gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feline leukemia virus infection and diseases (1991)

Feline leukemia virus is a naturally occurring, contagiously transmitted and oncogenic immunosuppressive retrovirus of cats. The effects of FeLV are paradoxical, causing cytoproliferative and cytosuppressive disease (eg, lymphoma and myeloproliferative disorders vs immunodeficiency and myelosuppressive disorders). In the first few weeks after virus exposure, interactions between FeLV and hemolymphatic system cells determine whether the virus or the cat will dominate in the host/virus relationship--persistent viremia and progressive infection or self limiting, regressive infection will develop. The outcome of these early host/virus interactions is revealed in the diagnostic assays for FeLV antigenemia and viremia. The latter, in turn, predict the outcome of FeLV infection in cats. Known host resistance factors include age and immune system functional status. Known virus virulence factors are magnitude of exposure and virus genotype. Molecular analysis of FeLV strains indicated that natural virus isolates exist as mixtures of closely related virus genotypes and that minor genetic variations among FeLV strains can impart major differences in pathogenicity. The genetic coding regions responsible for cell targeting and specific disease inducing capacity (eg, thymic lymphoma, acute immunosuppression, or aplastic anemia) have been mapped to the virus surface glycoprotein and/or long terminal repeat regions for several FeLV strains. Infection by specific FeLV strains leads to either malignant transformation or cytopathic deletion of specific lymphocyte and hemopoietic cell population, changes that prefigure the onset of clinical illness. Another notable feature of the biology of FeLV is that many cats are able to effectively contain and terminate viral replication, an important example of host immunologic control of a retrovirus infection and a process that can be selectively enhanced by vaccination. Thus, FeLV infection serves as a natural model of the multifaceted pathogenesis of retroviruses and as a paradigm for immunoprophylaxis against an immunosuppressive leukemogenic retrovirus.
Electro-Microfluidic Packaging (2002)

Electro-microfluidics is experiencing explosive growth in new product developments. There are many commercial applications for electro-microfluidic devices such as chemical sensors, biological sensors, and drop ejectors for both printing and chemical analysis. The number of silicon surface micromachined electro-microfluidic products is likely to increase. Manufacturing efficiency and integration of microfluidics with electronics will become important. Surface micromachined microfluidic devices are manufactured with the same tools as IC's (integrated circuits) and their fabrication can be incorporated into the IC fabrication process. In order to realize applications for devices must be developed. An Electro-Microfluidic Dual In-line Package (EMDIP{trademark}) was developed surface micromachined electro-microfluidic devices, a practical method for getting fluid into these to be a standard solution that allows for both the electrical and the fluidic connections needed to operate a great variety of electro-microfluidic devices. The EMDIP{trademark} includes a fan-out manifold that, on one side, mates directly with the 200 micron diameter Bosch etched holes found on the device, and, on the other side, mates to lager 1 mm diameter holes. To minimize cost the EMDIP{trademark} can be injection molded in a great variety of thermoplastics which also serve to optimize fluid compatibility. The EMDIP{trademark} plugs directly into a fluidic printed wiring board using a standard dual in-line package pattern for the electrical connections and having a grid of multiple 1 mm diameter fluidic connections to mate to the underside of the EMDIP{trademark}.
Radiometric calibration using temporal irradiance mixtures (2008)

We propose a new method for sampling camera response functions: temporally mixing two uncalibrated irradiances within a single camera exposure. Calibration methods rely on some known relationship between irradiance at the camera image plane and measured pixel intensities. Prior approaches use a color checker chart with known reflectances, registered images with different exposure ratios, or even the irradiance distribution along edges in images. We show that temporally blending irradiances allows us to densely sample the camera response function with known relative irradiances. Our first method computes the camera response curve using temporal mixtures of two pixel intensities on an uncalibrated computer display. The second approach makes use of temporal irradiance mixtures caused by motion blur. Both methods require only one input image, although more images can be used for improved robustness to noise or to cover more of the response curve. We show that our methods compute accurate response functions for a variety of cameras.
The Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic Phosphonamides (2000)

The preparation and utilization of C(2)-symmetric 1,4-diamines in the synthesis of amino acid-derived cyclic phosphonamides 1-3 are described. The 1,4-diamines are synthesized via three methods: (i) amino acid/fumaryl chloride coupling followed by amide reduction, (ii) amino acid/1,4-diamine coupling followed by amide reduction, and (iii) a template-supported ring-closing metathesis/hydrolysis sequence. The pseudo C(2)-symmetric cyclic phosphonamides 1-3 are prepared by condensation of the C(2)-symmetric 1,4-diamines to P(III) centers, followed by oxidation.
Compositional Analysis of Heavy Petroleum Distillates by Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography, Field Ionization and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry (2019)

We report recent progresses of combining comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (2DGC or GC × GC) separation, field ionization (FI), and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) for the detailed analysis of vacuum gas oil distillation (VGO) cuts. 2DGC separates petroleum molecules by the combination of boiling point and polarity. FI generates molecule ions-only mass spectra. TOF MS allows accurate mass analysis of hydrocarbon molecules. A new data analysis strategy is implemented for compositional analysis. First, all masses were separated into nominal mass classes. Since petroleum homologues have unique Kendrick mass defects (KMD), KMD plots were generated for easy recognition of homologues series within each nominal mass class. Finally, KMD windows were imposed for complete resolution of petroleum molecules. Using this approach, a total of 16 hydrocarbon types, 14 sulfur types, and their carbon number distributions were determined in the three VGO distillation cuts. Two series of geological biomarkers were also revealed by the analysis.
A smartphone app-based digital hearing aid with sliding-band dynamic range compression (2016)

Listeners with sensorineural hearing loss have degraded speech perception due to frequency-dependent elevation of hearing thresholds, reduced dynamic range, and increased temporal and spectral masking. Signal processing in hearing aids for such listeners uses frequency-selective amplification and dynamic range compression for restoring normal loudness of low-level sounds without making the high-level sounds uncomfortably loud. Sliding-band compression has been reported earlier for reducing the temporal and spectral distortions generally associated with currently used single and multiband compression techniques. The paper presents implementation of sliding-band compression as a smartphone app for use as a hearing aid. The processing involves a frequency-dependent gain function calculated on the basis of critical bandwidth based short-time power spectrum and the specified hearing thresholds, compression ratios, and attack and release times. It is realized using FFT-based analysis-synthesis and can be integrated with other such techniques for computational efficiency.
Multi-strain co-cultures surpass blends for broad spectrum biological control of maladies of potatoes in storage (2010)

Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens strains S11:P:12, P22:Y:05, and S22:T:04 and Enterobacter cloacae strain S11:T:07 have been documented to suppress four important storage potato maladies – dry rot, late blight, pink rot, and sprouting. This research investigates the efficacy and consistency of strain mixtures produced by co-culturing strains together in one vessel or by blending them together after separate cultivations in pure cultures. Pure and co-cultures were produced in flask or fermentor cultures, viable cell concentrations were assessed using a nutrient-based selective plating method to identify and enumerate strains, and the efficacy of treatments was assessed with respect to dry rot, pink rot, late blight or sprout suppression. Experiments were designed to analyze dry rot suppression versus all strain combinations and the combination method (co-culture or blend). Results of a two-way analysis of variance of disease with strain composition and combination method showed that significantly better dry rot suppression was obtained by co-cultures (30.3±2.4% relative disease) than by similar strain blends of pure cultures (41.3±2.4%) (P<0.001). During a 3-year study, both biocontrol efficacy and consistency were assessed in 16 laboratory and small pilot trials simulating commercial storages. Three-strain co-culture had a lower mean disease rating than the blend in 9 of 16 experiments examining control of the three diseases and sprouting. The co-culture led other treatments in incidences of significant malady reduction relative to the control: 14 of 16 attempts for co-culture, 11 of 16 attempts for blend, 10 of 13 attempts for pure S11:P:12, 8 of 13 attempts for S22:T:04, and 9 of 13 attempts for P22:Y:05. Using relative performance indices to rank treatment performance across all experiments, the co-culture treatment ranked significantly higher than the blend. A synergy analysis suggested that co-culturing strains stimulated inter-strain activities to boost biocontrol efficacy and consistency, a feature not developed in strains grown separately and mixed just prior to addition to potatoes.
A comparison of two frequency synthesizer architectures in SiGe BiCMOS for FMCW radar (2018)

We present a fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) with an option to operate either in single-loop or in dual-loop configuration. The PLL is composed of two chips: a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) chip and a synthesizer chip that are integrated on one printed circuit board. In the synthesizer chip, a chirp generation circuit is included for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar systems. The measurement results reveal that in the steady state the dual-loop operation is superior over single-loop operation due to its lower in-band phase noise. This makes it attractive for FMCW radar using slow frequency ramps. By contrast, in the case of fast frequency ramps the single-loop configuration is preferred due to its higher VCO gain resulting in a faster frequency settling. The circuits are fabricated in a 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology and are well suited for highly integrated FMCW radar systems at 80 GHz. They offer high flexibility in programming ramp type, ramp duration and modulation bandwidth.
Self-tuning control of a switched reluctance motor drive with shaft position sensor (2002)

The control of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is usually based on the inductance profiles as a function of position. This paper addresses the problem of obtaining optimal performance from an SRM in the presence of parameter variation which can alter the phase inductance profiles. The operation of an SRM drive in the controlled current mode from zero to base speed is considered. New self-tuning algorithms are presented which optimize the steady-state performance of the drive as measured by torque per ampere (TPA). Computer simulations are employed to show the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the optimal TPA problem. The application of the new control strategy is explained in the context of a speed controlled drive system. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the self-tuning controller.
Generation of a high-producing clone of a humanized anti-B-cell lymphoma monoclonal antibody (hLL2) (1997)

By means of gene amplification, the authors have generated a high-producing hLL2-IgG clone suitable for production of the quantity of antibody necessary for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic trials of NHL patients.
FutureWaves™: A real-time Ship Motion Forecasting system employing advanced wave-sensing radar (2016)

We present the design, prototype, and performance results of a standalone system that predicts vessel motion time-series based upon wide-area ocean-surface radar operational-observations. It is based on development conducted with sponsorship from the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR) under the Environmental and Ship Motion Forecasting (ESMF) program. The key inputs are Doppler-radar measurements of the ocean surface, the vessel characteristics, and measured vessel motions. The principal outputs are a statistical representation of expected vessel motions for various courses and speeds and a precise time-specific prediction of the vessel motions for several minutes. The system also provides detailed, real-time wave characterization in the form of a self-calibrating energy power spectrum, sea heights for various frequency (wave period) bands, and trends of the ocean environment, as well as trends of the measured resultant vessel motions. Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) numerical models and direct buoy observations can also be used by the statistical ship-motion forecaster to provide vessel operational planning guidance for hours and days ahead. The developmental prototype system was tested and demonstrated on four different USNS vessels in support of naval operations on two occasions in 2015 and again in July 2016. These demonstrations have borne out the relevance and utility of such a system in enhancing safety of critically sensitive operations and in expanding operational envelopes where the ocean environment can have significant impact. Coined “FutureWaves™”, the system provides the ship master and crew with the advanced warning information necessary to assess and safely respond to a challenging ocean environment. Mariners have long relied upon seaman's eye to assess the seas and warn of impending waves and potential hazards. FutureWaves™ revolutionizes this essential seafaring skill by leveraging modern processing strength with an inventive approach that provides a cutting-edge capability that is key to the safe execution of crucial offshore operations involving the transfer of personnel and equipment at sea.
A Fast (k,L,n)-Threshold Ramp Secret Sharing Scheme (2009)

Shamir's (k, n)-threshold secret sharing scheme (threshold scheme) has two problems: a heavy computational cost is required to make shares and recover the secret, and a large storage capacity is needed to retain all the shares. As a solution to the heavy computational cost problem, several fast threshold schemes have been proposed. On the other hand, threshold ramp secret sharing schemes (ramp scheme) have been proposed in order to reduce each bit-size of shares in Shamir's scheme. However, there is no fast ramp scheme which has both low computational cost and low storage requirements. This paper proposes a new (k, L, n)-threshold ramp secret sharing scheme which uses just EXCLUSIVE-OR(XOR) operations to make shares and recover the secret at a low computational cost. Moreover, by proving that the fast (k, n)-threshold scheme in conjunction with a method to reduce the number of random numbers is an ideal secret sharing scheme, we show that our fast ramp scheme is able to reduce each bit-size of shares by allowing some degradation of security similar to the existing ramp schemes based on Shamir's threshold scheme.
Magnesium‐dependent activated partial thromboplastin time assay—Simple method for lupus anticoagulant detection (2019)

Abstract Introduction Detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA), an antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody, in a clotting time test is an important finding for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, confirmation of LA requires several different testing procedures, some of which can be difficult and require time. We report here a simple and highly specific method for detecting LA. Materials and Methods We examined 66 plasma samples obtained from LA‐positive (LA) and 75 from LA‐negative (non‐LA) subjects, which included patients with acquired hemophilia and coagulation disorders, as well as from 43 healthy volunteer samples as normal controls. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was determined by adding 20 mmol of CaCl 2 (Ca‐APTT) or 25 mmol of a mixture of Mg and Ca (Mg‐APTT). The ratio of Mg‐APTT/Ca‐APTT was then calculated and used as the Mg/Ca Index. Results The Mg/Ca Index value for the LA group was significantly lower than that for the non‐LA and normal control groups ( P < .0001). When the cutoff value of the Mg/Ca Index was less than 1.00, the sensitivity of LA determination using the Mg‐APTT assay was 80.3%, while specificity was 100%. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the present Mg‐APTT assay is a simple yet highly specific method for LA detection.
Oral Inoculation of Chickens with a Candidate Fowl Adenovirus 9 Vector (2013)

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are a potential alternative to human adenovirus-based vaccine vectors. Our previous studies demonstrated that a 2.4-kb region at the left end of the FAdV-9 genome is nonessential for virus replication and is suitable for the insertion or replacement of transgenes. Our in vivo study showed that the virus FAdV-9Δ4, lacking six open reading frames (ORFs) at the left end of its genome, replicates less efficiently than wild-type FAdV-9 (wtFAdV-9) in chickens that were infected intramuscularly. However, the fecal-oral route is the natural route of FAdV infection, and the oral administration of a vaccine confers some advantages compared to administration through other routes, especially when developing an adenovirus as a vaccine vector. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of FAdV-9 in orally inoculated chickens. In the present study, we orally inoculated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with FAdV-9 and FAdV-9Δ4 and assessed virus shedding, antibody response, and viral genome copy number and cytokine gene expression in tissues. Our data showed that FAdV-9Δ4 replicated less efficiently than did wtFAdV-9, as evidenced by reduced virus shedding in feces, lower viral genome copy number in tissues, and lower antibody response, which are consistent with the results of the intramuscular route of immunization. Furthermore, we found that both wtFAdV-9 and FAdV-9Δ4 upregulated the mRNA expression of alpha interferon (IFN-α), IFN-γ, and interleukin-12 (IL-12). In addition, there was a trend toward downregulation of IL-10 gene expression caused by both viruses. These findings indicate that one or more of the six deleted ORFs contribute to modulating the host response against virus infection as well as virus replication in vivo.
Carbon Dioxide Separation with Novel Solvents as Liquid Membranes (2002)

Glycerol carbonate is studied as a new physical solvent for carbon dioxide separation from CO2/N2 mixtures. CO2-selective behavior of glycerol carbonate is explored in an immobilized liquid membrane (ILM) configuration. Pure glycerol carbonate ILMs retained their CO2/N2 selectivity around 80−130 over a large range of CO2 partial pressures. Its CO2 selectivity was not affected by the absence of humidity in feed and sweep streams. When exposed to dry feed gas conditions, the CO2 permeability through pure glycerol carbonate ILMs was about 100 barrer, which increased to about 350 barrer in the presence of humidified feed streams. Addition of small amounts of facilitating carriers such as poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (generation zero) and sodium glycinate appears to significantly help CO2 facilitation at low CO2 partial pressures. However, at high CO2 feed partial pressures, there was a loss of selectivity with the addition of the carriers. The potential for glycerol carbonate based ILMs in CO2 separation from different CO2-containing gas mixtures is discussed and compared with existing solvent/membrane configurations.
Capabilities of monocentric objective lenses (2013)

Monocentric lenses (MC) enable panoramic high-resolution imaging, but have not been fully explored. We present algorithms for systematic optimization of monocentric objectives, and show the tradeoff between lens complexity and focal length, numerical aperture and spectral bandwidth.
Instance-based sentence boundary determination by optimization for natural language generation (2005)

This paper describes a novel instance-based sentence boundary determination method for natural language generation that optimizes a set of criteria based on examples in a corpus. Compared to existing sentence boundary determination approaches, our work offers three significant contributions. First, our approach provides a general domain independent framework that effectively addresses sentence boundary determination by balancing a comprehensive set of sentence complexity and quality related constraints. Second, our approach can simulate the characteristics and the style of naturally occurring sentences in an application domain since our solutions are optimized based on their similarities to examples in a corpus. Third, our approach can adapt easily to suit a natural language generation system's capability by balancing the strengths and weaknesses of its subcomponents (e.g. its aggregation and referring expression generation capability). Our final evaluation shows that the proposed method results in significantly better sentence generation outcomes than a widely adopted approach.
Neuroblastoma consensus deletion maps to 1p36.1–2 (1989)

At least 70% of human neuroblastomas display cytogenetically visible aberrations in the short arm of chromosome 1. We have used a panel of probes detecting polymorphic DNA loci, most of which were derived from a library of microdissected distal 1p chromosome fragments, to compare the hybridization pattern of DNA on nine different tumors and the corresponding normal tissue. In eight of the neuroblastomas allelic loss was observed with at least two probes. The deletions were of different size. Since a consensus deletion in all eight tumors included the segment 1p36.1-2, we conclude that genetic information related to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis is located within this approximately 10 megabase segment. Previous studies have revealed the amplification of MYCN in neuroblastomas. Our study did not provide evidence for a correlation between MYCN amplification and the 1p deletion, suggesting that the two genetic alterations result from molecular mechanisms that are not directly related to each other.