gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with a Bis(Phenoxyimine)Ti Complex/<i>i</i>-Bu<sub>3</sub>Al/Ph<sub>3</sub>CB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:  Formation of Stereo- and Regioirregular High Molecular Weight Polymers with High Efficiency (2006)

The unique catalytic behavior of a bis(phenoxyimine)Ti complex combined with i-Bu3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4 (whose active species is a phenoxyamine Ti complex) is discussed here for use in the polymerization of higher α-olefins (i.e., 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene). The catalyst system works as a single-site catalyst and exhibits high activities toward the higher α-olefins that were used in this study. The activities are comparable to or exceed those seen with a common metallocene catalyst, rac-[C2H4-(1-indenyl)2]ZrCl2. The polymerization rate has a zeroth-order dependence on the concentration of the monomer. To our surprise, the system exhibited higher activities toward higher α-olefins that incorporate more sterically encumbered substituents in close proximity to the olefinic moieties (activity order: 4-methyl-1-pentene > 1-decene > 1-octene > 1-hexene). The resultant polymers have very high molecular weights (Mw 846 000−1 450 000), representing some of the highest reported for poly(higher α-olefin)s. Microstructural analyses using 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that these high molecular weight polymers possess atactic structures with significant regioirregular units (ca. 50 mol %). Therefore, the catalyst system produced stereo- and regioirregular high molecular weight poly(higher α-olefin)s (“ultra-random polymers”) with high efficiency.
Synergistic Effect of Pybox Substituents and Lanthanide Cations in Reversing the Asymmetric Induction in the Catalysed Diels−Alder Reaction between 3‐Acryloyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one and Cyclopentadiene (2004)

Abstract The enantioselectivity in the pybox/lanthanide( III ) triflate catalysed Diels−Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and 3‐acryloyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one is profoundly influenced by the presence of a phenyl group in the 5′‐position of the ligand, since it sometimes amplifies, and sometimes reverses the enantioselectivity induced by the 4′‐substituent. The results can be summarised in three points. Of the catalysts derived from (4′ R ,5′ R )‐4‐Me‐5‐Ph‐pybox ( 6 ), the Sc III ‐based one is both strongly endo ‐selective and strongly enantioselective. Several catalysts derived from (4′ R ,5′ R )‐ trans ‐diphenyl‐pybox ( 9 ) give up to 50% yields of exo ‐ 4 and, at least with Pr III and La III , induce excellent ee values in both endo and exo adducts. The (4′ R ,5′ S )‐ cis ‐diphenyl‐pybox ( 8 ) is a novel and valuable ligand, since opposite enantiomers can be obtained with good selectivity simply by changing the cation from Sc III to La III . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
How to Select and Interpret Molecular Strain Typing Methods for Epidemiological Studies of Bacterial Infections A Review for Healthcare Epidemiologists (1997)

Strain typing is an integral part of epidemiological investigations of nosocomial infections. Methods for distinguishing among bacterial strains have improved dramatically over the last 5 years, due mainly to the introduction of molecular technology. Although not all molecular techniques are equally effective for typing all organisms, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the technique currently favored for most nosocomial pathogens. Criteria to aid epidemiologists in interpreting results have been published. Nucleic acid amplification-based typing methods also are applicable to many organisms and can be completed within a single day, but interpretive criteria still are under debate. Strain typing cannot be used to replace a sound epidemiological investigation, but serves as a useful adjunct to such investigations.
Greedy Channel Router Implementation in FORTRAN (1989)

During this project, the Greedy Channel Router was implemented in FORTRAN. This will allow students to break their general routing problems into channel routing problems to be done by the program. Since many students know FORTRAN, it will also be possible to build on the program and develop a more general router in the future [1].
The Government of the Church in the Twelfth Century (1991)

Abstract An enriched vocabulary of papal power was becoming evident. The right of the curia to hear appeals from all church courts was extended. At the same time the effective control of the local churches was put increasingly into the hand of the bishops. The power of the bishops and the intervention of the popes led to conflicts over the crown's attempts to control the national churches, illustrated in an extreme form in the Becket affair.
Inhibition of potentially lethal DNA damage repair in human tumor cells by beta-lapachone, an activator of topoisomerase I. (1989)

A 4-h posttreatment with 4 microM beta-lapachone was previously shown to enhance the lethality of X-rays against human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells (D. A. Boothman et al., Cancer Res., 47:5361-5366, 1988). We now show that beta-lapachone (a) activates the DNA-unwinding activity of topoisomerase I, (b) inhibits the fast component of potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) carried out by HEp-2 cells when present during or immediately following X-irradiation, (c) specifically and synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging agents which induce DNA strand incisions, such as neocarzinostatin or X-rays, against a radioresistant human malignant melanoma (U1-Mel) cell line, (d) does not synergistically potentiate melphalan-induced lethality against U1-Mel cells but inhibits survival recovery and increases sister chromatid exchanges, and (e) does not further enhance the lethal effects of X-rays following prolonged drug exposures, indicating that beta-lapachone modifies initially created DNA lesions or inhibits lesion repair but does not create lethal lesions by itself. beta-Lapachone accelerated the DNA-unwinding activity of topoisomerase I derived from avian erythrocytes, calf thymus, or HEp-2 cells. beta-Lapachone did not intercalate into DNA, nor did it inhibit topoisomerase II or ligation carried out by mammalian or T4 DNA ligases. Structurally similar analogues, alpha-lapachone, lapachol, and dichloroallyl lawsone, did not enhance X-ray-induced cytotoxicity nor did they activate topoisomerase I. Camptothecin, a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I, significantly radiosensitized HEp-2 cells, in a manner similar to beta-lapachone. These results suggest a role of topoisomerase I in DNA repair. The PLDR capacity of confluent-arrested HEp-2 cells was inhibited when beta-lapachone was given immediately following or during X-irradiation. The effect decreased when the drug was added at later times. beta-Lapachone may enhance lethality by converting single- into double-stranded DNA breaks during PLDR or through DNA conformational changes which inhibit PLDR. We propose that either mechanism of enhanced lethality may result from the ability of beta-lapachone to activate topoisomerase I.
Security Evaluation of Pattern Classifiers under Attack (2013)

Pattern classification systems are commonly used in adversarial applications, like biometric authentication, network intrusion detection, and spam filtering, in which data can be purposely manipulated by humans to undermine their operation. As this adversarial scenario is not taken into account by classical design methods, pattern classification systems may exhibit vulnerabilities, whose exploitation may severely affect their performance, and consequently limit their practical utility. Extending pattern classification theory and design methods to adversarial settings is thus a novel and very relevant research direction, which has not yet been pursued in a systematic way. In this paper, we address one of the main open issues: evaluating at design phase the security of pattern classifiers, namely, the performance degradation under potential attacks they may incur during operation. We propose a framework for empirical evaluation of classifier security that formalizes and generalizes the main ideas proposed in the literature, and give examples of its use in three real applications. Reported results show that security evaluation can provide a more complete understanding of the classifier's behavior in adversarial environments, and lead to better design choices.
Structural properties of Pt/<i>p</i> -InP heterostructures (1996)

Ion-beam-assisted deposition of Pt on p-InP at room temperature was performed in order to produce Pt epitaxial films with high quality and Pt/p-InP (100) heterostructures with sharp interfaces. From the x-ray diffraction analysis, the grown film was found to be a Pt heteroepitaxial film. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements showed that the composition of the as-grown film was Pt and that the interface quality between the Pt and the InP was relatively good. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the grown Pt was an epitaxial film. These results indicate that the Pt epitaxial films grown on p-InP (100) can be used for both stable contacts in optoelectronic devices and Pt/InP metal-semiconductor-field-effect transistors and that the Pt/InP heterostructures can give good motivation for the fabrication of Pt/InP superlattices.
GeSn Lasers Covering a Wide Wavelength Range Thanks to Uniaxial Tensile Strain (2019)

Silicon photonics continues to progress tremendously, both in near-infrared datacom/telecoms and in mid-IR optical sensing, despite the fact a monolithically integrated group IV semiconductor laser is still missing. GeSn alloys are one of the most promising candidate materials to realize such devices, as robust lasing under optical pumping was demonstrated by several groups up to mild cryogenic temperatures. Ideally, the integrated lasers should be tunable by design over a wide spectral range, offering a versatility that is required for optical sensing devices. We present here an innovative approach, taking advantage of local strain management in the semiconductor laser’s active zone. Arrays of differently strained Fabry-Pérot GeSn microlasers were fabricated side-by-side on the very same chip after blanket epitaxy on a Ge-buffered silicon-on-insulator substrate. Thanks to the local strain design, laser emission over a very large wavelength range under optical pumping, with laser lines peaking from 3.1 up to 4.6 μm at 25 K and with thresholds lower than 10 kW·cm–2. Laser operation persists up to 273 K, that is, very close to room temperature. This strategy, implemented on group IV semiconductors, opens up a new route to control the emission properties of microlasers integrated on a chip over significant photon energy windows representing a significant step forward in the integration and miniaturization of light sources emitting at a process-defined wavelength.
A neural amplifier with high programmable gain and tunable bandwidth (2008)

A neural recording amplifier having programmable gain and bandwidth is presented. The gain can be digitally programmed using 6 bits from 100x to 1100x in steps of 100x. The low-frequency cutoff can be varied from less than 10Hz to above 100Hz to accept or reject field potentials while the high-frequency cutoff is fixed at 9kHz. The input referred noise of this amplifier is 4.8microV(rms) and it consumes 50microW operating from +/-1.5V. Implemented in a 0.5microm technology, the amplifier occupies an area of 0.098mm(2). This amplifier has been successfully demonstrated in-vivo and compared to a commercial amplifier.
OXIDATION OF ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS WITH DINITROGEN TETROXIDE (1979)

Abstract Symmetrical disulfides were known to be oxidized with excess N2O4 to the corresponding sulfonic anhydride in good yields. We have found that the oxidation of methyl phenyl disufide or an intermediate, phenyl methanethiolsulfinate undergoes via forming the unstable intermediate, i.e. the thionitrite, which are derived by the cleavage of sulfur-sulfur bond of the subsrates. The oxidation products were symmetrical disulfides, thiolsulfonates, and sulfonic acids which were undoubtedly derived from the scission of sulfur-sulfur bond.
Multiplex genome engineering in human cells using all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vector system (2014)

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a next-generation strategy for genetic modifications, not only for single gene targeting, but also for multiple targeted mutagenesis. To make the most of the multiplexity of CRISPR/Cas9, we established a system for constructing all-in-one expression vectors containing multiple guide RNA expression cassettes and a Cas9 nuclease/nickase expression cassette. We further demonstrated successful examples of multiple targeting including chromosomal deletions in human cells using the all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vectors constructed with our novel system. Our system provides an efficient targeting strategy for multiplex genome/epigenome editing, simultaneous activation/repression of multiple genes, and beyond.
An application-specific processor dedicated to Kalman-filter-based correction of spectrometric data (1995)

An application-specific processor dedicated to Kalman-filter-based measurand reconstruction in spectrometric applications is proposed. It is intended to act as coprocessor of a host processor, performing relatively sophisticated processing of measurement data subject to systematic errors of an instrumental type and to random errors of various natures, it is basically designed for improving the resolution of spectrometric measurements commonly used in environmental laboratories, but it may be useful in other applications where similar processing of measurement data is required. Examples of applications of the processor in spectrometric measurements, its metrological advantages and limitations, as well as perspectives of its development, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding Scheduling Replay Schemes (2005)

Modern microprocessors adopt speculative scheduling techniques where instructions are scheduled several clock cycles before they actually execute. Due to this scheduling delay, scheduling misses should be recovered across the multiple levels of dependence chains in order to prevent further unnecessary execution. We explore the design space of various scheduling replay schemes that prevent the propagation of scheduling misses, and find that current and proposed replay schemes do not scale well and require instructions to execute in correct data dependence order, since they track dependences among instructions within the instruction window as a part of the scheduling or execution process. We propose token-based selective replay that moves the dependence information propagation loop out of the scheduler, enabling lower complexity in the scheduling logic and support for data-speculation techniques at the expense of marginal IPC degradation compared to an ideal selective replay scheme.
The Importance of Proximity in Economic Competitiveness: Rethinking the Role of Clusters in Local Economic Development Policy (2005)

Economic development practitioners have thoroughly embraced industry clustering; assuming competitiveness enhancements accrue if local inter-firm linkages can be strengthened. This research attempts to measure the complexity of inter-firm linkages by applying the Waits and Howard (1996) cooperation continuum to the Machinery and Equipment manufacturing cluster in southeast Melbourne. The basic hypothesis is that if location influences inter-firm linkage complexity, then complex linkages should be focused at the local level rather than regionally, nationally or internationally. The results indicate that few of the cluster members maintained linkages that could be regarded as complex. Indeed, a dearth of complex linkages was found and, where they existed, the importance of proximity is questionable, with many of the more complex linkages being maintained at the broad metropolitan level or indeed interstate or internationally.
Dielectric characterization of materials using a modified microstrip ring resonator technique (2012)

The goal of this study is to present a simple model based on the ring-resonator technique to measure nondestructively the permittivity and loss tangent of dielectric materials. The proposed measurement model utilizes a modified ring-resonator technique in one-layer and two-layer microstrip configurations. This method eliminates the requirement to metalize the samples and enables characterization of permittivity and dielectric loss from 2 to 40 GHz. The effects of conductor and radiation losses that may introduce significant errors in the calculation of the loss tangent, especially at very high frequencies, are minimized. The measurement precision is evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained by using two well-known standard techniques. Uncertainties associated with the proposed model are addressed.
New thermoplastic poly(thiourethane-urethane) elastomers based on hexane-1,6-diyl diisocyanate (HDI) (2013)

Two series of new thermoplastic poly(thiourethane-urethane) elastomers (EPTURs), with different hard-segment content (40–60 wt%), were synthesized by a one-step melt polymerization from poly(oxytetramethylene) diol (PTMO) of $$ \overline{M}_{\text{n}} $$ = 1,000 g mol−1 or poly(hexamethylene carbonate) diol (PHCD) of $$ \overline{M}_{\text{n}} $$ = 860 g mol−1 as a soft segment, hexane-1,6-diyl diisocyanate and (methylenedi-1,4-phenylene)dimethanethiol as a chain extender at the NCO/(OH + SH) molar ratio of 1. The structures of all the EPTURs were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Their thermal behavior was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). For the chosen polymers the gaseous products evolved during the decomposition process were analyzed by TG-FTIR. Moreover, physicochemical, adhesive and tensile properties as well as Shore A/D hardness were determined. The resulting high-molecular-mass EPTURs were stable up to 254–262 °C, as measured by the temperature of 1 % mass loss. They decomposed in three or four stages. The main decomposition products were carbonyl sulfide, isocyanate, carbon dioxide, aromatic hydrocarbons as well as aliphatic ethers and aldehydes (in PTMO series) and alcohols (in PHCD series). All the polymers showed partially crystalline structures, associated with crystallization of thiourethane hard segments. Their melting temperatures were in the range of 184–186 °C. The PTMO series EPTURs exhibited better low-temperature properties (glass-transition temperature in the range of −64 to −44 vs. −26 to −22 °C), but poorer tensile strengths (20–28 vs. 37–43 MPa). These EPTURs showed improved adhesive properties in comparison with their polyurethane analogs.
A psicanálise, o trabalho e o laço social (2016)

Although Sigmund Freud himself had already emphasized the importance of labour as a source of satisfaction to the libido, many analysts still ignore the relevance of studying this particular theme. In this article, we intend to explore the questions on work and labour, discussing Jacques Lacan’ s theory of the four discourses and reviewing the contributions of some authors in social sciences.
Design and Optimization of a Class-E Amplifier for a Loosely Coupled Planar Wireless Power System (2009)

In wireless power systems for charging battery-operated devices, the selection of component values guaranteeing certain desired performance characteristics can be a tedious trial-and-error process, either sweeping component values in circuit simulations or changing components by hand. This difficulty is compounded by the variable nature of the load resistance presented by a device under charge. This brief considers component selection for a specific wireless power system architecture, which is an open-loop class-e inverter using a series-parallel arrangement for load impedance transformation. Formulas for the optimal receiver, transmitter, and class-e components are derived given a set of constraints on the resistance, phase, quality factor, and drain voltage waveform. Using a 16 cm times 18 cm primary and a 4 cm times 5 cm secondary coil, the derived formulas are used to build a wireless power system. We show that the system has desirable performance characteristics, including a power delivery of over 3.7 W, peak efficiency of over 66%, and decreasing power delivery with increasing load resistance.
Biological activity of mutants of human tumour necrosis factor-alpha. (1992)

Point mutations in different regions of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) molecule influence anti-tumour cytotoxic/cytostatic activities as well as haemorrhagic tumour necrosis, tumour regression and lethal toxicity in mice. Mutations in the C-terminal region in positions 150 and 155 markedly decrease cytotoxicity for murine L929 fibroblasts and human MCF7 mammary carcinoma cells. Competitive binding experiments with 125I-labelled TNF-alpha revealed that the loss of cytotoxicity is caused by a loss of target cell binding. In contrast to the reduced activity against L929 and MCF7 cells, neither binding to nor cytostatic activity against the human myeloid leukaemia cell lines HL60 and U937 are affected. This target cell type-dependent behaviour is probably due to the fact that L929 and MCF7 cells express different types of TNF receptor compared with myeloid leukaemia cells. While a mutation in position 127 decreases the overall activity of TNF-alpha, a deletion of four N-terminal amino acids does not reduce biological activity. In vivo the TNF mutants differed in their anti-tumour effects and lethal toxicity, but a segregation of anti-tumour activity and toxicity was not observed.
A Biomechanical Analysis of the Heavy Sprint-Style Sled Pull and Comparison with the Back Squat (2015)

This study compared the biomechanical characteristics of the heavy sprint-style sled pull and squat. Six experienced male strongman athletes performed sled pulls and squats at 70% of their 1RM squat. Significant kinematic and kinetic differences were observed between the sled pull start and squat at the start of the concentric phase and at maximum knee extension. The first stride of the heavy sled pull demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) lower stride lengths and average velocities and a higher mean ratio of force than the stride at 2 – 3 m. The force orientation and magnitude associated with the heavy sprint-style sled pull demonstrates that the heavy sled pull may be an effective conditioning stimulus to generate superior anterior-propulsive forces compared to vertically orientated exercises such as the squat with the same given load. Such adaptations may be beneficial in sports where higher levels of sprint momentum are needed to make and break tackles.