gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine in Healthy Volunteers and in Patients With AIDS With and Without Hepatic Disease (1992)

To understand whether disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects zidovudine disposition, we compared the drug's pharmacokinetics in six healthy volunteers; six persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and no evidence of gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), renal (elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine), or hepatic (elevated liver function tests) disease; and three patients with AIDS and hepatic disease. After a single oral dose of zidovudine, serial blood samples were analyzed for drug concentration by radioimmunoassay. A one-compartment oral absorption model was fit to the concentration-time data. The absorption rate constant (4.05 vs 2.11 hr-1) and time to maximum concentration (0.61 vs 1.03 hr) were significantly different in healthy volunteers versus patients with AIDS without hepatic disease. Differences in half-life, oral clearance, and area under the curve were not statistically significant. In the three patients with AIDS plus hepatic disease, clearance was reduced an average of 63%, and area under the curve was increased by a factor of 2.3. These comparative pharmacokinetic data do not support profound differences between zidovudine's disposition in healthy volunteers and individuals with AIDS; however, the differences and trends that were observed may represent an effect of HIV disease. Although the presence of hepatic disease clearly indicates a need to modify individual dosages, these pharmacokinetic data may have more generalized implications for zidovudine dosing as the relationships between drug concentration and therapeutic or toxic effects are clarified.
Difficulties of Simplicity (2016)

This paper attempts to show that the doctrine of divine simplicity suffers from difficulties which undermine its plausibility. The main difficulties explored are Plantinga’s problem of double identification, Pruss’ multiple attributes problem, and Schmitt’s co-specificity problem. In more recent years, defenders of the doctrine have offered a way out of these problems by interpreting it in light of a truthmaker account of predication. This paper analyzes this recent defense, among others, and attempts to show that this new interpretation of divine simplicity still has problems which undermine the plausibility of the doctrine.
Speeding up bulk-loading of quadtrees (1997)

Article Speeding up bulk-loading of quadtrees Share on Authors: Gísli R. Hjaltason Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile , Hanan Samet Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile , Yoram J. Sussmann Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Computer Science Department, Center for Automation Research and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile Authors Info & Claims GIS '97: Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Advances in geographic information systemsNovember 1997 Pages 50–53https://doi.org/10.1145/267825.267839Online:01 November 1997Publication History 13citation302DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads302Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
WINGS: A Parallel Indexer for Web Contents (2004)

In this paper we discuss the design of a parallel indexer for Web documents. By exploiting both data and pipeline parallelism, our prototype indexer efficiently builds a partitioned inverted compressed index, a suitable data structure commonly utilized by modern Web Search Engines. We discuss implementation issues and report the results of preliminary tests conducted on a SMP PCs.
Heterologous Amyloid Seeding: Revisiting the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

Neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein folding and ordered aggregation require an initial trigger which may be infectious, inherited, post-inflammatory or idiopathic. Proteolytic cleavage to generate vulnerable precursors, such as amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) production via beta and gamma secretases in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is one such trigger, but the proteolytic removal of these fragments is also aetiologically important. The levels of Abeta in the central nervous system are regulated by several catabolic proteases, including insulysin (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP). The known association of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) with pathological aggregates in AD together with its ability to increase Abeta fibrilization prompted us to search for proteolytic triggers that could enhance this process. The hAChE C-terminal domain (T40, AChE(575-614)) is an exposed amphiphilic alpha-helix involved in enzyme oligomerisation, but it also contains a conformational switch region (CSR) with high propensity for conversion to non-native (hidden) beta-strand, a property associated with amyloidogenicity. A synthetic peptide (AChE(586-599)) encompassing the CSR region shares homology with Abeta and forms beta-sheet amyloid fibrils. We investigated the influence of IDE and NEP proteolysis on the formation and degradation of relevant hAChE beta-sheet species. By combining reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry, we established that the enzyme digestion profiles on T40 versus AChE(586-599), or versus Abeta, differed. Moreover, IDE digestion of T40 triggered the conformational switch from alpha- to beta-structures, resulting in surfactant CSR species that self-assembled into amyloid fibril precursors (oligomers). Crucially, these CSR species significantly increased Abeta fibril formation both by seeding the energetically unfavorable formation of amyloid nuclei and by enhancing the rate of amyloid elongation. Hence, these results may offer an explanation for observations that implicate hAChE in the extent of Abeta deposition in the brain. Furthermore, this process of heterologous amyloid seeding by a proteolytic fragment from another protein may represent a previously underestimated pathological trigger, implying that the abundance of the major amyloidogenic species (Abeta in AD, for example) may not be the only important factor in neurodegeneration.
Localized soft elasticity in liquid crystal elastomers (2016)

Synthetic approaches to prepare designer materials that localize deformation, by combining rigidity and compliance in a single material, have been widely sought. Bottom-up approaches, such as the self-organization of liquid crystals, offer potential advantages over top-down patterning methods such as photolithographic control of crosslink density, relating to the ease of preparation and fidelity of resolution. Here, we report on the directed self-assembly of materials with spatial and hierarchical variation in mechanical anisotropy. The highly nonlinear mechanical properties of the liquid crystalline elastomers examined here enables strain to be locally reduced >15-fold without introducing compositional variation or other heterogeneities. Each domain (⩾0.01 mm(2)) exhibits anisotropic nonlinear response to load based on the alignment of the molecular orientation with the loading axis. Accordingly, we design monoliths that localize deformation in uniaxial and biaxial tension, shear, bending and crack propagation, and subsequently demonstrate substrates for globally deformable yet locally stiff electronics.
Distribution of Mn- and Cr-Containing Dispersoids in Al-Mg-Si-Alloys (2000)

The distribution of Mn- and Cr-containing dispersoids during different annealing of three Al-Mg-Si alloys with different content of Mn and Cr has been studied in detail by light microscope. Heating rate and step-annealing to different temperature have been the external parameters. The tendency to heterogeneous distribution of dispersoids was determined by the image analysis Kontron KS 300, and characterised by the parameter Ae defined as the area empty of dispersoids per unit area. The parameter Ae is a measure of regions empty of dispersoids in the material after a specific heat treatment. A tendency towards a nonuniform spatial distribution of dispersoids was related to the nucleation mechanisms of dispersoids and the microsegregation of the alloying elements after non-equilibrium solidification. It was demonstrate that a prerequisite for a homogenous spatial distribution of dispersoids is a heat treatment procedure that produce an abundant density of β'-Mg 2 Si- needle in a temperature range 250-350°C.
A Simple Method To Produce Dendrimer Nanodots over Centimeter Scales by Rapid Evaporation of Solvents (2001)

A simple method to produce aggregates of dendrimers in a form of nanometer-sized round dots over an area measured in centimeters is presented. The method is based on rapid evaporation of a solvent from a thin cast film of an electrolyte solution of polyamidoamine dendrimers on mica. Chemically specific adsorption, electrostatic interactions, phase transitions, and dewetting instabilities are shown not to be responsible for the dot formation. Changes in temperature and humidity have only little effect. There is a threshold evaporation rate above which the dots are formed. Once formed, the dot size and spacing are independent of the evaporation rate. The dot is also formed by different types of dendrimers and solutes, demonstrating the wide applicability of the present method.
Rare earth co-doping for increased the efficiency of resonantly pumped Er-fiber lasers (2019)

Rare earth co-doping of erbium with optically inactive ytterbium or lanthanum ions was investigated in silica fibers for resonant pumping of amplifiers and lasers. The co-dopants are optically inactive when pumped at 1475 nm and therefore their main role is to reduce erbium clustering in solution-doped fibers. We have demonstrated increased efficiencies compared to fibers where no co-dopants are used. With this technique, a single mode Er-La fiber with an Er ion concentration of 0.98x1025 ions/m3, exhibited a slope efficiency of 79.6% in a core-pumped master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) with a signal wavelength of 1560 nm.
SOLUSI POLUSI PADA INDUSTRI PETROKIMIA (2021)

Gangguan pernapasan di masa kanak-kanak telah meningkat pesat selama beberapa dekade terakhir, dan pengaruh paparan polutan udara telah menarik perhatian yang cukup besar. Studi epidemiologi menunjukkan bahwa paparan kronis terhadap polutan terkait lalu lintas, polutan fotokimia, dan materi partikulat (PM) memiliki efek buruk pada pertumbuhan paru-paru dan fungsi paru-paru. Senyawa organik yang mudah menguap (VOC) telah terbukti meningkatkan risiko asma dan dikaitkan dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari penanda inflamasi oksida nitrat dalam napas yang dihembuskan pada anak-anak. Limbah petrokimia juga mengandung kontaminan anorganik yang dapat mencemari tanah dan mengandung unsur logam. Meskipun logam seperti Co, Cu, Mn, Zn penting bagi manusia, logam tersebut juga dapat berbahaya pada tingkat paparan yang tinggi (Domingo, 1994; Chang, 1996). Ketika tumpahan minyak besar-besaran sesekali terjadi, tanah yang terkena dampak menjadi steril sementara karena bentuk mikroba sangat terhambat. Gangguan proses biokimia tanah yang penting seperti dekomposisi bahan organik, ammonifikasi, nitrifikasi, fiksasi nitrogen simbiosis dan non-simbiotik dan siklus geokimia elemen mungkin terjadi, dengan demikian membuat tanah seperti itu secara pertanian tidak produktif. (Odeyemi & Ogunseitan, 1985)
Towards an adaptive communication aid with text input from ambiguous keyboards (2003)

Ambiguous keyboards provide efficient typing with low motor demands. In our project1 concerning the development of a communication aid, we emphasize adaptation with respect to the sensory input. At the same time, we wish to impose individualized language models on the text determination process. UKO--II is an open architecture based on the Emacs text editor with a server/client interface for adaptive language models. Not only the group of motor impaired people but also users of watch--sized devices can profit from this ambiguous typing.
Achieving Corporative Behavior in Heterogeneous Agents using Hierarchic Reinforcement Learning : An approach to Piano Mover Problem (2002)

均質なエージェント群である内部エージェント群と外部エージェントを一個体として扱うマルチエージェントシステムを提案する。各エージェントの学習機構として, 強化学習を用いる。本報では, ピアノ問題を取り上げ, 内部エージェントと外部エージェントの協調行動獲得を目的とする。衝突回避を学習した内部エージェント群と外部エージェントの協調について検討する。
Convergence of Global Financial Services (1997)

Speech given at Session 1: The Global Capital Market: What's Next. Michael Patterson spoke on aspects of the global financial markets that are common to Japan and the United States including the converging roles of traditionally distinct kinds of institutions participating in such markets; the impact of that convergence on legal and regulatory structures, particularly in the United States; and finally, the challenges of such global convergence for the supervision of global financial institutions.
Overview of OMEN (2006)

This paper introduces OMEN (On-demand Metadata Extraction Network), which addresses a fundamental problem in MIR: the lack of universal access to a large dataset containing significant amounts of copyrighted music. This is accomplished by utilizing the large collections of digitized music available at many libraries. Using OMEN, libraries will be able to perform on-demand feature extraction on site, returning feature values to researchers instead of providing direct access to the recordings themselves. This avoids copyright difficulties, since the underlying music never leaves the library that owns it. The analysis is performed using grid-style computation on library machines that are otherwise underused (e.g., devoted to patron web and catalogue use).
A Mixed Ladder-Lattice Bulk Acoustic Wave Duplexer for W-CDMA Handsets (2007)

This paper presents the design of a novel antenna duplexer based on a mixed ladder lattice topology using advanced BAW SMR (Solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave Resonators) and IPD (integrated passive devices) technologies. The duplexer is designed for application on W-CDMA handsets (Tx: 1920-1980 MHz, Rx: 2110-2170 MHz). The design methodology and implementation issues are discussed. A combined electromagnetic acoustic analysis results in a maximum insertion loss of 1.75 dB and 2.3 for Tx and Rx paths. The Tx-RX rejection is better than 47/57 dB.
A new <i>α</i>-pyrone from the mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Phomopsis</i> sp. HNY29-2B (2016)

A new α-pyrone derivative, phomopyrone A (1), together with two known compounds (2-3), was isolated from the culture of the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. HNY29-2B. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. The configuration of 1 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. All isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidative activities. Compound 2 exhibited antibacterial activities with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 25 and 50 μM against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compound 3 showed activities against Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values of 25 and 50 μM, respectively.
Functional flexible and wearable supercapacitors (2017)

Substantial effort has been devoted to endowing flexible and wearable supercapacitors with desirable functions and solving urgent concerns regarding their practical application, particularly materials selection, air permeability, self-healability, shape memory, integration, and modularization. This gives rise to challenges with regard to both suitable materials and device fabrication. This review highlights the current state-of-the-art of these supercapacitors pertinent to materials, fabrication strategies, and performance. Challenges and solutions are also discussed to further improve their practicality. The aim of this review is to make a timely summary of this emerging field and discuss future opportunities and challenges.
GENp2-1: A Simple Improvement to the Viterbi and Viterbi Monomial-Based Phase Estimators (2006)

It is well known that the Viterbi and Viterbi Monomial-Based Phase Estimator, which includes the M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Power Estimator, performs poorly for cross QAM signals. However, it is shown here that by allowing the power of the monomial to be negative, much improved performance can be realized at medium to high signal- to-noise ratios (SNR). Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of this novel simple extension, for 32- and 128-QAM systems. In principle, this extension can also be applied to other constellations, e.g., (4,12)-PSK.
Antidepressant-relevant concentrations of the ketamine metabolite (2 <i>R</i> ,6 <i>R</i> )-hydroxynorketamine do not block NMDA receptor function (2019)

Preclinical studies indicate that (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is a putative fast-acting antidepressant candidate. Although inhibition of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) is one mechanism proposed to underlie ketamine's antidepressant and adverse effects, the potency of (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK to inhibit NMDARs has not been established. We used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the effects of (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK on NMDAR function. Antidepressant-relevant behavioral responses and (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK levels in the extracellular compartment of the hippocampus were measured following systemic (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK administration in mice. The effects of ketamine, (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK, and, in some cases, the (2<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>)-HNK stereoisomer were evaluated on the following: (<i>i</i>) NMDA-induced lethality in mice, (<i>ii</i>) NMDAR-mediated field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the CA1 field of mouse hippocampal slices, (<i>iii</i>) NMDAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and NMDA-evoked currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices, and (<i>iv</i>) recombinant NMDARs expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes. While a single i.p. injection of 10 mg/kg (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK exerted antidepressant-related behavioral and cellular responses in mice, the ED<sub>50</sub> of (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK to prevent NMDA-induced lethality was found to be 228 mg/kg, compared with 6.4 mg/kg for ketamine. The 10 mg/kg (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK dose generated maximal hippocampal extracellular concentrations of ∼8 µM, which were well below concentrations required to inhibit synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs in vitro. (2<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>)-HNK was more potent than (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK, but less potent than ketamine at inhibiting NMDARs. These data demonstrate the stereoselectivity of NMDAR inhibition by (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>;2<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>)-HNK and support the conclusion that direct NMDAR inhibition does not contribute to antidepressant-relevant effects of (2<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-HNK.
Taming Android fragmentation: characterizing and detecting compatibility issues for Android apps (2016)

Android ecosystem is heavily fragmented. The numerous combinations of different device models and operating system versions make it impossible for Android app developers to exhaustively test their apps. As a result, various compatibility issues arise, causing poor user experience. However, little is known on the characteristics of such fragmentation-induced compatibility issues and no mature tools exist to help developers quickly diagnose and fix these issues. To bridge the gap, we conducted an empirical study on 191 real-world compatibility issues collected from popular open-source Android apps. Our study characterized the symptoms and root causes of compatibility issues, and disclosed that the patches of these issues exhibit common patterns. With these findings, we propose a technique named FicFinder to automatically detect compatibility issues in Android apps. FicFinder performs static code analysis based on a model that captures Android APIs as well as their associated context by which compatibility issues are triggered. FicFinder reports actionable debugging information to developers when it detects potential issues. We evaluated FicFinder with 27 large-scale open-source Android apps. The results show that FicFinder can precisely detect compatibility issues in these apps and uncover previously-unknown issues.
Downregulation of epithelial apoptosis and barrier repair in active Crohn’s disease by tumour necrosis factor α antibody treatment (2004)

Epithelial apoptoses were upregulated in the colon in CD and restored to normal in 10 of 11 patients by TNF-alpha antibody therapy. This is the structural correlate of epithelial barrier dysfunction measured as epithelial resistance while expression of tight junction proteins did not contribute to this therapeutic effect.
Automatic grading of ocular hyperaemia using image processing techniques (2017)

El ojo humano se ve afectado por un gran numero de patologias de alta prevalencia,
 tales corno el Sindrome del Ojo Seco o la conjuntivitis alergica. Uno de los sintomas
 que estos problemas de salud comparten es la aparicion de hiperemia en la conjuntiva
 bulbar, consecuencia del taponamiento de vasos sanguineos. La sangre queda atrapada
 en el area afectada y aparecen signos visibles, como el aumento de rojez en la zona.
 Este trabajo propone una metodologia automatica para la evaluacion de hiperemia
 bulbar basada en tecnicas de procesado de imagen y aprendizaje maquina. La metodologia
 recibe un video, escoge la mejor imagen de la secuencia, aisla la conjuntiva,
 calcula varias caracteristicas en la imagen y, por ultimo, transforma estas caracteristicas
 al rango de valores que los optometristas usan para evaluar la hiperemia. Ademas, se
 han realizado varias pruebas para analizar como reacciona la metodologia a situaciones
 desfavorables. El objetivo era incluir problemas comunes que aparecen a la hora de
 aplicar una metodologia de asistencia al diagnostico en un entorno real.
 La metodologia propuesta consigue una reduccion significativa del tiempo que los
 especialistas invierten en la evaluacion. Por lo tanto, tiene repercusiones directas en
 alcanzar un diagnostico rapido. Ademas, elimina la subjetividad inherente al proceso
 manual y garantiza su repetitibilidad. Como consecuencia, los expertos pueden obtener
 informacion acerca de los parametros involucrados en la evaluacion de la hiperemia.