gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Mitigating the Effects of Count to Infinity in Ethernet Networks (2009)

Ethernet's high performance, low cost, and ubiquity have made it the dominant networking technology for many application domains. Unfortunately, its distributed forwarding topology computation protocol-the rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP)-is known to suffer from a classic count-to-infinity problem. However, the cause and implications of this problem are neither documented nor understood. This paper has three main contributions. First, we identify the exact conditions under which the count-to-infinity problem manifests itself, and we characterize its effect on forwarding topology convergence. Second, we have discovered that a forwarding loop can form during count to infinity, and we provide a detailed explanation. Third, we propose a simple and effective solution called RSTP with Epochs. This solution guarantees that the forwarding topology converges in at most one round-trip time across the network and eliminates the possibility of a count-to-infinity induced forwarding loop.
UAV Localization in Row Crops (2017)

High‐flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are transforming industrial and research agriculture by delivering high spatiotemporal resolution data on a field environment. While current UAVs fly high above fields collecting aerial imagery, future low‐flying aircraft will directly interact with the environment and will utilize a wider variety of sensors. Safely and reliably operating close to unstructured environments requires improving UAVs' sensing, localization, and control algorithms. To this end, we investigate localizing a micro‐UAV in corn phenotyping trials using a laser scanner and IMU to control the altitude and position of the vehicle relative to the plant rows. In this process, the laser scanner is not only a means of localization, but also a scientific instrument for measuring plant properties. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the is capable of safely and reliably operating in real‐world phenotyping trials. We experimentally validate the system in both low and high wind conditions in fully mature corn fields. Using test data from 18 test flights, we show that the UAV is capable of localizing its position to within one field row of the true position.
Real-time accurate optical flow-based motion sensor (2008)

An accurate real-time motion sensor implemented in an FPGA is introduced in this paper. This sensor applies an optical flow algorithm based on ridge regression to solve the collinear problem existing in traditional least squares methods. It additionally applies extensive temporal smoothing of the image sequence derivatives to improve the accuracy of its optical flow estimates. Implemented on a customized embedded FPGA platform, it is capable of processing 60 320 × 240 images or 15 640 × 480 images per second. By evaluating its accuracy on synthetic sequences, it is shown here that the proposed design achieves very high accuracy compared to other known hardware-based designs.
Embroidered Coils – Integration of Wireless Charging Receiver Coils in Smart Garments (2021)

In this paper, four kinds of conductive threads were studied and their uses on embroidered coils for wireless charging system were examined. The results show that the embroidered coils can achieve a quality factor of at least 3 without compromising the mechanical performance of the textile. A coil was embroidered directly on a T-shirt which shows that the fabrication of embroidered receiver (RX) coil might be integrated into the clothing manufacturing process.
Exact analysis of Bernoulli superposition of streams into a least recently used cache (1995)

We present an exact analysis of the superposition of address streams into a cache buffer which is managed according to a least recently used (LRU) replacement policy. Each of the streams is characterized by a stack depth distribution, and we seek the cache hit ratio for each stream, when the combined, or superposed, stream is applied to a shared LRU cache. The combining process is taken to be a Bernoulli switching process. This problem arises in a number of branches of computer science, particularly in database systems and processor architecture. Previously, a number of approximation techniques of various complexities have been proposed for the solution of this problem. The main contribution of the paper is the description of an exact technique. We evaluate the performance of the exact and an approximate technique on realistic data, both in a lab environment and a large database installation. The results allow comparisons of the techniques, and provide insight into the validity of the Bernoulli switching assumption.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A heterogeneous CPU-GPU implementation for discrete elements simulation with multiple GPUs (2013)

To calculate the large number of particles in discrete elements simulation, a heterogeneous CPU-GPU implementation with multiple GPUs is developed. The implementation is achieved by combining two different parallel programming languages so that it can be assigned to a CPU-GPU cluster. The communication between nodes uses Massage Passing Interface (MPI) implementation for dynamic domain decomposition, particles re-mapping and data copying of overlapping areas. Other works are assigned to GPUs to obtain a high computational speed. The results of strong and weak scalability tests are analyzed for different number of GPUs. Last, the LAMMPS is used as CPU platform to compare with multi-GPU application for reflecting the superiority of using heterogeneous implementation.
Prosody Based Co-analysis for Continuous Recognition of Coverbal Gestures (2002)

Although speech and gesture recognition has been studied extensively, all the successful attempts of combining them in the unified framework were semantically motivated, e.g., keyword-gesture cooccurrence. Such formulations inherited the complexity of natural language processing. This paper presents a Bayesian formulation that uses a phenomenon of gesture and speech articulation for improving accuracy of automatic recognition of continuous coverbal gestures. The prosodic features from the speech signal were coanalyzed with the visual signal to learn the prior probability of co-occurrence of the prominent spoken segments with the particular kinematical phases of gestures. It was found that the above co-analysis helps in detecting and disambiguating visually small gestures, which subsequently improves the rate of continuous gesture recognition. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated on a large database collected from the weather channel broadcast. This formulation opens new avenues for bottom-up frameworks of multimodal integration.
Thermoelectric alloys between PbSe and PbS with effective thermal conductivity reduction and high figure of merit (2014)

The n-type alloys between PbSe and PbS are studied. The effect of alloy composition on transport properties is evaluated and the results are interpreted with theories based on random atomic site substitution. The alloying in PbSe1−xSx brings thermal conductivity reduction, carrier mobility reduction as well as change of effective mass. When all these factors are evaluated, both experimentally and theoretically, the optimized thermoelectric performance is found to change gradually with alloy composition. High zT can be found in all PbSe1−xSx alloys. The possibility of achieving significant improvement of zT through alloying is also discussed.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression Profiles Predict Poor Outcome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

We aimed to identify peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression profiles predictive of poor outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by performing microarray experiments of PBMCs in discovery and replication cohorts of IPF patients. Microarray analyses identified 52 genes associated with transplant-free survival (TFS) in the discovery cohort. Clustering the microarray samples of the replication cohort using the 52-gene outcome-predictive signature distinguished two patient groups with significant differences in TFS. We studied the pathways associated with TFS in each independent microarray cohort and identified decreased expression of "The costimulatory signal during T cell activation" Biocarta pathway and, in particular, the genes CD28, ICOS, LCK, and ITK, results confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A proportional hazards model, including the qRT-PCR expression of CD28, ICOS, LCK, and ITK along with patient's age, gender, and percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 78.5% at 2.4 months for death and lung transplant prediction in the replication cohort. To evaluate the potential cellular source of CD28, ICOS, LCK, and ITK expression, we analyzed and found significant correlation of these genes with the PBMC percentage of CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells in the replication cohort. Our results suggest that CD28, ICOS, LCK, and ITK are potential outcome biomarkers in IPF and should be further evaluated for patient prioritization for lung transplantation and stratification in drug studies.
Fast Multi-Stage Motion-Compensated Approach for HDR (2020)

Multi-frame High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is a technique to improve details while capturing scenes with large variations in luminosity by blending together a stack of images captured using varying exposure values. Local motion between the stack of images often result in ghost artifacts or reduced dynamic range especially in over-exposed or underexposed regions. This paper proposes a method to mitigate these problems using a novel multi-stage algorithm. At each stage of the proposed method, intermediate HDR images are generated from consecutive exposure pairs using a computational unit termed as Basis HDR. The outputs produced by each Basis HDR unit is ensured to be free of ghosts using a novel algorithm to estimate local motion in the scene. Qualitative and quantitative comparison studies show that the proposed method generates images with improved dynamic range, minimal ghosts and a higher MEF-SSIM score as compared to existing state-of-the-art. The proposed method can process a 3-frame HDR on a smartphone in under a second thus making it a fast and reliable algorithm for smartphones.
Electrical properties of ferroelectric thin-film capacitors with hybrid (Pt,RuO2) electrodes for nonvolatile memory applications (1995)

For Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) thin-film capacitors to be used in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories, they must have low polarization fatigue and low leakage currents. PZT capacitors fabricated in our laboratory with RuO2 electrodes exhibit excellent polarization fatigue characteristics, but they have large and variable leakage currents (typically 10−3–10−4 A/cm2 at 1 V). On the other hand, PZT capacitors with Pt electrodes have low leakage currents (typically &lt;10−9 A/cm2 at 1 V), but they undergo severe polarization fatigue. New (Pt,RuO2) hybrid electrodes which result in PZT capacitors that combine the excellent fatigue behavior of RuO2/PZT/RuO2 with the low leakage currents of Pt/PZT/Pt capacitors have been developed. The hybrid electrodes studied are of two main types: one type consisted of Pt/RuO2 or RuO2/Pt double layers, while the other consisted of a codeposited Pt–RuO2 layer. All capacitors discussed here had an RuO2/PZT/hybrid electrode/MgO heterostructure. It will be shown that capacitors with negligible fatigue (up to 1011 switching cycles) and with leakage currents that are two to four orders of magnitude lower than those of RuO2/PZT/RuO2 capacitors can be achieved. In addition, the capacitors with hybrid electrodes have very small retention loss.
Isolation of black creek canal virus, a new hantavirus from <i>Sigmodon hispidus</i> in Florida (1995)

Numerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case in Dade County, Florida. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently capture rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. Hantavirus genome RNA was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A virus was isolated from tissues of two seropositive cotton rats by cultivation of lung and spleen homogenates on Vero E6 cells. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct RT-PCR and the serologic relationships of this virus with the other hantaviruses indicate that this virus, Black Creek Canal virus, represents a new hantavirus distinct from the previously known serotypes.
Design of Photonic Crystal Directional Coupler with High Extinction Ratio and Small Coupling Length (2005)

As one of the key component of photonic crystal optical circuit devices, the directional coupler is investigated. We explain the reason the directional coupler consisting of an ordinary symmetric parallel waveguide cannot have a high extinction ratio and a small coupling length simultaneously. To realize both characteristics simultaneously, we propose a novel directional coupler structure. By numerical calculation, we show the possibility of a directional coupler with a high extinction ratio (-24 dB) and a small coupling length (18a).
A Homogeneous Catalyst for Reduction of Optically Active Esters to the Corresponding Chiral Alcohols without Loss of Optical Purities (2009)

Abstract A ruthenium complex was found to catalyze the hydrogen reduction of esters under mild and neutral conditions. A variety of optically active esters can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols in excellent yield without loss of their optical purity or causing undesirable side reactions. Hydrogen reduction needs such simple operations – reaction, concentration, and purification – that the violent quench step and extraction step, which accompany conventional sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride reduction, can be omitted.
Microfluidic Sorting of Cells by Viability Based on Differences in Cell Stiffness (2017)

The enrichment of viable cells is an essential step to obtain effective products for cell therapy. While procedures exist to characterize the viability of cells, most methods to exclude nonviable cells require the use of density gradient centrifugation or antibody-based cell sorting with molecular labels of cell viability. We report a label-free microfluidic technique to separate live and dead cells that exploits differences in cellular stiffness. The device uses a channel with repeated ridges that are diagonal with respect to the direction of cell flow. Stiff nonviable cells directed through the channel are compressed and translated orthogonally to the channel length, while soft live cells follow hydrodynamic flow. As a proof of concept, Jurkat cells are enriched to high purity of viable cells by a factor of 185-fold. Cell stiffness was validated as a sorting parameter as nonviable cells were substantially stiffer than live cells. To highlight the utility for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, frozen samples of cord blood were thawed and the purity of viable nucleated cells was increased from 65% to over 94% with a recovery of 73% of the viable cells. Thus, the microfluidic stiffness sorting can simply and efficiently obtain highly pure populations of viable cells.
Porphyrins Bearing Mono or Tripodal Benzylphosphonic Acid Tethers for Attachment to Oxide Surfaces. (2004)

The ability to attach redox-active molecules to oxide surfaces in controlled architectures (distance,\norientation, packing density) is essential for the design of a variety of molecular-based information\nstorage devices. We describe the synthesis of a series of redox-active molecules wherein each\nmolecule bears a benzylphosphonic acid tether. The redox-active molecules include zinc porphyrins,\na cobalt porphyrin, and a ferrocene-zinc porphyrin. An analogous tripodal tether has been prepared\nthat is based on a tris[4-(dihydroxyphosphorylmethyl)phenyl]-derivatized methane. A zinc porphyrin\nis linked to the methane vertex by a 1,4-phenylene unit. The tripodal systems are designed to\nimprove monolayer stability and ensure vertical orientation of the redox-active porphyrin on the\nelectroactive surface. For comparison purposes, a zinc porphyrin bearing a hexylphosphonic acid\ntether also has been prepared. The synthetic approaches for introduction of the phosphonic acid\ngroup include derivatization of a bromoalkyl porphyrin or use of a dimethyl or diethyl phosphonate\nsubstituted precursor in a porphyrin-forming reaction. The latter approach makes use of dipyrromethane building blocks bearing mono or tripodal dialkyl phosphonate groups. The zinc porphyrin-tripodal compound bearing benzylphosphonic acid legs tethered to a SiO<sub>2</sub> surface (grown on doped\nSi) was electrically well-behaved and exhibited characteristic porphyrin oxidation/reduction waves.\nCollectively, a variety of porphyrinic molecules can now be prepared with tethers of different length,\ncomposition, and structure (mono or tripodal) for studies of molecular-based information storage\non oxide surfaces.
Synthesis and Properties of Calix[4]arene‐<i>bis</i>[4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo‐crown‐6], A Cesium Extractant with Improved Solubility (2004)

Abstract The new cesium‐selective macrocycle calix[4]arene‐bis[4‐(2‐ethylhexyl) benzo‐crown‐6] (“BEHBCalixC6”) has been found to have improved solubility in a modified alkane diluent over calix[4]arene‐bis(4‐tert‐octylbenzo‐crown‐6) (“BOBCalixC6”). The synthesis of this new calixcrown extractant, together with its solubility and extraction properties, is described in this report. The solubility, cesium extraction, and potassium loading behavior are compared with those of BOBCalixC6, the macrocycle currently employed in the caustic‐side solvent extraction (CSSX) process for extracting cesium from alkaline nitrate solutions such as high‐level nuclear waste. Replacement of the tert‐octyl alkyl chains on the benzo‐crown portion of the calixcrown by 2‐ethylhexyl chains improves the equilibrium solubility of the free calixcrown in aliphatic diluents while not affecting the cesium extraction strength. Equilibrium concentrations of BEHBCalixC6 in Isopar L diluent modified with 0.5 M 1‐(2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropoxy)‐3‐(4‐sec‐butylphenoxy)‐2‐propanol (Cs‐7SB) over the course of 41 weeks of gentle agitation at 25°C maintained the initial concentration of 57 ± 2 mM, with no evidence of precipitation or third‐phase formation. In contrast, 57 ± 2 mM solutions of BOBCalixC6 prepared using sonication were not stable, with precipitation occurring to afford an equilibrium concentration of only 6.7 ± 0.2 mM after 41 weeks. Third‐phase tests showed that BEHBCalixC6 resists third‐phase formation as well as, or better than, BOBCalixC6. With increasing potassium loading from an alkaline sodium nitrate solution, both calixcrowns at 20 mM in modified Isopar L exhibited comparable onset of third‐phase formation, gauging by the decreasing mass balance in cesium extraction from the same solutions. However, the BEHBCalixC6 solvent exhibited no visible indications of third‐phase formation until the aqueous potassium concentration reached 0.75 M, whereas the BOBCalixC6 suffered visible third‐phase formation when the aqueous potassium nitrate concentration reached 0.25 M. Calixcrowns with higher solubility in alkane diluents may find application in cesium extraction from waste matrices containing moderate (≥0.2 M) quantities of potassium, such as that stored at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site, where higher concentrations of the calixcrown extractant may be required to obtain practical cesium distribution coefficients for process flowsheets.
Keratin variants are overrepresented in primary biliary cirrhosis and associate with disease severity† (2009)

K8/K18/K19 variants are overrepresented in Italian PBC patients and associate with liver disease progression. Therefore, we hypothesize that K8/K18/K19 variants may serve as genetic modifiers in PBC.
Immunological and structural conservation of mammalian skeletal muscle glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked ADP-ribosyltransferases (1994)

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of arginine residues in proteins. Coding region nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of a human skeletal muscle ADP-ribosyltransferase cDNA were, respectively, 80.8% and 81.3% identical to those of the rabbit skeletal muscle transferase. A human transferase-specific cDNA probe detected major mRNA of 1.2 kb (mouse and rat), 3.0 kb (rabbit), 3.8 kb (monkey), and 5.7 kb (human) upon Northern analysis. Polyclonal anti-rabbit ADP-ribosyltransferase antibodies reacted with 36,000 M(r) proteins in partially purified transferase preparations from bovine, dog, and rabbit heart muscle and a 40,000 M(r) protein from human skeletal muscle. The human muscle ADP-ribosyltransferase cDNA, like the previously cloned rabbit muscle transferase, predicts predominantly hydrophobic amino- and carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences, which is characteristic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. On immunoblots of partially purified rabbit and human skeletal muscle ADP-ribosyltransferases, anti-cross-reacting determinant antibodies detected at 36,000 and 40,000 M(r), respectively, phosphatidylinositol-specific, phospholipase C-sensitive, GPI-anchored proteins. These data are consistent with the conclusion that GPI-anchored skeletal and cardiac muscle ADP-ribosyltransferases are conserved across mammalian species.
Self‐assembling amyloid‐like peptides as exogenous second harmonic probes for bioimaging applications (2019)

Amyloid-like peptides are an ideal model for the mechanistic study of amyloidosis, which may lead to many human diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. This study reports a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect of amyloid-like peptides, having a signal equivalent to or even higher than those of endogenous collagen fibers. Several amyloid-like peptides (both synthetic and natural) were examined under SHG microscopy and shown they are SHG-active. These peptides can also be observed inside cells (in vitro). This interesting property can make these amyloid-like peptides second harmonic probes for bioimaging applications. Furthermore, SHG microscopy can provide a simple and label-free approach to detect amyloidosis. Lattice corneal dystrophy was chosen as a model disease of amyloidosis. Morphological difference between normal and diseased human corneal biopsy samples can be easily recognized, proving that SHG can be a useful tool for disease diagnosis.
A background to nuclear transfer and its applications in agriculture and human therapeutic medicine* (2002)

The development of a single celled fertilized zygote to an animal capable of reproduction involves not only cell division but the differentiation or specialization to numerous cell types forming each tissue and organ of the adult animal. The technique of nuclear transfer allows the reconstruction of an embryo by the transfer of genetic material from a single donor cell, to an unfertilized egg from which the genetic material has been removed. Successful development of live offspring from such embryos demonstrates that the differentiated state of the donor nucleus is not fixed and can be reprogrammed by the egg cytoplasm to control embryo and fetal development. Nuclear transfer has many applications in agriculture and human medicine. This article will review some of the factors associated with the success of embryo development following nuclear transfer and outline the potential uses of the technology.