gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perpendicular magnetization of L1-ordered FePt films in the thinnest limit (2007)

L 1 0 -ordered FePt ultrathin films with thickness down to subnanometer range were fabricated by alternate monatomic layer (ML) deposition of Fe and Pt on Pt (001) substrate and were capped by Pt. Perpendicular Fe magnetic moment under magnetic field, together with that under remanence, was detected by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Pt∕(Fe1ML∕Pt1ML)3∕Pt (001), whose FePt layer is ∼1nm thick, showed perpendicular remanent magnetization at room temperature. At low temperatures, perpendicular remanent magnetization was found even at the thinnest end, i.e., 1 ML Fe sandwiched by Pt (001).
Designer functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds for growth, migration, and tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2008)

We previously reported a class of designer self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds as a unique biological material for diverse applications including 3-D tissue cell culture, slow drug release, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. One of these peptide scaffolds, RADA16-I has been used in bone, cartilage, and neural regeneration studies that have shown great promises. We here report the development of two new functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds designed specifically for angiogenesis study through directly coupling pure RADA16-I with short biologically angiogenic motifs. Angiogenesis is very important in regenerative medicine. An adequate blood vessel supply to the newly formed tissue and within the transplanted scaffold is essential in determining the success of new tissue regeneration. In our study, two designer functionalized peptides, KLT, Ac–(RADA)4G4KLTWQELYQLKYKGI–CONH2 and PRG, Ac–(RADA)4GPRGDSGYRGDS–CONH2 significantly enhanced endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, and morphological tubulogenesis compared with unmodified RADA16-I scaffold. We also showed in our clear-boundary sandwich culture without adding extract soluble growth factors that cells migrated uni-directionally from RADA16-I toward the functionalized scaffolds but not the reverse. Our results suggest that the functionalized designer peptide scaffolds will not only have great promise for promoting endothelial cell growth, migration, and tubulogenesis, but also may have widely potential applications for diverse tissue engineering and tissues regeneration.
Tungsten metallizing alumina--yttria ceramics (1977)

The ease with which high-alumina bodies may be metallized with tungsten is improved by additions of yttria to the alumina. Mechanisms of this bonding process were studied by use of optical and electron microscopy, electron microprobe, and tensile tests. Variables studied included yttria content of the body and the firing temperature during metallizing. The study showed that a reaction between the tungsten and the yttrogarnet grain boundary phase markedly improved adherence.
Prospects for p53-based cancer therapy. (2005)

The p53 tumor suppressor plays the role of a cellular hub which gathers stress signals such as damage to DNA or hypoxia and translates them into a complex response. p53 exerts its action mainly as a potent transcription factor. The two major outcomes of p53 activity are highlighted: cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. During malignant transformation p53 or p53-pathway related molecules are disabled extremely often. Mutations in p53 gene are present in every second human tumor. A mutant form of p53 may not only negate the wild type p53 function but may play additional role in tumor progression. Therefore p53 represents a relatively unique and specific target for anticancer drug design. Current approaches include several different molecules able to restore p53 wild-type conformation and activity. Such small molecule drugs hold great promise in treating human tumors with dysfunction of p53 pathway in the near future.
Functional Requirements for Inhibition of Thrombin by Antithrombin III in the Presence and Absence of Heparin (1997)

Mutation of 79 highly exposed amino acids that comprise approximately 62% of the solvent accessible surface of thrombin identified residues that modulate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III, the principal physiological inhibitor of thrombin. Mutations that decreased the susceptibility of thrombin to inhibition by antithrombin III in the presence and absence of heparin (W50A, E229A, and R233A) also decreased hydrolysis of a small tripeptidyl substrate. These residues were clustered around the active site cleft of thrombin and were predicted to interact directly with the "substrate loop" of antithrombin III. Despite the large size of antithrombin III (58 kDa), no residues outside of the active cleft were identified that interact directly with antithrombin III. Mutations that decreased the susceptibility of thrombin to inhibition by antithrombin III in the presence but not in the absence of heparin (R89A/R93A/E94A, R98A, R245A, K248A, K252A/D255A/Q256A) in general did not also affect hydrolysis of the tripeptidyl substrate. These residues were clustered among a patch of basic residues on a surface of thrombin perpendicular to the face containing the active site cleft and were predicted to interact directly with heparin. Three mutations (E25A, R178A/R180A/D183A, and E202A) caused a slight enhancement of inhibition by antithrombin III.
An Algorithmic Framework to Control Bias in Bandit-based Personalization (2018)

Personalization is pervasive in the online space as it leads to higher efficiency and revenue by allowing the most relevant content to be served to each user. However, recent studies suggest that personalization methods can propagate societal or systemic biases and polarize opinions; this has led to calls for regulatory mechanisms and algorithms to combat bias and inequality. Algorithmically, bandit optimization has enjoyed great success in learning user preferences and personalizing content or feeds accordingly. We propose an algorithmic framework that allows for the possibility to control bias or discrimination in such bandit-based personalization. Our model allows for the specification of general fairness constraints on the sensitive types of the content that can be displayed to a user. The challenge, however, is to come up with a scalable and low regret algorithm for the constrained optimization problem that arises. Our main technical contribution is a provably fast and low-regret algorithm for the fairness-constrained bandit optimization problem. Our proofs crucially leverage the special structure of our problem. Experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets show that our algorithmic framework can control bias with only a minor loss to revenue.
Uso de la tecnología en la función not arial y el proceso registral (2019)

L a presente investigacion aborda la importancia del uso de la tecnologia en la sociedad de este siglo, y la implementacion que la misma ha tenido en todos los aspectos de la vida diaria, sin dejar por un lado la contratacion o negocios juridicos. El notario guatemalteco no se escapa de usar la tecnologia en su funcion notarial, y actualmente varios Registros establecidos en el pais se han beneficiado del uso de la tecnologia; siendo importante establecer cuales son los beneficios que aporta la implementacion de las herramientas tecnologicas en la funcion notarial y el proceso registral en Guatemala. Se realizaron entrevistas a notarios quetzaltecos, y catedraticos del curso de Derecho Notarial de las diversas Universidades de la ciudad de Quetzaltenango.
Analysis of the pivotal residues of the immunodominant and highly uveitogenic determinant of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1991)

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a retinal-specific Ag, induces experimental autoimmune uveitis in a variety of animals. We have previously shown that sequence 1169-1191 of bovine IRBP is the immunodominant epitope of this protein in Lewis rats and is highly immunogenic and uveitogenic in these rats. The active site of peptide 1169-1191 was determined by testing its truncated forms. The shortest peptide to be immunologically active was found to be 1182-1190 (WEGVGVVPD). To determine the role of individual residues of this sequence, we have tested the immunologic activities of nine analogs of peptide 1181-1191, in which each of residues 1182-1190 was substituted with alanine (A). The tested activities included the capacity to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis and cellular responses in immunized rats, as well as the capability to stimulate lymphocytes sensitized against IRBP or the parent peptide 1181-1191. Analogs that did not stimulate these lymphocytes were also tested for their capacity to competitively inhibit the proliferative response to 1181-1191. Analogs A(1184), A(1186), and A(1187) resembled 1181-1191 in their activities, whereas the other analogs exhibited remarkably reduced activities, with several patterns being noticed. Analog A(1182) was inactive in all tests. Analog A(1190) was very weakly uveitogenic and non-immunogenic, but it stimulated lymphocytes sensitized against IRBP or 1181-1191 when added at exceedingly high concentrations. Analogs A(1183) and A(1185) resembled A(1190) in being weakly uveitogenic and A(1185) was also found to be poorly immunogenic. In addition, relatively high concentrations of A(1183) and A(1185) were needed to stimulate lymphocytes sensitized against IRBP or 1181-1191. However, a different pattern of activities was exhibited by analogs A(1188) and A(1189). These peptides were uveitogenic and immunogenic, but failed to stimulate lymphocytes sensitized to IRBP or 1181-1191. Furthermore, A(1188) and A(1189), but not A(1182), also inhibited the response to 1181-1191 of a cell line specific toward this parent peptide. The data are interpreted to show that residues 1188 and 1189 are involved in the interaction of the peptide with the TCR, whereas residues 1182 and 1190 and, perhaps, 1183 and 1185, are pivotal for the binding of peptide 1181-1190 to the MHC molecules on APC.
TIGAR: transcript isoform abundance estimation method with gapped alignment of RNA-Seq data by variational Bayesian inference (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Implementing Exact Calculations in Hardware (1987)

A technique for performing exact calculations it discussed. The technique uses single-modulus P arithmetic to perform calculations over the finite field of integers and the finite ring of integers. It is shown that the arithmetic operations modulo P (which obviously can be impleinented in microprocessor configurations, VLSI, and/or software) can easily be extended from the range of values of the finite field of integers, modulo P, to the finite ring of integers, modulo pN where N is afny positive integer. This technique can be used for exact calculations over the rational numbers as well as complex numbers. Examples, block diagrams, And processor arrays are presented illustrating the simplicity of these operations.
CMA HAS ROLE TO PLAY IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS (1993)

The article shows how despite higher cost over salt, there are long-term savings from use of CMA (calcium magnesium acetate), a benign deicer on new bridges. CMA is recognized by experts as meeting the criteria for an efficient low-corrosion, low-environmental impact deicer. It is beneficial to plants, has helped maintain water quality in drinking water supplies, and is biodegradable. It is considered a proven alternative to salt in applications where the envirionment or corrosion are of concern. New studies show that relatively low mixtures of CMA in salt significantly inhibit salt's naturally corrosive properties.
Observation of optical precursors at the biphoton level (2008)

We describe the observation of a sharp leading-edge spike in a biphoton wave packet that is produced using slow light and measured by two-photon correlation. Using the stationary-phase approximation we characterize this spike as a Sommerfeld-Brillouin precursor resulting from the interference of low- and high-frequency spectral components.
ChemInform Abstract: The Carboxylic Acid Group as an Effective Director of ortho‐Lithiation. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diversity and Dynamics of Informal Rental Housing in a Mid-sized City in India (2014)

Informal housing predominates urban housing options in developing countries, including India, in both its metro and its mid-sized cities. Within urban housing, two-fifths is rental in India. This study is located within one mid-sized city (Guwahati) in one of the least developed states (Assam) in India. The processes of supply of rental housing in the informal sector are linked with the processes of overall supply of housing identified in Guwahati as housing through (i) informal occupation of public and private lands, (ii) alienation of land and (iii) public sector. Within that, landownership, processes of land occupation/subdivision and development, and the role of various actors create submarkets. Submarket-specific, settlement-specific and owner-specific processes shape a diversity of informal rental housing with regard to extent, quality, level of basic services, rents and tenure security for the urban poor, posing challenges for pursuing a policy of ‘formalizing the informal’ in the case of India. 非正式住房在发展中国家的城市中成为了主要的住房选择，包括印度的大城市和中等城市。在印度的城市住房中，五分之二是租赁住房。本研究针对一个位于印度最不发达邦 (Assam) 的中型城市 (Guwahati)。非正式租赁住房的供应过程通过以下因素与 Guwahati 市明确的完整住房供应过程联系在一起：(i) 非正式的公共和私人土地权属，(ii) 土地转让，以及 (iii) 公共部门。其中，土地所有权、土地占有/细分过程的发展，以及各个参与者的角色共同创建了子市场。针对印度的情况，在基础服务的程度、质量、水平，城市贫民的租金和权属保障，面临挑战寻求一个政策”以正式的手段解决非正式住房问题”等方面，特定的子市场、特定的解决方案和特定的所有者形成了非正式租赁住房的多样性。
Electrostatic binding of electroactive and nonelectroactive anions in a surface-confined, electroactive polymer: selectivity of binding measured by Auger spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic binding of electroactive and nonelectroactive anions in a surface-confined, electroactive polymer: selectivity of binding measured by Auger spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetryJames A. Bruce and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1, 74–82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00365a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00365a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Editorial (2021)

scientific research journal, hosted by Fulbright School of Public Policy and Management (FSPPM) at Fulbright University Vietnam (FUV) and sponsored by FUV.The journal aims to promote publications that employ rigorous analytical tools and advocate for evidence-based policy.In the context of increased complexity, this path enables us to move from "contemplation to application" and to take a different position in the world of public policy journals.It has been almost two years in the making and was challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic.However, the strong collaboration and trust among the editorial board, advisory team and contributors have created a thought-provoking journal.With an editorial board and an advisory team of leading and senior professors in various economics and public policy disciplines at renowned universities worldwide, FREP publishes not only rigorously peer-reviewed original scholarly articles but also other types of research, such as practitioner papers, perspectives and review articles, on a semiannual basis.The inaugural issue of FREP presents a diverse selection of pertinent articles from established scholars and young academics.The journal not only focuses on economic issues but also covers a broad range of policy areas in social development, governance and public administration of interest to readersinternational agencies, academics, researchers, policy professionals, policymakers and practitioners, local communities and nongovernment organizations.This diversity in policy themes is reflected in the first issue.The first group of articles provides insightful discussions of various economic issues.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: NPY1 Receptor-Specific Inhibition of Autoreactive Th1 Responses In Vivo (2003)

Prior studies have revealed that the sympathetic nervous system regulates the clinical and pathological manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model mediated by Th1 T cells. Although the regulatory role of catecholamines has been indicated in the previous works, it remained possible that other sympathetic neurotransmitters like neuropeptide Y (NPY) may also be involved in the regulation of EAE. Here we examined the effect of NPY and NPY receptor subtype-specific compounds on EAE, actively induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 in C57BL/6 mice. Our results revealed that exogenous NPY as well as NPY Y(1) receptor agonists significantly inhibited the induction of EAE, whereas a Y(5) receptor agonist or a combined treatment of NPY with a Y(1) receptor antagonist did not inhibit signs of EAE. These results indicate that the suppression of EAE by NPY is mediated via Y(1) receptors. Furthermore, treatment with the Y(1) receptor antagonist induced a significantly earlier onset of EAE, indicating a protective role of endogenous NPY in the induction phase of EAE. We also revealed a significant inhibition of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55-specific Th1 response as well as a Th2 bias of the autoimmune T cells in mice treated with the Y(1) receptor agonist. Ex vivo analysis further demonstrated that autoimmune T cells are directly affected by NPY via Y(1) receptors. Taken together, we conclude that NPY is a potent immunomodulator involved in the regulation of the Th1-mediated autoimmune disease EAE.
D‐Lactic Acid as a Metabolite: Toxicology, Diagnosis, and Detection (2020)

Two enantiomers of lactic acid exist. While L-lactic acid is a common compound of human metabolism, D-lactic acid is produced by some strains of microorganism or by some less relevant metabolic pathways. While L-lactic acid is an endogenous compound, D-lactic acid is a harmful enantiomer. Exposure to D-lactic acid can happen by various ways including contaminated food and beverages and by microbiota during some pathological states like short bowel syndrome. The exposure to D-lactic acid cannot be diagnosed because the common analytical methods are not suitable for distinguishing between the two enantiomers. In this review, pathways for D-lactic acid, pathological processes, and diagnostical and analytical methods are introduced followed by figures and tables. The current literature is summarized and discussed.
Combined Ampakine and BDNF Treatments Enhance Poststroke Functional Recovery in Aged Mice via AKT-CREB Signaling (2015)

Cerebral ischemia results in damage to neuronal circuits and lasting impairment in function. We have previously reported that stimulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors with the ampakine, CX1837, increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and affords significant motor recovery after stroke in young mice. Here, we investigated whether administration of CX1837 in aged (24 months old) mice was equally effective. In a model of focal ischemia, administration of CX1837 from 5 days after stroke resulted in a small gain of motor function by week 6 after stroke. Mice that received a local delivery of BDNF via hydrogel implanted into the stroke cavity also showed a small gain of function from 4 to 6 weeks after stroke. Combining both treatments, however, resulted in a marked improvement in motor function from 2 weeks after insult. Assessment of peri-infarct tissue 2 weeks after stroke revealed a significant increase in p-AKT and p-CREB after the combined drug treatment. Using the pan-AKT inhibitor, GSK-690693, or deletion of CREB from forebrain neurons using the CREB-flox/CAMKii-cre mice, we were able to block the recovery of motor function. These data suggest that combined CX1837 and local delivery of BDNF are required to achieve maximal functional recovery after stroke in aged mice, and is occurring via the AKT-GSK3-CREB signaling pathway.
Nonlinear dielectric composites (1995)

Polymer composites with high dielectric constant are widely used as shielding and field grading materials. An improvement of the refractive grading can be expected for a dielectric constant being a nonlinear function of the electric field or the temperature, as known for nonlinear resistive field grading. An increase of the dielectric constant in those areas where the highest electrical field occur will result in a homogenization of the field distribution. Such composite materials can be considered as having the smart functions of sensing and actuating. The influence of nonlinear properties of filler material on the resulting dielectric properties has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations using effective medium theory show how much of the nonlinearity of the filler is transferred to the composite. They are compared with experiments on composites containing ferroelectric, semiconducting and varistor-type filler material in a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix. Depending on the filler type, the dielectric constant increases by a factor of up to three, for example, on raising the temperature from 30 degrees C to 150 degrees C. Such an enhancement can be sufficient to rearrange the field distribution in stressed insulating parts.
A type system for statically detecting spreadsheet errors (2004)

We describe a methodology for detecting user errors in spreadsheets, using the notion of units as our basic elements of checking. We define the concept of a header and discuss two types of relationships between headers, namely is-a and has-a relationships. With these, we develop a set of rules to assign units to cells in the spreadsheet. We check for errors by ensuring that every cell has a well-formed unit. We describe an implementation of the system that allows the user to check Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. We have run our system on practical examples, and even found errors in published spreadsheets.
The mechanics of wool structures (1988)

The structure and mechanical properties of wool fibers and assemblies of wool fibers are explored. A progressive study of mechanics from the simple assemblies of fibers, as in wool staples and fiber bundles, through complex clothing structures made from fibers and fabrics shaped in three dimensions is developed. The intermediate levels of yarn and fabric structures are treated in terms of the bending, twisting, and extension of individual fibers. -- AATA