gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody Levels in Prospectively Evaluated Relatives of Patients With Type I Diabetes (1994)

In this study, we demonstrate that levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies (GAAs) by radioassay differ between relatives with GAD-absorbable and GAD-nonabsorbable islet cell antibodies (ICAs). Extremely high levels of GAAs are often found in relatives with GAD-absorbable ICAs (> 1,800 cpm, > 9 SD above normal control subjects; mean = 1,991 cpm), and lower levels (mean = 1,078 cpm) of GAAs were present in relatives with nonabsorbable ICAs (P < 10(-5). The serum levels of GAAs were remarkably constant for relatives of both groups over time. The levels of GAAs were found to be inversely related to both the levels of insulin autoantibodies and the rate of loss of intravenous glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P < 10(-5) and P < 0.01, respectively). Relatives with low positive levels of GAAs had more rapid loss of insulin secretion and were at high risk to become diabetic (50% diabetic at 4 years) compared with relatives with higher levels (1,800 cpm) of GAAs (10% diabetic at 4 years; P < 0.05). These data suggest that high levels of GAAs are associated with a decreased risk of progression to type I diabetes and extend the hypothesis that distinct subsets of ICAs and GAAs with differing prognostic significance can be identified.
Fast and accurate timing characterization using functional information (2001)

In deep submicrometer integrated circuit design, there is a growing need to quickly and accurately characterize the timing of large circuit blocks. Accurate timing characterization requires making available as much timing information as possible at each step of the design process. Conventional fast characterization methods typically employ topological analysis, which can be inaccurate because of its inability to eliminate false paths. To address this problem, a new method for creating accurate timing models of circuit blocks by making efficient use of their functionality is introduced. The proposed mode-dependent characterization (ModeChar) method is based on calculating a distinct timing model for each mode of circuit operation and reflects the way practical circuits function. ModeChar produces a mode-dependent timing model that contains delay information for a given set of circuit modes. It is shown that circuit delays are never underestimated by the mode-dependent models. The concept of mode dependency is taken further by extending it to sequential circuits. Given a sequential circuit, a compact set of constraints is derived for each circuit mode that captures all the timing constraints that must be satisfied for correct operation of the circuit. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of ModeChar in eliminating many false paths that would otherwise result in performance penalties. In addition, our experiments indicate that delays can vary considerably among circuit modes, making conventional topological analysis overly pessimistic. To make the mode-dependent models more compact, an efficient algorithm far coalescing delay information is also introduced.
AN AUTOMATED PENILE COMPRESSION RELEASE MANEUVER AS A NONINVASIVE TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION (2004)

The results of this study suggest that the PCR index combines valid estimates of bladder contractility and the maximum flow rate, and it represents a clinically useful, noninvasive urodynamic parameter for the diagnosis of BOO.
Films from soft-core/hard-shell hydrophobic latexes: Structure and thermomechanical properties (2000)

Structured latexes provide a promising route to hard coatings without the use of coalescing aids. We studied the thermomechanical properties of films from structured soft-core/hard-shell hydrophobic latexes. We found that the mechanical properties of these films were closely related to their very particular organization. When the rigid phase was continuous, whatever its volume fraction, the films exhibited a high elastic modulus. An analysis of the viscoelastic properties of the films provided a good method for obtaining information about the interphase between the hard shell and soft core of the latex particles. By varying the film structure through annealing or the particle composition (core/shell ratio, core crosslinking, etc.), we were able to tune the mechanical properties of the films. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2989–3000, 2000
Closed Loop Maximum Dilution Limit Control using In-Cylinder Ionization Signal (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a combustion stability index derived from an in-cylinder ionization signal to control the engine maximum EGR limit. Different from the existing approaches that use the ionization signal values to gauge how much EGR was added during the combustion, the proposed method concentrates on using the ionization signal duration and its stochastic properties to evaluate the end result of EGR on combustion stability. When the duration index or indexes are higher than pre-determined values, the EGR limit is set. The dynamometer engine test results have shown promise for closed loop EGR control of spark ignition engines.</div>
Multi-factor authentication for users of non-internet based applications\n of blockchain-based platforms (2020)

Attacks targeting several millions of non-internet based application users\nare on the rise. These applications such as SMS and USSD typically do not\nbenefit from existing multi-factor authentication methods due to the nature of\ntheir interaction interfaces and mode of operations. To address this problem,\nwe propose an approach that augments blockchain with multi-factor\nauthentication based on evidence from blockchain transactions combined with\nrisk analysis. A profile of how a user performs transactions is built overtime\nand is used to analyse the risk level of each new transaction. If a transaction\nis flagged as high risk, we generate n-factor layers of authentication using\npast endorsed blockchain transactions. A demonstration of how we used the\nproposed approach to authenticate critical financial transactions in a\nblockchain-based asset financing platform is also discussed.\n
Discovery of 8-Trifluoromethyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-<i>a</i>]pyridine (JNJ-46356479), a Selective and Orally Bioavailable mGlu2 Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) (2016)

Positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor have generated great interest in the past decade. There is mounting evidence of their potential as therapeutic agents in the treatment of multiple central nervous system disorders. We have previously reported substantial efforts leading to potent and selective mGlu2 PAMs. However, finding compounds with the optimal combination of in vitro potency and good druglike properties has remained elusive, in part because of the hydrophobic nature of the allosteric binding site. Herein, we report on the lead optimization process to overcome the poor solubility inherent to the advanced lead 6. Initial prototypes already showed significant improvements in solubility while retaining good functional activity but displayed new liabilities associated with metabolism and hERG inhibition. Subsequent subtle modifications efficiently addressed those issues leading to the identification of compound 27 (JNJ-46356479). This new lead represents a more balanced profile that offers a significant improvement on the druglike attributes compared to previously reported leads.
C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. I. Taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation and antibacterial properties. (1980)

C-19393 S2 and H2 are new carbapenem antibiotics produced by a streptomycete. The producing strain was taxonomically studied and named Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus. Cobaltous compounds were necessary for production of the antibiotics. C-19393 S2 and H2 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities with C-19393 H2 being 8 approximately 120 times more active than C-19393 S2. They also exhibited beta-lactamase-inhibiting activities and acted synergistically with ampicillin and cefotiam against clinical isolates resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Formation of a functional endothelium on vascular grafts (1991)

The lack of a functional endothelial cell lining on artificial polymeric vascular grafts severely reduces their effectiveness in replacing small caliber (less than 6 mm) blood vessels. Techniques have now been developed to transplant autologous endothelial cells from one site in the body onto the surface of grafts prior to implantation. Pre-clinical animal trials provide evidence that grafts sodded with autologous, fat-derived, microvessel endothelial cells exhibit a stable, antithrombogenic lining of endothelium. The new endothelial cell lining exhibits morphologies identical with endothelium on native blood vessels. The effectiveness of endothelial cell sodding techniques in pre-clinical animal trials provides support for expanded clinical trials.
Automated Analysis of Intima‐Media Thickness (2013)

We have developed an improved fully automated technique for carotid IMT measurement on longitudinal ultrasound images. This new version, called CARES 3.0, consists of a new heuristic for lumen-intima and media-adventitia detection, which showed high accuracy and reproducibility for IMT measurement.
Optical whispering gallery mode resonators with Q > 1011 and F > 107 (2007)

We show that a proper thermal annealing leads to a significant increase of the quality factors of crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators. We have demonstrated a fluoride resonator with Q exceeding 1011 using the method.
Vascularized tissue engineering of vital organs: design, modeling and functional testing (2003)

We report engineering of vascularized tissue constructs for the replacement of vital organ function. A computational algorithm for simulation of blood flow and rheology in microcirculation is developed and utilized to design fractal microvascular networks that mimic the key features of vital organ's blood supply. Using microfabrication/polymer processing technologies, these designed microvascular networks are replica molded to generate patterned biopolymer films, which are then stacked to form alternating vascular and parenchymal compartments. As our preliminary functional tests demonstrate, this approach is promising to produce viable liver and kidney tissues.
Random number generation based on digital differential chaos (2011)

In this paper, we present a fully digital differential chaos based random number generator. The output of the digital circuit is proved to be chaotic by calculating the output time series maximum Lyapunov exponent. We introduce a new post processing technique to improve the distribution and statistical properties of the generated data. The post-processed output passes the NIST Sp. 800-22 statistical tests. The system is written in Verilog VHDL and realized on Xilinx Virtex <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> FPGA. The generator can fit into a very small area and have a maximum throughput of 2.1 Gb/s.
Enhancement of fracture toughness in nanostructured diamond–SiC composites (2004)

We synthesized diamond–SiC nanocomposites with superhardness and greatly enhanced fracture toughness through a synthetic approach based on high-energy ball milling to form amorphous Si precursors followed by rapid reactive sintering at high pressure (P) and high temperature (T). We show how the simultaneous P–T application allows for better control of the reactive sintering of a nanocrystalline SiC matrix in which diamond crystals are embedded. The measured fracture toughness KIC of the synthesized composites has been enhanced greatly, as much as 50% from 8.2 to 12.0 MPa m1/2, as the crystal size of the SiC matrix decreases from 10 μm to 20 nm. Our result contradicts a commonly held belief of an inverse correlation between hardness and fracture toughness. We demonstrate the importance of nanostructure for the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite materials.
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Industrial Wastes (1992)

Environmental and economic concerns necessitate the recovery of the heavy and valuable metals present in industrial processing wastes. Fundamental chemical principles were used in the development of a process for the separation and recovery of the variety of metals present in the residues from tungsten ore processing plants. Such ore tailings typically contain residual W and small quantities of Co, Cr, Nb, Ni, Pb, Ta, Th, Zn, lanthanides, and Sc in a matrix of Fe and Mn oxides. The emphasis of this separation path was the early, selective, and quantitative recovery of scandium which is present in concentrations of about 500 ppm. This was accomplished by acid leaching of the waste material in the presence of a reductant and passing the pH-adjusted leachate through a column of a complexing ion exchange resin. The column raffinate was then treated sequentially to separate and recover the other metals. Tungsten, Nb, and Ta were recovered from the solid leaching residue.
Neural network based motor bearing fault detection (2004)

Bearing faults are the biggest single cause of motor failures. The bearing defects induce vibration resulting in the modulation of the stator current. The stator current can be analyzed via wavelet packet decomposition to detect bearing defects. This method enables the analysis of frequency bands that can accommodate the rotational speed dependence of the bearing defect frequencies. In this study, radial basis function neural networks are used to improve bearing fault detection procedure.
Improved HEVC lossless compression using two-stage coding with sub-frame level optimal quantization values (2014)

Lossless video coding is used when perfect preservation of video data is required. In HEVC, lossless coding is accomplished by bypassing the transform and quantization stages. Prediction residuals are coded with the entropy coder in the spatial domain. In this paper, two-stage coding with sub-frame adaptive quantization is proposed. The DCT is firstly applied to the prediction residuals and the DCT coefficients are quantized. The quantized DCT coefficients and the quantization error are coded. Adaptive quantization parameters are used for each Coding Unit. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the HEVC lossless coding.
Rare-earth-doped glass fibers as infrared sources for IRSS (1998)

We report on the characteristics of rare earth doped chalcogenide glasses and their applicability as sources for IR scene simulation (IRSS). The characteristics of Pr<sup>3+</sup>- doped chalcogenide glass fiber sources and arrays operating in the MWIR region between 3 - 5 micrometer are reported. Rare earth doped chalcogenide glasses for LWIR sources are also discussed.
The virtual cinematographer (1996)

This paper presents a paradigm for automatically generating complete camera specifications for capturing events in virtual 3D environments in real-time. We describe a fully implemented system, called the Virtual Cinematographer, and demonstrate its application in a virtual "party" setting. Cinematographic expertise, in the form of film idioms, is encoded as a set of small hierarchically organized finite state machines. Each idiom is responsible for capturing a particular type of scene, such as three virtual actors conversing or one actor moving across the environment. The idiom selects shot types and the timing of transitions between shots to best communicate events as they unfold. A set of camera modules, shared by the idioms, is responsible for the low-level geometric placement of specific cameras for each shot. The camera modules are also responsible for making subtle changes in the virtual actors' positions to best frame each shot. In this paper, we discuss some basic heuristics of filmmaking and show how these ideas are encoded in the Virtual Cinematographer.
Creation of a Broad-Range and Highly Stereoselective<scp>d</scp>-Amino Acid Dehydrogenase for the One-Step Synthesis of<scp>d</scp>-Amino Acids (2006)

Using both rational and random mutagenesis, we have created the first known broad substrate range, nicotinamide cofactor dependent, and highly stereoselective d-amino acid dehydrogenase. This new enzyme is capable of producing d-amino acids via the reductive amination of the corresponding 2-keto acid with ammonia. This biocatalyst was the result of three rounds of mutagenesis and screening performed on the enzyme meso-diaminopimelate d-dehydrogenase. The first round targeted the active site of the wild-type enzyme and produced mutants that were no longer strictly dependent on the native substrate. The second and third rounds produced mutants that had an increased substrate range including straight- and branched-aliphatic amino acids and aromatic amino acids. The very high selectivity toward the d-enantiomer (95 to >99% ee) was shown to be preserved even after the addition of the five mutations found in the three rounds of mutagenesis and screening. This new enzyme could complement and improve upon current methods for d-amino acid synthesis.
Recoil implantation of boron into silicon for ultrashallow junction formation: Modeling, fabrication, and characterization (1998)

An ion-beam mixing technique is used to fabricate ultrashallow p+/n junctions. In this method, a thin boron layer is first sputter deposited onto the Si wafer surface. Then a 10–40 keV Ge ion beam or −3 kV Ar plasma source ion implantation (PSII) is used to knock the boron atoms into the Si substrate by means of ion-beam mixing. For the thin (0.7 nm) boron layers used in this effort, a selective etch for the removal of boron is unnecessary. Sub-100 nm p+/n junctions have been realized with this method. Numerical simulations, performed to predict the recoiled boron profiles, show good agreement between the simulated and measured data.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of a human rotavirus (strain K8) which has unique VP4 neutralization epitopes (1989)

In our previous study (K. Taniguchi, Y. Morita, T. Urasawa, and S. Urasawa, J. Virol. 62:2421-2426, 1987) in which the cross-reactive neutralization epitopes on VP4 of human rotaviruses were analyzed, one strain, K8, was found to bear unique VP4 neutralization epitopes. This strain, which belongs to subgroup II and serotype 1, was not neutralized by any of six anti-VP4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which reacted with human rotavirus strains of serotypes 1, 3, and 4 or serotypes 1 through 4. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of strain K8 by primer extension. The VP4 gene is 2,359 base pairs in length, with 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 9 and 25 nucleotides, respectively. The gene contains a long open reading frame of 2,325 bases capable of coding for a protein of 775 amino acids. When compared with those of other human rotaviruses, VP4 of strain K8 had an insertion of one amino acid after residue 135, as found in simian rotavirus strains, and in addition, it had a deletion of one amino acid (residue 575). The amino acid homology of VP4 of strain K8 and those of other virulent human rotaviruses was only 60 to 70%. This was unusual, since over 90% VP4 homology has been found among the other virulent human rotavirus strains. In contrast, the VP7 amino acid sequence of the K8 strain was quite similar (over 98% homology) to those of other serotype 1 human rotaviruses. Thus, the K8 strain appears to have a unique VP4 gene previously not described.
Extracting Names from Natural-Language Text (2000)

: We describe Nominator, a module we developed to extract proper names from natural language text, which is currently being integrated into IBM products and services. Using fast and robust heuristics, Nominator locates names in text, determines what type of entity they refer to -- such as person, place or organization -- and groups together all the variant names that refer to the same entity. For example, &quot;President Clinton&quot;, &quot;Mr. Clinton&quot; and &quot;Bill Clinton&quot; are grouped as referring to the same person. Each group is assigned a &quot;canonical name&quot;, (e.g., &quot;Bill Clinton&quot;) to distinguish it from other groups referring to other entities (&quot;Clinton, New Jersey&quot;). Nominator produces a dictionary, or database, of names associated with a collection of documents. vi Extracting Names from Natural-Language Text TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 1: Some principles and assumptions . . . . . . ....
Juggling the Effects of Latency: Motion Prediction Approaches to Reducing Latency in Dynamic Projector-Camera Systems (2015)

Projector-camera (pro-cam) systems afford a wide range of interactive possibilities, combining both natural and mixed-reality 3D interaction. However, the latency inherent within these systems can cause the projection to ‘slip’ from its intended target, detracting from the overall experience. Because of this, pro-cam systems have typically shied away from truly dynamic scenarios. In turn, research has been exploring latency reduction techniques across a range of domains, but these techniques typically focus on custom hardware, limiting their widespread adoption. We explore software-only predictive approaches to minimize the effects of latency in pro-cam systems. In this paper, we focus our predictive approaches on realworld objects under fast motion and on-body projection, improving projection accuracy on fast moving targets. Alongside this we explore automatic latency measurement techniques, allowing our system to determine and account for its own latency. We detail predictive approaches and provide results of a series of empirical investigations; achieving a 37% improvement in projection accuracy on objects in free flight (at speeds approaching 5m/s), and a 43% improvement in on body projection (with movement circa 1.5m/s). Through our work we aim to facilitate the wider exploration of pro-cam systems for 3D interaction in dynamic settings and showcase the accuracy achievable with off-the-shelf hardware. Author
Development of a Zero Rate Evaporation Cryogenic System for 200 MeV Proton Cyclotron (2019)

Based on the collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China)-JINR (Dubna, Russia) for proton therapy, a 200-MeV compact superconducting proton cyclotron project (SC-200 project) has been launched at ASIPP. The superconducting coil of the main magnet system for cyclotron is cooled by liquid helium. A zero rate evaporation cryogenic system has been designed and tested for the main superconducting magnet system. Three GM-cry coolers (40 W at 50 K, 1.5 W at 4.2 K) were worked as the cold source to cooling the thermal shield, a pair of high-temperature superconducting current leads (HTSCL) and liquid helium container. The test results show that the thermal shield and HTSCL can be cooler lower than 77 K, the heat load of the cryogenic system is less than 2.8 W. The detail design of the cryogenic system and test process will be described in the paper.