gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mistuning Identification of Bladed Disks Using a Fundamental Mistuning Model—Part II: Application (2004)

This paper is the second in a two-part study of identifying mistuning in bladed disks. It presents experimental validation of a new method of mistuning identification based on measurements of the vibratory response of the system as a whole. As a system-based method, this approach is particularly suited to integrally bladed rotors, whose blades cannot be removed for individual measurements. The method is based on a recently developed reduced-order model of mistuning called the fundamental mistuning model (FMM) and is applicable to isolated families of modes. Two versions of FMM system identification are applied to the experimental data: a basic version that requires some prior knowledge of the system’s properties, and a somewhat more complex version that determines the mistuning completely from experimental data.
Highly Active Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: The Synergy of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Coordinatively Labile Ligands (1999)

Two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands at once may be one too many, at least if you intend to have highly active ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis. Density functional calculations recommend the replacement of the second carbene ligand in the successful ROMP catalysts 1 by coordinatively more labile ligands as in 2 or 3. In both cases, the catalytic activity is greatly improved.
Inverse Kinematic Control of a Dual Crane System Experiencing Base Motion (2014)

For over 30 years, many active and passive antipendulation concepts have been explored for use on cranes in the marine environment. These range from simple tension member restraints to command filtering strategies and advanced feedback control laws, where both measured ship/platform motion and payload swing are required. Single crane control systems that compensate for own ship or target ship motion and payload swing damping are well developed, and have been demonstrated. Cargo transfer control is more complex when multiple ship-mounted cranes are used, representing a closed kinematic chain. However, the potential benefits include larger capacity and better load control. In this brief, an inverse kinematic control strategy is presented that uses two cranes' actuation capability (hoist lengths and boom angles) to keep its load fixed in inertial space regardless of the motion of the ship on which the cranes are mounted. An underdetermined solution is developed. Unique crane commands can then be computed using a minimum norm solution. A dynamic simulation is described for use in algorithm development and initial validation. Final verification was performed using two cranes mounted on a motion controlled platform.
OPTICALLY CONTROLLED ALIGNMENT OF LIQUID CRYSTALS (1994)

Optically controlled homogeneous-to-homogeneous alignment of liquid crystals using polarized light is reviewed. Application of this technology to liquid crystal display manufacturing is discussed. Important processing parameters such as tilt angle and optical energy density will be addressed.
Composition-dependent crystallization of alternative gate dielectrics (2003)

We have investigated the crystallization of amorphous oxides that are considered likely candidates to replace amorphous SiO2 as the gate dielectric in advanced field-effect transistors. To avoid crystallization, the mole fraction of main-group oxide in the Zr–Si–O, Zr–Al–O, and Hf–Si–O systems must be greater than 83%, 65%, and 78%, respectively, leading to a maximum useful dielectric constant of only 6.9, 12.7, and 6.6, respectively. We conclude that the silicate systems are not likely to be useful as replacements for SiO2, while aluminates are more promising.
A Method of Transformation from CIE L*a*b* to CMY Value by a Three-Layered Neural Network (1993)

The color reproduction systems, such as a color copier and/or a color printer, are widely used to visualize any graphical information as recent progress in electrophotographic technique. However, some kinds of problems have occurred because the color reproduction theories for these systems are based on the densitometric color value that depend on the difference of physical characteristics of color reproduction systems and/or chemical characteristics of the color materials; the difference of the reproduced color between each color reproduction system. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt CIE L*a*b* value or other colorimetric values as a device-independent representation to reproduce color accurately. Furthermore, we require a method of transformation between device-dependent color representation and independent color representations. Recently, Irie et al. and Funahashi have mathematically proven that the three-layered artificial neural network can approximately realize the continuous mapping with any accuracy unless the number of unit in hidden layer of the network is limited.In this study, we propose the transformation method which realizes the nonlinear mapping from CIE L*a*b* value to CMY dot area size by using a multilayered artificial neural network with a back propagation (BP) learning algorithm. The transformation accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of the color difference between original color chips and the reproduced color chips which correspond to the output of the trained artificial neural network. We show that the ability of the nonlinear mapping of the neural network can provide a practical and an efficient transformation method for color representation.
Microchambers flow simulation for immunoassay-based biosensing applications (2007)

This paper presents fluid modeling and simulation of microchambers within microfluidic chip for immunoassay based biosensing applications. A microfluidic biosensor chip for fluorescence based immunoassay detection of biological elements should include suitably designed chambers with rinsing channels. Microfluidic chambers are necessary in holding and immobilizing enzymes onto the microfluidic surface. They function as center of interest for enzyme interactions and optical detection. It is also necessary to incorporate cleaning function into the micro-chambers to instigate reusability. The shape and size of the chamber is a crucial factor for sensitivity of the integrated biosensor as the optical detection unit would be placed at the top of the chamber. In the present work, combinations of chambers and channels with various geometries and sizes are simulated for rinsing flows. Chambers are analyzed for rinsing behavior under certain pressure drops between the inlet and outlet channels. Average velocity and flow contours are plotted and compared at different cross-sections within the chambers. Simulations are performed using FEM software, FEMLAB (Comsol, Inc., Burlington, MA). Optimized chambers are selected based on optimal rinsing, negligible slow zones without reverse flows, relatively simple geometry and low pressure drops.
Universal scaling relationship for atomic layer etching (2020)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is a multistep process used for removing ultrathin layers of the material. The removal step can be driven by ion bombardment, typically with energies of &lt;100 eV and step times of &gt;1 s. Previously, we reported a new ALE operating regime where exposures to ion energies were &gt;500 eV and step times were &lt;1 s. This paper provides a simple theoretical basis for unifying the low energy/long exposure and high energy/short exposure ALE regimes. This insight is captured in a scaling relationship that expands the concept of an ALE processing window and the corresponding application space.
New torsional actuator based on shear piezoelectric response (1998)

A torsional actuator generating angular displacement from the piezoelectric shear strain was developed. The actuator is a tube consisting of an even number of the segments poled along the length, which are adhesively bonded together, and the joints act as electrodes to apply the driving voltage. The experimental data measured on the prototype actuator: (i) prove the proposed concept of the torsional actuator, (ii) show that the actuator functions well under the torque load, and (iii) demonstrate that is has superior characteristics compared to previously reported designs of torsional actuators. In addition, one of the obvious advantages of the present design of the actuator is its simplicity: the piezoelectric shear strain is transformed directly into the angular displacement, whereas in the previously reported actuators, the conversion mechanism into the torsional motion was rather complicated which thus required a sophisticated design of the whole system.
Development of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and its biological effects (2013)

Development of isoform-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is important in elucidating the function of individual HDAC enzymes and their potential as therapeutic agents. Among the eleven zinc-dependent HDACs in humans, HDAC6 is structurally and functionally unique. Here, we show that a hydroxamic acid-based small-molecule N-hydroxy-4-(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl)benzamide (HPOB) selectively inhibits HDAC6 catalytic activity in vivo and in vitro. HPOB causes growth inhibition of normal and transformed cells but does not induce cell death. HPOB enhances the effectiveness of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs in transformed cells but not normal cells. HPOB does not block the ubiquitin-binding activity of HDAC6. The HDAC6-selective inhibitor HPOB has therapeutic potential in combination therapy to enhance the potency of anticancer drugs.
Tunable and highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates made from large-scale nanoparticle arrays based on periodically poled LiNbO<sub>3</sub>templates (2013)

This work describes novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on ferroelectric periodically poled LiNbO<sub>3</sub> templates. The templates comprise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the size and position of which are tailored by ferroelectric lithography. The substrate has uniform and large sampling areas that show SERS effective with excellent signal reproducibility, for which the fabrication protocol is advantageous in its simplicity. We demonstrate ferroelectric-based SERS substrates with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 70 nm and present tunable SERS effect from Raman active 4-mercaptopyridine molecules attached to AgNPs when excited by a laser source at 514 nm.
Partial amino acid sequence of two major component polypeptides of hepatitis B surface antigen. (1977)

Determination of the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic polypeptides of hepatitis B surface antigen may not only permit molecular localization of the distinct determinants a, d, and y but may also lead to the synthesis of a hapten useful in prophylactic immunization against hepatitis B virus infection. For this purpose, purified monotypic hepatitis B surface antigen of adw subtype was resolved into equal amounts of two major polypeptides (22,000 and 28,000 daltons) and up to six other minor polypeptides by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With the periodate staining reaction, only the 28,000-dalton polypeptide stained as a glycoprotein. Guinea pigs immunized with the 22,000-dalton polypeptide produced potent antisera against determinants a and d, but the 28,000-dalton glycoprotein did not induce a response. Both polypeptides isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed amino acid composition identical with that of the intact antigen. For both polypeptides, hydrazinolysis gave Ile as the carboxyterminus, and carboxypeptidase A digestion gave the same terminal sequence, Val-Tyr-Ile. Both peptides also yielded an identical sequence of amino acids in nine steps of Edman degradation--Met-Glu-Asn-Ile-Thr-Ser(Cys)-Gly-Phe-Leu. Our data suggest that hepatitis B surface antigen contains a single major immunogenic 22,000-dalton polypeptide component, part of which is modified by the addition of carbohydrate to give rise to the glycopeptide of apparent molecular weight 28,000.
Genetic relatedness among human rotavirus genes coding for VP7, a major neutralization protein, and its application to serotype identification (1987)

Antigenic characterization of human rotaviruses by plaque reduction neutralization assay has revealed four distinct serotypes. The outer capsid protein VP7, coded for by gene 8 or 9, is a major neutralization protein; however, studies of rotaviruses derived from genetic reassortment between two strains have confirmed that another outer capsid protein, VP3, is in some cases equally important in neutralization. In this study, the genetic relatedness of the genes coding for VP7 of human rotaviruses belonging to serotypes 1 through 4 was examined by hybridization of their denatured double-stranded genomic RNAs to labeled single-stranded mRNA probes derived from human-animal rotavirus reassortants containing only the VP7 gene of their human rotavirus parent. A high degree of homology was demonstrated between the VP7 genes of strain D and other serotype 1 human rotaviruses, strain DS-1 and other serotype 2 human rotaviruses, strain P and other serotype 3 human rotaviruses, and strain ST3 and other serotype 4 human rotaviruses. Hybrid bands could not be demonstrated between the VP7 gene of D, DS-1, P, or ST3 and the corresponding gene of human rotaviruses belonging to a different serotype. RNA specimens extracted from the stools of 15 Venezuelan children hospitalized with rotavirus diarrhea were hybridized to each of the reassortant probes representing the four human serotypes. All five viruses with short RNA patterns showed homology with the DS-1 strain VP7 gene; two of these were previously adapted to tissue culture and shown to be serotype 2 strains by tissue culture neutralization. Of the remaining 10 viruses with long RNA patterns, 2 hybridized only to the D strain VP7 gene, 6 hybridized only to the P strain VP7 gene, and 2 hybridized only to the ST3 strain VP7 gene. Hybridization using single human rotavirus gene substitution reassortants as probes may provide an alternative method for identifying the VP7 serotype of field isolates that would circumvent the need for tissue culture adaptation.
Auto-focus control and weld process monitoring of laser welding using chromatic filtering of thermal radiation (1998)

The thermal radiation from a weld pool is focused on an aperture and the transmitted thermal radiation is monitored at two wavelengths with high-speed single-element detectors. Due to the chromatic aberration introduced in the focusing optics, the transmittance curve of thermal radiation varies by the wavelength. Likewise, the detector field of view varies by the wavelength. Owing to this difference in the transmittance and in the field of view, the local variation in a weld pool can be monitored by processing the two spectroscopic signals from two detectors. In this paper, the algorithms to monitor the weld pool size and the focus shift are presented and the performances of weld pool size monitoring and auto-focus control are shown for a pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding. The size variation monitoring has been applied to the weld depth and weld defects monitoring. The effects of laser power change and weld defects on the weld pool size variation are also shown.
Flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses with variable focus and magnification (2010)

Non-mechanical variable lenses are important for creating compact imaging devices. Various methods employing dielectrically actuated lenses, membrane lenses, and/or liquid crystal lenses were previously proposed<sup>1-4</sup>. Here we present tunable-focus flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses (LCDL) employing binary Fresnel zone electrodes fabricated on Indium-Tin-Oxide using conventional micro-photolithography. The phase levels can be adjusted by varying the effective refractive index of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between the electrodes and a reference substrate. Using a proper voltage distribution across various electrodes the focal length can be changed. Electrodes are shunted such that the correct phase retardation step sequence is achieved. If the number of 2π zone boundaries is increased by a factor of <i>m</i> the focal length is changed from f to f/m based on the digitized Fresnel zone equation: <i>f = r<sub>m</sub> <sup>2</sup>/2mλ</i>, where <i>r<sub>m</sub> </i>is <i>m<sup>th</sup></i> zone radius, and λ is the wavelength. The lenses operate at very low voltage levels (±2.5V ac input), exhibit fast switching times (20-150 ms), can have large apertures (>10 mm), and small form factor, and are robust and insensitive to vibrations, gravity, and capillary effects that limit membrane and dielectrically actuated lenses. Several tests were performed on the LCDL including diffraction efficiency measurement, switching dynamics, and hybrid imaging with a refractive lens. Negative focal lengths are achieved by adjusting the voltages across electrodes. Using these lenses in combination, magnification can be changed and zoom lenses can be formed. The promising results make LCDL a good candidate for non-mechanical auto-focus and zoom lenses.
Three-Level Prime Arrays with Compressed Subarray for DOA Estimation Using Compressive Sensing (2019)

Nowadays, designing an antenna array that can estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) for large number of sources greater than the number of elements has received a lot of interest. This can be realized by relying on the difference coarray. The realizable degrees of freedom (DOF), which determines the number of sources to be estimated, depends on the virtual antenna locations appear in the difference coarray rather than the array physical elements locations. The presence of missing lags "holes" in the difference coarray leads to less virtual antenna locations. This paper proposes a three-level prime array with compressed subarray (3LPAC) that combines three uniform linear subarrays. The number of antenna elements in the subarrays are pairwise coprime integers. The spacing of one subarray is reduced to maximize the number of consecutive lags. The inter-element spacing of the remaining two subarrays equal to the number of antenna elements of another subarray scaled by half-wavelength. A closed form expression for the antenna locations is derived. The proposed configuration can realize a hole-free difference coarray. Simulation results with examples for difference coarray and DOA estimation validate the effectiveness of the 3LPAC using compressive sensing (CS).
Design of limiting amplifier models for nonlinear amplify-and-forward distributed estimation (2013)

This paper describes the design of limiting amplifier models to be used in the implementation of non-linear amplify-and-forward distributed estimation systems. The use of nonlinear amplifiers in amplify-and-forward distributed estimation can yield significant gains in sensor power efficiency compared to the more conventional linear amplifiers. To ensure similar compression characteristics across all individual sensors and thus allow the receiver to perform estimation, predistortion is utilized to fit all amplifiers to a common shaping function similar to their inherent compression characteristics. When designing this shaping function, knowledge of the receiver noise and the accuracy of the amplifier predistortion is critical to estimating system performance. Analytical expressions for the asymptotic variance are derived for two non-linear amplifier models. The two models analyzed are the scaled hyperbolic tangent and the Cann model. It is found the Cann model with low sharpness can improve power added efficiency in a distributed estimation system. A set of Java-DSP functions is introduced to aid in teaching predistortion design tradeoffs.
Mistuning Identification of Bladed Disks Using a Fundamental Mistuning Model: Part 2 — Application (2003)

This paper is the second in a two-part study of identifying mistuning in bladed disks. It presents experimental validation of a new method of mistuning identification based on measurements of the vibratory response of the system as a whole. As a system based method, this approach is particularly suited to integrally bladed rotors, whose blades cannot be removed for individual measurements. The method is based on a recently developed reduced order model of mistuning called the Fundamental Mistuning Model and is applicable to isolated families of modes. Two versions of FMM system identification are applied to the experimental data: a basic version that requires some prior knowledge of the system’s properties, and a somewhat more complex version that determines the mistuning completely from experimental data.
Mesh Based Obfuscation of Analog Circuit Properties (2019)

In this paper, a technique to design analog circuits with enhanced security is described. The proposed key based obfuscation technique uses a mesh topology to obfuscate the physical dimensions and the threshold voltage of the transistor. To mitigate the additional overhead of implementing the obfuscated circuitry, a satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) based algorithm is proposed to auto-determine the sizes of the transistors selected for obfuscation such that only a limited set of key values produce the correct circuit functionality. The proposed algorithm and the obfuscation methodology is implemented on an LC tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The operating frequency of the VCO is masked with a 24-bit encryption key applied to a 2×6 mesh structure that obfuscates the dimensions of each varactor transistor. The probability of determining the correct key is 5.96×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> through brute force attack. The dimensions of the obfuscated transistors determined by the analog satisfiability (aSAT) algorithm result in at least a 15%, 3%, and 13% deviation in, respectively, the effective transistor dimensions, target frequency, and voltage amplitude when an incorrect key is applied to the VCO. In addition, only one key produces the desired frequency and properly sets the overall performance specifications of the VCO. The simulated results indicate that the proposed design methodology, which quickly and accurately determines the transistor sizes for obfuscation, produces the target specifications and provides protection for analog circuits against IP piracy and reverse engineering.
Effect of Synthetic Human Pancreatic Growth Hormone-Releasing Factors on Plasma Growth Hormone Concentrations in Lactating Cows (1984)

Two fragments of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor, hpGRF-(1-24)-NH2 and hpGRF(1-29)-NH2, were administered to lactating dairy cows in separate experiments. Each experiment involved a 4 X 4 Latin square with treatments being intravenous administration of saline (controls) or three doses of releasing factor (500, 1000, and 2000 micrograms). Administration of the 24-amino acid fragment increased plasma growth hormone concentration from baseline 3 ng/ml to peak 14 ng/ml within 10 min. Growth hormone concentrations returned to baseline by 60 min post treatment. The 29-amino acid fragment resulted in greater responses in both peak concentration (30 ng/ml) and persistency (greater than 240 min). Relationships between dose of releasing factor and response in growth hormone release (as measured by area under the response curve) were not consistent in most cows. Responses of concentrations of growth hormone in blood plasma that result from intravenous injection of up to 2000 micrograms of growth hormone-releasing factor (1-29) would not be sufficient to increase milk yield of cows.