gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell depletion in mice doubly transgenic for HIV gp120 and human CD4 (1997)

It has been suggested that loss of uninfected T cells in HIV infection occurs because of lymphocyte activation resulting in cell death by apoptosis. To address the question of whether cross-linking of CD4/HIV gp120 complexes by antibodies were sufficient to induce T cell depletion in vivo, we developed an animal model of continuous interaction between human CD4 (hCD4), gp120 and anti-gp120 antibodies in the absence of other viral factors. Double-transgenic mice have been generated in which T cells express on their membrane hCD4 and secrete HIV gp120. Although these mice have hCD4/gp120 complexes present on the surface of T cells, they do not show gross immunological abnormalities, and they are able to produce anti-gp120 antibodies following immunization with denaturated gp120. However, double-transgenic mice with antibodies to gp120, when immunized with tetanus toxoid, mount an IgG response that is significantly lower than that of double-transgenic mice without antibodies to gp120. Furthermore, the presence of anti-gp120 antibodies leads to CD4+ T cell depletion and immunodeficiency in the absence of HIV infection. Thus, the antibody response to gp120 can lead to CD4+ T cell attrition in vivo.
Selective Detection of Nitrogen Monoxide by the Mixed Oxide of Cr2O3–Nb2O5 (1988)

Abstract Several single and mixed oxides were used as sensors for detection of CO, CO2, NO, and NO2. The conductivity of (Cr2O3)1-x (Nb2O5)x was greatly changed by a contact with 1-1000 ppm of NO, but was unchanged by that with CO or CO2. The sensitivity to NO was maximum by operating at 573 K using oxide with x=0.1. The influence of CO during detection of NO was negligible at x=0.5.
Evaluation of expandable leadwires for pediatric cochlear implants. (1993)

The development of cochlear implants for use in very young children (1-2 years old) will require techniques designed to accommodate temporal bone growth. Previous anatomic studies have shown that the leadwire of a cochlear implant must be capable of expanding up to 20 mm between the round window and the implanted receiver-stimulator in response to skull growth. In the present study morphologic and biomechanical evaluation of five expandable leadwire designs was conducted following their implantation in young cats. Two helical shaped leadwire designs frequently exhibited extensive fibrous tissue adhesions and broke during long-term implantation. In contrast, thin, flexible Silastic envelopes were effective in minimizing tissue adhesions. Residual V- and Z-shaped leadwires, placed in these envelopes, showed little evidence of fibrous tissue adhesions following implantation periods of up to 2 years. Moreover, these leadwires readily expanded both during the growth of the animal and when biomechanical expansion studies performed at the completion of the implant period. These expandable leadwire designs appear to be appropriate candidates for use in pediatric cochlear implants.
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Mediated Synaptic Transmission in the Somatosensory System (1991)

Acidic amino acids such as glutamate are widely accepted to be excitatory neurotransmitters throughout the cns. Although it remains difficult to identify the transmitter released at central synapses, the receptor types mediating synaptic responses can be identified with more certainty. Excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors can be classified broadly as NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and non-NMDA receptors, on the basis of the sensitivity of responses mediated by them to selective agonists and antagonists. It is probable that non-NMDA receptors constitute several distinct receptor types, but no definitive classification has yet emerged that satisfies all the available data. It is however likely that EAA receptors of the non-NMDA type(s) mediate a large proportion of fast synaptic transmission throughout the cns. EAAs have been the subject of many books and review articles in recent years some of which are listed with the references. This article therefore covers some fundamental points and more recent advances.
Techniques for improving the robustness of an adaptive predictive coder in the presence of channel errors (2005)

A study was performed to evaluate various techniques for improving the robustness of an Adaptive Predictive Coder operating in the presence of channel errors. The communications environment consisted of a packetized, symbol oriented system in which channel errors were manifested as both 5-bit symbol errors in the received bit stream and the occasional loss of an entire packet of data. To reduce the effects of symbol errors forward error correction was applied to a selected subset of the transmitted parameter bits. At the receiver, smoothing strategies were employed to replace those parameters in which errors could be detected but not corrected and to cope with situations in which entire packets were lost. The introduction of these techniques to the basic APC vocoder added 900-1100 bps to the bit rate and resulted in significantly improved robustness in channel errors.
Design of High-Speed Preamble Searcher for RACH Preamble Structure in WCDMA Reverse Link Receiver (2006)

In this paper, we propose a high speed Preamble Searcher suitable for the RACH (Random Access Channel) structure in WCDMA reverse link receivers. Unlike IS-95, WCDMA system uses the AISMA (Acquisition Indication Sense Multiple Access) scheme. Because of the time limit between RACH preamble transmission and AI (Acquisition Indicators), and the restriction on the number of RACH signatures assigned to RACH preamble, fast acquisition is required for efficient operation. The Preamble Searcher proposed in this paper is designed for 2-antenna systems; it adopts the FHT (Fast Hadamard Transform) algorithm that has the radix-2 16 point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) structure. The acquisition speed using FHT is 32 times faster than the conventional method that correlates each signature. Based on this fast acquisition scheme, we improved the acquisition performance by calculating correlation up to 4096 chips of the total preamble length.
Nucleotide sequence to the v-myc oncogene of avian retrovirus MC29. (1983)

Avian myelocytomatosis viruses are retroviruses whose oncogene (v-myc) induces an unusually wide variety of tumors, including carcinomas, endotheliomas, sarcomas, and myelocytomatoses. The viral gene v-myc arose by transduction of an undetermined portion of a cellular gene known as c-myc. In order to facilitate further studies of the functions of v-myc and c-myc and to permit detailed comparisons between the two genes, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of v-myc in the genome of the MC29 strain of myelocytomatosis virus. The v-myc domain in MC29 virus encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide with a molecular weight of 47,000, fused to a portion of the polyprotein encoded by the viral structural gene gag. The carboxyl-terminal half of the v-myc polypeptide is rich in basic amino acid residues. This feature may account for the DNA-binding properties of the hybrid gag-myc-encoded protein which would have a molecular weight of approximately 100,000, in accord with results from previous studies of the protein encoded by v-myc. The junctions between v-myc and the genome of the transducing virus are apparent but reveal no clues to the mechanism by which transduction might occur.
Fluorescence Enhancement of Chromophores Close to Metal Nanoparticles. Optimal Setup Revealed by the Polarizable Continuum Model (2008)

A direct estimate of changes in the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of a chromophore near metal nanoparticles is obtained using a quantum mechanical description coupled to the polarizable continuum model. The results account for experimentally observed continuous change from decreased to increased fluorescence. The changes are described as the effects of a dependence on the distance and orientation between the chromophore and the metal nanoparticle, as well as the size, shape, number, and type of the metal particles and the influence of the solvent. The chromophore investigated was N,N′-dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-dicarboximide in combination with silver and gold particles. The study explains and rationalizes how intrinsic characteristics of the metal predetermine the nanoparticle’s behavior toward chromophore excitation and decay rates. As a result, the optimal setup (shape, position, orientation) that gives the largest enhancement is revealed.
SDF-1 keeps HSC quiescent at home (2011)

In this issue of Blood , Tzeng et al report on the generation of adult, conditional SDF-1–deficient mice in which HSC quiescence and endosteal niche localization are impaired.[1][1]

The chemokine stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXCL12), and its major receptor CXCR4, regulate many aspects
Inter-channel decorrelation by sub-band resampling in frequency domain (2012)

This paper presents a novel decorrelation procedure by frequency-domain resampling in sub-bands. The new procedure expands on the idea of resampling in the frequency domain that efficiently and effectively alleviates the non-uniqueness problem for a multi-channel acoustic echo cancellation system while introducing minimal distortion to the signal. We show in theory and verify experimentally that the amount of decorrelation in each sub-band, measured in terms of the coherence, can be controlled arbitrarily by varying the resampling ratio per frequency bin. For perceptual evaluation, we adjust the sub-band resampling ratios to match the coherence given by other decorrelation procedures. The speech quality (PESQ) score from the proposed decorrelation procedure remains high at around 4.5, which is about the highest possible PESQ score after signal modification.
JOÃO GILBERTO NOLL EM SUA GERAÇÃO (2014)

"O presente artigo visa a refletir sobre algumas obsessões estéticas na obra de João Gilberto Noll, perceptíveis nos contos de A máquina de ser (2006). A partir da análise de três narrativas da coletânea e do diálogo com a fortuna crítica do autor, sugere-se a permanência de traços geracionais na sua produção mais atual."
Koch/Köchin, Hauswirtschafterin und Co. - "Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft" im Berufswunschspektrum Jugendlicher (2020)

Auf der Grundlage der Daten einer regionalen Schülerbefragung zu Beginn der Klasse 8 werden die Entwicklungsstände der Berufsorientierung von Schülerinnen und Schülern an Haupt-, Real- und Gesamtschulen rekonstruiert. Es wird erstens gezeigt, mit welch heterogenen Ausgangslagen der Jugendlichen in der Frühphase der schulischen Berufswahlvorbereitung zu rechnen ist und zweitens beschrieben, wie das Berufsfeld „Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft“ im Berufswunschspektrum repräsentiert ist. (DIPF/Orig.)
Evaluation of Quantum Dot Cytotoxicity Based on Intracellular Uptake (2006)

Nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs), composed of biologically toxic materials degrade in highly oxidative environments. Varying the QD surface coating significantly affects the intracellular uptake of QDs. Although the addition of PEG does not alter the inherent QD cytotoxicity, we demonstrate that the improved biocompatibility due to PEG-substitution arises from decreased intracellular uptake, which allows for biological applications of QDs with minimal toxicity. The image shows the live/dead reagent stain used to quantitate cytotoxicity. PEG: poly(ethylene glycol).
Identification and Characterization of the 2-Phospho-<scp>l</scp>-lactate Guanylyltransferase Involved in Coenzyme F<sub>420</sub> Biosynthesis (2008)

Coenzyme F 420 is a hydride carrier cofactor functioning in methanogenesis. One step in the biosynthesis of coenzyme F 420 involves the coupling of 2-phospho- l-lactate (LP) to 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin, the F 420 chromophore. This condensation requires an initial activation of 2-phospho- l-lactate through a pyrophosphate linkage to GMP. Bioinformatic analysis identified an uncharacterized archaeal protein in the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii genome, MJ0887, which could be involved in this transformation. The predicted MJ0887-derived protein has domain similarity with other known nucleotidyl transferases. The MJ0887 gene was cloned and overexpressed, and the purified protein was found to catalyze the formation of lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine from LP and GTP. Kinetic constants were determined for the MJ0887-derived protein with both LP and GTP substrates and are as follows: V max = 3 micromol min (-1) mg (-1), GTP K M (app) = 56 microM, and k cat/ K M (app) = 2 x 10 (4) M (-1) s (-1) and LP K M (app) = 36 microM, and k cat/ K M (app) = 4 x 10 (4) M (-1) s (-1). The MJ0887 gene product has been designated CofC to indicate its involvement in the third step of coenzyme F 420 biosynthesis.
New Air-Stable Catalysts for General and Efficient Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Heteroaryl Chlorides (2006)

[reaction: see text] New air-stable PdCl(2){P(t)Bu(2)(p-R-Ph)}(2) (R = H, NMe(2), CF(3),) complexes represent simple, general, and efficient catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides including five-membered heteroaryl halides and heteroatom-substituted six-membered heteroaryl chlorides with a diverse range of arylboronic acids. High product yields (89-99% isolated yields) and turn-over-numbers (10,000 TON) are observed.
Differential activation of spinal cord glial cells in murine models of neuropathic and cancer pain (2008)

Activation of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes is a common phenomenon in nerve injury pain models and is thought to exacerbate pain perception. Following a nerve injury, a transient increase in the presence of microglia takes place while the increased numbers of astrocytes stay elevated for an extended period of time. It has been proposed that activated microglia are crucial for the development of neuropathic pain and that they lead to activation of astrocytes which then play a role in maintaining the long term pathological pain sensation. In the present report, we examined the time course of spinal cord glial activation in three different murine pain models to investigate if microglial activation is a general prerequisite for astrocyte activation in pain models. We found that two different types of cancer induced pain resulted in severe spinal astrogliosis without activation of microglia. In contrast, sciatic nerve injury led to a transient activation of microglia and sustained astrogliosis. These results show that development of hypersensitivity and astrocyte activation in pain models can take place independent of microglial activation.
Dermatomes in the rat limbs as determined by antidromic stimulation of sensory C-fibers in spinal nerves (1996)

Dermatomes of rats from C1 to T1 (forelimb) and from T12 to S2 (hindlimb) were determined by electrical stimulation of spinal nerves following the intravenous administration of Evans blue. After stimulation of the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve, a blue spotted area presenting the maximal innervation area of the spinal nerve appeared in the skin. Maximal innervation areas generally overlapped the adjacent areas. Each digit was innervated by two to three spinal nerves. Composite dermatomes were determined where boundary lines were defined as the midline of overlapping areas. Based on the composite dermatomes, boundary lines in the rat fore- and hindlimbs were revealed to loop around the antero-posterior axis showing a V-shaped pattern in the anterior and posterior aspects and converge to the ventral and dorsal midlines of the limb. The present dermatome chart may be applied to research concerning the segmental distribution of sensory C-fibers.
Chemically Controlled Amplified Ratiometric Fluorescence in Surface-Immobilized End-Capped Oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylene ethynylene)s (2009)

Efficient photoexcitation energy transfer in extended pi-electron conjugated molecules is a key factor in applications of such systems as a gain media in signal-amplifying fluorescent chemodetectors. Here we report an unprecedented ratiometric fluorescence amplification phenomenon in the surface-immobilized monolayers of oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)s end-capped with a lower energy gap receptor group. The process of covalent immobilization on the surface results in monolayer films with improved molecular organization, which display highly efficient excitation energy transfer to the lower energy receptor groups. Chemical transformation of a subtle fraction of the receptor groups on the surface leads to a very significant fluorescent ratiometric response. While fundamental understanding of this unusual "turn-on" amplification phenomenon requires further studies, it can be used to develop thin-film ratiometric fluorescent chemosensors with improved optical gain.
A virtual-variable name-specification operator for high level languages (1974)

In the absence of an execute or unquote feature, a computer language may be enhanced by inventing a specify function extension which during execution, assigns program-generated virtual-variable names with the storing of arrays. In this note, an APL prototype of such an extension of the specify operator is described and demonstrated. The legal domain of virtual-variable names include all values within the normal domain of the language environment and all literal strings of alphabetic and/or numeric characters with a maximum length set by the size of a double word. The extended specify operation is useful in programs for symbolic manipulation and in sparce matrix problems for elements with varying and unpredictable storage requirements.
Accurate simulation of protein dynamics in solution. (1988)

Simulation of the molecular dynamics of a small protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, was found to be more realistic when water molecules were included than when in vacuo: the time-averaged structure was much more like that observed in high-resolution x-ray studies, the amplitudes of atomic vibration in solution were smaller, and fewer incorrect hydrogen bonds were formed. Our approach, which provides a sound basis for reliable simulation of diverse properties of biological macromolecules in solution, uses atom-centered forces and classical mechanics.
Azide trapping of metallocarbenes: generation of reactive C-acylimines and domino trapping with nucleophiles (2014)

Diazocarbonyl compounds react with pendent azides under copper catalysis to generate reactive C-acylimines that can be trapped with carbon π-nucleophiles<italic>in situ</italic>.
Thermoelectric and thermal rectification properties of quantum dot junctions (2010)

The electrical conductance, thermal conductance, thermal power, and figure of merit $(ZT)$ of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded into an insulator matrix connected with metallic electrodes are theoretically investigated in the Coulomb blockade regime. The multilevel Anderson model is used to simulate the multiple QDs junction system. The charge and heat currents in the sequential tunneling process are calculated by the Keldysh Green's function technique. In the linear-response regime the $ZT$ values are still very impressive in the small tunneling rates case, although the effect of electron Coulomb interaction on $ZT$ is significant. In the nonlinear-response regime, we have demonstrated that the thermal rectification behavior can be observed for the coupled QDs system, where the very strong asymmetrical coupling between the dots and electrodes, large energy-level separation between dots and strong interdot Coulomb interactions are required.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus HCG for oocyte triggering in antagonist-assisted reproductive technology (2014)

Final oocyte maturation triggering with GnRH agonist instead of HCG in fresh autologous GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI treatment cycles prevents OHSS to the detriment of the live birth rate. In donor-recipient cycles, use of GnRH agonists instead of HCG resulted in a lower incidence of OHSS, with no evidence of a difference in live birth rate.Evidence suggests that GnRH agonist as a final oocyte maturation trigger in fresh autologous cycles is associated with a lower live birth rate, a lower ongoing pregnancy rate (pregnancy beyond 12 weeks) and a higher rate of early miscarriage (less than 12 weeks). GnRH agonist as an oocyte maturation trigger could be useful for women who choose to avoid fresh transfers (for whatever reason), women who donate oocytes to recipients or women who wish to freeze their eggs for later use in the context of fertility preservation.
Somatic Mosaicism and Cancer: A Micro-Genetic Examination into the Role of the Androgen Receptor Gene in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Recent evidence has shown that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a major role in all prostate cancer stages, including both androgen-dependent and -independent tumors. A large number of studies have examined the possible effects of a functional polymorphism in the AR gene, a variable-length CAG repeat, on the development of prostate cancer, but the results to date have been inconclusive. We have considered the fact that the tissue heterogeneity present in almost all prostate cancer tumors has rarely been regarded as an indicator of AR genetic heterogeneity. To determine if genetic heterogeneity exists and is a significant event in prostate cancer development, we have examined prostate cancer tumors for somatic shortening of the AR gene CAG repeat. All 72 laser capture microdissected samples from archival prostate cancer tissues, as well as samples from freshly prepared prostate cancer tissues, showed some genetic heterogeneity (somatic mosaicism) for AR CAG repeat length. Cancerous tissues showed a much greater degree of genetic heterogeneity than adjacent benign tissues, as well as a very significant shortening of their CAG repeat lengths. However, CAG repeat length heterogeneity was not observed in normal prostate tissues. It is hypothesized that somatic mosaicism of the AR CAG repeat in prostate cancer tumors may be found to be an important genetic event in precancerous tissue, which may subsequently lead to the development of prostate cancer.
The Growth of Ionic Crystals Based on the Halogenation of Copper Cluster Anions (2012)

We investigated the halogenation reactivity of copper cluster anions produced via a magnetron-sputter source after introduction into a fast-flow tube reaction apparatus simultaneously with chlorine gas. Interesting cluster products corresponding to [Cu(n)Cl(n+1)](-) (n = 1-6) were observed with notable stability, and the mass distribution of these clusters exhibits an exponential decay with increasing values of n. Reaction kinetics analysis is provided on the gas-phase reactivity of copper cluster anions with chlorine. First-principle calculations suggest a series of cubic-like structures for these species similar to the structure of alkali halide clusters due to their similar electronic configurations. These structures act as a starting point in the formation of ionic crystals.
Programmatic semantics for natural language interfaces (2005)

An important way of making interfaces usable by non-expert users is to enable the use of natural language input, as in natural language query interfaces to databases, or MUDs and MOOs. When the subject matter is about procedures, however, we have discovered that interfaces can take advantage of what we call Programmatic Semantics, procedural relations that can be inferred from the linguistic structure. Roughly, nouns can be interpreted as data structures; verbs are functions; adjectives are properties. Some linguistic forms imply conditionals, loops, and recursive structures.We illustrate the principles of Programmatic Semantics with a description of Metafor, a "brainstorming" editor for programs, analogous to an outlining tool for prose writing. Metafor interactively converts English sentences to partially specified program code, to be used as "scaffolding" for a more detailed program. A user study showed that Metafor is capable of capturing enough Programmatic Semantics to facilitate non-programming users and beginners' conceptualization of programming problems.