gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving joint position estimation of Kinect using anthropometric constraint based adaptive Kalman filter for rehabilitation (2017)

The role of Microsoft Kinect in rehabilitation and clinical assessments of elderly and stroke patients is growing due to its affordability and unobtrusiveness in assessing human body joint kinematics. However, Kinect data is highly contaminated by noise due to the nature of the structured light based system. The noise characteristics vary for static and dynamic joints effecting the anthropometric measurement of the body segments connecting any two joints. Here, we use Kalman filter to track the body joints and to denoise the unwanted joint vibrations. Initially, the process noise of Kalman filter is chosen based on minimization of standard deviation of the position of static joints and the latency (delay) in velocity adaptation for dynamic joints. Further, the measurement noise is dynamically adapted based on the velocity of the joints. Additionally, a differential evolutionary based constraint is applied to minimize the variation in the estimated body segment length. The proposed method outperforms the existing techniques like low pass filtering, exponential and double exponential filtering methods in both static and dynamic conditions. Experimental results for Kinect Xbox 360 show atleast 52% and 32% improvement in standard deviation of bone length, associated with joints under motion, for 26 healthy subjects for range of motion (ROM) and single limb standing respectively. We found 40% improvement in deviation of bone length, when tested on 10 stroke patient's data. We also tested our algorithm on healthy population for ROM exercises in Kinect Xbox One and achieved an average improvement of 34% in variation in bone length.
Graphene nanosheet-sandwiched platinum nanoparticles deposited on a graphite pencil electrode as an ultrasensitive sensor for dopamine (2022)

An ultra-sensitive sensor of dopamine is introduced. The sensor is constructed by encapsulating platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) between reduced graphene oxide (GR) nanosheets. The sandwiched PtNPs between GR layers acted as a spacer to prevent aggregation and provided a fine connection between the GR nanosheets to provide fast charge transfer. This specific orientation of the GR nanosheets and PtNPs on the graphite pencil electrode (GPE) substantially improved the electrocatalytic activity of the sensor. The synthesized graphene oxide and the fabricated sensor were comprehensively characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The value of the charge transfer coefficient (<i>α</i>), apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (<i>k</i> <sub>s</sub>), and electroactive surface area for dopamine were found to be about 0.57, 8.99 s<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.81 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The developed sensor is highly sensitive towards dopamine, and the detection limit is 9.0 nM. The sensor response is linear for dopamine concentration from 0.06 to 20 μM (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.9991). The behavior of the sensor for dopamine in the presence of a high concentration of l(+) Ascorbic acid and other potential interferents was satisfactory. High recovery percentage between 90% and 105% in the human urine sample, good reproducibility, and facile fabrication of the electrode make it a good candidate for dopamine sensing.
Reversal of Alzheimer's-like pathology and behavior in human APP transgenic mice by mutation of Asp664 (2006)

The deficits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are believed to result, at least in part, from the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid peptides, a set of 39-43 amino acid fragments derived proteolytically from beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP also is cleaved intracytoplasmically at Asp-664 to generate a second cytotoxic peptide, APP-C31, but whether this C-terminal processing of APP plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD is unknown. Therefore, we compared elements of the Alzheimer's phenotype in transgenic mice modeling AD with vs. without a functional Asp-664 caspase cleavage site. Surprisingly, whereas beta-amyloid production and plaque formation were unaltered, synaptic loss, astrogliosis, dentate gyral atrophy, increased neuronal precursor proliferation, and behavioral abnormalities were completely prevented by a mutation at Asp-664. These results suggest that Asp-664 plays a critical role in the generation of Alzheimer-related pathophysiological and behavioral changes in human APP transgenic mice, possibly as a cleavage site or via protein-protein interactions.
Laryngeal Mask Airway Used as a Delivery Conduit for the Administration of Surfactant to Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2005)

The LMA may be a useful and noninvasive conduit for the administration of surfactant therapy. A large randomized comparative clinical trial will be required to confirm the efficacy of this technique.
Lunar habitat concept employing the Space Shuttle external tank (1990)

The space shuttle external tank, which consists of a liquid oxygen tank, an intertank structure, and a liquid hydrogen tank, is an expendable structure used for approximately 8.5 min during each launch. A concept for outfitting the liquid oxygen tank-intertank unit for a 12-person lunar habitat is described. The concept utilizes existing structures and openings for both man and equipment access without compromising the structural integrity of the tank. Living quarters, instrumentation, environmental control and life support, thermal control, and propulsion systems are installed at Space Station Freedom. The unmanned habitat is then transported to low lunar orbit and autonomously soft landed on the lunar surface. Design studies indicate that this concept is feasible by the year 2000 with concurrent development of a space transfer vehicle and manned cargo lander for crew changeover and resupply.
Recent Clinical Evidence for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: What we have Learned (2011)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic arthritis affecting growing numbers of the ageing population. Patients diagnosed with OA place a large burden on access to healthcare services, including primary care, prescription of analgesic drugs, physiotherapy and joint replacement surgery. Not all patients diagnosed with OA will require joint replacement surgery, and therefore avenues for non-surgical treatment for such patients need to be explored in many cases. In this review we discuss current concepts underlying the pathophysiology of OA. These form a basis to understanding the rationale for new and existing therapies based on recent evidence available from clinical studies and trials in OA. In particular, we discuss the evidence for use of pharmacological treatments, including NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine, hyaluronan, potential disease-modifying drugs and other interventions such as weight reduction and physiotherapy. Finally, we discuss new developments from clinical evidence for surgical options, including ACL repair surgery and joint replacement surgery.
Metal-Containing Polymers Synthesized <i>via</i> Acyclic Diene Metathesis:  Polycarbostannanes (1997)

Polycarbostannanes have been successfully synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis chemistry utilizing both a well-defined molybdenum akylidene and an aryloxo tungsten "classical" catalyst system. In the case of the well-defined catalyst, the polymerization proceeds smoothly to produce linear polymer which is characterized by proton, carbon, and tin NMR. Molecular weights of about 16 000 g/mol can be produced. The production of a polycarbostannane via classical metathesis chemistry is just as facile, producing molecular weights comparable to the well-defined system, and in this case, the monomer performs as both the monomer and the cocatalyst species.
Large Scale Distributed Acoustic Modeling With Back-Off ${\rm N}$-Grams (2013)

The paper revives an older approach to acoustic modeling that borrows from n-gram language modeling in an attempt to scale up both the amount of training data and model size (as measured by the number of parameters in the model), to approximately 100 times larger than current sizes used in automatic speech recognition. In such a data-rich setting, we can expand the phonetic context significantly beyond triphones, as well as increase the number of Gaussian mixture components for the context-dependent states that allow it. We have experimented with contexts that span seven or more context-independent phones, and up to 620 mixture components per state. Dealing with unseen phonetic contexts is accomplished using the familiar back-off technique used in language modeling due to implementation simplicity. The back-off acoustic model is estimated, stored and served using MapReduce distributed computing infrastructure. Speech recognition experiments are carried out in an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm N}$</tex></formula> -best list rescoring framework for Google Voice Search. Training big models on large amounts of data proves to be an effective way to increase the accuracy of a state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition system. We use 87 000 hours of training data (speech along with transcription) obtained by filtering utterances in Voice Search logs on automatic speech recognition confidence. Models ranging in size between 20–40 million Gaussians are estimated using maximum likelihood training. They achieve relative reductions in word-error-rate of 11% and 6% when combined with first-pass models trained using maximum likelihood, and boosted maximum mutual information, respectively. Increasing the context size beyond five phones (quinphones) does not help.
Energy Calibration of a Silicon-Strip Detector for Photon-Counting Spectral CT by Direct Usage of the X-ray Tube Spectrum (2015)

The variation among energy thresholds in a multibin detector for photon-counting spectral CT can lead to ring artefacts in the reconstructed images. Calibration of the energy thresholds can be used to achieve homogeneous threshold settings or to develop compensation methods to reduce the artefacts. We have developed an energy-calibration method for the different comparator thresholds employed in a photon-counting silicon-strip detector. In our case, this corresponds to specifying the linear relation between the threshold positions in units of mV and the actual deposited photon energies in units of keV. This relation is determined by gain and offset values that differ for different detector channels due to variations in the manufacturing process. Typically, the calibration is accomplished by correlating the peak positions of obtained pulse-height spectra to known photon energies, e.g. with the aid of mono-energetic x rays from synchrotron radiation, radioactive isotopes or fluorescence materials. Instead of mono-energetic x rays, the calibration method presented in this paper makes use of a broad x-ray spectrum provided by commercial x-ray tubes. Gain and offset as the calibration parameters are obtained by a regression analysis that adjusts a simulated spectrum of deposited energies to a measured pulse-height spectrum. Besides the basic photon interactions such as Rayleigh scattering, Compton scattering and photo-electric absorption, the simulation takes into account the effect of pulse pileup, charge sharing and the electronic noise of the detector channels. We verify the method for different detector channels with the aid of a table-top setup, where we find the uncertainty of the keV-value of a calibrated threshold to be between 0.1 and 0.2 keV.
Safety of carbamazepine extended-release capsules used in combination with other psychotropic medications for the treatment of bipolar I disorder. (2008)

CBZ-ERC appears to be safe and effective for use in combination with atypical antipsychotics and lithium for treatment of bipolar I disorder.
Cloning human telomeric DNA fragments into Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast-artificial-chromosome vector. (1989)

Telomeric fragments of human DNA ranging in size from 50 to 250 kilobases were cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast-artificial-chromosome (YAC) vector. Six human-telomeric YAC (HTY) strains were selected by virtue of the specific hybridization of their DNA with the human telomeric terminal-repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n, and the telomeric localization of this sequence within each YAC was demonstrated by its sensitivity to nuclease BAL-31. In situ hybridization of DNA from three of these HTY strains with human metaphase chromosomes yielded discrete patterns of hybridization signals at the telomeres of a limited number of human chromosomes, different for each clone. DNA from selected cosmid subclones of one of the HTY strains was used to localize the origin of the cloned telomeric DNA by in situ hybridization to the tip of the long arm of chromosome 7.
Improved H.264/AVC coding using texture analysis and synthesis (2004)

We assume that the textures in a video scene is classified into two categories: textures with unimportant subjective details and the remainder. We utilize this assumption for improved video coding using a texture analyzer and a texture synthesizer. The texture analyzer identifies the texture regions with unimportant subjective details and generates coarse masks as well as side information for the texture synthesizer at the decoder side. The texture synthesizer replaces the identified textures by inserting synthetic textures for the identified regions. The texture analyzer is based on MPEG-7 descriptors. Our approach is integrated into an H.264/AVC codec. Bit-rate savings up to 19.4% are shown for a semi-automatic texture analyzer given similar subjective quality as the H.264/AVC codec without the presented approach.
A 6 to 11 GHz all-optical image rejection microwave downconverter (2002)

An all-optical image-rejection downconverter capable of downconverting 6-11 GHz RF signals into an IF band from 2 to 3 GHz is presented. RF signals received by the system are used to generate new optical wavelengths. These new wavelengths are filtered and used to downconvert the RF signals into the IF band through heterodyne detection. The system exhibited better than 20 dB of image rejection over its bandwidth and the spurious signals were more than 40 dB below the downconverted signal power.
Cell Penetration Profiling Using the Chloroalkane Penetration Assay (2018)

Biotherapeutics are a promising class of molecules in drug discovery, but they are often limited to extracellular targets due to their poor cell penetration. High-throughput cell penetration assays are required for the optimization of biotherapeutics for enhanced cell penetration. We developed a HaloTag-based assay called the chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA), which is quantitative, high-throughput, and compartment-specific. We demonstrate the ability of CAPA to profile extent of cytosolic penetration with respect to concentration, presence of serum, temperature, and time. We also used CAPA to investigate structure-penetration relationships for bioactive stapled peptides and peptides fused to cell-penetrating sequences. CAPA is not only limited to measuring cytosolic penetration. Using a cell line where HaloTag is localized to the nucleus, we show quantitative measurement of nuclear penetration. Going forward, CAPA will be a valuable method for measuring and optimizing the cell penetration of biotherapeutics.
Adapting a synonym database to specific domains (2000)

This paper describes a method for adapting a general purpose synonym database, like WordNet, to a specific domain, where only a subset of the synonymy relations defined in the general database hold. The method adopts an eliminative approach, based on incrementally pruning the original database. The method is based on a preliminary manual pruning phase and an algorithm for automatically pruning the database. This method has been implemented and used for an Information Retrieval system in the aviation domain.
Combined SP-A-bleomycin effect on cytokines by THP-1 cells: impact of surfactant lipids on this effect (2002)

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a role in host defense and inflammation in the lung. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that SP-A is involved in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We studied the effects of human SP-A on bleomycin-induced cytokine production and mRNA expression in THP-1 macrophage-like cells and obtained the following results. 1) Bleomycin-treated THP-1 cells increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-1beta production in dose- and time-dependent patterns, as we have observed with SP-A. TNF-alpha levels were unaffected by treatment with cytosine arabinoside. 2) The combined bleomycin-SP-A effect on cytokine production is additive by RNase protection assay and synergistic by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 3) Although the bleomycin effect on cytokine production was not significantly affected by the presence of surfactant lipid, the additive and synergistic effect of SP-A-bleomycin on cytokine production was significantly reduced. We speculate that the elevated cytokine levels resulting from the bleomycin-SP-A synergism are responsible for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and that surfactant lipids can help ameliorate pulmonary complications observed during bleomycin chemotherapy.
Design and analysis of annular photonic crystal and Bragg resonators by coupled waves approach (2004)

This study proposes and analyzes a new type of disk/ring resonator based on radial Bragg/photonic crystal reflectors. This work also proposes and demonstrates a novel analytic design approach for such resonators which is based on coupled wave formalism.
Increased activity of antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone substituted at positions 8, 9, and 10 (2004)

Antagonists of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGHRH) with increased potency and improved enzymatic and chemical stability are needed for potential clinical applications. We synthesized 21 antagonistic analogs of hGHRH(1-29)NH(2), substituted at positions 8, 9, and 10 of the common core sequence [phenylacetyl-Tyr(1), d-Arg(2,28), para-chloro-phenylalanine 6, Arg(9)/homoarginine 9, Tyr(10)/O-methyltyrosine 10, alpha-aminobutyric acid 15, norleucine 27, Har(29)] hGHRH(1-29)NH(2). Inhibitory effects on hGHRH-induced GH release were evaluated in vitro in a superfused rat pituitary system, as well as in vivo after i.v. injection into rats. The binding affinities of the peptides to pituitary GHRH receptors were also determined. Introduction of para-amidinophenylalanine 10 yielded antagonists JV-1-62 and -63 with the highest activities in vitro and lowest receptor dissociation constants (K(i) = 0.057-0.062 nM). Antagonists JV-1-62 and -63 also exhibited the strongest effect in vivo, significantly (P < 0.05-0.001) inhibiting hGHRH-induced GH release for at least 1 h. Para-aminophenylalanine 10 and O-ethyltyrosine 10 substitutions yielded antagonists potent in vitro, but His(10), 3,3'-diphenylalanine 10, 2-naphthylalanine 10, and cyclohexylalanine 10 modifications were detrimental. Antagonists containing citrulline 9 (in MZ-J-7-72), amidinophenylalanine 9 (in JV-1-65), His(9), d-Arg(9), citrulline 8, Ala(8), d-Ala(8), or alpha-aminobutyric acid 8 substituents also had high activity and receptor affinity in vitro. However, in vitro potencies of analogs with substitution in position 9 correlated poorly with acute endocrine effects in vivo, as exemplified by the weak and/or short inhibitory actions of antagonists JV-1-65 and MZ-J-7-72 on GH release in vivo. Nevertheless, antagonist JV-1-65 was more potent than JV-1-63 in tests on inhibition of the growth of human prostatic and lung cancer lines xenografted into nude mice. This indicates that oncological activity may be based on several mechanisms. hGHRH antagonists with improved efficacy could be useful for treatment of cancers that depend on insulin-like growth factors or GHRH.
An Automated Score of Quality of Colonoscopy that Reflects the Entire Procedure (2011)

Purpose: The low protective effect of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer as reported in recent studies has emphasized the need for tools that measure quality of colonoscopy. Several manual parameters related to quality are being used (cecal intubation, withdrawal time, adenoma detection) but each has limited value and does not really reflect what was done during the actual procedure. Aim: To develop an automated score of quality of colonoscopy that reflects the entire procedure. Methods: All routine endoscopy rooms at our institution are equipped with automated, de-identified video file capture workstations; real-time software determines when an instrument enters a patient and records a colonoscopy video file (CVF) of each procedure at 30 frames/sec. Manual annotation software was developed that allowed scoring for percent of mucosa visualized (0-100), debris removal (0-10) and lumen distension (0-10). A high quality colonoscopy was defined as a CVF with an average manual score > 7.5 for (0.1Xmucosa visualized+debris removal+lumen distension)/3 (“gold standard”). An automated pipeline of algorithms determining among others clear or blurry frames, remaining stool, circumferential withdrawal (spiral score) and withdrawal time was used to obtain automated features; one frame per second was analyzed. Using manual scores as gold standard and automated features as variables a model was developed that estimated the probability that a colonoscopy was of high quality. Results: 217 CVF (58 Fujinon, 159 Olympus) were manually annotated and analyzed by an automated pipeline of quality-related algorithms. 93 CVF met the definition of high quality. Using univariate analysis, high quality CVF were significantly more likely to have a high spiral score (p<.0001), low amounts of stool during withdrawal (p<.0001), and long clear withdrawal times (p=.0016). Multivariate analysis resulted in a predictive model that included three independent features: spiral score, amount of stool during withdrawal and difference between insertion and withdrawal amount of stool. The c-statistic (AUC) for the model was 0.737. Conclusion: Computer-based, automated analysis of colonoscopy video files can provide a probability of the quality of colonoscopy. Three independent features determine the probability of a high quality colonoscopy: a high spiral score, which reflects the efforts of the endoscopist to look behind folds and inspect lateral mucosa, (2) a low stool score during withdrawal, which reflects the efforts of the patient and/or the endoscopist to clean the colon, and (3) a high difference between insertion and withdrawal stool scores, which reflects efforts of the endoscopist to remove remaining debris. Withdrawal time was not an independent predictor of quality. Disclosure: Drs. de Groen, Wong, Tavanapong, Oh. Company: Endometric. Stockholders/Ownership Interest. Patent Holder. Drs. Wong, Tavanapong, Oh. Company EndoMetric. Employee.
Swalpamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. II. Structure elucidation. (1987)

A new antibiotic swalpamycin (1) has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. Y-84,30967. The antibiotic has the molecular formula of C37H56O14 and belongs to the class of 16-membered neutral macrolide antibiotics. Its structure has been elucidated by an analysis of its spectral properties. It contains a novel aglycone herein called swalpanolide.