gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Saptio-Temporal Sampling in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Compressive Sampling (2015)

A wireless sensor network monitors the environment at a macroscopic level. It comprises interconnected sensor nodes that sense a physical parameter of interest. The sensed data is first digitized and then transmitted over a multi-hop network to a base station or sink. The main challenge of data collection in a wireless sensor network is to keep the transmissions volume within the limited bandwidth of the sensor nodes. Several efficient in-network processing techniques are developed to reduce the network traffic. These techniques are based on the fact that the raw data sensed by the sensor nodes are often compressible. This thesis focuses on efficient sampling techniques based on the theory of compressed sensing. Compressed sensing or compressive sampling is a lossy signal compression technique for robust and efficient data collection by applying a simple network coding mechanism. The main advantage of compressed sensing over the existing methods is that it guarantees balanced load on the sensor nodes in a normal operation of the wireless sensor network. This effectively avoids exhaustion of overloaded sensor nodes. In this thesis, we extend compressed sensing techniques for wireless sensor networks in the following ways: Reordering for better compressibility: The effectiveness of compressed sensing depends very much on the compressibility of the sensed data. The more compressible the raw data is, the less transmissions are needed to collect the data. We show that compressibility is affected by the order or permutation of the samples. The samples recorded by a wireless sensor network are conventionally indexed by the sensor node id's. This indexing does not necessarily lead to the most compressible order of the samples. We propose an algorithm that maps the physical indexing of the samples to a logical indexing that is more compressible. This mapping does not require reprogramming or relocating the sensor nodes. Spatiotemporal compressive sampling: Several studies show that the data sensed by a wireless sensor networks are both spatially and temporally compressible. We propose an extension to compressive sampling that takes advantage of spatiotemporal compressibility of the sensed data. Handling link and node failures: In practice, the sensor nodes often experience occasional failures or link disconnections. We propose a novel variation of compressed sensing that is more tolerant to network perturbations. Our method detects the sensor nodes that are facing node or link failures and isolate their sensor reading to preserve the accuracy of genuine data. Data dissemination via network coding: We introduce a novel network coding method that disseminates a particular linear combination of the sensed data to all sensor nodes of a wireless sensor networks. We show that the originally sensed data are recoverable from any arbitrarily chosen sensor node that receives an error-free linear combination. Our dissemination allows accessing the globally sensed data from any sensor node by performing local data exchanges.
Structure of the Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGM)–Neogenin Signaling Hub (2013)

Repulsive guidance molecule family members (RGMs) control fundamental and diverse cellular processes, including motility and adhesion, immune cell regulation, and systemic iron metabolism. However, it is not known how RGMs initiate signaling through their common cell-surface receptor, neogenin (NEO1). Here, we present crystal structures of the NEO1 RGM-binding region and its complex with human RGMB (also called dragon). The RGMB structure reveals a previously unknown protein fold and a functionally important autocatalytic cleavage mechanism and provides a framework to explain numerous disease-linked mutations in RGMs. In the complex, two RGMB ectodomains conformationally stabilize the juxtamembrane regions of two NEO1 receptors in a pH-dependent manner. We demonstrate that all RGM-NEO1 complexes share this architecture, which therefore represents the core of multiple signaling pathways.
Learning Wake-Sleep Recurrent Attention Models (2015)

Despite their success, convolutional neural networks are computationally expensive because they must examine all image locations. Stochastic attention-based models have been shown to improve computational efficiency at test time, but they remain difficult to train because of intractable posterior inference and high variance in the stochastic gradient estimates. Borrowing techniques from the literature on training deep generative models, we present the Wake-Sleep Recurrent Attention Model, a method for training stochastic attention networks which improves posterior inference and which reduces the variability in the stochastic gradients. We show that our method can greatly speed up the training time for stochastic attention networks in the domains of image classification and caption generation.
Genetics of Resistance to<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp.<i>melonis</i>Races 0, 1, and 2 in Muskmelon Line MR-1 (1990)

In artificial inoculation studies, muskmelon (Cucumis melo) breeding line MR-1 was resistant to races 0, 1, and 2; but not 1,2y or 1,2w of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Segregation ratios for F 1 , F 2 , and BC 1 populations of crosses between resistant MR-1 and susceptible Topmark indicated that resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium wilt is conferred by single dominant genes and that resistance to race 0 is also conferred by a single dominant gene. Linkage tests indicated that the genes for resistance to race 1 and race 2 assort independently (...)
Image Retrieval Using Fused Features (2014)

The system is designed to show images which are<br> related to the query image. Extracting color, texture, and shape<br> features from an image plays a vital role in content-based image<br> retrieval (CBIR). Initially RGB image is converted into HSV color<br> space due to its perceptual uniformity. From the HSV image, Color<br> features are extracted using block color histogram, texture features<br> using Haar transform and shape feature using Fuzzy C-means<br> Algorithm. Then, the characteristics of the global and local color<br> histogram, texture features through co-occurrence matrix and Haar<br> wavelet transform and shape are compared and analyzed for CBIR.<br> Finally, the best method of each feature is fused during similarity<br> measure to improve image retrieval effectiveness and accuracy.
Current-driven phase-change optical gate switch using indium–tin-oxide heater (2017)

We proposed and fabricated a current-driven phase-change optical gate switch using a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST225) thin film, an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) heater, and a Si waveguide.Microfabrication technology compatible with CMOS fabrication was used for the fabrication of the Si waveguide.The repetitive phase changing of GST225 was obtained by injecting a current pulse into the ITO heater beneath the GST225 thin film.The switching operation was observed by injecting a 100-ns current pulse of 20 mA into the ITO heater.The average extinction ratio over the wavelength range of 1,525 to 1,625 nm was 1.2 dB.
Cyclophosphamide Is Associated with Pulmonary Function and Survival Benefit in Patients with Scleroderma and Alveolitis (2000)

The presence of lung inflammation identifies patients with scleroderma who are more likely to have worsening lung function. Lung function outcomes and survival are improved in patients with alveolitis who receive cyclophosphamide.
Are antibiotics naturally antibiotics? (2006)

Antibiotics have been used for more than 50 years and are the cornerstone of infectious disease treatment; in addition, these low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds have been applied to many other therapeutic purposes. However, there is almost no information on the evolutionary biology or ecology of naturally occurring low-molecular-weight compounds. The large number of different structural types and the extremely broad range of biological activities of organic molecules produced by microbes raise many questions concerning their roles in nature. Recent evidence for the enormous complexity of microbial populations in the environment favors the notion that the principal roles of small molecules in microbial ecology are cell-cell communication and not antibiosis.
Video quality assessment in video streaming services considering user preference for video content (2014)

In video streaming service, the user's Quality of Experience (QoE) is not only related to video signal quality received at consumer's devices, the users’ subjectivity must also be considered. In this context, a video quality assessment method that takes into account the user's preference for video content is proposed in this research. In order to perform this task, the users' profiles that include their preferences were stored in a video server. Then, subjective tests of video quality assessment were conducted, in which evaluators had different video content preferences. Results show that the evaluators' QoE is highly correlated with the user's preference for video content type. Based on these experimental results, a function named Preference Factor (PF) is defined and used to adjust the quality index values obtained by an objective video quality metric running in the end user's device. The PF function also depends on video content type and quality index score. Using the PF function, the enhanced Video streaming Quality Metric (e-VsQM) is proposed and the results of its performance evaluation demonstrate that PF improves an objective video quality metric. Furthermore, e-VsQM has low complexity and can be utilized in different video services. Thus, an application scenario is presented, in which the proposed video quality metric is implemented.
Quantitative computed tomography detects peripheral airway disease in asthmatic children (2005)

The aim of this study was to compare air-trapping as quantified by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest with measures of lung function and airway inflammation in children with mild to moderate asthma. Plethysmography indices, respiratory resistance, and reactance before and after bronchodilator with impulse oscillation (IOS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), total eosinophil count (TEC), and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were measured in 21 subjects. A single-cut HRCT image at end-expiration was obtained. Air-trapping was quantified and expressed in terms of the pixel index (PI) by determining the percentage of pixels in lung fields below -856 and -910 Hounsfeld units (HU). Pairwise linear correlations between PI and other parameters were evaluated. Subjects had only mild airflow limitation based on prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), but were hyperinflated and had air-trapping based on elevated total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV)/TLC ratio, respectively. The PI at -856 HU was positively correlated with % predicted TLC, total gas volume (TGV), and ECP level, and was inversely correlated with FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and % predicted forced expiratory flow between 25-75% FVC (FEF(25-75)). The PI at -910 HU correlated similarly with these variables, and also correlated positively with IOS bronchodilator reversibility. This data suggest that quantitative HRCT may be a useful tool in the evaluation of peripheral airflow obstruction in children with asthma.
Modelling and animating cartoon hair with NURBS surfaces (2004)

In this paper we present a technique for the modelling and animation of cartoon hair. In our approach the primary shape and motion of the hair is defined by an animated NURBS volume, along whose surface are generated clumps of hair geometry. The basis of these hair clumps is formed by key hair curves that are grown along the isocurves of the originating surface and which follow its motion. Particle dynamics are applied to each key hair and blended with initial animation using springs. Profile curves are then extruded along the length of the hey hairs to create the geometry details of the hairdo. The finished animated hairdo is rendered nonphotorealistically in cartoon style shading
Magnetic skyrmion-based artificial neuron device (2017)

Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the biological nervous system, has attracted considerable attention. Intensive research has been conducted in this field for developing artificial synapses and neurons, attempting to mimic the behaviors of biological synapses and neurons, which are two basic elements of a human brain. Recently, magnetic skyrmions have been investigated as promising candidates in neuromorphic computing design owing to their topologically protected particle-like behaviors, nanoscale size and low driving current density. In one of our previous studies, a skyrmion-based artificial synapse was proposed, with which both short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation functions have been demonstrated. In this work, we further report on a skyrmion-based artificial neuron by exploiting the tunable current-driven skyrmion motion dynamics, mimicking the leaky-integrate-fire function of a biological neuron. With a simple single-device implementation, this proposed artificial neuron may enable us to build a dense and energy-efficient spiking neuromorphic computing system.
State-of-the-Art BHA Program Produces Unprecedented Results (2008)

This paper presents the development of a new bottomhole assembly (BHA) program and how it is used to deliver optimal BHA design. The new program allows users to run static and dynamic models in the same application which will save time and minimize errors.
A Multilevel Converter Topology With Fault-Tolerant Ability (2005)

A new topology with fault-tolerant ability that improves the reliability of multilevel converters is proposed. This new topology is developed through analysis of different power device's failure modes. With the proposed scheme, the function of the power stage can be maintained even part of it fails. Its fault-tolerant ability results from the redundant nature of the multiswitching-state topology and from control signal modification. Furthermore, it balances the voltage levels automatically without any assistance from other circuits. The validity of the proposed scheme is confirmed by experiments in a five-level single-phase inverter prototype.
Identification of the bright band through the analysis of volumetric radar data (2000)

The identification of the bright band by volumetric scanning radars is analyzed. An average vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) containing bright band enhancement is used as an input to simulate the VPR registered by the radar as a function of range. It is found that the bright band intensity enhancement detected by the radar decreases cyclically with range. The cycle depends on the relative positions of the antenna elevation angles and the bright band. The accuracy of the bright band identification is analyzed from different viewpoints: the radar scan strategy, the number of available elevation angles, the altitude of the bright band, and the effect of areal integration of radar measurement. An algorithm for detecting the bright band is devised, and its application to a case study exhibits features similar to those resulting from the simulation. The findings show that high‐resolution volume scans and an optimized radar scan strategy are necessary for an adequate bright band identification. Moreover, the identification is clearly limited in range. We found the detection limit to be 70 km with a beam width of the order of 1°, although the bright band contamination appreciably affects the reflectivity measurements beyond this range.
Electrospun nanofibers comprising of silk fibroin/gelatin for drug delivery applications: Thyme essential oil and doxycycline monohydrate release study (2017)

In this study, a nanofibrous electrospun substrate based on the silk fibroin (SF) and gelatin (GT) polymers were prepared and evaluated. The SF/GT blended solutions were prepared with various ratios of GT in formic acid and electrospun to obtain bead-free fibers. Results showed that addition of GT to SF increased nanofiber's diameter, bulk hydrophilicity, surface wettability, mass loss percentage, but decreased Young's modulus, tensile strength, and porosity of the SF/GT mats. According to the obtained results, the mat containing 10% of GT was selected as the optimized mat for further studies and loaded with thyme essential oil (TEO) and doxycycline monohydrate (DCMH) as the antibacterial agents. Release studies showed a burst release of TEO from the mat within the first 3 h, while the DCMH had a sustained release during 48 h. In comparison to the TEO-loaded mat, the DCMH-loaded one showed larger inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. Meanwhile, cellular studies using mouse fibroblast L929 cells showed excellent cell-compatibility of TEO- and DCMH-loaded mats. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1092-1103, 2018.
Novel watermarking scheme for image authentication using vector quantization approach (2017)

In this paper a new invisible watermarking algorithm using vector quantization (VQ) approach for image content authentication application is proposed. At the first stage, a robust verification watermark is embedded using properties of indices of vector quantized image using key based approach. At the second stage, the semi-fragile watermark is embedded by using modified index key based (MIKB) method. Robust watermark andVQenhance the security of the system by providing its double protection. The semi-fragile watermark is utilized for the authentication of the received image. Blind extraction of the watermark is performed independently in two successive steps i.e. in the order of embedding. Further, in oder to classify quantitatively an incidental or intentional attack, which at present is not being followed, a quantitative threshold approach using pixel neighborhood clustering is suggested. The existing methods employ the qualitative approach of identifying incidental or intentional attacks. Imperceptibility of watermarked image is 41 dB on the average, and it is also possible to detect and locate tamper with very high sensitivity. The present scheme is compared with the existing algorithms. The performance of proposed algorithm has been tested on various practical images. It outperforms in distinguishing malicious tampering from content preserving changes and the tampered regions are accurately localized.
Sensing within the OTDR dead-zone using a two-mode fiber (2020)

An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is incapable of providing sensing or diagnostic information within dead-zones. We use a two-mode fiber (TMF) and a photonic lantern to completely overcome the main OTDR's dead-zone originating from the front facet of optical fiber. This is achieved by injecting the optical pulses of the OTDR in the form of the fundamental ${{\rm LP}_{{01}}}$ mode and meanwhile collecting the Rayleigh signals associated with the higher-order modes. Using the reported TMF-based OTDR, we accurately sense the position and frequency of a vibration event located within the dead-zone as a proof-of-concept demonstration.
An analog-to-digital conversion based on a moving window deconvolution (1994)

A high-performance analog-to-digital conversion technique for nuclear spectroscopy applications with unconventional architecture is described. This technique is planned to be used in Phase III of the European /spl gamma/-ray facility project EUROBALL. The conversion is based on the Moving Window Deconvolution (MWD) method for signal processing in nuclear spectroscopy which has been introduced recently. This method allows the conversion to be represented as a sequence of measurements of the total charge of the event and consequently, by applying for example a simple oversampling scheme to achieve a high accuracy. The proposed MWD-type conversion exhibits very low differential and integral nonlinearities over a 14-bit resolution range with an effective conversion dead-time virtually zero. The last feature combined with an inherent pipeline conversion structure is of great importance for applications in large-scale multi-detector arrays like EUROBALL. The key parameters of the development have been theoretically estimated and measured with a prototype consisting of a free running A/D converter and a digital signal processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
900 MHz path loss measurements and prediction techniques for in-building communication system design (2002)

The effects of walls, floors, and building type on path loss in four different buildings are considered. Using a simple d/sup n/ model, average path loss falls off to the n=3.14 power with a standard deviation of 16.3 dB for the entire data set. However, when the effects of building type and number of floors between the transmitter and receiver are considered, standard deviations are reduced to 5 dB about a mean d/sup n/ power law. Average floor attenuation factors which describe the additional path loss caused by floors between the transmitter and receiver are found for as many as four floors in a typical office building. Preliminary evaluation of techniques to predict signal strength based on site-specific geometry are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-E paints enhanced building components: Performance, limits and research perspectives (2017)

In the latest years, different solutions have been developed in order to increase the energy performance of opaque building envelopes as far as the heat losses are concerned. Most of them are mainly focused on the bulk properties of materials and are aimed at reaching very low values of thermal conductivity, i.e., super insulating materials. Contemporarily research has been carried out aimed at exploiting the low emissivity in order to reduce the radiative heat transfer between surfaces separated by cavities and, if applied as an internal coating, in order to increase the indoor thermal comfort. In this paper, several solutions that have been experimentally investigated in the latest two years by the authors are presented.
R-25788 Effects on Chlorsulfuron Injury and Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Activity (1985)

Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro- N -[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl]-benzenesulfonamide} applied preemergence or postemergence as a soil drench retards the growth of four corn ( Zea mays L.) genotypes in soil with 50% inhibition in each case at a rate of approximately 5 g ai/ha. R-25788 ( N,N -diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), applied at 1.0 kg ai/ha to the soil preemergence with chlorsulfuron or postemergence 2 days prior to chlorsulfuron treatment, reverses shoot growth inhibition induced by the herbicide in varying degree in ‘XL25A’ and ‘XL72B’ corn hybrids and ‘FRM017’ and ‘FR619’ inbreds, but not in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr., var. ‘Amsoy-71’]. Under similar conditions, flurazole [2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid (phenylmethyl ester)] and CGA-92194 [α-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)-imino-benzeneacetonitrile] are less effective than R-25788 in protecting corn genotypes from chlorsulfuron injury. R-25788 also partially reverses chlorsulfuron-induced root growth inhibition in XL25A and FR619 corn but not in pea ( Pisum sativum L. var. ‘Dwarf Gray Sugar’). Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is higher in both activity and the proportion that is very sensitive to in vitro chlorsulfuron inhibition when prepared from XL25A shoots than from the roots. R-25788 does not reverse the in vitro inhibition of corn acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) by chlorsulfuron. Pretreatment of 5-day-old XL25A corn with R-25788 at 24 or 48 μM significantly increases AHAS activity by approximately 25% in both shoots and roots but does not change its in vitro sensitivity to chlorsulfuron. This antidote also increases the glutathione (GSH) content in roots and etiolated shoots. The R-25788-induced elevation of AHAS activity may contribute to its antidotal effect in corn.