gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equalization of IM3 Products in Wideband Direct-Conversion Receivers (2008)

The wideband direct-conversion receiver architecture is proposed in this paper. In order to provide a quantitative design objective, the UMTS standard is targeted. The single-ended-to-differential conversion previously handled by an inter-stage SAW filter is now performed by a balun. The balun is followed by high-P2 MP mixers driven by Cherry-Hooper LO buffers. The MP BB filter is an active-RC 3 rd-order Chebyshev architecture that drives an 8b pipelined ADC with fs=50 MHz. The AP is a scaled-down version of the MP, with the primary difference being the inclusion of an IM3 generator. As scaling reduces the breakdown voltage of CMOS devices and as system integration trends demand the further elimination of off- chip components, there arises a great need to improve the linearity of RF receivers.
Vapour Phase Preservation of Wood (1990)

About 400 000 m3 wood are treated each year in New Zealand with boron salts to prevent borer infestation. Traditionally this treatment is effected by dipping the freshly sawn wood into a solution of boron salts and then stacking the wood while the salts diffuse through it. For 50-mm-thick timber the diffusion process takes from 5 to 8 weeks. The Forest Research Institute has developed a new technique whereby boron treatment is carried out in the gas phase and full impregnation is achieved within seconds. This process is carried out in a pressure vessel which acts as a kiln, preservation vessel, and steam conditioning chamber. The wood is high-temperature dried to a low moisture content, exposed to a vapourised organoborate, and then steamed. Total time in the vessel is about 30 hours and the resulting benefits include product diversification, faster stock turnover, and the ability to respond to short-term demand.
Abstract 16222: Abnormal Repolarization and Increased Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Rat Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2016)

Introduction: Unlike heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, where numerous pharmacological and device options are available, no treatments have been proven to be effective in heart fail...
Upf1p Control of Nonsense mRNA Translation Is Regulated by Nmd2p and Upf3p (2000)

Upf1p, Nmd2p, and Upf3p regulate the degradation of yeast mRNAs that contain premature translation termination codons. These proteins also appear to regulate the fidelity of termination, allowing translational suppression in their absence. Here, we have devised a novel quantitative assay for translational suppression, based on a nonsense allele of the CAN1 gene (can1-100), and used it to determine the regulatory roles of the UPF/NMD gene products. Deletion of UPF1, NMD2, or UPF3 stabilized the can1-100 transcript and promoted can1-100 nonsense suppression. Changes in mRNA levels were not the basis of suppression, however, since deletion of DCP1 or XRN1 or high-copy-number can1-100 expression in wild-type cells caused an increase in mRNA abundance similar to that obtained in upf/nmd cells but did not result in comparable suppression. can1-100 suppression was highest in cells harboring a deletion of UPF1, and overexpression of UPF1 in cells with individual or multiple upf/nmd mutations lowered the level of nonsense suppression without affecting the abundance of the can1-100 mRNA. Our findings indicate that Nmd2p and Upf3p regulate Upf1p activity and that Upf1p plays a critical role in promoting termination fidelity that is independent of its role in regulating mRNA decay. Consistent with these relationships, Upf1p, Nmd2p, and Upf3p were shown to be present at 1, 600, 160, and 80 molecules per cell, levels that underscored the importance of Upf1p but minimized the likelihood that these proteins were associated with all ribosomes or that they functioned as a stoichiometric complex.
Applying ranking SVM in query relaxation (2007)

We propose an approach QRRS (Query Relaxative Ranking SVM) that divides a ranking function into different relaxation steps, so that only cheap features are used in Ranking SVM of early steps for query efficiency. We show search quality in the approach is improved compared to conventional Ranking SVM.
Differential Expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in Human, Rat, and Mouse Pancreatic Islets (1993)

The smaller form of the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65 (formerly the 64,000 M(r) autoantigen), is a major target of humoral autoimmunity in type I diabetes. Human autoantisera have been used extensively to characterize the GAD65 antigen in both rat and human islets, but the protein has escaped detection in mouse islets. We have now analyzed the expression of GAD65 and GAD67, the larger glutamic acid decarboxylase protein, in human, rat, and mouse islets of Langerhans and brain, using human monoclonal islet cell autoantibodies, human autoantisera, and experimentally raised antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Human monoclonal autoantibodies and experimentally raised antibodies reacted with mouse GAD65 produced in a baculovirus expression system by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation and with GAD65 in mouse brain by immunohistochemistry but failed to detect GAD65 in mouse islets by the latter two methods. However, analysis of mouse islets by Western blotting technique, using the most sensitive experimentally raised antibody, showed that mouse islets express both GAD65 and GAD67 but at levels that are severalfold lower than those in mouse brain or in human and rat islets. Furthermore, both human and rat islets predominantly express GAD65, whereas GAD67 is the major glutamic acid decarboxylase protein in mouse islets. Human islets are significantly distinct from mouse and rat islets and from brain because they only express GAD65, which is consistent with the predominant role of this form as a target of autoantibodies associated with beta-cell destruction in humans. Human as well as rat islet GAD65 are found in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. The low level of glutamic acid decarboxylase expression in mouse islets compared with human and rat islets is likely to have implications for both the development of tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase as well as the homing of glutamic acid decarboxylase-specific lymphocytes to the mouse beta-cell. In this context, the results suggest 1) that the mouse is ideal for studies of the consequences of an expression of high levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the beta-cell from a transgene and 2) that the rat may be better suited than the mouse for development of nontransgenic animal models of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity by immunization.
Imaging Properties of the Schwarzschild Soft-X-ray Microscopes (1993)

Abstract The imaging properties of the soft-X-ray microscopes composed of a Schwarzschild objective and a grazing incidence mirror condenser are discussed. Fundamental formulae on the partially coherent transfer function, the resolution of a two-point object and the edge response have been derived by consideration of the optical properties of an object in soft-X-ray regions. Then these imaging properties for the microscopes are investigated with the formulae and compared with those for a normal circular pupil system.
An all-optical implementation of a 3-D crossover switching network (1990)

One of the more promising interconnection schemes proposed for use in photonic switching networks is the crossover interconnection network; however, reported implementations of the crossover have been limited in size and complexity. A large-scale cascadable implementation of the optical crossover network that capitalizes on planar symmetric self electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) arrays is discussed. A fully functional experimental prototype with 32 inputs and 32 outputs that was operated at a maximum rate of 55.7 kb/s is also discussed. It is also shown that S-SEED arrays can be operated as simple two-input two-output nodes (called 2-modules) within a controllable network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Additive Manufacturing of Biomechanically Tailored Meshes for Compliant Wearable and Implantable Devices (2019)

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) of medical devices such as orthopedic implants and hearing aids is highly attractive because of the potential of AM to match the complex form and mechanics of individual human bodies. Externally worn and implantable tissue‐support devices, such as ankle or knee braces, and hernia repair mesh, offer a new opportunity for AM to mimic tissue‐like mechanics and improve both patient outcomes and comfort. Here, it is demonstrated how explicit programming of the toolpath in an extrusion AM process can enable new, flexible mesh materials having digitally tailored mechanical properties and geometry. Meshes are fabricated by extrusion of thermoplastics, optionally with continuous fiber reinforcement, using a continuous toolpath that tailors the elasticity of unit cells of the mesh via incorporation of slack and modulation of filament–filament bonding. It is shown how the tensile mesh mechanics can be engineered to match the nonlinear response of muscle. An ankle brace with directionally specific inversion stiffness arising from embedded mesh is validated, and further concepts for 3D mesh devices are prototyped.
Target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated noise waveform (2009)

This work investigates the plausibility of target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) noise waveform conglomerate. The results were generated from simulation and demonstrated that the proposed transmit waveform structure possesses the ability to successfully mask any "chirp-like" characteristic making recognition and/or corruption by unintended 2nd-party passive receivers virtually impossible. Due to the fact that the pulsed LFM noise transmit signal was digitally stored as a reference, we were able to employ classical correlation mixing techniques that enabled the target detection approach to successfully resolve targets at range in the presence of interference. In addition, the process of using various binary random signal modulation schemes for the purpose of masking conventional pulsed radar waveform is also investigated. This work describes research involving target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform modulated by various discrete random signals. The results include a measure of correlation assessing the effectiveness of the various random signal modulators, Monte Carlo simulations identifying the loss introduced by the random signal modulators during the transmit process, matched filter receiver analysis analytically comparing the probability of detection performance when the random signal modulators are considered, and ambiguity functions to assess the uncertainty of the transmit waveform as a function of Doppler and time.
Practical and General Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Ketones from Internal Olefins (2013)

Make it simple! A convenient and general palladium-catalyzed oxidation of internal olefins to ketones is reported. The transformation occurs at room temperature and shows wide substrate scope. Applications to the oxidation of seed-oil derivatives and a bioactive natural product (see scheme) are described, as well as intriguing mechanistic features. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tunable whispering gallery modes for spectroscopy and CQED experiments (2001)

We have tuned the whispering gallery modes of a fused silica micro- resonator over nearly 1 nm at 800 nm, i.e.over half of a free spectral range or the equivalent of 10^6 linewidths of the resonator.This has been achieved by a new method based on the stretching of a two-stem microsphere.The devices described below will permit new Cavity-QED experiments with this ultra high .nesse optical resonator when it is desirable to optimise its coupling to emitters with given transition frequencies. The tuning capability demonstrated is compatible with both UHV and low temperature operation which should be useful for future experiments with laser cooled atoms or single quantum dots.A general overview of the current state of the art in microspheres is given as well as a more general introduction.
X-Ray Laser Microscopy (1989)

This paper describes work at Princeton on X-ray laser microscopy. Related to this work is a new system for the development of an X-ray laser in the wavelength region from 5 nm to 1 nm utilizing a Powerful Sub-Picosecond Laser (PP-Laser) of expected peak power up to 0.5 TW in a 300 fs pulse. Soft X-ray spectra generated by the interaction of the PP-Laser beam with different targets are presented and compared to the spectra generated by a much less intense laser beam (20-30 GW). The development of additional amplifiers for the recombining soft X-ray laser and the design of a cavity are presented from the point of view of applications for X-ray microscopy and microlithography.
SHALE: An Efficient Algorithm for Allocation of Guaranteed Display Advertising (2012)

Motivated by the problem of optimizing allocation in guaranteed display advertising, we develop an efficient, lightweight method of generating a compact {\em allocation plan} that can be used to guide ad server decisions. The plan itself uses just O(1) state per guaranteed contract, is robust to noise, and allows us to serve (provably) nearly optimally. The optimization method we develop is scalable, with a small in-memory footprint, and working in linear time per iteration. It is also "stop-anytime", meaning that time-critical applications can stop early and still get a good serving solution. Thus, it is particularly useful for optimizing the large problems arising in the context of display advertising. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm using actual Yahoo! data.
<title>Relation of electro-optical characteristics to materials properties and morphology in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal holographic gratings</title> (1997)

Switchable holograms in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are now being considered for a variety of applications in which transmission loss, cross-talk, and on/off dynamic range are important issues, particularly as devices are stacked in tandem. Switching voltage and speed also remain as important considerations. All of these characteristics are related to the properties of materials comprising the switchable grating as well as the microscopic morphology. In this paper we explore these material-structure-property relations and examine trade-offs in device parameters. It appears that low optical scattering and wide dynamic range approximately 40 dB are achievable while retaining microsecond switching times. Further reductions in switching voltage will require research in the interfacial anchoring and order parameter of the liquid crystal droplets.
Field technology for desulfurization of associated petroleum gas (2011)

Applicability of gas desulfurization technologies for sulfur-containing gases under conditions of the limited choice is analyzed. Data on efficiency of a new process for catalytic desulfurization of sulfur-containing gases through H2S and RSH conversion in sulfur and disulfides, respectively, is demonstrated. The technology is approved in pilot projects of gas desulfurization at a flare line, on a gas-processing plant. The equipment is developed and certificated. Installations for catalytic desulfurization are intended to be equipped with a complete set of blocks for gas preparation and power-generating equipment directly at deposits. This solution substantially decreases both capital and operational expenditures compared to the traditional multi-stage absorption/desorption technologies such as expensive Claus process.
Acyltransferases And Uses Thereof In Fatty Acid Production (Patent US 2013/0097733 A1) (2013)

The present invention relates to the recombinant manufacture of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, it relates to acyltransferase polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding said acyltransferases as well as vectors, host cells, non-human transgenic organisms containing said polynucletides. Moreover, the present invention contemplates methods for the manufacture of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as oils obtained by such methods.
Coffee roasting acoustics (2014)

Cracking sounds emitted by coffee beans during the roasting process were recorded and analyzed to investigate the potential of using the sounds as the basis for an automated roast monitoring technique. Three parameters were found that could be exploited. Near the end of the roasting process, sounds known as "first crack" exhibit a higher acoustic amplitude than sounds emitted later, known as "second crack." First crack emits more low frequency energy than second crack. Finally, the rate of cracks appearing in the second crack chorus is higher than the rate in the first crack chorus.
HTS rf SQUIDs with fully integrated planar tank circuits (1997)

For the optimization of the operation of rf-SQUIDs, a high pumping frequency f/sub 0/ and a high quality factor Q of the tank circuit are desirable. For this purpose we used a washer rf SQUID or a current-injection loop SQUID integrated with a modified planar hairpin resonator around the SQUID. On LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates, we measured f/sub 0/ at resonance in the range of about 550 MHz to 1.1 GHz and unloaded quality factors Q/sub 0/ from 4000 to about 6000 using several layouts with different diameters. We found that the coupling coefficient k between the SQUID and the resonator can be estimated from the geometrical parameters of the layout. The requirement k/sup 2/Q>1 can easily be met with our design. Our layouts are very flexible, as they make possible the implementation of various single and multilayer antennas. Using a single layer flux transformer, 13 mm in outer diameter, together with a SQUID in the flip chip technique, we obtained a white flux noise of 50 fT//spl radic/Hz for a 150 pH SQUID.
The role of nonlinear gradients in parallel imaging: A k‐space based analysis (2012)

Sequences that encode the spatial information of an object using nonlinear gradient fields are a new frontier in MRI, with potential to provide lower peripheral nerve stimulation, windowed fields of view, tailored spatially-varying resolution, curved slices that mirror physiological geometry, and, most importantly, very fast parallel imaging with multichannel coils. The acceleration for multichannel images is generally explained by the fact that curvilinear gradient isocontours better complement the azimuthal spatial encoding provided by typical receiver arrays. However, the details of this complementarity have been more difficult to specify. We present a simple and intuitive framework for describing the mechanics of image formation with nonlinear gradients, and we use this framework to review some the main classes of nonlinear encoding schemes.
Application of Cross-Linked Polyborosiloxanes and Organically Modified Boron Silicate Binders in Silicon-Containing Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

To determine the effect of cross-linking in polymer binders on gravimetric capacity and retention in charge/discharge cycling of lithium-ion batteries containing silicon anodes, polymers with a varied chemiophysical characters have been studied as electrode binders. Here we report the utilization of cross-linked polyborosiloxanes and a boron-modified organosilicate as binders for nanoparticulate silicon-containing anodes for lithium-ion batteries. We show that highly cross-linked binders enable a large degree of capacity to be accessed and that capacity retention is greater when the electrodes are cycled in half cells. More extensive analysis of the boron-modified organosilicate is further explored.
Test and Design-for-Testability Solutions for Monolithic 3D Integrated Circuits (2019)

M3D integration can result in reduced area and higher performance when compared to 3D die stacking. Due to the benefits of M3D integration, there is growing interest in industry towards the adoption of this technology. However, test challenges for M3D integration have remained largely unexplored. We present three key test challenges for M3D integration: (i) performance variations due to high-density integration, (ii) defect analysis and modeling, and (iii) defect isolation and yield enhancement. For each test challenge, we motivate the need to study its impact on an M3D IC, analyze the effectiveness of existing test solutions, and propose new solutions.
Rotating magnetic tensor gradiometry and a superconducting implementation (2009)

This work describes the theoretical basis for a new concept rotating magnetic tensor gradiometer. The rotating gradiometer consists of an approximately axial or transverse gradiometer which is made to rotate about a perpendicular axis so that the direction of sensitivity is continually changing. It is demonstrated for the first time that the rotation separates gradient components of progressively higher-order in the frequency domain and enables absolute-value measurements of all components of the first-order magnetic gradient tensor, even if the magnetic sensors comprising the gradiometer are intrinsically incapable of absolute-value detection. In addition, the rotating gradiometer concept has a number of other advantages: the gradiometer imbalance is no longer directly determined by the engineering precision, the DC and low-frequency performance of the instrument is not limited by the performance of the detectors in these respects, rotation at frequencies above the 1/f noise corner of the sensors increases the sensitivity of the instrument, 'cross-talk' between adjacent gradiometers is minimized and, for applications on a moving platform, the design and construction of vibration isolation systems is simplified. Some aspects of the implementation of the concept, with superconducting technology, are also considered.
TripEnergy: Estimating Personal Vehicle Energy Consumption Given Limited Travel Survey Data (2017)

Estimating personal vehicle energy consumption is important for nationwide climate policy, local and statewide environmental policy, and technology planning. Transportation energy use is complex, depending on vehicle performance and the driving behavior of individuals, as well as on travel patterns of cities and regions. Previous studies combine large samples of travel behavior with fixed estimates of per mile fuel economy or use detailed models of vehicles with limited samples of travel behavior. This paper presents a model for estimating privately operated vehicle energy consumption—TripEnergy—that accurately reconstructs detailed driving behavior across the United States and simulates vehicle performance for different driving conditions. The accuracy of this reconstruction was tested by using out-of-sample predictions, and the vehicle model was tested against microsimulation. TripEnergy consists of a demand model, linking GPS drive cycles to travel survey trips, and a vehicle model, efficiently simulating energy consumption across different types of driving. Because of its ability to link small-scale variation in vehicle technology and driver behavior with large-scale variation in travel patterns, it is expected to be useful for a variety of applications, including technology assessment, cost and energy savings from ecodriving, and the integration of electric vehicle technologies into the grid.