gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of estrogen receptors in a normal human breast epithelial cell type with luminal and stem cell characteristics and its neoplastically transformed cell lines (1997)

Although approximately two-thirds of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, only a small proportion of epithelial cells in the mammary gland express the ER. The origin of the ER-positive breast cancers is unknown. Recently, we have developed a culture method to grow two morphologically and antigenically distinguishable types of normal human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) derived from reduction mammoplasty. In this report, we studied the expression of ER in these two types of cells and their transformed cell lines. The results indicate that Type I HBEC with luminal and stem cell characteristics expressed a variant ER (approximately 48 kd) by Western blot analysis. This variant ER contains a deletion in the DNA binding domain (exon 2) as revealed by RT-PCR analysis. The lack of the DNA-binding domain of the variant ER was also confirmed by the ER-estrogen responsive element binding assay, as well as by the immunofluorescence staining of the ER using anti-ER antibodies which recognize either the C-terminal or N-terminal region. In contrast, Type II HBEC with basal epithelial phenotype are ER-negative. Simian virus 40 (SV40) transformed Type I and Type II HBEC lines also expressed the variant ER. Tumors formed in athymic nude mice by in vitro transformed tumorigenic Type I cell lines, however, expressed a high level of wild type ER which was undetectable in these cells grown in vitro before and after tumor formation. Thus, there appears to be a differential ER mRNA splicing between the in vitro and in vivo mileu.
Preparation of 3‐Spirocyclic Indolin‐2‐ones as Ligands for the ORL‐1 Receptor. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Online Convolutional Dictionary Learning for Multimodal Imaging (2017)

Computational imaging methods that can exploit multiple modalities have the potential to enhance the capabilities of traditional sensing systems. In this paper, we propose a new method that reconstructs multimodal images from their linear measurements by exploiting redundancies across different modalities. Our method combines a convolutional group-sparse representation of images with total variation (TV) regularization for high-quality multimodal imaging. We develop an online algorithm that enables the unsupervised learning of convolutional dictionaries on large-scale datasets that are typical in such applications. We illustrate the benefit of our approach in the context of joint intensity-depth imaging.
Realtime extraction of polarimetric information at the focal plane (2006)

Traditional imaging systems focus on converting light's intensity and color property into suitable electronic signals. An important property of light, polarization is ignored with these traditional imaging systems. Polarization vision contains information about the imaged environment, such as surface shapes, curvature and material properties. Real time extraction of polarization properties would further allow synergy with traditional adaptive spatiotemporal image processing techniques for synthetic imaging. Therefore, we have developed an image sensor with real-time polarimetric extraction capability at the focal plane using low power analog circuits. This novel imaging system is the first of its kind to compute Stokes parameters at the focal plane in real-time. In order to fully describe the polarization state of light in nature, three linear polarized projections or two linear polarized projections in combination with the total intensity are required. We have fabricated a two layer micro polarizer array with total thickness of around 20μm. The micro polarizer array is mounted on top of the imaging sensor. The image sensor is composed of a 256 by 256 photo pixel array, noise suppression circuitry and analog processing circuitry for polarimetric computation. The image sensor was fabricated in 0.18μ process with 10μm pixel pitch and 75% fill factor. Block-parallel pixel read out is employed in order to compute Stokes parameters on a neighborhood of 2 by 2 pixels. The Stokes parameters are presented together with the noise suppressed intensity image. Experimental data from the polarimetric imaging system is also presented.
Optical Kerr-effect in fiber-optic Brillouin ring laser gyroscopes (1993)

The optical Kerr effect in a reciprocal fiber-optic Brillouin ring laser gyroscope is investigated. It is found that the Kerr effect, as the major error source of the rotation rate measurement in this gyroscope, causes a bias of beat frequency with nonlinear dependence on rotation rate. A differential Stokes power of 1 mW inside the ring resonator is measured to produce a beat frequency bias of 69 Hz, which agrees well with the theoretical expectation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a Major Neutralizing Epitope on Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L1 (1999)

Persistent infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. Neutralizing epitopes present on the major coat protein, L1, have not been well characterized, although three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) had been identified by using HPV-16 pseudovirions (R. B. Roden et al., J. Virol. 71:6247-6252, 1997). Here, two of these MAbs (H16.V5 and H16.E70) were demonstrated to neutralize authentic HPV-16 in vitro, while the third (H16.U4) did not. Binding studies were conducted with the three MAbs and virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the reference L1 sequence (114K) and three variant L1 sequences: Rochester-1k (derived from viral stock DNA), GU-1 (derived from cervical biopsy DNA), and GU-2 (derived from biopsy DNA, but containing some sequence changes likely to be artifactual). While all three MAbs bound to 114K and Rochester-1k VLPs, GU-1 VLPs were not recognized by H16.E70, and both H16.E70 and H16.V5 failed to bind to GU-2 VLPs. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace disparate amino acids in the GU-2 L1 with those found in the 114K L1. Alteration of the amino acid at position 50, from L to F, completely restored H16.V5 binding and partially restored H16.E70 binding, while complete restoration of H16.E70 binding occurred with GU-2 VLPs containing both L50F and T266A alterations. Immunization of mice with L1 variant VLPs revealed that GU-2 VLPs were poorly immunogenic. The L50F mutant of GU-2 L1, in which the H16.V5 epitope was restored, elicited HPV-16 antibody responses comparable to those obtained with 114K VLPs. These results demonstrate the importance of the H16.V5 epitope in the generation of potent HPV-16 neutralizing antibody responses.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. (1998)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a promising vector for somatic gene therapy due to the ability to transduce terminally-differentiated and non-dividing cells, the lack of any apparent pathogenicity, a low immunogenicity, a relatively high stability of transgene expression, and the potential for targeted integration. Improved methods of rAAV packaging allow the generation of concentrated and highly purified rAAV for clinical trials. Preclinical studies with rAAV are currently in progress for the treatment of a variety of inherited monogenic defects, but also for acquired diseases like HIV infection and cancer. Because of the broad host range of wild type AAV, rAAV is able to transduce a variety of human tissues, preferentially those of epitheloid origin, with high efficiency and therefore may be used for various clinical applications. Whilst several issues including safety, tissue tropism and methods to achieve site-specific integration need further improvement, rAAV certainly has a sufficient number of advantages to be seriously considered as a gene therapy vector.
Ho:Tm:Lu(3)Al(5)O(12) As An Infrared-Laser Material (1995)

In this paper, we present evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the effects of the Chinese one-child policy on adults in China who were born just before and after the introduction of the policy. We measure risk, uncertainty, and time preferences, as well as subjects' preferences in the social domain, i.e., concerning competitiveness, cooperation, and bargaining. We sampled people from three Chinese provinces born both before and after the introduction of the policy in 1979. We utilize the fact that the one-child policy was introduced at different times and with different degrees of strictness in different provinces. Overall, we find a statistically significant effect only on risk and uncertainty aversion and not on any other preferences in the experiments: Those born after the introduction of the one-child policy are less risk and uncertainty averse. These results hold for various robustness checks and heterogeneity tests. Hence, our results do not confirm the general wisdom and stereotype of only-children in China being "little emperors."
Capacitor Balancing and Common-Mode Voltage Reduction of a SiC Based Dual T-Type Drive System Using Model Predictive Control (2019)

The dual T-type multilevel converter (MLC) is an advanced topology with a reduced switching device count compared to a conventional diode clamped converter. This paper proposes a reduced switching state model predictive control (MPC) of a dual T-type drive system considering the DC link capacitor balancing, the common-mode voltage (CMV) along with torque control of an open-ends induction motor. The proposed study addresses the CMV in two different scenarios; i.e., the CMV reduction (CMVR) and CMV elimination (CMVE). A Matlab simulation for the proposed drive system is presented. A dual T-type converter prototype based on Silicon-Carbide discrete MOSFET switch is designed, implemented, and tested in the laboratory. The proposed MPC scheme achieves the torque command as well as balances the dual DC links in an efficient manner. It is observed that the CMVE has some limitation compared to CMVR, particularly at rated speed operation. It is worth mentioning that the proposed reduced switching states technique could reduce the computation time from 5.5 ms to $140~\mu \text{s}$ for CMVR and $70~\mu \text{s}$ for CMVE. In addition, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of CMVR scheme in reducing the harmonic contents, the torque and flux ripples, and converter switching loss compared to the CMVE scheme.
Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyimides containing oxyalkylene linkages (1995)

A series of para-catenated aromatic diamines containing oxyalkylene linkages, i.e., i.2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane, bis[2-(4-aminnophenoxy)ethyl]ether, 1,2-bis[24{4-aminio-phenoxy)ethoxyjethane and bis{2-[2A4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy]ethyllether were polymerized with 3,3',4.4'benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride. The poly(amic acid)s obtained were imidized by both chemical and thermal methods. It was postulated that the incorporation of the flexible linkages in the polyimides' backbones would result in solubility in organic solvents and moderate glass transition temperatures (T g ) that would allow the polymers to be melt processed. However, the polyimides were insoluble and highly crystalline with melting points (T m ) above 400"C. In an attempt to disrupt the polymers' symmetry. mixtures of the diamines and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene were polymerized with BTDA. The resulting copolymers were insoluble and semrnicrystalline with T m values near 310C. A polyimide with similar properties was obtained by polymerizing a disubstituted diamine, 2,2-diethyl-t,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)propane, with BTDA. A soluble polymer that could be melt processed was prepared from BTDA and a meta-catenated diamine containing an oxyalkylene linkage, bis[2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl)ether. The polymer had a strong T g near 156 'C and a weak T m near 240C.
Formation of Highly Aligned, Single‐Layered, Hollow Fibrous Assemblies and the Fabrication of Large Pieces of PLLA Membranes (2011)

Abstract Large pieces of paper‐thin PLLA membranes are prepared and characterized as single‐layered hollow fibrous assemblies with an extremely high degree of fiber alignment. The diameter of the electrospun hollow fibers is in the range of some tens of micrometers with a wall thickness of a few micrometers. They are best described as 2D arrays of highly aligned microtubes. The mechanical properties of the membranes are studied. A processing map is constructed using the applied electric field strength and the concentration (viscosity) of the electrospinning dope. The influence of factors such as the field strength and weight and viscosity of the jetted solutions is discussed. The results will help in the future fabrication of highly anisotropic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. magnified image
Envelope tracking LTE multimode power amplifier with 44% overall efficiency (2017)

This paper presents the design and measurements of a LTE multimode power amplifier module with integrated AC coupling fast envelope tracking with a DC tracking loop. The HBT power amplifier is integrated in the same module with the 0.18μm CMOS PA controller and fast tracker. The power output is 28dBm for an -40dBc ACLR1 with 44% efficiency for LTE 10MHz, Band 17, at 710MHz with excellent noise performance -121.9dBm/Hz at 30MHz offset.
Selection and optimization of a salting‐out extraction system for recovery of biobutanol from fermentation broth (2013)

High separation cost of biobutanol from the fermentation broth has become a bottleneck in acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) industrial production due to low ABE concentration. In this study, a suitable salting‐out extraction ( SOE ) system was selected and optimized for the recovery of biobutanol from the fermentation broth. From the different SOE systems investigated, the acetone/ K 2 HPO 4 system appeared to be more favorable. To examine the potential of this SOE system, the partition coefficient combined with concentration fold of butanol in synthetic solutions was optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found to be 17.51% w/w acetone, 21.44% w/w dipotassium hydrogen phosphate at ABE concentration of 17.3 g/L (butanol = 9.5 g/L). Under these conditions, a favorable partition coefficient, extraction yield, and concentration fold of butanol were determined as 70, 99.08%, and 1.48, respectively. The optimum extraction conditions were then used to direct the recovery of biobutanol from a real fermentation broth. The partition coefficient, extraction yield, and concentration fold of butanol reached 63.13, 98.10%, and 1.53, respectively; while the removal ratio of cells and proteins were 99.12 and 95.70%, respectively. The SOE system of acetone/ K 2 HPO 4 appeared to be effective and feasible for the downstream processing of butanol from fermentation broth.
Lithography overlay controller formulation (2000)

Lithography overlay refers to the measurement of the alignment of successive patterns within the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Control of overlay has become of great importance in semiconductor manufacturing, as the tolerance for overlay error is continually shrinking in order to manufacture next-generation semiconductor products. Run-to-run control has become an attractive solution to many control problems within the industry, including overlay. The term run-to-run control refers to any automated procedure whereby recipe settings are updated between successive process runs in order to keep the process under control. The following discussion will present the formulation of such a controller by examining control of overlay. A brief introduction of overlay will be given, highlighting the control challenge overlay presents. A data management methodology that groups like processes together in order to improve controllability, referred to as control threads, will then be presented. Finally, a discussion of linear model predictive control will show its utility in feedback run-to-run control.
An RNN-based algorithm to detect prosodic phrase for Chinese TTS (2002)

The goal of the work presented here is to automatically predict the prosodic phrase boundaries from the text for Chinese TTS (text-to-speech) by using the trigram of the POS (part-of-speech) with information of the breaks between the prior two word-pairs by using a RNN (recurrent neural network). Prosodic phrase boundaries are very important to a Chinese TTS system because they will influence the prosodic model for speech synthesis. In this paper, the algorithm tries to use RNN to find some mapping relationship between the POS sequence and prosodic phrase boundaries, and hopes to improve the naturalness of synthesized speech.
A decimal fully parallel and pipelined floating point multiplier (2008)

Decimal arithmetic is important in several commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents a fully parallel Decimal64 floating point (FP) multiplier compliant to IEEE Std 754-2008 for floating point arithmetic. The proposed multiplier possesses novel methods to target low latency. The proposed design is based on a previously published fixed point multiplier that uses a novel BCD-4221 recoding for decimal digits to improve the area and latency of the partial product generation and the partial product reduction tree. Several enhancements are introduced to the design; the final carry propagation adder is implemented using a fully parallel decimal adder with a Kogge-Stone prefix tree, the sticky bit is generated in parallel to the shifter to reduce the critical path delay. The design is extendable to support Decimal128 floating point multiplication. The multiplier is hardware verified for functionality on an FPGA.
ChemInform Abstract: NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS. SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 1,2,3,4,5,6‐HEXAHYDRO‐1,4‐2,6‐DIMETHANO‐3‐BENZAZOCINES (1977)

Abstract Das aus ö‐Hydroxytropinon erhaltende Ketal (I) wird nach Oxidation zu (II) mit p‐Methoxyphenylmagnesiumbromid in das Addukt (III) übergeführt, aus dem dann nach Dehydratisierung, katalytischer Hydrierung und saurer Hydrolyse das Tropinon (IV) erhalten wird.
Applications of optical code division multiple access (CDMA) to wireless communication (1995)

The theoretical foundations for code division multiple access (CDMA) are similar for microwave and optical implementations, and the advantages of this form of multiple access communications are similar, also. The advantages include the ability to support bursty, asynchronous, concurrent communications and to tolerate multipath interference. Optical implementations of CDMA are different in that they tend to require guided lightwaves (e.g., fiber cable), the coding is imposed on the intensity rather that on the amplitude of the lightwave, the various codes are not strictly orthogonal, and the receiver uses direct detection. This gives rise to the term 'optical CDMA'. These pseudo- orthogonal CDMA codes usually require wide bandwidths to represent the encoded data, so that optical CDMA is sometimes considered bandwidth inefficient. Two classes of optical CDMA codes which ar sufficiently bandwidth efficient for wireless communications applications are (1) incoherent spectral CDMA and (2) optical matrix CDMA. In addition, the wireless communications applications may need to support various data rates (for the various services), and these two classes of optical CDMA are both very tolerant of data rate variations. An appropriate topology for applications such as a local area network (LAN) is a star and, for multimedia data distribution, a tree.
Analysis of second level resonant tunneling diodes and transistors (1988)

Calculations of the current-voltage characteristics in double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes and transistors in which the tunneling occurs through the second or higher level in the well are presented. The alloy compositions outside of the barriers and in the well can be adjusted so that the lowest level in the well is truly confined. The resonant tunneling current is then found to be a sensitive function of the charge in the well. This suggests a new type of tunneling transistor in which the voltage on the base modulates the amount of charge in the first level, thus modulating the collector current. The base resistance can be made small by providing sufficient carriers in the well.
Identification of Amides as Carboxylic Acid Surrogates for Quinolizidinone-Based M<sub>1</sub> Positive Allosteric Modulators (2012)

Selective activation of the M1 muscarinic receptor via positive allosteric modulation represents an approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A series of amides were examined as a replacement for the carboxylic acid moiety in a class of quinolizidinone carboxylic acid M1 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators, and leading pyran 4o and cyclohexane 5c were found to possess good potency and in vivo efficacy.
Fabrication and characterization of a fully conventionally machined, high-performance porous-media electrospray thruster (2020)

Abstract While electrospray devices have been used in a variety of applications for decades, they have recently seen a surge in research within the field of electric propulsion. These research efforts have helped significantly improve the understanding of electrospray thruster operation and optimization, however they have primarily been focused on capillary-based, droplet emitting devices due to the more readily available manufacturing techniques. In contrast, ion emitting, porous-media-based electrospray devices are less developed both theoretically and experimentally. Presented here are fabrication methods and thruster characterization results for an entirely conventionally machined, high performance porous-media electrospray thruster. The goal of this work was to explore the performance capabilities of an ion-mode electrospray thruster which could be fabricated and tested rapidly using techniques readily available to virtually any institution, with the hope of enabling more academic and industrial development of this technology. The thruster described here consisted of 576 emitters conventionally machined out of porous borosilicate glass and is able to maintain stable operation up to ± 700 µ A of emitted ion current. The overall thruster design is described, and detailed fabrication steps are presented for this device. Additionally, performance characteristics are discussed for both positive and negative ion emission, including I–V curves and direct thrust measurements, as well as measurements of the emitted ion angular, 2D spatial, mass, and energy distributions. Examples of the performance of this device compared to other devices found in the literature are also discussed.
Photometric Mesh Optimization for Video-Aligned 3D Object Reconstruction (2019)

In this paper, we address the problem of 3D object mesh reconstruction from RGB videos. Our approach combines the best of multi-view geometric and data-driven methods for 3D reconstruction by optimizing object meshes for multi-view photometric consistency while constraining mesh deformations with a shape prior. We pose this as a piecewise image alignment problem for each mesh face projection. Our approach allows us to update shape parameters from the photometric error without any depth or mask information. Moreover, we show how to avoid a degeneracy of zero photometric gradients via rasterizing from a virtual viewpoint. We demonstrate 3D object mesh reconstruction results from both synthetic and real-world videos with our photometric mesh optimization, which is unachievable with either naive mesh generation networks or traditional pipelines of surface reconstruction without heavy manual post-processing.