gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creation of high density ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nitrogen-rich type Ib nanodiamonds (2013)

This work explores the possibility of increasing the density of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers ([NV(-)]) in nanodiamonds using nitrogen-rich type Ib diamond powders as the starting material. The nanodiamonds (10-100 nm in diameter) were prepared by ball milling of microdiamonds, in which the density of neutral and atomically dispersed nitrogen atoms ([N(0)]) was measured by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. A systematic measurement of the fluorescence intensities and lifetimes of the crushed monocrystalline diamonds as a function of [N(0)] indicated that [NV(-)] increases nearly linearly with [N(0)] at 100-200 ppm. The trend, however, failed to continue for nanodiamonds with higher [N(0)] (up to 390 ppm) but poorer crystallinity. We attribute the result to a combined effect of fluorescence quenching as well as the lower conversion efficiency of vacancies to NV(-) due to the presence of more impurities and defects in these as-grown diamond crystallites. The principles and practice of fabricating brighter and smaller fluorescent nanodiamonds are discussed.
HiPER: a compact narrow channel router with hop-by-hop error correction (2002)

Multiprocessor architectures demand efficient interprocessor communication to maximize system utilization and performance. To meet future demands, these interconnects must communicate at significantly higher speeds while operating more efficiently to meet system size, weight, power, and energy requirements. As high-performance parallel computing architectures make their way into portable systems, compact, efficient, and error-tolerant computing and communication mechanisms will be required. This paper presents the High-Performance Efficient Router (HiPER), an efficient multidimensional router supporting high-throughput error-corrected communication channels. HiPER is a proof-of-concept vehicle for efficient implementations of routing, switching, and error control mechanisms. It combines mad postman (bit-pipelined) switching with dimension-order routing, producing a low-latency routing router that is less sensitive to message distance than a word parallel crossbar router. To maintain robust communication as link speeds increase and link power budgets decrease, HiPER employs flit-level hop-by-hop retransmission of erroneous flits, which provides builtin error control at the network level. Data presented on the implemented bit serial version of HiPER offer insight into future router designs with channel sizes between bit-serial and word-wide.
Deep Features for Tissue-Fold Detection in Histopathology Images (2019)

Whole slide imaging (WSI) refers to the digitization of a tissue specimen which enables pathologists to explore high-resolution images on a monitor rather than through a microscope. The formation of tissue folds occur during tissue processing. Their presence may not only cause out-of-focus digitization but can also negatively affect the diagnosis in some cases. In this paper, we have compared five pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) of different depths as feature extractors to characterize tissue folds. We have also explored common classifiers to discriminate folded tissue against the normal tissue in hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) stained biopsy samples. In our experiments, we manually select the folded area in roughly 2.5mm $\times$ 2.5mm patches at $20$x magnification level as the training data. The ``DenseNet'' with 201 layers alongside an SVM classifier outperformed all other configurations. Based on the leave-one-out validation strategy, we achieved $96.3\%$ accuracy, whereas with augmentation the accuracy increased to $97.2\%$. We have tested the generalization of our method with five unseen WSIs from the NIH (National Cancer Institute) dataset. The accuracy for patch-wise detection was $81\%$. One folded patch within an image suffices to flag the entire specimen for visual inspection.
Concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> in uterine lavage fluid from mares with experimentally induced and naturally occurring endometritis (1988)

Acute endometritis was induced in ovariectomized pony mares by infusion of a 1% solution of oyster glycogen. Maximum concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene B4 in uterine washings coincided with the greatest rate of infiltration of neutrophils into the uterine lumen. Concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene B4 decreased to basal levels 6 h after infusion and were unaffected by administration of ovarian steroids to ovariectomized mares. Uterine washings from mares with persistent endometritis did not contain significantly different concentrations of leukotriene B4 from genitally normal mares.
Broadband and tunable time-resolved THz system using argon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (2018)

We demonstrate broadband, frequency-tunable, phase-locked terahertz (THz) generation and detection based on difference frequency mixing of temporally and spectrally structured near-infrared (NIR) pulses. The pulses are prepared in a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF), whose linear and nonlinear optical properties can be adjusted by tuning the gas pressure. This permits optimization of both the spectral broadening of the pulses due to self-phase modulation (SPM) and the generated THz spectrum. The properties of the prepared pulses, measured at several different argon gas pressures, agree well with the results of numerical modeling. Using these pulses, we perform difference frequency generation in a standard time-resolved THz scheme. As the argon pressure is gradually increased from 0 to 10 bar, the NIR pulses spectrally broaden from 3.5 to 8.7 THz, while the measured THz bandwidth increases correspondingly from 2.3 to 4.5 THz. At 10 bar, the THz spectrum extends to 6 THz, limited only by the spectral bandwidth of our time-resolved detection scheme. Interestingly, SPM in the HC-PCF produces asymmetric spectral broadening that may be used to enhance the generation of selected THz frequencies. This scheme, based on a HC-PCF pulse shaper, holds great promise for broadband time-domain spectroscopy in the THz, enabling the use of compact and stable ultrafast laser sources with relatively narrow linewidths (&lt;4 THz).
Functional multidrug resistance phenotype associated with combined overexpression of Pgp/MDR1 and MRP together with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine sensitivity may predict clinical response in acute myeloid leukemia. (1995)

Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or MDR1 mRNA has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor for clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, resistance to chemotherapy also occurs in the absence of Pgp overexpression. Therefore, besides Pgp expression, we have assessed the expression of MRP, a novel drug transporter gene, along with the functional multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype of leukemic cells. These MDR parameters are correlated with clinical outcome in individual patients. We found functional changes in fresh leukemic cells from de novo or relapsed patients similar to those reported for tumor cell lines with the MDR phenotype. These changes were reduced drug accumulation as assessed with radiolabeled doxorubicin (factor 1.6), daunomycin (factor 1.13), and vincristine (factor 1.6) in patients who were refractory to the combination treatment of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and daunomycin or mitoxantrone as opposed to patients who had complete responses. Also, the intracellular distribution of doxorubicin fluorescence (nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio), as assessed with laser scan microscopy, was reduced 1.4-fold in blasts from refractory patients. Based on historically known clinical response to single-agent daunomycin or ara-C in the group of responding de novo AML patients, we have set a threshold level such that a defined part of the samples that had the highest drug accumulation or nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios were above this threshold value. This allowed discrimination between patients responding to daunomycin from those who were refractory to this drug. By using this threshold level, in the refractory group clinical resistance corresponded with high sensitivity with a resistant phenotype. A similar threshold was set for the data of the in vitro ara-C sensitivity test. By combining both assays for all individual patients, clinical refractoriness as well as sensitivity could be predicted with high accuracy. There appeared to be no stringent relationship between the functional MDR phenotype with expression of either Pgp (fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis) or MRP mRNA (RNase protection). However, by combining both parameters the functional MDR phenotype correlated with the overexpression of either one or both of the parameters in 94% of the samples studied. It is concluded that this combined overexpression in conjunction with functional changes for MDR drugs and ara-C reveal a correlation of MDR phenotype with clinical resistance to combination chemotherapy in AML patients and hereby may adequately predict clinical MDR in individual AML patients.
Association of HLA Class I Antigens with Diffuse Panbronchiolitis in Korean Patients (1999)

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of unknown etiology. Observations of significantly increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B54 in Japanese patients and occurrence of familial cases suggest possible genetic predisposition to the disease susceptibility. To evaluate the possible association of HLA with the disease in Koreans, we have analyzed 30 patients for HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DR) antigens by the serologic and DNA typing methods, respectively. The most significant change in the patients compared to the control subjects was increased frequency of HLA-A11 (53.3% versus 17.5%, corrected p [pc] = 1.2 x 10(-)4, odds ratio [OR] = 5.4). In addition, B55 showed significant positive association (16.7% versus 3.5%, pc = 0.05, OR = 5.5), and B62 and Cw4 showed rather weak association with the disease. Certain A11-associated haplotypes showed much stronger positive association with the disease, compared to A11 antigen itself. Observations of a strong association of HLA-A11 in Koreans and B54 in Japanese with DPB suggest that the candidate gene(s) responsible for the disease susceptibility is located within the HLA class I region, most probably between HLA-A and HLA-B loci.
<title>Wafer-level surface-mountable chip size packaging for MEMS and ICs</title> (2000)

TRONIC'S Microsystems has developed in collaboration with LETI and ELA Recherche a Chip Size Packaging for MEMS and ICs using standard MST technologies and batch wafer processing. It allows to integrate on a single package the Electro-Mechanical Structure of the circuits, the connections and the encapsulation. After dicing, the device which is a package of its own can be easily handled and directly mounted on a circuit board. The connection pads allows the mounting on a board using standard Surface Mounting Technologies and the reworkability.
Calder query grid service: insights and experimental evaluation (2006)

We have architected and evaluated a new kind of data resource, one that is composed of a logical collection of ephemeral data streams that could be viewed as a collection of publish-subscribe "channels" over which rich data-access and semantic operations can be performed. This paper contributes new insight to stream processing under the highly asynchronous stream workloads often found in data-driven scientific applications, and presents insights gained through porting a distributed stream processing system to a grid services framework. Experimental results reveal limits on stream processing rates that are directly tied to differences in stream rates.
Preparation of β-aryl,ϒ-aroyl Butyric Acids : the Attempted Synthesis of Hydantoin Analogues (1981)

National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India <em>Manuscript received 27 June 1977, revised 8 May 1980, accepted 5 November 1980</em> Preparation of \(\beta\)-aryl,\(\gamma\)-aroyl Butyric Acids : the Attempted Synthesis of Hydantoin Analogues.
Chemopreventive effects of tea in prostate cancer: Green tea versus black tea (2011)

The polyphenol compositions of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) are very different due to post-harvest processing. GT contains higher concentrations of monomeric polyphenols, which affect numerous intracellular signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer (CaP) development. BT polymers, on the other hand, are poorly absorbed and are converted to phenolic acids by the colonic microflora. Therefore, after consumption of GT, higher concentrations of polyphenols are found in the circulation, whereas after BT consumption the phenolic acid levels in the circulation are higher. The majority of in vitro cell culture, in vivo animal, and clinical intervention studies examine the effects of extracts of GT or purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on prostate carcinogenesis. These studies provide strong evidence supporting a chemopreventive effect of GT, but results from epidemiological studies of GT consumption are mixed. While the evidence for a chemopreventive effect of BT is much weaker than the body of evidence with regard to GT, there are several animal BT intervention studies demonstrating inhibition of CaP growth. This article will review in detail the available epidemiological and human clinical studies, as well as animal and basic mechanistic studies on GT and BT supporting a chemopreventive role in CaP.
Identification and functional characterization of the zeta-chain dimerization motif for TCR surface expression. (1999)

We recognized a common dimerization motif between the transmembrane (TM) domain of zeta-chain family members and glycophorin A. We have shown that a glycine within the zeta-dimerization motif is critical for zeta-homodimerization and also for its association with the TCR/CD3 complex. Similarly, two residues within the CD3 delta gamma TM domains have proven to be critical for their interaction with the zeta-homodimer. A three-dimensional homology model of the zeta-chain TM domain highlights potential residues preferentially involved either in the zeta 2-CD3 or zeta 2-TCR alpha beta association, confirming our experimental findings. These results indicate that, for symmetrical reasons, the zeta-homodimer participates in the TCR/CD3 complex assembly by interacting with CD3 gamma delta TM domains, thereby masking their degradation signals located in the cytoplasmic tails.
Convergent Synthesis of Novel Muramyl Dipeptide Analogues: Inhibition of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Induced Pro-inflammatory Effects by High Doses of Muramyl Dipeptide (2016)

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-induced TNF-α can be affected by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in a biphasic concentration-dependent manner. We found that in P.g.-exposed macrophages, treatment with 10 μg/mL of MDP (MDP-low) up-regulated TNF-α by 29%, while 100 μg/mL or higher (MDP-high) significantly decreased it (16% to 38%). MDP-high was found to affect the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 and activator protein 1 (AP1). An AP1 binding site was found in the promoter region of A20. A20 promoter activity was up-regulated after transfection of AP1 cDNA in cells. Four analogues of MDP (3-6) were prepared through a convergent strategy involving the synthesis of two unique carbohydrate fragments, 7a and 7b, using the peptide coupling reagents, EDCI and HOAt. Analogue 4 improved MDP function and P.g.-induced activities. We propose a new signaling pathway for TNF-α induction activated after exposing macrophages to both P.g. and MDP-high or analogue 4.
Analysis of Mold Filling in RTM Process (1992)

A simplified RTM process analysis is presented which is based on the one-dimensional resin flow model by using Darcy's law for flow through porous media. Closed form solutions for the wet length, mold filling time, and pressure distributions are derived for different simplified mold shapes such as rectangular, trapezoidal, and circular sections. These results are then applied to the mold design and vent arrangement in RTM process. Two design principles are proposed from these derivations and confirmed by nu merical application examples. One is to arrange the vents to assure that flow takes the shorter path whenever possible. The other is to use line gates and to inject the fluid from the larger side to the smaller side, or with rapid reduction of the filling volume. Illustration examples show that these arrangements can cut down the mold filling time or reduce the required applied pressure. Especially in the case of RTM with high volume fraction of fibrous preforms, where the process usually involves applying a constant inlet pressure to squeeze the resin into the preform, the mold filling time or the applied pressure require ment is lowered substantially by these arrangements.
Convenient One Pot Synthesis of Phosphonites and H-Phosphinates (2003)

Abstract A convenient and simple one-pot method is described for the synthesis of phosphonites [RP(OEt)2, 1] and H-phosphinates [HP(O)R(OEt), 2] from triethyl phosphite and appropriate Grignard reagents.
Predicting the Stock Market (1998)

This paper presents a tutorial introduction to predictions of stock time series. The various approaches of technical and fundamental analysis is presented and the prediction problem is formulated as a special case of inductive learning. The problems with performance evaluation of near-random-walk processes are illustrated with examples together with guidelines for avoiding the risk of data-snooping. The connections to concepts like &quot;the bias/variance dilemma&quot;, overtraining and model complexity are further covered. Existing benchmarks and testing metrics are surveyed and some new measures are introduced.
Defensive Ecology ofForelius Foetidusand Its Chemosystematic Relationship toF. (=Iridomyrmex) pruinosus(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) (1984)

Journal Article Defensive Ecology of Forelius Foetidus and Its Chemosystematic Relationship to F. (=Iridomyrmex) pruinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) Get access Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. Scheffrahn Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lyle K. Gaston, Lyle K. Gaston Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James J. Sims, James J. Sims 1 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 1 Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael K. Rust Michael K. Rust Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 13, Issue 6, 1 December 1984, Pages 1502–1506, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/13.6.1502 Published: 01 December 1984
ePAPP: a gigabit embedded protocol analyzer pre-processor (2005)

Network has been growing rapidly in both transmission bandwidth and transmission speed. This increase in speed reduces processing time a network device has for each packet. This paper presents a hardware embedded protocol analyzer pre-processor (ePAPP) that performs the protocol analysis of network packets. It replaces the software protocol analysis program running on processors, with a significant performance increase, and protocol adaptation flexibility. A prototype of ePAPP supporting various protocols including Ethernet, IPv4, ARP, TCP, and UDP, has been designed in VHDL and synthesized. When implemented on the NEC instant silicon solutions platform (ISSP), a structured ASIC technology based on 0.13-micron process, ePPAP can achieve 2.88 Gb/s processing rate, using less than 1% of available logic cells.
From telomerization to living radical polymerization (2000)

After a brief description of the various methods of telomer synthesis, the different types of transfer agents and monomers are given, showing the extremely wide variety of macromolecules that may be obtained through this route. Knowing the kinetics laws allows one to control the functionality and chain lengths, and so it is possible to control the oligomer architecture, essentially monofunctional and telechelic. Finally, the contribution of the techniques of telomerization to actual research on living radical polymerization is detailed. The great majority of the methods using the chain transfer reaction are a continuation of telomerization reactions [iodine transfer polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and macromolecule design through interchange of xanthes (MADIX)]. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3235–3243, 2000
A Cloud-Based AI Framework for Machine Learning Orchestration: A "Driving or Not-Driving" Case-Study for Self-Driving Cars. (2019)

Self-driving cars rely on a plethora of algorithms in order to perform safe driving manoeuvres. Training those models is expensive (e.g. hardware cost, storage, energy) and requires continuous updates. This paper proposes a cloud-based framework for continuous training of self-driving AI models. In addition to training standalone models, the framework is capable of leveraging pre-trained models in expediting the training on environment changes (e.g. new driver or new car model). As use-case, this paper focuses on a driver's behaviour while the vehicle's control is being transferred between the driver and the self-driving AI. A human driver can hand over the control of a vehicle's driving tasks to an automated system, when that system's confidence level is high enough. Reciprocally, there are situations where that control has to be handed back to the human driver. This paper proposes a novel real-time system for Driving Not-Driving (DND) detection, which is able to capture the ability of the driver to re-take control of a vehicle when the automated driving system transitions from a higher to a lower level of automation (e.g. L3 to L2 vehicle automation). We are using a computer vision-based Driver Monitoring System (DMS) that captures in real-time head and eye movements. These are captured in the car and transferred to the cloud where a DND model is trained for a specific driver. The DND classification model is deployed in the vehicle and predicts if the driver is ready or not to resume control at a given time. The cloud-based framework proposed in this paper shows an end-to-end cycle of collecting, training and deploying self-driving AI technology, with the additional features of continuous and transfer learning.
Passively mode-locked 10 GHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (2008)

We report a mode-locked Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser emitting 42 fs pulses at a 10 GHz repetition rate. When operated with a spectrally integrated average power greater than 1 W, the associated femtosecond laser frequency comb contains approximately 500 modes, each with power exceeding 1 mW. Spectral broadening in nonlinear microstructured fiber yields comb elements with individual powers greater than 1 nW over approximately 250 nm of spectral bandwidth. The modes of the emitted comb are resolved and imaged with a simple grating spectrometer and digital camera. Combined with absorption spectroscopy of rubidium vapor, this approach permits identification of the mode index and measurement of the carrier envelope offset frequency of the comb.