gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Cell Dormancy and Load Balancing in LTE HetNets: Optimizing the Proportional Fairness Utility (2014)

We consider the problem of maximizing the proportional fairness (PF) system utility over heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) by jointly exploiting cell dormancy (cell ON-OFF)-wherein some transmission points from a set of interest can be made inactive-and load balancing (user association)-wherein users are associated to the active transmission points in that set, with each user being associated with only one point. We establish that this joint optimization problem, which is a discrete optimization problem, is NP-hard. Nevertheless, we prove that the load balancing subproblem for any given set of active transmission points is not NP-hard but instead can be reformulated as an asymmetric assignment problem and hence can be optimally solved in an efficient manner. In addition, we show that some generalized load balancing problems that incorporate multiuser diversity gains can also be optimally and efficiently solved. We propose another lower complexity greedy algorithm for the load balancing subproblem that offers a worst-case performance guarantee and describe a simple way to approximately realize a given input user association via biasing factors. We then derive low-complexity algorithms for the joint optimization problem, including one based on a successive approximation method that has hitherto been used for continuous nonconvex optimization problems. Simulations over an example Long-Term Evolution HetNet topology reveal the superior performance of the proposed algorithms and underscore the significant benefits of jointly exploiting cell dormancy and load balancing.
Optimization of Pressure Response in HPDLC Gratings Based on Polymer Composition (2006)

This paper reports on the pressure response of Bragg gratings formed by reflective Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (HPDLCs) as a function of polymer composition. Pressure response is determined by measuring the variation in reflected wavelength intensity in response to hydrostatic pressure applied parallel to the HPDLC grating vector. The pressure response of di- and tri-functional urethane polymer HPDLCs is reported here. These polymer gratings demonstrate a correlation between pressure response sensitivity and polymer functionality and polymer composition. A maximum response of 1.6 nm of wavelength shift over 20 psi of pressure variation is recorded for a di-functional polymer HPDLC.
[Renal failure and vitamin D]. (2002)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT), a common disorder in patients with chronic renal failure, develops in response to phosphate retention and low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25 (OH) (2)D(3), calcitriol] . Replacement therapy with calcitriol or its precursor 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha (OH) D(3), alfacalcidol] often produces hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in these patients. Several vitamin D analogues have been developed that retain the direct suppressive action of 1,25 (OH) (2)D(3) on the parathyroid glands but have less calcemic activity, therapy offering a safer and more effective means of controlling 2HPT. 1,25-D dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(2) (19-nor D(2)) and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2) (1alphaOHD(2)) are available in the United States and 1,25-dihydrox-22-oxavitamin D(3) (22-oxacalcitriol, OCT) and 1,25-dihydroxy-26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluorovitamin D(3) [1,25 (OH)(2)26,27F(6)D(3), falecalcitriol] have been approved for use in Japan. Animal studies have demonstrated that OCT and 19-nor D(2) have a wider therapeutic window for suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) because of their lower calcemic activities of OCT has been attributed to its rapid clearance which prevents sustained effects on intestinal calcium absorption and bone resorption, but still allows a prolonged suppression of PTH gene expression and parathyroid cell growth. The calcemic activity of 19-norD(2) diminishes with the duration of treatment by as yet unknown mechanisms. The lower toxicity of 1alphaOHD(2), compared 1alphaOHD(3). has also been noted with chronic, but not acute administration, perhaps due to differential metabolism. The unique actions of falecalcitriol may also result from altered metabolism. A clear understanding of the molecular basis for the selectivity of vitamin D analogues on parathyroid function may allow the design of even more effective analogues.
Genetic spectrum of hereditary neuropathies with onset in the first year of life (2011)

Early onset hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are rare disorders encompassing congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy with disease onset in the direct post-natal period and Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy starting in infancy. The clinical spectrum, however, reaches beyond the boundaries of these two historically defined disease entities. De novo dominant mutations in PMP22, MPZ and EGR2 are known to be a typical cause of very early onset hereditary neuropathies. In addition, mutations in several other dominant and recessive genes for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease may lead to similar phenotypes. To estimate mutation frequencies and to gain detailed insights into the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of early onset hereditary neuropathies, we selected a heterogeneous cohort of 77 unrelated patients who presented with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy within the first year of life. The majority of these patients were isolated in their family. We performed systematic mutation screening by means of direct sequencing of the coding regions of 11 genes: MFN2, PMP22, MPZ, EGR2, GDAP1, NEFL, FGD4, MTMR2, PRX, SBF2 and SH3TC2. In addition, screening for the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A duplication on chromosome 17p11.2-12 was performed. In 35 patients (45%), mutations were identified. Mutations in MPZ, PMP22 and EGR2 were found most frequently in patients presenting with early hypotonia and breathing difficulties. The recessive genes FGD4, PRX, MTMR2, SBF2, SH3TC2 and GDAP1 were mutated in patients presenting with early foot deformities and variable delay in motor milestones after an uneventful neonatal period. Several patients displaying congenital foot deformities but an otherwise normal early development carried the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A duplication. This study clearly illustrates the genetic heterogeneity underlying hereditary neuropathies with infantile onset.
Electronic Neural Networks (1988)

We are exploring electronic implementations of fine-grained parallel computing models that are loosely drawn from models of biological neural function. Experimental custom chips that combine a new mix of analog and digital processing with standard fabrication technology have shown the feasibility of the neural network approach. Early results on transforming aspects of biological computing to electronic hardware suggest that networks of highly-interconnected, simple, low-precision processors may give us new tools for tackling problems that have been difficult for standard computers.
From dolastatin 13 to cyanopeptolins, micropeptins, and lyngbyastatins: the chemical biology of Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides (2019)

Covering: 1989 up to 2019 Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides (also known as Ahp-containing cyclodepsipeptides, cyanopeptolins, micropeptins, microginines, and lyngbyastatins, and by many other names) are a family of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS)-derived natural products with potent serine protease inhibitory properties. Here, we review their isolation and structural elucidation from natural sources as well as studies of their biosynthesis, molecular mode of action, and use in drug discovery efforts. Accordingly, this summary aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art Ahp-cyclodepsipeptide research.
Evolution of induced pluripotent stem cell technology (2010)

iPSC technology provides unprecedented opportunities in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. However, there remain a great deal to learn about iPSC safety, the reprogramming mechanisms, and better ways to direct a specific reprogramming process. The iPSC field will flourish on its mechanistic studies, iPSC-based disease modeling, and identification of new small molecules that modulate reprogramming.
High Power Planar Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery (2010)

Sodium-beta batteries (NBBs), which are typically constructed on a thick tubular electrolyte and operate at relatively high temperatures, have a number of disadvantages such as high capital cost and performance/safety issues that limit market penetration of the technology. In this work we report a new generation NBB that utilizes a planar design. The planar design allows for a thinner electrolyte that reduces the area of specific resistance and may be operated at reduced temperatures. The lower operating temperatures would alleviate adverse temperature effects that impact cycle life and overall cost. We here present recent progress generated from planar NBB button cells, including initial cell performance, cathode design and chemistry.
Inhibition of Fungal Appressorium Formation by Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Esterase (2001)

A pepper esterase gene (PepEST) that is highly expressed during an incompatible interaction between pepper (Capsicum annuum) and the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been previously cloned. Glutathione-S-transferase-tagged recombinant PepEST protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed substrate specificity for p-nitrophenyl esters. Inoculation of compatible unripe pepper fruits with C. gloeosporioides spores amended with the recombinant protein did not cause anthracnose symptoms on the fruit. The recombinant protein has no fungicidal activity, but it significantly inhibits appressorium formation of the anthracnose fungus in a dose-dependent manner. An esterase from porcine liver also inhibited appressorium formation, and the recombinant protein inhibited appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Inhibition of appressorium formation in M. grisea by the recombinant protein was reversible by treatment with cyclic AMP (cAMP) or 1,16-hexadecanediol. The results suggest that the recombinant protein regulates appressorium formation by modulating the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway in this fungus. Taken together, the PepEST esterase activity can inhibit appressorium formation of C. gloeosporioides, which may result in protection of the unripe fruit against the fungus.
<title>Scalable image coding with fine granularity based on hierarchical mesh</title> (1998)

This paper presents a method for still image encoding based on a hierarchical mesh representation. Contrary to most classical coding schemes which transform the signal into the frequential domain and quantize it, our method performs a purely spatial, content adaptive, representation. The main goals are: both spatial and SNR scalability, progressive bitstream transmission and efficient support for motion estimation and compensation. The technique presented consists in approximating the image by triangular mesh covering the whole image domain, which allows to use the finite elements method. Mesh nodes carry both position information and photometric data (YUV) and the Lagrangian affine interpolation model defined on triangular elements enables image approximation everywhere. To perform the scalability and the content adaptive scheme, the base level mesh is iteratively subdivided, by splitting each triangle into 4 new ones. Furthermore, to decrease the coding rate, mesh nodes position and values are quantized and differential encoded across mesh levels. A quad tree built during mesh subdivision selects and sorts data to be sent to the bitstream, given a quality criteria per tree node. By this way, the most important information is sent first, delivering a rough image representation, then further differential values are transmitted to enhance the representation quality.
A constant-speed penetrometer for high-resolution snow stratigraphy (1998)

A new constant-speed penetrometer for field and laboratory measurement has been developed. The initially independent work of SFISAR and CRREL has been brought together, and a portable field device is now in an advanced stage of testing. The new penetrometer has high rigidity and a high-resolution large dynamic range force sensor. It uses a much smaller sensing head (5 mm) than previous designs and has a constant-speed drive. With this construction, the penetration resistance of very fine layers and the influence of the bonding strength between snow grains can be more accurately determined than is possible with the rammsonde or Pandalp. Artificial foam layers as thin as 2 mm and thin layers in snow have been detected by the penetrometer. Thin snow layers detected from penetration-resistance profiles have been correlated to fine layering as determined from plane-section microphotographs of samples taken adjacent to the profile. The instrument’s measurements are highly repeatable and the lack of subjective decisions when operating the penetrometer makes the penetration resistance a quantitative measure of snow stratigraphy.
A new digital communications receiver using partial knowledge of the channel state information (2016)

This work presents a new digital communications receiver that requires only partial knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). Generally speaking, the CSI is composed of real and imaginary components, which can be expressed as h = |h| e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">jθ</sup> , where |h| corresponds to the channel attenuation and θ is the phase shift. In the proposed receiver, only |h| is required to detect the transmitted symbols with low probability of error. The proposed receiver can be used to increase the spectral efficiency of most digital communications receivers and/or reduce their error probability.
System optimization for the development of ultrasensitive electronic biosensors using carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays. (2004)

Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reported in fabricating nanoelectrode arrays. Further studies on optimizing this system for the development of ultrasensitive DNA sensors are reported here. The mechanical stability of the as-grown MWCNT array can be improved by polymer coating or SiO2 encapsulation. The latter method provides excellent electronic and ionic insulation to the sidewall of MWCNTs and the underlying metal layer, which is investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The insulation ensures well-defined nanoelectrode behavior. A method is developed for selectively functionalizing biomolecules at the open end of MWCNTs while keeping the SiO2 surface passivated, using the unique graphitic chemistry. An ultrahigh sensitivity approaching the limit of fluorescence techniques is obtained with this system for DNA detection.
Coronary Artery Disease - Correlates Between Diastolic Auditory Characteristics and Coronary Artery Stenoses (1983)

A noninvasive approach to detecting coronary artery disease analyzes thoracic sounds to isolate acoustical correlates of stenosed coronary arteries. The analysis includes time windowing, frequency (power spectra) windowing, and averaging of thoracic sounds from normal and diseased patients. Initial results indicate that an above normal percentage of high-frequency (180-300 Hz) energy is closely associated with narrowed coronary arteries.
Imaging microvascular flow characteristics using laser speckle contrast imaging (2010)

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has classically been used to image regional blood flow changes in animal models. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of LSCI for elucidating blood flow characteristics in individual microvessels with diameters as small as 24µm. We extracted profiles of speckle contrast values within individual vessels, both along their diameters and along their lengths and inferred that they could be attributed to the flow within the vessel. Profiles along the diameter of vessels revealed maxima at the center of vessels, consistent with fluid dynamics. These observed profiles could be fitted with parabolic curves with a mean coefficient of determination of 0.92. Similarly, analysis of speckle contrast values in the axial direction revealed profiles that progressively decreased in discreet quanta at branch points indicating blood flow bifurcations. Flow estimates obtained from speckle contrast values within branches of vessels obeyed the law of mass conservation with a mean error of only 3.5%. This allowed us to elucidate the percentage distribution of blood flow into each of the downstream branches. This ability of LSCI to resolve blood flow distribution in branching microvessel trees in a minimally invasive and dye free environment over a wide field of view promises to find application in both the neuroscience laboratory as well as intraoperative neurosurgery.
Numerical Investigations of Fan-in-Wing Aerodynamic Performance with Active Flow Control (2017)

Aerodynamic performance of a fan-in-wing configuration in hover is numerically investigated using a high-fidelity three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes flow solver based on unstructured grid technology. Fan-in-wing or ducted fan configurations offer the advantage of hover capability with enhanced thrust comparing to open fans, but they suffer from reduced efficiency and thrust levels at offdesign conditions. In this study, the aerodynamic performance and flowfield of a fan-in-wing configuration in hover are numerically investigated over a range of blade pitch angles at two operating speeds. The maximum thrust, peak efficiency, and stall margin of the system are among the main interests of this investigation. An innovative concept using an active flow control is introduced in this study to enhance the operating efficiency and thrust level of the system by increasing the circulation and duct mass flow rate in the fan-in-wing system. Numerical investigations indicate a 25–55% increase in the maximum system thrust, achieved without suffering the peak efficiency loss, when using the proposed active flow control concept. This potentially provides a viable technology to significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of lift fan devices such as the ducted fans or fan-in-wing configurations to support the research of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
Catalytically inactive Gla-domainless factor Xa binds to TFPI and restores <i>ex vivo</i> coagulation in hemophilia plasma (2017)

International audience
Measurement of Glycosylated Amino Acids and Peptides from Urine of Diabetic Patients Using Affinity Chromatography (1980)

An affinity chromatography system has been developed that retains glycosylated amino acids and peptides. Using this system, synthetic 14C-glycosylated lysine (reduced with NaB3H4) was completely separated from a mixture of reduced 14C-glycosylated lysine and unmodified 3H-lysine. Amino acid analysis of the retained peak from hydrolyzed human diabetic hemoglobin previously reduced with NaB3H4 revealed an equimolar mixture of glycosylated valine and glycosylated lysine, in agreement with previously published data obtained using other methodologies. These data demonstrate that in alkaline solution, the NaB3H4-reducible breakdown products of nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins are adsorbed to m-aminophenyl boronic acid immobilized on Bio-Gel P-6, while nonglycosylated amino acids are not. This affinity chromatography system should facilitate the rapid evaluation of nonenzymatic glycosylation in a large number of diabetic tissues. Levels of retained compounds in urine from diabetic and normal patients were determined by measuring ninhydrin-positive material. Amino acid analysis of NaB3H4-reduced hydrolysates of these peaks showed that glycosylated lysine was the major borohydride-reducible adduct present (67%--86%). Linear regression analysis showed that the quantity of excreted compounds in normals correlated with body weight (r = 0.63). The mean level (mumol leucine-equivalent/24 h/kg body weight) in diabetics was over 1.5 times that found in urine from normal subjects (P < 0.005).
Molybdenum Carbide as Alternative Catalysts to Precious Metals for Highly Selective Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO (2014)

Abstract Rising atmospheric CO 2 is expected to have negative effects on the global environment from its role in climate change and ocean acidification. Utilizing CO 2 as a feedstock to make valuable chemicals is potentially more desirable than sequestration. A substantial reduction of CO 2 levels requires a large‐scale CO 2 catalytic conversion process, which in turn requires the discovery of low‐cost catalysts. Results from the current study demonstrate the feasibility of using the non‐precious metal material molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) as an active and selective catalyst for CO 2 conversion by H 2 .
Signal propagation from membrane messengers to nuclear effectors revealed by reporters of phosphoinositide dynamics and Akt activity (2005)

Among various second messengers, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] regulate a variety of cellular processes, such as cell survival, polarization, and proliferation. Many of these functions are achieved via activation of serine/threonine kinase Akt. To investigate the spatiotemporal regulation of these lipids, we constructed a genetically targetable phosphoinositide (PI) indicator by sandwiching pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt and a "pseudoligand" containing acidic amino acid residues, between cyan and yellow mutants of GFP. In living cells, elevations in PIP3 and PI(3,4)P2 by growth factor-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) resulted in a change in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorescent proteins, increasing yellow to cyan emission ratios by 10-30%. This response can be reversed by inhibiting PI3K and abolished by mutating the critical residues responsible for PI binding. Differential dynamics of PIs were observed at plasma membrane of NIH 3T3 cells, stimulated by various growth factors. On the other hand, the nuclear targeted indicator showed no response within an hour after platelet-derived growth factor stimulation, suggesting that no appreciable amounts of accessible PIP3 and PI(3,4)P2 were produced in the nucleus. Furthermore, simultaneous imaging of a plasma membrane-targeted PI indicator and a nuclear-targeted Akt activity reporter revealed a gradual and sustained accumulation of Akt activity in the nucleus after rapid and transient production of PIP3 and PI(3,4)P2 at plasma membrane in the same cell. Thus, signal propagation from the lipid messengers at plasma membrane to the effectors in the nucleus is precisely controlled by kinases as well as lipid and protein phosphatases.
Towards plant resistance to viruses using protein-only RNase P (2021)

Plant viruses cause massive crop yield loss worldwide. Most plant viruses are RNA viruses, many of which contain a functional tRNA-like structure. RNase P has the enzymatic activity to catalyze the 5' maturation of precursor tRNAs. It is also able to cleave tRNA-like structures. However, RNase P enzymes only accumulate in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts rather than cytosol where virus replication takes place. Here, we report a biotechnology strategy based on the re-localization of plant protein-only RNase P to the cytosol (CytoRP) to target plant viruses tRNA-like structures and thus hamper virus replication. We demonstrate the cytosol localization of protein-only RNase P in Arabidopsis protoplasts. In addition, we provide in vitro evidences for CytoRP to cleave turnip yellow mosaic virus and oilseed rape mosaic virus. However, we observe varied in vivo results. The possible reasons have been discussed. Overall, the results provided here show the potential of using CytoRP for combating some plant viral diseases.