gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the distribution of acidity in zeolites by temperature-programmed desorption of probe molecules. I. Dealuminated mordenites (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the distribution of acidity in zeolites by temperature-programmed desorption of probe molecules. I. Dealuminated mordenitesHellmut G. Karge and Vera. DondurCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 2, 765–772Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100365a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100365a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views842Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Excitation of bulk shear waves in steel by magnetostrictive coupling (2002)

This work presents a novel configuration of an EMAT that, through magnetostriction, generates shear waves propagating normal to the surface of a steel sample. The transduction mechanism of the EMAT is discussed, and the effects of altering parameters of the EMAT are illustrated. If the EMAT is set up correctly, then it is shown that the EMAT provides means for ultrasonically measuring the magnetostriction of a sample.
Receptive properties of myelinated primary afferents innervating the inflamed urinary bladder of the cat (1993)

1. The present study has investigated the receptive properties of myelinated mechanoreceptive primary afferents innervating the inflamed urinary bladder of the cat. In 15 experiments, 20 units were recorded from the dorsal and 3 from the ventral root S2. Before inflammation the afferents had no resting activity and responded consistently to increases of intravesical pressure evoked by isotonic distension or isovolumetric contractions. All units were studied before and after the onset of an acute inflammation induced by intraluminal injection of mustard (1-2.5%) or turpentine oil (50%), which are known to induce an acute cystitis. 2. Eleven out of 14 units tested with mustard oil and 5/9 units tested with turpentine oil were activated at short latency. The response could not be explained by a concomitant increase of intraluminal pressure resulting from the intravesical injection of the irritant. This suggests that a large proportion of mechanosensitive afferents has an additional chemosensitivity. 3. After removal of the irritants and with empty bladder, all afferent units exhibited irregular ongoing activity with intermittent high-frequency bursts. Such ongoing activity was entirely absent in myelinated afferents supplying the noninflamed bladder. The median rate of ongoing activity was significantly higher after mustard oil (1.65 imp/s) than after turpentine oil treatment (0.05 imp/s) 1 h after chemical stimulation. Post-hoc analysis revealed that afferents that developed high levels of ongoing activity had steeper stimulus response functions to changes of intravesical pressure before inflammation. 4. The stimulus-response function of vesical afferents changed characteristically in the inflamed bladder. Within 30 min of mustard oil treatment, the responses of some units to bladder filling was transiently enhanced, but later the units desensitized to this stimulus. However, there was no significant change of the stimulus-response function of six afferents studied before and for 2 h after induction of the inflammation. By contrast, the afferents exhibited significant increases of their mechanosensitivity after turpentine treatment. 5. In conclusion, sacral myelinated mechanoreceptive afferents supplying the urinary bladder are chemosensitive. Their receptive properties change rather uniformly when the tissue becomes inflamed, and, on the basis of these changes, it is not possible to differentiate subpopulations of primary afferents. The induction of ongoing activity and the increased responses to intravesical pressure stimuli in the inflamed organ, together with central changes that may occur under these conditions, are probably responsible for changes of bladder motility and sensations that arise during cystitis.
Follistatin Gene Therapy Improves Ambulation in Becker Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

Follistatin is a ubiquitous secretory propeptide that functions as a potent inhibitor of the myostatin pathway, resulting in an increase in skeletal muscle mass. Its ability to interact with the pituitary activin-inhibin axis and suppress the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) called for caution in its clinical applicability. This limitation was circumvented by the use of one of the alternatively spliced follistatin variants, FS344, undergoing post-translational modification to FS315. This follistatin isoform is serum-based, and has a 10-fold lower affinity to activin compared to FS288. Preclinical studies of intramuscular delivery of the follistatin gene demonstrated safety and efficacy in enhancing muscle mass. We herein review the evidence supporting the utility of follistatin as a genetic enhancer to improve cellular performance. In addition, we shed light on the results of the first clinical gene transfer trial using the FS344 isoform of follistatin in subjects with Becker muscular dystrophy as well as the future directions for clinical gene therapy trials using follistatin.
Asymmetric Processes Catalyzed by Chiral (Salen)metal Complexes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low-density parity-check codes and iterative decoding for two-track two-head E/sup 2/PR4 channel (2004)

Potential gain of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code implementation over two-track disc recording system with one-head and two-head detector is considered. Two-track system with E/sup 2/PR4 in-track intersymbol interference (ISI) model is used, assuming linear symmetrical intertrack interference (ITI) and the presence of AWGN noise. Obtained simulation results demonstrated the notable quality of the LDPC encoding scheme in this case.
Control of segmental expression of the cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein gene by distinct regulatory pathways in murine cardiogenesis (1999)

Although accumulating evidence suggests that the heart develops in a segmental fashion, the molecular mechanisms that control regional specification of cardiomyocytes in the developing heart remain largely unknown. In this study, we have used the mouse cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) gene as a model system to study these mechanisms. The CARP gene encodes a nuclear co-regulator for cardiac gene expression, which lies downstream of the cardiac homeobox gene, Nkx 2.5, and is an early marker of the cardiac muscle cell lineage. We have demonstrated that the expression of the gene is developmentally down regulated and dramatically induced as part of the embryonic gene program during cardiac hypertrophy. Using a lacZ/knock-in mouse and three lines of transgenic mouse harboring various CARP promoter/lacZ reporters, we have identified distinct 5' cis regulatory elements of the gene that can direct heart segment-specific transgene expression, such as atrial versus ventricular and left versus right. Most interestingly, a 213 base pair sequence element of the gene was found to confer conotruncal segment-specific transgene expression. Using the transgene as a conotruncal segment-specific marker, we were able to document the developmental fate of a subset of cardiomyocytes in the conotruncus during cardiogenesis. In addition, we have identified an essential GATA-4 binding site in the proximal upstream regulatory region of the gene and cooperative transcriptional regulation mediated by Nkx2.5 and GATA-4. We have shown that this cooperative regulation is dependent on binding of GATA-4 to its cognate DNA sequence in the promoter, which suggests that Nkx2.5 controls CARP expression, at least in part, through GATA-4.
Comparison of Fascaplysin and Related Alkaloids:  A Study of Structures, Cytotoxicities, and Sources (2004)

The fascaplysin class of compounds have been further investigated from six organisms consisting of four sponge collections (Fascaplysinopsis reticulata) and two tunicate collections (Didemnum sp.). This work is an extension of an earlier communication and reports the isolation of 12 new fascaplysin derivatives: 10-bromofascaplysin (7), 3,10-dibromofascaplysin (8), homofascaplysate A (9), homofascaplysin B-1 (11), 3-bromohomofascaplysins B (12), B-1 (13), and C (15), 7,14-dibromoreticulatine (17), reticulatol (20), 14-bromoreticulatol (21), and 3-bromosecofascaplysins A (22) and B (23), along with known compounds: fascaplysin (1), reticulatine (4), 3-bromofascaplysin (6), and homofascaplysin C (14). Selected compounds were screened in a cell-based cytotoxicity assay with compounds 1, 6, and fascaplysin A (24) also screened in the NCI 60 cell line panel. A biogenetic pathway for the brominated fascaplysins and brominated related alkaloids is proposed and discussed.
A comparative view on mechanisms and functions of skeletal remodelling in teleost fish, with special emphasis on osteoclasts and their function (2009)

Resorption and remodelling of skeletal tissues is required for development and growth, mechanical adaptation, repair, and mineral homeostasis of the vertebrate skeleton. Here we review for the first time the current knowledge about resorption and remodelling of the skeleton in teleost fish, the largest and most diverse group of extant vertebrates. Teleost species are increasingly used in aquaculture and as models in biomedical skeletal research. Thus, detailed knowledge is required to establish the differences and similarities between mammalian and teleost skeletal remodelling, and between distantly related species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes). The cellular mechanisms of differentiation and activation of osteoclasts and the functions of teleost skeletal remodelling are described. Several characteristics, related to skeletal remodelling, distinguish teleosts from mammals. These characteristics include (a) the absence of osteocytes in most species; (b) the absence of haematopoietic bone marrow tissue; (c) the abundance of small mononucleated osteoclasts performing non-lacunar (smooth) bone resorption, in addition to or instead of multinucleated osteoclasts; and (d) a phosphorus- rather than calcium-driven mineral homeostasis (mainly affecting the postcranial dermal skeleton). Furthermore, (e) skeletal resorption is often absent from particular sites, due to sparse or lacking endochondral ossification. Based on the mode of skeletal remodelling in early ontogeny of all teleosts and in later stages of development of teleosts with acellular bone we suggest a link between acellular bone and the predominance of mononucleated osteoclasts, on the one hand, and cellular bone and multinucleated osteoclasts on the other. The evolutionary origin of skeletal remodelling is discussed and whether mononucleated osteoclasts represent an ancestral type of resorbing cells. Revealing the differentiation and activation of teleost skeletal resorbing cells, in the absence of several factors that trigger mammalian osteoclast differentiation, is a current challenge. Understanding which characters of teleost bone remodelling are derived and which characters are conserved should enhance our understanding of the process in fish and may provide insights into alternative pathways of bone remodelling in mammals.
Exotic Earthworm Invasions in North America: Ecological and Policy Implications (2002)

E arthworms are the best known and, in many situations, the most important animals that live in soil. Over 3500 earthworm species have been described worldwide, and it is estimated that further surveys will reveal this number to be much larger Distinct taxonomic groups of earthworms have arisen on every continent except Antarctica, and, through human transport, some groups have been distributed worldwide The earthworm fauna of North America, including Canada, the continental United States, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean, consists of both native (Nearctic and Neotropical) and exotic species imported from many other regions of the world Any given locality may be inhabited by all native species, all exotic species, a combination of native and exotic species, or by no earthworms at all. Relative abundance and species composition of local fauna depend greatly on soil, climate, vegetation, topography, land use history, and especially on past invasions by exotic species.
A novel role for TGF-beta and IL-10 in the induction of immune privilege. (1998)

Immune privilege within the eye is due in large part to Ag-specific, systemic down-regulation of Th1 immune responses, a phenomenon termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Since the cytokine milieu influences Th cell differentiation, we hypothesized that TGF-beta, an immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by ocular cells, determines the nature of the immune response to Ags introduced into the anterior chamber. Accordingly, an in vitro model of the eye was used to determine the cytokine profile of ocular APC. TGF-beta preferentially induced APC to secrete a Th2-type cytokine, IL-10, and concomitantly suppressed the production of the Th1-inducing cytokine, IL-12. APC incubated with TGF-beta and anti-IL-10 Ab lost their ability to induce ACAID. In the absence of TGF-beta, Ag-pulsed APC preferentially secreted IL-12 and elicited Ag-specific Th1 responses (i.e., delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)). However, APC pulsed with Ag and exogenous IL-10 behaved in a manner similar to ocular APC and induced Ag-specific suppression of DTH. The role of IL-10 in ACAID was confirmed in IL-10 knockout mice. Anterior chamber injection of OVA into IL-10 knockout mice elicited normal DTH responses rather than ACAID. Moreover, Ag-pulsed APC from IL-10 knockout mice were unable to induce ACAID following in vitro treatment with TGF-beta. Thus, TGF-beta predisposes ocular APC to secrete IL-10 during Ag processing. This, in turn, directs the immune response away from a Th1 pathway and toward a Th2-like response in which DTH is suppressed.
Experimental Study of Nonlinearity Tolerant Modulation Formats Based on LDPC Coded Non-uniform Signaling (2017)

Nonlinearity tolerant 5-QAM and 9-QAM are experimentally studied for long-haul WDM transmission. Compared to QPSK and 8-QAM, the transmission reach is extended for 12% and 222% by using LDPC-coded non-uniform 5-QAM and 9-QAM, respectively.
New lipid-modifying therapies (2003)

Lipid abnormalities are central among the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and their correction remains a major target for the medical community. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) are the most widely prescribed and best tolerated of the currently available lipid-modifying therapies. Newer agents in this class (e.g., rosuvastatin) have proven to be more effective at lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. New formulations of drugs such as nicotinic acid, which improve treatment regimens and reduce unpleasant side effects, may result in improved patient compliance with this therapy. The development of novel drugs such as cholesterol absorption inhibitors (e.g., ezetimibe) and acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., avasimibe) will provide clinicians with therapeutic options that exploit different pathways to those currently being utilised. By combining these agents with statins, greater improvements in the lipid profile than those seen to date could be produced. In addition, advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of dyslipidaemia have enabled other novel therapeutic targets to be identified and studies with experimental drugs underscore the potential of these approaches.
Demographic Imperatives for Educational Reform for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students (2008)

Rapid demographic changes in culture, race/ethnicity, and language in the United States have exerted a powerful influence on public schools, raising significant concerns or issues relative to the ability of the educational system to successfully educate all of its children as future citizens of a democratic society. Educational outcome data for students from nondominant sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds highlight the failure of public schools to successfully educate all students. This lack of success is reflected in higher rates of retention, attrition, and placement in special education; lower rates of high school graduation and college entrance; and fewer degrees awarded. Implications for the future of society and policy priorities are suggested.
Effects of retinoic acid on morphological features and biological markers of a neoplastic human salivary intercalated duct cell line in culture. (1988)

Retinoic acid has marked effects on the growth, morphological features, and biological markers of a neoplastic human salivary intercalated duct cell clone in culture, whereas the cell clone was not affected by other retinoids such as retinol and retinal. A cell clone with ultrastructure and biological markers specific to the intercalated duct cells of human salivary glands was cultivated in the presence of retinoic acid. Major alterations, such as expression of tonofilaments, Mr 68,000 cytokeratin, and involucrin, were observed in those cells with a phenotype similar to that of keratinizing squamous cells. In addition, the coexpression of Mr 68,000 cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen in these altered cells was found. Both the anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent growths were markedly suppressed in the presence of retinoic acid. After the removal of retinoic acid from the culture, the treated cells returned rapidly to the phenotype of the untreated cells. These findings indicate that reversible differentiation into the keratinizing squamous cells of a neoplastic human salivary intercalated duct cell clone occurs in growth medium containing retinoic acid.
Adding Temporal Redundancy to Delay Insensitive Codes to Mitigate Single Event Effects (2012)

In advanced CMOS technology, Single Event Effects due to high energy particle may cause different types of electrical effects when crossing silicon: from small delay variations, to bit flips, until permanent damage. Quasi Delay Insensitive asynchronous circuits are the most immune to delay variations thanks to the use of Delay Insensitive codes, but can be very sensitive to bit flips since a Single Event Effect may corrupt the handshake protocol. This paper presents a design technique to mitigate Single Event Effect by adding temporal redundancy to Delay Insensitive codes. This multiple bit fault tolerant design technique is adaptable to any 1-of-N DI code, and is particularly well suited to asynchronous Networks-on-Chip. The proposed Temporally Redundant Delay Insensitive codes have been evaluated using a Single Event Effect digital fault characterization environment. The result shows better SEE tolerance and reduced area and performance impact.
Antibody contributes to heterosubtypic protection against influenza A-induced tachypnea in cotton rats (2008)

In the cotton rat model of heterosubtypic immunity, humoral immunity plays a role in protecting animals from influenza-induced tachypea. Partial protection against respiratory disease caused by different influenza A subtypes can be attained with either live virus administered intranasally or inactivated virus delivered intramuscularly suggesting that either vaccine regimen may provide some protection against potential pandemic outbreaks in humans.
Phase 1 and pharmacodynamic studies of G3139, a Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, in combination with chemotherapy in refractory or relapsed acute leukemia (2002)

Overexpression of Bcl-2 is a potential mechanism for chemoresistance in acute leukemia and has been associated with unfavorable clinical outcome. We hypothesized that down-regulation of Bcl-2 would restore chemosensitivity in leukemic cells. To test this hypothesis, we performed a phase 1 study of G3139 (Genasense, Genta, Berkeley Heights, NJ), an 18-mer phosphorothioate Bcl-2 antisense, with fludarabine (FL), cytarabine (ARA-C), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (FLAG) salvage chemotherapy in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Twenty patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were enrolled. G3139 was delivered by continuous infusion on days 1 to 10. FLAG chemotherapy was administered on days 5 to 10. Common side effects of this combination included fever, nausea, emesis, electrolyte imbalance, and fluid retention that were not dose limiting. Plasma pharmacokinetics of G3139 demonstrated steady-state concentration (Css) within 24 hours. Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) had disease response, 6 (5 AML, 1 ALL) with complete remission (CR) and 3 (2 AML and 1 ALL) with no evidence of disease but failure to recover normal neutrophil and/or platelet counts or to remain in remission for at least 30 days (incomplete remission). Bcl-2 mRNA levels were down-regulated in 9 of the 12 (75%) evaluable patients. This study demonstrates that G3139 can be administered safely with FLAG chemotherapy and down-regulate its target, Bcl-2. The encouraging clinical and laboratory results justify the current plans for a phase 3 study in previously untreated high-risk AML (ie, age at least 60 years).
'Daddy is going to be sick'. Interview by Catherine Quinn. (2010)

Motor neurone disease is a devastating diagnosis at any age, but for people with young children there is an added dimension. Now there is accessible information that can help.
SIPMaP: A Tool for Modeling Irregular Parallel Computations in the Super Instruction Architecture (2013)

Performance modeling is becoming an increasingly important part of the parallel application development process, particularly for expensive computations that will be run on very high-end systems where resources are scarce. We describe a performance modeling tool SIPMaP (Super Instruction Processor Modeling and Prediction) developed for the Super-Instruction Architecture (SIA). The SIA is designed for applications where the dominant data structures are large multi-dimensional arrays and it comprises a DSL, the Super-Instruction Assembly Language (SIAL) that supports expressing algorithms in terms of blocks (tiles), and its runtime system Super Instruction Processor (SIP) that manages distribution and disk storage of the arrays. SIPMaP generates performance models from the SIAL source code. In comparison with many applications where useful performance models have been developed and reported, these programs are irregular and have other difficult to model characteristics such as extensive overlapping of communication and computation.