gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot contamination precoding in multi-cell large scale antenna systems (2012)

An LSAS entails a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving a much smaller number of terminals, with large gains in spectral-efficiency and energy-efficiency compared with conventional MIMO technology. Until recently it was believed that in multi-cellular LSAS, even in the asymptotic regime, as the number of service antennas tends to infinity, the performance is limited by directed inter-cellular interference. The interference results from unavoidable re-use of reverse-link pilot sequences (pilot contamination) by terminals in different cells. We devise a new concept that leads to the effective elimination of inter-cell interference in TDD LSAS systems. This is achieved by outer multi-cellular pre-coding, which we call pilot contamination pre-coding (PCP). The main idea of PCP is that each base station linearly combines messages aimed to terminals from different cells that re-use the same pilot sequence. Crucially, the combining coefficients depend only on the slow-fading coefficients between the terminals and the base stations. Each base station independently transmits its PCP-combined symbols using conventional linear pre-coding that is based on estimated fast-fading coefficients. Further we derive estimates for SINRs and a capacity lower bound for the case of LSASs with PCP and finite number of antennas M.
Quo vadis, trophoblast? Exploring the new ways of an old cell lineage (2017)

Trophoblast cells are the first embryonic lineage to differentiate during human development, and are needed to sustain fetal life through their role in constructing a placenta. As the fetus grows, the trophoblast rapidly expands and further differentiates to produce an extravillous subtype that invades the maternal tissues. Some of the extravillous trophoblast cells find their way into the reproductive tract, and can be safely captured by noninvasive collection from the endocervical canal, similarly to a Pap smear. We are developing a new technology for investigating trophoblast cells residing in the cervix to better understand their development, and to glean information from them about pregnancy status. Trophoblast retrieval and isolation from the cervix (TRIC) efficiently isolates hundreds of trophoblast cells without limitations due to early gestational age, maternal obesity, or uteroplacental insufficiency disorders. Cells that appear to be extravillous trophoblast, based on their molecular phenotype, can be purified from Pap smears obtained between 5 and 20 weeks of gestation, using magnetic nanoparticles coupled to an antibody recognizing HLA-G that they specifically produce. Information about fetal genotype and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been obtained using TRIC, and could one day provide assessment of maternal and fetal risk of disease. As perinatal interventions for placental disorders and inherited congenital disorders emerge, TRIC could provide a key diagnostic tool for personalize precision pregnancy management.
Radiation Dose Estimation by Automated Cytogenetic Biodosimetry (2016)

The dose from ionizing radiation exposure can be interpolated from a calibration curve fit to the frequency of dicentric chromosomes (DCs) at multiple doses. As DC counts are manually determined, there is an acute need for accurate, fully automated biodosimetry calibration curve generation and analysis of exposed samples. Software, the Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier (ADCI), is presented which detects and discriminates DCs from monocentric chromosomes, computes biodosimetry calibration curves and estimates radiation dose. Images of metaphase cells from samples, exposed at 1.4-3.4 Gy, that had been manually scored by two reference laboratories were reanalyzed with ADCI. This resulted in estimated exposures within 0.4-1.1 Gy of the physical dose. Therefore, ADCI can determine radiation dose with accuracies comparable to standard triage biodosimetry. Calibration curves were generated from metaphase images in ~10 h, and dose estimations required ~0.8 h per 500 image sample. Running multiple instances of ADCI may be an effective response to a mass casualty radiation event.
Microbial transformation of 6-O-methylerythromycin derivatives. (1988)

Mucor circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus IFO 4563 was found to convert 6-O-methylerythromycin A (TE-031, A-56268) to (14R)-14-hydroxy-6-O-methylerythromycin A [14R)-14-hydroxy TE-031). The TLC and spectral data of the conversion product were perfectly identical with those of an active major metabolite of TE-031 in humans (M-5). A related antibiotic, 6-O-methylerythromycin B (TB-010), was able to be similarly transformed to its C-14 hydroxy analogue [14R)-14-hydroxy-6-O-methylerythromycin B, (14R)-14-hydroxy TB-010). The MICs of (14R)-14-hydroxy-6-O-methylerythromycin B against some Gram-positive bacteria were almost equal to those of 6-O-methylerythromycin B. It is suggested that the hydroxylation at C-14 of 6-O-methylerythromycins A and B scarcely reduces their in vitro activity.
Hormonal responses during various phases of autoimmune adrenal failure: no evidence for 21-hydroxylase enzyme activity inhibition in vivo. (1996)

Adrenal autoantibodies (ACA) are markers of adrenal cortex involvement in idiopathic Addison's disease. Recently the 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) enzyme has been discovered to be the major autoantigen of the ACA. A potential role of these antibodies in determining adrenal failure by inhibition of the 21-OH has been recently postulated. To test this hypothesis, cortisol and aldosterone (final products of adrenal steroid synthesis) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-progesterone) (as a marker of 21-OH impairment) have been investigated in baseline conditions and after ACTH (1-24) stimulation test in a group of 42 patients positive for both ACA and 21-OH autoantibodies. Patients were divided into five groups according to the stages (0-4) of adrenal failure. With progression toward overt Addison's disease, baseline 17-OH-progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone remained almost unchanged but with impairment of their responses to ACTH (1-24) stimulation. The 17-OH-progesterone/cortisol ration remained normal both in basal conditions and after stimulation at stages 0-3. At stage 4 (overt Addison's disease), this ratio increased in baseline condition with no changes after ACTH (1-24), probably because of persistent 17-OH-progesterone gonadal production. In conclusion, there was a progressive and concomitant impairment of the synthesis of all steroids tested over various phases of adrenal failure. The pattern of response of the 17-OH-progesterone/cortisol ratio to ACTH stimulation in patients with 21-OH autoantibodies was not consistent with the autoantibodies inhibiting the 21-OH activity. This suggests that the inhibiting effect of 21-OH autoantibodies on 21-OH activity is not usually evident in vivo.
Alternative barrier layers for surface covers in dry climates (1994)

Surface covers are one of the most widespread remediation and waste management options in all climates. Barrier layers to limit percolation through cover systems are principal features of engineered, multi-component cover designs. Conventional barrier layer components developed for humid climates have limitations in dry climates. One alternative barrier layer is a capillary barrier, which consists of a fine-over-coarse soil arrangement. The capacity of capillary barrier to laterally divert downward moving water is the key to their success. Another alternative is a dry barrier, in which atmospheric air is circulated through a coarse layer within the cover to remove water vapor. Incorporating a coarse layer which stores water for subsequent removal by air flow reduces the requirements for the air flow velocity and increases the applicability of the dry barrier.
Spectrally Resolved Raman Lidar to Measure Backscatter Spectra of Atmospheric Three-Phase Water and Fluorescent Aerosols Simultaneously: Instrument, Methodology, and Preliminary Results (2022)

This work presents a spectrally resolved Raman lidar (SRRL) for simultaneous measurement of volume backscattering coefficient spectra (backscatter spectra for short) of atmospheric three-phase water and fluorescent aerosols. The SRRL emits 354.8-nm laser light and records both N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Raman echoes around 386.7 nm and spectral signals in a specially modified spectral range of ~393–424 nm. By defining normalized spectra, a unique spectra decomposition approach is developed for successive retrieval of normalized spectra components of fluorescent aerosols, water vapor, ice water, and liquid water. Furthermore, the backscatter spectra of each component are obtained by referencing the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Raman signals. Three typical measurement cases are provided. For the clear-day case, the lidar-measured normalized water vapor Raman spectra are found to be nearly invariant in shape and can serve as background spectra reference for decomposition of mixed-phase water Raman spectra. Besides, fluorescence backscatter intensities are usually weak enough to be neglected in clear areas. For the fluorescence case, the fluorescence backscatter intensities become much stronger to prevent accurate measurements of water vapor. For the mixed-phase water virga case, the decomposed backscatter spectra of condensed ice and liquid water indicate the coexistence of ice water and less amount of liquid water in the falling water virga. In conclusion, this kind of SRRL is believed to have provided the potential for simultaneous and accurate profiling of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid/ice water and opened up new perspectives for studies of cloud–aerosol interaction.
Abstract 18400: Opposite Roles of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Domains in the Development of Vascular Calcification (2017)

Background: Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through its hydrolase domain and also possesses a phosphatase domain, whose biological r...
Tunable optical waveguide directional coupler filter (1978)

An integrated optical filter composed of coupled nonidentical strip waveguides in LiNbO3 is demonstrated. The device has a 200-Å bandwidth, is tunable over several hundred angstroms, and offers electrical control of the crossover efficiency.
Per-channel color barcodes for displays (2016)

We present a per-channel framework for extending monochrome barcodes to color for display applications, offering increased data rates and capacity. Data is independently encoded into barcodes, incorporated within a color image as the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels and decoded from the corresponding R, G, and B channels in the image of the displayed barcode captured with a smartphone. Using a physical model for the display and capture processes, we show that the cross-channel interference in this situation is appropriately modeled by a linear mixing relation. Via experiments done over multiple smartphones and displays, we demonstrate that the impact of the interference is small and can be further mitigated through the use of interference cancellation. Two methods are presented for estimating and canceling the interference: either using pilot blocks in coherent designs where the synchronization marker patterns align between the codes or using expectation maximization. Results are presented for both QR and Aztec color codes in this framework, highlighting its versatility. Overall bit error rates are shown to be below 1.23% and are further reduced by interference cancellation. These low error rates are well within the correction capacity of the error correction codes used for typical color barcodes.
A New Type of Analog Voltmeter Using Electrooptic Effect in Nematic Liquid Crystals (1977)

Abstract An analog voltmeter, in which a nematic liquid crystal is used both for a sensor part and a display part is proposed. Its several characteristics are investigated by employing the DAP effect as an example. The linearity in the relation between the indicated lengths and the voltages to be measured is fairly good, though the rise and decay time are rather long.
Path delay fault simulation of sequential circuits (1993)

To analyze path delay faults in synchronous sequential circuits, stimuli are simulated in a dual-vector mode. The signal states represent the logic and transition conditions for two consecutive vectors. After the simulation of each vector, only the activated paths are traced and the corresponding fault effect, if propagated to a flip-flop, is added to its fault list. A path numbering scheme avoids storage of path data which can be generated, if needed, from the path number. The simulation is independent of the specific delays of the combinational elements, and either robust or nonrobust detection can be simulated as options to the user. For robust simulation, an update rule for state variables is proposed whereby a flip-flop is updated with its correct value, provided it is a destination of at least one robustly activated path. This rule gives a higher and more realistic coverage of robustly detected faults. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the simulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Initial Experimental Experience with a Sprayable Biodegradable Polymer Membrane (SBPM) Technology in Cotton (2020)

Preformed biodegradable and next generation sprayable biodegradable polymer membrane (SBPM) formulations, which biodegrade to non-harmful products (water, carbon dioxide and microbial biomass), have been introduced as an alternative to plastic mulch films in order to mitigate plastic pollution of the environment. In this preliminary field study on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a novel SBPM technology was compared to preformed slotted oxo-degradable plastic (ODP) mulch film and no mulch control (CON) in terms of yield, crop water productivity (CWP), and soil temperature. The first results showed higher CWP and crop yield, and increased soil water content under the SBPM cover. This study indicates that SBPM technology could perform at similar level as ODP or comparable films under field conditions and, at the same time, provide environmentally sustainable agricultural cropping practices. Additionally, the fully treated, non-replicated SBPM plot had a wetter soil profile throughout the entire crop season. This innovative technology has shown a high potential even at this early stage of development, indicating that advances in formulation and further testing can lead to significant improvements and thus increased use in crop production systems.
Real diffusion weighted MRI enabling true signal averaging and increased diffusion contrast (2015)

This project aims to characterize the impact of underlying noise distributions on diffusion-weighted imaging. The noise floor is a well-known problem for traditional magnitude-based diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) data, leading to biased diffusion model fits and inaccurate signal averaging. Here, we introduce a total-variation-based algorithm to eliminate shot-to-shot phase variations of complex-valued diffusion data with the intention to extract real-valued dMRI datasets. The obtained real-valued diffusion data are no longer superimposed by a noise floor but instead by a zero-mean Gaussian noise distribution, yielding dMRI data without signal bias. We acquired high-resolution dMRI data with strong diffusion weighting and, thus, low signal-to-noise ratio. Both the extracted real-valued and traditional magnitude data were compared regarding signal averaging, diffusion model fitting and accuracy in resolving crossing fibers. Our results clearly indicate that real-valued diffusion data enables idealized conditions for signal averaging. Furthermore, the proposed method enables unbiased use of widely employed linear least squares estimators for model fitting and demonstrates an increased sensitivity to detect secondary fiber directions with reduced angular error. The use of phase-corrected, real-valued data for dMRI will therefore help to clear the way for more detailed and accurate studies of white matter microstructure and structural connectivity on a fine scale.
Relationship between baseline cardiac biomarkers and cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure with and without sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor therapy in <scp>DECLARE‐TIMI</scp> 58 (2020)

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and higher NT-proBNP or hsTnT levels are at increased risk of CV death and HHF. Dapagliflozin reduced the relative risk of CV death/HHF irrespective of NT-proBNP and hsTnT levels, with greater absolute risk reductions seen in patients with higher baseline biomarker levels.
Tunable photonic crystals enable new optical physics and devices (2004)

We show that tunable photonic band gap materials offer new opportunities for device applications. Optical switches or sensors that are far more compact and sensitive, for instance, can be constructed when we introduce either optical or mechanical tunability into photonic crystal structures. Furthermore, when we tune the photonic crystal while a photon is inside the crystal, the crystal can exhibit qualitatively different optical physics effects. As a particularly exciting example, we show that light can in fact be completely stopped in a tunable photonic crystal, and the conventional delay bandwidth product limit in resonator optics can be completely overcome.
Monoclonal antibodies directed against a cell surface-exposed outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1982)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against several different Haemophilus influenzae type b outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular weights of 45,000, 39,000, and 37,000 were identified by a radioimmunoprecipitation method. Five monoclonal antibodies, including both immunoglobulin G and M isotypes, were specific for the same H. influenzae type b major outer membrane protein (39,000 molecular weight). One of these immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies (6A2) was shown to be directed against a cell surface-exposed antigenic determinant of the 39,000-molecular-weight protein, whereas the other monoclonal antibodies directed against this same protein were apparently specific for antigenic determinants not exposed on the H. Influenzae type b cell surface. The cell surface-exposed protein antigenic determinant recognized by monoclonal antibody 6A2 was not unique to the H. influenzae type b strain used as the source of outer membrane vesicles for generating immune spleen cells, but was found in a majority of independently isolated strains of H. influenzae type b. These data indicate that there is antigenic cross-reactivity among H. influenzae type b strains with regard to cell surface-exposed proteins.
<i>In vivo</i> assessment of the therapeutic effects of lyophilized leech saliva extract from (Huridinaria manillensis) on LNCaP tumor xenograft model in nude mice. (2015)

271 Background: Ancient traditional physicians from many countries used leeching to treat a wide range of diseases for thousands of years. A large number of peptides and proteins have been identified and characterized in leech saliva extract (LSE), including anti-thrombotic agents, cancer metastasis inhibitors and anti-microbials Currently, leech therapy is established as an important tool in microsurgery and reconstructive operations having demonstrated superior clinical outcomes for the optimal salvage of grafted tissues. Methods: In the current study, we have determined the in vivo efficacy of LSE from (Huridinaria manillensis) on castration resistant LNCaP xenograft mouse model. Mice were divided into three groups of six, mice were subcutaneously injected with either LSE (5 mg/kg), docetaxel (10 mg/kg), or vehicle once a week. PSA and tumor volume were measured weekly. After four weeks of treatment, mice were euthanized, tumors and organs were collected for transcriptome and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results: There was a significant decrease in the tumor volume and PSA with either docetaxel (10mg/kg) or LSE (5 mg/kg) treated groups compared to the control. While there was no significant difference between the anti-tumor activity of docetaxel (10mg/kg) and LSE (5 mg/kg). IHC showed significant increase in caspase-3 and significant decrease in Ki-67 and PCNA expression in the LSE treated mice compared to the control group. Interestingly, transcriptome analysis of tumor samples showed that LSE modulated cytokine production, monocyte adhesion, steroidogenesis, and P38 MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: LSE has significant anti-tumor activity in LNCaP tumor xenograft models with no apparent side effects. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its inhibition of cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis, modulation of immunity and steroidogenesis.
A Current Sensor-Less Controller for Grid-Connected Inverters (2018)

With mass application of large-scare grid-connected inverters (GCI) in distributed grid, the GCI should avoid resonance with adjacent power electronics equipments and possess low or high voltage ride-through capability, as well as fast current tracking. In addition, the simplicity and cost of GCI controllers should be considered. To meet aforementioned requirements, a new open-loop current controller is proposed in this paper. This open-loop current controller is originated from an ideal differentiator and consists of a proportional, a proportional and a delay (PPD) blocks. Furthermore, the parameters design method of proposed PPD controller is discussed, and the static and dynamic performance of this controller is analyzed under different operation conditions. Compared with conventional PI and PR controllers, the PPD controller owns stability with no condition and reduces cost with no current sensor. Finally, some simulation and experimental results provided verify that the control scheme is feasible and effective.
Animating Expressive Faces Across Languages (2004)

This paper describes a morphing-based audio driven facial animation system. Based on an incoming audio stream, a face image is animated with full lip synchronization and synthesized expressions. A novel scheme to implement a language independent system for audio-driven facial animation given a speech recognition system for just one language, in our case, English, is presented. The method presented here can also be used for text to audio-visual speech synthesis. Visemes in new expressions are synthesized to be able to generate animations with different facial expressions. An animation sequence using optical flow between visemes is constructed, given an incoming audio stream and still pictures of a face representing different visemes. The presented techniques give improved lip synchronization and naturalness to the animated video.