gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2D Semantic Mapping on Occupancy Grids (2012)

In recent years, techniques for building metric maps of indoor environments have been intensively studied, and they perform very well in numerous applications. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods produce globally consistent, metric maps of the explored environment. Although such maps describe how the environment looks like and can be used for navigation, there exist no abstracted semantic concepts that explain the environment on a higher level or in a more natural way (as we humans do), such as, what kind of structure and connectivity the environment possesses. In this paper, we propose a new probabilistic method to analyze the underlying semantic world model based on an occupancy grid map, which is generated by a standard SLAM process. Our approach simulates a Markov Chain that produces samples from the distribution of probable semantic world models given an input map. Experiments show that our approach is effective and correctly captures the uncertainty.
Measurements and simulations of cell delays in ATM switches (1998)

Abstract Within the RACE project EXPLOIT, traffic experiments are being performed on an ATM testbed, the EXPLOIT Testbed, which is situated in Basel. A subset of these experiments is described in this paper. Specifically, the network performance parameter cell delay, and especially the part due to queueing effects, is focused on. The aim of this paper is to compare the measurement results with the results of a generic simulation model based on renewal theory. It is shown that the simulation model predicts the delay histogram very well, but slightly underestimates the covariance over time of die delays.
3D AND 2½ D MODELLING OF GRAVITY ANOMALIES WITH VARIABLE DENSITY CONTRAST<sup>1</sup> (1990)

A bstract The decrease of density contrast in sedimentary basins may be approximated by a quadratic function. A sedimentary basin may be viewed as a number of prisms placed in juxtaposition. Equations in closed form for the gravity anomalies of 3D and 2½ D prismatic models are derived. Approximate equations for these models are also derived for rapid calculations. Efficient methods are developed for anomaly calculation by an appropriate use of the exact and approximate equations, and hence, for 3D and 2½ D modelling. The depths to the basement are adjusted iteratively by comparing the calculated anomalies with the observed anomalies. These methods are applied for analysis of the residual anomaly map of the Los Angeles Basin, California.
A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial (2020)

Background: Low-fat vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved cardiovascular health.
Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. A review. (1983)

Coronary arterial spasm plays an important role iun the production not only of variant angina but, also, of resting angina other than variant angina, of some exertional angina, and of some acute myocardial infarction. Coronary arterial spasm is most likely to occur at rest, particularly from midnight to early morning, and is usually not provoked by exercise in the daytime. This is related to the fact that the tone of coronary artery is increased from midnight to early morning, whereas it is decreased in the daytime after physical activities. Coronary arterial spasm can be induced by exercise, cold pressor test, hyperventilation, Valsalva maneuver, and the administration of pharmacological agents such as sympathomimetic agents (epinephrine, norepinephrine, etc.), beta-blocking agents (propranolol, etc.), parasympathomimetic agents (methacholine, pilocarpine, etc.), ergot alkaloids (ergonovine, ergotamine, etc.), alcohol, and others, particularly in the morning when spontaneous coronary arterial spasm is most likely to occur. Diltiazem and nifedipine, calcium-blocking agents, prevent coronary arterial spasm induced by these procedures in almost all patients. Phentolamine, an alpha-blocking agent, also suppresses coronary arterial spasm induced by these procedures in 81% of the patients. On the other hand, propranolol, a beta-blocking agent, is not only ineffective in suppressing coronary arterial spasm in 82% of the patients, but aggravates coronary arterial spasm in 41% of the patients. The acute attack of coronary arterial spasm can be promptly relieved by the administration of nitroglycerin.
A 125 <i>μ</i>m × 245 <i>μ</i>m Mainly Digital UHF EPC Gen2 Compatible RFID Tag in 55 nm CMOS Process (2021)

This paper presents a compact and largely digital UHF EPC Gen2-compatible RFID implemented using digital IP blocks that are easily portable. This is the first demonstration of a digital Gen2-compatible RFID tag chip with an area of 125 μm and -2 dBm sensitivity operating in the 860-960MHz band. It is enabled by a) largely standard cell-based digital implementation using dual-phase RF-only logic approach, b) near-threshold voltage operation, and c) elimination of area intensive, complex, and less scalable rectifiers, storage capacitors, and power management units used in conventional RFID tags. In this demonstration, all but six cells were directly used from the standard cell library provided by the foundry. This makes it suitable for cost-sensitive applications, and as embedded RFIDs for tagging counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs).
HIGH RESOLUTION OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY AS A USEFUL TOOL IN THE DETERMINATION OF ATOMIC HYPERFINE PARAMETERS AND ISOTOPIC SHIFTS (1983)

A survey is given concerning the work on optogalvanic spectroscopy in our laboratory done during the last two years. Use has been made of a single-mode cw dye-laser as tunable light source and liquid nitrogen cooled modified Schüler-type hollow-cathodes for generating atoms belonging to the levels under investigation and serving as optogalvanic effect sources. Together some studies on line-shapes Doppler-limited and Doppler-free hyperfine-structure studies in the spectra of Mn I, Co I and La I are presented. Hyperfine coupling constants and isotopic shifts were determined in the spectra of Yb I, Eu I and Eu II.
Variation in the Cost of Radiation Therapy Among Medicare Patients With Cancer (2015)

In this study, factors unrelated to the individual patient accounted for the majority of variation in the cost of radiation therapy, suggesting potential inefficiency in health care expenditure. Future research should determine whether this variability translates into improved patient outcomes for further evaluation of current reimbursement practices.
Smart optical receiver with automatic decision threshold setting and retiming phase alignment (1989)

The requirements for a smart optical receiver are discussed, and a design architecture suitable for introducing ICs based on automatic decision threshold setting and retiming phase alignment using digital/analog signal processing feedback is proposed. With the proposed architecture, the decision threshold level and the retiming clock phase of received data in the decision circuit are automatically adjusted to the optimum position. This obviates the need for decision threshold level and retiming clock phase adjustments in production testing, and it reduces the power penalty (receiver sensitivity degradation) on the received optical waveform variation. The power penalty caused by temperature and supply-voltage variations and aging in installation is also reduced. The performance of the proposed architecture is estimated; the power penalty as compared with the manual optimum adjustment is less than 0.4 dB, and the robustness to avalanche photodiode multiplication factor variations and crosstalk are improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The nitrilase family of CN hydrolysing enzymes - a comparative study (2003)

The enzymes nitrilase, cyanide dihydratase and cyanide hydratase are a group of closely related proteins. The proteins show significant similarities at the amino acid and protein structure level but the enzymes show many differences in catalytic capability. Nitrilases, while catalysing the hydration of nitrile to the corresponding acid, vary widely in substrate specificity. Cyanide dihydratase and cyanide hydratase use HCN as the only efficient substrate but produce acid and amide products, respectively. The similarities of all these enzymes at the amino acid level but the functional differences between them provide a rich source of material for the study of structure/function relationships in this biotechnologically important group of enzymes. This review provides an overview of current understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of this interesting group of enzymes.
Relationship of Calcium to Potato Scab (1991)

Field plots were treated with 4.5 MT/ha of dolomitic lime, an equivalent amount of gypsum (960 kg of Ca per hectare), or no Ca. At harvest, soil pHs in 1989 and 1990 were 4.4 and 4.4, 4.4 and 4.5, and 5.1 and 5.5 for nontreated, gypsum, and lime, respectively. In rows inoculated with Strepromyces scabies, incidences of tubers with scab lesions in 1989 and 1990 were 20 and 22, 18 and 22, and 53 and 80%, respectively, for the same treatments (...)
Selection of Scale Inhibitor for Geothermal Applications (2013)

Abstract Siliceous scaling deposition from geothermal brine is recognized as detrimental to the smooth operation of steam generation and brine injection facilities; the control of such deposition is costly and poorly understood. Scales normally encountered in geothermal wells are often different from the conventional cases. Silica (amorphous and colloidal) and poorly crystallized metal silicates are the most common scale types in geothermal applications. There are a number of ways to control this type of scaling, including both engineering (e.g. maintain pressure and temperature) and chemical means (e.g. controlled precipitation and inhibition). This paper will focus on preventive techniques by the use of chemical inhibitors. Currently, there are no standard or generally accepted laboratory test methods to study these types of fouling problems. However, using a low-pressure test method and testing apparatus, we were able to rank the scaling inhibition performance of several generic chemicals. Furthermore, the chemical was successfully packaged into formulations that were suitable to a specific geothermal well condition where large amounts of iron were present, complicated by the co-deposition of barium sulfate scale. The mechanisms of silica/metal silicate scale formation and inhibition, including the verification test using a high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) apparatus for this geothermal application, are discussed in this paper.
Control strategies for aircraft airframe noise reduction (2013)

With the development of low-noise aircraft engine, airframe noise now represents a major noise source during the commercial aircraft’s approach to landing phase. Noise control efforts have therefore been extensively focused on the airframe noise problems in order to further reduce aircraft overall noise. In this review, various control methods explored in the last decades for noise reduction on airframe components including high-lift devices and landing gears are summarized. We introduce recent major achievements in airframe noise reduction with passive control methods such as fairings, deceleration plates, splitter plates, acoustic liners, slat cove cover and side-edge replacements, and then discuss the potential and control mechanism of some promising active flow control strategies for airframe noise reduction, such as plasma technique and air blowing/suction devices. Based on the knowledge gained throughout the extensively noise control testing, a few design concepts on the landing gear, high-lift devices and whole aircraft are provided for advanced aircraft low-noise design. Finally, discussions and suggestions are given for future research on airframe noise reduction.
A review of predictive control techniques for matrix converter applications (2017)

Predictive control has recently emerged as a promising alternative to more traditional methods for the control and modulation of power converters. This paper presents an overview of predictive control techniques applied to matrix converters. The paper highlights that predictive control strategy is a promising alternative to conventional modulator based linear control for matrix converters due to its simplicity and flexibility to include additional constraints within the control to have it suitable for different applications. In addition to describing many advantages of predictive control techniques, its limitations and weaknesses are also discussed along with some future trends and applications. Most important control aspects of predictive control are demonstrated through simulation analysis.
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic diblock copolymer of polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol using ethanolamine-benzophenone as photochemical binary initiation system (1998)

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polystyrene (PS), which are very difficult to prepare by common polymerization methods, have been obtained by initiation of the polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate successively, followed by hydrolysis, using the ethanolamine–benzophenone (BP) charge-transfer complex (CTC). The effects of solvents, concentration of monomer, BP, ethanolamine, and PS prepolymer, with a reactive imino group (PSa), on the photo-induced charge-transfer polymerization (CTP) of St and block copolymerization of VAc are discussed. The copolymer of PS-b-PVAc and the hydrolyzed product, PS-b-PVA, were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and GPC in detail. The effect of PS chain length on the crystallization of PVA was described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 109–115, 1998
Maria Pia Donato, David Armando, Massimo Cattaneo et Jean-François Chauvard (dir.), Atlante storico dell’Italia rivoluzionaria e napoleonica (2015)

Il faut féliciter l’École française de Rome d’avoir osé éditer cet atlas original et stimulant, rédigé par une équipe de vingt-trois chercheurs italiens et français. Divisé en dix sections confiées chacune à un ou deux responsables, l’atlas propose de copieux articles illustrés par des cartes et des graphiques de grande qualité, même si quelques cartes sont parfois d’une lecture peu aisée (un chapitre liminaire expose les modalités qui ont présidé à leur élaboration). Les thèmes retenus sont ...
Liver PPARα is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD (2016)

Altogether, these findings underscore the potential of hepatocyte PPARα as a drug target for NAFLD.
Detection of Proteinases in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>by Flow Cytometry (2005)

The physiological state of a yeast population used for inoculation determines how rapidly the cells adapt to new environmental conditions, begin proliferating and utilising extract. The decision as to whether a yeast culture is suitable for re-pitching should not be based only on viability determinations since this can be misleading. Increased proteolytic activity in a yeast population indicates the onset of senescence. A flow cytometric method has been developed for measuring a wide variety of proteinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae employing a commercially available casein-dye conjugate. The detection of intracellular proteinase activity gives an early indication of apoptotic events and allows improved assessment of the physiological state of a yeast population. This knowledge will assist the industry to optimize the selection of yeast and its subsequent fermentation performance. Yeast cell autolysis with all its negative consequences for beer quality and stability will thus be minimised.
The relationship between ensemble quantum computing logical gates and NMR pulse sequence engineering exemplified by the SWAP operation (2000)

This paper describes how to derive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences suitable as ensemble quantum computing logical gates by known systematic tools for design of pulse sequences in NMR spectroscopy. This is in contrast to the current trend of developing NMR pulse sequences for ensemble quantum computing independent of established NMR spectroscopic technology, although many of the pertinent spin manipulations are already known in NMR spectroscopy. The SWAP operation is discussed in detail and one version is only (2J)−1long, which compares favorably with 3(2J)−1 in a recent implementation (Linden N, Barjat H, Kupce E, Freeman R. Chem Phys Lett 1999; 307:198–204). Alternatively, the number of π pulses can be reduced in that sequence. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 389–395, 2000
SuperGlue: a programming environment for scientific visualization (1992)

Visualization environments have two audiences: scientists and programmers. We suggest that many existing platforms overemphasize ease-of-use and do not adequately address issues of extensibility. We have built a visualization testbed, called SuperGlue, which is particularly suited for the rapid development of new visualization methods. An interpreter supports rapid development of new code and an extensive class hierarchy encourages code reuse.By explicitly designing for ease of programming, we have produced a visualization system which is powerful, easy to use, and rapidly improving. This report describes the motivation of the work, the architecture of the system, and our plans for further development.
Loss of Transposase-DNA Interaction May Underlie the Divergence of mariner Family Transposable Elements and the Ability of More than One mariner to Occupy the Same Genome (2001)

Mariners are a large family of eukaryotic DNA-mediated transposable elements that move via a cut-and-paste mechanism. Several features of the evolutionary history of mariners are unusual. First, they appear to undergo horizontal transfer commonly between species on an evolutionary timescale. They can do this because they are able to transpose using only their own self-encoded transposase and not host-specific factors. One consequence of this phenomenon is that more than one kind of mariner can be present in the same genome. We hypothesized that two mariners occupying the same genome would not interact. We tested the limits of mariner interactions using an in vitro transposition system, purified mariner transposases, and DNAse I footprinting. Only mariner elements that were very closely related to each other (ca. 84% identity) cross-mobilized, and then inefficiently. Because of the dramatic suppression of transposition between closely related elements, we propose that to isolate elements functionally, only minor changes might be necessary between elements, in both inverted terminal repeat and amino acid sequence. We further propose a mechanism to explain mariner diversification based on this phenomenon.
Application of slow-release tablets to enhance white pine regeneration: growth response and efficacy against white pine blister rust (2006)

Three field studies were established in northeastern Ontario to test the ability of slow-release tablets to provide prophylactic protection against white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) and thereby improve the long-term survival, health, and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings. Experimental treatments included factorial rate combinations the fungicide triadimefon (Bayleton ® ), the insecticide imidacloprid (Merit ® ), and fertilizer (NPK, 15:8.5:3.75). Mean foliar fungicide residues increased to maximal levels (0.21 to 3.1 µg/g fresh mass (fm)) within 1 to 2 years posttreatment and declined markedly to <0.3 µg/g fm 3 to 4 years posttreatment. Dose-dependent and temporal trends observed in foliar residue levels were reflected by parallel trends in efficacy. At ≥2000 ppm triadimefon, infection rates were reduced to between 35% and 70% and mortality rates were reduced to between 6% and 52% over seven growing seasons across the three sites. In contrast, untreated seedlings had infection rates between 60% and 98% and mortality rates between 30% and 90%. Neither fungicide nor insecticide treatments had significant effects on surviving seedling growth. Differences in fungicide uptake, disease incidence, and seedling growth in response to fertilization were observed among the three sites. Direct weed control, provided at one site, appeared to offer relatively greater health and growth benefits than fertilization.
Dynamics of Ionic Liquid-Assisted Refolding of Denatured Cytochrome <i>c</i>: A Study of Preferential Interactions toward Renaturation (2018)

In vitro refolding of denatured protein and the influence of the alkyl chain on the refolding of a protein were tested using long chain imidazolium chloride salts, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride [C<sub>8</sub>mim][Cl], and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C<sub>10</sub>mim][Cl]. The horse heart cytochrome c (h-cyt c) was denatured by urea and guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl), as well as by base-induced denaturation at pH 13, to provide a broad overview of the overall refolding behavior. The variation in the alkyl chain of the ionic liquids (ILs) showed a profound effect on the refolding of denatured h-cyt c. The ligand-induced refolding was correlated to understand the mechanism of the conformational stability of proteins in aqueous solutions of ILs. The results showed that the long chain ILs having the [C<sub>8</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> and [C<sub>10</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> cations promote the refolding of alkali-denatured h-cyt c. The IL having the [C<sub>10</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> cation efficiently refolded the alkali-denatured h-cyt c with the formation of the MG state, whereas the IL having the [C<sub>8</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> cation, which is known to be compatible for protein stability, shows slight refolding and forms a different transition state. The lifetime results show successful refolding of alkaline-denatured h-cyt c by both of the ILs, however, more refolding was observed in the case of [C<sub>10</sub>mim][Cl], and this was correlated with the fast and medium lifetimes (τ<sub>1</sub> and τ<sub>2</sub>) obtained, which show an increase accompanied by an increase in secondary structure. The hydrophobic interactions plays an important role in the refolding of chemically and alkali-denatured h-cyt c by long chain imidazolium ILs. The formation of the MG state by [C<sub>10</sub>mim][Cl] was also confirmed, as some regular structure exists far below the CMC of IL. The overall results suggested that the [C<sub>10</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> cation bound to the unfolded h-cyt c triggers its refolding by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that stabilize the MG state.
An SDN orchestrator for resources chaining in cloud data centers (2014)

The oversubscription of intra-Data Center links and the high volatility of Virtual Machine deployments require a flexible and agile control of the Data Center network infrastructure, possibly coordinated with computing and storage resources control. In this scenario, the Software-Defined Networking paradigm opens up new opportunities to design orchestrated resources control strategies able to meet the dynamically-changing traffic demands of instantiated Virtual Machines. This paper presents the architectural design of an SDN-based orchestrator for dynamic computing and communication resources chaining, able to assure better than best effort VMs data exchanges across Cloud Data Centers. Moreover, the paper evaluates a number of different chaining strategies able to dynamically compose proper pool of resources based on their variable load. Such strategies are compared against specific management objectives using both simulations and experiments showing their effectiveness in terms of resource usage and service provisioning rate.