gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A variable precharge voltage sensing (1995)

A new DRAM sensing approach that uses variable precharge voltage has been developed and analyzed in simulations. It uses a voltage swing only on the bit-line connected to the accessed cell. The bit-line precharge voltage varies from one RAS cycle to the next, depending on the level of the data in the accessed cell. The reference voltage for bit-line sensing is given by a new reference-cell control circuit without using a reference-voltage generator. The current required for sensing decreases as the precharge voltage increases, resulting in reduced power without any reduction of the sensing signal. Detailed analysis shows that the sensing current is only 2/3 of that in 1/2 T/sub DD/ sensing, even in the worst case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous expression of the S and L surface antigens of hepatitis B, and formation of mixed particles in the methylotrophic yeast, <i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> (1991)

An expression system has been developed for the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha and used to co-express both the L (preS1-S2-S) and S hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) under the control of strong methanol-inducible promoters derived from the methanol oxidase and from the formate dehydrogenase genes. A unique feature of this H. polymorpha expression system is the possibility of integrating up to 100 copies of an expression cassette via a multimeric integration mechanism. Several multimeric integrants containing various numbers of L and S expression cassettes were constructed to give a spectrum of strains characterized by different L to S ratios. The expression level of S antigen was 5-8% of the total soluble cell protein. Analysis by sucrose and CsCl density gradient centrifugation and by particle-specific immunoassays demonstrated that the synthesized HBsAg spontaneously assembled into composite subviral particles containing both S and L proteins. Only a minor portion of the L protein was found to be glycosylated. These H polymorpha-derived composite particles can be used for the production of a hepatitis B virus vaccine with the potential for improved immunogenicity due to the presence of a wider spectrum of epitopes and negligible glycosylation.
Hybrid Silicon Quantum Dot Comb Laser with Record Wide Comb Width (2020)

We present our work on a hybrid silicon quantum dot-based comb laser using wafer bonding. The device has a 3, 6, and 10 dB comb width of 12 nm, 18 nm, and 25 nm respectively.
VSwapper (2014)

The number of guest virtual machines that can be consolidated on one physical host is typically limited by the memory size, motivating memory overcommitment. Guests are given a choice to either install a "balloon" driver to coordinate the overcommitment activity, or to experience degraded performance due to uncooperative swapping. Ballooning, however, is not a complete solution, as hosts must still fall back on uncooperative swapping in various circumstances. Additionally, ballooning takes time to accommodate change, and so guests might experience degraded performance under changing conditions.
Block regional off‐resonance correction (BRORC): A fast and effective deblurring method for spiral imaging (2003)

One primary disadvantage of spiral imaging is blurring artifact due to off-resonance effects. The conventional frequency segmented off-resonance correction method that is performed over the entire image is computationally intense due to the large number of fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) required. Here, a new fast off-resonance correction method, block regional off-resonance correction (BRORC), is presented. In this method, off-resonance correction proceeds block-by-block through the reconstructed image with FFTs performed on matrices that are smaller than the full image matrix. The BRORC algorithm is typically several times more computationally efficient than the conventional off-resonance correction algorithm. Additional computational reductions can be expected for the BRORC if only specific image regions require deblurring. The newly proposed off-resonance correction method offers significant speed advantages and equivalent image quality when compared to conventional off-resonance correction methods.
MotionBeam (2010)

In this paper we present a novel interaction metaphor for handheld projectors we label MotionBeam. We detail a number of interaction techniques that utilize the physical movement of a handheld projector to better express the motion and physicality of projected objects. Finally we present the first iteration of a projected character design that uses the MotionBeam metaphor for user interaction.
Error Resilient Decoding of JPEG2000 (2007)

In this letter, we investigate the error resilience properties of JPEG2000. We identify the dependencies among coding passes of a codeblock codestream, and determine the sections of the codestream that can be salvaged in the presence of errors. In our analysis, we consider the effects of mode variations provided by the standard. The proposed methods are derived using the existing dependency structure of coding passes and do not require a substantial increase in computational complexity of the decoder. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods can improve the error resilience performance substantially.
Galilean monocentric multiscale optical systems (2017)

The first generation of monocentric multiscale gigapixel cameras used Keplerian designs to enable full field coverage. This paper considers alternative designs that remove the requirement that adjacent subimages overlap. Removing this constraint enables Galilean designs that reduce system volume and improve relative illumination and image quality. The entrance aperture can also be moved to more closely approximate telecentricity and gaps in the field of view can be filled using multiple co-boresighted MMS cameras. Even with multiple cameras, Galilean systems can still reduce the total volume by 10 times relative to previous Keplerian designs.
Role of plasticizers on the characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride)-membrane lithium-selective electrodes based on phenanthroline derivatives (1995)

Ion selectivities of PVC-membrane lithium-selective electrodes based on 2,9-dibutyl-1,10-phenanthroline were tested for various plasticizers which were used as solvent mediators to incorporate the carrier into the membrane. Selectivity coefficients were measured by several methods, including separate and mixed solutions methods. It was confirmed that differences in the method gave only small differences in the measured selectivity coefficients. Among the plasticizers used, o-nitrophenyl phenyl ether gave the best lithium selectivity towards other alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. The selectivity attained was log kLi,Na=–3.3 (2000 times preference for Li+ over Na+), which proves to be the best lithium-selective electrode so far reported in the literature. The impedance measurement was carried out for two kinds of membranes with different plasticizers, to find out the mechanism of the improved lithium selectivity. It was found that the membrane resistance has only slight correlation with the improved lithium selectivity. The high rate of cation–neutral carrier complexation (1:2 ratio) was inferred to be the significant factor in determining high lithium selectivities. The role of plasticizers as a medium of complexation was demonstrated.
Highly sensitive optical measurement techniques based on acousto-optic devices (1994)

An optical measurement technique is presented that permits a direct measurement of the differential transmission or reflectivity of a sample. The technique is based on the use of an acousto-optic device to modulate rapidly the incident angle or wavelength of the probe beam. Detection of the resulting modulated signal by means of a lock-in amplifier gives a direct measure of the differential optical properties of the sample. It is demonstrated that this direct measurement of the differential can strongly enhance normally undetectable optical features, such as weakly coupled, Otto geometry surface plasmon polaritons. A development of the technique, which uses the optical analog of a phase-locked loop, is demonstrated to have an angular resolution of 6 × 10(-6) deg. This permits the detection of the shift in the critical angle caused by a change of 10(-6) in the refractive index of a gas mixture.
Breast Density Classification Using a Bag of Features and an SVM Classifier (2017)

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, as well as the leading cause of mortality among women. Numerous attempts have been made in developing automated systems for identifying cancerous tissues from mammographic images. Breast density, in particular, is seen as the main characteristic used in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. As such, breast density classification is seen as a crucial preprocessing stage in cancer detection. Here, we propose a new image preprocessing density classification approach for early detection of cancer from mammogram images using a set of robust texture and edge related features combined with an SVM classifier. The proposed algorithm achieves an accurate density classification of 93.56% for Low and High densities. The results were validated using the IRMA database. A comparison to state-of-the-art has been carried and showed that the proposed approach achieves improved performance in terms of density classification accuracy.
Single-Channel Backward-Compatible EDTV Systems (1988)

In this paper, we describe some methods for adding additional information to a compatible NTSC broadcast signal so that an advanced receiver can decode that information to provide improved picture quality (Extended Definition Television, EDTV), while a standard NTSC receiver will display an image with minimally visible impairments. In particular, we transmit chrominance information at one half the frame rate and use alternate frames to encode high definition luminance information in the chrominance signal. This is useful for any EDTV system. We also suggest a particular design where we usurp some active lines from the top and bottom of the picture and encode augmentation information into this region so that both the EDTV and the NTSC receiver receive similar looking wide screen pictures, the EDTV one containing greater resolution.
Demonstration of a 4H SiC Betavoltaic Cell (2006)

A betavoltaic cell in 4H SiC is demonstrated. An abrupt p-n diode structure was used to collect the charge from a 1mCi Ni-63 source. An open circuit voltage of 0.95V and a short circuit current density of 8.8 nA/cm2 were measured in a single p-n junction. An efficiency of 3.7% was obtained. A simple photovoltaic type model was used to explain the results. Good correspondence with the model was obtained. Fill factor and backscattering effects were included. Efficiency was limited by edge recombination and poor fill factor.
Properties and performance of EUVL pellicle membranes (2015)

EUV mask protection during handling and exposure remains a challenge for high volume manufacturing using EUV scanners. A thin, transparent membrane can be mounted above the mask pattern so that any particle that falls onto the front of the mask is held out of focus and does not image. The fluoropolymer membranes that are compatible with 193nm lithography absorb too strongly at the 13.5nm EUV exposure wavelength to be considered. Initially, the industry planned to expose EUV masks without any pellicle; however, the time and cost of fabricating and qualifying an EUV mask is simply too high to risk decimating wafer yield each time a particle falls onto the mask pattern. Despite the challenges of identifying a membrane for EUV, the industry has returned to the pellicle concept for protection. EUVL pellicles have been in development for more than a decade and reasonable options exist. Meeting all pellicle requirements is difficult, so this type of risk-mitigation effort is needed to ensure that there is a viable high-volume manufacturing option. This paper first reviews the desired membrane properties for EUVL pellicles. Next, candidate materials are introduced based on reported properties and compatibility with fabrication. Finally a set of candidate membranes are fabricated. These membranes are screened using a simplified set of tests to assess their suitability as an EUV pellicle. EUV transmission, film stress, and film durability data are included. The results are presented along with general guidelines for pellicle membrane properties for EUV manufacturing.
Calcium-binding phospholipids as a coating material for implant osteointegration (2005)

Among the many biomolecules involved in the bone mineralization processes, anionic phospholipids play an important role because of their ability to bind calcium. In particular, phosphatidylserine is a natural component of the plasmalemma and of the matrix vesicles generated from the osteoblast membrane to create nucleation centres for calcium phosphate crystal precipitation. In the present work, we demonstrate that calcium-binding phospholipids can be used as biomimetic coating materials for improving the osteointegration of metal implants. Relatively thick phosphatidylserine-based coatings were deposited on titanium coupons by dip-coating. Upon dehydration in a simulated body fluid phospholipids were quickly crosslinked by calcium and re-arranged into a three-dimensional matrix able to induce rapid formation of a calcium phosphate mineral phase. The rate of mineralization was shown to be dependent on the adopted coating formulation. In the attempt to closely mimic the cell membrane composition, heterogeneous formulations based on the mixing of anionic phospholipids (either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol) with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were synthesized. However, surface plasmon resonance studies as well as scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis demonstrated that the homogeneous phosphatidylserine coating was a more effective calcification environment than the heterogeneous formulations.
The Application of a Thermal Efficiency Maximizing Control Strategy for Ignition Timing and Equivalence Ratio on a Natural Gas-Fueled Hercules G1600 (1996)

A two-dimensional optimization process, which simultaneously adjusts the spark timing and equivalence ratio of a lean-burn, natural gas, Hercules G1600 engine, has been demonstrated. First, the three-dimensional surface of thermal efficiency was mapped versus spark timing and equivalence ratio at a single speed and load combination. Then the ability of the control system to find and hold the combination of timing and equivalence ratio that gives the highest thermal efficiency was explored. NOx, CO, and HC maps were also constructed from our experimental data to determine the tradeoffs between efficiency and emissions. The optimization process adds small synchronous disturbances to the spark timing and air flow while the fuel injected per cycle is held constant for four cycles. The engine speed response to these disturbances is used to determine the corrections for spark timing and equivalence ratio. The control process, in effect, uses the engine itself as the primary sensor. The control system can adapt to changes in fuel composition, operating conditions, engine wear, or other factors that may not be easily measured. Although this strategy was previously demonstrated in a Volkswagen 1.7 liter light duty engine (Franklin et al., 1994b), until now it has not been demonstrated in a heavy-duty engine. This paper covers the application of the approach to a Hercules G1600 engine.
Adaptable filtering device and method for filtering sonar signals to remove reverberation signals due to vehicle speed and trim and the sea surface and sea bottom (1986)

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A new padding technique for coding of arbitrarily-shaped image/video segments (1999)

Object-based coding is becoming more and more important in today's multimedia applications. Shape-adaptive DCT (SA-DCT) provides a useful tool for coding of arbitrarily-shaped image/video segments which is indispensable to achieve object-based coding. In this paper, we introduce a new padding technique based on which the arbitrarily-shaped DCT can be implemented using normal N×N DCT. The new padding is carried out for each arbitrarily-shaped block in such a way that the number of non-zero coefficients after DCT is guaranteed to be no more than that of the original image data, thereby never expanding the data set in the DCT-domain. Arbitrarily-shaped DCT coding based on this padding technique is developed, and then analyzed and compared against some of the existing algorithms in terms of rate-distortion performance, computational complexity, and implementation cost.
Beryllium Measurement in Commercially Available Wet Wipes (2011)

Analysis for beryllium by fluorescence is now an established method which is used in many government run laboratories and commercial facilities. This study investigates the use of this technique using commercially available wet wipes. The fluorescence method is widely documented [1,2] and has been approved as a standard test method by the ASTM International and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The procedure involves dissolution of samples in an aqueous ammonium bifluoride solution and then adding a small aliquot to a basic hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate fluorescent dye, (Berylliant™, Inc., Detection Solution Part #CH-2) and measuring the fluorescence. This method is specific to beryllium. This work will explore the use of three different commercial wipes spiked with beryllium as beryllium acetate or as beryllium oxide and subsequent analysis by optical fluorescence. The effect of possible interfering metals such as Fe, Ti, and Pu in the wipe medium is also examined.
Discovery of Allosteric Modulators of Factor XIa by Targeting Hydrophobic Domains Adjacent to Its Heparin-Binding Site (2013)

To discover promising sulfated allosteric modulators (SAMs) of glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins (GBPs), such as human factor XIa (FXIa), we screened a library of 26 synthetic, sulfated quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (QAOs) resulting in the identification of six molecules that reduced the Vmax of substrate hydrolysis without influencing the KM. Mutagenesis of residues of the heparin-binding site (HBS) of FXIa introduced a nearly 5-fold loss in inhibition potency supporting recognition of an allosteric site. Fluorescence studies showed a sigmoidal binding profile indicating highly cooperative binding. Competition with a positively charged, heparin-binding polymer did not fully nullify inhibition suggesting importance of hydrophobic forces to binding. This discovery suggests the operation of a dual-element recognition process, which relies on an initial Coulombic attraction of anionic SAMs to the cationic HBS of FXIa that forms a locked complex through tight interaction with an adjacent hydrophobic patch. The dual-element strategy may be widely applicable for discovering SAMs of other GBPs.
Identification of a SNP in a Regulatory Region of GJB2 Associated With Idiopathic Nonsyndromic Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss in a Multicenter Study (2013)

These results suggest that the rs117685390 C allele could represent a biomarker for the development of NSHI in Caucasian populations and may be included in risk assessment for the development of NSHI.
Functional identification of rice <i>syn</i>‐copalyl diphosphate synthase and its role in initiating biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexin/allelopathic natural products (2004)

Rice produces a number of phytoalexins, and at least one allelopathic agent, from syn-copalyl diphosphate (CPP), representing the only known metabolic fate for this compound. Thus, the class II terpene synthase that converts the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to syn-CPP catalyzes the committed step in biosynthesis of these natural products. Here the extensive sequence information available for rice was coupled to recombinant expression and functional analysis to identify syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase (OsCPSsyn). In addition, OsCPSsyn mRNA was found to be specifically induced in leaves by conditions that stimulate phytoalexin biosynthesis. Therefore, transcription of OsCPSsyn seems to be an important regulatory point for controlling the production of these defensive compounds. Finally, alignments carried out with OsCPSsyn revealed that class II terpene synthases exhibit a sequence conservation pattern substantially different from that of the prototypical class I enzymes. One particularly notable feature is the specific conservation of the functionally cryptic 'insertional' sequence element in class II terpene synthases, indicating that this region is important for the corresponding cyclization reaction.
Optical Digital Signal Processing in a Single SOA Without Assist Probe Light (2010)

By exploiting nonlinear effects in a single semiconductor optical amplifier, different functionalities for all-optical digital signal processing applications are implemented. In particular, we demonstrate all-optical exclusive-OR (XOR) logical operation and all-optical binary-to-quaternary ASK format conversion suitable for 2-bit all-optical digital-to-analog conversion (DAC). Both operations are performed without the use of any extra probe light beam. Beside the advantage of reduced complexity in terms of number of active elements the proposed architecture allows to preserve the input signal wavelength at the gate output and is suitable for photonic integration. Error-free operation at 10 Gb/s is demonstrated for the all-optical XOR gate, whereas correct dynamic operation, always at 10 Gb/s is observed for the binary-to-quaternary ASK format converter. Based on the proposed single semiconductor optical amplifier architecture a possible implementation of 3-bit DAC scheme with reduced number of active gates with respect to previously reported schemes is also presented.
The role of buffer gases in optoacoustic spectroscopy (1978)

The dependence of an acoustically resonant optoacoustic signal on the molecular weight and thermodynamic and transport properpties of the buffer gas is reported. Our results show that careful selection of such gases can significantly increase the sensitivity and flexibility of optoacoustic spectroscopy. We also demonstrate that such thermodynamic quantities as γ (≡Cp/Cv) and sound velocity can now be measured readily and accurately. Other potential applications are suggested.
Model-based (passive) heart rate estimation using remote video recording of moving human subjects illuminated by ambient light (2015)

This paper addresses the video processing problem of passively estimating the heart rate of a human subject that is being video recorded in ambient light in natural conditions in which some motion is allowable. This extends previous work in which control over lighting and motion are required. A mathematical model is developed for the measured pixels on the subject's forehead. This model includes (1) a Markov process that accounts for the large scale but slowly fluctuating variations in reflected light, and (2) a quasi-periodic process to model the relatively small heart beat component. A framework for estimating these components is proposed and results of applying this method to real data recordings is presented. Results are compared to heart rate obtained from a pulse oximeter attached to the subject's finger.