gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-dimensional prefix matching using line search (2002)

With the increasing popularity of firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs) and quality of service (QoS) routing, packet classification becomes increasingly important in the Internet. The high-performance solutions known so far strongly rely on certain properties of the filter database to match against, such as a small number of distinct prefixes or the absence of conflicts. We present line search as a two-dimensional generalization of the one-dimensional binary search on prefix lengths exploiting the advantage given by the different approach therein. This algorithm also works best on the filter databases that are expected to occur most often, but degrades gracefully when these assumptions no longer hold. We also show how to efficiently extend the algorithm to a complete five-dimensional Internet protocol (IP) and transport header match.
A full factorial analysis of nine factors influencing in vitro antagonistic screens for potential biocontrol agents (1995)

The effect of nine factors on the outcome of classic in vitro screens testing the antagonistic action of endophytic bacterial isolates from grape vines against virulent Agrobacterium vitis has been examined. These factors were (i) the strain of A. vitis, (ii) the strain of endophyte, (iii) the growth medium of the pathogen, (iv) the growth medium of the endophyte, (v) the temperature of growth of the pathogen, (vi) the temperature of growth of the endophyte, (vii) the pH of growth of the pathogen, (viii) the pH of growth of the endophyte, and (ix) the medium of the assay plate. Analyses of variance of the full factorial design incorporating main effects and two- and three-way interactions accounted for 66% of the variance. All nine factors had a significant effect on the diameter of inhibition zones (p < 0.001). An examination of the three-way interactions revealed that generalizations were difficult to draw; each target agrobacterium had a specific response to a given antagonistic isolate. It was possible to determine that the growth history of bacterial strains, before they were administered to an assay plate to test for antagonism (especially the composition of the growth medium and the temperature of growth), had a profound effect on the outcome of the test. Generally the more chemically defined media produced less inhibition whereas the lower growth temperature of 15 degrees C produced more inhibition. These findings could be relevant to in situ inhibitory activity. The method used to conduct the inhibitory screen (order of strain application and the medium of the assay plate) had a profound influence on the results. These influences add to the caution necessary in the use of in vitro antagonistic screens for finding successful biocontrol agents.
Photorefractive Properties Of KTa 1-x Nb x O 3 In The Paraelectric Phase (1990)

We report the growth of doped Potassium Tantalate Niobate (KTN) crystals, and the characterization of their photorefractive properties L. the paraelectric region. First the Top Seeded Solution Growth Method is reviewed and the growth process of a KTN:Cu,V crystal is described. Results of diffraction efficiency measurements of photorefractive gratings in these crystals at the paraelectric phase, are then presented. These experiments show high diffractio- efficiencies, and indicate the possibility of amplitude modulation of the gratings by an external field. Results showing fixation of the gratings when the sample is close to the phase transition temperature are also described.
Volume dependence of airway and tissue impedances in mice (2003)

We measured respiratory input impedance (1-25 Hz) in mice and obtained parameters for airway and tissue mechanics by model fitting. Lung volume was varied by inflating to airway opening pressure (Pao) between 0 and 20 cm H2O. The expected pattern of changes in respiratory mechanics with increasing lung volume was seen: a progressive fall in airway resistance and increases in the coefficients of tissue damping and elastance. A surprising pattern was seen in hysteresivity (eta), with a plateau at low lung volumes (Pao < 10 cm H2O), a sharp fall occurring between 10 and 15 cm H2O, and eta approaching a second (lower) plateau at higher lung volumes. Studies designed to elucidate the mechanism(s) behind this behavior revealed that this was not due to chest wall properties, differences in volume history at low lung volume, time dependence of volume recruitment, or surface-acting forces. Our data are consistent with the notion that at low lung volumes the mechanics of the tissue matrix determine eta, whereas at high lung volumes the properties of individual fibers (collagen) become more important.
Ostwald Ripening and Related Phenomena (2001)

Ostwald ripening in multicomponent systems is discussed in terms of thermodynamic stability and metastability. While the insoluble species trapped in the bulk of the drops can provide thermodynamic stability, only metastability is possible when the species is trapped at the interface between the phases. Similarly, a Helfrich-type dependence of the surface tension on curvature can produce metastability, but not thermodynamic stability. When the drops are encapsulated with a cross-linked permeable membrane, or with an insoluble surfactant monolayer, the membrane must be able to withstand the stress of the Laplace pressure and not collapse; this condition is in general hard to implement unless the emulsion drops are small, ∼10–100 nm. The effect of micelles on various mass transfer processes in surfactant systems, such as Ostwald ripening, composition ripening, adsorption from micellar solutions, and solubilization kinetics are discussed. Two mechanisms are possible: In the first, micelles fuse directly with the macroscopic interfaces; in the second, the fusion-fission is prohibited and micelles affect the mass transfer only by participating in the dynamic equilibrium between the micelles and monomers. It is argued that whether or not the direct fusion of the micelles with the interface is allowed, is controlled by the free energy of the transition state (e.g., for ripening, the energy of the neck joining a micelle and a drop). Because of this, direct adsorption of micelles at the air-water interface is strongly unfavorable. However, it is possible at the oil-water interface, if the system is close enough to the balanced point. This means that Ostwald ripening and composition ripening can be strongly affected by micelles only if the system is in the narrow range of spontaneous curvatures in the vicinity of the balanced point, where the fusion of micelles with the interface is significant, but the rate of coalescence remains small. The experimental data supporting and contradicting this point of view are discussed.
Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Fatigue and Exercise Performance in Mice (2011)

During high-intensity exercise, the concentration of ammonia is augmented in skeletal muscle. Ammonia activates phosphofructokinase and prevents oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, thus leading to exhaustion. Citrulline is an amino acid component of the urea cycle in the liver, along with ornithine and arginine. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and performance during high-intensity exercise. We constructed a swimming exercise protocol, in which mice were subjected to exhaustive swimming with a load of 5% body weight, and measured the time until exhaustion, the blood levels of lactate and ammonia, and the glycogen content of the gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles. Citrulline supplementation significantly increased the swimming time until exhaustion. Exercise-induced blood ammonia elevation was repressed by citrulline supplementation, and exercise-induced blood lactate increment in the citrulline-supplemented group was significantly lower than that in the non-supplemented group. Citrulline supplementation may facilitate the detoxification of ammonia via the urea cycle and inhibit additional glycolysis. Our findings suggest that citrulline supplementation may be useful for improving the exercise performance of athletes.
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for HVAC Control in Commercial Buildings (2020)

In commercial buildings, about 40%-50% of the total electricity consumption is attributed to Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, which places an economic burden on building operators. In this paper, we intend to minimize the energy cost of an HVAC system in a multi-zone commercial building with the consideration of random zone occupancy, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality comfort. Due to the existence of unknown thermal dynamics models, parameter uncertainties (e.g., outdoor temperature, electricity price, and number of occupants), spatially and temporally coupled constraints associated with indoor temperature and CO2 concentration, a large discrete solution space, and a non-convex and non-separable objective function, it is very challenging to achieve the above aim. To this end, the above energy cost minimization problem is reformulated as a Markov game. Then, an HVAC control algorithm is proposed to solve the Markov game based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning with attention mechanism. The proposed algorithm does not require any prior knowledge of uncertain parameters and can operate without knowing building thermal dynamics models. Simulation results based on real-world traces show the effectiveness, robustness and scalability of the proposed algorithm.
Einleitende Bemerkungen (2001)

Die wirklichen Fragmente der vorsokratischen Denker sind erhalten als Zitate bei nachfolgenden antiken Autoren, angefangen von Platon im 4. Jahrhundert v.Chr. bis hin zu Simplikios im 6. Jahrhundert n.Chr. und in seltenen Fällen sogar bis zu späten byzantinischen Schriftstellern wie Johannes Tzetzes. Der Zeitpunkt der Quelle, in der ein Zitat begegnet, ist selbstverständlich kein zuverlässiger Indikator für ihre Verläßlichkeit. So ist Platon, wo er beliebige andere Quellen zitiert, notorisch lax; er vermischt oft Zitate mit Paraphrasen, und seine Einstellung zu seinen Vorgängern ist häufig nicht objektiv, sondern humorig oder ironisch. Der Neuplatoniker Simplikios andererseits, der ein ganzes Jahrtausend später als die Vorsokratiker lebte, fertigte lange und offensichtlich genaue Zitate an, insbesondere von Parmenides, Empedokles, Anaxagoras und Diogenes von Apollonia; er tat dies nicht zum Zweck literarischer Ausschmückung, sondern weil er es in seinen Kommentaren zur Physik und zu de caelo für notwendig hielt, Aristoteles’ Sicht auf seine Vorgänger zu erläutern, indem er deren wirkliche Worte niederschrieb. Gelegentlich tat Simplikios das in größerer Ausführlichkeit, als es nötig gewesen wäre, weil, wie er uns wissen läßt, ein bestimmtes altes Werk so selten geworden war.
Defending Against Adversarial Examples via Soft Decision Trees Embedding (2019)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown vulnerable to adversarial examples which contain imperceptible perturbations. In this paper, we propose an approach to defend against adversarial examples with soft decision trees embedding. Firstly, we extract the semantic features of adversarial examples with a feature extraction network. Then, a specific soft decision tree is trained and embedded to select the key semantic features for each feature map from convolutional layers and the selected features are fed to a light-weight classification network. To this end, we use the probability distributions of each tree node to quantify the semantic features. In this way, some small perturbations can be effectively removed and the selected features are more discriminative in identifying adversarial examples. Moreover, the influence of adversarial perturbations on classification can be reduced by migrating the interpretability of soft decision trees into the black-box neural networks. We conduct experiments to defend the state-of-the-art adversarial attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can effectively defend against these attacks and improve the robustness of deep neural networks.
The War on Drugs is a War on Migrants: Central Americans Navigate the Perilous Journey North (2015)

Propelled by deep structural violence and the highest homicide rates in the world, each year hundreds of thousands of people from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala make their way across Mexico in search of a better and more secure future. As state and transnational security regimes tighten, migrants are funneled into more dangerous routes where they risk abuse, extortion, kidnapping, rape, dismemberment and death. Based on intensive ethnographic fieldwork working in migrant shelters and transit points, this photo essay examines how present-day violence against migrants cannot be separated from longer trajectories of political, criminal and structural violence including war, neoliberal restructuring and the hemispheric war on drugs. I pay particular attention to the ways state and transnational immigration and security policies impact the everyday vulnerabilities experienced by migrants in transit. Along their journeys, migrants are caught within a clandestine cycle of violence with little recourse to law or human rights protection. Immigration discourses and policies that are governed through a paradigm of national security come into conflict with the on the ground realities of human security and safety. This raises crucial questions on the role of the state and international bodies in moving forward to secure human rights for unauthorized migrants in active transit. The photographs included in this essay document the everyday landscapes of the migrant journey across Mexico. While the focus is on the intersections between policy and violence, I also reflect on the growing migrant rights movement in Mexico and new openings for political change. While the migrant journey has become more dangerous, it has also become a crucial space for collective struggle and solidarity.
Viral-mediated RdCVF and RdCVFL expression protects cone and rod photoreceptors in retinal degeneration (2014)

Alternative splicing of nucleoredoxin-like 1 (Nxnl1) results in 2 isoforms of the rod-derived cone viability factor. The truncated form (RdCVF) is a thioredoxin-like protein secreted by rods that promotes cone survival, while the full-length isoform (RdCVFL), which contains a thioredoxin fold, is involved in oxidative signaling and protection against hyperoxia. Here, we evaluated the effects of these different isoforms in 2 murine models of rod-cone dystrophy. We used adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express these isoforms in mice and found that both systemic and intravitreal injection of engineered AAV vectors resulted in RdCVF and RdCVFL expression in the eye. Systemic delivery of AAV92YF vectors in neonates resulted in earlier onset of RdCVF and RdCVFL expression compared with that observed with intraocular injection using the same vectors at P14. We also evaluated the efficacy of intravitreal injection using a recently developed photoreceptor-transducing AAV variant (7m8) at P14. Systemic administration of AAV92YF-RdCVF improved cone function and delayed cone loss, while AAV92YF-RdCVFL increased rhodopsin mRNA and reduced oxidative stress by-products. Intravitreal 7m8-RdCVF slowed the rate of cone cell death and increased the amplitude of the photopic electroretinogram. Together, these results indicate different functions for Nxnl1 isoforms in the retina and suggest that RdCVF gene therapy has potential for treating retinal degenerative disease.
Disk performance enhancement through Markov-based cylinder remapping (1992)

A scheme for disk subsystem performance enhancement that is based on (virtual) cylinder remapping is proposed. A natural workload on a real system is measured, and statistical tests are used to determine that disk accesses are appropriately modeled by a first order Markov chain. Maximum likelihood estimators of the Markov model parameters are used in a simulated annealing algorithm to find a permutation of the (virtual) cylinders that substantially reduces expected seek distance. This permutation is then installed in a real system and tested under a workload that is stochastically generated from the Markov model. The proposed scheme is seen to offer a 25.6% reduction in mean service time when compared to the original (unmapped) cylinder arrangement.
Characterization of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide by Imaging Ellipsometry (2008)

The dispersion functions for the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of single- and multiple-layer graphene oxide samples were measured by imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry in the wavelength range of 350−1000 nm and were compared to previously reported results measured by confocal microscopy. The dispersion functions for thin platelets were also compared to those obtained by standard spectroscopic ellipsometry on a deposit consisting of many overlapping graphene oxide layers. Changes were observed in both the thickness of the deposits and the values of the dispersion parameters following heating. A model is proposed to explain these observations, based on the removal of water between the graphene-oxide layers upon thermal treatment.
Microring resonators on a suspended membrane circuit for atom-light interactions (2021)

The integration of cold neutral atoms with nanophotonic circuits offers significant potential as a light–mater interface for a wide range of applications ranging from studies of fundamental physics and quantum many– body physics to quantum networks. Here, we describe the design and realization of a novel platform where an efficiently–coupled microring photonic circuit on a chip is integrated with a cold atom system. This platform is fully compatible with laser cooling and trapping atoms, which allows for direct loading of cold atoms into an optical tweezer lattice formed on the microring circuit. Realizing strong atom–light interaction requires localizing atoms within the near field region of a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator. To this end, we estimate the positions of trapped atoms and consider a scheme to transport them to the closest site from the surface. This scheme can also be used for preparing for an array of individually trapped atoms. Such a platform holds promises for realizing a robust and scalable light–mater interface operating at individual quanta.
Immunity to the Vacuolar ATPase Complex Accessory Unit ATP6S1 in Patients with Malignant Melanoma (2014)

The augmentation of high-titer antibodies to ATP6S1 is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients who received vaccination with autologous, irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Cellular immune responses to ATP6S1 are unknown. To define its role as an immune target, examination of cellular responses to ATP6S1 and immunity related to current therapies such as checkpoint blockade is needed. We used an overlapping peptide library representing the full-length ATP6S1 protein to screen for cellular responses from the peripheral blood of patients with stage III and IV melanoma. Reactive peptide pools were used to determine the individual peptide activity and epitopes. Recombinant ATP6S1 protein was used in an ELISA to assess potential correlation with humoral immune responses and changes in immunity related to CTLA-4 blockade with ipilimumab in these patients. We observed a broad array of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cellular responses against ATP6S1, including the identification of several MHC class I and II ATP6S1 epitopes. The generation of specific CD4(+) and cytotoxic T cells revealed potent functional capability elicited by ipilimumab treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma, which revealed potent functional capability, including cytokine production, proliferation responsiveness to melanoma cell lines, and tumor-cell killing. Furthermore, the augmented humoral immune responses to ATP6S1 as a function of ipilimumab treatment were associated with beneficial clinical outcomes. These results support the continued development of ATP6S1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Dealing with Privacy Obligations in Enterprises (2004)

This paper focuses on the problem of dealing with privacy obligations in enterprises. Privacy obligations dictate expected behaviours, tasks and constraints that must be satisfied when handling personal and confidential data. This includes being compliant with data retention policies and satisfying constraints dictated by customers’ opt-in and opt-out choices. It is important for enterprises to address this problem to preserve their reputation and brand and be compliant with legislation and customers’ requirements. This paper describes important related issues and requirements to be kept into account, including dealing with transactional, ongoing and long-term obligations. Technical work has already been done for the management of obligations subordinated to authorization aspects and simple obligations for data retention: however, dealing with ongoing and long-term aspects of obligations is still a green field and open to research. We introduce and describe a trusted system, currently under research and development at HP Labs, dealing with the monitoring, enforcement and tracking of privacy obligations: this system will support the strong association of privacy obligations to data, accountability management and users’ involvement.
A Prism-Mask System for Multispectral Video Acquisition (2011)

This paper presents a prism-mask system for capturing multispectral videos. The system is composed of a triangular prism, a monochrome camera, and an occlusion mask. Incoming light beams from the scene are sampled by the occlusion mask, dispersed into their constituent spectra by the triangular prism, and then captured by the monochrome camera. Our system is capable of capturing frames with high spectral resolution at video rates. It also allows for different trade-offs between spectral and spatial resolution by adjusting the focal length of the camera. We demonstrate multispectral video acquisition with various spectral resolutions and spatial resolutions, as well as different frame rates. The effectiveness of our system is further evaluated with several applications, including human skin detection, physical material recognition, video segmentation, RGB video generation, and illumination identification.