gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in human hair growth (1991)

Various parameters of hair growth were determined every 28 days for 18 months in 14 healthy Caucasian men aged 18-39 with indoor occupations in Sheffield, U.K. (latitude 53.4 degrees N). In the scalp the proportion of follicles in anagen reached a single peak of over 90% in March, and fell steadily to a trough in September. The number of shed hairs reached a peak around August/September, when least follicles were in anagen. At this time the average loss of hairs was about 60 per day, more than double that during the preceding winter. The rate of growth of the beard was lowest in January and February and increased steadily from March to July to reach a peak about 60% above the winter level. The rate of growth of thigh hair showed a similar pattern though with less pronounced differences. No seasonal fluctuations in finger- or toenail growth were detected.
A dendrite-suppressing composite ion conductor from aramid nanofibres (2015)

Dendrite growth threatens the safety of batteries by piercing the ion-transporting separators between the cathode and anode. Finding a dendrite-suppressing material that combines high modulus and high ionic conductance has long been considered a major technological and materials science challenge. Here we demonstrate that these properties can be attained in a composite made from Kevlar-derived aramid nanofibres assembled in a layer-by-layer manner with poly(ethylene oxide). Importantly, the porosity of the membranes is smaller than the growth area of the dendrites so that aramid nanofibres eliminate 'weak links' where the dendrites pierce the membranes. The aramid nanofibre network suppresses poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization detrimental for ion transport, giving a composite that exhibits high modulus, ionic conductivity, flexibility, ion flux rates and thermal stability. Successful suppression of hard copper dendrites by the composite ion conductor at extreme discharge conditions is demonstrated, thereby providing a new approach for the materials engineering of solid ion conductors.
T Cell Activation and Senescence Predict Subclinical Carotid Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Women (2011)

HIV-associated T cell changes are associated with subclinical carotid artery abnormalities, which may be observed even among those patients achieving viral suppression with effective antiretroviral therapy.
Building Rich Recommender Systems by Modeling Visual, Sequential, and Relational Signals (2017)

Modeling and predicting user behavior in recommender systems are challenging as there are various types of signals at play. Traditional item recommendation algorithms mainly focus on modeling signals that indicate usersâ preferences, e.g. purchases, clicks, ratings. Despite their success, they typically ignore other signals that are also important for the recommendation task, e.g. visual signals for understanding usersâ finer-grained preferences toward appearances of items, sequential signals for exploiting the recommendation context, or relational signals encoding the complex and useful relationships amongst items.Modeling these signals is non-trivial because it requires one to tackle not only âstandardâ recommender systems challenges such as dealing with large, sparse, and long-tailed datasets, but also new challenges from dealing with the signals themselves, such as the need to model content in terms of its visual appearance, highly subjective sequential behavior, and the heterogeneous ârelatednessâ amongst items.In this dissertation, we tackle these challenges by building novel models that are scalable, accurate, and intuitive. Empirical results on a wide spectrum of large, real-world datasets indicate that our methods can not only quantitatively improve recommendation accuracy, but also enrich the systemâs ability to understand visual interactions (e.g. visual preferences and fashion trends), context (e.g. the impact of recent actions on the future), and complicated relationships amongst items (e.g. complementary or substitutable).
Development of railgun accelerator at NCLI (1986)

Railgun experiments have been made at National Chemical Laboratory for Industry (NCLI). Two types of railguns having 30 mm square bore and round bore of 14 mm in diameter were made. A pulse transformer was employed in a capacitor bank energy source system in order to increase a efficiency of acceleration. The performance of the system was examined. A projectile position detector using a continuous X-ray beam was developed and employed together with a X-ray shadowgraph apparatus to determine the precise positions of acceralated projectiles. This diagnostic system including ordinary electromagnetic and optical probes for plasma have enabled us to obtain the relative position of the projectile and the plasma armature experimentally.
Characterization of BRCAA1 and Its Novel Antigen Epitope Identification (2004)

Looking for novel breast cancer antigen epitopes is helpful for its treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. brcaa1 gene is mapped at 1q42.1-q43, its whole genome is 93.857 kb, including 18 exons and 17 introns. BRCAA1 protein is composed of 1,214 amino acids with 10 glycosylate sites, and shares 37% amino acid identity and an identical antigen epitope with Rb binding protein 1. The novel antigen epitope, SSKKQKRSHK, was predicted to locate in the region 610 to 619 sites, was synthesized, and its antibody was fabricated. Competent inhibition analysis showed that SSKKQKRSHK is the shortest effective peptide. The antigen epitope was mapped in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the antigen epitope exhibited positive expression in 65% (39 of 60) breast cancer specimens and negative expression in 60 non-cancerous tissues. Statistical analysis shows that its expression is closely associated with status of ER and PR, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81%, and confidence interval of 85.9% to 96.9%. ELISA analysis showed that the mean absorbance of sera antibody titers from breast cancer patients and healthy donors were 0401 +/- 0.163 SD and 0.137 +/- 0.121 SD, respectively. Sixty-four percent breast cancer patient sera and 13% healthy donor sera had higher titer than mean titer of healthy donors, and there exists significant difference between breast cancer patients and healthy donors (P < 0.001). In this study, a novel breast cancer antigen epitope, SSKKQKRSHK, is identified. Its expression is associated with characteristics that are themselves associated with prognosis of breast cancer, and its sera antibody level may be helpful for breast cancer diagnosis.
Control Plane Stability with Retrial Traffic and Comparison of Hard- and Soft-State Protocols (2007)

It has been recognized that in the current Internet it is important to control not only congestion caused by overload of the data plane but also congestion caused by overload of the control plane. In particular, it is important to avoid congestion from retrial traffic. This paper focuses on RSVP-based communication services. In general, users reattempt to set up connections not only when transmission systems are overloaded but also when processing systems in the network are overloaded. The latter is caused by user psychology: an increase in the waiting time for the processing to be completed tends to increase his or her reattempts. Thus, it is important to manage both transmission and processing resources properly. In this paper, we introduce a model that takes account of both transmission and processing systems, and we examine the behavior of retrial traffic. In addition, we compare the system stability achieved by two different resource management methods, the hard-state method and the soft-state method.
Sugar-bearing tetraphenylethylene: novel fluorescent probe for studies of carbohydrate–protein interaction based on aggregation-induced emission (2010)

Neutral sugar-bearing tetraphenylethenes (TPE) are designed and prepared as "turn-on" luminescent sensors for lectins and glycosidases based on aggregation-induced emission. Through aggregation derived from carbohydrate-lectin binding, multivalent mannosyl-bearing TPE shows a good selectivity and sensitivity to Con A by switching on the fluorescence of water-soluble tetraphenylethylene-based glyco-conjugates in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, cellobiosyl-bearing TPE can be used to investigate enzymatic hydrolysis based on emission enhancing by glycosidase-induced aggregation.
The effects of geometrical scaling on the frequency response and noise performance of SiGe HBTs (2002)

We examine the geometrical scaling issues in SiGe HBT technology. Width Scaling, length scaling, and stripe-number scaling are quantified from a radio frequency (RF) design perspective at 2 GHz. We conclude that a SiGe HBT with emitter area A/sub E/=0.5/spl times/20/spl times/6 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is optimum for low noise applications at J/sub c/=0.1 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ and f=2 GHz using the design methodology, which guarantees optimal noise and input impedance matching with the simplest matching network. Finally, the optimal device sizes at f=4 and 6 GHz for low noise applications are also obtained using the same method.
Encyclopedia of computer science (2001)

From the Publisher:
The Encyclopedia of Computer Science is the definitive reference work on computers, computing, and computer science. This new edition has 2,000 pages containing over 600 fully-updated articles by internationally-known computing experts. With its blending of historical perspective and practical reference information, the Encyclopedia of Computer Science is a must-have for every collection.
Alphabetically arranged and classified into subject areas, the Encyclopedia will cover the fields of: 
Hardware Computer systems Information and data Software Mathematics of Computing Theory of computation Methodologies Applications Computing Milieux 

Features 
Over 100 entirely new entries Thorough revisions and updates reflecting the latest developments in the field 900 illustrations in black and white, plus full color inserts A list of the 450 contributing international experts, complete with affiliation Thorough cross-references, abbreviations, and acronyms An extensive list of computer science and engineering research journals A timeline of significant computing milestones Ph.D-granting departments of computer science and engineering Glossary of major terms in five languages Key high level languages Numerical tables and constants Articles deleted from the first three editions Over 100 new articles covering emerging, cutting-edge subjects. Examples include: 
Automated Planning Byte Ordering Cache Coherency Computer Industry: US, Britain, Europe, Japan Computer Ethics Data Mining Database Concurrency Control E-commerce Fuzzy Logic Geographic Information System (GIS) Integer Sequences Legal Issues of the Internet Lyons Electronic Office (LEO) Markup Languages Molecular Computing Multi-agent Systems Partial Evaluation Redundant Array Inexpensive Dish (RAID) Register Allocation Scientific Visualization Simula Telerobotics
Langmuir Adsorption Study of the Interaction of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots with Model Substrates: Influence of Substrate Surface Chemistry and pH (2008)

We investigate the utility of Langmuir adsorption measurements for characterizing nanoparticle-substrate interactions. Spherical CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles were chosen as representative particles because of their widespread use in biological labeling measurements and their relatively monodisperse dimensions. In particular, the quantum dots were functionalized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, and we utilized an amine-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as a model substrate. SAMs with different end-groups (-CH(3) and -COOH) were also considered to contrast with the adsorption behavior on the amine-terminated SAM substrates. We followed the kinetics of nanoparticle adsorption on the aminosilane layer by quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) over a range of particle concentrations and determined the corresponding Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Analysis of both equilibrium adsorption and kinetic adsorption data allowed us to determine a consistent value of the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant for the amine-terminated SAM at room temperature (K(L) approximately 2.7 (micromol/L)(-1)), providing a useful characterization of the nanoparticle-substrate interaction. The effect of varying solution pH on Langmuir adsorption was also investigated in order to gain insight into the role of electrostatic interactions on nanoparticle adsorption. The equilibrium extent of adsorption was found to be maximum at about pH 7. These changes of nanoparticle adsorption were further quantified and validated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal fluorescence microscopy measurements. We conclude that Langmuir adsorption measurements provide a promising approach for quantifying nanoparticle-substrate interactions.
Increased IL-10 production during spontaneous apoptosis of monocytes (2002)

Monocytes/macrophages undergo apoptosis and are in contact with apoptotic cells both in vitro and in vivo. The data show that monocytes undergoing spontaneous apoptosis in vitro change their cytokine production profile. We demonstrate that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) is up-regulated, while production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is either not affected or reduced. These differences seen both at the protein and mRNA level directly correlate with the appearance of apoptotic cells in the culture. Flow cytometry analysis using double staining, surface with annexin V and intracellular with anti-IL-10, suggested that annexin V-negative monocytes are the predominant source of IL-10. Analysis of sorted populations of monocytes indicated that the increase in IL-10 synthesis appears to result from direct interactions between non-apoptotic and apoptotic cells at the time of stimulation. Also non-apoptotic, freshly isolated monocytes produced more IL-10 upon stimulation with LPS, Staphylococcus aureus or zymosan when apoptotic neutrophils were added to the culture. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages did not produce more IL-10 in the presence of apoptotic neutrophils. Finally, we found that the presence of apoptotic monocytes in the culture may influence specific immune responses. The data show that in the presence of annexin V-positive monocytes CD4-positive memory T cells produce less IFN-gamma upon stimulation with purified protein derivative of tuberculin, which could be partially reversed by anti-IL-10 neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that these findings might illustrate the mechanisms operating within an inflammatory site and play an important immunoregulatory role during the resolution of inflammation and specific immune responses.
Killing of Serratia marcescens biofilms with chloramphenicol (2017)

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium with proven resistance to multiple antibiotics and causative of catheter-associated infections. Bacterial colonization of catheters mainly involves the formation of biofilm. The objectives of this study were to explore the susceptibility of S. marcescens biofilms to high doses of common antibiotics and non-antimicrobial agents. Biofilms formed by a clinical isolate of S. marcescens were treated with ceftriaxone, kanamycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol at doses corresponding to 10, 100 and 1000 times their planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration. In addition, biofilms were also treated with chemical compounds such as polysorbate-80 and ursolic acid. S. marcescens demonstrated susceptibility to ceftriaxone, kanamycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol in its planktonic form, however, only chloramphenicol reduced both biofilm biomass and biofilm viability. Polysorbate-80 and ursolic acid had minimal to no effect on either planktonic and biofilm grown S. marcescens. Our results suggest that supratherapeutic doses of chloramphenicol can be used effectively against established S. marcescens biofilms.
Cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: relation to prognosis (2004)

To determine the role of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in the invasive behavior of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), Cystatin C protein level was measured in 82 pairs of primary tumour tissue and adjacent noncancerous mucosa, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median level of cystatin C in tumour tissue was 1.18 times lower than that in corresponding mucosa (P=0.031). In normal mucosa samples, the cystatin C level was influenced by the site of sampling: it was lower in nonlaryngeal tissue samples (oral cavity, oro- or hypopharynx) than in laryngeal samples (P=0.004). The tumour cystatin C level correlated inversely with pN-stage (P=0.047), whereas a trend of lower cystatin C levels was observed in the group with extranodal tumour extension compared to those with no extranodal spread (P=0.069). In univariate analysis, the patients with low tumour cystatin C levels exhibited poor disease-free survival (DFS, P=0.013) and disease-specific survival (DSS, P=0.013). In multivariate analysis, the most powerful predictor of survival was pN-stage (DFS: P=0.040, HR 2.78; DSS: P=0.011, HR 4.36,), followed by the cystatin C level (DFS: P=0.043, HR 0.22; DSS: P=0.067, HR 0.25). When comparing the prognostic strength of cystatin C to that of stefin A, another cysteine proteinase inhibitor, which emerged as the most significant prognosticator for survival in our previous study analysing the same cohort of patients, stefin A proved to be significantly more reliable predictor for both DFS and DSS than cystatin C. Our results indicate that cystatin C is implicated in the invasive behavior of SCCHN, and that there are variations in regulation of proteolytic pathways under nonmalignant conditions, inherent to individual subsites inside the upper aerodigestive tract. The correlation between high cystatin C levels and improved survival concurs with the concept of the protective role of high levels of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in tissue homogenates that has been previously suggested by the survival results in breast and lung carcinoma as well as SCCHN.
Introduction: The New York School of Poets (1993)

If Whitman were alive today and chose to go bathing in the waters off Manhattan, ‘abrupt questionings’ would not be the only thing to stir inside him. But New York is as infamous on account of the chemicals its denizens ingest, as for those its industry expels into the water. As the emblem of a contemporary condition of toxicity, New York is an infernal primus inter pares; the most concentrated dose so far of what is present in more diluted form elsewhere, be it vagrancy or insider trading, crime or vanguard art. It is the city to which other cities look for a sign, most often a warning, of the episodes to come in their own unfolding narrative. In one sense a triumph over Nature, its skyscrapers and subway system are the new Nature, as fields of concrete and forests of scaffolding dwarf the species that created them, ‘while nature itself, in the form of parks, a snowfall, cats and dogs, is a detail in the stone and steel of his habitat’.1 To take your hungry, your tired, your poor and stratify them, is the real promise of the Statue of Liberty; but if a race and class-based pecking order divides New York as never before, this city is, in a phrase from John Ashbery’s most famous poem, ‘alive with filiations, shuttlings’. (SPCM 75) The homeless prowl the West Eighties in hopes of better pickings, while in the galleries urban refuse turns into art: self-divided, New York is also uniquely self-reflexive.
Anti-rheumatic agent auranofin induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib through both Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms (2014)

Resistance to Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an emerging problem for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). T315I mutation in the Bcr-Abl is the predominant mechanism of the acquired resistance to IM and second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Therefore it is urgent to search for new measures to overcome TKI-resistance. Auranofin (AF), clinically used to treat rheumatic arthritis, was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration for Phase II clinical trial to treat cancer. In contrast to the reports that AF induces apoptosis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, our recent study revealed that AF-induced apoptosis depends on inhibition of proteasomal deubiquitinases (UCHL5 and USP14). Here we report that (i) AF induces apoptosis in both Bcr-Abl wild-type cells and Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation cells and inhibits the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in vivo; (ii) AF inhibits Bcr-Abl through both downregulation of Bcr-Abl gene expression and Bcr-Abl cleavage mediated by proteasome inhibition-induced caspase activation; (iii) proteasome inhibition but not ROS is required for AF-induced caspase activation and apoptosis. These findings support that AF overcomes IM resistance through both Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms, providing great clinical significance for cancer treatment.
An application of IEEE 1588 to Industrial Automation (2008)

This paper describes an application of the IEEE 1588 standard to industrial automation. Key application use cases are identified that can benefit from time-based control techniques to improve performance results over traditional control methods. A brief discussion of how the 1588 standard may be adopted suitable to these applications. Application problems specific to industrial automation are enumerated and candidate solutions described.
Capacity Limits of Full-Duplex Cellular Network (2019)

This paper aims to characterize the capacity limits of a wireless cellular network with a full-duplex (FD) base-station (BS) and half-duplex user terminals, in which three independent messages are communicated: the uplink message $m_1$ from the uplink user to the BS, the downlink message $m_2$ from the BS to the downlink user, and the device-to-device (D2D) message $m_3$ from the uplink user to the downlink user. From an information theoretical perspective, the overall network can be viewed as a generalization of the FD relay broadcast channel with a side message transmitted from the relay to the destination. We begin with a simpler case that involves the uplink and downlink transmissions of $(m_1,m_2)$ only, and propose an achievable rate region based on a novel strategy that uses the BS as a FD relay to facilitate the interference cancellation at the downlink user. We also prove a new converse, which is strictly tighter than the cut-set bound, and characterize the capacity region of the scalar Gaussian FD network without a D2D message to within a constant gap. This paper further studies a general setup wherein $(m_1,m_2,m_3)$ are communicated simultaneously. To account for the D2D message, we incorporate Marton's broadcast coding into the previous scheme to obtain a larger achievable rate region than the existing ones in the literature. We also improve the cut-set bound by means of genie and show that by using one of the two simple rate-splitting schemes, the capacity region of the scalar Gaussian FD network with a D2D message can already be reached to within a constant gap. Finally, a generalization to the vector Gaussian channel case is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of using the BS as relay in enhancing the throughput of the FD cellular network.