gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Times: Involvement of Astrogliosis, Inflammation, Intracellular Actin Cytoskeleton Pathways, and Neurotrophin-3 (2011)

Canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) derived from umbilical cord blood represent a potentially useful source of stem cells for therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different transplantation times of cMSCs after spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 21 dogs were subjected to SCI by balloon-induced compression of the first lumbar vertebrae for 12 h. Of the 21 dogs, 12 were divided into four groups of three according to the time of stem cell (1 × 10(6)) transplantation at the injury site: control no treatment, 12 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks. The remaining 9 animals were negative harvest (HA) time controls for each treatment group (n = 3). Olby and Tarlov scores were used to evaluate functional recovery of the hindlimbs. Markers for neuronal regeneration (Tuj-1, nestin, MAP2, and NF-M), astrogliosis (GALC, GFAP, and pSTAT3), signal molecules for actin cytoskeleton (RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1), inflammation (COX-2), and neurotrophins (NT-3) were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Scores of the 1-week transplantation group showed significant improvement compared to controls. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed less fibrosis at the injury site in the 1-week transplantation group compared to other groups and immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of neuronal markers. Furthermore, in both 1-week and 2-week transplantation groups, Tuj-1, nestin, MAP2, NF-M, NT-3, and GFAP increased, but pSTAT3, GALC, and COX2 decreased. RhoA decreased and Rac1 and Cdc42 increased in the 1-week transplantation group. In conclusion, transplantation of cMSCs 1 week after SCI was more effective in improving clinical signs and neuronal regeneration and reducing fibrosis formation compared to the other transplantation times evaluated. Subsequently, these data may contribute to the optimization of timing for MSC transplantation used as a therapeutic modality.
A fast square-root implementation for BLAST (2002)

Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) is a scheme for transmitting information over a rich-scattering wireless environment using multiple receive and transmit antennas. The main computational bottleneck in the BLAST algorithm is a "nulling and cancellation" step, where the optimal ordering for the sequential estimation and detection of the received signals is determined. To reduce the computational cost of BLAST we develop an efficient square-root algorithm for the nulling and cancellation step. The main features of the algorithm include efficiency: the computational cost is reduced by 0.7M, where M is the number of transmit antennas, and numerical stability; and the algorithm is division-free and uses only orthogonal transformations. In a 14 antenna system designed for transmission of 1 Mbit/sec over a 30 kHz channel, the nulling and cancellation computation is reduced from 190 MFlops/sec to 19 MFlops/sec, with the overall computations being reduced from 220 MFlops/sec to 49 MFlops/sec. The numerical stability of the algorithm also make it attractive for implementation in fixed-point (rather than floating-point) architectures.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>— More Difficult Than Ever (2008)

Because of mutations in this opportunistic pathogen, infections with C. difficile have become both more prevalent and more virulent. This article summarizes recent changes in the epidemiology of this infection and explains what is known about the changes in disease severity and the response to therapy. The authors discuss the use of new antibiotics, probiotics, immunotherapy, and even bacteriotherapy.
Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase 4 Is Required for Sperm Motility and Male Fertility (2004)

Calcium and Ca(2+)-dependent signals play a crucial role in sperm motility and mammalian fertilization, but the molecules and mechanisms underlying these Ca(2+)-dependent pathways are incompletely understood. Here we show that homozygous male mice with a targeted gene deletion of isoform 4 of the plasma membrane calcium/calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPase (PMCA), which is highly enriched in the sperm tail, are infertile due to severely impaired sperm motility. Furthermore, the PMCA inhibitor 5-(and-6)-carboxyeosin diacetate succinimidyl ester reduced sperm motility in wild-type animals, thus mimicking the effects of PMCA4 deficiency on sperm motility and supporting the hypothesis of a pivotal role of the PMCA4 on the regulation of sperm function and intracellular Ca(2+) levels.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Baicalein, Baicalin, and Wogonin in Ocular Disorders (2014)

Ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness. The elderly population is at particular risk of developing one or more of these age-related ocular diseases. By virtue of multiple bioactivities, effort has been made to develop dietary flavonoids as complimentary therapies for ocular disorders. Dietary intake of flavonoids has been reported to reduce the risk of cataract and AMD. This review focuses on the main flavones baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellariae radix (SR), which has been widely used in Asian countries for the treatment of many diseases. Interest in SR has grown recently following new findings that suggest multiple routes of therapeutic action. This review will summarize the diverse pharmacological properties, therapeutic roles, and mechanisms of these flavones of SR in cellular and animal models of ocular diseases.
Stereoselectivity Aspects in the Condensation of Racemic NCA−Amino Acids in the Presence and Absence of Liposomes (2001)

In previous work dealing with the liposome-assisted polycondensation of NCA (N-carboxyanhydride)−amino acids, it has been shown that racemic NCA−Trp condensation affords chains with preferential homochiral sequences: the homochiral blocks become increasingly over-represented with increasing oligomer length if compared with the statistically (Bernoullian) distributions. The present paper deals with three questions related to this stereoselective NCA−Trp condensation. The first question concerns the kinetic mechanism that is responsible for the over-representation of homochiral sequences in the presence as well as in the absence of liposomes. To this aim, we have investigated whether and to what extent the selection of the entering chiral monomer unit is governed by the chirality of the penultimate residue. This analysis allows one to suggest that the polycondensation corresponds to a second- or higher-order Markov process. The second question considered in this paper is whether the preferential formation of homochiral sequences, originally found in NCA−Trp−amino acid condensations, is observed also for amino acids other than Trp as well as for mixtures of different amino acids. To clarify this point, we have analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) the condensation products of racemic NCA−d-Leu/perdeuterated NCA−l-Leu and racemic NCA−d-Ile/perdeuterated NCA−l-Ile in an aqueous solution without liposomes. This analysis permits us to show that the preferential homochiral growth occurs also with Leu and Ile. By LC-MS analysis we can show that under the same conditions also mixtures of equal amounts of the l- and d-forms of different amino acids, such as Trp/Leu, Leu/Ile, and Trp/Leu/Ile, exhibit similar behavior. The third question considered in this paper is related to the effect of liposomes on the NCA−Trp condensation, addressing the question of whether the chemical structure of the lipid in the liposomes and consequently their physical state have an influence on the stereoselectivity of the NCA−Trp condensation. To this aim, experiments are carried out at different temperatures in the presence of DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) liposomes, below as well as above the liquid-analogue/crystalline-analogue transition temperature. The answer to the third question is that basically the same results are obtained independently of the physical state of the lipid.
Intensity noise and facet correlation in Fabry–Pérot laser diodes with low facet reflectivities (1995)

The intensity noise in Fabry–Pérot lasers with low facet reflectivities is studied. A direct comparison between laser intensity fluctuations under noise suppressed and shot-noise limited current injection is made. Noise levels in excess of the shot-noise level are observed, even when the pump noise is suppressed. Also, an injection current dependent negative correlation between the intensity noise at the output facets of a laser is demonstrated.
Feature Selective Filtering for Ridge Extraction (2022)

Low-quality images of fingerprints form the main source of errors in fingerprint recognition systems. Most of the algorithms in the literature perform well with high-quality fingerprint images but result in an excessive number of false minutiae with low-quality images. The aim of the fingerprint enhancement is to obtain an image where the ridges and valleys are smoother and easily distinguishable, which is an intermediate step between a full binary image and the unprocessed raw image. This chapter proposed a method that performs enhancement and binarization, which can also be called ridge extraction. The enhancement algorithm is designed as a filtering process that tries to extract ridges. Since different regions of the image are processed with different filters, the coefficients of the filters are normalized in order not to get an image with contrast or intensity discontinuities. The usual binarization process in fingerprint recognition systems corresponds to detection of ridges.
CXCL12 blockade preferentially regenerates lost podocytes in cortical nephrons by targeting an intrinsic podocyte-progenitor feedback mechanism (2018)

Insufficient podocyte regeneration after injury is a central pathomechanism of glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Podocytes constitutively secrete the chemokine CXCL12, which is known to regulate homing and activation of stem cells; hence we hypothesized a similar effect of CXCL12 on podocyte progenitors. CXCL12 blockade increased podocyte numbers and attenuated proteinuria in mice with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Similar studies in lineage-tracing mice revealed enhanced de novo podocyte formation from parietal epithelial cells in the setting of CXCL12 blockade. Super-resolution microscopy documented full integration of these progenitor-derived podocytes into the glomerular filtration barrier, interdigitating with tertiary foot processes of neighboring podocytes. Quantitative 3D analysis revealed that conventional 2D analysis underestimated the numbers of progenitor-derived podocytes. The 3D analysis also demonstrated differences between juxtamedullary and cortical nephrons in both progenitor endowment and Adriamycin-induced podocyte loss, with more robust podocyte regeneration in cortical nephrons with CXCL12 blockade. Finally, we found that delayed CXCL12 inhibition still had protective effects. In vitro studies found that CXCL12 inhibition uncoupled Notch signaling in podocyte progenitors. These data suggest that CXCL12-driven podocyte-progenitor feedback maintains progenitor quiescence during homeostasis, but also limits their intrinsic capacity to regenerate lost podocytes, especially in cortical nephrons. CXCL12 inhibition could be an innovative therapeutic strategy in glomerular disorders.
Chiron: a parallel engine for algebraic scientific workflows (2013)

SUMMARY Large‐scale scientific experiments based on computer simulations are typically modeled as scientific workflows, which eases the chaining of different programs. These scientific workflows are defined, executed, and monitored by scientific workflow management systems (SWfMS). As these experiments manage large amounts of data, it becomes critical to execute them in high‐performance computing environments, such as clusters, grids, and clouds. However, few SWfMS provide parallel support. The ones that do so are usually labor‐intensive for workflow developers and have limited primitives to optimize workflow execution. To address these issues, we developed workflow algebra to specify and enable the optimization of parallel execution of scientific workflows. In this paper, we show how the workflow algebra is efficiently implemented in Chiron, an algebraic based parallel scientific workflow engine. Chiron has a unique native distributed provenance mechanism that enables runtime queries in a relational database. We developed two studies to evaluate the performance of our algebraic approach implemented in Chiron; the first study compares Chiron with different approaches, whereas the second one evaluates the scalability of Chiron. By analyzing the results, we conclude that Chiron is efficient in executing scientific workflows, with the benefits of declarative specification and runtime provenance support. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats (2007)

Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is an inflammatory reaction mediated by CCR7- effector memory T lymphocytes that infiltrate the site of injection of an antigen against which the immune system has been primed. The inflammatory reaction is characterized by redness and swelling of the site of antigenic challenge. It is a convenient model to determine the in vivo efficacy of immunosuppressants. Cutaneous DTH can be induced either by adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes or by active immunization with an antigen, and subsequent intradermal challenge with the antigen to induce the inflammatory reaction in a given skin area. DTH responses can be induced to various antigens, for example ovalbumin, tuberculin, tetanus toxoid, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Such reactions can also be induced against autoantigen, for example to myelin basic protein (MBP) in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with MBP, an animal model for multiple sclerosis (1). Here we demonstrate how to induce an adoptive DTH reaction in Lewis rats. We will first stimulate ovalbumin-specific T cells in vitro and inject these activated cells intraperitoneally to naive rats. After allowing the cells to equilibrate in vivo for 2 days, we will challenge the rats with ovalbumin in the pinna of one ear, while the other ear wil receive saline. The inflammatory reaction will be visible 3-72 hours later and ear thickness will be measured as an indication of DTH severity.
Extraction of fingerprint from regular expression for efficient prefiltering (2009)

Deep packet inspection at high speed has become extremely important due to its application in a wide range of network applications, such as network security and network monitoring. Network intrusion detection system (NIDS) uses a collection of signatures of known security threats and viruses to scan the payload of each packet. Signatures are often specified in the form of regular expressions (regex), called patterns, which are traditionally implemented as finite automata. Deterministic finite automata (DFA) is fast, but requires prohibitive amounts of memory which limits their practical use. Instead of matching an incoming packet with each individual regex in a ruleset, we match the packet with a fixed substring, called fingerprint, of a regex first. Fixed string matching is faster and consumes less energy than regex matching. The fact is that if a packet does not match with the fingerprint of a regex, it will not match the regex itself. So fingerprints can be used in a prefilter engine to filter out those packets and do not match any of the fingerprints of the regex in a rule set, which represents normal non-malicious traffic. This actually reduces the number of regex rules being matched, which results in increased throughput of the NIDS. We present a weight scheme to extract a good fingerprint from a regex. A good fingerprint is the one that not only indicates the regex uniquely, but also occurs as less as possible in the matching procedure. We demonstrate how to use fingerprints for efficient prefiltering by means of Bloom filters in practice.
Design and implementation of high-speed planar Si photodiodes fabricated on SOI substrates (1999)

We report high-speed interdigitated (nonmetalized) p-i-n Si photodiodes fabricated on SOI substrates that operate at low bias voltages and that offer easy integration with transistor fabrication processes. Devices fabricated with a finger spacing of 2 /spl mu/m and a 3.75-/spl mu/m-thick active layer achieved a 1.1-GHz bandwidth at a bias of -3 V with a peak efficiency of 29% (0.2 A/W) at 850 nm. Photodiodes with the same geometry that were fabricated on a 2.71-/spl mu/m-thick active layer exhibited a 3.4-GHz bandwidth and a quantum efficiency of 24% (0.16 A/W) at 840 nm when biased at -3 V. The dark current of the photodiodes was less than 25 pA at -3 V, and the capacitance of the photodiodes was less than 265 fF at an applied bias of -3 V.
Research on a Novel Flexure Hinge (2006)

A novel single axis flexure hinge named hyperbolic flexure hinge is introduced as new designs in two-dimensional monolithic mechanisms. Based on the Castigliano's second theorem, Closed-form equations are formulated for compliances to characterize both the active rotation and all other parasitic motions. Precision of rotation and the stress levels are also evaluated in terms of compliances. A unitary compliance-based analysis is performed by means of two-dimensional geometric parameters by which the performance of flexure hinge can be evaluated in terms of their desired flexibility, capacity of preserving the centre of rotation position and stress levels. Checked against finite element analysis, the model predictions are within8%error margins. So some theoretic foundation for flexure hinges design is provided.
Design of HF radar system with noise spectrum monitoring (2007)

It is necessary to take use of noise spectrum monitoring in HF radar system for the complicated electromagnetic environment.Because of the randomicity and paroxysm of the interference outside,the real-time noise spectrum monitoring become much more important.A newly designed HF radar system with noise spectrum monitoring is presented.The schedule of the work tempo is changed to accommodate the noise acquiring.The time gap of each sweep period is used to acquire noise and noise analysis is finished.According to the statistical results,the radar system will select a relative pure frequency,in this way the capability of anti-interference is greatly improved.
A Framework Using Active Learning to Rapidly Perform Named Entity Extraction and Relation Recognition for Science and Technology Knowledge Graph (2020)

Construct a knowledge graph is time-consuming and the knowledge graph in the scientific domain requires extremely high labor costs due to it requires high prior knowledge to extract knowledge from resources. To build a scientific research knowledge graph, the most of input are papers, patent, the description of their project and some national program (such as National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, General Program, Key Program and Major Program) which all of them are unstructured data, that make human participation are mostly necessary to measure the quality. In this paper, we design and proposed a framework using active learning; this framework can be used to extract entity and relation from unstructured science and technology research data. This framework combines the human and machine learning approach together, which is active learning, to help user extract entity from those unstructured data with less time cost. By using those data to construct a CKG as annotation label, it further implements active learning tools and helps the expert to rapidly annotate the data with high accuracy. Those knowledge graph constructed by this framework can be used to finding similar research area, finding similar researchers, finding popular research areas and so on.
Micromachined silicon fuel atomizers for gas turbine engines (2002)

This paper presents results on fabrication and testing of micromachined fuel atomizers for gas turbine engines. Pressure-swirl (simplex) atomizers are batch fabricated by bulk micromachining of silicon using deep reactive-ion-etching (RIE). The atomizers are fabricated as an array, according to a designed experiment, and the influence of the geometric features on the performance of the atomizers is studied. The atomizer design is optimized by a response surface methodology. Finally, a comparative study is done, comparing and contrasting the performance of the silicon atomizers with conventional and metallic atomizers.
Cinnamon as a Useful Preventive Substance for the Care of Human and Plant Health (2021)

Cinnamon is widely used as a food spice, but due to its antibacterial and pharmacological properties, it can also be used in processing, medicine and agriculture. The word "Cinnamon" can refer to the plant, processed material, or an extract. It is sometimes used as a substance, and sometimes used as a mixture or as compounds or a group. This article reviews research into the effectiveness of various forms of cinnamon for the control of plant diseases and pests in crops and during storage of fruit and vegetables. Cinnamon acts on pests mainly as a repellent, although in higher doses it has a biocidal effect and prevents egg-laying. Cinnamon and its compounds effectively hinder bacterial and fungal growth, and the phytotoxic effects of cinnamon make it a possible herbicide. This article presents the wide practical use of cinnamon for various purposes, mainly in agriculture. Cinnamon is a candidate for approval as a basic substance with protective potential. In particular, it can be used in organic farming as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for use in plant protection, especially in preventive treatments. The use of natural products is in line with the restriction of the use of chemical pesticides and the principles of the EU's Green Deal.
[Proletariat and migrant: free for subordination]. (1986)

Using information taken from experiences in Bahia, Brazil, this study attempts to show how the historic process of proletarianization changes in character and level of radicalism at certain moments in the process of the emergence and development of capitalism, thus producing significant changes in migratory patterns. Special focus is given on how the migratory flux in rural Bahia has been more intense in the last 50 years, altering subsequent spacial displacements of population. At the same time, the form of collective organization of production of the salaried classes in both the rural and town areas have been redefined, thus turning migrations into expressive mediation mechanisms in constitution of an eminently urban society.