gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Data-Driven Learning of MRI Sampling Pattern for Large Scale Problems (2020)

Purpose: A fast data-driven optimization approach, named bias-accelerated subset selection (BASS), is proposed for learning efficacious sampling patterns (SPs) with the purpose of reducing scan time in large-dimensional parallel MRI. Methods: BASS is applicable when Cartesian fully-sampled k-space data of specific anatomy is available for training and the reconstruction method is specified, learning which k-space points are more relevant for the specific anatomy and reconstruction in recovering the non-sampled points. BASS was tested with four reconstruction methods for parallel MRI based on low-rankness and sparsity that allow a free choice of the SP. Two datasets were tested, one of the brain images for high-resolution imaging and another of knee images for quantitative mapping of the cartilage. Results: BASS, with its low computational cost and fast convergence, obtained SPs 100 times faster than the current best greedy approaches. Reconstruction quality increased up to 45\% with our learned SP over that provided by variable density and Poisson disk SPs, considering the same scan time. Optionally, the scan time can be nearly halved without loss of reconstruction quality. Conclusion: Compared with current approaches, BASS can be used to rapidly learn effective SPs for various reconstruction methods, using larger SP and larger datasets. This enables a better selection of efficacious sampling-reconstruction pairs for specific MRI problems.
Thermodynamics of L-lactide polymerization. Equilibrium monomer concentration (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of L-lactide polymerization. Equilibrium monomer concentrationAndrzej Duda and Stanislaw PenczekCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 6, 1636–1639Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00208a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1936Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (417 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Foreign Cations on the Synthesis of Various Non‐Stoichiometric Forms of Manganese Dioxide. (1986)

Abstract From a systematic examination of "MnOz" syntheses (three aqueous redox routes (S20? , O2, and C12), hydrothermal and molten salt reactions using different cations) the following conclusions are drawn: 1.) Li + yields very specific reaction products (spinel or rocksalt‐derived ternary oxides); 2.) alkaline media always results in phyllomanganates (IV) ("ö‐MnOz"); 3.) high‐temp.
Aquaporins in Saccharomyces (1998)

Aquaporin water channel proteins mediate the transport of water across cell membranes in numerous species. The Saccharomyces genome data base contains an open reading frame (here designated AQY1) that encodes a protein with strong homology to aquaporins. AQY1 from laboratory and wild-type strains of Saccharomyces were expressed in Xenopus oocytes to determine the coefficients of osmotic water permeability (Pf). Oocytes injected with wild-type AQY1 cRNAs exhibit high Pf values, whereas oocytes injected with AQY1 cRNAs from laboratory strains exhibit low Pf values and have reduced levels of Aqy1p due to two amino acid substitutions. When the AQY1 gene was deleted from a wild-type yeast and cells were cultured in vitro with cycled hypo-osmolar or hyper-osmolar stresses, the AQY1 null yeast showed significantly improved viability when compared with the parental wild-type strain. We conclude that Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least one aquaporin gene, but it is not functional in laboratory strains due to apparent negative selection pressures resulting from in vitro methods.
Moderate alcohol consumption aggravates high-fat diet induced steatohepatitis in rats (2010)

Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is developed in the absence of chronic alcohol consumption. However, it remains unknown whether moderate alcohol consumption aggravates hepatic inflammation under a pre-existing NASH conditions. Methods: In the present studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum with Lieber-DeCarli high-fat diet (71% energy from fat) for 6 weeks to induce NASH. Afterwards the animals were continuously fed with either high-fat diet (HFD, 55% total energy from fat) or high fat diet plus alcohol (HFA, 55% energy from fat and 16% energy from alcohol) for additional 4 weeks. Steatosis hepatic and inflammatory foci in the liver were examined and graded. The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Fas death ligand receptor were determined by real time PCR. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was assessed by colorimetric assay. Protein levels of total and cleaved caspased-3, CYP2E1, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by western blotting. Results: The number of hepatic inflammatory foci was significantly increased in HFA-fed rats as compared with that in HFD-fed rats. This aggravated inflammatory response by HFA was associated with more elevated mRNA expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-3 protein. Although no significant difference was observed between HFD and HFA groups, lipid peroxidation, Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels, and TNFα/TNFR1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in these two groups as compared with those in control. Conclusions: The data suggest that even moderate alcohol consumption can aggravate hepatic inflammation and cellular apoptosis under pre-existing NASH conditions.
Age-Related Gene Response of Human Corneal Endothelium to Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage (2010)

HCECs respond to age-related increases in oxidative nuclear DNA damage by forming DNA damage repair foci; however, they do not vigorously defend against or repair this damage by upregulating the expression of multiple oxidative stress or DNA damage-signaling genes.
High-Throughput Multicast Routing Metrics in Wireless Mesh Networks (2006)

The stationary nature of nodes in a mesh network has shifted the main design goal of routing protocols from maintaining connectivity between source and destination nodes to finding high-throughput paths between them. In recent years, numerous link-quality-based routing metrics have been proposed for choosing high-throughput paths for unicast protocols. In this paper we study routing metrics for high-throughput tree or mesh construction in multicast protocols. We show that there is a fundamental difference between unicast and multicast routing in how data packets are transmitted at the link layer, and accordingly there is a difference in how the routing metrics for each of these primitives are designed. We adapt certain routing metrics for unicast for high-throughput multicast routing and propose news ones not previously used for high-throughput. We then study the performance improvement achieved by using different link-quality-based routing metrics via extensive simulation and experiments on a mesh network testbed, using ODMRP as a representative multicast protocol. Our testbed experiment results show that ODMRP enhanced with linkquality routing metrics can achieve up to 17.5% throughput improvement as compared to the original ODMRP.
Probabilistic models for incomplete multi-dimensional arrays (2009)

In multiway data, each sample is measured by multiple sets of correlated attributes. We develop a probabilistic framework for modeling structural dependency from partially observed multi-dimensional array data, known as pTucker. Latent components associated with individual array dimensions are jointly retrieved while the core tensor is integrated out. The resulting algorithm is capable of handling large-scale data sets. We verify the usefulness of this approach by comparing against classical models on applications to modeling amino acid fluorescence, collaborative filtering and a number of benchmark multiway array data. 1
Developmental Biology of Sporozoite-Host Interactions in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria: Implications for Vaccine Design (2006)

The Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infects different types of cells in a mosquito's salivary glands and human epithelial and Kuppfer cells and hepatocytes. These become differentiated later on, transforming themselves into the invasive red blood cell form, the merozoite. The ability of sporozoites to interact with different types of cells requires a wide variety of mechanisms allowing them to survive in both hosts: mobility, receptor-ligand interactions with different cellular receptors, and transformation and development into other invasive parasite forms, which are vitally important for parasite survival. Sporozoite complexity is reflected in the large quantity of proteins that can be expressed. Some of them have been extensively studied, such as CSP, TRAP, STARP, LSA-1, LSA-3, SALSA, SPECT1, SPECT2, MAEBL, and SPATR, due to their importance in infection and their potential use as vaccines. Our work has been focused on the search for the molecular mechanisms of parasite-host cellular receptor-ligand interactions by identifying amino acid sequences and the critical binding residues from these proteins relevant to parasite invasion. Once such sequences have been identified, it will be possible to modify them to induce a strong immune response against P. falciparum in the experimental Aotus monkey model. This all leads towards developing multistage, multicomponent, subunit-based vaccines that will be effective in eradicating or controlling malaria caused by P. falciparum.
A Proposed Confinement Modulated Gap Nanowire Transistor Based on a Metal (Tin) (2012)

Energy bandgaps are observed to increase with decreasing diameter due to quantum confinement in quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures or nanowires. A similar effect is observed in semimetal nanowires for sufficiently small wire diameters: A bandgap is induced, and the semimetal nanowire becomes a semiconductor. We demonstrate that on the length scale on which the semimetal-semiconductor transition occurs, this enables the use of bandgap engineering to form a field-effect transistor near atomic dimensions and eliminates the need for doping in the transistor's source, channel, or drain. By removing the requirement to supply free carriers by introducing dopant impurities, quantum confinement allows for a materials engineering to overcome the primary obstacle to fabricating sub-5 nm transistors, enabling aggressive scaling to near atomic limits.
Thermodynamic Behavior of Metal Chlorides and Sulfates under the Conditions of Incineration Furnaces (1995)

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations performed with the program ChemSage reproduce the observed behavior of metals in refuse incineration furnaces and reveal general trends. Presentation of the results as a series of small graphs allows a quick overall view of the significant species. The calculations predict that all of the Hg present and most of the Cd and Pb volatilize, as is observed in practice. The amounts of Zn and Cu volatilized depend on the reduction conditions and on the amount of Cl present. As and Sb also volatilize, but Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni do not volatilize under the prevailing oxidizing conditions. The presence of sulfur stabilizes many of the metals in sulfate phases at low temperature but has little influence above 800 °C. Under locally reducing conditions, it may favor the volatilization of Sn as SnS. More detailed studies, in which comparison is made with data from industrial furnaces with measurements carried out under well-defined conditions, are required to answer specific questions.
Investigation of Zero Sequence Circulating Current Suppression for Parallel Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters Without Communication (2018)

The parallel three-phase grid-connected converters (GCCs) with common dc and ac buses can increase the system power level effectively. However, zero sequence circulating current (ZSCC) will occur inevitably. In this paper, the mechanisms and characteristics of ZSCC in two parallel three-phase GCCs are first investigated based on three typical cases. From the analysis, it was found that not all ZSCC can be suppressed. Generally speaking, ZSCC caused by inconsistent modulation voltages between modules cannot be effectively handled. And ZSCC caused by different injected zero sequence voltages (ZSVs) or asynchronous carriers can be suppressed. Based on the theoretical analysis, identical ZSV injection and carrier synchronization methods without communication are, thus, proposed to suppress ZSCC at the source, which are easily implemented without adding any hardware. Finally, the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed methods on ZSCC suppression are well-verified by experiments.
Synthesis, <i>In Vitro</i> Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibition, and Herbicidal Activity of <i>N</i>‐(Benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1<i>H</i>‐isoindole‐1,3‐diones and <i>N</i>‐(Benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1<i>H</i>‐isoindol‐1‐ones (2014)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) is one of the most significant targets for a large family of herbicides. As part of our continuous efforts to search for novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides, N-(benzothiazol-5-yl)tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione was selected as a lead compound for structural optimization, leading to the syntheses of a series of novel N-(benzothiazol-5-yl)hexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-diones (1a-o) and N-(benzothiazol-5-yl)hexahydro-1H-isoindol-1-ones (2a-i). These newly prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, (1) H NMR, and ESI-MS, and the structures of 1h and 2h were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The bioassays indicated that some compounds displayed comparable or higher protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibition activities in comparison with the commercial control. Very promising, compound 2a, ethyl 2-((6-fluoro-5-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-oxo-1H-isoindol-2(3H)-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-sulfanyl)acetate, was recognized as the most potent candidate with K(i) value of 0.0091 μm. Further greenhouse screening results demonstrated that some compounds exhibited good herbicidal activity against Chenopodium album at the dosage of 150 g/ha.
High temperature zincation of functionalized aromatics and heteroaromatics using TMPZnCl·LiCl and microwave irradiation (2009)

A wide range of functional aryl and heteroaryl zinc reagents have been efficiently prepared via regio- and chemoselective zincation using TMPZnCl.LiCl and microwave irradiation. Sensitive functional groups like esters are compatible with the high temperatures of the reactions. The resulting zinc species undergo a number of subsequent reactions, providing highly functionalized aromatics and heteroaromatics in high yields.
072 Fenfluramine directly inhibits cortical spreading depolarisation: a patho physiologic process linked to SUDEP (2022)

Rationale Fenfluramine substantially reduces rates of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in Dravet syndrome (Cross JH et al, AES 2020). Fenfluramine reduces respiratory arrest in the DBA/1 SUDEP mouse model (Tupal and Faingold, Epilepsia . 2019). Spreading depolarisation (SD) is a pathophysiologic event linked to cardiorespiratory collapse in SUDEP models. We report that fenfluramine inhibits SD, and explore its potential inhibitory mechanisms. Methods We examined the effects of fenfluramine on SD evoked by KCl or oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in cortical brain slices of adult C57Bl/6 mice. We also measured the effect on GABAAR-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) in vitro. Results Fenfluramine increased the threshold for SD events at clinically relevant concentration ranges (~10 µM). Blocking GABAARs with gabazine did not fully occlude SD inhibition by fenfluramine, suggesting that GABAAR potentiation is not involved in the inhibitory SD mechanism of fenfluramine. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that fenfluramine directly inhibits SD generation without acting via a neurovascular mechanism suggesting that SD inhibition could account for the decrease in expected rates of SUDEP in patients treated with fenfluramine.
Using decision diagrams to design ULMs for FPGAs (1998)

Many modern field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs) use lookup table (LUT) logic blocks which can be programmed to realize any function of a fixed number of inputs. It is possible to employ logic blocks that realize only a subset of all functions, while the rest can be obtained by permuting and negating the inputs such blocks, known as Universal Logic Modules (ULMs), have already been considered for application in FPGAs; we propose a new class of ULMs which is more useful in the FPGA environment. Methodology for systematic development of such blocks is presented, based on the BDD description of logic functions. We give an explicit construction of a three-input LUT replacement that requires only five programming bits, which is the optimum for such ULMs. A realistic size four-input LUT replacement is obtained which uses 13 programming bits.
Cell-edge inversion by interference cancellation for downlink cellular systems (2014)

We consider a novel method to improve the down-link data rate of cell-edge users in a cellular system, which is particularly well-suited for Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). The receivers are assumed to be able to cancel interference by simultaneously processing at most two codewords. Receivers may be served by either the closest cell or a neighboring cell; in the latter case, the receiver cancels the interference from its own cell transmission, and receives the other-cell transmission without this interference. A distributed network utility optimization problem is formulated to exploit this possibility. In a HetNet simulation, where proportional fair network utility is maximized, we observe significant gains for cell-edge users, accompanied by a moderate gain for the network capacity.
PCA Authentication of Facial Biometric in the Secure Randomized Mapping Domain (2008)

Without sufficient protection during the entire authentication procedure, biometrics cannot supersede traditional authentication methods. In this paper a new method of cancellable biometric transformation is presented. Random finite spaces are utilized to map the original facial biometrics into a secure domain, in which authentication can be accurately performed using PCA. Each face is mapped up using independent random spaces to generate a secure (cancellable) template. Replacing the previous random spaces results in a new cancellable template, this is issued from the same original image. Evaluation has shown significant accuracy and security improvements. Genuine and impostor distributions separation has been improved by 203.78%, leading to a 99.94% success rate, which also means that the error rate has been improved by 99.53%. The cancellable templates do not carry any visual information.
Lead Isotope Mapping of Crustal Reservoirs Within the Grenville Superterrane: I. Central and Southern Appalachians (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Analytical Techniques Concentration Data Lead Isotopes Some Regional Considerations Discussion and Tectonic Model
Optimal sizing and placement of battery energy storage in distribution system based on solar size for voltage regulation (2015)

This paper proposes a new strategy to achieve voltage regulation in distributed power systems in the presence of solar energy sources and battery storage systems. The goal is to find the minimum size of battery storage and its corresponding location in the network based on the size and place of the integrated solar generation. The proposed method formulates the problem by employing the network impedance matrix to obtain an analytical solution instead of using a recursive algorithm such as power flow. The required modifications for modeling the slack and PV buses (generator buses) are utilized to increase the accuracy of the approach. The use of reactive power control to regulate the voltage regulation is not always an optimal solution as in distribution systems R/X is large. In this paper the minimum size and the best place of battery storage is achieved by optimizing the amount of both active and reactive power exchanged by battery storage and its grid-tie inverter (GTI) based on the network topology and R/X ratios in the distribution system. Simulation results for the IEEE 14-bus system verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hamsters Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Develop Severe Disease following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a global health emergency. While most human disease is mild to moderate, some infections lead to a severe disease characterized by acute respiratory distress, hypoxia, anosmia, ageusia, and, in some instances, neurological involvement. Small-animal models reproducing severe disease, including neurological sequela, are needed to characterize the pathophysiological mechanism(s) of disease and to identify medical countermeasures. Transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) viral receptor under the control of the K18 promoter develop severe and lethal respiratory disease subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 intranasal challenge when high viral doses are used. Here, we report on SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters engineered to express the hACE2 receptor under the control of the K18 promoter. K18-hACE2 hamsters infected with a relatively low dose of 100 or 1,000 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 developed a severe and lethal disease, with most animals succumbing by day 5 postinfection. Hamsters developed severe lesions and inflammation within the upper and lower respiratory system, including infection of the nasal cavities causing marked destruction of the olfactory epithelium as well as severe bronchopneumonia that extended deep into the alveoli. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection spread to the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain stem and spinal cord. Wild-type (WT) hamsters naturally support SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the primary lesions present in the respiratory tract and nasal cavity. Overall, infection in the K18-hACE2 hamsters is more extensive than that in WT hamsters, with more CNS involvement and a lethal outcome. These findings demonstrate the K18-hACE2 hamster model will be valuable for studying SARS-CoV-2. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has created a global health emergency. While most human SARS-CoV-2 disease is mild, some people develop severe, life-threatening disease. Small-animal models mimicking the severe aspects of human disease are needed to more clearly understand the pathophysiological processes driving this progression. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters engineered to express the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 viral receptor under the control of the K18 promoter. SARS-CoV-2 produces a severe and lethal infection in transgenic hamsters that mirrors the most severe aspects of COVID-19 in humans, including respiratory and neurological injury. In contrast to other animal systems, hamsters manifest disease with levels of input virus more consistent with natural human infection. This system will be useful for the study of SARS-CoV-2 disease and the development of drugs targeting this virus.