gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloroquinoline–acetamide hybrids: a promising series of potential antiprotozoal agents (2015)

In an endeavour to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents chloroquinoline–acetamide hybrids were synthesized and screened <italic>in vitro</italic> against <italic>E. histolytica</italic> and <italic>P. falciparum</italic> and molecular docking studies were performed against PfDHFR.
Role of the short isoform of the progesterone receptor in breast cancer cell invasiveness at estrogen and progesterone levels in the pre- and post-menopausal ranges (2015)

Overexpression of the progesterone receptor (PR) isoform A (PR-A) is a negative prognosticator for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer but in vitro studies have implicated PR-B in progestin-induced invasiveness. As estrogen is known to suppress invasiveness and tumor progression and as the in vitro studies were conducted in models that either lacked ER or excluded estrogen, we examined the role of PR isoforms in the context of estrogen signaling. Estrogen (< 0.01nM) strongly suppressed invasiveness in various ER+ model cell lines. At low (< 1nM) concentrations, progestins completely abrogated inhibition of invasiveness by estrogen. It was only in a higher (5 nM - 50 nM) concentration range that progestins induced invasiveness in the absence of estrogen. The ability of low dose progestins to rescue invasiveness from estrogen regulation was exclusively mediated by PR-A, whereas PR-B mediated the estrogen-independent component of progestin-induced invasiveness. Overexpression of PR-A lowered the progestin concentration needed to completely rescue invasiveness. Among estrogen-regulated genes, progestin/PR-A counter-regulated a distinctive subset, including breast tumor progression genes (e.g., HES1, PRKCH, ELF5, TM4SF1), leading to invasiveness. In this manner, at relatively low hormone concentrations (corresponding to follicular stage and post-menopausal breast tissue or plasma levels), progesterone influences breast cancer cell invasiveness by rescuing it from estrogen regulation via PR-A, whereas at higher concentrations the hormone also induces invasiveness independent of estrogen signaling, through PR-B. The findings point to a direct functional link between PR-A and progression of luminal breast cancer in the context of the entire range of pre- and post-menopausal plasma and breast tissue hormone levels.
Treatment of addiction to ethanol and addictive-related behavior (2023)

The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating alcohol addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from alcohol addiction. The method includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention includes administering to the mammal an effective amount of a composition which increase central nervous system GABA levels wherein the effective amount is sufficient to diminish, inhibit or eliminate behavior associated with craving or use of alcohol.
Microstructure and critical current density of zone melt textured YBa2Cu3O6+<i>x</i> (1990)

Zone melting has been used to produce texture in extruded YBa2Cu3O6+x wires. Highly aligned microstructures are produced with a-b planes oriented along the axis of the wires. Microstructural observations show that changes in alignment orientation can occur, and can result in the inability to carry a transport current. Pulsed transport Jc measurements on oriented samples indicate a zero field critical current density greater than 4×104 A/cm2.
Modal tomography of aberrations of the human eye (2006)

The work is devoted to the research and development of a new method of modal phase tomography for diagnostics of aberrations of the human eye. Implementation of the method is based on a series of eye aberration measurements taken at different angles to the optical axis by means of a wave-front sensor. The technique of restoration permits the contributions of different elements of the eye to the total aberrations to be separated. The results of numerical research and a model experiment are presented.
Modelling and simulation of integral decoupling capacitors in single and multichip module electronics packaging (2002)

In high-end packaging structures, switching currents of short pulse width and high clock rate generate significant Delta-I noise which can cause malfunctions of IC circuits. The trend of increasing packing density makes the integral decoupling capacitor preferable than the conventional discrete capacitor. Although integral decoupling capacitors have been proposed and already used in some packaging structures, their electrical performance has not been accurately modeled. This paper presents an efficient and accurate numerical technique for the simulation of Delta-I noise in multi-layer power and ground plane packaging structures containing integral decoupling capacitors. Various factors that determine the effectiveness of integral decoupling capacitors, such as their geometries and locations in packaging structures, are also studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network convergence and the NAT/Firewall problems (2003)

Voice over IP technology is fueling the rapid growth on network convergence and we are seeing the successful deployment of converged networks within enterprises. However, most enterprises today sit behind firewalls and also use private IP addressing behind NATs (network address translators). These NATs and firewalls cause significant problems for multimedia over IP to work and function properly. There are presently two standards for VoIP signaling: H.323 (from ITU-T) and SIP (session initiation protocol from IETF). In this paper we present the details of the problems and issues associated with NATs/firewalls and then survey some ways to solve this problem for SIP. There is no single best solution yet. However, this paper discusses how such a simple and elegant solution can be built. This problem remains a significant obstacle for the successful adoption of convergence as security has become even more important to enterprises than adoption of emerging technologies.
Semiquantification of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine ligand [11C]PK11195 in normal human brain and application in multiple sclerosis patients. (2002)

The current investigations show that normal brain uptake of [11C]PK11195 is very low and shows the feasibility of a semiquantitative method which can be applied to larger cohorts of patients subgroups.
High‐efficiency switchable optical elements for advanced head‐up displays (2019)

Abstract The Pancharatnam‐Berry optical elements (PBOEs) are utilized to enhance the performance of head‐up displays (HUDs). The Pancharatnam‐Berry lenses (PBLs) provide varifocal functionality and compensate chromatic aberrations, while the Pancharatnam‐Berry deflectors (PBDs) can function as optical combiners and waveguide couplers. Moreover, the Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) based on the scattering matrix is developed and applied in the structure optimization of PBOEs for HUD applications.
Optical digital processor using arrays of symmetric self-electrooptic effect devices (1991)

Four arrays of thirty-two GaAs symmetric self-electrooptic effect devices were optically interconnected to form a looped-pipeline optical digital processor. Several circuits were demonstrated, including two shift registers and a decoder circuit. Clock frequencies of up to 1 MHz were attained. Possible extensions to and limitations of this system are described.
Long-term Care Hospitals and Changing Elderly Care in South Korea (2021)

Until recently in South Korea, the central dilemma facing children with ageing parents was how and by whom their parents should be cared for. In accordance with the norm of filial piety, the eldest son used to take responsibility. However, with the recent proliferation of long-term care hospitals, this arrangement is changing. These institutions, which play the combined role of rehabilitative hospital, long-term care centre, and nursing home, admit elderly people who do not require active medical intervention. The government’s promotion of these hospitals, centred on deregulation, ambiguity around their function, and the lack of alternative care facilities, has led to an expansion of the sector and consequently to the ‘nursing hom(e)fication’ of many of these institutions. While these hospitals ease the pressures associated with an ageing population, their mainstreaming has had an impact on healthcare, medicine, and the lives of elderly people. The hospital field has become commercialised, medical practice is being transformed, and the dignity of elderly people is being lost through hospitalisation. In this new care regime, filial piety itself is undergoing transformation—from an ideology underpinning the domestication of care, to the market idiom of service compliance. In this article, I introduce these hospitals and investigate how their growth has brought about a Korean style of elderly care commodification, revealing the undercurrents of healthcare privatisation and the neoliberalisation of welfare.
A nonlinear optimal control approach for PM Linear Synchronous Motors (2018)

Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors are of wide use in industry in applications where actuation through rotational motors and a gears-based transmission system can be costly and prone to failures. In this article, a nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control method is proposed for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSM). The dynamic model of the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor undergoes approximate linearization around a temporary operating point (equilibrium) which is recomputed at each iteration of the control method. The linearization procedure is based on first-order Taylor-series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the motor’s model. For the approximately linearized model of the motor an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. This controller stands for the solution of the motor’s optimal control problem under model uncertainty and external disturbances. The computation of the controller’s feedback gain requires the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation, which is performed again at each time-step of the control algorithm. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven trough Lyapunov analysis. First, it is confirmed that the controller satisfies the H-infinity tracking performance criterion which ascertains its robustness. Moreover, it is proven that the control loop is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, to implement sensorless control of the motor the H-infinity Kalman Filter is used as a robust state estimator.
Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review (2016)

Introduction Collagen hydrolysate is recognized as a safe nutraceutical, whose combination of amino acids stimulates the synthesis of collagen in the extracellular matrix of cartilage and other tissues. Objective to conduct a systematic review of literature on the action of collagen hydrolysate in bone and cartilaginous tissue and its therapeutic use against osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Method a study of the PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases was performed. Articles published in English and Portuguese in the period of 1994 to 2014 were considered. Results: the sample comprised nine experimental articles with in vivo (animals and humans) and in vitro (human cells) models, which found that the use of different doses of collagen hydrolysate were associated with the maintenance of bone composition and strength, and the proliferation and cell growth of cartilage. Conclusion hydrolyzed collagen has a positive therapeutic effect on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis with a potential increase in bone mineral density, a protective effect on articular cartilage, and especially in the symptomatic relief of pain.
Increased gene expression of chemokine receptors is correlated with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2005)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a major complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is initiated by infiltrating donor T cells specific against the host antigens. Because T-cell migration is largely controlled by the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, we investigated the relation of acute GVHD and chemokine receptor expression in peripheral blood in 50 patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The gene expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3 was monitored by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among the 36 patients diagnosed with acute GVHD, 10 developed a second episode of acute GVHD. Therefore, gene-expression levels could be analyzed in 46 occasions of acute GVHD. When all 4 markers were evaluated at the same time, increased gene-expression levels of at least 1 of the 4 markers were seen in 44 of 46 episodes of acute GVHD. The median increase of the 4 markers ranged from 3x to 12x in connection with acute GVHD. It is interesting to note that we saw increasing gene-expression levels a few days before acute GVHD was diagnosed clinically at 17, 15, 22, and 19 occasions for CCR5, CXCR3, CCR1, and CCR2, respectively. The median number of days before diagnosis ranged from 3 to 5. Although they are not specific for acute GVHD, quantitative monitoring of the gene expression of chemokine receptors may be a valuable molecular method to monitor and diagnose acute GVHD.
Atomic-Scale Structure of Nanocrystalline Ba<i><sub>x</sub></i>Sr<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>TiO<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 1, 0.5, 0) by X-ray Diffraction and the Atomic Pair Distribution Function Technique (2006)

The atomic-scale structure of nanocrystalline BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x = 1, 0.5, 0) powders has been studied using high-energy X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, and the atomic pair distribution function technique. The studies show that the materials are well-ordered at nanometer length distances. The three-dimensional atomic ordering in Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 and SrTiO3 nanopowders may well be described by a cubic structure of the perovskite type, similar to that occurring in the corresponding bulk crystals. The three-dimensional atomic ordering in BaTiO3 is more complex. It is cubic-like on average, but locally shows slight distortions of a tetragonal-type. The new structural information helps one to understand better the dielectric properties of these nanomaterials.
Pattern Dissemination in the Prehistoric Southwest and Mesoamerica: A Comparison of Hohokam Decorative Patterns with Patterns from the Upper Gila Area and from the Valley of Oaxaca. Bert Zaslow. Anthropological Research Papers, Number 25, Arizona State University, Tempe, 1981. vii + 57 pp., figures, biblio. $4.00 (paper). (1982)

Pattern Dissemination in the Prehistoric Southwest and Mesoamerica: A Comparison of Hohokam Decorative Patterns with Patterns from the Upper Gila Area and from the Valley of Oaxaca. Bert Zaslow. Anthropological Research Papers, Number 25, Arizona State University, Tempe, 1981. vii + 57 pp., figures, biblio. $4.00 (paper). - Volume 47 Issue 3
Localization and possible role of two different alpha v beta 3 integrin conformations in resting and resorbing osteoclasts (2002)

Integrins are membrane receptors that mediate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. We recently showed that the osteoclast integrin alpha(v)beta(3) exists in two different conformations, so-called 'basal' and 'activated', with each exhibiting a distinct function. In this study we demonstrate that, in non-resorbing osteoclasts, the 'activated' form of alpha(v)beta(3) accumulates in the motile areas of the plasma membrane. During bone resorption this conformation is prevalent in the ruffled membrane, whereas the 'basal' form of alpha(v)beta(3) is also present in the sealing zone. Moreover, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), two molecules involved in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast survival, modulate alpha(v)beta(3) conformation in vitro. Preincubation with HGF or M-CSF induces a shift of conformation of alpha(v)beta(3) in primary human osteoclasts (OCs) and in the osteoclast-like cell line (GCT 23). Activated integrin promotes osteoclast migration to the alpha(v)beta(3) ligand osteopontin and enhances bone resorption. Thus, HGF and M-CSF modulate the alpha(v)beta(3) conformational states required for osteoclast polarization and resorption. The capacity of growth factors to alter the affinity of alpha(v)beta(3) toward its ligands offers a potential explanation for the diverse responses of osteoclasts to the same ligand.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Hypervalent Siloxane Derivatives:  An Alternative to Stille and Suzuki Couplings (1999)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of phenyl, vinyl, and allyl siloxane derivatives proceeded in good to excellent yield with aryl iodides, electron-deficient aryl bromides, and allylic benzoates. Methyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl siloxane derivatives can be employed in the coupling reaction. Electron-donating and -withdrawing groups are tolerated on the aryl halide without affecting the coupling. The scope and limitations of this alternative to Stille and Suzuki couplings is outlined.
Monodisperse, Micron-Sized Reactive Low Molar Mass Polymer Microspheres by Two-Stage Living Radical Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene (2006)

Living/controlled radical dispersion polymerization of styrene was carried out in ethanol and in ethanol−water mixtures in the presence of perfluorohexyl iodide (C6F13I, 2−5 wt % based on styrene) as a degenerative chain transfer (DCT) agent or 1-cyano-1-methylpropyl dithiobenzoate (CMPDB, 0.5 and 1.0 mol % based on styrene) as a reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent. These reagents disrupt the nucleation stage of particle formation when present at the start of the reaction. If their addition is delayed until the nucleation stage is complete, the reaction acquires the characteristics of a living/controlled radical polymerization: Mn increases linearly with the monomer conversion, and the molar mass distribution is much narrower (minimal Mw/Mn: 1.2) than polystyrene prepared without C6F13I or CMPDB. For reactions in ethanol, at low molar mass, the particles formed have a broad size distribution as a consequence of the solubility of the polymer at the reaction temperature, followed by precipitation upon cooling. When the reactions were run in a more polar medium (95 wt % aqueous ethanol), the polymer molecules precipitated as they were formed and were absorbed by the existing particles in the solution. The particles formed had an average diameter in the range 1−3 μm with a very narrow size distribution (CV < 1%). The polymer chains in these particles are reactive and chain-extendible.
Allylation and Crotylation of Ketones and Aldehydes Using Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts under Lewis Acid and Montmorillonite K10 Catalyzed Conditions (2009)

Two convenient highly diastereoselective protocols for the allylation and crotylation of ketones using practical, air- and water-stable potassium allyl and crotyltrifluoroborate salts have been developed. BF(3).OEt(2) and montmorillonite clay are used as catalysts to promote additions. The montmorillonite-catalyzed method in particular is very robust, providing a straightforward and scalable method for the allylation and crotylation of a range of ketones and aldehydes.
Binding of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide to a Heme-regulated Phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli (2004)

The heme-regulated phosphodiesterase, Ec DOS, is a redox sensor that uses the heme in its PAS domain to regulate catalysis. The rate of O(2) association (k(on)) with full-length Ec DOS is extremely slow at 0.0019 microM(-1) s(-1), compared with >9.5 microM(-1) s(-1) for 6-coordinated globin-type hemoproteins, as determined by the stopped-flow method. This rate is dramatically increased (up to 16-fold) in the isolated heme-bound PAS domain. Dissociation constants (K(d)) calculated from the kinetic parameters are 340 and 20 microm for the full-length wild-type enzyme and its isolated PAS domain, respectively. Mutations at Met-95 in the isolated PAS domain, which may be a heme axial ligand in the Fe(II) complex, lead to a further increase in the k(on) value by more than 30-fold, and consequently, a decrease in the K(d) value to less than 1 microM. The k(on) value for CO binding to the full-length wild-type enzyme is also very low (0.00081 microM(-1) s(-1)). The kinetics of CO binding to the isolated PAS domain and its mutants are similar to those observed for O(2). However, the K(d) values for CO are considerably lower than those for O(2).
[The NS gene--a possible determinant of apathogenicity of a cold-adapted donor of attenuation A /Leningrad/134/47/57 and its reassortants]. (1995)

Phenotypical properties of single-gene reassortants of attenuated cold-adapted strain A/Leningrad/135/47/57 (H2N2) and strain A/PR8/34 virulent for laboratory animals were studied. Only the group of reassortants inheriting NS gene from cold-adapted virus was fully attenuated for various animals species, similarly as reassortants with 6/2 genomic formula containing all the 6 internal protein genes from strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57. Reassortant 25A-1 single-gene for NS was temperature-sensitive (ts) on mammalian cells but formed plaques at 40 degrees C on chicken kidney cells. Reassortants with genomic formula 6/2 were temperature-sensitive in all types of cells used. Reassortant 25A-1 could synthesize normal amounts of polypeptides in MDCK cells at 39 degrees C, whereas protein synthesis of reassortants with 6/2 genomic formula was noticeably reduced at this temperature. Hence, a similar level of attenuation of both reassortant groups appears to be due to various molecular mechanisms. Possible role of NS2 gene mutation in attenuation of strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57 and its reassortants is discussed.
Adaptive Monocular Visual–Inertial SLAM for Real-Time Augmented Reality Applications in Mobile Devices (2017)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is emerging as a prominent issue in computer vision and next-generation core technology for robots, autonomous navigation and augmented reality. In augmented reality applications, fast camera pose estimation and true scale are important. In this paper, we present an adaptive monocular visual-inertial SLAM method for real-time augmented reality applications in mobile devices. First, the SLAM system is implemented based on the visual-inertial odometry method that combines data from a mobile device camera and inertial measurement unit sensor. Second, we present an optical-flow-based fast visual odometry method for real-time camera pose estimation. Finally, an adaptive monocular visual-inertial SLAM is implemented by presenting an adaptive execution module that dynamically selects visual-inertial odometry or optical-flow-based fast visual odometry. Experimental results show that the average translation root-mean-square error of keyframe trajectory is approximately 0.0617 m with the EuRoC dataset. The average tracking time is reduced by 7.8%, 12.9%, and 18.8% when different level-set adaptive policies are applied. Moreover, we conducted experiments with real mobile device sensors, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of performance improvement using the proposed method.
Implementation of maternal blood cell‐free <scp>DNA</scp> testing in early screening for aneuploidies (2013)

Routine screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by cfDNA testing at 10 weeks is feasible and has a lower FPR than does combined testing, but abnormal results require confirmation by CVS.