gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency Separation Control of Series Sequential Boosting System With Electric Supercharger and Turbocharger (2017)

To improve transient torque response of an aggressively downsized turbocharged SI engine a series sequential boosting configuration that utilizes an electrically driven supercharger to assist the main turbocharger compressor is controlled in this paper. A frequency separation controller is designed to decouple the dynamics of the multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system. The controller separates the electric supercharger and turbocharger control actions into different frequency bands that are well suited for the characteristics of each device. The controller can be easily implemented with traditional decentralized single input single output (SISO) control loops. Significant improvements to the baseline turbocharger only system in transient boost pressure response are observed both in simulation and in vehicle test results. Transitions between the electric supercharger and turbocharger are smooth, without noticeable disturbances, with good coordination between electric supercharger and wastegate control actions.
691-P: Closed-Loop Glycemic Control with the Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

Closed-loop insulin delivery has been shown to improve glycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) but fewer studies have applied these technologies to the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a random-order crossover feasibility study in 5 adults with T2D who used basal and prandial insulin, comparing automated glycemic control with the insulin-only bionic pancreas (BP) to usual care (UC) in the home-use setting. Each study period was one week long. Non-insulin diabetes medications besides metformin were held during the BP arm only. The BP utilized the same control algorithms previously tested in T1D. The system was initialized with participants’ body mass only; no information on insulin requirement or regimen was provided to the BP. Participants were encouraged to enter qualitative meal announcements (“typical”, “small”, or “ large” amounts of carbohydrate) for main meals but not for snacks. The BP used a target glucose of 100 mg/dl (110 mg/dl is the minimum target previously used by the insulin-only configuration in T1D studies). There was a nominal improvement in mean continuous glucose monitor (CGM) glucose in the BP compared to UC arms (137±8 vs. 153±21 mg/dl) with similar % time <60 mg/dl (0.5 vs. 0.6%). The application of automated insulin delivery systems holds promise for safe and effective glycemic control in T2D management. Larger and longer studies are justified.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureJ. Sherwood: None. C. A. Balliro: Consultant; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Novo Nordisk. M. Hillard: None. R. Selagamsetty: Employee; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc. F. El-khatib: Employee; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc. E. Damiano: Other Relationship; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Beta Bionics, Inc. S. J. Russell: Advisory Panel; Self; Companion Medical, ConvaTec Inc., Consultant; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Other Relationship; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Zealand Pharma A/S.FundingThe Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
Optimal replication of location information in mobile networks (2003)

An important issue in the design of future personal communication services (PCS) networks is the efficient management of location information. In this paper, we consider a distributed database architecture for location management in which update and query loads of the individual databases are balanced. An important issue to consider in load balanced location management algorithms is the number of databases a mobile host's location information is updated in. To have the same replication for all mobiles is not optimal. In this paper we present a dynamic load balanced algorithm which replicates mobile hosts according to their level of activity. We analyze the algorithms and derive expressions for the cost of the algorithm. We compare the algorithm with an existing algorithm and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The p80 TNF receptor‐associated kinase (p80TRAK) associates with residues 354–397 of the p80 cytoplasmic domain: similarity to casein kinase (1997)

The cytoplasmic domain of the p80 TNF receptor associates with a protein kinase, termed p80TRAK, that phosphorylates both the p60 and p80 TNF receptors. To determine the region of the cytoplasmic domain that is necessary for binding of p80TRAK and the region that it phosphorylates, a series of deletions of the p80 cytoplasmic domain were constructed and expressed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins. These fusions were then used to examine the binding of p80TRAK derived from cellular extracts. We found that out of 174 residues (266-439) in the cytoplasmic domain of p80 receptor, 44 residues (354-397) were sufficient for binding of p80TRAK. Interestingly, this was also the region that contained the phosphorylation site for p80TRAK. Phosphoamino acid analysis of this region revealed phosphorylation primarily on serine residues. Furthermore, we found that, like p80TRAK, purified casein kinase 1 (CK1) also binds to residues 354-397 of the p80 TNF receptor and causes its phosphorylation. Additionally, the activity of p80TRAK was inhibited by CK1-7, the CK1-specific inhibitor. Thus, our results indicate that p80TRAK associates with a short stretch of approximately 44 residues located in the cytoplasmic domain of the p80 TNF receptor and that this kinase is similar to CK1.
Isolation and characterization of two plasmids from <b> <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> </b> (1997)

In order to develop a cloning vector system which can be used in Bifidobacterium sp., we screened about 100 bifidobacteria from the faeces of adults and children. Among them, only one strain, identified as B. longum KJ, was shown to contain extrachromosomal DNAs. Bifidobacterium longum KJ showed multiple plasmid DNA bands which were resolved to be multimers of two plasmids designated pKJ36 and pKJ50. These plasmids were cloned into the Escherichia coli vector pUC19 as pMS36 and pMS50, respectively, and restriction-mapped.
The VP2/VP3 Minor Capsid Protein of Simian Virus 40 Promotes the in Vitro Assembly of the Major Capsid Protein VP1 into Particles (2006)

The SV40 capsid is composed primarily of 72 pentamers of the VP1 major capsid protein. Although the capsid also contains the minor capsid protein VP2 and its amino-terminally truncated form VP3, their roles in capsid assembly remain unknown. An in vitro assembly system was used to investigate the role of VP2 in the assembly of recombinant VP1 pentamers. Under physiological salt and pH conditions, VP1 alone remained dissociated, and at pH 5.0, it assembled into tubular structures. A stoichiometric amount of VP2 allowed the assembly of VP1 pentamers into spherical particles in a pH range of 7.0 to 4.0. Electron microscopy observation, sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis, and antibody accessibility tests showed that VP2 is incorporated into VP1 particles. The functional domains of VP2 important for VP1 binding and for enhancing VP1 assembly were further explored with a series of VP2 deletion mutants. VP3 also enhanced VP1 assembly, and a region common to VP2 and VP3 (amino acids 119-272) was required to promote VP1 pentamer assembly. These results are relevant for controlling recombinant capsid formation in vitro, which is potentially useful for the in vitro development of SV40 virus vectors.
Subharmonic Imaging with Microbubble Contrast Agents: Initial Results (1999)

The subharmonic emission from insonified contrast microbubbles was used to create a new imaging modality called Subharmonic Imaging. The subharmonic response of contrast microbubbles to ultrasound pulses was first investigated for determining adequate acoustic transmit parameters. Subharmonic A-lines and gray scale images were then obtained using a laboratory pulse-echo system in vitro and a modified ultrasound scanner in vivo. Excellent suppression of all backscattered signals other than from contrast microbubbles was achieved for subharmonic A-lines in vitro while further optimization is required for in vivo gray scale subharmonic images.
Towards real-time semantic localization (2012)

Abstract — We describe an efficient image-based localization system which can be used for real-time, continuous semantic localization within a known environment. Our system can precisely localize a camera in real-time from a video stream within a fairly large scene that has been reconstructed offline using structure from motion (SfM). This is achieved by interleaving a fast keypoint tracker that uses BRIEF descriptors, with a direct 2D-to-3D matching approach for recognizing 3D points in the map. Our approach does not require the construction of an explicit semantic map. Rather semantic information can be associated with the 3D points in the SfM reconstruction and can be retrieved via recognition during online localization. I.
Thin waveplate lenses of switchable focal length - new generation in optics (2015)

We present new lenses - waveplate lenses created in liquid crystal and liquid crystal polymer materials. Using an electrically-switchable liquid-crystal half-wave retarder we realized switching between focused and defocused beams by the waveplate lens. A combination of two such lenses allowed the collimation of a laser beam as well as the change of focal length of optical system.
Conquering three-carbon axial chirality of allenes (2014)

While one-carbon central chirality of organic molecules has been recognized and extensively studied for more than a century, far less attention has been paid to three-carbon axial chirality of allenes, although they exist in nature with interesting biological activity and have been demonstrated with great synthetic potentials. However, remarkable progress has been made in this field in recent years, giving rise to axially chiral allenes with a wide range of functionalities with practical enantioselectivity. This review provides a concise account of enantioselective syntheses of axially chiral allenes with a selection of published protocols.
History-Assisted Adaptive-Granularity Caches (HAAG$) for High Performance 3D DRAM Architectures (2015)

3D-stacked DRAM has the potential to provide high performance and large capacity memory for future high performance computing systems and datacenters, and the integration of a dedicated logic die opens up opportunities for architectural enhancements such as DRAM row-buffer caches. However, high performance and cost-effective row-buffer cache designs remain challenging for 3D memory systems. In this paper, we propose History-Assisted Adaptive-Granularity Cache (HAAG$) that employs an adaptive caching scheme to support full associativity at various granularities, and an intelligent history-assisted predictor to support a large number of banks in 3D memory systems. By increasing the row-buffer cache hit rate and avoiding unnecessary data caching, HAAG$ significantly reduces memory access latency and dynamic power. Our design works particularly well for manycore CPUs running (irregular) memory intensive applications where memory locality is hard to exploit. Evaluation results show that with memory-intensive CPU workloads, HAAG$ can outperform the state-of-the-art row buffer cache by 33.5%.
Construction of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for the efficient consolidated bioprocessing of raw starch (2019)

A novel amylolytic enzyme combination has been produced by two industrial <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains. These recombinant strains represent potential drop-in CBP yeast substitutes for the existing conventional and raw starch fermentation processes.
DNA Translocation through a Nanopore (2006)

DNA sequencing through a nanopore is a great challenge in the field of biotechnology. Recent experiments on voltagedriven DNA and RNA translocations through a nanopore indicate that the size and geometry of the pore are important factors in polymer dynamics. A molecular dynamic approach is presented here which explicitly takes into account the effects of the size of the nanopore. It is shown that the diameter of the pore is crucial for DNA translocation. Motivated by the experiment in which a DNA strand is threaded through a cyclodextrin ring by applying external force to differentiate the purine from pyrimidine, we studied the hydrodynamic properties of single-stranded DNA in free solution by molecular dynamics simulations and calculated the friction and diffusion coefficients of single stranded DNA threaded through a cyclodextrin ring. Three different pore sizes are used for DNA translocation to see the effects of the pore size and the geometry on friction and diffusion of the DNA molecule when it translates through a nanopore.
Highly Efficient Capillary Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Cellulose Nanofiber‐Templated TiO<sub>2</sub> Photoanodes (2014)

A capillary photoelectrochemical (PEC) system is developed using cellulose-nanofiber (CNF)-templated TiO2 nanostructures to perform water splitting reactions outside of the electrolyte body, where the electrolyte is supplied through capillary force-driven nano/micro-channels in the CNF film. Enhanced reaction kinetics and higher efficiencies are observed in the capillary PEC process compared with conventional in-electrolyte PEC setups. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real-Time QoS in Enhanced 3G Cellular Packet Systems of a Shared Downlink Channel (2007)

We propose a call (user) admission control (CAC) algorithm and a scheduling framework for real-time services in the enhanced third-generation (3G) cellular systems, e.g., WCDMA HSDPA or cdma2000 HDR systems, where multiple IP users share a time-slotted downlink packet channel in each cell. At the user or flow level, the CAC algorithm maximizes user accommodations under the QoS constraint, e.g., per-user expectation of profile rate, and the constraint of location-dependent resource availability. At the packet level, our scheduling framework, named maximum cost deduction (MCD), derives two algorithms - both are QoS-aware and channel-dependent: One is called real-time MCD (rt-MCD), which minimizes a delay-derived cost function of backlogged packets at the smallest timescale; the other is called non-real-time MCD (nrt-MCD), which balances between the real-time delay deduction and the non-real-time (i.e., large-timescale) per-user fairness. The cross-layer designed CAC and MCD algorithms exploit multi-user diversity based on online measured radio resource allocation. Together they provide high system efficiency and a balance between flow-level QoS (e.g. the aggregate goodput and the blocking rate of newly arrived users) and packet-level QoS (e.g., the packet queueing delay or loss). Extensive simulations and comparisons with the prior art show that our algorithms can deliver efficient real-time services and remain robust to different load scenarios that vary according to system dynamics and/or user mobility
Activation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor by two Homologous Proteases, Blood-Coagulation Factor XIIa and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator (1995)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is secreted as an inactive single-chain precursor from the producing cells, and normally remains in this form associated with the extracellular matrix. In response to tissue injury, the single-chain precursor is converted to a biologically active heterodimer by a serine protease, the activity of which is induced in the injured tissue. We have previously identified HGF activator, a serum serine protease that activates single-chain HGF. The sequence of HGF activator cDNA revealed that the HGF activator is homologous to blood-coagulation factor XIIa. In this study, we found that coagulation factor XIIa has an ability to activate single-chain HGF. Factor XIIa exhibited a significant level of HGF-converting activity in the presence of dextran sulfate, although the specific activity of factor XIIa was slightly lower than that of the HGF activator. Since factor XIIa is activated during the initiation of contact activation induced by tissue injury, factor XIIa may function as an HGF-converting enzyme together with HGF activator in the injured tissue. C1-inhibitor, antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin, that regulate the blood-clotting activity of factor XIIa, were also effective against the HGF-converting activity of factor XIIa. Furthermore, factor XIIa was not active in the HGF-converting activity in serum. Thus, the HGF-converting activity of factor XIIa may be regulated by these serum inhibitors.
Antibody Response and Virus Shedding of Chickens Inoculated with Left End Deleted Fowl Adenovirus 9-Based Recombinant Viruses (2011)

The nonpathogenic fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are suitable recombinant virus vectors. Two different replication-competent FAdV-9-based recombinant viruses carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene within a nonessential DNA sequence at the left end genomic region were tested in chickens to study the antibody response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to both the foreign proteins, EGFP and FAdV-9, and virus shedding through the feces. All inoculations were done intramuscularly: groups 1 and 2 with the recombinant viruses and group 3 with the wild-type FAdV-9 virus. Group 4 was mock inoculated. Sentinel birds also were included in groups 1-3 to study virus transmission. Boosting inoculations were done in all groups at 2, 3, and 4 wk after the first inoculation. Antibodies to EGFP were detected at 3-7 wk postinoculation in groups 1 and 2 only. Antibody response to FAdV-9 in groups 1-3 did not differ significantly (P > 0.06). Virus was not detected in the feces of chickens in groups 1 and 2, including the sentinel birds, but virus was present in the feces of chickens in group 3, including the sentinel birds. These results further supported our previous findings regarding the suitability of the nonessential region at the left end of the viral genome as an insertion site for foreign genes and its importance in in vivo replication. In this work, we demonstrated the potential of FAdV-9-based recombinant viruses as vaccines for poultry.
Direct Solar Power Acquisition Using Solar Wing Current (2008)

A simple and robust method for power acquisition for achieving power, thermal, and momentum safety for high power-demand spacecraft uses current sensors of the solar wings rather than conventional sun sensors. The method includes a wing sun search phase, an x/z slew phase, and a safe hold phase. Solar wing current is continuously monitored against a high current threshold and a low current threshold. Wing sun search phase transitions either to x/z slew phase or safe hold phase. When solar wing current is lower than the low current threshold, the x/z slew phase is entered that slews the spacecraft about an axis in the x/z plane until solar wing current is higher than the high current threshold. When current is higher than the high current threshold, the method transitions to or remains in safe hold phase in which the spacecraft is spun about its solar wing axis. The low current persistence timer is set to be longer than the high current persistence timer in order to bias the method to prefer safe hold phase over x/z slew phase. The new method reduces cost by eliminating the need of conventional sun sensors. In addition, the new method has reduced the time-topower-safety by a factor of two, a key discriminator between saving and loss of the spacecraft.
Stability and Performance Analysis of an Adaptive (2001)

This work develops an adaptive sigma-delta modu- lator that is based on adapting the quantizer step-size using es- timates of the quantizer input rather than the modulator input. The adaptive modulator with a first-order noise shaping filter is shown to be bounded-input bounded-output stable. Moreover, an analytical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio is derived, and it is shown to be independent of the input signal strength. Simulation results confirm the signal-to-noise ratio performance and indicate considerable improvement in the dynamic range of the modulator compared to earlier structures.
Integrated Quadratic Reflectors for High-Performance Optical Interconnects (2020)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new photonics interconnect approach based on on-chip quadratic optical reflectors for interfacing a wide range of photonic devices. Here, we present its embodiments on compact waveguide bends and high performance fiber-to-chip optical couplers.
Chemoselective enrichment for natural products discovery (2011)

Natural products account for a significant proportion of modern day therapeutic agents. However, the discovery of novel compounds is hindered by the isolation process, which often relies upon extraction and chromatographic separation techniques. These methods, which are dependent upon the physicochemical properties of the compounds, have a limited ability to both purify and concentrate the minor components of a biological extract. We have devised an isolation strategy based upon an orthogonal chemical feature, namely, functional group composition. Development of a functional group-targeted method is expected to achieve exceptional resolution given the large number of distinct moieties present in natural product extracts. Here, we describe the generation of controllably reversible covalent enrichment tags for the chemoselective isolation of alcohol-containing natural products from complex mixtures.
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A of Invasive<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Isolates from Colombian Children (2001)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) elicits protection in mice against fatal bacteremia and sepsis caused by genetically diverse pneumococci and protects against carriage and lung infection. We determined the PspA families of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from Colombian children <5 years of age. That 97.5% of Colombian isolates belong to PspA families 1 and 2 supports the hypothesis that a human PspA vaccine covering a few PspA families could be broadly effective.
Follistatin-Like Protein 1 Promotes Arthritis by Up-Regulating IFN-γ (2009)

Follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL-1) is a poorly characterized protein that is up-regulated in the early stage of collagen-induced arthritis and that exacerbates arthritis when delivered by gene transfer. The current study was designed to determine the mechanism by which FSTL-1 promotes arthritis. FSTL-1 was injected into mouse paws, resulting in severe paw swelling associated with up-regulation of IFN-gamma transcript and the IFN-gamma-induced chemokine, CXCL10. Mice depleted of T cells were protected. A central role for IFN-gamma was confirmed by the finding that mice deficient in IFN-gamma failed to exhibit paw swelling in response to injection of FSTL-1. Furthermore, IFN-gamma secretion from mouse spleen cells exposed to a weak TCR signal was increased 5-fold in the presence of FSTL-1. FSTL-1 could be induced by innate immune signals, including TLR4 agonists and the arthritogenic cytokine, IL-1beta, via an NFkappaB pathway. Finally, FSTL-1 was found to be overexpressed in human arthritis and its neutralization inhibited murine collagen-induced arthritis and suppressed IFN-gamma and CXCL10 production in arthritic joints. These findings demonstrate that FSTL-1 plays a critical role in arthritis by enhancing IFN-gamma signaling pathways and suggest a mechanism by which FSTL-1 bridges innate and adaptive immune responses.