gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by N-substituted tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketones. (1990)

Several tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketones containing non-naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position are effective human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitors in vitro and possess IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. The trifluoromethyl ketone derivative of valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position; whereas, the corresponding glycine or alpha, alpha-dimethyl glycine analogs result in inactive compounds.
Modification of Polydimethylsiloxane Coatings by H<sub>2</sub> RF Plasma, Xe<sub>2</sub>* Excimer VUV Radiation, and Low‐Energy Electron Beams (2012)

Abstract The crosslinking of thin liquid PDMS layers by three different technically relevant processes, H 2 radio‐frequency plasma treatment, Xe 2 * excimer VUV irradiation, and low‐energy electron beam processing is investigated. The modifications to the layers due to the processing are monitored by means of RAIRS. Plasma processing of liquid PDMS leads to a direct conversion to a SiO x ‐like material of the topmost layers, whereas a gradual transition from PDMS to the same product is observed upon VUV irradiation. Electron exposure does not induce oxidation. The initiating steps of the conversion induced by the interaction with VUV photons, low‐energy electrons, or their combined effect with ions and H atoms in the plasma are discussed. The latter creates a high density of damage sites. magnified image
Steady-state entanglement enhanced by a dissipative ancilla (2015)

We investigate how to enhance entanglement in the steady state of interacting two-level systems. The steady state is reached by spontaneous decay of the individual systems. When we additionally couple them to a dissipative two-level ancilla with variable eigenfrequency and coupling strength, we observe a considerable enhancement effect in the entanglement of this steady state. Moreover, we see that the increased entanglement is directly connected to the selection of certain excited states via the environment disturbing the ancilla. This effect could be used in dissipative state preparation schemes, and as a test-bed for decoherence models.
Efficacy of zeolitic ore compounds on the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing broiler chickens. (1993)

Commercially available zeolitic ore compounds, when incorporated into the diets at 0.5%, were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 3.5 mg aflatoxin/kg feed on growing broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age. In a series of four experiments, the compounds used included the following: mordenite (particle size of -20 mesh; Zeomite); clinoptilolite (particle size of -20 mesh; Zeobrite); SC Zeolite (particle size of -20 mesh); and clinoptilolite (particle size of -35 mesh; Clino 1) or clinoptilolite (particle sizes of -20 plus +35 mesh; Clino 2). Results demonstrated that 0.5% Zeobrite, Clino 1, or Clino 2 added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets did not significantly (P < 0.05) diminish the toxicity of high concentrations of aflatoxin to growing broiler chicks. Zeomite mordenite ore reduced the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing chicks by 41%, as indicated by weight gains, liver weight, and serum biochemical measurements, which compares favorably with its in vitro binding capacity to aflatoxin. SC Zeolite reduced weight-gain toxicity of aflatoxin by approximately 29%.
Calculation of the Equilibrium Evolution of the ZaP Flow $Z$ -Pinch Using a Four-Chord Interferometer (2015)

A four-chord interferometer and measurements from an array of surface-mounted magnetic probes were used in conjunction with equations of radial heat conduction and radial force balance to calculate the equilibrium evolution of a pinch plasma in the ZaP flow Z-pinch. A multiple shooting method was used to solve the nonlinear coupled differential equation system, with ohmic heating and bremsstrahlung radiation as sources and sinks, respectively. Data from a single ZaP pulse are reported including profiles of magnetic field and temperature and their evolution. Profiles are dominated by high thermal conductivity near the axis which quickly decreases with radius. This is due to the plasma being weakly magnetized near the axis which increases thermal conductivity and flattens the temperature profile, but strongly magnetized near the characteristic radius, significantly reducing thermal conductivity and resulting in a large temperature gradient. The equilibrium evolution indicates that plasmas in ZaP heat and compress with increasing current as a result of magnetic compression during the quiescent period.
Skin Lesion Segmentation Using Clustering Techniques (2005)

Cluster analysis has been widely used in various disciplines such as pattern recognition, computer vision, and data mining. In this work we investigate the applicability of two spatial clustering algorithms, namely DBSCAN and STING, to a new problem domain: Color segmentation of skin lesion (tumor) images. Automated segmentation is a key step in the computerized analysis of skin lesion images since the accuracy of the subsequent steps (feature extraction, classification, etc.) crucially depends on the accuracy of this very first step. In this paper, we develop two unsupervised methods for segmentation of skin lesion images: one based on DBSCAN clustering algorithm and the other based on STING clustering algorithm. Experiments on a database of over hundred skin lesion images show that DBSCAN-based segmentation algorithm performs significantly better than the STING-based one.
Monitoring neighboring vehicles for safety via V2V communication (2011)

A driver should constantly keep an eye on vehicles closest to her/his location in order to avoid collisions. Unfortunately, the driver often does not see closest vehicles due to obstacles (other vehicles, trees, buildings, etc). In this paper, we introduce a novel type of query called a continuous range k-nearest neighbor (CRNN) query in vehicular ad-hoc networks, and propose a scheme for query processing. Our scheme aims at optimizing the usage of the wireless network bandwidth, computational cost, and local storage while preserving information on the continuous movement of vehicles within the broadcast range of a vehicle. Both simulation and road test results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of our scheme over an existing method.
Compensation of the chromatic effects in the Novosibirsk phi factory lattice (2002)

The chromatic effects of the phi -factory lattice are analyzed to optimize the location of the sextupole correctors. Five families of sextupoles are envisaged to compensate for the tune chromaticity as well as the chromatic dispersion and beta -functions. The approximate pi -relations in the betatron phase between the sextupoles are pursued to preserve the dynamic aperture, while the tolerance of breaking these relations is determined from the Hamiltonian treatment. Computer simulation results are discussed regarding the phi -factory lattice dynamic aperture and taking into account the synchrotron motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compare Analysis for the Nanotoxicity Effects of Different Amounts of Endocytic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles at Single Cell Level (2014)

Developing methods that evaluate the cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and nanotoxicity effects at single-cellular level are needed. In this study, magnetophoresis combining fluorescence based cytotoxicity assay was proposed to assess the viability and the single-cellular MNPs uptake simultaneously. Malignant cells (SKHep-1, HepG2, HeLa) were incubated with 10 nm anionic iron oxide nanoparticles. Prussian blue stain was performed to visualize the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. MTT and fluorescence based assay analyzed the cytotoxicity effects of the bulk cell population and single cell, respectively. DAPI/PI stained was applied to evaluate death mechanism. The number of intracellular MNPs was found to be strongly correlated with the cell death. Significant differences between cellular MNP uptake in living and dead cells were observed. The method could be useful for future study of the nanotoxicity induced by MNPs.
Phase transformations in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

Isothermal annealing experiments have been carried out over a wide temperature range (200--700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) to study the mechanisms of the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation. The annealed samples were analyzed by means of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements, and polarized light microscopy. The x-ray diffraction and magnetization results show that the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation proceeds isothermally, indicating an oxygen diffusion-controlled process. Data from the polarized light microscopy show that a phase boundary exists between the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phases, which moves gradually as a result of oxygen diffusion, from the sample surface towards the center, as annealing time is extended. Twinning occurs as oxygen is increased to just above 6.5, and twin boundaries are found to extend through all the grains even near the moving phase boundary. This twinning clearly indicates a martensite-related shear transformation. Transport properties, diffusion mechanisms, and the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation process are discussed.
Minimal residual disease levels assessed by NPM1 mutation–specific RQ-PCR provide important prognostic information in AML (2009)

Nucleophosmin (NPM1)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is recognized as a provisional entity in the World Health Organization 2008 classification of myeloid neoplasms, accounts for 30% of AML. We analyzed 1227 diagnostic and follow-up samples in 252 NPM1-mutated AML patients with 17 different NPM1 mutation-specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) assays. Paired diagnostic/relapse samples of 84 patients revealed stable NPM1 mutations in all cases, suggesting that they are pathogenetically early events and thus applicable for minimal residual disease detection. A total of 47 relapses were predictable because of an NPM1 mutation level (%NPM1/ABL1) increase of at least 1 log or in 15 cases because of NPM1 mutation levels not decreasing less than 3 log ranges. A high prognostic value of NPM1 levels was shown for 4 different intervals after therapy was initiated. Furthermore, thresholds of 0.1 and 0.01%NPM1/ABL1 during/after treatment discriminated between prognostic subgroups. Univariate analyses, including age, white blood cell count, blast count, CD34 positivity, FLT3 mutations status, FAB type, karyotype, NPM1 mutation type, and pretreatment NPM1 mutational level, showed that, besides NPM1 mutation level, only age and FLT3-LM mutation status were prognostically significant for EFS. Multivariate analysis, including age, FLT3-LM status, and NPM1 mutation level at different time points, demonstrated that NPM1 level was the most relevant prognostic factor during first-line treatment. Similar results were obtained in patients undergoing second-line chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
A Feasibility Study of Cyclophosphamide, Trastuzumab, and an Allogeneic GM-CSF–Secreting Breast Tumor Vaccine for HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer (2014)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting tumor vaccines are bioactive, but limited by disease burden and immune tolerance. Cyclophosphamide augments vaccine activity in tolerant neu mice and in patients with metastatic breast cancer. HER2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) enhance vaccine activity in neu mice. We hypothesized that cyclophosphamide-modulated vaccination with HER2-specific mAb safely induces relevant HER2-specific immunity in neu mice and patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Adding both cyclophosphamide and the HER2-specific mAb 7.16.4 to vaccination maximized HER2-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and tumor-free survival in neu transgenic mice. We, therefore, conducted a single-arm feasibility study of cyclophosphamide, an allogeneic HER2+ GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor vaccine, and weekly trastuzumab in 20 patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Primary clinical trial objectives were safety and clinical benefit, in which clinical benefit represents complete response + partial response + stable disease. Secondary study objectives were to assess HER2-specific T-cell responses by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and intracellular cytokine staining. Patients received three monthly vaccinations, with a boost 6 to 8 months from trial entry. This combination immunotherapy was safe, with clinical benefit rates at 6 months and 1 year of 55% [95% confidence interval (CI), 32%-77%; P = 0.013] and 40% (95% CI, 19%-64%), respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival durations were 7 months (95% CI, 4-16) and 42 months (95% CI, 22-70), respectively. Increased HER2-specific DTH developed in 7 of 20 patients [of whom 4 had clinical benefit (95% CI, 18-90)], with a trend toward longer progression-free survival and overall survival in DTH responders. Polyfunctional HER2-specific CD8+ T cells progressively expanded across vaccination cycles. Further investigation of cyclophosphamide-modulated vaccination with trastuzumab is warranted.
The Effects of Sericin Cream on Wound Healing in Rats (2007)

Sericin has good hydrophilic properties, compatibility, and biodegradation, it can be used as a wound-healing agent. We evaluated the effects of sericin on wound healing and wound size reduction using rats by generating two full-thickness skin wounds on the dorsum. Group 1 animals were treated with Betadine on left-side (control) wounds and, with 8% sericin cream on right-side (treated) wounds. Group 2, cream base (formula control) and 8% sericin cream (treated) were topically applied to left-, and right-side wounds respectively. Sericin-treated wounds had much smaller inflammatory reactions, and wound-size reduction was much greater than in the control throughout the inspection period. Mean time in days for 90% healing from sericin-treated wounds was also much less than for cream base-treated wounds. Histological examination after 15 d of treatment with 8% sericin cream revealed complete healing, no ulceration, and an increase in collagen as compared to cream base-treated wounds, which showed some ulceration and acute inflammatory exudative materials.
A three terminal Josephson junction with a semiconducting two-dimensional electron gas layer (1987)

We have performed simple model calculations of a three terminal, voltage regulated superconducting device. It consists of superconducting source and drain electrodes separated by a controlled weak superconducting link, i.e. a semiconductor where the charge carrier concentration can be varied by a gate voltage. The gate is separated from the semiconductor by a thin insulator and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) can be induced at the semiconductor surface in the case of strong inversion. The 2DEG transport properties determine the supercurrent flow between the electrodes. The device I-V characteristics have been calculated for several gate voltages using parameters typical for SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /p-InSb and AlGaAs/p-GaAs junctions.
Cryptfs: A Stackable Vnode Level Encryption File System (1998)

Data encryption has become an increasingly important factor in everyday work. Users seek a method of securing their data with maximum comfort and minimum additional requirements on their part; they want a security system that protects any files used by any of their applications, without resorting to application-specific encryption methods. Performance is an important factor to users since encryption can be time consuming. Operating system vendors want to provide this functionality but without incurring the large costs of developing a new file system. This paper describes the design and implementation of Cryptfs -- a file system that was designed as a stackable Vnode layer loadable kernel module. Cryptfs operates by 'encapsulating' a client file system with a layer of encryption transparent to the user. Being kernel resident, Cryptfs performs better than user-level or NFS based file servers such as CFS and TCFS. It is 2 to 37 times faster on micro-benchmarks such as read and write; this translates to 12-52\%application speedup, as exemplified by a large build. Cryptfs offers stronger security by basing its keys on process session IDs as well as user IDs, and by the fact that kernel memory is harder to access. Working at and above the vnode level, Cryptfs is more portable than a file system which works directly with native media such as disks and networks. Cryptfs can operate on top of any other native file system such as UFS/FFS and NFS. Finally, Cryptfs requires no changes to client file systems or remote servers.
The role of solute accumulation, osmotic adjustment and changes in cell wall elasticity in drought tolerance in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.) (1998)

Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) is a major fruit tree crop of the north-west Indian arid zone. In a study of the physiological basis of drought tolerance in this species, two glasshouse experiments were conducted in which trees were droughted during single stresscycles. In the first experiment, during a 13 d drying cycle, pre-dawn leaf water (ψleaf) and osmotic (ψπ) potentials in droughted trees declined from −0.5 and −1.4 MPa to −1.7 and −2.2 MPa, respectively, for a decrease in relative water content (θ) of 14%. During drought stress, changes in sugar metabolism were associated with significant increases in concentrations of hexose sugars (3.8-fold), cyclitol (scylloinositol; 1.5-fold), and proline (35-fold; expressed per unit dry weight), suggesting that altered solute partitioning may be an important factor in drought tolerance of Ziziphus. On rewatering, pre-dawn ψleaf and θ recovered fully, but ψπ remained depressed by 0.4 MPa relative to control values, indicating that solute concentration per unit water content had changed during the drought cycle. Evidence for osmotic adjustment was provided from a second study during which a gradual drought was imposed. Pressure-volume analysis revealed a 0.7 MPa reduction in osmotic potential at full turgor, with ψleaf at turgor loss depressed by ∼ 1 MPa in drought-stressed leaves. Coupled with osmotic adjustment, during gradual drought, was a 65% increase in bulk tissue elastic modulus (wall rigidity) which resulted in turgor loss at the same θ in both stressed and unstressed leaves. The possible ecological significance of maintenance of turgor potential and cell volume at low water potentials for drought tolerance in Ziziphus is discussed.
Frequency Domain Turbo Equalization for Single-Carrier Wireless Systems Using High-order Modulation (2009)

The frequency domain Turbo equalization is applied to single-carrier wireless systems using high-order modulation,and an algorithm is proposed to convert the decoder A posteriori LLRs into symbols and a method to generate bit metric by using LLRs. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach has significant BER performance and complexity advantage,thus improving the performance of the whole system with high bandwidth utilization.
The electroanalytical detection of hydrazine: A comparison of the use of palladium nanoparticles supported on boron-doped diamond and palladium plated BDD microdisc array (2005)

We show that both a random distribution of palladium nanoparticles supported on a BDD electrode or a palladium plated BDD microelectrode array can each provide a sensing platform for the electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine. The palladium nanoparticle modified electrode displays a sensitivity and limit of detection of 60 mA mol(-1) L and 2.6 microM respectively while the array has a sensitivity of 8 mA mol(-1) L with a detection limit of 1.8 microM. The beneficial cost implications of using palladium nano- or micro-particles in sensors compared to a palladium macroelectrode are evident. Interestingly the array of the nanoparticles shows similar sensitivity and limit of detection to the microelectrode array which probably indicates that the random distribution of the former leads to 'clumps' of nanoparticles that effectively act as microelectrodes.
User-Managed Access (UMA) Profile of OAuth 2.0 (2016)

User-Managed Access (UMA) is a profile of OAuth 2.0. UMA defines how
resource owners can control protected-resource access by clients
operated by arbitrary requesting parties, where the resources reside
on any number of resource servers, and where a centralized
authorization server governs access based on resource owner policies.
Safety and Efficacy of Inpatient Initiation of Dofetilide versus Sotalol for atrial fibrillation (2017)

Of 378 patients, 298 (78.8%) received DF and 80 (21.2%) SL, mean age was 64 ± 11 years, 90% were Caucasians and 66% were males. Among the patients who remained in AF upon admission (DF: 215/298 (72%) vs. SL: 48/80 (60%)), no significant differences were noted in pharmacological cardioversion rates (DF: 125/215(58%) vs. SL: 30/48 (62.5%); p = 0.58). Baseline QTc was similar between the groups, with higher dose dependent QTc prolongation with DF (472.25± 31.3 vs. 458± 27.03; p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the rates of adverse events such as bradycardia (7.4% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.26), Torsades de pointes (1.3% vs. 1.2%; p = 1.00), and drug discontinuation (9.0% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.47) between the two groups.
OptInOpt: Dual Optimization for Automatic Camera Calibration by Multi-Target Observations (2019)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to automatic calibration of surveillance cameras. The proposed method is based on observing rigid objects in the scene and automatically estimating landmarks on these objects. The proposed approach can use arbitrary rigid objects, as was verified by experiments with a synthetic dataset, but vehicles were used during our experiments with real-life data. Landmarks on objects automatically detected by a convolutional neural network together with corresponding 3D positions in the object coordinate system are exploited during the camera calibration process. To determine 3D positions of the landmarks, fine-grained classification of the detected vehicles in the image plane is necessary. The proposed calibration method consists of dual optimization-optimization of objects' positions in the world coordinate system and also optimization of the calibration parameters to minimize the re-projection error of the localized landmarks. The experiments show improvement in calibration accuracy over the existing method solving a similar problem furthermore with fewer restrictions on the input data. The calibration error on a real world dataset decreased from 6.88% to 2.85%.