gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The joint IAEA, EANM, and SNMMI practical guidance on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRNT) in neuroendocrine tumours (2013)

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRNT) is a molecularly targeted radiation therapy involving the systemic administration of a radiolabelled peptide designed to target with high affinity and specificity receptors overexpressed on tumours. PRRNT employing the radiotagged somatostatin receptor agonists (90)Y-DOTATOC ([(90)Y-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotide) or (177)Lu-DOTATATE ([(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3),Thr(8)]-octreotide or [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate) have been successfully used for the past 15 years to target metastatic or inoperable neuroendocrine tumours expressing the somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Accumulated evidence from clinical experience indicates that these tumours can be subjected to a high absorbed dose which leads to partial or complete objective responses in up to 30 % of treated patients. Survival analyses indicate that patients presenting with high tumour receptor expression at study entry and receiving (177)Lu-DOTATATE or (90)Y-DOTATOC treatment show significantly higher objective responses, leading to longer survival and improved quality of life. Side effects of PRRNT are typically seen in the kidneys and bone marrow. These, however, are usually mild provided adequate protective measures are undertaken. Despite the large body of evidence regarding efficacy and clinical safety, PRRNT is still considered an investigational treatment and its implementation must comply with national legislation, and ethical guidelines concerning human therapeutic investigations. This guidance was formulated based on recent literature and leading experts' opinions. It covers the rationale, indications and contraindications for PRRNT, assessment of treatment response and patient follow-up. This document is aimed at guiding nuclear medicine specialists in selecting likely candidates to receive PRRNT and to deliver the treatment in a safe and effective manner. This document is largely based on the book published through a joint international effort under the auspices of the Nuclear Medicine Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
An approach to modeling multi-material objects (1997)

Currently, solid modeling techniques are capable of capturing only the geometric and topological information of an object. However, there is a growing need for including additional information (such as material) in the solid model. Our focus application is Layered Manufacturing (LM), a process which is capable of fabricating a part made of several materials. In this paper, we present an approach to model multi-material objects and define new modeling operations for their manipulation. We also develop a computer representation for these new models. Finally, we present some examples highlighting the implementation and fabrication by LM.
A novel HBT trigger SCR in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology (2016)

The silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) device is known as an efficient electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device due to the highest ESD robustness in the smallest layout area. However, SCR has some drawbacks, such as high trigger voltage and low holding voltage. In order to reduce the trigger voltage of the SCR device for ESD protection, a new heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) trigger silicon controlled rectifier (HTSCR) device in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology are proposed. The underlying physical mechanisms critical to the trigger voltage are demonstrated based on transmission line pulsing (TLP) measurement and physics-based simulation results. The simulation results prove that the trigger voltage of the HTSCR is decided by the collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage of the HBT structure in floating base configuration. The ESD experiment test results demonstrate the HTSCR can offer superior performance with a small trigger voltage, an adjustable holding voltage and a high ESD robustness. In comparison to the conventional MLSCR, the trigger voltage of the fabricated HTSCR can reduce to less than 50% of that of the MLSCR, and the It2 of the HBT trigger SCR is 80% more than that of the MLSCR.
Viral structural transition mechanisms revealed by multiscale molecular dynamics/order parameter extrapolation simulation (2009)

On the basis of an all-atom multiscale analysis theory of nanosystem dynamics, a multiscale molecular dynamics/order parameter extrapolation (MD/OPX) approach has recently been developed. It accelerates MD for long-time simulation of large bionanosystems and addresses rapid atomistic fluctuations and slowly varying coherent dynamics simultaneously. In this study, MD/OPX is optimized and implemented to simulate viral capsid structural transitions. Specifically, 200 ns MD/OPX simulation of the swollen state of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid reveals that it undergoes significant energy-driven shrinkage in vacuum, which is a symmetry-breaking process involving local initiation and front propagation.
AlN sensor based on surface acoustic wave with signal amplification by AlN/GaN HEMT (2015)

This article presents from the sensor based on a surface acoustic wave(SAW) GaN transistors for processing the output signal and placed at the sensor chip. The results of development of sensors based on surface acoustic waves in epitaxial films AlN are demonstrated. Operating frequency of structures for SAW was 930 MHz. AlNGaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a nanoscale T-shaped gate and very low barrier thickness is described. The efficiency and selectivity of sensory structures in liquid media with different compositions were demonstrated. The observed sensitivity of the SAW phase change is 6° while varying the concentration of sucrose in the solution at 5%.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against <i>Norwalk virus</i> Gil Capsid Protein Expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

The Norwalk virus (NV) causes outbreaks of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The virus capsid is composed of a single 60 kDa protein. The capsid protein of NV36 (genogroup II, Mexico virus type) was expressed in an Escherichia coli system and ten monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated against it. The reactivity of these MAbs was characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) analysis towards 20 overlapping fragments of the NV36 capsid protein expressed in E. coli. All of the MAbs recognized sequential (continuous) epitopes on the three antigenic regions. Six of the 10 MAbs recognized fragment 2 (equivalent residues 31-70), three MAbs recognized fragment 13 (residues 361-403) and one MAb recognized fragment 7 (residues 181-220), suggesting that the N-terminal domain (residues 1-220) may contain more antigenic epitopes than the C-terminal domain (residues 210-548). Furthermore, two MAbs (1B4 and 1F6) reacted in WB with three purified NV strains (genogroup II) derived from patients' stool samples. It was also found that genogroup I recombinant NV96-908 (genogroup I, KY89 type) could be detected as sensitively as recombinant NV36 (genogroup II) by ELISA with a set of the MAbs produced here.
Arfaptin 1, a Putative Cytosolic Target Protein of ADP-ribosylation Factor, Is Recruited to Golgi Membranes (1997)

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) have been implicated in vesicle transport in the Golgi complex. Employing yeast two-hybrid screening of an HL60 cDNA library using a constitutively active mutant of ARF3 (ARF3.Q71L), as a probe, we have identified a cDNA encoding a novel protein with a calculated molecular mass of 38.6 kDa, which we have named arfaptin 1. The mRNA of arfaptin 1 was ubiquitously expressed, and recombinant arfaptin 1 bound preferentially to class I ARFs, especially ARF1, but only in the GTP-bound form. The interactions were independent of myristoylation of ARF. Arfaptin 1 in cytosol was recruited to Golgi membranes by ARF in a guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)-dependent and brefeldin A-sensitive manner. When expressed in COS cells, arfaptin 1 was localized to the Golgi complex. The yeast two-hybrid system yielded another clone, which encoded a putative protein, which we have named arfaptin 2. This consisted of the same number of amino acids as arfaptin 1 and was 60% identical to it. Arfaptin 2 was also ubiquitously expressed and bound to the GTP-, but not GDP-liganded form of class I ARFs, especially ARF1. These results suggest that arfaptins 1 and 2 may be direct target proteins of class 1 ARFs. Arfaptin 1 may be involved in Golgi function along with ARF1.
Cálculo del valor en riesgo por el método de Montecarlo estructurado (1997)

The human genes encoding the interleukin 8 receptors type A and B were assigned to chromosome 2 by polymerase chain reaction amplification and by Southern analysis of a panel of human x rodent somatic cell hybrid DNAs. The IL8R genes were further localized by in situ hybridization to band 2q35.
Recent progress in semiconductor excitable lasers for photonic spike processing (2016)

Recently, there has been tremendous interest in excitable optoelectronic devices and in particular excitable semiconductor lasers that could potentially enable unconventional processing approaches beyond conventional binary-logic-based approaches. In parallel, there has been renewed investigation of non-von Neumann architectures driven in part by incipient limitations in aspects of Moore’s law. These neuromorphic architectures attempt to decentralize processing by interweaving interconnection with computing while simultaneously incorporating time-resolved dynamics, loosely classified as spiking (a.k.a. excitability). The rapid and efficient advances in CMOS-compatible photonic interconnect technologies have led to opportunities in optics and photonics for unconventional circuits and systems. Effort in the budding research field of photonic spike processing aims to synergistically integrate the underlying physics of photonics with bio-inspired processing. Lasers operating in the excitable regime are dynamically analogous with the spiking dynamics observed in neuron biophysics but roughly 8 orders of magnitude faster. The field is reaching a critical juncture at which there is a shift from studying single devices to studying an interconnected network of lasers. In this paper, we review the recent research in the information processing abilities of such lasers, dubbed “photonic neurons,” “laser neurons,” or “optical neurons.” An integrated network of such lasers on a chip could potentially grant the capacity for complex, ultrafast categorization and decision making to provide a range of computing and signal processing applications, such as sensing and manipulating the radio frequency spectrum and for hypersonic aircraft control.
Pazopanib ameliorates acute lung injuries via inhibition of MAP3K2 and MAP3K3 (2021)

Acute lung injury (ALI) causes high mortality and lacks any pharmacological intervention. Here, we found that pazopanib ameliorated ALI manifestations and reduced mortality in mouse ALI models and reduced edema in human lung transplantation recipients. Pazopanib inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2)- and MAP3K3-mediated phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase 2 subunit p47<sup>phox</sup> at Ser<sup>208</sup> to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in myeloid cells. Genetic inactivation of MAP3K2 and MAP3K3 in myeloid cells or hematopoietic mutation of p47<sup>phox</sup> Ser<sup>208</sup> to alanine attenuated ALI manifestations and abrogates anti-ALI effects of pazopanib. This myeloid MAP3K2/MAP3K3-p47<sup>phox</sup> pathway acted via paracrine H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to enhance pulmonary vasculature integrity and promote lung epithelial cell survival and proliferation, leading to increased pulmonary barrier function and resistance to ALI. Thus, pazopanib has the potential to be effective for treating ALI.
Defending against vehicular rogue APs (2011)

This paper considers vehicular rogue access points (APs) that rogue APs are set up in moving vehicles to mimic legitimate roadside APs to lure users to associate to them. Due to its mobility, a vehicular rogue AP is able to maintain a long connection with users. Thus, the adversary has more time to launch various attacks to steal users' private information. We propose a practical detection scheme based on the comparison of Receive Signal Strength (RSS) to prevent users from connecting to rogue APs. The basic idea of our solution is to force APs (both legitimate and fake) to report their GPS locations and transmission powers in beacons. Based on such information, users can validate whether the measured RSS matches the value estimated from the AP's location, transmission power, and its own GPS location. Furthermore, we consider the impact of path loss and shadowing and propose a method based on rate adaption to deal with advanced rogue APs. We implemented our detection technique on commercial off-the-shelf devices including wireless cards, antennas, and GPS modules to evaluate the efficacy of our scheme.
Imaging of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplant by Bioluminescence and PET (2007)

The triple-fusion reporter approach resulted in a reliable method of labeling stem cells for investigation in small-animal models by use of both BLI and small-animal PET imaging. It has the potential for translation into future human studies with clinical PET.
Contact effects in polymer transistors (2002)

Polymer thin film transistors based on the polyfluorene F8T2 exhibit a nonohmic contact resistance, particularly when in the coplanar device geometry. We show how to obtain the current–voltage relation for the contact from the transistor output characteristics measured with different channel lengths. The diode-type relation is attributed to the contact injection properties of the metal Schottky barrier. No significant increase in mobility with gate or drain field is observed.
Best Practices Guideline: Toxicologic Histopathology (2004)

Health & Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan 48686 Covance Laboratories Inc., Vienna, Virginia 22182 Pathco Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702 Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855 Estuary Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Pfizer Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001 and Chesterfield, Missouri 63005
Method For Detecting Biological Agents (2023)

A sensor is provided including a polymer capable of having an alterable measurable property from the group of luminescence and electrical conductivity, the polymer having an intermediate combination of a recognition element, a tethering element and a property-altering element bound thereto and capable of altering the measurable property, the intermediate combination adapted for subsequent separation from the polymer upon exposure to an agent having an affinity for binding to the recognition element whereupon the separation of the intermediate combination from the polymer results in a detectable change in the alterable measurable property, and, detecting said detectable change in the alterable measurable property.
Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (2006)

Several chemoattractants can regulate the recruitment of eosinophils to sites of inflammation, but the hierarchy among them is unknown. We observed here that eosinophil chemotaxis towards eotaxin or 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) was amplified up to sixfold in the presence of prostaglandin (PG) D2. This effect was only seen in eosinophils, and not in neutrophils or basophils. Pretreatment with the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist ramatroban prevented the PGD2 enhancement of eosinophil migrations. In contrast, eotaxin or 5-oxo-ETE inhibited the migration of eosinophils towards PGD2. 5-oxo-ETE enhanced the chemotaxis to eotaxin, while eotaxin had no effect on 5-oxo-ETE-induced migration. 5-oxo-ETE induced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by SB-202190 converted the effect of 5-oxo-ETE on the chemotaxis to PGD2 from inhibition to enhancement. The presence of blood or plasma markedly decreased the sensitivity of eosinophils to eotaxin or 5-oxo-ETE, while responses to PGD2 were unaltered. In conclusion, PGD2 might be an initial chemoattractant, since it maintains its potency in the circulation and augments the responsiveness of eosinophils to other chemoattractants. In contrast, eotaxin seems to be an end-point chemoattractant, since it has reduced efficacy in blood and is capable of down-modulating eosinophil responsiveness to other chemoattractants.
CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF A Cu(II) COMPLEX WITH A MODIFIED CYCLODEXTRIN (1976)

Abstract A 1:2 complex between Cu(II) and mono-(6-β-aminoethylamino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin significantly accelerates the oxidation of furoin at pH 10.5. The existence of two cyclodextrin cavities in the complex molecule may contribute to the remarkable rate acceleration.
Present Role of Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Peripheral Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Review (2013)

Thus far, a limited number of PET studies addressing IA imaging have been published. The PET modality seems to offer highly sensitive and potentially specific imaging of IA at the (quantitative) molecular level. Clinical application studies for early diagnostics and therapy monitoring are arising, but these topics should be further explored in future studies with larger cohorts. For integration in clinical practice, aspects such as radiation burden and cost-effectiveness should also be taken into account.
High-dose Glycerol Monolaurate Up-Regulated Beneficial Indigenous Microbiota without Inducing Metabolic Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation: New Insights into Its Antimicrobial Potential (2019)

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to assess the dose-dependent antimicrobial-effects of GML on the gut microbiota, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed on diets supplemented with GML at dose of 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> for 4 months, respectively. Results showed that supplementation of GML, regardless of the dosages, induced modest body weight gain without affecting epididymal/brown fat pad, lipid profiles and glycemic markers. A high dose of GML (1600 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) showed positive impacts on the anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and IL-22. GML modulated the indigenous microbiota in a dose-dependent manner. It was found that 400 and 800 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> GML improved the richness of <i>Barnesiella</i>, whereas a high dosage of GML (1600 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) significantly increased the relative abundances of <i>Clostridium XIVa</i>, <i>Oscillibacter</i> and <i>Parasutterella</i>. The present work indicated that GML could upregulate the favorable microbial taxa without inducing systemic inflammation and dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism.
A set of four ICs in CMOS technology for a programmable hearing aid (1989)

A four-chip system developed for a programmable hearing aid is presented. It combines E/sup 2/PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) memories with a control logic, low-noise preamplifiers, AGC (automatic gain control) amplifiers, SC (switched-capacitor) filters, voltage multipliers, and an output amplifier of the pulse-width type. The implementation of the critical parts is explained. The 3- mu m self-aligned-contacts MOS technology of the Faselec company is used. The system is supplied by a single 1.3-V battery and its typical current consumption is 1.5 mA. The whole system can be connected to a computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Collapse of proteostasis represents an early molecular event in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> aging (2009)

Protein damage contributes prominently to cellular aging. To address whether this occurs at a specific period during aging or accumulates gradually, we monitored the biochemical, cellular, and physiological properties of folding sensors expressed in different tissues of C. elegans. We observed the age-dependent misfolding and loss of function of diverse proteins harboring temperature-sensitive missense mutations in all somatic tissues at the permissive condition. This widespread failure in proteostasis occurs rapidly at an early stage of adulthood, and coincides with a severely reduced activation of the cytoprotective heat shock response and the unfolded protein response. Enhancing stress responsive factors HSF-1 or DAF-16 suppresses misfolding of these metastable folding sensors and restores the ability of the cell to maintain a functional proteome. This suggests that a compromise in the regulation of proteostatic stress responses occurs early in adulthood and tips the balance between the load of damaged proteins and the proteostasis machinery. We propose that the collapse of proteostasis represents an early molecular event of aging that amplifies protein damage in age-associated diseases of protein conformation.
Successful β cells islet regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic baboons using ultrasound-targeted microbubble gene therapy with cyclinD2/CDK4/GLP1 (2014)

Both major forms of diabetes mellitus (DM) involve β-cell destruction and dysfunction. New treatment strategies have focused on replenishing the deficiency of β-cell mass common to both major forms of diabetes by islet transplantation or β-cell regeneration. The pancreas, not the liver, is the ideal organ for islet regeneration, because it is the natural milieu for islets. Since islet mass is known to increase during obesity and pregnancy, the concept of stimulating pancreatic islet regeneration in vivo is both rational and physiologic. This paper proposes a novel approach in which non-viral gene therapy is targeted to pancreatic islets using ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) in a non-human primate model (NHP), the baboon. Treated baboons received a gene cocktail comprised of cyclinD2, CDK, and GLP1, which in rats results in robust and durable islet regeneration with normalization of blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels. We were able to generate important preliminary data indicating that gene therapy by UTMD can achieve in vivo normalization of the intravenous (IV) glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) curves in STZ hyperglycemic-induced conscious tethered baboons. Immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated evidence of islet regeneration and restoration of β-cell mass.