gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved electrolyte for lithium-thionyl chloride battery. [Patent application] (1980)

A lithium, thionyl chloride battery is provided with an electrolyte which makes it safe under a reverse voltage condition. The electrolyte is niobium pentachloride which is dissolved in the thionyl chloride.
Optical Injection Locking of a Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillator (2009)

A semiconductor based, injection locked coupled optoelectronic oscillator is presented, operating at 10.25 GHz and seeded with a narrow linewidth CW laser operating at 1550 nm. Optical supermode suppression is demonstrated via increased comb visibility.
Nanostructured photoactive films synthesized by a flame aerosol reactor (2007)

Abstract A flame aerosol reactor (FLAR) system was used to deposit nanostructured photocatalytic films of titanium dioxide with well controlled morphologies. Nanoparticles were generated in the aerosol phase and then deposited onto a water‐cooled substrate via thermophoresis. Two important parameters that influenced film characteristics were the titanium precursor feed rate and substrate temperature, through their effect on particle sintering dynamics on the substrate. The size of the particles as they arrived at the substrate was controlled by varying the titanium precursor feed rate. When the size was below ∼8 nm, sintering was completed in the time available to obtain films with columnar nanostructures. Larger particle sizes resulted in granular, particulate films. The temperature of the substrate was also an important parameter as it controlled the sintering rate and the resultant crystal phase of the film. The thickness of the films was controlled by varying the precursor feed rate and deposition time. The performance of the as‐synthesized photocatalytic films was established by measuring the resultant photocurrents. Well sintered columnar morphologies and thicker films (in the range of 40–900 nm) resulted in the largest photocurrents. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Powder metallurgy of titanium alloys (1990)

AbstractAbstractThe powder metallurgy of titanium alloys is reviewed for both the blended elemental (BE) and prealloyed (PA) approaches. The BE technique allows low cost processing with mechanical behaviour at ingot metallurgy levels except for fatigue performance; and this latter property can be raised significantly by use of low chloride sponge. The PA method leads to mechanical behaviour in all respects at least at ingot metallurgy levels, and could soon be accepted as a cost effective manufacturing technique in the demanding aerospace industry. Future developments in the titanium powder metallurgy arena are proposed for both major approaches.
Sputter Deposition of BiSrCaCuO Thin Films (1988)

The sputter deposition of superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films was studied with particular reference to the relation between the deposition conditions and the superconducting properties of the films obtained. After annealing, the films sputtered from a sintered Bi 1.3 Sr 1 Ca 1 Cu 1.5 O x target exhibited superconductivity with zero-resistance at 83 K. The possibility of obtaining high- T c superconducting film without post-deposition annealing was also demonstrated.
Performance of the high-definition circulating tumor cells (HD-CTC) assay in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2012)

e21074 Background: Technologies to isolate and study circulating tumor cells (CTCs) became available in recent years. To date, the most widely employed techniques to detect CTCs use EpCAM based enrichment protocols. However, those assays are only able to find CTCs in a minority of patients with NSCLC, thus limiting its potential applicability. We are reporting performance of a new enrichment-free HD-CTC assay in patients with NSCLC. Methods: This multi-institutional study recruited patients with all stages of NSCLC. Blood was collected at the time of the study entry, 3 weeks, 3m, 6m, 9m, and 12 m. CTCs were identified with enrichment free fluorescent labeling followed by automated digital microscopy. CTCs were physically and morphologically characterized by cytokeratin (CK) intensity, nuclear size, apoptotic changes, and aggregate formation. Cells were classified as HD-CTCs if they met strict morphologic and immunofluorescence characteristics. This assay has been previously validated in 15 normal controls. Results: 106 patients were recruited (I-10, II-3, III-34, IV-59), 78 were chemotherapy naïve. 85%, 79%, and 53% of patients with stages, I+II, III, and IV had detectable HD-CTCs. The chemotherapy naïve cohort had median HD-CTCs of 4.4/mL (range 0–515.6) and a mean of 44.1 (±95.2)/mL. No significant differences were detected in median HD-CTC count between tumor stages (p = 0.32). CK intensity, nuclear size, frequency of apoptosis and aggregate formation was also similar across stages. 28 patients with stage IV disease were analyzed with multiple draws over time. Mean CTC counts were averaged over multiple draws. In each individual patient there was a trend for increased CTC prevalence with advancement of the disease. Median survival was 244 days for patients with ≥5 CTC/mL vs. 304 days for patients with < 5 CTC/mL. HR 4.0, (p=0.0084). Conclusions: The HD-CTC assay can detect CTCs in a high percentage of patients with early and advanced NSCLC. Small subset analysis demonstrated the prognostic value for the enumeration of HD-CTCs. The high prevalence of HD-CTCs across stages could make this assay an ideal candidate for larger scale investigation into prognostic and predictive features of HD-CTCs.
Normal myocardial perfusion values on high-resolution pixel-wise perfusion maps (2013)

Background The feasibility and pre-clinical validation of pixel-wise quantification of myocardial perfusion on standard and high-resolution first-pass perfusion CMR images has been recently described. However, the diagnostic criteria for the detection of CAD have not yet been defined and normal values in healthy subject are unknown. Aim of this study was to define normal reference values of stress and rest myocardial perfusion on highresolution pixel-wise perfusion maps.
Variation in tissue outcome in ovine and human tissue engineered cardiovascular tissue (2009)

Heart valve tissue engineering (TE, Fig 1) seeks to overcome the shortcomings of current valve replacements [1] by creating living autologous heart valves that have the ability to grow, repair and remodel. To evaluate the in-vivo efficacy of TE heart valves, an ovine model is prescribed. However, the translation from ovine model to the clinic is not straightforward. For future clinical applications it is relevant to control the tissue culture process to predict tissue properties and functionality.
Bringing practical lock-free synchronization to 64-bit applications (2004)

Many lock-free data structures in the literature exploit techniques that are possible only because state-of-the-art 64-bit processors are still running 32-bit operating systems and applications. As software catches up to hardware, "64-bit-clean" lock-free data structures, which cannot use such techniques, are needed.We present several 64-bit-clean lock-free implementations: load-linked/store-conditional variables of arbitrary size, a FIFO queue, and a freelist. In addition to being portable to 64-bit software, our implementations also improve on previous ones in that they are space-adaptive and do not require knowledge of the number of threads that will access them.
Slot silicon microphone: Analytical and experimental study (1999)

The diaphragm, as an acoustically active part of the electrostatic silicon transducer, is usually located in the front of the transducer, and the size of the substrate plate determines the entire size of the assembly. It is possible to place on the substrate plate a higher number of sensors and thus obtain a higher sensitivity of the whole system. The increasing number of diaphragms provokes the enlargement of the frontal area of the assembly and the device loses its miniature size. In this contribution a new arrangement is presented of electrostatic or similar pressure sensors with an indirect pressure excitation of their diaphragms and with a small frontal area of the assembly [A. Stoffel and Z. Skvor, Slot microphone, Applic. for U.S. Patent 9,010,032]. Together with an adjacent plate, the substrate plate with diaphragms forms a thin rectangular air-gap with constant or variable cross section and with frontal or frontal and lateral opening. The analytical description is based on the solution of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation and the transfer function was derived with respect to visco-thermal losses and was experimentally verified.
Preliminary Studies on the Use of Reactive Distillation in the Production of Beverage Spirits (2019)

Distilled alcoholic beverages have been produced through fermentation and distillation for centuries but have not purposefully involved a chemical reaction to produce a flavoring. Introducing a microorganism to produce butyric acid along with the typical yeast ethanol fermentation sets up a reactive distillation system to flavor a spirit with ethyl butyrate and butyric acid. The ternary interactions of water, ethanol, and butyric acid allow all three to vaporize in the stripping distillation, thus they are concentrated in the low wines and give a large excess of ethanol compared to butyric acid for better reaction completion. The stripping distillation has also been modeled on Aspen Plus® V9 software (by Aspen Technology, Inc. Bedford, MA, USA) and coincides well with a test stripping distillation at the bench scale. Amberlyst® 15 wet catalyst was added to a subsequent distillation, resulting in the production of the desired ethyl butyrate in the distillate, measured by gas chromatography. Primary sensory evaluation has determined that this process has a profound effect on the smell of the spirit with the main flavor being similar to fruity bubble gum. The current results will provide a pathway for creating spirits with a desired flavor on demand without acquiring a heavy capital cost if a beverage distillation column is already purchased.
Cell–Nanofiber-Based Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Improved Cell Seeding, Growth Factor, and Bioreactor Technologies (2008)

Biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds serving as an extracellular matrix substitute have been shown to be applicable for cartilage tissue engineering. However, a key challenge in using nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering is that the small pore size limits the infiltration of cells, which may result in uneven cell distribution throughout the scaffold. This study describes an effective method of chondrocyte loading into nanofibrous scaffolds, which combines cell seeding, mixing, and centrifugation to form homogeneous, packed cell-nanofiber composites (CNCs). When the effects of different growth factors are compared, CNCs cultured in medium containing a combination of insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 express the highest mRNA levels of collagen type II and aggrecan. Radiolabeling analyses confirm the effect on collagen and sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) production. Histology reveals chondrocytes with typical morphology embedded in lacuna-like space throughout the entire structure of the CNC. Upon culturing using a rotary wall vessel bioreactor, CNCs develop into a smooth, glossy cartilage-like tissue, compared to a rough-surface tissue when maintained in a static environment. Bioreactor-grown cartilage constructs produce more total collagen and sGAG, resulting in greater gain in net tissue weight, as well as express cartilage-associated genes, including collagen types II and IX, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and aggrecan. In addition, dynamic culture enhances the mechanical property of the engineered cartilage. Taken together, these results indicate the applicability of nanofibrous scaffolds, combined with efficient cell loading and bioreactor technology, for cell-based cartilage tissue engineering.
Megavoltage CT imaging as a by-product of multileaf collimator leakage (2000)

In addition to their potential for the delivery of highly conformal radiation therapy treatments, tomotherapeutic treatments also feature increased potential for verification. For example, megavoltage CT allows one to use the megavoltage linac to generate tomographic images of the patient in the treatment position. This is typically done before or after radiation therapy treatments. However, it is also possible to collect MVCT images entirely during the treatment itself. This process utilizes the leakage radiation through the closed leaves of the Nomos MIMiC MLC, along with slight inefficiencies in treatment delivery, to generate MVCT images during treatment that require neither additional time nor dose. The image quality is limited, yet sufficient to see a patient's external boundary, density differences over 8% for 25.0 mm objects and resolutions of 3.0 mm for high-contrast objects. Such images can potentially be viewed during treatment, used to flag additional CT immediately after the treatment and provide a representation of the patient's exact position during treatment for use with dose reconstruction.
A bend transducer for backscatter RFID sensors (2012)

Backscatter RFID sensors are beneficial for sensing applications where small, low-maintenance sensor nodes are needed. In this paper, a transducer to monitor the curvature of a tagged object for backscatter RFID senors operating at 5.8GHz is presented. It is shown, by vector network analyzer measurements, that the presented prototype, an open-circuited microstrip line resonator, changes its input impedance with bending and thus, proves feasible for integration in an RFID sensor. Analysis of the transducer's performance when integrated in a backscatter sensor is provided.
A Low‐Frequency Energy Harvester from Ultralong, Vertically Aligned BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanowire Arrays (2014)

An energy harvester with a low resonant frequency using ultralong vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays is developed and its power harvesting behavior is characterized when subjected to low amplitude base vibrations. The BaTiO3 nanowire energy harvester has favorable attributes such as compact size and low resonant frequency for its potential implementation in consumer electronics and biomedical applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An inverse PDE-ODE model for studying building energy demand (2013)

Development of an accurate heat transfer model of buildings is of high importance. Such a model can be used for analyzing energy efficiency of buildings, predicting energy consumption and providing decision support for energy efficient operation of buildings. In this paper, we propose a PDE-ODE hybrid model to describe heat transfer through building envelope as well as heat evolution inside building. A inversion procedure is presented to recover parameters of equations from sensor data and building characteristic so that the model represents a specific building with current physical condition. By matching the simulated temperature and thermal energy dynamic profile with EnergyPlus generated data and actual field data, we validate the model and demonstrate its capability to predict energy demand under various operation condition.
Improvement in the radio frequency method to pasteurise shell eggs by automation and cost reduction (2018)

Summary The existing radio frequency ( RF ) shell egg pasteurisation method, while 60% faster than the industrial hot water method, requires manual rotation of the eggs and expensive deionised water. Therefore, the RF pasteurisation equipment was redesigned to automate egg rotation and use inexpensive tap water. A two‐step process heated eggs for 6 min with RF and then for 15 min with 56.7 °C water. The 21‐min combination process reduced Salmonella Typhimurium in eggs by 6.1 log without affecting the appearance of the albumen, whereas processing with 56.7 °C water alone required 60 min to reduce Salmonella by 5.0 log and clouded the albumen. Angel food cakes made from 21 min RF eggs had significantly greater volumes ( P < 0.0001) than those from 60‐min hot water eggs. The improved RF process produced better eggs and cakes than those from the industrial hot water process and is now commercially feasible.
OLET architectures for electrically-pumped organic lasers (2008)

Organic light emitting transistors (OLET) have been recently demonstrated as innovative architectures combining into an integrated optoelectronic device multi-functional properties namely, the driving ability of a transistor device with the conversion of electrical current into efficient light emission via electronic relaxation of organic semiconductors. State of the art materials, achievement and performances will be presented and discussed in view of possible OLET architectures exploitation as electrically pumped organic nanolasers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Iodobenzamide Analogues: Potential D‐2 Dopamine Receptor Imaging Agents. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of the bromonaphthalenecarboxylic acid chloride (I) with the (S)‐(‐)‐(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine (II) yields the amide (III) which is converted to the desired iodonaphthalene (VI) via the stannyl derivative (V).
Demonstration of an association between detection of IgG antibody reactivity towards the C‐terminal region of the preS1 protein of hepatitis B virus and the capacity to respond to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B (2007)

The positive predictive value (PPV) of anti preS1(94-117) in determining a virological response was 83% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%, indicating that in the absence of pretreatment anti preS1 reactivity virtually no patient has the capacity to respond to IFN-alpha therapy. Our findings may help to improve the efficacy of INF-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) by guiding the selection of patients for treatment and optimizing the clinical management of the individual patient.
Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO.sub.2 to CO using ligand-protected Au.sub.25 clusters (2015)

An apparatus and method for CO.sub.2 reduction using an Au.sub.25 electrode. The Au.sub.25 electrode is comprised of ligand-protected Au.sub.25 having a structure comprising an icosahedral core of 13 atoms surrounded by a shell of six semi-ring structures bonded to the core of 13 atoms, where each semi-ring structure is typically --SR--Au--SR--Au--SR or --SeR--Au--SeR--Au--SeR. The 12 semi-ring gold atoms within the six semi-ring structures are stellated on 12 of the 20 faces of the icosahedron of the Au.sub.13 core, and organic ligand --SR or --SeR groups are bonded to the Au.sub.13 core with sulfur or selenium atoms. The Au.sub.25 electrode and a counter-electrode are in contact with an electrolyte comprising CO.sub.2 and H+, and a potential of at least -0.1 volts is applied from the Au.sub.25 electrode to the counter-electrode.
Genome-Wide Maps of Circulating miRNA Biomarkers for Ulcerative Colitis (2012)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease--comprised of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (UC)--is a complex, multi-factorial inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study we have explored the utility of naturally occurring circulating miRNAs as potential blood-based biomarkers for non-invasive prediction of UC incidences. Whole genome maps of circulating miRNAs in micro-vesicles, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and platelets have been constructed from a cohort of 20 UC patients and 20 normal individuals. Through Significance Analysis of Microarrays, a signature of 31 differentially expressed platelet-derived miRNAs has been identified and biomarker performance estimated through a non-probabilistic binary linear classification using Support Vector Machines. Through this approach, classifier measurements reveal a predictive score of 92.8% accuracy, 96.2% specificity and 89.5% sensitivity in distinguishing UC patients from normal individuals. Additionally, the platelet-derived biomarker signature can be validated at 88% accuracy through qPCR assays, and a majority of the miRNAs in this panel can be demonstrated to sub-stratify into 4 highly correlated intensity based clusters. Analysis of predicted targets of these biomarkers reveal an enrichment of pathways associated with cytoskeleton assembly, transport, membrane permeability and regulation of transcription factors engaged in a variety of regulatory cascades that are consistent with a cell-mediated immune response model of intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, comparison of the miRNA biomarker panel and genetic loci implicated in IBD through genome-wide association studies identifies a physical linkage between hsa-miR-941 and a UC susceptibility loci located on Chr 20. Taken together, analysis of these expression maps outlines a promising catalog of novel platelet-derived miRNA biomarkers of clinical utility and provides insight into the potential biological function of these candidates in disease pathogenesis.
Banner (2019)

Mobile vision systems would benefit from the ability to situationally sacrifice image resolution to save system energy when imaging detail is unnecessary. Unfortunately, any change in sensor resolution leads to a substantial pause in frame delivery -- as much as 280 ms. Frame delivery is bottlenecked by a sequence of reconfiguration procedures and memory management in current operating systems before it resumes at the new resolution. This latency from reconfiguration impedes the adoption of otherwise beneficial resolution-energy tradeoff mechanisms. We propose Banner as a media framework that provides a rapid sensor resolution reconfiguration service as a modification to common media frameworks, e.g., V4L2. Banner completely eliminates the frame-to-frame reconfiguration latency (226 ms to 33 ms), i.e., removing the frame drop during sensor resolution reconfiguration. Banner also halves the end-to-end resolution reconfiguration latency (226 ms to 105 ms). This enables a more than 49% reduction of system power consumption by allowing continuous vision applications to reconfigure the sensor resolution to 480p compared with downsampling from 1080p to 480p, as measured in a cloud-based offloading workload running on a Jetson TX2 board. As a result, Banner unlocks unprecedented capabilities for mobile vision applications to dynamically reconfigure sensor resolutions to balance the energy efficiency and task accuracy tradeoff.