gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin-l and -II Subunit Gene Expression of Male Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Injection: Quantitation Using an Optimized Ribonuclease Protection Assay1 (1998)

In fish, both gonadotropin (GtH)-I and -II are involved in the spermatogenic process, but the differential regulation of these hormones by GnRH is still poorly understood. To gain further insight into the GnRH regulation of GtH-I and -II gene expression in the male striped bass, we have developed and optimized a ribonuclease protection assay for the simultaneous measurement of all GtH subunit mRNAs in a single pituitary gland. The RNA extraction protocol enables the determination of GtH protein content in the same sample, thus enhancing the power of the method. Maturing striped bass males were injected intramuscularly with [D-Ala6,Pro9Net]-LHRH (GnRHa) and sampled at 6 and 24 h postinjection. The mRNA levels of the alpha subunit and GtH-IIbeta increased after 6 h (4- and 6-fold, respectively), while the GtH-Ibeta mRNA levels increased only 2-fold after 24 h. Interestingly, GnRHa stimulation caused a significant increase in beta-actin mRNA levels. GnRHa treatment also resulted in a 2-fold decrease in pituitary GtH-II content, associated with a dramatic increase of plasma GtH-II levels from undetectable levels (< 0.2 ng/ml) to 13+/-2 ng/ml after 6 h. These results demonstrate that both GtH-Ibeta and -Ilbeta are expressed during striped bass spermatogenesis and that the two genes are subjected to differential regulation by GnRHa.
Performance improvement and optimization of fiber amplifier with a midway isolator (1992)

A theoretical analysis of a new type of erbium-doped fiber amplifier with an isolator in its midway is presented. It is shown that the noise characteristics as well as the gain characteristics are improved by the midway isolator. The optimization of the isolator position is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brain injury by global ischemia and reperfusion (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Past studies have linked differences in white matter tissue properties to reading skills. However, these studies have reported a range of, sometimes conflicting, results. Some studies suggest that white matter properties act as individual-level traits predictive of reading skill, whereas others suggest that reading skill and white matter develop as a function of an individual’s educational context. In the present study, we tested two hypotheses: a) that diffusion properties of the white matter reflect stable brain characteristics that relate to reading skills over development or b) that white matter plays a part in a dynamic system, linked with learning over time. To answer these questions, we examined the relationship between white matter and reading in a series of large-scale, single-observation datasets and a four-year longitudinal dataset. We find that gains in reading skill correspond to longitudinal changes in the white matter. However, in the single-observation datasets, we find no evidence for the hypothesis that individual differences in white matter predict reading skill. These findings highlight the link between dynamic processes in the white matter and learning. <h3>Significance statement</h3> Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have identified a relationship between white matter properties and reading skill. However, these effects are inconsistent across studies and lead to sometimes conflicting conclusions about the relationship between white matter and reading skills. In a longitudinal dataset, we found that gains in reading skill correspond to changes in white matter properties of the left arcuate over time. However, we did not identify a stable link between white matter and reading skill across three large-scale, cross-sectional datasets. These findings suggest that the relationship between reading skill and white matter should be considered longitudinally. These findings further suggest that within-subject approaches are critical for understanding the dynamic interplay between white matter development and reading skills.
요구분석을 통한 PMP의 교육적 활용방안: u-Learning 환경에서의 교수자의 역할을 중심으로 (2008)

이론적으로 u-Learning 환경 하에서는 학습자가 학습하고 있다는 느낌이 들지 않을 정도로 실시간으로 또한 상황대응적으로 학습이 이루어진다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 u-Learning 도입의 초기단계를 가정하고 PMP(Personal Multimedia Player)를 이용한 학습 환경을 주로 살펴보았다. 또한 본 논문에서는 PMP를 활용한 학습 환경 하에서 사용자들이 인지하는 학습활동의 장애요인을 도출하는데 주요 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 64명의 사용자와 비사용자를 중심으로 요구분석을 실시했으며, 그 결과 PMP 사용동기, 비용, 사용콘텐츠, 불만족 사항 등을 분석 보고하고 이를 토대로 6가지 확산의 장애요인인 인식의 부족, 자신감의 상실, 부작용, 교육 및 지원의 부족, 비용, 콘텐츠 부족 등을 제시하였다. 더불어 이러한 PMP 활용 u-Learning 확산의 장애요인을 최소화하기 위한 가이드라인도 제언하였다.
A modular strategy for engineering orthogonal chimeric RNA transcription regulators (2013)

Antisense RNA transcription attenuators are a key component of the synthetic biology toolbox, with their ability to serve as building blocks for both signal integration logic circuits and transcriptional cascades. However, a central challenge to building more sophisticated RNA genetic circuitry is creating larger families of orthogonal attenuators that function independently of each other. Here, we overcome this challenge by developing a modular strategy to create chimeric fusions between the engineered transcriptional attenuator from plasmid pT181 and natural antisense RNA translational regulators. Using in vivo gene expression assays in Escherichia coli, we demonstrate our ability to create chimeric attenuators by fusing sequences from five different translational regulators. Mutagenesis of these functional attenuators allowed us to create a total of 11 new chimeric attenutaors. A comprehensive orthogonality test of these culminated in a 7 × 7 matrix of mutually orthogonal regulators. A comparison between all chimeras tested led to design principles that will facilitate further engineering of orthogonal RNA transcription regulators, and may help elucidate general principles of non-coding RNA regulation. We anticipate that our strategy will accelerate the development of even larger families of orthogonal RNA transcription regulators, and thus create breakthroughs in our ability to construct increasingly sophisticated RNA genetic circuitry.
Unconscious vision: new insights into the neuronal correlate of blindsight using diffusion tractography (2006)

The existence of several types of unconscious vision, or 'blindsight', has convincingly been demonstrated in numerous studies, and their neuronal correlates have been hypothesized according to the nature of the residual vision observed. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to demonstrate an association between the presence of 'Type I'- blindsight or 'attention blindsight' and reconstructed superior colliculi (SC) fibre tracts in hemispherectomized subjects, in support of the hypothesis that this subcortical structure plays a pivotal role in this type of blindsight. Before the DTI study, 'Type I' blindsight was identified in two of four hemispherectomized subjects by using a spatial summation effect paradigm, an indirect behavioural method, in which subjects were unaware of a stimulus presented in their blind visual field and were required to respond to an identical stimulus presented simultaneously in their intact field. SC tracts were then reconstructed in six control subjects, the two hemispherectomized subjects with blindsight and the two hemispherectomized subjects without blindsight. Whereas control subjects demonstrated mainly ipsilateral connections to visual association areas, parietal cortex, prefrontal areas and to an area close to the frontal eye fields, hemispherectomized subjects with blindsight showed ipsi- and contralateral connections from the SC to visual association areas, primary visual areas, parietal areas, prefrontal areas and to the posterior part of the internal capsule. In contrast, no projections from the SC on the hemispherectomized side were observed in hemispherectomized subjects without blindsight, in support of a key role of this structure in 'Type-I' or 'attention blindsight'.
Evaluation of Acoustic Imaging System Using Correlation Division in Synthetic Transmit Aperture with Multicarrier Signals (2011)

This paper presents and evaluates a new acoustic imaging system that uses multicarrier signals for correlation division in synthetic transmit aperture (CD-STA). CD-STA is a method that transmits uncorrelated signals from different transducers simultaneously to achieve high-speed and high-resolution acoustic imaging. In CD-STA, autocorrelations and cross-correlations in transmitted signals must be suppressed because they cause artifacts in the resulting images, which narrow the dynamic range as a consequence. To suppress the correlation noise, we had proposed to use multicarrier signals optimized by a genetic algorithm. Because the evaluation of our proposed method was very limited in the previous reports, we analyzed it more deeply in this paper. We optimized three pairs of multicarrier waveforms of various lengths, which correspond to 5th-, 6th- and 7th-order M-sequence signals, respectively. We built a CD-STA imaging system that operates in air. Using the system, we conducted imaging experiments to evaluate the image quality and resolution of the multicarrier signals. We also investigated the ability of the proposed method to resolve both positions and velocities of target scatterers. For that purpose, we carried out an experiment, in which both moving and fixed targets were visualized by our system. As a result of the experiments, we confirmed that the multicarrier signals have lower artifact levels, better axial resolution, and greater tolerance to velocity mismatch than M-sequence signals, particularly for short signals.
Towards End-to-end Text Spotting with Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

In this work, we jointly address the problem of text detection and recognition in natural scene images based on convolutional recurrent neural networks. We propose a unified network that simultaneously localizes and recognizes text with a single forward pass, avoiding intermediate processes like image cropping and feature re-calculation, word separation, or character grouping. In contrast to existing approaches that consider text detection and recognition as two distinct tasks and tackle them one by one, the proposed framework settles these two tasks concurrently. The whole framework can be trained end-to-end, requiring only images, the ground-truth bounding boxes and text labels. Through end-to-end training, the learned features can be more informative, which improves the overall performance. The convolutional features are calculated only once and shared by both detection and recognition, which saves processing time. Our proposed method has achieved competitive performance on several benchmark datasets.
Interpassivity and the Joy of Delegated Play in Idle Games (2018)

This paper examines the youngest video games genre, the so called idle (incremental) game, also referred to as the passive, self-playing or clicker game, which seems to challenge the current understanding of digital games as systems, based on a human-machine interaction where it is the human who actively engages with the system through meaningful choices. Idle games, on the other hand, tend to play themselves, making the player’s participation optional or, in some cases, entirely redundant. Interactivity and agency – qualities extensively theorised with reference to digital games – are questioned in the context of idling. In this paper the author will investigate the self-contradictory genre through the lens of interpassivity, a concept developed by Robert Pfaller and Slavoj Žižek to describe the aesthetics of delegated enjoyment. This contribution aims at introducing interpassivity to a wider Game Studies community, and offers an alternative perspective to reflect upon digital games in general and self-playing games in particular.
Regio- and size-selective catalysis : porous aromatic frameworks and C3-symmetric receptors (2016)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2016.
Molecular Dissection of 2B4 Signaling: Implications for Signal Transduction by SLAM-Related Receptors (2004)

2B4 is a SLAM-related receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells. It can regulate killing and gamma interferon secretion by NK cells, as well as T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. There are conflicting data regarding the mechanism of action of 2B4. In these studies, we attempted to understand better the nature and basis of 2B4 signaling. Our studies showed that engagement of 2B4 on NK cells triggered a tyrosine phosphorylation signal implicating 2B4, Vav-1, and, to a lesser extent, SHIP-1 and c-Cbl. Structure-function analyses demonstrated that this response was defined by a series of tyrosine-based motifs in the cytoplasmic region of 2B4 and was not influenced by the extracellular or transmembrane segment of 2B4. In addition, the 2B4-induced signal was absolutely dependent on coexpression of SAP, a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing adaptor associating with SLAM-related receptors and mutated in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. It was also observed that 2B4 was detectably associated with the Src-related protein tyrosine kinase FynT in an immortalized NK cell line. Mutation of arginine 78 of SAP, a residue critical for binding of SAP to FynT, eliminated 2B4-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation, implying that SAP promotes 2B4 signaling most probably by recruiting FynT. Finally, despite the similarities in the signaling modalities of 2B4 and its relative SLAM, the natures of the tyrosine phosphorylation signals induced by these two receptors were found to be different. These differences were not caused by variations in the extent of binding to SAP but rather were dictated by the tyrosine-based sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptors. Taken together, these data lead to a better understanding of 2B4 signaling. Furthermore, they provide firm evidence that the signals transduced by the various SLAM-related receptors are unique and that the specificity of these signals is defined by the distinctive arrays of intracytoplasmic tyrosines in the receptors.
Dual-band dual-polarised microstrip array with fractional frequency ratio (2012)

An S/X dual-band dual-polarised shared aperture microstrip array with fractional frequency ratio (FR=1:3.5) is presented. A hybrid feed is adopted in this phased array to improve the isolation. Measured results agree well with the simulation, exhibiting a |S11|≤15 dB bandwidth of 10% in both bands. Good polarisation-isolation and radiation pattern are also confirmed.
SIGNe: A Geographic Information System on the Web for End-Stage Renal Disease. (2005)

A Web-based Geographic Information System (Web-GIS), the SIGNe (Système d'Information Géographique pour la Néphrologie), was designed for the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) dedicated to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). This Web-GIS was coupled to a data warehouse and embedded in an n-tier architecture designed as the Multi-Source Information System (MSIS). It allows to access views of ESRD concerning the epidemiology of the demand and the supply of care. It also provides maps matching the offer of care to the demand. It is presented with insights on the design and underlying technologies. It is dedicated to professionals and to public health care decision-makers in the domain of ESRD.
Deep Learning for Symbolic Mathematics (2019)

Neural networks have a reputation for being better at solving statistical or approximate problems than at performing calculations or working with symbolic data. In this paper, we show that they can be surprisingly good at more elaborated tasks in mathematics, such as symbolic integration and solving differential equations. We propose a syntax for representing mathematical problems, and methods for generating large datasets that can be used to train sequence-to-sequence models. We achieve results that outperform commercial Computer Algebra Systems such as Matlab or Mathematica.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC ADDITION OF ALKANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS TO ALKYL MALEATES (1980)

Abstract Maleinsäureester (II) setzen sich in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butylperoxid mit der 10 ‐ 20‐fachen Menge der Alkandicarbonsäuremethyl‐ oder ethylester (I) um.
Sequential advancing flexion retention attachment: a locking device for the wrist-driven flexor hinge splint. (1978)

The Sequential Advancing Flexion Retention Attachment (SAFRA) was developed for cervical spinal cord-injured patients with a muscle grade of poor to fair in the wrist extensors. It is used on a standard wrist-driven flexor hinge hand splint with adjustable tenodesis bar. Through the development of the SAFRA, maintained prehension can be obtained without externally powered devices such as CO2 or electrically powered orthoses. The patient's increased functional abilities are discussed and advantages summarized.
Organic Nanowire-Templated Fabrication of Alumina Nanotubes by Atomic Layer Deposition (2007)

Alumina nanotubes were fabricated by a template method. Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (GaQ3) organic nanowires were used as a soft template for coating with alumina using an atomic layer deposition technique. The deposition was conducted at 25 degrees C by using trimethylaluminum and distilled water as the precursors of Al2O3. Amorphous alumina nanotubes were obtained after removing the GaQ3 by dissolving in toluene or by heat treatment at 350 degrees C. The amorphous nanotubes could be crystallized by heating at 900 degrees C for 1 h in vacuum.
The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database: microorganisms, genomics and prediction (2000)

The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (http://www.labmed.umn.edu/umbbd/ ) begins its fifth year having met its initial goals. It contains approximately 100 pathways for microbial catabolic metabolism of primarily xenobiotic organic compounds, including information on approximately 650 reactions, 600 compounds and 400 enzymes, and containing approximately 250 microorganism entries. It includes information on most known microbial catabolic reaction types and the organic functional groups they transform. Having reached its first goals, it is ready to move beyond them. It is poised to grow in many different ways, including mirror sites; fold prediction for its sequenced enzymes; closer ties to genome and microbial strain databases; and the prediction of biodegradation pathways for compounds it does not contain.
Polarization-sensitive coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (1979)

We show that by using polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, the detection sensitivity of weak Raman modes is greatly enhanced. The spectra of the real part, the imaginary part, and the absolute magnitude of the resonant nonlinear susceptibility can be separately measured. Raman modes with cross sections as low as 2×10−4 times that of the 992-cm−1 mode of benzene are detectable with less than 10-kW-peak-power lasers.
Early selection of human fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are ‘artificial’ stem cells that can be obtained by reprogramming of somatic cells. iPSC display properties, typical for embryonic stem cells (ESC) in terms of morphology, proliferation, differentiation capacity, genomic and epigenomic states. The generation of iPSC from somatic cells not only reduces some of the problems, connected with ESC, but also provides a potential human in vitro model for disease modelling and drug development. The current techniques for the production of iPSC are ineffective and often incomplete. Оbtaining of extremely low amount of fully reprogrammed cells or iPSC is one of the current problems. The low efficiency of iPSC generation is a significant barrier for fast and accurate screening and makes the colony isolation time consuming and costly. In order to develop the full potential of iPSC technology, scientists are searching for new and more effective methods for generation and isolation of iPSC. Here, we report a method that could help for the isolation of iPSC cells in a short period after reprogramming. The method involves a selection of cells, based on the expression of OCT4 and a surface pluripotent marker TRA-1-60. Reprogrammed cells, isolated by this method, expressed pluripotent markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and TRA-1-60 and were able to differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro.
Fast and Robust Traffic Sign Detection (2006)

This paper deals with the fast and robust detection of the traffic sign images. A new technique called geometric fragmentation is proposed to detect the red circular traffic signs. It detects the outer ellipses of the signs by combining the left and right fragments of the ellipse objects. A search based on the geometric fragmentation is used to find the ellipse fragments. This search is somewhat similar to genetic algorithm (GA) in the sense that it employs the terms of individual, population, crossover, and objective function usually used in GA. To increase the accuracy and reduce the computational time, a new objective function is introduced for evaluating the individuals. The algorithm was tested for detecting the red circular traffic signs from the real scene image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher detection rate with a lower computational cost compared with the referential genetic algorithm-based ellipse detection
Vitamin A Stability in Salt Triple Fortified with Iodine, Iron, and Vitamin A (2006)

The results indicate that the production of a stable triple-fortified salt is technically feasible.
Autonomous Membership Service for Enclave Applications (2019)

Trusted Execution Environment, or enclave, promises to protect data confidentiality and execution integrity of an outsourced computation on an untrusted host. Extending the protection to distributed applications that run on physically separated hosts, however, remains non-trivial. For instance, the current enclave provisioning model hinders elasticity of cloud applications. Furthermore, it remains unclear how an enclave process could verify if there exists another concurrently running enclave process instantiated using the same codebase, or count a number of such processes. In this paper, we seek an autonomous membership service for enclave applications. The application owner only needs to partake in instantiating the very first process of the application, whereas all subsequent process commission and decommission will be administered by existing and active processes of that very application. To achieve both safety and liveness, our protocol design admits unjust excommunication of a non-faulty process from the membership group. We implement the proposed membership service in a system called AMES. Our experimental study shows that AMES incurs an overhead of 5% - 16% compared to vanilla enclave execution.
A gaze-preserving situated multiview telepresence system (2014)

Gaze, attention, and eye contact are important aspects of face to face communication, but some subtleties can be lost in videoconferencing because participants look at a single planar image of the remote user. We propose a low-cost cylindrical videoconferencing system that preserves gaze direction by providing perspective-correct images for multiple viewpoints around a conference table. We accomplish this by using an array of cameras to capture a remote person, and an array of projectors to present the camera images onto a cylindrical screen. The cylindrical screen reflects each image to a narrow viewing zone. The use of such a situated display allows participants to see the remote person from multiple viewing directions. We compare our system to three alternative display configurations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by showing it allows multiple participants to simultaneously tell where the remote person is placing their gaze.