gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Cutter Testing – A Key for Pdc Bit Development (1987)

Abstract A description is given of a single-cutter tester for studying the cutting process of PDCs in rock under simulated downhole conditions. The use of the tester is illustrated by a study of the effect of downhole pressures on the cutting process in shales. Prior to the tests the Pierre shale and Mancos shale outcrop samples used for the study were conditioned to enable proper downhole pressures to be simulated during the tests. The total bottomhole pressure only was found to govern the cutting process in Mancos shale, whereas both the pore pressure and the total bottomhole pressure govern the cutting process in Pierre shale. The dilatancy characteristics of the rocks are shown to be responsible for this behaviour. In addition the tests unveiled the balling mechanism of the outcrop shales in water-based and oil-based mud environments. On the basis of the insight gained from single-cutter tests, the paper discusses drilling characteristics of PDC bits in shales and bit and cutter design aspects that facilitate mechanical bit cleaning as a means of improving PDC bit performance in various shales.
24 channels colorless WDM-PON with L-band 10 Gb/s downstream and C-band 2.5 Gb/s upstream using multiple-wavelengths seeding sources based on mode-locked lasers (2010)

A novel WDM-PON delivering 10-Gb/s downstream based on L-band loss-less reflective-amplified-modulator and 2.5-Gb/s upstream based on C-band injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser is experimentally demonstrated for 24 channels over 25-km, using quantum-dash mode-locked laser-based multiple-wavelengths seeding sources.
Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition (2012)

Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition is written so that anyone can quickly get up to speed on Apple’s latest hit. As bloggers at The Unofficial Apple Weblog (TUAW.com), the authors have the happ
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Epilepsy (2002)

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have multiple roles in the brain: they are involved in signal transduction by fast synaptic transmission, axo-axonic transmission, and in the modulation of presynaptic transmitter release. Presynaptic nAChRs can increase the release of excitatory as well as of inhibitory transmitters, and can thereby control neuronal excitability. Furthermore, nAChRs which are expressed in fetal brain might also be involved in brain morphogenesis. Thus, the genes coding for the different nAChR subunits are likely candidates for several neurological disorders. The CHRNA4- or CHRNB2 subunits of the nAChR are associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE), a rare monogenic type of idiopathic epilepsy. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that ADNFLE mutations are causing both a loss-of-function and a gain-of-function in alpha4/beta2-heteropentameric nAChRs.
Ship Classification Based on Multifeature Ensemble with Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

As an important part of maritime traffic, ships play an important role in military and civilian applications. However, ships’ appearances are susceptible to some factors such as lighting, occlusion, and sea state, making ship classification more challenging. This is of great importance when exploring global and detailed information for ship classification in optical remote sensing images. In this paper, a novel method to obtain discriminative feature representation of a ship image is proposed. The proposed classification framework consists of a multifeature ensemble based on convolutional neural network (ME-CNN). Specifically, two-dimensional discrete fractional Fourier transform (2D-DFrFT) is employed to extract multi-order amplitude and phase information, which contains such important information as profiles, edges, and corners; completed local binary pattern (CLBP) is used to obtain local information about ship images; Gabor filter is used to gain the global information about ship images. Then, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to extract more abstract features based on the above information. CNN, extracting high-level features automatically, has performed well for object classification tasks. After high-feature learning, as the one of fusion strategies, decision-level fusion is investigated for the final classification result. The average accuracy of the proposed approach is 98.75% on the BCCT200-resize data, 92.50% on the original BCCT200 data, and 87.33% on the challenging VAIS data, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method when compared to the existing state-of-art algorithms.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Amathaspiramide F (2008)

The stereoselective total synthesis of the marine alkaloid (-)-amathaspiramide F (1) was achieved from the alpha-hydoxy-alpha-ethynylsilane 2. The crucial steps in this synthesis involved not only the enolate Claisen rearrangement of the alpha-acyloxy-alpha-alkenylsilane 6 for the construction of the nitrogen-containing quaternary carbon center, but also the chemoselective formation of the azaspirohemiaminal 12 using heptamethyldisilazane as the methylamine equivalent and the regioselective dibromination of the phenol moiety of 12 using n-Bu(4)NBrCl(2).
Finite-difference modeling of wave propagation in a fluid-solid configuration (2002)

Abstract Finite-difference (FD) techniques are widely used to model wave propagation through complex structures. Two main sources of error can be identified: (1) from numerical dispersion and numerical anisotropy and (2) by modeling the response of internal grid boundaries. Conventional discretization criteria to reduce the effects of numerical dispersion and numerical anisotropy have long been established (5–8 gridpoints per wavelength for a fourth-order accurate FD scheme). We analyze the second source of errors, comparing different staggered-grid FD solutions to the Cagniard-de Hoop solution in models with fluid–solid contacts. Our results confirm that it is sufficient to rely on conventional discretization criteria if the fluid–solid interface is aligned with the grid. If accurate modeling of the Scholte wave is required, then a new imaging method we propose should be used to allow for conventional sampling of the wavefield to minimize numerical dispersion. However, for an interface not aligned with the grid (irregular interfaces), a spatial sampling of at least 15 gridpoints per minimum wavelength is required to obtain acceptable results, particularly in seismic seabed applications where Scholte waves may need to be modeled more accurately.
Cholera stool bacteria repress chemotaxis to increase infectivity (2006)

Factors that enhance the transmission of pathogens are poorly understood. We show that Vibrio cholerae shed in human 'rice-water' stools have a 10-fold lower oral infectious dose in an animal model than in vitro grown V. cholerae, which may aid in transmission during outbreaks. Furthermore, we identify a bacterial factor contributing to this enhanced infectivity: The achievement of a transient motile but chemotaxis-defective state upon shedding from humans. Rice-water stool V. cholerae have reduced levels of CheW-1, which is essential for chemotaxis, and were consequently shown to have a chemotaxis defect when tested in capillary assays. Through mutational analyses, such a state is known to enhance the infectivity of V. cholerae. This is the first report of a pathogen altering its chemotactic state in response to human infection in order to enhance its transmission.
Highly Electrophilic (Salen)ruthenium(VI) Nitrido Complexes (2003)

A series of cationic ruthenium(VI) nitrido species containing the cyclohexyl-bridged salen ligand (L) and its derivatives, [RuVI(N)(L)]+, have been prepared by treatment of [NBun4][RuVI(N)Cl4] with H2L in methanol. The structure of [RuVI(N)(L)](ClO4) (1a) has been determined by X-ray crystallography, d(RuN) = 1.592 A. In solvents such as DMF or DMSO, [RuVI(N)(L)]+ undergoes a facile N...N coupling reaction at room temperature to produce N2 and [RuIII(L)(S)2]+ (S = solvent). 1a reacts rapidly with secondary amines to produce diamagnetic RuIV-hydrazido(1-) species, [RuIV(N(H)NR2)(L)(HNR2)]+. The reaction with morpholine is first order in RuVI and second order in morpholine with k(CH3CN, 25 degrees C) = 2.08 x 106 M-2 s-1. This rate constant is over 4 orders of magnitude larger than that of the corresponding reaction of the electrophilic osmium nitride, trans-[OsVI(N)(tpy)(Cl)2]+, with morpholine. The structure of [Ru(NHNC4H8)(L)(NHC4H8)](PF6)2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the Ru-N(hydrazido) distance is 1.940 A, and the Ru-N-N angle is 129.4 degrees .
Iterative decoding of systematic binary algebraic block codes (2002)

In this paper, MAP decoders for single parity check (SPC) codes are applied to the decoding of systematic binary algebraic block codes. We compare the performance of this decoding technique to hard decision syndrome decoding and soft decision brute force decoding. Simulation results are presented for the (7,4,3) and (15,11,3) Hamming codes in the AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. Using a product (7,4,3) Hamming code, the proposed scheme is also compared to the dual code technique as described Berrou and Glavieux (see IEEE Trans. Communications, vol.44, no.10, p.1261-71, 1996). Although the BER performance is slightly inferior, the proposed scheme is much less complex to implement.
Fabrication of Cordierite Honeycomb from Fly Ash (2007)

In the study, we attempted to synthesize the cordierite by the reaction of fly-ash and alumina, silicon dioxide, magnesia powders. And also porous cordierite honeycomb filte r for air purification was fabricated from the combination of synthetic cordierite using fly as h and pore forming agent. As the extrusion processing parameters of honeycomb, binder formul ation and extrusion conditions were investigated. Graphite addition was effective for the reduce ment of extrusion pressures. Porous cordierite honeycomb was fabricated with high porosity ( 58%), and good compressive strength (69MPa) with 30wt% graphite at low sintering tempera ture(1150oC).
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes Polymorphisms in Macedonian Patients with Haematological Malignancies (2013)

The aim of this study was to examine the gene frequencies of 16 KIR genes and pseudogenes (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DS1, KIR2DP1, and KIR3DP1) and KIR genotypes in Macedonian patients with haematological malignancies, to compare them with the corresponding frequencies of healthy Macedonians and to analyse eventual association of specific genes or genotypes with the studied haematological diseases.
Expression of vasohibin-2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma promotes tumor progression and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. (2015)

This study aimed to assess the expression of vasohibin-2 (VASH2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as a marker of tumor aggressiveness and its impact on tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, and clinical outcome. We examined the expression of the VASH2 gene in human pancreatic cell lines PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Fifty samples from patients with PDAC were immunostained with VASH2, CD34, and Ki-67 antibodies. Further, the immunoreactivity of VASH2 correlated with the pathological features, including microvessel density (MVD), tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 labeling index), and survival. Forty-seven of the 50 samples from PDAC patients showed immunoreactivity for VASH2 along the tumor cell cytoplasm. Among the VASH2-positive samples, 22 were categorized as high VASH2 expression group, and this group had statistical significance with pN stage (p = 0.006), UICC stage (p = 0.033), tumor proliferation (p < 0.001), and MVD (p = 0.017). Moreover, patients with high VASH2 expression showed worse prognosis compared to those showing low VASH2 expression (overall logrank p = 0.003). Thus, our results suggested that overexpression of VASH2 accelerated the pace of tumor development toward a more serious malignant phenotype and was associated with a poor clinical outcome. VASH2 may be an important novel target for the management of PDAC after surgery.
Ferroelectric integrated thin films (1994)

Abstract In recent years, great effort has been paid to “Integrated Ferroelectrics”, i.e. the integration of ferroelectric thin films with Si or GaAs chips for developing new devices or systems. Another interesting and potential important area for the investigation of ferroelectric thin films may be the integration of ferroelectric thin films with related functional films, such as piezoelectric and nonlinear optic thin films, for developing multifunctional devices or smart film devices by using the nonlinear or cross-coupling effects based on the interaction of elastic, thermal, electric, magnetic and optical fields in ferroelectric thin films. In this paper, we present some fundamental aspects of ferroelectric integrated thin films from both phenomenological and fabrication points of view, and give some examples of potential devices which can be made from ferroelectric integrated thin films.
Continuous-wave, all-solid-state, single-frequency 400-mW source at 589 nm based on doubly resonant sum-frequency mixing in a monolithic lithium niobate resonator (1998)

Sum-frequency mixing of two cw single-mode Nd:YAG lasers in a doubly resonant congruent lithium niobate resonator generated two TEM(00) beams of single-frequency 589-nm radiation. The primary beam had a power of 400 mW and the secondary beam of approximately 15 mW by use of 320 mW of 1319-nm and 660 mW of 1064-nm Nd:YAG radiation incident on the lithium niobate resonator. This corresponds to an optical power conversion efficiency of more than 40%.
Innate Immunity to the Pathogenic Fungus <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> Is Dependent on Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Dectin-1 (2005)

Coccidioides posadasii is a pathogenic fungus that causes endemic and epidemic coccidioidomycosis in the deserts of North, Central, and South America. How the innate immune system responds to the organism is not well understood. Here we show that elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages respond to spherules (the tissue form of the fungus) by producing proinflammatory cytokines as measured by quantitative PCR of cellular transcripts and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays for secreted protein. We examined the contribution of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and MyD88 in macrophage responses to formalin-killed spherules (FKS) by comparing cytokine responses of elicited macrophages from different knockout mice. FKS were added to elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages from wild-type, TLR2-/-, and MyD88-/- cells, and wild-type cells made more tumor necrosis factor alpha, MIP-2, and interleukin 6 than did the mutant macrophages. In contrast, the C3H/HeJ mice, which have a point mutation in TLR4, and TLR4-/- B6 mice exhibited no defect in cytokine production compared to the control mice. We also investigated the role of the macrophage beta-glucan receptor, Dectin-1. RAW 264.7 macrophages overexpressing Dectin-1 produced more cytokines in respond to FKS, live spherules, and purified beta-glucan than did control RAW cells. Blockage of Dectin-1 with antibodies inhibited cytokine production in elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, these results show that cytokine responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages to C. posadasii spherules are dependent on TLR2, MyD88, and Dectin-1.
Some aspects of housing consumption in late nineteenth century England and Wales (1987)

Abstract This paper examines some aspects of housing consumption in late nineteenth century England and Wales. It stresses the socially and historically specific nature of housing consumption, and distinguishes differences in social relations between various sub‐sectors of the private rental housing market.
A State Optimization Model Based on Kalman Filtering and Robust Estimation Theory for Fusion of Multi-Source Information in Highly Non-linear Systems (2019)

Consistent state estimation is a vital requirement in numerous real life applications from localization to multi-source information fusion. The Kalman filter and its variants have been successfully used for solving state estimation problems. Kalman filtering-based estimators are dependent upon system model assumptions. A deviation from defined assumptions may lead to divergence or failure of the system. In this work, we propose a Kalman filtering-based robust state estimation model using statistical estimation theory. Its primary intention is for multiple source information fusion, although it is applicable to most non-linear systems. First, we propose a robust state prediction model to maintain state constancy over time. Secondly, we derive an error covariance estimation model to accept deviations in the system error assumptions. Afterward, an optimal state is attained in an iterative process using system observations. A modified robust MM estimation model is executed within every iteration to minimize the impact of outlying observation and approximation errors by reducing their weights. For systems having a large number of observations, a subsampling process is introduced to intensify the optimized solution redundancy. Performance is evaluated for numerical simulation and real multi sensor data. Results show high precision and robustness of proposed scheme in state estimation.
A Review of Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (2010)

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based swarm intelligence algorithm and it has attracted a large number of widespread researchers. As a branch of PSO, a probabilistic PSO algorithm, which is quantum-behaved PSO (QPSO), was proposed on the quantum mechanics and trajectory analysis of PSO. QPSO shines for its simplicity, easy implementation, and fine search ability. QPSO has also gained many researchers on its improvements and has been shown to offer good performance in a variety of applications. This paper attempts to give a compendious and timely review on QPSO by categorizing the publications on the improvements and applications.
Deep brain stimulation lead-contact heating during 3T MRI: single- versus dual-channel pulse generator configurations (2013)

DBS hardware configuration using bilateral single-channel versus unilateral dual-channel IPGs significantly affects DBS lead-contact heating during 3T MRI brain scanning.
Pathogenicity of Motile and Non-motile Edwardsiella tarda to Some Marine Fish (2005)

We examined the pathogenicity of typical (motile) and atypical (non-motile) Edwardsiella tarda against three marine fish species : yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and red sea bream Pagrus major. Through intraperitneal injection, all provided strains (five typical and two atypical strains) showed pathogenicity to yellowtail and Japanese flounder, while only the atypical strains showed pathogenicity to red sea bream. In immersion challenges using each one selected strain, Japanese flounder was killed only by the typical E. tarda, while red sea bream was killed only by the atypical E. tarda. The results show the apparent difference in the pathogenicity between typical and atypical E. tarda.
A Simple Two-stage Equalizer With Simplified Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation Over Rapidly Time-varying Channels (2017)

In this work, we derive a equivalent delay-Doppler channel matrix of the Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation that has not been studied in previous literature. It has the similar structure as the banded channel matrix of OFDM systems over rapidly time-varying channels. However, the band in the equivalent channel matrix will no longer spread with the increase of the Doppler spread once the length of maximum channel delay spread and the OTFS frame duration are deter- mined. Furthermore, the equivalent channel matrix can simplify the OTFS modulation in the transmitter side. Incorporating the equivalent channel matrix, we propose a simple two-stage equal- izer in 1 dimensional operations for OTFS modulation. First, the receive signal is equalized using the conventional OFDM single- tap equalizer in the frequency domain. The multipath effects can be removed. In the second stage, another low complexity delay- Doppler domain equalizer is employed to eliminate the effects of the residual interference caused by the Doppler spread with the equivalent channel matrix. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the conventional single- tap equalizer and full minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer of OFDM systems in terms of BER in high Doppler spread scenarios.
Copycat Pi (Data Acquistion Tools) (2018)

Copycat Pi is a modified raspberry pi that will be turn into a data acquisition tools. The function of the Copycat Pi is to copy all the data from source drive to the targeted drive. The method that will be involved when copying the data is logical acquisition method. For this project, the type of the file be copied is disk to disk. The copied also will be verified with md5 hashing to ensure the integrity of the disk. Evidence data from the crime scene is vulnerable to the modification or being delete if the forensic team did not act fast enough.
Pulsatile Portal Vein Insulin Delivery Enhances Hepatic Insulin Action and Signaling (2012)

Insulin is secreted as discrete insulin secretory bursts at ~5-min intervals into the hepatic portal vein, these pulses being attenuated early in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intraportal insulin infusions (pulsatile, constant, or reproducing that in T2DM) indicated that the pattern of pulsatile insulin secretion delivered via the portal vein is important for hepatic insulin action and, therefore, presumably for hepatic insulin signaling. To test this, we examined hepatic insulin signaling in rat livers exposed to the same three patterns of portal vein insulin delivery by use of sequential liver biopsies in anesthetized rats. Intraportal delivery of insulin in a constant versus pulsatile pattern led to delayed and impaired activation of hepatic insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 signaling, impaired activation of downstream insulin signaling effector molecules AKT and Foxo1, and decreased expression of glucokinase (Gck). We further established that hepatic Gck expression is decreased in the HIP rat model of T2DM, a defect that correlated with a progressive defect of pulsatile insulin secretion. We conclude that the physiological pulsatile pattern of insulin delivery is important in hepatic insulin signaling and glycemic control. Hepatic insulin resistance in diabetes is likely in part due to impaired pulsatile insulin secretion.
Epidemiology and risk factors for invasive candidiasis (2014)

The number of immunosuppressive patients has increased significantly in recent years. These patients are at risk for opportunistic infections, especially fungal infections. Candidiasis is one of the most frequent fungal infections determined in these immunosuppressive patients and its epidemiology has changed over the last two decades. Recently, new antifungal agents and new therapy strategies such as antifungal prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis, and preemptive therapy have come into use. These changes resulted in the alteration of Candida species causing invasive infections. The incidence of Candida albicans was decreased in many countries, especially among patients with immunosuppressive disorders, while the incidence of species other than C. albicans was increased. In this review, incidence, risk factors, and species distribution of invasive candidiasis are discussed.