gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Performance with Participative Work Planning - a Longitudinal Assessment with Track Maintenance Gangs (1987)

A longitudinal field study in employee participation was conducted in the Westrail track maintenance gangs. Experimental groups, which employed the new participative work procedures, were compared with a control unit that continued to use the traditional system of supervisor assigned goals. All subjects completed questionnaires on eight separate occasions of six weekly intervals. It was observed that usage of the new work practices was significantly associated with perceived involvement in decision making, performance and job satisfaction. Following this study, data processing procedures were installed for the purpose of collating output from the gang work plans. Results of the study and the practical aspects of the computer system are discussed.
Development of a DXA-derived Body Volume Equation in Hispanic Adults for Administering in a 4-compartment Model (2020)

The necessity of using underwater weighing (UWW) or air displacement plethysmography (ADP) for body volume (BV) restricts the use of a four-compartment (4C) model to research settings. As a result, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been proposed as an alternative, which would be useful for clinical settings. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether DXA-derived BV is valid in a 4C model for Hispanics. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was two-fold: 1) to develop a new DXA-derived BV equation with the GE-Lunar Prodigy while utilizing UWW as a criterion and 2) cross-validate 4C models when utilizing the new DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXANICKERSON), Wilson DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXAWILSON), and air displacement plethysmography (ADP)-derived BV (4C-ADP) in Hispanic adults. METHODS: 191 Hispanic adults (18-45yrs) participated in the current study. The development sample consisted of 60 females and 60 males whereas the cross-validation sample comprised of 41 females and 30 males. Criterion body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined using a 4C model with UWW as a criterion for BV (4C-UWW). The new DXA-derived BV equation (Nickerson) was developed by linearly regressing UWW-derived BV with DXA fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC). 4C-DXANICKERSON, 4C-DXAWILSON, and 4C-ADP were compared against 4C-UWW in the cross-validation sample. RESULTS: The new DXA-derived BV equation (L) was generated in the development sample as follows: (FM/0.91) + (LM/1.06) + (BMC/16.95) + 0.268. 4C-DXANICKERSON, 4C-DXAWILSON, and 4C-ADP all produced similar mean values (BF%=21.04±5.99, 22.23±6.93, and 20.62±6.26%, respectively) when compared to 4C-UWW (21.29±6.14%) in Hispanic males (all p>0.05). 4C-DXANICKERSON also yielded similar BF% and FFM values as 4C-UWW when evaluating the constant error (CE) in Hispanic females (CE=-0.79% and 0.38kg; p=0.060 and 0.174, respectively). However, 4C-DXAWILSON produced significantly different BF% and FFM values (CE=3.22% and -2.20kg, respectively; both pWILSON yielded significant proportional bias when estimating BF% (coefficient=0.226; pCONCLUSION: Current study findings demonstrate that 4C-DXANICKERSON is a valid measure of BV in Hispanics and is recommended for use in clinics where DXA is the main body composition assessment technique.
Structure- and Species-Dependent Insecticidal Effects of <i>neo</i>-Clerodane Diterpenes (2000)

Several natural neo-clerodane diterpenoids isolated from Linaria saxatilis and some semisynthetic derivatives were tested against several insect species with different feeding adaptations. The antifeedant tests showed that the oliphagous Leptinotarsa decemlineata was the most sensitive insect, followed by the aphid Myzus persicae. The polyphagous Spodoptera littoralis was not deterred by these diterpenoids; however, following oral administration, some of these compounds did have postingestive antifeedant effects on this insect. In general terms, the antifeedant effects of these compounds were species-dependent and more selective than their toxic/postingestive effects. The study of their structure-activity relationships showed that both the decalin moiety and the chain at C-9 determined their bioactivity. Furthermore, the presence of a 4,18-epoxy/diol moiety was an important feature for both the antifeedant and the toxic/postingestive effects.
Shape and Structure of Zinc Oxide Particles Prepared by Vapor‐Phase Oxidation of Zinc Vapor (1988)

The shape and structure of granular and tetrapod‐like ZnO particles prepared by a vapor‐phase method were analyzed by electron microscopy, and the growth mechanism is discussed. Only the wurtzite structure exists in ultrafine particles less than 50 nm, indicating that the ZnO particles have the wurtzite structure from the early stages of growth. The legs of the tetrapod‐like particles are hexagonal prisms grown along the <001> direction. With regard to the geometrical orientation relationship between any two of the four legs, it was found that the (1¯0) planes of the two legs are parallel to each other.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in injured pig artery coincides with early appearance of infiltrating monocyte/macrophages (1996)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are potent chemokines which attract circulating monocytes and neutrophils respectively to inflamed tissues. JE/MCP-1 gene expression has been previously studied in rabbit aortae after endothelial denudation and the rapid appearance of this transcript was thought to precede emigration of phagocytes. We now report MCP-1 gene expression following de-endothelialization of iliac arteries in the pig, a species which can develop spontaneous atherosclerosis. Using Northern blot analysis, we demonstrated that MCP-1 mRNA was rapidly induced in pig arteries at 2 h and continued to increase to reach a maximum at 8 h before returning to low levels at 16-24 h after injury. The increase seen for MCP-1 mRNA at 8 h was also observed for IL-8 mRNA but was not apparent for growth-related gene expressions, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Since smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and phagocytes are all capable of expressing MCP-1, we examined pig arteries for immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody to human MCP-1 (5D3-F7). At 8 h after injury, the predominant cell type staining positive for MCP-1 was the monocyte/macrophage. Staining was also observed in occasional scattered neutrophils, but MCP-1 protein could not be detected in smooth muscle cells or on extracellular matrix within the sensitivity constraints posed by our methodology. Our results are consistent with invading monocyte/macrophages having a major input into the production of this chemokine in the arterial wall following injury. The fact that MCP-1 expression accompanied monocyte/macrophage presence in damaged artery, rather than preceding it, is suggestive that continued MCP-1 expression is required for functions other than chemoattraction.
<i>Plasmodium</i> -associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes (2018)

Malaria parasites (<i>Plasmodium</i>) can change the attractiveness of their vertebrate hosts to <i>Anopheles</i> vectors, leading to a greater number of vector-host contacts and increased transmission. Indeed, naturally <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected children have been shown to attract more mosquitoes than parasite-free children. Here, we demonstrate <i>Plasmodium</i>-induced increases in the attractiveness of skin odor in Kenyan children and reveal quantitative differences in the production of specific odor components in infected vs. parasite-free individuals. We found the aldehydes heptanal, octanal, and nonanal to be produced in greater amounts by infected individuals and detected by mosquito antennae. In behavioral experiments, we demonstrated that these, and other, <i>Plasmodium</i>-induced aldehydes enhanced the attractiveness of a synthetic odor blend mimicking "healthy" human odor. Heptanal alone increased the attractiveness of "parasite-free" natural human odor. Should the increased production of these aldehydes by <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected humans lead to increased mosquito biting in a natural setting, this would likely affect the transmission of malaria.
Historical Perspectives: Optical Crossbars And Optical Computing (1987)

The evolution of optical computing from simple arithmetic computing to complex logical computing closely parallels the transition of optical computing from the analog to the digital domain. The significance of optical crossbars in both arithmetic and logic-based optical computing systems is considered. An emphasis is placed on the unique ability of digital optical systems to implement extremely complex combinational logic structures. The significance of fan-in and fan-out is examined. The emergence of a new class of optoelectronic programmable logic arrays (PLA's) is discussed. A comparison of the potential operational limits of these devices to those of their electronic counterparts is presented.
Stopping light by an air waveguide with anisotropic metamaterial cladding (2008)

We present a detailed study of oscillating modes in a slab waveguide with air core and anisotropic metamaterial cladding. It is shown that, under specific dielectric configurations, slow and even stopped electromagnetic wave can be supported by such an air waveguide. We propose a linearly tapped waveguide structure that could lead the propagating light to a complete standstill. Both the theoretical analysis and the proposed waveguide have been validated by full-wave simulation based on finite-difference time-domain method.
LPS-Induced Migration of Peritoneal B-1 Cells is Associated with Upregulation of CXCR4 and Increased Migratory Sensitivity to CXCL12 (2011)

B-1 cells, which constitute a predominant lymphocyte subset in serosal cavities and produce most of natural antibodies, are subdivided into the CD5(+) B-1a and CD5(-) B-1b cell subpopulations, but the differential roles of B-1a and B-1b cells are not well understood. We report that B-1a cells preferentially migrate out of the peritoneal cavity and upregulate the expression of CXCR4 with heightened sensitivity to CXCL12 and CXCL13 upon LPS treatment compared to B-1b and B-2 cells. Whereas B-1a cells were slightly more abundant than B-1b and B-2 cells in the homeostatic condition, the number of B-1a cells preferentially decreased 48 hr after LPS treatment. The decrease in the peritoneal B-1a cell number was accompanied with increased migration of B-1a cells toward CXCL-12 and CXCL-13 in in vitro transmigration assay using peritoneal B cells from LPS treated mice. The expression level of CXCR4, but not of CXCR5, was also more prominently increased in B-1a cells upon LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated B-1a cells did not accumulate in omental milky spots in contrast to B-2 cells. These results suggest that B-1a cells actively migrate out of the peritoneal cavity through the regulation of the migratory responsiveness to chemokines and actively participate in systemic immune responses.
A phase 2 trial of extended induction epratuzumab and rituximab for previously untreated follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50701 (2013)

The high response rate and prolonged time to progression observed with this antibody combination are comparable to those observed after standard chemoimmunotherapies and further support the development of biologic, nonchemotherapeutic approaches for these patients.
<i>Sinorhizobium meliloti nfe</i> (Nodulation Formation Efficiency) Genes Exhibit Temporal and Spatial Expression Patterns Similar to Those of Genes Involved in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (2000)

The nfe genes (nfeA, nfeB, and nfeD) are involved in the nodulation efficiency and competitiveness of the Sinorhizobium meliloti strain GR4 on alfalfa roots. The nfeA and nfeB genes are preceded by functional nif consensus sequences and NifA binding motifs. Here, we determined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the nfe genes in symbiosis with alfalfa. Translational fusions of the nfe promoters with the gusA gene and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses indicate that they are expressed and translated within mature nitrogen-fixing nodules and not during early steps of nodule development. Within the nodules the three nfe genes exhibit a spatial expression pattern similar to that of genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We show that nfeB and nfeD genes are expressed not only from their own promoters but also from the upstream nfe promoter sequences. Furthermore, with the use of specific antibodies the NfeB and NfeD proteins were detected within the root nodule bacteroid fraction. Finally, NfeB was inmunolocalized in the bacteroid cell membrane whereas NfeD was detected in the bacteroid cytoplasm.
Plasma cytokine measurements augment prognostic scores as indicators of outcome in patients with severe sepsis. (2005)

Despite recent advances in the prospective identification of the patient with sepsis who may benefit from anti-inflammatory or antithrombotic therapies, successful treatment regimens have been fairly modest. We have explored whether determination of several proinflammatory cytokine or mediator concentrations can complement physiologic scoring systems to identify patients with severe sepsis who will survive or expire within 28 days. The design of the study included an exploratory analysis performed in conjunction with a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial and involved 33 academic institutions in the United States. One hundred twenty-four patients with severe sepsis with or without septic shock were included in this analysis. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and on days 1 through 4, and were evaluated for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, as well as for procalcitonin and total protein C levels. Baseline concentrations and changes in the concentrations of these mediators were evaluated in relationship to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) scores, and 28-day all-cause mortality. Using univariate logistic regression analyses, APACHE II and MOD scores, age (but not gender), and baseline plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 (log transformed) concentrations were all predictive of increased 28-day all-cause mortality (P < 0.01). Baseline total protein C, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and procalcitonin concentrations, and the change in plasma cytokine concentrations from baseline over the initial 4 days were not useful in predicting outcome. Selected baseline proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and APACHE II score were correlated (P < 0.01). IL-6 concentration is a strong candidate for predicting clinical outcome in patients with severe sepsis alone, or when combined with the APACHE II or MOD scores. The potential usefulness of the combination of cytokine measurements and prognostic scores to identify patients who may benefit from treatment with anti-inflammatory or antithrombotic therapies should be further evaluated.
A Recursive PLS (Partial Least Squares) based Approach for Enterprise Threat Management (2018)

Most of the existing solutions to enterprise threat management are preventive approaches prescribing means to prevent policy violations with varying degrees of success. In this paper we consider the complementary scenario where a number of security violations have already occurred, or security threats, or vulnerabilities have been reported and a security administrator needs to generate optimal response to these security events. We present a principled approach to study and model the human expertise in responding to the emergent threats owing to these security events. A recursive Partial Least Squares based adaptive learning model is defined using a factorial analysis of the security events together with a method for estimating the effect of global context dependent semantic information used by the security administrators. Presented model is theoretically optimal and operationally recursive in nature to deal with the set of security events being generated continuously. We discuss the underlying challenges and ways in which the model could be operationalized in centralized versus decentralized, and real-time versus batch processing modes.
Recent Advancements in Tissue Engineering for Stem cell-based Cardiac Therapies (2013)

Advances in cardiac tissue engineering have recently focused on utilizing stem cells to regenerate infarcted and scarred myocardium. Due to their proliferative nature and tremendous potential for differentiation, stem cells are presently being investigated for clinical applications. Unfortunately, limiting factors such as massive cell death and poor retention have hampered clinical outcomes. Consequently, the development of an efficient delivery system for stem cells to the target site is essential. The use of innovative tissue engineering techniques has opened up new horizons within the field of cellular cardiomyoplasty. This paper will present a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in stem cell technology destined for myocardial tissue repair. In addition, the multidisciplinary approach to tissue engineering presented here will provide the reader with insight into the clinical realization of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
A new pulse height analysis system based on fast ADC digitizing technique (1993)

A fast digitizing system is used as a new pulse height analysis system in nuclear spectroscopy applications. Input signals are processed by a computerized data processing system composed of a fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (200 MHz/10 b) and a Unix workstation. Measurements are made with a large volume HPGe detector and /sup 60/Co gamma -ray source. Better energy resolution of 1.7 keV is obtained in this system, compared to 2.0 keV in the conventional system with a shaping circuit of 6- mu s time constant. Digital analysis of the pulse waveforms gives an improved peak-to-Compton ratio. This technique has the potential to analyze individual signals more precisely and to be used as an advanced signal processing method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bare-hand 3D gesture input to interactive systems (2006)

Although the 2D desktop metaphor has been the dominating paradigm of user interfaces for over two decades, 3D models of interaction are becoming more feasible due to advances in computer output hardware and software technology. However, conventional input devices such as a mouse or track-pad generally restrict direct manipulation interaction to a 2D paradigm. More sophisticated 3D input devices such data-gloves have been available for some time, but these tend to be expensive or restrictive in their use. In this paper we describe a simple and inexpensive single camera-based video input system which allows 3D interaction with existing computer application using bare hands.
Recent Updates on Development of Drug Molecules for Human African Trypanosomiasis (2016)

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, better called as sleeping sickness), caused by two morphologically identicalprotozoan parasite Trypanosoma bruceiis transmitted by the bite of tsetse flies of Glossinagenus, mainly in the rural areas of the sub-Saharan Africa. HAT is one of the neglected tropical diseases and is characterized by sleep disturbance as the main symptom, hence is called as sleeping sickness. As it is epidemic in the poorest population of Africa, there is limited availability of safe and cost-effective tools for controlling the disease. Trypanosoma bruceigambiense causes sleeping sickness in Western and Central Africa, whereas Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense is the reason for prevalence of sleeping sickness in Eastern and Southern Africa. For the treatment of sleeping sickness, only five drugs have been approved suramin, pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithine and nifurtimox. Various small molecules of diverse chemical nature have been synthesized for targeting HAT and many of them are in the clinical trialsincluding fexinidazole (phase I completed) and SCYX-7158 (advanced in phase I). The present work has been planned to review various types of small molecules developed in the last 10 years having potent antitrypanosoma activity likely to be beneficial in sleeping sickness along with different natural anti-HAT agents.
Automated magnetic preparation of DNA templates for solid phase sequencing (1992)

An integrated protocol for solid-phase DNA sequencing using a robotic work station is described involving magnetic separation of DNA and analysis of the sequencing product by electrophoresis with automated detection of the fluorescently labeled fragments. The method, which is based on magnetic beads in combination with streptavidin-biotin technology, can be used for sequencing both genomic and plasmid DNA. The DNA template is obtained by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protocols to prepare five and ten immobilized samples is described, giving 10 and 20 single-stranded templates, respectively. The magnetic purification steps are performed in a microtiter plate and this allows for an integrated scheme involving a subsequent procedure for automated primer annealing and sequencing reactions. Here, the procedure is examplified by direct genomic sequencing of DNA in blood sample from a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient and a cloned human antibody DNA fragment using fluorescently labeled sequencing primers.
Nr2e3 is a genetic modifier that rescues retinal degeneration and promotes homeostasis in multiple models of retinitis pigmentosa (2020)

Recent advances in viral vector engineering, as well as an increased understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of retinal diseases, have led to the development of novel gene therapy approaches. Furthermore, ease of accessibility and ocular immune privilege makes the retina an ideal target for gene therapies. In this study, the nuclear hormone receptor gene Nr2e3 was evaluated for efficacy as broad-spectrum therapy to attenuate early to intermediate stages of retinal degeneration in five unique mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). RP is a group of heterogenic inherited retinal diseases associated with over 150 gene mutations, affecting over 1.5 million individuals worldwide. RP varies in age of onset, severity, and rate of progression. In addition, ~40% of RP patients cannot be genetically diagnosed, confounding the ability to develop personalized RP therapies. Remarkably, Nr2e3 administered therapy resulted in reduced retinal degeneration as observed by increase in photoreceptor cells, improved electroretinogram, and a dramatic molecular reset of key transcription factors and associated gene networks. These therapeutic effects improved retinal homeostasis in diseased tissue. Results of this study provide evidence that Nr2e3 can serve as a broad-spectrum therapy to treat multiple forms of RP.