gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Work for a Pulsed Detonation Engine Demonstrator (2006)

§** †† ‡‡ , Due to its thermodynamic cycle, a detonation wave engine has theoretically a higher performance than other classical propulsion concept using the combustion process. Nevertheless, it still has to be proved that this advantage is not compensated by the difficulties which could be encountered to practically define a real engine and to implement it in an operational flying system. For military application, and for Europe, it seems that the application to an aircraft can not be considered in the near or middle term future. On the contrary, the airbreathing detonation wave engine could be very attractive for low cost missiles and UAV. Indeed, for these applications, a detonation wave engine with simplified technology could provide an economic alternative to the turbo-engine, particularly in the field of very small caliber turbo-engine. During past years, MBDAFrance and DSO (Singapore) started a common effort on pulse detonation engines, focusing on air-breathing application and engine operation, the final objective being the realization and testing of a complete engine demonstrator. This paper will focus on two key points regarding air-breathing PDE, the inlet integration and the ignition of the main chamber.
Preparation of Nanotubular PDMS/PVC Molds for Reduced Catheter Inflammation and Infection (2013)

Inflammation and infection of catheters (and polymeric medical devices in general) is a significant problem. Previous studies have demonstrated that metals with nanotubular surface features can decrease both inflammatory and bacteria functions. With this in mind, this study aimed to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) molds out of anodized titanium (Ti) in order to transfer this novel antibacterial surface roughness to polymers. In addition, such polymers were further tested for inflammatory and bacteria responses.
Synthesis and Application of Phosphinoferrocenylaminophosphine Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis (2005)

A new class of bidentate ligands utilizing a phosphine-aminophosphine structure has been prepared on a ferrocenylethyl backbone in a straightforward and scalable fashion from acetylferrocene. The unique property of the alpha-ferrocenyl carbonium ion that allows the replacement of a variety of "leaving groups" with retention of configuration greatly facilitates the synthesis, and a number of ligands have been prepared by varying the nitrogen and phosphorus substituents on the aminophosphine. These readily prepared phosphinoferrocenylaminophosphines, known as BoPhoz ligands, show surprising hydrolytic and air stability, with no degradation after 3 years open to the air. The rhodium complexes of these ligands show exceedingly high enantioselectivities (generally >95% ee) and activities often in excess of 50,000 catalyst turnovers per hour for the asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide variety of dehydro-alpha-amino acid and itaconic acid derivatives. They also show high activity and good to excellent enantioselectivity for the hydrogenation of a number of alpha-ketoesters.
Corrected and Republished from: Identification of Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Constructs with Synergistic Staphylolytic Activity in Cow's Milk (2017)

Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) have been suggested as novel therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis. However, activity in the presence of cow's milk is an important requirement for drugs administered into the bovine udder. We have used a microtiter plate-based protocol to screen a library of >170 recombinant PGHs, including engineered bacteriophage endolysins, for enzymes with activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in milk. Eight suitable PGH constructs were identified by this approach, and their efficacies against <i>S. aureus</i> in heat-treated milk were compared by time-kill assays. The two most active enzymes (lysostaphin and CHAPK_CWT-LST) reduced <i>S. aureus</i> numbers in milk to undetectable levels within minutes at nanomolar concentrations. Due to their different peptidoglycan cleavage sites, these PGH constructs revealed synergistic activity, as demonstrated by checkerboard assays, spot assays, and time-kill experiments. Furthermore, they proved active against a selection of staphylococcal mastitis isolates from different geographical regions when applied individually or in synergistic combination. The PGH combination completely eradicated <i>S. aureus</i> from milk: no more bacteria were detected within 24 h after the addition of the enzymes, corresponding to a reduction of >9 log units from the level in the control. Efficacy was also retained at different inoculum levels (3 log versus 6 log CFU/ml) and when <i>S. aureus</i> was grown in milk as opposed to broth prior to the experiments. In raw cow's milk, CHAPK_CWT-LST showed reduced efficacy, whereas lysostaphin retained its activity, reducing bacterial numbers by >3.5 log units within 3 h.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Staphylococci, and <i>S. aureus</i> in particular, are a major cause of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows that is associated with high costs and risks for consumers of milk products. <i>S. aureus</i>-induced mastitis, commonly treated by intramammary infusion of antibiotics, is characterized by low cure rates and increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Therefore, alternative treatment options are highly desirable. PGHs, including bacteriophage endolysins, rapidly and specifically kill selected pathogens by degrading their cell walls and are refractory to resistance development; thus, they have promise as novel antibacterial agents. This study employed a screening approach to identify PGH constructs with high staphylolytic activity in cow's milk among a large collection of enzymes. Our results suggest that the most promising enzymes identified by this strategy hold potential as novel mastitis therapeutics and thus support their further characterization in animal models.
Silicon buried gratings for dielectric laser electron accelerators (2014)

This paper describes design and simulations of dielectric laser electron accelerators that achieve Gigavolt-per-meter (GV/m) accelerating gradients and wide electron channels (&gt;1 μm). The accelerator design is based on a silicon buried grating structure that enables flexible phase synchronization, large electron channel fields, and low standing-wave ratio in the material. This design increases the accelerating gradients to more than double those of reported quartz grating accelerators, thereby reducing the input laser fluence by 60% for the same accelerating gradient. With a 100 fs pulsed laser, our silicon buried gratings can achieve a maximum gradient of 1.1 GV/m, indicating that these accelerators have potential for numerous electron-accelerator applications.
Intelligent dispatch of Electric Vehicles performing vehicle-to-grid regulation (2012)

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to provide valuable services to the utility grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G). In order to take full advantage of V2G services aggregators are required to schedule and dispatch large groups of EVs in accordance to market rules. While there has been many studies looking at aggregator scheduling algorithms, there has been little work on algorithms for the actual dispatch. A commonly assumed method of incremental dispatch faces challenges of more expensive charging station costs and high communications overhead. In this work a dispatch algorithm for EVs performing unidirectional regulation is developed. This algorithm switches EV charging stations on and off using remote switches to meet the system regulation signal. The decisions on which EV to switch is made using charging priorities. This dispatch algorithm allows for less expensive infrastructure and a significant reduction in the required communications signals. Simulations on a group of 1000 EVs in the ERCOT system over a 24 hour period verify the performance of this dispatch algorithm against incremental dispatch algorithms.
Optical waveguides with embedded air-gap cladding integrated within a sea-of-leads (SoL) wafer-level package (2003)

Optical waveguides are integrated into a Sea-of-Leads (SoL) wafer-level package. A photosensitive polycarbonate composite is incorporated to provide a buried air-gap cladding that allows a refractive index contrast, /spl Delta/n, between waveguide core and cladding regions of /spl Delta/n = 0.52. The final package contains 1000 electrical input/output (I/O) interconnects and 32 large-area optical waveguides for electrical chip-to-chip and optical intra-chip clock or data interconnection, respectively. Monolithic fabrication of passive optical interconnect components is described.
Ultra-low noise HEMTs for deep cryogenic low-frequency and high-impedance readout electronics (2014)

In order to fill the gap of low-temperature and low-frequency noise field-effect transistors and to meet the needs in various experiments under deep cryogenic conditions, specially designed HEMTs with different gate capacitances have been fabricated and characterized at 4.2 and 77 K. At 4.2 K and with an appropriate gate capacitances, the obtained lowest input noise voltage at 1 Hz is 6 nV/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> ; the lowest input noise current at 1 Hz is about 3 aA/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> ; their white noise voltage is about 0.2 nV/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> ; and for switch applications, the channel resistance can be varied from about 10 Ω to more than 10 GO with a gate leakage current lower than 1 pA.
Multiple scattering lidar (1990)

We report on lidar backscatter measurements made at four fields of view simultaneously. The results indicate clearly that multiple scattering is measurable and can yield pertinent additional data on the aerosol properties.
Flawless diamond separation in simultaneous source acquisition by seismic apparition (2017)

Abstract In this paper we prove that the recently introduced method of signal apparition optimally separates signals from interfering sources recorded during simultaneous source seismic data acquisition. By utilizing a periodic sequence of source signatures along one source line, that wavefield becomes separately partially visible in the spectral domain where it can be isolated from interfering signals, processed, and subtracted from the original recordings, thereby separating the wavefields from each other. Whereas other methods for simultaneous source separation can recover data in a triangle-shaped region in the spectral domain, signal apparition allows for the exact separation of data in a diamond-shaped region that is twice as large thereby enabling superior reconstruction of separated wavefields throughout the entire data bandwidth.
In Situ Visualization and Characterization of Aerosol Droplets in an Inductively Coupled Plasma (2005)

Laser-scattering techniques are utilized for the first time to visualize the aerosol droplets in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch from the nebulizer tip to the site of analytical measurements. The resulting images provide key information about the spatial distribution of the aerosol introduced by direct injection and conventional sample introduction devices: (1) a direct injection high-efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN); (2) a large-bore DIHEN; and (3) a MicroFlow PFA nebulizer with a PFA Scott-type spray chamber. Moreover, particle image velocimetry is used to study the in situ behavior of the aerosol before interaction with the plasma, while the individual surviving droplets are explored by particle tracking velocimetry. Directly introduced aerosols are highly scattered across the plasma torch as a result of their radial motion, indicating less than optimum sample consumption efficiency for the current direct injection devices. Further, the velocity distribution of the surviving droplets demonstrates the importance of the initial droplet velocities in complete desolvation of the aerosol for optimum analytical performance in ICP spectrometries. These new observations are critical in the design of the next-generation direct injection devices for lower sample consumption, higher sensitivity, lower noise levels, suppressed matrix effects, and developing smart spectrometers.
Design, Realization, and Evaluation of DozyAP for Power-Efficient Wi-Fi Tethering (2013)

Wi-Fi tethering (i.e., sharing the Internet connection of a mobile phone via its Wi-Fi interface) is a useful functionality and is widely supported on commercial smartphones. Yet, existing Wi-Fi tethering schemes consume excessive power: they keep the Wi-Fi interface in a high power state regardless if there is ongoing traffic or not. In this paper, we propose DozyAP to improve the power efficiency of Wi-Fi tethering. Based on measurements in typical applications, we identify many opportunities that a tethering phone could sleep to save power. We design a simple yet reliable sleep protocol to coordinate the sleep schedule of the tethering phone with its clients without requiring tight time synchronization. Furthermore, we develop a two-stage, sleep interval adaptation algorithm to automatically adapt the sleep intervals to ongoing traffic patterns of various applications. DozyAP does not require any changes to the 802.11 protocol and is incrementally deployable through software updates. We have implemented DozyAP on commercial smartphones. Experimental results show that, while retaining comparable user experiences, our implementation can allow the Wi-Fi interface to sleep for up to 88% of the total time in several different applications and reduce the system power consumption by up to 33% under the restricted programmability of current Wi-Fi hardware.
Construction of four double gene substitution human × bovine rotavirus reassortant vaccine candidates: Each bears two outer capsid human rotavirus genes, one encoding P serotype 1A and the other encoding G serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4 specificity (1997)

Previously, four human x bovine rotavirus reassortant candidate vaccines, each of which derived ten genes from bovine rotavirus UK strain and only the outer capsid protein VP7-gene from human rotavirus strain D (G serotype 1), DS-1 (G serotype 2), P (G serotype 3), or ST3 (G serotype 4), were developed [Midthun et al., (1985): Journal of Virology 53:949-954; (1986): Journal of Clinical Microbiology 24:822-826]. Such human x bovine reassortant vaccines should theoretically provide antigenic coverage for the four epidemiologically most important VP7(G) serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. In an attempt to increase the antigenicity of VP7-based human x animal reassortant rotavirus vaccines which derive a single VP7-encoding gene from the human strain and the remaining ten genes from the animal strain, we generated double gene substitution reassortants. This was done by incorporating another protective antigen (VP4) of an epidemiologically important human rotavirus by crossing human rotavirus Wa strain (P serotype 1A), with each of the human x bovine single VP7-gene substitution rotavirus reassortants. In this way four separate double gene substitution rotavirus reassortants were generated. Each of these reassortants bears the VP4-encoding gene from human rotavirus Wa strain, the VP7-encoding gene from human rotavirus strain D, DS-1, P, or ST3, and the remaining nine genes from bovine rotavirus strain UK. The safety, antigenicity, and protective efficacy of individual components as well as combinations of strains are currently under evaluation.
A simple technique for the measurement of surface and interfacial tension (1983)

Surface tension of a single liquid or interfacial tension between two liquids can be measured by permitting the denser liquid to drain from a reservoir through a vertical tube of diameter about 8 mm which acts as a siphon. As the drainage rate decreases, the meniscus at the base of the drainage tube becomes unstable and thus the siphon effect ceases. The minimum level of liquid in the reservoir during this incomplete drainage process provides an indication of the surface or interfacial tension of the draining liquid. This concept has been tested for sixteen liquids in air and for four liquid-liquid systems.
Properties and purification of a glucose-inducible human fatty acid synthase mRNA-binding protein (1998)

Glucose stabilizes the mRNA for human fatty acid synthase (FAS), an enzyme relevant to diverse human disorders, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, and malignancy. To determine the underlying mechanisms, RNA gel mobility shift assays were used to demonstrate that human Hep G2 cells contain a cytoplasmic factor that binds specifically to the 3'-terminus of the human FAS mRNA. D-Glucose increased RNA-binding activity by 2.02-fold (P = 0.0033), with activity peaking 3 h after glucose feeding. Boiling or treatment of extracts with proteinase K abolished binding. Ultraviolet cross-linking of the FAS mRNA-binding factor followed by SDS-PAGE resolved a proteinase K-sensitive band with an apparent molecular mass of 178 +/- 7 kDa. The protein was purified to homogeneity using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels as an affinity matrix. Acid phosphatase treatment of the protein prevented binding to the FAS mRNA, but binding activity was unaffected by modification of sulfhydryl groups and was not Mg2+ or Ca2+ dependent. Deletion and RNase T1 mapping localized the binding site of the protein to 37 nucleotides characterized by the repetitive motif ACCCC and found within the first 65 bases of the 3'-UTR. Hybridization of the FAS transcript with an oligonucleotide antisense to this sequence abolished binding. These findings indicate that a 178-kDa glucose-inducible phosphoprotein binds to an (ACCCC)n-containing sequence in the 3'-UTR of the FAS mRNA within the same time frame that glucose stabilizes the FAS message. This protein may participate in the posttranscriptional control of FAS gene expression.
RealityCheck (2019)

Today's virtual reality (VR) systems offer chaperone rendering techniques that prevent the user from colliding with physical objects. Without a detailed geometric model of the physical world, these techniques offer limited possibility for more advanced compositing between the real world and the virtual. We explore this using a realtime 3D reconstruction of the real world that can be combined with a virtual environment. RealityCheck allows users to freely move, manipulate, observe, and communicate with people and objects situated in their physical space without losing the sense of immersion or presence inside their virtual world. We demonstrate RealityCheck with seven existing VR titles, and describe compositing approaches that address the potential conflicts when rendering the real world and a virtual environment together. A study with frequent VR users demonstrate the affordances provided by our system and how it can be used to enhance current VR experiences.
Shader-driven compilation of rendering assets (2002)

Rendering performance of consumer graphics hardware benefits from pre-processing geometric data into a form targeted to the underlying API and hardware. The various elements of geometric data are then coupled with a shading program at runtime to draw the asset.In this paper we describe a system in which pre-processing is done in a compilation process in which the geometric data are processed with knowledge of their shading programs. The data are converted into structures targeted directly to the hardware, and a code stream is assembled that describes the manipulations required to render these data structures. Our compiler is structured like a traditional code compiler, with a front end that reads the geometric data and attributes (hereafter referred to as an art asset) output from a 3D modeling package and shaders in a platform independent form and performs platform-independent optimizations, and a back end that performs platform-specific optimizations and generates platform-targeted data structures and code streams.Our compiler back-end has been targeted to four platforms, three of which are radically different from one another. On all platforms the rendering performance of our compiled assets, used in real situations, is well above that of hand-coded assets.
Image-based Co-Registration of Angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound Images (2013)

In image-guided cardiac interventions, X-ray imaging and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging are two often used modalities. Interventional X-ray images, including angiography and fluoroscopy, are used to assess the lumen of the coronary arteries and to monitor devices in real time. IVUS provides rich intravascular information, such as vessel wall composition, plaque, and stent expansions, but lacks spatial orientations. Since the two imaging modalities are complementary to each other, it is highly desirable to co-register the two modalities to provide a comprehensive picture of the coronaries for interventional cardiologists. In this paper, we present a solution for co-registering 2-D angiography and IVUS through image-based device tracking. The presented framework includes learning-based vessel detection and device detections, model-based tracking, and geodesic distance-based registration. The system first interactively detects the coronary branch under investigation in a reference angiography image. During the pullback of the IVUS transducers, the system acquires both ECG-triggered fluoroscopy and IVUS images, and automatically tracks the position of the medical devices in fluoroscopy. The localization of tracked IVUS transducers and guiding catheter tips is used to associate an IVUS imaging plane to a corresponding location on the vessel branch under investigation. The presented image-based solution can be conveniently integrated into existing cardiology workflow. The system is validated with a set of clinical cases, and achieves good accuracy and robustness.
Toward Understanding How the Lactone Moiety of Discodermolide Affects Activity (2005)

A series of simplified discodermolide analogues have been designed and synthesized in an attempt to understand the role of the lactone ring. These synthetic efforts have led to an unsubstituted butyrolactone 9 being generated, which shows improved activity over the natural product.
Microgroove and Collagen-poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofiber Mesh Coating Improves the Mechanical Stability and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants (2017)

The effect of depositing a collagen (CG)-poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh (NFM) at the microgrooves of titanium (Ti) on the mechanical stability and osseointegration of the implant with bone was investigated using a rabbit model. Three groups of Ti samples were produced: control Ti samples where there were no microgrooves or CG-PCL NFM, groove Ti samples where microgrooves were machined on the circumference of Ti, and groove-NFM Ti samples where CG-PCL NFM was deposited on the machined microgrooves. Each group of Ti samples was implanted in the rabbit femurs for eight weeks. The mechanical stability of the Ti/bone samples were quantified by shear strength from a pullout tension test. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by a histomorphometric analysis of the percentage of bone and connective tissue contact with the implant surface. The bone density around the Ti was measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis. This study found that the shear strength of groove-NFM Ti/bone samples was significantly higher compared to control and groove Ti/bone samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and NFM coating influenced the bone density around Ti samples. In vivo histomorphometric analyses show that bone growth into the Ti surface increased by filling the microgrooves with CG-PCL NFM. The study concludes that a microgroove assisted CG-PCL NFM coating may benefit orthopedic implants.