gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing SSH Keys for Automated Access - Current Recommended Practice (2013)

This document presents current recommended practice for configuring,
managing, auditing, and associated policies around automated access to
information systems, with particular emphasis on SSH user keys as
authentication and authorization tokens but also looking into other
automated access mechanisms, such as Kerberos. Starting with a review
of authentication methods that can be configured for automated access,
the document describes the risks involved when the management of
automated access and SSH keys is neglected. It scopes the extent of
the problem in particular organizations, provides a detailed roadmap
for bringing automated access and SSH keys under control, and presents
recommendations on continuous monitoring and ongoing management of
automated access in information systems. Various remedial actions are
presented and mapped to the problems they address and residual risks
in the event the recommendations are not implemented. Guidance is
also provided on how to organize management of automated access with
the objective of reducing the system administration burden and
organization operational cost, and on tools for automating the
process.
<title>Color halftone descreening based on color sigma filters</title> (2000)

Most commercially printed images are halftoned using a screening process. IN order to reproduce printed documents containing images, one usually performs descreening or inverse half toning to avoid possible moire patterns. There exists a variety of gray scale halftone descreening techniques in the literature. However, color halftone descreening is still an ongoing research topic. In this paper, we present two descreening approaches: suboptimal FIR filter and a two-stage color sigma filter. The suboptimal FIR descreening filter offers an efficient descreening approach for gray scale halftoned images. In the mean time, a color halftone descreening technique based on the color sigma filter does not assume any a priori knowledge about the half toning process, making it applicable to any color halftone image. Similar to the anisotropic diffusion algorithm and total variation minimization techniques designed for gray scale images, the color sigma filter is an O(N) algorithm which can smooth out variation within each region and preserve edge information in the RGB color space. When combined with halftone segmentation techniques, a complete document processing algorithm for gray-scale and color documents can be created.
Securing Enterprise Data on Smartphones Using Run Time Information Flow Control (2012)

There is an increasing penetration of smart phones within enterprises. Most smart phone users now run both enterprise as well as personal applications simultaneously on their phones. However, most of the personal apps that are downloaded from public market places are hardly tested for enterprise grade security, and there have been instances of malware appearing in public markets that steal sensitive user information. Smart phone platforms such as Android require users to explicitly provide permissions to applications at install time, yet lack run time monitoring of permission usage by applications. In this paper, we present a framework for the run time enforcement of privacy policies on smart phones, in particular, protecting the privacy of enterprise data on smart phones. Our privacy policies are defined in terms of permissible information flows on the phone during different contexts. This arms users with finer grained control over information access by different applications. In our policy framework, an information flow is defined based on the entities involved in the corresponding inter-process communication(IPC) viz, the caller, callee and the associated IPC data. The information flow policy specifies the conditions under which an IPC flow may be permitted (or denied). Our system tracks information flows at run time and enforces that only flows satisfying all the current policies are permitted on the phone. We describe the design and implementation of our policy based framework in Android, and present performance evaluation results measuring the overhead imposed by our framework.
<i>In vivo</i> Oximetry Using EPR and India Ink (1995)

Recent advances in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry have established the use of the particulate materials fusinite and lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) as probes for measurement of oxygen tensions in tissues in vivo with a sensitivity and accuracy that is relevant for studying pathophysiological processes. India ink, another potentially very useful new probe for EPR oximetry, shares the critical properties of fusinite and LiPc and has the additional advantage of already having been widely used clinically with no apparent toxicity. The line width is particularly sensitive to changes in oxygen tension of less than 30 mmHg; in this range the line broadening/unit of pO2 is much greater than that of fusinite and LiPc. Over the range of biological conditions that can occur in vivo, the response of the EPR spectrum of India ink to pO2 is independent of pH, oxidants, reductants, and the nature of the medium. In this paper we describe the relevant properties of India ink and its use to measure pO2 in vivo in experimental animals and a human subject.
SOLIEX: A Novel Solid-Liquid Method of Radionuclides Extraction from Radioactive Waste Solutions - 13486 (2013)

This paper describes recent developments in new solid-liquid extraction method, called SOLIEX, to remove cesium from alkaline solutions. SOLIEX relies on the use of a reversible complexing system comprising a carbon felt bearing molecular traps (calixarenes). This complexing system exhibits a high selectivity for Cs, and is thus expected to be helpful for the treatment of highly diluted cesium wastes even with a high concentration of competing alkali metal cations. As additional advantage, this complexing system can be adapted by molecular engineering to capture other radionuclides, such as Sr, Eu, Am. Finally, this complexing system can be easily and efficiently regenerated by using a cost effective stripping procedure, which limits further generation of waste to meet 'zero liquid' discharge requirements for nuclear facilities. (authors)
(Invited) Advanced Plasma Etching Processing: Atomic Layer Etching for Nanoscale Devices (2017)

Plasma processes for deposition and etching are required for development of the next generation semiconductor devices. To achieve high performance of nanoscale devices, the continuous development of fabrication processes is necessary. An atomic layer etching (ALE) process achieves this continuous development, since the process has advantages such as more precise, higher controllability and repeatability. We have developed ALE process for SiO2 to achieve high controllability and repeatability. The ALE process is a cyclic process composed of two steps: a first step which deposits a fluorocarbon film on the SiO2 surface using an Ar/C4F8 plasma, followed by an O2 plasma etching step. The O2 plasma etching suppresses forming a carbon-rich film on the target material surface and maintains the chamber conditions by removing the fluorocarbon on the chamber walls. The ALE process for SiO2 exhibits high reproducibility and has the potential to allow uniform EPC values over large wafer surfaces.
Wind Tunnel Study of Acoustical Disturbance Effect on Controlled Laminar Flow (1980)

An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of laminar flow controlled (LFC) boundary layers to external acoustical disturbances using a 2.4-m (8-ft) span, 6.1-m (20-ft) chord, and 30-deg swept wing section with laminar flow control through spanwise slots. The objectives were to identify Tollmien-Schlichting and other amplification frequencies, critical disturbance levels in the boundary layer, the influence of suction rate on these disturbances, and the transfer function between an external sound field and the corresponding disturbance induced in the boundary layer. The frequency sensitivity and turbulence amplification effects of sound waves on a laminar boundary layer were determined experimentally and were found to occur within the predicted Tollmien-Schlichting oscillation range. Other unidentified amplification phenomena were also detected. Relationships between suction rate, induced acoustical particle velocity, and turbulence intensity have been established, and further analytical work is in progress. The study was part of a NASA contract to evaluate LFC systems for commerical transport aircraft.
Quantification of soft tissue deformations using strain-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (2004)

Strain Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SENC-MRI) is a new technique that allows real-time quantification of tissue deformation. The technique is based on initially modulating the magnetization of the imaged object with sinusoidal pattern (MR-tagging) in the z-direction (through-plane direction). Compression is then applied to the object resulting in a change of the frequency of the sinusoidal tagging depending, in part, on tissue stiffness; e.g. the softer the material the higher the resulting frequency. By determining the changes in frequency, regional deformations can be determined and quantified. In SENC MRI, this is achieved by acquiring several images (typically 8 images), each with different phase-encoding, which we call <i>tunings</i>, in the z-direction. For each tuning, the intensity of pixels whose tagging frequency coincides with the tuning frequency is higher than other pixels. Since the number of the acquired images is limited, only a limited range of frequencies can be covered and, hence, the accuracy of the estimates may be inefficient if the tuning are not selected carefully. However, in this paper, we show that deformation maps can be obtained with good accuracy from the limited number of tunings. In this regard, we propose three methods and compare between them for maximum achievable accuracy. The methods are 1) center-of-mass, 2) curve fitting, and 3) clustering-based method. The methods are applied to simulated data and MR images obtained from a gel phantom experiment. The results of comparisons shows that good estimates of deformation can be obtained even if the sampled data is distorted by noise or MR artifacts.
Medical Therapies: Aromatase Inhibitors (2011)

Approximately half of women with endometriosis achieve pain relief from existing medical or surgical treatments. Medical treatments are usually directed at inhibiting estrogen action or its production from the ovaries and do not address local estrogen biosynthesis by the aromatase enzyme in endometriotic lesions. A single gene encodes aromatase, which is the final enzyme in the estrogen biosynthesis pathway, and its inhibition effectively eliminates estrogen production. Recent pilot studies have shown that treatment with an aromatase inhibitor reduced lesion size and pelvic pain. In premenopausal women, an aromatase inhibitor alone may induce ovarian folliculogenesis and thus is combined with a progestin, an oral contraceptive, or a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. The side-effect profile of aromatase inhibitors administered in combination with an oral contraceptive or a progestin is remarkably well tolerated. Aromatase inhibitors represent a new class of medications with significant potential for the treatment of endometriosis.
Plant-made Salmonella bacteriocins salmocins for control of Salmonella pathovars (2018)

Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million illnesses in the United States each year, resulting in 19,000 hospitalizations and 380 deaths, and is one of the four major global causes of diarrhoeal diseases. No effective treatments are available to the food industry. Much attention has been given to colicins, natural non-antibiotic proteins of the bacteriocin class, to control the related pathogen Escherichia coli. We searched Salmonella genomic databases for colicin analogues and cloned and expressed in plants five such proteins, which we call salmocins. Among those, SalE1a and SalE1b were found to possess broad antimicrobial activity against all 99 major Salmonella pathovars. Each of the two salmocins also showed remarkably high potency (>10<sup>6</sup> AU/µg recombinant protein, or >10<sup>3</sup> higher than colicins) against major pathogenic target strains. Treatment of poultry meat matrices contaminated with seven key pathogenic serovars confirmed salmocin efficacy as a food safety intervention against Salmonella.
Noise reduction and magnetic priming for kW magnetrons by azimuthally varying axial magnetic fields (2004)

Summary form only given. Recent experiments have proven that imposition of an azimuthally-varying axial magnetic field to microwave oven magnetrons causes a significant (-30 dB near carrier) decrease in the close-in noise, elimination of sidebands and faster startup. Noise reduction is observed at low, medium and high currents, for fresh and aged, 10-vane, double-strapped magnetrons produced by various manufacturers. This noise reduction technique perturbs the magnetic field by adding a number of permanent magnets to the outside of one of standard circular magnets of the magnetron. The magnitude of the axial magnetic field perturbation was up to 50%, measured at the outside of the cavity structure. Experiments were performed utilizing Panasonic 2M167A-M10 and Toshiba 2M172 J(E) magnetrons, with a low-ripple DC power supply at parameters: voltage about -4 kV, tube current up to 300 mA, and power levels up to 800 W. Several magnetic perturbation arrangements were experimentally and computationally studied. For an N-cavity magnetron operating in the pi-mode, optimal "magnetic priming" for rapid startup employs N/2 azimuthal magnetic variations, as the electrons are kinematically-pre-bunched in N/2 spokes within just one Larmor period. A highly idealized model of magnetic priming revealed a parametric instability, which favors a radial expansion of electrons from the cathode to the anode, in the absence of rf fields and electrostatic effects.
<title>Low-cost phase-modulation fluorometer for measuring nanosecond lifetimes using a lock-in amplifier</title> (1999)

A Stanford Research Systems SR844 lock-in amplifier was used to build a sub $10,000 phase-modulation fluorometer capable of measuring nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes. The lock-in directly provided both the DC bias and the AC signal used to modulate the intensity of a blue LED excitation source. A photomultiplier tube measured the emission, and the resulting signal was sent back through a DC block to the lock-in with no external signal processing or heterodyning required. A simple computer program was developed to automate the measuring process and correct for the most common sources of error, namely coherent pickup and stray ambient light. Several standard fluorophores were measured, and the results compare favorably with those from a research grade cross-correlation phase fluorometer up to frequencies of 100 MHz. This system can operate in several configurations, each with benefits and limitations. The system is particularly well suited for fluorescence lifetime based sensing applications, demonstrated by measuring dissolved carbon dioxide online in a bacterial fermentation.
Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test specific for <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> (2008)

Plasmodium vivax is the only human malaria indigenous to the Republic of Korea (ROK). A rapid and sensitive diagnostic test (RDT) that detects P. vivax is appropriate for evaluating suspected malaria patients with no travel history abroad. The RDTs, SD Malaria Antigen P.v (SD diagnostic, Kyonggi, ROK) specific for P. vivax and the well documented OptiMAL (DiaMed, Cressier, Switzerland) were compared among 282 volunteers for specificity and sensitivity of P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections against Giemsa-stained blood smears read by an experienced microscopist. A total of 137 volunteers were diagnosed with P. vivax, 45 cases (returned travellers from overseas) were diagnosed with P. falciparum and 100 healthy volunteers were diagnosed as negative for malaria. Correspondingly, the SD Malaria Antigen P.v test identified P. vivax infections in 128/137 malaria patients (93.4%) and 0/100 (0%) healthy volunteers. Three patients identified with P. falciparum also were interpreted as P. vivax by the SD Malaria Antigen P.v test; however, these patients were later confirmed as mixed infections of P. vivax and P. falciparum by polymerase chain reaction. OptiMAL interpreted the three mixed infections only as P. falciparum and detected 130/137 (94.9%) patients with P. vivax. The sensitivity of the SD Malaria Antigen P.v test decreased from 100% (>5000 parasite/microl) to 81.3% (1-100 parasites/microl) as parasitaemia levels declined. For the regions where P. vivax is the primary malaria parasite, the SD P. vivax-specific rapid diagnostic test may be useful for screening suspected malaria patients when sufficient material and human resources (e.g. trained microscopists) are unavailable for malaria diagnosis.
Type inference for datalog with complex type hierarchies (2010)

Type inference for Datalog can be understood as the problem of mapping programs to a sublanguage for which containment is decidable. To wit, given a program in Datalog, a schema describing the types of extensional relations, and a user-supplied set of facts about the basic types (stating conditions such as disjointness, implication or equivalence), we aim to infer an over-approximation of the semantics of the program, which should be expressible in a suitable sublanguage of Datalog.
Patient-dependent count-rate adaptive normalization for PET detector efficiency with delayed-window coincidence events (2015)

Quantitative PET imaging is widely used in clinical diagnosis in oncology and neuroimaging. Accurate normalization correction for the efficiency of each line-of- response is essential for accurate quantitative PET image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a normalization calibration method by using the delayed-window coincidence events from the scanning phantom or patient. The proposed method could dramatically reduce the 'ring' artifacts caused by mismatched system count-rates between the calibration and phantom/patient datasets. Moreover, a modified algorithm for mean detector efficiency estimation is proposed, which could generate crystal efficiency maps with more uniform variance. Both phantom and real patient datasets are used for evaluation. The results show that the proposed method could lead to better uniformity in reconstructed images by removing ring artifacts, and more uniform axial variance profiles, especially around the axial edge slices of the scanner. The proposed method also has the potential benefit to simplify the normalization calibration procedure, since the calibration can be performed using the on-the-fly acquired delayed-window dataset.
Development of a Microfabricated Optical Bend Loss Sensor for Distributive Pressure Measurement (2008)

A flexible high-resolution sensor capable of measuring the distribution of pressure beneath the foot via a microfabricated optical waveguide system is presented. The uniqueness of the system is in its batch fabrication process, which involves a microfabrication molding technique with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the optical medium. The sensor manufacturing technique is described in detail, the optical performance of the waveguides is quantified and the effect of using a matching fluid to improve fiber-coupling efficiency is demonstrated. Mechanical loading tests were performed on a 4 x 4 array with a 2-mm spacing between sensing elements. Loading displacement curves were obtained using a 0 to 0.4 mm triangle loading profile. A force of 0.28 N applied to one of the sensing elements produced a displacement of a 0.325 mm and 39% change in the output light intensity. Multiple loadings were conducted to demonstrate the repeatability of the sensor. A force image algorithm with a two-layer neural network system was used to identify four load magnitudes and four different shaped applicators. All four shapes were successfully identified with the neural network.
Dynemicins, new antibiotics with the 1,5-diyn-3-ene and anthraquinone subunit. I. Productin, isolation and physico-chemical properties. (1991)

Dynemicin A, a novel antibiotic containing the bicyclo[7.3.1]-1,5-diyn-3-ene and 1,4,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone functionalities, was isolated from the culture broth of Micromonospora chersina sp. nov. M956-1. The antibiotic exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, and in in vivo, it cured mice from lethal Staphylococcus aureus infection and prolonged survival time of mice inoculated with murine tumors. Three satellite components, dynemicins L, M and N, were also isolated from the culture broth and chemically characterized.
Human embryonic stem cell microenvironment suppresses the tumorigenic phenotype of aggressive cancer cells (2008)

Embryonic stem cells sustain a microenvironment that facilitates a balance of self-renewal and differentiation. Aggressive cancer cells, expressing a multipotent, embryonic cell-like phenotype, engage in a dynamic reciprocity with a microenvironment that promotes plasticity and tumorigenicity. However, the cancer-associated milieu lacks the appropriate regulatory mechanisms to maintain a normal cellular phenotype. Previous work from our laboratory reported that aggressive melanoma and breast carcinoma express the embryonic morphogen Nodal, which is essential for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) pluripotency. Based on the aberrant expression of this embryonic plasticity gene by tumor cells, this current study tested whether these cells could respond to regulatory cues controlling the Nodal signaling pathway, which might be sequestered within the microenvironment of hESCs, resulting in the suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype. Specifically, we discovered that metastatic tumor cells do not express the inhibitor to Nodal, Lefty, allowing them to overexpress this embryonic morphogen in an unregulated manner. However, exposure of the tumor cells to a hESC microenvironment (containing Lefty) leads to a dramatic down-regulation in their Nodal expression concomitant with a reduction in clonogenicity and tumorigenesis accompanied by an increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, this ability to suppress the tumorigenic phenotype is directly associated with the secretion of Lefty, exclusive to hESCs, because it is not detected in other stem cell types, normal cell types, or trophoblasts. The tumor-suppressive effects of the hESC microenvironment, by neutralizing the expression of Nodal in aggressive tumor cells, provide previously unexplored therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.