gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced permeabilities of cationized‐bovine serum albumins at the blood‐nerve and blood‐brain barriers in awake rats (1992)

Permeability-surface area products (PAs) of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to 125I-labeled native bovine serum albumin (nBSA, pI approximately 4), and to 2 cationized albumins (cBSA) of differing pI (pI approximately 8 and 11), were quantitatively determined in awake rats, using an i.v. bolus injection technique. Mean PAs of the BNB and BBB to 125I-nBSA, after a circulation time of up to 120 min, were (0.17 +/- 0.23) and (0.09 +/- 0.05) x 10(-5) ml/s.g. wet wt, respectively (n = 12 rats), and were not significantly different from 0 (P greater than 0.05). Mean PAs of the BNB and BBB to 125I-cBSA (pI approximately 8), after circulation time of 12 min, were (1.9 +/- 0.1) and (1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(-5) ml/s.g wet wt, respectively (n = 8). Significant greater PAs, at both the BNB and BBB to 125I-cBSA (pI approximately 11) [(8.2 +/- 1.8) and (3.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-5) ml/s.g wet wt, respectively (n = 12)], than both PA's of nBSA and cBSA (pI approximately 8) were found. The accumulation of 125I-cBSA in epi-perineurial tissues also was higher than that of 125I-nBSA, and was related to the degree of cationization. Our results indicate that, as at the BBB, the transfer of cationized serum albumin is enhanced over that of native albumin at the BNB of the mammalian peripheral nerve.
Tips and tricks for better usability test recommendations (2006)

In this SIG experienced usability professionals will share tips and tricks for useful and usable recommendations resulting from usability tests. The discussion will be based on carefully analyzed, real-world examples.
Effect of Aging on A1C Levels in Individuals Without Diabetes (2008)

A1C levels are positively associated with age in nondiabetic populations even after exclusion of subjects with IFG and/or IGT. Further studies are needed to determine whether age-specific diagnostic and treatment criteria would be appropriate.
Assessment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 3D ultrashort echo‐time MR imaging (2009)

This work demonstrates the potential of ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging for visualizing graft material and fixation elements after surgical repair of soft tissue trauma such as ligament or meniscal injury. Three asymptomatic patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using different graft fixation methods were imaged at 1.5T using a 3D UTE sequence. Conventional multislice turbo spin-echo (TSE) measurements were performed for comparison. 3D UTE imaging yields high signal from tendon graft material at isotropic spatial resolution, thus facilitating direct positive contrast graft visualization. Furthermore, metal and biopolymer graft fixation elements are clearly depicted due to the high contrast between the signal-void implants and the graft material. Thus, the ability of UTE MRI to visualize short-T(2) tissues such as tendons, ligaments, or tendon grafts can provide additional information about the status of the graft and its fixation in the situation after cruciate ligament repair. UTE MRI can therefore potentially support diagnosis when problems occur or persist after surgical procedures involving short-T(2) tissues and implants.
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α and 2α overexpression in inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

The discordant expression of HIF2alpha and VEGF in CD suggests an inherent deficiency of the intestine to respond to various stresses by the induction of VEGF. This finding should be investigated further.
Vortex-antivortex assisted magnetization dynamics in a semi-continuous thin-film model system studied by micromagnetic simulations (2005)

We have studied magnetization M dynamics in a semicontinuous 33-nm -thick Fe model system, which approaches new equilibrium states under various magnetic fields, H=0, -1, -10, and -30 Oe, starting from an initial M configuration of complex microstructures experimentally observed in a real continuous Fe film. Simulation results with H=0 clearly reveal that small needle-shaped domains and ripple structures found in a frozen state of the demagnetized Fe film continue to grow far into a surrounding 180?? domain, and that zigzag folding structures appear through the M dynamic evolution assisted by vortex and antivortex. Furthermore, it is found that many domain walls of a cross-tie type exhibit their dynamic developments under H=-10 and -30 Oe, caused by interactions between vortex and antivortex states. This vortex-antivortex assisted M dynamic evolution offers deeper insights into the comprehensive understanding of the static or dynamic properties of M reversal processes as well as additional features or more details of magnetic microstructures in real continuous films.
Towards the correlation of mechanical properties and sawing parameters of silicon wafers (2007)

The price for silicon used in the photovoltaic industry has increased dramatically over the last few years, due primarily to its high purity requirement and limited supply. Thus, for reducing the production costs, it is important to minimise the thickness and the breakage rate of the silicon substrates (“wafers”) through the entire manufacturing chain of solar cells. Today, silicon wafers are obtained from cast mono- or multi-crystalline silicon ingots using the multi-wire slurry saw (MWSS) technology. This machining process introduces defects, which are responsible, among other factors, for subsequent wafer breakage. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between the sawing parameters, the resulting (sub-) surface defects and the wafer breakage yield. In this study, the fracture strength, the crack depth distribution and the surface roughness of wafers are investigated with respect to several sawing parameters, as the abrasive grain size, its concentration in the slurry, the table speed and the wire tension. A polishing technique has been used to reveal the cracks depth, from which was measured its distribution. Furthermore, non-destructive roughness measurements have been carried out and yield strength of the wafers has been measured. Preliminary results indicate the predominant role of the abrasive grain size in the sawing quality, as well as the variation of its quality along the wire direction.
Real-world circulating tumor DNA analysis depicts resistance mechanism and clonal evolution in ALK inhibitor-treated lung adenocarcinoma patients (2022)

Sequential postprogression plasma profiling revealed that increased lines of ALK inhibitors can accelerate the accumulation of ALK resistance mutations and may lead to treatment-refractory compound ALK mutations. The selection for optimal first-line TKI is very important to achieve a more efficacious long-term strategy and prevent the emergence of on-target resistance, which may provide guidance for clinical decision making.
18S Measurement of the Shock Vibrations at the Wrist Joint during the Forehand Stroke and at the Elbow Joint during the Service Stroke with the Racket Strung Loosely Comparing with the Racket Strung Tightly (2001)

At the current stage, the terms used in describing the performance of a tennis racket are still based on the feeling of an experienced tester or a player. Accordingly, there are many unknowns in the relationship between the performance estimated by a player and the physical properties of a tennis racket It is often said that lower tensions increase the dwell time of the ball on the strings, offer less impact on the arm, and is better for the arm. However, there are few literatures with the experiments at the actual impact velocities. This paper investigates the effect of the string tensions on the impact shock vibrations of the arm of a tennis player. In the forehand stroke test, accelerations at the player's wrist joint and the racket handle were measured. In the service stroke test, accelerations at the player's elbow joint and the racket handle were measured. The results showed that the waveforms of the loosely strung racket and tightly strung racket are similar and there is no big difference when a male tournament player hits flat forehand drive. With the measured accelerations at the player's elbow joint and the racket handle when a male tournament player hits service at near the center of the racket face, the waveforms of the loosely strung racket and tightly strung racket were also similar and there is no big difference despite of the difference of 20 Ibs. Accordingly, it might be not correct that the looser strings are effective for the Tennis Elbow.
Performance Evaluation and Analysis for Gravity Matching Aided Navigation (2017)

Simulation tests were accomplished in this paper to evaluate the performance of gravity matching aided navigation (GMAN). Four essential factors were focused in this study to quantitatively evaluate the performance: gravity database (DB) resolution, fitting degree of gravity measurements, number of samples in matching, and gravity changes in the matching area. Marine gravity anomaly DB derived from satellite altimetry was employed. Actual dynamic gravimetry accuracy and operating conditions were referenced to design the simulation parameters. The results verified that the improvement of DB resolution, gravimetry accuracy, number of measurement samples, or gravity changes in the matching area generally led to higher positioning accuracies, while the effects of them were different and interrelated. Moreover, three typical positioning accuracy targets of GMAN were proposed, and the conditions to achieve these targets were concluded based on the analysis of several different system requirements. Finally, various approaches were provided to improve the positioning accuracy of GMAN.
Wavelet-based image fusion in multi-view three-dimensional microscopy (2011)

The described method was implemented in Matlab (The Mathworks, Inc., USA) and a graphic user interface was developed in Java. The software, together with two sample datasets, is available at http://www.die.upm.es/im/software/SPIMFusionGUI.zip A public release, free of charge for non-commercial use, is planned after the publication of this article.
On the Complexity of Solving Markov Decision Problems (2013)

Markov decision problems (MDPs) provide the foundations for a number of problems of interest to AI researchers studying automated planning and reinforcement learning. In this paper, we summarize results regarding the complexity of solving MDPs and the running time of MDP solution algorithms. We argue that, although MDPs can be solved efficiently in theory, more study is needed to reveal practical algorithms for solving large problems quickly. To encourage future research, we sketch some alternative methods of analysis that rely on the structure of MDPs.
Content extraction using diverse feature sets (2013)

The goal of content extraction or boilerplate detection is to separate the main content from navigation chrome, advertising blocks, copyright notices and the like in web pages. In this paper we explore a machine learning approach to content extraction that combines diverse feature sets and methods. Our main contributions are: a) preliminary results that show combining feature sets generally improves performance; and b) a method for including semantic information via id and class attributes applicable to HTML5. We also show that performance decreases on a new benchmark data set that better represents modern chrome.
A 45-dB, 150-Hz, and 18-mW Touch Controller for On-Cell Capacitive TSP Systems (2014)

A touch controller is proposed for on-cell capacitive touch screen panel systems, which adopts a newly proposed peaking noise detector and low-frequency rejection filters. Implemented in a 0.35-μmCMOS, the proposed touch controller with 3.3-V drive signal shows the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and scan rate of 45 dB and 150 Hz, respectively, while consuming 18 mW from a 3.3-V supply.
DRAND: Distributed Randomized TDMA Scheduling for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

This paper presents a distributed implementation of RAND, a randomized time slot scheduling algorithm, called DRAND. DRAND runs in O(\delta ) time and message complexity where \delta is the maximum size of a two-hop neighborhood in a wireless network while message complexity remains O(\delta ), assuming that message delays can be bounded by an unknown constant. DRAND is the first fully distributed version of RAND. The algorithm is suitable for a wireless network where most nodes do not move, such as wireless mesh networks and wireless sensor networks. We implement the algorithm in TinyOS and demonstrate its performance in a real testbed of Mica2 nodes. The algorithm does not require any time synchronization and is shown to be effective in adapting to local topology changes without incurring global overhead in the scheduling. Because of these features, it can also be used even for other scheduling problems such as frequency or code scheduling (for FDMA or CDMA) or local identifier assignment for wireless networks where time synchronization is not enforced. We further evaluate the effect of the time-varying nature of wireless links on the conflict-free property of DRAND-assigned time slots. This experiment is conducted on a 55-node testbed consisting of the more recent MicaZ sensor nodes.
[Effects of a new pharmacological complex (silybin + vitamin-E + phospholipids) on some markers of the metabolic syndrome and of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatic steatosis. Preliminary study]. (2005)

Our data have a role of suggestion to further evaluate, through a controlled trial, a possible therapeutic use of this new compound in the management of patients with NAFLD.
Small Molecule Cyclic Amide and Urea Based Thickeners for Organic and sc-CO<sub>2</sub>/Organic Solutions (2016)

A series of cyclic amide and urea materials were prepared and screened as small molecule thickeners for organic solvents, dense CO2, and mixtures thereof. In addition to a cyclohexane or benzene core, both of which are mildly CO2-phobic, these molecules contained either ester, amide, or urea groups responsible for establishing intermolecular interactions necessary for increasing solution viscosity. These groups also function to connect siloxane or heavily acetylated CO2-philic segments to the cyclic core of the thickener molecule. Many of these compounds were shown to thicken conventional organic liquids (e.g., toluene, hexane), usually after heating and cooling the mixture. A propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane-functionalized benzene trisurea material was also shown to thicken compressed liquid propane and butane. Attaining solubility and self-assembly in CO2 proved more challenging, however. Several ester, amide, and urea containing compounds were discovered that are soluble in dense CO2 at low loadings (0.5–2 wt %). For linear siloxane segments, increasing the number of silicon atoms provides greater solubility in dense CO2. Branched siloxane segments were shown to have superior solubility characteristics in dense CO2 to linear siloxanes of similar silicon content. However, only the propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane-functionalized benzene trisurea and trisureas functionalized with varying proportions of propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane and propyl-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-butyl groups exhibited remarkable viscosity increases (e.g., 3–300-fold at 0.5–2.0 wt %) in CO2, although high concentrations of an organic cosolvent (18–48 wt %) such as hexane were required to attain dissolution in CO2.
Construction and Characterization of Two Recombinant Bacteria That Grow on <i>ortho</i> - and <i>para</i> -Substituted Chlorobiphenyls (1999)

Cloning and expression of the aromatic ring dehalogenation genes in biphenyl-growing, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-cometabolizing Comamonas testosteroni VP44 resulted in recombinant pathways allowing growth on ortho- and para-chlorobiphenyls (CBs) as a sole carbon source. The recombinant variants were constructed by transformation of strain VP44 with plasmids carrying specific genes for dehalogenation of chlorobenzoates (CBAs). Plasmid pE43 carries the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 142 ohb genes coding for the terminal oxygenase (ISPOHB) of the ortho-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, whereas plasmid pPC3 contains the Arthrobacter globiformis KZT1 fcb genes, which catalyze the hydrolytic para-dechlorination of 4-CBA. The parental strain, VP44, grew only on low concentrations of 2- and 4-CB by using the products from the fission of the nonchlorinated ring of the CBs (pentadiene) and accumulated stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding CBAs. The recombinant strains VP44(pPC3) and VP44(pE43) grew on, and completely dechlorinated high concentrations (up to 10 mM), of 4-CBA and 4-CB and 2-CBA and 2-CB, respectively. Cell protein yield corresponded to complete oxidation of both biphenyl rings, thus confirming mineralization of the CBs. Hence, the use of CBA dehalogenase genes appears to be an effective strategy for construction of organisms that will grow on at least some congeners important for remediation of PCBs.
Study on multi-view video based on IOT and its application in intelligent security system (2013)

As a kind of interactive multimedia applications, multi-view video represents the trend of next multimedia application in network, interaction and reality. Especially in the IOT (Internet of things) environment, its application will be more extensive and in-depth. This paper briefly introduces the multi-view video technology, explains the principle and coding structure of multi-view video, discusses two kinds of video monitoring applications mode in Internet of things, focuses on the application of the intelligent security systems in the IOT environment, introduces the application prospect of multi-view video and the existing challenges at the end.
Three-dimensional display of data obtained by single photon emission computed tomography (1987)

Three-dimensional display of radioactive distributions has been achieved using data generated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Computer techniques for constructing images are presented and the special problems associated with manipulating SPECT data are reviewed. The potential role of three-dimensional imaging in nuclear medicine is discussed and SPECT studies from several illustrative cases are presented.
Intergovernmental relations in Japan: models and perspectives (2001)

This paper argues that changes in intergovernmental relations in Japan in the post-war period are best understood in terms of an integrationist as opposed to a separationist model. While the latter model emphasizes the benefits of autonomy for local governments and of competition among them, the former stresses the benefits of minimizing coordination problems and building capacity through the sharing of staff and responsibilities among different levels of government.
Genome Mining and Evolutionary Analysis Reveal Diverse Type III Polyketide Synthase Pathways in Cyanobacteria (2021)

Cyanobacteria are prolific producers of natural products, including polyketides and hybrid compounds thereof. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are of particular interest, due to their wide substrate specificity and simple reaction mechanism, compared with both type I and type II PKSs. Surprisingly, only two type III PKS products, hierridins, and (7.7)paracyclophanes, have been isolated from cyanobacteria. Here, we report the mining of 517 cyanobacterial genomes for type III PKS biosynthesis gene clusters. Approximately 17% of the genomes analyzed encoded one or more type III PKSs. Together with already characterized type III PKSs, the phylogeny of this group of enzymes was investigated. Our analysis showed that type III PKSs in cyanobacteria evolved into three major lineages, including enzymes associated with 1) (7.7)paracyclophane-like biosynthesis gene clusters, 2) hierridin-like biosynthesis gene clusters, and 3) cytochrome b5 genes. The evolutionary history of these enzymes is complex, with some sequences partitioning primarily according to speciation and others putatively according to their reaction type. Protein modeling showed that cyanobacterial type III PKSs generally have a smaller active site cavity (mean = 109.035 Å3) compared with enzymes from other organisms. The size of the active site did not correlate well with substrate size, however, the "Gatekeeper" amino acid residues within the active site were strongly correlated to enzyme phylogeny. Our study provides unprecedented insight into the distribution, diversity, and molecular evolution of cyanobacterial type III PKSs, which could facilitate the discovery, characterization, and exploitation of novel enzymes, biochemical pathways, and specialized metabolites from this biosynthetically talented clade of microorganisms.
Effects of α-adrenoreceptor antagonists on apoptosis and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (2008)

The expression of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoreceptors is different in PC-2 and PC-3 cell lines, which might be indicative of their different functions. The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, can inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines and induce their apoptosis, suggesting that yohimbine can be used as an anticancer drug for apoptosis of PC-2 and PC-3 cells.
2‐Chloro‐4,5‐dihydroimidazole, Part X. Revisiting route to <i>N</i>‐heteroarylimidazolidin‐2‐ones (2002)

Abstract The ureidation reactions of 2‐ and 4‐picoline N ‐oxides with 2‐chloro‐4,5‐dihydroimidazole are described. A mechanism of novel thioureidation reaction of 4‐picoline N ‐oxide with 2‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1 H ‐imidazol‐2‐ylthioxy)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1 H ‐imidazole is proposed. Structural assignment is confirmed by 1 H and 13 C nmr as well as by X‐ray crystallography.
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B: From Clone to Clinic (2007)

Nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was first discovered in 1986 in the nucleus of the B cell as an enhancer in the kappa immunoglobulin chain. However, this factor has identified in the cytoplasm in the resting state. When activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, carcinogens, stress, ionizing radiation, and growth factors; NF-kappaB translocates to the nucleus where it upregulates the expression of over 400 different gene products linked with inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. The activation of NF-kappaB has now been linked with a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer and pulmonary, autoimmune, skin, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders. Indeed, constitutive NF-kappaB activation frequently correlates with the proliferation, survival, chemoresistance, radioresistance, and progression of various cancers. Hence, NF-kappaB has both diagnostic and prognostic applications. In addition, pharmaceutical companies are aggressively pursuing development of inhibitors of NF-kappaB with therapeutic potential. Thus within last decades this transcription factor, discovered serendipitously, has moved from "clone to clinic".
Thiyl Radicals Abstract Hydrogen Atoms from the <sup>α</sup>C−H Bonds in Model Peptides:  Absolute Rate Constants and Effect of Amino Acid Structure (2003)

Thiyl radicals are important intermediates in biological oxidative stress and enzymatic reactions, for example, the ribonucleotide reductases. On the basis of the homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) only, the (alpha)C-H bonds of peptides and proteins would present suitable targets for hydrogen abstraction by thiyl radicals. However, additional parameters such as polar and conformational effects may control such hydrogen-transfer processes. To evaluate the potential of thiyl radicals for hydrogen abstraction from (alpha)C-H bonds, we provide the first absolute rate constants for these reactions with model peptides. Thiyl radicals react with (alpha)C-H bonds with rate constants between 1.7 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) (N-acetylproline amide) and 4 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) (sarcosine anhydride). However, the correlation of rate constants with BDEs is poor. Rather, these reactions may be controlled by conformation and dynamic flexibility around the (alpha)C-H bonds.