gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contour people: A parameterized model of 2D articulated human shape (2010)

We define a new “contour person” model of the human body that has the expressive power of a detailed 3D model and the computational benefits of a simple 2D part-based model. The contour person (CP) model is learned from a 3D SCAPE model of the human body that captures natural shape and pose variations; the projected contours of this model, along with their segmentation into parts forms the training set. The CP model factors deformations of the body into three components: shape variation, viewpoint change and part rotation. This latter model also incorporates a learned non-rigid deformation model. The result is a 2D articulated model that is compact to represent, simple to compute with and more expressive than previous models. We demonstrate the value of such a model in 2D pose estimation and segmentation. Given an initial pose from a standard pictorial-structures method, we refine the pose and shape using an objective function that segments the scene into foreground and background regions. The result is a parametric, human-specific, image segmentation.
Distance-based modeling and manipulation techniques using ultrasonic gloves (2012)

We present a set of distance-based interaction techniques for modeling and manipulation, enabled by a new input device called the ultrasonic gloves. The ultrasonic gloves are built upon the original design of the pinch glove device for virtual reality systems with a tilt sensor and a pair of ultrasonic transducers in the palms of the gloves. The transducers are distance-ranging sensors that allow the user to specify a range of distances by natural gestures such as facing the palms towards each other or towards other surfaces. The user is able to create virtual models of physical objects by specifying their dimensions with hand gestures. We combine the reported distance with the tilt orientation data to construct virtual models. We also map the distance data to create a set of affine transformation techniques, including relative and fixed scaling, translation, and rotation. Our techniques can be generalized to different sensor technologies.
Replication and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice (2008)

Little information is known about infection, replication and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in species other than swine. Two sets of animal experiments were carried out to investigate the susceptibility of mice to PCV2 and to study their possible role in maintaining and transmitting the virus. In the first experiment 14 mice were inoculated with PCV2 by the intraperitoneal route with 5 x 10(2) TCID50 of the PCV2-ROM strain (Cadar et al., 2007). In a second experiment 24 mice were divided into two groups (A and B); mice in Group A (n = 18) were inoculated orally with 1 x 10(5) TCID50 PCV2-ROM and mice in Group B (n = 6) were left uninoculated until day 12 post inoculation (p.i.), when they were mixed with Group A. The animals were sacrificed at intervals for postmortem investigation and virus genome detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR results indicated that PCV2 could replicate in mice infected intraperitoneally or by the oral route, and that the virus can be transmitted directly from mouse to mouse.
Anti-AIDS Agents 69. Moronic Acid and Other Triterpene Derivatives as Novel Potent Anti-HIV Agents (2006)

In a continuing structure-activity relationship study of potent anti-HIV agents, seven new triterpene derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity. Among them, moronic acid derivatives 19, 20, and 21 showed significant activity in HIV-1 infected H9 lymphocytes. Compounds 19 and 20 were also evaluated against HIV-1 NL4-3 and drug resistant strains in the MT-4 cell line. Compounds 19 and 20 showed better antiviral profiles than the betulinic acid analogue 8 (PA-457), which has successfully completed a Phase IIa clinical trial. Compound 20 showed potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 0.0085 microM against NL4-3, 0.021 microM against PI-R (a multiple protease inhibitor resistant strain), and 0.13 microM against FHR-2 (an HIV strain resistant to 8). Promising compound 20 has become a new lead for modification, and further development of 20-related compounds as clinical trial candidates is warranted.
Modeling and Design Optimization of Capacitor Current Ramp Compensated Constant On-Time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V^{2}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Control (2017)

Constant on-time V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> control for point-of-load buck converters has instability issues in the cases that the output capacitors' RC time constants are small. This paper intensively studies the proposed solution using capacitor current ramp compensation, which is a superior solution featuring fast response and universality. A frequency-domain small-signal model based on describing function method is proposed in this paper. The time-domain large-signal response to the load step change is analyzed. The analysis illustrates the unique transient response behaviors of the capacitor current ramp compensated V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> control. The design optimization methodology based on frequency-domain and time-domain analysis is presented. The proposed model and the design guidelines are verified by the experimental results.
A 160 GHz Frequency Quadrupler based on Heterogeneous Integration of GaAs Schottky Diodes onto Silicon using SU-8 for Epitaxy Transfer (2018)

An integrated frequency quadrupler operating at 160 GHz, producing 100 mW of output power, and achieving peak efficiency of 25.5% is described. The quadrupler design is based on prior art and consists of GaAs Schottky diodes with epitaxy transferred to a micromachined silicon carrier forming a heterogeneously-integrated chip. A newly-developed fabrication process that eliminates high temperature annealing and utilizes SU-8 for adhesive bonding was employed to realize the circuit. The new process improves device yield and reliability compared to previous implementations.
Elliptically polarized whispering gallery modes in uniaxial crystal resonators (2012)

We investigated modes of a birefringent whispering gallery mode resonator whose optical axis is tilted with respect to its symmetry axis. Polarization eigenstates that have not been observed in other WGM configurations will be presented.
Production, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 (2003)

The domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is an important cause of allergic disease worldwide. The major cat allergen 1 (Fel d 1) has been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and refolded in a soluble form. Crystals of Fel d 1 were obtained in 13% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.8. The Fel d 1 crystals belong to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 43.3, b = 51.5, c = 67.7 A, and diffract to 1.9 A resolution.
Crystal Oscillators Operate Beyond Rated Frequencies (1990)

Amplifiers with single-pole frequency responses used in their roll-off regions. Class of crystal oscillators based on use of negative-voltage-gain amplifiers at frequencies well into roll-off frequency regions of their gain-versus-frequency curves. Defining characteristic helps keep costs of oscillators low; not necessary to use more expensive amplifiers that have flat frequency responses out to desired operating frequencies. Enables amplifier to produce phase shift necessary for oscillation, reducing cost further by eliminating need for some of passive components in oscillators of more conventional design.
Polyimides derived from a methylene‐bridged dianhydride (1992)

Abstract A series of linear aromatic polyimide films that are based on a novel methylene‐bridged dianhydride, 3,3′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylmethane dianhydride, have been synthesized and characterized. High molecular weight polyamic acids were prepared by combining this dianhydride with numerous aromatic diamines. The effects of thermal and chemical imidization of the polyamic acids are discussed as they relate to the dielectric constant, optical transparency, and solubility of the resulting polyimide films. The objective of this work was to obtain low dielectric, optically transparent, and soluble polyimides that can be easily processed as coatings or composite matrices for advanced aerospace and electronics applications.
Hierarchical Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Intra Prediction in HEVC (2015)

본 논문은 HEVC를 위한 고속의 화면 내 예측 알고리즘을 제안한다. HEVC 화면 내 예측은 DC, Planar와 35개의 각모드를 포함해 총 35개의 모드를 가지고 있다. 화면 내 예측의 연산량을 줄이고 고속의 모드 결정을 지원하기 위해 본 논문은 계층적모드 결정 방법(HMD)를 제안한다. 제안하는 HMD는 주로 후보 모드를 줄이는데 중점을 두고 있다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 HMD가 39.17%의 인코딩 시간 감소에도 불구하고 아주 작은 BDBR 성능 열화만 있는 것을 보여준다. 제안하는 HMD는 기존의 알고리즘에 비해 아주 작은 0.01 ∼ 0.42%의 BDBR 상승만을 가지고 인코딩 시간을 평균적으로 14,13% ∼ 19.37% 감소시킨다.
Q-enhancement through minimization of acoustic energy radiation in micromachined lateral-mode resonators (2009)

This paper describes a technique to increase the quality factor (Q) of lateral-mode piezoelectric resonators by reducing the amount of acoustic energy lost through the support tethers. Trenches are etched in the substrate layer surrounding the resonator at a specific distance from the resonator edge to function as an acoustic reflector. Resonators with optimized reflectors consistently show improved Q's compared to similar devices lacking the reflectors. The highest measured unloaded Q is 18,000 in vacuum (at ~115 MHz), upwards of 45% improvement over the highest Q recorded from the devices without reflectors.
Dynamics of Software Development Crowdsourcing (2016)

The emergence of online labor markets has concentrated a lot of attention on the prospect of using crowdsourcing for software development, with a potential to reduce costs, improve time-to-market, and access high-quality skills on demand. However, crowdsourcing of software development is still not widely adopted. A key barrier to adoption is a lack of confidence that a task will be completed on time with the required quality standards. While good managers can develop good, intuitive estimates of task completion when assigning work to their team members, they might lack similar intuition for individuals drawn from an online crowd. The phrase, "Post and Hope" is thus sometimes used when talking about the crowdsourcing of software-development tasks. The objective of this paper is to show the value of replacing the traditional, intuitive assessment of a team's capability with a quantitative assessment of the crowd, derived through analysis of historical performance on similar tasks. This analysis will serve to transform "Post and Hope" to "Post and Expect." We demonstrate this by analyzing data about tasks performed on two popular crowdsourcing platforms: Topcoder and Upwork. Analysis of historical data from these platforms indicates that the platforms indeed demonstrate some level of predictability in task completion. We have identified certain factors that consistently contribute to task completion on both the platforms. Our findings suggest that a data-driven decision processes can play an important role in successful adoption of crowdsourcing practice for software development.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic Lamb wave transducers using rectangular membranes (2003)

This paper details the theory, fabrication, and characterization of a new Lamb wave device. Built using capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), the structure described uses rectangular membranes to excite and receive Lamb waves on a silicon substrate. An equivalent circuit model for the transducer is proposed that produces results, which match well with those observed by experiment. During the derivation of this model, emphasis is placed on the resistance presented to the transducer membranes by the Lamb wave modes. Finite element analysis performed in this effort shows that the dominant propagating mode in the device is the lowest order antisymmetric flexural wave (A0). Furthermore, most of the power that couples into the Lamb wave is due to energy in the vibrating membrane that is transferred to the substrate through the supporting posts of the device. The manufacturing process of the structure, which relies solely on fundamental IC-fabrication techniques, is also discussed. The resulting device has an 18-microm-thick substrate that is almost entirely made up of crystalline silicon and operates at a frequency of 2.1 MHz. The characterization of this device includes S-parameter and laser vibrometer measurements as well as delay-line transmission data. The insertion loss, as determined by both S-parameter and delay-line transmission measurements, is 20 dB at 2.1 MHz. When configured as a delay-line oscillator, the device functions well as a sensor with sensitivity to changes in the mass loading of its substrate.
Investigation of Mixed Oxide Catalysts for NO Oxidation (2014)

The oxidation of engine-generated NO to NO2 is an important step in the reduction of NOx in lean engine exhaust because NO2 is required for the performance of the LNT technology [2], and it enhances the activities of ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts [1]. In particular, for SCR catalysts an NO:NO2 ratio of 1:1 is most effective for NOx reduction, whereas for LNT catalysts, NO must be oxidized to NO2 before adsorption on the storage components. However, NO2 typically constitutes less than 10% of NOx in lean exhaust, so catalytic oxidation of NO is essential. Platinum has been found to be especially active for NO oxidation, and is widely used in DOC and LNT catalysts. However, because of the high cost and poor thermal durability of Pt-based catalysts, there is substantial interest in the development of alternatives. The objective of this project, in collaboration with partner General Motors, is to develop mixed metal oxide catalysts for NO oxidation, enabling lower precious metal usage in emission control systems. [1] M. Koebel, G. Madia, and M. Elsener, Catalysis Today 73, 239 (2002). [2] C. H. Kim, G. S. Qi, K. Dahlberg, and W. Li, Science 327, 1624 (2010).
Anthropometric clothing measurements from 3D body scans (2019)

We propose a full processing pipeline to acquire anthropometric measurements from 3D measurements. The first stage of our pipeline is a commercial point cloud scanner. In the second stage, a pre-defined body model is fitted to the captured point cloud. We have generated one male and one female model from the SMPL library. The fitting process is based on non-rigid Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm that minimizes overall energy of point distance and local stiffness energy terms. In the third stage, we measure multiple circumference paths on the fitted model surface and use a non-linear regressor to provide the final estimates of anthropometric measurements. We scanned 194 male and 181 female subjects and the proposed pipeline provides mean absolute errors from 2.5 mm to 16.0 mm depending on the anthropometric measurement.
Increased Sensitivity to Agonist-Induced Seizures, Straub Tail, and Hippocampal Theta Rhythm in Knock-In Mice Carrying Hypersensitive α4 Nicotinic Receptors (2003)

We studied a strain of exon replacement mice (“L9′S knock-in”) whose α4 nicotinic receptor subunits have a leucine to serine mutation in the M2 region, 9′ position (Labarca et al., 2001); this mutation renders α4-containing receptors hypersensitive to agonists. Nicotine induced seizures at concentrations (1 mg/kg) approximately eight times lower in L9′S than in wild-type (WT) littermates. At these concentrations, L9′S but not WT showed increases in EEG amplitude and theta rhythm. L9′S mice also showed higher seizure sensitivity to the nicotinic agonist epibatidine, but not to the GABA A receptor blocker and proconvulsant bicuculline. Dorsiflexion of the tail (Straub tail) was the most sensitive nicotine effect found in L9′S mice (0.1 mg/kg). The L9′S mice were hypersensitive to galanthamine- and tacrine-induced seizures and Straub tails. There were no apparent neuroanatomical differences between L9′S and WT mice in several brain regions. [ 125 I]Epibatidine binding to brain membranes showed that the mutant allele was expressed at ∼25% of WT levels, presumably because of the presence of a neomycin selection cassette in a nearby intron. 86 Rb efflux experiments on brain synaptosomes showed an increased fraction of function at low agonist concentrations in L9′S mice. These data support the possible involvement of gain-of-function α4 receptors in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal-lobe epilepsy.
The Virtual Climate Data Server (vCDS): An iRODS-Based Data Management Software Appliance Supporting Climate Data Services and Virtualization-as-a-Service in the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (2012)

Scientific data services are becoming an important part of the NASA Center for Climate Simulation's mission. Our technological response to this expanding role is built around the concept of a Virtual Climate Data Server (vCDS), repetitive provisioning, image-based deployment and distribution, and virtualization-as-a-service. The vCDS is an iRODS-based data server specialized to the needs of a particular data-centric application. We use RPM scripts to build vCDS images in our local computing environment, our local Virtual Machine Environment, NASA s Nebula Cloud Services, and Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud. Once provisioned into one or more of these virtualized resource classes, vCDSs can use iRODS s federation capabilities to create an integrated ecosystem of managed collections that is scalable and adaptable to changing resource requirements. This approach enables platform- or software-asa- service deployment of vCDS and allows the NCCS to offer virtualization-as-a-service: a capacity to respond in an agile way to new customer requests for data services.
Principle of a Subcarrier Frequency-modulated Continuous-wave Radar in the Terahertz Band Using a Resonant-tunneling-diode Oscillator (2019)

We introduce a new principle for distance measurement using terahertz waves. The method relies on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar technique, in which a sawtooth frequency modulation is applied to a subcarrier of the terahertz-wave. We used a resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator as the terahertz-wave source. Our first experimental results in verifying the measurement principle are presented.
Tumor cell-endothelial interactions. Increased adhesion of human melanoma cells to activated vascular endothelium. (1988)

The authors examined the adhesion of seven human melanoma cell lines to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC) that were activated by cytokines or bacterial endotoxin. The adhesion of Hs 294T and MEL-24 cells was markedly increased (approximately 2 to 12-fold) after pretreatment of HEC monolayers for 6 hours with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, or endotoxin. Smaller increases were noted with the cell lines RPMI 7951, HT 144, Malme-3M, MEL-2, and no significant increase was observed with MEL-5. Cytokine and endotoxin effects on melanoma-HEC adhesion were concentration- and time-dependent, with onset by 2 hours, peak at 6-8 hours and maintenance through 48 hours. Cytokine induction of increased HEC adhesiveness for melanoma cells was blocked by actinomycin-D or cycloheximide, suggesting the requirement for RNA and protein synthesis. Interaction of melanoma cells with subendothelial matrix did not appear to play a primary role because: 1) phase contrast and electron microscopy revealed direct contact between tumor cells and endothelial cells in standardized monolayer adhesion assays; 2) increased adhesion (rosette formation) of tumor cells to activated HEC was also observed after nonenzymatic resuspension of HEC, and 3) the matrix peptide GRGDSP partially blocked (approximately 45%) Hs 294T cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix, but had little or no effect on adhesion to activated HEC monolayers. Taken together, these data suggest that inducible HEC surface changes may mediate the adhesion of certain melanoma cells, thereby exerting an active influence over the metastatic process.
Coordinating regulation and demand response in electric power grids using multirate model predictive control (2011)

We propose a framework for reducing demand-supply imbalances in the grid, by jointly controlling both the supply-side electric power regulation together with the demand-side energy consumption by residential and commercial consumers demand response. We focus on performance improvements that arise from the complementary dynamics: regulation allows for frequent control updates but suffers from slower dynamics; demand response has faster dynamics but does not allow as frequent control updates. We propose a multirate model predictive control (MPC) approach for coordinating the two services, and we refer to this coordinator as an aggregator. Multirate MPC captures the varying dynamics and update rates, and nonlinearities due to saturation and ramp rate limits, and a total variation constraint limits the switching of the demand response signal. Our approach can operate with both direct reference or indirect market price based imbalance signal. Numerical examples are presented to show the efficacy of this joint control approach.
Roles of <i>TUP1</i> in Switching, Phase Maintenance, and Phase-Specific Gene Expression in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2002)

Candida albicans strain WO-1 switches spontaneously and reversibly between a "white" and "opaque" phenotype that affects colony morphology, cellular phenotype, and expression of a number of phase-specific genes and virulence traits. To assess the role of the transcription regulator Tup1p in this phenotypic transition, both TUP1 alleles were deleted in the mutant delta tup1. Delta tup1 formed "fuzzy large" colonies made up of cells growing exclusively in the filamentous form. Delta tup1 cells did not undergo the white-opaque transition, but it did switch spontaneously, at high frequency (approximately 10(-3)), and unidirectionally through the following sequence of colony (and cellular) phenotypes: "fuzzy large" (primarily hyphae) --> "fuzzy small" (primarily pseudohyphae) --> "smooth" (primarily budding yeast) --> "revertant fuzzy" (primarily pseudohyphae). Northern analysis of white-phase, opaque-phase, and hypha-associated genes demonstrated that Tup1p also plays a role in the regulation of select phase-specific genes and that each variant in the delta tup1 switching lineage differs in the level of expression of one or more phase-specific and/or hypha-associated genes. Using a rescued delta tup1 strain, in which TUP1 was placed under the regulation of the inducible MET3 promoter, white- and opaque-phase cells were individually subjected to a regime in which TUP1 was first downregulated and then upregulated. The results of this experiment demonstrated that (i) downregulation of TUP1 led to exclusive filamentous growth in both originally white- and opaque-phase cells; (ii) the white-phase-specific gene WH11 continued to be expressed in TUP1 downregulated cultures originating from white-phase cells, while WH11 expression remained repressed in TUP1-downregulated cultures originating from opaque-phase cells, suggesting that cells maintained phase identity in the absence of TUP1 expression; and (iii) subsequent upregulation of TUP1 resulted in mass conversion of originally white-phase cells to the opaque phase and maintenance of originally opaque-phase cells in the opaque phase and in the resumption in both cases of switching, suggesting that TUP1 reexpression turns on the switching system in the opaque phase.