gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A computational study of van der Waals tunnel transistors: Fundamental aspects and design challenges (2015)

We propose a model Hamiltonian for van der Waals tunnel transistors relying on a few physical parameters that we calibrate against DFT band structure calculations. This approach allowed us to develop a fully three-dimensional (3-D) NEGF based simulator and to investigate fundamental and design aspects related to van der Waals tunnel transistors, such as: (a) area and edge tunneling components, and scaling with device area; (b) impact of top gate alignment and back-oxide thickness on the device performance; (c) influence of inelastic phonon scattering on the device operation and sub-threshold swing; (d) benchmarking of switching energy and delay.
Characterisation of the Ion Exchange Reaction Between Propranolol-H+ or K+ with Amberlite™ IRP 69 Resin by Both, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and (Flame) Photometric Equilibrium Analysis (2009)

The model system propranolol hydrochloride (PROP-HCl)/Amberlite was studied in terms of equilibrium concentrations and amount drug bound to the ion exchanger, and compared to the system potassium chloride (KCl)/Amberlite. It was found that both the affinity and exchange capacity of Amberlite for PROP-H + ions is higher than for K + . Specific heat effects of the exchange reaction measured by isothermal calorimetry and spectroscopy revealed that even at the lowest degree of loading with propranolol, the heat effects surprisingly change continuously with the degree of loading, while they are constant for potassium. Involvement of non-specific forces in the binding of propranolol-H + to Amberlite is discussed as a possible reason for this behaviour.
Highly energy and performance efficient embedded computing through approximately correct arithmetic (2008)

We develop a theoretical foundation to characterize a novel methodology for low energy and high performance dsp for embedded computing. Computing elements are operated at a frequency higher than that permitted by a conventionally correct circuit design, enabling a trade-off between error that is deliberately introduced, and the energy consumed. Similar techniques considered previously were relevant to deeply scaled future technology generations. Our work extends this idea to be applicable to current-day designs through: (i) a mathematically rigorous foundation characterizing a tradeoff between energy consumed and the quality of solution, and (ii) a means of achieving this trade off through very aggressive voltage scaling beyond that of a conventionally designed circuit. Through our "cmos inspired" mathematical model, we show that our approach is better (by an exponential factor) than the conventional uniform voltage scaling approach for comparable computational speed or performance. We further establish through experimental study that a similar improvement by a factor of 3.4x to the snr over conventional voltage-scaled approaches can be achieved in the context of the ubiquitous discrete Fourier transform.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‘-Substituted 4-(4‘-Carboxy- or 4‘-carboxymethylbenzylidene)-<i>N</i>-acylpiperidines: Highly Potent and in Vivo Active Steroid 5α-Reductase Type 2 Inhibitors (2002)

Sixteen compounds derived from N-acyl-4-benzylidenepiperidine-4'-carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of rat and human steroid 5alpha-reductase isozymes types 1 and 2. In the dicyclohexylacetyl series, fluorination in the 2-position of the benzene nucleus (15), exchange of the carboxy group by a carboxymethyl moiety (20), and combination of both structural modifications (25) led to highly active inhibitors of the human type 2 isozyme (IC(50) values: 15, 11 nM; 20, 6 nM; 25, 7 nM; finasteride, 5 nM). In vivo all compounds tested markedly reduced the prostate weights in castrated testosterone-treated rats. Oral activity was shown for compound 7. From the finding that compound 15 is active in the rat, although it is a rather poor inhibitor of the rat enzyme and is a strong inhibitor of the human enzyme, it is concluded that it should be highly potent in men.
The A2iA Multi-lingual Text Recognition System at the Second Maurdor Evaluation (2014)

This paper describes the system submitted by A2iA to the second Maurdor evaluation for multi-lingual text recognition. A system based on recurrent neural networks and weighted finite state transducers was used both for printed and handwritten recognition, in French, English and Arabic. To cope with the difficulty of the documents, multiple text line segmentations were considered. An automatic procedure was used to prepare annotated text lines needed for the training of the neural network. Language models were used to decode sequences of characters or words for French and English and also sequences of part-of-arabic words (PAWs) in case of Arabic. This system scored first at the second Maurdor evaluation for both printed and handwritten text recognition in French, English and Arabic.
A Review of the Use of Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2002)

The aim of this literature review was to follow up on recommendations set forth in 1996 reviews by the Society for Nuclear Medicine Brain Imaging Council (SNMBIC) and the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (TTASAAN) regarding the use of single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). An extensive review of databases was conducted to determine studies analyzing MTBI that used SPECT as a diagnostic tool between the years of 1966 and 2000. Although only 9 studies met the established criteria, the review suggests that SPECT may be a useful tool in the detection of MTBI and in treatment planning. However, because of the lack of consensus regarding SPECT's sensitivity, it is recommended that future researchers consider the possibility of multiple subtypes of MTBI, hemodynamically different types of contusions, and the need for complementary diagnostic tools.
A Constant Tension Dynamic Splint (1980)

We have presented a new method of dynamic splinting that allows a greater range of protected motion under constant tension. The device has been designed for use with newer methods of tendon repair in situtations where early controlled motion is allowed.
An improvement of an approach for representation of tree structures in relational tables (2007)

The paper introduces an improvement of an approach for tree representation in relational tables. Tree structures are widely used in the area of the computer systems. Often is needed to store trees in relational databases. But the relational model does not supports datatypes for such an objects. The conventional methods to store trees suffer from the limitations of the relational model. The present paper offers some modifications of an existing method - path enumeration model. A number of experiments were conducted and the results show improvement in manipulation time of the trees.
FastBLAST: Homology Relationships for Millions of Proteins (2008)

FastBLAST enables research groups that do not have supercomputers to analyze large protein sequence data sets. FastBLAST is open source software and is available at http://microbesonline.org/fastblast.
Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Manifestation (2022)

As the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subsides, countries around the globe are now dealing with a fear of the epidemic surrounding the prevalence of monkeypox cases in various regions. Previously endemic to regions of Africa, the majority of monkeypox cases associated with the 2022 outbreak are being noted in countries around Europe and in the western hemisphere. While contact-tracing projects are being conducted by various organizations, it is unknown how this outbreak began. Monkeypox virus is one of the many zoonotic viruses that belong to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Monkeypox cases received global attention during the 1970s, after the global eradication of smallpox. The smallpox vaccine provided cross-immunity to the monkeypox virus. Upon the cessation of smallpox vaccine administration, monkeypox cases became more prevalent. It was not until the 2003 US outbreak that monkeypox truly gained global attention. Despite the virus being named monkeypox, monkeys are not the origin of the virus. Several rodents and small mammals have been attributed as the source of the virus; however, it is unknown what the true origin of monkeypox is. The name monkeypox is due to the viral infection being first witnessed in macaque monkeys. Though human-to-human transmission of monkeypox is very rare, it is commonly attributed to respiratory droplets or direct contact with mucocutaneous lesions of an infected individual. Currently, there is no treatment allocated for infected individuals, however, supportive treatments can be administered to provide symptom relief to individuals; Medications such as tecovirimat may be administered in very severe cases. These treatments are subjective, as there are no exact guidelines for symptom relief.
Functional Dissection of the Clostridium botulinum Type B Hemagglutinin Complex: Identification of the Carbohydrate and E-Cadherin Binding Sites (2014)

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) inhibits neurotransmitter release in motor nerve endings, causing botulism, a condition often resulting from ingestion of the toxin or toxin-producing bacteria. BoNTs are always produced as large protein complexes by associating with a non-toxic protein, non-toxic non-hemagglutinin (NTNH), and some toxin complexes contain another non-toxic protein, hemagglutinin (HA), in addition to NTNH. These accessory proteins are known to increase the oral toxicity of the toxin dramatically. NTNH has a protective role against the harsh conditions in the digestive tract, while HA is considered to facilitate intestinal absorption of the toxin by intestinal binding and disruption of the epithelial barrier. Two specific activities of HA, carbohydrate and E-cadherin binding, appear to be involved in these processes; however, the exact roles of these activities in the pathogenesis of botulism remain unclear. The toxin is conventionally divided into seven serotypes, designated A through G. In this study, we identified the amino acid residues critical for carbohydrate and E-cadherin binding in serotype B HA. We constructed mutants defective in each of these two activities and examined the relationship of these activities using an in vitro intestinal cell culture model. Our results show that the carbohydrate and E-cadherin binding activities are functionally and structurally independent. Carbohydrate binding potentiates the epithelial barrier-disrupting activity by enhancing cell surface binding, while E-cadherin binding is essential for the barrier disruption.
Economic and Political Changes in Brazil: Facts and Perspectives (2003)

This article presents some considerations about the recent Brazilian economic policy. Some hypotheses about the economic perspectives for the forthcoming years are also considered. Although the current government politically represents the opposition to the previous administration, not only in their rhetoric but also in their attitudes, they seem to have chosen to maintain the economic policy and the agenda of structural reforms. Priority will be given to Tax Reform and Social Security Reform. The central points of the previous economic policy, that is, floating exchange rates and the inflation targeting mechanism, were maintained under the new administration. Inflation is the main short tern problem, but the Central Bank is showing determination in keeping a conservative policy to ensure that, by the end of 2003, inflation will be reduced.
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Severe and Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: 4 Years of Experience (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential nonhematopoietic progenitors and are capable of differentiating into several tissues of mesenchymal origin. We have shown that bone marrow-derived MSCs from both SLE patients and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are defective structurally and functionally. Here we observe the long-term safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSC transplantation (MSCT) in treatment-resistant SLE patients. Eighty-seven patients with persistently active SLE who were refractory to standard treatment or had life-threatening visceral involvement were enrolled. Allogeneic bone marrow or umbilical cord-derived MSCs were harvested and infused intravenously (1 × 10(6) cells/kg of body weight). Primary outcomes were rates of survival, disease remission and relapse, as well as transplantation-related adverse events. Secondary outcomes included SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and serologic features. During the 4-year follow-up and with a mean follow-up period of 27 months, the overall rate of survival was 94% (82/87). Complete clinical remission rate was 28% at 1 year (23/83), 31% at 2 years (12/39), 42% at 3 years (5/12), and 50% at 4 years (3/6). Rates of relapse were 12% (10/83) at 1 year, 18% (7/39) at 2 years, 17% (2/12) at 3 years, and 17% (1/6) at 4 years. The overall rate of relapse was 23% (20/87). Disease activity declined as revealed by significant changes in the SLEDAI score, levels of serum autoantibodies, albumin, and complements. A total of five patients (6%) died after MSCT from non-treatment-related events in the 4-year follow-up, and no transplantation-related adverse event was observed. Allogeneic MSCT resulted in the induction of clinical remission and improvement in organ dysfunction in drug-resistant SLE patients.
Generic motion gesture detection scheme using only a triaxial accelerometer (2011)

A simple generic motion detection scheme suitable for use in gestural interfaces (GI) embedded with an accelerometer and is wirelessly connected to a PC is proposed. It consists of three processes, namely motion decomposition, wireless communication and motion pattern matching. Motion decomposition is performed within the GI on the human gestures to generate sequences of motion directions. Translational motion is identified based on the observations that any translation starts with a tangential acceleration and end with a tangential deceleration. On the other hand, rotational motions are identified by tracking the continuous changes in motion orientation. After the decomposition process, the decomposed motion directions are sent sequentially to a PC for sequence and combination matching to determine the type of gestural motions. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is simple, generic and has a modular implementation.
A Stochastic Framework for Rate-Distortion Optimized Video Coding Over Error-Prone Networks (2007)

This paper proposes a complete stochastic framework for RD optimal encoder design for video over error-prone networks, which applies to any motion-compensated predictive video codec. The distortion measure has been taken as the mean square error over an ensemble of channels given an estimate of the instantaneous packet loss probability. We show that 1) the optimal motion compensated prediction, in the MSE sense, requires computation of the expected value of the reference frames, and 2) calculation of the MSE (distortion measure) requires computation of the second moment of the reference frames. We propose a recursive procedure for the computation of both the expected value and second moment of the reference frames, which are together called the stochastic frame buffer. Furthermore, we propose a stochastic RD optimization method for selection of the optimal macroblock mode and motion vectors given the instantaneous packet loss probability. If available, channel feedback can also be incorporated into the proposed stochastic framework. However, the proposed framework does not require a feedback channel to exist, and when it exists, it does not have to be lossless. In the absence of any packet losses, the proposed stochastic framework reduces to the well-known deterministic RD optimization procedures. One possible application of the optimal stochastic framework would be for multicast streaming to an ensemble of receivers. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms other available error tracking and control schemes.
Agrarian Population’s Occupational Health Risks and After Effects (2021)

Agriculture is the prime occupation in India and many other developing countries.In the modern era, agricultural workers are confronted with many hazards include chemical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomic hazards, psychosocial hazards and physical hazards.Hence, the agriculture sector is associated with a variety of occupational injuries and illnesses.Compared with some other industries, agricultural workers are relatively facing higher risk of accidents than other workers.This sector of activity being most unorganized, suffer from certain specific health hazards due to extensive use of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides and mechanization [1].The method used in this study was a review and analysis of past data.The study classified the number and rate of occupational fatalities for workers in the agriculture sector.This paper presents the results of a literature review undertaken to determine [2] the health risks faced by the agrarian population worldwide and their aftereffects.It was concluded that the negligence toward health hazards of the farmers is costing their quality of life, which they are totally unaware, and it is the need of an hour to give proper training to farmers from time to time so that they are properly educated about the components of their work and that would further prevent the precarious effects on their health in future.
Plasmonic Properties of Anchored Nanoparticles Fabricated by Reactive Ion Etching and Nanosphere Lithography (2007)

Aqueous environments pose unique challenges to the use of nanoparticle platforms for development of robust in vitro and in vivo sensors. A method is developed to anchor nanoparticles into a glass substrate by combining nanosphere lithography (NSL) and reactive ion etching (RIE) to create a mechanically durable sensing platform. The increased mechanical performance is attributed to the higher adhesion strength of NSL nanoparticles anchored in shallow nanowells formed by RIE. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), anchored and conventional NSL nanoparticle arrays were subjected to increasing normal forces. The anchored nanoparticles were able to withstand normal forces 3 times greater (35.1 nN) compared to the conventional NSL nanoparticles (12.4 nN) prior to separation from the glass substrate. Superior adhesion in a constant flow aqueous environment is demonstrated by extinction measurements. After 1 h of 1.5 mL/min flow, extinction intensity decreased by 53% for bare and 13% for functionalized nanoparticles that were not anchored while extinction intensity decreased by only 15% for bare and less than 1% for functionalized nanoparticles that were anchored. A systematic shift to longer wavelengths is observed in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra of the nanoparticle arrays as the embedded depth increases. This systematic shifting behavior of the LSPR wavelength maximum, λmax, in the range from 678 to 982 nm, can be used to tune the plasmon position. LSPR shifting is used to demonstrate the detection of Alzheimer's precursor ligands as a potential biosensing application of the anchored nanoparticle arrays. Furthermore, we estimate the enhancement factors for SERS of the anchored nanoparticles are on the same order of magnitude (108) as the nanoparticles on flat substrates. Theoretical modeling is conducted to understand the shifting behavior of the anchored nanoparticle arrays.
Anti‐tumour actions of cannabinoids (2018)

The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important target for the treatment of many diverse diseases. In addition to the well-established palliative effects of cannabinoids in cancer therapy, phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoid compounds and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have attracted attention as possible systemic anticancer drugs. Results emerging from preclinical studies suggest cannabinoids elicit effects at different levels of cancer progression, including inhibition of proliferation, neovascularization, invasion and chemoresistance, induction of apoptosis and autophagy as well as enhancement of tumour immune surveillance. Although the clinical use of cannabinoid receptor ligands is limited by their psychoactivity, non-psychoactive compounds, such as cannabidiol, have gained attention due to preclinically established anticancer properties and a favourable risk-to-benefit profile. Thus, cannabinoids may complement the currently used collection of chemotherapeutic agents, as a broadly diversified option for cancer treatment, while counteracting some of their severe side effects. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8<sup>th</sup> European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
Oxygen plasma treatment for reducing hydrophobicity of a sealed polydimethylsiloxane microchannel (2010)

Rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is often used to build microfluidic devices. However, the inherent hydrophobic nature of the material limits the use of PDMS in many applications. While different methods have been developed to transform the hydrophobic PDMS surface to a hydrophilic surface, the actual implementation proved to be time consuming due to differences in equipment and the need for characterization. This paper reports a simple and easy protocol combining a second extended oxygen plasma treatments and proper storage to produce usable hydrophilic PDMS devices. The results show that at a plasma power of 70 W, an extended treatment of over 5 min would allow the PDMS surface to remain hydrophilic for more than 6 h. Storing the treated PDMS devices in de-ionized water would allow them to maintain their hydrophilicity for weeks. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that a longer oxygen plasma time produces a smoother surface.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Functionally Active, Nitroxide Spin-Labeled Peptide Analogues of the C-Terminus of a G-Protein α Subunit (2010)

The C-terminal tail of the transducin alpha subunit, Gtalpha(340-350), is known to bind and stabilize the active conformation of rhodopsin upon photoactivation (R*). Five spin-labeled analogues of Gtalpha(340-350) demonstrated native-like activity in their ability to bind and stabilize R*. The spin-label 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) was employed at interior sites within the peptide, whereas a Proxyl (3-carboxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidinyloxy) spin-label was employed at the amino terminus of the peptide. Upon binding to R*, the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of TOAC(343)-Gtalpha(340-350) revealed greater immobilization of the nitroxide when compared to that of the N-terminally modified Proxyl-Gtalpha(340-350) analogue. A doubly labeled Proxyl/TOAC(348)-Gtalpha(340-350) was examined by DEER spectrocopy to determine the distribution of distances between the two nitroxides in the peptides when in solution and when bound to R*. TOAC and Proxyl spin-labels in this GPCR-G-protein alpha-peptide system provide unique biophysical probes that can be used to explore the structure and conformational changes at the rhodopsin-G-protein interface.