gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in High‐Strength and Robust Regenerated Cellulose Materials (2020)

High-strength petroleum-based materials like plastics have been widely used in various fields, but their nonbiodegradability has caused serious pollution problems. Cellulose, as the most abundant sustainable polymer, has a great chance to act as the ideal substitute for plastics due to its low cost, wide availability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, the recent achievements for developing cellulose "green" solvents and regenerated cellulose materials with high strength via the "bottom-up" route are presented. Cellulose can be regenerated to produce films/membranes, hydrogels/aerogels, filaments/fibers, microspheres/beads, bioplastics, etc., which show potential applications in textiles, biomedicine, energy storage, packaging, etc. Importantly, these cellulose-based materials can be biodegraded in soil and oceans, reducing environmental pollution. The cellulose solvents, dissolving mechanism, and strategies for constructing the regenerated cellulose functional materials with high strength and performances, together with the current achievements and urgent challenges are summarized, and some perspectives are also proposed. The near future will be an exciting era for high-strength biodegradable and renewable materials. The hope is that many environmentally friendly materials with good properties and low cost will be produced for commercial use, which will be beneficial for sustainable development in the world.
A sampling scanning electron microscope (1978)

Sampling circuitry on the lines of that in a sampling oscilloscope has been interfaced with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This sampling SEM allows the examination of very fast, repetitive voltage waveforms with rise times of the order of 200 ps or less.
Short jute fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of compatibilizer (1998)

Jute fibers were chopped to approximately 100 mm in length and then processed through a granulator having an 8-mm screen. Final fiber lengths were up to 10 mm maximum. These fibers along with polypropylene granules and a compatibilizer were mixed in a K-mixer at a fixed rpm, 5500, and dumped at a fixed temperature, 390°F, following single-stage procedure. The fiber loadings were 30, 40, 50, and 60 wt %, and at each fiber loading, compatibilizer doses were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt %. The K-mix samples were pressed and granulated. Finally, ASTM test specimens were molded using a Cincinnati injection molding machine. At 60% by weight of fiber loading, the use of the compatibilizer improved the flexural strength as high as 100%, tensile strength to 120%, and impact strength (unnotched) by 175%. Remarkable improvements were attained even with 1% compatibilizer only. Interface studies were carried out by SEM to investigate the fiber surface morphology, fiber pull-out, and fiber–polymer interface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 329–338, 1998
The Usefulness of Multilevel Hash Tables with Multiple Hash Functions in Large Databases (2009)

In this work, attempt is made to select three good hash functions which uniformly distribute hash values that permute their internal states and allow the input bits to generate different output bits. These functions are used in different levels of hash tables that are coded in Java Programming Language and a quite number of data records serve as primary data for testing the performances. The result shows that the two-level hash tables with three different hash functions give a superior performance over one-level hash table with two hash functions or zero-level hash table with one function in term of reducing the conflict keys and quick lookup for a particular element. The result assists to reduce the complexity of join operation in query language from O(n2) to O(1) by placing larger query result, if any, in multilevel hash tables with multiple hash functions and generate shorter query result.
Tissue-specific expression of the platelet GPIIb gene (1991)

One of the major objectives in the study of thrombogenesis is to determine the mechanisms by which a hematopoietic progenitor is activated and committed to the megakaryocytic lineage. Recent development of primary cultures of human megakaryocytes and the molecular cloning of genes that are specific to this lineage offer the possibility of getting some insights into the genetic mechanisms that control megakaryocytopoiesis. One gene of interest is the glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) gene; GPIIb, the alpha subunit of the platelet cytoadhesin GPIIb-IIIa, is produced in megakaryocytes at an early stage of the differentiation, whereas the other subunit of this complex, GPIIIa, is expressed in other cells. For these reasons, the 5'-flanking region of the GPIIb gene was used to identify the regions that interact with DNA-binding nuclear factors. A fragment extending from -643 to +33 is capable of controlling the tissue-specific expression of the CAT gene in transfection experiments. Within this region, we have identified several sequences that are implicated in DNA protein interactions as shown in DNAse I footprints and gel mobility shift assays. One region, centered at -54, is similar to a nuclear factor E1-binding site, and a region located at position -233 contains a CCAAT motif. Two domains centered at positions -345 and -540, respectively, bind proteins that are present in megakaryocytic cells and nonrelated cells as well. Finally, two other domains, located at positions -460 and -510, interact with proteins that are only present in megakaryocytic cells. In addition, deletion of the region containing these two domains results in a significant decrease of the promoter activity. It is very likely that these domains bind megakaryocyte-specific nuclear proteins acting as positive transcription factors.
Commonly conserved genetic fragments revealed by genome profiling can serve as tracers of evolution (2002)

We developed a method to produce, identify and analyze DNA fragments for the purpose of taxonomic classification. Genome profiling (GP) is a strategy that identifies genomic DNA fragments common to closely related species without prior knowledge of the DNA sequence. Random PCR, one of the key technologies of GP, is used to produce fragments and may be used even when there are mutations at the priming site. These fragments can then be distinguished based on the information of mobility and melting pattern when subjected to temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Corresponding fragments among several species, designated as commonly conserved genetic fragments (CCGFs), likely have the same genetic origin or correspond to the same gene. The criteria for identification of CCGFs has been defined and presented here. To assess this prediction, some of the fragments were sequenced and were confirmed to be CCGFs. We show that genome profiles bearing evolutionarily conserved CCGFs can be used to classify organisms and trace evolutionary pathways, among other profound applications.
Radar Remote Sensing of the Earth's Atmosphere (2006)

Atmospheric radar techniques are developed for sensing the Earth's atmospheric dynamics. Winds and other parameters aloft are deduced from echoes reflected back from the atmosphere. The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar established by Kyoto University in 1984 has resolved numerous mysteries of the atmosphere, especially above 10km in altitude. The region used to be thought so quiet that no significant meteorological phenomena occurred there. However, the MU radar has revealed that various atmospheric waves are raging there, and even the seasonal change of global-scale winds around 60-90km is controlled by these waves propagating upward from near the surface. The atmospheric radar techniques have been employed for the operational weather forecast in Japan. Also, it is expected that a number of the mysteries of the equatorial atmosphere will be enlightened with the MU-like radar called the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar established at the equator in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Policy Injection (2018)

Enterprises continue to migrate their services to the cloud on a massive scale, but the increasing attack surface has become a natural target for malevolent actors. We show policy injection, a novel algorithmic complexity attack that enables a tenant to add specially tailored ACLs into the data center fabric to mount a denial-of-service attack through exploiting the built-in security mechanisms of the cloud management systems (CMS). Our insight is that certain ACLs, when fed with special covert packets by an attacker, may be very difficult to evaluate, leading to an exhaustion of cloud resources. We show how a tenant can inject seemingly harmless ACLs into the cloud data plane to abuse an algorithmic deficiency in the most popular cloud hypervisor switch, Open vSwitch, and reduce its effective peak performance by 80--90%, and, in certain cases, denying network access altogether.
Fast-switching chiral nematic liquid-crystal mode with polymer-sustained twisted vertical alignment (2017)

We demonstrate a fast-switching liquid-crystal mode with polymer-sustained twisted vertical alignment. By optimizing the polymerization condition, a polymer microstructure with controlled orientation is produced. The polymer microstructure not only synergistically suppresses the optical bounce during field-induced homeotropic-twist transition but also shortens the response time significantly. Theoretical analyses validate that the ground state free energy density is modified by the aligning field of the polymer microstructure, which affects the driving voltage of the device. The outcomes of this paper will enable the development of fast-switching and achromatic electro-optical and photonic devices.
Serological Comparison and Molecular Characterization for Verification of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus as a New Tospovirus Species Belonging to <i>Watermelon silver mottle virus</i> Serogroup (2005)

ABSTRACT Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) isolated from central Taiwan was recently identified as a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). To clarify the serological relationship between the two viruses, rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) to CCSV and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WSMoV NP or CCSV NP were produced in this investigation, using purified nucleocapsid protein (NP) as immunogens. The PAb to CCSV NP reacted stronger with the homologous antigen than with the heterologous antigen, with much lower A(405) readings in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and low-intensity banding in immunoblotting. MAbs produced to CCSV NP or WSMoV NP reacted specifically with the homologous antigens but not with the heterologous antigens in both ELISA and immunoblot analyses. The CCSV S RNA was determined to be 3,172 nucleotides in length, with an inverted repeat at the 5' and 3' ends and two open reading frames encoding the NP and a nonstructural (NSs) protein in an ambisense arrangement. A typical 3'-terminal sequence (5'-AUUGCUCU-3') that is shared by all members of the genus Tospovirus also is present in the CCSV S RNA. The CCSV NP and NSs protein share low amino acid identities of 20.1 to 65.1% and 19.9 to 66.1%, respectively, with those of reported tospoviruses. Phylogenetic dendrogram analysis indicates that CCSV is a distinct member in the genus Tospovirus. The results provide evidence that CCSV is a new species in the genus Tospovirus and belongs to WSMoV serogroup.
Detection of elafin as a candidate biomarker for ulcerative colitis by whole-genome microarray screening (2006)

The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) is largely unknown. Microarray studies are an efficient way of investigating the various genes involved. Here, we have used whole-genome microarrays to clarify the clinical picture and to identify new biomarkers for improved diagnosis. Rectal biopsies were taken from five UC patients and five matched controls, and RNA transcripts were prepared. After labeling, each sample was individually applied to the microarray chips. All transcripts that were more than 10-fold up-regulated in all five patients were analyzed further in seven additional patients and seven controls using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Of 47,000 transcripts examined, 4 were highly up-regulated in all patients: those encoding elafin, a secreted protease inhibitor, the ion and amino acid transporter B (SLC6A14), and the metabolic enzyme aldolase B, as well as a recently identified transcript named similar to numb-interacting homolog. The up-regulation of these transcripts appears to follow the progression of the disease because elevated expression was detected in the proximal part of the colon in patients with total colitis but not in patients with left-sided colitis. Immunohistologic examination showed very distinct differences in the expression of elafin. Extensive expression was detected in enterocytes and goblet cells of the affected mucosa, whereas there was no detectable expression in unaffected mucosa and in healthy controls. The results implicate four transcripts and proteins of special interest as possible targets for pharmacologic interference and as biomarkers in UC. Of these, elafin may be of special interest because it is a secreted protein that may be measured in body fluids.
Neutralizing Alpha-Toxin Accelerates Healing of Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wounds in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Mice (2018)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> wound infections delay healing and result in invasive complications such as osteomyelitis, especially in the setting of diabetic foot ulcers. In preclinical animal models of <i>S. aureus</i> skin infection, antibody neutralization of alpha-toxin (AT), an <i>S. aureus</i>-secreted pore-forming cytolytic toxin, reduces disease severity by inhibiting skin necrosis and restoring effective host immune responses. However, whether therapeutic neutralization of alpha-toxin is effective against <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wounds is unclear. Herein, the efficacy of prophylactic treatment with a human neutralizing anti-AT monoclonal antibody (MAb) was evaluated in an <i>S. aureus</i> skin wound infection model in nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In both nondiabetic and diabetic mice, anti-AT MAb treatment decreased wound size and bacterial burden and enhanced reepithelialization and wound resolution compared to control MAb treatment. Anti-AT MAb had distinctive effects on the host immune response, including decreased neutrophil and increased monocyte and macrophage infiltrates in nondiabetic mice and decreased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in diabetic mice. Similar therapeutic efficacy was achieved with an active vaccine targeting AT. Taken together, neutralization of AT had a therapeutic effect against <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wounds in both nondiabetic and diabetic mice that was associated with differential effects on the host immune response.
Cardiac evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using echocardiography (2019)

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of death. Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD. Aim We used echocardiography to evaluate cardiac function in patients with COPD and correlated echocardiographic findings with COPD severity. Patients and methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional study on 60 patients with stable COPD who presented to the Abbasia Chest Hospital during the period from November 2016 till August 2017. Spirometry was performed for all participants using American and European Thoracic Society (2005) recommendations. They were classified according to GOLD guidelines (2017) and evaluated by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography according to American and European Association of Echocardiography ASE recommendations. Results Echocardiographic examination of left ventricular functions revealed no cases of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was found in ~25%. Right ventricle dilatation was found in ~18% of the patients. Tricuspid regurge was seen in ~75%, with variable grades from mild to severe. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was found in ~40% of the patients. It was more prevalent in patients with severe and very severe disease. Correlation between echocardiographic findings and severity of COPD revealed significant positive correlation only with right ventricle size, tricuspid regurgitation, and PH. Conclusion Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction appears to be frequent in patients with COPD, but it is not related to the disease severity. Abnormal right heart changes could be expected. Presence of PH has a linear relationship with COPD severity.
Septet Spin State in the Lithium Phthalocyanine π-Radical Compound. Role of Dioxygen (1989)

Abstract The lithium phthalocyanine π-radical compound is a molecular semiconductor which exhibits exceptional magnetic properties. These latter are interpreted as resulting from two distinct spin species. One species is delocalized and its behaviour may be interpreted in the frame of itinerant magnetism. It is responsible of an extremely narrow ESR line. The other species is due to localization of the PcLi spins interacting with molecular oxygen. At low temperature this magnetic coupling is shown to stabilize a septet spin state which involves indirect ferromagnetic coupling between neighbouring π-spins. The experimental results obtained up to now on this unexpected spin state are presented and discussed.
Mechanical Stretch-Induced Activation of ROS/RNS Signaling in Striated Muscle (2013)

New advances in ROS/RNS detection as well as molecular manipulation of signaling pathways will provide critical new mechanistic insights into the details of X-ROS signaling. These efforts will undoubtedly reveal new avenues for therapeutic intervention in the numerous diseases of striated muscle in which altered mechanoactivation of ROS/RNS production has been identified.
Physical Properties of Soft Contact Lens Solutions (2008)

This study detailed many physical properties of soft lens solutions that are not readily available and indicated that certain properties vary significantly among these products.
Preformulation Studies On Celecoxib With A View To Improve Bioavailability (2003)

The present study has three primary objectives. Firstly, in view of the low aqueous solubility of celecoxib, solid dispersions of the drug were prepared and evaluated. Different carriers were chosen and a constant drug to carrier ratio was maintained. The solid dispersions obtained were subjected to solubility and dissolution studies including dissolution rate and efficiency. The best carrier was polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate co-polymer, as it increased the solubility by a factor of ten. It also exhibited marked increase in the dissolution rate and efficiency. Secondly, the effect of the surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate on the dissolution rate of celecoxib was investigated. The solubility of a poorly soluble drug is one of the most important factor influencing its dissolution rate and bioavailability. Presence of a surfactant in the dissolution medium permits an experimental situation similar to in vivo conditions and hence results in meaningful in-vitro observations. Dissolution study was conducted using various concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate employing USP dissolution rate testing apparatus 1. Ultimately, a dissolution medium, which gave reproducible results in vitro was designed. Finally, possible drug excipient interactions between celecoxib and the commonly used excipients including those used in the preparation of its solid dispersions were investigated by storing their respective mixtures at various temperatures and humidity conditions followed by evaluating them with reference to physical and chemical stability and the results were confirmed by IR and DSC spectral studies. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to be the most satisfactory excipient. Degradation was evident with all other excipients studied although only at elevated temperatures.
A comparative study of speech and dialed input voice interfaces in rural India (2009)

In this paper we present a study comparing speech and dialed input voice user interfaces for farmers in Gujarat, India. We ran a controlled, between-subjects experiment with 45 participants. We found that the task completion rates were significantly higher with dialed input, particularly for subjects under age 30 and those with less than an eighth grade education. Additionally, participants using dialed input demonstrated a significantly greater performance improvement from the first to final task, and reported less difficulty providing input to the system.
[Effect of sodium chloride on elasticity of silicone matrices]. (2002)

An increase in the availability of the active ingredient from silicone matrices can be achieved by using sodium chloride as the filler. An addition of sodium chloride also influences the mechanical properties of silicone systems. The temperature dependence of real Young's model E' of addition silicone systems with sodium chloride was measured. With increasing NaCl concentration in the silicone system, the values of Young's module E are increased. The increase is also influenced by the particle size of NaCl. The values of the module are moderately increased also with increasing temperature, which corresponds to the kinetic theory of caoutchouc elasticity. A significant increase in E takes place at NaCl concentrations higher than 20%. With a 50% NaCl content in the system, E is increased approximately 3.5 times in comparison with an unfilled sample. Various theories of elastic behaviour of composites can be employed for the description of the effect of the filler on the mechanical properties of silicone systems under small deformations. The effect of chloride is best described by the relation proposed by Nielsen. The value of the constant A in Nielsen's relation, dependent on the shape of the filler particles and Poisson's constant of the unfilled matrix, decreases with increasing particle size. With a change in particle size, a certain change in particle shape takes place. Hydrodynamic theory provides good results for sodium chloride particle size of 102.5 microns, but for particle sizes of 20 microns and 60 microns it is less successful than Nielsen's relation.
The utility of DNA microarrays for characterizing genotoxicity. (2004)

Microarrays provide an unprecedented opportunity for comprehensive concurrent analysis of thousands of genes. The global analysis of the response of genes to a toxic insult (toxicogenomics), as opposed to the historical method of examining a few select genes, provides a more complete picture of toxicologically significant events. Here we examine the utility of microarrays for providing mechanistic insights into the response of cells to DNA damage. Our data indicate that the value of the technology is in its potential to provide mechanistic insight into the mode of action of a genotoxic compound. Array-based expression profiling may be useful for differentiating compounds that interact directly with DNA from those compounds that are genotoxic via a secondary mechanism. As such, genomic microarrays may serve as a valuable alternative methodology that helps discriminate between these two classes of compounds. Key words: biomarkers, gene expression profile, genetic toxicology, mechanism of action, toxicogenomics.