gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous piezoelectric noninvasive detection of multiple vital signs (2020)

The monitoring of vital signs plays a key role in the diagnosis of several diseases. Piezoelectric sensors have been utilized to collect a corresponding representative signal from the chest surface. The subject typically needs to hold his or her breath to eliminate the respiration effect. This work further contributes to the extraction of the corresponding representative vital signs directly from the measured respiration signal. The contraction and expansion of the heart muscles, as well as the respiration activities, will induce a mechanical vibration across the chest wall. The induced vibration is then captured by the piezoelectric sensor placed at the chest surface, which produces an electrical output voltage signal conformally mapped with the respiration-cardiac activities. During breathing, the measured voltage signal is composed of the cardiac cycle activities modulated along with the respiratory cycle activity. A representative model that incorporates the cardiac and respiratory activities is developed and adopted. The piezoelectric and the convolution theories along with Fourier transformation are applied to extract the corresponding cardiac activity signal from the respiration signal. All the results were validated step by step by a conventional apparatus, with good agreement observed.
Clinical PET of Neuroendocrine Tumors Using<sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTATATE: First-in-Humans Study (2012)

This first-in-humans study supports the clinical use of (64)Cu-DOTATATE for SRI with excellent imaging quality, reduced radiation burden, and increased lesion detection rate when compared with (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-octreotide.
2D Pupil Expansion in Plastic Curved Holographic Waveguide Combiner for AR/HUD (2022)

Waveguide combiners for head up display (HUD) and augmented reality (AR) have the unique advantage to decouple the field of view from the eye box size thanks to pupil replication. However, in order for the image to propagate without aberration in the waveguide, its surfaces have been kept flat and parallel. Here we are presenting a curved waveguide with 2D pupil replication that takes advantage of holographic optical elements for light injection, redirection, and extraction. These HOEs have been designed to compensate for any propagation aberration, so that the extracted image is clear to the viewer. Both ray tracing model and early experimental demonstrator are discussed.
Space deployable truss structure design (1981)

The development status of the deployable box truss structure is summarized. Potential applications for this structural system are described. Structural and component design requirements derived from these applications are discussed. Components of prototype 4.6 m cubes which incorporate graphite/epoxy structural members, fittings, and mechanisms are described. The benefits of the component designs and their respective manufacturing processes are presented.
Ultra-Wideband Harmonic Radar for Locating Radio-Frequency Electronics (2015)

This report describes a type of nonlinear radar that detects and locates nonlinear (electronic) targets using ultra-wideband transmission and harmonic reception. Data are presented for a successful test of an experimental harmonic radar at transmit frequencies between 700 and 900 MHz and an output power of 2 W. Detection is accomplished by measuring a signal reflected from the target at double the transmit frequency. Ranging is accomplished by sweeping the transmit frequencies across an ultrawide bandwidth, capturing the amplitude and phase of the harmonic return signal, and computing an inverse Fourier transform of the wideband harmonic response. Detection and ranging of 3 nonlinear targets are demonstrated at standoff distances of 6 and 12 ft. 15.
A CLLC-compensated high power and large air-gap capacitive power transfer system for electric vehicle charging applications (2016)

This paper proposes a CLLC-compensated capacitive power transfer system for electric vehicle charging applications. Four metal plates are utilized to form two capacitors to transfer power through an air-gap distance of 150 mm. The CLLC compensation circuit topology is used on both the primary and secondary sides to resonate with the power transmitting capacitors. The resonance provides high voltage on the plates to increase the system power level. A comparison to the previously proposed LCLC circuit topology is also presented, which shows that the resonance inductance can be reduced. The circuit model of the coupling plates is provided and the capacitance variation with differing misalignments and air-gap distances is also analyzed. A 2.9kW input power CPT system with a CLLC compensation circuit is designed and implemented. The experimental prototype operates at 1MHz, and its dc to dc efficiency is 89.3% at 2.57 kW output power and a 150 mm air gap distance, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed CLLC compensation circuit. In the future, the system will be optimized to increase its efficiency.
FlatFlash: Exploiting the Byte-Accessibility of SSDs within a Unified Memory-Storage Hierarchy (2019)

Using flash-based solid state drives (SSDs) as main memory has been proposed as a practical solution towards scaling memory capacity for data-intensive applications. However, almost all existing approaches rely on the paging mechanism to move data between SSDs and host DRAM. This inevitably incurs significant performance overhead and extra I/O traffic. Thanks to the byte-addressability supported by the PCIe interconnect and the internal memory in SSD controllers, it is feasible to access SSDs in both byte and block granularity today. Exploiting the benefits of SSD's byte-accessibility in today's memory-storage hierarchy is, however, challenging as it lacks systems support and abstractions for programs. In this paper, we present FlatFlash, an optimized unified memory-storage hierarchy, to efficiently use byte-addressable SSD as part of the main memory. We extend the virtual memory management to provide a unified memory interface so that programs can access data across SSD and DRAM in byte granularity seamlessly. We propose a lightweight, adaptive page promotion mechanism between SSD and DRAM to gain benefits from both the byte-addressable large SSD and fast DRAM concurrently and transparently, while avoiding unnecessary page movements. Furthermore, we propose an abstraction of byte-granular data persistence to exploit the persistence nature of SSDs, upon which we rethink the design primitives of crash consistency of several representative software systems that require data persistence, such as file systems and databases. Our evaluation with a variety of applications demonstrates that, compared to the current unified memory-storage systems, FlatFlash improves the performance for memory-intensive applications by up to 2.3x, reduces the tail latency for latency-critical applications by up to 2.8x, scales the throughput for transactional database by up to 3.0x, and decreases the meta-data persistence overhead for file systems by up to 18.9x. FlatFlash also improves the cost-effectiveness by up to 3.8x compared to DRAM-only systems, while enhancing the SSD lifetime significantly.
Recent progress in dispersion-based photonic beamforming (2002)

The use of dispersion-based techniques for beamforming applications has shown much potential. Investigations are now proceeding to address some of the more practical issues aimed at making the technique viable for "real-world" systems. These issues include the temperature stability and time-delay resolution of the beamformer. The use of chirped fiber gratings alleviates many of the issues with fiber-based dispersion techniques. Another critical issue is the performance and control of the tunable laser source. It was shown that by periodically monitoring a few wavelengths, that the aging characteristics of all laser wavelengths may be compensated simultaneously. Other issues which were not discussed but will be presented include the phase and amplitude stability of the fiber-optic remoting cable, component wavelength flatness, RIN issues and modulator bias stability. Recent demonstrations of a fiber-grating receive beamformer and a simplified, reconfigurable array architecture indicate that many of the practical issues are being addressed.
Heterogeneous III&#x2013;V/Silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits (2008)

III–V/Silicon-on-insulator photonics comprises the heterogeneous integration of a III–V layer on top of an SOI waveguide circuit. We elaborate on the fabrication technology and the realization of III–V/SOI photonic integrated circuits.
Inoculum Rate Influences Selection for Field Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in the Greenhouse (2001)

Effective selection of field resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines ( Fsg ) (Roy, 1997), measured by disease index (DX), requires multiple environments. Current greenhouse assays reduce genotype × environment interactions, but fail to predict field resistance. Our objective was to compare selection for field resistance to SDS in the greenhouse among recombinant inbred lines (RILs) inoculated with Fsg at three rates. Thirty soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] RILs with characterized field resistance to SDS were evaluated in the greenhouse for scorch severity at three inoculum rates in four experiments. Ten cultivars with characterized field resistance were compared using disease severity (DS) readings from one experiment at one inoculum rate. The heritability of DS among RILs in the greenhouse was 46% at the low, 66% at the moderate, and 37% at the high inoculum rates. Reduced inoculum rates in the greenhouse (3500 to 5000 spores cm −3 plant growth medium) provided DS values that explained ≈65% of variation in the field Using a Fsg inoculum rate of 5000 spores cm −3 plant growth medium and greenhouse midparent DS as criterion for selection, the number of lines potentially resistant to SDS within a segregating population could be reduced by 53%. Errors caused ≈10% of field resistant lines to be eliminated. Among unrelated soybean cultivars, greenhouse DS values from an inoculum rate of 4000 spores cm −3 plant growth medium explained 81 and 73% of variations in field DS and DX, respectively. Therefore, the method is an effective tool for inheritance studies and cultivar evaluation for SDS.
Novel MicroRNA Regulators of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Production (2016)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has a central role in regulating blood pressure in humans. Recently, microRNA 425 (miR-425) was found to regulate ANP production by binding to the mRNA of NPPA, the gene encoding ANP. mRNAs typically contain multiple predicted microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites, and binding of different miRNAs may independently or coordinately regulate the expression of any given mRNA. We used a multifaceted screening strategy that integrates bioinformatics, next-generation sequencing data, human genetic association data, and cellular models to identify additional functional NPPA-targeting miRNAs. Two novel miRNAs, miR-155 and miR-105, were found to modulate ANP production in human cardiomyocytes and target genetic variants whose minor alleles are associated with higher human plasma ANP levels. Both miR-155 and miR-105 repressed NPPA mRNA in an allele-specific manner, with the minor allele of each respective variant conferring resistance to the miRNA either by disruption of miRNA base pairing or by creation of wobble base pairing. Moreover, miR-155 enhanced the repressive effects of miR-425 on ANP production in human cardiomyocytes. Our study combines computational, genomic, and cellular tools to identify novel miRNA regulators of ANP production that could be targeted to raise ANP levels, which may have applications for the treatment of hypertension or heart failure.
Magnetic characterization of perpendicular recording media (2002)

In this paper, we describe techniques for the magnetic characterization of perpendicular recording media. Such measurements made using traditional techniques, such as the vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGFM), have to be corrected for the sample shape demagnetizing factor, which is often found not to be equal to -4/spl pi/. For measurements other than the simple hysteresis loop, such as remanence curves, this correction must be carried out in real time and we describe the method by which this can be achieved and the process for achieving the correct demagnetization of perpendicular films prior to measurements of the isothermal remanent magnetization curve. A further complication is that real perpendicular media have a soft underlayer beneath the recording layer, which swamps and confuses signals from instruments such as VSM or AGFM. Hence, we describe the construction and use of a magnetooptical Kerr effect magnetometer, which does not penetrate significantly into the soft layer and enables the perpendicular layer to be measured independently. We describe the properties of a traditional alloy perpendicular medium and a Co-Pd multilayer system, which in the latter case exhibits multiple switching behavior. We also address the issue of the effect of the soft underlayer on the coupling in similar longitudinal films and find that the presence of the underlayer induces significant additional coupling effects that may well give rise to an increase in noise in recorded signals.
Advanced nonproliferative light water reactor concept (1995)

An inescapable consequence of the uranium fuel cycle employed in commercial power reactors is the generation of large quantities of plutonium. Although this plutonium is not {open_quotes}weapons grade,{close_quotes} it does represent a significant proliferation threat. A promising advanced reactor concept is being developed that addresses these proliferation concerns and also offers a number of major advantages relative to conventional light water reactor (LWR) technology. The reactor concept is referred to as the Radkowsky Thorium Reactor (RTR) and consists of a core made up of multiple seed-blanket units (SBUs) in which the seed material is enriched with nonproliferative uranium and the blanket material is natural thorium with a small addition of nonproliferative enriched uranium. The resultant production of plutonium is an order of magnitude less than in a standard LWR. The {sup 233}U that is bred from the thorium is mostly burned in situ, and the residue is denatured by being uniformly mixed with nonfissile and highly gamma-active isotopes so that it would be impracticable to use the {sup 233}U for weapons. The RTR also appears to be well suited to the plutonium-disposition mission in that plutonium, either of weapons or reactor discharge grades, may be substituted for the enriched uraniummore » and burned at an annual rate of {approximately} 1 tonne per 1000-MW(electric) reactor without creating any significant additional quantities of new plutonium. A similar consideration holds for highly enriched uranium disposition.« less
Organic solvent‐free catalytic hydrogenation of diene‐based polymer nanoparticles in latex form. Part II. Kinetic analysis and mechanistic study (2012)

Abstract The central challenge that has limited the development of catalytic hydrogenation of diene‐based polymer latex (i.e., latex hydrogenation) in large‐scale production pertains to how to accomplish the optimal interplay of accelerating the hydrogenation rate, decreasing the required quantity of catalyst, and eliminating the need for an organic solvent. Here, we attempt to overcome this dilemma through decreasing the dimensions of the polymer substrate (such as below 20 nm) used in the hydrogenation process. Very small diene‐based polymer nanoparticles were synthesized and then used as the substrates for the subsequent latex hydrogenation. The effects of particle size, temperature, and catalyst concentration on the hydrogenation rate were fully investigated. An apparent first‐order kinetic model was proposed to describe the rate of hydrogen uptake with respect to the concentration of the olefinic substrate (CC). Mass transfer of both the hydrogen and catalyst involved in this solid (polymer)–liquid (water)–gas (hydrogen) three‐phase latex system is discussed. The competitive coordination of the catalyst between the CC and acrylonitrile units within the copolymer was elucidated. It was found that (1) using very small diene‐based polymer nanoparticles as the substrate, the hydrogenation rate of polymer latex can be increased vastly to achieve a high conversion of 95% while a quite low level of catalyst loading is required; (2) this latex hydrogenation process was completely free of organic solvent and no cross‐linking was found; (3) the mass transfer of hydrogen is not a rate‐determining step in the present hydrogenation reactions; (4) the catalyst was dispersed homogeneously within the polymer nanoparticles; (5) for the reaction that has reached about 95 mol % conversion, the kinetic study shows that the reaction is chemically controlled with an apparent activation energy of 100–110 kJ/mol; (6) the strong coordination of C[tbond]N to the catalytically active species RhH 2 Cl(PPh 3 ) 2 imposed a negative effect on the hydrogenation activity. The present research provides a comprehensive study to appreciate the underlying chemistry of latex hydrogenation of diene‐based polymer nanoparticles and more importantly shows great promise toward the commercialization of a “green” catalytic hydrogenation operation of a diene‐based polymer latex in industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Adaptive output feedback control of uncertain multi-input multi-output systems using single hidden layer neural networks (2002)

We consider adaptive output feedback control of uncertain multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems, in which both the dynamics and the dimension of the regulated plant may be unknown, but knowledge of vector relative degree is required. Given smooth reference trajectories, the problem is to design controllers that force the system measurements to track them with bounded errors. We propose a linear observer for the output tracking error vector and a single hidden layer (SHL) neural network (NN) to cancel the modelling errors. Ultimate boundedness of the error signals is shown through Lyapunov's direct method. Simulations of a fourth order two-input two-output nonlinear system illustrate the theoretical results.
Energy focusing in bubbly flows (1998)

Sonoluminescence, cavitation damage at surfaces, and cavitation in accelerating flows are realizations of spectacular levels of energy focusing in nature. In a resonant sound field a single trapped bubble of gas can focus the ambient sound energy by 12 orders of magnitude to generate a clocklike string of picosecond flashes of ultraviolet light. [Barber et al., ‘‘Defining the unknowns of sonoluminescence,’’ Phys. Rep. 281, 65 (1977)]. In more complicated geometries a high level of sound leads to the formation of hemispherical bubbles attached to an exposed surface. These bubbles also emit light and in addition damage the surface. Measurements show that the pulsation of these bubbles maintains the hemispherical symmetry [Weninger et al., ‘‘Sonoluminescence from an isolated bubble on a solid surface,’’ Phys. Rev. E 56, 6745 (1997)], thus raising the question as to whether cavitation damage is due to (micro)jets or imploding (hemispherical) shock waves. Finally, flow through a Venturi tube generates a stream of bubbles which also emit subnanosecond flashes of light [F. B. Peterson and T. P. Anderson, Phys. Fluids 10, 874 (1967)]. Luminescence from an isolated trapped bubble in water seems to work well with any noble gas, whereas luminescence from cavitating flows and surface bubbles is quite dependent on xenon [argon bubbles appear to give no light at all]. The width of the SL flash [Gompf et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1405 (1997), Hiller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1090 (1998)] has been found to be independent of wavelength suggesting that light is emitted from a new high energy phase of matter-probably a cold dense nano-plasma. The key unknowns of SL are the size and temperature of the hot spot from which the light is emitted. Experiments aimed at measuring these quantities will be discussed. [Research supported by the NSF.] a)Present address: CMS, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM. b)Present address: Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ.
Synthesis and SAR Study of T‐Type Calcium Channel Blockers. Part II (2008)

3,4-Dihydroquinazoline derivatives have been known to be the novel and potent T-type calcium channel blockers. From a systematic variation of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivative 5c (KYS05043), plausible SAR results were established. It was revealed that a 5-(dimethylamino)pentylamino group at R(1), a biphenyl group at R(2), and a benzyl amido group at R(3)in the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline backbone are closely related with the channel selectivity (T/N-type) as well as the potency based on the discovery of 6k (KYS05090).
Hysteresis Bearingless Slice Motors With Homopolar Flux-Biasing (2017)

We present a new concept of bearingless slice motor that levitates and rotates a ring-shaped solid rotor. The rotor is made of a semi-hard magnetic material exhibiting magnetic hysteresis, such as D2 steel. The rotor is radially biased with a homopolar permanent-magnetic flux, on which the stator can superimpose 2-pole flux to generate suspension forces. By regulating the suspension forces based on position feedback, the two radial rotor degrees of freedom are actively stabilized. The two tilting degrees of freedom and the axial translation are passively stable due to the reluctance forces from the bias flux. In addition, the stator can generate a torque by superimposing 6- pole rotating flux, which drags the rotor via hysteresis coupling. This 6-pole flux does not generate radial forces in conjunction with the homopolar flux or 2-pole flux, and therefore the suspension force generation is in principle decoupled from the driving torque generation. We have developed a prototype system as a proof of concept. The stator has twelve teeth, each of which has a single phase winding that is individually driven by a linear transconductance power amplifier. The system has four reflective-type optical sensors to differentially measure the two radial degrees of freedom of the rotor. The suspension control loop is implemented such that the phase margin is 25 degrees at the cross-over frequency of 110 Hz. The prototype system can levitate the rotor and drive it up to about 1730 rpm. The maximum driving torque is about 2.7 mNm.
Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Osteocytes and Osteoblasts by Calbindin-D28k (2004)

Calbindin-D28k, a natural non-oncogenic protein, could be an important target in the therapeutic intervention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
High frequency response of fiber-optic planar acoustic sensors (1991)

The frequency response of planar interferometric fiber-optic acoustic hydrophones is considered. It is shown that such sensors formed from materials whose impedance closely matches that of the fluid generally have acoustically induced acceleration effects which tend to decrease the high-frequency response for the normal incidence case. Planar sensor configurations are identified which reduce this effect, and measurements on one such configuration are presented to confirm this. Since this is achieved by reducing the response of the sensor to normal acceleration, this fiber sensor design should also be useful for other applications requiring a low acceleration response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>