gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity enhancement of evanescent wave immunoassay (1993)

A fluoro-immunosensor has been developed using evanescent wave technology. The system uses a disposable device consisting of the waveguide and the flow cell. The effect of an excitation wavelength on the sensitivity of an evanescent wave immunoassay system has been studied experimentally. Background fluorescence from the polymethylmethacrylate waveguide is reduced by shifting to a longer excitation wavelength. The system using an excitation wavelength of 650 nm is found to possess sensitivity an order of magnitude higher than that obtained in conventional systems.
Analytical solution for an eccentric mandrel in a fluid‐filled borehole: The acoustic case (2004)

An analytical solution to Navier's equation is derived for the case of an eccentric mandrel inside a fluid‐filled borehole. The exact boundary conditions are applied using an adaptation of a rigorous technique that has successfully been used to solve electromagnetic problems in the same 2.5‐D geometry. In this method, the Fourier transform of the fields is obtained by solving an infinite system of linear equations which converges rapidly. The fields can be calculated given their Fourier transform. In this discussion, all media are isotropic with arbitrary intrinsic attenuations.
Predicting Energy Values of Feeds (1993)

Accurate estimates of the available energy content of feeds are necessary to formulate diets and to evaluate the nutritional and economic value of different feedstuffs. Estimation methods must be rapid, inexpensive, and accurate before they are accepted widely by commercial feed testing laboratories. Currently, most laboratories use empirical equations based on ADF or NDF to estimate available energy content of feeds. Those equations are incorrect theoretically and lack adequate precision. Summative models that account for several sources of variation have been developed. These models are based on the composition of the fiber and nonfiber fractions. Adjustments are made to account for variations in digestibilities of fiber and protein and in the concentrations of fat and ash. Additional improvements are needed to ad- just for associative effects, feed intake effects, and physical characteristics of the feed.
A 128×128 Single-Photon Imager with on-Chip Column-Level 10b Time-to-Digital Converter Array Capable of 97ps Resolution (2008)

We present an array of 128times128 highly miniaturized SPAD (single-photon avalanche diodes) pixels with a bank of 32 time-to-digital converters (TDCs) on chip. A decoder selects a 128-pixel row. Every group of 4 pixels in the row shares a TDC based on an event-driven mechanism. As a result, row-wise parallel acquisition is obtained with a low number of TDCs. Because of the outstanding timing precision of SPADs and an optimized TDC design, a typical resolution of 97 ps is achieved within a range of 100 ns (10 b) at a maximum rate of 10 MS/s per TDC. The TDC bank exhibits a DNL of 0.08LSB and an INL of 1.89LSB.
Application of the Model Reference Approach in Laser Beam Steering Systems (1997)

Abstract : A model reference control system has been developed to adaptively control the pointing of a Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking system in a satellite-based Laser Communication system. This approach allows the description of the system transfer behavior to be defined in software, and the behavior of the real system to be driven to this software model. The consequence is the isolation of the real, transient and wear affected system from the ideal, modeled system performance, allowing the forcing function of the controller to correct for transients (e.g. platform jitter) and for long term effects of wear and operational conditions. The use of this technique in compensating for bending modes in less expensive optical mirror systems has been experimentally demonstrated. The consequence of using this improved pointing accuracy and the associated improvement in burst error performance to allow transient control of output carrier power is suggested as a means of enhancing system reliability.
High speed CMOS chip to chip communication circuit (1991)

Communication circuits between chips through transmission lines are demonstrated. In standard packages, a single-output 75- Omega line driver in a 2- mu m CMOS process reaches a data rate of 700 Mb/s, and a differential-output 50- Omega line driver plus a receiver in a 1.2- mu m CMOS process works up to a data rate of 1 Gb/s. By using leadless chip carriers, the 75- Omega line driver in a 1.2- mu m CMOS process gives a maximum data rate of 1.3 Gb/s. These are measured results. The differential driver and receiver should be able to work at a data rate of 1.25 Gb/s with a leadless chip carrier. The impact of packaging on high speed chip to chip communication is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanoparticle‐Loaded Protein–Polymer Nanodroplets for Improved Stability and Conversion Efficiency in Ultrasound Imaging and Drug Delivery (2015)

A new formulation of volatile nanodroplets stabilized by a protein and polymer coating and loaded with magnetic nanoparticles is developed. The droplets show enhanced stability and phase conversion efficiency upon ultrasound exposure compared with existing formulations. Magnetic targeting, encapsulation, and release of an anticancer drug are demonstrated in vitro with a 40% improvement in cytotoxicity compared with free drug.
ATP citrate-lyase and glycogen synthase kinase-3<i>β</i> in 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation into adipocytes (1994)

ATP citrate-lyase (CL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) levels were measured in cytosol from 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation from fibroblasts into fat-cells. Protein levels were estimated from immunoblots using specific antisera. Cytosol from confluent cells contain significant amounts of GSK-3 beta, which fell during differentiation of these cells into adipocytes. CL from confluent cells was found to be mostly in the form of a single protein band of apparent mass 110 kDa. Levels of CL and ACC increased during cell differentiation into adipocytes. During the first 3 days of differentiation, CL migration changed, and it was expressed as a complex of protein bands of apparent mass 110 kDa, 113 kDa and 115 kDa. At later stages of differentiation, when these cells had assumed the phenotype of fat-cells, they expressed CL mainly as protein bands of 110 and 113 kDa. When samples containing these bands were treated with alkaline phosphatase, the 113 kDa protein band collapsed into the 110 kDa species. This suggests that the slower-migrating species of CL is a higher-order phosphorylation state of the same protein. Furthermore, when purified CL, mostly expressed as the 110 kDa species, was phosphorylated with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase alone or together with GSK-3 and resolved by SDS/PAGE, the phosphorylated CL now migrated more slowly as the 113 kDa and 115 kDa forms. CL phosphorylation was hormone-regulated, since, in samples from fat-cells that had the complex two-band pattern, when cultured in medium without serum or hormones, CL migration reverted to a single band of 110 kDa, similar to confluent cells. Treatment of these 'down-regulated' cells with insulin rapidly induced substantial amounts of the 113 kDa species, with a concomitant decrease in the 110 kDa species.
Sol-Gel Derived ZrO<sub>2</sub>-PVP Coatings with High Laser-Induced Damage Threshold (2011)

ZrO 2 and ZrO 2 -PVP sol was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. And the thin films were prepared with spin coating method. ZrO 2 thin films were characterized or examined by many kinds of instruments. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was employed and some infrared absorption peaks weakened when the heating temperature increased. And 1-on-1 laser-induced damage threshold tests on ZrO 2 films were carried out. Refractive index and thickness of the ZrO 2 -PVP films were measured by means of automatic scanning spectroscopic ellipsometer and the refractive index of ZrO 2 -PVP film changed with the addition of PVP content.
Determination of the pharmacokinetics of cerivastatin when administered in combination with sirolimus and cyclosporin A in patients with kidney transplant, and review of the relevant literature (2003)

The combination therapy of cerivastatin with sirolimus and CsA leads to a significant increase in cerivastatin exposure. Additional drug monitoring of sirolimus and CsA is not necessary.
Mobile apps in trauma education (2023)

Mobile apps are becoming popular educational tools due to their accessibility, interactivity and ability to provide personalised learning. Numerous apps are now available for healthcare professionals, including in the area of medical education and training. But until now, the number of PHTLS apps available for health professionals or information on their features was not known.PHTLS is the emergency support provided for trauma patients involving their immediate care and transport. It is indispensable for the early identification and management of life-endangering trauma.Researchers in Peru conducted a systematic search of the Apple Store, BlackBerry World, and the Google Play Store in December 2015 for all English and Spanish mobile apps that at least provided information on the airway, breathing and circulation (ABC) first-aid procedure for PHTLS. They found a total of 41 mobile apps.Less than half these apps were free, among which only a few had interactive content (30%). Also, few of the free apps (30%) were institutionally certified, which means the credibility of their content cannot be guaranteed. An Internet connection was not required for most free apps (85%) to be fully functional, a feature that could be considered useful for professionals working in pre-hospital environments where Internet connections can be weak or unavailable, say the researchers.The team did not have access to information on PHTLS training apps that cost money, so they were unable to evaluate their features and compare them with those of free apps. Nevertheless, the team believes this to be the first study that has evaluated the features of mobile apps for PHTLS. Designers of these apps, PHTLS professionals and researchers in the field of wireless and mobile technologies in medical care should take the study’s findings into consideration when designing and using them, the researchers conclude in their study published in the <i>Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care.</i>Other InformationPublished in: QScience.com Highlights, Published by Nature Research for Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)<br>License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0<br>
SMSAssassin (2011)

Due to increase in use of Short Message Service (SMS) over mobile phones in developing countries, there has been a burst of spam SMSes. Content-based machine learning approaches were effective in filtering email spams. Researchers have used topical and stylistic features of the SMS to classify spam and ham. SMS spam filtering can be largely influenced by the presence of regional words, abbreviations and idioms. We have tested the feasibility of applying Bayesian learning and Support Vector Machine(SVM) based machine learning techniques which were reported to be most effective in email spam filtering on a India centric dataset. In our ongoing research, as an exploratory step, we have developed a mobile-based system SMSAssassin that can filter SMS spam messages based on bayesian learning and sender blacklisting mechanism. Since the spam SMS keywords and patterns keep on changing, SMSAssassin uses crowd sourcing to keep itself updated. Using a dataset that we are collecting from users in the real-world, we evaluated our approaches and found some interesting results.
Shilling recommender systems for fun and profit (2004)

Recommender systems have emerged in the past several years as an effective way to help people cope with the problem of information overload. One application in which they have become particularly common is in e-commerce, where recommendation of items can often help a customer find what she is interested in and, therefore can help drive sales. Unscrupulous producers in the never-ending quest for market penetration may find it profitable to shill recommender systems by lying to the systems in order to have their products recommended more often than those of their competitors. This paper explores four open questions that may affect the effectiveness of such shilling attacks: which recommender algorithm is being used, whether the application is producing recommendations or predictions, how detectable the attacks are by the operator of the system, and what the properties are of the items being attacked. The questions are explored experimentally on a large data set of movie ratings. Taken together, the results of the paper suggest that new ways must be used to evaluate and detect shilling attacks on recommender systems.
Tyrosine kinases regulate the cytoskeletal attachment of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and the cellular retraction of fibrin polymers. (1994)

Integrins promote cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesion by acting as transmembrane linker molecules between extracellular adhesion proteins and the actin-rich cytoskeleton. The integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) is essential for platelet spreading, aggregation, fibrin clot retraction, and for the transduction of extracellular signals. We examined the effect of the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A on integrin and cytoskeletal-mediated events in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Incubation of washed platelets for 24 h with herbimycin A (5 microM) abolished the thrombin-stimulated cytoskeletal enzyme activity of pp60c-src in parallel with a reduction in the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple platelet proteins, as assessed with anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblots. However, thrombin-induced activation of protein kinase C and the production of thromboxane A2 were not altered by herbimycin A. Despite the absence of cytoskeletal pp60c-src enzyme activity, platelet shape change, aggregation, and serotonin release were unaltered following platelet stimulation with thrombin (0.05-1.0 unit/ml). Herbimycin A-treated platelets also demonstrated normal platelet aggregation in response to collagen (5 micrograms/ml), ionophore A23187 (2 microM), and ADP/adrenaline (10 microM each). However, the ability of herbimycin A-treated platelets to retract fibrin gels was significantly reduced. This defect in clot retraction was associated with reduced incorporation of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 into the cytoskeletal fraction of thrombin-aggregated platelets. Our studies suggest that tyrosine kinases in platelets regulate the cytoskeletal attachment of alpha IIb beta 3, as an essential process for the transmission of cellular contractile forces to fibrin polymers.
Norbornene-Functionalized Diblock Copolymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization for Magnetic Nanoparticle Stabilization (2006)

There are a number of strategies in molecular nanoscience to prepare stabilized magnetic nanocomposites, including the use of polymeric surfactants. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was used to prepare a series of novel, well-defined diblock copolymers of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene 2-carboxylic acid 2-cyanoethyl ester and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, consisting of both anchoring and steric stabilizing blocks. Cyanoester groups were incorporated into the norbornene polymers to chelate and stabilize iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. These polynorbornene-based copolymers were characterized by GPC, along with 1H NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Nanostructured maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) magnetic ferrofluids were prepared using diblock copolymers as stabilizers in toluene or cyclohexanone, via thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 and subsequent oxidation of the iron nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopic images showed a highly crystalline structure of monodispersed γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, with average particle sizes varying from 5 to 7 nm.
Real-Time Perception Meets Reactive Motion Generation (2018)

We address the challenging problem of robotic grasping and manipulation in the presence of uncertainty. This uncertainty is due to noisy sensing, inaccurate models, and hard-to-predict environment dynamics. We quantify the importance of continuous, real-time perception and its tight integration with reactive motion generation methods in dynamic manipulation scenarios. We compare three different systems that are instantiations of the most common architectures in the field: 1) a traditional sense-plan-act approach that is still widely used; 2) a myopic controller that only reacts to local environment dynamics; and 3) a reactive planner that integrates feedback control and motion optimization. All architectures rely on the same components for real-time perception and reactive motion generation to allow a quantitative evaluation. We extensively evaluate the systems on a real robotic platform in four scenarios that exhibit either a challenging workspace geometry or a dynamic environment. We quantify the robustness and accuracy that is due to integrating real-time feedback at different time scales in a reactive motion generation system. We also report on the lessons learned for system building.
Enhanced Penetration of Silver Nanocomposite Assemblies into Dentine Using Iontophoresis: Toward the Treatment of Dental Caries (2014)

Abstract A strategy to prevent and treat tooth decay, which utilises electrophoretic movement of charged, antibacterial silver nanocomposite structures to infiltrate human dentine to target bacteria contained within the dentine tubules, has been developed and evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy have confirmed high affinity of the nanocomposite structures for tooth tissue, and enhanced penetration of the nanostructures into the tubules under the influence of direct current. It is anticipated that this strategy could be used to sterilise dentine prior to the placement of a dental restorative material.
Prevention of Venous Thrombosis With Small, Subcutaneous Doses of Heparin (1976)

The effect of low-dose heparin prophylaxis on venous thrombosis and bleeding after major elective surgery was studied in a prospective controlled study of 820 patients. The total incidence of venous thrombosis detected with leg-scanning using fibrinogen labeled with radioactive iodine (125I) was reduced from 16.0% in the control group to 4.2% in treated patients. More important, the incidence of popliteal or femoral vein thrombosis was reduced from 2.9% to 1.0%. Prophylaxis resulted in a slight increase in bleeding-minor wound hematoma, mean volume of blood transfused, and a post-operative hematocrit fall in treated patients. However, increased bleeding was clinically minor, and prophylaxis was well tolerated.
Integration of the PLT and PBU Data in Permeability Modeling Workflow (2014)

Abstract Permeability prediction always constitutes a challenging step in the modeling process. Reservoir heterogeneity such as diagenesis, fracturing and effective connected geobodies are the main factors complicating the prediction. Hence, limiting permeability model to core data only could lead to unsatisfactory results while history matching. As consequence, poor reservoir performance prediction will be obtained. In such circumstance, further permeability enhancement using PBU and PLT data are usually needed. The Core or log derived Permeability captures the heterogeneity around the wellbore whereas well test data describes the reservoir in accordance with the radius of investigation. In addition to that, the measured core permeability is absolute while the fluid flow in the reservoir is governed by the effective permeability which is captured by well test data. Having the advantage of continuous monitoring program including PLT and PBU constitute a precious and considerable piece of data. These amounts of PLTs allow capturing the vertical heterogeneity in the reservoir while the PBU tests give better areal distribution of the KH test. A ratio of KH test over KH core can be calculated and usually assumed as a good indicator of presence of fractures. In this case, an appropriate Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model is required to build the permeability model. However, if the ratio is indicating matrix contribution a more simplistic approach can be applied and gives reasonable results. By identifying the contributing intervals from PLT results coupled with the KH test over KH core ratio, the core permeability is then elevated to the test permeability. The objective of this work is to present the application of this approach in different blocks in one giant gas field which shows improvement in the permeability prediction; results are supported by dynamic analytical model performance. Introduction Estimating effective permeability at reservoir scale is a challenging task especialy in carbonates due to the fact that their depositional process and the diagenetic history can be very complex, resulting in heterogeneity of the pore system. In addition to that, fractutres can occure in the reservoir leading to additional difficulties to characterize the permeability. As consequence of that, high permeability intervals can be developed at different scale, those streaks might not be captured by core and log data.
Polyamines modulate the neurotoxic effects of NMDA in vivo (1993)

The ability of polyamines to alter NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rats was examined to determine whether polyamines modulate NMDA receptor activity in vivo. Unilateral injections of NMDA and/or polyamines were made into the striatum of 7-day-old rats. After 5 days, the brains were removed and 20 microns thick coronal sections were cut and stained with Cresyl violet. A computer-based image analysis system was used to densitometrically measure the cross-sectional area of intact tissue in the control and injected hemispheres. Administration of NMDA (5-40 nmol) produced a dose-dependent tissue damage that ranged from 7 to 52% of the area of the uninjected hemisphere. The polyamine agonist spermine (10-500 nmol) dose-dependently exacerbated the toxicity of a 15 nmol dose of NMDA, increasing the size of the lesion by up to 50%. Administration of spermine alone produced dose-dependent tissue damage that ranged from 9 to 52%. The damage produced by both NMDA and spermine could be completely inhibited by co-administration of the NMDA antagonist MK-801. The polyamine inverse agonist 1,10-diaminodecane (DA-10, 50-400 nmol) inhibited the damage produced by NMDA in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal inhibition of 50%. Administration of DA-10 alone produced limited damage at doses above 100 nmol. The weak partial agonist diethylenetriamine had no effect by itself or on NMDA-induced toxicity at the doses tested. These results indicate that polyamines can modulate the activity of NMDA receptors in vivo and suggest that polyamines or related compounds may have important therapeutic potential as neuroprotective agents.