gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of an artificial beta cell system and its validation in depancreatized dogs: the physiological restoration of blood glucose homeostasis. (1979)

An instrument for the control of blood glucose in a closed-loop fashion has been developed. This artificial beta cell consists of 4 subunits: a Glucose Monitor, a Microcomputer, an Insulin Infusion Pump and a Printer. Its internal control algorithm was derived from the modeled dynamics of glucose-induced insulin secretion, and includes the effects of both the proportional and derivative actions of blood glucose concentration, and is expressed as: IIR = Kp . BG + Kd . deltaBG + Kc, where IIR is insulin infusion rate, BG and deltaBG are blood glucose concentration and rate of change in glycemia, respectively. Kp and Kd are individual coefficients and Kc is a constant of basal insulin secretion. The performance of this system was studied with various kinds of glucose challenges on anaesthetized depancreatized dogs. Its notable characteristics were: 1) the insulin infusion rate was such as to maintain physiological insulin levels, and 2) dextrose or glucagon infusions were not required.
Matrix-Binding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Isoforms Guide Granule Cell Migration in the Cerebellum via VEGF Receptor Flk1 (2010)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis, but also has important, yet poorly characterized roles in neuronal wiring. Using several genetic and in vitro approaches, we discovered a novel role for VEGF in the control of cerebellar granule cell (GC) migration from the external granule cell layer (EGL) toward the Purkinje cell layer (PCL). GCs express the VEGF receptor Flk1, and are chemoattracted by VEGF, whose levels are higher in the PCL than EGL. Lowering VEGF levels in mice in vivo or ectopic VEGF expression in the EGL ex vivo perturbs GC migration. Using GC-specific Flk1 knock-out mice, we provide for the first time in vivo evidence for a direct chemoattractive effect of VEGF on neurons via Flk1 signaling. Finally, using knock-in mice expressing single VEGF isoforms, we show that pericellular deposition of matrix-bound VEGF isoforms around PC dendrites is necessary for proper GC migration in vivo. These findings identify a previously unknown role for VEGF in neuronal migration.
Recruitment of High Avidity Antigen Specific T Cells With T Regulatory Cell Modulation (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): OVERCOMING IMMUNOSUPPRESSION/TOLERANCE IN CANCER PATIENTS
Running model and hopping robot using pelvic movement and leg elasticity (2014)

Human running motion can be modeled by a spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP). However, this model, despite being widely used in robotics, does not include human-like pelvic motion. In this study, we show that the pelvis actually contributes to the increase in jumping force and absorption of landing impact, both of which findings can be used to improve running robots. On the basis of the analysis of human running motion, we propose a new model named SLIP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (spring loaded inverted pendulum using pelvis). This model is composed of a body mass, a pelvis, and leg springs; the model can control its springs during running by use of pelvic movement in the frontal plane. To achieve hopping and running motions, we developed pelvis oscillation control, running velocity control, and stabilization control using an upper body, as control methods. We also developed a new hopping robot using the SLIP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> model. To evaluate the proposed model and control methods, we performed hopping and running simulations. The simulation results showed that the SLIP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> model successfully achieves hopping and running motions. The hopping robot was also able to accomplish hopping motion. The simulation results also showed that the difference between the pelvic rotational phase and the phase of oscillation of the mass vertical displacement affects the jumping force. In particular, the results revealed that the human-like pelvic rotation contributes to the absorption of landing impact and to the increase in takeoff forces, which validates our observations in human motion analysis.
Binding Properties of Aromatic Carbon-Bound Fluorine (2006)

A systematic computational analysis of the ability of aromatic carbon-bound fluorine to participate in hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions has been completed. The interaction energies between the most common fluoroaromatics used in medicinal chemistry and both water, the prototypical hydrogen bond donor, and several cations have been calculated at different levels of theory (HF, MP2, DFT). Our results show that aromatic fluorine can participate in significant hydrogen bonds and can also interact with charged molecules.
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using Amplatzer occluder device (2003)

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) using Amplatzer occluder device. Methods Twenty two patients with PDA were treated by transcatheter closure using Amplatzer occluder device.All patients were diagnosed definitely by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) before the procedure. TTE was performed at 3 day and 3 mnths after the procedure, respectively. Results No continuous murmur was heard in all patients instantly after the procedure. Aortography showed that the lesions were closed completely in 18 cases (81.8%), only a little residual shunt remained in four cases 15 minutes after the procedure. TTE revealed that only one patient had a little residual shunt at 3 months after procedure,and disappeared at one year. No complication was found in all patients except one who had pericardial effusion. In a follow up of 3 months, no device displacement, recanalization of ductus arteriosus and pulmonary stenosis appeared. Conclusion Transcatheter closure of PDA using Amplatzer occluder device has high rate of success,wide indication, and little trauma. Therefore,it is an ideal procedure in treatment of PDA at present.
Desorption corona beam ionization source for mass spectrometry (2010)

A novel Desorption Corona Beam Ionization (DCBI) source for direct analysis of samples from surface in mass spectrometry is reported. The DCBI source can work under ambient conditions without time-consuming sample pretreatments. The source shares some common features with another ionization source - Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART), developed earlier. For example, helium was used as the discharge gas (although only corona discharge is involved in the present source), and heating of the discharge gas is required for sample desorption. However, the difference between the two sources is substantial. In the present source, a visible thin corona beam extending out around 1 cm can be formed by using a hollow needle/ring electrode structure. This feature would greatly facilitate localizing sampling areas and performing imaging/profiling experiments. The DCBI source is also capable of performing progressive temperature scans between room temperature and 450 degrees C in order to sequentially desorb samples from the surface and, therefore, to achieve a rough separation of the individual components in a complex mixture, resulting in less congestion in the mass spectrum acquired. Mass spectra for a broad range of compounds (pesticides, veterinary additives, OTC drugs, explosive materials) have been acquired using the DCBI source. For most of the compounds tested, the heater temperature required for efficient desorption is at least 150 degrees C. The molecular weight of the sample that can be desorbed/ionized is normally below 600 dalton even at the highest heater temperature, which is mainly limited by the volatility of the sample.
Off-line cursive script word recognition (1989)

Cursive script word recognition is the problem of transforming a word from the iconic form of cursive writing to its symbolic form. Several component processes of a recognition system for isolated offline cursive script words are described. A word image is transformed through a hierarchy of representation levels: points, contours, features, letters, and words. A unique feature representation is generated bottom-up from the image using statistical dependences between letters and features. Ratings for partially formed words are computed using a stack algorithm and a lexicon represented as a trie. Several novel techniques for low- and intermediate-level processing for cursive script are described, including heuristics for reference line finding, letter segmentation based on detecting local minima along the lower contour and areas with low vertical profiles, simultaneous encoding of contours and their topological relationships, extracting features, and finding shape-oriented events. Experiments demonstrating the performance of the system are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensor data fusion using Kalman filter (2000)

Autonomous robots and vehicles need accurate positioning and localization for their guidance, navigation and control. Often, two or more different sensors are used to obtain reliable data useful for control systems. The paper presents the data fusion system for mobile robot navigation. Odometry and sonar signals are fused using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Adaptive Fuzzy Logic System (AFLS). The signals used during navigation cannot be always considered as white noise signals. On the other hand, colored signals will cause the EKF to diverge. The AFLS was used to adapt the gain and therefore prevent Kalman filter divergence. The fused signal is more accurate than any of the original signals considered separately. The enhanced more accurate signal is used to guide and navigate the robot.
A2B Adenosine Receptor Blockade Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Bacterial Phagocytosis and Improves Polymicrobial Sepsis Survival in Mice (2011)

Antimicrobial treatment strategies must improve to reduce the high mortality rates in septic patients. In noninfectious models of acute inflammation, activation of A2B adenosine receptors (A2BR) in extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments causes immunosuppression. We examined A2BR in antibacterial responses in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Antagonism of A2BR significantly increased survival, enhanced bacterial phagocytosis, and decreased IL-6 and MIP-2 (a CXC chemokine) levels after CLP in outbred (ICR/CD-1) mice. During the CLP-induced septic response in A2BR knockout mice, hemodynamic parameters were improved compared with wild-type mice in addition to better survival and decreased plasma IL-6 levels. A2BR deficiency resulted in a dramatic 4-log reduction in peritoneal bacteria. The mechanism of these improvements was due to enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity without augmenting neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria. Following ex vivo LPS stimulation, septic macrophages from A2BR knockout mice had increased IL-6 and TNF-α secretion compared with wild-type mice. A therapeutic intervention with A2BR blockade was studied by using a plasma biomarker to direct therapy to those mice predicted to die. Pharmacological blockade of A2BR even 32 h after the onset of sepsis increased survival by 65% in those mice predicted to die. Thus, even the late treatment with an A2BR antagonist significantly improved survival of mice (ICR/CD-1) that were otherwise determined to die according to plasma IL-6 levels. Our findings of enhanced bacterial clearance and host survival suggest that antagonism of A2BRs offers a therapeutic target to improve macrophage function in a late treatment protocol that improves sepsis survival.
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Physical Processes in Human Glioblastoma (2014)

The most common malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease with a grim prognosis. Patient survival is typically less than two years and fewer than 10% of patients survive more than five years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can have great utility in the diagnosis, grading, and management of patients with GBM as many of the physical manifestations of the pathologic processes in GBM can be visualized and quantified using MRI. Newer MRI techniques such as dynamic contrast enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI provide functional information about the tumor hemodynamic status. Diffusion MRI can shed light on tumor cellularity and the disruption of white matter tracts in the proximity of tumors. MR spectroscopy can be used to study new tumor tissue markers such as IDH mutations. MRI is helping to noninvasively explore the link between the molecular basis of gliomas and the imaging characteristics of their physical processes. We, here, review several approaches to MR-based imaging and discuss the potential for these techniques to quantify the physical processes in glioblastoma, including tumor cellularity and vascularity, metabolite expression, and patterns of tumor growth and recurrence. We conclude with challenges and opportunities for further research in applying physical principles to better understand the biologic process in this deadly disease. See all articles in this Cancer Research section, "Physics in Cancer Research."
Quality and Safety of Screening Colonoscopies Performed by Primary Care Physicians With Standby Specialist Support (2010)

In the largest published study of PCP-performed colonoscopies with standby specialist support, we observed performance quality indicators and lesion detection rates that are comparable to documented rates for experienced gastroenterologists. Systems that use PCPs with specialist backup support enable high-quality colonoscopy performance by PCPs.
Long-Term Antidepressant Treatment Decreases Spiroperidol-Labeled Serotonin Receptor Binding (1980)

Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.
Voltage output of efficient perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and fill factor (2014)

The voltage output of perovskite solar cells is found to be dependent on both the energy level of perovskite itself as a solar absorber and hole transporting materials.
Cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the argH gene from Campylobacter jejuni TGH9011 encoding argininosuccinate lyase (1994)

The complete structural gene for argininosuccinate lyase (argH) from Campylobacter jejuni TGH9011 has been cloned into Escherichia coli by complementation of an E. coli argH auxotrophic mutant. The gene has been subcloned for sequencing on a 4.1-kb DNA segment and localized by the complementing activity of deletion mutants. The complete DNA sequence of the C. jejuni argH gene was determined. The transcription start point for argH mRNA was determined by primer extension analysis and found to be within the coding sequence of the upstream gene, identified as the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (ppc). The argininosuccinate lyase and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reading frames overlap by one base, the second example of this phenomenon in C. jejuni chromosomal genes. The enzyme has a deduced subunit molecular weight of 51,831. Recombinant plasmids containing the argH gene generate a 56-kDa protein and a 43-kDa protein in E. coli maxicells. An alternate translation initiation producing a polypeptide with a deduced molecular mass of 42 kDa may account for the smaller protein observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The C. jejuni argH gene shows nucleotide homology to both yeast and human argininosuccinate lyase genes, and conserved amino acid domains are evident between the corresponding proteins.
Bilateral Activation of Motor Unit Potentials with Unilateral Needle Stimulation of Active Myofascial Trigger Points (2004)

We demonstrated bilateral or mirror-image electromyographic activity associated with unilateral needle stimulation of active MTrPs. We have found no previous mention of this phenomenon in the literature. Our study supports the concept that the perpetuation of pain and muscle dysfunction in active MTrPs may be related to abnormal central nervous system processing of sensory input at the level of the spinal cord.
The Hemophore HasA from <i>Yersinia pestis</i> (HasA<sub>yp</sub>) Coordinates Hemin with a Single Residue, Tyr75, and with Minimal Conformational Change (2013)

Hemophores from Serratia marcescens (HasA(sm)) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasA(p)) bind hemin between two loops, which harbor the axial ligands H32 and Y75. Hemin binding to the Y75 loop triggers closing of the H32 loop and enables binding of H32. Because Yersinia pestis HasA (HasA(yp)) presents a Gln at position 32, we determined the structures of apo- and holo-HasA(yp). Surprisingly, the Q32 loop in apo-HasA(yp) is already in the closed conformation, but no residue from the Q32 loop binds hemin in holo-HasA(yp). In agreement with the minimal reorganization between the apo- and holo-structures, the hemin on-rate is too fast to detect by conventional stopped-flow measurements.
An intestinal sphingolipid confers intergenerational neuroprotection (2023)

In animals, maternal diet and environment can influence the health of offspring. Whether and how maternal dietary choice impacts the nervous system across multiple generations is not well understood. Here we show that feeding Caenorhabditis elegans with ursolic acid, a natural plant product, improves axon transport and reduces adult-onset axon fragility intergenerationally. Ursolic acid provides neuroprotection by enhancing maternal provisioning of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a bioactive sphingolipid. Intestine-to-oocyte sphingosine-1-phosphate transfer is required for intergenerational neuroprotection and is dependent on the RME-2 lipoprotein yolk receptor. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts intergenerationally by upregulating the transcription of the acid ceramidase-1 (asah-1) gene in the intestine. Spatial regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is critical, as inappropriate asah-1 expression in neurons causes developmental axon outgrowth defects. Our results show that sphingolipid homeostasis impacts the development and intergenerational health of the nervous system. The ability of specific lipid metabolites to act as messengers between generations may have broad implications for dietary choice during reproduction.
Internet bad neighborhoods aggregation (2012)

Internet Bad Neighborhoods have proven to be an innovative approach for fighting spam. They have also helped to understand how spammers are distributed on the Internet. In our previous works, the size of each bad neighborhood was fixed to a /24 subnetwork. In this paper, however, we investigate if it is feasible to aggregate Internet bad neighborhoods not only at /24, but to any network prefix. To do that, we propose two different aggregation strategies: fixed prefix and variable prefix. The motivation for doing that is to reduce the number of entries in the bad neighborhood list, thus reducing memory storage requirements for intrusion detection solutions. We also introduce two error measures that allow to quantify how much error was incurred by the aggregation process. An evaluation of both strategies was conducted by analyzing real world data in our aggregation prototype.
Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Benzoannulated Spiroacetals by Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling/Acid-Catalyzed Spiroacetalization (2012)

Substituted benzoannulated spiroacetals were prepared from (2-haloaryl)alkyl alcohols and dihydropyranyl or dihydrofuranyl pinacol boronates using a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by an acid-catalyzed spirocyclization. Application of the reaction to a glycal boronate provides an approach to annulated spiroacetals in enantiopure form.
An information theoretic framework for predictive channel reservation in VoIP over GPRS (2006)

Abstract The wireless telecommunication industry is now slowly shifting its paradigm from traditional, circuit‐switched, voice‐alone domain to an integrated packet‐switched architecture. This will give rise to a variety of new applications, in the same infrastructure, in a cost‐efficient way. However, due to the delay and dilemma behind new 3 G mobile applications, it is important to use the legacy 2.5 G access systems as much as possible, to make the transition smooth. The recent industry‐wide trend towards push‐to‐talk voice services in GPRS networks is a direct consequence of this emerging packet‐switch services. In this paper, we propose a packet‐switched‐based architectural framework for efficient integrated push‐to‐talk voice (or VoIP) and data services in GPRS using low‐bit‐rate coding. The prime novelty and advantage of the framework lies in proposing new intelligent, advanced channel reservation techniques to reduce the voice‐packet delay. Subsequent use of packet‐classification and packet assembly scheme aids in reducing the packet overhead and achieving the voice quality within ITU's recommendations. The mutual effects of data and voice packets over the entire system is analysed using suitable, two‐stage performance modelling. It has also been shown that, for voice over IP (VoIP) services, our proposed framework results in more than 50% capacity gain over current GSM system using a silent‐detection mechanism. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in a wide array of key biological processes. Eukaryotic cells, and also bacteria, actively release heterogeneous subtypes of EVs into the extracellular space, where their contents reflect their (sub)cellular origin and the physiologic state of the parent cell. Within the past 20 years, presumed subtypes of EVs have been given a rather confusing diversity of names, including exosomes, microvesicles, ectosomes, microparticles, virosomes, virus-like particles, and oncosomes, and these names are variously defined by biogenesis, physical characteristics, or function. The latter category, functions, in particular the transmission of biological signals between cells in vivo and how EVs control biological processes, has garnered much interest. EVs have pathophysiological properties in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious disease, and cardiovascular disease, highlighting possibilities not only for minimally invasive diagnostic applications but also for therapeutic interventions, like macromolecular drug delivery. Yet, in order to pursue therapies involving EVs and delivering their cargo, a better grasp of EV targeting is needed. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning EV uptake by receptor-ligand interactions with recipient cells, highlighting once again the overlap of EVs and viruses. Despite their highly heterogeneous nature, EVs require common viral entry pathways, and an unanticipated specificity for cargo delivery is being revealed. We discuss the challenges ahead in delineating specific roles for EV-associated ligands and cellular receptors.