gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Two Level Algorithm for Text Detection in Natural Scene Images (2014)

In this paper we present a two-level method to detect text in natural scene images. In the first level, connected components (referred as CCs) are got from the images. Then candidate text lines are extracted and groups of connected components that align in horizontal or vertical direction are got. We think CCs in these groups have high probability are texts. To validate which CC is text, a SVM is trained to make an initial decision. The output of SVM is calibrated to posterior probability. Then we use the information of posterior probability of SVM and information of whether the connected component is in a group to divide the connected components into four classes: texts, non-texts, probable texts and undetermined CCs. In the second level, a conditional random field model is used to make final decision. Relationship between CCs is modeled by a network G(V, E), Vertices of the graph correspond to CCs. The determination in the first level will influence the second levels determination by giving different parameters of data term for the four classes of CCs. By this way, we not only use information of a single CCs feature, but also use the information of whether a CC is in a group to make final decision of whether the CC is text or non-text. Experiments show that the method is effective.
Glucose-responsive complex micelles for self-regulated release of insulin under physiological conditions (2013)

Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based polymers have attracted much attention because of their potential applications in glucose-responsive insulin delivery for the treatment of diabetes. Herein, we prepared a kind of glucose-responsive complex micelles by the complexation between a phenylboronic acid-containing block copolymer PEG-b-P(Asp-co-AspPBA) and a glycopolymer P(Asp-co-AGA). The complex micelles combined a variety of advantages such as stability against aggregation due to the PEG shell, fast response to glucose at neutral pH due to the complex core composed of two hydrophilic polymers, and more importantly better glucose sensitivity ascribed to the decreased apparent pKa of the PBA/AGA complex. Moreover, glucose-triggered on–off release of insulin was obtained under physiological pH 7.4 with 2 g L−1 glucose (hyperglycemia), which provided us with an effective strategy for self-regulated insulin delivery in response to physiological glucose level. The enhanced biocompatibility of this complex micelles system was confirmed by MTT assay. This type of complex micelles may be a promising candidate for in vivo insulin delivery.
Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar (1999)

The use of a non-co-operative television transmitter as the illuminator for a bistatic radar system is investigated. A signal processing scheme is developed that allows airborne targets to be detected and tracked using only the vision or sound carrier of the television broadcast. This scheme requires no synchronisation with the television transmitter, and uses the Doppler shift and bearing of target echoes to estimate the target's track. The signal processing scheme consists of a two-channel fast Fourier transform, to determine the Doppler and phase characteristics of the received signal, followed by time and frequency acting constant false alarm rate detection schemes to detect the target echoes. These echoes are corrected for phase errors arising from antenna element mutual coupling, and the corresponding bearings are calculated. A Kalman filter based tracking scheme is used to associate the individual Doppler and bearing returns belonging to different targets, resulting in Doppler and bearing profiles for each target. These are used to estimate the Cartesian co-ordinates and velocity of each target using an extended Kalman filter, initialised using a genetic algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt optimiser. It is shown that targets can be detected and tracked over a large area, at ranges of up to 260 km.
Surface treatment of metal surfaces by corona discharge (1983)

Abstract Aluminium and titanium surfaces have been treated by corona discharge in air and gave bonds of strength similar to those obtained by conventional chemical treatment.
Oxidation Unzipping of Stable Nanographenes into Joint Spin-Rich Fragments (2009)

When an all-benzenoid nanographene is linearly unzipped into oxygen-joined fragments, the oxidized benzenoid rings (aromatic sextets) selectively adopt the low-spin (DeltaS = 0) or high-spin conformation (DeltaS = 1) to yield the thermally most stable isomer. The selection of the conformation depends simply on the position of the aromatic sextets: the inner ones prefer the high-spin conformation, whereas the peripheral ones prefer the low-spin conformation. Therefore, the resulting most stable isomer has a total spin whose value equals the number of inner aromatic sextets (n(i)) along the oxidizing line. The nanographene fragments contained in this isomer have a ferromagnetic spin coupling. Due to the tautomerization between the high-spin and low-spin conformations, there also exist other possible isomers with higher energies and with spins at ground state ranging from 0 to (n(i) - 1). The rich geometrically correlated spins and the adjustable energy gaps indicate great potential of the graphene oxides in spintronic devices.
The <tt>tspair</tt> package for finding top scoring pair classifiers in <tt>R</tt> (2009)

The R package tspair is freely available from Bioconductor: http://www.bioconductor.org.
Design and implementation of a generic distributed application management system (2002)

As open systems evolve, larger and more complex distributed applications will be widely available in an open, heterogeneous computing environment. In order to ensure correct, reliable and efficient operations, applications must be monitored and controlled. Unfortunately, most existing distributed applications are not properly equipped to manage since they are in general, not designed with management in mind. Furthermore, there exist a wide variety of types and sizes of distributed applications. The authors examines the need for a generic distributed applications management framework. They present the design and implementation of a generic, distributed application management system which is based on a simple model called the DAM model. This generic application management system can be used as a basis for developing management tools for a variety of distributed applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All you need is a good init (2015)

Layer-sequential unit-variance (LSUV) initialization - a simple method for weight initialization for deep net learning - is proposed. The method consists of the two steps. First, pre-initialize weights of each convolution or inner-product layer with orthonormal matrices. Second, proceed from the first to the final layer, normalizing the variance of the output of each layer to be equal to one. Experiment with different activation functions (maxout, ReLU-family, tanh) show that the proposed initialization leads to learning of very deep nets that (i) produces networks with test accuracy better or equal to standard methods and (ii) is at least as fast as the complex schemes proposed specifically for very deep nets such as FitNets (Romero et al. (2015)) and Highway (Srivastava et al. (2015)). Performance is evaluated on GoogLeNet, CaffeNet, FitNets and Residual nets and the state-of-the-art, or very close to it, is achieved on the MNIST, CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet datasets.
Impact-Resistant and Tough Helicoidally Aligned Ribbon Reinforced Composites with Tunable Mechanical Properties via Integrated Additive Manufacturing Methodologies (2020)

Strong and tough structural materials occurring in nature have long fueled the search for an advanced class of strong biomimetic synthetic structural materials (SSMs). One such example in recent years is the rapid progress associated with the naturally occurring helicoidal composite structures inspiring the development of the tough helicoidally architectured synthetic structural composites (HA-SSCs). Most of the tough HA-SSCs have been fabricated using conventional composite resins and fibers or modern three-dimensional (3D) printing materials. Only recently, we ventured further into expanding the possibilities of imitating the helicoidal architecture in smaller scales (microns and tens of microns) while exploring the possibilities of utilization of various polymer-based composite formulas. In our previous research articles, we had established near-field electrospinning as an additive manufacturing methodology to construct tough and resilient 3D helicoidal membranes with micron-sized polymer fibers. In this article, we advance to the next level of developing fully composite structures from electrospun helicoidally assembled microribbons. A key aspect explored in this article is the importance of surface treatment. The physical, thermal, and mechanical experiments indicated superior adhesion between the components of composites, which led to enhanced toughness and impact properties. We further affirmed that reducing the helicoidal angular orientation of ribbons in the HA-SSCs can help further enhance the specific toughness and impact resistance of these composites. Furthermore, we found that the mechanical and physical properties of these composites can be tuned via several architectural features (helicoidal rotational angles, interface characteristics between layers and between ribbons) to suit the different strain-rate needs for various applications (combat army vest, sports gears such as helmets, flexible piezoelectric sensors, or polycarbonate-based solar photovoltaics (PV) modules). The experimental findings here suggest the importance of interfacial characteristics (between layers and between ribbons), the ribbon-to-matrix ratio, and angular arrangement of the ribbons as design guidelines for achieving next-generation HA-SSC materials, which are not only strong but also extremely tough and impact-resistant.
The laminin receptor modulates granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex formation and modulates its signaling (2003)

Basement membrane matrix proteins are known to up-regulate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling in neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We used the intracellular portion of the alpha subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (alphaGMR) to search for interacting proteins and identified the 67-kDa laminin receptor (LR), a nonintegrin matrix protein receptor expressed in several types of host defense cells and certain tumors, as a binding partner. LR was found to interact with the beta subunit of the GMR (betaGMR) as well. Whereas GM-CSF functions by engaging the alphaGMR and betaGMR into receptor complexes, LR inhibited GM-CSF-induced receptor complex formation. Laminin and fibronectin binding to LR was found to prevent the binding of betaGMR to LR and relieved the LR inhibition of GMR. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for enhancing host defense cell responsiveness to GM-CSF at transendothelial migration sites while suppressing it in circulation.
Factors Important to the Prioritization and Development of Successful Topical Microbicides for HIV-1 (2012)

Significant advancements in topical microbicide development have occurred since the prevention strategy was first described as a means to inhibit the sexual transmission of HIV-1. The lack of clinical efficacy of the first generation microbicide products has focused development attention on specific antiretroviral agents, and these agents have proven partially successful in human clinical trials. With greater understanding of vaginal and rectal virus infection, replication, and dissemination, better microbicide products and delivery strategies should result in products with enhanced potency. However, a variety of development gaps exist which relate to product dosing, formulation and delivery, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics which must be better understood in order to prioritize microbicide products for clinical development. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized with regard to these development gaps in order to put the right product at the right place, at the right time, and at the right concentration for effective inhibition of virus transmission. As the microbicide field continues to evolve, we must harness the knowledge gained from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials and development programs to continuously enhance our preclinical development algorithms.
Tea and circulating estrogen levels in postmenopausal Chinese women in Singapore (2005)

The role of tea in the etiology of breast cancer is controversial. We recently provided the first set of human evidence that breast cancer risk is significantly inversely associated with tea intake, largely confined to intake of green tea. Since black tea and green tea possess comparable levels of the total tea polyphenols that possess antioxidative activities, reasons for the paradoxical effects of green tea and black tea on breast cancer protection are not apparent. Some limited evidence suggests that green tea may have downregulatory effects on circulating sex-steroid hormones, whereas black tea may have upregulatory effects. We therefore, investigated the relationship between tea intake, and plasma estrogen and androstenedione levels in a cross-sectional study of healthy postmenopausal Chinese women in Singapore. In this group of 130 women, 84 were non or irregular (less than once a week) tea drinkers, 27 were regular (weekly/daily) green tea drinkers and 19 were regular (weekly/daily) black tea drinkers. Relative to plasma estrone levels in non- or irregular tea drinkers (29.5 pg/ml) the levels were 13% lower in regular green tea drinkers (25.8 pg/ml) and 19% higher in regular black tea drinkers (35.0 pg/ml). These differences in estrone levels were statistically significant (P = 0.03) inspite of adjusting for age, body mass index, intake of soy, and other covariates. A similar pattern of differences between tea intake, and plasma levels of estradiol (P = 0.08) and androstenedione (P = 0.14) were found. In addition, the tea-estrogen associations were observed irrespective of the genotype of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a major enzyme that aids in the excretion of tea polyphenols in humans. Larger studies are needed to confirm results from this cross-sectional study and to better understand the potentially differing effect of black and green tea on circulating estrogen levels and ultimately on the risk of breast cancer.
Increased Transduction of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Adenoviral Vectors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2005)

We conclude that intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients are more readily transfected by standard adenoviral vectors than are those from control patients. These results suggest that targeting genes to inflamed intestine through the luminal route may be possible.
A simple model for 2D image upconversion of incoherent light (2011)

We present a simple theoretical model for 2 dimensional (2-D) image up-conversion of incoherent light. While image upconversion has been known for more than 40 years, the technology has been hindered by very low conversion quantum efficiency (~10<sup>-7</sup>). We show that our implementation compared to previous work can result in a feasible system: Using intracavity upconversion and Quasi Phase Matching (QPM) nonlinear materials provide increased conversion efficiency. Using a QPM crystal and choosing the wavelengths so the first order term in the phasematch wavelength acceptance vanishes, results in very large wavelength acceptance. This work describes how the bandwidth acceptance can be predicted and designed. This gives promise of a new way to make infrared imaging devices with tunable spectral sensitivity.
Ultrasonic Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2014)

An ultrasonic technology for enhanced oil recovery is described. For the implementation of this technology, the equipment was specially developed, taking into account the working conditions. The criteria for selections of well candidates were developed. The technology has been tested in two different regions in different geological conditions. The results of these field tests indicate the high efficiency of the proposed technology. The success rate of the method reached 90% and the increase in oil production was in the range of 40% - 100%.
Activated Oncogenes in B6C3F1 Mouse Liver Tumors: Implications for Risk Assessment (1987)

The validity of mouse liver tumor end points in assessing the potential hazards of chemical exposure to humans is a controversial but important issue, since liver neoplasia in mice is the most frequent tumor target tissue end point in 2-year carcinogenicity studies. The ability to distinguish between promotion of background tumors versus a genotoxic mechanism of tumor initiation by chemical treatment would aid in the interpretation of rodent carcinogenesis data. Activated oncogenes in chemically induced and spontaneously occurring mouse liver tumors were examined and compared as one approach to determine the mechanism by which chemical treatment caused an increased incidence of mouse liver tumors. Data suggest that furan and furfural caused an increased incidence in mouse liver tumors at least in part by induction of novel weakly activating point mutations in ras genes even though both chemicals did not induce mutations in Salmonella assays. In addition to ras oncogenes, two activated raf genes and four non-ras transforming genes were detected. The B6C3F1 mouse liver may thus provide a sensitive assay system to detect various classes of proto-oncogenes that are susceptible to activation by carcinogenic insult. As illustrated with mouse liver tumors, analysis of activated oncogenes in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced rodent tumors will provide information at a molecular level to aid in the use of rodent carcinogenesis data for risk assessment.
Ultrasonically guided aspiration needle biopsy in disease of the chest. (1982)

Ultrasonically guided aspiration needle biopsy has been used in our department as a diagnostic procedure in chest disease. Twenty patients with chest disease judged to have lesions abutted to the thoracic wall were selected as candidates for this technique, which was a linear electronic array scanner provided with a specially designed guide channel. In all sixteen patients with malignant disease, this method provided biopsies that yielded malignant cells on cytologic examination. The diagnostic accuracy was excellent and no complications were encountered.
Local breakout of mobile access network traffic by mobile edge computing (2016)

Rapid growth of mobile traffic can be load of mobile operator's core network. Local breakout is a offloading solution of access network to save core network load and to reduce end-to-end latency. This paper proposes local breakout system in base station with Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) infrastructure. We present the service framework and interfaces for MEC server and also present architecture based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV). By running on the commercial LTE based test-bed, we can show that the system works properly and gives us about 58 percent local breakout ratio.
Frequency Limitations of First-Order $g_{m} - RC$ All-Pass Delay Circuits (2013)

All-pass filter circuits can implement a time delay but, in practice, show delay and gain variations versus frequency, limiting their useful frequency range. This brief derives analytical equations to estimate this frequency range, given a certain maximum allowable budget for variation in delay and gain. We analyze and compare two well-known gm - RC first-order all-pass circuits, which can be compactly realized in CMOS technology and relate their delay variation to the main pole frequency. Modeling parasitic poles and putting a constraint on gain variation, equations for the maximum achievable pole frequency and delay variation versus frequency are derived. These equations are compared with simulation and used to design and compare delay cells satisfying given design goals.
Letters to the Editor (2007)

Sir, Comments on ‘The thermoluminescence dose-response and other characteristics of the high-temperature TL in LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100)’ by Y. S. Horowitz, L. Oster and H. Datz This recent article(1) was intended to be a review on the subject and it reflects the view of its authors, as already published in the past. When discussing the dose–response issue (by gas and contact heating) the works of two groups (us being one of them) are discussed at length and in much detail, somewhat outside the scope of a balanced review. The article contains claims that are problematic and need to be discussed in depth, yet we find it important to present here some short comments on several issues raised, in particular the ones related to the chapter ‘HTTL dose-response via hot gas non-linear chip heating’, which is entirely dedicated to criticism of the experimental method in our works(...
Duplex mode selection and channel allocation for full-duplex cognitive femtocell networks (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of incorporating full-duplex (FD) transmission in cognitive femtocell networks (CFN) to achieve higher spectrum utilization. We aim to maximize the sum rate of a full-duplex cognitive femtocell network (FDCFN) as well as guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of users in the form of a required signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINR). We propose a duplex mode selection strategy based on stable roommate matching, as well as a greedy channel allocation algorithm with a proven performance bound. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes effectively improve the sum rate of the FDCFN.
Magnesium Sulfate Protection of Fetal Rat Brain From Severe Maternal Hypoxia (2000)

In Brief Objective To determine whether severe maternal hypoxia affects fetal rat physical characteristics and causes neuronal damage, and whether magnesium sulfate can decrease these effects. Methods At 17 days gestation, rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received saline injections and room air (n = 6), magnesium sulfate and room air (n = 5), saline and hypoxia (n = 5) or magnesium sulfate and hypoxia (n = 5). Maternal magnesium sulfate or saline injections were given for 4 hours. In groups 3 and 4 this was followed by a hypoxia chamber protocol that included a gas mixture of 9% oxygen and 3% carbon dioxide for 2 hours. After 72 hours of recovery, fetuses were delivered abdominally, perfused transcardially, and brains removed intact. Fetal body and brain weight and size were measured. Brains were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained. A neuropathologist masked to the protocol performed histologic grading of brain regions. Results Exposure to the hypoxia chamber resulted in decreased maternal oxygen tension and pH (from 82.8 ± 20.0 to 49.2 ± 14.4 mmHg, and from 7.37 ± 0.05 to 7.20 ± 0.04, respectively; P < .005). Magnesium sulfate administration resulted in higher magnesium levels in blood (from 1.52 ± 0.2 to 3.77 ± 0.7 mg/dL; P < .001). The hypoxia protocol resulted in a significant decrease in fetal body and brain size, but not weight. Hypoxia also caused an increase in the proportion of fetal rats that had brain injury, including shrinkage of cells and karyorrhexis in the hippocampus and thalamus (from 0% to 38.1% and 38.9%, respectively; P < .05). Magnesium sulfate reduced these effects on fetal brain histopathology and size. Conclusion Severe maternal rat hypoxia resulted in significant fetal neuronal damage and decreased fetal body and brain size. Maternal magnesium sulfate administration reduced the effect of hypoxia on fetal brain histopathology and size without affecting body size. Subcutaneous maternal magnesium sulfate administration protected against fetal neuronal damage caused by subsequent maternal hypoxia.