gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis with Single and Multiproduct Calibrations (1993)

Single‐product calibrations for near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers are normally developed for each type of material to achieve a high level of prediction accuracy. Developing multiproduct calibrations with thousands of samples was not practical with personal computers until recently. Advancements in software now make it possible to include thousands of samples into multiproduct calibrations. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a multiproduct calibration consisting of forage samples. Large single‐product files of hay and fresh forage, haylage, and small grain silage spectra were available for this study. Every sixth sample from each file was reserved to test calibration accuracy. Single‐product calibrations were developed for each product and a multiproduct calibration was developed for all four products. There was very little difference between the accuracy of the multiproduct calibration containing all samples and the single‐product calibrations. In a second study, a multiproduct calibration developed from 756 haylage and small grain silage samples was used to predict the quality of 100 hay samples. The prediction error was found to be unsatisfactory, so 50, 100, 166, and 500 hay samples were added to the multiproduct calibration file to see if the hay prediction errors could be improved. The expanded multiproduct calibration was more accurate than a custom single‐product hay calibration when <150 hay samples were available to develop a custom calibration or expand the multiproduct calibration. This suggests that if only a few samples are available, it may be more cost‐effective to expand a similar product library and recalibrate than to gather a large number of samples for a new calibration.
Body weight and composition in the Sprague Dawley rat: comparison of three outbred sources. (1996)

Body weight with age and final composition for water, fat, and protein, were measured in three outbred stocks derived from the Sprague Dawley rat. Three groups of 10 individually housed male rats from three outbred colonies (Crl:CD[SD]BR, Hsd:SD[SD], and Tac:N[SD]fBR) provided with standard rodent chow and water ad libitum were weighed weekly for 56 consecutive weeks. Rats in each group were born on the same day, and each group was born within a 4-day period. Significant group effects were found for upper weight limit, carcass weight, water, and fat content (P < 0.05). The Hsd:SD(SD) and Tac:N(SD) rats grew, in proportion to their upper weight limits, at a faster rate (P < 0.01) and contained a greater percentage of body protein (P < 0.05) than did heavier, reportedly shorter-lived Crl:CD(SD)BR rats.
Modular Assembly of Protein Building Blocks To Create Precisely Defined Megamolecules (2012)

Enzyme-promoted assembly: The construction of a hetero-bifunctional protein building block, HaloTag-cutinase, that reacts rapidly and selectively with a small-molecule linker is described. The step-wise combination of these building blocks generates a 300 kDa "megamolecule" with precisely defined domain orientation, connectivity, and composition.
Fabrication of superconducting nanowire single proton detectors (2005)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.
A New Structure for 6 Bit Distributed MEMS Transmission Line Phase Shifter in Ku Band (2018)

In this paper a new design for 6 bit DMTL phase shifter with only 32 MEMS switches is proposed. The reduction in number of switches in ordinary 6 bit phase shifter from 63 to 32 is due to combination of one 5.625 degree for least significant bit and 11.25 degree for the rest of the switches. Decreasing the number of the switches reduces the die-size as well as loss of the CPW line. Analytical study and simulation with HFSS and COMSOL software is carried out for the proposed structure. Maximum return loss of phase shifter is -10.5 dB and mean RMS phase error is 1.4o . Although two different structural switches are used  but the pull in voltages are identical. The total structure size is 1.5*18.5 mm2 , and surface micromachining process is proposed for the phase shifter.
Novel basic ionic liquids from cyclic guanidines and amidines – new catalysts for transesterification of oleochemicals (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND Alkylguanidinium and alkylamidinium hydroxides have been developed as new basic ionic liquids for the first time from cyclic guanidine ( TBD ) and amidines ( DBN , DBU ). The method of preparation of [bmim] OH decribed in the literature was adopted for the synthesis of new ionic liquids. Synthesis was carried out using cyclohexane as the solvent for the synthesis of alkylguanidine and alkylamidine bromides. Anion metathesis was carried out over anionic resins in water as solvent. The structures of the new ionic liquids were confirmed by spectral analysis. The catalytic activity of the new ionic liquids was tested in transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters with trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol and 2‐ethylhexyl alcohol. RESULTS The new ionic liquids have good thermal stability and can be applied for transesterification processes. The highest conversion of FAME (83%) was obtained for TMP ester of oleic acid and ionic liquid [ TBD ‐Bu] OH . CONCLUSION Among the ionic liquids derived from cyclic guanidine and amidine only ionic liquids obtained from TBD are good catalysts for transesterification of FAME and polyols. In comparision with [bmim] OH , catalytic activity of TBD ionic liquids was comparable in the synthesis of TMP ester but better in the synthesis of 2EH esters. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Large-scale search for genes on which positive selection may operate (1996)

There has been great controversy between neutralists and selectionists concerning what proportion of mutants contributed to gene evolution as advantageous mutants. Several studies have shown that there are some genes on which positive selection operates through comparison and statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences, but no one have been able to estimate the proportion of genes on which positive selection operates among all the genes available. One reason is that conducting such research involves a large amount of DNA sequence data and coordinated analysis in order to conduct large-scale searches for candidate genes making full use of sophisticated computers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of positive selection in the course of gene evolution. For the first attempt, I estimated the proportion of genes on which positive selection may operate utilizing a large-scale search. In PART I, I discuss the strategy and results of a large-scale search for genes on which positive selection may operate. In this study, a large-scale , search is defined as search for genes which can fulfill certain criteria by utilizing a large amount of DNA sequence data using the computers of high level processibility including a super computer. The search was performed using the following strategies: 1) alignment construction for the 3,595 groups of homologous sequences of non-partial coding sequences available in the DDBJ DNA Database Release 11; 2) comparison of numbers of synonymous and non synonymous substitutions. From the search, 17 homologous gene groups were obtained as candidate genes on which positive selection may operate. They constituted 0.47% of all the gene groups examined in the study. Interestingly enough, nine out of the 1 7 gene groups were for surface proteins of viruses and parasites. A window analysis of numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions was performed to locate possible within-gene regions subject to positive selection. The analysis indicated that a region where the number of nonsynonymous substitutions was larger than that of synonymous substitutions corresponded to a known antigenic epitope region. In PART II, an additional search was conducted to find genes which contained a region or a segment subject to positive selection. This search was performed because the nucleotide sites responsible for positive selection usually are not spread throughout the entire gene even when positive selection is operating. This was the cause of my inability to locate MHC genes in the search in PART I, because positive selection is shown to be operating only on the antigenic sites in MHC genes. In the new search shown in part II, 192 gene groups were obtained as candidate genes having within-gene regions where positive selection may operate. They constituted about five percent of all the genes examined.
Mechanism of Free-Radical Generation by Nitric Oxide Synthase (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Free-Radical Generation by Nitric Oxide SynthaseGerald M. Rosen, Pei Tsai, and Sovitj PouView Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and Center for Low-Frequency EPR Imaging for In Vivo Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21093 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 4, 1191–1200Publication Date (Web):February 16, 2002Publication History Received21 June 2001Published online16 February 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010187shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010187sresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1535Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Flavins,Oxidation,Oxides,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Comparing Population Means Under Local Differential Privacy: With Significance and Power (2018)

A statistical hypothesis test determines whether a hypothesis should be rejected based on samples from populations. In particular, randomized controlled experiments (or A/B testing) that compare population means using, e.g., t-tests, have been widely deployed in technology companies to aid in making data-driven decisions. Samples used in these tests are collected from users and may contain sensitive information. Both the data collection and the testing process may compromise individuals’ privacy. In this paper, we study how to conduct hypothesis tests to compare population means while preserving privacy. We use the notation of local differential privacy (LDP), which has recently emerged as the main tool to ensure each individual’s privacy without the need of a trusted data collector. We propose LDP tests that inject noise into every user’s data in the samples before collecting them (so users do not need to trust the data collector), and draw conclusions with bounded type-I (significance level) and type-II errors (1 - power). Our approaches can be extended to the scenario where some users require LDP while some are willing to provide exact data. We report experimental results on real-world datasets to verify the effectiveness of our approaches.
The role of VEGF<sub>165</sub>b in pathophysiology (2012)

Anti-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) 165b and pro-angiogenic VEGF 165 are generated from the same transcript, and their relative amounts are dependent on alternative splicing. The role of VEGF 165b has not been investigated in as much detail as VEGF 165, although it appears to be highly expressed in non-angiogenic tissues and, in contrast with VEGF 165, is downregulated in tumors and other pathologies associated with abnormal neovascularization such as diabetic retinopathy or Denys Drash syndrome. VEGF 165b inhibits VEGFR2 signaling by inducing differential phosphorylation, and it can be used to block angiogenesis in in vivo models of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis-related eye disease. Recent reports have identified three serine/arginine-rich proteins, SRSF1, SRSF2 and SRSF6, and studied their role in regulating terminal splice-site selection. Since the balance of VEGF isoforms is lost in cancer and angiogenesis-related conditions, control of VEGF splicing could also be used as a basis for therapy in these diseases.
Stoichiometry of Formation and Conductivity Response of Amorphous and Crystalline Complexes Formed Between Poly(ethylene oxide) and Ammonium Salts:  PEO  x  ·  NH 4 SCN  and  PEO  x  ·  NH 4 SO 3 CF 3 (1984)

Stoichiometries have been studied for the interaction between poly(ethylene oxide) and the ammonium salts and in the polymer to salt composition range 10:1 to 2:1. A single crystalline phase having the approximate composition was identified, and an approximate phase diagram was constructed. The system is more complex, and a phase diagram was not obtained; however, at least two compounds of 8:1 and 4:1 stoichiometry are indicated. Conductivity plots indicate that the metastable amorphous phase of the various materials has a conductivity approximately 103 Ω−1 cm−1 higher than that of the crystalline phase at room temperature. The ion rather than H+ is implicated as a charge carrier. We were not successful in determining transference numbers for anions and cations.
Ideal concentrators with gaps (2002)

Ideal concentrators with large gaps are presented. These new devices use optical elements surrounding the receiver. When their number is large, they (may) constitute a microstructure (many components with small sizes). Smaller gaps can also be achieved by use of a fewer number of optics. Different ways to combine these optical elements are presented for the case of larger and smaller gaps. Designs that use mirrors and total internal reflection are also presented for the case of larger gaps. The mathematical methods used to calculate the shape of the optics are outlined. In spite of the fact that the number of optics may be large, given the symmetries inherent to these designs, the elements in these microstructures are all equal. This is a simplifying feature that is important for their design and eventual production in the future.
Subword-based minimum verification error (SB-MVE) training for task independent utterance verification (2002)

We formulate a training framework and present a method for task independent utterance verification. Verification-specific HMMs are defined and discriminatively trained using minimum verification error training. Task independence is accomplished by performing the verification on the subword level and training the verification models using a general phonetically balanced database that is independent of the application tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms two other commonly used task independent utterance verification techniques. It is shown that the equal error rate of false alarms and false keyword rejection is reduced by more than 22% compared to the other two methods on a large vocabulary recognition task.
Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering in a T-CUP (Tissue Culture Under Perfusion) (2007)

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple and compact bioreactor system for perfusion cell seeding and culture through 3-dimensional porous scaffolds. The developed Tissue Culture Under Perfusion (T-CUP) bioreactor is based on the concept of controlled and confined alternating motion of scaffolds through a cell suspension or culture medium, as opposed to pumping of the fluid through the scaffolds. Via the T-CUP, articular chondrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells could be seeded into porous scaffolds of different compositions and architectures (chronOS, Hyaff-11, and Polyactive) at high efficiency (greater than 75%), uniformity (cells were well distributed throughout the scaffold pores), and viability (greater than 97%). Culture of articular chondrocytes seeded into 4-mm thick Polyactive scaffolds for 2 weeks in the T-CUP resulted in uniform deposition of cartilaginous matrix. Cultivation of freshly isolated human bone marrow nucleated cells seeded into ENGipore ceramic scaffolds for 19 days in the T-CUP resulted in stromal cell-populated constructs capable of inducing ectopic bone formation in nude mice. The T-CUP bioreactor represents an innovative approach to simple, efficient, and reliable 3D cell culture, and could be used either as a model to investigate mechanisms of tissue development or as a graft manufacturing system in the context of regenerative medicine.
Management of Vaginal Atrophy: Implications from the REVIVE Survey (2014)

Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic and progressive medical condition common in postmenopausal women. Symptoms of VVA such as dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, irritation, and itching can negatively impact sexual function and quality of life. The REVIVE (REal Women's VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey assessed knowledge about VVA and recorded attitudes about interactions with healthcare providers (HCPs) and available treatment options for VVA. The REVIVE survey identified unmet needs of women with VVA symptoms such as poor understanding of the condition, poor communication with HCPs despite the presence of vaginal symptoms, and concerns about the safety, convenience, and efficacy of available VVA treatments. HCPs can address these unmet needs by proactively identifying patients with VVA and educating them about the condition as well as discussing treatment preferences and available therapies for VVA.
Memory impairment and depression in patients with Lyme encephalopathy (1992)

Lyme encephalopathy, primarily manifested by disturbances in memory, mood, and sleep, is a common late neurologic manifestation of Lyme disease. We compared 20 patients with Lyme encephalopathy with 11 fibromyalgia patients and 11 nonpsychotically depressed patients using the California Verbal Learning Test, Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and Beck Depression Inventory. Compared with patients with fibromyalgia or depression, the Lyme encephalopathy group showed mild, but statistically significant, memory deficits on two of the three memory tests. In contrast, the patients with fibromyalgia scored significantly higher than both other groups on the MMPI scale most sensitive to somatic concerns (scale 1), while the depressed patients scored higher than the Lyme patients on the scales most sensitive to depression (scale 2) and anxiety (scale 7). Physical complaints and depression were not major factors in memory performance among Lyme patients. These data support the hypothesis that Lyme encephalopathy is caused by CNS dysfunction and cannot be explained as a psychological response to chronic illness.
Inhibition of the membrane fusion machinery prevents exit from the TGN and proteolytic processing by furin (2001)

The Semliki Forest virus (SFV) glycoprotein precursor p62 is processed to the E2 and E3 during the transport from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface. We have studied the regulation of the membrane fusion machinery (Rab/N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-sensitive fusion protein (NSF)/soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP)-SNAP receptor) in this processing. Activation of the disassembly of this complex with recombinant NSF stimulated the cleavage of p62 in permeabilized cells. Inactivation of NSF with a mutant alpha-SNAP(L294A) or NEM treatment inhibited processing of p62. Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor inhibited the cleavage. Inactivation of NSF blocks the transport of SFV glycoproteins and vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein from the TGN membranes to the cell surface. The results support the conclusion that inhibition of membrane fusion arrests p62 in the TGN and prevents its processing by furin.
Molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale thermal conduction and vibrational cooling in a crystalline naphthalene cluster (1991)

A molecular dynamics simulation of crystalline naphthalene is used to study nanometer scale thermal transport in solids. One molecule in a cluster of 75 is heated to a large initial temperature and then allowed to cool. Stochastic boundary conditions which preserve the time averaged volume of the cluster are used. The excess translational and librational energy of the hot molecule is lost within 1 ps. The excess vibrational energy is lost on the 100 ps time scale. Translational and librational energy propagates rapidly throughout the cluster at velocities which are comparable to the speed of sound. Despite the far slower rate of vibrational energy loss from the hot molecule, the growth of vibrational energy occurs uniformly on the other molecules in the cluster. Therefore intermolecular vibrational energy transfer occurs primarily via an indirect mechanism. Vibrational excitations are first converted into translational and librational excitations, which propagate throughout the cluster and then excite vibrations on distant molecules via multiphonon up pumping. Examination of the molecular neighbors shows that intermolecular transfer of mechanical energy can be anisotropic, since the hot molecule can only transfer energy where it contacts atoms on adjacent molecules. Energy transfer along the b- and c-crystallographic axes is more efficient than along the a axis. The most efficient energy transfer is in the direction of two of the four nearest neighbors. Transient hot spots are produced on these neighboring molecules. The implications of this anisotropic conduction for the propagation of thermal reactions, e.g., the decomposition of high explosives, are discussed briefly.