gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Digital Control of Grid Connected Three Phase Converters for Renewable Sources (2008)

Power electronic converters have become popular in the field of power transformation for renewable energy. Power electronics converters achieve high efficiency, and the price of their components is falling, thus making them even more beneficial for renewable energy applications. Those systems coupled to the grid need to withstand certain utility-defined circumstances which may occur during operation. Additionally the new net regulations for large generation plants specify that during specified severe grid disturbances the relatively delicate converters should stay connected supporting the system. For PV inverters the forthcoming standards may optionally add the possibility of reactive power compensation where for wind-power those standards are already in use.\n\nThis thesis focuses on reliable, sensor-less control of the PWM converters coping with varying grid conditions and existing problems. The thesis presents a variety of digital control solutions for interfacing PWM converter with the grid, synchronization, sensorless operation and grid impedance detection.\n\nThe introductory chapter gives the fundamental theory about three-phase converters and control.The following chapters deal with unbalanced condition and symmetric component decomposition, which is the tool to cope with unbalanced grid voltages or currents.\n\nA sensor-less operation method using dual frame virtual flux model is presented with good results. In addition sensor-less synchronization to the grid is shown. Moreover an algorithm based on virtual flux for grid inductance estimation is also successfully demonstrated. Knowing the grid inductance is important during weak grid operation, since it is needed in order to provide unity power factor to the point of common connection.\n\nAt the end of the thesis, a control algorithm for voltage harmonic compensation during stand alone operation is presented. The presented algorithm gives the possibility to supply high quality power in isolated islands, where the load is unknown. Furthermore, this algorithm can be successfully used for UPS applications. The last chapter applies the voltage harmonic control to the Z-source converter having the possibility of achieving higher ac voltage than in conventional VSI, results are promising.
Effect of Niclosamide on Basal-like Breast Cancers (2014)

Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are poorly differentiated and display aggressive clinical behavior. These tumors become resistant to cytotoxic agents, and tumor relapse has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). One of the pathways involved in CSC regulation is the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. LRP6, a Wnt ligand receptor, is one of the critical elements of this pathway and could potentially be an excellent therapeutic target. Niclosamide has been shown to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by causing degradation of LRP6. TRA-8, a monoclonal antibody specific to TRAIL death receptor 5, is cytotoxic to BLBC cell lines and their CSC-enriched populations. The goal of this study was to examine whether niclosamide is cytotoxic to BLBCs, specifically the CSC population, and if in combination with TRA-8 could produce increased cytotoxicity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a known marker of CSCs. By testing BLBC cells for ALDH expression by flow cytometry, we were able to isolate a nonadherent population of cells that have high ALDH expression. Niclosamide showed cytotoxicity against these nonadherent ALDH-expressing cells in addition to adherent cells from four BLBC cell lines: 2LMP, SUM159, HCC1187, and HCC1143. Niclosamide treatment produced reduced levels of LRP6 and β-catenin, which is a downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling protein. The combination of TRA-8 and niclosamide produced additive cytotoxicity and a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin activity. Niclosamide in combination with TRA-8 suppressed growth of 2LMP orthotopic tumor xenografts. These results suggest that niclosamide or congeners of this agent may be useful for the treatment of BLBC.
Adherence of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial cells (1981)

Carrier strains of Neisseria meningitidis are recovered almost solely from the posterior pharynx and they are often nongroupable or rough. Invasive strains can be serogrouped (encapsulated). We studied adherence of both carrier- and patient-derived serogroupable and nongroupable meningococci to buccal epithelial and posterior pharyngeal cells. Fresh meningococcal isolates attached significantly better to pharyngeal than to buccal cells (P = 0.01). Strains that could be serogrouped adhered less than nongroupable strains (P less than 0.05). Meningococci passed in vitro became hemagglutinin negative and nonpiliated. Hemagglutinin-negative meningococci always adhered less to both epithelial cell types than the hemagglutinin-positive variants of the same strain. These results indicate that meningococcal pili probably mediate attachment to oropharyngeal cells, but encapsulation may reduce adherence. Localization of meningococci in the posterior pharynx is in part explained by the receptivity of the epithelial cells in this area for meningococci.
<i>In vitro</i> expansion of cord blood does not prevent engraftment of severe combined immunodeficient repopulating cells (2002)

This study aimed to assess the potential of human cord blood (CB) cells to engraft in the xenogenic non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse model after in vitro expansion culture. We also studied the quality of human haemopoiesis arising from the transplantation of fresh or expanded cells in this model. Cord blood CD34(+) cells were cultured for 3, 7 or 10 d with stem cell factor, Flt3, thrombopoietin, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, all at 10 ng/ml in serum-replete conditions. Transplantation of mice with fresh CB containing 3 x 10(4) CD34(+) cells and 1-2 SCID repopulating cells (SRC) resulted in a median of 7.4% (0.4%-76.8%) human engraftment. When mice received the expanded product of 1-2 SRC, the ability to repopulate NOD/SCID mice was maintained even after 10 d of in vitro culture. Serial dilution of the expanded cells suggested that in vitro expansion had increased SRC numbers two- to fourfold. Expanded SRC produced long-term culture-initiating cells, clonogenic cells and CD34(+) cells in the same proportions as fresh cells after successful engraftment. Therefore, expanded SRC were able to differentiate in the same way as fresh SRC. There was a trend towards lower levels of engraftment when d 7 cultured cells were transplanted (median engraftment 0.8%, range 0.0-24.0%) compared with 1-2 fresh SRC. Our data suggest that this is owing to reduced proliferation of cultured cells in vivo. By utilizing limiting numbers of CB SRC, we confirmed that the engraftment potential of SRC in the NOD/SCID model was preserved after in vitro expansion. Furthermore, dilution experiments strongly suggest two- to fourfold expansion of SRC in vitro. These studies are relevant for developing clinical stem cell expansion strategies.
Exhaled breath analysis: from occupational to respiratory medicine. (2005)

Breath analysis is a technique rapidly gaining ground as a non-invasive tool to diagnose and monitor various aspects of lung diseases. Measurement of exhaled breath is safe, rapid, simple to perform, and effort independent. Given that human breath contains upwards of 250 chemicals, the potential for developing new applications is high. Much of the current knowledge on breath analysis in respiratory medicine derives from years of experience gained in occupational settings, where breath analysis has been used mainly to assess exposure to volatile chemicals. Laboratory based analysis of exhaled air is a complex, expensive and time consuming process and thus is not in wide spread use in occupational medicine. However, recent knowledge of exhaled breath analysis in pulmonology, in particular in bronchial asthma and lung cancer, and the development of fast, and easy to perform non-invasive procedures for breath analysis, re-opened possible application of exhaled breath as a novel approach for biological monitoring of inhaled pneumotoxic substances. The simultaneous quantification of biomarkers of dose and effect in exhaled air may provide new insights into lung damage occurring in workers exposed to inhaled toxicants, thus representing a new and fascinating application in risk assessment strategies.
Restriction Enzyme Digests of Rapidly Renaturing Fragments of Vaccinia Virus DNA (1976)

Vaccinia virus DNA fragments that have been denatured by alkali and then neutralized contain a fraction that rapidly reforms duplex structures. The fraction is enriched by fractionating on hydroxyapatite columns and serves as as substrate for digestion by two restriction endonucleases isolated from Hemophilus parainfluenzae, Hpa I and HPa II. The patterns obtained by gel electrophoresis of the digested fragments show the presence of three major bands after Hpa I digestion and four major bands after Hpa II digestion. The DNA that is isolated from some of these bands quickly reforms duplex regions after alkaline denaturation. The size of the DNA segments in the major bands has been estimated to be in the range of 0.44 X 10(6) to 3.2 X 10(6) daltons. The fragments which rapidly reform duplex chains after denaturation are sensitive to single-strand-specific nucleases. These results are consistent with a model of vaccinia virus DNA which has a covalent link connecting complementary chains.
Polarimetric detection of objects buried in snowpack by a synthetic aperture FM-CW radar (1996)

Presents experimental results of polarimetric detection of objects buried in a natural snowpack by a synthetic aperture FM-CW radar. First, the principle of polarimetric imaging in the Co- and Cross(X)-pol radar channels is outlined based on the scattering matrix and the characteristic polarization states for a specific target. Then, polarimetric measurements were carried out to detect objects buried in a natural snowpack 230 cm deep. The targets included two orthogonally placed metallic plates, an ice layer within the snowpack, and a human body. It is shown that the polarimetric FM-CW radar clearly enhances target signatures and that it serves to significantly improve detection in snowpack. Several polarimetric detection results are displayed, demonstrating the potential capability of characteristic polarization imaging and the usefulness of FM-CW radar.
Increased secretion of salivary glands produced by facial vibrotactile stimulation (2008)

Patients with low-back pain can be evaluated immediately by means of an electrical tool that produces bony vibration to the lumbar spinal processes (Yrjama M, Vanharanta H. Bony vibrotactile stimulation: A new, non-invasive method for examining intradiscal pain. European Spine Journal 1994;3:233-235). In the rehabilitation of masticatory disturbance and dysphagia, an electric toothbrush is commonly used as an oral motor exercise tool for the facilitation of blood flow and metabolism in the orofacial region in Japanese hospitals. However, subjects receiving vibration in the facial regions reported increased salivary secretion. We attempted to develop an oral motor exercise apparatus modified by a headphone headset that was fixed and could be used for extended periods. The vibration apparatus of the heating conductor is protected by the polyethyle methacrylate (dental mucosa protective material), and electric motors for vibration control of the PWM circuit. We examined the amount of salivation during vibration stimuli on the bilateral masseter muscle belly, using a cotton roll positioned at the opening of the secretory duct for 3 min. Although the quantity of salivation in each subject showed various and large fluctuations in the right and left sides of the parotid and submandibular and sublingual glands, one or more of the salivary glands were effectively stimulated by 89 Hz vibration. The reported apparatus will be useful as an additional method in orofacial rehabilitation.
Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Acts as a Competing Endogenous RNA to Regulate TGF-<i>β</i>2 Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lens Epithelial Cells by a MicroRNA-26a-Dependent Mechanism (2019)

The aim of the present study was to characterize whether the long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-26a/Smad4 axis is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Primary human LECs were separated and cultured. Microarray analysis showed that a total of 568 lncRNAs are differentially expressed in primary HLECs in the presence of TGF-<i>β</i>2 and MALAT1 is mostly significantly dysregulated lncRNAs, which is increased by nearly 17-fold. In addition, upregulation of MALAT1 and downregulation of miR-26a were detected in human posterior capsule opacification (PCO) attached LECs and the LECs obtained from patients with anterior polar cataracts by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Next, our results showed that TGF-<i>β</i>2 induces overexpression of EMT markers in primary HLECs via a MALAT1-dependent mechanism. The mechanism is that MALAT1 negatively regulates miR-26a and miR-26a directly targets Smad4 by luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. In summary, TGF-<i>β</i>2 induces MALAT1 overexpression, which in turn MALAT1 acts as a ceRNA targeting Smad4 by binding miR-26a and promotes the progression of EMT of LECs.
Evaluating Neuroprotective Agents for Clinical Anti-Ischemic Benefit Using Neurological and Neuropsychological Changes After Cardiac Surgery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1996)

The strokelike cerebral dysfunction (maximal acutely, with eventual recovery) that occurs after CS-CPB is useful to screen NPAs for clinical efficacy. CCSs based on detailed neurological examination and neuropsychological testing are sensitive measures; refinement of this approach should enhance the efficiency of the CS-CPB model. Further testing of GM1 is warranted.
Miltefosine (Hexadecylphosphocholine) Inhibits Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase in <i>Leishmania donovani</i> Promastigotes (2007)

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine [HePC]) is currently on trial as a first-choice, orally active drug for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis when resistance to organic pentavalent antimonials becomes epidemic. However, data on the targets involved in its leishmanicidal mechanism have, until now, been only fragmentary. We have carried out a systematic study of the alterations induced on the bioenergetic metabolism of Leishmania donovani promastigotes by HePC. Overnight incubation with HePC caused a significant decline in the intracellular ATP levels of the parasites, together with a reduction in the oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial depolarization, while the integrity of the plasma membrane remained undamaged. In a further step, the effects of HePC on the respiratory chain were addressed in digitonized parasites. The inhibition of the oxygen consumption rate caused by HePC was not reverted either with the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone or with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine plus ascorbate, which feeds the electron transport chain at the level of cytochrome c. These results suggest that cytochrome c oxidase is a likely target in the complex leishmanicidal mechanism of HePC. This was further confirmed from the finding that this enzyme was specifically inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by HePC, but not the cytochrome c reductase, ruling out an unspecific effect of HePC on the respiratory chain.
“Inhalational or Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children? An Audit of Patient and Parent Preference” (2011)

Background: Taking heed of patient preferences is central to the concept of “patient-centered anesthetic practice’. Anesthesia in children is usually induced by the inhaled or intravenous routes. We hypothesized that children may have preferences for their route of induction of anesthesia, and for preoperative sedation. Accordingly, we audited the preferences and compliance of children for inhalational or intravenous induction of anesthesia and for premedication. Methods: With institutional approval and guardian consent, one hundred and seventeen children and their guardians were visited pre-operatively. The opinions of the child (primarily) and guardian (secondarily) were canvassed, in standard fashion, regarding choice of route for anaesthetic induction and request for premedication. Results: Eight children 5 years and older were able to communicate, as were 1 of 6 two year olds, 1of 6 three year olds and 5 of 6 four year olds. Parental recommendations occurred in 14(12%) of children. Fifty eight (50%) children had histories of previous anesthesia, induced by needle in 23 (20%), mask in 32(57%) and by undetermined route in 14 (24%). Intravenous and inhaled inductions were chosen by 23(20%) and 62 (53%) of children (p 5 years can be expected to have an opinion regarding their route for induction of anaesthesia, and that approximately 50% of children accept an offer of premedication.
Dialogue focus tracking for zero pronoun resolution (2015)

We take a novel approach to zero pronoun resolution in Chinese: our model explicitly tracks the flow of focus in a discourse. Our approach, which generalizes to deictic references, is not reliant on the presence of overt noun phrase antecedents to resolve to, and allows us to address the large percentage of “non-anaphoric” pronouns filtered out in other approaches. We furthermore train our model using readily available parallel Chinese/English corpora, allowing for training without hand-annotated data. Our results demonstrate improvements on two test sets, as well as the usefulness of linguistically motivated features.
A Literature Survey on Anti-Phishing Browser Extensions (2015)

Phishing is the fraudulent acquisition of personal information like username, password, credit card information, etc. by tricking an individual into believing that the attacker is a trustworthy entity. It is affecting all the major sector of industry day by day with lots of misuse of user's credentials. So in today online environment we need to protect the data from phishing and safeguard our information, which can be done through anti-phishing tools. Currently there are many freely available anti-phishing browser extensions tools that warns user when they are browsing a suspected phishing site. In this paper we did a literature survey of some of the commonly and popularly used anti-phishing browser extensions by reviewing the existing anti-phishing techniques along with their merits and demerits.
Community Conversation as a Method of Gathering and Analyzing Qualitative Data (2018)

Community conversation, a method of increasing inclusive, community-based employment by harnessing the expertise and motivation of key stakeholders, surfaces important information that can also be used as a method of inquiry. This article examines the commonalities between community conversation as method of practice and method of research. Opportunities to hone this approach for the purpose of increasing its contribution to research are also identified.
Effect of Amiodarone on Dispersion of Atrial Refractoriness and Cycle Length in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

Amiodarone causes a reduction in the dispersion of AFCL. This action may be relevant to the beneficial effects of amiodarone in patients with AF.
HfO <sub>2</sub> and ZrO <sub>2</sub> alternative gate dielectrics for silicon devices by liquid injection chemical vapour deposition (2002)

Capacitance-voltage measurements are reported on MOSC devices with ZrO2 and HfO2 gate dielectrics fabricated using novel zirconium and hafnium alkoxide volatile mononuclear complexes. These complexes are significantly less reactive to air and moisture than existing Zr and Hf alkoxides. Feasibility is shown of using this liquid injection chemical vapour deposition method with these precursors for high-k gate dielectric realisation for submicron MOS devices.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: aneurysm detection and preoperative evaluation with CT angiography. (1998)

CT angiography depicted 90% of all aneurysms, and 90% were classified as definitely present. CT angiography must be of high quality with adequate depiction of the aneurysm and the parent artery for surgery to be performed on the basis of CT angiographic findings alone.
[Recurrence and survival rates among early breast cancer cases with triple negative immunophenotype]. (2008)

Triple negative breast cancer is more common among young women and is associated with a high frequency of recurrence and mortality. Clinical behavior among triple negative breast cancer cases is aggressive and displays a similar clinical profile that observed among HER2 positive and HR negative patients.
Identification of surface‐exposed components of MOMP of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> serovar F (2005)

The identification of surface-exposed components of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia is critical for modeling its three-dimensional structure, as well as for understanding the role of MOMP in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia-related diseases. MOMP contains four variable domains (VDs). In this study, VDII and VDIV of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F were proven to be surface-located by immuno-dot blot assay using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two proteases, trypsin and endoproteinase Glu-C, were applied to digest the intact elementary body of serovar F under native conditions to reveal the surface-located amino acids. The resulting peptides were separated by SDS-PAGE and probed with MAbs against these VDs. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed: (1) The Glu-C cleavage sites were located within VDI (at Glu61) and VDIII (at Glu225); (2) the trypsin cleavage sites were found at Lys79 in VDI and at Lys224 in VDIII. The tryptic peptides were then isolated by HPLC and analyzed with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a quadrupole-orthogonal-TOF mass spectrometer coupled with a capillary liquid chromatograph. Masses and fragmentation patterns that correlated to the peptides cleaved from VDI and VDIII regions, and C-terminal peptides Ser333-Arg358 and Ser333-Lys350 were observed. This result demonstrated that these regions are surface-exposed. Data derived from comparison of nonreduced outer membrane complex proteolytic fragments with their reduced fractions revealed that Cys26, 29, 33, 116, 208, and 337 were involved in disulfide bonds, and Cys26 and 337, and 116 and 208 were paired. Based on these data, a new two-dimensional model is proposed.
Exploiting Intensive Multithreading for the Efficient Simulation of 3D Seismic Wave Propagation (2008)

Parallel computing is widely used for large scale three-dimensional simulation of seismic wave propagation. One particularity of most of these simulations is to consider a finite computing domain whereas the physical problem is unbounded. Additional numerical conditions are then required to absorb the energy at the artificial boundaries, which introduces a different formulation and a load-imbalance. In the context of finite difference method, we study the use of thread overloading approach to alleviate the imbalance. We introduce a mixed-hybrid parallel implementation based on a classical cartesian partitioning at the MPI level and a self-scheduling algorithm at the thread level to handle more than 700 threads on 8 processors. We demonstrate the efficiency of our methodology on an example of regional modeling performed on 80 processors.