gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of strain in dielectric coated three dimensional Si micropillar arrays (2013)

Stress induced in [100] oriented Si circular micropillars by coatings of low pressure chemical vapor deposited 10B, SiyNx, and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2 were measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Both tensile and compressive strains in the Si micropillars were observed. Exceptionally large stresses were found to exist in some of the measured Si micropillars. The cross-sectional shapes of these structures were shown to be an important factor in correlating their strain concentrations which could fracture the micropillar.
Efinaconazole topical solution, 10%: the benefits of treating onychomycosis early. (2015)

Treatment of onychomycosis early to avoid disease progression to other toenails is important. Once daily efinaconazole topical solution, 10% is particularly effective in these patients.
A flash-based multimedia interactive tutoring system for distance education of biomedical engineering students: new approach to teaching microcontroller-based systems (2004)

In this paper, we present new tutoring system teaching biomedical engineering students the basic concept of internal and external operations of a microcontroller, which is necessary to understand modern microcontroller-based biomedical equipment. The developed tutoring system utilized multimedia contents and maximized the interaction with students for distance education. It also provides movie clips, graphic animations, narrations as well as graphic and text. Movie clips were produced by using WinCam and graphic animations were implemented by using FLASH MX and ActionScript, GIF graphic files and Power Point techniques. This tutoring system includes the basic concept of microcontroller-based system, entire execution process for the each instruction of the instruction set, development of small-sized programs, understanding of operations, control of built-in peripherals and design techniques of simple application programs.
Density functional study on a light-harvesting carotenoid-porphyrin-C60 molecular triad (2006)

We present a study on the electronic structure of a biology-inspired molecular triad which shows promises in replicating photosynthesis process in the laboratory. The triad contains three different units--C60, porphyrin, and beta-carotenoid. We present its geometrical and electronic structure, dipole moments, optical absorption spectrum, and polarizability calculated with an all-electron density functional approach. Such a study will be useful for further understanding of its photoconversion properties.
Stable and heritable gene silencing in the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (2003)

Heritable RNA interference (RNAi), triggered from stably expressed transgenes with an inverted repeat (IR) configuration, is an important tool for reverse genetic studies. Here we report on the development of stable RNAi in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, the major vector of human malaria in Asia. Trans genic mosquitoes stably expressing a RNAi transgene, designed to produce intron-spliced double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the green fluorescent protein EGFP gene, were crossed to an EGFP-expressing target line. EGFP expression was dramatically reduced at both the protein and RNA levels. The levels of gene silencing depended upon the RNAi gene copy number and its site of integration. These results demonstrate that specific RNAi-mediated knockdown of gene function can be achieved with high efficiency in Anopheles . This will be invaluable to systematically unravel the function of Anopheles genes determining the vectorial capacity of the malaria parasite.
Distributed feedback lasers: An overview (1991)

Abstract Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers were considered promising light-source candidates for coherent optical transmissions over a long-distance. In this paper, the development history of distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LDs) is briefly described, followed by a review of the theoretical analysis of DFB structures. Different DFB structures are investigated theoretically, with their performances compared in terms of threshold gain, spectral linewidth, stability, and external differential quantum efficiency. The analysis reveals the need for further improvement of DFB structures and further investigations into other characteristics of DFB-LDs before the DFB-LD can be used more efficiently for coherent optical transmissions.
Adaptive agents, intelligence, and emergent human organization: Capturing complexity through agent-based modeling (2002)

Perhaps the most difficult challenge in understanding social phenomena is their intractably complex nature. For much of the 20th century social scientists attempted to unravel the complexities of the social realm by emulating the methodologies of the natural sciences. Although these approaches enhanced social science research, they have fallen short of capturing emergent behavior and self-organization.

For some years now, new approaches to the study of complex adaptive systems have offered researchers in both the physical and social sciences an important new theoretical and methodological framework for helping to understand a variety of nonlinear, dynamic systems. Complex adaptive systems are characterized often by “agents” interacting or capable of interacting with each other in dynamic, often nonlinear and surprising ways. Most social phenomena would readily fit the description of a complex adaptive system. The difficulty researchers have faced, given the opaque character of social processes, is to develop methodologies appropriate for better exploring such complex adaptive systems.

A growing number of social scientists, dissatisfied with traditional methodologies, are seeking new methods for exploring the complexities of social dynamics. One of the emerging developments is the use of agent-based modeling and simulation to examine how social phenomena …
Direction of a grain-boundary phase in submicrometre-grained iron (1990)

Abstract Two states of Fe atoms with different parameters of the electric and magnetic hyperfine structure have been found to exist in submicrometre-grained iron. One of these states coincides with that of Fe atoms in conventional iron. The second state is regarded as a state corresponding to a grain boundary phase the parameters of which are related to the physical width of the intercrystalline boundaries.
Wearable Cardioverter–Defibrillator after Myocardial Infarction (2018)

Among patients with a recent myocardial infarction and an ejection fraction of 35% or less, the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator did not lead to a significantly lower rate of the primary outcome of arrhythmic death than control. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and Zoll Medical; VEST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01446965 .).
Sp1 and Sp3 Mediate Constitutive Transcription of the Human Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Gene (2006)

The linear glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the HA synthase (HAS) enzymes HAS1, -2, and -3 and performs multiple functions as part of the vertebrate extracellular matrix. Up-regulation of HA synthesis in the renal corticointerstitium, and the resultant extracellular matrix expansion, is a common feature of renal fibrosis. However, the regulation of expression of these HAS isoforms at transcriptional and translational levels is poorly understood. We have recently described the genomic structures of the human HAS genes, thereby identifying putative promoter regions for each isoform. Further analysis of the HAS2 gene identified the transcription initiation site and showed that region F3, comprising the proximal 121 bp of promoter sequence, mediated full constitutive transcription. In the present study, we have analyzed this region in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Electrophoretic mobility shift and promoter assay data demonstrated that transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 bound to three sites immediately upstream of the HAS2 transcription initiation site and that mutation of the consensus recognition sequences within these sites ablated their transcriptional response. Furthermore, subsequent knockdown of Sp1 or Sp3 using small interfering RNAs decreased constitutive HAS2 mRNA synthesis. In contrast, significant binding of HK-2 nuclear proteins by putative upstream NF-Y, CCAAT, and NF-kappaB recognition sites was not observed. The identification of Sp1 and Sp3 as principal mediators of HAS2 constitutive transcription augments recent findings identifying upstream promoter elements and provides further insights into the mechanism of HAS2 transcriptional activation.
Non-Platoon Inter-Vehicle Communication Using Multiple Hops (1999)

In this paper, the authors present a simple multiple hop (MH) broadcast protocol for use in intervehicle communications. It is shown to be superior to conventional single hop systems using non- platoon intervehicle communication.
Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection using low dimensional posteriorgrams motivated by articulatory classes (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection (QbE-STD). Posteriorgrams have been widely used in the research on QbE-STD. Features based on articulatory classes are known to be robust to phonemic variations. The articulatory features like voicing and place of articulation are the main distinguishing features among some plosives and fricatives. These properties inspire the study of posteriorgrams based on articulatory classes for QbE-STD. Most of the previous works based on articulatory features have defined a large number of articulatory classes making it difficult to use them directly for pattern matching. Also, most of the works have completely ignored the uniqueness of the phonemes having transitory places of articulation eg. diphthongs and approximants. These issues have been addressed in this work while carefully selecting low dimensional articulatory motivated (LDAM) posteriorgrams on the basis of detailed experiments. This work is the first to show that the articulatory based posteriorgrams can outperform the phonemic posteriorgram significantly in a stand alone way (without any support from acoustic or phonemic features) for the task of QbE-STD.
Application of visualization tools in solid mechanics (1991)

With increasingly complex digital simulations and computations, large volumes of numerical output are generated, and users must select more effective techniques for handling and displaying such output in order to extract relevant information. In this study, visualization techniques such as animation, tracking, and 2D/3D color displays are imbedded in implicit and explicit finite element codes for solving complex solid-mechanics problems. With these techniques, the investigator can more fully utilize computer time and better understand the results of long and costly computations. This investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of different visualization techniques and distributed computing on an IBM platform.
Assessment of the applicability of COTS microprocessors in high-confidence computing systems: a case study (2002)

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are increasingly used in building high-confidence systems to assure their dependability in an affordable way. The effectiveness of such a COTS-based design critically depends on the design of the COTS components. Their dependability attributes need a thorough understanding and rigorous assessment yet has received relatively little attention. The research presented in this paper investigates the error detection and recovery features of contemporary high-performance COTS microprocessors. A method of assessment is proposed and two state-of-the-art microprocessors are studied and compared.
A Novel Video Dataset for Change Detection Benchmarking (2014)

Change detection is one of the most commonly encountered low-level tasks in computer vision and video processing. A plethora of algorithms have been developed to date, yet no widely accepted, realistic, large-scale video data set exists for benchmarking different methods. Presented here is a unique change detection video data set consisting of nearly 90 000 frames in 31 video sequences representing six categories selected to cover a wide range of challenges in two modalities (color and thermal infrared). A distinguishing characteristic of this benchmark video data set is that each frame is meticulously annotated by hand for ground-truth foreground, background, and shadow area boundaries-an effort that goes much beyond a simple binary label denoting the presence of change. This enables objective and precise quantitative comparison and ranking of video-based change detection algorithms. This paper discusses various aspects of the new data set, quantitative performance metrics used, and comparative results for over two dozen change detection algorithms. It draws important conclusions on solved and remaining issues in change detection, and describes future challenges for the scientific community. The data set, evaluation tools, and algorithm rankings are available to the public on a website and will be updated with feedback from academia and industry in the future.
Structural and Biophysical Studies on Two Promoter Recognition Domains of the Extra-cytoplasmic Function σ Factor σC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)

sigma factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that bind to the RNA polymerase and dictate gene expression. The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors govern the environment dependent regulation of transcription. ECF sigma factors have two domains sigma(2) and sigma(4) that recognize the -10 and -35 promoter elements. However, unlike the primary sigma factor sigma(A), the ECF sigma factors lack sigma(3), a region that helps in the recognition of the extended -10 element and sigma(1.1), a domain involved in the autoinhibition of sigma(A) in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigma(C) is an ECF sigma factor that is essential for the pathogenesis and virulence of M. tuberculosis in the mouse and guinea pig models of infection. However, unlike other ECF sigma factors, sigma(C) does not appear to have a regulatory anti-sigma factor located in the same operon. We also note that M. tuberculosis sigma(C) differs from the canonical ECF sigma factors as it has an N-terminal domain comprising of 126 amino acids that precedes the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains. In an effort to understand the regulatory mechanism of this protein, the crystal structures of the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains of sigma(C) were determined. These promoter recognition domains are structurally similar to the corresponding domains of sigma(A) despite the low sequence similarity. Fluorescence experiments using the intrinsic tryptophan residues of sigma(C)(2) as well as surface plasmon resonance measurements reveal that the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains interact with each other. Mutational analysis suggests that the Pribnow box-binding region of sigma(C)(2) is involved in this interdomain interaction. Interaction between the promoter recognition domains in M. tuberculosis sigma(C) are thus likely to regulate the activity of this protein even in the absence of an anti-sigma factor.
A Deep-Network Piecewise Linear Approximation Formula (2021)

The mathematical foundation of deep learning is the theorem that any continuous function can be approximated within any specified accuracy by using a neural network with certain non-linear activation functions. However, this theorem does not tell us what the network architecture should be and what the values of the weights are. One must train the network to estimate the weights. There is no guarantee that the optimal weights can be reached after training. This paper develops an explicit architecture of a universal deep network by using the Gray code order and develops an explicit formula for the weights of this deep network. This architecture is target function independent. Once the target function is known, the weights are calculated by the proposed formula, and no training is required. There is no concern whether the training may or may not reach the optimal weights. This deep network gives the same result as the shallow piecewise linear interpolation function for an arbitrary target function.
A New Frontier of Blood Imaging Using Susceptibility Effect and Tailored RF Pulses (1992)

In MRI, image contrast can be controlled by use of the susceptibility effect if an object contains paramagnetic substances. The localized linear gradient dephases spins in the voxel, leading to phase cancellation and thus reduced signal. This signal void phenomenon, can be exploited if the intrinsic linear gradient is either enhanced or compensated by externally applied RF generated phase distributions. In this paper, a new concept which utilizes the susceptibility effect through the use of tailored RF pulses is proposed. As potential applications of the method, two different types of tailored RF pulses are introduced: one for the enhancement of the susceptibility effect and the other for the correction of the susceptibility artifact, respectively. The former, for example, can be applied to angiography utilizing the paramagnetic property of deoxygenated blood, suggesting a new avenue for the angiography which, for the first time, is not based on flow, although the method is currently limited to imaging of venous blood or venography. Both a theoretical study of the method and experimental results are reported.
Phase Separation of Lipid Membranes Analyzed with High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Lateral variations in membrane composition are postulated to play a central role in many cellular events, but it has been difficult to probe membrane composition and organization on length scales of tens to hundreds of nanometers. We present a high-resolution imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry technique to reveal the lipid distribution within a phase-separated membrane with a lateral resolution of approximately 100 nanometers. Quantitative information about the chemical composition within small lipid domains was obtained with the use of isotopic labels to identify each molecular species. Composition variations were detected within some domains.
The complete genomic sequence of <i>Nocardia farcinica</i> IFM 10152 (2004)

We determined the genomic sequence of Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152, a clinical isolate, and revealed the molecular basis of its versatility. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 6,021,225 bp with an average G+C content of 70.8% and two plasmids of 184,027 (pNF1) and 87,093 (pNF2) bp with average G+C contents of 67.2% and 68.4%, respectively. The chromosome encoded 5,674 putative protein-coding sequences, including many candidate genes for virulence and multidrug resistance as well as secondary metabolism. Analyses of paralogous protein families suggest that gene duplications have resulted in a bacterium that can survive not only in soil environments but also in animal tissues, resulting in disease.
Structural, super-resolution microscopy analysis of paraspeckle nuclear body organization (2016)

Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies built on the long noncoding RNA Neat1, which regulates a variety of physiological processes including cancer progression and corpus luteum formation. To obtain further insight into the molecular basis of the function of paraspeckles, we performed fine structural analyses of these nuclear bodies using structural illumination microscopy. Notably, paraspeckle proteins are found within different layers along the radially arranged bundles of Neat1 transcripts, forming a characteristic core-shell spheroidal structure. In cells lacking the RNA binding protein Fus, paraspeckle spheroids are disassembled into smaller particles containing Neat1, which are diffusely distributed in the nucleoplasm. Sequencing analysis of RNAs purified from paraspeckles revealed that AG-rich transcripts associate with Neat1, which are distributed along the shell of the paraspeckle spheroids. We propose that paraspeckles sequester core components inside the spheroids, whereas the outer surface associates with other components in the nucleoplasm to fulfill their function.
Research on reliability of the MEMS convective accelerometer (2003)

The working principle, fabrication technology for a new type of MEMS accelerometer , convective accelerometer are presented in this paper. As the accelerometer is composed of silicon cavity, heater, and temperature transducers which are fixed on both sides of the heater with equal distance, there are no moveable parts and no proof mass in the device, so ensured the anti shock property nearly perfect as the material property. The reliability experiment shows that the convective accelerometer can work well under abominable conditions. Such excellent property will make it reliable for products.
A Mobile Based Remote User Authentication Scheme without Verifier Table for Cloud Based Services (2015)

The emerging Cloud computing technology, offering computing resources as a service is gaining increasing attention of both the public and private sector. For the whole hearted adoption of Cloud, the service providers need to ensure that only valid users gain access to the services and data residing within the provider's premises. Ensuring secure access to sensitive resources within the Cloud requires a strong user authentication mechanism using multiple authentication factors. The mechanisms should also consider the increasing needs of Internet access through smart phones and other mobile devices and facilitate access through a variety of devices.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Aminoxylation/Aza‐Michael Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydro‐1,2‐oxazines (2008)

Catalyst for THOught: The title reaction using acyclic nitroalkenals for the asymmetric installation of both CO and CN bonds led to functionalized tetrahydro-1,2-oxazines (THOs) having up to three stereogenic centers; the products were isolated in up to 90 % yield with excellent enantioselectivity and complete diastereoselectivity (see scheme). DFT calculations reveal an unprecedented transition state containing a molecule of water, which assists in the CN bond-forming step by participating in two hydrogen bonds.
As You sow so Shall You Reap: Public Investment Surges, Growth, and Debt Sustainability in togo (2012)

This paper presents an analysis of the public investment scaling-up strategy for Togo using a dynamic macroeconomic model that explicitly analyzes the links between public investment, economic growth, and debt sustainability. In the model, public capital is productive and complementary to private capital, generating positive medium and long-run effects to increases in public investment. The model application indicates that a very large increase in public investment would have positive macroeconomic effects in the long-run, but would require unrealistic increases in the tax burden to cover recurrent costs and ensure debt sustainability. More modest increases in public investment would require more feasible increases in the tax burden, particularly if the efficiency of tax collection is improved. The model simulations also emphasize the importance of improvements in the efficiency of public investment to reap welfare gains. However, even if the macroeconomic implications of public investment scaling-up can be favorable in the long-run under certain assumptions on rates of return and efficiency of investment, the transition period is challenging and exposes the country to increased risk of unsustainable debt dynamics. The model was also used to assess the growth projections underlying the standard Excel-based debt sustainability analysis for Togo.