gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli K-12. (1979)

The Escherichia coli lexA gene encodes a product important in induction of the recA gene and the expression of various cellular functions, including mutagenesis and prophage induction. As a start in a biochemical analysis of the lexA function, a family of lambda transducing phages carrying lexA+, lexA3, lexA3 spr-54, and lexA3 spr-55 alleles of the lexA gene was isolated and characterized. Polypeptides synthesized by these phages were examined. lambdalexA+ made a distinctive protein 24 kilodaltons (kd) in size. Lambda lexA3, which encodes an active mutant form of the protein dominant to wild-type function, made a slightly larger protein 25 kd in size. The latter protein was shown to be the mutant lexA3 gene product by the fact that lambda lexA3 spr-55, which carries an amber mutation in lexA3, made the 25-kd protein in hosts with an amber suppressor but not in a suppressor-free host. In hosts carrying a multicopy lexA3 plasmid, neither the 25-kd nor the 24-kd protein was made. This result suggests that lexA is autoregulated and that expression of the 24-kd protein made by lambda lexA+ is subject to the same controls. This and other evidence argues that the 24-kd protein is the product of the wild-type lexA+ gene.
Incomplete Protection against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaginal Transmission in Rhesus Macaques by a Topical Antiviral Agent Revealed by Repeat Challenges (2008)

The rising prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in women, especially in resource-limited settings, accentuates the need for accessible, inexpensive, and female-controlled preexposure prophylaxis strategies to prevent mucosal transmission of the virus. While many compounds can inactivate HIV-1 in vitro, evaluation in animal models for mucosal transmission of virus may help identify which approaches will be effective in vivo. Macaques challenged intravaginally with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV(mac251)) provide a model to preclinically evaluate candidate microbicides. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) prevents HIV-1 and SIV infection of target cells at subtoxic doses in vitro. Consistent with these findings, intravaginal challenge of macaques with SIV(mac251) preincubated with BCD prevented mucosal transmission, as measured by plasma viremia and antiviral antibodies, through 10 weeks postchallenge. In an initial challenge, BCD applied topically prior to SIV(mac251) prevented intravaginal transmission of virus compared to controls (P < 0.0001). However, upon a second virus challenge following BCD pretreatment, the majority of the previously protected animals became infected. The mechanism through which animals become infected at a frequency similar to that of controls after prior exposure to BCD and SIV(mac251) in subsequent intravaginal virus challenges (P = 0.63), despite the potent antiviral properties of BCD, remains to be determined. These results highlight the unpredictability of antiviral compounds as topical microbicides and suggest that repeated exposures to candidate treatments should be considered for in vivo evaluation.
Automatic 3D Cell Analysis in High-Throughput Microarray Using Micropillar and Microwell Chips (2015)

Area-based and intensity-based 3D cell viability measurement methods are compared in high-throughput screening in order to analyze their effects on the assay results (doubling time and IC50) and their repeatability. Many other 3D cell-based high-throughput screening platforms had been previously introduced, but these had not clearly addressed the effects of the two methods on the assay results and assay repeatability. In this study, the optimal way to analyze 3D cultured cells is achieved by comparing day-to-day data of doubling times and IC50 values obtained from the two methods. In experiments, the U251 cell line is grown in chips. The doubling time, based on the area of the 3D cells, was 27.8 ± 1.8 h (standard deviation: 6.6%) and 27.8 ± 3.8 h (standard deviation: 13.7%) based on the intensity of the 3D cells. The doubling time calculated by area shows a smaller standard deviation than one calculated by intensity. IC50 values calculated by both methods are very similar. The standard deviations of IC50 values for the two methods were within ± 3-fold. The IC50 variations of the 12 compounds were similar regardless of the viability measurement methods and were highly related to the shape of the dose-response curves.
Relationship of polymorphisms near the rat prolactin, N-ras, and retinoblastoma genes with susceptibility to estrogen-induced pituitary tumors. (1990)

Chronic treatment of rats with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol is known to induce the formation of pituitary tumors, and such tumor induction is highly dependent on the strain of rat used. We examined three previously discovered restriction fragment length polymorphisms in rats to determine whether these correlated with susceptibility to tumor formation. The results indicate that the presence of particular alleles of the polymorphic N-ras and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes does not correlate with tumor susceptibility. A polymorphism upstream of the rat prolactin (Prl) gene is due to the presence or absence of an Alu-like sequence. Results of this study indicate that animals bearing the allele lacking this Alu-like insertion are more likely to develop larger pituitary tumors in response to diethylstilbestrol than are animals in which the Prl allele contains the insertion. In addition, we show that the N-ras, Rb, and Prl genes are dispersed in the rat genome and that the polymorphic alleles of the Prl genes are segregating as classical Mendelian alleles. These results suggest that the difference in the Prl gene itself or in some closely linked gene is related to tumor resistance or susceptibility.
Human segmentation based on disparity map and GrabCut (2012)

Human segmentation plays an important role in vision analysis due to its importance for applications such as 3D pose estimation, human behavior analysis, body parameter estimation and image compositing. In this paper, we present a new human segmentation method that can segment human from the complex background environment without using background subtraction like algorithms and motion estimation algorithms. Initially, semi-global stereo matching algorithm was used to get the coarse disparity map. Then GrabCut was used on the disparity space image to get the human's coarse silhouette. After some erosion morphology operations, the silhouette obtained from the disparity space image was used as the input marks for the GrabCut, which was used on the color image to get accurate human segmentation. Results show that the proposed method can have a good performance.
Acoustic Holographic Rendering with Two-dimensional Metamaterial-based Passive Phased Array (2016)

Acoustic holographic rendering in complete analogy with optical holography are useful for various applications, ranging from multi-focal lensing, multiplexed sensing and synthesizing three-dimensional complex sound fields. Conventional approaches rely on a large number of active transducers and phase shifting circuits. In this paper we show that by using passive metamaterials as subwavelength pixels, holographic rendering can be achieved without cumbersome circuitry and with only a single transducer, thus significantly reducing system complexity. Such metamaterial-based holograms can serve as versatile platforms for various advanced acoustic wave manipulation and signal modulation, leading to new possibilities in acoustic sensing, energy deposition and medical diagnostic imaging.
Parsing Screenplays for Extracting Social Networks from Movies (2014)

In this paper, we present a formalization of the task of parsing movie screenplays. While researchers have previously motivated the need for parsing movie screenplays, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that has presented an evaluation for the task. Moreover, all the approaches in the literature thus far have been regular expression based. In this paper, we present an NLP and ML based approach to the task, and show that this approach outperforms the regular expression based approach by a large and statistically significant margin. One of the main challenges we faced early on was the absence of training and test data. We propose a methodology for using well structured screenplays to create training data for anticipated anomalies in the structure
Film thickness and traction measurements of refrigerant R1233zd used as lubricant in elastohydrodynamic conditions (2014)

This study presents film thickness and friction measurements of the refrigerant R1233zd (E-1-chloro-3,3,3,trifluoropropene-1) in a tribological contact. For the film thickness, optical interferometry technique with glass–steel contact is used in a ball-disc configuration, whilst for the traction measurements (Stribeck and traction curves), a contact ceramic ball–steel disc is used. In both cases, the Wedeven Associates Machines-5 tribometer is employed. An attempt to model the film thickness results is also carried out. The model gives a reasonably good prediction with respect to the experiments.
Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate as Salt for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2007)

Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate is reported as a salt for high-performance lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and power capability. The experimental results showed that lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, , can be reduced at about vs and forms a robust protective SEI film on the graphite surface, as lithium bis(oxalato)borate does. The lithium-ion cells using lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate-based electrolyte had very good capacity retention at 55°C. The lithium-ion cells using the lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate-based electrolyte had very low interfacial impedance. Therefore, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate is a promising salt for advanced lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity retention and power capability.
Reliability and validity of a structured interview guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) (2001)

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, a widely used clinical interview assessment tool, lacks instructions for administration and clear anchor points for the assignment of severity ratings. We developed a Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SIGH-A) and report on a study comparing this version to the traditional form of this scale. Experienced interviewers from three Anxiety Disorders research sites conducted videotaped interviews using both traditional and structured instruments in 89 participants. A subset of the tapes was co-rated by all raters. Participants completed self-report symptom questionnaires. We observed high inter-rater and test-retest reliability using both formats. The structured format produced similar but consistently higher (+ 4.2) scores. Correlation with a self-report measure of overall anxiety was also high and virtually identical for the two versions. We conclude that in settings where extensive training is not practical, the structured scale is an acceptable alternative to the traditional Hamilton Anxiety instrument.
One Ligand Fits All:  Cationic Mono(amidinate) Alkyl Catalysts over the Full Size Range of the Group 3 and Lanthanide Metals (2004)

Using a sterically demanding amidinate ancillary ligand and an in situ alkylation procedure, neutral mono(amidinate) dialkyl and cationic mono(amidinate) monoalkyl complexes were prepared for metals spanning the full size range of the group 3 and lanthanide metals. The activity of the cationic monoalkyls in catalytic ethene polymerization was found to vary by over 2 orders of magnitude depending on the metal ionic radius, the intermediate metal sizes being found to be the most effective.
Coarse Granular Optical Routing Networks Utilizing Fine Granular Add/Drop (2013)

We propose a novel network architecture that exploits coarse granular routing while add/drop operations are done at wavelength granularity. For the proposal, we introduce a node architecture and a network design algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed architecture’s performance approaches that of single-layer optical path networks while substantially reducing hardware scale.
On-body performance of wearable UWB textile antenna with full ground plane (2016)

A wearable UWB antenna is proposed and analyzed in this paper, which is totally fabricated with textile materials, except the feeding connector for testing. By implementing a multilayered structure, the antenna obtains a good matching over the whole UWB band while keeping its low profile. The performance of the antenna is unaffected when worn on the human body due to the shielding by the full ground plane placed under the patch. Besides that, high on-body fidelity and a robust performance are produced when the antenna is studied under several types of deformations.
‘SWEATCH’: A Wearable Platform for Harvesting and Analysing Sweat Sodium Content (2016)

Abstract A platform for harvesting and analysing the sodium content of sweat in real time is presented. One is a ‘watch’ format in which the sampling and fluidic system, electrodes, circuitry and battery are arranged vertically, while in the other ‘pod’ format, the electronics and battery components, and the fluidics electrodes are arranged horizontally. The platforms are designed to be securely attached to the skin using a velcro strap. Sweat enters into the device through a sampling orifice and passes over solid‐state sodium‐selective and reference electrodes and into a storage area containing a high capacity adsorbent material. The liquid movement is entirely driven by capillary action, and the flow rate through the device can be mediated through variation of the width of a fluidic channel linking the electrodes to the sample storage area. Changing the width dimension through 750, 500 and 250 µm produces flow rates of 38.20, 21.48 and 6.61 µL/min, respectively. Variation of the sweat uptake rate and the storage volume capacity enables the duration of usage to be varied according to the needs of the user. The devices can be easily disassembled to replace the electrodes and the high capacity adsorbant material. The storage sweat is available for subsequent measurement of the total volume of sweat harvested and the average concentration of sodium over the period of use. Signals generated by the electrodes are passed to a custom designed electronics board with high input impedance to accurately capture the voltage. The real‐time data is transmitted wirelessly using incorporated Bluetooth circuitry to a remote basestation (laptop, mobile phone, tablet) for data visualization and storage in standard formats. Results obtained during trials over a period of ca. 30 minutes controlled exercise are consistent with previously published data, showing a gradual relatively slow increase of the sodium concentration in the sweat during this period.
Racial Differences in Acceptability and Availability of Drugs and Early Initiation of Substance Use (1990)

This paper examines differences among three racial groups in exposure to three risk factors for drug use (availability of drugs, acceptability of drug use, and peer alcohol use), and the relationship of these factors to drug use initiation in a sample of preadolescent urban youths. Tobacco and alcohol initiation rates were highest among Whites, lower among Blacks, and lowest among Asian-Americans. Paralleling these differences, White youths reported the greatest access to marijuana, greatest parental tolerance of substance use, and greatest intentions to use drugs as adults. Blacks somewhat less, and Asian-Americans the least. No racial differences appear in the proportion who reported that their peers used alcohol. Marijuana availability and peer use predicted substance initiation for all three racial groups. However, intentions to use substances as an adult and perceived parental tolerance of substance use predicted drug use only for White and Asian-American youths, while the expectation of punishment for drug use predicted lower drug use only among Black youths. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Renalase Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension and Stroke (2011)

Renalase is a novel, recently identified, flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase. It is secreted by the kidney and metabolizes circulating catecholamines. Renalase has significant hemodynamic effects, therefore it is likely to participate in the regulation of cardiovascular function.The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of renalase gene polymorphisms in hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients. A total of 892 patients and 400 controls were genotyped with three SNPs in the renalase gene. The C allele of rs2296545 SNP was associated with hypertension (P < 0.01). For rs2576178 SNP, frequencies in hypertensive patients differed from controls, but not from normotensive patients. For rs10887800 SNP, the differences in the G allele frequencies were observed in hypertensive patients with stroke, with 66% of patients being GG homozygotes. To confirm observed association we later genotyped 130 stroke patients without diabetes. The OR for risk allele was 1.79 (95% CI 1.33-2.41). In conclusion, the renalase gene polymorphism was associated with hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients. The most interesting result is a strong association of the rs10887800 polymorphism with stroke in patients with and without diabetes. The G allele of this polymorphism might thus be useful in identifying diabetes patients at increased risk of stroke.
The Heparin Binding Site of Protein C Inhibitor Is Protease-dependent (2008)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors with many biological functions and broad inhibitory specificity. Its major targets in blood are thrombin and activated protein C (APC), and the inhibition of both enzymes can be accelerated by glycosaminoglycans, including heparin. Acceleration of thrombin and APC inhibition by PCI requires that both protease and inhibitor bind to the same heparin chain to form a bridged Michaelis complex. However, the position of the heparin binding site of APC is opposite to that of thrombin, and formation of the bridged complexes must require either radical reorientation of the proteases relative to PCI or alternate heparin binding modes for PCI. In this study, we investigate how heparin bridges thrombin and APC to PCI by determining the effect of mutations in and around the putative heparin binding site of PCI. We found that heparin binds PCI in a linear fashion along helix H to bridge thrombin, consistent with our recent crystal structure (3B9F), but that it must rotate by approximately 60 degrees to engage Arg-229 to bridge APC. To gain insight into the possible modes of heparin binding to PCI, we solved a crystal structure of cleaved PCI bound to an octasaccharide heparin fragment to 1.55 angstroms resolution. The structure reveals a binding mode across the N terminus of helix H to engage Arg-229 and align the heparin binding site of APC. A molecular model for the heparin-bridged PCI.APC complex was built based on mutagenesis and structural data.
KHATT: Arabic Offline Handwritten Text Database (2012)

In this paper, we report our comprehensive Arabic offline Handwritten Text database (KHATT) after completion of the collection of 1000 handwritten forms written by 1000 writers from different countries. It is composed of an image database containing images of the written text at 200, 300, and 600 dpi resolutions, a manually verified ground truth database that contains meta-data describing the written text at the page, paragraph, and line levels. A formal verification procedure is implemented to align the handwritten text with its ground truth at the form, paragraph and line levels. Tools to extract paragraphs from pages and segment paragraphs into lines are developed. Preliminary experiments on Arabic handwritten text recognition are conducted using sample data from the database and the results are reported. The database will be made freely available to researchers world-wide for research in various handwritten-related problems such as text recognition, writer identification and verification, etc.
Glycolipids from <i>Candida bombicola</i>:  Polymerization of a 6-<i>O</i>-Acryloyl Sophorolipid Derivative (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTGlycolipids from Candida bombicola: Polymerization of a 6-O-Acryloyl Sophorolipid DerivativeKirpal S. Bisht, Wei Gao, and Richard A. GrossView Author Information Polytechnic University, NSF Center for Biocatalysis and Bioengineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201 Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 17, 6208–6210Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2000Publication History Received31 January 2000Revised25 May 2000Published online3 August 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0001537https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0001537rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Copolymers,Hydroxyls,Organic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A Model-Free Cross-Coupled Control for Position Synchronization of Multi-Axis Motions: Theory and Experiments (2007)

In this brief, a model-free cross-coupled controller is proposed for position synchronization of multi-axis motions. The position synchronization error of each axis is defined as the differential position error between this axis and its two adjacent axes, which is then coupled with the position error to form a coupled position error. A proportional and derivative (PD)-type synchronization controller with feedback of this coupled position error is proposed and proven to guarantee asymptotic convergence to zero of both position and synchronization errors in a setpoint position control. A setpoint tracking controller is further developed by adding feedforward control terms and a saturation function to the PD synchronization controller. The proposed method is easy to implement in practice since it is model free and the control gains are time-invariant. Experiments are performed to verify effectiveness of the proposed approach
Topiramate Moderately Reduces the Motivation to Consume Alcohol and Has a Marked Antidepressant Effect in Rats (2007)

With acute administration, TPM is moderately effective and relatively selective in reducing the drive to consume alcohol in Wistar rats. This anti-alcohol effect is modest in comparison with naloxone and appears to dissipate under conditions of chronic treatment and ad libitum alcohol access. A marked antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test and partial anxiolytic effects in other animal models suggests that TPM may be a beneficial treatment for affective disorders. These preliminary results suggest further research is warranted to resolve the mechanisms involved in TPM modulation of both mood and alcohol consumption.