gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus virus-like particles administered mucosally induce protective immunity (1997)

We have evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus subunit vaccines administered by mucosal routes. Virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by self-assembly of individual rotavirus structural proteins coexpressed by baculovirus recombinants in insect cells were the subunit vaccine tested. We first compared the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of VLPs containing VP2 and VP6 (2/6-VLPs) and G3 2/6/7-VLPs mixed with cholera toxin and administered by oral and intranasal routes in the adult mouse model of rotavirus infection. VLPs administered orally induced serum antibody and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG. The highest oral dose (100 microg) of VLPs induced protection from rotavirus challenge (> or = 50% reduction in virus shedding) in 50% of the mice. VLPs administered intranasally induced higher serum and intestinal antibody responses than VLPs administered orally. All mice receiving VLPs intranasally were protected from challenge; no virus was shed after challenge. Since there was no difference in immunogenicity or protective efficacy between 2/6- and 2/6/7-VLPs, protection was achieved without inclusion of the neutralization antigens VP7 and VP4. We also tested the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of 2/6-VLPs administered intranasally without the addition of cholera toxin. 2/6-VLPs administered intranasally without cholera toxin induced lower serum and intestinal antibody titers than 2/6-VLPs administered with cholera toxin. The highest dose (100 microg) of 2/6-VLPs administered intranasally without cholera toxin resulted in a mean reduction in shedding of 38%. When cholera toxin was added, higher levels of protection were achieved with 10-fold less immunogen. VLPs administered mucosally offer a promising, safe, nonreplicating vaccine for rotavirus.
Novel Myostatin-Specific Antibody Enhances Muscle Strength in Muscle Disease Models (2020)

Abstract Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-b superfamily, is an attractive target for muscle disease therapy because of its role as a negative regulator of muscle growth and strength. Here, we describe a novel antibody therapeutic approach that maximizes the potential of myostatin-targeted therapy. We generated an antibody, GYM329, that specifically binds the latent form of myostatin and inhibits its activation. Additionally, via “sweeping antibody technology”, GYM329 reduces or “sweeps” myostatin in the muscle and plasma. Compared with conventional anti-myostatin agents, GYM329 and its surrogate antibody exhibit superior muscle strength-improvement effects in three different mouse disease models. We also demonstrate that the superior efficacy of GYM329 is due to its myostatin specificity and sweeping capability. Furthermore, we show that a GYM329 surrogate increases muscle mass in normal cynomolgus monkeys without any obvious toxicity. Our findings indicate the potential of GYM329 to improve muscle strength in patients with muscular disorders.
Dose-dependent Blockade to Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2003)

Postnatal cardiac myocytes respond to stress signals by hypertrophic growth and activation of a fetal gene program. Recently, we showed that class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) suppress cardiac hypertrophy, and mice lacking the class II HDAC, HDAC9, are sensitized to hypertrophic signals. To further define the roles of HDACs in cardiac hypertrophy, we analyzed the effects of HDAC inhibitors on the responsiveness of primary cardiomyocytes to hypertrophic agonists. Paradoxically, HDAC inhibitors imposed a dose-dependent blockade to hypertrophy and fetal gene activation. We conclude that distinct HDACs play positive or negative roles in the control of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. HDAC inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials as anti-cancer agents. Our results suggest that these inhibitors may also hold promising clinical value as therapeutics for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Noncontact optical coherence elastography of the posterior porcine sclera <i>in situ</i> as a function of IOP (2017)

Recent work has shown that the biomechanical properties of tissues in the posterior eye have are critical for understanding the etiology and progression of ocular diseases. For instance, the primary risk for glaucoma is an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Weak tissues will deform under the large pressure, causing damage to vital tissues. In addition, scleral elasticity can influence the shape of the eye-globe, altering the axial length. In this work, we utilize a noncontact form of optical coherence elastography (OCE) to quantify the spatial distribution of biomechanical properties of the optic nerve, its surrounding tissues, and posterior sclera on the exterior of in situ porcine eyes in the whole eyeglobe configuration. The OCE measurements were taken at various IOPs to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the tissues as a function of IOP. The air-pulse induced dynamic response of the tissues was linked to Young’s modulus by a simple kinematic equation by quantified the damped natural frequency (DNF). The results show that the posterior sclera is not as stiff as the optic nerve and its surrounding tissues (~460 Hz and ~894 Hz at 10 mmHg IOP, respectively). Moreover, the scleral stiffness was generally unaffected by IOP (~460 Hz at 10 mmHg IOP as compared to ~516 Hz at 20 mmHg), whereas the optic nerve and its surrounding tissues stiffened as IOP was increased (~894 Hz at 10 mmHg to ~1221 Hz at 20 mmHg).
Vibrational dephasing time imaging by time-resolved broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2008)

Time delay control in broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) allows acquisition of time-resolved CARS images free of nonresonant background (NRB). We demonstrate that, in some cases, CARS image contrast is not chemical contrast but simply due to differences in NRB. Time-resolved CARS is used to rectify this by eliminating the NRB. We also construct a vibrational dephasing time image from a sequence of time-resolved CARS images of polystyrene beads in toluene. In doing so, we demonstrate the potential of imaging local molecular interactions between molecules and their surrounding in a structured medium.
Modified CARDO-Based Copolyimides with Improved Sour Mixed-Gas Permeation Properties (2022)

Chemical modification is an interesting tool to introduce functional groups into polymers’ backbones to tailor their properties in a desired fashion. Polymers used in membrane-based gas separation applications need to possess high gas permeability and selectivity during mixed-gas separation under harsh operational conditions of pressure and temperature. Herein, we report the modification of three copolyimides containing the moiety 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorine (CARDO) through Friedel–Crafts alkylation to introduce bulky tert-butyl groups into their backbones. Membranes prepared from the modified polymers were evaluated using pure- and sweet mixed-gas under aggressive feed pressures. Based on the promising results obtained, a selected copolyimide was subjected to sour mixed-gas separation under feed pressures up to 500 psi. Mixed-gas separation studies, especially those containing hydrogen sulfide, are of great interest to develop membranes for use in sour natural gas reserve treatment. For example, the H2S and CO2 permeability coefficients of 6FDA-Durene/6FDA-CARDO(t-Bu) at 500 psi were recorded as 456 and 238 Barrer, respectively, where the H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4 are 20.4 and 10.6, respectively. The obtained results are very promising and even superior to many glassy polymers reported previously. This work represents an example of the benefit of chemical modification on polymers to tailor their structure–property relationship. Future works will be focused on the fabrication and testing of asymmetric or composite hollow fibers to imitate the membrane modules used industrially.
NS1 Interaction with CKIIα: Novel Protein Complex Mediating Parvovirus-Induced Cytotoxicity (2006)

During a productive infection, the prototype strain of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMp) induces dramatic morphological alterations in permissive A9 fibroblasts, culminating in cell lysis at the end of infection. These cytopathic effects (CPE) result from rearrangements and destruction of the cytoskeletal micro- and intermediate filaments, while other structures such as the nuclear lamina and particularly the microtubule network remain protected throughout the infection (J. P. F. Nüesch et al., Virology 331:159-174, 2005). In order to unravel the mechanism(s) by which parvoviruses trigger CPE, we searched for NS1 interaction partners by differential affinity chromatography, using distinct NS1 mutants debilitated specifically for this function. Thereby, we isolated an NS1 partner polypeptide, whose interaction with NS1 correlated with the competence of the viral product for CPE induction, and further identified it by tandem mass spectrometry and Western blotting analyses to consist of the catalytic subunit of casein kinase II, CKIIalpha. This interaction of NS1 with CKIIalpha suggested interference by the viral protein with intracellular signaling. Using permanent cell lines expressing dominant-negative CKIIalpha mutants, we were able to show that this kinase activity was indeed specifically involved in parvoviral CPE and progeny particle release. Furthermore, the NS1/CKIIalpha complex proved to be able to specifically phosphorylate viral capsids, indicating a mediator function of NS1 for CKII activity and specificity, at least in vitro. Altogether our data suggest that parvovirus-induced CPE is mediated by NS1 interference with intracellular CKII signaling.
DEX-RAY (2009)

The system was perceived as an improved navigational experience because the augmented see-through effect allowed direct understanding of the surgical anatomy beyond the visible surface and direct guidance toward surgical targets.
Hyperspectral Imaging and Obstacle Detection for Robotics Navigation (2005)

Abstract : Recently, object detection based on hyperspectral sensors in support of autonomous robotics navigation has been of great interest. Hyperspectral sensors have been widely used for automatic target detection in military applications, mainly because a wealth of spectral information can be obtained through a large number of narrow contiguous spectral channels (often over a hundred). The main purpose of this report is to present detection techniques based on hyperspectral sensing that can effectively identify potentially harmful objects to UGV navigation. The hyperspectral detection techniques used are built on the basic premise that the spectral signatures of objects of interest are in general different than background materials, and the objects of interest can be identified from their surrounding background materials based on spectral analysis of the hyperspectral data. In this report, we first present detailed information on two hyperspectral sensors-a dual band hyperspectral imager and an acousto-optic tunable filter imager that provide hyperspectral data in the infrared and visible bands, respectively. Several anomaly detection and classification techniques newly developed by ARL are then introduced and applied to the hyperspectral data to identify potential obstacles to robotics navigation. Detection performance for each technique is included in this report.
Chitosan–nanobioactive glass electrophoretic coatings with bone regenerative and drug delivering potential (2012)

Nanocomposites with bone-bioactivity and drug eluting capacity are considered as potentially valuable coating materials for metallic bone implants. Here, we developed composite coatings of chitosan (CH)–bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGn) via cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD). BGn 50–100 nm in size with aminated surface were suspended with CH molecules at different ratios (5–20 wt% BGn) in aqueous medium, and EPD was performed. Uniform coatings with thicknesses of a few to tens of micrometers were produced, which was controllable by the EPD parameters (voltage, pH and time). Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the quantity of BGn within the coatings that well corresponded to that initially incorporated. Apatite forming ability of the coatings, performed in simulated body fluid, was significantly improved by the addition of BGn. Degradation of the coatings increased with increasing BGn addition. Of note, the degradation profile was almost linear with time; degradation of 5–13 wt% during 1 week became 30–40 wt% after 7 weeks at almost a constant rate. The CH–BGn coatings showed favorable cell adhesion and growth, and stimulated osteogenic differentiation. Drug loading and release capacity of the CH–BGn coatings were performed using the ampicillin antibiotic as a model drug. Ampicillin, initially incorporated within the CH–BGn suspension, was eluted from the coatings continuously over 10–11 weeks, confirming long-term drug delivering capacity. Antibacterial tests also confirmed the effects of released ampicillin using agar diffusion assay against Streptococcus mutants. The CH–BGn may be potentially useful as a coating composition for metallic implants due to the excellent bone bioactivity and cell responses, as well as the capacity for long-term drug delivery.
Vanadium-catalyzed selenide oxidation with in situ [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement (SOS reaction): scope and asymmetric applications (2004)

A vanadium-catalyzed method for the oxidation of prochiral aryl, allylic selenides with tandem [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement has been developed. This protocol has been screened on a series of substrates to test for its generality and effectiveness. The applicability of this methodology to the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched allylic alcohols has been studied on a series of chiral oxazole-containing systems with a diastereomeric ratio (d.r.) of up to 85 : 15. The chiral transfer observed in the allyl alcohol products is the result of a net 1,9- and/or 1,10-induction. Finally, the first example of a selenium-oxygen nonbonding interaction in oxazole-containing selenide appears to have been observed via X-ray crystal analysis.
Design of the control system for hydraulic experimental bench based on LabVIEW (2011)

Hydraulic experimental benches are indispensable in teaching process. In order to improve the experiment effect, establish the concept of hydraulic online testing, a control system was designed, which mainly consist of computer, data acquisition card (DAQ), and several sensors. The experimental software is developed on the famous virtual instrument (VI) develop platform - LabVIEW, and provides several functions such as control, measure, data saving, data processing, result show and so on. With the experimental program customized in the system, general experiments can be done under the guide of control system by man-machine interface. The experiment control system uses dynamic sensors to measure all kinds parameters in experiment process, so it is more suitable for hydraulic dynamic characteristic tests.
How developers detect and fix performance bottlenecks in Android apps (2015)

Performance of rapidly evolving mobile apps is one of the top concerns for users and developers nowadays. Despite the efforts of researchers and mobile API designers to provide developers with guidelines and best practices for improving the performance of mobile apps, performance bottlenecks are still a significant and frequent complaint that impacts the ratings and apps' chances for success. However, little research has been done into understanding actual developers' practices for detecting and fixing performance bottlenecks in mobile apps. In this paper, we present the results of an empirical study aimed at studying and understanding these practices by surveying 485 open source Android app and library developers, and manually analyzing performance bugs and fixes in their app repositories hosted on GitHub. The paper categorizes actual practices and tools used by real developers while dealing with performance issues. In general, our findings indicate that developers heavily rely on user reviews and manual execution of the apps for detecting performance bugs. While developers also use available tools to detect performance bottlenecks, these tools are mostly for profiling and do not help in detecting and fixing performance issues automatically.
Wurtzite GaN epitaxial growth on a Si(001) substrate using γ-Al2O3 as an intermediate layer (1998)

Wurtzite GaN films have been grown on (001) Si substrates using γ-Al2O3 as an intermediate layer by low pressure (∼76 Torr) metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Reflection high energy electron diffraction and double crystal x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the thin γ-Al2O3 layer of “compliant” character was an effective intermediate layer for the GaN film grown epitaxially on Si. The narrowest linewidth of the x-ray rocking curve for (0002) diffraction of the 1.3 μm GaN sample was 54 arcmin. The orientation relationship of GaN/γ-Al2O3/Si was (0001) GaN‖(001) γ-Al2O3‖(001) Si, [11–20] GaN‖[110] γ-Al2O3‖[110] Si. The photoluminescence measurement for GaN at room temperature exhibited a near band-edge peak of 365 nm (3.4 eV).
Compact bends for multi-mode photonic crystal waveguides with high transmission and suppressed modal crosstalk (2013)

We demonstrate an extremely compact bend for a photonic crystal waveguide supporting three spatial modes. The bend exhibits nearly 100% transmission over a relative bandwidth of 1% with less than 1% crosstalk. We show that our design is robust with respect to fabrication errors. Our design method is applied to create a structure consisting of dielectric rods, as well as a structure consisting of air holes in a dielectric background.
Conductance of α-Helical Peptides Trapped within Molecular Junctions (2006)

Self-assembled monolayers of alpha-helical peptides on a gold surface were employed as model systems for the investigation of mediated electron transfer. The peptides contained 14, 15, 16, and 17 amino acid residues. The measurements of electron transmission through single molecules of helical peptides were performed using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The molecules were trapped between the gold tip and the substrate. Electrical contact between the molecule and the gold probe was achieved by the use of peptides containing thiol groups present at each end of the helix. The conductance behavior of the peptides was examined as a function of tip-substrate distance at fixed bias voltage. Measurements performed with peptides containing different numbers of amino acid residues indicate that the distance dependence of electron transmission through an alpha-helix is weaker than that through simple n-alkyl bridges.
An Architecture to Facilitate Membership and Service Management in Trusted Communities (2009)

Ubiquitous connectivity today allows many users to remain connected regardless of location with various kinds of communities. This paper studies challenges in building trusted communities that encompass both new users as well as users already possessing credentials from other well known connectivity providers, federations, content providers and social networks. We postulate that trusted communities are initially created as a means to access some services, but become enriched with user created services. We present an architecture aimed at managing the complexity of service composition, access as well as guarantees of authenticity. Since users possess multiple credentials from various identity providers, we address this in our architecture from the service access perspective. In addition, our model explicitly takes into account cases where users may temporarily be granted access to a communitypsilas services based on recommendations from existing members.
Two Comparisons of the Performance of Positional Scanning and Deletion Synthesis for the Identification of Active Constituents in Mixture Combinatorial Libraries (2000)

Two libraries of 120 compounds each were prepared as individual compounds and as full mixtures. The corresponding scanning and deletion synthesis deconvolution libraries were prepared and tested (L-1210, IC(50)) alongside the individual compounds and mixture libraries. This testing, where the properties of each compound in the mixtures were known, was used to compare the performance of scanning and deletion deconvolution libraries. Each has its own intrinsic strengths, with the former being capable of identifying multiple hits at the expense of accurately identifying the most potent library member, while the latter typically is more sensitive to identifying the most potent hit but at the expense of differentiating weaker activities. The protocols complement one another and together more thoroughly identify potent library members.
Lending A Hand: Detecting Hands and Recognizing Activities in Complex Egocentric Interactions (2015)

Hands appear very often in egocentric video, and their appearance and pose give important cues about what people are doing and what they are paying attention to. But existing work in hand detection has made strong assumptions that work well in only simple scenarios, such as with limited interaction with other people or in lab settings. We develop methods to locate and distinguish between hands in egocentric video using strong appearance models with Convolutional Neural Networks, and introduce a simple candidate region generation approach that outperforms existing techniques at a fraction of the computational cost. We show how these high-quality bounding boxes can be used to create accurate pixelwise hand regions, and as an application, we investigate the extent to which hand segmentation alone can distinguish between different activities. We evaluate these techniques on a new dataset of 48 first-person videos of people interacting in realistic environments, with pixel-level ground truth for over 15,000 hand instances.
Performance Benchmarking and Analysis of Prognostic Methods for CMAPSS Datasets (2014)

International audience
Simulation of safety critical applications for automotive using multicore scheduling (2015)

Technology development has paved the way for enhancement of safety features in a car which has become an important buying factor for customers. Such enhancement demands more computing power. The Electronic Control Units with multicore architecture can be a solution. This offers parallelism which improves the response time of the system. In this paper, Electronic Stability Control and Antilock Braking Systems are the two safety critical applications considered for improving the response time through multicore implementation. Data dependencies may occur between the tasks of different cores. One way to overcome the dependencies is through the shared memory which requires inter-process communication protocols such as mail box and queues. In this paper, the mailbox is used for storing the common parameter between the two applications which is the value of brake torque for each wheel. The task set is developed for these applications and scheduled using clock-driven scheduling algorithm. The TORCHE toolbox in Matlab is used for simulating the task set in single core and multicore architectures of ECU. The simulation results indicate the significant improvement in temporal characteristics of task execution in multicore when compared with the single core implementation.