gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A functional system for high-content screening of neuromuscular junctions <i>in vitro</i> (2013)

High-content phenotypic screening systems are the logical extension of the current efficient, yet low information content, pre-clinical screens for drug discovery. A physiologically accurate <i>in vitro</i> neuromuscular junction (NMJ) screening system would therefore be of tremendous benefit to the study of peripheral neuropathies as well as for basic and applied neuromuscular research. To date, no fully-defined, selective assay system has been developed which would allow investigators to determine the functional output of cultured muscle fibers (myotubes) when stimulated via the NMJ in real time for both acute and chronic applications. Here we present the development of such a phenotypic screening model, along with evidence of NMJ formation and motoneuron initiated neuromuscular transmission in an automated system. Myotubes assembled on silicon cantilevers allowed for measurement of substrate deflection in response to contraction and provided the basis for monitoring the effect of controlled motoneuron stimulation on the contractile behavior. The effect was blocked by treatment with D-tubocurarine, confirming NMJ functionality in this highly multiplexed assay system.
Synthesis of chlorinated isocoumarin derivatives (1982)

Syntheses of 5-chloro-, 7-chloro-, and 5,7-dichloro-Isocoumarin derivatives, including the fungal metabolites 5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (3), 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (2), and 5,7-dichloro-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (1), are described. This is the first total synthesis of compounds (1) and (2) to be reported. The synthetic route involves carboxylation of chlorinated 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzoic acids, yielding homophthalic acids. The corresponding homophthalic anhydrides were acetylated and decarboxylated to produce isocoumarins. The naturally occurring 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin (7) has been synthesised for the first time.
Three-prism loss measurements of optical waveguides (1980)

A new nondestructive method for measuring losses of an optical waveguide is presented. It uses three prisms, which enables the results to be independent of coupling efficiencies in and out of the guide. It requires only small strains on the guide and may be useful for fragile materials.
Spontaneous Formation of Highly Concentrated Water-in-Oil Emulsions (Gel-Emulsions) (1996)

Water-in-Oil-type gel-emulsions (or highly concentrated emulsions) are spontaneously formed from oil-swollen micellar solutions or oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions in a water/tetraoxyethylene dodecyl ether/oil system with an abrupt increase in temperature. The phase change occurs from water-continuous microemulsion to water-in-oil (W/O) gel-emulsion via a lamellar liquid crystal and a bicontinuous surfactant phase (L3 phase). Hence, the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant layer is continuously changed with temperature change because the gel-emulsion consists of a reverse micellar solution and an excess water phase. In a narrow temperature range above the single L3-phase region, there is a two-phase region consisting of L3 and an excess water phase (W) in which emulsions are extremely unstable. The electroconductivity curve as a function of temperature monotonically decreases with increasing temperature when the final temperature is high and the temperature change is fast. If the temperature change is very slow, the electroconductivity has a maximum at the temperature where the L3 + W region is found because excess water is separated. In this case, the water droplet size in the final concentrated emulsion is very large. Therefore, it is important to change the temperature quickly to form fine gel-emulsions.
Potential Immunoregulatory and Antiviral/SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Nitric Oxide (2020)

Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla. Our brief critical discussion is focused on the multiple roles of the NO signaling pathways in the maintenance of basal physiological states of readiness in diverse cell types mediating innate immunological functions and in the facilitation of proinflammatory-mediated adaptive immunological responses associated with viral infections. Prior studies have reinforced the critical importance of constitutive NO signaling pathways in the homeostatic maintenance of the vascular endothelium, and state-dependent changes in innate immunological responses have been associated with a functional override of NO-mediated inhibitory tone. Accordingly, convergent lines of evidence suggest that dysregulation of NO signaling pathways, as well as canonical oxidative effects of inducible NO, may provide a permissive cellular environment for viral entry and replication. In immunologically compromised individuals, functional override and chronic rundown of inhibitory NO signaling systems promote aberrant expression of unregulated proinflammatory pathways resulting in widespread metabolic insufficiencies and structural damage to autonomous cellular and organ structures. We contend that restoration of normative NO tone via combined pharmaceutical, dietary, or complex behavioral interventions may partially reverse deleterious physiological conditions brought about by viral infection linked to unregulated adaptive immune responses.
Glas : Konstruktion und Technologie in der Architektur = Glass : structure and technology in architecture (1999)

Glass in architecture glass industry floatglass production functional and special glass shaping glass glass, light and energy sustainability of glass glass facades innovative facade systems multilayer glass facades solar energy facades high-performance structures structural use of glass structural glass engineering structural experiments with glass research and development self-supporting glass domes glass tensegrity sculptures glass tubes, honeycomb materials and systems point fixtures for glass daylight systems insulation active solar systems. (Part contents)
Optimization‐based workload distribution in geographically distributed data centers: A survey (2020)

Summary Energy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data centers. These data centers consume significantly high energy and cast a negative impact on the energy resources and environment. To minimize the energy cost and the environmental impacts, Internet service providers use different approaches such as geographical load balancing ( G L B ). GLB refers to the placement of data centers in diverse geolocations to exploit variations in electricity prices with the objective to minimize the total energy cost. GLB helps to minimize the overall energy cost, achieve quality of service, and maximize resource utilization in geo‐distributed data centers by employing optimal workload distribution and resource utilization in the real time. In this paper, we summarize various optimization‐based workload distribution strategies and optimization techniques proposed in recent research works based on commonly used optimization factors such as workload type, load balancer, availability of renewable energy, energy storage, and data center server specification in geographically distributed data centers. The survey presents a systemized and a novel taxonomy of workload distribution in data centers. Moreover, we also debate various challenges and open research issues along with their possible solutions.
Trombosis portal y mesentérica asociada al déficit de la proteína S (2008)

PT usually manifests without specific symptoms. The most common presentation is upper gastrointestinal bleeding, as occurred in our patient. Liver cirrhosis is one of the most frequent cause of PT. Up to 65% of these patients present an associated prothrombotic state, including protein S deficiency. Our case reminds us of the importance of a systematic search for hipercoagulability syndromes in patients with TP, even when the etiology can be conferred to liver cirrhosis.
Networking in Everyday Life (2009)

Contemporary networking in Canada, like most of the developed world, involves significant use of media to maintain relationships. This is not the use of media for faraway alters where in person contact is difficult, but media use within the very fabric of everyday life alongside in person contact. Past debates about the effects of new media have frequently focused on a medium's potential for social isolation. These debates have resulted in ambiguous, muted or contradictory findings. So instead of suggesting another response to the issue of social isolation, this thesis reorients the focus towards a different question: under what conditions are alters accessible and how does multiple media use affect this accessibility? Rather than suggest that new media simply offer "more" social accessibility, I contend that they complicate social accessibility by offering individuals increasingly differentiated ways to habitually maintain contact with each other. The result of this differentiation is that while individuals might be able to maintain contact with more alters (or at least just as many) in the abstract sense, they end up maintaining contact with the most accessible alters rather than alters with whom one has the strongest ties. This is the conundrum of multiple media use: how is it that each individual medium offers increased convenience but the sum total of media use makes life less convenient, more planned and more complicated? I suggest it is because media use cuts across longstanding social norms of public and private spaces (or public and private time) without offering a coherent normative framework as a substitute. Instead, individuals are differentially accessible via each medium. Moreover, this accessibility is related more to emergent personal habits than to tie strength. Data for this study comes from 350 random-sample surveys and 86 follow-up social network-oriented interviews in East York, a former borough on the east side of downtown Toronto, Canada. The data were collected in 2005, before the widespread adoption of social networking software, but after the widespread adoption of cellular telephones, instant messaging services and email.
Biological and Clinical Aspects of Lanthanide Coordination Compounds (2004)

The coordinating chemistry of lanthanides, relevant to the biological, biochemical and medical aspects, makes a significant contribution to understanding the basis of application of lanthanides, particularly in biological and medical systems. The importance of the applications of lanthanides, as an excellent diagnostic and prognostic probe in clinical diagnostics, and an anticancer material, is remarkably increasing. Lanthanide complexes based X-ray contrast imaging and lanthanide chelates based contrast enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being excessively used in radiological analysis in our body systems. The most important property of the chelating agents, in lanthanide chelate complex, is its ability to alter the behaviour of lanthanide ion with which it binds in biological systems, and the chelation markedly modifies the biodistribution and excretion profile of the lanthanide ions. The chelating agents, especially aminopoly carboxylic acids, being hydrophilic, increase the proportion of their complex excreted from complexed lanthanide ion form biological systems. Lanthanide polyamino carboxylate-chelate complexes are used as contrast enhancing agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conjugation of antibodies and other tissue specific molecules to lanthanide chelates has led to a new type of specific MRI contrast agents and their conjugated MRI contrast agents with improved relaxivity, functioning in the body similar to drugs. Many specific features of contrast agent assisted MRI make it particularly effective for musculoskeletal and cerebrospinal imaging. Lanthanide-chelate contrast agents are effectively used in clinical diagnostic investigations involving cerebrospinal diseases and in evaluation of central nervous system. Chelated lanthanide complexes shift reagent aided (23)Na NMR spectroscopic analysis is used in cellular, tissue and whole organ systems.
A novel gene, <i>NMES1,</i> downregulated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2002)

To isolate genes with different expression levels in human esophageal SCC, SSH and reverse Northern were performed between cancer tissue and its normal counterpart. Among the differentially expressed genes identified, we report here cDNA corresponding to a 0.88 kb mRNA (NMES1), whose expression was observed in all 36 adjacent normal esophageal mucosae, while 31 (86%) matched cancer tissues showed a marked reduction or complete lack of its expression. Sequence analysis of its full-length cDNA revealed a gene encoding a predicted polypeptide of 9 kDa. Northern blot showed that NMES1 was distributed mainly in the alimentary tract. The gene was mapped to 15q21.1 by screening the GenBridge 4 RH panel. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of NMES1 in esophageal SCC at the protein level and showed that it is a nuclear protein. In situ hybridization revealed its different expression during mouse embryonic development, especially in bone, brain, stomach and intestine. The negative correlation of NMES1 expression with esophageal oncogenesis suggests its suppressive role in tumorigenesis of the esophagus, while the precise function of NMES1 still needs further investigation.
RHODIUM CATALYZED REDUCTION OF ARYL IODIDES WITH A MODEL OF NAD(P)H (1984)

Abstract Aryl iodides are reduced to the corresponding arenes with a model of NAD(P)H, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihidronicotinamide (BNAH), in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodium complex. Nitro, carbonyl, and ester functions are inert under the condition.
In-Plane-Gate GaN Transistors for High-Power RF Applications (2017)

In-plane-gatefield-effecttransistors(IPGFETs) offer an innovative device architecture in which the channel conductivity is modulated by the electric field from the 2D electron gas in the two adjacent in-plane gates, isolated by etched trenches. The planar nature of the gate electrode yields a huge reduction in parasitic gate capacitance, which can lead to much higher frequency. Moreover,the fabrication process for these devices is extremely simple and with inherently self-aligned gates. Here, we combine for the first time the promising architecture of IPGFETs with the exceptional properties of III-Nitrides, such as large carrier density and breakdown field, to reveal their enormous potential for high-power RF devices. AlGaN/GaN IPGFETs demonstrated large drain current up to 1.4 A/mm and transconductance up to 665 mS/mm, which are, respectively, nine time- sand five times-larger than the best IPGFETs demonstrated in other semiconductors. These devices presented excellent gate control with ON-OFF ratio up to 107 along with ultra-low capacitances down to 0.7 aF, leading to an estimated f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> up to 0.89 THz. Extremely large breakdown voltage of 500 V was observed despite their nanoscale dimensions, with small leakage current below 1 nA up to 300 V. These results reveal that III-Nitride IPGFETs offer a promising pathway for future terahertz devices delivering large output powers.
Integrating XML and object-based programming for distributed collaboration (2002)

Explores some of the new opportunities for distributed collaborative applications that emerge from the use of XML as a data specification language. We present two different approaches: the first one transparently adds asynchronous collaboration to applications whose persistent state is in XML format, while the second one helps build synchronous collaborative applications starting with an XML schema specification. Although the two approaches start with different assumptions, they both lead to the same problem - the need for a generic one-to-one conversion between objects and XML constructs. Using object properties, we define two variants of a conversion scheme for the two approaches.
Robust Vision-Based Registration Utilizing Bird's-Eye View with User's View (2003)

This paper describes new vision-based registration methods utilizing not only cameras on a user's head-mounted display but also a bird's-eye view camera that observes the user from an objective viewpoint. Two new methods, the line constraint method (LCM) and global error minimization method (GEM), are proposed. The former method reduces the number of unknown parameters concerning the user's viewpoint by restricting it to be on the line of sight from the bird's-eye view. The other method minimizes the sum of errors, which is the sum of the distance between the fiducials on the view and the calculated positions of them based on the current viewing parameters, for both the user's view and the bird's-eye view. The methods proposed here reduce the number of points that should be observed from the user's viewpoint for registration, thus improving the stability. In addition to theoretical discussions, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of our methods by experiments in comparison with methods that use only a user's view camera or a bird's-eye view camera.
Prediction oriented analysis of optimal replacement (2013)

The optimization of memory latency is always an important bottleneck to improving the performance of computer systems. The memory system, especially the last-level cache (LLC) as the important method to solve the “Memory Wall” problem, its management has become a key factors of influencing the performance of processor. And prefetching technology can improve the overall performance of the system by reducing pipeline stalls according to the temporal and spatial locality. This article is based on the characteristics of different workloads to study the performance of state-of-art LLC management policies with prediction technology. We achieve Bimodal Insertion Policy (BIP) which can adapt to changes in the working set. In order to further reduce the cache miss rate, we use the Set Dueling mechanism to dynamically choose the best replacement policy between Static Re-Reference Interval Policy (SRRIP) and Bimodal Re-Reference Interval Policy (BRRIP) based on the historical information [13]. We take SPLASH-2 as the benchmark to test the performance of these replacement policies. Finally we give a summary on the characteristics of different kinds of policies.
New nucleoside analogs for patients with hematological malignancies (2011)

Several new nucleoside analogs are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies concerning hematological malignancies. Clofarabine, nelarabine, azacitidine and decitabine have been recently approved for the treatment of leukemias and/or myelodysplastic syndromes. Other agents including forodesine, 8-chloroadenosine, LMP-420, sapacitabine, troxacitabine, thiarabine and zebularine seem to be promising for the treatment of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. However, definitive data from ongoing and future clinical trials will aid in better defining their status in the treatment of hematological disorders.
Three-dimensional maximum-likelihood reconstruction for an electronically collimated single-photon-emission imaging system (1990)

A three-dimensional maximum-likelihood reconstruction method is presented for a prototype electronically collimated single-photon-emission system. The electronically collimated system uses a gamma camera fronted by an array of germanium detectors to detect gamma-ray emissions from a distributed radioisotope source. In this paper we demonstrate that optimal iterative three-dimensional reconstruction approaches can be feasibly applied to emission imaging systems that have highly complex spatial sampling patterns and that generate extremely large numbers of data values. A probabilistic factorization of the system matrix that reduces the computation by several orders of magnitude is derived. We demonstrate a dramatic increase in the convergence speed of the expectation maximization algorithm by sequentially iterating over particular subsets of the data. This result is also applicable to other emission imaging systems.
Geology Drilling Log—A Computer Database System for Drilling Simulation (1987)

Summary Dramatic developments have occurred during this decade in the applications of computer simulation in drilling. Our high-fidelity Engineering Simulator for Drilling (ESD) has the distinctive capability to permit an operator to simulate drilling in different geographic locations using actual drilling and geologic data for that environment. The Geology Drilling Log (GDL) is a data base used by the ESD that not only gives the ESD the flexibility described, but also allows us to describe in sufficient details the properties of the rocks through which we drill. Engineering models and other simulation activities pool information from a GDL during simulation. This paper discusses the technique used to build a GDL and illustrates the steps necessary to build a similar data base for other drilling simulators.
The murine IL 2 receptor. II. Monoclonal anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies as specific inhibitors of T cell function <i>in vitro</i>. (1984)

We assessed the dependency of a variety of immune responses for IL 2 in vitro by using anti-IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies as specific inhibitors of IL 2 function. The generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and maximal thymocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL 1 was readily susceptible to inhibition by these antibodies. Furthermore, the IL 2 receptor-positive, IL 2-responsive cell in the CTL cultures expressed killer cell activity. A greater variability in susceptibility to anti-IL 2 receptor antibody inhibition was noted for proliferation of T cells to concanavalin A, PHA, or allogeneic cells. Under certain conditions, however, each of these responses was almost completely inhibited. In most instances, the failure to block a response could be accounted for by either high levels of endogenous IL 2 production or high density of cell surface IL 2 receptors, which represent two known variables that influence the level of inhibition by these antibodies. Analysis of IL 2 receptor expression by mitogen-stimulated T cells suggested that accessory cells may play a role in the optimal expression of the IL 2 receptor. These experiments demonstrate that IL 2 is the predominant growth factor by which T lymphocytes proliferate, but do not exclude the possibility of an IL 2-independent pathway for growth.
Chronic Intermittent Low-Level Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Auricular Branch of Vagus Nerve Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling in Conscious Dogs With Healed Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Chronic intermittent low-level transcutaneous electric stimulation of auricular branch of vagus nerve can attenuate LV remodeling in conscious dogs with healed MI.
[UV-vis spectroscopic characterization of inclusion compounds of beta-cyclodextrin with lycopene]. (2004)

Water-soluble inclusion compounds of beta-cyclodextrin with lycopene were prepared by two methods: (1) complexation in solution and (2) complexation by kneading. It was found that UV-Vis spectra of the inclusion complexes in water are different from those of lycopene in water-miscible organic solvents (tetrahydrofuran) and beta-cyclodextrin in water, which confirms the formation of the inclusion complexes. Specific interactions of lycopene and beta-cyclodextrin cause great changes in absorbance maximum (lambdamax) of lycopene. It is considered that the inclusion complexes in water are formed as supermolecular aggregates with nanometer size, after card-pack type lycopene is included by beta-cyclodextrin in molecular level.