gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On a pattern-oriented model for intrusion detection (1997)

Operational security problems, which are often the result of access authorization misuse, can lead to intrusion in secure computer systems. We motivate the need for pattern-oriented intrusion detection, and present a model that tracks both data and privilege flows within secure systems to detect context-dependent intrusions caused by operational security problems. The model allows the uniform representation of various types of intrusion patterns, such as those caused by unintended use of foreign programs and input data, imprudent choice of default privileges, and use of weak protection mechanisms. As with all pattern-oriented models, this model cannot be used to detect new, unanticipated intrusion patterns that could be detected by statistical models. For this reason, we expect that this model will complement, not replace, statistical models for intrusion detection.
Muscle basal lamina: a new graft material for peripheral nerve repair (1986)

The suitability of muscle basal lamina as a graft material for the repair of peripheral nerves was investigated. Grafts were prepared by evacuating the myoplasm from muscles excised from rats and rabbits. This produced a material consisting mainly of basal lamina and connective tissue, with the basal lamina arranged as parallel tubes. Rat- and rabbit-derived graft material in 0.5-cm lengths was sutured into rat sciatic nerves, and 4-cm lengths of rabbit-derived graft material were interposed into rabbit sciatic nerves. For controls, 0.5-cm nerve autografts were grafted into rats and 4-cm autografts into rabbits. After 2 to 3 months, the success of the grafts was assessed functionally, electrophysiologically, and anatomically. By all these criteria the basal lamina grafts were as successful as nerve autografts; essentially the same number of axons of the same size grew through both graft types, animals recovered their limb function equally well, and the nerve conduction velocities and relative refractory periods were the same in both groups of animals. In rats, following both basal lamina and nerve autografts, the number of axons distal to the grafts was approximately the same as that proximal to them, but axon diameter and speed of conduction were significantly less than normal. The authors conclude that muscle basal lamina grafts are as effective as nerve autografts for repairing severed rat or rabbit peripheral nerves, and suggest that grafts prepared in this way may prove to be useful for nerve repair in humans.
1990 Sir Henry Wellcome Medal and Prize Winner (1991)

This investigation examines whether cytokines, as exemplified by leukoregulin, with their immense potential for biorecognition and target cell modulation as a result of their complex three-dimensional structure, have the potential to provide new directions for biotherapy of infectious disease. Leukoregulin is a naturally occurring immunologic cytokine, secreted by stimulated lymphocytes, which increases membrane permeability and drug uptake in tumor but not in normal cells. This study demonstrates that leukoregulin also increases the plasma membrane permeability of cells acutely infected with herpes simplex type 1 virus and that the increase in membrane permeability is accompanied by a 10- to 100-fold increase in the ability of acyclovir to inhibit the release of infectious virus when the cells are treated with leukoregulin 3 hours after infection with the virus. This is the first demonstration that a cytokine, alone or in combination with anti-viral chemotherapy, can effectively inhibit virus replication in human cells following acute virus infection, which indicates that combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy have the potential to completely inhibit the production of infectious virus by acutely infected human cells.
The grounds for the activity of TPAP in oxidation catalysis in supercritical carbon dioxide when confined in hybrid fluorinated silica matrices (2008)

Fluorinated organo-silica gels doped with tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) are excellent catalysts for the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Their activity and stability are subtly dictated by structure, depending on the degree of fluorination and on the length of the fluoroalkyl chain linked to the silica network. Such dependence reflects the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance (HHB) of the matrix, as evaluated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The remarkable correlation between the materials’ HHB and reactivity provides a finding of general validity for reaction-controlled mechanisms, which opens the route to the synthesis of second generation sol–gel entrapped catalysts for the production of fine chemicals in scCO2.
Localization of CD26/DPPIV in nucleus and its nuclear translocation enhanced by anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody with anti-tumor effect (2009)

These results indicate that the intra-nuclear CD26 which moves from plasma membrane may play certain roles in cell growth of human cancer cells.
Elasmobranch immune cells as a source of novel tumor cell inhibitors: Implications for public health (2006)

SYNOPSIS: Reports that elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) may have a low incidence of disease have stimulated interest in understanding the role of their immune system in this apparent resistance. Although research in this area may potentially translate into applications for human health, a basic understanding of the elasmobranch immune system components and how they function is essential. As in higher vertebrates, elasmobranch fishes possess thymus and spleen, but in the absence of bone marrow and lymph nodes, these fish have evolved unique lymphomyeloid tissues, namely epigonal and Leydig organs. As conditions for short-term culture of elasmobranch immune cells have become better understood, the opportunity to examine functional activity of cytokine-like factors derived from conditioned culture medium has resulted in the identification of growth inhibitory activity against a variety of tumor cell lines. Specifically, the medium enriched by short term culture of bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) epigonal cells (epigonal conditioned medium, ECM) has been shown to inhibit the growth of mammalian tumor cell lines, including fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164), melanoma (A375.S2), B-cell lymphoma (Daudi), T-cell leukemia (Jurkat), pancreatic cancer (PANC-1), ovarian cancer (NIH:OVCAR-3), and three breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF7, HCC38, Hs578T). Of the cell lines tested, WEHI-164, A375.S2, Daudi, and Jurkat cells were among the most sensitive to growth inhibitory activity of ECM whereas PANC-1 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells were among the least sensitive. In addition, ECM demonstrated preferential growth inhibition of malignant cells in assays against two different malignant/non-malignant cell line pairs (HCC38/HCC38 BL and Hs 578T/Hs 578Bst). Separation of protein components of ECM using SDS-PAGE resulted in a very reproducible pattern of three major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of approximately 40-42 kD, 24 kD, and 17 kD. Activity is lost after heating at 75 degrees C for 30 min, and can be diminished by treatment with proteinase K and protease. Activity is not affected by treating with trypsin, DNase I or RNase A.
Technology and Signal Processing for Brain-Machine Interfaces (2008)

Neural interfaces hold the promise to become one of the great technological advancements of the 21st century because they can provide new means of communication by directly accessing and interpreting brain intentional states. This article presents a set of grand challenges for brain-machine interfaces (BMI) and investigates recent advances in neurotechnology and signal processing methods to overcome them.
Inhibition of the Cardiac Fibroblast–Enriched lncRNA <i>Meg3</i> Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction (2017)

Collectively, our findings uncover a critical role for <i>Meg3</i> in the regulation of MMP-2 production by CFs in vitro and in vivo, identifying a new player in the development of cardiac fibrosis and potential new target for the prevention of cardiac remodeling.
Extensive study on the control of centrifugal compressor surge (2006)

This paper reports the results of an extensive study concerning surge instability in an industrial compression system and its dynamic suppression. Both numerical simulations and experiments have been used to analyse the system behaviour under unstable operating conditions and to compare different control devices for surge suppression. First, the characterization of surge is performed over the whole unstable operating range of a compression system based on a four-stage centrifugal compressor. The unsteady energy associated with the surge cycle is employed as an index of the surge intensity to allow for a quantitative approach to the problem. Subsequently, the behaviour and performance of a passive-type control system and of an active-type one are analysed and compared. The former consists of an innovative device based on an oscillating water column, whereas the latter is a high-gain type of feedback device implemented digitally. Experimental data show that the proposed passive device is effective not only in inhibiting surge development, but also in suppressing fully developed instability. The active device turns out to be more effective than the passive one, but under severe conditions it may fail because of actuator limitations and noise amplification. Finally, the relative merits and limitations of the two control systems are discussed with reference to their effectiveness range, flexibility, steady-state performance, installation, maintenance, and costs.
An Integrated Dual MIMO Antenna System With Dual-Function GND-Plane Frequency-Agile Antenna (2017)

In this letter, an integrated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design consists of a two-element printed inverted F-shape (IFA) MIMO antenna integrated with a two-element frequency-agile annular slot-based MIMO antenna system. The IFA operates at the WLAN band, while the annular slots act as an isolation enhancement structure between the two IFA elements. Furthermore, the annular slots are tuned over the bands from 1.73 to 2.28 GHz with a minimum bandwidth of 60 MHz. The slots are made reconfigurable using varactor diodes. The integrated MIMO antenna system is designed on commercially available FR-4 substrate with dimensions 50 × 110 × 1.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . All the antenna elements are of small size, low profile, and planar in structure and hence can easily be accommodated in wireless devices for second-generation cognitive radio applications.
A thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery for efficient harvesting of low-grade thermal energy as electrical power (2014)

A thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery that was driven by metal ammine complex formation and ammonia concentration gradients to create voltage, showed efficient conversion of low-grade thermal energy into electrical power.
A <i>fap7</i> Allele for Elevated Palmitate in Soybean (2000)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with elevated palmitate content may be useful for food and industrial applications requiring oil with high oxidative stability. The mutant line A30 with ≈ 40 g kg −1 greater palmitate content than conventional soybean oil was developed by treating seeds of the line A89‐144026 with N ‐nitroso‐ N ‐methyl urea. This study was conducted to determine the genetic control of elevated palmitate content in A30. Crosses were made between A30, its parent, and lines possessing the fap1 , fap2‐b , fap3 , fap4 , fap5 , or fap6 alleles for altered palmitate. The F 1 seeds from reciprocal crosses between A30 and A89‐144026 did not exhibit maternal effects or dominance for palmitate content. The phenotypic and genotypic analyses of F 2 seeds and F 3 progeny indicated that A30 had an elevated palmitate allele, designated fap7 , with additive gene action at a single locus. The fap7 locus was independent of fap1 , fap2‐b , fap3 , fap4 , and fap5 , but closely linked to the fap6 locus. The new allele can be used in combination with other alleles that control fatty ester composition to obtain unique oils for possible food and industrial applications.
Three-Dimensional Gabor Wavelets for Pixel-Based Hyperspectral Imagery Classification (2011)

The rich information available in hyperspectral imagery not only poses significant opportunities but also makes big challenges for material classification. Discriminative features seem to be crucial for the system to achieve accurate and robust performance. In this paper, we propose a 3-D Gabor-wavelet-based approach for pixel-based hyperspectral imagery classification. A set of complex Gabor wavelets with different frequencies and orientations is first designed to extract signal variances in space, spectrum, and joint spatial/spectral domains. The magnitude of the response at each sampled location (x, y) for spectral band b contains rich information about the signal variances in the local region. Each pixel can be well represented by the rich information extracted by Gabor wavelets. A feature selection and fusion process has also been developed to reduce the redundancy among Gabor features and make the fused feature more discriminative. The proposed approach was fully tested on two real-world hyperspectral data sets, i.e., the widely used Indian Pine site and Kennedy Space Center. The results show that our method achieves as high as 96.04% and 95.36% accuracies, respectively, even when only few samples, i.e., 5% of the total samples per class, are labeled.
Discovery and reduction of nonspecific activities of the major herbicide-resistance gene BAR (2017)

Herbicide resistance is a major trait of genetically modified (GM) crops. Currently, resistance to phosphinothricin (also known as glufosinate) is the second most widespread genetically engineered herbicide-resistance trait in crops after glyphosate resistance 1,2 . Resistance to phosphinothricin in plants is achieved by transgenic expression of the bialaphos resistance ( BAR ) or phosphinothricin acetyltransferase ( PAT ) genes, which were initially isolated from the natural herbicide bialaphos-producing soil bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus and S. viridochromogenes , respectively 3,4 . Mechanistically, BAR and PAT encode phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, which transfers an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the α-NH 2 group of phosphinothricin, resulting in herbicide inactivation 1 . Although early in vitro enzyme assays showed that recombinant BAR and PAT exhibit substrate preference toward phosphinothricin over the 20 proteinogenic amino acids 1 , whether transgenic expression of BAR and PAT affects plant endogenous metabolism in vivo was not known. Combining metabolomics, plant genetics, and biochemical approaches, we show that transgenic BAR indeed converts two plant endogenous amino acids, aminoadipate and tryptophan, to their respective N-acetylated products in several plant species examined. We report the crystal structures of BAR, and further delineate structural basis for its substrate selectivity and catalytic mechanism. Through structure-guided protein engineering, we generated several BAR variants that display significantly reduced nonspecific activities compared to its wild-type counterpart. Our results demonstrate that transgenic expression of enzymes as a common strategy in modern biotechnology may render unintended metabolic consequences arisen from enzyme promiscuity. Understanding of such phenomena at the mechanistic level will facilitate better design of maximally insulated systems featuring heterologously expressed enzymes.
Advantages of application-based scheduling for indoor femtocells (2011)

This paper presents the necessity of application-based scheduling to maintain QoS requirements of all active applications in an indoor femtocell. A novel scheduler is proposed which takes into account the quality of service (QoS) requirements of each active application as well as whether their sustainability is at risk at a given time. The scheduler aims to maintain an efficient use of the wireless radio resources and strives to achieve a user and application specific notion of fairness of service reception. Unlike current solutions, the scheduler differentiates between not only different users but also between applications of each user, and schedules data transmission amongst these applications so that QoS requirements for all applications are satisfied.
A Bipolar Current Actuated Gate Driver for JFET Based Bidirectional Scalable Solid-State Circuit Breakers (2010)

Abstract : The invention can improve high speed bi-directional fault protection in a broad range of power conversion and distribution systems such as hybrid vehicle drives and renewable energy systems. This gate driver enables bidirectional over-current protection to prevent system damage and destructive failure. Key features/benefits include: Controls normally ON scalable bidirectional solid-state circuit breakers (BDSSCBs) Fast acting: actuates in approximately 2 s Provides over-current protection, automatically compensating for temperature changes Responds to external sensor triggering, in addition to internal triggering Ultra low power consumption in the BDSSCB ON-state Has been demonstrated using very normally-ON 1.2-kV, 10-A silicon carbide (SiC)JFETs A robust addition to a battery pack providing protection during charge, discharge, and servicing.
Monoclonal Antibody Purification (Nicotiana benthamiana Plants) (2014)

Plant-based expression systems provide an alternative biomanufacturing platform for recombinant proteins (Matoba <i>et al</i>., 2011). In particular, plant virus-based vectors can overexpress proteins within days in the leaf tissue of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (<i>N. benthamiana</i>). To overcome the issues of genetic instability and limited infectivity of recombinant viruses, <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated delivery of "deconstructed" virus vectors has become the mainstay for the production of large and/or multicomponent proteins, such as immunoglobulin (Ig)G monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we describe a method of producing human IgG mAbs in <i>N. benthamiana</i> using the tobamoviral replicon vector magnICON<sup>®</sup>. The vector can express up to a few hundred mg of a mAb per kg of leaf material in 7 days. A representative case for the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV and anti-influenza mAbs, VRC01 and CR6261 respectively, is shown (Hamorsky <i>et al</i>., 2013). Leaf tissue is homogenized and the extract is clarified by filtration and centrifugation. The mAb is purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using Protein A affinity and Phenyl HP hydrophobic interection resins.
Context Aware Road-user Importance Estimation (iCARE) (2019)

Road-users are a critical part of decision-making for both self-driving cars and driver assistance systems. Some road-users, however, are more important for decision-making than others because of their respective intentions, ego-vehicle's intention and their effects on each other. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for road-user importance estimation which takes advantage of the local and global context of the scene. For local context, the model exploits the appearance of the road users (which captures orientation, intention, etc.) and their location relative to ego-vehicle. The global context in our model is defined based on the feature map of the convolutional layer of the module which predicts the future path of the ego-vehicle and contains rich global information of the scene (e.g., infrastructure, road lanes, etc.), as well as the ego-vehicle's intention information. Moreover, this paper introduces a new data set of real-world driving, concentrated around intersections and includes annotations of important road users. Systematic evaluations of our proposed method against several baselines show promising results.
Polymeric Cyanoborane, (CNBH <sub>2</sub> ) <sub> <i>n</i> </sub> : Single Source for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Boron Nitride Films (1991)

Polymeric cyanoborane, (CNBH 2 ) n , is a material readily prepared by passing hydrogen chloride through an ether suspension of sodium cyanotrihydroborate. This polymeric material was volatilized in a CVD reactor to produce, at 600°C, amorphous films containing boron, nitrogen, and carbon. Residual carbon present in the films was removed by ammonia treatment at 800°C, producing nearly stoichiometric boron nitride films that were adherent to a variety of substrates including silicon.
C-102 Vaccination against deltaretroviruses (2014)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are closely related deltaretroviruses that induce hematological diseases. HTLV-1 infects about 15 millions people worldwide, mainly in subtropical areas. HTLV-1 induces a wide spectrum of diseases (e.g. HTLV-associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis) and leukemia/lymphoma (Adult T cell Leukemia). Bovine leukemia virus is a major pathogen of cattle causing important economic losses due to reduction in production, export limitations and lymphoma-associated death. In the absence of satisfactory treatment for these diseases and besides prevention of transmission, the best option to reduce prevalence of deltaretroviruses is vaccination. We propose a strategy that efficiently protects against BLV infection in herd settings and outline key parameters required for vaccine efficacy.
‘Novole’ Apple (1983)

Abstract ‘Novole’ is being introduced for its value as a parent in resistance breeding programs and for trial use as a vole-resistant root- and trunk-stock for the commercial apple orchard. ‘Novole’ transmits to progeny resistance to a number of environmental hazards, including pine vole and meadow vole.
Multiple-Segment Climbing Robots (1994)

Multiple-segment climbing robots developed to perform such tasks as inspection, sandblasting, welding, and painting on towers and other structures. Look and move like caterpillars. Video camera mounted on one of segments rotated to desired viewing angle. Used in remote inspection of structure, to view motion of robot and/or provides video feedback for control of motion, and/or to guide operation of head mounted on foremost segment with motorized actuators.
Prolactin: The New Biology of an Old Hormone (2002)

Prolactin (PRL) is a paradoxical hormone. Historically known as the pituitary hormone of lactation, it has had attributed to it more than 300 separate actions, which can be correlated to the quasi-ubiquitous distribution of its receptor. Meanwhile, PRL-related knockout models have mainly highlighted its irreplaceable role in functions of lactation and reproduction, which suggests that most of its other reported target tissues are presumably modulated by, rather than strictly dependent on, PRL. The multiplicity of PRL actions in animals is in direct opposition to the paucity of arguments that suggest its involvement in human pathophysiology other than effects on reproduction. Although many experimental data argue for a role of PRL in the progression of some tumors, such as breast and prostate cancers, drugs lowering circulating PRL levels are ineffective. This observation opens new avenues for research into the understanding of whether local production of PRL is involved in tumor growth and, if so, how extrapituitary PRL synthesis is regulated. Finally, the physiological relevance of PRL variants, such as the antiangiogenic 16K-like PRL fragments, needs to be elucidated. This review is aimed at critically discussing how these recent findings have renewed the manner in which PRL should be considered as a multifunctional hormone.