gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Human Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complex in Plasma with an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1988)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the determination of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in human plasma. The test system follows the sandwich principle and uses two different antibodies directed against human thrombin and human antithrombin III, respectively. The antibodies bind selectively to the corresponding antigen moieties of TAT. The assay was calibrated with definite concentrations of preformed purified TAT added to TAT-poor plasma. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 microgram/l. Mean coefficients of variation of 4.2% (intraassay) and 3.5% (interassay) were found for TAT concentrations between 2 and 60 micrograms/l. A reference range from 0.85 to 3.2 micrograms/l was calculated from TAT concentration in plasma samples from 88 healthy donors (mean value +/- SD: 1.45 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l). In plasma samples from patients with pulmonary embolism (n = 17), TAT concentrations between 3 and 25 micrograms/l were measured. In 15 patients with deep vein thrombosis, TAT was found up to 3 to 25 micrograms/l. From these data we conclude that measurement of TAT can be a sensitive parameter for specific detection of a latent activation of the clotting pathway.
Music Scene Description Project: Toward Audio-Based Real-Time Music Understanding. (2003)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
JPEG2000 for Digital Cinema (2005)

JPEG2000 is the latest international standard for image compression. It combines state-of-the-art image compression performance with a rich feature set JPEG2000 codestreams are highly scalable. Many different image products can be extracted from a JPEG2000 code-stream without decompression. For instance, lower resolution and/or lower quality imagery may be extracted from a compressed codestream of higher resolution and/or higher quality. Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) has selected JPEG2000 for future distribution of motion pictures. This selection was based in part on the fact that JPEG2000 is an open international standard that can support both 2K and 4K resolution projectors from a single codestream. The JPEG2000 feature set is discussed, followed by a high-level description of the JPEG2000 algorithm.
Students’ and tutors’ perceptions of feedback on academic essays in an open and distance learning context (2015)

Feedback is the most important aspect of the learning and teaching process. Through feedback, tutors/lecturers provide an important intervention in teaching as students would always like to know where they did right or wrong in their written assessed work. Without feedback, learning is not complete. This article reports on the results of a major study on academic writing of first year English Second Language university students in open and distance learning context. The study probed both students’ perceptions and tutors’ practices in the provision of giving feedback. Marked students’ assignments were evaluated using document analysis method and interviews were held with students and tutors. The findings show that feedback provided to students is not always sufficient and therefore denying students’ opportunities to learn effectively as they would not know their weak and strong points.
Ionic Liquid-Based Microemulsions in Catalysis (2016)

The design and properties of surface-active ionic liquids that are able to form stable microemulsions with heptane and water are presented, and their promise as reaction media for thermomorphic palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is demonstrated.
Point‐of‐care diagnosis of tuberculosis: Past, present and future (2012)

Diagnosis represents only one aspect of tuberculosis (TB) control but is perhaps one of the most challenging. The drawbacks of current tools highlight several unmet needs in TB diagnosis, that is, necessity for accuracy, rapidity of diagnosis, affordability, simplicity and the ability to generate same-day results at point-of-care (POC). When a return visit is required to access test results, time to treatment is prolonged, and default rates are significant. However, a good diagnostic tool is also critically dependent on obtaining an adequate biological sample. Here, we review the accuracy and potential impact of established and newer potential POC diagnostic tests for TB, including smear microscopy, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid) and the Determine TB lipoarabinomannan antigen test (Alere). Novel experimental approaches and detection technologies for POC diagnosis of active TB, including nucleic acid amplification tests, detection of volatile organic compounds or metabolites, mass spectroscopy, microfluidics, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical approaches, and aptamers among others, are discussed. We also discuss future applications, including the potential POC diagnosis of drug-resistant TB and presumed latent TB infection. Challenges to the development and roll-out of POC tests for TB are also reviewed.
Flexible Sensors Based on Nanoparticles (2013)

Flexible sensors can be envisioned as promising components for smart sensing applications, including consumer electronics, robotics, prosthetics, health care, safety equipment, environmental monitoring, homeland security and space flight. The current review presents a concise, although admittedly nonexhaustive, didactic review of some of the main concepts and approaches related to the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in flexible sensors. The review attempts to pull together different views and terminologies used in the NP-based sensors, mainly those established via electrical transduction approaches, including, but, not confined to: (i) strain-gauges, (ii) flexible multiparametric sensors, and (iii) sensors that are unaffected by mechanical deformation. For each category, the review presents and discusses the common fabrication approaches and state-of-the-art results. The advantages, weak points, and possible routes for future research, highlighting the challenges for NP-based flexible sensors, are presented and discussed as well.
Reconstructing algebraic functions from mixed data (1992)

The authors consider the task of reconstructing algebraic functions given by black boxes. Unlike traditional settings, they are interested in black boxes which represent several algebraic functions-f/sub 1/, . . ., f/sub k/, where at each input x, the box arbitarrily chooses a subset of f/sub 1/(x), . . ., f/sub k/(x) to output. They show how to reconstruct the functions f/sub 1/,. . ., f/sub k/ from the black box. This allows them to group the same points into sets, such that for each set, all outputs to points in the set are from the same algebraic function. The methods are robust in the presence of errors in the black box. The model and techniques can be applied in the areas of computer vision, machine learning, curve fitting and polynomial approximation, self-correcting programs and bivariate polynomial factorization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SimMeme: A Search Engine for Internet Memes (2019)

As more and more social network users interact through Internet Memes, an emerging popular type of captioned images, there is a growing need for users to quickly retrieve the right Meme for a given situation. As opposed conventional image search, visually similar Memes may reflect different concepts. Intent is sometimes captured by user annotations (e.g., tags), but these are often incomplete and ambiguous. Thus, a deeper analysis of the relations among Memes is required for an accurate, custom search. To address this problem, we present SimMeme, a Meme-dedicated search engine. SimMeme uses a generic graph-based data model that aligns various types of information about the Memes with a semantic ontology. A novel similarity measure that effectively considers all incorporated data is employed and serves as the foundation of our system. Our experimental results achieve using common evaluation metrics and crowd feedback, over a large repository of real-life annotated Memes, show that in the task of Meme retrieval, SimMeme outperforms state-of-the-art solutions for image retrieval.
An ultrasonic visual sensor for three-dimensional object recognition using neural networks (1992)

By combining ultrasonic imaging with neural networks, the authors have developed a 3-D object recognition system for use in robotic vision. Ultrasonic imaging is used to calculate the initial 3-D images of the objects. These images are then passed to neural networks that identify object categories, estimate object locations, and improve 3-D images. The authors explain the 3-D ultrasonic imaging method, propose three neural network structures for 3-D image analysis, and demonstrate the practicability of the system through experimental results, which show that quick and accurate recognition can be achieved using only a small set of transducers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Guiding the Immune Response against Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin toward the Conserved Stalk Domain by Hyperglycosylation of the Globular Head Domain (2013)

Influenza virus hemagglutinin consists of a highly variable and immunodominant head domain and a more conserved but immunosubdominant stalk domain. We introduced seven N-linked glycosylation sites in the hemagglutinin head domain to shield the immunodominant antigenic sites. The hyperglycosylated hemagglutinin enhanced stalk-directed seroreactivity while dampening the head response in immunized mice. Upon influenza virus challenge, mice vaccinated with the hyperglycosylated hemagglutinin were better protected against morbidity and mortality than mice receiving the wild-type hemagglutinin.
Enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub> Affinity in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity by Amine Modification (2014)

Nitrile groups in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 were reduced to primary amines using borane complexes. In adsorption experiments, the novel amine-PIM-1 showed higher CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and higher CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> sorption selectivity than the parent polymer, with very evident dual-mode sorption behavior. In gas permeation with six light gases, the individual contributions of solubility and diffusion to the overall permeability was determined via time-lag analysis. The high CO<sub>2</sub> affinity drastically restricts diffusion at low pressures and lowers CO<sub>2</sub> permeability compared to the parent PIM-1. Furthermore, the size-sieving properties of the polymer are increased, which can be attributed to a higher stiffness of the system arising from hydrogen bonding of the amine groups. Thus, for the H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> gas pair, whereas PIM-1 favors CO<sub>2</sub>, amine-PIM-1 shows permselectivity toward H<sub>2</sub>, breaking the Robeson 2008 upper bound.
Local constitutive parameters of metamaterials (2006)

The reason of the non-locality of constitutive (material) parameters extracted in a usual way from the reflection-transmission coefficients of composite slab at moderately low frequencies is explained. The physical meaning of these parameters is clarified. Local constitutive parameters of metamaterial lattices are discussed and their existence at moderate frequencies is demonstrated. It is shown how to extract local material parameters from the dispersion characteristics of an infinite lattice and from reflection and transmission coefficients of metamaterial layers.
Wrinkled polypyrrole electrode for electroactive polymer actuators (2002)

As an electrode for a bending-electrostrictive polyurethane actuator, we prepared a wrinkled polypyrrole electrode, expecting the following two effects because the wrinkled electrode could easily elongate by smoothing the wrinkles: (1) conductivity of the electrode would not decrease with the field-induced surface elongation of the actuator, and (2) the electrode would not constrain the actuation. The wrinkled electrode was prepared through in situ deposition of polypyrrole onto the polyurethane elastomer film that was being uniaxially drawn. After the deposition, the film was released from the drawing to make the electrode wrinkle. The conductivity of the wrinkled electrode did not decrease at elongation rates less than 40%. The bending actuation of the polyurethane film with the wrinkled electrode was improved more than twice that as compared with an unwrinkled one. In addition, doping the polyurethane with sodium acetate also improved the actuation. By these improvements, the bending actuation reached 7 mm in radius of curvature within 0.2 s when the applied voltage was 1000 V.
Successful Application of Innovative Reaming and Completion Technology in Williston Basin Wells (2013)

Abstract In multiple wells in the Williston Basin of North Dakota, introduction of a new reaming tool utilized for dedicated reaming and reaming-while-drilling operations has been introduced successfully in over 140 wells. This new tool has increased the percentage of packers going to total depth (TD) in a single trip in Williston Basin wells, where it is critical that wellbore condition enables multiple packers to be run and set at TD in a timely fashion in a single trip. Additionally enhanced packer design, in combination with a better understanding of well bore conditions as well as improved torque and drag reductions, has led to additional field successes. Historically this has not been the case in a number of wells, and information will be provided on certain of those instances. The reaming tools are currently bring used in reaming-while-drilling scenarios to eliminate the need for a dedicated reamer run in each well; this saves two to three rig days. These tools can be built as steel or non-magnetic (non-mag) tools; hence, they can be run anywhere in the BHA plus be used to drill out. They reduce spiraling in the well bore, thereby reducing the risk of sticking the liner assembly before reaching TD. Operators are 100% successful with packers going to TD when using this technology. In addition, current BHA modeling techniques and field use documents that use of the tools presents no significant steerability issues and no loss in penetration rate while still enabling subsequent installation of multiple packers. This proved critical in these North Dakota wells, where the application can require running as many as 35 swell packers to bottom. Also provided is input on certain packer designs that can be used in combination with these new reaming technologies to improve the chances for going to TD in a single run. Finally, the paper addresses the economic impact of this reamer application in what can be a half-million dollar operation per well, and notes the on-going progress of reaming-while-drilling efforts to date.
Career Information, Guidance and Counselling Services (2001)

Throughout member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a number of important policy directions are placing increasing demands upon career information and guidance services. A growing emphasis upon lifelong learning for all and active employment and welfare policies are among the more important. Yet alongside these pressures for wider community access to career assistance services, recent OECD work reveals weaknesses in the organisation and delivery of career information, guidance and counselling. A key challenge facing governments is to widen access to these services in an affordable way and yet to maintain their quality. This paper describes a new OECD activity on policies for career information, guidance and counselling services that will examine this challenge.
Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm (2016)

Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low level laser therapy (tLLLT) relies on the use of red/NIR light to stimulate, preserve and regenerate cells and tissues. The mechanism of action involves photon absorption in the mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase), and ion channels in cells leading to activation of signaling pathways, up-regulation of transcription factors, and increased expression of protective genes. We have studied PBM for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice using a NIR laser spot delivered to the head. Mice had improved memory and learning, increased neuroprogenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, increased BDNF and more synaptogenesis in the cortex. These highly beneficial effects on the brain suggest that the applications of tLLLT are much broader than at first conceived. Other groups have studied stroke (animal models and clinical trials), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
Vitamin D receptor is not required for the rapid actions of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> to increase intracellular calcium and activate protein kinase C in mouse osteoblasts (2002)

The rapid, non-genomic actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] have been well described, however, the role of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) in this pathway remains unclear. To address this question, we used VDR(+/+) and VDR(-/-) osteoblasts isolated from wild-type and VDR null mice to study the increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Within 1 min of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (100 nM) treatment, an increase of 58 and 53 nM in [Ca(2+)](i) (n = 3) was detected in VDR(+/+) and VDR(-/-) cells, respectively. By 5 min, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) caused a 2.1- and 1.9-fold increase (n = 6) in the phosphorylation of PKC substrate peptide acetylated-MBP(4-14) in VDR(+/+) and VDR(-/-) osteoblasts. The 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced phosphorylation was abolished by GF109203X, a general PKC inhibitor, in both cell types, confirming that the secosteroid induced PKC activity. Moreover, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment resulted in the same degree of translocation of PKC-alpha and PKC-delta, but not of PKC-zeta, from cytosol to plasma membrane in both VDR(+/+) and VDR(-/-) cells. These experiments demonstrate that the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced rapid increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and PKC activity are neither mediated by, nor dependent upon, a functional nuclear VDR in mouse osteoblasts. Thus, VDR is not essential for these rapid actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in osteoblasts.
Implementation of Distance-Based Simulation Training Programs for Healthcare Professionals: Breaking Barriers During COVID-19 Pandemic. (2021)

The sudden rise of critically ill patients secondary to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered a surge in healthcare response. This project's goal was to provide essential cognitive and technical skills to healthcare professionals returning to the workforce or reassigned to critical care clinical duties during the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan included the implementation of 4 distance-based simulation training programs, with asynchronous personalized feedback. The courses allowed the acquisition of skills for the complete critical care patient management chain: use of personal protection equipment, use of a high-flow nasal cannula, endotracheal intubation, and prone positioning. Participants logged into the platform, reviewed material, practiced while recording the session, and uploaded the video through the training platform. The expert tutor remotely delivered asynchronous feedback. Participants trained remotely until achieving course approval. Remote-based simulation seems a feasible and attractive alternative to provide adequate educational solutions, especially for remote and rural areas.
Endoscopic screening and surveillance for Barrett's esophagus--clinical implications. (2006)

There is now a clear causal relationship between symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal adenocarcinoma (Lagergren et al, 1999). The risk factor is now identified as Barrett's metaplasia (Solaymani et al, 2004). Chronic reflux results in Barrett's metaplastic change, and the route to carcinoma is a stepwise progression, through dysplasia to invasive carcinoma (Jankowski et al, 2000). Earlier-stage disease is found in patients undergoing surveillance and is the major predictor of survival following surgery (Fountoulakis et al, 2004). Screening and surveillance by endoscopic biopsy regimen has profound implications for the allocation of healthcare resources and the provision of clinical services. Screening a high-risk group such as men with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) will result in the detection of more patients with Barrett's esophagus, many of whom are asymptomatic. Once detected, questions remain as to surveillance intervals and the current methodology for surveillance. There are profound challenges with the accurate endoscopic and pathologic detection and categorization of Barrett's metaplasia, dysplasia , and, indeed, cancer. New endoscopic detection methods are being investigated to improve the diagnosis and definition of the premalignant phenotype. The detection of dysplasia requires increased surveillance and usually intervention either endoscopically or with surgery.
Determination of Charge-Carrier Mobility in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Impedance Spectroscopy in Presence of Localized States (2008)

The determination of charge-carrier mobility in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the presence of localized states by impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements is carried out. The influences of localized-state distributions on charge-carrier mobility determination by IS measurements are examined on the basis of a theory for single-injection space-charge-limited current. It is shown that the drift mobilities of OLEDs can be determined by IS measurements even in the presence of localized states. It is also shown that distributed localized states cause low frequency behavior of capacitance (an increase in capacitance with decreasing frequency). Measurements of the characteristic temperatures of conduction- and valence-band tail states are demonstrated in polyfluorene-based LUMATIONTM (SumationTM) Green 1300 Series light-emitting polymers.
The role of neighborhood relative frequency in spoken word recognition (2002)

According to current models of word recognition, the time to recognize a word would be affected by the frequency of its neighbors. The study examined the role of neighborhood frequency in spoken word recognition, using a definition of the neighborhood in terms of the last candidates of the cohort aligned from onset with the input. Two sets of disyllabic CVCV words were selected which differed by the relative frequency of occurrence of their more frequent neighbor (one set of words having no more frequent neighbor, and the other at least one). They were compared in three different tasks: lexical decision, repetition and gating. No effect of relative frequency was obtained either with the lexical decision task, or the repetition task. The gating task also failed to show reliable evidence for the influence of neighborhood frequency on both recognition points and isolation points (for which subjects' confidence is not taken into account). The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the competitor space of a spoken word.
IBM Watson Analytics: Automating Visualization, Descriptive, and Predictive Statistics (2016)

IBMWA is a new alternative for data analytics software that automates descriptive, predictive, and visual analytics. This program is very user-friendly but requires data preprocessing, statistical conceptual understanding, and domain expertise.
Use of a HpaII-polymerase chain reaction assay to study DNA methylation in the Pgk-1 CpG island of mouse embryos at the time of X-chromosome inactivation. (1990)

A HpaII-PCR assay was used to study DNA methylation in individual mouse embryos. It was found that HpaII site H-7 in the CpG island of the X-chromosome-linked Pgk-1 gene is less than or equal to 10% methylated in oocytes and male embryos but becomes 40% methylated in female embryos at 6.5 days; about the time of X-chromosome inactivation of the inner cell mass.