gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplitude comparison based pilot protection for renewable power teed line (2020)

Fault behaviors of inverter-interfaced renewable energy generators (IIREGs) are quite diverse from those of synchronous generators (SGs). They show the variable system impedance, the limited current and low inertia, so the proportional brake differential protection installed on the transmission line has a high risk of failure for phase-phase failures. To cope with this adaptive problem, a new pilot protection was proposed considering huge difference in both current amplitudes. Also, an improved criterion is given for the scenario with a teed line. The existing protection principles focus on the fault current characteristics of IIREGs excessively, so they cannot operate correctly once IIREGs do not output the fault current. This happened when IIREGs produce no power or the circuit breaker exactly reclose on permanent failure. However, the proposed method has good performance for the above cases. The proposed method only requires current amplitude information, and in this case the strict synchronizing measurement is not necessary. Case studies are performed under different fault conditions, and they confirm the proposed method has good performance under different fault conditions. Furthermore, it is also verified using field-testing data.
An Efficient Molecular Dynamics Scheme for Predicting Dopant Implant Profiles in Semiconductors (1999)

We present a highly efficient molecular dynamics scheme for calculating the concentration profile of dopants implanted in group-IV alloy, and III-V zinc blende structure materials. Our program incorporates methods for reducing computational overhead, plus a rare event algorithm to give statistical accuracy over several orders of magnitude change in the dopant concentration. The code uses a molecular dynamics (MD) model, instead of the binary collision approximation (BCA) used in implant simulators such as TRIM and Marlowe, to describe ion-target interactions. Atomic interactions are described by a combination of `many-body' and screened Coulomb potentials. Inelastic energy loss is accounted for using a Firsov model, and electronic stopping is described by a Brandt-Kitagawa model which contains the single adjustable parameter for the entire scheme. Thus, the program is easily extensible to new ion-target combinations with the minimum of tuning, and is predictive over a wide range of implant energies and angles. The scheme is especially suited for calculating profiles due to low energy, large angle implants, and for situations where a predictive capability is required with the minimum of experimental validation. We give examples of using our code to calculate concentration profiles and 2D `point response' profiles of dopants in crystalline silicon, silicon-germanium blends, and gallium-arsenide. We can predict the experimental profile over five orders of magnitude for <100> and <110> channeling and for non-channeling implants at energies up to hundreds of keV.
A blood-based prognostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease (2019)

Objective We have previously described a prognostic transcriptional signature in CD8 T-cells that separates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients into 2 phenotypically-distinct subgroups, termed IBD1 and IBD2. Here we sought to develop a blood-based test that could identify these subgroups without cell separation, and thus be suitable for clinical use in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Design Patients with active IBD were recruited before treatment. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on purified CD8 T-cells and/or whole blood. Phenotype data was collected prospectively. IBD1/IBD2 patient subgroups were identified by consensus clustering of CD8 T-cell transcriptomes. In a training cohort, machine learning was used to identify groups of genes (“classifiers”) whose differential expression in whole blood re-created the IBD1/IBD2 subgroups. Genes from the best classifiers were qPCR-optimised, and further machine learning was used to identify the optimal qPCR classifier, which was locked-down for further testing. Independent validation was sought in separate cohorts of CD (n=66) and UC patients (n=57). Results In both validation cohorts, a 17-gene qPCR-based classifier stratified patients into two distinct subgroups. Irrespective of the underlying diagnosis, IBDhi patients (analogous to the poor-prognosis IBD1 subgroup) experienced significantly more aggressive disease than IBDlo patients (analogous to IBD2), with earlier need for treatment escalation (hazard ratio=2.65 [CD], 3.12 [UC]) and more escalations over time (for multiple escalations within 18 months: sensitivity=72.7% [CD], 100% [UC]; NPV=90.9% [CD], 100% [UC]). Conclusion This is the first validated prognostic biomarker that can predict prognosis in newly-diagnosed IBD patients, and represents a step towards personalised therapy.
Micro-heat engines, gas turbines, and rocket engines - The MIT microengine project (1997)

This is a report on work in progress on microelectrical and mechanical systems (MEMS)-based gas turbine engines, turbogenerators, and rocket engines currently under development at MIT. Fabricated in large numbers in parallel using semiconductor manufacturing techniques, these engines are based on micro-high speed rotating machinery with the same power density as that achieved in their more familiar, full-sized brethren. The micro-gas turbine is a 1 cm diameter by 3 mm thick SiC heat engine designed to produce 10-20 W of electric power or 0.050.1 Nt of thrust while consuming under 10 grams/hr of H 2 . Later versions may produce up to 100 W using hydrocarbon fuels. A liquid fuel, bi-propellant rocket motor of similar size could develop over 3 lb of thrust. The rocket motor would be complete with turbopumps and control valves on the same chip. These devices may enable new concepts in propulsion, fluid control, and por table power generation.
Recognition of ephedrine enantiomers by molecularly imprinted polymers designed using a computational approach (2001)

A new approach to the computational design of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) specific for ephedrine is presented. A virtual library of functional monomers was developed and screened against the template using molecular modelling software. The monomers giving the highest binding score were co-polymerized with a cross-linker in the presence of ephedrine. Control (blank) polymers were prepared under the same conditions but in the absence of the template. A good correlation was found between the modelling results and performance of the materials in an HPLC study. A MIP based on one of the selected monomers—hydroxyethyl methacrylate—gave a separation of ephedrine enantiomers with a separation factor α of 1.42–2.09 (depending on temperature). This figure is larger than the α values generally obtained with commercially available chiral phases. It is anticipated that the computational approach will be of use for the rational design of MIPs and the prediction of polymer affinity and specificity.
Analysis of aqueous environments by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2015)

Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS) has been developed and used to characterize different groups of hydrous minerals. We have advanced the technique by including reversed polarity, precision ion gating, and a curved field reflectron mass analyzer. Reversed polarity provides capabilities in achieving complementary compositional information of the materials, and ion gating enhances the selectivity and sensitivity in specific mass ranges. Representative reference minerals including sulfates, clays, serpentine, and naturally collected complex samples have been analyzed by LD-TOF-MS as well as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, to provide supporting information. We demonstrate that mass spectrometry can identify water in mineral species, and reveal the presence of aqueous environments. Miniaturized LD-TOF-MS is a valuable instrument technique for the in situ characterization and analysis of samples as part of future landed planetary missions and astrobiology explorations.
E1A-induced enhancer activity of the poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) element (GT element) and interactions with a GT-specific nuclear factor. (1989)

The alternating sequence poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) is a highly repeated sequence in the eucaryotic genome. We have examined the effect of trans-acting early viral proteins on the ability of the GT element to stimulate transcription of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP). We find that the GT element alone does not activate expression from the MLP in either the presence or absence of another enhancer element. However, in the presence of the E1A gene products of either adenovirus type 5 or 2, the GT element activated expression from the MLP. The stimulatory activity of the GT element in the presence of E1A had the properties of an enhancer element, and the trans-activating effect on the GT element was additive in conjunction with the E1A-responsive BK virus enhancer. We also have demonstrated that a specific nuclear factor(s) binds to the GT element. However, the E1A protein(s) do not affect the initial factor interaction(s) with the GT element. Overall, our data demonstrate that trans modulation of promoter activity can be mediated through the GT element.
Structure–activity relationship studies of a series of peptidomimetic ligands for α<sub>4</sub> β<sub>1</sub> integrin on Jurkat T‐leukemia cells (2006)

alpha(4)beta(1) integrin is a therapeutic target for inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and lymphoid cancers. A series of peptidomimetic ligands based on the Nle-D-I motif have been synthesized and their binding affinities (IC(50)) to activated alpha(4)beta(1) integrin on Jurkat T-leukemia cells have been determined using a cell adhesion assay. One of the 51 ligands, 18, has been determined to have an IC(50) of 0.6 nM and has a more than twofold increase of binding affinity than the initial lead compound 1. Extensive SAR studies provide important information for further ligand optimization, which has served as a foundation for studies that ultimately led to identification of a potent ligand with an IC(50) of 2 pM.
IGFBP3 Methylation Is a Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer (2014)

By analyzing a large, population-based CRC cohort, we demonstrate the potential clinical significance of miR137 and IGFBP3 hypermethylation as promising diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. Our data also revealed that IGFBP3 hypermethylation may serve as an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker in stage II and III CRC patients.
Predictive Analysis by Leveraging Temporal User Behavior and User Embeddings (2018)

The rapid growth of mobile devices has resulted in the generation of a large number of user behavior logs that contain latent intentions and user interests. However, exploiting such data in real-world applications is still difficult for service providers due to the complexities of user behavior over a sheer number of possible actions that can vary according to time. In this work, a time-aware RNN model, TRNN, is proposed for predictive analysis from user behavior data. First, our approach predicts next user action more accurately than the baselines including the n-gram models as well as two recently introduced time-aware RNN approaches. Second, we use TRNN to learn user embeddings from sequences of user actions and show that overall the TRNN embeddings outperform conventional RNN embeddings. Similar to how word embeddings benefit a wide range of task in natural language processing, the learned user embeddings are general and could be used in a variety of tasks in the digital marketing area. This claim is supported empirically by evaluating their utility in user conversion prediction, and preferred application prediction. According to the evaluation results, TRNN embeddings perform better than the baselines including Bag of Words (BoW), TFIDF and Doc2Vec. We believe that TRNN embeddings provide an effective representation for solving practical tasks such as recommendation, user segmentation and predictive analysis of business metrics.
Dynamic railroad inspection using the laser-air hybrid ultrasonic technique (2006)

Laser-Air Hybrid Ultrasonic Technique (LAHUT) combines laser generation with air-coupled detection of ultrasound. The technique is non-contact and has the characteristic of operating from remote distances. Acoustic wave laser-generation apparatus can be metres away from the interrogated surface while air-coupled detection standoff can be on the order of several centimetres. The technique has the unique capability of interrogating structural materials in their true industrial environment. Dynamic tests are performed on parts with complex geometry, limited accessibility and curved surfaces. Also, dark and rough finish surfaces, which significantly reduce the efficiency of optical detection techniques, can be interrogated successfully. These characteristics make the LAHUT ideal for many industrial applications including the railroad industry. It was developed for railroad inspections targeting the most critical cracks in rails and wheels. State-of-the-art inspection techniques available to the railroad industry often miss Vertical Split Head (VSH) and Transverse Detail Defect (TDD), which lie in unfavourable positions and orientations in the rail head. No method exists to perform dynamic inspections of the rail base or any part of the railroad wheel. Laboratory experiments were performed for the detection of TDD and Proof Of Concept (POC)field tests were performed for VSH, rail base cracks, thermal fatigue cracks along the wheel flange and tread and subsurface Shattered Rim Cracks (SRC) along the wheel tread. The results were successful and highly repeatable. The technique lends itself for digital collection and automated processing of data making the LAHUT a very strong candidate,for next-generation railroad inspection technique.
Abstract 4194: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) affect invasion properties and cell morphology of various cancer cells in vitro (2018)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is an approved modality for the treatment of glioblastoma. TTFields are delivered via continuous, noninvasive application of low intensity, intermediate frequency alternating electric fields. The antimitotic effects of TTFields have been extensively investigated. We explored other processes that may be affected by TTFields such as cellular invasion. Human glioma, human and mouse melanoma, human breast cancer and human colon cancer cell lines were treated with TTFields using the inovitro system. Invasion assays were performed using a modified Matrigel coated Boyden chamber. TTFields effect on cells size, focal adhesions and stress fibers morphology was studied using immuno-fluorescent confocal microscopy. Invasion was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells in all tested cell lines. Furthermore, the optimal frequency for inhibition of invasion in tested cells was 300 kHz while the optimal anti mitotic frequency leading to glioma cell death is 200 kHz. The inhibitory effect on migration was observed at electric fields intensities of 0.6 V/cm RMS which is below the 1 V/cm RMS threshold previously reported for induction of cell death. Combining TTFields with Bumetanide, an agent that inhibits cellular motility, resulted in further inhibition of glioma cell invasion. TTFields application resulted in an increase in cell size, as well as in focal adhesion size, number and peripheral distribution of the adhesion sites. Also, treated cells adopted a more flattened and spread shape in comparison with control cells. TTFields treated cells exhibit reduction in appearance of stress fibers and a dense meshwork of actin filaments around the entire cell periphery. Our results suggest that cancer cell motility is impaired by exposure to TTFields. The TTFields parameters (intensity and frequency) which led to the maximal inhibition of cellular motility are different from those required for exerting anti-mitotic effects. The alterations in cells morphology during exposure to TTFields may contribute to reduction in cell motility. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism by which TTFields disrupts cellular motility in glioma cancer cells. Citation Format: Rosa S. Schneiderman, Moshe Giladi, Einav Zeevi, Anna Shteingauz, Tali Voloshin, Yaara Porat, Mijal Munster, Eilon D. Kirson, Yoram Palti. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) affect invasion properties and cell morphology of various cancer cells in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4194.
Towards fetal heart rate monitoring at home using the abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (2002)

Fetal heart rate monitoring is a valuable means of assessing fetal health during pregnancy. However, the technique is at present largely confined to use in recumbent subjects for relatively short periods of time. This paper describes the authors' work on the development of a fetal heart rate recorder for long term use in ambulant subjects, utilising the FECG obtained from the maternal abdomen. Although it cannot be guaranteed that this signal will be obtainable, it offers non-invasive long-term monitoring that cannot be performed by other means. Furthermore, the authors' preliminary results suggest that sufficient data will be produced to make the technique clinically useful.
Advanced laser fluorometry of natural aquatic environments (2008)

The Advanced Laser Fluorometer (ALF) provides spectral deconvolution (SDC) analysis of the laser‐stimulated emission (LSE) excited at 405 or 532 nm for assessment of chlorophyll a , phycoerythrin, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Three spectral types of phycoerythrin are discriminated for characterization of cyanobacteria and cryptophytes in mixed phototrophic populations. The SDC analysis is integrated with measurements of variable fluorescence, F v /F m , corrected for the SDC‐retrieved background fluorescence, B NC , for improved photophysiological assessments of phytoplankton. The ALF deployments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and Chesapeake, Delaware, and Monterey Bays revealed significant spectral complexity of LSE. Considerable variability in chlorophyll a fluorescence peak, 673‐685 nm, was detected. High correlation ( R 2 = 0.93) was observed in diverse water types between chlorophyll a concentration and fluorescence normalized to water Raman scattering. Three unidentified red bands, peaking at 625, 644, and 662 nm, were detected in the LSE excited at 405 nm. Significant variability in the B NC /chlorophyll a ratio was observed in diverse waters. Examples of the ALF spectral correction of F v /F m , underway shipboard measurements of horizontal variability, and vertical distributions compiled from the discrete samples analyses are presented. The field deployments have demonstrated the utility of the ALF technique as an integrated tool for research and observations.
Multi-level Selective Deduplication for VM Snapshots in Cloud Storage (2012)

In a virtualized cloud computing environment, frequent snapshot backup of virtual disks improves hosting reliability but storage demand of such operations is huge. While dirty bit-based technique can identify unmodified data between versions, full deduplication with fingerprint comparison can remove more redundant content at the cost of computing resources. This paper presents a multi-level selective deduplication scheme which integrates inner-VM and cross-VM duplicate elimination under a stringent resource requirement. This scheme uses popular common data to facilitate fingerprint comparison while reducing the cost and it strikes a balance between local and global deduplication to increase parallelism and improve reliability. Experimental results show the proposed scheme can achieve high deduplication ratio while using a small amount of cloud resources.
Real time implementation of rate-distortion optimized coding mode selection for H.263 video coders (2002)

This paper proposes a new method for real time implementation of rate-distortion optimized coding mode selection which can be efficiently applied to H.263-compatible video codecs and other codecs of similar type. We use our previously proposed normalized rate-distortion model to efficiently compute the rate and the distortion when encoding motion-compensated prediction error signals, instead of actually performing DCT, quantization and entropy-encoding. We also propose a fast algorithm to find sub-optimal values of coding parameters such as the quantization parameter and the Lagrangian multiplier, /spl lambda/, for the trellis search. Experiments show that the proposed scheme provides very good rate control as well as good picture quality, especially when applied to very low bit rate video coding.
Development of Golf Balls (2020)

Just as the rules of playing golf, golf balls also have rules as equipment. Many of the golf balls sold on the market are certified balls, but various measures are taken to support golfers while satisfying the rules. The purpose of this article is to introduce the field of golf ball development by providing three examples of technology used in our products.
An efficient all-digital IR-Drop Alarmer for DVFS-based SoC (2016)

For 40nm and below technologies, billions of transistors can be integrated into a single chip. Meanwhile, the operation frequency has reached over Giga Hertz. In this case, highly synchronized switching activities can induce significant current, which leads to IR-drop. Excessive IR-drop can cause timing failure, abnormal reset, or disruption of data processing. As a result, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) system implemented effective adaptation strategies are widely used by SoCs to mitigate IR-Drop noise and stabilize performance. As the basis of DVFS action, economic and accurate IR-drop monitors are in great need. This paper presents a novel and efficient IR-Drop Alarmer, which can cooperate with the DVFS system for fast IR-drop adaptation. The IR-drop alarming threshold of the proposed sensor is configurable between 45mV to 120mV. Considering a 1.1ns width IR-drop noise, the IR noise sampling window can be as small as 0.125ns, with alarming duration error rate less than 6.8% for 97% of the Monte Carlo samples considering process variations. Furthermore, the proposed alarmer is composed by all-digital standard gates without an y high frequency sampling clock, which is of low area overhead and power consumption.
Correlation plenoptic imaging between arbitrary planes (2020)

We propose a novel method to perform plenoptic imaging at the diffraction limit by measuring second-order correlations of light between two reference planes, arbitrarily chosen, within the tridimensional scene of interest. We show that for both chaotic light and entangled-photon illumination, the protocol enables to change the focused planes, in post-processing, and to achieve an unprecedented combination of image resolution and depth of field. In particular, the depth of field results larger by a factor 3 with respect to previous correlation plenoptic imaging protocols, and by an order of magnitude with respect to standard imaging, while the resolution is kept at the diffraction limit. The results lead the way towards the development of compact designs for correlation plenoptic imaging devices based on chaotic light, as well as high-SNR plenoptic imaging devices based on entangled photon illumination, thus contributing to make correlation plenoptic imaging effectively competitive with commercial plenoptic devices.