gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of automatic and manual testing for web accessibility (2018)

Web accessibility is an indispensable medium for online communication and digital inclusion\nnowadays. With the recent adoption of the Web Accessibility Directive making the Internet\nresources accessible has become a legal obligation and strikes a need for more detailed and\nreliable ways of web accessibility evaluation of the websites.\nThroughout the years, many tools have been developed for testing web accessibility as well\nas a plethora of metrics that are expected to convey the results. Unfortunately, in most cases\nthe findings appear to be incomplete since the studies rely only on one testing method, i.e.,\nautomatic or manual. The study has set itself a goal to contribute with knowledge to solving\nthree research questions. First, how to combine results from automated and manual evaluation\nof web accessibility? Second, how to express the integration results in a quantitative manner?\nFinally, what is the impact of the dynamic content on the integration results when the content\nof the website is frequently updated and personalized?\nThis thesis proposes a novel approach to integration of manual and automated accessibility\ntesting, where the results of the evaluations are combined on the basis of accessibility guidelines.\nAdditionally, a quantitative metric – Union Score, together with a graphical visualization\ncalled Accessibility Pie Chart, are propounded, as the means for expressing the outcomes of the\naccessibility evaluation with use of the combined approach.\nThe research has been grounded on the mixed-method approach and embedded the findings\nof the conducted interviews into a quantitative study. In order to find emphirically the most\nsuitable method for combining manual and automated testing, fifteen web pages selected from\ntwo websites were chosen for evaluation with two testing tools: WTKollen Checker and WTKollen\nUser-Testing Tool.\nThe findings of the analysis show that WCAG 2.0 may serve as a bridge between manual and\nautomated evaluation outcomes and result in an increased coverage of the Success Criteria. The\nproposed metric has been preliminarily validated with regard to its application for benchmarking\npurposes and supplemented with a graphical way of presenting accessibility testing results.\nFurthermore, it is concluded that the suggested integration approach can be deployed. Yet, the\nchallenge of dynamic content evaluation requires more research attention.\nThe study has contributed to the current state of knowledge about web accessibility evaluation\nand the results are expected to be used for implementation of the novel approach. For the\nfuture paths, a more extended study on the proposed metric’s properties is advised. Also, the\nimportance of further research in the area of dynamic content evaluation is highlighted.
The Value of Neuraminidase Inhibitors for the Prevention and Treatment of Seasonal Influenza: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews (2013)

Controversy has arisen regarding the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs), especially against influenza-related complications. A literature search was performed to critically assess the evidence collected by the available systematic reviews (SRs) regarding the benefits and disadvantages of NIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir) compared to placebos in healthy and at-risk individuals of all ages for prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal influenza. A SR was done using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Technology Assessment Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Medline (January 2006-July 2012). Two reviewers selected SRs based on randomized clinical trials, which were restricted to intention-to-treat results, and they assessed review (AMSTAR) and study quality indicators (GRADE). The SRs included (N = 9) were of high quality. The efficacy of NIs in prophylaxis ranged from 64% (16-85) to 92% (37-99); the absolute risk reduction ranged from 1.2% to 12.1% (GRADE moderate to low). Clinically relevant treatment benefits of NIs were small in healthy adults and children suffering from influenza-like illness (GRADE high to moderate). Oseltamivir reduced antibiotic usage in healthy adults according to one SR, but this was not confirmed by other reviews (GRADE low). Zanamivir showed a preventive effect on antibiotic usage in children (95% (77-99);GRADE moderate) and on the occurrence of bronchitis in at-risk individuals (59% (30-76);GRADE moderate). No evidence was available on the treatment benefits of NIs in elderly and at-risk groups and their effects on hospitalization and mortality. In oseltamivir trials, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were significant side-effects. For zanamivir trials, no adverse effects have been reported. The combination of diagnostic uncertainty, the risk for virus strain resistance, possible side effects and financial cost outweigh the small benefits of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the prophylaxis and treatment of healthy individuals. No relevant benefits of these NIs on complications in at-risk individuals have been established.
Quick-response torque-controlled induction motor drives using phase-locked loop speed control with disturbance compensation (1996)

This paper presents an excellent speed control scheme for induction motor drives. Phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques based on proportional-integral derivative (PID) feedback of the phase difference is employed to provide extremely accurate speed regulation. The quick-response torque control of an induction motor is used to provide better torque characteristics. In addition, a disturbance is estimated by a disturbance observer and the estimated value is fed back to eliminate the disturbance effect on the motor speed. The proposed system combines the precise speed regulation of PLL technique and the advantage of the quick-response torque control, with the insensitivity to disturbance by the disturbance compensation. A phase-plane analysis is used to evaluate the effects of gain coefficients of PID feedback of phase difference. Experimental results are presented to verify the characteristics of the proposed system.
Engineering Palladium Surfaces to Enhance the Electrochemical Storage of Hydrogen (2017)

Materials can be engineered to have enhanced hydrogen storage capabilities for a given electrolysis working condition by modifying the composition of the first few atomic layers. The changes in composition of the near surface can affect the balance between the Volmer, Tafel, and Heyrovsky reactions, which changes the chemical potential of the adsorbed hydrogen, and ultimately controls the electrochemical insertion of hydrogen. To this end, the hydrogen stored under galvanostatic conditions was investigated after altering the composition of the Pd surface with various combinations of Pb, Bi, and Pt. It was found that the addition of an underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi on the Pd cathode increases the hydrogen content from PdH0.77 to PdH0.81 at −10.9 mA cm−2, and the addition of a small amount of Pt to the UPD Bi (Pt/Bi atomic ratio of 0.13 ± 0.01) further increased the hydrogen content to PdH0.87. For comparison, the same change in hydrogen content from pressurized gas loading experiments would require an increase in hydrogen fugacity from about 16 to 2400 atm. This work provides a fundamental basis for the future design of surface alloys yielding enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage in Pd and other hydrogen absorbing materials.
Atmospheric pressure plasma chemical vapor deposition system for high-rate deposition of functional materials (2000)

The atmospheric pressure plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system has been developed to fabricate functional thin films at very high deposition rate. The atmospheric pressure plasma, in which high-density radicals are created, has been effectively used to deposit thin films. Combination of the newly designed rotary electrode and the 150 MHz very high frequency power supply makes it possible not only to generate the high-density atmospheric pressure plasma but also to avoid ion bombardment against the film. By virtue of these noble characteristics of the system, high quality films can be fabricated at an unprecedented high deposition rate. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the atmospheric pressure plasma CVD system, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films were prepared in gas mixtures containing He, H2, and SiH4. The results showed that homogeneous a-Si:H films grew when substrates were heated at 200 °C. Extremely high deposition rate, which was more than 100 times faster than that of the conventional low-pressure plasma CVD technique, was realized.
FIELD TEST OF MONITORING OF URBAN VEHICLE OPERATIONS USING NON- INSTRUSIVE TECHNOLOGIES : FINAL REPORT (1997)

This report documents the activities and results of a test of non- intrusive traffic detection technologies. Seventeen devices representing eight different technologies were evaluated in varying environmental and traffic conditions. The following technologies were tested: passive infrared, active infrared, magnetic, radar, doppler microwave, pulse ultrasonic, passive acoustic, and video. Testing was done at both freeway and intersection locations. Emphasis was placed on urban traffic conditions and locations that typify temporary counting locations. The evaluation also focused on the ease of system setup and use, general system reliability, and system flexibility.
Carbohydrate Make‐up of Chick Pea, Cow Pea and Horse Gram (1983)

Abstract Extraction with 70% ethanol of chick pea, cow pea and horse gram yielded 7.1, 8.1 and 3.6%, respectively of free sugars, all showing the presence of galactose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose in varying proportions. Starch was isolated in 28 – 37% yields; whereas the unavailable carbohydrates were found to be 17.6, 14.5 and 24.2% respectively. All the fractions contained uronic acid, pentoses and hexoses in different proportions. No ethanol‐soluble sugar or starch was detectable in the husk. The husk was rich in cellulose which still contained small amounts of pentose constituents, indicating probably its incomplete extraction or a strong macromolecular association.
What the new JCAH medical staff standard may portend. (1984)

Have hospital medical staffs been caught unawares by a more permissive medical staff standard? Is chaos inevitable in light of the new standard? No on both counts, says the author, although reconfiguring medical staffs to adapt to changes in the health care field is a time-consuming process of evolution.
Omnidirectional Robot System that can Change the Number of Actuators and the Disposition (2005)

This paper proposes a new system for omnidirectional vehicles or robots, in which the arrangement of actuators is designed according to the intended application. In other words, the number of actuators and the disposition there of are determined based on the specific application. The system consists of two controllers, a feedforward controller using an inverse-kinematics model and a feedback controller that reduces the effects of disturbances due to eccentric loading or imbalanced driving force. In order to illustrate the proposed system, we conducted experiments using a Horizontal Wheel Driving Mechanism as an actuator. The performance of the system was verified experimentally for various actuator arrangements. As an operative example, the system was applied to provide a steel office desk with omnidirectional movement. The proposed system will expand the applicability of omnidirectional vehicles or robots.
3D time-space path planning algorithm in dynamic environment utilizing Arrival Time Field and Heuristically Randomized Tree (2012)

This paper deals with a path planning problem in the dynamic and cluttered environments. The presence of moving obstacles and kinodynamic constraints of the robot increases the complexity of path planning problem. We model the environment and motion of dynamic obstacles in 3D time-space. We propose the utilization of the arrival time field for examining the most promising area in those obstacles-occupied 3D time-space for approaching the goal. The arrival time field is used for guiding the expansion of a randomized tree search in a favorable way, considering kinodynamic constraints of the robot. The quality and the optimality of the path are taken into account by performing heuristic methods on the randomized tree. Simulation results are also provided to prove the feasibility, possibility, and effectiveness of our algorithm.
Joseph Furphy: The Philosopher in the Foundry (2013)

This is the John Furphy Memorial lecture, delivered on 13 September, 2012, at Shepparton as part of the conference to honour a hundred years since Joseph Furphy's death.
A smart and accurate interface for resistive sensors (2001)

This paper presents a smart and accurate interface for resistive sensors based on the use of a relaxation oscillator. To obtain high accuracy, good long-term stability and a reduction of the effects of interference and parasitic elements, some classical and new measurement techniques have been applied in the novel sensor interface. Moreover, all multiplicative and additive errors, and the common-mode effect of the interface are eliminated, using a multiple-signal calibration technique. A prototype has been built and was tested. Experimental results show that the interface is able to measure a resistance of 0 to 400 /spl Omega/, with a resolution of 7 m/spl Omega/ and an accuracy of 11 m/spl Omega/. The measurement time is about 100 ms.
Presidential Assessment: Obstacle To Leadership (1984)

(1984). Presidential Assessment: Obstacle To Leadership. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 5-7.
Texture Mapping for 3D Reconstruction with RGB-D Sensor (2018)

Acquiring realistic texture details for 3D models is important in 3D reconstruction. However, the existence of geometric errors, caused by noisy RGB-D sensor data, always makes the color images cannot be accurately aligned onto reconstructed 3D models. In this paper, we propose a global-to-local correction strategy to obtain more desired texture mapping results. Our algorithm first adaptively selects an optimal image for each face of the 3D model, which can effectively remove blurring and ghost artifacts produced by multiple image blending. We then adopt a non-rigid global-to-local correction step to reduce the seaming effect between textures. This can effectively compensate for the texture and the geometric misalignment caused by camera pose drift and geometric errors. We evaluate the proposed algorithm in a range of complex scenes and demonstrate its effective performance in generating seamless high fidelity textures for 3D models.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactides Catalyzed by Natural Amino-Acid Based Zinc Catalysts (2010)

A series of chiral NNO-tridentate Schiff base ligands derived from natural amino acids were reacted with zinc(bis-trimethylsilylamide)(2) to provide metal complexes which have been fully characterized. One of these derivatives was further reacted with p-fluorophenol to yield a phenoxide complex. X-ray crystallographic studies reveal the zinc Schiff base amide complexes to be monomeric, whereas, the p-fluorophenolate complex was shown to be dimeric with bridging phenoxide ligands. All zinc complexes were shown to be very effective catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactides at ambient temperature, producing polymers with controlled and narrow molecular weight distributions. These enantiomerically pure zinc complexes did not show selectivity toward either L- or D-lactide, that is, k(D(obsd))/k(L(obsd)) approximately = 1. However, steric substituents on the Schiff base ligands exhibited moderate to excellent stereocontrol for the ROP of rac-lactide. Heterotactic polylactides were produced from rac-lactide with P(r) values ranging from 0.68 to 0.89, depending on the catalyst employed and the reaction temperature. The reactivities of the various catalysts were greatly affected by substituents on the Schiff base ligands, with sterically bulky substituents being rate enhancing.
A smart home energy management system using IoT and big data analytics approach (2017)

Increasing cost and demand of energy has led many organizations to find smart ways for monitoring, controlling and saving energy. A smart Energy Management System (EMS) can contribute towards cutting the costs while still meeting energy demand. The emerging technologies of Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data can be utilized to better manage energy consumption in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. This paper presents an Energy Management System (EMS) for smart homes. In this system, each home device is interfaced with a data acquisition module that is an IoT object with a unique IP address resulting in a large mesh wireless network of devices. The data acquisition System on Chip (SoC) module collects energy consumption data from each device of each smart home and transmits the data to a centralized server for further processing and analysis. This information from all residential areas accumulates in the utility's server as Big Data. The proposed EMS utilizes off-the-shelf Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data analytics software packages to better manage energy consumption and to meet consumer demand. Since air conditioning contributes to 60% of electricity consumption in Arab Gulf countries, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) Units have been taken as a case study to validate the proposed system. A prototype was built and tested in the lab to mimic small residential area HVAC systems1.
Impact of l-Arginine Metabolism on Immune Response and Anticancer Immunotherapy (2018)

The progression from neoplastic initiation to malignancy happens in part because of the failure of immune surveillance. Cancer cells successfully escape immune recognition and elimination and create an immune-suppressive microenvironment. A suppressive metabolic microenvironment may also contribute to ineffective T-cell function. Tumor progression is characterized by a complex network of interactions among different cell types that cooperatively exploit metabolic reprogramming. As we start to recognize that cancer cells use different metabolism processes than normal cells do, a better understanding of the functional mechanisms of the regulation and reprogramming of the metabolic landscape in cancer cells is crucial to successful immunotherapy strategies. However, the exact role of metabolism in T cells and in the tumor microenvironment is not known. One pathway that plays an important role in the regulation of immune cell reactivity is arginine metabolism, which has complex cellular functions. l-arginine and its downstream metabolites (e.g., ornithine and citrulline) could be essential to T-cell activation and thus modulate innate and adaptive immunity to further promote tumor survival and growth. Identifying metabolic targets that mediate immunosuppression and are fundamental to sustaining tumor growth is key to increasing the efficacy of immunotherapies.
Expression of HERV-K proviruses in human leukocytes (1993)

HERV-K is a 50-copy, human endogenous, class 1 retroviral element that contains some polycistrons with gag, pol, and env open reading frames. Although expression of HERV-K proviruses has been shown in cultured human cell lines, expression of these elements has not been shown in human blood leukocytes. Using both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ribonuclease protection techniques, we show HERV-K pol gene expression in human blood leukocytes. Expression in blood leukocytes from 7 normal individuals was from a variety of different HERV-K proviruses, while restricted expression was observed in blood cells of 5 leukemia patients and 3 polycythemia vera patients. Evidence is presented suggesting that the restricted expression in leukemia blood cells is a result of gene regulation, not gene amplification.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Excimer Laser Ablation by Time-Resolved Reflectometry (1993)

Noninvasive time-resolved reflectometry provided real-time information about target ablation. This technique may have diagnostic utility during laser corneal surgical procedures.
Investigation of the mechanism of soft tissue conduction explains several perplexing auditory phenomena (2014)

Soft tissue conduction (STC) is a recently expounded mode of auditory stimulation in which the clinical bone vibrator delivers auditory frequency vibratory stimuli to skin sites on the head, neck, and thorax. Investigation of the mechanism of STC stimulation has served as a platform for the elucidation of the mechanics of cochlear activation, in general, and to a better understanding of several perplexing auditory phenomena. This review demonstrates that it is likely that the cochlear hair cells can be directly activated at low sound intensities by the fluid pressures initiated in the cochlea; that the fetus in utero, completely enveloped in amniotic fluid, hears by STC; that a speaker hears his/her own voice by air conduction and by STC; and that pulsatile tinnitus is likely due to pulsatile turbulent blood flow producing fluid pressures that reach the cochlea through the soft tissues.
Wavelet video coding with ladder structures and entropy-constrained quantization (1996)

A subband decomposition using wavelet filters has become an effective basis for image compression. The use of a ladder structure for the subband filtering provides a fast implementation and allows the system to be useful at video rates. A system is proposed that provides good quality video for moderate motion, roughly common intermediate format-f 0-t (CIF-) sized images at bit rates under 500 kb/s, and for teleconferencing scenes at bit rates from 180 kb/s to below 128 kb/s (basic rate ISDN). The system uses subband coding, a modified version of H.261, and entropy-constrained quantization to achieve the desired bit rate and image quality.
A chloroplast-localized vesicular transport system: a bio-informatics approach (2004)

Our database search approach gives further support to that a system similar to cytosolic vesicular trafficking is operational inside the chloroplast. However, solid biochemical data is needed to support the chloroplast localization of the identified proteins as well as their involvement in intra-chloroplast lipid trafficking.
Algebraic Helmholtz inversion in planar magnetic resonance elastography (2008)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an increasingly used noninvasive modality for diagnosing diseases using the response of soft tissue to harmonic shear waves. We present a study on the algebraic Helmholtz inversion (AHI) applied to planar MRE, demonstrating that the deduced phase speed of shear waves depends strongly on the relative orientations of actuator polarization, motion encoding direction and image plane as well as on the actuator plate size, signal-to-noise ratio and discretization of the wave image. Results from the numerical calculation of harmonic elastic waves due to different excitation directions and simulated plate sizes are compared to experiments on a gel phantom. The results suggest that correct phase speed can be obtained despite these largely uncontrollable influences, if AHI is based on out-of-plane displacements and the actuator is driven at an optimal frequency yielding an optimal pixel per wavelength resolution in the wave image. Assuming plane waves, the required number of pixels per wavelength depends only on the degree of noise.