gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Development of bulk heavy-metal fluoride glass optics</title> (1993)

Fluoride glasses based on ZrF<SUB>4</SUB> are being developed for various applications including ultralow loss fiber optics and mid-infrared optical components. Advantages of these glasses include a very high transparency from about 225 nm to about 6000 nm. Also, these glasses show a negative temperature coefficient for the change in refractive index so that the thermal optical distortion is very low. The objective of this program is to develop large infrared windows for use with high power mid-infrared lasers. Major problems in preparing these glasses include very low viscosities at the melting and casting temperatures, and high crystal growth rates. Glass preparation techniques have been developed which are suitable for melting and casting quantities of this glass up to 100 kg. Good quality castings have now been made up to 53 cm diameter X 4 cm thick weighing about 40 kg. Finished windows up to 51 cm X 3.8 cm have been made which show few inclusions and low distortion of transmitted light. Glass compositions and melting processes used for the preparation of these disks are described.
Room-temperature synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles in different media and their application in cyanide photodegradation (2013)

Cyanide is an extreme hazard and extensively found in the wastes of refinery, coke plant, and metal plating industries. A simple, fast, cost-effective, room-temperature wet chemical route, based on cyclohexylamine, for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles in aqueous and enthanolic media was established and tested for the photodegradation of cyanide ions. Particles of polyhedra morphology were obtained for zinc oxide, prepared in ethanol (ZnOE), while spherical and some chunky particles were observed for zinc oxide, prepared in water (ZnOW). The morphology was crucial in enhancing the cyanide ion photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnOE by a factor of 1.5 in comparison to the efficiency of ZnOW at an equivalent concentration of 0.02 wt.% ZnO. Increasing the concentration wt.% of ZnOE from 0.01 to 0.09 led to an increase in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency from 85% to almost 100% after 180 min and a doubling of the first-order rate constant (k).
Isolation and characterization of a novel human pancreas-specific gene,pancpin, that is down-regulated in pancreatic cancer cells (1998)

By means of the differential display method, we isolated a novel human gene that is expressed specifically in pancreas. The cDNA, designated "pancpin," contained an open reading frame of 1,215 nucleotides encoding a 405 amino acid protein, showing a high degree of similarity to serine protease inhibitors belonging to the serpin superfamily. To investigate its possible role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we looked for genetic alterations of this gene in pancreatic cancer cell lines and primary pancreatic cancer tissues. Expression of pancpin was barely detectable in any of the four pancreatic cancer cell lines examined, and very weak also in 10 of 13 pancreatic cancer tissues. A somatic missense mutation at codon 221 was found in two of 16 primary pancreatic cancers. These findings indicate that down-regulation of pancpin expression may play a significant role in development or progression of pancreatic cancer.
Exploring Memory Access Patterns for Graph Processing Accelerators (2020)

Recent trends in business and technology (e.g., machine learning, social network analysis) benefit from storing and processing growing amounts of graph-structured data in databases and data science platforms. FPGAs as accelerators for graph processing with a customizable memory hierarchy promise solving performance problems caused by inherent irregular memory access patterns on traditional hardware (e.g., CPU). However, developing such hardware accelerators is yet time-consuming and difficult and benchmarking is non-standardized, hindering comprehension of the impact of memory access pattern changes and systematic engineering of graph processing accelerators. In this work, we propose a simulation environment for the analysis of graph processing accelerators based on simulating their memory access patterns. Further, we evaluate our approach on two state-of-the-art FPGA graph processing accelerators and show reproducibility, comparablity, as well as the shortened development process by an example. Not implementing the cycle-accurate internal data flow on accelerator hardware like FPGAs significantly reduces the implementation time, increases the benchmark parameter transparency, and allows comparison of graph processing approaches.
Expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein: A novel LH-induced mitochondrial protein required for the acute regulation of steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells (1995)

The acute response of steroidogenic cells to hormone stimulation is the mobilization of cholesterol from cellular stores and the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane and the cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex (CSCC) where the first enzymatic reaction occurs. It has been well established that the translocation of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane requires de novo protein synthesis and that this process is the rate-limiting, regulated step in steroidogenesis. We have purified a novel mitochondrial protein (named StAR) from the MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells which we have previously proposed represents a strong candidate for the newly synthesized regulatory protein in steroidogenesis. The cDNA for StAR was cloned and we have demonstrated that expression of the StAR protein in MA-10 cells in the absence of hormone stimulation results in a 3 fold increase in progesterone production compared to mock transfected cells. These studies indicate a direct indicate a direct relationship between StAR expression and steroidogenesis, therefore, we conclude that StAR is required in the acute regulation of steroidogenesis.
<title>Millimeter-wave high-resolution holographic surveillance system</title> (1994)

A prototype millimeter wave holographic surveillance system has been developed and demonstrated at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The prototype millimeter wave holographic surveillance system developed at PNL consists of a sequentially switched 2 X 64 element array coupled to a 35 GHz bi-static transceiver. The sequentially switched array of antennas can be used to obtain the holographic data at high speed by electronically sequencing the antennas along one dimension and performing a mechanical scan along the other dimension. A 1D mechanical scan can be performed in about one second. The prototype system scans an aperture of 0.75 by 2.05 m. This system has been demonstrated and images have been obtained on volunteers at Sea-Tac International airport in Seattle, Washington.
IntroPerf (2014)

Performance bugs are frequently observed in commodity software. While profilers or source code-based tools can be used at development stage where a program is diagnosed in a well-defined environment, many performance bugs survive such a stage and affect production runs. OS kernel-level tracers are commonly used in post-development diagnosis due to their independence from programs and libraries; however, they lack detailed program-specific metrics to reason about performance problems such as function latencies and program contexts. In this paper, we propose a novel performance inference system, called IntroPerf, that generates fine-grained performance information -- like that from application profiling tools -- transparently by leveraging OS tracers that are widely available in most commodity operating systems. With system stack traces as input, IntroPerf enables transparent context-sensitive performance inference, and diagnoses application performance in a multi-layered scope ranging from user functions to the kernel. Evaluated with various performance bugs in multiple open source software projects, IntroPerf automatically ranks potential internal and external root causes of performance bugs with high accuracy without any prior knowledge about or instrumentation on the subject software. Our results show IntroPerf's effectiveness as a lightweight performance introspection tool for post-development diagnosis.
Method of Generating Multiple Sets of Orthogonal Codes with Wide Choice of Spreading Factors (2012)

This paper presents a generic method to construct multiple sets of orthogonal codes for application in direct sequence spread spectrum systems. The plurality of orthogonal sets is generated using any single two-level autocorrelation sequence of period one less than the desired spreading factor of the orthogonal codes. The proposed method hence generates orthogonal codes of all spreading factors for which a corresponding two-level autocorrelation sequence exists. The resulting orthogonal sets with wide choice of spreading factors is desirable in synchronous direct sequence spread spectrum systems. The sets can be generated such that they do not contain the codeword with single polarity as in the case of Walsh-Hadamard codes and orthogonal sets generated from cyclic shifts of two-level autocorrelation sequences. This renders all codes in the generated sets with an effective spreading gain. The generation method also encompasses a procedure to generate N-1 sets with low inter-set correlation for application to oversaturated spread spectrum systems.
Hypoglycemia Prevention via Pump Attenuation and Red-Yellow-Green “Traffic” Lights Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Pump Data (2010)

This article offers, for the first time, a method for smoothly reducing insulin delivery rate to prevent hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on a mathematically formal assessment of hypoglycemic risk. In silico, we demonstrate the way this method can prevent hypoglycemia while avoiding hyperglycemia rebounds that exceed 180 mg/dl. In conjunction with the pump attenuation algorithms, this article also proposes a system for alerting an individual of their hypoglycemic risk that contains three "levels" of alerts in the form of a traffic light. This alert system can be used in an advisory mode setting to alert the user to take action when hypoglycemia is imminent ("red" light) or in a closed-loop setting where initiation of rescue action begins when the red light alert is triggered.
A generalized theory and new calibration procedures for network analyzer self-calibration (1991)

A general theory for performing network analyzer calibration is presented. Novel calibration procedures are derived which allow for partly unknown standards. The most general procedure derived is called TAN and allows for five unknown parameters in the three calibration standards. The values of the unknown parameters are determined during the calibration procedure via eigenvalue conditions. The good performance of all the procedures has been shown experimentally. This wide spectrum of procedures using different calibration standards makes it possible to choose an optimal algorithm for any environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Enhancement of Hydration of Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash by Sonication (2002)

The use of limestone to control SO2 emissions in fluidized bed combustors (FBC) results in high CaO content in the ashes. This presents challenges for their disposal including significant exothermic behavior and uncontrolled expansion in the landfill. Hydration of the ashes is required to convert the CaO, but the current two-step hydration process is not very effective. In the present work a new technique using ultrasound to promote the hydration was examined. Initial work was done using an ultrasonic bath and subsequently an ultrasonic probe. Hydration levels greater than 80% in 20−40 min with amplitudes of 40% or more were achieved with residues containing high levels of CaO. This is about twice what can be achieved using conventional hydration technique. Similar results were obtained using FBC ashes from four utility/industrial scale and one pilot plant scale FBC units. The mechanism for the promotion of hydration by the ultrasound is also explored.
Characterization of Ultrasound Detection Using a Strain-Insensitive FBG Sensing System Incorporating Fiber Ring Laser (2011)

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ultrasonic sensing system incorporating a fiber ring laser was constructed. An FBG was used not only as a sensor but also as a ring cavity mirror in the system. The fiber ring laser emitted a laser at the Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor. When ultrasound impinged on the FBG sensor, the intensity of the laser varied in accordance with the ultrasonic vibration. Ultrasound detection of this system is attributed to the wavelength dependence of optical gain in an optical amplifier used the fiber ring laser. Despite a considerable shift in the Bragg wavelength of an FBG sensor, this system could sensitively detect vibrations over a broad band ranging from a few Hz to hundreds of kHz.
A scalable, dynamic multicast routing algorithm in ATM networks (2002)

In this paper, we present a scalable dynamic multicast routing algorithm based on a dynamic Steiner tree approach. First, we analyze a hierarchical multicast routing algorithm which introduced the use of core nodes in each peer-group to support multicasting under the private network-network interface (PNNI) framework. Based on this analysis, we conclude that finding near-optimal multicast trees in each peer-group is important. Our proposed algorithm produces improved results by computing better multicast trees within each peer-group. This scheme also eliminates the dependency of core node selection, on the quality of overall multicast tree generated. We compare the two schemes based on simulations on several randomly generated graphs of size ranging from 115 to 170 nodes. Based on these simulations, we show that our algorithm performs 35% better than the hierarchical algorithm. Our algorithm is scalable, allows incorporation of fault-tolerance and can easily be extended to incorporate a QoS criterion in routing.
Efficient luminescence from zeolites (1994)

Zeolites as potential luminescent materials is a subject that has received little attention previously. The optical properties–UV emission and reflectance/absorbance spectra–of zeolites X and Y prepared with various degrees of Ce doping are described and an interpretation of the results is proposed based on the occupation of the various zeolitic coordination sites (see Figure). magnified image
Color Tunability in Photochromic Naphthopyrans (2000)

Abstract Photochromic naphthopyrans are of particular interest due to their wide use in applications such as switchable eyewear, security devices and novelty items. The spectral properties of the activated form are important in many of these applications. This paper reports the effect of substituents on the visible absorption of the activated form(s). In addition to color, other photochromic properties of naphthopyrans are briefly discussed.
Practical superconductor development for electrical power applications annual report for FY 1998. (1999)

Development of useful high-T{sub c} superconductors requires synthesis of superconducting compounds; fabrication of wires, tapes, and films from these compounds; production of composite structures that incorporate stabilizers or insulators; and design and testing of efficient components. This report describes FY 1998 technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components in the Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu and Y-Ba-Cu oxide systems. Topics discussed are synthesis and heat treatment of high-T{sub c} superconductors, formation of monolithic and composite conductors, characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties, and fabrication and testing of prototype components. Collaborations with industry and academia are documented.
Cardiac Function in Mice Overexpressing the β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase or a βARK Inhibitor (1995)

Transgenic mice were created with cardiac-specific overexpression of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (beta ARK1) or a beta ARK inhibitor. Animals overexpressing beta ARK1 demonstrated attenuation of isoproterenol-stimulated left ventricular contractility in vivo, dampening of myocardial adenylyl cyclase activity, and reduced functional coupling of beta-adrenergic receptors. Conversely, mice expressing the beta ARK inhibitor displayed enhanced cardiac contractility in vivo with or without isoproterenol. These animals demonstrate the important role of beta ARK in modulating in vivo myocardial function. Because increased amounts of beta ARK1 and diminished cardiac beta-adrenergic responsiveness characterize heart failure, these animals may provide experimental models to study the role of beta ARK in heart disease.
Design of a Linear Bi-Stable Compliant Crank-Slider-Mechanism (LBCCSM) (2014)

This paper presents a new model for a linear bistable compliant mechanism and design guidelines for its use. The mechanism is based on the crank-slider mechanism. This model takes into account the first mode of buckling and post-buckling behavior of a compliant segment to describe the mechanism’s bistable behavior. The kinetic and kinematic equations, derived from the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model, were solved numerically and are represented in plots. This representation allows the generation of step-by-step design guidelines. The design parameters consist of maximum desired deflection, material selection, safety-factor, compliant segments’ widths, maximum force required for actuator selection and maximum footprint (i.e. the maximum rectangular area that the mechanism can fit inside of and move freely without interfering with other components). Because different applications may have different input requirements, this paper describes two different design approaches with different parameters subsets as inputs.
Cloning and characterization of LCB1, a Saccharomyces gene required for biosynthesis of the long-chain base component of sphingolipids (1991)

The existence of auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae having an absolute requirement for the long-chain base (lcb) component of sphingolipids suggests that sphingolipids are crucial for viability and growth. One mutant, termed the lcb1-1 mutant, lacks the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme in the pathway for long-chain base synthesis. Here, we present evidence that LCB1 has been molecularly cloned. The size of the LCB1 transcript, the direction of transcription, and transcription initiation sites were determined. In addition, the coding region and its 5' and 3' flanking regions were sequenced. Analysis of the DNA sequence revealed a single open reading frame of 1,674 nucleotides, encoding a predicted peptide of 558 amino acids. The hydropathy profile of the predicted peptide suggests a hydrophobic, globular, membrane-associated protein with two potential transmembrane helices. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to known protein sequences revealed homology to 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase and to 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase. These homologies, the similarity of the chemical reactions catalyzed by the three enzymes, and the finding that LCB1 restores serine palmitoyltransferase activity to an lcb1-defective strain indicate that serine palmitoyltransferase or a subunit of the enzyme is the most likely product of LCB1. Homology of the LCB1 predicted protein to the Escherichia coli biotin synthetase was also observed, but the biological significance of this observation is not clear. A role for sphingolipids in sporulation is implicated by our finding that diploids homozygous for lcb1 failed to sporulate.
The Memristor Laser (2020)

Here we demonstrate the first-ever semiconductor laser with non-volatile tuning functionality. A GaAs-on Silicon quantum dot laser is integrated with an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> memristor, which results in lasing mode being manipulated by memristor states. The memristor controls the microring laser output wavelength in a non-volatile manner.
Catalyst for hydrotreating carbonaceous liquids. [Patent application] (1979)

A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurating carbonaceous liquid such as solvent refined coal includes catalytic metal oxides impregnated within a porous base of mostly alumina with relatively large pore diameters, surface area and pore volume. The base material includes pore volumes of 0.7 to 0.85 ml/g, surface areas of 200 to 350 m/sup 2//g and pore diameters of 85 to 200 Angstroms. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include the oxides of Group VII metals, molybdenum and tungsten, and the oxides of Group VIII metals, nickel and cobalt, in various combinations. These catalysts and bases in combination have effectively promoted the removal of chemically combined sulfur and nitrogen within a continuous flowing mixture of carbonaceous liquid and hydrogen gas.
A base-band NDS electrode configuration for HACT devices (1994)

Heterostructure Acoustic Charge Transport (HACT) devices have been fabricated with a new nondestructive sense (NDS) electrode structure that provides for the recovery of base-band signals without the use of an integrating capacitor. This electrode structure provides an output signal comprising an RF carrier at the SAW frequency, amplitude modulated by the sampled input signal which has been delayed by a period proportional to the output electrodes distance from the input diode. The output of the NDS electrode structure is subsequently demodulated to provide the base-band signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular cloning of a pig homologue of membrane cofactor protein (CD46) (1997)

Organs of transgenic pigs that express human complement regulatory proteins are under assessment as an alternative to transplantation. A major barrier to the transplantation of pig organs is the hyperacute rejection caused by pre-existing antibodies and complement. Pig cells are very susceptible to human complement, presumably because pig cell-surface complement regulatory proteins are inefficient against it. Expression of human complement regulatory proteins, such as decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor proteins (MCP or CD46), by means of transgenes would confer resistance to human complement upon pig cells, thereby preventing hyperacute rejection. To express sufficient levels of human complement regulatory proteins at appropriate sites, regulatory elements of genes of pig membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins would be useful. To obtain their cDNAs, we transfected human cells with a pig cDNA library, selected cells by incubation with pig complement and rescued the plasmids. We cloned a cDNA for the pig homologue of MCP, pMCP. The cDNA encoded a predicted protein of 363 amino acids with 42% amino acid identity with human MCP. The pMCP consisted of four short consensus repeats, a Ser/Thr/Pro-rich domain, and transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Recombinant soluble pMCP that lacked transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains had factor I cofactor activity in C3b cleavage, indicating that it is functionally, as well as structurally homologous to MCP. FACS analysis with anti-pMCP mAb demonstrated that pMCP is expressed on all blood leukocytes, erythrocytes, and on endothelial and epithelial cell lines.