gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a UV-Stabilized Topical Formulation of Nifedipine for the Treatment of Raynaud Phenomenon and Chilblains (2019)

Raynaud's Phenomenon is a vascular affliction resulting in pain and blanching of the skin caused by excessive and prolonged constriction of arterioles, usually due to cold exposure. Nifedipine is a vasodilatory calcium channel antagonist, which is used orally as the first-line pharmacological treatment to reduce the incidence and severity of attacks when other interventions fail to alleviate the condition and there is danger of tissue injury. Oral administration of nifedipine, however, is associated with systemic adverse effects, and thus topical administration with nifedipine locally to the extremities would be advantageous. However, nifedipine is subject to rapid photodegradation, which is problematic for exposed skin such as the hands. The goal of this project was to analyze the photostability of a novel topical nifedipine cream to UVA light. The effect of incorporating the photoprotectants rutin, quercetin, and/or avobenzone (BMDBM) into the nifedipine cream on the stability of nifedipine to UVA light exposure and the appearance of degradation products of nifedipine was determined. Rutin and quercetin are flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Both have the potential to improve the photostability of nifedipine by a number of mechanisms that either quench the intermolecular electron transfer of the singlet excited dihydropyridine to the nitrobenzene group or by preventing photoexcitation of nifedipine. Rutin at either 0.1% or 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) did not improve the stability of nifedipine 2% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) in the cream after UVA exposure up to 3 h. Incorporation of quercetin at 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) did improve nifedipine stability from 40% (no quercetin) to 77% (with quercetin) of original drug concentration after 3 h UVA exposure. A combination of BMDBM and quercetin was the most effective photoprotectant for maintaining nifedipine concentration following up to 8 h UVA exposure.
Signal modeling for low-coherence height-scanning interference microscopy (2004)

We propose a computationally efficient theoretical model for low-coherence interferometric profilers that measure surface heights by scanning the optical path difference of the interferometer. The model incorporates both geometric and spectral effects by means of an incoherent superposition of ray bundles through the interferometer spanning a range of wavelengths, incident angles, and pupil plane coordinates. This superposition sum is efficiently performed in the frequency domain, followed by a Fourier transform to generate the desired simulated interference signal. Example applications include white-light interferometry, high-numerical-aperture microscopy with a near-monochromatic light source, and interference microscopy for thickness and topography analysis of thin-film structures and other complex surface features.
Storage-Based Intrusion Detection for Storage Area Networks (SANs) (2005)

Storage systems are the next frontier for providing protection against intrusion. Since storage systems see changes to persistent data, several types of intrusions can be detected by storage systems. Intrusion detection (ID) techniques can be deployed in various storage systems. In this paper, we study how intrusions can be detected at the block storage level and in SAN environments. We propose novel approaches for storage-based intrusion detection and discuss how features of state-of-the-art block storage systems can be used for intrusion detection and recovery of compromised data. In particular we present two prototype systems. First we present a real time intrusion detection system (IDS), which has been integrated within a storage management and virtualization system. In this system incoming requests for storage blocks are examined for signs of intrusions in real time. We then discuss how intrusion detection schemes can be deployed as an appliance loosely coupled with a SAN storage system. The major advantage of this approach is that it does not require any modification and enhancement to the storage system software. In this approach, we use the space and time efficient point-in-time copy operation provided by SAN storage devices. We also present performance results showing that the impact of ID on the overall storage system performance is negligible. Recovering data in compromised systems is also discussed.
4-(Tetralin-1-yl)- and 4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)alkyl Derivatives of 1-Cyclohexylpiperazine as σ Receptor Ligands with Agonist σ<sub>2</sub> Activity (2004)

Several 1-cyclohexylpiperazine derivatives related to sigma(2) receptor ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (33, K(i) = 0.34 nM) were synthesized and tested in radioligand binding assays, to attempt a structure-affinity relationship study. Intermediate alkyl chain length and methoxyl group position on the tetralin nucleus were varied. A few naphthalene analogues were also prepared. High affinities were found in sigma(2) receptor binding for almost all compounds, some of which displayed K(i) values in subnanomolar range, but low sigma(2)/sigma(1) selectivities were found. The highest sigma(2) affinities were displayed by compounds with an intermediate alkyl chain of three (32 and 43) or five methylenes (39 and 46). Quite high sigma(1) receptor affinity was found for compounds with a four-methylene chain; 36 (K(i) = 0.036 nM) and 45 (K(i) = 0.22 nM) displaying good sigma(1)/sigma(2) selectivity (406- and 139-fold, respectively). Moreover, homologues of compound 33 displayed also satisfactory selectivities over dopamine D(2)-like, serotonin 5-HT(3), and adrenergic alpha(1) receptors. These compounds and a few others were tested in the inhibition of the electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig bladder and were demonstrated to be full sigma(2) agonists. The activity values correlated well to the affinity scale (EC(50) in microM range). 33 and related compounds are proposed as a class of potential antineoplastic and PET diagnosis agents.
Clinical effects of immunotherapy with genetically modified recombinant birch pollen Bet v 1 derivatives (2008)

Single courses of injection immunotherapy with Bet v 1 allergen derivatives showed trends towards improved well-being and reduced reactivity to specific allergen provocation, but did not yield significant improvement in the combined symptom medication score in this study.
Towards robust cross-user hand tracking and shape recognition (2011)

Low-cost depth cameras create new opportunities for robust and ubiquitous vision-based interfaces. While much research has focused on full-body pose estimation and the interpretation of gross body movement, this work investigates skeleton-free hand detection, tracking, and shape classification. Our goal is to build a rich and reliable gestural interface by developing methods that recognize a broad set of hand shapes and which maintain high accuracy rates across a wide range of users. In this paper, we describe our approach to real-time hand detection and tracking using depth data from the Microsoft Kinect. We present quantitative shape recognition results for eight hand shapes collected from 16 users and then discuss physical configuration and interface design issues that help boost reliability and overall user experience.
Piezoelectric micromachined microphones with out-of-plane directivity (2013)

Piezoelectric microphones with out-of-plane directivity are introduced. Structures are comprised of circular diaphragms suspended on compliant circumferential springs and open to ambient at front and back sides. The springs contain thin piezoelectric films for integrated piezoelectric readout. Prototypes are presented in which diaphragm and springs are etched into a 10-μm-thick epitaxial Si layer with 800-nm-thick lead-zirconate-titanate films on the spring surface. Directivity and frequency response measurement confirm anticipated device functionality. A discussion of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) merits of the approach is presented, concluding that up to 20-dB SNR improvements may be possible beyond what is achievable with present state-of-the-art commercial microphones.
Remote Radiation Sensing Using a Fiber-Coupled, Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (1998)

Fiberoptic-based, radiation measurement methods provide a convenient approach for remotely monitoring hazardous or difficult-to-access areas such as nuclear waste sites or sampling wells for in situ ground water monitoring. Fiberoptic systems are attractive for these applications because of their small size, mechanical flexibility and optical, as opposed to electrical, signal transmission. In this paper, we describe a new, optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) glass dosimeter that can be attached directly to commercial optical fibers for remote radiation sensing applications. The OSL glass is optically transparent and can be manufactured to any desired length to provide the necessary sensitivity required for a specific application.
Cloning of cDNAs Encoding Human Synapsins Ha and IIb (1999)

The synapsins are a family of neuronal phosphoproteins that are specifically associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. In mammals, distinct genes for synapsins I, II, and III give rise to members of the synapsin family. The synapsins are implicated in neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis, processes believed to be aberrant in several neuropsychiatric diseases. The characterization of human synapsins is therefore important for evaluating the possible role of synapsins in human neuropathology. In this report, we describe the cloning and sequence of human synapsins IIa and IIb, products of the synapsin II gene. Human synapsins IIa and IIb conform to the previously described domain model of the synapsins, and the most conserved protein domains are A, C, and E.
Toward Single-Organelle Lipidomics in Live Cells (2019)

Detailed studies of lipids in biological systems, including their role in cellular structure, metabolism, and disease development, comprise an increasingly prominent discipline called lipidomics. However, the conventional lipidomics tools, such as mass spectrometry, cannot investigate lipidomes until they are extracted, and thus they cannot be used for probing the lipid distribution nor for studying in live cells. Furthermore, conventional techniques rely on the lipid extraction from relatively large samples, which averages the data across the cellular populations and masks essential cell-to-cell variations. Further advancement of the discipline of lipidomics critically depends on the capability of high-resolution lipid profiling in live cells and, potentially, in single organelles. Here we report a micro-Raman assay designed for single-organelle lipidomics. We demonstrate how Raman microscopy can be used to measure the local intracellular biochemical composition and lipidome hallmarks-lipid concentration and unsaturation level, cis/trans isomer ratio, sphingolipids and cholesterol levels in live cells-with a sub-micrometer resolution, which is sufficient for profiling of subcellular structures. These lipidome data were generated by a newly developed biomolecular component analysis software, which provides a shared platform for data analysis among different research groups. We outline a robust, reliable, and user-friendly protocol for quantitative analysis of lipid profiles in subcellular structures. This method expands the capabilities of Raman-based lipidomics toward the analysis of single organelles within either live or fixed cells, thus allowing an unprecedented measure of organellar lipid heterogeneity and opening new quantitative ways to study the phenotypic variability in normal and diseased cells.
Added Feature Automotive Mirrors (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive rearview mirrors have numerous attributes that render them desirable hosts for a variety of added features beyond their principal function of providing a rearview field of vision. One attribute is location. The driver frequently looks at rearview mirrors as part of the normal driving task, and thus they are ideal locations for information display such as of directional information from a compass sensor and/or of temperature information from an exterior temperature sensor. Icons and indicia displaying status of, for example, passenger airbag enable/disable, are readily viewable by the driver when displayed at an interior rearview mirror or exterior sideview mirror. Rearview mirrors are desirable locations for automatic wiper activation rain sensors, automatic headlamp activation controllers, remote keyless entry receivers, garage door opener/home access transmitters, and antennae such as for global positioning satellite (GPS) systems. Mirrors are also excellent locations for lights such as map reading lights incorporated in interior mirror assemblies and ground illumination security lights located in exterior mirrors assemblies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Another attribute is electrical service. Many interior and most exterior mirrors are electrically powered. For example, electrochromic mirrors that electrically dim in reflectivity when glaring conditions are detected are today commonplace. The circuitry to control the electrochromic dimming function and any other mirror-mounted electronic feature can be commonly housed in or on a rearview mirror assembly, and wholly or partially share components on a common circuit board.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A third attribute is flexibility. By hosting an added feature within a rearview mirror assembly, an automaker has wide latitude in option packaging. As car area networks (CAN) proliferate, the ease and convenience of incorporation of added features will be even further enhanced. Car area networks can provide a plug-and-play opportunity for incorporation of added feature functions whereby mirror mounted features such as, for example, a pyroelectric intrusion detector can output a signal to the CAN when a cabin intrusion is detected, that is received and reacted to by an alarm system elsewhere on the network.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews added feature interior and exterior rearview mirrors, and outlines how they can enhance consumer safety, convenience and affordability.</div>
Integrated platform for genome-wide screening and construction of high-density genetic interaction maps in mammalian cells (2013)

A major challenge of the postgenomic era is to understand how human genes function together in normal and disease states. In microorganisms, high-density genetic interaction (GI) maps are a powerful tool to elucidate gene functions and pathways. We have developed an integrated methodology based on pooled shRNA screening in mammalian cells for genome-wide identification of genes with relevant phenotypes and systematic mapping of all GIs among them. We recently demonstrated the potential of this approach in an application to pathways controlling the susceptibility of human cells to the toxin ricin. Here we present the complete quantitative framework underlying our strategy, including experimental design, derivation of quantitative phenotypes from pooled screens, robust identification of hit genes using ultra-complex shRNA libraries, parallel measurement of tens of thousands of GIs from a single double-shRNA experiment, and construction of GI maps. We describe the general applicability of our strategy. Our pooled approach enables rapid screening of the same shRNA library in different cell lines and under different conditions to determine a range of different phenotypes. We illustrate this strategy here for single- and double-shRNA libraries. We compare the roles of genes for susceptibility to ricin and Shiga toxin in different human cell lines and reveal both toxin-specific and cell line-specific pathways. We also present GI maps based on growth and ricin-resistance phenotypes, and we demonstrate how such a comparative GI mapping strategy enables functional dissection of physical complexes and context-dependent pathways.
Stabilized electrospinning of heat stimuli/<i>in situ</i> crosslinkable nanofibers and their self‐same nanocomposites (2016)

ABSTRACT We present a strategy for stabilizing the morphological integrity of electrospun polymeric nanofibers by heat stimuli in situ crosslinking. Amorphous polymer nanofibers, such as polystyrene (PS) and its co‐polymers tend to lose their fiber morphology during processing at temperatures above their glass transition temperature ( T g ) typically bound to happen in nanocomposite/structural composite applications. As an answer to this problem, incorporation of the crosslinking agents, phthalic anhydride (PA) and tributylamine (TBA), into the electrospinning polymer solution functionalized by glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) copolymerization, namely P(St‐ co ‐GMA), is demonstrated. Despite the presence of the crosslinker molecules, the electrospinning polymer solution is stable and its viscosity remains unaffected below 60 °C. Crosslinking reaction stands‐by and can be thermally stimulated during post‐processing of the electrospun P(St‐ co ‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fiber mat at intermediate temperatures (below the T g ). This strategy enables the preservation of the nanofiber morphology during subsequent high temperature processing. The crosslinking event leads to an increase in T g of the base polymer by 30 °C depending on degree of crosslinking. Crosslinked nanofibers are able to maintain their nanofibrous morphology above the T g and upon exposure to organic solvents. In situ crosslinking in epoxy matrix is also reported as an example of high temperature demanding application/processing. Finally, a self‐same fibrous nanocomposite is demonstrated by dual electrospinning of P(St‐ co ‐GMA) and stabilized P(St‐ co ‐GMA)/PA‐TBA, forming an intermingled nanofibrous mat, followed by a heating cycle. The product is a composite of crosslinked P(St‐ co ‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fibers fused by P(St‐ co ‐GMA) matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44090.
Molecular Characterization of the Human β <sub>3</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor (1989)

Since the classification of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) into beta 1 and beta 2 subtypes, additional beta-ARs have been implicated in the control of various metabolic processes by catecholamines. A human gene has been isolated that encodes a third beta-AR, here referred to as the "beta 3-adrenergic receptor." Exposure of eukaryotic cells transfected with this gene to adrenaline or noradrenaline promotes the accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate; only 2 of 11 classical beta-AR blockers efficiently inhibited this effect, whereas two others behaved as beta 3-AR agonists. The potency order of beta-AR agonists for the beta 3-AR correlates with their rank order for stimulating various metabolic processes in tissues where atypical adrenergic sites are thought to exist. In particular, novel beta-AR agonists having high thermogenic, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities in animal models are among the most potent stimulators of the beta 3-AR.
Behavioral analysis of turbulent exhale flows (2018)

Dense exhale flow through CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> spectral imaging introduces a pivotal trajectory within non-contact respiratory analysis that consolidates several pulmonary evaluations into a single coherent monitoring process. Due to technical limitations and the limited exploration of respiratory analysis through this non-contact technique, this method has not been fully utilized to extract high-level respiratory behaviors through turbulent exhale analysis. In this work, we present a structural foundation for respiratory analysis of turbulent exhale flows through the visualization of dense CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> density distributions using precisely refined thermal imaging device to target high-resolution respiratory modeling. We achieve spatial and temporal high-resolution flow reconstructions through the cooperative development of a thermal camera dedicated to respiratory analysis to drastically improve the precision of current exhale imaging methods. We then model turbulent exhale behaviors using a heuristic volumetric flow reconstruction process to generate sparse flow exhale models. Together these contributions allow us to target the acquisition of numerous respiratory behaviors including, breathing rate, exhale strength and capacity, towards insights into lung functionality and tidal volume estimation.
Electromagnetic continuous casting project: Final report (1988)

This report describes the work on development of an electromagnetic casting process for steel, which was carried out at Argonne National Laboratory between January 1985 and December 1987. This effort was concerned principally with analysis and design work on magnet technology, liquid metal feed system, coolant system, and sensors and process controllers. Experimentation primarily involved (1) electromagnetic studies to determine the conditions and controlling parameters for stable levitation and (2) feed-system studies to establish important parameters that control and influence fluid flow from the liquid metal source to the caster. 73 refs., 91 figs., 11 tabs.
Antibody-Based Detection and Inhibition of Vaginolysin, the Gardnerella vaginalis Cytolysin (2009)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection worldwide and is associated with significant adverse sequelae. We have recently characterized vaginolysin (VLY), the human-specific cytotoxin produced by Gardnerella vaginalis and believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of BV and its associated morbidities. We hypothesize that novel antibody-based strategies may be useful for detection of VLY and for inhibition of its toxic effects on human cells. Using purified toxin as an immunogen, we generated polyclonal rabbit immune serum (IS) against VLY. A western blot of G. vaginalis lysate was probed with IS and a single band (57 kD) identified. Immunofluorescence techniques using IS detected VLY production by G. vaginalis. In addition, we have developed a sandwich ELISA assay capable of VLY quantification at ng/ml concentrations in the supernatant of growing G. vaginalis. To investigate the potential inhibitory role of IS on VLY-mediated cell lysis, we exposed human erythrocytes to VLY or VLY pretreated with IS and determined the percent hemolysis. Pretreatment with IS resulted in a significant reduction in VLY-mediated lysis. Similarly, both human cervical carcinoma cells and vaginal epithelial cells exhibited reduced cytolysis following exposure to VLY with IS compared to VLY alone. These results confirm that antibody-based techniques are an effective means of VLY detection. Furthermore, VLY antiserum functions as an inhibitor of VLY-CD59 interaction, mitigating cell lysis. These strategies may have a potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of BV.
Joint Stochastic Decoding of LDPC Codes and Partial-Response Channels (2012)

This paper proposes the application of the stochastic decoding approach for joint decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes and Partial-Response (PR) channels. It shows how the computationally-intensive operations required in the PR channel detection can be performed using simple circuitry in the stochastic domain. Performance results of the stochastic approach are compared against conventional joint decoders with fixed-point and floating-point precisions.