gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavenet based low rate speech coding (2017)

Traditional parametric coding of speech facilitates low rate but provides poor reconstruction quality because of the inadequacy of the model used. We describe how a WaveNet generative speech model can be used to generate high quality speech from the bit stream of a standard parametric coder operating at 2.4 kb/s. We compare this parametric coder with a waveform coder based on the same generative model and show that approximating the signal waveform incurs a large rate penalty. Our experiments confirm the high performance of the WaveNet based coder and show that the speech produced by the system is able to additionally perform implicit bandwidth extension and does not significantly impair recognition of the original speaker for the human listener, even when that speaker has not been used during the training of the generative model.
1-Alkyl-4-acylpiperazines as a New Class of Imidazole-Free Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Antagonists (2004)

With the aim of identifying structurally novel, centrally acting histamine H(3) antagonists, arrays of monoacyldiamines were screened. This led to the discovery of a series of 1-alkyl-4-acylpiperazines which were potent antagonists at the human histamine H(3) receptor. The most potent amides had antagonist potencies in the subnanomolar range.
A useful feature-engineering approach for a LVCSR system based on CD-DNN-HMM algorithm (2015)

In this paper, we propose a useful feature-engineering approach for Context-Dependent Deep-Neural-Network Hidden-Markov-Model (CD-DNN-HMM) based Large-Vocabulary-Continuous-Speech-Recognition (LVCSR) systems. The speech recognition performance of a LVCSR system is improved from two feature-engineering perspectives. The first performance improvement is achieved by adopting the intra/inter-frame feature subsets when the Gaussian-Mixture-Model (GMM) HMMs for the HMM state-level alignment are built. And the second performance gain is then followed with the additional features augmenting the front-end of the DNN. We evaluate the effectiveness of our feature-engineering approach under a series of Korean speech recognition tasks (isolated single-syllable recognition with a medium-sized speech corpus and conversational speech recognition with a large-sized database) using the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit. The results show that the proposed feature-engineering approach outperforms the traditional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCCs) GMM + Mel-frequency filter-bank output DNN method.
Glycosylation of Homologous Immunodominant Proteins of <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> (2000)

The glycoprotein genes of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (1,644 bp) and Ehrlichia canis (2,064 bp) encode proteins of 548 to 688 amino acids with predicted molecular masses of only 61 and 73 kDa but with electrophoretic mobilities of 120 kDa (P120) and 140 kDa (P140), respectively. The 120-kDa protein gene of E. chaffeensis contains four identical 240-bp tandem repeat units, and the 140-kDa protein gene of E. canis has 14 nearly identical, tandemly arranged 108-bp repeat units. Conserved serine-rich motifs identified in the repeat units of P120 and P140 were also found in the repeat units of the human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis agent 130-kDa protein and of the fimbria-associated adhesin protein Fap1 of Streptococcus parasanguis. Nearly the entire (99%) E. chaffeensis P120 gene (1,616 bp), the 14-repeat region (78%) of the E. canis P140 gene (1,620 bp), and a 2-repeat region from the E. chaffeensis P120 gene (520 bp) were expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins exhibited molecular masses ranging from 1.6 to 2 times larger than those predicted by the amino acid sequences. Antibodies against the recombinant proteins reacted with E. chaffeensis P120 and E. canis P140, respectively. Carbohydrate was detected on the E. chaffeensis and E. canis recombinant proteins, including the two-repeat polypeptide region of E. chaffeensis P120. A carbohydrate compositional analysis identified glucose, galactose, and xylose on the recombinant proteins. The presence of only one site for N-linked (Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr) glycosylation, a lack of effect of N-glycosidase F, the presence of 70 and 126 Ser/Thr glycosylation sites in the repeat regions of P120 and P140, respectively, and a high molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein suggest that the glycans may be O linked.
A Three-Phase Integrated Onboard Charger for Plug-In Electric Vehicles (2017)

A three-phase onboard charger, integrated with the propulsion system of a plug-in electric vehicle, is presented. It is constructed by connecting an add-on three-phase power electronics interface to the propulsion system. The propulsion motor is utilized as a coupled DC inductor for the charger. The charging power level of the proposed charger could be as high as that of the propulsion system. The charger topology is capable of three-phase power factor (PF) correction and battery voltage/current regulation. Detailed analyses of the circuit operation and modeling of the circuit are presented. Experimental results of a 3.3-kW three-phase integrated charger, using a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), are provided. A nearly unity PF and 4.77% total harmonic distortion are obtained with a maximum efficiency of 92.6%.
New optimal design strategies and analysis of ultra-low leakage circuits for nano-scale SOI technology (2003)

This paper proposes new SOI circuit strategies for simultaneous reduction of standby gate and sub-threshold leakages. Various enhanced MTCMOS design alternatives are analyzed. A new method for assigning the V/sub TH/ and sizes of header and footer transistors is proposed, and stacking of headers/footers is analyzed. The optimum stacking height and tapering/sizing ratio under various design constraints are determined. Our strategies reduce MTCMOS standby leakage further by as much as 20/spl times/ and reduce virtual supply noise by 15%.
An inactivated hepatitis A viral vaccine of cell culture origin (1986)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain CR326, adapted to grow in LLC-MK2 cells, was highly purified, inactivated with formalin, adsorbed to alum, and tested for capacity to induce antibody to HAV in both mice and marmosets. The minimum dose of HAV antigen necessary to produce antibody in 50% of mice was 10 ng. As little as three doses of 1 ng each produced antibody in 50% of marmosets. Further, all marmosets with any detectable antibody to HAV, as a result of vaccination, were protected against virulent infection on challenge with HAV. Thus a highly efficacious, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can be produced from virus grown in cell culture. Although LLC-MK2 cells are unacceptable for use in human vaccine preparation, HAV can also be prepared in a similar manner in MRC-5 cells, which are acceptable for human vaccine manufacture.
Wavelet-based hybrid neurosystem for feature extractions, characterizations and signal classifications (2002)

This paper presents an efficient method for signal classification from a system of multiple artificial neural networks (ANN) using wavelets. The method performs feature extraction via the wavelet transform of the underlying signal and presents the resulting coefficients to a hybrid neural network for classification. The hybrid network consists of three single neural networks; two of the networks are provided with magnitude and location information of the coefficients, and are trained with self-organizing rules. Their outputs are then presented to the third network for pattern recognition and classification. Experimental results illustrating concept feasibility for acoustic signal classifications are included.
BACK-CALCULATION OF PAVEMENT LAYER MODULI AND FORWARD-CALCULATION OF STRESSES AND STRAINS (2002)

Discussed is the use of the analytical-empirical method in pavement design or evaluation. The method has the following three steps: determination of the moduli of the pavement layers; calculation of the critical stresses or strains under the design loads; and comparison of the critical to permissive values or use of stresses or strains in a deterioration model. If the pavement layer moduli are determined from an inverse analysis of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data, the first two steps of this procedure constitute the analytical part. This paper deals with these two steps in relation to deflections, stresses and strains measured under a FWD.
Abstract 3266: Repurposing clinical kinase inhibitors to enhance chemosensitivity by overriding checkpoints. (2013)

Abstract Many conventional chemotherapies act as DNA damaging agents. Chemotherapy activates cell cycle checkpoint signaling to prevent cells from entering mitosis with either damaged or unreplicated DNA. Based on the observations that interference with the checkpoint mechanism (checkpoint override) results in cell death via mitotic catastrophe, the development of checkpoint inhibitors is actively being pursued as an anti-cancer therapy. In a cell-based screen of clinically relevant kinase inhibitors we identified three compounds that display checkpoint override properties: isomer of bosutinib, a recently FDA-approved Abl and Src inhibitor; BEZ235, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor; and dovitinib, a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Most interestingly, all compounds display off-target activity towards DNA damage checkpoint kinases including Chk1, ATR and Wee1. We determined these kinase inhibitors potently sensitized a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines to S-phase acting (Gemcitabine, cisplatin) or G2-phase arresting (doxorubicin) DNA-damaging agents. Using a combination of live-cell videomicroscopy and immunofluorescence, we demonstrated that the inhibitors forced drug-treated cells to override the DNA damage induced checkpoint activation and aberrantly enter mitosis. The aberrant mitoses had characteristic chromatin fragmentation and that kinetochores and centromeres appeared to be detached from the chromatin mass, in a manner reminiscent of mitosis with unreplicated genomes (MUGs). As a result, cells died either in mitosis or due to mitotic catastrophe. The efficacy of pulsatile (24h and 48h after chemotherapy) administration of these previously unsuspected checkpoint inhibitors was further validated in tumor explants and cells isolated directly from a pancreatic cancer patient who is currently undergoing treatment. Tellingly, xenograft studies showed that gemcitabine and bosutinib isomer had significant activity as single agents but the combination significantly prevented tumor growth, even after drug removal. Our findings suggest that kinase inhibitors targeting cell cycle checkpoints, albeit in an off-target manner, may be fast-tracked into the clinic to enhance the efficacy of standard chemotherapies. Citation Format: Neil Beeharry, Lauren Fink, Eugenia Banina, Vladimir Khazak, Natalia Skobeleva, Jeffrey R. Peterson, Igor Astsaturov, Timothy J. Yen. Repurposing clinical kinase inhibitors to enhance chemosensitivity by overriding checkpoints. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3266
Medium-Voltage SiC-Based Converter Laminated Bus Insulation Design and Assessment (2019)

Laminated bus has been widely used in power converters for decades. Thicker insulation increases parasitic inductance, weight, and size of the bus and decreases cooling performance and power density. Thus, it is desired to have thinner insulation for achieving the desired lifetime. The emerging medium-voltage (MV) SiC-based converters require fast switching transients and high power density, which make the optimal laminated bus design challenging. Since the internal partial discharges (PDs) can significantly degrade insulation, they should be eliminated in the design stage to ensure optimal performance. However, insulation overdesign does not necessarily help remove PD from internal defects and air pockets in the laminated bus. In order to obtain a PD-free laminated bus with thin insulation, this article uses representative structures to show a path for removing internal PDs. This paper presents a systematic approach to remove air pockets and reduce the impact of the unavoidable defects in adhesive layers through theoretical and experimental studies. In addition, a proper material selection and processing method are derived to reduce the size and number of internal defects while leading to a more favorable electric field distribution. The PD experimental results suggest the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A LTV dynamics model for missile guidance and control in the endgame (1992)

A linear time-varying (LTV) model of the endgame phase of an intercept between an autonomously guided air-teair missile and a highly maneuverable aircraft is derived. The model is an explicit function of time-to-intercept (T) and is parameterized by the missile aerodynamic coefficients, missile radome error slope, and the inverse time constant of the target acceleration response. The model is proposed as an analysis tool for investigating the interactions between target state estimation, guidance, and autopilot functions in the missile flight control system.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis promotes liver regeneration (2016)

NAD availability is limiting during liver regeneration, and supplementation with precursors such as NR may be therapeutic in settings of acute liver injury. (Hepatology 2017;65:616-630).
Polarization-Multiplexed Intensity-Modulated Signals Using the Kramers-Kronig Relations (2019)

We propose the use of the Kramers-Kronig relations to generate and detect polarization-multiplexed intensity modulated signals. We demonstrate this approach by transmitting 4GBaud PDM-4PAM signals produced using only electro absorption modulators.
<title>Prostate thermal therapy with interstitial and transurethral ultrasound applicators: a feasibility study</title> (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a transurethral ultrasound applicator in combination with implantable ultrasound applicators for inducing thermal coagulation and necrosis of localized cancer lesions or BPH within the prostate gland. The concept being evaluated is the potential to treat target zones in the anterior and lateral portions of the prostate with the transurethral applicator, while simultaneously treating regions of extracapsular extension and zones in the posterior prostate with the directive implantable applicators in combination with a rectal cooling bolus. Biothermal computer simulations, acoustic characterizations, and in vivo thermal dosimetry experiments were used to evaluate the performance of each applicator type and combinations thereof. The preliminary results of this investigation demonstrate that implantable ultrasound applicators, in combination with a transurethral ultrasound applicator, have the potential to provide thermal coagulation and necrosis of small or large regions within the prostate gland, while sparing thermally sensitive rectal tissue.
Two-photon excitation microfluorometer for multiplexed single-step bioaffinity assays (2002)

A new type of instrumentation for single-step bioaffinity assays and microvolume fluorometry is presented. The concept is based on the use of two-photon excitation by a low-cost near-infrared laser and individual observation of bioactive fluorescent microparticles. The applicability of the instrument is demonstrated by a microparticle based multiplexed bioaffinity assay where several fluorescent markers are simultaneously excited. This instrument can be applied in the growing fields of drug discovery, in life science research, and in routine laboratory diagnostics.
Synthesis of a New Conjugated Polymer Composed of Pyrene and Bithiophene Units for Organic Solar Cells (2011)

An alternating conjugated copolymer composed of pyrene and bithiophene units, poly(DHBT-alt-PYR) has been synthesized. The synthesized polymer was found to exhibit good solution processibility and thermal stability, losing less than 5% of their weight on heating to approximately 370 degrees C. The synthesized polymer showed its maximum absorption and peak PL emission at 401 and 548 nm, respectively. The optical band gap energy of the polymer was determined by absorption onset to be 2.64 eV. Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the polymer was determined to be -5.48 and -2.84 eV by cyclic voltametry (CV) and the optical band gap. The polymer photovoltaic devices were fabricated with a typical sandwich structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/LiF/Al using poly(DHBT-alt-PYR) as an electron donor and C60-PCBM or C70-PCBM as electron acceptors. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor of the device using C70-PCBM as an acceptor were 0.75 V, 3.80 mA/cm2 and 0.28, respectively, and the maximum power conversion efficiency of the device was 0.80%.
Quantitative study of optical and mechanical bone status using multispectral photoacoustics (2015)

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Here, we present a quantitative multispectral photoacoustic method for the evaluation of bone pathologies which has significant advantages over pure ultrasonic or pure optical methods as it provides both molecular information and bone mechanical status. This is enabled via a simultaneous measurement of the bone's optical properties as well as the speed of sound and ultrasonic attenuation in the bone. To test the method's quantitative predictions, a combined ultrasonic and photoacoustic system was developed. Excitation was performed optically via a portable triple laser-diode system and acoustically via a single element transducer. Additional dual transducers were used for detecting the acoustic waves that were generated by the two modalities. Both temporal and spectral parameters were compared between different excitation wavelengths and measurement modalities. Short photoacoustic excitation wavelengths allowed sensing of the cortical layer while longer wavelengths produced results which were compatible with the quantitative ultrasound measurements.
Holographic Temporal Focusing for 3D Photo-activation With Single Neuron Resolution (2017)

We propose a new technique for two-photon optogenetic photostimulation that combines 3D holography and temporal focusing to enable single neuron spatial resolution throughout a large volume. Experiments are done in mouse brain tissue.
Development of a temporal multiplexed 3D beam-scanning Lissajous trajectory microscope for rapid multimodal volumetric imaging (2016)

A beam-scanning microscope is described based on a temporally multiplexed Lissajous trajectory for achieving 1 kHz frame rate 3D imaging. The microscope utilizes two fast-scan resonant mirrors to direct the optical beam on a circuitous, Lissajous trajectory through the field of view. Acquisition of two simultaneous focal planes is achieved by implementation of an optical delay line, producing a second incident beam at a different focal plane relative to the initial incident beam. High frame rates are achieved by separating the full time-domain data into shorter sub-trajectories resulting in undersampling of the field of view. A model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) 3D in-painting algorithm is utilized for interpolating the missing data to recover full images. The MBIR algorithm uses a maximum a posteriori estimation with a generalized Gaussian Markov random field prior model for image interpolation. Because images are acquired using photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes, parallelization for multi-channel imaging is straightforward. Preliminary results obtained using a Lissajous trajectory beam-scanning approach coupled with temporal multiplexing by the implementation of an optical delay line demonstrate the ability to acquire 2 distinct focal planes simultaneously at frame rates >450 Hz for full 512 × 512 images. The use of multi-channel data acquisition cards allows for simultaneous multimodal image acquisition with perfect image registry between all imaging modalities. Also discussed here is the implementation of Lissajous trajectory beam-scanning on commercially available microscope hardware.
Efficient Test Compression Configuration Selection (2021)

Test costs for large industrial designs increase rapidly in recent years. On-chip test compression hardware has become a pragmatic technology to cut down the overall test costs by reducing the test data volume. Determining the input and output channel counts of test compression hardware that results in minimum test data volume is thus a critical issue. In this article, efficient methods to estimate test pattern counts for an extensive range of input/output counts are developed. These methods require only a small number of ATPG runs. The estimation results can then be utilized to determine the test data volume for each input/output configuration. The configuration with the estimated lowest test data volume thus can be determined. The pattern count results of each configuration for a design can also be used to determine the best suitable configuration when the design is to be embedded in an SoC system.
Multisensor fusion for 3D target tracking using track-before-detect particle filter (2015)

This work presents a novel fusion mechanism for estimating the three-dimensional trajectory of a moving target using images collected by multiple imaging sensors. The proposed projective particle filter avoids the explicit target detection prior to fusion. In projective particle filter, particles that represent the posterior density (of target state in a high-dimensional space) are projected onto the lower-dimensional observation space. Measurements are generated directly in the observation space (image plane) and a marginal (sensor) likelihood is computed. The particles states and their weights are updated using the joint likelihood computed from all the sensors. The 3D state estimate of target (system track) is then generated from the states of the particles. This approach is similar to track-before-detect particle filters that are known to perform well in tracking dim and stealthy targets in image collections. Our approach extends the track-before-detect approach to 3D tracking using the projective particle filter. The performance of this measurement-level fusion method is compared with that of a track-level fusion algorithm using the projective particle filter. In the track-level fusion algorithm, the 2D sensor tracks are generated separately and transmitted to a fusion center, where they are treated as measurements to the state estimator. The 2D sensor tracks are then fused to reconstruct the system track. A realistic synthetic scenario with a boosting target was generated, and used to study the performance of the fusion mechanisms.