gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power continuous wave operation of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2002)

In recent years laser emission from unipolar quantum cascade (QC) structures has been demonstrated in a wide range of wavelengths and temperatures. Continuous wave (CW) operation has also been reported, but with limited output powers (a few tens of mW). We present here the results obtained on a mid-infrared QC laser, whose design has been carefully optimized in order to maximize the injection efficiency and the gain. The device employs a three-well vertical-transition active region with a CW light modulation.
Liquid-semiconductor-based micro power source using radioisotope energy conversion (2009)

In this paper, we present a betavoltaic micro power source using liquid-semiconductor for the first time. We have fabricated and characterized a MEMS-based micro battery, which is powered by a radioactive source with a liquid-semiconductor-based Schottky diode. Semiconductor properties of liquid selenium are utilized with radioactive sulfur ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> S) for direct power conversion. The radioisotope material is encapsulated with liquid semiconductor in a micromachined device. Experimental results show that maximum of 16.2 nW can be harvested from the micromachined liquid semiconductor Schottky diode. A large open-circuit voltage of 899 mV and short-circuit current of 0.107 muA were also observed.
A new method for fabricating ultrathin metal films as scratch-resistant flexible transparent electrodes (2015)

Metals are favorable candidates for flexible transparent electrodes because they have high electrical conductivity and good ductility. Theoretically, ultrathin metal films can present low sheet resistance and high transmittance simultaneously. However, due to Ostwald ripening many metal films (e.g., Ag) tend to form in island growth mode, leading to isolated metal islands and non-conducting feature until the films become relatively opaque. Here we present a new vacuum deposition method that can effectively suppress the Ostwald ripening in metal films, which become conducting at a thickness much smaller than the percolation threshold. The conducting and transparent metal films are smooth and scratch-resistant, and are stretchable by forming distributed ruptures upon stretching. This work presents a new and versatile strategy to fabricate scratch-resistant flexible transparent electrodes.
Automated confocal detection of malignant melanoma (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Hennesy, S. Jacques, G. Pellacani, and D. Gareau, "Automated confocal detection of malignant melanoma," in Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper BMB7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Automated selection of aptamers against cholangiocarcinoma cells on an integrated microfluidic platform (2017)

An integrated microfluidic system capable of automatically identifying aptamers specific to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells was developed herein. The developed system was capable of performing cell-based systematic evolution of ligands via an exponential enrichment (Cell-SELEX) process on-chip, and only six rounds of Cell-SELEX were required to identify high specificity aptamers; this represents a significant improvement in speed over conventional SELEX, in which 15-20 rounds are typically required. Using the microfluidic chip developed, three aptamers specific to CCA cells (one for SNU-478 cells and two for HuCCT-1 cells) were successfully screened. This automated system could be modified to uncover aptamer probes against other cancer cells, thereby allowing for earlier diagnosis and consequently a potentially improved prognosis.
SIMPLE AND RAPID METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENT PLASMID‐BEARING CLONES OF <i>YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA</i><sup>1</sup> (1993)

The detection of cold‐tolerant plasmid‐bearing human pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica depends on the expression of various plasmid‐associated characteristics. However, techniques based on these characteristics have limited reliability and are impractical for diagnostic use. Two rapid, reliable, and simple methods based on the binding of crystal violet and Congo red for identification and differentiation of Y. enterocolitica containing virulent plasmid‐bearing strains are discussed. These dye binding assays can be used to assess the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica isolates from a variety of sources for identification of individual plasmid‐bearing clones.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN SCID MICE AND PREVENTION BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL STRESSORS (2000)

Pretreatment of donor T cells with a combination of physicochemical stressors effectively prevents GVHD caused by major major histocompatibility disparities and may facilitate the safe transplantation of patients without HLA-identical donors.
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comparative Study of Two Research Populations from Spain and the United States (1998)

We examined the distribution of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism in two Caucasian populations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients referred to dementia clinics; one in Gerona, Spain (66 AD patients, 49 controls), and the other in Pittsburgh, Pa., USA (209 AD patients, 58 controls). The presence of the APOE*4 allele was a significant risk for developing AD in both cohorts: Gerona (odds ratio = 2.34, CI: 1.03-5.55) and Pittsburgh (odds ratio = 3.64, CI: 1.78-7.69). The proportion of AD with the APOE*4 allele was greater in the Pittsburgh cohort than in the Gerona cohort (p = 0.02). However, no statistical difference was noted between the two populations in nondemented controls (p = 0.41). These data emphasize the importance of geographical and ethnic variations in the study of APOE genotypes.
An Effect of a Pretreatment of Fabric upon the Development of Durable-Press Properties in Cotton Fabrics by the Wet-Fixation Process (1974)

A critical factor in the development of durable-press performance in cotton fabrics by the wet-fixation process is the presence of trace amounts of residual base in the cotton. In relatively large quantities the base neutralizes the acid catalyst employed for fixation and decreases the extent of reaction of the hexamethylolmelamines. In lesser amounts the base has little or no effect upon the development of add-on and resilience but deters the development of breaking strength and abrasion resistance in the fixed and cured fabrics. Evidence obtained in this study shows that in the wet-fixation type of process high levels of resilience are developed readily and are a function of reactions occurring in the early stages of fixation but subsequently modified by curing. On the other hand, high levels of breaking strength and abrasion resistance are developed only after extensive penetration of reagents into the fiber structure; these properties are a function of reactions occurring in the later stages of fixation. These strength properties are enhanced by use of reagent systems (i.e., hexamethylolmelamines) whose moderate reactivities allow good penetration.
WaveCluster: A Multi-Resolution Clustering Approach for Very Large Spatial Databases (1998)

Many applications require the management of spatial data. Clustering large spatial databases is an important problem which tries to find the densely populated regions in the feature space to be used in data mining, knowledge discovery, or efficient information retrieval. A good clustering approach should be efficient and detect clusters of arbitrary shape. It must be insensitive to the outliers (noise) and the order of input data. We propose WaveCluster, a novel clustering approach based on wavelet transforms, which satisfies all the above requirements. Using multiresolution property of wavelet transforms, we can effectively identify arbitrary shape clusters at different degrees of accuracy. We also demonstrate that WaveCluster is highly efficient in terms of time complexity. Experimental results on very large data sets are presented which show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the other recent clustering methods.
No belief propagation required: Belief space planning in high-dimensional state spaces via factor graphs, the matrix determinant lemma, and re-use of calculation (2017)

We develop a computationally efficient approach for evaluating the information-theoretic term within belief space planning (BSP), where during belief propagation the state vector can be constant or augmented. We consider both unfocused and focused problem settings, whereas uncertainty reduction of the entire system or only of chosen variables is of interest, respectively. State-of-the-art approaches typically propagate the belief state, for each candidate action, through calculation of the posterior information (or covariance) matrix and subsequently compute its determinant (required for entropy). In contrast, our approach reduces runtime complexity by avoiding these calculations. We formulate the problem in terms of factor graphs and show that belief propagation is not needed, requiring instead a one-time calculation that depends on (the increasing with time) state dimensionality, and per-candidate calculations that are independent of the latter. To that end, we develop an augmented version of the matrix determinant lemma, and show that computations can be re-used when evaluating impact of different candidate actions. These two key ingredients and the factor graph representation of the problem result in a computationally efficient (augmented) BSP approach that accounts for different sources of uncertainty and can be used with various sensing modalities. We examine the unfocused and focused instances of our approach, and compare it with the state of the art, in simulation and using real-world data, considering problems such as autonomous navigation in unknown environments, measurement selection and sensor deployment. We show that our approach significantly reduces running time without any compromise in performance.
Rectified Surface Mosaics (2009)

We approach mosaicing as a camera tracking problem within a known parameterized surface. From a video of a camera moving within a surface, we compute a mosaic representing the texture of that surface, flattened onto a planar image. Our approach works by defining a warp between images as a function of surface geometry and camera pose. Globally optimizing this warp to maximize alignment across all frames determines the camera trajectory, and the corresponding flattened mosaic image. In contrast to previous mosaicing methods which assume planar or distant scenes, or controlled camera motion, our approach enables mosaicing in cases where the camera moves unpredictably through proximal surfaces, such as in medical endoscopy applications.
SIM: Scalable Island Multicast for Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming (2006)

Despite the fact that global multicast is still not possible in today's Internet, many local networks are already multicast-capable (the so-called multicast "islands"). However, most application-layer multicast (ALM) protocols for streaming has not taken advantage of the underlying IP multicast capability. As IP multicast is more efficient, it would be beneficial if ALM can take advantage of such capability in building overlay trees. In this paper, we propose a fully distributed protocol called Scalable Island Multicast (SIM), which effectively integrates IP multicast and ALM. Hosts in SIM first form an overlay tree using a scalable protocol. They then detect IP multicast islands and employ IP multicast whenever possible. Through simulations on Internet-like topologies, we show that SIM achieves much lower end-to-end delay and link stress as compared with traditional ALM protocols
Mitochondrially derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism (2017)

Mitochondrially derived peptides represent a new class of circulating signalling molecules. Humanin, the first member of this class, has been shown to have several metabolic effects such as reducing weight gain and visceral fat and increasing glucose-stimulated insulin release. The discovery of several other new members, such as MOTS-c and SHLP1-6, has further added to this group. These new peptides have also been found to affect metabolism with MOTS-c potently decreasing weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. This review covers the basic biology of this class of peptides and discusses the relevance to organismal metabolism.
Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2020)

The findings of this study provide insights into the genetic bases of fiber quality traits, and the identified QTLs or genes may be applicable in cotton breeding to improve fiber quality.
Pulse-stacked cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1999)

Pulse stacking, or synchronous pumping, is a novel approach that offers important advantages in cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Using an ultrashort pulse, high repetition rate laser source we have shown that it is possible to resonantly stack pulses in a high finesse cavity, significantly enhancing the decay wave forms obtained when the laser source is abruptly terminated. We have achieved signal-to-noise ratio improvements of several orders of magnitude compared to single pulse injection systems, demonstrating a sensitivity of 2×10−9 cm−1 at 5.38 μm.
A transmit/receive system for magnetic field monitoring of in vivo MRI (2009)

Magnetic field monitoring with NMR probes has recently been introduced as a means of measuring the actual spatiotemporal magnetic field evolution during individual MR scans. Receive-only NMR probes as used thus far for this purpose impose significant practical limitations due to radiofrequency (RF) interference with the actual MR experiment. In this work these limitations are overcome with a transmit/receive (T/R) monitoring system based on RF-shielded NMR probes. The proposed system is largely autonomous and protected against RF contamination. As a consequence the field probes can be positioned freely and permit monitoring imaging procedures of arbitrary geometry and angulation. The T/R approach is also exploited to simplify probe manufacturing and remove constraints on material choices. Probe miniaturization permits monitoring imaging scans with nominal resolutions on the order of 400 microm. The added capabilities of the new probes and system are demonstrated by first in vivo results, obtained with monitored gradient-echo and spin-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) scans.
A Disc-Type High Speed Rotary Ultrasonic Motor with Internal Contact Teeth (2021)

This paper presents a disc-type ultrasonic piezoelectric motor, which is designed for micro flying vehicles. It provides a high output rotation speed under low operating voltage, compared with common piezoelectric devices, by employing a “contact teeth” wave transmission structure. The ultrasonic motor (USM) consists of a trimorph disc stator, with triple internal contact teeth, a shaft and two hemispheric hard-wearing rotors. The operating principle of the USM is based on the superposition of the in-plane B03 vibration mode of the trimorph disc, and the first longitudinal vibration of the contact teeth. An optimization method of the stator structure parameters was proposed and validated by numerical modeling. The diameter and thickness of the stator are 20 mm and 1 mm, respectively. A prototype with the weight of 2 g was made for this experimental test. The optimal frequency of the excitation signal and the preload force are 98.5 kHz and 0.5 N, respectively. The minimum operating voltage was tested under 7.5 V and reached the speed of 225 rpm, and the maximum unloaded rotational speed of the USM reached 5172 rpm when 30 V driving voltage was applied. The maximum lifting force generated by this USM was measured as 46.1 mN, which is 2.35 times bigger than its weight.
Unbalanced Voltage Sag Ride-Through of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine with Series Grid Side Converter (2008)

Regulatory standards for grid interconnection require wind generators ride-through disturbances such as faults and support the grid during such events. Conventional accommodations for providing voltage sag ride-through for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines result in compromised control of the turbine shaft and grid current during unbalanced faults. This paper presents analysis and control design of a DFIG wind turbine with series grid side converter for ride through during unbalanced voltage sag events. A dynamic model and control structure is developed for unbalanced operating conditions. Experimental results from 2kW laboratory hardware are used to verify the proposed concepts. Hardware results illustrate excellent ride through response of the DFIG system under various sag conditions.
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontitis patients (1996)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and serine proteinases seem to be related to tissue destruction in periodontitis. The presence of MMPs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva, however, has not been studied comprehensively with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-technique. We therefore examined the levels of MMP-1, -3, -8 and -9, and their endogenous inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), in GCF and saliva of patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Elevated levels of MMP-1 were detected in LJP GCF compared to AP and control GCF. Elevated levels of TIMP-1 were also detected in LJP GCF in comparison to AP and control GCF. Higher MMP-8 levels were detected in AP GCF compared to LJP and control GCF. The relative low levels of MMP-3 were present in all studied GCF samples. Elevated levels of MMP-8 were further detected in saliva of AP compared to LJP and the controls. Both MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were detected in all studied saliva samples, but not significant differences were detected between the studied groups. Our ELISA-results confirm that (i) PMN MMP-8 and MMP-9 are the main collagenase and gelatinase in AP GCF, whereas GCF collagenase in LJP seems to be of the MMP-1-type; (ii) only low levels of TIMP-1, endogenous MMP-inhibitor, are present in AP GCF, which emphasises the importance of doxycycline as a possible adjunctive drug in the treatment of AP patients; (iii) tests based on specific antibodies against PMN MMPs, especially MMP-8, might serve as a reliable method of measuring and monitoring enzyme levels in GCF from different periodontitis patients.
A Novel SNOS Gate-Controlled, Normally-Off p-i-n Switch (2014)

A novel silicon-nitride-oxide-silicon (SNOS) gate-controlled, normally-off p-i-n switch (SGPINS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The normally-off of the SGPINS is implemented by using a fully depleted n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -channel region that is controlled by an SNOS trench gate. The device has a threshold voltage of 7 V and an avalanche breakdown voltage of ~1000 V. ON-state voltage drop of the SGPINS is 1.7 V, and is ~0.6 V lower than that of an IGBT with the same non-punch-through structure, resulting in ~26% reduction in the conduction loss.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of P‐glycoprotein in human malignancies by monoclonal antibody MC57 (1994)

P-glycoprotein expression was analyzed on 137 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tumours by monoclonal antibody (MAb) MC57. This MAb recognizes an extracellular human specific P-glycoprotein epitope and defines their multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype by its binding on cells. Immunohistochemistry indicated that this MAb reacted in human cells and tissues in the same pattern as that found with other MAbs to P-glycoprotein. However, the present extensive study demonstrated that MAb MC57 is a highly specific reagent for the evaluation of an extracellular P-glycoprotein epitope preserved after fixation procedures and that this MAb is available to assess P-glycoprotein expression in routinely processed human tumour specimens.
Estimating physical reflectance spectra from human color-matching experiments (2002)

This article presents methods for estimating Munsell reflectance spectra, measured physically with a spectrophotometer, from psychophysically derived color-matching functions. The method is general and may also be used to estimate the reflectance spectra from human cone photoreceptor sensitivities. The color-matching functions and the cone sensitivities were found to contain almost identical information and may be considered to give equivalent estimates. The physical description of the Munsell color structure under D65 illumination was compared to the structure estimated from the human perceptual judgments. The results are virtually indistinguishable.
Instruction-based system-level power evaluation of system-on-a-chip peripheral cores (2002)

Various system-level core-based power evaluation approaches for core types like microprocessors, caches, main memories, and buses, have been proposed in the past. Approaches for other types of components have been based either on the gate-level, register-transfer level, or behavioral-level. We propose a new technique, suitable for a variety of cores like peripheral cores, that is the first to combine gate-level power data with a system-level simulation model written in C++ or Java. For that purpose, we investigated peripheral cores and decomposed their functionality into so-called instructions. Our technique addresses a core-based system design paradigm. We show that our technique is sufficiently accurate for making power-related system-level design decisions, and that its computation time is orders of magnitude smaller than lower-level simulation approaches.
Wave-CAIPI enables highly accelerated 3D MRI (2014)

We introduce Wave-CAIPI acquisition-reconstruction technique to accelerate 3D MR Imaging by an order of magnitude, with negligible noise amplification and image artifact penalties. Wave-CAIPI involves playing sinusoidal G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> and G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> gradients during the readout of each phase encoding line while modifying the phase encoding strategy to incur slice shifts as in 2D-CAIPI. This combination spreads out aliasing due to data undersampling evenly in all spatial directions, thereby taking full advantage of 3D coil sensitivity distribution of the receiver coil. By expressing the voxel spreading effect as a convolution in image space, an efficient reconstruction scheme that recovers the undersampled data without data gridding is proposed. Wave-CAIPI enables full-brain gradient echo (GRE) acquisition in 2.3 minutes with 1 mm isotropic voxel size and R=3×3 acceleration, and yields maximum g-factors (noise amplification) of 1.08 at 3T, and 1.05 at 7T. Relative to state of the art accelerated imaging methods, this is a factor of 2 reduction in maximum g-factor at 3T and 7T.