gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Zinc Ions,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and Thiols in Living Tissues (2013)

Mitochondria provide the energy of the cells and are the primary site of oxygen consumption and the major source of reactive oxygen species. In mitochondria, metal ions and glutathione play vital roles in maintaining their structure and the redox environment. To understand their roles in mitochondria, it is crucial to monitor each of these chemical species in the mitochondria at the cell, tissue, and organism levels. An ideal tool for such purpose is the use of two-photon microscopy (TPM). Until recently, however, there has been no report on the two-photon (TP) probes suitable for such applications. In this paper, we summarize the mitochondria-targeted TP probes for Zn(2+), H(2)O(2), and thiols, as well as their bioimaging applications.
Broadband frequency ECR ion source concepts with large resonant plasma volumes (1995)

New techniques are proposed for enhancing the performances of ECR ion sources. The techniques are based on the use of high-power, variable-frequency, multiple-discrete-frequency, or broadband microwave radiation, derived from standard TWT technology, to effect large resonant ``volume`` ECR sources. The creation of a large ECR plasma ``volume`` permits coupling of more power into the plasma, resulting in the heating of a much larger electron population to higher energies, the effect of which is to produce higher charge state distributions and much higher intensities within a particular charge state than possible in present forms of the ECR ion source. If successful, these developments could significantly impact future accelerator designs and accelerator-based, heavy-ion-research programs by providing multiply-charged ion beams with the energies and intensities required for nuclear physics research from existing ECR ion sources. The methods described in this article can be used to retrofit any ECR ion source predicated on B-minimum plasma confinement techniques.
The Role of Molecular Modeling & Simulation in the Discovery and Deployment of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation (2019)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly tunable, extended-network, crystalline, nanoporous materials with applications in gas storage, separations, and sensing. We review how molecular models and simulations of gas adsorption in MOFs have informed the discovery of performant MOFs for methane, hydrogen, and oxygen storage, xenon, carbon dioxide, and chemical warfare agent capture, and xylene enrichment. Particularly, we highlight how large, open databases of MOF crystal structures, post-processed to enable molecular simulations, are a platform for computational materials discovery. We discuss how to orient research efforts to routinize the computational discovery of MOFs for adsorption-based engineering applications.
Sol–Gel Route to Synthesis of Microporous Ceramic Membranes: Thermal Stability of TiO <sub>2</sub> –ZrO <sub>2</sub> Mixed Oxides (1993)

In this paper concerning the synthesis of microporous ceramic membranes, we focus on the preparation and ther‐ mal stability of unsupported microporous TiO 2 ‐ZrO 2 , mixed‐oxide membranes. It has been observed that, by add‐ ing up to 20% ZrO 2 , into TiO 2 , or up to 10% TiO 2 , into ZrO 2 , these microporous membranes display improved thermal stability. They can be fired up to 500°C for 0.5 h without closing micropores. However, membranes containing almost equal percentages of each component have lost microporous features and have low surface areas and low porosities. A phase diagram of a two‐component TiO 2 ‐ ZrO 2 , mixed‐oxide membrane has been prepared based on DTA and X‐ray diffraction data in order to better under‐ stand the microstructure changes upon firing.
Development of Cold Rolled High Strength Steel Sheet with Bake Hardenability and Excellent Deep Drawability (1982)

Effects of carbon and niobium contents, and continuous annealing conditions on mechanical properties, structures and embrittlement of cold rolled steel sheets containing extra low carbon, low niobium and phosphorus have been investigated. The following results are obtained:(1) The steel sheets with Nb/C (atomic ratio) ≤0.5 show high bake hardenability but poor drawability. The steel sheets with 0.7≤Nb/C≤1.2 exhibit excellent deep drawability and high bake hardenability originated in solution of niobium carbides by annealing at over 850°C. (2) For maintaining high bake hardenability, rapid cooling is effective especially at near 750°C and at near 300°C. (3) Cold-work embrittlement due to adding phosphorus can be prevented by means of leaving a small amount of solute carbon in steel sheets through the rapid cooling at the above temperature ranges. Critical content of phosphorus (Per) causing cold-work embrittlement can be expressed in terms of the ageing index as follows.Per(wt%)=0.04·AI+0.045(AI: Ageing index (kgf/mm2), Cooling rate:≥1°C/s)Based on the above results, the cold rolled high strength steel sheet with bake hardenability and excellent deep drawability (r=2.3) has been produced_in a continuous annealing line.
DATALITE: a distributed architecture for traffic analysis via light-weight traffic digest (2007)

In this paper, we propose DATALITE, a Distributed Architecture for Traffic Analysis via LIght-weight Traffic digEst, which introduces a set of new distributed algorithms and protocols to support general Traffic Measurement and Analysis (TMA) functions for large-scale, 10Gbps+ packet-switched networks. We formulate the network-wide traffic measurement/ analysis problem as a series of set-cardinality-determination (SCD) problems. By leveraging recent advances in probabilistic distinct sample counting techniques, the set-cardinalities, and thus, the network-wide traffic measurements of interest can be computed in a distributed manner via the exchange of extremely light-weight traffic digests (TD’s) amongst the network nodes. A TD for N packets only requires O(loglog N) bits of memory storage.
Uncertainty Visualization in Medical Volume Rendering Using Probabilistic Animation (2007)

Direct Volume Rendering has proved to be an effective visualization method for medical data sets and has reached wide-spread clinical use. The diagnostic exploration, in essence, corresponds to a tissue classification task, which is often complex and time-consuming. Moreover, a major problem is the lack of information on the uncertainty of the classification, which can have dramatic consequences for the diagnosis. In this paper this problem is addressed by proposing animation methods to convey uncertainty in the rendering. The foundation is a probabilistic Transfer Function model which allows for direct user interaction with the classification. The rendering is animated by sampling the probability domain over time, which results in varying appearance for uncertain regions. A particularly promising application of this technique is a "sensitivity lens" applied to focus regions in the data set. The methods have been evaluated by radiologists in a study simulating the clinical task of stenosis assessment, in which the animation technique is shown to outperform traditional rendering in terms of assessment accuracy.
Abusive Language Detection in Online User Content (2016)

Detection of abusive language in user generated online content has become an issue of increasing importance in recent years. Most current commercial methods make use of blacklists and regular expressions, however these measures fall short when contending with more subtle, less ham-fisted examples of hate speech. In this work, we develop a machine learning based method to detect hate speech on online user comments from two domains which outperforms a state-of-the-art deep learning approach. We also develop a corpus of user comments annotated for abusive language, the first of its kind. Finally, we use our detection tool to analyze abusive language over time and in different settings to further enhance our knowledge of this behavior.
AUTOMATED HARVESTING OF BURLEY TOBACCO I. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (1990)

ABSTRACT A fully automated system for harvesting and handling mature buriey tobacco has been developed. This article identifies the operations essential to this harvesting concept and describes the development of the mechanisms by which they were accomplished. The system detaches, inverts and places mature plants into portable holders for air curing under waterproof covering without requiring any manual handling of the crop. Manual labor currently required to harvest buriey tobacco would be reduced by 80-85% and the system would eliminate the drudgery associated with manual handling. The harvesting system has an approximate capacity of 1.4 to 2.0 ha/day (3.5 to 5.0 ac/day) and is operated by two workers.
Behavioural studies on the potential of NMDA receptor antagonists as analgesics (2002)

Neuropathic pain in man may result from various insults to peripheral and central nerves, including mechanical compression (for example by tumours), treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, traumatic injury (such as limb amputation), herpes zoster infection and diabetes. These conditions are often poorly controlled by opioid analgesics [1] or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [2]. Recent attention has, therefore, focused on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for the treatment of neuropathic pain and other pain states. The non-competitive NMDA antagonists (ion channel blockers), ketamine [3-7] and dextromethorphan [8], and the competitive antagonist, CPP (3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1phosphonic acid) [9] gave symptomatic relief from a range of painful neuropathies in man (postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury, central pain, phantom limb pain). In addition, ketamine is also effective in relieving postoperative orofacial pain caused by third molar tooth extraction [10], suggesting that NMDA antagonists are also analgesic against inflammatory pain in man.
Surveillance and screening of Barrett's oesophagus (2006)

The management of patients with Barrett's oesophagus is a controversial topic which needs attention in view of the alarming increase in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Current surveillance methods are not cost-effective and better methods for risk stratification are needed. The majority of Barrett's patients are undiagnosed and this has prompted a discussion about a screening programme aimed at detecting all Barrett's patients.
Learning Longer-term Dependencies in RNNs with Auxiliary Losses (2018)

Despite recent advances in training recurrent neural networks (RNNs), capturing long-term dependencies in sequences remains a fundamental challenge. Most approaches use backpropagation through time (BPTT), which is difficult to scale to very long sequences. This paper proposes a simple method that improves the ability to capture long term dependencies in RNNs by adding an unsupervised auxiliary loss to the original objective. This auxiliary loss forces RNNs to either reconstruct previous events or predict next events in a sequence, making truncated backpropagation feasible for long sequences and also improving full BPTT. We evaluate our method on a variety of settings, including pixel-by-pixel image classification with sequence lengths up to 16\,000, and a real document classification benchmark. Our results highlight good performance and resource efficiency of this approach over competitive baselines, including other recurrent models and a comparable sized Transformer. Further analyses reveal beneficial effects of the auxiliary loss on optimization and regularization, as well as extreme cases where there is little to no backpropagation.
Understanding disentangling in $\beta$-VAE (2018)

We present new intuitions and theoretical assessments of the emergence of\ndisentangled representation in variational autoencoders. Taking a\nrate-distortion theory perspective, we show the circumstances under which\nrepresentations aligned with the underlying generative factors of variation of\ndata emerge when optimising the modified ELBO bound in $\\beta$-VAE, as training\nprogresses. From these insights, we propose a modification to the training\nregime of $\\beta$-VAE, that progressively increases the information capacity of\nthe latent code during training. This modification facilitates the robust\nlearning of disentangled representations in $\\beta$-VAE, without the previous\ntrade-off in reconstruction accuracy.\n
Method and apparatus for fitting of a hearing aid and associated probe with distance measuring means (1992)

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Continuous speech recognition from phonetic transcription (1989)

Previous research by the authors has been directed toward phonetic transcription of fluent speech. We have applied our techniques to speech recognition on the DARPA Resource Management Task. In order to perform speech recognition, however, the phonetic transcription must be interpreted as a sequence of words. A central component of this process is lexical access for which a novel method is proposed.
Electrospinning Technique for Fabrication of Coaxial Nanofibers of Semiconductive Polymers (2022)

In this work, the electrospinning technique is used to fabricate a polymer-polymer coaxial structure nanofiber from the p-type regioregular polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and the n-type conjugated ladder polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) of orthogonal solvents. Generally, the fabrication of polymeric coaxial nanostructures tends to be troublesome. Using the electrospinning technique, P3HT was successfully used as the core, and the BBL as the shell, thus conceptually forming a p-n junction that is cylindrical in form with diameters in a range from 280 nm to 2.8 µm. The UV-VIS of P3HT/PS blend solution showed no evidence of separation or precipitation, while the combined solutions of P3HT/PS and BBL were heterogeneous. TEM images show a well-formed coaxial structure that is normally not expected due to rapid reaction and solidification when mixed in vials in response to orthogonal solubility. For this reason, extruding it by using electrostatic forces promoted a quick elongation of the polymers while forming a concise interface. Single nanofiber electrical characterization demonstrated the conductivity of the coaxial surface of ~1.4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S/m. Furthermore, electrospinning has proven to be a viable method for the fabrication of pure semiconducting coaxial nanofibers that can lead to the desired fabrication of fiber-based electronic devices.
Extracellular Matrix Powder Protects Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a group of lung diseases characterized by inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and excessive collagen deposition. Although the mechanisms underlying pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood, current evidence suggests that epithelial injury contributes to the development of fibrosis. Regenerative medicine approaches using extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been shown to promote site-specific tissue remodeling. This led to the hypothesis that particulate ECM would promote normal tissue repair and attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice were treated intratracheally with bleomycin or saline with or without a particulate form of ECM scaffold from porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM-ECM) or enzymatically digested UBM-ECM. Mice were sacrificed 5 and 14 days after exposure. Compared to control mice, bleomycin-exposed mice had similar increases in inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid regardless of UBM-ECM treatment. However, 14 days after exposure, lung histology and collagen levels revealed that mice treated with bleomycin and the particulate or digested UBM-ECM had negligible fibrosis, whereas mice given only bleomycin had marked fibrosis. Administration of the particulate UBM-ECM 24 h after bleomycin exposure also significantly protected against pulmonary injury. In vitro epithelial cell migration and wound healing assays revealed that particulate UBM-ECM promoted epithelial cell chemotaxis and migration. This suggests that promotion of epithelial wound repair may be one mechanism in which UBM-ECM limits pulmonary fibrosis.
ARIA, an Arabidopsis Arm Repeat Protein Interacting with a Transcriptional Regulator of Abscisic Acid-Responsive Gene Expression, Is a Novel Abscisic Acid Signaling Component (2004)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains more than 90 armadillo (arm) repeat proteins. However, their functions are largely unknown. Here, we report that an Arabidopsis arm repeat protein is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) response. We carried out two-hybrid screens to identify signaling components that modulate ABA-responsive gene expression. Employing a transcription factor, ABF2, which controls the ABA-dependent gene expression via the G-box type ABA-responsive elements, we isolated an arm repeat protein. The ABF2-interacting protein, designated as ARIA (arm repeat protein interacting with ABF2), has another conserved sequence motif, BTB/POZ (broad complex, tramtrak, and bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger) domain, in the C-terminal region. The physiological relevance of ABF2-ARIA interaction was supported by their similar expression patterns and similar subcellular localization. Plants overexpressing ARIA are hypersensitive to ABA and high osmolarity during germination and insensitive to salt during subsequent seedling growth. By contrast, an ARIA knockout mutant exhibits ABA and glucose insensitivities. Changes in the expression levels of several ABF2-regulated genes were also observed in ARIA overexpression lines, indicating that ARIA modulates the transcriptional activity of ABF2. Together, our data indicate that ARIA is a positive regulator of ABA response.
Risk Rank Analysis Method for Vulnerabilities in a Network System (2019)

<p><em>Prioritizing on most critical weaknesses in a network system at the correct time is a very important role in network security administration. Due to the complexity and high unpredictability of exploitations it is hard to decide which vulnerabilities and which IP s are at the highest risk at a particular time. Present study proposes a new methodology that enables network administrators to rank vulnerabilities based on the probability of being exploited at a given time using the Markovian process. Markovian process allows us to iterate a transition probability matrix for a network system consisting identified or discovered vulnerabilities. This process result in a steady state with probabilities that a vulnerability will be exploited. Similar approach is used here to develop a risk rank model. Well known Google Page Rank Algorithm also uses a similar approach in estimating the probability of a web surfer reaching a particular webpage. Same concept can be used with several modifications to estimate and rank the risk level of each vulnerability in a network system. New methodology is presented with an example of a small network model with three vulnerabilities.</em></p>
Flow Patterns in a Flow-Stretch-Flexure Bioreactor System: Implications for the Conditioning of Engineered Heart Valve Tissue (2009)

In heart valve tissue engineering, there is general agreement that appropriate mechanical conditioning may provide the necessary stimuli to promote proper tissue formation [1–3]. For example, in combined flow-flexure-stretch (FSF) studies conducted in our laboratory [4], we demonstrated that flow or flexure bio-mechanical conditioning alone only produced marginally enhanced mass and quality of the engineered tissue. However, combined fluid and flexural stresses resulted in substantially larger de-novo synthesized tissue mass accumulations rates. Interestingly, surface fluid induced stresses acting on the forming tissue/scaffold were the sole difference in the mechanical environment under combined stimulation regimes. However, combined flow and flexural modes of biomechanical conditioning produce highly complex local flow patterns. Understanding these patterns can help identify specific fluid-induced shear characteristics that can potentially be responsible for improving tissue formation in tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs). In the present study, we developed a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to simulate the motion of rectangular scaffold strips housed in the bioreactor. In order to maximize the benefits of flow-based conditioning at physiological scales that emulates the native valve environment, we also present our efforts in designing a new FSF bioreactor system.
The herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein ICP0 affects transcription from the viral genome and infected-cell survival in the absence of ICP4 and ICP27 (1997)

ICP4, ICP0, and ICP27 are the immediate-early (IE) regulatory proteins of herpes simplex virus that have the greatest effect on viral gene expression and growth. Comparative analysis of viral mutants defective in various subsets of these IE genes should help elucidate how these proteins affect cellular and viral processes. This study focuses on the mutant d97, which is defective for the genes encoding ICP4, ICP0, and ICP27 and expresses the bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene from the ICP0 promoter. Together with the d92 virus (ICP4- ICP27-) and the ICP0-complementing cell line L7, d97 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate ICP0 function in the absence of the regulatory activities specified by ICP4 and ICP27. The pattern of protein synthesis in d97-infected cells was unique relative to other IE gene mutants in that it was similar to that seen in the absence of prior viral protein synthesis, possibly approximating the effect of cellular factors and virion components alone. Inactivation of ICP0 in the absence of ICP4 produced a significant decrease in the levels of the early mRNAs ICP6 and thymidine kinase (tk). There was also a marginal reduction in the levels of the IE ICP22 mRNA, and this was most notable at low multiplicity of infection (MOI). In d97-infected L7 cells, the levels of the viral mRNAs were mostly restored to those observed in infections with d92. Nuclear runoff transcription analysis demonstrated that the presence of ICP0 resulted in an increase in the transcription rates of the analyzed genes. The transcription rates of the early genes were dramatically reduced in the absence of ICP0. At low MOI, the transcription rates of ICP6 and tk were comparable to the rate of transcription of a cellular gene. Relevant to the potential use of d97 as a transfer vector, it was also determined that the absence of ICP0 reduced the cellular toxicity of the virus compared to that of d92. The beta-gal transgene expressed from an IE promoter was detected for up to 14 days postinfection; however, the level of beta-gal expression declined dramatically after 1 day postinfection. In the presence of ICP0, the level of expression of beta-gal was increased; however the infected monolayer was destroyed by 3 days postinfection. Therefore, deletion of ICP0 in the absence of ICP4 and ICP27 reduces toxicity and lowers the level of expression of genes from the viral genome.
Portable Passive Millimeter-Wave Sensor for Detecting Concealed Weapons and Explosives Hidden on a Human Body (2013)

This paper describes a portable passive millimeter-wave sensor designed for remote detection of both metallic and non-metallic objects hidden on a human body under cloth. The sensor is based on a directly detection and analyses of the energy emitted by a human body. The algorithm of detection estimates unimodality features of traces recorded in the process of a manual scan. The sensor demonstrates a detection probability in the laboratory environment close to 100% at a distance of up to 3 m for the tested samples of explosives and metal objects hidden under cloth.