gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal HVAC Control as Demand Response with On-site Energy Storage and Generation System (2015)

Commercial and residential buildings consume more than 40% of the total energy in most countries, and HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems typically consume more than 50% of the building energy consumption. A recent study [1] indicates that optimal control of HVAC system can achieve energy savings of up to 45%. Therefore, optimized control of HVAC system can potentially reduce significant amount of energy consumption globally. Demand response (DR) is becoming an important mean to reduce peak energy consumption and balance energy demand and supply. Hence, optimal control of building's HVAC system as a DR may not only reduce energy cost in buildings, but also reduce energy production in grid, stabilize energy grid and promote smart grid. In this paper, we describe a model predictive control (MPC) framework that optimally determines control profiles of the HVAC system as demand response. A Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NARNET) models the thermal behavior of the building zone and the optimal control problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) problem. The optimal control objective minimizes the total energy costs of powering HVAC system and the corresponding GHG emission considering dynamic demand response signal, on-site energy storage system and energy generation system while satisfying thermal comfort of building occupants within the physical limitation of HVAC equipment, on-site energy storage system and on-site energy generator.
HPLC of Insect Honeydew Deposits Collected from the High Speed Stickiness Detector (2005)

The objective of this work is to study the composition of insect honeydew deposits collected from the high speed stickiness detector (H2SD). Both the effects of the hot plate temperature and the cleaning roll pressure of the H2SD on honeydew-contaminated cottons are evaluated. The tested materials consist of samples from 27 bales contaminated by whitefly honeydew (from geographic Area 1), 27 bales contaminated by aphid and whitefly honeydew (from geographic Area 2), and 27 bales contaminated by aphid honeydew (from geographic Area 3). Analyses of the data reveal strong interactions of hot plate temperature, cleaning roll pressure, and contamination type. The HPLC analysis of sticky deposits collected from the H2SD aluminum foil shows that for cotton contaminated with whitefly honeydew, trehalulose is the dominant sugar and the main cause of stickiness. However, for cotton contaminated with aphid honeydew, unidentified compounds are suspected of being major contributors to stickiness.
High quantum efficiency photocathode using surface plasmon resonance (2014)

To improve QE of the photocathode using surface plasmon resonance, we have employed the new arrangement of the photocathode and incident light, where the direction of the surface plasmon coincides with the momentum direction of the emitting electrons. We have achieved the QE by 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> times larger than that of the conventional photocathode using surface plasmon resonance.
Synthetically Tuning the 2‐Position of Halogenated Quinolines: Optimizing Antibacterial and Biofilm Eradication Activities via Alkylation and Reductive Amination Pathways (2016)

Agents capable of eradicating bacterial biofilms are of great importance to human health as biofilm-associated infections are tolerant to our current antibiotic therapies. We have recently discovered that halogenated quinoline (HQ) small molecules are: 1) capable of eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) biofilms, and 2) synthetic tuning of the 2-position of the HQ scaffold has a significant impact on antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Here, we report the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of 39 HQ analogues that have a high degree of structural diversity at the 2-position. We identified diverse analogues that are alkylated and aminated at the 2-position of the HQ scaffold and demonstrate potent antibacterial (MIC≤0.39 μm) and biofilm eradication (MBEC 1.0-93.8 μm) activities against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium strains while demonstrating <5 % haemolysis activity against human red blood cells (RBCs) at 200 μm. In addition, these HQs demonstrated low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. Halogenated quinolines are a promising class of antibiofilm agents against Gram-positive pathogens that could lead to useful treatments against persistent bacterial infections.
Evolutionarily divergent herpesviruses modulate T cell activation by targeting the herpesvirus entry mediator cosignaling pathway (2005)

The herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily, can act as a molecular switch that modulates T cell activation by propagating positive signals from the TNF-related ligand LIGHT (TNFR superfamily 14), or inhibitory signals through the Ig superfamily member B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). Competitive binding analysis and mutagenesis reveals a unique BTLA binding site centered on a critical lysine residue in cysteine-rich domain 1 of HVEM. The BTLA binding site on HVEM overlaps with the binding site for the herpes simplex virus 1 envelope glycoprotein D, but is distinct from where LIGHT binds, yet glycoprotein D inhibits the binding of both ligands, potentially nullifying the pathway. The binding site on HVEM for BTLA is conserved in the orphan TNFR, UL144, present in human CMV. UL144 binds BTLA, but not LIGHT, and inhibits T cell proliferation, selectively mimicking the inhibitory cosignaling function of HVEM. The demonstration that distinct herpesviruses target the HVEM-BTLA cosignaling pathway suggests the importance of this pathway in regulating T cell activation during host defenses.
Optimal Protocols and Tradeoffs in Quantum Key Distribution (2004)

Quantum key distribution protocols based on equiangular spherical codes are introduced and a security comparison made to random and unbiased‐bases schemes in two and three dimensions. Attention is limited to intercept/resend attacks for simplicity. In each case, a general tradeoff between eavesdropper resistance and key generation speed is observed, with the largest possible spherical code found to be the most robust, inviting the question of their optimality in general.
Annexin A2 (2010)

Hemorrhagic transformation, incomplete reperfusion, neurotoxicity, and the short treatment time window comprise major challenges for thrombolytic therapy. Improving tissue plasminogen activator therapy has become one of the highest priorities in the stroke field. Recent efforts have been aimed at identifying new strategies that might enhance the thrombolytic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator at the same time as reducing its associated complications related to hemorrhage and neurotoxicity. We believe that the combination of low-dose tissue plasminogen activator with recombinant annexin A2 (a tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen coreceptor) might constitute a promising approach. Our pilot study using a focal embolic stroke model in rats supports this hypothesis.
Modified Composite Struts Would Damp Vibrations (1993)

Composite-material (fiber/matrix laminate) struts damping longitudinal vibrations fabricated more easily in proposed new design. Prior design described in Composite Struts Would Damp Vibrations (NPO-17914). New design similar except pattern of fibers includes rounded bends (instead of sharp bends) in fibers.
Evidence and Consequence of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Recombination (2004)

The genetic nature and biological effects of recombination between porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) were studied. An infectious molecular clone was generated from a high-titer, human-tropic PERV isolate, PERV-A 14/220 (B. A. Oldmixon, et al. J. Virol. 76:3045-3048, 2002; T. A. Ericsson et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:6759-6764, 2003). To analyze this sequence and 15 available full-length PERV nucleotide sequences, we developed a sequence comparison program, LOHA(TM) to calculate local sequence homology between two sequences. This analysis determined that PERV-A 14/220 arose by homologous recombination of a PERV-C genome replacing an 850-bp region around the pol-env junction with that of a PERV-A sequence. This 850-bp PERV-A sequence encompasses the env receptor binding domain, thereby conferring a wide host range including human cells. In addition, we determined that multiple regions derived from PERV-C are responsible for the increased infectious titer of PERV-A 14/220. Thus, a single recombination event may be a fast and effective way to generate high-titer, potentially harmful PERV. Further, local homology and phylogenetic analyses between 16 full-length sequences revealed evidence for other recombination events in the past that give rise to other PERV genomes that possess the PERV-A, but not the PERV-B, env gene. These results indicate that PERV-A env is more prone to recombination with heterogeneous backbone genomes than PERV-B env. Such recombination events that generate more active PERV-A appear to occur in pigs rather frequently, which increases the potential risk of zoonotic PERV transmission. In this context, pigs lacking non-human-tropic PERV-C would be more suitable as donor animals for clinical xenotransplantation.
SketchInsight: Natural data exploration on interactive whiteboards leveraging pen and touch interaction (2015)

In this work, we advance research efforts in combining the casual sketching approach of whiteboards with the machine's computing power. We present SketchInsight, a system that applies the familiar and collaborative features of a whiteboard interface to the accurate data exploration capabilities of interactive visualizations. SketchInsight enables data analysis with more fluid interaction, allowing people to visually explore their data by drawing simple charts and directly manipulating them. In addition, we report results from a qualitative study conducted to evaluate user experience in exploring data with SketchInsight, expanding our understanding on how people use a pen- and touch-enabled digital whiteboard for data exploration. We also discuss the challenges in building a working system that supports data analytic capabilities with pen and touch interaction and freeform annotation.
Leakage Biased Sleep Switch Domino Logic (2006)

A low overhead circuit technique is proposed in this paper for simultaneously reducing subthreshold and gate oxide leakage currents in domino logic circuits. PMOS sleep transistors and a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology is utilized to place an idle domino logic circuit into a low leakage state. A sleep transistor added to the dynamic node strongly turns off all of the high threshold voltage transistors. Similarly, a sleep switch added to the output inverter exploits the initially high subthreshold and gate-oxide leakage currents for placing a circuit into an ultimately low leakage state. The proposed circuit technique lowers the total leakage power by 56.1% to 97.6% as compared to standard dual threshold voltage domino logic circuits. Similarly, a 4.6% to 50.6% reduction in total leakage power is observed as compared to a previously published sleep switch scheme in a 45nm CMOS technology.
Robust Portfolio Selection Problems (2003)

In this paper we show how to formulate and solve robust portfolio selection problems. The objective of these robust formulations is to systematically combat the sensitivity of the optimal portfolio to statistical and modeling errors in the estimates of the relevant market parameters. We introduce “uncertainty structures” for the market parameters and show that the robust portfolio selection problems corresponding to these uncertainty structures can be reformulated as secondorder cone programs and, therefore, the computational effort required to solve them is comparable to that required for solving convex quadratic programs. Moreover, we show that these uncertainty structures correspond to confidence regions associated with the statistical procedures employed to estimate the market parameters. Finally, we demonstrate a simple recipe for efficiently computing robust portfolios given raw market data and a desired level of confidence.
MULTI-ANALYTE DETECTION FOR BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS - Towards Continous Monitoring of Glucose, Ionized Calcium and pH using a Viscometric Affinity Biosensor (2011)

We present a viscometric affinity biosensor that can potentially allow continuous multi-analyte monitoring in biological fluids like blood or plasma. The sensing principle is based on the detection of viscosity changes of a polymeric solution which has a selective affinity for the analyte of interest. The chemico-mechanical sensor incorporates an actuating piezoelectric diaphragm, a sensing piezoelectric diaphragm and a flow-resisting microchannel for viscosity detection. A free-standing Anodic Alumina Oxide (AAO) porous nano-membrane is used as selective interface. A glucose-sensitive sensor was fabricated and extensively assessed in buffer solution. The sensor reversibility, stability and sensitivity were excellent during at least 65 hours. Results showed also a good degree of stability for a long term measurement (25 days). The sensor behaviour was furthermore tested in fetal bovine serum (FBS). The obtained results for glucose sensing are very promising, indicating that the developed sensor is a candidate for continuous monitoring in biological fluids. Sensitive solutions for ionized calcium and pH are currently under development and should allow multi-analyte sensing in the near future.
Reconfigurable optical filter (2005)

A narrowband, widely tunable optical filter with a reconfigurable spectrum is proposed, and the critical component for the filter operation is demonstrated. The filter is based on a whispering gallery mode resonator made of domain engineered LiNbO3 crystal. The main feature of the filter is tunability of the spacing between some of the optical modes of the resonator. The spacing is electro-optically manipulated at 7 GHz in the linear regime with approximately 21 MHz/V tuning rate. The filter operates at 1.55 µm wavelength, and is characterised with 10 MHz bandwidth, 5 dB fibre-to-fibre insertion loss and 20 ns tuning speed.
Compact ultrafast semiconductor disk laser: targeting GFP based nonlinear applications in living organisms (2011)

We present a portable ultrafast Semiconductor Disk Laser (SDL) (or vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser-VECSELs), to be used for nonlinear microscopy. The SDL is modelocked using a quantum-dot semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), delivering an average output power of 287 mW, with 1.5 ps pulses at 500 MHz and a central wavelength of 965 nm. Specifically, despite the fact of having long pulses and high repetition rates, we demonstrate the potential of this laser for Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in a set of neuronal processes and cell bodies. Efficient TPEF imaging is achieved due to the fact that this wavelength matches the peak of the two-photon action cross section of this widely used fluorescent marker. The SDL extended versatility is shown by presenting Second Harmonic Generation images of pharynx, uterus, body wall muscles and its potential to be used to excite other different commercial dyes. Importantly this non-expensive, turn-key, compact laser system could be used as a platform to develop portable nonlinear bio-imaging devices.
Dystrophin contains multiple independent membrane-binding domains (2016)

Dystrophin is a large sub-sarcolemmal protein. Its absence leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Binding to the sarcolemma is essential for dystrophin to protect muscle from contraction-induced injury. It has long been thought that membrane binding of dystrophin depends on its cysteine-rich (CR) domain. Here, we provide in vivo evidence suggesting that dystrophin contains three additional membrane-binding domains including spectrin-like repeats (R)1-3, R10-12 and C-terminus (CT). To systematically study dystrophin membrane binding, we split full-length dystrophin into ten fragments and examined subcellular localizations of each fragment by adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer. In skeletal muscle, R1-3, CR domain and CT were exclusively localized at the sarcolemma. R10-12 showed both cytosolic and sarcolemmal localization. Importantly, the CR-independent membrane binding was conserved in murine and canine muscles. A critical function of the CR-mediated membrane interaction is the assembly of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). While R1-3 and R10-12 did not restore the DGC, surprisingly, CT alone was sufficient to establish the DGC at the sarcolemma. Additional studies suggest that R1-3 and CT also bind to the sarcolemma in the heart, though relatively weak. Taken together, our study provides the first conclusive in vivo evidence that dystrophin contains multiple independent membrane-binding domains. These structurally and functionally distinctive membrane-binding domains provide a molecular framework for dystrophin to function as a shock absorber and signaling hub. Our results not only shed critical light on dystrophin biology and DMD pathogenesis, but also provide a foundation for rationally engineering minimized dystrophins for DMD gene therapy.
A New Route to Monolithic Methylsilsesquioxanes:  Gelation Behavior of Methyltrimethoxysilane and Morphology of Resulting Methylsilsesquioxanes under One-Step and Two-Step Processing (2005)

Polymerization of methyltrimethoxysliane (MTMS) results in methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ), which has found important applications in recent years including use as low-k dielectric materials in the semiconductor industry, superhydrophobic materials, monolithic columns, and hybrid matrixes for immobilizing proteins. For polycondensation of MTMS in ethanolic solutions, we report the sol−gel behavior under two different sets of conditions. First, we examined one-step polymerization over a wide range of pH and show that the initial pH is important in determining both the gelation behavior of MTMS-derived sols and the morphology of the resulting MSQ materials. In the one-step method, we obtained either transparent precipitates and/or macroscopically phase-separated resins when the pH was below the isoelectric point (IEP) of the silanols; either macroscopically phase-separated resins or macroporous monolithic gels with pH > IEP; and homogeneous solutions when the pH was close to the IEP. We also report on the use of a two-step catalysis method using an initial acid catalysis step followed by a base-catalyzed condensation step (denoted as B2), which is able to produce bimodal micro/meso or trimodal micro/meso/macroporous MSQ monoliths, depending on the specific conditions employed. The resulting materials are shown to be more resistant to exposure to base relative to macroporous silica. These results indicate that MSQ materials derived by the two-step processing method should be useful for the development of chromatographic stationary phases and as porous materials for protein entrapment.
Timing accuracy enhancement by a new calibration scheme for multi-Gbps ATE (2005)

The ever increasing data rate of high speed I/Os has required higher test timing accuracy. In order to keep improving ATE's edge placement accuracy, we have reviewed the traditional timing calibration methods in detail, and studied the timing error mechanism. Then we have developed a new calibration scheme to overcome the fundamental issues in some traditional calibration methods. Our main focus in This work is on the following three areas: data dependent jitter (timing error), pin-to-pin skew and calibration at DUT.
Wavelet Fingerprinting of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags (2011)

Unintentional modulations of the electromagnetic signal of radio-frequency (RF) emitters are used to identify individual sources of signals as unique from emitters of the same type in a procedure known as RF fingerprinting. It allows for the identification and tracking of physical threats, prevention of unauthorized access, and detecting cloning of sensitive devices. Machine learning techniques assist RF fingerprinting by providing automatic recognition of these unique aspects of individual RF emitters. RF identification (RFID) tags are a common RF emitter used to track supplies and are also present in credit cards and passports to allow for automatic recognition or monetary transfers. Despite advances in RFID cryptography, RFID tags can still be easily cloned and tracked. Here, we implement RF fingerprinting to authenticate individual RFID tags at the physical layer. Features are extracted using the dynamic wavelet fingerprint, and supervised pattern classification techniques are used to identify unique RFID tags with up to 99% accuracy.
Construction of recombinant DNA by exonuclease recession (1993)

We describe a new exonuclease-based method for joining and/or constructing two or more DNA molecules. DNA fragments containing ends complementary to those of a vector or another independent molecules were generated by the polymerase chain reaction. The 3' ends of these molecules as well as the vector DNA were then recessed by exonuclease activity and annealed in an orientation-determined manner via their complementary single-stranded regions. This recombinant DNA can be transformed directly into bacteria without a further ligase-dependent reaction. Using this approach, we have constructed recombinant DNA molecules rapidly, efficiently and directionally. This method can effectively replace conventional protocols for PCR cloning, PCR SOEing, DNA subcloning and site-directed mutagenesis.
Regions of PspA/EF3296 Best Able To Elicit Protection against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in a Murine Infection Model (2003)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) can elicit protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mouse infection models. PspA is classified by serology and amino acid sequence into two major families that are divided by sequence into five clades. The most variable portion of the molecule is the alpha-helical domain, which comprises the N-terminal half of PspA. Prior studies of a family 1 PspA protein observed that protective antibodies are reactive with epitopes in the alpha-helical domain and that most cross-protective epitopes mapped to the 108 most C-terminal amino acids of the alpha-helical region. In these studies, we have used six overlapping recombinant fragments of family 2, clade 3 PspA/EF3296 to map the protection-eliciting regions of its alpha-helical domain. The three fragments, which included the 104 most C-terminal amino acids of the alpha-helical domain (314 to 418), could each elicit protection against EF3296. A fragment comprising amino acids 75 to 305 failed to elicit significant protection. A fragment containing amino acids 1 to 115 elicited protection against EF3296 in BALB/c mice but not in CBA/N mice. All three fragments containing amino acids 314 to 418 were able to elicit cross-protection against pneumococci expressing PspA proteins of clades 2, 3, 4, and 5. Cross-protection elicited by these three fragments was easier to demonstrate in CBA/N mice than in BALB/c mice. The 1-to-115 fragment, however, elicited some cross-protection against clades 2 and 4 in BALB/c mice but not in CBA/N mice. These studies provide support for the importance of the C-terminal 104 and N-terminal 115 amino acids of the alpha-helical region of PspA in the elicitation of cross-protection.