gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-mode switching control of hybrid electromagnetic suspension based on road conditions adaptation (2020)

In this research, a hybrid electromagnetic actuator is proposed to coordinate the contradictions between dynamic performance and energy consumption of an electromagnetic suspension. The hybrid electromagnetic suspension (HEMS) is configured to operate in the passive energy regeneration mode, active control ride comfort mode or active control driving safety mode depending on the road excitation frequency. Then, the HEMS system is modeled. The simulation results show that the HEMS can automatically switch between different modes, and realize an effective coordination between dynamic performance and energy saving. Finally, a quarter car test is conducted, which verifies the effectiveness of the multi-mode switching control.
The <i>WUSCHEL</i> gene promotes vegetative‐to‐embryonic transition in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Formation of somatic embryos in plants is known to require high concentrations of auxin or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which presumably acts to trigger a signalling cascade. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanism that mediates the vegetative-to-embryogenic transition. We have employed a genetic approach to dissect the signal transduction pathway during somatic embryogenesis. In a functional screen using a chemical-inducible activation-tagging system, we identified two alleles of Arabidopsis gene PGA6 whose induced overexpression caused high-frequency somatic embryo formation in all tissues and organs tested, without any external plant hormones. Upon inducer withdrawal, all these somatic embryos were able to germinate directly, without any further treatment, and to develop into fertile adult plants. PGA6 was found to be identical to WUSCHEL (WUS), a homeodomain protein previously shown to be involved in specifying stem cell fate in shoot and floral meristems. Transgenic plants carrying an estradiol-inducible XVE-WUS transgene can phenocopy pga6-1 and pga6-2. Our results suggest that WUS/PGA6 also plays a key role during embryogenesis, presumably by promoting the vegetative-to-embryogenic transition and/or maintaining the identity of the embryonic stem cells.
Martensitic Stainless Steel Seamless Linepipe with Superior Weldability and CO2 Corrosion Resistance (1997)

Abstract Two types of new martensitic stainless steel with good weldability and superior corrosion resistance have been developed for line pipe application. Both steels are suitable for welding without preheating owing to lowering C and N contents, and they show good low temperature toughness in welds without PWHT. One is applied to sweet environments. It gives better resistance to CO2 corrosion than the 13Cr martensitic stainless steel for OCTG. Lowering C and addition of Ni contribute to reduction of general corrosion rate in the CO2 environment. The addition of Cu improves the pitting resistance. The other is applied to light sour environments. It gives good SSC resistance i welds owing to the improvement of the pitting resistance due to Mo addition. The seamless pipes of these martensitic stainless steels are applicable as substitutes for a part of duplex stainless steel flow lines.
Jogger: Models for Context-Sensitive Reminding (Extended Abstract) (2011)

We describe research on principles of context-sensitive reminding that show promise for serving in systems that work to jog peoples’ memories about information that they may forget. The methods center on the construction and use of a set of distinct probabilistic models that predict (1) items that may be forgotten, (2) the expected relevance of the items in a situation, and (3) the cost of interruption associated with alerting about a reminder. We describe the use of this set of models in the Jogger prototype that employs predictions and decision-theoretic optimization to compute the value of reminders about meetings.
Effects of Operational Frequency Scaling in Multi-Degree of Freedom MEMS Gyroscopes (2008)

This paper analyzes the design tradeoffs associated with increasing the operational frequency of single-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes with multi-degree of freedom (DOF) sense modes. Previously, a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> -axis multi-DOF gyroscope (1-DOF drive, 2-DOF sense) was shown to be robust to thermal variations using a prototype with a subkilohertz operational frequency; automotive applications, however, require higher frequencies of operation to suppress the effect of ambient vibrations. To study scaling effects on the multi-DOF concept, design equations were obtained in terms of operational frequency. These revealed a constraint on system parameters that introduces two scaling methods that dictate a tradeoff between gain, die size, and sense capacitance. Second generation multi-DOF gyroscopes were designed and fabricated resulting in 0.7-, 3.1-, and 5.1-kHz devices with smaller sense mode resonant frequency spacings than previously achievable. Experimental rate characterization resulted in scale factors of 14.2, 5.08, and 2.34 mu V/deg /s, respectively, confirming the predicted scaling effects while also demonstrating the feasibility of increased frequency multi-DOF gyroscopes.
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (1998)

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are effective therapy for inducing remission in active Crohn's disease. The odds ratio of response increases after >/= 17 weeks of therapy, suggesting that there is a minimum length of time for a trial of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy. Adverse events were more common among patients on therapy.
Direct and Reversible Synthesis of AlH<sub>3</sub>−Triethylenediamine from Al and H<sub>2</sub> (2007)

Aluminum hydride, AlH3, is the most well-known alane. Though thermodynamically unstable under ambient conditions, it is easily prepared in a metastable state that will undergo controlled thermal decomposition to produce H2 and Al at around 100 °C. AlH3 contains 10.1 wt % hydrogen and has a density of 1.48 g/mL and is therefore of interest for on-board automotive hydrogen storage. ΔHf and ΔGf298K for α-AlH3 are −9.9 and 48.5 kJ/mol AlH3, respectively. The latter value yields an equilibrium hydrogen fugacity of ∼5 × 105 atm at 298 K, which is equivalent to a hydrogen pressure of ∼7 × 103 atm. Thus, the direct regeneration of AlH3 from spent Al with gaseous H2 is deemed impractical. This paper describes an alternate approach to the regeneration of AlH3 via a low-temperature, low-pressure, reversible reaction using Ti-doped Al powder and triethylenediamine (TEDA). The adduct is formed in a slurry of the Al powder and a solution of TEDA in THF in contact with H2. The AlH3−TEDA product is insoluble and precipitates from solution. The reaction, forward or reverse, depends on the departure of the actual pressure of H2 gas above or below the equilibrium pressure. Pressure−composition isotherms in the range of 70−90 °C are presented from which thermodynamic data were calculated. A possible reaction mechanism is described. The relevance of this system to hydrogen storage applications is also noted.
MEMBRANELESS DIALYSIS IN A MICROFLUIDIC CONFIGURATION (2003)

It has been shown to be possible to bring two miscible fluids together, allow diffusional interchange of species between them, and separate the fluids with little or no mixing. This procedure, visualized to occur on small ‘microfluidic’ chips, has been under development for analytical purposes but has recently been proposed as a means of blood purification. Such a system might: (i) enhance biocompatibility; (ii) allow much longer operating times without performance decrement, because there is no membrane to foul (iii) allow multi-step, on-chip processing that is unattractive to realize at macro-scale. These systems raise, however, serious questions: (i) how to achieve volume transport, (ii) how to keep flows in balance over longer times (to avoid mixing), (iii) how to approximate countercurrent flow, (iv) how to avoid excessive protein leakage, and (v) how to design well-behaved inlets and outlets. We report, here, that useful liquid-liquid contact areas behave stably and exchange marker molecules, on prototypes assembled in our laboratory. We show how these prototypes follow predictions of flow and diffusion theory. We describe functional inlets and outlets. We describe photolithographic and silicone casting methods for forming prototypes and demonstrate a ‘flowing sandwich’ (dialysate-blood surrogate-dialysate, see figure) that would eliminate all contact of blood with anything other than dialysate in the transport region of an exchange device.FigureThe challenge of scaling these systems to a level of clinical utility has no precedent in microfluidic research. We thus discuss a smaller system that would support in vitro organogenesis, without transport decrement, as a step toward a wearable clinical dialyzer. Finally, we describe how the technology might be configured to support an adult ESRD patient who uses the device 85% of the time (143 hr/wk).
CelebA-Spoof Challenge 2020 on Face Anti-Spoofing: Methods and Results (2021)

As facial interaction systems are prevalently deployed, security and reliability of these systems become a critical issue, with substantial research efforts devoted. Among them, face anti-spoofing emerges as an important area, whose objective is to identify whether a presented face is live or spoof. Recently, a large-scale face anti-spoofing dataset, CelebA-Spoof which comprised of 625,537 pictures of 10,177 subjects has been released. It is the largest face anti-spoofing dataset in terms of the numbers of the data and the subjects. This paper reports methods and results in the CelebA-Spoof Challenge 2020 on Face AntiSpoofing which employs the CelebA-Spoof dataset. The model evaluation is conducted online on the hidden test set. A total of 134 participants registered for the competition, and 19 teams made valid submissions. We will analyze the top ranked solutions and present some discussion on future work directions.
Studies of Structure-Activity Relations of Complement Inhibitor Compstatin (2003)

Compstatin, a 13-mer cyclic peptide, is a novel and promising inhibitor of the activation of the complement system. In our search for a more active analog and better understanding of structure-functions relations, we designed a phage-displayed random peptide library based on previous knowledge of structure activity relations, in which seven amino acids deemed necessary for structure and activity were kept fixed while the remaining six were optimized. Screening of this library against C3 identified four binding clones. Synthetic peptides corresponding to these clones revealed one analog, called acetylated Ile(1)Leu/His(9)Trp/Thr(13)Gly triple replacement analog of compstatin corresponding to clone 640 (Ac-I1L/H9W/T13G), which was more active than compstatin. This newly identified peptide had 4-fold higher activity when compared with the originally isolated form of compstatin and 1.6-fold higher activity when compared with acetylated compstatin (Ac-compstatin). The structures of Ac-I1L/H9W/T13G and Ac-compstatin were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance, compared with the structure of compstatin, and found to be very similar. The binding of Ac-I1L/H9W/T13G and the equally active acetylated analog with His(9)Ala replacement (Ac-H9A) to C3 was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance, which suggested similarity in their binding mechanism but difference when compared with Ac-compstatin. Compensatory effects of flexibility outside the beta-turn and tryptophan ring stacking may be responsible for the measured activity increase in Ac-I1L/H9W/T13G and acetylated analog with His(9)Ala replacement and the variability in binding mechanism compared with Ac-compstatin. These data demonstrate that tryptophan is a key amino acid for activity. Finally, the significance of the N-terminal acetylation was examined and it was found that the hydrophobic cluster at the linked termini of compstatin is essential for binding to C3 and for activity.
Data from Merkel Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Fluctuate with Merkel Cell Carcinoma Burden and Express Therapeutically Targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 Exhaustion Markers (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> The persistent expression of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) provides a unique opportunity to characterize immune evasion mechanisms in human cancer. We isolated MCPyV-specific T cells and determined their frequency and functional status.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Multiparameter flow cytometry panels and HLA/peptide tetramers were used to identify and characterize T cells from tumors (<i>n</i> = 7) and blood (<i>n</i> = 18) of patients with MCC and control subjects (<i>n</i> = 10). PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) and CD8 expression within tumors were determined using mRNA profiling (<i>n</i> = 35) and immunohistochemistry (<i>n</i> = 13).</p><p><b>Results:</b> MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells were detected directly <i>ex vivo</i> from the blood samples of 7 out of 11 (64%) patients with MCPyV-positive tumors. In contrast, 0 of 10 control subjects had detectable levels of these cells in their blood (<i>P</i> < 0.01). MCPyV-specific T cells in serial blood specimens increased with MCC disease progression and decreased with effective therapy. MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells and MCC-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed higher levels of therapeutically targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors compared with T cells specific to other human viruses (<i>P</i> < 0.01). PD-L1 was present in 9 of 13 (69%) MCCs and its expression was correlated with CD8-lymphocyte infiltration.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> MCC-targeting T cells expand with tumor burden and express high levels of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and Tim-3. Reversal of these inhibitory pathways is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for this virus-driven cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5351–60. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A Power-Capable Knee Prosthesis With Ballistic Swing-Phase (2022)

This paper proposes a new approach to the design of a power-capable prosthesis; namely, one that expands the behavioral capability of a knee prosthesis into the powered quadrants of the power plane, without sacrificing the range of capable behaviors in the passive quadrants, relative to existing passive microprocessor-controlled knee prostheses (MPKs). It is well-known that swing-phase knee motion during walking in healthy human gait results from the combination of inertial coupling between the thigh and shank, gravitational effects, and passive behavior at the knee. Motor-actuated prostheses with powered stance and swing capabilities have recently emerged, but none have been shown to provide a strictly-passive biomimetic swing-phase. This paper describes an approach that enables expansion of knee behavior into the powered quadrants of the power plane, without sacrificing the ability to provide a strictly-passive biomimetic swing-phase, or the passive stance-phase behaviors provided by passive MPKs.
Lanthanide Chelates as a Tool in Nucleic Acid Chemistry (1994)

The potentiality of lanthanide chelates as photoluminescent markers and cleaving agents of nucleic acids is discussed, the main emphasis being on the chelates derived from aromatic nitrogen bases.
Measurement of whole blood viscosity profiles via an automated viscometer: technical details and clinical relevance. (2005)

Recent basic science and large-scale clinical studies involving blood rheological factors have led to a similar conclusion: the mechanics of blood flow play an important role in the development and progression of various cardiovascular diseases (e.g., coronary artery disease, stroke). Several viscometer systems to measure whole blood viscosity have been developed, yet blood viscosity measurements are not routinely employed in clinical practice, primarily due to the complexity of currently available methods. Herein we provide a description of a new, computer-controlled capillary viscometer that offers a convenient approach to the measurement of blood viscosity over a wide range of shear rates. The new viscometer uses a disposable test section, requires small volumes of blood, provides viscosity data that compare well with those from other viscometers, and completes all testing and data analysis within five minutes.
Localized enhancement of supercontinuum generation using fiber Bragg gratings (2005)

Supercontinuum in a fiber-Bragg grating shows a strong enhancement near the grating resonance, even at wavelengths outside the continuum bandwidth, corresponding to the pump third-harmonic. We also show the power dependence of the grating enhancement.
Light-Field Acquisition and Processing System for Film Productions (2013)

With traditional film cameras, important creative parameters such as the depth of field and the viewpoint are burned into the footage after acquisition without the possibility to change them in post-production. In consequence, special attention is required on set to frame the scene and to pull the focus. Against this background, we propose a light-field capturing and processing system, suitable to be used on set, and allowing to change the camera viewpoint and focal plane in post-production. Our approach involves a synchronized array of compact high definition cameras to capture multiple viewpoints enabling a high image quality of the resulting footage. Based on computational imaging methods virtual camera positions and synthetic apertures will be created afterwards. First scenes captured with such an array will be demonstrated.
IgG subclass responses to a transmembrane protein (gp41) peptide in HIV infection. (1989)

The IgG subclass distribution to the E34/E32 peptides, derived from the HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 transmembrane protein, was analyzed in ELISA. Sera from individuals at different stages of the disease were assayed. A restricted subclass response of mainly IgG1 and IgG2 was found. The subclass response was of a different type than the one observed to HIV whole Ag and to a synthetic peptide from the C'-terminal part of the HIV-1 p24 core protein. An increased subclass restriction was observed in progressed stages of the disease.
Use of waste toner in asphaltic concrete. Research report (Final) (1997)

Every year, a tremendous amount of toner is produced for copiers and printers by toner manufacturing companies throughout the United States. Some of this toner does not meet quality specifications and consequently becomes a waste product of the manufacturing process. This manufacturing waste, along with the spent toner (residue) from copiers and printer cartridges, is dumped into landfills for lack of a better way utilizing the material. A cooperative research project undertaken by the Texas Department of Transportation and The University of Texas at Austin investigated the feasibility and potential benefits of utilizing waste toner in hot-mix asphalt concrete. The research program included procuring a number of different waste and spent toners, blending them with asphalt cement at different ratios, and evaluating the binder and mixtures properties resulting from the waste toner addition.
A secure data transmission scheme for 1149.1 backplane test bus (2002)

The four (five) wires defined in IEEE Std 1149.1 can be extended to the backplane to form a test bus that provides a linkage between 1149.1 boards and the backplane environment. This test architecture has many advantages. However, one of the disadvantages is its inability to detect errors that may occur during backplane data transmission and to protect the boards-under-test from unsafe corrupted data. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to address these issues. The concept is first described, then followed by implementation examples. As a result of its simplicity and flexibility, the proposed scheme can be implemented in different ways to suit specific application needs.
A poly(ethylene) glycolylated peptide for ocular delivery compacts DNA into nanoparticles for gene delivery to post‐mitotic tissues <i>in vivo</i> (2009)

PEG-POD was found to significantly increase gene delivery relative to both DNA alone and other pegylated peptides. These findings highlight the use of pegylated peptides, and specifically PEG-POD, as novel gene delivery vectors.
Monitoring airplane takeoff performance - Prototype instrument with learning capability (1995)

An instrument has been developed that gives easily interpreted real-time quantification of aircraft groundroll takeoff performance. The instrument has the capability of evaluating and remembering (i.e., learning) nominal takeoff performance and does not depend on Pilot Operating Handbook values. The analytical model used to predict the expected aircraft acceleration and distances uses input values for field elevation; pressure; temperature; runway direction, slope, and friction condition; wind direction and magnitude; aircraft gross weight; reference airspeed; and power or thrust setting. The instrument requires no interface with aircraft systems except electric power. The actual parameter that is measured is the longitudinal axis acceleration. The real-time takeoff performance quantification is displayed to the pilot in two forms: 1) an acceleration ratio displayed on a screen as a continuous time-line function and 2) a digital display of pertinent ground-roll distances. These displays would appear in a panel instrument similar in size to current stormscopes and/or incorporated in a heads-up display. The takeoff performance is available to the crew as soon as the takeoff power is set. By utilizing this information the pilot is aided in making critical NO-GO decisions early in the takeoff roll when a rejected takeoff can be safely accomplished from low speed.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging in turbid media (1996)

The lifetime of a f luorophore generally varies in different environments, making the molecule a sensitive indicator of tissue oxygenation, pH, and glucose. However, lifetime measurements are complicated when the f luorophore is embedded in an optically thick, highly scattering medium such as human tissue. We formulate the inverse problem for f luorescence lifetime tomography using diffuse photon density waves, and we demonstrate the technique by deriving spatial images of heterogeneous f luorophore distribution and lifetime, using simulated measurements in heterogeneous turbid media.
A systematic study of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition growth of large-area monolayer graphene (2011)

Graphene has attracted considerable interest as a potential material for future electronics. Although mechanical peel is known to produce high quality graphene flakes, practical applications require continuous graphene layers over a large area. The catalyst-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising synthetic method to deliver wafer-sized graphene. Here we present a systematic study on the nucleation and growth of crystallized graphene domains in an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process. Parametric studies show that the mean size of the graphene domains increases with increasing growth temperature and CH<sub>4</sub> partial pressure, while the density of domains decreases with increasing growth temperature and is independent of the CH<sub>4</sub> partial pressure. Our studies show that nucleation of graphene domains on copper substrate is highly dependent on the initial annealing temperature. A two-step synthetic process with higher initial annealing temperature but lower growth temperature is developed to reduce domain density and achieve high quality full-surface coverage of monolayer graphene films. Electrical transport measurements demonstrate that the resulting graphene exhibits a high carrier mobility of up to 3000 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature.