gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validating automatic semantic annotation of anatomy in DICOM CT images (2011)

In the current health-care environment, the time available for physicians to browse patients' scans is shrinking due to the rapid increase in the sheer number of images. This is further aggravated by mounting pressure to become more productive in the face of decreasing reimbursement. Hence, there is an urgent need to deliver technology which enables faster and effortless navigation through sub-volume image visualizations. Annotating image regions with semantic labels such as those derived from the RADLEX ontology can vastly enhance image navigation and sub-volume visualization. This paper uses random regression forests for efficient, automatic detection and localization of anatomical structures within DICOM 3D CT scans. A regression forest is a collection of decision trees which are trained to achieve direct mapping from voxels to organ location and size in a single pass. This paper focuses on comparing automated labeling with expert-annotated ground-truth results on a database of 50 highly variable CT scans. Initial investigations show that regression forest derived localization errors are smaller and more robust than those achieved by state-of-the-art global registration approaches. The simplicity of the algorithm's context-rich visual features yield typical runtimes of less than 10 seconds for a 512<sup>3</sup> voxel DICOM CT series on a single-threaded, single-core machine running multiple trees; each tree taking less than a second. Furthermore, qualitative evaluation demonstrates that using the detected organs' locations as index into the image volume improves the efficiency of the navigational workflow in all the CT studies.
Defining Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2011)

Human cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been defined as circulating cells that express a panel of cell surface markers similar to those known to be expressed by vascular endothelial cells, that home to sites of hypoxia/ischemia upon infusion into experimental animal models, and participate in blood vessel formation (as analyzed by in vitro and in vivo methods). Although no specific marker for an EPC has been identified, a group of markers has been consistently utilized as a surrogate marker for cells purported to display vascular regenerative capacity. Since both hematopoietic and vascular endothelial subsets display many of the same cell surface antigens and both participate in new blood vessel formation, recent analyses have stressed the need to reconsider the use of the term EPC. This chapter reviews our current approaches to identifying human EPC and provides a brief summary statement for a new definition of an EPC.
A rapid latex immunoassay for the detection of plasmin-??2-plasmin inhibitor complex. Utilization of two monoclonal antibodies differentially recognizing respective components of the complex (1995)

Among six monoclonal antibodies raised against the human plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPI), three antibodies were found to recognize the plasmin part (group 1) and another three the alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) part (group 2) of the complex. One of the group-1 monoclonal antibodies, designated JIPPI-3, specifically reacted with a segment of plasmin containing kringles 2 and 3. Although all three group 2 antibodies reacted with both alpha 2-PI and PPI on immunoblotting and ELISA, one of them, JIPPI-50, was unable to react with alpha 2-PI, when the antibody had been covalently conjugated to Sepharose 4B gels and tested for reactivity against the antigens in solution. The results indicated that the epitope for this antibody had been buried in nascent alpha 2-PI, but had been exposed by complex formation with plasmin or by possible conformational changes induced in the alpha 2-PI molecule on insolubilization to nitrocellulose membranes or immunoplates. By utilizing a set of JIPPI-3 and JIPPI-50, individually coated onto latex beads, PPI could be measured in plasma in the range of 0.8-100 micrograms/ml without interference by coexisting plasminogen (120-200 micrograms/ml) or alpha 2-PI (70 micrograms/ml). This measurable range seems to cover the level of PPI clinically observed under hyperfibrinolytic states.
Layer-by-Layer Sorting of Rhenium Disulfide via High-Density Isopycnic Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation (2016)

Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation (iDGU) has been widely applied to sort nanomaterials by their physical and electronic structure. However, the commonly used density-gradient medium iodixanol has a finite maximum buoyant density that prevents the use of iDGU for high-density nanomaterials. Here, we overcome this limit by adding cesium chloride (CsCl) to iodixanol, thus increasing its maximum buoyant density to the point where the high-density two-dimensional nanomaterial rhenium disulfide (ReS<sub>2</sub>) can be sorted in a layer-by-layer manner with iDGU. The resulting aqueous ReS<sub>2</sub> dispersions show photoluminescence at ∼1.5 eV, which is consistent with its direct bandgap semiconductor electronic structure. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements on thin films formed from solution-processed ReS<sub>2</sub> show a spectral response that is consistent with optical absorbance and photoluminescence data. In addition to providing a pathway for effective solution processing of ReS<sub>2</sub>, this work establishes a general methodology for sorting high-density nanomaterials via iDGU.
Five-membered Heterocyclic Thiones. Part IV. 1,2,4-Thiadiazole-3-thiolates and 1,2,4-Thiadiazole-5-thione (1973)

1,2,4-Thiadiazole-5-thione (2a) was synthesized from the corresponding 5-bromo compound. An alternative synthesis of the known 3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole-5-thione is described. It was shown by i.r. spectroscopy that the parent compound and its 3-methyl derivative existed in the thione form in the solid state.Mercuric-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-thiolate (5) was prepared by cleavage of the corresponding disulfide with mercury. The mercuric salt was converted to a stable (in solution) sodium salt, but the free thio compound was not isolable.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Analogs as Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator that evokes a variety of cell and tissue responses via a set of cell surface receptors. The recent development of S1P receptor agonists, led by the immunomodulatory pro-drug FTY720, has revealed that S1P signaling is an important regulator of lymphocyte trafficking. With the twin goals of understanding structure-activity relationships of S1P ligands and developing tool compounds to explore S1P biology, we synthesized and tested numerous S1P analogs. We report herein that a subset of our aryl amide-containing compounds are antagonists at the S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors. The lead compound in series, VPC23019, was found in broken cell and whole cell assays to behave as a competitive antagonist at the S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors. The structure-activity relationship of this series is steep; for example, a slight modification of the lead compound resulted in VPC25239, which was one log order more potent at the S1P(3) receptor. These new chemical entities will enable further understanding of S1P signaling and provide leads for further S1P receptor antagonist development.
An experimental study of time-constrained aggregate queries (2010)

Although the notion of time-constrained query was first introduced two decades ago to address the problem of long running SQL queries, none of the commercial database systems support such a feature. This is rather surprising given the fact that database systems are beginning to accommodate large datasets in the order of terabytes to petabytes. Thus, the long running SQL query problem needs to be addressed. Recently, at Oracle we investigated and proposed a mechanism of supporting time-constrained quenes to provide quick approximate answers by use of sampling for such long running SQL quenes. This we followed up by coming up with error estimates as a measure of goodness for the approximation. To further validate our time-constrained query work, in this paper we present an experimental study conducted on our time-constrained query prototype built on the Oracle Database. It is our hope that this work will revive interest in time-constrained queries.
Memantine prevents HIV coat protein‐induced neuronal injury in vitro (1992)

Studies with in vitro model systems suggest that at least part of the neurologic deficits of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated cognitive/motor complex may stem from neuronal injury mediated by the HIV-1 coat protein gp120. Concurrent activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is also necessary for gp120 to induce neuronal damage. We studied memantine, a drug that blocks NMDA receptor-operated ion channels, for possible protective effects from gp120-induced neuronal injury. In identified rat retinal ganglion cells in culture, we found that 2 microM memantine completely prevented the injury engendered by 20 pM gp120. These data suggest that memantine has therapeutic potential as an NMDA antagonist capable of ameliorating neuronal damage associated with gp120.
Association of a Bovine Prion Gene Haplotype with Atypical BSE (2008)

This result suggests that a genetic determinant in or near PRNP may influence susceptibility of cattle to atypical BSE.
Mechanical end joint for structural columns (1980)

Connector for tubular struts permits construction of lightweight frames without tools or assembly equipment. Two main components are node fitting and strut element. Components are aleaned approximately and pushed together. Design accommodates reasonable axial and rotational misalignment of nodes and struts. Also, individual columns can be inserted into receptacle and given slight push by operator, trigger pins release ratchet, allowing energy stored in springs to rotate screw into nut in receptacle.
Monolithic multichannel detector amplifier arrays and circuit (1990)

Abstract : An integrated planar, single-channel, photodetector-amplifier device is disclosed. The single-channel device includes a photodetector layer and an amplifier layer above the photodetector layer. The photodetector layer is low-doped to give a low dark current and is sufficiently thick to give a high quantum efficiency. The amplifier layer is of a smaller thickness and is more highly doped material than the photodetector layer, to provide an amplifier having high gain. An insulating layer is included between the photodetector and amplifier layers for electrically isolating the photodetector and amplifier layers. The layers are fabricated on a substrate. Isolation regions are also included for electrically laterally isolating a photodetector, amplifier, and other circuit components comprising the single channel device from each other. Keywords: Patents, PAT-CL-357-30. (JES)
Quantum Key Distribution Network and its Applications (2018)

We present the fundamental architecture and functions of quantum key distribution (QKD) network that support multiple applications. As applications on the QKD network, we introduce a quantum key distribution-advanced encryption standard (QKD-AES) hybrid system and an encrypted smartphone system.
High-power mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (2006)

Our simulations project that the optimum number of cascading stages for an interband cascade laser operating cw at ambient temperature falls between 8 and 15, depending on the internal loss. In the present study, we fabricated and characterized ICLs with 5-15 stages and emitting at 3.2-3.5 μm. The growth of these type-II antimonide/arsenide structures with “W” active regions was on a Riber Compact 21T MBE system. Most of the devices were etched into 140-μm-wide ridges, with 100-μm-wide metal contact strips deposited in the middle, and operated epitaxial-side-up. Initial devices displayed lasing thresholds as low as 12 A/cm at 78 K, series resistances as low as 0.21 mΩ·cm, and voltage efficiencies as high as 96%. Cavitylength studies on a series of ICLs with 5, 10, and 15 stages determined that the internal efficiencies at 78 K were ≈ 80% in all cases, while the internal losses were 16, 27, and 37 cm, respectively. Our simulations of optimized devices project losses no higher than those of singlestage “W” diodes (≈ 7 cm). Some of the ICLs reached pulsed operating temperatures as high as 300 K. A 5-stage device with a cavity length of Lcav = 1.0 mm and HR/AR-coated facets displayed a maximum cw output power of 780 mW and wallplug efficiency of 21% at T = 78 K. A sister device with a 3-mm-long cavity produced >1.1 W of cw output power at 78 K. Higher powers and efficiencies are expected once the internal loss has been minimized, and once epitaxial-side down heatsinking or gold electro-plating is employed.
Sources, production and commercial applications of fungal chitosan: A review (2022)

Chitosan is a type of biopolymer that can be obtained from animal/marine sources, and it can also be extracted or produced from agriculture waste products like mushroom or different fungal sources after the chitin deacetylation. Depending on the size of mushroom farm, the amount of waste ranges between 5% and 20% of the production volume. The cell wall of the filamentous fungi, a good source of chitin, offers an easy way to extract chitin. The physicochemical characteristics such as molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of fungal chitosan can be controlled compared to chitosan obtained from crustacean sources. Fungal sourced chitosan can be used in food, pharmaceutical or biomedical applications for different applications, for example, as an antimicrobial agent, coating material, water purification or bio-pesticide. This review mainly focused on the extraction of chitin from mushroom or different fungal sources and also showed some applications of commercial chitosan products.
Inverse consistent registration with object boundary constraints (2005)

This paper describes our preliminary work on developing a new inverse consistent image registration algorithm that registers objects of interest in the images rather than the entire image. It is assumed that the boundary of an object or region-of-interest (ROI) in the template and target images are given as input to the image registration algorithm. The object/ROI boundaries and the intensity inside the boundaries are jointly registered while minimizing the inverse consistency error. The inverse consistency error is minimized when the forward and reverse transformations between two images are inverses of each other. This new registration algorithm is formulated in a Eulerian coordinate system giving a common coordinate system representation for both the boundary and regional parameterizations of the transformation. This new algorithm provides computational advantages compared to matching entire images and provides an efficient means to incorporate boundary conditions into intensity driven image registration.
VUV optical coatings for the next-generation micro-mechanical mirrors (2005)

This paper deals with vacuum UV optical coatings for micro mirrors applications. High reflecting low-stress optical coatings for the next-generation of micro mechanical mirrors have been developed. The optimized metal systems are applicable for the VUV spectral region and can be integrated in the technology of MOEMS, such as spatial light modulators (SLM) and micro scanning mirrors.
Comprehensive message control and assurance with the secure email transport protocol (2004)

Conventional email communications suffer from a myriad of vulnerabilities due to the inherent security shortcomings of SMTP. Various attributes of messages may be vulnerable to falsification, interception, and/or modification. Messages face threats from both network intruders as well as legitimate communicating parties. SETP mitigates the threats by combining a variety of security techniques into a unified system that provides the basic properties of privacy, data integrity verification, and non-repudiation. SETP goes beyond these basic assurances and also provides proof of delivery using certified timestamps, and message lifetime control using a custom-designed message key management protocol. The salient feature of SETP is its innovative addressing scheme that allows several email users to share a single transport-level email address and mailbox, providing message flow confidentiality. Every individual user can reliably retrieve their own messages from the mailbox while being restricted from compromising messages destined for any other user.
Hand-guided qualitative deflectometry with a mobile device (2020)

We introduce a system that exploits the screen and front-facing camera of a mobile device to perform three-dimensional deflectometry-based surface measurements. In contrast to current mobile deflectometry systems, our method can capture surfaces with large normal variation and wide field of view (FoV). We achieve this by applying automated multi-view panoramic stitching algorithms to produce a large FoV normal map from a hand-guided capture process without the need for external tracking systems, like robot arms or fiducials. The presented work enables 3D surface measurements of specular objects 'in the wild' with a system accessible to users with little to no technical imaging experience. We demonstrate high-quality 3D surface measurements without the need for a calibration procedure. We provide experimental results with our prototype Deflectometry system and discuss applications for computer vision tasks such as object detection and recognition.
Toward Cost-Sensitive Modeling for Intrusion Detection (2000)

Intrusion detection systems need to maximize security while minimizing costs. In this paper, we study the problem of building cost-sensitive intrusion detection models. We examine the major cost factors: development costs, operational costs, damage costs incurred due to intrusions, and the costs involved in responding to intrusions. We propose cost-sensitive machine learning techniques to produce models that are optimized for user-defined cost metrics. We describe an automated approach for generating efficient run-time versions of these models. Empirical experiments in off-line analysis and real-time detection show that our cost-sensitive modeling and deployment techniques are effective in reducing the overall cost of intrusion detection.
<i>In vitro</i> pancreas formation from <i>Xenopus</i> ectoderm treated with activin and retinoic acid (2000)

In the present study, isolated presumptive ectoderm from Xenopus blastula was treated with activin and retinoic acid to induce differentiation into pancreas. The presumptive ectoderm region of the blastula consists of undifferentiated cells and is fated to become epidermis and neural tissue in normal development. When the region is isolated and cultured in vitro, it develops into atypical epidermis. Isolated presumptive ectoderm was treated with activin and retinoic acid. The ectoderm frequently differentiated into pancreas-like structures accompanied by an intestinal epithelium-like structure. Sections of the explants viewed using light and electron microscopy showed some cells clustered and forming an acinus-like structure, including secretory granules. The pancreas-specific molecular markers insulin and XIHbox8 were also expressed in the treated explants. The pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, were detected in the explants using immunohistochemistry. Therefore, sequential treatment with activin and retinoic acid can induce presumptive ectoderm to differentiate into a morphological and functional pancreas in vitro. When ectoderm was immediately treated with retinoic acid after treatment with activin, well-differentiated pronephric tubules were seen in a few of the differentiated pancreases. Treatment with retinoic acid 3-5 h after activin treatment induced frequent pancreatic differentiation. When the time lag was longer than 15h, the explants developed into axial mesoderm and pharynx. The present study provides an effective system for analyzing pancreas differentiation in vertebrate development.
A multiplex quantitative real time PCR to detect Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.allii from onion seeds : [P2-26] (2010)

Bacterial blight of onion is a seed-borne emerging disease threatening world onion production, and causing damage to other Allium crops. Its causal agent, #Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Allii# (Xaa) is listed in quarantine European and Mediterranean Protection Plant Organization (EPPO) A1 list since 2009. The development of a reliable tool is necessary to manage Xaa spreading via international seed trade. We developed a triplex quantitative real-time PCR capable of detecting Xaa using the Taqman® technology. This quantitative PCR targets two markers specific from Xaa (1) and an internal control chosen in NADH dehydrogenase from Alliaceae. The multiplex real-time PCR was assayed on a large collection of Xaa strains isolated worldwide and pathogenic to onion or to other Allium species. Xaa strains were detected by the amplification of one or both of the two specific markers. In case of poor or no amplification of these Xaa markers, the internal control signal validates both the extraction process and the reaction itself. Specificity was assayed on 80 Xaa strains, and 120 non target strains belonging to other #X. axonopodis# pathovars including strains from the same #X. axonopodis# subgroup 9.2 sensu Rademaker, other species, other genera, and saprophytic strains isolated from onion seed and plants. We obtained standard curves with high correlation coefficients (r2> 0,99) and amplification efficiencies of more than 90% on bacterial suspension (107 to 103 CFU/ml), and efficiencies of more than 80% from seed macerate, allowing the detection of 5.103 to 5.107 CFU/g for seed artificially inoculated with Xaa strains. We successfully detected both bacterial DNA and internal control DNA from plant by performing two successive steps: homogenization of a seed macerate with a stomacher®, followed by DNA extraction using DNeasy Plant minikit (Qiagen). We are currently validating our assay on naturally contaminated seed lots. This tool would be useful for the international sanitary surveillance of seed exchanges.
Discovery of Transition State Factor Xa Inhibitors as Potential Anticoagulant Agents (2001)

Factor Xa is an attractive biological target in the discovery and development of either parenteral or orally active anticoagulant agents. Several strategies have been utilized at COR Therapeutics in the pursuit of tri-peptide based transition state mimetic factor Xa inhibitors with high aqueous solubility. Some of these inhibitors have displayed excellent in vitro potency in inhibiting factor Xa in the prothrombinase complex. More importantly, these compounds showed strong in vivo antithrombotic efficacy without significant bleeding complications in several animal thrombosis models. These results demonstrated that small molecule factor Xa inhibitors could be advantageous over Warfarin and LMWH. For the discovery and development of orally active anticoagulant agents, small organic molecules as reversible factor Xa inhibitors were explored. From a medicinal chemistry perspective, significant insight has been gained regarding the in vivo antithrombotic efficacy and pharmacokinetic behaviors of each class of factor Xa inhibitors. This review will focus on the design and discovery of transition state factor Xa inhibitors as potential parenteral anticoagulant agents. Several excellent comprehensive review articles on factor Xa inhibitors have appeared recently [1-4].
New Photochromic 10′-Substituted Spiro[Indoline-Naphthoxazines] (1997)

Abstract New photochromic 10′-substituted spiro[indoline-naphthoxazines] were synthesized and spectrokinetic parameters determined. Introduction of a substituent on the 10-position have no significant influence on maximum wavelength absorption but the fading rate constant is highly increased. According to semi-empirical calculation, this behavior could be due to steric hindrance occuring, on the open form, between the methyl group linked on the indolinic nitrogen and the 10′-substituent.