gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Michigan's Cooperative Forest Pest Management Program, A Team Approach to Improving Forest Management (2017)

A forest management team was organized in the late 1970's by cooperative efforts of Michigan's universities. the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the USDA Forest Service.The goals were to devise new technologies, transfer available technology, and service and management alternatives to forest land managers in Michigan. The program throughout has emphasized forest management rather than pest management for prevention and control of pests. Dissemination of pest management information has been of importance and new research results have gone directly to land managers for immediate use. The team participates in forest compartmental reviews and helps prescribe management plans for land parcels, thus providing for preventative pest management. Services and management recommendations are provided mostly through forest pest specialists located in the field. They feed back results and problems to researchers and extension specialists of the team for further input. Preventive management information used by by local managers in recent years has nearly paid the cost of the program. Plans are to broaden the team effort by cooperating with organizations and in adjacent states through a computer network system and by other means .
Temporal Boolean Network Models of Genetic Networks and their Inference from Gene Expression Time Series (2001)

Identification of genetic signal transduction pathways and genetic regulatory networks from gene expression data is one of key problems in computational molecular biology. Boolean networks [1, 2, 3], offer a discrete time Boolean model of gene expression. In this model, each gene can be in one of two states (on or off) at any given time. The expression of a given gene at time t + 1 can be modeled byaBoolean function of the expression of at most k genes at time t, where typically k!!n, and n is total number of genes under consideration. This paper motivates and introduces a generalization of the Boolean network model to address dependencies among activity of genes that span for more than one unit of time. The resulting model, called the TBN(n# k# T ) model, allows the expression of each gene to be controlled by a Boolean function of the expression levels of at most k genes at times in ft \\Delta\\Delta\\Deltat ; (T ; 1)g.We present an adaptation of a popular machine learning algorithm for decision tree induction [4] for inference of a TBN(n# k# T ) network from gene expression data. Preliminary experiments with synthetic gene expression data generated from known TBN(n# k# T)networks demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Support vector machines for visual gender classification (2002)

Support vector machines (SVM) are investigated for visual gender classification with low-resolution "thumbnail" faces (21-by-12 pixels) processed from 1755 images from the FERET face database. The performance of SVM (3.4% error) is shown to be superior to traditional pattern classifiers (linear, quadratic, Fisher linear discriminant, nearest-neighbor) as well as more modern techniques such as radial basis function (RBF) classifiers and large ensemble-RBF networks. Surprisingly, SVM also out-performed human test subjects at the same task: in an experimental study involving 30 human test subjects ranging in age from mid-20s to mid-40s, the average error rate was 32% for the same "thumbnails" and 6.7% with high-resolution images (still nearly twice the error rate of SVM). The difference between low and high-resolution inputs with SVM was only 1% thus demonstrating a degree of robustness and relative scale invariance.
Thermal bonding of polypropylene nonwovens: Effect of bonding variables on the structure and properties of the fabrics (2004)

Abstract Properties of the point‐bonded nonwoven fabrics are dependent on the bonding conditions, in addition to those of the polymer/fiber. Thermally bonded carded webs were produced and characterized to investigate the role of bond area, bond size, and bonding temperature on the structure and properties of point‐bonded nonwoven fabrics. It was observed that the bond strength increases with bond area and bond size. The effects of bond area and bond size on fiber morphology were negligible. Significant morphological differences were observed in the bonded and the unbonded regions of the thermally bonded webs. To see how the staple fiber studies relate to the behavior of continuous filaments, similar sets of samples were produced and characterized by using the spunbond system. The observed trends for properties with respect to bonding conditions were similar for spunbond samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3593–3600, 2004
Peer-to-Peer beyond file sharing: Where are P2P systems going? (2009)

Are P2P systems and applications here to stay? Or are they a bright meteor whose destiny is to disappear soon? In this paper we try to give a positive answer to the first question, highlighting reasons why the P2P paradigm should become an integral part of computing and communication services and not only oddities for Cyber-geeks.
Replication of Neuroblastoma SNP Association at the <i>BARD1</i> Locus in African-Americans (2012)

Common BARD1 SNPs affect risk of neuroblastoma in African-Americans. The role of other SNPs associated to neuroblastoma in children of European descent could not be confirmed, possibly due to different patterns of linkage disequilibrium or limited statistical power to detect association to variants with small effect on disease risk. Extension of GWAS to populations of African descent is important to confirm their results and validity beyond the European populations and can help to refine the location of the putative causal variants.
A template-based forum posts content extraction method (2011)

In the management of the online public opinion and Internet intelligent information, people need to obtain the content of the forum threads for further research on the topic emotion and the dissemination of forum topics. This paper presents a method based on templates to extract web forum contents. Proposed method overcomes the problem which caused by the change of the web pages structures and contents, and can extract the content effectively. In this method, web pages are translated into DOM (Document Object Model) tree which will be matched by the templates. In cases when it doesn't match, Fuzzy matching and repetition matching is used. Finally the web pages contents are extracted and obtained. The experiment shows that this method has a better accuracy and recall rate.
Creation of a Novel Humanized Dystrophic Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Application of a CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Therapy (2017)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in DMD which disrupt the reading frame. Therapeutic strategies that restore DMD's reading frame, such as exon skipping and CRISPR/Cas9, need to be tested in the context of the human DMD sequence in vivo. We have developed a novel dystrophic mouse model by using CRISPR/Cas9 to delete exon 45 in the human DMD gene in hDMD mice, which places DMD out-of-frame. We have utilized this model to demonstrate that our clinically-relevant CRISPR/Cas9 platform, which targets deletion of human DMD exons 45-55, can be directly applied in vivo to restore dystrophin.
The Influence of Individual-level Cultural Orientation on ERP System Adoption (2004)

As the global implementation of IS becomes popular, cross-cultural IS research is gaining interests from both academic researchers and practitioners. This research-in-progress paper applies individual-level measurement of cultural orientation provided by Dorfman and Howell (1988) to the recent findings of motivation and computer self-efficacy research in order to predict ERP system adoption. A survey will be administered to the Glovia International ERP system user group, and the results will be used to check the individual-level factors of system adoption in two different countries (U.S. and Japan). The direct effect of individual-level cultural orientation on the usefulness and ease of use as well as mediating effect through enjoyment, personal innovativeness of IT, and computer self-efficacy will be tested. Data will be collected before the conference and presented at the conference using Partial Least Square (PLS) technique.
5′‐<i>P</i>‐Borane‐Substituted Thymidine Monophosphate and Triphosphate (1992)

The attachment of the BH3 group to the phosphorus atom is the crucial step in the synthesis of boranophosphate 1 and -triphosphate 2. These compounds could be as useful in biochemical and molecular biological investigations as the related thiophosphates because of the prochiral (in 1) and chiral (in 2) phosphorus centers and the similar charge distribution to the thiophosphates.
Sobre el despojo de tierras en Córdoba (Colombia) (2016)

El Trabajo se propuso analizar la tenencia y distribucion de las tierras en territorios campesinos, las formas de conseguirlas, las distintas causas y los antecedentes historicos que han generado desplazamiento sistematico en el Departamento de Cordoba, hasta el punto de sentar las bases de una sociedad rural, que se ha debatido en medio de la pobreza, la inequidad, la injusticia, a pesar de los grandes esfuerzos que han realizado los campesinos para sobreponerse. El proyecto se realizo en cuatro fases de investigacion que combinan un conjunto de aproximaciones metodologicas cualitativas y cuantitativas; cada una de ellas se ordena en secuencia logica temporal.
Improving Stochastic Gradient Descent with Feedback (2017)

In this paper we propose a simple and efficient method for improving stochastic gradient descent methods by using feedback from the objective function. The method tracks the relative changes in the objective function with a running average, and uses it to adaptively tune the learning rate in stochastic gradient descent. We specifically apply this idea to modify Adam, a popular algorithm for training deep neural networks. We conduct experiments to compare the resulting algorithm, which we call Eve, with state of the art methods used for training deep learning models. We train CNNs for image classification, and RNNs for language modeling and question answering. Our experiments show that Eve outperforms all other algorithms on these benchmark tasks. We also analyze the behavior of the feedback mechanism during the training process.
Can the Language-dominant Hemisphere Be Predicted by Brain Anatomy? (2010)

It has long been suspected that cortical interhemispheric asymmetries may underlie hemispheric language dominance (HLD). To test this hypothesis, we determined interhemispheric asymmetries using stereology and MRI of three cortical regions hypothesized to be related to HLD (Broca's area, planum temporale, and insula) in healthy adults in whom HLD was determined using functional transcranial Doppler sonography and functional MRI (15 left HLD, 10 right HLD). We observed no relationship between volume asymmetry of the gyral correlates of Broca's area or planum temporale and HLD. However, we observed a robust relationship between volume asymmetry of the insula and HLD (p = .008), which predicted unilateral HLD in 88% individuals (86.7% left HDL and 90% right HLD). There was also a subtle but significant positive correlation between the extent of HLD and insula volume asymmetry (p = .02), indicating that a larger insula predicted functional lateralization to the same hemispheric side for the majority of subjects. We found no visual evidence of basic anatomical markers of HLD other than that the termination of the right posterior sylvian fissure was more likely to be vertical than horizontal in right HLD subjects (p = .02). Predicting HLD by virtue of gross brain anatomy is complicated by interindividual variability in sulcal contours, and the possibility remains that morphological and cytoarchitectural organization of the classical language regions may underlie HLD when analyses are not constrained by the natural limits imposed by measurement of gyral volume. Although the anatomical correlates of HLD will most likely be found to include complex intra- and interhemispheric connections, there is the possibility that such connectivity may correlate with gray matter morphology. We suggest that the potential significance of insular morphology should be considered in future studies addressing the anatomical correlates of human language lateralization.
Monitoring of tissue coagulation during thermotherapy using optoacoustic technique (2005)

In this paper we have applied the laser optoacoustic technique for real time noninvasive monitoring of thermal damage in tissues. Changes in tissue optical properties during coagulation were detected by measuring and analysing amplitude and temporal characteristics of optoacoustic signals. Coagulation of liver, myocardium and prostate was induced by interstitial continuous wave Nd : YAG laser irradiation of the samples or by conductive heating. Real time detection of thermally-induced changes in optical properties was performed with sensitive wide-band acoustic transducers. Combination of optoacoustic and diffuse reflectance technique was applied for determination of tissue optical properties: effective attenuation, total diffuse reflectance, reduced scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient. The optical properties did not change up to temperature of coagulation (about 53°C) and sharply increased during heating up to 70°C. Monitoring of the expansion of interstitial coagulation front within freshly excised canine tissues was performed in real time with spatial resolution of about 0.6 mm. The results of our study suggest that this technique can potentially be used for real time precise thermotherapy of malignant and benign lesions at depths of the order of the centimetre.
Enabling Large Intelligent Surfaces With Compressive Sensing and Deep Learning (2021)

Employing large intelligent surfaces (LISs) is a promising solution for improving the coverage and rate of future wireless systems. These surfaces comprise massive numbers of nearly-passive elements that interact with the incident signals, for example by reflecting them, in a smart way that improves the wireless system performance. Prior work focused on the design of the LIS reflection matrices assuming full channel knowledge. Estimating these channels at the LIS, however, is a key challenging problem. With the massive number of LIS elements, channel estimation or reflection beam training will be associated with (i) huge training overhead if all the LIS elements are passive (not connected to a baseband) or with (ii) prohibitive hardware complexity and power consumption if all the elements are connected to the baseband through a fully-digital or hybrid analog/digital architecture. This paper proposes efficient solutions for these problems by leveraging tools from compressive sensing and deep learning. First, a novel LIS architecture based on sparse channel sensors is proposed. In this architecture, all the LIS elements are passive except for a few elements that are active (connected to the baseband). We then develop two solutions that design the LIS reflection matrices with negligible training overhead. In the first approach, we leverage compressive sensing tools to construct the channels at all the LIS elements from the channels seen only at the active elements. In the second approach, we develop a deep-learning based solution where the LIS learns how to interact with the incident signal given the channels at the active elements, which represent the state of the environment and transmitter/receiver locations. We show that the achievable rates of the proposed solutions approach the upper bound, which assumes perfect channel knowledge, with negligible training overhead and with only a few active elements, making them promising for future LIS systems.
Protein and Energy as an Integrated System. Relationship of Ruminal Protein and Carbohydrate Availability to Microbial Synthesis and Milk Production (1988)

In early lactation, dietary CP and energy can profoundly affect milk yield, but current methods of assessing these nutrients are often inadequate to predict animal performance. Nutrient availability is largely determined by rate and extent of ruminal digestion. Current ruminal availability data for many feedstuffs are plagued with extreme variation. Microbial yields are related primarily to the growth rate that carbohydrate permits, and few data exist on rurnen carbohydrate availability. Variations in microbial growth rates (.04 to 25%/h) can cause a 44% variation in yield; use of a constant growth yield across feedstuffs is inappropriate. Microbes can be starved for nitrogen when rumen available protein is low (< 30%). If rumen-available protein is greater than 60% nitrogen losses are excessive, even if rumen-available carbohydrate is also high. Decreases in rumen availability of protein increases milk production when CP intake is marginal (<14% CP), but no response is seen if CP is more than 16%. Manipulation of rumen-available protein appears to be most beneficial when cows are in negative energy balance and sufficient
Inactivation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 85 Complex by Covalent, Allosteric Inhibitors (2014)

The rise of multidrug-resistant and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis and the association with an increasing number of HIV-positive patients developing tuberculosis emphasize the necessity to find new antitubercular targets and drugs. The antigen 85 (Ag85) complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays important roles in the biosynthesis of major components of the mycobacterial cell envelope. For this reason, Ag85 has emerged as an attractive drug target. Recently, ebselen was identified as an effective inhibitor of the Ag85 complex through covalent modification of a cysteine residue proximal to the Ag85 active site and is therefore a covalent, allosteric inhibitor. To expand the understanding of this process, we have solved the x-ray crystal structures of Ag85C covalently modified with ebselen and other thiol-reactive compounds, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and iodoacetamide, as well as the structure of a cysteine to glycine mutant. All four structures confirm that chemical modification or mutation at this particular cysteine residue leads to the disruption of the active site hydrogen-bonded network essential for Ag85 catalysis. We also describe x-ray crystal structures of Ag85C single mutants within the catalytic triad and show that a mutation of any one of these three residues promotes the same conformational change observed in the cysteine-modified forms. These results provide evidence for active site dynamics that may afford new strategies for the development of selective and potent Ag85 inhibitors.
Semantic labeling of 3D point clouds with object affordance for robot manipulation (2014)

When a robot is deployed it needs to understand the nature of its surroundings. In this paper, we address the problem of semantic labeling 3D point clouds by object affordance (e.g., `pushable', `liftable'). We propose a technique to extract geometric features from point cloud segments and build a classifier to predict associated object affordances. With the classifier, we have developed an algorithm to enhance object segmentation and reduce manipulation uncertainty by iterative clustering, along with minimizing labeling entropy. Our incremental multiple view merging technique shows improved object segmentation. The novel feature of our approach is the semantic labeling that can be directly applied to manipulation planning. In our experiments with 6 affordance labels, an average of 81.8% accuracy of affordance prediction is achieved. We demonstrate refined object segmentation by applying the classifier to data from the PR2 robot using a Microsoft Kinect in an indoor office environment.
Effect of Carbohydrates on Salmonella typhimurium Colonization in Broiler Chickens (1989)

The effect of carbohydrates in the drinking water of broiler chickens on Salmonella typhimurium colonization was evaluated. Results indicate that mannose and lactose (2.5%) significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced intestinal colonization of S. typhimurium by at least one-half, as compared with dextrose, maltose, and sucrose. Lactose and mannose also significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) the mean log10 number of S. typhimurium in the cecal contents. Although mannose was the most effective sugar at blocking colonization, lactose may be more practical because it is effective and costs much less than mannose. Provision of carbohydrates in the drinking water had no significant effect on weight gain.
Model complexity control for regression using VC generalization bounds (1999)

It is well known that for a given sample size there exists a model of optimal complexity corresponding to the smallest prediction (generalization) error. Hence, any method for learning from finite samples needs to have some provisions for complexity control. Existing implementations of complexity control include penalization (or regularization), weight decay (in neural networks), and various greedy procedures (aka constructive, growing, or pruning methods). There are numerous proposals for determining optimal model complexity (aka model selection) based on various (asymptotic) analytic estimates of the prediction risk and on resampling approaches. Nonasymptotic bounds on the prediction risk based on Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC)-theory have been proposed by Vapnik. This paper describes application of VC-bounds to regression problems with the usual squared loss. An empirical study is performed for settings where the VC-bounds can be rigorously applied, i.e., linear models and penalized linear models where the VC-dimension can be accurately estimated, and the empirical risk can be reliably minimized. Empirical comparisons between model selection using VC-bounds and classical methods are performed for various noise levels, sample size, target functions and types of approximating functions. Our results demonstrate the advantages of VC-based complexity control with finite samples.
Significant increase in the antibody to Gal alpha 1-3Gal structure in sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial embolization. (1989)

Sera from the patients with chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were tested for reactivity with neutral glycosphingolipids extracted from rabbit liver plasma membrane by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatography immunostaining. IgG class antibody to neutral glycosphingolipids was detected in 29.6% (8 of 27), 6.3% (1 of 16), 0% (0 of 8), 0% (0 of 25), and 6.9% (2 of 29) in the sera of patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and normal individuals, respectively. Using the serum positive for the antibody to neutral glycosphingolipids, the target antigen glycolipid was isolated. Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, exoglycosidases treatment, and permethylation analysis revealed that the main target antigen was IV3 alpha Gal-nLc4Cer. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG class antibody to IV3 alpha Gal-nLc4Cer was detected in 33.3% (9 of 27), 18.8% (3 of 16), 25% (2 of 8), 4% (1 of 25), and 6% (3 of 50) in the sera of patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and normal individuals, respectively. Of 9 HCC patients positive for the antibody, 6 had received transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy. Six of 10 patients who received TAE therapy had the antibody, whereas only 3 of 17 patients without TAE therapy had the antibody. This antibody may be a heterophile antibody, which recognizes Gal alpha 1-3Gal structure at the nonreducing terminal of the antigen. Since the occurrence of this antibody was closely related with TAE therapy, the necrosis of HCC induced by TAE therapy may stimulate the production of the antibody.