gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Thermal Gradients during Cyclic Thermal Loading under High Heating Rates (2003)

The magnitude of temperature gradients and their variation with temperature and time was investigated for a thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) cycle between 400°C and 1100°C under a heating rate of 10°C/s. The measurements of the temperature distribution in the gauge section of a flat rectangular specimen of the Nickel base superalloy CMSX-6 were carried out by means of thermocouples located at various positions on the surface and in the volume, respectively. As a reference the temperature distribution was calculated by finite element analysis based on the temperature signal of the control thermocouple. Additionally, the surface temperature distribution was studied by thermographic measurements. The results reveal that thermal gradients establish in longitudinal and in transverse direction of the gauge section. Although the temperatures in the bulk material exceed the reference given by the control signal during the entire cycle, this effect is most pronounced (+40°C) during cooling by forced air. In comparison, the predictive results of the finite element calculation lead to slightly enhanced surface temperatures during heating (+8°C) and to reduced surface temperatures during cooling (-5°C). Therefore, it is concluded that heat transport in the bulk material is sufficiently fast to guarantee almost homogeneous temperature distribution. The significantly enhanced volume temperatures in the experiment were found to result from influences of the experimental set-up, and from superimposed effects due to forced air cooling and heat flow through the wires of the spot welded thermocouple.
Shc, Grb2, Sos1, and a 150-kilodalton tyrosine-phosphorylated protein form complexes with Fms in hematopoietic cells. (1994)

Fms, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, is normally expressed in myeloid cells and initiates signals for both growth and development along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We have examined Fms signal transduction pathways in the murine myeloid progenitor cell line FDC-P1. M-CSF stimulation of FDC-P1 cells expressing exogenous Fms resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of a variety of cellular proteins in addition to Fms. M-CSF stimulation also resulted in Fms association with two of these tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, one of which was identified as the 55-kDa Shc, which is shown in other systems to be involved in growth stimulation, and the other was a previously uncharacterized 150-kDa protein (p150). Fms also formed complexes with Grb2 and Sos1, and neither contained phosphotyrosine. Whereas both Grb2 and Sos1 complexed with Fms only after M-CSF stimulation, the amount of Sos1 complexed with Grb2 was not M-CSF dependent. Shc coimmunoprecipitated Sos1, Grb2, and tyrosine-phosphorylated p150, while Grb2 immunoprecipitates contained mainly phosphorylated p150, Fms, Shc, and Sos1. Shc interacted with tyrosine-phosphorylated p150 via its SH2 domain, and the Grb2 SH2 domain likewise bound tyrosine-phosphorylated Fms and p150. Analysis of Fms mutated at each of four tyrosine autophosphorylation sites indicated that none of these sites dramatically affected p150 phosphorylation or its association with Shc and Grb2. M-CSF stimulation of fibroblast cell lines expressing exogenous murine Fms did not phosphorylate p150, and this protein was not detected either in cell lysates or in Grb2 or Shc immunoprecipitates. The p150 protein is not related to known signal transduction molecules and may be myeloid cell specific. These results suggest that M-CSF stimulation of myeloid cells could activate Ras through the nucleotide exchange factor Sos1 by Grb2 binding to either Fms, Shc, or p150 and that Fms signal transduction in myeloid cells differs from that in fibroblasts.
On Model Selection Consistency of Lasso (2006)

Sparsity or parsimony of statistical models is crucial for their proper interpretations, as in sciences and social sciences. Model selection is a commonly used method to find such models, but usually involves a computationally heavy combinatorial search. Lasso (Tibshirani, 1996) is now being used as a computationally feasible alternative to model selection. Therefore it is important to study Lasso for model selection purposes. In this paper, we prove that a single condition, which we call the Irrepresentable Condition, is almost necessary and sufficient for Lasso to select the true model both in the classical fixed $p$ setting and in the large $p$ setting as the sample size $n$ gets large. Based on these results, sufficient conditions that are verifiable in practice are given to relate to previous works and help applications of Lasso for feature selection and sparse representation. This Irrepresentable Condition, which depends mainly on the covariance of the predictor variables, states that Lasso selects the true model consistently if and (almost) only if the predictors that are not in the true model are "irrepresentable" (in a sense to be clarified) by predictors that are in the true model. Furthermore, simulations are carried out to provide insights and understanding of this result.
Analysis of TCP NewReno using rapid loss detection (2005)

Wireless communication environment is changing rapidly as we use new wireless communication technology such as WiBro to access high speed Internet. As a result, reliable data transmission using TCP is also expected to increase. Since TCP assumes that it is used in wired network, TCP suffers significant performance degradation over wireless network where packet losses are related to non-congestion loss. Especially RTO imposes a great performance degradation of TCP. In this paper, we analyze the loss recovery probabilities based on previous researches, and use simulation results of our algorithm to show that it prevents performance degradation by quickly detecting and recovery losses without RTO during fast recovery.
Multilevel phase-type diffractive lenses in silica glass induced by filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses (2004)

Multilevel phase-type diffractive lenses were fabricated by translating a filament of a femtosecond laser pulse into three-dimensional space inside synthesized silica. The profile of the lenses was designed by use of a multi-level approximation to a kinoform lens. Two-level diffractive lenses with multiple layers along the optical axis provided a maximum efficiency of 37.6% at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. A four-level diffractive lens provided a maximum efficiency of 56.9%. The lenses fabricated with filamentation were free from birefringence.
Masked Multiplexed Separations to Enhance Duty Cycle for Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (2021)

The experimental paradigm of one ion packet release per spectrum severely hinders throughput in broadband ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) systems (e.g., drift tube and traveling wave systems). Ion trapping marginally mitigates this problem, but the duty cycle deficit is amplified when moving to high resolution, long pathlength systems. As a consequence, new multiplexing strategies that maximize throughput while preserving peak fidelity are essential for high-resolution IMS separations [e.g., structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIMs) and multi-pass technologies]. Currently, broadly applicable deconvolution strategies for Hadamard-based ion multiplexing are limited to a narrow range of modulation sequences and do not fully maximize the ion signal generated during separation across an extended path length. Compared to prior Hadamard deconvolution errors that rely upon peak picking or discrete error classification, the masked deconvolution matrix technique exploits the knowledge that Hadamard transform artifacts are reflected about the central, primary signal [i.e., the true arrival time distribution (ATD)]. By randomly inducing mathematical artifacts, it is possible to identify spectral artifacts simply by their high degree of variability relative to the core ATD. It is important to note that the deweighting approach using the masked deconvolution matrix does not make any assumptions about the underlying transform and is applicable to any multiplexing strategy employing binary sequences. In addition to demonstrating a 100-fold increase in the total number of ions detected, the effective deconvolution of data from 5, 6, 7, and 8-bit pseudo-random sequences expands the utility and efficiency of the SLIM platform.
Automated stent coverage analysis in intravascular OCT (IVOCT) image volumes using a support vector machine and mesh growing (2019)

Absence of vascular-stent tissue coverage by IVOCT is a biomarker for potential stent-related thrombosis. We developed highly-automated algorithms to classify covered and uncovered struts and quantitatively evaluate stent apposition. We trained a machine learning model on 7,125 images, and included an active learning, relabeling step to improve noisy labels. We obtained uncovered strut classification sensitivity/specificity (94%/90%) comparable to analyst inter-and-intra-observer variability and AUC (0.97), and tissue coverage thickness measurement arguably better than the commercial product. By comparing classification models from regular and relabeled data sets, we observed robustness of the support vector machine to noisy data. A graph-based algorithm detected clusters of uncovered struts thought to pose a greater risk than isolated uncovered struts. The software enables highly-automated, objective, repeatable, comprehensive stent analysis.
Elevated stem cell marker CD133 mRNA in peripheral blood predicts colon cancer recurrence (2007)

10504 Background: CD133 is a specific stem cell marker that enriches cancer stem cells of many tumor types including colon cancer as well as circulating endothelial progenitors (CEP). CEP is vital in postnatal angiogenesis and elevated CEP is a proven favoable prognositic marker for heart disease but a potentially poor prognostic marker for cancer. We examined whether elevated CD133 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) predict recurrence in colon cancer patients. Methods: We developed and validated a semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR to quantify CD133 mRNA levels relative to GADPH mRNA. Sixty-six colon cancer patients were enrolled between February 2002 and December 2003. The protocol excluded patients with history of cardiac disease or surgery < 4 weeks from the enrollment and were followed for recurrence for a median 30 months. A central statistician performed multivariate unconditional logistics regression analysis. Results: Among the patients without recurrence, 93% had a CD133 mRNA level < 4.79, whereas 7% had a CD133 mRNA value ≥ 4.79 (p = 0.029). Among patients with a CD133 mRNA value ≥ 4.79, 85% had experienced recurrence compared to 15% of the patient who had no recurrence (p = 0.03). Elevated CD133 mRNA levels at a cut-off point ≥ 4.79 versus < 4.79 were associated with an odd ratio of 22.6 for recurrence (95% CI, 1.7–291.2; p = 0.02); in comparison, the odds ratio for recurrence was 17.2 (95% CI, 1.8–164; p = 0.01) for stage IV patients versus stage I-III patients. No other predictive variables for recurrence were identified including age, race, sex, tumor differentiation, smoking, and diabetes etc. We also observed an trend of association with elevated carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) levels (p = 0.03, one sided) and a decreased survival (p = 0.035, one sided) with elevated CD133 mRNA level at a cutoff point ≥ 4.79. Conclusions: Elevated CD133 mRNA levels at a cutoff ≥ 4.79 in PBMC predict colon cancer recurrence independent of stage IV disease. The current assay has certain advantages over flow cytometry for wider clinical application. CD133+ cells measured by CD133 mRNA may contain both CEP and cancer stem cells, leading to increased risks of recurrence. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
CD4+ Type II NKT Cells Mediate ICOS and Programmed Death-1–Dependent Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells. CD1d-restricted NKT lymphocytes have the ability to regulate immunity, including autoimmunity. We previously demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells, which carry diverse TCRs, prevented T1D in the NOD mouse model for the human disease. In this study, we show that CD4(+) 24αβ type II NKT cells, but not CD4/CD8 double-negative NKT cells, were sufficient to downregulate diabetogenic CD4(+) BDC2.5 NOD T cells in adoptive transfer experiments. CD4(+) 24αβ NKT cells exhibited a memory phenotype including high ICOS expression, increased cytokine production, and limited display of NK cell markers, compared with double-negative 24αβ NKT cells. Blocking of ICOS or the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway was shown to abolish the regulation that occurred in the pancreas draining lymph nodes. To our knowledge, these results provide for the first time cellular and molecular information on how type II CD1d-restricted NKT cells regulate T1D.
Efficient Defenses Against Adversarial Attacks (2017)

Following the recent adoption of deep neural networks (DNN) accross a wide range of applications, adversarial attacks against these models have proven to be an indisputable threat. Adversarial samples are crafted with a deliberate intention of undermining a system. In the case of DNNs, the lack of better understanding of their working has prevented the development of efficient defenses. In this paper, we propose a new defense method based on practical observations which is easy to integrate into models and performs better than state-of-the-art defenses. Our proposed solution is meant to reinforce the structure of a DNN, making its prediction more stable and less likely to be fooled by adversarial samples. We conduct an extensive experimental study proving the efficiency of our method against multiple attacks, comparing it to numerous defenses, both in white-box and black-box setups. Additionally, the implementation of our method brings almost no overhead to the training procedure, while maintaining the prediction performance of the original model on clean samples.
A Two-Stage Scheduler of Distributed Energy Resources (2007)

The paper presents a two-stage scheduler for the optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources (DER) connected to a distribution network. The proposed approach integrates a centralized day-ahead scheduler with an intra-day one. On the one hand, the day-ahead scheduler calculates the active power set points during the following day taking into account both technical and economic objectives and constraints. On the other hand, the intra-day scheduler takes into account the results of the day-ahead one and updates every 15 minutes the DERs set points for the optimization of the network voltage profiles. The paper describes the implementation of the proposed two-stage scheduler algorithm into a computer code based on a JavaScript link between Matlab and EMTP-RV simulation environments and presents the results obtained for the case of a network configuration adapted from the IEEE 34-node test distribution feeder.
Crystallization of Chicken Egg White Lysozyme from Sulfate Salts (1998)

It has been that chicken egg white lysozyme does not crystallize from sulfate, particularly ammonium sulfate, salts, but instead gives amorphous precipitates. This has been the basis of several studies using lysozyme comparing macromolecule crystal nucleation and amorphous precipitation. Recently Ries-Kautt et al (Acta Cryst D50, (1994) 366) have shown that purified isoionic CEWL could be crystallized from low concentrations of sulfate at basic pH, and we subsequently showed that in fact CEWL could be purified in both the tetragonal and orthorhombic forms using ammonium sulfate over the pH range 4.0 to 7.8 (Acta Cryst D53, (1997) 795). We have now extended these observations to include a range of common sulfate salts, specifically sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium, and manganese sulfates. In all cases but the manganese sulfates both the familiar tetragonal and orthorhombic forms were obtained, with unit cell dimensions close to those known for the classic sodium chloride crystallized forms. Manganese sulfate has only yielded orthorhombic crystals to date. All crystallizations were carried out using low (typically less than or equal to 6 M) salt and high (greater than approximately 90 mg/ml) protein concentrations. As with ammonium sulfate, the tetragonal - orthorhombic phase shift appears to be a function of both the temperature and the protein concentration, with higher temperatures and concentrations favoring the orthorhombic and lower the tetragonal form. The phase change range is somewhat reduced for the sulfate salts, depending upon conditions being typically between approximately 15 - 20 C. Both the magnesium and manganese sulfates gave crystals at salt concentrations over 0.6 M as well, with magnesium sulfate giving a very slowly nucleating and growing hexagonal form. A triclinic crystal form, characterized by aggressively small crystals (typically 0.1 mm in size) has been occasionally obtained from ammonium sulfate. Finally, preliminary spot solubility determinations have suggested that in some cases the solubility increases with increasing salt concentrations.
Cerebral magnetic resonance image synthesis. (1985)

The authors previously described magnetic resonance (MR) image synthesis, a process that enables the investigator to manipulate imaging parameters retrospectively and generate or "synthesize" the image that corresponds to various arbitrary scanning factors. They demonstrate the validity and utility of synthetic spin-echo images in cerebral imaging. As a test of their method, spin-echo images are synthesized for echo times identical to those of the original acquired images as well as for alternate values. Subjectively, the quality of synthetic and acquired images is comparable. It is shown quantitatively for several tissue types that the reconstructed synthetic signal matches the acquired signal within the uncertainty of the acquired images. Observed and measured noise levels in the acquired and synthetic images are comparable. Because of a signal-averaging effect, the synthetic images can have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the source images, thereby providing improved boundary definition. Applications of MR image synthesis are discussed with respect to potential reduction in scanning time. The advantages of image synthesis versus analysis of computed images are discussed.
Communication and Coexistence: Engineering Tools for Synthetic Microbial Ecosystems (2016)

The power of a single engineered organism is limited by its capacity for genetic modification. In order to circumvent the constraints of any singular microbe, a new frontier in synthetic biology is emerging: synthetic ecology, or the engineering of microbial consortia. In this thesis, we focus on engineering tools to facilitate communication and coexistence of microbial species in a synthetic ecosystem. Engineered microbial consortia are already being used to solve problems of waste recycling (Fulget et al., 1999), industrial fermentation (Chen, 2011; Patle and Lal, 2007), bioremediation (Dejonghe et al., 2003), and human health (Petrof et al., 2013; Khoruts et al., 2010; Shahinas et al., 2012), and we believe our tools will continue to further these advances. In Chapter One, I introduce the history and importance of synthetic biology and how engineering microbial ecosystems became the "second wave" of synthetic biology. In Chapter Two, I discuss the quorum sensing communication systems I developed in an effort to allow for complex social behavior across different members of a community. In Chapter Three, I discuss several applications utilizing the myriad of described quorum sensing systems. In Chapter Four, I discuss a method to stably co-culture two metabolically competitive species using a recently developed population control circuit (Din et al., 2016) in conjunction with my novel quorum sensing systems. We posit that such engineered microbial communities will outpace monocultures in their ability to perform complicated tasks, and these chapters combine to enumerate the tools weâve created to accelerate this emerging effort.
我走我路? 「青年生涯規劃活動資助計劃」中中學生的窄路未來 (2017)

文化研究在探索個人和集體的身份建構的過程中，以「主體」代替「自我」，而根據福柯對主體的論述，主體是要從特定的歷史和意識形態的語境中的一些方法所建構出來，他提出主體性是權力的產物（結果），並支配著主體的個體性。權力不單是負面的控制機制，更是生產自我的機制，例如醫院對性別和疾病進行分類；工作組織中制定的分工權屬；監獄、精神病院對犯罪和瘋癲的定義。種種命名和分類把主體固定在書寫中，促成了主體性的生產。而學校對知識和意識形態的灌輸，亦是一個由權力生產主體的機制。筆者下文將嘗試探討在民政事務局「青年生涯規劃活動資助計劃」中，「權力」的產生以及如何利用知識工具建構香港中學生，如何建構未來。
Neuroprotective effects of argon in an in vivo model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats* (2011)

We were able to demonstrate argon's neuroprotective effects in an in vivo experimental rat model of acute focal cerebral ischemia. Animals breathing spontaneously 50 vol % argon 1 hr after induction of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hr by face mask showed significantly reduced infarct volumes and composite adverse outcomes.
An Expedient Synthesis of Alkynyl Trifluoromethyl Sulfones (1988)

The hitherto difficultly attainable alkynyl trifluoromethyl sulfones 7 were prepared by the reaction of alkynyl sodium salts 6 with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1) in modest to good yields. The reactivity of 7 with different nucleophiles was studied.
A deeper sense of duty (1994)

This study examines the presence of the EWSR1 rearrangement in a variety of clear cell salivary gland carcinomas with myoepithelial differentiation. A total of 94 salivary gland carcinomas with a prominent clear cell component included 51 cases of clear cell myoepithelial carcinomas de novo (CCMC), 21 cases of CCMCs ex pleomorphic adenoma (CCMCexPA), 11 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), 6 cases of EMC with solid clear cell overgrowth, and 5 cases of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary glands. In addition, 10 cases of myoepithelial carcinomas devoid of clear cell change and 12 cases of benign myoepithelioma were included as well. All the tumors in this spectrum were reviewed, reclassified, and tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the EWSR1 rearrangement using the Probe Vysis EWSR1 Break Apart FISH Probe Kit. The EWSR1 rearrangement was detected in 20 of 51 (39%) cases of CCMC, in 5 of 21 (24%) cases of CCMCexPA, in 1 of 11 (9%) cases of EMC, and in 4 of 5 (80%) cases of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma. The 25 EWSR1-rearranged CCMCs and CCMCexPAs shared similar histomorphology. They were arranged in nodules composed of compact nests of large polyhedral cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Necrosis, areas of squamous metaplasia, and hyalinization were frequent features. Immunohistochemically, the tumors expressed p63 (96%), cytokeratin CK14 (96%), and S100 protein (88%). MIB1 index varied from 10% to 100%, with most cases in the 20% to 40% range. Clinical follow-up information was available in 21 cases (84%) and ranged from 3 months to 15 years (mean 5.2 y); 4 patients were lost to follow-up. Ten patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease in the follow-up period from 3 months to 15 years (mean 5 y), 3 patients are alive with recurrent and metastatic disease, and 8 died of disseminated cancer 9 months to 16 years after diagnosis (mean 6 y). Lymph node metastasis appeared in 5 patients within 5 months to 4 years after diagnosis (mean 22 mo), distant metastases were noted in 7 patients with invasion of orbit (2 cases), and in 1 case each metastasis to the neck soft tissues, liver, lungs, mediastinum, and thoracic vertebra was noted. We describe for the first time EWSR1 gene rearrangement in a subset of myoepithelial carcinomas arising in minor and major salivary glands. The EWSR1-rearranged CCMC represents a distinctive aggressive variant composed predominantly of clear cells with frequent necrosis. Most EWSR1-rearranged CCMCs of salivary glands are characterized by poor clinical outcomes.