gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tripping Operations Optimized Through Closed-Loop Vision Technology (2017)

Abstract Image sensor technology transforms traditional rig floor drilling processes. It can replace manual functions, such as visual verification of correct iron roughneck jaw position, and improve the efficiency of operations such as physical adjustment of tool height, by adding automation. The presented system uses an imaging sensor installed in a remote, static position with a clear line-of-sight to well center. Custom algorithms automatically resolve the height and (optionally) the diameter of a pipe in well center. The system continuously processes images, correlates these against machine states, and shares the results with the control system and the operator. The measured height is then used to optimize the iron roughneck trajectory from the initial position to the correct make-up position, reducing the overall time needed to perform trip in and standbuilding processes. The system measures and reports the correct pipe height in 98.7 % of the test experiments, and is capable of improving connection efficiency by 26.2 % on average, as well as increasing consistency when compared to conventional operations.
Compact microstrip phase shifter for beam steering antenna (2016)

In this paper, a compact microstripline based phase shifter has been proposed. It uses a reconfigurable defected microstripline structure (RDMS) which allows it to be compact. RDMS is made by etching a slot in the microstripline and loading it with capacitor and pin diodes. “ON” and “OFF” states of pin diodes provides phase shift due to different current paths. The results demonstrate 40 % reduction in length of the phase shifter as compared to previous such work [1]. The phase shifter provides a phase shift of 15 degrees at 2.4 Ghz. Subsequently, a four element phased array antenna has been fabricated using eight such phase shifters to steer the beam from -8 to 8 degrees in the H plane and provide a gain of 7.9 dBi. Further, better fabrication techniques promise lesser insertion loss and a better gain leading to practical applications.
Nanostructuring in submicron-level waveguides with femtosecond laser pulses (2003)

Summary form only given. In early 2000, we demonstrated the capability of a femtosecond laser with a UV wavelength of 387 nm to drill 200-250 nm holes in Si-on-SiO/sub 2/ substrate. It met the spacing requirement for 1D waveguide photonic crystal. We then took the next step to study drilling small holes on actual waveguides Promising drilling results on waveguides were achieved, and a forbidden transmission zone or photonic band gap was discovered from the laser-machined waveguides during our preliminary measurement. Our best drilling results were obtained recently. On 600 nm wide waveguides, we drilled 8 holes (diameter /spl sim/ 200 nm) with pitch size of 400 nm. Reasonable uniformity in hole-size and hole-shape was obtained, and holes were pretty well positioned.
Community: Eclipsed or Resurgent? (2016)

The locus of community has been identified with the small town. With urbanization and industrialization, a shift occurred to spatially unbounded networks which are relationally defined and can be found in multiple contexts. The importance of community has long been recognized for both the individual and the society. Intentional communities represent attempts to create it. Examples include communes in the past, cohousing, gated communities, ecovillages and neighbornets. New Urbanist design attempts to create community through architecture and land use patterns, increasing the potential for people to come into contact with one another. The success of these efforts remains ambiguous. The Internet offers digital communities especially on social media sites. They represent a type of hybrid community today, a new structure. In the future, two demographic trends favor compact living arrangements and the potential for locality based community: the preferences of millennials who seem to want to abandon sprawling suburbs, and aging boomers who could benefit from the assistance of a supportive community. Environmental concerns and the need for action will also be locality based. Both the Internet and compact locality based communities offer the promise of social attachments, resurgent community. The limitation is in the homogeneity of the attachments. Bridging capital and coalitions of people who are different will be essential. Community, however, exists in a national and global context; acts of terrorism, the economy and national leadership make the future uncertain.
J. William Davis (1995)

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Alterations in the functional anatomy of reading induced by rehabilitation of an alexic patient. (2000)

Dyslexia rehabilitation may facilitate right-hemisphere cortical networks in the reading process and increase engagement of phonologic articulatory motor representations in Broca's area.
Nef Reaction with Molecular Oxygen in the Absence of Metal Additives, and Mechanistic Insights (2014)

A Nef reaction has been developed that is conducted under mildly basic conditions with molecular oxygen as an oxidant, without the need for metal additives. Whereas nitroalkanes are converted into ketones in good yield, nitroalkenes are transformed into α,β-unsaturated ketones in one-pot by double-bond isomerization followed by the oxygen-mediated Nef reaction. The reaction protocol is both mild and general, and tolerates acid- and base-labile functionality or protecting groups. When oxygen-saturated solvents are employed, the reaction completes within 20 min. Mechanistically, the addition of nitronate ion and molecular oxygen is proposed to proceed initially through a single-electron transfer event, as indicated by radical clock experiments. This ultimately generates a putative 1,1-dioxirane, which reacts further with another nitronate ion to generate the ketone. Involvement of a 1,1-dioxirane is supported by intramolecular trapping experiments with sulfide at the γ-position of the nitro-moiety.
The Role of Cell Biology and Leaflet Remodeling in the Progression of Heart Valve Disease (2010)

The Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal provides timely updates on important topics in cardiovascular medicine with quarterly, thematic review-article issues. Each issue is curated by subject-matter-expert guest editors and includes invited reviews along with case reports, interesting multimodality images, and humanities submissions. Additional case reports, images, CME quizzes, and editorials are published on a continuous basis online. MDCVJ is geared towards cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, general practitioners, and CV residents and fellows and is indexed in PubMed and MEDLINE.MDCVJ is published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center as part of DeBakey CV Education, an epicenter for cardiovascular academic and clinical education programs located in the heart of the Texas Medical Center. Along with the Journal, DeBakey CV Education offers online and hands-on training for cardiovascular healthcare professionals at all stages in their careers. DeBakey CV Education’s vast YouTube library features hundreds of training videos and live webcasts, including Journal features. Subscribe to the YouTube channel today and sign up for newsletter updates about training opportunities.
Isolation and Structure Determination of Genes (2003)

The study of genes that are expressed only, or with unique effects, in the nervous system has become important from both a molecular biological and a clinical perspective. From knowledge of the structure of a gene and its exons, it is possible to identify 1. the sequence of the mRNA produced by that gene 2. mechanisms of gene expression such as steroid regulation, or alternative mRNA splicing 3. evolutionary relationships of genes or 4. mutations that alter expression of a gene, causing disease
A Smart Location-Aware Hand Sanitizer Dispenser System (2020)

The design, development and results from the deployment of a hand hygiene monitoring and reminder system is presented. The system is based on a dispenser equipped with low-energy Bluetooth technology which when coupled with a mobile application provides the basic location-awareness necessary to track the proximity of health-care worker to the dispenser. The system architecture provides the unique feature of selectively enabling the dispenser action in the smart dispenser only when the intended user is in its proximity. This feature is critical for deployment of hand sanitizer dispensers in hospital wards where there is apprehension in patients ingesting the sanitizer persists. The mobile application maintains an online database of the hand hygiene event records. The records are presented to administrators through a web-based dashboard for assessment and improvement of organizational hand-hygiene compliance levels. Preliminary quantitative results as well as qualitative results are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of the system to serve as form of motivation for health care workers to improve their hand hygiene compliance.
A deep learning-based computational prediction model for characterizing cellular biomarker distribution in tumor microenvironment (2022)

Evaluation of cancer cell and immune cell distribution in tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the most important factors for guiding cancer immunotherapy and assessing therapeutic response. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) is often used to obtain the different types of cellular biomarker expression and distribution information in TME, but mIHC is limited by time-consuming and cost-intensive, and pathologists’ objectives etc. In this work, we proposed a deep learning-based modified U-Net (m-Unet), by replacing the original convolution sub-module with a modified block to predict the distribution of several typical cellular biomarkers’ expression and distribution information in TME. We have demonstrated that our model can be trained in both fully supervised and semi-supervised manners. The model can extract segmentation information from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) images, and predict the cellular biomarker distributions including panCK for colon cancer cells, CD3 and CD20 for tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and DAPI for nucleus. We have demonstrated that our model can be trained in both fully supervised and semi-supervised manners and. the performance of the m-Unet is better than the U-Net in this work. The optimal prediction accuracy of m-Unet is 88.3% on the test dataset. In general, this model possesses the potential to assist the clinical TME analysis.
The State of the Touch‐Screen Market in 2010 (2010)

Touch screens are in widespread use, due to the intuitive interfaces they enable, which can save time and increase productivity. Falling component prices have also spurred adoption, with consumer products increasingly being designed around touch screens. Touch‐screen devices are also widely perceived as cool and fun.
Fusion of respiration-correlated PET and CT scans: correlated lung tumour motion in anatomical and functional scans (2005)

Lower lobe lung tumours in particular can move up to 2 cm in the cranio-caudal direction during the respiration cycle. This breathing motion causes image artefacts in conventional free-breathing computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, rendering delineation of structures for radiotherapy inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for four-dimensional (4D) respiration-correlated (RC) acquisition of both CT and PET scans and to develop a framework to fuse these modalities. The breathing signal was acquired using a thermometer in the breathing airflow of the patient. Using this breathing signal, the acquired CT and PET data were grouped to the corresponding respiratory phases, thereby obtaining 4D CT and PET scans. Tumour motion curves were assessed in both image modalities. From these tumour motion curves, the deviation with respect to the mean tumour position was calculated for each phase. The absolute position of the centre of the tumour, relative to the bony anatomy, in the RCCT and gated PET scans was determined. This 4D acquisition and 4D fusion methodology was performed for five patients with lower lobe tumours. The peak-to-peak amplitude range in this sample group was 1-2 cm. The 3D tumour motion curve differed less than 1 mm between PET and CT for all phases. The mean difference in amplitude was less than 1 mm. The position of the centre of the tumour (relative to the bony anatomy) in the RCCT and gated PET scan was similar (difference <1 mm) when no atelectasis was present. Based on these results, we conclude that the method described in this study allows for accurate quantification of tumour motion in CT and PET scans and yields accurate respiration-correlated 4D anatomical and functional information on the tumour region
Base-Cruck Usages in Suffolk (1990)

Although Suffolk forms part of the stretch of eastern and south-eastern England left significantly blank in any maps of cruck or base-cruck distribution, there are nevertheless a number of base-cruck-like usages in parts of the county which merit mention. They fall into several groups and their known distribution (fig. 1) is concentrated in an area of central Suffolk stretching roughly from south of Stowmarket to the Norfolk border, but they may well extend into adjacent parts of south Norfolk. Most were identified during the course of the intensive Listed Building Resurvey of 1982-87 and have not been re-examined since, although in some cases this would clearly be desirable. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to them with what information is currently available, while accepting that more work remains to be done.
A Quadratic Programming Bibliography (2012)

A method for restoring an optical image which is subjected to low-pass frequency filtering is presented. It is assumed that the object whose image is restored is of finite spatial extent. The problem is treated as an algebraic image-restoration problem which is then solved as a quadratic programming problem with bounded variables. The regularization technique for the ill-posed system is to replace the consistent system of the quadratic programming problem by an approximate system of smaller rank. The rank which gives a best or near-best solution is estimated. This method is a novel one, and it compares favorably with other known methods. Computer-simulated examples are presented. Comments and conclusions are given.
A Voltage-dependent Porin-like Channel in the Inner Envelope Membrane of Plant Chloroplasts (1995)

The electrical activity of a single channel of 525 +/- 12 picosiemens in 150 mM KCl was measured after fusion of the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast with planar lipid bilayers. The reversal potentials measured in KCl gradients indicate that this channel is weakly anion selective (PCl/PK = 1.6 +/- 0.2). The gating mechanism of the pore is voltage dependent. The channel shifts from a fully open state to a substrate at positive electrical potentials and remains closed at negative electrical potentials. Succinylation of the protein increases the open probability of the fully open state and reverses the channel selectivity. Analysis of the single-channel conductance as a function of the salt concentration and of the open probability at various voltages suggests that this channel is a new membrane porin not previously identified.
Diketo Acid Pharmacophore. 2. Discovery of Structurally Diverse Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (2005)

Because of its unique role in the viral replication process, HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an important antiretroviral drug target. The beta-diketo acid class of IN inhibitors has played a major role in validating IN as a legitimate target for antiretroviral drug design. S-1360 (1) and L-870,810 (2) are examples of beta-diketo acid related compounds to enter clinical trials. With an aim to discover novel lead compounds with diverse structural scaffolds, we employed common feature pharmacophore models using four known beta-diketo acid analogues including S-1360 (J. Med. Chem. 2005, 1, 111-120). The best-ranked pharmacophore model (Hypo1) contained a hydrophobic (HYA), an H-bond acceptor (HBA), and two H-bond donor (HBD) features. A search of a 3D database containing approximately 150,000 small molecules using Hypo1 found 1700 compounds that satisfied all the features of the pharmacophore query. Of the 1700 compounds, 110 were selected for in vitro screening studies on the basis of their docking scores, predicted binding location inside the active site of IN, and their druglike properties. Forty-eight compounds inhibited IN catalytic activities with an IC50 value less than 100 microM. Twenty-seven structurally diverse inhibitors are reported here. Out of the 27 compounds, 13 compounds inhibited strand transfer activity of IN with an IC50 value less than 30 microM. These compounds are novel, druglike, and readily amenable for synthetic optimization.
A dielectric elastomer actuator thin membrane rotary motor (2009)

We describe a low profile and lightweight membrane rotary motor based on the dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). In this motor phased actuation of electroded sectors of the motor membrane imparts orbital motion to a central gear that meshes with the rotor. Two motors were fabricated: a three phase and four phase with three electroded sectors (120°/sector) and four sectors (90°/sector) respectively. Square segments of 3M VHB4905 tape were stretched equibiaxially to 16 times their original area and each was attached to a rigid circular frame. Electroded sectors were actuated with square wave voltages up to 2.5kV. Torque/power characteristics were measured. Contactless orbiter displacements, measured with the rotor removed, were compared with simulation data calculated using a finite element model. A measured specific power of approximately 8mW/g (based on the DEA membrane weight), on one motor compares well with another motor technology. When the mass of the frame was included a peak specific power of 0.022mW/g was calculated. We expect that motor performance can be substantially improved by using a multilayer DEA configuration, enabling the delivery of direct drive high torques at low speeds for a range of applications. The motor is inherently scalable, flexible, flat, silent in operation, amenable to deposition-based manufacturing approaches, and uses relatively inexpensive materials.
Control of volunteer soybean plants in sunflower crop1 (2015)

ABSTRACTSunflower (Helianthus annuus) sown offseason, after soybean crop (Glycine max), is affected by the competition imposed by volunteer plants. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the control of volunteer soybean plants in sunflower crops. The sulfentrazone herbicide (75 g ha-1, 100 g ha-1 and 250 g ha-1) causes phytotoxicity to sunflower immediately after application, however, plants recover, with no yield losses. These doses do not cause the total death of volunteer soybean plants, but temporarily paralyzes their growth, avoiding the competition with the sunflower crop. The glufosinate ammonium and ametryn herbicides are effective in controlling volunteer soybean plants, however, symptoms of phytotoxicity in the sunflower crop are high, reflecting in losses of dry weight biomass and crop yield. The other treatments do not provide satisfactory control of volunteer soybean plants and even reduce the sunflower dry weight biomass and yield.
Co-registered Topographical, Band Excitation Nanomechanical, and Mass Spectral Imaging Using a Combined Atomic Force Microscopy/Mass Spectrometry Platform (2015)

The advancement of a hybrid atomic force microscopy/mass spectrometry imaging platform demonstrating the co-registered topographical, band excitation nanomechanical, and mass spectral imaging of a surface using a single instrument is reported. The mass spectrometry-based chemical imaging component of the system utilized nanothermal analysis probes for pyrolytic surface sampling followed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of the gas-phase species produced with subsequent mass analysis. The basic instrumental setup and operation are discussed, and the multimodal imaging capability and utility are demonstrated using a phase-separated polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) polymer blend thin film. The topography and band excitation images showed that the valley and plateau regions of the thin film surface were comprised primarily of one of the two polymers in the blend with the mass spectral chemical image used to definitively identify the polymers at the different locations. Data point pixel size for the topography (390 nm × 390 nm), band excitation (781 nm × 781 nm), and mass spectrometry (690 nm × 500 nm) images was comparable and submicrometer in all three cases, but the data voxel size for each of the three images was dramatically different. The topography image was uniquely a surface measurement, whereas the band excitation image included information from an estimated 20 nm deep into the sample and the mass spectral image from 110 to 140 nm in depth. Because of this dramatic sampling depth variance, some differences in the band excitation and mass spectrometry chemical images were observed and were interpreted to indicate the presence of a buried interface in the sample. The spatial resolution of the chemical image was estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.6 μm, based on the ability to distinguish surface features in that image that were also observed in the other images.
Arresting tissue invasion of a parasite by protease inhibitors chosen with the aid of computer modeling (1991)

Computer modeling of the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme, based upon its primary sequence alone, is a potentially powerful tool to elucidate the function of enzymes as well as design specific inhibitors. The cercarial (larval) protease from the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is a serine protease hypothesized to assist the schistosome parasite in invading the human circulatory system via the skin. A three-dimensional model of the protease was built, taking advantage of the similarity of the sequence of the cercarial enzyme to the trypsin-like class of serine proteases. A large hydrophobic S-1 binding pocket, suspected from previous kinetic studies, was located in the model and confirmed by new kinetic studies with both synthetic peptide substrates and inhibitors. Unexpected structural characteristics of the enzyme were also predicted by the model, including a large S-4 binding pocket, again confirmed by assays with synthetic peptides. The model was then used to design a peptide inhibitor with 4-fold increased solubility, and a series of synthetic inhibitors were tested against live cercariae invading human skin to confirm that predictions of the model were also applicable in a biologic assay.
Synthesis and Single-Molecule Studies of a Well-Defined Biomimetic Modular Multidomain Polymer Using a Peptidomimetic β-Sheet Module (2004)

In the pursuit of advanced biomaterials with combined strength, toughness, and elasticity, a new class of well-defined modular polymers has been synthesized, and their nanomechanical properties have been studied using atomic force microscopy. These polymers are based on a peptidomimetic beta-sheet-based double-closed loop (DCL) module, which was designed to overcome the limitation of the modular polymers we reported previously (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2059). Single-molecule force-extension experiments revealed the sequential unfolding of these modules as the polymer is stretched, resulting in more regular sawtooth-patterned curves similar to those seen in titin and other biopolymers. The single-molecule data agreed well with computer modeling, which suggested that hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking are both involved in the formation of small DCL clusters along the polymer chain.