gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Classification of ASL Signs in the Context of Daily Living Using RF Sensing (2021)

RF sensing based human activity and hand gesture recognition (HGR) methods have gained enormous popularity with the development of small package, high frequency radar systems and powerful machine learning tools. However, most HGR experiments in the literature have been conducted on individual gestures and in isolation from preceding and subsequent motions. This paper considers the problem of American sign language (ASL) recognition in the context of daily living, which involves sequential classification of a continuous stream of signing mixed with daily activities. In particular, this paper investigates the efficacy of different RF input representations and fusion techniques for ASL and trigger gesture recognition tasks in a daily living scenario, which can be potentially used for sign language sensitive human-computer interfaces (HCI). The proposed approach involves first detecting and segmenting periods of motion, followed by feature level fusion of the range-Doppler map, micro-Doppler spectrogram, and envelope for classification with a bi-directional long short-term memory (BiL-STM) recurrent neural network. Results show 93.3% accuracy in identification of 6 activities and 4 ASL signs, as well as a trigger sign detection rate of 0.93.
Combining 3D Shape, Color, and Motion for Robust Anytime Tracking (2014)

Although object tracking has been studied for decades, real-time tracking algorithms often suffer from low accuracy and poor robustness when confronted with difficult, realworld data. We present a tracker that combines 3D shape, color (when available), and motion cues to accurately track moving objects in real-time. Our tracker allocates computational effort based on the shape of the posterior distribution. Starting with a coarse approximation to the posterior, the tracker successively refines this distribution, increasing in tracking accuracy over time. The tracker can thus be run for any amount of time, after which the current approximation to the posterior is returned. Even at a minimum runtime of 0.7 milliseconds, our method outperforms all of the baseline methods of similar speed by at least 10%. If our tracker is allowed to run for longer, the accuracy continues to improve, and it continues to outperform all baseline methods. Our tracker is thus anytime, allowing the speed or accuracy to be optimized based on the needs of the application.
A Prototype for Automatic Recognition of Spontaneous Facial Actions (2002)

We present ongoing work on a project for automatic recognition of spontaneous facial actions. Spontaneous facial expressions differ substantially from posed expressions, similar to how continuous, spontaneous speech differs from isolated words produced on command. Previous methods for automatic facial expression recognition assumed images were collected in controlled environments in which the subjects deliberately faced the camera. Since people often nod or turn their heads, automatic recognition of spontaneous facial behavior requires methods for handling out-of-image-plane head rotations. Here we explore an approach based on 3-D warping of images into canonical views. We evaluated the performance of the approach as a front-end for a spontaneous expression recognition system using support vector machines and hidden Markov models. This system employed general purpose learning mechanisms that can be applied to recognition of any facial movement. The system was tested for recognition of a set of facial actions defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). We showed that 3D tracking and warping followed by machine learning techniques directly applied to the warped images, is a viable and promising technology for automatic facial expression recognition. One exciting aspect of the approach presented here is that information about movement dynamics emerged out of filters which were derived from the statistics of images.
Encapsulation of Palladium in Porous Wall Hollow Glass Microspheres (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Experimental Method Results and Discussion Summary and Conclusion References
[Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients (pts) with locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC)]. (2006)

The standard care for unresectable locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Although there is no standard regimen of CRT, a platinum-based regimen has shown a better survival benefit than other regimens. The control arm in a randomized trial for unresectable locally advanced HNC is radiotherapy concurrent with CDDP (100 mg/m2, every 3 weeks), which has been considered to be too toxic for clinical practice in Western countries and has required frequent dose modifications. Because the Japanese also have been considered unable to tolerate this regimen, no prospective study of it has been conducted in Japan. Most Japanese patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer have received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP (70-80 mg/m2). S-1 has shown high activity in HNC with a response rate of 34%. Furthermore, a combination of cisplatin and S-1 therapy for HNC has been reported to have good efficacy. With this rationale in mind, we conducted a phase I study of CRT with S-1 and CDDP for unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The CR rate was very promising, though preliminary, and warrants further investigation. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) is planning a multicenter phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 and CDDP for locally advanced unresectable HNC.
Performance evaluation of multi core systems for high throughput medical applications involving model predictive control (2014)

Many medical control devices used in case of critical patients have model predictive controllers (MPC). MPC estimate the drug level in the parts of patients body based on their human physiology model to either alarm the medical authority or change the drug infusion rate. This model prediction has to be completed before the drug infusion rate is changed i.e. every few seconds. Instead of mathematical models like the Pharmacokinetic models more accurate models such as spatio-temporal drug diffusion can be used for improving the prediction and prevention of drug overshoot and undershoot. However, these models require high computation capability of platforms like recent many core GPUs or Intel Xeon Phi (MIC) or IntelCore i7. This work explores thread level and data level parallelism and computation versus communication times of such different model predictive applications used in multiple patient monitoring in hospital data centers exploiting the many core platforms for maximizing the throughput (i.e. patients monitored simultaneously). We also study the energy and performance of these applications to evaluate them for architecture suitability. We show that given a set of MPC applications, mapping on heterogeneous platforms can give performance improvement and energy savings.
Expendable bubble tiltmeter for geophysical monitoring (1983)

An unusually rugged highly sensitive and inexpensive bubble tiltmeter has been designed, tested, and built in quantity. These tiltmeters are presently used on two volcanoes and an Alaskan glacier, where they continuously monitor surface tilts of geological interest. This paper discusses the mechanical, thermal, and electric details of the meter, and illustrates its performance characteristics in both large (&gt;10−4 radian) and small (&lt;10−6 radian) tilt environments. The meter’s ultimate sensitivity is better than 2×10−8 radians rms for short periods (hours), and its useful dynamic range is greater than 104. Included is a short description of field use of the instrument for volcano monitoring.
Calcium-Iron(III)-Doped Alginate Gel Beads for Sorption of Arsenate and Selenate (2001)

Systems and methods for removing oxyanionic contaminants, such as arsenate (As(V)) and selenite (Se(IV)), from polluted water. The system utilizes calcium alginate which has been doped with ferric iron. The system is operated as either a batch-type or continuous feed purifier. A dehydrator is included for drying spent absorbent beads to form a dry disposable solid waste product.
Pathlength Alteration In An Interferometer By Rotation Of A Retroreflector (1989)

In optical interferometers alteration of the pathlength is usually achieved by moving one of the two interferometer mirrors back and forth. Through the use of rotating retroreflectors (corner reflectors), two slightly different concepts have been developed to replace this stop-and-go movement by a continuous rotation.
[Recombinant virus-mediated transfer of the wild-type p53 gene is a potent therapeutic strategy for human cancer]. (1996)

Tumor suppressor p53 gene, which is most commonly mutated in human cancers, plays an important role in the control of cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Transfection of the wild-type p53 gene into tumor cells induced either growth suppression or apoptosis. We have examined the effect of the recombinant retroviral or adenoviral vector expressing the wild-type p53 gene on the tumor cell proliferation as well as on the sensitivity of infected-tumor cells to various anticancer agents. The possible application of recombinant virus-mediated direct in vivo transfer of the wild-type p53 gene to human cancer therapy will be discussed.
Tissue Doppler Imaging Optical Flow (TDIOF): A Combined B-Mode and Tissue Doppler Approach for Cardiac Motion Estimation in Echocardiographic Images (2014)

The quantitative analysis of cardiac motion from echocardiographic images helps clinicians in the diagnosis and therapy of patients suffering from heart disease. Quantitative analysis is usually based on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) or speckle tracking. These methods are based on two techniques which to a large degree are independent: the Doppler phenomenon and image sequence processing. Herein, to increase the accuracy of the speckle tracking technique and to cope with the angle dependence of TDI, a combined approach dubbed tissue Doppler imaging optical flow (TDIOF) is proposed. TDIOF is formulated based on the combination of B-mode and Doppler energy terms minimized using algebraic equations and is validated on simulated images, and in vivo data. It was observed that the additional Doppler term is able to increase the accuracy of speckle tracking, compared to two popular motion estimation and speckle tracking techniques (Horn-Schunck and block matching methods). This observation was more pronounced when noise was present. The magnitude and angular error for TDIOF applied to simulated images, when comparing estimated motion with ground-truth motion, were 15% and 9.2°/frame, respectively. As an additional validation, echocardiography-derived strains were compared to tagged MRI-derived myocardial strains in the same subjects. The correlation coefficient (r) between the TDIOF-derived radial strains and tagged MRI-derived radial strains value was 0.83 (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient ( r) for the TDIOF-derived circumferential strains compared to the tagged MRI-derived circumferential strains was 0.86 (P < 0.001). The comparison of TDIOF-derived and block matching speckle tracking and Horn-Schunck optical flow strain values using student t-test demonstrated superiority of TDIOF (95% confidence interval, P < 0.001).
Comprehensive Analysis and Optimized Control of Torque Ripple and Power Factor in a Three-Phase Mutually Coupled Switched Reluctance Motor With Sinusoidal Current Excitation (2020)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of torque ripple and power factor for three-phase mutually coupled switched reluctance motors (MCSRMs) with sinusoidal current excitation. MCSRMs controlled by sinusoidal currents have the advantage of using the conventional voltage source inverter and the conventional vector control. However, MCSRMs are characterized by high torque ripple and low power factor. The torque harmonics due to the sinusoidal current excitation are investigated, and the effect of the current excitation angle on the motor saturation level and the power factor is analyzed. These analyses are then used in the development of an optimized control method to reduce torque ripple and to increase power factor and average torque. In the proposed control method, the power factor and phase voltage are calculated by the knowledge of the phase flux linkage and phase current. The phase flux linkage is represented in terms of Fourier coefficients, where these coefficients are functions of direct- and quadrature-axis currents. Hence, they are estimated from 2-D lookup tables (LUTs), which are independent of rotor position. Similarly, the Fourier coefficients of the torque harmonics are also estimated from the 2-D LUTs. The independence of the LUTs from rotor position reduces the size of the LUTs significantly. The proposed control method is validated by experiments on a 2-kW 12/8 MCSRM.
Frontal Plane Kinematics After Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty (2001)

Frontal plane kinematics including condylar lift-off and medial to lateral translation were investigated in 10 patients who had total knee arthroplasty with a mobile-bearing rotating platform or a similar implant that had been modified with a posterior stabilizer. The rotating platform had condylar lift-off (average, 2 mm) and medial tibial translation (average, 4.3 mm) in all implants tested. The posterior-stabilized prosthesis had significantly less condylar lift-off (average, 1.2 mm) and medial translation (average, 1.7 mm). The difference is attributed to constraint of the posterior stabilizer mechanism in the frontal plane. The important kinematic functions of frontal plane condylar lift-off and medial to lateral translation must be accounted for by contemporary total knee prosthetic designs because abnormalities may lead to abnormal wear and loss of prosthetic fixation.
Trace Amine-Associated Receptor Agonists:  Synthesis and Evaluation of Thyronamines and Related Analogues (2006)

We have previously shown that several thyronamines, decarboxylated and deiodinated metabolites of the thyroid hormone, potently activate an orphan G protein-coupled receptor in vitro (TAAR1) and induced hypothermia in vivo on a rapid time scale [Scanlan, T. S.; Suchland, K. L.; Hart, M. E.; Chiellini, G.; Huang, Y.; Kruzich, P. J.; Frascarelli, S.; Crossley, D. A.; Bunzow, J. R.; Ronca-Testoni, S.; Lin, E. T.; Hatton, D.; Zucchi, R.; Grandy, D. K. 3-Iodothyronamine is an endogenous and rapid-acting derivative of thyroid hormone. Nat. Med. 2004, 10 (6), 638-642]. Herein, we report the synthesis of these thyronamines. Additionally, a large number of thyroamine derivatives were synthesized in an effort to understand the molecular basis of TAAR1 activation and hypothermia induction. Several derivatives were found to potently activate both rTAAR1 and mTAAR1 in vitro (compounds 77, 85, 91, and 92). When administered to mice at a 50 mg/kg dose, these derivatives all induced significant hypothermia within 60 min and exhibited a hypothermic induction profile analogous to 3-iodothyronamine (1, T(1)AM) except 91, which proved to be more efficacious. On the basis of this result, a dose-dependent profile for 91 was generated and an ED(50) of 30 mumol/kg was calculated. Compound 91 proved to be more potent than T(1)AM for TAAR1 activation and exhibits increased potency and efficacy for hypothermia induction. These data further strengthen the pharmacological correlation linking TAAR1 activation by thyronamines and hypothermia induction in mice.
Circular arrays of polymer-based miniature rectilinear ion traps (2009)

The design and operation of an annular array of parallel, miniature rectilinear ion traps (RITs) is discussed. Stereolithography apparatus (SLA), a previously validated method for ion trap fabrication, was applied here to construct an array of mass analyzers and their mounting hardware. Two versions of the array were tested, using either six or twelve stretched RITs (x0 = 1.66 mm, y0 = 1.33 mm, z = 16.66 mm) mounted in parallel about the circumference of a circle with the interior and exterior x-electrode planes oriented tangential to the inner and outer annulus rings, respectively. The arrangement of the ion traps is such that the ions are radially ejected just above the throat of a centrally located electron multiplier detector into which they are accelerated. The mass analyzer array was mounted in a custom vacuum manifold. The resolution, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range, and MS/MS capabilities were tested using electrospray ionization (ESI). The devices were tested in two configurations: (i) separate ion sources for each trap, and (ii) a single ion source for the entire array.
Bovine immunoprotection against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with recombinant Bm86-Campo Grande antigen (2012)

The southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is no doubt the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle globally. The inappropriate use of chemical acaricides has driven the evolution of resistance in populations of R. (B.) microplus. Anti-tick vaccines represent a technology that can be combined with acaricides in integrated control programs to mitigate the impact of R. (B.) microplus. The recombinant form of Bm86 antigen from the Campo Grande (rBm86-CG) strain of R. (B.) microplus was produced using the Pichiapastoris expression system to test its ability to immunoprotect cattle against tick infestation. Secretion of rBm86-CG by P. pastoris through the bioprocess reported here simplified purification of the antigen. A specific humoral immune response was detected by ELISA in vaccinated cattle. Immunoblot results revealed that polyclonal antibodies from vaccinated cattle recognized a protein in larval extracts with a molecular weight corresponding to Bm86. The rBm86-CG antigen showed 31% efficacy against the Campo Grande strain of R. (B.) microplus infesting vaccinated cattle. The rBm86-CG is an antigen that could be used in a polyvalent vaccine as part of an integrated program for the control of R. (B.) microplus in the region that includes Mato Grosso do Sul.
Specific targeting of the GABA-A receptor α5 subtype by a selective inverse agonist restores cognitive deficits in Down syndrome mice (2011)

An imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission has been proposed to contribute to altered brain function in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and accordingly treatment with GABA-A antagonists can efficiently restore cognitive functions of Ts65Dn mice, a genetic model for DS. However, GABA-A antagonists are also convulsant which preclude their use for therapeutic intervention in DS individuals. Here, we have evaluated safer strategies to release GABAergic inhibition using a GABA-A-benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist selective for the α5-subtype (α5IA). We demonstrate that α5IA restores learning and memory functions of Ts65Dn mice in the novel-object recognition and in the Morris water maze tasks. Furthermore, we show that following behavioural stimulation, α5IA enhances learning-evoked immediate early gene products in specific brain regions involved in cognition. Importantly, acute and chronic treatments with α5IA do not induce any convulsant or anxiogenic effects that are associated with GABA-A antagonists or non-selective inverse agonists of the GABA-A-benzodiazepine receptors. Finally, chronic treatment with α5IA did not induce histological alterations in the brain, liver and kidney of mice. Our results suggest that non-convulsant α5-selective GABA-A inverse agonists could improve learning and memory deficits in DS individuals.
Hexavalent Chromium Extraction from Soils: Evaluation of an Alkaline Digestion Method (1994)

Abstract The accurate quantification of total Cr(VI) in soils is relevant to human health concerns because Cr(VI) is significantly more toxic than Cr(III). Hot alkaline solution has been shown to extract soluble and insoluble forms of Cr(VI) from soils, but incomplete recovery of Cr(VI) spikes and the oxidation of soluble Cr(III) spikes in certain soils have been suggested as method deficiencies. A laboratory method study was performed to (i) test the method's accuracy, (ii) understand the soil chemical processes responsible for poor Cr(VI) spike recoveries, and (iii) develop definitive interpretations for Cr(VI) spike recovery data. Test results for >1500 field soil samples and the method study of eight diverse soil materials demonstrated dissolution of soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) spikes and the method's reliability for Cr(VI) characterization. Complete dissolution of K 2 CrO 4 , BaCrO 4 , and PbCrO 4 spikes confirmed the extraction of soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) forms. Ancillary soil chemical parameters, including oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) (reported herein as E h ), pH, S 2− , and total organic C were quantified and interpreted to explain poor Cr(VI) spike recoveries. Highly reducing samples yielded 0% Cr(VI) spike recoveries, as predicted from E h ‐pH relationships, and unspiked soil samples contained no detectable Cr(VI). In soils containing Cr(VI) and in most aerobic soils without native Cr(VI), acceptable Cr(VI) spike recoveries were obtained. Ancillary parameter characterization demonstrated that strongly reducing samples cannot maintain Cr(VI) laboratory matrix spikes. Correct interpretation of poor Cr(VI) spike recovery data should avoid labeling these data as unacceptable method results without ancillary parameter characterization of such samples.
IL4-10 Fusion Protein Is a Novel Drug to Treat Persistent Inflammatory Pain (2016)

The treatment of chronic pain is a major clinical and societal challenge. Current therapies to treat persistent pain states are limited and often cause major side effects. Therefore, novel analgesic treatments are urgently needed. In search of a novel drug to treat chronic pain, we developed a fusion protein consisting of two prototypic regulatory cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL4) and IL10. The work presented in this manuscript shows that this IL4-10 fusion protein overcomes some major therapeutic limitations of pain treatment with individual cytokines. The IL4-10 fusion protein induces full resolution of persistent inflammatory pain in two different mouse models. These novel findings are significant, as they highlight the IL4-10 fusion protein as a long-needed potential new drug to stop persistent pain states.
An EM algorithm for convolutive independent component analysis (2003)

We address the problem of blind separation of convolutive mixtures of spatially and temporally independent sources modeled with mixtures of Gaussians. We present an EM algorithm to compute maximum likelihood estimates of both the separating filters and the source density parameters, whereas, in the state-of-the-art, separating filters are usually estimated with gradient descent techniques. The use of the EM algorithm, as opposed to the usual gradient descent techniques, does not require the empirical tuning of a learning rate, and thus can be expected to provide a more stable convergence. Besides, we show how multichannel autoregressive spectral estimation techniques can be used in order to initialize the EM algorithm properly. We demonstrate the efficiency of our EM algorithm together with the proposed initialization scheme by reporting on simulations with artificial mixtures.