gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Using an Eosinophil Peroxidase Assay (2016)

The results support the use of this rapid method to detect and monitor EoE disease activity. Moreover, because eosinophils infiltrate and degranulate in the esophagus in EoE in a patchy manner, this method may be more accurate than current practice by testing for an eosinophil constituent from both intact and degranulated cells, and by sampling large portions of the esophageal lumen rather than small biopsy specimens that may not be representative of eosinophil involvement.
Determination of the Number of Cells in Preimplantation Embryos by Using Noninvasive Optical Quadrature Microscopy in Conjunction with Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (2007)

The number of cells in a preimplantation embryo is directly correlated to the health and viability of the embryo. There are currently no methods to count the number of cells in late-stage preimplantation embryos noninvasively. We assessed the ability of optical quadrature microscopy (OQM) to count the number of cells in mouse preimplantation embryos noninvasively. First, to test for possible light toxicity, we exposed two-cell mouse embryos to OQM and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and assessed their ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. We found no inhibition of development from either mode of microscopy for up to 2 h of light exposure. We also imaged eight-cell to morula stage mouse preimplantation embryos by OQM nd developed two methods for counting the number of cells. The contour signature method (CSM) used OQM images alone and the phase subtraction method (PSM) used both OQM and DIC images. We compared both methods to standard cell counting techniques and found that the PSM was superior to all other noninvasive cell counting methods. Our work on mouse embryos should be applicable to human embryos. The ability to correctly count the number of cells in human preimplantation embryos could lead to the transfer of fewer embryos in in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics and consequently a lower rate of high-risk multiple-infant births.
An adaptive wavelength tunable optical filter employing an angle-tuned interference filter and an intelligent digital controller (1996)

This paper describes an adaptive wavelength tunable optical filter, which is composed of an angle-tuned interference optical filter and an intelligent digital controller. The new angle-tuned interference filter consists of a dielectric interference optical filter and a piezoelectric angle-tuning mechanism. It achieves quick wavelength switching within 2.5 ms in a 30 nm tuning range and a sufficiently low crosstalk less than -30 dB. The intelligent digital controller has two functions: wavelength tracking and wavelength channel selection. Combining these technologies, we have developed a practical low-cost tunable filter suitable for a post-optical-amplifier filter in a high-sensitivity detection system and a channel selector in a WDM system that requires 10-100 ms channel selection time. With a wavelength tracking operation, we have confirmed -35 dBm high-sensitivity detection in 20 nm wavelength range in a 10 Gb/s system. We have also confirmed a wavelength channel selection operation within 18 ms in a three-channel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system whose channel spacing is 4.4 nm.
<title>Spectropolarimetric imaging for object recognition</title> (1998)

We have built an all-electronic spectro-polarimetric imaging camera utilizing an acousto-optic tunable filter and a liquid crystal variable retardation plate. This combination of rapidly adjustable parameters allows operations at 30/sec. frame rate, and near real time adaptability to changing target signatures. The spectral capability of the AOTF permits us to apply simultaneous, multiple wavelength filtering which greatly increases selectivity. Electronically agile polarization analysis adds a valuable signature feature for many scenarios. The adjustable retardation gives the capability to analyze and display not only linear polarization, but more generally, elliptical polarization as well. We have developed background suppression algorithms based on spectral and polarization signatures so that a wide variety of targets may be displayed with greatly enhanced contrast.
Secure notarization of paper text documents (2001)

We present a method to notarize a paper document. This method computes a set of features from the page, inputs these features into a hash function, digitally signs the output, and then prints the resulting signature on the page. The notarized document is self-contained: verification does not require reference to online information.
Threshold characteristics of composite resonator vertical cavity lasers (2003)

Summary form only given. The monolithic integration of coupled resonators within a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode enables new functionality due to the unique ability to tailor the optical properties of the laser. We show the threshold characteristics of a dual cavity composite resonator vertical cavity laser (CRVCL) are consistent with current mediated quantum well absorption when varying the injection current into either the top or the bottom cavity. The CRVCL output characteristics that we present here suggest potential applications for high speed laser modulation.
Fowl Adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-Based Infectious Clone for Vaccine Vector Development and Viral Gene Function Studies (2018)

Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) is associated with economically important poultry diseases. Recent studies of fully sequenced genomes of FAdV-4 isolates suggest potential genomic regions associated with virulence and amenable for manipulation and vector development. Direct manipulation of viral genomes is cumbersome, as opposed to that of infectious clones-viral genomes cloned into plasmid or cosmid vectors. In this work, we generated an infectious clone, pFAdV-4 ON1, containing the entire viral genome of a nonpathogenic FAdV-4 (ON1 isolate). pFAdV-4 ON1 was used for targeted deletion of open reading frames (ORFs) 16 and 17 and replacement with the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression cassette to generate recombinant viruses. These viruses were viable, and EGFP was expressed in infected cells. Their replication, however, was significantly reduced with respect to that of the wild-type virus. These observations suggest the potential utility of FAdV-4 as a vaccine vector and the importance of ORFs 16 and 17 for virus replication at wild-type levels. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an infectious clone based on the FAdV-4 genome, and our results demonstrate its utility for studies of virulence determinants and as a platform for either vaccine or gene delivery vectors.
BCL2 antagonist of cell death kinases, phosphatases, and ovarian cancer sensitivity to cisplatin (2012)

BAD pathway kinases and phosphatases, including CDK1 and PP2C, are associated with OVCA sensitivity to platinum and may represent therapeutic opportunities to enhance cytotoxic efficacy.
Alcohol synthesis from CO or CO.sub.2 (2023)

Methods for producing alcohols from CO or CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 utilizing a palladium-zinc on alumina catalyst are described. Methods of synthesizing alcohols over various catalysts in microchannels are also described. Ethanol, higher alcohols, and other C.sub.2+ oxygenates can produced utilizing Rh--Mn or a Fisher-Tropsch catalyst.
Variational analysis of GT‐Cut quartz crystal resonators with the supporting portions at the ends (1986)

Abstract It is well known that a GT cut quartz crystal resonator coupled between two extensional mode vibrations has a cubic curve in frequency‐temperature characteristics as well as an AT cut quartz crystal resonator. This paper studies frequency‐temperature characteristics and electrical characteristics of the GT cut quartz crystal resonator with the supporting portions at both ends of the vibrational portion. First, a secular equation is derived from a vibration analysis of the resonator consisting of the vibrational portion and the supporting portions, by applying the energy method. From this secular equation, a relationship of resonant frequency, frequency temperature coefficients vs. a cut angle, a dimensional ratio and a mass ratio for the GT cut quartz crystal resonator is clarified theoretically. At the same time, from comparison of the calculated values with the experimental values, it is confirmed that they agree very well. Next, electrical characteristics of the quartz crystal resonators manufactured for trial experiments are measured. As a result, it is confirmed that a GT cut quartz crystal resonator with excellent frequency temperature characteristics, low crystal impedance and a high quality factor is realized.
Video Decoder Embedded with Temporal LMMSE (2008)

Under noisy circumstance, the encoded video can be corrupted by noise and the decoded video may be very noisy. In this paper, a novel scheme is proposed for decoding noisy video bitstreams. First a temporal linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimator for video denoising is presented. Based on the analysis of hybrid video decoder, this temporal LMMSE denoising filtering is seamlessly embedded into hybrid video decoding process. The operations performed for denoising are very few, and the total complexity of the proposed scheme is very similar to that of a regular decoder. Experimental results show that compared to the standard decoder, with the proposed scheme, the subjective quality of the decoded video can be significantly improved.
Synthesis and Evaluation of α‐Methylidene‐γ‐butyrolactone bearing flavone and xanthone moieties (1997)

Abstract In a search for inhibitors of platelet aggregation, a number of α‐methylidene‐γ‐butyrolactones 5 and 6 bearing flavone or xanthone moieties, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplatelet activity against thrombin(Thr)‐, arachidonic‐acid(AA)‐, collagen(Col)−, and platelet‐activating‐factor(PAF)‐induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from 7‐hydroxyflavone ( 1 ) or 3‐hydroxyxanthone ( 2 ) via O ‐alkylation (→ 3 and 4 , resp.) and Reformatsky ‐type condensation ( Scheme ). Most of the flavone‐containing α‐methylidene‐γ‐butyrolactones 5a – d showed potent antiplatelet effects on AA‐ and Col‐induced aggregation, while xanthone derivatives 6c – e were found to have the same pharmacological profile than aspirin in which only AA‐induced aggregation was inhibited ( Table 1 ). However, 6c – e were approximately three to ten times more potent than aspirin ( Table 2 ). For the vasorelaxing effects, 5a was the only compound which exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the high‐K + medium, Ca 2+ ‐induced vasoconstriction ( Table3 ). Both 5a and 6a , with an aliphatic Me substituent at C(γ) of the lactone, were active against norepinephrine‐induced phasic and tonic constrictions while their γ‐aryl‐substituted counterparts 5b – f and 6b – f were inactive.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Diversity and Subtype Specification from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the projection neurons of the retina and transmit visual information to postsynaptic targets in the brain. While this function is shared among nearly all RGCs, this class of cell is remarkably diverse, comprised of multiple subtypes. Previous efforts have identified numerous RGC subtypes in animal models, but less attention has been paid to human RGCs. Thus, efforts of this study examined the diversity of RGCs differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and characterized defined subtypes through the expression of subtype-specific markers. Further investigation of these subtypes was achieved using single-cell transcriptomics, confirming the combinatorial expression of molecular markers associated with these subtypes, and also provided insight into more subtype-specific markers. Thus, the results of this study describe the derivation of RGC subtypes from hPSCs and will support the future exploration of phenotypic and functional diversity within human RGCs.
The Art of the Impossible: Sorting Dielectric Microspheres by using Light (2018)

Use of resonant light forces opens up a unique approach to high-volume sorting of microspherical resonators with 1/Q accuracy, where Q is the resonance quality factor. Based on a two-dimensional model, it is shown that the sorting can be realized by allowing spherical particles to traverse a focused beam. Under resonance with the whispering gallery modes (WGM), the particles acquire significant velocity along the laser beam which should allow sorting dielectric microspheres with almost identical positions of their WGM resonances. This is an enabling technology for developing super-low-loss coupled-cavity structures and devices.
The Design of Temporal Bone Type Implantable Microphone for Reduction of the Vibrational Noise due to Masticatory Movement (2012)

A microphone for fully implantable hearing device was generally implanted under the skin of the temporal bone. So, the implanted microphone's characteristics can be affected by the accompanying noise due to masticatory movement. In this paper, the implantable microphone with 2-channels structure was designed for reduction of the generated noise signal by masticatory movement. And an experimental model for generation of the noise by masticatory movement was developed with considering the characteristics of human temporal bone and skin. Using the model, the speech signal by a speaker and the artificial noise by a vibrator were supplied simultaneously into the experimental model, the electrical signals were measured at the proposed microphone. The collected signals were processed using a general adaptive filter with least mean square(LMS) algorithm. To confirm performance of the proposed methods, the correlation coefficient and the signal to noise ratio(SNR) before and after the signal processing were calculated. Finally, the results were compared each other.
FPGA-Based Analog Functional Measurements for Adaptive Control in Mixed-Signal Systems (2007)

A field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-based built-in self-test (BIST) approach that is used for adaptive control in mixed-signal systems is presented. It provides the capability to perform accurate analog functional measurements of critical parameters such as the third-order intercept point, frequency amplitude and phase responses, and noise figure. The results of these measurements can then be used to adaptively control the analog circuitry for calibration and compensation. The BIST circuitry consists of a direct digital synthesizer-based test pattern generator and a multiplier/accumulator-based output response analyzer. The BIST approach has been implemented in an FPGA-based mixed-signal system and used for actual analog functional measurements. The BIST measurements agree quite well with the results obtained with the traditional analog test equipment. The proposed BIST circuitry provides a unique means for high-performance adaptive control in mixed-signal systems.
Reference-free detection of minute, non-visible, damage using full-field, high-resolution mode shapes output-only identified from digital videos of structures (2017)

Detecting damage in structures based on the change in their dynamics or modal parameters (modal frequencies and mode shapes) has been extensively studied for three decades. The success of such a global, passive, vibration-based method in field applications, however, has long been hindered by the bottleneck of low spatial resolution vibration sensor measurements. The primary reason is that damage typically initiates and develops in local regions that need to be captured and characterized by very high spatial resolution vibration measurements and modal parameters (mode shapes), which are extremely difficult to obtain using traditional vibration measurement techniques. For example, accelerometers and strain-gauge sensors are typically placed at a limited number of discrete locations, providing low spatial resolution vibration measurements. Laser vibrometers provide high-resolution measurements, but are expensive and make sequential measurements that are time- and labor-consuming. Recently, digital video cameras—which are relatively low cost, agile, and able to provide high spatial resolution, simultaneous, pixel measurements—have emerged as a promising tool to achieve full-field, high spatial resolution vibration measurements. Combined with advanced vision processing and unsupervised machine algorithms, a new method has recently been developed to blindly and efficiently extract the full-field, high-resolution, dynamic parameters from the video measurements of an operating, output-only structure. This work studies the feasibility of performing damage detection using the full-field, very high spatial resolution mode shape (of the fundamental mode) blindly extracted from the video of the operating (output-only) structure without any knowledge of reference (healthy) structural information. A spatial fractal dimension analysis is applied on the full-field mode shape of the damaged structure to detect damage-induced irregularity. Additionally, the equivalence between the fractal dimension and the squared curvature (modal strain energy) of the mode shape curve, when of high spatial resolution, is mathematically derived. Laboratory experiments are conducted on bench-scale structures, including a building structure and a cantilever beam, to validate the approach. The results illustrate that using the full-field, very high-resolution mode shape enables detection of minute, non-visible, damage in a global, completely passive sensing manner, which was previously not possible to achieve.
Development of Genetic Dereplication Strains in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Results in the Discovery of Aspercryptin (2015)

Abstract To reduce the secondary metabolite background in Aspergillus nidulans and minimize the rediscovery of compounds and pathway intermediates, we created a “genetic dereplication” strain in which we deleted eight of the most highly expressed secondary metabolite gene clusters (more than 244,000 base pairs deleted in total). This strain allowed us to discover a novel compound that we designate aspercryptin and to propose a biosynthetic pathway for the compound. Interestingly, aspercryptin is formed from compounds produced by two separate gene clusters, one of which makes the well‐known product cichorine. This raises the exciting possibility that fungi use differential regulation of expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters to increase the diversity of metabolites they produce.
Quality of Colonoscopy Depends on the Quality of the Endoscopist: ACG /AstraZeneca Fellow Award (2011)

Purpose: Colonoscopy is an operator dependent procedure. We aimed to determine if colonoscopy quality is consistent among endoscopists at our institution. Methods: Anonymous capture of de-identified colonoscopy video files has been implemented in all our routine endoscopy rooms. Manual annotation of these video files is possible for percent of mucosa seen (0-100%), debris cleared (score 0-10), distension (score 0-10), and withdrawal time. A computer-based system allows matching of video files with individual endoscopists via use of de-identified keys, each representing a specific endoscopist. Two reviewers assessed a random selection of video files and selected 3 video files showing high, 2 showing medium, and 3 showing low quality inspection. Each video file represented a unique endoscopist. Three blinded reviewers then manually assessed an average of 20 complete colonoscopy video files per endoscopist (total 159 video files) to determine consistency of endoscopic quality. Using an overall assessment of quality obtained for each video file, endoscopists were classified as high (HQE; N=4) or low (LQE; N=4) quality endoscopists. Polyp detection rate (PDR) and percentage of morning procedures were extracted for each endoscopist from the endoscopy database using the endoscopist keys. Results: All endoscopists were followed for 15 to 30 months. The average (±SD) percent of mucosa seen as assessed by the 3 reviewers was 73.7(±11.2), the average cleaning score was 7.1(±1.3), and the average distension score was 6.9(±1.3). The average withdrawal time was 12:56 (min: sec; range 3:40 to 49:01). HQE scored higher for the amount of mucosa seen (p>0.0001), debris removal (p>0.0001), and distension (p>0.0001) when compared with LQE; the latter group showed a greater variability within scores. The withdrawal time was longer in the high vs. low quality group (p<0.001). Good correlation was seen between the variables of mucosa seen, debris cleared, and distension (r≥0.82 for all variables). Polyp detection rates during the study period ranged from 37 to 68% for high quality endoscopists and 27 to 36% for the low quality endoscopists. Percentage of morning procedures per endoscopist ranged from 60 to 85% for the HQE and 70 to 100% for LQE. Conclusion: (1) Manual video annotation reliably documents differences in quality among endoscopists over time. (2) High quality endoscopists inspect, clean, and distend the colon more consistently over time than low quality endoscopists. (3) High quality endoscopists have longer withdrawal times and higher polyp detection rates. (4) Greater variation in quality was seen in the lower quality endoscopists. (5) Morning or afternoon procedure times did not correlate with quality. Disclosure: Drs. de Groen, Wong, Tavanapong, Oh. Company: EndoMetric. Stockholders/Ownership Interest, Patent Holders. Drs. Wong, Tavanapong, Oh. Company: EndoMetric. Employees.
Characterization of Surface-Bound Zr(IV) and Its Application to Removal of As(V) and As(III) from Aqueous Systems Using Phosphonic Acid Modified Nanoporous Silica Polyamine Composites (2009)

Silica polyamine composites (SPC) made from silanized amorphous nanoporous silica gel and poly(allylamine) (BP-1) were functionalized with phosphorus acid using the Mannich reaction, resulting in a phosphonic acid modified composite (BPAP). Successful immobilization of the phosphonic acid ligand was confirmed by mass gain, elemental analysis, IR, and solid-state NMR. The modified composite had a ligand loading of 1.5 mmol/g, corresponding to N/P ratio of 0.73. Zirconium(IV) was immobilized on BPAP with a loading of 1.12 mmol/g. Zirconium loading was analyzed by mass gain, ICP/AES, and SEM/EDX. Arsenate anions strongly adsorbed on the ZrBPAP composite in the pH range 2−8, while arsenite only adsorbed well at pH 10. The sorption mechanism is a chelation between arsenate or arsenite and Zr(IV)−phosphonic acid complex of BPAP. Adsorption isotherm data were found to be well modeled by the Langmuir equation for As(V) at pH 4 with Kads = 0.016 L/g and Qm = 98 mg/g; and at pH 6 with Kads = 0.018 L/g and Qm = 56 mg/g. Regeneration of the resin was carried out successfully for As(V) and As(III) using 2M-H2SO4. Four adsorption/desorption cycles were performed for As(V) at pH 4 without significant decrease in the uptake performance. ZrBPAP capture capacity and kinetics for arsenate were tested for longevity over 1000 cycles with only a marginal loss of performance. This composite is highly selective for arsenate over sulfate (As/SO42− = 50/1) and selenate (As/Se = 20/1); lower selectivity was observed with Fe(III) and Th(IV) loaded BPAP. The significance of the observed selectivity is discussed in terms of the chemical properties of the anion and the nature of the interactions with the immobilized metal site.
VeriFlow (2012)

Networks are complex and prone to bugs. Existing tools that check configuration files and data-plane state operate offline at timescales of seconds to hours, and cannot detect or prevent bugs as they arise.