gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of stroma-supported cultures of leukemic cells to assess antileukemic drugs. II. Potent cytotoxicity of 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1994)

We used a recently established stroma-supported tissue culture technique that allows long-term culture of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to study 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2CdA) cytotoxicity to leukemic lymphoblasts. In the 20 cases of ALL studied, the number of cells recovered after 7 days of culture on allogeneic stromal layers were 58-192% (median, 95.5%) of those originally seeded. In parallel cultures with 2CdA (100 nM), 74- > 99% (median, 97.5%) of leukemic lymphoblasts were killed. The cytotoxicity of 2CdA extended to all ten samples with either the t(9;22) (q34;q11) or 11q23 chromosomal abnormalities, karyotypes associated with an extremely poor outcome, as well as to two samples collected at the time of relapse. The effects of 2CdA were dose-dependent, and were due to triggering of apoptosis as shown by typical morphologic changes and occurrence of DNA fragmentation. Stromal layers were apparently not affected by 2CdA treatment, even when used at 1000 nM. We also tested 2CdA cytotoxicity to multidrug resistant subclones of the CCRF-CEM ALL cell line. CEM/VLB100 expresses P-glycoprotein, whereas CEM/VM-1 and CEM/VM-1-5 have topoisomerase II mutations that are associated with resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein or alterations in topoisomerase II did not protect cells from 2CdA cytotoxicity. We conclude that 2CdA is cytotoxic in most cases of ALL. The method used in this study may be applied to evaluate leukemic blast cell sensitivity to compounds with potential anti-leukemic activity, and to select patients for entry into clinical trials.
Peptide ionophores: synthesis and cation-binding properties of a bicyclic peptide containing glycine and lysine residues. (1995)

Peptide 1, cyclo(1,5-epsilon-succinoyl) (Lys-Gly-Gly-Gly)2, is a representative member of a family of polycyclic peptide ionophores characterized by C2 symmetry and a relatively flexible structure resulting from its high Gly content. Peptide 1 has been synthesized by two different solid-phase protocols from its linear precursors, H-Gly-Gly-Lys(Fmoc)-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys(Fmoc)-Gly-OH and H-Gly-Gly-Lys(Z)-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys(Z)-Gly-OH), and satisfactorily characterized by chemical means. The CD spectrum of 1 is compatible with a beta-folded structure, stabilized by two internal hydrogen bonds. The complexation behavior of 1 toward alkaline and alkaline-earth cations can be envisaged as an equilibrium between inclusion (1:1) and sandwich (2:1) complex models, with affinities in the 10(6) M-1 and 10(11) M-2 range, respectively. A slight preference of 1 for Sr2+ over other cations has been found.
The cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator system. An anatomical and physiological study of the effect of its use on the rat facial nerve (1986)

The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator System was used to clear the facial nerve from adjacent tissues in the rat. Acute damage to the nerve was manifest electrophysiologically by a significant decrease in amplitude of the conducted nerve action potential (P less than 0.0001) and increase in latency of the muscle action potential (P less than 0.01). Impairment of neural activity was temporary. In the majority of rats facial movements and neural activity returned to their preoperative state within 14 days. The nerves were prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. The histopathological correlate of the documented functional impairment was disruption of the perineurium and a variable degeneration of the nerve fibres. Regeneration was evident by the end of the second postoperative week, but degenerative changes seen in some of these new fibres cast doubt on their viability.
Case 12-1994 (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of chronic cutaneous ulcers and the recent onset of progressive renal failure.The patient had been in good health until five years earlier, when congestive failure developed. Nine months later a St. Jude prosthetic aortic valve was implanted at this hospital because of stenosis of a bicuspid aortic valve. Warfarin was begun. At discharge the urine and the urea nitrogen and the creatinine levels were normal.Fifteen months before admission the patient entered another hospital because of chronic nonhealing ulcers of the right leg that were suspected to . . .
<i>Brugia malayi</i> antigens associated with lymphocyte activation in filariasis. (1987)

Filarial parasites induce immune response in humans which are still poorly characterized. To define the antigens responsible for inducing lymphocyte responses, fast protein liquid chromatography was used to fractionate the antigens of Brugia malayi adult worms which were then tested on lymphocytes from patients with filariasis and normal controls. From an anion exchange column (Mono Q), three peaks of lymphocyte-stimulating activity were eluted which were further fractionated by gel filtration (Superose-12). Peak I induced both a proliferative response as well as the production of filaria-specific antibody in patient lymphocytes. Peak II, capable of inducing only a proliferative response (without antibody production) in patient lymphocytes, was a glycoprotein with phosphocholine as one of the antigenic determinants. Peak III induced proliferative responses in both patient and normal lymphocytes and thus appears to be mitogenic. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was then used to identify changes in the major cellular proteins associated with the activation of patient lymphocytes by these partially purified antigens. Stimulation of patient lymphocytes with peak I resulted in increased synthesis of immunoglobulin heavy, light, and J chains. Further, these were the only major secreted proteins found in the culture supernatants. Peak II resulted in quantitative changes in proteins associated with T and not B lymphocyte stimulation. Further analysis of these antigens should help to elucidate the mechanism of host-parasite interaction at both the cellular and molecular levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Urea‐Based Porous Organic Frameworks: Effective Supports for Catalysis in Neat Water. (2014)

Abstract Two urea‐based porous organic frameworks are synthesized through an urea‐forming condensation of benzenetriisocyanate with 1,4‐diaminobenzene and benzidine, respectively.
Evaluation of the safety of a non‐animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA – Q‐Medical, Sweden) in European countries: a retrospective study from 1997 to 2001 (2004)

NASHA is a very useful and safe filler product. Skin testing does not seem to be necessary.
Querying structured hyperdocuments (1996)

We present a document model which integrates the logical structure and hypertext link structure of hyperdocuments in order to manage structured documents with hypertext links. Based on this model we define a new structure query language which expresses the structure query using path expressions. To process a structure query in a document management system which represents structure information as database relations, costly join operations are used to find a relationship between elements in a document hierarchy. In order to overcome this problem, schemes based on the parse tree and element locator have been used (Blake, 1994). We propose a new structure query processing scheme that uses unique element identifiers (UIDs) to evaluate structure queries. Our scheme has advantages over previous schemes since it can obtain the UIDs of the ancestors and descendents directly from the UID of a node without disk access. We present relational database schemes for our scheme as well as others and compare the query processing costs. In order to support direct access to a document element, keyword indices to it should be provided. We propose three kinds of inverted index structures for efficient structure query processing.
WAVED: A Coreless Axial Flux PM Motor for Drive Systems with Constant Power Operation (2019)

In this paper, a two-phase coreless AFPM machine with wave winding, 2-stators, and 3-rotors for traction applications is studied. A highly general optimization method, employing 3D FEA as the computational engine is employed. Number of poles in addition to other geometrical variables are included as independent optimization variables. A method for extending the speed range by rotating one of the stator discs with respect to the other at constant power operation is proposed. An inverter configuration including Si and wide band gap devices is proposed to be employed in conjunction with the machine under study. The study includes a comparison of the optimally designed coreless machine with a commercial yokeless and segmented armature electric motor.
Simultaneous Targeting of NPC1 and VDAC1 by Itraconazole Leads to Synergistic Inhibition of mTOR Signaling and Angiogenesis (2016)

The antifungal drug itraconazole was recently found to exhibit potent antiangiogenic activity and has since been repurposed as an investigational anticancer agent. Itraconazole has been shown to exert its antiangiogenic activity through inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway, but the molecular mechanism of action was unknown. We recently identified the mitochondrial protein VDAC1 as a target of itraconazole and a mediator of its activation of AMPK, an upstream regulator of mTOR. However, VDAC1 could not account for the previously reported inhibition of cholesterol trafficking by itraconazole, which was also demonstrated to lead to mTOR inhibition. In this study, we demonstrate that cholesterol trafficking inhibition by itraconazole is due to direct inhibition of the lysosomal protein NPC1. We further map the binding site of itraconazole to the sterol-sensing domain of NPC1 using mutagenesis, competition with U18666A, and molecular docking. Finally, we demonstrate that simultaneous AMPK activation and cholesterol trafficking inhibition leads to synergistic inhibition of mTOR, endothelial cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.
Effect of oral CDP-choline on acrylamide-induced lesion. (1983)

Administration of low doses of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) (50 mg/kg) to mice and rats has proved to be effective in preventing acrylamide-induced neurological syndrome. Likewise, the simultaneous dosing of both drugs, which causes an evident loss of weight in the animals, has demonstrated that an activation on the dopaminergic system is produced.
Ear Recognition: Biometric Identification using 2- and 3-Dimensional Images of Human Ears (2015)

The outer ear is an emerging biometric trait that has drawn the attention of the research community for more than a decade. The unique structure of the auricle is long known among forensic scientists and has been used for the identification of suspects in many cases. The next logical step towards a broader application of ear biometrics is to create automatic ear recognition systems. This work focuses on the usage of texture (2D) and depth (3D) data for improving the performance of ear recognition. We compare ear recognition systems using either texture or depth data with respect to segmentation and recognition accuracy, but also in the context of robustness to pose variations, signal degradation and throughput. We propose a novel segmentation method for ears where texture and surface information are fused in the feature space. We also provide a reliable method for geometric normalization of ear images and present a comparative study of different texture description method and the impact of their parametrization and the capture settings of a dataset. In this context, we propose a fusion scheme, were fixed length spectral histograms are created from texture and surface information. The proposed ear recognition system is integrated into a demonstrator system as a part of a novel identification system for forensics. The system is benchmarked against a challenging dataset that comprises of 3D head models, mugshots and CCTV videos from four different perspectives. \nAs a result of this work, we outline limitations of current ear recognition systems and provide possible direction for future applied research. Having a complete ear recognition system with optimized parameters, we measure impact of image quality on the accuracy during ear segmentation and ear recognition. These experiments focus on noise, blur and compression artefacts and are hence only conducted on 2D data. We show that blur has a smaller impact on the system performance than noise. In scenarios where we work with compressed images, we show that the performance can be improved by optimizing the size of local image patches for feature extraction and the size of the compression artefacts. This thesis is concluded by work on automatic classification of ears for the purpose of narrowing the search space in large datasets. We show that classification of ears using texture descriptors is possible. Furthermore, we show that the class label is influenced by the skin tone, but also by the capture settings of the dataset. In further work, we propose a method for the extraction of binary feature vectors of texture descriptors and their application in a 2-stage search system. We show that our 2-stage system improves the recognition performance, because it removes images from the search space that would otherwise have caused recognition errors in the second stage.
Comparison of Stochastic and Deterministic Geologic Models Used in Reservoir Simulations for the Endicott Field, Alaska (1993)

ABSTRACT Simulation models of the low net to gross zones of the Kekiktuk Formation have, historically, been difficult to history match. Traditional mapping of the zones, e.g., isopach, netto gross ratio, and porosity, tended to oversimplify the internal heterogeneities within the reservoir sandstones and the spatial distribution of sand bodies. Current reservoir simulations address this problem through the use of deterministic and stochastic fine-scale geological models. Fluid movement is appropriately modeled and history matched in both simulations without significant pore volume modifications. Contrary to previous simulations, current simulation data shows that up dip gas injection combined with down dip water injection increases ultimate recovery of Zone 3 oil. Results from both types of simulations can be used in synergy or separately to address global reservoir and well specific issues to optimize ultimate recovery.
Internalization and Intoxication of Human Macrophages by the Active Subunit of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin Is Dependent Upon Cellugyrin (Synaptogyrin-2) (2020)

The <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is a heterotrimeric AB<sub>2</sub> toxin capable of inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lymphocytes and other cell types. Recently, we have demonstrated that human macrophages are resistant to Cdt-induced apoptosis but are susceptible to toxin-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response involving activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Exposure to Cdt results in binding to the cell surface followed by internalization and translocation of the active subunit, CdtB, to intracellular compartments. Internalization involves hijacking of retrograde pathways; treatment of cells with Retro-2 leads to a decrease in CdtB-Golgi association. These events are dependent upon toxin binding to cholesterol in the context of lipid rich membrane microdomains often referred to as lipid rafts. We now demonstrate that within 1 h of exposure of macrophages to Cdt, CdtB is internalized and found primarily within lipid rafts; concurrently, cellugyrin (synaptogyrin-2) also translocates into lipid rafts. Further analysis by immunoprecipitation indicates that CdtB associates with complexes containing both cellugyrin and Derlin-2. Moreover, a human macrophage cell line deficient in cellugyrin expression (THP-1<sup>Cg-</sup>) challenged with Cdt failed to internalize CdtB and was resistant to the Cdt-induced pro-inflammatory response. We propose that lipid rafts along with cellugyrin play a critical role in the internalization and translocation of CdtB to critical intracellular target sites in human macrophages. These studies provide the first evidence that cellugyrin is expressed in human macrophages and plays a critical role in Cdt toxicity of these cells.
Antibody drugs: the present status and perspectives (2008)

抗体医薬は今現在最も活発に開発が行われている医薬品群の一つである．その背景としては，（1）異種タンパク質としての抗原性の壁を乗り越えるキメラ抗体あるいはヒト化抗体，ヒト抗体製造技術の完成，（2）ゲノム創薬による医薬品開発の標的となる数多くの疾患関連遺伝子および疾患関連タンパク質の解明，の2点があげられる．現在上市されている抗体医薬のほとんどは構造的にはIgGサブクラスであり，薬効からは主に抗腫瘍薬と免疫調節薬に分類されるが，今後は機能的に必要なコンポーネントに小型化した抗体や，細胞表面の受容体等と結合し細胞内情報伝達を引き起こすアゴニスト抗体，あるいは分子標的薬のコンポーネントとしての利用等，抗体医薬の利用は拡大してゆくことが予想される．しかしながら，これら次世代抗体医薬の開発にあたっては，薬理作用の解析，あるいは安全性予測という面で種差の壁があり，化学合成医薬品で通常用いられる齧歯類動物を主体とした非臨床試験による評価には限界がある．したがって，ヒト初回投与前の安全性予測においては，適切なインビトロ試験系の構築，適切な動物を用いたインビボ試験，さらにはトランスジェニック動物や相同タンパク質等を利用した試験等を組み合わせた試験による解析が必要であり，薬理学者の智恵と経験が必要とされる．
IOscope: A Flexible I/O Tracer for Workloads' I/O Pattern Characterization (2018)

International audience
New applications with a SWIR imager employing long wavelengths (2011)

SWIR imagers can operate at near room temperature with cut-off wavelengths that extended from 1.7μm (for InP lattice matched InGaAs) to beyond 2.0μm with strained InGaAs epitaxial growth on InP substrate. A leading application in the SWIR band - Night vision, requires very low dark current levels, whereas the dark current increases as the cutoff wavelength increases. We demonstrate imaging applications made possible by utilization of dark current reduction, and the physics of background and objects radiance. A newly built imager is presented.
Cerberus: hierarchical DFT rule checker (2003)

The hierarchical design for testability (DFT) rule checker Cerberus has been developed to handle hierarchical circuits supporting a variety of scan structures with different types of scannable storage devices. Cerberus utilizes a general approach to testability rule checking and is part of a computer-aided engineering system to integrate design and test. Cerberus consists of the following components: an extractor to provide a levelized directed graph representation from a circuit netlist, a preprocessor to provide acyclic graphs and for topological sorting of circuit nodes, a rule checker nucleus to perform the DFT verification process hierarchically, and a protocol generator to output the rule-checker results in a user-friendly representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reproducibility of Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography in Determining Hemispheric Language Lateralization (1998)

Functional TCD is a suitable and very robust tool for the longitudinal quantitative measurement of cerebral language lateralization.
Epigenetic Silencing of HOPX Promotes Cancer Progression in Colorectal Cancer (2012)

Homeodomain-only protein X (HOPX)-β promoter methylation was recently shown to be frequent in human cancers and was suggested as tumor suppressor gene in esophageal and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic roles of HOPX-β promoter methylation and its clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC). HOPX-β promoter methylation was assessed in human CRC cell lines and 294 CRC tissues. HOPX mRNA and protein levels were measured in relation to HOPX-β promoter methylation. The effects of forced HOPX expression on tumorigenesis were studied using in vitro and in vivo assays. The association between HOPX-β promoter methylation and clinical relevance of CRC patients was determined. HOPX-β promoter methylation is cancer-specific and frequently found in CRC cell lines and tissues, resulting in the down-regulation of HOPX mRNA and protein levels. In CRC cell lines, forced expression of HOPX suppressed proliferation, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. DNA microarray analyses suggested critical downstream genes that are associated with cancer cell proliferation, invasion or angiogenesis. In a mouse xenograft model, HOPX inhibited tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Finally, HOPX-β promoter methylation was associated with worse prognosis of stage III CRC patients (hazard ratio= 1.40, P = .035) and also with poor differentiation (P = .014). In conclusion, HOPX-β promoter methylation is a frequent and cancer-specific event in CRC progression. This epigenetic alteration may have clinical ramifications in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients.
Activation of Persulfate and Its Environmental Application (2012)

Persulfate is one of the strongest oxidants, and of fers some advantages over other oxidants because it is a solid at ambient temperatu re with the ease of storage and transport, high stability, high aqueous solubility and relativ ely low cost. These features let it to be a promising choice for wastewater treatment and in si tu chemical oxidation of organic pollutants in environmental remediation. Reactions of persulfa te with organic pollutants, however, are generally slow at ambient temperature, and activati on of persulfate is necessary to accelerate the process. Upon activation, persulfate can produc e the highly oxidative species, sulfate free radicals, which can react with a variety of organic pollutants. Persulfate can be activated to generate sulfate free radicals by thermal, chemical and photochemical techniques. Many studies have been conducted to investigate efficien cies of activated persulfate for the chemical degradation of environmental pollutants. This paper gives a review on the activation of persulfate and its environmental application, inclu ding the following activation methods: heat, UV light, transitional metal, activated carbon, mic rowave and integrated techniques.
[Radio-protective effect of sulfur-containing methylfuran derivatives and the role of thiols in its realization]. (1984)

In experiments on mice it was demonstrated that S-containing methylfuran derivatives were highly radioprotective (50-70% survival of exposed animals). The preparations under study did not influence the redox potential in tissues and did not change the content of nonprotein SH-groups in the radiosensitive organs.
Reverse Engineering a Software Engineering Curriculum (1995)

What is the best curriculum for a software engineering degree? We analyse nineteen thirdyear software engineering projects to determine the skills that students need to complete those projects. From this list we recommend compulsory and elective topics in a software engineering degree. 1 Introduction Many universities around the world have introduced [3], or are planning to introduce [1], undergraduate software engineering degrees. What is the best curriculum for a software engineering degree ? Figure 1 gives a list of possible topics to be included in a curriculum. In this paper, we explore which of these topics should be considered compulsory, and which should be considered elective. We approach this issue empirically. For the past two years, the Department of Computer Science at the University of Newcastle runs a full-year software engineering subject (COMP321) for its thirdyear students. This subject contains lectures in first semester and a large group project in second semester....