gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diphenylaminofluorene-Based Two-Photon-Absorbing Chromophores with Various π-Electron Acceptors (2001)

A new series of linear, asymmetrical diphenylaminofluorene-based chromophores (AFX) with various strong π-electron acceptors were synthesized and evaluated for two-photon absorptivity. These chromophores were studied to determine a suitable replacement for 2-(4-vinyl)pyridine, the π acceptor for our previously reported AFX series, which contains a photochemically and thermo-oxidatively unstable olefinic unit. In addition to the benzoyl group (AF-370), these π-electron acceptors include 2-benzothiazolyl (AF-240), 2-benzoxazolyl (AF-390), 2-(N-phenyl)benzimidazolyl (AF-386), and 2-(3,4-diphenyl)imidazolyl (AF-385) moieties (five-membered heterocycles) and the 2-quinoxalinyl (AF-260) group (six-membered heterocycle). From nanosecond nonlinear transmission measurements, these new chromophores have effective two-photon cross sections (σ2‘) at 800 nm, spanning from 3.87 × 10-48 cm4 s/(photon molecule) for AF-385 to 97.46 × 10-48 cm4 s/(photon molecule) for AF-240. Two of them, 2-benzothiazolyl-end-capped AF-240 and benzoyl-containing AF-370 [σ2‘ = 84.32 × 10-48 cm4 s/(photon molecule)] stand out as having relatively good, albeit lower, values of two-photon cross sections, as compared to that of previously reported N,N-diphenyl-7-[2-(4-pyridinyl)ethenyl]-9,9-didecyl-fluorene-2-amine, AF-50 [σ2‘ = 115.6 × 10-48 cm4 s/(photon molecule)]. However, we observed that AF-240 was more photochemically robust than AF-50 when their THF solutions were subjected to repetitive and prolonged exposure to nanosecond laser radiation. Finally, on the basis of our nanosecond TPA cross-section data (σ2‘/MW values), the general trend for π-electron accepting ability, i.e., ability to accept charge transferred from diphenylamine appears to be as follows: 2-(4-vinyl)pyridine > 2-benzothiazolyl > benzoyl > 2-(N-phenylbenzimidazolyl > 2-quinoxalinyl > 2-benzoxazolyl > 2-(4,5-diphenyl)imidazoyl.
Macroscopic-imaging technique for subsurface quantification of near-infrared markers during surgery (2015)

Obtaining accurate quantitative information on the concentration and distribution of fluorescent markers lying at a depth below the surface of optically turbid media, such as tissue, is a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a fluorescence reconstruction technique based on a diffusion light transport model that can be used during surgery, including guiding resection of brain tumors, for depth-resolved quantitative imaging of near-infrared fluorescent markers. Hyperspectral fluorescence images are used to compute a topographic map of the fluorophore distribution, which yields structural and optical constraints for a three-dimensional subsequent hyperspectral diffuse fluorescence reconstruction algorithm. Using the model fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 and brain-like tissue phantoms, the technique yielded estimates of fluorophore concentration within ±25% of the true value to depths of 5 to 9 mm, depending on the concentration. The approach is practical for integration into a neurosurgical fluorescence microscope and has potential to further extend fluorescence-guided resection using objective and quantified metrics of the presence of residual tumor tissue.
SD-VCR: a high data rate versatile recorder (1994)

A 1024 track stationary head digital recorder has been developed. Although using conventional half inch magnetic tape, this recorder uses new developed components for writing and reading such high number of parallel tracks. We show how this technology is a breakthrough towards higher density, higher data rate and simpler transport mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ruthenium–indenylidene complexes: powerful tools for metathesis transformations (2008)

Ruthenium–indenylidene complexes represent a class of robust and efficient pre-catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions. In this feature article, we provide an overview of the various complexes belonging to this family and summarise their use in various applications. The relation between the nature of ancillary ligands around the metal coordination sphere of these complexes and their catalytic activity is also discussed.
Iron-Polyphenol Interaction Reduces Iron Bioavailability in Fortified Tea: Competing Complexation to Ensure Iron Bioavailability (2017)

Tea seems to be like a logical substrate for iron fortification; however, its fortification with iron presents technical challenges as tea polyphenols form a blue complex with iron that makes both of them unavailable for absorption. The objective of this work was to develop an effective technology, to prevent the interaction of iron and polyphenols by using EDTA as a competing complexing agent. Fortified tea was prepared from premix, prepared by spraying iron and sodium EDTA into tea leaves. Iron concentration in tea was adjusted to 5 mg/cup. Iron content was measured by AAS and the iron-polyphenol complex by spectrophotometry at 560 nm. Sensory evaluation was carried out in order to determine if fortification affects the properties of tea. A molar ratio of 1 : 2 Fe : EDTA was able to avoid complex formation and provide 4 mg of iron per cup of brewed tea. The fortified tea had a similar colour and flavour as ordinary tea, without the development of off-flavours. However, fortified tea with a ratio lower than 1 : 2 had a darker colour and off-flavours. By the addition of EDTA in a molar ratio ≥1 : 2, it is possible to produce an iron fortified tea without the formation of off-flavours.
All‐Silicon Broadband Ultraviolet Metasurfaces (2018)

Featuring high photon energy and short wavelength, ultraviolet (UV) light enables numerous applications such as high-resolution imaging, photolithography, and sensing. In order to manipulate UV light, bulky optics are usually required, and hence do not meet the fast-growing requirements of integration in compact systems. Recently, metasurfaces have shown unprecedented control of light, enabling substantial miniaturization of photonic devices from terahertz to visible regions. However, material challenges have hampered the realization of such functionalities at shorter wavelengths. Herein, it is experimentally demonstrated that all-silicon (Si) metasurfaces with thicknesses of only one-tenth of the working wavelength can be designed and fabricated to manipulate broadband UV light with efficiencies comparable to plasmonic metasurface performance in infrared (IR). Also, for the first time, photolithography enabled by metasurface-generated UV holograms is shown. Such performance enhancement is attributed to increased scattering cross sections of Si antennas in the UV range, which is adequately modeled via a circuit. The new platform introduced here will deepen the understanding of light-matter interactions and introduce even more material options to broadband metaphotonic applications, including those in integrated photonics and holographic lithography technologies.
SPEED (2009)

This paper describes an inter-procedural technique for computing symbolic bounds on the number of statements a procedure executes in terms of its scalar inputs and user-defined quantitative functions of input data-structures. Such computational complexity bounds for even simple programs are usually disjunctive, non-linear, and involve numerical properties of heaps. We address the challenges of generating these bounds using two novel ideas.We introduce a proof methodology based on multiple counter instrumentation (each counter can be initialized and incremented at potentially multiple program locations) that allows a given linear invariant generation tool to compute linear bounds individually on these counter variables. The bounds on these counters are then composed together to generate total bounds that are non-linear and disjunctive. We also give an algorithm for automating this proof methodology. Our algorithm generates complexity bounds that are usually precise not only in terms of the computational complexity, but also in terms of the constant factors.Next, we introduce the notion of user-defined quantitative functions that can be associated with abstract data-structures, e.g., length of a list, height of a tree, etc. We show how to compute bounds in terms of these quantitative functions using a linear invariant generation tool that has support for handling uninterpreted functions. We show application of this methodology to commonly used data-structures (namely lists, list of lists, trees, bit-vectors) using examples from Microsoft product code. We observe that a few quantitative functions for each data-structure are usually sufficient to allow generation of symbolic complexity bounds of a variety of loops that iterate over these data-structures, and that it is straightforward to define these quantitative functions.The combination of these techniques enables generation of precise computational complexity bounds for real-world examples (drawn from Microsoft product code and C++ STL library code) for some of which it is non-trivial to even prove termination. Such automatically generated bounds are very useful for early detection of egregious performance problems in large modular codebases that are constantly being changed by multiple developers who make heavy use of code written by others without a good understanding of their implementation complexity.
Information content of transient synchrotron radiation in tokamak plasmas (1989)

A brief, deliberate, perturbation of hot tokamak electrons produces a transient, synchrotron radiation signal, in frequency-time space, with impressive informative potential on plasma parameters; for example, the dc toroidal electric field, not available by other means, may be measurable. Very fast algorithms have been developed, making tractable a statistical analysis that compares essentially all parameter sets that might possibly explain the transient signal. By simulating data numerically, we can estimate the informative worth of data prior to obtaining it.
Improved ICI estimation for mobile OFDM systems (2012)

To combat Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) in mobile OFDM systems, ICI can be reconstructed and removed from the received signal with the aid of channel estimation and decision-feedback. Successful ICI cancellation hinges on accurate channel estimation, which includes both the channel gains and ICI gains, the multiplicative coefficients to the neighbor subcarrier signals representing their power leakage. The channel estimation methods based on the statistical property of the ICI gains were previously proposed by the authors. In this paper, we propose improved ICI gain estimation scheme exploiting the sparse property of the multipath fading channels. The scaling relationship between ICI gain vectors is also further exploited to significantly improve the performance of ICI gain estimation.
Siloxyl Ether Functionalized Resins for Chemoselective Enrichment of Carboxylic Acids (2011)

Although the carboxylic acid moiety is prevalent in many biologically produced molecules, including natural products and proteins, methods to chemoselectively target this functional group have remained elusive. Generally, strategies that utilize carboxylate nucleophilicity also promote reactions with other nucleophiles such as amines and hydroxyls. A reagent was sought to facilitate the selective isolation of carboxylic acid containing compounds from complex mixtures. Here, the development of siloxyl ether functionalized solid supports is described.
Iolaus (2013)

Online content ratings services allow users to find and share content ranging from news articles (Digg) to videos (YouTube) to businesses (Yelp). Generally, these sites allow users to create accounts, declare friendships, upload and rate content, and locate new content by leveraging the aggregated ratings of others. These services are becoming increasingly popular; Yelp alone has over 33 million reviews. Unfortunately, this popularity is leading to increasing levels of malicious activity, including multiple identity (Sybil) attacks and the "buying" of ratings from users.
Batch injection analysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBatch injection analysisJoseph. Wang and Ziad. TahaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 10, 1053–1056Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00010a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00010a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of ERG oncoprotein expression among matched cohorts of African American and Caucasian American patients with prostate cancer. (2012)

52 Background: The ERG proto-oncogene is frequently overexpressed in Prostate Cancer (CaP) following genomic fusion, which places ERG under the control of the TMPRSS2 promoter. Recent studies show higher frequency of ERG rearrangement or ERG oncoprotein expression in CaP of Caucasian-American (CA) patients compared to African-American (AA) patients. The frequency of the ERG oncoprotein expression in prostate tumors of matched CA and AA CaP patients is evaluated to better understand the biological basis for differences in prostate cancer between the two populations. Methods: Ninety-one AA CaP patients were matched for age, Gleason sum and pathologic stage to 91 CA CaP patients. All underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2010. Whole mount prostate specimens were used for immunohistochemical detection of the ERG oncoprotein by an ERG monoclonal antibody (clone 9FY). Individual foci of tumors were noted as either positive or negative. ERG staining data was linked to dinico-pathologic data. Results: Fifty-nine of 91 CA patients (64.8%) and 41191 (45.0%) AA patients had at least one focus of tumor positive for ERG in a whole-mount prostate section (p = 0.0073). The index tumor was positive for ERG expression in 55/89 (61.8%) CA and 24/85 (28.2%) of AA patients (p <0.001). Seventy-seven of 183 (42.1%) individual foci were positive in CA versus 511196 in AA (26.0%; P <0.001). There was a trend towards increased biochemical recurrence in CA patients with ERG positive index tumors. Conclusions: The prevalence of ERG oncoprotein expression is significantly higher among Caucasian- American patients. Differences in pattern of ERG positivity of index and non-index tumors between Caucasian-American and African-American prostate cancer patients and trends towards decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival suggest a more accelerated growth of ERG-positive tumors in Caucasian-American patients. Differences in ERG expression have the potential to delineate biological distinctions of CaP in these patient populations.
Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Object Detection (2020)

In this paper we propose to exploit multiple related tasks for accurate multi-sensor 3D object detection. Towards this goal we present an end-to-end learnable architecture that reasons about 2D and 3D object detection as well as ground estimation and depth completion. Our experiments show that all these tasks are complementary and help the network learn better representations by fusing information at various levels. Importantly, our approach leads the KITTI benchmark on 2D, 3D and BEV object detection, while being real time.
Optical cross-connect system technology trial (2002)

Summary form only given. In an effort to integrate existing network equipment and fiber plant with new technology and to characterize its affect on network applications, MCI deployed an optical cross-connect system (OCCS) technology trial in its network. This network consists of five separate 16/spl times/16 OCCS nodes, OC-48 and OC-192 transport equipment, optical amplifiers, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and a WAN control network. Two logical configurations were tested: optical ring and mesh. Restoration routes from 50-350 km were implemented utilizing nondispersion-shifted and long-span fiber types.
Automatic retinal interest evaluation system (ARIES) (2014)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of automatic computer-based systems for the detection of eye diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. However, in practice, retinal image quality is a big concern as automatic systems without consideration of degraded image quality will likely generate unreliable results. In this paper, an automatic retinal image quality assessment system (ARIES) is introduced to assess both image quality of the whole image and focal regions of interest. ARIES achieves 99.54% accuracy in distinguishing fundus images from other types of images through a retinal image identification step in a dataset of 35342 images. The system employs high level image quality measures (HIQM) to perform image quality assessment, and achieves areas under curve (AUCs) of 0.958 and 0.987 for whole image and optic disk region respectively in a testing dataset of 370 images. ARIES acts as a form of automatic quality control which ensures good quality images are used for processing, and can also be used to alert operators of poor quality images at the time of acquisition.
A 90 MHz CMOS RISC CPU designed for sustained performance (1990)

A CMOS CPU which operates at 90 MHz under typical conditions and implements an existing RISC (reduced-instruction-set-computer) 140-instruction set is described. The processor has been designed for sustained performance for workstation and both commercial and technical multiuser applications. Key performance features include a 3-ns, 32-b adder; low-skew on-chip clock buffers; and cycling off-chip caches at the operating frequency, using industry-standard synchronous static random-access memories (SRAMs). The speeds obtained are comparable to those of many emitter-coupled logic (ECL) implementations. The CPU chip includes the following hardware: integer fetch and execute unit, on-chip split I/D TLBs (translation lookaside buffers) with two-way 64 entries each, control for second-level off-chip TLBs, control for off-chip two-way split I/D writeback caches with single-bit error correction for data, full multiprocessing support hardware, inference for performance analysis and tuning, and a tightly coupled coprocessor interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fatty Ester Development in Reduced‐ and Elevated‐Palmitate Lines of Soybean (1996)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines are available that have been genetically modified to reduce and to elevate palmitate content in the seed oil. One objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in palmitate content that occur during seed development of reduced and elevated‐palmitate soybean genotypes. A second objective was to determine the relationship between the palmitate content of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds of the soybean genotypes. The genotypes evaluated were ‘Elgin 87’, with a normal palmitate content of 110 g kg −1 ; A18, a reduced‐palmitate line with <45 g kg −1 ; and A19, an elevated palmitate line with >250 g kg −1 . For the first objective, the seeds of each of the lines were harvested at 2‐d intervals from 15 to 39 d after flowering (DAF) and 4‐d intervals from 39 DAF until maturity during 1991 and 1992. Significant differences among the lines for palmitate content of the seeds were observed as early as 19 DAF. The increase in palmitate in A19 was accompanied by a decrease in oleate and linoleate content. The decrease in palmitate in AI8 was accompanied by an increase in oleate content. For the second objective, there was a relationship between the palmitate content in the seed oil and that of the roots, leaves, and stems for each of the lines. A18, which had the lowest palmitate content in the seed oil, had the lowest palmitate content in roots, leaves, and stems. AI9, which had the highest palmitate content in the seed oil, had the highest palmitate content in the vegetative tissues studied. The results indicated that the mutant alleles in A18 and A19 are constitutively expressed.
Organic Salts as a Route to Energy Level Control in Low Bandgap, High Open‐Circuit Voltage Organic and Transparent Solar Cells that Approach the Excitonic Voltage Limit (2015)

A new series of organic salts with selective near‐infrared (NIR) harvesting to 950 nm is reported, and anion selection and blending is demonstrated to allow for fine tuning of the open‐circuit voltage. Extending photoresponse deeper into the NIR is a significant challenge facing small molecule organic photovoltaics, and recent demonstrations have been limited by open‐circuit voltages much lower than the theoretical and practical limits. This work presents molecular design strategies that enable facile tuning of energy level alignment and open‐circuit voltages in organic salt‐based photovoltaics. Anions are also shown to have a strong influence on exciton diffusion length. These insights provide a clear route toward achieving high efficiency transparent and panchromatic photovoltaics, and open up design opportunities to rapidly tailor molecules for new donor–acceptor systems.
Observation of electric field-assisted phase transition in thin film vanadium oxide in a metal-oxide-semiconductor device geometry (2008)

We report the observation of electric field-assisted phase transition across a vanadium oxide thin film. The threshold field for initiation of transition was ∼107 V/m at room temperature and decreased with increasing temperature with activation energy of ∼0.2 eV. Electron transport mechanisms were investigated using both current-in-plane and out-of-plane devices and the results correlated very well. In the insulator phase, Poole–Frenkel emission was determined to be a dominant mechanism at high fields, while in the low field regime, Ohmic behavior with activation energy of ∼0.24 eV was observed. In the metallic state, activation energy for Ohmic conduction was ∼0.08 eV.