gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow Cathode with Electride Insert (2011)

Hollow cathodes featuring C12A7:electride as an ultra-low work function thermionic emitter are hypothesized to have faster start-up times and lower operating temperatures than conventional hollow cathodes. C12A7:electride is a crystalline ceramic in which electrons clathrated in sub-nanometer-sized cages act as a conductive medium. Due to its unique atomic structure and large lattice size, C12A7:electride has an ab initio predicted work function of 0.6 eV. As a result, C12A7:electride is an attractive option for a thermionic emission material in a hollow cathode. Calculations predict equivalent levels of current emission as LaB6 or CeB6, but at much lower temperature. C12A7:electride is stable at temperatures below its recrystallization temperature (~1270K) and is not consumed during operation. C12A7:electride has been fabricated at CSU using a simplified, one-step approach that results in a more conductive material than previously reported. The material has been integrated into a novel hollow cathode design that takes advantage of its unique properties to decrease start-up time and power consumption. Our paper will discuss preliminary results obtained with several cathode configurations. In addition, experimental measurements of the work function will be presented. To date a work function of 0.82 + 0.01 eV has been measured in initial experiments at a temperature of 570 K.
Camera selection for real‐time <i>in vivo</i> radiation treatment verification systems using Cherenkov imaging (2015)

The ICCD with an intensifier better optimized for red wavelengths was found to provide the best potential for real-time display (at least 8.6 fps) of radiation dose on the skin during treatment at a resolution of 1024 × 1024.
Computational Fragment-Based Binding Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (2009)

Fragment-based drug discovery using NMR and x-ray crystallographic methods has proven utility but also non-trivial time, materials, and labor costs. Current computational fragment-based approaches circumvent these issues but suffer from limited representations of protein flexibility and solvation effects, leading to difficulties with rigorous ranking of fragment affinities. To overcome these limitations we describe an explicit solvent all-atom molecular dynamics methodology (SILCS: Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation) that uses small aliphatic and aromatic molecules plus water molecules to map the affinity pattern of a protein for hydrophobic groups, aromatic groups, hydrogen bond donors, and hydrogen bond acceptors. By simultaneously incorporating ligands representative of all these functionalities, the method is an in silico free energy-based competition assay that generates three-dimensional probability maps of fragment binding (FragMaps) indicating favorable fragment:protein interactions. Applied to the two-fold symmetric oncoprotein BCL-6, the SILCS method yields two-fold symmetric FragMaps that recapitulate the crystallographic binding modes of the SMRT and BCOR peptides. These FragMaps account both for important sequence and structure differences in the C-terminal halves of the two peptides and also the high mobility of the BCL-6 His116 sidechain in the peptide-binding groove. Such SILCS FragMaps can be used to qualitatively inform the design of small-molecule inhibitors or as scoring grids for high-throughput in silico docking that incorporate both an atomic-level description of solvation and protein flexibility.
Convolutional compaction of test responses (2004)

This paper introduces a finite memory compactor called convolutional compactor that provides compaction ratios of test responses in excess of 100x even for a very small number of outputs. This is combined with the capability to detect multiple errors, handling of unknown states, and the ability to diagnose failing scan cells directly from compacted responses. A convolutional compactor can be easily configured into a MISR that preserves most of these properties. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of compaction for several industrial circuits.
Prospects for HIV-1 therapeutic immunisation and vaccination: the potential contribution of peptide immunogens (2008)

Synthetic peptide immunogens are amenable to modification to improve immunogenicity and reactivity to multiple virus subtypes. Ideally peptide immunogens should incorporate combinations that target restricted, relevant polyfunctional epitopes to regions of HIV-1 associated with control of infection. Peptides showing a beneficial effect following therapeutic immunisation may provide the basis for a future preventative vaccine.
Protective effects of histidine during ischemia-reperfusion in isolated perfused rat hearts (1993)

We investigated the efficacy of histidine in reducing ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury in isolated perfused rat hearts. In I/R hearts, the contractile function and coronary flow were 59 +/- 10 and 78 +/- 6% of control. Perfusion with histidine resulted in significant increase in contractility (94 +/- 4%) and coronary flow (92 +/- 4%). The incidence of arrhythmias during reperfusion was 100% (10 out of 10) in the I/R hearts with an average duration of 12.22 +/- 1.55 (SE) min. The duration of arrhythmias was shortened to 8.24 +/- 1.46, 2.15 +/- 0.9, and 2.49 +/- 1.50 min with 10, 25, and 50 mM histidine, respectively. The duration of sinus rhythm increased from 6.26 +/- 1.56 min in I/R hearts to 10.66 +/- 1.55, 14.99 +/- 1.61, and 17.18 +/- 0.95, and 11.73 +/- 0.93 min after perfusion with 10, 25, and 50 mM histidine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase-mannitol, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed significant ultrastructural damage of myocytes in I/R hearts, which included swelling of the mitochondria and disruption of both the sarcolemma and the myofibrils. Histidine reduced the ultrastructural damage in a dose-dependent fashion. In general, the protective effect of histidine was superior than SOD-catalase-mannitol. We conclude that histidine protects myocardium against I/R damage most likely by a singlet oxygen scavenging mechanism.
Gut bacteria in children with autism spectrum disorders: challenges and promise of studying how a complex community influences a complex disease (2015)

Recent studies suggest a role for the microbiota in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), potentially arising from their role in modulating the immune system and gastrointestinal (GI) function or from gut-brain interactions dependent or independent from the immune system. GI problems such as chronic constipation and/or diarrhea are common in children with ASD, and significantly worsen their behavior and their quality of life. Here we first summarize previously published data supporting that GI dysfunction is common in individuals with ASD and the role of the microbiota in ASD. Second, by comparing with other publically available microbiome datasets, we provide some evidence that the shifted microbiota can be a result of westernization and that this shift could also be framing an altered immune system. Third, we explore the possibility that gut-brain interactions could also be a direct result of microbially produced metabolites.
Clickthrough-based latent semantic models for web search (2011)

This paper presents two new document ranking models for Web search based upon the methods of semantic representation and the statistical translation-based approach to information retrieval (IR). Assuming that a query is parallel to the titles of the documents clicked on for that query, large amounts of query-title pairs are constructed from clickthrough data; two latent semantic models are learned from this data. One is a bilingual topic model within the language modeling framework. It ranks documents for a query by the likelihood of the query being a semantics-based translation of the documents. The semantic representation is language independent and learned from query-title pairs, with the assumption that a query and its paired titles share the same distribution over semantic topics. The other is a discriminative projection model within the vector space modeling framework. Unlike Latent Semantic Analysis and its variants, the projection matrix in our model, which is used to map from term vectors into sematic space, is learned discriminatively such that the distance between a query and its paired title, both represented as vectors in the projected semantic space, is smaller than that between the query and the titles of other documents which have no clicks for that query. These models are evaluated on the Web search task using a real world data set. Results show that they significantly outperform their corresponding baseline models, which are state-of-the-art.
Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol For Re-optimization of Loosely Routed Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering LSPs (2014)

For a Traffic Engineered (TE) point-to-multipoint (P2MP) Label
Switched Path (LSP), it is preferable in some cases to re-evaluate and
re-optimize the entire P2MP-TE LSP by re-signaling all its Source-to-
Leaf (S2L) sub-LSP(s). Existing mechanisms, a mechanism for an ingress
Label Switched Router (LSR) to trigger a new path re- evaluation
request and a mechanism for a mid-point LSR to notify an availability
of a preferred path, operate on an individual or a sub- group of S2L
sub-LSP(s) basis only. This document defines RSVP-TE signaling
extensions to allow an ingress node of a P2MP-TE LSP to request the
re-evaluation of the entire LSP tree containing one or more S2L sub-
LSPs whose paths are loose (or abstract) hop expanded, and for a mid-
point LSR to notify to the ingress node that a preferable tree exists
for the entire P2MP-TE LSP. This document also defines markers to
indicate beginning and end of a S2L sub-LSP descriptor list when RSVP
message needs to be fragmented due to large number of S2L sub-LSPs
when performing re-optimization.
Video-rate D/A converter using reduced rate sigma-delta modulation (2002)

Full 5-MHz-bandwidth video-signal is converted from digital-to-analog by a novel sigma-delta modulation technique at an equivalent PCM-precision of 8 bits. This new type of signal processing allows the sigma-delta modulator to operate at 54-MHz, which is about a quarter of the rate that would be required in equivalent conventional configurations. Owing to the reduced clock frequency, the power dissipation of the D/A converter is as low as 15 mW.
No Reference Video-Quality-Assessment Model for Monitoring Video Quality of IPTV Services (2012)

Service providers should monitor the quality of experience of a communication service in real time to confirm its status. To do this, we previously proposed a packet-layer model that can be used for monitoring the average video quality of typical Internet protocol television content using parameters derived from transmitted packet headers. However, it is difficult to monitor the video quality per user using the average video quality because video quality depends on the video content. To accurately monitor the video quality per user, a model that can be used for estimating the video quality per video content rather than the average video quality should be developed. Therefore, to take into account the impact of video content on video quality, we propose a model that calculates the difference in video quality between the video quality of the estimation-target video and the average video quality estimated using a packet-layer model. We first conducted extensive subjective quality assessments for different codecs and video sequences. We then model their characteristics based on parameters related to compression and packet loss. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed model by applying it to unknown data sets different from the training data sets used for developing the model.
A design approach for a power plant feedwater control system (1983)

A design approach for a nuclear power plant feedwater control system is presented. Manual operations and high probability actuator failures are addressed by the controller modes. Boolean variables are used in the observer in modeling process structure changes, such as pumps being manually taken offline and control valves failing wide open. The observer generates estimates of unknown plant disturbances which are used in a modified feedforward control scheme. The modified feedforward control makes the design of many modes of control analytically tractable. Results from testing the controller design on a high order, detailed plant model are presented.
Solution Chemistry Engineering toward High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

Organic and inorganic hybrid perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have emerged as a revolutionary class of light-absorbing semiconductors that has demonstrated a rapid increase in efficiency within a few years of active research. Controlling perovskite morphology and composition has been found critical to developing high-performance perovskite solar cells. The recent development of solution chemistry engineering has led to fabrication of greater than 15-17%-efficiency solar cells by multiple groups, with the highest certified 17.9% efficiency that has significantly surpassed the best-reported perovskite solar cell by vapor-phase growth. In this Perspective, we review recent progress on solution chemistry engineering processes and various control parameters that are critical to the success of solution growth of high-quality perovskite films. We discuss the importance of understanding the impact of solution-processing parameters and perovskite film architectures on the fundamental charge carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells. The cost and stability issues of perovskite solar cells will also be discussed.
LipL21 Is a Novel Surface-Exposed Lipoprotein of Pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> Species (2003)

Leptospira is the etiologic agent of leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis distributed worldwide. Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is a protective immunogen, but the extensive serological diversity of leptospires has inspired a search for conserved outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that may stimulate heterologous immunity. Previously, a global analysis of leptospiral OMPs (P. A. Cullen, S. J. Cordwell, D. M. Bulach, D. A. Haake, and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 70:2311-2318, 2002) identified pL21, a novel 21-kDa protein that is the second most abundant constituent of the Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai outer membrane proteome. In this study, we identified the gene encoding pL21 and found it to encode a putative lipoprotein; accordingly, the protein was renamed LipL21. Southern hybridization analysis revealed the presence of lipL21 in all of the pathogenic species but in none of the saprophytic species examined. Alignment of the LipL21 sequence from six strains of Leptospira revealed 96 to 100% identity. When specific polyclonal antisera to recombinant LipL21 were used, LipL21 was isolated together with other known leptospiral OMPs by both Triton X-114 extraction and sucrose density gradient membrane fractionation. All nine strains of pathogenic leptospires investigated by Western blotting, whether culture attenuated or virulent, were found to express LipL21. In contrast, the expression of LipL21 or an antigenically related protein could not be detected in nonpathogenic L. biflexa. Infected hamster sera and two of eight human leptospirosis sera tested were found to react with recombinant LipL21. Native LipL21 was found to incorporate tritiated palmitic acid, consistent with the prediction of a lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. Biotinylation of the leptospiral surface resulted in selective labeling of LipL21 and the previously known OMPs LipL32 and LipL41. These findings show that LipL21 is a surface-exposed, abundant outer membrane lipoprotein that is expressed during infection and conserved among pathogenic Leptospira species.
Anaerobic Digestion: Biology and Benefits (2005)

Anaerobic digestion is an engineered methanogenic decomposition of organic matter under oxygen-free conditions and involves a mixed consortium of different species of anaerobic microoganisms that transform organic matter into biogas. The process is successfully used for the treatment of municipal sludge, animal manure, industrial sludge, and industrial and municipal wastewaters. Applications of anaerobic digestion for waste treatment produce significant benefits beyond simple waste removal. These benefits include both energy production and energy conservation. In addition to waste removal, other environmental benefits result from anaerobic digestion including odor reduction, pathogen control, minimizing sludge production, conservation of nutrients, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fossil fuels, use of renewable resources represents a closed carbon cycle and therefore does not contribute to increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. Replacement of fossil fuels also reduces atmospheric pollutants responsible for acid rain. Thus, anaerobic digestion is both a waste treatment
Switchable radioactive neutron source (1986)

A portable neutron source that can be switched on and off or pulsed at a controllable rate could have a number of uses; as a timely example, it could provide the neutron beam for an (n,..gamma..) interrogator to check luggage for explosives at airports. Other applications include thermal neutron activation and medical diagnostics. Such a source is under design. It employs a radioactive alpha emitter to produce neutrons in an (..cap alpha..,n) reaction, giving it considerable advantages in size, weight, and reliability in comparison with accelerator-based neutron generators, which have bulky ancillary equipment, tend to require frequent maintenance, and do not have a long lifetime in the field. Since a switchable radioactive source can be turned off for transportation and storage, the shielding requirements will be less stringent than for conventional (..cap alpha..,n) and (..gamma..,n) neutron sources, in which the radioactive substance and the neutron emitter are intimately and permanently mixed.
Characterization and reduction of saturation banding in multiplanar coherent and incoherent steady‐state imaging (2010)

Hypointense band artifacts occur at intersections of nonparallel imaging planes in rapidly acquired MR images; quantitative or numerical analysis of these bands and strategies to mitigate their appearance have largely gone unexplored. The magnetization evolution in the different regions of multiplanar images was simulated for three common rapid steady-state techniques (spoiled gradient echo, steady state free precession, balanced steady state free precession). Saturation banding was found to be highly dependent on the pulse sequence, acquisition time, and phase-encoding order. Encoding the center of k-space at the end of the acquisition of each slice (i.e., reverse centric phase encoding) is demonstrated to be a simple and robust method for significantly reducing the relative saturation in all imaging planes. View ordering and resolution dependence were confirmed in multiplanar abdominal images. The added importance of reducing the artifact in accelerated acquisition techniques (e.g., parallel imaging) is particularly notable in multiplanar balanced steady state free precession images in the brain.
Collision-free 6D non-holonomic planning for nested cannulas (2009)

Natural orifice access is the next frontier in minimally invasive technology. This requires dexterity for reaching through complex translumenal paths to a target. We propose a fast algorithm to define shapes of tiny, Nested Cannula devices based on patient CT images to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and apply it to deep lung access. Each pre-shaped tube is extended sequentially in either a curved or a straight direction, requiring the solution to a 6D non-holonomic problem with obstacle avoidance in order to reach through free anatomy. A 3D image of the lung provides the specification of free and forbidden regions as well as the core structure for a configuration space. By using an A* search, each state holds the detailed specification leading to the 'goal'. These specifications include the shape, 3D orientation, and 3D position, which can be stored in an adjacent structure in high precision. This allows the normally massive 6D configuration space to be stored in an augmented 3D structure, reducing massive memory requirements by about two orders of magnitude. The adapted configuration space and A* algorithm requires under a minute on a desktop PC to compute a set of shaped tubes that can reach far inside a segmented lung. This paper describes three advances. The first defines new ways to structure searched configuration spaces so that it no longer requires intractable memory. The second solves the non-holonomic 6D problem of defining shaped tubes that extend sequentially into the body while avoiding obstacles. The third incorporates the physics of the interacting tubes.
CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RABBIT LENS EPITHELIAL CELLS INDUCED BY MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (1996)

Conference Abstract| November 01 1996 CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RABBIT LENS EPITHELIAL CELLS INDUCED BY MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR Debasish Sinha; Debasish Sinha 1National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730 USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Vishwas Paralkar; Vishwas Paralkar 1National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730 USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Noriko Esumi; Noriko Esumi 1National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730 USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Graeme Wistow Graeme Wistow 1National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730 USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (4): 551S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024551sa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Debasish Sinha, Vishwas Paralkar, Noriko Esumi, Graeme Wistow; CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RABBIT LENS EPITHELIAL CELLS INDUCED BY MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1996; 24 (4): 551S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024551sa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Broadband coherent perfect absorption in graphene via an omniresonant optical microcavity (2017)

Coherent perfect absorption refers to total light absorption through interferometric effects, which only occurs at resonance wavelengths. Here we show a perfect absorption continuously across a broad bandwidth through an ‘omniresonant cavity’: a configuration where every wavelength is assigned to a proper incidence angle.