gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open-Circuit Voltage Deficit, Radiative Sub-Bandgap States, and Prospects in Quantum Dot Solar Cells (2015)

Quantum dot photovoltaics (QDPV) offer the potential for low-cost solar cells. To develop strategies for continued improvement in QDPVs, a better understanding of the factors that limit their performance is essential. Here, we study carrier recombination processes that limit the power conversion efficiency of PbS QDPVs. We demonstrate the presence of radiative sub-bandgap states and sub-bandgap state filling in operating devices by using photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy. These sub-bandgap states are most likely the origin of the high open-circuit-voltage (VOC) deficit and relatively limited carrier collection that have thus far been observed in QDPVs. Combining these results with our perspectives on recent progress in QDPV, we conclude that eliminating sub-bandgap states in PbS QD films has the potential to show a greater gain than may be attainable by optimization of interfaces between QDs and other materials. We suggest possible future directions that could guide the design of high-performance QDPVs.
Faster Neural Networks Straight from JPEG (2018)

The simple, elegant approach of training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) directly from RGB pixels has enjoyed overwhelming empirical success. But can more performance be squeezed out of networks by using different input representations? In this paper we propose and explore a simple idea: train CNNs directly on the blockwise discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients computed and available in the middle of the JPEG codec. Intuitively, when processing JPEG images using CNNs, it seems unnecessary to decompress a blockwise frequency representation to an expanded pixel representation, shuffle it from CPU to GPU, and then process it with a CNN that will learn something similar to a transform back to frequency representation in its first layers. Why not skip both steps and feed the frequency domain into the network directly? In this paper we modify \libjpeg to produce DCT coefficients directly, modify a ResNet-50 network to accommodate the differently sized and strided input, and evaluate performance on ImageNet. We find networks that are both faster and more accurate, as well as networks with about the same accuracy but 1.77x faster than ResNet-50.
Live migration of virtual machine based on recovering system and CPU scheduling (2011)

With the development of distributed computing and cloud computing, live migration of virtual machines across distinct hosts has become a hot research topic. Many previous approaches focused on transferring memory states, which make VM migration cost much downtime. This paper describes a novel approach based on recovering system and CPU scheduling to provide fast, transparent live migration. Target host executes log files generated on source host to synchronize the states of source and target hosts, during which a CPU scheduling mechanism is used to adjust the log generation rate. We also make a mathematical analysis about our approach and give a experiment to evaluate the performance. The experiment shows our approach can reduce the downtime and total migration time compared with pre-copy algorithm: up to 62.12% on downtime and 43.84% on total migration time.
The Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Fruit: A Review of Current Knowledge of Fruit Composition and Health Benefits (2013)

The nutritional jujube ( Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceous family grows mostly in Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia, especially the inland region of northern China. Jujube has a long history of usage as a fruit and remedy. The main biologically active components are vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and polysaccharides. Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruits have shed some light on their biological effects, such as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities and inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages. A stronger focus on clinical studies and phytochemical definition of jujube fruits will be essential for future research efforts. This review may be useful for predicting other medicinal uses and potential drug or food interactions and may be beneficial for people living where the jujube fruits are prevalent and health care resources are scarce.
Separation of Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids by Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography using Methanol-Carbon Dioxide Mixtures with Very Polar Additives (1991)

Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) can be used to separate much more polar solutes than is generally recognized. Polyfunctional benzene carboxylic acids, including benzene mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexacarboxylic acids, are rapidly separated using packed columns. Mobile phases consist of small amounts of a very polar additive, like citric acid or trifluoroacetic acid dissolved in methanol and mixed with carbon dioxide. Without the additive, few of the solutes elute and peak shapes tend to be poor. The hexacarboxylic acid is rapidly eluted with a modifier concentration below 10%.
Human cellular fibronectin: comparison of the carboxyl-terminal portion with rat identifies primary structural domains separated by hypervariable regions (1985)

We report the isolation and characterization of four overlapping cDNA clones coding for human cellular fibronectin which continuously cover more than 3 kilobases in length. The nucleotide sequence of these cDNAs has been determined, thus elucidating the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal 794 residues of human fibronectin, which cover the edge of cellular-, heparin-, and fibrin-binding domains of this protein. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences with those of rat [Schwarzbauer, J. E., Tamkun, J. W., Lemischka, I. R., & Hynes, R. O. (1983) Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 35, 421] indicate a high degree of conservation at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Comparison with previously published data on amino acid sequences of bovine fibronectin made it possible to identify structurally important features of the protein during the evolution of human, calf, and rat. The deduced human amino acid sequences contain five type III and three type I repeats of internal homologies. The interspecies conservation in amino acids is more pronounced in regions containing the internal repeats and within each functional domain. The implications of these interspecies conservation and divergence are discussed.
Enhancing the Gelation and Bioactivity of Injectable Silk Fibroin Hydrogel with Laponite Nanoplatelets (2016)

Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) of Bombyx mori silk fiber is a promising natural material for bone defect repair. However, a lack of specific integrin and growth factor for osteoinduction significantly hinders its application in this area. In this study, the role of Laponite nanoplatelet (LAP), a bioactive clay that can promote osteoblast growth, in the formation of RSF hydrogel, as well as the various properties of RSF/LAP hybrid hydrogel, was closely investigated. The results indicate that LAP could serve as a medium to accelerate hydrophobic interaction among the RSF molecules and a disruptor to limit the growth of β-sheet domain during the gelation of RSF. Rheological measurement suggests that the RSF/LAP hydrogel is injectable as it displays thixotropy in the room temperature. Proliferation and differentiation results of the primary osteoblasts encapsulated in hydrogel show that RSF/LAP hydrogel can promote the cell proliferation and enhance the osteogenic differentiation. The transcript levels for alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen type I osteogenic markers obviously improve with RSF/LAP hydrogel compared to the controls at 14 days, especially with the higher contents of LAP. Overall, the results suggest that the RSF/LAP hydrogel have great potential to be utilized as an injectable biomaterial for irregular bone defect repair.
Review of flash sintering: Materials, mechanisms and modelling (2016)

Flash sintering (FS) is an energy efficient sintering technique involving electrical Joule heating, which allows very rapid densification (<60 s) of particulate materials. Since the first publication on flash-sintered zirconia (3YSZ) in 2010, it has been intensively researched and applied to a wide range of materials. Going back more than a century ago, we have found a close similarity between FS of oxides and Nernst glowers developed in 1897. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FS and is based on a literature survey consisting of 88 papers and seven patents. It correlates processing parameters (i.e. electric field magnitude, current density, waveforms (AC, DC) and frequency, furnace temperature, electrode materials/configuration, externally applied pressure and sintering atmosphere) with microstructures and densification mechanisms. Theorised mechanisms driving the rapid densification are substantiated by modelling work, advanced in situ analysis techniques and by established theories applied to electric current assisted/activated sintering techniques. The possibility of applying FS to a wider range of materials and its implementation in industrial scale processes are discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abbreviations: ECAS: Electric Current Assisted/Assisted Sintering; FS: flash sintering; SPS: spark plasma sintering; FSPS: flash spark plasma sintering; HIP: hot isostatic press; HP: hot press; T F : furnace temperature; T Onset : onset temperature; E : electrical field; T S : sample temperature; T Soft : softening temperature for glasses; T m : melting temperature; PTC or NTC: positive or negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance; IS: impedance spectroscopy; OES: optical emission spectroscopy; AES: atomic emission spectroscopy; DBS: Dog-bone shape, L: length, W: width, T: thickness, D: diameter, H: height, R: rectangular, CS: cross-section; P: particle size; C: crystallite size; 3YSZ: 3 mol-% yttria-stabilised zirconia; I: ion, H: hole, V: vacancy, E: electron, P: proton
Improved High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Indomethacin in Plasma (1992)

Indomethacin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and has several uses, including the ability to encourage closure of a patent ductus in premature neonates. A rapid, accurate, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for measuring plasma concentrations of indomethacin. An acidic buffer (citrate, pH 3.0) was employed to alter the pH of the aqueous phase prior to extraction to minimise interference interference from endogenous compounds. Extraction of indomethacin from plasma was optimally achieved with petroleum ether (boiling fraction of 40-60 degrees C):dichloromethane (50:50). However, separation of indomethacin from plasma proteins was attempted unsuccessfully using acetonitrile precipitation; severe band broadening occurred due to injected sample solvent problems. The absolute recoveries for indomethacin and internal standard (mefenamic acid) were over 90% (n = 3). Precision was expressed as the coefficient of variation (n = 4), which was less than or equal to 8% at each of six indomethacin concentrations in the range 50-2,000 ng/ml. The limit of quantitation of indomethacin in plasma was 50 ng/ml (0.5 ml of plasma injected). We report an HPLC method for the quantitation of indomethacin in plasma that may have widespread applicability for routine drug assay laboratories.
Silencing <i>GhNDR1</i> and <i>GhMKK2</i> compromises cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt (2011)

Cotton is an important cash crop worldwide, and is a significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. Considerable effort has been expended to increase sustainable yield and quality through molecular breeding and genetic engineering of new cotton cultivars. Given the recent availability of the whole-genome sequence of cotton, it is necessary to develop molecular tools and resources for large-scale analysis of gene functions at the genome-wide level. We have successfully developed an Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay in several cotton cultivars with various genetic backgrounds. The genes of interest were potently and readily silenced within 2 weeks after inoculation at the seedling stage. Importantly, we showed that silencing GhNDR1 and GhMKK2 compromised cotton resistance to the infection by Verticillium dahliae, a fungal pathogen causing Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, we developed a cotton protoplast system for transient gene expression to study gene functions by a gain-of-function approach. The viable protoplasts were isolated from green cotyledons, etiolated cotyledons and true leaves, and responded to a wide range of pathogen elicitors and phytohormones. Remarkably, cotton plants possess conserved, but also distinct, MAP kinase activation with Arabidopsis upon bacterial elicitor flagellin perception. Thus, using gene silencing assays, we have shown that GhNDR1 and GhMKK2 are required for Verticillium resistance in cotton, and have developed high throughput loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays for functional genomic studies in cotton.
Dynamic intensity-weighted region of interest imaging for conebeam CT (2016)

The presented technique offers a method to reduce imaging dose by accepting increased image noise outside the ROI, while maintaining full image quality inside the ROI.
Abstract LB-B27: Novel antitumor agent GZ17-6.02 exerts discrete effects on transcriptional regulation in pancreatic cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (2018)

Abstract GZ17-6.02 is a synthetic formulation of Arum palaestinum extracts that has shown significant antitumor activity against a variety of cancer types including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previous studies have showed that GZ17-6.02 significantly inhibited PDAC tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model for PDAC. Mechanistically, GZ17-6.02 suppressed the expression of multiple tumor stem cell markers in PDAC cells. However, the exact mechanism of action or cellular targets of GZ17-6.02 is not well understood. Considering the substantial effect of GZ17-6.02 on transcription, we hypothesized that GZ17-6.02 might affect the super-enhancers (SEs) networks in pancreatic cancer cells and/or stromal fibroblasts. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effect of GZ17-6.02 on global gene expression, particularly those associated with super-enhancers in PDAC cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) using whole genome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) assays. Our results showed that GZ17-6.02 induced expression changes in a large number of genes in both pancreatic cancer cells and CAFs. Overall, GZ17-6.02 induced expression changes in more genes in the cancer cells (MIA PaCa-2) than in the CAFs (CAF08). Clustering analysis showed that the top differentially expressed genes are very different between the cancer and CAF cells. In MIA PaCa-2 cells, GZ17-6.02 most significantly affected pathways related to gap junctions whereas in CAF08 cells, pathways related to extracellular matrix proteins such as hyaluronan were among the most significantly dysregulated by the drug. The ChIP-seq results indicated that GZ17-6.02 treatment at 50 μg/mL for 6 hours disrupted many SEs, which may have caused changes in the expression of genes associated with those SEs in the pancreatic cancer cells. The effect of GZ17-6.02 at 50 μg/mL for 6 hours on SEs in the CAF08 was not significant. This is consistent with the fact that relatively small effect on global gene expression in CAF08 cells was observed in the transcriptome analysis. Overall, our study demonstrates that GZ17-6.02 exerts discrete effects on pancreatic cancer cells and CAFs, indicating that the drug may target both the tumors and their associated fibroblasts (stroma). Furthermore, GZ17-6.02 may disrupt super-enhancer networks in the tumor cells to affect genes that play important roles in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Emily Rodela, Pawan Noel, Shaimaa Hussein, Yin C. Lin, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Haiyong Han. Novel antitumor agent GZ17-6.02 exerts discrete effects on transcriptional regulation in pancreatic cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-B27.
A Mixed Hierarchical Attention Based Encoder-Decoder Approach for Standard Table Summarization (2018)

Parag Jain, Anirban Laha, Karthik Sankaranarayanan, Preksha Nema, Mitesh M. Khapra, Shreyas Shetty. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Taking Advantage of Multitask Learning for Fair Classification (2019)

A central goal of algorithmic fairness is to reduce bias in automated decision making. An unavoidable tension exists between accuracy gains obtained by using sensitive information as part of a statistical model, and any commitment to protect these characteristics. Often, due to biases present in the data, using the sensitive information in the functional form of a classifier improves classification accuracy. In this paper we show how it is possible to get the best of both worlds: optimize model accuracy and fairness without explicitly using the sensitive feature in the functional form of the model, thereby treating different individuals equally. Our method is based on two key ideas. On the one hand, we propose to use Multitask Learning (MTL), enhanced with fairness constraints, to jointly learn group specific classifiers that leverage information between sensitive groups. On the other hand, since learning group specific models might not be permitted, we propose to first predict the sensitive features by any learning method and then to use the predicted sensitive feature to train MTL with fairness constraints. This enables us to tackle fairness with a three-pronged approach, that is, by increasing accuracy on each group, enforcing measures of fairness during training, and protecting sensitive information during testing. Experimental results on two real datasets support our proposal, showing substantial improvements in both accuracy and fairness.
A Contextual Attention Recurrent Architecture for Context-Aware Venue Recommendation (2018)

Venue recommendation systems aim to effectively rank a list of interesting venues users should visit based on their historical feedback (e.g. checkins). Such systems are increasingly deployed by Location-based Social Networks (LBSNs) such as Foursquare and Yelp to enhance their usefulness to users. Recently, various RNN architectures have been proposed to incorporate contextual information associated with the users' sequence of checkins (e.g. time of the day, location of venues) to effectively capture the users' dynamic preferences. However, these architectures assume that different types of contexts have an identical impact on the users' preferences, which may not hold in practice. For example, an ordinary context such as the time of the day reflects the user's current contextual preferences, whereas a transition context - such as a time interval from their last visited venue - indicates a transition effect from past behaviour to future behaviour. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Contextual Attention Recurrent Architecture (CARA) that leverages both sequences of feedback and contextual information associated with the sequences to capture the users' dynamic preferences. Our proposed recurrent architecture consists of two types of gating mechanisms, namely 1) a contextual attention gate that controls the influence of the ordinary context on the users' contextual preferences and 2) a time- and geo-based gate that controls the influence of the hidden state from the previous checkin based on the transition context. Thorough experiments on three large checkin and rating datasets from commercial LBSNs demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed CARA architecture by significantly outperforming many state-of-the-art RNN architectures and factorisation approaches.
A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy (2019)

E-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine-replacement therapy, when both products were accompanied by behavioral support. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN60477608 .).
In-Situ Measurement of Current Distribution in a Li-Ion Cell (2013)

This paper reports in-situ measurements of current distribution in a Li-ion battery using a newly developed pouch cell with a segmented electrode. It is shown that current distribution is non-uniform from the beginning of discharge and evolves dramatically as discharge proceeds. Initially, segments closer to the negative tab generate higher local currents, which is attributed to the ohmic potential drop along the negative current collector. However, toward the end of discharge the current distribution reverses in pattern due to local SOC non-uniformity developed by uneven current production in early stages. Current distribution is more uniform at lower C rates and lower temperatures. In cells operated close to the equilibrium (e.g. at low C-rates or higher temperatures), current distribution tends to be wavy as it is dominated by the SOC non-uniformity effect and reflective of multiple plateaus in the open-circuit voltage vs. SOC curve. In contrast, current distribution exhibits a monotonic variation in cells operated at highly non-equilibrium as the ohmic potential drop along the current collector becomes more controlling. Local SOC distribution is calculated based on measured local currents. The SOC distribution is found not uniform, even at cutoff during high C rate discharge, suggesting strongly under-utilization of active materials.
Deferiprone in the treatment of transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a review and perspective. (2007)

Deferiprone is an orally active iron chelator which has emerged from an extensive search for new treatment of iron overload. Comparative studies have shown that at comparable doses deferiprone may be as effective as deferoxamine in removing body iron. Retrospective and prospective studies have shown that deferiprone monotherapy is significantly more effective than deferoxamine in improving myocardial siderosis in thalassemia major. Agranulocytosis is the most serious side effect associated with the use of deferiprone, occurring in about 1% of the patients. More common but less serious side effects are gastrointestinal symptoms, arthralgia, zinc deficiency, and fluctuating transaminases levels. Deferiprone can be used in combination with desferrioxamine. This regimen of chelation is tolerable and attractive for patients unable to comply with standard deferoxamine infusions or with inadequate response to deferiprone alone. Combination therapy has been effectively used in the management of severe cardiac siderosis.
A Mathematical Model for Trailer–Truck Jackknifing (1981)

We present a differential equation which is a model for the position of a trailer relative to the cab which is pulling it. The solution is given for two examples, and the results are generalized in a theorem.