gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of thermal stability in photochromic holograms (2009)

Significant improvement of the thermal stability of the hologram recorded on photochromic materials had been achieved via covalent bonding of the photochromic dye to the polymer matrix as compared to the host-guest systems. For the photochromic materials with covalent bonding of the dye to the polymer matrix the level of thermal stability is demonstrated such that at temperatures (T) ca. 100 degrees C there was no detectable diffusion-type degradation of the hologram's diffraction efficiency after 6 h of exposure to elevated T. The same heating of the hologram in photochromic host-guest polymer led to a full hologram erasure within 40 min.
Kenngrößen für die Angabe der Genauigkeit von Koordinatenmeßgeräten / Characteristic parameters for describing accuracy of coordinate measuring machines (1983)

Article Kenngrößen für die Angabe der Genauigkeit von Koordinatenmeßgeräten / Characteristic parameters for describing accuracy of coordinate measuring machines was published on December 1, 1983 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 50, issue JG).
Volume sculpting based on geometric tools (2009)

Abstract The analysis of volumetric datasets is the main concern in many areas ranging from geophysics to biomedical sciences. The direct visualization of these data plays an important role in this scenario, and in spite of developments in volume visualization techniques, interacting with large datasets still demands research efforts due to perceptual and performance issues. There is a need of interactive sculpting tools which can provide an intuitive way to examine and explore inner parts of the datasets, as well as to fill missing data for specific purposes. In this paper we report the development of interactive, intuitive and easy-to-use sculpting tools, which specify regions within the volume to be discarded from rendering, thus allowing inspection of the volume interior, and to be filled with material to build virtual structures in the volume. Interactive rates for these sculpting tools were obtained by running special fragment programs on the graphics hardware. The tools were implemented using two interaction metaphors (virtual pointer and virtual hand) and following different approaches in terms of devices and single versus two-handed interaction. We report the evaluation of these approaches in detail and concluded that the use of two different devices together presents a better performance and are preferred by users. Moreover, the use of virtual hand interaction provided better results than using the virtual pointer during the tests.
High Cell Density Three-Dimensional Neural Co-Cultures Require Continuous Medium Perfusion for Survival (2006)

Three-dimensional (3-D) models of neural cell culture may provide researchers with a more physiologically-relevant setting to study neurobiological phenomena than traditional two-dimensional (2-D) culture models. However, in the development of thick (>500 microm) 3-D cultures, diffusion limited mass transport necessitated the use of cell densities much lower than those found in the central nervous system (CNS). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous medium perfusion on the survival of thick, 3-D neuronal-astrocytic co-cultures at cell densities closer to those found in brain tissue. At the cell density and thickness used for these studies, 10(4) cells/mm(3) and 500-750 microm, respectively, non-perfused cultures exhibited widespread cellular/matrix degradation and cell death. However, co-cultures perfused at relatively high rates (2.5-11.0 microL/min, corresponding to 6-27 medium exchanges/day) demonstrated decreased degradation and enhanced viability compared to non-perfused co-cultures. Furthermore, the highest perfusion rate evaluated, 11.0 microL/min, resulted in >90% cell viability and maintenance of culture thickness. Next generation 3-D neural cultures, with cell types and densities better approximating the CNS, may provide enhanced model fidelity and be valuable in the mechanistic study of cell growth, interactions, and the responses to chemical or mechanical perturbations.
Modulation of Allospecific CTL Responses During Pregnancy in Equids: An Immunological Barrier to Interspecies Matings? (1999)

Maternal immune recognition of the developing conceptus in equine pregnancy is characterized by the strongest and most consistent alloantibody response described in any species, a response directed almost exclusively against paternal MHC class I Ags. This work investigated the cellular immune response to paternal MHC Ags in pregnant and nonpregnant horses and donkeys, and in horses carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses. We observed profound decreases in classical, MHC-restricted, CTL activity to allogeneic paternal cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes from both horse mares and donkey jennets carrying intraspecies pregnancies, compared with cells from nonpregnant controls. This is the first evidence in a randomly bred species for a generalized systemic shift of immune reactivity away from cellular and toward humoral immunity during pregnancy. Surprisingly, mares carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses did not exhibit this transient, pregnancy-associated decrease in CTL activity. The failure of interspecies pregnancy to down-regulate cellular immune responses may be a heretofore-unrecognized, subtle barrier to reproductive success between species.
Einleitung (1998)

Dieses Buch handelt von der Bevölkerung eines Landes, die sich in freien Wahlen für die Abschaffung der ihr vertrauten Ordnung entschied und für die Übernahme eines völlig anderen Gesellschaftssystems votierte. Die Besonderheit eines solchen Vorgangs, die dabei zu bewältigenden politischen, sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, moralischen und psychischen Probleme, die zahlreichen Fehleinschätzungen, die damit provozierten positiven und negativen Überraschungen und schließlich die Unwägbarkeiten des Fortgangs dieses relativ spontan vollzogenen Anschlusses eines Staates an einen anderen bieten eine umfangreiche und interessante Stoffülle. Mit Hilfe der Auswertung empirischer Daten und unter Bezugnahme auf sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien soll versucht werden, diesen Prozeß zu beschreiben, um ihn schließlich besser verstehen zu können.
An Iterative Refinement DSA Image Registration Algorithm Using Structural Image Quality Measure (2009)

This paper proposes a iterative robust algorithm for the registration of digital angiography images. The registration is iteratively refined with the extracted vessel information and the SSIM index is employed as similarity measure. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm yields good global and local registration, and SSIM index outperforms MI as a similarity measure in the DSA image registration.
Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 2: Pulsed plasma polymerization (2003)

This new functionalization method consists of the deposition of very thin plasma polymer layers (20 to 100 nm) of functional group bearing monomers in pulsed plasma. With allylalcohol, a maximum of 30 OH groups per 100 C atoms was measured with a selectivity of about 90% and a significant stability at long-time exposure to air. Allylamine was used to produce primary amino groups, with a maximum of 18 NH2groups per 100 C atoms. Side reactions were observed during the storage in air, such as oxidation of the amino groups. Carboxylic groups could be produced using acrylic acid with a maximum concentration of 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms. The most prominent side reaction was the decarbonylation/ decarboxylation of the acid group during plasma deposition. The variation of the density of functional groups using the pulsed-plasma polymerization of functional-group-bearing monomers was possible by the chemically-initiated radical copolymerization with either a chain-extending monomer, such as ethylene, or a cross linker, such as butadiene, in plasma. The density of functional groups could be adjusted continuously (0 to 30 OH, 0 to 18 NH2 and 0 to 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms). The successful application of these densely functionalized polymer surfaces for producing biocompatible surfaces and for use in metal–polymer composites is proposed.
Kernel Additive Modeling for interference reduction in multi-channel music recordings (2015)

When recording a live musical performance, the different voices, such as the instrument groups or soloists of an orchestra, are typically recorded in the same room simultaneously, with at least one microphone assigned to each voice. However, it is difficult to acoustically shield the microphones. In practice, each one contains interference from every other voice. In this paper, we aim to reduce these interferences in multi-channel recordings to recover only the isolated voices. Following the recently proposed Kernel Additive Modeling framework, we present a method that iteratively estimates both the power spectral density of each voice and the corresponding strength in each microphone signal. With this information, we build an optimal Wiener filter, strongly reducing interferences. The trade-off between distortion and separation can be controlled by the user through the number of iterations of the algorithm. Furthermore, we present a computationally effective approximation of the iterative procedure. Listening tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
The enhanced bandwidth folded inverted conformal antenna (EB FICA) for mufti-band cellular handsets (2007)

An internal multi-band antenna for mobile phones featuring wide fractional bandwidth is presented. The antenna is realized by a flat conformal conductor above the ground plane, featuring a feed and ground connections to the PCB. A slot is cut in the flat conductor, which is open only in between the ground and feeding connections of the flat conductor, thus forming a slit. This structure is called enhanced bandwidth folded inverted conformal antenna (EB-FICA), with reference to its precursor FICA (Di Nallo and Faraone, 2005). The EB-FICA can be designed to be penta-band, covering the four GSM bands and the UMTS Rx band, and has been adopted in several Motorola products.
Micronutrient Supplementation in Adult Nutrition Therapy: Practical Considerations (2009)

Preexisting micronutrient (vitamins and trace elements) deficiencies are often present in hospitalized patients. Deficiencies occur due to inadequate or inappropriate administration, increased or altered requirements, and increased losses, affecting various biochemical processes and resulting in organ dysfunction, poor wound healing, and altered immune status with deleterious sequelae. Guidelines for the 13 essential vitamins and 10 essential trace elements have been established. These recommendations, however, are applicable to healthy adults and not to critically ill patients, in whom decreased serum levels may indicate actual deficiencies or a deficiency due to redistribution. Benefits of supplementation over and above the daily requirements, which may not result in increased serum levels, are also unclear and may, in fact, be detrimental. Vitamin requirements are increased in disease states, but a similar recommendation for trace elements has not been initiated except for selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). In practice, a multivitamin preparation and a multiple trace element admixture (containing Zn, Se, copper, chromium, and manganese) are added to parenteral nutrition formulations. Most enteral nutrition preparations also contain adequate amounts of vitamins and trace elements, although bioavailability may be an issue. Detailed information about individual micronutrient use specifically in hospitalized adult patients receiving nutrition therapy will be discussed, emphasizing the practical and clinical aspects. Clinicians are encouraged to think of micronutrients not as nutritional supplements alone but also as therapeutic agents and nutraceuticals.
Credit Card Fraud Detection with a Cascade Artificial Neural Network and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (2014)

Credit Card Fraud is one of the biggest threats to business establishments today. This paper presents a cascade artificial neural network for the recognition of credit card fraud detection. This system aims at attaining a very high recognition rate and a very high reliability, In other words, excellent recognition performance of credit card fraud detection was obtained. Then, One solution was proposed: utilizing a cascade artificial neural networks for enhancing recognition rate and reducing rejection rate. The gating networks (GNs) are used to congregate the confidence values of three parallel artificial neural networks (ANNs) classifiers. The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is a new evolutionary algorithm which was recently introduced and has a good performance in some optimization problems. The weights of the GNs are trained by the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) to achieve the overall optimal performance. The experiments conducted on the database from a large Brazilian bank produced encouraging results: high accuracy of 98.56% with minimal rejection in the last cascade layer.
Steel corrosion inhibition by calcium nitrate in halide-enriched completion fluid environments (2018)

Abstract Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) has been suggested to inhibit steel corrosion. However, the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition offered by calcium nitrate in highly halide-enriched environments, for example, completion fluids, is not well known. To better understand this, the inhibition of corrosion of API P110 steel by Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was studied using vertical scanning interferometry in solutions consisting of 10 mass % calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) or 10 mass % calcium bromide (CaBr 2 ), for example, to simulate the contact of completion fluids with the steel sheath in downhole (oil and gas) applications. The evolution of the surface topography resulting from the initiation and growth of corrosion pits, and general corrosion was examined from the nano-scale to micron-scale using vertical scanning interferometry. Special focus was paid to quantify surface evolution in the presence of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . The results indicate that, at low concentrations (≈1 mass %), Ca(NO 3 ) 2 successfully inhibited steel corrosion in the presence of both CaCl 2 and CaBr 2 . Statistical analysis of surface topography data reveals that such inhibition results from suppression of corrosion at fast corroding pitting sites. However, at higher concentrations, calcium nitrate’s effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor is far less substantial. These results provide a means to rationalize surface topography evolution against the electrochemical origin of corrosion inhibition by NO 3 − species, and provide guidance regarding the kinetics, and susceptibility to degradation of the steel sheath during exposure to halide-enriched completion fluids.
Formulation Study for Lansoprazole Fast-disintegrating Tablet. III. Design of Rapidly Disintegrating Tablets (2003)

Lansoprazole fast-disintegrating tablets (LFDT) are a patient-friendly formulation that rapidly disintegrates in the mouth. LFDT consist of enteric-coated microgranules (mean particle size, approximately 300 μm) and inactive granules. In the design of the inactive granules, mannitol was used as a basic excipient. Microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), and crospovidone were used as binders and disintegrants. A new grade of L-HPC (L-HPC-33), with a hydroxypropoxy group content of 5.0—6.9%, was developed and it has no rough texture due to a decrease in water absorption. It was clarified that L-HPC-33 could be useful as a binder and disintegrant in rapidly disintegrating tablets. LFDT contain enteric-coated microgranules in tablet form. The enteric-coated microgranule content in LFDT affect qualities such as tensile strength, disintegration time in the mouth, and dissolution behavior in the acid stage and in the buffer stage of LFDT. The 47.4% content of the enteric-coated microgranules was selected to give sufficient tensile strength (not less than 30 N/cm2), rapid disintegration time in the mouth (not more than 30 s), and dissolution behavior in the acid stage and buffer stage similar to current lansoprazole capsules. Compression force affected the tensile strength and the disintegration time in the mouth, but did not affect the dissolution behavior in the acid and buffer stages.
Human helper T cell factor(s). IV. Demonstration of a human late-acting B cell differentiation factor acting on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cowan I-stimulated B cells. (1984)

At least two distinct B cell stimulatory factors (BSF) were found to be involved in the differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-stimulated human B cells to IgG-producing cells. A factor tentatively called B cell differentiation factor I (BCDF I) was found in one fraction, and a second factor, BCDF II was found in another fraction. The BCDF I fraction alone induces IgG-production in SAC-stimulated B cells, but the BCDF II fraction does not. The BCDF II fraction enhances IgG production in SAC-stimulated B cells in the presence of the BCDF I fraction. Studies concerning the time-course of the action of the BCDF II fraction revealed that it contains a late-acting differentiation factor that acts on B cells most effectively when it is added to the SAC-stimulated B cell culture after the addition of BCDF I fraction; it induces IgG plaque-forming cells within 1 day. The pI value of a late-acting BCDF was in the range of 5 to 6; this pI range is different from that of BCDF I but similar to that of BCDF II, which was shown in our previous studies to be able to induce IgG production in Epstein Barr Virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. In addition, the m.w. of a late-acting BCDF were about 35,000 and 20,000, which are the same as those of BCDF II, and thus its identity with BCDF II was suggested.
Numerical Simulation of Mud-Filtrate Invasion in Deviated Wells (2004)

Summary Understanding the spatial distribution of fluids in the near-borehole region caused by mud-filtrate invasion is necessary for the accurate petrophysical interpretation of wireline measurements acquired in deviated wells. This paper provides a sorely needed petrophysical and fluid-flow template that can be used to integrate several wireline measurements into a unique model of petrophysical parameters in the near-borehole region of deviated wells. We simulate numerically the physics of mud-filtrate invasion in vertical, horizontal, and highly deviated overbalanced wells. The numerical algorithm is adapted from a general 3D multiphase-fluid-flow simulator that is widely used in large-scale reservoir applications. Checks of numerical consistency and accuracy are performed against one commercial reservoir simulator. Emphasis is placed on describing the influence of mudcake buildup on the mud-filtration process. We approach the latter problem by introducing an effective-flow-rate function that describes the evolution in time of the rate of invasion of mud filtrate into rock formations. Parametric representations of the flow-rate function are derived on the basis of previously published laboratory experiments of mud circulation. A sensitivity analysis quantifies the influence of several geometrical and petrophysical parameters on the spatial distribution of mud-filtrate invasion away from the borehole wall. These parameters include relative permeability, capillary pressure, permeability anisotropy, dipping layers, and degree of hydraulic communication between adjacent layers. Our simulations reveal the character of invasion profiles in complex geometrical environments taking place under realistic petrophysical conditions. We show that standard pistonlike descriptions of mud-filtrate invasion, commonly used in well-log interpretation, can lead to inaccurate interpretations of wireline measurements. An example is presented of the use of our simulation technique by calculating the sensitivity of borehole electromagnetic induction measurements to specific conditions of mud-filtrate invasion in a vertical well.
<title>Optical spatial filtering for image encryption and security systems</title> (1998)

This paper reviews a number of optical information processing techniques for encryption, security and anticounterfeiting.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Development of chimeric and bifunctional antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors (2019)

CGRP, adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) family peptides are important neuropeptides and hormones for the regulation of neurotransmission, vasotone, cardiovascular morphogenesis, vascular integrity, and feto‒placental development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3 receptor complexes. CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor growth/metastasis. Based on the finding that an acylated chimeric ADM/ADM2 analog potently stimulates CLR/RAMP1 and 2 signaling, we hypothesized that the binding domain of this analog could have potent inhibitory activity on CLR/RAMP receptors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that acylated truncated ADM/ADM2 analogs of 27-31 residues exhibit potent antagonistic activity toward CLR/RAMP1 and 2. On the other hand, nonacylated analogs have minimal activity. Further truncation at the junctional region of these chimeric analogs led to the generation of CLR/RAMP1-selective antagonists. A 17-amino-acid analog (Antagonist 2-4) showed 100-fold selectivity for CLR/RAMP1 and was >100-fold more potent than the classic CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. In addition, we showed (1) a lysine residue in the Antagonist 2-4 is important for enhancing the antagonistic activity, (2) an analog consisted of an ADM sequence motif and a 12-amino-acid binding domain of CGRP exhibits potent CLR/RAMP1-inhibitory activity, and (3) a chimeric analog consisted of a somatostatin analog and an ADM antagonist exhibits dual activities on somatostatin and CLR/RAMP receptors. Because the blockage of CLR/RAMP signaling prevents migraine pain and suppresses tumor growth/metastasis, further studies of these analogs, which presumably have better access to the tumor microenvironment and nerve endings at the trigeminal ganglion and synovial joints as compared to antibody-based therapies, may lead to the development of better anti-CGRP therapy and alternative antiangiogenesis therapy. Likewise, the use of bifunctional somatostatin-ADM antagonist analogs could be a promising strategy for the treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors by targeting an antiangiogenesis agent to the neuroendocrine tumor microenvironment.
Effect of Mutual Coupling on the Interference Rejection Capabilities of Linear and Circular Arrays in CDMA Systems (2004)

This paper is concerned with assessing the interference rejection capabilities of linear and circular array of dipoles that can be part of a base station of a code-division multiple-access cellular communication system. The performance criteria for signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) improvement employed in this paper is the spatial interference suppression coefficient. We first derive an expression for this figure of merit and then analyze and compare the SIR performance of the two types of arrays. For a linear array, we quantitatively assess the degradation in SIR performance as we move from array broadside to array end-fire direction. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling is taken into account.