gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early endosome as a pathogenic target for antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (2017)

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a major phospholipid species with important roles in membrane trafficking and reorganization. Accumulating clinical data indicate that the presence of circulating antibodies against PE is positively correlated with the symptoms of antiphospholipid syndromes (APS), including thrombosis and repeated pregnancy loss. However, PE is generally sequestered inside a normal resting cell, and the mechanism by which circulating anti-PE antibodies access cellular PE remains unknown. The studies presented here were conducted with synthetic PE-binding agents, plasma samples from patients with anti-PE autoimmunity, and purified anti-PE antibodies. The results suggest that the cellular vulnerability to anti-PE antibodies may be mediated by the binding of PE molecules in the membrane of the early endosome. Endosomal PE binding led to functional changes in endothelial cells, including declines in proliferation and increases in the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as the expression of inflammatory molecules. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the etiology of anti-PE autoimmunity and, because endosomes are of central importance in almost all types of cells, could have important implications for a wide range of biological processes.
A New Multiband Generation of NMR Logging Tools (1998)

Abstract The paper describes the hardware and operation of a new generation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging tools. In the past, NMR required the logging engineer to consider the T1 relaxation times of the reservoir fluids likely to be encountered. Actual or simply assumed long T1's translated into slow logging speeds. The new tool generation overcomes this limitation. The key feature is that nine sensitive volumes are polarized in parallel and are read out in rapid sequence. A new sonde design speeds up the polarization process by a factor of 2. Each volume contributes equally to the result, and can support identical measurements for rapid stacking and fast logging, or can be used for individual, simultaneous measurements. Laboratory data and field test results are presented to demonstrate both the relative simplicity of operation and the improvement in data quality. Logging speeds can be typically upgraded by a factor of 4, while data for total porosity determination and fluid typing are acquired in a single logging pass.
Comparison of Barium and Amorphous Boron Pyrotechnics for Green Light Emission (2012)

Abstract A comparison of green light emission from both barium- and amorphous boron–based pyrotechnics is described. Emission spectra are shown for both the U.S. Army in-service M125A1 green star cluster formulation and an amorphous boron–potassium nitrate–binder formulation. The main peaks of the emission spectra, average dominant wavelength, and average spectral purity of both formulations are given. The role that combustion products play in determining flame temperature and continuum radiation is also discussed. Keywords: combustiongreen lightpyrotechnicspectroscopy Acknowledgments The authors thank the U.S. Army and Picatinny Arsenal for funding of this work. Notes This article not subject to U.S. copyright law.
Hybrid meshes (2002)

A hybrid mesh is a multiresolution surface representation that combines advantages from regular and irregular meshes. Irregular operations allow a hybrid mesh to change topology throughout the hierarchy and approximate detailed features at multiple scales. A preponderance of regular refinements allows for efficient data-structures and processing algorithms. We provide a user driven procedure for creating a hybrid mesh from scanned geometry and present a progressive hybrid mesh compression algorithm.
Paresthesia thresholds in spinal cord stimulation: a comparison of theoretical results with clinical data (1993)

The potential distributions produced in the spinal cord and surrounding tissues by dorsal epidural stimulation at the midcervical, midthoracic, and low thoracic levels were calculated with the use of a volume conductor model. Stimulus thresholds of myelinated dorsal column fibers and dorsal root fibers were calculated at each level in models in which the thickness of the dorsal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer was varied. Calculated stimulus thresholds were compared with paresthesia thresholds obtained from measurements at the corresponding spinal levels in patients. The influences of the CSF layer thickness, the contact separation in bipolar stimulation and the laterality of the electrodes on the calculated thresholds were in general agreement with the clinical data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Criteria for high‐level expression of a fungal laccase gene in transgenic maize (2003)

Expression of industrial enzymes in transgenic plants offers an alternative system to fungal fermentation for large-scale production. Very high levels of expression are required to make the enzymes cost-effective. We tested several parameters to determine the best method for achieving high levels of expression for a fungal laccase gene. Transgenic maize plants were generated using an Agrobacterium-mediated system. The molecular parameters that induced the highest expression were the maize embryo-preferred globulin 1 promoter and targeting of the protein to the cell wall. Two independent transgenic events that yielded multiple clonal plants were characterized in detail. Independent transgenic events 01 and 03 contained two or one copies of T-DNA, respectively. Plants derived from a single transgenic event varied in expression level, and the variation in expression levels was heritable. Within the seed, expression in these plants was primarily within the embryo, and was associated with seed browning and limited germination. High oil germplasm was used to increase germination, as well as to assist in increasing expression 20-fold in five generations through breeding and selection.
A Stereospecific Synthesis of Biotin from an Aromatic Precursor. Preliminary Communication (1976)

Abstract The total synthesis of the important natural product biotin 1 from the readily available keto diester 3 is described. This approach features the stereospecific hydrogenation of the thiophene intermediate 19 as the key synthetic step. The required differentiation of the diacid functionality of compound 7 is achieved by selective lactam formation with the terminal acid to yield the 8‐membered lactam 8 . A modified Curtius reaction then affords the rearranged diurethane 18 through a series of acyl transfers. Finally, a novel conversion of the 3, 4‐diurethane moiety to the imidazolidone portion of biotin is utilized to complete the synthesis.
Molecular mimicry between virus and host and its implications for dengue disease pathogenesis (2011)

Numerous infectious agents may trigger autoimmunity or even result in autoimmune diseases. Several mechanisms have been proposed for pathogen-triggered autoimmunity including molecular mimicry, cryptic antigens, epitope spreading, bystander activation and polyclonal activation. In the case of dengue virus infection which causes serious public health problems, the mechanisms regarding the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic syndrome are not fully resolved. Our previous studies suggest a mechanism of molecular mimicry in which antibodies directed against dengue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with human platelets and endothelial cells and cause their damage and dysfunction, which may be related to the clinical features of dengue disease. Several cell surface proteins recognized by patient serum samples and anti-NS1 antibodies have been identified. Based on proteomic studies and sequence analysis, the C-terminal region of dengue virus NS1 shows sequence homology with target proteins. In addition, different regions of dengue virus proteins including core, prM, E and NS1 proteins show sequence homology with different coagulatory molecules. As an example, the amino acid sequence 101-106 of E protein (WGNGCG) shows sequence homology with factors XI, X, IX, VII, II (thrombin), plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator. Furthermore, single chain variable region against NS1 can interfere with fibrin formation, which leads to prolonged thrombin time. We hypothesize that molecular mimicry between dengue virus proteins and coagulatory molecules may induce cross-reactive autoantibodies that can interfere with coagulation activation. A molecular mimicry pathogenesis for dengue disease which involves cross-reactivity of dengue virus with human endothelial cells, platelets and coagulatory molecules is proposed.
Catalyzed sealed-off CO/sub 2/ laser (1985)

A sealed-off CO/sub 2/ laser employs a catalyst to promote the recombination of CO and oxygen. The catalyst is loosely contained within a catalyst holder having a plurality of apertures and the catalyst is brought into contact with the gas by means of the pressure pulse caused by the electric discharge.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of 5-Carbon Sugar Alcohols (2005)

PNNL, in cooperation with the USDOE and CRADA partners, National Corn Growers Association and Archer Daniels Midland, has developed a new class of catalysts based on Nickel and Rhenium with very effective performance for highly selective, high conversion hydrogenolysis of five–carbon sugar alcohols to useful glycols. The Ni-Re catalyst appears to exhibit preferential hydrogenolysis of the carbon-carbon bonds of secondary carbons over primary carbons of the 5-carbon sugar alcohols tested. In addition, the catalyst has demonstrated significant and unique primary C-O bond hydrogenolysis activity in its ability to convert glycerol into 1,2- propylene glycol, which is then stable in the presence of this class of catalysts. The rhenium containing catalysts are found to have higher activity and better selectivity to desired glycols than previously reported catalysts. A continuous flow reactor lifetime test of over 1500 hours also demonstrated the requisite high stability for an industrially attractive process.
Selective removal of beta‐lactoglobulin directly from cow's milk and preparation of hypoallergenic formulas: a bioaffinity method (1993)

beta-Lactoglobulin, a major allergen of cow's milk, can pass into the breast milk of mothers consuming dairy products and thus sensitize a predisposed infant with a family history of atopic allergy. beta-Lactoglobulin coupled to Sepharose 4B can be used as a specific affinity matrix to remove beta-lactoglobulin from milk without the use of buffer systems. The tendency of beta-lactoglobulin to polymerize reversibly in milk promotes binding of the soluble protein to the coupled protein and a significant retardation in its elution with respect to the other milk proteins. The matrix can be regenerated with water and used repeatedly. These unique characteristics can be exploited in bioreactors designed to treat milk for the preparation of new hypoallergenic hyposensitizing milk formulas to be used by lactating mothers.
Structural biochemistry. 26. Antineoplastic agents. 111. Synthesis of the modified dolastatin 3 sequence cyclo-[L-Val-L-Leu-L-Pro-(R,S)-(gln)Thz-(gly)Thz] (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural biochemistry. 26. Antineoplastic agents. 111. Synthesis of the modified dolastatin 3 sequence cyclo-[L-Val-L-Leu-L-Pro-(R,S)-(gln)Thz-(gly)Thz]George R. Pettit and Cedric W. HolzapfelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4586–4590Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Dependable Detection Mechanism for Intersection Management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (Interactive Presentation) (2019)

Traffic intersections will become automated in the near future with the advent of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). Researchers have proposed intersection management approaches that use the position and velocity that are reported by vehicles to compute a schedule for vehicles to safely and efficiently traverse the intersection. However, a vehicle may fail to follow intersection manager (IM) scheduling commands due to erroneous sensor readings or unexpected incidents like engine failure, which can cause an accident if the failure happens inside the intersection. Additionally, rogue vehicles can take the advantage of the IM by providing false position and velocity data and cause traffic congestion. In this paper, we present a new technique and infrastructure to detect anomalies and inform the IM. We propose a vision system that can monitor the position of incoming vehicles and provide real-time data for the IM. The IM can use this data to verify the trajectories of CAVs and broadcast a warning when a vehicle fails to follow commands, making the IM more resilient against attacks and false data. We implemented our method by building infrastructure for an intersection with 1/10 scale model CAVs. Results show our method, when combined with an IM dataflows, is more dependable in the event of a failure compared to an IM without it.
Formation of neutrophil-activating peptide 2 from platelet-derived connective-tissue-activating peptide III by different tissue proteinases (1991)

Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) is generated by cleavage of two inactive precursors, connective-tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III) and platelet basic protein (PBP), which are stored in the alpha-granules of blood platelets. Using highly purified CTAP-III as the substrate we studied the generation of NAP-2 by several neutral tissue proteinases. CTAP-III was rapidly cleaved by chymotrypsin, cathepsin G and trypsin, yielding products with neutrophil-stimulating activity. This activity remained unchanged for 24 h in the presence of chymotrypsin, decreased only slowly in the presence of cathepsin G, but was rapidly destroyed by trypsin. CTAP-III was also degraded by human neutrophil elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase, but no active fragments were obtained. By contrast, no degradation of CTAP-III was observed with thrombin, plasmin or 'granzymes' from cytolytic T-lymphocyte granules. Two active fragments of CTAP-III, generated by chymotrypsin or cathepsin G, were purified and partially sequenced, and were found to have the same N-terminal sequence as NAP-2. These results indicate that both proteinases cleave preferentially the bond between amino acids 15 (Tyr) and 16 (Ala) of CTAP-III. We conclude that chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity in the vicinity of activated platelets may generate NAP-2 intravascularly. Due to its presence in the primary granules of neutrophils and monocytes cathepsin G is likely to be involved in this process.
Quantitative Characterization of Mass Lesions on Digitized Mammograms for Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (2000)

Use of the CAD system significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis. The findings suggest that the classification scheme may improve the radiologist's ability to differentiate benign from malignant mass lesions in the interpretation of mammograms.
A new echelon of precision polypentenamers: highly isotactic branching on every five carbons (2018)

A systematic study shows that bulky allylic substituents on cyclopentene monomers affords a highly precise microstructure after ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
Smart Protocols for Physical Therapy of Foot Drop Based on Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Case Study (2021)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used for treating foot drop by delivering electrical pulses to the anterior tibialis muscle during the swing phase of gait. This treatment requires that a patient can walk, which is mostly possible in the later phases of rehabilitation. In the early phase of recovery, the therapy conventionally consists of stretching exercises, and less commonly of FES delivered cyclically. Nevertheless, both approaches minimize patient engagement, which is inconsistent with recent findings that the full rehabilitation potential could be achieved by an active psycho-physical engagement of the patient during physical therapy. Following this notion, we proposed smart protocols whereby the patient sits and ankle movements are FES-induced by self-control. In six smart protocols, movements of the paretic ankle were governed by the non-paretic ankle with different control strategies, while in the seventh voluntary movements of the paretic ankle were used for stimulation triggering. One stroke survivor in the acute phase of recovery participated in the study. During the therapy, the patient's voluntary ankle range of motion increased and reached the value of normal gait after 15 sessions. Statistical analysis did not reveal the differences between the protocols in FES-induced movements.
The benefits and costs of DyC's run-time optimizations (2000)

DyC selectively dynamically compiles programs during their execution, utilizing the run-time-computed values of variables and data structures to apply optimizations that are based on partial evaluation. The dynamic optimizations are preplanned at static compile time in order to reduce their run-time cost; we call this staging . DyC's staged optimizations include (1) an advanced binding-time analysis that supports polyvariant specialization (enabling both single-way and multiway complete loop unrolling), polyvariant division, static loads, and static calls, (2) low-cost, dynamic versions of traditional global optimizations, such as zero and copy propagation and dead-assignment elimination, and (3) dynamic peephole optimizations, such as strength reduction. Because of this large suite of optimizations and its low dynamic compilation overhead, DyC achieves good performance improvements on programs that are larger and more complex than the kernels previously targeted by other dynamic compilation systems. This paper evaluates the benefits and costs of applying DyC's optimizations. We assess their impact on the performance of a variety of small to medium-sized programs, both for the regions of code that are actually transformed and for the entire application as a whole. Our study includes an analysis of the contribution to performance of individual optimizations, the performance effect of changing the applications' inputs, and a detailed accounting of dynamic compilation costs.
Solid‐State Coordination Chemistry: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Layered Vanadium Oxides with Interlayer Metal Coordination Complexes (1996)

A new class of solid-state materials are the hydrothermally synthesized compounds (L2M)y[VOx] (L = bidentate amine, M = Cu or Zn), which combine mixed-valence vanadium oxide layers with interlamellar coordination complexes. A section of the crystal structure of one example of these compounds with M = Cu and L = ethylenediamine is shown on the right.
Review of recent genome‐wide association scans in lupus (2009)

We review the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) human genetics literature, including the first wave of genome-wide associations scans (GWAS), to identify confirmed and candidate risk variants that meet stringent statistical criteria. The understanding of the genetic basis of SLE in humans has expanded dramatically over the past year, offering an early glimpse into the primary genetic factors and major dysregulated pathways. A meta-analysis of published candidate variants was performed incorporating data from a 1310 case and 7859 control GWAS. Our review of the literature and meta-analysis identifies a total of 17 well-validated common SLE risk variants, including four candidate variants that achieve our definition of a confirmed SLE risk locus. These variants account for a fraction of the total genetic contribution to SLE risk, with many risk loci remaining to be identified, but may provide insight into the pathways involved in SLE. Initial pathway analyses of the 17 confirmed SLE risk alleles indicate an important role for B-cell signalling and development, signaling through toll-like receptors 7 and 9, and neutrophil function.
Compact thermal imager: a flight demonstration of infrared technology for Earth observations (2022)

During 2019, an infrared camera, the compact thermal imager (CTI), recorded 15 million images of the Earth from the International Space Station. CTI is based on strained-layer superlattice (SLS) detector technology. The camera covered the spectral range from 3 to 11 µm in two spectral channels, 3.3-5.4 and 7.8-10.7 µm. Individual image frames were 26×21<i>k</i><i>m</i><sup>2</sup> projected on the ground, with 82 m pixel resolution. A frame time of 2.54 s created continuous image swaths with a 13% along-track image overlap. Upper limits determined on the ground and in flight for the electronic offset, read noise, and dark current demonstrated the stability of the SLS detector and camera over many months. Temperature calibration was established using a combination of preflight and in-flight measurements. A narrowband approximation of temperature as a function of photon counts produced an analytic relationship covering a temperature range of 0°-400°C. Examples of CTI images illustrate temperature retrievals over sea ice, urban and agricultural areas, desert, and wildfires.
Imaging 3D Sea Surfaces from 3D Dual-Sensor Towed Streamer Data (2013)

3D realistic sea surface imaging from 3D dual-sensor towed streamer data is presented. The technique is based on separating data acquired by collocated dual-sensors into up-going and down-going wavefields. Subsequently, these wavefields are extrapolated upwards in order to image the sea surface. This approach has previously been demonstrated using 2D data examples. Here, the focus is on 3D data. Controlled 3D data based on the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz algorithm is generated, and the 3D sea surface imaging technique is applied. For coarsely spaced streamers from 3D field data, the technique is applied streamerwise (i.e., 2D wavefield separation, extrapolation, and imaging). In the latter case, the resulting sea surface profiles corresponding to each time frame are interpolated to demonstrate that the main sea surface characteristics are preserved, and artefacts due to 2D processing of 3D data are mainly limited to areas corresponding to large angles of incidence. Time-varying sea surfaces from two different 3D field data are imaged. The data examples were acquired under different weather conditions. The imaged sea surfaces show realistic wave heights, and their spectra suggest plausible speeds and directions.