gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antenna-in-Package Design Considerations for Ka-Band 5G Communication Applications (2017)

Phased-array modules at frequencies >20 GHz are expected to play an important role for 5G applications. Antenna-in-package (AiP) is a reliable and cost-effective method to realize these phased arrays. This paper introduces a practical Ka-band AiP structure and discusses the antenna element design and implementation tradeoffs. The AiP design is based on multilayer organic buildup substrates that are suitable for phased-array module integration needs and supports both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Measurement results from the fabricated antenna prototypes show 0.8 GHz return loss bandwidth and 3.8-dBi peak gain at 30.5 GHz. Simulation results agree with the measured ones.
Making a field effect transistor on a single graphene nanoribbon by selective doping (2007)

Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we show a metal-semiconductor transition of a metallic graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges induced by substitutional doping of nitrogen or boron atoms at the edges. A field effect transistor consisting of a metal-semiconductor-metal junction can then be constructed by selective doping of the ribbon edges. The current-voltage characteristics of such a prototype device is determined by the first-principles quantum transport calculations.
Alpha-2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Effects of Pergolide (1987)

The alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated effects of pergolide were investigated in a number of biochemical and pharmacological test systems. In radioligand binding studies, pergolide more effectively competed for alpha 2-adrenoceptors than for alpha 1-adrenoceptors in membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Consistent with this finding was the observation that pergolide was several orders of magnitude more effective in activating presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat vas deferens to inhibit stimulation-evoked [3H]-norepinephrine release than in activating postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the same tissue to produce a contractile response. Pergolide elicited a potent vasopressor response in pithed rats that was highly sensitive to antagonism by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, and resistant to blockade by the selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, suggesting that pergolide selectively activates postsynaptic vascular alpha 2-adrenoceptors. The results of the present study indicate that the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated effects commonly associated with pergolide result from selective stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Use of a poly(ether imide) coating to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) implant for orthopedic applications (2012)

This study investigated the utility of poly(ether imide) (PEI) coating for improving the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) implants for orthopedic application. In particular, the microstructure of the PEI coating layers was controlled by the adjustment of the temperature used to dry the spin-coated wet PEI films. When a wet PEI film was dried at 4°C, a relatively thick and porous coating layer was achieved as a result of an extensive exchange of the solvent with water in a moist environment. In contrast, when a wet PEI film was dried at 70°C, a relatively thin and dense layer was created due to the faster evaporation of the solvent with a negligible exchange of the solvent with water. The porous PEI coating layer showed higher stability than did the dense one when immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF), which was presumably attributed to the formation of chemical bonding between the PEI and the Mg substrate. Both the porous and the dense PEI coated Mg specimens showed significantly improved in vitro biocompatibility, which were assessed in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. However, interestingly, the dense PEI coating layer showed greater cell proliferation and differentiation than did the porous layer. .
Challenge of human Jurkat T-cells with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin elicits major changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression by up-regulating PDE3 and inducing PDE4D1 and PDE4D2 splice variants as well as down-regulating a novel PDE4A splice variant (1997)

The cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and PDE4 isoforms provide the major cAMP-hydrolysing PDE activities in Jurkat T-cells, with additional contributions from the PDE1 and PDE2 isoforms. Challenge of cells with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin led to a rapid, albeit transient, increase in PDE3 activity occurring over the first 45 min, followed by a sustained increase in PDE3 activity which began after approximately 3 h and continued for at least 24 h. Only this second phase of increase in PDE3 activity was blocked by the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. After approximately 3 h of exposure to forskolin, PDE4 activity had increased, via a process that could be inhibited by actinomycin D, and it remained elevated for at least a 24 h period. Such actions of forskolin were mimicked by cholera toxin and 8-bromo-cAMP. Forskolin increased intracellular cAMP concentrations in a time-dependent fashion and its action was enhanced when PDE induction was blocked with actinomycin D. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis, using generic primers designed to detect transcripts representing enzymically active products of the four PDE4 genes, identified transcripts for PDE4A and PDE4D but not for PDE4B or PDE4C in untreated Jurkat T-cells. Forskolin treatment did not induce transcripts for either PDE4B or PDE4C; however, it reduced the RT-PCR signal for PDE4A transcripts and markedly enhanced that for PDE4D transcripts. Using RT-PCR primers for PDE4 splice variants, a weak signal for PDE4D1 was evident in control cells whereas, in forskolin-treated cells, clear signals for both PDE4D1 and PDE4D2 were detected. RT-PCR analysis of the PDE4A species indicated that it was not the PDE4A isoform PDE-46 (PDE4A4B). Immunoblotting of control cells for PDE4 forms identified a single PDE4A species of approximately 118 kDa, which migrated distinctly from the PDE4A4B isoform PDE-46, with immunoprecipitation analyses showing that it provided all of the PDE4 activity in control cells. Forskolin treatment led to a marked decrease of this novel PDE4A species and allowed the detection of a strong signal for an approximately 67 kDa PDE4D species, suggested to be PDE4D1, but did not induce PDE4B and PDE4C isoforms. Elevation of intracellular cAMP concentrations in Jurkat T-cells thus exerts a highly selective effect on the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding the various PDE4 isoforms. This leads to the down-regulation of a novel PDE4A splice variant and the induction of PDE4D1 and PDE4D2 splice variants, leading to a net increase in the total PDE4 activity of Jurkat T-cells.
Association between markers of emphysema and more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006)

These results suggest that COPD associated with HRCT confirmed emphysema is characterised by more severe lung function impairment, more intense airway inflammation and, possibly, more serious systemic dysfunction than COPD not associated with HRCT confirmed emphysema.
Efficient skeletonization of volumetric objects (1999)

Skeletonization promises to become a powerful tool for compact shape description, path planning, and other applications. However, current techniques can seldom efficiently process real, complicated 3D data sets, such as MRI and CT data of human organs. In this paper, we present an efficient voxel-coding based algorithm for Skeletonization of 3D voxelized objects. The skeletons are interpreted as connected centerlines. consisting of sequences of medial points of consecutive clusters. These centerlines are initially extracted as paths of voxels, followed by medial point replacement, refinement, smoothness, and connection operations. The voxel-coding techniques have been proposed for each of these operations in a uniform and systematic fashion. In addition to preserving basic connectivity and centeredness, the algorithm is characterized by straightforward computation, no sensitivity to object boundary complexity, explicit extraction of ready-to-parameterize and branch-controlled skeletons, and efficient object hole detection. These issues are rarely discussed in traditional methods. A range of 3D medical MRI and CT data sets were used for testing the algorithm, demonstrating its utility.
The Cassava Economy of Java. By Walter P. Falcon, William G. Jones and Scott R. Pearson. Stanford: Stanford University Press (1984), pp. 212, $38.50. (1986)

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A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies and Their Applications (2017)

Energy storage systems (ESS) provide a means for improving the efficiency of electrical systems when there are imbalances between supply and demand. Additionally, they are a key element for improving the stability and quality of electrical networks. They add flexibility into the electrical system by mitigating the supply intermittency, recently made worse by an increased penetration of renewable generation. One energy storage technology now arousing great interest is the flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), since this technology can offer many advantages as an energy storage solution over the alternatives. Flywheels have attributes of a high cycle life, long operational life, high round-trip efficiency, high power density, low environmental impact, and can store megajoule (MJ) levels of energy with no upper limit when configured in banks. This paper presents a critical review of FESS in regards to its main components and applications, an approach not captured in earlier reviews. Additionally, earlier reviews do not include the most recent literature in this fast-moving field. A description of the flywheel structure and its main components is provided, and different types of electric machines, power electronics converter topologies, and bearing systems for use in flywheel storage systems are discussed. The main applications of FESS are explained and commercially available flywheel prototypes for each application are described. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.
Molecular design of the α–keratin composite: insights from a matrix–free model, hagfish slime threads (2004)

We performed mechanical tests on a matrix-free keratin model-hagfish slime threads-to test the hypothesis that intermediate filaments (IFs) in hydrated hard alpha-keratins are maintained in a partly dehydrated state. This hypothesis predicts that dry IFs should possess mechanical properties similar to the properties of hydrated hard alpha-keratins, and should swell more than hard alpha-keratins in water. Mechanical and swelling measurements of hagfish threads were consistent with both of these predictions, suggesting that an elastomeric keratin matrix resists IF swelling and keeps IF stiffness and yield stress high. The elastomeric nature of the matrix is indirectly supported by the inability of matrix-free IFs (i.e. slime threads) to recover from post-yield deformation. We propose a general conceptual model of the structural mechanics of IF-based materials that predicts the effects of hydration and cross-linking on stiffness, yield stress and extensibility.
RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER INITIATION OF PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 1.25% FOR TREATMENT OF PRESBYOPIA (2022)

Retinal detachment may be associated with the use of pilocarpine 1.25%. Caution should be used when considering prescribing this medication in patients with preexisting retinal abnormality.
The State of the Art in Flow Visualization: Dense and Texture‐Based Techniques (2004)

Abstract Flow visualization has been a very attractive component of scientific visualization research for a long time. Usually very large multivariate datasets require processing. These datasets often consist of a large number of sample locations and several time steps. The steadily increasing performance of computers has recently become a driving factor for a reemergence in flow visualization research, especially in texture‐based techniques. In this paper, dense, texture‐based flow visualization techniques are discussed. This class of techniques attempts to provide a complete, dense representation of the flow field with high spatio‐temporal coherency. An attempt of categorizing closely related solutions is incorporated and presented. Fundamentals are shortly addressed as well as advantages and disadvantages of the methods.
Molecular and structural characterization of the L1 virus-like particles that are used as vaccine antigens in<i>Cervarix</i>™, the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16 and -18 cervical cancer vaccine (2010)

Cervarix™ is a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 vaccine developed for the prevention of cervical cancer. The vaccine antigens are HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) made from baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS)-produced HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 proteins, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that truncation of the nuclear targeting and DNA binding signals at the C-terminus of the HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 proteins prevented intranuclear formation of the VLPs in the host cells and led to cytoplasmic localization of the L1 proteins as shown by in situ immunogold detection and electron microscopy. Following purification, these L1 proteins were able to form VLPs. The characteristics of these HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 VLPs were studied using various physicochemical and immunological techniques. Amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE and western blotting demonstrated the high purity of the L1 proteins and batch-to-batch consistency. The structure of the VLPs was shown to be similar to that reported for the native virions, as evaluated by microscopic observations, protein tomography and disc centrifugation experiments. The presence of important conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, such as U4, V5 and J4, was confirmed by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. Structural robustness and consistency among batches was also observed by differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy. Moreover, adsorption to aluminum was shown not to impair VLP structure. In conclusion, the BEVS-produced HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 VLPs display key structural and immunological features, which contribute to the efficacy of Cervarix™ vaccination.
Demonstration of 112-Gbit/s DP-QPSK modulation using InP n-p-i-n Mach-Zehnder modulators (2010)

We have successfully demonstrated 112Gbit/s DP-QPSK modulation using a wavelength tunable pulse carver module, in which a wavelength tunable DFB laser array (TLA) and an InP n-p-i-n Mach-Zehnder modulator are co-packaged, and a dual-drive InP Mach-Zehnder IQ modulator module.
Adaptive Beamforming Based on Interference Covariance Matrix Estimation (2019)

In this paper, we propose a robust adaptive beam-forming algorithm, where the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix is estimated by identifying and removing the desired signal component from the sample covariance matrix. For this purpose, we construct a desired signal subspace and its orthogonal subspace to identify the eigenvector of the sample covariance matrix corresponding to the desired signal. The adaptive beam-former is then designed using the estimated interference-plus-noise covariance matrix and the identified signal eigenvector. Because both are independent of the knowledge of the array geometry, the proposed adaptive beamformer is robust to array model mismatch. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive beamforming algorithm.
In Situ Determination of the Intracellular pH of<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>and<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>during Pressure Treatment (2002)

Hydrostatic pressure may affect the intracellular pH of microorganisms by (i) enhancing the dissociation of weak organic acids and (ii) increasing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane and inactivation of enzymes required for pH homeostasis. The internal pHs of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum during and after pressure treatment at 200 and 300 MPa and at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 6.5 were determined. Pressure treatment at 200 MPa for up to 20 min did not reduce the viability of either strain at pH 6.5. Pressure treatment at pH 6.5 and 300 MPa reduced viable cell counts of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum by 5 log after 20 and 120 min, respectively. Pressure inactivation was faster at pH 5 or 4. At ambient pressure, both strains maintained a transmembrane pH gradient of 1 pH unit at neutral pH and about 2 pH units at pH 4.0. During pressure treatment at 200 and 300 MPa, the internal pH of L. lactis was decreased to the value of the extracellular pH during compression. The same result was observed during treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum at 300 MPa. Lactobacillus plantarum was unable to restore the internal pH after a compression-decompression cycle at 300 MPa and pH 6.5. Lactococcus lactis lost the ability to restore its internal pH after 20 and 4 min of pressure treatment at 200 and 300 MPa, respectively. As a consequence, pressure-mediated stress reactions and cell death may be considered secondary effects promoted by pH and other environmental conditions.
Infrared tomographic system for monitoring the two-dimensional distribution of atmospheric pollution over limited areas (2000)

In this paper, we analyze the feasibility and performance of a particular tomographic system for atmospheric pollution monitoring over limited areas (e.g., urban areas). Such a system exploits attenuation-based infrared measurements of the average concentration of the fundamental molecular species of pollutants along rectilinear paths. First, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of an apparatus based on semiconductor infrared laser diode transmitters and passive retroreflectors, capable of measuring the average concentration of pollutants along rectilinear paths with 2-km maximum length, by exploiting their infrared absorption properties. For each gaseous species of interest, the optimal wavelength is then singled out, with the purpose of applying the derivative method for measuring the corresponding average atmospheric concentration. The optimal wavelengths are determined based on both absorption data of atmospheric components and plausible ranges of variation of their concentration. Finally, we present simulations carried out to evaluate the reconstruction of spatial-concentration fields of several air pollutants obtained through a tomographic-inversion algorithm exploiting simultaneous attenuation measurements made along different infrared links. Two different network topologies for such measurements are considered.
Nocturia and obstructive sleep apnoea (2015)

Patients successfully treated for obstructive sleep apnoea often experience an improvement in their nocturia. David Dawson explains this link and suggests that clinicians working in urology clinics should consider obstructive sleep apnoea when seeing patients presenting with nocturia.
Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Silica Nanoparticles for Oral-Insulin Delivery (2011)

The objective of this study is to utilize the pH sensitivity of modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for oral delivery of insulin. Activated silica nanoparticle was modified first with different densities of 3- Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (3-CTMS) to load the Chlor group which will bond with the organic functional group contained in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA). The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR and SEM. Equilibrium swelling studies were carried out in enzyme-free simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF, respectively). Insulin was entrapped in these nanoparticles and the in vitro release profiles were established separately in both (SGF, pH 1) and (SIF, pH 7.4). The amount of loading of insulin was increased with increasing -COO- densities resulting from the increasing number of 4-HBA groups. In these cases, the biological activity of insulin was retained. These results were used to design and improve protein release behavior from these carriers.
Alcohol Dehydrogenases Deletion to Increase Yield of Isobutyrate (2011)

Introduction Methacrylic acid is one of the most crucial chemical feedstocks in the material industry and there is a high quantity demand of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which is the ester form of methacrylic acid. Every year million tons of methyl methacrylate is produced to synthesize polymethyl metharylate (PMMA) which is a thermoplastic material and it is used as a light or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. Therefore, to come up with a method for producing methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate becomes a popular topic of research in biosynthesis area. There are several traditional methods being used in the industry and the most common one is reacting acetone with hydrogen cyanide to generate acetone cyanohydrins and then treat it with sulfuric acid to form methyl methacrylate. However, because of side products and reaction condition, these two traditional methods require high quality of controlling harmful chemicals and hard to increase the yield of target product. What’s worse, the reactants are not renewable and emission will damage the environment. Figure 1: Two traditional synthesis processes.
Mannitol or hypertonic saline for intracranial hypertension? A point of view (2009)

Osmotically active solutions, particularly mannitol, havebeen used for more than 30 years in the treatment ofintracranial hypertension. Recently hypertonic saline hasemerged as an alternative to mannitol. Both solutions areused worldwide, and their indications and long-term sideeffects are well known. More recently, knowledge abouttheir effects has increased, both limiting and expandingtheir clinical use. Here, we compare the systemic andcerebral effects of mannitol and hypertonic saline, as well astheir side effects and complications. Finally, we makerecommendations about their clinical use.
Inversion of walkaway VSP data in the presence of lateral velocity heterogeneity (2023)

Multi-azimuth walkaway vertical seismic profiling is an established technique for the estimation of in situ slowness surfaces and inferring anisotropy parameters. Normally, this technique requires the assumption of lateral homogeneity, which makes the horizontal slowness components at depths of downhole receivers equal to those measured at the surface. Any violations of this assumption, such as lateral heterogeneity or nonzero dip of intermediate interfaces, lead to distortions in reconstructed slowness surfaces and, consequently, to errors in estimated anisotropic parameters. In this work, we relax the assumption of lateral homogeneity and discuss how to correct vertical seismic profile data for weak lateral heterogeneity. We describe a procedure of downward continuation of recorded traveltimes that accounts for the presence of both vertical inhomogeneity and weak lateral heterogeneity, which produces correct slowness surfaces at depths of downhole receivers, noticing that sufficiently dense receiver coverage along a borehole is required to separate influences of vertical and lateral heterogeneity on measured traveltimes and obtain accurate estimates of the slowness surfaces. Once the slowness surfaces are found and a desired type of anisotropic model to be inverted is selected, the corresponding anisotropic parameters, providing the best fit to the estimated slownesses, can be obtained. We invert the slowness surfaces of P-waves for parameters of the simplest anisotropic model describing dipping fractures (transversely isotropic medium with a tilted symmetry axis). Five parameters of this model, namely, the P-wave velocity V0 in the direction of the symmetry axis, Thomsen's anisotropic coefficients ϵ and δ, the tilt ν, and the azimuth β of the symmetry axis, can be estimated in a stable manner when maximum source offset is greater than half of receiver depth.