gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Cultural Context in Chinese-English Translation (2021)

The cultural translation view considers translation as a cross-cultural communication activity. The paradigm and thinking of translation will also have profound changes in different cultural contexts. It can be seen from modern translation studies that the translation circle has paid full attention to the cultural differences between the two languages, and due to the profound influence of culture, translators have gradually formed their own unique and personalized cultural understanding and translation concepts in translation practice. Starting from the influence of cultural context on Chinese-English translation, this article explores the cultural context in Chinese-English translation combined with practical work experience, and the understanding and practice of translation activities under the cultural translation perspective.
A nanoporous polymer film as a diffuser as well as a light extraction component for top emitting organic light emitting diodes with a strong microcavity structure (2016)

To improve the viewing angle characteristic as well as the light extraction effect of strong microcavity devices, we fabricated a nanoporous polymer film (NPF) as a scattering medium as well as a light extraction component. We designed two types of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a strong microcavity effect by changing the thickness of the hole transport layer (HTL; e.g., 30 nm and 60 nm) to investigate two different scattering effects of the NPF. Very interestingly, we could observe a significant enhancement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for each device (30 nm thick HTL: 18.0%, 60 nm thick HTL: 31.6%) when we attached a NPF formed on a 125 μm thick PET film coated with the NPF. Furthermore, the NPF successfully suppressed the viewing angle dependence to realize ideal angular emission even in the two extreme microcavity conditions although they are still different from that of a Lambertian distribution.
Molecular cloning and analysis of an eIF-4A-related rat liver nuclear protein. (1992)

In this paper, we report the cloning and analysis of a cDNA encoding a protein of M(r) congruent to 47,000 (p47), which is localized to the nucleus of rat hepatocytes. The cDNA showed 37% overall sequence identity with a mouse translation initiation factor, eIF-4A, which belongs to a family of putative ATP-dependent RNA helicases. We raised polyclonal antibodies against the fusion protein and by indirect immunofluorescence on primary cultures of hepatocytes have demonstrated that p47 is located in the nucleus. Although only approximately 27% of hepatocytes showed this nuclear staining, most of the nuclei in proliferating transformed cell lines such as 3T3, PtK-1, and Hela were fluorescently labeled. Studies on serum-starved cells in culture indicated that p47 was expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Northern analyses demonstrated that the levels of p47 mRNA were high in fetal liver and dropped significantly after birth to low levels in adult liver. Our data suggest that p47 is developmentally regulated in rat liver at the mRNA level.
Multiuser Interference Cancellation and Detection for Users with More Than Two Transmit Antennas (2008)

We consider J transmitter units each equipped with N transmit antennas over wireless Rayleigh fading channels. Previously in [1], it was proved that when each transmitter unit has TV transmit antennas, using (J - 1)N + r receive antennas for any r ges 1, the receiver can completely separate the signals of J users. The provided diversity to each user was shown to be Nr if the units employ space-time trellis codes even if the units transmit asynchronously. Here, we consider the case when all units are synchronized and employ quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (N > 2). It is proved that in this case a receiver with J + r - 1 antennas with r ges 1 can separate the transmitted signals of all units and provide each unit with a diversity order of Nr. Based on our interference cancellation technique, we then offer an array processing scheme which provides trade-off between diversity and spatial multiplexing. It is shown via simulations that this array processing scheme performs better than well-known modulation schemes, e.g. space-time block codes and BLAST, for a moderate number of receive antennas.
A Simulation-Driven Graph Grammar Method for the Automated Synthesis of Passive Dynamic Brachiating Robots (2015)

Topologic configurations of passive dynamic locomotion robots are usually designed manually by human designers and often bio-inspired. However, it is possible that, among the large number of possible configurations, some valid solutions to the problem exist that are potentially superior to existing solutions and, at the same time, different from bio-inspired or otherwise intuition-inspired configurations, and thus not likely discovered without an automated design method. This paper addresses the problem of the automated design of passive dynamic systems in general by introducing a graph grammar based method that integrates dynamic simulation to evaluate and evolve configurations. In particular, the method is shown to find different, new solutions to the problem of the design of two-dimensional passive dynamic continuous contact brachiating robots. Brachiating is the swinging locomotion of primates moving from one tree branch to the next. The presented graph grammar rules preserve system properties among robot topologies, which makes it possible to maintain the necessary symmetry of the brachiating configurations. A separation of parametric optimization and topologic synthesis actions is proposed for the synthesis of passive dynamic systems. Compared to research on automated synthesis of robot topologies that use dynamic simulation to evaluate actuated and controlled robotic systems, this paper contributes a method to automatically generate alternative topologies for passive dynamic systems, which do not draw energy from a power source.
Response to Oral Supplementation in Copper Deficiency Myeloneuropathy (2008)

Neurological manifestations due to copper deficiency include ataxic myeloneuropathy that resembles subacute combined degeneration due to B12 deficiency. We report our experience in the treatment of 10 patients with copper deficiency myeloneuropathy and conclude that copper supplementation leads to stabilization rather than improvement in the neurological deficits.
SU‐E‐T‐234: Daily Quality Assurance for a Six Degrees of Freedom Couch Using a Novel Phantom (2015)

Purpose: To test the accuracy and reproducibility of both translational and rotational movements for a couch with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) using a novel phantom design Methods: An end‐to‐end test was carried out using two different phantoms. A 6 cm3 cube with a central fiducial BB (WL‐QA Sun Nuclear) and a custom fabricated rectangular prism (31 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm), placed on a baseplate with known angular offsets for pitch, roll and yaw with a central fiducial BB and unique surface structures for registration purposes, were used. The end‐to‐end test included an initial CT simulation for a reference study, setup to an offset mark on each phantom, registration of the reference CT to the acquired cone‐beam CT, and final Winston‐Lutz delivery at four cardinal gantry angles. Results for both translational and rotational movements were recorded and compared for both phantoms. Results: Translational and rotational measurements were performed with a PerfectPitch (Varian) couch for 10 trials for both phantoms. Distinct translational shifts were [−5.372±0.384mm, −10.183±0.137mm, 14.028±0.155mm] for the cube and [7.520±0.159mm, −9.117±0.101mm, 16.273±0.115mm] for the prototype phantom for lateral, longitudinal, and vertical shifts, respectively. Distinct rotational adjustments were [1.121±0.102o, −1.067±0.235o, −2.662±0.380o] for the cube and [2.534±0.059o, 1.994±0.025o, 2.094±0.076o] for the prototype for pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively. Winston‐Lutz test results performed after 6DoF couch correction from each cardinal gantry angle ranged from 0.26–0.72mm for the cube and 0.55–0.86mm for the prototype. Conclusion: The prototype phantom is more precise for both translational and rotational adjustments compared to a commercial phantom. The design of the prototype phantom allows for a more discernible visual confirmation of correct translational and rotational adjustments with the prototype phantom. Winston‐Lutz results are more accurate for the commercial phantom but are still within tolerance for the prototype phantom.
Control Solutions for Blackstart Capability and Islanding Operation of Offshore Wind Power Plants (2018)

Environmental sustainability concerns make renewable energy systems (RES) integrated into the grid crucial for future power systems. Amongst RES, wind energy especially offshore wind power plants (OWPP) show huge promise. Increasing penetration of RES requires re-thinking of critical operation states that could lead to an increased risk of generation tripping that ultimately triggers blackouts. Thus maintaining reliability, robustness and stability of grid operation has become more complex and so blackstart (BS) and islanded (Is) operation requirements are being considered as options for WPPs in the grid codes. Additionally, advanced control functionalities provided by modern wind turbines (WT) owing to their power electronics converter (PEC) interface, enables them to provide fast, high power environment-friendly BS capability that facilitates grid recovery & reduces the impact of a blackout. In this<br> paper, the motivation for BS capabilities in OWPPs has been presented, and the different stages of restoration using OWPPs<br> identified. Finally the existing control solutions and potential challenges for BS&Is using OWPPs have also been investigated.
Basic Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers (2017)

This document specifies requirements for an IPv6 Customer Edge (CE)
router. Specifically, the current version of this document focuses on
the basic provisioning of an IPv6 CE router and the provisioning of
IPv6 hosts attached to it and the support of HNCP ([RFC7788]) for
automated provisioning of downstream routers. The document also covers
several transition technologies, as required in a world where IPv4
addresses are no longer available, so hosts in the customer LANs with
IPv4-only or IPv6-only applications or devices, requiring to
communicate with IPv4-only services at the Internet, are able to do
so. The document obsoletes RFC 7084.
Memórias de formação docente: o programa magister (2013)

Para fazer frente a falta de professores com habilitacao em cursos superiores de licenciatura especificos para suas areas de atuacao na rede publica estadual e nas redes publicas municipais de ensino, o governo do Estado de Santa Catarina, juntamente com Instituicoes de Educacao Superior (IES) atuantes no Estado, promoveu um programa de formacao docente em servico, com ingresso entre 1995 e 1998, denominado Programa Magister. Este programa envolveu, como instituicoes ofertantes, a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, a Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina e nove IES comunitarias. Foi projetado para formar em servico cinco mil professores e, no ultimo ano de ingresso – 1998, a soma dos alunos matriculados nos diferentes cursos a ele vinculados era 4.306, observando-se, portanto, uma evasao inferior a 14%.
An Experimental System for Tightly Coupled Integration of GPS and AC Magnetic Positioning (2016)

This paper describes the design and realization of a magnetic positioning system (MPS) integrated with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The GPS receiver is composed of hardware and software sections that can be integrated with the MPS. Both system-level architecture and realization details are described along with experimental results. The realized prototype measurement system exhibits a maximum positioning error of less than 5 m and an average error of less than 3 m, thus providing better performance than a stand-alone GPS consumer receiver. Further, the system is tested in two different scenarios, showing repeatable performance. A practical system implementation is presented, which can be employed in applications that require power-efficiency and low-cost operation. Such an implementation is tested experimentally, providing results that are comparable to those of the preliminary prototype, thus validating the proposed approach.
An algorithm to determine hidden Markov model topology (2002)

Hidden Markov modeling (HMM) provides a probabilistic framework for modeling a time series of multivariate observations. An HMM describes the dynamic behavior of the observations in terms of movement among the states of a finite-state machine. We present an algorithm that selects an HMM topology for a set of time series data. Our method selects a topology based on a likelihood criterion and a heuristic evaluation of complexity. The algorithm iteratively prunes state transitions from a large general HMM topology until a topology is obtained that concisely represents the dynamic structure of the data. The goal of this approach is to allow the data to reveal their own dynamic structure without external assumptions concerning the number of states or pattern of transitions.
A Unifying Omnidirectional Camera Model and its Applications (2007)

Omnidirectional cameras are leaving the scientific labs to be used in market applications. Many such application areas like robotics and automotive need very accurate models of the image formation. When a car or robot motion is controlled by an omnidirectional camera system, the exact control of action depends on a reliable calibration. An unprecise calibration can cause costly or hazardous consequences for man and machine. Therefore, we developed an omnidirectional camera model that can deal with parabolic and hyperbolic mirrors in combination with distorting lenses. It has the adequate complexity to allow both, precision and robustness of the calibration process. We successfully applied this model to our driver assistance systems of future light and heavy trucks.
Geospatial Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Techniques and Software Tools (2007)

"In this Guide we address the full spectrum of spatial analysis and associated modelling techniques that are provided within currently available and widely used geographic information systems (GIS) and associated software. Collectively such techniques and tools are often now described as geospatial analysis, although we use the more common form, spatial analysis, in most of our discussions. The interactive web version of this Guide may be accessed via the associated Internet site: www.spatialanalysisonline.com. The contents and sample sections of the PDF version may also be accessed from this site. In both cases the information is regularly updated
MESOSCALE SPHERICAL AND PLANAR ORGANIZATIONS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES (2008)

We present a systematic investigation on the roles of some starting reagents commonly used in gold nanoparticle synthesis. Our results show that Au nanoparticles adsorbed with tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) or TOAB and 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) can self-assemble into spherical aggregates in various hierarchical forms, such as discrete, linear, and two-dimensional arrays, without using any additional structural linkers. Interestingly, aged Au nanoparticles in different interconnected spherical aggregates are highly ordered, showing long-range lattice uniformity. On the basis of our substrate-dependent experiments, it has been revealed that the sphere formation, self-assembly, and crystallization of Au nanoparticles in the superlattice take place upon drying. A structural evolution of mesoscale spherical assemblies to planar organizations of Au nanoparticles has also been revealed in this work for the first time. In general, the Au nanoparticles are better shelled with TOAB than with DDT surfactant. The symmetrical organic shells of TOAB and its multi-chain structure are believed to be responsible for the high capacity of particle aggregation as well as for the long-range assembling order.
GIRK4 Confers Appropriate Processing and Cell Surface Localization to G-protein-gated Potassium Channels (1999)

GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits combine to form the heterotetrameric acetylcholine-activated potassium current (IKACh) channel in pacemaker cells of the heart. The channel is activated by direct binding of G-protein Gbetagamma subunits. The GIRK1 subunit is atypical in the GIRK family in having a unique ( approximately 125-amino acid) domain in its distal C terminus. GIRK1 cannot form functional channels by itself but must combine with another GIRK family member (GIRK2, GIRK3, or GIRK4), which are themselves capable of forming functional homotetramers. Here we show, using an extracellularly Flag-tagged GIRK1 subunit, that GIRK1 requires association with GIRK4 for cell surface localization. Furthermore, GIRK1 homomultimers reside in core-glycosylated and nonglycosylated states. Coexpression of GIRK4 caused the appearance of the mature glycosylated form of GIRK1. [35S]Methionine pulse-labeling experiments demonstrated that GIRK4 associates with GIRK1 either during or shortly after subunit synthesis. Mutant and chimeric channel subunits were utilized to identify domains responsible for GIRK1 localization. Truncation of the unique C-terminal domain of Delta374-501 resulted in an intracellular GIRK1 subunit that produced normal IKACh-like channels when coexpressed with GIRK4. Chimeras containing the C-terminal domain of GIRK1 from amino acid 194 to 501 were intracellularly localized, whereas chimeras containing the C terminus of GIRK4 localized to the cell surface. Deletion analysis of the GIRK4 C terminus identified a 25-amino acid region required for cell surface targeting of GIRK1/GIRK4 heterotetramers and a 25-amino acid region required for cell surface localization of GIRK4 homotetramers. GIRK1 appeared intracellular in atrial myocytes isolated from GIRK4 knockout mice and was not maturely glycosylated, supporting an essential role for GIRK4 in the processing and cell surface localization of IKACh in vivo.
Modeling the Quantum Nature of Atomic Nuclei by Imaginary Time Path Integrals and Colored Noise (2015)

The vast majority of atomistic simulations of matter treat the nuclei as classical point particles, evolving in time according to Hamiltonian dynamics, and following classical Boltzmann statistics.As a matter of fact, this is quite a harsh approximation when dealing with hydrogencontaining compounds.Hydrogen nuclei -as well as other light elements -exhibit significant deviations from classical behavior up to and above room temperature.Here I will present an overview of path integral methods, that can be used to include nuclear quantum effects in atomic-scale models.I will cover the basic theory, discuss some of the practicalities in the implementation and use, and finally introduce the most recent advances towards making these techniques less computationally demanding by using colored (correlated) stochastic dynamics.
Potential Use of Geothermal Energy Sources for the Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

In this paper, exhaust gas emissions were compared between conventional gas-phase combustion in both forced exhaust gas concentration of hot-water burner & premixed natural gas/air burner with heater and the catalytic combustion in catalytic honeycomb monolith burner.Test proved that the pollutant emissions of gasphase combustion were higher than that of catalytic combustion.It is shown that the conversion of conventional gas-phase combustion was lower than that of catalytic combustion by measured experimental data.It indicated the advantages of energy-saving and environmental protection for the catalytic combustion.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fixed-Dose Combination of Bilayer Gastroretentive Matrix Tablet Containing Atorvastatin as Fast-Release and Atenolol as Sustained-Release (2014)

The objective of the present study was to develop bilayer tablets of atorvastatin and atenolol that are characterized by initial fast-release of atorvastatin in the stomach and comply with the release requirements of sustained-release of atenolol. An amorphous, solvent evaporation inclusion complex of atorvastatin with β -cyclodextrin, present in 1 : 3 (drug/cyclodextrin) molar ratio, was employed in the fast-release layer to enhance the dissolution of atorvastatin. Xanthan gum and guar gum were integrated in the sustained-release layer. Bilayer tablets composed of sustained-release layer (10% w/w of xanthan gum and guar gum) and fast-release layer [1 : 3 (drug/cyclodextrin)] showed the desired release profile. The atorvastatin contained in the fast-release layer showed an initial fast-release of more than 60% of its drug content within 2 h, followed by sustained release of the atenolol for a period of 12 h. The pharmacokinetic study illustrated that the fast absorption and increased oral bioavailability of atorvastatin as well as therapeutic concentration of atenolol in blood were made available through adoption of formulation strategy of bilayer tablets. It can be concluded that the bilayer tablets of atorvastatin and atenolol can be successfully employed for the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia together through oral administration of single tablet.
Recent Advancement in Functional Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Polymers: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Applications in Medical Biotechnology (2013)

This paper covers the core-shell nanomaterials, mainly, polymer-core polymer shell, polymer-core metal shell, and polymer-core nonmetal shells. Herein, various synthesis techniques, properties, and applications of these materials have been discussed. The detailed discussion of the properties with experimental parameters has been carried out. The various characterization techniques for the core-shell nanostructure have also been discussed. Their physical and chemical properties have been addressed. The future aspects of such core-shell nanostructures for biomedical and various other applications have been discussed with a special emphasis on their properties.
E-Commerce and Mobile Commerce Application Adoptions (2006)

E-commerce applications are primarily used at home and in the workplace. Utilitarian elements, including cognitive beliefs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use (at the individual level), industry pressure, organizational readiness, economics, and trust (at the business level) are key determinants contributing to the usage of e-commerce applications. Mobile devices redefine the meaning of workplace. The use of mobile services could be in and outside the workplace. Hedonic elements, such as fun, culture, life style, and hype are key determinants contributing to the usage of mobile commerce applications. The purpose of our article is to discuss and clarify immediate determinants of e-commerce and mobile commerce applications based on the technology acceptance model.
ALARA pre-job studies using the VISIPLAN 3D ALARA planning tool (2005)

The optimisation of the radiation protection for the workers in nuclear industry is an important part of the safety culture. The application of the ALARA concept (to keep exposures as low as reasonably achievable) is not always straightforward as it is influenced by the site geometry, source distribution and work organisation. A good ALARA pre-job study must therefore be performed and should contain predicted doses for the different suggested work scenarios and provide a quantitative basis to select between various alternative work scenarios for a specific operation. In order to handle this information, SCK-CEN developed the VISIPLAN 3D ALARA planning tool. The tool makes it possible to evaluate the dose due to external gamma exposure based on the simulation of work scenarios taking into account worker positions and subsequent geometry and source distribution changes in a three-dimensional environment.