gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in complex disease: association of micro opioid receptor gene variation with substance dependence (2000)

To analyze candidate genes and establish complex genotype-phenotype relationships against a background of high natural genome sequence variability, we have developed approaches to (i) compare candidate gene sequence information in multiple individuals; (ii) predict haplotypes from numerous variants; and (iii) classify haplotypes and identify specific sequence variants, or combinations of variants (pattern), associated with the phenotype. Using the human mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) as a model system, we have combined these approaches to test a potential role of OPRM1 in substance (heroin/cocaine) dependence. All known functionally relevant regions of this prime candidate gene were analyzed by multiplex sequence comparison in 250 cases and controls; 43 variants were identified and 52 different haplotypes predicted in the subgroup of 172 African-Americans. These haplotypes were classified by similarity clustering into two functionally related categories, one of which was significantly more frequent in substance-dependent individuals. Common to this category was a characteristic pattern of sequence variants [-1793T-->A, -1699Tins, -1320A-->G, -111C-->T, +17C-->T (A6V)], which was associated with substance dependence. This study provides an example of approaches that have been successfully applied to the establishment of complex genotype-phenotype relationships in the presence of abundant DNA sequence variation.
Mucosal vaccination with a multicomponent adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>infection in the lung (2009)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major bacterial respiratory pathogen. Current licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are administered by an intramuscular injection. In order to develop a new-generation vaccine that can be administered in a needle-free mucosal manner, we have constructed early 1 and 3 gene regions (E1/E3) deleted, replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA), the N-fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A (N-PspA), and the detoxified mutant pneumolysin (PdB) from S. pneumoniae strain D39. Intranasal vaccination with the three adenoviral vectors (Ad/PsaA, Ad/N-PspA, and Ad/PdB) in mice resulted in robust antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G responses, as demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, nasal mucosal vaccination with the combination of the three adenoviral vectors conferred protection against S. pneumoniae strain D39 colonization in mouse lungs. Taken together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of developing a mucosal vaccine against S. pneumoniae using recombinant adenoviruses for antigen delivery.
Suppression of Pyrite Oxidation Rate by Phosphate Addition (1993)

Pyrite, commonly found in various ore deposits, produces highly acidic drainage water when exposed to the atmosphere. Current acidic drainage remediation technologies are not long lasting or cost effective. In this study we demonstrate that a ferric phosphate coating can form on pyrite surfaces when contacted with a solution of KH2PO4 and H2O2. This ferric phosphate coating was shown to inhibit pyrite oxidation.
Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique (2016)

Gout is caused by the overproduction of uric acid and the inefficient metabolism of dietary purines in humans. Current treatments of gout, which include anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids, have harmful side-effects. Our research laboratory has recently introduced an innovative approach for the decrystallization of biological and chemical crystals using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique. In the MAMAD technique, microwave energy is used to heat and activate gold nanoparticles that behave as "nano-bullets" to rapidly disrupt the crystal structure of biological crystals placed on planar surfaces. In this study, crystals of various sizes and compositions were studied as models for tophaceous gout at different stages (i.e., uric acid as small crystals (~10-100 μm) and l-alanine as medium (~300 μm) and large crystals (~4400 μm). Our results showed that the use of the MAMAD technique resulted in the reduction of the size and number of uric acid and l-alanine crystals up to >40% when exposed to intermittent microwave heating (up to 20 W power at 8 GHz) in the presence of 20 nm gold nanoparticles up to 120 s. This study demonstrates that the MAMAD technique can be potentially used as an alternative therapeutic method for the treatment of gout by effective decrystallization of large crystals, similar in size to those that often occur in gout.
Convergent Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Linked Glycopeptides on a Solid Support (1998)

Solid-supported synthesis can be conducted to produce a variety of glycopeptides in good overall yields. The carbohydrates are formed by the glycal assembly method. The polymer-bound construct terminates in a glycal. The terminal double bond can be functionalized to provide a C2−N-acetyl glucosamine linkage with an amino group in the anomeric position. The latter can be coupled, in a convergent manner, to the γ-carboxyl group of an aspartyl residue on a preformed peptide. Iodosulfonamidation of the polymer-bound glucal to the N-acetyl glucosamine using anthracenesulfonamide was crucial for the success of the solid-phase synthesis. This general method was employed in the formation of a variety of glycopeptides.
CD44 and Annexin A2 Mediate the C5a Chemotactic Cofactor Function of the Vitamin D Binding Protein (2005)

The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a plasma protein that significantly enhances the chemotactic activity of C5a and C5a(desArg) (cochemotactic activity). The objective of this study was to investigate how DBP mediates this process using neutrophils and U937 cells transfected with the C5a receptor (U937-C5aR cells) and comparing chemotaxis to C-activated serum (DBP dependent) vs purified C5a (DBP independent). Binding to the cell surface is essential for this protein to function as a chemotactic cofactor, and DBP binds to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) on neutrophil plasma membrane preparations. To determine whether a CSPG also functions to mediate cochemotactic activity, U937-C5aR cells were grown in chlorate to inhibit CSPG sulfation or treated with chondroitinase AC. Either treatment significantly inhibited chemotaxis only to C-activated serum. CD44 is a major cell surface CSPG on leukocytes, and functions to facilitate chemotaxis. Treatment of cells with anti-CD44 blocks chemotaxis of neutrophils and U937-C5aR cells to C-activated serum but not purified C5a. DBP binds to CD44 on the cell surface as evidenced by coimmunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and cell binding studies. Annexin A2 associates with CD44 in lipid rafts; therefore, its potential role in mediating cochemotactic activity was investigated. Results demonstrate that anti-A2 inhibits neutrophil and U937-C5aR chemotaxis specifically to C-activated serum, blocks DBP binding to cells, and colocalizes with anti-DBP on the cell surface. These results provide clear evidence that CD44 and annexin A2 mediate the C5a chemotactic cofactor function of DBP.
A 5.8 GHz 54 Mb/s Backscatter Modulator for WLAN With Symbol Pre-Distortion and Transmit Pulse Shaping (2016)

This letter discusses the implementation of microwave backscatter links in CMOS technology which are similar to existing systems at mid-UHF for RFID, but intended for use at the 5.8 GHz ISM band for supporting future low-power WLAN applications. In order for backscatter links to operate in highly channelized environments we introduce a pulse-shaping technique to reduce out-of-band emissions as well as a symbol pre-distortion technique to improve the constellation spacing. Both techniques are introduced into a 65 nm prototype backscatter modulator chip and are shown to operate with QPSK modulation at 54 Mb/s (typical of WLAN standards). The backscatter modulator chip was shown to consume 1.61 mW of power.
Enhanced acoustic levitation using horn loaded and focusing radiators (1987)

An improved piezoelectric driven, focusing acoustic radiator for acoustic levitation has been designed, tested, and evaluated. This device displays a significant improvement in focusing to produce better specimen stability and energy well shaping as well as increased transducer power bandwidth and electroacoustic conversion efficiency. Corresponding effects resulting from the horn loading of this acoustic radiator are considered as well as the benefits of using the radiator in conjunction with hot wall high-temperature furnaces. In order to aid in the evaluation of these acoustic transducer improvements, a simple and useful technique for acoustic field mapping will also be discussed. [Work supported by NASA.]
Standing Waves in Small Animal Models Investigating Ultrasound Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Meaghan A. O'Reilly, Yuexi Huang, Kullervo Hynynen; Standing Waves in Small Animal Models Investigating Ultrasound Disruption of the Blood‐Brain Barrier. AIP Conf. Proc. 12 September 2011; 1359 (1): 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3607922 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Compact Glow Discharge for the Elemental Analysis of Aqueous Samples (2007)

Glow discharge sources have shown impressive analytical performance, cost effectiveness, and versatility but have traditionally been ill-suited for the analysis of liquids or solutions. However, in recent years, glow discharges operated at atmospheric pressure have shown progress in this direction. In particular, glow discharges have been operated with the solution to be analyzed acting as one of the electrodes (most typically, and most successfully, the cathode). These sources exhibit many of the traditional advantages of glow discharges (such as low power requirements) and possess the additional benefit of not requiring vacuum equipment. In the present study, a modified design is introduced and its analytical performance is evaluated. The modification from the most similar source is primarily a reduction in discharge volume (nearly 5-fold, to 2 mm(3)) and a corresponding increase in power density. With the new design, detection limits for a range of metals are greatly improved, with most now in the single and sub-part per billion range.
Spontaneous Deposition of Noble Metal Films onto Hexaboride Surfaces (2007)

The use of the spontaneous deposition of metals onto surfaces is widespread in industry and research. Here, we report that metal hexaborides (e.g., , , ) spontaneously deposit noble metals from solution to form robust layers. We observed spontaneous deposition of noble metals from inorganic salts or acids onto a variety of hexaboride compounds. No pretreatment of the hexaboride is necessary, and noble metal depositions ranging from complete and highly uniform nanometer-scale layers to relatively heavy mirrorlike coatings are easily obtained. We find that the hexaborides both facilitate the formation of and sustain the electrocatalytic activity of nanolayer platinum depositions. To provide such activity and dispersion, the hexaboride supports appear to have unusual promotion and adhesion qualities, possibly due to their low work functions, which are lower than the noble metals. This variety of unique material and process properties may have benefits in electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, electronic devices, and coatings.
Electrostatic Tactile Display Using Beat Phenomenon for Stimulus Localization (2015)

We present an electrostatic tactile display for stimulus localization. The 240-Hz electrostatic force was generated by the beat phenomenon in a region where excited X electrodes cross excited Y electrodes, which presents localized tactile sensation out of the entire surface. A 10.4-in. visual-tactile integrated display was successfully demonstrated.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Flavones as Gastroprotective Agents (1995)

Flavone (1) was found to protect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats; however, it is known that certain compounds in the flavone class, including flavone itself, are inducers of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. With the hope of identifying gastroprotective flavones that have minimal effects on drug metabolizing enzymes, we have synthesized and evaluated selected flavone analogs. Gastroprotective potency in the ethanol model was retained by methoxy substitution in the 5-position (4) and by methoxy (12) or methyl (14) substitution in the 7-position. A number of substituted analogs of the potent molecule 5-methoxyflavone (4) were also synthesized, and in many cases, these substitutions provided gastroprotective molecules. In order to assess liver enzyme induction potential, two of the gastroprotective flavones, 7-methoxyflavone (12) and 5-methoxy-4'-fluoroflavone (26), were examined for their effect on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP1A) activity. These two compounds caused minimal changes in the cytochrome P450 concentration and were considerably less potent than beta-naphthoflavone as inducers of CYP1A enzyme activity. Furthermore, following oral administration to rats, 5-methoxy-4'-fluoroflavone (26) was found to protect against indomethacin-induced gastric damage. These results indicate that, through appropriate substitution, flavones can be obtained that are gastroprotective but have minimal effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Optimal resource assignment in Internet data centers (2002)

This paper presents a resource model that describes the computing and networking components in a resource sharing environment in an Internet Data Center (IDC), a model for multi-tier applications that need to be deployed in this environment, and an optimization problem for resource assignment aimed at minimizing the communication delay between the servers. A number of techniques are introduced to search for the optimal/suboptimal solutions. These include projection of the solution set, partition of the network and pruning of the search space, and local clustering for large problems. Results are given for two examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antiallergic Pyrano[3,2‐g]quinoline‐2,8‐dicarboxylic Acids with Potential for the Topical Treatment of Asthma. (1986)

Abstract Pyranochinolinderivate (III)‐(V) werden dargestellt und als Mittel gegen Asthma untersucht.
Formation of Graphene Features from Direct Laser-Induced Reduction of Graphite Oxide (2010)

Graphene features are produced via continuous-wave (532 nm) or pulsed (532 and 355 nm) laser excitation of graphite oxide. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of these laser-irradiated areas reveals D and G bands on the edges and the 2D band characteristic of graphene in the central laser-irradiated zones. ID/I2D ratios vary with laser power and background gas. An ID/I2D ratio of ∼0.17 is obtained using continuous-wave excitation in a N2 background, indicating a dominance of graphene optical signatures. The ID/IG ratio obtained for the same region indicates a particle size or interdefect distance of ∼40 nm. This technique could be useful for laser or lithographic patterning of graphene features.
Crosstalk calibration for high precision power measurement (2015)

This paper describes a crosstalk calibration and cancellation technique to achieve high precision power measurement using general single-ended analog to digital converter (ADC). Two crosstalk scenarios, in-phase and out-of-phase with the interfering source in multiple signal channels are discussed. Systematic approaches to characterize crosstalk effects are discussed. A calibration procedure to obtain crosstalk factors is provided, and a method of crosstalk cancellation is further discussed in this paper. By employing the crosstalk calibration and cancellation technique, significant improvement is observed in experiments by achieving ±0.3% accuracy for power measurement from 0.05 A to 100 A at a phase angle between -60° and 60°.
Alzheimer's Therapeutics Targeting Amyloid Beta 1–42 Oligomers II: Sigma-2/PGRMC1 Receptors Mediate Abeta 42 Oligomer Binding and Synaptotoxicity (2014)

Amyloid beta (Abeta) 1-42 oligomers accumulate in brains of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and disrupt synaptic plasticity processes that underlie memory formation. Synaptic binding of Abeta oligomers to several putative receptor proteins is reported to inhibit long-term potentiation, affect membrane trafficking and induce reversible spine loss in neurons, leading to impaired cognitive performance and ultimately to anterograde amnesia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have identified a receptor not previously associated with AD that mediates the binding of Abeta oligomers to neurons, and describe novel therapeutic antagonists of this receptor capable of blocking Abeta toxic effects on synapses in vitro and cognitive deficits in vivo. Knockdown of sigma-2/PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) protein expression in vitro using siRNA results in a highly correlated reduction in binding of exogenous Abeta oligomers to neurons of more than 90%. Expression of sigma-2/PGRMC1 is upregulated in vitro by treatment with Abeta oligomers, and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease patients' brain compared to age-matched, normal individuals. Specific, high affinity small molecule receptor antagonists and antibodies raised against specific regions on this receptor can displace synthetic Abeta oligomer binding to synaptic puncta in vitro and displace endogenous human AD patient oligomers from brain tissue sections in a dose-dependent manner. These receptor antagonists prevent and reverse the effects of Abeta oligomers on membrane trafficking and synapse loss in vitro and cognitive deficits in AD mouse models. These findings suggest sigma-2/PGRMC1 receptors mediate saturable oligomer binding to synaptic puncta on neurons and that brain penetrant, small molecules can displace endogenous and synthetic oligomers and improve cognitive deficits in AD models. We propose that sigma-2/PGRMC1 is a key mediator of the pathological effects of Abeta oligomers in AD and is a tractable target for small molecule disease-modifying therapeutics.
Characterization of dual wavelength SOA based fiber laser (2012)

We propose an inexpensive, SOA-based, dual-wavelength tunable fiber laser. Dual-wavelength selectivity and wavelength difference (Δλ) tunability are accomplished over the C-band. Optical power and wavelength stability are measured at 0.33 dB and 0.014 nm, respectively.
Low-Rate Repeat-Zigzag-Hadamard Codes (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new class of low-rate error correction codes called repeat-zigzag-Hadamard (RZH) codes featuring simple encoder and decoder structures, and flexible coding rate. RZH codes are serially concatenated turbo-like codes where the outer code is a repetition code and the inner code is a punctured zigzag-Hadamard (ZH) code. By analyzing the code structure of RZH codes, we prove that both systematic and nonsystematic RZH codes are good codes, in the sense that for an RZH code ensemble, there exists a positive number gamma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> such that for any binary-input memoryless channel whose Bhattacharyya noise parameter is less than , the average block error probability of maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding approaches zero. Two decoding algorithms-serial and parallel decoders for RZH codes-are proposed. We then employ the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique to design irregular RZH codes. Results show that the optimized irregular RZH codes exhibit a performance that is very close to capacity in the low-rate regime.
Vitrification Fulfills its Promise as an Approach to Reducing Freeze-Induced Injury in a Multicellular Tissue (1999)

Abstract The destructive effect of extracellular ice formation in organized multicellular tissues is known to be a principal reason why conventional techniques of cryopreservation fail to provide effective protection during freezing. Avoidance of ice during cooling can physically be achieved by vitrification, which is the amorphous solidification of a supercooled liquid by adjusting the solute composition and cooling rate such that nucleation and growth of ice crystals is prevented. In principal a biological system can be stabilized in the glassy (vitreous) state without the inherent problems associated with crystallization and so-called solution effects injury that arise from the increased concentration of solutes due to removal of water as ice. This study was designed to evaluate a vitrification approach to storing a vascular tissue model (rabbit jugular vein) compared with a standard commercial method used clinically and employing slow cooling (l°C/min) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotective agent (CPA). A baseline vitrification medium (designated VS55) was used to replace at least 50% of the tissue water with a combination of CPAs. and vitrification was achieved using a relatively high cooling rate (&gt; 40°C/min). After rewarming and removal of the CPAs. contractility of the blood vessel segments was evaluated in vitro using standard physiological response tests to a panel of reagents. The maximum contractions achieved in vitrified vessels were all greater than 80% of fresh matched controls with similar drug sensitivities. In contrast, frozen/thawed vessels exhibited maximal contractions below 25% of fresh matched controls with concomitant decreases in drug sensitivity. This study clearly demonstrates a significant benefit of vitrification compared with conventional freezing and thawing for preserving smooth muscle contractile function of preserved blood vessels. Vitrification may prove to be an effective way to minimize the deleterious effects of freezing and thawing in cryopreserved tissues, or engineered tissue constructs.
Topology identification in distribution network with limited measurements (2012)

We consider here the problem of detecting changes in the status of switching devices, circuit breakers in particular, in distribution networks. The lack of measurements in distribution networks compared to transmission networks is the main challenge of this problem. Using expected values of power consumption, and their variance, we are able to quickly calculate the confidence level of identifying the correct topology, or the current status of switching devices, using any given configuration of real time measurements. This allows to compare between different configurations in order to select the optimal one. The main approach we propose relies on approximating the measurements as normal distributed random variables, and applying the maximum likelihood principle. We also discuss an alternative based on support vectors. Results are demonstrated using the IEEE 123 buses distribution test case.
Novel modulation scheme for optical continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (2006)

We propose a novel scheme for continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CP-FSK) optical modulation. By synchronizing the baseband signal with the clock for sideband generation, external CP-FSK modulation is demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s for the first time.