gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer‐aided detection of masses in digital tomosynthesis mammography: Comparison of three approaches (2008)

The authors are developing a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for masses on digital breast tomosynthesis mammograms (DBT). Three approaches were evaluated in this study. In the first approach, mass candidate identification and feature analysis are performed in the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) DBT volume. A mass likelihood score is estimated for each mass candidate using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. Mass detection is determined by a decision threshold applied to the mass likelihood score. A free response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curve that describes the detection sensitivity as a function of the number of false positives (FPs) per breast is generated by varying the decision threshold over a range. In the second approach, prescreening of mass candidate and feature analysis are first performed on the individual two-dimensional (2D) projection view (PV) images. A mass likelihood score is estimated for each mass candidate using an LDA classifier trained for the 2D features. The mass likelihood images derived from the PVs are backprojected to the breast volume to estimate the 3D spatial distribution of the mass likelihood scores. The FROC curve for mass detection can again be generated by varying the decision threshold on the 3D mass likelihood scores merged by backprojection. In the third approach, the mass likelihood scores estimated by the 3D and 2D approaches, described above, at the corresponding 3D location are combined and evaluated using FROC analysis. A data set of 100 DBT cases acquired with a GE prototype system at the Breast Imaging Laboratory in the Massachusetts General Hospital was used for comparison of the three approaches. The LDA classifiers with stepwise feature selection were designed with leave-one-case-out resampling. In FROC analysis, the CAD system for detection in the DBT volume alone achieved test sensitivities of 80% and 90% at average FP rates of 1.94 and 3.40 per breast, respectively. With the 2D detection approach, the FP rates were 2.86 and 4.05 per breast, respectively, at the corresponding sensitivities. In comparison, the average FP rates of the system combining the 3D and 2D information were 1.23 and 2.04 per breast, respectively, at 80% and 90% sensitivities. The difference in the detection performances between the 2D and the 3D approach, and that between the 3D and the combined approach were both statistically significant (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively) as estimated by alternative FROC analysis. The combined system is a promising approach to improving automated mass detection on DBTs.
TCMO(TM): A Versatile MEMS Oscillator Timing Platform (2009)

Abstract : This paper demonstrates the first MEMS oscillator with a performance comparable to a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) in frequency accuracy, temperature stability, and phase noise. The presented temperature-compensated MEMS oscillator (TCMO[Trade Mark]) achieves -116 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 kHz offset from the 123.9 MHz carrier, relating to a phase noise value of -135.6 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset at 13 MHz. The temperature drift of the MEMS oscillator is within plus or minus 2.5 ppm over the entire operating temperature range from -40 degrees C to +85 degrees C. The TCMO[TM] uses a unique circuit architecture for an analog temperature compensation so that the output frequency does not suffer from frequency or phase discontinuities.
A model free control design approach for a semi-active suspension of a passenger car (2005)

Comfort in passenger cars can be improved by including a semi-active suspension system, controlled by online varying the damping based on measurements of the car motions. The selection of an appropriate control structure is crucial, since it determines the complexity of the control design and parameter tuning process. This paper presents a flexible model-free control structure based on physical insights in the car and semi-active suspension dynamics which are used to linearize and decouple the system. A static decoupling is used to decouple the system into its modal motions heave, roll and pitch, which are then controlled by modal (diagonal) controllers, consisting of several feedback and feedforward modules, each taking care of a specific comfort or handling issue. The feedback controller is based on the Skyhook principle. Steering angle, throttle, and break pedal feedforward control roll during cornering, and pitch during acceleration and deceleration, respectively. All control parameters are physically interpretable and therefore can be easily tuned online according to guidelines given by test pilots.
Scaling of dissipative soliton fiber lasers to megawatt peak powers by use of large-area photonic crystal fiber (2010)

We report an all-normal dispersion femtosecond laser based on large-mode-area Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber. Self-starting mode-locked pulses are obtained with an average power of 12 W at 84 MHz repetition rate, corresponding to 140 nJ of chirped pulse energy. These are dechirped to a near transform-limited duration of 115 fs. Experimental results are consistent with numerical simulations of dissipative soliton intra-cavity pulse evolution, and demonstrate scaling of 100 fs pulses to megawatt peak powers.
Ionizing radiation induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2. (1994)

Eukaryotic cells respond to ionizing radiation exposure with cell cycle arrest. However, little is known about the signaling mechanisms responsible for this effect. The present work has asked whether ionizing radiation exposure is associated with changes in phosphorylation of proteins in HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. The results demonstrate increased tyrosine phosphorylation of a M(r) 34,000 substrate. This effect was detectable at 1 to 10 min after irradiation and was induced by doses of 50 to 500 cGy. Immunoprecipitation studies further suggest that this substrate is the serine/threonine p34cdc2 protein kinase. Since p34cdc2 is required for entry into mitosis, these findings support the posttranslational modification of a cell cycle regulatory protein in the response to ionizing radiation.
X-ray Crystallographic Structure of a Compact Dodecamer from a Peptide Derived from Aβ<sub>16–36</sub> (2017)

The assembly of the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ, into soluble oligomers is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The Aβ oligomers are thought to be composed of β-hairpins. Here, the effect of shifting the residue pairing of the β-hairpins on the structures of the oligomers that form is explored through X-ray crystallography. Three residue pairings were investigated using constrained macrocyclic β-hairpins in which Aβ<sub>30-36</sub> is juxtaposed with Aβ<sub>17-23</sub>, Aβ<sub>16-22</sub>, and Aβ<sub>15-21</sub>. The Aβ<sub>16-22</sub>-Aβ<sub>30-36</sub> pairing forms a compact ball-shaped dodecamer composed of fused triangular trimers. This dodecamer may help explain the structures of the trimers and dodecamers formed by full-length Aβ.
NoPeek: Information leakage reduction to share activations in distributed deep learning (2020)

For distributed machine learning with sensitive data, we demonstrate how minimizing distance correlation between raw data and intermediary representations reduces leakage of sensitive raw data patterns across client communications while maintaining model accuracy. Leakage (measured using distance correlation between input and intermediate representations) is the risk associated with the invertibility of raw data from intermediary representations. This can prevent client entities that hold sensitive data from using distributed deep learning services. We demonstrate that our method is resilient to such reconstruction attacks and is based on reduction of distance correlation between raw data and learned representations during training and inference with image datasets. We prevent such reconstruction of raw data while maintaining information required to sustain good classification accuracies.
Adaptation algorithms for a class of continuous time analog equalizers with application to serial links (2011)

This paper proposes adaptation algorithms for adapting a class of practical continuous time equalizer architectures. Gradient equations used to adapt the equalizer are derived based on impulse response weights related to the equalizer. A simplified version of the gradient is proposed. Simulation results across a range of real backplane channels show proper convergence of the gradients and minimal performance loss for the simplified gradient.
325 TALEN-edited SMART CAR T-cells leverage solid tumor microenvironment for specific and effective immunotherapy (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Adoptive cell therapy based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells has proven to be life-saving for many cancer patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy has so far been restricted to only a few malignancies, with solid tumors proving to be especially recalcitrant to efficient therapy. Poor intra-tumor infiltration by T cells and T cell dysfunction due to an immunosuppressive microenvironment are key barriers against CAR-T cell success against solid tumors. Furthermore, low level expression of CAR-directed tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in normal tissues can result in “on-target off-tumor” cytotoxicity, raising potential safety concerns. <h3>Methods</h3> Using our TALEN®-based gene editing platform, we present here innovative T cell engineering strategies that can combat some of the challenges posed by CAR-T cell development for solid tumors. These allogeneic ‘Smart CAR-T’ cells are designed to integrate locus-specific synthetic genes that can either respond to or take advantage of the unique cues localized to the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). <h3>Results</h3> Inducible expression of a tumor-antigen directed CAR by a constitutive CAR specific to TME cues greatly enhanced anti-tumor activity, while limiting ‘on target, off-tumor’ cytotoxicity. Additionally, CAR induced gene expression could boost anti-tumor CAR-T only within the TME. Thus, our gene editing strategies could increase CAR-T cell persistence and anti-tumor activity while staying restricted to the tumor milieu. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of developing CAR-T cell engineering strategies that can improve solid tumor targeting while mitigating potential safety risks, paving the way for clinical development. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> All procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with regulations and established guidelines and were reviewed and approved by the Cellectis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC ), as well as by the Animal Ethical Committee at Mispro-Biotech (New York, NY)
Prefab (2010)

Current chasms between applications implemented with different user interface toolkits make it difficult to implement and explore potentially important interaction techniques in new and existing applications, limiting the progress and impact of human-computer interaction research. We examine an approach based in the single most common characteristic of all graphical user interface toolkits, that they ultimately paint pixels to a display. We present Prefab, a system for implementing advanced behaviors through the reverse engineering of the pixels in graphical interfaces. Informed by how user interface toolkits paint interfaces, Prefab features a separation of the modeling of widget layout from the recognition of widget appearance. We validate Prefab in implementations of three applications: target-aware pointing techniques, Phosphor transitions, and Side Views parameter spectrums. Working only from pixels, we demonstrate a single implementation of these enhancements in complex existing applications created in different user interface toolkits running on different windowing systems.
A New Design of Active NPC Converter Topology with Higher Voltage Gain for AC Microgrid Applications (2022)

High-gain multilevel inverters are becoming more popular in low voltage applications because of the better harmonic profile along with the boosting of the source voltage. This paper proposes a new boost active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter configuration with fewer components. With the distinguished connection of 10 switches with blocking voltage ratings lower than the peak value of the output voltages, the proposed ANPC topology can generate seven levels of voltage (7L). In the proposed topology, five capacitors that are self-balanced have been used to boost the output voltage by a factor of 3. The proposed topology is tested in the lab under different operating conditions. The results have been analyzed and a discussion of these results has been provided.
Homoepitaxial diamond film deposition on a brilliant cut diamond anvil (1995)

A thick, homoepitaxial diamond film was deposited on the microcracked (100) tip of a brilliant cut type Ia natural diamond anvil by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The rapid (up to 20 μm/h), highly anisotropic growth resulted in a modification of the original geometry of the central flat and culet regions. The size of the diamond culet grew from 350 to ∼800 μm in diameter in about 8 h. The deposited film was characterized by optical microscopy, micro-Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Raman analysis of the deposit confirms that its crystalline quality is comparable to that of the substrate, and that it contains no amorphous or graphitic phases of carbon. The epitaxial overlayer exhibits two prominent PL bands not observed from the substrate with zero-phonon (ZPL) lines at 1.945 and 2.156 eV, which are attributed to nitrogen-related defect complexes. The present work shows the potential viability of high growth rate homoepitaxy by MPCVD for numerous industrial and scientific applications, such as high pressure research.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐21GR’ peanut (2022)

Abstract ‘Georgia‐21GR’ (Reg. no. CV‐148, PI 699897) is a high‐yielding, normal to mid‐oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Family Tospoviridae, Order Bunyavirales)‐resistant, medium‐large seeded, runner‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea ) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2021. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia‐21GR originated from a cross made between a Georgia runner‐type cultivar, ‘Georgia‐10T’, and GA 062711, an advanced runner‐type Georgia breeding line. Pedigree selection was practiced within the early‐segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F 4:6 generation with the advanced pure‐line selection GA 142513, which was the experimental designation of Georgia‐21GR. During 6 yr (2015–2020) averaged over 20 multilocation tests in Georgia, Georgia‐21GR had significantly higher total sound mature kernels grade and lower seed weight compared with ‘Georgia‐06G’. Georgia‐21GR is most similar to Georgia‐06G and should be considered another excellent cultivar for a normal to mid‐oleic option in the U.S. peanut production area.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HOT-MELT PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE (HMPSAs) BASED ON STYRENE–ISOPRENE COPOLYMERS. PART 2: INNOVATIVE MOLECULAR DESIGN FROM PREDICTIVE FORMUlATION (2004)

cited By 18
Block Copolymers Containing Silicone and Vinyl Polymer Segments by Free Radical Polymerization (2000)

Polysiloxanes with terminal hexenyl groups were converted by ozonolysis into polysiloxanes with terminal aldehyde functionality. These were used in combination with copper octanoate, triethylamine, pyridine and triphenylphosphine to initiate the polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and styrene/methyl methacrylate mixtures at 70°C. The polymerizations yielded block copolymers containing polysiloxane and vinyl (co)polymer segments. Depending on how the polymerizations terminated, the block copolymers had triblock or multiblock architectures.
DNA Sequence Analysis of a Complementary DNA for Cold-Regulated <i>Arabidopsis</i> Gene <i>cor15</i> and Characterization of the COR 15 Polypeptide (1992)

Previous studies have indicated that changes in gene expression occur in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) during cold acclimation and that certain of the cor (cold-regulated) genes encode polypeptides that share the unusual property of remaining soluble upon boiling in aqueous solution. Here, we identify a cDNA clone for a cold-regulated gene encoding one of the "boiling-stable" polypeptides, COR15. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the gene, designated cor15, encodes a 14.7-kilodalton hydrophilic polypeptide having an N-terminal amino acid sequence that closely resembles transit peptides that target proteins to the stromal compartment of chloroplasts. Immunological studies indicated that COR15 is processed in vivo and that the mature polypeptide, COR 15m, is present in the soluble fraction of chloroplasts. Possible functions of COR 15m are discussed.
Suppressing model overfitting in mining concept-drifting data streams (2006)

Mining data streams of changing class distributions is important for real-time business decision support. The stream classifier must evolve to reflect the current class distribution. This poses a serious challenge. On the one hand, relying on historical data may increase the chances of learning obsolete models. On the other hand, learning only from the latest data may lead to biased classifiers, as the latest data is often an unrepresentative sample of the current class distribution. The problem is particularly acute in classifying rare events, when, for example, instances of the rare class do not even show up in the most recent training data. In this paper, we use a stochastic model to describe the concept shifting patterns and formulate this problem as an optimization one: from the historical and the current training data that we have observed, find the most-likely current distribution, and learn a classifier based on the most-likely distribution. We derive an analytic solution and approximate this solution with an efficient algorithm, which calibrates the influence of historical data carefully to create an accurate classifier. We evaluate our algorithm with both synthetic and real-world datasets. Our results show that our algorithm produces accurate and efficient classification.
Microscale implementation of a bio-inspired acoustic localization device (2009)

We present a microscale implementation of an acoustic localization device inspired by the auditory organ of the parasitic fly Ormia Ochracea. The device consists of a pair of circular membranes coupled together with a beam. The coupling serves to amplify the difference in magnitude and phase between the response of the two membranes as the incident angle of the sound changes, allowing directional information to be deduced from the coupled device response. The device was fabricated using MEMS technology and tested with laser Doppler vibrometery. Amplification factors of up to 7 times were observed in the phase difference between the membranes at 90 degree incident sound angles, with directional sensitivity of up to 0.3μs/degree.
Power control based admission algorithms for maximizing throughput in DS-CDMA networks with multimedia traffic (2003)

The problem of jointly controlling the data rates and transmit powers of users, so as to maximize throughput in cellular DS-CDMA networks is addressed. The multicode (MC-CDMA) system, where the processing gain of each code is fixed and high rate users use multiple codes for transmission, and the variable gain (VG-CDMA) architectures are considered. The throughout maximization problem is formulated as a classical optimization problem, modeling the constraints arising from the data rate requirements and power budgets. Optimal strategies to maximize throughput in both systems are derived. While the MC-CDMA system has a simple optimal rate-power allocation algorithm, the VG-CDMA system has a more complex solution.
Minority Carrier Diffusion Length Mapping in Silicon Wafers Using a Si‐Electrolyte‐Contact (1988)

A method has been developed to determine the minority carrier diffusion length and its lateral distribution in considerable detail by measuring the back‐surface photocurrent (BPC) of a semiconductor. The wafer is illuminated with a laser at the front side and is provided with electrolyte‐contacts on both sides.
Cumulative Effect of Amino Acid Replacements Results in Enhanced Thermostability of Potato Type L α-Glucan Phosphorylase (2005)

The thermostability of potato type L alpha-glucan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) was enhanced by random and site-directed mutagenesis. We obtained three single-residue mutations-Phe39-->Leu (F39L), Asn135-->Ser (N135S), and Thr706-->Ile (T706I)-by random mutagenesis. Although the wild-type enzyme was completely inactivated, these mutant enzymes retained their activity even after heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 2 h. Combinations of these mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The simultaneous mutation of two (F39L/N135S, F39L/T706I, and N135S/T706I) or three (F39L/N135S/T706I) residues further increased the thermostability of the enzyme, indicating that the effect of the replacement of the residues was cumulative. The triple-mutant enzyme, F39L/N135S/T706I, retained 50% of its original activity after heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 20 min. Further analysis indicated that enzymes with a F39L or T706I mutation were resistant to possible proteolytic degradation.
Ultrasonic bone assessment of the distal forearm (2012)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capability of a novel ultrasound device to clinically estimate bone mineral density (BMD) at the 1/3rd radius. The device rests on a desktop and is portable, and permits real-time evaluation of the radial BMD. The device measures two (2) net time delay (NTD) parameters, NTD-DW and NTD-CW. NTD-DW is defined as the difference between the transit time of an ultrasound pulse to travel through soft-tissue, cortex and medullary cavity, and the transit time through soft tissue only of equal overall distance. NTD-CW is defined as the difference between the transit time of an ultrasound pulse to travel through soft-tissue and cortex only, and the transit time through soft tissue only again of equal overall distance. The square root of the product of these two parameters is a measure of the radial BMD at the 1/3rd location as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A clinical IRB-approved study measured ultrasonically 49 adults at the 1/3rd radius. BMD was also measured at the same anatomical site and time using DXA. A linear regression using NTD produced a linear correlation coefficient of 0.94 (P<;0.001). These results are consistent with previously reported simulation and in vitro studies. In conclusion, although x-ray methods are effective in bone mass assessment, osteoporosis remains one of the largest undiagnosed and under-diagnosed diseases in the world today. The research described here should enable significant expansion of diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis through a desktop device that ultrasonically assesses bone mass at the 1/3rd radius.
Ultraviolet photosulfidation of III–V compound semiconductors for electronic passivation (1994)

A new vacuum-compatible passivation technique for III–V compound semiconductors has been developed. Sulfur passivation of GaAs(100) is produced by ultraviolet photolytic deposition of a sulfide species from vapor phase elemental sulfur. Photoluminescence studies of the photosulfided GaAs reveal a degree of passivation greater than or equal to that produced by conventional (NH4)2S solution treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has shown that the sulfur resides on the surface as a single reduced sulfur species, either as sulfide or disulfide, indicating complete fragmentation of the S8 ring by UV light in proximity to the surface. The degree of photosulfidation depends strongly on surface preparation as demonstrated by the described surface oxide removal studies.