gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gate-structure optimization for high frequency power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2010)

The influence of gate-head and gate-source-spacing on the performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was studied. Suggestions are then made to improve the performance of high frequency power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by optimizing the gate-structure. Reducing the field-plate length can effectively enhance gain, current gain cutoff frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation. By reducing the field-plate length, devices with 0.35 μm gate length have exhibited a current gain cutoff frequency of 30 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 80 GHz. The maximum frequency of oscillation can be further optimized either by increasing the gate–metal thickness, or by using a τ-shape gate (the gate where the gate-head tends to the source side). Reducing the gate–source spacing can enhance the maximum drain-current and breakdown voltage, which is beneficial in enhancing the maximum output power of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
EUV resist sensitization and roughness improvement by PSCAR with in-line flood exposure system (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Photosensitized Chemically Amplified ResistTM (PSCARTM) **2.0’s advantages and expectations are reviewed in this paper. Alpha PSCAR in-line UV exposure system (“Litho Enhancer”) was newly installed at imec in a Tokyo Electron Ltd. (TELTM)’s CLEAN TRACKTM LITHIUS ProTM Z connected to an ASML’s NXE:3300. Using the Litho Enhancer, PSCAR 2.0 sensitization preliminary results show that suppression of roughness enhancement may occur while sensitivity is increased. The calibrated PSCAR 2.0 simulator is used for prediction of resist formulation and process optimization. The simulation predicts that resist contrast enhancement could be realized by resist formulation and process optimization with UV flood exposure.
Heterodyne n-ary PPM employing Reed-Solomon codes (2002)

A performance and optimization analysis for a Reed-Solomon-coded n-ary pulse-position-modulation (PPM) scheme operating over a fiber channel employing heterodyne detection and assuming a Gaussian received pulse shape is presented. Calculated results for transmission efficiency as a function of fiber bandwidth and as a function of PPM symbol size are discussed. It is concluded that the Reed-Solomon coded n-ary PPM system offers an improvement in transmission efficiency of typically 4.1 dB over an uncoded system and 11.8 dB over a heterodyne amplitude-shift-keyed pulse-code-modulated (ASK PCM) system. It is shown that a Reed-Solomon-coded n-ary PPM system can offer the same transmission efficiency as an uncoded system but at a substantially reduced bandwidth and clock rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of oxygen in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PrBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Effect on structural and physical properties (1990)

${\mathrm{PrBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ is the only homomorphic member of the entire rare-earth 1:2:3 family which is insulating and not metallic or superconducting. With this unusual behavior in mind, and with an eye to resolving certain questions regarding the widely held notion of otherwise mobile holes held captive in a supratrivalent Pr ionic state as its cause, we examined the effect of varying oxygen concentration on the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of this compound. Powder x-ray diffraction studies revealed an orthorhombic-to-tetragonal order-disorder transition at oxygen levels close to those found for the superconducting lanthanide compounds. From Rietveld-refined powder-neutron-diffraction data taken on a fully oxygenated sample, key insights into the ambivalent character of Pr valency were obtained. Other aspects of Pr valency and carrier dynamics were uncovered by electrical and magnetic measurements as a function of y. We found that the room-temperature resistivity increases by about three orders of magnitude from y\ensuremath{\simeq}0 to y\ensuremath{\simeq}0.5, while the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility remains quantitatively the same. We conclude from these results that removal of oxygen from ${\mathrm{PrBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ does not substantially alter the valence state of Pr, which we assert to be nominally 3+, but with strong overlap of its outer-lying 4f orbital with neighboring oxygen 2p levels results in a characteristically mixed or fluctuating valence situation reminiscent of heavy-fermion systems, and the principal effect on transport properties is on carrier concentration in the chains and steric hindrance of their motion by the resulting oxygen vacancies.
Application of Telemetry Technology In High-Pressure Wells To Improve Data Accuracy in Drill Stem Tests (2010)

Abstract Drill-stem testing (DST) has been used for many years in the oilfield to establish reliable reservoir characterization. The DST data are used to provide estimated production, fluid analysis, and to help design the final completion and production facilities. More recently, discoveries in abnormal pressure gradients and deep formations have not only pushed the capabilities of traditional equipment and procedures, but also increased the safety hazards inherent to DST operations. At surface, high pressures, the presence of H2S, and toxic well fluids increase the difficulty in deployment of real-time data acquisition and sampling equipment via wireline. Downhole, the high hydrostatic pressures normally found in deep environments can hinder the operation of the downhole tools. Often, to achieve high hydrostatic pressures, the operator is forced to use drilling muds which may have very low pressure transmissibility and solids problems that interfere with annulus-pressure/pulse-response tools. The need to improve the quality of information gathered during DSTs in hostile environments has driven a major oilfield engineering company to research concepts that could improve capabilities of traditional DST systems. This research led to the development of a novel telemetry system that uses acoustic bi-directional acoustic transmission through the tubing string. This system, compact and easy to deploy into the well, provides real-time data-acquisition flexibility in various depths in the string, enabling the constant monitoring of the wellbore conditions throughout the DST. It’s design, applications, and ability to simplify job procedures, reduce risks, and improve quality of information when linked to data acquisition and tool operation, will be the focus of this paper. This new system provides greater efficiency in acquiring data in deeper, high-pressure DST environments than are currently possible with the standard methods.
Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I gene is frequently mutated in ovarian carcinomas. (2001)

Ovarian carcinomas (OCs), particularly recurrent OCs, are frequently resistant to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-mediated growth inhibition. Mutations in the TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaR-II) gene are only evident in a minority of OCs, suggesting that other alterations of the TGF-beta signaling pathway may be involved in OC. Using PCR, cold single-strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequencing, we now show that 33% of primary OCs (10 of 30) harbor somatic changes in exons 2, 3, 4, and 6 of the TGF-beta receptor I (TbetaR-I) gene. Most of the changes are missense mutations and clustered largely in the catalytic domain of the receptor kinase. Interestingly, seven additional cases (23.3%) showed heterozygous carriers of an allelic variant [a 9-nucleotide deletion, del(GGC)(3)] in exon 1 of the TbetaR-I gene. This is in contrast with 10.6% of del(GGC)(3) heterozygous carriers in a recent report of a large normal population (n = 735; B. Pasche et al., Cancer Res., 59: 5678-5682, 1999). These results indicate that TbetaR-I is frequently mutated in OC and suggest that resistance to TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition may frequently involve alterations of the TbetaR-I gene.
Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Pediatric and Neonatal Emergency Transport Realm (2021)

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a tool often used by clinical providers in the care of critically ill or acutely injured patients. POCUS can be used to evaluate for potentially harmful conditions during transport and to optimize downstream management. Although available literature primarily focuses on adults in the prehospital, critical care, and austere environment realm, more literature supporting POCUS use during pediatric and neonatal transport has emerged over the last few years. What is currently available is often from diverse operators and a wide variety of applications. The goal of this article is to describe current pediatric and neonatal POCUS applications and to identify its barriers and limitations in the transport realm. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2021;50(10):e432-e436.]</b>.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the human T cell antigen receptor <i>zeta</i> -chain: activation via CD3 but not CD2. (1988)

TCR stimulation by Ag or anti-receptor antibodies in murine T cells results in the activation of two independent protein kinases, protein kinase C (PKC) and a protein tyrosine kinase. Similarly, stimulation of murine Thy-1 or Ly-6 with mAb also results in activation of both of these kinase pathways. Tyrosine phosphorylation in all cases occurs on the TCR zeta-chain. It is known that Ag and anti-receptor antibodies activate PKC in human T cells. In this study we demonstrate that mitogen or anti-CD3 antibodies activate tyrosine phosphorylation of the human TCR-zeta-chain. PMA, which activates PKC, does not result in zeta-chain tyrosine phosphorylation. Stimulation of human T cells by antibodies that bind the CD2 molecule is an alternate mode of inducing T cell proliferation. These antibodies surprisingly do not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the zeta-chain. Thus, different methods of cellular activation can result in distinguishable patterns of receptor-mediated biochemical signaling events.
Dipyridophenazine Complexes of Os(II) as Red-Emitting DNA Probes:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties (1998)

Polypyridyl complexes of Os(II) bearing one dipyridophenazine (dppz) derivative and two ancillary ligands derived from bipyridine (bpy) or phenanthroline (phen) exhibit emission maxima at ∼740 nm and average excited-state lifetimes in the 10 ns range upon binding to DNA by preferential intercalation of the dppz ligand. A family of [Os(L1)(L2)(L3)]2+ and [Os(L1)2(L2)]2+ complexes with simple modifications in the ancillary phen or bpy ligands (L1 and L3) as well as the intercalating dppz ligand (L2) was prepared. By cyclic voltammetry, electron-donating substituents on the ancillary ligands lowered the Os(3+/2+) reduction potential but did not affect the reduction potential of the dppz ligand. A methyl substituent at the 7-, 8-, or 6-position of the dppz ligand shifted the phenazine reduction toward the negative but did not affect the Os(3+/2+) potential. Absorption titrations indicated intercalative binding to DNA with high affinity (KB ∼106 M-1) for the family of complexes, although at high ratios (50:1) of base pairs to metal, complexes with ancillary 4,7-dimethylphenanthroline or 4,4‘-dimethylbipyridine ligands exhibit less hypochromism (26−27%) in the π−π* transition on the dppz ligand compared to complexes with 5,6-dimethylphenanthroline (30−37%) or the parent phen (31−35%). By steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy, complexes bound to DNA by intercalation with substituents on the 4,7- or 4,4‘-positions of the ancillary phen or bpy displayed lower quantum yields for emission (Φem) compared to complexes with the parent phen, while complexes with methyl substituents on the dppz ligand had the greatest Φem. Studies with poly d(AT), poly d(GC), and mixed-sequence DNA revealed that the emission yields are also sequence-dependent. Comparative luminescence studies in CH2Cl2 demonstrated that these effects arise from a combination of (i) the inherent sensitivity of the excited state to ligand structure and (ii) perturbations in DNA binding geometry introduced by substituents on the ancillary and intercalating ligands. Our results clarify the relationships between ligand architecture and emission yield and lifetime in the presence and absence of DNA and illustrate the utility of dppz complexes of Os(II) as luminescent probes for DNA.
Polar, Monodisperse, Reactive Beads from Functionalized Methacrylate Monomers by Staged Templated Suspension Polymerization (1998)

Porous monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads, which can be used as a platform for the production of separation media, polymeric reagents, and supports, have been prepared using the staged templated suspension polymerization process. Since the direct polymerization of methacrylic acid, which would lead to beads bearing carboxyl groups in a single step, is not compatible with the preparation technique, poly(tert-butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads were prepared and then selectively deprotected. In contrast, beads containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups can be prepared directly despite the high solubility of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in water. The degree of functionalization and porous properties of the beads are largely controlled by the monomer composition in the polymerization mixture. One application for the functionalized beads is the preparation of very selective chiral separation media for HPLC of enantiomers.
An electrophoretically detectable modification of glucosephosphate isomerase in mouse spermatozoa (1981)

Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) from mouse testis and spermatozoa revealed a minor band which is not seen in electropherograms of GPI from other tissues. The minor band is associated equally with the two electrophoretic variants of GPI examined. Treatment of tissue extracts with various enzymes, enzyme inhibitors or thiol reagents failed to alter the appearance or position of the minor bands in sperm and testis GPI, or to induce their appearance in GPI from other tissues. No minor bands were seen in electropherograms of testis GPI from immature males, or from males whose testes lack spermatozoa for genetic reasons.
Virtual power plants with combined heat and power micro-units (2005)

The aim of the work is the integration of combined heat and power (CHP) micro-units into the low voltage network under technical and economical point of view. The whole power and gas consumption of a new residential district are measured and recorded in fifteen minutes intervals during one year. Based on these power and gas load curves the basis of a virtual power plant with CHP micro-units is analysed. With a simulation tool the operation of a CHP micro-unit is simulated. The results show the behaviour of single units in different types of houses and of all units in a virtual power plant. Furthermore they show how the operation of a CHP micro-unit must be optimized for the operation in a virtual power plant. On the basis of this technical parameters a business model for an virtual control power plant is presented and calculated.
Electrical Excitation of Surface Plasmons (2011)

We exploit a plasmon mediated two-step momentum down-conversion scheme to convert low-energy tunneling electrons into propagating photons. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along an extended gold nanowire are excited on one end by low-energy electron tunneling and are then converted to free-propagating photons at the other end. The separation of excitation and outcoupling proves that tunneling electrons excite gap plasmons that subsequently couple to propagating plasmons. Our work shows that electron tunneling provides a nonoptical, voltage-controlled, and low-energy pathway for launching SPPs in nanostructures, such as plasmonic waveguides.
Non-invasive monitoring of <i>in vivo</i> hydrogel degradation and cartilage regeneration by multiparametric MR imaging (2018)

Numerous biodegradable hydrogels for cartilage regeneration have been widely used in the field of tissue engineering. However, to non-invasively monitor hydrogel degradation and efficiently evaluate cartilage restoration in situ is still challenging. <b>Methods:</b> A ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-labeled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/silk fibroin (SF)-blended hydrogel system was developed to monitor hydrogel degradation during cartilage regeneration. The physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility of the hydrogel were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. The <i>in vivo</i> hydrogel degradation and cartilage regeneration of different implants were assessed using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and further confirmed by histological analysis in a rabbit cartilage defect model for 3 months. <b>Results:</b> USPIO-labeled hydrogels showed sufficient MR contrast enhancement and retained stability without loss of the relaxation rate. Neither the mechanical properties of the hydrogels nor the proliferation of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were affected by USPIO labeling <i>in vitro</i>. CNC/SF hydrogels with BMSCs degraded more quickly than the acellular hydrogels as reflected by the MR relaxation rate trends <i>in vivo</i>. The morphology of neocartilage was noninvasively visualized by the three-dimensional water-selective cartilage MRI scan sequence, and the cartilage repair was further demonstrated by macroscopic and histological observations. <b>Conclusion:</b> This USPIO-labeled CNC/SF hydrogel system provides a new perspective on image-guided tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration.
Tab Lead Capacitor (1977)

Differential thermal expansion between a monolithic chip capacitor and the common hybrid substrate materials gives rise to significant stresses in the chip. For conventional attach techniques and conventional chips, these stresses may exceed the strength of one or more of the components, chip, termination, substrate metallization, or solder, in the assembly with disastrous effects. Further, common choices of materials aggravate the basic problem by "building-in" opportunities for delayed failure due to slow formation of brittle intermetallies in the assembly. We have examined this problem in detail, and we offer a solution that incorporates material, process, and design innovations which essentially eliminate these problems as sources of device failure.
Ability of Exercise Testing to Predict Cardiovascular and All-Cause Death in Asymptomatic Women (2003)

The prognostic value of exercise testing in asymptomatic women derives not from electrocardiographic ischemia but from fitness-related variables.
Low-temperature, plasma assisted, cyclic synthesis of MoS2 (2018)

Thin film reaction based synthesis techniques are promising for large area, uniform two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers such as MoS2. In this work, the impact of the initial molybdenum film composition (metallic versus oxidized) is explored. Alternating steps of Mo sputtering and H2S soaks are used in conjunction with plasma assisted synthesis techniques to synthesize films at low temperatures. Raman, photoluminescence, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to physically characterize the films' atomic structure, stoichiometry, and topography, while devices were fabricated to characterize their electronic properties. MoS2 synthesized from metallic Mo films were found to exhibit better atomic and electronic structure than MoS2 synthesized from MoOx films. Additionally, slowing the rate of synthesis by segmenting growth into repeating cycles resulted in much higher film quality. To understand the impact of atomic structure and stoichiometry on device performance, films synthesized at low temperature were exposed to various high temperature annealing conditions to induce changes in film structure and composition. Physical and electrical characterization reveal that stoichiometry has a significantly weaker influence on electronic performance than grain size and atomic structure. These results provide valuable information on the optimization of low temperature thin film reactions for TMD syntheses.
Mortality and Cause of Death in Patients with Pemphigus (2017)

All-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with pemphigus compared with the general population is yet to be established. This study investigated overall mortality and cause-specific mortality in a large immunopathologically validated cohort of patients with pemphigus. Mortality of patients with pemphigus was compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects in the general population. All-cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated. The study cohort included 245 patients newly-diagnosed with pemphigus between January 1990 and June 2016, contributing 2,679.4 person-years of follow-up. Overall, 48 deaths were observed during a mean follow-up period of 10.9 ± 8.1 years, which was more than twice the number expected (SMR 2.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.82-3.20). The SMRs for death due to infections (22.6; 95% CI 13.6-35.3), namely pneumonia (25.7; 95% CI 11.7-48.8) and septicaemia (8.6; 95% CI 1.7-25.0), and due to cardiovascular diseases (2.8; 95% CI 1.0-6.0) were significantly higher than expected. Overall mortality among patients with pemphigus is 2.4-times greater than for the general population, mainly due to infections.
Key role for cyclooxygenase-2 in PGE<sub>2</sub>and PGF<sub>2α</sub>receptor regulation and cerebral blood f low of the newborn (1997)

Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor nonselective for either COX-1 or COX-2 isoform, upregulates cerebrovascular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2alpha receptors in newborn pigs. COX-2 was shown to be the predominant form of COX and the main catalyst of prostaglandin synthesis in the newborn brain. We proceeded to establish direct evidence that COX-2-generated prostaglandins govern PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor density and function in the cerebral vasculature of the newborn. Hence, we determined PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor density and functions in brain vasculature by using newborn pigs treated with saline, ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitor (valerylsalicylate), or COX-2 inhibitors (DUP-697 and NS-398). Newborn brain PGE2 and PGF2alpha concentrations were significantly reduced by ibuprofen, DUP-697, and NS-398 but not by valerylsalicylate. In newborn pigs treated with DUP-697, NS-398, and ibuprofen, PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptor densities in brain microvessels were increased to adult levels; there was also a significant increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production and cerebral vasoconstrictor effects of 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (EP1 receptor agonist), M&B-28767 (EP3 receptor agonist), PGF2alpha, and fenprostalene (PGF2alpha analog). Treatment with ibuprofen or DUP-697 also increased the upper blood pressure limit of cerebral cortex and periventricular blood flow autoregulation from 85 to > or = 125 mmHg (uppermost blood pressure studied). However, valerylsalicylate treatment did not affect cerebrovascular PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptors, IP3 production, or vasoconstrictor effects in newborn animals. These in vivo and in vitro observations indicate that COX-2 is mainly responsible for the regulation of PGE2 and PGF2alpha receptors and their functions in the newborn cerebral vasculature.