gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Light Scattering Study of Microgels with Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (2004)

Monodispersed microgels composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) were synthesized by a two-step method, first preparing PNIPAM microgel and then polymerizing acrylic acid that interpenetrates into the PNIPAM network. The growth kinetics of the IPN particle formation was obtained by measuring the turbidity and particle hydrodynamic radius (Rh) as a function of reaction time. IPN and PNIPAM microgels were characterized and compared by dynamic and static light scattering techniques. The concentrated aqueous solutions of the PNIPAM-PAAc IPN microgels exhibit an inverse thermoreversible gelation. In contrast to polymer solutions of poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) that have the inverse thermoreversible gelation, our system can self-assemble into an ordered structure, displaying bright colors. Furthermore, IPN microgels undergo the reversible volume phase transitions in response to both pH and temperature changes associated with PAAc and PNIPAM networks, respectively.
Serologic analysis of anti-porcine endogenous retroviruses immune responses in humans after ex vivo transgenic pig liver perfusion. (2003)

Improvements in xenotransplantation may significantly increase the availability of organs for human transplantation. The use of porcine organs, however, has raised concern about possible transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) to the recipients. The authors developed monoclonal antibodies specific to the PERV Gag viral product and show that these antibodies can detect PERV antigen under a variety of assay conditions, including enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining methods. Two patients in fulminant hepatic failure were treated by extracorporeal perfusion using transgenic porcine livers before receiving orthotopic liver transplants. Despite the use of immune suppression that allowed survival of the allograft, these patients both showed a strong immune response to the xenograft suggesting a largely intact capability to mount a humoral immune response. However, analysis of patient serum samples over a 3 to 4 year period has showed no evidence of an immune response to PERV antigens, suggesting a lack of PERV infection.
In-situ calibration of fiber-optics entangled photon distribution system (2017)

A source of entangled photons is connected via optical fibers to two single photon detectors. By simultaneously measuring pump power dependencies of the detection probabilities at each detector, as well as the probability of coincidence counts, we reliably extract all relevant system parameters.
Quantification of urine 17‐ketosteroid sulfates and their age correlations (2002)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid secreted primarily by the adrenal gland and plays an important role as the primary precursor of many important sex steroids. The negative correlation between age and the secretion of DHEA (I) and in its sulfate form (II, DHEA‐S) has been documented in human studies. Serum DHEA (I) and/or DHEA‐S (II) levels have been associated with central nervous system function, immunity, cardiovascular functions, insulin sensitivity, and body composition. A high‐performance liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectroscopic method with sonic spray ionization (SSI) for the quantification of individual and total urinary 17‐ketosteroid sulfates was developed. This quantification method had broad linearity range, low detection limit and high throughput. The amount of 17‐KS‐S, normalized by creatinine, in urine secreted over 24 hours versus that in early morning urines was found inversely correlated to age for both genders.
Real-time optical fiber dosimeter probe (2011)

There is a pressing need for a passive optical fiber dosimeter probe for use in real-time monitoring of radiation dose delivered to clinical radiation therapy patients. An optical fiber probe using radiochromic material has been designed and fabricated based on a thin film of the radiochromic material on a dielectric mirror. Measurements of the net optical density vs. time before, during, and after irradiation at a rate of 500cGy/minute to a total dose of 5 Gy were performed. Net optical densities increased from 0.2 to 2.0 for radiochromic thin film thicknesses of 2 to 20 μm, respectively.
Improved operation of N&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O TE lasers (1983)

The operation of a transversely excited N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O laser is improved by the addition of H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> or CO to the discharge. The improvement is due to the effective nullification of the dissociative electron attachment reaction with N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O.
Chip editor (2016)

The globalization of the semiconductor foundry business poses grave risks in terms of intellectual property (IP) protection, especially for critical applications. Over the past few years, several techniques have been proposed that allow manufacturing of ICs at untrusted foundries by obfuscating and/or locking, albeit at high design overhead, low security guarantees and high cost. In this paper, for the first time, we utilize well-known, low-cost circuit edit techniques, which enable a designer to modify a circuit post-fabrication on a chip-by-chip basis. In the proposed design flow, obfuscated ICs are fabricated and tested at untrusted foundries, and post-fabrication focused ion beam (FIB) circuit edit techniques are utilized to revert the circuit back to its intended functionality at a trusted design house. In order to obfuscate the structural logic of the design, several possible gate-level techniques such as wire swapping and gate insertion are proposed. At the same time, the tradeoffs between layout-level modifications to aid circuit edit and the strength of obfuscation provided by the proposed approach are also assessed. Gate-level simulation results show that the chip-editor flow provides a strong level of design obfuscation and makes it infeasible for the untrusted foundry to retrieve the original design from the obfuscated layout it receives and the resultant netlist it can extract.
Early Identification of Pathogenic Social Media Accounts (2018)

Pathogenic Social Media (PSM) accounts such as terrorist supporters exploit large communities of supporters for conducting attacks on social media. Early detection of these accounts is crucial as they are high likely to be key users in making a harmful message "viral". In this paper, we make the first attempt on utilizing causal inference to identify PSMs within a short time frame around their activity. We propose a time-decay causality metric and incorporate it into a causal community detection-based algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to groups of accounts sharing similar causality features and is followed by a classification algorithm to classify accounts as PSM or not. Unlike existing techniques that take significant time to collect information such as network, cascade path, or content, our scheme relies solely on action log of users. Results on a real-world dataset from Twitter demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. We achieved precision of 0.84 for detecting PSMs only based on their first 10 days of activity; the misclassified accounts were then detected 10 days later.
Synthesis of new polymeric hindered amine light stabilizers: Performance evaluation in styrenic polymers (2003)

Abstract Polymeric hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs), in which the HALS functionality was attached to the terminal isocyanate chain end of poly(styryl‐ co ‐styryl isocyanate), were synthesized by a two‐step process. First, cinnamoyl azide was prepared and copolymerized with styrene by a free‐radical copolymerization method. Polymeric low‐molecular‐weight and high‐molecular‐weight 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐pipridinol‐ graft ‐poly(styryl‐ co ‐styryl isocyanate) and 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidine‐ graft ‐poly(styryl‐ co ‐styryl isocyanate) were synthesized by a grafting method. The photodegradation and stabilization of different grades of high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) were studied at 55°C in air at different time intervals, and the photostabilizing efficiency of polymeric HALSs was compared with conventional light stabilizers, such as 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐pipridinol and bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)sebacate. Polymeric HALSs showed significant improvements in the photostabilization of HIPS. The solubility and diffusion coefficient of polymeric HALSs were studied. The morphological changes in HIPS caused by photooxidation were also studied. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1126–1138, 2003
Real-Time Localization Of Multiple Audio Sources In A Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (2014)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acids from linoleic acid by <i>clavibacter</i> sp. ALA2 (2003)

Abstract Clavibacter sp. ALA2 converts linoleic acid into many novel oxygenated products including hydroxy FA and tetrahydrofuranyl unsaturated FA (THFA). One of them was tentatively identified by GC‐MS as 12,13,16‐trihydroxy‐9( Z )‐octadecenoic acid (12,13,16‐THOA) (Hou, C.T., H.W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78 ∶1167–1169, 2001). We have separated and purified 12,13,16‐THOA from its isomer, 12,13,17‐THOA, by silica gel column chromatography and by preparative TLC. Its structure was then confirmed by proton and 13 C NMR analyses. Purified 12,13,16‐THOA was used as a substrate to study the biosynthesis of THFA. Within 24 h of incubation, cells of strain ALA2 converted 12,13,16‐THOA to both 12‐hydroxy‐13,16‐epoxy‐9( Z )‐octadecenoic acid (12‐hydroxy‐THFA) and 7,12‐dihydroxy‐13,16‐epoxy‐9( Z )‐octadecenoic acid (7,12‐dihydroxy‐THFA). The relative abundance of 7,12‐dihydroxy‐THFA increased with incubation time, whereas that of 12,13,16‐THOA and of 12‐hydroxy‐THFA decreased. Therefore, the biosynthetic pathway of THFA from linoleic acid by strain ALA2 is as follows: linoleic acid→12,13‐dihydroxy‐9( Z )‐octadecenoic acid→12,13,16‐THOA→12‐hydroxy‐THEA→7,12‐dihydroxy‐THFA.
Social roles in hierarchical models for human activity recognition (2012)

We present a hierarchical model for human activity recognition in entire multi-person scenes. Our model describes human behaviour at multiple levels of detail, ranging from low-level actions through to high-level events. We also include a model of social roles, the expected behaviours of certain people, or groups of people, in a scene. The hierarchical model includes these varied representations, and various forms of interactions between people present in a scene. The model is trained in a discriminative max-margin framework. Experimental results demonstrate that this model can improve performance at all considered levels of detail, on two challenging datasets.
Polyhedral-Based Nonlinear Optical Materials. 2.<sup>1</sup>Theoretical Investigation of Some New High Nonlinear Optical Response Compounds Involving Polyhedral Bridges with Charged Aromatic Donors and Acceptors (2001)

A theoretical study of several new classes of polyhedral-based molecules has shown that these species display large calculated nonlinear optical responses. These new classes of molecules are based on charged aromatic subunits connected through polyhedral cluster bridges, such as closo-[1-(C(7)H(6))-12-(C(5)Me(4))C(2)B(10)H(10)]. These compounds show calculated first hyperpolarizabilities (beta) ranging from 6.5 to 8413.9 x 10(-30) cm(5) esu(-1). A basis for understanding the origin of these large responses is proposed based on the two-state model and consideration of the orbital and electronic features of the molecules. In general, the highest occupied molecular orbitals for these species are localized on the aromatic donor rings, such as the cyclopentadienyl system, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are largely on the aromatic acceptor rings, such as the tropylium system. The electronic properties of these polyhedral-based systems appear to be significantly different from the analogous organic [5.6.7]quinarene system (tropyliumcyclopentadienylbenzene). The organic quinarene appears to behave as a completely electron-delocalized system over all three rings while the polyhedral-based compounds can best be described as consisting of two relatively independent, highly polarized regions.
P‐15: A 3 inch Active Matrix for Color Sequential‐ Liquid Crystal Display (CS‐LCD) Based on Metal Induced Continuous Zonal Domain (CZD) Polycrystalline Silicon Technology (2008)

Abstract Color‐sequential liquid crystal display (CS‐LCD) can be realized without color filter but using a field sequential LED backlight, which enables a high efficiency of backlight and low power consumption. In this paper, the fast addressing active matrix for CS‐LCD is designed and fabricated with the technology of metal induced continuous zonal domain (CZD) polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (TFTs). This panel provides fast addressing characteristics and large aperture ratio. Assembled with fast liquid crystal technology, high color purity and clear moving image can be obtained.
Novel Photochromic Naphthopyran Derivatives<i>V/A</i>New General Synthetic Methodology (1997)

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans in good yield has been developed. The pyrans were synthesised by double lithiation of 3-bromo-1-naphthol, reaction with an αβ-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone to give substituted hydroxymethylnaphthol intermediates, followed by cyclodehydration. Reaction of lithium 2-lithio-1-naphthoxide with heteroaryl aryl ketones has given 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans fused to a benzannelated heterocyclic ring system. The photochromic and tribochromic properties of these new compounds are intrinsically linked to the nature of the heteroatom, and to its position in the molecule with respect to the pyran oxygen. Reaction of lithium 2-lithio-1-naphthoxide with heteroaryl methyl ketones did not yield fused benzannelated heterocyclic naphthopyrans, but gave heteroaryl vinylnaphthol derivatives by an alternative dehydration mechanism. They are photochromic, presumably by ketoenol tautomerism. The colourless photochromic compounds show colour changes to yellow, orange or red.
A charge-suppressing strategy for probing protein methylation (2016)

Methylation of arginine and lysine (RK) residues play essential roles in epigenetics and the regulation of gene expression. However, research in this area is often hindered by the lack of effective tools for probing the protein methylation. Here, we present an antibody-free strategy to capture protein methylation on RK residues by using chemical reactions to eliminate the charges on un-modified RK residues and peptide N-termini. Peptides containing methylated RK residues remain positively charged and are then enriched by strong cation exchange chromatography, followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry identification.
CTRNN Computing Realization Through Network of Coupled MEMS (2018)

With enormous data being generated every day from countless applications and sensor networks, the need for efficient computing devices to process and make use of this data continues to grow and is projected to increase in the future. The idea of analog computing has been redeemed recently and is poised as the future computing paradigm in these applications due to its powerful computing power and lower energy consumption. This work presents a mechanism where MEMS devices are coupled together resulting in dynamic behaviors that qualitatively resemble that of the biologically-inspired Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNNs). Moreover, interesting oscillations behaviors and limit cycles attributed to various weight manipulations and excitation input levels have been observed.
The Unique Catalytic Subunit of Sperm cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Is the Product of an Alternative Cα mRNA Expressed Specifically in Spermatogenic Cells (2000)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase has a central role in the control of mammalian sperm capacitation and motility. Previous protein biochemical studies indicated that the only cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (C) in ovine sperm is an unusual isoform, termed C(s), whose amino terminus differs from those of published C isoforms of other species. Isolation and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding ovine C(s) and Calpha1 (the predominant somatic isoform) now reveal that C(s) is the product of an alternative transcript of the Calpha gene. C(s) cDNA clones from murine and human testes also were isolated and sequenced, indicating that C(s) is of ancient origin and widespread in mammals. In the mouse, C(s) transcripts were detected only in testis and not in any other tissue examined, including ciliated tissues and ovaries. Finally, immunohistochemistry of the testis shows that C(s) first appears in pachytene spermatocytes. This is the first demonstration of a cell type-specific expression for any C isoform. The conservation of C(s) throughout mammalian evolution suggests that the unique structure of C(s) is important in the subunit's localization or function within the sperm.
Enforcing k-anonymity in Web Mail Auditing (2016)

We study the problem of k-anonymization of mail messages in the realistic scenario of auditing mail traffic in a major commercial Web mail service. Mail auditing is necessary in various Web mail debugging and quality assurance activities, such as anti-spam or the qualitative evaluation of novel mail features. It is conducted by trained professionals, often referred to as "auditors", who are shown messages that could expose personally identifiable information. We address here the challenge of k-anonymizing such messages, focusing on machine generated mail messages that represent more than 90% of today's mail traffic. We introduce a novel message signature Mail-Hash, specifically tailored to identifying structurally-similar messages, which allows us to put such messages in a same equivalence class. We then define a process that generates, for each class, masked mail samples that can be shown to auditors, while guaranteeing the k-anonymity of users. The productivity of auditors is measured by the amount of non-hidden mail content they can see every day, while considering normal working conditions, which set a limit to the number of mail samples they can review. In addition, we consider k-anonymity over time since, by definition of k-anonymity, every new release places additional constraints on the assignment of samples. We describe in details the results we obtained over actual Yahoo mail traffic, and thus demonstrate that our methods are feasible at Web mail scale. Given the constantly growing concern of users over their email being scanned by others, we argue that it is critical to devise such algorithms that guarantee k-anonymity, and implement associated processes in order to restore the trust of mail users.
Nonphotosensitive, Vertically Redundant Two‐Channel a‐Si:H Thin Film Transistor (1996)

An amorphous silicon a‐Si:H thin film transistor (TFT), which has (i) two separate channels vertically stacked, (ii) two gate electrodes, i.e., one on the top and the other one at the bottom, and (iii) a self‐aligned source/drain to bottom gate structure, is presented and studied. This TFT is not sensitive to light illumination because the channels are enclosed by two opaque gate electrodes. It has an Ioff less than A, an Ion/Ioff ratio greater than 106, and a subthreshold slope of 0.42 V/decade. When both gate electrodes are driven, the value of Ion is higher than the sum of the two separate values of Ion corresponding to each gate electrode driven individually. The high performance of the two‐channel TFT is due to the field enhancement from both the top and the bottom gates.
Space- and Time-adaptive Nonblocking Algorithms (2003)

We explore techniques for designing nonblocking algorithms that do not require advance knowledge of the number of threads that participate, whose time complexity and space consumption both adapt to various measures (rather than being based on predefined worst-case scenarios), and that can continue to reclaim memory even after thread failures. The techniques we introduce can be implemented using widely available hardware synchronization primitives. We present our techniques in the context of solutions to the well-known Collect problem. We also explain how our techniques can be exploited to achieve other results with similar properties, such as long-lived renaming and dynamic memory management for nonblocking data structures. In addition to the algorithmic techniques we introduce, we also clarify and generalize previous properties used to characterize measures of an algorithm's “adaptivity”.
An integrated inverter output passive sinewave filter for eliminating both common and differential mode PWM motor drive problems (2017)

An integrated output filter that eliminates motor problems due to the PWM waveforms in both common mode and differential mode operation is proposed. The filter includes a three phase inductor constructed with tricore laminations with six mutually coupled windings. The windings possess differential mode inductance and proportionally very large common mode inductance characteristics. The single integrated inductor with the capacitors creates a low pass filter with additional band stop attenuation near the switching frequency in both common mode and differential mode operation. The filter voltage transfer functions are derived. A prototype was constructed and test results presented. Simulation results correlated well with the prototype test data. The prototype filter reduced the differential mode THVD to 4.6% while the common mode voltage near the PWM switching frequency was reduced by 90%.
Proof of concept for ultrahigh resolution photonic spectral processor (2018)

We propose a novel photonic spectral processor which overcomes current 0.8GHz spectral resolution limitation. The new spectral processor uses a Fabry Perot interferometer array located before the dispersive element of the system, thus significantly improving the spectral separation resolution, which is now limited by the Fabry Perot interferometers' full width at half maximum rather than the dispersive element's spectral resolution. A proof of concept experiment was performed utilizing two Fabry-Perot interferometers and a diffractive optical grating with a spectral resolution of 6.45GHz, achieving high spectral resolution of 577MHz. Further improvement of the experimental setup can result in resolution of about 50MHz.