gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A motion-compensated scheme for helical cone-beam reconstruction in cardiac CT angiography (2008)

Since coronary heart disease is one of the main causes of death all over the world, cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging is an application of very high interest in order to verify indications timely. Due to the cardiac motion, electrocardiogram (ECG) gating has to be implemented into the reconstruction of the measured projection data. However, the temporal and spatial resolution is limited due to the mechanical movement of the gantry and due to the fact that a finite angular span of projections has to be acquired for the reconstruction of each voxel. In this article, a motion-compensated reconstruction method for cardiac CT is described, which can be used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio or to suppress motion blurring. Alternatively, it can be translated into an improvement of the temporal and spatial resolution. It can be applied to the entire heart in common and to high contrast objects moving with the heart in particular, such as calcified plaques or devices like stents. The method is based on three subsequent steps: As a first step, the projection data acquired in low pitch helical acquisition mode together with the ECG are reconstructed at multiple phase points. As a second step, the motion-vector field is calculated from the reconstructed images in relation to the image in a reference phase. Finally, a motion-compensated reconstruction is carried out for the reference phase using those projections, which cover the cardiac phases for which the motion-vector field has been determined.
Preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (1998)

Historically, Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (Prep-SFC) was invented by KLESPER et al. [1] since, in their first report on analytical SFC , they mentioned the possibility to collect the separated compounds. Analytical SFC was developped by pionneers in their laboratory during the 6 0 ’s and 70’s. Prep-SFC re a l ly started to be studied and developped after Perrut patented the large scale Prep-SFC with eluent recycling [2]. In the 90’s, commercial equipment appeared [3] and applications are developped for industrial purpose. A bibliographic basis of Prep-SFC works can be found in references [4–14]. SF for chromatography
Terabit photonic integrated circuits in InP: 10-channel coherent PM-QPSK transmitter and receiver PICs operating at 100 Gb/s per wavelength (2011)

In this talk, we report on a pair of monolithically integrated multi-wavelength transmitter and receiver PICs employing polarization multiplexing and quadrature phase-shift keying modulation to provide an aggregate bandwidth greater than 1Tbps on a single chip.
Development and operation of a material identification and discrimination imaging spectroradiometer (1995)

Many imaging applications require quantitative determination of a scene's spectral radiance. This paper describes a new system capable of real-time spectroradiometric imagery. Operating at a full-spectrum update rate of 30Hz, this imager is capable of collecting a 30 point spectrum from each of three imaging heads: the first operates from 400 nx m to 950 nm, with a 2% bandwidth; the second operates from 1.5 micrometers to 5.5 micrometers with a 1.5% bandwidth; the third operates from 5 micrometers to 12 micrometers , also at a 1.5% bandwidth. Standard image format is 256 X 256, with 512 X 512 possible in the VIS/NIR head. Spectra of up to 256 points are available at proportionately lower frame rates. In order to make such a tremendous amount of data more manageable, internal processing electronics perform four important operations on the spectral imagery data in real-time. First, all data in the spatial/spectral cube of data is spectro-radiometrically calibrated as it is collected. Second, to allow the imager to simulate sensors with arbitrary spectral response, any set of three spectral response functions may be loaded into the imager including delta functions to allow single wavelength viewing; the instrument then evaluates the integral of the product of the scene spectral radiances and the response function. Third, more powerful exploitation of the gathered spectral radiances can be effected by application of various spectral-matched filtering algorithms to identify pixels whose relative spectral radiance distribution matches a sought- after spectral radiance distribution, allowing materials-based identification and discrimination. Fourth, the instrument allows determination of spectral reflectance, surface temperature, and spectral emissivity, also in real-time. The spectral imaging technique used in the instrument allows tailoring of the frame rate and/or the spectral bandwidth to suit the scene radiance levels, i.e., frame rate can be reduced, or bandwidth increased to improve SNR when viewing low radiance scenes.
Adaptive beam-forming with interference suppression and multi-user detection in satellite systems with terrestrial reuse of frequencies (2006)

Adaptive space-time signal processing comprising interference suppression and multi-user detection in a CDMA Mobile Satellite System (MSS) environment is presented. Optimum beam-forming, based on a Minimum Mean-Squared Error (MMSE) performance index, is used to maximize the signal-to-noise plus interference ratio of MSS links in an environment of significant terrestrial reuse of the satellite service link frequencies by Ancillary Terrestrial Components (ATCs). The technique substantially mitigates both ATC-induced co- channel interference and Multiple-Access Interference (MAI). At the satellite gateway, a pilot-based MMSE algorithm is used to adaptively form an optimum return-channel beam for each user by processing the raw antenna feed element signals provided to the satellite gateway by a satellite return feeder link. Following beam-forming, pilot signals are used to estimate the multi-user channels. The proposed Sequential ATC and MAI Interference Canceller (SAMIC) algorithm takes advantage of a priori known pilot signal information and invokes preliminary decisions to sequentially perform interference suppression followed by multi- user detection. The performance of the SAMIC algorithm is illustrated by simulation of a multi-beam geo-stationary satellite system containing a wide deployment of ATC over 50 major markets across the Continental United States (CONUS).
Plum (Prunus domestica) Trees Transformed with Poplar FT1 Result in Altered Architecture, Dormancy Requirement, and Continuous Flowering (2012)

The Flowering Locus T1 (FT1) gene from Populus trichocarpa under the control of the 35S promoter was transformed into European plum (Prunus domestica L). Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of FT flowered and produced fruits in the greenhouse within 1 to 10 months. FT plums did not enter dormancy after cold or short day treatments yet field planted FT plums remained winter hardy down to at least -10°C. The plants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes atypical for plum including shrub-type growth habit and panicle flower architecture. The flowering and fruiting phenotype was found to be continuous in the greenhouse but limited to spring and fall in the field. The pattern of flowering in the field correlated with lower daily temperatures. This apparent temperature effect was subsequently confirmed in growth chamber studies. The pleitropic phenotypes associated with FT1 expression in plum suggests a fundamental role of this gene in plant growth and development. This study demonstrates the potential for a single transgene event to markedly affect the vegetative and reproductive growth and development of an economically important temperate woody perennial crop. We suggest that FT1 may be a useful tool to modify temperate plants to changing climates and/or to adapt these crops to new growing areas.
Wide Temperature Range Operation of Resonant Silicon Electro-optic Modulators (2008)

We demonstrate wide temperature range operation of a micron-size high speed silicon electrooptic modulator over a temperature range of 15 K. We show that bit patterns can be maintained by varying the bias current through the device to counter temperature changes. We demonstrate operation at 1 G bit/s in a silicon ring electrooptic modulator of quality factor ~4000 over 15 K. This result has significant impact on the integration of micron-scale silicon ring modulators for optical networks on chip.
<title>Optimization of detector geometry for aliasing artifact reduction in the third-generation CT</title> (1997)

Many clinical applications demand CT scanners to provide 15 to 20 line pairs per centimeter resolution. For a conventional third generation CT scanner, this demand present a special challenge because of the inherent sampling limitations. If special care is not taken, aliasing artifacts could result. These artifacts typically appear as fine streaks irradiating from high density objects.One of the methods used to achieve aliasing-free CT images is to increase the sampling density by x-ray focal spot wobbling. This is achieved by first acquiring a projection with focal spot at one position. The gantry is then rotated to a position so that the detector cells straddle the cell positions at the previous view.At the same time, the focal spot is deflected back so that it overlaps the previous focal spot position. The two set of projections form an interlaced projection with much higher sampling density. Since the detector cells form an arc concentric to the x-ray focal spot, the interlaced samples are not uniformly spaced. Detailed analysis indicates that the position displacement increases as a function of the detector angle, which results in less effective aliasing artifact reduction for objects located away from the iso-center. To overcome this shortcoming,w e propose a new detector geometry. Computer simulations have shown that further aliasing artifact reduction can be achieved for off-centered objects. In addition, an improvement in in-plane resolution can be realized, due to an increase in the magnification factor and a reduction in the effective detector cell cross-section. We further show that a closed form solution for the tomographic reconstruction is possible when certain constraints are met.
Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia is Not What It was A Lesson Learned from a Large Prospective Screening and Intervention Program (2009)

Controversies regarding the pathophysiology of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) has hampered the development of consensus about how to identify, follow up and treat the women and children with this serious complication. One reason for this is that knowledge about the condition derived from previous retrospective studies do not necessarily conform with data derived from prospective investigations. The main obstacle to introduction of general screening programs to identify the pregnancies to treat, have been lack of reliable risk factors, and an effective treatment. Now, several recent prospective screening programs including up to 100,000 pregnant women has changed the understanding of the NAIT-pathology, and has shown that we are close to answering these critical questions.
Characterisation of antibody models of the ryanodine receptor for use in high-throughput screening† (1998)

The syntheses of seven novel synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring insecticide ryanodine are described. These, and other synthetic and naturally occurring analogues, have been used to characterise the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody which has been produced by immunisation with 9-hydroxy-21-(4-azidobenzyloxy)-9-epiryanodine photo-conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The antibody binds [3H]ryanodine with a dissociation constant of 0·37 nM. The specificity of this antibody in terms of its ability to recognise 11 natural and synthetic analogues of ryanodine has been determined by [3H]ryanodine displacement and shown to be similar (for a partially overlapping set of analogues) to that determined earlier for a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Kahl, S. D., et al., Anal. Biochem., 218 (1994) 55–62). The selectivity of the antibodies is shown to be related to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel from rabbit skeletal muscle, both for this set of ryanodine analogues and for three structurally dissimilar, low-molecular-weight compounds identified by high-throughput screening. The advantages of these antibody models of the Ca2+ release channel for screening are illustrated by their superior performance in a homogeneous binding assay. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Conversion of Tumors into Autologous Vaccines by Intratumoral Injection of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">α</mml:mi></mml:math>-Gal Glycolipids that Induce Anti-Gal/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">α</mml:mi></mml:math>-Gal Epitope Interaction (2011)

Anti-Gal is the most abundant antibody in humans, constituting 1% of immunoglobulins. Anti-Gal binds specifically α-gal epitopes (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R). Immunogenicity of autologous tumor associated antigens (TAA) is greatly increased by manipulating tumor cells to express α-gal epitopes and bind anti-Gal. Glycolipids with αgal epitopes (α-gal glycolipids) injected into tumors insert into the tumor cell membrane. Anti-Gal binding to the multiple α-gal epitopes de novo presented on the tumor cells results in targeting of these cells to APC via the interaction between the Fc portion of the bound anti-Gal and Fcγ; receptors on APC. The APC process and present immunogenic TAA peptides and thus, effectively activate tumor specific CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells which destroy tumor cells in micrometastases. The induced immune response is potent enough to overcome immunosuppression by Treg cells. A phase I clinical trial indicated that α-gal glycolipid treatment has no adverse effects. In addition to achieving destruction of micrometastases in cancer patients with advance disease, α-gal glycolipid treatment may be effective as neo-adjuvant immunotherapy. Injection of α-gal glycolipids into primary tumors few weeks prior to resection can induce a protective immune response capable of destroying micrometastases expressing autologous TAA, long after primary tumor resection.
Fourier Ptychography – Towards Perfect Microscope (2014)

We illustrate the principle of Fourier ptychography, a super-resolution imaging scheme, and demonstrated its capability to achieve high resolution, large field-of-view, aberration free, magnitude and quantitative phase images using LED matrix and conventional microscope.
Characterization of novel conformation-selective α-synuclein antibodies as potential immunotherapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases for which there is no disease-modifying treatment. PD and DLB are characterized by aggregation of the synaptic protein α-synuclein, and there is compelling evidence to suggest that progression of these diseases is associated with the trans-cellular spread of pathogenic α-synuclein through the brains of afflicted individuals. Therapies targeting extracellular, pathogenic α-synuclein may therefore hold promise for slowing or halting disease progression. In this regard, it has been suggested that highly-selective antibodies can be administered as therapeutic agents targeting pathogenic proteins. In the current study, we screened a series of antibodies using multiple selection criterion to identify those that selectively bind pathogenic α-synuclein and show potent inhibition of pathology seeding in a neuronal model of α-synucleinopathy. A lead antibody was tested in a mouse model of PD, and it was able to reduce the spread of α-synuclein pathology in the brain and attenuate dopamine reductions in the striatum. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of α-synuclein immunotherapy for the treatment of PD and DLB, and provides a framework for screening of α-synuclein antibodies to identify those with preferred properties.
Methods for enhanced harmonic transposition (2011)

In systems for High Frequency Reconstruction (HFR) employing harmonic transposition, there is a risk of introducing artifacts due to conflicting design goals for stationary, transient, and periodic signals. We describe a filter bank implementation of the transposer which addresses this problem by window design, frequency domain oversampling, and cross products.
A polyoxometalate redox flow battery: functionality and upscale (2019)

Abstract While redox flow batteries carry a large potential for electricity storage, specifically for regenerative energies, the current technology-prone system—the all-vanadium redox flow battery—exhibits two major disadvantages: low energy and low power densities. Polyoxometalates have the potential to mitigate both effects. In this publication, the operation of a polyoxometalate redox flow battery was demonstrated for the polyoxoanions [SiW12O40]4– (SiW12) in the anolyte and [PV14O42]9– (PV14) in the catholyte. Emphasis was laid on comparing to which extent an upscale from 25 to 1400 cm2 membrane area may impede efficiency and operational parameters. Results demonstrated that the operation of the large cell for close to 3 months did not diminish operation and the stability of polyoxometalates was unaltered.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement. (2010)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo[1,5‐a][1,2,4]‐triazolo[1,5‐d][1,4]benzodiazepines as Potent and Highly Selective GABA<sub>A</sub> α5 Inverse Agonists with Potential for the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scaled Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes, Nanoribbons, and Nanococoons Using Direct Feedstock Injection into an Extended-Pressure, Inductively-Coupled Thermal Plasma (2014)

A variable pressure (up to 10 atm) powder/gas/liquid injection inductively coupled plasma system has been developed and used to produce high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) at continuous production rates of 35 g/h. Under suitable conditions, collapsed BN nanotubes (i.e., nanoribbons), and closed shell BN capsules (i.e., nanococoons) are also obtained. The process is adaptable to a large variety of feedstock materials.
A Titanium Nitride based Metamaterial for Applications in the Visible (2013)

Epitaxially grown TiN/Al0.6Sc0.4N superlattice behaves as a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) in the visible range. Since HMMs enhance photonic-density-of-states and reduce lifetime of an emitter, we observed nine times decrease in lifetime of a dye molecule placed close to this HMM.
<i>Vinca</i> alkaloids XXXIV. Preparation of des‐N<sub>a</sub>‐methyl‐vindoline by microbiological conversion of vindoline, a major alkaloid from <i>Vinca rosea</i><scp>L</scp> (1974)

Abstract The conversion of vindoline (II) using S. albogriseolus led to the isolation of several compounds including des‐N a ‐methyl vindoline (III) in 8–10% yield.
Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Block, Graft, and Star Copolymers (2017)

In this book chapter, we focus on recent advances in thermoplastic elastomers based on synthetic polymers from the aspects of polymer architectures such as linear block, graft, and star copolymers. The first section is an introduction that covers a brief history and classification of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). The second section summarizes ABA triblock copolymers synthesized by various methods for TPE applications. The third section reviews TPEs based on graft copolymers, and the fourth section reviews TPEs based on star copolymers. The differences between TPE research in academia and industry are addressed in the last section as a perspective, with a view toward the generation of new, advanced, commercially viable TPEs.
Adapting software fault isolation to contemporary CPU architectures (2010)

Most of the microhaematocrit centrifuges (MCH) in Nigerian health institutions have ceased to function due to lack of spare parts and poor servicing. The author carried out a study using the angle-head centrifuge (AHC) for estimating packed cell volume. The efficiency of packing was identical for both the AHC and MHC with a similar short time for centrifugation.
Dense Bodies of a gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131 Pentamer-Repaired Towne Strain of Human Cytomegalovirus Induce an Enhanced Neutralizing Antibody Response (2019)

The development of a vaccine against human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV) is a high-priority medical goal. The viral pentameric protein complex consisting of glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/UL128-131A (PC) is considered to be an important vaccine component. Its relevance to the induction of a protective antibody response is, however, still a matter of debate. We addressed this issue by using subviral dense bodies (DBs) of HCMV. DBs are exceptionally immunogenic. Laboratory HCMV strain DBs harbor important neutralizing antibody targets, like the glycoproteins B, H, L, M, and N, but they are devoid of the PC. To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). This strain synthesized PC-positive DBs upon infection of fibroblasts. These DBs were used in side-by-side immunizations with PC-negative Towne DBs. Mouse and rabbit sera were tested to address the impact of the PC on DB immunogenicity. The neutralizing antibody response to PC-positive DBs was superior to that of PC-negative DBs, as tested on fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells and for both animal species used. The experiments revealed the potential of the PC to enhance the antibody response against HCMV. Of particular interest was the finding that PC-positive DBs induced an antibody response that blocked the infection of fibroblasts by a PC-positive viral strain more efficiently than sera following immunizations with PC-negative particles.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Infections with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe and even life-threatening disease manifestations in newborns and immunosuppressed individuals. Several strategies for the development of a vaccine against this virus are currently pursued. A critical question in this respect refers to the antigenic composition of a successful vaccine. Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. We further show for the first time that this not only relates to the infection of epithelial or endothelial cells; the presence of the PC in the particles also enhanced the neutralizing antibody response against the infection of fibroblasts by HCMV. Together, these findings argue in favor of including the PC in strategies for HCMV vaccine development.