gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Analog Pixel Memory for Low Power Application in TFT-LCDs (2011)

Two types of analog memory cells realized in a 3-μm low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) technology are proposed to achieve low power application for thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs). By employing the inversion signal in the storage capacitor with complementary source follower, the frame rate to refresh the static image can be reduced from 60 to 3.16 Hz with the output decay less than 0.1 V under the input data from 1 to 4 V. To further diminish threshold voltage drop from source follower structure, a compensation technique is implemented to the proposed analog memory cells. In addition, asymmetric output voltage can be also minimized by adding a reference voltage to achieve symmetric output waveform.
Progress in the Development of Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitors as New Orally Active Anticoagulants (2004)

The trypsin-like serine protease thrombin is a multifunctional key enzyme at the final step of the coagulation cascade and is involved in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. An increased activation of coagulation can result in severe thromboembolic disorders, one of the major reasons responsible for mortality and morbidity in western world. Therefore, an effective, safe, and orally available thrombin inhibitor could be a useful anticoagulant drug for the daily prophylaxis of venous and arterial thrombosis and prevention of myocardial infarction for high-risk patients. Synthetic thrombin inhibitors have a long history; initial compounds were derived from electrophilic ketone- and aldehyde-analogs of arginine. First potent leads of non-covalent inhibitors were developed in the early eighties, which were further optimised in the nineties, after the X-ray structure of thrombin became available. In the meantime a huge number of highly active and selective inhibitors has been published, however, only a few of them have an appropriate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic overall profile, which could justify their further development. Very recently, with Ximelagatran a first orally available thrombin inhibitor has been approved in France for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in major orthopaedic surgery after successful clinical phase III. However, it still has to be awaited, whether the extensive clinical use of Ximelagatran can demonstrate for the first time that direct thrombin inhibitors offer a real benefit in terms of efficacy and safety over established antithrombotic therapies. This review summarizes the current status of synthetic thrombin inhibitors with a focus on more recently published and promising new compounds.
Improving web performance by client characterization driven server adaptation (2002)

We categorize the set of clients communicating with a server on the Web based on information that can be determined by the server. The Web server uses the information to direct tailored actions. Users with poor connectivity may choose not to stay at a Web site if it takes a long time to receive a page, even if the Web server at the site is not the bottleneck. Retaining such clients may be of interest to a Web site. Better connected clients can receive enhanced representations of Web pages, such as with higher quality images.We explore a variety of considerations that could be used by a Web server in characterizing a client. Once a client is characterized as poor or rich, the server can deliver altered content, alter how content is delivered, alter policy and caching decisions, or decide when to redirect the client to a mirror site. We also use network-aware client clustering techniques to provide a coarser level of client categorization and use it to categorize subsequent clients from that cluster for which a client-specific categorization is not available.Our results for client characterization and applicable server actions are derived from real, recent, and diverse set of Web server logs. Our experiments demonstrate that a relatively simple characterization policy can classify poor clients such that these clients subsequently make the majority of badly performing requests to a Web server. This policy is also stable in terms of clients staying in the same class for a large portion of the analysis period. Client clustering can significantly help in initially classifying clients for which no previous information about the client is known. We also show that different server actions can be applied to a significant number of request sequences with poor performance.
Functional Plasmonic Fiber-Optic Based Sensors Using Low-Cost Microsphere Photolithography (2019)

This paper presents a technique for the low-cost fabrication of plasmonic fiber-optic based refractive-index sensors. The Microsphere Photolithography (MPL) technique was used to pattern nanoholes in a thin aluminum film to create Extraordinary Optical Transmission (EOT) based sensors on the cleaved tip of SMF-28 optical fibers. This technique uses self-assembled microspheres as an optical element and facilitates very low-cost patterning of the plasmonic probes. As the refractive index of the media changes, the reflected spectrum of optical fiber changes. The fabricated sensors were immersed in water with different concentrations of glucose, and the lowest detection limit was found to be 33 mg/mL.
Maximum likelihood reconstruction for magnetic resonance fingerprinting (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a statistical estimation framework for magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), a recently proposed quantitative imaging paradigm. Within this framework, we present a maximum likelihood formulation to simultaneously estimate multiple parameter maps from highly undersampled, noisy k-space data. A novel iterative algorithm, based on variable splitting, the alternating direction method of multipliers, and the variable projection method, is proposed to solve the resulting optimization problem. Representative results demonstrate that compared to the conventional MRF reconstruction, the proposed method yields improved accuracy and/or reduced acquisition time. Moreover, the proposed formulation enables theoretical analysis of MRF. For example, we show that with the gridding reconstruction as an initialization, the first iteration of the proposed method exactly produces the conventional MRF reconstruction.
A Phononic Bus for Coherent Interfaces Between a Superconducting Quantum Processor, Spin Memory, and Photonic Quantum Networks (2020)

We introduce a method for high-fidelity quantum state transduction between a superconducting microwave qubit and the ground state spin system of a solid-state artificial atom, mediated via an acoustic bus connected by piezoelectric transducers. Applied to present-day experimental parameters for superconducting circuit qubits and diamond silicon vacancy centers in an optimized phononic cavity, we estimate quantum state transduction with fidelity exceeding 99\% at a MHz-scale bandwidth. By combining the complementary strengths of superconducting circuit quantum computing and artificial atoms, the hybrid architecture provides high-fidelity qubit gates with long-lived quantum memory, high-fidelity measurement, large qubit number, reconfigurable qubit connectivity, and high-fidelity state and gate teleportation through optical quantum networks.
Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) The New ITU Standard for End-to-End Speech Quality Assessment Part II: Psychoacoustic Model (2002)

A new model for the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) was recently standardized by the International Telecommunications Union as Recommendation P.862. Unlike previous codec assessment models, such as PSQM and MNB (ITU-T P.861), PESQ is able to predict subjective quality with good correlation in a very wide range of conditions, which may include coding distortions, errors, noise, filtering, delay, and variable delay. The psychoacoustic model used in PESQ is introduced. Part I describes the time-delay identification technique that is used in combination with the PESQ psychoacoustic model to predict the end-to-end perceived speech quality.
Arterial spin labeling MRI: Clinical applications in the brain (2014)

Visualization of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has become an important part of neuroimaging for a wide range of diseases. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are increasingly being used to provide MR-based CBF quantification without the need for contrast administration, and can be obtained in conjunction with a structural MRI study. ASL MRI is useful for evaluating cerebrovascular disease including arterio-occlusive disease, vascular shunts, for assessing primary and secondary malignancy, and as a biomarker for neuronal metabolism in other disorders such as seizures and neurodegeneration. In this review we briefly outline the various ASL techniques including advantages and disadvantages of each, methodology for clinical interpretation, and clinical applications with specific examples.
Dual-Mode Compact Microstrip Antenna Based on Fundamental Backward Wave (2006)

In this paper, a dual-mode compact microstrip antenna based on the fundamental backward wave supported by a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial transmission line (TL) is demonstrated. The physical size and operational frequencies of the antenna are determined by the CRLH metamaterial's unit-cell. This antenna is capable of monopolar radiation at one resonant frequency and patch-like radiation at another resonant frequency. Numerical and experimental results of a three unit-cell CRLH-based antenna are used to verify the authors' claims.
First Optimal Drug Combination for Roundworms (2010)

Intestinal roundworms infect >2 billion of the poorest peoples and have received little attention. Very little money is spent on much needed drug development for human parasites, making them one of the great neglected tropical diseases. Recently, a new and powerful class of anti-roundworm drugs (anthelmintic) has emerged- crystal proteins (e.g., Cry5B) made by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Here we show that combining Cry5B with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists like tribendimidine and levamisole makes for a potent anti-roundworm cocktail.
Hardware Prototype for Two-Way Multi-Hop Relay Network with MIMO Network Coding (2010)

This paper develops the first prototype hardware for TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding. Since conventional wireless multi-hop relay networks have drawbacks of low data rate, TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay networks have been studied as a solution to realize high data rate recently. In these networks, forward and backward streams are spatially multiplexed by using interference cancellation technology such as MIMO beamforming or MIMO network coding. In this prototype hardware, MIMO network coding and network synchronization scheme are implemented to realize such TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network in real environment. In the demonstrator using the prototype hardware, each transmitter and each receiver performs network coded broadcast (BC) and MIMO multiple access (MA) respectively. Performance of the demonstrator shows that the TDD/TDMA two-way multi-hop relay network with MIMO network coding can be realized.
The effect of <i>trans-</i> 10, <i>cis-</i> 12 conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep (2005)

Trans- 10, cis- 12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a biohydrogenation intermediate produced in the rumen, is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis. Data from a number of studies where various doses of trans -10, cis -12 CLA have been abomasally infused demonstrate a curvilinear relationship between the percent reduction in milk fat yield and both the dose of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA infused and the milk fat content of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA. In addition to a reduction in milk fat output, under some circumstances an increase in milk yield and milk protein output are observed. To date, there has been no examination of the effects of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. The current study was therefore designed to determine if trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA would inhibit milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. In order to test the effectiveness of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA in inhibiting milk fat synthesis we used a lipid-encapsulated trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA supplement (LE-CLA) as a means to provide the trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA isomer post-ruminally.
Blood–brain barrier modeling with co‐cultured neural progenitor cell‐derived astrocytes and neurons (2011)

In vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models often consist of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that are co-cultured with other cells of the neurovascular unit, such as astrocytes and neurons, to enhance BBB properties. Obtaining primary astrocytes and neurons for co-culture models can be laborious, while yield and heterogeneity of primary isolations can also be limiting. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs), because of their self-renewal capacity and ability to reproducibly differentiate into tunable mixtures of neurons and astrocytes, represent a facile, readily scalable alternative. To this end, differentiated rat NPCs were co-cultured with rat BMECs and shown to induce BBB properties such as elevated trans-endothelial electrical resistance, improved tight junction continuity, polarized p-glycoprotein efflux, and low passive permeability at levels indistinguishable from those induced by primary rat astrocyte co-culture. An NPC differentiation time of 12 days, with the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, was found to be crucial for generating NPC-derived progeny capable of inducing the optimal response. This approach could also be extended to human NPC-derived astrocytes and neurons which similarly regulated BBB induction. The distribution of rat or human NPC-derived progeny under these conditions was found to be a roughly 3 : 1 mixture of astrocytes to neurons with varying degrees of cellular maturity. BMEC gene expression analysis was conducted using a BBB gene panel, and it was determined that 23 of 26 genes were similarly regulated by either differentiated rat NPC or rat astrocyte co-culture while three genes were differentially altered by the rat NPC-derived progeny. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NPCs are an attractive alternative to primary neural cells for use in BBB co-culture models.
GRAVITY-ASSIST: A series elastic body weight support system with inertia compensation (2016)

We present GRAVITY-ASSIST, a series elastic active body weight support and inertia compensation system for use in robot assisted gait rehabilitation. The device consists of a single degree of freedom series elastic actuator that connects to the trunk of a patient. The series elastic system is novel in that, it can provide the desired level of dynamic unloading such that the patient experiences only a percentage of his/her weight and inertia. Inertia compensation is important, since the inertial forces can cause significant deviations from the desired unloading force, specially at low support forces and fast walking speeds. Furthermore, this feature enables the inertia of the harness and force sensing unit attached to the patient to be compensated for, making sure that the device does not interfere with the natural gait cycle. We present a functional prototype of the device, its characterization and experimental verification of the approach.
Nanoscale ridge aperture as near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2011)

Near-field transducer based on nanoscale optical antenna has been shown to generate high transmission and strongly localized optical spots well below the diffraction limit. In this paper, nanoscale ridge aperture antenna is considered as near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording. The spot size and transmission efficiency produced by ridge aperture are numerically studied. We show that the ridge apertures in a bowtie or half-bowtie shape are capable of generating small optical spots as well as elongated optical spots with desired aspect ratios for magnetic recording. The transmission efficiency can be improved by adding grooves around the apertures.
A New CMOS Hall Angular Position Sensor (Neuer CMOS-Hall-Winkelpositionssensor) (2001)

The new angular position sensor consists of a combination of a permanent magnet attached to a shaft and of a two-axis magnetic sensor. The permanent magnet produces a magnetic field parallel with the magnetic sensor plane. As the shaft rotates, the magnetic field also rotates. The magnetic sensor is an integrated combination of a CMOS Hall integrated circuit and a thin ferromagnetic disk. The CMOS part of the system contains two or more conventional Hall devices positioned under the periphery of the disk. The ferromagnetic disk converts locally a magnetic field parallel with the chip surface into a field perpendicular to the chip surface. Therefore, a conventional Hall element can detect an external magnetic field parallel with the chip surface. As the direction of the external magnetic field rotates in the chip plane, the output voltage of the Hall element varies as the cosine of the rotation angle. By placing the Hall elements at the appropriate places under the disk periphery, we may obtain the cosine signals shifted by 90°, 120°, or by any other angle.
Design of resonant small antenna using composite right/left-handed transmission line (2005)

The paper presents the design of an electrically small antenna employing a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line. The physical size and operating frequency of the antenna depend on the unit cell size and equivalent transmission line model parameters. Therefore, the small antenna is realized by miniaturizing the unit cell and increasing the shunt inductance and series capacitance. A four unit cell resonant antenna is designed and tested at 1.06 GHz. The length, width and height of the proposed antenna are (1/19)/spl lambda//sub 0/, (1/23)/spl lambda//sub 0/, and (1/83)/spl lambda//sub 0/, respectively.
Hydrocarbon conversion process. [catalytic cracking of high-boiling hydrocarbons] (1977)

An operation is described which involves the catalytic cracking of high boiling hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen contributing fragments in the presence of particularly crystalline zeolite conversion catalysts promoting the chemical reactions of cracking, hydrogen redistribution, olefin cyclization and chemical reactions providing mobile hydrogen in one of several different forms and suitable for completing desired hydrogen transfer reactions. The chemical reactions desired are particularly promoted by a mixture of large and smaller pore crystalline zeolites in the presence of hydrogen contributing materials such as methanol or mixed with one or more reactants which will form methanol under suitable reaction conditions. 14 claims.
Hybrid Scalar/Vector Quantization of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for Low Bit-Rate Coding of Speech (2011)

In this paper, we propose a low bit-rate speech codec based on a hybrid scalar/vector quantization of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). We begin by showing that if a high-resolution mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is computed, good-quality speech reconstruction is possible from the MFCCs despite the lack of explicit phase information. By evaluating the contribution toward speech quality that individual MFCCs make and applying appropriate quantization, our results show perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) of the MFCC-based codec matches the state-of-the-art MELPe codec at 600 bps and exceeds the CELP codec at 2000-4000 bps coding rates. The main advantage of the proposed codec is in distributed speech recognition (DSR) since speech features based on MFCCs can be directly obtained from code words thus eliminating additional decode and feature extract stages.
High-resolution electric field sensor based on whispering gallery modes of a beam-coupled dielectric resonator (2012)

This paper presents a high-resolution optical sensor concept for electric field detection. The sensing element is a coupled dielectric microsphere-beam. The material for both the sphere and the beam is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The measurement principle is based on the whispering gallery optical mode (WGM) shifts of the microsphere. The external electric field imposes an electrtrostriction force on the dielectric beam, deflecting it. The beam, in turn compresses the sphere causing a shift in its WGM. An analysis is carried out along with preliminary experiments. Results show that electric fields as small as ~100 V/m can be detected using a 300 μm diameter sphere.
564 Impact of Transfusion Threshold on Infectious Complications After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (2015)

Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) can worsen outcomes, increase cost, and prolong hospitalization. An objective marker could help identify POI patients who should not follow standardized enhanced recovery pathways. We developed a disposable, non-invasive wearable biosensor that adheres to the external abdominal wall and monitors intra-abdominal acoustic events. Specialized software identifies stereotyped motility sounds while gating-out extraneous noise; the result is an intestinal rate (IR) of motility events per minute. Previous research found the sensor distinguishes POI from non-POI subjects in cross-sectional analysis (J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:1795). The current study performed longitudinal monitoring of motility, akin to GI telemetry, to examine differences in post-op motility between POI and non-POI subjects. Methods: We studied a small, disposable sensor with a highfidelity microphone that adheres externally to the abdominal wall (Figure 1). The device connects to a bedside computer that uses an acoustic signal processing system to measure and display motility events. We recruited subjects to wear the device both 30 minutes before and continuously after colorectal surgery. We calculated mean IR every hour until discharge and separated patients into those with vs. without POI during their post-op course. We defined POI as vomiting, need for nasogastric decompression, or imaging consistent with ileus. We used t-tests to compare: 1) mean IR in POI vs. non-POI groups across all postop days (PODs); 2) relative change in IR from POD#1 to POD#2; and 3) across all subjects, mean IR on days with evidence of POI vs. no POI. Results: Continuous was performed on 12 subjects (4 POI; 8 non-POI; age=54+13; 50%M). Figure 2 shows a sample tracing in a POI subject with persistently low IR. Mean IR was 45% lower in POI vs. nonPOI groups (1.6 vs. 2.9 events/min; p<0.001). Across all subjects, IR was lower in days with POI vs. without POI (2.1 vs. 3.5 events/min; p<0.001). The first 24 hours after surgery revealed high variability in motility among subjects and no difference in IR between groups. However, in POI subjects, IR dropped by 48% between POD#1 and POD#2, whereas nonPOI subjects had a 38% increase in IR during the same period (p<0.006). There were no differences in immediate pre-op IR between groups. Conclusion: Non-invasive, abdominal acoustic monitoring with GI telemetry distinguishes POI from non-POI subjects. Immediate preand post-op motility is difficult to interpret and may not predict POI, but evidence of decreasing IR between POD#1 and #2 indicates evolving POI and should raise caution with advancing feeds. Future research will evaluate variations in post-op IR in a larger sample and determine whether GI telemetry can assist with safe and effective post-op decisions about feeding and timing of discharge.
Effect of guiding filters on the behavior of dispersion-managed solitons (1999)

We show that guiding filters fundamentally alter the behavior of dispersion-managed soltions by making the pulse energy nearly independent of path-average dispersion (D?) in the neighborhood of D?=0 . This fact enables one to design maps permitting adequate pulse energy with narrow-bandwidth, temporally broad pulses for the attainment of high spectral efficiency and reduced nonlinear penalties in wavelength-division multiplexing.