gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4, 5, and 6 produced in yeast. (1992)

The insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family comprises six structurally distinct, but highly homologous proteins. They have been identified in serum and other biological fluids, tissue extracts, and cell culture media. We have recently cloned cDNAs encoding human IGFBP-4, -5, and -6 and have now expressed these BPs in yeast as ubiquitin (Ub)-IGFBP fusion proteins. Western ligand blotting with 125I-IGF II under nonreducing conditions of recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-containing yeast lysates revealed specific binding bands for IGFBP-4, -5, and -6 at apparent molecular masses of 24-26, 30-32, and 24-26 kDa, respectively, indicating processing of the fusion proteins. High-performance liquid chromatography-purified rhIGFBPs had virually the same amino acid composition, amino acid number, and NH2-terminal sequences as the native BPs. Except for the affinity of rhIGFBP-6 for IGF I (Ka = 8.5 x 10(8) M-1), the affinity constants of the three IGFBPs for IGF I and II lie between 1.7 and 3.3 x 10(10) M-1, i.e. 25-100 times higher than the IGF I and II affinities of the type I IGF receptor. When present in excess, rhIGFBP-4, -5, and -6 inhibited IGF I- and II-stimulated DNA and glycogen synthesis in human osteoblastic cells, but rhIGFBP-6 had only a weak inhibitory effect on IGF I in agreement with its relatively lower IGF I affinity constant. The results of this study show that the primary effect of the three rhIGFBPs is the attenuation of IGF activity and suggest that IGFBPs contribute to the control of IGF-mediated cell growth and metabolism.
A liquid crystal adaptive lens (1981)

Creation of an electronically controlled liquid crystal lens for use as a focusing mechanism in a multi-element lens system or as an adaptive optical element is analyzed. Varying the index of refraction is shown to be equivalent to the shaping of a solid refracting material. Basic characteristics of liquid crystals, essential for the creation of a lens, are reviewed. The required variation of index of refraction is provided by choosing appropriate electrode voltages. The configuration required for any incoming polarization is given and its theoretical performance in terms of modulation transfer function derived.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Oxygen-Containing Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of HCV NS3 Protease (2009)

HCV infection is considered a silent epidemic because most people infected do not develop acute symptoms. Instead, the disease progresses to a chronic state leading to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Novel therapies are needed to combat this major health threat. The HCV NS3 serine protease has been the target of continuous investigation because of its pivotal role in viral replication. Herein, we present the P1-P3 macrocyclization approach followed for identification of HCV NS3 inhibitors as potential backup candidates to our first generation drug candidate, Sch 503034 (1). Different P1-P3 linkers were investigated to identify novel macrocyclic scaffolds. SAR exploration of P3-caps in the macrocyclic cores allowed the identification of l-serine derived macrocycle 32 (Ki* = 3 nM, EC90 = 30 nM) and allo-threonine derived macrocycle 36 (Ki* = 3 nM, EC90 = 30 nM) as potent HCV NS3 protease inhibitors.
Label-free ferrohydrodynamic cell separation of circulating tumor cells (2017)

A size-based ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (FCS) device capable of enriching intact circulating tumor cells with high throughput and high recovery rate.
Initiative in Collaborative Interactions m Its Cues and Effects (1997)

In naturally-occurring collaborative dialogues, the participants often share the responsibility of taking initiative in the dialogue. Thus, in order for a system to interact with human agents in a natural and coherent fashion, it must be able to recognize and provide cues when shifts in initiative are intended, and to take initiative into account in interpreting user utterances and in generating responses to such utterances. In this paper, we argue that it is necessary to distinguish between task initiative, which indicates the agent who is currently actively involved in planning toward accomplishing the agents’ task, and dialogue initiative, which indicates the agent who has the lead in determining the current discourse focus. We identify a set of cues which may indicate changes in initiative that can be inferred based on linguistic and domain knowledge alone, and show how these cues can be used to determine the distribution of task and dialogue initiatives at the end of each dialogue tum. In addition, we show that the effects of task and dialogue initiatives on the dialogue system’s response generation process are twofold: they determine which subcomponents of the dialogue system may be selected to address the problem of response generation, and they affect what the selected subcomponent will include in its response to the user’s utterances.
Perspective: 4D ultrafast electron microscopy—Evolutions and revolutions (2016)

In this Perspective, the evolutionary and revolutionary developments of ultrafast electron imaging are overviewed with focus on the "single-electron concept" for probing methodology. From the first electron microscope of Knoll and Ruska [Z. Phys. 78, 318 (1932)], constructed in the 1930s, to aberration-corrected instruments and on, to four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy (4D UEM), the developments over eight decades have transformed humans' scope of visualization. The changes in the length and time scales involved are unimaginable, beginning with the micrometer and second domains, and now reaching the space and time dimensions of atoms in matter. With these advances, it has become possible to follow the elementary structural dynamics as it unfolds in real time and to provide the means for visualizing materials behavior and biological functions. The aim is to understand emergent phenomena in complex systems, and 4D UEM is now central for the visualization of elementary processes involved, as illustrated here with examples from past achievements and future outlook.
Epothilones – A fascinating family of microtubule stabilizing antitumor agents (2008)

In October 2007 the first epothilone derivative has received FDA approval for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This event forms the background of this review which tries to highlight the historical development of the epothilones, namely their discovery, biosynthesis, fermentation, total synthesis, semisynthetic derivatives and clinical trials.
Arc Spraying for the Production of Multi-Component Zinc Anodes for Corrosion Protection of Concrete Structures (2000)

Abstract Structural damage in concrete structures caused by corrosion is widespread and demand comprehensive repair work. The additional installation of an active corrosion protective systems for structures being located in unfavourable conditions is imperative. Thermally sprayed coatings serving as anode have been adapted from the cathodic protection of steel. These systems have gained attention as they offer advantages in efficiency and lower cost. Thermally sprayed zinc coatings are applied to new steel reinforced concrete structures or those which are subject to re-structuring. In this contribution, the capability of various systems is examined by field tests in a marine structure and in different laboratory tests under natural and under accelerated conditions.
Joint Erasure Marking and Viterbi Decoding Algorithm for Unknown Impulsive Noise Channels (2008)

In many real-world communication systems, the extent of non-Gaussian impulsive noise (IN) rather than Gaussian noise poses practical limits on the achievable system performance. The decoding of IN-corrupted signals is complicated by the fact that accurate IN statistics are typically unavailable at the receiver. Without exploiting the IN statistics, the conventional method is to try to mark the IN-corrupted symbols as erasures preceding a Euclidean metric based decoder. In this work, a novel joint erasure marking and Viterbi algorithm (JEVA) is proposed to decode the convolutionally coded data transmitted over an unknown impulsive noise channel. Based on the Bernoulli-Gaussian IN model, it is empirically demonstrated that JEVA not only can offer significant performance improvement over the conventional separate erasure marking and Viterbi decoding method, but also can almost achieve the optimal performance of the maximum likelihood decoder that fully exploits the perfect knowledge of the IN probability density function. Various implementations of JEVA are proposed to provide different performance-complexity trade-offs.
Simultaneous Fingerprint and High-Wavenumber Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Enhances Early Detection of Cervical Precancer In Vivo (2012)

Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique capable of nondestructively probing endogenous biomolecules and their changes associated with dysplastic transformation in the tissue. The main objectives of this study are (i) to develop a simultaneous fingerprint (FP) and high-wavenumber (HW) confocal Raman spectroscopy and (ii) to investigate its diagnostic utility for improving in vivo diagnosis of cervical precancer (dysplasia). We have successfully developed an integrated FP/HW confocal Raman diagnostic system with a ball-lens Raman probe for simultaneous acquistion of FP/HW Raman signals of the cervix in vivo within 1 s. A total of 476 in vivo FP/HW Raman spectra (356 normal and 120 precancer) are acquired from 44 patients at clinical colposcopy. The distinctive Raman spectral differences between normal and dysplastic cervical tissue are observed at ~854, 937, 1001, 1095, 1253, 1313, 1445, 1654, 2946, and 3400 cm(-1) mainly related to proteins, lipids, glycogen, nucleic acids and water content in tissue. Multivariate diagnostic algorithms developed based on partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) together with the leave-one-patient-out, cross-validation yield the diagnostic sensitivities of 84.2%, 76.7%, and 85.0%, respectively; specificities of 78.9%, 73.3%, and 81.7%, respectively; and overall diagnostic accuracies of 80.3%, 74.2%, and 82.6%, respectively, using FP, HW, and integrated FP/HW Raman spectroscopic techniques for in vivo diagnosis of cervical precancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further confirms the best performance of the integrated FP/HW confocal Raman technique, compared to FP or HW Raman spectroscopy alone. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that the simultaneous FP/HW confocal Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be a clinically powerful tool for improving early diagnosis and detection of cervical precancer in vivo during clinical colposcopic examination.
Samarium/Cobalt Magnets (1985)

Intrinsic magnetic coercivities of samarium cobalt magnets made to approach theoretical limit of 350 kA/m by carefully eliminating oxygen from finished magnet by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). HIP process viable alternative to currently used sintering process.
Replay compilation (2006)

The performance of Java has been tremendously improved by the advance of Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation technologies. However, debugging such a dynamic compiler is much harder than a static compiler. Recompiling the problematic method to produce a diagnostic output does not necessarily work as expected, because the compilation of a method depends on runtime information at the time of compilation.In this paper, we propose a new approach, called replay JIT compilation , which can reproduce the same compilation remotely by using two compilers, the state-saving compiler and the replaying compiler . The state-saving compiler is used in a normal run, and, while compiling a method, records into a log all of the input for the compiler. The replaying compiler is then used in a debugging run with the system dump, to recompile a method with the options for diagnostic output. We reduced the overhead to save the input by using the system dump and by categorizing the input based on how its value changes. In our experiment, the increase of the compilation time for saving the input was only 1%, and the size of the additional memory needed for saving the input was only 10% of the compiler-generated code.
Aqueous Manganese Dioxide Ink for Paper‐Based Capacitive Energy Storage Devices (2015)

Abstract We report a simple approach based on a chemical reduction method to synthesize aqueous inorganic ink comprised of hexagonal MnO 2 nanosheets. The MnO 2 ink exhibits long‐term stability and continuous thin films can be formed on various substrates without using any binder. To obtain a flexible electrode for capacitive energy storage, the MnO 2 ink was printed onto commercially available A4 paper pretreated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 1035 F g −1 (91.7 mF cm −2 ). Paper‐based symmetric and asymmetric capacitors were assembled, which gave a maximum specific energy density of 25.3 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 81 kW kg −1 . The device could maintain a 98.9 % capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles at 4 A g −1 . The MnO 2 ink could be a versatile candidate for large‐scale production of flexible and printable electronic devices for energy storage and conversion.
Digital holographic microscopy with pure-optical spherical phase compensation (2011)

Telecentric architecture is proposed for circumventing, by the pure-optical method, the residual parabolic phase distortion inherent to standard configuration of digital holographic microscopy. This optical circumvention produces several important advantages. One is that there is no need for computer compensation of the parabolic phase during the phase map recovering procedure. The other is that in off-axis configuration, the spatial frequency useful domain is enlarged. The validity of the method is demonstrated by performing quantitative measurement of depth differences with high axial resolution.
A Demonstration of EFAB™ as a Fundamental Shift in the Way Microdevices Are Manufactured (2002)

The authors introduce the EFAB™ manufacturing process originally invented at the University of Southern California and currently being commercialized by MEMGen Corporation. They discuss its significant recent evolution as an alternative to conventional microdevice manufacturing technologies, suggest a range of geometries and applications that are enabled by this process, and develop the case that EFAB represents a fundamental shift in the way the microdevices are manufactured.
Characteristics of the Hollow Anode Ion-Electron Source (1985)

A new type of ion-electron source based on a hollow anode discharge is presented. In such a type of discharge the maximum plasma density is localized at the exit aperture. Constant hydrogen ion current in excess of 1 mA has been obtained with the 1 mm diam. exit aperture and the extraction voltage of 3 kV.
Rigid biimidazole ancillary ligands as an avenue to bright deep blue cationic iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes (2014)

Herein we report the synthesis and optoelectronic characterisation of three deep blue-emitting cationic iridium complexes, of the form [Ir(dFppy)(2)(N^N)]PF(6), bearing biimidazole-type N^N ancillary ligands (dFppyH = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine). Complex 1 contains the parent biimidazole, biim, while 2 contains a dimethylated analog, dMebiim, and 3 contains an ortho-xylyl-tethered biimidzole, o-xylbiim. We explore a strategy of tethering the biimidazole in order to rigidify the complex and increase the photoluminescent quantum yield, culminating in deep blue (λ(max): 457 nm in MeOH at 298 K) ligand-centered emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of 68% and microsecond emission lifetime. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the origin of such disparate excited state kinetics across this series, especially in light of virtually identical optoelectronic properties observed for these compounds.
Reactions and Bonding Between Glasses and Titanium (1987)

Hermetic seals between titanium and both silicate and alkaline earth boroaluminate glasses have been made. Mechanical testing of pin-seal configurations indicate that the boroaluminate glass seals are at least 50% stronger than the silicate glass seals. To explain these differences, the interfacial chemistries of the two systems were characterized by a number of techniques, including x-ray photoelectron spectroscoy (XPS). Titanium-silicide and titanium-boride phases were found, respectively, at the silicate- and boroaluminate-titanium interfaces. Thermochemical calculations were done to describe the redox conditions necessary to produce the interfacial reaction products. We find that the rapid development of a relatively thick silicide interfacial phase adversely affects the strength of a silicate glass-titanium seal, while the formation of a thinner boride phase does not affect the properties of the boroaluminate glass seals. 11 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
The Effects of Synthetic α-Subunit Peptides on Thyrotropin Interaction with its Receptor* (1988)

Synthetic peptides of the alpha-subunit of human glycoprotein hormones have been shown previously to inhibit binding of [125I]iodo-hCG to ovarian membranes, thus indicating the importance of the alpha-subunit in the structure-function relationships of the gonadotropic hormone. These same synthetic alpha-subunit peptides, the sequences of which are common to all human glycoprotein hormones, were found to inhibit the binding of [125I]iodo-TSH to human thyroid membrane preparations and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. The active portions of the subunit were represented in synthetic peptides alpha 21-35, alpha 31-45, alpha 26-46, and alpha 81-92, indicating that 2 separate sites within the alpha-subunit have binding activity for TSH. Peptides alpha 26-46 and alpha 31-45 were also found to potently inhibit the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by bovine TSH in TSH bioassay using FRTL-5 cells. Seven other synthetic peptides, including the remainder of the 92-amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit, demonstrated little or no ability to inhibit binding of the tracer or inhibit the bioactivity of intact TSH. The findings were very similar to those of previous studies involving hCG binding, except that the two active sites appeared to be somewhat shifted towards the COOH-terminal end of the subunit. These studies support the concept of the importance of the alpha-subunit in receptor binding of all glycoprotein hormones and demonstrate the utility of the overlapping synthetic peptide strategy in investigations of protein structure-function relationships.
Improving storage system availability with D-GRAID (2005)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of D-GRAID, a gracefully degrading and quickly recovering RAID storage array. D-GRAID ensures that most files within the file system remain available even when an unexpectedly high number of faults occur. D-GRAID achieves high availability through aggressive replication of semantically critical data, and fault-isolated placement of logically related data. D-GRAID also recovers from failures quickly, restoring only live file system data to a hot spare. Both graceful degradation and live-block recovery are implemented in a prototype SCSI-based storage system underneath unmodified file systems, demonstrating that powerful “file-system like” functionality can be implemented within a “semantically smart” disk system behind a narrow block-based interface.
Modulated spot heating for the measurement of thermal diffusivity (2004)

The method described in this article performs thermal diffusivity measurements on bulk materials using a modulated spot heating of the sample surface and measuring the surface temperature on the spot with an infrared detector at different modulation frequencies. Since the method is single sided and it can be performed on a bulk, it does not require the preparation of a sample. Furthermore it does not require a precise alignment nor a movement of the heating source nor of the infrared detector. The diffusivity measurement on a sample of unknown thermal diffusivity requires the knowledge of the shape of the heating and of the sensitivity profile of the infrared detector on the sample surface. This information, difficult to obtain, is not necessary in case a first measurement is performed on a reference sample of known thermal diffusivity and subsequent measurements on samples of unknown thermal diffusivity are performed by positioning them with their surface precisely in the same location as the reference one.
Piezoelectric wafer active sensors for in situ ultrasonic‐guided wave SHM (2008)

ABSTRACT In situ structural health monitoring aims to perform on‐demand interrogation of the structure to determine the presence of service‐induced damage and defects using non‐destructive evaluation ultrasonic wave methods. Recently emerged piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) have the potential to significantly improve damage detection and health monitoring. PWAS are low‐profile transducers that can be permanently attached onto the structure or inserted in between composite laminates, and can perform structural damage detection in thin‐wall structures using guided wave methods (Lamb, Rayleigh, SH, etc.). This paper describes the analytical and experimental work of using PWAS‐guided waves for in situ structural damage detection on thin‐wall structures. We begin with reviewing the guided wave theory in plate structures and PWAS principles. The mechanisms of Lamb wave excitation and detection using PWAS is presented. Subsequently, we address in turn the use of PWAS to generate Lamb waves for damage (cracks and corrosion) detection in metallic structures. Pulse‐echo, pitch‐catch, phased array and time reversal methods are illustrated demonstrating that PWAS Lamb‐waves techniques are suitable for damage detection and structural health monitoring. The last part of the paper treats analytically and experimentally PWAS excitation and tuning in composite materials. The research results presented in this paper show that in situ SHM methodologies using PWAS transducers hold the promise for more efficient, effective and timely damage detection in thin‐wall structures.
Multi-frequency reference-free fluorescence lifetime imaging using a time-of-flight camera (2014)

Multi-frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) has been demonstrated using a time-of-flight camera. Numerical fitting reveals the lifetime and depth of a fluorescent sample without the need of calibration or reference measurements. The method has potential use for decomposing multi-exponential decays in an affordable setup.
Virtual metrology: a solution for wafer to wafer advanced process control (2005)

Virtual metrology (VM) is a novel technology to predict wafer performance from tool slate variables. Virtual metrology can enable wafer to wafer control without additional real metrology.
19.3: Demystifying relaxation in the gun code algorithm (2010)

The relaxation parameter affects the convergence rate of a gun code simulation, and hence its accuracy or speed. Yet the parameter is a mystery to many gun code users. This work removes some of the relaxation parameter's mystique by providing some useful explanations and guidance derived from 1-d studies but also checked in 2-d and 3-d MICHELLE simulations. With this knowledge a user could, for example, significantly reduce the computational cost of an expensive finely-resolved 3-d sheet beam gun simulation.