gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated dual-wavelength AWG-lasers for millimeter wave generation (2012)

We have designed integrated dual-wavelength lasers in which an array waveguide grating is used as intra-cavity filter to allow lasing on two wavelengths within a common arm of the device. The devices have been designed with the purpose to exploit the beating of the two wavelengths on a photodiode in order to generate a 70GHz carrier wave. Both linear and ring laser configurations have been designed.
An interlaboratory comparison of methods used to assess antioxidant potentials<sup>1</sup> (2006)

Many analytical methods are used to measure the antioxidative activity of substances yet little is known about the comparability of the test results between laboratories. After an initial evaluation of a broad range of methods conducted by one laboratory, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the lipid assay (or 2,2'-azobis(2-aminepropane) (ABAP) assay) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay were selected to be evaluated in the interlaboratory study. The antioxidative potentials of trolox, tocopherol, lipochroman-6, ascorbic acid, 4-methyl-brenzcatechin, and/or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) were assessed using each of the methods. These methods were then evaluated in respect of their reproducibility and classification properties. Based on the results of this study, the DPPH assay followed by the TEAC assay yielded the best results based on reproducibility and sensitivity both within one laboratory and between laboratories. The results of the interlaboratory study were then compared with the single center results obtained from the commercially available photochemolumiescence (PCL) kit. To assess the transferability of chemical data to biological systems, they were also compared with the single center results obtained using the cell-based Dichlorodihydrofluoresceine (DCFH) assay.
Distinct signatures for Coulomb blockade and Aharonov-Bohm interference in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers (2009)

Two distinct types of magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in two electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers of different sizes in the integer quantum Hall regime. Measuring these oscillations as a function of magnetic field and gate voltages, we describe three signatures that distinguish the two types. The oscillations observed in a $2.0\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device are understood to arise from a Coulomb blockade mechanism and those observed in an $18\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device from an Aharonov-Bohm mechanism. This work clarifies, provides ways to distinguish, and demonstrates control over these distinct mechanisms of oscillations seen in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers.
Acute effect of captopril on serum lipid peroxides level in hypertensive patients. (1984)

Captopril, an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered to 15 patients with essential hypertension. The serum lipid peroxides level, aldosterone concentration in plasma and blood pressure decreased rapidly after administration, while plasma renin activity was not significantly changed. It is suggested that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril offers a possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of atherosclerosis complicated with hypertension.
Small sealed Ta crucible for thermal analysis of volatile metallic samples (2006)

Differential thermal analysis on metallic alloys containing volatile elements can be highly problematic. Here we show how measurements can be performed in commercial, small-sample equipment without modification. This is achieved by using a sealed Ta crucible, easily fabricated from Ta tubing and sealed in a standard arc furnace. The crucible performance is demonstrated by measurements on a mixture of Mg and MgB2, after heating up to 1470°C. We also show data, measured on an alloy with composition Gd40Mg60, that clearly show both the liquidus and a peritectic and are consistent with published phase-diagram data.
Converse bounds for noisy group testing with arbitrary measurement matrices (2016)

We consider the group testing problem, in which one seeks to identify a subset of defective items within a larger set of items based on a number of noisy tests. While matching achievability and converse bounds are known in several cases of interest for i.i.d. measurement matrices, less is known regarding converse bounds for arbitrary measurement matrices. We address this by presenting two converse bounds for arbitrary matrices and general noise models. First, we provide a strong converse bound (P[error] → 1) that matches existing achievability bounds in several cases of interest. Second, we provide a weak converse bound (P[error] → 0) that matches existing achievability bounds in greater generality.
Visualization of elephant flows and QoS provisioning in SDN-based networks (2015)

Elephant flows in data center networks have a tendency to utilize a lot of bandwidth, leaving latency-sensitive mice flows choked behind them. This causes degradation of application performance running on the network. Therefore, a data center network should be able to not only identify elephant flows, but also offer Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. SDN makes network operating systems to achieve greater governance of the control plane within a given network. In order to detect elephant flows, we use a framework based on sFlow sampling technology. We show an approach to guarantee QoS that is administered and defined by a centralized network controller by using SDN and specifications offered by OpenFlow. Although there have been efforts in this area over the past but in the scope of this paper, we will only focus on how Traffic Shaping (rate limiting) based classification technique can be used within an SDN network.
Control of seismically excited cable-stayed bridge using a resetting semi-active stiffness damper (2001)

Cable-stayed bridges are prone to exhibit large amplitude oscillations due to the large flexibility, small mass and small inherent damping. Hence, the reduction of seismic or wind-induced vibration of cable-stayed bridges is vital for their safety and serviceability. A resetting semi-active stiffness damper (RSASD) is utilized to control the peak dynamic response of a benchmark problem on cable-stayed bridge subject to earthquakes developed recently by S.J. Dyke et al (2000). The model of the benchmark cable-stayed bridge is based on the actual cable-stayed bridge that is under construction on Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA. The prime aim of the study is to investigate the application of protective devices, such as semi-active and passive dampers, in reducing the displacement of the deck as well as base shear and moments at the base of the towers. In this research, we have investigated the applications of resetting semi-active damper (RSASD) as well as passive viscous and fluid dampers to the benchmark bridge problem. Numerical simulations are conducted by installing RSASD devices as well as passive viscous and friction dampers between the pier and the deck of the bridge. Numerical results clearly indicate that the displacement of the deck, and those of the shear and moment at the base of the towers are reduced substantially by installing these protective devices.
Modeling of High-Pressure Adsorption Using the Bender Equation of State (2002)

A model describing high-pressure adsorption based on the simplified local density model and the Bender equation of state is proposed. The Bender equation of state was used for the description of both bulk and adsorbed fluid. The model is capable of characterizing adsorbent material in terms of structural parameters such as the skeletal density, the micropore volume, and the energy of adsorption. The model was successfully applied to high-pressure adsorption isotherms of nitrogen and methane up to 50 MPa at 40 °C on a series of synthetic carbons and at 25−70 °C on the commercial carbon Norit R1. The structural parameters of the investigated carbons obtained by the proposed method are in good agreement with those obtained by independent methods based on standard and advanced characterization from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K.
Topic identification based extrinsic evaluation of summarization techniques applied to conversational speech (2012)

Document summarization algorithms are most commonly evaluated according to the intrinsic quality of the summaries they produce. An alternate approach is to examine the extrinsic utility of a summary, measured by the ability of the summary to aid a human in the completion of a specific task. In this paper, we use topic identification as a proxy for relevancy determination in the context of an information retrieval task, and a summary is deemed effective if it enables a user to determine the topical content of a retrieved document. We utilize Amazon's Mechanical Turk service to perform a large-scale human study contrasting four different summarization systems applied to conversational speech from the Fisher Corpus. We show that these results appear to be correlated with the performance of an automated topic identification system, and argue that this automated system can act as a low-cost proxy for a human evaluation during the development stages of a summarization system.
Pranlukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Type 1 Receptor Antagonist, Attenuates the Progression but Not the Onset of Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2012)

Pranlukast attenuates the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in the chronic phase but has no effect on the acute inflammatory response or on the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. The antifibrotic effect of pranlukast may be exhibited by antagonizing the direct profibrotic effect of CysLTs, without affecting the expression of other profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1 and TNF-α, and also by decreasing the production of CysLTs and LTB(4).
Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. I. Inhibition of <i>in vitro</i> binding by a component of thoracic duct lymph. (1980)

Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) adhere selectively to HEV when overlaid onto glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections of lymph node. The results presented demonstrate that thoracic duct lymph contains a factor capable of inhibiting this reaction. A crude preparation of inhibitory factor was isolated from cell and chylomicron-free lymph by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation (60 to 80% saturation). Sephacryl S-200 chromatography revealed 4 major peaks. The inhibitory factor was detected in peak I but not in the others. Similarly peak I but not peak II or III inhibited HEV binding of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen. Peak I emerged near aldolase (m.w. 160,000) and was enriched approximately 50-fold compared to the crude preparation. In addition, experiments employing a rabbit peak I antiserum provided evidence that molecules responsible for inhibition were antigenically related to structures present on TDL but not on thymocytes. It is suggested that inhibitory factor possesses an affinity for lymphocyte binding sites of high endothelium and is derived from shed TDL surface components that play a role in adherence to HEV of lymph nodes.
Core‐Shell Biopolymer Nanoparticles Produced by Electrostatic Deposition of Beet Pectin onto Heat‐Denatured β‐Lactoglobulin Aggregates (2008)

The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize core-shell biopolymer particles based on electrostatic deposition of an anionic polysaccharide (beet pectin) onto amphoteric protein aggregates (heat-denatured beta-lactoglobulin [beta-lg]). Initially, the optimum conditions for forming stable protein particles were established by thermal treatment (80 degrees C for 15 min) of 0.5 wt% beta-lg solutions at different pH values (3 to 7). After heating, stable submicron-sized (d=100 to 300 nm) protein aggregates could be formed in the pH range from 5.6 to 6. Core-shell biopolymer particles were formed by mixing a suspension of protein aggregates (formed by heating at pH 5.8) with a beet pectin solution at pH 7 and then adjusting the pH to values where the beet pectin is adsorbed (< pH 6). The impact of pH (3 to 7) and salt concentration (0 to 250 mM NaCl) on the properties of the core-shell biopolymer particles formed was then established. The biopolymer particles were stable to aggregation from pH 4 to 6, but aggregated at lower pH values because they had a relatively small -potential. The biopolymer particles remained intact and stable to aggregation up to 250 mM NaCl at pH 4, indicating that they had good salt stability. The core-shell biopolymer particles prepared in this study may be useful for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive food components or as substitutes for lipid droplets.
<title>Root-mean square error in passive autofocusing and 3D shape recovery</title> (1997)

Image focus analysis is an important technique for passive autofocusing and 3D shape measurement. Electronic noise in digital images introduces errors in this techniques. It is therefore important to derive robust focus measures that minimize error. In our earlier research, we have developed a method for noise sensitivity analysis of focus measures. In this paper we derive explicit expressions for the root-mean square (RMS) error in autofocusing based on image focus analysis. This is motivated by the autofocusing uncertainty measure (AUM) defined earlier by us as a metric for comparing the noise sensitivity of different focus measures in autofocusing and 3D shape-from-focus. The RMS error we derive by us has the same advantage as AUM in that it can be computed in only one trial of autofocusing. We validate our theory on RMS error and AUM through experiments. It is shown that the theoretically estimated and experimentally measured values of the standard deviation of a set of focus measures are in agreement. Our results are based on a theoretical noise sensitivity analysis of focus measures, and they show that for a given camera the optimally accurate focus measure may change from one object to the other depending on their focused images.
Pacing stress echocardiography (2005)

Two-dimensional echocardiography during pacing is a useful tool in the detection of coronary artery disease. Because of its safety and ease of repeatability noninvasive pacing stress echo can be the first-line stress test in patients with permanent pacemaker. The force-frequency can be defined as up- sloping (normal) when the peak stress pacing systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index is higher than baseline and intermediate stress values, biphasic with an initial up- sloping followed by a later down-sloping trend, or flat or negative when peak stress pacing systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index is equal or lower than baseline stress values. This approach is certainly highly feasible and allows a conceptually immaculate definition of contractility with prognostic usefulness, but its therapeutic implications remains to be established. Bowditch treppe, assessed with pacing stress, can be used to assess the optimal stimulation frequency and to optimise the patient's chronotropic response in programming rate-adaptive pacemakers.
X-ray-absorption spectroscopy and<i>n</i>-body distribution functions in condensed matter. I. Theory (1995)

The general theoretical framework underlying the GNXAS multiple-scattering (MS) data-analysis method for x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is presented. The main approximations leading to the reduction of the many-body process in that of a photoelectron scattering in an effective potential are summarized. The methods available to expand the extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure \ensuremath{\chi}(k) into physically meaningful terms are described. In particular, emphasis is given to the definition of the irreducible n-body signals ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{(\mathit{n})}$ that can be calculated directly by means of linear combinations of continued fractions, or by using their respective multiple-scattering series. It is found that even for an infinite system the expansion of the \ensuremath{\chi}(k) signal in terms of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{(\mathit{n})}$ has a better convergence rate than the MS series. Simple expressions for performing the configurational averages of the structural signals in the presence of thermal and structural disorder are derived. These can be used for the structural analysis of molecular, crystalline, or moderately disordered systems. It is shown that in the case of highly disordered systems the expansion in terms of the ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{(\mathit{n})}$ signals is the natural framework for the interpretation of the XAS signal. General equations for the ensemble-averaged \ensuremath{\chi}(k) signal as a function of a series of integrals over the n-body n\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2 distribution functions ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{n}}$ are provided and the possible use of advanced strategies for the inversion of the structural information is suggested.
Developmental intervention in the newborn intensive care unit. (1991)

Developmental intervention for infants with perinatal asphyxia requires an individualized therapeutic plan. A team approach incorporating developmental goals and intervention strategies into the nursing care of these infants is essential for optimal developmental outcome. Therapeutic management must always be appropriate for the infant's health status, gestational age, and organizational capabilities. An understanding of the neurophysiologic basis for intervention and the therapeutic management techniques for infants who are sick, recuperating, or convalescing will help the nurse to promote optimal development when caring for the asphyxiated infant.
High-resolution Fresnel zone plates for soft x rays (1988)

Fresnel zone plates with minimum zone widths down to 50 nm were fabricated by electron-beam lithography, tested, and used in the scanning x-ray microscope at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source. The zone plates consist of gold rings on a silicon nitride window. Characterization of the zone plates included efficiency and resolution measurements in the first order focus. Spatial resolution down to 75 nm was measured. The best zone plates showed negligible astigmatism, and a first order efficiency in excess of 5% has been achieved. A new method for development monitoring during the fabrication procedure using an optical microscope with polarized light and crossed analyzer was introduced. For the inspection of the fabrication accuracy and, in particular, for ellipticity, a moiré pattern technique was employed. Using these zone plates as objective lenses, x-ray images of biological specimens were obtained with 70 nm resolution.
A review of 3D PreSDM model building techniques (2003)

Current practice in velocity model building involves close interaction between the interpreter and the geophysicist. To facilitate this interaction, which by its nature is iterative, a full suite of interpretative and visualisation tools is required in order to reduce cycle time. With this in mind, this tutorial paper by Ian F. Jones, dealing with preSDM model building techniques, has been included in our Special Topic on interpretation and visualisation.
Review on the Rotating Detonation Engine and It’s Typical Problems (2020)

Abstract Detonation is a promising combustion mode to improve engine performance, increase combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance thermal cycle efficiency. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the applications of detonation mode in engines, such as standing detonation engine (SDE), Pulse detonation engine (PDE) and rotating detonation engine (RDE), and the understanding of the fundamental chemistry and physics processes in detonation engines via experimental and numerical studies. This article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress in the knowledge of rotating detonation engine from the different countries. New observations of injection, ignition, and geometry of combustor, pressure feedback, and combustion modes of RDE have been reported. These findings and advances have provided new opportunities in the development of rotating detonation for practical applications. Finally, we point out the current gaps in knowledge to indicate which areas future research should be directed at.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENE ENCODING THE HIGHLY EXPRESSED RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L3 OF THE CILIATED PROTOZOAN<i>TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA</i>. EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIAL CODON USAGE IN HIGHLY EXPRESSED GENES (1999)

We have cloned and characterized the cDNA and the macronuclear genomic copy of the highly conserved ribosomal protein (r-protein) L3 of Tetrahymena thermophila. The r-protein L3 is encoded by a single copy gene interrupted by one intron. The organization of the promoter region exhibits features characteristic of ribosomal protein genes in Tetrahymena. The codon usage of the L3 gene is highly biased. A thorough analysis of codon usage in Tetrahymena genes revealed that genes could be categorized into two classes according to codon usage bias. Class A comprises r-protein genes and a number of other highly expressed genes. Class B comprises weakly expressed genes such as the conjugation induced CnjB and CnjC genes, but surprisingly, this class also contains abundantly expressed genes such as the genes encoding the surface antigens SerH3 and SerH1. Codon usage is slightly more restricted in class A than in class B, but both classes exhibit distinct and different codon usage biases. Class A genes preferentially use C and U in the silent third codon positions, whereas class B genes preferentially use A and U in the silent third codon positions. The analysis suggests that two different strategies have been employed for optimization of codon usage in the A+T-rich genome of Tetrahymena.
Aswagandha (Withania somnifera) - ayurvedic bequest for the patients of cancer: an update on current research. (2010)

Aswagandha ( Withania somnifera ) is a popularly known medicinal plant said in Ayurveda. It has been used to promote vigor and strength. The current ongoing researches are approving the plant can be useful in malignacies at various levels and with different mechanisms. An effort has been made in this paper to review such results focused at cancer therapy and management. Aswagandha ( Withania somnifera ) is also known as Indian ginseng proves to be a beacon for blinded minds of cancer sufferers .
On The Vulnerability Of Automatic Speaker Recognition To Spoofing Attacks With Artificial Signals (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Providing network connectivity for small appliances: a functionally minimized embedded Web server (2001)

There is a strong trend toward embedding Internet capabilities into electronics and everyday appliances. We introduce the results from a research project where we have been working toward implementing a functionally minimized Web server on silicon. Although most embedded Internet appliances will use a microcontroller and software to enable TCP/IP and HTTP support, we argue that there are many applications where a hardware-based approach is more suitable. Our WebChip approach is a family of IPv6-compatible solutions toward the realization of embedded and minimized Web systems. The core parts of the implementation are a C-code library and VHDL code implementation. The solution is tested with an FPGA and can be later embedded into various ASIC chips. We argue that this approach is also commercially viable since the VHDL code can be delivered as an intellectual property block.
Sonographic Detection of Small Amounts of Free Peritoneal Gas in Beagle Dogs (2011)

The detection of small amounts of free peritoneal gas in the canine patient can pose a diagnostic dilemma. The objective of this study was to determine how much of this free gas could be detected ultrasonographically. Ultrasound examinations were carried out after increments (0.1 ml) of air were intraperitoneally injected. Via ultrasonography, 0.4 ml of free gas can be reliably detected. The authors concluded that ultrasonography is a very sensitive modality for the detection of small amounts of peritoneal free gas (above 0.4 ml).