gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Prostate Specific Molecules in Bacille Calmette‐Guerin: An Immunotherapeutic Approach to Prostate Cancer (2001)

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective is to develop an immunotherapeutic vaccine for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Results: Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) were engineered to express prostate specific antigen (PSA) or prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Western blotting techniques indicate that recombinant BCG (rBCG) express approximately 25 ng PSA or 112 pg PSMA per 1 μg microgram of protein in rBCG bacterial lysates. Discussion: BCG, the vaccine for tuberculosis, is a potent immunologic adjuvant stimulating both the humoral and cell‐mediated immune systems. Prostate cancer patients can generate cytotoxic lymphocytes against specific peptides from normal, self‐molecules such as PSA and PSMA. Therefore, a rBCG vaccine that expresses prostate specific proteins may stimulate an immune response to recognize and destroy prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: BCG can be engineered to express prostate specific molecules and may be useful as an immunotherapeutic vaccine against prostate cancer.
A Novel Approach for Making Dynamic Range Measurements in Radio Frequency Front Ends for Software Controlled Radio Architectures (2007)

A novel setup to perform two-tone spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) measurements on a mixer using a single analog input port is introduced. When access to the intermediate frequency (IF) port in a radio frequency (RF) front-end circuit is not available, the traditional two-port method for making an SFDR measurement is inadequate. Passing the analog input through a directional coupler between the RF combiner and the mixer facilitates the performance of the traditional third order intermodulation (IMD) test. Key differences between the single-port and traditional two-port setups are explained, and experimental data obtained using the single-port setup is compared to data obtained using the traditional two-port setup for two different mixer models. This data confirms that while the single-port approach yields similar results, a calibration to account for the additional losses introduced by the directional coupler is needed.
Free kappa light chains in multiple sclerosis spinal fluid (1986)

Based on prior reports of free light chains of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we quantitated free kappa and lambda chains and whole IgG concentrations using sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs). The RIA for free kappa chains had a sensitivity of 0.25 micrograms/ml and was capable of specifically measuring free kappa chains in whole CSF or serum even in the presence of a 4-log excess of whole IgG. By RIA, free kappa chains were detected in CSF samples from 33 (84%) of 39 MS patients but in only 1 (2.4%) of 42 controls. The control patients included 10 with noninfectious inflammatory diseases and 9 with central nervous system infections. The concentration of free kappa chains in the CSF of the MS patients was 1.40 +/- 1.21 micrograms/ml. Free kappa chains were concentrated in the CSF 71- to 120-fold relative to reference proteins. In contrast, increased levels of free lambda chains or of whole IgG were nonspecific; abnormalities were seen in controls with infections or inflammatory diseases as often as in MS patients. These studies suggest that the measurement of free kappa light chains may have important diagnostic usefulness, since the specificity of the finding for MS appears to be high.
Efficient and Reproducible Retroviral Infection of Primary Human Natural Killer Cells. (2004)

Abstract Molecular characterization of human natural killer (NK) cells will require targeted gene delivery to inhibit and activate specific signaling pathways, yet to our knowledge, an effective means to deliver such products for long-term gene expression without disrupting normal cellular processes has not been described. In this study we have developed a retroviral strategy to effectively express gene products in the NK cell, whereby its effector functions of cytotoxicity and cytokine production remain intact. Using an EBV/retroviral hybrid vector PINCO, we demonstrate infection of human peripheral blood NK cells with simultaneous expression of a marker for infection - the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) - along with various genes of interest. This technique results in successful infection of the CD56dim NK population that predominates among human peripheral blood NK and is the effector of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killing. In addition, we demonstrate infection of the CD56bright NK subset as well as the NK-92 and NK-L cell lines. Finally, we modify PINCO to express a cytoplasmically truncated murine CD8 molecule in place of GFP. The resulting vector enables us to transduce NK cells with multiple genes of interest simultaneously and provides an alternative purification method to FACS by using magnetic beads. In summary, we have devised an efficient and highly reproducible methodology for the targeted delivery of gene products to human NK cells that should now provide opportunities to dissect the molecular processes critical to normal NK cell physiology and to genetically manipulate NK cell populations prior to their administration in cancer therapy.
Validation of a centrifugal microfluidic sample lysis and homogenization platform for nucleic acidextraction with clinical samples (2009)

The applications of microfluidic technologies in medical diagnostics continue to increase, particularly in the field of nucleic acid diagnostics. While much attention has been focused on the development of nucleic acid amplification and detection platforms, sample preparation is often taken for granted or ignored all together. Specifically, little or no consideration is paid to the development of microfluidic systems that efficiently extract nucleic acids from biological samples. Here, a centrifugal microfluidic platform for mechanical sample lysis and homogenization is presented. The system performs sample lysis through a magnetically actuated bead-beating system followed by a centrifugal clarification step. The supernatant is then transferred for extraction using a unique siphon. Several other new microfluidic functions are implemented on this centrifugal platform as well, including sample distribution, a unique hydraulic capillary valve, and self-venting. Additionally, the improved system has features with a small footprint designed specifically for integration with further downstream processing steps. Biological validation of the platform is performed using Bacillus subtilis spores and clinical samples (nasopharyngeal aspirates) for respiratory virus detection. The platform was found to be as efficient as in-tube bead-beating lysis and homogenization for nucleic acid extraction, and capable of processing 4 samples in batch to near PCR-ready products in under 6 min.
Development of Molecular Probes based on Firefly Bioluminescence (2008)

Firefly bioluminescence enhancement technology is discovered by confirming on rate-determining step of luciferase reaction. This technology can apply to luciferin analogues having various emission colors.
Efficient protein binders for the C-reactive protein from a designed chemically modified peptide library (2009)

A novel concept for protein recognition has been developed. The recognition unit is a hybrid molecule obtained by conjugation of a small organic molecule to a synthetic polypeptide selected from a 16-membered set of 42 amino acid residue sequences. The sequences are unordered and have no prior relation to the target proteins. The concept is based on the hypothesis that a small set of sequences capable of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions can yield a binder for any selected protein, provided that the small molecule shows medium affinity or better and is reasonably selective. The concept has been illustrated by the design, synthesis and evaluation of binders for three different proteins, the C-reactive protein, CRP, human Carbonic anhydrase II, HCAII, and Acetylcholine esterase, AChE. Highly efficient binders for CRP have been developed by conjugation of a derivative of the natural ligand, phosphocholine, to the side chain of one of the amino acids in each polypeptide. The binders in the set show a wide range of affinities for CRP and the tightest binder, 4-C10L17-PC6, binds almost irreversibly. Selected binders have been evaluated in human serum, where they capture CRP with high selectivity.High-affinity binders have been developed for HCAII, and the selectivity evaluated by extraction of the protein from blood. The binder 4-C37L34-B, a polypeptide conjugated to a spacered benzenesulphonamide residue, was able to extract Carbonic anhydrases specifically and to discriminate between the two isoforms of human Carbonic anhydrase. The conjugation of an acridine derivative to a polypeptide via a 14 atom spacer has been shown to yield a binder with high affinity and selectivity for AChE. The selectivity was demonstrated by extraction of AChE from Cerebrospinal fluid. This thesis focuses on the development of a fast and reliable procedure for the construction, selection and evaluation of protein binders, with the ambition to develop a technology that is applicable to the development of binders for all proteins.
An Immunoreactive 38-Kilodalton Protein of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Shares Structural Homology and Iron-Binding Capacity with the Ferric Ion-Binding Protein Family (2004)

Ehrlichiae are tick-transmitted, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that live and replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles, but little is known about iron acquisition mechanisms necessary for their survival. In this study, a genus-conserved immunoreactive ferric ion-binding protein (Fbp) of Ehrlichia canis was identified and its iron-binding capability was investigated. E. canis Fbp was homologous to a family of periplasmic Fbp's involved in iron acquisition and transport in gram-negative bacteria. E. canis Fbp had a molecular mass (38 kDa) consistent with those of Fbp's in other bacteria and exhibited substantial immunoreactivity in its native conformation. The predicted three-dimensional structure of E. canis Fbp demonstrated conservation of important Fbp family structural motifs: two domains linked with a polypeptide "hinge" region. Under iron-binding conditions, the recombinant Fbp exhibited an intense red color and an absorbance spectrum indicative of iron binding, and it bound Fe(III) but not Fe(II). Fbp was observed primarily in the cytoplasm of the reticulate forms of E. canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis but was notably found on extracellular morula fibers in morulae containing dense-cored organisms. Although expression of Fbp is regulated through an operon of three functionally linked genes in other gram-negative bacteria, the absence of an intact fbp operon in Ehrlichia spp. suggests that genes involved in ehrlichial iron acquisition have been subject to reductive evolution.
Spiral Winding Technology for PTFE Gaskets (2019)

Abstract PTFE is used in a variety of applications that goes from wiring in aerospace to non-stick coating in cookware. Some of the PTFE properties, such as high chemical stability and good conformability, makes it excellent for use as a gasket material, especially with aggressive media, pharma and food applications. The scope of this paper is to present an innovative PTFE gasket manufacturing method for sealing aggressive media. The patented technology represents a unique production process that improves reliability, reduces cost and material waste when compared to traditional production methods. The gasket can be tailored to meet specific needs making it possible for customizations such as radial density variations, assorted colors compositions according to the gasket region and properties, or even use of distinctive fillers along its radius. Comparative data are reported among the developed technology and traditional processes.
Iron bioavailability from ferritin as measured via an <i>in vitro</i> digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture model (2006)

The effects of ascorbic acid, phytate and tannic acid on Fe bioavailability from Fe supplied as ferritin was compared to FeSO 4 using an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell model. Horse spleen ferritin (HSF) was reconstituted into a plant‐type ferritin (P‐HSF). Both P‐HSF and FeSO 4 were subjected to in vitro digestion in the presence or absence of the above‐mentioned compounds. Overall, there was no significant differences in bioavailable Fe between P‐HSF, HSF or ferrous sulfate. Further, the addition of ascorbate (a known promoter) or the inhibitors, phytate (PA) and tannic acid (TA), or both, did not result in significant differences in bioavailable Fe relative to ferrous sulfate. In the presence of AA (molar ratio of Fe:AA, 1:20), significantly more Fe was absorbed from ferrous sulfate (~303%), HSF (~454%) and P‐HSF (~371%) compared to ferrous sulfate or ferritin without the promoters or inhibitors. PA (molar ratio of Fe:PA, 1:20), significantly reduced Fe bioavailability from ferrous sulfate (~86%), HSF (~82%) and P‐HSF (~93%) relative to ferrous sulfate or ferritin controls. Fe bioavailability was significantly decreased (~97%) from both ferrous sulfate and ferritin samples by TA (molar ratio of Fe:TA, 1:1). AA was able to partially reverse the negative effects of PA (molar ratio of Fe:PA:AA, 1:20:20) on Fe bioavailability but did not reverse the inhibiting effects of TA (molar ratio of Fe:TA:AA, 1:1:20) on Fe bioavailability from ferritin and ferrous sulfate. The results suggest that some Fe in the ferritin molecule is easily released during in vitro digestion and this freed Fe interacts with known promoters and inhibitors of Fe bioavailability.
Semantic-Driven Generation of Hyperlapse from 360 Degree Video (2017)

We present a system for converting a fully panoramic (360 degree) video into a normal field-of-view (NFOV) hyperlapse for an optimal viewing experience. Our system exploits visual saliency and semantics to non-uniformly sample in space and time for generating hyperlapses. In addition, users can optionally choose objects of interest for customizing the hyperlapses. We first stabilize an input 360 degree video by smoothing the rotation between adjacent frames and then compute regions of interest and saliency scores. An initial hyperlapse is generated by optimizing the saliency and motion smoothness followed by the saliency-aware frame selection. We further smooth the result using an efficient 2D video stabilization approach that adaptively selects the motion model to generate the final hyperlapse. We validate the design of our system by showing results for a variety of scenes and comparing against the state-of-the-art method through a large-scale user study.
Assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes residing on chromosomes 14 and 29 for association with carcass composition traits in Bos indicus cattle1,2 (2005)

Objective of this study was to assess the association of SNP in the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), thyroglobulin (TG), and micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease (CAPN1) genes with carcass composition and meat quality traits in Bos indicus cattle. A population of Brahman calves (n = 479) was developed in central Florida from 1996 to 2000. Traits analyzed were ADG, hip height, slaughter weight, fat thickness, HCW, marbling score, LM area, estimated KPH fat, yield grade, retail yield, sensory panel tenderness score, carcass hump height, and cooked meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. Single nucleotide polymorphisms previously reported in the TG and DGAT1 genes were used as markers on chromosome 14. Two previously reported and two new SNP in the CAPN1 gene were used as markers on chromosome 29. One SNP in CAPN1 was uninformative, and another one was associated with tenderness score (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of variation affecting meat tenderness. All three informative SNP at the CAPN1 gene were associated with hump height (P < 0.02). The TG marker was associated with fat thickness and LMA (P < 0.05), but not with marbling score. No significant associations of the SNP in the DGAT1 gene were observed for any trait. Allele frequencies of the SNP in TG and CAPN1 were different in this Brahman population than in reported allele frequencies in Bos taurus populations. The results suggest that the use of molecular marker information developed in Bos taurus populations to Bos indicus populations may require development of appropriate additional markers.
Transmitter design for data transmission in the presence of a data-like interferer (1995)

In many digital communications systems, crosstalk, rather than additive noise, is the primary channel impairment. For such systems, it is known that the spectral support of the optimum transmitter is not, in general, restricted to a Nyquist set, in contrast to the case for the additive-noise channel. Nevertheless, the problem of determining the optimum transmitter shaping function for the crosstalk channel without the Nyquist restriction is a difficult one, and has so far remained unsolved. Motivated by current interest in the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) and related crosstalk-dominated applications, we explore a subcase of this problem in which only a single interferer is present. When applied to HDSL-like systems with a single (or dominant) interferer, our analysis and numerical results confirm that wider-than-Nyquist transmitters provide a large performance advantage over Nyquist-limited transmitters. Several interesting and counter-intuitive results also arise. For example, PAM and QAM systems operating at the same spectral efficiency do not, in general, perform identically over the crosstalk channel, despite their essential equivalence in additive noise. We explain why this is so, and show that for channels qualitatively similar to the HDSL wire-pair, QAM has a significant advantage over PAM at high data rates. Finally, we show how the characteristics of HDSL-like channels can be exploited by optimizing the symbol rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single wavelength excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy with spectrally similar fluorophores: Resolution for binding studies (2005)

It was shown recently that fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) can be performed using a single laser wavelength for excitation (SW-FCCS) [L. C. Hwang and T. Wohland, Chem. Phys. Chem 5, 549 (2004).]. This method simplifies the FCCS setup since it does not require the simultaneous alignment of two lasers to the same focal spot. But up to now the method was shown to work only with dyes possessing large Stokes' shifts, and thus was limited to the use of quantum dots and tandem dyes. In this work we show that standard organic dyes with overlapping emission spectra, for instance fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine, can be used as fluorescent pairs in SW-FCCS. As a biological model system for ligand-receptor interactions we studied the binding of biotin to streptavidin. To investigate the applicability of SW-FCCS for binding studies we adapt the existing FCCS theory for SW-FCCS and calculate limits for the measurement of dissociation constants in dependence on sample concentration, sample purity, and spectral cross talk between the different detection channels.
16.2: Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display with Permanent Grayscales and Fast Switching (2001)

Abstract Permanent grayscales in a π bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display have been demonstrated. This display can be switched between −22.5° and 157.5° twist states by means of a combination of strong in‐plane electric fields and vertical electric field for creating both the planar anchoring breaking and an electro‐hydrodynamic flow. The switching of the twist states during the Frederiks transition is sufficiently inhomogeneous such that domains of −22.5° twisted and 157.5° twisted states are formed. The ratio of these domains can be controlled by the vertical electric field. Fast switching of 1 ms was achieved for gray scales. These grayscales have very long lifetime.
Expression of two <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> endoglucanases in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1987)

The cDNA copies of the two endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes, egl1 and egl3, from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei were expressed in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter. Active EGI and EGIII enzyme was produced and secreted by yeast into the growth medium. The recombinant EGI enzyme was larger and more heterogeneous in size than the native enzyme secreted by Trichoderma, due to differences in the extent of N-glycosylation between these two organisms. The morphology of the yeast cells producing EGI or EGIII was clearly different from control strain.
RADAR and AIS sensors constellation for global maritime surveillance (2010)

In the frame of SAMSON study (a Feasibility study of a space-based maritime surveillance system), funded by CNES, several concepts for a dual sensor RADAR + AIS (Automatic Identification System) constellation have been addressed. One of them supported by Thales Alenia Space is described in this paper. Its interest for global maritime surveillance is discussed. The constellation performance is presented in terms of revisit time and detection probability for each sensor before data fusion processing. Instruments are described as well as the proposed satellite concept.
Chiral Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Applications (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New class of sensitive and selective fluorogenic substrates for serine proteinases. Amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of rhodamine (1983)

A series of dipeptide derivatives of Rhodamine, each containing an arginine residue in the P1 position and one of ten representative benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)-blocked amino acids in the P2 position, has been synthesized, purified and characterized as substrates for serine proteinases. These substrates are easily prepared with high yields. Cleavage of a single amide bond converts the non-fluorescent bisamide substrate into a highly fluorescent monoamide product. Macroscopic kinetic constants for the interaction of these substrates with bovine trypsin, human and dog plasmin, and human thrombin are reported. Certain of these substrates exhibit extremely large specificity constants. For example, the kcat./Km for bovine trypsin with bis-(N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-argininamido)-Rhodamine [(Cbz-Gly-Arg-NH)2-Rhodamine] is 1 670 000 M-1 X S-1. Certain of these substrates are also highly selective. For example, the most specific substrate for human plasmin, (Cbz-Phe-Arg-NH2)-Rhodamine, is not hydrolysed by human thrombin, and the most specific substrate for human thrombin, (Cbz-Pro-Arg-NH)2-Rhodamine, is one of the least specific substrates for human plasmin. Comparison of the kinetic constants for hydrolysis of the dipeptide substrates with that of the single amino acid derivative, (Cbz-Arg-NH)2-Rhodamine, indicates that selection of the proper amino acid residue in the P2 position can effect large increases in substrate specificity. This occurs primarily as a result of an increase in kcat. as opposed to a decrease in Km and, in certain cases, is accompanied by a large increase in selectivity. Because of their high degree of sensitivity and selectivity, these Rhodamine-based dipeptide compounds should be extremely useful substrates for studying serine proteinases.