gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative blood flow measurement in rat brain with multiphase arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (2018)

Cerebral blood flow is an important parameter in many diseases and functional studies that can be accurately measured in humans using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. However, although rat models are frequently used for preclinical studies of both human disease and brain function, rat CBF measurements show poor consistency between studies. This lack of reproducibility is due, partly, to the smaller size and differing head geometry of rats compared to humans, as well as the differing analysis methodologies employed and higher field strengths used for preclinical MRI. To address these issues, we have implemented, optimised and validated a multiphase pseudo-continuous ASL technique, which overcomes many of the limitations of rat CBF measurement. Three rat strains (Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Berlin Druckrey IX) were used, and CBF values validated against gold-standard autoradiography measurements. Label positioning was found to be optimal at 45°, while post-label delay was optimised to 0.55 s. Whole brain CBF measures were 109 ± 22, 111 ± 18 and 100 ± 15 mL/100 g/min by multiphase pCASL, and 108 ± 12, 116 ± 14 and 122 ± 16 mL/100 g/min by autoradiography in Wistar, SD and BDIX cohorts, respectively. Tumour model analysis shows that the developed methods also apply in disease states. Thus, optimised multiphase pCASL provides robust, reproducible and non-invasive measurement of CBF in rats.
Ultrasound-triggered local anaesthesia (2017)

On-demand relief of local pain would allow patients to control the timing, intensity and duration of nerve blocks in a safe and non-invasive manner. Ultrasound would be a suitable trigger for such a system, as it is in common clinical use and can penetrate deeply into the body. Here, we demonstrate that ultrasound-triggered delivery of an anaesthetic from liposomes allows the timing, intensity and duration of nerve blocks to be controlled by ultrasound parameters. On insonation, the encapsulated sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX produced reactive oxygen species that reacted with the liposomal membrane, leading to the release of the potent local anaesthetic tetrodotoxin. Repeatable ultrasound-triggered nerve blocks were achieved in vivo, with the nerve-block duration depending on the extent and intensity of insonation. There was no detectable systemic toxicity and tissue reaction was benign in all groups. On-demand, personalized local anaesthesia could be beneficial for the management of relatively localized pain states and could potentially minimize opioid use.
Keyword spotting in poorly printed documents using pseudo 2-D hidden Markov models (1994)

An algorithm for robust machine recognition of keywords embedded in a poorly printed document is presented. For each keyword, two statistical models, called pseudo 2-D hidden Markov models, are created for representing the actual keyword and all the other extraneous words, respectively. Dynamic programming is then used for matching an unknown input word with the two models and for making a maximum likelihood decision. Although the models are pseudo 2-D in the sense that they are not fully connected 2-D networks, they are shown to be general enough in characterizing printed words efficiently. These models facilitate a nice "elastic matching" property in both horizontal and vertical directions, which makes the recognizer not only independent of size and slant but also tolerant of highly deformed and noisy words. The system is evaluated on a synthetically created database that contains about 26000 words. Currently, the authors achieve a recognition accuracy of 99% when words in testing and training sets are of the same font size, and 96% when they are in different sizes. In the latter case, the conventional 1-D HMM achieves only a 70% accuracy rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite element method and normal mode modeling of capacitive micromachined SAW and Lamb wave transducers (2002)

Surface wave and Lamb wave devices without piezoelectricity are the latest breakthrough applications of the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). CMUTs were introduced for airborne and immersion applications. However, experiments showed that those devices couple energy not only to the medium but also to the substrate they are built on. By placing the CMUTs on a substrate in an interdigitated configuration, it is possible to couple energy to Lamb wave or Rayleigh wave modes with very high efficiency without a need for any piezoelectric material. In this study, we calculate the acoustic field distribution in a silicon substrate as well as the acoustic impedance of the CMUT membrane, which includes the power coupled to the substrate. We apply the normal mode theory to find the distribution of the acoustic power among different Lamb wave modes. For low frequency (1 MHz) devices, we find that the lowest order antisymmetric (A/sub 0/) mode Lamb wave is the dominant mode in the substrate, and 95% of the power propagates through this mode. For high frequency devices (100 MHz), interdigital CMUTs excite Rayleigh waves with efficiencies comparable to piezoelectric surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.
VEGF-B selectively regenerates injured peripheral neurons and restores sensory and trophic functions (2014)

VEGF-B primarily provides neuroprotection and improves survival in CNS-derived neurons. However, its actions on the peripheral nervous system have been less characterized. We examined whether VEGF-B mediates peripheral nerve repair. We found that VEGF-B induced extensive neurite growth and branching in trigeminal ganglia neurons in a manner that required selective activation of transmembrane receptors and was distinct from VEGF-A-induced neuronal growth. VEGF-B-induced neurite elongation required PI3K and Notch signaling. In vivo, VEGF-B is required for normal nerve regeneration: mice lacking VEGF-B showed impaired nerve repair with concomitant impaired trophic function. VEGF-B treatment increased nerve regeneration, sensation recovery, and trophic functions of injured corneal peripheral nerves in VEGF-B-deficient and wild-type animals, without affecting uninjured nerves. These selective effects of VEGF-B on injured nerves and its lack of angiogenic activity makes VEGF-B a suitable therapeutic target to treat nerve injury.
A Highly Elastic and Rapidly Crosslinkable Elastin‐Like Polypeptide‐Based Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are promising for biomedical applications due to their unique thermoresponsive and elastic properties. ELP-based hydrogels have been produced through chemical and enzymatic crosslinking or photocrosslinking of modified ELPs. Herein, a photocrosslinked ELP gel using only canonical amino acids is presented. The inclusion of thiols from a pair of cysteine residues in the ELP sequence allows disulfide bond formation upon exposure to UV light, leading to the formation of a highly elastic hydrogel. The physical properties of the resulting hydrogel such as mechanical properties and swelling behavior can be easily tuned by controlling ELP concentrations. The biocompatibility of the engineered ELP hydrogels is shown in vitro as well as corroborated in vivo with subcutaneous implantation of hydrogels in rats. ELP constructs demonstrate long-term structural stability in vivo, and early and progressive host integration with no immune response, suggesting their potential for supporting wound repair. Ultimately, functionalized ELPs demonstrate the ability to function as an in vivo hemostatic material over bleeding wounds.
The Human Bitter Taste Receptor hTAS2R50 Is Activated by the Two Natural Bitter Terpenoids Andrographolide and Amarogentin (2009)

Bitterness perception in mammals is mediated through activation of dedicated bitter taste receptors located in the oral cavity. Genomic analyses revealed the existence of orthologous mammalian bitter taste receptor genes, which presumably recognize the same compounds in different species, as well as species-specific receptor gene expansions believed to fulfill a critical role during evolution. In man, 8 of the 25 bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs) are closely related members of such an expanded subfamily of receptor genes. This study identified two natural bitter terpenoids, andrographolide and amarogentin, that are agonists for the orphan receptor hTAS2R50, the most distant member of the subfamily. This paper presents the pharmacological characterization of this receptor and analyzes its functional relationship with the previously deorphaned hTAS2R43, hTAS2R44, hTAS2R46, and hTAS2R47. Insights into the general breadth of tuning, functional redundancies, and relationships between pharmacological activation patterns and amino acid homologies for this receptor subfamily are presented.
Hydrothermal Stability of One-Dimensional Pore ZSM-22 Zeolite in Hot Water (2016)

The hydrothermal stability of 1-D medium pore zeolites ZSM-22 with different nominal Si/Al ratios (30, 46, 80, and 100) was investigated in hot liquid water environments at different temperatures (100, 150, 200, and 250 °C) and different exposure times (6, 12, 36, 72, and 144 h). The changes in the zeolite structure, phase transformation, and textural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, 27Al and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, IR spectra, and X-ray fluorescence. After the treatment in a hot water environment, TON framework suffered from desilication (silicon extraction), phase transformation, and crystallinity change. The degree of desilication via siloxane hydrolysis is dependent on the treatment time and temperature. At high temperature (250 °C), severe desilication, textural properties degradation, and formation of extra-framework Al species (EFAL) were observed. This formed EFAL worked as a covering layer protecting the venerable Si bonds and mitigated further leaching of Si species from TON framework with time progress. On the contrary, selective removal of Si species at temperatures lower than 250 °C was observed without the appearance of EFAL.
Superconducting High-Order Cascaded Lowpass Sigma-Delta Modulator (2005)

We propose a superconducting high-order cascaded lowpass sigma-delta modulator. The second-order cascaded modulator consists of two single-loop modulators. A part of an integrating inductor of the first-stage modulator forms a primary coil of a transformer. The secondary coil of the transformer forms an integrating inductor of the second-stage modulator. Output of the first integrator is thus magnetically fed to the second integrator through the transformer. Digital outputs from both modulators are input to a delay and a digital differentiator. The quantization noise of the first-stage modulator is canceled by choosing proper transfer functions for the delay and differentiator. This cascaded type modulator eliminates the difficulty of designing a feedback driver in a double-loop type modulator. Analytical calculation of the transfer function showed that the signal-to-noise ratio is comparable to an ideal second-order lowpass sigma-delta modulator at a given sampling frequency.
Development of a system for MRI-guided thermal therapy of prostate disease with transurethral ultrasound heating applicators (Invited Paper) (2005)

A system for performing MRI-guided transurethral prostate thermal therapy has been developed. Ultrasound energy is delivered from a multi-element heating applicator incorporating single or dual-frequency planar transducers. The heating applicators produce a directional heating pattern, and have the capability to generate an arbitrary three-dimensional thermal damage pattern in tissue. The delivery system includes five independent channels, each capable of producing up to 50W of RF power. An MRI-compatible motor has also been developed to control the rotation of the heating applicator inside the bore of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. The capability to perform quantitative thermometry during heating with these heating applicators has been evaluated in a thermal gel material (TGM) developed in our lab with tissue-mimicking ultrasound and thermal properties.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TWO SCRUB TYPHUS OUTBREAKS AT CAMP FUJI, JAPAN IN 2000 AND 2001 BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, RAPID FLOW ASSAY, AND WESTERN BLOT ASSAY USING OUTER MEMBRANE 56-KD RECOMBINANT PROTEINS (2003)

Two scrub typhus outbreaks occurred among U.S. Marines training at Camp Fuji, Japan, between October 25 and November 3, 2000 and October 17 and November 30, 2001. Nine cases in approximately 800 Marines in 2000 and eight cases in approximately 900 Marines in 2001 (approximate attack rates = 1.1% and 0.9%, respectively) reported with signs and symptoms of fever, rash, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and eschar. Serologies and rapid response to doxycycline treatment indicated they had scrub typhus. Sixty-four convalescent serum samples (18 suspected cases and 46 negative controls) from U.S. Marines training at Camp Fuji during the outbreaks were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rapid flow assay (RFA), and Western blot assay for evidence of infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. All but one suspected case had serologic evidence of scrub typhus and all 46 control sera were non-reactive to O. tsutsugamushi antigens. The recombinant 56-kD antigen (r56) from the Karp, Kato and Gilliam strains of O. tsutsugamushi in an ELISA format provided better results than Karp r56 alone (ELISA and RFA) or whole cell antigen preparation from Karp, Kato and Gilliam (ELISA).
Simplified backside-contact solar cells (1990)

Experimental and modeling results for a family of simplified backside-contact designs are presented. This simplification hinges upon the demonstration of a self-aligned metalization technique as well as an optimization of heavily doped, compensated regions in the solar cell. The resulting devices can be fabricated without mask alignment and require as few as one mask. A 10.5 cm/sup 2/ one-sun cell that achieves 21.9% efficiency is presented as an example of the potential for these device designs. Prospective performance for concentrator cells of this type is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A low-voltage silicon bipolar RF front-end for PCN receiver applications (2002)

Monolithic microstrip transformers are used to perform the coupling and phase-splitting functions in a bipolar low-noise amplifier and mixer designed for 1.9GHz wireless receiver applications. These circuits are fabricated in a production 0.8/spl mu/m BiCMOS process with a transistor transit frequency of 11GHz. Using reactive feedback and coupling elements in place of resistors significantly improves the noise figure through the reduction of resistor thermal noise, and also allows both the low-noise amplifier and the mixer to operate at supply voltages below 2V.
DC electrical conduction and morphological behavior of counter anion‐governed genesis of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole films (2011)

Abstract Highly conducting polypyrrole (PPY) films, doped with various anions [pTS − , ClO 4 − , and NO 3 − and mixed electrolyte system (pTS − + ClO 4 − )], have been electrochemically synthesized in aqueous solution at ∼275 K in an inert atmosphere. PPY exhibits metallic order dc conductivity at room temperature and shows variation of conductivity with respect to time of polymerization. Effect of dopant anion on growth mechanism of PPY is evident from its surface morphology. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), used to examine the surface composition and doping level of various PPY films, confirms the anionic doping into the polymer backbone. Both XPS and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy give evidence of formation of polarons and bipolarons. The temperature (4.2–320 K)‐dependent dc conductivity data of these PPY films have been explained by Mott's 3D variable‐range hopping conduction model. Mott's parameters have been estimated, and structural disorder with doping is correlated for all the samples. Mott's criterion for distant hopping sites prevails in case of moderately doped samples (PPY3, PPY4, and PPY5), whereas the hopping to nearest neighbor sites is found more suitable in case of highly doped samples (PPY1 and PPY2). The origin of these changes is due to the modification in the molecular structure of PPY, which is governed by different growth mechanisms for organic (pTS − ) and inorganic (ClO 4 − and NO 3 − ) counter anions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Miniature underwater bore hole inspection apparatus. [visual inspection] (1976)

A miniature submergible inspection device is provided for the visual inspection and survey of the strata of dry or water-filled bore holes providing data for video display or recording at the earth's surface and controllable therefrom. Adapted for reversing azimuth scan of the bore hole surface, the raster scan generates a display presented to the operator that does not rotate with the scanning of the surface and that is always upright.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkane Functionalization on a Preparative Scale by Mercury Photosensitization. (1987)

Abstract Cyclohexane (I) reacts with methanol (IIa) or the trioxane (IIb) or the silane (IIc) under irradiation in the presence of mercury to yield the cross‐dimerization products (IV), together with the homodimers (III) and (V).
Tunable magnetostatic surface-wave-oscillators (1978)

A tunable S-band delay line oscillator using magnetostatic surface-waves is described in this paper. This oscillator is made of two monolithic magnetostatic surface wave delay lines in the feedback loop of a solid-state amplifier. Experimental data are presented. This device is compared to an oscillator using only one delay line and multibar parallel - strip transducers in order to select an oscillating single mode.
XML data mediator integrated solution for xml roundtrip from xml to relational (2004)

This paper presents a system for efficient data transformations between XML and relational databases, called XML Data Mediator (XDM). XDM enables the transformation by externalizing the specification of the mapping in a script and using an efficient run-time engine that automates the conversion task. The runtime engine is independent from the mapping script. A parser converts a mapping script into an internal conversion object. For the mapping from relational to XML, we use a tagging tree as a conversion object inside the runtime engine, and use an SQL outer-join scheme to combine multiple SQL queries in order to reduce the number of backend relational database accesses. For the mapping from XML to relational, the conversion object is a shredding tree, and we use an innovative algorithm to process the XML as a stream in order to achieve linear complexity with respect to the size of the XML document.
Quantification of aircraft trajectory prediction uncertainty using polynomial chaos expansions (2017)

A novel approach to quantify the uncertainty associated with any aircraft trajectory prediction based on the application of the Polynomial Chaos (PC) theory is presented. The proposed method relies on univariate polynomial descriptions of the uncertainty sources affecting the trajectory prediction process. Those descriptions are used to build the multivariate polynomial expansions that represent the variability of the aircraft state variables along the predicted trajectory. A case study compares the results obtained by a classical Monte Carlo approach with those generated by applying the so-called arbitrary Polynomial Chaos Expansions (aPCE). The results provided herein lead to conclude that this new methodology can be used to accurately quantify trajectory prediction uncertainty with a very low computational effort, enabling the capability of computing the uncertainty of the individual trajectories of a traffic sample of thousands flights within very short time intervals.
Profiling Java applications using code hotswapping and dynamic call graph revelation (2004)

Instrumentation-based profiling has many advantages and one serious disadvantage: usually high performance overhead. This overhead can be substantially reduced if only a small part of the target application (for example, one that has previously been identified as a performance bottleneck) is instrumented, while the rest of the application code continues to run at full speed. The value of such a profiling technology would increase further if the code could be instrumented and de-instrumented as many times as needed at run time.In this paper we present an experimental profiling system called JFluid, which includes a modified Java™ VM and a GUI tool, and addresses both of the above issues. Our tool supports instrumentation of a group of methods defined as an arbitrary "root" method plus all methods that it calls (a call subgraph). It appears that static determination of all methods in a call subgraph is difficult in presence of virtual methods, bug fortunately, with dynamic code hotswapping available, two schemes of dynamic call subgraph revelation and instrumentation can be suggested. Measurements that we obtained when performing full and partial program profiling using both schemes show that the overhead can be reduced substantially using this technique, and that one of the schemes generally results in a smaller number of instrumented methods and better performance. Furthermore, we observe that our approach generally works much better for large (for example, J2EE and Web) applications, than for small benchmarks.
Low Thermal Conductivity in Garnets (1997)

The thermal conductivity of dense, polycrystalline garnet ceramics with compositions of Y 3 Al x Fe (5−x) O 12 (x = 0.0, 0.7, 1.4, and 5.0) was measured in the temperature range 23° to 1000°C. The high‐temperature thermal conductivity of some of these garnets was found to be as low as 2.4 W·m ‐1 K ‐1 . The effects of temperature and composition on the observed thermal conductivity are discussed with reference to established theories of thermal conduction. The potential use of yttrium aluminum garnet or YAG (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ), in particular, for a specific application of advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with improved durability is considered.
Dual band compact CRLH antenna for mobile application (2009)

In this paper, we presented a compact CRLH antenna which consists of an LH line and an RH line which have different frequencies. Thus dual band operation is possible, and the frequencies can be easily changed by altering LH or RH line parameters. Impedance matching can be adjusted using the stub length. Because of its small size, printed form, dual band operation, this antenna can be utilized in mobile applications that require various frequency ranges.
Stable patients with schizophrenia switched to paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly formulation in a naturalistic setting: impact of patient age and disease duration on outcomes (2020)

NCT02713282.
Optimistic validation of electronic tickets (2002)

Electronic tickets, or e-tickets, give evidence that their holders have permission to enter a place of entertainment, use a means of transportation, or have access to some Internet services. E-tickets can be stored in desktop computers or personal digital assistants for future use. Before being used, e-tickets have to be validated to prevent duplication, and ensure authenticity and integrity. The paper discusses e-ticket validation in contexts in which users cannot be trusted and validation servers may fail by crashing. The paper considers formal definitions for the e-ticket problem and proposes an optimistic protocol for validation of e-tickets. The protocol is optimistic in the sense that its best performance is achieved when e-tickets are validated only once.