gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of 2′-O-Methyl Nucleotide Substitution on EcoRI Endonuclease Cleavage Activities (2013)

To investigate the effect of sugar pucker conformation on DNA-protein interactions, we used 2'-O-methyl nucleotide (2'-OMeN) to modify the EcoRI recognition sequence -TGAATTCT-, and monitored the enzymatic cleavage process using FRET method. The 2'-O-methyl nucleotide has a C3'-endo sugar pucker conformation different from the C2'-endo sugar pucker conformation of native DNA nucleotides. The initial reaction velocities were measured and the kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax were derived using Michaelis-Menten equation. Experimental results showed that 2'-OMeN substitutions for the EcoRI recognition sequence decreased the cleavage efficiency for A2, A3 and T4 substitutions significantly, and 2'-OMeN substitution for T5 residue inhibited the enzymatic activity completely. In contrast, substitutions for G1 and C6 could maintain the original activity. 2'-fluoro nucleic acid (2'-FNA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) having similar C3'-endo sugar pucker conformation also demonstrated similar enzymatic results. This position-dependent enzymatic cleavage property might be attributed to the phosphate backbone distortion caused by the switch from C2'-endo to C3'-endo sugar pucker conformation, and was interpreted on the basis of the DNA-EcoRI structure. These 2'-modified nucleotides could behave as a regulatory element to modulate the enzymatic activity in vitro, and this property will have potential applications in genetic engineering and biomedicine.
Emerging biorefinery markets: global context and prospects for Latin America (2008)

Abstract The production of chemicals from renewable raw materials is expected to take place in a biorefinery system. This review provides a historical background of previous efforts to establish chemical production based on renewable raw materials. Considering the current efforts and strategies to develop biorefineries in Europe and the USA the prospects for Latin America are explored. Even though some Latin American governments have started legislating for the inclusion of renewable energies, there is little evidence they have envisaged plans to explore the development of biorefineries. Developing biorefineries in the region would require an assessment of current agricultural means of production with a view to taking advantage of the varied climate and wide range of crops that could serve as raw materials. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Simulation of a multiple substrate reactor for chemical vapor infiltration of pyrolytic carbon within carbon‐carbon composites (1993)

Abstract A model for a pilot‐scale chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) reactor in which multiple substrates are densified simultaneously by carbon deposition from a pyrolyzing hydrocarbon is presented. Kinetic expressions and parameters and transport properties for carbon deposition from propylene determined from experimental studies and a single substrate CVI model are incorporated into the pilot reactor model. The two‐dimensional transport equations for heat, mass and momentum transfer are solved for the entire reactor to simulate the effects of varied operating conditions on substrate densification throughout the reactor during the CVI process. Of the conditions simulated, the reactor temperature was found to have the most significant impact on both the uniformity of densification and the process time required. As the temperature increased, the uniformity of densification decreased and the time at which pore blockage at the outer surface occurred was shortened. Increasing the hydrocarbon feed concentration shortened the process time, but did not affect the final level of densification, while the feed rate only affected CVI at intermediate times. Comparison between experimental pilot reactor results and model predictions were satisfactory at short and long times, but agreement was less satisfactory at intermediate times.
Device Identification Interoperability in Heterogeneous IoT Platforms (2019)

With the continuous improvement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, various IoT platforms are under development. However, each IoT platform is developed based on its own device identification system. That is, it is challenging to identify each sensor device between heterogeneous IoT platforms owing to the resource request format (e.g., device identifier) varying between platforms. Moreover, despite the considerable research focusing on resource interoperability between heterogeneous IoT platforms, little attention is given to sensor device identification systems in diverse IoT platforms. In order to overcome this problem, the current work proposes an IoT device name system (DNS) architecture based on the comparative analysis of heterogeneous IoT platforms (i.e., oneM2M, GS1 'Oliot', IBM 'Watson IoT', OCF 'IoTivity', FIWARE). The proposed IoT DNS analyzes and translates the identification system of the device and resource request format. In this process, resource requests between heterogeneous IoT platforms can be reconfigured appropriately for the resources and services requested by the user, and as a result, users can use heterogeneous IoT services. Furthermore, in order to illustrate the aim of the proposed architecture, the proposed IoT DNS is implemented and tested on a microcomputer. The experimental results show that a oneM2M-based device successfully performs a resource request to a Watson IoT and FIWARE sensor devices.
An Improved Real-Time Natural Feature Tracking Algorithm for AR Application (2006)

A real-time camera registration algorithm using nature features for augmented reality applications is presented. The system uses a single camera for visual tracking of the nature features extracted from the real scene. A limited number of calibrated key-frames and a rough 3D model of the part of the real environment are required. Accurate camera registration can be achieved by matching the input image and the keyframe, whose viewpoint is as close as possible to each other. The problem of wide baseline correspondence is solved by rendering an intermediate image. Extended Kalman filter is applied for jitter correction. The performance of the algorithm is tested using real image sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that our registration algorithm is accurate and robust, and it can handle significant aspect changes
Direct kinematic solution of a Stewart platform (1990)

The Stewart platform is a fully parallel, six-degree-of-freedom manipulator mechanism. Although its inverse kinematics have been extensively studied, no solutions to the direct position kinematics problem have been previously presented in the literature. A solution of the direct kinematics problem of the case in which the six limbs form three concurrent pairs at either the base or the hand member is presented. Even though it is not the most general possible configuration, this case does include many arrangements that have been used in practical robot mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptors Mediate ATP Release and Amplification of Astrocytic Intercellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>Signaling (2006)

Modulation of synaptic transmission and brain microcirculation are new roles ascribed to astrocytes in CNS function. A mechanism by which astrocytes modify neuronal activity in the healthy brain depends on fluctuations of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, which regulate the release of "gliotransmitters" via an exocytic pathway. Under pathological conditions, however, the participation of other pathways, including connexin hemichannels and the pore-forming P2X7R, have been proposed but remain controversial. Through the use of genetically modified 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells and of spinal cord astrocytes derived from neonatal Cx43- and P2X7R-null mice, we provide strong evidence that P2X7Rs, but not Cx43 hemichannels, are sites of ATP release that promote the amplification of Ca2+ signal transmission within the astrocytic network after exposure to low divalent cation solution. Moreover, our results showing that gap junction channel blockers (heptanol, octanol, carbenoxolone, flufenamic acid, and mefloquine) are antagonists of the P2X7R indicate the inadequacy of using these compounds as evidence for the participation of connexin hemichannels as sites of gliotransmitter release.
An NSF/ONR funded project on the use of micromechanical machines in a power circuit breaker (2004)

This panel presentation describes NSF-EPNES research project. The research project relates to electric power distribution: the delivery of electric power from a generation and transmission system to a point of utilization. An important power system component is the circuit breaker, essentially a switch, used to isolate and separate parts of the system under fault and certain other operating conditions. In this project, a radical departure from mechanical circuit breakers is proposed: microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches shall be operated at very high speed to effectuate rapid system operating configuration changes. The use of MEMS switches will allow the application of advanced optimal operating strategies to permit rapid disconnection of faulted components; rerouting of power from faulted segments to unfaulted segments; utilization of DC distribution in naval applications; and minimization of system losses. The broader impact of the project relates to: a potential breakthrough in power distribution switching and a logical break to the next generation of power distribution systems. At present, power distribution manufacturing has moved offshore. A breakthrough in distribution engineering, especially using a technology largely relegated to the United States could have considerable impact on the power engineering industry.
Enhanced Low Visibility Operations &#x2014; Increasing flight operations services in the National Airspace System in low visibility conditions (2012)

Aircraft landing and taking off in low visibility is a critical area for aviation and the aviation industry. Flights can be cancelled, diverted, or delayed if aircraft cannot land or take off in low visibility. This impacts all users and stakeholders of the National Airspace System (NAS), including passengers. Low visibility can develop from weather or fog, causing air traffic to move from Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) to Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). During IMC, aircraft are under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and only those aircraft that appropriately equipped with appropriately trained crews can continue operations. If aircraft could be equipped such that flight operations could continue for a longer period of time while conditions are worsening, more operations could continue to land rather than divert or take off rather than wait for conditions to improve. In a combined effort, and as part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), the FAA is in the initial stages of implementing increased low visibility capabilities in an effort initiated and led by FAA Flight Standards and supported by Navigation Services. Prior to this work, Standard Category (CAT) I, CAT II, and CAT III were available. Minima are defined by the Runway Visual Range (RVR) system. New levels of service include take offs with a minimum as low as 500', as well as landing operations that include RVR 1800 (vice RVR 2400), Special Authorization (SA) CAT I, and SA CAT II. As will be discussed, this allows for advantages such as lower RVR-defined minima, lower Decision Altitude (DA), and for SA CAT II, lower life cycle costs for the infrastructure over the Standard CAT II services. The updates to FAA Order 8400.13, “Procedures for the Evaluation and Approval of Facilities for Special Authorization Category I Operations and All Category II and III Operations” allow for these additional categories of service. In an oversimplification, Flight Standards grants operational credit for equipage such as the Head Up Display (HUD) and Autoland so that such aircraft suitable equipped can continue with operations in conditions where other aircraft may have to be diverted. In many cases are obtained through publication of a new procedure, or in other cases may require some minimal ground infrastructure changes or enhancements, such as an additional Runway Visual Range (RVR) sensor or upgrade to the Instrument Landing System (ILS). What is arguably a particular advantage is that less lighting is required for these services.
Algorithms for automated meshing and unit cell analysis of periodic composites with hierarchical tri‐quadratic tetrahedral elements (2003)

Abstract Unit cell homogenization techniques together with the finite element method are very effective for computing equivalent mechanical properties of composites and heterogeneous materials systems. For systems with very complicated material arrangements, traditional, manual mesh generation can be a considerable obstacle to usage of these techniques. This problem is addressed here by developing automated meshing techniques that start from a hierarchical quad‐tree (in 2D) or oc‐tree (in 3D) mesh of pixel or voxel elements. From the pixel/voxel mesh, algorithms are presented for successive element splitting and nodal shifting to arrive at final meshes that accurately capture both material arrangements and constituent volume fractions, and the material‐scale stress and strain fields within the composite under different modalities of loading. The performance and associated convergence behaviour of the proposed techniques are demonstrated on both densely packed fibre and particulate composites, and on 3D textile‐reinforced composites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Calderón Couples of Lorentz Spaces (2001)

We present some sufficient conditions under which pairs of Banach function lattices are Calderón couples with special attention to the case of classical Lorentz spaces.
Preparation of graphene oxide by dry planetary ball milling process from natural graphite (2016)

Graphene oxides (GO) with different degrees of oxidation have been prepared by an in-house designed horizontal high energy planetary ball milling process.
Functional Modulation of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> RNA Polymerase (2000)

The promoter recognition specificity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is modulated by replacement of the sigma subunit in the first step and by interaction with transcription factors in the second step. The overall differentiated state of approximately 2000 molecules of the RNA polymerase in a single cell can be estimated after measurement of both the intracellular concentrations and the RNA polymerase-binding affinities for all seven species of the sigma subunit and 100-150 transcription factors. The anticipated impact from this line of systematic approach is that the prediction of the expression hierarchy of approximately 4000 genes on the E. coli genome can be estimated.
Sociedades productoras. De cazadores-recolectores a agricultores-ganaderos (2015)

El termino sociedades productoras hace alusion al hecho culminante por el que los grupos humanos del periodo Tardiglaciar cambiaron su modo de vida basado en la depredacion de la naturaleza por su progresivo dominio con el empleo de nuevas tecnicas de produccion de alimentos. La necesidad de un importante incremento en la recoleccion de semillas permitio adquirir los conocimientos necesarios en el proceso de reproduccion de las plantas y sus ciclos productivos dando lugar al nacimiento de la agricultura. Tambien determinadas especies animales fueron reunidas por el hombre, dirigiendo su reproduccion para obtener una reserva de alimento.
Design and Synthesis of Piperazine-Based Compounds Conjugated to Humanized Ferritin as Delivery System of siRNA in Cancer Cells (2021)

Gene expression regulation by small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds promise in treating a wide range of diseases through selective gene silencing. However, successful clinical application of nucleic acid-based therapy requires novel delivery options. Herein, to achieve efficient delivery of negatively charged siRNA duplexes, the internal cavity of "humanized" chimeric Archaeal ferritin (HumAfFt) was specifically decorated with novel cationic piperazine-based compounds (PAs). By coupling these rigid-rod-like amines with thiol-reactive reagents, chemoselective conjugation was efficiently afforded on topologically selected cysteine residues properly located inside HumAfFt. The capability of PAs-HumAfFt to host and deliver siRNA molecules through human transferrin receptor (TfR1), overexpressed in many cancer cells, was explored. These systems allowed siRNA delivery into HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cancer cells with improved silencing effect on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression with respect to traditional transfection methodologies and provided a promising TfR1-targeting system for multifunctional siRNA delivery to therapeutic applications.
Biomass waste-to-energy valorisation technologies: a review case for banana processing in Uganda (2017)

Uganda's banana industrialisation is rural based with limited technical knowledge and economic capability to setup modern solar technologies and thermo-conversions for drying banana fruit pulp. This review explored the advantages of various waste-to-energy technologies as well as their shortfalls. Anaerobic digestion stands out as the most feasible and appropriate waste-to-energy technology for solving the energy scarcity and waste burden in banana industry. Finally, potential options for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of banana waste were also elucidated.
Multi-band blending of aerial images using GPU acceleration (2017)

Aerial images are densely captured with high resolution. It is an important research topic to efficiently process the aerial images. Benefited from its powerful computation power, GPU acceleration techniques have been widely used in image processing, and many traditional techniques achieved real-time processing through using the GPU acceleration. In this research, we study the aerial image blending problems using GPU acceleration. We parallelized the Multi-band blending algorithm and achieved 30 times acceleration compared with CPU implementation.
Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater (2011)

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-positive bacterium, designated strain WPCB018(T), was isolated from a fresh water sample collected from Woopo wetland, Korea. The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminophospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (32.2 %), C(16 : 0) (20.1 %) and C(18 : 0) (18.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB018(T) belongs to a cluster comprising species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) (97.5 %) and Paenibcillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) (96.2 %). Genomic DNA-DNA hybridizations performed with strain WPCB018(T) and type strains of the species P. humicus, P. pinihumi, P. phyllosphaerae, P. pasadenensis and P. tarimensis showed relatedness values of only 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and genetic evidence, strain WPCB018(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB018(T) ( = KCTC 13280(T) = JCM 16350(T)).
[Association between elevated light levels in classrooms and change in vision acuity among elementary and secondary students]. (2015)

Visual acuity loss could be decreased in students with elevated light levels which may slow the response to myopiagenic stimuli for eyes, therefore the ambient light levels of blackboard and desk in classroom should be improved.
Active Site Studies of DT-diaphorase Employing Artificial Flavins (1995)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) (DT-diaphorase) is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the 2-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones using either NADH or NADPH as the electron donor. In this study, FAD was removed by dialyzing the holoprotein against 2 M KBr, and synthetic analogs of FAD were substituted in the flavin binding site as structural probes. Spectral analysis indicates that the benzoquinoid forms of 8-mercapto-FAD and 6-mercapto-FAD are stabilized on binding to the enzyme. This is consistent with the fact that the native flavoprotein forms the anion flavin radical upon photoreduction and suggests the presence of a positive charge near the N(1)C(2)O position of the isoalloxazine ring. Reactivity studies using 8-chloro- and 8-mercapto-flavins suggest that the 8 position of the FAD is accessible to the solvent. However, the rates of the reactions were dramatically decreased in the presence of the competitive inhibitor, dicumarol. 6-Mercapto-, 6-thiocyanato-, 6-azido-, and 6-amino-flavins were also used as structural probes. The results indicate that the 6 position is accessible to solvent. Dicumarol binding increases the pK alpha of the enzyme-bound 6-mercapto-flavin from below pH 5.0 to higher than pH 9.0. The results suggest that DT-diaphorase shows the same properties as the C-C transhydrogenases, and the binding of dicumarol elicits a conformational change or an adjustment in the polarity of the FAD pocket. The enzyme reconstituted with oxidized 5-deaza-FAD has significant catalytic activity, confirming that DT-diaphorase is an obligatory 2-electron transfer enzyme and plays a role in the detoxification of quinones and quinoid compounds by reducing them to the relatively stable hydroquinones.
Biotinylation of Antibodies (1994)

The high affinity and specificity of the avidin-biotin interaction permit diverse applications in immunology, histochemistry, in situ hybridizations, affinity chromatography, and many other areas (1) (see Chapter 21 and Chapter 22 ). It was first exploited in immunocytochemical applications in the mid-1970s (2,3), and has since been commonly used to localize antigens in cells and tissues. In this technique, a biotinylated primary or secondary antibody is first applied to the sample, and the detection is accomplished by using labeled avidin. Avidin with a variety of labels are available commercially, including fluorescent, enzyme, iodine, ferritin, or gold labels.
Electron beam collimation with focused and curved leaf end MLCs—Experimental verification of Monte Carlo optimized designs (2002)

In general, electron beams from conventional accelerators using applicators with lead alloy inserts are not suitable for advanced conformal radiation therapy. However, interesting electron treatments have been demonstrated on a few advanced accelerators. These accelerators have been equipped with helium filled treatment heads and computer controlled MLCs that produce clinically useful energy modulated electron beams or mixed photon electron beams in an automated sequence. This study analyzes the characteristics of different MLC designs, curved and focused leaf ends in helium filled treatment heads, with respect to their effect on electron beams. In addition, this study analyzes the effects that different treatment head designs have on the output factor due to collimator scattering and shielding of secondary sources during treatment. The investigation of the different treatment head designs was performed with the Monte Carlo package BEAM and was verified by experimental methods. The results show that the difference between curved leaf ends and focused ends is negligible in most practical cases. The results also show the importance of scattering foil optimization in the optimization of parameters such as penumbra, virtual source position, and in the reduction of the output variation. In all cases, the experimental data verifies the calculations.