gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Mode-Area All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibers for the Mitigation of Optical Nonlinearities (2015)

There is still significant need for power scaling of fiber lasers. Large-mode-area fibers are a key for the mitigation of optical nonlinearities. In recent years, mode instability has shown itself to be an additional significant limiting factor for single-mode power scaling in the regime of a few hundred watts to kilowatts. It is better appreciated now that further power scaling requires significant high-order-mode suppression in addition to a large effective mode area in a fiber. In recent years, we have shown that all-solid photonic bandgap fibers are a superior approach due to their unsurpassed higher-order-mode suppression in large-mode-area designs, making them well suited for applications at high average powers. We will review of some of the recent progress, challenges, and prospects of all-solid photonic bandgap fibers in this invited paper.
Universal tumor-reactive helper peptides from telomerase as new tools for anticancer vaccination (2013)

Accumulating evidence demonstrates the importance of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in antitumor immune responses. Identifying promiscuous MHC class II-binding peptides derived from relevant tumor-associated antigens that specifically target CD4<sup>+</sup> helper T cells in vivo represent a powerful approach to fully exploit these cells for anticancer immunotherapy.
A Convergent Approach to the Total Synthesis of Telmisartan via a Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction between Two Functionalized Benzimidazoles (2014)

A direct and efficient total synthesis has been developed for telmisartan, a widely prescribed treatment for hypertension. This approach brings together two functionalized benzimidazoles using a high-yielding Suzuki reaction that can be catalyzed by either a homogeneous palladium source or graphene-supported palladium nanoparticles. The ability to perform the cross-coupling reaction was facilitated by the regio-controlled preparation of the 2-bromo-1-methylbenzimidazole precursor. This convergent approach provides telmisartan in an overall yield of 72% while circumventing many issues associated with previously reported processes.
Dual arterial elastic modulus reconstruction from in-vivo strain imaging and PWV (2006)

An optimized elastic modulus reconstruction procedure was developed to estimate the nonlinear elastic properties of the vascular wall from intramural strain and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements. A non- invasive free-hand ultrasound scanning procedure was used to apply external force, comparable to the force in measuring a subject's blood pressure, to achieve higher strains by equalizing the internal arterial baseline pressure. PWV was estimated at the same location where intramural strain was measured by simply rotating the US probe by 90 degrees. The reconstructed elastic modulus was optimized using least squares estimation from two separate measurements. Preliminary in-vivo results demonstrate that arterial elastic modulus can be determined and monitored using a simple dual elastic modulus reconstruction procedure.
Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane Preparation by Economical Coating and Pyrolysis of Porous Polymer Hollow Fibers (2019)

Dip coating and pyrolysis processes are used to create multi-layer asymmetric carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes with excellent gas separation properties. Coating of an economical engineered support with a high-performance polyimide to create precursor fibers with a dense skin layer reduces material cost by 25-fold compared to monolithic precursors or ceramic supports. CMS permeation results with CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> (50:50) mixed gas feed show attractive CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity of 58.8 and CO<sub>2</sub> permeance of 310 GPU at 35 °C.
Electromechanical loading of frequency selective surfaces (2017)

In this paper, we describe how electromechanical resonators such as BAW and SAW devices can be used to load FSS unit cells in order to greatly narrow the bandwidth of the resulting FSS. Unlike traditional FSS structures, this new design utilizes high Q electromechanical resonances to create high frequency selectivity and highly subwavelength unit cells, without large inductive and capacitive components. Due to their small unit cell size, these electromechanically loaded FSS structures can be practical at the UHF band and more easily conformed to complex radome and package geometries.
Patterned p-Doping of InAs Nanowires by Gas-Phase Surface Diffusion of Zn (2010)

Gas phase p-doping of InAs nanowires with Zn atoms is demonstrated as an effective route for enabling postgrowth dopant profiling of nanostructures. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by the fabrication of high-performance gated diodes and p-MOSFETs. High Zn concentrations with electrically active content of approximately 1 x 10(19) cm(-3) are achieved which is essential for compensating the electron-rich surface layers of InAs to enable heavily p-doped structures. This work could have important practical implications for the fabrication of planar and nonplanar devices based on InAs and other III-V nanostructures which are not compatible with conventional ion implantation processes that often cause severe lattice damage with local stoichiometry imbalance.
Recent advances in niacin and lipid metabolism (2013)

Recent advances have provided physiological mechanisms of action of niacin on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Better understanding of niacin's actions on multiple tissues and targets may be helpful in designing combination therapy and new treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.
The Inherent Difficulty of Timely Primary-Backup Replication (2012)

We show that existing methods for primary-backup replication may disrupt the timing behavior of an underlying service to the extent of making it unusable. Furthermore, we prove that this problem is inherent to the standard primary-backup model. The formal proof is based on an analysis of the “local knowledge” available to each party in a correct primary-backup protocol. This negative result implies that entirely new approaches are needed to resolve the problem; on the positive side, the proof offers some hints for designing a solution. © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent.
An area- and power-efficient half-rate clock and data recovery circuit (2014)

This paper presents a 3.2 Gb/s low-power clock and data recovery (CDR). The improved architecture using two half-rate gated voltage-controlled oscillators (GVCOs) shared between frequency presetting and data recovery modes is presented to remove the LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator in a cascaded CDR. Moreover, using the proposed active inductive loading technique instead of the on-chip inductor reduces the power consumption and area in high-speed operation. This CDR circuit has been designed in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It consumes 22.5 mW from a 1.8-V supply and occupies an active area of 0.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The peak-to-peak and rms jitter of the recovered clock are 95.6 ps and 12.1 ps for a 3.2 Gb/s 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1 PRBS, respectively.
Mode-free electromagnetic bandgap materials with broadside radiation as phased array antenna elements (2017)

This paper presents a new class of electromagnetic bandgap material (EBG), which we define as the bandgap-antenna structure. It is a true EBG material, with both surface and leaky waves suppressed from the whole structure along all lateral directions, and it is also an antenna element simultaneously. The configuration has two metallization layers of sliced concentric rings between a square-shaped radiating top metal layer and a bottom ground plane. The lower rings are connected to the ground plane through vias and the patch of the top layer is fed with a probe. Eigenmode- and transmission-based full-wave modal analyses of the whole structure proved the presence of a mode-free bandgap region within which the proposed design radiates to broadside direction with 6.01 dBi gain. This structure is an ideal choice for phased array elements due to being modeless along the lateral directions while radiating to the broadside direction; phased array elements will be isolated if the proposed construction is used for array elements.
Concept of Furnace for Metal Refining by Microwave Heating &mdash;A Design of Microwave Smelting Furnace with Low CO<SUB>2</SUB> Emission&mdash; (2010)

A concept of ore refining by microwave heating and a model of the microwave smelting furnace were proposed in order to build the first prototype furnace for efficient iron ore refining. The repose and wall friction angles were measured for powdery ores (mined in Robe River, Australia), and the electromagnetic field distribution was analyzed through numerical calculation to design the furnace.The hearth angle needs a certain amount of degrees, and the degrees must be less than 19.8-degrees in perspective of the mass transfer. A reverberator type furnace was adequate and utilizeed the energy efficiently. The reflected output reached the maximum when the electric wall was made at the cone surface.
Combined adaptive optics: optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics: scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system for retinal imaging (2009)

We describe a novel instrument that combines adaptive optics - Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO). Both systems share a common AO sub-system and vertical scanner to permit simultaneous acquisition of retinal images from both OCT and SLO. One of the benefits of combining OCT with SLO includes automatic co-registration between the two imaging modalities and potential for correcting lateral and transversal eye motion resulting in motion artifact-free volumetric retinal imaging. Results of using this system for eye model imaging are presented. Feasibility for clinical application is briefly discussed as well as potential further improvements of the current system.
13-Deoxycarminomycin, a New Biosynthetic Anthracycline (1985)

A new antitumor antibiotic, 13-deoxycarminomycin, has been isolated from the anthracycline complex produced by Streptomyces peucetius var. carminatus (ATCC 31502), a biochemical mutant of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, the doxorubicin-producing microorganism. The new anthracycline, showing antibacterial and cytotoxic activity in vitro, was found active against P-388 murine leukemia.
Narrow-depressed cladding fiber design for minimization of cladding mode losses in azimuthally asymmetric fiber Bragg gratings (1998)

The cladding and radiation mode loss characteristics of photo-induced gratings written in fibers with a narrow-depressed inner cladding are compared to the properties of gratings written in matched clad, photosensitive clad, and wide-depressed cladding fibers under varying grating azimuthal asymmetry conditions. Fibers with narrow-depressed claddings are found to have lower cladding mode losses for small degrees of asymmetry than previously proposed fiber designs for cladding-mode reduction.
Stage-Rocked Electron Channeling for Crystal Orientation Mapping (2018)

Microstructural analysis by crystal orientation mapping of bulk functional materials is an essential and routine operation in the engineering of material properties. Far and away the most successfully employed technique, Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD), provides high spatial resolution information at the cost of limited angular resolution and a distorted imaging condition. In this work, we demonstrate a stage-rocked electron channeling approach as a low-cost orientation mapping alternative to EBSD. This is accomplished by automated electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) as the microscope stage physically tilts/rotates a sample through a reduced hemisphere of orientations followed by computational reconstruction of electron channeling patterns (ECP). Referred to as Orientation Mapping by Electron Channeling (OMEC), our method offers advantages in terms of local defect analysis, as it combines the advantages of selected area ECP (SACP) and ECCI. We also illustrate dynamic or "adaptive" sampling schemes to increase the throughput of the technique. Finally, we discuss the implications for sample analysis in which large 3D maps of ECCI images can be routinely constructed of challenging crystalline samples. As an electron channeling-based approach to orientation mapping, OMEC may open new routes to characterize crystalline materials with high angular and spatial resolution.
Identifying Normal, AF and other Abnormal ECG Rhythms using a Cascaded Binary Classifier (2017)

In this paper, we present a methodology for classifying normal, atrial fibrillation (AF), non-AF related other abnormal heart rhythms and noisy recordings by analysing single lead ECG signal of short duration. In a two layer binary cascaded approach proposed in our methodology, an unlabelled recording is initially classified into one of the two intermediate classes ('normal+others' and 'AF+noisy') at the first layer before actual classification at the second layer. The Physionet Challenge 2017 dataset containing more than 8500 ECG recordings are used for creation of training models and interval validation. The proposed methodology yields an average F1-score of 0.91, 0.79 and 0.77 respectively in classifying normal, AF and other rhythms on the training dataset using 5-fold cross validation. Results also show that, the said methodology, when applied on a hidden test set maintained by the challenge organisers yields F1-score values of 0.92, 0.86 and 0.74 in classifying the same.
Two Use Cases of Machine Learning for SDN-Enabled IP/Optical Networks: Traffic Matrix Prediction and Optical Path Performance Prediction [Invited] (2018)

We describe two applications of machine learning in the context of internet protocol (IP)/Optical networks. The first one allows agile management of resources in a core IP/Optical network by using machine learning for short-term and long-term prediction of traffic flows. It also allows joint global optimization of IP and optical layers using colorless/directionless (CD) reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). Multilayer coordination allows for significant cost savings, flexible new services to meet dynamic capacity needs, and improved robustness by being able to proactively adapt to new traffic patterns and network conditions. The second application is important as we migrate our networks to Open ROADM networks to allow physical routing without the need for detailed knowledge of optical parameters. We discuss a proof-of-concept study, where detailed performance data for established wavelengths in an existing ROADM network is used for machine learning to predict the optical performance of each wavelength. Both applications can be efficiently implemented by using a software-defined network controller.
A novel design of a dispersion compensating fiber (1996)

We propose a novel dispersion compensating fiber design consisting of two highly asymmetric concentric cores. We show that the fundamental mode of the proposed fiber can have very large negative dispersion values [/spl sim/-5100 ps/(nm.km)] with larger mode field diameter (/spl sim/8-9 μm) relative to the existing dispersion compensating fibers.
Concealed object contrast enhancement using radar methods in a submillimeter-wave active imager (2008)

A single-pixel, active, heterodyne submillimeter-wave imager has been developed to detect concealed weapons on persons at standoff ranges of many meters. A major imaging challenge is that a targetpsilas reflected power often yields poor contrast of concealed objects because of specular scattering. To address this problem we have adapted high-resolution radar techniques to a 600 GHz active imager and generated three-dimensional through-clothes images of concealed objects with cm-scale resolution.
Engineering of a Glycerol Utilization Pathway for Amino Acid Production by <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2008)

The amino acid-producing organism Corynebacterium glutamicum cannot utilize glycerol, a stoichiometric by-product of biodiesel production. By heterologous expression of Escherichia coli glycerol utilization genes, C. glutamicum was engineered to grow on glycerol. While expression of the E. coli genes for glycerol kinase (glpK) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD) was sufficient for growth on glycerol as the sole carbon and energy source, additional expression of the aquaglyceroporin gene glpF from E. coli increased growth rate and biomass formation. Glutamate production from glycerol was enabled by plasmid-borne expression of E. coli glpF, glpK, and glpD in C. glutamicum wild type. In addition, a lysine-producing C. glutamicum strain expressing E. coli glpF, glpK, and glpD was able to produce lysine from glycerol as the sole carbon substrate as well as from glycerol-glucose mixtures.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting <scp>CD</scp>38 in hematological malignancies and beyond (2016)

CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface protein that has receptor as well as enzyme functions. The protein is generally expressed at low levels on various hematological and solid tissues, while plasma cells express particularly high levels of CD38. The protein is also expressed in a subset of hematological tumors, and shows especially broad and high expression levels in plasma cell tumors such as multiple myeloma (MM). Together, this triggered the development of various therapeutic CD38 antibodies, including daratumumab, isatuximab, and MOR202. Daratumumab binds a unique CD38 epitope and showed strong anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. The antibody engages diverse mechanisms of action, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, programmed cell death, modulation of enzymatic activity, and immunomodulatory activity. CD38-targeting antibodies have a favorable toxicity profile in patients, and early clinical data show a marked activity in MM, while studies in other hematological malignancies are ongoing. Daratumumab has single agent activity and a limited toxicity profile, allowing favorable combination therapies with existing as well as emerging therapies, which are currently evaluated in the clinic. Finally, CD38 antibodies may have a role in the treatment of diseases beyond hematological malignancies, including solid tumors and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Amyloid precursor protein processing and Aβ <sub>42</sub> deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease (1997)

The PDAPP transgenic mouse, which overexpresses human amyloid precursor protein (APP717V-->F), has been shown to develop much of the pathology associated with Alzheimer disease. In this report, levels of APP and its amyloidogenic metabolites were measured in brain regions of transgenic mice between 4 and 18 months of age. While absolute levels of APP expression likely contribute to the rate of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) deposition, regionally specific factors also seem important, as homozygotic mice express APP levels in pathologically unaffected regions in excess of that measured in certain amyloid plaque-prone regions of heterozygotic mice. Regional levels of APP and APP-beta were nearly constant at all ages, while A beta levels dramatically and predictably increased in brain regions undergoing histochemically confirmed amyloidosis, most notably in the cortex and hippocampus. In hippocampus, A beta concentrations increase 17-fold between the ages of 4 and 8 months, and by 18 months of age are over 500-fold that at 4 months, reaching an average level in excess of 20 nmol of A beta per g of tissue. A beta1-42 constitutes the vast majority of the depositing A beta species. The similarities observed between the PDAPP mouse and human Alzheimer disease with regard to A beta42 deposition occurring in a temporally and regionally specific fashion further validate the use of the model in understanding processes related to the disease.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Ring Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents (2017)

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women, resulting in more than half a million deaths worldwide every year. Although chemotherapeutic drugs remain the main stay of cancer treatment, it is observed that toxicity to normal cells poses a limitation to their therapeutic values. Moreover, the patient recovery rate from advanced breast cancer by chemotherapy is still unacceptably low. Tetrahydroisoqinoline derivatives (THIQs) were reported to act as selective subtype estrogen receptor antagonists/agonists and may serve as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer. In continuation of previous work we systematically synthesized and characterized the tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQs) analogs. <i>In-vitro</i> antiproliferative activity of new substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs were evaluated against human ER (+) <i>MCF-7</i> (breast), ER (-) <i>MDA-MB-231</i> (breast) and Ishikawa (endometrial) cancer cell lines using the CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. The most active compounds obtained in this study were 2b, 2i, and 3 g as demonstrated by their activity (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.2 μg/mL, 0.08 μg/mL; 0.61 μg/mL, 0.09 μg/mL; 0.25 μg/mL, 0.11 μg/mL) against <i>MCF-7</i> and Ishikawa cell lines respectively, in comparison to Tamoxifen activity (IC<sub>50</sub>=3.99 μg/mL, 7.87 μg/ml). The newly synthesized molecules were docked in the active sites of the ER-α (PDB: 3ERT), ER-β (PDB: 1QKN) and alpha-beta tubulin taxol complex (1JFF) crystal structures to determine the probable binding modes (bioactive conformations) of the active compounds.
Continuous synthesis of aminophenols from nitroaromatic compounds by combination of metal and biocatalyst (2004)

The combined action of immobilized hydroxylaminobenzene mutase and zinc in a flow-through system catalyzes the conversion of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding ortho-aminophenols, including a novel analog of chloramphenicol.
Cellular and humoral immunogenicity of a candidate DNA Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Subunit 1 (2021)

The urgent need for effective, safe and equitably accessible vaccines to tackle the ongoing spread of COVID-19 led researchers to generate vaccine candidates targeting varieties of immunogens of SARS-CoV-2. Because of its crucial role in mediating binding and entry to host cell and its proven safety profile, the subunit 1 (S1) of the spike protein represents an attractive immunogen for vaccine development. Here, we developed and assessed the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S1. Following in vitro confirmation and characterization, the humoral and cellular immune responses of our vaccine candidate (pVAX-S1) was evaluated in BALB/c mice using two different doses, 25 &micro;g and 50 &micro;g. Our data showed high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in mice immunized with three doses of pVAX-S1. Analysis of the induced IgG subclasses showed a Th1-polarized immune response as demonstrated by the significant elevation of spike-specific IgG2a and IgG2b compared to IgG1. Furthermore, we found that immunization of mice with three doses of 50 &micro;g of pVAX-S1 could elicit significant memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Taken together, our data indicates that pVAX-S1 is immunogenic and safe in mice and is worthy of further preclinical and clinical evaluation.