gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Acknowledgment-Based Approach for the Detection of Routing Misbehavior in MANETs (2007)

We study routing misbehavior in MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) in this paper. In general, routing protocols for MANETs are designed based on the assumption that all participating nodes are fully cooperative. However, due to the open structure and scarcely available battery-based energy, node misbehaviors may exist. One such routing misbehavior is that some selfish nodes will participate in the route discovery and maintenance processes but refuse to forward data packets. In this paper, we propose the 2ACK scheme that serves as an add-on technique for routing schemes to detect routing misbehavior and to mitigate their adverse effect. The main idea of the 2ACK scheme is to send two-hop acknowledgment packets in the opposite direction of the routing path. In order to reduce additional routing overhead, only a fraction of the received data packets are acknowledged in the 2ACK scheme. Analytical and simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme
Empathetic video experience through timely multimodal interaction (2010)

In this paper, we describe a video playing system, named "Empatheater," that is controlled by multimodal interaction. As the video is played, the user must interact and emulate predefined video "events" through multimodal guidance and whole body interaction (e.g. following the main character's motion or gestures). Without the timely interaction, the video stops. The system shows guidance information as how to properly react and continue the video playing. The purpose of such a system is to provide indirect experience (of the given video content) by eliciting the user to mimic and empathize with the main character. The user is given the illusion (suspended disbelief) of playing an active role in the unraveling video content. We discuss various features of the newly proposed interactive medium. In addition, we report on the results of the pilot study that was carried out to evaluate its user experience compared to passive video viewing and keyboard based video control.
Face Recognition Using a Time-of-Flight Camera (2009)

Face recognition using a time-of-flight camera Face recognition using a time-of-flight camera
Packet analysis for network forensics: A comprehensive survey (2020)

Packet analysis is a primary traceback technique in network forensics, which, providing that the packet details captured are sufficiently detailed, can play back even the entire network traffic for a particular point in time. This can be used to find traces of nefarious online behavior, data breaches, unauthorized website access, malware infection, and intrusion attempts, and to reconstruct image files, documents, email attachments, etc. sent over the network. This paper is a comprehensive survey of the utilization of packet analysis, including deep packet inspection, in network forensics, and provides a review of AI-powered packet analysis methods with advanced network traffic classification and pattern identification capabilities. Considering that not all network information can be used in court, the types of digital evidence that might be admissible are detailed. The properties of both hardware appliances and packet analyzer software are reviewed from the perspective of their potential use in network forensics.
Minimal cooling rate dependence of ice nuclei activity in the immersion mode (2013)

Abstract We present new measurements of the time dependence of the ice‐nucleating ability of a wide range of materials including the minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite, the biological proxy ice nuclei Icemax, and flame soot generated from the incomplete combustion of ethylene gas. We also present time dependence for ambient ice nuclei collected from rainwater samples. Our data show that the time dependence for all materials studied here is weak, suggesting that the modified singular approximation is valid over the range of times and temperatures encountered for mixed phase clouds.
Discussing Design: How search interface features support job tasks in an institutional repository (2006)

Search engines are increasingly becoming a primary method of finding information.As organizations increase their collections of electronic documents, searching is also becoming a method of accessing institutional knowledge.This paper presents the findings of an inductive, interpretive field study on how institutional repository searchers describe their search experience in relation to their job tasks.Qualitative data were collected during a brainstorming meeting with searchers at a large public institution.The findings suggest that search interfaces require flexibility in order to accommodate multiple job tasks.The participants want direct control through interface customization features.They also want to cut down on repetitive search actions.Overall, institutional searchers want to manipulate the interface to reflect specific work tasks.The relationships identified in this study add to the existing quantitative data on the relationship between task and technology.This qualitative research approach provides detailed, authentic task descriptions for future usability testing.
The differential expression of alternatively polyadenylated transcripts is a common stress-induced response mechanism that modulates mammalian mRNA expression in a quantitative and qualitative fashion (2016)

Stress adaptation plays a pivotal role in biological processes and requires tight regulation of gene expression. In this study, we explored the effect of cellular stress on mRNA polyadenylation and investigated the implications of regulated polyadenylation site usage on mammalian gene expression. High-confidence polyadenylation site mapping combined with global pre-mRNA and mRNA expression profiling revealed that stress induces an accumulation of genes with differentially expressed polyadenylated mRNA isoforms in human cells. Specifically, stress provokes a global trend in polyadenylation site usage toward decreased utilization of promoter-proximal poly(A) sites in introns or ORFs and increased utilization of promoter-distal polyadenylation sites in intergenic regions. This extensively affects gene expression beyond regulating mRNA abundance by changing mRNA length and by altering the configuration of open reading frames. Our study highlights the impact of post-transcriptional mechanisms on stress-dependent gene regulation and reveals the differential expression of alternatively polyadenylated transcripts as a common stress-induced mechanism in mammalian cells.
The IL-8/CXCR1 axis is associated with cancer stem cell-like properties and correlates with clinical prognosis in human pancreatic cancer cases (2014)

CXCR1, a receptor for CXCL8/IL-8, has recently been demonstrated to be associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in certain types of human cancers. However, the effect of CXCR1 on CSC and its prognostic value in human pancreatic cancer remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression of CXCR1 in human pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and found that positive CXCR1 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017) and a poor survival rate (HR, 3.748; 95% CI, 1.822 to 7.712; P < 0.001) in patients with PDAC. In addition, we identified significant positive correlations between CXCR1 and CD44 (P = 0.002) and CD133 (P = 0.017). Further functional studies confirmed that IL-8 addition increased sphere formation, CSC populations, and cell invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and that these effects could be reversed by antagonizing CXCR1 with a CXCR1-specific antibody. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the IL-8/CXCR1 axis is associated with the CSC-like properties of pancratic cancer cells and prognosis in human pancreatic cancer. This suggested a way of targeting pancreatic CSCs by disrupting IL-8/CXCR1 axis.
Global Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inhibits Paclitaxel-Induced Painful Peripheral Neuropathy (2011)

Paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that has a major dose limiting side-effect of painful peripheral neuropathy. Currently there is no effective therapy for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathies. Evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction during paclitaxel-induced pain was previously indicated with the presence of swollen and vacuolated neuronal mitochondria. As mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the aim of this study was to examine whether pharmacological inhibition of ROS could reverse established paclitaxel-induced pain or prevent the development of paclitaxel-induced pain. Using a rat model of paclitaxel-induced pain (intraperitoneal 2 mg/kg paclitaxel on days 0, 2, 4 & 6), the effects of a non-specific ROS scavenger, N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) and a superoxide selective scavenger, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) were compared. Systemic 100 mg/kg PBN administration markedly inhibited established paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey 8 g and 15 g stimulation and cold hypersensitivity to plantar acetone application. Daily systemic administration of 50 mg/kg PBN (days -1 to 13) completely prevented mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey 4 g and 8 g stimulation and significantly attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey 15 g. Systemic 100 mg/kg TEMPOL had no effect on established paclitaxel-induced mechanical or cold hypersensitivity. High dose (250 mg/kg) systemic TEMPOL significantly inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey 8 g & 15 g, but to a lesser extent than PBN. Daily systemic administration of 100 mg/kg TEMPOL (day -1 to 12) did not affect the development of paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. These data suggest that ROS play a causal role in the development and maintenance of paclitaxel-induced pain, but such effects cannot be attributed to superoxide radicals alone.
Optimized Multilayer perceptron for the geographical and genotypic classification of four genotypes of arabica coffee (2013)

<p>The climatic conditions of the coffee crop give special attributes to the beverage and could increase its value. However, it is essential to prove the geographical and genotype origin of the cultivar using reliable methods. Several statistical methods have been developed in an attempt to reproduce the human capability of pattern recognition. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) is an artificial neural network (ANN) with supervised learning that is widely used for pattern classification. This study aimed to develop a MLP to classify the geographic origin and the genotypic of the arabica coffee. For this purpose, spectra obtained in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were analyzed using MLPs optimized by sequential simplex. The networks that used the range 1900-800 cm<sup>-1</sup> of the raw spectrum had lower mean squared error (MSE) and a higher percentage of correct classification for geographical (100%) and genotypic (77,74%) segmentation. After the results it was concluded that the optimized multilayer perceptrons were able to classify the samples of arabica coffee geographically. However, for genotypic classification the performance was not satisfactory. Also, the MLP developed for genotypic classification has a high number of synaptic weights, thus a large degrees of freedom database is necessary to produce a network with generalization capability. Therefore, to improve the genotype classification performance the authors suggest the use of other type of ANN and information from the near infrared.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.96</p>
A phase I study of paclitaxel, UFT, and leucovorin. (2000)

This phase I study examines the dose escalation of UFT given in combination with fixed doses of oral leucovorin and weekly doses of paclitaxel in patients with metastatic solid tumor malignancies (excluding colorectal cancer). There are two main objectives for this study. The first is to determine both the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities of UFT when administered with leucovorin in combination with weekly paclitaxel (1-hour infusions of 80 mg/m2 for 4 weeks every 6 weeks). The second is to define the appropriate dose for phase II studies. Both UFT and leucovorin combinations, as well as paclitaxel, are known to be effective as single agents in heavily pretreated patients with a variety of solid tumor malignancies. UFT plus leucovorin provide activity comparable to that of intravenously administered 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin, and weekly schedules of paclitaxel offer high dose intensity with limited hematologic toxicity. This combination is advantageous in its ease of administration and could be a tolerated outpatient regimen in patients with metastatic solid tumor malignancies.
A computer simulation of wavelet noise reduction in computed tomography (1999)

We describe the use of a graphical mathematical spreadsheet programming environment which can be used to simulate the acquisition and reconstruction processes of an x-ray computed tomography (CT) machine. The simulation is used to study the effect of photon counting statistics on the noise in the reconstructed image. Finally we describe and evaluate a novel technique for noise reduction using a nonlinear wavelet filter in which the filter thresholds are calculated individually from the "measured" projection data. This filter is shown to compare favorably to threshold filters based on global estimates of noise variance.
The props-based interface for neurosurgical visualization. (1997)

We describe a three-dimensional human-computer interface for neurosurgical visualization. The interface is based on the two-handed physical manipulation of hand-held tools, or "props", in free space. These user interface "props" facilitate transfer of the user's skills for manipulating tools with two hands to the operation of a user interface for visualizing 3D medical images, without need for training. The interface allows neurosurgeons to explore a 3D MRI scan of a patient's brain during presurgical planning. From the surgeon's perspective, the interface is analogous to holding a miniature head in one hand which can be "sliced open" or "pointed to" using a cross-sectioning plane or a stylus tool, respectively, held in the other hand. Cross-sectioning a 3D volume, for example, simply requires the surgeon to hold a plastic plate (held in the preferred hand) up to the miniature head (held in the nonpreferred hand) to demonstrate the desired cross-section.
VRML based collaborative virtual shopping mall (2000)

The rapid development of internet drives many inventions of idea, technology and standard. The virtual shopping mall is one of them. It enables the convenience of shopping at home. However, the current 2D based shopping mall can not provide the rich interactive capability for the consumers. This project is motivated to search for a possible solution.
Adaptation of Simulated Annealing for Rate of Penetration Optimization in Automated Drilling (2017)

Drilling automation has focused on developing predictive controls based on existing formation and well sites for which abundant data is available. These methods are not suitable in new locations where there is little information and where drilling data has not been recorded. This study focuses on a proof-of-concept to allow drilling in locations with little or no data available by determining drilling parameters via an artificial intelligence algorithm. The methods used were tested for use in the second annual Drillbotics competition sponsored by the Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section (DSATS) of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE).;This study addresses the difficulties and challenges faced in adapting artificial intelligence optimization algorithms for use with real-world applications. Furthermore, the limitations of such a system are examined and the breakdown between the algorithm and operational limitations are explored. A review of past drilling automation attempts and research was conducted and existing problems identified.;This research was completed on a pilot-scale drilling rig used by West Virginia University in the Drillbotics competition. The rig was used with multiple samples made in-house in order to provide a variety of materials, inclinations, and drilling conditions. The review of the test was subject to professional judges to provide an unbiased decision and serve to advance this study.
Primary lymphedema of the leg: relationship between subcutaneous tissue pressure, intramuscular pressure and venous function. (1985)

In eight patients with unilateral primary lymphedema, subcutaneous tissue and intramuscular pressure were measured in both legs using the slit-catheter technique. Venous function was assessed by venography, or Doppler or photoplethysmography. Both at rest and during exercise, subcutaneous tissue pressure was elevated in the lymphedematous leg (17.9 +/- 7.6 and 33.0 +/- 10.8 mmHg respectively) compared to healthy contralateral leg (0.4 +/- 2.6 and -0.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg; p less than 0.001). The intramuscular pressure in the anterior tibial compartment was also increased at rest and during exercise in the edematous leg (24.9 +/- 4.4 mmHg and 43.6 +/- 11.2 mmHg respectively) compared to control leg (9.6 +/- 5.6 and 25.8 +/- 10.00 mmHg). These findings suggest that derangements in both the superficial and deep lymphatic systems as well as venous dysfunction contribute to the clinical appearance of "primary lymphedema."
Association between Hsp90 and the ClC-2 chloride channel upregulates channel function (2005)

The voltage-dependent ClC-2 chloride channel has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions, including fluid transport across specific epithelia. ClC-2 is activated by hyperpolarization, weakly acidic external pH, intracellular Cl-, and cell swelling. To add more insight into the mechanisms involved in ClC-2 regulation, we searched for associated proteins that may influence ClC-2 activity. With the use of immunoprecipitation of ClC-2 from human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably expressing the channel, followed by electrophoretic separation of coimmunoprecipitated proteins and mass spectrometry identification, Hsp70 and Hsp90 were unmasked as possible ClC-2 interacting partners. Association of Hsp90 with ClC-2 was confirmed in mouse brain. Inhibition of Hsp90 by two specific inhibitors, geldanamycin or radicicol, did not affect total amounts of ClC-2 but did reduce plasma membrane channel abundance. Functional experiments using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique showed that inhibition of Hsp90 reduced ClC-2 current amplitude and impaired the intracellular Cl- concentration [Cl-]-dependent rightward shift of the fractional conductance. Geldanamycin and radicicol increased both the slow and fast activation time constants in a chloride-dependent manner. Heat shock treatment had the opposite effect. These results indicate that association of Hsp90 with ClC-2 results in greater channel activity due to increased cell surface channel expression, facilitation of channel opening, and enhanced channel sensitivity to intracellular [Cl-]. This association may have important pathophysiological consequences, enabling increased ClC-2 activity in response to cellular stresses such as elevated temperature, ischemia, or oxidative reagents.
Electrochemical Surface Science (2001)

The last 30 years have seen remarkable changes in interfacial electrochemistry, particularly in the kind of questions that were addressed in electrochemical studies. Ever since classical surface science, traditionally performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, has succeeded in describing surfaces and surface reactions on a molecular level, electrochemists longed for a microscopic understanding of the solid/electrolyte interface and, at the same time, searched widely for new experimental ways to reach that goal. Herein, studies are described concerning the structure and the dynamics of bare and adsorbate-covered electrode surfaces and of metal deposition as a simple, yet important, electrochemical process. In all these cases, the scanning tunneling microscope plays a pivotal role emphasizing the surface-science approach to the problems.
Recovery from ultraviolet-induced threshold voltage shift in indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors by positive gate bias (2013)

The effect of short-duration ultraviolet (UV) exposure on the threshold voltage (Vth) of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) and its recovery characteristics were investigated. The Vth exhibited a significant negative shift after UV exposure. The Vth instability caused by UV illumination is attributed to the positive charge trapping in the dielectric layer and/or at the channel/dielectric interface. The illuminated devices showed a slow recovery in threshold voltage without external bias. However, an instant recovery can be achieved by the application of positive gate pulses, which is due to the elimination of the positive trapped charges as a result of the presence of a large amount of field-induced electrons in the interface region.
Transcription of tRNA genes in vivo: single-stranded compared to double-stranded templates. (1980)

The expression of cloned tRNA genes has been studied by injecting single-stranded and double-stranded DNA templates into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. In both forms the genes are faithfully transcribed after injection. Some single-stranded DNA is converted into double-stranded DNA in the oocyte nucleus. This conversion is necessary for the expression of the injected tRNA gene: no tRNA transcription is observed when DNA synthesis is inhibited. We conclude that single-stranded DNA does not serve as a template for faithful transcription of this gene in injected oocytes.
A New ECT Image Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

In order to solve the problem of image reconstruction in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) technology, the feasibility of applying convolutional neural network (CNN) to ECT image reconstruction is studied. The convolution layer and the training of the structure of the sub sampling method is improved based on deep research for convolution neural network for the more time-consuming process of deep structure and training issues, and a fast convergence convolution neural network (FCCNN) image reconstruction method is proposed. Matlab was used to build a ECT simulation system. For each algorithm, the simulation results were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that our algorithm improved the image reconstruction efficiency and quality of the common flow pattern.