gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration Window Position Estimation in TR Receivers (2005)

Transmitted-reference (TR) receivers avoid the stringent synchronization requirements that exist in conventional pulse detection schemes. However, the performance of such receivers is highly sensitive to precise timing acquisition and tracking as well as the length of their integration window. This window in TR receivers defines the limits of the finite integrator prior to the final decision making block. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that allows us to extract the timing information of the integration window very accurately in UWB-TR receivers in the presence of channel noise. The principles of the method are presented and the BER performance of a modified UWB-TR receiver is investigated by computer simulation. Our studies show that the proposed estimation technique adds value to the conventional TR receiver structure with modest increase in complexity.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Phenoxyphenyl Alkoxyiminoacetamide Derivatives (1998)

種々のアルコキシイミノフェニル酢酸アミド誘導体を合成し, それらの殺菌活性における加構造と活性相関について調べた. その結果, アルコキシイミノ部はメトキシイミノ体で, 酢酸アミド部はモノメチルアミド体の活性が最も高く, フェニル酢酸アミド部のベンゼン環は ortho 位に無置換のフェノキシ基が導入された化合物が最も活性が高かった. メトキシイミノ部の幾何異性体間ではたE-体の方がZ-体より活性が高かった. 以上の結果より, (E)-2-メトキシイミノ-N-メチル-2-(2-フェノキシフェニル) アセトアミドを開発候補剤として選抜した. 本化合物は抗菌スペクトラムが広く, 浸透移行性に優れ予防効果も治療効果も認められる. イネいもち病に対しては茎葉散布および水面施用で有効である.
Using Radial Bond Segmented Waveforms to Evaluate Cement Sheath at Varying Depths of Investigation (2015)

Abstract The radial bond tool consists of multiple receivers normally 2 to 3 ft from the source in addition to the standard 3 to 5 ft of receiver spacing. The standard interpretation from these tools consists of 6 to 8 amplitude measurements presented as either curves or as an image, indicating circumferential cement to casing bond. Evaluating bond quality of the annular space between casing and formation has been extremely difficult using existing logging tools and interpretation techniques. The discussed technique processes segmented waveforms in an innovative way, providing additional circumferential cement bond information at varying depths of investigation in annular space. A new method of interpretation has been applied to the cement bond log (CBL) waveform that examines the peaks and troughs of the waveform to help determine the cement bond between the casing and formation. The interpretation provides up to four different amplitude curves at different depths of investigation in the annular space. Applying the same methodology to the segmented waveforms, but with additional steps, allows the circumferential bond to be determined between the casing and formation. Depending on the length of the segmented waveforms, these annular shells can extend from the casing to the formation, and can be corrected for the relative bearing of the tool. The example is a standard cement evaluation immediately above and below the surface casing shoe, with a washout immediately below the casing shoe. Both the raw and advanced cement evaluation revealed poor bond in the washout region. With the new processing of the radial waveforms, a channel in the annular space was shown to extend almost all the way to the surface, which is not visible using standard interpretation techniques. Using older standard evaluation techniques, the channel would have been missed or incorrectly evaluated. The use of the radial shell technique provided accurate interpretation of the annular space between the casing and formation. Standard interpretation of radial bond data does not include use of segmented waveforms. With this new processing technique, not only are the segmented waveforms used, but the annular space is broken into regions or circumferential shells, which can be further evaluated. These shells allow evaluation between the casing and formation, and allow a more accurate and complete evaluation of the cement sheath. This can help provide a more precise assessment of wellbore integrity and help prevent loss of the wellbore attributed to cement and or casing failure.
Photonic crystals: controlling spectral, spatial and reciprocal properties of light (2005)

We show that photonic crystals can be used to stop, store, and time-reverse light pulses; to suppress diffraction and enable remarkable reflection properties at interfaces; and to create non - reciprocal devices that are extremely compact.
<title>An all-reflective wide-angle flat-field telescope for space</title> (1984)

An all-reflective wide-angle flat-field telescope (WAFFT) designed and built at Goddard Space Flight Center demonstrates the remarkedly improved wide-angle imaging capability which can be achieved with a design based on a recently announced class of unobscured 3-mirror optical systems. Astronomy and earth observation missions in space dictate the necessity or preference for wide-angle all-reflective systems which can provide UV through IR wavelength coverage and tolerate the space environment. Our initial prototype unit has been designed to meet imaging requirements suitable for monitoring the ultraviolet sky from space. The unobscured f/4, 36 mm e.f.l. system achieves a full 20° x 30° field of view with resolution over a flat focal surface that is well matched for use with advanced ultraviolet image array detectors. Aspects of the design and fabrication approach, which have especially important bearing on the system solution, are reviewed; and test results are compared with the analytic performance predictions. Other possible applications of the WAFFT class of imaging system are briefly discussed. The exceptional wide-angle, high quality resolution, and very wide spectral coverage of the WAFFT-type optical system could make it a very important tool for future space research.
Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillusspecies (2004)

Abstract Background Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium that is used in the biotechnology industry to manufacture enzymes, antibiotics, biochemicals and consumer products. This species is closely related to the well studied model organism Bacillus subtilis , and produces an assortment of extracellular enzymes that may contribute to nutrient cycling in nature. Results We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome which comprises a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with an average size of 873 bp, seven rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans , and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs. Conclusions Despite the unmistakable organizational similarities between the B. licheniformis and B. subtilis genomes, there are notable differences in the numbers and locations of prophages, transposable elements and a number of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolic pathway operons that distinguish these species. Differences include a region of more than 80 kilobases (kb) that comprises a cluster of polyketide synthase genes and a second operon of 38 kb encoding plipastatin synthase enzymes that are absent in the B. licheniformis genome. The availability of a completed genome sequence for B. licheniformis should facilitate the design and construction of improved industrial strains and allow for comparative genomics and evolutionary studies within this group of Bacillaceae.
Classification and selective collection of individual aerosol particles using laser-induced fluorescence (2008)

We describe the development and performance evaluation of a system for optical interrogation, subsequent selection, and collection of individual aerosol particles entrained in an inlet air stream. Elastic scatter and laser-induced fluorescence obtained from single particles on-the-fly provide compositional information for classification criteria. Individual particles could then be selectively electrically charged and captured to a conductive substrate with an electric potential. The optical subsystem also includes a novel two-beam velocimeter to provide accurate downstream timing. Good overall quantitative performance values are reported for particles in the size range of 1-8 microm at mean rates up to 4 kHz.
Numerical And Experimental Evaluations Of Multilayer Mirror For Soft X-Rays (1989)

For the wavelength region from 24A to 44A, selection of materials used for the multi-layer mirror was done by computer simulation. The multilayers of Si02/Ni were produced by the ion beam sputtering method and evaluated by the C-K line, experimentally. In order to analyze scattering in the region of 0 ~ λ comparisons between the experimental results, and the solutions of Beckmann's theory and Extinction theory were done.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for the creation of an MGAT1 deficient CHO cell line to control HIV-1 vaccine glycosylation (2018)

Abstract Over the last decade multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bN-mAbs) to the HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120, have been described. Surprisingly many of these recognize epitopes consisting of both amino acid and glycan residues. Moreover, the glycans required for binding of these bN-mAbs are early intermediates in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. This type of glycosylation substantially alters the mass and net charge of HIV envelope (Env) proteins compared to molecules with the same amino acid sequence but possessing mature, complex (sialic acid containing) carbohydrates. Since cell lines suitable for biopharmaceutical production that limit N-linked glycosylation to mannose-5 (Man 5 ) or earlier intermediates are not readily available, the production of vaccine immunogens displaying these glycan dependent epitopes has been challenging. Here we report the development of a stable suspension adapted CHO cell line that limits glycosylation to Man 5 and earlier intermediates. This cell line was created using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and contains a mutation that inactivates the gene encoding Mannosyl (Alpha-1,3-)-Glycoprotein Beta-1,2-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1). Monomeric gp120s produced in the MGAT1 - CHO cell line exhibit improved binding to prototypic glycan dependent bN-mAbs directed to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) and the V3 stem (e.g. PGT128 and 10–1074) while preserving the structure of the important glycan independent epitopes (e.g. VRC01). The ability of the MGAT1-CHO cell line to limit glycosylation to early intermediates in the N-linked glycosylation pathway, without impairing the doubling time or ability to grow at high cell densities, suggest that it will be a useful substrate for the biopharmaceutical production of HIV-1 vaccine immunogens.
The Significance of Degenerate Processes to Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis Reactions Promoted by Stereogenic-at-Mo Complexes (2009)

The present study provides spectroscopic and experimental evidence demonstrating that degenerate metathesis is critical to the effectiveness of this emerging class of chiral catalysts. Isolation and X-ray characterization of both diastereomeric complexes, as well as an examination of the reactivity and enantioselectivity patterns exhibited by such initiating neophylidenes in promoting ring-closing metathesis processes, are disclosed. Only when sufficient amounts of ethylene are generated and inversion at Mo through degenerate processes occurs at a sufficiently rapid rate is high enantioselectivity achieved, irrespective of the stereochemical identity of the initiating alkylidene (Curtin-Hammett kinetics). With diastereomeric metal complexes that undergo rapid interconversion, stereomutation at the metal center becomes inconsequential, and stereoselective synthesis of a chiral catalyst is not required.
Tin-117m-labeled stannic (Sn.sup.4+) chelates (1985)

The radiopharmaceutical reagents of this invention and the class of Tin-117m radiopharmaceuticals are therapeutic and diagnostic agents that incorporate gamma-emitting nuclides that localize in bone after intravenous injection in mammals (mice, rats, dogs, and rabbits). Images reflecting bone structure or function can then be obtained by a scintillation camera that detects the distribution of ionizing radiation emitted by the radioactive agent. Tin-117m-labeled chelates of stannic tin localize almost exclusively in cortical bone. Upon intravenous injection of the reagent, the preferred chelates are phosphonate compounds, preferable, PYP, MDP, EHDP, and DTPA. This class of reagents is therapeutically and diagnostically useful in skeletal scintigraphy and for the radiotherapy of bone tumors and other disorders.
Development of a Fiber Delivered Laser Ignition System for Natural Gas Engines (2006)

Laser ignition is viewed as a potential future technology for advanced high-efficiency low-emission natural gas engines. However, in order to make laser ignition systems more practical, thereby enabling them to transition from the laboratory to industrial settings, there is a need to develop fiber optically delivered ignition systems. Recent work at Colorado State University has shown the possibility of using coated hollow fibers for spark delivery and has demonstrated laser ignition and operation of a single engine cylinder using hollow fiber delivery. In order to practically operate a multiple cylinder engine, we envisage a simple and low-cost system based upon a single laser source being delivered (“multiplexed”) through multiple fibers to multiple engine cylinders. In this paper, we report on the design, development, and initial bench-top testing of a multiplexer. Bench-top testing showed that the multiplexer can be positioned with the required accuracy and precision for launching into fiber optics, and can be switched at the relatively high switching rates needed to operate modern natural gas engines. Another test employed the multiplexer to alternately launch laser pulses into a pair of hollow fibers in a way that allows spark creation downstream of the fibers.
Lessons Learned in Evaluating Stimulation Effectiveness after a Decade of Microseismic Monitoring (2012)

Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing has developed from a niche technology a decade ago into an invaluable tool to constrain fracture characteristics. We review the evolution of microseismic monitoring from a viewpoint of data collection and data analysis to the incorporation of microseismic parameters to constrain and validate reservoir models. The use of advanced processing and analysis techniques such as Seismic Moment Tensor Inversion (SMTI) have promoted the accuracy of complex Discreet Fracture Network (DFN) models. This in turn has greatly improved the predictive capabilities of reservoir simulators. Compared to simplistic models using only the event location cloud, the better knowledge of the DFN provides better constrains on the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) and Stimulated Reservoir Area (SRA).
An Energy Packet Switch for Digital Power Grids (2018)

We propose the design and electrical description of an energy packet switch for forwarding and delivery of energy in digital power grids in this paper. The proposed switch may receive energy from one or multiple power sources in the form of energy packets, store them and aggregate the contained energy, and forward the accumulated energy to requesting loads connected to one or multiple output ports of the switch. Energy packets are discrete amounts of energy that are associated in- or out-of-band with an address and other metadata. Loads receive these discrete amounts of finely-controlled energy rather than discretionary amounts after. The control and management of the proposed switch are based on a request-grant protocol. Using energy packets helps to manage the delivery of power in a reliable, robust, and function form that may enable features not yet available in the present power grid. The switch, as any element of a digital grid, uses a data network for the transmission of these requests and grants. The energy packet switch may be the centerpiece for creating infrastructure in the realization of the digital power grid. The design of the energy packet switch is based on shared supercapacitors to shape and manage discretization of energy. We introduce the design and analysis of the electrical properties of the proposed switch and describe the procedure used in the switch to determine the amount of energy transmitted to requesting loads.
Avermectins, New Family of Potent Anthelmintic Agents: Isolation and Chromatographic Properties (1979)

The avermectins, a family of new anthelmintic agents, were isolated from the mycelia of Streptomyces avermitilis. Four closely related major components and four homologous minor components were separated from the complex. Solvent extraction, solvent partition, and adsorption methods were used to isolate and purify the complex; novel partition chromatography systems using Sephadex LH-20 were used to separate the components. A reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay for the quantitative determination of all components was used extensively to monitor the purification methods.
MixApart: decoupled analytics for shared storage systems (2012)

Data analytics and enterprise applications have very dif-ferent storage functionality requirements. For this rea-son, enterprise deployments of data analytics are on a separate storage silo. This may generate additional costs and inefficiencies in data management, e.g., whenever data needs to be archived, copied, or migrated across si-los. We introduce MixApart, a scalable data processing framework for shared enterprise storage systems. With MixApart, a single consolidated storage back-end man-ages enterprise data and services all types of workloads, thereby lowering hardware costs and simplifying data management. In addition, MixApart enables the local storage performance required by analytics through an in-tegrated data caching and scheduling solution. Our pre-liminary evaluation shows that MixApart can be 45% faster than the traditional ingest-then-compute workflow used in enterprise IT analytics, while requiring one third of storage capacity when compared to HDFS. 1
Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model (2021)

(1) Background: <i>Artemia salina</i> is a brine shrimp containing high concentrations of dinucleotides, molecules with properties for dry eye treatment. For this reason, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the artificial tears based on an extract of <i>Artemia salina</i> in a rabbit dry eye model. (2) Methods: A prospective and randomized study was carried out. Twenty rabbits were divided into 4 groups (<i>n</i> = 5, each group): healthy rabbits, dry eye rabbits, dry eye rabbits treated with hypromellose (HPMC), and dry eye rabbits treated with <i>Artemia salina</i>. Dry eye was induced by the topical instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride. The measurements were performed before and after the treatment for 5 consecutive days. (3) Results: The topical instillation of artificial tears containing <i>Artemia salina</i> showed beneficial effects on tear secretion, tear break-up time, corneal staining, the density of Goblet cells, heigh of mucin cloud secreted by these cells, and mRNA levels of IL-1β and MMP9 in conjunctival cells. Compared with the HPMC, there was a statistically significant improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the <i>Artemia salina</i> in all the variables under study, except for the conjunctival hyperemia, density of Goblet cells, and mRNA levels of IL-6. (4) Conclusions: The potential of artificial tears based on <i>Artemia salina</i> as a secretagogue agent for dry eye treatment was confirmed, opening the door for future clinical trials and studies to extrapolate the findings for dry eye patients.
Basilar Invagination and Atlantoaxial Dislocation: Reduction, Deformity Correction and Realignment Using the DCER (Distraction, Compression, Extension, and Reduction) Technique With Customized Instrumentation and Implants (2019)

Occipito-C2 pseudo-joints are important in determining the severity of BI. Asymmetrical pseudo-joint causes coronal/neck tilt. Type of pseudo-joint can strategize by DCER. Customized instruments and implants make technique safe, effective and easier.
Plant Adaptation to Acid Soils: The Molecular Basis for Crop Aluminum Resistance (2015)

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a significant limitation to crop production worldwide, as approximately 50% of the world's potentially arable soil is acidic. Because acid soils are such an important constraint to agriculture, understanding the mechanisms and genes conferring resistance to Al toxicity has been a focus of intense research interest in the decade since the last article on crop acid soil tolerance was published in this journal. An impressive amount of progress has been made during that time that has greatly increased our understanding of the diversity of Al resistance genes and mechanisms, how resistance gene expression is regulated and triggered by Al and Al-induced signals, and how the proteins encoded by these genes function and are regulated. This review examines the state of our understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular bases for crop Al tolerance, looking at the novel Al resistance genes and mechanisms that have been identified over the past ten years. Additionally, it examines how the integration of molecular and genetic analyses of crop Al resistance is starting to be exploited for the improvement of crop plants grown on acid soils via both molecular-assisted breeding and biotechnology approaches.
Carbon Backbone Topology of the Metabolome of a Cell (2012)

The complex metabolic makeup of a biological system, such as a cell, is a key determinant of its biological state providing unique insights into its function. Here we characterize the metabolome of a cell by a novel homonuclear (13)C 2D NMR approach applied to a nonfractionated uniformly (13)C-enriched lysate of E. coli cells and determine de novo their carbon backbone topologies that constitute the "topolome". A protocol was developed, which first identifies traces in a constant-time (13)C-(13)C TOCSY NMR spectrum that are unique for individual mixture components and then assembles for each trace the corresponding carbon-bond topology network by consensus clustering. This led to the determination of 112 topologies of unique metabolites from a single sample. The topolome is dominated by carbon topologies of carbohydrates (34.8%) and amino acids (45.5%) that can constitute building blocks of more complex structures.