gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time and Single-Shot Recovery of Arbitrary Subnoise Signals (2020)

We present a passive amplification method based on the Talbot effect that allows for single-shot recovery of arbitrary signals buried under noise. The scheme can be reconfigured to operate on either narrowband or broadband signals, representing a comprehensive approach to weak, noise-dominated signal recovery.
Damage Detection Using Smart Concrete Engineered with Nanocomposite Cement-Aggregate Interfaces (2015)

Self-sensing or “smart” cementitious composites, in which its electrical properties are sensitive to stress/strain, cracks, or damage, have gained considerable attention. Its design is based on mixing conductive additives (e.g., fibers or nanotubes) in the cement matrix. However, these additives degrade the intrinsic properties, increase costs, and reduce workability. Thus, this study sought to devise an alternate form of smart cementitious composite by modifying the cement-particle interface with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-based thin films. This design significantly reduced the amount of MWNTs used (thus costs) and had minimal impacts on mix workability. Here, MWNT-based films were airbrushed onto dried fine aggregates, which were then used for casting mortar specimens. Previous work showed that its electrical properties were sensitive to strain and damage. In addition, an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) spatial conductivity mapping algorithm was implemented. Because EIT could map a material’s spatial conductivity, and the smart mortar’s electrical conductivity scaled with damage, the technique enabled the detection of damage severity and its location. Several experiments were conducted for validation. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/375
Infectious Entry and Neutralization of Pathogenic JC Polyomaviruses (2017)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a lethal brain disease caused by uncontrolled replication of JC polyomavirus (JCV). JCV strains recovered from the brains of PML patients carry mutations that prevent the engagement of sialylated glycans, which are thought to serve as receptors for the infectious entry of wild-type JCV. In this report, we show that non-sialylated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can serve as alternative attachment receptors for the infectious entry of both wild-type and PML mutant JCV strains. After GAG-mediated attachment, PML mutant strains engage non-sialylated non-GAG co-receptor glycans, such as asialo-GM1. JCV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from patients who recovered from PML appear to block infection by preventing the docking of post-attachment co-receptor glycans in an apical pocket of the JCV major capsid protein. Identification of the GAG-dependent/sialylated glycan-independent alternative entry pathway should facilitate the development of infection inhibitors, including recombinant neutralizing antibodies.
Quantum random bit generation using stimulated Raman scattering (2011)

Random number sequences are a critical resource in a wide variety of information systems, including applications in cryptography, simulation, and data sampling. We introduce a quantum random number generator based on the phase measurement of Stokes light generated by amplification of zero-point vacuum fluctuations using stimulated Raman scattering. This is an example of quantum noise amplification using the most noise-free process possible: near unitary quantum evolution. The use of phase offers robustness to classical pump noise and the ability to generate multiple bits per measurement. The Stokes light is generated with high intensity and as a result, fast detectors with high signal-to-noise ratios can be used for measurement, eliminating the need for single-photon sensitive devices. The demonstrated implementation uses optical phonons in bulk diamond.
Geminivirus‐based vectors for gene silencing in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Gene silencing, or RNA interference, is a powerful tool for elucidating gene function in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The vast genetic, developmental and sequence information available for Arabidopsis thaliana makes this an attractive organism in which to develop reliable gene-silencing tools for the plant world. We have developed a system based on the bipartite geminivirus cabbage leaf curl virus (CbLCV) that allows silencing of endogenous genes singly or in combinations in Arabidopsis. Two vectors were tested: a gene-replacement vector derived from the A component; and an insertion vector derived from the B component. Extensive silencing was produced in new growth from the A component vectors, while only minimal silencing and symptoms were seen in the B component vector. Two endogenous genes were silenced simultaneously from the A component vector and silencing of the genes was maintained throughout new growth. Because the CbLCV vectors are DNA vectors they can be inoculated directly from plasmid DNA. Introduction of these vectors into intact plants bypasses transformation and extends the kinds of silencing studies that can be carried out in Arabidopsis.
High laser damage threshold reflective optically addressed liquid crystal light valve based on gallium nitride conductive electrodes (2022)

Abstract In this paper, the feasibility of a high laser damage threshold liquid crystal spatial light modulator based on gallium nitride (GaN) transparent conductive electrodes is proved. The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is measured, and a high LIDT reflective optically addressed liquid crystal light valve (OALCLV) based on GaN is designed and fabricated. The proper work mode of the OALCLV is determined; the OALCLV obtained a maximum reflectivity of about 55% and an on–off ratio of 55:1, and an image response is demonstrated.
Real-time speech synthesis on an ultra low-resource, programmable DSP system (2002)

An efficient implementation of a time-domain speech synthesis system on an ultra low-power, miniature, programmable block-floating-point DSP system is introduced. The DSP system, operating at a clock rate as low as 1.28 MHz, is well suited for speech and audio processing applications. Similar to the MBR-PSOLA technique, this time-domain synthesis method uses a normalized speech database generated by a high-quality harmonic synthesis. To reduce the memory usage and communication bandwidth, the normalized database is compressed using a block-adaptive, ADPCM approach. Listening tests comparing the synthetic speech quality on the DSP system and the same method implemented on a high-resource computer system show no degradations due to the memory, register length, or other low-resource limitations on the DSP system. The system consumes less than 1 mW at 1 volt.
Lignin‐based carbon fibers: Accelerated stabilization of lignin fibers in the presence of hydrogen chloride (2017)

ABSTRACT Organosolv switchgrass lignin (SGL) and hardwood lignin (HWL) polymers are used as precursors to prepare low cost carbon fibers (CFs). Lignin powder and fiber samples are stabilized and carbonized at different conditions to investigate the effect of HCl on thermal‐oxidative stabilization time, mass yield, fiber diameter, and mechanical properties. The results show that HCl can accelerate stabilization and reduce the stabilization time from many hours to 75 min for the SGL fibers, and to 35 min for the HWL fiber. The rate of rapid stabilization in HCl/air is at least four times faster than conventional stabilization in air. The CFs prepared with two different stabilization methods have almost the same strength and modulus, but higher carbon yield is obtained with the rapid stabilization due to a short time of oxidation. Pores and defects observed on the surface and the cross‐section of the CFs across all stabilization conditions contribute to low fiber strength. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45507.
<i>De Novo</i> Engineering of a Human Cystathionine-γ-Lyase for Systemic <scp>l</scp>-Methionine Depletion Cancer Therapy (2012)

It has been known for nearly a half century that human tumors, including those derived from the nervous system such as glioblastomas, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastomas are much more sensitive than normal tissues to l-methionine (l-Met) starvation. More recently, systemic l-Met depletion by administration of Pseudomonas putida methionine-γ-lyase (MGL) could effectively inhibit human tumors xenografted in mice. However, bacterial-derived MGLs are unstable in serum (t(1/2) = 1.9 ± 0.2 h) and highly immunogenic in primates. Since the human genome does not encode a human MGL enzyme, we created de novo a methionine degrading enzyme by reengineering the structurally homologous pyridoxal phosphate-dependent human enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (hCGL). hCGL degrades l-cystathionine but displays no promiscuous activity toward l-Met. Rational design and scanning saturation mutagenesis led to the generation of a variant containing three amino acid substitutions (hCGL-NLV) that degraded l-Met with a k(cat)/K(M) of 5.6 × 10(2) M(-1) s(-1) and displayed a serum deactivation t(1/2) = 78 ± 5 h (non-PEGylated). In vitro, the cytotoxicity of hCGL-NLV toward 14 neuroblastoma cell lines was essentially indistinguishable from that of the P. putida MGL. Intravenous administration of PEGylated hCGL-NLV in mice reduced serum l-Met from 123 μM to <5 μM for over 30 h. Importantly, treatment of neuroblastoma mouse xenografts with PEGylated hCGL-NLV resulted in near complete cessation of tumor growth. Since the mode of action of hCGL-NLV does not require breaching the blood-brain barrier, this enzyme may have potential application for sensitive tumors that arise from or metastasize to the central nervous system.
A second Epstein-Barr virus early antigen gene in BamHI fragment M encodes a 48- to 50-kilodalton nuclear protein (1985)

We used antiserum raised against the bacterially synthesized product of one of the open reading frames in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI fragment M to demonstrate that this reading frame (BMRF1) codes for a nuclear protein of the diffuse early antigen (EA) class. In indirect immunofluorescence assays, the rabbit anti-BMRF1 antiserum gave nuclear staining in approximately 5% of Raji cells which had been treated with sodium butyrate, and positive fluorescence was observed in both acetone- and methanol-fixed cells. Uninduced Raji cultures contained less than 0.1% positive cells regardless of whether indirect immunofluorescence or anti-complement immunofluorescence was used. In immunoblot analyses, the rabbit serum identified a family of polypeptides of 46 to 55 kilodaltons (kDa) in total protein extracts from B95-8 cells or from butyrate-induced Raji cells. In both cell types, the dominant polypeptides were the 48- and 50-kDa species. This same family of polypeptides was identified when the immunoblots were reacted with the R3 monoclonal antibody, and we concluded that this antibody also recognized the product of the BMRF1 open reading frame. Fibroblast cell lines containing EBV BamHI fragment M were established by cotransfection of baby hamster kidney cells with BamHI-M and the gene for neomycin resistance. Aminoglycoside G418-resistant colonies which showed evidence for EBV antigen expression in immunofluorescence assays were selected, and clonal cell lines were established. After 3 to 4 months of passaging, constitutive synthesis of EA was no longer detectable in these cell lines either by immunofluorescence or by immunoblot analysis. However, in the one cell line examined, synthesis of the 48- to 50-kDa EA was induced by treatment of the culture with sodium butyrate. Thus, the regulation of expression of this EA in transfected fibroblasts is analogous to that seen in Raji lymphoblasts. We showed previously that BamHI fragment M also contains the coding sequences for a 60-kDa nuclear EA, and hence BamHI-M encodes two separate components of the diffuse EA complex.
Latest advances in large diameter SrI:Eu and CLYC:Ce scintillators for isotope identification (2012)

Scintillator crystal detectors form the basis for many radiation detection devices. Therefore, a search for high light yield single crystal scintillators with improved energy resolution, large volume, and the potential for low cost, is an ongoing process that has increased in recent years due to a large demand in the area of nuclear isotope identification. Alkaline earth halides, elpasolites and rare earth halides are very interesting because many compositions from these crystal families provide efficient Ce3+/ Eu2+ luminescence, good proportionality and good energy resolution. They also have small band-gap leading to higher light yields. Ce3+and Eu2+ are efficient, and the emission wavelengths in the 350-500 nm region matches well with PMTs and a new generation of Siphotodiodes. In this presentation, we will the present progress made in the crystal growth of these compositions, and scintillator properties of large diameter SrI2:Eu2+ single transparent crystals. The crystals were grown successfully using the vertical Bridgeman technique. Crystals with different diameters of 1”, 1.3”, and 1.5” will be discussed. SrI2:Eu was discovered a half century ago, and was recently found to be an outstanding material for gamma ray-spectroscopy with high light yield, very good non-proportionality, and excellent energy resolution. We will also discuss growth and properties of larger Cs2LiYCl6 (CLYC) crystals. Recently, it has been shown that crystals from the elpasolite family, including CLYC, can be successfully employed for a dual gamma ray and neutron detection, which is possible with the help of pulse shape discrimination (PSD). PSD allows for recognition of an incident particle’s nature based on the shape of the corresponding scintillation pulse. CLYC has the potential to minimize the cost and complexity of dual sensing gamma ray and neutron spectrometers. We also address progress in growth of CLYC crystals with large diameters (1” and 2”) that are transparent and crack free.
Interval Anisotropic Parameter Estimation from Walkaway and 3D VSP Data (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for interval VTI anisotropic parameter estimation above and within VSP array. Above receiver array, the method utilizes duplex downgoing multiples (multiples with two reflections: from the boundary and free surface) for estimation of a layered depth velocity model above the borehole receiver array. A three-term NMO approximation function is used to estimate NMO velocity and a non-hyperbolic parameter. Dix-type inversion is applied to the three parameters to invert them to interval Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε, δ above the receivers. Velocity gradient influence is analyzed analytically. It is shown that in many cases we can neglect its influence on anisotropy estimates. Within the VSP receiver array, the method creates a virtual horizontal reflector at each receiver depth by calculating reflected traveltimes as a sum of two first breaks from the symmetrical source points. For 3D or multi-azimuthal walkaway survey, this approach is generalized for a model with horizontal homogeneous orthorhombic layers.
Determinants of MicroRNA Processing Inhibition by the Developmentally Regulated RNA-binding Protein Lin28 (2008)

The developmentally regulated RNA-binding protein Lin28 blocks processing of let-7 family microRNAs (miRNAs) in embryonic cells. The molecular basis for this selective miRNA processing block is unknown. Here we find that Lin28 selectively binds the terminal loop region of let-7 precursors in vitro and that the loop mediates miRNA processing inhibition in vivo. Additionally, we identify the domains of Lin28 required for this inhibition. These findings establish a regulatory role for the terminal loop of precursors in miRNA maturation and provide insight into the mechanism by which Lin28 negatively regulates let-7 processing.
A compact grism spectrometer for small optical telescopes (2017)

We describe a low-cost compact grism spectrometer for use with small astronomical telescopes. The system can be used with existing charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and filter wheels. The optical design consists of two prisms, a transmission grating, a collimating lens, and a focusing lens, all enclosed in a 3D-printed housing. The system can be placed inline, typically in an unused filter wheel slot. Unlike conventional spectrometers, it does not require the target to be precisely positioned on a narrow slit. The mean resolving power (R≈ 300) is sufficient to resolve the spectral lines of many astronomical objects discussed in undergraduate astronomy labs, such as stellar absorption lines along the main-sequence, emission lines of early type hot stars and galactic novae, and redshifts of bright quasars and supernovae.
AggChecker (2019)

We demonstrate AggChecker, a novel tool for verifying textual summaries of relational data sets. The system automatically verifies natural language claims about numerical aggregates against the underlying raw data. The system incorporates a combination of natural language processing, information retrieval, machine learning, and efficient query processing strategies. Each claim is translated into a semantically equivalent SQL query and evaluated against the database. Our primary goal is analogous to that of a spell-checker: to identify erroneous claims and provide guidance in correcting them. In this demonstration, we show that our system enables users to verify text summaries much more efficiently than a standard SQL interface.
<title>Tangible holography: adding synthetic touch to 3D display</title> (1997)

Just as we expect holographic technology to become a more pervasive and affordable instrument of information display, so too will high fidelity force-feedback devices. We describe a testbed system which uses both of these technologies to provide simultaneous, coincident visuo- haptic spatial display of a 3D scene. The system provides the user with a stylus to probe a geometric model that is also presented visually in full parallax. The haptics apparatus is a six degree-of-freedom mechanical device with servomotors providing active force display. This device is controlled by a free-running server that simulates static geometric models with tactile and bulk material properties, all under ongoing specification by a client program. The visual display is a full parallax edge-illuminated holographic stereogram with a wide angle of view. Both simulations, haptic and visual, represent the same scene. The haptic and visual displays are carefully scaled and aligned to provide coincident display, and together they permit the user to explore the model's 3D shape, texture and compliance.
Recent advances in low power and flexible cholesteric LCDs (Invited Paper) (2005)

This paper highlights recent advances toward flexible cholesteric displays including new night vision applications for military use and full color. Particular emphasis is paid to recently developed encapsulated cholesteric liquid crystals that are necessary for printing and coating the materials as well as prevent erasure of the image during flexing or handling the display. The paper presents recent results from encapsulation of cholesteric materials using polymerization induced phase separation and their progression towards thin flexible plastic based cholesteric displays. Several other key issues in the transition from smooth rigid glass substrates to flexible plastic substrates including spacing control and preparation of surfaces are discussed. Lastly, the night vision mode and night vision applications of cholesteric displays are also presented.
Terahertz Pulse Shaping Using Diffractive Optical Networks (2021)

We demonstrate diffractive optical networks that are trained with deep learning to engineer input terahertz pulses into desired temporal waveforms using passive diffractive surfaces that control the spectral phase and amplitude of the output pulse.
Development of new guardrail end treatments (1988)

This report describes the development of two new end treatments for W beam guardrail. The first design, called the rail end treatment, consists of weakened W beam segments, with slots cut along the length of the rail to reduce the buckling strength of the rail. The end of the rail is flared and anchored with standard breakaway cable hardware. The split rail design was crash tested and shown to be in compliance with nationally recognized impact performance standards. The second design, called the extruder terminal, consists of a device that, when struck, causes the W beam to be flattened and projected in front of the impacting vehicle and behind the guardrail. Vehicular energy is dissipated in the process, resulting in a uniform, controlled deceleration of the vehicle. The guardrail extruder terminal was crash tested and shown to be in compliance with nationally recognized impact performance standards. Of the two designs, the guardrail extruder terminal offers the greatest improvement in comparison to present guardrail end treatments. It is advantageous in terms of cost, impact performance, and design (A).
<title>Real-Time Adaptive Contrast Enhancement For Imaging Sensors</title> (1978)

A new recursive filter approach greatly simplifies real time implementation of a local area adaptive contrast enhancement scheme for imaging sensors (FUR, TV). Local area contrast enhancement adaptively stretches the intensities in each local area of a scene to the display luminance dynamic range. Even scenes possessing large global dynamic ranges (>40 dB) can then be squeezed into the limited dynamic range (20 dB) of a display without losing the vital local area contrast essential for target acqui-sition. This paper describes the recursive filter implementation (using charge coupled devices) of the local area contrast enhancement scheme and the resultant real time hardware. This module can accept standard 525 and 875 line TV compatible video from any source (FLIR, Vidicon, Video Tape Recorder, etc. ). Several examples from video taped FUR imagery are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of this simple hardware.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Boron coated diaphragm for use in a loudspeaker (1979)

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Optical Monitoring of Polypropylene Injection Molding (1998)

We have developed a model to describe the behavior of an optical fiber sensor for monitoring injection molding. The sensor was used to detect light reflected from the mold cavity during the packing and cooling phases of injection molding of polypropylene. Light which reflected off the opposite wall of the mold and back to the optical fiber was analyzed for information regarding crystallization kinetics and the amount of crystallinity in the final product. The model illustrates how temperature, pressure and crystallinity affect the detected light intensity.
Piezoelectric membrane actuator design (2011)

This paper presents the study of piezoelectric actuators. After the description of simulated actuators and simulation conditions, results will be discussed to define the best actuator design in terms of membrane displacement and compactness. The actuator behaviour under temperature variation is also checked.
A multilevel domain decomposition algorithm for fast O(N/sup 2/logN) reprojection of tomographic images (2000)

A novel algorithm for fast computation of tomographic image projections is presented. The method comprises a decomposition of an image into sub-images followed by an aggregation of projections computed for the sub-images. The multilevel domain decomposition algorithm is formulated as a recursive procedure. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of FFT-based techniques but it provides better accuracy and more flexibility.