gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance bifunctional porous non-noble metal phosphide catalyst for overall water splitting (2018)

Water electrolysis is an advanced energy conversion technology to produce hydrogen as a clean and sustainable chemical fuel, which potentially stores the abundant but intermittent renewable energy sources scalably. Since the overall water splitting is an uphill reaction in low efficiency, innovative breakthroughs are desirable to greatly improve the efficiency by rationally designing non-precious metal-based robust bifunctional catalysts for promoting both the cathodic hydrogen evolution and anodic oxygen evolution reactions. We report a hybrid catalyst constructed by iron and dinickel phosphides on nickel foams that drives both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions well in base, and thus substantially expedites overall water splitting at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with 1.42 V, which outperforms the integrated iridium (IV) oxide and platinum couple (1.57 V), and are among the best activities currently. Especially, it delivers 500 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 1.72 V without decay even after the durability test for 40 h, providing great potential for large-scale applications.
Block Copolymer Membranes for Efficient Capture of a Chemotherapy Drug (2016)

We introduce the use of block copolymer membranes for an emerging application, "drug capture". The polymer is incorporated in a new class of biomedical devices, referred to as ChemoFilter, which is an image-guided temporarily deployable endovascular device designed to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy-based cancer treatment. We show that block copolymer membranes consisting of functional sulfonated polystyrene end blocks and a structural polyethylene middle block (S-SES) are capable of capturing doxorubicin, a chemotherapy drug. We focus on the relationship between morphology of the membrane in the ChemoFilter device and efficacy of doxorubicin capture measured in vitro. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy, we discovered that rapid doxorubicin capture is associated with the presence of water-rich channels in the lamellar-forming S-SES membranes in aqueous environment.
Identification of dominant-negative mutants of the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICP0 (1992)

ICP0 is a 110,000-molecular-weight immediate-early protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which is encoded by three exons. It has been shown to function as a promiscuous transactivator of a variety of different HSV-1 and non-HSV-1 promoters in transient expression assays. Analysis of mutations which truncated the carboxy-terminal end of this 775-amino-acid (aa) protein demonstrated that a polypeptide which contained only aa 1 to 553 still possessed significant transactivation potential. Additional carboxy-terminal truncations which sequentially removed aa 245 to 553 and thus the remainder of the third exon resulted in the eventual loss of transactivation capability in these mutants. However, further analysis of these truncated derivatives demonstrated that they behaved as dominant-negative mutants to the wild-type polypeptide. Moreover, one of the mutants was found to act as a promiscuous repressor, in that it could dramatically inhibit a variety of HSV-1 promoters, non-HSV-1 promoters, and heterologous transactivator proteins in transient expression assays, despite having lost almost the entire third exon. These results indicate that a domain encoded by the first two exons probably interacts with, and can effectively titrate, the unknown cellular factor(s) through which ICP0 mediates transactivation.
Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering-Inducing Nanoprobe for Spectrochemical Analysis (2004)

This paper describes a new nanoprobe that induces the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect when brought into contact with chemicals on any type of surface. The SERS-inducing probe was fabricated from an optical fiber that was tapered to a tip 100 nm in diameter. A thin layer of silver islands was applied to the tip of the tapered fiber via thermal evaporation to induce the SERS effect. The small scale of the tip may be amenable to localized, nondestructive SERS-based analyses of surfaces with high spatial selectivity. Because the contact probe itself induces the SERS effect, no modification of the sample is required. Direct analysis at submicrometer spatial selectivity is therefore possible for analyte compounds on any type of surface. Various optimization studies and preliminary evaluations were performed. A 10-nm silver thickness was determined to yield the optimum SERS effect. A 25% relative standard deviation in SERS signal was observed for five different probe tips. As a demonstration of the SERS-inducing capability of the probe, Raman spectra were recorded for glass surfaces coated with brilliant cresyl blue and p-aminobenzoic acid before and during contact with the SERS-inducing nanoprobe.
Synthesis of 3′-<i>O</i>-Phosphonoethyl Nucleosides with an Adenine and a Thymine Base Moiety (2009)

The synthesis and antiviral evaluation of new 3'-O-phosphonoethyl modified phosphonate nucleosides related to PMDTA and PMDTT is described. The reaction scheme starts from protected L-threose and the phosphonate group is introduced by the Arbuzov reaction. The 2'-OH as well as the 2'-deoxygenated nucleosides have been obtained. Unfortunately, none of these synthesized compounds shows activity against HIV and HCV.
Tungsten Nitrido Complexes as Precursors for Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of WN<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub> Films as Diffusion Barriers for Cu Metallization (2014)

Tungsten nitrido complexes of the form WN(NR2)3 [R = combinations of Me, Et, (i)Pr, (n)Pr] have been synthesized as precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of WN(x)C(y), a material of interest for diffusion barriers in Cu-metallized integrated circuits. These precursors bear a fully nitrogen coordinated ligand environment and a nitrido moiety (W≡N) designed to minimize the temperature required for film deposition. Mass spectrometry and solid state thermolysis of the precursors generated common fragments by loss of free dialkylamines from monomeric and dimeric tungsten species. DFT calculations on WN(NMe2)3 indicated the lowest gas phase energy pathway for loss of HNMe2 to be β-H transfer following formation of a nitrido bridged dimer. Amorphous films of WN(x)C(y) were grown from WN(NMe2)3 as a single source precursor at temperatures ranging from 125 to 650 °C using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) with pyridine as the solvent. Films with stoichiometry approaching W2NC were grown between 150 and 450 °C, and films grown at 150 °C were highly smooth, with a RMS roughness of 0.5 nm. In diffusion barrier tests, 30 nm of film withstood Cu penetration when annealed at 500 °C for 30 min.
Unsupervised learning of models for object recognition (2010)

A method is presented to learn object class models from unlabeled and unsegmented cluttered scenes for the purpose of visual object recognition. The variability across a class of objects is modeled in a principled way, treating objects as flexible constellations of rigid parts (features). Variability is represented by a joint probability density function (pdf) on the shape of the constellation and the output of part detectors. Corresponding "constellation models" can be learned in a completely unsupervised fashion. In a first stage, the learning method automatically identifies distinctive parts in the training set by applying a clustering algorithm to patterns selected by an interest operator. It then learns the statistical shape model using expectation maximization. Mixtures of constellation models can be defined and applied to "discover" object categories in an unsupervised manner. The method achieves very good classification results on human faces, cars, leaves, handwritten letters, and cartoon characters.
Amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting α-synuclein as a novel therapy for Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. A characteristic pathological feature of PD is cytoplasmic accumulation of α-synuclein (SNCA) protein. Multiplication of the SNCA gene in familial PD and pathological accumulation of SNCA protein during progression of sporadic PD suggest that increased SNCA protein levels increase the risk of PD. Thus, reducing SNCA expression levels could delay PD onset or modify the disease course. For efficient knock down, we designed and synthesized an amido-bridged nucleic acids (AmNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that targeted SNCA with improved stability and cellular uptake in vivo. AmNA-ASO efficiently downregulated SNCA at both the mRNA and protein level in vitro and in vivo. Notably, AmNA-ASO was efficiently delivered into the mouse brain by intracerebroventricular injection without the aid of additional chemicals. Furthermore, administration of AmNA-ASO ameliorated neurological defects in PD model mice expressing human wild type SNCA. Taken together, these findings suggest that AmNA-ASO is a promising therapeutic strategy for SNCA-associated pathology in PD.
Auditable metering with lightweight security (1998)

In this work we suggest a new mechanism for metering the popularity of Web sites: the compact metering scheme. Our approach does not rely on client authentication or on a third party. Instead, we suggest the notion of a timing function, a computation
Functional characterization of the CD45R (2H4) molecule on CD8 (T8) cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction system (1989)

In the present study, we have investigated the molecular basis for the immunoregulatory function of CD8 cells after autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) activation. We demonstrated that the CD8+CD45R+, but not the CD8+CD45R- subset of cells effected suppression following AMLR activation. In contrast, cytotoxic activity against alloantigens resided in both the CD8+CD45R+ and CD8+CD45R- subsets of cells. Biochemical analysis showed that on CD8 cells, the 220-kDa isoform of the LCA/T200 antigen family was better represented than the 200-kDa isoform, when compared to CD4 cells. The density of the CD45R antigen increased on CD8 cells following activation in AMLR and treatment of AMLR-activated CD8 cells with either anti-CD45R antibody or anti-CD3 antibody abolished the suppressor function of these cells. In contrast, treatment of AMLR-activated CD4 cells with anti-CD45R, but not anti-CD3 antibody, abolished the suppressor/inducer function of these cells. The results suggest that the CD45R antigen as well as CD3 T cell receptor complex have an important role in the suppressor function of AMLR-activated CD8 cells.
Photothermal modulation for oscillating mode atomic force microscopy in solution (1998)

Solution imaging using resonant techniques for atomic force microscopy is greatly simplified by driving the cantilever directly. We have taken advantage of the temperature-sensitive bending properties of metal-coated silicon nitride cantilevers to induce vibrations in the lever using a modulated laser. We demonstrate that photothermal modulation with a nominal 2 mW laser in solution produces a single resonance, typically, of 8–20 nm amplitude, that can be used for imaging. We present high-quality images of DNA on a mica surface to show the capabilities of this technique for solution imaging.
Substrate specificity studies of aldolase enzymes for use in organic synthesis (1990)

The preparation of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids from glycine and various aldehydes by aldolase enzymes is examined; attention is focused on substrate structural requirements, with stereoselectivity of the aldol reactions also considered.
Parameter‐dependent Riccati equation–based output feedback adaptive control (2017)

Summary A parameter‐dependent Riccati equation approach is proposed to design and analyze the stability properties of an output feedback adaptive control law design. The adaptive controller is intended to augment an existing fixed‐gain observer‐based output feedback control law. Although the formulation is in the setting of model reference adaptive control, the realization of the adaptive controller does not require implementing the reference model. In this regard, the increased complexity of implementing the adaptive controller, above that of a fixed‐gain control law, is less than that of other methods. The error signals are shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded, and an estimate for the ultimate bound is provided. The issue of sensor noise is addressed by introducing an error filter. The control design process and the theoretical results are illustrated using a model for wing rock dynamics.
Characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to common protein epitopes on the cell surface of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sobrinus</i> (1989)

Three monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were prepared against a cell surface antigen which cross-react between Streptococcus mutans (serotypes c, e and f) and Streptococcus sobrinus (serotypes d and g). Two of the MAb also recognise a determinant on the surface of Streptococcus cricetus (serotype a). The common antigen shared between S. mutans and S. sobrinus was demonstrated by Western blotting to be about 200 kD in size. This antigen is shared not only by the cell surfaces of serotypes a, c, d, e, f and g, but also by the major cell surface antigen of S. mutans of 185 kD and another of 150 kD. These MAb identify all but one mutans type of streptococci and can be utilised as analytical reagents.
The Autonomous Activity of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IV Is Required for Its Role in Transcription (2005)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that is positively regulated by two main events. The first is the binding of calcium/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM), which relieves intramolecular autoinhibition of the enzyme and leads to basal kinase activity. The second is activation by the upstream kinase, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase. Phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/CaM-bound CaMKIV on its activation loop threonine (residue Thr(200) in human CaMKIV) by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase leads to increased CaMKIV kinase activity. It has also been repeatedly noted that activation of CaMKIV is accompanied by the generation of Ca(2+)/CaM-independent or autonomous activity, although the significance of this event has been unclear. Here we demonstrate the importance of autonomous activity to CaMKIV biological function. We show that phosphorylation of CaMKIV on Thr(200) leads to the generation of a fully Ca(2+)/CaM-independent enzyme. By analyzing the behavior of wild-type and mutant CaMKIV proteins in biochemical experiments and cellular transcriptional assays, we demonstrate that CaMKIV autonomous activity is necessary and sufficient for CaMKIV-mediated transcription. The ability of wild-type CaMKIV to drive cAMP response element-binding protein-mediated transcription is strictly dependent upon an initiating Ca(2+) stimulus, which leads to kinase activation and development of autonomous activity in cells. Mutant CaMKIV proteins that are incapable of developing autonomous activity within a cellular context fail to drive transcription, whereas certain CaMKIV mutants that possess constitutive autonomous activity drive transcription in the absence of a Ca(2+) stimulus and independent of Ca(2+)/CaM binding or Thr(200) phosphorylation.
Therapeutic acrylates for enhanced medical adhesives (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Covalent modification of a ten-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide with levofloxacin (2014)

The rampant spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria has spurred interest in alternative strategies for developing next-generation antibacterial therapies. As such, there has been growing interest in cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and their therapeutic applications. Modification of CAMPs via conjugation to auxiliary compounds, including small molecule drugs, is a new approach to developing effective, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with novel physicochemical properties and versatile antibacterial mechanisms. Here, we've explored design parameters for engineering CAMPs conjugated to small molecules with favorable physicochemical and antibacterial properties by covalently affixing a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, levofloxacin, to the ten-residue CAMP Pep-4. Relative to the unmodified Pep-4, the conjugate was found to demonstrate substantially increased antibacterial potency under high salt concentrations. Historically, it has been observed that most CAMPs lose antibacterial effectiveness in such high ionic strength environments, a fact that has presented a challenge to their development as therapeutics. Physicochemical studies revealed that P4LC was more hydrophobic than Pep-4, while mechanistic findings indicated that the conjugate was more effective at disrupting bacterial membrane integrity. Although the inherent antibacterial effect of the incorporated levofloxacin molecules did not appear to be substantially realized in this conjugate, these findings nevertheless suggest that covalent attachment of small molecule antibiotics with favorable physicochemical properties to CAMPs could be a promising strategy for enhancing peptide performance and overall therapeutic potential. These results have broader applicability to the development of future CAMP-antibiotic conjugates for potential therapeutic applications.
Design and first applications of a post-column imaging filter (1992)

We have designed and built an imaging filter which can be attached to most stan- dard TEMs, and is capable of operating at primary energies of up to 400 keV. The filter uses a 90m agnetic sector prism, a piezoelectrically controlled energy-selecting slit, and 6 quadrupole and 5 sextupole lenses. It fully corrects second-order aberrations and distortions in images formed with electrons of selected energies, and it also produces second-order aberration-corrected spectra of vari- able dispersion. We show the first applications of the filter at 200 keV primary energy, which indicate that the filter will excel in chemical mapping and spectroscopy, in improving contrast of electron im- ages and diffraction patterns, and in making high resolution electron microscopy and diffraction more quantitative. We conclude the paper with a discussion about atomic resolution image formation using inelastically scattered electrons, and the relationship between energy-filtered diffraction patterns and images formed with electrons of the same energy.
Designing Mimics of Membrane Active Proteins (2013)

As a semipermeable barrier that controls the flux of biomolecules in and out the cell, the plasma membrane is critical in cell function and survival. Many proteins interact with the plasma membrane and modulate its physiology. Within this large landscape of membrane-active molecules, researchers have focused significant attention on two specific classes of peptides, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), because of their unique properties. In this Account, we describe our efforts over the last decade to build and understand synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs). These endeavors represent one specific example of a much larger effort to understand how synthetic molecules interact with and manipulate the plasma membrane. Using both defined molecular weight oligomers and easier to produce, but heterogeneous, polymers, we have generated scaffolds with biological potency exceeding that of the natural analogues. One of these compounds has progressed through a phase II clinical trial for pan-staph infections. Modern biophysical assays have highlighted the interplay between the synthetic scaffold and lipid composition: a negative Gaussian curvature is required both for pore formation and for the initiation of endosome creation. Although work remains to better resolve the complexity of this interplay between lipids, other bilayer components, and the scaffolds, significant new insights have been discovered. These results point to the importance of considering the various aspects of permeation and how these are related to "pore formation". More recently, our efforts have expanded toward protein transduction domains, or mimics of cell penetrating peptides. Using a combination of unique molecular scaffolds and guanidinium-rich side chains, we have produced an array of polymers with robust membrane (and delivery) activity. In this new area, researchers are just beginning to understand the fundamental interactions between these new scaffolds and the plasma membrane. Negative Gaussian curvature is also important in these systems, but the detailed relationships between molecular structure, self-assembly with lipids, and translocation will require more investigation. It has become clear that the combination of molecular design, biophysical models, and biological evaluation provides a robust approach to the generation and study of novel proteinomimetics.
Copy detection of 3D videos (2012)

We present a novel system to detect copies of 3D videos. The system creates signatures from the depth signals of 3D videos. It also extracts visual features from video frames and creates compact spatial signatures for videos. The system then uses the depth and spatial signatures to compare a given query video versus a reference video database. The system returns a score indicating whether the query video matches any video in the reference video database, and in case of matching, which portion of the reference video matches the query video. The system is computationally efficient and can be implemented in distributed manner. The system can be used, for example, by video content owners, video hosting sites, and third-party companies to find illegally copied 3D videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first complete 3D video copy detection system in the literature. We implemented the proposed system and conducted a rigorous evaluation study using 3D videos with diverse properties. Our experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve high accuracy in terms of precision and recall even if the 3D videos are subjected to several transformations at the same time. For example, the proposed system yields 100% precision and recall when copied videos are parts of original videos, and more than 90% precision and recall when copied videos are subjected to different individual transformations.