gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PVT1 Exon 9: A Potential Biomarker of Aggressive Prostate Cancer? (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the greatest source of cancer-related mortality in males of African ancestry (MoAA). Interestingly, this has been shown to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms around regions 2 and 3 of the 8q24 human chromosomal region. The non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa and, therefore, is also a candidate biomarker to explain the well-known disparity in this group. PVT1 has at least 12 exons that make separate transcripts which may have different functions, all of which are at present unknown in PCa. Our aim was to determine if any PVT1 transcripts play a role in aggressiveness and racial disparity in PCa. We used a panel of seven PCa cell lines including three derived from MoAA. Ribonucleic acid extraction, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to evaluate expression of all 12 PVT1 exons. Each qPCR was performed in quadruplicates. At least four separate qPCR experiments were performed. Expression of PVT1 exons was inconsistent except for exon 9. There was no significant difference in exon 9 expression between cell lines derived from Caucasian males (CM), and an indolent cell line derived from MoAA. However, exon 9 expression in the aggressive MDA PCa 2b and E006AA-hT cell lines derived from MoAA was significantly higher than in other cell lines. Consequently, we observed differential expression of exon 9 of PVT1 in a manner that suggests that PVT1 exon 9 may be associated with aggressive PCa in MoAA.
Broadband capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers ranging from 10 kHz to 60 MHz for imaging arrays and more (2003)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have long been studied. Past research has shown that CMUTs indeed have remarkable features such as wide bandwidth and high efficiency. This paper introduces an inclusion to the CMUT technology that uses the wafer-bonding technique to fabricate membranes on silicon. This new technology enables the fabrication of large membranes with large gaps, and expands the frequency span of CMUTs to 10 kHz in the low end. CMUT devices with different frequency spans are fabricated using both technologies, and tested. Electromechanical coupling efficiency, k/sub T//sup 2/, value as high as 0.85 and fractional immersion bandwidth as wide as 175 % are measured.
Utilization of in-depth photon counting detectors towards x-ray spectral imaging: The benefits from the depth information (2014)

The in-depth photon counting x-ray detector (PCXD) is a multi-layer detector arrangement which has been introduced to tackle photon count rate limitations of current systems. The capability of resolving photon detections along the detector's depth direction enables multiple measurements in a single scan with energy information that could be potentially utilized for x-ray spectral imaging. The benefit of this depth information has not been explored. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of in-depth PCXDs for dual material decomposition and compared it against single layer detectors. Common semiconductor materials (Si, GaAs and CdTe) were assessed, with imperfect energy response modeled. We demonstrate that depth information is useful if spectral distortion is present. The benefits depend on how the detector is segmented in the depth direction.
Spatial interaction with haptic holograms (2003)

We present a comprehensive report of our work in the design and implementation of systems that combine holography with haptic feedback. Two separate holo-haptic systems are described. First, we describe a static system wherein a user can see a free-standing static holographic image and inspect its shape using a force-feedback stylus. In the second system, visual display is provided by a dynamic holographic video system, and the user can modify the geometry of the image in near real time. We also suggest a preliminary set of guidelines for presenting physically believable multimodal simulations in coincident visual-haptic workspaces.
Real-Time Measurement of in Vitro Peptide Binding to Soluble HLA-A*0201 by Fluorescence Polarization (2004)

Measuring the interaction of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and their peptide epitopes acts as a guide for the development of vaccines, diagnostics, and immune-based therapies. Here, we report the development of a sensitive biochemical assay that relies upon fluorescence polarization to indicate peptide interactions with recombinant soluble HLA proteins. It is a cell- and radioisotope-free assay that has the advantage of allowing the direct, real-time measurement of the ratio between free and bound peptide ligand in solution without separation steps. Peptide/HLA assay parameters were established using several HLA A*0201-specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peptides. Optimal loading of synthetic peptides into fully assembled soluble HLA-A*0201 complexes was enabled by thermal destabilization at 53 degrees C for 15 min, demonstrating that efficient peptide exchange does not require the removal of endogenous peptides from the reaction environment. An optimal ratio of three beta-2 microglobulin molecules per single HLA heavy chain was determined to maximize peptide binding. Kinetic binding studies indicate that soluble HLA-A*0201/peptide interactions are characterized by a range of moderate k(on) values (1 x 10(4) to 8.7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) and slow k(off) values (1.9 x 10(-4) to 4.3 x 10(-4) s(-1)), consistent with parameters for native HLA molecules. Testing of the A*0201-specific peptides with 48 additional class I molecules demonstrates that the unique peptide binding behavior of individual HLA molecules is maintained in the assay. This assay therefore represents a versatile tool for characterizing the binding of peptide epitopes during the development of class I HLA-based vaccines and immune therapies.
<title>White-light-emitting diodes for illumination</title> (2000)

White light for illumination can be produced from LEDs either by combining red, green and blue emitting chips in one lamp, or by using phosphors to down-convert the emission of short wavelength emitting InGaN LEDs. Both concepts will be critically reviewed, and simulations compared with experimental evaluations. As expected, each solution has advantages, but also drawbacks, which are weighted by the specifics of the applications. The overall picture strongly depends on the efficiencies of the single color chips, the temperature coefficients of all involved materials, and the wanted light output per lamp.
Innovative Hybrid Cycle Solid Oxide Fuel Cell‐Inverted Gas Turbine with CO<sub>2</sub> Separation (2011)

Abstract Decentralized power generation and cogeneration of heat and power is an attractive way toward a more rational conversion of fossil or biofuel. In small‐scale power production fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid cycles are an emerging candidate to reach higher or comparable efficiency than large‐scale power plants. The present contribution introduces an innovative concept of hybrid cycle that allows targeting high efficiency together with carbon dioxide separation and maintaining the fuel cell operating under atmospheric condition. The system consists in a planar module of solid oxide fuel cell operating at atmospheric pressure, an oxy‐combustion unit, and two separated gas turbine units driven in an inverted Brayton cycle. A thermodynamic optimization approach, based on the system energy integration, is used to analyze several design options. Optimization results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system enables higher energy conversion efficiency with respect to an equivalent state of the art pressurized hybrid system, whilst avoiding fuel cell pressurization technical problems, and enabling the carbon dioxide separation. The potential of designs achieving 80% First Law efficiency is shown.
A series of methods for the systematic reduction of phishing (2011)

Phishing continues to expand as efforts to thwart attacks are ineffective and criminals behind these scams operate with apparent impunity. In order to address both issues, this research provides three steps towards the reduction of phishing: identifying phishing websites, collecting phishing evidence, and correlating the phishing incidents. The first step is to identify phishing websites automatically. Experimental results demonstrate that content-based algorithms can classify phishing websites with greater than 90% detection rates while maintaining low false-positive rates. Next, the development of custom software collects additional information and evidence about these phishing websites. In the final step, this research offers two novel algorithms to be employed as clustering metrics for phishing website content. The three steps in this research reduce phishing by blocking potential victims from the malicious content through email filters and browser-based toolbars, gathering evidence against the criminal(s) that is usable by incident investigators, and revealing relationships between phishing websites that can provide investigators with deeper knowledge of phishing activity and thus help to prioritize their apparently, limited resources.
On Adaptive Control of Uncertain Dynamical Systems in the Presence of Actuator Dynamics and Amplitude Saturation Limits (2019)

In this paper, we propose a model reference adaptive control approach for uncertain dynamical systems in the presence of both actuator dynamics and actuator amplitude saturation limits. Specifically, we use a new expanded reference model including a deficit term between the ideal control signal and its saturated version. Closed-loop system stability of the proposed approach utilizing this expanded reference model is analyzed using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and Lyapunov theory, where the resulting stability conditions capture the interplay between the allowable actuator dynamics, actuator amplitude saturation limits, initial conditions, and the system uncertainties. An illustrative numerical example is further provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
A minimum spanning tree-based approach for reducing verification collisions in self-organizing networks (2016)

The verification of Configuration Management (CM) changes has become an important step in the operation of a mobile Self-Organizing Network (SON). Typically, a verification mechanism operates in three phases. At first, it partitions the network into verification areas, then it triggers an anomaly detection algorithm for those areas, and finally generates CM undo requests for the abnormally performing ones. Those requests set the CM parameters to a previous stable state. However, verification areas may overlap and share anomalous cells which results in a verification collision. As a consequence, the verification mechanism is not able to simultaneously deploy the undo requests since there is an uncertainty which to execute and which to potentially omit. In such a case, it has to serialize the deployment process and resolve the collisions. This procedure, though, can be negatively impacted if unnecessary collisions are processed, since they might delay the execution of the queued CM undo requests. To overcome this issue, we propose an approach for changing the size of the verification areas with respect to the detected collisions. We achieve our goal by using a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)-based clustering approach that is able to group similarly behaving cells together. Based on the group they have been assigned to, we remove cells from a verification area and prevent false positive collisions from being further processed. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed solution in two different scenarios. First, we highlight its benefits by applying it on CM and Performance Management (PM) data collected from a real Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. Second, in a simulation study we show how it positively affects the network performance after eliminating the false positives.
Laser-enhanced flame ionization detector (1987)

A laser-enhanced flame ionization detector is proposed which promises to retain the desirable properties of conventional flame ionization detectors while providing significantly lower detection limits. Experiments are described which demonstrate laser enhancement of the flame ionization detector response. Realization of the full potential sensitivity of the laser-enhanced flame ionization detector requires significant modifications to permit effective saturation of the laser absorption over a major fraction of the flame ionization zone.
Ethanol extraction of oil from dry-milled corn: process optimization and rheological properties of the extract. (2002)

Corn oil was extracted from whole ground corn using ethanol as the solvent. The yield ofoil was measured as a function of temperature, time of extraction, solvent-to-solids ratio, and ethanolconcentration. Optimum conditions were a solvent-to-solids ratio of 4 mL/g corn, and ethanolconcentration of 100%, 30 minutes of extraction time and a temperature of 50 degrees Celcius.Under these conditions, a single batch extraction yields about 3.3 grams oil per 100 grams corn,equivalent to an extraction efficiency of 70%. A 3-stage extraction, where the corn is exposed tofresh ethanol, results in a yield of about 4.5 grams per 100 grams of corn, equivalent to an oil yield of93% and 2.5 pounds per bushel of corn. When the same ethanol was used to extract fresh corn, itresulted in a linear uptake of moisture by the ethanol from the corn in successive stages. Thisresulted in a decrease in oil yield and an increase in non-oil components being extracted. Inaddition, the density and viscosity of the extract obtained by using the optimum parameters forextraction was determined over the temperature range from 30 degrees to 70 degrees Celcius. Theresponse to increasing temperature was for each property to decrease in a linear fashion. Theresponse for both density and viscosity also appears to be significantly different from ethanol alone.
Robust multicarrier spread spectrum technique for data transmission over partially jammed channels (2005)

Multicarrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) is an alternative to the conventional spread spectrum (SS) techniques that behaves significantly better when the system is subject to narrowband or partial-band interference. However successful implementation of the optimum detector requires knowledge of noise and interference variance in each subcarrier band. In this correspondence, we propose a suboptimal detector for MC-SS that keeps the significant gain of MC-SS over the conventional SS, with a relatively low loss compared to the optimum MC-SS detector. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations that corroborate the theory are presented.
A hybrid temporal-SNR fine-granular scalability for Internet video (2001)

Transmission of video over bandwidth varying networks like the Internet requires a highly scalable solution capable of adapting to the network condition in real-time. To address this requirement, scalable video-coding schemes with multiple enhancement layers have been proposed. However, under this multiple-layer paradigm, the transmission bit-rate of each layer has to be predetermined at encoding time. Consequently, the range of bit-rates that can be covered with these compression schemes is limited and often lower than, or different from, the desired range required at transmission time. In this paper, a novel scalable video-coding framework and a corresponding compression method for Internet video streaming are introduced. Building upon the MPEG-4 SNR fine-granular-scalability (FGS) approach, the proposed framework provides a new level of abstraction between the encoding and transmission process by supporting both SNR and temporal scalability through a single enhancement layer. Therefore, our proposed approach enables streaming systems to support full SNR, full temporal, and hybrid temporal-SNR scalability in real-time depending on the available bandwidth, packet-loss patterns, user preferences, and/or receiver complexity. Moreover, our experiments revealed that the presented FGS temporal-SNR scalability has similar or better PSNR performance than the multilayer scalability schemes. Subsequently, an Internet video streaming system employing the proposed hybrid FGS-temporal scalability structure is introduced, together with a very simple, yet effective, rate-control that performs the tradeoffs between individual image quality (SNR) and motion-smoothness in real-time. The hybrid temporal-SNR scalability presented in this paper has been adopted in the MPEG-4 standard to support video-streaming applications.
On the Diversity of Secreted Phospholipases A2 (1999)

Over the last decade, an expanding diversity of secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) has been identified in mammals. Here, we report the cloning in mice of three additional sPLA(2)s called mouse group IIE (mGIIE), IIF (mGIIF), and X (mGX) sPLA(2)s, thus giving rise to eight distinct sPLA(2)s in this species. Both mGIIE and mGIIF sPLA(2)s contain the typical cysteines of group II sPLA(2)s, but have relatively low levels of identity (less than 51%) with other mouse sPLA(2)s, indicating that these enzymes are novel group II sPLA(2)s. However, a unique feature of mGIIF sPLA(2) is the presence of a C-terminal extension of 23 amino acids containing a single cysteine. mGX sPLA(2) has 72% identity with the previously cloned human group X (hGX) sPLA(2) and displays similar structural features, making it likely that mGX sPLA(2) is the ortholog of hGX sPLA(2). Genes for mGIIE and mGIIF sPLA(2)s are located on chromosome 4, and that of mGX sPLA(2) on chromosome 16. Northern and dot blot experiments with 22 tissues indicate that all eight mouse sPLA(2)s have different tissue distributions, suggesting specific functions for each. mGIIE sPLA(2) is highly expressed in uterus, and at lower levels in various other tissues. mGIIF sPLA(2) is strongly expressed during embryogenesis and in adult testis. mGX sPLA(2) is mostly expressed in adult testis and stomach. When the cDNAs for the eight mouse sPLA(2)s were transiently transfected in COS cells, sPLA(2) activity was found to accumulate in cell medium, indicating that each enzyme is secreted and catalytically active. Using COS cell medium as a source of enzymes, pH rate profile and phospholipid headgroup specificity of the novel sPLA(2)s were analyzed and compared with the other mouse sPLA(2)s.
On the Stability of Self-Injection Locked Green Tunable Laser Diode System (2019)

Effect of injection current and external-cavity length on the stability of self-injection-locked tunable InGaN/GaN green laser diode is reported. Highly stable locked modes at small 36-mA current and large 28-cm external cavity was achieved.
Optimal Use of a Panel of Methylation Markers with GSTP1 Hypermethylation in the Diagnosis of Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2004)

The use of a panel of methylation markers as an adjunct to histologic review may substantially augment prostate cancer diagnosis from needle biopsies.
Image-guided optical measurement of blood oxygen saturation within capillary vessels (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Values of blood oxygenation levels are useful for assessing heart and lung conditions, and are frequently monitored during routine patient care. Independent measurement of the oxygen saturation in capillary blood, which is significantly different from that of arterial blood, is important for diagnosing tissue hypoxia and for increasing the accuracy of existing techniques that measure arterial oxygen saturation. Here, we developed a simple, non-invasive technique for measuring the reflected spectra from individual capillary vessels within a human lip, allowing local measurement of the blood oxygen saturation. The optical setup includes a spatially incoherent broadband light that was focused onto a specific vessel below the lip surface. Backscattered light was imaged by a camera for identifying a target vessel and pointing the illumination beam to its cross section. Scattered light from the vessel was then collected by a single-mode fiber and analyzed by a fast spectrometer. Spectra acquired from small capillary vessels within a volunteer lip showed the characteristic oxyhemoglobin absorption bands in real time and with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Measuring capillary oxygen saturation using this technique would potentially be more accurate compared to existing pulse oximetry techniques due to its insensitivity to the patient’s skin color, pulse rate, motion, and medical condition. It could be used as a standalone endoscopic technique for measuring tissue hypoxia or in conjunction with conventional pulse oximetry for a more accurate measurement of oxygen transport in the body.
Toward Automated Analysis of Electrocardiogram Big Data by Graphics Processing Unit for Mobile Health Application (2017)

With the rapid development of mobile health technologies and applications in recent years, large amounts of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals that need to be processed timely have been produced. Although the CPU-based sequential automated ECG analysis algorithm (CPU-AECG) designed for identifying seven types of heartbeats has been in use for years, it is single-threaded and handling lots of concurrent ECG signals still poses a severe challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel GPU-based automated ECG analysis algorithm (GPU-AECG) to effectively shorten the program executing time. A new concurrency-based GPU-AECG, named cGPU-AECG, is also developed to handle multiple concurrent signals. Compared with the CPU-AECG, our cGPU-AECG achieves a 35 times speedup when handling 24-h-long ECG data, without reducing the classification accuracy. With cGPU-AECG, we can handle 24-h-ECG signals from thousands of users in a few seconds and provide prompt feedback, which not only greatly improves the user experience of mobile health services, but also reduces the economic cost of building healthcare platforms.
Utilization of entire bandwidth transmitted bandwidth in continuous transmission FM sonar (1984)

First Page
A realtime object tracking system using a color camera (2002)

We describe a real-time object tracking system based on a color camera and a personal computer. The system is capable of tracking colored objects in the camera view in real-time. The algorithm uses the color, shape and motion of the object to achieve robust tracking even in the presence of partial occlusion and shape change. A key component of the system is a computationally efficient manner to track colored objects which makes it possible to do robust real-time tracking.
Mode-locked 2 μm laser with highly thulium-doped silicate fiber (2009)

We report self-starting passively mode-locked fiber lasers with a saturable absorber mirror using a piece of 30-cm-long newly developed highly thulium (Tm)-doped silicate glass fibers. The mode-locked pulses operate at 1980 nm with duration of 1.5 ps and energy of 0.76 nJ. This newly developed Tm-doped silicate fiber exhibits a slope efficiency of 68.3%, an amplified spontaneous emission spectrum bandwidth (FWHM) of 92 nm, and a gain per unit length of greater than 2 dB/cm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of mode-locked 2 mum fiber laser using shorter than 1-m-long active fiber, which paves the way for the demonstration of mode-locked fiber laser at 2 mum with gigahertz fundamental repetition rate.