gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HCO 3 − -dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in corneal endothelium (2003)

cAMP-dependent activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates fluid transport in many tissues. Secretion by the corneal endothelium is stimulated by cAMP and dependent on HCO(3)(-). We asked whether HCO(3)(-) can secondarily increase CFTR permeability in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) by activating soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Immunofluorescence suggests that sAC is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. HCO(3)(-) (40 mM) increased cAMP concentration 42% in the presence of 50 microM rolipram (a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor), and a standard HCO(3)(-) Ringer solution (28.5 mM) increased apical Cl(-) permeability by 78% relative to HCO(3)(-)-free solution. The HCO(3)(-)-dependent increase in Cl(-) permeability was reduced 60% by 20 mM NaHSO(3) (a weak agonist of sAC). NaHSO(3) alone increased apical Cl(-) permeability by only 13%. The HCO(3)(-)-dependent increase in Cl(-) permeability was reduced 57% in the presence of 50 microM Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, and 86% by 50 microM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino)benzoic acid but unaffected by 200 microM apical H(2)DIDS. CFTR phosphorylation was increased 23, 150, and 32% by 20 mM HSO(3)(-), 28.5 mM HCO(3)(-), and 28.5 mM HCO(3)(-) + 20 mM HSO(3)(-), respectively. Activation of apical Cl(-) permeability by 5 microM genistein was increased synergistically by HCO(3)(-) over that due to genistein and HCO(3)(-) alone. We conclude that HCO(3)(-)-stimulated sAC is a form of autocrine signaling that contributes to baseline cAMP production, thereby affecting baseline CFTR activity in BCEC. This form of autocrine signaling may be important in tissues that express sAC and exhibit robust HCO(3)(-) influx (e.g., ocular ciliary epithelium, choroid plexus, and airway epithelium).
Changes in Exploratory Behavior as a Measure of Chronic Central Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury (2001)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces abnormal pain syndromes in patients that lead to changes in evoked and spontaneous behaviors. To test if a spontaneous component of pain-like behavior could be measured in a rodent model of chronic central pain (CCP), exploratory behavior (rearing events, rearing time, active time, rest time, distance traveled, and total activity) of adult male rats, subjected to sham surgery or spinal cord contusion injury treated with either vehicle (saline) or gabapentin (30 mg/kg, i.p.), was recorded. SCI was produced at spinal segment T10 using the NYU impactor device (10-g rod, 2.0-mm diameter, 12.5-mm drop height). Activity measures were collected on postsurgical days (PSD) 14, 28, and 60, and compared to presurgical activity. Sham control activity was not significantly different compared to presurgical activity in any measured parameter. SCI vehicle-treated rats demonstrated a significant decrease in total rearing time on PSD 14 and by PSD 28 significant differences in total activities where seen in all parameters measured. SCI gabapentin-treated rats did not display differences in total rearing time until PSD 28 and a significant difference in total activity of all measured parameters was not seen until PSD 60. No difference in hindlimb locomotor ability between SCI groups or sedation effects of gabapentin was found using open field BBB scores. We interpret the differences in exploratory behavior to reflect spontaneous behavioral changes due to CCP since (1) when locomotor ability was greatest, activity was lowest and (2) gabapentin attenuates the temporal decrease in activity. This study demonstrates that spontaneous as well as evoked behaviors may be used to evaluate CCP following SCI.
Phosphatidylcholine: A Superior Protectant Against Liver Damage (1996)

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the most important support nutrients for the liver. PC is a phospholipid, a large biological molecule that is a universal building block for cell membranes. A cell’s membranes are its essence: they regulate the vast majority of the activities that make up life. Most liver metabolism occurs on cell membranes, which occupy about 33,000 square meters in the human. More than 2 decades of clinical trials indicate that PC protects the liver against damage from alcoholism, pharmaceuticals, pollutant substances, viruses, and other toxic influences, most of which operate by damaging cell membranes. The human liver is confronted with tens of thousands of exogenous substances. The metabolism of these xenobiotics can result in the liver’s detoxicative enzymes producing reactive metabolites that attack the liver tissue. Dietary supplementation with PC (a minimum 800 mg daily, with meals) significantly speeds recovery of the liver. PC has also been shown to be effective against alcohol’s liver toxicity in wellcontrolled studies on baboons. PC has other qualities that enhance its usefulness as a dietary supplement. PC is safe, and is a safer means for dietary choline repletion than choline itself. PC is fully compatible with pharmaceuticals, and with other nutrients. PC is also highly bioavailable (about 90% of the administered amount is absorbed over 24 hours), and PC is an excellent emulsifier that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients with which it is coadministered. PC’s diverse benefits and proven safety indicate that it is a premier liver nutrient. (Alt Med Rev 1996;1(4):258-274)
Synthesis of Chiral Bis(phosphinite) Ligands with a Tetrahydrothiophene Backbone:  Use in Asymmetric Hydrogenation (1998)

A series of novel chiral nonracemic bis(phosphinites) derived from (R,R)-trans-2,5-tetrahydrothiophenedimethanol has been prepared. Reaction of these ligands, 6, with Rh(COD)2X (COD = cyclooctadiene, X = OS(O)2CF3, SbF6) yields rhodium complexes which have been tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl α-acetamidocinnamate, providing enantioselectivities of up to 55%. The racemic bis(diphenylphosphinite) ligand 6c binds in an unusual tridentate mode, forming the thioether-bridged species ((6c)Rh)2(OTf)2 (7). This was characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Preliminary Environment Mapping for Redirected Walking (2018)

Redirected walking applications allow a user to explore large virtual environments in a smaller physical space by employing so-called redirection techniques. To further improve the immersion of a virtual experience, path planner algorithms were developed which choose redirection techniques based on the current position and orientation of the user. In order to ensure a reliable performance, planning algorithms depend on accurate position tracking using an external tracking system. However, the disadvantage of such a tracking method is the time-consuming preparation of the physical environment which renders the system immobile. A possible solution to eliminate this dependency is to replace the external tracking system with a state-of-the-art inside-out tracker based on the concept of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). In this paper, we present an approach in which we attach a commercially available SLAM device to a head-mounted display to track the head motion of a user. From sensor recordings of the device, we construct a map of the surrounding environment for future processing in an existing path planner for redirected walking.
THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM CONCENTRATIONS ON YEAST FERMENTATION PERFORMANCE IN HIGH GRAVITY WORTS* (1997)

The response of e number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ale) and Saccharomyces uvarum (caris-bargenaia) (lager) strains to altered starting levels of magnesium and calcium in 12°P (1048 original gravity) or 20°P (1080 original gravity) wort were investigated. In general, the same trends were observed in all 6 strains, however the extent of the response to adjusted levels of magnesium and calcium were found to be strain dependent. The results indicate that an increased ratio of magnesium to calcium causes an increase in the initial fermentation rate, the rate and yield of ethanol produced and an increase in vitality at the end of fermentation, in all strains employed. Upon increasing the calcium to magnesium ratio it was found that the initial fermentation rate was decreased, resulting in an increased attenuation time in the case of the lager strains. It was also noted that increasing the calcium to magnesium ratio led to a decreased ethanol production, maltotriose uptake, and in the case of the lager strains, maltose uptake was also adversely affected under these conditions. Altering the calcium and magnesium levels had no effect on the viability of the yeast or on glycogen levels.
Acute HIV revisited: new opportunities for treatment and prevention (2004)

Inability to recognize incident infection has traditionally limited both scientific and public health approaches to HIV disease. Recently, some laboratories have begun adding HIV nucleic acid amplification testing to HIV diagnostic testing algorithms so that acute (antibody-negative) HIV infections can be routinely detected within the first 1-3 weeks of exposure. In this review article, we will highlight critical opportunities for HIV treatment and prevention that are presented by these diagnostic strategies.
Studies on 4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a nonneurotoxic analog of the parkinsonian inducing agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (1990)

Previous reports indicate that 4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (BMTP), the benzyl analogue of the Parkinsonian inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), is not neurotoxic in the C-57 black mouse even when administered at a dose 10 times greater than the dose of MPTP required to cause an 85% depletion of neostriatal dopamine. Intrastriatal microdialysis in the rat with the corresponding 4-benzyl-1-methylpyridinium ion BMP+ for 60 min, however, causes nerve terminal destruction similar to that observed following a 15-min perfusion with the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion MPP+, the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) generated metabolite derived from MPTP. With the aid of purified beef liver MAO-B and synthetic standards, we observed the efficient and quantitative conversion of BMTP to the corresponding 2,3-dihydropyridinium intermediate BMDP+, which underwent further, but incomplete, oxidation to BMP+. These MPTP-type properties point to in vivo effects, such as pharmacokinetic parameters and/or alternative metabolic pathways, to account for BMTP's lack of neurotoxicity.
Effects of culture conditions on <i>N</i>‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content of a recombinant fusion protein produced in CHO cells (2009)

CHO cells express glycoproteins containing both the N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and minor amounts of the N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) forms of sialic acid. As Neu5Gc is not expressed in humans and can be recognized as a foreign epitope, there is the potential for immunogenicity issues for glycoprotein therapeutics. During process development of a glycosylated fusion protein expressed by CHO cells, a number of culture conditions were identified that affected the Neu5Gc content of the recombinant glycoprotein. Sodium butyrate (SB), a well-known additive reported to enhance recombinant protein productivity in specific cases, minimally affected product titers here, but did decrease Neu5Gc levels by 50-62%. A shift in culture temperature to a lower value after the exponential growth phase was used to extend the culture period. It was found that the Neu5Gc levels were 59% lower when the temperature shift occurred later near the stationary phase of the culture compared to an early-temperature shift, near the end of the exponential growth phase. Studies on the effects of pCO(2) with this product showed that the Neu5Gc levels were 46% lower at high pCO(2) conditions (140 mmHg) compared to moderate pCO(2) levels (20-80 mmHg). Finally, a comparison of sodium carbonate versus sodium hydroxide as the base used for pH control resulted in a reproducible 33% decrease in Neu5Gc in bioreactors using sodium hydroxide. These results are of practical importance as SB is a commonly tested additive, and the other factors affecting Neu5Gc can conveniently be used to reduce or control Neu5Gc in processes for the manufacture of glycoprotein therapeutics.
The Global Phosphoproteome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Reveals Complex Organellar Phosphorylation in the Flagella and Thylakoid Membrane (2014)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the most intensively-studied and well-developed model for investigation of a wide-range of microalgal processes ranging from basic development through understanding triacylglycerol production. Although proteomic technologies permit interrogation of these processes at the protein level and efforts to date indicate phosphorylation-based regulation of proteins in C. reinhardtii is essential for its underlying biology, characterization of the C. reinhardtii phosphoproteome has been limited. Herein, we report the richest exploration of the C. reinhardtii proteome to date. Complementary enrichment strategies were used to detect 4588 phosphoproteins distributed among every cellular component in C. reinhardtii. Additionally, we report 18,160 unique phosphopeptides at <1% false discovery rate, which comprise 15,862 unique phosphosites - 98% of which are novel. Given that an estimated 30% of proteins in a eukaryotic cell are subject to phosphorylation, we report the majority of the phosphoproteome (23%) of C. reinhardtii. Proteins in key biological pathways were phosphorylated, including photosynthesis, pigment production, carbon assimilation, glycolysis, and protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and it is noteworthy that hyperphosphorylation was observed in flagellar proteins. This rich data set is available via ProteomeXchange (ID: PXD000783) and will significantly enhance understanding of a range of regulatory mechanisms controlling a variety of cellular process and will serve as a critical resource for the microalgal community.
Advanced Methods For Repeatable Runout Compensation (2005)

This paper presents and compares experimental results from two types of periodic disturbance compensation methods. The repeatable runout (RRO) cancellation techniques studied in this paper are adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) and repetitive control. Two modifications (phase advance and a feedthrough term) to the basic AFC structure are also stud- ied experimentally. Of the AFC methods, the feedthrough tech- nique is superior, but the repetitive controller provides better RRO rejection. Overall it is found that the removal of repeatable runout improved the tracking precision by as much as 53%. I. INTRODUCTION Periodic disturbances are inherent in any rotating machin- ery. In disk data storage technology, the periodic disturbances appear in the error of the position of the head following a data track. This repeatable runout in the position of the head with respect to the track center can be a considerable source of tracking error. In an operating disk system, some control effort is usually expended to compensate for at least the largest of these periodic disturbances. Generally, the frequencies of the geriodic disturbances are integer multiples of the frequency of ion of the disk drive. The sources of repeatable runout can be an eccentricity of the track, an offset of the track center with respect to the spindle center, bearing geometry and wear, and motor geometry. This pager considers advanced methods of repeatable runout (RRO) compensation. These methods learn the true shape of the track to be followed on-line. A simple adaptive method is described in this paper, and modifications and struc- changes to this basic algorithm are discussed. In addition, a repetitive control method is presented and compared to the adaptive methods. The primary goal of this paper is to present experimental results for these different methods of repeatable mnout compensation. These results are compared, and the effectiveness of each method and modification is discussed. 11. REPEATABLE RUNOUT COMPENSATION ALGORITHMS
Total synthesis of prostaglandins. VII. Symmetric total synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E1 and (-)-prostaglandin E2 (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of prostaglandins. VII. Symmetric total synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E1 and (-)-prostaglandin E2Charles J. Sih, J. B. Heather, Rattan Sood, Philip Price, George Peruzzotti, L. F. Hsu Lee, and S. S. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 4, 865–874Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00837a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00837a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views791Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteomic Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Reveals Alterations in Metabolic Pathways (2006)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading killer cancer worldwide and presently the most common cancer among males in Singapore. The study aimed to detect changes of protein profiles associated with the process of colorectal tumorigenesis to identify specific protein markers for early colorectal cancer detection and diagnosis or as potential therapeutic targets. Seven pairs of colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at basic pH range (pH 7-10). Intensity changes of 34 spots were detected with statistical significance. 16 of the 34 spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Changes in protein expression levels revealed a significantly enhanced glycolytic pathway (Warburg effect), a decreased gluconeogenesis, a suppressed glucuronic acid pathway, and an impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle. Observed changes in protein abundance were verified by two-dimensional DIGE. These changes reveal an underlying mechanism of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the roles of impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Warburg effect may be critical.
Effect of Function-Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected With Decorin-Expressing Adenovirus on Hepatic Fibrosis (2016)

A combination treatment consisting of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and decorin strongly inhibited the progression of thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, compared with BM-MSCs alone. Furthermore, the significant inhibitory effect of BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus was attributed to suppressing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, supported by attenuation of TGF-β1 expression and inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation. Therefore, treatment with BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus could constitute a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for patients with intractable cirrhosis.
Chromosomal Mapping of Genes Involved in Growth Control (1986)

Cellular oncogenes, defined as having transforming ability, are likely to represent, or be derived from, normal genes involved in cell growth and metabolism that have been activated by one of several mechanisms. Although the primary function of most of the more than 30 known cellular proto-oncogenes is as yet unknown, some have been shown to be related to known growth factor or growth factor receptor genes (platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF] B-chain/c-sis, Water field et al. 1983; epidermal growth factor [EGF] receptor/erbB, Downward et al. 1984; and receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor/c-fms, Sherr et al. 1985). One mechanism of activating an oncogene is by chromosomal translocation; the best-studied examples are the c-myc translocations in Burkitt's lymphoma (for review, see Klein 1983). These translocations place c-myc next to one of three immunoglobulin loci that are normally active in B lymphocytes. As a result of the translocation, the oncogene becomes constitutively activated. In...
GROWTH PATTERNS IN THE DEVELOPING HUMAN BRAIN DETECTED USING CONTINUUM-MECHANICAL TENSOR MAPPING (1999)

We report the first, spatially-complex, 4-dimensional quantitative maps of growth patterns in the developing human brain, detected with a tensor mapping strategy that provides growth pattern information with greater spatial detail and sensitivity than previously obtainable in brain imaging studies. By repeatedly scanning children (age: 3-15 yrs.) across multi-year time intervals (up to 4 years), a rostro-caudal wave of growth was detected at the corpus callosum, a fiber system that relays information between brain hemispheres. Children aged 6-15 consistently displayed a localized peak of rapid growth at the callosal isthmus, which innervates temporo-parietal cortices that primarily support associative thinking and language function. Growth rates at the isthmus were attenuated after puberty. An opposite dynamic pattern was found between ages 3 and 6, with most rapid growth in frontal and pre-frontal callosal networks that regulate the planning and organization of new actions. Rates and profiles of tissue growth, elimination, shearing and dilation are visualized in 3 dimensions, revealing the magnitudes, gradients and principal directions of growth throughout the dynamically changing brain. Focal growth of the callosal isthmus and its temporo-parietal projection fields contrasted sharply with a rapid, spatially-localized loss of gray matter in subcortical systems. Dynamic brain maps therefore offer a powerful new means to (1) map growth patterns in an individual child, and (2) gain insight into the complex dynamic processes that affect regional anatomy in the healthy and diseased brain.
Preparation of novel poly(vinyl alcohol)/SiO2 composite nanofiber membranes with mesostructure and their application for removal of Cu2+ from waste water (2010)

Novel mesoporous poly(vinyl alcohol)/SiO(2) composite nanofiber membranes functionalized with mercapto groups with diameters of 300-500 nm have been fabricated by a sol-gel electrospinning process; they were highly effective at absorbing Cu(ii) ions from waste water. These nanofiber membranes could be regenerated through acidification.