gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic programming and monitoring tools in pre-weaned dairy calves (2021)

The current knowledge on the effects of nutritional and environmental factors in the late embryonic and neonatal phase of dairy calves on performance later in life is summarised. The importance of epigenetic factors is increasingly recognised in this context. Prolonged colostrum feeding, discouraged on most farms to prevent the spread of Johne's disease, can have beneficial effects on the calf's immune system and has been shown to give protection against rotavirus. The importance of colostrum hygiene for uptake of antibodies is explained. Intensive milk or milk replacer feeding leads to a more productive animal while reducing the rearing costs. Iron deficiency anaemia is a common condition in whole milk fed dairy calves, and monitoring haemoglobin and supplementing iron where necessary leads to higher growth rates in calves. Other monitoring tools like lung ultrasound scanning, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate testing at weaning are briefly introduced. In conclusion, the benefits of many early intervention measures are likely to be underestimated.
Cellular Reprogramming Using Protein and Cell-Penetrating Peptides (2017)

Recently, stem cells have been suggested as invaluable tools for cell therapy because of their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. Thus, scientists have developed a variety of methods to generate pluripotent stem cells, from nuclear transfer technology to direct reprogramming using defined factors, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Considering the ethical issues and efficiency, iPSCs are thought to be one of the most promising stem cells for cell therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be generated by transduction with a virus, plasmid, RNA, or protein. Herein, we provide an overview of the current technology for iPSC generation and describe protein-based transduction technology in detail.
Information security implementations for remote monitoring (1997)

In September 1993, President Clinton stated the United States would ensure that its fissile material meet the {open_quotes}highest standards of safety, security, and international accountability.{close_quotes} Frequent human inspection of the material could be used to ensure these standards. However, it may be more effective and less expensive to replace these manual inspections with virtual inspections via remote monitoring technologies. A successful implementation of a comprehensive remote monitoring system, however, requires significant attention to a variety of information security issues. In pursuing Project Straight-Line and the follow-on Storage Monitoring System, Sandia National Laboratories developed remote monitoring implementations that can satisfy a variety of information security requirements. Special emphasis was given to developing methods for using the Internet to disseminate the data securely. This paper describes the various information security implementations applied to the Project Straight-Line and the Storage Monitoring System. Also included is a discussion of the security provided by the Windows NT operating system.
Oncogenic NRG1 Fusions: A New Hope for Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2019)

Approximately 8%-10% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases are <i>KRAS</i> wild type. In a subset of these tumors, <i>NRG1</i> gene fusions have been identified as targetable oncogenic drivers, a discovery that highlights the importance of deep molecular characterization for <i>KRAS</i> wild-type pancreatic cancers and provides a novel treatment strategy in this disease.<i>See related article by Jones et al., p. 4674</i>.
C/EBPβ Associates With Caspase 8 Complex Proteins and Modulates Apoptosis in Hepatic Stellate Cells (2007)

The MAPK-RSK-C/EBPbeta signaling may modulate stellate cell survival through caspase 8-associated protein FLIPL. This step is critical for liver fibrosis and if blocked with competitor peptides may prevent fibrogenesis.
Self-Assembly of a Hexagonal Phase of Wormlike Micelles Containing Metal Nanoclusters (2003)

Stable nanoclusters (approximately 2 nm in diameter) of copper, silver, gold, palladium, and ruthenium coated with hydrophobic coronas are easily trapped in self-assembled "soft crystal" hexagonal phase gels made of water and surfactants. The system's crystal structure and phase behavior are studied in detail. A partial phase diagram showing the hexagonal phase region for the water/SDS/toluene region is presented. High-energy X-ray scattering and cross-polarized optical microscopy experiments show that the clusters are tightly confined within the tubes. The thermal gel-fluid transitions of the hexagonal phase are investigated, and it is shown that the hexagonal phase can melt and recrystallize repeatedly. The melt/gel cycles enable easy trapping of various metal clusters in pre-prepared hexagonal phases. In contrast to spherical micelles, the hexagonal phase doped with metal clusters can grow without limit, basically up to the container walls (Ru-doped soft crystals grew to 0.5 mm over 2 months, forming wormlike tubes that are more than 50 microm long but only 7-10 nm in diameter).
A multi-tube helicon source (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. A seven-tube array of helicon sources is used to create a large-area plasma for semiconductor processing. Each source is 5 cm in diam with a helical antenna and a magnetic field of 0-100 G. Above a certain threshold power, the RF match circuit distributes the power equally to all the tubes. The plasma is injected into a 50-cm diam magnetic bucket, and the density uniformity is measured at various distances downstream from the source. Experiments were done in A and Cl and at frequencies of 13.56 and 27.12 MHz. Initial trials gave fairly uniform plasmas over a 30 cm diameter, and continuing work will optimize the tube diameter and spacing, the antenna configuration, and the magnetic field shape.
Eph-modulated Cell Morphology, Adhesion and Motility in Carcinogenesis (2005)

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (Ephs) and their membrane anchored ephrin ligands (ephrins) form an essential cell-cell communication system that directs the positioning, adhesion and migration of cells and cell layers during development. While less prominent in normal adult tissues, there is evidence that up-regulated expression and de-regulated function of Ephs and ephrins in a large variety of human cancers may promote a more aggressive and metastatic tumour phenotype. However, in contrast to other RTKs, Ephs do not act as classical proto-oncogenes and do not effect cell proliferation or differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests that Eph receptors, through de-regulated re-emergence of their mode of action in the embryo may direct cell movements and positioning during metastasis, invasion and tumour angiogenesis. This review discusses these and other emerging roles of Eph receptors during oncogenesis.
Driving cycle and road grade on-board predictions for the optimal energy management in EV-PHEVs (2013)

The prediction of the driving cycle (vehicle speed profile versus time) and the road grade cycle (road grade profile versus time) can improve a variety of vehicle functions, especially the energy management of HEVs and PHEVs. The variability of the driving conditions (environment) together with the nonlinear and variable driver behaviour (driving style) makes the driving cycle `on-board & real-time' prediction a highly complex task. This paper proposes an intelligent technique for the real time prediction of the vehicle speed and road grade profiles for the (selected) time horizon whilst the vehicle is in route. The proposed method uses an Artificial Neural Network which processes both the vehicle speed measurement (current and previous data samples) and some information related to the driving conditions present in the route, which could be obtained in advance from the new generation of vehicle navigation systems. The driving cycle and road grade on-board predictions allow the energy management system of HEV/PHEVs to achieve further reductions of fuel consumptions.
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The ugly, the uglier and the not so good (1999)

Nitric oxide, a gaseous free radical, is poorly reactive with most biomolecules but highly reactive with other free radicals. Its ability to scavenge peroxyl and other damaging radicals may make it an important antioxidant in vivo, particularly in the cardiovascular system, although this ability has been somewhat eclipsed in the literature by a focus on the toxicity of peroxynitrite, generated by reaction of O2*- with NO* (or of NO- with O2). On balance, experimental and theoretical data support the view that ONOO- can lead to hydroxyl radical (OH*) generation at pH 7.4, but it seems unlikely that OH* contributes much to the cytotoxicity of ONOO-. The cytotoxicity of ONOO- may have been over-emphasized: its formation and rapid reaction with antioxidants may provide a mechanism of using NO* to dispose of excess O2*-, or even of using O2*- to dispose of excess NO*, in order to maintain the correct balance between these radicals in vivo. Injection or instillation of "bolus" ONOO- into animals has produced tissue injury, however, although more experiments generating ONOO- at steady rates in vivo are required. The presence of 3-nitrotyrosine in tissues is still frequently taken as evidence of ONOO- generation in vivo, but abundant evidence now exists to support the view that it is a biomarker of several "reactive nitrogen species". Another under-addressed problem is the reliability of assays used to detect and measure 3-nitrotyrosine in tissues and body fluids: immunostaining results vary between laboratories and simple HPLC methods are susceptible to artefacts. Exposure of biological material to low pH (e.g. during acidic hydrolysis to liberate nitrotyrosine from proteins) or to H2O2 might cause artefactual generation of nitrotyrosine from NO2- in the samples. This may be the origin of some of the very large values for tissue nitrotyrosine levels quoted in the literature. Nitrous acid causes not only tyrosine nitration but also DNA base deamination at low pH: these events are relevant to the human stomach since saliva and many foods are rich in nitrite. Several plant phenolics inhibit nitration and deamination in vitro, an effect that could conceivably contribute to their protective effects against gastric cancer development.
Effect of HCV viral dynamics on treatment design: lessons learned from HIV (2001)

Viral load measurements provide an indication of viral replication, and thereby serve as a valuable tool to guide the initiation of therapy and subsequent changes. Plasma human immunodeficiency viral load strongly predicts the rate of decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte count, and progression to AIDS and death. Furthermore, the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy can be assessed by monitoring changes in plasma human immunodeficiency viral load. Similarly, viral load provides valuable information about the natural history of the hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatitis C viral load can be used to predict the likelihood of response to standard interferon-alpha treatment and other interferon-alpha regimens and to monitor treatment efficacy. Increased understanding of the natural history of the hepatitis C virus infection and the nature of resistance to interferon-alpha therapy suggests that effective treatment regimens must maintain serum levels of interferon-alpha. Ideally, interferon-alpha serum levels should provide constant pressure on the virus and should prevent viral rebound, thereby avoiding continued viral replication and minimizing the potential for emergence of resistant quasi-species. Current regimens designed to address these points include early aggressive intervention, combination drug regimens, prolonged maintenance, and novel interferons. By enabling the design and rapid assessment of new treatment regimens, viral load measurement will revolutionize the clinical management of the hepatitis C virus infection, as it has the HIV.
Alkyl-Functionalized Organic Dyes for Efficient Molecular Photovoltaics [<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>128</i>, 14256−14257]. (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionAlkyl-Functionalized Organic Dyes for Efficient Molecular Photovoltaics [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 14256−14257].Nagatoshi Koumura, Zhong-Sheng Wang, Shogo Mori, Masanori Miyashita, Eiji Suzuki, and Kohjiro HaraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12, 4202–4203Publication Date (Web):February 22, 2008Publication History Published online22 February 2008Published inissue 1 March 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja7112596https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7112596correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2475Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (143 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sterol upregulation of human CETP expression in vitro and in transgenic mice by an LXR element (2000)

The cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the transfer of HDL cholesterol esters from plasma to the liver. Transgenic mice expressing human CETP, controlled by its natural flanking region, increase expression of this gene in response to hypercholesterolemia. We established a CETP promoter-luciferase reporter assay in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes to map the sterol upregulatory element. Promoter mutagenesis suggested that a direct repeat of a nuclear receptor binding sequence separated by 4 nucleotides (DR4 element, -384 to -399) was responsible for this activity. Using mice carrying normal or mutated promoter sequences, we confirmed the importance of this element for gene induction by dietary sterol. A gel retardation complex containing LXR/RXR was identified using the CETP DR4 element and adipocyte nuclear extracts. Both LXRalpha/RXRalpha and LXRbeta/RXRalpha transactivated the CETP promoter via its DR4 element in a sterol-responsive fashion. Thus, the positive sterol response of the CETP gene is mediated by a nuclear receptor binding site that is activated by LXRs. That Cyp7a, the rate-limiting enzyme for conversion of cholesterol into bile acids in the liver, is also regulated by LXRalpha suggests that this class of nuclear receptor coordinates the regulation of HDL cholesterol ester catabolism and bile acid synthesis in the liver.
Function and Performance of a Pre-Reactor to a Reactive Distillation Column for Biodiesel Production (2007)

This article describes an in-depth follow-up to previous studies showing that an oil-methanol mixer prior to an RD reactor played an important role in enhancing the overall performance of the RD reactor system. An in-line static mixer was used for the purpose of providing initial mixing of the reactants, heating the mixture up to the desired operating temperature, and carrying out a substantial part of the transesterification reaction in the early stage. It performed three functions: a reactant mixer, a heat exchanger, and a pre-reactor. This article reports the systematic investigations of the pre-reactor performance by examining the effects of process variables on the process evaluating parameters, and the operating conditions for optimum operation. A wide range of results was observed under different operating conditions. The product yield was as high as 84.60% and as low as 1.63%. The soap formation was in the range of 2.80% to 10.37%. The feed molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst concentration all contributed positively to the product yield and soap formation. Although an optimum condition produced a product yield of 80.46% and soap formation of 5.18% with a 1.33 min reaction time, the optimization should be based on the integration of the whole RD reactor system rather than a collection of individually optimized components. This study of the pre-reactor serves as an analysis tool for part of the RD reactor system.
An Improved Three-Dimensional Model for Emotion Based on Fuzzy Theory (2018)

Emotion Model is the basis of facial expression recognition system. The constructed emotional model should not only match facial expressions with emotions, but also reflect the location relationship between different emotions. In this way, it is easy to understand the current emotion of an individual through the analysis of the acquired facial expression information. This paper constructs an improved three-dimensional model for emotion based on fuzzy theory, which corresponds to the facial features to emotions based on the basic emotions proposed by Ekman. What’s more, the three-dimensional model for motion is able to divide every emotion into three different groups which can show the positional relationship visually and quantitatively and at the same time determine the degree of emotion based on fuzzy theory.
Integrity checking in cryptographic file systems with constant trusted storage (2007)

In this paper we propose two new constructions for pro-tecting the integrity of files in cryptographic file systems. Our constructions are designed to exploit two charac-teristics of many file-system workloads, namely low en-tropy of file contents and high sequentiality of file block writes. At the same time, our approaches maintain the best features of the most commonly used algorithm to-day (Merkle trees), including defense against replay of stale (previously overwritten) blocks and a small, con-stant amount of trusted storage per file. Via implementa-tions in the EncFS cryptographic file system, we evalu-ate the performance and storage requirements of our new constructions compared to those of Merkle trees. We conclude with guidelines for choosing the best integrity algorithm depending on typical application workload. 1
Site-Specific Incorporation of Fluorescent Probes into Protein:  Hexahistidine-Tag-Mediated Fluorescent Labeling with (Ni<sup>2+</sup>:Nitrilotriacetic Acid)<i><sub>n</sub></i>−Fluorochrome Conjugates (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSite-Specific Incorporation of Fluorescent Probes into Protein: Hexahistidine-Tag-Mediated Fluorescent Labeling with (Ni2+:Nitrilotriacetic Acid)n−Fluorochrome ConjugatesAchillefs N. Kapanidis, Yon W. Ebright, and Richard H. EbrightView Author Information Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey 08854Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 48, 12123–12125Publication Date (Web):November 9, 2001Publication History Received13 September 2001Published online9 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja017074ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja017074arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3317Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Genetics,Labeling,Peptides and proteins,Titration Get e-Alerts
The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996: A Return to Guilt by Association (1998)

ideas. Justice Harlan, writing for Court, stated the mere abstract teaching.., of moral propriety or even moral necessity for a resort to force and violence, is not same as preparing a group for violent action and steeling it to such action. 136 He further stated there must be some substantial direct or circumstantial evidence of a call to violence now or in future which is both sufficiently strong and sufficiently pervasive... to justify inference that such a call to violence may be fairly imputed to Party as a whole....s7 There was no proof that 138 Noto had specific intent to further any activities. Therefore, third element of Scales test was missing and Noto's right to associa129. See id.; see also CHEMERINSKY, supra note 37, at 944 (stating that government's power to suppress unprotected speech also included power to restrict associations which further unprotected ideas and activities). 130. Id. at 229. 131. Id. 132. 367 U.S. 290 (1961). In Noto, petitioners were prosecuted under membership clause of Smith Act. See id. 133. See id.; see also CHEMERINSKY, supra note 37, at 945 (stating that Court reversed a conviction for membership in Communist Party because of absence of illegal activity). 134. Noto, 367 U.S. at 290. 135. See id. at 298-99; see also CHEMERNSKY, supra, note 37, at 945 (stating that Court focused on advocacy of abstract ideas as opposed to incitement to action). 136. Noto, 367 U.S. at 298. 137. Id. In Noto, the Court found that an organization cannot be held criminally responsible for a call to violence issued by a limited subset of individuals in group. Id. 138. See Noto, 367 U.S. at 298. The Court stated surely offhand remarks that certain individuals hostile to Party would one day be shot cannot demonstrate more than venomous or spiteful attitude of Party towards its enemies. Id. The Court further stated there is no evidence that such acts of sabotage were presently advocated; and it is present advocacy, and not an intent to advocate in future or a conspiracy to advocate in future.., which is an element of crime under membership clause. Id. 1202 [Vol. 24 18 William Mitchell Law Review, Vol. 24, Iss. 4 [1998], Art. 1 http://open.wmitchell.edu/wmlr/vol24/iss4/1 GUILT BY ASSOCIATION tional privacy could not be violated.' c. Defining Freedom to Associate: The NAACP Cases The two leading cases in defining freedom to associate involve National Association for Advancement of Colored People