gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell division in higher plants: a cdc2 gene, its 34-kDa product, and histone H1 kinase activity in pea. (1990)

The mitotic cell cycle of yeast and animal cells is regulated by the cdc2 gene and its product, the p34 protein kinase, and by other components of the MPF or histone H1 kinase complex. We present evidence that cdc2, p34, and a histone H1 kinase also exist in higher plants. Protein extracts from 10 plant species surveyed display a 34-kDa component recognized by a monoclonal antibody directed against an evolutionarily conserved epitope of fission yeast p34. Nondenatured protein extracts of mitotic Pisum sativum (garden pea) tissues were fractionated by gel filtration, electrophoretically separated under denaturing conditions, and immunoblotted. p34 crossreactive material was apparent in both low and high molecular mass fractions, indicating that pea p34 occurs as both a monomer and as part of a high molecular mass complex. Histone H1 kinase activity was found predominantly in the higher molecular mass fractions, those to which the least phosphorylated form of pea p34 was confined. We also report the cloning of the pea homologue of cdc2 by polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequence analysis reveals perfect conservation of the hallmark "PSTAIR" sequence motif found in all cdc2 gene products analyzed to date.
The Two Nonallelic Xenopus Insulin Genes Are Expressed Coordinately in the Adult Pancreas (1994)

We have previously shown that the two nonallelic insulin genes in Xenopus laevis are expressed differentially during neurulation in prepancreatic embryos (Shuldiner et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7679-7683). We now examine pancreatic expression with alterations in ambient temperature, glucose administration, fasting and feeding, somatostatin analog treatment, as well as during postmetamorphic growth. Insulin I and II mRNAs were quantitated by slot blot hybridization with specific probes and were expressed as the number of copies (x 10(8)) per 5 micrograms total RNA +/- SEM. Frogs maintained at 12 degrees showed no significant changes when compared to frogs maintained at 20 degrees. There was a coordinate decrease in insulin I and II mRNA levels in frogs maintained at 29 degrees (Ins I 20, 3.41 +/- 0.34 vs Ins I 29, 2.39 +/- 0.17; Ins II 20, 2.59 +/- 0.36 vs Ins II 29, 1.67 +/- 0.09; P < 0.05). When compared to fasting animals, both insulin I and II mRNA levels decreased slightly in frogs given repeated intraperitoneal injections of glucose and in those fed ad libitum; there were no changes after a single dose of glucose or in frogs given somatostatin. When compared to young frogs (6 to 24 months), older frogs (36 months) had higher insulin I and II mRNA levels (e.g., Ins I 6mo, 2.14 +/- 0.15 vs Ins I 36mo, 3.68 +/- 0.43; Ins II 6mo, 1.21 +/- 0.06 vs Ins II 36mo, 3.26 +/- 0.38; P < 0.05). Further, there was a modest reduction in the percentage of insulin I mRNA with aging (e.g., 6 months 63.6 +/- 3.1% vs 36 months 53.9 +/- 2.7%; P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Error Analysis and Uncertainty in the Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Integrating Nephelometry, and the Extinction-Minus-Scattering Method (2014)

Despite the substantial improvements in the measurements of aerosol physical and chemical properties and in the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols, there is still a need for studying the properties of aerosols under controlled laboratory conditions to develop a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of aerosol formation, chemistry, and dynamics. In this work, we present the factors that affect measurement accuracy and the resulting uncertainties of the extinction-minus-scattering method using a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and integrating nephelometry at a wider range of optical wavelengths than previously attempted. Purely scattering polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with diameters from 107–303 nm and absorbing polystyrene spheres (APSL) with 390 nm diameter were used to determine the consistency and agreement, within experimental uncertainties, of CRDS and nephelometer values with theoretical calculations derived from Mie theory for non-absorbing spheres. Overall uncertainties for extinction cross-section were largely 10%–11% and dominated by condensation particle counter (CPC) measurement error. Two methods for determining σext error are described, and they were found to produce equivalent results. Systematic uncertainties due to particle losses, RD cell geometry (RL), CPC counting efficiency, ring-down regression fitting, blank drift, optical tweezing, and recapturing of forward scattered light are also investigated. The random error observed in this work for absorbing spheres is comparable to previous reported measurements. For both absorbing and non-absorbing spheres, a statistical framework is developed for including the contributions to random error due to CPC measurement uncertainty, RL, statistical fluctuations in particle counts, fluctuations in the blank, and mass flow controller flow error.
Detection of Human Bodies in Lying Position based on Aggregate Channel Features (2020)

In recent years, detection of human body has drawn a lot of attention from researchers in the field of image recognition, with most work focused on pedestrian detection. The detection of human bodies in lying position also received numerous attention in applications such as elderly fall detection, sleep studies as well as in search and rescue (SAR) operations. Thus, in this paper, feature extraction performed by the Aggregate Channel Features (ACF) algorithm is explored for detection of human bodies in lying positions. ACF makes use of a Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) classifier that has resulted in increase in speed of detection. The classification was carried out using a dataset developed from aerial images of human bodies obtained from the internet. Initial result showed that the accuracy of ACF using the given dataset is 88% and the value of F-measure obtained was 0.9231. This proposed method will be further explored on a more advanced dataset.
Surface Chemistry of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels (2015)

The properties of silica aerogels, and the ability to prepare them by ambient pressure drying, hinge on their chemical surface modification. Until now, quantitative analysis of the surface chemistry has not been possible by state-of-the-art analytical methods. Here, we determine the surface chemistry of six archetypal, ambient pressure dried, hydrophobic silica aerogels and open-porous foams with quantitative 1H, 13C, and 29Si and 1H–29Si heteronuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The quality of the external calibration, the validation by elemental analysis, and the consistency among the 1H, 13C, and 29Si MAS NMR data enable us to robustly quantify the surface chemistry of these classical silica materials. Four aerogels were derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), polyethoxydisiloxane (PEDS), or waterglass precursors and hydrophobized with trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups through immersion in hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) in heptane, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in heptane, or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in ethanol. The resulting aerogels display remarkably similar chemistries despite their very different precursors (alkoxides, waterglass), hydrophobization agents (HMDZ, TMCS, HMDSO), and gelation and hydrophobization solvents (water, ethanol, heptane). The TMS content is nearly the same (22–27 wt %), the ethoxy content is low (<4 wt %), and the silica speciation displays a narrow range for all four aerogels. The 1H–29Si heteronuclear correlation spectra provide unambiguous evidence for the grafting of the TMS groups on the silica surfaces. Remarkably, the NMR data enable the prediction of the silica particle size to within 1 to 2 nm of that derived by TEM analysis. Two additional, inherently hydrophobic, ambient pressure dried, open-porous silica foams were synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and from a MTMS–dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS) mixture. The reduction in the number of bridging oxygens per Si atom, from 3.76 to 3.90 for TEOS, PEDS, or waterglass based aerogels, to 2.86 for the MTMS based open-porous foam, and to 2.48 for the MTMS–DMDMS derived open-porous foam, results in a brittle-to-superflexible transition. Our results highlight the importance of the chemical treatment of the wet gels (hydrophobization and solvent exchange) on the final surface chemistry of silica aerogels.
Bootstrapping Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification (2019)

Using predictive models to identify patterns that can act as biomarkers for different neuropathoglogical conditions is becoming highly prevalent. In this paper, we consider the problem of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) classification where previous work has shown that it can be beneficial to incorporate a wide variety of meta features, such as socio-cultural traits, into predictive modeling. A graph-based approach naturally suits these scenarios, where a contextual graph captures traits that characterize a population, while the specific brain activity patterns are utilized as a multivariate signal at the nodes. Graph neural networks have shown improvements in inferencing with graph-structured data. Though the underlying graph strongly dictates the overall performance, there exists no systematic way of choosing an appropriate graph in practice, thus making predictive models non-robust. To address this, we propose a bootstrapped version of graph convolutional neural networks (G-CNNs) that utilizes an ensemble of weakly trained G-CNNs, and reduce the sensitivity of models on the choice of graph construction. We demonstrate its effectiveness on the challenging Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset and show that our approach improves upon recently proposed graph-based neural networks. We also show that our method remains more robust to noisy graphs.
Differential Involvement of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Performance Monitoring During a Stop-Signal Task (2005)

Abstract. Electrophysiological and performance measures obtained in a study using the stop-signal paradigm ( Van Boxtel, Van der Molen, Jennings, & Brunia, 2001 ) were used to examine the neural generators of error-related brain potentials. The stop-signal task consists of normal (choice) response trials, which occasionally have to be stopped. However, stopping is not always successful. Erroneous responses to stop signals were carefully matched for motor activity to normal response trials. The difference between normal and error trials was accompanied at the scalp by a sequence of error negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe). Dipole modeling was consistent with generators in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) - caudal for the ERN/Ne, and rostral for the Pe. We also found cardiac deceleration on error trials relative to normal response trials, possibly keyed to ACC functioning as well. These results support findings from neuroanatomical, functional brain imaging and animal studies that implicate the differential involvement of the ACC in cognitive and evaluative aspects of executive control.
The long term homeless and socially excluded: Local government is also responsible (2004)

People who experience long term and repeated episodes of homelessness are a particularly vulnerable, socially excluded and disadvantaged group, who experience significantly higher rates of suicide, disability, mental illness, alcohol and drug dependence and extreme poverty than the rest of the population. But who should take responsibility for addressing the needs of this population?
Rational Design of Selective Adenine-Based Scaffolds for Inactivation of Bacterial Histidine Kinases (2017)

Bacterial histidine kinases (HKs) are quintessential regulatory enzymes found ubiquitously in bacteria. Apart from their regulatory roles, they are also involved in the production of virulence factors and conferring resistance to various antibiotics in pathogenic microbes. We have previously reported compounds that inhibit multiple HKs by targeting the conserved catalytic and ATP-binding (CA) domain. Herein, we conduct a detailed structure-activity relationship assessment of adenine-based inhibitors using biochemical and docking methods. These studies have resulted in several observations. First, interaction of an inhibitor's amine group with the conserved active-site Asp is essential for activity and likely dictates its orientation in the binding pocket. Second, a N-NH-N triad in the inhibitor scaffold is highly preferred for binding to conserved Gly:Asp:Asn residues. Lastly, hydrophobic electron-withdrawing groups at several positions in the adenine core enhance potency. The selectivity of these inhibitors was tested against heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which possesses a similar ATP-binding fold. We found that groups that target the ATP-lid portion of the catalytic domain, such as a six-membered ring, confer selectivity for HKs.
Anionic polymerization of oxiranes and cyclic siloxanes initiated with potassium salt‐crown ether systems (1982)

Abstract Potassium carboxylates and 18‐crown‐6 form initiator systems for the anionic polymerization of oxiranes to afford polyethers with an acyloxy group at one of the chain ends. Because of the slow initiation as compared to the propagation step, the resulting polymers have wide molecular weight distributions ( M w / M n ≈ 4,0). The presence of a small amount of water in the catalysts accelerates the initiation to give polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions ( M w / M n ⩽ 1,2). The polymerization of methyloxirane is accompanied by a significant chain‐transfer reaction to the monomer, especially at high temperatures. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane is also polymerized by the same initiators. Furthermore, potassium salts of carboxylic acids initiate the polymerizations in the presence of a crown ether.
Influence of crude oil on changes of bacterial communities in Arctic sea-ice (2004)

The danger of a petroleum hydrocarbon spillage in the polar, ice-covered regions is increasing due to oil exploration in Arctic offshore areas and a growing interest in using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative transportation route for Arctic oil and gas. However, little is known about the potential impact of accidental oil spills on this environment. We investigated the impact of crude oil on microbial community composition in six different Arctic sea-ice samples incubated with crude oil at 1 degrees C in microcosms for one year. Alterations in the composition of bacterial communities were analyzed with the culture-independent molecular methods DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). DGGE, FISH and cultivation methods revealed a strong shift in community composition toward the gamma-proteobacteria in sea-ice and melt pool samples incubated with crude oil. Marinobacter spp., Shewanella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the predominant phylotypes in the oil-treated microcosms. The ability of indigenous sea-ice bacteria to degrade hydrocarbons at low temperature (1 degrees C) was tested using four representative strains cultivated from sea-ice enriched with crude oil. [14C]Hexadecane was degraded by the sea-ice isolates at 20-50% capacity of the mesophilic type strain Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, a known hydrocarbon degrader, incubated at 22 degrees C.
Similarities between soft biological tissues and rubberlike materials (2017)

This chapter highlights similarities in the structure, mechanical characteristics and constitutive modeling of soft biological tissues and rubberlike materials for which many advances in the past have gone hand in hand. Several scientists have drawn attention to similarities between soft biological tissues and rubberlike materials. Soft biological tissues and rubber may be characterized as highly nonlinear materials undergoing finite strains. Extensions to include anisotropy are indicated in Horgan & Saccomandi, where also similarities between the rubber model and an isotropic version of a constitutive model for arterial wall mechanics, as proposed by Takamizawa & Hayashi, are documented. There are of course several examples in tissue mechanics in which heterogeneity has to be accounted for, as in the structure of arterial walls, which are composed of three distinct layers. Soft biological tissues and rubberlike materials are composite structures that derive their nonlinear properties from the specific distributions of the internal constituents.
Immunohistochemical study of small integrin‐binding ligand, N‐linked glycoproteins in reactionary dentin of rat molars at different ages (2006)

Small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) are believed to play key roles in the process of biomineralization. Reactionary dentin (RD), formed by odontoblasts in response to external stimuli, differs morphologically from primary dentin (PD). To test our hypothesis that the microscopic changes reflect variations in molecular mechanisms involved in formation of the two forms of dentin, and to characterize RD further, we compared the distributions of four SIBLING proteins [bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)] in naturally occurring RD with those in PD. Molars of rats aged 12, 18, 24 and 36 wk were analyzed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against BSP, OPN, DMP-1, and dentin sialoprotein (a fragment of DSPP). Differences in the distribution of the four SIBLING proteins were evident. Bone sialoprotein, not seen in PD, was consistently observed in RD. Osteopontin, almost absent from PD, was clearly observed in RD. The expression levels of DMP-1 and DSP in RD were lower than in PD. Elevated expression of BSP and OPN, along with a marked decrease of dentin sialoprotein and DMP-1 in RD, suggests a difference in the mechanism of formation of the two forms of dentin.
What are the current limits of the Kinect sensor (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Modeling reduced contractility and impaired desmosome assembly due to plakophilin-2 deficiency using isogenic iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (2022)

Loss-of-function mutations in PKP2, which encodes plakophilin-2, cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). Restoration of deficient molecules can serve as upstream therapy, thereby requiring a human model that recapitulates disease pathology and provides distinct readouts in phenotypic analysis for proof of concept for gene replacement therapy. Here, we generated isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with precisely adjusted expression of plakophilin-2 from a patient with AC carrying a heterozygous frameshift PKP2 mutation. After monolayer differentiation, plakophilin-2 deficiency led to reduced contractility, disrupted intercalated disc structures, and impaired desmosome assembly in iPSC-CMs. Allele-specific fluorescent labeling of endogenous DSG2 encoding desmoglein-2 in the generated isogenic lines enabled real-time desmosome-imaging under an adjusted dose of plakophilin-2. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement of PKP2 recovered contractility and restored desmosome assembly, which was sequentially captured by desmosome-imaging in plakophilin-2-deficient iPSC-CMs. Our isogenic set of iPSC-CMs recapitulates AC pathology and provides a rapid and convenient cellular platform for therapeutic development.
Evolving LTE future (2017)

With 5G research progressing at a rapid pace, the standardization process has started in 3GPP. As the most prevalent mobile broadband communication technology worldwide, LTE constitutes an essentia ...
Partitioning a graph in alliances and its application to data clustering (2004)

Any reasonably large group of individuals, families, states, and parties exhibits the phenomenon of subgroup formations within the group such that the members of each group have a strong connection or bonding between each other. The reasons of the formation of these subgroups that we call alliances differ in different situations, such as, kinship and friendship (in the case of individuals), common economic interests (for both individuals and states), common political interests, and geographical proximity. This structure of alliances is not only prevalent in social networks, but it is also an important characteristic of similarity networks of natural and unnatural objects. (A similarity network defines the links between two objects based on their similarities). Discovery of such structure in a data set is called clustering or unsupervised learning and the ability to do it, automatically is desirable for many applications in the areas of pattern recognition, computer vision, artificial intelligence, behavioral and social sciences, life sciences, earth sciences, medicine, and information theory. 
In this dissertation, we study a graph theoretical model of alliances where an alliance of the vertices of a graph is a set of vertices in the graph, such that every vertex in the set is adjacent to equal or more vertices inside the set than the vertices outside it. We study the problem of partitioning a graph into alliances and identify classes of graphs that have such a partition. We present results on the relationship between the existence of such a partition and other well known graph parameters, such as connectivity, subgraph structure, and degrees of vertices. We also present results on the computational complexity of finding such a partition. 
An alliance cover set is a set of vertices in a graph that contains at least one vertex from every alliance of the graph. The complement of an alliance cover set is an alliance free set, that is, a set that does not contain any alliance as a subset. We study the properties of these sets and present tight bounds on their cardinalities. In addition, we also characterize the graphs that can be partitioned into alliance free and alliance cover sets. 
Finally, we present an approximate algorithm to discover alliances in a given graph. At each step, the algorithm finds a partition of the vertices into two alliances such that the alliances are strongest among all such partitions. The strength of an alliance is defined as a real number p, such that every vertex in the alliance has at least p times more neighbors in the set than its total number of neighbors in the graph). We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm on standard data sets.
In Vivo Brillouin Analysis of the Aging Crystalline Lens (2016)

The adult human lens showed no measurable age-related increase in the peak longitudinal modulus. The expansion of the stiff central region of the lens is likely to be the major contributing factor to age-related lens stiffening. Brillouin microscopy may be useful in characterizing the crystalline lens for the optimization of surgical or pharmacological treatments aimed at restoring accommodative power.