gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully ion implanted InP junction FET's (1982)

This article reports on the fabrication and performance of all ion implanted, 1.0 µm gate length, InP junction field-effect transistors (JFET's). Device fabrication includes the use of multiple energy Si implantation, selective Be implantation, proximity annealing, and Cl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> plasma etching. The observed 25 V gate-source breakdown voltage is shown, by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> and SIMS analysis, to be a result of a linearly graded junction. At 4 GHz, the maximum insertion gain for these devices was 9.7 dB, while tuning for the optimum noise performance yielded a noise figure of 4.9 dB with an associated gain of 5.8 dB. These results encourage the development of a planar InP JFET technology for use in logic, microwave power, and optoelectronic applications.
Scalable VLSI architectures for lattice structure-based discrete wavelet transform (1998)

In this paper, we develop a scalable VLSI architecture employing a two-channel quadrature mirror filter (QMF) lattice for the one-dimensional (1-D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT). We begin with the development of systematic scheduling, which determines the filtering instants of each resolution level, on the basis of a binary tree. Then input-output relation between lattices of the QMF bank is derived, and a new structure for the data format converter (DFC) which controls the data transfer between resolution levels is proposed. In addition, implementation of a delay control unit (DCU) that controls the delay between lattices of the QMF is proposed. The structures for the DFC and DCU are regular, scalable, and require a minimum number of registers, and thereby lead to an efficient and scalable architecture for the DWT. A scalable architecture for the inverse DWT is also developed in a similar manner. Finally, pipelining of the proposed architecture is considered.
Direct Determination of Inorganic Ions at Sub-ppb Levels by Ion Chromatography Using Water as a Mobile Phase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Determination of Inorganic Ions at Sub-ppb Levels by Ion Chromatography Using Water as a Mobile PhaseWenzhi. Hu, Mamoru. Tominaga, Hiroaki. Tao, Akihide. Itoh, Tomonari. Umemura, and Hiroki. HaraguchiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 20, 3713–3716Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00116a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The changing landscape of Marek's disease (1998)

Marek's disease virus has been described as an evolving pathogen. As the virus itself has changed in the 30 years since its first isolation, so also have many other aspects of the disease and its control. The disease syndromes induced by virus infection have become generally more acute, more varied in type and occur naturally in a wider spectrum of hosts. There have been at least three distinct generations of vaccines, and a variety of control approaches based on genetics and management. One constant, however, is the deep concern of the poultry industry and research community alike, prompted by the unpredictability of outbreaks and the tendency for the virus to evolve faster than intervention strategies.
Live-attenuated<i>Shigella</i>vaccines (2006)

Several live-attenuated Shigella vaccines, with well-defined mutations in specific genes, have shown great promise in eliciting significant immune responses when given orally to volunteers. These responses have been measured by evaluating antibody-secreting cells, serum antibody levels and fecal immunoglobulin A to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and to individual bacterial invasion plasmid antigens. In this review, data collected from volunteer trials with live Shigella vaccines from three different research groups are described. The attenuating features of the bacterial strains, as well as the immune response following the use of different dosing regimens, are also described. The responses obtained with each vaccine strain are compared with data obtained from challenge trials using wild-type Shigella strains. Although the exact correlates of protection have not been found, some consensus may be derived as to what may constitute a protective immune response. Future directions in the field of live Shigella vaccines are also discussed.
High efficiency relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (2009)

A magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) is a magnetron where the radiation is extracted axially along the vanes of the anode block that are continued and tapered within inside of a conical horn antenna. The MDO has strong resistance to microwave breakdown, requires a smaller volume for the magnetic field compared with a magnetron with Helmholtz coils, and any eigenmode of the MDO can be chosen as the operating wave. Finally, in a MDO with the operating ¿- mode the diffraction output can be used as a mode converter, providing any desired radiation pattern by continuing onto the horn antenna only those vanes that correspond to the symmetry of the radiated wave. In earlier experiments with an X-band MDO multigigawatt radiation was demonstrated.
NOTES: A Retinoic Acid-Responsive Element in the Apolipoprotein AI Gene Distinguishes between Two Different Retinoic Acid Response Pathways (1991)

The gene coding for apolipoprotein AI, a plasma protein involved in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the plasma, is expressed predominantly in liver and intestine. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that hepatocyte-specific expression is determined by synergistic interactions between transcription factors bound to three separate sites, sites A (-214 to -192), B (-169 to -146), and C (-134 to -119), within a powerful liver-specific enhancer located in the region -222 to -110 nucleotides upstream of the apolipoprotein AI gene transcription start site (+1). In this study, it was found that site A is a highly selective retinoic acid-responsive element (RARE) that responds preferentially to the recently identified retinoic acid receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized retinoic acid receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta. Control experiments indicated that a RARE in the regulatory region of the laminin B1 gene responds preferentially to RAR alpha and RAR beta over RXR alpha, while a previously described palindromic thyroid hormone-responsive element responds similarly to all three of these receptors. Gel retardation experiments showed that the activity of these RAREs is concordant with receptor binding. These results indicate that different RAREs may play a fundamental role in defining distinctive retinoic acid cellular response pathways and suggest that retinoic acid response pathways mediated by RXR alpha play an important role in cholesterol and retinoid transport and metabolism.
Electrochemical Unzipping of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Facile Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene Nanoribbons (2011)

Here we report a remarkable transformation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to nanoribbons composed of a few layers of graphene by a two-step electrochemical approach. This consists of the oxidation of CNTs at controlled potential, followed by reduction to form graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) having smooth edges and fewer defects, as evidenced by multiple characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This type of "unzipping" of CNTs (single-walled, multi-walled) in the presence of an interfacial electric field provides unique advantages with respect to the orientation of CNTs, which might make possible the production of GNRs with controlled widths and fewer defects.
Beta-lactam-specific resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus (1986)

In an approach to understanding the origin of methicillin resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococci, a series of Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to various beta-lactam antibiotics were isolated in the laboratory by antibiotic selection. Mutants with low- and intermediate-level resistance showed considerable specificity for the particular antibiotic used in the selection process (methicillin, cefotaxime, cephalexin, and amdinocillin), and resistance in such mutants also showed alterations in the antibiotic binding capacities of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). In each case the isolation of mutants resistant to high concentrations of antibiotics required sequential passage in gradually increasing concentrations of the drug. The acquisition of increasing levels of methicillin resistance was paralleled by a gradual decrease in the binding capacities of PBPs 2, 3, and, possibly, 1. In a highly methicillin-resistant mutant (MIC, 150 micrograms/ml), PBPs 2 and 3 were no longer detectable by the penicillin binding assay. Instead, a new PBP of poor binding capacity and anomalous molecular size (about 78 kilodaltons [kDa]) appeared in these cells. This corresponds to the molecular size of PBP 2a, the unique PBP that appears to be the biochemical correlate of resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Also, similar to the case of resistant clinical isolates, high-level beta-lactam resistance was highly pH dependent in the laboratory mutants. We compared the patterns of radioactive peptides generated by partial proteolysis from the penicillin-labeled PBP 2 of antibiotic-susceptible staphylococci and from the 78-kDa PBP 2a of a resistant clinical strain. Although the patterns were clearly different, seven of the eight characteristic peptides generated from PBP 2 of the susceptible strain were also detectable among the peptides released from PBP 2a. The results suggest that the 78-kDa PBP 2a of the resistant clinical strain evolved from PBP 2 of antibiotic-susceptible staphylococci and that in PBP 2a of the clinical isolate mutational changes have resulted in extensive alterations near the beta-lactam binding site.
Limited Addition of the 6-Arm β1,2-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) Residue Facilitates the Formation of the Largest N-Glycan in Plants (2015)

The most abundant N-glycan in plants is the paucimannosidic N-glycan with core β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues (Man3XylFuc(GlcNAc)2). Here, we report a mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana that efficiently produces the largest N-glycan in plants. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the addition of the 6-arm β1,2-GlcNAc residue by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) is less effective than additions of the core β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues by XylT, FucTA, and FucTB in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, analysis of gnt2 mutant and 35S:GnTII transgenic plants shows that the addition of the 6-arm non-reducing GlcNAc residue to the common N-glycan acceptor GlcNAcMan3(GlcNAc)2 inhibits additions of the core β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues. Our findings indicate that plants limit the rate of the addition of the 6-arm GlcNAc residue to the common N-glycan acceptor as a mechanism to facilitate formation of the prevalent N-glycans with Man3XylFuc(GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)2Man3XylFuc(GlcNAc)2 structures.
EP22.17: Automatic detection and measurement of bi‐dimensional fetal head planes from 3D ultrasound volumes using a prototype tool (2017)

To test a tool able to automatically extract bi-dimensional (2D) fetal head planes and measurements from 3D ultrasound volumes. Ultrasound volumes (3D) and measurements (2D) of the fetal head were acquired in women with singleton pregnancies at 18-24 weeks. The biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) and head circumference (HC) were measured manually. The “Fetal Brain Plane Finding Prototype” tool (Philips Healthcare) was used to automatically extract 2D planes from the 3D volume in the transventricular (TV), transthalamic (TT) and transcerebellar (TC) planes; and to automatically measure BPD, OFD and HC on these extracted planes. Quality assessment consisted of (1) assessment whether the correct plane was extracted; (2) scoring of the quality of the plane using predefined criteria (0-5); (3) whether image quality was “acceptable” or “not acceptable” for clinical purposes. In addition, the agreement between automatic and manual measurements was expressed in actual measurement units (mm) and in percentage terms to account for changes in fetal size with increasing gestational age. Manual measurements and 3D volume acquisition were performed in 170 pregnancies; automatic extraction of all three planes and measurements were successful in 143 (84%) volumes. Out of the 429 extracted planes, 92% were correctly identified as TV, TT or TC and 85% were deemed to be acceptable for clinical purposes. The average score was 4.7, with only 17 planes scoring 3 or less. The variability (95% limits of agreement) between automatic and manual measurements for BPD, OFD and HC was ±4.88%, ±4.19% and ±2.75%, respectively. Automatic extraction of 2D fetal head planes and measurements from 3D ultrasound volumes showed good results overall. This could be used in future to facilitate and speed up the exam process, while maintaining accuracy of the exam.
Implementing and Managing Policy Rules in Attribute Based Access Control (2015)

Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) is a popularapproach to enterprise-wide access control that provides flexibility suitable for today's dynamic distributed systems. ABAC controls access to objects by evaluating policy rules against the attributes of entities (subject and object),operations, and the environment relevant to a request, but great care must be taken in setting up and maintaining the access control rules that allow such flexible operations. This article summarizes important considerations in ABAC deployment first introduced in the Guide to Attribute Based Access Control [1].
Toward Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity (2014)

As batteries become more powerful and utilized in diverse applications, thermal management becomes one of the central problems in their application. We report the results on thermal properties of a set of different Li-ion battery electrodes enhanced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Our measurements reveal that the highest in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities achieved in the carbon-nanotube-enhanced electrodes reached up to 141 and 3.6 W/mK, respectively. The values for in-plane thermal conductivity are up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those for conventional electrodes based on carbon black. The electrodes were synthesized via an inexpensive scalable filtration method, and we demonstrate that our approach can be extended to commercial electrode-active materials. The best performing electrodes contained a layer of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes sandwiched between two layers of carbon nanotubes and had in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of ∼50 and 3 W/mK, respectively, at room temperature. The obtained results are important for thermal management in Li-ion and other high-power-density batteries.
Cell‐Free Metabolic Engineering: Production of Chemicals by Minimized Reaction Cascades (2012)

Abstract The limited supply of fossil resources demands the development of renewable alternatives to petroleum‐based products. Here, biobased higher alcohols such as isobutanol are versatile platform molecules for the synthesis of chemical commodities and fuels. Currently, their fermentation‐based production is limited by the low tolerance of microbial production systems to the end products and also by the low substrate flux into cell metabolism. We developed an innovative cell‐free approach, utilizing an artificial minimized glycolytic reaction cascade that only requires one single coenzyme. Using this toolbox the cell‐free production of ethanol and isobutanol from glucose was achieved. We also confirmed that these streamlined cascades functioned under conditions at which microbial production would have ceased. Our system can be extended to an array of industrially‐relevant molecules. Application of solvent‐tolerant biocatalysts potentially allows for high product yields, which significantly simplifies downstream product recovery.
Shoulder, elbow and wrist stiffness in passive movement and their independent control in voluntary movement post stroke (2009)

Functional movements involve coordination of multiple joints. Neurological disorders such as stroke affect multiple joints simultaneously with stereotypical patterns of arm deformity involving shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers. Some of the symptoms are manifested in passive movement while others in voluntary movement. However, there is a lack of systematic methods to evaluate multi-joint and multi-DOF (degrees of freedom) neuro-mechanical changes during both passive and active movements, especially for complex systems with three or more joints/DOFs involved. The purposes of this study was to develop a systematic method to characterize dynamics and control of the shoulder, elbow and wrist of the human arm individually and simultaneously, including the interactions across the three joints, during both passive and active movements. A new method was developed to decompose the complex system into manageable single-joint level for more reliable characterizations. The method was applied to clinical studies on multi-joint changes associated with hypertonic arm with impaired motor control post stroke during both passive and active movements. In general, the decomposition method can be used for even more complex systems, making intractable system dynamics of three or more joints and DOFs manageable.
A New Wellbore Position Calculation Method (2003)

Summary A method for combining multiple wellbore surveys to obtain a single, composite, more accurate well position is described. Established methods for defining the wellbore position and its associated uncertainty rely on accepting the position obtained from the most accurate survey instrument used in each section of the wellbore. This position is then assigned an uncertainty based on the information from this single survey-instrument run. When a modern wellbore is constructed today, each section may be surveyed for position many times with one or more magnetic, gyroscopic, or inertial survey instruments. By statistically combining the wellbore positions obtained from all the survey instruments run in a given section of the wellbore, a new position, designated the "most accurate position" (MAP), is calculated. The main advantage of the MAP is that its uncertainty is smaller than that of any of the constituent surveys. The major benefits of this technique is facilitating drilling smaller targets at greater distances, allowing new wellbores to be drilled in closer proximity to existing wellbores while maintaining accepted safety clearance rules, and improving reservoir delineation.
Sintering of Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> with the Addition of Rare‐Earth Oxides (1988)

The effect of rare‐earth oxide additives on the densification of silicon nitride by pressureless sintering at 1600° to 1700°C and by gas pressure sintering under 10 MPa of N 2 at 1800° to 2000°C was studied. When a single‐component oxide, such as CeO 2 , Nd 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , or Y 2 O 3 , was used as an additive, the sintering temperature required to reach approximate theoretical density became higher as the melting temperature of the oxide increased. When a mixed oxide additive, such as Y 2 O 3 –Ln 2 O 3 (Ln=Ce, Nd, La, Sm), was used, higher densification was achieved below 2000°C because of a lower liquid formation temperature. The sinterability of silicon nitride ceramics with the addition of rare‐earth oxides is discussed in relation to the additive compositions.
A novel hybrid liquid crystal display (2005)

A novel hybrid LCD technology has been developed. By replacing a glass color filter with a plastic color filter, a lighter and thinner hybrid LCD can be obtained. A 4" QVGA prototype has been demonstrated. A hybrid LCD can reduce 35% thickness and 36% weight compared with a conventional LCD with 2 glass substrates. This technology can be a good solution for portable display.
Development of specific aptamers with different histological classified ovarian cancer cells by utilizing on-chip OvCa cell-selex (2013)

Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of gynecological cancers. Comparing with the worst gynecological cancer, cervical cancer, the prognostication of ovarian cancer is relatively poor. It is challenging to diagnose it in the early stage where proper treatments are most effective. In order to achieve early detection of ovarian cancer, biomarkers with high specificity and affinity is therefore important. In this study, an integrated microfluidic system was developed for the multiple-cell-line and high-throughput screening of OvCa cell-SELEX automatically. An aptamer specific to ovarian cancer cells were successfully screened.
LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR PRECISION MONOENERGETIC GAMMA-RAY SOURCE R and D AT LLNL (2010)

Generation of mono-energetic, high brightness gamma-rays requires state of the art lasers to both produce a low emittance electron beam in the linac and high intensity, narrow linewidth laser photons for scattering with the relativistic electrons. Here, we overview the laser systems for the 3rd generation Monoenergetic Gamma-ray Source (MEGa-ray) currently under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL). We also describe a method for increasing the efficiency of laser Compton scattering through laser pulse recirculation. The fiber-based photoinjector laser will produce 50 {micro}J temporally and spatially shaped UV pulses at 120 Hz to generate a low emittance electron beam in the X-band RF photoinjector. The interaction laser generates high intensity photons that focus into the interaction region and scatter off the accelerated electrons. This system utilizes chirped pulse amplification and commercial diode pumped solid state Nd:YAG amplifiers to produce 0.5 J, 10 ps, 120 Hz pulses at 1064 nm and up to 0.2 J after frequency doubling. A single passively mode-locked Ytterbium fiber oscillator seeds both laser systems and provides a timing synch with the linac.
Unsupervised relation detection using automatic alignment of query patterns extracted from knowledge graphs and query click logs (2015)

Traditional methods for building spoken language understanding systems require manual rules or annotated data, which are expensive. In this work, we present an unsupervised method for bootstrapping a relation classifier, which identifies the knowledge graph relations present in an input query. Unlike existing work, we utilize only one knowledge graph entity instead of two for mining relevant query patterns from query click logs. As a result, the mined patterns can be used to infer both explicit relations (where the objects of the relations are expressed in the queries) and implicit relations (where the objects of the relations are being asked about). Using only the mined queries, the final classifier achieves an F-measure of 55.5%, which is significantly higher than the previous unsupervised learning baselines.