gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Gibberellin-Like Substances in Somatic Embryos of Grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> × <i>Vitis rupestris</i>) in Relation to Embryogenesis and the Chilling Requirement for Subsequent Development of Mature Embryos (1983)

Endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances were examined in suspension cultures of somatic embryos of a hybrid grape (Vitis vinifera x Vitis rupestris) during embryogenesis, and in mature embryos chilled at 4 degrees C, and subsequently incubated at 26 degrees C with and without abscisic acid (ABA). The extract was separated into a nonpolar fraction (would contain GA-precursors); a fraction that would contain free GAs; and a highly H(2)O-soluble fraction (would contain GA glucosyl conjugates and very polar free GAs). Quantitation after SiO(2) partition chromatography was accomplished by microdrop and immersion dwarf rice bioassays. As embryogenesis developed, the free and highly H(2)O-soluble GA-like substances, expressed on a dry weight basis, decreased (however, they increased on a per embryo basis). Chilling at 4 degrees C for 1 week greatly increased activity of free GA-like substances (per g dry weight and per embryo), it then declined over the next three weeks of chilling. Activity (per g dry weight and per embryo) in the H(2)O-soluble fraction declined throughout chilling. Activity in the GA-precursor fraction, however, increased steadily with chilling (per g dry weight and per embryo). Incubation at 26 degrees C after chilling enhanced activity in the free GA and H(2)O-soluble fractions (per g dry weight and per embryo), but activity in the GA-precursor fraction dropped dramatically. Incubation at 26 degrees C with (+/-) ABA after chilling prevented germination and maintained high activity for GA precursors and less polar free GAs and low activity in the polar free GA and H(2)O-soluble fractions.Kaurene and kaurenoic acid were characterized in the GA-precursor fraction of chilled embryos by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). The existence of GA(4) and GA(9) in ABA-treated, chilled embryos was also confirmed by GLC-MS.
Principles and mechanisms of regeneration in the mouse model for wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis (2015)

Wound induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) describes a regenerative phenomenon in adult mammalian skin, wherein fully functional hair follicles regenerate <i>de novo</i> in the center of large excisional wounds. Originally described in rats, rabbits, sheep, and humans in 1940-60, the WIHN phenomenon was reinvestigated in mice only recently. The process of <i>de novo</i> hair regeneration largely duplicates the morphological and signaling features of normal embryonic hair development. Similar to hair development, WIHN critically depends on the activation of canonical WNT signaling. However, unlike hair development, WNT activation in WIHN is dependent on Fgf9 signaling generated by the immune system's gamma delta (γδ) T cells. The cellular bases of WIHN remain to be fully characterized, however, the available evidence leaves open the possibility for a blastema-like mechanism, wherein epidermal and/or dermal wound cells undergo epigenetic reprogramming toward a more plastic, embryonic-like state. <i>De novo</i> hair follicles do not regenerate from preexisting hair-fated bulge stem cells. This suggests that hair neogenesis is not driven by preexisting lineage-restricted progenitors, as is the case for amputation-induced mouse digit tip regeneration, but rather may require a blastema-like mechanism. The WIHN model is characterized by several intriguing features, which await further explanation. These include: (i) minimum wound size requirement for activating neogenesis, (ii) restriction of hair neogenesis to the wound's center, (iii) imperfect patterning outcomes, both in terms of neogenic hair positioning within the wound and in terms of their orientation. Future inquires into the WIHN process, made possible by a wide array of the available skin-specific genetic tools, will undoubtedly expand our understanding of the regeneration mechanisms in adult mammals.
A probabilistic fuzzy logic system for modeling and control (2005)

In this paper, a probabilistic fuzzy logic system (PFLS) is proposed for the modeling and control problems. Similar to the ordinary fuzzy logic system (FLS), the PFLS consists of the fuzzification, inference engine and defuzzification operation to process the fuzzy information. Different to the FLS, it uses the probabilistic modeling method to improve the stochastic modeling capability. By using a three-dimensional membership function (MF), the PFLS is able to handle the effect of random noise and stochastic uncertainties existing in the process. A unique defuzzification method is proposed to simplify the complex operation. Finally, the proposed PFLS is applied to a function approximation problem and a robotic system. It shows a better performance than an ordinary FLS in stochastic circumstance.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry of small oligonucleotides (2020)

We have carried out a preliminary evaluation of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of small oligonucleotides. In addition to the qualitative and quantitative potential suggested by the success of ESI of peptides and proteins, ESI tandem mass spectrometry may also be amenable of large oligonucleotides is usually performed by chemical degradation or by the chain termination technique. Smaller oligonucleotides have been analyzed by mass spectrometry with advantages in speed and simplicity of analysis. Tandem spectrometry has been effectively employed for the singly charged molecular anions of oligonucleotides to a polymerization level of n = 6/sup 4/. Fenn and co-workers have reported the ESI of nucleotide mono-, di- and triphosphates. A ESI mass spectrum of a deoxynucleotide 14-mer has also been recently reported.
Conventional immunosuppression and co-stimulation blockade (2001)

Organ transplantation has become an accepted and successful therapeutic intervention for many patients with end-stage organ disease. Current conventional immunosuppressive regimens achieve very good short-term allograft survival but long-term outcomes are less than adequate. Furthermore, non-specific immunosuppression has its attendant side-effects including increased risks of malignancy and infection as well as drug-specific sequellae. With recent advances in the field of immunology, promising new therapies have arisen that could potentially eliminate lifelong drug therapy and promote indefinite acceptance of the donor tissue. Identification of co-stimulatory signals essential for T-cell activation has provided exciting new possibilities for controlling the alloimmune response. The compatibility of these new agents with proven conventional therapeutics has yielded mixed results. When used in combination, their immunosuppressive properties appear synergistic. However, if the goal of therapy is sustained, specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness, many conventional agents antagonize the effects of co-stimulatory blockade in several immune tolerance models.
High Sensitive Orthogonal Fluxgate Magnetometer Using a Metglas Ribbon (2006)

In this paper, performance of an orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer with the use of a narrow Metglas 2714A ribbon is presented. The magnetometer operates in a fundamental mode. In this mode, a direct current bias is added to the alternating current excitation which increases a sensor's performance. Experimental results are shown for the U-shaped sensor head of 5 cm length constructed using a 1-mm-wide ribbon. Results are compared with the performance of the sensor head built using an amorphous wire of a similar cross section. High sensitivity as well as a good linearity of the input-output characteristic is observed. The electronic circuit for driving magnetometer is presented where direct current bias switching for reducing offset and drift is implemented to the circuit. Preliminary results of the sensor's performance driven by the circuit are presented
Structure and Function of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases (2010)

DNA methylation plays an important role in epigenetic signalling, having an impact on gene regulation, chromatin structure, development and disease. Here, we review the structures and functions of the mammalian DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, including their domain structures, catalytic mechanisms, localisation, regulation, post-translational modifications and interaction with chromatin and other proteins, summarising data obtained in genetic, cell biology and enzymatic studies. We focus on the question of how the molecular and enzymatic properties of these enzymes are connected to the dynamics of DNA methylation patterns and to the roles the enzymes play in the processes of de novo and maintenance DNA methylation. Recent enzymatic and genome-wide methylome data have led to a new model of genomic DNA methylation patterns based on the preservation of average levels of DNA methylation in certain regions, rather than the methylation states of individual CG sites.
Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Analysis for the Determination of RFL Morphology (1984)

Abstract From dynamic mechanical and DSC studies, we have concluded that resorcinolformaldehyde-latex (RFL) adhesive systems are two-phase materials. This is consistent with the limited electron microscopy work published on these polymers. However, while finer details of RFL morphology have never been resolved by electron microscopy, a comparison of the dynamic mechanical results with theoretical models provides evidence that the RFL has an interpenetrating network (IPN) morphology. The resorcinol-formaldehyde thermoset provides a continuous glassy network, while the butadienestyrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer latex forms a continuous rubbery phase at ordinary use temperatures. The mechanical properties of the IPN are dominated by the volume fraction, chemistry, and thermal history of the RF thermoset. The dynamic mechanical properties of films made from ammonia-containing RFL adhesives are particularly sensitive to thermal history. This is consistent with the long-accepted belief that ammonia forms thermally unstable benzylamine linkages in the RF network.
Active Domain Randomization (2019)

Domain randomization is a popular technique for improving domain transfer, often used in a zero-shot setting when the target domain is unknown or cannot easily be used for training. In this work, we empirically examine the effects of domain randomization on agent generalization. Our experiments show that domain randomization may lead to suboptimal, high-variance policies, which we attribute to the uniform sampling of environment parameters. We propose Active Domain Randomization, a novel algorithm that learns a parameter sampling strategy. Our method looks for the most informative environment variations within the given randomization ranges by leveraging the discrepancies of policy rollouts in randomized and reference environment instances. We find that training more frequently on these instances leads to better overall agent generalization. Our experiments across various physics-based simulated and real-robot tasks show that this enhancement leads to more robust, consistent policies.
Basic tools and concepts (2009)

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Taking Advantage of ATM Technology in the Local Area Networks (2005)

This paper briefly Introduces a generic wide area network architecture that most telecommunication carriers plan to implement based on the evolving ATM technology and related standards. The paper will illustrate that a similar architecture can be utilized to provide customer promises local area communication. The paper discusses examples of interfaces between Non-ATM equipment and the ATM network followed by examples of direct utilization of ATM technology. In the course of discussion, advantages of using ATM in the CPE will be pointed out. Although this written summary may not include details of performance and interface requirements, they will be discussed in the presentation during the conference.
Structural determinants of selective α-conotoxin binding to a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor homolog AChBP (2006)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototype member of the superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. How the extracellular ligand-binding domain coordinates selective binding of ligand molecules to different subtypes of the receptor is unknown at the structural level. Here, we present the 2.2-A crystal structure of a homolog of the ligand-binding domain of the nAChR, Aplysia californica AChBP (Ac-AChBP), in complex with alpha-conotoxin ImI. This conotoxin is unique in its selectivity toward the neuronal alpha3beta2 and alpha7 nAChR, a feature that is reflected in its selective binding to Ac-AChBP compared with other AChBP homologs. We observe a network of interactions between the residues of the ligand-binding site and the toxin, in which ImI Arg-7 and Trp-10 play a key role. The toxin also forms interactions in the ligand-binding site that were not seen in the complex of Ac-AChBP with PnIA(A10L D14K), a conotoxin variant that lacks binding selectivity to AChBP homologs. In combination with electrophysiological recordings obtained by using the wild-type alpha7 nAChR and L247T mutant, we show that conotoxin ImI inhibits ion conduction by stabilizing the receptor in a desensitized conformation. Comparison of the Ac-AChBP-ImI crystal structure with existing AChBP structures offers structural insight into the extent of flexibility of the interface loops and how their movement may couple ligand binding to channel gating in the context of a nAChR.
New collision detection technique and its performance (1984)

A highly sensitive collision detection technique that can recognise collision of optical signals with an 8 dB optical power difference is described. The maximum bit time needed to determine such a collision is calculated to be 700 bits for an 8 dB difference. This value has been verified experimentally in a passive optical star system with 100 stations.
Antibody responses to survivin and their clinical significance in patients with head and neck cancer (2007)

These findings suggest that survivin may act as a major cancer antigen in head and neck cancer. Anti-survivin antibody responses may be a valuable marker in patients with head and neck cancer.
A monocular video see-through head mounted display for interactive support system &#x2014; Instruction of 3-dimensional position, posture and speed (2009)

We are advancing to research an interactive support technology that assists a worker to do a task by presenting the working procedure with image capture display device. It is expected that an unskilled worker can do various tasks using this technology. We work on applying this technology to the plate bending by line heating. In order to realize it, we have developed an image capture display device, which consists of a monocular head mounted display and a camera as a human interface. In this paper, the interactive support technology and plate bending by line heating as an industrial application are explained. A method of instructing 3-dimensional position, posture and speed of burner by monocular video see-through head mounted display is described and the evaluation experiments are reported.
Molecular Characterisation of Formamidase from <i>Methylophilus methylotrophus</i> (1996)

A 3.2-kbp PstI fragment of DNA encoding formamidase from the methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus which had previously been cloned (pNW3) [Wyborn, N.R., Scherr, D.J. & Jones, C.W. (1994) Microbiology 140, 191-195], was subcloned as a 2.3 kbp HindIII fragment (pNW323). Nucleotide sequencing showed that the subclone contained two genes which encoded formamidase (fmdA) and a possible regulatory protein (fmdB). Predicted molecular masses for FmdA and FmdB were 44438 Da (compared with approximately 44500 Da by electrospray mass spectrometry and 51000 Da by SDS/PAGE of the purified enzyme) and 12306 Da, respectively. The derived amino acid sequence of formamidase was supported by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the enzyme and of proteolytic fragments prepared from it using V8 endoproteinase and was 57% similar to that of the acetamidase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. The structural similarities between these two enzymes, and their existence as a separate class of bacterial amidase, were confirmed by immunological investigations.
Scalable Wafer Bonding for Active Photonic Devices on Silicon (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate silicon evanescent lasers using a new architecture as one way to build photonic active devices on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer via low temperature wafer bonding. This approach adopts a wafer bonded structure between a silicon passive waveguide and III-V offset quantum wells. The optical mode is predominantly confined in the silicon waveguide and a small percentage of the mode evanescently coupled into the III-V gain region. With this structure, optical gain can be achieved by electrical injection of the III-V active quantum well region. The symmetry of the III-V region leads to the definition of the optical mode by processing in the silicon region, allowing for bonding to be done without any critical alignment
InGaSb: Single channel solution for realizing III&#x2013;V CMOS (2012)

There has been an upsurge of interest in the possibility of a low-power, high-performance CMOS based on III-V materials. For such a technology to be realized, advances are needed in a number of areas including: (a) comparable high performance from n- and p-channel devices for complementary logic; (b) reducing the impact of D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ; and (c) overcoming low density of states (DOS) of electrons which could limit the NMOS I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> . In this study, methods are investigated that deliver improvements in these three areas (Fig. 1). We chose to work on the 6.1-6.2Å lattice constant system with InGaSb as the channel material because of its advantages in terms of band engineering and high mobility/offsets for both electrons and holes [1-2]. Despite its larger lattice constant, antimonide's are also found to be potentially more suitable for hetero-integration [3]. We demonstrate electron/hole mobility >; 4000/900cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs can be achieved in a single channel material. For the first time in III-V systems, both n- and p-channel transistors with one single channel material show comparable high on-current.
Laboratory methods in vibrational spectroscopy (1987)

Introduction Terminology and Definitions in Vibrational Spectroscopy Group Frequency Correlation Table Selected Properties of Infrared Transmitting Materials Spectra of Solvents and Frequently Encountered Contaminants The Dispersive Infrared Spectrometer Mid Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry Quantitative Analysis from the Infrared Spectrum Simple Sampling Preparation of Polymer Samples for IR Examination Reflection Spectroscopy Micro-Sampling Methods in Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques for Vibrational Spectroscopic Measurements under High Pressures Matrix Isolation Modern Methods for GC/IR and GC/FTIR Capillary GC/FT-IR Species Adsorbed at Surfaces Reactive, Unstable, Explosive and Energetic Materials Infrared Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds Methods of Obtaining Spectra at High and Low Temperatures The Infrared Emission Spectrum Raman Instrumentation Raman Sampling Concise Theory of Infrared Spectroscopy.
Tissue Optics and Photonics: Light-Tissue Interaction II (2016)

This is the third part of the review-tutorial paper describing fundamentals of tissue optics and photonics. The first part of the paper was mostly devoted to description of tissue structures and their specificity related to interactions with light [1]. The second part presented light-tissue interactions originated from tissue dispersion, scattering, and absorption properties, including light reflection and refraction, absorption, elastic, and quasi-elastic scattering [2]. This last part of the paper, underlines mostly photothermal and nonlinear interactions such as temperature rise and tissue damage, photoacoustic and acoustooptical, nonlinear sonoluminescence, Raman scattering, multiphoton autofluorescence, second harmonic generation (SHG), terahertz (THz) radiation interactions, and finally photochemical interactions with description of two widely spread therapeutic applications: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and low level light therapy (LLLT).
Useful impurities for optical resolutions. 2. Generality and mechanism of the rule of reversal (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUseful impurities for optical resolutions. 2. Generality and mechanism of the rule of reversalLia Addadi, Jan Van Mil, and Meir LahavCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 5, 1249–1251Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00395a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00395a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Indoxyl Sulfate—Review of Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies (2016)

Indoxyl sulfate is an extensively studied uremic solute. It is a small molecule that is more than 90% bound to plasma proteins. Indoxyl sulfate is derived from the breakdown of tryptophan by colon microbes. The kidneys achieve high clearances of indoxyl sulfate by tubular secretion, a function not replicated by hemodialysis. Clearance by hemodialysis is limited by protein binding since only the free, unbound solute can diffuse across the membrane. Since the dialytic clearance is much lower than the kidney clearance, indoxyl sulfate accumulates to relatively high plasma levels in hemodialysis patients. Indoxyl sulfate has been most frequently implicated as a contributor to renal disease progression and vascular disease. Studies have suggested that indoxyl sulfate also has adverse effects on bones and the central nervous system. The majority of studies have assessed toxicity in cultured cells and animal models. The toxicity in humans has not yet been proven, as most data have been from association studies. Such toxicity data, albeit inconclusive, have prompted efforts to lower the plasma levels of indoxyl sulfate through dialytic and non-dialytic means. The largest randomized trial showed no benefit in renal disease progression with AST-120. No trials have yet tested cardiovascular or mortality benefit. Without such trials, the toxicity of indoxyl sulfate cannot be firmly established.