gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A verifiable secret shuffle and its application to e-voting (2001)

We present a mathematical construct which provides a cryptographic protocol to verifiably shuffle a sequence of k modular integers, and discuss its application to secure, universally verifiable, multi-authority election schemes. The output of the shuffle operation is another sequence of k modular integers, each of which is the same secret power of a corresponding input element, but the order of elements in the output is kept secret. Though it is a trivial matter for the "shuffler" (who chooses the permutation of the elements to be applied) to compute the output from the input, the construction is important because it provides a linear size proof of correctness for the output sequence (i.e. a proof that it is of the form claimed) that can be checked by an arbitrary verifiers. The complexity of the protocol improves on that of Furukawa-Sako[16] both measured by number of exponentiations and by overall size.The protocol is shown to be honest-verifier zeroknowledge in a special case, and is computational zeroknowledge in general. On the way to the final result, we also construct a generalization of the well known Chaum-Pedersen protocol for knowledge of discrete logarithm equality [10], [7]. In fact, the generalization specializes exactly to the Chaum-Pedersen protocol in the case k = 2. This result may be of interest on its own.An application to electronic voting is given that matches the features of the best current protocols with significant efficiency improvements. An alternative application to electronic voting is also given that introduces an entirely new paradigm for achieving Universally Verifiable elections.
Reusing invariants (1998)

Correlated queries are very common and important in decision support systems. Traditional nested iteration evaluation methods for such queries can be very time consuming. When they apply, query rewriting techniques have been shown to be much more efficient. But query rewriting is not always possible. When query rewriting does not apply, can we do something better than the traditional nested iteration methods? In this paper, we propose a new invariant technique to evaluate correlated queries efficiently. The basic idea is to recognize the part of the subquery that is not related to the outer references and cache the result of that part after its first execution. Later, we can reuse the result and combine it with the result of the rest of the subquery that is changing for each iteration. Our technique applies to arbitrary correlated subqueries.This paper introduces algorithms to recognize the invariant part of a data flow tree, and to restructure the evaluation plan to reuse the stored intermediate result. We also propose an efficient method to teach an existing join optimizer to understand the invariant feature and thus allow it to be able to generate better join plans in the new context. Some other related optimization techniques are also discussed. The proposed techniques were implemented within three months on an existing real commercial database system.We also experimentally evaluate our proposed technique. Our evaluation indicates that, when query rewriting is not possible, the invariant technique is significantly better than the traditional nested iteration method. Even when query rewriting applies, the invariant technique is sometimes better than the query rewriting technique. Our conclusion is that the invariant technique should be considered as one of the alternatives in evaluating correlated queries since it fills the gap left by rewriting techniques.
Miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate with dodecyl mercaptan as cosurfactant (1996)

Miniemulsions of methyl methacrylate with sodium lauryl sulfate as the surfactant and dodecyl mercaptan (DDM) as the cosurfactant (or hydrophobe) were prepared and polymerized. The emulsions were of a droplet size range common to miniemulsions and exhibited long-term stability (greater than 3 months). Results indicate that DDM retards Ostwald ripening and allows the production of stable miniemulsions. When these emulsions were initiated, particle formation occurred predominantly by monomer droplet nucleation. The effects of the concentration of surfactant, cosurfactant and initiator were determined. Rates of polymerization, monomer droplet sizes, polymer particle sizes, molecular weights of the polymer, and the effect of initiator concentration on the number of particles vary systematically in ways that indicate predominant droplet nucleation in these systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reflective element for EUV lithography device (2010)

A reflective optical; element exhibits an increase in the maximum reflectivity at operating wavelengths in the extreme ultraviolet or soft x-ray wavelength range. A first additional intermediate layer (23a, 23b) and a second additional intermediate layer (24a, 24b) are provided between the absorber layer (22) and the spacer layer (21), wherein the first additional intermediate layer increases the reflectivity and the second additional intermediate layer (24a,b,) prevents chemical interaction between the first additional intermediate layer (23 a,b) and the adjoining spacer layer (21) and/or the absorber layer.
Full-Circle Resolver-to-Linear-Analog Converter (2005)

A circuit generates sinusoidal excitation signals for a shaft-angle resolver and, like the arctangent circuit described in the preceding article, generates an analog voltage proportional to the shaft angle. The disadvantages of the circuit described in the preceding article arise from the fact that it must be made from precise analog subcircuits, including a functional block capable of implementing some trigonometric identities; this circuitry tends to be expensive, sensitive to noise, and susceptible to errors caused by temperature-induced drifts and imprecise matching of gains and phases. These disadvantages are overcome by the design of the present circuit. The present circuit (see figure) includes an excitation circuit, which generates signals Ksin(Omega(t)) and Kcos(Omega(t)) [where K is an amplitude, Omega denotes 2(pi)x a carrier frequency (the design value of which is 10 kHz), and t denotes time]. These signals are applied to the excitation terminals of a shaft-angle resolver, causing the resolver to put out signals C sin(Omega(t)-Theta) and C cos(Omega(t)-Theta). The cosine excitation signal and the cosine resolver output signal are processed through inverting comparator circuits, which are configured to function as inverting squarers, to obtain logic-level or square-wave signals .-LL[cos(Omega(t)] and -LL[cos(Omega(t)-Theta)], respectively. These signals are fed as inputs to a block containing digital logic circuits that effectively measure the phase difference (which equals Theta between the two logic-level signals). The output of this block is a pulse-width-modulated signal, PWM(Theta), the time-averaged value of which ranges from 0 to 5 VDC as Theta ranges from .180 to +180deg. PWM(Theta) is fed to a block of amplifying and level-shifting circuitry, which converts the input PWM waveform to an output waveform that switches between precise reference voltage levels of +10 and -10 V. This waveform is processed by a two-pole, low-pass filter, which removes the carrier-frequency component. The final output signal is a DC potential, proportional to Theta that ranges continuously from -10 V at Theta = -180deg to +10 V at Theta = +180deg..
Design and experimental study of high-speed low-flow-rate centrifugal compressors. Technical paper (1995)

This paper describes a design and experimental effort to develop small centrifugal compressors for aircraft air cycle cooling systems and small vapor compression refrigeration systems (20--100 tons). Efficiency improvements at 25% are desired over current designs. Although centrifugal compressors possess excellent performance at high flow rates, low-flow-rate compressors do not have acceptable performance when designed using current approaches. The new compressors must be designed to operate at a high rotating speed to retain efficiency. The emergence of the magnetic bearing provides the possibility of developing such compressors that run at speeds several times higher than current dominating speeds.
Colloidal superparticles from nanoparticle assembly (2012)

Colloidal superparticles are size- and shape-controlled nanoparticle assemblies in the form of colloidal particles. Because these superparticles can exhibit physical and chemical properties different from both individual nanoparticles and their bulk assemblies, the development of superparticle synthesis has attracted significant research attention and is emerging as a new frontier in the field of nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss theoretical considerations on the nucleation and growth of colloidal superparticles. We then present recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of monodispersed colloidal superparticles, which are important for applications such as biomedical diagnosis, biological separation, and light emitting devices.
Filamentous Fungi with High Cytosolic Phospholipid Transfer Activity in the Presence of Exogenous Phospholipid (1994)

The phospholipid transfer activity of cell extracts from 15 filamentous fungus strains grown on a medium containing phospholipids as the carbon source was measured by a fluorescence assay. This assay was based on the transfer of pyrene-labeled phosphatidylcholines forming the donor vesicles to acceptor vesicles composed of egg phosphatidylcholines. The highest phosphatidylcholine transfer activity was obtained with cell extracts from Aspergillus oryzae. The presence of exogenous phospholipids in the culture medium of A. oryzae was shown to increase markedly the activity of phospholipid transfer as well as the pool of exocellular proteins during the primary phase of growth. Modifications in the biochemical marker activities of cellular organelles were observed: succinate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial marker; inosine diphosphatase, a Golgi system marker; and cytochrome c oxidoreductase, an endoplasmic reticulum marker, were increased 7.3-, 2-, and 22-fold, respectively, when A. oryzae was grown in the presence of phospholipids.
Bulged Eardrum Detection From 3D Data (2018)

Bulging is a medical characteristic of the eardrum that is crucial for the diagnosis of acute otitis media. This work proposes a novel classification method for distinguishing bulged eardrums from non-bulged ones. The method uses novel key features extracted from 3D data of the tympanic membrane, captured using a new type of otoscope, the light-field otoscope, capable of non-invasive 3D imaging of the middle ear. We first introduce a variety of geometrical and statistical descriptors (based on isocontours), and then select the most discriminative ones. Results on clinical data show that, when using the proposed feature descriptors, eardrum bulging can be automatically detected with an average accuracy of approximately 82%.
Selective Extraction of Free Astaxanthin from Haematococcus Culture Using a Tandem Organic Solvent System (2007)

A novel tandem solvent process of dodecane and methanol was developed for the selective extraction of free astaxanthin from red encysted Haematococcus culture. The process consists of dodecane extraction for astaxanthin mixture from the culture (stage 1) and methanol extraction for free astaxanthin from the dodecane extract (stage 2). In the first stage, astaxanthin mixture was directly extracted to dodecane from the culture broth without cell harvest process, followed by a rapid separation of the dodecane extract and the culture medium containing cell debris by simple settling. In the second stage, free astaxanthin was selectively collected to methanol from the dodecane extract, accompanied with saponification of astaxanthin-esters by the addition of NaOH to methanol. During saponification, use of the optimum NaOH concentration (0.02 M) and low temperature (4 degrees C) reaction minimized the degradation of free astaxanthin, resulting in a total recovery yield of free astaxanthin of over 85%. The free-astaxanthin-containing methanol extract was also simply separated from dodecane by gravity settling, after which the astaxanthin-free dodecane was effectively recycled to the first stage, yielding a stable extractability of astaxanthin mixture during repeated extraction. Our results indicate the potential of the proposed tandem solvent process as an alternative extraction technology for the high-value antioxidant Haematococcus astaxanthin.
Targeted Vaccination against Human α-Lactalbumin for Immunotherapy and Primary Immunoprevention of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2016)

We have proposed that safe and effective protection against the development of adult onset cancers may be achieved by vaccination against tissue-specific self-proteins that are "retired" from expression at immunogenic levels in normal tissues as we age, but are overexpressed in emerging tumors. α-Lactalbumin is an example of a "retired" self-protein because its expression in normal tissues is confined exclusively to the breast during late pregnancy and lactation, but is also expressed in the vast majority of human triple negative breast cancers (TNBC)-the most aggressive and lethal form of breast cancer and the predominant form that occurs in women at high genetic risk including those with mutated BRCA1 genes. In anticipation of upcoming clinical trials, here we provide preclinical data indicating that α-lactalbumin has the potential as a vaccine target for inducing safe and effective primary immunoprevention as well as immunotherapy against TNBC.
Technical advances for histotripsy: Strategic ultrasound pulsing methods for precise histotripsy lesion formation (2014)

Conventional histotripsy uses ultrasound pulses longer than three cycles wherein the bubble cloud formation relies on the pressure-release scattering of the positive shock fronts from sparsely distributed single cavitation bubbles, making the cavitation event unpredictable and sometimes chaotic. Recently, we have developed three new strategic histotripsy pulsing techniques to further increase the precision of cavitation cloud and lesion formation. (1) Microtripsy: When applying histotripsy pulses shorter than three cycles, the formation of a dense bubble cloud only depends on the applied peak negative pressure (P-) exceeding an intrinsic threshold of the medium. With a P- not significantly higher than this, very precise sub-vocal-volume lesions can be generated. (2) Dual-beam histotripsy: A sub-threshold high-frequency pulse (perhaps from an imaging transducer) is enabled by a sub-threshold low-frequency pump pulse to exceed the intrinsic threshold and produces very precise lesions. (3) Frequency compounding: a near monopolar pulse can be synthesized using a frequency-compounding transducer (an array transducer consisting of elements with various resonant frequencies). By adjusting time delays for individual frequency components and allowing their principal negative peaks to arrive at the focus concurrently, a near monopolar pulse with a dominant negative phase can be generated (no complicating high peak positive shock fronts).
An Automatic Method to Extract Data from an Electronic Contract Composed of a Number of Documents in PDF Format (2006)

An electronic contract can encompass a large number of collateral contract documents in PDF format. These contract documents are of different contract document types and converted from different original formats. Data extraction and thus data mining for this kind of electronic contracts is very difficult. In this paper, we present a novel method to automatically extract contract data from this kind of electronic contracts. Our automatic electronic contract data extraction system comprises an administrator module, a PDF parser, a pattern recognition engine and a contract data extraction engine. The administrator module provides templates for inputting document patterns and a list of contract data tags for each contract document type. It also constructs the pattern matrices and stores them in a database. The PDF parser converts the contract PDF document into the contract text document with the insertion of formatting bookmarks, such as a new page, paragraph or line. The pattern recognition engine determines a list of contract document types in the electronic contract by comparing and matching the patterns of all known contract document types with the pattern of the contract text document. The contract data extraction engine retrieves the corresponding list of contract data tags and then extracts contract data accordingly for each contract document type on the list. Our automatic electronic contract data extraction system has found to be very accurate, efficient and useful in extracting contract data for data mining.
Phenotype prediction based on microRNA expression profiles: a novel diagnostic tool for inflammatory bowel disease (2019)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the alimentary tract, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) as its two major subtypes. The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease remains a clinical challenge and involves the assessment of numerous parameters. A multitude of biomarkers has been proposed to complement the diagnostic process. However, none of them can be recommended for routine clinical practice. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of short, non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. In the scope of this work we evaluate whether systematic miRNA or miRNA variant expression profiling, in conjunction with state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, is suitable as a non-invasive tool for diagnostics of IBD. In a first study we employed microarray technology to determine expression levels of 863 miRNAs for whole blood samples drawn from a cohort comprising 314 individuals, to establish miRNA signature being informative for the highly accurate distinction of CD and UC among each other as well as from healthy and inflammatory controls. In another study we extended this approach by additionally incorporating expression profiles of miRNA variants. We employed next generation sequencing technology to examine isomiR expression profiles drawn from a cohort of 515 individuals, comprising IBD cases as well as healthy and symptomatic controls. Incorporating distinctive isomiR signatures, we generated classifiers performing with median balanced accuracies of 78.57%/78.83% (untreated/treated CD vs. UC) and 100.00%/98.28% (untreated/treated CD or UC vs. HC), respectively. Hence, we provide sampling-based evidence for our models' superiority over established biomarkers.
Targeting ofAdenovirus via Genetic Modification of the Viral Capsid Combined with aProteinBridge (2003)

A potential barrier to the development of genetically targeted adenovirus (Ad) vectors for cell-specific delivery of gene therapeutics lies in the fact that several types of targeting protein ligands require posttranslational modifications, such as the formation of disulfide bonds, which are not available to Ad capsid proteins due to their nuclear localization during assembly of the virion. To overcome this problem, we developed a new targeting strategy, which combines genetic modifications of the Ad capsid with a protein bridge approach, resulting in a vector-ligand targeting complex. The components of the complex associate by virtue of genetic modifications to both the Ad capsid and the targeting ligand. One component of this mechanism of association, the Fc-binding domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A, is genetically incorporated into the Ad fiber protein. The ligand is comprised of a targeting component fused with the Fc domain of immunoglobulin, which serves as a docking moiety to bind to these genetically modified fibers during the formation of the Ad-ligand complex. The modular design of the ligand solves the problem of structural and biosynthetic compatibility with the Ad and thus facilitates targeting of the vector to a variety of cellular receptors. Our study shows that targeting ligands incorporating the Fc domain and either an anti-CD40 single-chain antibody or CD40L form stable complexes with protein A-modified Ad vectors, resulting in significant augmentation of gene delivery to CD40-positive target cells. Since this gene transfer is independent of the expression of the native Ad5 receptor by the target cells, this strategy results in the derivation of truly targeted Ad vectors suitable for tissue-specific gene therapy.
Imaging Microscope For "Water-Window" X Rays (1991)

Proposed microscope operates in water-window part of x-ray spectrum. Contains spherical-mirror substrates coated with multiple thin layers of material exhibiting Bragg reflection at wavelength at which water transparent. Suited for making high-resolution, high-contrast images for microbiological research.
Effect of Naphthalene, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Dioctyl Phthalate, and Adipic Dioctyl Ester, Chemicals Found in the Nests of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on a SaprophyticMucorsp. (Zygomycetes: Mucorales) (1998)

Fungi are commonly found associated with termites and their nests. Four chemicals that have been isolated from the nests of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated to determine their effect on a common nest fungus, a saprophytic Mucor sp. Butylated hydroxytoluene, dioctyl phthalate, and adipic dioctyl ester were not found to affect the growth of this fungus. At high concentrations, naphthalene inhibited the growth of this Mucor sp. through its presence in the surrounding air. The possible use of naphthalene by termites to control fungi is discussed.
ICE: An Integrated Configuration Engine for Interference Mitigation in Cloud Services (2015)

Performance degradation due to imperfect isolation of hardware resources such as cache, network, and I/O has been a frequent occurrence in public cloud platforms. A web server that is suffering from performance interference degrades interactive user experience and results in lost revenues. Existing work on interference mitigation tries to address this problem by intrusive changes to the hyper visor, e.g., Using intelligent schedulers or live migration, many of which are available only to infrastructure providers and not end consumers. In this paper, we present a framework for administering web server clusters where effects of interference can be reduced by intelligent reconfiguration. Our controller, ICE, improves web server performance during interference by performing two-fold autonomous reconfigurations. First, it reconfigures the load balancer at the ingress point of the server cluster and thus reduces load on the impacted server. ICE then reconfigures the middleware at the impacted server to reduce its load even further. We implement and evaluate ICE on Cloud Suite, a popular web application benchmark, and with two popular load balancers - HA Proxy and LVS. Our experiments in a private cloud test bed show that ICE can improve median response time of web servers by up to 94% compared to astatically configured server cluster. ICE also outperforms an adaptive load balancer (using least connection scheduling) by up to 39%.
Ultra-Low Threshold and High Speed Electrically Driven Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers and LEDs (2012)

We have demonstrated an electrically driven photonic crystal nanocavity laser with record low threshold (180nA) and a single mode photonic crystal nanocavity LED directly modulated at 10GHz speed with 0.25 fJ/bit energy consumption.
SIGNALING MECHANISMS ACTIVATED BY RECEPTORS OF THE TNF/NGF FAMILY (1997)

Wallach, D.; Boldin, M.; Malinin, N.; Goncharov, T.; Varfolomeev, E.; Kovalenko, A.; Goltsev, Y.; Mett, I. Author Information