gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive Psychology, Indian Psychology and Spirituality (2016)

Positive psychology is a relatively new field that examines how ordinary people can become happier and more fulfilled. Positive psychology is a science of positive aspects of human life, such as happiness, well-being and flourishing. Indian psychology is an approach to psychology based on the Indian ethos. Indian Psychology is essentially positive and rooted in the consciousness-based Indian worldview, yoga and a life-affirming spirituality. Human life is a journey of the soul which resides in the human body. Indian psychology highlights the pathway to make this journey easy and the ultimate goal of liberation of the soul (moksha) achievable through yoga, meditation and prayer. Humans are made of the body, mind, intellect, ego and soul and only soul can help to attain ultimate happiness and bliss through spirituality. The present paper is an attempt to explain that both positive psychology and Indian psychology focus on human happiness and their unique strength; and discusses how goals of positive psychology can be achieved through the rich Indian spiritual heritage. Indian psychology and spirituality share a framework that human has enormous potential hidden in its being. Indian scriptures (Vedas, Upanishads, Yoga, Bhagavad Gita) and spiritual practices (Yoga, meditation and prayer) help to discipline the mind to achieve balance, (samyavastha) to overcome the hindrance in the pursuit of happiness and to improve the qualities of different roles we play in our lives. In this way the Indian spiritual practices have important implications for the achievement of goals of Positive Psychology i.e. wisdom and knowledge, courage, humanity, justice and transcendence and makes life worth living.
A Novel Low-Complexity Attention-Driven Composite Model for Speech Enhancement (2021)

Speech exhibits strong dependencies among its samples in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity composite model for speech enhancement (SE) that integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. These two modules take full advantage of the spectral and temporal information of input speech and extract in parallel a complementary set of features. The CNN is enabled to capture non-local spectral information via dilated frequency convolutions. It also incorporates an attention mechanism to recalibrate its weights without imposing considerable additional complexity. A grouping strategy is adopted for LSTM implementation to reduce its complexity while keeping performance almost unchanged. Our composite model is carefully designed to address concerns in real-time applications including limited computational resources, low-latency processing, and causal architecture. Through extensive and comparative simulation studies, it is shown that the proposed model significantly outperforms some other DNN-based SE methods in the recent literature.
Learning to Reason with Relational Video Representation for Question Answering. (2019)

How does machine learn to reason about the content of a video in answering a question? A Video QA system must simultaneously understand language, represent visual content over space-time, and iteratively transform these representations in response to lingual content in the query, and finally arriving at a sensible answer. While recent advances in textual and visual question answering have come up with sophisticated visual representation and neural reasoning mechanisms, major challenges in Video QA remain on dynamic grounding of concepts, relations and actions to support the reasoning process. We present a new end-to-end layered architecture for Video QA, which is composed of a question-guided video representation layer and a generic reasoning layer to produce answer. The video is represented using a hierarchical model that encodes visual information about objects, actions and relations in space-time given the textual cues from the question. The encoded representation is then passed to a reasoning module, which in this paper, is implemented as a MAC net. The system is evaluated on the SVQA (synthetic) and TGIF-QA datasets (real), demonstrating state-of-the-art results, with a large margin in the case of multi-step reasoning.
Cathepsin K Null Mice Show Reduced Adiposity during the Rapid Accumulation of Fat Stores (2007)

Growing evidences indicate that proteases are implicated in adipogenesis and in the onset of obesity. We previously reported that the cysteine protease cathepsin K (ctsk) is overexpressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese individuals. We herein characterized the WAT and the metabolic phenotype of ctsk deficient animals (ctsk-/-). When the growth rate of ctsk-/- was compared to that of the wild type animals (WT), we could establish a time window (5-8 weeks of age) within which ctsk-/-display significantly lower body weight and WAT size as compared to WT. Such a difference was not observable in older mice. Upon treatment with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks ctsk-/- gained significantly less weight than WT and showed reduced brown adipose tissue, liver mass and a lower percentage of body fat. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and leptin were significantly lower in HFD-fed-ctsk-/- as compared to HFD-fed WT animals. Adipocyte lipolysis rates were increased in both young and HFD-fed-ctsk-/-, as compared to WT. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 activity, was higher in mitochondria isolated from the WAT of HFD treated ctsk-/- as compared to WT. Together, these data indicate that ctsk ablation in mice results in reduced body fat content under conditions requiring a rapid accumulation of fat stores. This observation could be partly explained by an increased release and/or utilization of FFA and by an augmented ratio of lipolysis/lipogenesis. These results also demonstrate that under a HFD, ctsk deficiency confers a partial resistance to the development of dyslipidemia.
Mutually Exclusive Interaction of a Novel Matrix Attachment Region Binding Protein and the NF-μNR Enhancer Repressor (1995)

The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) intronic enhancer stimulates transcription from functional promoters in B lymphocytes but not other cell types. The observation that binding sites for the nuclear factor-mu negative regulator (NF-muNR) enhancer repressor overlap nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) in this enhancer has lead to the hypothesis that the cell type specificity of the enhancer might be controlled by regulating nuclear matrix attachment (Scheuermann, R. H., and Chen, U. (1989) Genes & Dev. 3, 1255-1266). To understand the role of MARs in IgH enhancer regulation, we have identified a novel MAR-binding protein, MAR-BP1, from soluble nuclear matrix preparations based on its ability to bind to the MARs associated with the IgH enhancer. Purified MAR-BP1 migrates as a 33-kDa protein, and it can be found in nuclear matrix preparations from a number of different types of lymphoid cell lines. Although specific binding sites have been difficult to localize by chemical or enzymatic footprinting procedures, NF-muNR binding sites are critical for efficient MAR-BP1 binding. Indeed, binding of the IgH enhancer to either intact nuclear matrix preparations or to MAR-BP1 is mutually exclusive to NF-muNR binding. These results are consistent with a model for cell-type specific regulation in which binding of the NF-muNR repressor to the IgH enhancer prevents nuclear matrix attachment in inappropriate cells by interfering with MAR-BP1/enhancer interaction.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (1993)

Modern treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms began in Paris on March 29, 1951, when Dubost performed the first successful aortic resection for aneurysm1. The following year American vascular surgeons duplicated Dubost's feat and established aortic reconstruction as the treatment of choice. Today, few dispute that all aneurysms of a predefined size should be repaired unless strong contraindications are present.This review addresses the contemporary knowledge and management of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. It does not discuss infected aneurysms, thoracoabdominal and pararenal aneurysms, anastomotic aneurysms, or aortic dissections. An aneurysm is defined as a focal dilation of the aorta involving . . .
Entry versus Blockade of Brain Infection following Oral or Intraperitoneal Scrapie Administration: Role of Prion Protein Expression in Peripheral Nerves and Spleen (2000)

Naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle are probably transmitted by oral or other peripheral routes of infection. While prion protein (PrP) is required for susceptibility, the mechanism of spread of infection to the brain is not clear. Two prominent possibilities include hematogenous spread by leukocytes and neural spread by axonal transport. In the present experiments, following oral or intraperitoneal infection of transgenic mice with hamster scrapie strain 263K, hamster PrP expression in peripheral nerves was sufficient for successful infection of the brain, and cells of the spleen were not required either as a site of amplification or as transporters of infectivity. The role of tissue-specific PrP expression of foreign PrP in interference with scrapie infection was also studied in these transgenic mice. Peripheral expression of heterologous PrP completely protected the majority of mice from clinical disease after oral or intraperitoneal scrapie infection. Such extensive protection has not been seen in earlier studies on interference, and these results suggested that gene therapy with mutant PrP may be effective in preventing TSE diseases.
Immunomodulation and Safety of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (2005)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects children. Topical corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment since the late 1950s. While providing excellent short-term efficacy, topical corticosteroid usage is limited by potential adverse effects, including impairment of the function and viability of Langerhans cells/dendritic cells. The recently introduced topical calcineurin inhibitors pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel) and tacrolimus ointment 0.03 and 0.1% (Protopic) exhibit a more selective mechanism of action and do not affect Langerhans cells/dendritic cells. For the immune system of young children 'learning' to mount a balanced Th1/Th2 response, this selective effect has particular benefits. In clinical experience, topical calcineurin inhibitors have been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to topical corticosteroids in almost 7 million patients (>5 million on pimecrolimus; >1.7 million on tacrolimus). Topical pimecrolimus is primarily used in children with mild and moderate AD, whereas tacrolimus is used preferentially in more severe cases. None of the topical calcineurin inhibitors have been associated with systemic immunosuppression-related malignancies known to occur following long-term sustained systemic immunosuppression with oral immunosuppressants (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, and corticosteroids) in transplant patients. Preclinical and clinical data suggest a greater skin selectivity and larger safety margin for topical pimecrolimus.
Identification of the Partitioning Site within the <i>repABC-</i> Type Replicon of the Composite <i>Paracoccus versutus</i> Plasmid pTAV1 (2001)

The replicator region of composite plasmid pTAV1 of Paracoccus versutus (included in mini-replicon pTAV320) belongs to the family of repABC replicons commonly found in plasmids harbored by Agrobacterium and Rhizobium spp. The repABC replicons encode three genes clustered in an operon, which are involved in partitioning (repA and repB) and replication (repC). In order to localize the partitioning site of pTAV320, the two identified incompatibility determinants of this mini-replicon (inc1, located in the intergenic sequence between repB and repC; and inc2, situated downstream of the repC gene) were PCR amplified and used together with purified RepB fusion protein (homologous to the type B partitioning proteins binding to the partitioning sites) in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The protein bound only inc2, forming two complexes in a protein concentration-dependent manner. The inc2 region contains two long (14-bp) repeated sequences (R1 and R2). Disruption of these sequences completely eliminates RepB binding ability. R1 and R2 have sequence similarities with analogous repeats of another repABC replicon of plasmid pPAN1 of Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 82.5 and with centromeric sequences of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Excess RepB protein resulted in destabilization of the inc2-containing plasmid in Escherichia coli. On the other hand, the inc2 region could stabilize another unstable replicon in P. versutus when RepA and RepB were delivered in trans, proving that this region has centromere-like activity. Thus, it was demonstrated that repA, repB, and inc2 constitute a functional system for active partitioning of pTAV320.
Multiple sampling digital boxcar integrator, an efficient signal averager (1981)

A digital boxcar integrator of multiple sampling type which has a maximum sampling rate of 10 MByte/s has been developed. The efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of the number of sampling pulses applied during each cycle of a signal waveform to the total number of sampling points needed to cover a cycle of signal waveform, has been improved to 25% for a sampling time duration of 25 ns. The accumulation of a sampled signal at such a high rate has been accomplished by the parallel operation of 16 newly developed memory circuit blocks, each having arithmetic capability. As a demonstration, the present system was applied in optical coherent transient spectroscopy and shown to be far more efficient than a conventional boxcar integrator.
Prognostic assessment of different metastatic lymph node staging methods for gastric cancer after D2 resection (2013)

Neither MLR or LODDS could reduce the staging bias. A sufficient number of tested lymph nodes is key to ensure an accurate prognosis for patients underwent D2 radical gastrectomy.
Role of Corneal Elasticity in Damping of Intraocular Pressure (2007)

Human eye bank corneas demonstrate elasticity ex vivo, with expansion and thinning in response to increases in anterior chamber pressure. These elastic properties may serve as a buffering mechanism for microvolumetric changes in the eye, thus protecting the eye from intraocular pressure surges in vivo.
Open Issues in Secure DNS Deployment (2009)

The domain name system's growth has been unprecedented, but protocol vulnerabilities threaten its stability and trustworthiness. The Internet Engineering Task Force's DNS security extentions specification aims to protect the system from these attacks.
The Physics of Ghost Imaging (2010)

In summary, we may conclude that ghost imaging is the result of quantum interference. Either type-one or type-two, ghost imaging is characterized by a non-factorizable point-topoint image-forming correlation which is caused by constructive-destructive interferences involving the nonlocal superposition of two-photon amplitudes, a nonclassical entity corresponding to different yet indistinguishable alternative ways of producing a joint photodetection event. The interference happens within a pair of photons and at two spatially separated coordinates. The multi-photon interference nature of ghost imaging determines its peculiar features: (1) it is nonlocal; (2) its imaging resolution differs from that of classical; and (3) the type-two ghost image is turbulence-free. Taking advantage of its quantum interference nature, a ghost imaging system may turn a local "bucket" sensor into a nonlocal imaging camera with classically unachievable imaging resolution. For instance, using the Sun as light source for type-two ghost imaging, we may achieve an imaging spatial resolution equivalent to that of a classical imaging system with a lens of 92-meter diameter when taking pictures at 10 kilometers.10 Furthermore, any phase disturbance in the optical path has no influence on the ghost image. To achieve these features the realization of multiphoton interference is necessary.
Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in N-doped graphene materials: Development of highly efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst (2016)

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical to renewable energy conversion and storage technologies. Heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials have been reported to be efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR in fuel cells for energy conversion, as well as ORR and OER in metal-air batteries for energy storage. We reported that metal-free three-dimensional (3D) graphene nanoribbon networks (N-GRW) doped with nitrogen exhibited superb bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for both ORR and OER, with an excellent stability in alkaline electrolytes (for example, KOH). For the first time, it was experimentally demonstrated that the electron-donating quaternary N sites were responsible for ORR, whereas the electron-withdrawing pyridinic N moieties in N-GRW served as active sites for OER. The unique 3D nanoarchitecture provided a high density of the ORR and OER active sites and facilitated the electrolyte and electron transports. As a result, the as-prepared N-GRW holds great potential as a low-cost, highly efficient air cathode in rechargeable metal-air batteries. Rechargeable zinc-air batteries with the N-GRW air electrode in a two-electrode configuration exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 1.46 V, a specific capacity of 873 mAh g(-1), and a peak power density of 65 mW cm(-2), which could be continuously charged and discharged with an excellent cycling stability. Our work should open up new avenues for the development of various carbon-based metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts of practical significance.
Risk Factors for Suboptimal Infant Breastfeeding Behavior, Delayed Onset of Lactation, and Excess Neonatal Weight Loss (2003)

Early lactation success is strongly influenced by parity, but may also be affected by potentially modifiable factors such as delivery mode, duration of labor, labor medications, use of nonbreast milk fluids and/or pacifiers, and maternal overweight. All breastfeeding mother-infant pairs should be evaluated at 72 to 96 hours' postpartum.
Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Human Muscle GLUT4 Protein Content After Immobilization (2001)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle GLUT4 protein content and total creatine and glycogen content during muscle disuse and subsequent training. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed with 22 young healthy volunteers. The right leg of each subject was immobilized using a cast for 2 weeks, after which subjects participated in a 10-week heavy resistance training program involving the knee-extensor muscles (three sessions per week). Half of the subjects received creatine monohydrate supplements (20 g daily during the immobilization period and 15 and 5 g daily during the first 3 and the last 7 weeks of rehabilitation training, respectively), whereas the other 11 subjects ingested placebo (maltodextrine). Muscle GLUT4 protein content and glycogen and total creatine concentrations were assayed in needle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after immobilization and after 3 and 10 weeks of training. Immobilization decreased GLUT4 in the placebo group (-20%, P < 0.05), but not in the creatine group (+9% NS). Glycogen and total creatine were unchanged in both groups during the immobilization period. In the placebo group, during training, GLUT4 was normalized, and glycogen and total creatine were stable. Conversely, in the creatine group, GLUT4 increased by approximately 40% (P < 0.05) during rehabilitation. Muscle glycogen and total creatine levels were higher in the creatine group after 3 weeks of rehabilitation (P < 0.05), but not after 10 weeks of rehabilitation. We concluded that 1) oral creatine supplementation offsets the decline in muscle GLUT4 protein content that occurs during immobilization, and 2) oral creatine supplementation increases GLUT4 protein content during subsequent rehabilitation training in healthy subjects.
Chlorahine-T in Heterocyclic Synthesis;<sup>1</sup> a Simple Procedure for the Genedation of Nitrilihines and its Application to the Synthesis of Pyrazolines (1989)

Abstract A new method of generating nitrilimines is described. It involves the reaction of aromatic as well as aliphatic aldehyde hydrazones with chloramine-T. In the presence of olefins pyrazolines are obtained in good yield.
RollingStone (2018)

We propose using a single slip tactile pixel on virtual reality controllers to produce sensations of finger sliding and textures. When a user moves the controller on a virtual surface, we add a slip opposite to the movement, creating an illusion of a finger that is sliding on the surface, while varying the slip feedback changes lateral forces on fingertip. When coupled with hand motion the lateral forces can be used to create perceptions of artificial textures. RollingStone has been implemented as a prototype VR controller consisting of a ball-based slip display positioned under the user's fingertip. Within the slip display, a pair of motors actuates the ball, which is capable of gener- ating both short- and long-term two-degree-of-freedom slip feedback. An exploratory study was conducted to ensure that changing the relative motion between the finger and the ball could alter the perceptions conveying the properties of a tex- ture. The following two perception-based studies examined the minimum changes in speed of slip and angle of slip that are detectable by users. The results help us to design haptic patterns as well as our prototype applications. Finally, our preliminary user evaluation indicated that participants wel- comed RollingStone as a useful addition to the range of VR controllers.
ESD protection for CMOS ASIC in noisy environments with high-current low-voltage triggering SCR devices (2002)

A practical solution has been proposed to safely apply the LVTSCR (low-voltage-trigger SCR) device for output ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection in the advanced submicron CMOS ASIC's without being accidentally triggered on in the noisy operating environments. By increasing the trigger current of the LVTSCR device up to 200 mA, a noise margin greater than VDD+12V (VSS-12V) against the accidental triggering due to the overshooting (undershooting) noise pulses has been practically confirmed by the experimental results. Due to remaining a lower trigger voltage, this solution can still provide effective ESD protection for output transistors but only occupies a small layout area.
Concentrations of serum amyloid A and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in horses with colic (2005)

Circulating concentrations of SAA were significantly higher at admission in horses with colic attributable to conditions having a primary inflammatory cause (eg, enteritis, colitis, peritonitis, or abdominal abscesses) and were higher in horses that failed to survive the episode of colic, compared with concentrations in horses that survived. Serum concentrations of LBP did not correlate with survival. Analysis of these findings suggests that evaluation of SAA concentrations may be of use in identifying horses with colic attributable to diseases that have inflammation as a primary component of pathogenesis.