gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Complexity Reduction Method for Successive Cancellation List Decoding (2018)

This brief introduces a hardware complexity reduction method for successive cancellation list (SCL) decoders. Specifically, we propose to use a sorting scheme so that L paths with smallest path metrics are also sorted according to their path indexes for path pruning. We prove that such sorting scheme reduces the input number of multiplexers in any hardware implementation of SCL decoding from L to (L/2+1) without any changes in the decoding latency. We also propose sorter architectures for the proposed sorting method. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations show that the proposed method achieves significant gain in hardware consumptions of SCL decoder implementations, especially for large list sizes and block lengths.
Green-energy Aware and Latency Aware user associations in heterogeneous cellular networks (2013)

Green communications has received much attention recently. For cellular networks, the base stations (BSs) account for more than 50 percent of the energy consumption of the networks. Therefore, reducing the power consumption of BSs is crucial to greening cellular networks. With the development of green energy technologies, BSs can be powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid power consumption, and subsequently reduce the carbon footprints. In this paper, we have proposed a distributed scheme to enable Green-energy Aware and Latency Aware (GALA) user-BS associations in heterogeneous cellular networks whose BSs are powered by both on-grid power and green energy. The GALA algorithm considers both the traffic delivery latency and the green energy generation rate in BSs for determining the user-BS association. We have proved that the GALA algorithm converges to the optimal solution which minimizes the summation of the weighted latency ratios of BSs. The simulation results show that the GALA algorithm enables the trade-off between the on-grid power consumption and the average traffic delivery latency, and saves a significant amount of on-grid power in heterogeneous cellular networks that are powered by both on-grid power and green energy.
Hybrid Quantum Repeater Using Bright Coherent Light (2006)

We describe a quantum repeater protocol for long-distance quantum communication. In this scheme, entanglement is created between qubits at intermediate stations of the channel by using a weak dispersive light-matter interaction and distributing the outgoing bright coherent-light pulses among the stations. Noisy entangled pairs of electronic spin are then prepared with high success probability via homodyne detection and postselection. The local gates for entanglement purification and swapping are deterministic and measurement-free, based upon the same coherent-light resources and weak interactions as for the initial entanglement distribution. Finally, the entanglement is stored in a nuclear-spin-based quantum memory. With our system, qubit-communication rates approaching 100 Hz over 1280 km with fidelities near 99% are possible for reasonable local gate errors.
Loss-coupled distributed feedback far-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2005)

Pulsed, singlemode operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers is reported at three wavelengths (83.0, 84.2, 87.7 µm). At 84.2 µm, peak optical powers of 6 mW are obtained (at 10 K) and the device showed singlemode behaviour for the entire temperature range (10–60 K), and at all power levels.
Improved control of cyber-physical systems subject to cyber and physical attacks (2019)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are defined as integrations of computation, communication, and control in order to achieve the desired performance of physical processes. Security threats have a high possibility of affecting CPS by several cyber attacks without providing any indication about failure. One important problem, especially in power systems, is the control problem of systems under cyber attacks. In this paper, a secure observer-based controller for discrete-time CPS subject to both cyber (denial of service (DoS) and deception) and physical attacks will be presented. The occurrences of the cyber and physical attacks will be considered as Bernoulli distributed white sequences with variable conditional probabilities. A sufficient condition is first derived under which the observer-based controller is guaranteed to have the desired security level using the stochastic analysis techniques. Then, the observer and controller gains will be designed by solving a linear matrix inequality using YALMIP and MATLAB. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.
Development of an antibody cocktail for treatment of Sudan virus infection (2020)

Antibody-based therapies are a promising treatment option for managing ebolavirus infections. Several Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific and, more recently, pan-ebolavirus antibody cocktails have been described. Here, we report the development and assessment of a Sudan virus (SUDV)-specific antibody cocktail. We produced a panel of SUDV glycoprotein (GP)-specific human chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using both plant and mammalian expression systems and completed head-to-head in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Neutralizing activity, competitive binding groups, and epitope specificity of SUDV mAbs were defined before assessing protective efficacy of individual mAbs using a mouse model of SUDV infection. Of the mAbs tested, GP base-binding mAbs were more potent neutralizers and more protective than glycan cap- or mucin-like domain-binding mAbs. No significant difference was observed between plant and mammalian mAbs in any of our in vitro or in vivo evaluations. Based on in vitro and rodent testing, a combination of two SUDV-specific mAbs, one base binding (16F6) and one glycan cap binding (X10H2), was down-selected for assessment in a macaque model of SUDV infection. This cocktail, RIID F6-H2, provided protection from SUDV infection in rhesus macaques when administered at 50 mg/kg on days 4 and 6 postinfection. RIID F6-H2 is an effective postexposure SUDV therapy and provides a potential treatment option for managing human SUDV infection.
3-Helix Micelles Stabilized by Polymer Springs (2012)

Despite increasing demands to employ amphiphilic micelles as nanocarriers and nanoreactors, it remains a significant challenge to simultaneously reduce the particle size and enhance the particle stability. Complementary to covalent chemical bonding and attractive intermolecular interactions, entropic repulsion can be incorporated by rational design in the headgroup of an amphiphile to generate small micelles with enhanced stability. A new family of amphiphilic peptide-polymer conjugates is presented where the hydrophilic headgroup is composed of a 3-helix coiled coil with poly(ethylene glycol) attached to the exterior of the helix bundle. When micelles form, the PEG chains are confined in close proximity and are compressed to act as a spring to generate lateral pressure. The formation of 3-helix bundles determines the location and the directionalities of the force vector of each PEG elastic spring so as to slow down amphiphile desorption. Since each component of the amphiphile can be readily tailored, these micelles provide numerous opportunities to meet current demands for organic nanocarriers with tunable stability in life science and energy science. Furthermore, present studies open new avenues to use energy arising from entropic polymer chain deformation to self-assemble energetically stable, single nanoscopic objects, much like repulsion that stabilizes bulk assemblies of colloidal particles.
Dendrimer-based Macromolecular MRI Contrast Agents: Characteristics and Application (2003)

Numerous macromolecular MRI contrast agents prepared employing relatively simple chemistry may be readily available that can provide sufficient enhancement for multiple applications. These agents operate using a ~100-fold lower concentration of gadolinium ions in comparison to the necessary concentration of iodine employed in CT imaging. Herein, we describe some of the general potential directions of macromolecular MRI contrast agents using our recently reported families of dendrimer-based agents as examples. Changes in molecular size altered the route of excretion. Smaller-sized contrast agents less than 60 kDa molecular weight were excreted through the kidney resulting in these agents being potentially suitable as functional renal contrast agents. Hydrophilic and larger-sized contrast agents were found better suited for use as blood pool contrast agents. Hydrophobic variants formed with polypropylenimine diaminobutane dendrimer cores created liver contrast agents. Larger hydrophilic agents are useful for lymphatic imaging. Finally, contrast agents conjugated with either monoclonal antibodies or with avidin are able to function as tumor-specific contrast agents, which also might be employed as therapeutic drugs for either gadolinium neutron capture therapy or in conjunction with radioimmunotherapy.
Production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative <scp> <i>E</i> </scp> <i>nterococcus faecalis</i> isolate (2014)

Lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical for a wide range of food and industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical syntheses. Although lactic acid production has been well documented, improved production parameters that lead to reduced production costs are always of interest in industrial developments. In this study, we describe the production of lactic acid at high concentration, yield and volumetric productivity utilizing a novel homofermentative, facultative anaerobe Enterococcus faecalis CBRD01. The highest concentration of 182 g lactic acid l(-1) was achieved after 38 h of fed-batch fermentation on glucose. The bacterial isolate utilized only 2-13% of carbon for its growth and energy metabolism, while 87-98% of carbon was converted to lactic acid at an overall volumetric productivity of 5 g l(-1) h(-1). At 13 h of fermentation, the volumetric productivity of lactate production reached 10.3 g l(-1) h(-1), which is the highest ever reported for microbial production of lactic acid. The lactic acid produced was of high purity as formation of other metabolites was less than 0.1%. The present investigation demonstrates a new opportunity for enhanced production of lactic acid with potential for reduced purification costs.
Isolation and Characterization of an HLA-DPB1*04:01-restricted MAGE-A3 T-Cell Receptor for Cancer Immunotherapy (2016)

Long-term tumor regressions have been observed in patients following the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells expressing MHC class I-restricted T-cell receptors (TCRs), but clinical trials have not evaluated responses to genetically modified T cells expressing antitumor MHC class II-restricted TCRs. As studies carried out in a murine tumor model system have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells could lead to the regression of established tumors, we plan to test the hypothesis that CD4 T cells can also induce tumor regressions in cancer patients. In this study, 2 MAGE-A3-specific TCRs were isolated from a regulatory T-cell clone (6F9) and an effector clone (R12C9), generated from the peripheral blood of 2 melanoma patients after MAGE-A3 vaccination. The results indicated that T cells transduced with 6F9 TCR mediated stronger effector functions than R12C9 TCR. The 6F9 TCR specifically recognized MAGE-A3 and the closely related MAGE-A6 gene product, but not other members of the MAGE-A family in the context of HLA-DPB1*04:01. To test the feasibility of a potential clinical trial using this TCR, a clinical-scale procedure was developed to obtain a large number of purified CD4 T cells transduced with 6F9 TCR. Because HLA-DPB1*04:01 is present in ∼60% of the Caucasian population and MAGE-A3 is frequently expressed in a variety of cancer types, this TCR immunotherapy could potentially be applicable for a significant portion of cancer patients.
Saturated iron-core superconductive fault current limiter developed at Innopower (2014)

Since 2002, we have been carrying out programs in developing Saturated Iron-core Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SISFCLs). Innovative technologies were adopted in designing the iron-core and the magnetization circuit, making our SISFCL more efficient, useful, and reliable. With our technology, a 35 kV SISFCL with dry-type electrical insulation and a 220 kV SISFCL with oil electrical insulation were manufactured and installed for live-grid operation in 2008 and in 2012 respectively. Operation data and test results show that the performances of the devices meet design expectations and utility's needs. Our SISFCL is applicable for both transmission and distribution networks and can satisfy a wide range of fault current limiting impedance requirements.
Designing an operating system for a heterogeneous reconfigurable SoC (2004)

The emerging need for large amounts of flexible computational power on embedded devices motivated many researchers to incorporate reconfigurable logic together with an instruction-set-processor (ISP) into their architectures. This implies that tomorrow's applications will make use of both the ISP and the reconfigurable logic in order to provide the user with maximum performance. Today, however, a few stumbling blocks prevent these kinds of heterogeneous architectures from becoming mainstream. The technology still lacks a form of run-time management infrastructure. This infrastructure should ease application development by shielding the programmer from the complexity of the system and by providing a clear application development API. This paper presents a novel approach for designing an operating system for reconfigurable systems (OS4RS). Creating such an operating system is an integral part of our ongoing research regarding reconfigurable computing. An initial version of our operating system was used to manage a reconfigurable systems demonstrator.
Application of a SPME-IMS detection system for explosives detection (2005)

The detection of illicit explosives in a large room, container, or cargo hold is problematic due to the current limitations in sampling and detection of explosives and to the size and time constraints of the search. Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) can be used to rapidly extract volatile and semi-volatile compounds from the headspace of an explosive and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid presumptive organic detection technique that has already found widespread use in the detection of hidden explosives. SPME has recently been coupled to IMS as a sample pre-concentration device in order to improve the detection of explosives concealed in open areas. Detection limits have been determined for the following taggants: 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitro butane (DMNB) and the following volatile explosive compounds: 2,4-dinitrotoluene, (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT). Nitrocellulose (NC) is also capable of being detected by the SPME-IMS system on a reliable basis. Results from these experiments point towards the usefulness of this technique as a potential screening tool for explosive compounds. Mass transport experiments are being conducted to determine the compound concentration in a flow of air for detection to occur. Further work will also be conducted using explosive odor signature compounds as potential illicit explosive detection compounds.
A conformal microwave antenna applicator for circumferential ablation (2003)

This paper presents a circumferential tissue ablation device used to form a circumferential conduction block in a pulmonary vein. The circumferential ablation element includes an expandable balloon that is adapted to conform to the pulmonary vein (PV) in the region of its ostium; a microwave transducer is provided and conformed to the balloon's skin, which can form the circumferential ablation by transmitting microwave energy. The microwave transducer includes a mechanism of impedance tuning by which the microwave ablation catheter system can match the impedance of its power supply with the transmission line to minimize reflected power and optimize energy delivery to targeted tissues.
Threshold Password-Hardened Encryption Services. (2020)

Password-hardened encryption (PHE) was introduced by Lai et al. at USENIX 2018 and immediately productized by VirgilSecurity. PHE is a password-based key derivation protocol that involves an oblivious external crypto service for key derivation. The security of PHE protects against offline brute-force attacks, even when the attacker is given the entire database. Furthermore, the crypto service neither learns the derived key nor the password. PHE supports key-rotation meaning that both the server and crypto service can update their keys without involving the user. While PHE significantly strengthens data security, it introduces a single point of failure because key-derivation always requires access to the crypto service. In this work, we address this issue and simultaneously increase security by introducing threshold password-hardened encryption. Our formalization of this primitive revealed shortcomings of the original PHE definition that we also address in this work. Following the spirit of prior works, we give a simple and efficient construction using lightweight tools only. We also implement our construction and evaluate its efficiency. Our experiments confirm the practical efficiency of our scheme and show that it is more efficient than common memory-hard functions, such as scrypt. From a practical perspective this means that threshold PHE can be used as an alternative to scrypt for password protection and key-derivation, offering better security in terms of offline brute force attacks.
Process for continuously cooking chemical cellulose pulp : Kontinuerlig kokning med extra uppehållstid för avdragen vätska utanför kokaren (2001)

Process for continuously cooking chemical pulp in a digester system consisting of at least one vessel for impregnating and cooking comprising an inlet into which a mixture of chips and process liqu ...
A Low-Delay Audio Coder with Constrained-Entropy Quantization (2007)

We present a low-delay, constrained-entropy, backward adaptive, linear-predictive audio coder with low computational complexity. In contrast to most practical linear-predictive coders, the coder facilitates the exploitation of reverse waterfilling. The coder uses time-invariant quantization step size and constrained-entropy coding, thus eliminating the convergence problems of backward adaptation near signal transitions. Yet rate variations are kept small by the usage of a mixture model density for the signal. The mixture model has the backward adapted model and a second model as components and the component probability is transmitted. Experimental results confirm the advantages of the coder structure and show that the coder provides good overall performance.
Flexible kesterite solar cells on ceramic substrates for advanced thermal processing (2015)

Flexible CZTSSe solar cells were fabricated on 40-micron thick zirconia substrates compatible with R2R fabrication. Lower thermal budgets by a factor of 25 – 150 and superior temperature stability could not only drastically reduce the energy budget and processing time but also enable the study of radically new annealing profiles such as ultrafast ramping and cooling rates that are impossible on glass. Higher purity than soda lime glass also offers improved control of critical elements such as sodium. Initial tests achieved efficiency of 11.5 % with Voc =452mV, FF =66 % and Jsc = 38 mA/cm2.
Logical clock requirements for reverse engineering scenarios from a distributed system (2002)

To reverse engineer scenarios from event traces, one must infer causal relationships between events. The inferences are usually based on a trace with sequence numbers or timestamps corresponding to some kind of logical clock. In practice, there is an explosion of potentially causal relationships in the trace, which limits one's ability to extract scenarios. This work defines a more parsimonious form of causality called scenario causality that concentrates on certain major causal relationships and ignores more subtle, potentially causal links. The influence of an event is restricted to the particular scenario it is part of. An event which is not a message reception is defined to be caused by the previous event in the same software object, while a message reception is caused by a sending event in another object. The events are ordered to form a scenario event graph where typed nodes are events and the typed edges are certain causal relationships. Intuitively, we might say that most logical clocks, which identify events which "happened before" a given event and, thus, are potentially causal, give an upper bound on the set of causal events; scenario causality identifies a lower bound. The much smaller lower bound set makes it possible to reverse engineer and automate the analysis of scenarios.
EXPRESSION OF AN ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED ERCC1 MESSENGER-RNA SPECIES, IS RELATED TO REDUCED DNA-REPAIR EFFICIENCY IN HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES (1995)

We have previously shown that in non-drug-selected human T lymphocytes, DNA repair is the primary determinant of cellular resistance to cisplatin (1). In this system, we have assessed mRNA levels of expression of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes ERCC1 and XPA, as well as the alternatively spliced species of ERCC1 which lacks exon VIII. The focus of these studies, was to try to identify the possible relative roles of normal XPA, full-length ERCC1, and alternatively spliced ERCC1, in a system where DNA repair is a clear determinant of cisplatin resistance. ERCC1 expression was directly related to cisplatin-DNA adduct repair capability, as well as directly related to cisplatin resistance, suggesting a primary role for ERCC1 in effecting DNA repair. XPA expression was approximately equivalent in each cell line, regardless of the level of DNA repair activity, suggesting a helper role for the product of this gene. The mRNA levels of the alternatively spliced species of ERCC1 were strongly inversely related to DNA repair activity, suggesting a possible inhibitory influence on the DNA repair process. This interpretation is consistent with alternative splicing of several known oncogenes, where the alternatively spliced species has an inhibitory effect on the full-length gene product. The NER pathway appears to be vitally important in effecting cisplatin resistance in non-drug-selected T lymphocytes. Further, it appears that NER may have at least one inhibitory regulatory component.
Visualizing Complex Patterns in the Spread of Head and Neck Cancers (1993)

A predictable pattern in the spread of head and neck cancers has been derived from multidimensional scal ing (MDS). MDS places points in an abstract space such that distances between points are proportional to differences in the occurrence of tumor in different clus ters of lymph nodes. The purpose of the present work is to visualize the predictions of this model. Ellipses are expanded in the abstract space to represent the spreading cancer. Lymph nodes on an image of a real head are made to change color as their corresponding points are encountered by the expanding ellipse in the abstract space. Correlations between the actual and predicted patterns of metastases are high (r = .963 to .999), and experienced surgeons believe these depic tions of metastatic spread are accurate. Such transfor mations of pathological processes between real and abstract spaces could assist surgeons in locating tu mors and in other medical decisions.