gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Î±-l-arabinofuranosidase production by<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (1994)

The effects of some physico-chemical parameters on production of extracellular alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase by Aspergillus nidulans were examined. Highest levels of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase were generated with cultures grown on 1% (w/v) purified beet pulp arabinan at 30 degrees C and at an initial pH of 7.0. The enzyme was shown to be very sensitive to the action of proteases. Zymogram overlay of a protein profile obtained by SDS-PAGE revealed the occurrence of a band (M(r) 36,000) exhibiting alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity. The isoelectric pH of the enzyme lay near 4.3. Temperature and pH optima for the activity of crude alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase preparations were 55 degrees C and 5.5, respectively. Enzyme activity was greatly reduced by thiol reagents such as Hg2+ and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and showed a Km value of 2.7 mM on p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside as substrate.
Investigation and characterization of oxidized cellulose and cellulose nanofiber films (2012)

Over the last two decades, a large amount of research has focused on natural cellulose fibers, since they are "green" and renewable raw materials.Recently, nanomaterials science has attracted wide attention due to the large surface area and unique properties of nanoparticles.Cellulose certainly is becoming an important material in nanomaterials science, with the increasing demand of environmentally friendly materials.In this work, a novel method of preparing cellulose nanofibers (CNF) is being presented.This method contains up to three oxidation steps: periodate, chlorite and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl) oxidation.The first two oxidation steps are investigated in the first part of this work.Cellulose pulp was oxidized to various extents by a two step-oxidation with sodium periodate, followed by sodium chlorite.The oxidized products can be separated into three different fractions.The mass ratio and charge content of each fraction were determined.The morphology, size distribution and crystallinity index of each fraction were measured by AFM, DLS and XRD, respectively.In the second part of this work, CNF were prepared and modified under various conditions, including (1) the introduction of various amounts of aldehyde groups onto CNF by periodate oxidation; (2) the carboxyl groups in sodium form on CNF were converted to acid form by treated with an acid type ion-exchange resin; (3) CNF were cross-linked in two different ways by employing adipic dihydrazide (ADH) as
Palm Cooling and Heating Delays Fatigue During Resistance Exercise In Women (2013)

We previously reported that cold application to the palms between sets of high-intensity bench press exercise produces an ergogenic effect in men. In this study, we hypothesized that palm cooling (PC) or heating during rest intervals between high-intensity weight training sets will increase total repetitions and exercise volume load (kilograms) in resistance trained female subjects in a thermoneutral (TN) environment. Eight female subjects (mean ± SD, age = 25 ± 6 years, height = 160 ± 6 cm, body mass = 56 ± 7 kg, 1-repetition maximum [1RM] = 52 ± 6 kg, weight training experience = 6 ± 2 years) completed 4 sets of 85% 1RM bench press exercise to failure, with 3-minute rest intervals. Exercise trials were performed in a counterbalanced order on 3 days, separated by at least 3 days in TN, Palm heating (PH), and PC conditions. Heating and cooling were applied by placing both hands in a hand cooling device with the hand plate set to 45° C for heating and 10° C for cooling. Data were analyzed using a 2-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Palm cooling repetitions were significantly higher than TN repetitions during the second set, and PH repetitions were significantly higher than those of TN during the fourth set. Total exercise volume load (kilograms) for both PC (1,387 ± 358) and PH (1,349 ± 267) were significantly higher than TN (1,187 ± 262). In women, both heating and cooling of the palms between sets of resistance exercise increased the total exercise volume load performed. This ergogenic response to a peripheral sensory input is consistent with the central governor theory of muscular fatigue.
Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugarcane bagasse (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugarcane bagasseGabor Varhegyi, Michael J. Antal, Jr., Tamas Szekely, and Piroska SzaboCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 3, 329–335Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00015a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2767Altmetric-Citations267LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and Characterization of an Antibody-Labeled Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Contrast Agent Targeting Prostate Cancer Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

In this study we developed, characterized and validated in vitro a functional superparagmagnetic iron-oxide based magnetic resonance contrast agent by conjugating a commercially available iron oxide nanoparticle, Molday ION Rhodamine-B Carboxyl (MIRB), with a deimmunized mouse monoclonal antibody (muJ591) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This functional contrast agent is intended for the specific and non-invasive detection of prostate cancer cells that are PSMA positive, a marker implicated in prostate tumor progression and metastasis. The two-step carbodiimide reaction used to conjugate the antibody to the nanoparticle was efficient and we obtained an elemental iron content of 1958 ± 611 per antibody. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the conjugated muJ591:MIRB complex specifically binds to PSMA-positive (LNCaP) cells. The muJ591:MIRB complex reduced cell adhesion and cell proliferation on LNCaP cells and caused apoptosis as tested by Annexin V assay, suggesting anti-tumorigenic characteristics. Measurements of the T2 relaxation time of the muJ591:MIRB complex using a 400 MHz Innova NMR and a multi-echo spin-echo sequence on a 3T MRI (Achieva, Philips) showed a significant T2 relaxation time reduction for the muJ591:MIRB complex, with a reduced T2 relaxation time as a function of the iron concentration. PSMA-positive cells treated with muJ591:MIRB showed a significantly shorter T2 relaxation time as obtained using a 3T MRI scanner. The reduction in T2 relaxation time for muJ591:MIRB, combined with its specificity against PSMA+LNCaP cells, suggest its potential as a biologically-specific MR contrast agent.
The results of a five‐year early prostate cancer detection intervention (1996)

BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society-National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS-NPCDP) is a multidisciplinary evaluation of early prostate cancer detection interventions. This report summarizes the experience of the investigators to date and describes the overall and relative performance of the different detection modalities studied in this project. METHODS Two thousand nine hundred ninety-nine men aged 55 to 70 years at entry who were not already under evaluation for prostate cancer were recruited to participate in up to 5 annual examinations by prostate specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). In the course of 5 years of intervention, ACS-NPCDP investigators have completed 9937 examinations, recommended 1215 biopsies, and detected 203 cancers. RESULTS Loss to cohort follow-up was greatest in the first year. Overall, TRUS led to twice the number of recommendations for biopsy compared with DRE (8.9% versus 4.4%). Elevated PSA was observed in 13.0% of 9535 measurements performed. The overall cancer detection rate declined significantly during the five years of intervention. Detection was significantly associated with age and symptom status at entry. DRE had lower sensitivity compared with TRUS or PSA, particularly in later years of follow-up. The specificity of TRUS was lower than that for DRE. PSA was elevated in 69.2% of examinations that led to cancer detection, compared with only 10.9% when cancer was not found. PSA level, PSA density, and PSA change were all related to the presence of cancer. Less than 6% of the cancers detected in this study were clinically advanced at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These data quantify the yield of early cancer detection that may be expected when PSA, DRE, and TRUS are used in populations comparable to the men participating in the ACS-NPCDP. Continued follow-up and further research is needed to assess whether men receiving early prostate cancer interventions benefit as a result.
IP multimedia subsystem online session charging call control (2006)

An efficient IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) online charging system is important for operator revenue generation. However, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications do not adequately address how online session charging shall be accomplished for IMS networks, especially how IMS network elements such as the application server and the serving call session control function (S-CSCF) interact with the online charging server (OCS). To remedy the shortcoming of 3GPP online charging standards, this paper presents a policy-based IMS call control system that converges the multiple application servers and the IMS gateway functionality into one IMS node for online session charging. The IMS session charging call control system employs a session charging trigger mechanism that enables a real-time report of session information and provides budget control for online quota monitoring. It also enables service logic for multiple applications to be executed in a single node to greatly reduce traffic access between the IMS call session control function (CSCF) and the OCS.
Direct epoxy alcohol synthesis from cyclic olefins using molecular oxygen and VO(acac)2-AIBN catalyst system (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect epoxy alcohol synthesis from cyclic olefins using molecular oxygen and VO(acac)2-AIBN catalyst systemKiyotomi Kaneda, Koichiro Jitsukawa, Takashi Itoh, and Shiichiro TeranishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 15, 3004–3009Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01303a018Request reuse permissionsArticle Views879Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (721 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Icing Process of a Liquid Droplet (2017)

The icing process of water droplet is investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical method is based on a well-validated multiphase flow solver for Navier-Stokes equations. The evolution of interface is represented by a coupled level-set and momentum of fluid method. The rate of liquid to ice phase change is modeled by a Stefan problem. The interface change due to phase change is handled by modifying the level set function. The experiment is conducted in an environmentally controlled chamber. High speed camera is used to capture the icing process of a sessile water drop on a supercooled patterned hydrophobic surface. Our experiment shows that the initial nucleation site is random. The upward movement of the liquid/ice interface is captured in the experiment. The simulation confirms the observation in the experiment. The icing process of a supercooled droplet impinging on a supercooled substrate is also simulated. We simulation shows that the icing process prevents the rebound of the droplet on the hydrophobic surface. © 2017, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.
Reaction of thiobarbituric acid with saturated aldehydes (1986)

The reaction of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with saturated aldehydes, i.e., 1-butanal, 1-hexanal and 1-heptanal, produced a 455-nm yellow and a 532-nm red pigment. Formation of the pigments depended on the reaction conditions. The yellow pigment was unstable in the presence of excess amounts of the saturated aldehydes. The red pigment was formed only when the reaction was performed at a TBA/aldehyde ratio of 1:1 in aqueous acetic acid. Formation of the yellow and red pigments required molecular oxygen. The colorless adducts, intermediates for the yellow and the red pigments, were isolated from the reaction mixtures. Aldol condensation and dehydration of 2 mol of the saturated aldehydes initially gave the alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes, which in turn reacted with TBA to form the colorless adducts, pyranopyrimidine derivatives. The adducts were then converted into the yellow and red pigments under aerobic conditions.
Why the Brain Knows More than We Do (2011)

Scientific studies have shown that non-conscious stimuli and représentations influence information processing during conscious experience. In the light of such evidence, questions about potential functional links between non-conscious brain representations and conscious experience arise. This article discusses models capable of explaining how statistical learning mechanisms in dedicated resonant circuits could generate specific temporal activity traces of non-conscious representations in the brain. How reentrant signaling, top-down matching, and statistical coincidence of such activity traces may lead to the progressive consolidation of neural signatures of conscious experience in networks extending across large distances beyond functionally specialized brain regions is then explained.
Pharmacogenetics: technologies to detect copy number variations. (2009)

The human genome is characterized by structural variations, in addition to having expansive areas of tandem repeat sequences and SNPs. Copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome are the result of insertions, deletions, duplications and complex multisite variants, affecting approximately 10 to 12% of the genome and covering a higher number of nucleotides than SNPs. Several methods are used for the detection of CNVs, including approaches based on hybridization, such as arrays, PCR amplification, FRET and sequencing. These methods can identify microscopic structural variations (> or = 3 Mb in size), as well as submicroscopic structural variations (approximately 1 kb to 3 Mb in size). CNVs can affect drug metabolism and disease susceptibility. Therefore, the effect of variations in the copies of genes on the efficacy and toxicity of therapeutic agents needs to be well established at both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic levels prior to the use of these agents clinically. This review evaluates the techniques for detecting the CNVs available at the time of publication, citing examples from the application of CNVs in clinical pharmacogenetics.
Tagcloud-based explanation with feedback for recommender systems (2013)

Personalized recommender systems aim to push only the relevant items and information directly to the users without requiring them to browse through millions of web resources. The challenge of these systems is to achieve a high user acceptance rate on their recommendations. In this paper, we aim to increase the user acceptance of recommendations by providing more intuitive tag-based explanations of why the items are recommended. Tags are used as intermediary entities that not only relate target users to the recommended items but also understand users' intents. Our system also allows tag-based online relevance feedback. Experiment results on the Movielens dataset show that the proposed approach is able to increase the acceptance rate of recommendations and improve user satisfaction.
Thrombopoietin expression in normal and hypobaric hypoxia-induced thrombocytopenic rats. (1999)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is important as the physiologic regulator of platelet production. High-altitude hypoxia is a well-known cause of polycythemia and thrombocytopenia in animals. Fifty-two Wistar rats were housed for 0.5 to 21 days in a mechanical chamber in an environment equivalent to that found at 5500 m to determine (a) the cellular localization of TPO and (b) whether the decreased platelet and megakaryocyte counts in rats exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic environment (HHE) are associated with an altered TPO mRNA expression. In normal rats, there were high levels of TPO mRNA in the liver and kidney, intermediate levels in the brain and large intestine, and low levels in the skeletal muscle and small intestine. TPO mRNA and protein were expressed in Purkinje cells and neuronal cells in the brain, in proximal tubular cells and the mesangial cells of the glomeruli in the kidney, in hepatocytes and biliary duct epithelial cells, in absorptive epithelial cells in the large intestine, in the epidermis, and in the lung. The platelet count in the blood and megakaryocyte counts in the bone marrow and spleen were all decreased significantly after 5 or more days of exposure to HHE. In major producers such as the liver and kidney and in minor producers such as the brain, TPO mRNA levels, which tended to be decreased after 0.5 to 3 days of exposure to HHE, had returned to normal by about Day 5 or 7. Thus, during the HHE period with a decreased platelet count, no changes in TPO mRNA levels were detected in these three organs. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that TPO production occurs in various types of cells. In HHE, however, factors other than TPO may be involved in hypobaric hypoxia-induced thrombocytopenia in rats.
Real-time optimization-based planning in dynamic environments using GPUs (2013)

We present a novel algorithm to compute collision-free trajectories in dynamic environments. Our approach is general and does not require a priori knowledge about the obstacles or their motion. We use a replanning framework that interleaves optimization-based planning with execution. Furthermore, we describe a parallel formulation that exploits a high number of cores on commodity graphics processors (GPUs) to compute a high-quality path in a given time interval. We derive bounds on how parallelization can improve the responsiveness of the planner and the quality of the trajectory.
Pushing Java Type Obfuscation to the Limit (2014)

Bytecoded .Net and Java programs reveal type information through encoded type hierarchies, casts, field declarations and method signatures. This facilitates bytecode verification, but it also helps reverse engineers. To obfuscate the type information, we combine three transformations. Class hierarchy flattening removes as much of the type hierarchy from programs as possible. Interface merging and object factory insertion further remove type information from casts, method signatures, and object creation sites. We evaluate these techniques with a prototype tool for Java bytecode. On real-life programs from the DaCapo benchmark suite, we demonstrate that our approach effectively hinders human and tool analysis with limited overhead.
Automated painter recognition based on image feature extraction (2013)

This paper describes an approach to automated classification of paintings by artist. The individual style of an artist is recognized through specific elements of a painting which distinguishes the work of an individual from the works of others. The proposed method for automated painter recognition focuses on the measurable elements in a painting which are represented with a set of global image features. The set of computed image descriptors includes statistical features that describe the intensity of a grayscale image, features based on color and textural features obtained using different techniques. Several classifiers were tested and their performance was evaluated on a collection of 500 digitized images of paintings from 20 different artists, obtained from various Internet sources. Experimental results show overall classification accuracy of 75%.
Pulmonary Medications (1995)

Many of the patients seen by physical therapists have primary or secondary diagnoses for which cardiovascular- or pulmonary-active medications may be prescribed. There is a need, therefore, for physical therapists to understand the pharmacologic treatment of such patients. This article discusses medications commonly used in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. These medications are typically divided into the following categories: bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents, decongestants, antihistamines, antitussives, mucokinetics, respiratory stimulants and depressants, and paralyzing and antimicrobial agents. Regardless of which group a particular medication belongs to, the rationale for its prescription centers on promoting bronchodilation or relieving bronchoconstriction, facilitating the removal of secretions from the lungs, improving alveolar ventilation or oxygenation, or optimizing the breathing pattern. The relative importance of each of these goals depends on the specific disease process involved and the resultant respiratory problem(s).
The Human Herpesviruses (1993)

The family herpesviridae: a brief introduction, Bernard Roizman herpes simplex viruses and their replication, Bernard Roizman and Amy E. Sears the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections, Richard J. Whitley, John W. Gnann, Jr. epstein-barr virus, David Liebowitz, Elliott Kieff cytomegalovirus biology and replication, Edward S. Mocarski, Jr. cytomegalovirus, Charles A. Alford, William J. Britt varicella-zoster virus: molecular biology, Lawrence D. Gelb varicella-zoster virus: clinical aspects, Lawrence D. Gelb human herpesvirus 6 & 7 - molecular biology and clinical aspects, Carlos Lopez the biology of B virus, Richard J. Whitley antiviral therapy, Richard J. Whitley, John W. Gnann, Jr. epstein-barr virus vaccine, Gary R. Pearson, Paul H. Levine live attenuated varicella vaccine, Anne A. Gershon, Philip LaRussa, et al current status of HSV vaccine development, Rae Lynn Burke cytomegalovirus vaccines, Gary S. Marshall, Stanley A. Plotkin immunity to herpesvirus infections in humans, Carlos Lopez, Ann M. Arvin, et al.