gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age and the means of bypassing stasis influence the intrinsic subtype of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (2015)

Based on molecular features, breast cancers are grouped into intrinsic subtypes that have different prognoses and therapeutic response profiles. With increasing age, breast cancer incidence increases, with hormone receptor-positive and other luminal-like subtype tumors comprising a majority of cases. It is not known at what stage of tumor progression subtype specification occurs, nor how the process of aging affects the intrinsic subtype. We examined subtype markers in immortalized human mammary epithelial cell lines established following exposure of primary cultured cell strains to a two-step immortalization protocol that targets the two main barriers to immortality: stasis (stress-associated senescence) and replicative senescence. Cell lines derived from epithelial cells obtained from non-tumorous pre- and post-menopausal breast surgery tissues were compared. Additionally, comparisons were made between lines generated using two different genetic interventions to bypass stasis: transduction of either an shRNA that down-regulated p16(INK4A), or overexpressed constitutive active cyclin D1/CDK2. In all cases, the replicative senescence barrier was bypassed by transduction of c-Myc. Cells from all resulting immortal lines exhibited normal karyotypes. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and gene expression analyses of lineage-specific markers were used to categorize the intrinsic subtypes of the immortalized lines. Bypassing stasis with p16 shRNA in young strains generated cell lines that were invariably basal-like, but the lines examined from older strains exhibited some luminal features such as keratin 19 and estrogen receptor expression. Overexpression of cyclin D1/CDK2 resulted in keratin 19 positive, luminal-like cell lines from both young and old strains, and the lines examined from older strains exhibited estrogen receptor expression. Thus age and the method of bypassing stasis independently influence the subtype of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells.
Geo-Social Semantic Profile Matching Algorithm for Dynamic Interests in Ad-hoc Social Network (2015)

Ad-hoc Social Network (ASN) allows users to create social network connections using wireless ad hoc network. Various techniques have been proposed to create ASN by matching profiles of users. In order to create meaningful ASN, there is a need to dynamically set and match user profile based on changing user's interests. This paper provides an algorithm to semantically match users profiles based on geographic location and dynamic interests.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Bifunctional Catalyst for Tandem Heck—Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Z-coder adaptive binary coder (2002)

We present the Z-coder, a new adaptive data compression coder for coding binary data. The Z-coder is derived from the Golomb (1966) run-length coder, and retains most of the speed and simplicity of the earlier coder. The Z-coder can also be thought of as a multiplication-free approximate arithmetic coder, showing the close relationship between run-length coding and arithmetic coding. The Z-coder improves upon existing arithmetic coders by its speed and its principled design. We present a derivation of the Z-coder as well as details of the construction of its adaptive probability estimation table.
Swept-Source OCT Angiography of the Retinal Vasculature Using Intensity Differentiation-based Optical Microangiography Algorithms (2014)

The capability of OMAG to produce retinal vascular images was demonstrated using the 1-µm SS-OCT prototype. This technique has potential clinical value for studying retinal vasculature abnormalities.
Urine proteomics for discovery of improved diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease (2012)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Absence of definitive diagnostic markers limits the accuracy of clinical evaluations of suspected KD with significant increases in morbidity. In turn, incomplete understanding of its molecular pathogenesis hinders the identification of rational targets needed to improve therapy. We used high-accuracy mass spectrometry proteomics to analyse over 2000 unique proteins in clinical urine specimens of patients with KD. We discovered that urine proteomes of patients with KD, but not those with mimicking conditions, were enriched for markers of cellular injury such as filamin and talin, immune regulators such as complement regulator CSMD3, immune pattern recognition receptor muclin, and immune cytokine protease meprin A. Significant elevations of filamin C and meprin A were detected in both the serum and urine in two independent cohorts of patients with KD, comprised of a total of 236 patients. Meprin A and filamin C exhibited superior diagnostic performance as compared to currently used markers of disease in a blinded case-control study of 107 patients with suspected KD, with receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve of 0.98 (95% confidence intervals [CI] of 0.97-1 and 0.95-1, respectively). Notably, meprin A was enriched in the coronary artery lesions of a mouse model of KD. In all, urine proteome profiles revealed novel candidate molecular markers of KD, including filamin C and meprin A that exhibit excellent diagnostic performance. These disease markers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluations of children with suspected KD, lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and allow the development of a biological classification of Kawasaki disease.
Electrokinetic Logging has the Potential to Measure Permeability (2006)

We have studied the electrokinetic signals generated by acoustic sources centered in a borehole using a finite element model, and by making borehole and laboratory measurements. Electrokinetic signals are generated when acoustic sources move fluid in the pore space of a rock. These signals therefore contain information on the dynamic as well as the static properties of a reservoir. We have found that a reliable permeability log can be derived from electrokinetic measurements. The finite element model combines Biot's equations for acoustic propagation in a porous medium with a simplified form of Maxwell's equations. In the current implementation the model computes the electrical and acoustic signals generated in and around a borehole from a source placed in the borehole, assuming 2D geometry. The model handles the effect of mudcake as well as the presence of horizontal and radial layers. Of the various types of electrokinetic signal generated, the normalized electric field (the ratio of the electric field to the pressure) of the Stoneley wave has the most significant dependence on permeability independent of porosity. We have also constructed a simple logging tool with acoustic and electrical transducers, designed to give minimum noise or spurious electrical signals. The tool has been used to test the model results in three well-characterized water wells as well as the Callisto nuclear-tool calibration pits. Results to date show good repeatability and encouraging correlations with permeability from cores and tests. In one case we were able to use the model to invert the field data and obtain a permeability log. Laboratory measurements have been focused on two large blocks of sandstone with widely differing permeability. After verifying that the observed electrokinetic signals originated in the sandstone, we measured electrokinetic and pressure signals which confirm experimentally that the normalized electric field is a function of permeability. The signals also corresponded qualitatively with those predicted by the model.
CKS1B, Mapping to an Amplicon on Chromosome 1q21 and over Expressed in Aggressive Disease, Regulates Multiple Myeloma Growth and Survival through p27Kip1-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms. (2006)

Abstract While deregulated expression of a D-type cyclin is thought to represent an initiating event in myelomagenesis, the molecular mechanisms of disease progression are not understood. We recently reported that disease progression and high-risk disease are strongly correlated with increased copy number and expression of genes mapping to chromosome 1q. Here we report that elevated expression of CKS1B, a regulatory subunit of the SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase that regulates p27Kip1 protein stability, mapping to an amplicon at 1q21 and over expressed in high-risk myeloma, is required for myeloma cell survival both in vitro and in-vivo. CKS1B expression, absent in plasma cells from healthy individuals and the benign plasma cell dyscrasia monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, is inversely correlated with p27Kip1 protein levels in primary MM. Silencing of CKS1B in MM cell lines JJN3 and OCI-MY5 using shRNAs delivered by constitutive and inducible lentivirus vectors induced stabilization of p27Kip1, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Over expression of a non-degradable form of p27Kip1 in JJN3 and OCI-MY5 cells inhibited cell cycle progression, but did not induce apoptosis. We propose that CKS1B may play in important role in myeloma progression through p27Kip1-related and unrelated mechanisms.
N<scp>UTRITIONAL</scp> R<scp>EGULATION OF</scp> M<scp>ILK</scp> F<scp>AT</scp> S<scp>YNTHESIS</scp> (2003)

Certain diets cause a marked reduction in milk fat production in ruminants. Commonly referred to as milk fat depression (MFD), the mechanism involves an interrelationship between rumen microbial processes and tissue metabolism. Numerous theories to explain this interrelationship have been proposed and investigations offer little support for theories that are based on a limitation in the supply of lipogenic precursors. Rather, the basis involves alterations in rumen biohydrogenation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and a specific inhibition of mammary synthesis of milk fat. The biohydrogenation theory proposes that under certain dietary conditions, typical pathways of rumen biohydrogenation are altered to produce unique fatty acid intermediates that inhibit milk fat synthesis. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been identified as one example that is correlated with the reduction in milk fat. Investigations with pure isomers have shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis, and similar to diet-induced MFD, the mechanism involves a coordinated reduction in mRNA abundance for key enzymes involved in the biochemical pathways of fat synthesis. A more complete identification of these naturally produced inhibitors of fat synthesis and delineation of cellular mechanisms may offer broader opportunities for application and understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism.
IFN-ALPHA TREATMENT OF P190 BCR ABL TRANSGENIC MICE (1994)

Interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) is one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Recently, IFN-alpha has also been tried in the treatment of Ph-positive acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a disease in part sharing the same molecular genetic lesion as CML, namely a BCR/ABL fusion gene. In the present study we analyzed the effect of IFN-alpha (rHuIFN-alphaA/D) on a mouse model for Ph-positive ALL - mice transgenic for the P190 BCR/ABL fusion gene. IFN-alpha treatment was started in the early leukemic phase and continued throughout the course of the disease in eight transgenic animals. No prolonged survival or altered disease pattern with regard to the development of leukemia and/or lymphoma was observed. We conclude that IFN-alpha, at least in a transgenic setting, does not interfere with the leukemogenic process induced by the P190 BCR/ABL fusion gene.
Development of an underwater mass-spectrometry system for<i>in situ</i>chemical analysis (1999)

Progress in the design, construction and packaging of small portable mass spectrometers for operation on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is described. Our first deployable version consists of a membrane introduction interface coupled with a linear quadrupole mass filter for in situ detection and quantification of dissolved gases and volatile organic compounds. We present laboratory results which demonstrate that sub-parts-per-billion detection limits have been achieved for toluene. The mass-spectrometer system is compatible with AUV constraints and operates on 24 V dc, consuming of the order of 100 W of power. Technical challenges of performing underwater mass spectrometry are addressed, in particular sample introduction from the water column and the maintenance of a vacuum system. Initial operation will be in shallow water of 30 m depth or less. Alternative versions of interfaces and mass spectrometers are also discussed. We anticipate that providing the capability of performing in situ underwater mass-spectrometric analysis will have a significant impact in the areas of marine science and environmental monitoring.
Novel Delivery Strategies for Glioblastoma (2012)

Brain tumors--particularly glioblastoma multiforme--pose an important public health problem in the United States. Despite surgical and medical advances, the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas remains grim: current therapy is insufficient with nearly universal recurrence. A major reason for this failure is the difficulty of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain: better delivery approaches are needed to improve treatment. In this article, we summarize recent progress in drug delivery to the brain, with an emphasis on convection-enhanced delivery of nanocarriers. We examine the potential of new delivery methods to permit novel drug- and gene-based therapies that target brain cancer stem cells and discuss the use of nanomaterials for imaging of tumors and drug delivery.
Matching network design for passive intermodulation distortion reduction (2013)

A method for designing matching networks to reduce the distortion created by nonlinear passive components interfacing with antennas is presented. Coaxial connectors produce passive intermodulation distortion based on the amount of current flowing through them. By increasing the input impedance at the connector using impedance transformations, current, and thereby passive intermodulation distortion, can be reduced. A model is developed which allows designers to understand the relationship between impedance and distortion. Experimentally a reduction greater than 20 dB in passive intermodulation distortion is shown using a λ/4 matching network to transform the input impedance at the passive intermodulation source from 50Ω to 285Ω, while minimally affecting the linear transmission properties of the connection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐Vinblastine and Its Analogues. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discrete Fracture Network Upscaling Workflows and Tools in SVS Fracture Solutions (2013)

For dynamic simulations on a fractured reservoir it is often necessary to translate a discrete fracture network (DFN) model into a grid-based set of effective properties. During this upscaling step, the critical characteristics of the original fracture network must be preserved to ensure that the previously performed fracture characterisation and modelling work is not compromised. The ultimate goal is to represent geologically sound fracture scenarios in simulation models so that the impact on fluid flow, well rates and development decisions can be tested. Different methodologies have been proposed and were incorporated into commercial fracture modelling packages to perform this translation. However, each method comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages and none reliably preserves the connectivity of a given fracture network on the scale of a full field model. We will present tools developed in the Shell in-house fracture modelling software SVS Fracture Solutions to upscale a DFN and to quality check the resulting effective property grid. We will outline a workflow that ensures the preservation of the most important characteristic of a DFN, i.e., its connectivity, and which reliably works on full field models.
Integral Hydraulic Motor Speed and Torque Sensor (1986)

ABSTRACT THE hydraulic motor has found many new uses in machine tools, material handling systems, and farm implements. In many applications, the control of the system demands some measure of shaft speed or the torque required to drive the shaft. An integral, low cost, speed and torque sensor for a hydraulic motor was developed and tested. The strain gage based sensor accurately measured the motor speed when the system pressure was greater than 1.4 MPa, and it accurately measured the torque produced.
Effect of body mass index (BMI) on estimation of extracellular volume (ECV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients using segmental and whole body bioimpedance analysis (2005)

The aim of the study was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) influences the estimation of extracellular volume (ECV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients when using segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA) compared to wrist-to-ankle bioimpedance analysis (WBIA) during HD with ultrafiltration (UF). Twenty five HD patients (M:F 19:6,) were studied, and further subdivided into two groups of patients, one group with a high BMI (25 kg m-2) and the other with a low BMI (<25 kg m-2). Segmental (arm, trunk, leg) and wrist-to-ankle bioimpedance measurements on each patient were performed using a modified Xitron 4000B system (Xitron Technologies, San Diego, CA). No differences in extracellular resistance (R(E), ohms) between wrist-to-ankle (R(W)) and sum of segments (R(S)) were noted for either the high BMI (489.2+/-82 ohm versus 491.6+/-82 ohm, p=ns) or low BMI groups (560.8+/-77 ohm versus 557.5+/-75 ohm, p=ns). UF volume (UFV, liters) did not differ significantly between the groups (4.0+/-0.9 L versus 3.3+/-1.0 L, p=ns), but change in ECV (DeltaECV) differed not only between methods: WBIA versus SBIA in the high BMI group (2.74+/-1.1 L versus 3.64+/-1.4 L, p<0.001) and in the low BMI group (1.86+/-0.9 L versus 2.91+/-1.0 L, p<0.05) but also between the high and lower BMI groups with WBIA (2.74+/-1.1 L versus 1.86+/-0.9 L, p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in SBIA between BMI groups. This study suggests that the segmental bioimpedance approach may more accurately reflect changes in ECV during HD with UF than whole body impedance measurements.
A Resonator for Tunable Superconducting Power Filters with Cavities for 5 GHz Band (2010)

A design of the tunable superconducting power filter is described. The filter consists of superconducting microwave cavities with a mechanical tuning method. The electromagnetic simulations using niobium cavity suggested that there were conditions where the resonator with high-unloaded Q can realize a fractional center frequency change of more than ± 10% by using a Nb rod moving in the cavity. The simulations approximated the resonant frequency dependence of the rod moved by a cryogenic actuator in the tunable cavity experiment. In addition, the simulation of the power handling capability showed a feasibility of the value more than 50dBW.
Fabrication of Small-Molecular-Weight Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells by Combination of Wet and Dry Processes (2006)

We succeeded to fabricate p-n heterojunction and bulkheterojunction small-molecular-weight organic thin-film solar cells by combination of dry (p-type = zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = fullerene) and wet (p-type = tetra-tert-butyl zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = [6,6]-phenyl-C61-buteric acid methyl ester) processes. Relationship between morphologies of semiconducting layers and photovoltaic properties was investigated. The p-n heterojunction organic thin-film solar cells based on dry process, where surface roughness was approximately 2 nm, showed the highest power conversion efficiency of 1.3% in this paper.
Three-dimensional relationship between high-order root-mean-square wavefront error, pupil diameter, and aging (2007)

We report root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront error (WFE) for individual aberrations and cumulative high-order (HO) RMS WFE for the normal human eye as a function of age by decade and pupil diameter in 1 mm steps from 3 to 7 mm and determine the relationship among HO RMS WFE, mean age for each decade of life, and luminance for physiologic pupil diameters. Subjects included 146 healthy individuals from 20 to 80 years of age. Ocular aberration was measured on the preferred eye of each subject (for a total of 146 eyes through dilated pupils; computed for 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm pupils; and described with a tenth-radial-order normalized Zernike expansion. We found that HO RMS WFE increases faster with increasing pupil diameter for any given age and pupil diameter than it does with increasing age alone. A planar function accounts for 99% of the variance in the 3-D space defined by mean log HO RMS WFE, mean age for each decade of life, and pupil diameter. When physiologic pupil diameters are used to estimate HO RMS WFE as a function of luminance and age, at low luminance (9 cd/m2) HO RMS WFE decreases with increasing age. This normative data set details (1) the 3-D relationship between HO RMS WFE and age for fixed pupil diameters and (2) the 3-D relationship among HO RMS WFE, age, and luminance for physiologic pupil diameters.
Anti-jamming coding techniques with application to cognitive radio (2009)

In this paper, we consider the design of efficient anti-jamming coding techniques for recovering lost packets transmitted through parallel channels. We present two coding schemes with small overhead and low complexity, namely, rateless coding and piecewise coding. For piecewise coding, we propose the optimal as well as several suboptimal design methods to build short block codes with small number of parity checks. One application of the anti-jamming coding techniques is in a cognitive radio system to protect the secondary users from the interference by the primary users. For such application, we consider two types of subchannel selections, i.e., the single uniform and general non-uniform subchannel selections. Throughput and the goodput performance of the secondary users employing either anti-jamming coding technique is analyzed under both subchannel selection strategies. The results show that both coding techniques provide reliable transmissions with high throughput and small redundancy. The piecewise coding using the designed short codes provides better performance with smaller overhead under low to medium jamming rate. For non-uniform subchannel selection, the designed short code improves the throughput and goodput performance of secondary transmission with antijamming piecewise coding while the rateless coding provides similar or worse performance than that in the uniform case.