gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyimide Aerogel Thin Films (2012)

aerogels have been crosslinked through multifunctional amines. This invention builds on Polyimide Aerogels With Three-Dimensional Cross-Linked Structure, and may be considered as a continuation of that invention, which results in a polyimide aerogel with a flexible, formable form. Gels formed from polyamic acid solutions, end-capped with anhydrides, and cross-linked with the multifunctional amines, are chemically imidized and dried using supercritical CO2 extraction to give aerogels having density around 0.1 to 0.3 g/cubic cm. The aerogels are 80 to 95% porous, and have high surface areas (200 to 600 sq m/g) and low thermal conductivity (as low as 14 mW/m-K at room temperature). Notably, the cross-linked polyimide aerogels have higher modulus than polymer-reinforced silica aerogels of similar density, and can be fabricated as both monoliths and thin films.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Tubulysin Analogues as ADC Payloads (2016)

The tubulysin class of natural products has attracted much attention from the medicinal chemistry community due to its potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of human cancer cell lines, including significant activity in multidrug-resistant carcinoma models. As a result of their potency, the tubulysins have become an important tool for use in targeted therapy, being widely pursued as payloads in the development of novel small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). A structure-based and parallel medicinal chemistry approach was applied to the synthesis of novel tubulysin analogues. These efforts led to the discovery of a number of novel and potent cytotoxic tubulysin analogues, providing a framework for our simultaneous report, which highlights the discovery of tubulysin-based ADCs, including use of site-specific conjugation to address in vivo stability of the C-11 acetate functionality.
Cooperative Partial Detection Using MIMO Relays (2011)

Using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relays in cooperative communication improves the data rate and reliability of the communication. The MIMO transmission, however, requires considerable resources for the detection in the relay. In particular, if a full detect-and-forward (FDF) strategy is employed, the relay needs to spend considerable resources to perform the full MIMO detection. We propose a novel cooperative partial detection (CPD) strategy to partition the detection task between the relay and the destination. CPD modifies the tree traversal of the tree-based sphere detectors in a way where there is no need to visit all the levels of the tree and only a subset of the levels; thus, a subset of the transmitted streams are visited. The destination, then, combines the source signal and the partial relay signal to perform the final detection step and recover the transmitted vector. We study and compare the performance and complexity of FDF and CPD and show that by using the CPD approach, the relay can avoid the considerable overhead of MIMO detection while helping the source-destination link to improve its performance. More specifically, in the case of a 4 × 4 system, the relay complexity can be reduced by up to 80% of the conventional relaying scheme.
Angiopoietin-like 4 based therapeutics for proteinuria and kidney disease (2014)

Current drugs used to treat proteinuric disorders of the kidney have been borrowed from other branches of medicine, and are only partially effective. The discovery of a central, mechanistic role played by two different forms of the secreted glycoprotein angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) in human and experimental glomerular disease has opened new treatment avenues. Localized upregulation of a hyposialylated form (lacks sialic acid residues) of Angptl4 secreted by podocytes induces the cardinal morphological and clinical manifestations of human minimal change disease, and is also being increasingly recognized as a significant contributor toward proteinuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Oral treatment with low doses of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, a naturally occurring precursor of sialic acid, improves sialylation of Angptl4 in vivo, and reduces proteinuria by over 40%. By contrast, a sialylated circulating form of Angptl4, mostly secreted from skeletal muscle, heart and adipose tissue in all major primary glomerular diseases, reduces proteinuria while also causing hypertriglyceridemia. Intravenous administration of recombinant human Angptl4 mutated to avoid hypertriglyceridemia and cleavage has remarkable efficacy in reducing proteinuria by as much as 65% for 2 weeks after a single low dose. Both interventions are mechanistically relevant, utilize naturally occurring pathways, and represent new generation therapeutic agents for chronic kidney disease related to glomerular disorders.
Catalytic Antibody Route to the Naturally Occurring Epothilones: Total Synthesis of Epothilones A-F (2001)

Naturally occurring epothilones have been synthesized starting from enantiomerically pure aldol compounds 9-11, which were obtained by antibody catalysis. Aldolase antibody 38C2 catalyzed the resolution of (+/-)-9 by enantioselective retro-aldol reaction to afford 9 in 90% ee at 50 % conversion. Compounds 10 and 11 were obtained in more than 99% ee at 50% conversion by resolution of their racemic mixtures using newly developed aldolase antibodies 84G3, 85H6 or 93F3. Compounds 9, 10 and 11 were resolved in multigram quantities and then converted to the epothilones by metathesis processes, which were catalyzed by Grubbs' catalysts.
The Power of Exhaustive Bridge Diagnosis using IDDQ Speed, Confidence, and Resolution (2006)

A method is presented for high-speed diagnosis of all two-node bridging defects in a logic circuit using I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> . The method is tractable for large industrial circuit designs, requiring less than two CPU minutes to evaluate the ten trillion bridging defects on a 4.5-million gate ASIC. More significant than the speed of the method, however, is the precise diagnostic resolution typically achieved when the list of bridge faults diagnosed is examined in light of the circuit's physical layout. The robustness of the IDDQ bridge fault model and the near impossibility of matching a long I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> signature by chance result in a confidence in the results rarely matched by diagnostic methods that must rely on modeling the logical behavior of a bridging defect. Performance data and results from physical failure analysis are presented for a variety of production ASIC designs
Decomposition Pathways of <i>Z</i>-Selective Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts (2012)

The decomposition of a Z-selective ruthenium metathesis catalyst and structurally similar analogues has been investigated utilizing X-ray crystallography and density functional theory. Isolated X-ray crystal structures suggest that recently reported C-H activated catalysts undergo decomposition via insertion of the alkylidene moiety into the chelating ruthenium-carbon bond followed by hydride elimination, which is supported by theoretical calculations. The resulting ruthenium hydride intermediates have been implicated in previously observed olefin migration, and thus lead to unwanted byproducts in cross metathesis reactions. Preventing these decomposition modes will be essential in the design of more active and selective Z-selective catalysts.
Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism (1983)

Sulfoxides and amides were tested as inhibitors of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism in rats. With both series of compounds, increasing the hydrophobicity resulted in better inhibition, and introduction of polar groups reduced inhibition. Of the cyclic sulfoxides, tetramethylene sulfoxide was the best inhibitor as compared to the tri- and pentamethylene analogue and other compounds, and it may be a transition-state analogue. The most promising compounds, tetramethylene sulfoxide and isovaleramide, were essentially uncompetitive inhibitors of purified horse and rat liver alcohol dehydrogenases with respect to ethanol as substrate. These compounds also were uncompetitive inhibitors in vivo, which is advantageous since the inhibition is not overcome at higher concentrations of ethanol, as it is with competitive inhibitors, such as pyrazole. The uncompetitive inhibition constants for tetramethylene sulfoxide and isovaleramide for rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase were 200 and 20 microM, respectively, in vitro, whereas in vivo the values were 340 and 180 mumol/kg. The differences in the values may be due to metabolism or distribution of the compounds. Further studies will be required to determine if isovaleramide or tetramethylene sulfoxide is suitable for therapeutic purposes.
Intralymphatic drug delivery for treatment of breast cancer: Synthesis, characterization, pharmacokinetics and anti-cancer activity in rodents (2008)

2285 Breast cancers spread initially to regional lymph nodes prior to systemic spread, adequate evaluation and treatment of the axillary lymph nodes is paramount to treatment of early stage disease. An intralymphatically-targeted chemotherapy treating metastatic breast cancer was developed, which may significantly reduce side effects and increase the effectivity of doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin based chemotherapy. Doxorubicin and cisplatin were covalently conjugated to hyaluronan(HA) which is a highly biocompatible and nonimmunogenic polymer with a conjugation degree of 5-10% and 20-30%, respectively. Doxorubicin-HA and cisplatin-HA conjugates demonstrate antiproliferative efficacy similar to standard doxorubicin and cisplatin formulations in breast cancer models in vitro. IC50 values of DOX-HA and cisplatin-HA were determined to be 0.1 µg/mL, 0.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL and 3 µg/mL, 7 µg/mL, 7 µg/mL, respectively, using cell lines of MDA-MB-468LN, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Drug-release characteristics of DOX-HA and cisplatin-HA were determined using gel permeation chromatography coupled with fluorescent or atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively; demonstrating sustained release of DOX (t1/2 of 172 hours at pH 7.4, 45 hours at pH 5.0) and cisplatin (t1/2 of 10 hours at pH 7.4) from the HA carriers. Pharmacokinetics of DOX and cisplatin were studied using female Sprague-Dawley rats. Distribution of DOX in liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, brain, muscle, bladder, lymph nodes, plasma and urine was determined by spectrofluorophotometry. Distribution of cisplatin was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Localization of conjugates in lymph nodes was determined by magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) tagged HA carrier, demonstrating concentration in draining nodes after 12 hours with no liver enhancement. A lymphatic metastasis model was established by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-468LN, a human breast cancer cell line with extensive lymph node metastasis in female athymic nude mice. On-going studies are determining tumor response to lymphatic chemotherapy compared to conventional intravenous treatment.
The EuroFlow PID Orientation Tube for Flow Cytometric Diagnostic Screening of Primary Immunodeficiencies of the Lymphoid System (2019)

In the rapidly evolving field of primary immunodeficiencies (PID), the EuroFlow consortium decided to develop a PID orientation and screening tube that facilitates fast, standardized, and validated immunophenotypic diagnosis of lymphoid PID, and allows full exchange of data between centers. Our aim was to develop a tool that would be universal for all lymphoid PIDs and offer high sensitivity to identify a lymphoid PID (without a need for specificity to diagnose particular PID) and to guide and prioritize further diagnostic modalities and clinical management. The tube composition has been defined in a stepwise manner through several cycles of design-testing-evaluation-redesign in a multicenter setting. Equally important appeared to be the standardized pre-analytical procedures (sample preparation and instrument setup), analytical procedures (immunostaining and data acquisition), the software analysis (a multidimensional view based on a reference database in Infinicyt software), and data interpretation. This standardized EuroFlow concept has been tested on 250 healthy controls and 99 PID patients with defined genetic defects. In addition, an application of new EuroFlow software tools with multidimensional pattern recognition was designed with inclusion of maturation pathways in multidimensional patterns (APS plots). The major advantage of the EuroFlow approach is that data can be fully exchanged between different laboratories in any country of the world, which is especially of interest for the PID field, with generally low numbers of cases per center.
Regular-pulse excitation--A novel approach to effective and efficient multipulse coding of speech (1986)

This paper describes an effective and efficient time domain speech encoding technique that has an appealing low complexity, and produces toll quality speech at rates below 16 kbits/s. The proposed coder uses linear predictive techniques to remove the short-time correlation in the speech signal. The remaining (residual) information is then modeled by a low bit rate reduced excitation sequence that, when applied to the time-varying model filter, produces a signal that is "close" to the reference speech signal. The procedure for finding the optimal constrained excitation signal incorporates the solution of a few strongly coupled sets of linear equations and is of moderate complexity compared to competing coding systems such as adaptive transform coding and multipulse excitation coding. The paper describes the novel coding idea and the procedure for finding the excitation sequence. We then show that the coding procedure can be considered as an "optimized" baseband coder with spectral folding as high-frequency regeneration technique. The effect of various analysis parameters on the quality of the reconstructed speech is investigated using both objective and subjective tests. Further, modifications of the basic algorithm, and their impact on both the quality of the reconstructed speech signal and the complexity of the encoding algorithm, are discussed. Using the generalized baseband coder formulation, we demonstrate that under reasonable assumptions concerning the weighting filter, an attractive low-complexity/high-quality coder can be obtained.
Imaging Interferometric Microscopy - Resolution to the Limit of Frequency Space. (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Kuznetsova, A. Neumann, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Imaging Interferometric Microscopy - Resolution to the Limit of Frequency Space.," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper JWA7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Control of Thickness and Chemical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposition Overcoats for Stabilizing Cu/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts (2014)

Whereas sintering and leaching of copper nanoparticles during liquid-phase catalytic processing can be prevented by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to overcoat the nanoparticles with AlOx , this acidic overcoat leads to reversible deactivation of the catalyst by resinification and blocking of the pores within the overcoat during hydrogenation of furfural. We demonstrate that decreasing the overcoat thickness from 45 to 5 ALD cycles is an effective method to increase the rate per gram of catalyst and to decrease the rate of deactivation for catalysts pretreated at 673 K, and a fully regenerable copper catalyst can be produced with only five ALD cycles of AlOx . Moreover, although an overcoat of MgOx does not lead to stabilization of copper nanoparticles against sintering and leaching during liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions, the AlOx overcoat can be chemically modified to decrease acidity and deactivation through the addition of MgOx , while maintaining stability of the copper nanoparticles.
Terpenoid-based defenses in conifers: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of wound-inducible ( <i>E</i> )-α-bisabolene synthase from grand fir ( <i>Abies grandis</i> ) (1998)

(E)-alpha-Bisabolene synthase is one of two wound-inducible sesquiterpene synthases of grand fir (Abies grandis), and the olefin product of this cyclization reaction is considered to be the precursor in Abies species of todomatuic acid, juvabione, and related insect juvenile hormone mimics. A cDNA encoding (E)-alpha-bisabolene synthase was isolated from a wound-induced grand fir stem library by a PCR-based strategy and was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to produce (E)-alpha-bisabolene as the sole product from farnesyl diphosphate. The expressed synthase has a deduced size of 93.8 kDa and a pI of 5. 03, exhibits other properties typical of sesquiterpene synthases, and resembles in sequence other terpenoid synthases with the exception of a large amino-terminal insertion corresponding to Pro81-Val296. Biosynthetically prepared (E)-alpha-[3H]bisabolene was converted to todomatuic acid in induced grand fir cells, and the time course of appearance of bisabolene synthase mRNA was shown by Northern hybridization to lag behind that of mRNAs responsible for production of induced oleoresin monoterpenes. These results suggest that induced (E)-alpha-bisabolene biosynthesis constitutes part of a defense response targeted to insect herbivores, and possibly fungal pathogens, that is distinct from induced oleoresin monoterpene production.
Improvement of outer membrane-permeabilizing and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities of an antimicrobial cationic peptide by C-terminal modification (1994)

Antimicrobial cationic peptides have been discovered in many different organisms and often possess a broad range of activity. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of actions of melittin and two synthetic peptides, CEME (a cecropin-melittin hybrid) and CEMA, against gram-negative bacteria. CEMA was produced by recombinant DNA procedures and is an analog of CEME with a modified C terminus resulting in two additional positive charges. All three peptides showed good antimicrobial activity against four different gram-negative bacteria, but only CEMA was able to somewhat augment the activity of some conventional antibiotics in synergy studies. Studies using the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae showed that the peptides all possessed the ability to permeabilize bacterial outer membranes to the hydrophobic fluorophor 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine and the protein lysozyme, with CEMA being the most active. CEMA also had the strongest relative binding affinity for bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). These data collectively indicated that these peptides all cross the outer membrane by the self-promoted uptake pathway and that CEMA is the peptide most effective at accessing this pathway.
A new face authentication system for memory-constrained devices (2003)

Though biometrics to authenticate a person is a convenient tool, typical authentication algorithms by using biometrics may not be executable on the memory-constrained devices such as smart cards. We present a solution of a face authentication algorithm for open issue. Our achievement is two-fold. One is to present a face authentication algorithm with low memory requirement, which uses support vector machines (SVM) with the feature set extracted by genetic algorithms (GA). The other contribution is to suggest a method to reduce further, if needed, the amount of memory required in the authentication at the expense of verification rate by changing a controllable system parameter for a feature set size. Given a pre-defined amount of memory, this capability is quite effective to mount our algorithm on memory-constrained devices. Our experimental results show that the proposed method provides good performance in terms of accuracy and memory requirement.
Influence of enzymes on the oil extraction processes in aqueous media (2010)

The methods of oil aqueous extraction process (AEP) assisted by enzymes are, over the last 50 years, an alternative designed to replace traditional methods of extraction using organic solvents. To extract the oil using an AEP, the use of specific enzymes, able to hydrolyze some or all components of seeds, can significantly increase the yields of extraction. Hydrolyzing the different constituents of cell walls (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins, etc.), enzymes are able to enhance the liberation of the oil. A number of physico-chemical parameters must also be considered for the better expression of the enzymatic mixture, while maintaining the quality of oils and meals. This article presents the various factors influencing the release of oil in aqueous media and the main results obtained by this process on various substrates.
Development of mixed-conducting ceramic membranes for converting methane to syngas (1997)

The abundantly available natural gas (mostly methane) discovered in remote areas has stimulated considerable research on upgrading this gas to high-value-added clean-burning fuels such as dimethyl ether and alcohols and to pollution-fighting additives. Of the two routes to convert methane to valuable products direct and indirect, the direct route involving partial oxidation of methane to syngas (CO + H{sub 2}) by air is preferred. Syngas is the key intermediate product used to form a variety of petrochemicals and transportation fuels. This paper is concerned with the selective transport of oxygen from air for converting methane to syngas by means of a mixed-conducting ceramic oxide membrane prepared from Sr-Fe-Co-O oxide. While both perovskite and nonperovskite type Sr-Fe-Co-O oxides permeate large amounts of oxygen when the membrane tube is subjected to oxygen pressure gradients, the work shows that the nonperovskite SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} exhibits remarkable stability during oxygen permeation. More particularly, extruded and sintered tubes from SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} have been evaluated in a reactor operating at {approx} 850 C for conversion of methane into syngas in the presence of a reforming catalyst. Methane conversion efficiencies of {approx} 99% were observed. In addition, oxygen permeability of SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x} was measured as a function of oxygen partial pressure gradient and temperature in a gas-tight electrochemical cell. Oxygen permeability has also been calculated from conductivity data and the results are compared and discussed.
Purification of Human Interferon by Antibody Affinity Chromatography, using Highly Absorbed Anti‐interferon (1978)

Antibodies against partially purified human leucocyte interferon (PIF) were bound to Sepharose 4B and crude interferons applied on this affinity column were purified, up to 8 x 10(5) interferon units (IFU) per mg protein in one step. Antibodies against PIF were absorbed with immobilized crude human leucocyte interferon bound to Sepharose, whereby antibodies against impurities were predominantly removed. Extensively absorbed antisera were coupled to Sepharose and used for antibody affinity chromatography of crude interferon preparations. Leucocyte and fibroblast interferons were purified in one step with around 100% recovery, up to 1 x 10(8) IFU per mg protein, and Namalva interferon up to 2 x 10(7) IFU/mg. SDS electrophoresis of affinity-purified leucocyte interferon revealed that the interferon activity appeared in two bands (19,000 and 23,000 D).