gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An<i>In Vitro</i>Model of Parkinson's Disease: Linking Mitochondrial Impairment to Altered α-Synuclein Metabolism and Oxidative Damage (2002)

Chronic systemic complex I inhibition caused by rotenone exposure induces features of Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats, including selective nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and formation of ubiquitin- and alpha-synuclein-positive inclusions (Betarbet et al., 2000). To determine underlying mechanisms of rotenone-induced cell death, we developed a chronic in vitro model based on treating human neuroblastoma cells with 5 nm rotenone for 1-4 weeks. For up to 4 weeks, cells grown in the presence of rotenone had normal morphology and growth kinetics, but at this time point, approximately 5% of cells began to undergo apoptosis. Short-term rotenone treatment (1 week) elevated soluble alpha-synuclein protein levels without changing message levels, suggesting that alpha-synuclein degradation was retarded. Chronic rotenone exposure (4 weeks) increased levels of SDS-insoluble alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin. After a latency of >2 weeks, rotenone-treated cells showed evidence of oxidative stress, including loss of glutathione and increased oxidative DNA and protein damage. Chronic rotenone treatment (4 weeks) caused a slight elevation in basal apoptosis and markedly sensitized cells to further oxidative challenge. In response to H2O2, there was cytochrome c release from mitochondria, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis, all of which occurred earlier and to a much greater extent in rotenone-treated cells; caspase inhibition provided substantial protection. These studies indicate that chronic low-grade complex I inhibition caused by rotenone exposure induces accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin, progressive oxidative damage, and caspase-dependent death, mechanisms that may be central to PD pathogenesis.
Sensors, cameras, and applications for digital photography : 27-28 January 1999, San Jose, California (1999)

This text presents 16 papers on sensors, cameras, and applications for digital photography.
The Histopathology of Mammographie Patterns (1978)

No significant correlation between the types of histologic alteration and various mammographic densities as described by Wolfe was found in specimen mammograms from 50 patients with cancer of the breast and a similar number with fibrocystic disease except for a greater incidence of fibrous mazoplasia in the "highest-risk" densities designated DY. This information is inconsistent with prevailing views that relate such risk for the development of mammary cancer to proliferative fibrocystic disease, vis-à-vis epithelial rather than stromal proliferation. This observation does not necessarily mitigate claims of risk attendant with various mammographic patterns, but indicates the need for further evaluation of this stromal alteration as a discriminant in this regard.
Kiwifruit Protects Against Oxidative DNA Damage in Human Cells and In Vitro (2001)

Antioxidant micronutrients may account for the beneficial effects of fruits on human health. A direct demonstration that consumption of fruit decreases oxidative DNA damage in human cells would support this hypothesis. Kiwifruit was taken as an example of a food with putative antioxidant properties, and its effectiveness at decreasing oxidative DNA damage was assessed in ex vivo as well as in vitro tests. The comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) was used to measure DNA damage in lymphocytes collected during a human supplementation trial with a single 0.5-liter drink of kiwifruit juice (with water as a control). The comet assay was also modified to assess the antioxidant effect of kiwifruit in vitro by measuring the ability of an extract to interfere with oxidative damage to DNA induced by H2O2. Ex vivo, consumption of kiwifruit led to an increased resistance of DNA to oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in isolated lymphocytes, in comparison with lymphocytes collected after a control drink of water. No effect was seen on endogenous DNA damage. In vitro, a simple extract of kiwifruit, buffered to pH 7, was more effective than a solution of vitamin C (of equivalent concentration) at protecting DNA from damage, whereas at the highest concentrations tested, neither kiwi extract nor vitamin C had a protective effect. We have demonstrated significant antioxidant activity of kiwifruit ex vivo and in vitro, not attributable entirely to the vitamin C content of the fruit. Our dual approach is appropriate for testing other fruit and vegetable products for potential antioxidant effects.
A randomized controlled trial using surgical gloves to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy by paclitaxel in breast cancer patients (AIUR trial) (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05771974; Registered on March 16, 2023.
PPARγ activation, by reducing oxidative stress, increases NO bioavailability in coronary arterioles of mice with Type 2 diabetes (2004)

We tested the hypothesis that short-term treatment of mice with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with rosiglitazone (ROSI), an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, ameliorates the impaired coronary arteriolar dilation by reducing oxidative stress via a mechanism unrelated to its effect on hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Control and Type 2 DM (db/db) mice were treated with ROSI (3 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 7 days, which did not significantly affect their serum concentration of glucose and insulin. Compared with controls, in db/db mice serum levels of 8-isoprostane and dihydroethydine-detectable superoxide production in carotid arteries were significantly elevated and were reduced by ROSI treatment. In coronary arterioles (diameter, approximately 80 microm) isolated from db/db mice, the reduced dilations to ACh, the nitric oxide (NO) donor NONOate, and increases in flow were significantly augmented either by in vitro administration of apocynin, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H-oxidase, or by in vivo ROSI treatment, responses that were then significantly reduced by the NO synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. In aortas of db/db mice, activity of SOD and catalase was reduced, whereas NAD(P)H oxidase activity was enhanced. ROSI treatment enhanced catalase and reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity but did not affect the activity of SOD. These findings suggest that ROSI treatment enhances NO mediation of coronary arteriolar dilations due to the reduction of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide production and enhancement of catalase activity. Thus, in addition to the previously revealed beneficial metabolic effects, the antioxidant action of rosiglitazone may protect coronary arteriolar function in Type 2 DM.
[Comparative study on effects of rutin and quercetin on metabolism in osteoblast cells]. (2006)

Rutin showed less activity than quercetin on bone formation in ROB cells in vitro. Therefore the mechanism that some foods and traditional Chinese medicine containing rutin can prevent and treat osteoporosis is that its metaboite in vivo can promote bone formation in ROB cells.
Testing for resistive open defects in FPGAs (2003)

This paper presents a new technique for detecting resistive open defects in FPGAs. This technique is based on the reconfigurability feature of FPGAs. Using this technique, the delay of a defective path is increased several times more than the delay of the fault-free path, resulting in a higher resolution in detectability of resistive open defects in FPGAs, even at lower tester speed. Various detailed SPICE simulations are performed to validate this method. Also, a test configuration generation scheme is presented for the entire FPGA.
Multifunctional Initiators for the Ruthenium-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate:  Di- and Trifunctional Dichloroacetates for Synthesis of Multiarmed Polymers (1998)

Bi- and trifunctional dichloroacetates were synthesized from the corresponding multifunctional alcohols or phenols and then employed as multifunctional initiators for the living radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate mediated by RuCl2(PPh3)3 in the presence of aluminum compounds such as Al(OiPr)3 and Al(acac)3 (acac: acetylacetonate). All these systems led to living polymerizations. However, the systems with Al(OiPr)3 involved partial transesterification of the ester units in the initiators, which resulted in the formation of a monofunctional initiator. In contrast, new systems with Al(acac)3 did not induce such transesterification and produced the multiarmed living polymers. 1H NMR analysis showed that polymers obtained with the di- and trifunctional esters possessed almost two and three arms, respectively, along with controlled molecular weights and their narrow distributions.
Safety Evaluation of Robenidine in the Feed of Broiler Chickens (1974)

Robenidine is a new anticoccidial agent effective at 30 g. per ton in feed. Three floor-pen trials were conducted in which the performance of broiler chickens fed rations containing 30, 60, 150, 180 or 300 g. robenidine per ton of feed from one day to 56 days of age was compared with nonmedicated chickens. The continuous feeding of robenidine at levels up to six times the recommended use level had no adverse effects on body weight gains, feed conversion or livability. Growth depression and reduced feed efficiency were observed at the highest level (300 g./ton), ten times the recommended use level when compared with chickens fed the basal ration. No adverse effects were observed based on gross and histopathologic data comparing medicated and control chickens.
Value Function Based Production Scheduling (1998)

Production scheduling, the problem of sequentially configuring a factory to meet forecasted demands, is a critical problem throughout the manufacturing industry. The requirement of maintaining product inventories in the face of unpredictable demand and stochastic factory output makes standard scheduling models, such as job-shop, inadequate. Currently applied algorithms, such as simulated annealing and constraint propagation, must employ ad-hoc methods such as frequent replanning to cope with uncertainty. In this paper, we describe a Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation of production scheduling which captures stochasticity in both production and demands. The solution to this MDP is a value function which can be used to generate optimal scheduling decisions online. A simple example illustrates the theoretical superiority of this approach over replanning-based methods. We then describe an industrial application and two reinforcement learning methods for generating an approximate value function on this domain. Our results demonstrate that in both deterministic and noisy scenarios, value function approximation is an effective technique.
Intracellular Pathway for the Generation of Functional MHC Class II Peptide Complexes in Immature Human Dendritic Cells (1998)

Binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules occurs in the endocytic pathway. From previous studies in B lymphocytes, it is believed that most but not all of the newly synthesized MHC-II molecules are directly targeted from the trans-Golgi network to endosomal compartments. By using pulse-chase metabolic labeling followed by cell surface biotinylation, we show here that in contrast to an EBV-transformed B cell line and human monocytes, the majority of newly synthesized MHC-II molecules (at least 55 +/- 13%) are first routed to the plasma membrane of dendritic cells derived from human monocytes. They reach the cell surface in association with the invariant chain (Ii), a polypeptide known to target MHC-II to the endosomal/lysosomal system. Following rapid internalization and degradation of Ii, these alphabeta Ii complexes are converted into alphabeta-peptide complexes as shown by their SDS stability. These SDS-stable dimers appear as soon as 15 to 30 min after internalization of the alphabeta Ii complexes. More than 80% of alphabeta dimers originating from internalized alphabeta Ii complexes are progressively delivered to the cell surface within the next 2 h. Depolymerization of microtubules, which delays the transport to late endosomal compartments, did not affect the kinetics of conversion of surface alphbeta Ii into SDS-stable and -unstable alphabeta dimers. Altogether, these data suggest that newly liberated class II alphabeta heterodimers may bind peptides in different compartments along the endocytic pathway in dendritic cells derived from human monocytes.
Convex 1-D Total Variation Denoising with Non-convex Regularization (2014)

Total variation (TV) denoising is an effective noise suppression method when the derivative of the underlying signal is known to be sparse. TV denoising is defined in terms of a convex optimization problem involving a quadratic data fidelity term and a convex regularization term. A non-convex regularizer can promote sparsity more strongly, but generally leads to a non-convex optimization problem with non-optimal local minima. This letter proposes the use of a non-convex regularizer constrained so that the total objective function to be minimized maintains its convexity. Conditions for a non-convex regularizer are given that ensure the total TV denoising objective function is convex. An efficient algorithm is given for the resulting problem.
Expression and function of B7‐1 (CD80) and B7‐2 (CD86) on human epidermal Langerhans cells (1996)

In addition to T cell receptor triggering, activation of T cells requires costimulatory signals that have been shown to be mainly initiated through CD28. We analyzed the expression and function of the two ligands for CD28, B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), on human Langerhans cells (LC), the antigen-presenting cells from epidermis. Human LC freshly isolated from epidermis (fLC) expressed significant level of B7-2, which was increased upon a short culture in vitro. In contrast, B7-1 was undetectable on fLC but appeared at the cell surface after a 3-day culture in vitro. Pre-incubation of 18-h cultured LC with anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAB) was sufficient to abrogate the binding of CTLA4-Ig fusion protein, while a combination of both mAB against B7-1 and B7-2 was necessary to obtain a complete inhibition of CTLA4-Ig binding on 3-day cultured LC, showing the absence of a third CTLA4 ligand. The function of B7-1 and B7-2 on human LC has been analyzed by adding mAb at the beginning of mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reactions. Anti-B7-2 mAb and CTLA4-Ig, but not anti-B7-1 mAb, strongly inhibited allogenic. as well as recall antigen-induced T cell proliferation supported by fLC or 3-day cultured LC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that B7-2 is the major ligand for CD28/CTLA4 at the LC surface and that it plays a crucial role in human LC co-stimulatory function with little, if any, dependence of B7-1 expression.
Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy and safety of oltipraz, a liver X receptor alpha‐inhibitory dithiolethione in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2017)

Twenty-four-week oltipraz treatment significantly reduced the liver fat content in patients with NAFLD. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01373554).
A monolithic high-speed sample-and-hold amplifier for digital audio (1983)

A monolithic high-speed sample-and-hold amplifier is described which has an acquisition time of 1.5 /spl mu/s to 0.001% for a 10-V step and an aperture uncertainty of less than 0.5 ns. Distortion is 0.001% over the audio band, while in an A/D and D/A converter loop a signal-to-noise ratio better than 90 dB is measured. Chip size is 1.5/spl times/2.5 mm/SUP 2/.
A novel classification method for predicting acute hypotensive episodes in critical care (2014)

An Acute Hypotensive Episode (AHE) is the sudden onset of a period of sustained low blood pressure and is one of the most critical conditions in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Without timely medical care, it can lead to irreversible organ damage and death. By identifying patients at risk for this complication, adequate medical intervention can save lives and improve patient outcomes.
Potential of quantum computing for drug discovery (2018)

Quantum computing has rapidly advanced in recent years due to substantial development in both hardware and algorithms. These advances are carrying quantum computers closer to their impending commercial utility. Drug discovery is a promising area of application that will find a number of uses for these new machines. As a prominent example, quantum simulation will enable faster and more accurate characterizations of molecular systems than existing quantum chemistry methods. Furthermore, algorithmic developments in quantum machine learning offer interesting alternatives to classical machine learning techniques, which may also be useful for the biochemical efforts involved in early phases of drug discovery. Meanwhile, quantum hardware is scaling up rapidly into a regime where an exact simulation is difficult even using the world’s largest supercomputers. We review how these recent advances can shift the paradigm with which one thinks about drug discovery, focusing on both the promises and caveats associated with each development. In particular, we highlight how hybrid quantum-classical approaches to quantum simulation and quantum machine learning could yield substantial progress using noisy-intermediate scale quantum devices, whereas fault-tolerant, error-corrected quantum computers are still in their development phase.
Combined Intravenous and Intra-Arterial Recanalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Interventional Management of Stroke Study (2004)

A randomized trial of standard IV rt-PA as compared with a combined IV and IA approach is needed.
Jacobi-like algorithms for eigenvalue decomposition of a real normal matrix using real arithmetic (2002)

In this paper, we introduce a method for designing efficient Jacobi-like algorithms for eigenvalue decomposition of a real normal matrix. The algorithms use only real arithmetic and achieve ultimate quadratic convergence. A theoretical analysis is conducted and some experimental results are presented.
Strain‐ageing in silver chloride II. The effect of temperature on the representative curve (1984)

Abstract The effects of change of temperature on the representative curve of strain ageing in silver chloride are described. At 77 K and above about 390 K, the material shows recovery only on strain-ageing; between 273 and 384 K the material shows periods of hardening and softening. The activation energy for the major hardening process is 0–40 ± 0.01 eV. Recovery takes place in essentially two stages and, at 77 K, the results are interpreted as showing that the basic mechanism for the second stage of recovery in silver chloride is the climb of edge components of dislocations.
Thermal Analysis of Duplex Three-Phase Induction Motor Under Fault Operating Conditions (2013)

This paper describes a thermal model for a duplex three-phase induction machine for fault-tolerant applications. The three- and six-phase variations of the duplex three-phase machine operation under fault conditions are considered. Different winding configurations are investigated. Thermal analysis is performed using analytical and finite-element models. An experimental validation is presented for load operating conditions.
Characterization of insertion sequence IS946, an Iso-ISS1 element, isolated from the conjugative lactococcal plasmid pTR2030 (1990)

The self-transmissible plasmid pTR2030 mobilized nonconjugative heterologous cloning vectors pGK12 (Cmr Emr) and pSA3 (Emr) at frequencies of 10(-5) to 10(-6) per input donor. Transconjugants harbored a 51- or 58-kilobase (kb) plasmid not found in the parental strains that cotransferred at high frequency with Cmr Emr and pTR2030-encoded phage resistance (Hsp+) in second-round matings (10(-1) per input donor). Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA-DNA hybridization identified the 51- to 58-kb plasmids as pTR2030::vector cointegrates. Examination of four cointegrates indicated that pGK12 and pSA3 had inserted within two locations on pTR2030. Resolution of the cointegrates generated vector derivatives containing a 0.8-kb insert of pTR2030 DNA. Restriction analyses of several resolution plasmids indicated that the 0.8-kb element had inserted into various positions within pGK12 and pSA3 and in certain cases had inactivated the Cmr or Emr marker of pGK12. A conjugative mobilization assay demonstrated that the 0.8-kb element, designated IS946, mediated transpositional recombination. Nucleotide sequence determination identified IS946 as an 808-base-pair (bp) insertion sequence sharing ca. 96% homology with lactococcal insertion sequence ISS1. IS946 differed by 27 and 31 bp from ISS1S and ISS1T, respectively, and in 2 of 226 amino acids in the deduced sequence of the putative transposase. IS946 has perfect 18-bp terminal inverted repeats, identical to ISS1, and similarly generated 8-bp direct repeats of the target site upon insertion.
High Thermal Stability Nanocrystalline Gold Part I. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Synchrotron photoemission investigation of the initial stages of fluorine attack on Si surfaces: Relative abundance of fluorosilyl species (1984)

The nature of fluorosilyl species existing on silicon surfaces during the initial stages of fluorine attack has been investigated with use of high-resolution soft-x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. In this study, several different silicon surfaces [Si(111)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), Si(111)-(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7), Si(100)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), and silicon rendered amorphous by argon-ion bombardment] were exposed to fluorine via the dissociative chemisorption of Xe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. For fluorine coverages in the monolayer regime we observed Si $2p$ levels chemically shifted by approximately 1, 2, and 3 eV corresponding, respectively, to Si${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$, Si${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and Si${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. The relative abundance of the specific fluorosilyl species varied significantly among the different silicon surfaces. Recent experiments indicate atomic fluorine is the primary agent in reactive ion etching (RIE) of silicon by ${\mathrm{CF}}_{4}$/${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ plasmas. Based on such experiments several reaction models hypothesizing the existence of specific surface fluorosilyl species have been proposed, although no direct evidence for any of these surface species has been presented. The results presented here provide the first direct measurement of the composition and relative abundance of the fluorosilyl species remaining on silicon surfaces after exposure to fluorine.
An epigenetically distinct breast cancer cell subpopulation promotes collective invasion (2015)

Tumor cells can engage in a process called collective invasion, in which cohesive groups of cells invade through interstitial tissue. Here, we identified an epigenetically distinct subpopulation of breast tumor cells that have an enhanced capacity to collectively invade. Analysis of spheroid invasion in an organotypic culture system revealed that these "trailblazer" cells are capable of initiating collective invasion and promote non-trailblazer cell invasion, indicating a commensal relationship among subpopulations within heterogenous tumors. Canonical mesenchymal markers were not sufficient to distinguish trailblazer cells from non-trailblazer cells, suggesting that defining the molecular underpinnings of the trailblazer phenotype could reveal collective invasion-specific mechanisms. Functional analysis determined that DOCK10, ITGA11, DAB2, PDFGRA, VASN, PPAP2B, and LPAR1 are highly expressed in trailblazer cells and required to initiate collective invasion, with DOCK10 essential for metastasis. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, expression of these 7 genes correlated with poor outcome. Together, our results indicate that spontaneous conversion of the epigenetic state in a subpopulation of cells can promote a transition from in situ to invasive growth through induction of a cooperative form of collective invasion and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of trailblazer cell invasion may help prevent metastasis.