gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analog micro-optics fabrication by use of a two-dimensional binary phase-grating mask (2005)

The utilization of phase-mask technology for the fabrication of an analog micro-optics profile with a thick photoresist was investigated. A two-dimensional phase-grating mask with pi phase depth can produce a desired analog variation of exposure intensity, which allows one to vary the thickness of an analog photoresist after its exposure by a photolithographic stepper and development of the photoresist. A two-dimensional phase-grating mask of square pixels was simulated, designed, and fabricated. The fabrication of analog micro-optics in a thick SPR-220 photoresist by use of this phase mask was also demonstrated.
Experimental assessment of manual versus tool-based maintenance of GUI-directed test scripts (2009)

Since manual black-box testing of GUI-based APplications (GAPs) is tedious and laborious, test engineers create test scripts to automate the testing process. These test scripts interact with GAPs by performing actions on their GUI objects. As GAPs evolve, testers should fix their corresponding test scripts so that they can reuse them to test successive releases of GAPs. Currently, there are two main modes of maintaining test scripts: tool-based and manual. In practice, there is no consensus what approach testers should use to maintain test scripts. Test managers make their decisions ad hoc, based on their personal experience and perceived benefits of the tool-based approach versus the manual. In this paper we describe a case study with forty five professional programmers and test engineers to experimentally assess the tool-based approach for maintaining GUI-directed test scripts versus the manual approach. Based on the results of our case study and considering the high cost of the programmers' time and the lower cost of the time of test engineers, and considering that programmers often modify GAP objects in the process of developing software we recommend organizations to supply programmers with testing tools that enable them to fix test scripts faster so that these scripts can unit test software. The other side of our recommendation is that experienced test engineers are likely to be as productive with the manual approach as with the tool-based approach, and we consequently recommend that organizations do not need to provide each tester with an expensive tool license to fix test scripts.
A novel extraction procedure to determine the noise parameters of on-wafer devices (2013)

A new procedure for the extraction of noise parameters of on-wafer devices is presented and validated experimentally for the first time. The procedure is based on the noise figure measurement of similar devices of different size and biased at constant drain current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and constant drain voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> . Key to its implementation is a scalable noise model. The model in use is the Pospieszalski noise model, based on the equivalent noise temperatures T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> of the gate-source and the drain-source resistance, respectively. The new procedure also outlines a path towards the experimental validation of all the noise temperatures associated with the device's lossy elements.
ChemInform Abstract: IMIDAZO(4,5‐F)QUINOLINES. III. ANTIBACTERIAL 7‐METHYL‐9‐(SUBSTITUTED ARYLAMINO)IMIDAZO(4,5‐F)QUINOLINES (1977)

Abstract Nach bereits beschriebenen Methoden werden die Imidazochinoline (III) und (IV) aus (I) und Arylaminen synthetisiert.
Aryl coupling reactions of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl radicals (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAryl coupling reactions of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl radicalsJeffery B. Press, Nancy H. Eudy, and George O. MortonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 24, 4605–4611Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00172a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00172a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction: Polymorphic Variants of LIGHT (TNF Superfamily-14) Alter Receptor Avidity and Bioavailability (2010)

Cheung, T. C., K. Coppieters, H. Sanjo, L. M. Oborne, P. S. Norris, A. Coddington, S. W. Granger, D. Elewaut, and C. F. Ware. 2010. Polymorphic variants of LIGHT (TNF superfamily-14) alter receptor avidity and bioavailability. J . Immunol . 185: [1949–1958][1].

One of the authors was omitted from
Poly(<scp>L</scp>-lactic acid-<i>co</i>-amino acid) Graft Copolymers: A Class of Functional Biodegradable Biomaterials (1996)

The synthesis of poly(L-lactic acid-co-L-lysine), poly(L-lactic acid-co-β-benzyl-L-aspartate), and poly(L-lactic acid-co-D,L-alanine) comb-like graft copolymers and their characterization by 1H NMR and elemental analysis are presented. The lysine ε-amino groups in linear poly(L-lactic acid-co-L-lysine) copolymers with approximately 1% lysine content were utilized to initiate the ring opening polymerization of the amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to yield the graft copolymers.
All-Optical Frequency Modulated High Pressure MEMS Sensor for Remote and Distributed Sensing (2011)

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of a new all-optical frequency modulated pressure sensor. Using the tangential strain in a circular membrane, a waveguide with an integrated nanoscale Bragg grating is strained longitudinally proportional to the applied pressure causing a shift in the Bragg wavelength. The simple and robust design combined with the small chip area of 1 × 1.8 mm2 makes the sensor ideally suited for remote and distributed sensing in harsh environments and where miniaturized sensors are required. The sensor is designed for high pressure applications up to 350 bar and with a sensitivity of 4.8 pm/bar (i.e., 350 ×10(5) Pa and 4.8 × 10(-5) pm/Pa, respectively).
Stable Antibiotic Sensitivity Disks (1976)

Two methods of preparing sensitivity disks were compared for their effect on disk stability at 25 and 37 C. One method consisted of applying a solution of the antibiotic to blank disks by the conventional procedure; the second method consisted of applying the antibiotic to the disks as a suspension of crystals. Of the four beta-lactam antibiotics that were studied, disks made with suspended crystals were substantially more stable than corresponding disks made by the conventional method. The increased stability is related to the greater chemical stability of the antibiotics in the crystalline versus the amorphous state.
Taking tomatoes to heart. (2007)

There is compelling evidence for tomatoes to be considered as a cardiovascular protective food, due to the presence of many nutrients which have been associated with its perceived and/or proven effects on the cardiovascular system. However, despite an inverse association found for high intake of tomatobased products, dietary lycopene has not been strongly associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This indicates that other unidentified compounds in tomatoes may have Correspondence/Reprint request: Professor Asim K. Duttaroy, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: a.k.duttaroy@medisin.uio.no
Design of a Robotic Traction Device for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (2022)

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) for the removal of large lesions en-bloc is an emerging endoscopic technique [1]. However, the often blocked surgical view by dissected mucosa prolongs the time for operation, steepens the learning curve, and increases the risk of complications. Traction assisting methods are used widely to increase exposure to the submucosal surgical field. Cost-effective methods such as magnetic anchor and clip-and-string offer effective independent retraction but limiting to uni-direction. Secondary hand methods, including the use of external forceps, double- balloon, and robotic-assisted systems [2], are more dexterous in tissue manipulation but suffer from coupling lifter and dissector motion. Recent bimanual endoscopic robots prompt to provide an optimal solution but the long development time and large investment involved hinder the ready applicability of these complex systems. In this work, we aim to explore a portable robotic platform that provides dexterous tissue manipulation to comprehend the dynamics in ESD, as an alternate and reference to the more advanced robotic platform.
N-Terminus Alkylation of Vancomycin: Ligand Binding Affinity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Site-Specific Nature of Quaternary Trimethylammonium Salt Modification (2018)

A series of vancomycin derivatives alkylated at the N-terminus amine were synthesized, including those that contain quaternary trimethylammonium salts either directly at the terminal amine site or with an intervening three-carbon spacer. The examination of their properties provides important comparisons with a C-terminus trimethylammonium salt modification that we recently found to improve the antimicrobial potency of vancomycin analogues through an added mechanism of action. The N-terminus modifications disclosed herein were well-tolerated, minimally altering model ligand binding affinities (d-Ala-d-Ala) and antimicrobial activity, but did not induce membrane permeabilization that was observed with a similar C-terminus modification. The results indicate that our earlier observations with the C-terminus modification are sensitive to the site as well as structure of the trimethylammonium salt modification and are not simply the result of nonspecific effects derived from introduction of a cationic charge.
Altered Levels of Aroma and Volatiles by Metabolic Engineering of Shikimate Pathway Genes in Tomato Fruits (2015)

The tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) fruit is an excellent source of antioxidants, dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins and therefore has been referred to as a “functional food”. Ripe tomato fruits produce a large number of specialized metabolites including volatile organic compounds. These volatiles serve as key components of the tomato fruit flavor, participate in plant pathogen and herbivore defense, and are used to attract seed dispersers. A major class of specialized metabolites is derived from the shikimate pathway followed by aromatic amino acid biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. We attempted to modify tomato fruit flavor by overexpressing key regulatory genes in the shikimate pathway. Bacterial genes encoding feedback-insensitive variants of 3-Deoxy-D-Arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthase (DAHPS; AroG<sub>209-9</sub>) and bi-functional Chorismate Mutase/Prephenate Dehydratase (CM/PDT; PheA<sub>12</sub>) were expressed under the control of a fruit-specific promoter. We crossed these transgenes to generate tomato plants expressing both the AroG<sub>209</sub> and PheA<sub>12</sub> genes. Overexpression of the AroG<sub>209-9</sub> gene had a dramatic effect on the overall metabolic profile of the fruit, including enhanced levels of multiple volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In contrast, the PheA<sub>12</sub> overexpression line exhibited minor metabolic effects compared to the wild type fruit. Co-expression of both the AroG<sub>209-9</sub> and PheA<sub>12 </sub>genes<sub> </sub>in tomato resulted overall in a similar metabolic effect to that of expressing only the AroG<sub>209-9 </sub>gene. However, the aroma ranking attributes of the tomato fruits from PheA<sub>12</sub>//AroG<sub>209-9</sub> were unique and different from those of the lines expressing a single gene, suggesting a contribution of the PheA<sub>12</sub> gene to the overall metabolic profile. We suggest that expression of bacterial genes encoding feedback-insensitive enzymes of the shikimate pathway in tomato fruits provides a useful metabolic engineering tool for the modification of fruits aroma and the generation of new combinations of tomato flavors.
Trace analysis by metastable energy transfer for atomic luminescence (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrace analysis by metastable energy transfer for atomic luminescenceWilliam B. Dodge and Ralph O. AllenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 8, 1279–1286Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00231a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00231a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced SQL modeling in RDBMS (2005)

Commercial relational database systems lack support for complex business modeling. ANSI SQL cannot treat relations as multidimensional arrays and define multiple, interrelated formulas over them, operations which are needed for business modeling. Relational OLAP (ROLAP) applications have to perform such tasks using joins, SQL Window Functions, complex CASE expressions, and the GROUP BY operator simulating the pivot operation. The designated place in SQL for calculations is the SELECT clause, which is extremely limiting and forces the user to generate queries with nested views, subqueries and complex joins. Furthermore, SQL query optimizers are preoccupied with determining efficient join orders and choosing optimal access methods and largely disregard optimization of multiple, interrelated formulas. Research into execution methods has thus far concentrated on efficient computation of data cubes and cube compression rather than on access structures for random, interrow calculations. This has created a gap that has been filled by spreadsheets and specialized MOLAP engines, which are good at specification of formulas for modeling but lack the formalism of the relational model, are difficult to coordinate across large user groups, exhibit scalability problems, and require replication of data between the tool and RDBMS. This article presents an SQL extension called SQL Spreadsheet , to provide array calculations over relations for complex modeling. We present optimizations, access structures, and execution models for processing them efficiently. Special attention is paid to compile time optimization for expensive operations like aggregation. Furthermore, ANSI SQL does not provide a good separation between data and computation and hence cannot support parameterization for SQL Spreadsheets models. We propose two parameterization methods for SQL. One parameterizes ANSI SQL view using subqueries and scalars, which allows passing data to SQL Spreadsheet. Another method presents parameterization of the SQL Spreadsheet formulas. This supports building stand-alone SQL Spreadsheet libraries. These models are then subject to the SQL Spreadsheet optimizations during model invocation time.
Supercolor Coding Methods for Large-Scale Multiplexing of Biochemical Assays (2013)

We present a novel method for the encoding and decoding of multiplexed biochemical assays. The method enables a theoretically unlimited number of independent targets to be detected and uniquely identified in any combination in the same sample. For example, the method offers easy access to 12-plex and larger PCR assays, as contrasted to the current 4-plex assays. This advancement would allow for large panels of tests to be run simultaneously in the same sample, saving reagents, time, consumables, and manual labor, while also avoiding the traditional loss of sensitivity due to sample aliquoting. Thus, the presented method is a major technological breakthrough with far-reaching impact on biotechnology, biomedical science, and clinical diagnostics. Herein, we present the mathematical theory behind the method as well as its experimental proof of principle using Taqman PCR on sequences specific to infectious diseases.
Fault location in distribution system with load uncertainty analysis (2014)

Accurate fault location in distribution network of power system is an essential technology, yet facing more challenges than that in transmission systems. This study develops novel methods for feeder fault location using current/voltage sensors sparsely deployed in the network, in addition to the voltages and currents measured in the substation. Depending on the available sensor locations relative to the fault and the lateral conditions, the algorithm searches every possible path and calculates the fault distance and fault resistance by reducing the circuit to one of the two scenarios. Like all impedance based methods for feeder fault location, the proposed method relies on load values. However, the load values are difficult to obtain and time varying. In this paper, two load estimation methods, based on optimization and regression, respectively, are developed. The impact of load uncertainty on the proposed method is also studied. Simulation experiments show that the proposed fault location method is robust to load uncertainty and achieves high accuracy in various network and fault conditions.
Peptides of pHLIP family for targeted intracellular and extracellular delivery of cargo molecules to tumors (2018)

The pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) target acidity at the surfaces of cancer cells and show utility in a wide range of applications, including tumor imaging and intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents. Here we report pHLIP constructs that significantly improve the targeted delivery of agents into tumor cells. The investigated constructs include pHLIP bundles (conjugates consisting of two or four pHLIP peptides linked by polyethylene glycol) and Var3 pHLIPs containing either the nonstandard amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamic acid, or a glycine-leucine-leucine motif. The performance of the constructs in vitro and in vivo was compared with previous pHLIP variants. A wide range of experiments was performed on nine constructs including (<i>i</i>) biophysical measurements using steady-state and kinetic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and oriented circular dichroism to study the pH-dependent insertion of pHLIP variants across the membrane lipid bilayer; (<i>ii</i>) cell viability assays to gauge the pH-dependent potency of peptide-toxin constructs by assessing the intracellular delivery of the polar, cell-impermeable cargo molecule amanitin at physiological and low pH (pH 7.4 and 6.0, respectively); and (<i>iii</i>) tumor targeting and biodistribution measurements using fluorophore-peptide conjugates in a breast cancer mouse model. The main principles of the design of pHLIP variants for a range of medical applications are discussed.
File Marshal: Automatic extraction of peer-to-peer data (2007)

Digital forensic investigators often find peer-to-peer, or file sharing, software present on the computers, or the images of the disks, that they examine. Investigators must first determine what P2P software is present and where the associated information is stored, retrieve the information from the appropriate directories, and then analyze the results. File Marshal is a tool that will automatically detect and analyze peer-to-peer client use on a disk. The tool automates what is currently a manual and labor intensive process. It will determine what clients currently are or have been installed on a machine, and then extracts per-user usage information, specifically a list of peer servers contacted, and files that were shared and downloaded. The tool was designed to perform its actions in a forensically sound way, including maintaining a detailed audit trail of all actions performed. File Marshal is extensible, using a configuration file to specify details about specific peer-to-peer clients (e.g., location of log files and registry keys indicating installation). This paper describes the general design and features of File Marshal, its current status, and the plans for continued development and release. When complete, File Marshal, a National Institute of Justice funded effort, will be disseminated to law enforcement at no cost.
The <i>msbB</i> Mutant of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Strain NMB Has a Defect in Lipooligosaccharide Assembly and Transport to the Outer Membrane (2003)

A deletion-insertion mutation in msbB, a gene that encodes a lipid A acyltransferase, was introduced into encapsulated Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain NMB and an acapsular mutant of the same strain. These mutants were designated NMBA11K3 and NMBA11K3cap-, respectively. Neither lipooligosaccharide (LOS) nor lipid A could be isolated from NMBA11K3 although a number of techniques were tried, but both were easily extracted from NMBA11K3cap-. Immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6B4, which recognizes the terminal Galbeta1-4GlcNAc of LOS, demonstrated that NMB, NMBcap-, and NMBA11K3cap- expressed LOS circumferentially, while MAb 6B4 did not bind to the surface of NMBA11K3. However, cytoplasmic staining of NMBA11K3 with MAb 6B4 was a consistent observation. Mass-spectrometric analyses demonstrated that the relative amounts of the lipid A-specific C12:0 3-OH and C14:0 3-OH present in the membrane preparations (MP) from NMBA11K3 were substantially decreased (25- and 23-fold, respectively) compared to the amount in MP from its parent strain, NMB. Western blot analyses of MP from NMBA11K3 demonstrated that the levels of porin in the outer membrane of NMBA11K3 were also substantially decreased. These studies suggest that the lipid A acylation defect in encapsulated NMBA11K3 influences the assembly of the lipid A and consequently the incorporation of porin in the outer membrane.