gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ION CHANNEL MODULATORS AS POTENTIAL POSITIVE INOTROPIC COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE (1994)

1. Current positive inotropy therapy of heart failure is associated with major problems: digoxin and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors can cause life-threatening toxicity while beta-adrenoceptor agonists become less effective inotropic compounds as heart failure progresses. A new approach to positive inotropy is ion channel modulation. 2. An increased influx of Na+ during the cardiac action potential, as measured with DPI 201-106 and BDF 9148 which increase the probability of the open state of the Na+ channel, will increase force of contraction. 3. Activation of L-type Ca2+ channels with Bay K 8644 will increase influx of Ca2+ and increase the force of contraction. However the Ca2+ channel activators developed to date have little potential for the treatment of heart failure as they are vasoconstrictors. 4. Blocking cardiac K+ channels is a possible mechanism of positive inotropy. Terikalant inhibits the inward rectifying K+ channel, tedisamil inhibits the transient outward K+ channel and dofetilide is one of the newly developed inhibitors of the slow delayed outward rectifying K+ channel. All these drugs prolong the cardiac action potential to increase Ca2+ entry and force of contraction. 5. Thus drugs which increase Na+ influx or block K+ channels represent exciting possibilities for positive inotropy and the potential of these compounds for the treatment of heart failure needs to be fully evaluated.
Our green and living world: The wisdom to save it (1984)

Welcome: glimpses of paradise S. Dillon Ripley Introduction HRH The Prince Philip Part I. Tending Our Gardens: 1. The benign connection 2. From the beginning 3. Old and new Part II. Global Mosaic: 4. Deserts 5. Grasslands 6. Mediterranean shores 7. Temperate splendor 8. Tropical rain forests 9. Wetlands 10. Green oceans 11. Fair isles Part III. Plants For People: 12. Moveable feast 13. From field to table 14. Versatile cellulose 15. Firewood 16. Chemical cornucopia 17. Medicine's hidden herbs 18. Visit to the doctor Part IV. A Paradise To Save: 19. Enduring impact 20. Genetic erosion 21. Underexploited crops 22. Conservation for production Part V. A Third Chance: 23. Epilogue: goals for the new century Mrs. Indira Gandhi Acknowledgments World conservation strategy Selected readings Index Picture credits.
RNA-Synthesis Using the H-Phosphonate Approach and an Improved Protecting Group Strategy (1995)

Abstract An improved version of the H-phosphonate approach to RNA-synthesis is presented and the studies that led to alterations in the protecting group strategy are discussed.
Fast nonparametric matrix factorization for large-scale collaborative filtering (2009)

With the sheer growth of online user data, it becomes challenging to develop preference learning algorithms that are sufficiently flexible in modeling but also affordable in computation. In this paper we develop nonparametric matrix factorization methods by allowing the latent factors of two low-rank matrix factorization methods, the singular value decomposition (SVD) and probabilistic principal component analysis (pPCA), to be data-driven, with the dimensionality increasing with data size. We show that the formulations of the two nonparametric models are very similar, and their optimizations share similar procedures. Compared to traditional parametric low-rank methods, nonparametric models are appealing for their flexibility in modeling complex data dependencies. However, this modeling advantage comes at a computational price--it is highly challenging to scale them to large-scale problems, hampering their application to applications such as collaborative filtering. In this paper we introduce novel optimization algorithms, which are simple to implement, which allow learning both nonparametric matrix factorization models to be highly efficient on large-scale problems. Our experiments on EachMovie and Netflix, the two largest public benchmarks to date, demonstrate that the nonparametric models make more accurate predictions of user ratings, and are computationally comparable or sometimes even faster in training, in comparison with previous state-of-the-art parametric matrix factorization models.
Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for a Wireless Power Transfer System (2019)

Classical control method for wireless power transfer (WPT) system is based on the PI controller and phase-shifting modulator (PI+PSM) However, the poor dynamic performance and hard switching arise in PI+PSM method. To solve these two issues, a novel control method has been proposed. In proposed method, the finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) cooperates with pulse density modulation (PDM) for two-side converters of WPT system to have fast dynamic response and dual-side soft switching. Simultaneously, the maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) is achieved in proposed method to obtain a high efficiency. Finally, the proposed method is tested in simulation and compares with PI+PSM method on a series-series-compensation-based WPT system.
Microstructured Fiber End Surface Grating for Coarse WDM Signal Monitoring (2007)

We propose a new in-line wavelength measurement technique based on one-dimensional fiber end-surface grating for monitoring signals in coarse wavelength-division multiplexing. The fiber end-surface grating was fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses by inscribing microstructure on the cleaved surface of a thermally expanded core fiber and the diffracted beam patterns from the fiber end-surface grating were experimentally analyzed according to the wavelength of input light
Quantifying CBF with arterial spin labeling (2005)

The basic principles of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labeling (ASL) are reviewed. The measurement is modeled by treating the ASL method as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) version of a microsphere study, rather than a diffusible tracer study. This approach, particularly when applied to pulsed ASL (PASL) experiments, clarifies that absolute calibration of CBF primarily depends on global properties of blood, rather than local tissue properties such as the water partition coefficient or relaxation time. However, transit delays from the tagging region to the image voxel are a potential problem in all standard ASL methods. The key to quantitative CBF measurements that compensate for this systematic error is to create a well-defined bolus of tagged blood and to ensure that all of the bolus has been delivered to an imaging voxel at the time of measurement. Two practical technical factors considered here are 1) producing a tagged bolus with a well-defined temporal width and 2) accounting for reduction in magnitude of the tagged magnetization due to relaxation. The ASL approach has the potential to provide a robust estimation of CBF, although the timing of water exchange into tissue and the effects of pulsatile flow require further investigation.
The Tradeoff Between Generative and Discriminative Classifiers (2004)

Abstract: Given any generative classifier based on an inexact density model, we can define a discriminative counterpart that reduces its asymptotic error rate. We introduce a family of classifiers that interpolate the two approaches, thus providing a new way to compare them and giving an estimation procedure whose classification performance is well balanced between the bias of generative classifiers and the variance of discriminative ones. We show that an intermediate trade-off between the two strategies is often preferable, both theoretically and in experiments on real data. 1
Creating a Python-based Portable Media Player with Enhanced Parental Control Capabilities (2016)

With the rapid development in information technology, children and adolescents have unprecedented access to digital media. Given the double-edged sword digital media has become, parents, teachers and policymakers have concerns about the negative impact that digital media exerts on children and adolescents. This leads to a growing need for digital media content regulation and censorship. However, current suppression of content in Singapore is mild and insufficient. Only a small number of films or TV shows that have explicit sensitive or offensive content were censored. A vast amount of inappropriate media content is still accessible to children and adolescents. Parents are encouraged by the MCI (Ministry of Communications and Information) to guide their children on digital media consumption. Some companies have developed computer programmes that cleanse movies containing offensive scenes.  However, existing computer programmes have limited ability in allowing users to adjust the filtering levels, or generating seamless cutting results. Motivated by the above observations, we had developed a novel media player to facilitate home users, content providers and service providers to suppress content, rate and classify digital media. The software permits its user to select various degrees of content suppression according to the user’s level of acumen and discretion. Based on the properties of the sub-file objects pre-set by the user, the software will make use of its dynamic sub-file filter to examine the data set at the sub-file level for scrutiny before the substantiated content is consented for screening. With this software, user can sanitize the digital media content by skipping over specific scenes that may contain nudity, sexual situations and excessive violence, muting potentially objectionable audio words, and blurring out unsavoury objects in the scenes to preserve the integrity of the storyline. The software is also capable of preserving different categories of media classification from an unimpeded multimedia file. Unlike existing movie sanitizing tools, the software does not physically alter the original videos or make replicated copies. By applying pre-set restrictions to the video during playback, it keeps the original video unscathed.
Suboptimal Nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimation (2022)

In this article, we propose a suboptimal moving horizon estimator for a general class of nonlinear systems. For the stability analysis, we transfer the “feasibility-implies-stability/robustness” paradigm from model predictive control to the context of moving horizon estimation in the following sense. Using a suitably defined, feasible candidate solution based on an auxiliary observer, robust stability of the proposed suboptimal estimator is inherited independently of the horizon length and even if no optimization is performed. Moreover, the proposed design allows for the choice between two cost functions different in structure: the former in the manner of a standard least squares approach, which is typically used in practice, and the latter following a time-discounted modification, resulting in better theoretical guarantees. We apply the proposed suboptimal estimator to a nonlinear chemical reactor process, verify the theoretical assumptions, and show that even a few iterations of the optimizer are sufficient to significantly improve the estimation results of the auxiliary observer. Furthermore, we illustrate the flexibility of the proposed design by employing different solvers and compare the performance with two state-of-the-art fast moving horizon estimation schemes from the literature.
Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1 envelope by neutralization and binding assays (1994)

Neutralization results from any single laboratory did not correlate with the collective data. The relative potency (rank order) of the MAb in the panel were equivalent when determined by GMT or MNT. These values may be useful to individual laboratories for estimating the sensitivity of their neutralization assays. The study also identified potential reference reagents with which neutralizing activity could be compared.
Characterization of genomic clones specifying rabbit alpha- and beta-ventricular myosin heavy chains. (1984)

We have isolated gene sequences coding for the alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains (HC) of rabbit ventricular muscle. A rabbit genomic library was screened with previously characterized cDNA clones specifying part of the light meromyosin and the entire subfragment 2 portion of alpha- and beta-myosin HCs, as well as with a clone containing the 3' nontranslated sequences of the alpha-myosin HC mRNA. Seven strongly hybridizing clones were analyzed in detail. One genomic clone encoded all of the 3' nontranslated sequences of an alpha-cDNA clone and, therefore, contained the 3' end of the alpha-myosin HC gene. Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequence analysis showed that this clone overlapped a second genomic clone providing more than 25 kilobase pairs of the alpha-myosin HC gene. The exons within this region corresponded to approximately equal to 85% of the mRNA and were separated by at least 28 introns. A clone for the beta-myosin HC gene was also identified by Southern blot hybridization, by heteroduplex mapping, and by comparing the DNA sequence of a subfragment 2 exon to sequences of the alpha- and beta-cDNA clones. The introns of the alpha- and beta-myosin HC genes were in the same position but showed marked variation in length. These results conclusively showed that the alpha- and beta-myosin HCs are products of separate genes.
Toward Merging Untargeted and Targeted Methods in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Lipidomics (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTToward Merging Untargeted and Targeted Methods in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and LipidomicsTomas Cajka† and Oliver Fiehn*†‡View Author Information† UC Davis Genome Center−Metabolomics, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States‡ King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia*Phone: +1-530-754-8258. Fax: +1-530-754-9658. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 1, 524–545Publication Date (Web):December 4, 2015Publication History Published online16 December 2015Published inissue 5 January 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04491https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04491review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20448Altmetric-Citations571LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Lipidomics,Lipids,Metabolism,Metabolomics Get e-Alerts
Resist outgassing contamination growth results using both photon and electron exposures (2013)

During exposure in an EUV scanner, photoresist and other materials coated on a wafer are known to outgas various species. As a requirement to pattern materials in an ASML NXE scanner, these materials need to be screened for outgassing and possible optics contamination. As part of the testing process, a resist-coated wafer is exposed in a vacuum chamber mimicking the conditions inside an EUV scanner. The resist exposure source can be either EUV photons or electron beam (e-beam). This presentation will cover the results to date on a SEMATECH program to study resist outgassing from both the commercial system from EUV Tech and a custom Resist Outgassing and Exposure (ROX) tool. The EUV Tech results reported will be based on electron exposures of the photoresist, and the ROX results reported will be based on EUV photon exposures of the photoresist. The results reported will cover both tools and the measurements of over 80 commercial photoresists.
Use of Normative Databases and Statistical Methods in Demonstrating Clinical Utility of QEEG: Importance and Cautions (2005)

The clinical utility of the EEG, especially in psychiatric, learning and cognitive disorders, has been greatly enhanced by the use of quantitative analysis (QEEG) and comparisons to a normative database. Of primary importance in the use of such a reference database are the following considerations and cautions: adequate sampling across a broad age range; consideration of inclusion/exclusion criteria; adequate sample of artifact-free data to demonstrate reliability and replicability of norms; demonstration of specificity and sensitivity. A normative database meeting these criteria allows the multivariate description of patterns of QEEG abnormalities in patients as compared to age appropriate normative values, and the exploration of neurophysiological heterogeneity within populations. Demonstrations of the clinical significance of this approach exist in the scientific literature and demonstrate that QEEG provides high sensitivity and specificity to abnormalities in brain function seen in psychiatric populations.
An element upstream from the human δ-globin-encoding gene specifically enhances β-globin reporter gene expression in murine erythroleukemia cells (1996)

We have previously shown that a DNA-binding factor specific to adult hematopoietic cells (polypryrimidine-binding factor, PYBF) binds to a pyrimidine-rich region 1 kb upstream from the human delta-globin-encoding gene (HBD). The developmental stage-specificity of PYBF and the location of its binding site between the fetal and adult beta-globin (HBB)-like genes suggest that PBYF and its binding site may function in fetal-to-adult globin gene switching. Here, we describe the effect of 383-bp (delta383) and 99-bp (delta99) sequences containing the PYBF-binding site on transcription from various globin and non-globin promoters, using a transient assay with the cat reporter gene in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, a cell line with abundant PYBF activity. We show that both delta383 and delta99 specifically enhance expression of cat for plasmids containing a human adult globin (HBB) promoter, whereas expression of similar constructs using human fetal (A gamma-) globin (HBG1) or simian virus 40 (SV40) promoters is not enhanced. The results suggest that PYBF and the pyrimidine-rich region upstream from HBD can specifically enhance HBB transcription in adult erythroid cells.
Warped-DMR: Light-weight Error Detection for GPGPU (2012)

General purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) are feature rich GPUs that provide general purpose computing ability with massive number of parallel threads. The massive parallelism combined with programmability made GPGPUs the most attractive choice in supercomputing centers. Unsurprisingly, most of the GPGPU-based studies have been focusing on performance improvement leveraging GPGPU's high degree of parallelism. However, for many scientific applications that commonly run on supercomputers, program correctness is as important as performance. Few soft or hard errors could lead to corrupt results and can potentially waste days or even months of computing effort. In this research we exploit unique architectural characteristics of GPGPUs to propose a light weight error detection method, called Warped Dual Modular Redundancy (Warped-DMR). Warped-DMR detects errors in computation by relying on opportunistic spatial and temporal dual-modular execution of code. Warped-DMR is light weight because it exploits the underutilized parallelism in GPGPU computing for error detection. Error detection spans both within a warp as well as between warps, called intra-warp and inter-warp DMR, respectively. Warped-DMR achieves 96% error coverage while incurring a worst-case 16% performance overhead without extra execution units or programmer's effort.
C3 convertase of human complement: enhanced formation and stability of the enzyme generated with nickel instead of magnesium. (1982)

We demonstrate that nickel++ (Ni) can replace Mg in the formation of the C3b,Bb enzyme, and that Ni is more efficient in enzyme formation than Mg. C3b-bearing sheep erythrocytes (EC3b) were used to measure radiolabeled Factor B uptake and C3 convertase activity. Up to nine times more Factor B was specifically bound to EC3b in the presence of Ni than in the presence of Mg under identical conditions. To form one effective hemolytic site (1 Z) per EC3b cell with Ni, three times less Factor B, 12 times less Factor D, and 66 times less metal ion were required than when using Mg. The C3b,Bb formed with Ni (C3b,Bb(Ni)) had a 5 to 10 times longer half-life at different temperatures than the enzyme formed with Mg (C3b,Bb(Mg)). Native properdin stabilized C3b,Bb(Ni) to the same extent as C3b,Bb(Mg) (four to five times) and Factor H accelerated similarly the decay of both enzymes. Ni could also replace Mg in the formation of the C4b,2a enzyme. C4b,2a formation was measured by using C1 and C4b-bearing sheep erythrocytes (EAC1,4b) and native C2. To form 1 Z per EAC1,4b cell with Ni, two times less C2 and 60 times less metal ion were required than when using Mg. The half-life of the C4b,2a formed with Ni was two times longer than that formed with Mg. Decay of both C3b,Bb and C4b,2a enzymes formed either with Mg or with Ni was unaffected by EDTA. These results show that Ni is more efficient than Mg in the generation of both enzymes and suggest that Ni binds to the Mg-binding sites of the enzymes with a higher affinity than Mg.
Impaired Hepatic Extraction and Increased Splanchnic Production Contribute to Lactic Acidosis in Canine Sepsis (2000)

In septic shock, the extent to which lactic acidosis (LA) is a consequence of splanchnic lactate overproduction (SLP) or impaired hepatic lactate extraction (HLE) is not clear. We examined SLP and HLE in E. coli sepsis in dogs. We further determined the effects of vasopressor treatments, which included phenylephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and a combination of dobutamine and norepinephrine treatment, on SLP and HLE in respective groups. The animals were studied while anesthetized and ventilated. During sepsis, SLP increased as compared with presepsis (-0.017 versus 0.07 mmol/min, p < 0.05), but this increase could not be explained by reduced splanchnic oxygen delivery (SOD). During sepsis, HLE increased as compared with baseline (0.8 versus 8%, p < 0.05), but was significantly lower than that found during lactic acid loading in nonseptic dogs. None of the vasopressor treatments had a detrimental effect on SLP. These results indicate that LA in sepsis occurs secondary to an increase in splanchnic lactate production that is not related to reduced splanchnic oxygen delivery, as well as to a decrease in hepatic lactate extraction. Effects of different vasoactive agents did not alter either splanchnic lactate production or hepatic lactate extraction in this sepsis model.