gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bench‐ and pilot‐scale applications of electrochemical peroxidation: A new remedial concept (2000)

Abstract Electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) is a proprietary process that utilizes sacrificial iron electrodes and stochiometrically balanced applications of hydrogen peroxide to efficiently destroy aqueous phase contaminants. In laboratory trials it has been successful in reducing, often to non‐detectable levels, BTEX, fuel additives, chlorinated solvents, and polychlorinated biphenyls in ground waters. The process has also been found effective in reducing the chemical and biological oxygen demand of industrial waste water. Agency‐approved pilot tests will be conducted at two gasoline spill sites during 2000 where traditional pump and treat methods have proven ineffectual because of ground water chemistry or subsurface hydrologic conditions. The ECP process utilizes a tripartite treatment strategy consisting of 1) ex situ chemical oxidation; 2) in situ oxidation by reinjection of treated water with residual oxidants at the head of the plume; and 3) reestablishment of aerobic biodegradation by alteration of subsurface redox conditions. In contrast to other in situ oxidation treatment methods, dissolved iron is derived electrochemically, negating the need for ferrous salt addition. Dilute hydrogen peroxide (3 percent) is incrementally added to maximize oxidation efficiency and eliminate safety and environmental concerns accompanying the use of highly concentrated solutions. Results of laboratory trials and the geological and geochemical considerations of upcoming pilot‐scale applications are presented. Other potential applications currently under investigation include combination with other remedial processes (e.g. permeable barriers and hydrogen release compounds) to insure complete and rapid contaminant mineralization.
Zatebradine Slows Ectopic Ventricular Rhythms in Canine Heart 24 Hours After Coronary Artery Ligation (1997)

Arrhythmias occur 24 h after occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in the canine heart and have been attributed to the abnormal spontaneous activity in subendocardial Purkinje fibers, which are markedly depolarized. The major current underlying normal automaticity in these fibers is i(f). Although the i(f) activation range is generally considered to be more negative than the diastolic membrane potential in these depolarized fibers in infarcts, this activation range has been shown to shift in a positive direction in response to hormonal influences. Thus i(f) could still mediate automaticity in these fibers in infarcts. Furthermore, recent reports indicate that a depolarizing diastolic current, probably i(f), also can be measured in ventricular muscle during abnormal experimental conditions, which may occur during ischemia. To test whether there is a role of i(f) currents in sustaining ventricular ectopy, we administered the selective i(f) channel blocker, zatebradine, 24 h after LAD ligation in canine hearts. We report that intravenous injections of zatebradine (0.25 or 1.0 mg/kg) significantly slow ventricular rhythms (with average reductions of 19 or 26%, respectively). Moreover, because zatebradine also slows sinus nodal rate, it can lead to an increased incidence of ectopic beats. However, during right atrial pacing, when sinus slowing has no effect on ventricular rhythms, capture of ventricular rhythms occurs at lower rates in the presence of zatebradine. The reduction of capture threshold is comparable to the reduction in the rate of the ectopic rhythm. Thus zatebradine eliminated the arrhythmia when the right atrium was paced at the original sinus rate.
A nearly optimal construction of flash codes (2009)

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell can take on q different values or levels. While increasing the cell level is easy, reducing the level of a cell can be accomplished only by erasing an entire block. Since block erasures are highly undesirable, coding schemes - known as floating codes or flash codes - have been designed in order to maximize the number of times that information stored in a flash memory can be written (and re-written) prior to incurring a block erasure. An (n, k, t) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> flash code ¿ is a coding scheme for storing k information bits in n cells in such a way that any sequence of up to t writes (where a write is a transition 0 ¿ 1 or 1 ¿ 0 in any one of the k bits) can be accommodated without a block erasure. The total number of available level transitions in n cells is n(q-1), and the write deficiency of ¿, defined as ¿(¿) = n(q-1)-t, is a measure of how close the code comes to perfectly utilizing all these transitions. For k > 6 and large n, the best previously known construction of flash codes achieves a write defficiency of O(qk <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). On the other hand, the best known lower bound on write deficiency is ¿(qk). In this paper, we present a new construction of flash codes that approaches this lower bound to within a factor logarithmic in k. To this end, we first improve upon the so-called ¿indexed¿ flash codes, due to Jiang and Bruck, by eliminating the need for index cells in the Jiang-Bruck construction. Next, we further increase the number of writes by introducing a new multi-stage (recursive) indexing scheme. We then show that the write defficiency of the resulting flash codes is O(qk log k) if q ¿ log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> k, and at most O(k log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> k) otherwise.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery to Dendritic Cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are uniquely capable of activating and instructing a naive immune system to mount a specific cellular and humoral response. Recognition of this crucial function makes the development of technologies for DC-based immuno-therapies a priority for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The most immediate impact of this emerging technology will be in the treatment of cancer and the development of third generation vaccines to protect against viral and intracellular pathogens. In addition to elicitation of immune responses, DCs also function to maintain tolerance to "self." Once the biological basis for this important function is understood, future applications of DC-based immuotherapies may be developed to ameliorate autoimmune diseases or enhance acceptance of transplanted organs. The feasibility of "engineering" the function of DCs has been realized by recent advances in ex vivo methodologies that allow selective DC propagation, antigen loading, and genetic modification in vitro for subsequent therapeutic transfer into the host. Ultimately, the ability to genetically modify these cells will allow us to design DC-mediated interventions that will direct predictable control of either immune activation or tolerance in vivo.
Temporal segmentation of video objects for hierarchical object-based motion description (2002)

This paper describes a hierarchical approach for object-based motion description of video in terms of object motions and object-to-object interactions. We present a temporal hierarchy for object motion description, which consists of low-level elementary motion units (EMU) and high-level action units (AU). Likewise, object-to-object interactions are decomposed into a hierarchy of low-level elementary reaction units (ERU) and high-level interaction units (IU). We then propose an algorithm for temporal segmentation of video objects into EMUs, whose dominant motion can be described by a single representative parametric model. The algorithm also computes a representative (dominant) affine model for each EMU. We also provide algorithms for identification of ERUs and for classification of the type of ERUs. Experimental results demonstrate that segmenting the life-span of video objects into EMUS and ERUs facilitates the generation of high-level visual summaries for fast browsing and navigation. At present, the formation of high-level action and interaction units is done interactively. We also provide a set of query-by-example results for low-level EMU retrieval from a database based on similarity of the representative dominant affine models.
Comprehensive Theory of Primary and Secondary Color Correction of Arbitrary Optical Systems (1994)

A method of calculating and correcting primary and higher order chromatic aberrations of arbitrary optical systems is discussed. This method uses Buchdahl’s chromatic aberration theory [1] to calculate the exact chromatic aberration coefficients (axial and lateral color of any order) of a given optical system, with no restriction on element thickness or spacing. This theory is rewritten so that the color correction problem is approximated by a series of homogeneous linear equations, which can be solved by graphical or linear algebraic techniques. This formulation gives a lens designer the ability to easily and systematically choose glasses that can potentially correct the chromatic aberrations of a complex lens system. Several design examples are given that illustrate the application of this method to lens systems with finite element thicknesses and separations. It is shown that this method can directly accommodate diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) and that DOE’s can be used to correct higher order chromatic aberrations of lens systems that could not otherwise be corrected.
Utility of the Atrial Endocardial Electrogram Concurrent with Dual‐Chamber Pacing in the Determination of a Pacemaker‐Mediated Arrhythmia (1988)

A 73-year-old male required a permanent pacemaker for complete heart block. After placement of the dual-chamber pacemaker, the patient developed random, repetitive ventricularly paced coupling at the upper rate limit. The diagnosis made from the surface electrocardiography was one of ventricular tracking of occult (T wave obscured) atrial ectopic activity. Examination of the telemetered atrial electrogram (EGM) revealed a diagnosis of intermittent far-field atrial sensing of the terminal ventricular depolarization. The value of obtaining an atrial electrogram during dual-chamber pacing is discussed.
A Chemical Display: Generating Animations by Controlled Diffusion from Porous Voxels (2015)

The concept of utilizing precisely patterned and chemically loaded 3D porous containers akin to chemical voxels to enable dynamic visual patterns via spatial and temporal control of both local and global chemical release is described. Using numerical simulations and experiments, it is shown how variations in porosity, volume, shape, and relative positioning of the chemical voxels can be used to control the types of images that are formed with control in both space and time. Moving images are generated via controlled chemical release from an array of voxels to create an animation of a running man thereby illustrating proof‐of‐concept for a chemical display.
Three-dimensional micro electromechanical system piezoelectric ultrasound transducer (2012)

Here we present the design and experimental acoustic test data for an ultrasound transducer technology based on a combination of micromachined dome-shaped piezoelectric resonators arranged in a flexible architecture. Our high performance niobium-doped lead zirconate titanate film is implemented in three-dimensional dome-shaped structures, which form the basic resonating cells. Adjustable frequency response is realized by mixing these basic cells and modifying their dimensions by lithography. Improved characteristics such as high sensitivity, adjustable wide-bandwidth frequency response, low transmit voltage compatible with ordinary integrated circuitry, low electrical impedance well matched to coaxial cabling, and intrinsic acoustic impedance match to water are demonstrated.
Synthesis of allylic alcohols via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of vinylic epoxides and aryl or vinylic halides and triflates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of allylic alcohols via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of vinylic epoxides and aryl or vinylic halides and triflatesRichard C. Larock and Shuji DingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4, 804–806Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00056a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00056a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new restriction endonudease from<i>Spirulina platensis</i> (1986)

Three restriction endonucleases, Sp1I, Sp1II and Sp1III have been purified partially from Spirulina platensis subspecies siamese and named. Sp1I cleaves bacteriophage lambda DNA at one site, phi X 174 RF DNA at two sites, but does not cleave pBR322 DNA. This enzyme recognizes the sequence 5'CGTACG3' 3'GCATCG5' and cuts the site indicated by the arrows. Sp1II is an isoschizomer of Tth111I and Sp1III is an isoschizomer of HaeIII.
Wide-Viewing-Angle Display Mode Using Bend-Alignment Liquid Crystal Cell (1995)

To solve the problem of the narrow viewing angle in twisted-nematic-mode active-matrix liquid-crystal display (LCD), we proposed a new LCD mode using a bend-alignment LC cell with an optical compensator. In this new mode, a wide viewing angle with a black state having no viewing-angle dependence was obtained. We discussed the fundamental principle and design rvle of the optical compensator and showed improvement through theoretical and experimental analysis.
Diphenyl Purine Derivatives as Peripherally Selective Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonists (2012)

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists are potentially useful for the treatment of several diseases. However, clinical development of several CB1 antagonists was halted due to central nervous system (CNS)-related side effects including depression and suicidal ideation in some users. Recently, studies have indicated that selective regulation of CB1 receptors in the periphery is a viable strategy for treating several important disorders. Past efforts to develop peripherally selective antagonists of CB1 have largely targeted rimonabant, an inverse agonist of CB1. Reported here are our efforts toward developing a peripherally selective CB1 antagonist based on the otenabant scaffold. Even though otenabant penetrates the CNS, it is unique among CB1 antagonists that have been clinically tested because it has properties that are normally associated with peripherally selective compounds. Our efforts have resulted in an orally absorbed compound that is a potent and selective CB1 antagonist with limited penetration into the CNS.
A Reference Governor for Wheel-Slip Prevention in Railway Vehicles with Pneumatic Brakes (2020)

This paper applies reference governor (RG) design to the problem of preventing excessive wheel-slip in railway vehicles with pneumatic brakes. The RG minimizes the difference between the desired and implemented deceleration set-point such that the system state remains inside a constraint admissible positive invariant set where wheel-slip is maintained below a prescribed level. This problem is complicated by the non-linear slip-dynamics and hysteresis in the pneumatic brake which results in a non-convex invariant set. The RG is evaluated in numerical simulations where we observe that the governor produces non-linear integral-action that has the beneficial properties of fast transient response and offset-free tracking while being robust to delays from hysteresis and uncertainty on the slip dynamics.
Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice. I. Development of a neural network-based inversion method (1997)

With the advent of the microwave radiometer, passive remote sensing of clouds and precipitation has become an indispensable tool in a variety of meteorological and oceanographical applications. There is wide interest in the quantitative retrieval of water vapor, cloud liquid, and ice using brightness temperature observations in scientific studies such as Earth's radiation budget and microphysical processes of winter and summer clouds. Emission and scattering characteristics of hydrometeors depend on the frequency of observation. Thus, a multifrequency radiometer has the capability of profiling cloud microphysics. Sensitivities of vapor, liquid, and ice with respect to 20.6, 31.65 and 90 GHz brightness temperatures are studied. For the model studies, the atmosphere is characterized by vapor density and temperature profiles and layers of liquid and ice components. A parameterized radiative transfer model is used to quantify radiation emanating from the atmosphere. It is shown that downwelling scattering of radiation by an ice layer results in enhancement at 90 GHz brightness temperature. Once absorptive components such as vapor and liquid are estimated accurately, then it is shown that the ice water path can be retrieved using ground-based three-channel radiometer observations. In this paper the authors developed two- and three-channel neural network-based inversion models. Success of a neural network-based approach is demonstrated using a simulated time series of vapor, liquid, and ice. Performance of the standard explicit inversion model is compared with an iterative inversion model. In part II of this paper, actual radiometer, and radar field measurements are utilized to show practical applicability of the inverse models.
p63 silencing induces epigenetic modulation to enhance human cardiac fibroblast to cardiomyocyte-like differentiation (2022)

Direct cell reprogramming represents a promising new myocardial regeneration strategy involving in situ transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes. Adult human cells are relatively resistant to reprogramming, however, likely because of epigenetic restraints on reprogramming gene activation. We hypothesized that modulation of the epigenetic regulator gene p63 could improve the efficiency of human cell cardio-differentiation. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression of a panel of cardiomyocyte marker genes in neonatal rat and adult rat and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63 shRNA (shp63) and the cardio-differentiation factors Hand2/Myocardin (H/M) versus treatment with Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 (GMT) with or without shp63 (p < 0.001). FACS analysis demonstrated that shp63+ H/M treatment of human cardiac fibroblasts significantly increased the percentage of cells expressing the cardiomyocyte marker cTnT compared to GMT treatment with or without shp63 (14.8% ± 1.4% versus 4.3% ± 1.1% and 3.1% ± 0.98%, respectively; p < 0.001). We further demonstrated that overexpression of the p63-transactivation inhibitory domain (TID) interferes with the physical interaction of p63 with the epigenetic regulator HDAC1 and that human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63-TID+ H/M demonstrate increased cardiomyocyte marker gene expression compared to cells treated with shp63+ H/M (p < 0.05). Whereas human cardiac fibroblasts treated with GMT alone failed to contract in co-culture experiments, human cardiac fibroblasts treated with shp63+ HM or p63-TID+ H/M demonstrated calcium transients upon electrical stimulation and contractility synchronous with surrounding neonatal cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrate that p63 silencing provides enhanced rat and human cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation into induced cardiomyocytes compared to a standard reprogramming strategy. p63-TID overexpression may be a useful reprogramming strategy for overcoming epigenetic barriers to human fibroblast cardio-differentiation.
Field inhomogeneity correction and data processing for spectroscopic imaging (1985)

To obtain separate NMR images of spatially resolved high-resolution chemical-shift information the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity must be accounted for. A suitable correction method is described which relies on first generating a plot of the magnetic field distribution. Using these data the spectroscopic imaging data can be processed to display the spatial distributions of separate resonances without distortion from field inhomogeneity. The field plot is obtained by using the same data acquisition sequence while imaging a phantom object or in particular cases the plot may be derived from the spectroscopic imaging data set itself. The correction procedure is illustrated using proton in vivo imaging of a cat. Some additional data processing techniques are presented which offer alternative methods of displaying spectroscopic imaging data.
Changes in Levels of mRNAs for Cell Wall-Related Enzymes in Growing Cotton Fiber Cells (1997)

mRNAs for cell wall-related enzymes in developing cotton fiber cells were measured by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Both endo-1,4-beta-glucanase and expansin mRNA levels were high during cell elongation but decreased when cell elongation ceased, and xyloglucan decreased. The endo-1,3-beta-glucanase mRNA level was very low in the elongating cells but increased gradually at the onset of secondary wall synthesis, accompanying the massive deposition of cellulose. Endoxyloglucan transferase and sucrose synthase mRNA levels were constant during all stages of growth.
Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)‐<i>tert</i>‐Leucinol by Classical Resolution of the Racemic Mixture (1995)

Abstract Optically active tert ‐leucinol is an important building block in asymmetric synthesis. However, the ( R ) enantiomer particularly has so far remained difficult to obtain, mainly because of the laborious synthesis of the precursor amino acid, ( R )‐ tert ‐leucine. Here we present a new, classical resolution of racemic tert ‐leucinol, which allows straightforward preparation of each, but especially the ( R ) enantiomer, in good yields and high optical purities. The feasibility of the synthesis of useful derivatives is demonstrated by transformation into the corresponding ( R )‐4‐ tert ‐butyl‐2‐oxazolidinone.