gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Sensitivity of Human Leukemic T Cell Lines and B Cell Lines to Growth Inhibition by Deoxyadenosine (1978)

Abstract Previous experiments have suggested that the lymphospecific toxicity associated with inherited deficiencies of the enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) (adenosine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) (purine-nucleoside orthophosphate ribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.1) is mediated by toxic purine deoxyribonucleotides, which are selectively trapped in lymphoid tissues enriched in purine deoxyribonucleoside kinase. This hypothesis, however, does not fully explain the greater impairment of T as opposed to B cell functions seen in ADA and particularly PNP deficiency. In the present experiments we have compared the inhibitory effects of deoxyadenosine and adenosine, the natural substrates of ADA, on three leukemic T cell lines and three B cell lines in long-term tissue culture. The leukemic T cell lines were 20-fold more sensitive than the B cell lines to the toxic effects of deoxyadenosine, but not adenosine. In the presence of the ADA inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride, 2.6 µM deoxyadenosine inhibited leukemic T cell growth by 50%. The increased sensitivity of the T cell lines to deoxyadenosine was associated with the accumulation of intracellular deoxyadenosine triphosphate (deoxyATP), and with inhibition of DNA but not RNA synthesis. In both the T and B cell lines, deoxyadenosine toxicity could be reversed by the addition of deoxycytidine to the culture medium. Among other toxic compounds tested, the leukemic T cells were several-fold more sensitive than the B cells to thymidine, a known ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. Thus leukemic T cells in vitro appear to be very susceptible to the toxic effects of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. Purine deoxyribonucleoside analogs that are not substrates for adenosine deaminase or purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and thymidine analogs that are not substrates for thymidine phosphorylase, may have potential value as T cell-selective chemotherapeutic agents.
Unique residues in the ATP gated human P2X7 receptor define a novel allosteric binding pocket for the selective antagonist AZ10606120 (2017)

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for ATP is a therapeutic target for pathophysiological states including inflammation, pain management and epilepsy. This is facilitated by the predicted low side effect profile as the high concentrations of ATP required to activate the receptor are usually only found following cell damage/disease and so P2X7Rs respond to a "danger" signal and are not normally active. AZ10606120 is a selective antagonist for P2X7Rs (IC<sub>50</sub> of ~10 nM) and ineffective at the P2X1R (at 10 μM). To determine the molecular basis of selectivity we generated a series of P2X7/1R chimeras and mutants. Two regions that are unique to the P2X7R, a loop insertion (residues 73-79) and threonine residues T90 and T94, are required for high affinity antagonist action. Point mutations ruled out an orthosteric antagonist site. Mutations and molecular modelling identified an allosteric binding site that forms at the subunit interface at the apex of the receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that unique P2X7R features regulate access of AZ10606120 to the allosteric site. The characterisation of the allosteric pocket provides a new and novel target for rational P2X7R drug development.
[Effect of tumor vascular invasion upon cardio-pulmonary exercise functions in patients with lung cancer]. (2010)

The amount of oxygen uptake, exercise ability and cardiac function during exercise decrease in patients of lung cancer with tumor vascular invasion. The main reason is the number of the invaded vessels.
The contribution of human/non-human animal chimeras to stem cell research (2017)

Chimeric animals are made up of cells from two separate zygotes. Human/non-human animal chimeras have been used for a number of research purposes, including human disease modeling. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) research has relied upon the chimera approach to examine the developmental potential of stem cells, to determine the efficacy of cell replacement therapies, and to establish a means of producing human organs. Based on ethical issues, this work has faced pushback from various sources including funding agencies. We discuss here the essential role these studies have played, from gaining a better understanding of human biology to providing a stepping stone to human disease treatments. We also consider the major ethical issues, as well as the current status of support for this work in the United States.
Myocardial regeneration by transplantation of modified endothelial progenitor cells expressing <scp>SDF</scp>‐1 in a rat model (2012)

Cell based therapy has been shown to attenuate myocardial dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) in different acute and chronic animal models. It has been further shown that stromal-cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) facilitates proliferation and migration of endogenous progenitor cells into injured tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of exogenously applied and endogenously mobilized cells in a regenerative strategy for MI therapy. Lentivirally SDF-1α-infected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were injected after 90 min. of ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) intramyocardial and intracoronary using a new rodent catheter system. Eight weeks after transplantation, echocardiography and isolated heart studies revealed a significant improvement of LV function after intramyocardial application of lentiviral with SDF-1 infected EPCs compared to medium control. Intracoronary application of cells did not lead to significant differences compared to medium injected control hearts. Histology showed a significantly elevated rate of apoptotic cells and augmented proliferation after transplantation of EPCs and EPCs + SDF-1α in infarcted myocardium. In addition, a significant increased density of CD31(+) vessel structures, a lower collagen content and higher numbers of inflammatory cells after transplantation of SDF-1 transgenic cells were detectable. Intramyocardial application of lentiviral-infected EPCs is associated with a significant improvement of myocardial function after infarction, in contrast to an intracoronary application. Histological results revealed a significant augmentation of neovascularization, lower collagen content, higher numbers of inflammatory cells and remarkable alterations of apoptotic/proliferative processes in infarcted areas after cell transplantation.
Purification and Characterization of Ovine Astrovirus (1981)

Astrovirus, purified in aggregated form from epithelial cells of the small intestinal villi of infected gnotobiotic lambs, was shown to have a single-stranded RNA genome with an S value of 34 and poly(A) tract. Only two major capsid polypeptides were detected with similar mol. wt. of approx. 3.3 x 10(4).
Constraint-directed search : a case study of job-shop scheduling (2018)

Robotics Institute
[Simulation of N2O emissions in agroecosystems]. (2002)

A numerical model for simulating N2O emissions in agroecosystem was established. Validation of the model with the observed data showed that the model simulated the process of N2O emissions in fields fairly well. The numerical analysis showed that the N2O emissions were interrelated well with average temperature during rice growth periods. Analysis of N2O emissions and meteorological factors by using power spectrum found that the change of N2O emissions had 7-9 year cycles. Sensitivity test showed that the N2O emission increased with temperature enhancement.
Referral Programs and Customer Value (2010)

Referral programs have become a popular way to acquire customers. Yet there is no evidence to date that customers acquired through such programs are more valuable than other customers. The authors address this gap and investigate the extent to which referred customers are more profitable and more loyal. Tracking approximately 10,000 customers of a leading German bank for almost three years, the authors find that referred customers (1) have a higher contribution margin, though this difference erodes over time; (2) have a higher retention rate, and this difference persists over time; and (3) are more valuable in both the short and the long run. The average value of a referred customer is at least 16% higher than that of a nonreferred customer with similar demographics and time of acquisition. However, the size of the value differential varies across customer segments; therefore, firms should use a selective approach for their referral programs.
Millimeter wave complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor on-chip hexagonal ferrite circulator (2014)

Hexagonal ferrites, such as BaFe12O19 and SrFe12O19, have strong uniaxial anisotropic magnetic field and remanent magnetism. By employing these properties, magnetic devices, such as phase shifter, isolator and circulator, can work up to tens of GHz frequency range without strong external magnetic field or even self-biasing. As the monolithic microwave integrated circuit extends to higher millimeter wave frequencies, the demand for high performance integrated passive magnetic components is more and more eminent. The micro- and nano-sized hexagonal ferrite can be conveniently utilized to fabricate magnetic components integrated in CMOS circuits via post processing. A nano-ferrite circulator working at 60 GHz is designed, fabricated, and integrated into the CMOS front end for the first time.
Cortical Consolidation due to Increased Mineralization and Endosteal Contraction in Young Adult Men: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study (2011)

aBMD decreased at the hip but increased at the spine and radius, in which the increment was explained by continued mineralization and augmented cortical thickness due to endosteal contraction in men between ages 19 and 24 yr.
Modeling of DDR5 signaling from jitter sequences to accurate bit error rate (BER) (2017)

Intel's signal integrity (SI) analysis for memory in the server segment has neither considered correlated jitter nor handled jitter amplification over channel when performing fast analytical signaling analyses. This inaccuracy is no longer feasible with the intended data rates of DDR5. Here, we propose a DDR5 flow that starts from jitter sequences or histograms and ends with signaling analysis via FastBER that can comprehend jitter amplification over I/O channels regardless of whether Tx jitter is correlated or uncorrelated. The paper contributes results of large scale testing of FastBER signaling in such a scenario and also offers solutions to practical issues like jitter extrapolation and time-margin skew due to setup and hold asymmetry.
Methodological Issues in Diabetes Research: Measuring adherence (1992)

The prevalence of nonadherence in IDDM and NIDDM populations and conceptual and methodological issues relevant to measuring diabetes regimen adherence are reviewed. The prevalence of nonadherence varies across the different components of the diabetes regimen, during the course of the disease, and across the patient's life span. Although prevalence rates might be expected to differ between IDDM and NIDDM populations, this rarely has been evaluated. Conceptual problems in defining and measuring adherence include: the absence of explicit adherence standards against which the patient's behavior can be compared; inadvertent noncompliance attributable to patient-provider miscommunication and patient knowledge/skill deficits; the behavioral complexity of the diabetes regimen; and the confounding of compliance with diabetes control. Methods for measuring adherence include: health status indicators, provider ratings, behavioral observations, permanent products, and patient self-reports, including behavior ratings, diaries, and 24-h recall interviews. A measurement method should be selected on the basis of reliability, validity, nonreactivity, sensitivity to the complexity of diabetes regimen behaviors, and measurement independence from the patient's health status. The timing of measurements should be based on the stability of adherence behaviors and temporal congruity with other measures of interest (e.g., indexes of metabolic control). Directions for future research and suggestions for clinical practice are provided.
Nanotechnology-Based Vaccines for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Potentials and Challenges of Conventional and Novel Adjuvants under Research (2020)

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases demands efficient therapeutic strategies for their mitigation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal rather than symptomatic treatment method available for allergy. Currently, AIT is being administered using immune response modifiers or adjuvants. Adjuvants aid in the induction of a vigorous and long-lasting immune response, thereby improving the efficiency of AIT. The successful development of a novel adjuvant requires a thorough understanding of the conventional and novel adjuvants under development. Thus, this review discusses the potentials and challenges of these adjuvants and their mechanism of action. Vaccine development based on nanoparticles is a promising strategy for AIT, due to their inherent physicochemical properties, along with their ease of production and ability to stimulate innate immunity. Although nanoparticles have provided promising results as an adjuvant for AIT in in vivo studies, a deeper insight into the interaction of nanoparticle-allergen complexes with the immune system is necessary. This review focuses on the methods of harnessing the adjuvant effect of nanoparticles by detailing the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response, which includes allergen uptake, processing, presentation, and induction of T cell differentiation.
Differential regulation of endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeleton on low‐density polyethylene by nanotopography and surface chemistry modification induced by argon plasma treatment (2007)

Plasma treatment of polymer surfaces can modify the nanoscale roughness, wettability, and oxygen surface functionalities. However, how these modifications regulate cell behavior is not well understood. The objective of this investigation was to examine adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeleton of vascular endothelial cells seeded on low-density polyethylene surfaces modified by Ar plasma. In the absence of serum, adhesion and spreading of the cells and actin filament assembly were enhanced by high-energy Ar plasma-induced hydrophilicity and formation of C-O groups at the surface. Although serum increased cell adhesion and spreading on untreated surfaces for a relatively short period, this behavior was not stable for a long time. In contrast to the untreated polymer surfaces, serum suppressed cell adhesion and spreading on the plasma-treated surfaces. The preadsorption of albumin from the bovine serum on the polymer surfaces inhibited cell adhesion and spreading. Results demonstrate the differential effects of Ar plasma-induced surface modifications on endothelial cell behavior and provide insight into complex interactions among polymer surfaces, adsorbed proteins, and cells. The findings of this study have significant implications in surface engineering for vascular repair.
The optimization and design of the auto-exposure algorithm based on image entropy (2015)

In order to make the CMOS image sensor exposure automatically and correctly in different environment, this paper presents an improved algorithm based on image entropy. Image entropy is the information measure of image. Thus, with the purpose of getting the most appropriate exposure time, we can search the maximum information entropy. What's more, by using the formula manipulation of image entropy and the piecewise linearization of the log function, the algorithm grasps the overall change rule and avoids the traditional precise calculation, which can save the computing time greatly and reduce the use of the resource. Meanwhile, simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm, which leaves a strong foundation for the hardware realization of the CMOS image sensor auto-exposure.
Galangin Induces Autophagy through Upregulation of p53 in HepG2 Cells (2012)

Our results indicate that galangin not only induced apoptosis but also prompted cell autophagy indifferent concentrations. Galangin mediates autophagy through a p53-dependent pathway in HepG2 cells. Our findings may help in the discovery of a chemotherapeutic drug with the novel pattern of inhibiting cell proliferation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Numerical simulation of deep-UV avalanche photodetectors (2014)

We have studied the performance of deep-UV avalanche photodetectors based on AlGaN alloys. We have evaluated the carrier multiplication gains and excess noise factors using a model based on recurrence equations and activated ionization coefficients derived from a full-band Monte Carlo model. We find that for devices with Al<sub>0.4</sub>Ga<sub>0.6</sub>N the excess noise factor increases linearly with the gain. When Al<sub>0.6</sub>Ga<sub>0.4</sub>N is used, the excess noise factor is significantly reduced. Finally, from the analysis of the possible device configurations, electric field distribution and its magnitude, we find that the fabrication of these devices will be challenging and alternative approaches should be considered.
Expression of Trichoderma reesei cellulases CBHI and EGI in Ashbya gossypii (2010)

To explore the potential of Ashbya gossypii as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins and to assess whether protein secretion would be more similar to the closely related Saccharomyces cerevisiae or to other filamentous fungi, endoglucanase I (EGI) and cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) from the fungus Trichoderma reesei were successfully expressed in A. gossypii from plasmids containing the two micron sequences from S. cerevisiae, under the S. cerevisiae PGK1 promoter. The native signal sequences of EGI and CBHI were able to direct the secretion of EGI and CBHI into the culture medium in A. gossypii. Although CBHI activity was not detected using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D: -lactoside as substrate, the protein was detected by Western blot using monoclonal antibodies. EGI activity was detectable, the specific activity being comparable to that produced by a similar EGI producing S. cerevisiae construct. More EGI was secreted than CBHI, or more active protein was produced. Partial characterization of CBHI and EGI expressed in A. gossypii revealed overglycosylation when compared with the native T. reesei proteins, but the glycosylation was less extensive than on cellulases expressed in S. cerevisiae.
Application of lasers in bladder cancer (1992)

The Nd:YAG laser enables endoscopic destruction of bladder tumors under excellent viewing conditions in a specific and calculable way for induction of homogeneous necroses with simultaneous occlusion of blood and lymphatic vessels. The low local relapse rate, in contrast to that with TUR, is remarkable. By Nd:YAG laser application in combination with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy we were able to reduce the cystectomy rate significantly in recent years.
Analysis of pathogen resistance and risk factors in ICU hospitalized patients with HAP (2016)

Objective To explore the characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in ICU hospitalized patients w ith hospital acquired hospital-acquired pneumonia( HAP),and to analyze the relevant risk factors,in order to provide basis for the clinical treatment of HAP. Methods A total of 405 ICU hospitalized patients from December 2011 to February 2015 in our hospital w ere selected and the clinical data w as retrospectively analyzed. The distribution of pathogens and the main pathogen resistance w as analyzed. The related risk factors in ICU hospitalized patients w ith HAP w ere analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Totally 146 patients acquired HAP among 405 ICU hospitalized patients,infection rate being 36. 05%; 184 pathogens w ere detected,including gram-negative bacteria,positive bacteria and fungi being 125,48 and 11 strains,w hich accounted for 67. 93%,26. 09% and 5. 98%. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae to vancomycin w as low.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the use of sedative drugs,the ICU time > 7 d and patients receiving surgery w ere independent risk factor( P < 0. 05) in ICU hospitalized patients. Conclusion ICU hospitalized patients infected w ith broad pathogens and related risk factors of HAP are abundant. Appropriate measures should be taken and rational use of antimicrobial drugs should be made to reduce resistance rates and hospital infection rates.
<title>Subsurface screening of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils via laser-induced fluorometry over optical fibers with a cone penetrometer system</title> (1993)

A novel field screening method is described that couples a fiber optic based chemical sensor system to a truck mounted cone penetrometer. The system provides the capability for real- time, in situ measurement of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination and soil type to depths of 50 m. The technique uses a hydraulic ram in a truck with a 20 ton reaction mass to push an instrumented probe into the ground. Fluorescence is excited through a sapphire window in the probe by 337 nm light from a pulsed nitrogen laser. The excitation pulse is transmitted down the probe over a 100 m silica clad silica optical fiber. The resulting fluorescence from aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil is returned to the surface over a second fiber, dispersed with a spectrograph, and quantified with an intensified linear photodiode array. Field test data is presented that demonstrates how the system can be used for rapid three-dimensional delineation of a POL (Petroleum-Oil-Lubricant) contaminant plume at a hazardous waste site. Fluorescent fingerprints from 14 samples of 9 fuel types are used to show how spectral differences can be used for identifying contaminant sources. The effects of volatilization of different fuel types on the measured fluorescent signal are discussed.
Molecular response to treatment redefines all prognostic factors in children and adolescents with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results in 3184 patients of the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 study (2010)

The Associazione Italiana di Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica and the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000) study has for the first time introduced standardized quantitative assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) based on immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements as polymerase chain reaction targets (PCR-MRD), at 2 time points (TPs), to stratify patients in a large prospective study. Patients with precursor B (pB) ALL (n = 3184) were considered MRD standard risk (MRD-SR) if MRD was already negative at day 33 (analyzed by 2 markers, with a sensitivity of at least 10(-4)); MRD high risk (MRD-HR) if 10(-3) or more at day 78 and MRD intermediate risk (MRD-IR): others. MRD-SR patients were 42% (1348): 5-year event-free survival (EFS, standard error) is 92.3% (0.9). Fifty-two percent (1647) were MRD-IR: EFS 77.6% (1.3). Six percent of patients (189) were MRD-HR: EFS 50.1% (4.1; P < .001). PCR-MRD discriminated prognosis even on top of white blood cell count, age, early response to prednisone, and genotype. MRD response detected by sensitive quantitative PCR at 2 predefined TPs is highly predictive for relapse in childhood pB-ALL. The study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00430118 for BFM and NCT00613457 for AIEOP.