gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Retardation Polymer Film for Viewing Liquid Crystal Displays through Polarized Sunglasses without Chromaticity Change in the Image (2011)

We describe a high-retardation polymer film (HRPF) that enables liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to be viewed through polarized sunglasses at all rotation angles without any chromaticity changes in the image. We investigated the relationship between retardation and polymer interference color after developing a program that simulates the interference colors of polymers taking into consideration the polymer birefringence dispersion and LCD emission light spectrum. As a result, we confirmed that the retardation value required for our HRPF made of polyethylene terephthalate and applied to an LCD with white LED backlight was not less than 7832 nm. We also confirmed that the image quality was not degraded by attaching the HRPF to the LCD, and chromaticity change in the image observed through HRPF and polarized sunglasses was negligible compared to the LCD image.
USE OF MULTIPLE PLASMID‐ASSOCIATED VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC <i>YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA</i><sup>1</sup> (1994)

ABSTRACT The detection of cold‐tolerant plasmid‐bearing pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica depends on the expression of various plasmid‐associated phenotypic properties. In this study, low calcium Congo red agarose medium was used as a single multiple test medium to identify pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica or to indicate the pathogenic potential of individual strains. The assay is based on Congo red uptake, crystal violet binding, low calcium response and hydrophobicity. In general, the efficiency and reliability of this medium was found to be better than existing dye binding techniques for detecting virulent Y. enterocolitica strains.
Novel algorithm for automated genotyping of microsatellites (2004)

Microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs) are abundant in the human genome with easily assayed polymorphisms, providing powerful genetic tools for mapping both Mendelian and complex traits. Microsatellite genotyping requires detection of the products of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification by electrophoresis, and analysis of the peak data for discrimination of the true allele. A high-throughput genotyping approach requires computer-based automation at both the detection and analysis phases. In order to achieve this, complicated peak patterns from individual alleles must be interpreted in order to assign alleles. Previous methods consider limited types of noise peaks and cannot provide enough accuracy. By pattern recognition of various types of noise peaks, such as stutter peaks and additional peaks, we have achieved an overall average accuracy of 94% for allele calling in our actual data. Our algorithm is crucial for a high-throughput genotyping system for microsatellite markers by reducing manual editing and human errors.
Surface acoustic wave CO<inf>2</inf> sensing with polymer-amino carbon nanotube composites (2008)

The synthesis of two new types of nanocomposite matrices, the first based on polyallylamine (PAA) and aminocarbon nanotubes, the second on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and aminocarbon nanotubes, are reported. The surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, coated with the two selected nanocomposites, showed good sensitivities when varying the CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> concentrations in the range (500–5000)ppm. The sensor sensitivity is larger when using polyethyleneimine aminocarbon nanotubes than in the case when only a pure polyethyleneimine layer is considered for coating.
Long non-coding RNAs in heart failure: a promising future with much to learn (2016)

El Azzouzi and colleagues (1) recently published a perspective describing our work, in which we characterised the murine long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome post myocardial infarction (MI) (2). This perspective nicely summarised key aspects of our work. However, we would like to respond with some additional comments to clarify and expand important points resulting from their perspective and our work.
Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. (1989)

Eighteen patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 1986-1987. Each received, in random order, d-fenfluramine (15 mg p.o. twice daily)-a serotonin-releasing drug previously shown to suppress carbohydrate craving-or a placebo; these were given for 4 weeks separated by a 2-week washout period. Symptoms were assessed by means of clinical interviews and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) with a special SAD addendum (AAD). Patients were also weighed. Depression scores (mean +/- SE) were identical before treatment with drug (20.9 +/- 1.3, HAM-D; 13.3 +/- 0.8, AAD) or placebo (21.4 +/- 1.2, HAM-D: 13.2 +/- 0.6, AAD). During placebo treatment, mean HAM-D scores declined by 22% (p less than .02) and AAD scores by 9% (p greater than .2). During d-fenfluramine treatment, HAM-D scores fell by 71% (p less than .001) and AAD scores by 73% (p less than .001). Thirteen (72%) of the patients demonstrated complete reversal of their abnormal test scores while taking d-fenfluramine. The group as a whole lost weight (mean = 1.2 kg) while receiving d-fenfluramine (p less than .033) but not when taking placebo. A second study, conducted in 1987-1988 with nine subjects who had previously responded to d-fenfluramine, showed that the drug remains effective for the full 3-month annual period of symptoms. These results indicate that d-fenfluramine may be useful in treating SAD and suggest that serotonin is involved in both SAD's affective and appetitive symptoms.
Automatic Control Of Length Of Welding Arc (1991)

1-Methylpyrene, an alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and environmental carcinogen, is activated by side-chain hydroxylation to 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (1-HMP) and subsequent sulfo conjugation to the DNA-reactive 1-sulfooxymethylpyrene. In addition to the bioactivation, processes of metabolic detoxification and transport greatly influence the genotoxicity of 1-methylpyrene. For a better understanding of 1-HMP detoxification in vivo we studied urinary and fecal metabolites in rats following intraperitoneal doses of 19.3mg 1-HMP/kg body weight (5 rats) or the same dose containing 200μCi [(14)C]1-HMP/kg body weight (2 rats). After 48h, 48.0% (rat 1) and 29.1% (rat 2) of the radioactivity was recovered as 1-HMP in the feces. Six major metabolites were observed by UV and on-line radioactivity detection in urine samples and feces after HPLC separation. The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, (1)H NMR and (1)H-(1)H COSY NMR spectroscopy, which allowed assigning tentative molecular structures. Two prominent metabolites, 1-pyrene carboxylic acid (M-6) and the acyl glucuronide of 1-pyrene carboxylic acid (M-5) accounted for 17.7% (rat 1) and 25.2% (rat 2) of the overall radioactive dose. Further, we detected the acyl glucuronide of 6-hydroxy-1-pyrene carboxylic acid (M-1) and 8-sulfooxy-1-pyrene carboxylic acid (M-3) together with two regioisomers of M-3 (M-2 and M-4) differing in position of the sulfate group at the pyrene ring. In urine samples, the radioactivity of 1-pyrene carboxylic acid and its five derivatives amounted to 32.4% (rat 1) or 45.5% (rat 2) of the total [(14)C]1-HMP dose.
Monolithic large-scale optical switches using silicon photonic MEMS (2014)

We report on high-port-count (50x50) fast optical circuit switches with 2.5μs response time. The switch with 2,500 MEMS switching elements have been monolithically integrated on 9x9mm2 dies using silicon photonic MEMS process on 220nm silicon-on-insulators.
C2 and CFB Genes in Age-Related Maculopathy and Joint Action with CFH and LOC387715 Genes (2008)

C2/CFB significantly influences AMD susceptibility and although accounting for effects at this locus does not dramatically increase the overall accuracy of the genetic risk model, the improvement over the CFH-LOC387715 model is statistically significant.
BODIPY‐Cholesterol: A New Tool to Visualize Sterol Trafficking in Living Cells and Organisms (2008)

Analysis of sterol distribution and transport in living cells has been hampered by the lack of bright, photostable fluorescent sterol derivatives that closely resemble cholesterol. In this study, we employed atomistic simulations and experiments to characterize a cholesterol compound with fluorescent boron dipyrromethene difluoride linked to sterol carbon-24 (BODIPY-cholesterol). This probe packed in the membrane and behaved similarly to cholesterol both in normal and in cholesterol-storage disease cells and with trace amounts allowed the visualization of sterol movement in living systems. Upon injection into the yolk sac, BODIPY-cholesterol did not disturb zebrafish development and was targeted to sterol-enriched brain regions in live fish. We conclude that this new probe closely mimics the membrane partitioning and trafficking of cholesterol and, because of its excellent fluorescent properties, enables the direct monitoring of sterol movement by time-lapse imaging using trace amounts of the probe. This is, to our knowledge, the first cholesterol probe that fulfills these prerequisites.
160-Gb/s all-optical MEMS time-slot switch for OTDM and WDM applications (2002)

The authors propose and successfully demonstrate a novel, simple, and low-cost concept of optical time-slot switching, i.e., switching part of one 160-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexing channel to another 160 Gb/s channel all in the optical domain without any optical-electrical-optical conversion and with negligible power penalty.
DDSGA: A Data-Driven Semi-Global Alignment Approach for Detecting Masquerade Attacks (2014)

A masquerade attacker impersonates a legal user to utilize the user services and privileges. The semi-global alignment algorithm (SGA) is one of the most effective and efficient techniques to detect these attacks but it has not reached yet the accuracy and performance required by large scale, multiuser systems. To improve both the effectiveness and the performances of this algorithm, we propose the Data-Driven Semi-Global Alignment, DDSGA approach. From the security effectiveness view point, DDSGA improves the scoring systems by adopting distinct alignment parameters for each user. Furthermore, it tolerates small mutations in user command sequences by allowing small changes in the low-level representation of the commands functionality. It also adapts to changes in the user behaviour by updating the signature of a user according to its current behaviour. To optimize the runtime overhead, DDSGA minimizes the alignment overhead and parallelizes the detection and the update. After describing the DDSGA phases, we present the experimental results that show that DDSGA achieves a high hit ratio of 88.4 percent with a low false positive rate of 1.7 percent. It improves the hit ratio of the enhanced SGA by about 21.9 percent and reduces Maxion-Townsend cost by 22.5 percent. Hence, DDSGA results in improving both the hit ratio and false positive rates with an acceptable computational overhead.
Automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias by flow cytometry (1993)

A method for automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias was developed. Input are eight list mode data files acquired with a FACScan flow cytometer. For each cell, four parameters are measured: forward light scatter, orthogonal light scatter, fluorescein fluorescence, and phycoerythrin fluorescence. Eight data files are acquired in the following sequence: unstained, isotype controls, CD10/CD19, CD20/CD5, CD3/CD22, CD7/CD33, HLADR/CD13, and CD34/CD38. First, each of the data files 3 to 8 are clustered independently employing an algorithm based on nearest neighbors. Next, the clusters are associated across the data files to form cell populations, using the assumption of light scatter invariance across tubes for each population. The mean positions of each cell population are fed into a decision tree. The decision tree first identifies normal cell populations, i.e., monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells, T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes. After elimination of the normal cell populations from the data space, the residual cell populations are classified as B-lineage ALL, T-lineage ALL, AML, AUL, B-CLL, or unknown. The effectiveness of this novel approach is shown with case studies of B-lymphoid, T-lymphoid, and Myeloid acute leukemias.
(In)GaAsN-based type-II “W” quantum-well lasers for emission at λ=1.55 μm (2003)

Whereas laser emission at 1.55 μm is difficult to realize using type-I InGaAsN quantum wells grown on GaAs, we show that it can be achieved with far fewer restrictions on the growth by employing type-II (In)GaAsN/GaAsSb/(In)GaAsN/GaAs structures having a “W” band alignment. We use a 10-band k⋅p formalism that accounts for the N band anticrossing to calculate the gain and spontaneous-emission characteristics of “W” structures optimized for maximum overlap of the electron and hole wave functions. We estimate that one to three wells would be necessary for edge emitters with moderate cavity losses and nonradiative recombination rates, and a somewhat larger number of wells may be required for vertical-cavity surface emitters.
ADS-J1 Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry by Interacting with the gp41 Pocket Region and Blocking Fusion-Active gp41 Core Formation (2009)

We previously identified a small-molecule anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) compound, ADS-J1, using a computer-aided molecular docking technique for primary screening and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a secondary screening method. In the present study, we demonstrated that ADS-J1 is an HIV-1 entry inhibitor, as determined by a time-of-addition assay and an HIV-1-mediated cell fusion assay. Further mechanism studies confirmed that ADS-J1 does not block gp120-CD4 binding and exhibits a marginal interaction with the HIV-1 coreceptor CXCR4. However, ADS-J1 inhibited the fusion-active gp41 core formation mimicked by peptides derived from the viral gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) and C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR), as determined by ELISA, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism analysis. Moreover, using a surface plasmon resonance assay, we found that ADS-J1 could bind directly to IQN17, a trimeric peptide containing the gp41 pocket region, resulting in the conformational change of IQN17 and the blockage of its interaction with a short D peptide, PIE7. The positively charged residue (K574) located in the gp41 pocket region is critical for the binding of ADS-J1 to NHR. These results suggest that ADS-J1 may bind to the viral gp41 NHR region through its hydrophobic and ionic interactions with the hydrophobic and positively charged resides located in the pocket region, subsequently blocking the association between the gp41 NHR and CHR regions to form the fusion-active gp41 core, thereby inhibiting HIV-1-mediated membrane fusion and virus entry.
Planar Helium Plasma Jet: Plasma "Bullets" Formation, 2D "Bullets" Concept and Imaging (2018)

Applications of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based atmospheric pressure plasma jets are often limited by the relatively small area of treatment due to their one-dimensional (ID) configuration. This letter describes the first results demonstrating generation of two-dimensional (2D) plasma "bullets" and 2D plasma jets that permit rapid treatment of large targets. Imaging of pulsed DBD in helium (He) and ionization wave propagation along the dielectric surface shows that DBD evolution starts with formation of transient anode glow; only then does the development of cathode-directed streamers continue. The anode glow can propagate as an ionization wave along the dielectric surface outside of the discharge gap. We show that plasma "bullet" propagation is not limited to 1D geometry (i.e., tubes) and that it can be organized in a planar plasma jet form or other 2D (or even 3D) shapes.
Novel M<sub>2</sub>‐selective, G<sub>i</sub>‐biased agonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (2020)

The identified compounds may serve as lead structures in the search for novel non-steroidal and non-opioid analgesics acting via M<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>4</sub> muscarinic receptors with reduced side effects associated with activation of the phospholipase C signalling pathway.
Dopamine D3 receptor selective ligands with varying intrinsic efficacies at adenylyl cyclase inhibition and mitogenic signaling pathways (2009)

A panel of structurally related substituted 4-phenylpiperazines with nanomolar affinity and selectivity at D3 dopamine receptors has been synthesized. Compounds in which a heterocyclic (2-phenyl pyridyl, 3-phenyl pyridyl, benzothiophene, or benzofuran) moiety is adjacent to the amide was varied and/or a double bond (trans-butenyl) replaced the four-carbon aliphatic chain linking the arylamide with the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety were compared for (a) affinity at human D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, (b) intrinsic efficacy using an adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay, and (c) intrinsic efficacy using a mitogenic assay. All 16 compounds were (a) more efficacious for the D3 receptor cyclase inhibition assay than for the D3 receptor mitogenic assay and (b) exhibited the same or greater efficacy at D3 compared to D2 receptor (with the exception of one compound). Although the heterocyclic amide moiety appears to be the pivotal structural element determining the intrinsic efficacy of our D3 receptor selective compounds, the magnitude of the efficacy is modulated by the (a) substituent(s) on the phenyl piperazine and (b) the saturation of the four-carbon chain that links the arylamide and the phenylpiperazine. In addition, our ligands are functionally selective, because they can have differing intrinsic efficacies for the cyclase inhibition and the mitogenic activation signaling pathways. Compounds that are essentially full agonists at the cyclase assay appear to be only partial agonists in the mitogenic assay and compounds that are partial agonists in our cyclase assay are partial agonists or antagonists in the mitogenic assay.
Short pulse laser propagation through tissues for biomedical imaging (2003)

An experimental and numerical study is performed to analyse short pulse laser propagation through tissue phantoms with and without inhomogeneities embedded in it. Short pulse laser probing techniques have distinct advantages over conventional very large pulse width or cw lasers primarily due to the additional information conveyed about the tissue interior by the temporal variation of the observed signal. Both the scattered temporal transmitted and reflected optical signals are measured experimentally using a streak camera for samples irradiated with a short pulse laser source. Parametric study involving different scattering and absorption coefficients of tissue phantoms and inhomogeneities as well as the detector position and orientation is performed. The temporal and spatial profiles of the scattered optical signals are compared with the numerical modelling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete ordinates technique.
High capacity silicon nitride-based composite anodes for lithium ion batteries (2014)

A CVD-synthesized SiN<sub>x</sub> LIB anode material exhibits stable, high capacity performance <italic>via</italic> two stage electrochemical reactions (conversion and then alloying).
Selectivity estimation for string predicates: overcoming the underestimation problem (2004)

Queries with (equality or LIKE) selection predicates over string attributes are widely used in relational databases. However, state-of-the-art techniques for estimating selectivities of string predicates are often biased towards severely underestimating selectivities. We develop accurate selectivity estimators for string predicates that adapt to data and query characteristics, and which can exploit and build on a variety of existing estimators. A thorough experimental evaluation over real data sets demonstrates the resilience of our estimators to variations in both data and query characteristics.
Effects of Alloying Additions on the Creep Strength of a Fourth Generation Single-Crystal Superalloy (2004)

High strength single crystal (SC) superalloys for jet-engines and gas turbines have been developed in the “High Temperature Materials 21” project. In the context of this project, the authors previously developed the world strongest superalloy TMS-162 using an alloy TMS-138 as a base and adding Mo as a strengthening element as well as Ru as a phase stabilizing element. In the present study, Ta, Nb and Re were examined as possible strengthening elements instead of Mo. Ru was also added to stabilize the microstructure. Creep tests of the SC samples showed that Re had a similar effect as Mo for strengthening the SC superalloy, whereas the effects of Ta and Nb additions were not so significant as those of Re and Mo. These were attributed to the effects of the elements on the lattice misfit; Re and Mo are known to be partitioned preferentially to the γ phase rather than to the γ′ phase so that the aγ-aγ′ misfit increases. This is considered to be the reason for the excellent creep strength of the sample with the Re addition.
Game Theoretic Training Enabled Deep Learning Solutions for Rapid Discovery of Satellite Behaviors (2020)

The chapter presents a game theoretic training model enabling a deep learning solution for rapid discovery of satellite behaviors from collected sensor data. The solution has two parts, namely, Part 1 and Part 2. Part 1 is a PE game model that enables data augmentation method, and Part 2 uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for satellite behavior classification. The sensor data are propagated with the various maneuver strategies from the proposed space game models. Under the PE game theoretic framework, various satellite behaviors are simulated to generate synthetic datasets with labels for the training to detect space object behaviors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PE model, a CNN model is designed and implemented for satellite behavior classification. Python 3 and TensorFlow are used in this implementation. The simulation results show that the trained machine learning model can efficiently and correctly classify the satellite behaviors up to 99.8%.
Targeting Therapy Using a Monoclonal Antibody against Tumor Vascular Endothelium (2000)

Recent studies have revealed that the targeting therapy using monoclonal antibody against tumor associated antigens did not have a clinically satisfactory effect due to various physiological characters of tumor. We propose a novel approach targeting tumor vascular endothelium to solve the inefficiency of common tumor missile therapy. In this study, the tissue distribution of anti-tumor vascular endothelium monoclonal antibody (TES-23) produced by immunizing with plasma membrane vesicles obtained from isolated rat tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs) was assessed in various tumor-bearing animals. Radiolabeled TES-23 dramatically accumulated in KMT-17 fibrosarcoma, a source of isolated TECs after intravenous injection. In Meth-A fibrosarcoma, Colon-26 adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice and HT-1080 human tumor tissue in nude mice, radioactivities of 125I-TES-23 were also up to fifty times higher than those of control antibody with little distribution to normal tissues. Furthermore, immunostaining of human tissue sections showed specific binding of TES-23 on endothelium in esophagus and colon cancers. These results indicate that tumor vascular endothelial cells express a common antigen in different tumor types of various animal species. In order to clarify the efficacy of TES-23 as a drug carrier, an immunoconjugate, composed of TES-23 and neocarzinostatin, was tested for its antitumor effect in vivo. The immunoconjugate (TES-23-NCS) caused a marked regression of the tumor, KMT-17 in rats and Meth-A in mice. Thus, from a clinical view, TES-23 would be a novel drug carrier because of its high specificity to tumor vascular endothelium and its application to many types of cancer.