gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiogenomics to characterize regional genetic heterogeneity in glioblastoma (2016)

MRI and texture analysis can help characterize regional genetic heterogeneity, which offers potential diagnostic value under the paradigm of individualized oncology.
Dense Object Reconstruction with Semantic Priors (2013)

We present a dense reconstruction approach that overcomes the drawbacks of traditional multiview stereo by incorporating semantic information in the form of learned category-level shape priors and object detection. Given training data comprised of 3D scans and images of objects from various viewpoints, we learn a prior comprised of a mean shape and a set of weighted anchor points. The former captures the commonality of shapes across the category, while the latter encodes similarities between instances in the form of appearance and spatial consistency. We propose robust algorithms to match anchor points across instances that enable learning a mean shape for the category, even with large shape variations across instances. We model the shape of an object instance as a warped version of the category mean, along with instance-specific details. Given multiple images of an unseen instance, we collate information from 2D object detectors to align the structure from motion point cloud with the mean shape, which is subsequently warped and refined to approach the actual shape. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model is general enough to learn semantic priors for different object categories, yet powerful enough to reconstruct individual shapes with large variations. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that our framework can produce more accurate reconstructions than alternative state-of-the-art multiview stereo systems.
Pulsed valve matrix-assisted ionization (2017)

We have developed a new ionization approach for matrix-assisted ionization with high temporal resolution using an electrically actuated pulsed valve. Matrix and analyte samples are deposited on a thin metal foil and placed at the inlet of an ambient ionization mass spectrometer. When the pulsed valve is actuated, a short puff of high pressure gas impinges on the foil and ejects particulate from the sample on the opposite side. Highly charged ions are formed from the particles at the mass spectrometer inlet. Using this source, multiply charged protein ions are produced within a selectable 4 second time window.
Regularization method for scatter‐glare correction in fluoroscopic images (1999)

Fluoroscopic images are degraded by scattering of x-rays from within the patient and by veiling glare in the image intensifier. Both of these degradations are well described by a response function applied to either the scatter-free or primary intensity. The response function is variable, with dependence on such factors as patient thickness and imaging geometry. We describe an automated regularization technique for obtaining response function parameters with a minimal loss of signal. This method requires a high-transmission structured reference object to be interposed between the x-ray source and the subject. We estimate the parameters by minimizing residual correlations between the reference object and the computed subject density after a scatter-glare correction. We use simulated images to evaluate our method for both ideal and clinically realistic conditions. We find that the residual root-mean-square (rms) error ideally decreases with an increasing number of independent pixels (N) as (1/N)1/2. In simulated 256x256 angiograms mean normalized rms errors were reduced from 40% to 11% in noise-free images, and from 41% to 17% in noisy images, with a similar improvement in densitometric vessel cross-section measurements. These results demonstrate the validity of the method for simulated images and characterize its expected performance on clinical images.
T-Helper 2 Lymphocyte-Expressed Nkg2A Suppresses Interleukin-4 Secretion upon Cd3/Cd28/Hla-E Costimulation: A Novel Mechanism for T-Helper 2 Dominance in Asthma (2006)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published March 2006T-Helper 2 Lymphocyte-Expressed Nkg2A Suppresses Interleukin-4 Secretion upon Cd3/Cd28/Hla-E Costimulation: A Novel Mechanism for T-Helper 2 Dominance in AsthmaR.J. Freishtat, B. Mojgani, and E.P. HoffmanView all authors and affiliationsVolume 54, Issue 2_supplhttps://doi.org/10.1177/108155890605402s94
Yeast-encapsulated essential oils: a new perspective as an environmentally friendly larvicide (2020)

The larvicide based on OO encapsulated in yeast was shown to be highly active (LD<sub>50</sub> < 50 mg/l) against all larval stages of Ae. aegypti. These results demonstrate its potential for incorporation in an integrated approach to larval source management of Ae. aegypti. This novel approach can enable development of affordable control strategies that may have significant impact on global health.
A Simple Method for Transmission with Reduced Crosstalk and Echo (2006)

The special ZXtalk method for completely degenerate interconnections (CDI) is capable of providing reduced echo and crosstalk in multiconductor interconnections, using few circuit elements. The paper defines the method and provides a design example showing how the termination circuits can be simplified. The paper also introduces a new type of MIMO amplifier, and explains why it is particularly suitable for the transmitting circuits used in the example. The number of circuit elements required by the ZXtalk method for CDI is finally shown to be proportional to the number of transmission channels.
Ride quality meter (1983)

Single- and combined-Axis discomfort are corrected by effects of noise and vibration to yield measure of total discomfort experienced by rider. Three modules transform mathematically-weighted rms accelerations, which represent physical vibration characteristics, into subjective discomfort units. Portable ride-quality meter measures passenger discomfort and acceptability of vehicle interior noise and vibration. Meter especially suited for determining vehicle comfort and design tradeoffs and for comparing ride quality of vehicles.
In-situ vitrification of soil. [Patent application] (1981)

A method of vitrifying soil at or below a soil surface location. Two or more conductive electrodes are inserted into the soil for heating of the soil mass between them to a temperature above its melting temperature. Materials in the soil, such as buried waste, can thereby be effectively immobilized.
Control of PWM voltage inverters in the pulse dropping region (1995)

The overmodulation of pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters causes a nonlinearity in the feedforward channel. The type of modulator, sine wave, space vector or third harmonic, establishes the characteristics of the transition region's nonlinearity. The characteristics for a number of modulation strategies are introduced. Test results from commercially available volts per hertz (V/F) drives reveal their inability to provide rated voltage even at rated input conditions. The adverse effects of the overmodulation region on current regulated AC inverters are demonstrated by experimental results. A compensated modulation technique (CMT), adaptable to continuous and discontinuous modulators, provides the exact inverse of the nonlinearity; thus it produces a smooth transition to six-step operation without inducing a voltage transient. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the CMT's smooth transition to six-step and the improved performance of the CMT-PWM. Finally, a comparison of the CMT with the other known overmodulation strategy shows the CMT provides a simple technique with essentially identical harmonic characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Swalpamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation and biological activity. (1987)

A new macrolide antibiotic, swalpamycin, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. Y-84,30967. Taxonomically the producing organism most closely resembles Streptomyces anandii and has therefore been named S. anandii subsp. swalpus. Swalpamycin is a neutral 16-membered macrolide active against Gram-positive bacteria including erythromycin-resistant strains.
Antimicrobial behavior, low-stress mechanical properties, and comfort of knitted fabrics made from poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid filaments and cotton yarns (2021)

This article presents a systematic investigation of the knitted fabrics made from various blends of intrinsically antimicrobial poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid filaments and cotton staple fibers. The effects of blend yarn, fabric structures, and distributions of fibers on antimicrobial properties of resultant yarns and knitted fabrics were studied. The relationships among fiber distribution, blend ratio, and anti-microbial properties were experimentally determined for three blend yarns made by sirofil, wrap-spun, and core-spun spinning technologies. The fabrics made from the sirofil-spun and wrap-spun yarns show better anti-microbial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans than those of the core-spun yarns, according to the standard AATCC100-2012 Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, 2012). An alternative blending method of co-knitting of the pure poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide acid yarns and cotton yarns achieved excellent antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, a wearing trial of underwear made from the blended knitted fabrics was conducted in a nursing home. The wearing comfort of the garments, low-stress mechanical and surface properties of fabrics were evaluated objectively by the Kawabata Evaluation System of Fabric (KESF) system and subjectively by a questionnaire survey to users.
Room temperature CW operation of a surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic crystal laser (2004)

This paper discusses the observation of a room temperature continuous wave oscillation from a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser based on the two-dimensional distributed feedback effect, that is, the band-edge effect in a photonic crystal. The laser can operate in single longitudinal and lateral modes over a large area.
Removal of tile artifacts using projection onto scaling functions for JPEG2000 (2003)

For practical image compression systems, handling images divided into independent tiles in the pixel domain is important. However, tiling introduces artifacts when transform coefficients are quantized The paper presents a "detiling" solution applicable to wavelet transform coefficients. The solution, called projection onto scaling functions, eliminates the blocking artifacts by computing approximations that match the smoothness of the compressed image inside a tile. This solution is applicable to any wavelet filter - extending previous work that applied only to a limited class of wavelet filters - and specifically targets decoding of JPEG2000 compressed images.
Engineered Microcapsules Fabricated from Reconstituted Spider Silk (2007)

Recombinant spider-silk proteins are used to produce responsive microcapsules with good mechanical and chemical stability (see figure). Emulsion interfaces are harnessed to induce the controlled self-assembly of these proteins into predominantly β-sheet configurations, resulting in a mechanically stable thin polymer shell. Capsules transferred into a continuous phase can readily encapsulate large molecules, while allowing small molecules to permeate freely.
Biocompatible Surface Chemistry Manipulation of Gold Nanorods Preserves Optical Properties for Bio-Imaging Applications (2015)

Abstract : Due to their anisotropic shape, gold nanorods (GNRs) possess a number of advantages for biosystem use including, enhanced surface area and tunable optical properties within the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide-related cytotoxicity, overall poor cellular uptake following surface chemistry modifications, and loss of NIR optical properties due to material intracellular aggregation in combination remain as obstacles for nanobased biomedical GNR applications. In this article, we report that tannic acid-coated 11-mercaptoundecyl trimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) GNRs (MTAB-TA) show no significant decrease in either in vitro cell viability or stress activation after exposures to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, MTAB-TA GNRs demonstrate a substantial level of cellular uptake while displaying a unique intracellular clustering pattern. This clustering pattern significantly reduces intracellular aggregation, preserving the GNRs NIR optical roperties, vital for biomedical imaging applications. These results demonstrate how surface chemistry modifications enhance biocompatibility, allow for higher rate of internalization with low intracellular aggregation of MTAB-TA GNRs, and identify them as prime candidates for use in nanobased bio-imaging applications.
A Dominant Negative Mutant of Bacillus anthracisProtective Antigen Inhibits Anthrax Toxin Action in Vivo (2001)

PA63, a proteolytically activated 63-kDa form of anthrax protective antigen (PA), forms heptameric oligomers and has the ability to bind and translocate the catalytic moieties, lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF) into the cytosol of mammalian cells. Acidic pH triggers oligomerization and membrane insertion by PA63. A disordered amphipathic loop in domain II of PA (2beta2-2beta3 loop) is involved in membrane insertion by PA63. Because conditions required for membrane insertion coincide with those for oligomerization of PA63 in mammalian cells, residues constituting the 2beta2-2beta3 loop were replaced with the residues of the amphipathic membrane-inserting loop of its homologue iota-b toxin secreted by Clostridium perfringens. It was hypothesized that such a molecule might assemble into hetero-heptameric structures with wild-type PA ultimately leading to the inhibition of cellular intoxication. The mutation blocked the ability of PA to mediate membrane insertion and translocation of LF into the cytosol but had no effect on proteolytic activation, oligomerization, or binding LF. Moreover, an equimolar mixture of purified mutant PA (PA-I) and wild-type PA showed complete inhibition of toxin activity both in vitro on J774A.1 cells and in vivo in Fischer 344 rats thereby exhibiting a dominant negative effect. In addition, PA-I inhibited the channel-forming ability of wild-type PA on the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells thereby indicating protein-protein interactions between the two proteins resulting in the formation of mixed oligomers with defective functional activity. Our findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of translocation and exploring the possibility of the use of this PA molecule as a therapeutic agent against anthrax toxin action in vivo.
A Tutorial on the Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Control of Atomic Force Microscopes (2007)

The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is one of the most versatile tools in nanotechnology. For control engineers this instrument is particularly interesting, since its ability to image the surface of a sample is entirely dependent upon the use of a feedback loop. This paper will present a tutorial on the control of AFMs. We take the reader on a walk around the control loop and discuss each of the individual technology components. The major imaging modes are described from a controls perspective and recent advances geared at increasing the performance of these microscopes are highlighted.
Tone-Based Command of Deep Space Probes using Ground Antennas (2008)

A document discusses a technique for enabling the reception of spacecraft commands at received signal levels as much as three orders of magnitude below those of current deep space systems. Tone-based commanding deals with the reception of commands that are sent in the form of precise frequency offsets using an open-loop receiver. The key elements of this technique are an ultrastable oscillator and open-loop receiver onboard the spacecraft, both of which are part of the existing New Horizons (Pluto flyby) communications system design. This enables possible flight experimentation for tone-based commanding during the long cruise of the spacecraft to Pluto. In this technique, it is also necessary to accurately remove Doppler shift from the uplink signal presented to the spacecraft. A signal processor in the spacecraft performs a discrete Fourier transform on the received signal to determine the frequency of the received signal. Due to the long-term drift in the oscillators and orbit prediction model, the system is likely to be implemented differentially, where changes in the uplink frequency convey the command information.
The effects of HLA-DO on peptide binding by MHC Class II HLA-DR1 (130.14) (2010)

Abstract Ever since the discovery of the HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB genes in the HLA Class II region, controversy has surrounded their true function. Studies resulting in transcriptional modification of the HLA-DO gene analogs in mice (H-2O) support the general theory that DO decreases the presentation of antigens through the MHC class II system by inhibiting the effects of the MHC class II accessory molecule HLA-DM. The mechanism of such inhibition, however, still remains a mystery. To shed some light on this issue, we have constructed a recombinant form of soluble HLA-DO, without its cytoplasmic anchors, and conducted peptide binding experiments with soluble forms of recombinant HLA-DM and HLA-DR1. Our experiments indicate that DO can have both a negative and a positive effect on peptide presentation by the MHC Class II molecule HLA-DR1, depending on the quality of the anchoring residues of the peptide. In addition, HLA-DO only affects peptide association to the MHC Class II molecules and has virtually no effect on peptide dissociation.
Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of the Amphotropic Retrovirus Receptor cDNA Increases Retroviral Transduction in Cultured Cells (1995)

The presence of functional amphotropic receptors on the cell surface is necessary for amphotropic retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. A recombinant adenoviral vector that expresses the receptor for amphotropic retrovirus (RAM) was constructed and used to express the receptor cDNA in different cell types in culture. Transfer of the RAM cDNA increased amphotropic retroviral-mediated transfer from 0 to 60% in Chinese hamster ovary cells. RAM expression increased retroviral transduction four- to eight-fold from 2-4% to 18%-35% in HeLa, Namalva, and X63 cells, but had no effect on 208F and HepG2 cells which have high baseline retroviral transduction rates of about 50%. For the purpose of application to ex vivo gene therapy, primary mouse hepatocytes were studied in a similar manner. Hepatocytes had a baseline transduction efficiency of about 40% and did not have increased rates of retroviral-mediated gene transfer with expression of recombinant RAM. This recombinant adenoviral vector conferred infection of amphotropic retrovirus into cells that were relatively resistant to infection, thus offering a rapid and easy method to stably introduce genes into these cell lines.
Use of a Synthetic Peptide Epitope of Asp f 1, a Major Allergen or Antigen of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, for Improved Immunodiagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (2004)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immunologically complex allergic disorder caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Elevated levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, and IgG antibodies in sera are important immunodiagnostic criteria for ABPA. International reference standards or standardized immunodiagnostic assays are not available due to a lack of well-defined diagnostic antigens. The present study was carried out to identify and evaluate the immunodiagnostic relevance of synthetic epitopic peptides of Asp f 1, a major allergen, antigen, or cytotoxin of A. fumigatus. Five overlapping peptides were synthesized from the N terminus of Asp f 1, one of the potential immunodominant regions predicted by algorithmic programs. The 11-amino-acid synthetic peptide (P1) significantly inhibited both IgG binding (89.10% +/- 4.45%) and IgE binding (77.32% +/- 3.38%) of the standardized diagnostic antigen (SDA) (a well-defined pool of diagnostically relevant allergens and antigens of A. fumigatus). With a panel of sera of ABPA patients, allergic patients with skin test negativity to A. fumigatus, and healthy individuals, P1 showed a higher diagnostic efficiency than SDA (specific IgG, 100%; specific IgE, 98.3%). The diagnostic efficiency of P1 could be attributed to the presence of homologous epitopes in various immunodominant allergens or antigens of A. fumigatus. The ability of P1 to induce histamine release from sensitized mast cells and a Th2 type of cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ABPA patients suggests its potential for use in intradermal testing. P1 could be further explored for development of a standardized, specific, and sensitive immunodiagnostic test for aspergillosis.
Fundamental Examination of Hybrid Type Double Three-phase Stepping Motor (2005)

In improving the resolution of hybrid type stepping motor, there are a method of increasing the number of rotor teeth and a method of increasing the number of phases. The method of increasing the number of rotor teeth comes for the limit to exist from respect of the machining and the increase in the number of rotor teeth causes the deterioration of high-speed characteristics. On he other hand, the method of increasing the number of phases brings the cost amount from becoming of the drive circuit the complexity.In this paper, aiming at improvement of resolution of HB Type stepping motor, double 3-phase stepping motor are examined which has 2 sets of 3-phase stator windings. It has the half step angle as 3-phase stepping motor with the same number of rotor teeth. It is shown that double 3-phase motor has 2 types of construction which are different in magnetic path (multi-phase magnetic path type and uni-phase magnetic path type). In each type, how to choose the number of rotor teeth and stator magnetic pole intervals to compose double 3-phase stepping motor are examined, and the motor characteristics are compared multi-phase magnetic path type with uni-phase magnetic path type.
An on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings (2005)

A novel on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings is proposed in this paper. The concept is to measure the differential leakage currents of each phase winding from the terminal box in a non-invasive manner to assess the insulation condition during motor operation. The conventional differential CTs used for phase fault protection can be replaced with high performance current sensors to measure the leakage current with higher accuracy. Indicators for insulation condition such as the capacitance and dissipation factor are calculated based on the measurements to provide a low cost solution for on-line insulation condition assessment. A simplified on-line insulation system model is derived for analysis and interpretation of the measured data. Experimental results on a 15 hp induction motor under simulated insulation degradation conditions show that the proposed technique is a very sensitive method capable of detecting incipient signs of insulation degradation.