gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-field optical sectioning for live-tissue imaging by plane-projection multiphoton microscopy (2011)

Optical sectioning provides three-dimensional (3D) information in biological tissues. However, most imaging techniques implemented with optical sectioning are either slow or deleterious to live tissues. Here, we present a simple design for wide-field multiphoton microscopy, which provides optical sectioning at a reasonable frame rate and with a biocompatible laser dosage. The underlying mechanism of optical sectioning is diffuser-based temporal focusing. Axial resolution comparable to confocal microscopy is theoretically derived and experimentally demonstrated. To achieve a reasonable frame rate without increasing the laser power, a low-repetition-rate ultrafast laser amplifier was used in our setup. A frame rate comparable to that of epifluorescence microscopy was demonstrated in the 3D imaging of fluorescent protein expressed in live epithelial cell clusters. In this report, our design displays the potential to be widely used for video-rate live-tissue and embryo imaging with axial resolution comparable to laser scanning microscopy.
Low-Power Circuits for Brain-Machine Interfaces (2007)

This paper presents work on ultra-low-power circuits for brain-machine interfaces with applications for paralysis prosthetics, prosthetics for the blind, and experimental neuroscience systems. The circuits include a micropower neural amplifier with adaptive power biasing for use in multi-electrode arrays; an analog linear decoding and learning architecture for data compression; radio-frequency (RF) impedance modulation for low-power data telemetry; a wireless link for efficient power transfer; mixed-signal system integration for efficiency, robustness, and programmability; and circuits for wireless stimulation of neurons. Experimental results from chips that have recorded from and stimulated neurons in the zebra-finch brain and from RF power-link systems are presented. Circuit simulations that have successfully processed prerecorded data from a monkey brain and from an RF data telemetry system are also presented.
Genetic heterogeneity in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: possible correlation with clinical phenotype. (1994)

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is an autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia characterised by recurrent haemorrhage. Our initial linkage studies found an HHT gene to be localised to 9q3 in two large kindreds. In the present study, we examine an additional five unrelated HHT families. Linkage analysis in this region resulted in a peak multipoint location score of 13.03, 10 cM proximal of D9S60. We found significant evidence for heterogeneity of HHT. Multipoint analysis supports the family specific two point studies with odds of 3,000,000:1 showing linkage and heterogeneity over linkage and homogeneity. Four of the seven families give a posterior probability of > 99% of being of the linked type, and three families appear unlinked to this region of 9q, and by multipoint analysis completely exclude the candidate region for HHT. Two new crossovers in affected persons in one of the linked families further define the proximal border of the candidate region on 9q3. A possible correlation in clinical phenotype between the 9q3 linked families and unlinked families is described. Although six of the seven families clearly meet the clinical criteria for HHT diagnosis, a significant absence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is seen in all three 9q3 unlinked families. Genetic heterogeneity of HHT and its potential correlation with a clinical phenotype may have a significant impact on the clinical management and treatment of HHT patients.
Chemical modification of fortimicins IV. Preparation of 4,2'-di-N-substituted fortimicin B derivatives. (1981)

2-Aminoethyl, glycyl, (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl and (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl groups were introduced to the 2'-amino group of 4-N-[(S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]fortimicin B (2). All of the derivatives of this type prepared showed antibacterial activity almost as strong as fortimicin A (1) and were also active against fortimicin A resistant bacteria which can inactivate fortimicin A by producing an inactivating enzyme AAC(3)-I.
Inherent Robustness of Minimal Modeling Discrete-Time Adaptive Control to Flight Anomalies (2008)

We present a discrete-time adaptive control law that is efiective for systems that are unstable, MIMO, and/or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm provides guidelines concerning the modeling information needed for implementation. This information includes a su‐cient number of Markov parameters to capture the sign of the highfrequency gain as well as the nonminimum-phase zeros. No additional information about the poles or the zeros need be known. We present numerical examples to illustrate the robustness of the algorithm under conditions of uncertainty.
Optimal path routing in single- and multiple-clock domain systems (2003)

Shrinking process geometries and the increasing use of intellectual property components in system-on-chip designs give rise to new problems in routing and buffer insertion. A particular concern is that cross-chip routing will require multiple clock cycles. Another is the integration of independently clocked components. This paper explores simultaneous routing and buffer insertion in the context of single- and multiple-clock domains. We present two optimal and efficient polynomial algorithms that build upon the dynamic programming fast path framework. The first algorithm solves the problem of finding the minimum latency path for a single-clock domain system. The second considers routing between two components that are locally synchronous yet globally asynchronous to each other. Both algorithms can be used for interconnect planning. Experimental results verify the correctness and practicality of our approach.
First-in-human uPAR PET: Imaging of Cancer Aggressiveness (2015)

A first-in-human clinical trial with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in patients with breast, prostate and bladder cancer, is described. uPAR is expressed in many types of human cancers and the expression is predictive of invasion, metastasis and indicates poor prognosis. uPAR PET imaging therefore holds promise to be a new and innovative method for improved cancer diagnosis, staging and individual risk stratification. The uPAR specific peptide AE105 was conjugated to the macrocyclic chelator DOTA and labeled with (64)Cu for targeted molecular imaging with PET. The safety, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution profile and radiation dosimetry after a single intravenous dose of (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 were assessed by serial PET and computed tomography (CT) in 4 prostate, 3 breast and 3 bladder cancer patients. Safety assessment with laboratory blood screening tests was performed before and after PET ligand injection. In a subgroup of the patients, the in vivo stability of our targeted PET ligand was determined in collected blood and urine. No adverse or clinically detectable side effects in any of the 10 patients were found. The ligand exhibited good in vivo stability and fast clearance from plasma and tissue compartments by renal excretion. In addition, high uptake in both primary tumor lesions and lymph node metastases was seen and paralleled high uPAR expression in excised tumor tissue. Overall, this first-in-human study therefore provides promising evidence for safe use of (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 for uPAR PET imaging in cancer patients.
Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory (2018)

Given their potential for significant property improvements relative to their large grained counterparts, much work has been devoted to the continued development of nanocrystalline metals. Despite these efforts, the transition of these materials from the lab bench to actual applications has been blocked by the inability to produce large scale parts that retain the desired nanocrystalline microstructures. Following the development of a method proven to stabilize the nanosized grain structure to temperatures approaching that of the melting point for the given metal, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has progressed to the next stage in the development of these materials - namely the production of large scale parts suitable for testing and evaluation in a range of relevant test environments. This report provides a broad overview of the ongoing efforts in the processing, characterization, and consolidation of these materials at ARL. In particular, focus is placed on the methodology used for producing the nanocrystalline metal powders, in both small and large-scale amounts, that are at the center of ongoing research efforts.
A Chemoenzymatic Approach toward the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of <i>O</i> -GlcNAc Posttranslational Modifications (2003)

We report a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the rapid and sensitive detection of O-GlcNAc posttranslational modifications. The approach exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins. Once transferred, the ketone moiety serves as a versatile handle for the attachment of biotin, thereby enabling chemiluminescent detection of the modified protein. Importantly, this approach permits the rapid visualization of proteins that are at the limits of detection using traditional methods. Moreover, it bypasses the need for radioactive precursors and captures the glycosylated species without perturbing metabolic pathways. We anticipate that this general chemoenzymatic strategy will have broad application to the study of posttranslational modifications.
48.4: Flexible Liquid Crystal Display Film by Plasma Alignment Method (2007)

Abstract A plasma‐beam‐irradiated PI film has been used in flexible liquid crystal display manufacturing. The beam had energy of 450 eV and incident angle of 70° with respect to normal flexible indium‐zinc‐oxide coated substrate. The pretilt angle and anchoring energy of LCs on plasma aligned PI surface were almost identical to those on rubbing aligned PI surface. However, the optical performance of plasma aligned cell was superior to the rubbing cell under various bending conditions. Furthermore, such non‐contact alignment technology is suitable for large area and roll‐to‐roll fabrication of flexible LC films.
Leish-111f, a Recombinant Polyprotein Vaccine That Protects against Visceral Leishmaniasis by Elicitation of CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2007)

The Leishmania-derived recombinant polyprotein Leish-111f or its three component proteins, thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA), Leishmania major stress-inducible protein 1 (LmSTI1), and Leishmania elongation initiation factor (LeIF), have previously been demonstrated to be efficacious against cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans. In this study we demonstrate that Leish-111f is also a vaccine antigen candidate against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum. We evaluated the immune response and protection induced by Leish-111f formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A in a stable emulsion (Leish-111f+MPL-SE) and demonstrated that mice developed strong humoral and T-cell responses to the vaccine antigen. Analysis of the cellular immune responses of immunized, uninfected mice demonstrated that the vaccine induced a significant increase in CD4(+) T cells producing gamma interferon, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor cytokines, indicating a Th1-type immune response. Experimental infection of immunized mice and hamsters demonstrated that Leish-111f+MPL-SE induced significant protection against L. infantum infection, with reductions in parasite loads of 99.6%, a level of protection greater than that reported for other vaccine candidates in animal models of VL. Taken together, our results suggest that this vaccine represents a good candidate for use against several Leishmania species. The Leish-111f+MPL-SE product we report here is the first defined vaccine for leishmaniasis in human clinical trials and has completed phase 1 and 2 safety and immunogenicity testing in normal, healthy human subjects.
Correlation of Marek's disease herpesvirus vaccine virus genome load in feather tips with protection, using an experimental challenge model (2007)

We previously developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for absolute quantitation of serotype 1 Marek's disease virus in feather tips of chickens, and this has been used clinically to monitor a flock's response following vaccination with CVI988, an attenuated serotype 1 strain. The level of vaccine virus in feather tips associated with protection against challenge by virulent virus is not known. Here, we used an experimental challenge model, in which one dose of vaccine gives over 90% protection against mortality, to investigate correlation between the CVI988 level in feathers and protection. One-day-old chickens were vaccinated with 1, 0.1 or 0.01 commercial dose of CVI988 vaccine, and were then challenged with a virulent strain (RB-1B) 14, 21 or 28 days later. Replication of CVI988 virus was followed in each bird by real-time PCR analysis of feather DNA samples. Since the PCR does not differentiate between CVI988 and RB-1B, samples were taken only prior to challenge to ensure that the virus being measured was CVI988. Administration of one dose of vaccine ensured a uniform, rapid and high replication amongst birds, while replication following administration of the 0.1 or 0.01 dose was very variable. However, given time, a low early level of vaccine virus eventually replicated to high levels in some birds. Both the dose of vaccine virus administered and the level of vaccine virus in feather tips at 13 days post vaccination showed significant correlation with protection against challenge. A level of CVI988 vaccine virus of 132 genome copies/10000 feather tip cells was calculated to be the level required for 90% protection in this experimental model. The potential of this assay, and its limitations for monitoring protection in the field, are discussed.
Thermoluminescence analysis of aerosols (1979)

Method is presented for identifying air pollutants in field or laboratory by technique based on thermoluminescence. Approach is useful in tracing dispersion of pollutants over geographical regions and in determining cancer causing agents in the upper atmosphere.
Protograph-Based Design for QC Polar Codes (2021)

We propose a new family of polar coding which realizes high coding gain, low complexity, and high throughput by introducing a protograph-based design. The proposed technique called as quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes can be highly parallelized without sacrificing decoding complexity. We analyze short cycles in the protograph polar codes and develop a design method to increase the girth. Our approach can resolve the long-standing unsolved problem that belief propagation (BP) decoding does not work well for polar codes due to the inherently short cycles. We demonstrate that a high lifting factor of QC polar codes can improve the performance and that QC polar codes with BP decoding can outperform conventional polar codes with state-of-the-art list decoding. Moreover, we show that a greedy pruning method can improve the performance-complexity trade-off.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene coding for methanol oxidase in<i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> (1985)

The structural gene and the regulatory DNA sequence of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha methanol oxidase have been isolated. According to the nucleotide sequence data obtained, the structural gene encodes a 664 amino acids long protein, contains no intervening sequences, and the 5'- and 3'-non-coding region contains several sequences implicated in transcription initiation and termination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the methanol oxidase is translocated to the peroxisomes, no cleavable signal sequence was found at the N-terminus of the protein.
Multiscale AM-FM Demodulation and Image Reconstruction Methods With Improved Accuracy (2010)

We develop new multiscale amplitude-modulation frequency-modulation (AM-FM) demodulation methods for image processing. The approach is based on three basic ideas: (i) AM-FM demodulation using a new multiscale filterbank, (ii) new, accurate methods for instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation, and (iii) multiscale least squares AM-FM reconstructions. In particular, we introduce a variable-spacing local linear phase (VS-LLP) method for improved instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation and compare it to an extended quasilocal method and the quasi-eigen function approximation (QEA). It turns out that the new VS-LLP method is a generalization of the QEA method where we choose the best integer spacing between the samples to adapt as a function of frequency. We also introduce a new quasi-local method (QLM) for IF and IA estimation and discuss some of its advantages and limitations. The new IF estimation methods lead to significantly improved estimates. We present different multiscale decompositions to show that the proposed methods can be used to reconstruct and analyze general images.
Multi-loop scalable video codec based on high efficiency video coding (HEVC) (2013)

A multi-loop scalable video coder for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) is proposed in this paper. A coding unit (CU)-level inter-layer sample prediction tool is proposed to exploit redundancy between enhancement-layer and up-sampled base-layer pictures. To reduce decoded picture buffer size and memory bandwidth in a multi-loop decoder, a hierarchical inter-layer prediction tool is proposed as well using two picture-level flags. The proposed solution requires minimum amount of changes relative to the single-layer HEVC codec to support HEVC scalable coding, and provides a good complexity and coding efficiency trade-off as revealed by the experimental results.
A novel frequency beam-steering antenna array at Y-band (2014)

In this article, a novel frequency beam-scanning phased array antenna operating at Y-band is presented. The proposed antenna is a travelling-wave antenna, with cavity-backed patch arrays as the radiating elements. The array generates a very narrow beam (less than 2.5°) at the broadside of the antenna with ±25° steering capability. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated using silicon micromachining with high level of accuracy and low mass and cost. Moreover, a novel waveguide-probe near-field measurement setup is introduced and utilized to characterize the radiation characteristics of the micromachined beam-steering antenna and an excellent agreement between the measurement and full-wave simulation results is shown.
Code Compression for VLIW Processors (2001)

In embedded system design, memory has been one of the most restricted resources. Reducing program size has been an important goal when designing an embedded system. Most of the previous work on code compression has targeted RISC architectures. Recently VLIW processors became very popular, particularly for signal processing. Decompression speed is especially important for VLIW architectures given that the length of the instruction word is long. Furthermore, modem VLIW architectures use flexible instruction formats, which require new code compression approaches. Previous work has assumed that instruction positions within the long instruction word correspond to specific functional units. In contrast, our code compression algorithm is capable of compressing flexible instruction formats, where any functional unit can be used for any position in the instruction word. We demonstrate our methods by applying it to the TMS320C6x architecture. We also compare two techniques for decompressing the VLIW instruction packet to reduce the decompression time. A fast parallel decompression architecture is described, which is implemented in TSMC 0.25 technology.
An effective BIST scheme for carry-save and carry-propagate array multipliers (2002)

Array multipliers, due to their high regularity, are efficiently designed as parts of complex VLSI devices. Such embedded multipliers have low controllability and observability, making the use of appropriate BIST schemes a necessity. This paper introduces a very effective BIST scheme for carry-propagate and carry-save array multipliers. The deterministic BIST patterns produced by the Test Pattern Generator provide a fault coverage larger than 99%. The required Test Pattern Generator consists of a simple binary counter or maximum length LFSR of a fixed size (8-bits), independent of the size of the multiplier. For Output Data Evaluation a count-based scheme is adopted. The novel BIST scheme does not require any DFT in the multiplier design and is generic, i.e. independent of specific implementations of the multiplier cells.
Dialog state tracking, a machine reading approach using a memory-enhanced neural network. (2016)

In an end-to-end dialog system, the aim of dialog state tracking is to accurately estimate a compact representation of the current dialog status from a sequence of noisy observations produced by the speech recognition and the natural language understanding modules. A state tracking module is primarily meant to act as support for a dialog policy but it can also be used as support for dialog corpus summarization and other kinds of information extraction from transcription of dialogs. From a probabilistic view, this is achieved by maintaining a posterior distribution over hidden dialog states composed, in the simplest case, of a set of context dependent variables. Once a dialog policy is defined, deterministic or learnt, it is in charge of selecting an optimal dialog act given the estimated dialog state and a defined reward function. This paper introduces a novel method of dialog state tracking based on the general paradigm of machine reading and proposes to solve it using a memory-enhanced neural network architecture. We evaluate the proposed approach on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC-2) dataset that has been converted for the occasion in order to fit the relaxed assumption of a machine reading formulation where the true state is only provided at the very end of each dialog instead of providing the state updates at the utterance level. We show that the proposed tracker gives encouraging results. Finally, we propose to extend the DSTC-2 dataset with specific reasoning capabilities requirement like counting, list maintenance, yes-no question answering and indefinite knowledge management.
Fast DCT domain image shifting and merging (2001)

In high-speed color image processing applications, the manipulation of DCT domain images in real time is often required. Because of throughput requirements, operations necessary for the building of a printer page, such as merging and shifting, cannot be performed in the sampled domain since the overhead associated with the DCT slows computation. In this paper we present an efficient method for the merging or shifting of JPEG-compressed images, performed in the DCT domain to avoid additional overhead. The algorithm exploits quantization to achieve further gains. The resulting algorithm can save between 25 % and 75 % of the required operation cycles in a typical image processing system.