gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A refined finite element model verification for IC packaged PCB with thermal effects (2010)

A reliable and accurate analytical model is desired for the printed circuit board (PCB) with IC package to predict the system response due to loadings such as shock and vibration simulation or even with thermal effect. This work addresses the procedure of model verification by the adoption of experimental modal analysis (EMA) to validate the finite element (FE) model constructed by FE commercial software. The PCB with one package adhered with the heating pad to emulate the heat effect is first considered for completely free boundary condition. The refined FE model of the PCB consists of detail components, such as the chip, substrate, compound and solder balls. The thermal effect on the PCB is simulated to conduct the temperature field analysis as well as the thermal stress. The modal analysis on the PCB with the heating in steady state is then performed to obtain the structural modal parameters, i.e. natural frequencies and mode shapes. The EMA is also carried out to determine the system modal properties that are used to update the analytical FE model. Through the comparison of frequency response functions and modal parameters between the analytical FE model and the real PCB structure, the refined FE model can be verified for material properties and thermal boundary conditions. The same procedure for model verification is then conducted via both EMA and FEA on the PCB in the fixed boundary that complies with the test fixture for the random vibration test of JEDEC specification. The verified equivalent FE model of the PCB can then be adopted to perform spectrum response analysis accordingly.
Web People Search Disambiguation using Language Model Techniques (2009)

In this paper we describe our participation in Web Peo-ple Search Clustering task. We present a new methodology based on language models to improve Web People Search disambiguation. In particular we introduce two different ap-proaches: One of them uses alternative weighting functions to represent a document and it apply a classical clustering algorithm. The second approach uses two sources of occu-pational information as reference collections and it applies an heuristic-based technique in order to resolve the number of different identities. Moreover, we have studied the impact in results of using stemming and a variant of Interpolated Aggregate Smoothing applied to language models.
Influence of posture on flow dependence of distribution of inhaled 133Xe boli (1976)

The second 100 ml of gas inspired at constant flow rates (V) from 0.1 to 2.5 l/s was tagged with 133Xe to determine the apicobasal bolus distribution ratio (VAlvA/VAlvB) for seven normal subjects in both the upright and supine postures. Gas was preferentially distributed to the base at low V. As V increased, redistribution to the apex occurred but was greater in the supine posture. As apicobasal time constant differences should be minimal in the supine posture, the greater flow dependence of bolus distribution suggests that the pressure swing was greater over apical zones than basal zones. Model studies indicate that the pressure differences (deltaPd) necessary to predict the measured VAlvA/VAlvB at all flow rates are less than 1.0 cmH2O. Such sensitivity of gas distribution to deltaPd at both low and high flow rates makes it appear relatively insensitive to regional compliance and resistance.
산업연관분석 이해를 위한 소고(小考) (2014)

산업연관분석은 대상이 되는 산업뿐만 아니라 그 산업과 연관되어 있는 타산업과의 관계를 규명해주고, 그 나라의 산업구조를 해석할 수 있다(김, 1999). 산업별 각종 승수효과와 전·후방연관효과를 통해서 지역경제에서 높은 상호 연관성을 갖고 있는 산업과 고용창출효과 및 소 득유발효과가 높은 산업을 선정할 수 있다. 제한된 투자재원과 지역여건하에서 투자의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 지역 입지여건을 고려하되, 전·후방연 관효과와 각종 승수효과가 높은 산업을 우선적으로 투자하는 것이 바람직하다(이, 2006). 그리고 지역산업연관표는 지역경제의 구조와 특성을 면밀히 파악할 수 있게 해주며 지방 자치단체의 부족한 투자재원을 보다 효율적으로 투자할 수 있게 하는 기초자료로서 중용한 역할을 한다(황과 김, 2008). 본 연구는 현재 경제적 파급효과를 평가하기 위해 주로 사용되고 있는 산업연관분석을 이해하기 위한 문헌고찰이다. 현재 다양한 산업, 여러 지역에서 산업연관표, 지역산업연관표를 이용하여 산업연관분석을 실시하고 있지만 작성상의 기준과 통계적 처리로 인해 해석의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 전체적으로 산업연관분석을 개괄해봄으로써 각종 투자사업의 우선순위와 지역개발사업의 타당성 평가를 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 실증자료를 이용하여 다양한 산업별 파급효과와 지역별 파급효과를 추정하고 그 위상을 가늠해 볼 수 있는 심도있는 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다.
Hernández Díaz, José María (Coord.) (2011): Influencias inglesas en la educación española e iberoamericana (1810-2010). Salamanca: Ediciones Anthema, 667 pp. (2012)

Hernandez Diaz, Jose Maria (Coord.) (2011): Influencias inglesas en la educacion espanola e iberoamericana (1810-2010). Salamanca: Ediciones Anthema, 667 pp.
Response Surface Methodology, an effective strategy in the optimization of the generation of curcumin‐loaded micelles (2012)

ABSTRACT Curcumin, a yellow pigment extracted from the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa , found to have significant pharmaceutical activities. However, the bioavailability of curcumin after administration is always low because of its extremely poor solubility in water. To improve the absorption rate of curcumin in vivo , curcumin‐loaded micelles have been developed by using GRAS surfactants, namely Brij 56 and Span 20, and by the application of ultrasonic cavitation. To investigate the interaction between different factors and to optimize the formulation conditions, Response Surface Methodology has been adopted. Both Central Composite Design and Box–Behnken Design (BBD) have been attempted in this study, and a better fitted quadric polynomial equation has been obtained from BBD that resulted into the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) of 0.9894 and 0.9574 for the zeta‐average and polydispersity index of the formulation, respectively. In contrast, Analysis of Variance suggested a coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) for Central Composite Design plots that is 0.9172 for particle size response surface and 0.8246 for the polydispersity response surface. Optimization based on BBD model suggested 28 possible solutions, for which the generated solution with the highest desirability (0.764) predicted the curcumin‐loaded micelle formulation with 19.99 nm particle size and with 0.267 polydispersity index, when the formulation hydrophilic–lipophilic balance number is 9.46, curcumin‐to‐water weight ratio is 0.7 and surfactant‐to‐water weight ratio is 0.11. The whole investigation clearly supports the potential of ultrasonic cavitation in the generation of curcumin‐loaded micelles. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure Framework for Multipath Multimedia Streaming over Wireless Ad Hoc Network (2009)

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an appealing technology that has attracted lots of research efforts. Due to frequent communication failures, multipath routing is preferred than single-path routing in many applications such as multimedia streaming over MANET as the former can provide robustness, load balancing and reduce end-to-end delay. However, a security remains important factor that hinders the rapid deployment of multimedia applications over wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a secure and reliable framework for multimedia streaming over multipath MANET that provides security not only for ad hoc routing but also for real-time data transfer. We discuss security analysis for the proposed security scheme. And we also conduct simulation to evaluate such a framework with respect to different performance metrics.
MagicKeys: Touch-Sensitive Tooltips for Hardware (2002)

Tooltips for hardware, using touch-sensitive keys. We replaced three of the F-keys (F1, F2, F3) on the MS Office Keyboard with generic task keys (Task A, Task B, Task C). The keys have touchsensitive key caps that can detect when the user is just touching the key, as opposed to depressing the key to activate it.
Digital filter synthesis based on an algorithm to generate all minimal signed digit representations (2002)

In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm to find all the minimal signed digit (MSD) representations of a constant and present an algorithm to synthesize digital filters based on the MSD representation. The hardware complexity of a digital signal processing system is dependent on the number system used for the implementation. Although the canonical signed digit (CSD) representation is widely employed, as it is unique and guarantees the minimal number of nonzero digits for a constant, the MSD representation provides multiple representations that have the same number of nonzero digits as the CSD representation. The proposed filter synthesis algorithm utilizes this redundancy of the MSD representation to make common subexpressions, as many as possible, leading to smaller filters. By applying the proposed algorithm to the hardware synthesis of finite impulse response filters, the authors obtained multiplier blocks that are 7% smaller than those generated from the CSD representation.
Equalization for OFDM with Multiple Delay-Doppler Paths using Conjugate Gradients with Chebyshev Preconditioning (2007)

In this paper we consider the performance of iterative solution techniques when applied to equalization for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with multiple delay-doppler paths. The use of a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) equalizer in this problem yields satisfactory bit error rate (BER) performance, but requires the inversion of a high-dimensional matrix. Reduced complexity is achieved by applying the method of conjugate gradients (CG). Proper use of preconditioning is used to accelerate convergence of CG in terms of reducing the number of steps required for good performance. We analyze the performance and efficiency of a polynomial-based preconditioner wherein an approximate inverse of the MMSE equalizer is formed from a linear combination of matrix-valued Chebyshev polynomials. The results of a simulation study are presented, demonstrating that Chebyshev-preconditioning substantially reduces the number of CG steps required to achieve performance close to that obtained with the MMSE estimator using the full inverse.
A Site-Specific Recombinase-Based Method to Produce Antibiotic Selectable Marker Free Transgenic Cattle (2013)

Antibiotic selectable marker genes have been widely used to generate transgenic animals. Once transgenic animals have been obtained, the selectable marker is no longer necessary but raises public concerns regarding biological safety. The aim of this study was to prepare competent antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). PhiC31 intergrase was used to insert a transgene cassette into a "safe harbor" in the bovine genome. Then, Cre recombinase was employed to excise the selectable marker under the monitoring of a fluorescent double reporter. By visually tracking the phenotypic switch from red to green fluorescence, antibiotic selectable marker free cells were easily detected and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. For safety, we used phiC31 mRNA and cell-permeant Cre protein in this study. When used as donor nuclei for SCNT, these safe harbor integrated marker-free transgenic cells supported a similar developmental competence of SCNT embryos compared with that of non-transgenic cells. After embryo transfer, antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic cattle were generated and anti-bacterial recombinant human β-defensin-3 in milk was detected during their lactation period. Thus, this approach offers a rapid and safe alternative to produce antibiotic selectable marker free transgenic farm animals, thereby making it a valuable tool to promote the healthy development and welfare of transgenic farm animals.
Real Options: Managerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation (1996)

In the 1970s and the 1980s, developments in the valuation of capital-investment opportunities based on options pricing revolutionized capital budgeting. Managerial flexibility to adapt and revise future decisions in order to capitalize on favorable future opportunities or to limit losses has proven vital to long-term corporate success in an uncertain and changing marketplace.In this book Lenos Trigeorgis, who has helped shape the field of real options, brings together a wealth of previously scattered knowledge and research on the new flexibility in corporate resource allocation and in the evaluation of investment alternatives brought about by the shift from static cash-flow approaches to the more dynamic paradigm of real options -- an approach that incorporates decisions on whether to defer, expand, contract, abandon, switch use, or otherwise alter a capital investment.Comprehensive in scope, Real Options reviews current techniques of capital budgeting and details an approach (based on the pricing of options) that provides a means of quantifying the elusive elements of managerial flexibility in the face of unexpected changes in the market. Also discussed are the strategic value of new technology, project interdependence, and competitive interaction.The ability to value real options has so dramatically altered the way in which corporate resources are allocated that future textbooks on capital budgeting will bear little resemblance to those of even the recent past. Real Options is a pioneer in this area, coupling a coherent picture of how option theory is used with practical insights in into real-world applications.
The organization of learning (1990)

From insects to humans, Charles Gallistel explores the sophisticated computations performed in these ubiquitous but neglected domains of animal learning. How do animals represent space, time, number and rate? From insects to humans, Charles Gallistel explores the sophisticated computations performed in these ubiquitous yet neglected domains of animal learning. He proposes new and imaginative hypotheses about brain and mental processes and provides original insights about animal behavior using a computational-representational framework that is an exciting alternative to traditional associative theories of learning. Gallistel argues compellingly that experimental psychologists should begin to view the phenomena of learning within a framework that utilizes as the proper unit of analysis the computation and storage of a quantity, rather than the formation of an association that has been the basis of traditional learning theory. His approach reveals the formal structure of the environmental relationships that animals master to time and orient their behavior. It clarifies what representations different animals can and cannot compute and the nature of the computations by which animals derive these representations.The author backs up this thesis with studies that encompass a vast range of animal learning: animal navigation (the use of dead reckoning and cognitive maps); the mechanisms of timekeeping in the nervous system; the registration and utilization of time of occurrence (circadian phase) in learned behavior; the learning and use of temporal intervals and of numerosity; the computation of rates of occurrence; modern findings and theories of classical conditioning. Gallistel surveys the experimental literature in zoology, biology, neuroscience, and psychology that bears on those aspects of their environment that animals represent and the computations they perform in constructing and utilizing those representations. He reveals the fundamental role these representations play in learning and memory, and the implications of these findings in the search for the cellular basis of memory. The Organization of Learning is included in the series Learning, Development, and Conceptual Change, edited by Lila Gleitman, Susan Carey, Elissa Newport, and Elizabeth Spelke. A Bradford Book
Addressing the SME finance problem (2017)

Although SMEs provide employment to a large share of the labor force in developed and developing countries, they receive limited external funding compared to large firms and face a financing gap. This problem is not specific to developing countries; SMEs in developed countries also suffer from a similar shortfall in financing. According to the World Bank Enterprise Survey, SMEs are less likely to have a formal bank loan or other lines of credit compared to large firms. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) estimates that in aggregate across developing regions, the credit gap to formal SMEs ranged from $900 to $1, 100 billion in 2011.1 These values represented between 26 and 32 percent of total credit to formal SMEs. This policy brief explores two questions. Why are SMEs more financially constrained than large firms? What are some feasible and innovative solutions to help SMEs obtain better access to finance? Understanding the SME finance problem is critical because difficulties in obtaining finance can hamper the ability of established smaller firms to invest and grow and of new firms to launch operations, hindering overall growth in economic activity and employment.
Aplodontid rodents (Mammalia) from the Oligocene (Orellan and Whitneyan) Brule Formation, Nebraska (1989)

ABSTRACT Seven species of aplodontid rodents are recognized from the Orellan, four from the Whitneyan, and one from both horizons of Nebraska. Three new genera are recognized, Epeiromys from the Orellan, Oropyctis from the Whitneyan, and Campestrallomys from both horizons. Three new Orellan species (Prosciurus parvus, Campestrallomys annectens, and Epeiromys spanius), two new Whitneyan species (Oropyctis pediasius and Campestrallomys siouxensis), and one new species from the late Orellan and early Whitneyan (Prosciurus magnus) are described. An indeterminate species of aplodontid from the Whitneyan is also recognized. Only a few lineages of aplodontids can be traced from the Orellan into later times. Campestrallomys, Downsimus, and Haplomys can be derived from Prosciurus. Oropyctis may represent an early ancestor of the Mylagaulidae, but this relationship is quite tenuous. The biostratigraphic occurrence of several species of aplodontids in Nebraska suggests that all species are not continuous throughout the Orellan of Nebraska, and that these species may be useful as biostratigraphic markers.
Bactericidal properties of Campylobacter jejuni-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in commercial immunoglobulin preparations (1995)

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common enterocolitis-causing microorganisms worldwide. It is of particular importance in immunodeficient patients, who frequently are prone to develop extraintestinal manifestations. Since these cases respond poorly to antibiotic treatment, a supportive immunomodulating therapy including the administration of C. jejuni-specific immunoglobulins would be desirable. In the present study, nine commercial immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use were tested for the presence of C. jejuni lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and outer membrane protein (OMP)-specific antibodies by using immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody reactivities against these antigens were comparable in eight of nine tested immunoglobulin preparations. Only in one preparation were C. jejuni OMP- and LPS-specific IgM antibodies found. In this preparation the immunoblot test revealed a strong reactivity against both flagellin and a major OMP. Moreover, all immunoglobulin preparations recognized OMPs of C. jejuni serotypes Lior 4, 9, 11, and 29 equally strongly, while the reactivity to an anti-Lior 36 isolate was less marked. Furthermore, the bactericidal properties of three immunoglobulin preparations were tested by means of chemiluminescence signaling in and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). The results show that the IgM preparation enhanced Campylobacter-triggered chemiluminescence signaling in PMNL as well as killing of C. jejuni by PMNL, while the other immunoglobulin preparations did not do so. These results suggest that the administration of immunoglobulin preparations containing C. jejuni-specific IgM antibodies would be beneficial for patients with severe C. jejuni infections.
Ensemble Knowledge Distillation for Learning Improved and Efficient Networks (2020)

Ensemble models comprising of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have shown significant improvements in model generalization but at the cost of large computation and memory requirements. In this paper, we present a framework for learning compact CNN models with improved classification performance and model generalization. For this, we propose a CNN architecture of a compact student model with parallel branches which are trained using ground truth labels and information from high capacity teacher networks in an ensemble learning fashion. Our framework provides two main benefits: i) Distilling knowledge from different teachers into the student network promotes heterogeneity in learning features at different branches of the student network and enables the network to learn diverse solutions to the target problem. ii) Coupling the branches of the student network through ensembling encourages collaboration and improves the quality of the final predictions by reducing variance in the network outputs. Experiments on the well established CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets show that our Ensemble Knowledge Distillation (EKD) improves classification accuracy and model generalization especially in situations with limited training data. Experiments also show that our EKD based compact networks outperform in terms of mean accuracy on the test datasets compared to other knowledge distillation based methods.
Britain, Russia and South-East Europe, 1939–41 (1976)

'Embroiling' Russia and Germany over South-East Europe seemed at first an ill-starred undertaking, given Stalin's apparent determination to avoid war at any price; and there is no evidence that any British machinations in the area influenced Hitler's decision to attack Russia. 'Embroilment' was in fact only one of a series of widely differing policies which Britain followed towards Russia up till June 1941.
Nivolumab for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Treatment of extensive-stage SCLC is still a challenge but immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is showing promising results. Nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab has demonstrated a benefit in terms of response and survival in patients with pre-treated extensive-stage disease and has been approved as third-line therapy after failure of chemotherapy. However, data from two phase III trials with nivolumab are negative. In the first trial, nivolumab was administered as a single agent compared to second-line chemotherapy, while in the second it was given alone or in combination with ipilimumab as maintenance treatment after platinum-based chemotherapy.<b>Areas covered</b>: Our review focuses on the role of immunotherapy, and in particular nivolumab, in the treatment of SCLC, describing the results of the main trials and its future perspectives, with reference to clinical trials with other checkpoint inhibitors.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The future of nivolumab in the treatment of SCLC needs to be clarified with further clinical trials, in which improved patient selection and a more specific setting and/or timepoint of the disease may be identified.