gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Selenoprotein M (SELM) over-expression on human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry (2014)

Selenium is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance to human healthy and exerts its biological function through selenoproteins. In particular, Selenoprotein M (SELM) is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and contains the common redox motif of cysteine-X-X-selenocysteine type. It attracts great attention due to its high expression in brain and its potential roles as antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cytosolic calcium regulator. Recently, our group found SELM over-expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. In this report some paraffin-embedded tissues from liver biopsy of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis and HCC were immunohistochemically stained and SELM expression scoring was evaluated. Our results evidence for the first time an increase of SELM expression in HCC liver tissues, and its gradual expression raise associated with an increased malignancy grade. Therefore, we propose to use i) SELM as putative marker for HCC as well as ii) simple immunohistochemistry technique to distinguish between the different grades of malignancy.
Micro-pages (2010)

Power consumption and DRAM latencies are serious concerns in modern chip-multiprocessor (CMP or multi-core) based compute systems. The management of the DRAM row buffer can significantly impact both power consumption and latency. Modern DRAM systems read data from cell arrays and populate a row buffer as large as 8 KB on a memory request. But only a small fraction of these bits are ever returned back to the CPU. This ends up wasting energy and time to read (and subsequently write back) bits which are used rarely. Traditionally, an open-page policy has been used for uni-processor systems and it has worked well because of spatial and temporal locality in the access stream. In future multi-core processors, the possibly independent access streams of each core are interleaved, thus destroying the available locality and significantly under-utilizing the contents of the row buffer. In this work, we attempt to improve row-buffer utilization for future multi-core systems. The schemes presented here are motivated by our observations that a large number of accesses within heavily accessed OS pages are to small, contiguous "chunks" of cache blocks. Thus, the co-location of chunks (from different OS pages) in a row-buffer will improve the overall utilization of the row buffer contents, and consequently reduce memory energy consumption and access time. Such co-location can be achieved in many ways, notably involving a reduction in OS page size and software or hardware assisted migration of data within DRAM. We explore these mechanisms and discuss the trade-offs involved along with energy and performance improvements from each scheme. On average, for applications with room for improvement, our best performing scheme increases performance by 9% (max. 18%) and reduces memory energy consumption by 15% (max. 70%).
Acoustic Method for Synchronization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (2008)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of moving organs requires synchronization with physiological motion or flow, which dictate the viable window for data acquisition. To meet this challenge, this study proposes an acoustic gating device (ACG) that employs acquisition and processing of acoustic signals for synchronization while providing MRI compatibility, immunity to interferences with electro-magnetic and acoustic fields and suitability for MRI at high magnetic field strengths. The applicability and robustness of the acoustic gating approach is examined in a pilot study, where it substitutes conventional ECG-gating for cardiovascular MR. The merits and limitations of the ACG approach are discussed. Implications for MR imaging in the presence of physiological motion are considered including synchronization with other structure- or motion borne sounds.
Mixed-signal circuit testing-A review (2002)

Testing and fault diagnosis are two important aspects in the design and maintenance of mixed-signal circuits. To enhance testability and fault diagnosability, both design-for-testability (DFT) and built-in self-test (BIST) techniques have been successfully developed for digital circuits. This paper reviews the development of these techniques in analog circuits and discusses the future challenges in both fault diagnosis and testing.
Individual Trip Destination Estimation in a Transit Smart Card Automated Fare Collection System (2007)

The Smart Card Automated Fare Collection (SCAFC) system is an Intelligent Transportation System that is becoming increasingly popular among transit operators. In addition to fare control, the data collected by these systems can be very useful in transit planning. Many SCAFC systems store the location where the passenger boarded due to the positioning device carried onboard; however, in most systems alighting locations are not validated and, thus, not stored in databases. This article presents a model to estimate the destination location for each individual boarding a bus with a smart card. Experiments carried out with a database programming approach show that the data must be thoroughly validated and corrected prior to the estimation process. The first application of the model provided a success rate of 66% for destination estimation, reaching about 80% at peak hours. Further research will tackle the issues of error detection, correction, and link results, comparing them with those of other data sources.
Relative value units: from A to Z, Part 4. (2003)

The previous three articles in this series discussed relative value unit (RVU) basics and touched on some of the more practical applications of RVUs for managing a medical practice. 1-3 This fourth and final article illustrates the what, why, when, where and how of benchmarking RVUs. Benchmarking is often defined as a standard of measurement or evaluation, but in its truest sense, it is the ongoing process of establishing a standard of excellence and comparing activities to that standard. Health care has yet to establish true benchmarks, but it does have performance indicators for better-performing practices based on several criteria.
Short-Term Skin Preservation at 4 ??C: Skin Storage Configuration and Tissue-to-Volume Medium Ratio (1988)

This study was designed to examine the effect of the storage configuration of skin and the ratio of tissue-to-storage medium on the viability of skin stored under refrigeration. Human skin specimens were stored in four physical configurations in RPMI 1640 tissue culture media at 4 degrees C. Skin was transferred to surgically created defects on nude mice after specific storage intervals. Grafts were examined grossly and microscopically after ten days. In the rolled configuration, on storage day 15, the viability of the outside of the roll was significantly better than the inside (P less than 0.01). The graft viability of the outside of the skin rolls was similar for both tissue-to-media ratios as well as for both free-floating configurations (P = 0.27). These findings suggest the optimum cold storage configuration is free floating, and 300 cm2/100 mL is an appropriate skin surface area to volume media ratio. This proportion of tissue to media is in agreement with the minimum ratio currently recommended by the Skin Council of the American Association of Tissue Banks.
<i>KEAP1</i> Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Therapeutic NRF2 Activation in Primary Human T Lymphocytes (2018)

Oxidant stress modifies T lymphocyte activation and function. Previous work demonstrated that murine T cell-specific kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (<i>Keap1</i>) deletion enhances antioxidant capacity and protects from experimental acute kidney injury. In this study, we used CRISPR technology to develop clinically translatable human T cell-specific <i>KEAP1</i> deletion. Delivery of <i>KEAP1</i> exon 2 specific Cas9:guide RNA in Jurkat T cells led to significant (∼70%) editing and upregulation of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes NADPH dehydrogenase quinone 1 (<i>NQO1</i>) (up to 11-fold), heme oxygenase 1 (<i>HO1</i>) (up to 11-fold), and <i>GCLM</i> (up to 2-fold). In primary human T cells, delivery of <i>KEAP1</i> exon 2 target site 2-specific ATTO 550-labeled Cas9:guide RNA edited <i>KEAP1</i> in ∼40% cells and significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) increased <i>NQO1</i> (16-fold), <i>HO1</i> (9-fold), and <i>GCLM</i> (2-fold) expression. To further enrich <i>KEAP1</i>-edited cells, ATTO 550-positive cells were sorted 24 h after electroporation. Assessment of ATTO 550-positive cells showed <i>KEAP1</i> editing in ∼55% cells. There was no detectable off-target cleavage in the top three predicted genes in the ATTO 550-positive cells. Gene expression analysis found significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) higher expression of <i>NQO1</i> mRNA in ATTO 550-positive cells compared with control cells. Flow cytometric assessment showed increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) frequency of CD4-, CD25-, and CD69-expressing <i>KEAP1</i> edited cells whereas frequency of CD8- (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and IL-17- (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) expressing cells was reduced compared with control cells. Similar experimental conditions resulted in significant <i>KEAP1</i> editing, increased antioxidant gene expression, and frequency of CD69 and IL-10 positive cells in highly enriched <i>KEAP1</i>-edited regulatory T cells. <i>KEAP1</i>-edited T cells could potentially be used for treating multiple human diseases.
Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration and Magnetic Field in Micro-EDM Milling of Nonmagnetic Material (2014)

Abstract Micro-electric discharge milling (μ-EDM milling) is one of the micromachining processes which draw the attention of researchers in fabricating microcavities and microchannels. Improving the efficiency of this process remains challenging. There are publications that report the benefits of applying ultrasonic vibration to tool or workpiece and using magnetic fields to enhance debris removal. In almost all the literature, magnetic field and/or ultrasonic vibration were applied separately in micro-/macro-EDM. The aim of this study is to apply ultrasonic vibration and magnetic field simultaneously/separately, and compare the machining performance by analyzing material removal rate and tool wear rate (TWR) while fabricating microchannels on nonmagnetic materials using μ-EDM milling. From the results, it is recommended to use magnetic field or ultrasonic vibrations separately for achieving high MRR, but the combination of both gave poor results. Keywords: MagneticMicro-EDMMicrochannelMRRTungstenTWRUltrasonic vibration Notes Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/lmmp.
First results obtained with an impedance meter developed for the diagnosis of large Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel-Cell stacks (2009)

A novel architecture of impedance spectrometer is developed in order to diagnose large proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell stacks. The new device allows also impedance measurements of individual cells located in the middle of stacks, where common mode potentials are usually too high for commercial impedance meters. This capability allows highlighting any singular cell behaviors or drift effects due to operational physical parameters (stack temperature, reactant flows...). First characterization and validation of the diagnosis instrument have been done using the results obtained with a commercial spectrometer.
29.9 A 4×4 Distributed Multi-Layer Oscillator Network for Harmonic Injection and THz Beamforming with 14dBm EIRP at 416GHz in a Lensless 65nm CMOS IC (2020)

Integrated high-power THz arrays with beamforming ability can enable new applications in communication, sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy [1]. However, due to the limited power-generation capability of a single source above the device f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> [2], efficient spatial power combining from multiple coherent sources becomes necessary to generate mW level of power. To create this 2D array of distributed frequency and phase-locked sources, prior works have shown central LO-signal distribution with local harmonic upconversion [3]. However, this requires high power consumption in the LO distribution. In addition, phase-matching with PVT variations across the sources at the harmonic-radiating THz frequency can be quite challenging. A small Δθ perturbation at the fundamental frequency translates to NΔθ at the radiated N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic, thus corrupting the array beam pattern. Another method to synchronize multiple distributed radiating sources (λ/2 spaced at Nfo) is through a mutual coupling network with active/passive elements in a coupled oscillator array [4], [5]. However, the locking range in these methods is typically narrow (Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">locking</sub> ~ f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /20 to f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /10) and PVT variations can easily cause desynchronization. In such a network, each cell is a self-sustaining oscillator, and the coupling network tries to establish injection signals to force synchronization between these individual free-running oscillators. In this paper, we used a 2D oscillating network with negative G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> (-G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) cells at each node that do not oscillate individually but only collectively, establishing a robust frequency and phase distribution network across the chip for high THz-power generation. By making this network as the lowest layer, we can now separate the locking mechanism and the power-generation sources. This avoids loading and sub-optimal operation of the power sources. The distributed oscillating network at the lowest layer operates at 69.3GHz, and multi-layer local harmonic generation produces a radiated power of -3dBm and +14dBm EIRP at 416GHz in a 4×4 array.
Ferroelectric thin films XII : symposium held December 1-4, 2003, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2004)

This book, first published in 2004, offers scientific and technological information on ferroelectric thin films from an international mix of academia, industry and government organizations. Presentations focus on the expanding scientific understanding of, and significant progress in, ferroelectric device technology, along with continuing developments in novel oxide materials. Advances presented on high-density ferroelectric nonvolatile memories (FeRAMs) include issues of materials integration, metal oxide electrodes utilization, the effect of stress on capacitors, and long-term reliability. Impressive developments in the integration of ferroelectric thin films on silicon are addressed in a joint section with Symposium E, Fundamentals of Novel Oxide/ Semiconductor Interfaces. Special emphasis is placed on heterostructures of silicon substrates and oxide thin films, and on the thermal stability of these interfaces. Topics include: fundamentals of ferroelectric thin films - emphasis on strain; fundamentals of ferroelectric thin films - emphasis on characterization and domains; oxide films processing; ferroelectric films; dielectric films applications; ferroelectric films for memories; gate dielectrics and functional oxides in silicon; and piezoelectric, optical and pyroelectric applications.
Alzheimer's disease in the UK: comparative evidence on cost of illness and volume of health services research funding (2001)

Alzheimer's disease imposes a high economic burden. However, spending on research is disproportionately low compared with spending on other major illnesses. In the light of these two findings we recommend further discussion of the distribution of public funding for research into this disease.
Nucleotide sequence of the <i>murE</i> gene of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the murE gene encoding the diaminopimelic acid adding enzyme of Escherichia coli is reported. The coding region consisted of 1413 base pairs and was separated from the ftsI (penicillin-binding protein 3) gene by 61 base pairs. The deduced primary structure of MurE comprised 471 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 50.6 kilodaltons.
Alternative source of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament: a new treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2016)

In light of the achieved results, transplantation of hPDLSCs may represent a putative novel and helpful tool for multiple sclerosis treatment. These cells could have considerable implication for future therapies for multiple sclerosis and this study may represent the starting point for further investigations.
Current Topics in Wireless & Mobile ATM Networks: QoS Control, IP Support and Legacy Integration (2005)

This paper presents a selection of current topics related to emerging wireless and mobile ATM network technologies. A brief summary of wireless ATM system architecture and related radio access layer and “M” UNI/NNI protocols is given in the introductory section. As technical approaches for these radio access and mobile network protocols are now entering the convergence phase, we identify several systems-oriented issues that need to be addressed next for efficient and flexible use of the mobile/wireless ATM networking platform. Specific topics discussed include: (1) Quality-of-service (QoS) control in wireless ATM systems; (2) Interworking with legacy wireless services such as GSM and IS-95/136; and (3) IP support alternatives such as IP-over-mobile ATM, IP switching (Ipsofacto), and IP routing over WATM link layer.
Protein expression in mammalian cells : methods and protocols (2012)

Through all of the recent progress provided by high throughput DNA sequencing technologies, it has become clearer and clearer that the study of proteins and protein organelles will be the key to unlocking our ability to manipulate cells and intervene in human disease. In Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field present a compendium of vital techniques to further our knowledge of mammalian protein expression. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and concise, Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols will aid scientists seeking to delve deeper into our own biology through the medium of other mammalian cells and proteins
<i>k</i>‐space correction of eddy‐current‐induced distortions in diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (2005)

This paper describes a method for correcting eddy-current (EC)-induced distortions in diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI). First, reference measurements of EC fields within the EPI acquisition window are performed for DW gradient pulses applied separately along each physical axis of the gradient set and for a range of gradient amplitudes. EC fields caused by the DW gradients of the DW-MRI protocol are then calculated using the reference EC measurements. Finally, these calculated fields are used to correct the respective DW-EPI raw (k-space) data during image reconstruction. The technique was implemented in a small-bore MRI scanner with no digital preemphasis. It corrected EC-induced image distortions in both phantom and in vivo brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data more effectively than commonly used image-based techniques. The method did not increase imaging time, since the same reference EC measurements were used to correct data acquired from different phantoms, subjects, and DTI protocols. Because of the simplicity of the reference EC measurements, the method can easily be implemented in clinical scanners.
Advanced methods for repeatable runout compensation [disc drives (1995)

This paper presents and compares experimental results from two types of periodic disturbance compensation methods. The repeatable runout (RRO) cancellation techniques studied in this paper are adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) and repetitive control. Two modifications (phase advance and a feedthrough term) to the basic AFC structure are also studied experimentally. Of the AFC methods, the feedthrough technique is superior, but the repetitive controller provides better RRO rejection. Overall it is found that the removal of repeatable runout improved the tracking precision by as much as 53%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of the crystal growth of a (15,17,1) vicinal plane on a Si(110) surface using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (1994)

High-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the crystal growth of a (15,17,1) vicinal plane on a Si(110) surface, and the dynamic behavior of surface Si atoms at high temperature was directly observed. It was found that an impurity hillock, which may be SiC on the surface, pins step flows and bunches them together to form a vicinal plane such as (17,15,1), (17,15,1̄), (15,17,1), and (15,17,1̄) at 710 °C. The vicinal plane has a faceted structure and is formed by a periodic arrangement of monolayer steps and has a terrace of 2.5 nm in the 〈111〉 direction. The step-edge direction is 〈112〉. At 695 °C, it was also found that the 16 structure was formed on a flat area. It was confirmed that the 16 structure and the vicinal plane (15,17,1) coexisted in a temperature range of about 700 °C to room temperature.
The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe (2011)

Our cost model revealed that brain disorders overall are much more costly than previously estimated constituting a major health economic challenge for Europe. Our estimate should be regarded as conservative because many disorders or cost items could not be included because of lack of data.