gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of wood-inhabiting fungi from Canadian hardwood logs (2005)

Wood-inhabiting fungi include many molds, wood-staining fungi, and decay fungi. Most of these fungal species can result in economic losses to wood users. Studies on molds, staining fungi, and decay fungi are necessary to be able to control their growth on wood and wood products. In this study, wood-inhabiting fungi were isolated from logs of 3 major Canadian hardwood species: sugar maple, white birch, and yellow birch. Two media were used for isolation. From these 3 wood species, a total of 1198 fungal cultures were obtained from summer- and winter-harvested logs in dry storage and under water sprinkling. The results showed that most fungal species were not host specific and affected all of the wood species tested. Frequently isolated molds were Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma species, and Mucor/Rhizopus (Zygomycota) species, frequently isolated staining fungi were Ophiostoma piceae and Ophiostoma piliferum, a frequently isolated bark saprophyte was Nectria cinnabarina, and frequently isolated decay fungi were taxa of the phylum Basidiomycota. More fungal species were isolated from summer-harvested logs than from winter-harvested logs. Fewer fungal cultures, especially decay fungi, were isolated from logs in early storage than from logs in late storage.
A Multilayered Coil Antenna for Ingestible Capsule: Near-Field Magnetic Induction Link (2013)

A compact multilayered stacked ingestible coil antenna is investigated for medical systems. The inductive link, comprising a 5-layer transmitter coil antenna and a 3-turn receiver spiral coil, is modeled through a tissue-simulating liquid modeling the human body. The diameter and the thickness of the transmitter coil are respectively equal to 1 cm and 5 mm, while the dimensions of the receiver coil are equal to 7 × 8 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The variations of the position and the orientation of the capsule antenna are taken into account to evaluate the coupling response between the two magnetically coupled coils. We found that the inductive link presents an attractive option for improving the lifetime of ingestible capsules.
Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study. (2014)

The inhibitory effect shown by alcoholic licorice root extract against S. mutans and L. acidophilus was superior when compared with that of aqueous form and CHX.
The representational base of consciousness (2006)

Current views of consciousness can be divided by whether the theorist accepts or rejects cognitivism about consciousness. Cognitivism as we understand it is the view that consciousness is just a form of representation or an information-processing property of a system that has representations or perhaps both. Anti-cognitivists deny this, appealing to
Migration time and distribution of porcine embryos in maternal uterus. (2011)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine migration time of porcine embryos and to investigate the effects of embryo number on migration and spacing of porcine embryos. [Method] Migration and spacing of embryos were observed in gilts with one occluded oviduct and in those with one ovary. Their uteri were observed on Day 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 of gestation, respectively. [Result] The embryos migrated from oviduct at one side to uterine horn at the other side. On Day 8 and 9, the embryos first migrated from one horn to the other horn. On Day 15, they could occupy the uterus completely. Migration rate and distribution of embryos were not affected by number of embryos, number of corpore lutea and uterine length. The uterine length was not different between on Day 6 and on Day 15. [Conclusion] The migration of porcine embryos occurs between Day 8 and Day 15 of pregnancy. Unilateral ovariotomy and ovariotomy do not affect embryonic growth and migration.
Promoting Atomically Dispersed MnN<sub>4</sub> Sites <i>via</i> Sulfur Doping for Oxygen Reduction: Unveiling Intrinsic Activity and Degradation in Fuel Cells (2021)

Carbon supported and nitrogen coordinated single Mn site (Mn-N-C) catalysts are the most desirable platinum group metal (PGM)-free cathode catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their insignificant Fenton reactions (<i>vs.</i> Fe), earth abundances (<i>vs.</i> Co), and encouraging activity and stability. However, current Mn-N-C catalysts suffer from high overpotential due to low intrinsic activity and less dense MnN<sub>4</sub> sites. Herein, we present a sulfur-doped Mn-N-C catalyst (Mn-N-C-S) synthesized through an effective adsorption-pyrolysis process. Using electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques, we verify the uniform dispersion of MnN<sub>4</sub> sites and confirm the effect of S doping on the Mn-N coordination. The Mn-N-C-S catalyst exhibits a favorable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in acidic media relative to the S-free Mn-N-C catalyst. The corresponding membrane electrode assembly (MEA) generates enhanced performance with a peak power density of 500 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> under a realistic H<sub>2</sub>/air environment. The constant voltage tests of fuel cells confirm the much-enhanced stability of the Mn-N-C-S catalyst compared to the Fe-N-C and Fe-N-C-S catalysts. The electron microscopy and Fourier transform XAS analyses provide insights into catalyst degradation associated with Mn oxidation and agglomeration. The theoretical calculation elucidates that the promoted ORR activity is mainly attributed to the spatial effect stemmed from the repulsive interaction between the ORR intermediates and adjacent S dopants.
Recognizing People by Their Gait : The Shape of Motion (1998)

&gt; y)). Scale-independent scalar features of each flow, based on moments of the moving point weighted by |u|, |v|,or|(u, v)|, characterize the spatial distribution of the flow. We then analyze the periodic structure of these sequences of scalars. The scalar sequences for an image sequence have the same fundamental period but differ in phase, which is a phase feature for each signal. Some phase features are consistent for one person and show significant statistical variation among persons. We use the phase feature vectors to recognize individuals by the shape of their motion. As few as three features out of the full set of twelve lead to excellent discrimination. Keywords: action recognition, gait recognition, motion features, optic flow, motion energy, spatial frequency, analysis Recognizing People by Their Gait: The Shape of Moti
A Novel Integration of Stereolithography and Inkjet Printing for Multichip Modules with High Frequency Packaging Applications (2018)

Within this paper methods of additive manufacturing for 3D circuitry is discussed. With increasing interest in the additive manufacturing of 3D circuits, varying topologies must be explored and tested to create frameworks for how to fabricate topologies with the wide design space that is introduced with additive manufacturing and 3D printing. After discussing current methods of additive manufacturing of electronics and the current limitations of different methodologies, several topologies are discussed for the inclusion of surface mount technology components with 3D printing using inkjet printing and stereolithography, including the use of inkjet printed adhesives for placement of components. Finally, a planar inverted-F antenna is integrated into the substrate, to create a complete system for a ZigBee multi-chip module utilizing additive manufacturing techniques.
Gradual degradation under RF overdrive of MESFETs and PHEMTs (2002)

This paper is based on a narrative summary and discussion of a number of referenced investigations concerning the gradual degradation under RF overdrive of MESFETs and PHEMTs. After introducing the background of the problem, its mechanism, models, analysis, as well as potential solutions are discussed.
Chronic low-grade inflammation and age-related sarcopenia (2011)

Associations between CLIP and sarcopenia are observed quite consistently and underlying mechanisms become apparent. Exercise remains the mainstay intervention to lower CLIP and counter sarcopenia. More research is warranted to unravel the exact dose-response relationship.
Suppression of Machine Tool Chatter Using a Viscoelastic Dynamic Damper (1987)

Optimization procedures to install a viscoelastic dynamic damper into a single degree of freedom primary system is briefly reviewed. Excitation methods are shown to identify elastic modulus and loss factor of a viscoelastic material at given prestrain, which are needed in the optimum design of the damper. An optimum-designed damper is attached on the toolpost of a lathe and its excellent chatter-suppressing effects are observed under six cutting conditions in terms of integrated power of the accelerations around the chatter frequency. Because one of the resonance frequencies responsible for the chatter varies depending upon the location of the carriage on the sliding surface, the prestrain of the viscoelastic element, which is initially optimum-tuned and damped at a location of the carriage, is readjusted for optimum tuning at the other locations. The effects of the readjustment are discussed in terms of the reduction of structural compliances and magnitudes of chatter vibrations.
Phytochemicals As Chemosensitizers: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Significance (2012)

This review provides an overview of the clinical relevance of chemosensitization, giving special reference to the phenolic phytochemicals, curcumin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, emodin, and resveratrol, which are potential candidates due to their ability to regulate multiple survival pathways without inducing toxicity. We also give a brief summary of all the clinical trials related to the important phytochemicals that emerge as chemosensitizers. The mode of action of these phytochemicals in regulating the key players of the death receptor pathway and multidrug resistance proteins is also abridged. Rigorous efforts in identifying novel chemosensitizers and unraveling their molecular mechanism have resulted in some of the promising candidates such as curcumin, genistein, and polyphenon E, which have gone into clinical trials. Even though considerable research has been conducted in identifying the salient molecular players either contributing to drug efflux or inhibiting DNA repair and apoptosis, both of which ultimately lead to the development of chemoresistance, the interdependence of the molecular pathways leading to chemoresistance is still the impeding factor in the success of chemotherapy. Even though clinical trials are going on to evaluate the chemosensitizing efficacy of phytochemicals such as curcumin, genistein, and polyphenon E, recent results indicate that more intense study is required to confirm their clinical efficacy. Current reports also warrant intense investigation about the use of more phytochemicals such as quercetin, emodin, and resveratrol as chemosensitizers, as all of them have been shown to modulate one or more of the key regulators of chemoresistance.
Sistan 600–1500 (2021)

Sistan is a region of eastern Iran bounded to the north by Khurasan and to the south by Baluchistan. Its eastern frontier borders Afghanistan. The origin of the name “Sakastan” reflects the occupation of this land by Indo‐European Scythian populations, the Saka, from the end of the first millennium bce . A border zone, where living conditions were difficult, Sistan recovered its earlier importance under the Saffarids, moving from being a peripheral and “unimportant” region to one which was the center of a vast emirate that competed with the Abbasids and Tahirids. The Tarikh‐e Sistan is the main historical source for this region, presenting its history from a local perspective.
Expression of perforin and granzyme B mRNA in judgement of immunosuppressive effect in rat liver transplantation (1999)

目的: 在肝 transplantation.METHODS 的尖锐拒绝判定免疫力的抑制的效果探索 perforin 和 granzyme B 基因 mRNAto 的表示：perforin 和 granzyme B 基因 mRNA 的表示被反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 在 cyclosporine 或 / 并且脾切除术的免疫力的抑制下面在仓鼠检验到老鼠肝接枝。组织检查所见是学习 comparatively.RESULTS : Cyclosporine 能显然减少细胞浸润，并且完全镇压为 perforin 和 granzyme B 的 mRNA 的表示，但是不能改变严重 hepatocyte 坏死和出血。脾切除术能显著地减轻 hepatocyte 坏死，并且完全消除出血，然而并非影响细胞浸润和 perforin 和 granzyme B 基因 mRNA 的表示。然而， Cyclosporine 或脾切除术不能独自延长生存时间他们的联合能完全镇压肝接枝的拒绝。动物的生存时间显著地被延长(37.1 天) 。肝的腹片的建筑学被保存。在门道有细微细胞浸润， perforin 和 granzyme B 基因 mRNA 的表示都不能在 transplantation.CONCLUSION 以后在三个星期内被看见: Perforin 和 granzyme B 基因在在肝移植判定免疫力的抑制的效果是珍贵的。
Identification and characterization of LRP8 (apoER2) in human blood platelets (1999)

Recently, we reported that apoE inhibits platelet reactivity by stimulating NO release and postulated apoE-receptor activation of intracellular NO synthase (eNOS). Here, we implicate a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) family member by studying ligand requirements using purified apoE isoforms, synthetic peptides, and the receptor antagonist, receptor-associated protein (RAP). Then, using a homology cloning approach and degenerate PCR primers to amplify the conserved Cys-rich binding domain of the LDL-R family, this receptor was identified as LRP8 (formerly termed, apoER2), a newly described brain protein with several splice variants. Immunoprecipitation of platelet membranes with anti-peptide antisera confirmed protein expression, while analysis of RNA from platelets and two megakaryocytic cell lines (Meg-01 and HEL) disclosed that the major LRP8 transcript lacked binding repeats 4-6 (LRP8delta4-6) but contained the full-length cytoplasmic tail. Sequence analysis of cytoplasmic LRP8 revealed several peptide motifs with potential for cellular signaling and we propose this as a rational mechanism through which apoE inhibits platelet aggregation.
An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum XVII. The Effect of the rb Locus Alone and in Combination with r on the Growth and Development of the Seed (1994)

Near-isogenic lines have been produced in pea to examine the effects of genes at the r and rb loci on the growth and development of the seed. The rb alleles were found to have an effect on the growth of the testa as well as on that of the embryo in contrast to those at the r locus which only affect the latter. The relationship between the fresh and dry weights of the embryos of rb isoline and the double mutant differed from that of the round-seeded wild-type line. Furthermore, for this relationship, the double mutant line very closely resembled the rr isoline.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press
STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY STUDIES OF PHOTOACTIVATED ANTIVIRAL AND CYTOTOXIC TRICYCLIC THIOPHENES (1992)

The photoactivated antiviral and cytotoxic activities of the naturally occurring thiophene, alpha-terthienyl (1), and 15 synthetic analogues were evaluated against murine cytomegalovirus and Sindbis virus, and murine mastocytoma cells. After irradiation with near UV light, alpha-terthienyl and most of its analogues had significant toxicity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.02-40 microM. In the absence of near UV irradiation, only one analogue had antiviral activity and five were cytotoxic. The most active analogues were those containing carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, or cyano substituents. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of thiophene phototoxicity suggested that the rate of singlet oxygen production is the primary determinant of antiviral and cytotoxic activities. For phototoxicity against murine cytomegalovirus, a significant role for hydrophobicity was also demonstrated. Tricyclic thiophenes show significant potential for photochemotherapy of viral infections and cancer, and further evaluation in animal models is recommended.
Analysis of LiDAR Data for Emergency Management and Disaster Response (2012)

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data demonstrate how derived horizontal and vertical coordinates of the ground and objects above the ground can be used to provide detailed information for improved emergency management and disaster response.
NMDA Receptor-dependent LTD in different subfields of hippocampus in vivo and in vitro (1996)

In simulations with artificial neural networks, efficient information processing and storage has been shown to require that the strength of connections between network elements has the capacity to both increase and decrease in a use-dependent manner. In contrast to long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synaptic transmission, activity-dependent long-term depression (LTD) has been difficult to demonstrate in forebrain in vivo. Theoretical arguments indicate that coincidence of presynaptic excitation and low-magnitude postsynaptic activation are the necessary prerequisites for LTD induction. Here we report that stimulation paradigms which cause 1) sufficient excitation to result in NMDA receptor activation and simultaneously 2) attenuate the level of postsynaptic activation by recruitment of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition consistently produce LTD of commissural input to area CA1 in the hippocampus of anesthetized adult rats, and of the perforant path input to the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus of anesthetized and unanesthetized adult rabbits. A functionally similar pre- and postsynaptic activation pattern applied to the hippocampal slice preparation by injecting hyperpolarizing current into the postsynaptic cell during NMDA receptor-mediated excitation also was effective in consistently inducing LTD. Results of studies in vitro show that Ca2+ influx through the NMDA channel is necessary for the induction of LTD, and moreover, that NMDA receptors also participate in the expression of LTD. Our findings demonstrate a general mechanism for the implementation of a theoretically derived learning rule in adult forebrain in vivo and in vitro and provide justification for the inclusion of use-dependent decreases of connection weights in formal models of cognitive processing.
Enhanced atrial peptide natriuresis during angiotensin and aldosterone blockade in dogs (1990)

The hypothesis that the weak natriuretic effect elicited by modest amounts of atrial peptide is mediated via the inhibition of renin and aldosterone was evaluated in the conscious dog. The formation of angiotensin II (ANG II) and the effects of aldosterone (Aldo) were blocked acutely by enalaprilat and canrenoate, respectively. Infusion of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) for 2 h at 25 ng.kg-1.min-1 increased plasma atrial peptide concentration 7- to 10-fold. In control experiments, i.e., experiments without ANG II-Aldo blockade, infusion of atrial peptide doubled urine volume (UV) from 0.21 +/- 0.01 to 0.43 +/- 0.09 ml/min and sodium excretion (UNaV) from 18 +/- 5 to 37 +/- 7 mueq/min; mean arterial blood pressure (AP) and atrial pressures decreased, whereas total peripheral resistance increased. The induction of ANG II-Aldo blockade elevated UNaV and UV 10- and 6-fold, respectively, and decreased AP. The subsequent 2-h infusion of atrial peptide elicited a further increase in UNaV (from 195 +/- 28 to 334 +/- 60 mueq/min); the hemodynamic changes were similar to those seen in the absence of ANG II-Aldo blockade, except that AP did not decrease significantly during the administration of atrial peptide. The data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the effects of converting enzyme and Aldo does not impede the natriuretic response elicited by a 7- to 10-fold increase in circulating atrial peptide; in fact, the magnitude of the natriuresis is markedly enhanced during this blockade.
Anthrylmethylamines and anthrylmethylazamacrocycles as fluorescent pH sensors—a systematic study of their static and dynamic properties (2002)

The pH dependent fluorescence of various 9-mono- and 9,10-disubstituded anthracenes is reported. They have a compartmental structure: fluorophore (anthracene)–spacer (methylene)–and ionophore (mono-, polyamines, azamacrocycles). In these n-basic anthrylmethylamines the fluorescence of anthracene is intramolecularly quenched by unprotonated amine groups. The pKA values have been evaluated by titration in order to calculate the amount (mole fraction) of each of the n + 1 differently charged species and their dependence on the pH. The fluorescence–pH profiles (intensities and lifetime versus pH) have been determined, and interpreted as the formation of differently protonated species with different fluorescence intensities and hence different fluorescence lifetimes. The experimentally determined fluorescence lifetime–pH profiles can be described by three lifetimes. This is corroborated by global analysis. The measurement of the fluorescence quantum yields of the completely protonated species yielded the radiative lifetimes. The rate constants and quantum yields of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) are calculated for the species with shorter lifetimes and hence smaller fluorescence intensities.
Endothelial glycocalyx degradation is more severe in patients with non-pulmonary sepsis compared to pulmonary sepsis and associates with risk of ARDS and other organ dysfunction (2017)

The extent of endothelial glycocalyx degradation is associated with non-pulmonary organ dysfunction in subjects with sepsis and is associated with ARDS but only in the subgroup with non-pulmonary sepsis. Measurement of syndecan-1 levels in sepsis patients might be useful for identifying patients at high risk of organ dysfunction and mortality as well as those who could benefit from therapies targeted at protecting or restoring the glycocalyx.
Measurement and Prediction of the Timbre of Sound Reproduction (1984)

On presente des modeles qui rendent possibles la prevision et la mesure du timbre produit par un systeme de reproduction du son
Regenerative medicine and developmental biology: The role of the extracellular matrix (2005)

The principles and ultimate goals of regenerative medicine and developmental biology involve a complex sequence of events, culminating in the formation of structurally and functionally normal tissues and organs. The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cellular migration and differentiation events. Mammalian ECM, derived from various tissues and organs, has been used as a biologic scaffold for therapeutic regenerative applications. Hundreds of thousands of human patients have benefited from the use of biologic scaffolds composed of naturally occurring ECM. The mechanisms by which ECM induces constructive remodeling instead of scar tissue formation are only beginning to be understood. This article reviews composition of mammalian ECM, its poorly understood role in developmental biology, and the clinical applications that have resulted from the use of this naturally occurring scaffold.
Neue Iridoide aus Oldenlandia Diffusa ROXB (1981)

Abstract Aus dem getrockneten Kraut von Oldenlandia diffusa ROXB. (= Hedyotis diffusa Willd., Rubiaceae) wurden neben Asperulosid (3) zwei neue Iridoide 1 und 2 isoliert und als 6‐Ester des Methylscandosids (10) mit trans ‐4‐Hydroxyzimtsäure bzw. trans ‐4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyzimtsäure identifiziert.