gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Onboard spin axis controller for a geostationary spin-stabilized satellite (1987)

Design and performance of an onboard system for precision control of the spin axis attitude of either spinor dual-spin-stabilized geostationary satellites is presented in this paper. The spin axis controller uses the output of a spinning Earth horizon sensor to derive onboard real-time estimates of the spin axis roll and yaw attitude errors and Earth sensor bias. The Earth sensor directly provides the spacecraft roll angle measurement, while the Earth orbit kinematic coupling is used to derive the spacecraft yaw angle of sensor bias information. Maneuver logic uses these attitude error data to implement a simple control scheme that spin synchronously pulse fires a single axial thruster, providing for complete roll and yaw control of the spacecraft attitude. The proposed system provides substantially increased spacecraft autonomy and significantly reduces operational loads and the costs of the ground control station. The system also provides high spin axis pointing accuracy in the presence of severe attitude precession rates. The spin axis controller system is currently being implemented on the Intelsat VI communication satellite.
Blk, a BH3-containing Mouse Protein That Interacts with Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, Is a Potent Death Agonist (1998)

We identified and cloned a novel murine member of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family. This protein, designated Blk, is structurally and functionally related to human Bik and localized to the mitochondrial membrane. Blk contains a conserved BH3 domain and can interact with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Ectopic expression of Blk in mammalian cells induces apoptosis, which can be inhibited by mutations in the BH3 domain and by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL but not by CrmA. The apoptotic activity of Blk is also inhibited by a dominant negative caspase-9, suggesting that Blk induces apoptosis through activation of the cytochrome c-Apaf-1-caspase-9 pathway.
Mechanically bistable liquid-crystal display structures (1980)

This paper discusses two types of mechanically bistable liquid-crystal display structures, a previously reported type [2], [3] called vertical-horizontal, and a second type, called horizontal-horizontal. In both of them, the director configuration is planar. They are distinguished by the orientation of the director plane, which is perpendicular to the major surfaces of the device in the type called vertical-horizontal, and parallel in the type called horizontal-horizontal. In both types, the bistable states may be differentiated optically by use of a polarizer and dichroic dye, and switching is accomplished electrically by exploiting the dielectric anisotropy of the ordered liquid crystal states. We show calculations of the director configurations, their energy, and optical contrast of the bistable states. The bistable states are topologically distinct, so that the switching transitions are necessarily discontinuous in character. The movement of disclinations governs the switching process, and their detachment forms the basis of stability.
A Complex Permittivity Extraction Method Based on Anomalous Dispersion (2016)

A novel method to extract dielectric material parameters from the anomalous phase response is theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. A microstrip resonance circuit that operates in the anomalous dispersion spectrum is constructed by employing the material sample as the substrate. This topology results in a strongly dispersive transmission phase having a slope opposite to the case in normal dispersion. This unique phase reversal property facilitates the detection of the resonance frequency with higher accuracy. Furthermore, since the transmission phase and magnitude in the anomalous dispersive region are related through Kramers-Kronig-like equations, one phase measurement is sufficient to completely characterize a dielectric material. Five known dielectric samples are characterized and the extracted parameters are compared with the known parameters. The extracted dielectric constants are found to be within a 10% error range. The extracted resonant parameters are utilized in reconstructing the magnitude and phase spectra in off-resonance regions. The reconstructed and measured curves bear close resemblance.
Shell-type micromechanical actuator and resonator (2003)

Dome-shaped radio-frequency micromechanical resonators were fabricated by utilizing the buckling of a prestressed thin polysilicon film. The enhanced rigidity of the dome structure leads to a significant increase of its resonant frequency compared to a flat plate resonator. The shell-type geometry of the structure also provides an imbedded actuation mechanism. Significant out-of plane deflections are actuated by mechanical stress introduced within the plane of the shell. We demonstrate that thermomechanical stress generated by a focused laser beam, or microfabricated resistive heater, provides an effective and fast mechanism to operate the dome as an acoustic resonator in the radio-frequency range. All-optical operation of the shell resonator and an integrated approach are discussed.
Optimization of Liver Decellularization Maintains Extracellular Matrix Micro-Architecture and Composition Predisposing to Effective Cell Seeding (2016)

Hepatic tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds is a potential therapeutic alternative to conventional transplantation. However, scaffolds are usually obtained using decellularization protocols that destroy the extracellular matrix (ECM) and hamper clinical translation. We aim to develop a decellularization technique that reliably maintains hepatic microarchitecture and ECM components. Isolated rat livers were decellularized by detergent-enzymatic technique with (EDTA-DET) or without EDTA (DET). Histology, DNA quantification and proteomics confirmed decellularization with further DNA reduction with the addition of EDTA. Quantification, histology, immunostaining, and proteomics demonstrated preservation of extracellular matrix components in both scaffolds with a higher amount of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the EDTA-DET scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase contrast imaging showed microarchitecture preservation, with EDTA-DET scaffolds more tightly packed. DET scaffold seeding with a hepatocellular cell line demonstrated complete repopulation in 14 days, with cells proliferating at that time. Decellularization using DET preserves microarchitecture and extracellular matrix components whilst allowing for cell growth for up to 14 days. Addition of EDTA creates a denser, more compact matrix. Transplantation of the scaffolds and scaling up of the methodology are the next steps for successful hepatic tissue engineering.
<sup>18</sup>F-FNDP for PET Imaging of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (2016)

<sup>18</sup>F-FNDP can be synthesized in suitable radiochemical yield and high specific radioactivity and purity. In vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that <sup>18</sup>F-FNDP targeted sEH in murine and nonhuman primate brain specifically. <sup>18</sup>F-FNDP is a promising PET radiotracer likely to be useful for understanding the role of sEH in a variety of conditions affecting the central nervous system.
Transfer insensitive labeling technique (TILT): Application to multislice functional perfusion imaging (1999)

Cerebral blood flow can be studied in a multislice mode with a recently proposed perfusion sequence using inversion of water spins as an endogenous tracer without magnetization transfer artifacts. The magnetization transfer insensitive labeling technique (TILT) has been used for mapping blood flow changes at a microvascular level under motor activation in a multislice mode. In TILT, perfusion mapping is achieved by subtraction of a perfusion-sensitized image from a control image. Perfusion weighting is accomplished by proximal blood labeling using two 90 degrees radiofrequency excitation pulses. For control preparation the labeling pulses are modified such that they have no net effect on blood water magnetization. The percentage of blood flow change, as well as its spatial extent, has been studied in single and multislice modes with varying delays between labeling and imaging. The average perfusion signal change due to activation was 36.9 +/- 9.1% in the single-slice experiments and 38.1 +/- 7.9% in the multislice experiments. The volume of activated brain areas amounted to 1.51 +/- 0.95 cm3 in the contralateral primary motor (M1) area, 0.90 +/- 0.72 cc in the ipsilateral M1 area, 1.27 +/- 0.39 cm3 in the contralateral and 1.42 +/- 0.75 cm3 in the ipsilateral premotor areas, and 0.71 +/- 0.19 cm3 in the supplementary motor area.
Alignment-Free Wireless Charging of Smart Garments with Embroidered Coils (2021)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have been adopted by many products. The capability of charging multiple devices and the design flexibility of charging coils make WPT a good solution for charging smart garments. The use of an embroidered receiver (RX) coil makes the smart garment more breathable and comfortable than using a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). In order to charge smart garments as part of normal daily routines, two types of wireless-charging systems operating at 400 kHz have been designed. The one-to-one hanger system is desired to have a constant charging current despite misalignment so that users do not need to pay much attention when they hang the garment. For the one-to-multiple-drawer system, the power delivery ability must not change with multiple garments. Additionally, the system should be able to charge folded garments in most of the folding scenarios. This paper analyses the two WPT systems for charging smart garments and provides design approaches to meet the abovementioned goals. The wireless-charging hanger is able to charge a smart garment over a coupling variance kmaxkmin=2 with only 21% charging current variation. The wireless-charging drawer is able to charge a smart garment with at least 20 mA under most folding scenarios and three garments with stable power delivery ability.
M-CSF: a novel plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell poietin (2007)

The critical importance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in viral infection, autoimmunity, and tolerance has focused major attention on these cells that are rare in blood and immune organs of humans and mice. The recent development of an Flt-3 ligand (FL) culture system of bone marrow cells has led to the simple generation of large numbers of pDCs that resemble their in vivo steady-state counterparts. The FL system has allowed unforeseen insight into the biology of pDCs, and it is assumed that FL is the crucial growth factor for these cells. Surprisingly we have found that a cell type with high capacity for interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production in response to CpG-containing oligonucleotides, a feature of pDCs, develop within macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-generated bone marrow cultures. Analysis of this phenomenon revealed that M-CSF is able to drive pDCs as well as conventional DCs (cDCs) from BM precursor cells in vitro. Furthermore, application of M-CSF to mice was able to drive pDCs and cDCs development in vivo. It is noteworthy that using mice deficient in FL indicated that the M-CSF-driven generation of pDCs and cDCs in vitro and in vivo was independent of endogenous FL.
Some aspects of the thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched diamond single crystals (1992)

New data on the thermal-conductivity temperature dependence k(T) of both natural abundance and isotopically enriched synthetic diamond gems are presented. The existing data on the thermal-conductivity temperature dependence k(T) of natural type-IIa diamond have been reanalyzed using a comprehensive Klemens-Callaway model. The high thermal conductivity of isotopically pure diamond is shown to be consistent with the model.
Continuous Variable Transmission With an Inertia-Regulating System (2010)

This article describes a power transmission system applicable to vehicles. It consists of an oscillating, ratcheting-type, continuously variable transmission (CVT) system governed by an inertia mechanism. The inertia-regulating mechanism adds an additional degree of freedom and gives the system a dynamic character. The transmission consists of three different subsystems. The first of these converts the rotation of the engine or motor into an oscillating angular velocity movement and regulates the amplitude of this movement. The oscillating rotation from the first subsystem is used to drive a second subsystem, which acts as a regulating device by means of an inertial mechanism. The oscillating movement at the output of the second subsystem is rectified in the third, resulting in a unidirectional angular velocity. As a result, a unidirectional torque is generated at the output of the CVT, commensurate with the operating condition of the transmission, and this is capable of overcoming a torque resistance. A prototype of this transmission was built and tested to check the experimental results against those predicted by a series of computational simulations. As a result, the experimental graphs that characterize the operation of this type of transmission system were obtained, demonstrating its ability to function in an efficient manner.
Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) Overview (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Organic Semiconductor Overview OTFT Operation and Characteristics OTFT Device Architecture OTFT Device Material Selection Summary References
Structure and Some Properties of the New Nucleotides (Adenosine Pentaphosphate, Guanosine Tetraphosphate and Inosine Pentaphosphate) Synthesized by Nucleotide Pyrophosphotransferase (1975)

ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase transfers two phosphates of ATP to adenine nucleotide, guanine nucleotide and hypoxanthine nucleotide and produces a new nucleotide with two additional phosphates. For example, adenosine pentaphosphate, A5P, (guanosine tetraphosphate, G4P) was synthesized from ATP (GDP) by this enzyme. Chemical properties, enzymatic hydrolysis and NMR spectroscopic analysis of the new nucleotides were studied. As a result of these examinations, the conclusion was reached that A5P and G4P are adenosine-5′-triphosphate-3′-diphosphate and guanosine-5′-diphosphate-3′-diphosphate, respectively. For all new nucleotides synthesized by this enzyme, it can be reasonably assumed that pyrophosphate was transferred to the position of 3′ as in the case of A5P and G4P.
Process For The Production Of .delta.5-unsaturated Fatty Acids In Transgenic Organisms (Patent CA 2567132 A1) (2007)

A process for the production of .DELTA.5-unsaturated fatty acids in transgen ic organisms comprises transforming an organism with nucleic acid encoding a .DELTA.5- desaturase.
Flexible Heating Head (1994)

United States Air Force is investigating method of repairing aircraft by use of adhesive bonding with induction heating to cure adhesive. Fast-acting and reliable induction heating device that is lightweight, portable, and easy to use needed for such applications. Newly developed flexible heating head lightweight and conforms to complex, curved surfaces. Incorporates principles and circuitry of toroid joining gun described in Toroid Joining Gun for Fittings and Couplings (LAR-14278). Concentrates heat in local area through induction heating. Flexible heating head contains tank circuit, connected via cable to source of power.
Theory of interfacial tensions in multicomponent systems (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of interfacial tensions in multicomponent systemsPaul D. Fleming III, James E. Vinatieri, and Gilbert R. GlinsmannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 12, 1526–1531Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100449a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100449a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-19-deficient fibroblasts display a profibrotic phenotype (2015)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by aberrant activation of epithelial cells that induce the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. The resulting distinctive fibroblastic/myofibroblastic foci are responsible for the excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and abnormal lung remodeling. We have recently found that matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP-19)-deficient (Mmp19-/-) mice develop an exaggerated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, but the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of MMP-19 deficiency on fibroblast gene expression and cell behavior. Microarray analysis of Mmp19-/- lung fibroblasts revealed the dysregulation of several profibrotic pathways, including ECM formation, migration, proliferation, and autophagy. Functional studies confirmed these findings. Compared with wild-type mice, Mmp19-/- lung fibroblasts showed increased α1 (I) collagen gene and collagen protein production at baseline and after transforming growth factor-β treatment and increased smooth muscle-α actin expression (P < 0.05). Likewise, Mmp19-deficient lung fibroblasts showed a significant increase in proliferation (P < 0.01) and in transmigration and locomotion over Boyden chambers coated with type I collagen or with Matrigel (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that, in lung fibroblasts, MMP-19 has strong regulatory effects on the synthesis of key ECM components, on fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, and in migration and proliferation.
Adaptive grid-based document layout (2003)

Grid-based page designs are ubiquitous in commercially printed publications, such as newspapers and magazines. Yet, to date, no one has invented a good way to easily and automatically adapt such designs to arbitrarily-sized electronic displays. The difficulty of generalizing grid-based designs explains the generally inferior nature of on-screen layouts when compared to their printed counterparts, and is arguably one of the greatest remaining impediments to creating on-line reading experiences that rival those of ink on paper. In this work, we present a new approach to adaptive grid-based document layout, which attempts to bridge this gap. In our approach, an adaptive layout style is encoded as a set of grid-based templates that know how to adapt to a range of page sizes and other viewing conditions. These templates include various types of layout elements (such as text, figures, etc.) and define, through constraint-based relationships, just how these elements are to be laid out together as a function of both the properties of the content itself, such as a figure's size and aspect ratio, and the properties of the viewing conditions under which the content is being displayed. We describe an XML-based representation for our templates and content, which maintains a clean separation between the two. We also describe the various parts of our research prototype system: a layout engine for formatting the page; a paginator for determining a globally optimal allocation of content amongst the pages, as well as an optimal pairing of templates with content; and a graphical user interface for interactively creating adaptive templates. We also provide numerous examples demonstrating the capabilities of this prototype, including this paper, itself, which has been laid out with our system.
COHRA: hardware-software co-synthesis of hierarchical distributed embedded system architectures (2002)

Hardware-software co-synthesis of an embedded system architecture entails partitioning of its specification into hardware and software modules such that its real-time and other constraints are met. Embedded systems are generally specified in terms of a set of acyclic task graphs. For medium-to-large scale embedded systems, the task graphs are usually hierarchical in nature. The embedded system architecture, which is the output of the co-synthesis system, may itself be non-hierarchical or hierarchical. Traditional non-hierarchical architectures create communication and processing bottlenecks, and are impractical for large embedded systems. Such systems require a large number of processing elements and communication links connected in a hierarchical manner, thus forming a hierarchical distributed architecture, to meet performance and cost objectives. In this paper, we address the problem of hardware-software co-synthesis of hierarchical distributed embedded system architectures from hierarchical or non-hierarchical task graphs. We show how our co-synthesis algorithm can be easily extended to consider fault tolerance or low power objectives or both. Although hierarchical architectures have been proposed before, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the notion of hierarchical task graphs and hierarchical architectures has been supported in a co-synthesis algorithm.
Construction of Protograph LDPC Codes with Linear Minimum Distance (2006)

A construction method for protograph-based LDPC codes that simultaneously achieve low iterative decoding threshold and linear minimum distance is proposed. We start with a high-rate protograph LDPC code with variable node degrees of at least 3. Lower rate codes are obtained by splitting check nodes and connecting them by degree-2 nodes. This guarantees the linear minimum distance property for the lower-rate codes. Excluding checks connected to degree-1 nodes, we show that the number of degree-2 nodes should be at most one less than the number of checks for the protograph LDPC code to have linear minimum distance. Iterative decoding thresholds are obtained by using the reciprocal channel approximation. Thresholds are lowered by using either precoding or at least one very high-degree node in the base protograph. A family of high- to low-rate codes with minimum distance linearly increasing in block size and with capacity-approaching performance thresholds is presented. FPGA simulation results for a few example codes show that the proposed codes perform as predicted
SYNTHESIS OF CHIMERIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING INTERNUCLEOSIDIC PHOSPHODIESTER AND<i>S</i>–PIVALOYLTHIOETHYL PHOSPHOTRIESTER RESIDUES (2001)

Novel oligonucleotide analogs that bear phosphodiester and bioreversible S-pivaloyl 2-mercaptoethyl (SPME) phosphate triester internucleosidic linkages are described. Their synthesis employs a novel methodology of oligonucleotide deprotection under mild, non-aqueous conditions.