gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2004)

A better understanding of the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, together with influential trials aimed at treating early stages of the disease, has altered therapy. This article considers approaches that have resulted in markedly better clinical outcomes, including early diagnosis and treatment; the advent of combinations of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and agents that target cytokines; and recognition and treatment of important coexisting conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
Apical Clearance Rigid Contact Lenses Induce Corneal Steepening (2004)

: Apical clearance lenses induce corneal steepening after short-term wear. Although corneal molding is implicated as the primary factor driving the shape change, corneal edema and postlens tear film pressures can modify this response.
Stochastic geometry and wireless networks (2009)

Preface. Preface to Volume II. Contents of Volume II. Part IV Medium Access Control 1 Spatial Aloha: the Bipole Model 2 Receiver Selection in Spatial 3 Carrier Sense Multiple 4 Code Division Multiple Access in Cellular Networks Bibliographical Notes on Part IV. Part V Multihop Routing in Mobile ad Hoc Networks: 5 Optimal Routing 6 Greedy Routing 7 Time-Space Routing Bibliographical Notes on Part V. Part VI Appendix:Wireless Protocols and Architectures: 8 RadioWave Propagation 9 Signal Detection 10 Wireless Network Architectures and Protocols Bibliographical Notes on Part VI Bibliography Table of Notation Index.
Interleukin Expression after Injury and the Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (2013)

Ligament healing follows a series of complex coordinated events involving various cell types, cytokines, as well as other factors, producing a mechanically inferior tissue more scar-like than native tissue. Macrophages provide an ongoing source of cytokines to modulate inflammatory cell adhesion and migration as well as fibroblast proliferation. Studying interleukins inherent to ligament healing during peak macrophage activation and angiogenesis may elucidate inflammatory mediators involved in subsequent scar formation. Herein, we used a rat healing model assayed after surgical transection of their medial collateral ligaments (MCLs). On days 3 and 7 post-injury, ligaments were collected and used for microarray analysis. Of the 12 significantly modified interleukins, components of the interleukin-1 family were significantly up-regulated. We therefore examined the influence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on MCL healing. Transected rat MCLs received PBS or IL-1Ra at the time of surgery. Inhibition of IL-1 activation decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-2, and IFN-γ), myofibroblasts, and proliferating cells, as well as increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), endothelial cells/blood vessel lumen, M2 macrophages, and granulation tissue size without compromising the mechanical properties. These results support the concept that IL-1Ra modulates MCL-localized granulation tissue components and cytokine production to create a transient environment that is less inflammatory. Overall, IL-1Ra may have therapeutic potential early in the healing cascade by stimulating the M2 macrophages and altering the granulation tissue components. However, the single dose of IL-1Ra used in this study was insufficient to maintain the more regenerative early response. Due to the transient influence on most of the healing components tested, IL-1Ra may have greater therapeutic potential with sustained delivery.
The Calorimetric-respirometric Ratio: Its Potential as a Cytotoxicity Test (1994)

The ratio between heat flux and oxygen flux, the calorimetric ratio, is an enthalpy budget device used to identify anaerobic pathways in the presence of respiration. Ratios that are more exothermic (i.e. more negative) than the average for catabolic substrates (-450kJ mol O 2 ± 5%; Thornton's rule), are usual for cells established in culture, including suspension-adapted LS-L929 mouse fibroblasts. A common reason for this is a high level of glycolysis, to produce lactate, simultaneously with aerobic pathways. To test the idea that the calorimetric-respirometric (CR) ratio is a revealing cytotoxic endpoint, LS cells grown in serum-rich medium were insulted with known metabolic poisons. Malonate, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and a mixture of antimycin A and rotenone increased the CR ratio to degrees largely explained by greater lactate flux, the CR700 values being 22μM malonate, 56μM 2,4-DNP and, for the mixture, 2μM antimycin A and 5μM rotenone. Higher concentrations of 2,4-DNP gave an “exothermic gap” for which there was no explained pathway. Iodoacetate decreased the CR ratio while inhibiting glycolysis, a result which can be explained by the hypothesis that substrates available in the serum were degraded by mitochondrial pathways and thereby substituted for the normal input from the Krebs cycle, which had been arrested by pyruvate starvation. In a balanced salt solution containing only 5.5mM glucose, the metabolic rate slowed and the CR ratio was more exothermic (CR700 = 6μM), giving a “gap” for which there was no explanation. Ten MEIC chemicals gave CR700 endpoints which closely corresponded to the order of toxicity for a battery of tests using animal cells. The CR method thus provides a good basis for investigating the mechanisms by which chemicals have toxic effects on cells.
An Overview of Hardware-Based Acceleration of Biological Sequence Alignment (2011)

An Overview of Hardware-Based Acceleration of Biological Sequence Alignment 9
Endotoxin signal transduction in macrophages (1996)

Through its action on macrophages, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin can trigger responses that are protective or injurious to the host. This review examines the effects of LPS on macrophages by following events from the cell surface to the nucleus. The involvement of protein tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C, G proteins, protein kinase A, ceramide-activated protein kinase, and microtubules in this process are reviewed. At the nuclear level, rel, C/EBP, Ets, Egr, fos, and jun family members have been implicated in activation of LPS-inducible gene expression.
An Improved Quantile Regression Neural Network for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (2018)

Accurate and reliable load forecasting is essential for decision-making processes in the electric power industry. As the power industry transitions toward decarbonization, distributed energy systems, and integration of smart grid features, an increasing number of decision-making processes rely on uncertainty analysis of electric load. However, traditional point forecasting cannot address the uncertainties with only one forecasting value generated at each time step. As they are capable of representing uncertainties, probabilistic forecasts such as prediction intervals and quantile forecasts are preferred. Nevertheless, their practical application is limited partly due to the long training time of multiple probabilistic forecasting models. Traditional quantile regression neural network (QRNN) can train a single model for making quantile forecasts for multiple quantiles at one time. Whereas, the training cost is still unaffordable with large datasets. This paper proposes an improved QRNN (iQRNN) to address the issues of traditional QRNN, which incorporates popular techniques in deep learning areas. A case study on a publicly available dataset shows that not only can the proposed iQRNN generate remarkably superior quantile forecasts than state-of-the-art methods, but also the proposed iQRNN is more accurate, stable, and computationally efficient than traditional QRNN.
Presentation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> antigens by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes independent of listeriolysin secretion and virulence (1994)

Virulence and intracellular persistence of Listeria monocytogenes markedly depend on secretion of listeriolysin (Hly), which promotes invasion of the pathogen from the endosome into the cytosol. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that Hly also facilitates recognition of listerial antigens, in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, by CD8 T lymphocytes. Data presented here confirm that the Hly-deficient strains, the prfA- mutant L. monocytogenes SLCC53 and the transposon mutants L. monocytogenes M3 and M20 are avirulent for mice, and unable to replicate inside bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi). Furthermore, BMM phi infected with M3, M20 or SLCC53 were as efficiently lysed as BMM phi infected with the Hly-positive wild-type strain EGD by MHC class I-dependent CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction method, hly mRNA was detectable in BMM phi infected with L. monocytogenes EGD or SLCC53, but totally absent in M3-infected BMM phi. In the case of M20, an excision of the transposon occurred, but the excision was not precise and the hly gene was approximately 400 base pairs shorter. These findings argue against a unique role for Hly in MHC class I presentation of listerial antigens, although Hly appears central to virulence and intracellular replication. Thus, virulence of L. monocytogenes is dissociable from MHC class I presentation of listerial antigens.
Unconventional Use of Intense Pulsed Light (2014)

According to the literature, intense pulsed light (IPL) represents a versatile tool in the treatment of some dermatological conditions (i.e., pigmentation disorders, hair removal, and acne), due to its wide range of wavelengths. The authors herein report on 58 unconventional but effective uses of IPL in several cutaneous diseases, such as rosacea (10 cases), port-wine stain (PWS) (10 cases), disseminated porokeratosis (10 cases), pilonidal cyst (3 cases), seborrheic keratosis (10 cases), hypertrophic scar (5 cases) and keloid scar (5 cases), Becker's nevus (2 cases), hidradenitis suppurativa (2 cases), and sarcoidosis (1 case). Our results should suggest that IPL could represent a valid therapeutic support and option by providing excellent outcomes and low side effects, even though it should be underlined that the use and the effectiveness of IPL are strongly related to the operator's experience (acquired by attempting at least one specific course on the use of IPL and one-year experience in a specialized centre). Moreover, the daily use of these devices will surely increase clinical experience and provide new information, thus enhancing long-term results and improving IPL effectiveness.
E−H Bond Activation Reactions (E = H, C, Si, Ge) at Ruthenium: Terminal Phosphides, Silylenes, and Germylenes (2009)

The placement of a strongly trans-influencing ligand on a ruthenium center opposite an anchoring silyl group of the tetradentate tripodal tris(phosphino)silyl ligand, [SiPPh3]− ([SiPPh3]− = tris(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)silyl), has been explored. Installation of alkyl or terminal phosphide ligands trans to the anchoring silyl group affords the complexes [SiPPh3]RuR (R = Me (2), CH2Ph (4), PPh2 (5), PiPr2 (6)). Complexes 2, 4, and 5 are thermally unstable. Complexes 2 and 4 decay to the cyclometalated complex [SiPPh2P′Ph]Ru (3), whereas complex 5 decays to the cyclometalated phosphine adduct [SiPPh2P′Ph]Ru(PHPh2) (7). Complex 3 is found to effect E−H (E = H, C, Si, Ge) bond activation of substrates such as secondary silanes and germanes to yield the structurally unusual silylene complexes [SiPPh3]Ru(H)(SiRR′) (R = R′ = Ph (10a), R = Ph R′ = Me (10b)) and the germylene complex [SiPPh3]Ru(H)(GeR2) (R = Ph) (11) via double E−H activation transformations. Both theory and experiments suggest electrophilic character at the silylene moiety. Reaction of 3 with catecholborane, in contrast to silanes and germanes, results in insertion of the B−H unit into the M−C bond of the cyclometalated species to yield the borate complex [SiPPh2PPh-B(cat)]Ru(μ-H) (14). Complex 3 also reacts with bis(catecholato)diboron to yield a similar complex, [SiPPh2PC6H3B(cat)-B(cat)]Ru(μ-H) (15), with selective borylation of an ortho C−H bond.
The Blockchain Revolution: Decoding Digital Currencies (2022)

Cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance have grown considerably since the publication of the white paper on bitcoin in 2009. This article presents an overview of cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and their applications, explaining the spirit of the enterprise and how it compares with traditional operations.
Practical Offline Rendering of Woven Cloth (2016)

The techniques for rendering woven cloth employed in a production environment often neglect many of the structural features of the fabric, as well as light-scattering processes that occur in the yarn. Research in this area has progressed, and new promising methods have recently been proposed; however, many of these are not applied in practice due to their inherent complexities. In this paper, we develop and implement a shader for woven cloth that fulfills some of the needs of a production environment using an existing model for simulating the interaction with light. The shader delivers highly realistic results that are comparable, and in some cases superior, to current methods used in a real production environment. We enriched and validated the proposed framework by using direct feedback from a large company that produces images of furniture using computer graphics. The results demonstrate that our shader accurately simulates the appearance of certain types of woven cloth, showing reflections that are not present in other methods in current use. Our shader is easy to integrate in existing pipelines, flexible because it provides the artist with enough parameters to recreate many different types of fabric, and generic for the domain of woven cloth because it is able to accept as input widely used WIF files, which describe weave patterns as well as yarn specific parameters.
10.4 A 12Gb/s 0.9mW/Gb/s wide-bandwidth injection-type CDR in 28nm CMOS with reference-free frequency capture (2016)

The consumer electronics market demands high-speed and low-power serial data interfaces. The injection locked oscillator (ILO) based clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit [1-2], is a well-known solution for these demands. The typical solution has at least two oscillators: a master and one or more slaves. The master, a replica of the data path ILO, is part of a phase locked loop (PLL) used to correct the oscillator free-running frequency (FRF). The slave ILO phase locks to the incoming data but uses the frequency control from the master. Any FRF difference between the master and slave, such as that caused by PVT or mismatch, reduces the receiver performance. One solution to the reduced performance [3] uses burst data and corrects the FRF between bursts. However, for continuous data, injection forces the recovered clock frequency to match the incoming data rate, masking any FRF error from the frequency detector. Existing solutions [4-5] use a phase detector (PD) to measure the FRF. However, any static phase offset between the PD lock point and the ILO lock point causes the frequency control algorithm to converge incorrectly. Static phase offset can be caused by mismatch, PVT, or layout. This paper describes an ILO-type CDR, called the frequency-capturing ILO (FCILO), that eliminates the master oscillator and combines the ILO and PLL [6] type CDRs, realizing the benefit of both. The ILO gives wide bandwidth and fast locking while the PLL gives wide frequency capture range. The CDR architecture, shown in Fig 10.4.2, has a half-rate ILO, data and edge samplers making a bang-bang phase detector (BBPD), two 2:10 demuxes, and independent digital phase and frequency control. The ILO is made from current-starved inverters and driven by an edge detector. The ILO has coarse and fine frequency tuning. The strength of the unit inverter of the oscillator is adjusted for coarse tuning, keeping the normalized gain and delay constant over a wide range of frequencies. A current DAC is used for fine tuning. The edge detector shorts the ILO differential nodes together to align clock and data transitions. The BBPD outputs are used by the digital phase and frequency control to determine if ILO edges are early or late with respect to the incoming data and to correct the ILO FRF. A variable delay circuit controls the timing between data and clock inputs to the BBPD, correcting the static phase offset between the PD and ILO lock points.
A Review on EEG-Based Automatic Sleepiness Detection Systems for Driver (2018)

Electroencephalography-based sleepiness detection system (ESDS) is a brain-computer interface that evaluates a driver's sleepiness level directly from cerebral activity. The goals of ESDS research are to estimate and produce a timely warning to prevent declines in performance efficiency and to inhibit sleepiness-related accidents. We first, review different types of measures used in sleepiness detection systems (SDSs) and presents their advantages and drawbacks. Second, the review includes several techniques proposed in ESDSs to optimize the number of EEG electrodes, increasing the sleepiness level resolution and incorporation of circadian information. Finally, the review discusses future direction that can be considered in the development of ESDS.
Clonazepam prophylaxis and busulfan-related myoclonic epilepsy in autografted acute leukemia patients. (1996)

A prospective neurological and electroencephalographic (EEG) study was performed in sixteen leukemia patients receiving busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide before autologous bone marrow transplantation. All patients were given anticonvulsant prophylaxis with a combination of phenobarbital (PB) and clonazepam (CLZ). Neurological examination and EEG were performed prior to and soon after completion of BU treatment and were repeated two months later. No tonic-clonic and/or myoclonic convulsions were observed. In two patients, comparison of EEG recorded before and upon completion of BU administration revealed modification of features. EEG re-evaluated two months after BU showed normalization in one of the two patients. BU may trigger both generalized and myoclonic seizures together with EEG abnormalities; PB combined with CLZ may be useful prophylactic treatment.
Events-To-Video: Bringing Modern Computer Vision to Event Cameras (2019)

Event cameras are novel sensors that report brightness changes in the form of asynchronous “events” instead of intensity frames. They have significant advantages over conventional cameras: high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and no motion blur. Since the output of event cameras is fundamentally different from conventional cameras, it is commonly accepted that they require the development of specialized algorithms to accommodate the particular nature of events. In this work, we take a different view and propose to apply existing, mature computer vision techniques to videos reconstructed from event data. We propose a novel recurrent network to reconstruct videos from a stream of events, and train it on a large amount of simulated event data. Our experiments show that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art reconstruction methods by a large margin (> 20%) in terms of image quality. We further apply off-the-shelf computer vision algorithms to videos reconstructed from event data on tasks such as object classification and visual-inertial odometry, and show that this strategy consistently outperforms algorithms that were specifically designed for event data. We believe that our approach opens the door to bringing the outstanding properties of event cameras to an entirely new range of tasks. A video of the experiments is available at https://youtu.be/IdYrC4cUO0I.
Fault Ride-Through of Large Wind Farms Using Series Dynamic Braking Resistors (March 2007) (2007)

Fault ride-through (FRT) is required for large wind farms in most power systems. Fixed speed wind turbines (FSWTs) are a diminishing but significant sector in the fast-growing wind turbine (WT) market. State-of-art techniques applied to meet grid requirements for FSWT wind farms are blade pitching and dynamic reactive power compensation (RPC). Blade pitching is constrained by the onerous mechanical loads imposed on a wind turbine during rapid power restoration. Dynamic RPC is constrained by its high capital cost. These present technologies can therefore be limiting, especially when connecting to smaller power systems. A novel alternative technology is proposed that inserts series resistance into the generation circuit. The series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) dissipates active power and boosts generator voltage, potentially displacing the need for pitch control and dynamic RPC. This paper uses a representative wind farm model to study the beneficial effect of SDBR compared to dynamic RPC. This is achieved by quasi-steady-state characterization and transient FRT stability simulations. The analysis shows that SDBR can substantially improve the FRT performance of a FSWT wind farm. It also shows that a small resistance, inserted for less than one
Exertional heat injury and gene expression changes: a DNA microarray analysis study (2004)

This study examined gene expression changes associated with exertional heat injury (EHI) in vivo and compared these changes to in vitro heat shock responses previously reported by our laboratory. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RNA was obtained from four male Marine recruits (ages 17-19 yr) who presented with symptoms consistent with EHI, core temperatures ranging from 39.3 to 42.5 degrees C, and elevations in serum enzymes such as creatine kinase. Controls were age- and gender-matched Marines from whom samples were obtained before and several days after an intense field-training exercise in the heat ("The Crucible"). Expression analysis was performed on Affymetrix arrays (containing approximately 12,600 sequences) from pooled samples obtained at three times for EHI group (at presentation, 2-3 h after cooling, and 1-2 days later) and compared with control values (average signals from two chips representing pre- and post-Crucible samples). After post hoc filtering, the analysis identified 361 transcripts that had twofold or greater increases in expression at one or more of the time points assayed and 331 transcripts that had twofold or greater decreases in expression. The affected transcripts included sequences previously shown to be heat-shock responsive in PBMCs in vitro (including both heat shock proteins and non-heat shock proteins), a number of sequences whose changes in expression had not previously been noted as a result of in vitro heat shock in PBMCs (including several interferon-induced sequences), and several nonspecific stress response genes (including ubiquitin C and dual-specificity phosphatase-1). We conclude that EHI produces a broad stress response that is detectable in PBMCs and that heat stress per se can only account for some of the observed changes in transcript expression. The molecular evidence from these patients is thus consistent with the hypothesis that EHI can result from cumulative effects of multiple adverse interacting stimuli.
Properties of Coatings: Comparisons of Electroplated, Physical Vapor Deposited, Chemical Vapor Deposited, and Plasma Sprayed Coatings (1997)

Abstract Properties of coatings (structure, porosity, density, stress, corrosion, hydrogen permeation, adhesion, tribology, fatigue and thermal contact conductance) produced by a number of deposition methods including electrodeposition, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and flame spraying art; compared. In most cases, the films did not exhibit similar properties. In addition, process conditions often could be varied for any given coating process and this, in turn, would affect microstructure and hence the properties. No coating system provided best results for all these properties. In some cases, electroplated films provided superior results while in others PVD or CVD were best.