gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs Induce Epigenetic Reprogramming and Suppress Malignant Phenotypes of Human Colon Cancer Cells (2015)

Although cancer is a genetic disease, epigenetic alterations are involved in its initiation and progression. Previous studies have shown that reprogramming of colon cancer cells using Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc reduces cancer malignancy. Therefore, cancer reprogramming may be a useful treatment for chemo- or radiotherapy-resistant cancer cells. It was also reported that the introduction of endogenous small-sized, non-coding ribonucleotides such as microRNA (miR) 302s and miR-369-3p or -5p resulted in the induction of cellular reprogramming. miRs are smaller than the genes of transcription factors, making them possibly suitable for use in clinical strategies. Therefore, we reprogrammed colon cancer cells using miR-302s and miR-369-3p or -5p. This resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion and the stimulation of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition phenotype in colon cancer cells. Importantly, the introduction of the ribonucleotides resulted in epigenetic reprogramming of DNA demethylation and histone modification events. Furthermore, in vivo administration of the ribonucleotides in mice elicited the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, which involves the mitochondrial Bcl2 protein family. The present study shows that the introduction of miR-302s and miR-369s could induce cellular reprogramming and modulate malignant phenotypes of human colorectal cancer, suggesting that the appropriate delivery of functional small-sized ribonucleotides may open a new avenue for therapy against human malignant tumors.
Semantic-based indexing of fetal anatomies from 3-D ultrasound data using global/semi-local context and sequential sampling (2008)

The use of 3-D ultrasound data has several advantages over 2-D ultrasound for fetal biometric measurements, such as considerable decrease in the examination time, possibility of post-exam data processing by experts and the ability to produce 2-D views of the fetal anatomies in orientations that cannot be seen in common 2-D ultrasound exams. However, the search for standardized planes and the precise localization of fetal anatomies in ultrasound volumes are hard and time consuming processes even for expert physicians and sonographers. The relative low resolution in ultrasound volumes, small size of fetus anatomies and inter-volume position, orientation and size variability make this localization problem even more challenging. In order to make the plane search and fetal anatomy localization problems completely automatic, we introduce a novel principled probabilistic model that combines discriminative and generative classifiers with contextual information and sequential sampling. We implement a system based on this model, where the user queries consist of semantic keywords that represent anatomical structures of interest. After queried, the system automatically displays standardized planes and produces biometric measurements of the fetal anatomies. Experimental results on a held-out test set show that the automatic measurements are within the inter-user variability of expert users. It resolves for position, orientation and size of three different anatomies in less than 10 seconds in a dual-core computer running at 1.7 GHz.
The rf magnetic-field vector detector based on the spin rectification effect (2008)

Ferromagnetic resonances on three Permalloy strips under an in-plane external magnetic field are detected electrically. By measuring and analyzing the angular dependence of the photovoltage induced by the spin rectification effect, an approach is demonstrated for making microwave detectors capable of detecting the rf magnetic field vector at subwavelength scale.
Photovoltaic characterization of di-branched organic sensitizers for DSSCs (2019)

In this work, the data on the effect of peripheral functionalization of a series of triphenylamine based di-branched dyes used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells are presented. The effect of different alkyl functionalities on the donor moiety upon the optical and photovoltaics parameters have been investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using a 10-μm TiO<sub>2</sub> active layer. The absorption spectra, output efficiency, and incident photon to conversion efficiency of the DSSCs have been collected. The data can be exploited for properly designing efficient, stable, and industrially viable dyes for third generation solar devices.
DNA Microchip Technology in the Plant Tissue Culture Industry (2002)

Any company involved in micropropagation of plants must be able to demonstrate that the plants produced remain true-to-type as an important part of quality assurance. Modern approaches to detect undesired plant off-types in the in vitro propagation process might also include the application of the "DNA-microchip" technology using DNA microarrays carrying hybridization targets isolated from undesirable plant variants. Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) has been investigated as a technique for the identification and isolation of potential hybridization targets in a pilot study of somatic embryogenesis in date palm. RDA is a subtractive DNA technique allowing a significant fraction of the plant genome (up to 15%) to be compared between closely related plant lines and to isolate DNA differences between two types of plants. Three difference products from tissue culture-derived plants were isolated by RDA. One product has been further characterized for its potential to monitor genetic variation during the micropropagation process.
Preliminary Measurements for Three-Node Optical Two-Way Time and Frequency Transfer (2019)

Here we present preliminary results for a three-node network using optical two-way time transfer. We discuss the design and initial testing of a fieldable remote node, which shows performance consistent with a previous laboratory system. © 2019 The Author(s) Work of the US government and not subject to copyright.
Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool Development (2019)

This is a PowerPoint presentation covering airline operations center (AOC) research. It reviews a dispatcher decision support tool called the Flight Awareness Collaboration Tool (FACT). FACT gathers information about winter weather onto one screen and includes predictive abilities. FACT should prove to be useful for airline dispatchers and airport personnel when they manage winter storms and their effect on air traffic. This material is very similar to other previously approved presentations.
Drilling Tests of an Active Vibration Damper (2007)

Abstract Drillstring vibration is a serious problem, particularly in deep and hard rock drilling; it can reduce the rate of penetration (ROP), shorten bit life, and damage expensive downhole components. Testing of an active drilling vibration damper (AVD) system at TerraTek Laboratory, under conditions designed to induce vibration, demonstrated that the use of the AVD reduced vibration, maintained more consistent weight-on-bit (WOB) and increased ROP. The AVD has a structure similar to that of a shock sub with the shock absorber filled with magnetorheological fluid (MRF), rather than hydraulic oil. Under the influence of a magnetic field, MRF instantaneously increases its viscosity. Using a series of coils to induce intense electromagnetic fields across the fluid gap, the damping coefficient can be changed in milliseconds by a factor of 7-10. A linear motion detector provides feedback to control the AVD in response to bit motion.1 In these tests, the AVD was used behind a tricone bit to drill through blocks of hard concrete, each of which had a 12" granite slab mounted within it at a 10° angle. By inducing an asymmetric load on the bit, the interfaces produced severe vibration during drilling the control holes. A total of 28 holes were drilled, including 11 control holes, at varying WOB and rotation rates. Analysis of the data confirmed the anecdotal observations made during drilling. The vibrations at the bit were reduced significantly; the variation of the measured WOB was significantly curtailed, and the ROP was increased. These tests demonstrated that the AVD is likely to provide significant time and cost savings, particularly in deep wells. These will arise, not only from the increased instantaneous ROP, but also from fewer trips for bit or equipment changes, and lower costs for replacing damaged MWD tools, motors or other expensive components.
Fuzzy model-based body-wide anatomy recognition in medical images (2013)

To make Quantitative Radiology a reality in routine radiological practice, computerized automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) becomes essential. Previously, we presented a fuzzy object modeling strategy for AAR. This paper presents several advances in this project including streamlined definition of open-ended anatomic objects, extension to multiple imaging modalities, and demonstration of the same AAR approach on multiple body regions. The AAR approach consists of the following steps: (a) Collecting image data for each population group G and body region <i>B</i>. (b) Delineating in these images the objects in <i>B</i> to be modeled. (c) Building Fuzzy Object Models (FOMs) for <i>B</i>. (d) Recognizing individual objects in a given image of <i>B</i> by using the models. (e) Delineating the recognized objects. (f) Implementing the computationally intensive steps in a graphics processing unit (GPU). Image data are collected for <i>B</i> and <i>G</i> from our existing patient image database. Fuzzy models for the individual objects are built and assembled into a model of <i>B</i> as per a chosen hierarchy of the objects in <i>B</i>. A global recognition strategy is used to determine the pose of the objects within a given image <i>I</i> following the hierarchy. The recognized pose is utilized to delineate the objects, also hierarchically. Based on three body regions tested utilizing both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imagery, recognition accuracy for non-sparse objects has been found to be generally sufficient ( 3 to 11 mm or 2-3 voxels) to yield delineation false positive (FP) and true positive (TP) values of < 5% and ≥ 90%, respectively. The sparse objects require further work to improve their recognition accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOCHEMICAL SUBSTITUTIONS OF 6,11‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐PYRROLO(2,1‐B)(3)BENZAZEPIN‐11‐ONES (1984)

Abstract Aufgrund der möglichen ZNS‐Wirkung von Dibenzocycloheptenen werden zahlreiche Vertreter der 6,11‐Dihydro‐5H‐pyrrolo[2,l‐b][3]benzazepin‐11‐one wie (X) nach den verschiedensten Verfahren hergestellt und in Tabellen aufgeführt.
Daylight photodynamic therapy with <scp>MAL</scp> cream for large‐scale photodamaged skin based on the concept of ‘actinic field damage’: recommendations of an international expert group (2015)

Conventional PDT (c-PDT) is a widely used and approved non-invasive treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). Recent clinical, histological and immunohistochemical observations have shown that c-PDT with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) may also partially reverse the signs of photodamage. However, pain and the need for special light source equipment are limiting factors for its use, especially in the treatment of large areas. More recently, daylight PDT (DL-PDT) has been shown to be similar to c-PDT in the treatment of AK, nearly painless and more convenient to perform. To establish consensus on recommendations for the use of MAL DL-PDT in patients with large-scale photodamaged skin. The expert group was comprised of eight dermatologists. Consensus was developed based on the personal experience of the experts in c-PDT and DL-PDT, and results of an extensive literature review. MAL DL-PDT for large areas of photodamaged skin was evaluated and recommendations based on broad clinical experience were provided. As supported by evidence-based data from multicentre studies conducted in Australia and Europe, the authors defined the concept of 'actinic field damage' which refers to photodamage associated with actinic epidermal dysplasia, and provide comprehensive guidelines for the optimal use of DL-PDT in the treatment of actinic field damage. The authors concluded that MAL DL-PDT has a similar efficacy to c-PDT at 3-month (lesion complete response rate of 89% vs. 93% in the Australian study and 70% vs. 74% in the European study (95% C.I. = [-6.8;-0.3] and [-9.5;2.4] respectively) and 6-month follow-ups (97% maintenance of complete lesion response) in the treatment of AKs. The authors agree that DL-PDT is not only efficacious but also nearly pain-free and easy to perform, and therefore results in high patient acceptance especially for the treatment of areas of actinic field damage.
Antisense‐Oligonucleotide – ein universelles Therapieprinzip (1998)

Abstract In recent years, a nova1 class of pharmaceuticals has been developed which bind in a predictable way to certain nucleic acid target sequences aiming at selective inhibition of expression of disease‐causing genes. The chemical structure of these so‐called antisense oligonucleotide compounds must be altered relative to their natural models to render them stable under in vivo conditions and to allow their penetration to the site of action inside cells. In this article, the principle of antisense oligonucleotide function, the structure of antisense oligonucleotide analogues, the different strategies for improvement of their biological potency, and selected reports on successful in vivo studies and first clinical investigations using these antisense oligonucleotides are discussed.
Production of nitrogen monofluoride (a1.DELTA.) by dissociation of fluorine azide (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of nitrogen monofluoride (a1.DELTA.) by dissociation of fluorine azideD. J. Benard, B. K. Winker, T. A. Seder, and R. H. CohnCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 12, 4790–4796Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100349a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100349a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CURRENT STATUS OF THYMOSIN RESEARCH: EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A FAMILY OF THYMIC FACTORS THAT CONTROL T‐CELL MATURATION* (1979)

Thymosin fraction 5 contains several distinct hormonal-like factors which are effective in partially or fully inducing and maintaining immune function. Several of the peptide components of fraction 5 have been purified, sequenced and studied in assay systems designed to measure T-cell differentiation and function. These studied indicate that a number of the purified peptides act on different subpopulations of T-cells (see Figure 1). Thymosin beta 3 and beta 4 peptides act on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) negative precursor T-cells to induce TdT positive cells. Thymosin alpha 1 induces the formation of functional helper cells and conversion of Lyt- cells to Lyt 1+, 2+, 3+ cells. Thymosin alpha 7 induces the formation of functional suppressor T-cells and also converts Lyt- cells to Lyt 1+, 2+, 3+ cells. These studies have provided further evidence that the thymus secretes a family of distinct peptides which act at various sites of the maturation sequence of T-cells to induce and maintain immune function. Phase I and Phase II clinical studied with thymosin in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer point to a major role of the endocrine thymus in the maintenance of immune balance and in the treatment of diseases characterized by thymic malfunction. It is becoming increasingly clear that immunological maturation is a process involving a complex number of steps and that a single factor initiating a single cellular event might not be reflected in any meaningful immune reconstitution unless it is the only peptide lacking. Given the complexity of the maturation sequence of T-cells and the increasing numbers of T-cell subpopulations that are being identified, it would be surprising if a single thymic factor could control all of the steps and populations involved. Rather, it would appear that the control of T-cell maturation and function involves a complex number of thymic-specific factors and other molecules that rigidly control the intermediary steps in the differentiation process.
Characterization of Fractionated Soy Proteins Produced by a New Simplified Procedure (2006)

Abstract It was possible to fractionate soy protein into two soy protein isolate fractions (>90% protein) enriched in either glycinin or β‐conglycinin by using a new simplified procedure (referred to as the Deak procedure) employing CaCl 2 and NaHSO 3 . The Deak procedure produced fractions with higher yields of solids, protein, and isoflavones, and similar protein purities as well as improved functional properties compared to fractions recovered by established, more complex soy protein fractionation procedures. The Deak glycinin‐rich fraction comprised 15.5% of the solids, 24.4% of the protein, and 20.5% of the isoflavones in the starting soy flour, whereas the glycinin‐rich fraction of the established procedure (Wu procedure) comprised only 11.6% of the solids, 22.3% of the protein, and 9.6% of the isoflavones. The Deak β‐conglycinin‐rich fraction comprised 23.1% of the solids, 37.1% of the protein, and 37.5% of the isoflavones in the starting soy flour, whereas the Wu β‐conglycinin‐rich fraction comprised only 11.5% of the solids, 18.5% of the protein, and 3.3% of the isoflavones. Protein purities were >80% for both fractions when using both procedures. The Wu procedure produced protein fractions with slightly higher solubilities and similar surface hydrophobicities; whereas, the fractions produced by the Deak procedure had superior emulsification and foaming properties and similar dynamic viscosity behaviors.
A Neuronal Isoform of Protein Kinase G Couples Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Nuclear Import to Axotomy-Induced Long-Term Hyperexcitability in<i>Aplysia</i>Sensory Neurons (2004)

The induction of a long-term hyperexcitability (LTH) in vertebrate nociceptive sensory neurons (SNs) after nerve injury is an important contributor to neuropathic pain in humans, but the signaling cascades that induce this LTH have not been identified. In particular, it is not known how injuring an axon far from the cell soma elicits changes in gene expression in the nucleus that underlie LTH. The nociceptive SNs of Aplysia (ap) develop an LTH with electrophysiological properties after axotomy similar to those of mammalian neurons and are an experimentally useful model to examine these issues. We cloned an Aplysia PKG (cGMP-dependent protein kinase; protein kinase G) that is homologous to vertebrate type-I PKGs and found that apPKG is activated at the site of injury in the axon after peripheral nerve crush. The active apPKG is subsequently retrogradely transported to the somata of the SNs, but apPKG activity does not appear in other neurons whose axons are injured. In the soma, apPKG phosphorylates apMAPK (Aplysia mitogen-activated protein kinase), resulting in its entry into the nucleus. Surprisingly, studies using recombinant proteins in vivo and in vitro indicate that apPKG directly phosphorylates the threonine moiety in the T-E-Y activation site of apMAPK when the -Y- site contains a phosphate. We used inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, soluble guanyl cyclase, or PKG after nerve injury, and found that each prevented the appearance of the LTH. Moreover, blocking apPKG activation prevented the nuclear import of apMAPK. Consequently, the nitric oxide-PKG-MAPK pathway is a potential target for treatment of neuropathic pain.
Sintering and mechnical properties of Al2O3 composites with two-layered structure. (1991)

A two layered Al2O3, /SiC composite is prepared. The composite consists of un-reinforced Al2O3, layer and 10 Vol%-SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3, layer, which are simultaneously sintered by hotpressing. Flexural strength of the composite reaches 300MPa and diffrence fracture toughness Kic: are observed for two layers, namely, 5MPam1/2 for reinforced layer and 2MPam1/2 for un-reinforced layer, respectively. Also, thermal stresses resulted in during cooling down to room temperature is discussed.
Change in Microroughness of a Silicon Surface during In Situ Cleaning Using HF and HCl Gases (1998)

The change in microroughness of a silicon substrate surface is studied at each step of an in situ cleaning method performed entirely in a hydrogen ambient at atmospheric pressure, which comprises the removal of native oxide film using hydrogen fluoride gas and the removal of an organic hydrocarbon film using hydrogen chloride gas. The root‐mean‐square average roughness and the power spectral density show that no surface roughening is caused by this in situ cleaning method. Additionally, it is shown in this study that heat‐treatment at 1223 K in a hydrogen ambient at atmospheric pressure can smooth the silicon substrate surface when the surface is bare. The effect of the removal of an organic hydrocarbon film using hydrogen chloride gas on the morphology of the silicon substrate surface is also studied.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of pulmonary surfactant protein SP 18 and evidence for cooperation between SP 18 and SP 28-36 in surfactant lipid adsorption. (1987)

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-rich material that promotes alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-fluid interface in the peripheral air spaces. The turnover of surfactant phospholipids in the alveolar space is fast, and several lines of evidence suggest there is rapid formation and replenishment of the phospholipid surface film during normal respiration. Specific proteins may regulate these dynamic surface properties. The predominant surfactant protein is a well-characterized, lipid-associated glycoprotein, SP 28-36 (28-36 kDa). A second group of very hydrophobic proteins has recently been shown to affect the surface activity of surfactant phospholipids. We have isolated this group of hydrophobic proteins, herein called SP 5-18 (5-18 kDa), from canine surfactant and have shown by NH2-terminal sequence analysis that at least two proteins, SP 5-8 and SP 18, are present in this group. We have derived the full amino acid sequence of SP 18 from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs identified with oligonucleotide probes that were based on the NH2-terminal amino acids of SP 18. The protein isolated from extracellular surfactant appears to be a fragment of a much larger precursor protein (40 kDa). The amino acid sequence of SP 18 is markedly hydrophobic and contains two possible bilayer-spanning domains. We have shown that SP 18 and the glycoprotein SP 28-36 have a cooperative, calcium-dependent action in promoting the formation of phospholipid surface films.