gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in reflection from AlXGa_1−XAs heterostructures (1993)

Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic (SH) generation in reflection geometry is described and demonstrated. The SH intensity can be strongly enhanced by spatially modulating the optical properties of the nonlinear medium. This type of quasi-phase-matching is demonstrated by using an Al0.8Ga0.2As/GaAs heterostructure designed for λ = 1.06 μm incident light. The SH light intensity generated in reflection from the heterostructure is enhanced 70 times relative to the SH response of a homogeneous GaAs wafer. A resonant cavity design that employs this structure to make thin films with extremely high SH generation efficiencies is proposed.
Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-Promoted Efficient Carbonate and Carbamate Synthesis on Solid Phase (2000)

[reaction: see text] Mild and efficient preparation of alkyl carbonates and carbamates on solid supports is described herein. Alcohols or amines were coupled with Merrifield's resin through a CO(2) linker in the presence of cesium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI).
Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: Bound modes of symmetric structures (2000)

The purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation supported by symmetric wave guide structures comprised of a thin lossy metal film of finite width embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric have been characterized at optical wavelengths. The modes supported are divided into four families depending on the symmetry of their fields. In addition to the four fundamental modes that exist, numerous higher order ones are supported as well. A nomenclature suitable for identifying all modes is discussed. The dispersion of the modes with film thickness and width has been assessed and the effects of varying the background permittivity on the characteristics of the modes determined. The frequency dependence of one of the modes has been investigated. The higher order modes have a cutoff width, below which they are no longer propagated and some of the modes have a cutoff thickness. One of the fundamental modes supported by the structure exhibits very interesting characteristics and is potentially quite useful. It evolves with decreasing film thickness and width towards the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave supported by the background (an evolution similar to that exhibited by the ${s}_{b}$ mode in symmetric metal film slab wave guides), its losses and phase constant tending asymptotically towards those of the TEM wave. Attenuation values can be well below those of the ${s}_{b}$ mode supported by the corresponding metal film slab wave guide. Low mode power attenuation in the neighborhood of 10 to 0.1 dB/cm is achievable at optical communications wavelengths, with even lower values being possible. Carefully selecting the film's thickness and width can make this mode the only long-ranging one supported. In addition, the mode can have a field distribution that renders it excitable using an end-fire approach. The existence of this mode renders the finite-width metal film wave guide attractive for applications requiring short propagation distances and two-dimensional field confinement in the transverse plane.
[Cancer of the prostate: biologic bases for the use of an antiandrogen in its treatment]. (1986)

Although orchiectomy, estrogens and LHRH agonists suppress testicular androgens, they are without effect on adrenal androgens which are converted into dihydrotestosterone in the prostate. It is therefore necessary to develop substances able to block the action of all androgens, whatever their source, on target organs. The non-steroid, Anandron (RU 23908), when administered orally, gives rise to a high and sustained plasma level of intact compound that inhibits testosterone binding to its receptor. This inhibition, however, occurs not only in the prostate but also in the pituitary. The negative feedback action of androgens is thus inhibited by Anandron resulting in an increased secretion of testosterone and explaining the necessity of combining Anandron with castration (whether surgical or medical by an LHRH agonist). Anandron opposes, on the one hand, the action of adrenal androgens and, on the one other, of the testosterone surge that occurs during the early days of treatment with the LHRH analog. The efficacy of the combined treatment has been demonstrated experimentally. Clinical trials are presently underway.
Multiple HLA Class II-Restricted Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Are Recognized by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes from a Patient with Melanoma (2002)

Dramatic clinical responses were observed in patient 888 following the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Previously, extensive analysis of the specificity of class I-restricted T cells from patient 888 TIL has revealed that these T cells recognize a mutated, as well as several nonmutated tumor Ags. Additional studies that were conducted on TIL from patient 888 indicated that they contained CD4-positive T cells that recognized the autologous tumor that had been induced to express HLA class II molecules. Tumor-reactive CD4-positive T cell clones were isolated from TIL and tested for their ability to react with Ags that are recognized by HLA class I-restricted, melanoma-reactive T cells. Using this approach, T cell clones were identified that recognized an epitope expressed in both the tyrosinase-related protein 1 and tyrosinase-related protein 2 Ags in the context of the HLA-DRbeta1*1502 class II gene product. Additional clones were found to recognize an epitope of gp100 in the context of the same HLA-DR restriction element. These observations provide an impetus to develop strategies directed toward generating HLA class II-restricted tumor-reactive T cells.
Cadherin Fragments from <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Synergize <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry4Ba's Toxicity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Larvae (2009)

A peptide from cadherin AgCad1 of Anopheles gambiae larvae was reported as a synergist of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Cry4Ba's toxicity to the Anopheles mosquito (G. Hua, R. Zhang, M. A. Abdullah, and M. J. Adang, Biochemistry 47:5101-5110, 2008). We report that CR11 to the membrane proximal extracellular domain (MPED) (CR11-MPED) and a longer peptide, CR9 to CR11 (CR9-11), from AgCad1 act as synergists of Cry4Ba's toxicity to Aedes aegypti larvae, but a Diabrotica virgifera virgifera cadherin-based synergist of Cry3 (Y. Park, M. A. F. Abdullah, M. D. Taylor, K. Rahman, and M. J. Adang, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:3086-3092, 2009) did not affect Cry4Ba's toxicity. Peptides CR9-11 and CR11-MPED bound Cry4Ba with high affinity (13 nM and 23 nM, respectively) and inhibited Cry4Ba binding to the larval A. aegypti brush border membrane. The longer CR9-11 fragment was more potent than CR11-MPED in enhancing Cry4Ba against A. aegypti.
LOW-LOSS POLARIZATION PRESERVING FIBER BY PREFORM DEFORMATION (1985)

The new technique described as preform deformation1 can now produce kilometer lengths of uniform birefringent fiber with excellent polarization holding characteristics and low optical losses. Typical losses are within 0.3 dB/km of the best fibers of any kind over the entire useful spectral range from the blue to the infrared. These noncircular birefringent fibers have several inherent advantages. The external shape is approximately rectangular which facilitates location of the principal axis and orientation of the fiber for various applications. The flat shape also reduces polarization breakdown from some perturbations such as bending.2 The fibers typically have round cores of pure or weakly-doped silica, numerical apertures consistant with existing communications fibers and are made by techniques compatible with existing MCVD technology.
High-efficiency free-form condenser overcoming rotational symmetry limitations (2008)

Conventional condensers using rotational symmetric devices perform far from their theoretical limits when transferring optical power from sources such as arc lamps or halogen bulbs to the rectangular entrance of homogenizing prisms (target). We present a free-form condenser design (calculated with the SMS method) that overcomes the limitations inherent to rotational devices and can send to the target 1.8 times the power sent by an equivalent elliptical condenser for a 4:1 target aspect ratio and 1.5 times for 16:9 target and for practical values of target etendue.
Gaucher disease associated with a unique Kphl restriction site: identification of the amino‐acid substitution (1990)

In an earlier survey of the glucocerebrosidase locus using 20 restriction enzymes and a 1039 bp probe we found that 1 of 9 Gaucher disease patients had a unique pattern with KpnI. a pattern that was not observed in any other Gaucher patient or in 31 controls. We have now localized the mutation in this patient to a T----A transversion in nucleotide 764 of the cDNA occurring on one of the two glucocerebrosidase alleles. The presumed abnormality in the other allele has not been identified. The deduced amino-acid change in the allele with the mutation at nucleotide 764 is a relatively drastic alteration of amino acid 255 from phenylalanine to tyrosine. The genomic DNAs of 31 other Gaucher disease patients (representing 62 Gaucher disease alleles) were examined for this mutation using the polymerase chain reaction. None were found to have this abnormality.
An Externally Pressurized Supersonic Gas Thrust Bearing (1st Report, Static Characteristics in Supersonic Operations) (1984)

A completely new type of externally pressurized gas thrust bearing is proposed and its static characteristics are analyzed. Unlike conventional gas bearings whose load capacity depends on the viscosity of gas, the load capacity of this new type of bearing is independent of the viscosity of gas since it utilizes the choking phenomenon of gas flow to maintain high pressure in the bearing clearance. Also the change of the location of the throat generates bearing stiffness. Since the flow is supersonic at the exit of the bearing clearance, the flow conditions downstream of the exit do not affect the flow inside the bearing clearance. Accordingly, the load capacity increases proportionally to the supply pressure. Thus, the main disadvantage of conventional gas bearings, namely, the deficiency of their load capacity is overcome.
Multifunctional nanocomposite structural separators for energy storage (2019)

Separators in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are critical elements between the much-researched anodes and cathodes. Here we present a new comprised of electrically-insulating aligned alumina nanotubes, which realizes a structural, or mechanically robust, function in addition to allowing charge transfer. The polymer nanocomposite structural separator is demonstrated in a supercapacitor cell and also as an interface reinforcement in an aerospace-grade structural carbon fiber composite. Relative to a polymeric commercial separator, the structural separator shows advantages both electrically and structurally: ionic conductivity in the supercapacitor cell is doubled due to the nanotubes disrupting the semi-crystallinity in the polymer electrolyte, and the structural separator creates an interface that is 50% stronger in the advanced composite. In addition to providing direct benefits to existing energy storage devices, the structural separator is best suited to multifunctional structural energy storage applications.
Highly Potent First Examples of Dual Aromatase−Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors based on a Biphenyl Template (2010)

Single agents against multiple drug targets are of increasing interest. Hormone-dependent breast cancer (HDBC) may be more effectively treated by dual inhibition of aromatase and steroid sulfatase (STS). The aromatase inhibitory pharmacophore was thus introduced into a known biphenyl STS inhibitor to give a series of novel dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs). Several compounds are good aromatase or STS inhibitors and DASI 20 (IC(50): aromatase, 2.0 nM; STS, 35 nM) and its chlorinated congener 23 (IC(50): aromatase, 0.5 nM; STS, 5.5 nM) are examples that show exceptional dual potency in JEG-3 cells. Both biphenyls share a para-sulfamate-containing ring B and a ring A, which contains a triazol-1-ylmethyl meta to the biphenyl bridge and para to a nitrile. At 1 mg/kg po, 20 and 23 reduced plasma estradiol levels strongly and inhibited liver STS activity potently in vivo. 23 is nonestrogenic and potently inhibits carbonic anhydrase II (IC(50) 86 nM). A complex was crystallized and its structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. This class of DASI should encourage further development toward multitargeted therapeutic intervention in HDBC.
Structure of antigenic determinants in the <i>N</i>-terminal region of dermatosparactic sheep procollagen type I (1979)

About half of the rabbit antisera raised against type-I procollagen, p alpha 1(I) chain or nonreduced procollagen peptides reacted in a radioimmunoassay with the reduced form of peptide Col 1, which comprises the whole non-collagenous region at the N-terminus of procollagen. Proteolytic fragments prepared from reduced peptide Col 1 were still effective inhibitors of the antibodies and allowed the localization of two antigenic determinants. The antigenically active regions have the sequences less than Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Gln-Glu and Gly-Asp-Thr-Gly-Pro-Arg, and are located at the N- and C-termini of the peptide respectively. Antibodies raised against reduced peptide Col 1 bind to a determinant localized in a different region of the peptide.
Stability of the 1,4-bis(2′-haloethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dication (1981)

Certain derivatives of the 1,4-bis(2′-haloethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dication system ranging from dibromide 2b to ethanesulfonate 2g were found to be quite stable under essentially neutral conditions. A very convenient synthesis of 1,4-bis(2′-chloroethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.1]heptane dichloride (2d) was developed in order to compare the relative stability of this system with that of dibromide 2b. While dichloride 2d was found to be less stable than dibromide 2b, it did prove very useful for rapid preparation of other anion derivatives such as dinitrate 2e, dihydrogen dimaleate 2h, diperiodate 2i, tetrachloroplatinate 2j, and tetrachloroaurate 2k. At temperatures near 150 °C, or upon ignition (in the open) or gentle shock, diperiodate2i detonated violently. The ethanesulfonate 2g was obtained from diperchlorate 2a employing an ion-exchange procedure. Stabilization of dication 2 provides an unusual heterocyclic system with exceptional anticancer properties.
Effects of Linear Filter on Stability and Performance of Human-in-the-Loop Model Reference Adaptive Control Architectures (2017)

Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) can effectively handle various challenges of the real world control problems including exogenous disturbances, system uncertainties, and degraded modes of operations. In human-in-the-loop settings, MRAC may cause unstable system trajectories. Basing on our recent work on the stability of MRAC-human dynamics, here we follow an optimization based computations to design a linear filter and study whether or not this filter inserted between the human model and MRAC could help remove such instabilities, and potentially improve performance. To this end, we present a mathematical approach to study how the error dynamics of MRAC could favorably or detrimentally influence human operator’s error dynamics in performing a certain task. An illustrative numerical example concludes the study.
In Vivo Synthesis of Mammalian-Like, Hybrid-Type N-Glycans in<i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2004)

The Pichia pastoris N-glycosylation pathway is only partially homologous to the pathway in human cells. In the Golgi apparatus, human cells synthesize complex oligosaccharides, whereas Pichia cells form mannose structures that can contain up to 40 mannose residues. This hypermannosylation of secreted glycoproteins hampers the downstream processing of heterologously expressed glycoproteins and leads to the production of protein-based therapeutic agents that are rapidly cleared from the blood because of the presence of terminal mannose residues. Here, we describe engineering of the P. pastoris N-glycosylation pathway to produce nonhyperglycosylated hybrid glycans. This was accomplished by inactivation of OCH1 and overexpression of an alpha-1,2-mannosidase retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase retained in the Golgi apparatus. The engineered strain synthesized a nonsialylated hybrid-type N-linked oligosaccharide structure on its glycoproteins. The procedures which we developed allow glycan engineering of any P. pastoris expression strain and can yield up to 90% homogeneous protein-linked oligosaccharides.
Surface Wear Monitoring with a Non - Vibrating Capacitance Probe (1995)

This study concerns the design and development of the non-vibrating capacitance probe which could be used as a non-contact sensor for tribological wear. This device detects surface charge through temporal variation in the work function of a material. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the operation of the probe on a roating aluminum shaft. The reference electrode of the probe, made of lead, is placed adjacent (
A Two‐Step Method for Transferring Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes onto a Hydrogel Substrate (2016)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-hydrogel nanocomposites are beneficial for various biomedical applications, such as nerve regeneration, tissue engineering, sensing, or implant coatings. Still, there are impediments to developing nanocomposites, including attaining a homogeneous CNT-polymer dispersion or patterning CNTs on hydrogels. While few approaches have been reported for patterning CNTs on polymeric substrates, these methods include high temperature, high vacuum or utilize a sacrificial layer and, hence, are incompatible with hydrogels as they lead to irreversible collapse in hydrogel structure. In this study, a novel two-step method is designed to transfer CNTs onto hydrogels. First, dense CNTs are grown on quartz substrates. Subsequently, hydrogel solutions are deposited on the quartz-grown CNTs. Upon gelation, the hydrogel with transferred CNTs is peeled from the quartz. Successful transfer is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and indirectly by cell attachment. The efficient transfer is attributed to π-interactions pregelation between the polymers in solution and the CNTs.
Carbon Quantum Dots Fluorescent Tracers for Production and Well Monitoring (2016)

Abstract Tracer technology is a very efficient diagnostic tool for the oil and gas industry to obtain valuable information about reservoirs. The interpretation of tracers that have traversed the reservoir reveals reservoir characteristics such as inter-well connections, heterogeneities, and water movements that can be used to improve hydrocarbon recovery efforts. Commonly used tracers are radioactive elements and stable isotopes, chemicals, such as fluorescent dyes, and inorganic ions. Novel carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-based fluorescent tracers have been proposed for production and well monitoring. One-step electrochemical synthesis of CQDs from low molecular weight chemical precursors through electrochemical carbonization was developed. The doping of CQDs with heteroatoms such as nitrogen provides differentiated fluorescence emission signatures that can be used to monitor multiple stages of frac operations.
Dendritic Luminescent Gold(III) Complexes for Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2012)

Emissionskontrolle: Carbazolbasierte dendritische Alkinylgold(III)-Komplexe wurden als phosphoreszierende Emitter in organischen Leuchtdioden getestet. Die Energie und bathochrome Verschiebung der Emissionen kann effektiv über die Dendrimergeneration eingestellt werden (siehe Spektren). Die optimierten Bauteile weisen hohe Strom- und externe Quanteneffizienzen bis 24.0 cd A−1 bzw. 7.8 % auf.
<i>In Vitro</i> Assessment of Combinations of Enterovirus Inhibitors against Enterovirus 71 (2016)

Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics. No antiviral therapies are currently available for treating EV-A71 infections. Here, we selected five reported enterovirus inhibitors (suramin, itraconazole [ITZ], GW5074, rupintrivir, and favipiravir) with different mechanisms of action to test their abilities to inhibit EV-A71 replication alone and in combination. All selected compounds have anti-EV-A71 activities in cell culture. The combination of rupintrivir and ITZ or favipiravir was synergistic, while the combination of rupintrivir and suramin was additive. The combination of suramin and favipiravir exerted a strong synergistic antiviral effect. The observed synergy was not due to cytotoxicity, as there was no significant increase in cytotoxicity when compounds were used in combinations at the tested doses. To investigate the potential inhibitory mechanism of favipiravir against enterovirus, two favipiravir-resistant EV-A71 variants were independently selected, and both of them carried an S121N mutation in the finger subdomain of the 3D polymerase. Reverse engineering of this 3D S121N mutation into an infectious clone of EV-A71 confirmed the resistant phenotype. Moreover, viruses resistant to ITZ or favipiravir remained susceptible to other inhibitors. Most notably, combined with ITZ, rupintrivir prevented the development of ITZ-resistant variants. Taken together, these results provide a rational basis for the design of combination regimens for use in the treatment of EV-A71 infections.
Image based physiological monitoring of cardiac function (2008)

A new framework for image based physiological cardiac monitoring is proposed based on repeated imaging of critical slice locations in an interventional MRI environment. The aim of this work is to provide a method of detecting pathological changes in the left ventricular (LV) myocardial wall motion where the standard ECG methods are not possible due to distortions by the magnetic field. First MRI LV short axis images are acquired for different phases of the cardiac cycle over RR intervals. Then LV contours are detected based on an established segmentation algorithm. The contour's Fourier Descriptors are calculated to classify myocardial wall into two classes: <i>contracted or not contracted</i>. The classifier is trained during an initial observation period before a pathological change might occur during an intervention. A contour rejected by the classifier using the unconditional, predictive probability of the contour's observation vector as confidence measure is interpreted as a probably pathologic change in the LV myocardial wall motion. To evaluate the performance of the classifier a simple model is introduced for simulating the contours of a pathological, ischemic, LV myocardial wall. The overall performance of the classifier on 516 samples based on healthy volunteer images and 3096 simulated ischemic samples yielded a mean classification error for supervised training of 5.7% and for unsupervised training of 8.7%.
Magnetohydrodynamic electrode. [ceramic--metal composite] (1976)

A ceramic-metal composite suitable for use in a high-temperature environment consists of a refractory ceramic matrix containing 10 to 50 volume percent of a continuous high-temperature metal reinforcement. In a specific application of the composite, as an electrode in a magnetohydrodynamic generator, the one surface of the electrode which contacts the MHD fluid may have a layer of varying thickness of nonreinforced refractory ceramic for electrode temperature control. The side walls of the electrode may be coated with a refractory ceramic insulator. Also described is an electrode-insulator system for a MHD channel.