gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial audio processing MPEG surround and other applications (2007)

This book collects a wealth of information about spatial audio coding into one comprehensible volume. It is a thorough reference to the 3GPP and MPEG Parametric Stereo standards and the MPEG Surround multi-channel audio coding standard. It describes key developments in coding techniques, which is an important factor in the optimization of advanced entertainment, communications and signal processing applications. Until recently, technologies for coding audio signals, such as redundancy reduction and sophisticated source and receiver models did not incorporate spatial characteristics of source and receiving ends. Spatial audio coding achieves much higher compression ratios than conventional coders. It does this by representing multi-channel audio signals as a downmix signal plus side information that describes the perceptually-relevant spatial information. Written by experts in spatial audio coding, Spatial Audio Processing: reviews psychoacoustics (the relationship between physical measures of sound and the corresponding percepts) and spatial audio sound formats and reproduction systems; brings together the processing, acquisition, mixing, playback, and perception of spatial audio, with the latest coding techniques; analyses algorithms for the efficient manipulation of multiple, discrete and combined spatial audio channels, including both MP3 and MPEG Surround; shows how the same insights on source and receiver models can also be applied for manipulation of audio signals, such as the synthesis of virtual auditory scenes employing head-related transfer function (HRTF) processing and stereo to N-channel audio upmix. Audio processing research engineers and audio coding research and implementation engineers will find this an insightful guide. Academic audio and psychoacoustic researchers, including post-graduate and third/fourth year students taking courses in signal processing, audio and speech processing, and telecommunications, will also benefit from the information inside.
Controversy Detection in Wikipedia Using Collective Classification (2016)

Concerns over personalization in IR have sparked an interest in detection and analysis of controversial topics. Accurate detection would enable many beneficial applications, such as alerting search users to controversy. Wikipedia's broad coverage and rich metadata offer a valuable resource for this problem. We hypothesize that intensities of controversy among related pages are not independent; thus, we propose a stacked model which exploits the dependencies among related pages. Our approach improves classification of controversial web pages when compared to a model that examines each page in isolation, demonstrating that controversial topics exhibit homophily. Using notions of similarity to construct a subnetwork for collective classification, rather than using the default network present in the relational data, leads to improved classification with wider applications for semi-structured datasets, with the effects most pronounced when a small set of neighbors is used.
Reflective membrane optical scintillator: design and characterization (1990)

Amplitude distributions produced by a novel reflective membrane optical scintillator (RMOS) showed excellent statistical agreement with experimental field data taken from actual atmospheric measurements. Laboratory simulated atmospheric turbulence using RMOS was found to have a log-normal amplitude distribution. This included two test cases representing subsets of real weak turbulence and moderate turbulence regimes.
Advanced imaging through fov and aperture manipulation (2007)

High-resolution, wide field of view (FOV), and high dynamic range (HDR) imaging is highly desirable in many applications. A conventional imager, however, is limited in all of these aspects. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of four different imaging systems which use optical methods to manipulate camera FOV and aperture for enhancing the FOV, dynamic range, and resolution of conventional imagers. 
The first system is a planar-mirror-based panoramic camera that is capable of acquiring nearly hemispherical FOV panoramic images at high and substantially uniform resolution, from a single viewpoint, at video rates. The camera consists of multiple image sensors and a hexagonal prism made of planar mirror faces. The sensors are positioned in such a way that they image different parts of the scene from the same virtual viewpoint. A panoramic image is constructed by concatenating the images taken by different sensors. 
The second system is a depth sensing system composed of a single camera, and a transparent plate which is placed in front of the camera and rotates or tilts about the optical axis of the camera. The camera takes a sequence of images as the plate pose changes and is capable of estimating depth and generating superresolution images. 
The third system uses an optical apparatus to externally access both the sensor and lens aperture of a conventional camera. By controlling the aperture and sensor, the proposed system is capable of improving various aspects of imaging capabilities of the host camera. 
The fourth system is an HDR imaging device which uses a pair of mirrors to capture multiple copies of the same scene with different exposures. An HDR image is constructed by fusing all the copies together. Compared with other existing techniques, the advantages of the proposed method are: (1) the mirrors can be treated as an accessory of a regular camera as the mirrors are placed in front of the camera, and (2) it is capable of capturing HDR images in real time using only a single camera.
A drive system to add standing mobility to a manual standing wheelchair (2016)

Current manual standing wheelchairs are not mobile in the standing position. The addition of standing mobility may lead to improved health and function for the user and may increase utilization of standing wheelchairs. In this project, a chain drive system was fitted to a manual standing wheelchair, adding mobility in the standing position. The hand rims are accessible from both seated and standing positions. The prototype uses 16-inch drive wheels in front with casters in the rear. Additional anterior casters are elevated when seated for navigating obstacles and then descend when standing to create a six-wheeled base with extended anterior support. Stability testing shows the center of pressure remains within the base of support when leaning to the sides or front in both seated and standing positions. Four veterans with spinal cord injury provided feedback on the design and reported that mobility during standing was very important or extremely important to them. The veterans liked the perceived stability and mobility of the prototype and provided feedback for future refinements. For example, reducing the overall width (width from hand rim to hand rim) and weight could make this system more functional for users.
Purification, Properties, and Characterization of Recombinant <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Strain C5 DoxA, a Cytochrome P-450 Catalyzing Multiple Steps in Doxorubicin Biosynthesis (1999)

DoxA is a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase involved in the late stages of daunorubicin and doxorubicin biosynthesis that has a broad substrate specificity for anthracycline glycone substrates. Recombinant DoxA was purified to homogeneity from Streptomyces lividans transformed with a plasmid containing the Streptomyces sp. strain C5 doxA gene under the control of the strong SnpR-activated snpA promoter. The purified enzyme was a monomeric, soluble protein with an apparent Mr of 47,000. Purified DoxA catalyzed the 13-hydroxylation of 13-deoxydaunorubicin, the 13-oxidation of 13-dihydrocarminomycin and 13-dihydrodaunorubicin, and the 14-hydroxylation of daunorubicin. The pH optimum for heme activation was pH 7.5, and the temperature optimum was 30 degreesC. The kcat/Km values for the oxidation of anthracycline substrates by purified DoxA, incubated with appropriate electron-donating components, were as follows: for 13-deoxydaunorubicin, 22,000 M-1 x s-1; for 13-dihydrodaunorubicin, 14,000 M-1 x s-1; for 13-dihydrocarminomycin, 280 M-1 x s-1; and for daunorubicin, 130 M-1 x s-1. Our results indicate that the conversion of daunorubicin to doxorubicin by this enzyme is not a favored reaction and that the main anthracycline flux through the late steps of the daunorubicin biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by DoxA is likely directed through the 4-O-methyl series of anthracyclines.
Gun barrel vibration absorber to increase accuracy (2001)

Abstract : Gun barrel vibrations lead to dispersion in the shot patterns Thus, reducing these vibrations should lead to increased accuracy. Since the muzzle is the anti-node for all vibration modes and its vibrations have the greatest effect on shot dispersion. it is the obvious location to attempt to dampen the vibrations A model of the gun barrel was created in MATLAB(registered) and verified by modal impact testing. Modal impact testing was done for the barrel alone and for three different muzzle brake vibration absorber configurations. Additionally the gun was fired with and without the absorber to determine its performance. Significant reduction in shot dispersion was observed.
Complex modulation computer-generated hologram by a fast hybrid point-source/wave-field approach (2015)

We propose a fast Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH) computation method based on a hybrid point-source/wave-field approach. Whereas previously proposed methods tried to reduce the computational complexity of the point-source or the wave-field approaches independently, our method uses the two approaches together and therefore takes advantages from both of them. The algorithm consists of three steps. First, the 3D scene is sliced into several depth layers parallel to the hologram plane. Then, for each layer, we compute the complex wave scattered by this layer either using a wave-field or a point-source approach according to a threshold criterion on the number of points within the layer. Finally, we sum up the complex waves scattered by all the depth layers in order to obtain the final CGH. Experimental results reveal that this combination of approaches does not produce any visible artifact and outperforms both the point-source and wave-field approaches.
Rapid Detection and Simultaneous Antibiotic Susceptibility Analysis of Yersinia pestis Directly from Clinical Specimens by Use of Reporter Phage (2014)

Yersinia pestis is a tier 1 agent due to its contagious pneumopathogenicity, extremely rapid progression, and high mortality rate. As the disease is usually fatal without appropriate therapy, rapid detection from clinical matrices is critical to patient outcomes. We previously engineered the diagnostic phage ΦA1122 with luxAB to create a "light-tagged" reporter phage. ΦA1122::luxAB rapidly detects Y. pestis in pure culture and human serum by transducing a bioluminescent signal response. In this report, we assessed the analytical specificity of the reporter phage and investigated diagnostic utility (detection and antibiotic susceptibility analysis) directly from spiked whole blood. The bioreporter displayed 100% (n = 59) inclusivity for Y. pestis and consistent intraspecific signal transduction levels. False positives were not obtained from species typically associated with bacteremia or those relevant to plague diagnosis. However, some non-pestis Yersinia strains and Enterobacteriaceae did elicit signals, albeit at highly attenuated transduction levels. Diagnostic performance was assayed in simple broth-enriched blood samples and standard aerobic culture bottles. In blood, <10(2) CFU/ml was detected within 5 h. In addition, Y. pestis was identified directly from positive blood cultures within 20 to 45 min without further processing. Importantly, coincubation of blood samples with antibiotics facilitated simultaneous antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. Consequently, the reporter phage demonstrated rapid detection and antibiotic susceptibility profiling directly from clinical samples, features that may improve patient prognosis during plague outbreaks.
[Cyclic] [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin analogs with increased affinity and selectivity for .delta.-opioid receptors (1990)

The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by halogenation (F, Cl, Br, I) of the phenylalanine-4 residue in the para position. The potency and selectivity of these analogues for the delta opioid receptor was greater than that of the parent peptide. The analogues possessed greater potency and affinity for the delta receptors than DPDPE in the mouse vas deferens assay and in radioreceptor assays (against [3H]DPDPE), respectively. [p-ClPhe4]DPDPE was the most selective in the radioligand binding assays (IC50(mu)/IC50(delta) = 574), being about 5-fold more delta opioid receptor selective than DPDPE in this assay, whereas [p-IPhe4]DPDPE was the most selective in the classical bioassay systems using the mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum assays (IC50(GPI)/IC50(MVD) = 17,374), making it nearly 9-fold more selective than DPDPE in direct comparisons using the same assay conditions.
A model for Doppler peak spectral shift for low grazing angle sea scatter (1985)

A model is formulated for Doppler spectral characteristics of radar sea scatter for low grazing angles, and is compared with previous radar measurements reported in the literature. The Doppler model is based upon the two-scale model for radar scatter, with scatterer motions hypothesized as due to the orbital wave velocity of the large-scale waves, Stokes and wind drift currents, and the phase velocity of the small-scale Bragg scatterers. Expressions for Doppler shifts due to these motions are derived, and are given as a function of wave height, wave period, and wind speed. Although this model appears to account for the peak Doppler shift of the sea-scatter Doppler spectrum for vertical polarization, it is insufficient to describe horizontally and cross-polarized data, which have larger mean Doppler shifts. However, these two cases are found to scale very closely with the nearly simultaneous vertically polarized data for the variety of environmental conditions reported. Implications of the extension of these results to higher-angle remote-sensing applications are discussed.
Biomedical Sensing With Conductively Coupled Terahertz Metamaterial Resonators (2016)

Metamaterials that can support ultrasharp resonances using conductively coupled split ring resonators are potential candidates for designing label-free biomedical sensors. The sharp spectral response, as well as the ability to confine the field, increases the interaction between the electromagnetic field and unidentified analytes. A sensitivity level of 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> nm/RIU/unit-volume is achieved when the whole area of the sensor is covered with the analyte. More interestingly, we demonstrate that the sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by a factor of 19 reaching a value of 5.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> nm/RIU/unit-volume when selected spots are covered with the analyte. These results will pave the way for designing practical biomedical sensors in the terahertz frequency range.
Regioselective C−H Xanthylation as a Platform for Polyolefin Functionalization (2018)

Polyolefins that contain polar functional groups are important materials for next-generation lightweight engineering thermoplastics. Post-polymerization modification is an ideal method for the incorporation of polar groups into branched polyolefins; however, it typically results in chain scission events, which have deleterious effects on polymer properties. Herein, we report a metal-free method for radical-mediated C-H xanthylation that results in the regioselective functionalization of branched polyolefins without coincident polymer-chain scission. This method enables a tunable degree of polymer functionalization and capitalizes on the versatility of the xanthate functional group to unlock a wide variety of C-H transformations previously inaccessible on branched polyolefins.
Collective Encoding and Iterative Soft-Decision Decoding of Cyclic Codes of Prime Lengths in Galois-Fourier Transform Domain (2018)

This paper presents a novel coding scheme for collective encoding and collective iterative soft-decision decoding of cyclic codes of prime lengths in Galois-Fourier transform (GFT) domain. The encoding of a cyclic code is performed on a collection of codewords which are mapped through composition, Hadamard permutations, and GFT into a codeword in an LDPC code with a binary parity-check matrix for transmission. Using this matrix, binary iterative decoding is applied to jointly decode a collection of codewords in the cyclic code. The joint-decoding allows reliability information sharing among the received vectors corresponding to the transmitted codewords in the collection during the iterative decoding process. This joint-decoding and information sharing can achieve a joint-decoding gain over the maximum likelihood decoding of individual codewords. The binary iterative decoding can be performed efficiently and reduces the decoding complexity significantly.
Solid-Phase Capture of Proteins, Spores, and Bacteria (2001)

Current methods for the detection of pathogens in food and water samples generally require a preenrichment step that allows selective enrichment of the test organism. The objective of this research was to eliminate an enrichment step to allow detection of bacteria directly in food and water samples in 30 min. A high-flow-rate, fluidized bed to capture and concentrate large (bacteria and spores) and small (protein) molecules was developed. This format, ImmunoFlow, is volume independent and uses large beads (greater than 3 mm in diameter) when capturing bacteria to prevent sample clogging when testing food samples. Detection of bound targets was done using existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocols. Four antibodies (anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7, -Bacillus globigii, -bovine serum albumin [BSA], and -ovalbumin [OVA]) were covalently coupled to various glass and ceramic beads. Very small amounts of BSA (<1 ng) and OVA (0.2 to 4.0 microg) were detected. Various industrial and environmental samples were used to observe the effect of the sample composition on the capture of anti-B. globigii and anti-E. coli O157:H7 modified beads. The lower limit of detection for both E. coli O157:H7 and B. globigii was 1 spore/cell independent of the sample size. The activity of anti-B. globigii modified beads declined after 3 days. Anti-E. coli O157:H7 modified beads declined in their capture ability after 2 days in various storage buffers. Storage temperature (4 and 25 degrees C) did not influence the stability. The ImmunoFlow technology is capable of capturing bacteria and spores directly from samples, with subsequent detection in an ELISA format in 30 min.
Rivaroxaban Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (COMPASS-PCI) (2020)

DPI compared with aspirin produced consistent reductions in MACE and mortality but with increased major bleeding with or without previous PCI. Among those with previous PCI 1 year and beyond, the effects on MACE and mortality were consistent irrespective of time since last PCI. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01776424.
A Perceptually Motivated Method to Control Reconstruction Errors in Gradient-based Image Compositing (2009)

We propose a simple algorithm to control the spatial location of reconstruction errors inherent in gradient-based image compositing. We build upon the classical Poisson equation and add a weighting term that controls where reconstruction errors can occur. We define this term in such a way that residuals are mainly located in textured regions where they are less visible. Our approach is independent of how the composited gradient field has been built and is complementary to the methods that focus on this aspect. Our approach retains the simplicity of the traditional Poisson equation while producing more pleasing composites. 1.
A PSO Based Memory Polynomial Predistorter With Embedded Dimension Estimation (2013)

Power amplifiers are widely used in RF broadcasting applications. However, they tend to exhibit nonlinear behavior that distorts the input signals both in the time and frequency domains, consequently motivating the development of techniques, such as digital predistortion, which can counteract this behavior. Among the challenges facing the identification of an amplifier's digital predistorter and behavioral model is finding the correct model dimensions, as this requires a priori knowledge of multiple parameters. In this paper, a predistorter based on a cluster-based implementation particle swarm optimization technique with embedded model-size estimation capability is presented. The validation of the proposed technique on a Doherty power amplifier prototype demonstrates its ability to efficiently find the dimensions of a memory polynomial based digital predistorter, while accurately estimating its coefficients.
Video classification using transform coefficients (1999)

This paper describes techniques for classifying video frames using statistical models of reduced DCT or Hadamard transform coefficients. When decimated in time and reduced using truncation or principal component analysis, transform coefficients taken across an entire frame image allow rapid modeling, segmentation and similarity calculation. Unlike color-histogram metrics, this approach models image composition and works on grayscale images. Modeling the statistics of the transformed video frame images gives a likelihood measure that allows video to be segmented, classified, and ranked by similarity for retrieval. Experiments are presented that show an 87% correct classification rate for different classes. Applications are presented including a content-aware video browser.
Quantum ellipsometry using correlated-photon beams (2004)

We report ellipsometric measurements made on semiconductor samples using photon-correlated beams produced by the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Such a source yields higher accuracy than its quantum-limited conventional counterpart. We also show that our approach has the added advantage of not requiring an external reference sample for calibration.
4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as specific PAF-acether antagonists (1990)

A new series of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit washed rabbit platelet aggregation induced by PAF-acether (1-O-hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) and to reverse PAF-induced hypotension in anesthetized rats. Additionally, compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the binding of radiolabeled PAF to its receptor on rabbit platelets. Among these compounds, 6I and 6L were the most potent and specific antagonists. At concentrations up to 100 microM, neither compound 6I nor compound 6L caused platelet aggregation nor did they inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen or adenosine diphosphate. Compound 6L did not show in vitro calcium channel blocker activity measured on vascular smooth muscle preparations of rabbit aorta and on [3H]nitrendipine binding assays. The compound did not show any cardiovascular effects in anesthetized rat at iv doses up to 1000 micrograms/kg, and the Ki value was 568.62 nmol. These results indicate that compound 6L is a potent and specific PAF antagonist with 1,4-dihydropyridine structure but devoid of a significant cardiovascular activity related to calcium-antagonist properties.