gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Infusion with Cold Saline Decreased Postoperative Intra‐abdominal Adhesion Formation: Letter to the Editor (2010)

We read with interest the article by Fang et al. [1] demonstrating that peritoneal infusion with cold saline for 30 min after surgery decreased adhesion formation in a mouse model. These results indeed confirm our data demonstrating that, in a laparoscopic mouse model, adhesion formation decreases with hypothermia [2]. The data are, moreover, consistent with our observation in mice that intraperitoneal temperatures higher than 37 C increase adhesion formation [3], as had already been observed after irrigation with saline warmer than 37 C [4]. We would be most interested to have some additional information. From the article by Fang et al., it is unclear what the impact of cold saline infusion was upon body temperature of the mice; i.e., to what extent the infusion with cold saline affects the superficial layers, the abdominal cavity, or the entire body. We also were intrigued by the results of cytokines which are nice, but difficult to judge without standard deviations. Moreover we were surprised that some effects lasted for more than 7 days, although it is generally believed that peritoneal repair is completed by postoperative day 7. Also group III is intriguing. Because we know that desiccation occurs when the abdomen is left open, this can be assumed to be the driving mechanism of the increase of adhesions and of the changes in cytokines observed. Therefore, we wonder whether the authors observed any changes in the mesothelium indicating desiccation. Their data do, however, confirm that the peritoneal cavity is a cofactor in adhesion formation at the level of the surgical trauma [5]. Surprisingly, also in open surgery, Fang et al. did not see de novo adhesions, thus confirming our observations in a laparoscopic mouse model. The time courses of the cytokine concentrations in group IV (desiccation only; no surgical trauma) and group III (desiccation ? surgical trauma) are intriguing in that opening the abdomen (and desiccation) induced such an increase in adhesions, yet affected cytokines only slightly. In conclusion, we appreciate the promising results that expand to open surgery our observations that in laparoscopy temperature affects adhesion formation.
MassSQUIRM (2011)

In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones and is condensed into chromatin. Post-translational modification of histones can result in changes in gene expression. One of the most well-studied histone modifications is the methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). This residue can be mono-, di- or tri-methylated and these varying methylation states have been associated with different levels of gene expression. Understanding exactly what the purpose of these methylation states is, in terms of gene expression, has been a topic of much research in recent years. Enzymes that can add (methyltransferases) and remove (demethylases) these modifications are of particular interest. The first demethylase discovered, LSD1, is the most well-classified and has been implicated in contributing to human cancers and to DNA damage response pathways. Currently, there are limited methods for accurately studying the activity of demethylases in vitro or in vivo. In this work, we present MassSQUIRM (mass spectrometric quantitation using isotopic reductive methylation), a quantitative method for studying the activity of demethylases capable of removing mono- and di-methyl marks from lysine residues. We focus specifically on LSD1 due to its potential as a prime therapeutic target for human disease. This quantitative approach will enable better characterization of the activity of LSD1 and other chromatin modifying enzymes in vitro, in vivo or in response to inhibitors.
Low-Thermal-Expansion Polycrystalline Zirconyl Phosphate Ceramic (1989)

Ceramics with high-strength and low-thermal-expansion-coefficient was prepared from (ZrO)2P2O7. Overfiring reduced the strength, because the extensive grain growth developed microcracks due to the thermal expansion anisotropy of the crystal. The effects of additives on the densification and grain growth were studied at high temperature. Above 1500°C, the densification was promoted by adding TiO2. The maximum strength of this ceramic was about 50MPa. SiO2 was effective in suppressing grain growth responsible for the microcracking. Thus, a ceramic which has a strength of 150MPa was obtained by adding SiO2 together with sintering aid such as MgO and Nb2O5 even after firing at 1500°C. Composites in the system (ZrO)2P2O7-ZrSiO4 with TiO2 additive had the strength of 200MPa and thermal expansion coefficient from 1.7 to 4.0×10-6/°C.
RECOVIR: An application package to automatically identify some single stranded RNA viruses using capsid protein residues that uniquely distinguish among these viruses (2007)

This study shows implementation of an automated method to identify virus strains using databases of capsid residues. The method is implemented to detect strains of caliciviruses and picornaviruses, two of the most highly divergent ssRNA virus families, and therefore, especially difficult to identify using a uniform method. It is feasible to incorporate the approach into classification schemes of caliciviruses and picornaviruses and to extend the approach to recognize and classify other ssRNA virus families.
Estimation of formation horizontal stress magnitudes using radial profiles of shear slownesses (2009)

A new inversion algorithm yields estimates of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses using radial profiles of the three shear moduli referred to an orthogonal set of axes defined by the three principal stress directions. This algorithm inverts differences in the far‐field shear moduli together with two difference equations obtained from the radial profiles of the dipole shear moduli and , and borehole stresses in the near‐wellbore region. Outputs from this inversion algorithm includes the maximum and minimum horizontal stress magnitudes, and an acoustoelastic parameter expressed in terms of two rock nonlinear constants referred to a local reference state. Difference equations in the shear moduli use radial positions away from the borehole surface that do not exhibit any plastic deformation. Results for estimated horizontal stress magnitudes obtained in a Piceance basin well are consistent with the post‐fracture microseismic data suggesting nearly isotropic horizontal stresses in a sand interval.
The future of computing — Arithmetic circuits implemented with memristors (2017)

Memristors are non-volatile memory elements. The application of memristors in logic operations have recently gained importance and are being investigated. In applications like mem-computing, where memory acts both as a site for storing data and logic computations, memristors provide a promising future. The work presented in this paper describes multiple techniques of using memristors to build array multipliers. We present designs based on material implication, MAD and current mirror logic and provide a comparative analysis of the described techniques in the context of array multipliers. Metrics like area and latency are compared to previous works.
Purification and characterization of a highly enantioselective epoxide hydrolase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1999)

The epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger was purified to homogeneity using a four-step procedure and p-nitrostyrene oxide (pNSO) as substrate. The enzyme was purified 246-fold with 4% activity yield. The protein is a tetramer composed of four identical subunits of molecular mass 45 kDa. Maximum activity was observed at 40 degrees C, pH 7.0, and with dimethylformamide as cosolvent to dissolve pNSO. Hydrolysis of pNSO was highly enantioselective, with an E value (i.e. enantiomeric ratio) of 40 and a high regioselectivity (97%) for the less hindered carbon atom of the epoxide. This enzyme may be a good biocatalyst for the preparation of enantiopure epoxides or diols.
Phosphinic Acid Based Linkers: Building Blocks in Metal–Organic Framework Chemistry (2018)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a chemically and topologically diverse family of materials composed of inorganic nodes and organic linkers bound together by coordination bonds. Presented here are two significant innovations in this field. The first is the use of a new coordination group, phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) (PBPA), a phosphinic acid analogue of the commonly used terephtalic acid. Use of this new linker group leads to the formation of a hydrothermally stable and permanently porous MOF structure. The second innovation is the application of electron-diffraction tomography, coupled with dynamic refinement of the EDT data, to the elucidation of the structure of the new material, including the localization of hydrogen atoms.
Assessment of the antitumor activity of leech (huridinaria manillensis) saliva extract in prostate cancer. (2015)

e16120 Background: Ancient traditional physicians from many countries used leeching to treat a wide range of diseases for thousands of years. Leech saliva contains a large number of peptides and proteins, which have anti-thrombotic, antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-metastatic activities. Currently, leech therapy has an established role as an important tool in microsurgery, reconstructive surgery and salvage of grafted tissues. Methods: LSE IC50 was determined in-vitro in five prostate cancer cell lines using MTS cell viability assay. In-vivoefficacy of LSE was determined in LNCaP and 22RV-1 in nude mice xenograft models. Castrated tumor bearing mice were divided into four groups of 6-8 each. Mice were subcutaneously injected with either LSE (5 mg/kg) once a week, LSE (5 mg/kg) twice a week, docetaxel (10 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a week for four weeks. PSA, tumor volume, and weight were measured periodically. Results: In-vitro, LSE induced cell death in a panel of five prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo studies showed that LSE once and twice weekly regimens both caused significant decrease in PSA and tumor volume compared to control with no significant difference from docetaxel treated group. Interestingly, once weekly treatment was associated with significant weight gain (due to good dietary intake) at several time points. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) showed significant decrease in P21and Ki-67 expression in the LSE treated mice compared to the control group in the LNCaP model. Active caspase-3 was increased at once and twice weekly doses in both models confirming the pro-apoptotic properties of LSE.. Transcriptome analysis of tumor samples showed that LSE had significant immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, along with significant effects on cell-cell adhesion, induction of glutathione transferase, inhibition of certain growth factors, and modulating several transcription factors. Conclusions: LSE has significant in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity with no apparent side effects. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its ability to inhibit cellular proliferation, induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle through its modulation of immunity, cell-cell adhesion, and inflammation.
In silico design of selective high affinity ligands to block CD81-Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites interaction (2012)

Background and Objectives: Around one million deaths result from malaria each year worldwide. The infection starts by the inoculation of sporozoites by female Anopheles mosquito into the host. The mechanism of invasion of sporozoites into the host is not clear to date. CD81 is considered the only host receptor to be significant for the invasion of sporozoites. The aim of the first phase of this project is to identify potential ligands that binds with high affinity to the residues in CD81 involved in CD81-malaria sporozoites interaction in silico, use them to generate selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) and use these SHALs to inhibit the interaction of CD81-sporozoites, thus preventing progression of malaria infection. Methods and Results: AutoDockTools 1.5.6 was used to prepare the crystal structures of the CD81-LEL protein (1G8Q) by deleting water molecules, adding polar hydrogens, and assigning Gasteiger charges and to create a grid bounding box, which provided the desired grid parameter file using 0.375 A spacing. Autoligand, an AutoDock tool, was used to identify several binding sites on CD81. Fill points were created using a 1 A grid, and the calculations were performed using 10 to 210 fill points. AutoDock 4.2 was used to screen 30,000 ligands obtained from different libraries (NCI_DSII and Asinex) to identify small molecules that might bind to each site. The docking results were analyzed and virtual screening hits for each binding site on CD81-LEL were ranked according to selection criteria required for the design of promising SHALs. Distances between pairs of bound ligands were estimated and used to design several SHALs that should bind selectively to CD81. Conclusion: New computational tools have been used to design in silico several SHAL-based inhibitors that have the potential to prevent entry of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites into hepatocytes and thus malaria infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2‐Alkyl‐3‐(4‐dialkylaminoalkoxy‐benzoyl)thieno[3,2‐c]pyridines. (1984)

Abstract Die durch Kondensation des Ticlopidins (I) mit Aldehyden (II) und anschließende Reduktion der Carbinole (III) erhaltenen C‐alkylierten Thienopyridine (IV) werden in 3‐Stellung acyliert und durch Pyrolyse in Diphenyloxid debenzyliert.
Multi-frequency resonant clocks (2015)

Clock distribution networks consume a significant portion of total chip power in high-performance designs. Resonant clocks are one proposed method to lower this power in modern designs as well as a fewer required clock buffers. Recent resonant solutions are limited to optimal performance at one particular frequency which is problematic since dynamic frequency scaling is often used to lower overall system power. This paper introduces the first scheme to produce a clock distribution network with a tunable resonant frequency. Experimental results show the resonant frequency ranges from 1.2GHz to 2.6GHz while saving up to 41% of the power on the clock distribution network when compared to the non-resonant distribution.
Effects of Dapagliflozin in Asian Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction in DAPA-HF (2022)

Dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, reduced the risk of worsening HF events and cardiovascular death to the same extent in Asian patients as elsewhere. (Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure [DAPA-HF]; NCT03036124).
A general strategy to optimize immunogenicity of HLA-B*0702 restricted cryptic peptides from tumor associated antigens: Design of universal neo-antigen like tumor vaccines for HLA-B*0702 positive patients (2016)

Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) are the privileged targets of almost all the cancer vaccines tested to date. Unfortunately all these vaccines failed to show a clinical efficacy. The main reason for this failure is the immune tolerance to TAAs that are self-proteins expressed by normal and cancer cells. Self-tolerance to TAAs is directed against their dominant rather than against their cryptic epitopes. The best way to overcome self-tolerance to TAAs would therefore be to target their cryptic epitopes. However, because of their low HLA-I affinity, cryptic peptides are non-immunogenic and cannot be used to stimulate an antitumor immune response unless their immunogenicity has been previously enhanced. In this paper we describe a general approach to enhance immunogenicity of almost all the HLA-B*0702 restricted cryptic peptides derived from TAAs. It consists in substituting residues at position 1 or 9 of low HLA-B*0702 affinity cryptic peptides by an Alanine or a Leucine respectively. These substitutions increase affinity of peptides for HLA-B*0702. These optimized cryptic peptides are strongly immunogenic and very importantly CTL they stimulate recognize their native counterparts.TAAs derived optimized cryptic peptides can be considered as universal antitumor vaccine since they escape self-tolerance, are immunogenic and are not patient specific.
Pregnancy Outcome after Exposure to Migalastat for Fabry Disease: A Clinical Report (2019)

Our patient was a 37-year-old woman with Fabry disease ( GLA p.R112H) with a medical history of recurrent headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and tobacco use (20 cigarettes/day). Fabry disease was diagnosed in 2005 when she experienced proteinuria, preeclampsia, and hypertension (201/130 mm Hg) during pregnancy (delivered 50 cm, 3.4 kg healthy boy; GLA wild type [WT]). Enzyme replacement therapy was initiated in 2009. The patient enrolled in the phase 3 ATTRACT trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01218659 ) and started migalastat in May 2012 while taking hormonal contraceptives. Two years after initiating migalastat, the patient had proteinuria (2166 mg/24 h) without hypertension (131/68 mm Hg), which persisted (788 mg/24 h a month later). Kidney biopsy results were consistent with existing Fabry disease. A serum pregnancy test and ultrasound confirmed pregnancy (18 weeks’ gestation). Migalastat and hormonal contraceptives were stopped; the patient continued to smoke. Fetal MRI was normal at ~29 weeks’ gestation. In October 2014, at 37+ weeks’ gestation, the patient delivered a 45-cm, 2.29-kg healthy girl ( GLA WT). Excepting low birth weight, which may be related to the patient’s smoking, pregnancy outcome was normal despite exposure to migalastat for 18 weeks. Migalastat therapy during pregnancy is not advised.
The margin of safety of a single application of transdermal fentanyl solution when administered at multiples of the therapeutic dose to laboratory dogs (2012)

Previous studies have demonstrated that a single, topical application of a novel, long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution provides analgesic fentanyl concentrations for at least 4 days. The objective of this study was to describe the margin of safety following application at multiples of the therapeutic dose. Twenty-four laboratory dogs were administered a single placebo or 1×, 3×, or 5× multiple of the dose of 2.6 mg/kg (50 μL/kg) to the ventral abdominal skin and observed for 14 days. Plasma fentanyl concentrations increased in proportion to dose. Adverse reactions in the 1× group were transient and included a low prevalence (≤ 33%) of mild sedation, reduced food intake, modest weight loss, and minimal reductions in heart rate and rectal temperature. Moderate to severe sedation emerged in the 3× and 5× groups, which was associated with a dose-limiting reduction in food and water intake, necessitating maintenance fluid replacement for the first 2 days following application. Also observed in the higher-dose groups were an increased prevalence of abnormal stools and transient lens opacities. All abnormal health observations were completely resolved prior to necropsy on day 14, and there were no histological abnormalities identified. These data support the safe use of the 1× dose and describe the outcome of an overdose of up to 5× dose in the absence of opioid reversal.
Propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)–phenylene copolymers allow a yellow-to-transmissive electrochrome (2011)

In order to create multicolour displays using electrochromic (EC) technologies, the modulation of the intensity of three primary subtractive colours (red, yellow, blue, or cyan, magenta, yellow) could be used to express any colour in the spectrum. Herein we report the first cathodically colouring yellow-to-transmissive switching EC polymer, which completes a full colour palette and promises to fulfil the requirements necessary to create multicolour EC displays.
Mutation assay in diploid human lymphoblasts: methodological aspects. (1981)

The protocol for a recently developed quantitative assay for mutation at the hgprt locus of human lymphoblasts is presented. Practical problems affecting ease of performance and reliability are discussed with the aim of making the assay available for assessment and possible use in other laboratories.
Diffraction light analysis method for a diffraction grating imaging lens (2014)

We have developed a new method to analyze the amount and distribution of diffraction light for a diffraction grating lens. We have found that diffraction light includes each-order diffraction light and striped diffraction light. In this paper, we describe characteristics of striped diffraction light and suggest a way to analyze diffraction light. Our analysis method, which considers the structure of diffraction grating steps, can simulate the aberrations of an optical system, each-order diffraction light, and striped diffraction light simultaneously with high accuracy. A comparison between the simulation and experimental results is presented, and we also show how our analysis method can be used to optimize a diffraction grating lens with low flare light.
AZT-5′-(<i>p</i>-Bromophenyl Methoxyalaninyl Phosphate) as a Potent and Non-Toxic Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Agent (1999)

The potency and selectivity index of the AZT-phenyl phosphate derivatives in thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient T cells were substantially enhanced by introducing a single para-bromo substitutent in the phenyl moiety. AZT-5'-(p-bromophenyl methoxyalaninyl phosphate) was 43-fold more potent than AZT-5'-(phenyl methoxyalaninyl phosphate) and was fivefold more potent than AZT in inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in TK-deficient CEM cells.
Elucidating CO2 Chemisorption in Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

The widespread deployment of carbon capture and sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy could be facilitated by the development of more energy-efficient adsorbents. Diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks of the type diamine–M2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate) have shown promise for carbon capture applications, although questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of CO2 uptake in these materials. Here, we leverage the crystallinity and tunability of this class of frameworks to perform a comprehensive study of CO2 chemisorption. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and van der Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations for thirteen diamine–M2(dobpdc) variants, we demonstrate that the canonical CO2 chemisorption products—ammonium carbamate chains and carbamic acid pairs—can be readily distinguished, and that ammonium carbamate chain formation dominates for diamine–Mg2(dobpdc) materials. In addition, we elucidate a new chemisorption mechanism in the material dmpn Mg2(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane), which involves formation of a 1:1 mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid and accounts for the unusual adsorption properties of this material. Finally, we show that the presence of water plays an important role in directing the mechanisms for CO2 uptake in diamine–M2(dobpdc) materials. Overall, our combined NMR and DFT approach enables a thorough depiction and understanding of CO2 adsorption within diamine–M2(dobpdc) compounds, which may aid similar studies in other amine-functionalized adsorbents in the future.
Spontaneous Formation of an Exfoliated Polystyrene−Clay Nanocomposite Using a Star-Shaped Polymer (2004)

Mixtures of five-arm star polystyrene with an organoclay spontaneously formed exfoliated nanocomposites when annealed, validating a recent theoretical prediction by Singh and Balazs (Polym. Int. 2000, 49, 469.). An analogous linear polystyrene sample produced only an intercalated morphology under the same conditions. The nanocomposite morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest a general strategy for forming exfoliated nanocomposites in commodity polymers via melt compounding.