gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White-Light-Emitting Lanthanide Metallogels with Tunable Luminescence and Reversible Stimuli-Responsive Properties (2015)

We have developed model light-emitting metallogels functionalized with lanthanide metal-ligand coordination complexes via a terpyridyl-end-capped four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) polymer. The optical properties of these highly luminescent polymer networks are readily modulated over a wide spectrum, including white-light emission, simply by tuning of the lanthanide metal ion stoichiometry. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of the Ln-N coordination bonding leads to a broad variety of reversible stimuli-responsive properties (mechano-, vapo-, thermo-, and chemochromism) of both sol-gel systems and solid thin films. The versatile functional performance combined with the ease of assembly suggests that this lanthanide coordination polymer design approach offers a robust pathway for future engineering of multi-stimuli-responsive polymer materials.
A Fluorescence LIDAR For Land And Sea Remote Sensing (1986)

Researches on the application of fluorescence LIDARs to the remote-sensing of land and sea surfaces were carried out at IROE and IEQ of the National Research Council (CNR) during last years. The researches involved the use of laboratory and computer simulations and they were mainly devoted to the selection of laser sources, to the detection and characterization of oil spills, and to the analysis of vegetation stresses. As a result a prototype of fluorescence LIDAR was designed and built with a particular attention to the problems connected with the operation on board of trucks, ships, and aircrafts. The system is therefore a rugged, light-weight, small-dimension one, having a low power consumption. The LIDAR was called F-LIDAR IROE-2. It is able to record high-resolution fluorescence spectra and most of the data-processing can be done on board of the moving platform.
Do electrical parameters of the cardiac cycle reflect the corresponding mechanical intervals as the heart rate changes? (2010)

In paced patients at rest and during artificially increased heart rates, QT interval dynamics is closely correlated with changes in ejection time, thus constituting an electrical parameter of systolic time. A similar correlation exists between RR-QT, as a diastolic electrical interval, and the DFT.
Holographic video at 40 frames per second for 4-million object points (2011)

We propose a fast method for generating digital Fresnel holograms based on an interpolated wavefront-recording plane (IWRP) approach. Our method can be divided into two stages. First, a small, virtual IWRP is derived in a computational-free manner. Second, the IWRP is expanded into a Fresnel hologram with a pair of fast Fourier transform processes, which are realized with the graphic processing unit (GPU). We demonstrate state-of-the-art experimental results, capable of generating a 2048 x 2048 Fresnel hologram of around 4 × 10(6) object points at a rate of over 40 frames per second.
A Visibility Improvement System for Low Vision Drivers by Nonlinear Enhancement of Fused Visible and Infrared Video (2006)

Development of a visibility improvement system for helping drivers with poor vision during night and bad weather conditions is proposed in this paper. Video streams captured by a CCD camera and an infrared camera are registered and fused to obtain image details in extremely low lighting conditions. A novel image enhancement technique employing a nonlinear expansion function is developed for enhancing the fused images. The slope characteristics of the expansion function at an individual pixel location is based on the statistical properties of its neighborhood pixels. The expansion function is also capable of reducing the intensity of the overly bright image regions due to the presence of head lights from vehicles in opposite direction. The enhanced video stream is then subjected to a color restoration process to introduce natural color using the color information gathered from the CCD camera image. The entire image processing and analysis system is being installed in an FPGA environment for performing the processing in real-time. The processed video stream is displayed on a Head-Up Display located directly in front of the driver to assist him/her to drive safely in poor visibility environments. Preliminary results obtained in various experiments conducted with the proposed system are encouraging.
Manipulation of Cell Physiology Enables Gene Silencing in Well-differentiated Airway Epithelia (2012)

The application of RNA interference-based gene silencing to the airway surface epithelium holds great promise to manipulate host and pathogen gene expression for therapeutic purposes. However, well-differentiated airway epithelia display significant barriers to double-stranded small-interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery despite testing varied classes of nonviral reagents. In well-differentiated primary pig airway epithelia (PAE) or human airway epithelia (HAE) grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI), the delivery of a Dicer-substrate small-interfering RNA (DsiRNA) duplex against hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) with several nonviral reagents showed minimal uptake and no knockdown of the target. In contrast, poorly differentiated cells (2-5-day post-seeding) exhibited significant oligonucleotide internalization and target knockdown. This finding suggested that during differentiation, the barrier properties of the epithelium are modified to an extent that impedes oligonucleotide uptake. We used two methods to overcome this inefficiency. First, we tested the impact of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a known enhancer of macropinocytosis. Treatment of the cells with EGF improved oligonucleotide uptake resulting in significant but modest levels of target knockdown. Secondly, we used the connectivity map (Cmap) database to correlate gene expression changes during small molecule treatments on various cells types with genes that change upon mucociliary differentiation. Several different drug classes were identified from this correlative assessment. Well-differentiated epithelia treated with DsiRNAs and LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, significantly improved gene silencing and concomitantly reduced target protein levels. These novel findings reveal that well-differentiated airway epithelia, normally resistant to siRNA delivery, can be pretreated with small molecules to improve uptake of synthetic oligonucleotide and RNA interference (RNAi) responses.Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids (2012) 1, e41; doi:10.1038/mtna.2012.36; published online 28 August 2012.
Electrochemical Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (2006)

In this work, we report the first electrochemistry-based real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for sequence-specific nucleic acid detection. This new technique builds upon the advantages of the well-established fluorescence-based counterpart, such as short assay time (simultaneous target DNA amplification and detection). In addition, this electrochemical approach could employ simple and miniaturizable instrumentation compared to the bulky and expensive optics required in the fluorescence-based schemes. We have demonstrated a proof-of-concept experiment showing that the utilization of solid-phase extension of the electrode surface-immobilized capture probe with Fc-dUTP during PCR resulted in the accumulation of the redox marker on the transducer surface. This new technique can be applied to a microfabricated PCR electrochemical device for point-of-care diagnostics as well as on-site environmental monitoring and biowarfare agent detection.
Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems On Board Commercial Vehicles (1996)

Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.
Crystal Structure of the T315I Abl Mutant in Complex with the Aurora Kinases Inhibitor PHA-739358 (2007)

Mutations in the kinase domain of Bcr-Abl are the most common cause of resistance to therapy with imatinib in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Second-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitors are able to overcome most imatinib-resistant mutants, with the exception of the frequent T315I substitution, which is emerging as a major cause of resistance to these drugs in CML patients. Structural studies could be used to support the drug design process for the development of inhibitors able to target the T315I substitution, but until now no crystal structure of the T315I Abl mutant has been solved. We show here the first crystal structure of the kinase domain of Abl T315I in complex with PHA-739358, an Aurora kinase inhibitor currently in clinical development for solid and hematologic malignancies. This compound inhibits in vitro the kinase activity of wild-type Abl and of several mutants, including T315I. The cocrystal structure of T315I Abl kinase domain provides the structural basis for this activity: the inhibitor associates with an active conformation of the kinase domain in the ATP-binding pocket and lacks the steric hindrance imposed by the substitution of threonine by isoleucine.
The Synthesis and Structure of SSZ-73:  an All-Silica Zeolite with an Unusual Framework Topology (2007)

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and crystallographic studies of the new all-silica zeolite SSZ-73. The framework topology of SSZ-73 is isostructural with the aluminophosphate STA-6 (SAS). SSZ-73 is prepared from fluoride-containing gels using 3-ethyl-1,3,8,8-tetramethyl-3-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane cation as a structure-directing agent. SSZ-73 is an all-silica zeolite with a one-dimensional system of eight-ring pores. However, SSZ-73 possesses a remarkably high micropore volume (0.25 cm3/g) due to the rather large cages in the structure. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the as-made material shows that fluoride resides within the double six-ring cages of the SAS framework. Molecular docking studies were performed for the two geometric isomers of the structure-directing agent in the all-silica frameworks of SAS, RTH, ITE, and STF. The studies suggest that the isomer with the ethyl group cis to the bridgehead carbon is the likely structure-directing agent for SSZ-73 and that the other isomer may be responsible for the small amounts of RTH impurity observed in some preparations of SSZ-73.
An MPEG-7 tool for compression and streaming of XML data (2003)

In the course of work on the MPEG-7 standard, a binary format with special features for the encoding of XML data was required. These required key features are a high data compression ratio, provision for streaming, dynamic update of the document structure and fast random access of data entities in the compressed stream. To support these features, we propose a novel, schema-aware approach which exploits the knowledge of the standardized MPEG-7 syntax definition of the encoded XML document on the encoder and decoder side. The technique is part of the MPEG-7 standard. This paper gives an overview of the coding algorithm, including a comparison to standard (XML) compression tools.
The Development of Novel Nanodiamond Based MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Small Organic Pharmaceuticals (2016)

The utility of novel functionalized nanodiamonds (NDs) as matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is described herein. MALDI-MS analysis of small organic compounds (<1000 Da) is typically complex because of interferences from numerous cluster ions formed when using conventional matrices. To expand the use of MALDI for the analysis of small molecules, novel matrices were designed by covalently linking conventional matrices (or a lysine moiety) to detonated NDs. Four new functionalized NDs were evaluated for their ionization capabilities using five pharmaceuticals with varying molecular structures. Two ND matrices were able to ionize all tested pharmaceuticals in the negative ion mode, producing the deprotonated ions [M - H](-). Ion intensity for target analytes was generally strong with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios compared with conventional matrices. The negative ion mode is of great importance for biological samples as interference from endogenous compounds is inherently minimized in the negative ion mode. Since the molecular structures of the tested pharmaceuticals did not suggest that negative ion mode would be preferable, this result magnifies the importance of these findings. On the other hand, conventional matrices primarily facilitated the ionization as expected in the positive ion mode, producing either the protonated molecules [M + H](+) or cationic adducts (typically producing complex spectra with numerous adduct peaks). The data presented in this study suggests that these matrices may offer advantages for the analysis of low molecular weight pharmaceuticals/metabolites. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
VOR waveform synthesis and calibration (1981)

The VHF omnirange radial system (VOR) is used extensively as an aircraft navigational aid, and the need for greater utility of VOR has led to a requirement for greatly improved standards and traceable calibration facilities in this parameter. The paper presents the development and assessment of two standard VOR waveform synthesisers and a VOR waveform decoder. The synthesiser designs use the technique of regeneration of a wave shape which has been ‘fixed’ by digital methods in an addressable memory. The technique has been refined and brought to a state of high precision. One synthesiser is a complex desk-top computer-controlled system which, as well as being a standard, is excellent for producing imperfect waveforms. The second synthesiser standard is a compact portable unit suitable for field system testing and standards dissemination. The decoder design is based on digital sampling and storage of one cycle of the composite ‘audio’ waveform: this data is then Fourier transformed and analysed to determine the FM modulation depth and the differential phase of the two 30Hz modulating signals—the VOR bearing angle. The standard synthesiser and decoder standards have demonstrated uncertainties not exceeding ± 0.03° (95% confidence level). An extensive and detailed analysis of the sources of uncertainty is presented, particularly with regard to a ‘digital’ decoder operating with a signal produced by a ‘digital’ synthesiser. The uncertainties are tackled on two fronts: first by computer simulation not involving any hardware or genuine data transfer, and secondly by analysing data transferred from synthesiser to decoder. By these means, various sources of uncertainty are identified and assigned. The sensitivity of the detection method to digitisation uncertainties, asynchronism between decoder and generator, anharmonic 9.96 kHz subcarriers and random amplitude and phase noise was investigated. Measurements are also made on transmissions from local VOR beacons.
In-Situ Capture of CO2 in a Fluidized Bed Combustor (2003)

Increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 and concern over its effect on climate is a powerful driving force for the development of new advanced energy cycles incorporating CO2 capture. This paper investigates the feasibility of CO2 capture using the carbonation reaction of CaO “in situ” in a fluidised bed combustor, where natural gas or petroleum coke (or any other fuel with low ash content) is being burned. The sorbent can be partially regenerated for CO2 capture by combustion of part of the fuel with O2/CO2 in a separate FBC. The thermodynamic limits in the proposed cycles, in terms of CO2 capture efficiencies, are examined along with the limits imposed by the rapid decay in the sorbent activity during repeated carbonation/calcination cycles, which will be exacerbated by the presence of S. Despite these limitations, it is shown that operating windows exist where it is possible to integrate fuel combustion, CO2 and SO2 capture in a single dual reactor facility. The decay in activity in the sorbent appears to be the major practical limitation to this concept, but this can be compensated for by using a relatively large supply of fresh sorbent, which appears to be acceptable considering the low cost of limestone. Also, a novel concept to reactivate the spent sorbent using sonic energy is outlined here as an alternative to reduce the use of fresh limestone.
Robotic Manipulation for Specialty Crop Harvesting: A Review of Manipulator and End-Effector Technologies (2020)

This paper reviews recent developments in manipulator and end-effector technologies for the robotic harvesting of specialty crops that include fruits, vegetables, nursery crops, and nuts among others. Quantitative performance measures and general review criteria, including methods of crop detachment and end-effector sensing, are used to evaluate technologies and determine state-of-the-art in the field. Challenges affecting commercial implementation, limitations of current mechanical designs, and best practices are then presented. Results of the review show that, in general, robotic manipulation during harvesting has been limited by lack of system optimization and insufficient robustness to position error accumulated during visual localization. Inconsistent reporting practices have also hampered research and development across the field. At the conclusion of the review, some avenues of future research that could potentially lead to improvements in system performance are proposed. Some of the proposed recommendations include specific horticultural practices, the development of modular, multi-functional designs, and the incorporation of robust grasping techniques used in many of today’s robotic hands.
Generation of human antibody fragments against Streptococcus mutansusing a phage display chain shuffling approach (2005)

Humanization of murine antibodies can be easily achieved using phage display libraries. The human antibody fragments bind the antigen as well as the causative agent of dental caries. In addition the human diabody derivative is capable of aggregating S. mutans in vitro, making it a useful candidate passive immunotherapeutic agent for oral diseases.
Reduced Levels of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase Are Common to Lepidopteran Strains Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (2011)

Development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive DNA-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to Bt toxins in natural populations. We report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (mALP) as a common feature in strains of Cry-resistant Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera frugiperda when compared to susceptible larvae. Reduced levels of H. virescens mALP protein (HvmALP) were detected by two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis in Cry-resistant compared to susceptible larvae, further supported by alkaline phosphatase activity assays and Western blotting. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) we demonstrate that the reduction in HvmALP protein levels in resistant larvae are the result of reduced transcript amounts. Similar reductions in ALP activity and mALP transcript levels were also detected for a Cry1Ac-resistant strain of H. armigera and field-derived strains of S. frugiperda resistant to Cry1Fa. Considering the unique resistance and cross-resistance phenotypes of the insect strains used in this work, our data suggest that reduced mALP expression should be targeted for development of effective biomarkers for resistance to Cry toxins in lepidopteran pests.
The Design, Preparation, and Evaluation of Asymmetric Small Interfering RNA for Specific Gene Silencing in Mammalian Cells (2012)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly efficient endogenous gene silencing mechanism mediated by short double-stranded RNAs termed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The current standard siRNA structure, which is used by most researchers to trigger sequence-specific target gene silencing, consists of a double strand region of 19 bp with 2 nt 3'-overhangs at both ends. However, in addition to the desired target gene silencing, this conventional siRNA structure also exhibits several unintended effects that constitute obstacles to the use of siRNA in gene function studies and therapeutics development. Here, we provide protocols for designing and preparing an alternative structure for RNAi trigger, termed asymmetric shorter-duplex RNA (asiRNA). The asiRNA structure has a duplex region shorter than 19 bp and has an asymmetric 3'-overhang structure. Importantly, the asiRNA structure not only triggers efficient target gene silencing comparable to that of the 19 bp standard siRNA structure but also significantly reduces nonspecific effects triggered by 19 bp siRNAs such as sense-strand-mediated off-target silencing and the saturation of RNAi machinery. Procedures are described for verifying that asiRNA activates gene silencing through an Ago2-dependent pathway and for assessing the miRNA pathway competition potency and specific and nonspecific silencing abilities of asiRNAs. We propose that asiRNA, an improved RNAi trigger that can overcome the nonspecific effects evoked by standard siRNA structures, can be developed as a precise and effective tool for both functional genomics and therapeutic applications.
Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2003)

Low cost, colloidal deposition methods have been utilized to produce novel solid oxide fuel cell structures on metal alloy support electrodes. YSZ films were deposited on iron-chrome supports on top of a thin Ni/YSZ catalytic layer, and sintered at 1350 degrees C, in a reducing atmosphere. Dense, 20??m YSZ electrolyte films were obtained on highly porous stainless steel substrates.