gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONTROLLING GREENHOUSE LIGHT TO A CONSISTENT DAILY INTEGRAL (2000)

Lettuce growth data are presented that show the importance of the daily light integral for predictablevegetative growth. Dry mass accumulation is shown to be proportional to the light integral, and a consistent daily lightintegral is proposed to be central to consistent production. Supplemental lighting control rules are defined and describedand a computer implementation is used in conjunction with ten years of hourly weather data to test (by simulation)adequacy of the rules to control supplemental lights and movable shades in greenhouses to achieve a consistent dailyintegral of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), mol-m 2 -day 1 , on days of either insufficient or excess solarirradiation, which are most days. The rules require neither historical data bases of weather characteristics nor dailyweather forecasts. Control decisions are suggested to be made hourly, based on the current days accumulating solar PARintegral inside the greenhouse. The model is sensitive to time-of-day electricity rates, changing seasons, weather,greenhouse and component characteristics, and greenhouse location (latitude and longitude). The rules containparameters with values suggested for northeastern United States solar conditions but which may be adjusted for localsolar climates that are significantly different.
Peripheral Blood Monuclear Cells Gene Expression Patterns Predict Mortality In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal lung disease with lung transplant as the only available therapy. The course of IPF is variable and unpredictable. In this study we aimed to identify and validate a PBMC gene expression signature indicative of outcome in IPF. Methods: Microarray analysis of PBMC from patients with IPF was performed in two independent cohorts and two different microarray technologies: a derivation cohort of 75 patients at the University of Pittsburgh and a replication cohort of 45 patients at the University of Chicago. Mortality was the major outcome studied. After blood draw and PBMC isolation, RNA was extracted, labeled and hybridized to human gene expression microarrays (Agilent – Pittsburgh, Affymetrix – Chicago). Data was analyzed using BRB Array Tools. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate individual gene association with survival followed by Hierarchical clustering of these genes. Survival gene set analysis was performed to identify pathways associated with survival in both cohorts. For PCR validation of prognostic genes we designed a multi-sample high-throughput qRT-PCR SmarChip (Wafergen) that allowed us to measure their transcripts in the combined cohort of 139 patients. PCR results were adjusted to age, sex and FVC. Results: 2595 genes were associated with survival in the derivation cohort (p<0.05); Hierarchical clustering of these genes identified 2 major clusters of IPF patients with a significant difference in mortality (p=0.003), without a significant difference in other variables. The CTLA4 pathway was associated with survival in the derivation (p=0.0008) and replication cohorts (p=0.0001). SmartChip qRT-PCR confirmed that a decrease in PBMC expression of CD28, ITK, ICOS or LCK was predictive of earlier mortality in patients with IPF. While this prediction was significant in both genders it was dramatic in males. The male median survival adjusted to age, gender and FVC at baseline was 1.16, 1.16, 1.37 and 1.2 years for low CD28, ITK, ICOS and LCK respectively compared to 3.0, 2.38, 3.47 and 3.0 years for patients expressing high levels with hazard ratios of 2.51, 2.14, 2.44 and 2.16 respectively. Conclusions: This is the first identification of a prognosis predictive peripheral blood gene expression signature in IPF. The replication of the arrays in two cohorts despite different platforms and the SmartChip validation of the results suggest that qRT-PCR measurement of CD28, ICOS, ITK and LCK in PBMC, should be evaluated and used for risk stratification of patients with IPF.
Yield improvement of the sea lice MY32/Cr novel antigen production and IgM immune response characterization in Oreochromis niloticus as a model (2014)

Sea lice cause over 300 million € annual losses in salmon aquaculture-leading countries and most treatments consist of chemicals, with their limitations regarding the generation of parasite resistance, environmental damage and high costs. Researches about fish vaccines against sea lice as a method for controlling parasites have been accomplished; however there is no commercial vaccine available up to date against this pest. It could be due to an insufficient immunological and protective response of the selected antigen or to the lack of appropriate/suitable process for its production with commercial perspectives. Previously, the gene coding for the akirin protein of Caligus rogercresseyi (MY32/Cr) was cloned. It was produced recombinant in Escherichia coli and it showed 57 % of protection in a vaccination-challenge experiment against sea lice infestation in salmon. In the present study, the MY32/Cr yield was improved up to four fold in fermentation process by testing different culture media. It was also studied the effect of this novel antigen, for a potential vaccine, on humoral immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). It was observed that the immunization with MY32/Cr elicited a statistically significant IgM antibody response after a double injection of the recombinant protein. The process obtained is a suitable method, an essential tool as a first step to produce this recombinant antigen at commercial scale. The results suggest that the MY32/Cr protein may be used as a target to be tested in salmon, for developing of a vaccine to control sea lice infestations in fish; and that the administration of a single booster dose could be useful to improve antibody response.
A new technique for first-arrival picking of refracted seismic data based on digital image segmentation (2011)

ABSTRACT We introduce a new method for first-arrival picking based on digital color-image segmentation of energy ratios of refracted seismic data. The method uses a new color-image segmentation scheme based on projection onto convex sets (POCS). The POCS requires a reference color for the first break and one iteration to segment the first-break amplitudes from other arrivals. We tested the segmentation method on synthetic seismic data sets with various amounts of additive Gaussian noise. The proposed method gives similar performance to a modified version of Coppens’ method for traces with high signal-to-noise ratio and medium-to-large offsets. Finally, we applied our method and used as well the modified first-arrival picking method based on Coppens’ method to pick the first arrivals on four real data sets, where both were compared to the first breaks that were picked manually and then interpolated. Based on an assessment error of a 20-ms window with respect to manual picks that are interpolated, we find that our method gives comparable performance to Coppens’ method, depending on the data difficulty of picking first arrivals. Therefore, we believe that our proposed method is a good new addition to the existing methods of first-arrival picking.
Agreement of Single- and Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Measurements in Hemodialysis Patients: An Ancillary Study of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial (2014)

Both methods showed agreement without significant proportional errors regardless of HD frequency and can be used for longitudinal analyses. SF-BIA has lower precision which needs thorough consideration in the design of future trials with similar outcomes.
Evaluation of an image-based tracking workflow using a passive marker and resonant micro-coil fiducials for automatic image plane alignment in interventional MRI (2012)

In this paper, an original workflow is presented for MR image plane alignment based on tracking in real-time MR images. A test device consisting of two resonant micro-coils and a passive marker is proposed for detection using image-based algorithms. Micro-coils allow for automated initialization of the object detection in dedicated low flip angle projection images; then the passive marker is tracked in clinical real-time MR images, with alternation between two oblique orthogonal image planes along the test device axis; in case the passive marker is lost in real-time images, the workflow is reinitialized. The proposed workflow was designed to minimize dedicated acquisition time to a single dedicated acquisition in the ideal case (no reinitialization required). First experiments have shown promising results for test-device tracking precision, with a mean position error of 0.79 mm and a mean orientation error of 0.24°.
<title>New silicon-containing negative resist for bilayer lithography</title> (1993)

The increasing use of high density integrated circuits has created a need for development of new resist materials and lithographic schemes involving process simplification in semiconductor device fabrication to lower defect levels and improve product reliability. Towards that goal, we have developed a new negative working photoresist applicable to a bilayer resist scheme using optical and E-beam exposures. In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and lithographic applications of the silicon containing resist PHBS-AZIDE. The resist comprises a single component in which the photoactive group, an azide moiety, is chemically bonded to the base polymer, poly(4-hydroxybenzylsilsesquioxane) via an esterification reaction. The new polymer is easily synthesized and has the advantageous properties of aqueous base developability, excellent oxygen RIE resistance and high sensitivity to DUV, i-line and E-beam exposures. Sub-half micron images have been demonstrated using PHBS-AZIDE as a thin top imaging layer in a bilayer mode.
High‐efficiency power production from coal with carbon capture (2010)

Abstract A zero‐emissions power plant with high efficiency is presented. Syngas, produced by the gasification of coal, is shifted to produce H 2 which in turn fuels stacks of solid oxide fuel cells. Because the fuel cells maintain separate anode and cathode streams, air can be used as the oxygen source without diluting the fuel exhaust with nitrogen. This enables recovery of CO 2 from the exhaust with a very small energy penalty. As a result, an absorption‐based CO 2 recovery process is avoided, as well as the production of large quantities of high‐purity O 2 , allowing a high overall thermal efficiency and essentially eliminating the energy penalty for carbon capture. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Mode-Locked Thulium-doped Silicate Fiber Laser with Saturable Absorber Mirror (2010)

We report a passively mode-locked fiber laser using a 30-cm long newly developed Tm-doped silicate glass fiber. The mode-locked pulses operate at 1980 nm with duration of 1.5 ps and energy of 0.76 nJ.
Automated Axial Right Ventricle to Left Ventricle Diameter Ratio Computation in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (2015)

An automated CAD system for determining the CT derived RV/LV diameter ratio in patients with acute PE has high accuracy when compared to manual measurements and similar prognostic significance for two clinical outcomes.
Software for Automated Generation of Cartesian Meshes (2006)

Cart3D is a collection of computer programs for generating Cartesian meshes [for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other applications] in volumes bounded by solid objects. Aspects of Cart3D at earlier stages of development were reported in Robust and Efficient Generation of Cartesian Meshes for CFD (ARC-14275), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 23, No. 8 (August 1999), page 30. The geometric input to Cart3D comprises surface triangulations like those commonly generated by computer-aided-design programs. Complexly shaped objects can be represented as assemblies of simpler ones. Cart3D deletes all portions of such an assembled object that are not on the exterior surface. Intersections between components are preserved in the resulting triangulation. A tie-breaking routine unambiguously resolves geometric degeneracies. Then taking the intersected surface triangulation as input, the volume mesh is generated through division of cells of an initially coarse hexahedral grid. Cells are subdivided to refine the grid in regions of increased surface curvature and/or increased flow gradients. Cells that become split into multiple unconnected regions by thin pieces of surface are identified.
Disturbance attenuation in time-delay systems &#x2014; A case study on engine air-fuel ratio control (2011)

In this paper we analyze relative performance of several approaches to disturbance attenuation for systems with time delay including the conventional Proportional-Integral controller, the Smith Predictor, and the Model Reduction controller. The paper proposes a measure of disturbance attenuation capability and computes it analytically for each of the controllers considered. The results are applied to the air-fuel ratio regulation in automotive engines. To meet strict emission regulations, gasoline engines must operate at stoichiometric air fuel ratio over most of its operating range. A major component towards accomplishing this goal is the closed loop fuel controller. The feedback uses an exhaust-gas oxygen sensor which introduces a long transport delay. This paper discusses the air-fuel ratio regulation problem, explores options in control design for disturbance attenuation in system with time-delay, and shows simulation and experimental, in-vehicle validations.
Cyclic-prefix CDMA: an improved transmission method for broadband DS-CDMA cellular systems (2003)

This paper describes a novel type of single-carrier DS-CDMA system that combines the use of OFDM-style cyclic prefixes with frequency-domain equalization, for use on the forward link of broadband CDMA cellular systems. The proposed method is referred to as CP-CDMA. The combination of cyclic prefixes and MMSE frequency-domain equalization solves many of the performance and complexity problems that arise in CDMA receivers when techniques such as multi-level modulation and full code usage are employed. Simulation results are presented for a 20 MHz system with multi-level modulation and these results are compared to the performance of a conventional CDMA system with either a RAKE receiver or a time-domain equalizer. Results indicate that CP-CDMA provides significantly improved performance, yet has lower complexity than the time-domain equalized system.
A regenerative link in the ionic fluxes through the <i>weaver</i> potassium channel underlies the pathophysiology of the mutation (1996)

The homozygous weaver mouse displays neuronal degeneration in several brain regions. Previous experiments in heterologous expression systems showed that the G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ channel (GIRK2) bearing the weaver pore-region GYG-to-SYG mutation (i) is not activated by G beta gamma subunits, but instead shows constitutive activation, and (ii) is no longer a K(+)-selective channel but conducts Na+ as well. The present experiments on weaverGIRK2 (wvGIRK2) expressed in Xenopus oocytes show that the level of constitutive activation depends on intracellular Na+ concentration. In particular, manipulations that decrease intracellular Na+ produce a component of Na(+)-permeable current activated via a G protein pathway. Therefore, constitutive activation may not arise because the weaver mutation directly alters the gating transitions of the channel protein. Instead, there may be a regenerative cycle of Na+ influx through the wvGIRK2 channel, leading to additional Na+ activation. We also show that the wvGIRK2 channel is permeable to Ca2+, providing an additional mechanism for the degeneration that characterizes the weaver phenotype. We further demonstrate that the GIRK4 channel bearing the analogous weaver mutation has properties similar to those of the wvGIRK2 channel, providing a glimpse of the selective pressures that have maintained the GYG sequence in nearly all known K+ channels.
Growth and characterization of InGaN/GaN double heterostructure LEDs grown by MOCVD (2002)

We have achieved high quality InGaN epitaxial layers by atmospheric pressure MOCVD on c-plane sapphire. The indium segregation coefficient is shown to depend not only on the growth temperature, but also on the growth rate of the InGaN film. Strong band edge photoluminescence was observed for InGaN films grown at temperatures as low as 700/spl deg/C with In mole fractions up to 0.20. Preliminary results are presented on blue InGaN/GaN double heterostructure LEDs.
Six Output Wavelength Raman Fiber Laser for Raman Amplification (2002)

A Raman fiber laser emitting six output wavelengths ranging from 1415 nm to 1480 nm has been implemented. Thanks to its adaptability, it allows to manage the Raman gain and is an alternative to complex semiconductor pump modules
Linearizing Nonlinear Optics (2017)

We demonstrate how Fourier Nonlinear Optics elegantly merges the simplicity of linear optics with the power of conventional nonlinear optics to achieve the decoupling of frequencies, amplitudes and phases in nonlinear processes.
Use of a synthetic peptide‐based elisa for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and other diseases (1987)

Abstract A simple enzyme immunoassay has been developed based on measuring antibodies to synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences in the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). This assay, which is reproducible, quantitative, and simple to perform and interpret, can be an effective tool to aid in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Differential vector phase locked loop (2016)

A novel differential vector phase locked loop (DVPLL) is derived that takes global navigation satellite system (GNSS) code-phase and carrier-phase measurements from a base station and uses them to maintain a position with centimeter-level accuracy directly in the vector tracking loop of a rover receiver. The navigation filter uses five state variables, three position and two clock states, to create the replica code and carrier measurements for a static test. There are no individual channel states or feedback mechanisms. Closing the individual loops solely through the navigation filter makes this a purely vector method. For short baselines, where differential atmospheric errors are small, the DVPLL can be used on single-frequency data. An L1-only live-sky static test was performed using the method, resulting in a three-dimensional accuracy of 1.3 mm for a zero-baseline and 5.3 mm for an 18.5 m baseline.
Synthesis, characterization, and immunologic properties of detoxified lipooligosaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae conjugated to proteins (1996)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important cause of otitis media in children and of pneumonitis in adults with depressed resistance. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a major surface antigen of NTHi and elicits bactericidal and opsonic antibodies. We prepared detoxified LOS (dLOS) protein conjugates from NTHi for use as experimental vaccines. LOS from NTHi 9274 was treated with anhydrous hydrazine and had its toxicity reduced to clinically acceptable levels. dLOS was bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) or high- molecular-weight proteins (HMPs) from NTHi through a linker of adipic acid dihydrazide to form dLOS-TT or dLOS-HMP. The molar ratio of the dLOS to protein carriers ranged from 26:1 to 50:1. The antigenicity of the conjugates was similar to that of the LOS alone as determined by double immunodiffusion. Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of the conjugates elicited a 28- to 486-fold rise in the level of immunoglobulin G antibodies in mice to the homologous LOS after two or three injections and a 169- to 243-fold rise in the level of immunoglobulin G antibodies in rabbits after two injections. The immunogenicity of the conjugates in mice and rabbits was enhanced by formulation with monophosphoryl lipid A plus trehalose dimycolate. In rabbits, conjugate-induced LOS antibodies induced complement-mediated bactericidal activity against the homologous strain 9274 and prototype strain 3189. These results indicate that a detoxified LOS-protein conjugate is a candidate vaccine for otitis media and pneumonitis caused by NTHi.
Field Test for Real Time Monitoring of Piezoresistive Smart Cement to Verify the Cementing Operations (2016)

Abstract In this study, a field well was installed and cemented using the smart cement mixture with enhanced piezoresistive properties. The field well was designed, built, and used to demonstrate the concept of real time monitoring of the flow of drilling mud and smart cement and hardening of the cement in place. The well was installed in soft swelling clay soils to investigate the sensitivity of the smart oil well cement. A new method has been developed to measure the electrical resistivity of the materials using the two probe method. Using the new concept, it has been proven that the resistivity dominated the behavior of drilling fluid and smart cement. LCR meters (measures the inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R)) were used at 300 kHz frequency to measure the changes in resistance. The well instrumentation was outside the casing with 120 probes, 18 strain gages and 9 thermocouples. The strain gages and thermocouples were used to compare the sensitivity of these instruments to the two probe resistance measure in-situ in the cement. The electric probes used to measure the resistance were placed vertically at 15 levels and each level had eight horizontal probes. Change in the resistance of hardening cement was continuously monitored since the installation of the field well for over 100 days. Also, a method to predict the changes in electrical resistance of the hardening cement outside the casing (Electrical Resistance Model - ERM) with time has been developed. The ERM predicted the changes in the electrical resistances of the hardening cement outside the cemented casing very well. In addition, the pressure testing showed the piezoresistive response of the hardened smart cement and a piezoresistive model has been developed to predict the pressure in the casing from the change in resistivity in the smart cement.
Identification of N-Hydroxamic Acid and N-Hydroxyimide Compounds that Inhibit the Influenza Virus Polymerase (1996)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza virus transcribes messenger RNA through a unique cap-scavenging mechanism. The polymerase binds to the cap structure at the 5′ ends of host mRNAs, which are then cleaved and used as primers for viral mRNA synthesis. In an effort to discover antiviral compounds against this target, an in-vitro transcription assay was utilized to screen a proprietary chemical collection. Results of this screening effort identified an N-hydroxamic acid structure as an inhibitor of the capped RNA-dependent transcriptase activity. Subsequent sub-structure searching and screening based upon this pharmacophore identified two related N-hydroxyimide compounds as specific inhibitors. These compounds were found to inhibit the cap-scavenging mechanism through inhibition of the endonuclease function of the polymerase.
More than meets the eye: A hybrid-locomotion robot with rotary flight and wheel modes (2009)

Mobility in small ground robots is often improved by novel mechanisms or wheel designs. This can be successful when navigating rough terrain or climbing small obstacles. However, few such robots are capable of scaling obstacles of arbitrary height or traversing all types of terrain. This paper presents a concept for a miniature robot that combines wheeled ground locomotion with rotary-wing flight capabilities, which has the potential to offer the best features of both helicopters and ground vehicles while addressing the aforementioned challenges to mobility.