gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Answering search queries with CrowdSearcher (2012)

Web users are increasingly relying on social interaction to complete and validate the results of their search activities. While search systems are superior machines to get world-wide information, the opinions collected within friends and expert/local communities can ultimately determine our decisions: human curiosity and creativity is often capable of going much beyond the capabilities of search systems in scouting "interesting" results, or suggesting new, unexpected search directions. Such personalized interaction occurs in most times aside of the search systems and processes, possibly instrumented and mediated by a social network; when such interaction is completed and users resort to the use of search systems, they do it through new queries, loosely related to the previous search or to the social interaction. In this paper we propose CrowdSearcher, a novel search paradigm that embodies crowds as first-class sources for the information seeking process. CrowdSearcher aims at filling the gap between generalized search systems, which operate upon world-wide information - including facts and recommendations as crawled and indexed by computerized systems - with social systems, capable of interacting with real people, in real time, to capture their opinions, suggestions, emotions. The technical contribution of this paper is the discussion of a model and architecture for integrating computerized search with human interaction, by showing how search systems can drive and encapsulate social systems. In particular we show how social platforms, such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter, can be used for crowdsourcing search-related tasks; we demonstrate our approach with several prototypes and we report on our experiment upon real user communities.
Beyond Efficiency: the Challenge of Stability in Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Over the past five years, the rapid emergence of a new class of solar cell based on mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors has captured the attention of scientists and researchers in the field of energy conversion. Benefiting from the optimization of perovskite film deposition approaches, the design of new material systems, and the diversity of device concepts, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased from 2.19% in 2006 to a certified 20.1% in 2014, making this the fastest‐advancing solar cell technology to date. However, as a photovoltaic technology, which needs to meet the requirements of working under long‐term sunlight, PSCs suffer stability concerns for both materials and devices. Evolved from dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), PSCs usually contain a mesoporous electron transporting layer or scaffold layer, a perovskite active layer, a hole transporting layer and a back contact to construct a mesoscopic‐structured device. Using interface engineering, mesoscopic PSCs (MPSCs) have obtained exciting stability with a hole‐conductor‐free printable triple‐layer architecture or conventional heterojunction version. Herein, the achievements of mesoscopic solar cells from solid‐state DSSCs to MPSCs are outlined and summary of recent progress in the stability of MPSCs is presented. Possible degradation mechanism and solutions are presented and, finally, challenges for the commercialization of this photovoltaic technology are discussed.
One-Class Collaborative Filtering (2008)

Many applications of collaborative filtering (CF), such as news item recommendation and bookmark recommendation, are most naturally thought of as one-class collaborative filtering (OCCF) problems. In these problems, the training data usually consist simply of binary data reflecting a user's action or inaction, such as page visitation in the case of news item recommendation or webpage bookmarking in the bookmarking scenario. Usually this kind of data are extremely sparse (a small fraction are positive examples), therefore ambiguity arises in the interpretation of the non-positive examples. Negative examples and unlabeled positive examples are mixed together and we are typically unable to distinguish them. For example, we cannot really attribute a user not bookmarking a page to a lack of interest or lack of awareness of the page. Previous research addressing this one-class problem only considered it as a classification task. In this paper, we consider the one-class problem under the CF setting. We propose two frameworks to tackle OCCF. One is based on weighted low rank approximation; the other is based on negative example sampling. The experimental results show that our approaches significantly outperform the baselines.
Engineered Bacillus subtilis for the de novo production of 2′-fucosyllactose (2022)

The efficient de novo synthesis of 2'-FL can be achieved by the engineered B. subtilis, paving the way for the large-scale bioproduction of 2'-FL titer in the future.
Additional file 1: of Discovery and replication of a peripheral tissue DNA methylation biosignature to augment a suicide prediction model (2016)

Title: GenRED Offspring Blood Cortisol Associated Probes. Description: Table containing all probes nominally associated with AUC weekday cortisol in the GenRED Offspring blood cohort (Nâ =â 18) with the corresponding regression coefficient (Î˛) and p-value. (XLSX 860 kb)
Improvement of Lubrication Performance in External Gear Machines through Micro-surface Wedged Gears (2016)

This article demonstrates how a properly designed micro-surface linear wedge added to the lateral surfaces of the gear teeth can improve the lubricating ability of external gear machines (EGMs), resulting in lower power losses and chance of wear during their operation. The approach of study is based on the use of a fluid structure interaction (FSI) model for the analysis of the lateral lubricating gaps developed in the authors' research team. Such a model is used to determine the best design of the wedged gear by considering the overall axial balance problem of pressure compensated EGMs for high-pressure applications. The article shows the numerical predictions along with the experimental verifications of the advantages offered by the proposed solution in terms of torque loss reduction for a particular reference pump.
Online Voltage Stability Assessment for Load Areas Based on the Holomorphic Embedding Method (2018)

This paper proposes an online steady-state voltage stability assessment scheme to evaluate the proximity to voltage collapse at each bus of a load area. Using a non-iterative holomorphic embedding method (HEM) with a proposed physical germ solution, an accurate loading limit at each load bus can be calculated based on online state estimation on the entire load area and a measurement-based equivalent for the external system. The HEM employs a power series to calculate an accurate Power-Voltage (P-V) curve at each load bus and accordingly evaluates the voltage stability margin considering load variations in the next period. An adaptive two-stage Pade approximants (PA) method is proposed to improve the convergence of the power series for accurate determination of the nose point on the P-V curve with moderate computational burden. The proposed method is illustrated in detail on a 4-bus test system and then demonstrated on a load area of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 48-generator, 140-bus power system.
Gabor feature based classification using the enhanced fisher linear discriminant model for face recognition (2002)

This paper introduces a novel Gabor-Fisher (1936) classifier (GFC) for face recognition. The GFC method, which is robust to changes in illumination and facial expression, applies the enhanced Fisher linear discriminant model (EFM) to an augmented Gabor feature vector derived from the Gabor wavelet representation of face images. The novelty of this paper comes from 1) the derivation of an augmented Gabor feature vector, whose dimensionality is further reduced using the EFM by considering both data compression and recognition (generalization) performance; 2) the development of a Gabor-Fisher classifier for multi-class problems; and 3) extensive performance evaluation studies. In particular, we performed comparative studies of different similarity measures applied to various classifiers. We also performed comparative experimental studies of various face recognition schemes, including our novel GFC method, the Gabor wavelet method, the eigenfaces method, the Fisherfaces method, the EFM method, the combination of Gabor and the eigenfaces method, and the combination of Gabor and the Fisherfaces method. The feasibility of the new GFC method has been successfully tested on face recognition using 600 FERET frontal face images corresponding to 200 subjects, which were acquired under variable illumination and facial expressions. The novel GFC method achieves 100% accuracy on face recognition using only 62 features.
Towards early dental caries detection with OCT and polarized Raman spectroscopy (2010)

In recent years, we have been developing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) for the detection of early non-cavitated dental caries. OCT provides high resolution morphological depth imaging of incipient caries. With OCT, early lesions can be readily identified as regions of high light backscattering with depth into the enamel as compared to health sound enamel. From the OCT images, the lesion depth can be approximated to provide clinically useful information to guide treatment decisions. In addition, we have derived a parameter known as the optical attenuation coefficient in order to distinguish sound from carious enamel non-subjectively. OCT is being combined with PRS since regions of high light backscattering not related to caries development can lead to false-positive results. PRS provides biochemical specificity along with molecular structural/orientational information. With PRS, the Raman depolarization ratio calculated from the main phosphate vibration at ~959 cm-1 from parallel- and cross-polarized Raman spectra allows discrimination between sound and early developing caries. Early studies on lab bench instrumentation are now being translated into fibre-optic based devices for intra-oral use in patient volunteers for clinical validation. In combination, OCT and PRS have potential for detecting and monitoring early lesions with high sensitivity and high specificity.
Overcoming Noisy and Irrelevant Data in Federated Learning (2021)

Many image and vision applications require a large amount of data for model training. Collecting all such data at a central location can be challenging due to data privacy and communication bandwidth restrictions. Federated learning is an effective way of training a machine learning model in a distributed manner from local data collected by client devices, which does not require exchanging the raw data among clients. A challenge is that among the large variety of data collected at each client, it is likely that only a subset is relevant for a learning task while the rest of data has a negative impact on model training. Therefore, before starting the learning process, it is important to select the subset of data that is relevant to the given federated learning task. In this paper, we propose a method for distributedly selecting relevant data, where we use a benchmark model trained on a small benchmark dataset that is task-specific, to evaluate the relevance of individual data samples at each client and select the data with sufficiently high relevance. Then, each client only uses the selected subset of its data in the federated learning process. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is evaluated on multiple real-world image datasets in a simulated system with a large number of clients, showing up to 25% improvement in model accuracy compared to training with all data.
Retransmission-based error control for interactive video applications over the Internet (2002)

Retransmission has been known ineffective for interactive video transmission over the Internet. The paper challenges this view by presenting several retransmission-based error control schemes that can be used for interactive video applications. In particular, the schemes do not require any artificial extension of control time and play-out delays, and thus are suitable for interactive applications. They take advantage of the motion prediction loop employed in most motion compensation-based codecs. By correcting errors in a reference frame caused by earlier packet loss, the schemes prevent error propagation. Since a reference frame is arranged to be referenced for the construction of the current image much later than the display time of the reference frame, the delay in repairing lost packets can be effectively masked out. Internet video transmission experiments reveal the superior error resilience of the schemes.
Feedback particle filter for a continuous-time Markov chain (2013)

This paper concerns approximation of Wonham's filter for estimating a continuous-time Markov chain, with continuous measurements corrupted by noise. The approximation is a new manifestation of the feedback particle filter (FPF) [15], [14], [13], a control-oriented approach for nonlinear filtering. A complete characterization of the feedback mechanism that defines the FPF is obtained, which leads to tractable algorithms for the nonlinear filtering problem, even for large state spaces. Numerical examples illustrate the application of these techniques.
Development of a Pediatric Vision Screening Device for Remote Assessment of Binocular Fixation and Focus using Birefringence Properties of the Eye (2016)

This talk reviews the development of a new pediatric vision screener, which employs polarization-modulated, retinal-birefringence-scanning-based eye alignment detection and bull’s eye focus detection with an improved target system.
Active remote detection of radioactivity based on electromagnetic signatures (2014)

This paper presents a new concept for the remote detection of radioactive materials. The concept is based on the detection of electromagnetic signatures in the vicinity of radioactive material and can enable stand-off detection at distances greater than 100 m. Radioactive materials emit gamma rays, which ionize the surrounding air. The ionized electrons rapidly attach to oxygen molecules forming O2− ions. The density of O2− around radioactive material can be several orders of magnitude greater than background levels. The elevated population of O2− extends several meters around the radioactive material. Electrons are easily photo-detached from O2− ions by laser radiation. The photo-detached electrons, in the presence of laser radiation, initiate avalanche ionization which results in a rapid increase in electron density. The rise in electron density induces a frequency modulation on a probe beam, which becomes a direct spectral signature for the presence of radioactive material.
Generation of a recombinant GFP-tagged infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (2019)

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a highly contagious gammacoronavirus which infects poultry. Using reverse genetics, enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) has been inserted into a pathogenic strain of IBV, M41, in place of a newly identified open reading frame (ORF), ORF7. ORF7 has been identified in several IBV strains including M41 and apathogenic strain Beau-R. ORF7 is located immediately downstream of the N gene, preceding the 3’ UTR. This region has been chosen because we are interested in investigating whether a protein can be transcribed from the associated transcription regulatory sequence (TRS-B). M41 has a deletion at the 3’ end of the genome and does not encode all of ORF7, suggesting it is not essential for the viral replication and is not required for a pathogenic phenotype. The TRS-B, TAACA for ORF7 in Beau-R, is non-canonical and is located after the stop codon for the N gene. In M41 only part of the TRS-B is present, TAA, so nucleotides CA were added alongside the eGFP sequence. A number of viruses were successfully rescued. Growth kinetics in primary Chicken Kidney cells (CK) were comparable to the parent virus M41-K. The stability of the eGFP sequence has been assessed in CK cells and in embryonated eggs. The newly constructed TRS-B however was not utilised suggesting that it is not solely the TRS-B that controls the transcription of ORF 7.
Prediction of chaotic time series with wavelet coefficients (2001)

Using the wavelet transform, we can express a time series as a summation of frequency components each of which is localized in the frequency domain. In the present paper, we show that each frequency component given as the wavelet coefficients of a deterministic time series preserves the topological structure of the original dynamical system. We subsequently propose new methods to predict a time series by applying the inverse wavelet transform to predictees of frequency components. Our methods can realize good long-term predictions of deterministic time series contaminated with either high-frequency deterministic noise or white noise. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(6): 50–59, 2001
TCP-aware resource allocation in CDMA networks (2006)

TCP is the dominant transport protocol over both wired and wireless links. It is however, well known that TCP is not suitable for wireless networks and several solutions have been proposed to rectify this shortcoming. In this work, we explore cross-layer optimization of the rate adaptation feature of cellular networks to optimize throughput of a single long-lived TCP session. Modern cellular networks rate RF technology that allows them to dynamically vary the wireless channel rate in response to user demand and channel conditions. However, the set of data rates as well as the scheduler's rate adaptation policy are typically chosen to optimize throughput for inelastic applications. In order to optimize such a system for TCP, we propose a two state TCP-aware scheduler that switches between two chanrates as a function of the TCP sending rate. We develop a fluid model of the steady-state behavior of a TCP session in such a system and derive analytical expressions for TCP throughput that explicitly account for rate variability as well as the dependency between the scheduler and TCP. Using the model we choose RF layer parameters that, in conjunction with the TCP-aware scheduler, improve term throughput of a single TCP flow by 15.25%. We also compare our analytical results against those obtained from ns-2 simulations and confirm that our model indeed closely approximates TCP behavior in such an environment.
Beam propagation modeling of modified volume Fresnel zone plates fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (2008)

Light diffraction by volume Fresnel zone plates (VFZPs) is simulated by the Hankel transform beam propagation method (Hankel BPM). The method utilizes circularly symmetric geometry and small step propagation to calculate the diffracted wave fields by VFZP layers. It is shown that fast and accurate diffraction results can be obtained with the Hankel BPM. The results show an excellent agreement with the scalar diffraction theory and the experimental results. The numerical method allows more comprehensive studies of the VFZP parameters to achieve higher diffraction efficiency.
A Putative Blood-Based Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Ileocolitis (2016)

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A significant proportion of children with ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms have histologic evidence of ileocolitis (inflammation of the terminal ileum and/or colon). We previously reported the molecular characterization of gastrointestinal biopsy tissue from ASD children with ileocolitis (ASD<sup>IC+</sup>) compared to anatomically similar inflamed tissue from typically developing children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; i.e. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and typically developing children with gastrointestinal symptoms but no evidence of gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation (TD<sup>IC-</sup>). ASD<sup>IC+</sup> children had a gene expression profile that, while primarily overlapping with known IBD, had distinctive differences. The present study confirms these findings and replicates this molecular characterization in a second cohort of cases (ASD<sup>IC+</sup>) and controls (TD<sup>IC-</sup>). In these two separate case/control mucosal-based cohorts, we have demonstrated overlap of 59 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) unique to inflamed ileocolonic tissue from symptomatic ASD<sup>IC+</sup> children. We now report that 9 of these 59 transcripts are also differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of the second cohort of ASD<sup>IC+</sup> children. This set of transcripts represents a putative blood-based biomarker for ASD-associated ileocolonic inflammation.
Novel and versatile process for the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol composite carbon nanotube fibers/yarns (2011)

We report our discovery of a new process to produce composite carbon nanotubes (CNT) fibers from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTS) or the combinations thereof utilizing already an adhesive (polymer) coated layer on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film strip by simply applying CNT coating on the layer followed by an acid dipping. We also found that applying either an additional base treatment or an additional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer coating to the CNT-coated strip after the strip was dipped in acid enables us to achieve even higher mechanical properties compared to the former process.
Quantitative Measurement of Tear Film Dynamics with Optical Coherence Tomography and Statistical Decision Theory (2012)

Currently, there are about 40 to 60 million Americans suffering from Dry Eye Syndrome (DES); this serious public health problem will worsen with the explosive aging population created by baby boomers, where DES has a high incidence. However, the therapeutics for DES are elusive because our understanding of DES is so elementary, especially the correlation between symptoms and the diagnosis. Unfortunately, a quantitative diagnosis, which is the prerequisite to advance the management of DES, is yet to be realized. We are seeking the next breakthrough in DES management by providing a quantitative diagnosis, with the combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and statistical decision theory. The statistical decision theory is formulated for the specific task of the tear film imaging, thus it will allow the assessment and optimization of the OCT system for such an application. Furthermore, the combination of the statistical decision theory and OCT will show its advantage by taking into account the system noise, compared to the direct measurements from the imaging itself. We present the mathematical models of the OCT system and the decision-making mechanisms. We first apply the receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis for a detection task and explore the limit of the OCT imaging system. Then we implement a maximum-likelihood estimator for the quantification of the tear film thickness; the estimator can estimate thinner thickness than the axial resolution of the OCT system, which is beyond the limitation of direct measurements from OCT images. Meeting abstract presented at OSA Fall Vision 2012