gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guided Bone Regeneration with Novel Bioabsorbable Membranes (2003)

Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a method for bone tissue regeneration. In this method, membranes are used to cover bone defects and to block the invasion of the surrounding soft tissues. It would provide sufficient time for the osteogenic cells from bone marrow to proliferate and form new bony tissues. In spite of the potential usefulness of this method, no appropriate materials for the GBR membrane have been developed. Here we design the ideal mechanical properties of the GBR membranes and created novel materials, which is the composite of β-tricalcium phosphate and block copolymer of L-lactide, glycolide and ε-caplolactone. In the animal experiments with the use of the trial products, we observed significant enhancement in the bone regeneration and proved the effectiveness of the materials.
A Compact Envelope-Memory Polynomial for RF Transmitters Modeling With Application to Baseband and RF-Digital Predistortion (2008)

In this letter, a compact envelope-memory polynomial based model, suitable for forward and reverse modeling of weakly nonlinear wireless transmitters and power amplifiers (PAs) exhibiting electrical memory effects, is presented. This model is implemented in a complex gain based architecture and takes advantage of the dependency of PA nonlinearity on the magnitude of the input signal. Contrary to conventional memory polynomials, the proposed model can be implemented in baseband, as well as in radio frequency, digital predistorters. A 100-W average power transmitter is used for experimental validation of the forward and reverse models. Both forward and reverse modeling results obtained with the proposed model are comparable to that of the conventional memory polynomial.
Biogenic formation of photoactive arsenic-sulfide nanotubes by <i>Shewanella</i> sp. strain HN-41 (2007)

Microorganisms facilitate the formation of a wide range of minerals that have unique physical and chemical properties as well as morphologies that are not produced by abiotic processes. Here, we report the production of an extensive extracellular network of filamentous, arsenic-sulfide (As-S) nanotubes (20-100 nm in diameter by approximately 30 mum in length) by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella sp. HN-41. The As-S nanotubes, formed via the reduction of As(V) and S(2)O(3)(2-), were initially amorphous As(2)S(3) but evolved with increasing incubation time toward polycrystalline phases of the chalcogenide minerals realgar (AsS) and duranusite (As(4)S). Upon maturation, the As-S nanotubes behaved as metals and semiconductors in terms of their electrical and photoconductive properties, respectively. The As-S nanotubes produced by Shewanella may provide useful materials for novel nano- and opto-electronic devices.
Prostate stem Cell Antigen (PSCA): A Promising Marker and Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer (2002)

Abstract : PSCA is a cell surface antigen expressed in normal prostate, which was previously shown by our group to be overexpressed (when compared to expression in normal prostate) in a significant percentage (30-40%) of prostate cancers Our initial analysis suggested that PSCA expression might be higher in tumors of higher Gleason score and stage and in bone metastases The major goal of the current proposal was to establish prostate tissue arrays and test the hypothesis that PSCA expression could be used prognostically. We also wanted to see if PSCA could identify patients who might be candidates for anti- PSCA antibody therapy. Finally, we wanted to ask whether PSCA expression in bone marrow could identify patients at high risk to recur after initial therapy with prostatectomy.
Penrose Pixels for Super-Resolution (2010)

We present a novel approach to reconstruction-based super-resolution that uses aperiodic pixel tilings, such as a Penrose tiling or a biological retina, for improved performance. To this aim, we develop a new variant of the well-known error back projection super-resolution algorithm that makes use of the exact detector model in its back projection operator for better accuracy. Pixels in our model can vary in shape and size, and there may be gaps between adjacent pixels. The algorithm applies equally well to periodic or aperiodic pixel tilings. We present analysis and extensive tests using synthetic and real images to show that our approach using aperiodic layouts substantially outperforms existing reconstruction-based algorithms for regular pixel arrays. We close with a discussion of the feasibility of manufacturing CMOS or CCD chips with pixels arranged in Penrose tilings.
Time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability for sleep and wake classification (2012)

This paper describes a method to adapt the spectral features extracted from heart rate variability (HRV) for sleep and wake classification. HRV series can be derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals obtained from single-night polysomnography (PSG) recordings. Traditionally, the HRV spectral features are extracted from the spectrum of an HRV series with fixed boundaries specifying bands of very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF). However, because they are fixed, they may fail to accurately reflect certain aspects of autonomic nervous activity, which in turn may limit their discriminative power when using HRV spectral features, e.g., in sleep and wake classification. This is in part related to the fact that the sympathetic tone (partially reflected in the LF band) and the respiratory activity (modulated in the HF band) will vary over time. In order to minimize the impact of these differences, we adapt the HRV spectral boundaries using time-frequency analysis. Experiments conducted on a dataset acquired from 15 healthy subjects show that the discriminative power of the adapted HRV spectral features are significantly increased when classifying sleep and wake. Additionally, this method also provides a significant improvement of the overall classification performance when used in combination with some other (non-spectral) HRV features.
Positively charged membrane for urea dialysis (1978)

Positively charged, porous membrane dividing two chamber dialysis machine allows urease decomposition within system while preventing return flow of ammonium ions to patient.
<title>Family of image compression algorithms which are robust to transmission errors</title> (1996)

In this work, we present a new family of image compression algorithms derived from Shapiro's embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coder. These new algorithms introduce robustness to transmission errors into the bit stream while still preserving its embedded structure. This is done by partitioning the wavelet coefficients into groups, coding each group independently, and interleaving the bit streams for transmission, thus if one bit is corrupted, then only one of these bit streams will be truncated in the decoder. If each group of wavelet coefficients uniformly spans the entire image, then the objective and subjective qualities of the reconstructed image are very good. To illustrate the advantages of this new family, we compare it to the conventional EZW coder. For example, one variation has a peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) slightly lower than that of the conventional algorithm when no errors occur, but when a single error occurs at bit 1000, the PSNR of the new coder is well over 5 dB higher for both test images. Finally, we note that the new algorithms do not increase the complexity of the overall system and, in fact, they are far more easily parallelized than the conventional EZW coder.
<title>Optical control system for millimeter-wave phased-array antennas</title> (1993)

Novel compact electrooptic control systems are introduced for microwave and millimeter wave phased array antennas that use dual-laser frequency heterodyning techniques for radio frequency (rf) signal generation, and nematic liquid crystals for rf phase and amplitude control.
Cold Sintering: A Paradigm Shift for Processing and Integration of Ceramics (2016)

This paper describes a sintering technique for ceramics and ceramic-based composites, using water as a transient solvent to effect densification (i.e. sintering) at temperatures between room temperature and 200 °C. To emphasize the incredible reduction in sintering temperature relative to conventional thermal sintering this new approach is named the "Cold Sintering Process" (CSP). Basically CSP uses a transient aqueous environment to effect densification by a mediated dissolution-precipitation process. CSP of NaCl, alkali molybdates and V2 O5 with small concentrations of water are described in detail, but the process is extended and demonstrated for a diverse range of chemistries (oxides, carbonates, bromides, fluorides, chlorides and phosphates), multiple crystal structures, and multimaterial applications. Furthermore, the properties of selected CSP samples are demonstrated to be essentially equivalent as samples made by conventional thermal sintering.
A reduced model for interactive hairs (2014)

Realistic hair animation is a crucial component in depicting virtual characters in interactive applications. While much progress has been made in high-quality hair simulation, the overwhelming computation cost hinders similar fidelity in realtime simulations. To bridge this gap, we propose a data-driven solution. Building upon precomputed simulation data, our approach constructs a reduced model to optimally represent hair motion characteristics with a small number of guide hairs and the corresponding interpolation relationships. At runtime, utilizing such a reduced model, we only simulate guide hairs that capture the general hair motion and interpolate all rest strands. We further propose a hair correction method that corrects the resulting hair motion with a position-based model to resolve hair collisions and thus captures motion details. Our hair simulation method enables a simulation of a full head of hairs with over 150K strands in realtime. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our method with various hairstyles and driven motions (e.g., head movement and wind force), and compared against full simulation results that does not appear in the training data.
Wave-number analysis of active structural acoustic control of sound transmission through a panel (1992)

Active control of sound transmission through elastic structures, such as panels using structural inputs, has received considerable attention in recent years. The active control technique of improving structural transmission loss (TL) by applying control forces directly to the transmitting structure using single or multiple piezoelectric actuators mounted on the structure rather than using acoustic canceling sources is known as active structural acoustic control (ASAC) method. This paper presents results of experimental investigations of ASAC method in improving the TL of a panel. Wave-number analysis was employed to understand the mechanism of improving the TL of a panel using multiple piezoceramic actuators. Experiments were conducted to measure near-field sound radiation from a baffled panel (dimensions: 1.75 m×1.14 m×1.27 mm) subjected to acoustic excitation for both with and without active control conditions. The active control of the panel TL was achieved by four piezoceramic actuators mounted on the panel. An array of four microphones placed about 1 m away from the panel were used as error transducers for a multiple-input multiple-output active control system. The transmitted acoustic field was measured by a two-dimensional array of microphones (array size: 22×14). The wave-number frequency spectra of the sound field were obtained by implementing Fourier transforms on the spatial domain data. Sound intensity measurements were also made to determine improvements in panel transmission loss. Comparison of measured wave-number spectrum for the active control condition with that of baseline (without control) showed that sound radiation from the acoustically fast lower-order modes at low wave numbers is significantly reduced. Results from the near-field acoustical holographic measurements will also be discussed. The relative reduction in sound power levels due to ASAC estimated from the near-field holographic measurements compared very well with those obtained from sound intensity measurements.
AFM probe for measuring ∼10−5 ultra-low friction coefficient: Design and application (2023)

Abstract Superlubricity provides a novel approach to addressing friction and wear issues in mechanical systems. However, little is known regarding improving the atomic force microscope (AFM) friction coefficient measurement resolution. Accordingly, this study established the theoretical formula for the AFM friction coefficient measurement and deduced the measurement resolution. Then, the formula was applied to the AFM probe with a rectangular cross-section cantilever. The measurement resolution is associated with the dimensional properties of the AFM probe, the mechanical properties of the cantilever material, the properties of the position-sensitive detector (PSD), and probably the anti-vibration performance of the AFM. It is feasible to make the cantilever as short as possible and the tip as high as possible to improve the measurement resolution. An AFM probe for measuring an ultra-low friction coefficient was designed and fabricated. The cantilever’s length, width, and thickness are 50, 35, and 0.6 µm, respectively. The tip height is 23 µm. The measurement resolution can reach 7.1×10 −6 under the maximum normal force. Moreover, the AFM probe was applied to measure the superlubricity between graphene layers. The friction coefficient is 0.00139 under 853.08 nN. This work provides a promising method for measuring a ∼10 −5 friction coefficient of superlubricity.
UCR (2018)

Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags that do not include an integrated circuit (IC) in the transponder are more appropriate for supply-chain management of low-cost commodities and have been gaining extensive attention due to their relatively lower price. However, existing chipless RFID tags consume considerable tag area and manufacturing time/cost because of complex fabrication process (e.g., requiring removing or shorting some resonators on the tag substrate to encode data). Worse still, their identifiers (IDs) are deterministic, clonable, and small in terms of bitwidth. To address these shortcomings and help preserve the cold chain for commodities (e.g., vaccines, pharmaceuticals, etc.) sensitive to temperature, we develop a novel unclonable environmentally sensitive chipless RFID (UCR) tag that intrinsically generates a unique ID from both manufacturing variations and ambient temperature variation. A UCR tag consists of two parts: (i) a certain number of concentric ring slot resonators integrated on a certain laminate (e.g., TACONIC TLX-0), whose resonance frequencies rely on geometric parameters of slot resonators and dielectric constant of substrate material that are sensitive to manufacturing variations, and (ii) a stand-alone circular ring slot resonator integrated on a particular substrate (e.g., grease) that will be melted at a high temperature, whose resonance frequency relies on geometric parameters of slot resonator, dielectric constant of substrate material, and ambient temperature. UCR tags have the capability to track commodities and their temperatures in the supply chain. The area of UCR tag is comparable to regular quick response (QR) code. Experimental results based on UCR tag prototypes have verified their uniqueness and reliability.
Carbon Dioxide-Mediated C( <i>sp</i> <sup>2</sup> )–H Arylation of Primary and Secondary Benzylamines (2019)

C-C bond formation by transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become an important strategy to fabricate new bonds in a rapid fashion. Despite the pharmacological importance of ortho-arylbenzylamines, however, effective ortho-C-C bond formation of free primary and secondary benzylamines using Pd<sup>II</sup> remains an outstanding challenge. Presented herein is a new strategy for constructing ortho-arylated primary and secondary benzylamines mediated by carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The use of CO<sub>2</sub> with Pd is critical to allowing this transformation to proceed under relatively mild conditions, and mechanistic studies indicate that it (CO<sub>2</sub>) is directly involved in the rate-determining step. Furthermore, the milder temperatures furnish free amine products that can be directly used or elaborated without the need for deprotection. In cases where diarylation is possible, an interesting chelate effect is shown to facilitate selective monoarylation.
Short Paper: Schemes for Enhancing the Denial-of-Service Tolerance of SRTP (2006)

Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) provides confidentiality, authentication, integrity and replay protection for secure media transport in VoIP. However, the overhead of HMAC-SHA1 incurred per packet makes SRTP susceptible to flooding based Denial-of-Service attack. In this paper, we present a class of schemes to increase the DoS tolerance in SRTP. The central idea is to add a light-weight authentication mechanism on top of SRTP. This mechanism is used to efficiently discard illegitimate packets early on in the face of a DoS attack. Analysis shows that substantially larger traffic flood can be handled with the proposed enhancements.
Direct Conversion of Adult Skin Fibroblasts to Endothelial Cells by Defined Factors (2014)

We demonstrated the first direct conversion of adult fibroblasts to functional ECs. These results suggest a novel therapeutic modality for cell therapy in ischemic vascular disease.
Low-Fire Bi-Based Dielectric Ceramics for Microwave Use. (1993)

We have investigated the substitution of Zn for Ca in Bi2O3-CaO-Nb2O5 system in order to improve the dielectric constant at microwave frequencies. CuO was added to lower sintering temperature. The refined composition was represented as 40.5BiO3/2-23.2(Ca.75 Zn.25)0-36.3NbO5/2 containing 0.2 wt% CuO. This ceramics could be sintered at 925°C and had excellent dielectric properties ; ε=95, Q=660(at 2.9GHz), and τf=+1ppm/°C. It is applicable to multilayer microwave devices with Ag Inner conductors.
Vapor synthesis of high‐activity catalysts for olefin polymerization (1986)

Abstract Vaporization of MgCl 2 and other metal halides results in monomeric gas‐phase species. Cocondensation of these species with organic diluents such as heptane yields highly activated solids which are precursors to MgCl 2 supported “high‐mileage” catalysts for olefin polymerization. These catalysts, prepared by treatment with TiCl 4 followed by standard activation with aluminum alkyls display high activity for ethylene and propylene polymerization. MgCl 2 can also be evaporated into neat TiCl 4 to give a related catalyst. The concentration of MgCl 2 in the diluent affects catalyst properties as does the nature of the diluent. TiCl 3 , 3TiCl 3 · AlCl 3 , VCl 3 and other metal halides are subject to similar activation.
Detection of<i>Eperythrozoon Suis</i>using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1993)

Eperythrozoon suis is an extracellular red blood cell parasite that causes icteroanemia in acutely ill pigs and a variety of syndromes in chronically infected pigs. Current techniques to detect E. suis infection are limited by variability of parasitemias and antibody responses in infected animals. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was investigated to determine its potential as a means of detecting E. suis infection in pigs. With DNA samples extracted from either purified E. suis organisms or E. suis-infected pig blood, PCR produced an amplification product 492 base pairs in length. This amplification product hybridized successfully with the fragment of the DNA probe from which the primer sequences had been selected. Sensitivity studies indicated that the PCR protocol was capable of amplifying total genomic E. suis DNA in quantities as low as 450 pg. When PCR was used with DNA from blood samples from a splenectomized pig that had been infected with E. suis, amplification products were detectable as early as 24 hours postinfection. This preliminary analysis indicates that PCR shows promise as a means of efficiently detecting E. suis infection in pigs.
A Novel Technique for Characterizing the Absolute Group Delay and Delay Linearity of Frequency Translation Devices (1999)

A novel technique for measuring the delay characteristics of a mixer using the time domain option on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is reported. The technique uses the measured reflection coefficient from a single mixer and utilizing the time domain option on the VNA, the data is transformed into the impulse response of the mixer. By placing several types of loads on the output port of the mixer, the absolute delay and delay linearity through the mixer can be determined. Typically broadband digital communication systems may often require delay linearity of several hundred picoseconds. As demonstrated by the measurements reported, this technique allows delay linearity to be measured with less than 12 psec peak deviation and less than one picosecond resolution.
Parasite polymorphism present within minimal T cell epitopes of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein. (1988)

Identification of T cell antigenic sites is critical for antisporozoite malarial vaccine design. Here, we present data that define two minimal functional T cell sites present in an immunogenic domain of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. These two sites overlap one another and correlate with polymorphic regions of the molecule. This suggests that these polymorphisms may be a result of pressure from immune T cells.
Regulation and Adaptive Evolution of Lactose Operon Expression in <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> (2002)

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis are both used in the dairy industry as homofermentative lactic acid bacteria in the production of fermented milk products. After selective pressure for the fast fermentation of milk in the manufacture of yogurts, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus loses its ability to regulate lac operon expression. A series of mutations led to the constitutive expression of the lac genes. A complex of insertion sequence (IS) elements (ISL4 inside ISL5), inserted at the border of the lac promoter, induced the loss of the palindromic structure of one of the operators likely involved in the binding of regulatory factors. A lac repressor gene was discovered downstream of the beta-galactosidase gene of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis and was shown to be inactivated by several mutations in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Regulatory mechanisms of the lac gene expression of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis were compared by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis of the two lac promoters in front of a reporter gene (beta-glucuronidase) in the presence or absence of the lac repressor gene. Insertion of the complex of IS elements in the lac promoter of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus increased the promoter's activity but did not prevent repressor binding; rather, it increased the affinity of the repressor for the promoter. Inactivation of the lac repressor by mutations was then necessary to induce the constitutive expression of the lac genes in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor expression and signal transduction in HIV-I-infected cells (1993)

Our results demonstrated that HIV-1 infection can selectively influence the surface expression of TNF receptors, potentially influencing its own expression and altering normal immunoregulatory signal transduction.