gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spread-Spectrum Watermarking Scheme with Adaptive Embedding Strength and PSNR Guarantee (2018)

Watermarking is a crucial technique for copyright protection of digital images. The most common spread-spectrum watermarking schemes suffer from host signal interference (HSI), which degrades the decode performance. Although this condition can be improved by increasing the embedding strength, it might make the embedded watermark perceptible. This paper solves these problems by proposing a novel blind spread-spectrum watermarking scheme with adaptive embedding strength (SSAES). A notion called the error threshold is introduced to analyze how HSI and distortions compromise robustness and imperceptibility of the spread-spectrum scheme, which motivates us to come up with our solutions. SSAES is HSI free by utilizing the priori knowledge of HSI and features an adjustable embedding strength derived from a theoretical equation related to peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), which strikes a perfect balance between robustness and imperceptibility. SSAES can be easily applied to other watermarking frameworks. The experimental results demonstrate our scheme can ensure that the PSNR of each watermarked image is more than 40 dB and is superior to the state of the art method under the same watermarking framework in any simulation scenarios include image processing attacks and geometric attacks.
Antigenicity and Diagnostic Potential of Vaccine Candidates in Human Chagas Disease (2013)

Background: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US and Europe. We have shown TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens elicit protective immunity to T. cruzi in mice and dogs. Herein, we investigated antigenicity of the recombinant proteins in humans to determine their potential utility for the development of next generation diagnostics for screening of T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.
Exploiting Urban Scenes for Vision-aided Inertial Navigation (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of visual-inertial navigation when processing camera observations of both point and line features detected within a Manhattan world. First, we prove that the observations of: (i) a single point, and (ii) a single line of known direction perpendicular to gravity (e.g., a non-vertical structural line of a building), provide sufficient information for rendering all degrees of freedom of a visionaided inertial navigation system (VINS) observable, up to global translations. Next, we examine the observability properties of the linearized system employed by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for processing line observations of known direction, and show that the rank of the corresponding observability matrix erroneously increases. To address this problem, we introduce an elegant modification which enforces that the linearized EKF system has the correct number of unobservable directions, thus improving its consistency. Finally, we validate our findings experimentally in urban scenes and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed VINS over alternative approaches.
Beam patterns of terahertz quantum cascade lasers with subwavelength cavity dimensions (2006)

The need to reach single-mode lasing and minimize at the same time the electrical dissipation of cryogenically operated terahertz quantum cascade lasers may result in small and subwavelength cavity dimensions. To assess the influence of such dimensions on the shape of the laser emission, we have measured the beam pattern of two metal-metal cavity quantum cascade lasers. The patterns show regular angular intensity variations which depend on the length of the laser cavity. The physical origin of these features is discussed in terms of interference of the coherent radiation emitted by end and side facets of the laser bar.
Development of a versatile oncolytic virus platform for local intra-tumoural expression of therapeutic transgenes (2017)

Oncolytic viruses which infect and kill tumour cells can also be genetically modified to express therapeutic genes that augment their anti-cancer activities. Modifying oncolytic viruses to produce effective cancer therapies is challenging as encoding transgenes often attenuates virus activity or prevents systemic delivery in patients due to the risk of off-target expression of transgenes in healthy tissues. To overcome these issues we aimed to generate a readily modifiable virus platform using the oncolytic adenovirus, enadenotucirev. Enadenotucirev replicates in human tumour cells but not cells from healthy tissues and can be delivered intravenously because it is stable in human blood. Here, the enadenotucirev genome was used to generate plasmids into which synthesised transgene cassettes could be directly cloned in a single step reaction. The platform enabled generation of panels of reporter viruses to identify cloning sites and transgene cassette designs where transgene expression could be linked to the virus life cycle. It was demonstrated using these viruses that encoded transgene proteins could be successfully expressed in tumour cells in vitro and tumours in vivo. The expression of transgenes did not impact either the oncolytic activity or selective properties of the virus. The effectiveness of this approach as a drug delivery platform for complex therapeutics was demonstrated by inserting multiple genes in the virus genome to encode full length anti-VEGF antibodies. Functional antibody could be synthesised and secreted from infected tumour cells without impacting the activity of the virus particle in terms of oncolytic potency, manufacturing yields or selectivity for tumour cells. In vivo, viral particles could be efficaciously delivered intravenously to disseminated orthotopic tumours.
Passive Mode Locking of a Ti:Al2O3 Laser with a Nonlinear Coupled Cavity (1989)

A Ti:Al2O3 laser is passively mode-locked with the use of an external cavity containing a nonlinear medium. No active modulation of the laser gain or loss is required for ultrashort pulse generation. The mode-locked output is a continuous train of chirped 2 ps pulses which may be dispersively compensated with a grating pair of obtain 560 fs pulses. For comparison purposes, the Ti:Al2O3 laser is actively mode-locked to obtain 60 ps pulses, and the pulses are shortened using the nonlinear external cavity to obtain chirped 2 ps pulses.
Multi-Pilot Aided Carrier Phase Estimation for Single Carrier Coherent Systems (2015)

We propose a novel low complexity CPE algorithm that uses pilot symbols and inference for estimating carrier phase in single carrier systems. Performance is validated by simulation of 64QAM over the range of SNRs for which 64QAM is optimal for BICM.
Predicting word accuracy for the automatic speech recognition of non-native speech (2010)

We have developed an automated method that predicts the word accuracy of a speech recognition system for non-native speech, in the context of speaking proficiency scoring. A model was trained using features based on speech recognizer scores, function word distributions, prosody, background noise, and speaking fluency. Since the method was implemented for non-native speech, fluency features, which have been used for non-native speakers’ proficiency scoring, were implemented along with several feature groups used from past research. The fluency features showed promising performance by themselves, and improved the overall performance in tandem with other more traditional features. A model using stepwise regression achieved a correlation with word accuracy rates of 0.76, compared to a baseline of 0.63 using only confidence scores. A binary classifier for placing utterances in high-or low-word accuracy bins achieved an accuracy of 84%, compared to a majority class baseline of 64%.
Formation of hydrophilic starch coatings on polyethylene films (2002)

Abstract Thin starch coatings were deposited onto polyethylene (PE) film surfaces when PE films were immersed in 1% jet cooked starch solutions and the hot solutions were allowed to cool. Normal cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch, and solvent‐extracted normal cornstarch (to remove native lipid) were used in these experiments. Amounts of adsorbed starch varied from about 0.03–0.05 mg per cm 2 of PE, and these starch coatings imparted hydrophilic properties to film surfaces, as evidenced by contact angle measurements. Although starch could be removed by gently rubbing water‐wet PE surfaces, air‐dried coatings were more firmly attached, and did not separate from the PE surface when films were bent or flexed. SEM images of starch‐coated film surfaces showed that starch was deposited as particles less than 1 μm in diameter, and also as aggregates of these submicron particles. Despite the fact that some starch samples contained only very small amounts of amylose and native lipid, surface‐deposited starch in all experiments contained 90–100% amylose; and exhibited the same V h X‐ray diffraction pattern, indicative of helical inclusion complex formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1781–1788, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10589
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to Age (2019)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
WE‐AB‐207A‐08: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING): Advanced Scatter Correction and Iterative Reconstruction for Improved Cone‐Beam CT Imaging On the TrueBeam Radiotherapy Machine (2016)

Purpose: To improve CBCT image quality for image‐guided radiotherapy by applying advanced reconstruction algorithms to overcome scatter, noise, and artifact limitations Methods: CBCT is used extensively for patient setup in radiotherapy. However, image quality generally falls short of diagnostic CT, limiting soft‐tissue based positioning and potential applications such as adaptive radiotherapy. The conventional TrueBeam CBCT reconstructor uses a basic scatter correction and FDK reconstruction, resulting in residual scatter artifacts, suboptimal image noise characteristics, and other artifacts like cone‐beam artifacts. We have developed an advanced scatter correction that uses a finite‐element solver (AcurosCTS) to model the behavior of photons as they pass (and scatter) through the object. Furthermore, iterative reconstruction is applied to the scatter‐corrected projections, enforcing data consistency with statistical weighting and applying an edge‐preserving image regularizer to reduce image noise. The combined algorithms have been implemented on a GPU. CBCT projections from clinically operating TrueBeam systems have been used to compare image quality between the conventional and improved reconstruction methods. Planning CT images of the same patients have also been compared. Results: The advanced scatter correction removes shading and inhomogeneity artifacts, reducing the scatter artifact from 99.5 HU to 13.7 HU in a typical pelvis case. Iterative reconstruction provides further benefit by reducing image noise and eliminating streak artifacts, thereby improving soft‐tissue visualization. In a clinical head and pelvis CBCT, the noise was reduced by 43% and 48%, respectively, with no change in spatial resolution (assessed visually). Additional benefits include reduction of cone‐beam artifacts and reduction of metal artifacts due to intrinsic downweighting of corrupted rays. Conclusion: The combination of an advanced scatter correction with iterative reconstruction substantially improves CBCT image quality. It is anticipated that clinically acceptable reconstruction times will result from a multi‐GPU implementation (the algorithms are under active development and not yet commercially available). All authors are employees of and (may) own stock of Varian Medical Systems.
Real-Time Motor Fault Detection by 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Early detection of the motor faults is essential and artificial neural networks are widely used for this purpose. The typical systems usually encapsulate two distinct blocks: feature extraction and classification. Such fixed and hand-crafted features may be a suboptimal choice and require a significant computational cost that will prevent their usage for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate motor condition monitoring and early fault-detection system using 1-D convolutional neural networks that has an inherent adaptive design to fuse the feature extraction and classification phases of the motor fault detection into a single learning body. The proposed approach is directly applicable to the raw data (signal), and, thus, eliminates the need for a separate feature extraction algorithm resulting in more efficient systems in terms of both speed and hardware. Experimental results obtained using real motor data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for real-time motor condition monitoring.
ET-Kyoto Solution plus Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate is Superior to University of Wisconsin Solution in Rat Liver Preservation (2008)

ET-Kyoto solution (ET-K) is an extracellular-type organ preservation solution containing the cytoprotective disaccharide, trehalose. A previous study reported the supplement of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) in conventional ET-K to attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, the efficacy of this modified ET-K for liver preservation was investigated by comparison with University of Wisconsin solution (UW). ET-K was supplemented with db-cAMP (2 mmol/L). Lewis rats were randomly assigned to two groups, and liver grafts were flushed and stored at 40C for 24 h with ET-K or UW before syngeneic liver transplantation. The graft function and histological changes at 4 h posttransplant as well as 7-day survival were evaluated. Recipient rat survival rate was significantly higher in the ET-K group than in the UW group. Preservation in ET-K resulted in a significant reduction in serum parenchymal transaminase level and promotion of bile production in comparison with UW. The serum hyaluronic acid level, an indicator of sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, was significantly lower after ET-K preservation than that in UW. Histologically, at 4 h after transplantation, the liver grafts preserved in UW solution demonstrated a greater degree of injury than those in ET-K, which appeared to be apoptosis, rather than necrosis. The continuity of the sinusoidal lining was better preserved in ET-K than in UW. In conclusion, ET-K supplemented with db-cAMP is superior to UW in rat liver preservation. This modified ET-K might therefore be a novel candidate for the procurement and preservation of multiple organs.
Wideband Doherty Power Amplifier in Quasi-Balanced Configuration (2019)

A new architecture of wideband Doherty power amplifier is presented based on a quasi-balanced configuration. It is revealed that by grounding the isolation port of the branch-line quadrature coupler at the output of a balanced PA, a standard Doherty circuitry can be formed. Based on this discovery, this paper exhibits the design of wideband Doherty power amplifier using wideband standalone PAs and wideband quadrature couplers. It is further unveiled that by loading the isolation port with different reactance, an optimal Doherty behavior can be maintained across the entire frequency range. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a first-pass prototype experimentally presents desired Doherty characteristics across a wide bandwidth from 1.9 to 2.5 GHz, achieving 50–78% of peak efficiency and 43–56% of efficiency at 6-dB power back-off.
Highly Efficient 1,4‐Additions of Electron‐Deficient Aryl Boronic Acids with a Novel Rhodium(I) Quinonoid Catalyst. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of the accuracy of EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry (1998)

The phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed and implement at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing extreme UV (EUV) projection lithography systems. Here progress on the characterization of the PS/PDI accuracy is presented. Two major classes of errors affect the accuracy of the interferometer: the first being systematic effects arising from the measurement geometry, and the second being random and systematic errors caused by an imperfect reference wave. In order to characterize these contribution and calibrate the interferometer. Experimental results demonstrating a systematic-error-limited accuracy of 0.004 waves is reported.
An improved multipeak resonant tunneling diode model for nine-state resonant tunneling diode memory circuit simulation (1995)

A simple Spice equivalent circuit model for simulating current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and logic operation waveforms of an eight-peak resonant tunneling diode is presented. The simulated results agreed well with experimental data measured from an eight-peak resonant tunneling diode device fabricated by Seabaugh's experiment. This is shown through PSpice simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Adaptive region-based multiscaled motion-compensated video coding for error-prone communication channels</title> (1998)

In this paper we propose an adaptive region-based, multi- scale, motion compensated video compression algorithm designed for transmission over hostile communication channels. Our codec extracts spatial information form video frames to create video regions that are then decomposed into sub-bands of different perceptual importance before being compressed and transmitted independently. This allows the system to apply unequal error protection, prioritized transmission, and 'lego-reconstruction' to guarantee a minimum spatial and temporal resolution at the receiver. Furthermore, the region segmented frames bound both spatial and temporal error propagation within frames and when combined with our novel connection-level inter-region statistical multiplexing scheme ensure optimal utilization of the reserved transmission bandwidth. Simulation results demonstrate that in the presence of severe time-varying error conditions and severe bandwidth constraints, our video codec exhibits better error concealment, better temporal resolution, and better bandwidth utilization properties than the popular International Telecommunication Union's and International Standard Organization's video coding standards.
Probabilistic combination of text classifiers using reliability indicators (2002)

The intuition that different text classifiers behave in qualitatively different ways has long motivated attempts to build a better metaclassifier via some combination of classifiers. We introduce a probabilistic method for combining classifiers that considers the context-sensitive reliabilities of contributing classifiers. The method harnesses reliability indicators---variables that provide a valuable signal about the performance of classifiers in different situations. We provide background, present procedures for building metaclassifiers that take into consideration both reliability indicators and classifier outputs, and review a set of comparative studies undertaken to evaluate the methodology.
Functions of the HIV-1 matrix protein p17. (2006)

HIV-1 replication is a dynamic process influenced by a combination of viral and host factors. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 is a structural protein critically involved in most stages of the life cycle of the retrovirus. It participates in the early stages of virus replication as well as in RNA targeting to the plasma membrane, incorporation of the envelope into virions and particle assembly. Besides its well established functions, p17 acts as a viral cytokine that works on preactivated--but not on resting--human T cells promoting proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines release and HIV-1 replication after binding to a cellular receptor (p17R). Thus, p17 might play a key role in the complex network of host- and virus-derived stimulatory factors contributing to create a favourable environment for HIV-1 infection and replication. Here, we present a brief overview of the functions played by the matrix protein p17 in the HIV-1 life cycle and summarize the current understanding of how p17 could contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease.
AAV-mediated neuronal expression of a scFv antibody selective for Aβ oligomers protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer models (2022)

Abstract Brain accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) has been implicated in synapse failure and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we show that treatment with NUsc1, a single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) that selectively targets AβOs, prevents the inhibition of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and memory impairment induced by AβOs in mice. As a therapeutic approach for intracerebral antibody delivery, we developed an adeno-associated virus vector to drive neuronal expression of NUsc1 (AAV-NUsc1) within the brain. Transduction by AAV-NUsc1 induced NUsc1 expression and secretion in adult human brain slices, and inhibited AβO binding to neurons and AβO-induced loss of dendritic spine loss in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Treatment of mice with AAV-NUsc1 prevented memory impairment induced by AβOs and, importantly, reversed memory deficits in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Alzheimer’s disease model mice. These results support the feasibility of gene-mediated immunotherapy using single-chain antibodies as a potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer’s disease.
Video-based real-time on-street parking occupancy detection system (2013)

Urban parking management is receiving significant attention due to its potential to reduce traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and emissions. Real-time parking occupancy detection is a critical component of on-street parking management systems, where occupancy information is relayed to drivers via smart phone apps, radio, Internet, on-road signs, or global positioning system auxiliary signals. Video-based parking occupancy detection systems can provide a cost-effective solution to the sensing task while providing additional functionality for traffic law enforcement and surveillance. We present a video-based on-street parking occupancy detection system that can operate in real time. Our system accounts for the inherent challenges that exist in on-street parking settings, including illumination changes, rain, shadows, occlusions, and camera motion. Our method utilizes several components from video processing and computer vision for motion detection, background subtraction, and vehicle detection. We also present three traffic law enforcement applications: parking angle violation detection, parking boundary violation detection, and exclusion zone violation detection, which can be integrated into the parking occupancy cameras as a value-added option. Our experimental results show that the proposed parking occupancy detection method performs in real-time at 5 frames/s and achieves better than 90% detection accuracy across several days of videos captured in a busy street block under various weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, and rainy, among others.