gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ball-pivoting algorithm for surface reconstruction (1999)

The Ball-Pivoting Algorithm (BPA) computes a triangle mesh interpolating a given point cloud. Typically, the points are surface samples acquired with multiple range scans of an object. The principle of the BPA is very simple: Three points form a triangle if a ball of a user-specified radius p touches them without containing any other point. Starting with a seed triangle, the ball pivots around an edge (i.e., it revolves around the edge while keeping in contact with the edge's endpoints) until it touches another point, forming another triangle. The process continues until all reachable edges have been tried, and then starts from another seed triangle, until all points have been considered. The process can then be repeated with a ball of larger radius to handle uneven sampling densities. We applied the BPA to datasets of millions of points representing actual scans of complex 3D objects. The relatively small amount of memory required by the BPA, its time efficiency, and the quality of the results obtained compare favorably with existing techniques.
Vapor–liquid Equilibrium and Distillation of Mixtures Containing Formaldehdye and Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers (2021)

Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME, H3C–O–(CH2O)n–CH3) are promising synthetic diesel fuels. Fordesigning OME production processes, a model for describing the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) in mixtures of(formaldehyde + water + methanol + methylal + OME + trioxane) is needed. Building on previous work ofour group, a physico-chemical model for the VLE in these mixtures is developed in the present work. For thedevelopment and the testing of the model, experiments of different types were carried out: VLE measurements ina thin film evaporator, batch evaporation experiments in an open still, and continuous distillation experiments ina laboratory column. The model predicts the results of the distillation experiments well. It is shown that OMEwith n ≥ 3 can be separated as bottom product from mixtures of formaldehyde, water, methanol, methylal, andOME with n ≥ 2. This separation is a critical step in a novel OME production process that increases the sustainabilityof OME production.
A geometric algorithm for single selective disassembly using the wave propagation abstraction (1998)

Disassembling a selected component from an assembly, defined as selective disassembly, is important for applications such as maintenance, recycling and reuse. This paper presents a geometric algorithm to solve the following selective disassembly problem: given an assembly and a selected component to be disassembled, determine the disassembly sequence with minimum component removals (motions), defined as an optimum sequence. We propose an abstraction “wave propagation” that analyzes the assembly from the selected component outwards, and orders the components for selective disassembly. The main contributions of this research are: (1) determining an optimal disassembly sequence; (2) reducing the search space by analyzing a subset of components in the assembly; and (3) providing a polynomial average complexity algorithm. The proposed selective disassembly approach applies to both two dimensional and three-dimensional assemblies.
FR 901451, a novel inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase from Flexibacter sp. I. Producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1994)

A novel human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitor, FR901451 was discovered in the fermentation broth of a bacteria. The bacteria was identified as Flexibacter sp. No. 758. FR901451 has a molecular weight of 1269 and a molecular formula of C60H79N13O18. The mode of inhibition against HLE is competitive, with a Ki value of 9.8 x 10(-9) M.
Digital Detection of Exosomes by Interferometric Imaging (2016)

Exosomes, which are membranous nanovesicles, are actively released by cells and have been attributed to roles in cell-cell communication, cancer metastasis, and early disease diagnostics. The small size (30-100 nm) along with low refractive index contrast of exosomes makes direct characterization and phenotypical classification very difficult. In this work we present a method based on Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS) that allows multiplexed phenotyping and digital counting of various populations of individual exosomes (>50 nm) captured on a microarray-based solid phase chip. We demonstrate these characterization concepts using purified exosomes from a HEK 293 cell culture. As a demonstration of clinical utility, we characterize exosomes directly from human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF). Our interferometric imaging method could capture, from a very small hCSF volume (20 uL), nanoparticles that have a size compatible with exosomes, using antibodies directed against tetraspanins. With this unprecedented capability, we foresee revolutionary implications in the clinical field with improvements in diagnosis and stratification of patients affected by different disorders.
Pharmacological inhibition of ABCA1 degradation increases HDL biogenesis and exhibits antiatherogenesis (2009)

Expression of ABCA1 is regulated by transcription of the gene and calpain-mediated proteolytic degradation, and inhibition ABCA1 degradation results in increased ABCA1 and HDL biogenesis in vitro. We examined whether this approach could be a potential antiatherogenic treatment. Although probucol inhibits both the activity and degradation of ABCA1, its oxidized products, spiroquinone and diphenoquinone, reduce degradation of ABCA1 without inhibiting its activity or altering transcription of the ABCA1 gene. Accordingly, both compounds enhanced apolipoprotein A-I/ABCA1-dependent generation of HDL in vitro, and increased hepatic ABCA1 and plasma HDL without increasing antioxidant activity in plasma when given to rabbits. Both compounds also decreased vascular lipid deposition in cholesterol-fed rabbits. We therefore conclude that stabilization of ABCA1 against calpain-mediated degradation is a novel and potentially important strategy to increase HDL formation and prevent atherosclerosis. Spiroquinone and diphenoquinone are potential seeds for development of such drugs.
Perspective on High‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>‐based Thin‐film Solar Cells Fabricated by Simple, Scalable Processes (1995)

Abstract We have fabricated high‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS)‐based photovoltaic (PV) devices by four different processes. Each process may be characterized as cither sequential or concurrent deposition of the metals with or without an activity of selenium. A world‐record, total‐area efficiency of 17.1% has been achieved by the concurrent delivery of the metals in the presence of selenium. Gallium has been introduced into the device in such a manner as to produce homogeneous, normal profiling and double‐profiling graded bandgap structures. This has resulted in an open‐circuit voltage (V oc ) parameter of 680 mV and a fill factor of over 78%. A growth model has been developed allowing for simple translation of these processes to a manufacturing environment for the large‐scale production of modules.
Kinematic Transmission Design For The Atomic Resolution Measuring Machine (ARMM) (1989)

Minimizing alignment induced errors between an actuator and bearing so as not to induce wear and error into the system can often be achieved only via the use of kinematic transmission elements. A taught wire attached to the platten and grabbed in the middle by the actuator is the simplest form of a kinematic transmission system and provides the greatest error attenuation of the compliant type kinematic transmissions; however, it is also the most axially compliant. To increase the apparent axial stiffness, one can measure the position of the platten at the points where the wire is attached to the platten and where the actuator is attached to the wire. The stretch of the wire can then be determined and compensated for with the motion of the actuator if the latter has suitable bandwidth.
Bright electroluminescence in ambient conditions from WSe2 p-n diodes using pulsed injection (2019)

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers are promising materials for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronics, including high-speed light sources and detectors. However, most past reports on TMDC light-emitting diodes are limited to operation in high vacuum, while most applications require operation under ambient conditions. In this work, we study the time-resolved electroluminescence of monolayer WSe2 p-n junctions under ambient conditions and identify the decay in current over time as the main issue preventing stable device operation. We show that pulsed voltage bias overcomes this issue and results in bright electroluminescence under ambient conditions. This is achieved in a simple single-gate structure, without the use of dual gates, heterostructures, or doping methods. Internal quantum efficiency of electroluminescence reaches ∼1%, close to the photoluminescence quantum efficiency, indicating efficient exciton formation with injected carriers. Emission intensity is stable over hours of device operation. Finally, our device exhibits ∼15 ns rise and fall times, the fastest direct modulation speed reported for TMDC light-emitting diodes.
Design and in Vivo Analysis of Potent Non-Thiol Inhibitors of Farnesyl Protein Transferase (1999)

Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) based upon a pseudotripeptide template are described that comprise an imidazole group substituted with a hydrophobic substituent. (1, 5)-Disubstitution of the imidazole group is shown to be the optimal array that leads to potent and selective inhibitors of FPTase. A variety of aryl and isoprenyl substituents are shown to afford effective inhibitors, and the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit FPTase has been investigated. The biochemical behavior of these compounds suggests that they bind to FPTase at the site usually occupied by the protein substrate. In experiments in cell culture, the methyl ester prodrugs of these inhibitors are cell permeant and potently inhibit the posttranslational modification of H-Ras protein. Additionally, these molecules revert the phenotype of ras transformed cells as evidenced by their ability to slow the growth of ras transformed cell lines in soft agar. One of the inhibitors, as its methyl prodrug, was evaluated in two in vivo models of tumor growth. The compound selectively inhibited the growth of tumors derived from H-ras transformed cells, in nude mice, and caused the regression of preexisting tumors in an H-ras transgenic animal model.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating with photonic crystal seven-point defect structure (2003)

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structure has been investigated for single lateral mode operation. The PC confined mode can be controlled by the lattice constant, the hole diameter, the etching depth, and the defect structure. A seven-point defect structure is proposed to enhance the confinement effect, which is diluted by finite hole depth of the PC structure. We obtained a pure PC confined mode under room-temperature cw conditions with a PC lattice constant of 2 μm, hole diameters of 1.0 and 1.4 μm, and depths of 1.85 and 1.92 μm, respectively.
Stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering in a three-photon absorbing medium and its phase-conjugation property (2007)

We show that the backward-stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering (SRBS) can be efficiently generated in a three-photon absorbing medium. Compared with all other known stimulated (such as Brillouin and Raman) scattering effects, the observed effect exhibits the following three features: (i) no frequency shift, (ii) a lower pump threshold, and (iii) no critical requirement for pump spectral linewidths within a range of Δv¯≤1cm−1. The specific nonlinear scattering medium is a three-photon absorbing chromophore solution (PRL-OT04 in chloroform), pumped by 1064nm laser pulses of nanoseconds duration but with three different spectral linewidths. The mechanism for generating backward SRBS in a three-photon active medium is the formation of a stationary Bragg grating enhanced by three-photon-absorption-associated refractive index changes. A superior optical phase-conjugation property of the backward SRBS beam has been experimentally demonstrated by employing two different optical setups. In both cases, a specially introduced aberration influence of 4-5 mrad can be basically removed by the backward SRBS beam that retains a much smaller beam divergence of ≤0.4 mrad.
Analysis of view synthesis prediction architectures in modern coding standards (2013)

Depth-based 3D formats are currently being developed as extensions to both AVC and HEVC standards. The availability of depth information facilitates the generation of intermediate views for advanced 3D applications and displays, and also enables more efficient coding of the multiview input data through view synthesis prediction techniques. This paper outlines several approaches that have been explored to realize view synthesis prediction in modern video coding standards such as AVC and HEVC. The benefits and drawbacks of various architectures are analyzed in terms of performance, complexity, and other design considerations. It is hence concluded that block-based VSP prediction for multiview video signals provides attractive coding gains with comparable complexity as traditional motion/disparity compensation.
Improved adaptive video delivery system using a perceptual pre-processing filter (2014)

In this paper, we present an adaptive video delivery system that uses a perceptual pre-processing filter tuned to the viewing conditions of the receiver. The filter receives a number of parameters of the reproduction setup that includes viewing distance, display pixel density, ambient contrast, display peak luminance, etc. A model of visual contrast sensitivity is used in the filter design to remove spatial oscillations that are invisible under the specified viewing conditions. Removing such oscillations simplifies the video content leading to bitrate savings in the video encoding without causing any visible alterations of the content. Experiments demonstrate the bitrate savings our filter can yield compared to conventional encoding methods that are not tailored to specific viewing conditions. Subjective viewing tests confirm the bitrate savings come without reduction in visual quality.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTICOCCIDIAL 1‐SUBSTITUTED 4(1H)‐PYRIDINONE HYDRAZONES (1977)

Abstract Chelidonsäure (I) reagiert mit p‐Chloranilin (II) zum Pyridon (III), das mit F1uorsulfonsäuremethylester (IV) zu (V) quaterniert wird.
Identification and characterization of endo- -N-acetylglucosaminidase from methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta (2013)

In four yeast strains, Ogataea minuta, Candida parapolymorpha, Pichia anomala and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, we identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) homologous sequences by database searches; in each of the four species, a corresponding enzyme activity was also confirmed in crude cell extract obtained from each strain. The O. minuta ENGase (Endo-Om)-encoding gene was directly amplified from O. minuta genomic DNA and sequenced. The Endo-Om-encoding gene contained a 2319-bp open-reading frame; the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the putative protein belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 85. The gene was introduced into O. minuta, and the recombinant Endo-Om was overexpressed and purified. When the enzyme assay was performed using an agalacto-biantennary oligosaccharide as a substrate, Endo-Om exhibited both hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities. Endo-Om exhibited hydrolytic activity for high-mannose, hybrid, biantennary and (2,6)-branched triantennary N-linked oligosaccharides, but not for tetraantennary, (2,4)-branched triantennary, bisecting N-acetylglucosamine structure and core-fucosylated biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides. Endo-Om also was able to hydrolyze N-glycans attached to RNase B and human transferrin under both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. Thus, the present study reports the detection and characterization of a novel yeast ENGase.
Improved Tangent Space-Based Distance Metric for Lithographic Hotspot Classification (2016)

A distance metric of patterns is crucial to hotspot cluster analysis and classification. In this paper, we propose an improved tangent space (ITS)-based distance metric for hotspot cluster analysis and classification. The proposed distance metric is an important extension of the well-developed tangent space method in computer vision. It can handle patterns containing multiple polygons, while the traditional tangent space method can only deal with patterns with a single polygon. It inherits most of the advantages of the traditional tangent space method, e.g., it is easy to compute and is tolerant with small variations or shifts of the shapes. The ITS-based distance metric is a more reliable and accurate metric for hotspot cluster analysis and classification. We also propose a hierarchical density-based clustering method for hotspot clustering. It is more suitable for arbitrary shaped clusters.
Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid (2010)

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been proposed as a way to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs). Unidirectional V2G is especially attractive because it requires little if any additional infrastructure other than communication between the EV and an aggregator. The aggregator in turn combines the capacity of many EVs to bid into energy markets. In this work an algorithm for unidirectional regulation is developed for use by an aggregator. Several smart charging algorithms are used to set the point about which the rate of charge varies while performing regulation. An aggregator profit maximization algorithm is formulated with optional system load and price constraints analogous to the smart charging algorithms. Simulations on a hypothetical group of 10 000 commuter EVs in the Pacific Northwest verify that the optimal algorithms increase aggregator profits while reducing system load impacts and customer costs.
Optimal one-wafer cyclic scheduling analysis of transport-dominant single-arm multi-cluster tools (2016)

In semiconductor manufacturing, it is very challenging to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule for a multi-cluster tool. This work aims to do so. It assumes that its bottleneck tool is transport-bound, thereby making it transport-dominant. To do so, a scheduling strategy for each individual tool is determined. Then, a Petri net model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of the system. With the model, it is found that to coordinate the robots is to determine their waiting time. Then, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which a one-wafer cyclic schedule with the lower bound of cycle time exists and present an efficient algorithm to test its existence and find it if existing. One industrial example is used to show the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Jet-diffuser Ejector - Attached Nozzle Design (1980)

Attached primary nozzles were developed to replace the detached nozzles of jet-diffuser ejectors. Slotted primary nozzles located at the inlet lip and injecting fluid normal to the thrust axis, and rotating the fluid into the thrust direction using the Coanda Effect were investigated. Experiments indicated excessive skin friction or momentum cancellation due to impingement of opposing jets resulted in performance degradation. This indicated a desirability for location and orientation of the injection point at positions removed from the immediate vicinity of the inlet surface, and at an acute angle with respect to the thrust axis. Various nozzle designs were tested over a range of positions and orientations. The problems of aircraft integration of the ejector, and internal and external nozzle losses were also considered and a geometry for the attached nozzles was selected. The effect of leaks, protrusions, and asymmetries in the ejector surfaces was examined. The results indicated a relative insensitivity to all surface irregularities, except for large protrusions at the throat of the ejector.
The Concept of Hormesis in Cancer Therapy – Is Less More? (2015)

There has, in recent years, been a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role of the immune system in the development of cancers. Immune dysregulation, manifesting as chronic inflammation, not only facilitates the growth and spread of tumors but prevents the host from mounting effective immune defenses against it. Many attempts are being made to develop novel immunotherapeutic strategies, but there is growing evidence that a radical reevaluation of the mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation is required in the light of advances in immunology. Based on the concept of hormesis - defined as the presence of different modes of action of therapeutic modalities at different doses - a 'repositioning' of chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be required in all aspects of cancer management. In the case of chemotherapy, this may involve a change from the maximum tolerated dose concept to low dose intermittent ('metronomic') therapy, whilst in radiation therapy, highly accurate stereotactic targeting enables ablative, antigen-releasing (immunogenic) doses of radiation to be delivered to the tumor with sparing of surrounding normal tissues. Coupled with emerging immunotherapeutic procedures, the future of cancer treatment may well lie in repositioned chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and more localized debulking surgery.
Monolithically Integrated Metal/Semiconductor Tunnel Junction Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes (2016)

We have demonstrated for the first time an n(++)-GaN/Al/p(++)-GaN backward diode, wherein an epitaxial Al layer serves as the tunnel junction. The resulting p-contact free InGaN/GaN nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibited a low turn-on voltage (∼2.9 V), reduced resistance, and enhanced power, compared to nanowire LEDs without the use of Al tunnel junction or with the incorporation of an n(++)-GaN/p(++)-GaN tunnel junction. This unique Al tunnel junction overcomes some of the critical issues related to conventional GaN-based tunnel junction designs, including stress relaxation, wide depletion region, and light absorption, and holds tremendous promise for realizing low-resistivity, high-brightness III-nitride nanowire LEDs in the visible and deep ultraviolet spectral range. Moreover, the demonstration of monolithic integration of metal and semiconductor nanowire heterojunctions provides a seamless platform for realizing a broad range of multifunctional nanoscale electronic and photonic devices.