gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic aperture image holography (1985)

This paper describes the underwater imaging method of "Synthetic Aperture\nImage Holography" which has real-time imaging capability. This method\nutilizes image holography and computer synthetic aperture techniques. The\nimaging system consists of the acoustic lens, ultrasound receiving and\ntransmitting arrays, and the computer. The diameter of the acoustic lens is\nsmaller than the aperture of the transmitting array. By transmitting the\nultrasound from the elements of the transmitting array one by one, the phase\nand amplitude of the lower resolution images (image holograms), focused by the\nacoustic lens, are detected by the receiving array. After obtaining all of\nthe image holograms, the final image is calculated by synthesizing all of\nthese image holograms in the computer. The results of one-dimensional\nunderwater experiments are shown. The conceptual design of a real-time\nimaging system that is based on this method is also presented.
Investigation for Pu-Erh Tea Contamination Caused by Mycotoxins in a Tea Market in Guangzhou (2014)

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to provide raw data for the development of guidelines for tea production and management, as well as relevant health standards. To investigate the mycotoxin contamination in the wet stored Pu-erh tea in a tea market in Guangzhou, we measured the concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 toxin in 70 tea samples.Methods: 70 samples of wet stored Pu-erh tea were randomly chosen in the market. Following crushing, brewing, and filtration of the samples, the contaminations of FB1, DON, or T-2 toxin were assayed by ELISA detection kits, and the contamination of AFB1 was measured by the IAC-HPLC method.Results: We found that all tea samples were safe regarding FB1 and T-2 toxin (safety limit, 1 mg/kg and 0.1×10-3mg/kg, respectively). However, 8 out of 70 samples displayed higher AFB1 concentrations compared to the safety limit(5×10-3 mg/kg). Surprisingly, 63 out of 70 samples have exceeded the safety limit for DON (1 mg/kg).Conclusion: Our survey was the first time to find AFB1 and DON contaminations in the wet stored Pu-erh tea in this tea market. Although the FB1 and T-2 toxin in these tea samples has not yet exceeded the safety limits, they were still detectable, which should cause more concern.
Fast 3D Object Detection and Pose Estimation for Augmented Reality Systems (2006)

Many problems in computer vision and augmented reality (AR) require the estimation of the pose of objects or mobile users in real-time. This dissertation presents a fast and automated object detection and pose estimation system capable of working with large amounts of background clutter, severe occlusions, and strong viewpoint and scale changes. Furthermore, a novel sensor fusion framework for pose estimation and a tracking management system are introduced, which proved to be fast and reliable enough for industrial AR applications.
Influence of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on infant cognitive function (1998)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for normal visual and cortical development. In a previous study of the effects of LCPUFA on cognitive function of term infants at the age of 3 mon, we indicated that infants with evidence of reduced growth parameters at birth and impaired attention control as manifested by a late peak fixation during infant habituation assessment may benefit from LCPUFA supplementation. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether LCPUFA supplementation and late peak fixation are related to means-end problem-solving ability in these same infants at the age of 9 mon. Term infants (58) were randomized to one of two formulas containing either LCPUFA or no LCPUFA and completed 4 mon of feeding with their formula. Cognitive function was assessed at 3 mon of age by measures of infant habituation. Infants (20 LCPUFA and 20 no-LCPUFA) completed the problem-solving assessment at 9 mon. The no-LCPUFA group had lower scores on both measures of intention and number of solutions, but neither of these differences was significant. Analysis of covariance for the effects of group and peak fixation, covaried with gestation and birth weight, showed that the number of solutions was significantly reduced in the late peak-fixation infants receiving no LCPUFA (P<0.02). Intention scores tended to be reduced in this group (P<0.06). The late peak-fixation infants who received LCPUFA had solution and intention scores similar to early peak-fixation infants receiving LCPUFA or no LCPUFA. These findings suggest that in term infants who have reduced growth parameters at birth and who show evidence of impaired attention control, information processing and problem-solving ability in infancy may be enhanced by LCPUFA supplementation.
ASSOCIATION OF ENDOSPERM REDUCTION WITH PARENTAL IMPRINTING IN MAIZE (1982)

Among 38 reciprocal translocations between the maize B chromosome and the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 10 were six interchanges associated with reduced endosperm development. These six have breakpoints that are the most proximal of the set and constitute a graded series with those broken nearer the centromere which have the most abnormal phenotypes. The group of six defines three major regions that produce the endosperm effects. The remaining 32 translocations reduce kernel size very slightly, suggesting the presence of a fourth region distal to all break-points.-The affected class of kernels lacks a paternally derived representative of that segment of 10L translocated to the B centromeric element (B(10) chromosome; 10 10 B(10)). An accompanying class of kernel in which the paternal B(10) chromosome is duplicated in the endosperm (10 10 10(B) B(10) B(10)) is normal. Kernels of the same endosperm constitution synthesized by introducing both 10 and B(10) maternally, however, are defective, resembling 10 10 10(B). Maternal B(10)'s are therefore unable to compensate for the absence of a paternal B(10). Clearly expression of the 10L genes involved supports normal endosperm growth only following pollen transmission.
Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretation (2017)

Understanding clinical test kinematics improves utility of exam techniques. The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) determine inter-examiner repeatability of translation magnitude for the Anterior/Posterior Drawer and Sulcus shoulder laxity tests; (2) describe the relationships between glenohumeral joint translations and subjective grades for each laxity test; and (3) describe the relationship of overall glenohumeral joint laxity to a composite subjective score from the three laxity tests. Eleven subjects with shoulder symptomology were examined with three laxity tests. Motion was tracked with electromagnetic sensors affixed to the humerus and scapula via transcortical pins. ICCs were calculated to determine repeatability of translation magnitudes between two examiners for each test. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed for comparisons of single laxity test grades with translation magnitudes and for composite subjective laxity scores and overall translation across all three tests. Inter-examiner ICCs regarding kinematic repeatability were 0.87 for Anterior Drawer, 0.84 for the Sulcus test, and not calculable for the Posterior Drawer. No linear relationships between subjective grades of individual tests and translation magnitudes were found. The relationship of overall translation with the composite subjective score from all laxity tests was r(2) = 0.75 (r = 0.86). Clinicians from different disciplines are capable of imparting similar translations during laxity tests. Single-test subjective laxity grades demonstrate large ranges of translation between subjects for the same grade. By combining results of three laxity tests, clinicians are capable of identifying the level of overall shoulder joint laxity in patients.
Key Characteristics for Thermal Runaway of Li-ion Batteries (2019)

The lithium ion batteries are having increasing energy densities, meeting the requirement from industry, especially for the electric vehicles. However, a cell with a higher energy density is more prone to thermal runaway. We analyze the key characteristics during thermal runaway to help better define battery thermal runaway. Three characteristic temperatures are regarded as the common features of thermal runaway for all kinds of lithium ion batteries. The underlying mechanisms for the three characteristic temperatures have been investigated by thermal analysis. The conclusion of the analysis set benchmarks for evaluating the thermal runaway behaviors of commercial lithium-ion batteries, and the proposed methodologies benefits further research and development of battery safety design for electric vehicles.
Dose‐dependent association of apolipoprotein e allele ε4 with late‐onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (1994)

We examined the apolipoprotein E (apo E) genotypes in 47 patients with late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (mean age at onset +/- standard deviation, 72.2 +/- 6.4 years), 8 with late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (75.5 +/- 5.1 years), 18 with early-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (52.8 +/- 4.7 years), and 10 with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (52.0 +/- 6.8 years) in Japan and compared them with genotypes in control subjects. In late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease, apo E-epsilon 4 frequency increased significantly (epsilon 4 frequency: 0.34 vs 0.095 in controls, p < 0.0001), and the odds ratio, which represents the strength of association between Alzheimer's disease and apo E-epsilon 4, markedly increased with increasing dose of apo E-epsilon 4 gene (3 [95% confidence interval, 2-6] in one dose; 43 [95% confidence interval, 12-154] in two doses). This study also suggested that apo E-epsilon 4 is associated with both late-onset (epsilon 4: 0.31) and early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (epsilon 4: 0.35). In contrast, we found no association between apo E-epsilon 4 and early-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (epsilon 4: 0.08). These results indicate that the risk of developing late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease is markedly dependent on the dose of apo E-epsilon 4, while apo E-epsilon 4 does not appear to be a major risk factor for early-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Laser-Induced Breakdown In Optical Materials (1978)

With the rising importance of powerful lasers in the scientific and industrial communities, material failure by interaction with intense laser radiation is today also a common event. In this status report we review the understanding of the physical processes that lead to laser-induced breakdown in bulk materials and on their surfaces. The roles and interplay of various mechanisms, which depend on material properties and the laser light intensity and frequency, are discussed. The experimental basis for electron avalanche behavior at optical frequencies is discussed in detail. Multiphoton ionization is briefly described. Tabulations of measured breakdown thresholds for transparent solids (bulk and surfaces), metal surfaces, liquids, and gases, and of multiphoton absorption coefficients, are presented. Experiments needed for further progress are discussed.
A temporal-probabilistic database model for information extraction (2013)

Temporal annotations of facts are a key component both for building a high-accuracy knowledge base and for answering queries over the resulting temporal knowledge base with high precision and recall. In this paper, we present a temporal-probabilistic database model for cleaning uncertain temporal facts obtained from information extraction methods. Specifically, we consider a combination of temporal deduction rules, temporal consistency constraints and probabilistic inference based on the common possible-worlds semantics with data lineage, and we study the theoretical properties of this data model. We further develop a query engine which is capable of scaling to very large temporal knowledge bases, with nearly interactive query response times over millions of uncertain facts and hundreds of thousands of grounded rules. Our experiments over two real-world datasets demonstrate the increased robustness of our approach compared to related techniques based on constraint solving via Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and probabilistic inference via Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). We are also able to show that our runtime performance is more than competitive to current ILP solvers and the fastest available, probabilistic but non-temporal, database engines.
Analysis of the Type 1 Pilin Gene Cluster <i>fim</i> in <i>Salmonella</i> : Its Distinct Evolutionary Histories in the 5′ and 3′ Regions (1999)

The type 1 pilin encoded by fim is present in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella natural isolates, but several lines of evidence indicate that similarities at the fim locus may be an example of independent acquisition rather than common ancestry. For example, the fim gene cluster is found at different chromosomal locations and with distinct gene orders in these closely related species. In this work we examined the fim gene cluster of Salmonella, the genes of which show high nucleotide sequence divergence from their E. coli counterparts, as well as a different G+C content and codon usage. DNA hybridization analysis revealed that, among the salmonellae, the fim gene cluster is present in all isolates of S. enterica but is absent from S. bongori. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the fimA and fimI genes yield an estimate of phylogeny that is in satisfactory congruence with housekeeping and other virulence genes examined in this species. In contrast, phylogenetic analyses of the fimZ, fimY, and fimW genes indicate that horizontal transfer of this region has occurred more than once. There is also size variation in the fimZ, fimY, and fimW intergenic regions in the 3' region, and these genes are absent in isolate S2983 of subspecies IIIa. Interestingly, the G+C contents of the fimZ, fimY, and fimW genes are less than 46%, which is considerably lower than those of the other six genes of the fim cluster. This study demonstrates that horizontal transmission of all or part of the same gene cluster can occur repeatedly, with the result that different regions of a single gene cluster may have different evolutionary histories.
Optical control of biological processes by light‐switchable proteins (2015)

Cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, or migration depend on precise spatiotemporal coordination of protein activities. Correspondingly, reaching a quantitative understanding of cellular behavior requires experimental approaches that enable spatial and temporal modulation of protein activity. Recently, a variety of light-sensitive protein domains have been engineered as optogenetic actuators to spatiotemporally control protein activity. In the present review, we discuss the principle of these optical control methods and examples of their applications in modulating signaling pathways. By controlling protein activity with spatiotemporal specificity, tunable dynamics, and quantitative control, light-controllable proteins promise to accelerate our understanding of cellular and organismal biology.
An Introduction to Procedural Music in Video Games (2009)

Abstract This article outlines some of the procedural music techniques that have been used, are being used, and may be used in the future in video games. The author examines different approaches to procedural composition and the control logics that have been used in the past, using a distinction between transformational and generative algorithms, and discusses reasons for the adoption of these techniques in games. She then examines why procedural music has not been more widely used by game composers and sound designers, and explores potential future directions in the area. Keywords: GamesAlgorithmicGenerativeProceduralInteractiveAdaptiveDynamic Notes [1] I define procedural music as composition that evolves in real time according to a specific set of rules or control logics. As shown, this can take the form of generative composition or transformational composition, the line between which can be somewhat indistinct. [2] While sound effects can be generated or procedurally altered (synthesized or altered in real time) in some way using a variety of synthesis methods, these techniques are outside the scope of this article. See Paul (2008 Paul, L. 2008. "An introduction to granular synthesis in video games". In From Pac-Man to pop music: Interactive audio in games and new media, Edited by: Collins, K. 135–149. Aldershot: Ashgate. [Google Scholar]) for an introduction to granular synthesis as it may be applied specifically in games. [3] A similar use of quantized notes created by player-controlled projectiles was used in the game Rez (created by Tetsuya Mixuguchi in 2001/2002 on the PlayStation 2). [4] There are now software engines that combine music information retrieval techniques to incorporate user-generated playlists into games. See, for instance, the Echo Nest Analyze API (http://the.echonest.com/analyze.html). [5] Aaron McLeran, 'Procedural Music in Spore' presentation at the Game Developer's Conference, San Francisco, February 2008. [6] For a breakdown of obstructions to the implementation of procedural sound effects, see Farnell, 2007. [7] There has been considerable work done in the area of affect, semiotics and mood-tagging. See, for instance, Birchfield, 2003 Birchfield, D. 2003. "Generative model for the creation of musical emotion, meaning, and form". In ACM SIGMM Workshop on Experiential Telepresence, 99–104. New York: ACM Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Eladhari et al., 2006 Eladhari, M., Nieuwdorp, R. and Fridenfalk, M. 2006. "The soundtrack of your mind: Mind music—adaptive audio for game characters". In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, New York: ACM. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Livingstone & Brown, 2005.
Quintuple Primitive Malignant Neoplasms. A Case Report (2010)

The authors describe the case of a patient who developed during 31 months, five malignant tumours, three synchronous and two metachronous. The primitive origin and the long interval of time between the occurrence of each tumour, allow to set them in the group of Multiple Primitive Malignant Neoplasm. The authors, reviewing the classifications and the pathogenesis of these tumours, underline the importance of the follow-up in oncology patients and emphasize the role of nosographic setting in order to plan the most suitable therapeutic approach.
A novel mechanism of capillary growth in the rat pulmonary microcirculation (1990)

Postnatally, the rat lung parenchyma undergoes impressive growth. Within four months of birth, lung volume and alveolar and capillary surface areas increase over 20-fold and capillary volume 35-fold. Investigation of methacrylate casts of the pulmonary microvasculature revealed that, with age, lung capillaries were not only growing in surface and volume but also increasing their network density. We proposed that the capillary bed grows by formation of slender intravascular tissue pillars and termed this type of growth intussusceptive microvascular growth (Caduff et al., Anat. Rec., 216:154-164, 1986). The aim of this investigation was to detect the presence and to analyze the ultrastructure of slender tissue posts (diameter 1-2.5 microns) extending across the capillary lumina in serial electron microscopic sections of rat lung parenchyma (age 44 days). Computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of the capillary lumen confirmed that tissue posts were matching the holes previously observed in casts. Post ultrastructure varied with size from a simple area of interendothelial contact to tissue pillars with a core of interstitial tissue. Based on the changing morphology of the pillars, a hypothesis for their development can be proposed: phase I, creation of a zone of contact between opposite capillary walls (formation of an interendothelial bridge); phase II, reorganization of the intercellular junctions of the endothelium, with central perforation of the capillary layer; phase III, formation of an interstitial post core, with successive invasion by cytoplasmic extensions of myofibroblasts, pericytes, and finally interstitial fibers; and phase IV, growth of the slender pillar to a normal full size capillary mesh. These findings support the new concept of intussusceptive growth of the lung capillary system.
Vind(x): using the user through cooperative annotation (2003)

In this paper, the image retrieval system Vind(x) is described. The architecture of the system and first user-experiences are reported. Using Vind(x), users on the Internet may cooperatively annotate objects in paintings by use of the pen or mouse. The collected data can be searched through query-by-drawing techniques, but can also serve as an (ever-growing) training and benchmark set for the development of automated image retrieval systems of the future. Several other examples of cooperative annotation are presented in order to underline the importance of this concept for the design of pattern recognition systems and the labeling of large quantities of scanned documents or online data.
<title>Embedded wavelet packet transform technique for texture compression</title> (1995)

A highly efficient texture compression scheme is proposed in this research. With this scheme, energy compaction of texture images is first achieved by the wavelet packet transform, and an embedding approach is then adopted for the coding of the wavelet packet transform coefficients. By comparing the proposed algorithm with the JPEG standard, FBI wavelet/scalar quantization standard and the EZW scheme with extensive experimental results, we observe a significant improvement in the rate-distortion performance and visual quality.
Cooperative search and rescue with a team of mobile robots (2002)

We present an implemented algorithm for a distributed team of autonomous mobile robots to search for an object. When one robot finds it, they all gather around it, and then manipulate ("rescue") it. The algorithm exploits parallelism, with all robots searching concurrently, and also teamwork, because the manipulation is performed cooperatively. Our algorithm is fully distributed; the robots communicate with each other, and there is no central server or supervisor. Applications include hazardous waste cleanup, bomb detection and removal, materials delivery, and eventually the rescue of survivors of accidents or disasters. The search and rescue program was written using MOVER, a programming system for distributed tasks. The system provides high-level programming constructs for task distribution across robots. Finally, MOVER encourages code re-use because the task distribution mechanism can synchronize any set of procedures (without rewriting), allowing the programmer of a distributed task to access libraries of robot software written for single-robot tasks.