gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> : Evidence for Limited Strain Diversity, Strain Sharing, and Identification of Unique Targets for Diagnosis (2003)

The objectives of this study were to understand the molecular diversity of animal and human strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in the United States and to identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic molecular markers to aid in disease detection, prevention, and control. Multiplex PCR of IS900 integration loci (MPIL) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to fingerprint M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from animals (n = 203) and patients with Crohn's disease (n = 7) from diverse geographic localities. Six hundred bacterial cultures, including M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 303), non-M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis mycobacteria (n = 129), and other nonmycobacterial species (n = 168), were analyzed to evaluate the specificity of two IS900 integration loci and a newly described M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequence (locus 251) as potential targets for the diagnosis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. MPIL fingerprint analysis revealed that 78% of bovine origin M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates clustered together into a major node, whereas isolates from human and ovine sources showed greater genetic diversity. MPIL analysis also showed that the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from ovine and bovine sources from the same state were more closely associated than were isolates from different geographic regions, suggesting that some of the strains are shared between these ruminant species. AFLP fingerprinting revealed a similar pattern, with most isolates from bovine sources clustering into two major nodes, while those recovered from sheep or humans were clustered on distinct branches. Overall, this study identified a high degree of genetic similarity between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains recovered from cows regardless of geographic origin. Further, the results of our analyses reveal a relatively higher degree of genetic heterogeneity among M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from human and ovine sources.
Piezoelectric Actuator Responsive to Environmental Humidity (1994)

Bending behavior responsive to environmental humidity was investigated on a PZT actuator consisting of porous and dense PZT plates (Pb0.995Nb0.01(Zr0.53Ti0.47)0.99O3). A dense PZT plate with a high electrical resistivity was bonded to a porous PZT plate by hot-pressing, which showed a large resistivity change from 1014 to 107Ω⋅cm for a change of relative humidity from 5 to 85%. In such a structure, DC voltage applied to the bonded plate gives an electric field on both parts at a low humidity, but only on the dense part at a high humidity. A bending displacement responsive to a change of humidity was observed in the bonded PZT plates under DC bias. The bending mode was similar to that of a unimorph. The hot-pressing temperature affected the microstructure and humidity sensitivity of the porous PZT plate, and then the bending behavior of the PZT actuator.
Gain Dynamics Of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (1990)

The gain dynamics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the transients associated with gain saturation and gain recovery during multichannel amplification have long characteristic times, i.e. in the 100 its-1 ms range. Such slow gain dynamics effectively prevent saturation-induced crosstalk and intermodulation distortion effects in the amplification of high-speed WDM and FDM signals.
A methodology for data hiding using images (2002)

We present a method of embedding information within digital images, called spread spectrum image steganography (SSIS) along with its payload capacity. Steganography is the science of communicating in a hidden manner. SSIS conceals a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. The hidden message can be recovered using the appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. The capacity of the steganographic channel is described and the performance of the technique is illustrated. Applications for such a data hiding scheme include in-band captioning, hidden communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, invisible map overlays, embedded control, and revision tracking.
Structure and Dynamics of Meprin β in Complex with a Hydroxamate-Based Inhibitor (2021)

The astacin protease Meprin &beta; represents an emerging target for drug development due to its potential involvement in disorders such as acute and chronic kidney injury and fibrosis. Here, we elaborate on the structural basis of inhibition by a specific Meprin &beta; inhibitor. Our analysis of the crystal structure suggests different binding modes of the inhibitor to the active site. This flexibility is caused, at least in part, by movement of the C-terminal region of the protease domain (CTD). The CTD movement narrows the active site cleft upon inhibitor binding. Compared with other astacin proteases, among those the highly homologous isoenzyme Meprin &alpha;, differences in the subsites account for the unique selectivity of the inhibitor. Although the inhibitor shows substantial flexibility in the orientation within the active site, the structural data as well as binding analyses including molecular dynamics simulations support a contribution of electrostatic interactions, presumably by arginine residues, to binding and specificity. Collectively, the results presented here and previously support an induced fit and substantial movement of the CTD upon ligand binding and, possibly, during catalysis. To the best of our knowledge, we here present the first structure of a Meprin &beta; holoenzyme containing a zinc ion and a specific inhibitor bound to the active site. The structural data will guide rational drug design and the discovery of highly potent Meprin inhibitors.
List and soft symbol output Viterbi algorithms: extensions and comparisons (1995)

The Viterbi algorithm (VA) is the maximum likelihood decoding algorithm for convolutionally encoded data. Improvements in the performance of a concatenated coding system that uses VA decoding (inner decoder) can be obtained when, in addition to the standard VA output, an indicator of the reliability of the VA decision is delivered to the outer stage of processing. Two different approaches of extending the VA are considered. In the first approach, the VA is extended with a soft output (SOVA) unit that calculates reliability values for each of the decoded output information symbols. In the second approach, coding gains are obtained by delivering a list of the L best estimates of the transmitted data sequence, namely the list Viterbi decoding algorithm (LVA). Our main interest is to evaluate the LVA and the SOVA in comparison with each other, determine suitable applications for both algorithms and to construct extended versions of the LVA and the SOVA with low complexity that perform the task of the other algorithm. We define a list output VA using the output symbol reliability information of the SOVA to generate a list of size L and that also has a lower complexity than the regular LVA for a long list size. We evaluate the list-SOVA in comparison to the LVA. Further, we introduce a low complexity soft symbol output viterbi algorithm that accepts the (short) list output of the LVA and calculates for each of the decoded information bits a reliability value. The complexity and the performance of the soft-LVA (LVA and soft decoding unit) is a function of the list size L. The performance of the soft-LVA and the SOVA are compared in a concatenated coding system. A new software implementation of the iterative serial version of the LVA is also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Injury-Induced Upregulation of bFGF and CNTF mRNAS in the Rat Retina (1996)

Focal mechanical injury to the retina has been shown to slow or prevent photoreceptor degeneration near the lesion site in two animal models of retinal degeneration, inherited retinal dystrophy in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and light damage in albino rats. Thus, when injured, the rat retina activates a self-protective mechanism to minimize damage. To identify injury responsive factors and cells, we examined the mRNAs for the following factors and some of their receptors: basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF, aFGF) and FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1); ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFR alpha); brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor trkB; and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGFR-1 receptor (IGF-1R). After a single mechanical lesion to the subretinal space and retina, there was a substantial increase in bFGF and CNTF expression that persisted for the entire 10 d period of study. The increase in bFGF mRNA after injury was prompt and great in amplitude, while the elevation of CNTF mRNA was relatively slower. In addition, there was a transient increase in FGFR1 mRNA. In situ hybridizations showed that the elevation of bFGF and CNTF was localized to the vicinity of the lesion. The expression of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) mRNA also increased in response to injury. These findings strongly suggest that increases in endogenous bFGF and/or CNTF play key roles in injury-induced photoreceptor rescue.
Source Coding With Distortion Side Information (2008)

The impact of side information about the distortion measure in problems of quantization is analyzed. It is shown that such "distortion side information" is not only useful in general, but that in many cases knowing it at only the encoder is as good as knowing it at both encoder and decoder, and knowing it at only the decoder is useless. Moreover, it is shown that the strategy of exploiting distortion side information at the encoder by describing it for the decoder is inefficient. Thus, distortion side information is a natural complement to side information about the source signal, as studied by Wyner and Ziv, which if available only at the decoder is often as good as knowing it at both encoder and decoder. When both types of side information are present, conditions are established under which encoder-only distortion side information and decoder-only signal side information are sufficient in the high-resolution limit, and the rate penalty for deviating from this configuration is characterized.
Musical instrument with electro-acoustic transducer for generating musical tone (1992)

First Page
5-Bromo-2-iodopyrimidine: a novel, useful intermediate in selective palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions for efficient convergent syntheses (1996)

A simple synthesis of the novel 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine is described and examples are provided of the use of the compound in selective palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions with a wide range of arylboronic acids and alkynylzincs to give the efficient syntheses of many substituted pyrimidine compounds.
79. Development and Validation of a Globally Portable Platform for Lentivirus Mediated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy (2015)

Lentivirus (LV) mediated gene therapy of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has demonstrated clinical success for a variety of diseases. However, current state-of-the-art requires ex vivo HSPC gene transfer in a dedicated Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) facility, limiting treatment to highly developed countries capable of supporting GMP infrastructure. We developed a flexible, overnight platform for efficient isolation and LV gene modification of bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ HSPCs in a closed, table top system, the Prodigy CliniMACS™, with limited requirement for additional equipment. We performed all experiments with only a biosafety cabinet and personal protective equipment to simulate anticipated conditions in clinical facilities of underdeveloped countries. Given the economic burden of mobilization, we initially designed the process for bone marrow. A total of 7 custom programs were developed based on current device memory limitations: (1) hetastarch sedimentation to deplete red blood cells (RBCs), (2) labeling CD34+ cells in the RBC-depleted product, (3) immunomagnetic enrichment of CD34+ cells, (4) initial transduction (MOI = 20 IU/cell), (5) culture overnight, (6) second transduction (MOI = 20 IU/cell) and additional culture, and (7) harvest and formulation of the final product. Addition of a pyrimidoindole derivative, UM729, permitted efficient transduction of CD34+ HSPCs in £18 hours. The process took <36 hours from bone marrow collection to infusion of the gene modified cell product, with £3 hours hands-on time. Autologous, LV gene-modified CD34+ HSPCs from two nonhuman primates produced using this platform engrafted and supported multilineage hematopoietic repopulation after myeloablative total body irradiation. Total cell doses achieved were 27 × 107 and 5.4 × 107 CD34+ cells/kg body weight, respectively. Transduction efficiency in colony-forming units was 23% and 39%, respectively. We observed stable, persistent gene marking in peripheral blood cells up to 16% within one month after infusion. Neither animal displayed evidence for increased toxicity, including potential contamination from the cell product. We then validated processing of human mobilized apheresis products. We demonstrate efficient isolation of human CD34+ HSPCs and up to 60% transduction efficiency with a clinical-grade LV currently being tested in a phase I clinical trial for treatment of HIV-associated lymphoma. Immediate release criteria for product infusion were met (negative gram stain, endotoxin <5 EU/mL and cell viability >70%). Perform-and-report testing and xenotransplantation of these gene-modified cells into immunodeficient mice for further functional testing are in progress. These data demonstrate preclinical safety and feasibility of this portable strategy for ex vivo LV gene transfer into HSPCs, representing the first globally applicable advance in translation of HSPC gene therapy.
Fracture Detection in Traumatic Pelvic CT Images (2012)

Fracture detection in pelvic bones is vital for patient diagnostic decisions and treatment planning in traumatic pelvic injuries. Manual detection of bone fracture from computed tomography (CT) images is very challenging due to low resolution of the images and the complex pelvic structures. Automated fracture detection from segmented bones can significantly help physicians analyze pelvic CT images and detect the severity of injuries in a very short period. This paper presents an automated hierarchical algorithm for bone fracture detection in pelvic CT scans using adaptive windowing, boundary tracing, and wavelet transform while incorporating anatomical information. Fracture detection is performed on the basis of the results of prior pelvic bone segmentation via our registered active shape model (RASM). The results are promising and show that the method is capable of detecting fractures accurately.
All solid photonic bandgap fiber based on an array of oriented rectangular high index rods (2006)

We report the fabrication, characterization and modeling of an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) based on an array of oriented rectangular rods. Observed near-field patterns of cladding modes clearly identify the cut-off rod modes at the bandgap edges. The bend losses in this fiber depend on the bend direction, and can be understood by the directional coupling properties of the different rod modes and the modeled density of cladding states.
Consensus-based multi-piezoelectric microcantilever for scanning probe microscopy (2016)

A new multi-piezoelectric microcantilever sensor is introduced in this article for replacing laser sensors in atomic force microscopes. This microcantilever consists of multiple piezoelectric layers over its surface, and a consensus algorithm is designed to provide a robust and accurate estimation of the deflections at the tip of the microcantilever. The dynamic equation set of the microcantilever is developed first and then the consensus observer is designed. A set of Riccati equations is used to obtain the optimal gains for the observer, and the robustness of the microcantilever is considered by designing a H ∞ norm constraint. A set of numerical simulations is conducted to evaluate the performance of the microcantilever. Results show that the consensus-based multi-piezoelectric microcantilever can successfully provide an accurate estimation of the deflections at the tip of the microcantilever. It is also shown that the robustness of the design can positively improve the estimation performance in the presence of noise. Additionally, a comparison with a single-layered design shows the advantages of the new sensor.
A Native-Like SOSIP.664 Trimer Based on an HIV-1 Subtype B <i>env</i> Gene (2015)

The cleaved, trimeric envelope protein complex is the only neutralizing antibody target on the HIV-1 surface. Many vaccine strategies are based on inducing neutralizing antibodies. For HIV-1, one approach involves using recombinant, soluble protein mimics of the native trimer. At present, the only reliable way to make native-like, soluble trimers in practical amounts is via the introduction of specific sequence changes that confer stability on the cleaved form of Env. The resulting proteins are known as SOSIP.664 gp140 trimers, and the current paradigm is based on the BG505 subtype A env gene. Here, we describe the production and characterization of a SOSIP.664 protein derived from a subtype B gene (B41), together with a simple, one-step method to purify native-like trimers by affinity chromatography with a trimer-specific bNAb, PGT145. The resulting trimers will be useful for structural and immunogenicity experiments aimed at devising ways to make an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
Blind Identification of Multipath Channels: A (2001)

In this paper, blind identification of single-input mul- tiple-output (SIMO) systems using second-order statistics (SOS) only is considered. Using the assumption of a specular multipath channel, we investigate a parametric variant of the so-called sub- space method. Nonparametric subspace-based methods require a precise estimation of the model order; overestimation of the model order leads to inconsistent channel estimates. We show that the parametric subspace method gives consistent channel estimates when only an upper bound of the channel order is known. A new algorithm, which exploits parametric information on the channel structure, is presented. A statistical performance analysis of the proposed parametric subspace criterion is presented; limited Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed algorithm is second-order optimal for a large class of channels.
Stretching and Breaking of Ultrathin 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites (2018)

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are recent members of the 2D materials family with wide tunability, highly dynamic structural features, and excellent physical properties. Ultrathin 2D HOIPs and their heterostructures with other 2D materials have been exploited for study of physical phenomena and device applications. The in-plane mechanical properties of 2D ultrathin HOIPs are critical for understanding the coupling between mechanical and other physical fields and for integrated devices applications. Here we report the in-plane mechanical properties of ultrathin freestanding 2D lead iodide perovskite membranes and their dependence on the membrane thickness. The in-plane Young's moduli of 2D HOIPs are smaller than that of conventional covalently bonded 2D materials. As the thickness increases from monolayer to three-layer, both the Young's modulus and breaking strength decrease, while three-layer and four-layer 2D HOIPs have almost identical in-plane mechanical properties. These thickness-dependent mechanical properties can be attributed to interlayer slippage during deformation. Our results show that ultrathin 2D HOIPs exhibit outstanding breaking strength/Young's modulus ratio compared to many other widely used engineering materials and polymeric flexible substrates, which renders them suitable for application into flexible electronic devices.
COAXIAL PULSED CORONA REACTOR FOR TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS GASES (1993)

Abstract : The destruction of hazardous gaseous chemicals has in the past been effectively accomplished using thermal techniques. Pulsed corona reactors are promising candidates for more efficient destruction of hazardous gases using a non-thermal electrical discharge at atmospheric pressure. The energy required for chemical destruction is deposited in the medium by highly energetic electrons present near the streamer head while direct heating of the neutral gas molecules is avoided. The current work emphasizes the construction of an electrically efficient, low cost pulsed corona reactor capable of treating a flow rate of 4 liters/minute. Determining optimum pulse parameters for the discharge and scaling the device to higher flow rates will be the primary focus of future work, with specific emphasis being placed on the use of fast-rising pulses (nanoseconds) of limited pulse-width (10's to 100's of nanoseconds). A testbed for chemical analysis has also been assembled and preliminary results include the electrical efficiency of the device and the chemical destruction efficiency when challenged by small concentrations of hazardous gases in ambient air.
A New Generation of Interband Cascade Lasers (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. W. Bewley, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, C. L. Canedy, I. Vurgaftman, J. Abell, J. R. Meyer; A New Generation of Interband Cascade Lasers. AIP Conf. Proc. 26 December 2011; 1416 (1): 46–48. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3671694 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
<title>Development of a new color conversion system</title> (2000)

The authors have developed a new color conversion system that can contribute to the improvement of imperfect color reproduction in various types of displays, especially those of non-CRT displays such as TFT-LCD monitors. This paper describes the new color conversion system and touches on modeling of the TFT-LCD monitors. The new system is a system that uses a new matrix calculation that we have developed. Owing to its ease in hardware application, this color conversion system allows support of motion picture display and real time processing. In addition, it enables realization of desired color conversion characteristics and it also facilitates realization of use to two and more types of color conversion characteristics by selection. The authors have also developed color conversion simulation software based upon high-accurate modeling of the TFT-LCD monitors which can be applied to a practical TFT-LCD monitor to set the parameters of new color conversion system to an optimal condition.