-malignant diseases
Monolithic rapid prototype flexured ultrasonic horns (2010)

Piezoelectric ultrasonic horn actuators are used in high power medical/surgical, automotive, food preparation, textile cutting, and material joining applications. Typically, these horn actuators are assembled by pre-stressing piezoelectric rings between the horn and backing layer using a pre-stress bolt. In the ultrasonic horn actuators presented in this paper the bolt was removed and the number of overall parts was reduced significantly allowing for easy fabrication and integration of the actuators into other structures. The elimination of the need for the conventional stress bolt internal to the piezoelectric stack and the reduction of the related complexity were achieved by using external flexures. The actuator structure was produced by an electron beam melting rapid prototype manufacturing process. This manufacturing process allows for horn structures with internal cavities if required. This design allows for using solid piezoelectric stacks (with no central hole) to produce a highly effective actuator. This paper presents the results of a novel design of a monolithic ultrasonic horn.
VITAMIN D METABOLISM (1977)

During the past decade, an explosion of information has become available on the metabolism and function of vitamin D which is of great importance to clinicians in the treatment of metabolic bone disease. We have learned that vitamin D is the precursor of at least one hormone and that this hormone carries out functions in calcium and phosphorus metabolism bringing about mineralization of bone on one hand, and the prevention of hypocalcaemic tetany on the other. It may also function in the prevention of such degenerative bone diseases as osteoporosis. An important analogue of this hormone, 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been prepared and is used successfully in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions. This presentation will summarize these findings and their possible implications in these metabolic bone diseases.
Design and development of a latching micro optical switch (2009)

We will review the initial design and development of a first-of-its-kind latching micro optical switch that can be switched from one optical state to another utilizing thermal actuation. The device is designed to remain in one position or the other without the requirement for continuous external power to keep the switch in either state. The switch uses Deep Reactive Ion Etching to form the necessary structures required to move optical fibers from one position to another.
Predicting Wet-End Web Breakage in Paper Mills (2002)

This paper presents a systematic process for building a predictive model to estimate time-to-breakage and provide a web break tendency indicator in the wet-end part of paper making machines. Through successive information refinement of information gleaned from sensor readings via data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and trending analysis, a break tendency indicator was built. Output of this indicator is the break margin. The break margin is then interpreted using a stoplight metaphor. This interpretation provides a more gradual web break sensitivity indicator, since it uses more classes compared to a binary indicator. By generating an accurate web break tendency indicator with enough lead-time, we help in the overall control of the paper making cycle by minimizing down time and improving productivity.
A Novel Microwave Measurement Technique for Non-Contact Vital Sign Monitoring (2018)

Using microwave to monitor vital signs is becoming a common research topic now a days. People have attempted to use continuous wave radar extensively to monitor heart rate and breathing rate. However, this often suffers from a common problem of measurement non-linearity (i.e. presence of harmonics) due to phase wrapping if the amplitude of vibrating object (in our case the movement of chest wall) exceeds certain threshold when compared against the probing wavelength. This limits the selection of probing wavelength which in turn limits the antenna size. Further miniaturization of the antenna size is not possible because further reduction of probing wavelength will create harmonic frequencies (even if the radar is placed at optimal point) that may completely mislead the measurement. Here, we propose a novel technique based on amplitude modulation of continuous microwave (AMCW) signal that overcomes this limitation and gives independent handle to design the antenna dimension while preventing generation of any harmonics in the baseband. Our concept of using AMCW has been supported well by the simulation result.
A millimeter wave switched beam planar antenna array (2015)

A millimeter wave (mm-wave) beam-forming network based on the Butler matrix is designed alongside with its planar antenna array. The designed system has 1 GHz of BW centered at 28.5 GHz. A planar 4×4 slot based antenna array is connected to the Butler matrix via optimized series feeds. The beams radiated from the antenna array were steered to four different locations; ±20° and ±45°. The maximum gain achieved was 12 dB and the minimum was 8 dB. The complete system had a size of 43 × 35 × 0.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . This system can be used in handheld devices for the up-coming 5G standards.
Acute migraine treatment with droperidol (2003)

A total of 331 patients were enrolled; 305 were treated. Headache response at 2 hours was better (p < 0.002) in the treatment groups receiving droperidol IM at doses of 2.75 mg (87%), 5.5 mg (81%), and 8.25 mg (85%) compared with placebo (57%). The percent of patients achieving a pain-free response at 2 hours after treatment was significantly greater than placebo for the droperidol 2.75-mg, 5.5-mg, and 8.25-mg dose groups. The frequency of headache recurrence (within 24 hours) for patients initially responding by 2 hours was lower in patients treated with droperidol than placebo, but differences failed to reach significance. A significantly greater percentage of patients receiving droperidol 2.75 mg reported the elimination of migraine-associated symptoms (nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia) than those who received placebo. Although most adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity, anxiety, akathisia, and somnolence were rated as severe in 30% of patients who experienced those symptoms. Hypotension was uncommon. No patient had QT prolongation.
2-Naphthalenethiolate Ion as a Fluorogenic Reagent For Detection of 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide (1995)

Abstract Fluorescent properties of 2-naphthalenethiol, 2-naphthalenethiolate ion, and the product of the reaction of 2-naphthalenethiolate ion with 2-chloroethylethylsulfide (CEES) are described. The fluorescence of the latter is used as the basis for a new detection method for CEES. The detection method is capable of detecting CEES at levels down to 0.2 micrograms per milliliter.
Novel encoding technology for ultrafast MRI in a limited spatial region (1999)

A new magnetic field geometry for spatial encoding of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. The field is given by: Bz(x, y) = gyy cos(qxx), and is called a PERL field because it is PERiodic in x and Linear in y. Both imaging pulse sequences and encoding field design are analyzed theoretically. A two-dimensional (2D) imaging sequence is shown to require a Fourier transform to resolve the x dimension and the solution of a Bessel function integral transform equation to resolve the y dimension. By examining solutions to Laplace's equation that approximate the PERL field, it is shown that the PERL field can only be produced in a limited spatial region. An unusual feature is that the number of gradient switches needed during a 2D data acquisition depends on the field of view and is fundamentally determined by the finite penetration depth δ of the PERL field into the sample. For very thin sections near the PERL coil, no gradient switching is required. To increase δ, qx is decreased. To keep the spatial resolution in y constant however, a phase θ is added: Bz(x, y) = gyy cos(qxx + θ), together with additional data acquisitions (and additional gradient switches) for different values of θ. In addition, an explicit example of a PERL coil with rectangular geometry is presented and its field plotted. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 10, 216–224, 1999
Motorized fusion guided prostate biopsy: phantom study (2017)

Purpose: Fusion of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with intraoperative real-time Ultrasound (US) during prostate biopsy has significantly improved the sensitivity of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided cancer detection. Currently, sweeping of the TRUS probe to build a 3D volume as part of the fusion process and the TRUS probe manipulation for needle guidance are both done manually. A motorized, joystick controlled, probe holder was custom fabricated that can potentially reduce inter-operator variability, provide standardization of needle placement, improve repeatability and uniformity of needle placement, which may have impacts upon the learning curve after clinical deployment of this emerging approach. Method: a 2DOF motorized probe holder was designed to provide translation and rotation of a triplane TRUS end firing probe for prostate biopsy. The probe holder was joystick controlled and can assist manipulation of the probe during needle insertion as well as in acquiring a smoother US 2D to 3D sweep in which the 3D US volume for fusion is built. A commercial MRI-US fusion platform was used. Three targets were specified on MR image of a commercial prostate phantom. After performing the registration, two operators performed targeting, once manually and once with the assistance of the motorized probe holder. They repeated these tasks 5 times resulting in a total of 30 targeting events. Time of completion and mechanical error i.e. distance of the target from the needle trajectory in the software user interface were measured. Repeatability in reaching a given target in a systematic and consistent way was measured using a scatter plot showing all targets in the US coordinate system. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) was used to demonstrate the probe steadiness during targeting. Results: the completion time was 25±17 sec, 25±24 sec, and 27±15 sec for free hand and 24±10 sec, 22.5±10 sec, and 37±10 sec for motorized insertion, for target 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mechanical error was 0.75±0.4 mm, 0.45±0.4 mm, and 0.55±0.4 mm, for free hand approach while it was 1.0±0.57 mm, 0.45±0.4 mm, and 0.35±0.25 mm, for motorized approach, for target 1, 2, and 3, respectively. PPMCC remained almost at 1.0 for the motorized approach while having a variation between 0.9 and 1.0 for the free hand approach. Conclusions: motorized fusion guided prostate biopsy in a phantom study was feasible and non-inferior or comparable to the free hand manual approach in terms of accuracy and speed of targeting, while being superior in terms of repeatability and steadiness.
Enhanced angle sensitive pixels for light field imaging (2011)

Previously demonstrated angle sensitive pixels (ASPs) have been shown to enable integrated digital light-field imaging in CMOS, but suffer from significantly reduced pixel quantum efficiency and increased sensor size. This work demonstrates ASP devices that use phase gratings and a pair of interleaved diodes to double pixel density and improve quantum efficiency by a factor of 4.
Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite stable solid tumors. (2018)

3036 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival in multiple malignancies, but genomic biomarkers for efficacy in microsatellite stable tumors are incompletely characterized. Methods: Tumor and germline whole exome sequencing (WES) from pre-treatment tumors in immune checkpoint-treated patients were assembled from 7 published studies and from 78 newly sequenced tumors (total n = 249). Tumor types included were melanoma (n = 151), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 57), bladder cancer (n = 27), head and neck cancer (n = 12), sarcoma (n = 1), and anal cancer (n = 1). The sequencing data were processed through a uniform pipeline, and the results were correlated with clinical outcomes to immune checkpoint therapy to identify tumor genomic features that contribute to response. RECIST (v1.1) was used to define responders as those with complete or partial response, and those with progressive disease as non-responders. Results: Although tumor mutational burden was correlated with response, its univariate predictive power in this cohort was low (AUC = 0.66). Further analyses identified additional correlates of response, including individual driver genes in kinase signaling and chromatin regulators, global mutational signatures, and specific HLA-restricted neoantigens. Copy number analysis corroborated associations between specific pathways and absence of response to immunotherapy, including increased copy number events in the interferon-γ pathway in nonresponders (19/123 vs 3/70, p = 0.034). However, many of these molecular features were interrelated and potentially confounded with one-another. Power simulations showed that significantly larger sample sizes are necessary to disentangle these features, highlighting the complexity of identifying genetic driver events that generate an immunoresponsive tumor environment. Conclusions: This study represents the largest analysis to date of WES obtained from solid tumors in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This work defines a path for gathering insights from multiple cohorts, and advances hypotheses of biological mechanisms and biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint therapy for further study.
Inhibition of murine B1 lymphocytes by interleukin‐12 (1996)

B1 cells are a subset of B lymphocytes found in many species and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity. B1 cells have previously been shown to be suppressed by the T helper (Th)1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma, and to be stimulated by the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. To examine further the interactions of B1 cells and Th1 cells, we have now tested the effects of the Th1 cell-inducing cytokine IL-12 on murine B1 cells. BALB/c mice were immunized with phosphorylcholine conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH) and simultaneously treated with 1 microgram recombinant murine IL-12 for 3 consecutive days. In addition to altering the isotype and idiotype distribution of anti-PC antibodies, IL-12 treatment was found to cause a loss of peritoneal, but not splenic B lymphocytes in immunized mice. B cell depletion required exposure to IL-12 plus antigenic stimulation. Levels of peritoneal B lymphocytes were fully restored by day 45, but the majority of these cells belonged to the B2 subset. Additionally, proliferation of B1 cells in vitro induced by IL-5 was substantially inhibited by IL-12. IL-12 itself had no effect on viable cell recovery of peritoneal cells (PeC) cultured in vitro, but viable cell recovery was significantly decreased in PeC cultured with IL-5 plus IL-12. These results show that IL-12 causes the loss of murine peritoneal B1 cells and suggest that treatment with this cytokine may be useful for disease conditions that involve B1 cell dysfunction.