gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connect API with Blockchain: A Survey on Blockchain Oracle Implementation (2022)

A blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology where transactions as data state changes are permanently recorded securely and transparently without the need for third parties. Besides, introducing smart contracts to the blockchain has added programmability, revolutionizing the software ecosystem toward decentralized applications. Although promising, the usability of smart contracts is primarily limited to on-chain data without access to the external systems (i.e., off-chain) where real-world data and events reside. This connectability to off-chain data for smart contracts and blockchain is an open practical problem referred to as the “oracle problem” and is defined as how real-world data can be transferred into/from the blockchain. Hence, Blockchain oracles are introduced and implemented in the form of application programming interfaces connecting the real world to the blockchain for mitigating such a limitation. This article studies and analyzes how blockchain oracles provide final feedback (i.e., outcome) to smart contracts and survey blockchain oracle technologies and mechanisms regarding data integrity and correctness. Since the existing solutions are extensive in terms of characteristics and usage, we investigate their structure and principles by classifying the blockchain oracle implementation techniques into two major groups voting-based strategies and reputation-based ones. The former mainly relies on participants’ stakes for outcome finalization, while the latter considers reputation and performance metrics in conjunction with authenticity-proof mechanisms for data correctness and integrity. We present the result of this classification with a thorough discussion of the state of the art and provide the remaining challenges and future research directions in the end.
Caveolin-1 levels are down-regulated in human colon tumors, and ectopic expression of caveolin-1 in colon carcinoma cell lines reduces cell tumorigenicity. (2000)

Caveolin-1 expression and function were investigated in human colon cancer. Low levels of caveolin-1 mRNA and protein were detected in several colon carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, caveolin-1 protein levels were significantly reduced in human tumor epithelial mucosa (3.6 +/- 1.4-fold) when compared with normal colon mucosa for a majority (10 of 15) of the patients characterized. To directly assess the role of caveolin-1 in tumor development, caveolin-1 was reexpressed in the HT29 and DLD1 colon carcinoma cells, and the resulting HT29-cav-1 or DLD1-cav-1 cells were tested for tumorigenicity in nude mice. In most experiments, tumor formation was either blocked or retarded for HT29-cav-1 cells (10 of 13 mice) and DLD1-cav-1 cells (5 of 7 mice), as compared with both mock-transfected and parental HT29 or DLD1 cells. Interestingly, basal caveolin-1 levels were significantly reduced in HT29-cav-1 and DLD1-cav-1 cells isolated from tumors. Likewise, endogenous caveolin-1 mRNA and protein levels were found to be reduced in NIH-3T3 cells recovered from tumors after injection into nude mice. Thus, reexpression of caveolin-1 in colon carcinoma lines reduced the probability of tumor formation in vivo, and when tumors did develop from either HT29-cav-1, DLD1-cav-1, or NIH-3T3 cells, lower basal levels of caveolin-1 were detected. Finally, evidence was obtained indicating that initial caveolin-1 down-regulation in colon cancer cells need not be an entirely irreversible process because cell survival on selection for either drug resistance or increased metastatic potential correlated with increased caveolin-1 expression levels.
Intracerebroventricular passive immunization with anti‐oligoAβ antibody in TgCRND8 (2006)

Based on the central dogma of beta-amyloid (Abeta) as a key seeding event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), immunoneutralization strategies have been actively pursued both in AD and in models of AD as a potential means for treating AD. Both active and passive immunizations targeted at fibrillar Abeta successfully remove cerebral plaque load and attenuate Abeta-induced toxicity. Consistently with this, intracerebroventricular (ICV) passive immunization established in our laboratory using antibody against fibrillar Abeta (anti-fAbeta) reduced cerebral plaque load and reversed early synaptic deficits at pre/early plaque stage when there is an abundance of soluble dimeric/oligomeric Abeta but sparse fibrillar Abeta, indicating that anti-fAbeta-mediated partial neutralization of toxic oligomeric Abeta species might have reduced early synaptotoxicity. In the previous investigation, we found that immunoneutralization with anti-fAbeta transiently reduced cerebral Abeta and associated toxicity. The current investigation tested whether ICV im munization using antibody to conformationally changed oligomeric Abeta (anti-oligoAbeta) will overcome the transient restorative nature of anti-fAbeta and produce persistent, long-lasting preventive effects. Because oligomeric Abeta is strongly correlated with synaptotoxicity, we investigated whether immunoneutralization of oligomeric Abeta will reverse synaptic deficits by analyzing presynaptic molecular marker (SNAP-25) profile within hippocampal dendritic fields, where SNAP-25 is abundantly expressed. Results show that, in contrast to ICV anti-fAbeta antibody, ICV anti-oligoAbeta antibody significantly prevented cerebral Abeta build and almost completely restored SNAP-25 immunoreaction up to 8 weeks postinjection in TgCRND8 brain. Results show that ICV passive immunization with anti-oligoAbeta antibody might be an improved ICV immunization strategy for preventing permanent structural damage in AD.
Biodegradation of old town gas site wastes (1988)

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has been developing several techniques to improve biodegradation rates over and above what can be achieved by simply adding nutrients and water and adjusting soil pH: chemical and biological treatments to increase the bioavailability of PAH's to microorganisms for catabolism; the addition of growth substrates to promote cometabolism of multi-ring PAH's that cannot be degraded otherwise; and the addition of a specially developed, mixed bacterial culture to ensure the presence of required types and quantities of PAH-degrading microorganisms. Further work is needed, however, to optimize the soil treatment protocols and to determine the effects of other organic components and heavy metals present in the soil and environmental factors on the overall treatability of the contaminated soil. 6 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.
Edge-Guided Non-Local Fully Convolutional Network for Salient Object Detection (2020)

Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCN) has been widely applied to salient object detection recently by virtue of high-level semantic feature extraction, but existing FCN-based methods still suffer from continuous striding and pooling operations leading to loss of spatial structure and blurred edges. To maintain the clear edge structure of salient objects, we propose a novel Edge-guided Non-local FCN (ENFNet) to perform edge-guided feature learning for accurate salient object detection. In a specific, we extract hierarchical global and local information in FCN to incorporate non-local features for effective feature representations. To preserve good boundaries of salient objects, we propose a guidance block to embed edge prior knowledge into hierarchical feature maps. The guidance block not only performs feature-wise manipulation but also spatial-wise transformation for effective edge embeddings. Our model is trained on the MSRA-B dataset and tested on five popular benchmark datasets. Comparing with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method performance well on five datasets.
Quadratic electro-optic effect in silicon-organic hybrid slot-waveguides (2018)

This Letter reports on the quadratic electro-optic effect of polymers, observed in a silicon slot-waveguide at low voltages. We demonstrate that in narrow slots, the electro-optic response with respect to refractive index change is strong enough for on-chip wavelength tuning and intensity modulation using voltages as low as 1 V. A silicon slot-waveguide embedded by a nonlinear optical polymer, consisting of the dye Disperse Red 1 in poly(methyl methacrylate), serves as the phase shifter in a racetrack ring resonator. As deduced from the experimental data, the third-order susceptibility of the utilized electro-optic polymer is about 2·10<sup>-19</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/V<sup>2</sup>. The demonstrated low-voltage operation and inherently thermal stability show the potential for silicon-organic hybrid devices using the quadratic electro-optic effect.
Regulation of Protein Kinase C in Escherichia coli K1 Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2002)

Escherichia coli is one of the most important pathogens involved in the development of neonatal meningitis in many parts of the world. Traversal of E. coli across the blood-brain barrier is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis. Our previous studies have shown that outer membrane protein A (OmpA) expression is necessary in E. coli for a mechanism involving actin filaments in its passage through the endothelial cells. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) have also been activated in host cells during the process of invasion. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms leading to actin filament condensation, we have focused our attention on protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme central to many signaling events, including actin rearrangement. In the current study, specific PKC inhibitors, bisindolmaleimide and a PKC-inhibitory peptide, inhibited E. coli invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) by more than 75% in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a significant role played by this enzyme in the invasion process. Our results further showed that OmpA+ E. coli induces significant activation of PKC in HBMEC as measured by the PepTag nonradioactive assay. In addition, we identified that the PKC isoform activated in E. coli invasion is a member of the conventional family of PKC, PKC-alpha, which requires calcium for activation. Immunocytochemical studies have indicated that the activated PKC-alpha is associated with actin condensation beneath the bacterial entry site. Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of PKC-alpha in HBMEC abolished the E. coli invasion without significant changes in FAK phosphorylation or PI3K activity patterns. In contrast, in HBMEC overexpressing the mutant forms of either FAK or PI3K, E. coli-induced PKC activation was significantly blocked. Furthermore, our studies showed that activation of PKC-alpha induces the translocation of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate, an actin cross-linking protein and a substrate for PKC-alpha, from the membrane to cytosol. This is the first report of FAK- and PI3K-dependent PKC-alpha activation in bacterial invasion related to cytoskeletal reorganization.
Synthesis of Fe2O3 Using Emblica officinalis Extract and its Photocatalytic Efficiency (2018)

We identified a green method for the synthesis of Fe2O3 using the plant extract of the fruit E. officinalis. The fresh fruit extract reacted with a solution of ferric chloride at room temperature to form FeOOH initially. Homogeneous Fe2O3 crystallites were obtained after 24 h and were confirmed by the presence of prominent reflections in the PXRD pattern. The presence of various aliphatic amines, alkene and primary amines present in the E. officinalis extract is expected to be responsible for the precipitation of FeOOH and subsequent formation of Fe2O3. The FTIR spectra of Fe2O3 indicated the presence of the bands corresponding to different organic amine and alkene functional groups. The band gap energy of the resultant Fe2O3 investigated by the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy was found to be in the range of 1.97-2.05 eV. The photocatalytic efficiency of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) under visible light irradiation.
Integrating Camera Recognition and RFID System for Assets Tracking and Warehouse Management (2012)

This research project is focused on developing a solution for a warehouse management. The primary objective of the research project is to develop an assets tracking system deploying camera recognition and RFID technology.\n\nRFID systems have been long used in various fields and its usage is growing each and every day. Furthermore, camera vision system has also been used for a long time in an industry mainly for quality control purpose and to increase efficiency. However in this project, these two different systems are integrated to track an assets inside an industry and to maintain a real time inventory minimizing the processing cost.
Deuterium loading ratio and excess heat generation during electrolysis of heavy water by a palladium cathode in a closed cell using a partially immersed fuel cell anode (1993)

We have developed a novel electrolytic cell pressurized by D2 in which deuterium loading ratio in a palladium cathode can be determined in-situ during the calorimetric measurements of excess heat. A gas diffusion type fuel cell anode is partially immersed in the electrolyte solution to act as a counter electrode, at which electrochemical oxidation of deuterium gas molecules to deuterium ions takes place instead of electrolytic decomposition of water molecules to generate oxygen gas. Factors controlling the loading ratio such as electrolyte composition, hydrogen overvoltage at the palladium cathode, current density and isotope effect have been examined. Dependence of the excess heat generation at the palladium cathode on the loading ratio as well as on the current density shows that the critical loading ratio and the current density to generate excess heat are ca. 0.83 and 100mA/cm 2, respectively. The maximum D/Pd of 0.89 has been achieved in the present study, at which excess heat generation of ca. 35 % with respect to the input electrolytic power has been observed.
Closed kinetic chain tarsal mechanics of subtalar joint arthroereisis (1996)

The weightbearing biomechanics of the tarsus with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis was investigated in 11 fresh frozen cadaver specimens using a three-dimensional (3-D) radiowave tracking system. Specimens, consisting of the distal half of the tibia and fibula and the intact ankle and foot, were mounted on a nonmetallic loading frame test system that allowed positioning of the foot to simulate midstance position of gait. The tibia was axially loaded to 756 N (one bodyweight) with 15% of the total load diverted through the fibula. Receiving transducers were attached to the talus, navicular, calcaneus, and cuboid bones. Tarsal movements were monitored as the specimen was loaded with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis. Three-dimensional data sets of osseous positions and orientations were collected and analyzed. Significant rotational differences were detected with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis for all four tarsal bones (p < or = 0.05). Tarsal translational position changes were small and not statistically significant.
Solar‐generated construction material from sea water to mitigate global warming (1991)

The forced global greenhouse effect and consequently rising sea levels are discussed. A brief survey of biomineralization processes and laboratory/field work encompassing mineral accretion (MA) is given, which is performed by placing cathodic forms and anodes in sea water or other electrolytes. It is proposed to grow structures utilizing MA, autopias and substrates for the enhanced growth of coral reefs as an effective sink for carbon to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide and thus mitigate global warming. The need for further research is emphasized.
Civil political discourse in a democracy: The contribution of psychology. (2000)

The purposes of political discourse include (a) clarifying citizens' understanding of the issue, (b) helping citizens reach their best reasoned judgment as to which course of action will solve a problem, (c) increasing citizen participation in the political process, and (d) socializing the next generation into the procedures and attitudes they need to be active citizens. A responsibility of psychology within a democratic society is to provide the theory, research, and normative procedures needed to make political discourse constructive. Constructive controversy provides a theory, validated by research, that has been operationalized into a normative procedure. Constructive controversy exists when one person's ideas, information, conclusions, theories, and opinions are incompatible with those of another, and the 2 seek to reach an agreement. A political decision is reached through the following procedure. Citizens form advocacy groups and present the best case possible for the alternative course of action t...
Diagnostic software and hardware for critical real-time systems (1989)

The authors describe a diagnostic software library which contains algorithms to test read-only memory, read/write memory, address lines, the main processor instruction set, the numeric data processor instruction set, and mutual exclusion hardware. The software library also contains algorithms to respond to unexpected software interrupts. A dedicated subsystem diagnostics board called the Multibus Diagnostic Monitor (MDM) is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting Severity of Asian Soybean Rust Epidemics with Empirical Rainfall Models (2006)

ABSTRACT Although Asian soybean rust occurs in a broad range of environmental conditions, the most explosive and severe epidemics have been reported in seasons with warm temperature and abundant moisture. Associations between weather and epidemics have been reported previously, but attempts to identify the major factors and model these relationships with field data have been limited to specific locations. Using data from 2002-03 to 2004-05 from 34 field experiments at 21 locations in Brazil that represented all major soybean production areas, we attempted to identify weather variables using a 1-month time window following disease detection to develop simple models to predict final disease severity. Four linear models were identified, and these models explained 85 to 93% of variation in disease severity. Temperature variables had lower correlation with disease severity compared with rainfall, and had minimal predictive value for final disease severity. A curvilinear relationship was observed between 1 month of accumulated rainfall and final disease severity, and a quadratic response model using this variable had the lowest prediction error. Linear response models using only rainfall or number of rainy days in the 1-month period tended to overestimate disease for severity <30%. The study highlights the importance of rainfall in influencing soybean rust epidemics in Brazil, as well as its potential use to provide quantitative risk assessments and seasonal forecasts for soybean rust, especially for regions where temperature is not a limiting factor for disease development.
CVD Cu interconnections for ULSI (1992)

CVD Cu has been investigated as an interconnection material. The Cu films have excellent step coverage due to the very low sticking coefficient of 0.015 of the precursor, Cu/sup 1+/(tmvs) (hfac). High aspect ratio trenches and vias can be conformally filled without formation of keyholes. Using etchback processes, lines and plugs can be formed. At temperatures typically encountered in back-end processing, no significant diffusion of Cu through several commonly used inter-metal dielectrics and TiW is observed. CVD Cu interconnections have been incorporated into a CMOS process. No degradation in device characteristics due to Cu is detected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stochastic production scheduling to meet demand forecasts (2002)

Production scheduling, the problem of sequentially configuring a factory to meet forecasted demands, is a critical problem throughout the manufacturing industry. We describe a Markov decision process (MDP) formulation of production scheduling which captures stochasticity, while retaining the ability to construct a schedule to meet demand forecasts. The solution to this MDP is a value function, specific to the current demand forecasts, which can be used to generate optimal scheduling decisions online. We then describe an industrial application and a reinforcement learning method for generating an approximate value function in this domain. Our results demonstrate that in both deterministic and noisy scenarios, value function approximation is an effective technique.
Selective responsiveness to common gamma chain cytokines in peripheral blood‐derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by Melan‐A/MART‐1<sub>27–35</sub>targeted active specific immunotherapy (2005)

We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). Twenty-eight CTL clones were generated from CD8+ T cells obtained from 3 patients during the contraction phase of immune response following a successful vaccine mediated expansion of specific effectors. All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. While all clones expressed high amounts of receptor c gamma-c (CD132), lower, but detectable, expression of IL-7 receptor alpha chain was also observed. CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. Taken together these data suggest a selective responsiveness of TAA-specific CTL to different c gamma-c cytokines.
Biopsy Results in a Kindred With Lafora Disease (1993)

We studied biopsy results in a kindred with the Lafora form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Four members of a family with known consanguinity presented as teenagers with seizures, myoclonus, dementia, and ataxia. After the diagnosis was established by brain biopsy in the first patient, many efforts were made to obtain a tissue diagnosis in the three other patients. Lafora bodies were absent in most of the skin biopsy specimens in three patients and in liver biopsy specimens from two patients. In cases of Lafora disease, where a reasonably certain clinical diagnosis can be established, supported by biopsy proof in some family members, repeated biopsy specimens even at advanced stages of the disease may be negative. These findings suggest that negative skin or liver biopsy specimens in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy should not exclude the diagnosis of Lafora disease.