gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of presence of progesterone receptors to prognosis in early breast cancer. (1980)

The presence of progesterone receptors was found to be associated with a favorable prognosis in 98 patients with primary breast cancer. The occurrence of metastases was 3.6 times less probable in patients with progesterone receptor-positive tumors than in patients with progesterone receptor-negative tumors. There was also an inverse relationship between the concentration of progesterone receptor and the frequency of metastases. However, there was no statistical correlation between frequency of local recurrences and progesterone receptor content of the tumor. In patients displaying clinical or histological criteria of gravity, the presence of progesterone receptors allowed us to define subgroups with good prognosis. Thus, in women with progesterone receptor-positive cancers, metastases had occurred at 18 months, in only 5% of the 39 Grade III cancers and in none of the 25 cases with invaded axillary nodes. Measurement of estradiol receptor (105 patients including the previous 98 patients) was found to be less effective for guiding the prognosis of early breast cancer. Combined evaluation of estradiol and progesterone receptors did not provide any more information than did the determination of progesterone receptor alone.
A new concept for noninvasive tinnitus treatment utilizing multimodal pathways (2013)

Current noninvasive treatments for tinnitus have shown mixed results. There have been encouraging developments in using invasive brain or vagal nerve stimulation to modulate neural populations driving the tinnitus percept. However, these invasive treatments can only be used in a small patient population with severe conditions. In this preliminary study, we present a new treatment option we call Multimodal Synchronization Therapy (MST), which attempts to achieve synchronized and localized brain activation without invasive neural stimulation. MST combines multiple sensory, motor, limbic, and cognitive inputs to elicit activation of multimodal neurons to potentially modulate specific neurons driving the tinnitus percept. We present preliminary data in a guinea pig model showing activation of somatosensory and auditory pathways to alter neural activity within the inferior colliculus, a multimodal integration region that has shown pathological changes in animals and patients with tinnitus. Electrical stimulation of different body locations induced excitatory responses in the inferior colliculus, eliciting responses in up to 41% of all recording sites for a given somatic site. Paired somatic and acoustic stimulation resulted in enhanced or suppressed acoustic-driven neural activity in the inferior colliculus that varied depending on stimulation and recording location. Similar modulation effects were observed in the auditory cortex, which may relate to changes in auditory perception. Further studies need to incorporate multiple multimodal pathways and must also confirm that MST can suppress the abnormal neural patterns that directly drive the tinnitus percept.
Frequency and reactivity of antigen-specific T cells were concurrently measured through the combination of artificial antigen-presenting cell, MACS and ELISPOT (2017)

Conventional peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimer staining, intracellular cytokine staining, and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay cannot concurrently determine the frequency and reactivity of antigen-specific T cells (AST) in a single assay. In this report, pMHC multimer, magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and ELISPOT techniques have been integrated into a micro well by coupling pMHC multimers onto cell-sized magnetic beads to characterize AST cell populations in a 96-well microplate which pre-coated with cytokine-capture antibodies. This method, termed AAPC-microplate, allows the enumeration and local cytokine production of AST cells in a single assay without using flow cytometry or fluorescence intensity scanning, thus will be widely applicable. Here, ovalbumin<sub>257-264</sub>-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from OT-1 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice were measured. The methodological accuracy, specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity in enumerating AST cells compared well with conventional pMHC multimer staining. Furthermore, the AAPC-microplate was applied to detect the frequency and reactivity of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen<sub>18-27</sub>- and surface antigen<sub>183-191</sub>-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells for the patients, and was compared with conventional method. This method without the need of high-end instruments may facilitate the routine analysis of patient-specific cellular immune response pattern to a given antigen in translational studies.
Focus on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR): new pragmatic insights in clinical practice. (2019)

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common disease usually limited to the oesophagus. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is an inflammatory reaction of the mucosa of pharynx, larynx, and other associated upper respiratory organs, caused by a reflux of stomach contents outside the oesophagus. LPR is considered to be a relatively new clinical entity with a vast number of clinical manifestations which are treated sometimes empirically and without a correct diagnosis. However, there is disagreement between specialists about its definition and management: gastroenterologists consider LPR to be a substantially rare manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), whereas otolaryngologists believe that LPR is an independent, but common in their practice, disorder. Patients suffering from LPR firstly consult their general practitioners, but a multidisciplinary approach may be fruitful to define a unified strategy based on specific medications and behavioural changes. The present Supplement would review the topic, considering LPR and GER characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, and new therapeutic strategies also comparing different specialist points of view and patient populations. In particular, new insights derive from an interesting gel compound, containing magnesium alginate and E-Gastryal® (hyaluronic acid, hydrolysed keratin, Tara gum, and Xantana gum). In particular, two very large Italian surveys were conducted in real-world setting, such as outpatient clinics. The most relevant outcomes are presented and discussed in the current Issue. Actually, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is considered an extraesophageal manifestation of the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Both GERD and its extraesophageal manifestation are very common in clinical practice. Both disorders have a relevant burden for the society: about this topic most of pharmaco-economic studies were conducted in the United States. In population-based studies, 19.8% of North Americans complain of typical symptoms of GERD (heartburn and regurgitation) at least weekly (1). Also in the late 1990s, GERD accounted for $9.3 to $12.1 billion in direct annual healthcare costs in the United States, higher than any other digestive disease. As a result, acid-suppressive agents were the leading pharmaceutical expenditure in the United States. The prevalence of GERD in the primary care setting becomes even more evident when one considers that, in the United States, 4.6 million office encounters annually are primarily for GERD, whereas 9.1 million encounters include GERD in the top 3 diagnoses for the encounter. GERD is also the most frequently first-listed gastrointestinal diagnosis in ambulatory care visits (2, 3) Extraesophageal manifestations of reflux, including LPR, asthma, and chronic cough, have been estimated to cost $5438 per patient in direct medical expenses in the first year after presentation and $13,700 for 5 years.
Cross-linking of collagen-based materials (1998)

An example of a collagen-based tissue is the aortic heart valve. A variety of pathological processes can lead to heart valve malfunction and this is usually associated with degenerative changes of the tissue. The most commonly used types of prosthetic valves are mechanical and tissue valves. One major disadvantage in the use of mechanical valves is the need for continuous anticoagulation therapy to minimize the risk of thrombosis, whereas tissue valves can be used without anticoagulants. Tissue valves are constructed from porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium and are treated with glutaraldehyde to introduce cross-links. However, the durability of bioprostheses is limited due to calcification, which leads to tearing and rupture of the material. The factors and the mechanisms of calcification are still not fully understood. It was the objective of this study to develop and to optimize new cross-linking methods for the stabilization of collagen-based tissues resulting in materials which are biocompatible and non-calcifying and do not evoke cytotoxic reactions. A model tissue, dermal sheep collagen (DSC) which consists of 100 % fibrous collagen type I, was chosen to study the cross-linking process in more detail. Furthermore, the relation between the cross-linking conditions and the material properties obtained was studied. DSC was previously used in the development of new biomaterials. New cross-linking methods such as the use of the water-soluble carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were successfully developed and led to biocompatible, non-calcifying materials.
Gene Structure of Human Thrombomodulin, a Cofactor for Thrombin Catalyzed Activation of Protein C1 (1988)

The gene coding for human thrombomodulin, a thrombin receptor on endothelial cells and a cofactor for the activation of anticoagulant protein C zymogen, was isolated from a human genomic library by employing human thrombomodulin cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequences of the gene and the adjacent 5' and 3' flanking regions were then determined. The nucleotide sequence of this gene with approximately 3.7 kilobase pairs was identical to that of the cDNA, indicating that the gene for human thrombomodulin is free of introns. Hybridization data showed that there is only a single thrombomodulin gene in the human genome.
Multi-controller Deployment Algorithm Based on Load Balance in Software Defined Network (2018)

With the expansion of Software Defined Network (SDN), the decoupling of control layer and data layer brings new problems such as controller deployment. In this paper, a Multi-Controller Deployment Algorithm Based on Load Balance (MCDALB) in SDN is proposed. Firstly, the number, K, of controllers is determined based on network topology and its load. Secondly, according to the limitation of controller capacity, a multi-controller load balance algorithm with approximate ratio of 2 is proposed, which divides the network into K control regions. Lastly, the position of the controller in each region is selected, according to the minimum sum of all switch-to-controller distances in the region. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the actual network topologies are applied. As to compare with the AL and WL algorithms, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only balances the controllers load, with an approximation ratio of 2, but also meets the maximum gap of network delay not more than 0.65 ms.
Design and implementation of high-performance instant messaging system and personalized aggregate content service (2022)

Nowadays, instant messaging software is widely used in people's lives, and software usage scenarios have a tendency to transform from PC to mobile. At this time, the software needs to meet the conditions of the mobile device's network environment and device configuration. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on issues such as the immediacy, reliability, orderliness, and weak network optimization of the mobile terminal's instant messaging program to send and receive messages. In the process of system design and implementation, the server side mainly uses Netty and Spring Boot frameworks, and the data storage mainly uses relational database MySQL, key-value pair database Redis, object storage MinIO, and uses the JavaMail framework to write mail services and the open-source RSSHub to provide aggregate content services. The client-side program is designed and developed based on the Android system. The program is characterized by fast message sending and receiving, high delivery rate, low traffic consumption, and low power consumption, to make sure that messages can still be sent and received successfully even when the network is weak. The main network protocols used for communication between the client and the server are TCP and HTTP.
Analysis and design of mm-wave phased array antennas for 5G access (2019)

This work presents the design of two 64-element phased array antennas for 5G access, operating at 28 GHz and at 39 GHz frequency bands. The 8x8-element antenna arrays use a multi-layer printed circuit board stack. 16 commercial quad-core TX/RX ICs are used to provide independent control of phase and amplitude for each radiating element. RF power distribution and combining network is integrated on the PCB, with a single RF interface to an external radio transceiver. Analysis and design of the feed network for the antenna elements is demonstrated.
Binding of <i>Thermomyces</i> (<i>Humicola</i>) <i>lanuginosa</i> lipase to the mixed micelles of <i>cis</i>‐parinaric acid/NaTDC (2002)

The binding of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase and its mutants [TLL(S146A), TLL(W89L), TLL(W117F, W221H, W260H)] to the mixed micelles of cis-parinaric acid/sodium taurodeoxycholate at pH 5.0 led to the quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission (300-380 nm) and to a simultaneous increase in the cis-parinaric acid fluorescence emission (380-500 nm). These findings were used to characterize the Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase/cis-parinaric acid interactions occurring in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer and Stern-Volmer quenching constant values obtained were correlated with the accessibility of the tryptophan residues to the cis-parinaric acid and with the lid opening ability of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (and its mutants). TLL(S146A) was found to have the highest fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In addition, a TLL(S146A)/oleic acid complex was crystallised and its three-dimensional structure was solved. Surprisingly, two possible binding modes (sn-1 and antisn1) were found to exist between oleic acid and the catalytic cleft of the open conformation of TLL(S146A). Both binding modes involved an interaction with tryptophan 89 of the lipase lid, in agreement with fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. As a consequence, we concluded that TLL(S146A) mutant is not an appropriate substitute for the wild-type Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase for mimicking the interaction between the wild-type enzyme and lipids.
ChemInform Abstract: For EO: Air or Oxygen? (1976)

Abstract Für die Oxidation von Äthylen zu Äthylenoxid werden Luft und Sauerstoff als Oxidationsmittel zur Diskussion gestellt.
Design of water allocation model: efficiency and risk aspects (2005)

The primary objective of this study is to improve the methodology for water allocation focused on efficiency and risk aspects. To attain the primary objective, this study sets up an objective function to maximize social expected benefits, and considers three types of allocation methods. Three types of allocation methods are optimal, proportional, and fixed allocation between regions and service sectors. The results of case study area shows that the fixed allocation method is preferred to the proportional allocation in most cases except that the variance of flow is small with respect to efficiency. Also, efficient and less-risky allocation is simultaneously obtained in some cases, while efficiency and risk show the relation of trade-off in other cases.
Perfluorocyclobutyl Aryl Ether-Based ABC Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer (2016)

A series of fluorine-containing amphiphilic ABC triblock copolymers comprising hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), and hydrophobic poly(p-(2-(4-biphenyl)perfluorocyclobutoxy)phenyl methacrylate) (PBPFCBPMA) segments were synthesized by successive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). First, PEG-Br macroinitiators bearing one terminal ATRP initiating group were prepared by chain-end modification of monohydroxy-terminated PEG via esterification reaction. PEG-b-PBPFCBPMA-Br diblock copolymers were then synthesized via ATRP of BPFCBPMA monomer initiated by PEG-Br macroinitiator. ATRP polymerization of tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) was directly initiated by PEG-b-PBPFCBPMA-Br to provide PEG-b-PBPFCBPMA-b-PtBMA triblock copolymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (M<sub>w</sub>/M<sub>n</sub> ≤ 1.43). The pendant tert-butyoxycarbonyls were hydrolyzed to carboxyls in acidic environment without affecting other functional groups for affording PEG-b-PBPFCBPMA-b-PMAA amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine as probe and the self-assembly behavior in aqueous media were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Large compound micelles and bowl-shaped micelles were formed in neutral aqueous solution. Interestingly, large compound micelles formed by triblock copolymers can separately or simultaneously encapsulate hydrophilic Rhodamine 6G and hydrophobic pyrene agents.
Novel polymeric dyes for bottom antireflective coatings (1997)

In lithographic processing, implementation of a bottom antireflective coating can reduce or eliminate reflective notching and swing effects, thereby improving linewidth (CD) control. We have recently synthesized a series of novel polymeric dyes and evaluated them as bottom antireflective coatings for i-line lithographic applications. This work has led to the development of the BARLi<SUP>TM</SUP> II commercial bottom coat material. The BARLi<SUP>TM</SUP> II films show high absorbance at 365 nm and excellent coating uniformity. They are tailor- made to yield the optimum values for refractive indices (n and k) for i-line which ensures minimum reflectivity and maximum swing reduction for photoresist layers. BARLi<SUP>TM</SUP> II materials are formulated in photoresist compatible solvents to simplify the EBR process and to be environmentally and user friendly. Data presented in this paper also include BARLi<SUP>TM</SUP> II thermal stability, resist intermixing test, etch selectivity, swing reduction, lithographic performance, and step coverage profiles.
The actin gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5′ and 3′ end mapping, flanking and putative regulatory sequences (1981)

The 5' and 3' flanking regions of the yeast actin gene have been sequenced and the ends of the actin mRNA were determined by the single-strand nuclease mapping procedure. The mRNA starts with a pyrimidine residue 141 (or 140) nucleotides upstream from the initiation codon. The actin gene lacks a typical "TATA" box 30 base pairs upstream from the mRNA start site but it contains a region homologous to the canonical sequence 5'-GGCTCAATCT-3' which is found in several eukaryotic genes 70 to 80 bp upstream from the mRNA cap site. Judging from the S1 nuclease mapping, there are two populations of actin mRNA terminating 98 and 107 nucleotides downstream from the stop codon. The 3' termini are preceded by three AATAAA sequences found in most eukaryotic polyadenylated mRNAs.
Thermodynamic and experimental study of low temperature ZrB2 chemical vapor deposition (2001)

A thermodynamic study of the Zr-B-H-Cl system is realised using a cornputer-aided Gibbs energy minimisation program. Effect of the total pressure and the atomic ratio of hydrogen to chlorine (Hl / Cl) on the CVD deposition diagram is investigated. The total pressure decrease lowers the minimal temperature for ZrB2 deposition. It reaches 780 K at 100 Pa. H / Cl ratio affects the ZrB2 + B codeposition domain area. A CVD deposition diagram at 800 K with isoyield curves is also presented. Zirconium diboride films are elaborated on quartz and Zircaloy-4 substrates using ZrCl4 and BCl3 precursors. Since ZrB2 films cannot be synthesised at temperature lower than 800 K by thermal CVD, an original CVD process enhanced by Ar-BCl3 post-discharge has been developed. At 733 K, films obtained using this process are composed of ZrB2 nanograins embedded in an amorphous solid solution of zirconium and boron oxides.
Derisking the Cu-Mediated <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorination of Heterocyclic Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands (2017)

Molecules labeled with fluorine-18 (<sup>18</sup>F) are used in positron emission tomography to visualize, characterize and measure biological processes in the body. Despite recent advances in the incorporation of <sup>18</sup>F onto arenes, the development of general and efficient approaches to label radioligands necessary for drug discovery programs remains a significant task. This full account describes a derisking approach toward the radiosynthesis of heterocyclic positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands using the copper-mediated <sup>18</sup>F-fluorination of aryl boron reagents with <sup>18</sup>F-fluoride as a model reaction. This approach is based on a study examining how the presence of heterocycles commonly used in drug development affects the efficiency of <sup>18</sup>F-fluorination for a representative aryl boron reagent, and on the labeling of more than 50 (hetero)aryl boronic esters. This set of data allows for the application of this derisking strategy to the successful radiosynthesis of seven structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant heterocycle-containing molecules.
Disparate Regulation and Function of the Class A Scavenger Receptors SR-AI/II and MARCO (2005)

The macrophage class A scavenger receptors, macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure (MARCO) and type I/II class A scavenger receptor (SR-AI/II), share structural features and roles in host defense, but little is known about their regulation and signaling properties. Ligation of MARCO on mouse thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PEMs) with immobilized mAb costimulated IL-12 production, in contrast to previously reported inhibition by SR-AI/II. PEMs from MARCO-deficient mice exhibited 2.7 times lower IL-12 production in responses to stimulation with LPS and IFN-gamma and lack of significant IL-12 production on stimulation with LPS alone. Conversely, SR-AI/II-deficient PEMs produced 2.4 and 1.8 times more IL-12 than wild-type PEMs in response to LPS or LPS and IFN-gamma, respectively. Corresponding differences in regulation of SR-A and MARCO expression were also observed. Th1 adjuvants (LPS, a CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), IL-12, and GM-CSF) increased, whereas Th2-polarizing factors (IL-4, M-CSF, and non-CpG ODN) decreased expression of MARCO on J774 macrophage-like cells. Expression of SR-A was regulated in the opposite manner to MARCO or not affected. Whereas MARCO was involved in opsonin-independent phagocytosis in CpG-ODN-pretreated but not in IL-4-pretreated J774 cells, anti-SR-A Abs inhibited particle uptake in untreated and IL-4-pretreated but not in CpG-ODN-pretreated cells. SR-A and MARCO are regulated differently and mediate distinct negative and positive effects on IL-12 production in macrophages. These differences may contribute to sustained Th1 or Th2 polarization of ongoing immune responses.