gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Colloidal ZnO Nanoparticles and Deposit of Thin Films by Spin Coating Technique (2013)

ZnO colloidal nanoparticles were synthesized, the average size of these nanoparticles is around 25 nm with hexagonal form. It was noted that stabilization depends directly on the purifying process; in this work we do not change the nature of the solution as a difference from Meulekamp′s method, and we do not use any alkanes to remove the byproducts; only a centrifuge to remove those ones was used, thereby the stabilization increases up to 24 days. It is observed from the results that only three times of washing is enough to prevent the rapid aging process. The effect of annealing process on the composition, size, and geometrical shape of ZnO nanoparticles was studied in order to know whether the annealing process affects the crystallization and growth of the nanoparticles. After the synthesis, the colloidal nanoparticles were deposited by spin coating technique showing that the formed nanoparticles have no uniformly deposition pattern. But is possible to deposit those ones in glass substrates. A possible deposition process of the nanoparticles is proposed.
Serum 6-Beta-Naltrexol Levels Are Related to Alcohol Responses in Heavy Drinkers (2000)

Background: There is strong evidence for the role of the endogenous opioid system in alcohol reinforcement and consumption; however, recent human laboratory studies and clinical trials have reported mixed effects of naltrexone (a nonselective opioid antagonist) on alcohol-related behaviors. This paper reports a secondary data analysis of a human laboratory study that examines the relationship between serum levels of 6-beta-naltrexol, the major, biologically active metabolite of naltrexone, and subjective effects of alcohol. Methods: The study used a within-subjects design to examine the effects of naltrexone (0, 50, and 100 mg/day) on subjective responses to alcohol (none, moderate, and high dose) in heavy drinkers (n= 23). Each subject received three doses of naltrexone in random order; each naltrexone dose was administered over an 8 day period on an inpatient unit, with a 1 week outpatient washout between doses. After stabilization at each of the naltrexone doses, subjects participated in three alcohol challenge sessions (none, moderate, and high dose) in random order; thus, each subject participated in a total of nine alcohol administration sessions. Results: Doubling the naltrexone dose (50 vs. 100 mg/day) doubled the mean serum 6-beta-naltrexol levels. At each naltrexone dose, there was a 4-fold range in 6-beta-naltrexol levels across subjects. Before alcohol administration, higher 6-beta-naltrexol levels were associated with higher ratings of sedation. After high-dose alcohol administration, higher 6-beta-naltrexol levels were associated with significantly lower ratings of liking and best effects. Conclusions: These findings provide further evidence of the involvement of the opioid system in the modulation of alcohol effects and suggest that serum 6-beta-naltrexol concentrations may be important in predicting therapeutic response to naltrexone.
Impact of ISCO Treatment on PFAA Co-Contaminants at a Former Fire Training Area (2017)

The effects of an in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatment aimed predominantly at remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) co-contaminants were investigated. Soil and groundwater samples were collected before and after an ISCO pilot-scale field test of a peroxone activated persulfate (OxyZone) technology. Statistically significant decreases in PFAA groundwater concentrations were observed in post-treatment samples. Reductions in PFAA aqueous phase concentrations were also supported by decreases in soil concentrations. Importantly, there was no evidence for increased aqueous PFAA concentrations due to mobilization from soil or conversion of precursors into PFAAs. As indicated by chloride data from inside and outside the treatment zone, displacement and/or dilution could not explain the observed decrease in PFAA concentration. Also, relatively constant pH values, due to using a buffered oxidant solution, did not support increased PFAA removal via soil sorption. Overall, the use of peroxone activated persulfate to treat cVOCs had no discernible negative impacts on PFAA co-contaminants at the Site. Rather, the data suggest that PFAA concentrations decreased due to ISCO treatment.
Spinel-Structured Ternary Ferrites as Effective Agents for Chemical Looping CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting (2020)

Reverse water gas shift on the basis of chemical looping technology provides a viable method for efficiently converting CO2 to CO for hydrocarbons at moderate temperature (<750 °C). However, the commonly available oxygen carrier materials are insufficiently active because of the degrading effect at relatively low temperatures. In this paper, we present several Co, Mn codoped ferrites in search of oxygen carrier materials as highly active redox materials for a midtemperature chemical looping CO2 splitting process. The results show that up to ∼142.3 μmol·g–1·min–1 of CO production rate and ∼8.8 mmol·g–1 of CO yield are achieved by Mn0.2Co0.8Fe2O4 at 650 °C. The production rate and yield of CO of the codoped ferrites during the CO2 splitting process are comparable to those of the state-of-the-art perovskites which commonly contain rare-metal elements.
Assessment: Use of epidural steroid injections to treat radicular lumbosacral pain [RETIRED] (2007)

Based on the available evidence, the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment subcommittee concluded that 1) epidural steroid injections may result in some improvement in radicular lumbosacral pain when assessed between 2 and 6 weeks following the injection, compared to control treatments (Level C, Class I-III evidence). The average magnitude of effect is small and generalizability of the observation is limited by the small number of studies, highly selected patient populations, few techniques and doses, and variable comparison treatments; 2) in general, epidural steroid injection for radicular lumbosacral pain does not impact average impairment of function, need for surgery, or provide long-term pain relief beyond 3 months. Their routine use for these indications is not recommended (Level B, Class I-III evidence); 3) there is insufficient evidence to make any recommendation for the use of epidural steroid injections to treat radicular cervical pain (Level U).
Mode conversion/coupling in submicron silicon-on-insulator optical waveguides and the applications (2014)

Submicron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical waveguides, which has ultra-high index contrast and ultra-small cross section, provide a very promising way to realize nano-photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with high integration density. Mode conversion and coupling play an important role for realizing various functionality elements. In this paper, a review is given for our recent work including the following parts. First, we discuss the polarizationdependent mode conversion happening in an adiabatic submicron SOI optical waveguide tapers and the application to realize polarization rotation with simple fabrication processes. Second, the mode coupling/conversion in an asymmetrical directional coupler (ADC) is summarized. The application for ADCs includes the realization of ultrasmall polarization-beam splitters (PBS) as well as ultra-compact broadband mode multiplexers (which is very important to enable ultra-high speed optical interconnects with a multimode optical waveguide).
Digital predistortion using quadrature &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulation with fast adaptation for WLAN power amplifiers (2011)

This paper presents a low-power, low-complexity adaptive digital predistortion system based on a quadrature ΔΣ modulator for linearizing WLAN PAs. To decrease the modulator oversampling rate, second-order ΔΣ modulation is employed with phase alignment and gain normalization, which ensure the stability of the modulator. The feedback path of the predistortion system is comprised of an RF subsampler and a 32-MSPS ADC. An experimental system linearizes a commercial 2.4-GHz SiGe PA transmitting a 20.2-dBm WLAN signal with 10-MHz channel bandwidth. The background adaptation of a predistortion look-up table in the ΔΣ modulator is achieved in 524 milliseconds. The experimental predistortion system improves the EVM of the unlinearized PA from 5.90% to 0.96%, and enhances the ACPR from -33.3 dBc to -38.0 dBc.
Intelligent restaurant system Smartmenu (2013)

Digital technology is transforming business in many sectors, including restaurant systems and service processes. Customers may recognize the replacement of paper-based menus with digital ones as a first step of this process. Intelligent restaurant systems are an interesting application area for merging and extension of cognitive capabilities with both intra-cognitive and inter-cognitive communication. An intelligent restaurant system Smartmenu, developed by Centria and Delitaz Ltd., is an example of innovation which is based on merging and extending of cognitive capabilities. These kinds of systems may change the everyday life in restaurants in the future. The system covers the whole order process of a restaurant including the applications of the customer, the waiter, the kitchen and the cashier. The first pilot systems were recently tested in several restaurants in Finland. Piloting included also questionnaires and interviews analyzed by usability experts. In the future, Smartmenu may be extended to include also service robots in the system. The first demonstrations of using service robot in a restaurant environment were already carried out.
Metal-Organic Frameworks Based Materials for Electrocatalyst (2018)

How to design and synthesize of efficient and earth-abundant catalysts for a wide variety of electrochemical energy storage and conversion reactions is a great challenge. Guided by the advantage of component manipulation, morphology control, and structure engineering, advanced MOF-based materials have exhibited remarkable activity, selectivity, and stability for various energy-conversion processes, manifesting great potential for replacing precious-metal-based catalysts in next-generation energy devices. We have studied MOF based materials (Pd@HKUST-1) for hydrogen storage 1 . Recently, we have synthesized a porous carbon nanomaterial loaded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co@NC-x/y) derived from pyrolysis of a Co/Zn bimetallic zeolitic imidazolite framework, which exhibits incredibly high activity as bifunctional oxygen catalysts 2 . For instance, the optimal catalyst of Co@NC-3/1 has the superb ORR activity with onset potential of ~1.15 V and half-wave potential of ~0.93 V. Moreover, its OER activity is better than commercial IrO 2 and it also presents a long-term stability for 2000 circles and a Tafel slope of 85 mV dec -1 . References [1] Li G. , Kobayashi H., Taylor J. M., Ikeda R., Kubota Y., Kato K., Takata M., Yamamoto T., Toh S., Matsumura S., Kitagawa H. *, Nature Mater. , 13, 802 (2014). [2] Li Y., Jia B., Fan Y., Zhu K., Li G. * , Su C.-Y. *, Adv. Energy Mater. , 201702048 (2017).
Scene Understanding With Automotive Radar (2019)

Extracting semantic information solely from automotive radar data is a relatively new topic in the radar community. We present a complete pipeline to obtain semantic information for each target measured by a network of radar sensors. Static and dynamic objects are treated in two separate branches: In the first branch, a convolutional neural network performs semantic segmentation on radar grid maps of the static environment. In the second branch, a novel neural network architecture is used for recurrent instance segmentation on radar point clouds of moving objects. The class probabilities assigned to each cell in the grid map are mapped back to the radar targets in this spatial region so that in a merging step the results from the two classifiers can be combined into one point cloud. In addition to a novel network structure for recurrent instance segmentation of point clouds, we present a new set of layers for radar grid maps which are beneficial for semantic segmentation tasks and we also develop a weighting scheme for the network's loss function to account for the data integration process in grid maps. We evaluate our approaches on large data sets and we display that they outperform previously proposed methods.
Painting blood vessels and atherosclerotic plaques with an adhesive drug depot (2012)

The treatment of diseased vasculature remains challenging, in part because of the difficulty in implanting drug-eluting devices without subjecting vessels to damaging mechanical forces. Implanting materials using adhesive forces could overcome this challenge, but materials have previously not been shown to durably adhere to intact endothelium under blood flow. Marine mussels secrete strong underwater adhesives that have been mimicked in synthetic systems. Here we develop a drug-eluting bioadhesive gel that can be locally and durably glued onto the inside surface of blood vessels. In a mouse model of atherosclerosis, inflamed plaques treated with steroid-eluting adhesive gels had reduced macrophage content and developed protective fibrous caps covering the plaque core. Treatment also lowered plasma cytokine levels and biomarkers of inflammation in the plaque. The drug-eluting devices developed here provide a general strategy for implanting therapeutics in the vasculature using adhesive forces and could potentially be used to stabilize rupture-prone plaques.
Evaluation of write error rate for voltage-driven dynamic magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization (2015)

Abstract We investigated the write error rate (WER) for voltage-driven dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization. We observed a clear oscillatory behavior of the switching probability with respect to the duration of pulse voltage, which reveals the precessional motion of magnetization during voltage application. We experimentally demonstrated WER as low as 4 × 10 −3 at the pulse duration corresponding to a half precession period (∼1 ns). The comparison between the results of the experiment and simulation based on a macrospin model shows a possibility of ultralow WER (<10 −15 ) under optimum conditions. This study provides a guideline for developing practical voltage-driven spintronic devices.
Intel SGX Explained. (2016)

Intel’s Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of extensions to the Intel architecture that aims to provide integrity and confidentiality guarantees to securitysensitive computation performed on a computer where all the privileged software (kernel, hypervisor, etc) is potentially malicious. This paper analyzes Intel SGX, based on the 3 papers [14, 78, 137] that introduced it, on the Intel Software Developer’s Manual [100] (which supersedes the SGX manuals [94, 98]), on an ISCA 2015 tutorial [102], and on two patents [108, 136]. We use the papers, reference manuals, and tutorial as primary data sources, and only draw on the patents to fill in missing information. This paper’s contributions are a summary of the Intel-specific architectural and micro-architectural details needed to understand SGX, a detailed and structured presentation of the publicly available information on SGX, a series of intelligent guesses about some important but undocumented aspects of SGX, and an analysis of SGX’s security properties.
Separation of Lens culinaris Hemagglutinin by Forced Flow Electrophoresis (1990)

Abstract The usefulness and versatility of forced flow electrophoresis (FFE) for the separation of proteins were examined with Lens culinaris hemagglutinin (lentil lectins). FFE was operated both in the usual single stage and in a more effective, new double-stage scheme. The dependence of the resolution on the flow velocity through the permeable channel and on the electrical field were analyzed. Increased effectiveness in separation was obtained with various pretreatments such as electrofiltration, dialysis, and centrifugation.
Type beta transforming growth factor is a potent inhibitor of murine megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro (1987)

To investigate the potential role of platelets in the inhibition of megakaryocytopoiesis, freeze-thawed extracts of human platelets were added to serumless liquid cultures of murine marrow. When acetylcholinesterase (AchE), a marker of megakaryocytic differentiation in mice, was assayed, a significant inhibition of enzymatic activity was noted in cultures containing the equivalent of greater than 5 X 10(6) solubilized platelets per milliliter. Freeze-thawed extracts of granulocytes had significantly less inhibitory effect than did platelets. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a growth factor known to be inhibitory to some cell lineages and to be found at relatively high concentrations in platelets, was then added to liquid marrow cultures. A similar inhibition of AchE activity was detected when cultures were stimulated with mitogen-stimulated conditioned medium. The effect was potent with 50% inhibition of AchE activity observed at 4 pmol TGF-beta/L. To determine if TGF-beta inhibited specifically one aspect of megakaryocytic differentiation, the factor was added to isolated single megakaryocytes in serumless culture induced by interleukin 3 (IL3) to increase in size. The number of megakaryocytes increasing in size in response to IL 3 exposure was reduced from 68% to 20% when both factors were simultaneously added to cultures. Colony assays showed that megakaryocytic and granulocyte- macrophage colony detection was inhibited at picomolar concentrations of the factor. These data suggest that TGF-beta is a potent in vitro inhibitor of the murine megakaryocytic lineage, although its effects are not limited to this lineage.
Development of hepatic fibrosis occurs normally in AMPK-deficient mice (2009)

Inhibition or blockade of HSCs (hepatic stellate cells), the main matrix-producing cells involved in the wound-healing response, represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In vitro studies have shown that activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a key player in the regulation of cellular energy homoeostasis, inhibits proliferation of myofibroblasts derived from HSCs. If AMPK is a true regulator of fibrogenesis then defective AMPK activity would enhance fibrogenesis and hepatic fibrosis. To test this, in the present work, in vitro studies were performed on mouse primary HSCs treated or not with the AMPK activator AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide) or isolated from mice lacking the AMPKalpha1 catalytic subunit (AMPKalpha1-/-) or their littermates (AMPKalpha1+/+). Liver fibrosis was induced in vivo in AMPKalpha1-/- and AMPKalpha1+/+ mice by repeated injections of CCl(4) (carbon tetrachloride). During culture activation of HSCs, AMPK protein and activity significantly increased and regulatory AMPKgamma3 mRNA was specifically up-regulated. Stimulation of AMPK activity by AICAR inhibited HSC proliferation, as expected, as well as collagen alpha1(I) expression. Importantly, AMPKalpha1 deletion inhibited proliferation of HSCs, but not fibrogenesis, in vivo. Moreover, AMPKalpha1 deletion was not associated with enhanced CCl(4)-induced fibrosis in vivo. In conclusion, our present findings demonstrate that HSC transdifferentiation is associated with increased AMPK activity that could relate to the stabilization of AMPK complex by the gamma3 subunits. Activation of AMPK in HSCs inhibits in vitro fibrogenesis. By contrast, low AMPK activity does not prevent HSC activation in vitro nor in in vivo fibrosis.
Expression of the Mr 67,000 laminin receptor is an adverse prognostic indicator in human thyroid cancer: an immunohistochemical study. (1996)

Increased expression of the Mr 67,000 laminin receptor (LR) is a consistent event which appears as cancer cells acquire an invasive and metastatic phenotype. The Mr 67,000 LR is one of the many laminin-binding proteins able to interact with the major glycoprotein of basement membranes, laminin. The recent development of a specific monoclonal antibody directed against the Mr 67,000 LR MLuC5 has allowed us to study large retrospective groups of human cancers with the aim of correlating the Mr 67,000 LR expression to the clinical, pathological, and survival data of the patients. A significant correlation has already been established between the increased expression of Mr 67,000 LR and survival of patients with breast, colon, ovary, lung, and endometrial cancers. In this study, we investigated the possibility that the detection of Mr 67,000 LR in thyroid human cancers could also be of prognostic value. We analyzed the expression of Mr 67,000 LR with immunohistochemistry using MLuC5 antibodies in paraffin sections of 40 benign and 170 malignant thyroid human tumors. We found that Mr 67,000 LR was not usually detectable in normal thyroid tissues adjacent to the lesion. Only 3 of the 40 thyroid adenomas examined (7.5%) presented cells positive for Mr 67,000 LR. For the malignant thyroid tumors examined, we found that 22.3% of papillary thyroid carcinomas, 38% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, 40% of poorly differentiated carcinomas, 25% of medullary carcinomas, and 58.3% of anaplastic carcinomas expressed a high level of Mr 67,000 LR. Although no correlation between the Mr 67,000 LR expression and survival was found in patients with follicular thyroid carcinomas, papillary thyroid carcinomas, anaplastic carcinomas, and medullary carcinomas, there was a significant correlation in primary thyroid cancers. Our data represent the first extensive study of the Mr 67,000 LR expression in human thyroid cancers and strongly suggest that its detection could be of prognostic value in the investigation of primary thyroid cancers.
CMOS technology scaling for low voltage low power applications (2002)

This paper reports the scaling guidelines for CMOS technologies optimized for supply voltages lower than standard values in low power applications. The optimum device structures for several lithographic generations targeted for common supply voltages are provided, using an analytical simulator/optimizer incorporating appropriate physically based models. It is shown that lowering the power consumption without significant performance loss is possible. The advantages of scaling the threshold voltage with supply voltage are emphasized.
Report from the 3rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. (1996)

The Third Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections offered hope for new treatments for AIDS-related illnesses. News about antiretroviral therapies, especially protease inhibitors, was enthusiastically received. Anthony Fauci, MD, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), proposed an expanded model of HIV progression. Carl Grunfeld, MD, discussed the issue of wasting and emphasized that secondary infections are the primary precipitants of wasting. The human growth hormone's role in treating wasting was addressed. The actions and effectiveness of the leading protease inhibitors, saquinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir, and the problems associated with resistance to them, were an area of concern. Preventing secondary infections, such as cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, cryptococcus, thrush, tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and microsporidium, is a primary concern.
죽음에서 피는 꽃 -고트프리트 켈러에서의 죽음, 에로스, 문학 (2013)

켈러의 문학을 이해할 때는 완전한 죽음, 다시 말해서 절대적 무망(無望)으 로서의 죽음을 전제하지 않고는 생각할 수 없다. 적군의 시체를 쌓아놓고 ``메 멘토 모리Memento Mori``를 외치며 살아있는 것을 자축한 로마의 병사들처럼 켈러에게도 ``메멘토 모리``는 자신의 일회적 삶과 현실주의적 창작 활동을 위한 추동력이었다. 이 글은 화가로 출발하여 독일 문학의 대표적인 리얼리스트로 주목받을 때까지 켈러의 작가정신은 죽음이라는 모티프와 밀접한 연관이 있다 는 전제에서 출발한다. 요컨대 그의 전기(傳記)와 그가 미학적으로 죽음과 대 면한 그림, 서정시, 서사작품을 토대로 그의 작가정신을 재구성하는 것이 이 글의 목표이다. 죽음은 켈러의 문학에서 장르를 불문하고 편재(遍在)하는 핵심 모티브이다. 이 모티브는 상징, 알레고리, 그로테스크 등의 다양한 문학적 기법을 통해 형상화되어 있다.