gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Architecture for the Aggregation and Analysis of Scholarly Usage Data (2006)

Although recording of usage data is common in scholarly information services, its exploitation for the creation of value-added services remains limited due to concerns regarding, among others, user privacy, data validity, and the lack of accepted standards for the representation, sharing and aggregation of usage data. This paper presents a technical, standards-based architecture for sharing usage information, which we have designed and implemented. In this architecture, OpenURL-compliant linking servers aggregate usage information of a specific user community as it navigates the distributed information environment that it has access to. This usage information is made OAI-PMH harvestable so that usage information exposed by many linking servers can be aggregated to facilitate the creation of value-added services with a reach beyond that of a single community or a single information service. This paper also discusses issues that were encountered when implementing the proposed approach, and it presents preliminary results obtained from analyzing a usage data set containing about 3,500,000 requests aggregated by a federation of linking servers at the California State University system over a 20 month period.
Precoder Design for Space-Time Coded MIMO Systems with Imperfect Channel State Information (2008)

We address the problem of designing a linear precoder for space-time coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with imperfect knowledge of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), subject to a total transmit power constraint. Assuming an uncorrelated flat-fading channel and using a maximum likelihood decoder at the receiver, we analytically reveal that the derived precoder is a function of the noise variance, the eigenvalues of the estimated channel matrix and the eigenvalues of the codeword distance matrix. Furthermore, the power allocation on the eigenvalues of the precoder is shown to follow the water-pouring policy and hence the proposed precoder allocates more power to the stronger channels.
Application of Large Gurney Flaps on Low Reynolds Number Fan Blades (2011)

On the basis of a semi-empirical model, large Gurney flaps of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the fan blade chord length were tested in a specially designed ventilation fan facility. At the highest volumetric flowrates tested, the flapped blades all produced higher pressures than the baseline nonflapped case. When proper accounting was made of fan rotational speed, all flapped blades produced consistently higher dimensionless pressures, with the 30% flap producing the highest pressures at large volumetric flowrates. Based on the assumption that sound power varies with the sixth power of fan rotation speed, it was shown that the sound pressure level could be reduced by nearly 4 dB. All flapped configurations produced higher mechanical efficiency than the baseline case but the mass of the flap relative to that of the blade emerged as an important parameter. A 10% flap, whose mass was negligible relative to the blade, produced the largest increase of 18% in static efficiency. Further research will focus on testing the flaps over the entire operational range, as well as on redesigning stiffer and lighter Gurney flaps. The introduction of three-dimensionality such as spanwise spaced holes, slits, or serrations that have previously been used to reduce airfoil drag will also be considered.
Molecular characterization of the<i>p100</i>gene of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>strain PKo (1993)

The p100 gene coding for the p100 protein of Borrelia burgdorferi strain PKo has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. An open reading frame including upstream and downstream sequences with potential translation and transcription signals could be identified. The reading frame consists of 1989 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 663 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 75.8 kDa. The protein has a leader peptide and is processed without modification at the N-terminus. A high percentage of amino acid sequence identity could be found to the high-molecular mass protein p83/p93 of B. burgdorferi strain B31.
Removal of Nitrate by ‘Asphyxiant Absorbent Filtration’ and Carbon Addition (2009)

Nitrogen removal using a new technology suitable for smaller and isolated flows is being tested at commercial sites in Ontario. The ‘WaterNOx’ system is a variant of the ‘post-anoxic’ biological anoxic filtration (BAF) process with carbon source addition to nitrified effluent (e.g., Crites and Tchobanoglous, 1998). The system utilizes absorbent filter medium in asphyxiant, stagnant air conditions to form an ‘anoxic absorbent filter’ (AAF). This article describes the nitrification-denitrification system retrofitted into existing commercial sewage treatment systems (Figure 1), using three carbon sources and different loading rates, discusses observed alkalinity stoichiometry, and predicts results expected at various stages of the process.
Fibrolytic enzymes increase fiber digestibility and growth rate of steers fed dry forages (1995)

Seventy-two steers (289 kg) were offered ad libitum cubed alfalfa hay, cubed timothy hay, or barley silage supplemented with incremental levels of xylanase (IU) and cellulase (FPU), combined in a ratio of 1 IU:0.04 FPU. For alfalfa hay, low and moderate levels (900 to 4733 IU kg −1 DM) increased weight gain by up to 30% (P < 0.10), whereas, for timothy hay, the highest level (12 000 IU kg −1 DM) improved gain (P < 0.10) by 36%. No response to enzymes was observed for barley silage. Fibrolytic enzymes improve weight gain of cattle but optimal enzyme levels depend upon the type of forage. Key words: Beef cattle, forages, enzymes, cellulase, xylanase, carbohydrases
Field effect real space transfer transistor (1995)

We report demonstration of the first field effect real space transfer transistor (FERST), a gated real space carrier transfer device. It is a dual output, multifunctional device which, depending on region of operation, demonstrates either of three characteristics: traditional FET transconductance, sign reversing transconductance, or dual output with near complimentary transconductances. Additionally, the FERST structure provides a new means for exploring the physics of real space transfer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The optical gain lever: A novel gain mechanism in the direct modulation of quantum well semiconductor lasers (1989)

A new gain mechanism active in certain quantum well laser diode structures is demonstrated and explained theoretically. It enhances the modulation amplitude produced by either optical or electrical modulation of quantum well structures. In the devices tested, power gains of 6 dB were measured from low frequency to frequencies of several gigahertz. Higher gains may be possible in optimized structures.
<i>Q</i>-band loop-gap resonator (1986)

The upper frequency for loop-gap resonators intended for use in electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy has been extended to Q band (35 GHz). A practical structure is described containing sample support, frequency tuning, and variable coupling. A typical sample volume is 39 nL. High-energy densities (15 GW−1/2) were achieved. As found previously at X band, Q-band loop-gap resonators permit observation of the dispersion with minimal demodulation of phase noise originating in the klystron. Theoretical calculations of the resonant frequency, Q, and the filling factor are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
The Jacobi MIMO Channel (2012)

This paper presents a new fading model for multi-input multi-output channels: the Jacobi fading model. It asserts that <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</b> , the transfer matrix which couples the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mt</i> inputs into <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> outputs, is a submatrix of an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> × <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> random (Haar-distributed) unitary matrix. The (squared) singular values of <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</b> follow the law of the classical Jacobi ensemble of random matrices, hence the name of the channel. One motivation to define such a channel comes from multimode/multicore optical fiber communication. It turns out that this model can be qualitatively different from the Rayleigh model, leading to interesting practical and theoretical results. This paper first evaluates the ergodic capacity of the channel. Then, it considers the nonergodic case, where it analyzes the outage probability and the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. In the case where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> = <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> + <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> > 0, it is shown that at least <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> degrees of freedom are guaranteed not to fade for any channel realization, enabling a zero-outage probability or infinite diversity order at the corresponding rates. A simple scheme utilizing (a possibly outdated) channel state feedback is provided, attaining the no-outage guarantee. Finally, noting that as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> increases, the Jacobi model approaches the Rayleigh model, the paper discusses the applicability of the model in other communication scenarios.
Development and certification of chromic acid-free anodizing process for aircraft grade aluminium alloys (2021)

Chromic acid (Cr 6+ ) anodization process is widely used for the corrosion protection of aircraft aluminium alloys. Hexavalent chromium being toxic in nature need to be phased out by eco-friendly alternatives. In the present study modified tartaric-sulphuric acid (TSA) process has been developed followed by sealing in permanganate based bath to obtain 4 to 6 µm thick anodic oxide layer on 2024-T3, 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminium alloys. The process was carried out using a pilot scale anodizing plant. The anodized specimens were characterized for visual observation, thickness, adhesion, electrical breakdown voltage, corrosion resistance and tensile behaviour. All the tests were carried out as per MIL-A-8625F specifications. The specimens were also subjected for about 800 hrs to real time corrosion testing, 200 metres away from sea shore at Mandapam Camp, Rameshwaram, India. The performance of the permanganate sealed TSA anodized aluminium alloys are comparable with that of the conventional chromic acid anodized coatings. This chromic acid-free anodization process has been qualified to airworthiness regulating standards by Indian military certification authorities. Efforts are in progress to commercialize this technology for use on aero platforms.
Nondestructive graphic cursors and light-pen tracking on AC gas-discharge display panels (1977)

Interactive graphic displays need a displayed cursor such as a cross-hair to provide the system user with feedback of the system's point of attention. It has proven difficult to provide a movable cursor on ac gas-discharge displays without regenerating the original image each time the cursor is moved. This paper presents a new technique for displaying nondestructive cursors of various forms on gas panels and for high-speed automatic light-pen detection and tracking.
Terabit/s-class 24-channel bidirectional optical transceiver module based on TSV Si carrier for board-level interconnects (2010)

We report here on the design, fabrication and characterization of highly-integrated 3-D Optochips consisting of a Si carrier platform with 4 flip-chip attached components: two 24-channel 850-nm optoelectronic (OE) arrays (VCSELs and photodiodes) and two 24-channel CMOS ICs (receivers and laser drivers). The Si carrier incorporates three copper wiring levels for interconnection between the CMOS ICs and the OE arrays, and a dense array of electrical through-silicon-vias (TSVs) for the off-carrier dc and high-speed electrical connections. In addition, to allow optical transmission through the silicon carrier, 150-μm diameter “optical vias” (holes) are etched through the carrier at the locations of the optoelectronic array elements. The ICs and OEs are designed for 10-15 Gb/s operation to provide 48-channel modules with bidirectional aggregate bandwidths of 240 to 360 Gb/s. Optochips based on TSV Si carriers with flip-chip bonded ICs and OEs have been assembled using AuSn solder. DC characterization verified electrically and optically operative Optochips with 24 VCSELs and 24 photodiodes (PDs). Assembly of the Optochips to a high-speed, high-density organic carrier to form the full optical modules has also been developed and demonstrated. The Si carrier TSV technology is key to enabling the bonding of the Optochip to the organic carrier using a C4 solder process. Initial high-speed characterization of the complete module showed receiver channels operating at 12.5 Gb/s and transmitter channels operating up to 15 Gb/s. This is the first demonstration of Terabus optical modules with dense 24 TX + 24 RX transceiver Optochips based on TSV Si carriers.
The Prevention of Breast Cancer through Reduced Ovarian Steroid Exposure (1992)

Analysis of epidemiologic data on cancers of the breast, ovary and endometrium; the effects of endogenous hormones on cell proliferation; and current carcinogenesis concepts, suggest that hormonal contraceptives can be developed that will reduce lifetime risk of all 3 cancers. The 'unopposed-estrogen hypothesis' accounts for endometrial cancer risk factors. Ovarian cancer risk is closely related to the total frequency of ovulation. The risk of breast cancer can be explained by an 'estrogen-plus-progestogen hypothesis'. On the basis of this analysis an hormonal contraceptive regimen has been developed consisting of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHA) plus continuous low-dose add-back estrogen and a short course of progestogen every fourth month. The total dose of add-back estrogen is estimated to be approximately 38% that in present-day low-dose combination-type oral contraceptives (COCs). The total dose of progestogen is approximately 15% that in COCs. This regimen prevents ovulation and should thus reduce ovarian cancer risk. It also reduces the exposure of the endometrium to unopposed estrogen, and the exposure of the breast to estrogen-plus-progestogen. It is estimated that use of such a regimen for 10 years will only reduce lifetime risk of endometrial cancer by one-sixth, but lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is estimated to be reduced by two-thirds, and lifetime risk of breast cancer is estimated to be reduced by one-half.
T <sub>reg</sub> cells—the next frontier of cell therapy (2018)

Will regulatory T cells be a frontline therapy for autoimmunity and other diseases?
Design of a high efficiency, large stroke, electromechanical actuator (1999)

Large stroke, electromechanical actuator designs are considered. Special emphasis is placed on actuators designed to power a trailing edge servo-flap system for feedback control of helicopter rotor vibration, acoustics and aerodynamic performance. A survey was conducted comparing the advantages and disadvantages of a number of actuator designs. The major conclusions from this survey indicate that any successful actuator design will utilize a high bandwidth active material, produce large amplification of the active material stroke and incorporate a simple compressive pre-stress mechanism, while remaining efficient in a mass normalized sense. The mass efficiency, defined as the ratio of the specific work performed by the actuator to the specific energy available in the active material element, was used as a metric to rate the actuators considered in the survey. This metric is appropriate in aerospace applications where weight is critical. The most feasible discrete actuators are those where the active material reacts against an inert support frame housing. An upper bound on the mass efficiency of this type of actuator is shown to be a function of the ratio of active material to frame specific modulus. A new high efficiency discrete actuator, the X-frame actuator, is described. A prototype of this actuator was built and tested to confirm the predicted performance. The prototype demonstrates an output energy density of 14.6 ft lb/slug. It has a bandwidth of about 540 Hz when driving a nearly impedance-matched load.
Tackling bufferbloat in 3G/4G mobile networks (2012)

With the exponential growth of hand-held devices like smart phones and tablet computers, a deep investigation of TCP performance in cellular networks is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we conducted extensive measurements over the 3G/4G networks of four major U.S. carriers as well as the largest carrier in Korea and discovered a significant problem: the bufferbloat in cellular networks nullifies loss-based congestion control and allows excessive growth of the TCP congestion window, resulting in extremely long delays and throughput degradation. To alleviate this issue, smart phone vendors put an upper bound on the sender’s congestion window by advertising a static receive window smaller than the actual receive buffer size. This simple trick helps mitigate the problem, but has fundamental limitations due to its static nature. In this paper, we propose a dynamic receive window adjustment (DRWA) algorithm to improve TCP performance over bufferbloated cellular networks. According to our extensive real-world tests, DRWA may reduce the delay by 25 ∼ 49% in general cases and increase TCP throughput by up to 51% in some specific scenarios. Since DRWA requires modification at the client side (e.g., smart phones) only and is fully compatible with existing TCP protocol, it is immediately deployable.
MicroRNA gene expression signatures in long-surviving malignant pleural mesothelioma patients (2016)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a tumor originating in the mesothelium, the membrane lining the thoracic cavities, and is induced by exposure to asbestos. Australia suffers one of the world's highest rates of MPM and the incidence is yet to peak. The prognosis for patients with MPM is poor and median survival following diagnosis is 4-18 months. Currently, no or few effective therapies exist for MPM. Trials of targeted agents such as antiangiogenic agents (VEGF, EGFR) or ribonuclease inhibitors (ranpirnase) largely failed to show efficacy in MPM Tsao et al. (2009) [1]. A recent study, however, showed that cisplatin/pemetrexed + bevacizumab (a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibit VEGF) treatment has a survival benefit of 2.7 months Zalcman et al. (2016) [2]. It remains to be seen if this targeted therapy will be accepted as a new standard for MPM. Thus the unmet needs of MPM patients remain very pronounced and almost every patient will be confronted with drug resistance and recurrence of disease. We have identified unique gene signatures associated with prolonged survival in mesothelioma patients undergoing radical surgery (EPP, extrapleural pneumonectomy), as well as patients who underwent palliative surgery (pleurectomy/decortication). In addition to data published in Molecular Oncology, 2015;9:715-26 (GSE59180) Kirschner et al. (2015) , we describe here additional data using a system-based approach that support our previous observations. This data provides a resource to further explore microRNA dynamics in MPM.
Hybrid III-V/SOI Optoelectronic Laser Module (2016)

We report a compact laser on-chip module that is hybrid integrated with photonic circuits. Arrays of III-V MQW lasers were flip-chip bonded onto an SOI interposer along with micro-machined mirrors for optical coupling into a dedicated grating coupler array. This is a new wafer-scale opto-electronic integration platform enabling photonic links with built-in high efficiency light sources.
The Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Genes: a Common Structural Arrangement Underlies the Mechanisms for Generating Receptor Forms That Differ in Their Third Immunoglobulin Domain (1991)

To determine the mechanisms by which multiple forms of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors are generated, we have mapped the arrangement of exons and introns in the human FGF receptor 1 (FGFR 1) gene (flg). We found three alternative exons encoding a portion of the third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the receptor. One of these alternatives encodes a sequence that is part of a secreted form of FGFR 1. The other two encode sequences that are likely part of transmembrane forms of FGFR 1. One of these forms has not been previously reported in published cDNAs. Also, we have determined the structural organization of a portion of the human FGFR 2 gene (bek) and found a similar arrangement of alternative exons for the third Ig-like domain. The arrangement of these genes suggests that there are conserved mechanisms governing the expression of secreted FGF receptors as well as the expression of at least two distinct membrane-spanning forms of the FGF receptors. The diverse forms appear to be generated by alternative splicing of mRNA and selective use of polyadenylation signals.
Biomolecule Labeling and Imaging with a New Fluorenyl Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe (2009)

Closely involved in the progression of nonlinear bioimaging is the development of optical probes for investigating biological function and activity. Introduction of new fluorescent compounds possessing enhanced nonlinearities is essential for advancing the utility of two-photon absorption (2PA) processes in the biological sciences. Herein, we report the synthesis of fluorene-based fluorophores tailored for multiphoton imaging, incorporating the succinimidyl ester and thioester functionality as reactive linkers for further coupling with a wide variety of biologically relevant molecules. The succinimidyl ester amine reactive probe was conjugated with the cyclic peptide RGDfK and polyclonal antirat IgG protein. Upon conjugation, the basic molecular architecture and photophysical properties of the active 2PA chromophore remain unchanged. Conventional and two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) imaging of COS-7 and HeLa cells, incubated with either the fluorene-RGD peptide conjugate or the fluorene-IgG conjugate, was demonstrated. The fluorene-IgG conjugate was used to image cell spindles at early mitotic developmental stages.