gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An endothelin receptor B antagonist inhibits growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (1999)

Activation of the endothelin receptor B (ETRB) in cultured melanocyte precursors promotes cell proliferation while inhibiting differentiation, two hallmarks of malignant transformation. We therefore tested whether ETRB has a similar role in malignant transformation of melanoma. When tested in culture, we find that the selective ETRB antagonist BQ788 can inhibit the growth of seven human melanoma cell lines, but not a human kidney cell line. This inhibition often is associated with increases in pigmentation and in the dendritic shape that is characteristic of mature melanocytes. In three cell lines we also observe a major increase in cell death. In contrast, the endothelin receptor A (ETRA) antagonist BQ123 does not have these effects, although all the cell lines express both ETRA and ETRB mRNA. Extending these studies in vivo, we find that administration of BQ788 significantly slows human melanoma tumor growth in nude mice, including a complete growth arrest in half of the mice treated systemically. Histological examination of tumor sections suggests that BQ788 also enhances melanoma cell death in vivo. Thus, ETRB inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of melanoma.
Efficient analysis/synthesis of percussion musical instrument sounds using an all-pole model (2002)

It is well-known that an impulse-excited, all-pole filter is capable of representing many physical phenomena, including the oscillatory modes of percussion musical instruments like woodblocks, xylophones, or chimes. In contrast to the more common application of all-pole models to speech, however, practical problems arise in music synthesis due to the location of poles very close to the unit circle. The objective of this work was to develop algorithms to find excitation and filter parameters for synthesis of percussion instrument sounds using only an inexpensive all-pole filter chip (TI TSP50C1x). The paper describes analysis methods for dealing with pole locations near the unit circle, as well as a general method for modeling the transient attack characteristics of a particular sound while independently controlling the amplitudes of each oscillatory mode.
A simple model for examining issues in radiotherapy optimization (1999)

Convolution/superposition software has been used to produce a library of photon pencil beam dose matrices. This library of pencil beams is designed to serve as a tool for both education and investigation in the field of radiotherapy optimization. The elegance of this pencil beam model stems from its cylindrical symmetry. Because of the symmetry, the dose distribution for a pencil beam from any arbitrary angle can be determined through a simple rotation of a pre-computed dose matrix. Rapid dose calculations can thus be performed while maintaining the accuracy of a convolution/superposition based dose computation. The pencil beam data sets have been made publicly available. It is hoped that the data sets will facilitate a comparison of a variety of optimization and delivery approaches. This paper will present a number of studies designed to demonstrate the usefulness of the pencil beam data sets. These studies include an examination of the extent to which a treatment plan can be improved through either an increase in the number of beam angles and/or a decrease in the collimator size. A few insights into the significance of heterogeneity corrections for treatment planning for intensity modulated radiotherapy will also be presented.
Improved radioimmunoassay for thymosin. cap alpha. 1 recognizes the N-14 amino terminus (1986)

Thymosin ..cap alpha../sub 1/(T..cap alpha../sub 1/) is a biologically active thymic peptide currently undergoing trials as an immunomodulator in cancer patients and patients with immunodeficiencies. Abnormally elevated levels of T..cap alpha../sub 1/ have been found in the serum of individuals with or at risk for AIDS, with T-cell leukemias, and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Absorption of the current antibody with a synthetic C-14 fragment of T..cap alpha../sub 1/ results in an antisera specific for the N-14 amino terminus of T..cap alpha../sub 1/, which measures significantly higher levels of T..cap alpha../sub 1/ in serum from normal individuals and significantly increases the sensitivity of the assay. Ongoing studies indicate that this new RIA for T..cap alpha../sub 1/ will be useful in monitoring changes of immunoreactive T..cap alpha../sub 1/ in serum with age and in patients with known or suspected T-cell abnormalities.
TEAM: ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor Model (2012)

Memristive devices are novel devices, which can be used in applications ranging from memory and logic to neuromorphic systems. A memristive device offers several advantages: nonvolatility, good scalability, effectively no leakage current, and compatibility with CMOS technology, both electrically and in terms of manufacturing. Several models for memristive devices have been developed and are discussed in this paper. Digital applications such as memory and logic require a model that is highly nonlinear, simple for calculations, and sufficiently accurate. In this paper, a new memristive device model is presented-TEAM, ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor model. This model is flexible and can be fit to any practical memristive device. Previously published models are compared in this paper to the proposed TEAM model. It is shown that the proposed model is reasonably accurate and computationally efficient, and is more appropriate for circuit simulation than previously published models.
Antineoplastic agents. 1. Synthesis and antineoplastic activities of chloroethyl- and methylnitrosourea analogs of thymidine (1978)

A new class of chloroethyl- and methylnitrosourea analogues of thymidine, 5a,b, 6, 10, and 11, has been synthesized from the corresponding amino nucleosides, 2 and 7. The 3'-chloroethyl and 3'-methyl derivatives, 10 and 11, inhibited L1210 cell growth in culture (ED50 = 1.5 and 1.0 micrometer, respectively) more effectively than 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) (ED50 = 4 micrometer) and the 5'-nitrosourea analogues. Neither the alkylating nor the carbamoylating activities of these compounds correlated with their biological activity.
Overlapping quadrifilar resonant helix antenna (1990)

An overlapping quadrifilar helix antenna is designed for mobile-satellite-communications systems. The mutual coupling effect gives a good impedance match in both the receive and the transmit frequency bands.
Platelet-derived growth factor applications in periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration (2011)

Current available evidence supports the use of rhPDGF-enhanced matrices to promote periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration.
Abstract 15670: Relationship Between Baseline Cardiac Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Death or Hospitalization for Heart Failure in DECLARE-TIMI 58 (2019)

Introduction: Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (CVD/HHF) in patients (pts) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in DECLARE-TIMI 58....
Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Manufactured by Single Step Co-firing Process (2007)

Anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were fabricated by a single step co-firing process. The cells were composed of a Ni yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode, a YSZ electrolyte, an industrial Ca-doped (LCM) (or lab-made LCM) YSZ cathode active layer, and an industrial LCM (or lab-made LCM) cathode current collector layer. The fabrication processes involved tape casting of the anode, screen printing of the electrolyte and the cathode, and one step co-firing of the green-state cells at for . The performance of the cells was greatly improved by optimization of these materials and fabrication processes. The electrochemical performance tests of these cells showed that they could provide a stable power density of 0.2– with hydrogen as fuel and air as oxidant while operating in the temperature range 700–. The effects of various polarization losses including ohmic polarization, activation polarization, and concentration polarization were studied by impedance spectroscopy measurements and curve-fitting experimentally measured voltage vs current density traces into an appropriate model. Based on these measurements and curve fitting results, the relationships between cell performance and various polarization losses and their dependence on temperature and microstructure, were rationalized.
Development of a numerical comparator for protective relaying. I (1996)

This paper derives, and explains the use of new numerical comparator concepts. These numerical techniques are new approaches to time domain based relaying algorithms. The initial treatment of the paper concentrates on the generalized idea of a phase comparator and the cylinder unit in particular. The focus in the cylinder unit is to extrapolate for digital relaying purposes, the benefits and characteristics of the well known and widely used relaying unit. The application of the numerical comparator techniques are illustrated with practical units. Distance, directional and over-threshold units illustrate the procedure to obtain protective relaying units using the numerical comparator concepts.
Adenovirus-36 Is Associated with Obesity in Children and Adults in Sweden as Determined by Rapid ELISA (2012)

Using a novel ELISA we show that Adv36 infection is associated with pediatric obesity, severe obesity in adult females and lower risk of high blood lipid levels in non-diabetic Swedish individuals.
Sulfated Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as Supports for Molecule-Based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts (2004)

Sulfated tin oxide particles with crystallite sizes of ∼5 nm were synthesized and used as effective supports for homogeneous zirconium hydrocarbyl olefin polymerization and arene hydrogenation catalysis.
Enzymology of Kraft Pulp Bleaching by <i>Trametes versicolor</i> (1996)

Trametes versicolor and other white-rot fungi can lower the residual lignin content (kappa number) and increase brightness of kraft pulps without diminishing the pulps' strength or yield. Experiments with 14C-labelled lignin indicate that the residual lignin is solubilized but not extensively mineralized by T. versicolor. Laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) are produced by the fungus during bleaching, but based on molecular modelling studies, they are unable to freely access residual lignin in the kraft pulp fibre wall. Two isozymes of laccase were purified and compared: both enzymes required a mediator such as ABTS for pulp delignification, and under optimum conditions could produce up to 55% lignin removal. However, several lines of evidence indicate that MnP is the key enzyme required for fungal bleaching. CDH has several potential roles in delignification, including generation of complexing agents and Mn(II) for MnP.
Ionically Conducting Composite Membranes from the Li <sub>2</sub> O–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –TiO <sub>2</sub> –P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> Glass–Ceramic (2007)

This paper reports processing of lithium ion‐conducting, composite membranes comprised of 14Li 2 O·9Al 2 O 3 ·38 TiO 2 ·39P 2 O 5 glass–ceramic and polyethylene. The processing involved tape casting of 14Li 2 O·9Al 2 O 3 ·38TiO 2 ·39P 2 O 5 glass powder with organic additives into tapes, subjecting the green tape to binder burnout and thermal soaking in the temperature range of 950°–1100°C, and finally infiltrating the porous tape with polyethylene solution. The ionic conductivity and microstructure of 150–350 μm thick membranes were characterized and are discussed in this paper. The crystallites of the glass–ceramic show liquid‐like conductivity at ambient temperature, whereas the grain boundary conductivity is lower by a factor of five. The lower grain boundary conductivity is explained on the basis of crystallographic mismatch and the existence of AlPO 4 at the grain boundary. The polyethylene infiltration in the porous membrane improved mechanical resilience with a minor adverse effect on conductivity.
Biomimetic Replication of Microscopic Metal–Organic Framework Patterns Using Printed Protein Patterns (2015)

It is demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be replicated in a biomimetic fashion from protein patterns. Bendable, fluorescent MOF patterns are formed with micrometer resolution under ambient conditions. Furthermore, this technique is used to grow MOF patterns from fingerprint residue in 30 s with high fidelity. This technique is not only relevant for crime-scene investigation, but also for biomedical applications.
Prostate-Specific Antigen in Cerebrospinal Fluid (1997)

Improved, highly sensitive methods for measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (1) have shown that PSA is present in many nonprostatic tissues and fluids (2). Briefly, studies indicate that PSA production in both physiological and pathological circumstances is not prostate- or sex-specific (3)(4)(5), but rather a steroid hormone-mediated response (6). PSA exists primarily in two immunoreactive forms: a ∼33-kDa monomer (F-PSA) and a ∼100-kDa complex with the protease inhibitor α1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT). In studies involving ultrasensitive methodologies (detection limit of 1 ng/L PSA), >50% of the sera from women have detectable PSA concentrations (2)(7). Data indicate that the immunoreactive PSA in sera from women without breast cancer is complexed with ACT, whereas F-PSA …
Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats (2012)

We describe the discovery and isolation of a paramyxovirus, feline morbillivirus (FmoPV), from domestic cat (Felis catus). FmoPV RNA was detected in 56 (12.3%) of 457 stray cats (53 urine, four rectal swabs, and one blood sample) by RT-PCR. Complete genome sequencing of three FmoPV strains showed genome sizes of 16,050 bases, the largest among morbilliviruses, because of unusually long 5' trailer sequences of 400 nt. FmoPV possesses identical gene contents (3'-N-P/V/C-M-F-H-L-5') and is phylogenetically clustered with other morbilliviruses. IgG against FmoPV N protein was positive in 49 sera (76.7%) of 56 RT-PCR-positive cats, but 78 (19.4%) of 401 RT-PCR-negative cats (P < 0.0001) by Western blot. FmoPV was isolated from CRFK feline kidney cells, causing cytopathic effects with cell rounding, detachment, lysis, and syncytia formation. FmoPV could also replicate in subsequent passages in primate Vero E6 cells. Infected cell lines exhibited finely granular and diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence on immunostaining for FmoPV N protein. Electron microscopy showed enveloped virus with typical "herringbone" appearance of helical N in paramyxoviruses. Histological examination of necropsy tissues in two FmoPV-positive cats revealed interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and tubular degeneration/necrosis in kidneys, with decreased cauxin expression in degenerated tubular epithelial cells, compatible with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunohistochemical staining revealed FmoPV N protein-positive renal tubular cells and mononuclear cells in lymph nodes. A case-control study showed the presence of TIN in seven of 12 cats with FmoPV infection, but only two of 15 cats without FmoPV infection (P < 0.05), suggesting an association between FmoPV and TIN.
High resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy based on frequency upconversion (2013)

We present high resolution upconversion of incoherent infrared radiation by means of sum-frequency mixing with a laser followed by simple CCD Si-camera detection. Noise associated with upconversion is, in strong contrast to room temperature direct mid-IR detection, extremely small, thus very faint signals can be analyzed. The obtainable frequency resolution is usually in the nm range where sub nm resolution is preferred in many applications, like gas spectroscopy. In this work we demonstrate how to obtain sub nm resolution when using upconversion. In the presented realization one object point is imaged through the upconverter. Assuming homogeneous spherical emission from the object point, the upconverted radiation will carry the spectral information as con-centric rings. From the optical path length and dispersion properties of the nonlinear material, the acceptance bandwidth of the upconversion process is calculated. It is then straightforward to deduce the spectral information of the light emitted from the object point by a simple analysis of the upconverted radiation. In order to increase resolution, a scanning Fabry-Perot etalon is inserted in a collimated geometry of the upconverted light generated by the crystal. The etalon is designed with a free-spectral range larger than the bandwidth of the upconversion process. Hence, the spectral resolution is now set by the finesse of the etalon. Based on this approach a spectral resolution of 0.2 nm has been reached around 2.9 μm. We demonstrate high resolution spectral performance by observing emission from hot water vapor in a butane gas burner.
DCIR-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection requires the ITIM-associated signal transduction pathway (2011)

Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed at high levels on dendritic cells (DCs). This surface molecule acts as an attachment factor for HIV-1 on DCs and contributes to trans- and cis-infection pathways. Moreover, DICR is induced by HIV-1 in CD4(+) T cells and promotes virus replication in this cell type. Nothing is known hitherto about the DCIR-dependent signaling, which is induced following HIV-1 ligation. First, specific pharmacologic inhibitors were tested on HIV-1 binding/entry and, second, specific antisense oligonucleotides targeted, more specifically kinases and phosphatases, were used. Our results show that SHP-1, SHP-2, Syk, and Src kinases (ie, Src, Fyn, and Hck) as well as PKC-α and MAP kinases (ie, Erk1/2 and p38) are all involved in the DCIR-mediated signal transduction pathway triggered by HIV-1. By mutagenesis and through the use of intracellular phosphorylated peptides, we show as well a pivotal role for the tyrosine and threonine residues of the DCIR immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Our data suggest for the first time an involvement of ITIM domain in HIV-1-mediated signaling events and a relationship between phosphorylation events and DCIR function with respect to HIV-1 biology.
A new six degrees of freedom position sensor greatly improves flexible manufacturing ‐ but will manufacturers adapt? (1998)

Claims that manufacturing industry needs better multi‐dimensional position sensors to keep pace with increased speed and capabilities of automated equipment and robots. The market for laser and vision sensors is growing at a rapid speed. However, most of the robot‐mounted sensors are one‐, two‐ or at most three‐dimensional, while the robotics industry has progressed to six‐axis machines, leaving a gross mismatch in its capability to perform and sense the required task. A new laser sensor described in this paper provides information on up to six degrees of position, enabling robots to sense as well as they can physically manipulate, and opening the door to vast improvements in flexible manufacturing. To expedite these improvements, the manufacturing industry should take a lead and not let an outdated norm hinder implementation.
Pseudonym Systems (Extended Abstract) (2000)

Abstract. Pseudonym systems allow users to interact with multiple organizations anonymously, using pseudonyms. The pseudonyms cannot be linked, but are formed in such away that a user can prove to one organization a statement about his relationship with another. Such a statement is called a credential. Previous work in this area did not protect the system against dishonest users who collectively use their pseudonyms and credentials, i.e., share an identity. Previous practical schemes also relied very heavily on the involvement of a trusted center. In the present paper we give a formal de nition of pseudonym systems where users are motivated not to share their identity, and in which the trusted center&apos;s involvement is minimal. We give theoretical constructions for such systems based on any one-way function. We also suggest an e cient and easy-to-implement practical scheme.
A chemiluminescent, magnetic particle-based immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen in human serum or plasma (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exposure in blood donors is determined serologically by the detection of anti-HCV antibodies in serum or plasma. However, a "window" period of 30-70 days after exposure exists where specific antibodies to HCV antigens are not detected. The use of nucleic acid testing for the detection of HCV RNA or antigen testing for the detection of HCV core protein have resulted in dramatic reductions in the pre-seroconversion window period. In this study, an automated HCV core antigen detection test was developed. This magnetic microparticle-based assay utilizes anti-HCV core monoclonal antibody to capture antigen present in human serum or plasma. Captured antigen is then detected using an anti-HCV core monoclonal antibody conjugated with a chemiluminescent compound. The specificity of this assay was established at 99% upon testing a population of normal volunteer blood donors. Sensitivity was determined by testing 16 commercially available HCV seroconversion panels representing genotypes 1a, 1b, 2b, and 3a. In each panel tested, HCV core antigen was detected prior to anti-HCV antibody, resulting in a reduction of the window period by greater than 23 days on average, and greater than 34 days on panels initially NAT negative. In addition, HCV core antigen was detected in >97% of HCV RNA positive/antibody negative specimens, exhibiting sensitivity nearly equivalent to nucleic acid testing in the pre-seroconversion window period for the panels examined.
The Novel Sensitivity Improved Surface Micromachined MEMS Microphone with the Center-Hole Membrane (2011)

Abstract We present a new capacitive type surface micromachined MEMS microphone with improved sensitivity and frequency response. In contrast to the bulk micromachined MEMS microphones, the surface MEMS microphone shows advantages of CMOS compatibility and no backside etching process [1] . However, the shallow back chamber depth and the small sensing gap of the surface MEMS microphone increase the air damping on the sensing membrane and reduce the overall sensitivity. In this paper, we proposed the center-hole membrane. The proposed center-hole on the sensing membrane reduces the air damping at the center and increases the membrane displacement. The fabricated surface MEMS microphone with center-hole membrane shows an improved sensitivity and frequency response. The displacement of center-hole membrane is increased to 168% for 500 μm diameter membrane and 172% for 700 μm diameter membrane at 10 kHz, with an equivalent acoustic pressure of 1 Pa and a bias of 6 V.
Convolutional Sparse Coding with Overlapping Group Norms (2017)

The most widely used form of convolutional sparse coding uses an $\ell_1$ regularization term. While this approach has been successful in a variety of applications, a limitation of the $\ell_1$ penalty is that it is homogeneous across the spatial and filter index dimensions of the sparse representation array, so that sparsity cannot be separately controlled across these dimensions. The present paper considers the consequences of replacing the $\ell_1$ penalty with a mixed group norm, motivated by recent theoretical results for convolutional sparse representations. Algorithms are developed for solving the resulting problems, which are quite challenging, and the impact on the performance of the denoising problem is evaluated. The mixed group norms are found to perform very poorly in this application. While their performance is greatly improved by introducing a weighting strategy, such a strategy also improves the performance obtained from the much simpler and computationally cheaper $\ell_1$ norm.