gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phage display selection of peptides that home to atherosclerotic plaques: IL‐4 receptor as a candidate target in atherosclerosis (2008)

Imaging or drug delivery tools for atherosclerosis based on the plaque biology are still insufficient. Here, we attempted to identify peptides that selectively home to atherosclerotic plaques using phage display. A phage library containing random peptides was ex vivo screened for binding to human atheroma tissues. After three to four rounds of selection, the DNA inserts of phage clones wer sequenced. A peptide sequence, CRKRLDRNC, was the most frequently occurring one. Intravenously injected phage displaying the CRKRLDRNC peptide was observed to home to atherosclerotic aortic tissues of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice at higher levels than to normal aortic tissues of wild-type mice. Moreover, a fluorescein- or radioisotope-conjugated synthetic CRKRLDRNC peptide, but not a control peptide, homed in vivo to atherosclerotic plaques in Ldlr(-/-) mice, while homing of the peptide to other organs such as brain was minimal. The homing peptide co-localized with endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells a mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques. Homology search revealed that the CRKRLDRNC peptide shares a motif of interleukin-receptor (IL-4) that is critical for binding to its receptor. The peptide indeed co-localized with IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) at atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, the peptide bound to cultured cells expressing IL-4R on the cell surface and the binding was inhibited by the knock-down of IL-4R. These results show that the CRKRLDRNC peptide homes to atherosclerotic plaques through binding to IL-4R as its target and may be a useful tool for selective drug delivery and molecular imaging of atherosclerosis.
Exploiting context information to aid landmark detection in SenseCam images (2006)

In this paper, we describe an approach designed to exploit\ncontext information in order to aid the detection of landmark images from a large collection of photographs. The\nphotographs were generated using Microsoft’s SenseCam, a\ndevice designed to passively record a visual diary and cover\na typical day of the user wearing the camera. The proliferation of digital photos along with the associated problems of managing and organising these collections provide the background motivation for this work. We believe more ubiquitious cameras, such as SenseCam, will become the norm in the future and the management of the volume of data generated by such devices is a key issue. The goal of the work reported here is to use context information to assist in the detection of landmark images or sequences of images from the thousands of photos taken daily by SenseCam. We will achieve this by analysing the images using low-level MPEG-7 features along with metadata provided by SenseCam, followed by simple clustering to identify the landmark images.
Cloning and Characterization of cDNA for Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family Heavy Chain-Related Protein (IHRP), a Novel Human Plasma Glycoprotein (1995)

The cDNA encoding inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein (IHRP) was cloned from human liver cDNA libraries. Oligonucleotide primers of human liver cDNA for PCR were constructed from internal amino acid sequences obtained with proteolytic fragments of IHRP. The amplified cDNA served as a hybridization probe for the screening of human liver cDNA libraries. The cDNA of 2,977 bp contained an entire reading frame coding 930 amino acids. The N-terminal 28 residues corresponded to a signal peptide for secretion. The N-terminal 600 residues of the mature form exhibited considerable homology to those of ITI heavy chains, while the C-terminal 300 residues showed no homology with the heavy chains and low homology with ATP-dependent proteases. IHRP was readily cleaved into 85- and 35-kDa fragments when plasma was incubated at 37 degrees C. The cleaved site, Arg-Arg-Leu, was within a proline-rich region. Northern blot analysis of poly(A) RNAs from various human tissues only showed hybridization to liver RNA.
Test and Verification of a Four-Quadrant Transducer for HEV Applications (2005)

This work concerns the design, building and testing of a prototype four-quadrant energy transducer (4QT) for hybrid electric vehicles. The paper describes the test and verification of the 4QT prototype concerning machine parameters, efficiency and thermal performance. The 4QT consists of two different electric radial flux machines: one double rotor machine (DRM) and one conventional machine. In this paper, the conventional machine will simply be referred to as the stator machine (SM). The prototype is designed for a power of 30 kW in each of the double rotor machine and the stator machine. The double rotor machine has an inner rotor with a 3-phase winding fed through sliprings and an outer rotor with inner permanent magnets. The outer rotor has also a set of magnets on its outside and serves therefore as rotor for the stator machine. The input shaft is connected to the inner rotor and the output shaft to the outer rotor. Both machines are designed to work as motors and generators. The 4QT is mounted between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the final reduction gear in a hybrid vehicle; the ICE is connected to the input shaft and the final gear to the output shaft. The function of the 4QT is to keep the operation of the ICE at optimum efficiency at all speeds and torques required by the vehicle. To do so, the speed is controlled with the DRM and the torque with the SM.
Evolutionary artificial neural networks (2002)

We present experiments which show that a genetic algorithm (GA) can effectively search for a set of local feature detectors, which can be used by higher neural network layers to perform an image classification task. Three different methods of encoding hidden unit weights into the GA are presented, including one which coevolves all the feature detectors in a single chromosome, and two which promote the cooperation of feature detectors by encoding them in their own chromosome. The fitness function measures the classification percentage and confidence of the networks on validation data in order to encourage generalization.
Dormant Season Application of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) on Almond for Control of Overwintering Amyelois transitella and Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1995)

Overwintering larval populations of Amyelois transitella in mummy almonds and Anarsia lineatella in hibernaculae on almond trees in California orchards were reduced by infectives of Steinernema carpocapsae strain All and a cold tolerant Heterorhabditis species (HL81) applied in the dormant season. The effect of this reduction in terms of preventing economic damage the following year is not known. Although the population reduction was statistically significant, it is unlikely the increase in mortality achieved would prove to be an economically viable alternative to current practices.
Polychromatic Optical Vortex Generation from Patterned Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2016)

Generation of optical vortices is described in cholesteric liquid crystals with a singular point in the spatial distribution of a helix phase. The phenomenon uses the fact that a Bragg reflected light phase varies in proportion to the spatial phase of the helix, both at normal and oblique incidences. Our proposal enables high-efficiency, polychromatic generation of optical vortices without the need of a cumbersome fabrication process and fine-tuning.
Method to Develop a Better Performance Glove Pattern Block Using 3d Hand Anthropometry (2020)

Fit challenges exist for performance glove users, because the methods of collecting anthropometric hand data and glove patterning have not been updated in unison. This paper will demonstrate a new method to draft a better basic performance glove pattern block from more relevant hand anthropometric data. The method may be used by product/industrial design educators, professional designers, patternmakers and manufacturers to develop better fitting and functioning gloves.
SERS detection of Biomolecules at Physiological pH via aggregation of Gold Nanorods mediated by Optical Forces and Plasmonic Heating (2016)

Strategies for in-liquid molecular detection via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) are currently based on chemically-driven aggregation or optical trapping of metal nanoparticles in presence of the target molecules. Such strategies allow the formation of SERS-active clusters that efficiently embed the molecule at the "hot spots" of the nanoparticles and enhance its Raman scattering by orders of magnitude. Here we report on a novel scheme that exploits the radiation pressure to locally push gold nanorods and induce their aggregation in buffered solutions of biomolecules, achieving biomolecular SERS detection at almost neutral pH. The sensor is applied to detect non-resonant amino acids and proteins, namely Phenylalanine (Phe), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme (Lys), reaching detection limits in the μg/mL range. Being a chemical free and contactless technique, our methodology is easy to implement, fast to operate, needs small sample volumes and has potential for integration in microfluidic circuits for biomarkers detection.
Rapid Dialogue and Branching Tutors. (2015)

The technology used as part of the Tools for Rapid Automated De- velopment of Expert Models (TRADEM) project has been featured at a number of conferences and publications throughout its creation and development. As a part of these efforts, it has been integrated with the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) in two fashions: branching, using the Engine for Management of Adaptive Pedagogy (EMAP), and dialogue-based, using open-source chat technology. This technology is nearly ready to be deployed to the public, enabling this workshop to demonstrate its capability, highlight its use, and allow users to make their own tutors centered about their own content.
TRENTA Facility for Trade-Off Studies between Combined Electrolysis Catalytic Exchange and Cryogenic Distillation Processes (2005)

AbstractOne of the most used methods for tritium recovery from different sources of tritiated water is based on the combination between Combined Electrolysis Catalytic Exchange (CECE) and Cryogenic Distillation (CD) processes. The development, i.e. configuration, design and performance testing of critical components, of a tritium recovery system based on the combination CECE-CD is essential for both JET and ITER. For JET, a Water Detritiation System (WDS) is not only needed to process tritiated water which has already been accumulated from operation, but also for the tritiated water which will be generated during decommissioning. For ITER, the WDS is one of the key systems to control the tritium content in the effluents streams, to recover as much tritium as possible and consequently to minimize the impact on the environment. A cryogenic distillation facility with the aim to investigate the trade-off between CECE-CD, to validate different components and mathematical modelling software is current under development at Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) as an extension of the existing CECE facility.
Proteome Analysis of Human Hair Shaft (2006)

The human hair proteome was investigated using two-dimensional LC-MS/MS. Among the 343 identified proteins, 70 were detected in high relative abundance, including keratin intermediate filament proteins, largely extractable with denaturants. Over 300 proteins were found to constitute the insoluble complex formed by transglutaminase cross-linking. The intracellular distribution of identified proteins is wide from cytoplasm to nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, and plasma membrane. These results help rationalize ultrastructural features visible in the mature hair. Keratins and several substrates for transglutaminase were found to be posttranslationally modified by methylation and dimethylation. Evidence for ubiquitination of hair proteins was also obtained.
Modeling Task Effects in Human Reading with Neural Attention (2018)

Humans read by making a sequence of fixations and saccades. They often skip words, without apparent detriment to understanding. We offer a novel explanation for skipping: readers optimize a tradeoff between performing a language-related task and fixating as few words as possible. We propose a neural architecture that combines an attention module (deciding whether to skip words) and a task module (memorizing the input). We show that our model predicts human skipping behavior, while also modeling reading times well, even though it skips 40% of the input. A key prediction of our model is that different reading tasks should result in different skipping behaviors. We confirm this prediction in an eye-tracking experiment in which participants answers questions about a text. We are able to capture these experimental results using the our model, replacing the memorization module with a task module that performs neural question answering.
Increasing the Pore Size of Electrospun Scaffolds (2011)

Electrospinning has gained much attention in the past decade as an effective means of generating nano- to micro-scale polymer fibers that resemble native extracellular matrix. High porosity, pore interconnectivity, and large surface area to volume ratio of electrospun scaffolds make them highly conducive to cellular adhesion and growth. However, inherently small pores of electrospun scaffolds do not promote adequate cellular infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Cellular infiltration into the scaffold is essential for a range of tissue engineering applications and is particularly important in skin and musculoskeletal engineering. Pore size, porosity, and pore interconnectivity dictate the extent of cellular infiltration and tissue ingrowth into the scaffold; influence a range of cellular processes; and are crucial for diffusion of nutrients, metabolites, and waste products. A number of electrospinning techniques and postelectrospinning modifications have, therefore, been developed in order to increase the pore size of electrospun scaffolds. Diverse techniques ranging from simple variations in the electrospinning parameters to complex methodologies requiring highly specialized equipment have been explored and are described in this article.
Relationships between Mesolimbic Dopamine Function and Eating Behaviora (1988)

These experiments are the first to correlate a specific stimulus of eating--the orosensory stimulation by sucrose--to mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. The pharmacological results and the increase in hypothalamic DOPAC/DA are convergent evidence for this relationship. The meaning of the relationship is not clear. The possibility that the decreased intake after dopaminergic receptor antagonist treatment and the increase in hypothalamic DOPAC/DA is related to the ingestive movements necessary for sham feeding seems unlikely for the following reasons: first, at least one dose of the antagonist had a preferential inhibition on sucrose intake compared to water intake; second, the D1 and D2 selective receptor antagonists decreased the initial rate of sucrose intake, but did not affect the rate of decay of sucrose intake over a 30-min test; third, in the second neurochemical experiment (Table 1), the volume ingested during 9 min of sham feeding 10% sucrose was not significantly different from the volume ingested from sham feeding 40% sucrose, but there was a significantly larger increase in the hypothalamic DOPAC/DA after 40% sucrose. Of course, a finer measurement of movements, such as lick rate, may reveal a significant difference that would correlate with the metabolic change. Fourth, striatal DOPAC/DA did not change during sham feeding of sucrose. Fifth, Bailey et al. demonstrated that a response-frequency summation analysis of the inhibitory effect of pimozide on sucrose intake did not reveal a motoric deficit. Thus, we interpret the increase of hypothalamic DOPAC/DA during the sham feeding of sucrose as evidence that activation of mesolimbic dopaminergic terminals in the hypothalamus is necessary for the normal processing of the central sensory and/or positive-reinforcing information produced by oral sucrose stimulation. Experiments are in progress to test this hypothesis and to attempt to distinguish between the sensory and positive-reinforcing effects of sucrose during sham feeding. In addition to generating this specific hypothesis concerning sucrose and hypothalamic DA activity, the results of these experiments suggest that the sham feeding preparation will be useful for the analysis of the important problem of the natural reinforcing properties of sweet taste. And finally, since sham feeding of sucrose is a form of oral self-stimulation, it provides a new experimental tool for comparing the role of central DA mechanisms in the positive-reinforcing effects of food, psychostimulant self-administration, and intracranial electrical self-stimulation.
720-V/0.35-m<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega \cdot$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>cm<sup>2</sup>Fully Vertical GaN-on-Si Power Diodes by Selective Removal of Si Substrates and Buffer Layers (2018)

This letter demonstrates a novel technology to fabricate fully vertical GaN-on-Si power diodes with state-of-the-art performance. Si substrate and buffer layers were selectively removed and the bottom cathode was formed in the backside trenches extending to an n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -GaN layer. A specific differential ON-resistance of 0.35-0.4 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (normalized to the total device area) and a breakdown voltage of 720 V were demonstrated in this novel fully-vertical GaN-on-Si p-n diode, rendering a Baliga's figure of merit over 1.5 GW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . These results set a new record performance in all vertical GaN power diodes on foreign substrates, and demonstrate the feasibility of making fully vertical GaN-on-Si power diodes and transistors by selective removal of Si substrates and buffer layers.
Bio‐based multilayer barrier films by extrusion, dispersion coating and atomic layer deposition (2015)

ABSTRACT A single biopolymer film rarely has a competitive edge against synthetic films. One solution is to combine several layers with different properties into multilayer structures. In this way, for example, the barrier properties of bio‐based materials can be improved. In this study, the multilayer films are produced by combining three different techniques/materials: 1) dispersion coating (cellulose nanofibrils, CNF), 2) atomic layer deposition (Al 2 O 3 ; aluminum oxide), and 3) extrusion coating (polyglycolic acid, PGA). Especially the CNF and PGA‐containing multilayer films show promising oxygen barrier improvements at different humidities. Thin inorganic coatings are brittle and sensitive toward stresses during converting, which may limit their use in such specific multilayer structures. The developed bio‐based films largely fulfill the barrier requirements of fresh food packaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42260.
Integration of Phase‐Change Materials with Electrospun Fibers for Promoting Neurite Outgrowth under Controlled Release (2018)

We report a temperature-regulated system for the controlled release of nerve growth factor (NGF) to promote neurite outgrowth. The system is based upon microparticles fabricated using coaxial electrospray, with the outer solution containing a phase-change material (PCM) and the inner solution encompassing payload(s). When the temperature is kept below the melting point of the PCM, there is no release due to the extremely slow diffusion through a solid matrix. Upon increasing the temperature to slightly pass the melting point, the encapsulated payload(s) can be readily released from the melted PCM. By leveraging the reversibility of the phase transition, the payload(s) can be released in a pulsatile mode through on/off heating cycles. The controlled release system is evaluated for potential use in neural tissue engineering by sandwiching the microparticles, co-loaded with NGF and a near-infrared dye, between two layers of electrospun fibers to form a tri-layer construct. Upon photothermal heating with a near-infrared laser, the NGF is released with well-preserved bioactivity to promote neurite outgrowth. By choosing different combinations of PCM, biological effector, and scaffolding material, this controlled release system can be applied to a wide variety of biomedical applications.
Implementing the essence of reflection (2004)

Computational reflection provides the developers with a programming mechanism devoted to favorite code extensibility, reuse and maintenance. Notwithstanding that, it has not achieved developers' unanimous acceptance and its full potential yet. In our opinion, this depends on the intrinsic complexity of most of the reflective approaches that hinders their efficient implementation. The aim of this paper consists of defining the essence of reflection, that is, to identify the minimal set of characteristics that a software system must have to be considered reflective. The consequence is the realization of a run-time environment supporting the essence of reflection without affecting the programming language and with a minimal impact on the programming system design. This achievement will improve reflective system performances reducing the impact of one of the most diffuse criticism about reflection: low performance.
Bands and bonds of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1990)

Using an expansion of \ensuremath{\sim}2870 plane waves, we have performed ab initio calculations of the energy bands, equilibrium lattice constants and atomic positions, and cohesive energy of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$. We find an indirect gap of 1.427 eV and a direct gap of 1.780 eV. The lattice constants and atomic positions are in good agreement with x-ray data, and charge-density contour plots reveal strong intraicosahedral and interplanar intericosahedral bonding but weak intraplanar intericosahedral bonding.
Trust and Health Service Use (2004)

The emergence of managed care into the health care system was intended to change the behaviors of both providers and patients to contain rising health care costs. These management strategies raise concerns about interference with professional trust relationships and its impact on access to care and quality of care, especially for disabled individuals with severe mental illness. Due to their vulnerability, they are less likely to advocate for themselves in receiving proper quality health care. In addition, distrust of health care systems is a prominent feature of this population because of their past experiences with systems of care and providers who have restricted their choices regarding treatment options. Many individuals with mental illness have experienced coercion in regard to treatment, resulting in mistrust in health care providers and an increased reluctance to use services (Regier, Narrow, Rae, & et al., 1993). With these preexisting negative, disadvantaged conditions, changes in the health care system could further limit utilization of health/mental health services among this vulnerable population and result in undesirable outcomes. Consequently, more expensive treatment modalities may be needed and may result in higher health care expenditures among this population.