gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in Staphylococcus aureus coagulase genes: potential and limits for use as epidemiological marker (1994)

To perform coagulase gene typing, the repeated units encoding hypervariable regions of the Staphylococcus aureus coagulase gene were amplified by the PCR technique; this was followed by AluI restriction enzyme digestion and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns. In order to assess the discriminatory power of this typing method, 30 epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus strains which differed by their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were examined. Although 18 of the 30 strains had unique and unshared AluI RFLP patterns, there were only four observed patterns in the remaining 12 strains. This finding indicated that unrelated strains may share identical AluI RFLP patterns. To elucidate the degree of genetic variation in the C-terminus-encoding loci within the coagulase genes, the PCR products of these 12 strains were subjected to Taq polymerase-mediated sequencing. Sequence analysis confirmed the AluI recognition sites in each of the four RFLP groups and demonstrated that AluI appears to yield the highest RFLP in restriction enzyme analysis. By their DNA sequences the majority of strains sharing common AluI groups could be clearly differentiated from each other and revealed between 93.2 and 98.5% homology. When we determined the nucleotide sequences of two strains after six subcultivations no significant alterations were observed. Because the discriminatory power of the current coagulase gene typing method is not great enough to be used as the sole method to type S. aureus, additional techniques are necessary. Sequence analysis of the repeated unit-encoding region for the typing of S. aureus may be potentially useful as an alternative to other current molecular typing techniques.
TOR-centric view on insulin resistance and diabetic complications: perspective for endocrinologists and gerontologists (2013)

This article is addressed to endocrinologists treating patients with diabetic complications as well as to basic scientists studying an elusive link between diseases and aging. It answers some challenging questions. What is the link between insulin resistance (IR), cellular aging and diseases? Why complications such as retinopathy may paradoxically precede the onset of type II diabetes. Why intensive insulin therapy may initially worsen retinopathy. How nutrient- and insulin-sensing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway can drive insulin resistance and diabetic complications. And how rapamycin, at rational doses and schedules, may prevent IR, retinopathy, nephropathy and beta-cell failure, without causing side effects.
High Frequency–Induced Upregulation of Human Cardiac Calcium Currents (1996)

Upregulation of Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by high rates of beating may be involved in the frequency-dependent regulation of contractility (Bowditch "staircase") of the human heart. This process, which is highly sensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation, may be crucial in adaptation to exercise and stress.
A 0.6-V Low-Power Variable-Gain LNA in 0.18-$\mu$ m CMOS Technology (2019)

A 0.6-V low-power variable-gain low-noise amplifier by using 0.18-μm CMOS process has been proposed. By using a tunable negative-feedback capacitor technology, variable gain can be achieved. Moreover, forward body biasing, input feedback capacitor, current-reuse and multiple-gate topologies are utilized for realizing low power consumption, small chip area, and high linearity. The measured results show the power gain and input third-order intercept point ranges from 4 dB to 10 dB and 0 dBm, respectively at 2.8 GHz. The power consumption is 0.6 mW.
A work-efficient algorithm for parallel unordered depth-first search (2015)

Advances in processing power and memory technology have made multicore computers an important platform for high-performance graph-search (or graph-traversal) algorithms. Since the introduction of multicore, much progress has been made to improve parallel breadth-first search. However, less attention has been given to algorithms for unordered or loosely ordered traversals.
Low-cost on-line fault detection using control flow assertions (2004)

A control flow fault occurs when a processor fetches and executes an incorrect next instruction. Executable assertions, i.e., special instructions that check some invariant properties of a program, provide a powerful and low-cost method for on-line detection of hardware-induced control flow faults. We propose a technique called ACFC (Assertions for Control Flow Checking) that assigns an execution parity to a basic block, and uses the parity bit to detect faults. Using a graph model of a program, we classify control flow faults into skip, re-execute and multi-path faults. We derive some necessary conditions for these faults to manifest themselves as execution parity errors. To force a control flow fault to excite a parity error, the target program is instrumented with additional instructions. Special assertions are inserted to detect such parity errors. We have a developed a preprocessor that takes a C program as input and inserts ACFC assertions automatically. We have implemented a software-based fault injection tool SFIG which takes advantage of the GNU debugger. Fault injection experiments show that ACFC incurs less performance overhead (around 47%) and memory overhead (around 30%) than previous techniques, with no significant loss in fault coverage.
Mathematical modeling of drug release profiles for modified hydrophobic HPMC based gels. (2012)

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is now available in modified hydrophobic forms (Sangelose). In this paper, the effect of viscosity grade and HPMC concentration on in vitro release kinetics of a topically applied drug were studied using gel formulations of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac potassium (DP), with different viscosity grades of the polymer (60L, 60 M, 90 M for hydrophobic HPMC and 50 cPs for conventional hydrophilic HPMC) in different proportions. It was found that hydrophobic HPMC-based gels having a higher viscosity and lower polymer concentration release a notably higher amount of drug compared with hydrophilic HPMC-based gels containing a higher concentration of polymer but with lower viscosity. For gels, the suitability of different common empirical (zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi), and semi-empirical (Ritger-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin) models, and some new statistical (logistic, log-logistic, Weibull, Gumbel, and generalized extreme value distribution) models to describe the drug release profile were tested through non-linear least-square curve fitting. A general purpose mathematical analysis tool MATLAB was used. Further, instead of the widely used transformed linear fit method, direct fitting was used in the paper to avoid any form of truncation and transformation errors. The results revealed that the log-logistic distribution, amongst all the models investigated, was the best fit for hydrophobic formulations. For hydrophilic ones, the semi-empirical models and Weibull distribution worked best, although log-logistic also showed a close fit. The shape parameter for the log-logistic and Weibull distribution conveys vital information about the rate of release and helps improve understanding of drug release profiles.
Fully digital data processing during cardiovascular implantable electronic device follow-up in a high-volume tertiary center (2017)

FDDP software was successfully implemented into the ambulatory follow-up of patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators. Digital data import into electronic patient management software was feasible and supported the physician's workflow. The total duration of follow-up visits comprising technical device interrogation and clinical actions was not affected in the present tertiary center outpatient cohort.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Antagonism of Sumoylation Derepresses Progesterone Receptor Action in Breast Cancer Cells (2007)

Progesterone receptors (PRs) mediate proliferation during breast development and contribute to breast cancer progression, in part by synergizing with peptide growth factors. We have previously identified PR Ser294 as a key site for direct regulation of PR location, activity, and turnover in response to phosphorylation events. Herein, we sought to better understand how hormonal cross talk alters PR function. We demonstrate that progestins (R5020 and RU486) induce rapid (15 min) sumoylation of PR Lys388; sumoylation represses PR transcriptional activity on selected progesterone response element-driven and endogenous promoters and retards ligand-induced PR down-regulation. Consistent with this finding, we show that stabilized but weakly active phospho-mutant S294A PRs are heavily sumoylated. Conversely, desumoylated PR, created by mutation of PR Lys388 (K388R) or by overexpression of sentrin (SUMO)-specific protease desumoylating enzymes, are hypersensitive to low progestin concentrations. Combination of K388R and S294A mutations (KRSA double-mutant PR) rescues both transcription and turnover of impaired phospho-mutant (S294A) receptors. Notably, phosphorylation events antagonize PR-B but not PR-A sumoylation. Treatment of cells with epidermal growth factor or transient expression of activated mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinase or cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 induces PR-B Ser294 phosphorylation and blocks PR-B sumoylation, thereby derepressing receptor activity; PR-A is resistant to these events. Modulation of reversible PR sumoylation in response to diverse hormonal signals provides a mechanism for rapid isoform-specific changes in hormone responsiveness. In the context of elevated protein kinase activities, such as during mammary gland development or breast cancer progression, phosphorylated PR-B may be undersumoylated, transcriptionally hyperactive, and unstable/undetectable.
Targeting CD138−/CD20+ Clonogenic Myeloma Precursor Cells Decreases These Cells and Induces Transferable Antimyeloma Immunity (2016)

This phase Ib clinical trial evaluated whether pretargeting of CD20(+) clonogenic myeloma precursor cells (CMPCs) with anti-CD3 × anti-CD20 bispecific antibody-armed T cells (BATs) before autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with standard-risk and high-risk multiple myeloma would induce antimyeloma immunity that could be detected and boosted after SCT. All 12 patients enrolled in this study received 2 BATs infusions before SCT, and 4 patients received a booster infusion of BATs after SCT. Pretargeting CD138(-)/CD20(+) CMPCs with BATs before SCT was safe and reduced levels of CMPCs by up to 58% in the postinfusion bone marrow in patients who remained in remission. Four of 5 patients who remained in remission had a >5-fold increase in IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses. SOX2 antibody increased after BATs infusions and persisted after SCT. The median anti-SOX2 level at 3 months after SCT was 28.1 ng/mL (range, 4.6 to 256 ng/mL) in patients who relapsed and 46 ng/mL (range, 28.3 to 73.3 ng/mL) in patients who remained in remission. The immune correlates suggest that infusions of targeted T cells given before SCT were able to reduce CMPC levels and induced cellular and humoral antimyeloma immunity that could be transferred and boosted after SCT.
Scattering spherical voids in nanocrystalline TiO2? enhancement of efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (2005)

Spherical voids as light scattering centers in nanocrystalline TiO2 films were realized with polystyrene particles of diameter 400 nm, thus enhancing the photovoltaic performance by 25% on large areas, as well as providing an indication that these films can be used with electrolytes of higher viscosity.
The effect of training at different temperatures on the gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in the brown adipose tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (2021)

Background and Objective: Diabetes is one of the health problems in all societies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of training at different temperatures on the gene expression of GLUT_4 and insulin receptor in the brown adipose tissue of diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 21 diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 animals, including: (1) control (C), (2) swimming training at 5° C (S5ºC), and (3) swimming training at 36° C (S36ºC). Water swimming training was performed at 5±2° C and 36±2° C for six weeks, 5 sessions per week and 2-4 minutes per session. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in the S5º C and S36º C groups was significantly (P = 0.0001) higher than the control group. Also, the gene expression of GLUT4 in the S36º C group was higher than the S5º C group (p = 0.001), and the expression of insulin receptor in the S5º C group was significantly (p = 0.001) higher than the S36º C group. Conclusion: Swimming training at 5º C and 36º C significantly increased the gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in the brown adipose tissue of diabetic rats.
The Mixed Gold–Palladium Polyoxo‐Noble‐Metalate [NaAu<sup>III</sup><sub>4</sub>Pd<sup>II</sup><sub>8</sub>O<sub>8</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>11−</sup> (2014)

The first fully inorganic, discrete gold-palladium-oxo complex [NaAu(III) 4 Pd(II) 8 O8 (AsO4 )8 ](11-) has been synthesized in aqueous medium. The combination of single-crystal XRD, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and DFT calculations allowed establishing the structure and composition of the novel polyanion, and UV/Vis studies suggest that it is stable in neutral aqueous media.
Micro-rotational electromagnetic generator for high speed applications (2012)

This paper presents the development of a micro-rotational electromagnetic generator for high speed applications. The generator followed an axial flux permanent magnet design. It was constructed with a rotor composed of multiple permanent magnet poles and a stator made of stacking micro-fabricated planar coils (25 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, not considering the casing). The rotor is composed of commercially available NdFeB permanent magnets (6 × 2 × 1 mm) while the rotor is made of 10 individual copper-clad polyimide layers (18 μm thick copper, 25 μm thick polyimide). The planar micro-coils were manufactured by photolithography with 100 μm line width copper tracks. The rotor was assembled by placing the permanent magnets in a CNC-machined slotted disk. The generator was capable of producing 3.2V and 5.8 mW of power at a rotational speed of 4,000 rpm.
Chapter 12 Ratio Imaging: Practical Considerations for Measuring Intracellular Calcium and pH in Living Tissue (1998)

For the maintenance of steady state there must be mechanisms in place in the cell to ensure the appropriate balance between the intracellular and extracellular milieu. The study of intracellular ion concentrations in the steady-state and the role of various ions in regulating cellular processes was until recently limited to systems that could be impaled with a microelectrode. This chapter focuses on the measurement of two intracellular ions: (1) intracellular H+ (pHi) and (2) Ca2+(Cai), at the single-cell level with a relatively noninvasive technique, quantitative ratio imaging. The development and availability of Cai- and pHi-specific fluorescent probes coupled to major advances in the technology and design of low-light level charge-coupled devices geared toward biological applications and improved microscope optics has made it possible to visualize a two-dimensional (2-D) fluorescence signal—that is related to the free concentration of Ca and pH inside a cell. This chapter describes the basis for using the dual excitation ratio-imaging technique. The uncertainties associated with quantitating single-wavelength fluorescence imaging are apparent from the standard fluorescence equation as presented by Bright et al.
Computer simulation of image intensifier‐based computed tomography detector: Vascular application (1988)

This present study reports the results of a computer simulation whose aim was to predict the low-contrast imaging performance of which a conventional x-ray image intensifier with charge coupled device (CCD) camera would be capable if incorporated into a computed tomography (CT) volume imager. A vascular imaging task was modeled in our simulation. The effects of detector noise, x-ray exposure levels, analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) precision and residual levels of detected x-ray scatter were considered. The results of this simulation indicate that the low-contrast imaging performance of an image intensifier-based CT system was most limited by the CCD detector readout noise. Given this limitation the detection of greater than about 100,000 detected photons/pixel/projection gave marginal improvement in low-contrast resolution. At these exposures 12 bit ADC precision resulted in little additional image noise. The effects of detecting scattered x rays are twofold; decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio associated with our modeled artery and introducing a cupping artifact. Based on the results from the simulation, it appears that an image intensifier-based CT system is a feasible concept from a noise viewpoint, if the anticipated imaging task is intravenous angiography.
Transactivation of the multidrug resistance 1 gene by T-cell factor 4/beta-catenin complex in early colorectal carcinogenesis. (2000)

The mutational inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), results in the accumulation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin protein and the activation of T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional factors. A colorectal carcinoma cell line, DLD-1, was engineered to suppress transactivation by the TCF4/beta-catenin complex in a dominant-negative manner under the strict control of the tetracycline regulatory system. A large-scale comparison of the expression profiles, using two-color fluorescence hybridization of cDNA microarray, led to the identification of MDR1 as a target gene of the TCF4/beta-catenin complex. Luciferase reporter and gel retardation assays revealed the TCF4/beta-catenin responsive elements in the promoter of the human MDR1 gene. Corresponding to the accumulation of beta-catenin, expression of the MDR1 gene product was steadily up-regulated in adenomas and adenocarcinomas of 10 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. In combination with cell proliferative activities of c-myc and cyclin D1, MDR1 may initiate colorectal tumorigenesis by suppressing cell death pathways programmed in intestinal epithelial cells.
Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density (2021)

A correlation-energy formula due to Colle and Salvetti [Theor. Chim. Acta 3'7, 329 (1975)], in which the correlation energy density is expressed in terms of the electron density and a Laplacian of the second-order Hartree-Fock density matrix, is restated as a formula involving the density and local kinetic-energy density. On insertion of gradient expansions for the local kinetic-energy density, density-functional formulas for the correlation energy and correlation potential are then obtained. Through numerical calculations on a number of atoms, positive ions, and molecules, of both open- and closed-shell type, it is demonstrated that these formulas, like the original Colle-Salvetti formulas, give correlation energies within a few percent.
Peer to Peer Insurance over Blockchain (2017)

General Insurance occupies a strong position in today's market. It has a centralized way of operation, which makes it inefficient, less transparent, with trust problems and creates conflicts of interest between insurance companies and policyholders. Furthermore, it's an industry with relative difficulty in innovation, which contrasts with today's services powered by new technologies. New disruptive technologies have the capacity to compromise the value chain of traditional insurance, creating a big problem in its stability and future. Associated to this new kind of technologies, comes a new way of thinking perpetuated by the new generations based on the new trend of sharing economy. They give priority to new technology based services, which are decentralized, more convenient, more price competitive, transparent, and efficient and they prefer services which put the user more in control instead of the current less personalized options. New business models such as Social Insurance, are being developed and powered by new technologies and this new way of thinking. Social Insurance enables people in need of insurance to connect and pool their money and risks. It offers coverage that is cheaper, more transparent, and more relevant to the customer. Members of this type of insurance are both policyholders and underwriters. All these factors compromise the future of traditional insurance companies and their business model. The main goal is to create a new business model in order to adapt insurance companies to the new trend of shared economy. This new business model is going to be focused on health insurance, based in peer to peer communication and is going to be backed up by a business case and a prototype powered by a blockchain database. Blockchain is a decentralized transaction ledger shared amongst all nodes participating in the system. Every node has an updated copy of the database and cannot update it without the consensus of the network, removing the need for having a central authority or trusted third party to monitor the system. Each Blockchain implementation may have its own consensus mechanism (e.g. Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake) to ensure that one node on its own cannot change the database without being validated by the network. Bitcoin is the world's most well-known Blockchain implementation, a public ledger for all transactions made in with a digital currency. However, Blockchain technology can be applied to multiple use cases and industries using Smart Contracts (a collection of code that runs on the network) to define the rules of the business. It fits the purpose for this business model, because it has peer to peer communication by default and has no central authority, making the service more efficient and transparent.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution: from idea towards application (2015)

We assess the overall performance of our quantum key distribution (QKD) system implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol using components with varying capabilities such as different single-photon detectors and qubit preparation hardware. We experimentally show that superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors allow QKD over a channel featuring 60 dB loss, and QKD with more than 600 bits of secret key per second (not considering finite key effects) over a 16 dB loss channel. This corresponds to 300 and 80 km of standard telecommunication fiber, respectively. We also demonstrate that the integration of our QKD system into FPGA-based hardware (instead of state-of-the-art arbitrary waveform generators) does not impact on its performance. Our investigation allows us to acquire an improved understanding of the trade-offs between complexity, cost and system performance, which is required for future customization of MDI-QKD. Given that our system can be operated outside the laboratory over deployed fiber, we conclude that MDI-QKD is a promising approach to information-theoretic secure key distribution.