gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of the Electro-oxidation of Ammonia (2004)

Introduction In a lot of ways, ammonia is an ideal fuel for fuel cells and certainly shows some advantages as a precursor for hydrogen production. Ammonia represents a convenient way of securing supplies of hydrogen with one cylinder of ammonia yielding the equivalent to nine or ten cylinders of hydrogen [1]. The fact that ammonia is easily condensed makes it a good choice for transportation and storage. Ammonia is readily available and its decomposition by electro-oxidation in alkaline media is environmentally friendly with nitrogen and water as main products of reaction. It appears that considerable current densities can be obtained from the oxidation of ammonia on noble metals but this electrode process is far less reversible than the oxidation of hydrogen [2,3]. Platinumbased catalysts are well-known for the electro-oxidation of organics molecules and perform well for ammonia oxidation. However, they are subject to poisoning due to adsorption of molecules over Pt surface, which reduces drastically their catalytic activity [4]. Therefore, addition of other metals (M) such as Ru, Ir, or Rh is necessary to improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst, Pt-Ir being the most promising bimetallic alloy [5,6]. To date, no molecular modeling study that deals with the ammonia interactions with Pt-based surfaces for the electro-oxidation of ammonia is available in the open literature. Few theoretical studies have been focused on the interactions of ammonia with some transition metals. [7,8] The oxidative addition reaction of ammonia in the catalytic alkene hydro-amination, and the solvation of Yttrium atoms with ammonia was studied for the physisorption and chemisorption on metals surfaces. [7,8]
Reflectance confocal microscopy of red blood cells: simulation and experiment (Conference Presentation) (2016)

The properties of red blood cells are a remarkable indicator of the body's physiological condition; their density could indicate anemia or polycythemia, their absorption spectrum correlates with blood oxygenation, and their morphology is highly sensitive to various pathologic states including iron deficiency, ovalocytosis, and sickle cell disease. Therefore, measuring the morphology of red blood cells is important for clinical diagnosis, providing valuable indications on a patient’s health. In this work, we simulated the appearance of normal red blood cells under a reflectance confocal microscope and discovered unique relations between the cells’ morphological parameters and the resulting characteristic interference patterns. The simulation results showed good agreement with in vitro reflectance confocal images of red blood cells, acquired using spectrally encoded flow cytometry (SEFC) that imaged the cells during linear flow and without artificial staining. By matching the simulated patterns to the SEFC images of the cells, the cells’ three-dimensional shapes were evaluated and their volumes were calculated. Potential applications include measurement of the mean corpuscular volume, cell morphological abnormalities, cell stiffness under mechanical stimuli, and the detection of various hematological diseases.
A Process for the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Corn Oil from Dry Milled Corn Germ and Enzymatic Wet Milled Corn Germ (E‐Germ) (2009)

Abstract A bench‐scale aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from corn germ from either a commercial corn dry mill or corn germ from a newly‐developed experimental enzymatic wet milling process (E‐Germ). With both types of germs, no oil was extracted when acidic cellulase was the only enzyme used. Pre‐treating dry milled corn germ by heating it in boiling water or microwave pretreatment, followed by enzymatic extraction with the acidic cellulase resulted in oil yields of about 43% and 57%, respectively. A two‐step process, combining both acidic cellulase and alkaline protease treatments, with no heat pretreatment, achieved oil yields of 50–65% from dry milled corn germ and 80–90% from E‐Germ.
High-speed broadband frequency sweep of continuous-wave terahertz radiation (2015)

We present a new technical implementation of a high-speed broadband frequency sweep of continuous-wave terahertz (THz) radiation. THz frequency sweeping with a kHz sweep rate and a THz sweep range is implemented using THz photomixing in which an optical beat source consists of a wavelength-swept laser and a distributed feedback laser diode. During the frequency sweep, frequency-domain THz interferograms are measured using the coherent homodyne detection employing signal averaging for noise reduction, which can give time-of-flight information via fast Fourier transform. Multiple reflections in a Si wafer and the thickness of the wafer are measured to demonstrate the potential of this method for fast THz tomography and thickness measurement.
Development of the coastal wave power generation device (2016)

Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding (MES) was awarded for “Technical Development and Demonstration of Small, Efficient Wave-Power device” by Ministry of the Environment at fiscal year 2013 (October, 2013), and had been developing wave-power device aiming for a full-scale demonstration test at sea within fiscal year 2015. This lead to confirm its effect (the point absorber effect) at actual sea utilizing resonance control: the most effective method to recover wave energy. This report focuses on the resonance control test in wave tank and demonstration test at actual sea on the status of development for the coastal wave power generation device.
Multi Core Fiber with Large Aeff of 140 µm2 and Low Crosstalk (2012)

Multi core fiber with large Aeff as 140 µm2 and low crosstalk less than -40 dB after 100 km transmission was successfully developed. The design of core profile, core pitch, and cladding diameter were optimized simultaneously to achieve optical properties suitable for the future large capacity transmission utilizing the multi level signal format.
Phase-matched electromagnetic scattering in active dielectric films (1989)

An investigation of oblique plane-wave electromagnetic scattering from active dielectric films reveals the existence of anomalously large resonances that occur at discrete plane-wave angles of incidence. These resonances may be understood from a leaky-wave phase-matching condition whose predictions for the first few modes agree to within a few percent of those obtained from a rigorous treatment using Maxwell’s equations. Enhancement in the scattered-field intensities of the order of 100 was observed in experiments using finite-diameter pump and probe laser beams and active films as thin as 6 μm.
Retroinverso analogs of spadin display increased antidepressant effects (2014)

Together, our results indicated that spadin retro-inverso peptides could represent new potent antidepressant drugs. As exemplified by spadin in the field of depression, retro-inverso strategies could represent a useful technique for developing new classes of drugs in a number of pathologies.
Polarization limitations in antenna tracking (2004)

Pseudo-monopulse antenna tracking systems perform well when the received signal has the design polarization characteristics. However, if the received signal differs from the design polarization, tracking performance can degrade. These tracking limitations are discussed as well as mitigation techniques that provide antenna tracking that is independent of the signal's polarization.
PREVENT: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Avexitide for Treatment of Postbariatric Hypoglycemia (2021)

Avexitide administered for 28 days was well tolerated and resulted in robust and consistent improvements across multiple clinical and metabolic parameters, reinforcing the targeted therapeutic approach and demonstrating durability of effect. Avexitide may represent a first promising treatment for patients with severe PBH.
Validation of a Novel Assay to Distinguish Bacterial and Viral Infections (2017)

Double-blinded evaluation confirmed high assay performance in febrile children. Assay was significantly more accurate than CRP, procalcitonin, and routine laboratory parameters. Additional studies are warranted to support its potential to improve antimicrobial treatment decisions.
Thermal conductance enhancement of particle-filled thermal interface materials using carbon nanotube inclusions (2004)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely used in high power integrated circuits. This work introduces multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a silicone composite filled with metal particles, resulting in a TIM with higher thermal conductivity. Anomalous increase in thermal conductivity is found starting at a CNT volume fraction of 1.4% for a composite filled with 40% nickel particles and at 2.2% for a composite filled with 30% nickel particles. The measured thermal conductivities are interpreted using closed-form models to account for the interactions between the CNTs and the metal particles, interactions which can be characterized by the percolation theory. The results reported here are promising for developing TIMs with higher thermal conductivities and better compliance and wetting properties.
Association of glycosylation-inhibiting factor with plasma membranes of T suppressor cell hybridomas. (1990)

The glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) was detected in EGTA extracts of the OVA-specific Ts cell hybridoma, 231F1 cells and 71B4 cells, which constitutively secrete GIF. The lymphokine in both culture supernatants and EGTA extracts failed to bind to OVA-Sepharose. Association of GIF with the plasma membrane was confirmed by surface labeling of the 231F1 cells with 125I. The major species of GIF in the extract was 14.4-kDa peptide as determined by SDS-PAGE, and was identical to that detected in culture supernatants. Pretreatment of the cells with monoclonal anti-GIF switched the cells from the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF to the formation of glycosylated IgE-BF, indicating that the membrane-associated GIF is involved in the determination of the nature of IgE-binding factor during their biosynthesis. When the hybridoma was stimulated with OVA-pulsed APC, EGTA extracts of the cells contained GIF having affinity for OVA. The binding of the OVA-binding GIF in the EGTA extracts to OVA-Sepharose was inhibited by a synthetic peptide, which corresponds to amino acid residues 307-317 in the OVA molecule and represents the epitope recognized by TCR on the cells. The OVA-binding GIF in the extracts bound to the monoclonal anti-TCR-alpha chain, H-28-710 and the mAb 14-12, which is specific for the Ag-binding chain of effector type suppressor factor, and suppressed the in vivo antibody response of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA in a carrier-specific manner. Evidence was obtained that indicated that the Ag-binding chain was associated with nonspecific GIF chain on the cell surface of the Ag-stimulated cells.
A 2 mu m holmium laser (1988)

A comparison of the CW laser performance of the /sup 5/I/sub 7/-/sup 5/I/sub 8/ transition at 2 mu m in erbium-thulium-sensitized Ho:YLF and Ho:YAG ( alpha beta Ho:YLF and alpha beta Ho:YAG) crystals at liquid nitrogen temperature is reported. Multimode-laser output power above 60 W was obtained with two compositions of alpha beta Ho:YLF (with a rod size of 5 mm in diameter and 75 mm in length) with 4.1% efficiency and 4.75% slope efficiency. Thermal load measurements on alpha beta Ho:YLF and alpha beta ZHo:YAG laser rods and effects of the pumping lamp on the laser yield are presented. Preliminary results on single-pulse operation of both alpha beta Ho:YLF and alpha beta Ho:YAG lasers in free-running mode threshold in both YLF and YAG is constant up to 100 K and increases with temperature above 11 degrees K. The laser slope efficiency in YAG is constant up to 150 K, above which it decreases with temperature, while in the ULF the slope efficiency has a broad maximum around 150 K. The net result in YLF is a broad maximum of the laser output power around 130 K at high pumping levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and Characterization of a Soluble Form of the LDL Receptor, an Interferon-Induced Antiviral Protein (1994)

Interferons (IFNs) act by inducing several intracellular antiviral proteins. We report here that IFNs also induce an extracellular soluble protein that inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. This protein accounts for 25%-50% of the total antiviral activity elicited by IFN. The antiviral protein was purified to homogeneity from culture supernatants of IFN-treated cells by several chromatographic steps, to give a single 28-kDa active polypeptide. Upon sequencing, this novel protein corresponded to the N-terminal ligand-binding domain of the human 160-kDa low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In addition, we find that IFN induces the cell surface LDLR and this phenomenon may explain previous reports on reduction of serum cholesterol in IFN-treated patients. Viruses produce soluble cytokine receptors that inhibit their respective cytokines, thereby assisting virus infection. It appears now that host cells employ similar molecules for the opposite role of controlling virus infections.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Energetic Compounds. Part 7. Azido Derivatives of Pentaerythritol. (1986)

Abstract Ausgehend von Pentaerythrit werden zahlreiche energiereiche Verbindungen im angegebenen Sinne hergestellt.
Oncolytic Parvoviruses as Tools for Cancer Gene Therapy (2004)

ABSTRACTGene therapy of cancer by means of recombinant viruses (vectors) that express transgenes and specifically kill neoplastically transformed cells (oncolysis) is a novel approach in the treatment of this lethal disease. Autonomous parvoviruses have been shown to preferentially replicate in and kill in vitro-transformed cells. Reduction of the incidence of spontaneous and implanted tumors in animals by means of parvoviruses is seen in numerous models, including also human neoplasias in immunodeficient mice. However, these agents in their wild type form are often not potent enough to kill all tumor cells equally well. With the aim of enhancing the intrinsic antitumor effect and the range of natural parvoviruses, recombinant parvovirus vectors were constructed expressing various cytotoxic, immunostimulating and antiangiogenie transgene products. These vectors proved to be quite safe and efficient in different anticancer protocols. In summary, due to their natural oncotropic and oncolytic properties, combined with absent pathogenicity, certain members of parvoviruses present an attractive tool in the fight against cancer.
Catalytic process for NO/sub x/ reduction under lean conditions (1977)

It has been discovered that supported iridium catalysts will selectively reduce NO/sub x/ under lean conditions in a critical temperature range.
Design of a Laboratory Hall Thruster with Magnetically Shielded Channel Walls, Phase I: Numerical Simulations (2011)

In a proof-of-principle effort to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically shielded (MS) Hall thrusters, an existing laboratory thruster has been modified with the guidance of physics-based numerical simulation. When operated at a discharge power of 6-kilowatts the modified thruster has been designed to reduce the total energy and flux of ions to the channel insulators by greater than 1 and greater than 3 orders of magnitude, respectively. The erosion rates in this MS thruster configuration are predicted to be at least 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than those in the baseline (BL) configuration. At such rates no detectable erosion is expected to occur.
Embedding a carbon nanotube across the diameter of a solid state nanopore (2011)

A fabrication method for positioning and embedding a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) across the diameter of a solid state nanopore is presented. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used to grow SWNTs over arrays of focused ion beam (FIB) milled pores in a thin silicon nitride membrane. This typically yields at least one pore whose diameter is centrally crossed by a SWNT. The final diameter of the FIB pore is adjusted to create a nanopore of any desired diameter by atomic layer deposition, simultaneously embedding and insulating the SWNT everywhere but in the region that crosses the diameter of the final nanopore, where it remains pristine and bare. This nanotube-articulated nanopore is an important step towards the realization of a new type of detector for biomolecule sensing and electronic characterization, including DNA sequencing.
Identification of a Conserved Region of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>MSP3 Targeted by Biologically Active Antibodies to Improve Vaccine Design (2004)

Merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) is a target of antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI), a protective mechanism against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. From the C-terminal half of the molecule, 6 overlapping peptides were chosen to characterize human immune responses. Each peptide defined at least 1 non-cross-reactive B cell epitope. Distinct patterns of antibody responses, by level and IgG subclass distribution, were observed in inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area. Antibodies affinity purified toward each peptide differed in their functional capacity to mediate parasite killing in ADCI assays: 3 of 6 overlapping peptides had a major inhibitory effect on parasite growth. This result was confirmed by the passive transfer of anti-MSP3 antibodies in vivo in a P. falciparum mouse model. T helper cell epitopes were identified in each peptide. Antigenicity and functional assays identified a 70-amino acid conserved domain of MSP3 as a target of biologically active antibodies to be included in future vaccine constructs based on MSP3.
Autonomous bathymetry survey system (1999)

This paper describes the Autonomous Bathymetry Survey System (AutoSurvey), a system that provides automation of swath sonar bathymetric surveys. This system enables faster surveying of an area through environmentally adaptive techniques while ensuring adequate coverage and data quality. AutoSurvey assesses data quality and coverage in real time and generates next-trackline waypoints based on actual system performance. The need for real-time performance assessment is discussed. A primary factor considered is the effect of the environment on swath bathymetry system performance, which is difficult to predict a priori. The system's features, design, and implementation are discussed in this paper. Simulation and sea trial results are presented, as well as an analysis of the system's ability to reduce survey time.
Enhanced expression of aconitase raises acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter aceti (2004)

Acetobacter spp. are used for industrial vinegar production because of their high ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid and high resistance to acetic acid. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of a soluble fraction of Acetobacter aceti revealed the presence of several proteins whose production was enhanced, to various extents, in response to acetic acid in the medium. A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 100 kDa was significantly enhanced in amount by acetic acid and identified to be aconitase by NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing and subsequent gene cloning. Amplification of the aconitase gene by use of a multicopy plasmid in A. aceti enhanced the enzymatic activity and acetic acid resistance. These results showed that aconitase is concerned with acetic acid resistance. Enhancement of the aconitase activity turned out to be practically useful for acetic acid fermentation, because the A. aceti transformant harboring multiple copies of the aconitase gene produced a higher concentration of acetic acid with a reduced growth lag-time.
Self‐emulsion polymerization of baylis–hillman‐derived <i>α</i>‐hydroxymethyl‐substituted acrylates (2015)

Amphiphilic alkyl α-hydroxymethyl acrylates can be polymerized via self-emulsion polymerization (i.e., without surfactants) under conventional radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization conditions. The α-hydroxymethyl acrylates can be copolymerized at very low percentages (∼5%) with conventional monomers such as butyl acrylate under surfactant free conditions. The hydroxyl group of the α-hydroxymethyl acrylates in the resultant latex could potentially be used for further functionalization or for modulation of surface properties. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Supplementary Information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis, refolding and protective immune responses of a potential antigen for human Respiratory Syncytial Virus vaccine<sup>1</sup> (2003)

The design of new antigens with both high immunogenic and safety properties is of particular interest to vaccine against infectious diseases. In the present study, we describe the synthesis and the refolding of peptide G20 derived from the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) G-protein. G20 (MEF G140-190 G144-158) is a peptide of 69 amino acids with two disulfide bridges, which comprises multiple protective B-cell epitopes. It was deleted of the T helper cell epitope 184-198 of the RSV G-protein, which was found to induce pulmonary pathology after RSV challenge in mice. Interestingly, we showed in the present study that G20 generated a highly protective antibody response against RSV challenge in Balb/c mice. Therefore, G20 represents a new potential antigen for an RSV vaccine.
Extending the Optimality Range of Multi-Antenna Coded Caching with Shared Caches (2020)

This work considers the cache-aided multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (MISO BC) where an L-antenna transmitter serves K receiving users, each assisted by one of Λ <; K caches with normalized capacity γ. For this setting it was known that in the range of L ∈ [K/Λ, Kγ], one can achieve a Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) performance of L + Kγ. This very restrictive constraint that L ≤ Kγ excluded shared- cache settings with a large number of antennas from achieving the maximum DoF; for the more realistic regime of L > Kγ, all existing coded caching schemes suffer substantially reduced caching or multiplexing gains. Our work provides a novel coded caching scheme that achieves the exact best known, near optimal, DoF L+Kγ, and does so even if L > Kγ, thus covering an important hole in identifying the optimal performance for the multi-antenna shared-cache problem. Therefore, our work reveals that shared-cache systems with many transmit antennas can also enjoy both full multiplexing gains (L) as well as full caching gains (Kγ) despite the sharing of the caches. A side benefit of this scheme is its applicability in multi-antenna settings with dedicated users caches, where it can offer the advantage of reducing the subpacketization without sacrificing the DoF performance.