gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive synthesis from signal temporal logic specifications (2015)

We present a counterexample-guided inductive synthesis approach to controller synthesis for cyber-physical systems subject to signal temporal logic (STL) specifications, operating in potentially adversarial nondeterministic environments. We encode STL specifications as mixed integer-linear constraints on the variables of a discrete-time model of the system and environment dynamics, and solve a series of optimization problems to yield a satisfying control sequence. We demonstrate how the scheme can be used in a receding horizon fashion to fulfill properties over unbounded horizons, and present experimental results for reactive controller synthesis for case studies in building climate control and autonomous driving.
The Changing Face of Histology: An Old Idea for a New Era (2016)

Curricular reform in medical education and a desire to use novel educational strategies that enhance student's appreciation of clinical reasoning, disease diagnosis, treatment, and global health, within a competency based framework, has resulted in a reduction in the number of hours allotted for the basic sciences, particularly histology. This trend across medical education was partly aided by the existence of computer‐assisted instruction designed to enhance or replace traditional teaching methods. One such strategy was the introduction of the Virtual Microscope in histology, a computer‐based program enabling viewing, navigating, and annotation of digital slides of thin sections of tissues and organs. With this tool in hand it became easy to manipulate histology into different teaching venues. With the introduction of new curricular additions into the first year curriculum, it became necessary to decrease the number of hours of some courses and to integrate others. At Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, histology (22 hrs) was integrated into the Structures course (nine‐weeks; 140 hours), which includes gross anatomy and embryology (18 hrs). The idea of merging these three disciplines is not new; Flexner stated in 1910, “… in addition to gross anatomy the student must make out under the microscope normal cellular structures and grasp the whole process of human development. Histology and embryology are essential aspects of anatomical study.” (Flexner Report, p. 25) What is new is the reduction in hours and the time in which the course material is taught. We present here the histology for the new era.
Monoclonal anti-idiotypic and anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies from mice immunized with a protective monoclonal antibody against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>. (1988)

To study the role of idiotypic anti-idiotypic interactions in schistosomiasis, mice were immunized with a mAb, E.1, which bound to soluble egg and larval stage Ag and also passively transferred resistance to cercarial challenge in mice. Subsequently, hybridomas were produced from E.1 immunized mice and tested for the ability to inhibit E.1 binding to soluble egg Ag. The results showed that anti-idiotypic mAb (Ab2) were produced. The range of inhibitory activity was from 33 to 100%. By using a direct Ab2 binding assay, the Ab2 were shown to be idiotypic specific, not isotype specific. It was also found that six of the hybridomas bound to soluble egg Ag and were therefore anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3). Ab3 were shown to be inhibited from binding to soluble egg Ag by Ab2. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that an in vivo network relevant to an infectious organism has been reproduced in vitro such that both Ab2 and Ab3 were produced from the same animals independent of exposure to parasite Ag.
See-Through <inline-formula><tex-math>$\hbox{Ga}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Solar-Blind Photodetectors for Use in Harsh Environments (2014)

This paper demonstrates the high-temperature operation of fully transparent solar-blind deep ultraviolet (DUV) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) employing β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin films with transmittance up to 80% from 400 to 900 nm without image blurring. Even at a bias up to 200 V, the β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> MSM PDs show dark current as low as ~1 nA. The dark current of β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> MSM PDs under significantly different oxygen concentration in the ambiences are similar, indicating that the high inertness to surface effect. Moreover, the responsivity and the working temperature of β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> MSM PDs at 10 V bias are 0.32 mA/W and as high as 700 K, respectively. Full recovery after 700-K operation demonstrates reliability and robustness of β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> PDs. The superior see-through features, electrical tolerance, inertness to surface effect, thermal stability, and solar-blind DUV photoresponse of β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> MSM PDs support the use in next-generation DUV PDs applications under harsh environments.
Two applications of carbon nanotube paste emitters: nano-focus, and high-flux vacuum-sealed x-ray tubes (2018)

The printed carbon nanotube (CNT) paste emitters were applied to two types of vacuum-sealed x-ray tubes for several hundred-nanometer-resolution non-destructive testing (NDT) and cone-beam breast computed tomography (CB-BCT) applications. A single dot CNT emitter of 200 micrometer in diameter was made for a small focal spot size of NDT imaging meanwhile a 983-dots array was for a high current of CB-BCT imaging. The electron beam emitted from the single dot emitter in the nano-focus x-ray tube is strongly focused to a small focal spot size of 1 micrometer or less in diameter by help of electrostatic and magnetic focusing lenses, and the 983 emitters produce a large field emission current over 200 mA with a moderate focal spot, tentatively applicable to CB-BCT imaging. The printed CNT emitters can be used for a variety of electron sources from several hundred-nanometer focusing to high-flux xray tubes.
Growth Kinetic Processes of AlN Molecules on the Al-Polar Surface of AlN (2010)

We studied growth kinetic processes of AlN molecules on the Al-polar surface of AlN using ab initio and Monte Carlo simulations. Molecular processes were presented and analyzed during the nucleation, ripening, and coalescence stages. The results show that the nucleus number decreases as temperature rises due to the increasing diffusion of the molecules. By analyzing the growth time dependence of average cluster size, interface-limited Ostwald ripening is found to be the main ripening mechanism when the temperature is lower than 1773 K. As cluster-corner crossing diffusion is limited, the growth is fractal-like extension, and the coalescence is achieved through adhesion of clusters, leading to a generally continuous morphology with some vacancies and closure failures, which is in good agreement with our experimental results. Moreover, coverage/temperature kinetic phase diagrams under different deposition rates are presented (from 0.025 to 0.1 ML/s). Our finding suggests that a temperature higher than 1800 K is crucial for growth of an ideal atomic-scale Al-polar AlN surface.
Metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, cysteine-rich proteins MDC2 and MDC3: novel human cellular disintegrins highly expressed in the brain (1998)

Cellular disintegrins are a family of membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and are potential regulators of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. The members of this protein family are also called ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) or MDC proteins (metalloproteinase-like disintegrin-like cysteine-rich), because they all contain disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase-like domains. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequence analysis of two novel additional members of this family, which we have termed MDC2 and MDC3. The deduced amino acid sequences reveal that the two proteins possess typical cellular disintegrin structures [that is, pro-, metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, cysteine-rich, epidermal growth factor-like, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains] and exhibit high sequence similarity with human MDC/ADAM11 protein [Katagiri, Harada, Emi and Nakamura (1995) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 68, 39–44]. A zinc-binding motif, which is critical for proteinase activity, is disrupted in the metalloproteinase-like domain of MDC2 and MDC3, as well as MDC/ADAM11. In the disintegrin-like domain of snake venom short disintegrins, the RDG-containing loops are critical for integrin binding. These three MDCs do not contain the RDG sequences, but the corresponding loops in these proteins are similar to each other. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNAs of MDC2, MDC3 and MDC/ADAM11 are highly expressed in the brain. These findings suggest that these proteins may function as integrin ligands in the brain.
Efficient linear controller design for power electronic converters (2010)

This paper presents a method for designing linear controllers to achieve robust tracking and disturbance rejection properties. Wide range of references and disturbances such as step and sinusoid forms are covered. The proposed control structure comprises a combination of state-feedback and output-feedback strategies. The output-feedback structure is selected based on the internal model principle and the whole set of gains is calculated using a modified version of linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The proposed method is particularly suited for designing linear controllers for power electronic converters. The proposed method enjoys the following advantages: the design stage is easy and algorithmic without stability concerns, and the designed loop has good robustness features. Two examples that are studied in this paper are a grid-connected three-phase, and a single-phase hybrid stand-alone renewable energy systems.
The effectiveness of a mixture of β‐carotene, α‐tocopherol, glutathione, and ascorbic acid for cancer prevention (1993)

Previous studies have shown that beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol can act synergistically to inhibit the growth of experimentally induced oral cancer. The initial studies on the synergistic anticancer activity of antioxidants have been extended to include reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. Sixty male hamsters (4-5 wks old) were divided into six equal groups. Groups 1-6 were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (0.5% solution). Group 2 received a mixture containing equal amounts of beta-carotene, dl-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione, and l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (12.5 micrograms) delivered orally by pipette. Groups 3-6 were treated with beta-carotene alone (50 micrograms), vitamin E alone (50 micrograms), glutathione (50 micrograms) alone, and vitamin C alone (50 micrograms). Animals were euthanized at 12 and 14 weeks. Tumors were counted and measured, and tumor burden was calculated for each experimental group. The mixture of antioxidants significantly reduced tumor burden, whereas the beta-carotene, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione treatments also reduced tumor burden. beta-Carotene and glutathione provided greater levels of chemoprevention than vitamin E as single agents. In contrast, vitamin C treatment produced no antitumor effect but increased tumor burden by Week 14. This mixture of antioxidants produced a significant synergistic chemoprevention of oral cancer.
A Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Proposal (1998)

: The IETF Mobile IPv6 protocol has been developped to manage global (macro) mobility. It is not adapted to local (micro) mobility since it does not support any kind of hierarchy. This report presents a hierarchical protocol, built on top of Mobile IPv6, that separates local mobility (within a site) from global mobility (across sites) management. Local handoffs are managed locally and transparently to a mobile node&apos;correspondent hosts while global mobility is managed with Mobile IPv6. Our scheme is flexible (several levels can be used), scalable, interworks with Mobile IPv6 and can be deployed gradually. Key-words: Mobility, Mobile IP, IPv6, Internet (Resume : tsvp) Email : claude.castelluccia@inrialpes.fr Unite de recherche INRIA Rhone-Alpes 655, avenue de l&apos;Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN (France) Telephone : 04 76 61 52 00 - International: +33 4 76 61 52 00 Telecopie : 04 76 61 52 52 - International: +33 4 76 61 52 Mobile IPv6 Hi erarchique R esum e : Le protocole Mobile ...
Management development programs: The effects of management level and corporate strategy (1994)

Abstract In this study of 155 organizations, the relationship between management development programs, managerial level, and organizational strategy was examined. Limited support was established for Katz's theory about skill requirements for managers (1974). Greater emphasis was placed on technical skills at lower management levels and on entrepreneurial skills at senior management levels. A relationship between corporate strategy and the focus of management development programs also was found. Although organizations with growth strategies focused on many management development areas to a greater extent than did organizations with stability or retrenchment strategies, there were no differences in the focus on ethical decision making or technical‐skills training between the three strategies. Implications for management and for future research are also discussed.
A 16-channel AC/DC array coil for anesthetized monkey whole-brain imaging at 7T (2019)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in monkeys is important for bridging the gap between invasive animal brain studies and non-invasive human brain studies. To resolve the finer functional structure of the monkey brain, ultra-high-field (UHF) MR is essential, and high-performance, close-fitting RF receive coils are typically desired to fully leverage the intrinsic gains provided by UHF MRI. Moreover, static field (B0) inhomogeneity arising from the tissue susceptibility interface is more severe at UHF, presenting an obstacle to achieving high-resolution fMRI. B0 shim of the monkey head is challenging due to its smaller size and more complex sources of B0 offsets in multi-modal imaging tasks. In the present work, we have customized an array coil for lightly-anesthetized monkey fMRI in the 7T human scanner that combines RF and multi-coil (MC) B0 shim functionality (also referred to as AC/DC coils) to provide high imaging SNR and high-spatial-order, rapidly switchable B0-shim capability. Additional space was retained on the coil to render it compatible with monkey multi-modal imaging studies. Both MC global (whole-volume) and dynamic (slice-optimized) shim methods were tested and evaluated, and the benefits of MC shim for fMRI experiments was also studied. A minor reduction in RF coil performance was found after introducing additional B0 shim circuitry. However, the proposed RF coil provided higher image SNR and more uniform contrast compared to a commercially available coil for human knee imaging. Compared with static 2nd-order shim, the B0 inhomogeneity was reduced by 56.8%, and 95-percentile B0 offset was reduced to within 28.2 Hz through MC shim, versus 68.7 Hz with 2nd-order static shim. As a result, functional image quality could be improved, and brain activation can be better detected using the proposed AC/DC monkey coil.
Downhole fiber optic sensing: the oilfield service provider's perspective (2004)

There is increasing interest in the petroleum industry in the application of fiber-optic sensing techniques. In this paper, we review which sensing technologies are being adopted downhole and the drivers for this deployment. We describe the performance expectations (accuracy, resolution, stability and operational lifetime) that the oil companies and the oil service companies have for fiber-optic sensing systems. We also describe the environmental conditions (high hydrostatic pressures, high temperatures, shock, vibration, crush, and chemical attack) that these systems must tolerate in order to provide reliable and economically attractive reservoir-performance monitoring solutions.
Introduction (1991)

In the fourteen years before the outbreak of the First World War working men and (to a much lesser extent) women made their presence felt in the public arena of most European countries. Sometimes their intervention was explosive, dramatic and violent, as in the 'tragic week in Barcelona' in 1909, when anarchists and the authorities clashed; 'red week' in June 1914, which saw rioting and clashes with the police on the part of workers in several regions of Italy; and most impressively of all the upheavals of the Russian Revolution of 1905–6. More commonly and on an ever increasing scale, labour confronted its employers in strike action to defend or improve wages and working conditions. In France there were never fewer than 500 industrial disputes in any year between 1900 and 1915, and some of the largest were national in scale. German employees articulated their grievances in ever greater numbers, with 681,000 taking part in strikes in 1910 and over 1 million in the peak year of 1912. The previous year had seen the first nation-wide rail strike in Britain, where even more workers downed tools in the following twelve months [24; 93; 150; 220].
Scrutiny of Annexin A1 Mediated Membrane−Membrane Interaction by Means of a Thickness Shear Mode Resonator and Computer Simulations (2004)

The dissipational quartz crystal microbalance (D-QCM) technology was applied to monitor the adsorption of vesicles to membrane-bound annexin A1 by simultaneously reading out the shifts in resonance frequency and dissipation. Solid-supported membranes (SSMs) composed of a chemisorbed octanethiol monolayer and a physisorbed 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine monolayer were immobilized on the gold electrode of a 5 MHz quartz plate. Adsorption and desorption of annexin A1 to the SSM was followed by means of the QCM technique. After nonbound annexin A1 was removed from solution, the second membrane binding was monitored by the D-QCM technique, which allowed distinguishing between adsorbed and ruptured vesicles. The results show that vesicles stay always intact independent of the amount of bound annexin and the vesicle and buffer composition. It was shown that the vesicle adsorption process to membrane-bound annexin A1 is fully irreversible and is mediated by two-dimensional annexin clusters. For N-terminally truncated annexin A1, a decrease in the amount of bound vesicles was observed, which might be the result of fewer binding sites presented by the annexin A1 core. Supported by computer simulations, the results demonstrate that the vesicle adsorption process is electrostatically driven, but compared to those of sole electrostatic binding, the rate constants of adsorption are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller, indicating the presence of a potential barrier.
Prediction of antisense oligonucleotide binding affinity and activity in cell culture (2003)

The authors have developed a method that uses RNA secondary structure prediction and an appropriate thermodynamic cycle to predict the free energy of hybridization between an antisense oligonucleotide and its target mRNA. They applied this method to determine, theoretically, the oligonucleotides which bind most strongly to the rabbit /spl beta/-globin (RBG) mRNA, for which a large experimental data set is available. The model accurately predicts the trend in binding affinity and, more importantly, identifies the highest binding affinity sequences quite accurately (six out of the highest ten). Recent data indicate that the method also yields sequences that inhibit the production of the gp130 cytokine signaling protein in the H35 rat hepatoma cell line.
Direct-write fabrication of integrated, multilayer passive components (2003)

The need for advanced electronic components and packages with smaller size, greater functionality, and enhanced reliability requires the ability to integrate electronic ceramics in complex 3D architectures. However, traditional tape casting and screen printing approaches are poorly suited to the requirements of rapid prototyping and small-lot manufacturing. To address this need, we are developing a direct-write approach for fabrication of highly integrated, multilayer components using a micropen to deposit slurries in precise patterns. This approach provides the ability to fabricate multifunctional, multimaterial integrated components (MMICCs) quickly and easily. Commercial ceramic and metal thick films can be used directly in the system, as can filled polymer thick-film pastes. With this system, we have made custom resistor networks, integrated RC filters, flat inductors, and multi-turn voltage transformers.
Selectivity of Inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ Exchange of Heart Mitochondria by Benzothiazepine CGP-37157 (1993)

The objective was to determine if the benzothiazepine compound CGP-37157 selectively inhibits the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger of cardiac mitochondria without affecting the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel, the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, or the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase of the cardiac sarcolemma, or the Ca(2+)-ATPase of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity was determined by monitoring intramitochondrial free [Ca2+] in isolated heart mitochondria loaded with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorophore fura-2. CGP-37157 inhibited the activity of mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 0.36 microM). Calcium currents were recorded by whole-cell voltage clamp in isolated neonatal ventricular myocytes. Diltiazem was able to block the recorded current completely, thus confirming the current to be exclusively L-type. CGP-37157 had no effect on the calcium current recorded under identical conditions. CGP-37157, at concentrations < or = 10 microM, had no effect on the activities of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in isolated cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles or on activity of the Ca(2+)-ATPase in isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The data suggest that CGP-37157 is a potent, selective, and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange at concentrations < or = 10 microM.
A Survey on 3D Ultrasound Reconstruction Techniques (2019)

This book chapter aims to discuss the 3D ultrasound reconstruction and visualization. First, the various types of 3D ultrasound system are reviewed, such as mechanical, 2D array, position tracking-based freehand, and untracked-based freehand. Second, the 3D ultrasound reconstruction technique or pipeline used by the current existing system, which includes the data acquisition, data preprocessing, reconstruction method and 3D visualization, is discussed. The reconstruction method and 3D visualization will be emphasized. The reconstruction method includes the pixel-based method, volume-based method, and function-based method, accompanied with their benefits and drawbacks. In the 3D visualization, methods such as multiplanar reformatting, volume rendering, and surface rendering are presented. Lastly, its application in the medical field is reviewed as well.