gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anchorage-Independent Growth of Mouse Male Germline Stem Cells In Vitro1 (2005)

Spermatogenesis originates from a small number of spermatogonial stem cells that reside on the basement membrane and undergo self-renewal division to support spermatogenesis throughout the life of adult animals. Although the recent development of a technique to culture spermatogonial stem cells allowed reproduction of self-renewal division in vitro, much remains unknown about how spermatogonial stem cells are regulated. In this study, we found that spermatogonial stem cells could be cultured in an anchorage-independent manner, which is characteristic of stem cells from other types of self-renewing tissues. Although the cultured cells grew slowly (doubling time, approximately 4.7 days), they expressed markers of spermatogonia, and grew exponentially for at least 5 months to achieve 1.5 x 10(10) -fold expansion. The cultured cells underwent spermatogenesis following transplantation into the seminiferous tubules of infertile animals and fertile offspring were obtained by microinsemination of germ cells that had developed within the testes of recipients of the cultured cells. These results indicate that spermatogonial stem cells can undergo anchorage-independent, self-renewal division, and suggest that stem cells have the common property to survive and proliferate in the absence of exogenous substrata.
InterPlay: Horizontal Scale-Up and Transition to Design in Scenario-Based Programming (2006)

We describe InterPlay, a simulation engine coordinator that supports cooperation and interaction of multiple simulation and execution tools, thus helping to scale up the design and development cycle of reactive systems. InterPlay involves a number of related ideas. In the first, we concentrate on the interobject design approach involving live sequence charts (LSCs) and its support tool, the play-engine, enabling multiple play-engines to run in cooperation. This makes possible the distributed design of large-scale systems by different teams, as well as the refinement of parts of a system using different play-engines. The second idea concerns combining the interobject approach with the more conventional intraobject approach, involving, for example, statecharts and Rhapsody. InterPlay makes it possible to run the play-engine in cooperation with Rhapsody, and is very useful when some system objects have clear and distinct internal behavior, or in an iterative development process where the design is implementation-oriented and the ultimate goal is to end up with an intraobject implementation. Finally, we have expanded the play-engine's ability to delegate some of the system's functionality to complex GUIs. This enables beneficial interaction with "smart" GUIs that have built-in behavior of their own, and which are more naturally implemented in code
Microwave Plasma Etching (1977)

A new plasma etching technique using microwave discharge is presented. Silicon wafers are etched by the discharge in a (CF4+O2) gas mixture. Fine patterns with dimensions of 1 µm are etched up to 1 µm in depth without undercutting at a pressure of 5×10-4 Torr with an Al mask having 0.08 µm thickness. Etching is thought to be carried out by chemical reactions. With this technique, the etching rate becomes maximum (2.6×10-2 µm/min) when the mixing ratio γ is 20%. Symbol γ is the partial pressure of O2 divided by the total pressure. The etched depth is proportional to the etching time. This technique is suitable for etching fine patterns of semiconductor devices.
Interference Alignment for Partially Connected MIMO Cellular Networks (2012)

In this paper, we propose an iterative interference alignment (IA) algorithm for MIMO cellular networks with partial connectivity, which is induced by heterogeneous path losses and spatial correlation. Such systems impose several key technical challenges in the IA algorithm design, namely the overlapping between the direct and interfering links due to the MIMO cellular topology as well as how to exploit the partial connectivity. We shall address these challenges and propose a three stage IA algorithm. As illustration, we analyze the achievable degree of freedom (DoF) of the proposed algorithm for a symmetric partially connected MIMO cellular network. We show that there is significant DoF gain compared with conventional IA algorithms due to partial connectivity. The derived DoF bound is also backward compatible with that achieved on fully connected K-pair MIMO interference channels.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet Modulates Microbiota and Promotes Intestinal Regeneration to Reduce Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathology (2019)

Dietary interventions are potentially effective therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We tested the effect of 4-day fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) cycles on a chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model resulting in symptoms and pathology associated with IBD. These FMD cycles reduced intestinal inflammation, increased stem cell number, stimulated protective gut microbiota, and reversed intestinal pathology caused by DSS, whereas water-only fasting increased regenerative and reduced inflammatory markers without reversing pathology. Transplants of Lactobacillus or fecal microbiota from DSS- and FMD-treated mice reversed DSS-induced colon shortening, reduced inflammation, and increased colonic stem cells. In a clinical trial, three FMD cycles reduced markers associated with systemic inflammation. The effect of FMD cycles on microbiota composition, immune cell profile, intestinal stem cell levels and the reversal of pathology associated with IBD in mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated in a clinical trial show promise for FMD cycles to ameliorate IBD-associated inflammation in humans.
Self-assembled monolayers for electrode fabrication and efficient threshold voltage control of organic transistors with amorphous semiconductor layer (2008)

Abstract In this paper we show that thiolated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be used to anchor source–drain gold electrodes on the substrate, leading to excellent electrical performances of the organic field-effect transistor (OFET) on a par with those using a standard electrode process. Using an amorphous semiconductor and a gate dielectric functionalized with SAMs bearing different dipole moments, we demonstrate that we can tune the threshold voltage alone, while keeping nearly unchanged the other electrical properties (hole carrier mobility, I on / I off ratio, subthreshold swing). This differs from previous studies for which SAMs functionalization induced significant changes in all the OFET electrical performances. This result opens doors to design organic circuits using reproducible amorphous semiconductor based OFETs for which only the threshold voltage can be tuned on demand.
BN‐9, a chimeric peptide with mixed opioid and neuropeptide FF receptor agonistic properties, produces nontolerance‐forming antinociception in mice (2016)

BN-9 produced a robust, nontolerance-forming analgesia with limited inhibition of gastrointestinal transit. As BN-9 is able to activate both opioid and NPFF systems, this provides an interesting approach for the development of novel analgesics with minimal side effects.
A rotating ultrasonic waveguide for studying acoustic radiation forces on particles (1991)

An apparatus was designed to allow a suspension of biological cells to be subjected to a well-defined, 160-kHz standing ultrasonic field while being viewed through a stereo microscope. Cell positions were recorded either photographically or by means of a video camera. The chamber cavity, which has a square cross section and pressure-release walls, acts as a single-mode acoustic waveguide. The well-defined single-mode field is achieved through use of a special design involving air-filled chamber windows. Aqueous metrizamide solution is used to fill the ultrasonic chamber because it has a unique combination of properties, including low viscosity, low osmolarity, and high density. The chamber rotates about its axis (whose inclination can be varied) producing the centripetal force necessary to contain the buoyant cells in the axial region. Observations were made on stroboscopically illuminated suspensions both of latex microspheres and of red blood cells. The particles formed groups at half-wavelength intervals along the rotation axis near positions of acoustic pressure-amplitude minima. The position and shape of these groupings are explained by a scalar-potential theory for noninteracting particles that considers gravitational, rotational, and acoustic radiation forces on the particles.
Airway Monitoring by Collection and Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Exhaled Particles (2008)

We describe a new method for simultaneously collecting particles in exhaled air for subsequent chemical analysis and measuring their size distribution. After forced exhalation, particles were counted and collected in spots on silicon wafers with a cascade impactor. Several phospholipids were identified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of the collected spots, suggesting that the particles originated from the lower airways. The amount of particles collected in ten exhalations was sufficient for characterizing the phospholipid composition. The feasibility of the technique in respiratory research is demonstrated by analysis of the phospholipid composition of exhaled particles from healthy controls, patients with asthma, and patients with cystic fibrosis. We believe this technology will be useful for monitoring patients with respiratory disease and has a high potential to detect new biomarkers in exhaled air.
Hybrid lidar-radar ocean experiment (1996)

Summary form only given. Lidar (light detection and ranging) is used for underwater surveillance. A pulse of blue-green optical radiation is transmitted from an airborne platform, and target information is extracted from the detected echo. A novel detection scheme has been conceived by combining microwave radar and lidar. In the hybrid configuration, the radar signal is impressed on the optical carrier by modulating the carrier at microwave frequencies. The reflected optical signal, with the superimposed microwave envelope, is detected by a high-speed photodetector.
Highly efficient broad‐area blue and white light‐emitting diodes on bulk GaN substrates (2008)

Abstract Highly efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emission wavelengths of nominally 450 nm were grown, fabricated and tested. The growth was performed by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The LEDs were grown on c ‐plane (0001) bulk GaN substrates and fabricated into broad‐area devices with active area 0.01 cm 2 . Considerations were made to improve extraction efficiency, including transparent contacts, suspended mirror‐less packaging and encapsulation in a truncated pyramid optic. These factors resulted in LEDs with high peak external quantum efficiency and reduced efficiency droop. The output power and external quantum efficiency at 20 mA were 38.5 mW and 68.9%. At 100 mA, they were 170 mW and 60.9%. White LEDs were fabricated by application of a yellow phosphor to the blue LEDs. The white LED luminous flux and efficacy at 20 mA was 9.6 lm and 128 lm/W. The chromaticity coordinates and correlated colour temperature were (0.348 K, 0.378 K) and 4998 K. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superlattice quantum cascade lasers operating at very long wavelengths (λ≅17 μm) (2003)

Summary form only given. We present the realization of a quantum cascade (QC) laser employing so-called chirped superlattices and operating at 17 /spl mu/m, which represents the first demonstration of a semiconductor injection laser based on intra-band transitions at wavelengths beyond the atmospheric windows. A schematic band diagram of the structure, which has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in InGaAs-InAlAs is given.
Protected qubit based on a superconducting current mirror (2006)

We propose a qubit implementation based on exciton condensation in capacitively coupled Josephson junction chains. The qubit is protected in the sense that all unwanted terms in its effective Hamiltonian are exponentially suppressed as the chain length increases. We also describe an implementation of a universal set of quantum gates. Most gates also offer exponential error suppression. The only gate that is not intrinsically fault-tolerant needs to be realized with about 50% precision, provided the other gates are exact.
Improved performance through tight coupling of redox cycles of sulfur and 2,6-polyanthraquinone in lithium–sulfur batteries (2017)

A redox-active polyanthraquinone suppresses polysulfide shuttling in lithium–sulfur batteries by coupling redox reactions of this polymer with the S redox cycle.
BLIC: Bi-Level Isosurface Compression (2002)

In this paper we introduce a new and simple algorithm to compress isosurface data. This is the data extracted by isosurface algorithms from scalar functions defined on volume grids, and used to generate polygon meshes or alternative representations. In this algorithm the mesh connectivity and a substantial proportion of the geometric information are encoded to a fraction of a bit per marching cubes vertex with a context based arithmetic coder closely related to the JBIG binary image compression standard. The remaining optional geometric information that specifies the location of each marching cubes vertex more precisely along its supporting intersecting grid edge, is efficiently encoded in scan-order with the same mechanism. Vertex normals can optionally be computed as normalized gradient vectors by the encoder and included in the bitstream after quantization and entropy encoding, or computed by the decoder in a postprocessing smoothing step. These choices are determined by trade-offs associated with an in-core vs. out-of-core decoder structure. The main features of our algorithm are its extreme simplicity and high compression rates.
A real-time platform for studying the modulatory capacity of epidural stimulation after spinal cord injury (2013)

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) showed promises to improve standing and walking after neurological disorders. To date, EES has been delivered continuously, although time-dependent stimulations would likely be more efficient to activate specific subsets of sensorimotor circuits with the appropriate timing. To address this issue, we developed a real-time stimulation platform that allows to trigger EES during pre-defined phases of the gait cycle in freely walking rats. We leveraged this platform to demonstrate the ability of time-dependent EES to modulate key aspects of locomotor kinematics in rats with complete spinal cord transection. This platform will support the development of personalized stimulation strategies that can be tailored to the need of individual subjects.
Homogeneous catalysis of the water gas shift reaction by mixed-metal (iron/ruthenium) catalysts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous catalysis of the water gas shift reaction by mixed-metal (iron/ruthenium) catalystsPeter C. Ford, Robert G. Rinker, Charles Ungermann, Richard M. Laine, Vincent Landis, and Sergio A. MoyaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 14, 4595–4597Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00482a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00482a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymorphisms of the <i>HTR2C</i> Gene and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Update and Meta-Analysis (2010)

Additional studies, including the resequencing of the region surrounding the HTR2C promoter, and functional studies of the promoter polymorphisms, may elucidate the mechanism underlying this genetic association.
FIR channel-shortening equalizers for MIMO ISI channels (2001)

Finite-length delay-optimized multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalizers that optimally shorten the impulse response memory of frequency-selective MIMO channels are derived. The MIMO equalizers are designed to minimize the average energy of the error sequence between the equalized MIMO channel impulse response and an MIMO target impulse response (TIR) with shorter memory. Two criteria for optimizing the MIMO TIR are analyzed and compared. The presented analytical framework encompasses a multitude of previously-studied finite-length equalization techniques.
Impurities and metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition growth of mercury cadmium telluride (1991)

The doping behavior of indium and iodine have been investigated for mercury cadmium telluride (MCT, Hg1−xCdxTe ) layers deposited by the interdiffused multilayer process procedure at 400 °C using diethyl tellurium and dimethyl cadmium. Trimethyl indium and solid iodine were used as dopant sources. Both elements exhibited donor behavior under the conditions employed. Secondary ion mass spectrometry profile analysis was used to demonstrate that indium required a relatively long period during growth to attain an equilibrium concentration in the layer; in addition a significant reactor system memory was observed allied to a relatively fast diffusion rate. Iodine showed encouraging dopant properties at low concentration levels, the chemical concentration of iodine was in good agreement with the free donor level from Hall measurements. The advantage and applicability of each of the three chemical analysis procedures used in this work are discussed together with comments on the residual impurity content and electrical properties of undoped layers.
Cephalomannine; a new antitumour alkaloid from Cephalotaxus mannii (1979)

Chemical investigation of the antileukaemic and cytotoxic principles of Cephalotaxus mannii has led to the isolation and characterization of cephalomannine, an alkaloidal taxane derivative structurally unrelated to the harringtonine series of alkaloids characteristic of most Cephalotaxus species.
Organelle-Targetable Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells via SNAP-Tag Protein Labeling (2010)

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a potent small-molecule oxidant that can exert a diverse array of physiological and/or pathological effects within living systems depending on the timing and location of its production, accumulation, trafficking, and consumption. To help study the chemistry and biology of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) in its native cellular context, we now present a new method for monitoring local, subcellular changes in H(2)O(2) levels by fluorescence imaging. Specifically, we have exploited the versatility of the SNAP-tag technology for site-specific protein labeling with small molecules on the surface or interior of living cells with the use of boronate-capped dyes to selectively visualize H(2)O(2). The resulting SNAP-Peroxy-Green (SNAP-PG) probes consist of appropriately derivatized boronates bioconjugated to SNAP-tag fusion proteins. Spectroscopic measurements of the SNAP-PG constructs confirm their ability to detect H(2)O(2) with specificity over other biologically relevant ROS. Moreover, these hybrid small-molecule/protein reporters can be used in live mammalian cells expressing SNAP-tag fusion proteins directed to the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Imaging experiments using scanning confocal microscopy establish organelle-specific localization of the SNAP-tag probes and their fluorescence turn-on in response to changes in local H(2)O(2) levels. This work provides a general molecular imaging platform for assaying H(2)O(2) chemistry in living cells with subcellular resolution.
Wide field of view (WFoV) imaging for consumer devices (2014)

The concepts of wide field of view (WFoV) imaging for consumer devices are explained. Some current examples and enabling technologies are provided. The need for real-time distortion correction is outlined. Several new fields of application for consumer WFoV technology are briefly described. Practical use cases will be demonstrated at the conference presentation.
Incrementally Updating the SMT Reordering Model (2014)

This work is concerned with incrementally training statistical machine translation (SMT) models when new data becomes available. That, in contrast to re-training new models based on the entire accumulated data. In- cremental training provides a way to per- form faster, more frequent model updates, en- abling keeping the SMT system up-to-date with the most recent data. Specifically, we address incrementally updating the reorder- ing model (RM), a component in phrase-based machine translation that models phrase order changes between the source and the target languages, and for which incremental train- ing has not been proposed so far. First, we show that updating the reordering model is helpful for improving translation quality. Sec- ond, we present an algorithm for updating the reordering model within the popular Moses SMT system. Our method produces the exact same model as when training the model from scratch, but doing so much faster.
Concept Development of Fixed Geometry Tactile Display using Granular Jamming (2019)

Palpation plays a significant role in medical diagnosis and treatment. It enables the ability to perceive tissue stiffness and reactive characteristics necessary for the first stage examination and routine inspection to detect malignant lumps located under the skin. Several attempts have been made to design palpation simulators but lack of realistic tactile/haptic feedback has been one of the major concerns. To overcome the limitation, we designed a new mechanism for a tactile display. It utilizes granular jamming technology using pneumatic actuation to control a display nodule that maintains its shape while allowing the modulation in stiffness. To achieve our goal, we designed a hemispherically combined display nodule having different thickness and material for the contact and actuation portions of the sphere. This design can provide a controllable tactile display while maintaining its dimension.