gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on two-phase heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks with hotspots (2003)

Hotspots, imposed by spatially non-uniform heat flux in a high performance circuit, increase the chip maximum junction temperature, which degrades the reliability and performance of electronic equipment. Microchannel heat sinks with two-phase convective heat transfer are effective for removing high heat flux exceeding 100 W/cm/sup 2/. Cross-linking of microchannels can be promising for achieving better temperature uniformity and more effective cooling due to the lateral fluid transport and mixing. This study experimentally investigates the impact of mass flow distribution on the chip temperature field in a multi-channel heat sink. Furthermore, the performance of two microchannel heat sinks is compared with different configurations: a regular microchannel heat sink and a cross-linked microchannel heat sink.
Abstract A23: Cell autonomous and nonautonomous activities of heat shock factor 1 support tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis (2013)

Abstract The heat-shock response is a powerful transcriptional program which acts genome-wide, not only to restore the normal protein folding through the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP), but to re-shape global cellular pathways controlling survival, growth and metabolism. In mammals, this response is regulated primarily by the Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor. We have previously shown that HSF1 plays a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, by promoting the survival and malignance of tumor cells, both in tissue culture and in mouse models of cancer [1]. Recently we demonstrated that HSF1 exerts its role by activating a unique transcriptional program in the cancer cells, that is distinct from the one activated during heat shock [2]. In breast cancer and several other types of carcinoma, we found that high HSF1 protein levels and activation of the HSF1-dependent transcriptional program are associated with poor clinical outcome [3]. Here we show that HSF1 is activated not only in the tumor cells, but also in the stromal cells infiltrating the tumor. Examining human patient samples, we find immunohistochemical evidence for activation of HSF1 in the stroma. Using mouse xenograft models and in vitro co-culture we show that HSF1 in the stroma supports tumor cell growth. Finally, expression profiling and analysis of the DNA binding pattern of HSF1 in tumors and in cell culture indicates that stromal HSF1 supports tumorigenesis by activating a unique, stroma-specific transcriptional program. Taken together, our data suggests that HSF1 acts in the cancer cells and in the stroma to activate distinct, yet complimentary transcriptional programs that will facilitate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. References 1. Dai, C., et al., Heat shock factor 1 is a powerful multifaceted modifier of carcinogenesis. Cell, 2007. 130(6): p. 1005-18. 2. Mendillo, M.L., et al., HSF1 drives a transcriptional program distinct from heat shock to support highly malignant human cancers. Cell, 2012. 150(3): p. 549-62. 3. Santagata, S., et al., High levels of nuclear heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2011. 108(45): p. 18378-83. Citation Format: Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Sandro Santagata, Martina Koeva, Luke Whitesell, Susan Lindquist. Cell autonomous and nonautonomous activities of heat shock factor 1 support tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A23.
A 100+ Meter 12 Gb/s/Lane Copper Cable Link Based on Clock-Forwarding (2013)

Active and passive copper cables for data rates exceeding 10 Gb/s are typically limited to less than 20 m. Optical fiber on the other hand offers superior performance for run length greater than 100 m, but is costly. Although 100 m copper link is demonstrated for 10GBASE-T, it utilizes complex symbols at a lower symbol rate across multiple signaling lanes and dissipates substantial power for DSP. In this paper, we propose a 12 Gbps/lane active cable link that extends copper cables >100 meters using low power and area clocked repeaters powered through the cable that could potentially be embedded in the cable. The quality of the clock in such repeaters is the key component in maintaining a clean signal propagation through long distances. This paper introduces an FIR phase filtering technique in combination with an MDLL to deliver a low jitter forward clock. The total jitter at the end of the cable is 4.4 ps RMS. The link has repeating distances of 8 and 16 meters for data and clock, respectively. Each repeater occupies 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of area in a 65-nm CMOS technology and dissipates 48 mW.
<title>Photoconductive switch control of optical devices</title> (1993)

We report on the application of new electro-optic modulators which are controlled by photoconductive switches. Various configurations of modulator are presented and are applied to several applications. Experimental results are presented in which a photoconductively controlled modulator is used to Q-switch and cavity dump a Nd:YAG laser, utilizing only a single external trigger. The same modulator is also used to Q-switch, mode-lock and cavity dump the same laser. The use of the modulator results in a single laser being able to generate pulses in three duration ranges, i.e., approximately 20 ns, approximately 2 ns and approximately 70 ps. A similar modulator is used to suppress the pre-pulse generated by a regenerative amplifier and help attain a 105 contrast ratio between signal and pre-pulse. Other modulators and applications are presented, including an approximately 30 ps Pockels cell for use as an optical gate.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Antibody BCF2 against scorpion toxin cn2 fromCentruroides noxius hoffmann: Primary structure and three-dimensional model as free fv fragment and complexed with its antigen (1999)

The antibody BCF2 generated against the mammal-specific toxin Cn2 of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann neutralizes the effect of both the toxin and the venom. We cloned and sequenced the genes coding for the Fv fragment of BCF2. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the Fv fragment was generated using a knowledge-based approach. Furthermore, a 3D model of the complex Cn2–BCF2 was built using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of Cn2 and experimental results on a putative epitope region around the N and C termini. The initial complex conformations were submitted to a new refinement procedure of rigid-body energy minimization combined with flexible-side-chain molecular dynamics. The final complex, selected after an extensive evaluation, uses the loop 7–11 as the central part of the epitope. The generated complex allows the following conclusions: 1) the neutralizing capacity of BCF2 toward the venom of C. noxius might rather be caused by the high venom concentration and toxicity of Cn2 than by a broad specificity, 2) the region involved in the binding of Cn2 to the Na+ channel, should overlap with the employed epitope region, and 3) contact residues SerL91, AsnL92, LeuH50, AspH56, TyrH95, and TyrH98 of BCF2 are candidates for mutations to broaden its specificity. Proteins 1999;37:130–143. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Doped oxides of cerium as inorganic colorants (2007)

The colour of inorganic colorants is based on metal ions such as cadmium, lead, chromium or cobalt, the majority of which are unfortunately potentially toxic. Thus, there is in a need to introduce alternative metal or metal oxides, which would be environmentally friendly and economically viable as a replacement for potentially toxic inorganic colorants. Rare earth‐based colorants offer an additional opportunity for the development of optically pure colours. In this study, a replacement for potentially toxic colorants has been sought through the use of a rare earth metal ion, cerium. Appropriate doping of cerium oxides with molybdenum and iron gives an orange–red colorant. The conditions ideal for optimal colour have been standardised and the resultant colorant characterised through powder X‐ray diffraction techniques, particle size measurement, etc. The colorants exhibit good hiding power and tinting strength.
The Effect of Controlled Polymer Architecture on VI and Other Rheological Properties (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Controlled architecture polymers, including block copolymers, have been an area of interest for a number of years. Block copolymers have been shown to be useful as viscosity index improvers, for example; block copolymers of poly (dienes or hydrogenated dienes) and poly(styrene). However, anionic polymerization, the method used to produce commercial styrenic block copolymers, has limitations on the types of monomers that can be used. Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) uses a free radical initiating system and a polymerization controller. This technology results in block copolymers containing a wider range of monomer compositions and leads to predictable structures, molecular weights and polydispersities. Furthermore, these block copolymers can be produced using standard free-radical polymerization techniques by virtue of a new nitroxide capable of controlling a wide range of monomers including acrylic and methacrylic monomers. We have found that acrylic block copolymers formed via CRP, produce excellent viscosity index (VI) improvement in lubricating oils. These acrylic block polymers, in some cases, can exhibit greater than 50% viscosity index improvement as compared to random copolymers or other block compositions. Reported are the results of an experimental design study investigating the composition of the acrylic blocks, molecular weight, and block architecture (diblock, triblock, and gradient) on the resultant VI.</div>
Pemphigus Vulgaris and Its Active Disease Mouse Model (2008)

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes and is mediated by IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg), a cadherin-type cell-cell adhesion molecule in desmosomes. Recently, an active disease mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was generated with a unique approach using autoantigen knockout mice, in which selftolerance of the defective gene product is not acquired. This approach included the adoptive transfer of Dsg3-/- lymphocytes to Rag2-/- immunodeficient mice that express Dsg3- induced stable production of pathogenic anti-Dsg3 IgG for over 6 months and the phenotype of PV including oral erosion with the typical histology in recipient mice. Subsequently, AK and NAK series of anti-Dsg3 IgG monoclonal antibodies were developed from the PV model mice. These monoclonal antibodies showed pathogenic heterogeneity in blister formation, which is, at least in part, explained by their epitopes, and synergistic pathogenic effects by combining several monoclonal antibodies reacting in different parts of the molecule. Although this model does not reflect the actual triggers of autoimmune diseases, it does provide a means to investigate the roles of T and B lymphocytes in perpetuating autoantibody production and to clarify unsolved immunological mechanisms in the autoimmune diseases.
Linearly-Polarized Single-Lobed Beam in a Surface-Emitting Photonic-Crystal Laser (2008)

A linearly-polarized, single-lobed beam has been demonstrated in a surface-emitting photonic-crystal laser under single-mode operation by employing fine-tuned elliptical lattice points and π-phase shift. A crystal structure, including the elliptical lattice points with a short/long axis ratio of 0.95, has been successfully fabricated. The resulting beam was strongly polarized in one direction, although the shape of the lattice points was nearly circular. It was found that two-dimensional optical coupling was compatible with strong linear polarization.
Soft Hand Simulation for Smooth and Robust Natural Interaction (2018)

Natural hand-based interaction should feature hand motion that adapts smoothly to the tracked user's motion, reacts robustly to contact with objects in a virtual environment, and enables dexterous manipulation of these objects. In our work, we enable all these properties thanks to an efficient soft hand simulation model. This model integrates an articulated skeleton, nonlinear soft tissue and frictional contact, to provide the realism necessary for natural interaction. Robust and smooth interaction is made possible by simulating in a single energy minimization framework all the mechanical energy exchanges among elements of the hand: coupling between the hand's skeleton and the user's motion, constraints at skeletal joints, nonlinear soft skin deformation, coupling between the hand's skeleton and the soft skin, frictional contact between the skin and virtual objects, and coupling between a grasped object and other virtual objects. We have put our effort on describing all elements of the hand that provide for realism and natural interaction, while ensuring minimal and bounded computational cost, which is key for smooth and robust interaction. As a result, we accomplish hand simulation as an asset that can be connected to diverse input tracking devices, and seamlessly integrated in game engines for fast deployment in VR applications.
MOCVD growth of InGaAsN QWs and 1.3 μm VCSELs (2004)

This paper demonstrates MOCVD growth of InGaAsN quantum wells and fabrication of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Results on the modulation and high temperature characteristics of 1.3 /spl mu/m-range InGaAsN vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are also presented. Over 1 mW of single-mode output power is obtained at 80/spl deg/C. Clear eye opening at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s are obtained up to 120/spl deg/C and 90/spl deg/C, respectively.
Use of pooled DNA samples to detect linkage disequilibrium of polymorphic restriction fragments and human disease: studies of the HLA class II loci. (1985)

A rapid method has been developed and used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) that are in linkage disequilibrium with disease-associated loci. By using genomic blot-hybridization analysis with DQ beta-chain and DR beta-chain cDNA probes, we examined DNA polymorphisms within the HLA class II loci associated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent mellitus (IDDM). To facilitate the search for informative RFLPs, we compared pooled DNA samples from IDDM patients with pooled DNA samples from randomly selected control individuals, instead of using the conventional approach of examining DNA samples from individuals in two groups. (The conditions under which this approach is useful are treated theoretically in the Appendix.) Several specific polymorphic restriction fragments associated with IDDM were revealed by using this economical and rapid approach. The restriction enzymes and probes identified as informative in this screening were then used to analyze HLA-DR-typed IDDM families, homozygous typing cells, and unrelated individuals to determine the association of the specific restriction fragments with HLA-DR serological type and the frequency in control and IDDM populations. Some individual polymorphic fragments for which the IDDM population was enriched correlated strongly with HLA-DR3, whereas others correlated strongly with HLA-DR4. Some fragments (e.g., a 10-kilobase Taq I fragment detected with the DR beta probe) that were more prevalent in the IDDM population subdivided the serologically defined HLA-DR type and may be informative markers for IDDM susceptibility.
dCat (2018)

In the modern multi-tenant cloud, resource sharing increases utilization but causes performance interference between tenants. More generally, performance isolation is also relevant in any multi-workload scenario involving shared resources. Last level cache (LLC) on processors is shared by all CPU cores in x86, thus the cloud tenants inevitably suffer from the cache flush by their noisy neighbors running on the same socket. Intel Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) provides a mechanism to assign cache ways to cores to enable cache isolation, but its static configuration can result in underutilized cache when a workload cannot benefit from its allocated cache capacity, and/or lead to sub-optimal performance for workloads that do not have enough assigned capacity to fit their working set.
Amorphous silicon TFT circuit integration for OLED displays on glass and plastic (2004)

This paper reviews design considerations along with measurement results pertinent to amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) drive circuits for active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. We describe both pixel architectures and TFT circuit topologies that are amenable for vertically integrated, high aperture ratio pixels. Here, the OLED layer is integrated directly above the TFT circuit layer, to provide an active pixel area that is at least 90% of the total pixel area with an aperture ratio that remains virtually independent of scaling. Both voltage-programmed and current-programmed drive circuits are considered. The latter provides compensation for shifts in device characteristics due to metastable shifts in the threshold voltage of the TFT. Integration of on-panel gate drivers is also discussed where we present the architecture of an a-Si:H based gate de-multiplexer that is threshold voltage shift invariant. In addition, a programmable current mirror with good linearity and stability is presented. Programmable current sources are an essential requirement in the design of source driver output stages.
Preparation of High Surface Area Nano-Structured Graphene Composites (2012)

The single-layer graphene usually aggregates and form irreversible multilayer graphene sheets due to the Van Der Waals interaction between the neighboring sheets, and the agglomeration leads to a substantial loss of effective surface area for graphene in the solid state. This affects the graphene's applications where high surface area is the prerequisite. Therefore, the creation of intrinsically ultrahigh surface area graphene in the solid state is paramount significance. In this work, the functionalized hydrophilic carbons were used as the spacer for the preparation of the graphene composites, and the surface area can reach as high as 1256 m2/g with 1 % content of functionalized carbon blacks. A specific capacitance of as high as 324.6 F/g at a current density of 0.3 A/g was achieved over the graphene composites.
Identification of potential small-molecule protein-protein inhibitors of cancer metastasis by 3D epitope-based computational screening. (2018)

In cancer cells exposed to extracellular pressure or shear stress, AKT1-FAK interaction drives focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, leading to force-activated cancer cell adhesion and metastasis. Blocking the AKT1-FAK interaction is therefore an attractive target for cancer therapy, avoiding the side effects of global FAK inhibition. Starting with our previous identification of a short FAK peptide that binds AKT1, we identified a series of small-molecule inhibitor candidates using a novel approach for inhibiting protein-protein interactions. Using a 3D structural fragment of the FAK peptide as the query, millions of drug-like, commercially available molecules were screened to identify a subset mimicking the volume and chemistry of the FAK fragment to test for their ability to block pressure-sensitive FAK phosphorylation by AKT1. Two compounds reduced the stimulation of FAK phosphorylation in response to extracellular pressure in human SW620 colon cancer cells without affecting basal FAK phosphorylation. Thus, using a 3D protein interaction epitope as a novel query for ligand-based virtual screening can successfully identify small-molecules that show promise in modulating cancer cell adhesion and metastasis.
A hybrid multilevel inverter topology for drive applications (2002)

The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high power applications. Various topologies and modulation strategies have been reported for utility and drive applications in the recent literature. This paper is devoted to the investigation of a 500 hp induction motor drive based on a seven-level 4.5 kV hybrid inverter. The topological structure and operating principles of the proposed approach are presented. Various design criteria, spectral structures and other practical issues such as capacitor voltage balancing are discussed. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified by computer simulations.
Notice of Removal: Background-free visualization of microvasculature networks (2017)

Removed.
Dynamic MIMO Multiple-Carrier Multiple-Access: Adaptive Radio-Resource Allocation Under Realistic Constraints (2008)

This paper proposes a multiple-access (MA) radio-resource-allocation (RRA) scheme under realistic constraints: dynamic space-frequency-division multiple-access (DSFDMA), which is characterized by collectively and simultaneously considering the bandwidth assignment (subcarrier-clustering), power-allocation, beamforming vectors and user's data-transmission-latency requirement. This scheme optimizes the multi-user MIMO multi-carrier systems through a weighted-mutual-information maximization. Applicable to diverse configurations of user-terminals, the DSFDMA conducts the RRA in a cognitive manner to address the system requirements in both of bandwidth efficiency and users' data queue-length balancing (user-fairness). It is modeled and derived with a multiple-user MIMO-setup and characterized by an iterative gradient-based algorithm. Two major realistic constraints are introduced to the modeling: single-user power limits and the maximum number of spatial-beams supported and separable by the base-station receiver. Even though the optimization problem under such realistic constraints is not a convex or concave problem, through a multistage optimization, the designed algorithm exhibits a robust and superior performance, which is verified by a large number of Monte Carlo simulations. The scheme also possesses valuable scalability and generality.
Nano-Structures and Interactions of Alkali Metals within Silica Gel (2011)

Liquid alkali metals and their alloys can be absorbed into the 15 nm diameter pores of nanostructured silica gel (SG) at loadings up to 40 wt %. Characterization of the resultant materials was done by measuring the amount of hydrogen produced by addition of alcohols and/or water, by differential scanning calorimetry, and by static 23Na NMR spectroscopy. While sodium must be heated above 100 °C to form Na in SG, absorption of Na–K alloys at ambient temperatures yields nanoscale metallic clusters in the pores (Stage 0). In both cases, some of the encapsulated metal may dissolve in the silica and ionize to produce highly mobile M+ ions with reversible electron transfer to the silica. This presumption is consistent with literature observations that sodium is soluble in silica films at ambient temperatures at levels up to 35 mol percent and is presumed to form highly mobile Na+-O– species (Lagarde, P.; Flank, A.-M.; Mazzara, C.; Jupille, J. Surf. Sci.2001, 482–485, 376–380). Heating M-SG materials leads to reduction of SiO2 to form material that contains localized M+-O– species and Si–Si bonds in increased proportion as the temperature and time of heating are increased. Above 350 °C, elemental silicon, alkali metal silicides, and alkali metal silicates are formed. The dissolution and reaction of potassium from encapsulated Na–K alloys occurs preferentially over that of sodium. Irreversible reaction even occurs at room temperature over a period of months. The temperature dependence of solid state 23Na NMR spectra indicates the presence of rapid exchange between Na0 in the metal clusters and Na+ at the walls (and perhaps within the silica).