gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Colorants: Food Colorants from Natural Sources (2017)

The color of food is often associated with the flavor, safety, and nutritional value of the product. Synthetic food colorants have been used because of their high stability and low cost. However, consumer perception and demand have driven the replacement of synthetic colorants with naturally derived alternatives. Natural pigment applications can be limited by lower stability, weaker tinctorial strength, interactions with food ingredients, and inability to match desired hues. Therefore, no single naturally derived colorant can serve as a universal alternative for a specified synthetic colorant in all applications. This review summarizes major environmental and biological sources for natural colorants as well as nature-identical counterparts. Chemical characteristics of prevalent pigments, including anthocyanins, carotenoids, betalains, and chlorophylls, are described. The possible applications and hues (warm, cool, and achromatic) of currently used natural pigments, such as anthocyanins as red and blue colorants, and possible future alternatives, such as purple violacein and red pyranoanthocyanins, are also discussed.
A Reconfigurable Architecture for Continuous Double-Sided Swept-Laser Linearization (2020)

This paper reports a reconfigurable architecture to generate and maintain the linearity of frequency-swept semiconductor lasers for both current rising (up-sweep) and falling (down-sweep) edges, respectively. This method combines both passive and active controls to achieve a high frequency-sweep linearity using an integrated digital architecture. Both the passive and active control utilize the same feedback-the interferometric signal of the laser's output-which has a frequency proportional to laser frequency-sweep velocity. This architecture is highly reconfigurable, allowing key parameters to be changed, including sweep velocity, tuning range, and sweep duration, making it a highly versatile and flexible approach suitable for a range of semiconductor lasers and a variety of applications. This architecture was implemented on an FPGA to validate the concept and evaluate its performance. By precisely tracking the interferometric feedback signal, it was found that this approach allowed a semiconductor laser to generate and maintain a phase error of less than π/2 within the regions of interest at different sweep velocities for both up-sweep and down-sweep cycles. Given that the delay length of the interferometer is 226 ns, the instantaneous optical frequency error is within 0.12% at 1552 nm.
Liver Stem Cells: A Potential Source of Hepatocytes for the Treatment of Human Liver Disease (2001)

Severe liver injury often leads to the proliferation of oval cells, which differentiate along hepatocytic and biliary lineages. Because oval cells proliferate only when hepatocyte replication is impaired, they are considered to be the progeny of facultative liver stem cells (FLSCs). Identification and isolation of FLSCs has been hampered by the lack of markers that delineate these bipotential progenitors. We hypothesized that transition ductal cells are FLSCs because they are located in a unique anatomical niche sharing tight junctions with a neighboring hepatocyte and another terminal ductular cell. Alternatively, it has been proposed recently that bone marrow-derived stem cells are FLSCs since these cells differentiate along the hepatic lineage following colonization of the liver. The intent of this review is to provide insight into the nature and origin of liver stem cells and to explore the possibility that stem cell technology may lead to the development of clinical modalities for the treatment of human liver disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Fe—ppm Pd Nanoparticle Catalysis of Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings in Water. (2016)

Abstract Commercially available ferric chloride derived from iron which naturally contains ppm levels of palladium is in situ converted to nanoparticles in the presence of methylmagnesium chloride.
A dielectric based waveguide integrated in a multilayer PCB for ultra high speed communications (2016)

This paper presents an electromagnetic dielectric wave guiding methodology for ultra-high speed signaling in a multilayer PCB environment. Two dielectric materials, one of which has a higher dielectric constant than the other, are embedded between the two ground planes of an internal PCB layer to enable wave propagation. Different transmission properties can be achieved by varying the dimensions or material properties of the dielectric waveguide. PCB integrated dielectric waveguides can achieve wide operating frequencies in the millimeter wave region of the frequency spectrum thus showing potential to push high speed bus designs to faster data rates than is currently possible.
<title>Implementations Of Adaptive Associative Optical Computing Elements</title> (1986)

Parallel-processing architectures consisting of multiple optical adaptive associative modules, cascaded and interconnected in particular configurations, are being developed for applications requiring the manipulation of massive amounts of symbolic information. Specific optical implementations of the individual adaptive heteroassociative modules (elements) are presented and their operational theory and behavior are discussed. These modules adaptively learn and store a series of associations in the form of electronic charge distributions in an optical control device called a microchannel spatial light modulator.
A protamine filter for extracorporeal blood heparin removal. (1989)

Heparin employed in extracorporeal circuits often leads to hemorrhagic complications. Protamine employed for heparin neutralization can cause adverse hemodynamic responses. To control both types of complications, the authors propose an approach that consists of placing a filter device containing immobilized protamine (defined as a protamine filter) at the termination of the extracorporeal blood circulation (ECBC) procedure. This protamine filter would remove heparin from the extracorporeal circuit before heparin is returned to the patient. Meanwhile, the filter would also permit external protamine treatment. Since protamine toxicity generally results from the interaction of protamine with certain cells present in the liver, lungs, and tissues, the use of external protamine would minimize its potential adverse effects. Protamine was immobilized on a hollow fiber bundle obtained from a conventional hemodialyzer. Preliminary studies show that the protamine bound bundle is capable of neutralizing the anticoagulant activity of heparin both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the protamine filter has abolished the hypotensive response normally associated with protamine reversal of heparin, as indicated by the insignificant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, pulmonary artery systolic/diastolic pressures, and cardiac output. Further in vivo studies involving the use of dogs, as well as investigation of the activation of the complement system by the protamine filter, are currently being conducted.
Catalysts for Production of Lower Olefins from Synthesis Gas: A Review (2013)

C2 to C4 olefins are traditionally produced from steam cracking of naphtha. The necessity for alternative production routes for these major commodity chemicals via non-oil-based processes has driven research in past times during the oil crises. Currently, there is a renewed interest in producing lower olefins from alternative feedstocks such as coal, natural gas, or biomass, in view of high oil prices, environmental regulations, and strategies to gain independence from oil imports. This review describes the major routes for the production of lower olefins from synthesis gas with an emphasis on a direct or single step process, the so-called FTO or Fischer–Tropsch to olefins process. The different catalysts for FTO are outlined and compared, and the key issues and requirements for future developments are highlighted. Iron-based catalysts are prevailing for FTO, and reproducible lower olefin selectivities of 50 wt % of hydrocarbons produced have been realized at CO conversions higher than 70% for 60 to 1000 h on stream. Remarkably the high selectivity to lower olefins has been achieved over a broad range of process conditions (P, T, H2/CO ratio, GHSV). A major challenge for further development and application of FTO catalysts is the suppression of carbon lay-down to enhance catalyst lifetime and to preserve their physical integrity under demanding reaction conditions.
Improving Review of Clustered-Code Analysis Warnings (2014)

While software verification using static analysis tools has proved its significance in early defect detection, the tools often fail to analyze many real world systems. Clustering, breaking a system into multiple clusters, is commonly used technique to scale these tools to large systems. Due to the imprecise nature of static analysis and the conservative approach taken for the inter-cluster communication (data sharing), a large number of analysis warnings are generated. All these reported warnings need to be reviewed manually to check if they represent a defect, and it is a time consuming process. We observe many of the reported warnings are common to multiple clusters and reviewing each of them individually incurs redundancy. We present an approach to improve the manual review process by eliminating the redundancy. This is achieved by grouping the inter-cluster common warnings such that review of a grouped warning under given constraint guarantees same review judgment for the other cluster warnings in the same group. Empirical results obtained with the presented approach indicate that -- a) on an average, 45% of total warnings are common to multiple clusters, and b) with the proposed grouping technique, the manual efforts required to review these common warnings are reduced by 60%.
Artificial neural networks for aerobic fitness approximation (2002)

A unique method for approximating aerobic fitness from demographic and heart rate variables using an artificial neural network (ANN) approximation is proposed. Conventional oxygen uptake measurement methods are expensive and require special clinical instruments. The present method is based on a structure of two ANNs connected in a serial fashion. The first ANN structure is called a preclassifier. It has inputs of physiological features and fuzzy features identified in the material used. The latter ANN structure is a primary approximator, which has an input of the preclassifier result and certain statistical features calculated from the heart rate recordings.
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010): A Potent, Selective 5-HT<sub>4</sub> Receptor Partial Agonist for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

A series of oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptor (5-HT<sub>4</sub>R) partial agonists for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease. Starting from a reported 5-HT<sub>4</sub>R antagonist, a systematic structure-activity relationship was conducted, which led to the discovery of potent and selective 5-HT<sub>4</sub>R partial agonist 1-isopropyl-3-{5-[1-(3-methoxypropyl) piperidin-4-yl]-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl}-1H-indazole oxalate (Usmarapride, <b>12l</b>). It showed balanced physicochemical-pharmacokinetic properties with robust nonclinical efficacy in cognition models. It also showed disease-modifying potential, as it increased neuroprotective soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha levels, and dose-dependent target engagement and correlation of efficacy with oral exposures. Phase 1 clinical studies have been completed and projected efficacious concentration was achieved without any major safety concerns. Phase 2 enabling long-term safety studies have been completed with no concerns for further development.
Capacitance-Based Monitoring of a Three-Phase Crude-Oil Flow (2019)

A simple solution is presented for identifying the phase fraction and flow rate of a petroleum carrying pipeline with three-phase stratified smooth and wavy flow. The proposed method mounts a set of semicylindrical electrodes on the internal surface of the Plexiglas pipe to monitor the total capacitance and resistance of the three-phase contents. The phase fractions are determined by relating these electrical properties with the phase angles associated with the interface between water, oil, and gas phases of the mixture. To calculate the flow rate, measured capacitances from two sets of electrodes with known separation distance are cross-correlated to determine time delay. Calculated and measured results demonstrated close agreement. The percentage error exhibited by the proposed inclined capacitive plate technique is calculated and compared with published values.
P‐155: High Performance Contrast Enhancing Films for VAN‐Mode LCoS Panels (2005)

Abstract Vertically aligned nematic mode liquid crystal on silicon micro displays exhibit a residual birefringence in the dark or off‐state. This retardance has to be compensated in order to achieve high contrast projection systems. A birefringent film compensator with individually controllable on‐ and off‐axis retardance and high uniformity is presented. Sequential contrast of 4500:1 has been demonstrated in a wire grid polarizer based light engine for a rear projection television.
A Predictive Model of Progression for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Based on 3D Spine Parameters at First Visit (2019)

3.
Velocity control of a cylindrical rolling robot by shape changing (2016)

A rolling robot is developed that possesses an elliptically shaped outer surface with the ability to change shape as it rolls, resulting in a gravity-powered torque imbalance that accelerates or brakes the robot’s motion. Angular position and velocity are measured onboard and used as feedback control to trigger and define shape change actuation. Goal of the control is to direct the robot to follow a given step angular velocity profile. An equation of motion for the rolling robot is derived and solved numerically, and simulations are compared to velocity data from roll trials of the actual robot. Results show that when the robot is given a set of advantageous initial conditions, it is able to accelerate from rest, maintain constant average velocity, and brake its motion in order to follow a desired velocity profile with significant accuracy.
Whole knee joint T<sub>1</sub> values measured in vivo at 3T by combined 3D ultrashort echo time cones actual flip angle and variable flip angle methods (2018)

The 3D UTE-Cones AFI-VFA method allows volumetric T<sub>1</sub> measurement of the major tissues in whole knee joints on a clinical 3T scanner.
Process for Converting Hydrogen Chloride to Chlorine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcess for Converting Hydrogen Chloride to ChlorineH. Y. Pan, R. G. Minet, S. W. Benson, and T. T. TsotsisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 12, 2996–3003Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00036a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1538Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of planar superconducting-normal-superconducting Josephson microbridges and SQUID’s using shadow evaporations (1981)

The technique of ’’shadow evaporation’’ has been used to fabricate superconducting-normal-superconducting Josephson microbridges and SQUID’s with bridge widths of about 0.2 μm and lengths of 0.1 μm or less. The devices consist of vanadium banks and gold bridges and have static current-voltage characteristics that are consistent with the resistively shunted junction model down to at least 0.4 TC. Refined versions of this technique may be useful for batch fabrication of single and multibridge Josephson devices.
High-brightness 1064-nm grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (2006)

Photodigm is developing high brightness grating outcoupled surface emitting (GSE) semiconductor lasers with continuous-wave (CW) output power exceeding 1 W at 1064-nm wavelength. The GSE lasers have full-width at halfmaximum (FWHM) spectral bandwidth of less than 0.2 nm and a beam divergence of 1° x 3.4° (FWHM).
High power density energy harvester with high permeability magnetic material embedded in a rotating wheel (2012)

This work presents an alternative design of a rotating energy harvester, which possesses the capability of powering electronic sensors and wireless sensor networks within vehicle. This energy harvester design is based on magnetostatic coupling between a stationary circular-arc hard magnet array and rotating magnetic solenoids, which consists of a unique core with high permeability (μr>10,000) to significantly increase the output power density. A prototype of this rotating energy harvesting system has been fabricated and demonstrated on a rotating wheel at speeds from 10 to 60 miles/hour (mph). Test of the prototype equipped with energy storage circuit and wireless transmission board on actual vehicle has been carried out. Results of different rotating frequencies show average power densities from 1 to 5 W/cm3. A numerical and experimental study of powering a real-time wireless tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) reveals that the energy harvester design generates constant and steady power sufficient for continuous operation of the TPMS.
Nonlinear optical absorption and temporal response of arsenic- and oxygen-implanted GaAs (1999)

We have measured the nonlinear optical absorption of arsenic and oxygen implanted epitaxial GaAs for a range of ion doses and annealing temperatures. The response time, τA, and a parameter, Mmax, which characterizes the performance of the structures as modulators, are both reduced by implantation, and correspondingly the nonbleachable losses are increased. We show that similar combinations of (τA, Mmax) can be achieved using either ion species and various combinations of dose and annealing temperatures. Furthermore, the data were all located on a well-defined curve in the (τA, Mmax) plane, provided amorphization, which occurs at high implant doses, was avoided. We deduce that there exists a limit to the modulation if a specific response time is required.
Efficient cytoplasmic delivery of a fluorescent dye by pH-sensitive immunoliposomes. (1985)

We previously showed that liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine and palmitoyl-homocysteine (8:2) are highly fusion competent when exposed to an acidic environment of pH less than 6.5. (Connor, J., M. B. Yatvin, and L. Huang, 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1715-1718). Palmitoyl anti-H2Kk was incorporated into these pH-sensitive liposomes by a modified reserve-phase evaporation method. Mouse L929 cells (k haplotype) treated with immunoliposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/palmitoyl-homocysteine (8:2) with an entrapped fluorescent dye, calcein, showed diffused fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm. Measurements by use of a microscope-associated photometer gave an approximate value of 50 microM for the cytoplasmic calcein concentration. This concentration represents an efficient delivery of the aqueous content of the immunoliposome. Cells treated with immunoliposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (pH-insensitive liposomes) showed only punctate fluorescence. The cytoplasmic delivery of calcein by the pH-sensitive immunoliposomes could be inhibited by chloroquine or by incubation at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that the efficient cytoplasmic delivery involves the endocytic pathway, particularly the acidic organelles such as the endosomes and/or lysosomes. One possibility is that the immunoliposomes fuse with the endosome membranes from within the endosomes, thus releasing the contents into the cytoplasm. This nontoxic method should be widely applicable to the intracellular delivery of biomolecules into living cells.
A Rapid Means of Separating A14-125I-Insulin from Heterogeneously Labeled Insulin Molecules for Biologic Studies (1982)

We have used two methods for the preparation of a highly homogeneous insulin with high specific activity. After iodination with chloramine T, the labeled peptides were retained on a disposable Sep Pak cartridge and subsequently eluted. The eluted labeled insulins were further purified by either DEAE cellulose or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate A14-125I- from A19-125I-insulin. Both methods of chromatography were effective, but HPLC offered the advantage of better resolution in less time and higher yields of A14-125I-insulin, which is suitable for biologic studies in various target tissues.
Acoustic bubble removal method (1984)

A method is described for removing bubbles from a liquid bath such as a bath of molten glass to be used for optical elements. Larger bubbles are first removed by applying acoustic energy resonant to a bath dimension to drive the larger bubbles toward a pressure well where the bubbles can coalesce and then be more easily removed. Thereafter, submillimeter bubbles are removed by applying acoustic energy of frequencies resonant to the small bubbles to oscillate them and thereby stir liquid immediately about the bubbles to facilitate their breakup and absorption into the liquid.
A Strong and Practical Authentication Mechanism Using PassText and OTP (2018)

Nowadays, especially with technology's fast development and the constant increase of the computational power, password authentication mechanism is not enough anymore to provide complete protection which makes securing data a harder task every day. This paper aims to implement a strong authentication mechanism with a practical reauthentication technique that answers the research question “how to increase the security of the authentication mechanism without sacrificing convenience?”. The proposed solution is a combination of a text file that the user has to modify, “PassText”, and a one-time password “OTP”. This paper is based on achieving four main solution requirements: convenience, security, cost, and speed. Our proposed solution breaks the rules of security-convenience tradeoff by providing an intelligent authentication combination that provides security and convenience at the same time.