gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing direct threaded code by selective inlining (1998)

Achieving good performance in bytecoded language interpreters is difficult without sacrificing both simplicity and portability. This is due to the complexity of dynamic translation ("just-in-time compilation") of bytecodes into native code, which is the mechanism employed universally by high-performance interpreters.We demonstrate that a few simple techniques make it possible to create highly-portable dynamic translators that can attain as much as 70% the performance of optimized C for certain numerical computations. Translators based on such techniques can offer respectable performance without sacrificing either the simplicity or portability of much slower "pure" bytecode interpreters.
Accuracy of Digital Videodensitometry in Quantitating Contrast Medium Concentration (1994)

To evaluate the accuracy of digital videodensitometric technique in directly quantitating concentration of contrast medium, iohexol 300 mg I/ml was injected into a 2-mm-diameter plastic tube, in which clean water was circulated at a 190 ml/min flow, for digital subtraction angiography. Altogether 27 injections were performed with 3, 4 and 5 ml volumes at 3-, 4- and 5-ml/s flows of the contrast medium. A time-density curve was achieved by selecting a "vessel" region of interest (ROI) and a background ROI. Then, a frame corresponding to the maximum opacification of the contrast medium could be calculated. Finally, the average density and the time to peak density of the contrast medium were obtained. The average density was statistically higher (p < 0.01) with 5 ml/s flow than with 4- and 3-ml/s flows. Times to peak density reduced as injection flows or volumes increased. The results support the conclusion that digital videodensitometric technique is an accurate method for quantitation of contrast medium concentration during angiography. The angiographic opacification may be improved by injecting the iodine contrast medium with higher flows or larger volumes.
The Construction Principle of Double Cloth (2018)

The purpose of the study was to offer new knowledge about how valences of communications about retailers' corporate ability (CA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices influence how consumers perceive the firm's competitive advantage using empirical research methods.
PERCEPCIÓN DE COMPORTAMIENTO SEXUAL DE RIESGO EN PERSONAS QUE VIVEN CON VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA (2016)

Los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo son aquellas practicas que aumentan la posibilidad de contraer enfermedades de transmision sexual, afectando la salud de las personas. Objetivo: Determinar la percepcion sobre comportamiento sexual de riesgo en personas que viven con VIH. Material y metodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo realizado en una asociacion anonima de personas que viven con VIH en la Ciudad de Irapuato, Gto. Se aplico un instrumento exprofeso a n=18 personas mayores de 18 anos con diagnostico de VIH (+) previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: 61.1% eran del genero masculino, con X 37.5 ± 10.4 anos de edad, 66.7% reporto acceder a tener relaciones sexuales sin preservativo, el 50% practica sexo ocasional; lo que expone de manera explicita la salud tanto de la persona, como de la pareja formal y ocasional. Aunque las personas que viven con VIH pueden ser conscientes del riesgo de infectar a sus parejas sexuales es ignorado debido a otras consideraciones. Conclusion: La poblacion que vive con VIH no toma conciencia necesaria sobre el riesgo de contagio de la enfermedad.
Dr. Deming Comes to Class (1993)

This article describes how some of the principles of the Deming management method were used to improve two courses: an MBA elective (Entrepreneurship) and an undergraduate requirement (Business Policy). Techniques based on the Deming management method enhanced student productivity in both the quality and quantity of work submitted. Students seemed to enjoy their work more as well. Yet the instructor was unable to convince colleagues and administrators that these productivity gains were worth changing fundamental perspectives about, and methods of, teaching and evaluation. Efforts to continue using the Deming management method were abandoned. Based on an analysis of this "success/failure" experience, suggestions are offered regarding the critical factors necessary to implement the Deming management method in the classroom.
Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives against SARS−Coronavirus (2005)

Glycyrrhizin (GL) was shown to inhibit SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in vitro. Here the anti-SARS-CoV activity of 15 GL derivatives was tested. The introduction of 2-acetamido-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine into the glycoside chain of GL resulted in 10-fold increased anti-SARS-CoV activity compared to GL. Amides of GL and conjugates of GL with two amino acid residues and a free 30-COOH function presented up to 70-fold increased activity against SARS-CoV but also increased cytotoxicity resulting in decreased selectivity index.
Utilisation de macrocycles tétraazotés pour la complexation des actinides en milieu aqueux : validation pour le retraitement des effluents liquides aqueux (1994)

Ce memoire apporte une contribution a l'etude de la reactivite de ligands tetraazamacrocycliques libres ou greffes sur des supports solides. L'interet majeur de ce travail concerne les points suivants: * la synthese, les caracteristiques spectrales et des donnees de diffraction des rayons X de macrocycles tetraazotes N-tetra-fonctionnalises, * la synthese, l'etude physicochimique et des etudes de diffraction des rayons x de complexes macrocycliques a base de metaux de la serie des lanthanides et de la serie des actinides, * la synthese et la caracterisation de ligands tetraazotes greffes sur des polymeres organiques et inorganiques, * la reactivite de composes macrocycliques greffes sur resine de merrifield ou sur gel de silice vis a vis du cerium, de l'europium, de l'uranium, du plutonium et de l'americium, * l'extraction de metaux lourds selon un procede solide-liquide et le dimensionnement d'une installation pilote
Status of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes (2015)

GaN-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) have undergone great development in recent years, but the improvement of green LEDs is still in progress. Currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of GaN-based green LEDs is typically 30%, which is much lower than that of top-level blue LEDs. The current challenge with regard to GaN-based green LEDs is to grow a high quality InGaN quantum well (QW) with low strain. Many techniques of improving efficiency are discussed, such as inserting AlGaN between the QW and the barrier, employing prestrained layers beneath the QW and growing semipolar QW. The recent progress of GaN-based green LEDs on Si substrate is also reported: high efficiency, high power green LEDs on Si substrate with 45.2% IQE at 35 A/cm2, and the relevant techniques are detailed.
Long and medium chain triglycerides increase plasma concentrations of ketone bodies in suckling rats (1978)

The potential of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) as sources of plasma ketones was investigated in suckling rats. Initially high concentrations of plasma ketones in 6-, 10, and 17-day-old rats increased 2- to 3-fold after acute feeding of MCT. This feeding had the same effect in fed or fasted adult rats. Corn oil (as a source of LCT) induced a large increase in the plasma ketone concentration of suckling rats and a relatively small but significant increase in fasted adult rats. The LCT treatment did not affect plasma ketone levels in fed adult rats. The results show clearly that feeding either LCT or MCT will enhance hyperketonemia in suckling rats. In the livers of all animals, regardless of age, the capacity for incorporation of [1(-14C)]octanoate into CO2 and acetoacetate far exceeded that for [1(-14C)]palmitate. The hyperketonemic action of LCT in suckling rats was accompanied by an increased activity of carnitine palmityltransferase and increased level of carnitine.
Isolation and Characterization of Thermodynamically Stable and Unstable RNA Hairpins from a Triloop Combinatorial Library (1999)

Hairpins are the most common elements of RNA secondary structure, playing important roles in RNA tertiary architecture and forming protein binding sites. Triloops are common in a variety of naturally occurring RNA hairpins, but little is known about their thermodynamic stability. Reported here are the sequences and thermodynamic parameters for a variety of stable and unstable triloop hairpins. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) can be used to separate a simple RNA combinatorial library based on thermal stability [Bevilacqua, J. M., and Bevilacqua, P. C. (1998) Biochemistry 45, 15877-15884]. Here we introduce the application of TGGE to separating and analyzing a complex RNA combinatorial library based on thermal stability, using an RNA triloop library. Several rounds of in vitro selection of an RNA triloop library were carried out using TGGE, and preferences for exceptionally stable and unstable closing base pairs and loop sequences were identified. For stable hairpins, the most common closing base pair is CG, and U-rich loop sequences are preferred. Closing base pairs of GC and UA result in moderately stable hairpins when combined with a stable loop sequence. For unstable hairpins, the most common closing base pairs are AU and UG, and U-rich loop sequences are no longer preferred. In general, the contributions of the closing base pair and loop sequence to overall hairpin stability appear to be additive. Thermodynamic parameters for individual hairpins determined by UV melting are generally consistent with outcomes from selection experiments, with hairpins containing a CG closing base pair having a DeltaDeltaG degrees (37) 2.1-2.5 kcal/mol more favorable than hairpins with other closing base pairs. Sequences and thermodynamic rules for triloop hairpins should aid in RNA structure prediction and determination of whether naturally occurring triloop hairpins are thermodynamically stable.
A test circuit for measurement of clocked storage element characteristics (2004)

We present a method, on-chip test circuitry, and an error analysis, for accurate measurement of timing characteristics and power consumption of clocked storage elements. The test circuit was fabricated in 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and the measurements performed automatically using a serial scan interface. The precision and accuracy of the presented method are demonstrated by the ability to measure entire clock-to-output characteristics of flip-flops. Estimated data-to-output delay systematic measurement error is 6 ps (7%), and random error is 10 ps (11%). The method and the test circuit are applicable for delay measurements of other circuit blocks as well.
The immune response of guinea-pigs to type II collagen: poor cross-reactivity with homologous type II collagen accounts for resistance to collagen-induced arthritis. (1988)

In order to determine the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), Hartley and Strain 13 guinea-pigs were immunized with heterologous or homologous type II collagen. None of the animals developed CIA. Because immunity to type II collagen plays a critical role in CIA, we characterized the guinea-pig's immune response to determine the basis for this resistance. Guinea-pigs develop cellular and humoral reactivity to heterologous type II collagen similar to that of CIA-susceptible rats. The reactions distinguish type I from type II collagen but not among several heterologous type II collagens. The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was specific for determinants on the primary amino acid structure of collagen, whether native or denatured collagen was used for immunization; however, the humoral response was specific for the form of the molecule used for immunization. Guinea-pigs differ from CIA-susceptible rats in that immunization with homologous or heterologous type II collagen fails to induce significant cross-reactive immunity with the homologous antigen. A transient arthritis could be induced in animals immunized with heterologous type II collagen by injecting them intra-articularly with heterologous but not with homologous type II collagen. Our results show that the disparity between immunity to type II collagen and the susceptibility to develop CIA in guinea-pigs is due to their poor cross-reactive immune response to autologous type II collagen.
Quantification of differential gene expression by multiplexed targeted resequencing of cDNA (2017)

Whole-transcriptome or RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful and versatile tool for functional analysis of different types of RNA molecules, but sample reagent and sequencing cost can be prohibitive for hypothesis-driven studies where the aim is to quantify differential expression of a limited number of genes. Here we present an approach for quantification of differential mRNA expression by targeted resequencing of complementary DNA using single-molecule molecular inversion probes (cDNA-smMIPs) that enable highly multiplexed resequencing of cDNA target regions of ∼100 nucleotides and counting of individual molecules. We show that accurate estimates of differential expression can be obtained from molecule counts for hundreds of smMIPs per reaction and that smMIPs are also suitable for quantification of relative gene expression and allele-specific expression. Compared with low-coverage RNA-Seq and a hybridization-based targeted RNA-Seq method, cDNA-smMIPs are a cost-effective high-throughput tool for hypothesis-driven expression analysis in large numbers of genes (10 to 500) and samples (hundreds to thousands).
Potential for hydrogen production from sustainable biomass with carbon capture and storage (2022)

Low-carbon hydrogen is an essential element in the transition to net-zero emissions by 2050. Hydrogen production from biomass is a promising bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) scheme that could produce low-carbon hydrogen and generate the carbon dioxide removal (CDR) envisioned to be required to offset hard-to-abate emissions. Here, we design a BECCS supply chain for hydrogen production from biomass with carbon capture and storage and quantify, at high spatial resolution, the technical potential for hydrogen production and CDR in Europe. We consider sustainable biomass feedstocks that have minimal impacts on food security and biodiversity, namely agricultural residues and waste. We find that this BECCS supply chain can produce up to 12.5 Mtons of H2 per year (currently ∼10 Mtons of H2 per year are used in Europe) and remove up to 133 Mtons CO2 per year from the atmosphere (or 3% of European total greenhouse gas emissions). We then perform a geospatial analysis to quantify transportation distances between where biomass feedstocks are located and potential hydrogen users, and find that 20% of hydrogen potential is located within 25 km from hard-to-electrify industries. We conclude that BECCS supply chains for hydrogen production from biomass represent an overlooked near-term opportunity to generate carbon dioxide removal and low-carbon hydrogen.
Variation of Carbon Coating on Li<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>O<sub>14</sub> as Anode Material of Lithium Battery (2017)

Li2Na2Ti6O14 was developed from Li5Ti4O12 as a good active material for anode of the lithium battery. Li2Na2Ti6O14 was prepared by a preliminary formation of Li2Na2Ti6O14 through solid state reaction with calcination temperature at 700 °C, and sintering temperature at 800 oC for 8 hours. By analysis of XRD patterns, Li2Na2Ti6O14 shows spinel structure which similar as Li5Ti4O12. Carbon coating on Li2Na2Ti6O14 was done by using pyrolysis method at a temperature of 700 oC for 2 hours. The process of carbon coating was done under variation of comparison between Li2Na2Ti6O14 and tapioca powder as a carbon source, i.e. 8:1, 10:1 and 12:1. The working voltage of Li2Na2Ti6O14/C product was 1,2 volt. The other analysis were conductivity, cyclic voltammeter, and charge – discharge.
Basic and applied uses of genome‐scale metabolic network reconstructions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2013)

The genome-scale model (GEM) of metabolism in the bacterium Escherichia coli K-12 has been in development for over a decade and is now in wide use. GEM-enabled studies of E. coli have been primarily focused on six applications: (1) metabolic engineering, (2) model-driven discovery, (3) prediction of cellular phenotypes, (4) analysis of biological network properties, (5) studies of evolutionary processes, and (6) models of interspecies interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of these applications along with a critical assessment of their successes and limitations, and a perspective on likely future developments in the field. Taken together, the studies performed over the past decade have established a genome-scale mechanistic understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in E. coli metabolism that forms the basis for similar efforts for other microbial species. Future challenges include the expansion of GEMs by integrating additional cellular processes beyond metabolism, the identification of key constraints based on emerging data types, and the development of computational methods able to handle such large-scale network models with sufficient accuracy.
A rapid noninvasive characterization of CT x‐ray sources (2015)

The described method is a novel, rapid, accurate, and noninvasive approach that allows one to acquire the spatially varying fluence and HVL data using a single experimental setup in a minimum of three scans. These measurements can be used to characterize the CT beam in terms of the angle-dependent fluence and energy spectra along the bowtie filter direction, which can serve as input for accurate CT dose computations.
Induction of Mast Cell Degranulation in Skin by Ultrasound (1986)

Abstracf-Mast cells are numerous in the dermis and it is virtually inevitable that they will be exposed to ultrasound whenever it is used clinically. Their degranulation, in response to changes at their plasma membranes, induces inflammation. The degranulation of dermal mast cells in the intact skin of adult male Wistar rats (treated in vivo with ultrasound at intensities and frequencies within the therapeutic range) was examined quantitatively by light microscopy in formaldehyde-fixed sections stained with toluidine blue. The level of degranulation after treatment with ultrasound at spatial-average temporal-average intensities (I(SATA)) of less than 1.5 Wlcm* was similar to that of mockinsonated skin, while intensities (SATA) of 1.5 Wicm’ and over stimulated degranulation significantly. The effects of variation in I(SATA) and I(SAPA), where PA = pulse average intensity, and frequency sere examined. The results obtained indicate that the mechanism involved in the stimulation of mast cell degranulation by ultrasound at the levels investigated has a thermal component.
Remote revocation of smart cards in a private DRM system (2005)

We describe a DRM smartcard-based scheme in which content access requests are not linked to a user&apos;s identity or smartcard, and in which compromised cards can be revoked without the need to communicate with any card (whether revoked or not). The scheme has many other features, such as e#ciency and requiring minimal interaction to process an access request (no complex interactive protocols), forward and backward security, stateless receivers, and under certain cryptographic constructions collusion-resistance. The above is achieved while requiring the smartcard to store only a single key and to perform a single modular exponentiation per revocation. Furthermore, our solution introduces a combinatorial problem that is of independent interest.
Large-scale multimedia semantic concept modeling using robust subspace bagging and MapReduce (2009)

With the rapid growth of multimedia data, it becomes increasingly important to develop semantic concept modeling approaches that are consistently effective, highly efficient, and easily scalable. To this end, we first propose the robust subspace bagging (RB-SBag) algorithm by augmenting random subspace bagging with forward model selection. Compared with traditional modeling approaches, RB-SBag offers a considerably faster learning process while minimizing the risk of overfitting. Its ensemble structure also enables a convenient transformation into a simple parallel framework called MapReduce. To further improve scalability, we also develop a task scheduling algorithm to optimize task placement for heterogenous tasks. On a collection consisting of more than 250,000 images and several standard TRECVID benchmark datasets, RB-SBag achieved more than a 10-fold speedup with comparable or even better classification performance than baseline SVMs. We also deployed the MapReduce implementation on a 16-node Hadoop cluster, where the proposed task scheduler demonstrates a significantly better scalability than the baseline scheduler in the presence of task heterogeneity.
Nano-FeS[sub 2] for Commercial Li/FeS[sub 2] Primary Batteries (2002)

The rate capability of lithium cells containing a nano- pyrite sample was compared to that of micrometer-sized under an active material loading equivalent to that of commercial lithium battery electrodes. The nano- sample had an average particle size of 0.5 μm and each particle consisted of nano- crystals on the order of 50 nm. The rate capability of nano- was superior to that of the electrodes with an average crystal size of 10 μm but no improvement was found relative to the electrodes having an average crystal size of 1 μm. The rate capability of commercial batteries may be limited by the ion conductivity of the electrolyte when samples have crystal sizes smaller than 1 μm. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Basics of Expansion Microscopy (2019)

Optical imaging techniques are often used in neuroscience to understand brain function and discern disease pathogenesis. However, the optical diffraction limit precludes conventional optical imaging approaches from resolving nanoscopic structures with feature sizes smaller than 300 nm. Expansion microscopy (ExM) circumvents this limit by physically expanding preserved tissues embedded in a swellable hydrogel. Biomolecules of interest are covalently linked to a polymer matrix, which is then isotropically expanded at least 100-fold in size in pure water after mechanical homogenization of the tissue-gel. The sample can then be investigated with nanoscale precision using a conventional diffraction-limited microscope. The protocol described here is a variant of ExM that uses regents and equipment found in a typical biology laboratory and has been optimized for imaging proteins in expanded brain tissues. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol: Expansion microscopy for intact brain tissue.
Cardiac manifestations of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning. (1997)

Cardiac complications often accompany poisoning with these compounds, particularly during the first few hours. Hypoxaemia, acidosis, and electrolyte derangements are major predisposing factors. Intensive supportive treatment in intensive or coronary care facilities with administration of atropine in adequate doses early in the course of the illness will reduce the mortality.
Defect-engineered GaN:Mg nanowire arrays for overall water splitting under violet light (2015)

We report that by engineering the intra-gap defect related energy states in GaN nanowire arrays using Mg dopants, efficient and stable overall neutral water splitting can be achieved under violet light. Overall neutral water splitting on Rh/Cr2O3 co-catalyst decorated Mg doped GaN nanowires is demonstrated with intra-gap excitation up to 450 nm. Through optimized Mg doping, the absorbed photon conversion efficiency of GaN nanowires reaches ∼43% at 375–450 nm, providing a viable approach to extend the solar absorption of oxide and non-oxide photocatalysts.