gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor-Enabled Geosynthetics: Use of Conducting Carbon Networks as Geosynthetic Sensors (2009)

A novel technique is developed based on the piezoresistivity of electrically filled polymers to measure the tensile strain in modified geosynthetics without the need for conventional instrumentation (e.g., strain gauges). This paper reports the development of the technique and the results obtained on high-density polyethylene and polypropylene (PP) geogrid specimens filled with carbon black and carbon nanotubes (NTs). It was found that except for NT-filled PP specimens all other composites exhibited significant strain sensitivity in their conductivity. The proof-of-concept study reported in this paper has two important features: (1) strain sensitivity of electrical conductivity was demonstrated in polyolefins used to manufacture geosynthetics; and (2) this strain sensitivity was obtained and demonstrated over the range of strain values that are important in geosynthetic engineering applications.
Perceptually based approach for planar shape morphing (2004)

This paper presents an approach for establishing vertex correspondences between two planar shapes. Correspondences are established between the perceptual feature points extracted from both source and target shapes. A similarity metric between two feature points is defined using the intrinsic properties of their local neighborhoods. The optimal correspondence is found by an efficient dynamic programming technique. Our approach treats shape noise by allowing discarding small feature points, which introduces skips in the traversal of the dynamic programming graph. Our method is fast, feature preserving, and invariant to geometric transformations. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach over other approaches by experimental results.
[Molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis--ets-related nuclear transcription factor play an important role in cancer metastasis]. (1996)

Significant progress has been made in the field of cancer metastasis, and the molecular mechanism of cancer metastasis is being studied extensively. Recent studies revealed that some oncogenes and metastasis-associated genes play important roles in cancer metastasis. Some nuclear transcription factors have appeared to be involved in this metastasis. Ets-related E1AF confers the invasive phenotype on cancer cells. E1AF that acts as a transcription factor is believed to play an important role in cancer invasiveness/metastasis through transcriptions of metastasis-related genes.
Phase I clinical trial with a human major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell line (TALL-104) in dogs with advanced tumors. (1996)

The human TALL-104 cell line is endowed with a uniquely potent MHC nonrestricted tumoricidal activity across several species. In view of the potential applicability of TALL-104 cells as an anticancer agent, this study was conducted to evaluate the possible toxicity and efficacy of this new cell therapy in a superior animal model with spontaneous tumors. Nineteen canine cases with advanced, refractory malignancies of various histological types were entered in the study. All dogs had failed all other available treatments and had very limited life expectancy. Cyclosporin A was administered p.o. (10 mg/kg/day) starting from the day before TALL-104 cell administration throughout the treatment to prevent rejection of the xenogeneic effectors. Lethally irradiated (40 Gy) TALL-104 cells (10(8)/kg) were administered systemically following two treatment schedules. In the first schedule, the cells were given every other day for 2 weeks in a row and then once a week for 3 additional weeks; in the second schedule, TALL-104 cells were administered daily for a total of 5 days. None of the 19 cases showed significant clinical or laboratory toxicity; in addition, none of the dogs had to be withdrawn from the study because of immediate adverse reactions to the infusions. The severe side effects usually associated with classical lymphokine-activated killer therapy in association with high doses of interleukin 2, such as "capillary leak syndrome," were absent in this study. Remarkably, TALL-104 therapy induced various degrees of antitumor effects in 7 of the 19 dogs, including 1 complete response (continuing at +13 months), three partial responses (duration of 2 months, 3 months, and continuing at +2 months), and three transient responses. Clinical responses and immunological parameters correlated well in each case. Taken together, these data indicate that systemic administration of lethally irradiated TALL-104 cells in the absence of exogenous interleukin 2 may be regarded as a safe and promising adjuvant type of treatment for advanced cancer patients.
Intuitive and effective interfaces for WWW image search engines (2004)

Web image search engine has become an important tool to organize digital images on the Web. However, most commercial search engines still use a list presentation while little effort has been placed on improving their usability. How to present the image search results in a more intuitive and effective way is still an open question to be carefully studied. In this demo, we present iFind, a scalable Web image search engine, in which we integrated two kinds of search result browsing interfaces. User study results have proved that our interfaces are superior to traditional interfaces.
Octapeptide-Specific and Sensitive Assay for Angiotensin II in Plasma (1986)

Angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide (angiotensin II) is the active principle of the renin-angiotensin system. Crossreaction of angiotensin II-antisera with inactive precursors and metabolic fragments prevented the specific quantitation of this hormone in biological fluids. Peptide-extraction on bonded-phase silica followed by peptide-separation using isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and subsequent radioimmunoassay rendered possible the octapeptide-specific measurement of angiotensin II in 2 ml plasma with a detection limit of 0.4 fmol/ml. The coefficient of variation for intra-assay precision was 0.06 and for inter-assay precision 0.13. 125I-angiotensin II was recovered from plasma by solid-phase extraction to 99 +/- 2% (mean +/- S.D.). The overall recovery of 5, 10 and 20 fmol unlabeled angiotensin II added to plasma was 80 +/- 10%. Plasma concentrations in supine normal humans averaged 4.1 +/- 1.6 fmol/ml and were suppressed below the detection limit by angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition.
Immunologic and structural studies of the lupus/Sjögren's syndrome autoantigen, La/SSB, with a monoclonal antibody. (1985)

La/SSB is a small nuclear RNA protein against which precipitating autoantibodies are made in many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjögren's syndrome. The recent purification of La/SSB has made structural and immunologic studies possible. Consequently, a mouse hybridoma antibody (La1) was raised, after immunization and fusion, that reacted with bovine La/SSB. Results of inhibition tests with tissue extracts and fluorescent antinuclear antibody tests demonstrated that La1 reacted with bovine extracts and cells, but not with those from human, mouse, or rabbit sources. La1 reacted in Western blot and in an adapted anti-La/SSB enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with only the 41-kD bovine La/SSB peptide and not with the smaller 29-kD bovine La/SSB peptide. RNA gels showed that La1 bound the La/SSB particle that contained the predominant La/SSB RNA species near 90 nucleotides as well as the minor RNA species, both of which were bound by the human autoimmune anti-La/SSB serum. A solid-phase assay for human autoimmune anti-La/SSB antibody using La1 was more sensitive for the detection of human anti-La/SSB than was a comparable assay using purified La/SSB, and showed that anti-La/SSB is present in nearly all Ro/SSA precipitin-positive sera. Thus, this study demonstrates that monoclonal antibody can be raised against La/SSB; that the protein moiety of bovine La/SSB differs from human, mouse, and rabbit at an epitope on the 41-kD La/SSB peptide; that the RNA bound to the La1-reactive particle was as heterogeneous as that binding the anti-La/SSB autoimmune serum; and that anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB are closely associated.
SJNNV down-regulates RGNNV replication in European sea bass by the induction of the type I interferon system (2016)

European sea bass is highly susceptible to the betanodavirus RGNNV genotype, although the SJNNV genotype has also been detected in this fish species. The coexistence of both genotypes may affect the replication of both viruses by viral interaction or by stimulation of the host antiviral defense system in which the IFN I system plays a key role. IFN I triggers the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes, including Mx genes, whose expression has been used as a reporter of IFN I activity. The present study evaluated the effect of a primary exposure to an SJNNV isolate on a subsequent RGNNV infection and analyzed the role of the IFN I system in controlling VNNV infections in sea bass using different in vivo approaches. VNNV infection and Mx transcription were comparatively evaluated after single infections, superinfection (SJ+RG) and co-infection (poly I:C+RG). The single RGNNV infection resulted in a 24% survival rate, whereas the previous SJNNV or poly I:C inoculation increased the survival rate up to 96 and 100%, respectively. RGNNV replication in superinfection was reduced compared with RGNNV replication after a single inoculation. Mx transcription analysis shows differential induction of the IFN I system by both isolates. SJNNV was a potent Mx inducer, whereas RGNNV induced lower Mx transcription and did not interfere with the IFN I system triggered by SJNNV or poly I:C. This study demonstrates that an antiviral state exists after SJNNV and poly I:C injection, suggesting that the IFN I system plays an important role against VNNV infections in sea bass.
Invited Paper Multiple-Quantum-Well CCD Spatial Light Modulators (1988)

We review previously reported results on the fabrication and operation of spatial light modulators which use electroabsorption in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. These devices are electrically addressed by clocking a pattern of charge packets into a charge-coupled device (CCD). At each CCD pixel the amount of stored charge determines the electric field across the underlying MQW structure, which in turn determines the optical transmission of the device near the band-edge quantum-well excitors peak. The light is incident normal to the wafer surface and enters the device through semi-transparent CCD gates. Both 16-stage and 32-stage one-dimensional devices and 16-by-16 two-dimensional devices have been fabricated on epitaxial layers containing GaAs/AlGaAs MOW structures for operation in the 0.85-μm region and also on epitaxial layers containing InGaAs/GaAs MQW structures for operation above 0.9 μm. The one-dimensional devices have been operated as spatial light modulators at low CCD clock frequencies (up to 1 MHz); they display modulation depths far superior to CCD spatial light modulators fabricated on bulk GaAs.
CD4+ T-cell clones specific for wild-type factor VIII: a molecular mechanism responsible for a higher incidence of inhibitor formation in mild/moderate hemophilia A (2003)

Mild/moderate hemophilia A patients carrying certain mutations in the C1 domain of factor VIII (FVIII) have a higher risk of inhibitor occurrence. To analyze the mechanisms responsible for inhibitor development in such patients, we characterized FVIII-specific CD4(+) T-cell clones derived from a mild hemophilia A patient carrying an Arg2150His substitution in the C1 domain and who presented with a high titer inhibitor toward normal but not self-FVIII. All T-cell clones recognized synthetic peptides encompassing Arg2150. The peptides were presented to the T-cell clones by DRB1*0401/DRB4*01 or DRB1*1501/DRB5*01. Interestingly, the latter haplotype was previously reported as being associated with an increased incidence of inhibitor formation. Peptide I2144-T2161 also bound to other DR molecules such as DRB1*0101 and DRB1*0701, indicating that the peptide binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed in more than 60% of the population. None of the T-cell clones recognized recombinant FVIII carrying the substitution Arg2150His, even when FVIII was presented by an FVIII-specific B-cell line. The mutation likely alters T-cell recognition of the mutated peptide associated to MHC molecules, because the mutated peptide bound to immunopurified DR molecules nearly as effectively as the native peptide. These observations demonstrate that T cells of this patient with mutation Arg2150His distinguish between self- and wild-type FVIII and provide a plausible mechanism for the frequent occurrence of an inhibitor in patients carrying this substitution. A similar phenomenon may occur with other mutations associated to an increased incidence of inhibitor formation.
Structure‐visible absorption relationship in the photochromic spiro[indoline‐naphthoxazine] series (1996)

From a set of photochromic spiro[indoline-naphthoxazines] substituted on the oxazine part, a correlation between the electronic charge of the 2′-carbon atom and the absorption wavenumbers of the corresponding coloured forms was found. This relationship is of particular interest to predict the colour developed by this class of photochromic compounds.
Detection and Characterization of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during an Outbreak of Respiratory Illness at a University (2013)

An outbreak at a university in Georgia was identified after 83 cases of probable pneumonia were reported among students. Respiratory specimens were obtained from 21 students for the outbreak investigation. The TaqMan array card (TAC), a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based multipathogen detection technology, was used to initially identify Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the causative agent in this outbreak. TAC demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity and sensitivity compared to those of the multiplex qPCR assay for this agent. All M. pneumoniae specimens (n=12) and isolates (n=10) were found through genetic analysis to be susceptible to macrolide antibiotics. The strain diversity of M. pneumoniae associated with this outbreak setting was identified using a variety of molecular typing procedures, resulting in two P1 genotypes (types 1 [60%] and 2 [40%]) and seven different multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) profiles. Continued molecular typing of this organism, particularly during outbreaks, may enhance the current understanding of the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae and may ultimately lead to a more effective public health response.
Technical Note: A prototype clinical proton radiography system (2020)

Purpose: To demonstrate a proton imaging system based on well-established fast scintillator technology to achieve high performance with low cost and complexity, with the potential of a straightforward translation into clinical use. Methods: The system tracks individual protons through one (X, Y) scintillating fiber tracker plane upstream and downstream of the object and into a 13 cm-thick scintillating block residual energy detector. The fibers in the tracker planes are multiplexed into silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to reduce the number of electronics channels. The light signal from the residual energy detector is collected by 16 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Only four signals from the PMTs are output from each event, which allows for fast signal readout. A robust calibration method of the PMT signal to residual energy has been developed to obtain accurate proton images. The development of patient-specific scan patterns using multiple input energies allows for an image to be produced with minimal excess dose delivered to the patient. Results: The calibration of signals in the energy detector produces accurate residual range measurements limited by intrinsic range straggling. The use of patient-specific scan patterns using multiple input energies enables imaging with a compact range detector. Conclusions: We have developed a prototype clinical proton radiography system for pretreatment imaging in proton radiation therapy. We have optimized the system for use with pencil beam scanning systems and have achieved a reduction of size and complexity compared to previous designs.
Memory Analysis of VLSI Architecture for 5/3 and 1/3 Motion-Compensated Temporal Filtering (2006)

To the best of authors' knowledge, this paper presents the first work on memory analysis of VLSI architectures for motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF). The open-loop MCTF prediction scheme has led the revolution for hybrid video coding methods that are mainly based on the close-loop MC prediction (MCP) scheme, and it also becomes the core technology of the coming video coding standard, MPEG-21 part 13-scalable video coding (SVC). In this paper, the macroblock (MB)-level and frame-level data reuse schemes are analyzed for the MCTF. The MB-level data reuse is especially for the motion estimation (ME), and the level C+ scheme is proposed, which can further reduce the memory bandwidth of the conventional level C scheme. Frame-level data reuse schemes for MCTF are proposed according to the open-loop prediction nature.
Field performance of imazamox-resistant spring wheat (2004)

The imidazolinone herbicides possess high biological potency at low application rates, and are an attractive alternative for weed control in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four mutation-derived spring wheat lines resistant to the imidazolinone class of herbicides were evaluated in field trials to investigate the levels of resistance to imazamox. Imazamox was applied post-emergence at 0 g (hand-weeded control; HWC) 20 g, 40 g, 80 g and 160 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha -1 . A standard herbicide treatment (SHT; clodinafoppropargyl, bromoxynil and MC PA ester) representing a common herbicide application to spring wheat in western Canada was also included. The cultivar CDC Teal was included as a susceptible control. At 160 g ha -1 , imazamox reduced yield in lines with a single resistance gene (TealIMI 10A, TealIMI 11A, and BW755) by up to 43% and delayed maturity up to 13 d. TealIMI 15A, the only line evaluated with two resistance genes, was the most resistant of all lines, with no significant increases in days to spike emergence (DSE), days to physiological maturity (DPM), and no reduction in yield at the highest rate of imazamox. The susceptible control was killed within 2 wk of imazamox application, regardless of application rate. These results indicate that two resistance genes are preferable for ensuring satisfactory levels of resistance to the formulation of imazamox used in these studies. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., imazamox, resistance, gene stacking
SU‐GG‐T‐349: Generalized Formalism and Optimization of the Calibration Sequence of Plastic Scintillation Detectors (2010)

Purpose : Effects of Cerenkov light on plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) can be successfully corrected, but an inadequate calibration might result in erroneous measurements. The purpose of this work is to establish a general calibration formalism and to perform a systematic study of calibration sequences to optimize PSD performances. Methods and Materials : A general mathematical formalism has been developed with no a priori assumption on the physical characteristics of the detector system. This formalism was used in simulations of realistic PSD systems (i.e. similar to PSDs published in the literature) for over 1000 different calibration sequences. The accuracy and precision of dose measurements with PSD calibrated with each sequence were then analyzed and compared. We also studied the propagation of errors in the whole measurement chain. Results : Optimized calibration sequence can improve precision by a factor of 3 when dose readings are performed with more than 15 cm of optical fibers irradiated. In addition, a 3‐point calibration sequence prevents systematic error in calibration factors measured in the presence of large (>0.5%) statistical noise. Our study also outlined several “calibration pitfalls” that should be avoided: Calibration points that are too similar will unduly deteriorate measurement precision (e.g. calibration with fields of 10 and 30 cm will increase the measurement standard deviation by 1.5 compared to calibrations with fields of 3 and 30 cm); Small dosimetric errors made at calibration time can result in large systematic measurement error with PSDs. A 1% dose error on one of the calibration measurements can result in a 4% to 10% accuracy error with the PSD when more than 15 cm of clear optical fiber is irradiated. Conclusions : We developed a new PSD calibration formalism. After optimization of the calibration sequence of PSDs we showed improvements in both precision and accuracy of current PSD systems.
52.3: Display Properties of High‐efficiency Electrophosphorescent Diodes (2002)

Abstract The efficiency‐vs‐current characteristics of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs™) have been studied and compared to fluorescent small molecule organic light emitting diodes (SMOLED) and fluorescent polymer light emitting diodes (PLED). Results show that high efficiency PHOLEDs have significantly higher luminous efficiency than SMOLEDs and PLEDs at both the low and high drive current regimes required for active and passive matrix display applications. The efficiency roll‐off of both phosphorescent and fluorescent devices is comparable. Long triplet exciton lifetime and the possible triplet‐triplet annihilation do not explain this similarity. Other causes such as polaron‐exciton annihilation and electric field induced photoluminescence quenching are provided.
Molecular Characterization of TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion in the NCI-H660 Prostate Cancer Cell Line: A New Perspective for an Old Model (2007)

Recent studies have established that a significant fraction of prostate cancers harbor a signature gene fusion between the 5' region of androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 and an ETS family transcription factor, most commonly ERG. Studies on the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of this important chromosomal rearrangement are currently limited to the VCaP cell line derived from a vertebral bone metastasis of a hormone-refractory prostate tumor. Here we report on the NCI-H660 cell line, derived from a metastatic site of an extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma arising from the prostate. NCI-H660 harbors TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with a homozygous intronic deletion between TMPRSS2 and ERG. We demonstrate this by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a two-stage dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay testing for TMPRSS2 and ERG break-aparts, and single-nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays. The deletion is consistent with the common intronic deletion found on chromosome 21q22.2-3 in human prostate cancer samples. We demonstrate the physical juxtaposition of TMPRSS2 and ERG on the DNA level by fiber FISH. The androgen receptor-negative NCI-H660 cell line expresses ERG in an androgen-independent fashion. This in vitro model system has the potential to provide important pathobiologic insights into TMPRSS2-ERG fusion prostate cancer.
ULP basic blocks and their uses (2005)

Ultra-low power basic blocks and their uses The present invention relates to ultra-low power (ULP) electronic circuits which do not dissipate more than 10 W, preferably not more than 1 W. An ultra-low power device comprising a series connection of an n-MOS transistor and a p-MOS transistor each having a source and a drain, whereby the source of the n-MOS transistor is coupled with the source of the p-MOS transistor is provided. Both transistors are such that the absolute values of their threshold voltages are different, and that the absolute value of the relative difference of both threshold voltages is between 0.9 and 1.3 Volts. Each of the transistors in the ultra-low power device having at least one gate, these gates may be coupled together to form a common gate. Different applications of these basic blocks are given, such as ULP reference voltage, a ULP level shifter, a ULP voltage multiplier, a ULP OTA. Also a new diode is described.