gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays (2004)

We report the synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) nanowires. The PZT nanowires, with diameters of about 45nm and lengths of about 6μm, were fabricated by means of a sol-gel method utilizing nanochannel alumina templates. After postannealing at 700°C, the PZT nanowires exhibit a polycrystalline microstructure, and x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy study revealed their perovskite crystal structure. The piezoelectric characteristics of individual PZT nanowires were demonstrated by piezoresponse force microscopy.
Viscosity of liquid boron (2010)

Viscosity of liquid boron was measured over the temperature range from 2325 to 2556 K using an electrostatic levitation method combined with an oscillation drop technique. The results obtained revealed that the viscosity increases slowly with decreasing temperature from $2.2\text{ }\text{mPa}\text{ }\text{s}$ at 2550 K to $2.6\text{ }\text{mPa}\text{ }\text{s}$ at 2370 K, and substantially increases with further decrease in temperature below the melting temperature $({T}_{\text{m}}=2360\text{ }\text{K})$, becoming as large as $6.4\text{ }\text{mPa}\text{ }\text{s}$ at 2325 K. The increase in the viscosity suggests that clusters with extension may appear in supercooled liquid of boron.
Predicting Buffer Status Report (BSR) for 6G Scheduling using Machine Learning Models (2022)

In 6G communication, many state-of-the-art ma-chine learning algorithms are going to be implemented to enhance the performances, including the latency property. In this paper, we apply Buffer Status Report (BSR) prediction to the uplink scheduling process, in order to improve the resource allocation solution currently used at the base station. According to the current solution, the base station allocates the resources based on the BSRs. However, since the BSRs do not include information for data arriving after their transmissions, the base station allocates the resources without taking into consideration the new arrival data, which may lead to the increased latency. To solve this problem, we decide to make BSR predictions at the base station side and allocate more resources than BSRs indicate. Making an accurate BSR prediction is a challenging task since there are numerous features that may influence the BSRs. Another challenge in this task is that the time intervals are tremendously short (in the order of milliseconds). After cleaning the data collected from real networks, we convert the time series forecasting problem into a supervised learning problem. State-of-the-art algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), XGboost, and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) are leveraged to predict the data arrival rate, and one K-Fold Cross-Validation is followed to validate the models. The results show that even the time intervals are small, the data arrival rate can be predicted and the downlink data, downlink quality indicator and rank indicator can boost the forecasting performance.
Thermo-Economic Optimization of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Gas Turbine Hybrid System (2006)

Large scale power production benefits from the high efficiency of gas-steam combined cycles. In the lower power range, fuel cells are a good candidate to combine with gas turbines. Such systems can achieve efficiencies exceeding 60%. High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) offer good opportunities for this coupling. In this paper, a systematic method to select a design according to user specifications is presented. The most attractive configurations of this technology coupling are identified using a thermo-economic multi-objective optimization approach. The SOFC model includes detailed computation of losses of the electrodes and thermal management. The system is integrated using pinch based methods. A thermo-economic approach is then used to compute the integrated system performances, size, and cost. This allows to perform the optimization of the system with regard to two objectives: minimize the specific cost and maximize the efficiency. Optimization results prove the existence of designs with costs from 2400$∕kW for a 44% efficiency to 6700$∕kW for a 70% efficiency. Several design options are analyzed regarding, among others, fuel processing, pressure ratio, or turbine inlet temperature. The model of a pressurized SOFC–μGT hybrid cycle combines a state-of-the-art planar SOFC with a high-speed micro-gas turbine sustained by air bearings.
A robust adaptive filtering algorithm with variable step size (2003)

The authors present a variable-step adaptive filtering algorithm (VS-NLMS) that is robust in the presence of interference. An estimated cross-correlation coefficient between the input reference signal and the error signal is used as the variable step size. Compared with the conventional fixed-step adaptive filtering algorithm (NLMS), the VS-NLMS algorithm can achieve much lower misadjustment noise in the steady state with the same convergence speed and tracking ability. The advantageous properties of the VS-NLMS algorithm are confirmed by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimation of geometrically undistorted B<sub>0</sub>inhomogeneity maps (2014)

Geometric accuracy of MRI is one of the main concerns for its use as a sole image modality in precision radiation therapy (RT) planning. In a state-of-the-art scanner, system level geometric distortions are within acceptable levels for precision RT. However, subject-induced B0 inhomogeneity may vary substantially, especially in air-tissue interfaces. Recent studies have shown distortion levels of more than 2 mm near the sinus and ear canal are possible due to subject-induced field inhomogeneity. These distortions can be corrected with the use of accurate B0 inhomogeneity field maps. Most existing methods estimate these field maps from dual gradient-echo (GRE) images acquired at two different echo-times under the assumption that the GRE images are practically undistorted. However distortion that may exist in the GRE images can result in estimated field maps that are distorted in both geometry and intensity, leading to inaccurate correction of clinical images. This work proposes a method for estimating undistorted field maps from GRE acquisitions using an iterative joint estimation technique. The proposed method yields geometrically corrected GRE images and undistorted field maps that can also be used for the correction of images acquired by other sequences. The proposed method is validated through simulation, phantom experiments and applied to patient data. Our simulation results show that our method reduces the root-mean-squared error of the estimated field map from the ground truth by ten-fold compared to the distorted field map. Both the geometric distortion and the intensity corruption (artifact) in the images caused by the B0 field inhomogeneity are corrected almost completely. Our phantom experiment showed improvement in the geometric correction of approximately 1 mm at an air-water interface using the undistorted field map compared to using a distorted field map. The proposed method for undistorted field map estimation can lead to improved geometric distortion correction at air-tissue interfaces, especially in low readout-bandwidth acquisitions, thus making them suitable for clinical use in precision RT without increasing the treatment planning margin.
Contribution of Tomato Phenolics to Antioxidation and Down-regulation of Blood Lipids (2007)

This study was performed to understand the characteristics and biological activities of phenolics in tomatoes and to examine the effect of tomato on the regulation of blood lipids. Tomatoes of both big and small sizes were used fresh, after blanching, or after blanching and heating. Moreover, a human clinical trial was conducted to examine plasma antioxidation, status of blood lipids, and phenolic responses after ingestion of fresh tomato, tomato juice, and a lycopene drink. The contents of tomato phenolics were increased by 34% for small tomato and by 23% for big tomato after treatment by blanching and heating at 100 °C for 30 min. Tomato phenolics showed fair antioxidant activity (57−71%) and also synergistically promoted the antioxidation (81−100%) of tomato carotenoids. In the human clinical study, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in plasma were increased after administration of fresh tomato and tomato juice, but no significant difference was found for lycopene drink consumption. Triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased after administration of fresh tomato and tomato juice, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. Keywords: Tomato; phenolics; lycopene; antioxidation; blood lipids
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of CTP Synthetase Inhibitors as Potential Agents for the Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis (2012)

Acivicin analogues with an increased affinity for CTP synthetase (CTPS) were designed as potential new trypanocidal agents. The inhibitory activity against CTPS can be improved by increasing molecular complexity, by inserting groups able to establish additional interactions with the binding pocket of the enzyme. This strategy has been pursued with the synthesis of α-amino-substituted analogues of Acivicin and N1-substituted pyrazoline derivatives. In general, there is direct correlation between the enzymatic activity and the in vitro anti-trypanosomal efficacy of the derivatives studied here. However, this cannot be taken as a general rule, as other important factors may play a role, notably the ability of uptake/diffusion of the molecules into the trypanosomes.
A Robust Steady-State Model for Flowing-Fluid Temperature in Complex Wells (2007)

Abstract This paper presents an analytic model for computing the wellbore-fluid-temperature profile for steady fluid flow. Although wells with constant-deviation angle can be handled with existing analytic models, complex well architectures demand rigorous treatment. For example, changing geothermal-temperature gradient and deepwater wells present significant challenges. Additionally, available analytic models rarely provide calculation methods for various required thermal parameters, such as the Joule-Thompson coefficient and fluid expansivity. The approach taken in this study entails dividing the wellbore into many sections of uniform thermal properties and deviation angle. The governing differential equation is solved for each section, with fluid temperature from the prior section as the boundary condition. This piecewise approach makes the model versatile, allowing step-by-step calculation of fluid temperature for the entire wellbore. We present simple, thermodynamically sound approaches for estimating thermal parameters. Good success is indicated when performance of the proposed model is compared with data from three wells; producing two-phase gas/oil mixture, single-phase oil, and single-phase gas. Sensitivity of the estimated fluid temperatures to various thermal properties is also examined using our model. Overall, the effects of Joule-Thompson coefficient and liquid expansivity are found to be significant.
Turning the page on navigation (2005)

In this paper, we discuss the findings of an in-depth observational study of reading and within-document navigation and add to these findings the results of a second analysis of how people read comparable digital materials on the screen, given limited navigational functionality. We chose periodicals as our initial foil since they represent a type of material that invites many different kinds of reading and strategies for navigation. Using multiple sources of evidence from the data, we first characterize readers' navigation strategies and specific practices as they make their way through the magazines. We then focus on two observed phenomena that occur when people read paper magazines, but are absent in their digital equivalents: the lightweight navigation that readers use unselfconsciously when they are reading a particular article and the approximate navigation readers engage in when they flip multiple pages at a time. Because page-turning is so basic and seems deceptively simple, we dissect the turn of a page, and use it to illustrate the importance and invisibility of lightweight navigation. Finally, we explore the significance of our results for navigational interfaces to digital library materials.
Highly doped layers as efficient electron–hole recombination contacts for tandem organic solar cells (2010)

A key feature of stacked organic solar cells is an efficient recombination contact at the interface between the solar cells in the stack. Here, an electron current has to be converted into a hole current without loss of energy. Furthermore, the recombination contact has to be highly transparent. We present a new approach for small molecule organic solar cells using highly doped organic layers. Our approach adapts the use of tunnel diodes known from inorganic tandem solar cells. We compare a metal cluster based recombination contact reported in literature to the new approach using different organic tandem solar cell structures. For this purpose, current-voltage characteristics of adequate solar cells are measured. The experiments show that highly doped layers as recombination contacts in tandem organic solar cells are superior to the metal cluster based approach. The proposed concept allows an addition of the open circuit voltages of the subcells of a tandem solar cell, without absorption or reflection at the recombination contact. The results further show that our concept does not depend on the specific choice of materials as it is seen for metal cluster based recombination contacts. It therefore represents a general approach which is compatible to mass manufacturing.
Achievements and challenges in chitral (2003)

So far eight teachers of Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan (AKES,P), Chitral, have graduated from the AKU-IED and are performing different roles under various capacities. The AKES,P runs 51 schools for girls and provides technical support to more than 30 community-based schools in District Chitral. It has one Regional Education Office and four field offices to facilitate educational activities. Professional Development Teachers (PDTs) play diverse roles such as training officer, education officer, field operations officer, and head teacher and teacher educator. The management of the AKES,P determines roles for the PDTs according to the needs of the system. Their roles are so diverse and ambiguous that it is really difficult to see the impact in statistical form. In most of the cases, the PDTs play diverse roles in a single position. For example, a headmaster of a school is, at the same time, a teacher, a teacher educator, a team leader, a community developer and a fee collector. Our presentation and participation in the conference gives us an opportunity to highlight our activities along with the achievements and challenges in Chitral. For this purpose, the PDTs working with AKES,P, Chitral are presenting a joint poster presentation in the conference. The presentation contains pictures of the professional development teachers involved in different activities in the field and gives us an opportunity to present a glimpse of the activities that PDTs are doing in the field.
Human Maf1 negatively regulates RNA Polymerase III transcription via the TFIIB family members Brf1 and Brf2 (2007)

RNA polymerase III (RNA pol III) transcribes many of the small structural RNA molecules involved in processing and translation, thereby regulating the growth rate of a cell. Initiation of pol III transcription requires the evolutionarily conserved pol III initiation factor TFIIIB. TFIIIB is the molecular target of regulation by tumor suppressors, including p53, RB and the RB-related pocket proteins. However, our understanding of negative regulation of human TFIIIB-mediated transcription by other proteins is limited. In this study we characterize a RNA pol III luciferase assay and further demonstrate in vivo that a human homolog of yeast Maf1 represses RNA pol III transcription. Additionally, we show that Maf1 repression of RNA pol III transcription occurs via TFIIIB, specifically through the TFIIB family members Brf1 and Brf2.
GAS TURBINE THERMODYNAMIC AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS METHODS USING AVAILABLE CATALOG DATA (2013)

The overall performance of an open gas turbine can be judged with the knowledge of the main design parameters, but this is quite challenging due to the limited data available from the manufacturer. The turbine manufacturers usually provide data about the turbine interface. However, the data (or information) required to analyze the thermodynamic quality of the gas turbine remains hidden. A theoretical model was developed to evaluate the thermodynamic performance of an open gas turbine (with one combustor) by using available catalog data. Realistic values (from experience) were assumed for the compressor polytropic efficiency, mechanical efficiency, electrical efficiency and pressure drops of the gas turbine. The Engineering Equation Solver (EES) tool has been used for implementing the theoretical model. The published catalog data from the manufacturers is kept as main inputs for the modeled program. The model calculates (or predicts) values for the unknowns i.e. temperature, isentropic and polytropic efficiencies of the individual components (inside the gas turbine), power output and some emission related parameters. The developed program is aimed to be used in the learning lab at the KTH energy department while being a part of the CompEdu learning platform. This program should provide students a possibility to fully analyze the performance of the open gas turbine cycle while judging consistency of gas turbine cycle data sets and completing incomplete gas turbine datasets.
A Discriminative Neural Model for Cross-Lingual Word Alignment (2019)

Elias Stengel-Eskin, Tzu-ray Su, Matt Post, Benjamin Van Durme. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS AT RISK FOR INFERIOR RENAL ALLOGRAFT OUTCOME BY A STRONGLY POSITIVE B CELL FLOW CYTOMETRY CROSSMATCH1 (1994)

To evaluate the influence of a positive B cell flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) on transplant outcome, we retrospectively performed B cell FCXMs for 431 consecutive cadaver renal transplant recipients using the two most current pretransplant sera. All transplant recipients had a negative lymphocytotoxic antiglobulin T cell XM and a negative (< or = 10 channel shift) T cell FCXM. B cell FCXMs were performed using a two-color technique to identify binding of IgG antibody to donor lymph node B lymphocytes stained for CD20. The incidence and causes of graft failure posttransplant were determined by requesting this information from recipient transplant centers. Transplants that failed due to nonimmunological causes (n = 54, 13%) were excluded from the analysis. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. We found no difference in graft survival at one year for transplants where the B cell FCXM was positive in the range of 11 to 50 channel shift (n = 201) compared with those with a negative (< or = 10 channel shift) B cell FCXM (n = 141)--i.e., 90% vs. 91%, P = NS. However, when the positivity in the B cell FCXM was > 50 channel shift (n = 35), significantly fewer grafts survived at one year, compared with those where the channel shift was < or = 50 (n = 342), 63% vs. 91%, P < 0.001. This was true for first transplants as well as regrafts and for transplants performed with a positive as well as a negative standard B cell XM. The detrimental effect of a positive B cell FCXM was seen for sensitized (PRA > 10% at the time of transplant) as well as nonsensitized patients. However, this effect was observed only when the donor had at least a one-DR mismatch. We conclude that a strongly positive B cell flow cytometry crossmatch identifies patients who are at risk for graft loss. Since the risk appears to be only when there is a DR mismatch, the data suggest that the B cell-specific IgG antibody detected by flow cytometry may be specific for the mismatched MHC class II antigens of the donor.
A plastic optical fibre sensor for real-time humidity monitoring (2003)

Certain kinds of cellulose, such as a hydroxyethylcellulose, swell in a humid atmosphere and show a decrease in refractive index. Using this effect, a simple optical humidity sensor with fast response and high sensitivity, which is based on the plastic optical fibre structure change from leaky to guided, was easily fabricated and could be used for real-time humidity monitoring.
JunB differs from c-Jun in its DNA-binding and dimerization domains, and represses c-Jun by formation of inactive heterodimers. (1993)

JunB differs considerably from c-Jun in its ability to activate AP-1-responsive genes and induce oncogenic transformation. We demonstrate that the decreased ability of JunB to activate gene expression is the result of a small number of amino acid changes between its DNA-binding and dimerization motifs and the corresponding regions of c-Jun. These changes lead to a 10-fold decrease in the DNA-binding activity of JunB. JunB can be converted into a c-Jun-like activator by substituting four amino acids in its DNA-binding and dimerization motifs with the corresponding c-Jun sequences. JunB can also attenuate trans-activation by c-Jun, an activity mediated by its leucine zipper. This ability depends on two glycine residues that decrease the stability of the JunB leucine zipper, resulting in decreased homodimerization and increased heterodimerization. These results illustrate how small changes in primary structure, including chemically conservative changes, can result in functional divergence of two highly related transcriptional regulators.
An independently controllable multiline laser resonator and its use in multifrequency injection locking (1976)

A resonator configuration is described which makes it possible to obtain simultaneous laser oscillation on several preselected transitions without the coupling effect. This resonator is used in a multifrequency injection-locking system in which the energy of an atmospheric TEA CO2 laser is extracted in several preselected transitions.
Rationally designed "dipeptoid" analogs of CCK. Acid mimics of the potent and selective non-peptide CCK-B receptor antagonist (CI-988) (1992)

This paper outlines the synthesis of selected acid mimics of the non-peptide CCK-B selective antagonist CI-988, 1. CCK-B and CCK-A binding affinities of these analogues are described and their CCK-B affinity and selectivity rationalized by consideration of the pK(a) values, charge distribution, and geometry of the respective acid mimics. Several of the compounds have CCK-B binding affinities similar to the parent carboxylic acid 1 (CCK-B, IC50 = 1.7 nM; pK(a) = 5.6) and span a pK(a) range of less than 1 (sulfonic acid 27) to greater than 9.5 (5-thio-1,2,4-triazole 24). Among the more active compounds synthesized are tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-2-yl [R-(R*,R*)]-[2-[[2-[[(3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolyl)acetyl]-amino]-2- phenylethyl]amino]-1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl+ ++]carbamate (15), tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-2-yl [R-(R*,R*)]-[1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-2-[[2-[(1-oxo- 3-sulfopropyl)amino]-2-phenylethyl]amino]-ethyl]carbamate, monosodium salt (27), and tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-2-yl [R-(R*,R*)]-[1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1- methyl-2-oxo-2-[[2-[[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylsulfinyl)acetyl]a mino]-2-phenylethyl]amino]ethyl]carbamic acid (34) which have CCK-B binding affinities of IC50 = 2.6, 1.3, and 1.7 nM, CCK-A/-B ratios of 650, 780, and 550 and pK(a) values of 6.5, less than 1, and 7.0, respectively.