gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Isoform Switching in Mammary Oncogenesis (2008)

We identified the IIIb C2 epithelial cell-specific splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2 IIIb C2) receptor tyrosine kinase in a screen for activated oncogenes expressed in T-47D human breast carcinoma cells. We found FGFR2 IIIb C2 expression in breast carcinoma cell lines and, additionally, expression of the mesenchymal-specific FGFR2 IIIc splice variant in invasive breast carcinomas. FGFR2 IIIc expression was associated with loss of epithelial markers and gain of mesenchymal markers. Although FGFR2 IIIb is expressed in epithelial cells, previous studies on FGFR2 IIIb transformation have focused on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Therefore, we compared the transforming activities of FGFR2 IIIb C2 in RIE-1 intestinal cells and several mammary epithelial cells. FGFR2 IIIb C2 caused growth transformation of epithelial cells but morphologic transformation of only NIH 3T3 cells. FGFR2 IIIb C2-transformed NIH 3T3, but not RIE-1 cells, showed persistent activation of Ras and increased cyclin D1 protein expression. NIH 3T3 but not RIE-1 cells express keratinocyte growth factor, a ligand for FGFR2 IIIb C2. Ectopic treatment with keratinocyte growth factor caused FGFR2 IIIb C2-dependent morphologic transformation of RIE-1 cells, as well as cyclin D1 up-regulation, indicating that both ligand-independent and stromal cell-derived, ligand-dependent mechanisms contribute to RIE-1 cell transformation. Our results support cell context distinct mechanisms of FGFR2 IIIb C2 transformation.
Radial thermoelectric generator fabricated from n‐ and p‐type conducting polymers (2016)

ABSTRACT Electrically conducting polymers are attractive for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) because of their low thermal conductivity and solution processability. In this article, we report on the performance of a radial device made from n‐ and p‐type polymers printed on paper substrates. Our thermoelectric (TE) models predict an optimized geometry for a radial device that operates under natural convective cooling alone, and herein, we report on the fabrication and performance of this new organic TEG. We used poly(nickel‐1,1,2,2‐ethenetetrathiolate) blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride)/dimethyl sulfoxide as the n‐type material and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) with Tellurium nanowires as the p‐type materials coated on paper to evaluate the TE performance. The radial TEG produced an open‐circuit voltage of 85 mV and a power density of 15 nW/cm 2 under a 45‐K temperature difference. This proof of concept was the first demonstration of a polymer‐based radial TEG that accommodated a hot pipe as the heat source and did not require active cooling because of heat spreading. This is promising for scalable and low cost TE devices for self‐powered sensor networks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44060.
CCLRU Standards for Success of Daily and Extended Wear Contact Lenses (1993)

Success in contact lens wear is often judged on the basis of patient "survival" rather than the achievement of satisfactory performance based on specific criteria. In 1971, Sarver and Harris defined a series of standards for successful polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) lens wear which incorporated criteria for wearing time, comfort, vision, ocular tissue changes, and patient appearance. In this paper we propose a revision of these criteria based on current understanding of the ocular response to contact lens wear. These revised CCLRU (Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit) standards for success are intended as realistic performance objectives, and can be applied in clinical trials to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of present and future rigid and soft contact lenses, worn for daily and extended wear.
[Cu(i)(bpp)]BF4: the first extended coordination network prepared solvothermally in an ionic liquid solvent (2002)

Use of an ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] (bmim = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) as solvent has resulted in the first extended coordination structure, the two-dimensional network [Cu(bpp)]BF4 [bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane], produced via a solvothermal route.
A mammalian fatty acid hydroxylase responsible for the formation of α-hydroxylated galactosylceramide in myelin (2005)

Hydroxylation is an abundant modification of the ceramides in brain, skin, intestinal tract and kidney. Hydroxylation occurs at the sphingosine base at C-4 or within the amide-linked fatty acid. In myelin, hydroxylation of ceramide is exclusively found at the alpha-C atom of the fatty acid moiety. alpha-Hydroxylated cerebrosides are the most abundant lipids in the myelin sheath. The functional role of this modification, however, is not known. On the basis of sequence similarity to a yeast C26 fatty acid hydroxylase, we have identified a murine cDNA encoding FA2H (fatty acid 2-hydroxylase). Transfection of FA2H cDNA in CHO cells (Chinese-hamster ovary cells) led to the formation of alpha-hydroxylated fatty acid containing hexosylceramide. An EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein)-FA2H fusion protein co-localized with calnexin, indicating that the enzyme resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. FA2H is expressed in brain, stomach, skin, kidney and testis, i.e. in tissues known to synthesize fatty acid alpha-hydroxylated sphingolipids. The time course of its expression in brain closely follows the expression of myelin-specific genes, reaching a maximum at 2-3 weeks of age. This is in agreement with the reported time course of fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity in the developing brain. In situ hybridization of brain sections showed expression of FA2H in the white matter. Our results thus strongly suggest that FA2H is the enzyme responsible for the formation of alpha-hydroxylated ceramide in oligodendrocytes of the mammalian brain. Its further characterization will provide insight into the functional role of alpha-hydroxylation modification in myelin, skin and other organs.
How to Validate a Heteromeric Ion Channel Drug Target: Assessing Proper Expression of Concatenated Subunits (2008)

Native subtypes of K+ and other ion channels are often hetero-oligomeric combinations of protein subunits. Drugs that selectively target relevant in vivo heteromers are valuable research tools and potential therapeutics. To recreate heteromeric channels as authentic drug targets, multiple subunits
Diode-pumped, High-Power CW and Modelocked Nd:YLF Lasers (2000)

Using a side-pumped, Nd:YLF slab laser design, we have obtained a TEM00- mode output power of 25.7 W with 43.5% optical efficiency and a multimode output of nearly 36 W with 46% efficiency. As an amplifier of a SESAM-mode-locked laser, the same design has allowed us to generate, with 4.5-ps pulses at a 100-MHz rate, 15.7 W of average power in the fundamental and 2.9 W of power at the fourth harmonic.
Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay (2003)

The lymphocyte proliferation assay is used as an in vitro surrogate, similar to the in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay, to assess the overall quality and character of the cellular arm of the immune response. The lymphocyte proliferation assay is used to assess congenital immune deficiencies, transient immune compromised states, and more recently, the progressive immune deficiency of HIV infection (see Note 1) (1-19).
An amino-endcapped octadecylsilane silica-based mixed-mode stationary phase for the simultaneous separation of neutral and ionizable components in fixed-dose combinations (2019)

An amino-endcapped octadecylsilane silica-based mixed-mode stationary phase (ODS–APS) was prepared by a three-step vapor deposition method for simultaneous separation of neutral and ionizable compounds in fixed-dose combinations.
An adaptive 16/64 kHz, 9-bit SAR ADC with peak-aligned sampling for neural spike recording (2014)

This paper presents a novel method and circuit for feature-driven data acquisition in single neuron recording. By dynamically adjusting the phase of the sampling clock in a Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC), the samples can be maximally aligned to the spike extrema (peaks). This is achieved by using spike detection to switch from a `coarse' to `fine' sampling clock, and triggering a peak-search algorithm to determine the offset between the peak occurrence and the coarse clock. Subsequent samples are then aligned to the peak by shifting the coarse clock by the measured offset. This adaptive sampling scheme thus allows for improved temporal precision on features of interest (i.e. peaks) whilst maintaining a coarse effective sampling rate, also minimising power consumption. The proposed method reduces the output data bandwidth by approximately 70% in comparison to a fixed-sampling rate data converter that would achieve similar precision in peak alignment. The circuit implementation achieves 9-bit resolution with a 93 fJ/conversion-step energy efficiency in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology.
Sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant drug, stimulates human cytomegalovirus replication (1995)

Valproic acid (VPA), a simple branched-chain fatty acid having anticonvulsant activity and used in the treatment of many forms of epilepsy, markedly stimulated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). The maximum level of stimulation was reached when cells were treated for 24 h before infection. The enhancement of virus replication correlated with an increase in the number of immediate early (IE) and early (E) antigen-positive cells. VPA also induced expression of IE antigens after transfection of fibroblasts with a plasmid containing the entire IE1-2 region. Moreover, VPA stimulated the HCMV IE1-2 promoter/enhancer-mediated expression of beta-galactosidase in a stably transfected Jurkat T cell line. Recently, VPA was shown to inhibit glutathione reductase in human red blood cells, but an action through the glutathione metabolic pathway can be eliminated in this case, since VPA decreased the intracellular level of glutathione in Jurkat T cells but not in MRC-5 cells. The ability of VPA to stimulate HCMV replication provides an attractive model for studying the molecular mechanism of the regulation of HCMV IE1-2 gene expression.
Accelerating vapor condensation with daytime radiative cooling (2019)

Vapor condensation plays a crucial role in solar water-purification technologies. Conventional condensers in solar water-purification systems do not provide sufficient cooling power for vapor condensation, limiting the water production rate to 0.4 L m<sup>-2</sup> hour<sup>-1</sup>. On the other hand, radiative dew condensation, a technique used by existing radiative dew condensers, only works at nighttime and is incompatible with solar water-purification technologies. Here, we develop daytime radiative condensers that reflect almost all solar radiation, and can thus create dew water even in direct sunlight. Compared to stateof- art condensers, our daytime radiative condenser doubles the production of purified water over a 24-hour period.
Fast-Wave Heating of Two-Ion Plasmas in the Princeton Large Torus through Minority-Cyclotron-Resonance Damping (1979)

Strong minority proton heating is produced in the Princeton Large Torus through ioncyclotron resonance damping of fast waves at moderate rf power levels. In addition to demonstrating good proton confinement, the proton energy distribution is consistent with Fokker-Planck theory which provides the prescription for extrapolation of this heating regime to higher rf power levels and other minority species.
Closing the Generalization Gap of Adaptive Gradient Methods in Training Deep Neural Networks (2018)

Adaptive gradient methods, which adopt historical gradient information to automatically adjust the learning rate, despite the nice property of fast convergence, have been observed to generalize worse than stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum in training deep neural networks. This leaves how to close the generalization gap of adaptive gradient methods an open problem. In this work, we show that adaptive gradient methods such as Adam, Amsgrad, are sometimes "over adapted". We design a new algorithm, called Partially adaptive momentum estimation method, which unifies the Adam/Amsgrad with SGD by introducing a partial adaptive parameter $p$, to achieve the best from both worlds. We also prove the convergence rate of our proposed algorithm to a stationary point in the stochastic nonconvex optimization setting. Experiments on standard benchmarks show that our proposed algorithm can maintain a fast convergence rate as Adam/Amsgrad while generalizing as well as SGD in training deep neural networks. These results would suggest practitioners pick up adaptive gradient methods once again for faster training of deep neural networks.
Identification of Novel Epigenetic Markers of Prostate Cancer by NotI-Microarray Analysis (2015)

A significant need for reliable and accurate cancer diagnostics and prognosis compels the search for novel biomarkers that would be able to discriminate between indolent and aggressive tumors at the early stages of disease. The aim of this work was identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers for characterization of different types of prostate tumors. NotI-microarrays with 180 clones associated with chromosome 3 genes/loci were applied to determine genetic and epigenetic alterations in 33 prostate tumors. For 88 clones, aberrations were detected in more than 10% of tumors. The major types of alterations were DNA methylation and/or deletions. Frequent methylation of the discovered loci was confirmed by bisulfite sequencing on selective sampling of genes: FGF12, GATA2, and LMCD1. Three genes (BHLHE40, BCL6, and ITGA9) were tested for expression level alterations using qPCR, and downregulation associated with hypermethylation was shown in the majority of tumors. Based on these data, we proposed the set of potential biomarkers for detection of prostate cancer and discrimination between prostate tumors with different malignancy and aggressiveness: BHLHE40, FOXP1, LOC285205, ITGA9, CTDSPL, FGF12, LOC440944/SETD5, VHL, CLCN2, OSBPL10/ZNF860, LMCD1, FAM19A4, CAND2, MAP4, KY, and LRRC58. Moreover, we probabilistically estimated putative functional relations between the genes within each set using the network enrichment analysis.
Studies on the biosynthesis of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1977)

The origin of the skeletal carbons in the lactone ring of 16-membered macrolide antiobiotics has been studied. 13C-labeled antibiotics leucomycin and tylosin, have been obtained from the culture broth of Streptomyces kitasatoensis 66-14-3 and Streptomyces fradiae C-373, respectively in the presence of appropriate 13C-labeled precursors, and 13C NMR spectra of the antibiotics thus obtained have been measured. It was shown that the aglycone of leucomycin A3 is derived from five acetates, one propionate, one butyrate, and an unknown precursor corresponding to two carbons. The formyl carbon which is characteristic of the basic 16-membered macrolides orginates from C-4 butyrate. On the other hand, the aglycone of tylosin is formed from two acetates, five propionates and one butyrate. Butyric acid and ethylmalonic acid are metabolized to propionyl-CoA or methylmolonyl-CoA through a pathway involving methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and subsequently incorporated into the lactone ring of tylosin.
Status and conservation of parrots and parakeets in the Greater Antilles, Bahama Islands, and Cayman Islands (1991)

Summary In the 1490S a minimum of 28 species of psittacines occurred in the West Indies. Today, only 43% (12) of the species survive. All macaws and most parakeet species have been lost. Although the surviving parrot fauna of the Greater Antilles, Cayman Islands, and Bahama Islands has fared somewhat better than that of the Lesser Antilles, every species has undergone extensive reductions of populations and all but two have undergone extensive reductions in range, mostly as a result of habitat loss, but also from persecution as agricultural pests, conflicts with exotic species, harvesting for pets, and natural disasters. The Cayman Brae Parrot Amazona leucocephala hesterna , with its tiny population (lessthan 150 individuals in the wild) and range, and the Puerto Rican Parrot A. vittata , with 22-23 birds in the wild and 56 individuals in captivity, must be considered on the of extinction and in need of (in the tatter's case, continuing) aggressive programmes of research and management. Other populations declining in numbers and range include the Yellow-billed Amazona collaria , and Black-billed A. agilis Parrots of Jamaica, Hispaniolan Parakeet Aratinga chloroptera , Hispaniolan Parrot Amazona ventralis , Cuban Parrot A. leucocephala leucocephala and, most seriously, Cuban Parakeet Aratinga euops . The population of the Grand Cayman Parrot ( Amazona leucocephala caymanensis ), although numbering only about 1,000 birds, appears stable and the current conservation programme gives hope for the survival of the race. An active conservation and public education programme has begun for the Bahama Parrot A. l. bahamensis , which still occurs in good numbers on Great Inagua Island, but is threatened on Abaco Island. Recommendations for conservation of parrots and parakeets in the region include (1) instituting term programmes of research to determine distribution, status, and ecology of each species; (2) developing conservation programmes through education and management approaches that are culturally, politically, and economically sensitive to the region; and providing and protecting habitat within suitably sized reserves.
The Relation Between Molecular Packing or Morphology and Chemical Structure or Processing Conditions: the Effect on Electronic Properties (2014)

In the past few decades, mainly two kind of organic semiconductors, namely small molecules and polymers, have been dealt with. It turns out that the difference between these two categories in terms of charge carrier transport arises from the potentially different morphologies and the molecular packing. There are many studies showing the effect of the chemical structure on the electronic properties. However, in this study, the focus is on the role of processing conditions which is found to be of at least equal importance. To study a range of morphologies and packing in as similar molecules, two systems prepared by “Click”‐type chemistry are chosen, with the major difference between them being the replacement of a flat unit with one that introduces a slight twist to the aromatic skeleton. Through AFM and X‐ray studies, it is shown that the molecule with the potentially flat geometry can exhibit a high degree of π–π stacking, leading to morphologies ranging from polycrystalline to single crystals while the other is always in the amorphous film state. The transport properties are compared using organic field effect transistor (OFETs) in both top and bottom contact configurations.
Three-Dimensional Optical Flow Method for Measurement of Volumetric Brain Deformation from Intraoperative MR Images (2000)

A three-dimensional optical flow method to measure volumetric brain deformation from sequential intraoperative MR images and preliminary clinical results from five cases are reported. Intraoperative MR images were scanned before and after dura opening, twice during tumor resection, and immediately after dura closure. The maximum cortical surface shift measured was 11 mm and subsurface shift was 4 mm. The computed deformation field was most satisfactory when the skin was segmented and removed from the images before the optical flow computation.
Analytical Expressions for the Power Spectral Density of CP-OFDM and ZP-OFDM Signals (2010)

In this letter, analytical expressions are derived for the power spectral density (PSD) of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) signals employing a cyclic prefix (CP-OFDM) or zero padding (ZP-OFDM) time guard interval. Under the relatively weak assumptions that (i) the data are independent and identically distributed on all OFDM subcarriers and (ii) the OFDM pulse shape is sufficiently localized in time, simple closed-form PSD expressions can be obtained. These expressions are then compared to existing OFDM PSD expressions and validated by inspecting the power spectra of some standardized OFDM signals.
Java database programming (1996)

Databases and the Java Programming Language An Introduction to Databases and Database Design JDBC Forward Into the Past: CardFileAbstract for JDBC Fun with Widgets Inside the tinySQL Database Management System The tinySql JDBC Driver Extending tinySQL .mSQL and MsqlJava Reimplementing the CardFile Application as an Abstract Class Connecting to Databases Using Applets Appendices Index.
A microprocessor-based arrhythmia monitor/recorder for the operating and recovery rooms. (1983)

A microprocessor-based cardiac arrhythmia monitor/recorder was designed to detect and document arrhythmias that occur during general anesthesia. A Holter tape recorder controlled by the monitor records arrhythmias and associated annotation. These condensed records are later manually scanned for final classification. The project was undertaken to build a database of arrhythmias correlated with various inhalation anesthetic agents, while simultaneously evaluating-time rhythm analysis algorithms.
Implementation of a Transmon Qubit Using Superconducting Granular Aluminum (2020)

Experiments demonstrate a superconducting qubit that leverages nonlinearity in granular aluminum, a useful step in the development of hybrid quantum circuits that combine superconductivity with other degrees of freedom.
2001 technology roadmap for semiconductors (2002)

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) is a collaborative effort within the semiconductor industry to confront the challenges implicit in Moore's law. The roadmap's goal is to present an industry-wide consensus on the "best current estimate" of its R&D needs out to a 15-year horizon. As such, the ITRS provides a guide to the efforts of companies, research organizations, and governments to improve the quality of R&D investment decisions made at all levels. The 2001 Roadmap is notable because it was developed with truly international representation. In this article, representatives of the International Technology Working Groups for Design and Test showcase some of the contributions from 839 international experts seeking to address the difficult and exciting challenges facing the design and test communities and the semiconductor industry as a whole.
Compounds with antiulcer and antisecretory activity. III: N-substituted imidazolones condensed with nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic rings (1983)

Synthese de dihydro-2,3 imidazo [4,5-b] pyridinones-2 et -pyridinethiones-2, de dihydro-8,9 purinones-8 et de dihydro-2,3 imidazo [4,5-c] pyridinones-2 N-substituees. Activite biologique, toxicite