gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gα <sub>i2</sub> Signaling Promotes Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Myoblast Differentiation, and Muscle Regeneration (2011)

Skeletal muscle atrophy results in loss of strength and an increased risk of mortality. We found that lysophosphatidic acid, which activates a G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor, stimulated skeletal muscle hypertrophy through activation of Gα(i2). Expression of a constitutively active mutant of Gα(i2) stimulated myotube growth and differentiation, effects that required the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) and protein kinase C. In addition, expression of the constitutively active Gα(i2) mutant inhibited atrophy caused by the cachectic cytokine TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α) by blocking an increase in the abundance of the mRNA encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 (muscle ring finger 1). Gα(i2) activation also enhanced muscle regeneration and caused a switch to oxidative fibers. Our study thus identifies a pathway that promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and differentiation and demonstrates that Gα(i2)-induced signaling can act as a counterbalance to MuRF1-mediated atrophy, indicating that receptors that act through Gα(i2) might represent potential targets for preventing skeletal muscle wasting.
Scheuermannʼs Kyphosis— Long-Term Results of Milwaukee Brace Treatment (1981)

A review of 203 patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis is presented. The modified Milwaukee brace was used in 62 patients. Thirty-nine patients wore the brace for an average of 18 months. The pretreatment kyphosis averaged 62 degrees, and the curve at the completion of brace treatment averaged 41 degrees. Follow-up of more than 18 months after brace wear showed an average 15 degrees loss of correction. Wedging of the vertebral bodies improved from 7.9 degrees to 6.8 degrees with brace treatment. To provide permanent correction, vertebral wedging must improve to approximately 5 degrees. Most patients will require full-time brace wear of longer than 18 months to effect this improvement in vertebral wedging. The brace can improve kyphotic curves greater than 75 degrees.
Extensional deformation of Newtonian liquid bridges (1996)

A numerical investigation is presented of axisymmetric, static and elongating, viscous Newtonian liquid bridges confined between identical circular disks. The time-dependent interface shapes and applied forces on the end plates, which separate at a constant prescribed velocity, are calculated as functions of the capillary number, the viscosity ratio between the inner and outer fluids, and an initial bridge configuration characterized by the aspect ratio. The numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and provide useful insight into the different dynamical responses of extending liquid bridge configurations. In particular, liquid bridges surrounded by fluids of a relatively small viscosity deform in a fore-aft symmetrical manner and undergo breakup sooner than in the case of relatively viscous outer fluids, which also require a greater applied force on the end plates to maintain the desired motion. Decreasing the capillary number (increasing interfacial tension) and the initial aspect ratio result in shorter bridge lengths prior to breakup and an increase in the applied forces on the end plates.
Development and evaluation of deep learning for screening dental caries from oral photographs (2020)

The deep learning model is promising to detect dental caries on oral photographs captured with consumer cameras. It can be useful for enabling the preliminary and cost-effective screening of dental caries among large populations.
<i>sel-10,</i> a negative regulator of <i>lin-12</i> activity in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans,</i> encodes a member of the CDC4 family of proteins (1997)

Mutations that influence lin-12 activity in Caenorhabditis elegans may identify conserved factors that regulate the activity of lin-12/Notch proteins. We describe genetic evidence indicating that sel-10 is a negative regulator of lin-12/Notch-mediated signaling in C. elegans. Sequence analysis shows that SEL-10 is a member of the CDC4 family of proteins and has a potential human ortholog. Coimmunoprecipitation data indicate that C. elegans SEL-10 complexes with LIN-12 and with murine Notch4. We propose that SEL-10 promotes the ubiquitin-mediated turnover of LIN-12/Notch proteins, and discuss potential roles for the regulation of lin-12/Notch activity by sel-10 in cell fate decisions and tumorigenesis.
Preparations for Tomographic Background-Oriented Schlieren Measurements in the 11-by 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel (2020)

Efforts from a collaboration involving NASA's Langley, Glenn, and Ames Research Centers to construct and test a tomographic background-oriented schlieren system in preparation for testing at the Ames 11-by 11-foot Transonic Wind Tunnel are discussed. To prepare for the test and to evaluate the probability of success, a mock-up of the tunnel test section was constructed at Langley. Schematics and renderings of the tunnel were used to place eight gigabit Ethernet CMOS cameras circumferentially around approximately 180 degrees of the mock-up. Camera modules designed in-house were used to provide on-axis lighting to get maximum intensity return from the retroreflective backgrounds. A data acquisition system was designed to control the eight cameras and light sources with an acquisition rate of 4 Hz. A novel method for creation of the speckled background was developed for the test, enabling simple application and removal of the material on the tunnel walls. A tea light candle and a heat gun with two different nozzle shape attachments were used to provide an index of refraction gradient field to assess the quality of the 2D and tomographic results from the system. The heat gun was again used as an initial test article after the camera system had been set up at the Ames tunnel, giving similar results to those seen at the mock-up, and indicating a high probability of success for the testing campaign.
Sub-pixel non-parametric PSF estimation for image enhancement (1997)

Applying standard resolution enhancement and sub-pixel measurement techniques to an imaging system is problematic when the system characteristics are not known. The importance of precise system characterisation is often underestimated in resolution enhancement and sub-pixel measurement. The methods presented allow accurate sub-pixel measurements of system characteristics to be made with minimal assumptions. The non-parametric technique developed accurately characterises the properties of an imaging system. This is demonstrated by measuring the point spread function (PSF), along with static and dynamic distortions, for a high precision thermal imaging system to sub-pixel accuracy. The PSF is estimated to ±0.1 of a pixel and imaging system errors to the order of ±0.1 of a pixel are identified. The improved precision of PSF estimation is shown to benefit resolution enhancement. A novel feature of the method used to estimate the PSF (and to enhance the image) is that the estimation of the spatially invariant sub-pixel PSF and of geometric distortion are performed independently.
Wireless cracking: there's an app for that (2012)

Recent advances in the graphics processor power – and software that exploits that processor power – mean that it is now possible to assemble a Windows PC capable of brute force password cracking at speeds of several million attempts every second. And network scanning and cracking tools are now even making it on to smartphones and tablets. Recent advances in processor power mean that it is now possible to assemble a Windows PC capable of brute force password cracking at speeds of several million attempts every second. And network scanning and cracking tools are now even making it on to smartphones and tablets. Most app-based tools for network reconnaissance and enumeration are available on the Android platform, although there are useful apps on Apple's iOS platform too. Steve Gold looks at the current state of the technology, tries out a couple of the apps and shows how useful they can be to the security researcher or penetration tester.
Fast Sequence Repetition Node-Based Successive Cancellation List Decoding for Polar Codes (2022)

Compared with the bit-wise successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes, the node-based Fast SCL decoding significantly reduces the decoding latency by identifying special constituent codes and decoding these in parallel. To further reduce the latency of current Fast SCL decoders, we first propose a fast sequence repetition (SR) node-based SCL (Fast SR-SCL) decoding algorithm, which only involves one type of node in the SCL decoding tree. Furthermore, we employ the adaptive path splitting (APS) strategy to terminate the path splitting in the SR node early, without degrading the error-correcting performance. Numerical results show that for 5G uplink codes with a length of 1024 and rates of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4, our decoder can deliver the same decoding performance while reducing the average latency by 34.5%, 38.0%, and 39.6% compared with the state-of-the-art Fast SCL decoder for a list size L = 8.
Experimental investigation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow (2018)

We present results on the global and local characterisation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow. Experimental measurements were performed with and without the injection of ${\sim}2.5~\text{mm}$ diameter bubbles (corresponding to bubble Reynolds number $Re_{b}\approx 600$ ) in a rectangular water column heated from one side and cooled from the other. The gas volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ was varied in the range 0 %–5 %, and the Rayleigh number $Ra_{H}$ in the range $4.0\times 10^{9}{-}1.2\times 10^{11}$ . We find that the global heat transfer is enhanced up to 20 times due to bubble injection. Interestingly, for bubbly flow, for our lowest concentration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0.5\,\%$ onwards, the Nusselt number $\overline{Nu}$ is nearly independent of $Ra_{H}$ , and depends solely on the gas volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ . We observe the scaling $\overline{Nu}\,\propto \,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}^{0.45}$ , which is suggestive of a diffusive transport mechanism, as found by Alméras et al. ( J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 776, 2015, pp. 458–474). Through local temperature measurements, we show that the bubbles induce a huge increase in the strength of liquid temperature fluctuations, e.g. by a factor of 200 for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0.9\,\%$ . Further, we compare the power spectra of the temperature fluctuations for the single- and two-phase cases. In the single-phase cases, most of the spectral power of the temperature fluctuations is concentrated in the large-scale rolls/motions. However, with the injection of bubbles, we observe intense fluctuations over a wide range of scales, extending up to very high frequencies. Thus, while in the single-phase flow the thermal boundary layers control the heat transport, once the bubbles are injected, the bubble-induced liquid agitation governs the process from a very small bubble concentration onwards. Our findings demonstrate that the mixing induced by high Reynolds number bubbles ( $Re_{b}\approx 600$ ) offers a powerful mechanism for heat transport enhancement in natural convection systems.
Syndromes of Telomere Shortening (2009)

Telomeres and telomerase were initially discovered in pursuit of questions about how the ends of chromosomes are maintained. The implications of these discoveries to age-related disease have emerged in recent years with the recognition of a group of telomere-mediated syndromes. Telomere-mediated disease was initially identified in the context of dyskeratosis congenita, a rare syndrome of premature aging. More recently, mutations in telomerase components were identified in adults with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These findings have revealed that the spectrum of telomere-mediated disease is broad and includes clinical presentations in both children and adults. We have previously proposed that these disorders be collectively considered as syndromes of telomere shortening. Here, the spectrum of these disorders and the unique telomere genetics that underlies them are reviewed. I also propose broader clinical criteria for defining telomere-mediated syndromes outside of dyskeratosis congenita, with the goal of facilitating their diagnosis and highlighting their pathophysiology.
A Subset of CD4 <sup>+</sup> Thymocytes Selected by MHC Class I Molecules (1994)

To complete their maturation, most immature thymocytes depend on the simultaneous engagement of their antigen receptor [alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR)] and their CD4 or CD8 coreceptors with major histocompatibility complex class II or I ligands, respectively. However, a normal subset of mature alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes did not follow these rules. These thymocytes expressed NK1.1 and a restricted set of alpha beta TCRs that are intrinsically class I-reactive because their positive selection was class I-dependent but CD8-independent. These cells were CD4+ and CD4-8- but never CD8+, because the presence of CD8 caused negative selection. Thus, neither CD4 nor CD8 contributes signals that direct their maturation into the CD4+ and CD4-8- lineages.
Visuohaptic borescope inspection simulation training: modeling multi-point collision detection/response and evaluating skills transfer (2010)

Figure 1: Visual comparison of intersection response of actual and virtual probe at 30 ◦ angle of incidence (for visualization purposes only—the user’s viewpoint is from the probe’s tip); inspection of PT-6 aircraft engine using actual borescope, with operator’s view of the camera output. Results are presented from a transfer effects study of a visuohaptic borescope simulator developed for non-destructive aircraft inspec-tion training. The borescope simulator supports multi-point colli-sion detection to effect haptic feedback as the virtual probe slides along and collides with rigid surfaces. Such probe maneuvering is shown to be a significant aspect of the inspection task that benefits from training, regardless of whether a real or virtual probe simula-tor is used to provide the training.
gp 58/68, a parasite component that contributes to the escape of the trypomastigote form of T. cruzi from damage by the human alternative complement pathway. (1988)

A glycoprotein of apparent molecular weight 58,000 (unreduced)/68,000 (in its reduced form) (gp 58/68), which is one of the fibronectin/collagen receptors of Trypanosoma cruzi, was purified to homogeneity from the trypomastigote forms of the Tehuantepec and Y strains of the parasite. Purified gp 58/68 inhibited formation of cell-bound and fluid-phase alternative pathway C3 convertase in a dose-dependent fashion, as assessed using purified human complement components. Gp 58/68 differed from the human regulatory proteins H, DAF, MCP and CR1 and from previously reported regulatory proteins on the parasite membrane in that it was unable to enhance decay-dissociation of preformed alternative pathway C3 convertase sites, did not serve as a co-factor for I-mediated cleavage of C3b and had no inhibitory activity on the classical pathway convertases. The inhibitory effect of gp 58/68 was most likely dependent on an interaction of the protein with factor B rather than with C3b. Gp 58/68 provides trypomastigotes with an additional potential mechanism for escaping complement lysis by the human alternative pathway.
Comparative study between the improved schemes of MAF-based robust PLLs (2015)

Phase-Looked loop (PLL) is nowadays the best suited technique to achieve grid synchronization. The Moving Average Filter (MAF) based PLLs have received in recent three years considerable attention owing to their attractive features. Indeed, they are able to completely eliminate the unwanted effect of harmonics, dc offset, and unbalanced voltages. Unfortunately, these advantages are paid in term of open-loop bandwidth reduction which worsens the system's dynamic response. To overcome this limitation, a variety of improved MAF-PLLs schemes were developed to improve the dynamic response. The main objective of this paper is therefore to perform an assessment and a comparative study between the performances these new improved PLL schemes. The proposed study is based on numerical simulation carried out for five cases of grid disturbances.
<title>Nondestructive pulsed infrared quantitative evaluation of metals</title> (1996)

A nondestructive technique for the quantitative evaluation of defects in metal structures is described. The surface of the metal is irradiated by a short xenon lamp pulse and monitored by a thermal image processor. The analysis relates to the time decay signal of the front face temperature, which contains information on the thermophysical properties and subsurface defects of the material. The time history of the surface temperature is then used to quantify the substructure of the material. Applications for the inspection of aluminum, steel, and turbine blades are presented.
APIDiff: Detecting API breaking changes (2018)

Libraries are commonly used to increase productivity. As most software systems, they evolve over time and changes are required. However, this process may involve breaking compatibility with previous versions, leading clients to fail. In this context, it is important that libraries creators and clients frequently assess API stability in order to better support their maintenance practices. In this paper, we introduce APIDIFF, a tool to identify API breaking and non-breaking changes between two versions of a Java library. The tool detects changes on three API elements: types, methods, and fields. We also report usage scenarios of APIDIFF with four real-world Java libraries.
Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensors Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Hemoglobin (2012)

This review focuses recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical biosensors for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), based on the Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Hemoglobin (Hb) modified electrodes. Various modified electrodes have been used for the determination of H 2 O 2 by using electrochemical methods. HRP and Hb are the mostly used materials for the modification of electrodes. Here, we summarize the recent trends of the modification of electrodes, as well as development of the electrochemical H 2 O 2 biosensors. In addition, the detection mechanism of H 2 O 2 for different modified electrodes has been described.
A simple technique for the long‐term non‐polarised and polarised culture of human fallopian tube epithelial cells (1994)

Fallopian tubes were obtained from 25 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Pieces of fallopian tube mucosa were placed in culture flasks containing minimum essential medium in Earle's salts supplemented with fetal bovine serum. First passage was carried out after 7-10 days and subcultures in 4-5 days. For polarised cell culture, epithelial cells were seeded onto an extracellular matrix system. New epithelial cells were seen on day 2-3 of the primary culture and epithelial patches on day 7-10. Cells reached confluence in 4-5 days in subcultures. The cells could be subcultured for 7-11 passages with a life span of 42-60 days. Epithelial origins of the cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining with anti-cytokeratin antibody. Polarised cells showed a columnar pattern, microvilli on their apical surface and basally located nucleus whereas non-polarised cells were flat. It was concluded that the human fallopian tube epithelial cells can be cultured in vitro to create non-polarised and polarised cell layers by using a simple and reproducible technique and this system can be a potential model to study function of the fallopian tube.
Structural Changes Are Associated with Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Fusion Protein Attachment Protein Receptor Complex Formation (1997)

SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin play a key role in the regulated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, but their mechanism of action is not understood. In vitro, the proteins spontaneously assemble into a ternary complex that can be dissociated by the ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein and the cofactors alpha-, beta-, and gamma-SNAP. Since the structural changes associated with these reactions probably form the basis of membrane fusion, we have embarked on biophysical studies aimed at elucidating such changes in vitro using recombinant proteins. All proteins were purified in a monomeric form. Syntaxin showed significant alpha-helicity, whereas SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin exhibited characteristics of largely unstructured proteins. Formation of the ternary complex induced dramatic increases in alpha-helicity and in thermal stability. This suggests that structure is induced in SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin upon complex formation. In addition, the stoichiometry changed from 2:1 in the syntaxin-SNAP-25 complex to 1:1:1 in the ternary complex. We propose that the transition from largely unstructured monomers to a tightly packed, energetically favored ternary complex connecting two membranes is a key step in overcoming energy barriers for membrane fusion.
A voice-coil actuated ultrasound micro-scanner for intraoral high resolution impression taking (2012)

Silicone based impression-taking of prepared teeth followed by plaster casting is well-established but potentially less reliable, error-prone and inefficient for newly emerging techniques such as computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of dental prosthetics. Intra-oral optical scanners have been introduced to increase efficiency of CAM but no breakthrough occurred so far. Oral liquids such as saliva, blood and sulcular fluid are still one of the main problems since the preparation area must be completely dry. Moreover, sub-gingival preparations need to be uncovered invasively prior to scanning and a reflecting powder coating is required in some cases. High frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has been recently introduced as an alternative to optical scanning. Ultrasound is less sensitive against oral fluids and in principal able to penetrate gingiva in a patient-friendly and cost-effective way. Although HFUS systems have been introduced for ophthalmology, dermatology or small animal imaging, none of them suits the challenging requirements and high accuracy demands for intra-oral micro-scanning of prepared teeth. For this reason, we conceived a new ultrasonic micro-scanning device based on a voice-coil actuated spherically focused HFUS transducer for intra-oral use. The system, which is designed for both highly dynamic accurate positioning and micrometer-resolution, is supplied with a sensor providing position feedback for motion control as well as the ultrasound trigger engine. In this contribution, we describe the set-up and evaluate the lateral displacement of the micro-scanners end-effector with respect to the oscillation rate using laser triangulation. The results are in good agreement to the requirements of an intra-oral ultrasound based micro-scanner.