gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An innovative approach to visualization of stress (2002)

This paper describes the development of a tool to help students easily visualize stresses in truss structures through photoelastic visualization of quickly assembled truss structures. Clear polymer structural members of varying lengths were designed with the capability to be connected to form a variety of simple truss structures. This development effort was conducted across functional areas in a mechanical engineering technology department. Eventually, a fully developed mechanical toolkit will be used in conjunction with computational and numerical tools in the study of stress, strain, and strength analysis as well as offering a platform to teach instrumentation techniques in experimental stress analysis.
A scalable pathway to nanostructured sapphire optical fiber for evanescent-field sensing and beyond (2015)

We here report an innovative and scalable strategy of transforming a commercial unclad sapphire optical fiber to an all-alumina nanostructured sapphire optical fiber (NSOF). The strategy entails fiber coating with metal aluminum followed by anodization to form alumina cladding of highly organized pore channel structure. Through experiments and numerical simulation, we demonstrate the utility and benefit of NSOF, analogous to all-silica microstructured optical fiber, for evanescent-field surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. We experimentally reveal the feasibility of Ag nanoparticles (NPs)-enabled NSOF SERS sensing of 10−6 M Rhodamine 6G (R6G) after thermal treatment at 500 °C for 6 h by taking advantage of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) structure to stabilize the Ag NPs. We show, via numerical simulations, that AAO cladding significantly increases the evanescent-field overlap, lower porosity of AAO results in higher evanescent-field overlap, and optimized AAO nanostructure yields greater SERS enhancement.
On Anonymization of Multi-graphs (2011)

The problem of privacy-preserving data mining has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of increasing concerns about the privacy of the underlying data. In recent years, an important data domain which has emerged is that of graphs and structured data. Many data sets such as XML data, transportation networks, traffic in IP networks, social networks and hierarchically structured data are naturally represented as graphs. Existing work on graph privacy has focussed on the problem of anonymizing nodes or edges of a single graph, in which the identity is assumed to be associated with individual nodes. In this paper, we examine the more complex case, where we have a collection of graphs, and the identity is associated with individual graphs rather than nodes or edges. In such cases, the problem of identity anonymization is extremely difficult, since we need to not only anonymize the labels on the nodes, but also the underlying global structural information. In such cases, both the global and local structural information can be a challenge to the anonymization process, since any combination of such information can be used in order to de-identify the underlying graphs. In order to achieve this goal, we will create synthesized representations of the underlying graphs based on aggregate structural analytics of the collection of graphs. The synthesized graphs retain the properties of the original data while satisfying the k-anonymity requirement. Our experimental results show that the synthesized graphs maintain a high level of structural information and compatible classification accuracies with the original data.
Deficiency In Serum Ionized Magnesium But Not Total Magnesium In Patients With Migraines. Possible Role Of Ica <sup>2+</sup> /IMg <sup>2+</sup> Ratio (1993)

It has been suggested that magnesium (Mg) may play a role in the pathogenesis of headaches. Serum and intracellular measurements of Mg in headache patients have produced inconsistent results. The recent development of an ion-selective electrode for Mg2+ allowed precise measurement of serum ionized magnesium (IMg2+) in patients with various headache syndromes. Low serum IMg2+ and a high ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio were found in 42% of patients having an attack of migraine, but only in 23% of patients with a severe continuous headache. Total serum Mg was normal in both groups of patients. However, in patients with low serum IMg2+ total serum Mg was lower than in patients with normal serum IMg2+. These results are compatible with the serotonin and vascular concepts of migraine pathogenesis. Low IMg2+ and a high ICa2+/IMg2+ would result in cerebral vasospasm and reduced blood flow in the brain. The activity of serotonin receptors can also be affected by changes in IMg2+ levels. The finding of a difference in IMg2+ levels in two different headache types suggests a possible novel classification of headaches and that migraine patients with a low serum IMg2+ or a high ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio may benefit from Mg supplementation.
Antibody Interference with <i>N</i>-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Bacterial Quorum Sensing (2006)

Many bacterial pathogens coordinate their virulence factor expression in a cell density-dependent manner. This population-dependent coordination of gene expression in bacteria has been termed "quorum sensing" (QS). N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are used by over 70 Gram-negative bacterial species as autoinducers. Inhibition of QS signaling might represent a new target for antimicrobial therapy. Here we report the hapten design, synthesis, generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against AHLs, and the evaluation of these mAbs for their ability to blunt QS signaling and inhibit virulence factor expression in P. aeruginosa. The mAbs can be envisioned as a tool for future investigations into AHL-based QS, which may aid in gaining new insights into the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa and may ultimately lead to the development of new strategies to combat bacterial diseases.
Tunable Filter Made From Three Coupled WGM Resonators (2006)

A tunable third-order band-pass optical filter has been constructed as an assembly of three coupled, tunable, whispering-gallery-mode resonators similar to the one described in Whispering-Gallery-Mode Tunable Narrow-Band-Pass Filter (NPO-30896), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 4 (April 2004), page 5a. This filter offers a combination of four characteristics that are desirable for potential applications in photonics: (1) wide real-time tunability accompanied by a high-order filter function, (2) narrowness of the passband, (3) relatively low loss between input and output coupling optical fibers, and (4) a sparse spectrum. In contrast, prior tunable band-pass optical filters have exhibited, at most, two of these four characteristics. As described in several prior NASA Tech Briefs articles, a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator is a spheroidal, disklike, or toroidal body made of a highly transparent material. It is so named because it is designed to exploit whispering-gallery electromagnetic modes, which are waveguide modes that propagate circumferentially and are concentrated in a narrow toroidal region centered on the equatorial plane and located near the outermost edge. Figure 1 depicts the optical layout of the present filter comprising an assembly of three coupled, tunable WGM resonators. Each WGM resonator is made from a disk of Z-cut LiNbO3 of 3.3-mm diameter and 50-m thickness. The perimeter of the disk is polished and rounded to a radius of curvature of 40 microns. The free spectral range of each WGM resonator is about 13.3 GHz. Gold coats on the flat faces of the disk serve as electrodes for exploiting the electro-optical effect in LiNbO3 for tuning. There is no metal coat on the rounded perimeter region, where the whispering-gallery modes propagate. Light is coupled from an input optical fiber into the whispering-gallery-modes of the first WGM resonator by means of a diamond prism. Another diamond prism is used to couple light from the whispering-gallery-modes of the third WGM resonator to an output optical fiber. The filter operates at a nominal wavelength of 1,550 nm and can be tuned over a frequency range of plus or minus 12 GHz by applying a potential in the range of plus or minus 150 V to the electrodes. The insertion loss (the loss between the input and output coupling optical fibers) was found to be repeatable at 6 dB. The resonance quality factor (Q) of the main sequence of resonator modes was found to be 5 x 10(exp 6), which corresponds to a bandwidth of 30 MHz. The filter can be shifted from one operating frequency to another within a tuning time less than or equal to 30 micro seconds. The transmission curve of the filter at frequencies near the middle of the passband closely approximates a theoretical third-order Butterworth filter profile, as shown in Figure 2.
Corneal graft detection for Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty using Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

The cornea is the window of the eye and when it is severely damaged or diseased, vision is impaired. Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) is a surgical procedure to replace the malfunctioned Descemet's membrane with a healthy one in order to restore the patient's sight. After the operation, ophthalmologists need to monitor the grafted membrane to check for signs of detachment, rejection, etc. and take appropriate actions before graft failure occurs. In this paper, we introduce the COrneaL GrAft Thickness Evaluation (COLGATE) System that we developed for ophthalmologists for the evaluation of the transplanted corneal graft. We discuss the various components in our system and methods we developed. Experiments are conducted and the results are m1 = 7.5% and m2 = 7.2%.
A maximum a posteriori approach to speaker adaptation using the trended hidden Markov model (2001)

A formulation of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach to speaker adaptation is presented with use of the trended or nonstationary-state hidden Markov model (HMM), where the Gaussian means in each HMM state are characterized by time-varying polynomial trend functions of the state sojourn time. Assuming uncorrelatedness among the polynomial coefficients in the trend functions, we have obtained analytical results for the MAP estimates of the parameters including time-varying means and time-invariant precisions. We have implemented a speech recognizer based on these results in speaker adaptation experiments using the TI46 corpora. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the trended HMM, with use of either the linear or the quadratic polynomial trend function, consistently outperforms the conventional, stationary-state HMM. The evaluation also shows that the unadapted, speaker-independent models are outperformed by the models adapted by the MAP procedure under supervision with as few as a single adaptation token. Further, adaptation of polynomial coefficients alone is shown to be better than adapting both polynomial coefficients and precision matrices when fewer than four adaptation tokens are used, while the reverse is found with a greater number of adaptation tokens.
Towards generation of mJ-level ultrashort THz pulses by optical rectification (2011)

Optical rectification of ultrashort laser pulses in LiNbO3 by tilted-pulse-front excitation is a powerful way to generate near single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses. Motivated by various applications, calculations were carried out to optimize the THz peak electric field strength. The results predict THz output with peak electric field strength on the MV/cm level in the 0.3-1.5 THz frequency range by using optimal pump pulse duration of about 500 fs, optimal crystal length, and cryogenic temperatures for reducing THz absorption in LiNbO3. The THz electric field strength can be increased further to tens of MV/cm by focusing. Using optimal conditions together with the contact grating technique THz pulses with 100 MV/cm field strength and energies on the tens-of-mJ scale are feasible.
Microsatellite instability analysis: a multicenter study for reliability and quality control. (1997)

The molecular biology section of the Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer study group-Germany, instituted a multicenter study to test the reliability and quality of microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis. Eight laboratories compared MSI analyses performed on 10 matched pairs of normal and tumor DNA from patients with colorectal carcinomas. A variety of techniques were applied to the detection of microsatellite changes: (a) silver and ethidium bromide staining of polyacrylamide gels; (b) radioactive labeling; and (c) automated fluorescence detection. The identification of highly unstable tumors and tumors without MSI was achieved in high concordance. However, the interpretation of the band patterns resulted in divergent classifications at several microsatellite marker loci for a large fraction of this tumor/normal panel. The data on more than 30 primers per case suggest that the enlargement of the microsatellite panel to more than 10 loci does not influence the results. In this study, cases with MSI in less than 10% of loci were classified as microsatellite stable, whereas MSI was diagnosed in cases with more than 40% of all markers unstable. We propose that a panel of five microsatellite loci consisting of repeats with different lengths should be analyzed in an initial analysis. When less than two marker loci display shifts in the microsatellite bands from tumor DNA, the panel should be enlarged to include an additional set of five marker loci. The number of marker loci analyzed as well as the number of unstable marker loci found should always be identified. These criteria should result in reports of MSI that are more comparable between studies.
Cancer type‐specific tNOX isoforms: A putative family of redox protein splice variants with cancer diagnostic and prognostic potential (2008)

Abstract A proteomics approach with detection on western blots using an S‐peptide tagged pan‐tNOX (ENOX2) recombinant (scFv) antibody followed by alkaline phosphatase‐linked anti S has revealed a family of more than 20 ENOX2 isoforms of varying molecular weights (34 to 94 kDa) and mostly of low isoelectric points (4.6 ± 0.7) based on serum analysis. Different isoforms characterize cancers of different tissue origins indicative of both cancer presence and tissue site of origin. ENOX2 proteins are cancer‐associated and differ from constitutive (CNOX or ENOX1) proteins primarily by the absence of a drug binding site to which the cancer‐specific scFv is directed. All are located on the cell surface where they function both as terminal oxidases for plasma membrane electron transport and carry out protein disulfide‐thiol interchange. These proteins are shed into the blood and can also be found in urine. The tNOX isoform technology is under development as a clinical aid to identify unknown or uncertain primary cancers, evaluation of metastatic spread in post surgery patients, monitoring remission following cessation of therapy and for early diagnosis in at‐risk populations.
Improved catalysts and method (1990)

An improved catalyst and method for the oxyhydrochlorination of methane is disclosed. The catalyst includes a pyrogenic porous support on which is layered as active material, cobalt chloride in major proportion, and minor proportions of an alkali metal chloride and of a rare earth chloride. On contact of the catalyst with a gas flow of methane, HCl and oxygen, more than 60% of the methane is converted and of that converted more than 40% occurs as monochloromethane. Advantageously, the monochloromethane can be used to produce gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons with the recycle of HCl for further reaction. This catalyst is also of value for the production of formic acid as are analogous catalysts with lead, silver or nickel chlorides substituted for the cobalt chloride. 8 figs., 3 tabs.
Distribution of Chemokine Receptor<i>CCR2</i>and<i>CCR5</i>Genotypes and Their Relative Contribution to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Seroconversion, Early HIV-1 RNA Concentration in Plasma, and Later Disease Progression (2002)

At the CC (beta) chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and CCR5 loci, combinations of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a 32-bp deletion (Delta32) form nine stable haplotypes (designated A through G*2). The distribution of these CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes was examined among 703 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the District of Columbia Gay (DCG) Study, and the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS). Highly exposed and persistently seronegative (HEPS; n = 90) Caucasian men from MACS more frequently carried heterozygous G*2 (Delta32) genotypes (especially A/G*2) and less frequently carried the homozygous E/E genotype compared with 469 Caucasian seroconverters (SCs) from the same cohort (P = 0.004 to 0.042). Among 341 MACS Caucasian SCs with 6- to 12-month human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion intervals and no potent antiretroviral therapy, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level during the initial 42 months after seroconversion was higher in carriers of the E/E genotype and lower in those with the 64I-bearing haplotype F*2 or the Delta32-bearing haplotype G*2 (and especially genotypes A/G*2 and F*2/G*2). A multivariable model containing these CCR markers showed significant composite effects on HIV-1 RNA at each of four postconversion intervals (P = 0.0004 to 0.050). In other models using time to AIDS as the endpoint, the same markers showed more modest contributions (P = 0.08 to 0.24) to differential outcome during 11.5 years of follow-up. Broadly consistent findings in the larger MACS Caucasian SCs and the smaller groups of MACS African-American SCs and the DCG and SFMHS Caucasian SCs indicate that specific CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes or genotypes mediate initial acquisition of HIV-1 infection, early host-virus equilibration, and subsequent pathogenesis.
<title>Passive millimeter wave camera for enhanced vision systems</title> (1996)

Passive millimeter wave (PMMW) sensors have been proposed as forward vision sensors for enhanced vision systems used in low visibility aircraft landing. This work reports on progress achieved to date in the development and manufacturing of a demonstration PMMW camera. The unit is designed to be ground and flight tested starting 1996. The camera displays on a head-up or head-down display unit a real time true image of the forward scene. With appropriate head-up symbology and accurate navigation guidance provided by global positioning satellite receivers on-board the aircraft, pilots can autonomously (without ground assist) execute category 3 low visibility take-offs and landings on non-equipped runways. We shall discuss utility of fielding these systems to airlines and other users.
Bacterial conversion of glycerol to beta-hydroxypropionaldehyde (1990)

beta-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) can be oxidized to acrylic acid, an industrially important chemical used in the manufacture of synthetic plastics and other polymers. Of 19 genera and 55 strains tested, 3 Klebsiella and 2 Enterobacter strains produced 3-HPA. The most efficient strain was Klebsiella pneumoniae NRRL B-4011. Under optimum conditions (28 degrees C; 40 g of semicarbazide hydrochloride per liter, 70 g of glycerol per liter; and pH 6.0), 3.1 g of B-4011 cells per liter accumulated 22 g of 3-HPA per liter at a specific rate of 0.83 g/g per h; however, 14.5 g of cells per liter accumulated 46 g of 3-HPA per liter at a specific rate of 0.41 g/g per h.
Smart search & retrieval on video databases (2006)

A system for fast searching in video databases is proposed, exploiting the location data of tracking algorithms. A key advantage is the sampling of object behavior independent of the frame rate, resulting in a very efficient storage. Results show that the search time on large video data sets significantly reduces, compared to traditional methods
Phase 2b Trial of Interferon-free Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 (2014)

In this phase 2b study, all-oral regimens of antiviral agents and ribavirin were effective both in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not received therapy previously and in those who had not had a response to prior therapy. (Funded by AbbVie; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01464827.).
Double-frequency birdcage volume coils for 4.7T and 7T (2005)

The aim of this study was to find an optimum design for a volume RF coil for large rodent MRI/MRS at 4.7T and 7T. Three double-frequency birdcage-type coils were made and compared with single-frequency coils. The most efficient design was a birdcage coil with alternate tuned elements. This coil retains most of the sensitivity of a single-tuned coil while preserving B1 homogeneity. Spiral and four-ring coils suffer lower efficiency at one of two frequencies. Tests of the 7T coil demonstrated high-quality proton images and phosphorous spectra of a woodchuck liver. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 26B: 16–22, 2005
Estimation of Fluid Properties Using NMR Correlations in Berea Rocks (2001)

Abstract Fluid viscosity is one of the most important parameters necessary to establish reservoir production and economic potential. Until the appearance of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques in the oil industry, oil viscosity determination was limited to laboratory tests and correlations with API gravity. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance response is the consequence of fluid properties, as viscosity and density, and its interactions with its surroundings. In water wet rocks, oil NMR behavior depends only on its properties, since it has not contact with the pore surface. However, the water attached to the surface has an effect on the global NMR signal. The technique used to overcome this situation is the NMR differential spectrum, which consists in implementing two different polarization times during NMR measurements, one that polarizes all present fluids and the other, which only polarizes the water. This technique has shown good results for sand reservoirs saturated with light oil, since the polarization time of light oil is much greater than the polarization time of water in sandstone. However, this technique cannot be used with confidence, in presence of heavier oil or in rocks where the water has greater polarization time, since both signals can be overlapped. This study is based on the idea of generating correlations to determine fluid properties through the use of mixed NMR signals of oil and water. In the study, we used Berea rocks to determine correlations for API gravity and oil viscosity vs. logarithmic average and 1st quartile of the NMR T2 distribution, for three different echo times (300, 600 and 1200 μs). These correlations were determined in a general form as function of the echo time for free fluids and in saturated samples. API gravity correlations for free fluids and fluids inside the porous media showed similar results, while viscosity results showed the need of a specific correlation for fluids inside the porous media. This work constitutes a preliminary step on the generation of correlations to determine fluid properties inside the porous media.