gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorosulfide La2+xSr1−xF4+xS2 with Triple-fluorite Layer Enabling Interstitial Fluoride-ion Conduction (2023)

Fluoride-ion conducting solid materials are applicable as solid electrolytes for sensing devices and next generation rechargeable batteries. Most of the previously reported materials have limited to the single-anion compounds such as fluorite-type, tysonite-type, and perovskite-type structures. These are suffered from further improvements by crystal structure modification which derives a paradigm shift in the material tailoring. Fluoride and sulfide ions prefer respective coordination environments because of the different ionic radii and electronegativity. This feature implies that fluorosulfide mixed-anion compounds have potential to form anion-ordering crystal structures with new fluoride-ion conducting layers. Herein, we have found that the fluorosulfide La2+xSr1−xF4+xS2 exhibits fluoride ion conduction. The presence of multiple anions results in the formation of anion-ordering two-dimensional crystal lattice with triple fluorite layers, which cannot be realized for metal fluorides. Sulfide ions in the crystal structure increases the number of interstitial sites of fluoride ions, forming fluoride ion conduction pathway.
A New Technology for Resistivity Anisotropy Evaluation in Conductive Borehole Environments (2002)

Abstract The drilling industry is turning from the use of oil-based mud to environmentally sensitive water-based mud systems. However, highly conductive water-based mud tends to limit the effective dynamic range of induction instruments, such as the multi-component induction well logging tool (3DEXSM). To illustrate the influence of the conductive borehole and invasion on the 3DEX logs, we performed theoretical simulations for a simple 2-D formation model. To expand the operational range of the 3DEX technology in a water-based mud environment, we propose logging the 3DEX tool in combination with galvanic tools (Dual Laterolog, DLL and Micro Laterolog, MLL, or array lateral log, HDLL, and MLL) and apply the following sequential data interpretation procedure: Determine the formation resistivity structure of the near wellbore environment and the horizontal resistivity of the uncontaminated zone using the galvanic measurements,Determine the vertical resistivity and formation resistivity anisotropy of the uncontaminated zone using the results of the previous step and the deep 3DEX measurements. Evaluation of this technology on a series of synthetic models allows us to outline the expanded 3DEX operational environment. The presented field example validates the technology. The conclusion is that the combination of galvanic and induction measurements along with an inversion-based data interpretation method can effectively extend the dynamic range of the 3DEX technology, allowing the use of this technology in wells drilled with conductive water-based mud systems.
Development and validation of a serum microRNA biomarker panel for detecting gastric cancer in a high-risk population (2021)

Objective An unmet need exists for a non-invasive biomarker assay to aid gastric cancer diagnosis. We aimed to develop a serum microRNA (miRNA) panel for identifying patients with all stages of gastric cancer from a high-risk population. Design We conducted a three-phase, multicentre study comprising 5248 subjects from Singapore and Korea. Biomarker discovery and verification phases were done through comprehensive serum miRNA profiling and multivariant analysis of 578 miRNA candidates in retrospective cohorts of 682 subjects. A clinical assay was developed and validated in a prospective cohort of 4566 symptomatic subjects who underwent endoscopy. Assay performance was confirmed with histological diagnosis and compared with Helicobacter pylori (HP) serology, serum pepsinogens (PGs), ‘ABC’ method, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19-9). Cost-effectiveness was analysed using a Markov decision model. Results We developed a clinical assay for detection of gastric cancer based on a 12-miRNA biomarker panel. The 12-miRNA panel had area under the curve (AUC)=0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95) and AUC=0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) in the discovery and verification cohorts, respectively. In the prospective study, overall sensitivity was 87.0% (95% CI 79.4% to 92.5%) at specificity of 68.4% (95% CI 67.0% to 69.8%). AUC was 0.848 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88), higher than HP serology (0.635), PG 1/2 ratio (0.641), PG index (0.576), ABC method (0.647), CEA (0.576) and CA19-9 (0.595). The number needed to screen is 489 annually. It is cost-effective for mass screening relative to current practice (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio=US$44 531/quality-of-life year). Conclusion We developed and validated a serum 12-miRNA biomarker assay, which may be a cost-effective risk assessment for gastric cancer. Trial registration number This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number: NCT04329299).
Sugar-based poly (anhydride-ester) containing natural antioxidants and antimicrobials: Synthesis and formulation into polymer blends (2016)

Thymol, a naturally occurring antioxidant and antimicrobial, is commonly researched for active packaging applications to deter food spoilage and bacterial growth. However, the high temperature necessary for processing often volatilizes the thymol, reducing its utility. To overcome this processing limitation, sugar-based poly(anhydride-esters) comprising thymol and compounds generally regarded as safe (succinic and tartaric acid) were successful prepared via mild solution polymerization methods. In vitro release studies demonstrated a sustained thymol release over 3 weeks at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, the released thymol displayed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as indicated by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assays, respectively. High-temperature melt blending with low-density polyethylene revealed that the chemical incorporation of thymol into a polymer backbone overcame volatility issues and maintained relevant bioactivity.
Mass-Production of Practical Mussel Adhesive Protein in <i>Escherichia Coli</i> (2008)

Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) have received increased attention as potential environmentally friendly adhesives under aqueous conditions and in medicine. However, attempts to produce functional recombinant MAPs (mainly foot protein type 1, fp-1) by several expression systems have failed. Even though we previously reported a functional expression of recombinant foot protein type 5 (fp-5) with significant adhesive ability in Escherichia coli, its practical use was limited by several problems such as low production yield, low purification yield, and high levels of post-purification insolubility. Here, to overcome these limitations, we designed and constructed the novel type of hybrid mussel bioadhesive fp-151, a fusion protein comprising six fp-1 decapeptide repeats at each fp-5 terminus. Using micro- and bulk-scale characterization and mammalian celladhesion analyses, we demonstrate that fp-151 has the potential to be a practical bioadhesive with strong adhesive ability, a simple purification process (~1 g-purified protein per 1 liter-pilot-scale fed-batch bioreactor culture), proper manipulation properties (~330 g/l solubility), and high biocompatibility.
Tailoring of Chitosans for Gene Delivery: Novel Self-Branched Glycosylated Chitosan Oligomers with Improved Functional Properties (2008)

Chitosan is a promising biomaterial with an attractive safety profile; however, its application potential for gene delivery is hampered by poor compatibility at physiological pH values. Here we have tailored the molecular architecture of chitosan to improve the functional properties and gene transfer efficacy of chitosan oligomers and have developed self-branched glycosylated chitosan oligomer (SB-TCO) substituted with a trisaccharide containing N-acetylglucosamine, AAM. SB-TCO was prepared by controlled depolymerization of chitosan, followed by simultaneous branching and AAM substitution. The product was fully soluble at physiological pH and complexed plasmid DNA into polyplexes of high colloidal and physical stability. SB-TCO displayed high transfection efficacy in HEK293 cells, reaching transfection efficiencies of up to 70%, and large amounts of transgene were produced. Gene transfer efficacy was confirmed in HepG2 cells, where gene expression levels mediated by SB-TCO were up to 10 and 4 times higher than those obtained with unsubstituted and substituted linear oligomers, respectively. The rapid onset of transgene expression in both cell lines indicates efficient DNA release and transcription from SB-TCO polyplexes. In comparison with 22 kDa linear PEI-based transfection reagent used as the control, SB-TCO possessed higher gene transfer efficacy, significantly lower cytotoxicity, and improved serum compatibility.
Slow-Light Fiber-Bragg-Grating Strain Sensor With a 280-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm femtostrain}/\surd{\rm Hz}$</tex></formula> Resolution (2013)

We report a fiber strain sensor based on a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a minimum detectable strain of 280 femtostrain/√Hz in the 20-kHz range. This breakthrough was made possible by operating the FBG on one of its slow-light peaks, and utilizing a FBG with a particularly low loss, fabricated using ultrafast pulses, to maximize the sensitivity. A theoretical and experimental noise analysis shows that the sensor noise is limited by laser frequency noise and not fiber phase noise, which suggests that even greater performance can be expected with a more stable laser frequency. © 2012 Optical Society of America.
Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels of Exceptional Strength and Corrosion Resistance (1996)

Abstract Both the price of nickel and the allergic reaction that it can cause to human beings make it desirable to develop and use nickel-free austenitic stainless steels. The steels should be austenitic so as to avoid ferro-magnetism, a condition which has to be fulfilled for a number of requirements, including its use as implants in the human body, for wrist watch cases and many others. The paper presents the development of a nickel-free steel containing 11 percent manganese, 17 percent chromium, 4 percent molybdenum, and 0.9 percent nitrogen. This austenitic stainless steel has exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. These properties could result in numerous applications of the steel. A limitation, however, is that the steel is not weldable.
CelebrityNet (2015)

Photos are an important information carrier for implicit relationships. In this article, we introduce an image based social network, called CelebrityNet , built from implicit relationships encoded in a collection of celebrity images. We analyze the social properties reflected in this image-based social network and automatically infer communities among the celebrities. We demonstrate the interesting discoveries of the CelebrityNet. We particularly compare the inferred communities with human manually labeled ones and show quantitatively that the automatically detected communities are highly aligned with that of human interpretation. Inspired by the uniqueness of visual content and tag concepts within each community of the CelebrityNet, we further demonstrate that the constructed social network can serve as a knowledge base for high-level visual recognition tasks. In particular, this social network is capable of significantly improving the performance of automatic image annotation and classification of unknown images.
A fast hierarchical watermark detector for real-time software or low-cost hardware implementation (2005)

In this paper, we develop a spread spectrum-based watermark algorithm for real-time software or low-cost hardware implementation. The developed detector is suitable for devices such as stand-alone watermark readers, cellular phones, and PDAs. These devices have primitive operating systems with limited processing power, memory, and system bandwidth. Our embedder tiles the watermark over the host image to let the watermark be detected from any region in the digital or printed watermarked image as the data is streamed through the device. It also adapts the watermark strength locally to maximize detection and minimize watermark visibility. Consequently, the watermark may be detectable only in few regions of the image that are not necessarily aligned with the original tile boundaries. To avoid a brute-force search, our detector uses a hierarchical search algorithm to quickly zoom into the region with the strongest watermark. This approach permits a real-time software implementation of the detector and reduces the necessary gate count, on-chip memory, and system bandwidth for a hardware implementation. Software simulation results of the developed algorithm indicate that the algorithm is very efficient and the detection results are better than those obtained using a sub-sampled brute-force search.
A proposed method for in vivo determination of lithium in human brain (1985)

A method for measuring Li in vivo in human brain is presented. The technique is based on the measurement of tritium gas exhaled by the subject following neutron irradiation of the organ of interest. The gas collection facility used to separate minute amounts of tritium from the breath is described. Methods for reducing the background levels of tritium were investigated. The limit of detection of the system is estimated to be 350 micrograms of Li for the whole brain for a dose of 10 mSv. This detection limit is sufficient for the study of patients treated with lithium compounds, but is too high to study 'normal' brain lithium content. The rate of elimination of tritium gas from the body was also investigated in animal studies. The method also appears suitable for the measurement of lithium levels in the kidney.
An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for High Dimensional Si (1998)

Multidimensional similarity join finds pairs of multi- dimensional points that are within some small distance of each other: The 6-k-d-B tree has been proposed as a data structure that scales better as the number of dimensions in- creases compared to previous data structures. We present a cost model of the E-k-d-B tree and use it to optimize the leaf size. We present novel parallel algorithms for the similar- ity join using the E-k-d-B tree. A load-balancing strategy based on equi-depth histograms is shown to work well for uniform or low-skew situations, whereas another based on weighted equi-depth histograms works far better for high- skew datasets. The latter strategy is only slightly slower than the former strategy for low skew datasets. Furthel; its cost is proportional to the overall cost of the similarity join. The E-k-d-B tree is a new multidimensional index struc- ture that has been proposed for performing similarity join on high-dimensional points (2). It has been shown to be considerably superior to other structures for performing the similarity join on high-dimensional points. In this paper, we present a cost model for performing similarity join using the 6-k-d-B tree. We use our cost model to dynamically determine the leaf size threshold. This threshold has a significant effect on the cost of the sim- ilarity join operation. Our experimental results show that our model is reasonably effective. This cost model is also useful for its parallelization. The parallelization of similarity join is difficult because of skewed amounts of work required in different parts of the tree. The amount of work required for different parts of the tree can be a superlinear function of the number of as- sociated points. In this paper, we present a novel sampling- based scheme for the parallelization of this problem. Our scheme uses a subset of data to estimate the amounts of work required based on the cost model discussed earlier. A comparison with a simplistic scheme based on assigning approximately equal numbers of points to different numbers of processors shows that our scheme performs significantly better in the presence of data skews, even for 16 processors. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe how to determine the optimal or near opti- mal leaf size of the c-k-d-B tree. In Section 3, we describe several parallel algorithms for computing the similarity join and a novel load-balancing strategy suitable for paralleliz- ing problems which are sensitive to the presence of data skew and are not iterative in nature. Section 4 presents ex- perimental results. Section 5 presents our conclusions.
All-optical, all-fiber circulating shift register with an inverter (1991)

An all-optical fiber Sagnac interferometer switch and erbium amplifier have been combined to form an all-optical 254-bit circulating shift register with an inverter. This simple optical loop memory demonstrates the cascadability of Sagnac interferometer switches.
Dynamic structure mediates halophilic adaptation of a DNA polymerase from the deep‐sea brines of the Red Sea (2018)

The deep-sea brines of the Red Sea are remote and unexplored environments characterized by high temperatures, anoxic water, and elevated concentrations of salt and heavy metals. This environment provides a rare system to study the interplay between halophilic and thermophilic adaptation in biologic macromolecules. The present article reports the first DNA polymerase with halophilic and thermophilic features. Biochemical and structural analysis by Raman and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the charge distribution on the protein's surface mediates the structural balance between stability for thermal adaptation and flexibility for counteracting the salt-induced rigid and nonfunctional hydrophobic packing. Salt bridge interactions via increased negative and positive charges contribute to structural stability. Salt tolerance, conversely, is mediated by a dynamic structure that becomes more fixed and functional with increasing salt concentration. We propose that repulsive forces among excess negative charges, in addition to a high percentage of negatively charged random coils, mediate this structural dynamism. This knowledge enabled us to engineer a halophilic version of Thermococcus kodakarensis DNA polymerase.-Takahashi, M., Takahashi, E., Joudeh, L. I., Marini, M., Das, G., Elshenawy, M. M., Akal, A., Sakashita, K., Alam, I., Tehseen, M., Sobhy, M. A., Stingl, U., Merzaban, J. S., Di Fabrizio, E., Hamdan, S. M. Dynamic structure mediates halophilic adaptation of a DNA polymerase from the deep-sea brines of the Red Sea.
Endothelial Cell Antibodies Associated with Novel Targets and Increased Rejection (2014)

The initial contact point between a recipient's immune system and a transplanted graft is the vascular endothelium. Clinical studies suggest a pathogenic role for non-HLA antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) in allograft rejection; however, evidence linking AECAs of known specificity to in vivo vascular injury is lacking. Here, we used high-density protein arrays to identify target antigens for AECAs isolated from the sera of recipients of kidney transplants experiencing antibody-mediated rejection in the absence of donor-specific HLA antibodies. Four antigenic targets expressed on endothelial cells were identified: endoglin, Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand, EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, and intercellular adhesion molecule 4; the first three have been implicated in endothelial cell activation and leukocyte extravasation. To validate these findings, ELISAs were constructed, and sera from an additional 150 renal recipients were tested. All four AECAs were detected in 24% of pretransplant sera, and they were associated with post-transplant donor-specific HLA antibodies, antibody-mediated rejection, and early transplant glomerulopathy. AECA stimulation of endothelial cell cultures increased adhesion molecule expression and production of inflammatory cytokines: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted PDGF and RESISTIN. These correlations between in vitro experiments and in vivo histopathology suggest that AECAs activate the vascular endothelium, amplifying the alloimmune response and increasing microvascular damage. Given the growing number of transplant candidates, a better understanding of the antigenic targets, beyond HLA, and mechanisms of immune injury will be essential for improving long-term allograft survival.
Image and audio sequence visualization and interaction mechanisms for structured video browsing and editing (2000)

We discuss extensions to our video browsing tool described by Hjelsvold et al. (see Handbook of Internet and multimedia systems and applications, 1998). We propose to include audio related informative visual content into our tool. Hence, we suggest representing the audio track of the video by its spectrogram image and pitch curve to enhance the video and audio related information available to the user. This representation also facilitates the correction of automatically computed audio event boundaries and introduction of speaker segments. We also provide a real-time approach for segmenting audio into events, namely, silence, speech and non-speech, to further enhance the audio information space.
<title>Design and simulation of a novel micromachined vibratory gyroscope with enhanced-sensitivity performance</title> (2001)

In this paper, the vibration characteristics of 2-DOF mechanical vibration absorber system are adopted to improve the mechanical sensitivity of a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) vibratory gyroscope sensor. The proposed gyroscope is basically composed of two oscillating masses that are interconnected with flexures. It can be shown that, at their resonance, the secondary mass will absorb most of vibration energy from the primary mass, thus resulting in the vibration amplification that is directly related to the mass ratio between the masses. Therefore, when an angular velocity is applied to such a gyroscope, most of the energy gained due to Coriolis force is transmitted from the primary element to the secondary element. As the primary mass is normally designed to be much bigger than the secondary mass, the Coriolis displacement of the secondary element will be amplified depending on the mass ratio. With the use of the secondary oscillating mass as a capacitive sensing element, the mechanical sensitivity of the gyroscope can be increased significantly. Modelling and simulation of a practical gyroscope design were conducted using ANSYS54 finite element code. The results are presented and verified with the theory.
Optically activated high Tc superconducting microbolometer (2006)

A laser beam, precisely focused on the patterned superconducting structure, was used to nucleate a resistive area that is sensitive to external thermal effects. The electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching were applied as pattern transfer processes in epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O films. Two different sensor designs were tested: (i) 3 millimeters long and 40 micrometers wide stripe and (ii) 1.25 millimeters long, and 50 micron wide meander -like structure. It is shown experimentally that scanning the laser beam along the stripe leads to physical displacement of the sensitive area and, therefore may be used as a basis for imaging over a broad spectral range. For example, patterning the superconducting film into a meander structure is equivalent to a two-dimensional detector array. In additional to the simplicity of the detector fabrication sequence (one step mask transfer), a clear advantage of this approach is the simplicity of the read-out process: an image is formed by registering the signal with only two electrical terminals. The proposed approach can be extended for imaging over a wide spectral range.
Inhibition of T-Cell Activation by Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Derived From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Cultured iPS-derived retinal cells fully suppress T-cell activation. Transplantation of iPS-RPE cells into the eye might be a therapy for retinal disorders.