gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of the dually thermoresponsive behavior of peptide‐based vesicles through modification of collagen‐like peptide domains (2019)

Materials that respond to temporally defined exogenous cues continue to be an active pursuit of research toward on-demand nanoparticle drug delivery applications, and using one or more exogenous temperature stimuli could significantly expand the application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery formulations under both hyperthermal and hypothermal conditions. Previously we have reported the development of a biocompatible and thermoresponsive elastin-<i>b</i>-collagen-like polypeptide (ELP-CLP) conjugate that is capable of self-assembling into vesicles and encapsulating small molecule therapeutics that can be delivered at different rates via a single temperature stimulus. Herein we report the evaluation of multiple ELP-CLP conjugates, demonstrating that the inverse transition temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>t</sub>) of the ELP-CLPs can be manipulated by modifying the melting temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>m</sub>) of the CLP domain, and that the overall hydrophilicity of the ELP-CLP conjugate also may alter the <i>T</i> <sub>t</sub>. Based on these design parameters, we demonstrate that the ELP-CLP sequence (VPGFG)<sub>6</sub>-(GPO)<sub>7</sub>GG can self-assemble into stable vesicles at 25°C and dissociate at elevated temperatures by means of the unfolding of the CLP domain above its <i>T</i> <sub>m</sub>. We also demonstrate here for the first time the ability of this ELP-CLP vesicle to dissociate via a hypothermic temperature stimulus by means of exploiting the inverse transition temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>t</sub>) phenomena found in ELPs. The development of design rules for manipulating the thermal properties of these bioconjugates will enable future modifications to either the ELP or CLP sequences to more finely tune the transitions of the conjugates for specific biomedical applications.
Synthesis, characterization and molecular recognition of a bis-platinum terpyridine dimer (2008)

A novel bis-platinum(II) terpyridine-based macrocycle has been quantitatively obtained by self-assembly; the Pt(II) host binds neutral planar and electron-rich aromatic guests with good selectivity in DMSO.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in postischemic rat hearts. (1993)

These results suggest that TCA cycle activity is not persistently decreased in dysfunctional reperfused myocardium after a brief ischemic episode and therefore cannot account for the reduced contractile function at that time.
Improving Hybrid Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Deciding what mix of engine and battery power to use is critical to hybrid vehicles' fuel efficiency. Current solutions consider several factors such as the charge of the battery and how efficient the engine operates at a given speed. Previous research has shown that by taking into account the future power requirements of the vehicle, a more efficient balance of engine vs. battery power can be attained. In this paper, we utilize a probabilistic driving route prediction system, trained using Inverse Reinforcement Learning, to optimize the hybrid control policy. Our approach considers routes that the driver is likely to be taking, computing an optimal mix of engine and battery power. This approach has the potential to increase vehicle power efficiency while not requiring any hardware modification or change in driver behavior. Our method outperforms a standard hybrid control policy, yielding an average of 1.22% fuel savings.
Strong Federations: An Interoperable Blockchain Solution to Centralized Third-Party Risks (2016)

Bitcoin, the first peer-to-peer electronic cash system, opened the door to permissionless, private, and trustless transactions. Attempts to repurpose Bitcoin's underlying blockchain technology have run up against fundamental limitations to privacy, faithful execution, and transaction finality. We introduce \emph{Strong Federations}: publicly verifiable, Byzantine-robust transaction networks that facilitate movement of any asset between disparate markets, without requiring third-party trust. \emph{Strong Federations} enable commercial privacy, with support for transactions where asset types and amounts are opaque, while remaining publicly verifiable. As in Bitcoin, execution fidelity is cryptographically enforced; however, \emph{Strong Federations} significantly lower capital requirements for market participants by reducing transaction latency and improving interoperability. To show how this innovative solution can be applied today, we describe \emph{\liquid}: the first implementation of \emph{Strong Federations} deployed in a Financial Market.
Channel Coding in 5G New Radio: A Tutorial Overview and Performance Comparison with 4G LTE (2018)

Fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) holds promise in fulfilling new communication requirements that enable ubiquitous, low-latency, high-speed, and high-reliability connections among mobile devices. Compared to fourth-generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE), new error-correcting codes have been introduced in 5G NR for both data and control channels. In this article, the specific low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and polar codes adopted by the 5G NR standard are described. The purpose of each key component in these codes and the associated operations are explained. Performance and implementation advantages of these new codes are compared with those of 4G LTE.
QT‐Interval Turbulence Induced by Atrial and Ventricular Extrastimuli in Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia (2005)

Atrial and ventricular premature beats (APB, VPB) cause consistent changes in the sinus-cycle length known as heart rate (HR) turbulence. HR turbulence is described by turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS). This article investigated into whether specific QT interval changes are associated with HR turbulence and whether these can be assessed using HR turbulence quantifiers. A total of 40 patients (54 +/- 16 years, 34 men) referred for electrophysiological evaluation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent a study protocol prior to programmed electrical stimulation. The protocol consisted of three consecutive series of atrial and ventricular stimulation with single extrastimuli delivered from the high right atrium and the right ventricular apex at a coupling interval decremented from 750 to 400 ms at a 50-ms step. A 20-second period of sinus rhythm was allowed between ES. Turbulence onset and TS after an APB and a VPB were calculated separately using a dedicated computer algorithm. Consistent changes in the QT interval (QT turbulence) were observed immediately after premature beats and were determined using TO. QT TO was calculated as a relative difference between the QT interval of the first sinus cycle after the induced premature beat and the mean of the QT intervals of the two sinus cycles preceding the premature beat. QT turbulence was present following both APBs and VPBs but was less pronounced after an APB. In contrast to negative VPB-induced TO of HR turbulence reflecting early acceleration of the HR, VPB-induced TO of QT turbulence was positive showing lengthening of the QT interval following a VPB. The subgroup analysis has shown that QT turbulence was significantly attenuated in patients with ischemic heart disease and a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) </=0.40 compared with those with nonischemic VT and left ventricular ejection fraction >0.40 (after an APB: 0.73 +/- 0.31% vs 2.58 +/- 0.31%, respectively, P = 0.0044; after a VPB: 1.18 +/- 0.29% vs 4.40 +/- 1.38%, respectively, P = 0.0026). Neither APB nor VPB produced late QT dynamics equivalent to TS of HR turbulence. QT-interval turbulence occurs in association with HR turbulence following induced VPB and APB but QT dynamics is opposite to that of HR. It can be expressed as TO but not TS. Patients with ischemic VT and LV dysfunction exhibited significantly lower QT TO values than those with nonischemic VT and normal ventricular function.
Electroporation can cause artefacts due to solubilization of cations from the electrode plates. Aluminum ions enhance conversion of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in electroporated L1210 cells (1991)

1. In electroporated L1210 cells, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 causes Ca2+ release, owing to its conversion into Ins(1,4,5)P3, but this does not happen in cells permeabilized by digitonin treatment [Cullen, Irvine, Drøbak & Dawson (1989) Biochem. J. 259, 931-933]. 2. If the assay medium is subjected to electroporation by using a commercially available electroporation apparatus and then the cells are added and permeabilized with digitonin, the cells behave as if they had been electroporated. 3. Electroporation causes the release of high concentrations of Al3+ into the experimental medium, and addition of these concentrations of Al3+ into the experimental medium mimics the effect of electroporation on the conversion of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 into Ins(1,4,5)P3. 4. It is concluded that the difference between electroporated and digitonin-permeabilized L1210 cells in this experimental system can be attributed to dissolution of Al3+ from the electroporation cuvette. Al3+ contamination may thus be a serious problem when using this apparatus.
Miniature hybrid plasma focus extreme ultraviolet source driven by 10kA fast current pulse (2006)

A miniature hybrid plasma focus device, operated in xenon gas medium and driven by a 10kA fast current pulse, has been used to generate extreme ultraviolet radiation in the range of 6–15nm. At present the radiation characteristics from xenon plasma were mainly assessed qualitatively using standard tools such as visible light framing camera, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pinhole camera, and EUV photodiode. Strong pinching of xenon plasma is indicative from both visible and EUV imagings. The maximum size of the EUV emitting zone is estimated to be of the order of 0.21×1.55mm and the estimated value is within the accepted value as benchmarked by industries. The EUV intensity measurement by photodiode showed fairly isotropic radiation at least in a half solid angle. This device can be developed further as a competent source for EUV metrology or lithography applications.
Checkpoint Blockade Reverses Anergy in IL-13Rα2 Humanized scFv-Based CAR T Cells to Treat Murine and Canine Gliomas (2018)

We generated two humanized interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), Hu07BBz and Hu08BBz, that recognized human IL-13Rα2, but not IL-13Rα1. Hu08BBz also recognized canine IL-13Rα2. Both of these CAR T cell constructs demonstrated superior tumor inhibitory effects in a subcutaneous xenograft model of human glioma compared with a humanized EGFRvIII CAR T construct used in a recent phase 1 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02209376). The Hu08BBz demonstrated a 75% reduction in orthotopic tumor growth using low-dose CAR T cell infusion. Using combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade, humanized IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells performed significantly better when combined with CTLA-4 blockade, and humanized EGFRvIII CAR T cells' efficacy was improved by PD-1 and TIM-3 blockade in the same mouse model, which was correlated with the levels of checkpoint molecule expression in co-cultures with the same tumor <i>in vitro</i>. Humanized IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells also demonstrated benefit from a self-secreted anti-CTLA-4 minibody in the same mouse model. In addition to a canine glioma cell line (J3T), canine osteosarcoma lung cancer and leukemia cell lines also express IL-13Rα2 and were recognized by Hu08BBz. Canine IL-13Rα2 CAR T cell was also generated and tested <i>in vitro</i> by co-culture with canine tumor cells and <i>in vivo</i> in an orthotopic model of canine glioma. Based on these results, we are designing a pre-clinical trial to evaluate the safety of canine IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells in dog with spontaneous IL-13Rα2-positive glioma, which will help to inform a human clinical trial design for glioblastoma using humanized scFv-based IL-13Rα2 targeting CAR T cells.
Over-representation of the disease associated (CAG) and (CGG) repeats in the human genome (1994)

Expansion of trimer repeats has recently been described as a new type of human mutation. Of the 64 possible trimer compositions, only the CGG and CAG repeats have been implicated in genetic diseases. This study intends to address two questions: (1) What makes the CGG and CAG repeats unique? (2) Could other trimer repeats be involved in this type of mutation? By computer analysis of trimer and hexamer frequency distributions in approximately 10 Mb of human DNA, twenty trimer motifs (ten complementary pairs) have been identified that are the most likely to be expanded. The frequency distribution study also indicated that the expanded trimer motif in Fragile-X syndrome is GGC instead of CGG. DNA linguistics studies revealed that the GGC/GCC and CAG/CTG repeats were over-represented in the human genome. Further analysis of base composition suggested that the CCA/TGG repeats may be involved in the trimer expansion mutation since they possessed many similar characteristics to GGC/GCC and CAG/CTG. The computer aided sequence analysis studies reported here may help to understand the molecular mechanisms of trimer repeat expansion.
A networked teleoperation system for a mobile robot with multiple viewpoints virtual scene (2008)

This paper presents a teleoperation system to control mobile robot remotely. The system architecture is based on network technology. To get a synthetical knowledge of the robot and its working environment, besides the real video feedback from the robot vision system, a multiple viewpoints virtual scene of the robot and its worksite is constructed. It can present images in first person and third person viewpoints. To complete a complex task, operators can conveniently select different viewpoints to monitor the robot or target for different task process. Multiple input devices such as keyboard, mouse and joystick are adopted to input the commands, and different operational modes are designed to control the robot in different task. Finally, the effectiveness of the teleoperation system is illustrated by experiments that the operator manipulates mobile robot.
Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal (2008)

Current nutritional approaches to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes generally rely on reductions in dietary fat. The success of such approaches has been limited and therapy more generally relies on pharmacology. The argument is made that a re-evaluation of the role of carbohydrate restriction, the historical and intuitive approach to the problem, may provide an alternative and possibly superior dietary strategy. The rationale is that carbohydrate restriction improves glycemic control and reduces insulin fluctuations which are primary targets. Experiments are summarized showing that carbohydrate-restricted diets are at least as effective for weight loss as low-fat diets and that substitution of fat for carbohydrate is generally beneficial for risk of cardiovascular disease. These beneficial effects of carbohydrate restriction do not require weight loss. Finally, the point is reiterated that carbohydrate restriction improves all of the features of metabolic syndrome.
Electron Transfer and Near-Field Mechanisms in Plasmonic Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalytic Systems (2019)

The major mechanism responsible for plasmonic enhancement of titanium dioxide photocatalysis using gold nanoparticles is still under contention. This work introduces an experimental strategy to disentangle the significance of the charge transfer and near-field mechanisms in plasmonic photocatalysis. By controlling the thickness and conductive nature of a nanoparticle shell that acts as a spacer layer separating the plasmonic metal core from the TiO2 surface, field enhancement or charge transfer effects can be selectively repressed or evoked. Layer-by-layer and in situ polymerization methods are used to synthesize gold core–polymer shell nanoparticles with shell thickness control up to the sub-nanometer level. Detailed optical and electrical characterization supported by near-field simulation models corroborate the trends in photocatalytic activity of the different systems. This approach mainly points at an important contribution of the enhanced near field.
The Programmer's Apprentice: a research overview (1988)

The long-term goal of the Programmer's Apprentice project is to develop a theory of how expert programmers analyze, synthesize, modify, explain, specify, verify, and document programs. The authors present their vision of the Programmer's Apprentice, the principles and techniques underlying it, and their progress toward it. The primary vehicle for this exposition is three scenarios illustrating the use of the Apprentice in three phases of the programming task: implementation, design, and requirements. The first scenario is taken from a completed working prototype. The second and third scenarios are the targets for prototype systems currently under construction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition reactions (2008)

The research presented herein is concerned with the exploration of rhodium-catalysed addition reactions with organoboranes encompassing the 1,4-addition enolate protonation to benzyl acrylate esters, and the synthesis of chiral organoboranes for use in the synthesis of natural products Hermitamides A and B. Chapter 1 introduces the area of rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition as a tool for asymmetric synthesis. An extensive discussion of this methodology is included and recent advances in the area will be highlighted. In addition to this some recently published alternatives to organoboranes are outlined and their use in rhodium-catalysed chemistry documented. Chapter 2 discusses the tandem process of rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition enolate protonation, a recently observed asymmetric development. By using a novel route to benzyl acrylic esters the synthesis of α,α′-dibenzyl esters is achieved in excellent yields and selectivity. This study highlights the fact that when dealing with 1,1-disubstituted activated alkenes it is more difficult to produce enantioselective results as the chirality is determined in the protonation step and not during insertion. Some insights into the mechanism are proposed based on the outcomes observed. Chapter 3 describes the total synthesis of Lyngbic Acid and related structures Hermitamides A and B. Synthesis of these natural products are achieved by synthesis of an enantiopure organoborane species and its subsequent coupling via rhodium catalysis. Some interesting insights into the addition of alkenyl organoborane species to unsubstituted 1,1-activated alkenes are detailed. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and characterisation for the compounds discussed in the previous chapters.
Integrated sensor wafer-level packaging (2002)

Low cost packaging for integrated sensor devices is key to the ingress of silicon sensors into the consumer and industrial marketplace. Wafer-level packaging for integrated sensors can be performed using several technologies. The benefits and challenges of several these technologies are described.
Genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone (2015)

A novel Ebola virus (EBOV) first identified in March 2014 has infected more than 25,000 people in West Africa, resulting in more than 10,000 deaths. Preliminary analyses of genome sequences of 81 EBOV collected from March to June 2014 from Guinea and Sierra Leone suggest that the 2014 EBOV originated from an independent transmission event from its natural reservoir followed by sustained human-to-human infections. It has been reported that the EBOV genome variation might have an effect on the efficacy of sequence-based virus detection and candidate therapeutics. However, only limited viral information has been available since July 2014, when the outbreak entered a rapid growth phase. Here we describe 175 full-length EBOV genome sequences from five severely stricken districts in Sierra Leone from 28 September to 11 November 2014. We found that the 2014 EBOV has become more phylogenetically and genetically diverse from July to November 2014, characterized by the emergence of multiple novel lineages. The substitution rate for the 2014 EBOV was estimated to be 1.23 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year (95% highest posterior density interval, 1.04 × 10(-3) to 1.41 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year), approximating to that observed between previous EBOV outbreaks. The sharp increase in genetic diversity of the 2014 EBOV warrants extensive EBOV surveillance in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia to better understand the viral evolution and transmission dynamics of the ongoing outbreak. These data will facilitate the international efforts to develop vaccines and therapeutics.
Solubilization and Purification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Water by in Situ Radical Polymerization of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSolubilization and Purification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Water by in Situ Radical Polymerization of Sodium 4-StyrenesulfonateShuhui Qin, Dongqi Qin, Warren T. Ford, Jose E. Herrera, Daniel E. Resasco, Sergei M. Bachilo, and R. Bruce WeismanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019; and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005 Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 11, 3965–3967Publication Date (Web):April 28, 2004Publication History Received16 February 2004Revised8 April 2004Published online28 April 2004Published inissue 1 June 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma049681zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma049681zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2244Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Functionalization,Polymers,Sodium dodecyl sulfate,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Perinatal and neonatal mortality in ethnic minorities. (1995)

Midwifery care could have a positive impact on the reduction of perinatal and neonatal mortality in ethnic minority groups. Midwives have several important roles to play in this area: health promotion and education identifying those women at risk improving access, uptake and quality of maternity care. To be effective, midwives must: have knowledge and understanding of clients' cultures that can be put to good use during their care. examine their attitudes towards women from black and ethnic minority populations and ensure that these do not contribute towards adverse pregnancy outcomes. embrace the social and psychological aspects of care and unify it with the medical approach.