gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of the Human Calcitonin Receptor by Multiple Kinases Is Localized to the C-Terminus (1997)

The calcitonin receptor is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor which is located on osteoclasts, in kidney, and in brain. The receptor signals through multiple pathways, including activation of adenylate cyclase, leading to inhibition of bone resorption. In the present study, we used antibodies raised against the C-terminus of the human calcitonin (CT) receptor to study receptor phosphorylation. In baby hamster kidney cells transfected with the human CT receptor, phosphorylation of the receptor increased approximately 2.5-fold after cells were treated with calcitonin, phorbol ester, forskolin, or calcitonin plus phorbol ester. Phosphorylation reached a maximum 20 minutes after treatment with sCT and half-maximal phosphorylation was observed at 0.1 nM sCT, a hormone concentration related to receptor occupancy. Digestion of the immunoprecipitated receptor with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) yielded a single 32P-labeled fragment which migrates at Mr 14 kD on gel electrophoresis. This corresponds to the predicted size of the CNBr fragment containing the C-terminal domain of the receptor. No 32P-labeled bands were observed for CNBr fragments predicted to contain the first, second, or third intracellular loops. An identical labeling pattern was seen with cells expressing an alternatively spliced isoform of the human receptor (insert-positive isoform). Phosphorylation of the receptor by phorbol ester and forskolin was further localized to a Mr 6 kD proteolytic fragment within the C-terminus. The protein kinase A and C inhibitors staurosporine, chelerythrine, and H-89 had little effect on CT-induced phosphorylation, suggesting that nonsecond messenger-activated kinases are involved in hormone-dependent CT receptor phosphorylation.
Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective One-Pot Synthesis of Acyclic Epoxy Alcohols and Allylic Epoxy Alcohols (2005)

In this report, we outline a highly enantio- and diastereoselective one-pot method for the efficient synthesis of synthetically useful acyclic epoxy alcohols and allylic epoxy alcohols. Our method takes advantage of a highly enantioselective C−C bond-forming reaction to set the initial chirality. The resulting allylic zinc alkoxide intermediate is then epoxidized in situ using either dioxygen or TBHP in the presence of a titanium tetraalkoxide. Epoxy alcohols with up to three contiguous stereocenters are formed in one pot with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. In cases where the zinc alkoxide intermediates contain two different allylic olefins, the more electron-rich double bond is chemoselectively epoxidized to afford an allylic epoxy alcohol. This method represents a highly efficient, stereoselective, and chemoselective approach to the synthesis of a wide range of useful epoxy alcohol and allylic epoxy alcohol products that were previously difficult to access.
Optimization of threshold functions over streams (2021)

A common stream processing application is alerting, where the data stream management system (DSMS) continuously evaluates a threshold function over incoming streams. If the threshold is crossed, the DSMS raises an alarm. The threshold function is often calculated over two or more streams, such as combining temperature and humidity readings to determine if moisture will form on a machine and therefore cause it to malfunction. This requires taking a temporal join across the input streams. We show that for the broad class of functions called quasiconvex functions, the DSMS needs to retain very few tuples per-data-stream for any given time interval and still never miss an alarm. This surprising result yields a large memory savings during normal operation. That savings is also important if one stream fails, since the DSMS would otherwise have to cache all tuples in other streams until the failed stream recovers. We prove our algorithm is optimal and provide experimental evidence that validates its substantial memory savings.
Biochemical and Biophysical Evidence for γ2 Subunit Association with Neuronal Voltage-activated Ca2+Channels (2001)

A novel gene (Cacng2; gamma(2)) encoding a protein similar to the voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel gamma(1) subunit was identified as the defective gene in the epileptic and ataxic mouse, stargazer. In this study, we analyzed the association of this novel neuronal gamma(2) subunit with Ca(2+) channels of rabbit brain, and the function of the gamma(2) subunit in recombinant neuronal Ca(2+) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results showed that the gamma(2) subunit and a closely related protein (called gamma(3)) co-sedimented and co-immunoprecipitated with neuronal Ca(2+) channel subunits in vivo. Electrophysiological analyses showed that gamma(2) co-expression caused a significant decrease in the current amplitude of both alpha(1B)(alpha(1)2.2)-class (36.8%) and alpha(1A)(alpha(1)2.1)-class (39.7%) Ca(2+) channels (alpha(1)beta(3)alpha(2)delta). Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of the gamma(2) subunit on current amplitude were dependent on the co-expression of the alpha(2)delta subunit. In addition, co-expression of gamma(2) or gamma(1) also significantly decelerates the activation kinetics of alpha(1B)-class Ca(2+) channels. Taken together, these results suggest that the gamma(2) subunit is an important constituent of the neuronal Ca(2+) channel complex and that it down-regulates neuronal Ca(2+) channel activity. Furthermore, the gamma(2) subunit likely contributes to the fine-tuning of neuronal Ca(2+) channels by counterbalancing the effects of the alpha(2)delta subunit.
Reactive magnetron sputtering of thin-film superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> (1987)

Superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x have been successfully made by co-sputtering from the three targets in an Ar and O2 mixture atmosphere. After high-temperature anneal films are superconducting with an onset temperature at 90 K, a full transition temperature as high as 88 K, and a critical current density in excess of 1×105 A/cm2 at 78 K and 2×106 A/cm2 at 4.2 K. Highly oriented thin films have been obtained on SrTiO3 {100} substrates.
Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Food Allergy as a Novel Pathway for Oral Tolerance Induction (2015)

Epicutaneous immunotherapy is a developing technique, aiming at desensitizing patients with food allergy with less risks that oral ingestion or injection could generate. Several clinical trials have been performed and are currently running, in milk and peanut allergy, assessing the safety of the technique and its efficacy. Preclinical models indicate a major role in the mechanisms of desensitization, for example, Tregs and epigenetic modifications.
Fast-Initiating, Ruthenium-based Catalysts for Improved Activity in Highly <i>E</i>-Selective Cross Metathesis (2017)

Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts bearing dithiolate ligands have been recently employed to generate olefins with high E-selectivity (>99% E) but have been limited by low to moderate yields. In this report, <sup>1</sup>H NMR studies reveal that a major contributing factor to this low activity is the extremely low initiation rates of these catalysts with trans olefins. Introducing a 2-isopropoxy-3-phenylbenzylidene ligand in place of the conventional 2-isopropoxybenzylidene ligand resulted in catalysts that initiate rapidly under reaction conditions. As a result, reactions were completed in significantly less time and delivered higher yields than those in previous reports while maintaining high stereoselectivity (>99% E).
Simple Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach for Synthesis of PA11, 12, and 13 Precursors from Oleic Acid (2014)

Due to the concerns over limited fossil resources and increasing CO2 emissions, there is a strong interest in use of renewable resources in production of valuable synthetic materials. PA11, 12, and 13, more commonly known as Nylon, are high-strength polymers that find use in various industrial sectors. They are traditionally produced from petroleum-derived material or exotic fatty acids using reaction sequences that involve 4–6 steps. Herein we report a simple three-step synthesis of these polyamide precursors from oleic acid, an abundant natural fatty acid available from common plant sources as well as oleaginous micro-organisms such as microalgae. This approach represents the first example where ring-closing metathesis was used for the key C–C bond forming step, featuring introduction of amine functionality required in the final product. Our versatile approach allows preparation of nylon precursors of various chain-lengths from a single starting material for economical and sustainable production of these polymers.
SMMARTS (2020)

Introduction Different simulators often share elements, resulting in different laboratories doing redundant work. This can lead to higher development and acquisition costs, proprietary, incompatible technology, lack of interoperability, and large inventories that reduce accessibility to the benefits of simulation. Simulation technology can become more affordable and scalable with open architecture and modular design. We describe the System of Modular Mixed and Augmented Reality Tracking Simulators (SMMARTS) open architecture, rapid development platform for designing and building modular procedural and guided-intervention simulators. Methods A modular stand provides mechanical indexing (registration) of a modular anatomical block representing the anatomy relevant to the simulated intervention. A software development kit (SDK) integrated with the hardware (stand and hand-held tracked tools such as a needle and ultrasound probe) facilitates software development. The SMMARTS SDK at https://github.com/UF-CSSALT/SMMARTS-SDK developed in Unity Technologies' Unity game engine includes Arduino microcontroller and NDI's 6 degrees of freedom tracking connectivity along with software tools such as a replayer, user interface templates, 3D visualization of the virtual counterparts of physical elements, scoring monitors, cognitive aids, common error messages, and Experience Application Programming Interface compatibility. Results We used SMMARTS to develop 9 different simulators internally (instructor-less central venous access currently deployed to Iraq, prostate biopsy, epidural loss-of-resistance, ventriculostomy, pterygopalatine fossa block, lumbar/chronic pain blocks, chest tube insertion) and externally (intravenous access). Discussion As a living tool, SMMARTS now has sufficient functionality and benefits that we can share it to help clinicians and engineers focus more on content specific to learning objectives rather than back-end tasks.
A novel UWB Balun: Application in 5G systems (2016)

A new UWB (ultra wideband) BALUN/180° Power Divider employing the broadband characteristics of microstrip - slotline transition is reported. The reported BALUN shows a wide bandwidth of 4GHz-45GHz, corresponding to a typical insertion loss of 4±1dB with an amplitude and phase imbalance of under ±1dB and ±7°, respectively. Simulation and measurement results of the design as well as those of the frequency mixers and doublers utilizing the BALUN show potential for use in 5G sub-systems. Results from the realization of the BALUN on LTCC substrates show superior performance on LTCC/Ceramic substrate which makes miniaturization possible without the need for a tradeoff with performance. Simulations with substrates like sapphire have shown the capability of the design to hold good up to 130GHz.
Factors affecting spectral efficiency in a CDMA cellular network (1992)

The authors examine the factors which affect the capacity of a CDMA system in order to arrive at a realistic estimate of the improvement which may be achieved. The evaluation is based on simulations of the reuse interference, voice activity levels and required energy-per-bit/noise-energy ratio. A capacity exceeding twice that of half-rate GSM appears to be possible. >
High-Temperature/Vacuum Fiber-Pushout Apparatus (1995)

Fiber-pushout tests performed at temperatures up to 1,100 degrees C. Apparatus performs fiber-pushout tests using radiant heating in vacuum. Vacuum maintained by turbopump prevents significant specimen oxidation during test. Successfully applied to metal and ceramic matrix composites being developed for jet engines. Applicable to many industrial applications, such as automotive components and energy-conversion devices. Previous Brief, New Testing Tool for Composite Interfaces (LEW-15297), describes apparatus designed to perform fiber-pushout testing at room temperature.
A Simple Route to Porous Graphene from Carbon Nanodots for Supercapacitor Applications (2018)

Abstract A facile method to convert biomolecule‐based carbon nanodots (CNDs) into high‐surface‐area 3D‐graphene networks with excellent electrochemical properties is presented. Initially, CNDs are synthesized by microwave‐assisted thermolysis of citric acid and urea according to previously published protocols. Next, the CNDs are annealed up to 400 °C in a tube furnace in an oxygen‐free environment. Finally, films of the thermolyzed CNDs are converted into open porous 3D turbostratic graphene (3D‐ts‐graphene) networks by irradiation with an infrared laser. Based upon characterizations using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, a feasible reaction mechanism for both the thermolysis of the CNDs and the subsequent laser conversion into 3D‐ts‐graphene is presented. The 3D‐ts‐graphene networks show excellent morphological properties, such as a hierarchical porous structure and a high surface area, as well as promising electrochemical properties. For example, nearly ideal capacitive behavior with a volumetric capacitance of 27.5 mF L − 1 is achieved at a current density of 560 A L − 1 , which corresponds to an energy density of 24.1 mWh L − 1 at a power density of 711 W L − 1 . Remarkable is the extremely fast charge–discharge cycling rate with a time constant of 3.44 ms.
Computational Imaging on the Electric Grid (2017)

Night beats with alternating current (AC) illumination. By passively sensing this beat, we reveal new scene information which includes: the type of bulbs in the scene, the phases of the electric grid up to city scale, and the light transport matrix. This information yields unmixing of reflections and semi-reflections, nocturnal high dynamic range, and scene rendering with bulbs not observed during acquisition. The latter is facilitated by a database of bulb response functions for a range of sources, which we collected and provide. To do all this, we built a novel coded-exposure high-dynamic-range imaging technique, specifically designed to operate on the grids AC lighting.
Effective and efficient update of xml in RDBMS (2007)

Querying XML effectively and efficiently using declarative languages such as XQuery and XPath has been widely studied in both academic and industrial settings. Most RDBMS vendors now support XML as a native data type with SQL/XML and XQuery support over it. However, the problem of updating XML is still the subject of ongoing effort. Several SQL/XML update extensions have been implemented and an XQuery Update Facility is in the proposal phase to add an update capability to XQuery. There are a lot of challenges involved in updating XML, particularly identifying and updating partial fragments of XML while maintaining concurrency, transactional semantics and validity of the document. In this paper, we illustrate the XML update functionality provided by Oracle XML DB within the context of SQL/XML. This functionality has been developed and optimized based on actual customer use cases of querying and updating XML. We discuss our design philosophy, optimization details for providing capability of updating XML and compare it with the current XQuery Update Facility proposal with the goal of providing insight into incorporating the XQuery Update Facility in the SQL/XML standard in the future.
Two-dimensional analog filters: a new form of realization (1989)

Two-dimensional (2-D) filters are generally realized as digital filters with the intention of operating on discretized 2-D data. The author claims that to filter directly 2-D analog data, such as television images, a 2-D analog filter would prove to be more adequate. A hardware realization of a 2-D analog filter requiring only the use of analog devices and line delays is proposed. Raster-scanned images are assumed as input to the filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using antenna patterns to improve the quality of SeaSonde HF radar surface current maps (1999)

The SeaSonde coastal HF current mapping radar realizes its very small and convenient antenna size by employing the MUSIC direction finding (DF) algorithm, rather than beam forming to determine the bearing angle to each point on the sea plot. Beam forming requires large phased array antennas spanning up to 100 m of linear coastal extent. The SeaSonde uses two colocated crossed loops and an omnidirectional monopole as the receive antenna system. Unique features of DF polar maps can be angle sectors with sparse coverage or gaps. This occurs when the antenna patterns are distorted by nearby terrain or buildings, a frequent effect observed with all HF radars. In addition, uncorrected distortions can produce angle biases (misplacements) of the radial current vectors, sometimes as much as 10/spl deg/. The actual antenna patterns (with distortions) are now measured with a small battery operated transponder, either from land in front of the antenna or from a boat. These are then inserted into the software to calibrate, i.e., correct for the distortions. A number of algorithms have been evaluated for this correction process, both using simulations (with known input) as well as actual measured sea echo. The authors present the latest findings on gap and bias mitigation, which show that nearly all of these deleterious effects can be reduced to acceptable levels.
1,5-Diphenylpyrazoline-3-carboxanilides (1995)

1,5-Diphenylpyrazoline-3-carboxanilides represent a new class of pyrazoline insecticides. These compounds differ from traditional pyrazoline insecticides by having the carboxanilide linkage bound to carbon rather than nitrogen. We have developed several synthetic methods for this class. For the main synthetic route to this class we have unambiguously determined the regiochemistry of cycloaddition of ethoxycarbonyl-nitrile-imines with styrenes. Heterocyclic containing pyrazolines were made by an alternative method through benzylidene pyruvanilides. Our synthetic methods as well as the insecticidal activity will be discussed.
Characterization of novel sulfonium photoacid generators and their microwave-assisted synthesis (2009)

Microwave-assisted synthesis of triarylsulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) afforded reaction times 90 to 420 times faster than conventional thermal conditions, with photoacid quantum yields of new sulfonium PAGs ranging from 0.01 to 0.4.
Detection of Walnut Residues in Processed Foods by Polymerase Chain Reaction (2007)

A sensitive qualitative detection method for walnut (Juglans regia) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. For detection of walnuts with high specificity, the primer pair WAL-F/WAL-R was designed based on walnut matK genes. Trace amounts of walnuts in commercial food products can be qualitatively detected using this method.
Design analysis of lattice-matched AlInGaN-GaN QW for optimized intersubband absorption in the Mid-IR regime (2007)

Design analysis of III-Nitride based intersubband quantum well absorption in the mid-IR regime (&lgr; ~ 3-5 &mgr;m) is presented. The use of lattice-matched AlInGaN materials is advantageous because of its extremely fast intersubband relaxation time &tgr;<sub>rel</sub> ~ 150-fs. The ability to engineer lattice-matched AlInGaN layer with GaN should allow realization of multiple pairs of AlInGaN / GaN quantum well structures, which would otherwise be challenging due to the cracking issues that might develop in conventional multiple pairs AlGaN / GaN heterostructures. The large conduction band offset in III-Nitride heterostructures is also beneficial for minimizing dark current and thermal noise.
Cavity-Backed Archimedean Spiral Antenna with Conical Perturbations for 3U CubeSat Applications [Education Corner] (2018)

This article reports the development of a CubeSat antenna for the 2017 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) Student Design Contest by an interdisciplinary team of undergraduate and graduate students from the Electrical and Aerospace Engineering Departments of the University of Alabama. First, as satellites require lineof-sight (LOS) communication with the ground station, a link scenario was created to determine the points of visibility in the CubeSat's orbit. Then, link and power budgets were calculated to determine the specifications for an antenna that is suitable for 3U Cube-Sat applications in the X band (8 GHz) and Ku band (11.2 GHz). To meet the requirements, a cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna (ASA) with quadruple conical perturbations (QCPs) was designed and fabricated.
Effect of NADPH availability on free fatty acid production in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2017)

Microbial conversion of renewable carbon sources to free fatty acids has attracted significant attention in recent years. Accumulation of free fatty acids in Escherichia coli by overexpression of an acyl-ACP thioesterase which can break the fatty acid elongation has been well established. Various efforts have been made to increase fatty acid production in E. coli by enhancing the enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis cycle or host strain manipulations. The current study focused on the effect of NADPH availability on free fatty acids (FFAs) productivity. There are two reduction steps in the fatty acid elongation cycle which are catalyzed by beta keto-ACP reductase (FabG) and enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI), respectively. It is reported that FabI can use either NADH or NADPH as cofactor, while FabG only uses NADPH in E. coli. Fatty acid production dropped dramatically in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (encoded by the zwf gene) deficient strain. Similarly, the pntB (which encodes one of the subunit of proton-translocating membrane bounded transhydrogenase PntAB) and udhA (which encodes the energy dependent cytoplasmic transhydrogenase UdhA) double mutant strain also showed an 88.8% decrease in free fatty acid production. Overexpression of PntAB and NadK restored the fatty acid production capability of these two mutant strains. These results indicated that the availability of NADPH played a very important role in fatty acid production.
Quantifying Device Degradation in Live Power Converters Using SSTDR Assisted Impedance Matrix (2013)

A noninterfering measurement technique designed around spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been proposed in this paper to identify the level of aging associated with power semiconductor switches inside a live converter circuit. Power MOSFETs are one of the most age-sensitive components in power converter circuits, and this paper demonstrates how SSTDR can be used to determine the characteristic degradation of the switching MOSFETs used in various power converters. An SSTDR technique was applied to determine the aging in power MOSFETs, while they remained energized in live circuits. In addition, SSTDR was applied to various test nodes of an H-bridge ac–ac converter, and multiple impedance matrices were created based on the measured reflections. An error minimization technique has been developed to locate and determine the origin and amount of aging in this circuit, and this technique provides key information about the level of aging associated to the components of interest. By conducting component level failure analysis, the overall reliability of an H-bridge ac–ac converter has been derived and incorporated in this paper.