gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasi-periodic quantum dot arrays produced by electrochemical synthesis (1994)

We discuss a ``gentle`` electrochemical technique for fabricating quasi-periodic quantum dot arrays. The technique exploits a self-organizing phenomenon to produce quasi-periodic arrangement of dots and provides excellent control over dot size and interdot spacing. Unlike conventional nanolithography, it does not cause radiation damage to the structures during exposure to pattern delineating beams (e-beam, ion-beam or x-ray). Moreover, it does not require harsh processing steps like reactive ion etching, offers a minimum feature size of {approximately}40 {angstrom}, allows the fabrication of structures on nonplanar surfaces (e.g. spherical or cylindrical substrates), is amenable to mass production (millions of wafers can be processed simultaneously) and is potentially orders of magnitude cheaper than conventional nanofabrication. In this paper, we describe our initial results and show the promise of this technique for low-cost and high-yield nanosynthesis.
Six dimensional X-ray Tensor Tomography with a compact laboratory setup (2016)

Attenuation based X-ray micro computed tomography (XCT) provides three-dimensional images with micrometer resolution. However, there is a trade-off between the smallest size of the structures that can be resolved and the measurable sample size. In this letter, we present an imaging method using a compact laboratory setup that reveals information about micrometer-sized structures within samples that are several orders of magnitudes larger. We combine the anisotropic dark-field signal obtained in a grating interferometer and advanced tomographic reconstruction methods to reconstruct a six dimensional scattering tensor at every spatial location in three dimensions. The scattering tensor, thus obtained, encodes information about the orientation of micron-sized structures such as fibres in composite materials or dentinal tubules in human teeth. The sparse acquisition schemes presented in this letter enable the measurement of the full scattering tensor at every spatial location and can be easily incorporated in a practical, commercially feasible laboratory setup using conventional X-ray tubes, thus allowing for widespread industrial applications.
CMOS compatible metal stacks for suppression of secondary grains in Sc0.125Al0.875N (2019)

The electromechanical response of AlN can be enhanced by alloying with Sc up to ∼44%, with challenges arising in deposition of high Sc-content films due to the presence of secondary grains. While templating ScxAl1−xN (ScAlN) from platinum has shown success in yielding highly-textured c-axis ScAlN without the presence of secondary grains, platinum is not compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. In this work, Sc0.125Al0.875N and AlN films were deposited on various CMOS compatible metal stacks, i.e., combinations of Ti, TiN, and AlCu (0.5 wt. %). Optimal film microstructure and texture was obtained for films deposited on highly-textured Ti, Ti/AlCu, and Ti/TiN/AlCu metal stacks. The lowest FWHM values for AlN and Sc0.125Al0.875N were 0.81° and 1.09°, respectively, for 750-nm-thick films deposited on Ti/TiN/AlCu. Secondary grains and film roughness were examined using atomic force microscopy and found to be significantly reduced in ScAlN films deposited on Ti, Ti/AlCu, and Ti/TiN/AlCu. The success of these bottom metal stacks is attributed to their lattice matching and texture quality, which can enable the deposition of higher Sc-alloyed films that outperform their AlN counterpart. Additionally, the CMOS compatibility of these metal stacks brings ScAlN one step closer to commercialization.
Dosage Thresholds and Influence of Transgene Cassette in Adeno-Associated Virus–Related Toxicity (2018)

Today, there are >500 published studies and 40 clinical trials to treat retinal disorders using gene therapy. The great majority of them rely on the use of adeno-associated virus vectors (AAV) for therapeutic gene delivery. Thus far, AAVs have an excellent safety profile in the clinic. Nevertheless, it is known that AAV-mediated gene delivery leads to toxicity at higher input doses in experimental gene therapy. This study reveals the factors that contribute to retinal toxicity after subretinal administration of AAV vectors in wild-type mice. The study shows that alongside the input dose, the nature of the transgene and the cells mediating the expression determine the extent of toxicity. Importantly, the study shows that AAV vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) used as controls in experimental gene therapy are toxic at doses as low as 5 × 10<sup>9</sup> vg, confounding the observed therapeutic effect in gene therapy paradigms. Altogether, the data show the importance of reducing input doses while increasing transgene expression levels via the use of more efficient capsids and promoters in order to avoid side effects in AAV-mediated gene therapy. Furthermore, the toxicity observed with AAV-GFP vectors imply a reinterpretation of previous gene therapy studies where the therapeutic effect was measured in relation to this control.
Determination of the temporal and spatial resolution in retrospectively gated cardiac cone-beam CT (2004)

In this contribution, we investigate the spatial and temporal resolution of retrospectively gated cardiac cone-beam CT. Data of a static and a dynamic resolution phantom are acquired for various heart rates, table speeds and scanner rotation times. The projection data are reconstructed in different motion states with the help of a retrospectively gated helical cardiac cone-beam reconstruction method. This multi-cycle method automatically adapts the number of heart cycles used for the reconstruction, based on the scan parameters and the ECG data. The spatial resolution is derived from a resolution phantom by multi-planar reformation (MPR) along the scan direction.
(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-3-Amino-4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-<i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-(4-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]- pyridin-6-ylphenyl)butanamide:  A Selective α-Amino Amide Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

A series of beta-substituted biarylphenylalanine amides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Optimization of the metabolic profile of early analogues led to the discovery of (2S,3S)-3-amino-4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-(4-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ylphenyl)butanamide (6), a potent, orally active DPP-4 inhibitor (IC(50) = 6.3 nM) with excellent selectivity, oral bioavailability in preclinical species, and in vivo efficacy in animal models. Compound 6 was selected for further characterization as a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
A new versatile system for freeze-substitution, freeze-drying and low temperature embedding of biological specimens. (1994)

A universal system for freeze-substitution (FS), freeze-drying (FD) and low temperature embedding (LTE) has been developed, suited to perform standardized procedures of cryoprocessing biological and medical specimens as well as systematic studies of dehydration and embedding at various low and high temperatures. In a 35 1 Dewar vessel with 110 mm neck diameter an aluminum tube is mounted to the bottom of the liquid nitrogen (LN2x) reservoir and extends to the lower part of the cylindrical neck. At its top an aluminum plate serves as a contact surface for either the FS chamber or the FD chamber. Fs and subsequent LTE are carried out in an environment of dry cold nitrogen gas provided by evaporating nitrogen from the dewar. Different capsules and moulds may be used for cryodehydration and LTE. FD of bulk specimens or cryosections takes place in an absolutely clean vacuum provided by a cryosorption pump integrated in the FD apparatus. Most of the H2O molecules from the frozen specimen are trapped by large cold surfaces inside the drying chamber. Due to the low LN2 consumption during FS or FD (3-4 1 LN2/day) both procedures may be carried out for 8-10 days without refilling the dewar. A few representative results show that well frozen biological material is stabilized by prolonged FS or FD at temperatures of about -80 degrees C without user of chemical fixatives like OsO4 in the substitution medium during FS or by OsO4 vapor fixation after FD.
Electric Fields and Surface Fermi Level in Undoped GaN/AlN Two‐Dimensional Hole Gas Heterostructures (2021)

Undoped GaN/AlN heterostructures with a high‐density 2D hole gas (2DHG) have recently been reported, demonstrating that holes can be generated in GaN without magnesium (Mg) doping. The presence of the high‐density 2DHG in these GaN/AlN heterostructures is expected to result from huge internal polarization fields. Herein, modulation spectroscopy is applied to analyze the built‐in electric fields in the top GaN layer of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown GaN/AlN heterostructures with a buried 2DHG using contactless electroreflectance (CER). Experimentally obtained electric field values are compared with self‐consistent Schrödinger–Poisson energy band calculations of the GaN/AlN structures. This coupled experimental and theoretical analysis determines that the Fermi level at the GaN surface is located at ≈1.9 above the valence band (i.e., roughly in the middle of the bandgap)—for structures with undoped and Mg‐doped GaN. Finally, the comparison of calculated 2DHG concentrations in the structures under study with values determined from Hall effect measurements shows excellent agreement further strengthening the result.
High-Brightness Interband Cascade Lasers (2015)

Mid-IR interband cascade lasers will be reviewed. Advantages include 3-6 mm spectral coverage, wallplug efficiency up to 18% when operated in cw mode at ambient temperature, and ultra-low threshold drive power.
Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids (2020)

Abstract Weighting agents are mixed with the drilling mud to provide the high density required to control high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells throughout the drilling operation. Solids sag occurs when the weighting agent separates from the liquid phase and settles down, causing variations in the drilling fluid density. This study evaluates barite–manganese tetroxide (Micromax) mixture to eliminate solids sag issue encountered with weighted invert emulsion drilling fluids at HPHT conditions. Micromax additive was added to barite-weighted fluids in different concentrations, 0, 15, and 30 wt% of the total weighting agent. Static and dynamic sag tests were used to evaluate the sag tendency of the new formulation under static and dynamic conditions. The performance of the new formulation was evaluated by measuring the electrical stability, density, rheological, viscoelastic, and filtration properties of the drilling fluid. The obtained results showed that Micromax additive improves drilling fluid stability by reducing the sag tendency. Adding only 30 wt% of Micromax additive eliminated barite sag issue in both dynamic and static conditions at 350 °F. 30 wt% Micromax increased the base fluid density by 5.4% and the yield point by 115% and maintained the gel strength value at 12 lb/100 ft 2 , while it reduced the plastic viscosity by 30%. The addition of Micromax additive improved the viscoelastic properties of the drilling fluid by maintaining a higher storage modulus to the loss modulus ratio when compared with the barite sample (in the range 4–4.5). Furthermore, 30 wt% Micromax improved the filtration performance by reducing the filtrate volume, filter cake weight, and filter cake thickness by 50%.
Piezoelectric Rotary Actuator Driven Devices and Applications (2002)

Novel piezoelectric cylindrical ceramic actuators have been developed utilizing the d 15 piezoelectric shear coefficient. These solid state actuators are segmented piezoelectric tubes that generate high torque and angular displacement. This rotary actuation can be applied to the trailing edge flap of a helicopter rotor blade to reduce vibration and to provide real time active blade tuning. For long stroke applications, rotary inchworm/motor devices were designed and fabricated using roller clutches to accumulate the minute displacement of the actuator over many cycles of the applied ac field. Operating at the resonant frequency of the actuator, the amplitude of the rotary angle is amplified by the mechanical quality factor of the device.
NBE-002: A novel anthracycline-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting ROR1 for the treatment of advanced solid tumors—A phase 1/2 clinical trial. (2021)

TPS1108 Background: The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is highly expressed during embryonic development, but is minimally present or absent on post-partum healthy tissues. ROR1 is expressed in a variety of hematological and solid tumors and is associated with aggressive cancer phenotype and poor clinical outcomes. NBE-002 is an ADC targeting ROR1, obtained by site-specific, enzymatic conjugation of the anthracycline-derivative PNU-159682, modified with a non-cleavable linker to a humanized recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibody, based on a novel anti-human ROR1 monoclonal antibody XBR1-402 (Peng et al. (2017) J. Mol. Biol. 429: 2954-73). Direct anti-tumor activity of NBE-002 was evaluated in immunodeficient, ROR1 expression-low/-intermediate/-high PDX models of several carcinoma and sarcoma subtypes. The most pronounced anti-tumor effect was achieved in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), at doses as low as 0.033 mg/kg, suggesting a best-in-class therapeutic index in light of the high tolerability in preclinical toxicology models. Administration in a fully immune competent setting (EMT6/ROR1 orthotopic breast cancer model) led to a strong anti-tumor response and a long-lasting anti-tumor immune protection dependent on CD8 T cells. Methods: NBE-002-01 (NCT04441099) is a first-in-human, open-label, multi-center, phase (Ph) 1/2 study of NBE-002 in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. Ph 1 of the study consists of a Dose Escalation Cohort (DEC), utilizing an accelerated titration design, followed by a traditional 3+3 design, and an optional Safety Expansion Cohort (SEC). Ph 2 will include two parallel Expansion Cohorts (EC), enrolling patients with advanced TNBC (EC1) or other solid tumors (EC2), with Simon’s two-stage design. Key eligibility criteria include Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 (Ph 1) or 0-1 (Ph 2), adequate organ function defined as: hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL, neutrophils ≥1500 /µL, platelets ≥100000/µL, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases ≤2.5x the upper limit of normal (ULN), total bilirubin ≤1.5x ULN, creatinine ≤1.5x ULN, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%. The primary objectives are to assess safety and tolerability and to establish the recommended dose for further development (Ph 1), and to evaluate anti-tumor activity of (Ph 2). Secondary and exploratory objectives include characterization of immunogenicity as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. NBE-002 is given intravenously once every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or other protocol-specific criteria are met. Ph 1 dose escalation was initiated on 17 JULY 2020 and is still recruiting in the US. Ph 2 is planned to be initiated in 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT04441099 .
Small signal modulation characteristics of red-emitting (λ = 610 nm) III-nitride nanowire array lasers on (001) silicon (2015)

The small signal modulation characteristics of an InGaN/GaN nanowire array edge- emitting laser on (001) silicon are reported. The emission wavelength is 610 nm. Lattice matched InAlN cladding layers were incorporated in the laser heterostructure for better mode confinement. The suitability of the nanowire lasers for use in plastic fiber communication systems with direct modulation is demonstrated through their modulation bandwidth of f-3dB,max = 3.1 GHz, very low values of chirp (0.8 Å) and α-parameter, and large differential gain (3.1 × 10−17 cm2).
Use of a Genetically Engineered Protein for the Design of a Multivalent MRI Contrast Agent (2007)

The majority of clinically used contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging have low relaxivities and thus require high concentrations for signal enhancement. Research has turned to multivalent, macromolecular CAs to increase CA efficiency. However, previously developed macromolecular CAs do not provide high relaxivities, have limited biocompatibility, and/or do not have a structure that is readily modifiable to tailor to particular applications. We report a new family of multivalent, biomacromolecular, genetically engineered protein polymer-based CAs; the protein backbone contains evenly spaced lysines that are derivatized with gadolinium (Gd(III)) chelators. The protein's length and repeating amino acid sequence are genetically specified. We reproducibly obtained conjugates with an average of 8-9 Gd(III) chelators per protein. These multivalent CAs reproducibly provide a high relaxivity of 7.3 mM (-1) s (-1) per Gd(III) and 62.6 mM (-1) s (-1) per molecule. Furthermore, they can be incorporated into biomaterial hydrogels via chemical cross-linking of the remaining free lysines, and provide a dramatic contrast enhancement. Thus, these protein polymer CAs could be a useful tool for following the evolution of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Ultrafast Electron Microscopy (UEM):  Four-Dimensional Imaging and Diffraction of Nanostructures during Phase Transitions (2007)

Four-dimensional (4D) imaging during structural changes are reported here using ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). For nanostructures, the phase transition in the strongly correlated material vanadium dioxide is our case study. The transition is initiated and probed in situ, in the microscope, by a femtosecond near-infrared and electron pulses (at 120 keV). Real-space imaging and Fourier-space diffraction patterns show that the transition from the monoclinic (P21/c) to tetragonal (P42/mnm) structure is induced in 3 ± 1 ps, but there exists a nonequilibrium (metastable) structure whose nature is determined by electronic, carrier-induced, structural changes. For the particles studied, the subsequent recovery occurs in about 1 ns. Because of the selectivity of excitation from the 3d∥-band, and the relatively low fluence used, these results show the critical role of carriers in weakening the V4+−V4+ bonding in the monoclinic phase and the origin of the nonequilibrium phase. A theoretical two-dimensional (2D) diffusion model for nanoscale materials is presented, and its results account for the observed behavior.
Enhanced charging of fine particles by electrons in pulse-energised electrical precipitators (1987)

A theory of fine-particle charging by electrons in electrical precipitators is described. It is shown that electron charging can be very significant under the right conditions; and a novel precipitator is proposed to exploit the process. It is concluded that charge increases of over a factor of 2 may be practical for 0.2μm particles.
Multi-functional biochip for biological agent detection (2004)

Multifunctional biochip (MFB) is a unique system that allows simultaneous detection of multiple biotargets simultaneously. The MFB is an integrated multi-array biochip, which is designed by combining integrated circuit elements, an electro-optics excitation/detection system, and bioreceptor probes into a self-contained and integrated microdevice. The multi-functional capability of MFB is demonstrated using the biochip as both an antibody-based and DNA sensor. The study indicates that the biochip technology provides an important tool to warn of exposure to pathogenic agents for use in human health protection and homeland defense.
Operation of lumped Raman fiber amplifier for fixed channel output power with channels up-grade and span loss variation (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Mongardien, C. Martinelli, S. Borne, L. Lorcy, and D. Bayart, "Operation of lumped Raman fiber amplifier for fixed channel output power with channels up-grade and span loss variation," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications/Integrated Photonics Research, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper OWB3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An ultrasonic system for measurement of absolute myocardial thickness using a single transducer (1995)

We have developed an ultrasonic instrument that can measure absolute regional myocardial wall motion throughout the cardiac cycle using a single epicardial piezoelectric transducer. The methods in place currently that utilize ultrasound to measure myocardial wall thickness are the transit-time sonomicrometer (TTS) and, more recently, the Doppler echo displacement method. Both methods have inherent disadvantages. To address the need for an instrument that can measure absolute dimensions of myocardial wall at any depth, an ultrasonic single-crystal sonomicrometer (SCS) system was developed. This system can identify and track the boundary of the endocardial muscle-blood interface. With this instrument, it is possible to obtain, from a single epicardial transducer, measurement of myocardial wall motion that is calibrated in absolute dimensional units. The operating principles of the proposed myocardial dimension measurement system are as follows. A short duration ultrasonic burst having a frequency of 10 MHz is transmitted from the piezoelectric transducer. Reflected echoes are sampled at two distinct time intervals to generate reference and interface sample volumes. During steady state, the two sample volumes are adjusted so that the reference volume remains entirely within the myocardium, whereas half of the interface sampled volume is located within the myocardium. After amplification and filtering, the true root mean square values of both signals are compared and an error signal is generated. A closed-loop circuit uses the integrated error signal to continuously adjust the position of the two sample volumes. We have compared our system in vitro against a known signal and in vivo against the two-crystal TTS system during control, suppression (ischemia), and enhancement (isoproterenol) of myocardial function. Results were obtained in vitro for accuracy (> 99%), signal linearity (r = 0.99), and frequency response to heart rates > 450 beats/min, and in vivo data were acquired for end-systolic dimension (r = 0.99), end-diastolic dimension (r = 0.99), and percent wall thickness (r = 0.99). Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the SCS functions identically to the two-crystal TTS. Use of the SCS allows measurement of absolute wall thickness and hence myocardial function, for both acute and chronically instrumented animal studies, with minimal or no trauma to myocardium.