gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Tap-Leakage Algorithm: An Algorithm for the Stable Operation of a Digitally Implemented, Fractionally Spaced Adaptive Equalizer (1982)

A fractionally spaced equalizer is a nonrecursive adaptive filter whose tap weights are spaced a fraction of a symbol interval apart. Such an equalizer can significantly enhance modem performance in the presence of severe linear distortion, when compared with a conventional synchronous equalizer whose taps are spaced a symbol interval apart. However, a digitally implemented, fractionally spaced equalizer generally will exhibit long-term instability when the conventional tap-adjustment algorithm is used. This occurs because, in contrast to the synchronous equalizer, a fractionally spaced equalizer generally will have many sets of tap values, which result in nearly equal values of mean-squared error (mse). Some of these tap settings — which invariably will be attained because of biases in the digital tap-updating circuitry — are large enough to cause register overflows and consequent performance deterioration. In this paper we report how a simple modification in the tap-adjustment algorithm provides a solution to the above problem. The modified tap-adjustment algorithm prevents the buildup of large coefficient values by systematically “leaking” or decreasing the magnitudes of all the equalizer tap weights. For an experimental modem operating at 9.6 kb/s, it has been demonstrated that the tap-leakage adjustment algorithm prevents the accumulation of large equalizer tap values, while permitting the full performance gain of a fractionally spaced equalizer to be realized.
Noninvasive measurement of renal hemodynamic functions using gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (1994)

A technique for the assessment of single kidney hemodynamic functions utilizing a novel MR pulse sequence in conjunction with MR contrast material administration is described. Renal extraction fraction (EF) is derived by measuring the concentration of the incoming contrast agent in the renal artery and the outgoing concentration in the renal vein. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can then be determined by the product of EF and renal plasma flow. A modified inversion recovery MR pulse sequence is used to measure the T1 of moving blood. This pulse sequence uses a spatially nonselective inversion pulse. A series of small flip angle detection pulses are then used to monitor the recovery of longitudinal spin magnetization in an image plane intersecting the renal vessels. The recovery rate is measured in each vessel and the T1 of blood determined. These T1 measurements are then used to determine the ratio of contrast concentration in the renal arteries and veins. Blood flow measurements can be obtained simultaneously with T1 measurements by inserting flow-encoding magnetic field gradients into the pulse sequence. Preliminary results in human volunteers suggest the feasibility of noninvasively determining hemodynamic functions with magnetic resonance.
Development and Application of Multiprobe Real-Time PCR Method Targeting the <i>hsp65</i> Gene for Differentiation of <i>Mycobacterium</i> Species from Isolates and Sputum Specimens (2010)

We developed a multiprobe real-time PCR assay targeting hsp65 (HMPRT-PCR) to detect and identify mycobacterial isolates and isolates directly from sputum specimens. Primers and probes for HMPRT-PCR were designed on the basis of the hsp65 gene sequence, enabling the recognition of seven pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. fortuitum. This technique was applied to 24 reference and 133 clinical isolates and differentiated between all strains with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, this method was applied to sputum specimens from 117 consecutive smear-positive patients with smear results of from a trace to 3+. These results were then compared to those obtained using the rpoB PCR-restriction analysis method with samples from cultures of the same sputum specimens. The HMPRT-PCR method correctly identified the mycobacteria in 89 samples (76.0%, 89/117), and moreover, the sensitivity level was increased to 94.3% (50/53) for sputa with an acid-fast bacillus score equal to or greater than 2+. Our data suggest that this novel HMPRT-PCR method could be a promising approach for detecting pathogenic mycobacterial species from sputum samples and culture isolates routinely in a clinical setting.
A Power System Stabilizer Design Using Digital Control (1982)

The design of a microprocessor based power system stabilizer operating through excitation control is described. The stabilizer draws all necessary information from sampled values of voltage and current It provides the desired modulating action for damping of machine oscillations by operation of optically isolated switching of taps in an autotransformer interposed in the feedback from potential transformers to the automatic voltage regulator. Included are derivations of algorithms for power and slip used in stabilization control, and demonstration by simulation of the effectiveness of the device.
Validated LC/MS Bioanalysis of Rituximab CDR Peptides Using Nano-surface and Molecular-Orientation Limited (nSMOL) Proteolysis (2016)

Presently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapeutics have big global sales and are starting to receive competition from biosimilars. We previously reported that the nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis which is optimal method for bioanalysis of antibody drugs in plasma. The nSMOL is a Fab-selective limited proteolysis, which utilize the difference of protease nanoparticle diameter (200 nm) and antibody resin pore diameter (100 nm). In this report, we have demonstrated that the full validation for chimeric antibody Rituximab bioanalysis in human plasma using nSMOL proteolysis. The immunoglobulin fraction was collected using Protein A resin from plasma, which was then followed by the nSMOL proteolysis using the FG nanoparticle-immobilized trypsin under a nondenaturing condition at 50°C for 6 h. After removal of resin and nanoparticles, Rituximab signature peptides (GLEWIGAIYPGNGDTSYNQK, ASGYTFTSYNMHWVK, and FSGSGSGTSYSLTISR) including complementarity-determining region (CDR) and internal standard P14R were simultaneously quantified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). This quantification of Rituximab using nSMOL proteolysis showed lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.586 µg/mL and linearity of 0.586 to 300 µg/mL. The intra- and inter-assay precision of LLOQ, low quality control (LQC), middle quality control (MQC), and high quality control (HQC) was 5.45-12.9% and 11.8, 5.77-8.84% and 9.22, 2.58-6.39 and 6.48%, and 2.69-7.29 and 4.77%, respectively. These results indicate that nSMOL can be applied to clinical pharmacokinetics study of Rituximab, based on the precise analysis.
Paper memory by all printing technology (2014)

We report the first paper-based nonvolatile memory device by means of an all-printing approach using a sequence of inkjet and screen printing techniques to fabricate a resistive random access memory on paper. The printed paper-based memory devices (PPMDs) can be labeled on electronics or living objects for multi-functional, wearable, on-skin, and biocompatible applications. The PPMDs would be a key electronic component to fully activate a paper-based circuit and can be directly implemented in medical biosensors, multi-functional devices, and self-powered systems.
Synthesis of β-Branched Tryptophan Analogues Using an Engineered Subunit of Tryptophan Synthase (2016)

We report that l-threonine may substitute for l-serine in the β-substitution reaction of an engineered subunit of tryptophan synthase from Pyrococcus furiosus, yielding (2S,3S)-β-methyltryptophan (β-MeTrp) in a single step. The trace activity of the wild-type β-subunit on this substrate was enhanced more than 1000-fold by directed evolution. Structural and spectroscopic data indicate that this increase is correlated with stabilization of the electrophilic aminoacrylate intermediate. The engineered biocatalyst also reacts with a variety of indole analogues and thiophenol for diastereoselective C-C, C-N, and C-S bond-forming reactions. This new activity circumvents the 3-enzyme pathway that produces β-MeTrp in nature and offers a simple and expandable route to preparing derivatives of this valuable building block.
Hydrogen isotope separation. [Gas-phase chemical reactions with nitrogen] (1976)

This patent application describes a method of separating isotopes of hydrogen which comprises subjecting a mixture of nitrogen and isotopes of hydrogen in a N/sub 2/--N/sub 2/ mole ratio from 1:4 to 10:1 to a glow electrical discharge from 10 to the -3 to 10 eV per reactant molecules at a temperature from 50/sup 0/K to 200/sup 0/K and at a pressure of at least 0.3 Torr. This is achieved by the gas-phase chemical reactions of a mixture of the two hydrogen isotopes with nitrogen under the nonequilibrium conditions present in a low-translational-temperature, glow electrical discharge whereby the lighter hydrogen isotope reacts preferentially with nitrogen when compared to the heavier isotope.
Torsional wave experiments with a new magnetostrictive transducer configuration (2005)

For the efficient long-range nondestructive structural health inspection of pipes, guided waves have become widely used. Among the various guided wave modes, the torsional wave is most preferred since its first branch is nondispersive. Our objective in this work is to develop a new magnetostrictive transducer configuration to transmit and receive torsional waves in cylindrical waveguides. The conventional magnetostrictive transducer for the generation and measurement of torsional waves consists of solenoid coils and a nickel strip bonded circumferentially to test pipes. The strip must be premagnetized by a permanent magnet before actual measurements. Because of the premagnetization, the transducer is not suitable for the long-term on-line monitoring of pipes buried underground. To avoid the cumbersome premagnetization and to improve the transduction efficiency, we propose a new transducer configuration using several pieces of nickel strips installed at 45 degrees with respect to the pipe axis. If a static bias magnetic field is also applied, the transducer output can be substantially increased. Several experiments were conducted to study the performance of the proposed transducer configuration. The proposed transducer configuration was also applied for damage detection in an aluminum pipe.
Flow-Through Nanohole Array Based Sensing (2009)

Integration of nanohole array based sensing in microfluidic environments has been focus of several recent works. However, nanohole array based sensing performed to date has involved dead-ended holes that fail to harness the potential benefits provided by flow-through operation. Potential benefits include enhanced transport of reactants via nanoconfinement and solution sieving. Here, we describe computer based analysis related with nanofluidic transport and solid mechanics under a flow-through sensing scheme. We also demonstrate experimental nanofluidic flow-through transport and its application to real-time monitoring of self-assembled monolayer creation and biomarker detection.
Lung Microvascular Transport Properties Measured by Multiple Indicator Dilution Methods in Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Comparison between Patients Reversing Respiratory Failure and Those Failing to Reverse (1990)

We conducted indicator dilution studies on the lungs of patients in the early phases of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to test the hypothesis that capillary permeability was increased in patients with respiratory failure. Indicator dilution studies were performed using 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-albumin, 14C-urea, and 3H-water as tracers. The injectate was infused as a bolus into a central venous line. Peripheral arterial blood was collected and counted for radioactivity. Mathematical analysis of the indicator curves yielded cardiac output, measures of the product of capillary permeability and surface area for urea (PS and D1/2S), the intravascular lung volume (Vv), and the extravascular lung water volume (Ve). Permeability was separated from surface area by normalizing PS and D1/2S to Vv. Patients could be divided into 16 in whom blood gas determinations and radiologic criteria for ARDS were reversed and 23 in whom they were not. We examined indicator dilution and other measures of lung function in the two groups to determine whether significant differences in microvascular function existed. PS and PS/Vv were significantly higher in the nonreversal patients. Ve was above normal, but not different between groups. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations for all of the following in the nonreversal group: Ve and all measures of permeability, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and the inverse of permeability-surface area measures and AaDO2 and PVR. Only measures of Ve and PS correlated in the reversal group. These results support the hypothesis that capillary permeability is increased in patients with early ARDS and continuing respiratory failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Fifty Percent Plus Efficiency Mid Range Advanced Cheng Cycle (2002)

Cheng Power Systems, Inc. following the successful Cheng Cycle development based on the Allison 501KH, is developing a 50%+ efficiency medium-power-range Advanced Cheng Cycle. The recent development work involved the selection of a candidate gas turbine which possesses the following attributes: (1) a single shaft, (2) advanced compressor and turbine aerodynamic design, and (3) F-Class firing temperature. The targeted results were a 30MW+ output and 50%+ efficient intermediate-load Advanced Cheng Cycle with the simple-cycle performance characteristics of quick startup and shutdown and a $/kW cost comparable to simple-cycle machines, but at a combined-cycle efficiency. A candidate engine was selected which has the following performance characteristics: a compressor pressure ratio of 18:1, a turbine inlet temperature of 1250°C, and a net efficiency of 35%. Cheng Power has a unique software program which predicts the energy balance at various ambient conditions. The program takes into account the massive cooling air flows incorporated into advanced gas turbines and the heat recovery boiler performance characteristics when developing our performance analyses. The uniqueness of the Cheng Cycle is that it selects a trajectory of steam-to-air ratios to maintain high efficiency for the entire operating range of the power system, while offering competitive efficiency, simple hardware, the possibility of retrofit, fast response to load change, and feasible cogeneration plant operations. The quick startup of the Advanced Cheng Cycle is suitable for variable load operation in the mid range, i.e. 8 to 10 hours per day. This paper provides the energy balance of the proposed plant and its variation with ambient temperature. The paper also addresses the emission characteristics of this engine, which provides low NOx and CO emissions at levels that satisfy most U.S. EPA requirements without SCR or any other add-on devices.
Collagen fibril surface displays a constellation of sites capable of promoting fibril assembly, stability, and hemostasis (2010)

Fibrillar collagens form the structural basis of organs and tissues including the vasculature, bone, and tendon. They are also dynamic, organizational scaffolds that present binding and recognition sites for ligands, cells, and platelets. We interpret recently published X-ray diffraction findings and use atomic force microscopy data to illustrate the significance of new insights into the functional organization of the collagen fibril. These data indicate that collagen's most crucial functional domains localize primarily to the overlap region, comprising a constellation of sites we call the "master control region." Moreover, the collagen's most exposed aspect contains its most stable part-the C-terminal region that controls collagen assembly, cross-linking, and blood clotting. Hidden beneath the fibril surface exists a constellation of "cryptic" sequences poised to promote hemostasis and cell-collagen interactions in tissue injury and regeneration. These findings begin to address several important, and previously unresolved, questions: How functional domains are organized in the fibril, which domains are accessible, and which require proteolysis or structural trauma to become exposed? Here we speculate as to how collagen fibrillar organization impacts molecular processes relating to tissue growth, development, and repair.
Adjustable photoacoustic tomography probe improves light delivery and image quality (2018)

One cause for suboptimal photoacoustic tomography (PAT) penetration depth is attenuation of incident light by soft tissue. To better understand this problem, we investigated the effects of illumination fiber optic bundle geometry on PAT penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio. An adjustable, motorized PAT probe was used to reduce probe-skin reflection artifacts and improve light distribution in the image acquisition plane by tuning fiber orientation. We validated our motorized PAT probe through Monte Carlo simulations and <i>ex vivo</i> imaging of a tissue mimicking phantom, and <i>in vivo</i> imaging of murine periaortic fat. Overall, our <i>ex vivo</i> results showed a several millimeter improvement in penetration depth and <i>in vivo</i> results showed a >62% increase in lipid signal-to-noise ratio. Our PAT probe also utilized a 7-μm aluminum filter to block <i>in vivo</i> probe-skin reflection artifacts. Together, these findings showed the importance of optimizing illumination geometry to enhance PAT image quality.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Borna Disease Virions Released from Infected Neuroblastoma Cells (1994)

Borna disease is a rare but severe neurological disease of horses and sheep. Borna disease virus (BDV) has not been fully characterized because cell-free virus has not been isolated. Homogenates of infected brain are infectious both for animals and for some cell lines in culture. We report here the partial purification and characterization of cell-free BDV from the tissue culture supernatant of infected human neuroblastoma SKNSH cells. A single negative strand 10-kb RNA was detected in purified virions. Immunoprecipitation analysis of the BDV proteins in purified virions shows the presence of the 60-, 38-, 24-, and 14-kDa proteins previously identified as BDV-specific proteins in infected cells.
Low-cost polymer infrared imaging lens (2003)

A low-cost polymer infrared imaging lens well suited to military and security applications in the 8 to 14 μm region has been made. It has a focal length of 25 mm, and an f/number of 0.8. The design requires four aspheric or Fresnel surfaces. Remarkable performance has been demonstrated.
Glycan Analysis by Isobaric Aldehyde Reactive Tags and Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Glycans play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, quantitative analysis of glycans from normal and disease specimens can provide insight into disease onset and progression. Relative glycan quantification usually requires modification of the glycans with either chromogenic or fluorogenic tags for optical measurement or isotopic tags for mass spectrometric analysis. Because of rapid advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instruments in resolution, sensitivity, and speed, MS-based methods have become increasingly popular for glycan analysis in the past decade. However, current isotopic tags for glycan labeling are mostly mass-shift tags generating mass differences in precursor ions for quantification, which can complicate mass spectra. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of isobaric aldehyde reactive tags (iARTs) for glycan quantification using tandem MS. We applied iARTs to the relative identification and quantification of glycans of gp120, a glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus. The results show that iARTs provide strong signals for glycan identification. Although we only show the synthesis and characterization of two iARTs reagents, iARTs can be readily expanded to six-plex tags for quantitative analysis of six samples concurrently.
Bioactive Peptide-modified Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration (2011)

Bioactive biomaterials are desirable as tissue engineering scaffolds by virtue of their capability to mimic the natural environment of the extracellular matrix. Bioactive biomaterials have been achieved by incorporating synthetic short peptide sequences into suitable materials either by surface modification or by bulk incorporation. The goal is to enhance cell attachment and other basic functions. Bioactive peptides can be obtained from biological or chemically synthesized sources, increasing their specific cellular responses for tissue growth and development. Compared to using an entire growth factor in regenerative therapy, these peptides demonstrate potential advantages such as overcoming possible immunogenicity, being less susceptible to degradation, and producing fewer tumor-related side effects. Biomaterial scaffolds modified with peptides can provide biological ligands for cell-scaffold interactions that promote cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Peptide-based biomaterial scaffolds can be fabricated to form two- and three-dimensional structures. This review discusses cell-binding, biominerailization inducing peptides, and receptor-binding peptides for bone regeneration. This review also addresses issues related to peptide immobilization as well as potential complications that may develop as a result of using these versatile bioactive peptides. The development of self-assembled peptide amphiphiles with the goal of generating new three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering is also summarized.
Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture Methods Under cGMP Conditions (2020)

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized the approach to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Reprogramming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like pluripotent state provides an invaluable resource of patient-specific cells of any lineage. Implementation of procedures and protocols adapted to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements is critical to ensure robust and consistent high-quality iPSC manufacturing. The technology developed at Allele Biotechnology for iPSC generation under cGMP conditions is a powerful platform for derivation of pluripotent stem cells through a footprint-free, feeder-free, and xeno-free reprogramming method. The cGMP process established by Allele Biotechnology entails fully cGMP compliant iPSC lines where the entire manufacturing process, from tissue collection, cell reprogramming, cell expansion, cell banking and quality control testing are adopted. Previously, we described in this series of publications how to create iPSCs using mRNA only, and how to do so under cGMP conditions. In this article, we describe in detail how to culture, examine and storage cGMP-iPSCs using reagents, materials and equipment compliant with cGMP standards. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: iPSC Dissociation Support Protocol 1: Stem cell media Support Protocol 2: ROCK inhibitor preparation Support Protocol 3: Vitronectin coating Basic Protocol 2: iPSC Cryopreservation Basic Protocol 3: iPSC Thawing.