gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StepGreen.org: Increasing Energy Saving Behaviors via Social Networks (2010)

Decades of research have explored factors that can influence green behavior. However, much less is known about how technology in general, and social technologies in particular can motivate people to participate in green activities. In this paper we describe the goals, design and evaluation of StepGreen.org, a site intended to promote energy-saving behaviors. We present the results of a field study, during which participants chose to engage in different actions and reported when they had completed them. Our results suggest that motivating factors like public commitment and competition are effective, and better leveraging these factors will likely lead to even greater appeal and effectiveness. Our contribution is to create an understanding of the impact of different decisions on the success of StepGreen.org that can benefit the designers of other multifaceted, online systems for behavior change.
Scalable Production of Nanostructured Particles using Atomic Layer Deposition (2014)

Core-shell nanoparticles and other nanostructured particles have high potential in applications such as heterogeneous catalysis and energy conversion and storage. However, a hurdle in their utilization is that typically, large amounts of such nanostructured materials are required. Gas-phase coating using atomic layer deposition (ALD, a variant of chemical vapour deposition) can be used to provide the surface of a particle with either an ultrathin continuous coating or a decoration of nanoclusters. When carried out in a fluidized bed, ALD is an attractive way of producing nanostructured particles with excellent scale-up potential.We demonstrate the fabrication of catalysts by deposition of the active phase (Pt) on fluidized nanoparticles (TiO2 P25) at atmospheric pressure. We show that ALD is a technique that 1) guarantees efficient use of the precursor; 2) allows precise control of the size and loading; 3) can be used for low and medium loading of catalysts by adjusting the number of repeated cycles; 4) leads to high-quality (low impurities level) end-products.
In situ recovery of heavy oil and bitumin using vaporized hydrocarbon solvents (1995)

The aim of this research was to develop an efficient technique for recovering the huge natural resources present in the form of heavy oil and bitumen. In the proposed process called "Vapex" - Vapour extraction, vaporized hydrocarbon solvents (propane or butane) are used to extract heavy oil and bitumen using the concept of gravity drainage. The study was focused to understand the mechanism of the process and assess its performance under various conditions. The results of experiments carried out in Hele-Shaw cells show that with deasphalting the extraction rates are higher than those without deasphalting. This indicates that asphaltene deposition may not be a constraint for the process. This was confirmed later in experiments carried out in packed models. It was observed that deasphalting occurs when the solvent is near its saturation pressure. A hypothetical "Vapex Parameter" was defined to scale or compare the results of these experiments. It was possible to calculate the diffusivity of the solvent-bitumen system from these parameters. The mechanism of the process in porous media was studied in experiments carried out in a scaled packed model using butane as a solvent. Production rates in porous media were observed to be proportional to the square root of permeabilities. The flow rates achieved in packed cells were higher than those obtained by scaling up the results of Hele-Shaw cell experiments using identical conditions of temperature and pressure. Higher interfacial area of contact in the porous media, capillary imbibition, surface renewal and transient mass transfer are considered to be the reasons behind this enhancement. Extraction rates are higher in upward leaching when there is a countercurrent extraction process. Experimental results show that extraction at higher pressure in the presence of a non-condensible gas performs equally well. In field operations mixtures of hydrocarbon solvent and natural gas may be used to give operating pressures close to the original reservoir pressures. Flow rates predicted from these results indicate that the process has a potential for field applications.
Spatio-Temporal Hemodynamic Imaging using a with Non-contact NIR scanner (2014)

The possibility of hemodynamic tissue imaging without external contrast agents during non-contact NIR imaging is studied based on spatio-temporal feature extraction technique. The estimated NIR results show potential for various clinical applications.
1 Watt femtosecond mid-IR Cr:ZnS laser (2013)

A room-temperature Kerr-Lens modelocked (KLM) Cr:ZnS laser generates <70 fs pulses duration (about eight optical cycles) with 5.6 nJ pulse energy and over 100 nm FWHM spectral width at 105-157 MHz repetition rates. The laser produces 1 W average output power at 20% optical efficiency, limited by the available Er:fiber pump. For further pulse energy scaling we also realized the chirped-pulse regime, with 0.8-2 ps pulse durations. The demonstrated applications of such mid-IR source range from extra- and intra-cavity spectroscopy to subharmonic OPO pumping. For environmentally-protected delivery we suggest and realize duration-preserving soliton delivery in a ZBLAN fiber. Further bandwidth increase is demonstrated by 2.0-2.8 μm supercontinuum generation in a chalcogenide fiber.
Matching Node Embeddings for Graph Similarity (2017)

Graph kernels have emerged as a powerful tool for graph comparison. Most existing graph kernels focus on local properties of graphs and ignore global structure. In this paper, we compare graphs based on their global properties as these are captured by the eigenvectors of their adjacency matrices. We present two algorithms for both labeled and unlabeled graph comparison. These algorithms represent each graph as a set of vectors corresponding to the embeddings of its vertices. The similarity between two graphs is then determined using the Earth Mover's Distance metric. These similarities do not yield a positive semidefinite matrix. To address for this, we employ an algorithm for SVM classification using indefinite kernels. We also present a graph kernel based on the Pyramid Match kernel that finds an approximate correspondence between the sets of vectors of the two graphs. We further improve the proposed kernel using the Weisfeiler-Lehman framework. We evaluate the proposed methods on several benchmark datasets for graph classification and compare their performance to state-of-the-art graph kernels. In most cases, the proposed algorithms outperform the competing methods, while their time complexity remains very attractive.
Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks at NIST (2005)

We describe recent efforts to develop microfabricated atomic frequency references capable of supporting a wide variety of commercial and military systems such as global positioning and wireless communication. These devices are anticipated to eventually have a volume of 1 cm 3 , dissipate less than 30 mW of electrical power and maintain a fractional frequency stability better than 10 -11 over one hour. Because of the small size and low power requirements, these devices will enable atomic-level timekeeping in portable, battery-powered units.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Modified Oligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Approach and Their Applications (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SPMC-MAC : Slim Preamble Multi-Channel MAC Protocol with Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose an asynchronous MAC protocol to minimize energy usage and to maximize data throughput for a wireless sensor network in multi channel environments. Our proposed SPMC-MAC (Slim Preamble Multi-Channel Media Access Control) adopts the preamble sliming mechanism proposed in [6] that takes advantage of the knowledge about the wakeup time of the receiver node. The preamble contains the receiver's ID and a randomly selected channel ID for data communication, and it is transmitted over a dedicated common channel. The power control has the benefit of keeping an appropriate number of nodes with the communication range, resulting in reduced collision and interference. We compare our SPMC-MAC and X-MAC extensively in terms of energy consumption and throughput using mathematical analysis and simulation.
Detecting Emerging Wearout Faults (2007)

Abstract — Aggressive CMOS scaling accelerates transistor and interconnect wearout, resulting in shorter and less predictable lifetimes for microprocessors. Studies show that wearout faults have a gradual onset, manifesting initially as timing faults before eventually leading to hard breakdown. Prior work suggests detecting wearout faults as they begin to affect normal operation, but these techniques require complex circuit and/or microarchitectural changes. Our proposal, FIRST (Fingerprints In Reliability and Self Test), uses existing design-for-test hardware (scanout chains) and infrequent periodic tests under reduced frequency guardbands to observe marginal behavior that is an indication of wearout. FIRST is a low-overhead, complexityeffective methodology for detecting emerging wearout faults before they affect normal operation. We discuss the operation of FIRST error detection, present a model for wearout fault simulation, and demonstrate FIRST’s effectiveness on a portion of a commercial microprocessor design. I.
A 40-base-pair sequence in the 3' end of the beta-actin gene regulates beta-actin mRNA transcription during myogenesis. (1988)

In an earlier report, evidence was presented that the down-regulation of beta-actin mRNA during myogenesis was controlled by a region 3' to the promoter of the gene. In this paper we report the location of this regulatory sequence, determined by deletion analysis and the use of chimeric genes, transfected stably into the mouse myogenic cell line C2C12. The domain responsible for the reduction in beta-actin mRNA levels is at most 40 base pairs long and is located just 5' to the canonical polyadenylylation signal in the gene. Placement of this sequence in the corresponding 3' position both in the alpha-cardiac-actin gene and in the neomycin-resistance gene in pSV2-neo confers the beta-actin mRNA regulatory pattern when these constructs are stably introduced into C2C12 cells. Nuclear run-on experiments indicate that transcriptional control can account for the decrease observed in beta-actin mRNA levels during myogenesis for both the endogenous as well as the transfected beta-actin gene constructs. This 3' transcriptional control sequence is conserved in all of the vertebrate beta-actin genes sequenced and is not similar to any of the 3' processing-adenylylation or termination sequences described previously. This mode of gene regulation may reflect a more general mechanism involved in the process of gene suppression during development.
Nanostructured silica/polymer subcritical aerogels (2007)

The incorporation of functionalized core–shell polymer nanoparticles in a silica network, by the sol–gel process, yields a structure stiff enough to withstand capillary pressure upon subcritical drying. The resulting hybrid aerogels are machinable monoliths, stable under atmospheric conditions, and have improved mechanical performance. These combined properties make them strong candidates for insulation in high value applications.
In vitro culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell clonies and induced differentiation into neuron-like cells. (2003)

hMSCs can be efficiently expanded under this culture condition, and the colony-derived hMSCs can maintain the differentiation potentials and retain their biological characteristics.
A Stereoselective Hydroxylation Step of Alkaloid Biosynthesis by a Unique Cytochrome P450 in Catharanthus roseus (2011)

Plant cytochrome P450s are involved in the production of over a hundred thousand metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Although cytochrome P450 genes constitute one of the largest superfamilies in plants, many of the catalytic functions of the enzymes they encode remain unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cytochrome P450 gene in a new subfamily of CYP71, CYP71BJ1, involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Co-expression analysis of putative cytochrome P450 genes in the Catharanthus roseus transcriptome identified candidate genes with expression profiles similar to known terpene indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. Screening of these candidate genes by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded a unique P450-dependent enzyme that stereoselectively hydroxylates the alkaloids tabersonine and lochnericine at the 19-position of the aspidosperma-type alkaloid scaffold. Tabersonine, which can be converted to either vindoline or 19-O-acetylhörhammericine, represents a branch point in alkaloid biosynthesis. The discovery of CYP71BJ1, which forms part of the pathway leading to 19-O-acetylhörhammericine, will help illuminate how this branch point is controlled in C. roseus.
Application of Relative Location Techniques to Induced Microseismicity from Hydraulic Fracturing (2009)

Abstract Microseismic monitoring is routinely used for imaging the fracture network induced by hydrofracture treatments. One of the principal sources of uncertainties in the location of hypocentres is the velocity structure used in the location algorithm, which in most cases is approximated by layered models from sonic logs or estimated from perforation shot arrival times. Hypocentral uncertainties can be reduced by an order of magnitude, and the number of events located significantly increased, by using relative location methods that reduce the location volume to a small region around the seismic source. Relative location methods are valid provided that the separation between the processed events is small compared to the ray-path lengths between source and receiver. The location is obtained through the inversion of differential travel times with respect to one chosen master event, minimizing the relative moveout residual. In this study, a new step-wise master-event relative-moveout location is applied to microseismic events induced during hydrofracture treatment. The unique step-wise addition to the technique overcomes the limitations of separation distance by constructing a lattice of master events formed by all available good quality events that are located with a classic location algorithms. The minimization search is extended to the complete fracture volume as defined by the master events, converging to a solution that minimizes the relative moveout residual with respect to any of the available masters within the distance range. The use of arrival time differences with respect to a master event allows the location of events with P- and/or S-wave arrivals. Using the step-wise approach, the increased resolution in seismic location achieved by relative location methods is propagated to the complete set of events in a hydrofracture treatment. Furthermore, the method allows a significantly higher number of events to be located as only one phase (P or S wave) need be identified, assuming the events are in the vicinity of a master event with high quality arrivals. We provide results from an example data set to illustrate the higher resolution and increase in number of located events that can be obtained through the application of the stepwise relative-moveout location algorithm.
Interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat with the Transcriptional Coactivators p300 and CREB Binding Protein (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes the transactivator protein Tat, which is essential for viral replication and progression to disease. Here we demonstrate that transcriptional activation by HIV-1 Tat involves p300 or the related cellular transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP). Tat transactivation was inhibited by the 12S form of the adenovirus E1A gene product, which inhibits p300 function, and this inhibition was independent of its effect on NF-kappaB transcription. A biochemical interaction of p300 with Tat was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation. The carboxy-terminal region of p300, which binds to E1A, was shown to bind specifically to the highly conserved basic domain of Tat, which also mediates binding to the Tat-responsive region RNA stem-loop structure. The ability of Tat to interact physically and functionally with this coactivator provides a mechanism to assemble a basal transcription complex which may subsequently respond to the effect of Tat on transcriptional elongation and represents a novel interaction between an RNA binding protein and a transcriptional coactivator.
Chemistry and the Worm: <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> as a Platform for Integrating Chemical and Biological Research (2011)

This Review discusses the potential usefulness of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for chemists interested in studying living systems. C. elegans, a 1 mm long roundworm, is a popular model organism in almost all areas of modern biology. The worm has several features that make it attractive for biology: it is small (<1000 cells), transparent, and genetically tractable. Despite its simplicity, the worm exhibits complex phenotypes associated with multicellularity: the worm has differentiated cells and organs, it ages and has a well-defined lifespan, and it is capable of learning and remembering. This Review argues that the balance between simplicity and complexity in the worm will make it a useful tool in determining the relationship between molecular-scale phenomena and organism-level phenomena, such as aging, behavior, cognition, and disease. Following an introduction to worm biology, the Review provides examples of current research with C. elegans that is chemically relevant. It also describes tools-biological, chemical, and physical-that are available to researchers studying the worm.
Solid Phase Microextraction On-Fiber Derivatization Using a Stable, Portable, and Reusable Pentafluorophenyl Hydrazine Standard Gas Generating Vial (2016)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) on-fiber derivatization methods have facilitated the achievement of lower detection limits and targeted analysis of various substances that exhibit poor chromatographic behavior, thermal instability, or high reactivity while limiting the use of organic solvents. However, previously developed on-fiber derivatization methods have been hindered by poor loading reproducibility and standard lifetime due to derivatization reagent reactivity. In addition, this reactivity often results in these reagents demonstrating toxic effects, complicating handling and standard formulation. To address this, a reusable standard gas generating vial containing pentafluorophenyl hydrazine (PFPH) has been developed. With this development, SPME fibers can now be reproducibly loaded with derivatization reagent, from an easy to use and safe platform. Validation of the vial using C4-C9 linear aldehyde standards as target analytes demonstrated intrabatch vial reproducibility (2% relative standard deviation (RSD), n = 4), along with PFPH headspace stability over a period of 11 weeks, facilitating reduced reagent consumption due to standard longevity. In addition, reproducibility of the derivatization reaction was observed over 1 week (RSD < 9%), and the linear concentration range was evaluated using headspace extractions from aqueous aldehyde solutions (R(2) > 0.996, 10-200 ppb v/v). Finally, the PFPH-generating vial was applied to the monitoring of volatile aldehydes generated during meat spoilage, as well as an on-site application where the free and total concentration of formaldehyde was determined in car exhaust using a portable GC/MS. To the best of our knowledge, the standard gas generating vial proposed in this work is the first documented device for the long-term storage of reusable headspace standards for a reactive, toxic, and otherwise unstable derivatization reagent standard.
Cloning of the Candida albicans homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSC1/FKS1 and its involvement in beta-1,3-glucan synthesis (1997)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSC1 (also called FKS1) and GSC2 (also called FKS2) have been identified as the genes for putative catalytic subunits of beta-1,3-glucan synthase. We have cloned three Candida albicans genes, GSC1, GSL1, and GSL2, that have significant sequence homologies with S. cerevisiae GSC1/FKS1, GSC2/FKS2, and the recently identified FKSA of Aspergillus nidulans at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Like S. cerevisiae Gsc/Fks proteins, none of the predicted products of C. albicans GSC1, GSL1, or GSL2 displayed obvious signal sequences at their N-terminal ends, but each product possessed 10 to 16 potential transmembrane helices with a relatively long cytoplasmic domain in the middle of the protein. Northern blotting demonstrated that C. albicans GSC1 and GSL1 but not GSL2 mRNAs were expressed in the growing yeast-phase cells. Three copies of GSC1 were found in the diploid genome of C. albicans CAI4. Although we could not establish the null mutation of C. albicans GSC1, disruption of two of the three GSC1 alleles decreased both GSC1 mRNA and cell wall beta-glucan levels by about 50%. The purified C. albicans beta-1,3-glucan synthase was a 210-kDa protein as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and all sequences determined with peptides obtained by lysyl endopeptidase digestion of the 210-kDa protein were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of C. albicans Gsc1p. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody raised against the purified beta-1,3-glucan synthase specifically reacted with the 210-kDa protein and could immunoprecipitate beta-1,3-glucan synthase activity. These results demonstrate that C. albicans GSC1 is the gene for a subunit of beta-1,3-glucan synthase.
A Novel Approach to Extract High Utility Itemsets from Distributed Databases (2013)

Traditional approaches in data mining focus on support and confidence measures which are just statistics based. Support and confidence measures which are based on the frequency count of the items enable us to derive the frequent itemsets. The frequency of the items as a single factor does not represent the interestingness of the items. To enhance the process of data mining tasks based on the value of the product, several researches were conducted. It resulted in utility mining which is an emerging field of research in data mining. In the recent years various data mining approaches have been implemented in order to find the high utility itemsets. The main objective of utility mining is to identify the itemsets with highest utilities, by considering the subjectively defined utility values, as set by the user. Existing methods based on utility mining concept focus on centralized systems where the data and associated processing is pertained to a particular location. As a further step ahead we try to implement the utility mining concept in a distributed environment. In this approach we use a sophisticated way of mining high utility itemsets using a Fast Utility Mining (FUM) algorithm.