gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal management of mid-infrared (IR) quantum cascade lasers (2010)

Semiconductor quantum cascade lasers that emit mid-infrared light in the wavelength range of 4 to 9 μm are unipolar and the laser emission is due to intersubband transitions in a repeated stack of multiple quantum wells. The thermal management of these devices is a challenge. The overheating of the active region (referred to as `core' throughout this paper) in these lasers decreases the optical power and ultimately results in laser failure. In this work, we present a detailed finite element (FE) based numerical modeling of the thermal behavior of these devices and the measurements performed to validate the models. The studies include the effect of submount material, mounting schemes such as epi-side down or epi-side up mounting and finally, the effect of core geometry on the thermal impedance. We have also looked at various core designs such as split core. We conducted various experiments to correlate the results with the numerical modeling by measuring the thermal impedance between the laser diode's core and the bottom of the substrate and measuring the temperature change within a pulse of a distributed-feedback (DFB) QCL which emits in a single longitudinal mode of narrow linewidth. The temperature of the active core of a DFB QCL can be determined by measuring the lasing frequency, which changes with the temperature of the active core as: v=v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> +βvT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">core</sub> =v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> +βvT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">submount</sub> +βvR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dec</sub> , where v is the lasing wavenumber, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> is the thermal resistance, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">elec</sub> is the electric power loading, and β is the thermal tuning coefficient. By measuring the lasing frequency as a function of time within a pump current pulse, we can determine the temperature change, and the thermal conductance of a laser structure. In the conclusion, we provide various recommendations for efficient thermal performance of these quantum cascade lasers.
Substrate Inhibition of Succinic Acid Fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 (2010)

Anaerobic fermentative production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 with glucose as the substrate in batch fermentation was studied.Fed-batch fermentation was performed to minimize the inhibition effect of substrate (glucose).In this case,45.27 g/L succinic acid and productivity of 1.74 g/(L?h) were attained after 26 h incubation with total glucose concentration of 60 g/L using Na2CO3 as the pH regulator,with a level less than 10 g/L of glucose concentration.Compared with the batch fermentation,the fermentation period was already shortened by up to 18.75%.The yield of succinic acid and productivity were raised by 5.44% and 31.82% respectively in fed-batch fermentation,and the by-product formic acid decreased and the acetic acid increased in the process.
Antimycobacterial activity of a series of pyrazinoic acid esters (1992)

A series of pyrazinoic acid esters has been prepared and evaluated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Several of the pyrazinoate esters have substantially better activity than the first-line antituberculous agent pyrazinamide against susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium turberculosis as well as activity against pyrazinamide-resistant isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were lower for each organism and at each pH than the MICs for pyrazinamide. The esters have activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium kansasii, two species resistant to pyrazinamide, but not against Mycobacterium avium complex.
Synthesis and biological activity of benzothiazolo- and benzoxazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activity of benzothiazolo- and benzoxazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium saltsOsvaldo Cox, Henry Jackson, Vanessa A. Vargas, Adriana Baez, Julio I. Colon, Blanca C. Gonzalez, and Marino De LeonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 11, 1378–1381Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00353a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00353a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
All-optical timing extraction with simultaneous optical demultiplexing using time-dependent loss saturation in electro-absorption modulator (2002)

Counter propagation between data and clock pulses inside the optically controlled EAM is used for all-optical timing extraction and demultiplexing. Demultiplexing from 4OGbit/s showed error free operation with I 200 fs jitter for the recovered clock.
A Microscopic Image Classification Method Using Shearlet Transform (2013)

This paper presents a method for representation and classification of microscopic tissue images using the shear let transform. The objective is to automatically process biopsy tissue images and assist pathologists in analyzing carcinoma cells, e.g. differentiating between benign and malignant cells in breast tissues. Compared with wavelet filters such as the Gabor filter, shear let has inherent directional sensitivity which makes it suitable for characterizing small contours of carcinoma cells. By applying a multi-scale decomposition, the shear let transform captures visual information provided by edges detected at different orientations and multiple scales. Based on our approach, each image is represented using the discrete shear let coefficients and histograms of shear let coefficients and then used for classification of benign versus malignant tissue images using Support Vector Machines. Our experiments on a publically available database of hystopathological images of human breast shows that our fully automatic approach yields in good classification rates and less complexity compared to other methods.
Fibrinogen C-terminal peptidic sequences (Haptides) modulate fibrin polymerization (2003)

We previously described synthetic peptides of 19-21 amino acid residues, homologous to the C-termini of fibrinogen Fib(340) and Fib(420), from the beta-chain (Cbeta), the extended alphaE chain (CalphaE) and near the end of the gamma-chain (preCgamma) which elicited attachment (haptotactic) responses from mesenchymal cells. We named these haptotactic peptides -Haptides. The effects of Haptides on fibrin clot formation was evaluated and their possible effects on platelet aggregation was examined. The Haptides Cbeta,CalphaE and preCgamma, (2-10 micro M) increased fibrin clot turbidity and also decreased thrombin-induced clotting time. Higher concentrations (>120 micro M of Cbeta or preCgamma) induced fibrinogen precipitation even without thrombin. These precipi-tates exhibited different ultrastructure from thrombin-induced fibrin by scanning and transmission microscopy. C-terminal peptides of the other fibrinogen chains exerted no such effects. Sepharose beads covalently coated with either whole fibrinogen or Haptides (SB-Fib or SB-Haptide) highly adsorbed free (FITC) Haptides. In aqueous solution, Haptides formed nano-par-ticles with average size of approximately 150 nm in diameter. We suggest that such positively charged aggregates could serve to nucleate and accelerate fibrin gel formation. These results also indicate that Cbeta and preCgamma sequences within fibrin(ogen) participate in the docking and condensation of fibrin(ogen) during its assembly into a fibrin clot. By contrast, Haptides up to 100 micro M did not bind to platelets, and had no effect on platelet aggregation. Our findings highlight the roles of the C-terminal sequences of the beta and gamma chains in fibrin(ogen) polymerization as well as in cell attachment.
Electrostatic Vibrational MEMS Energy Harvester with Thin Film Electrets (2020)

Electret or permanent electrical charge is used as a part of mechano-electric energy conversion system for vibrational energy harvesting device. Microscopic capacitors are produced by silicon micromachining or MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) fabrication process, and the surfaces are turned into impurity-rich silicon oxide, which is later processed to make an electret by displacing the impurity ions by the same mechanism as the anodic bonding. The built-in potential of the electret is used to produce electrical current through the electrostatic induction when the movable electrode is periodically shaken by the external vibrations. In this article, the fabrication processes for the electret as well as the MEMS vibrational energy harvester are discussed. The fundamental characteristics of the energy harvesters are reported, along with a demonstration result as an autonomous powerpack for an IoT (internet-of-things) type wireless sensor node.
Immunological Evaluation of a Synthetic Clostridium difficile Oligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccine Candidate and Identification of a Minimal Epitope (2013)

Clostridium difficile is the cause of emerging nosocomial infections that result in abundant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of a vaccine to kill the bacteria to prevent this disease is highly desirable. Several recently identified bacterial surface glycans, such as PS-I and PS-II, are promising vaccine candidates to preclude C. difficile infection. To circumvent difficulties with the generation of natural PS-I due to its low expression levels in bacterial cultures, improved chemical synthesis protocols for the pentasaccharide repeating unit of PS-I and oligosaccharide substructures were utilized to produce large quantities of well-defined PS-I related glycans. The analysis of stool and serum samples obtained from C. difficile patients using glycan microarrays of synthetic oligosaccharide epitopes revealed humoral immune responses to the PS-I related glycan epitopes. Two different vaccine candidates were evaluated in the mouse model. A synthetic PS-I repeating unit CRM197 conjugate was immunogenic in mice and induced immunoglobulin class switching as well as affinity maturation. Microarray screening employing PS-I repeating unit substructures revealed the disaccharide Rha-(1→3)-Glc as a minimal epitope. A CRM197-Rha-(1→3)-Glc disaccharide conjugate was able to elicit antibodies recognizing the C. difficile PS-I pentasaccharide. We herein demonstrate that glycan microarrays exposing defined oligosaccharide epitopes help to determine the minimal immunogenic epitopes of complex oligosaccharide antigens. The synthetic PS-I pentasaccharide repeating unit as well as the Rha-(1→3)-Glc disaccharide are promising novel vaccine candidates against C. difficile that are currently in preclinical evaluation.
Plasma adenosine and hypoxemia in patients with sleep apnea (1988)

Severe hypoxemia causes ATP depletion and increased adenosine production in many body tissues. Therefore we hypothesized that patients with sleep apnea and severe hypoxemia during sleep have higher adenosine production and higher plasma adenosine levels than patients without hypoxemia. Twelve patients with sleep apnea and six normal volunteers had plasma adenosine levels measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Each patient with sleep apnea had a polysomnograph sleep study with oxyhemoglobin saturation continuously recorded. Five of 12 patients with sleep apnea had both sleep apnea and severe hypoxemia during sleep. These patients with severe nocturnal hypoxemia had significantly higher plasma adenosine levels (means +/- SD 9.7 +/- 5.5 X 10(-8) M) than either a group of six normal volunteers (3.5 +/- 0.7 X 10(-8) M) or a group of seven patients with sleep apnea without hypoxemia at night (3.1 +/- 1.5 X 10(-8) M) (P less than 0.01). In addition plasma adenosine levels were significantly correlated with two indexes of nocturnal hypoxemia (desaturation index rs = 0.79, and median oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep rs = -0.75, P less than 0.01). Plasma adenosine markedly fell to a normal level in the only two patients with sleep apnea who had successful treatment of their multiple apneas and accompanying severe hypoxemia during sleep.
Probabilistic 3D mapping based on GNSS SNR measurements (2014)

A probabilistic approach to 3-dimensional mapping is proposed that only uses data gathered by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) devices. To accomplish this, the environment is gridded and a physically motivated sensor model is developed that assigns likelihoods of blockage to satellite signals based on their measured SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). It is then shown that the posterior distribution of the map represents a sparse factor graph on which a low complexity implementation of Loopy Belief Propagation can be used for efficient Bayesian estimation. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate our algorithm's ability to coarsely map in three dimensions a corner of a university campus.
Identifying SDN state inconsistency in OpenStack (2015)

In Software Defined Networks (SDN), users manage network services by abstracting high level service policies from lower level network functions. Edge-based SDN, which relies on end hosts to implement lower-level network functions, has been rapidly developed and widely adopted in cloud. A critical challenge in such an environment is to ensure that lower level network configurations, which are distributed in many end hosts, are in sync with high-level network service definitions, which are maintained in the central controller, as state inconsistency often arises in practice due to unreliable state dissemination, human errors, or software bugs. In this paper, we propose an approach to systematically extracting and analyzing the network states of OpenStack from both controller and end hosts, and identifying the inconsistencies between them across multiple network layers. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our system can correctly identify network state inconsistencies with little system and network overhead, therefore can be adopted in large-scale production cloud to ensure healthy operations of its network services.
Spintronics technology: past, present and future (2016)

Spintronics has emerged in the last two decades as both an extremely fruitful direction of research into the properties and usefulness of the spin degree of freedom of the electron as it can apply to the exponentially expanding world of electronics. Spintronics has infiltrated almost every household in the form of the read head sensors for the hard drives that inhabit every desktop and most laptop computers. Embedded magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and in-plane STT-RAM are rapidly replacing SRAM in a host of applications that do not require ultra-dense memories. Soon these embedded spintronic memories will permeate the cell phone market because they are much denser than SRAM, offer lower power at only slightly lower speed and are non-volatile. The present work in spintronics at most of the mainstream semiconductor companies and foundaries is focused on the development of perpendicular STT-MRAM, as a universal memory that can compete with the mainstream memories and surpass them in several key metrics. Several innovative ideas are presented where spintronics may have an impact because of the uniqueness of the approach. Nanomagnetic logic and storage may offer extremely high densities at very low power. Spin-torque oscillators are a very novel approach to pattern recognition that may be relevant for handling massive data sets. The spin of the electron may also be on the critical path for quantum computation or communication, another revolutionary change in how we process information.
Frequency tuning of CPW bowtie antenna by ferroelectric BST thin film varactors (2011)

The main objective for this research is to develop an antenna that can shift its frequency over a broadband. A coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna was designed with the center conductor of the CPW transmission line connected to a bowtie patch. The size of the antenna is 6mm × 6 mm. The antenna is tuned with a barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film varactor which can tune the device from 5.75 GHz to 6.1937 GHz by adjusting the DC bias from 0 to 10V.
Specularity Gathers for Diffraction Imaging (2013)

Seismic diffraction imaging is recognized as a rapidly emerging technology with great potential to reduce exploration and production risks and increase recovery, for conventional reservoirs as well as unconventional resources such as shale gas. The idea behind diffraction imaging in a pre-stack migration framework is to apply a weight factor inside the migration loops, which attenuates events that satisfy Snell's law of specular reflection, while preserving diffractive events that do not satisfy Snell's law. Conceptually, it can be paraphrased as 'switching off reflectivity during migration'. Here we present an approach, called specularity gathers, to construct the weight factor in a very efficient way, with applications on test models and the Eagle Ford shale play of South Texas. Specularity gather analysis proves to be a very useful tool to calibrate diffraction imaging, enabling the efficient construction of diffraction images and updates based on interpretation input. We expect that further development and deployment in the industry will be key in advancing diffraction imaging technology.
Development of a New BCMAxCD3 Duobody® Antibody for Multiple Myeloma (2016)

Abstract B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family surface protein predominantly expressed on terminally differentiated B-cells. BCMA signals through P38/NF-κB pathway upon binding to its ligands; a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-cell activator of the TNF family (BAFF) and promote anti-apoptotic gene expression. BCMA expression is elevated in plasma blasts, plasma cells from spleen and bone marrow and correlates with disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM). BCMA expression in premalignant MM settings such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) also gives an opportunity for early cancer interception. To target cancer cells expressing BCMA, we developed a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody using the Genmab DuoBody® technology (Ab-957) to recruit T cells to BCMA-expressing MM cells so that T cells could be activated and induced to kill BCMA+ cancer cells. This antibody can induce cytotoxicity of BCMA+ MM cell lines in vitro (H929 cells: EC50=0.15nM, MM1.R cells: EC50=0.06nM, RPMI8226 cells: EC50=0.45nM) with a concomitant T cell activation (H929 cells: EC50=0.21nM, MM1.R cells: EC50=0.1nM, RPMI8226 cells: EC50=0.28nM). In contrast, this antibody was unable to kill BCMA- cancer cell line (MV4-11), demonstrating the specificity of the cytotoxicity. Ab-957 also inhibited tumor development or growth in two BCMA+ MM murine xenograft models inoculated with human T cells. Furthermore, this antibody could deplete BCMA+ cells in bone marrow samples from MM patient's in an ex-vivo assay with an average EC50 value of 2.5 nM. Lastly, Ab-957 is well-tolerated in cynomolgus monkey and is being developed for Phase I clinical trial in patients with multiple myeloma. Disclosures Pillarisetti: Janssen: Employment. Baldwin:Janssen: Employment. Babich:Janssen: Employment. Majewski:Janssen: Employment. Barone:Janssen: Employment. Li:Janssen: Employment. Zhang:Janssen: Employment. Chin:Janssen: Employment. Luistro:Janssen: Employment. Mendonça:Janssen: Employment. Nanjunda:Janssen: Employment. Rudnick:Janssen Pharmaceuticals R&D: Employment. Bellew:Janssen: Employment. Elsayed:Janssen: Employment, Other: stock options. Attar:Janssen: Employment. Gaudet:Janssen Pharmaceuticals R&D: Employment, Other: Stock options, Patents & Royalties: pending, not yet issued.
Effect of Fiber Cross Section on Rotor Spinning of Polyester (2002)

The effect of polyester fibers with nonround cross sections on the rotor spinning of 100% polyester and 50% polyester/50% cotton yarns is determined. The polyester cross sections are hollow with a 5% void and trilobal, oval, ribbon, peanut, and scalloped oval shapes. The polyester fibers (oval, ribbon, peanut, scalloped oval shapes) with aspect ratios greater than one have fewer yarn breaks than the stiffer polyester fibers (round, hollow, trilobal shapes) with an aspect ratio of one. The peanut and scalloped oval fibers, which combine a multilobal character with an aspect ratio greater than one, have the fewest yarn breaks. The superior rotor spinning of these nonround fibers is believed to be the result of enhanced twist propagation due to lower torsional rigidity and lower fiber-to-surface contact.
Rapid Access to Benzoxaphospholes and Their Spiro Analogues by a Three-Component Coupling Involving Arynes, Phosphines, and Activated Ketones (2014)

An operationally simple multicomponent coupling involving in situ generated arynes from 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates, phosphines, and various acyclic and cyclic activated carbonyl compounds has been developed. The reaction proceeds via a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition mode giving access to differently substituted (spiro)benzoxaphosphole derivatives in moderate to good yields. Mild reaction conditions, a broad scope, and the possibility of varying all the three-components are the notable features of the present reaction.
High-power optically pumped semiconductor lasers (2004)

Optically pumped, external-cavity, surface emitting semiconductor lasers (also known as optically pumped semiconductor lasers, OPS lasers, and vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers, VECSELs) generate near-diffraction limited beams from low brightness diode-array pumps. We have demonstrated 30 W cw at 980 nm and 15 W cw at 488 nm in a single spatial mode from these emitters and believe they can be scaled to > 100 W. Potential applications we have explored for such devices include wavelength conversion, spectral and spatial brightness conversion.