gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three different transducer concepts for acoustic bladder volume measurements (2006)

In a preceding study the importance of noninvasive bladder volume measurements was addressed, and a new technique to measure the bladder volume on the basis of nonlinear ultrasound wave propagation was validated. It was shown that the harmonic level generated at the posterior bladder wall increases for larger bladder volumes. The objective of this study is to design an optimal transducer to implement this approach. For this purpose, three different transducer concepts, i.e. a multi-layer transducer, a broadband piezo-composite transducer and a multi-element transducer, were mutually compared using calibrated hydrophone measurements in water and pulse-echo measurements on a bladder test phantom. The effects of an additional acoustic lens on the beamwidth and generated peak pressures were also considered.
Autonomous underwater data muling using wireless optical communication and agile auv control (2013)

Underwater exploration and surveillance currently relies on subsea cables and tethers to relay data back to the user. The cause for this is that water heavily absorbs most electromagnetic signals, preventing effective radio communication over large distances, and that underwater communication with acoustic signals affords only bit rates on the order of Kilobits per second.
In this thesis we present a novel design and implementation for an underwater data muling system. This system allows for automatic collection of underwater datasets without the need to physically connect to or move the sensors by using mobile robots to travel to the sensors and download the data using wireless optical communication to bring it back to the base station.
The system consists of two parts. The first part is a modular and adaptive robot for underwater locomotion in six degrees of freedom. We present a hardware design as well as control algorithms to allow for in-situ deployment without the need for manual configuration of the parameter space. To achieve this we designed a highly parameterizable controller and methods and algorithms for automatically estimating all parameters of this controller. The second part of the data mulling system is a novel high-bandwidth optical underwater communication device. This device allows for transfer of high-fidelity data, such as high-definition video and audio, images, and sensor logs. Finally we present algorithms to control the robots path in order to maximize data rates as it communicates with a sensor while using only the signal strength as a measurement.
All components and algorithms of the system have been implemented and tested in the real world to demonstrate the validity of our claims. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, libraries.mit.edu/docs - docs@mit.edu)
Cross‐scale predictive modeling of <scp>CHO</scp> cell culture growth and metabolites using <scp>R</scp>aman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis (2014)

Multi-component, multi-scale Raman spectroscopy modeling results from a monoclonal antibody producing CHO cell culture process including data from two development scales (3 L, 200 L) and a clinical manufacturing scale environment (2,000 L) are presented. Multivariate analysis principles are a critical component to partial least squares (PLS) modeling but can quickly turn into an overly iterative process, thus a simplified protocol is proposed for addressing necessary steps including spectral preprocessing, spectral region selection, and outlier removal to create models exclusively from cell culture process data without the inclusion of spectral data from chemically defined nutrient solutions or targeted component spiking studies. An array of single-scale and combination-scale modeling iterations were generated to evaluate technology capabilities and model scalability. Analysis of prediction errors across models suggests that glucose, lactate, and osmolality are well modeled. Model strength was confirmed via predictive validation and by examining performance similarity across single-scale and combination-scale models. Additionally, accurate predictive models were attained in most cases for viable cell density and total cell density; however, these components exhibited some scale-dependencies that hindered model quality in cross-scale predictions where only development data was used in calibration. Glutamate and ammonium models were also able to achieve accurate predictions in most cases. However, there are differences in the absolute concentration ranges of these components across the datasets of individual bioreactor scales. Thus, glutamate and ammonium PLS models were forced to extrapolate in cases where models were derived from small scale data only but used in cross-scale applications predicting against manufacturing scale batches.
Presenting a novel, neurofuzzy approach for devices that combine neural networks and fuzzy logic to achieve optimal gain requirements - Next-generation hearing prosthetics (2003)

Neural networks and fuzzy logic are powerful tools for next-generation hearing prosthetics. A neural network, as a function fitter to map the hearing loss to desired gains requirements, provides many benefits over other approaches. The network is able to learn dynamically through experience. It is open and expandable - a physician can easily incorporate new knowledge into the system. Fuzzy logic, on the other hand, is an indispensable tool for the tuning process. It builds a direct and reasonable link between a user's subjective evaluation and the actual required modifications to the gain targets. Again, physicians are free to add new rules to the rule base in reflection of specific needs and patterns. The presented neurofuzzy approach helps hearing prosthetic devices not only in an offline fitting process, but also in online operations. Next-generation hearing prosthetics will be more intelligent than current devices. Hearing aids should be situation-dependent and capable of evolving or adapting. The neurofuzzy approach makes these features possible.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Risk of Myocardial Infarction (1997)

This study provides evidence for an independent association of the insertion allele of the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the TPA gene with nonfatal MI. Increased TPA antigen is associated with an increased risk of MI; however, this association was not independent of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Substituting ornithine for arginine in total parenteral nutrition eliminates enhanced tumor growth (1992)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may enhance the growth of some tumors: this enhanced growth is associated with an increase in the erythrocyte polyamine levels. The effect of arginine in TPN on tumor growth was compared with ornithine using rats with a transplantable Ward colon tumor. The relationship of circulating arginine, ornithine, glutamine, and polyamines with tumor growth was investigated. For rats fed chow ad libitum, increasing tumor weights were associated with a linear decrease in the plasma arginine levels which was consistently lower than that of age-matched non-tumor bearing (NTB) rats; ornithine and lysine levels were not affected. Subsequent experiments suggest that plasma glutamine levels were also lower in tumor bearing rats. Pair-fed NTB rats had reduced arginine but not glutamine levels in plasma. TPN regimens with arginine or with ornithine substituted for arginine at two levels (equimolar [Orn-Em] or isonitrogenous [Orn-IN]) were given to colon tumor bearing rats for 8 days. The final tumor weight of rats which received the arginine-containing regimen (19.8 +/- 5.7 g, n = 4) (P less than 0.05) was significantly greater than the tumor weight of rats fed chow ad libitum (12.1 +/- 3.3 g, n = 6). The final tumor weights of Orn-EM (11.2 +/- 2.6 g, n = 4) or Orn-IN (11.6 +/- 0.8 g, n = 6) were similar to the chow-fed controls. The plasma arginine levels were elevated, compared with the control, when arginine was present in the regimen. The plasma arginine levels of rats which received Orn-EM or Orn-IN were lower than the controls. The plasma ornithine levels were not affected by arginine in the regimen but were elevated with increasing levels of ornithine in TPN. Plasma glutamine levels were decreased when arginine was present in the regimen but were elevated when ornithine was substituted for arginine. Erythrocyte putrescine was increased when either arginine or ornithine was included in the TPN regimens. These results demonstrate that while arginine in a parenteral regimen stimulates tumor growth, substituting ornithine for arginine in TPN does not enhance the growth of a transplantable colon tumor.
Broadly tunable, mode-hop-tuned cw optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate (2001)

We describe a broadly tunable, cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled lithium niobate. The OPO can be tuned over a broad region in the mid IR (2900-3100 cm(-1)) covering the important C-H stretch region while a high spectral resolution (<0.1 cm(-1)) is maintained. The OPO is the light source for a field-portable photoacoustic spectrometer for gas-phase monitoring of volatile organic compounds.
Biologic Repair of Articular Cartilage (1999)

Articular cartilage lesions are a commonly encountered medical problem, for which there exists no satisfactory solution at present. Although many treatment protocols are in current clinical use, few of these have been the subject of rigorous evaluation in animal studies. Such an evaluation requires not only the selection of a suitable animal species, but also careful consideration of the defect parameters, not per se, but in relation to the biologic setting, and of whether this model is of relevance when transposed to the human situation. The current study addresses some of the common pitfalls into which investigators unknowingly stumble and which, unless avoided, can render their studies less meaningful in the human context. Because most treatment protocols entail the deposition of a space filling matrix within the defect void, the important attributes which such a material should possess also are described in this article.
At-wavelength testing of optics for EUV (1995)

Optical systems for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography require optical elements with wavefront aberrations limited to a fraction of an EUV wavelength to achieve diffraction-limited performance. Achieving wavefront and surface figure metrology at this level of accuracy is one of the key challenges in the development of EUV lithography. We have successfully built and operated a prototype EUV point diffraction interferometer which is capable of performing wavefront measurement of EUV optical elements at their operational wavelength. Initial experiments to characterize the interferometer, and to measure the optical wavefront diffracted from a Fresnel zone plate lens are discussed.
DETERMINATION OF MINUTIAE SCORES FOR FINGERPRINT IMAGE APPLICATIONS (2005)

Many Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) are based on minutiae matching. Minutiae are the terminations and bifurcations of the ridge lines in a fingerprint image. A gray-scale fingerprint image that has undergone binarization, followed by thinning, in order to extract the minutiae, may contain hundreds of minutiae, all of which are not so vivid and obvious in the original image. Thus, the set of minutiae that are well-defined and more prominent than the rest should be given higher relevance and importance in the process of minutiae matching. In this work, a gray-scale fingerprint image is first preprocessed to produce a thinned binary image. Next, a method to assign a score value to each of the extracted minutiae is proposed, based on certain topographical properties of a minutia. The score associated to a minutia signifies its robustness and prominence. A minutia with a higher score value should be considered with higher priority in the matching scheme to yield better results. Experimental results on several standard databases have been reported.
Proposal of Electrically Tunable External-Cavity Laser Diode (2004)

We propose and demonstrate a novel tunable external-cavity laser diode that simultaneously achieves rapid tuning rate and wide tuning range by electrical control. This contains new-type integrated laser diode, collimating lens, and diffraction grating mirror. The integrated laser diode consists of Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode and waveguide-type deflector, which can deflect the beam passing through the waveguide. By control of the current in the deflector region, maximum wavelength variation of 8.6 nm and sidemode suppression ratio of >35 dB were obtained.
Injection Locked Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillator with Long-Term Feedback Stabilization (2009)

A semiconductor based, optically-injection locked coupled optoelectronic oscillator with long term feedback stabilization, operating at 10.24 GHz is presented. Optical supermode suppression, RF supermode noise spur suppression by 11 dB, and linewidth reduction is observed.
New Column Designs for MicroGC (2007)

In this paper, we present some new column designs for micro-gas chromatography (μGC) columns. Serpentine columns are compared to commonly used spiral columns and are found to give relatively lower height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP) values. Turns are a major dispersion source for serpentine configuration. We found that sinusoidal compensation structures following the turns give lowest dispersion amongst the several tested turn geometries for serpentine configuration.
Modulation of the Local Neutrophil Response by a Novel Hyaluronic Acid-Binding Peptide Reduces Bacterial Burden during Staphylococcal Wound Infection (2010)

Novel approaches targeting the host's immune response to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections have significant potential to improve clinical outcomes, in particular during infection with antibiotic-resistant strains. The hyaluronic acid-binding peptide (HABP) PEP35 was assessed for its ability to treat S. aureus infections using a clinically relevant murine model of surgical wound infection. PEP35 demonstrated no direct antimicrobial activity against a range of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. However, when this peptide was administered at the onset of infection and up to 4 h postchallenge with a methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) or a methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain of S. aureus, it significantly reduced the bacterial burden at the wound infection site. PEP35 reduced the tissue bacterial burden by exclusively modulating the local neutrophil response. PEP35 administration resulted in a significant early increase in local CXCL1 and CXCL2 production, which resulted in a more rapid influx of neutrophils to the infection site. Importantly, neutrophil influx was not sustained after treatment with PEP35, and administration of PEP35 alone did not induce a local inflammatory response. The immunomodulatory effects of PEP35 on CXC chemokine production were TLR2 and NF-κB dependent. We propose a novel role for a HABP as an innate immunomodulator in the treatment of MSSA and MRSA surgical wound infection through enhancement of the local CXC chemokine-driven neutrophil response.
Synthesis, absolute configuration, and antibacterial activity of 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (1987)

The tricyclic quinolone antibacterial agent 6,7-dihydro-5,8-dimethyl-9-fluoro-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine -2-carboxylic acid has an asymmetric center at position 5 of the molecule. The R and S isomers of the compound have been prepared from the corresponding (R)- and (S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, which were separated via their diastereomeric amides of N-tosyl-(S)-proline. The absolute configuration was established by X-ray analysis of one of the diastereomeric amides. The 5-desmethyl analogue was prepared for antibacterial comparison with the isomers and the racemic mixture. It has now been established that the S isomer is much more active than the R isomer. The 5-desmethyl analogue was found to be more active than the R isomer but not as active as the S isomer or the racemic mixture. The importance of stereochemistry at position 5 in this system has been established.
Effect of Fipronil on Bait Formulation-Based Aversion in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1999)

We examined the effects of 3 active ingredients in baits containing glucose on a behaviorally resistant (glucose-averse, T-164) strain of Blattella germanica L. Baits with glucose and hydramethylnon or chlorpyrifos killed few T-164 individuals; however, fipronil–glucose baits killed 60% of the cockroaches by day 14. Although ingestion levels were low, fipronil–glucose baits were consumed more than hydramethylnon or chlorpyrifos glucose baits by T-164 cockroaches. Fipronil bait was 17 and 29 times more toxic to the T-164 strain than hydramethylnon and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Despite aversion to a key bait component, low-level bait consumption of a highly active toxicant such as fipronil may to some degree override bait inert-based behavioral resistance mechanisms.
C-Hint (2014)

Recently, many in-memory key-value stores have started using a High-Performance network protocol, Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), to provision ultra-low latency access services. Among various solutions, previous studies have recognized that leveraging RDMA Read to optimize GET operations and continuing using message passing for other requests can offer tremendous performance improvement while avoiding read-write races. However, although such a design can utilize the power of RDMA when there is sufficient memory space, it has also raised new challenges on the cache management that do not exist in traditional key-value stores. First, RDMA Read deprives servers of the awareness of the read operations. Therefore, how to track popular items and make replacement decisions at the server side becomes a critical issue. Second, without the access knowledge from the clients, new approaches are needed for servers to efficiently and reliably reclaim the resources. Lastly, the remote pointers hold by clients to conduct RDMA are highly susceptible to the evictions made by remote servers. Thus, any replacement algorithm that solely considers the server-side hit ratio is insufficient and can cause severe underutilization of RDMA.
ChemInform Abstract: ERYTHROMYCIN SERIES. VIII. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF N‐(SUBSTITUTED‐BENZENESULFONYL)ERYTHROMYCYLAMINES (1978)

Abstract Zum Vergleich ihrer antibakteriellen Aktivitäten mit denen des Erythromycins A werden durch Kondensation des entsprechenden nicht N‐substituierten Amins [9 (S)‐Erythromycylamin] mit den betreffenden Benzolsulfonylchloriden die Verbindungen (I) dargestellt.
Vertical NPN bipolar junction transistors fabricated in silicon-on-sapphire (1991)

Vertical NPN bipolar junction transistors were fabricated on DSPE (double solid-phase epitaxy) improved SOS (silicon-on-sapphire) using conventional furnace anneals. Transistors with an effective emitter area of 40 square microns were measured for current gain ( beta /sub DC/) and Early voltage (V/sub A/). Functional devices with beta /sub DC/ values of up to 70, V/sub A/ values of 40 volts, and f/sub T/ values of 1 gigahertz were recorded. A thin SOS film (0.27 micron) was regrown with DSPE process to reduce the microtwin defect concentration. A common emitter characteristic curve for a BJT (bipolar junction transistor) fabricated in DSPE improved SOS is shown. It can be seen from this sample that the effects of enhanced diffusion along dislocations causing emitter-collector shorts are minimized by utilizing the DSPE process prior to epitaxy deposition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-attention with Functional Time Representation Learning (2019)

Sequential modelling with self-attention has achieved cutting edge performances in natural language processing. With advantages in model flexibility, computation complexity and interpretability, self-attention is gradually becoming a key component in event sequence models. However, like most other sequence models, self-attention does not account for the time span between events and thus captures sequential signals rather than temporal patterns. Without relying on recurrent network structures, self-attention recognizes event orderings via positional encoding. To bridge the gap between modelling time-independent and time-dependent event sequence, we introduce a functional feature map that embeds time span into high-dimensional spaces. By constructing the associated translation-invariant time kernel function, we reveal the functional forms of the feature map under classic functional function analysis results, namely Bochner's Theorem and Mercer's Theorem. We propose several models to learn the functional time representation and the interactions with event representation. These methods are evaluated on real-world datasets under various continuous-time event sequence prediction tasks. The experiments reveal that the proposed methods compare favorably to baseline models while also capturing useful time-event interactions.
Deep Learning Based Caching for Self-Driving Car in Multi-access Edge Computing (2018)

Once self-driving car becomes a reality and passengers are no longer worry about it, they will need to find new ways of entertainment. However, retrieving entertainment contents at the Data Center (DC) can hinder content delivery service due to high delay of car-to-DC communication. To address these challenges, we propose a deep learning based caching for self-driving car, by using Deep Learning approaches deployed on the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) structure. First, at DC, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is used to predict the probabilities of contents to be requested in specific areas. To reduce the car-DC delay, MLP outputs are logged into MEC servers attached to roadside units. Second, in order to cache entertainment contents stylized for car passengers' features such as age and gender, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to predict age and gender of passengers. Third, each car requests MLP output from MEC server and compares its CNN and MLP outputs by using k-means and binary classification. Through this, the self-driving car can identify the contents need to be downloaded from the MEC server and cached. Finally, we formulate deep learning based caching in the self-driving car that enhances entertainment services as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize content downloading delay. To solve the formulated problem, a Block Successive Majorization-Minimization (BS-MM) technique is applied. The simulation results show that the accuracy of our prediction for the contents need to be cached in the areas of the self-driving car is achieved at 98.04% and our approach can minimize delay.
Space time coded MIMO network coding (2008)

Efficient bi-directional multi-hop wireless networks based on MIMO algorithm or network coding have been proposed in recent literatures. In this paper, a new technique named as MIMO network coding, that is a combination of network coding and MIMO algorithm, will be proposed. By using MIMO network coding, co-channel interference cancellation and efficient bi-directional transmission can be realized simultaneously with lower complexity in multi-hop networks. Moreover, Space Time Block Code (STBC) MIMO transmission is also introduced to achieve higher reliability in MIMO network coding. It is confirmed from numerical analysis that the MIMO network coding with STBC supplies higher capacity and reliability than that of conventional schemes.