gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decapping and Decay of Messenger RNA Occur in Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies (2003)

A major pathway of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) turnover begins with deadenylation, followed by decapping and 5' to 3' exonucleolytic decay. We provide evidence that mRNA decapping and 5' to 3' degradation occur in discrete cytoplasmic foci in yeast, which we call processing bodies (P bodies). First, proteins that activate or catalyze decapping are concentrated in P bodies. Second, inhibiting mRNA turnover before decapping leads to loss of P bodies; however, inhibiting turnover at, or after, decapping, increases the abundance and size of P bodies. Finally, mRNA degradation intermediates are localized to P bodies. These results define the flux of mRNAs between polysomes and P bodies as a critical aspect of cytoplasmic mRNA metabolism and a possible site for regulation of mRNA degradation.
Highly linear and efficient phase modulators based on GaInAsP-InP three-step quantum wells (2005)

Highly linear and efficient phase modulators based on three-step quantum wells are reported. The spatial separation of electron and hole wave functions in the three-step quantum well leads to enhancement of the linear electro-optic component. In parallel, the quadratic electro-optic component is suppressed using a method based on tailored doping profile. Measured modulation efficiency is 48°∕mm V, and the ratio of linear to quadratic components of the phase modulation is 640 at λ=1560nm. The efficiency is similar to the best reported values for semiconductor modulators at this wavelength, while the linearity is more than one order of magnitude higher.
Beyond the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Limit: Singlet Nuclear Spin States in Low Magnetic Fields (2004)

Low-field nuclear spin singlet states may be used to store nuclear spin order in a room temperature liquid for a time much longer than the spin-lattice relaxation time constant T1. The low-field nuclear spin singlets are unaffected by intramolecular dipole-dipole relaxation, which is generally the predominant relaxation mechanism. We demonstrate storage of nuclear spin order for more than 10 times longer than the measured value of T1. This phenomenon may facilitate the development of nuclear spin hyperpolarization methods and may allow the study of motional processes which occur too slowly for existing NMR techniques. This is the first time that the memory of nuclear spins has been extended well beyond the T1 limit in a system lacking intrinsic magnetic equivalence.
Optical analysis of the AMAC IIIS transducer (1987)

The AMAC IIIS electrooptical transducer for flow cytometry facilitates simultaneous measurements of electrical impedance and several optical properties of single cells. Ray-trace analysis demonstrates that its spherical exterior permits light rays to emerge effectively undeviated and thus lowers the required numerical aperture of the collecting lens as compared with a flat surfaced transducer. This feature results in an increased light-gathering ability, an increased depth of focus, minimum spherical and chromatic aberrations, and minimizes the optical volume observed.
Effects of Vinyl Chain-Ends on the Melt Viscoelastic Properties of Radiation Crosslinked Polyethylene (1992)

This paper discusses the structural changes and summarizes the uniaxial melt extensional properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) after it has been subjected to high energy radiation. Two LDPE resins were selected with similar characteristics except that one (LDPE-1) had a much higher level of unsaturated vinyl change ends. The vinyl chain ends in LDPE-1 were found to be highly active during the radiation-induced crosslinking reactions, result ing in the formation of a network polymer with improved network homogeneity and melt extensional properties. This improvement is expected to benefit sev eral major PE applications such as foam, film and deep-draw thermoforming.
Improvements in Efficiency and Mixture Formation for an Innovative Diesel HCCI Concept (2009)

Homogeneous-charge, compression-ignition (HCCI) combustion is triggered by spontaneous ignition in dilute homogeneous mixtures. The combustion rate must be reduced by suitable solutions such as high rates of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and/or lean mixtures. HCCI is considered to be a very effective way to reduce engine pollutant emissions, however only a few production engines have been built. HCCI combustion currently cannot be extended to the whole engine operating range, especially to high loads, since the use of EGR displaces air from the cylinder, limiting engine mean effective pressure, thus the engine must be able to operate also in conventional mode. This paper concerns a study of an innovative concept to control HCCI combustion in diesel-fueled engines. The concept consists in forming a pre-compressed homogeneous charge outside the cylinder and in gradually admitting it into the cylinder during the combustion process. In this way, combustion can be controlled by the transfer flow rate, and high pressure rise rates, typical of standard HCCI combustion, can be avoided. This new combustion concept has been called Homogenous Charge Progressive Combustion (HCPC). This paper concerns CFD analysis focused on improving efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions considering a new HCPC engine configuration. Results show an indicated efficiency around 45% and a consistent reduction of soot emission compared to conventional diesel engine.
The Balancing Act in Ferroelectric Transistors: How Hard Can It Be? (2018)

For some years now, the ever continuing dimensional scaling has no longer been considered to be sufficient for the realization of advanced CMOS devices. Alternative approaches, such as employing new materials and introducing new device architectures, appear to be the way to go forward. A currently hot approach is to employ ferroelectric materials for obtaining a positive feedback in the gate control of a switch. This work elaborates on two device architectures based on this approach: the negative-capacitance and the piezoelectric field-effect transistor, i.e., the NC-FET (negative-capacitance field-effect transistor), respectively π -FET. It briefly describes their operation principle and compares those based on earlier reports. For optimal performance, the adopted ferroelectric material in the NC-FET should have a relatively wide polarization-field loop (i.e., "hard" ferroelectric material). Its optimal remnant polarization depends on the NC-FET architecture, although there is some consensus in having a low value for that (e.g., HZO (Hafnium-Zirconate)). π -FET is the piezoelectric coefficient, hence its polarization-field loop should be as high as possible (e.g., PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate)). In summary, literature reports indicate that the NC-FET shows better performance in terms of subthreshold swing and on-current. However, since its operation principle is based on a relatively large change in polarization the maximum speed, unlike in a π -FET, forms a big issue. Therefore, for future low-power CMOS, a hybrid solution is proposed comprising both device architectures on a chip where hard ferroelectric materials with a high piezocoefficient are used.
Caustic-based process remains attractive (1989)

This article discusses caustic-based scavenging processes, and other scavenging processes now commercially available. Caustic processes such as NL Treating Chemicals (Division of Exxon Chemical), Sulfa-Check, and Champion's Gas Treat 102, converts H/sub 2/S into elemental sulfur through a series of oxidation and reduction reactions. Mercaptans removal is also achieved with the Sulfa-Check process. Chemical reaction (Sulfa-Check): 3H/sub 2/S + NaNO/sub 2/ ..-->.. NH/sub 3/ + 3S + NaOH + H/sub 2/O + some NO/sub x/. The process is batch and nonregenerative with sour gas bubbling through a tower containing the Sulfa-Check solution. As the solution becomes spent, it gradually turns into a slurry containing elemental sulfur.
On transmit diversity with imperfect channel state information (2002)

The optimal transmission strategy of a multiple-input single-output wireless communication link is studied in which the receiver has full channel state information and the transmitter has only long-term channel state information in terms of the channel covariance matrix. A necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal eigenvalues of the transmit covariance matrix is presented. A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving capacity when transmitting in m directions is developed. Main questions regarding the system design are answered using these conditions. It is shown how the optimal number of transmit antennas can be computed to achieve full spatial diversity given the channel covariance matrix. The maximum number of required parallel data streams is computed and a transmit diversity function is defined in order to obtain a measure for the available spatial diversity.
Implementing secure file deletion in NANDbased block devices with internal buffers (2012)

The goal of this work is to support secure file deletion in NAND-based block devices with an internal buffer. Existing secure file deletion tools for hard disks overwrite the file contents many times, causing them to become distorted and irrecoverable. However, NAND-based block devices perform an out-of-place update on the overwrite request, meaning that the original data are preserved without modification and restorable. Furthermore, if there is an internal buffer, then this absorbs the overwrite request. Thus, the existing secure file deletion tools do not work properly in NAND-based block devices. In order to support secure file deletion, this work presents a modification of the internal buffer manager and the underlying flash translation layer. The buffer manager records the overwrite count of each logical page, and sends a request to permanently erase the secure data when the overwrite count exceeds a threshold. Upon receiving this request, the flash translation layer erases all of the old data on the target logical page. The performance overhead resulting from this secure file deletion is evaluated by a trace-driven simulation of representative flash translation layer schemes. The results show that the page mapping method delivers the best performance of the representative flash translation layer schemes, in spite of suffering significant performance degradation.
Active Authentication on Mobile Devices via Stylometry, Application Usage, Web Browsing, and GPS Location (2016)

Active authentication is the problem of continuously verifying the identity of a person based on behavioral aspects of their interaction with a computing device. In this paper, we collect and analyze behavioral biometrics data from 200 subjects, each using their personal Android mobile device for a period of at least 30 days. This data set is novel in the context of active authentication due to its size, duration, number of modalities, and absence of restrictions on tracked activity. The geographical colocation of the subjects in the study is representative of a large closed-world environment such as an organization where the unauthorized user of a device is likely to be an insider threat: coming from within the organization. We consider four biometric modalities: 1) text entered via soft keyboard, 2) applications used, 3) websites visited, and 4) physical location of the device as determined from GPS (when outdoors) or WiFi (when indoors). We implement and test a classifier for each modality and organize the classifiers as a parallel binary decision fusion architecture. We are able to characterize the performance of the system with respect to intruder detection time and to quantify the contribution of each modality to the overall performance.
Phase Structure of Driven Quantum Systems (2016)

Clean and interacting periodically driven systems are believed to exhibit a single, trivial "infinite-temperature" Floquet-ergodic phase. In contrast, here we show that their disordered Floquet many-body localized counterparts can exhibit distinct ordered phases delineated by sharp transitions. Some of these are analogs of equilibrium states with broken symmetries and topological order, while others-genuinely new to the Floquet problem-are characterized by order and nontrivial periodic dynamics. We illustrate these ideas in driven spin chains with Ising symmetry.
Secretase-Mediated Cell Surface Shedding of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (2004)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an example of a membrane-bound protein, which is shed from the cell surface in a soluble form by a post-translational proteolytic cleavage event involving a secretase. The secretase cleavage site in somatic ACE has been mapped to Arg-1203/Ser-1204, 24 residues proximal to the membrane-anchoring domain and the ADAM ('a disintegrin and metalloprotease') family of proteins may be involved in ACE shedding.
Organische Moleküle als Leiter und Schalter (1989)

Abstract Der Begriff molekulare Elektronik ist zum Stimulans für vielfältige Forschungsarbeiten geworden, obwohl es sie im eigentlichen Sinn noch kaum gibt. Ob das Ziel je erreicht wird, hängt vor allem von einer engen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Organikern und Festkörperphysikern ab.
Variable damping characteristics in carrying an object by two humans (2002)

Robots are expected to be human-friendly and to execute tasks cooperating with humans. Control system for the robots should be constructed so as to work adapting with human characteristics. In this paper, human characteristics in a cooperation task by two humans are analyzed and it is shown that the human performance can be expressed by a variable damping control.
Screening for Pseudomonas and Bacillus antagonistic rhizobacteria strains for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of chickpea (2016)

The aim of this work is to study the ability of several isolates belonging to Rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) collected from several chickpea growing areas in Algeria, to control the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Interesting isolates were characterized for their morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical activities as potential bio-control agent. Fungal inhibition tests were performed using plate assay and each isolate were tested for the production of protease, cyanide hydrogen, indole acetic acid, antifungal volatile and extracellular compound. According to API 50 CH, we are able to identify six Bacillus species (B. subtilis, B. circulans, B. lentus, B. aneurinilyticus, B. firmus, B. licheniformis; and with API 20NE test we have identified three Pseudomonas species (P. aeruginosa, P. luteola, P. fluorescens). The ability of bacterial isolates was varied in production of Protease, Gelatinase, Amylase, Cellulase, Acid Indole acetic, Lipase, Catalase and Cyanid Hydrogen. This is traduced in different rate of inhibition growth due to various extracellular compounds, where B61 (Bacillus aneurinilyticus) and P39 (Pseudomonas luteola) and P70 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) were the most efficient with 77 and 55.5% respectively, while B39 (Bacillus firmus) and P41 (Pseudomonas luteola) were the most efficient by volatile compounds with 70.5 and 77.5% respectively. Our results indicate that these bacteria isolates can be used in the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris.
Psychological Attributes of Mergers — Part 1 (1982)

The reasons why mergers have a hazy, hostile or indifferent image in the minds of many otherwise rational people will not allow superficial, simple or easy explanations. As a business activity, in one form or other, mergers have been with us for a very long time, though the wider recognition of limited liability 120 years ago in the earliest general companies Act gave it impetus and acceleration. Thus, experience of mergers between companies and their impact on the participants in them have now been forming for over a century.
The allscale runtime interface: theoretical foundation and concept (2016)

Extreme scale HPC systems are expected to reach exascale performance around the year 2020. While it is widely known that theses systems pose new challenges regarding energy efficiency of architectures, concurrency and resiliency, they also challenge developers of applications trying to efficiently utilizing resources: Managing parallel control flows, hardware resources and dependencies is a complex and labor-intensive endeavor. We present here the concept of a runtime interface for the AllScale environment, a novel and sophisticated approach to the decoupling of specification of parallelism from underlying management activities during runtime. AllScale itself utilizes a parallel programming model based on nested recursive parallelism as foundation to add compiler and runtime based techniques to harness performance gains of modern architectures. Automated Porting to extreme scale architectures, flexible tuning and hardware management are only among the things that will be additionally added. One core component of the system will consequently be the runtime with its interface to the other components. In this paper we will present our concept of a runtime interface, based on a theoretical foundation influenced by the tuple-space paradigm. The tuple-space will be augmented by asynchronous computation together with fine grained synchronization based on futures resembling the recursive control flow adding both decomposability as well as set-like behavior to the notion of a tuple.
TRANSAKSI DALAM HUKUM ISLAM (2014)

Abstraksi Aktifitas manusia bernilai ekonomi dalam Islam dikenal dengan istilah Tasharruf, salah satu bentuknya adalah bertransaksi atau berakad yang merupakan landasan hukum bagi para pihak yang akan mengikatkan diri pada suatu kesepakatan usaha dengan diktum-diktum kesepakatan tertentu yang dibenarkan Syara’. Sebagai suatu perjanjian bernilai ekonomi yang memiliki kekuatan hukum, suatu transaksi memiliki syarat dan rukunnya.Adapun syarat sahnya adalah: Para pihak mukallaf, obyek akad diakui oleh Syara’, tidak dilarang Syara’, memenuhi syarat umum dan khusus, bermanfaat, adanya ijab dan qabul dan tujuannya jelas. Adapun rukunnya adalah: Pernyataan mengikatkan diri, pihak-pihak yang berakad dan obyek akad. Adapun macamnya secara global terbagi dua, yaitu sah dan tidak sah yang varian masing-masing beragam dan selalu berkembang dari waktu ke waktu. Adapun berakhirnya suatu akan terbagi menjadi dua: Dapat berakhir di tengah perjalanan dengan konsekuensi kerugian ditanggung oleh pihak yang mengundurkan diri dan berakhirnya akad setelah tujuan dan atau batas waktu yang ditentukan dengan ketentuan untung-rugi ditanggung bersama. Kataa kunci: Kerjasama, legal dan fleksibel.
Defluorination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Hydrated Electrons: Structural Dependence and Implications to PFAS Remediation and Management (2019)

This study investigates critical structure-reactivity relationships within 34 representative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) undergoing defluorination with UV-generated hydrated electrons. While C <sub>n</sub>F<sub>2 n+1</sub>-COO<sup>-</sup> with variable fluoroalkyl chain lengths ( n = 2 to 10) exhibited a similar rate and extent of parent compound decay and defluorination, the reactions of telomeric C <sub>n</sub>F<sub>2 n+1</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-COO<sup>-</sup> and C <sub>n</sub>F<sub>2 n+1</sub>-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> showed an apparent dependence on the length of the fluoroalkyl chain. Cross comparison of experimental results, including different rates of decay and defluorination of specific PFAS categories, the incomplete defluorination from most PFAS structures, and the surprising 100% defluorination from CF<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup>, leads to the elucidation of new mechanistic insights into PFAS degradation. Theoretical calculations on the C-F bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of all PFAS structures reveal strong relationships among (i) the rate and extent of decay and defluorination, (ii) head functional groups, (iii) fluoroalkyl chain length, and (iv) the position and number of C-F bonds with low BDEs. These relationships are further supported by the spontaneous cleavage of specific bonds during calculated geometry optimization of PFAS structures bearing one extra electron, and by the product analyses with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction pathways, including H/F exchange, dissociation of terminal functional groups, and decarboxylation-triggered HF elimination and hydrolysis, result in the formation of variable defluorination products. The selectivity and ease of C-F bond cleavage highly depends on molecular structures. These findings provide critical information for developing PFAS treatment processes and technologies to destruct a wide scope of PFAS pollutants and for designing fluorochemical formulations to avoid releasing recalcitrant PFASs into the environment.
LI‐cadherin gene expression during mouse intestinal development (2001)

Abstract LI‐cadherin (Liver‐Intestine cadherin) is a member of a subclass (7‐D cadherins) within the cadherin superfamily. Although its cellular function as a cell–cell adhesion molecule has been demonstrated in cell culture studies, its physiological function still needs to be explored in the intact organism. After isolating the cDNA for mouse LI‐cadherin, we generated specific antibodies against the overexpressed protein and studied its expression pattern in adult mouse tissues and mouse embryos. The mouse LI‐cadherin sequence is 91% identical to the sequence of rat LI‐cadherin and exhibits the same structural features described for rat LI‐cadherin. In mouse adult tissue, LI‐cadherin is expressed in the intestine and in small amounts in the spleen. In contrast to rat, Mouse LI‐cadherin was not expressed in liver. During mouse embryogenesis, LI‐cadherin expression begins at embryonic day 12.5. With the exception of transient expression in the urogenital sinus and the common bile duct on day 13.5, LI‐cadherin was found exclusively in the intestinal epithelium. Its expression coincides with the formation of intestinal villi, a developmental stage that includes major tissue remodeling, growth, and differentiation. LI‐cadherin is expressed along the entire anterior–posterior axis of the developing intestine as well as along the entire villus axis once villi begin to form. LI‐cadherin occupies all cell surfaces of the deeper layers of the epithelium, distributing to basolateral surfaces only in the cells of the outer epithelial layer. LI‐cadherin was found to be always co‐expressed with E‐cadherin. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel, selective <sup>111</sup>In-labelled aminoproline-RGD-peptide for non-invasive melanoma tumor imaging (2015)

An <sup>111</sup>In-labelled Amp-based RGD-DOTA conjugate was synthesized and evaluated in preclinical models of human melanoma as a novel integrin-targeted SPECT imaging tracer.