gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Localized Defects / Sources in a Periodic Lattice Using Green's Function of Periodic Scatterers (2018)

A novel method is developed to efficiently analyze the effects of localized defects and excitation sources in a periodic array of scatterers such as photonic crystals and metamaterials. The Green's function of the periodic scatterers and the free space Green's function are used to formulate a set of coupled surface integral equations (SIEs) over one or multiple enclosed surfaces surrounding the localized defects and / or excitation sources. The defects can be the removal, deformation, displacement, or distortion in material properties of a scatterer in localized cells. The Green's function of the periodic scatterers represent the field response due to a point source inside the array of the periodic scatterers. The periodic scatterer Green's function is only required to be calculated once to solve any form of defects and/or sources in the localized region of interest. The Green's function of the periodic scatterers can be also represented using few band solutions of the periodic lattice by using the newly developed BroadBand Green's Function with Low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) technique. This renders the approach applicable to efficient broadband simulations of localized defects / sources analysis and designs.
Adaptation of Statistical Machine Translation Model for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval in a Service Context (2012)

This work proposes to adapt an existing general SMT model for the task of translat-ing queries that are subsequently going to be used to retrieve information from a tar-get language collection. In the scenario that we focus on access to the document collec-tion itself is not available and changes to the IR model are not possible. We propose two ways to achieve the adaptation effect and both of them are aimed at tuning pa-rameter weights on a set of parallel queries. The first approach is via a standard tuning procedure optimizing for BLEU score and the second one is via a reranking approach optimizing for MAP score. We also extend the second approach by using syntax-based features. Our experiments show improve-ments of 1-2.5 in terms of MAP score over the retrieval with the non-adapted transla-tion. We show that these improvements are due both to the integration of the adapta-tion and syntax-features for the query trans-lation task. 1
Rapid D-dimer testing and pre-test clinical probability in the exclusion of deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients (2001)

We assessed the performance of three rapid D-dimer tests (Auto Dimertest, VIDAS and Tinaquant) in combination with a pretest clinical probability model for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in 106 consecutive outpatients with suspected DVT. Contrast venography or colour-coded duplex ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of DVT in 47 patients (14 distal DVT and 33 proximal DVT). First, we assessed the accuracy indices for different cut-off levels of the rapid D-dimer tests. Sensitivity was found to be 97.9-100%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.3-100%, and the exclusion rate was 24.5-31.1%. Next, the patients were grouped according to the pre-test clinical probability model in categories with low, moderate or high probability. In patients with a low pre-test probability, DVT would have been directly ruled out and the patients would not have undergone further investigations. In patients with a moderate probability, D-dimer testing and, in the case of a positive result, objective testing would have been performed and, in the case of a negative result, they would have been ruled out of having DVT. Patients with high probability would directly have undergone objective tests for DVT. The combination with the pre-test clinical probability model improved the exclusion rate (43.5-44.6%), whereas sensitivity (97.5-100%) and NPV (97.6-100%) remained roughly unchanged. The combination of rapid D-dimer tests with a pre-test clinical probability model may help to reduce unnecessary work-up in patients with suspected DVT.
A software GPS receiver for weak signals (2002)

The paper reports the approach and results of a stand alone software Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The receiver is specially designed to receive weak signals without aids from other information sources. The approaches for the acquisition, first navigation phase detection, and tracking are discussed. The different kinds of thresholds with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are developed. Under the best operating condition a signal can be 15 dB below the normal noise level and still be processed.
Numerical modeling of charge sharing in CdZnTe pixel detectors (2002)

In this paper, we describe charge collection in CdZnTe pixel detectors, with emphasis on events split between multiple pixels (charge-sharing events). We describe the design of the CdZnTe pixel sensors, being developed for the balloon-borne High-Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT), and discuss investigations of charge sharing between pixels. We have developed a numerical model that emulates the physical processes of charge transport within the CdZnTe crystal. We discuss this numerical model in detail here. With this model, we are able to reproduce the general features of charge-sharing events. We have found that the amount of charge loss is very sensitive to the surface /spl mu//spl tau/ (the product of charge mobility and trapping time), and we present estimates of (/spl mu//spl tau/) /sub surface/ derived from our model. Further work will focus on more detailed analysis of diffusion in order to gain a complete understanding of these charge-sharing events in CdZnTe pixel detectors.
Low-Complexity Localized Walsh Decoding For CDMA Systems (2006)

As software radio becomes increasingly popular for wireless infrastructure, intelligent signal processing algorithms are required to make the most efficient use of the computational cycles available on general-purpose processors. In particular, the design of CDMA receiver algorithms for software radio is challenging because signals must be processed at rates much higher than other wireless standards. While traditional hardware implementations of the CDMA standard IS-95 despread signals received at the base station prior to Walsh decoding, in this paper we take advantage of the flexibility afforded by software implementations and develop three classes of Walsh decoding algorithms that do not require full despreading of incoming signals at the base station. Two proposed classes of algorithms exploit the fact that Walsh codes are locally decodable codes, which have the surprising property that any bit of the message can be recovered (with some probability) by examining only a small number of symbols of the codeword. We also describe a third class of algorithms based on code puncturing. All these algorithms enable trading off computation for performance, and we use them to dynamically minimize the computational requirements of the despreader and subsequent Walsh decoder such that a target bit-error rate is maintained with changing channel conditions. These algorithms are applicable to other CDMA-based systems that use Walsh codes for orthogonal modulation, and the third class is also applicable to CDMA-based systems that use codes for channelization, including lxRTT, EV-DO, and W-CDMA
Random access heterogeneous MIMO networks (2011)

This paper presents the design and implementation of 802.11n+, a fully distributed random access protocol for MIMO networks. 802.11n+ allows nodes that differ in the number of antennas to contend not just for time, but also for the degrees of freedom provided by multiple antennas. We show that even when the medium is already occupied by some nodes, nodes with more antennas can transmit concurrently without harming the ongoing transmissions. Furthermore, such nodes can contend for the medium in a fully distributed way. Our testbed evaluation shows that even for a small network with three competing node pairs, the resulting system about doubles the average network throughput. It also maintains the random access nature of today's 802.11n networks.
Dipole Induced Transparency in Drop-Filter Cavity-Waveguide Systems (2006)

We show that a waveguide that is normally opaque due to interaction with a drop-filter cavity can be made transparent when the drop filter is also coupled to a dipole, even when the vacuum Rabi frequency of the dipole is much less than the cavity decay rate. The condition for transparency is simply achieving large Purcell factors. We describe how this effect can be useful for designing quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication.
Domino logic with variable threshold voltage keeper (2003)

A variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique is proposed for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement of domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of a keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. The variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique enhances circuit evaluation speed by up to 60% while reducing power dissipation by 35% as compared to a standard domino (SD) logic circuit. The keeper size can be increased with the proposed technique while preserving the same delay or power characteristics as compared to a SD circuit. The proposed domino logic circuit technique offers 14% higher noise immunity as compared to a SD circuit with the same evaluation delay characteristics. Forward body biasing the keeper transistor is also proposed for improved noise immunity as compared to a SD circuit with the same keeper size. It is shown that by applying forward and reverse body biased keeper circuit techniques, the noise immunity and evaluation speed of domino logic circuits are simultaneously enhanced.
Development of Efficient AAV2/DJ-Based Viral Vectors to Selectively Downregulate the Expression of Neuronal or Astrocytic Target Proteins in the Rat Central Nervous System (2019)

Viral vectors have become very popular to overexpress or downregulate proteins of interest in different cell types. They conveniently allow the precise targeting of well-defined tissue areas, which is particularly useful in complex organs like the brain. In theory, each vector should have its own cell specificity that can be obtained by using different strategies (e.g., using a cell-specific promoter). For the moment, there is few vectors that have been developed to alternatively target, using the same capsid, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system. There is even fewer examples of adeno-associated viral vectors able to efficiently transduce cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The development of viral vectors allowing the cell-specific downregulation of a protein in cultured cells of the central nervous system as well as <i>in vivo</i> within a large brain area would be highly desirable to address several important questions in neurobiology. Here we report that the use of the AAV2/DJ viral vector associated to an hybrid CMV/chicken β-actin promoter (CBA) or to a modified form of the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (G1B3) allows a specific transduction of neurons or astrocytes in more than half of the barrel field within the rat somatosensory cortex. Moreover, the use of the miR30E-shRNA technology led to an efficient downregulation of two proteins of interest related to metabolism both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to downregulate the expression of different protein isoforms in a cell-specific manner using a common serotype. It is proposed that such an approach could be extended to other cell types and used to target several proteins of interest within the same brain area.
Portable multispectral fluorescence imaging system for food safety applications (2004)

Fluorescence can be a sensitive method for detecting food contaminants. Of particular interest is detection of fecal contamination as feces is the source of many pathogenic organisms. Feces generally contain chlorophyll a and related compounds due to ingestion of plant materials, and these compounds can readily be detected using fluorescence techniques. Described is a fluorescence-imaging system consisting primarily of a UV light source, an intensified camera with a six-position filter wheel, and software for controlling the system and automatically analyzing the resulting images. To validate the system, orchard apples artificially contaminated with dairy feces were used in a "hands-on" public demonstration. The contamination sites were easily identified using automated edge detection and threshold detection algorithms. In addition, by applying feces to apples and then washing sets of apples at hourly intervals, it was determined that five h was the minimum contact time that allowed identification of the contamination site after the apples were washed. There are many potential uses for this system, including studying the efficacy of apple washing systems.
STEM imaging of 47-pm-separated atomic columns by a spherical aberration-corrected electron microscope with a 300-kV cold field emission gun (2009)

A spherical aberration-corrected electron microscope has been developed recently, which is equipped with a 300-kV cold field emission gun and an objective lens of a small chromatic aberration coefficient. A dumbbell image of 47 pm spacing, corresponding to a pair of atomic columns of germanium aligned along the [114] direction, is resolved in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a 0.4-eV energy spread of the electron beam. The observed image was compared with a simulated image obtained by dynamical calculation.
Twenty-meter space telescope based on diffractive Fresnel lens (2004)

Diffractive lenses offer two potential advantages for very large aperture space telescopes; very loose surface-figure tolerances and physical implementation as thin, flat optical elements. In order to actually realize these advantages one must be able to build large diffractive lenses with adequate optical precision and also to compactly stow the lens for launch and then fully deploy it in space. We will discuss the recent fabrication and assembly demonstration of a 5m glass diffractive Fresnel lens at LLNL. Optical performance data from smaller full telescopes with diffractive lens and corrective optics show diffraction limited performance with broad bandwidths. A systems design for a 20m space telescope will be presented. The primary optic can be rolled to fit inside of the standard fairings of the Delta IV vehicle. This configuration has a simple deployment and requires no orbital assembly. A twenty meter visible telescope could have a significant impact in conventional astronomy with eight times the resolution of Hubble and over sixty times the light gathering capacity. If the light scattering is made acceptable, this telescope could also be used in the search for terrestrial planets.
High-power slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (2010)

Slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (SCOWLs) are ideal structures for high-power semiconductor lasers. Recently, 2 W CW has been achieved in these lasers with good reliability in both pulsed and CW operation at lower power levels.
Imaging feedback of tissue liquefaction (histotripsy) in ultrasound surgery (2006)

High intensity pulsed ultrasound was used to disrupt liver tissue through cavitation while monitoring with 8 MHz ultrasound imaging. Application of 2000 pulses (sufficient to liquefy the target tissue) resulted in an average 22.4 dB reduction in speckle amplitude. This method may provide effective feedback in ultrasound surgery using cavitation. INTRODUCTION Previous work has shown that under certain conditions, high-intensity pulsed ultrasound can be used to liquefy tissue (1). We are exploring this method as an alternative and complement to traditional thermal therapy techniques. The process of tissue breakdown (we refer to as histotripsy) is thought to occur as a result of repeated subdivision of tissue structure through cavitation. We hypothesize that cavitation induced liquefaction of tissue should produce a significant reduction in standard B-scan imaging speckle amplitude as tissue structure is broken down and the underlying source of speckle backscatter in the MHz regime is reduced. This may provide an effective feedback mechanism for treatment efficacy in ultrasound surgery using cavitation. METHODS Freshly harvested liver samples (less than 6 hours) were placed in degassed saline and then vacuum sealed in thin plastic bags. The samples were placed in the nominal focus of a 1 MHz 512 channel therapeutic array transducer (Imasonic, Besancon, FR). An 8 MHz linear imaging transducer (Siemens Elegra) was placed opposite to the therapeutic transducer very close to the liver sample in order to monitor ultrasound treatments (Fig. 1).
Synthesis of Novel mRNA 5′ Cap‐Analogues: Dinucleoside P<sup>1</sup>, P<sup>3</sup>‐Tri‐, P<sup>1</sup>, P<sup>4</sup>‐Tetra‐, and P<sup>1</sup>, P<sup>5</sup>‐Pentaphosphates (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Watertight Planar Surface Meshing of Indoor Point-Clouds with Voxel Carving (2013)

3D modeling of building architecture from point-cloud scans is a rapidly advancing field. These models are used in augmented reality, navigation, and energy simulation applications. State-of-the-art scanning produces accurate point-clouds of building interiors containing hundreds of millions of points. Current surface reconstruction techniques either do not preserve sharp features common in a man-made structures, do not guarantee water tightness, or are not constructed in a scalable manner. This paper presents an approach that generates watertight triangulated surfaces from input point-clouds, preserving the sharp features common in buildings. The input point-cloud is converted into a voxelized representation, utilizing a memory-efficient data structure. The triangulation is produced by analyzing planar regions within the model. These regions are represented with an efficient number of elements, while still preserving triangle quality. This approach can be applied to data of arbitrary size to result in detailed models. We apply this technique to several data sets of building interiors and analyze the accuracy of the resulting surfaces with respect to the input point-clouds.
Reshaping enhancement of gold nanorods by femtosecond double-pulse laser (2020)

Gold nanorod (Au NR) is an attractive material due to its superior physical and chemical properties. Various applications in diagnostics and biomedicine have been demonstrated. The single-pulse laser is commonly used to reshape nanoparticles in a solvent; however, the laser-material reaction mechanisms underlying nanoparticle reshaping remain unclear. Here, we report the reshaping of Au NRs by ultrafast pump-probe-like double-pulse laser irradiation to understand the reaction dynamics. We demonstrate the enhancement of double-pulse-induced reshaping, which provides an opportunity to design new Au NR structures. It shows that the reshaping enhancement is dependent on the delay time (${\tau _s}$τ<sub>s</sub>) between a pair of separated pulses. The absorption peak wavelength of Au NRs exposed to the shaped double pulse was lower than that of using a single pulse of the same total fluence when ${\tau _s}$τ<sub>s</sub> was less than the electron-phonon relaxation time. This phenomenon was mainly attributed to changes in electronic heat transport and electron-phonon coupling, which affected the pulse delay-dependent nanorod (NR) temperature.
PC-based telerehabilitation system with force feedback. (1999)

A PC-based orthopedic rehabilitation system was developed for use at home, while allowing for remote monitoring from the clinic. The home rehabilitation station has a Pentium II PC with graphics accelerator, Polhemus tracker, and a novel Multipurpose Haptic Control Interface with its own Pentium board. This interface is used to sample patient's hand positions and to provide resistive forces using the Rutgers Master II (RMII) glove. A library of virtual rehabilitation routines was developed using WorldToolKit software. At the present time, it consists of two physical therapy exercises (DigiKey and Ball) and two functional rehabilitation exercises (Peg Board test and Ball game). All VR exercises allow automatic and transparent patient data collection into an Oracle database. A remote Pentium II PC is connected with the home-based PC over the Internet and an additional video-conferencing connection. The remote computer running Oracle server is used to maintain the patient database, monitor progress and change exercise level of difficulty. This allows for timely patient progress monitoring and repeat evaluations over time from the Clinic. The system will soon start clinical trails at Stanford Medical School, with progress being monitored remotely from Rutgers University. Other rehabilitation haptic interfaces under development include devices for elbow, and knee rehabilitation connected to the Multipurpose Haptic Control Interface.
Comparison of Generic Versus Specific Quality-of-Life Scales for Mesh Hernia Repairs (2008)

The CCS better assesses quality of life and satisfaction of patients who have undergone surgical hernia repair than the generic SF-36.
Ultrafast All-Optical Switch with Switch-Off Time Unlimited by Carrier Lifetime (1995)

All-optical switches are expected to become one of key elements in future ultrafast and flexible all-optical communication networks. And it has been generally believed that such all-optical devices would require very fast, as well as very efficient, nonlinear optical material (or phenomena). In fact, the well-known and often discussed figure of merit for nonlinear materials [n2/(ατ) , where n2 is the nonlinear refractive index change coefficient, α is the linear absorbance, and τ is the relaxation time] implies that it is the chosen nonlinear material that determines the basic device performance such as the switching speed and energy. In this paper, we show that this is not necessarily the case; the speed of a nonlinear optical switch proposed by the authors1,2 is not restricted by the slow relaxation time of high efficiency incoherent nonlinearities.
Texture and Rehydration of Dehydrated Carrots as Affected by Low Temperature Blanching (1992)

ABSTRACT Whole carrots were blanched at four temperatures for five time periods, then blanched again for 6 min at 100°C. A control sample was blanched 8 min at 100°C. All samples were then dehydrated. Very slight differences in rehydration ratios between treatments were observed. The 50°C blanch gave a firmness equal to or less than the control for all blanch times. The carrots blanched at 55°C for 15, 30 and 45 min were less firm than the control while the 60 and 90 min blanched samples were firmer than the control. The 60 and 65°C blanched samples had significantly firmer texture than the control when blanch time was > 30 min. Blanching carrots for 45 min at 65°C increased firmness of the rehydrated product by 51% for uncooked and 27% for cooked.
Illuminance-mapping linear lenses for LEDs (2005)

Conventional linear light sources irradiate cylindrically, into 360° in a circle orthogonal to the lamp axis. This makes it difficult to optically couple lamp-output to a much narrower range of output directions. Light-emitting diodes, however, emit into a hemisphere or less of solid angle, and thus are much more amenable to proper lensing. Recent LED tape systems have ±60° emission angles, due to recessing the emitting chips in reflector cups. This turns out to be highly beneficial to linear lenses, enabling nearly 100% collection efficiency. Here we present a new class of nonimaging linear lenses with two aspheric profiles, designed according to the amounts of source-light received along longitudinal strips on the interior surface of the linear lens. In the small-source approximation, the light falling on each strip is imaged relatively intact in the far field, although the source itself is not. This enables the design of extruded linear lenses achieving uniform illumination of nearby planar targets, as in shelf and cove lighting.