gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current criteria for selecting cochlear implant in deaf patients: a review (2021)

Cochlear implantation is indicated in patients with severe to profound hearing loss that cannot be adequately treated by other auditory rehabilitation measures. The definitive indication of cochlear implantation is made on the basis of an extensive interdisciplinary clinical, audiological, radiological, and psychological diagnostic work-up. There are numerous changes are happening in cochlear implant candidacy. These have been associated with concomitant changes in surgical techniques, which enhanced the utility and safety of cochlear implantation. Currently, cochlear implants are approved for individuals with severe to profound unilateral hearing loss rather than previously needed for bilateral profound hearing loss. Studies have begun using the short electrode arrays for shallow insertion in patients with low-frequency residual hearing loss. The advancement in designs of the cochlear implant along with improvements in surgical techniques reduce the complications and result in the safety and efficacy of the cochlear implant which further encourages the use of these devices. This review article aims to discuss the new concepts in the candidacy of the cochlear implant, cochlear implant in younger children and hearing preservation, a cochlear implant for unilateral deafness, bilateral cochlear implant, and cochlear implant with neural plasticity and selection of patients for the cochlear implant.
Bush’s Agenda on Tort Reform (2005)

According to Bush?s Administration (www.whitehouse.gov), the U.S. tort system is expensive (the U.S. spend over $230 billions a year on tort lawsuits), economically distorting (the costs of litigation per person in the U.S. are far higher than in any other major industrialized nation in the world; litigation costs small businesses, on average, about $150.000 per year) and inefficient (over half of the compensation is eaten up by litigation costs). President Bush supports enactment of medical liability reform, class action liability reform, and asbestos litigation reform to curb the costs of lawsuits in the American legal system.
Characteristic angles in the wetting of an angular region: Deposit growth (2003)

Solids dispersed in a drying drop migrate to the (pinned) contact line. This migration is caused by outward flows driven by the loss of the solvent due to evaporation and by geometrical constraint that the drop maintains an equilibrium surface shape with a fixed boundary. Here, in continuation of our earlier paper, we theoretically investigate the evaporation rate, the flow field, and the rate of growth of the deposit patterns in a drop over an angular sector on a plane substrate. Asymptotic power laws near the vertex (as distance to the vertex goes to zero) are obtained. A hydrodynamic model of fluid flow near the singularity of the vertex is developed and the velocity field is obtained. The rate of the deposit growth near the contact line is found in two time regimes. The deposited mass falls off as a weak power gamma of distance close to the vertex and as a stronger power beta of distance further from the vertex. The power gamma depends only slightly on the opening angle alpha and stays roughly between -1/3 and 0. The power beta varies from -1 to 0 as the opening angle increases from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. At a given distance from the vertex, the deposited mass grows faster and faster with time, with the greatest increase in the growth rate occurring at the early stages of the drying process.
An ultrastuctural study of hair fiber damage and restoration following treatment with permanent hair dye (2002)

Hair returns to its precoloring state and this requires 8 weeks.
High-speed magnetic imaging (2002)

Summary form only given. The dynamics of the magnetization in small ferromagnetic structures is a topic of considerable current interest. The timing of this interest is largely attributable to rapid advances in magnetic recording technology, for which such dynamics will dictate the ultimate limits in speed and storage density. High-speed magneto-optic imaging is now being used in an effort to gain new insight into micromagnetic dynamics. The technique is directly analogous to electro-optic sampling of electronic systems. In magneto-optic sampling, magnetic transients are measured via small changes in the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light upon reflection from, or transmission through a sample, the Kerr and Faraday effects, respectively.) Ultrafast measurements with good signal-to-noise are obtained in pump-probe experiments in which the magnetic dynamics are driven using photoconductively switched electromagnetic circuits.
Lupus Nephritis in Children: Prognostic Significance of Clinicopathological Findings (2001)

We can conclude that the prognosis of LN in children is primarily dependent on the histopathological lesions. Severity of the clinical renal disease at admission and presence of persistent hypertension are the main poor prognostic factors rather than age, gender, low C3 and C4 levels, ANA positivity and the treatment modalities in Turkish children.
Review for application of electrospinning and electrospun nanofibers technology in textile industry (2016)

Electrospinning (electrostatic fiber spinning) is a modern and efficient method which uses electric field to produce fine fibers which their diameter can reduce to nanometers. These fibers have wide applications in industry such as filtration, composite materials, medical, membrane, etc. In this paper a review of electrospinning process, its products and applications are explained.
Anticipating epileptic seizures: from mathematics to clinical applications (2004)

The study of dynamical changes in the neural activity preceding an epileptic seizure allows the characterization of a preictal state several minutes prior to seizure onset. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms of ictogenesis as well as for possible therapeutic interventions that represent a major breakthrough. In this review we present and discuss the results from our group in this domain using nonlinear analysis of brain signals, as well as its limitation and open questions.
Pharmacokinetics of colchicine: a review of experimental and clinical data. (1992)

Thanks to the development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for colchicine, the pharmacokinetics of colchicine is now well-established after single oral doses. Absorption is characterized by a zero-order rate constant while disposition appears biexponential with a rapid distribution phase (t1/2 = 1.8 h) and a long elimination phase (t1/2 = 20 h). All studies confirm the large total body clearance (35 l/h) predominantly by the extrarenal route and the large distribution volume (700 l). Further studies need to be performed to investigate colchicine absorption and to describe the metabolic pathway of the drug. To date, relationships between colchicine plasma levels and pharmacological effects have not been defined. Monitoring of plasma levels in patients with familial Mediterranean fever should improve treatment with colchicine. However, the therapeutic range has not been precisely determined. The use of colchicine in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis is a recent development; so, assuming that a large part of total body clearance depends on hepatic function, the influence of hepatic diseases on colchicine disposition needs to be investigated in order to define the most appropriate therapeutic dosing.
A prospective study of the quality of life after pelvic pouch operation. (1995)

The findings suggest that QOL is already satisfactory after "cure" of the disease, and restitution of normal defecation does not yield much further improvement.
14.6-GHz LiNbO/sub 3/ microdisk photonic self-homodyne RF receiver (2006)

Nonlinear optical modulation combined with simultaneous photonic and RF resonance in an LiNbO/sub 3/ microdisk modulator is used to create a self-homodyne photonic RF receiver. Carrier and sidebands are mixed in the optical domain, and the modulated optical signal is detected using a photodetector. The photodetector has a bandwidth matched to the baseband signal. It filters out the high-frequency components and generates the baseband photocurrent. Receiver operation is demonstrated by demodulating up to 100-Mb/s digital data from a 14.6-GHz carrier frequency without any high-speed electronic components. A bit error rate of 10/sup -9/ is measured for 10-Mb/s downconverted digital data at -15-dBm received RF power. Preliminary results of employing this photonic RF receiver in a short-distance Ku-band wireless link demonstrate the potential of using high-quality optical microresonators in RF receiver applications.
Antitumor-active Polysaccharides Isolated from the Fruiting Body of <i>Hericium erinaceum</i>, an Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Called <i>yamabushitake</i> or <i>houtou</i> (1992)

Journal Article Antitumor-active Polysaccharides Isolated from the Fruiting Body of Hericium erinaceum, an Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Called yamabushitake or houtou Get access Takashi Mizuno, Takashi Mizuno Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tetsuya Wasa, Tetsuya Wasa Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hitoshi Ito, Hitoshi Ito Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422, JapanSchool of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Chiharu Suzuki, Chiharu Suzuki Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422, JapanFuji Biocenter, Fuji Seito Co., Ltd., Shibakawa-cho, Shizuoka 419–03, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuo Ukai Nobuo Ukai Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422, JapanResearch Institute, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nishinasuno-cho, Tochigi 329–27, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 56, Issue 2, 1 January 1992, Pages 347–348, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.347 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 31 July 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence (2006)

Unfortunately the studies did not provide an objective evaluation of naltrexone treatment in the field of opioid dependence. The conclusions are also limited due to the heterogeneity of the trials both in the interventions and in the assessment of outcomes.
Polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine induces delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro cellular immune response. (1994)

Patients with melanoma metastatic to distant sites or at high risk for recurrent melanoma have been treated with a polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine (MCV) in phase II protocols. We assessed in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated responses to MCV in 163 patients who had undergone surgical resection of American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III melanoma. During the first 4 months of vaccine immunotherapy, 135 patients (83%) responded by developing a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction > or = 6 mm to MCV. In a mixed lymphocyte tumor cell reaction using peripheral blood lymphocytes, 35 of 42 patients (83%) showed a recall proliferative response to one or more of the three cell lines of MCV. There was a significant correlation between delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and mixed lymphocyte tumor cell reaction (P = 0.013). After 4 months of MCV therapy, 8 of 11 patients had an increased mixed lymphocyte tumor cell reaction to autologous melanoma cells. During the first 4 months of vaccine therapy, 16 of 33 patients developed more than a 50% increase in cytotoxic T-cell activity against one of the cell lines of MCV. Overall survival was significantly prolonged in patients with a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (P = 0.0054) and/or increased cytotoxic T-cell activity (P = 0.02). These findings suggest that MCV induces specific T-cell responses which are correlated with clinical course; the data also suggest that some of these responses are directed against autologous melanomas and may play a major role in controlling the progression of melanoma.
Transcriptional regulation of urokinase (uPA) gene expression in breast cancer cells: Role of DNA methylation. (1999)

Carcinoma of the breast is a leading hormone-dependent malignancy, resulting in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. During the complex multi-step process of tumor promotion, this common cancer is initiated as hormone-responsive (HR), non-metastatic cancer, followed by a gradual transition into a highly metastatic hormone-insensitive (HI) variety which lacks the functional estrogen receptor. This transition of cancer cells causes them to become refractory to hormonal treatment. Urokinase (uPA), a member of the serine protease family has been implicated in the progression of several malignancies including breast cancer. In the current study, we have examined the correlation between hormone sensitivity and uPA expression in HR normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. Comparison was made with HI breast cancer cells MDA-231. uPA mRNA expression was seen only in the highly invasive, HI breast cancer cells MDA-231. Lack of uPA expression in HR normal (HMEC) and in minimally invasive, HR cells (MCF-7 and T-47D) was due to transcriptional suppression of uPA gene expression as determined by nuclear run-off assays. Since alteration of the DNA methylation status of CpG island in the 5' sequence of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes has been demonstrated to change their expression, we examined DNA methylation as a potential molecular mechanism for regulating uPA gene transcription in these cancer cells. Southern blot analysis using methylation sensitive enzymes revealed that CpG island of uPA gene are methylated in HR, HMEC, MCF-7 and T-47D cells, whereas they are hypomethylated in HI and MDA-231 cells. Treatment of HR MCF-7 cells with cytosine DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5' azacytidine caused a dose-dependent induction of uPA mRNA due to demethylation of the CpG island of the uPA gene which led to increased invasive ability of these HR cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation can regulate the transcription of the uPA gene to alter the invasive behaviour of these HR breast cancer cells.
Predicting cardiorespiratory instability (2016)

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency medicine 2016. Other selected articles can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2016. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Pathogenesis and Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis. (2015)

Hepatic steatosis is defined as intrahepatic fat of at least 5% of liver weight. Simple accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver could be hepatoprotective; however, prolonged hepatic lipid storage may lead to liver metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and advanced forms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Several mechanisms are involved in the accumulation of intrahepatic fat, including increased flux of fatty acids to the liver, increased de novo lipogenesis, and/or reduced clearance through β-oxidation or very-low-density lipoprotein secretion. This article summarizes the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver, the clinical implications, and the prevention of hepatic steatosis, with a focus on the role of mitochondrial function and lifestyle modifications.
Improved Serodiagnosis of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteric Fevers by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1981)

The value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological diagnosis of typhoid or paratyphoid fevers was tested with a collection of five sets of sera from 23 individuals who had no history of Salmonella infection from a nonendemic area (set 1) and from 143 patients from a highly endemic area (sets 2 to 5). The test was performed with a crude cell envelope fraction derived from Salmonella typhi. On the basis of results with sera in set 1, titers >160 (inverse of serum dilution) for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or >500 for IgG were regarded as signifying a specific antibody response. These titers were occasionally exceeded in sera in set 2, derived from patients with no clinical or laboratory evidence of Salmonella infection. In presumptive cases of typhoid or paratyphoid fevers (culture positive and agglutination negative or vice versa; 13 patients, set 3, and 26 patients, set 4, respectively), IgG antibodies were encountered more frequently than IgM, but some sera were negative in each group. In 81 confirmed cases (culture and agglutination positive, set 5) IgG antibodies were detected in at least one of the paired sera from all patients, and the IgG titers were higher (median 3,500) than those of the IgM antibodies (median 600). There was no evidence of a significant difference in IgM or IgG titers between acute- and convalescent-phase sera. The titers of 10 paired sera from patients from whom S. enteritidis, bioserotype paratyphi A, was isolated were somewhat lower than those of 84 patients with S. typhi isolation (serogroup D). There was some correlation between O antigen agglutination and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but otherwise the titers in the two serological tests varied independently. Of 11 patients in set 3 (2 patients with serogroup B agglutinins omitted), 1 belonged to blood group O, in contrast to 54 group O among 107 agglutination-positive patients, a distribution not necessarily reflected by the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. This study has provided good evidence that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can serve as a valuable aid to the diagnosis of Salmonella infection in an endemic area, as a substitute for the agglutination test.
Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum-Iron Oxide with a Tunable Band Gap Formed on the FeAl3 Intermetallic Phase (2020)

Nanostructured anodic oxide layers on an FeAl<sub>3</sub> intermetallic alloy was prepared by two-step anodization in 20 wt.% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at 0 °C. The obtained anodic oxide coating was subjected to phase and chemical composition analysis using XPS and XRD techniques. An analysis of the band gap of individual coatings was also performed. The applied parameters of the anodization process were determined, enabling the formation of a nanostructured coating on the FeAl<sub>3</sub> intermetallic alloy. Tests were carried out on samples produced at a voltage between 10 V and 22.5 V in 2.5 V steps. The produced coatings were subjected to an annealing process at 900 °C for 2 h in an argon protective atmosphere. Moreover, the influence of the substrate chemical composition on the chemical and phase composition of the anodic oxide are discussed. Band gaps of 2.37 eV at 22.5 V and 2.64 eV at 10 V were obtained directly after the anodizing process. After applying the heat treatment, band gap values of 2.10 eV at 22.5 Vand 2.48 eV for the coating produced at 10 V were obtained.
Anatomy, pigmentation, ventral and dorsal subpopulations of the substantia nigra, and differential cell death in Parkinson's disease. (1991)

In six control subjects pars compacta nerve cells in the ventrolateral substantia nigra had a lower melanin content than nerve cells in the dorsomedial region. This coincides with a natural anatomical division into ventral and dorsal tiers, which represent functionally distinct populations. In six cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) the ventral tier showed very few surviving nerve cells compared with preservation of cells in the dorsal tier. In 13 subjects without PD, but with nigral Lewy bodies and cell loss, the degenerative process started in the ventral tier, and spread to the dorsal tier. This pattern of selective degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons is not seen in ageing or after acute administration of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).
MF (Multi‐function) cathode for high current density CRT (2004)

Abstract A limitation of oxide cathode is the high current density, caused by low electrical conductivity of an emitter layer. This limitation can be overcome by increasing the conductivity, and uniform dispersion of Ni powder and pore agent could be achieved by using the screen‐printing method. This new cathode has shown not only high current density reliability but also improved performance characteristics and as such given the name “Multi‐Function cathode”. It is expected to be a good replacement of the impregnated cathode.
Waveguides in finite-height two-dimensional photonic crystals (2002)

We present a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of the transmission and the waveguiding properties of dielectric structures of finite height. A two-dimensional (2-D) photonic-crystal geometry is used for lateral confinement, and traditional waveguiding by dielectric mismatch is used for vertical confinement. We investigate different types of waveguide in photonic crystals with a finite height. We examine the dependence of the guiding properties on the lengths of the holes that constitute the photonic crystal and the widths of the layers of the waveguide. The role of the filling ratio of the holes and the dielectric constants of the upper and the lower layers for the guiding properties is presented. Also, a comparison between the 3-D and the 2-D FDTD results is given.
Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated (1999)

One mechanism of silver resistance in microorganisms is accumulation of the metal ions in the cell. Here, we report on the phenomenon of biosynthesis of silver-based single crystals with well-defined compositions and shapes, such as equilateral triangles and hexagons, in Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259. The crystals were up to 200 nm in size and were often located at the cell poles. Transmission electron microscopy, quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and electron diffraction established that the crystals comprise at least three different types, found both in whole cells and thin sections. These Ag-containing crystals are embedded in the organic matrix of the bacteria. Their possible potential as organic-metal composites in thin film and surface coating technology is discussed.