gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of an alkaline exonuclease and single strand annealing protein from the SXT genetic element of Vibrio cholerae (2011)

The activities of the SXT-Exo protein are consistent with it having the ability to resect the ends of linearized dsDNA molecules, forming partially ssDNA substrates for the partnering SXT-Bet single strand annealing protein. As such, SXT-Exo and SXT-Bet may function together to repair or process SXT genetic elements within infected V. cholerae cells, through facilitating homologous DNA recombination events. The results presented here significantly extend our general understanding of the properties and activities of alkaline exonuclease and single strand annealing proteins of viral/bacteriophage origin, and will assist the rational development of bacterial recombineering systems.
Ultraviolet nanoimprinted polymer nanostructure for organic light emitting diode application (2008)

Light extraction efficiency of a conventional organic light emitting diode (OLED) remains limited to approximately 20% as most of the emission is trapped in the waveguide and glass modes. An etchless simple method was developed to fabricate two-dimensional nanostructures on glass substrate directly by using ultraviolet (UV) curable polymer resin and UV nanoimprint lithography in order to improve output coupling efficiency of OLEDs. The enhancement of the light extraction was predicted by the three-dimensional finite difference time domain method. OLEDs integrated on nanoimprinted substrates enhanced electroluminance intensity by up to 50% compared to the conventional device.
Smartphone-Based Hearing Test as an Aid in the Initial Evaluation of Unilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2013)

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) can cause significant morbidity. Treatment with steroids can improve outcome. Delay in initiation of treatment reduces the chance to regain hearing. For this reason SSNHL is considered an emergency. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination and a standard audiogram, the latter requiring specialized equipment and personnel. Standard audiogram may not be available at the time and place of patient presentation. A smartphone or tablet computer-based hearing test may aid in the decision to prescribe steroids in this setting. In this study the uHear™ hearing test application was utilized. The output of this ear-level air conduction hearing test is reported in hearing grades for 6 frequencies ranging from 250 to 6000 Hz. A total of 32 patients with unilateral SSNHL proven by a standard audiogram were tested. The results of standard and iPod hearing tests were compared. Based on the accepted criterion of SSNHL (at least 30 dB loss - or 2 hearing grades - in 3 consecutive frequencies) the test had a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.91. Using a less stringent criterion of a loss of 2 hearing grades over at least 2 frequencies the sensitivity was 0.96 and specificity 0.86. The correlation coefficient for the comparison of the average hearing grade across the 6 measured frequencies of the study and standard audiogram was 0.83. uHear more accurately reflected hearing thresholds at mid and high tones. Similarly to previously published data, low frequency thresholds could be artificially elevated. In conclusion, uHear can be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with single-sided SSNHL by providing important information guiding the decision to initiate treatment before a standard audiogram is available.
Revisiting Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Reviewing Lessons Learned and Redefining Therapeutic Paradigms (2020)

Since the clinical use of digitalis as the first pharmacological therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) 235 years ago in 1785, antiarrhythmic drug therapy has advanced considerably and become a cornerstone of AF clinical management. Yet, a preventive or curative panacea for sustained AF does not exist despite the rise of AF global prevalence to epidemiological proportions. While multiple elevated risk factors for AF have been established, the natural history and etiology of AF remain incompletely understood. In the present article, the first section selectively highlights some disappointing shortcomings and current efforts in antiarrhythmic drug therapy to uncover reasons why AF is such a clinical challenge. The second section discusses some modern takes on the natural history of AF as a relentless, progressive fibro-inflammatory "atriomyopathy." The final section emphasizes the need to redefine therapeutic strategies on par with new insights of AF pathophysiology.
Novel Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks [Eu<sub>2</sub>L<sub>3</sub>(DMSO)<sub>2</sub>(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>]·2DMSO·3H<sub>2</sub>O and [Zn<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub>(DMSO)<sub>2</sub>]·1.6H<sub>2</sub>O (L = 4,4′-Ethyne-1,2-diyldibenzoate) (2008)

Novel metal-organic frameworks [Eu2L3(DMSO)2(MeOH)2] x 2 DMSO x 3 H2O, 1, and [Zn2L2(DMSO)2] x 1.6 H2O, 2, (L = 4,4'-ethyne-1,2-diyldibenzoate) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 is a 3D open framework while 2 features interpenetrating 2D sheets in the crystal lattice. Both compounds have been characterized with X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are red and blue-green luminescent, respectively, in the solid state at ambient temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis implies that the extensive interpenetration stabilizes the lattice of 2, although it diminishes the porosity at the same time. The luminescence of 1 can be reversibly quenched and restored by the addition and removal of iodine.
Numerical simulation of subsurface radar for detecting buried pipes (1991)

A subsurface radar for the detection of dielectric or metal pipes buried in the ground is investigated numerically. The two dimensional transmission line matrix method was used to obtain images of buried pipes illuminated by electromagnetic pulses generated by a ground-penetrating radar. The present study is only applicable for two-dimensional cases as it assumes infinitely long pipes and sources. However, the technique may be used for three-dimensional cases as long as the antenna is parallel to the underground pipes and is not near the ends or the bends of the pipes. For the cases shown, 480 grid points in the x direction and 220 in the gamma direction were used. The required memory to run the simulation software was 1.1 Mb. With 6000 iterations, the total CPU time for the case was 218 s on a MicroVax II workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detecting Exosomes Specifically: A Multiplexed Device Based on Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamic Induced <i>Nanoshearing</i> (2014)

Exosomes show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer, but their effective capture and specific detection is a significant challenge. Herein, we report a multiplexed microfluidic device for highly specific capture and detection of multiple exosome targets using a tunable alternating current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) methodology, referred to as nanoshearing. In our system, electrical body forces generated by ac-EHD act within nanometers of an electrode surface (i.e., within the electrical layer) to generate nanoscaled fluid flow that enhances the specificity of capture and also reduce nonspecific adsorption of weakly bound molecules from the electrode surface. This approach demonstrates the analysis of exosomes derived from cells expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and is also capable of specifically isolating exosomes from breast cancer patient samples. The device also exhibited a 3-fold enhancement in detection sensitivity in comparison to hydrodynamic flow based assays (LOD 2760 exosomes/μL for ac-EHD vs LOD 8300 exosomes/μL for hydrodynamic flow; (n = 3)). We propose this approach can potentially have relevance as a simple and rapid quantification tool to analyze exosome targets in biological applications.
Cross-Linking of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polyethylene Glycol (2011)

Abstract In this paper a new approach to cross-link two individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a nucleophilic substitution of brominated MWCNTs using polyethylene glycol anion was introduced. The functionalized MWCNTs were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It is found that polyethylene glycol act as cross-linking agents to interconnect or cross-link the MWCNTs within and among the bundles, as demonstrated by TEM analysis, and few defects will be induced to the nanotube sidewalls. After cross-linking of PEG, the functionalized MWCNTs are still insoluble in any solvent; however, the morphologies of the cross-linked MWCNTs were largely intact, undoubtedly which will provide a useful way to construct nanoscale devices with MWCNTs in the future. Keywords: CharacterizationCross-linkingMulti-walled carbon nanotubesPolyethylene glycol ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50772133), Central South University Science Development Foundation (No. 10SDF04), Innovation Foundation of Central South University of China (No. 134376211) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201012200146) is greatly appreciated.
Do We Understand the Recyclability of Ionic Liquids? (2009)

Recyclability is one of the reasons why ionic liquids (ILs) are attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers, but do we understand the recyclability of ILs in a real sense? For this purpose, this review focuses on the methods need for their separation from their "working" environment. Here we proposed that the appropriate separation method should be selected according to different systems. To better understand the separation of ILs, fundamental research on the existence forms (ions, ion pairs or supermolecule) of ILs in solvents is vitally important.
Characteristics of aluminum oxinitride film grown by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition as the insulator of an electroluminescent device (2003)

Abstract— It is important to select an optimal insulator for an electroluminescent (EL) device, and this insulator have a large dielectric constant, large breakdown field, and few defects. Generally, an insulator with a high dielectric constant shows a considerably low breakdown field; however, none of them should be abandoned. Therefore, it is required that insulators with high breakdown fields should be developed without lowering the dielectric constant. In this article, we present aluminum oxinitride films grown by plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The dielectric breakdown field of this film is considerably higher than that of alumina grown by conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD), and this film is also more stable than alumina grown by PEALD as well as by ALD after post‐annealing process. Furthermore, aluminum oxinitride films, grown by PEALD as the upper insulator of a ZnS:Mn‐based EL device, shows an excellent long‐lasting property for an applied voltage and a reasonable luminance.
Silver metal colloidal film on a flexible polymer substrate (2006)

A method to prepare metallic nanoparticles films in the presence of a hydrophilic copolymer with the aim of inhibiting the formation of clusters in the nanoparticles has been developed. Thin films prepared could be used in applications such as sensors development and substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The synthesis of colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles was achieved by the reduction AgNO<sub>3</sub> using sodium citrate with thermal treatment which results in a robust fabrication of gold and silver films. The polymeric films were prepared by polymerization 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid (method 1). The other procedure employed (method 2) incorporated the use of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol as copolymers. A scanning electron microscope was used to provide microstructural information of coverage achieved. The ability to tune the nanocoating structure and spectral and electronic properties can be used for applications such as sensors used in the detection of explosives. Silver nanoparticles were also characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which integrates high chemical sensitivity with spectroscopic identification and has enormous potential for applications involving ultra-sensitive chemical detection. Spectra were obtained using a Renishaw RM2000 Raman Microspectrometer system operating in the visible region excitation (532 nm).
Using the Engine Position (CRANK and CAM) eTPU Functions (2009)

This application note describes simple C interface functions to CRANK and CAM eTPU functions. These functions can be used on any product that has an eTPU module. Example code is available for the MPC5633M device. This application note should be read in conjunction with application note AN2864 — General C Functions for the eTPU. The CAM and CRANK functions are part of an automotive function set. For more details refer to AN3769 — eTPU Automotive Set (Set 2) .
Carbon Nanotubes in a Photonic Metamaterial (2010)

Hybridization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with plasmonic metamaterials leads to photonic media with an exceptionally strong ultrafast nonlinearity. This behavior is underpinned by strong coupling of the nanotube excitonic response to the weakly radiating Fano-type resonant plasmonic modes that can be tailored by metamaterial design.
Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria of Diethyl Carbonate with Four Alkanes at 101.3 kPa (2002)

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria have been measured for the four binary systems hexane + diethyl carbonate (DEC), DEC + heptane, DEC + octane, and cyclohexane + DEC at 101.3 kPa. The activity coefficients were found to be thermodynamically consistent and were satisfactorily correlated with the Wilson and UNIQUAC equations. They were also compared with results obtained from the application of the ASOG and UNIFAC group contribution methods.
Antibiotic Resistance and Implications for the Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents (2001)

The development of antibiotics completely revolutionized medicine in the second half of the 20th century. By 1940, the team researching penicillin recognized that its discovery was a monumental event. Fearing Hitler’s invasion of Great Britain, they rubbed spores of Penicillium notatum into their coat linings to ensure that the mold would go with them in the event they had to escape rapidly (1). In the more than 60 years since its discovery, penicillin has evolved from being a miraculous cure for infectious disease to being a small part of an arsenal of antimicrobial drugs. With the expansion of antibiotic therapy, hygiene, and sanitation in the United States, mortality due to infectious diseases has dropped markedly over the 20th century (2–4). Since 1982, however, deaths attributable to infectious diseases have begun to climb (3) and this rise has occurred in parallel with increased antibiotic resistance.
Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Acylations of Alkylbenzenes: Synthesis of Alkylanthraquinones (2000)

The acylation of alkylbenzenes 1 with benzoyl chloride 2 and catalytic amounts of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid affords the corresponding 2-, 3-, and 4-alkylbenzophenones 3 with unusually high amounts of ortho products. Surprisingly, even tert-butylbenzene reacts under these reaction conditions without any acid catalyzed dealkylation. The yield of benzoylation of p-xylene 4 with benzoic acid in the presence of 5 mol% C4F9SO3H to give 2,5-dimethylbenzophenone 5 could significantly be improved from 14% to 90% by continuous removal of water formed during the acylation. Also in the preparation of alkylanthraquinones 7 by reaction of alkylbenzenes with phthalic anhydride, water removal is the decisive factor to obtain satisfactory yields for the second acylation, allowing to cyclize 6 with catalytic amounts (10 mol%) of CF3SO3H in organic solvents to the corresponding alkylanthraquinones 7.
Biotherapeutic agents and vaginal health (2016)

Treatment of vaginal infection requires different drugs although the recurrence rate post treatment remains high due to adverse effects on the beneficial microbiota. Thus, there are clear clinical advantages for the use of biotherapeutic agents (prebiotics and/or probiotics) for treating these infections. Pre- and probiotic beneficial effects can be delivered topically or systemically. In general, both approaches have the potential to optimize, maintain and restore the ecology of the vaginal ecosystem. Specific carbohydrates provide a therapeutic approach for controlling infections by stimulating the growth of the indigenous lactobacilli but inhibiting the growth and adhesion of pathogens to the vaginal epithelial cells. Overall, little evidence exists to promote the prevention or treatment of vaginal disease with prebiotic carbohydrates in formulations such as pessaries, creams or douches. However, recent reports have promoted prebiotic applications in ecosystems other than the gut and include the mouth, skin and vagina. This review focuses on the utilization of pre- and probiotics for vaginal health.
Design and optimization of high voltage analog and digital circuits built in a standard 5 V CMOS technology (2002)

This paper presents a new family of high-voltage (HV) analog and digital circuits which are fully compatible with a standard 5 V CMOS technology, without any process change. On the basis of several circuits, it is shown that HV design can be classified in three categories, for which a common design methodology can be identified. Detailed circuit sizing as well as measurements illustrate the performance achieved with this technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intramolecular [4+3] Cycloadditions. Towards a Synthesis of Widdrol (2004)

Certain substituted alkoxyallylic sulfones were alkylated and treated with Lewis acids to produce vinylthionium ions that underwent intramolecular [4+3] cycloaddition reactions with a tethered furan.Manipulation of the cycloadduct led to the synthesis of widdrol.Other attempts to prepare the cycloadducts were made, but none were exceptionally better than the route using vinylthionium ions as intermediates.Interesting aspects of the alkylation chemistry of phenylthio-substituted alkoxyallylic sulfones are detailed as well.Cl
Cloning, characterisation and expression of vitellogenin gene of Oreochromis aureus (Teleostei, Cichlidae). (1990)

cDNA synthesised from liver Poly A+ RNA of estradiol-stimulated male Oreochromis aureus was ligated to PTZ-19R and transformed into E. coli. TG-1 to yield 6 x 10(4) clones/ug DNA, of which 6% was vitellogenin positive. Restriction maps indicate 4 possible subgroups of vitellogenin cDNA, with homology, observed by Southern hybridisation, at a fragment flanked by Pst 1 sites. When the amino acid sequence derived from the DNA sequence of pOA Vg 62 was aligned with that of S. gairdneri, X. laevis, C. elegans and D. melanogaster, homologies of 63%, 22%, 21% and 15%, respectively, were obtained. Estradiol induced a vitellogenin gene transcript of 6500 nucleotides at 6 h and reached a maximum at 72 h after stimulation.
Deploying enterprise management in tactical networks (2003)

Enterprise management (EM) has become a big part of industry information technology (IT) focus. It is being implemented in large and medium-size corporations and being tied to the business processes. The US military has both similar issues to corporate IT infrastructure, and unique tactical requirements. EM technology and best practices from industry deployments can be leveraged to improve tactical operations and IT deployment. This article describes how EM technology deployed in tactical infrastructures can help avoid increasing personnel while adding new systems and capabilities, reduce training costs, and decrease the level of knowledge and experience an operator requires to maintain the tactical infrastructure. There is a description of how EM technology can specifically improve the areas of network management, systems management, software distribution, inventory/configuration management, troubleshooting, user administration and security in a tactical environment.
<i>Endo</i>-Selective Enyne Ring-Closing Metathesis Promoted by Stereogenic-at-Mo Monoalkoxide and Monoaryloxide Complexes. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Dienes Not Accessible through Reactions with Ru Carbenes (2009)

Stereogenic-at-Mo monoalkoxide and monoaryloxide complexes promote enyne ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions, affording the corresponding endo products with high selectivity (typically >98:<2 endo:exo). All catalysts can be prepared and used in situ. Five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are obtained through reactions with enyne substrates that bear all-carbon tethers as well as those that contain heteroatom substituents. The newly developed catalytic protocols complement the related exo-selective Ru-catalyzed processes. In cases where Ru-based complexes deliver exo and endo products nondiscriminately, such as when tetrasubstituted cyclic alkenes are generated, Mo-catalyzed reactions afford the endo product exclusively. The efficiency of synthesis of N- and O-containing endo diene heterocycles can be improved significantly through structural modification of Mo catalysts. The modularity of Mo-based monopyrrolides is thus exploited in the identification of the most effective catalyst variants. Through alteration of O-based monodentate ligands, catalysts have been identified that promote enyne RCM with improved efficiency. The structural attributes of three Mo complexes are elucidated through X-ray crystallography. The first examples of catalytic enantioselective enyne RCM reactions are reported (up to 98:2 enantiomer ratio and >98% endo).
Aqueous Interfacial Chemistry in the Catalyst Preparation of NiMo/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> System by EDTA-Containing Impregnation (2006)

The present work studies the effect of organic chelating agents on the solution−support interfacial process during the catalyst preparation. EDTA−Ni(II)−Mo(VI)−γ-Al2O3−H2O is used as a representative catalyst synthesis system. It has been found that Ni(II) adsorption increases with pH value starting from pH 6 and reaches a maximum at pH 8 without EDTA, whereas the adsorption vs pH is reversed (maximum at pH 3.5 and no adsorption at pH 9) when EDTA is introduced into this system with a molar ratio of EDTA/Ni(II) = 1. According to ion-exchange theory, Ni(II) possibly forms a surface ternary complex with the alumina surface sites through EDTA acting as a bridge. It has also been found that Mo(VI) adsorption decreases with pH (maximum at pH 3 and no adsorption at pH 9) in the absence of EDTA. EDTA suppresses the adsorption of Mo(VI), although the adsorption of Mo(VI) vs pH remains the same. EDTA has a higher coordinating constant with the surface Al3+ than do Mo(VI) anions. Free EDTA competes with Mo(VI) on the alumina surface sites. Because EDTA has a preference to chemically bond with Ni(II), which forms a stable complex, Ni−EDTA could be selectively adsorbed on the alumina surface. On the basis of these experimental results, it can be rationalized that EDTA promotes the dispersion of both Ni(II) and Mo(VI) on alumina. Meanwhile, EDTA also limits strong interactions between the metal ions and alumina, thereby contributing to the formation of more vigorous sites.