gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristic-Guided Reinforcement Learning (2021)

We provide a framework for accelerating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms by heuristics constructed from domain knowledge or offline data. Tabula rasa RL algorithms require environment interactions or computation that scales with the horizon of the sequential decision-making task. Using our framework, we show how heuristic-guided RL induces a much shorter-horizon subproblem that provably solves the original task. Our framework can be viewed as a horizon-based regularization for controlling bias and variance in RL under a finite interaction budget. On the theoretical side, we characterize properties of a good heuristic and its impact on RL acceleration. In particular, we introduce the novel concept of an improvable heuristic, a heuristic that allows an RL agent to extrapolate beyond its prior knowledge. On the empirical side, we instantiate our framework to accelerate several state-of-the-art algorithms in simulated robotic control tasks and procedurally generated games. Our framework complements the rich literature on warm-starting RL with expert demonstrations or exploratory datasets, and introduces a principled method for injecting prior knowledge into RL.
Formalism for content-based retrieval multimedia systems (2002)

It is recognized that developing a formalism for content-based multimedia systems is essential for developing sufficiently reliable and mission critical applications. The paper tries to formalize the whole paradigm of content-based multimedia retrieval. The formalism will provide a generic criterion for system evaluation, and methods to customize the system engine to applications. It is believed that this formalism adds semantics to multimedia systems and leads the database technology from tool level into application level.
Pâture extraordinaire du poète (2018)

Cette étude propose de lire « Fêtes de la faim » comme manifeste d’une poétique et rapport de divers stades de sa mise en œuvre. Plutôt que l’aveu d’un échec face à la vie réelle, il convient d’y voir la mise en scène d’une transformation du sujet actif en objet passif, illustrant ainsi ce que le « Voyant » avait envisagé, d’autant plus que cette confrontation avec la matérialité corporelle s’avère liée à un travail sur le langage – qui porte sur sa dimension la plus matérielle, les sons.
Modélisation des propriétés thermo-radiatives de revêtements à haute efficacité énergétique (2008)

Les proprietes thermo-radiatives des materiaux dependent de leur indice de refraction, valeur qui depend de la constitution chimique du materiau, mais aussi de leur morphologie. Ce phenomene permet d’elaborer des materiaux de haute technologie dans le domaine de l’industrie (barrieres thermiques, SOFC…). L'influence de la rugosite sur les proprietes radiatives est bien connue, mais peu d'etudes tentent de decrire le comportement radiatif de materiaux reels pour de hautes temperatures (T ~ 1000 K). Afin de predire au mieux les proprietes thermo-radiatives de materiaux heterogenes, des surfaces de graphite ayant un degre de rugosite varie ont ete elaborees. Un depot de nickelate de praseodyme (Pr2NiO4+δ) est egalement etudie. La caracterisation de ces surfaces montre une echelle de rugosite superieure a la gamme de longueur d’onde etudiee (25 – 2 µm). Ces observations permettent de traiter l’interaction du rayonnement electromagnetique avec l’interface dans le cadre de l’approximation de l’optique geometrique. De plus, le fort coefficient d’absorption de ces materiaux et leur epaisseur permettent de considerer ces surfaces comme opaques d’un point de vue optique. Un algorithme de lancer de rayons (LR) est implemente afin de calculer la reflectivite et l’emissivite de ces materiaux. Le comportement radiatif du Pr2NiO4+δ est bien decrit en couplant la technique LR a une loi de milieux effectifs, tenant compte de la microstructure (porosite, grains) inferieure a la longueur d’onde. Les simulations de la reflectivite du graphite montrent en revanche un desaccord avec les donnees experimentales, que l’on attribue a une variation des indices optiques des surfaces lors du polissage.
Structural insight into the methyltransfer mechanism of the bifunctional Trm5 (2017)

The wyosine derivatives present at position 37 in transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are critical for reading frame maintenance. The methyltransferase Trm5a from <i>Pyrococcus abyssi</i> (PaTrm5a) plays a key role in this hypermodification process in generating m<sup>1</sup>G37 and imG2, two products of the wyosine biosynthetic pathway, through two methyl transfers to distinct substrates, but the mechanism is currently unknown. We report two cocrystal structures of PaTrm5a in complex with tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> and reveal the structural basis for substrate recognition, which was supported by in vitro activity assays. The crystal structures showed that the D1 domain of the enzyme undergoes large conformational changes upon the binding of tRNA. The deletion of this domain greatly reduces the affinity and activity of PaTrm5a toward its RNA substrate, indicating that the enzyme recognizes the overall shape of tRNA. Using the small-angle x-ray scattering technique and crystallographic analysis, we discovered that PaTrm5a adopts distinct open conformations before and after the binding of tRNA. Last, through structure comparison with its ortholog <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> Trm5b (MjTrm5b), we propose a reaction mechanism for the double methylation capability of this unique enzyme.
An Improved Polymer Shell Encapsulated Fiber Laser Hydrophone (2017)

Fiber laser hydrophones engineered either with a direct polymer coating over the laser or a coating over a mechanically enclosed laser have many practical limitations. Notably, damages can occur due to the differential strain and the complexity involved in the fabrication of the mechanical enclosure and micropositioning it over the laser. This paper proposes a simpler fiber laser hydrophone encapsulated in a polymer shell with enhanced sensitivity and broad bandwidth. The significant factors that influence the hydrophone and its acoustic performance are studied in detail using a 2-D-axisymmetric finite-element analysis (FEA) and analytical methods. The obtained experimental results are found to corroborate those of the analytical and FEA methods. The method of fabricating the hydrophones and the measurements are found to be repeatable. A sensitivity of -155 dB ref. 1 V/μPa with a bandwidth of 6 kHz was obtained from our experiments and can further be tuned to the requirements.
Thin, Stubby or Mushroom: Spine Pathology in Alzheimers Disease (2009)

Since their first description by Ramon y Cajal at the end of the 19th century, dendritic spines have been proposed as important sites of neuronal contacts and it has been suggested that changes in the activity of neurons directly affect spine morphology. In fact, since then it has been shown that about 90% of excitatory synapses end on spines. Recent data indicate that spines are highly dynamic structures and that spine shape correlates with the strength of synaptic transmission. Furthermore, several mental disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with spine pathology suggesting that spine alterations play a central role in mental deficits. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the current knowledge on spine morphology and function as well as about different experimental models to analyze spine changes and dynamics. The second part concentrates on disease-relevant factors that are associated with AD and which lead to spine alterations. In particular, data that provide evidence that Abeta oligomers or fibrillar Abeta deposits influence spine morphology and function will be presented and the contribution of tau pathology will be discussed. The review ends with the discussion of potential mechanisms how disease-relevant factors influence dendritic spines and whether and how spine changes could be therapeutically suppressed or reversed.
Strong grain-size effect on deformation twinning of an Al<sub>0.1</sub>CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (2016)

An Al0.1CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with a face-centered cubic structure in the as-cast and the recrystallized states is investigated. The mean grain size of the as-cast HEA is 14 times larger than that of the recrystallized HEA. The tension tests reveal that deformation twinning is the main mechanism dominating the plastic deformation of two HEAs. With a decrease in the grain size, twin spacing increases, and twin thickness decreases, which results in a low twinning activity. The twinning activity of the recrystallized HEA is strongly inhibited by grain refinement, which degrades the promotion of twinning on the strain-hardening ability and the tensile ductility.
An equalization technique for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems in time-variant multipath channels (1999)

A loss of subchannel orthogonality due to time-variant multipath channels in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems leads to interchannel interference (ICI) which increases the error floor in proportion to the Doppler frequency. A simple frequency-domain equalization technique which can compensate for the effect of ICI in a multipath fading channel is proposed. In this technique, the equalization of the received OFDM signal is achieved by using the assumption that the channel impulse response (CIR) varies in a linear fashion during a block period and by compensating for the ICI terms that significantly affect the bit-error rate (BER) performance.
Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Synthesis and Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Janus and Core–Satellite Si–Ag Nanoparticles (2014)

Heterogeneous gas-phase condensation is a promising method of producing hybrid multifunctional nanoparticles with tailored composition and microstructure but also intrinsically introduces greater complexity to the nucleation process and growth kinetics. Herein, we report on the synthesis and growth modeling of silicon–silver (Si–Ag) hybrid nanoparticles using gas-aggregated cosputtering from elemental Si and Ag source targets. The final Si–Ag ensemble size was manipulated in the range 5–15 nm by appropriate tuning of the deposition parameters, while variations in the Si–Ag sputtering power ratio, from 1.8 to 2.25, allowed distinctive Janus and core–satellite structures, respectively, to be produced. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the individual species first form independent clusters of Si and Ag without significant intermixing. Collisions between unlike species are unstable in the early stages of growth (<100 ns), with large temperature differences resulting in rapid energy exchange and separation. Upon further cooling and depletion of isolated Si and Ag atoms through collection by parent clusters (>100 ns), Si–Ag cluster collisions ultimately result in stable hybrid structures.
Handbook of Digital Games (2014)

A thorough discussion of the present and future of digital gamingPeople play digital games for many reasons, from entertainment to professional training, but all games share the same basic characteristics. From those basic parameters, gaming professionals manage to create the enormous variety of games on the market today. The Handbook of Digital Games explores the many considerations and variables involved in game creation, including gaming techniques and tools, game play, and game design and development.A team of recognized gaming experts from around the world shares their thoughts on the different aspects of game creation, providing readers with a deep understanding and insider perspective on the cross-disciplinary aspects of the industry. The fundamentals are discussed, but the emphasis is on emerging theory and technology with topics including:Player experience and immersion, including emotionAutomatic content generation and storytelling techniquesCollaboration and social information exchangeGame aestheticsSimulation of game play and crowdsCollision detectionNetworking issues such as synchronizationThe book also includes retrospective and ontological examinations of gaming, as well as discussions about mobile game play, spatial game structures, and education-centric gaming. In-game advertising, gender stereotyping, and independent game production are also considered. The Handbook of Digital Games is a robust compilation of the latest information across the entire industry, and a major resource for any gaming professional.
2-D high-frame-rate dynamic elastography using delay compensated and angularly compounded motion vectors: Preliminary results (2010)

This paper describes a new ultrasound-based system for high-frame-rate measurement of periodic motion in 2-D for tissue elasticity imaging. Similarly to conventional 2-D flow vector imaging, the system acquires the RF signals from the region of interest at multiple steering angles. A custom sector subdivision technique is used to increase the temporal resolution while keeping the total acquisition time within the range suitable for real-time applications. Within each sector, 1-D motion is estimated along the beam direction. The intra- and inter-sector delays are compensated using our recently introduced delay compensation algorithm. In-plane 2-D motion vectors are then reconstructed from these delay-compensated 1-D motions. We show that Young's modulus images can be reconstructed from these 2-D motion vectors using local inversion algorithms. The performance of the system is validated quantitatively using a commercial flow phantom and a commercial elasticity phantom. At the frame rate of 1667 Hz, the estimated flow velocities with the system are in agreement with the velocity measured with a pulsed-wave Doppler imaging mode of a commercial ultrasound machine with manual angle correction. At the frame rate of 1250 Hz, phantom Young's moduli of 29, 6, and 54 kPa for the background, the soft inclusion, and the hard inclusion, are estimated to be 30, 11, and 53 kPa, respectively.
The effect of <i>β</i>-adrenergic agonists on the membrane potential of fat-cell mitochondria <i>in situ</i> (1982)

1. The accumulation of [3H]methyltriphenylphosphonium by isolated fat-cells was used to estimate the membrane potential of mitochondria in situ. 2. Adrenaline caused a large decrease in the accumulation of [3H]methyltriphenylphosphonium. Mitochondria in fat-cells incubated in the presence of adrenaline had a very low calculated membrane potential. This effect was also given by isoprenaline (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and was blocked by propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist). 3. The effect of isoprenaline could be partially antagonized by the use of media with high albumin concentrations. Addition of sodium oleate to saturate the fatty acid-binding sites on the albumin reversed this antagonism. 4. It is proposed that the decrease in the calculated mitochondrial membrane potential is due to the uncoupling effect of the non-esterified fatty acids released by the stimulation of lipolysis observed in the presence of beta-adrenergic agonists.
Anomaly Detection over Streaming Data: Indy500 Case Study (2019)

Sports racing is attracting billions of audiences each year. It is powered and transformed by the latest data analysis technologies, from race car design, driving skill improvements to audience engagement on social media. However, most of the data processing are off-line and retrospective analysis. The emerging real-time data analysis from the Internet of Things (IoT) result in fast data streams generated from distributed sensors. Applying advanced Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence over such data streams to discover new information, predict future insights and make control decision is a crucial process. In this paper, we start by articulating racing car big data characteristics and present time-critical anomaly detection of the racing cars with the real-time sensors of cars and the tracks from actual racing events. We build a scalable system infrastructure based on neuro-morphic Hierarchical Temporal Memory Algorithm (HTM) algorithm and Storm stream processing engine. By courtesy of historical Indy500 racing logs, evaluation experiments on this prototype system demonstrate good performance in terms of anomaly detection accuracy and service level objective (SLO) of latency for a real-world streaming application.
Reusable space tug concepts (1995)

Initial findings indicate that a space tug transportation system could potentially support up to 30 to 40 missions a year with cost savings being mission dependent. This study identified two large expensable launch system class government missions, projected to fly approximately four times a year, which could yield a total annual savings of approximately $500 million. With the nominal flight rate of four flights annually, a minimum savings of $130 million per flight is projected. Based on this cost savings, recovery of the non‐recurring costs of design, development, test and evaluation of the space tug should occur in five to ten years. For the remaining missions considered, the payload delivery capabilities of the space tug met or exceeded those of existing orbital transfer systems, the payload delivery capabilities of the space tug met or exceeded those of existing orbital transfer systems, but did not produce sufficient economic benefit to justify its use. However, even for these ‘‘economically insupportable’’ missions, a space tug might provide the existing launch systems additional flexibility and/or payload capability, enhancing the potential of supporting future commercial, civil, and defense missions.
Differential diagnosis of annular lesions. (2001)

Although most annular lesions will be typical of a dermatophytosis, physicians must consider other possible diagnoses. Tinea corporis can often be diagnosed on the basis of a positive potassium hydroxide examination. Topical and systemic antifungals are usually curative. Pityriasis rosea is characterized by small, fawn-colored lesions distributed along skin cleavage lines. Treatment is symptomatic. Granuloma annulare is characterized by nonscaly, annular plaques with indurated borders, typically on the extremities. One half of cases resolve spontaneously within two years. Sarcoidosis can present as annular, indurated plaques similar in appearance to the lesions of granuloma annulare. Diagnosis is based on histopathology and the involvement of other organ systems. Hansen's disease can mimic tinea corporis by presenting as one or more annular, sometimes scaly, plaques. Urticaria may affect 10 to 20 percent of the population. The annular plaques lack scale and are evanescent. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus can present in an annular form on sun-exposed surfaces or in a papulosquamous form. Erythema annulare centrifugum typically presents as annular patches with trailing scale inside erythematous borders.
Wideband Bragg Cell Efficiency Enhancement Techniques (1985)

Microwave applications of optical signal processing requires wideband acousto-optic bragg cells with high efficiency as input transducer. Several novel techniques have been developed to improve the efficiency bandwidth product of such devices. With these newer techniques, useful devices with more than two GHz of bandwidth and up to 10 GHz center frequencies can be anticipated in the near future.
Lane Change Strategy for Autonomous Vehicle (2022)

Recently, people’s demand for smart vehicles continues to improve. As the core of smart driving, driverless vehicle becomes the most concerned technology. Lane change, the most common behavior in driverless situation, greatly affect the road efficiency. Fast and safe lane change operations have very practical significance in reducing traffic accidents. This paper uses driverless vehicle as research object, and the pathing planning and pathing tracking for lane change situation are studied. An efficient path planning method and trajectory tracking controller are designed and simulated. The main content contains the three following aspects: (1) A set of comprehensive lane change strategy is designed for different working conditions. Then path planning for lane change is researched based on mass point model and an efficient path planning method based on polynomial is proposed and optimized. (2) Kinematic model and 3 DOFs dynamic model of driverless vehicle based on magic tire model are established using SIMULINK. Several simulation and test are done to verify the rationality of the model. (3) The trajectory -tracking control system based on PID controller is designed. Then run simulation based on the model established and according to the results, the trajectory -tracking control system can track the lane-changing path accurately and analysis is made. Key word: Driverless vehicle, Lane change, Path planning, Trajectory tracking control
Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 is a keystone complex connecting DNA repair machinery, double-strand break signaling, and the chromatin templateThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 28th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. (2007)

The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex is providing paradigm-shifting results of exceptional biomedical interest. MRN is among the earliest respondents to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and MRN mutations cause the human cancer predisposition diseases Nijmegen breakage syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD). MRN's 3-protein multidomain composition promotes its central architectural, structural, enzymatic, sensing, and signaling functions in DSB responses. To organize the MRN complex, the Mre11 exonuclease directly binds Nbs1, DNA, and Rad50. Rad50, a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) related protein, employs its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) ATPase, Zn hook, and coiled coils to bridge DSBs and facilitate DNA end processing by Mre11. Contributing to MRN regulatory roles, Nbs1 harbors N-terminal phosphopeptide interacting FHA and BRCT domains, as well as C-terminal ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and Mre11 interaction domains. Current emerging structural and biological evidence suggests that MRN has 3 coupled critical roles in DSB sensing, stabilization, signaling, and effector scaffolding: (1) expeditious establishment of protein--nucleic acid tethering scaffolds for the recognition and stabilization of DSBs; (2) initiation of DSB sensing, cell-cycle checkpoint signaling cascades, and establishment of epigenetic marks via the ATM kinase; and (3) functional regulation of chromatin remodeling in the vicinity of a DSB.
Differential expression of bovine adseverin in adrenal gland revealed by in situ hybridization. Cloning of a cDNA for adseverin. (1994)

Adseverin is a Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament-severing protein that is presumed to have a regulatory function in exocytosis by affecting the organization of the microfilament network underneath the plasma membrane. As the first step to investigate whether adseverin has the expected function in vivo, we have cloned a cDNA for bovine adseverin. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the following points. 1) Adseverin consisted of 715 amino acid residues, and its predicted molecular mass was 80.5 kDa. 2) Adseverin belonged to the gelsolin family of proteins, which consists of six homologous segments. 3) Adseverin had two putative polyphosphoinositide binding sequences, very similar to but distinct from those in gelsolin. Adseverin was produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The adseverin reacted with adseverin-specific antibody and showed Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament severing activity like authentic adseverin. In situ hybridization demonstrated that adseverin mRNA was differentially expressed in the bovine adrenal gland; it was expressed in the adrenal medulla but not in most parts of the adrenal cortex, although both have a secretory function. The observation strongly suggested that adseverin is not involved in secretory processes in general but is specifically involved in exocytosis.