gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Brightness Temperature of the Moon: The Possibility of Setting a Calibration Source of the Lunar Surface (2015)

To improve the retrieval accuracy of the lunar properties from microwave brightness temperature (TB) data sets of the lunar surface, TB measurements of the global moon need a calibration source to better estimate. In this letter, the standard for the calibration source is defined, and two possible calibration sources (the lunar center and Apollo 15) are proposed, which are based on a theoretical TB model. There is a difference of about 4 (3/37 GHz) and 11 K (7.8/19.35 GHz) between the simulated calibration source and Chang'E observation at the lunar center, and of about 7 K (3/7.8/19.35/37 GHz) at Apollo 15. The simulated calibration source (7.8/37 GHz) of the lunar center is within the range of the ground-based measurement. Note that the lunar center has been measured frequently by both ground-based and in-orbiter instruments, and the calibration source of the lunar center is the most possible and credible for the lunar surface. The uncertainty of the calibration source has been also analyzed.
Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk. (1996)

This paper gives an overview of the epidemiological data concerning the cancer-preventive effect of brassica vegetables, including cabbage, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. The protective effect of brassicas against cancer may be due to their relatively high content of glucosinolates. Certain hydrolysis products of glucosinolates have shown anticarcinogenic properties. The results of 7 cohort studies and 87 case-control studies on the association between brassica consumption and cancer risk are summarized. The cohort studies showed inverse associations between the consumption of cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli and risk of lung cancer; between the consumption of brassicas and risk of stomach cancer; between broccoli consumption and risk of all cancers taken together; and between brassica consumption and the occurrence of second primary cancers. Of the case-control studies, 67% showed an inverse association between consumption of total brassica vegetables and risk of cancer at various sites. For cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, these percentages were 70, 56, 67, and 29%, respectively. Although the measured effects might have been distorted by various types of bias, it is concluded that a high consumption of brassica vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer. This association appears to be most consistent for lung, stomach, colon, and rectal cancer and least consistent for prostatic, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. It is not yet possible to resolve whether associations are to be attributed to brassica vegetables per se or to vegetables in general. Further epidemiological research should separate the anticarcinogenic effect of brassica vegetables from the effect of vegetables in general.
Induction of type I interferon by RNA viruses: cellular receptors and their substrates (2009)

Virus recognition and induction of interferon (IFN) are critical components of the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor families have been characterized as key players in RNA virus detection. Signaling cascades initiated by these receptors are crucial for establishment of an IFN signaling mediated antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells and containment of virus replication as well as initiation of the adaptive immune response. In this review, we focus on the diverse and overlapping functions of these receptors, their physiological importance, and respective viral inducers. We highlight the roles of TRL3, TLR7/8, retinoic acid inducible gene I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and the RNA molecules responsible for activating these viral sensors.
Two decades of progress (2009)

Paediatric nursing celebrates 20 years of reporting changes in nursing that have widened professional skill mix, scope and accountability of the profession. daniel allen reports
Toward an improved color rendering metric (2005)

Several aspects of the Color Rendering Index (CRI) are flawed, limiting its usefulness in assessing the color rendering capabilities of LEDs for general illumination. At NIST, we are developing recommendations to modify the CRI that would overcome these problems. The current CRI is based on only eight reflective samples, all of which are low to medium chromatic saturation. These colors do not adequately span the range of normal object colors. Some lights that are able to accurately render colors of low saturation perform poorly with highly saturated colors. This is particularly prominent with light sources with peaked spectral distributions as realized by solid-state lighting. We have assembled 15 Munsell samples that overcome these problems and have performed analysis to show the improvement. Additionally, the CRI penalizes lamps for showing increases in object chromatic saturation compared to reference lights, which is actually desirable for most applications. We suggest a new computation scheme for determining the color rendering score that differentiates between hue and saturation shifts and takes their directions into account. The uniform color space used in the CRI is outdated and a replacement will be recommended. The CRI matches the CCT of the reference to that of the test light. This can be problematic when lights are substantially bluish or reddish. Lights of extreme CCTs are frequently poor color renderers, though they can score very high on the current CRI. An improved chromatic adaptation correction calculation would eliminate the need to match CCT and an updated correction is being considered.
Modeling punctuation prediction as machine translation. (2011)

Punctuation prediction is an important task in Spoken Lan-guage Translation. The output of speech recognition systems does not typically contain punctuation marks. In this pa-per we analyze different methods for punctuation prediction and show improvements in the quality of the final transla-tion output. In our experiments we compare the different ap-proaches and show improvements of up to 0.8 BLEU points on the IWSLT 2011 English French Speech Translation of Talks task using a translation system to translate from un-punctuated to punctuated text instead of a language model based punctuation prediction method. Furthermore, we do a system combination of the hypotheses of all our different approaches and get an additional improvement of 0.4 points in BLEU. 1.
The modularity of SNMPv3 (2002)

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) was introduced in 1988 and is still widely implemented, deployed, and used. SNMPv3 is now in its final stages of standardization. From a practical perspective, we need to consider how telecommunication systems can be extended to consider different versions of SNMP, different applications and different security models. We present an object-oriented implementation of SNMPv3 to create a flexible product architecture. This architecture allows one to easily interface with other modules as required. We also describe network object models and relationships required for the architecture. The implementation uses Java to create modular reusable components. We explain how the architecture using a modular approach can allow interoperability with other SNMP applications. Also, the systems can possibly connect via an API bus to CORBA, JMAPI or WBEM.
K-RIM (Corneal Rim) Angle Surgery Training Model (2018)

Few angle surgery training models currently exist and none provide these necessary features. The model presented here aims to meet the growing demand for adequate training models required for technically advanced MIGS techniques.
Root (2020)

Research Article| May 01 2020 Root Stine An Stine An Stine An is a Korean American poet, performer, and stand-up comedian based in Providence, Rhode Island. Her work has appeared or is forthcoming in BAX 2018: Best American Experimental Writing, Electric Literature, Black Warrior Review, and Nat. Brut. Stine holds a BA in literature from Harvard College and is an MFA candidate in literary arts at Brown University. Her interests include diasporic poetics, experimental translation, and counterhegemonic performances of identity. She also produces Chat Club PVD, a series of experimental performance and media. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google the minnesota review (2020) 2020 (94): 24. https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8128139 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Stine An; Root. the minnesota review 1 May 2020; 2020 (94): 24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8128139 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalsthe minnesota review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2020 Stine An2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Creative You do not currently have access to this content.
GROWTH AND ANALYSIS OF GALLIUM PHOSPHIDE ON SILICON FOR VERY HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS (2011)

Photovoltaics research and development is marked by a continual effort to reach higher efficiencies. The highest efficiencies are achievable through the use of multijunction solar cells devices designed to utilize the solar spectrum to its fullest potential. State-of-the-art multijunction devices are comprised of III-V materials both for the substrates and the junction layers. While these materials provide the high efficiency sought, they are also very expensive. On the other hand, other high efficiency devices utilize silicon (Si) a material that is highly abundant and inexpensive with a well-developed technological base. The goal of this body of work is the integration of Si and III-V materials in a multijunction system for the realization of high efficiency and increased affordability. This work is comprised of two portions. The first section is the experimental implementation of the growth of gallium phosphide (GaP) on Si through liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) based on previous foundational work. This approach provides unique challenges for the further growth of GaP or other III-V devices on a Si substrate. This body of work addresses the effects of substrate orientation, growth time, temperature, rate, and area, and principles of supersaturation. The second section is a theoretical analysis of two potential dual-junction devices: a GaP solar cell on a Si solar cell and a GaAsP solar cell on a Si solar cell. The results of this work show promise for the future of these devices. The experimental results of this study demonstrate marked improvements in GaP buffer layer quality for subsequent layer growths. Growth procedure optimization steps
Divergent Pathways of Gentrification (2014)

Gentrification has inspired considerable debate, but direct examination of its uneven evolution across time and space is rare. We address this gap by developing a conceptual framework on the social pathways of gentrification and introducing a method of systematic social observation using Google Street View to detect visible cues of neighborhood change. We argue that a durable racial hierarchy governs residential selection and, in turn, gentrifying neighborhoods. Integrating census data, police records, prior street-level observations, community surveys, proximity to amenities, and city budget data on capital investments, we find that the pace of gentrification in Chicago from 2007 to 2009 was negatively associated with the concentration of blacks and Latinos in neighborhoods that either showed signs of gentrification or were adjacent and still disinvested in 1995. Racial composition has a threshold effect, however, attenuating gentrification when the share of blacks in a neighborhood is greater than 40 percent. Consistent with theories of neighborhood stigma, we also find that collective perceptions of disorder, which are higher in poor minority neighborhoods, deter gentrification, while observed disorder does not. These results help explain the reproduction of neighborhood racial inequality amid urban transformation.
Una nueva Estrategia Europea de Seguridad 2009 (2009)

La Presidencia francesa del Consejo de la UE citaba entre las prioridades de su mandato la aprobacion de una nueva Estrategia Europa de Seguridad (EES). Ademas del balance de resultados, se imponia una valoracion critica de la adecuacion de lo previsible a lo imprescindible. Las expectativas se han ido reduciendo y el documento presentado por el alto representante para la Politica Exterior y de Seguridad Comun (PESC) al Consejo Europeo el 11 de diciembre es formalmente un informe sobre la aplicacion de la EES.
A general theory for the dynamics of thin viscous sheets (2002)

A model for the deformation of thin viscous sheets of arbitrary shape subject to arbitrary loading is presented. The starting point is a scaling analysis based on an analytical solution of the Stokes equations for the flow in a shallow (nearly planar) sheet with constant thickness T 0 and principal curvatures k 1 and k 2 , loaded by an harmonic normal stress with wavenumbers q 1 and q 2 in the directions of principal curvature. Two distinct types of deformation can occur: an ‘inextensional’ (bending) mode when [mid ] L 3 ( k 1 q 2 2 + k 2 q 2 1 )[mid ] [Lt ] ε, and a ‘membrane’ (stretching) mode when [mid ] L 3 ( k 1 q 2 2 + k 2 q 2 1 )[mid ] [Gt ] ε, where L ≡ ( q 2 1 + q 2 2 ) −1/2 and ε = T 0 / L [Lt ] 1. The scales revealed by the shallow-sheet solution together with asympotic expansions in powers of ε are used to reduce the three-dimensional equations for the flow in the sheet to a set of equivalent two-dimensional equations, valid in both the inextensional and membrane limits, for the velocity U of the sheet midsurface. Finally, kinematic evolution equations for the sheet shape (metric and curvature tensors) and thickness are derived. Illustrative numerical solutions of the equations are presented for a variety of buoyancy-driven deformations that exhibit buckling instabilities. A collapsing hemispherical dome with radius L deforms initially in a compressional membrane mode, except in bending boundary layers of width ∼ (ε L ) 1/2 near a clamped equatorial edge, and is unstable to a buckling mode which propagates into the dome from that edge. Buckling instabilities are suppressed by the extensional flow in a sagging inverted dome (pendant drop), which consequently evolves entirely in the membrane mode. A two-dimensional viscous jet falling onto a rigid plate exhibits steady periodic folding, the frequency of which varies with the jet height and extrusion rate in a way similar to that observed experimentally.
[Discourses and practices concerning the social participation process in health education activities: community mobilization in the PCDEN/PE. Programa de Controle das Doenças Endêmicas do Nordeste/Pernambuco]. (1998)

This study analyzes and compares several social participation concepts in health education processes to practical experiences with schistosomiasis prevention measures under the Northeast Endemic Disease Control Program (Brazilian Ministry of Health/World Bank, 1987). Using qualitative methods, institutional documents and discourses were interpreted (Sucam, FNS, and Ministry of Health). A field study was also performed (using interviews with community-based health agents and the general population) in the Zona da Mata region of Pernambuco (a historically endemic area for schistosomiasis), focused in the county of Amaraji. Comparing discourses and educational practices, we found factors that explain respective points of convergence and divergence, as well as elements linked to the social and historical process of the target population which systematically limit the efficacy of such educational measures.
Transcutaneous dual tuned RF coil system voltage gain and efficiency evaluation for a passive implantable atrial defibrillator (2010)

Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) can be achieved by applying an electric shock to the heart (defibrillation). A cost-effective approach for internal cardioversion is by means of a subcutaneous passive implantable atrial defibrillator (PIAD). A circuit design using a dual tuned resonant circuit whose capacitance on the receiver side also serves as a voltage booster is proposed and evaluated. The circuit performance is characterised using a MATLAB based model and a PSpice simulation. The circuit exhibited inherent voltage gain stability with a reasonable voltage gain (V Rx /V Tx > 0.3). Computed link efficiency modelling, estimated high link efficiency values of about 63.63% at the 208 kHz resonant frequency (26 mm air gap between coils). The above theoretical characterisation was supported by hardware prototyping which realised a system efficiency of 59.61% (best case).
GLUT4 translocation by insulin in intact muscle cells: detection by a fast and quantitative assay (1998)

We report a rapid and sensitive colorimetric approach to quantitate the amount of glucose transporters exposed at the surface of intact cells, using L6 muscle cells expressing GLUT4 containing an exofacial myc epitope. Unstimulated cells exposed to the surface 5 fmol GLUT4myc per mg protein. This value increased to 10 fmol/mg protein in response to insulin as 2-deoxyglucose (10 microM) uptake doubled. The results are substantiated by immunofluorescent detection of GLUT4myc in unpermeabilized cells and by subcellular fractionation. We further show that wortmannin and the cytoskeleton disruptors cytochalasin D and latrunculin B completely blocked these insulin effects. The rapid quantitative assay described here could be of high value to study insulin signals and to screen for potential anti-diabetic drugs.
Parallel neural network training on Multi-Spert (2002)

Multi-Spert is a scalable parallel system built from multiple Spert-II nodes which we have constructed to speed error backpropagation neural network training for speech recognition research. We present the Multi-Spert hardware and software architecture, and describe our implementation of two alternative parallelization strategies for the backprop algorithm. We have developed detailed analytic models of the two strategies which allow us to predict performance over a range of network and machine parameters. The models' predictions are validated by measurements for a prototype five node Multi-Spert system. This prototype achieves a neural network training performance of over 530 million connection updates per second (MCUPS) while training a realistic speech application neural network. The model predicts that performance will scale to over 800 MCUPS for eight nodes.
Fraud and Data Availability Proofs: Maximising Light Client Security and Scaling Blockchains with Dishonest Majorities (2018)

Light clients, also known as Simple Payment Verification (SPV) clients, are nodes which only download a small portion of the data in a blockchain, and use indirect means to verify that a given chain is valid. Typically, instead of validating block data, they assume that the chain favoured by the blockchain's consensus algorithm only contains valid blocks, and that the majority of block producers are honest. By allowing such clients to receive fraud proofs generated by fully validating nodes that show that a block violates the protocol rules, and combining this with probabilistic sampling techniques to verify that all of the data in a block actually is available to be downloaded, we can eliminate the honest-majority assumption, and instead make much weaker assumptions about a minimum number of honest nodes that rebroadcast data. Fraud and data availability proofs are key to enabling on-chain scaling of blockchains (e.g. via sharding or bigger blocks) while maintaining a strong assurance that on-chain data is available and valid. We present, implement, and evaluate a novel fraud and data availability proof system.
Development and differentiation of Schwann cells. (1996)

Using the rat sciatic nerve as a model for the study of Schwann cell differentiation we have identified a Schwann cell precursor, a distinct cell type present in developing nerves at a time when they are projecting to their target tissues. These cells develop into Schwann cells over a relatively short time in vivo. In vitro, they can generate Schwann cells if they are cultured in neuron-conditioned medium or in the presence of neu-differentiation factors (NDF) (neuregulins, heregulins, glial growth factor), a recently discovered family of growth factors expressed at high levels in neurons. Thus neu-differentiation factors may be important neuro-glia signalling molecules in the Schwann cell lineage. Later stages in the development of Schann cells, such as differentiation towards a myelin phenotype, can be studied using cultured Schwann cells. These cells dedifferentiate both in vivo and in vitro when they are deprived of axonal contact. Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels in the absence of cell division causes high levels of expression of Po, the major myelin glycoprotein. TGF beta s and FGFs suppress this induction, while IGFs promote it.
Unlocking the Electrocatalytic Activity of Chemically Inert Amorphous Carbon–Nitrogen for Oxygen Reduction: Discerning and Refactoring the Chaotic Bonds (2017)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Wei Zhang and Cai Zhang from Jilin University (Changchun, China). The image shows that heat treatment can govern the bonding states and unlock the ORR activity for nitrogen‐doped amorphous carbon, which is an analogy to the beauty of the stained‐glass windows of Sagrada Família Basílica (Barcelona, Spain) revealed by the sunlight streaming through the windows. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.201700106 .
Finding people in repeated shots of the same scene (2006)

The goal of this work is to find all occurrences of a particular person in a sequence of photographs taken over a short period of time. For identification, we assume each individual’s hair and clothing stays the same throughout the sequence. Even with these assumptions, the task remains challenging as people can move around, change their pose and scale, and partially occlude each other. We propose a two stage method. First, individuals are identified by clustering frontal face detections using color clothing information. Second, a color based pictorial structure model is used to find occurrences of each person in images where their frontal face detection was missed. Two extensions improving the pictorial structure detections are also described. In the first extension, we obtain a better clothing segmentation to improve the accuracy of the clothing color model. In the second extension, we simultaneously consider multiple detection hypotheses of all people potentially present in the shot. Our results show that people can be re-detected in images where they do not face the camera. Results are presented on several sequences from a personal photo collection.