gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal GHRH plasmid administration changes pituitary cell lineage and improves progeny growth of pigs (2003)

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that administration of a myogenic plasmid that encodes a protease-resistant growth hormone-releasing hormone (HV-GHRH) to pregnant rat dams augmented long-term growth in first-generation progeny. In the present study, gilts were injected intra-muscularly at day 85 of gestation with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg of the HV-GHRH-expressing plasmid and were then electroporated. Piglets were weighed and bled periodically from birth to 100 kg. Piglets from gilts treated with 1 and 5 mg of HV-GHRH plasmid were larger at birth and weaning compared with controls. These two groups reached 100 kg 9 days earlier than the other groups. GHRH levels were increased at birth in piglets from treated gilts. IGF-I levels were significantly increased in the 5-mg group beginning at 21 days of age compared with controls. Pituitaries from the 5-mg group contained a significantly increased number of somatotrophs and lactotrophs from birth to 100 kg. This study confirms that enhanced maternal GHRH production results in intergenerational growth augmentation and that the magnitude of the response is dose dependent. The similarity of the response across species suggests that the effect is likely exerted as a fundamental component of gestational and developmental physiology.
Experimental investigation of microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for breast cancer detection (2003)

We investigate the experimental feasibility of detecting small malignant breast tumors using a recently proposed method of microwave imaging via space-time beamforming. A microwave sensor comprised of a planar synthetic array of compact ultrawideband (1-11 GHz) antennas is placed above a breast tissue phantom - a tank of homogeneous normal breast tissue simulant covered by a thin layer of skin simulant. A small (< 0.5 cm) synthetic tumor is embedded in the breast phantom. At each position in the array, the antenna transmits a synthetically generated ultra-short pulse into the breast phantom. A robust data-adaptive algorithm removes the artifact caused by the dominant backscatter from the skin-breast interface. The signals are passed through a 3-D space-time beamformer designed to image backscattered energy as a function of location. Even millimeter-sized malignant tumors have relatively large microwave scattering cross-sections due to their significant dielectric-properties contrast with normal breast tissue. Therefore they produce localized regions of large backscatter energy levels in the beamformer image. The successful detection and localization of very small synthetic tumors embedded in the skin-breast tissue phantom is demonstrated.
Multi-structural databases (2005)

We introduce the Multi-Structural Database, a new data framework to support efficient analysis of large, complex data sets. An instance of the model consists of a set of data objects, together with a schema that specifies segmentations of the set of data objects according to multiple distinct criteria (e.g., into a taxonomy based on a hierarchical attribute). Within this model, we develop a rich set of analytical operations and design highly efficient algorithms for these operations. Our operations are formulated as optimization problems, and allow the user to analyze the underlying data in terms of the allowed segmentations.
Pyridine Based Polymer Light-Emitting Devices (1997)

Abstract : Pyridine-based conjugated polymers and copolymers have been shown to be excellent candidates for polymer light-emitting devices in various device configurations. The high electron affinity of pyridine based polymers enables the use of relatively stable metals such as Al as an electron injecting contact. Taking advantage of the better electron transport properties of the pyridine-containing polymers, we fabricate bilayer devices utilizing poly(9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) as a hole transporting/electron blocking layer. This improves the device efficiency and brightness significantly due to the charge confinement and exciplex emission at the PVK/emitting polymer interface. The incorporation of conducting polyaniline network electrode into PVK reduces the device turn on voltage significantly while maintaining the high quantum efficiency, thus improving the device power efficiency. Novel device configurations such as symmetrically configured AC light-emitting (SCALE) devices enable the device to work under both forward and reverse bias as well as in AC modes, potentially improving the device stability.
A micromachined comb-drive tuning fork rate gyroscope (2002)

The development of single-crystal and polysilicon tuning fork gyroscopes of very small size and low cost using microfabrication technology is reported. These tuning fork gyroscopes are extremely rugged, inherently balanced, and easy to fabricate. For a 1-mm gyroscope, projected performance is 10 to 100 degrees /hr for bias stability and for resolution in a 60-Hz bandwidth. To date, 5000 degrees /hr in a 60 Hz bandwidth has been demonstrated. The principle of operation, projected and measured performance and fabrication of silicon, polysilicon, and nickel units and associated electronics and control issues are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micromachined tunneling displacement transducers for physical sensors (1993)

We have designed and constructed a series of tunneling sensors which take advantage of the extreme position sensitivity of electron tunneling. In these sensors, a tunneling displacement transducer, based on scanning tunneling microscopy principles, is used to detect the signal-induced motion of a sensor element. Through the use of high-resonant frequency mechanical elements for the transducer, sensors may be constructed which offer wide bandwidth, and are robust and easily operated. Silicon micromachining may be used to fabricate the transducer elements, allowing integration of sensor and control electronics. Examples of tunneling accelerometers and infrared detectors will be discussed. In each case, the use of the tunneling transducer allows miniaturization of the sensor as well as enhancement of the sensor performance.
Space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation for OFDM systems in wireless LAN applications (2004)

Space-time coding techniques are methods to improve transmission efficiency in radio channels by using multiple transmit and/or receive antennas. Bit-interleaved coded modulation gives good diversity gains with higher order modulation schemes using well known binary convolutional codes. By using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), wideband transmission can be achieved over frequency selective fading radio channels. In this paper, we combine these three ideas into a family of flexible space-time coding methods where modulation order and coding rates as well as the number of transmit and receive antennas can be changed without drastic redesign of the space-time codes. Near optimum iterative decoders are evaluated in terms of simulation for slowly varying wireless LAN type channels. Significant performance gains over the 802.11a standard system are reported.
Evaluation of a toxoid fusion protein vaccine produced in plants to protect poultry against necrotic enteritis (2019)

Immunized birds produced a strong serum IgY response against both the plant produced PlcC-NetB protein and against bacterially produced His-PlcC and His-NetB. Immunized birds were significantly protected against a subsequent in-feed challenge with virulent <i>C. perfringens</i> when treated with the fusion protein. These results indicate that a plant-produced PlcC-NetB toxoid is a promising vaccine candidate for controlling NE in poultry.
1.5 dimensional circular pattern filter for multiscale lung nodule detection (2002)

The work presented is an important step in computerized lung nodule detection. The existing schemes proposed in the literature are generally two-step procedures, i.e., segmentation of suspicious areas followed by a differentiation of nodules from lung and chest structures. The algorithms in these schemes for the suspicious area segmentation are all based on 2-D matched filtering techniques which may not be robust in the situations where lung structures overlap with nodules. The 1.5-D circular pattern filter proposed in this paper uses a grouped local gradient characteristics method which is insensitive to overlapped structures, but sensitive to a pre-defined shape, such as circular area. A set of multiscale filters combined with a multiscale stability analysis provides a very effective method for detection of lung modules of different sizes.
Selective CO<sub>2</sub>reduction to C<sub>3</sub>and C<sub>4</sub>oxyhydrocarbons on nickel phosphides at overpotentials as low as 10 mV (2018)

Bioinspired nickel phosphide electrocatalysts achieve breakthrough efficiency and selectivity for C<sub>3</sub>and C<sub>4</sub>products.
Self-Pumping Membraneless Miniature Fuel Cell With an Air-Breathing Cathode (2011)

We introduce a simple and compact fuel-cell architecture consisting of only solid channels and demonstrate its validity by developing a miniature direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The proposed architecture generates electric power while pumping the fuel and removing byproduct <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{CO}_{2}$</tex> </formula> without any discrete pump, gas separator, or membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The fuel pump and gas separator are embedded in the channel, as reported before, by directionally growing and venting <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{CO}_{2}$</tex></formula> byproduct bubbles formed inside the reaction microchannels using “virtual check valve” and microporous hydrophobic venting membrane. The new architecture further eliminates the MEA, along with the issues associated with it, by flowing one stream of fuel and electrolyte mixture in a single channel consisting of both an anode and an air-breathing cathode. The reported system obtains a supply of oxygen directly from quiescent air through a gas-diffusion cathode rather than using an oxygen tank. By eliminating all the ancillary parts, the so-called “packaging penalty,” which has been hindering the miniaturization of fuel cells below the order of a centimeter, is avoided. This simple and self-standing fuel-cell unit produces 16.7 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{mW/cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> , a performance comparable to the existing bulkier DFAFCs that use external pumps, pressurized oxygen or MEA. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$</tex></formula> [2011-0088]
Photonic ATM switch based on a multiwavelength fiber-loop buffer (1995)

An optical ATM switching node has to provide two basic functionalities: cell routing (by means of a space switch) and cell contention resolution (by means of a cell buffer). This paper reports the development of a photonic ATM switch with two inputs, two outputs, and four memory positions, capable of routing 622-Mbit/s cells and of solving contention situations. The switching function1,2 exploits the wavelength domain to encode the incoming cells, to buffer them in a wavelength controlled optical memory when necessary, and to finally route them to the proper output. The basic concept relies on the possibility of simultaneously storing several cells, at different wavelengths, inside the same optical-fiber loop (Fig. 1). The output-port address, written in the first bytes of the cell (routing tag), is read by the tag recognizer; this information is used by the electronic control to identify cell collisions, to subsequently decide which cell(s) will be stored in the memory, and to perform routing.
Oxide-based RRAM: Physical based retention projection (2010)

Based on the retention failure mechanism of high resistance state due to reconstruction of oxygen vacancy filament in the rupture region, a physical model is proposed to quantify the retention failure behavior of oxide-based RRAM devices, supported by experiments. A new data retention evaluation methodology is proposed to predict the failure probability and lifetime of the memory devices.
Use of two-photon excitation for erasable–rewritable three-dimensional bit optical data storage in a photorefractive polymer (1999)

We report what is believed to be the first use of a photorefractive polymer in erasable-rewritable three-dimensional bit optical data storage under two-photon excitation. We successfully demonstrate writing, erasing, and rewriting of multilayered information in a photorefractive polymer consisting of 2,5-dimethyl-4-(p-nitrophenylazo)anisole, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 9-ethylcarbazole, and poly(N-vinylcarbazole). A three-dimensional bit density of 5 Gbits/cm(3) is achieved by two-photon absorption under pulsed beam illumination at an infrared wavelength of 800 nm in the recording process. Complete erasing of the recording information is achieved by use of ultraviolet illumination.
Foucault pendulum on a chip: angle measuring silicon MEMS gyroscope (2011)

We report detailed characterization of a vacuum sealed angle measuring silicon MEMS gyroscope. The new gyroscope utilizes completely symmetric, dynamically balanced quadruple mass architecture, which provides a unique combination of maximized quality (Q) factors and isotropy of both the resonant frequency and the damping. The vacuum sealed SOI prototype with a 2 kHz operational frequency demonstrated virtually identical X- and Y-mode Q-factors of 1.1 million. Due to the stiffness and damping symmetry, and very low dissipation, the gyroscope can be instrumented for direct angle measurements with fundamentally unlimited rotation range and bandwidth. Experimental characterization of the mode-matched gyroscope operated in whole-angle mode confirmed linear response in excess of ±450°/s range and 100 Hz bandwidth (limited by the setup), eliminating both bandwidth and range constraints of conventional MEMS rate gyroscopes.
Unequal error protection of MPEG-4 compressed video (1999)

The MPEG-4 video compression standard incorporates several techniques to create error-resilient coded video. These techniques are effective against a certain level of errors. However, wireless channels often have very high error rates; thus channel coding is needed to reduce the number of errors in the compressed bitstream that is sent to the MPEG-4 video decoder. The structure of an MPEG-4 compressed bitstream lends itself to using unequal error protection to ensure fewer errors in the important portions of the bitstream. This paper discuses how unequal error protection can be used with the MPEG-4 error resilience tools and describes several experiments using both unequal and equal error protection on video sent through a simulated GSM channel. The results of these experiments show that when the bit error rate is high, unequal error protection can improve reconstructed video quality by as much as 1 dB compared with equal error protection.
<title>Optical Open-Area Ratiometer</title> (1980)

An optical method for measuring the percent of open area of perforated sheet materials is presented. The technique, which is based on Fourier optics, uses a detector to measure a small central portion of the light in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of-the perforated sheet. This approach offers accuracy and speed while avoiding diffraction problems associated with arrays of small holes. In addition it can be used with translucent materials. A brief theoretical analysis is presented as well as results obtained with a laboratory system. The system is being developed to inspect perforated materials fabricated for use on noise suppression systems for aircraft engines, however, it should be useful in the general noncontact determination of the open area of perforated materials.
A Pseudorabies Virus Mutant with Deletions in the Latency and Early Protein O Genes: Replication, Virulence, and Immunity in Neonatal Piglets (1996)

The pathogenicity of a double mutant of pseudorabies virus (PRV) with deletions in the latency gene and the early protein O gene was examined. In comparison to the parent Indiana-Funkhauser virus, the ability of this mutant to replicate and to cause disease in piglets is greatly reduced. At an infection dose that caused no clinical signs in 5-day-old neonatal piglets, this mutant was capable of eliciting solid protective immunity against a lethal PRV challenge. Thus, the double-gene deletion attenuates PRV but does not affect its immunogenicity. These features may be desirable for inclusion into future PRV vaccines.
Hydrosilylation of Olefins with Allyldichlorosilane: A Convenient Route to Allyl Group Containing Organodichlorosilanes (1995)

The hydrosilylation of olefins with allyldichlorosilane in the presence of chloroplatinic acid diluted with isopropanol gave allylalkyldichlorosilanes, retaining the allyl group. When the olefin was used in fivefold excess or more relative to allyldi
Algebraic filter approach for fast approximation of nonlinear tomographic reconstruction methods (2015)

We present a computational approach for fast approximation of nonlinear tomographic reconstruction methods by filtered backprojection (FBP) methods. Algebraic reconstruction algorithms are the methods of choice in a wide range of tomographic applications, yet they require significant computation time, restricting their usefulness. We build upon recent work on the approximation of linear algebraic reconstruction methods and extend the approach to the approximation of nonlinear reconstruction methods which are common in practice. We demonstrate that if a blueprint image is available that is sufficiently similar to the scanned object, our approach can compute reconstructions that approximate iterative nonlinear methods, yet have the same speed as FBP.
Novel plasma biomarker surrogating cerebral amyloid deposition (2014)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common and devastating dementia. Simple and practical biomarkers for AD are urgently required for accurate diagnosis and to facilitate the development of disease-modifying interventions. The subjects for the study were selected on the basis of PiB amyloid imaging by PET. Forty PiB-positive (PiB+) individuals, including cognitively healthy controls (HC), and mild cognitive impairment and AD individuals, and 22 PiB-negative (PiB−) HC participated. Employing our novel highly sensitive immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we measured plasma amyloid β-proteins (Aβs; Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) and Aβ-approximate peptides (AβAPs), which were cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Among the AβAPs, APP669-711 appeared to be a good reference for deciphering pathological change of Aβ1-42. We evaluated the performance of the ratio of APP669-711 to Aβ1-42 (APP669-711/Aβ1-42) as a biomarker. APP669-711/Aβ1-42 significantly increased in the PiB+ groups. The sensitivity and specificity to discriminate PiB+ individuals from PiB− individuals were 0.925 and 0.955, respectively. Our plasma biomarker precisely surrogates cerebral amyloid deposition.
Hybrid Adaptive Receive Processing for Multistatic Radar (2007)

For multiple radars operating within the same spectrum, the resulting mutual interference can severely degrade sensitivity. Recently, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm has demonstrated the ability to partially suppress multistatic interference to better estimate the illuminated range profiles. This estimation is accomplished by jointly determining, in an MMSE sense, the range cell complex amplitudes associated with each of the received radar waveforms. As the number of received radar signals increases, the residual error after the application of MAPC increases as well. However, instead of jointly estimating all the received signals, one may wish to selectively minimize the residual error for a particular received radar (e.g. the monostatic returns from the co-located transmitter). In this paper, selective error minimization is achieved by utilizing a MAPC-based variant of the CLEAN algorithm. The resulting hybrid CLEAN algorithm is shown to provide significant sensitivity improvement over MAPC alone.
Improved high speed maglev design (1992)

This report discusses a propulsion and stabilization system for an inductive repulsion type magnetically levitated vehicle which is propelled and suspended by a system which includes dividing the superconducting magnets into two types: a strong field magnet which is located vertically below the vehicle for propulsion and guidance and a weak field superconducting magnet located at the ends of the vehicle for levitation and added guidance. Several proposed embodiments exist for the placement of the magnetic field shielding: locating the shielding on the vehicle, locating the shielding on the guideway, and locating the shielding on the guideway and adding shielding to the vertical undercarriage. In addition, the separation between the be vehicle and the guideway can be controlled to reduce the exposure of the passenger cabin to magnetic fields.
The synthesis of pyrroles with insecticidal activity (1994)

Abstract The 2‐aryl‐4‐bromo‐5‐trifluoromethylpyrrole‐3‐carbonitriles represent a new class of insect control agents. The high insectidical activity observed in this series prompted us to investigate the preparation of regioisomeric arylhalotrifluoromethylpyrrole carbonitriles. The synthesis and biological activity of eight of the twelve possible regioisomers are described and discussed.
Pseudomycins, a family of novel peptides from Pseudomonas syringae possessing broad-spectrum antifungal activity. (1991)

A family of peptide antimycotics, termed pseudomycins, has been isolated from liquid cultures of Pseudomonas syringae, a plant-associated bacterium. These compounds were purified using Amberlite XAD-2 and reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Pseudomycin A, the predominant peptide in a family of four, showed selective phytotoxicity, and had impressive activity against the human pathogen Candida albicans. Amino acid, mass spectroscopic, and comparative electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses revealed that the pseudomycins are different from previously described antimycotics from P. syringae, including syringomycin, syringotoxin and syringostatins. Pseudomycins A-C contain hydroxyaspartic acid, aspartic acid, serine, arginine, lysine and diaminobutyric acid. The molecular masses of pseudomycins A-C, as determined by plasma desorption mass spectrometry, are 1224, 1208 and 1252 Da, respectively. Pseudomycin D, on the other hand, has a molecular mass of 2401 Da and is more complex than pseudomycins A-C.
A Supernodulation and Nitrate-Tolerant Symbiotic (<i>nts</i>) Soybean Mutant (1985)

The nodulation characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) mutant nts382 are described. The mutant nodulated significantly more than the parent cultivar Bragg in the presence and absence of several combined nitrogen sources (KNO(3), urea, NH(4)Cl, and NH(4)NO(3)). The number of nodules on the tap root and on lateral roots was increased in the mutant line. In the presence of KNO(3) and urea, nitrogenase activity was considerably higher in nts382 than in Bragg. Mutant plants were generally smaller than wild-type plants. Although nts382 is a supernodulator, inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum was necessary to induce nodule formation and both trial strains CB1809 (= USDA136) and USDA110 elicited the mutant phenotype. Segregation of M(3) progeny derived from a M(2) wild-type plant indicated that the mutant character is inherited as a Mendelian recessive. The mutant is discussed in the context of regulation of nodulation and of hypotheses that have been proposed to explain nitrate inhibition of nodulation.