gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Carbon Nanocages: An Advanced Architecture with Surface- and Morphology-Enhanced Removal Capacity for Arsenites (2017)

Magnetic carbon nanocages (Mag@CNCs) were synthesized via a green one-step process using pine resin and iron nitrate salt as a carbon and iron source, respectively. To produce Mag@CNCs, pristine materials have been carbonized at high temperature under inert atmosphere. The structural, textural, and surface properties of as-synthesized Mag@CNCs were studied employing microscopic, spectroscopic, and surface physicochemical methods. The obtained results showed that the new Mag@CNCs have significant surface area (177 m2 g–1) with both microporosity and mesoporosity. Moreover, the material exhibits a homogeneous distribution of core–shell-type magnetic nanoparticles within the carbon matrix, formed by iron carbide (Fe3C) and metallic iron (α-Fe), with sizes of 20–100 nm, surrounded by a few graphitic layers-walls. Most importantly, Mag@CNCs were tested as absorbents for As(III) removal from aqueous solutions, showing a total of 263.9 mg As(III)-uptake capacity per gram of material at pH = 7, a record sorption capacity value among all previously tested iron-based materials and one of highest values among all reported sorbents so far. The adsorbed As(III) species are anchored at the surface of Mag@CNCs, as demonstrated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The pH-edge As(III)-adsorption experiments combined with theoretical surface complexation modeling allowed a detailed understanding of the interfacial properties of Mag@CNCs, and hence the As(III) uptake mechanism. The analysis revealed that As(III) binds on two types of surface sites of Mag@CNCs, i.e., on carbon-surface species (≡CxOH2) and on Fe-oxide layer (≡FeOH2) of nanoparticles. This exemplifies that the advanced morphology- and surface-driven synergistic properties of the Mag@CNCs material are crucial for its As(III)-uptake performance.
Editorial: Connected Consumer (2017)

We recently celebrated the iPhone's 10th birthday.It was only a decade ago that we saw Steve Jobs present Apple's first mobile phone.The first iPhone was unable to record videos, it had to be connected to a computer to be configured, it didn't have much memory, it was small and (by today's standards) very slow.In just 10 short years, however, things have changed dramatically.In 2008, the concept of mobile apps was introduced by Apple with the app store.Siri entered the scene in 2011.Google is adding one digital service after the next and Amazon is rolling out Alexa at a rapid pace.This year we've seen the launch of the iPhone 8 and iPhone X and almost 5 billion people globally are connected via smartphones.As much as mobile has transformed how we connect, so has social media.Over 2 billion people actively use Facebook and more than a billion use Whatsapp.And this mobile and social phenomenon is not limited to the young and conventionally tech savvy -almost everyone these days is "always on" and constantly connected.
Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications (2008)

The electrospinning technique provides non-wovens to the order of few nanometers with large surface areas, ease of functionalisation for various purposes and superior mechanical properties. Also, the possibility of large scale productions combined with the simplicity of the process makes this technique very attractive for many different applications. Biomedical field is one of the important application areas among others utilising the technique of electrospinning like filtration and protective material, electrical and optical applications, sensors, nanofiber reinforced composites etc. Electrospinning assembly can be modified in different ways for combining materials properties with different morphological structures for these applications. The importance of electrospinning, in general, for biomedical applications like tissue engineering drug release, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization etc. is highlighted in this feature article. The focus is also on the types of materials that have been electrospun and the modifications that have been carried out in conventional electrospinning apparatus keeping in view the specific needs for various biomedical applications.
Synthesis of capped polyether macromonomers and their copolymers as antiscalants for calcium phosphate (2013)

Capped polyether macromonomers APES10 and APEC10 were synthesized from allyl polyethylene glycol sole ether APEO10,and their polycarboxylic acid type copolymers AA/APES10,AA/APEC10 as antiscalants were prepared from small molecule monomers acrylic acid AA.The products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR and the performance of their copolymers of calcium phosphate inhibition was evaluated by the static scale-inhibiting method.The studies indicated that when mass ratio of APES10 to AA was 1∶1,APEC10 to AA was 2∶3,both AA/APEC10 and AA/APES10 had much better ability to inhibit the precipitation of calcium phosphate than other mass ratios.It was also shown that both AA/APEC10 and AA/APES10 had superior ability to inhibit the precipitation of calcium phosphate when the dosage was 6 mg·L-1,approximately showing 100%,92% inhibition,respectively.While compared to that of AA/APES10,AA/APEC10 had superior ability to control calciumphosphate deposition.Furthermore,the synthesized AA/APEC10 is an environmentally friendly antiscalant,only containing four elements of carbon(C),hydrogen(H),oxygen(O),sodium(Na),without phosphorous(P)and nitrogen(N).AA/APEC10 is an excellent performance non-phosphorus inhibitor for calcium phosphate scaling in industrial recycling water systems.
<i>CXCL12 G801A</i> Polymorphism Is a Risk Factor for Sporadic Prostate Cancer Susceptibility (2007)

This is the first report showing that CXCL12 G801A polymorphism may be a risk factor for PC. Moreover, this study suggests that this polymorphism can be an important marker for detecting microinvasion and PC metastasis.
Latch Based Interconnect Pipelining For High Speed Integrated Circuits (2006)

Aggressive optimization of global interconnect and various improvement skims, such as, repeater insertion, advancement of interconnect materials and use of low dielectrics constant materials are not sufficient to ensure the required performance of high-performance nanometer-scale integrated circuits, since interconnect delays will far exceed the device delays, and multiple clock cycles may be needed for cross-chip signal communication. Unconventional methodologies like insertion of sequential elements in interconnects lines -a concept that has become known as interconnect pipelining - are required to find acceptable solution beyond traditional buffer-insertion based interconnect systems. Here a survey of the issues and challenges in realizing interconnect pipelining technique are presented. Wire pipelining can be based on two approaches - edge triggered flip-flops based and transparent latch based pipelining. Here a set of analytical models is developed to study the implementation of latch based wire pipelining. The proposed analytical models can be used to predict the minimum number, position and feasible region of latches required for wire pipelining scheme
Multi-band hybrid antenna for ultra-thin mobile phone applications (2009)

A compact hybrid antenna consisting of two PIFAs and a slot antenna is proposed for ultra-thin mobile phone applications. The antenna has a very compact volume of 46×10×4.2 mm3, and it operates at GSM 850/900, DCS, PCS, and UMTS bands, simultaneously. Results show that its bandwidth and efficiency are sufficient for these penta-band mobile phone applications.
Patterns of Invasive Growth In Vitro. Human Decidua Graviditatis Confronted With Established Human Cell Lines and Primary Human Explants2 (1976)

Human decidua graviditatis was used as a receptor tissue to demonstrate invasive properties of human cells in vitro. In the confrontation between decidua and established cell lines of tumors and of normal origin as well as primary explanted cells, we noted differences in the cells' interactions with decidual tissue. The two original tumor cell lines, HeLa (carcinoma) and AFi (sarcoma), and a spontaneously transformed lymphoblastoid cell line showed aggressiveness, i.e., invasion, rapid proliferation, injury, and destruction of the decidual tissue. Strain HeLa S3 and two established cell lines, FL (amnion) and Girardi Heart, which are regarded as transformed cells because of their increased mitotic rate and polyploidy, exhibited various degrees of aggressiveness but did not invade. Freshly explanted fetal lung and endometrium caused no injury to the receptor tissue and were included in the decidual tissue.
An optimal pre-compensation based joint polarization-amplitude-phase modulation scheme for the power amplifier energy efficiency improvement (2013)

A Joint Polarization-Amplitude-Phase Modulation (JPAPM) scheme in wireless communication is proposed to improve the Power Amplifier (PA) energy efficiency. The proposed scheme introduces the signal's Polarization State (PS), amplitude and phase as the information-bearing parameters. Thus, the data rate can be further enhanced on the basis of the traditional amplitude-phase modulation. Also, since the transmitted signal's PS completely manipulated by orthogonally dual-polarized antennas is unaffected by the PA, JPAPM can let PA work in its nonlinear region to acquire high PA conversion efficiency. Furthermore, to mitigate the polarization-based impairment to JPAPM caused by the wireless channel's polarization dependent loss effect, the optimal pre-compensation algorithm is also presented. Simulation under the same symbol error rate and channel state shows the JPAPM can improve the PA energy efficiency significantly compared with the traditional quadrature amplitude modulation.
Simultaneous Identification of 14 Genital Microorganisms in Urine by Use of a Multiplex PCR-Based Reverse Line Blot Assay (2009)

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a sensitive method for the simultaneous identification of 14 urogenital potential pathogens. A multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay was developed to detect 14 urogenital pathogens or putative pathogens, namely Trichomonas vaginalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma parvum, U. urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and HSV2, N. meningitidis, Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium, and adenovirus, using two species-specific primer pairs and probes for each. The method was validated using a reference strain or a well-characterized clinical isolate of each target organism and was found to be both sensitive and specific. The limits of detection for the mPCR/RLB assay varied among the 14 target organisms from 4.2 x 10(-1) to 7.0 x 10(-11) ng/microl of genomic DNA. There were no cross-reactions among any of the probes. This method was used to test 529 first-voided urine specimens from male patients with and without urethritis attending two Sydney sexual health clinics. One or more target species were detected in 193 (36%) subjects. Of 233 positive results, overall 216 (93%) were concordant between mPCR/RLB and a comparator method (culture and/or species-specific PCR), 9 were positive only by mPCR/RLB, and 8 were positive only by the comparator method. The mPCR/RLB method was an accurate, convenient, and inexpensive method for the detection of multiple potential pathogens in first-voided urine specimens from men.
Stochastic Implementation of LDPC Decoders (2006)

LDPC codes are found in many recent communications standards such as 10GBASE-T, DVB-S2 and IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX). We present a review of a new class of "stochastic" iterative decoding architectures. Stochastic decoders represent probabilistic messages by the frequency of ones in a binary stream. This results in a simple mapping of the factor graph of the code into silicon. An FPGA implementation of a LDPC decoder with 8 information bits and 8 coded bits is described. On an Altera Cyclone FPGA, the throughput is 5 Mbps when clocked at 100 MHz and is expected to increase nearly linearly with the code length. Simulations of the decoder on an Altera Stratix FPGA indicate a potential throughput of 8 Mbps
Evaluation of robustness and transparency of multiple audio watermark embedding (2008)

As digital watermarking becomes an accepted and widely applied technology, a number of concerns regarding its reliability in typical application scenarios come up. One important and often discussed question is the robustness of digital watermarks against multiple embedding. This means that one cover is marked several times by various users with by same watermarking algorithm but with different keys and different watermark messages. In our paper we discuss the behavior of our PCM audio watermarking algorithm when applying multiple watermark embedding. This includes evaluation of robustness and transparency. Test results for multiple hours of audio content ranging from spoken words to music are provided.
A three-dimensional porous metal–organic framework with the rutile topology constructed from triangular and distorted octahedral building blocks (2005)

The solvothermal reaction of zinc acetate dihydrate with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid yields a three-dimensional porous metal-organic framework constructed from triangular and distorted octahedral building blocks, the framework of which can be described as a decorated rutile net.
The Adult Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota Is Stable over Time and Infection Type, and Highly Resilient to Antibiotic Treatment of Exacerbations (2020)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by defective mucociliary clearance and chronic airway infection by a complex microbiota. Infection, persistent inflammation and periodic episodes of acute pulmonary exacerbation contribute to an irreversible decline in CF lung function. While the factors leading to acute exacerbations are poorly understood, antibiotic treatment can temporarily resolve pulmonary symptoms and partially restore lung function. Previous studies indicated that exacerbations may be associated with changes in microbial densities and the acquisition of new microbial species. Given the complexity of the CF microbiota, we applied massively parallel pyrosequencing to identify changes in airway microbial community structure in 23 adult CF patients during acute pulmonary exacerbation, after antibiotic treatment and during periods of stable disease. Over 350,000 sequences were generated, representing nearly 170 distinct microbial taxa. Approximately 60% of sequences obtained were from the recognized CF pathogens Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, which were detected in largely non-overlapping patient subsets. In contrast, other taxa including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Rothia and Veillonella were abundant in nearly all patient samples. Although antibiotic treatment was associated with a small decrease in species richness, there was minimal change in overall microbial community structure. Furthermore, microbial community composition was highly similar in patients during an exacerbation and when clinically stable, suggesting that exacerbations may represent intrapulmonary spread of infection rather than a change in microbial community composition. Mouthwash samples, obtained from a subset of patients, showed a nearly identical distribution of taxa as expectorated sputum, indicating that aspiration may contribute to colonization of the lower airways. Finally, we observed a strong correlation between low species richness and poor lung function. Taken together, these results indicate that the adult CF lung microbiome is largely stable through periods of exacerbation and antibiotic treatment and that short-term compositional changes in the airway microbiota do not account for CF pulmonary exacerbations.
Crystal Structure of d(GGCCAATTGG) Complexed with DAPI Reveals Novel Binding Mode<sup>,</sup> (1999)

The single-crystal X-ray structure of the complex between the minor groove binder 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and d(GGCCAATTGG) reveals a novel way of off-centered binding, with an unique hydrogen bond between the minor groove binder and a CG base pair. Application of crystal engineering and cryocooling techniques helped to extend the resolution to 1.9 A, resulting in an unambiguous determination of drug conformation and orientation. The structure was refined to completion using SHELXL-93, resulting in a residual factor R of 18. 0% for 3562 reflections with F(o) > 4sigma(F(o)) including 81 water molecules. As the bulky NH(2)-group on guanine is believed to prevent drug binding in the minor groove, the nature and stability of the CG-DAPI contact was further addressed in full detail using ab initio quantum chemical methods. The amino groups involved in the guanine-drug interaction are substantially nonplanar, resulting in an energy gain of about 5 kcal/mol. The combined structural and theoretical data suggest that the guanine NH(2)-group does not destabilize the drug binding to an extent that it prevents complexation.
Fault Propagation Through Embedded Multiport Memories (1987)

An analytical method is described for determining the random pattern testability of permanent faults in the prelogic driving the data-in and the address lines of a multiport random access memory whose outputs are directly observable. The results can be used with minimal extensions to existing detection probability tools such as the cutting algorithm.
I-Mutant2.0: predicting stability changes upon mutation from the protein sequence or structure (2005)

http://gpcr.biocomp.unibo.it/cgi/predictors/I-Mutant2.0/I-Mutant2.0.cgi.
Grid-Boxing for Spatial Simulation Performance Optimisation (2006)

Computer simulations of complex systems such as physical aggregation processes or swarming and collective behaviour of life-forms, often require order N-squared computational complexity for N microscopic components. This is a significant handicap to simulating systems large enough to compare with real-world experimental data. We discuss space partitioning methods for two such simulation codes and demonstrate complexity improvements by taking advantage of information about locations and interaction distances of the microscopic model components. We present results for a diffusion limited cluster-cluster aggregation code and for an artificial life simulation code. We discuss the data structures necessary to support such algorithms and show how they can be implemented to obtain high performance and maximal simulation productivity for a given computational resource. There are some subtleties in whether such spatial partitioning algorithms should produce a computational complexity of N to some power between 1 and 2 or whether they should be order N log N. We discuss these effects in the context of our data.
Monolithic photorefractive materials (1997)

We have developed novel multifunctional materials for photorefractive applications. Two kinds of molecular systems were studied: acceptor-substituted carbazole main-chain polymers and oligomers. The photocarrier generation properties and second-order nonlinear optical responses in acceptor-substituted carbazoles were examined by xerographic discharge, second-harmonic generation and electro-optic measurements. The multifunctionalities of the main-chain polymers and oligomers with carbazole moieties were confirmed, which fulfill all the requirements for photorefraction. Photorefractive effects were confirmed by two-beam coupling and four-wave mixing measurements. These multifunctional carbazole main-chain polymers and oligomers enable us the development of monolithic photorefractive materials.
Japanese railway condition monitoring of tracks using in-service vehicle (2011)

This paper summarizes the track-condition-monitoring system for conventional and high speed railway used in Japanese railway. For conventional railway, rail irregularities are estimated from the vertical and lateral acceleration of the car body. The roll angle of the car body, calculated using a rate gyroscope, is used to distinguish line irregularities from level irregularities. Rail corrugation is detected from cabin noise with spectral peak calculation. A GPS system and a map-matching algorithm are used to pinpoint the location of faults on tracks. Field test using in-service vehicle was carried out to evaluate the developed system. The results show that the condition of rail irregularity and rail corrugation can be estimated effectively. For high speed railway, shinkansen, the track condition monitoring system called RAIDARSS 3 is introduced. (6 pages)
Deep Modeling of Group Preferences for Group-Based Recommendation (2014)

Nowadays, most recommender systems (RSs) mainly aim to suggest appropriate items for individuals. Due to the social nature of human beings, group activities have become an integral part of our daily life, thus motivating the study on group RS (GRS). However, most existing methods used by GRS make recommendations through aggregating individual ratings or individual predictive results rather than considering the collective features that govern user choices made within a group. As a result, such methods are heavily sensitive to data, hence they often fail to learn group preferences when the data are slightly inconsistent with predefined aggregation assumptions. To this end, we devise a novel GRS approach which accommodates both individual choices and group decisions in a joint model. More specifically, we propose a deep-architecture model built with collective deep belief networks and dual-wing restricted Boltzmann machines. With such a deep model, we can use high-level features, which are induced from lower-level features, to represent group preference so as to relieve the vulnerability of data. Finally, the experiments conducted on a real-world dataset prove the superiority of our deep model over other state-of-the-art methods.
<title>Automating measurement of subtle changes in articular cartilage from MRI of the knee by combining 3D image registration and segmentation</title> (2001)

In osteoarthritis, articular cartilage loses integrity and becomes thinned. This usually occurs at sites which bear weight during normal use. Measurement of such loss from MRI scans, requires precise and reproducible techniques, which can overcome the difficulties of patient repositioning within the scanner. In this study, we combine a previously described technique for segmentation of cartilage from MRI of the knee, with a technique for 3D image registration that matches localized regions of interest at followup and baseline. Two patients, who had recently undergone meniscal surgery, and developed lesions during the 12 month followup period were examined. Image registration matched regions of interest (ROI) between baseline and followup, and changes within the cartilage lesions were estimate to be about a 16% reduction in cartilage volume within each ROI. This was more than 5 times the reproducibility of the measurement, but only represented a change of between 1 and 2% in total femoral cartilage volume. Changes in total cartilage volume may be insensitive for quantifying changes in cartilage morphology. A combined used of automated image segmentation, with 3D image registration could be a useful tool for the precise and sensitive measurement of localized changes in cartilage from MRI of the knee.