gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three- and four-photon absorption of a multiphoton absorbing fluorescent probe (2004)

High-order multiphoton excitation processes are becoming a reality for fluorescence imaging and phototherapy treatment because they afford minimization of scattered light losses and a reduction of unwanted linear absorption in the living organism transparency window, making them less susceptible to photodamage, while improving the irradiation penetration depth and spatial resolution. We report the four-photon-excited fluorescence emission of (7-benzothiazol-2-yl-9,-didecylfluoren-2-yl)-diphenylamine in hexane and its four-photon absorption cross section sigma(4)' = 8.1 x 10(-109) cm(8) s(3) photon(-3) for the transition S-0 -- > S-1 when excited at 1600 nm with a tunable optical parametric generator (OPG) pumped by picosecond laser pulses. When pumped at 1200 run, three-photon absorption was observed, corresponding to the same transition. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America.
Towards Continuous Authentication in Internet of Things Based on Secret Sharing Scheme (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel continuous authentication protocol for the Internet of Things based on secret sharing scheme. This protocol provides secure and efficient authentication for frequent message transmissions in short session time intervals. The protocol introduces a novel use of secret sharing scheme, that is, the secret is used as an authenticator and the shares are used as authenticator tokens. Each token is an outcome of a function of time that binds the secret share to a specific point in time during the session such that the share can only be revealed in that specific time. The share can be linked back to the secret and, hence, the message source can be authenticated. Security evaluation of the protocol shows that it fulfills the stated security requirements and addresses the listed attacks. Performance evaluation of the protocol shows that it is lightweight in terms of computation and communication costs, thus addressing the resource-constrained IoT endpoints.
Biodistribution of Indium 111-Labeled Dihematoporphyrin Ether in Papillomas and Body Tissues: Relevance to Photodynamic Therapy (1989)

Hematoporphyrin derivative and its newly purified form, dihematoporphyrin ether, have been shown to localize selectively in malignant tissues and virally induced papillomas. Its use as a probe to distinguish tumors from normal tissues has been largely based on its fluorescence when activated by UV light. These findings are largely subjective, and a direct correlation to its use as a photosensitizing agent to selectively kill transformed cells when activated by an appropriate wavelength of light could not be made. The efficacy of dihematoporphyrin ether photodynamic therapy to selectively kill papillomavirus-transformed cells is based on the increased localization of dihematoporphyrin ether within these tissues as compared with normal tissues. Using cottontail rabbit papillomavirus, cutaneous papillomas were induced on the backs of Dutch belted rabbits. Dihematoporphyrin ether was labeled with indium 111 and intravenously injected into the rabbits. The animals were scanned twice daily for indium 111 activity on a large-field-of-view gamma camera. At 50 hours after injection, the rabbits were killed and papillomas, skin, and major organs collected for biodistribution studies. The results of this study and their relationship to dihematoporphyrin ether photodynamic therapy for the treatment of virally induced papilloma disease is discussed.
The Effect of Breed, Parity, and Stage of Lactation on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Milk Fat from Dairy Cows (2003)

Dairy products are the main source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a functional food component with health benefits. The major source of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat is endogenous synthesis via delta9-desaturase from trans-11 18:1, with the remainder from incomplete rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid. Diet has a major influence on milk fat CLA; however, effects of physiological factors have received little attention. Our objectives were to examine milk fat content of CLA and the CLA-desaturase index with regard to: 1) effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation, and 2) variation among individuals and the relationship to milk and milk fat. Holstein (n = 113) and Brown Swiss (n = 106) cows were fed a single diet and milk sampled on the same day to avoid confounding effects of diet and season. Frequency distributions demonstrated that milk fat content of CLA and CLA-desaturase index varied over threefold among individuals, and this needs to be considered in the design of experiments. Holsteins had a higher milk fat content of CLA and CLA-desaturase index, but breed differences were minor. Parity and days in milk also had little or no relationship to the individual variation for these two CLA variables. Breed, parity, and days in milk accounted for < 0.1, < 0.3, and < 2.0% of total variation in CLA concentration in milk fat, respectively. Milk fat content of CLA and CLA-desaturase index were essentially independent of milk yield, milk fat percent, and milk fat yield. We speculate that the basis for the genetic variation among individuals is related to rumen output of trans-11 18:1 and to a lesser extent cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and to the tissue amount and activity of delta9-desaturase.
Novel peptides derived from neuropeptide Y prevent chemotherapy-induced bone marrow damage by regulating hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment (2018)

Chemotherapy-induced bone marrow damage is accompanied by acute nerve injury in the bone marrow (BM), resulting in sensory and autonomic neuropathy. Cisplatin, a popular chemotherapy drugs, induces the impairment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow regeneration, leading to chronic bone marrow abnormalities. Previously, we reported the protective roles of neuropeptide Y (NPY) against cisplatin-induced bone marrow impairment. In this study, we identified novel peptides, generated from full-length NPY that rescued cisplatin-induced sensory neuropathy and HSC suppression by regulating cell survival in the BM microenvironment. One of these peptides, especially, showed a better protective property against these impairments compared to that seen in full-length NPY. Therefore, we suggest the NPY sequences most effective against the chemotherapy-induced bone marrow dysfunction that could be potentially useful as therapeutic agents for patients receiving chemotherapy.
Investigation of Post CHOPS Enhanced Oil Recovery of Alkali Metal Silicide Technology (2014)

Abstract Alkali metal silicides have ability to enhance oil recovery in a variety of light, medium and heavy oil reservoirs. These chemicals, which include the silicides of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and lithium (Li), are free-flowing granules or very fine powders that are applied downhole in hydrocarbon dispersions. When introduced into a formation through an appropriate non-aqueous carrier fluid, these materials rapidly react with the water in the reservoir pore space, releasing hydrogen gas and heat, and converting into alkali silicates. The silicide-water reaction combined with the flooding process provides multiple mechanisms in the reservoir to enhance oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery mechanisms include: energy addition through the generation of hydrogen; oil viscosity reductions due to hydrogen solubilization, temperature increase and solvent dilution from the carrier fluid; interfacial tension reduction due to in-situ surfactant generation from interaction of the crude oil organic acids in the reservoir oil with the alkalinity from the produced silicates; and potential improvement of water wettability in carbonate reservoirs. This one chemical combines the effects of thermal, drive energy and chemical mechanisms. In this work, a field-scale numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of cyclically injecting an alkali metal silicide into the wormhole structures of a post CHOPS (cold heavy oil production with sand) reservoir. The Computer Modeling Group's (CMG) STARS simulator was used to perform the simulations; the model consists of six vertical wells with wormhole structures developed using proprietary wormhole growth models that are based on actual field production histories from a representative CHOPS field in Canada (the Lloydminster, Alberta and Saskatchewan region). Multiple simulation cases were run to investigate the effects of injected cycle volume, cycle time, injection rate and silicide concentration. A sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters affecting the slurry model and dispersion rates of the silicide in the reservoir. The preliminary economics of the process were calculated and used to identify an optimized and cost-effective injection strategy, which can subsequently be used as a basis to design a field trial application. The study results showed that the cyclic injection of sodium silicide in a post CHOPS reservoir can in fact improve the recovery of oil in place. The study shows that the predominant recovery mechanism is likely the pressure maintenance of the reservoir that provides energy for continued oil production. This, coupled with secondary oil viscosity reductions, enable the cyclic injection of silicide to increase production for an additional 5 to 10 years, thereby adding 25 to 50% to recoverable reserves under favorable economics. This paper discusses the impacts of the in situ generation of heat, hydrogen and alkali silicate for post CHOPS augmentation and summarizes the key findings of the simulation study and economic modeling.
Application of Rapid Dot Blot Immunoassay for Detection of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Enteritidis in Eggs, Poultry, and Other Foods (2001)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was detected in artificially inoculated eggs within 24 h through a rapid monoclonal antibody-based dot blot immunoassay. Detection in poultry and other products required 28 h. Samples were directly enriched in homogenized egg without the need for pre- or postenrichment steps. Serovar Enteritidis was detected in the presence of other bacteria when outcompeted 1:400.
Scanning microscopy using a short-focal-length Fresnel zone plate (2009)

We demonstrate a form of scanning microscopy using a short-focal-length Fresnel zone plate and a low-NA relay telescope. Owing to a focal length of only 5 microm, the zone plate produces large wavefront tilt and consequently severe vignetting for off-axis illumination. By scanning an optically trapped fluorescent sphere, we measure the vignetted collection region of the zone-plate imaging system. The fluorescence collection efficiency is sharply peaked and has a lateral width of 550 nm, which agrees with numerical simulations.
Nickel-Catalyzed Dearomative <i>trans</i>-1,2-Carboamination (2018)

We describe the development of an arenophile-mediated, nickel-catalyzed dearomative trans-1,2-carboamination protocol. A range of readily available aromatic compounds was converted to the corresponding dienes using Grignard reagents as nucleophiles. This strategy provided products with exclusive trans-selectivity and high enantioselectivity was observed in case of benzene and naphthalene. The utility of this methodology was showcased by controlled and stereoselective preparation of small, functionalized molecules.
Regioselective Synthesis of Chromones via Cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira Coupling Catalyzed by Highly Active Bridged-Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene)Palladium(II) Complexes (2020)

The one-pot regioselective and catalytic synthesis of bioactive chromones and flavones was achieved via phosphine-free cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions of 2-iodophenols with aryl alkynes, alkyl alkynes, and dialkynes. The reactions are catalyzed by new dibromidobis(NHC)palladium(II) complexes. The new bridged <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-substituted benzimidazolium salts (<b>L1</b>, <b>L2</b>, and <b>L3</b>) and their palladium complexes <b>C1</b>, <b>C2</b>, and <b>C3</b> were designed, prepared, and fully characterized using different physical and spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structures of complexes <b>C1</b> and <b>C3</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. They showed a distorted square planar geometry, where the Pd(II) ion is bonded to the carbon atoms of two cis NHC carbene ligands and two cis bromido anions. These complexes displayed a high catalytic activity in cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions with low catalyst loadings. The regioselectivity of these reactions was controlled by using diethylamine as the base and DMF as the solvent.
Design principles for developing stream processing applications (2010)

Abstract Stream processing applications are used to ingest, process, and analyze continuous data streams from heterogeneous sources of live and stored data, generating streams of output results. These applications are, in many cases, complex, large‐scale, low‐latency, and distributed in nature. In this paper, we describe the design principles and architectural underpinnings for stream processing applications. These principles are distilled from our experience in building real‐world applications both for internal use as well as with customers from several industrial and academic domains. We provide principles, guidelines, as well as appropriate implementation examples to highlight the different aspects of stream processing application design and development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochemical generation of a new, highly fluorescent compound from non-fluorescent resveratrol (2012)

UV irradiation of trans-resveratrol leads to its photochemical transformation to a new, highly fluorescent compound, whose chemical structure was unambiguously identified. The new compound has large values of fluorescence quantum yield, Stokes' shift, and two-photon absorption cross section, which make it suitable for bio-imaging, multi-color labeling, and two-photon microscopy.
REAL-TIME OPTICAL BTU MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS AT LINE PRESSURE (1999)

A method and device have been developed which accurately measure the BTU content of hydrocarbons at pipeline conditions. The cost of this device will allow some users who currently collect samples to have the advantages of on-line BTU measurement. The device measures, reports, and logs the BTU value per unit volume several times per minute. As the cell is nearly isobaric with the pipeline, the energy flow through the pipeline can be computed directly as the product of the BTU value per unit volume times volumetric flow rate. BTU and composition are measured via optical absorption spectroscopy in the vicinity of 900 nm using a spectrograph and a silicon array detector. In contrast to longer infrared wavelengths, the natural gas absorption spectrum in this spectral region is a linear combination of the spectra of the component species. The observed spectrum can therefore be accurately fit to yield the concentration, in molecules per unit volume, of all C1 to C6 hydrocarbon components and water. The energy content of the components is then summed to yield the BTU per unit volume. Additional information such as the compressibility, density, and specific gravity can also be obtained from the measured gas compositions.
Object Recognition Using 3D tag-based RFID System (2006)

RFID (radio frequency identification) technology has been rapidly and widely applied to various applications. Recently, RFID has been suggested as technology that supports object recognition. This paper introduces the advanced RFID-based recognition. The proposed RFID system not only identifies the existence of the object, but also estimates object's orientation and location. These characteristics considerably reduce the dependence on other sensors which are required for recognizing objects. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of our system and present a novel tag named a 3D tag. The estimation methods of location and orientation using the system are discussed
Ataxia-telangiectasia: mutations in ATM cDNA detected by protein-truncation screening. (1996)

We have examined the distal half of the ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) gene transcript for truncation mutations in 48 A-T affecteds. We found 21 mutations; 4 of the mutations were seen in more than one individual. Genotyping of the individuals sharing mutations, by using nearby microsatellite markers, established that three of the four groups shared common haplotypes, indicating that these were probably founder effects, not public mutations. The one public mutation was found in two American families, one of Ashkenazi Jewish background and the other not. Most truncations deleted the PI3-kinase domain, although some exceptions to this were found in patients with typical A-T phenotypes. All patients not previously known to be consanguineous were found to be compound heterozygotes when mutations could be identified--that is, normal and abnormal protein segments were seen on SDS-PAGE gels. All 48 patients gave RT-PCR products, indicating the presence of relatively stable mRNAs despite their mutations. These results suggest that few public mutations or hot spots can be expected in the A-T gene and that epidemiological studies of A-T carrier status and associated health risks will have to be designed around populations with frequent founder-effect mutations, despite the obvious limitations of this approach.
A New Wideband Circularly Polarized Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna (2010)

Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) have been targeted in the past two decades as a potential solution for wideband antennas. Although DRAs offer wider frequency band and smaller size than patch antennas, their design to obtain good circular polarization over a wide frequency band can be challenging. In this letter, a new hybrid DRA has been investigated to produce circular polarization over a wide frequency band. The targeted application is to produce a compact antenna for satellite navigation systems. The obtained design was fabricated and measured, showing impedance matching from 1.08 to 1.82 GHz, i.e. over 50% bandwidth. The radiation characteristics of the antennas were also characterized. The achieved gain is over 1.5 dBic, and the axial ratio (AR) is under 1 dB at boresight over the 1.131.63 GHz frequency band. The half-power beamwidth is greater than 75°, and the axial ratio beamwidth (AR < 3 dB) is over 100° .
Efficient Frame Erasure Concealment in Predictive Speech Codecs using Glottal Pulse Resynchronisation (2007)

Error propagation after a frame loss is an important factor in quality degradation for predictive speech coders. This is mainly due to the lack of synchronization in the adaptive codebook in the good frames following a frame erasure. This article presents a method for resynchronizing the glottal pulse after an erased frame. The method uses an extra frame delay at the decoder, and can be applied with or without additional side information. The approach has been implemented in the G.729.1 standard and results in improved decoder convergence after erased frames. Subjective tests have demonstrated that this improves perceived quality in the presence of frame erasures.
Preliminary pneumoperitoneum facilitates transgastric access into the peritoneal cavity for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: A pilot study in a live porcine model (2007)

Creation of a preliminary pneumoperitoneum with a Veress needle facilitates gastric wall puncture and entrance into the peritoneal cavity without injury to adjacent organs, and can improve the safety of NOTES.
A continuing challenge: N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed syntheses of γ-butyrolactones (2018)

Catalytic, stereoselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions facilitate efficient construction of many different heterocyclic compounds, such as the enantioenriched 5-membered (γ) lactones highlighted in this tutorial review. Herein, various strategies to enable formal [3+2] type annulations between electrophilic carbonyl equivalents and homoenolate nucleophiles for the synthesis of γ-lactones are summarized.
Preferential Associations of Alleles of Three Distinct Genes Argue for the Existence of Two Prototype Variants of Human Herpesvirus 7 (1999)

We had previously described six distinct alleles of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). The genetic changes corresponding to these alleles did not affect gB gene transcription or translation in in vitro assays. The study of distinct HHV-7-positive human samples showed preferential associations of some gB alleles with some alleles of two other genes, distantly located on the HHV-7 genome, coding for the phosphoprotein p100 (p100) and the major capsid protein (MCP). Two allele combinations, corresponding to 44 and 31% of the samples studied, respectively, were interpreted as the genetic signatures of two major prototype HHV-7 variants.
CD33 recruitment inhibits IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and desensitizes mast cells to allergen (2019)

Allergen immunotherapy for patients with allergies begins with weekly escalating doses of allergen under medical supervision to monitor and treat IgE mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. There is currently no treatment to safely desensitize mast cells to enable robust allergen immunotherapy with therapeutic levels of allergen. Here, we demonstrated that liposomal nanoparticles bearing an allergen and a high-affinity glycan ligand of the inhibitory receptor CD33 profoundly suppressed IgE-mediated activation of mast cells, prevented anaphylaxis in Tg mice with mast cells expressing human CD33, and desensitized mice to subsequent allergen challenge for several days. We showed that high levels of CD33 were consistently expressed on human skin mast cells and that the antigenic liposomes with CD33 ligand prevented IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in slices of human lung. The results demonstrated the potential of exploiting CD33 to desensitize mast cells to provide a therapeutic window for administering allergen immunotherapy without triggering anaphylaxis.
A phase II study of pomegranate extract for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following primary therapy. (2011)

11 Background: Pomegranate extract (POMx) demonstrates promising antitumor effects in prostate cancer (PCA). Prior published work reveals an increase in PSA doubling time (PSADT) in a single arm study of pomegranate juice (POM) in PCA patients (pts) with a rising PSA after local therapy. We sought to determine the effects of low (1 gram) or high (3 grams) daily POMx on PSADT in a similar but broader population of men seeking to defer androgen deprivation therapy. Methods: Our multi-center, double bind phase II trial randomized men with rising PSA and without metastases to receive high or low dose POMx, stratified by baseline PSADT and Gleason score, and with no restrictions for PSADT and no upper limit PSA value. Men were treated until progression or for 18 months. PSA levels were obtained every 3 months. This study was designed to detect a 6 month increase in PSADT from baseline. Results: 104 patients were enrolled and treated for up to 6 (92%), 12 (70%) and 18 months (36%). Median PSADT lengthened in the Intent to treat population (96% white, median age 74.5 years, median Gleason score 7) from baseline 11.9 (range 1.6-54.6) compared to 18.5 (2-1523) months after treatment (p<.001).There was no significant treatment difference on PSADT between the dose groups (p=.920). Declining PSA levels were observed in 13 pts (13%) during the study. No significant changes occurred in testosterone in either group. Although no clinically significant toxicities were seen, mild to moderate diarrhea was seen in 8 pts (7.7%). Conclusions: POMx treatment significantly increased the PSADT by over 6 months in both treatment arms, with no effect on testosterone. This IND-conducted study confirms slowing of PSADT after treatment with POMx as was found with POM, yet in a PCA patient population with greater high risk progression features. [Table: see text]