gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV NEUTRALIZATION ASSAY USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-DERIVED MOLECULAR SIGNALS (1992)

Characterization of the capacity of human polyclonal antibody to neutralize wild-type patient isolates has important implications for vaccine development. We report the development of a polymerase chain reaction-based neutralization assay that quantitatively measures each infection using HIV proviral formation. These molecular end points identified the absence or quantitative diminution of DNA provirus formation as well as a delay in the kinetics of HIV DNA provirus formation. Using both laboratory strain prototype isolates (HIV-1-MN, HIV-IIIb) and primary wild-type patients' isolates, neutralization end points were reproducibly determined. End points were reached within 72 h, thereby minimizing the impact of subsequent rounds of infection on interpretation of results. Although the neutralization titer of polyclonal sera was usually comparable using standard technology, this assay did find isolate-dependent variation in the relationship between p24 production and HIV proviral DNA formation. Finally, we noted the disparity between the ability of human sera to neutralize prototype and wild-type isolates in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cell targets. We believe this assay provides unique opportunities to characterize the initial events of virus-antibody interaction and will help to elucidate clinically relevant neutralization immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Incubation of water samples containing amoebae improves detection of legionellae by the culture method (1992)

Some protozoans isolated from aquatic habitats, including domestic water supplies, can support the intracellular replication of autochthonous legionellae in vitro. We studied the effect of incubating water samples containing amoebae on the sensitivity of culture for legionellae. Samples collected during investigations of legionellosis epidemics and shown by conventional culture procedures to contain amoebae, but not legionellae, were incubated at 35 degrees C and replated. Legionellae were recovered from 59 of 144 such samples. Species isolated included L. pneumophila, L. anisa, L. bozemanii, L. gormanii, L. micdadei, L. rubrilucens, L. sainthelensi, L. steigerwaltii, and an unnamed species. Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba hatchetti, a Rosculus sp., Hartmannella vermiformis, and Vahlkampfia spp. were among the autochthonous amoebae identified. Legionellae were recovered by this procedure from only 3 of 63 samples that were negative for amoebae by conventional culture procedures. These results show that water samples negative for legionellae, but positive for amoebae, by standard culture techniques should be incubated and replated to maximize the sensitivity of culture for legionellae.
Dramedy:<i>Moonlighting</i>as an emergent generic hybrid (1989)

This essay uses Altman's (1986) semantic/syntactic approach to genre study to analyze the fusion of semantic elements and syntactic relationships in the emerging genre dramedy, as illustrated by the television series Moonlighting. The essay argues that Moonlighting's use of the self‐reflexive technique of generic fusion reflects not only the way new genres like dramedy emerge but also the way that artistic texts emerge. The essay concludes by suggesting that the popular and critical acclaim over this popular hybrid signifies a change in the relationship between art and television, namely that television has come of age as an artistic medium.
Superstrong coherent multi-electron intense-field interaction (1994)

A direct comparison of the ionic levels observed in multiphoton-induced Xe(L) emission from Xe clusters with corresponding charge states experimentally produced with EBIT excitation confirms two new fundamental properties of the multiphoton interaction. They are (1) the dominant role of a coherent multi-electron mechanism in the excitation of the atoms in the cluster and (2) the collaterally imperative presence of channels of ionization involving multi-electron inner-shell ejection. Both characteristics arise because the coherent multi-electron motion induced by the external field simulates the behaviour of a light particle carrying a heavy charge, thereby transforming the fundamental coupling strength for the interaction of electrons with matter from the customary factor alpha ( approximately 1/137) to the strongly enhanced value Z2 alpha . The estimated number (Z) of electrons participating in the coherent multi-electron amplitude for excitation of the Xe(L) radiation (2-3 AA) is estimated to be Z approximately=26. Since Z2>102 can be practically attained for the majority of atoms, important general consequences follow for the production of new forms of highly energetic non-equilibrium states of matter.
Accessing Phonon Polaritons in Hyperbolic Crystals by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (2015)

Recently studied hyperbolic materials host unique phonon-polariton (PP) modes. The ultrashort wavelengths of these modes, as well as their low damping, hold promise for extreme subdiffraction nanophotonics schemes. Polar hyperbolic materials such as hexagonal boron nitride can be used to realize long-range coupling between PP modes and extraneous charge degrees of freedom. The latter, in turn, can be used to control and probe PP modes. Here we analyze coupling between PP modes and plasmons in an adjacent graphene sheet, which opens the door to accessing PP modes by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). A rich structure in the graphene ARPES spectrum due to PP modes is predicted, providing a new probe of PP modes and their coupling to graphene plasmons.
Reproducibility and Simplification of 13C-Octanoic Acid Breath Test for Gastric Emptying of Solids (1998)

The 13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying of solids is as reproducible as scintigraphy. A subset of 11 sampling times provides sufficient information to characterize the whole breath-test curve, but the sampling period should be extended to 6 h after dosing.
The use of K<sup>+</sup>-free buffers eliminates a common cause of premature chain termination in PCR and PCR sequencing (1995)

Journal Article The use of K + -free buffers eliminates a common cause of premature chain termination in PCR and PCR sequencing Get access K. Woodford, K. Woodford Section on Genomic Structure and Function, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney DiseasesBuilding 8, Room 202 , National Institutes of Health, 8 CENTER DR MSC 0830Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.N. Weitzmann, M.N. Weitzmann Section on Genomic Structure and Function, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney DiseasesBuilding 8, Room 202 , National Institutes of Health, 8 CENTER DR MSC 0830Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Usdin K. Usdin * Section on Genomic Structure and Function, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney DiseasesBuilding 8, Room 202 , National Institutes of Health, 8 CENTER DR MSC 0830Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 3, 11 February 1995, Page 539, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.3.539 Published: 11 February 1995 Article history Received: 19 October 1994 Revision received: 05 January 1995 Accepted: 05 January 1995 Published: 11 February 1995
Sensory Preference, Coating Evenness, Dustiness, and Transfer Efficiency of Electrostatically Coated Potato Chips (2003)

ABSTRACT Barbeque, sour cream and onion, salt and vinegar, nacho cheese, and salsa seasonings were applied to potato chips at 0 and 25 kV. Sensory evaluation determined that electrostatically coated chips had better coating uniformity and were significantly preferred to nonelectrostatically coated samples. Electrostatic coating was also more even as measured by colorimetry. Particle size and evenness of coating did not significantly affect perceived flavor intensity. Electrostatic coating significantly increased transfer efficiency and decreased dust over nonelectrostatic coating. Particle size and flowability can be used to predict transfer efficiency and dustiness. Chargeability was also important for electrostatic transfer efficiency. Particle size was the most important factor overall.
8–12 μm generation using difference frequency generation in AgGaSe2 of a Nd: YAG pumped KTP OPO (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Utano and M. J. Ferry, "8–12 μm generation using difference frequency generation in AgGaSe2 of a Nd: YAG pumped KTP OPO," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, C. Pollock and W. Bosenberg, eds., Vol. 10 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper PC11. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
THE CHEMISTRY OF ACENES AND HELICENES: WHAT CAN AROMATICITY TEACH US? (2008)

INTRODUCTION Acenes and helicenes are molecules comprised of fused benzene rings that differ only in their connectivity. However, this seemingly trivial difference imparts these two classes of molecules with very distinctive properties. Acenes are comprised of linearly fused benzene rings, such as naphthalene ([2]acene) and anthracene ([3]acene). Helicenes are ortho-fused aromatic rings that adopt a helical conformation to avoid the overlapping of the terminal rings. Interestingly, helicenes are more stable and persistent than acenes; the longest acene synthesized to date is heptacene ([7]acene), but the longest helicene synthesized to date is [14]helicene. Also, while acenes dimerize in solution and oxidize in the presence of dioxygen, helicenes do not undergo either reaction. The difference in thermodynamic stability and reactivity is believed to be due to their differences in aromaticity even though they are both fused benzene rings. Can the concept of aromaticity really be used to explain the difference between these two systems that have the same number of electrons? AROMATICITY The concept of aromaticity was first used to describe the additional 36 kcal/mol stability of benzene compared to the theoretical “1,3,5-cyclohexatriene” due to the delocalization of the πelectrons. Many attempts were then made to expand this concept to larger cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatics, and even three-dimensional aromatics such as fullerenes. However, for such a fundamental concept, aromaticity is difficult to define precisely. Huckel [4n+2] Rule The Huckel [4n+2] rule is based on Huckel Molecular Orbital theory which predicts three occupied orbitals where the top two are degenerate for benzene. The lowest orbital is occupied by two πelections while the next highest level contains two pairs of electrons. The four electrons in the higher orbital would represent the “4n” in the equation and the two electrons in the lowest orbital are the “+2” electrons. This theory measured extra stabilization energy due to the delocalization of the electrons. Huckel expanded the benzene system and predicted that all planar, cyclic molecules with [4n+2] πelections would observe similar stabilization effects and therefore be aromatic. Although the Huckel [4n+2] rule was fundamental for understanding the aromaticity of benzene, it is valid only for monocyclic conjugated systems. Many attempts have been made to extend the rule to polycyclic aromatic systems.
Robust production of recombinant phosphoproteins using cell-free protein synthesis (2015)

Understanding the functional and structural consequences of site-specific protein phosphorylation has remained limited by our inability to produce phosphoproteins at high yields. Here we address this limitation by developing a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform that employs crude extracts from a genomically recoded strain of Escherichia coli for site-specific, co-translational incorporation of phosphoserine into proteins. We apply this system to the robust production of up to milligram quantities of human MEK1 kinase. Then, we recapitulate a physiological signalling cascade in vitro to evaluate the contributions of site-specific phosphorylation of mono- and doubly phosphorylated forms on MEK1 activity. We discover that only one phosphorylation event is necessary and sufficient for MEK1 activity. Our work sets the stage for using CFPS as a rapid high-throughput technology platform for direct expression of programmable phosphoproteins containing multiple phosphorylated residues. This work will facilitate study of phosphorylation-dependent structure-function relationships, kinase signalling networks and kinase inhibitor drugs.
Hippo pathway deletion in adult resting cardiac fibroblasts initiates a cell state transition with spontaneous and self-sustaining fibrosis (2019)

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) respond to injury by transitioning through multiple cell states, including resting CFs, activated CFs, and myofibroblasts. We report here that Hippo signaling cell-autonomously regulates CF fate transitions and proliferation, and non-cell-autonomously regulates both myeloid and CF activation in the heart. Conditional deletion of Hippo pathway kinases, <i>Lats1</i> and <i>Lats2</i>, in uninjured CFs initiated a self-perpetuating fibrotic response in the adult heart that was exacerbated by myocardial infarction (MI). Single cell transcriptomics showed that uninjured <i>Lats1/2</i> mutant CFs spontaneously transitioned to a myofibroblast cell state. Through gene regulatory network reconstruction, we found that Hippo-deficient myofibroblasts deployed a network of transcriptional regulators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) consistent with elevated secretory activity. We observed an expansion of myeloid cell heterogeneity in uninjured <i>Lats1/2</i> CKO hearts with similarity to cells recovered from control hearts post-MI. Integrated genome-wide analysis of Yap chromatin occupancy revealed that Yap directly activates myofibroblast cell identity genes, the proto-oncogene <i>Myc</i>, and an array of genes encoding pro-inflammatory factors through enhancer-promoter looping. Our data indicate that Lats1/2 maintain the resting CF cell state through restricting the Yap-induced injury response.
Improving CSMA/CA network performance under hidden collision (2016)

Abstract Dynamic spectrum access policy allows a secondary user (SU) to access a primary user (PU) channel when it is idle. However, the idle state may result from the PU's silent activities, which can be wrongly perceived as an opportunity for the SU to access the channel and lead to “hidden collision” when it effectively tries to access the channel under this condition. At best of our knowledge, this issue has yet to be addressed in the literature. In this paper, we will first define a three‐state model that describes hidden collision conditions, then propose a probabilistic model in which a transient state is added to force the SU to wait a certain period of time before accessing the channel, thereby translating into better protection for the PU. Based on this model and using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance protocol, we will evaluate the PU's and SU's throughput and delay with and without transient state as well as the gain in using our approach. Our computation results show a substantial improvement of the PU's throughput from 19.6 to 61.1%.
The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Chilean Subjects Reveals a High Abundance of the Phylum Verrucomicrobia (2017)

The gut microbiota is currently recognized as an important factor regulating the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and influencing the energetic metabolism of the host as well as its immune and central nervous systems. Determining the gut microbiota composition of healthy subjects is therefore necessary to establish a baseline allowing the detection of microbiota alterations in pathologic conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota of healthy Chilean subjects using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal samples were collected from 41 young, asymptomatic, normal weight volunteers (age: 25 ± 4 years; ♀:48.8%; BMI: 22.5 ± 1.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) with low levels of plasma (IL6 and hsCRP) and colonic (fecal calprotectin) inflammatory markers. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of bacterial DNA was amplified and sequenced using MiSeq Illumina system. 109,180 ± 13,148 sequences/sample were obtained, with an α-diversity of 3.86 ± 0.37. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes (43.6 ± 9.2%) and Bacteroidetes (41.6 ± 13.1%), followed by Verrucomicrobia (8.5 ± 10.4%), Proteobacteria (2.8 ± 4.8%), Actinobacteria (1.8 ± 3.9%) and Euryarchaeota (1.4 ± 2.7%). The core microbiota representing the genera present in all the subjects included <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i> (phylum Bacteroidetes), <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Lachnospira</i>, <i>Oscillospira</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Dorea</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Coprococcus</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> (phylum Firmicutes), <i>Akkermansia</i> (phylum Verrucomicrobia), and <i>Collinsella</i> (phylum Actinobacteria). Butyrate-producing genera including <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Coprococcus</i>, and <i>Oscillospira</i> were detected. The family Methanobacteriaceae was reported in 83% of the subjects and <i>Desulfovibrio</i>, the most representative sulfate-reducing genus, in 76%. The microbiota of the Chilean individuals significantly differed from those of Papua New Guinea and the Matses ethnic group and was closer to that of the Argentinians and sub-populations from the United States. Interestingly, the microbiota of the Chilean subjects stands out for its richness in Verrucomicrobia; the mucus-degrading bacterium <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> is the only identified member of this phylum. This is an important finding considering that this microorganism has been recently proposed as a hallmark of healthy gut due to its anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties and its ability to improve gut barrier function, insulin sensitivity and endotoxinemia. These results constitute an important baseline that will facilitate the characterization of dysbiosis in the main diseases affecting the Chilean population.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Treatment for Dentinal Hypersensitivity (1980)

The effectiveness of potassium nitrate (5%, delivered in a low abrasive toothpaste vehicle) as a daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated in a 4-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative study of 27 subjects with the condition. Hypersensitivity levels in affected teeth were assessed by two quantifying methods--electrical stimulus and cold air stimulus--and by a subjective recall procedure. The results from these three methods of assessment indicate that potassium nitrate desensitizes hypersensitive teeth to a significant degree. The therapeutic response (decline in dentinal hypersensitivity) to potassium nitrate was evident within 1 week and increased continuously for the length of the study period. Sensitivity threshold of teeth adjudged to be normally sensitive were not altered by treatment with potassium nitrate, nor did the agent exert any discernable effects on oral tissues.
Engaging Amateurs in the Design, Fabrication, and Assembly of Electronic Devices (2016)

This paper explores personal fabrication as a means of engaging new audiences in the creation of electronic devices, which play an ever-increasing role in our lives but which most people have little involvement in creating. We describe a six-session workshop in which eight participants made wifi-connected devices through the design and fabrication of custom printed circuit boards. We explore the implications of using components and processes analogous to those in commercial products, as opposed to the limited set of higher-level building blocks found in toolkits for hobbyist electronics. We highlight unique advantages and challenges of a personal fabrication approach. We explore the role of attitudes in identifying a suitable audience for these activities. We discuss insights into commercial electronic products offered by personal fabrication and explore its role in a world of mass-produced electronic devices. Finally, we suggest opportunities for future tools and technologies.
Let‐7c inhibits A549 cell proliferation through oncogenic TRIB2 related factors (2013)

MicroRNAs have tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of let-7c in suppressing lung cancer cell proliferation. First, let-7c was revealed to be able to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation significantly. TRIB2 was further demonstrated to be a novel target and negatively regulated by let-7c. As downstream signals of TRIB2, the activities of C/EBP-α and phosphorylated p38MAPK were increased obviously in let-7c-treated cells compared with controls. Our results demonstrate that, through regulating the expression of TRIB2 and its downstream factors, let-7c can effectively inhibit A549 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
Shielded‐coaxial‐cable coils as receive and transceive array elements for 7T human MRI (2019)

Arrays constructed from SCC elements are mechanically flexible and much less sensitive to changes of the coil shape from circular to elongated than arrays constructed from conventional loop coils, which makes them suitable for construction of size adjustable arrays.
New concepts in respiratory chain diseases. (1992)

Recent advances in mitochondrial cytopathies are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to diseases related to mitochondrial DNA mutations, a field now encompassing myopathic and encephalopathic syndromes, some more common degenerative disorders, and certain aspects of the aging process. Diseases caused by defective oxidative energy generation now have an important place in human pathology.
Periodic signaling scheme in oblivious data hiding (2002)

In the oblivious watermarking, information is extracted without reference to the original host signal, whose energy is much larger than that of the watermark signal. Suppressing host noise is a great concern. Some non-linear embedding methods, e.g. quantization index modulation (QIM) can greatly suppress the host noise. In this method, the signaling is periodic. We analyze the maximum likelihood (ML) detector for the QIM signaling scheme, and compare the error probability with a hard decision detector. Based on it, a new periodic signaling scheme is proposed and its optimum and suboptimal detection is derived. Through analysis and simulation, we demonstrate its advantage in term of PE-SNR over the existing methods.
P2X<sub>3</sub> receptors and peripheral pain mechanisms (2004)

ATP released from damaged or inflamed tissues can act at P2X receptors expressed on primary afferent neurones. The resulting depolarization can initiate action potentials that are interpreted centrally as pain. P2X(3) subunits are found in a subset of small-diameter, primary afferent neurones, some of which are also sensitive to capsaicin. They can form homo-oligomeric channels, or they can assemble with P2X(2) subunits into hetero-oligomers. Studies with antagonists selective for P2X(3)-containing receptors, experiments with antisense oligonucleotides to reduce P2X(3) subunit levels, and behavioural testing of P2X(3) knock-out mice, all suggest a role for the P2X(2/3) receptor in the signalling of chronic inflammatory pain and some features of neuropathic pain. The availability of such tools and experimental approaches promises to accelerate our understanding of the other physiological roles for P2X receptors on primary afferent neurones.