gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Power and Robust Level-Shifter with Contention Mitigation for Memory and Standalone Applications (2015)

The scaling down of transistor sizes has imposed significant challenges in today's technology. Memories such as eDRAM, are experiencing poor retention time because of challenges such as reference voltage variation, high transistor leakage, and low cell capacitance. It can be seen that we must consider not only the first order effects, but also the second order effects to ensure we keep up with current technology trends such as Moore's law. In this thesis we explore various circuit level techniques on level shifters in order to achieve better retention time. With our research, we have addressed important design challenges and propose techniques that can be utilized in current and emerging technologies.\nLevel shifters (LS) are crucial components in low-power design where the die is segregated in multiple voltage domains. LS are used at the voltage domain interfaces to mitigate sneak path current. A less-known but very important application of LS is in high voltage drivers for designs where voltage boosting is needed for performance and functionality. We first study LS in eDRAM where LS is employed in the wordline path. Our investigation reveals that leakage power of LS can pose a serious threat by lowering the wordline voltage and subsequently affecting the speed and retention time of the eDRAM. It can also be noted that the delay of the LS under worse case process corners can cause significant functional discrepancies. We propose low-power pulsed-LS with supply gating to circumvent these issues. Our analysis indicate that pulsed-LS design can improve the worst case speed from 2.7%-43%. We extended this concept to design generic self-collapsible LSs that can be used for other applications such as voltage interfaces. The self-collapsed design in both applications improved the worst case speed from 6%-24% and 89% in some cases.
Investigation of plasma distribution in electron-focused electric field enhanced glow discharge plasma immersion ion implantation (2008)

In enhanced glow discharge plasma immersion ion implantation (EGDPIII) that involves a small pointed anode and large area tabular cathode, the high negative substrate bias not only acts as the plasma producer but also supplies the implantation voltage. Consequently, an electric field is created to focus the electrons and the electron-focusing field enhances the glow discharge process. In this work, the plasma distribution is measured using a Langmuir probe to obtain the plasma density. Numerical interpolation is performed to obtain the plasma density distribution throughout the entire discharge region. The effects of different distances between the anode and cathode on the glow discharge characteristics and the influence of the plasma electron density are also evaluated. Our results experimentally verify the electron-focusing phenomenon and suggest optimal processing windows for enhanced ionization rates and efficiency in EGDPIII.
Relevancy Propagation (2007)

Abstract. SMT solvers that perform search over a large set of constraints need to maintain, update and propagate truth assignments to atomic constraints. Each new truth assignment may lead to additional constraint propagation, which depending on the constraint domain can be costly. Relevancy propagation keeps track of which truth assignments are essential for determining satisfiability of a formula. Atoms that are marked as relevant have their truth assignment propagated to theory solvers, but we can avoid propagating truth assignments for atoms that are not marked as relevant. 1
Full-Scale Implementation of the Sodium Sulfide/Ferrous Sulfate Treatment Process (1989)

Abstract : In Phase I, jar and dynamic testing showed that the sodium sulfide/ferrous sulfate process was a viable method for reducing hexavalent chromium and removing heavy metals from the Tinker AFB industrial wastewater with a significant decrease in sludge production and treatment costs. In Phase II pilot-plant field verification studies were conducted to evaluate the chemical and physical parameters of the chromium reduction process, the precipitation and clarification process, and the activated sludge system. Sludge production was evaluated and compared to the sulfuric acid/sulfur dioxide/lime process. The impact of and procedure for change-over to the sodium sulfide/ferrous sulfate process were also investigated. Metals treatment, Chromium reduction, Sulfide treatment, Metals removal, Industrial wastewater, Sludge reduction, Hazardous waste minimization. (jes)
Bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase. (2001)

Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) represents a novel form of mammalian adenylyl cyclase structurally, molecularly, and biochemically distinct from the G protein-regulated, transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs). sAC possesses no transmembrane domains and is insensitive to classic modulators of tmACs, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and P site ligands. Thus, sAC defines an independently regulated cAMP signaling system within mammalian cells. sAC is directly stimulated by bicarbonate ion both in vivo in heterologously expressing cells and in vitro using purified protein. sAC appears to be the predominant form of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in mammalian sperm, and its direct activation by bicarbonate provides a mechanism for generating the cAMP required to complete the bicarbonate-induced processes necessary for fertilization, including hyperactivated motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. Immunolocalization studies reveal sAC is also abundantly expressed in other tissues which respond to bicarbonate or carbon dioxide levels suggesting it may function as a general bicarbonate/CO(2) sensor throughout the body.
Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract. A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using the electrohypnogram (2008)

Repetitive administration of valerian/hops combinations has been widely used for self-administered therapy of sleep disturbances due to their lack of side effects. Based on the electrohypnogram – derived from a validated computer assisted automatic analysis for depth of sleep – a new approach was started following a single dose administration of verum (n=20) or placebo (n=22) to poor sleepers. Two ml of the liquid extract or placebo were diluted in 50ml water (flavoured with honey) and administered 15 minutes before EEG recording during the medication night following a polysomnographic baseline night. The time spent in sleep (values of the sleep frequency index (SFx) of the electrohypnogram beyond 74% or lower as difference between the baseline nights and the medication nights) was significantly higher for the verum group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.01). The difference in time spent asleep beyond other lower different depths of sleep (i.e. 68 or 62%) between baseline and medication night was also statistically significant at p<0.01. This new parameter correlated with the difference in quality of sleep between the two consecutive nights as derived from the sleep inventory SF-A sub-score (volunteers subjective evaluation) with r=0.48at p<0.0001. This EEG derived parameter "sleep quantity" as calculated from the electrohypnogram proved the superiority of the valerian/hops combination over placebo. Thus, the present investigation has shown evidence for a positive effect of a combined valerian/hops fluid extract on EEG derived surrogate parameters of sleep related to the quality and the restful effect of sleep.
Exploiting dual connectivity in heterogeneous cellular networks (2017)

We consider network utility maximization problems over heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) that permit dual connectivity. Dual connectivity (DC) is a feature that targets emerging practical HetNet deployments that will comprise of non-ideal (higher latency) connections between transmission nodes, and has been recently introduced to the LTE-Advanced standard. DC allows for a user to be simultaneously served by a macro node as well as one other (typically micro or pico) node and requires relatively coarser level coordination among serving nodes. For such a DC enabled HetNet we comprehensively analyze the problem of determining an optimal user association that maximizes the weighted sum rate system utility subject to per-user rate constraints, over all feasible associations. Here, in any feasible association each user can be associated with (i.e., configured to receive data from) any one macro node (in a given set of macro nodes) and any one pico node that lies in the chosen macro node's coverage area. We show that, remarkably, this problem can be cast as a non-monotone submodular set function maximization problem, which allows us to construct a constant-factor approximation algorithm. We then consider the proportional fairness (PF) system utility and characterize the PF optimal resource allocation. This enables us to construct an efficient algorithm to determine an association that is optimal up-to an additive constant. We then validate the performance of our algorithms via numerical results.
Microporous carbon coated silicon core/shell nanocomposite via in situ polymerization for advanced Li-ion battery anode material (2009)

A microporous carbon coated core/shell Si@C nanocomposite prepared by in situ polymerization exhibits a stable capacity of over 1200 mAh g(-1) with 95.6% retention even after 40 cycles, which makes it a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Low‐mass‐ion discriminant equation: A new concept for colorectal cancer screening (2013)

Blood metabolites can be detected as low-mass ions (LMIs) by mass spectrometry (MS). These LMIs may reflect the pathological changes in metabolism that occur as part of a disease state, such as cancer. We constructed a LMI discriminant equation (LOME) to investigate whether systematic LMI profiling might be applied to cancer screening. LMI information including m/z and mass peak intensity was obtained by five independent MALDI-MS analyses, using 1,127 sera collected from healthy individuals and cancer patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BRC), gastric cancer (GC) and other types of cancer. Using a two-stage principal component analysis to determine weighting factors for individual LMIs and a two-stage LMI selection procedure, we selected a total of 104 and 23 major LMIs by the LOME algorithms for separating CRC from control and rest of cancer samples, respectively. CRC LOME demonstrated excellent discriminating power in a validation set (sensitivity/specificity: 93.21%/96.47%). Furthermore, in a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) of available validation samples, the discriminating power of CRC LOME was much stronger (sensitivity/specificity: 94.79%/97.96%) than that of the FOBT (sensitivity/specificity: 50.00%/100.0%), which is the standard CRC screening tool. The robust discriminating power of the LOME scheme was reconfirmed in screens for BRC (sensitivity/specificity: 92.45%/96.57%) and GC (sensitivity/specificity: 93.18%/98.85%). Our study demonstrates that LOMEs might be powerful noninvasive diagnostic tools with high sensitivity/specificity in cancer screening. The use of LOMEs could potentially enable screening for multiple diseases (including different types of cancer) from a single sampling of LMI information.
Magnetoelectric Control of Superparamagnetism (2013)

Here we demonstrate electric-field induced magnetic anisotropy in a multiferroic composite containing nickel nanocrystals strain coupled to a piezoelectric substrate. This system can be switched between a superparamagnetic state and a single-domain ferromagnetic state at room temperature. The nanocrystals show a shift in the blocking temperature of 40 K upon electric poling. We believe this is the first example of a system where an electric field can be used to switch on and off a permanent magnetic moment.
5-Piperazinyl-3-sulfonylindazoles as Potent and Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine-6 Antagonists (2010)

As part of our efforts to develop agents for CNS diseases, we have been focused on the 5-HT(6) receptor in order to identify potent and selective ligands for cognitive enhancement. Herein we report the identification of a novel series of 5-piperazinyl-3-sulfonylindazoles as potent and selective 5-HT(6) antagonists. The synthesis, SAR, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological activities of some of the compounds including 3-(naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyl)-5-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indazole (WAY-255315 or SAM-315) will be described.
Reloadable multidrug capturing delivery system for targeted ischemic disease treatment (2016)

Human clinical trials of protein therapy for ischemic diseases have shown disappointing outcomes so far, mainly because of the poor circulatory half-life of growth factors in circulation and their low uptake and retention by the targeted injury site. The attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) extends the circulatory half-lives of protein drugs but reduces their extravasation and retention at the target site. To address this issue, we have developed a drug capture system using a mixture of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel and anti-PEG immunoglobulin M antibodies, which, when injected at a target body site, can capture and retain a variety of systemically injected PEGylated therapeutics at that site. Furthermore, repeated systemic injections permit "reloading" of the capture depot, allowing the use of complex multistage therapies. This study demonstrates this capture system in both murine and porcine models of critical limb ischemia. The results show that the reloadable HA/anti-PEG system has the potential to be clinically applied to patients with ischemic diseases, who require sequential administration of protein drugs for optimal outcomes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Right Ventricular Morphology and Function in Boxer Dogs with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (2009)

These findings could be interpreted to suggest that arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction precede the development of morphological abnormalities in dogs with ARVC.
Extraction and Sensitive Detection of Toxins A and B from the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile in 40 Seconds Using Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (2014)

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea in humans and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus the rapid and accurate identification of this pathogen in clinical samples, such as feces, is a key step in reducing the devastating impact of this disease. The bacterium produces two toxins, A and B, which are thought to be responsible for the majority of the pathology associated with the disease, although the relative contribution of each is currently a subject of debate. For this reason we have developed a rapid detection assay based on microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence which is capable of detecting the presence of 10 bacteria in unprocessed human feces within 40 seconds. These promising results suggest that this prototype biosensor has the potential to be developed into a rapid, point of care, real time diagnostic assay for C. difficile.
Numerical analysis of nematic liquid crystal alignment on asymmetric surface grating structures (2000)

Abstract The influence of an asymmetric periodic grooved cell surface on the 2D static director configuration of a nematic liquid crystal has been investigated. The minimum in the Frank-Oseen free energy was solved numerically with the Rapini-Papoular form of the surface anchoring energy at the nematic-grating interface. Results are presented for the variation of pretilt angle in the tilted bulk director field as a function of the surface groove depth, pitch and asymmetry and the bulk parameters. The simulations demonstrate the existence of two energetically degenerate high and low pretilted bulk alignment configurations. The pretilt values in these two regimes and also for the low tilt regime with finite surface anchoring are consistent with experimental results. An effective increase in the resolution of the model is obtained by using an irregular grid to describe the surface profile.
Dynamic Spectrum Refarming of GSM Spectrum for LTE Small Cells (2013)

In this paper we propose a novel solution called dynamic spectrum refarming (DSR) for deploying LTE small cells using the same spectrum as existing GSM networks. The basic idea of DSR is that LTE small cells are deployed in the GSM spectrum but suppress transmission of all signals including the reference signals in some specific physical resource blocks corresponding to a portion of the GSM carriers to ensure full GSM coverage. Our study shows that the proposed solution can provide LTE mobile terminals with high speed data services when they are in the coverage of the LTE small cells while minimally affecting the service provided to GSM terminals located within the LTE small cell coverage area. Thus, the proposal allows the normal operation of the existing GSM networks even with LTE small cells deployed in that spectrum. Though the focus of this paper is about GSM spectrum refarming, an analogous approach can be applied to reuse code division multiple access (CDMA) spectrum for LTE small cells.
Novel quaternary salts of quinoline oligomer as metal surface protective materials against acid corrosion (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel quaternary salts of quinoline oligomer as metal surface protective materials against acid corrosionLong Y. Chiang, J. W. Swirczewski, T. A. Ramanarayanan, and J. D. MumfordCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 2, 245–247Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00020a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00020a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of the 1226 (Jewish) Mutation for Gaucher's Disease by Color PCR: A Means for Studying the Gene Frequency of the Disorder (1990)

The authors applied the polymerase chain reaction- (PCR) based color complementation assay for rapid detection of the 1226 ("Jewish") mutation of the glucocerebrosidase gene. Fifty-seven unrelated patients with Gaucher's disease and 50 unrelated normal Ashkenazi Jewish volunteers were studied. This mutation was identified in more than 75% of the Jewish Gaucher's disease alleles and in 4 (8%) of the 50 normal Jewish volunteers. The reliability of the technique was verified both by DNA sequencing and by leukocyte beta-glucosidase assay. This method is suggested as the simplest and most suitable one for a large-scale screening for the 1226 mutation for Gaucher's disease.
Electrochemical Studies of Morpholino-DNA Surface Hybridization (2011)

Surface hybridization, in which nucleic acids from solution bind to complementary "probe" strands immobilized on a solid support, is widely used to analyze composition of nucleic acid mixtures. Most often, detection is accomplished with fluorescent techniques whose sensitivity can be extended down to individual molecules. Applications, however, benefit as much if not more from convenience, accuracy, and affordability of the diagnostic test. By eliminating the need for fluorescent labeling and more complex sample workup, label-free electrochemical assays have significant advantages provided transduction remains sufficiently sensitive for applications. To this end, we have been exploring morpholinos, which are uncharged DNA analogues, as the immobilized probe species in surface hybridization assays based on measurement of interfacial capacitance. Through comparison of experimental trends with those predicted from basic physical models, the origins of diagnostic contrast in capacitive sensing are reviewed for assays based on morpholino as well as on DNA probes.
Optimal load dispatch based on generator reactive capability curve (2006)

This paper presents a preliminary study of simultaneous optimal dispatch of both active power and reactive power. In the current economic dispatch practice only optimal active power allocation is considered since all cost functions are characterized as functions of the active power. Reactive power requirements are mostly mandated by utilizing a fixed power factor or based on system operators' judgment. In this proposal we consider making use of generator reactive capability curves to better characterize generation cost. With the new description of the actual generation cost, system dispatchers can achieve further reduction in overall system-wide generation cost while utility companies can make optimized decisions to improve their profit bottom line. Economic dispatch formulations are presented in this paper from both minimizing cost and maximizing profit perspectives. A simple power network is utilized for illustrating the key concept and gaining insight
Antibiotic‐Free Cationic Dendritic Hydrogels as Surgical‐Site‐Infection‐Inhibiting Coatings (2019)

A non-toxic hydrolytically fast-degradable antibacterial hydrogel is herein presented to preemptively treat surgical site infections during the first crucial 24 h period without relying on conventional antibiotics. The approach capitalizes on a two-component system that form antibacterial hydrogels within 1 min and consist of i) an amine functional linear-dendritic hybrid based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendritic 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, and ii) a di-N-hydroxysuccinimide functional poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker. Broad spectrum antibacterial effect is achieved by multivalent representation of catatonically charged β-alanine on the dendritic periphery of the linear dendritic component. The hydrogels can be applied readily in an in vivo setting using a two-component syringe delivery system and the mechanical properties can accurately be tuned in the range equivalent to fat tissue and cartilage (G' = 0.5-8 kPa). The antibacterial effect is demonstrated both in vitro toward a range of relevant bacterial strains and in an in vivo mouse model of surgical site infection.
Implementation and characterization of fiber Bragg gratings linearly chirped by a temperature gradient (1994)

We propose a new method for introducing a chirp on a fiber Bragg grating. Uniformly written fiber Bragg gratings are linearly chirped through the use of a controllable temperature gradient device. This device allows the linear chirp conditions to be totally adjustable in a nondestructive repeatable manner. These conditions can be selected with great precision and are very stable, once defined. To characterize the resulting chirped gratings, we have measured their dispersion. Dispersion of the order of 200 ps/nm have been obtained for 1-cm-long fiber Bragg gratings with temperature gradients near 20 degrees C.