gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hairy Uniform Permanently Ligated Hollow Nanoparticles with Precise Dimension Control and Tunable Optical Properties (2017)

The ability to tailor the size and shape of nanoparticles (NPs) enables the investigation into the correlation between these parameters and optical, optoelectronic, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. Despite several effective approaches available to synthesize NPs with a hollow interior, it remains challenging to have a general strategy for creating a wide diversity of high-quality hollow NPs with different dimensions and compositions on demand. Herein, we report on a general and robust strategy to in situ crafting of monodisperse hairy hollow noble metal NPs by capitalizing on rationally designed amphiphilic star-like triblock copolymers as nanoreactors. The intermediate blocks of star-like triblock copolymers can associate with metal precursors via strong interaction (i.e., direct coordination or electrostatic interaction), followed by reduction to yield hollow noble metal NPs. Notably, the outer blocks of star-like triblock copolymers function as ligands that intimately and permanently passivate the surface of hollow noble metal NPs (i.e., forming hairy permanently ligated hollow NPs with superior solubility in nonpolar solvents). More importantly, the diameter of the hollow interior and the thickness of the shell of NPs can be readily controlled. As such, the dimension-dependent optical properties of hollow NPs are scrutinized by combining experimental studies and theoretical modeling. The dye encapsulation/release studies indicated that hollow NPs may be utilized as attractive guest molecule nanocarriers. As the diversity of precursors are amenable to this star-like triblock copolymer nanoreactor strategy, it can conceptually be extended to produce a rich variety of hairy hollow NPs with different dimensions and functionalities for applications in catalysis, water purification, optical devices, lightweight fillers, and energy conversion and storage.
Electrospun Microfiber Tubes and Self-Assembling Peptides Stimulate Neural Regeneration in Rat Sciatic Nerve Transections (2007)

Although many nerve prostheses have been proposed peripheral nerve injury is still a pathology that may impair patient’s movements. New synthetic nerve grafts comprising electrospun tubes and tailored self-assembling peptides are used in this study to regenerate 1 cm nerve gap of rat sciatic nerve in vivo. Experimental groups comprise lesioned animals (control), lesioned animals subjected to guide conduits implantation filled with gels or saline solution. Three months after surgery in control group sciatic nerves failed to reconnect the two stumps of transected nerve. In treated animals our experiments showed a significant regeneration and functional reconnection of the stumps of lesion. Neural tracers revealed the re-establishment of functional neuronal connections between the proximal and distal stumps of the lesions in animals subjected to the complete treatment. Our approach is the first neural regenerative strategy making jointly use of different nanotechnology techniques. A similar approach can be adapted to regenerate lesions in tissues like skin and bone.
Trauma: Some preliminary results from the first national injury survey in Vietnam (2008)

Some small-scale studies have suggested that community-based injury is a new burden of disease in Vietnam in a disease model transformation. This study aims to determine the rate of joint injuries, specific rates by type, age, Vietnam and for each ecological region. This study also aims to assess the burden of injury in Vietnam. The study used cross-sectional design description, based on data from household interviews in the retrospective information on injury and illness in the 12 months prior to the survey. Sample is selected by multi-stage cluster sample method, representing the country, covering eight ecological regions of Vietnam with a total of 27,000 households (approximately 128,000 people). The data were analyzed by statistical methods and demographics. The preliminary results showed that injury is a significant health problem in Vietnam today with a non-fatal injury rate is particularly high: 5,440 per 100,000 population (95% CI 5071-5826), which in males than in females (7064 vs. 3945). The mortality rate due to injury in Viet Nam was 88.3 per 100,000 (95% CI: 69-108), in males 123, females 56. Traffic injuries (CTGT) topped with rate khongtu mortality is 1,409 per 100,000 in men and 1.8 times higher in women. Falls are the second cause with the 1322 rate, then the animal bites (1105), color (950). Injuries account for about 33% of all deaths. Rate of death due to injury CTGT (26.7 / 100,000), drowning (22.6), falls (9.5), and poisoning (7.3). Mekong Delta region has high rate of non-fatal injuries in the country. Injury is estimated to account for about 61% of the total number of years of potential life lost before age 65. If you can get rid of childhood trauma, we can reduce the mortality rate among children under 5 years of age by 40% from 48.6 to 29.7 per 1000 (compared to just 15% if eliminate the infectious cause). The results although preliminary, show that injury is emerging as a burden of disease and death in Vietnam. At all ages, trauma is an important cause of illness, disability and death. Injury prevention policies, particularly the intervention program will be conducted in the near future, integrated into national policies. Language: vi
Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis fails to support the latency model for regulation of p53 DNA binding activity <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> (2001)

p53 can adopt two forms in vitro, a latent form that binds naked DNA poorly and an active form that binds DNA well. Conversion of the latent form to the active form is thought to occur by an allosteric mechanism induced by phosphorylation and acetylation. Despite the large differences in affinity produced by regulatory modifications in vitro, mutation of putative regulatory sites has not produced correspondingly large effects on transcription of p53 target genes in vivo. To determine whether genotoxic stress regulates DNA binding by p53 in vivo, we have performed quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays on tumor and normal cell lines containing wild-type p53. ChIP recovers several hundredfold more p21 and MDM2 promoter DNA from p53 wild-type than p53-null cells, indicating that the assay is specific for p53. Genotoxic stress induces much smaller increases in chromatin precipitation, which are matched by changes in the p53 protein level. Thus, in the experimental systems tested, allosteric regulation of DNA binding is not a major level of regulation of p53 activity. The p53 target genes tested can be divided into a group showing high promoter occupancy in vivo (p21, MDM2, and PUMA) and a group giving substantially weaker or background p53 binding (bax, AIP1, and PIG3). Neither group shows selective recruitment of p53 to the promoter in cells undergoing apoptosis, indicating that the decision to undergo apoptosis or cell cycle arrest depends on other changes in the cell.
Synthetic data augmentation using GAN for improved liver lesion classification (2018)

In this paper, we present a data augmentation method that generates synthetic medical images using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We propose a training scheme that first uses classical data augmentation to enlarge the training set and then further enlarges the data size and its diversity by applying GAN techniques for synthetic data augmentation. Our method is demonstrated on a limited dataset of computed tomography (CT) images of 182 liver lesions (53 cysts, 64 metastases and 65 hemangiomas). The classification performance using only classic data augmentation yielded 78.6% sensitivity and 88.4% specificity. By adding the synthetic data augmentation the results significantly increased to 85.7% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity.
Protein Kinase C Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Review (2011)

Purpose, To review current data regarding protein Kinase C beta (PKCβ) inhibitors and its efficacy in reducing the burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Data Sources, MEDLINE search (1980- 2009) and presentations to major meetings. Data Synthesis, DR and DME have emerged as the main cause of visual impairment in working age population. Treatments for DR and DME include good metabolic control, laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy. However, current therapeutic regimes have not yet provided satisfactory visual results. PKC is an intracellular signalling molecule and its activation plays an important role in the development of ocular complications and has become a field of great interest. Several PKC inhibitors have been investigated. Ruboxistaurin, an orally PKCβ inhibitor has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo benefits in dimisnish cell and blood flow alterations related to hyperglycemia and has a potential use as a therapy for DR and DME. The beneficial effect of Ruboxistaurin in them has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies and controlled trials have been conducted during the last decade. The ability of Ruboxistaurin in reducing visual loss in patients with DR has been demonstrated in the PKC DRS2 trial and DME seems to respond to Ruboxistaurin with both anatomic and functional benefits. The manufacturer, Eli Lilly, has received an approvable letter from the FDA for the prevention of vision loss in patients with DR with Ruboxistaurin, but at this time the medication is not available for clinical use pending results of additional trials for this indication. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, protein kinasa, dyacilglycerol, blood flow, vascular endothelial growth factor, midosistaurin, ruboxistaurin
A History of Lactic Acid Making: A Chapter in the History of Biotechnology (1990)

A thorough history. Lactic acid's chemistry has posed problems that required the large-scale preparation of the acid for study; its manufacture is a complicated process involving many subdisciplines of the science of chemistry; its use encompasses many fields of industrial activity and important asp
A Defect Estimation Approach for Sequential Inspection Using a Modified Capture-Recapture Model (2006)

Defect prediction is an important process in the evaluation of software quality. To accurately predict the rate of software defects can not only facilitate software review decisions, but can also improve software quality. In this paper, we have provided a defect estimation approach, which uses defective data from sequential inspections to increase the accuracy of estimating defects. To demonstrate potential improvements, the results of our approach were compared to those of two other popular estimation approaches, the capture-recapture model and the re-inspection model. By using the proposed approach, software organizations may increase the accuracy of their defect predictions and reduce the effort of subsequent inspections.
A GaP monolithic numeric display with internal reflection facets (1977)

High brightness monolithic displays of GaP LED's with slanting back surface facets which serve as self-reflection mirrors have been fabricated. A major fraction of radiation from the junction is so efficiently reflected by the slanting sides of the mesa-shaped segments that the out-coming beams can be confined into narrow regions. In fabrications of the devices, the wire-bonding process has been eliminated in such a way that the electrode contact to the n-region is also led from the same surface of the wafer as the p-contacts through an intentionally shorted p-n junction. Consequently, there is no electrode area which may shade the radiation on the light emitting surface. The structure gives an improvement in optical isolation as well as in external intensity, resulting in well-defined display patterns with high brightness.
Enhancement effects of a hepatocyte receptor—specific MR contrast agent in an animal model (1994)

The enhancement characteristics of the liver and spleen produced by a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging agent, an arabinogalactan-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide derivative, BMS 180550, were evaluated. Both heavily T1- and T2-weighted sequences were used. Imaging was performed in the farm pig model, as a function of contrast agent concentration (5, 10, and 20 mumol of iron per kilogram) and delay (immediate, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 hours) after bolus injection of BMS 180550. BMS 180550 provided excellent contrast enhancement characteristics by producing marked positive enhancement with T1-weighted sequences and marked negative enhancement with T2-weighted sequences. The T1-weighted enhancement immediately after contrast agent injection was of greater magnitude in the spleen (329% +/- 83) than in the liver (66% +/- 16). Postcontrast negative enhancement with T2-weighted sequences was largely hepatocyte specific at 5 and 10 mumol/kg but was also seen within the spleen at 20 mumol/kg. The authors discuss the possible mechanisms that produce these changes and conclude that 10 mumol/kg BMS 180550 is near the optimum dose for maximizing the enhancement properties of this agent with all sequences in the farm pig.
AupA and AupB Are Outer and Inner Membrane Proteins Involved in Alkane Uptake in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 (2018)

This study describes the functional characterization of two proteins, AupA and AupB, which are required for growth on alkanes in the marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium <i>Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus</i> The <i>aupA</i> and <i>aupB</i> genes form an operon whose expression was increased upon adhesion to and biofilm formation on <i>n-</i>hexadecane. AupA and AupB are outer and inner membrane proteins, respectively, which are able to interact physically. Mutations in <i>aupA</i> or/and <i>aupB</i> reduced growth on solid paraffin and liquid <i>n-</i>hexadecane, while growth on nonalkane substrates was not affected. In contrast, growth of <i>aup</i> mutants on <i>n-</i>hexadecane solubilized in Brij 58 micelles was completely abolished. Mutant cells had also lost the ability to bind to <i>n</i>-hexadecane solubilized in Brij 58 micelles. These results support the involvement of AupA and AupB in the uptake of micelle-solubilized alkanes and provide the first evidence for a cellular process involved in the micellar uptake pathway. The phylogenetic distribution of the <i>aupAB</i> operon revealed that it is widespread in marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria of the orders <i>Oceanospirillales</i> and <i>Alteromonadales</i> and that it is present in high copy number (up to six) in some <i>Alcanivorax</i> strains. These features suggest that Aup proteins probably confer a selective advantage in alkane-contaminated seawater.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacteria are the main actors of the biological removal of hydrocarbons in seawater, and so, it is important to understand how they degrade hydrocarbons and thereby mitigate marine environmental damage. Despite a considerable amount of literature about the dynamic of microbial communities subjected to hydrocarbon exposure and the isolation of strains that degrade hydrocarbons, most of the genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of bacterial hydrocarbon uptake remain unknown. This study identifies two genes, <i>aupA</i> and <i>aupB</i>, in the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium <i>Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus</i> that are present frequently in multiple copies in most of the marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria for which the genomic sequence is available. AupA and AupB are two novel membrane proteins interacting together that are involved in the uptake of alkanes dissolved in surfactant micelles. The function and the phylogenetic distribution of <i>aupA</i> and <i>aupB</i> suggest that they might be one attribute of the remarkable adaptation of marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria that allow them to take advantage of hydrocarbons.
The Imine‐Based COF <b>TpPa‐1</b> as an Efficient Cooling Adsorbent That Can Be Regenerated by Heat or Light (2019)

Abstract Adsorption‐based cooling systems, which can be driven by waste heat and solar energy, are promising alternatives to conventional, compression‐based cooling systems, as they demand less energy and emit less CO 2 . The performance of adsorption‐based cooling systems relates directly to the performance of the working pairs (sorbent–water). Accordingly, improvement of these systems relies on the continual discovery of new sorbents that enable greater mass exchange while requiring less energy for regeneration. Here, it is proposed that covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) can replace traditional sorbents for adsorption‐based cooling. In tests mimicking standard operating conditions for industry, the imine‐based COF TpPa‐1 exhibits a regeneration temperature below 65 °C and a cooling coefficient of performance of 0.77 – values which are comparable to those reported for the best metal–organic framework sorbents described to date. Moreover, TpPa‐1 exhibits a photothermal effect and can be regenerated by visible light, thereby opening the possibility for its use in solar‐driven cooling.
A novel cinnamic acid derivative that inhibits Cdc25 dual‐specificity phosphatase activity (2005)

The Cdc25 dual-specificity phosphatases are key regulators of cell cycle progression through activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk). Three homologs exist in humans: Cdc25A, Cdc25B, and Cdc25C. Cdc25A and Cdc25B have oncogenic properties and are overexpressed in some types of tumors. Compounds that inhibit Cdc25 dual-specificity phosphatase activity might thus be potent anticancer agents. We screened several hundred compounds in a library using an in vitro phosphatase assay, with colorimetric measurement of the conversion of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) to p-nitrophenol by the catalytic domain of recombinant human Cdc25, and discovered TPY-835, which inhibits Cdc25A and Cdc25B activity (IC50 = 5.1 and 5.7 microM, respectively). TPY-835 had mixed inhibition kinetics for Cdc25A and Cdc25B. TPY-835 caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in human lung cancer cells (A549 and SBC-5) but not cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. After treatment with TPY-835, the activation of Cdk2 was suppressed and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was decreased in SBC-5 cells. In addition, TPY-835 induced an increase of the sub-G1 phase cell population after 48-72 h treatment. The growth inhibitory effects of TPY-835 against cisplatin (CDDP)-, camptothecin- and 5-FU-resistant cell lines are comparable to the growth inhibitory effect on their parental lines, thus indicating that TPY-835 did not show cross-resistance to these cell lines. These results suggest that TPY-835 is a promising candidate for constructing a novel class of antitumor agents that can control the cell cycle progression of cancer cells.
A laboratory information management system for small to medium sized soil, plant and water testing laboratories (2000)

A laboratory information management system (LIMS) written in Visual Basic using Microsoft Access 95 database and operating in the Windows 95 environment has been developed. The system provides easy entry of all test parameters including sample set identification, sample type, date samples taken and received, sample disposal procedures, identification of technicians responsible and individual sample identification. The system allows input of ASCII files from intelligent laboratory instruments. Data, including reports, can be easily imported or exported in text or ASCII format. Printable customized laboratory work sheets and final reports are designed using parameters stored in a separate protected but editable database. Minimal operator input is required for the calculation and electronic mailing of results, as well as the storage and archival of all data. Report files can be delivered rapidly using email. An up-to-date list of analyses pending is available to the laboratory manager providing information required to plan laboratory activities such as staffing and consumables purchasing. The system provides easy sample tracking.
How did farmers act? Ex-post validation of linear and positive mathematical programming approaches for farm-level models implemented in an agent-based agricultural sector model (2020)

This study evaluates linear programming (LP) and positive mathematical programming (PMP) approaches for 3,400 farm-level models implemented in the SWISSland agent-based agricultural sector model. To overcome limitations of PMP regarding the modelling of investment decisions, we further investigated whether the forecasting performance of farm-level models could be improved by applying LP to animal production activities only, where investment in new sectors plays a major role, while applying PMP to crop production activities. The database used is the Swiss Farm Accountancy Data Network. Ex-post evaluation was performed for the period from 2005 to 2012, with the 2003-2005 three-year average as a base year. We found that PMP applied to crop production activities improves the forecasting performance of farm-level models compared to LP. Combining PMP for crop production activi-ties with LP for modelling investment decisions in new livestock sectors improves the forecasting performance compared to PMP for both crop and animal production activities, especially in the medium and long term. For short-term forecasts, PMP for all production activities and PMP combined with LP for animal production activities produce similar results.
High-temperature fiber-tip pressure sensor (2006)

This paper presents a miniature fiber-optic high-temperature pressure sensor fabricated on the tip of a singlemode (SM) fiber by means of fusion splicing, cleaving, and wet chemical etching. A new approach was developed to simplify the fabrication and greatly improve the sensitivity. The sensor is made entirely of fused silica, whose high-temperature sensing capability is explored in detail for the first time. Two sensors were tested up to 611/spl deg/C and 710/spl deg/C, respectively, showing excellent repeatability better than 0.62% and 1.4%. The maximum operating temperature is limited by the mechanical creep of the fused silica diaphragm.
STRIPPER FOIL DEVELOPMENTS AT NSCL/MSU (2010)

The Coupled Cyclotrons Facility (CCF) at NSCL/MSU includes an injector cyclotron (K500) and a booster cyclotron (K1200). The beam from the K500 is injected radially into the K1200 and stripped at approximately one third of the radius at energies of approximately 10 MeV/u. Stripping is done with a carbon foil. The lifetime of the foil is very short when stripping heavy ions and does not agree with the estimates from formulas that work quite well for light ions. We will present in this paper the studies performed to understand the limitations and improve the lifetime of the foils. A foil test chamber with an electron gun has been built as part of the R&D for the US DOE Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project. It has been used to study different ways of supporting the carbon foils and effects of high temperature operation. Different foil materials (diamond-like carbon, graphene, etc) have been tested in the cyclotron.
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 44th Plenary Meeting Report (PLEN-13-03) (2013)

Casey, J. ... et al.-- The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries hold its 44th plenary on 4-8 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.-- 124 pages