gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Three-Dimensional Motility in Dehydrated Airway Mucus Prevents Neutrophil Capture and Killing Bacteria on Airway Epithelial Surfaces (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent lung infection. Thickened (concentrated) mucus in the CF lung impairs airway mucus clearance, which initiates bacterial infection. However, airways have other mechanisms to prevent bacterial infection, including neutrophil-mediated killing. Therefore, we examined whether neutrophil motility and bacterial capture and killing functions are impaired in thickened mucus. Mucus of three concentrations, representative of the range of normal (1.5 and 2.5% dry weight) and CF-like thickened (6.5%) mucus, was obtained from well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cultures and prepared for three-dimensional studies of neutrophil migration. Neutrophil chemotaxis in the direction of gravity was optimal in 1.5% mucus, whereas 2.5% mucus best supported neutrophil chemotaxis against gravity. Lateral chemokinetic movement was fastest on airway epithelial surfaces covered with 1.5% mucus. In contrast, neutrophils exhibited little motility in any direction in thickened (6.5%) mucus. In in vivo models of airway mucus plugs, neutrophil migration was inhibited by thickened mucus (CF model) but not by normal concentrations of mucus ("normal" model). Paralleling the decreased neutrophil motility in thickened mucus, bacterial capture and killing capacity were decreased in CF-like thickened mucus. Similar results with each mucus concentration were obtained with mucus from CF cultures, indicating that inhibition of neutrophil functions was mucus concentration dependent not CF source dependent. We conclude that concentrated ("thick") mucus inhibits neutrophil migration and killing and is a key component in the failure of defense against chronic airways infection in CF.
Adjuvant L-arginine treatment for in-vitro fertilization in poor responder patients (1999)

The objective of the present study was prospectively and randomly to evaluate the role of L-arginine in improving uterine and follicular Doppler flow and in improving ovarian response to gonadotrophin in poor responder women. A total of 34 patients undergoing assisted reproduction was divided in two groups according to different ovarian stimulation protocols: (i) flare-up gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) plus elevated pure follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) (n = 17); and (ii) flare-up GnRHa plus elevated pFSH plus oral L-arginine (n = 17). During the ovarian stimulation regimen, the patients were submitted to hormonal (oestradiol and growth hormone), ultrasonographic (follicular number and diameter, endometrial thickness) and Doppler (uterine and perifollicular arteries) evaluations. Furthermore, the plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of arginine, citrulline, nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were assayed. All 34 patients completed the study. In the L-arginine treated group a lower cancellation rate, an increased number of oocytes collected, and embryos transferred were observed. In the same group, increased plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of arginine, citrulline, NO2-/NO3-, and IGF-1 was observed. Significant Doppler flow improvement was obtained in the L-arginine supplemented group. Three pregnancies were registered in these patients. No pregnancies were observed in the other group. It was concluded that oral L-arginine supplementation in poor responder patients may improve ovarian response, endometrial receptivity and pregnancy rate.
A Configuration Distribution System for Heterogeneous Networks (1998)

This article presents a configuration distribution system that assists system administrators with the tasks of host and service installation, configuration and crash recovery on large and heterogeneous networks. The objective of this article is twofold. First, to introduce the system’s modular architecture. Second, to describe the platform independent protocol designed to support fast and reliable configuration propagation.
Real-time network simulation support for scalable routing experiments (2009)

This paper describes a new software infrastructure that combines the scalability and flexibility benefits of real-time network simulation with the realism of open-source routing protocol implementations. The infrastructure seamlessly integrates the open-source XORP router implementation with a real-time large-scale network simulation engine. The design uses a novel forwarding plane offloading approach that decouples routing from forwarding and confines the more resource consuming forwarding operations inside the simulation engine to reduce I/O overhead. Experiments demonstrate superior performance of the software routing infrastructure without impairing accuracy. The infrastructure is shown to be able to support large-scale routing experiments on light-weight virtual machines.
Deep learning-based unlearning of dataset bias for MRI harmonisation and confound removal (2020)

Increasingly large MRI neuroimaging datasets are becoming available, including many highly multi-site multi-scanner datasets. Combining the data from the different scanners is vital for increased statistical power; however, this leads to an increase in variance due to nonbiological factors such as the differences in acquisition protocols and hardware, which can mask signals of interest. We propose a deep learning based training scheme, inspired by domain adaptation techniques, which uses an iterative update approach to aim to create scanner-invariant features while simultaneously maintaining performance on the main task of interest, thus reducing the influence of scanner on network predictions. We demonstrate the framework for regression, classification and segmentation tasks with two different network architectures. We show that not only can the framework harmonise many-site datasets but it can also adapt to many data scenarios, including biased datasets and limited training labels. Finally, we show that the framework can be extended for the removal of other known confounds in addition to scanner. The overall framework is therefore flexible and should be applicable to a wide range of neuroimaging studies.
Real-time high-resolution absolute distance measurement by two-wavelength interferometry using superheterodyne detection (1998)

A new method of high-resolution two-wavelength interferometry was proposed for real-time and absolute measurement of micron-order distance or step-shapes in the depth. Simultaneous phase measurement of synthetic wavelength and one of two wavelengths was executed to measure the distance in the range of synthetic wavelength with interferometric resolution. A heterodyne light source constructed of two longitudinal modes was also proposed. The intermode beat of two modes was used as heterodyne career. Experiments were done with He-Ne lasers of 633 nm and 544/612 nm to measure 3 - 18 micrometers range.
Enhanced gravimetric CO<sub>2</sub> capacity and viscosity for ionic liquids with cyanopyrrolide anion (2015)

Ionic Liquids (ILs) are considered as alternative solvents for the separation of CO 2 from flue gas due mainly to their CO 2 affinity and thermal stability. The cation architecture in a matrix of ammonium and mostly phosphonium‐based ILs with 2‐cyanopyrrolide as the anion to evaluate its impact on gravimetric CO 2 absorption capacity, viscosity, and thermal stability and the three fundamental properties vital for application realization are systematically investigated. Among the investigated ILs, [P2,2,2,8][2‐CNpyr] demonstrated the lowest viscosity, 95 cP at 40°C, and highest CO 2 uptake, 114 mg CO 2 per g IL at 40°C. Combined effects of asymmetry and the optimized chain lengths also resulted in improved thermal stability for [P2,2,2,8][2‐CNpyr], with a mass loss rate of 1.35 × 10 −6 g h −1 (0.0067 mass % h −1 ) at 80°C. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2280–2285, 2015
A Semantic Web Service Based Approach for Augmented Provenance (2006)

Provenance is becoming increasingly important in service-oriented distributed computing environments in which services are dynamically discovered and composed into workflows for problem solving, and disbanded later. This paper proposes a semantic Web service (SWS) based approach to creating and exploiting rich provenance data - the so-called augmented provenance. Augmented provenance enhances conventional provenance data with extensive metadata and semantics, enabling large scale sharing and deep reuse. We present a general architecture for the approach and discuss mechanisms for modelling, capturing, recording and querying provenance data. The approach has been applied to a real world application in which tools and GUIs are developed to facilitate provenance management. Application experiences are discussed
Differential activity of recombinant colony‐stimulating factors in supporting proliferation of human peripheral blood and bone marrow myeloid progenitors in culture (1989)

Unlike bone marrow progenitor cells, human myeloid progenitors isolated from peripheral blood do not form colonies in semi-solid medium in the presence of rhG-CSF, rhM-CSF or rhIL-6, but do form colonies containing neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils or mixed neutrophilic-macrophages colonies in the presence of rhIL-3 or rhGM-CSF. Priming of blood progenitors by culturing them for several days in the presence of rhGM-CSF resulted in a dramatic increase in the frequency of cells that proliferate in response to G-CSF and IL-6 and form neutrophilic granulocytic colonies. Suspension cultures maintained in the presence of IL-3 yielded increased numbers of clonogenic cells responsive to GM-CSF and G-CSF, but not to M-CSF or IL-6. rhIL-6 did not directly stimulate colony formation of peripheral blood progenitors but did prime them to respond to G-CSF. These results are consistent with a hierarchical model of granulocytic differentiation in which circulating progenitors proceed sequentially through a programme of changing growth factor sensitivity with the following sequence: IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-6 and/or G-CSF.
High-Integration Micromotor Using Electro-Conjugate Fluid (ECF) (2005)

Electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a dielectric fluid, that produces a powerful jet flow (ECF jet) when high DC voltage is applied between electrodes inserted in the fluid, realizing a new simplified, lightweight micromotor. We previously developed a disk-plate type ECF micromotor with inner diameter of 9mm. Here we discuss a high-integration ECF micromotor with an inner diameter of 5mm to improve output power density, designing and fabricating ECF micromotors with 4-layer and 8-layer disk-plate rotors, then measured motor performance. Experimental results confirm motors had higher power density than previous ECF micromotors, with output power density 2.3 times higher than previous.
Modeling the behavior of web crawlers on a web resource (2020)

Abstract In this paper, we present a study of web-crawlers behavior depending on the web resource. We provide a simulation model of web-crawler which is necessary for web robots detection techniques and dataset generation for methods based on machine learning. We analyze differences of behavior among humans, common crawlers, malicious crawlers and demonstrate that their models can be used for behavior analysis. We show that malicious crawlers behave similar to common crawlers and their behavior can be simulated to obtain necessary datasets and traffic patterns for the further detection and protection against unethical crawling. Our results and observations can be used as a basis of comprehensive intrusion detection and prevention system development.
Photochrome-coupled metal complexes: molecular processing of photon stimuli (2008)

The frontiers of novel photoresponsive materials constructed with photochromes and transition metal complexes are surveyed in this review. Strategies to develop new photofunctions are categorized into four types. In the first category, intramolecular electronic interactions between photochromes and metal complexes produce entangled responses such as redox-regulated photochromic reactions or tristable photochromism. In the second, light-induced molecular structural rearrangements of photochromes induce the transformation of flexible and labile coordination structures, which can be applied to complex photomechanics or photoelectron conversion. In the third, the photochromic moiety also acts as a photonic switch, transmitting a metal-metal interaction when it is located between two metal complex moieties. The last category concerns the development of new photochromic reactions, involving metal-ligand bond rearrangements. These reactions potentially induce drastic electronic tuning of the metal center, and can be used to develop light-driven molecular machines.
Skin Prick Testing and the Use of Histamine References (1984)

The skin prick test is a fundamental test in biological allergen standardization and in evaluation of changes in skin sensitivity due to treatment. The allergen concentration eliciting a wheal equal to that produced by histamine 1 mg/ml is generally accepted as the skin sensitivity. Using a standardized quantitative skin prick test, 25 mould allergic patients were tested with quadruplicate determinations of five 10-fold allergen concentrations of highly purified and standardized extracts. Histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml were used as positive references. The 10-fold increase of histamine resulted in a doubling of the histamine reaction and increased the mean wheal diameter from 4 to 7 mm. The correlation between skin sensitivity estimated by histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml is significant, but with a dissociation between the two ways of estimating the sensitivity of 0.25 log step in the low sensitivity range and 1.8 log step in the high sensitivity range (the difference at median sensitivity is 1 log step). No correlation was found between histamine- and allergen-induced wheal area increase, and the discrepancy might be caused by a difference in the endogenous histamine release and/or difference in the number of histamine receptors at different degrees of sensitivity. With the use of median values it is possible to perform biological standardization with histamine 10 mg/ml and interpolate to histamine 1 mg/ml. However, the response in individual patients varies, and because of the small wheal area and the low reproducibility with histamine 1 mg/ml we recommend the exchange of histamine 1 mg/ml to histamine 10 mg/ml as an international positive reference.
Assessment of Radiation doses of Staff of Nuclear Medicine Unit at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital (2015)

The paper presents the assessment of radiation doses of staff in the Nuclear Medicine Unit of Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital. The doses received by staff are compared with the dose limits recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Doses of occupational workers in the Nuclear Medicine unit were monitored for a period of 5 months. Personal radiation doses were determined using two chip LiF TLD-100 dosimeter badges. The TLD badges and reader were calibrated using a standard 90-Strontium radiation source. The mean monthly effective radiation doses for the staff ranged from 0.78± 0.05mSv/month for nursing officers to 0.08± 0.05mSv/month for the nuclear medicine physician. These mean monthly effective radiation doses were projected to the annual effective radiation doses received by staff. The mean annual radiation doses were, 9.29±0.60mSv/yr for Nursing Officers, 2.79± 0.60mSv/yr for Medical Physicist and Radiographer, 6.46 ±0.60 mSv/yr for Radioimmunoassay Technologists, 1.71 ± 0.60 mSv/yr for Nuclear Medicine Technologist and 0.91±0.60 mSv/y for Nuclear Medicine Physician. The results of this study show that effective radiation doses received by the Nuclear Medicine staff of Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital are within the recommended dose limits for occupational workers. Key words: Effective Radiation Doses, Dose Limits, Occupational Worker, Thermoluminescent Dosimeter.
Pea proteins: Variation, composition, genetics, and functional properties (2021)

Abstract Background and objectives Field pea is a leading crop for plant‐based protein. Expanded market demand may necessitate targeted breeding and a deeper understanding of the level of variation and the factors affecting pea protein content, composition, and functionality. Findings Pea protein content varies from 13% to 38% and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Protein‐regulating genes per se directly and genes involved in starch biosynthesis indirectly play key roles in determining pea protein content and composition. Protein content is often negatively correlated with starch content and seed yield. A thorough analysis of the potential variation in the functional properties of pea protein is needed. Conclusions Since multiple genes and environmental variables influence pea protein, critical designing of a breeding scheme is essential to improve pea for protein isolation. The economics of protein isolation necessitates a high value for the starch‐rich by‐product. Improving protein and starch contents together may be complicated due to a negative association between these two traits. Two strategies to improve pea seed quality may be suggested: improving protein and starch together, or targeting varieties for specific end‐uses. Large‐scale evaluation of the functional properties of protein in broader germplasm and the inclusion of molecular breeding approaches are also relevant. Significance and novelty The variation in pea protein content, composition, and functional properties as well as the contributing environmental and genetic factors are discussed in this study. The review also explores the influence of starch biosynthesis genes in pea protein composition and provides a brief overview of protein fractionation methods. Research needs and breeding strategies are suggested for improving pea protein.
Experimental Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Indoor Channels at 15 GHz (2015)

The indoor radio channels at 15 GHz are investigated based on measurements. The large- and small-scale fading behaviors as well as the delay dispersion characteristics are discussed. It is found that the large-scale fading, Ricean<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-factor, and delay spread can be described by log-normal distributions. Furthermore, both autocorrelation and cross correlation properties of the above parameters are analyzed and modeled. These parameters characterize fading and delay behaviors as well as their mutual dependency and can be used as empirical values for future wireless system design and simulation in 15 GHz short-range indoor channels.
R 2 (1988)

Richard Roll, R2, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 43, No. 3, Papers and Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Finance Association, Chicago, Illinois, December 28-30, 1987 (Jul., 1988), pp. 541-566
Evidence for a Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus, Antigenically Similar to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus, in the United States (1990)

A respiratory variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), designated PRCV-Ind/89, was isolated from a swine breeding stock herd in Indiana. The virus was readily isolated from nasal swabs of pigs of different ages and induced cytopathology on primary porcine kidney cells and and on a swine testicular (ST) cell line. An 8-week-old pig infected oral/nasally with the respiratory variant and a contact pig showed no signs of respiratory or enteric disease. These pigs did not shed virus in feces but did shed the agent from the upper respiratory tract for approximately 2 weeks. Baby pigs from 2 separate litters (2 and 3 days old) also showed no clinical signs following oral/nasal inoculation with PRCV-Ind/89. In a third litter, 5 of 7 piglets (5 days old) infected either oral/nasally or by stomach tube developed a transient mild diarrhea with villous atrophy. However, virus was not isolated from rectal swabs or ileal homogenates of these piglets, and viral antigen was not detected in the ileum by fluorescent antibody staining even though the virus was easily recovered from nasal swabs and lung tissue homogenates. Swine antisera produced against PRCV-Ind/89 or enteric TGEV cross-neutralized either virus. In addition, an anti-peplomer monoclonal antibody, 4F6, that neutralizes TGEV also neutralized the PRCV-Ind/89 isolate. Radioimmunoassays with a panel of monoclonal antibodies indicated that the Indiana respiratory variant and the European PRCV are antigenically similar.
Convergence of broadcasting and communication in home network using an EPON-based home gateway and overlay (2005)

Home network systems including a home gateway are expected to facilitate the convergence of broadcasting and communication services to complement the ubiquitous computing and services. We focus on supporting the convergence of broadcasting and communication in home network systems with an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON)-based home gateway. We propose a new architecture that integrates broadcasting and data services in a home network. For this architecture, we use an overlay transport mechanism in access network and IP multicast techniques of the Internet group management protocol (IGMP) and IGMP snooping in a home network. We also detail a set of mechanisms and procedures for a home broadcasting service through the home gateway system. Our new scheme is composed of three parts: a) an overlay transmission model of video broadcasting signals (satellite and/or cable TV) and Internet data, b) to select a specific video broadcasting channel and video broadcasting stream into IP multicast packets in tuner/conversion module using multiple tuner system and c) to transfer the converted IP multicast packets to L2 switch of home gateway's core module and to send them out to target port(s) by L2 multicast using IGMP snooping.
Two Active Molecular Phenotypes of the Tachykinin NK1 Receptor Revealed by G-protein Fusions and Mutagenesis (2001)

The NK1 neurokinin receptor presents two non-ideal binding phenomena, two-component binding curves for all agonists and significant differences between agonist affinity determined by homologous versus heterologous competition binding. Whole cell binding with fusion proteins constructed between either Galpha(s) or Galpha(q) and the NK1 receptor with a truncated tail, which secured non-promiscuous G-protein interaction, demonstrated monocomponent agonist binding closely corresponding to either of the two affinity states found in the wild-type receptor. High affinity binding of both substance P and neurokinin A was observed in the tail-truncated Galpha(s) fusion construct, whereas the lower affinity component was displayed by the tail-truncated Galpha(q) fusion. The elusive difference between the affinity determined in heterologous versus homologous binding assays for substance P and especially for neurokinin A was eliminated in the G-protein fusions. An NK1 receptor mutant with a single substitution at the extracellular end of TM-III-(F111S), which totally uncoupled the receptor from Galpha(s) signaling, showed binding properties that were monocomponent and otherwise very similar to those observed in the tail-truncated Galpha(q) fusion construct. Thus, the heterogenous pharmacological phenotype displayed by the NK1 receptor is a reflection of the occurrence of two active conformations or molecular phenotypes representing complexes with the Galpha(s) and Galpha(q) species, respectively. We propose that these molecular forms do not interchange readily, conceivably because of the occurrence of microdomains or "signal-transductosomes" within the cell membrane.