gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic radiation force based quantification of tissue shear modulus within the region of excitation (2008)

The speed of shear wave propagation in tissue is directly related to the tissue's shear modulus. Shear waves can be generated in tissue using focused, impulsive, acoustic radiation force excitations. Shear modulus reconstruction has typically been performed by monitoring shear wave propagation in regions that are spatially offset from the region of excitation (ROE), but such methods require greater radiation forces than methods that work within the ROE. Previously validated 3D FEM models of soft tissue response to impulsive radiation force excitations, coupled with Field II simulations of ultrasonic displacement tracking, were utilized for this work. Simulations were performed for a given focal geometry (Siemens CH41 transducer) for a range of tissue stiffnesses (mu = 1-15 kPa). Linear, elastic, isotropic material properties were assumed, making the time-to-peak (TTP) displacements along the axis of symmetry in the ROE proportional to the tissue's shear wave speed and the excitation beam geometry. Lookup tables specific to an excitation/tracking focal configuration were generated from simulated data, and stiffness estimates as a function of depth were possible using experimental data in calibrated phantoms and soft tissues in vivo. These stiffness estimates were compared with estimates using our previously validated Lateral TTP method. Simulation data indicate that the reconstructed shear moduli are independent of variations in tissue attenuation that impact the spatial distribution of radiation force in the ROE. Phantom reconstructions yielded ROE TTP shear modulus estimates within 0.15 kPa to those using the Lateral TTP method. The axial ROI for each method is similar, but the lateral ROI is ~30times smaller for the ROE TTP method (0.2 vs. 6 mm). The ROE TTP algorithm applied to in vivo data yielded similar mean shear stiffness estimates (mu = 1.7 kPa), but with increased variance (0.9 vs. 0.2 kPa) compared to the Lateral TTP algorithm. Greater displacement magnitudes are present within the ROE compared with spatially-offset locations, producing greater displacement SNR and reducing the acoustic energy needed to generate accurate displacement estimates. Reduced acoustic output leads to decreased transducer and tissue heating. Measuring TTP values within the ROE, instead of at multiple offset locations, also reduces data acquisition times, limiting displacement motion artifacts. The ROE TTP precision is jitter dependent; material shear moduli can be reconstructed within <0.5 kPa.
Concepts of articulare cartilage defect treatment: Repair or regeneration? (2008)

Simptomatska žarisna ostecenja zglobne hrskavice jos uvijek su veliki terapeutski problem.Postoje razni oblici lijecenja koji se mogu podijeliti na zahvate kojima se pospjesuje urastanje vezivnog tkiva u hrskavicno ostecenje i zahvate kojima se nastoji poticati stvaranje nove zglobne hrskavice. Postupcima mikrofraktura postiže se stvaranje fibrokartilaginoznog tkiva unutar hrskavicnog ostecenja, a nedostatak navedenog postupka je upitna kvaliteta novostvorenog tkiva i unistavanje kostanog ležista na dnu hrskavicnog defekta.Implantacija autolognih hrskavicnih stanica sve je uspjesnija no jos uvijekl ne daje savrsene rezultate, a i visoka cijena navedenog postupka je također veliki problem za siru primjenu ove metode lijecenja. Primjena faktora rasta daje obecavajuce rezultate na animalnim modelima. Genska terapija u lijecenju hrskavicnih ostecenja na životinjskim modelima pokazala se također vrlo uspjesna, iako ce do primjene na ljudima trebati rijesiti jos neke postojece sumnje. Iako je postignut veliki napredak u znanju o zglobnoj hrskavici, do sada jos nije razvijena tehnika kojom bi se u jednom kirurskom aktu izlijecila ostecena zglobna hrskavica, tj. nije nađena metoda kojom bi se dobilo savrsenu mikroarhitekturu i savrsena biomehanicka svojstva normalne zglobne hrskavice premda i nasa istraživanja na animalnim modelima su vrlo obecavajuca.
Single Receiver Multi-antenna Code-Modulated IR-UWB Front-End (2018)

The multi-antenna receiver has many use cases in wireless communications and Radar but it faces some major drawbacks such as high cost of hardware and high power consumption. Recent developments on narrow band systems have led to an alternative solution called Code-Division Multiplexing (CDM), using a single RF front-end in multi-antenna receiver. In order to do that, signals from the antennas are mixed with high speed spreading codes and then are combined at the RF stage. However, the use of high speed codes increases the signal bandwidth. Applying this solution on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) systems is questionable because of the bandwidth increment. This paper discusses the principles and implementation of CDM technique on an Impulse Radio (IR) UWB system showing interesting insights. An experiment is performed to estimate the Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA) on the recovered signals in a basic indoor positioning scenario.
Can internet video-on-demand be profitable? (2007)

Video-on-demand in the Internet has become an immensely popular service in recent years. But due to its high bandwidth requirements and popularity, it is also a costly service to provide. We consider the design and potential benefits of peer-assisted video-on-demand, in which participating peers assist the server in delivering VoD content. The assistance is done in such a way that it provides the same user quality experience as pure client-server distribution. We focus on the single-video approach, whereby a peer only redistributes a video that it is currently watching.
P‐183L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Design of Light Diffusion Film with Bent Structure for Reflective Displays (2015)

In this study, bent structure and two‐step irradiation technique were investigated to optimize the internal refractive‐index distribution structure of a diffusion film used for reflective displays. The resulting triple‐layer film configuration exhibited a wide viewing angle and improved utilization efficiency of ambient light
Information storage capacity of an optical holographic associative memory utilizing phase conjugation (1986)

The theoretical information storage capacity of conventional holographic memories has been analyzed by several workers and is extended in this paper to the holographic associative memory utilizing phase conjugate mirrors (PCMs). Macovski has performed an analysis for the thin hologram. He found for planar objects that, if the hologram space-bandwidth product (SBP) is n 2 , the number of resolvable object points N is n 2 /4, assuming that an off-axis reference beam is used to spatially offset the reconstructed image. Extending his analysis to our PCM-based associative memory, this SBP can be divided among M stored objects, each having n 2 /4 M resolvable points and each associated with a unique reference. For 3-D objects and plane wave references, N = 11/768 n 3 . ( N can be greater than n 2 because of the analog nature of the hologram.) Jannson has performed a similar analysis for the thick hologram case which includes the effects of the Bragg condition and the finite resolution of the hologram medium. In both the thin and thick hologram cases the storage capacity of the associative memory is further limited by the effective aperture of the PCM. This limits the range of reference beams and the degree to which the storable SBP can be divided among separate stored objects.
Optical-pumping injection cavity (OPIC) mid-IR "W" lasers with high efficiency and low loss (2000)

We report an edge-emitting mid-infrared (IR) (/spl lambda/=3.3-3.7 μm) "W" laser incorporating an optical-pumping injection cavity (OPIC). The active region of the W-OPIC is sandwiched between two Bragg mirrors that significantly enhance the pump-beam absorptance at /spl lambda//sub pump/=2.098 μm. Pulsed experiments demonstrate that besides suppressing the threshold pump intensity, this design enhances the differential power conversion efficiency (e.g., 7.1% per uncoated facet at 220 K) and lowers the internal loss (e.g., 20 cm/sup -1/ at 240 K) compared with all previous optically pumped mid-IR lasers.
Abstract A67: Effects of the atypical PKC-ι inhibitor ICA-1 on ovarian cancer proliferation and survival (2018)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer diagnosis. There is no efficient screening process for ovarian cancers and the average stage of diagnosis is stage III. Atypical PKCs (PKC-ζ and PKC-ι/λ) have been shown to be overexpressed in various malignant cells lines and to be linked to pathways for cellular proliferation and survival. Estrogen is also highly linked to carcinogenesis. In this investigation, ovarian cell lines (HEY, COV644, T80) were treated with the atypical PKC-ι inhibitor ICA-1 in two different systems, with and without estrogen, and assayed to determine the effects on proliferation and cellular survival. These assays included protein quantification, cell proliferation, and wound healing. Our preliminary data suggest that PKC-ι is a novel target in carcinogenesis and inhibition of this protein decreases the rate of proliferation. Our results also suggest that estrogen has a great effect on cell proliferation, even in estrogen receptor-negative cells. Citation Format: Tracess Smalley, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. Effects of the atypical PKC-ι inhibitor ICA-1 on ovarian cancer proliferation and survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> reflectivity monitoring of antireflection coatings on semiconductor laser facets through facet loss induced forward voltage changes (1990)

In situ fully electrical monitoring of the reflectivity of antireflection coatings on semiconductor laser facets is experimentally demonstrated. The operating principle consists of detecting changes in the forward voltage drop induced by the modification of facet reflectivity of a constant current-driven semiconductor laser. This technique allows one to detect the optimum thickness giving the lowest reflectivity without optical measurement. A reflectivity as low as 1×10−4 was currently obtained with electron beam deposited SiOx films on 1.5 μm buried ridge stripe lasers.
High Performance Metal-Based Nanocomposite Thermal Interface Materials Toward Enhanced Cooling Efficiency in Electronic Applications (2018)

The inefficient dissipation of heat is a crucial problem that limits the reliability and performance of all electronic devices. Since devices have become progressively smaller, more powerful, and more complex, they dissipate much larger amounts of heat. Currently, thermal greases, epoxy-based composites, phase change materials and solders are the most common types of thermal interface materials (TIMs) used for efficient dissipation of heat. Herein, we describe next-generation TIMs with thermal resistivity lower than existing solder TIMs and with stiffness comparable with existing epoxy-based TIMs. The approach has involved the incorporation of soft ligand functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) in a silver metal matrix to fabricate nanocomposite TIMs. BNNS was functionalized with thiosemicarbazide (TSC) such that they have a thiol group sticking out for functionalization. Then, the TSC-BNNS was dispersed in a silver matrix using a novel electrocodeposition method where silver and TSC-BNNS are deposited on a cathode in the presence of an electric field and potential difference to form nanocomposite TIMs. The thermal conductivities were found to be 318 W.m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Later, mechanical properties of the developed TIMs investigated using nanoindentation technique showed a reduced modulus of 34.9 GPa. There was more than two-fold reduction reduced modulus of silver matrix in presence of TSC-BNNS. The hardness value corresponding to this sample was about 379 MPa, which is about 3 times lower than the measured hardness values of pure silver (950 MPa). For these materials, the total thermal resistance across interface was calculated to be 0.19-0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .K.W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a bond line thickness of 20-100 μm. Considering two extreme cases of epoxy-based and pure silver shim TIMs, our results are significant in advancing the current state of art for TIMs.
PDMS waveguide integrated microfluidic chip for the detection of fluorophore tagged polypeptides (2011)

This work presents a novel method of fabrication of an optical microfluidic system by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and UV curable optical adhesive. An optical waveguide system including multiple waveguides and couplers were integrated with a microfluidic system by using soft lithography process. The developed LOC was demonstrated for the detection of fluorophore tagged polypeptides.
An optical-feedback transimpedance receiver for high sensitivity and wide dynamic range at low bit rates (1988)

A novel transimpedance optical receiver using optically coupled feedback rather than a conventional feedback resistor is described. The optically coupled feedback has a number of advantages, including: (1) elimination of feedback-resistor Johnson noise for higher sensitivity; (2) elimination of feedback capacitance for higher bandwidth; and (3) the capability of large feedback current with low output voltage for wide dynamic range. A theoretical analysis is presented, along with experimental results for a long-wavelength optical-feedback receiver at a bit rate of 1.5 Mb/s. The experimental receiver uses InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes and a silicon JFET preamplifier and obtains a maximum sensitivity of -63.8 dBm for an error rate of 1*10/sup -7/. When the receiver is optimized for high level signals, an optical dynamic range of 40 dB is attained with no preamplifier automatic gain control (AGC). The results of a transmission experiment over a length of 303 km of single-mode optical fiber at a wavelength of 1.55 mu m are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of Both Near-Wellbore Damage and Natural Cleanup of Horizontal Wells Drilled With Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2004)

Summary Prediction of formation damage that occurs in horizontal wells, often openhole completed, is a critical point for optimizing an oilfield development. The economic impact of near-wellbore induced drilling damage and cleanup efficiency has led to significant progress in both experimental and numerical studies designed to assess the wellbore flow properties during oil production. In a previous paper, a methodology combining both experimental and numerical approaches was presented to evaluate the natural cleanup of horizontal wells drilled with an oil-based mud (OBM). This paper presents an extension of the methodology for simulating both (a) near-wellbore invasion and permeability damage generated with a water-based mud (WBM), and (b) natural cleanup during oil backflow when the well is put into production. There is a fundamental difference between WBM and OBM invasions. In an oil-bearing formation, the displacement of the oil in place with an OBM filtrate is a miscible displacement process, while the displacement with a WBM filtrate is a two-phase flow process (imbibition), generating high wetting-phase saturation in the invaded zone. Then, during oil backflow, a portion of the wetting phase is trapped, leading to residual wetting-phase saturation greater than the initial one. Even in the absence of chemical interaction between filtrate and fluids in place, this induces an adverse water/oil relative permeability effect, which is an additional permeability impairment. This paper describes a numerical approach to model the formation damage with WBM and to predict well performance for natural cleanup when the well is subject to a pressure drawdown. The kinetics of fluid filtrate invasion, the filter-cake properties, and the filtrate/oil relative permeability curves in imbibition and drainage, together with damaged and return permeabilities, are obtained from specific drilling fluid damage laboratory tests. Using these data, the fluid filtrate invasion during the drilling phase is simulated, leading to a cone-type invasion depth along the horizontal well. This approach has allowed us to study the impact of various parameters related to fluids or cake properties, drilling conditions, and natural cleanup processes on the well performance.
Statistical Machine Translation through Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Reconstruction (2008)

This chapter presents the details of training a global lexical selection model using classification techniques and sentence reconstruction models using permutation automata. It also provides a stochastic finite-state transducer (SFST) as an example of an approach that relies on local associations, and uses it to compare and contrast the approach. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 10.2 describes in detail the different stages used to train an SFST translation model, and discusses the steps in decoding a source input using the trained SFST model. Section 10.3 presents the global lexical selection and the sentence reconstruction models. Section 10.4 discusses the rationale for choosing the classifier to train the global lexical selection model. Section 10.5 reports the results of the two translation models on a few data sets and contrasts the strengths and limitations of the two approaches.
Mature Dendritic Cell Generation Promoted by Lysophosphatidylcholine (2002)

During the acute phase response, the interplay between high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDL) favors transient generation of oxidized LDL with proinflammatory activities. We hypothesized that oxidative modification of LDL is an endogenous signal for the immune system, and we have shown that oxidized LDL promotes mature dendritic cell transition from monocyte, therefore linking the nonspecific acute phase response to adaptive immunity. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major lipid component of oxidized LDL with reported proinflammatory activities. We now report that LPC acts through G protein-coupled receptors on differentiating monocytes to generate mature dendritic cells with the ability to stimulate IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by allogeneic T lymphocytes. LPC is most effective in lipoprotein-deprived serum and can be inhibited by an excess of native LDLs reflecting normal plasma conditions. Therefore, by controlling the balance between native and oxidized lipoproteins and the resulting production of LPC, the acute phase reactants may provide a context of Ag presentation that is transiently favorable to immune activation. Intralipid, a therapeutic lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition with unexplained immunomodulatory properties, also blocked LPC activity. This opens perspectives for the understanding and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Synonymous collocation extraction using translation information (2003)

Automatically acquiring synonymous collocation pairs such as <turn on, OBJ, light> and <switch on, OBJ, light> from corpora is a challenging task. For this task, we can, in general, have a large monolingual corpus and/or a very limited bilingual corpus. Methods that use monolingual corpora alone or use bilingual corpora alone are apparently inadequate because of low precision or low coverage. In this paper, we propose a method that uses both these resources to get an optimal compromise of precision and coverage. This method first gets candidates of synonymous collocation pairs based on a monolingual corpus and a word thesaurus, and then selects the appropriate pairs from the candidates using their translations in a second language. The translations of the candidates are obtained with a statistical translation model which is trained with a small bilingual corpus and a large monolingual corpus. The translation information is proved as effective to select synonymous collocation pairs. Experimental results indicate that the average precision and recall of our approach are 74% and 64% respectively, which outperform those methods that only use monolingual corpora and those that only use bilingual corpora.
Apolipoprotein A5: A newly identified gene impacting plasmatriglyceride levels in humans and mice (2002)

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a newly described member of theapolipoprotein gene family whose initial discovery arose from comparativesequence analysis of the mammalian APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster. Functionalstudies in mice indicated that alteration in the level of APOA5significantly impacted plasma triglyceride concentrations. Miceover-expressing human APOA5 displayed significantly reducedtriglycerides, while mice lacking apoA5 had a large increase in thislipid parameter. Studies in humans have also suggested an important rolefor APOA5 in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations. In theseexperiments, polymorphisms in the human gene were found to define severalcommon haplotypes that were associated with significant changes intriglyceride concentrations in multiple populations. Several separateclinical studies have provided consistent and strong support for theeffect with 24 percent of Caucasians, 35 percent of African-Americans and53 percent of Hispanics carrying APOA5 haplotypes associated withincreased plasma triglyceride levels. In summary, APOA5 represents anewly discovered gene involved in triglyceride metabolism in both humansand mice whose mechanism of action remains to be deciphered.
The G <sup>4</sup> -FET (2005)

The G4-FET, a four-gate transistor compatible with standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology, provides unique opportunities as a logic device. Combining both JFET- and MOSFET-like actions within one transistor body, the G4-FET offers two side (lateral) junction-based gates, a top MOS gate, and a MOS back gate that is activated by SOI substrate biasing. The G4-FET's conduction characteristics are controlled by the combined interaction of these four gates. In this paper, the G4-FET is demonstrated as a logic device, resulting in a universal and programmable logic gate that can lead to the design of more efficient logic circuits. As an example, we present a new full adder design based on the G4-FET that is significantly more efficient than conventional designs.
An Ancient Bacterial Signaling Pathway Regulates Chloroplast Function to Influence Growth and Development in Arabidopsis (2016)

The chloroplast originated from the endosymbiosis of an ancient photosynthetic bacterium by a eukaryotic cell. Remarkably, the chloroplast has retained elements of a bacterial stress response pathway that is mediated by the signaling nucleotides guanosine penta- and tetraphosphate (ppGpp). However, an understanding of the mechanism and outcomes of ppGpp signaling in the photosynthetic eukaryotes has remained elusive. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that ppGpp is a potent regulator of chloroplast gene expression in vivo that directly reduces the quantity of chloroplast transcripts and chloroplast-encoded proteins. We then go on to demonstrate that the antagonistic functions of different plant RelA SpoT homologs together modulate ppGpp levels to regulate chloroplast function and show that they are required for optimal plant growth, chloroplast volume, and chloroplast breakdown during dark-induced and developmental senescence. Therefore, our results show that ppGpp signaling is not only linked to stress responses in plants but is also an important mediator of cooperation between the chloroplast and the nucleocytoplasmic compartment during plant growth and development.