gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Inositol(s) in Women with PCOS: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (2016)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, with complex etiology and pathophysiology, which remains poorly understood. It affects about 5-10% of women of reproductive age who typically suffer from obesity, hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and menstrual irregularity. Indeed, PCOS is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility in industrialized nations, and it is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and increased cardiovascular risk. Although insulin resistance is not included as a criterion for diagnosis, it is a critical pathological condition of PCOS. The purpose of this systematic review is the analysis of recent randomized clinical trials of inositol(s) in PCOS, in particular myo- and D-chiro-inositol, in order to better elucidate their physiological involvement in PCOS and potential therapeutic use, alone and in conjunction with assisted reproductive technologies, in the clinical treatment of women with PCOS.
Photophysics of Aminoxanthone Derivatives and Their Application as Binding Probes for DNA† (2005)

Xanthones with amino substituents were synthesized to diminish the photoreactivity of the xanthone chromophore with DNA, with the objective of using these molecules to study their binding dynamics with DNA. The aminoxanthones showed a strong solvatochromic effect on their singlet and triplet excited-state photophysics, where polar solvents led to a decrease of the energies for the excited states. Quenching of the triplet excited states by nitrite anions was used to determine the binding dynamics, and a residence time in the microsecond time domain was estimated for the bound 2-aminoxanthone with DNA. The quenching experiments performed showed that this methodology will not be applicable to study the binding dynamics of a wide variety of guests with DNA.
40Gb/s Ge-on-SOI waveguide photodetectors by selective Ge growth (2008)

Ge waveguide photodetectors with dimension of 7.4 μm × 50 ゼm and 4.4 μm × 100 μm demonstrated optical bandwidth of 31.3 GHz and 29.4 GHz, responsivity of 0.89 A/W and 1.16 A/W at 1550 nm, and 40 Gb/s open eye diagrams at -2V.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectrics on Graphene Using Reversibly Physisorbed Ozone (2012)

Integration of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) requires the ability to grow or deposit high-quality, ultrathin dielectric insulators on graphene to modulate the channel potential. Here, we study a novel and facile approach based on atomic layer deposition through ozone functionalization to deposit high-κ dielectrics (such as Al(2)O(3)) without breaking vacuum. The underlying mechanisms of functionalization have been studied theoretically using ab initio calculations and experimentally using in situ monitoring of transport properties. It is found that ozone molecules are physisorbed on the surface of graphene, which act as nucleation sites for dielectric deposition. The physisorbed ozone molecules eventually react with the metal precursor, trimethylaluminum to form Al(2)O(3). Additionally, we successfully demonstrate the performance of dual-gated GFETs with Al(2)O(3) of sub-5 nm physical thickness as a gate dielectric. Back-gated GFETs with mobilities of ~19,000 cm(2)/(V·s) are also achieved after Al(2)O(3) deposition. These results indicate that ozone functionalization is a promising pathway to achieve scaled gate dielectrics on graphene without leaving a residual nucleation layer.
Chronic Health Conditions in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer (2006)

Survivors of childhood cancer have a high rate of illness owing to chronic health conditions.
Confesionales versus interconfesionales. La Santa Sede y los católicos alemanes (1907-1922) (2023)

Este escrito tiene sus límites en la documentación del ASV y en el período\nde Pío X. En algún caso hemos sobrepasado agosto de 1914. Pretende ver,\ndesde esta fuente y desde este Papa, la deriva de aquel sector del catolicismo\nalemán, que apostó por una presencia en la sociedad a través de organizaciones\ninterconfesionales, y la oposición que hubo a esa orientación. Como se indica en sus páginas finales, las relaciones de la Santa Sede con él fue peculiar. Lo era la\nfuerza social de sus organizaciones y el hecho de que desde hacía siglos, los\ncatólicos vivían en medio de los protestantes y, en esos años, en el cambio de\nsiglo, tenían que competir los católicos con un Partido Socialdemócrata fuerte.
PolyWorld: Polygonal Building Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Satellite Images (2022)

While most state-of-the-art instance segmentation methods produce binary segmentation masks, geographic and cartographic applications typically require precise vector polygons of extracted objects instead of rasterized output. This paper introduces PolyWorld, a neural network that directly extracts building vertices from an image and connects them correctly to create precise polygons. The model predicts the connection strength between each pair of vertices using a graph neural network and estimates the assignments by solving a differentiable optimal transport problem. Moreover, the vertex positions are optimized by minimizing a combined segmentation and polygonal angle difference loss. PolyWorld significantly outperforms the state of the art in building polygonization and achieves not only notable quantitative results, but also produces visually pleasing building polygons. Code and trained weights are publicly available at https://thub.com/zorzis/yWorl-PoldPretrainedNetwork.
New Insights into the Control of Pulsatile GnRH Release: The Role of Kiss1/Neurokinin B Neurons (2012)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the ultimate output signal of an intricate network of neuroendocrine factors that, acting on the pituitary, trigger gonadotropin release. In turn, gonadotropins exert their trophic action on the gonads to stimulate the synthesis of sex steroids thus completing the gonadotropic axis through feedback regulatory mechanisms of GnRH release. These feedback loops are predominantly inhibitory in both sexes, leading to tonic pulsatile release of GnRH from puberty onward. However, in the female, rising levels of estradiol along the estrous cycle evoke an additional positive feedback that prompts a surge-like pattern of GnRH release prior to ovulation. Kisspeptins, secreted from hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons, are poised as major conduits to regulate this dual secretory pathway. Kiss1 neurons are diverse in origin, nature, and function, convening distinct neuronal populations in two main hypothalamic nuclei: the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Recent studies from our group and others point out Kiss1 neurons in the ARC as the plausible generator of GnRH pulses through a system of pulsatile kisspeptin release shaped by the coordinated action of neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (Dyn) that are co-expressed in Kiss1 neurons (so-called KNDy neurons). In this review, we aim to document the recent findings and working models directed toward the identification of the Kiss1-dependent mechanisms of GnRH release through a synoptic overview of the state-of-the-art in the field.
Elastic stress indication in elastically rebounded rock (2011)

It has long been believed impossible to estimate maximum paleo‐elastic stress in rocks, because elastic strain disappears by elastic rebound when a rock is sampled. Plastic strain, on the other hand, leaves a permanent change in rocks even after stress is relaxed. For example, calcite records plastic strain as stress‐dependent intracrystalline deformation by mechanical twinning. What happens if a rock contains a small amount of calcite bounded by silicate‐rich matrix is elastically loaded? To answer this question, we performed a series of triaxial compression tests of sandstones containing calcite particles under the elastic regime. The statistical data show a good correlation between the density of calcite twins in elastically rebounded sandstone specimens and the maximum elastic stress applied. To investigate in detail our experimental results, we used the discrete element method (DEM) to perform a numerical simulation of uni‐axial compression tests on sandstone. Our DEM simulation shows the complex distribution of inter‐particle forces at each stress level. However, its statistical mean corresponds to the overall force load at the boundary. This simulation result confirms that the statistically averaged calcite twin density can be regarded as a good stress indicator in real sandstones.
Activation-dependent redistribution of the adhesion plaque protein, talin, in intact human platelets [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1990 Mar;110(3):865] (1989)

Talin is a high molecular weight protein localized at adhesion plaques in fibroblasts. It binds vinculin and integrin and appears to participate in generating a transmembrane connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. We have recently shown that talin is an abundant protein in platelets, cells highly specialized for regulated adhesion. Although talin constitutes greater than 3% of the total protein in intact human platelets, its location within the cells had not been defined. In the work reported here, we have investigated the distribution of talin in resting and activated human platelets by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. We have found that talin undergoes an activation-dependent change in its subcellular location. In resting platelets, which are nonadhesive, talin is uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In contrast, in thrombin- and glass-activated, substratum-adherent platelets, talin is concentrated at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. This dramatic, regulated redistribution of talin raises the possibility that talin plays a role in the controlled development of platelet adhesion.
Tunable Cr/sup 4+/:YSO Q-switched Cr:LiCAF laser (1995)

Tunable passive Q-switching (781 nm to 806 nm at 300 K) of a flash-lamp pumped Cr/sup 3+/:LiCaAlF/sub 6/ (Cr:LiCAF) laser with a Cr/sup 4+/:Y/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (Cr/sup 4+/:YSO) broad-band solid-state saturable absorber has been realized. Typical pulse widths of the Q-switched laser output ranged from 40 ns to 80 ns, depending on the lasing wavelength. Spectral narrowing and reduced beam diameter with the use of the saturable absorber were observed. The ground state and the excited state absorption cross sections of the Cr/sup 4+/:YSO absorber were found by bleaching experiments to be (7.0/spl plusmn/1.4)/spl times/10/sup -19/ cm/sup 2/ and (2.3/spl plusmn/0.5)/spl times/10/sup -19/ cm/sup 2/ at 694 nm, respectively. Numerical simulation was utilized to simulate the Cr:LiCAF passive Q-switching with Cr/sup 4+/:YSO solid-state saturable absorber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipid microbubbles as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery using focused ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier opening (2016)

Focused ultrasound in conjunction with lipid microbubbles has fully demonstrated its ability to induce non-invasive, transient, and reversible blood-brain barrier opening. This study was aimed at testing the feasibility of our lipid-coated microbubbles as a vector for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. These microbubbles were labeled with the fluorophore 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. Focused ultrasound targeted mouse brains in vivo in the presence of these microbubbles for trans-blood-brain barrier delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. This new approach, compared to previously studies of our group, where fluorescently labeled dextrans and microbubbles were co-administered, represents an appreciable improvement in safety outcome and targeted drug delivery. This novel technique allows the delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein at the region of interest unlike the alternative of systemic exposure. 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein delivery was assessed by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and by in vivo transcranial passive cavitation detection. Stable and inertial cavitation doses were quantified. The cavitation dose thresholds for estimating, a priori, successful targeted drug delivery were, for the first time, identified with inertial cavitation were concluded to be necessary for successful delivery. The findings presented herein indicate the feasibility and safety of the proposed microbubble-based targeted drug delivery and that, if successful, can be predicted by cavitation detection in vivo.
Transmission of 214-Gbit/s 4-PAM signal using an ultra-broadband lumped-electrode EADFB laser module (2016)

Using a lumped-electrode EADFB laser with a modulation bandwidth of ~59 GHz, we demonstrated single-wavelength single-polarization direct-detection 4-PAM transmission with the record net data rate of 200 Gbit/s.
Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Dabigatran Etexilate, an Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (2009)

Dabigatran etexilate is a novel, oral reversible direct thrombin inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed and converted to its active form, dabigatran. Dabigatran has been shown to be a potent, competitive, and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, inhibiting both thrombin activity and generation. Studies in healthy volunteers and in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery indicate that dabigatran has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for a fixed-dose regimen without the need for coagulation monitoring. In healthy volunteers, peak plasma concentrations of dabigatran are reached approximately 2 hours after oral administration. The elimination half-life is 12 to 14 hours, with clearance predominantly occurring via renal excretion of unchanged drug. Dabigatran is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, has no interactions with food, and also has a low potential for drug-drug interactions. The pharmacokinetic profile of dabigatran is consistent across a broad range of different patient populations and is unaffected by gender, body weight, ethnic origin, obesity, and mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment. Small differences in dabigatran pharmacokinetics associated with age are attributable to variation in renal function. Dabigatran etexilate produces a predictable pharmacodynamic effect and requires no coagulation monitoring. It has been approved in the European Union (EU) and Canada for prophylaxis of thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its use in the treatment of venous thromboembolism, prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and treatment of thromboembolic complications, following acute coronary syndromes.
Information Stream Oriented Content Adaptation for Pervasive Computing (2005)

Content adaptation is a challenging work due to the dynamism and heterogeneity of the pervasive computing environments. Some researchers address this issue by organizing services into customized applications dynamically. However, due to the maintenance of the dependencies between services, these systems become more complicated with the growing of the system scale. Programming for these systems is also error-prone. This paper introduces our work in this field, UbiCon, an information streams oriented content adaptation system. By abstracting information streams into generic CONTENT entities, the system provides a simple and powerful means for services to operate information stream. The CONTENT is created by the system dynamically, and essentially has local association with related services. As a result, the CONTENT is also used as a loosely coupling mechanism for cooperating associated services. By abstracting services with a T model, the services effectively cooperate together with other services. As a result, a collection of sophisticated applications can be built with this services model. As a proof of concept, we have developed a prototype implementation. The preliminary experiments show the effectiveness of this system.
Gain-coupled strained layer MQW-DFB lasers with an essentially simplified fabrication process for /spl lambda/=1.55 μm (1995)

A gain-coupled (GC) strained-layer (SL) multi-quantum-well (MQW) distributed-feedback (DFB) laser with a metallized surface grating and a substantially simplified fabrication process made by single-step epitaxy without corrugation overgrowth is described. The complex coupling coefficient can be adjusted by the contact metallization. Room-temperature single-mode continuous-wave (CW) operation with a threshold current of 22 mA, an output power of 20 mW, and a linewidth of 2.5 MHz is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Local Optimization Based Segmentation of Spatially-Recurring, Multi-Region Objects With Part Configuration Constraints (2014)

Incorporating prior knowledge into image segmentation algorithms has proven useful for obtaining more accurate and plausible results. Two important constraints, containment and exclusion of regions, have gained attention in recent years mainly due to their descriptive power. In this paper, we augment the level set framework with the ability to handle these two intuitive geometric relationships, containment and exclusion, along with a distance constraint between boundaries of multi-region objects. Level set's important property of automatically handling topological changes of evolving contours/surfaces enables us to segment spatially-recurring objects (e.g., multiple instances of multi-region cells in a large microscopy image) while satisfying the two aforementioned constraints. In addition, the level set approach gives us a very simple and natural way to compute the distance between contours/surfaces and impose constraints on it. The downside, however, is a local optimization framework in which the final segmentation solution depends on the initialization. In fact, here, we sacrifice the optimizability (local instead of global solution) in exchange for lower space complexity (less memory usage) and faster runtime (especially for large microscopic images) as well as no grid artifacts. Nevertheless, the result from validating our method on several biomedical applications showed the utility and advantages of this augmented level set framework (even with rough initialization that is distant from the desired boundaries). We also compared our framework with its counterpart methods in the discrete domain and reported the pros and cons of each of these methods in terms of metrication error and efficiency in memory usage and runtime.
Single-Measurement Excitation/Emission Matrix Spectrofluorometer for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Ocean Water. 1. Instrumentation and Background Correction (1996)

A spectrofluorometer capable of dispersed-spectrum, simultaneous, multiwavelength UV excitation and collection of luminescence has been constructed for the purpose of qualitatively and quantitatively determining aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants dissolved in ocean water. Hydrocarbon fluorescence data produced by this instrument were in the form of excitation/emission matrices, which provide more spectral information about these complex mixtures than is available from conventional excitation or emission fluorescence profiles. Second-order statistical methods were applied to these data to determine low part-per-billion concentrations of two primary fluorescent compounds, naphthalene and styrene, found in ocean water exposed to gasoline despite the presence of uncalibrated interference from similar aromatic compounds, the ocean water matrix, and the instrumental background.
Effects of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, on ascites and serum sodium in cirrhosis with hyponatremia (2008)

The V(2) receptor antagonist satavaptan improves the control of ascites and increases serum sodium in patients with cirrhosis, ascites, and hyponatremia under diuretic treatment.
Analysis of inline-filter blockage with trastuzumab formulation using scanning-electron microscopy (2019)

The instability of pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies are affected by physical stimuli including, temperature, denaturant, surfactant, stirring, solid phase adsorption, oxidation, and ultraviolet rays. Clinically, we frequently experience precipitation during preparation of several pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies for cancer. Although it is possible to remove precipitates in the injection solution during the preparation procedure, potential filter blockade during administration remains a problem with adverse effects on the quality of life of patients. Therefore we sought to investigate factors contributing to this phenomenon. To closely observed the mechanisms involved in blockade of filters during trastuzumab preparation, we prepared samples under the same conditions used in clinical practice and observed them comprehensively. The precipitates that caused filter blockade were observed when the samples were vigorously shaken and left for several hours after dissolving. The precipitates were identified as proteins. The vigorous shaking caused contact between the protein and air, which induced protein precipitation caused by the surfactants derived from the foam formation. We discovered that the external stimulation may cause the instability of monoclonal antibody preparations and, so, it is important for procedures to be as rapid to avoid precipitate formation as much as possible.
Differences in signaling pathways by IL-1β and IL-18 (2004)

IL-1 and IL-18 are members of the IL-1 family of ligands, and their receptors are members of the IL-1 receptor family. Although several biological properties overlap for these cytokines, differences exist. IL-18 uniquely induces IFN-gamma from T lymphocytes and natural killer cells but does not cause fever, whereas fever is a prominent characteristic of IL-1 in humans and animals. In the present study, human epithelial cells were stably transfected with the IL-18 receptor beta chain and responded to IL-18 with increased production of IL-1alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. Five minutes after exposure to either cytokine, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 was present; specific inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced IL-18 activity to background levels. Whereas IL-1beta induced the expression of the NF-kappaB-reporter gene and was suppressed by competitive inhibition of NF-kappaB binding, IL-18 responses were weak or absent. In contrast to IL-1beta, IL-18 also did not activate degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor. After 4 h, both cytokines induced comparable levels of mRNA for the chemokine IL-8 but, in the same cells, steady-state levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA were high after IL-1beta but low or absent after IL-18. After 30 h, IL-18-induced COX-2 appeared in part to be IL-1 dependent. Similarly, low levels of prostaglandin E2 were measured in IL-18-stimulated A549 cells and freshly obtained primary human monocytes and mouse macrophages. We conclude that in epithelial cells, IL-18 signal transduction is primarily via the MAPK p38 pathway rather than NF-kappaB, which may explain the absence of COX-2 and the failure of IL-18 to cause fever.