gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter pylori: a new pathogen. (1990)

There is now considerable evidence suggesting that C. pylori is a human pathogen. The strong association between C. pylori and gastroduodenal disease is well documented. A number of hypotheses have been suggested for the pathogenic mechanisms of C. pylori-induced gastroduodenal disease, including the production of cytotoxins and the mechanical disruption of the epithelium. At the present time, treatment with a combination of antimicrobial agents eradicates the infection in approximately 50% of cases. Until an ideal therapeutic regimen is available, antimicrobial therapy is recommended only for those patients who continue to be symptomatic following 6 to 8 weeks of treatment with an H2-receptor.
Dual Labeling of Metabolites for Metabolome Analysis (DLEMMA): A New Approach for the Identification and Relative Quantification of Metabolites by Means of Dual Isotope Labeling and Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Advanced metabolomics technologies are anticipated to permit the identification and quantification of metabolites at the whole-metabolome scale. Yet, most of the metabolites either remain unknown or cannot be identified unambiguously. Moreover, the present approaches suffer from inaccuracies in relative quantification because of sample preparation and matrix effects. Here we present Dual Labeling of Metabolites for Metabolome Analysis (DLEMMA) as a valuable tool, which with analogy to DNA array assays enables the identification and relative quantification of differential metabolites in a single sample. DLEMMA was demonstrated as an efficient method for reducing the number of possible chemical structures assigned that exhibit the same elemental composition. Its strength was exemplified by the discovery of 10 novel Tryptophan derivatives. Furthermore, employing DLEMMA by feeding two Phenylalanine-labeled precursors, we could detect differential metabolites between transgenic and control plants. The accuracy of relative quantification is also enhanced since DLEMMA provides identical matrixes for both samples, thus avoiding the effects of different complex biological matrixes on electrospray ionization. Hence, DLEMMA will complement and contribute to the advancement of metabolomics technologies and boost metabolic pathway discovery in diverse organisms.
Selfhold condition and its mechanical model of chain-ring overrunning clutch (2003)

The chainring overrunning clutch is a recently introduced friction overrunning clutch. A simplified mechanical model was used to analyze the selfhold condition using Euler's expression, but experiments showed that there were considerable errors. This paper presents a new model based on further analysis of the working principles which showed that Euler's expression is not suitable for the selfhold condition of a chainring overrunning clutch. The result compares two dimensionless parameters that are functions of the mechanism state. Experiments show that the result precisely describes the selfhold condition of a chainring overrunning clutch so the model can be used for product design.
Surgical Treatment of the Divided Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon in Zone 2, Delayed More than 6 Weeks, by Tendon Grafting in 50 Cases (1996)

The surgical treatment of the divided FDP tendon, more than 6 weeks old, in zone 2 is reviewed in 50 patients. The method used was the excision of the divided FDP tendon and the insertion of a thin tendon graft. There were 50 patients in this study; 36 were male and 14 female, aged from 18 to 60 years. All patients were markedly disabled because of loss of strength of the involved finger. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 25 years following tendon grafting. In 35 patients plantaris tendon was used and in 15 patients palmaris longus. Definite advantages were found in using the tendon grafting procedure; strength, dexterity, pinch and grasp were markedly improved. Functional results were evaluated by the Boyes method, with the Pulvertaft method as a secondary assessment. Among the 50 patients, 80% had excellent and good results (excellent 32%, good 48%) and 20% fair.
Preparation, in vitro release, and pharmacokinetics in rabbits of lyophilized injection of sorafenib solid lipid nanoparticles (2012)

Sorafenib solid lipid nanoparticles (S-SLN) were prepared by emulsion evaporation-solidification at low temperature. Morphology was examined by transmission electron microscope. Particle size and zeta potential were determined by laser granularity equipment. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was detected by Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vitro release profile of S-SLN was studied with dialysis technology. The lyophilized injection of S-SLN was prepared by freeze drying and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The plasma concentration of sorafenib in blood was determined by HPLC. The solid lipid nanoparticles assumed a spherical shape with an even distribution of diameter and particle size 108.23 ± 7.01 nm (n = 3). The polydispersity index, zeta potential, and EE were determined to be 0.25 ± 0.02, -16.37 ± 0.65 mV, and 93.49% ± 1.87%, respectively (n = 3). The in vitro release accorded with the Weibull distribution model. An equal volume of 15% (w/v) mannitol performed better as the protective agent for a lyophilized injection of S-SLN with a new material phase formation. The pharmacokinetic processes of sorafenib solution and lyophilized injection of S-SLN in vivo were in accordance with the two-compartment and one-compartment models, respectively. S-SLN nanoparticles are thus considered a promising drug-delivery system.
Pharmacological evaluation of narcotic antagonist delivery systems in rhesus monkeys. (1981)

Rhesus monkeys were chronically restrained, intravenously catheterized, and allowed to self-administer morphine, methamphetamine, and saline. Various sustained-release systems containing naltrexone were then implanted in the animals and examined for selective morphine blockade. Similarly, continuous intravenous infusions of naltrexone, buprenorphine, and methadone were tested against morphine or heroin self-administration.
<title>Microlens arrays</title> (1992)

Microlenses have been with us for a long time as indeed the very word lens reminds us. Many early lenses,including those made by Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century were small and resembled lentils. Many languages use the same word for both (French tilentillelt and German "Linse") and the connection is only obscure in English because we use the French word for the vegetable and the German for the optic. Many of the applications for arrays of inicrolenses are also well established. Lippmann's work on integral photography at the turn of the century required lens arrays and stimulated an interest that is very much alive today. At one stage, lens arrays played an important part in high speed photography and various schemes have been put forward to take advantage of the compact imaging properties of combinations of lens arrays. The fact that many of these ingenious schemes have not been developed to their full potential has to a large degree been due to the absence of lens arrays of a suitable quality and cost.
Spectral domain second harmonic optical coherence tomography (2005)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides micrometer scale structural imaging by coherent detection of light backscattered from a sample. The significance of OCT would be greatly enhanced by the capability to measure molecular specific signals. Observation of fluorescent markers is unfortunately not possible using OCT because fluorescence is not a coherent process. Instead, the methods being researched to extend OCT to include molecular contrast are, amongst others: transient absorption (pump-probe imaging), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), and second harmonic generation. With any of these techniques, the quality of the images obtained is limited by the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear process, which is inevitably much less than 1 and thus has resulted in low SNR and long acquisition times in previously reported work. Recent publications have demonstrated a sensitivity advantage of 20-30dB for spectral domain (SD) techniques in OCT over conventional time domain acquisition. The increased sensitivity of SD OCT systems stands to benefit the small signal powers observed in molecular contrast OCT. We have constructed a prototype spectral domain second harmonic OCT system utilizing a 130 femtosecond Nd:Glass laser and a pair of custom spectrometers for simultaneous acquisition of the fundamental and second harmonic signals. We report a 10dB increase in sensitivity while imaging 100 times faster than in initial reports of second harmonic OCT using time domain systems.
The Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) Domain: An Ancient and Highly Conserved Protein Module of the Innate Immune System (2004)

The Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) domain is an ancient and highly conserved protein module of ~100-110 amino acids, which defines a superfamily (SRCR-SF) of either soluble or membrane-bound receptors expressed by hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, at either embryonic or adult stages. The existence of two types of SRCR domains allows the division of the SRCR-SF into two groups. Members of group A contain SRCR domains with 6 cysteine residues and are encoded by two exons, whereas those of group B usually contain 8 cysteines and are encoded by a single exon. Group A members usually present as multidomain mosaic proteins containing single SRCR domains associated to other functional domains, such as enzymatic (protease) domains or collagenous regions. On the contrary, group B members generally present as proteins exclusively composed of tandem repeats of SRCR domains, with or without the presence of CUB and ZP domains thought to be involved in oligomerization but never associated to protease domains. Representatives of either group are found in different animal species, from low invertebrates (sponges) to high vertebrates (mammals). Although no unifying function has been defined for SRCR-SF members, accumulated data, together with the high degree of structural and phylogenetic conservation of SRCR domains indicates that they might subserve basic homeostatic functions, including innate immune defense.
Curative and Preventive Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Targeting Multiple Etiology (2021)

Gene deficient or knockout (KO) mice and rabbits are models of atherosclerosis focusing on cholesterol plaques, which do not reflect the complex etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase or the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce cholesterol levels but not the rate of CVD. Moreover, the one-drug-one-gene paradigm particularly targeting any one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which represent the largest protein family encoded by the human genome, has at best produced palliative treatment. Vascular diseases including CVD are caused by extraneous (xeno) factors, which are of multifactorial etiology consisting of upstream and downstream phases. The upstream phase is the physical breach of the cells protective glycocalyx (GCX) shield by chemical and biological pollutants, resulting in a sequela of cell damages (plexic) that is manifested downstream in the form of diseases, herein called xenoplexic diseases. Xenoplexic disease is an etiologic description while chronic disease is symptom-centric. This study treated a natural mouse with extraneous agents, which produced plaques and plaque reduction was the end point to evaluate the curative and/or preventive treatment effect of the 3-component compound therapy. Histopathology monitored the presence of plaque, and a 4-panel biomarker, based on GCX disruption, was subsequently developed as a surrogate to monitor plaque formation. Of the several 3-NCE combos tested 4 combos were found to be preventive and curative of plaques indicating the effectiveness of a combo platform therapy. One combo is chosen as the lead candidate and hereby designated as Embotricin <SUP>TM</SUP>.
Data Replication on the Cloud/Edge (2019)

This work presents a database replication system capitalising on hybrid cloud/edge infra-structures, which may be used in novel software architectures like microservices' applications. The system aims to reduce the latency perceived by clients performing read and update operations on a database, by locating replicas on edge nodes nearer end users. The replicas' convergence algorithm is based on eventual consistency and presents a novel solution that combines Operations Transformation and CRDTs techniques. The system follows the MongoDB data model and is validated on geographically disperse Amazon AWS data centers simulating edge nodes.
Identification of somatomedin-like polypeptides produced by mammary tumors of BALB/c mice. (1980)

A transplantable mammary tumor derived from an outgrowth of nodule-like alveolar lesions induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in cultures of whole mammary gland was shown to produce a family of somatomedin-like polypeptides when cultured in vitro. Minced mammary tumor tissue as well as monolayer cultures of tumor cells produced similar polypeptides when incubated in serum- and hormone-free medium. The polypeptides released into the medium ranged in molecular weight from 20,000 to 7,000 as determined by Sephadex G-50 chromatography under acidic conditions and analytical gel electrophoresis in acetic acid:urea. Because of their relative abundance, the M.W. 7000 polypeptides were partially purified and characterized. This preparation markedly stimulated DNA synthesis in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and competed for the binding of 125I-labeled multiplication-stimulating activity to these cells. The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor to the surface of mouse embryo fibroblasts, in contrast, was not affected.
Design of a spike event coded RGT microphone for neuromorphic auditory systems (2011)

This paper presents the design of a spike event coded resonant gate transistor microphone system for neuromorphic auditory applications. The microphone system employs an array of resonant gate transistors (RGT) to transduce acoustic input directly into bandpass filtered analog outputs. The bandpass filtered analog outputs are encoded as spike time events by a spike event coder and are then transmitted asynchronously by using the Address Event Representation (AER) protocol. The microphone system is designed to receive external inputs in the spike time domain to actively control the RGT response, a feature not present in other MEMS microphone systems implemented so far. System level simulations showing the response of the RGT sensor model and its spike event coded response are presented.
Lin28 and HER2: Two stem cell regulators conspire to drive aggressive breast cancer (2012)

Comment on: Feng CN, et al. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2486-94.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins and Related Reactions (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification and quantitation of adenine deoxynucleotides in erythrocytes of a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency. (1978)

Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate and deoxyadenosine 5'diphosphate are the most abundant nucleotides in erythrocytes of an untreated child with adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease.Since ATP and ADP are the predominant nucleotides in normal erythrocytes and the deoxynucleotides are virtually absent, the high levels of dATP and dADP represent a major perturbation of the normal nucleotide pool.Levels of adenine nucleotides present in erythrocytes from the affected child, as quantitated by high pressure liquid chromatography, are: ATP, 91; dATP, 157; ADP,
Molecular architecture of the 26S proteasome holocomplex determined by an integrative approach (2012)

The 26S proteasome is at the executive end of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the controlled degradation of intracellular proteins. While the structure of its 20S core particle (CP) has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the structure of the 19S regulatory particle (RP), which recruits substrates, unfolds them, and translocates them to the CP for degradation, has remained elusive. Here, we describe the molecular architecture of the 26S holocomplex determined by an integrative approach based on data from cryoelectron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, residue-specific chemical cross-linking, and several proteomics techniques. The "lid" of the RP (consisting of Rpn3/5/6/7/8/9/11/12) is organized in a modular fashion. Rpn3/5/6/7/9/12 form a horseshoe-shaped heterohexamer, which connects to the CP and roofs the AAA-ATPase module, positioning the Rpn8/Rpn11 heterodimer close to its mouth. Rpn2 is rigid, supporting the lid, while Rpn1 is conformationally variable, positioned at the periphery of the ATPase ring. The ubiquitin receptors Rpn10 and Rpn13 are located in the distal part of the RP, indicating that they were recruited to the complex late in its evolution. The modular structure of the 26S proteasome provides insights into the sequence of events prior to the degradation of ubiquitylated substrates.
The Genotype of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene ( <i>CCaMK</i> ) Determines Bacterial Community Diversity in Rice Roots under Paddy and Upland Field Conditions (2011)

The effects of the Oryza sativa calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsCCaMK genotype (dominant homozygous [D], heterozygous [H], recessive homozygous [R]) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a Tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. Roots were sampled at the flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in R plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relative to those in D plants (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively). Population shifts of the Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales were mainly responsible for this low abundance in R plants. The abundance of Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi) and Clostridia (Firmicutes) was increased in R plants under paddy conditions. The abundance of a subpopulation of Actinobacteria (Saccharothrix spp. and unclassified Actinosynnemataceae) was increased in R plants under upland conditions. Principal coordinate analysis revealed unidirectional community shifts in relation to OsCCaMK gene dosage under both conditions. In addition, shoot length, tiller number, and plant weight decreased as the OsCCaMK gene dosage decreased under upland conditions. These results suggest significant impacts of OsCCaMK on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and rice plant growth under both paddy and upland field conditions.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of Ba5RNiNb9O30 （R = La, Nd and Sm） ceramics (2006)

三新奇 Ba_5R NiNb_9O_(30 )(R = La， Nd 和 Sm ) 陶艺在 BaO-R_2O_3-NiO-Nb_2O_5 系统被准备并且描绘。所有三混合物 areparaelectjicphasesadopting。在房间温度的充满的四角形的钨铜(TB ) 结构。在 1 MHz， Ba_5RNiNb_9O_(30 ) 陶艺有高电介质在范围 193-245.3，在范围 0.0059-0.0087 的低绝缘的损失，和在范围的绝缘的常数(tau_e ) 的温度系数的常数 - 1 140-1 310 X 10 ~(-6) 中心点 deg C。他们绝缘的常数的温度系数显著地 Ba_5R NiNb_9O_(30 ) 与那些相比被减少(R= La， Nd， Sm ) 陶艺。
Structure-Based Discovery of Potential Fungicides as Succinate Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Inhibitors (2017)

A series of diphenyl ether-containing pyrazole-carboxamide derivatives was designed and synthesized as new succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) inhibitors. This highly potent molecular scaffold was developed from a moderately activie hit 3, obtained from our previous pharmacophore-linked fragment virtual screening (PFVS) method. The results of greenhouse tests indicated that some analogues showed good SQR inhibitory activity, with promising fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Sphaerotheca fuliginea at a dosage of 200 mg/L. Most surprisingly, compound 62 showed the highest SQR inhibitory activity with a K<sub>i</sub> value of 0.081 μM, about 4-fold more potent than penthiopyrad (K<sub>i</sub> = 0.307 μM). In addition, compounds 43 and 62 displayed excellent fungicidal activity even at a dosage as low as 6.25 mg/L, which was superior to thifluzamide. Moreover, compound 62 exhibited excellent protection effect against R. solani and provided about 81.2% protective control efficancy after 21 days with two sprayings. The present work indicated that these two compounds could be used as potential agricultural fungicides targeting SQR.
Evidence for differential effects of hepcidin in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (2007)

These data suggests that the rapid response to hepcidin is cell type and tissue specific. Upon its release, hepcidin initially targets macrophage iron recycling. The duodenum appears to be less sensitive to this initial rise in hepcidin levels. We believe the fact that macrophages respond more acutely to a hepcidin challenge is fully consistent with their central role in maintaining body iron homeostasis.
[(NHC)(NHC<sub>ewg</sub>)RuCl<sub>2</sub>(CHPh)] Complexes with Modified NHC<sub>ewg</sub> Ligands for Efficient Ring‐Closing Metathesis Leading to Tetrasubstituted Olefins (2010)

Imidazolium salts (NHC(ewg)HCl) with electronically variable substituents in the 4,5-position (H,H or Cl,Cl or H,NO(2) or CN,CN) and sterically variable substituents in the 1,3-position (Me,Me or Et,Et or iPr,iPr or Me,iPr) were synthesized and converted into the respective [AgI(NHC)(ewg)] complexes. The reactions of [(NHC)RuCl(2)(CHPh)(py)(2)] with the [AgI(NHC(ewg))] complexes provide the respective [(NHC)(NHC(ewg))RuCl(2)(CHPh)] complexes in excellent yields. The catalytic activity of such complexes in ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions leading to tetrasubstituted olefins was studied. To obtain quantitative substrate conversion, catalyst loadings of 0.2-0.5 mol % at 80 degrees C in toluene are sufficient. The complex with the best catalytic activity in such RCM reactions and the fastest initiation rate has an NHC(ewg) group with 1,3-Me,iPr and 4,5-Cl,Cl substituents and can be synthesized in 95 % isolated yield from the ruthenium precursor. To learn which one of the two NHC ligands acts as the leaving group in olefin metathesis reactions two complexes, [(FL-NHC)(NHC(ewg))RuCl(2)(CHPh)] and [(FL-NHC(ewg))(NHC)RuCl(2)(CHPh)], with a dansyl fluorophore (FL)-tagged electron-rich NHC ligand (FL-NHC) and an electron-deficient NHC ligand (FL-NHC(ewg)) were prepared. The fluorescence of the dansyl fluorophore is quenched as long as it is in close vicinity to ruthenium, but increases strongly upon dissociation of the respective fluorophore-tagged ligand. In this manner, it was shown for ring-opening metathesis ploymerization (ROMP) reactions at room temperature that the NHC(ewg) ligand normally acts as the leaving group, whereas the other NHC ligand remains ligated to ruthenium.
The effect of tramadol in painful polyneuropathy in relation to serum drug and metabolite levels (1999)

The opioid effect of (+)-Ml may be of importance for tramadol relief of on-going neuropathic pain but, in general, relief of neuropathic pain seems to depend on both the monoaminergic effect of (+)- and (-)-tramadol and the opioid effect of (+)-Ml.