gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-21 promotes the progression of peritoneal fibrosis through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway: An in vitro and in vivo study (2017)

The present study aimed to explore the roles of microRNA-21 (miR‑21) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF). First, dialysis effluents from 30 patients with PF were collected, and after the establishment of a mouse model of PF, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's staining were used to observe peritoneal tissues, inflammatory cells and blood vessels. High glucose was used to stimulate human peritoneal mesothelial cell lines and these stimulated cells were then transfected with miR‑21 inhibitor. Immunofluorescence microscopy was applied for the observation of the transfected cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‑21, and RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), TGF-β, Smad, vimentin and connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF). The mRNA and protein expression levels TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF were elevated, while ZO-1 mRNA and protein expression was decreased with the prolonged duration of dialysis treatment in the patients with PF. The experiments using the mouse model of PF revealed that the peritoneal connective tissue was thickened, while the numbers of inflammatory cells and blood vessels were increased. The expression levels of miR‑21, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF were increased over time, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels ZO-1 constantly decreased in the mice in the experimental group. Moreoever, the expression of miR‑21 positively correlated with the expression levels of TGF-β, Smad-3, vimentin and CTGF, while it negatively correlated with the expression of ZO-1. The results of H&E and Masson's staining revealed that miR‑21 expression was associated with the degree of PF. These findings thus indicate that miR‑21 promotes the progression of PF through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
A Review on Mental Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques (2021)

Stress is an escalated psycho-physiological state of the human body emerging in response to a challenging event or a demanding condition. Environmental factors that trigger stress are called stressors. In case of prolonged exposure to multiple stressors impacting simultaneously, a person's mental and physical health can be adversely affected which can further lead to chronic health issues. To prevent stress-related issues, it is necessary to detect them in the nascent stages which are possible only by continuous monitoring of stress. Wearable devices promise real-time and continuous data collection, which helps in personal stress monitoring. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been presented, which focuses on stress detection using wearable sensors and applied machine learning techniques. This paper investigates the stress detection approaches adopted in accordance with the sensory devices such as wearable sensors, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Photoplethysmography (PPG), and also depending on various environments like during driving, studying, and working. The stressors, techniques, results, advantages, limitations, and issues for each study are highlighted and expected to provide a path for future research studies. Also, a multimodal stress detection system using a wearable sensor-based deep learning technique has been proposed at the end.
Amine content of vaginal fluid from patients with trichomoniasis and gardnerella associated non-specific vaginitis. (1983)

Amounts of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were measured in vaginal washings from five patients with non-specific vaginitis (NSV) associated with Gardnerella vaginalis, five patients with trichomoniasis, and five healthy controls. Putrescine and cadaverine were present in all but one sample from the infected patients; tyramine was found in four of five samples from the women with NSV and in two of five samples from those with trichomoniasis. The mean cadaverine to putrescine ratio was significantly higher in the patients with NSV than in those with trichomoniasis. Samples from the five controls contained only very small amounts of any of the three amines. The amine content of nine of 10 samples from the infected women was reduced to normal values after metronidazole treatment. The possible sources of the amines from Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis are discussed with reference to the clinical response to treatment.
A Fully Integrated Multi-CPU, Processor Graphics, and Memory Controller 32-nm Processor (2011)

This paper describes the second-generation Intel Core processor, a 32-nm monolithic die integrating four IA cores, a processor graphics, and a memory controller. Special attention is given to the circuit design challenges associated with this kind of integration. The paper describes the chip floor plan, the power delivery network, energy conservation techniques, the clock generation and distribution, the on-die thermal sensors, and a novel debug port.
Role of the surface in Li insertion into nanowires of TiO <sub>2</sub> ‐B (2010)

Abstract Nanostructured TiO 2 ‐B is considered to be one of the most promising new anode materials for Li rechargeable batteries, exhibiting highly desirable properties of high capacity, good reversibility, and exceptionally fast Li‐insertion. Recently, it has been demonstrated that nanowires of TiO 2 ‐B may act as capacitors for Li‐ions in a wide range of Li concentrations. In this paper, we examine the sites and energetics of Li absorption, the barriers for Li‐self‐diffusion and the low‐energy pathways from the surface into the interior through advanced simulation techniques. The simulations show that the relative stability of the sorption sites is affected by the surface, which constrains the structural anisotropic expansion of lithiated TiO 2 ‐B. We pinpoint the mechanisms responsible for exceptionally fast transport of Li ions and uncover the crucial role of the high surface area with an abundance of absorption sites. Each of the surface absorption sites is connected to the interior through a low‐energy radial pathway, which brings an absorbed Li ion to its trapping site almost independently, contributing to pseudocapacitive behavior of TiO 2 ‐B nanowires with respect to Li‐ions. We show that the curvature of the surface restricts the intercalation performance of nanowires and predict that (stretched) nanoribbons will exhibit superior properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Function of CutC Choline Lyase from Human Microbiota Bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae (2015)

CutC choline trimethylamine-lyase is an anaerobic bacterial glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) that cleaves choline to produce trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde. In humans, TMA is produced exclusively by the intestinal microbiota, and its metabolite, trimethylamine oxide, has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, information about the three-dimensional structures of TMA-producing enzymes is important for microbiota-targeted drug discovery. We have cloned, expressed, and purified the CutC GRE and the activating enzyme CutD from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a representative of the human microbiota. We have determined the first crystal structures of both the choline-bound and choline-free forms of CutC and have discovered that binding of choline at the ligand-binding site triggers conformational changes in the enzyme structure, a feature that has not been observed for any other characterized GRE.
Techniques for the study of ion-molecule reactions (1988)

Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry Fourier transform mass spectrometry neutral products from electron bombardment flow studies flowing afterglow and sift pulsed electron high pressure mass spectrometer nuclear decay techniques ion beam methods state-selected and state-to-state ion-molecules reaction dynamics by photo-ionization methods spectroscopic probes infrared laser photolysis pulsed methods for cluster ion spectroscopy.
Development and Field Demonstration of DSRC Based V2V-Assisted V2I Traffic Information System for the Work Zone (2012)

This report describes the architecture, functionality and the field demonstration results of a newly developed DSRC\nbased V2I work zone traffic information system with V2V assistance. The developed system can automatically\nacquire important work zone travel information, e.g., the travel time (TT) and the starting location of congestion\n(SLoC), and relay them back to the drivers approaching the congestion site. Such information can help drivers in\nmaking informed decisions on route choice and/or preparing for upcoming congestion. Previously, we designed\nsuch a system using DSRC based V2I-only communication, which could not handle longer congestion lengths and\nthe message broadcast range was also very limited. Our current system, on the other hand, can achieve much longer\nbroadcast range (up to a few tens of kms), and can handle much longer congestion coverage length (up to a few\nkms) by incorporating DSRC based V2I communication with V2V assistance. The new system is also portable and\nuses only one RSU, which can acquire traffic data by engaging the vehicles traveling on the roadside whether\nwithin or outside of its direct wireless access range. From the traffic data, it estimates important traffic parameters,\ni.e., TT and SLoC, and periodically broadcasts them back to the vehicles approaching the congestion well before\nthey enter the congested area. The results from the field demonstration have indicated that new system can adapt to\ndynamically changing work zone traffic environments and can handle much longer congestion lengths as compared\nto the previous system using V2I-only communication without V2V assistance.
Photosynthetic activity of plant cells solubilized in water‐in‐oil microemulsions (1991)

With the aim of possibly extending plant microbiology and photosynthesis beyond the usual applicability in aqueous solution, we investigated the solubilization of plant cells inorganic media with the help of water-in-oil microemulsions. Cells isolated from leaves of Rumex obtusifolius were solubilized in a water/2-ethyl-hexyl-sodiumsulfosuccinate/isooctane system, containing 20% water (v:v) and 240 mM surfactant, and the oxygen evolution/consumption was measured polarographically. Although no oxygen evolution was detectable in the organic medium, the cells were able to carry out photosynthetic oxygen consumption at the expense of ascorbate. To a lesser extent, photosynthetic oxygen consumption was measured using N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine as electron donor. The rate of ascorbate photooxidation was linearly related to the concentration of cells.
Energy Dependence of HCD on Peptide Fragmentation: Stepped Collisional Energy Finds the Sweet Spot (2013)

An understanding of the process of peptide fragmentation and what parameters are best to obtain the most useful information is important. This is especially true for large-scale proteomics where data collection and data analysis are most often automated, and manual interpretation of spectra is rare because of the vast amounts of data generated. We show herein that collisional cell peptide fragmentation, in this case higher collisional dissociation (HCD) in the Q Exactive, is significantly affected by the normalized energy applied. Both peptide sequence and energy applied determine what ion fragments are observed. However, by applying a stepped normalized collisional energy scheme and combining ions from low, medium, and high collision energies, we are able to increase the diversity of fragmentation ions generated. Application of stepped collision energy to HEK293T lysate demonstrated a minimal effect on peptide and protein identification in a large-scale proteomics dataset, but improved phospho site localization through increased sequence coverage. Stepped HCD is also beneficial for tandem mass tagged (TMT) experiments, increasing intensity of TMT reporters used for quantitation without adversely effecting peptide identification.
Stereochemistry associated with the addition of 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiazole to differentially protected .alpha.-amino aldehydes. Applications toward the synthesis of amino sugars and sphingosines (1990)

The stereochemistry and synthetic utility of the addition of 2-(trimethylsily1)thiazole (2-TST, 1) to various N-protected a-amino aldehydes is described. The reactions of 1 with N-Boc-L-serinal acetonide (2) and NBoc- L-threoninal acetonide (3) are essentially anti diastereoselective (ds = 85-90%) in agreement with the Felkin-Anh model for asymmetric induction, whereas the reactions with 0-benzyl-NH-Boc-L-serinal (4) and NH-Boc-L-phenylalaninal(5a)r e syn diestereoselective( ds = 80%). The reversal of diasteremelectivity is interpreted on the basis of a proton-bridged cyclic Cram model for asymmetric induction. The anti adduct derived from the N-Boc-L-serinal acetonide (2) was subjected to thiazole-to-formyl unmasking to give a one-carbon higher homologue (Le., the 0,N-protected 8-amino-a-hydroxy aldehyde 6a). This material serves as a precursor to riboand arabino-4-amin~4-deoxn~veias a further one-carbon-chain elongation with 2-TST and to a Cm sphingosine via Wittig olefination. The above ribo-amino sugar was transformed via sequential Wittig olefiiation and reduction into a C, phytosphingosine.
Choroidal changes in human myopia: insights from optical coherence tomography imaging (2018)

The choroid is a vascular tissue which plays a range of critical roles in the normal physiology of the eye, such as supplying the outer retina with oxygen and nutrients and the regulation of intraocular pressure. There is also substantial evidence, particularly from animal studies, that the choroid plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth and the development of common refractive errors like myopia. In recent years, advances in optical coherence tomography technology have improved our ability to image and measure the choroid in the human eye. Research using this technology over the past decade has dramatically improved our knowledge of the normal choroid, and its potential role in the regulation of eye growth and refractive error development. This review aims to provide an overview of recent work examining the normal human choroid, its changes with myopia and the possible role of the choroid in the mechanism regulating eye growth. Studies have demonstrated that choroidal thinning accompanies the development and progression of myopia, and have established a close link between eye growth and choroidal thickness changes. Dramatic thinning of the choroid is seen with high myopia, and associations are also observed between choroidal thinning and reduced vision, and the development of retinal pathology associated with high myopia. In the short-term, environmental factors known to be associated with myopia development and more rapid eye growth typically lead to a thinning of the choroid, whereas factors linked to a slowing of eye growth are typically associated with short-term choroidal thickening. Collectively, these findings suggest that the choroid is an important biomarker of eye growth in the human eye, and additional research to better understand the human choroid is likely to further our knowledge of the signals and pathways regulating eye growth, myopia development and progression.
Metabolic modelling of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers production by mixed microbial cultures (2008)

Acetate was more conducive toward the enrichment of a microbial culture with higher PHA storage fluxes and yields as compared to propionate. The P/O ratio was not only influenced by the selected microbial culture, but also by the carbon substrate fed to each culture, where higher P/O ratio values were consistently observed for acetate than propionate. MFA studies suggest that when mixtures of acetate and propionate are fed to the cultures, the catabolic activity is primarily guaranteed through acetate uptake, and the characteristic P/O ratio of acetate prevails over that of propionate. This study suggests that the PHA production process by mixed microbial cultures has the potential to be comparable or even more favourable than pure cultures.
From overnutrition to liver injury: AMP-activated protein kinase in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (2020)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become a major cause of liver transplant and liver-associated death. However, the pathogenesis of NASH is still unclear. Currently, there is no FDA-approved medication to treat this devastating disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses energy status and regulates metabolic processes to maintain homeostasis. The activity of AMPK is regulated by the availability of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. AMPK activity is increased by nutrient deprivation and inhibited by overnutrition, inflammation, and hypersecretion of certain anabolic hormones, such as insulin, during obesity. The repression of hepatic AMPK activity permits the transition from simple steatosis to hepatocellular death; thus, activation might ameliorate multiple aspects of NASH. Here we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the impact of AMPK activity state on hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis during the transition of NAFL to NASH and liver failure.
Single chip 3D rendering engine integrating embedded DRAM frame buffer and hierarchical octet tree (MOT) array processor with bandwidth amplification (2002)

A single chip rendering engine that consists of a DRAM frame buffer, an SRAM serial access memory, pixel/edge processor array and 32b RISC core is proposed for the low power 3D-graphics in portable system. The 56 mm/sup 2/ prototype integrating edge processor, 8 pixel processors, 8 frame buffers and RISC core is fabricated using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS Embedded Memory Logic (EML) technology.
Two-Hybrid System for Characterization of Protein-Protein Interactions in <i>E. coli</i> (2000)

The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to characterize many protein-protein interactions. A two-hybrid system for E. coli was constructed in which one hybrid protein bound to a specific DNA site recruits another to an adjacent DNA binding site. The first hybrid comprises a test protein, the bait, fused to a chimeric protein containing the 434 repressor DNA binding domain. In the second hybrid, a second test protein, the prey, is fused downstream of a chimeric protein with the DNA binding specificity of the λ repressor. Reporters were designed to express cat and lacZ under the control of a low-affinity λ operator. At low expression levels, λ repressor hybrids weakly repress the reporter genes. A high-affinity operator recognized by 434 repressor was placed nearby, in a position that does not yield repression by 434 repressor alone. If the test proteins interact, the 434 hybrid bound to the 434 operator stabilizes the binding of the λ repressor hybrid to the λ operator, causing increased repression of the reporter genes. Reconstruction experiments with the fos and jun leucine zippers detected proteinprotein interactions between either homodimeric or heterodimeric leucine zippers.
Crystal-Facet-Dependent Metallization in Electrolyte-Gated Rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> Single Crystals (2013)

The electric-field-induced metallization of insulating oxides is a powerful means of exploring and creating exotic electronic states. Here we show by the use of ionic liquid gating that two distinct facets of rutile TiO2, namely, (101) and (001), show clear evidence of metallization, with a disorder-induced metal-insulator transition at low temperatures, whereas two other facets, (110) and (100), show no substantial effects. This facet-dependent metallization can be correlated with the surface energy of the respective crystal facet and, thus, is consistent with oxygen vacancy formation and diffusion that results from the electric fields generated within the electric double layers at the ionic liquid/TiO2 interface. These effects take place at even relatively modest gate voltages.
Measuring and Predicting Success of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients (1996)

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) is an operation that is frequently performed for the patient of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). A major problem has been to select those patients who will have a good response to UPPP. We compared preoperative and postoperative polysomnography(PSG) in 20 patients to evaluate the success rate of the operation. Each subject underwent a cephalometric roentgenogram, and fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy with Mueller maneuver was applied in roentgenogram and fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy with Mueller maneuver was applied in preop evaluation of patients with OSA. No PSG parameter could accurately predict the changes in sleep after UPPP. There were no significant differences between the responders and the nonresponders concerning the cephalometric analysis, the type of obstruction by Mueller maneuver, and body mass index(BMI). The conclusions of this study are thus that UPPP is an effective treatment for the OSAS with a high success rate, but that there is no single useful parameter predicting the success of the operation.
Multi-limb Split Learning for Tumor Classification on Vertically Distributed Data (2021)

Brain tumors are one of the life-threatening forms of cancer. Previous studies have classified brain tumors using deep neural networks. In this paper, we perform the later task using a collaborative deep learning technique, more specifically split learning. Split learning allows collaborative learning via neural networks splitting into two (or more) parts, a client-side network and a server-side network. The client-side is trained to a specific layer named as the cut layer. Then, the rest of the training is resumed on the server-side network. Vertical distribution, a method for distributing data among organizations, was implemented where several hospitals hold different attributes of information for the same set of patients. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first paper to implement both split learning and vertical distribution for brain tumor classification. Using both techniques, we were able to achieve train and test accuracy greater than 90% and 70%, respectively.
Use of quantitative competitive PCR to measure Epstein-Barr virus genome load in the peripheral blood of pediatric transplant patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (1997)

A quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been developed to provide accurate measurement of EBV genome load in pediatric transplant recipients at risk for developing posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The assay quantifies between 8 and 5,000 copies of the EBV genome in 10(5) lymphocytes after a 30-cycle amplification reaction. For 14 pediatric patients diagnosed with PTLD, the median EBV genome load was 4,000, and 13 of the 14 patients had values of >500 copies per 10(5) lymphocytes. Only 3 of 12 control transplant recipients not diagnosed with PTLD had detectable viral genome loads (median value, 40). This median was calculated by using the highest value obtained by PCR testing on each of these patients posttransplantation. PCR values of >500 copies per 10(5) lymphocytes appear to correlate with a diagnosis of PTLD. By a modified protocol, the EBV genome copy number in latently infected adults was estimated to be <0.1 copy per 10(5) lymphocytes.