gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Laser Bit Beside of Common Bits to Drilling Slim Holes (2013)

Abstract: The capability level of rotary as well as first generation drilling operation could not be matched for deeply drilling programs. To reach that deep, the increasing in drill string length could also cause an additional constraint on hydraulic performance. The operation of slim hole drilling has significant potential to reduce well costs. This cost might be savings are especially important with increased demand for reduced capital finance under current economic conditions in the Iranian oil and gas industry. This savings achievement could be caused by use of smaller drilling rigs, work over rigs, reduced casing size, reducing requirement for drilling consumables and other costs associated with hole size. Otherwise, using laser irradiation for drilling operation can save cost little more higher look like do not using casing and perforation in reservoir layer for slim hole which are drilled by high power laser systems. As the matter of fact, Cost savings achieved from slim hole drilling could be offset by inability to effectively transmit the weight to the bit, increased mechanical failures of drill pipes and tools and reduced the well bore instability effects in particular, in drilling operation at greater depths This paper investigates the effects of borehole parameters during laser drilling operations in the case of slim hole. Introduction: For last 30 years old experiments and studies had shown laser drilling as benefit technical operation[27]. The earliest studies were resulting enhancing tunneling machines to be used to mining industry improved by lasers tools[21][22]. Lasers start works on industry with very low power but produced large wavelengths and it wasn't safe for industrial use The old methods of Drilling was the Rotary operation and drilling industry was developing[1][6]. Since the rotary drilling superseded cable tools drilling, there was a huge break for the oil industry when cable tool drilling had been replaced to the rotary drilling[18]. Developing started almost a century earlier, the basic method of using them was to reach gas and oil reservoir in our formations[24]. The current drill bits are very widely used tool for rough layer and drilled them in non-metallic goods in general and in step by step based products in regular. It's most widespread use is encountered in the home construction industry, really weak on the case for plumbing and electrical installations[23].
HoloCity – exploring the use of augmented reality cityscapes for collaborative understanding of high-volume urban sensor data (2019)

This research presents an application for visualizing the real-world cityscapes and massive transport network performance data sets in Augmented Reality (AR) using the Microsoft HoloLens, or any equivalent hardware. This runs in tandem with numerous emerging applications in the growing worldwide Smart Cities movement and industry. Specifically, this application seeks to address visualization of both real-time and aggregated city data feeds - such as weather, traffic and social media feeds. The software is developed in extensible ways, and it able to overlay various historic and live data sets coming from multiple sources.
Gelation Kinetics of an Organically Cross-Linked Gel at High Temperature and Pressure (2006)

Abstract Due to their thermal stability, organically cross-linked gels have been used to control water production in high temperature applications. Most of these gels consist of a polyacrylamide-based polymer and an organic cross-linker. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been used as an organic cross-linker for polyacrylamide-based copolymers. Recent work indicated that PEI can form ringing gels with polyacrylamide homopolymers (PAM). However, no study reported on the kinetics of PAM/PEI gels. The gelling system examined in the present study is based on a PAM cross-linked with PEI. This paper will show for the first time the possibility of cross-linking polyacrylamide with PEI at high temperatures and pressures. Therefore, the gelation time of the PAM cross-linked with PEI at high temperatures up to 285°F (140°C) and pressures up to 435 psi (30 bars) was measured. The effects of polymer concentration, cross-linker concentration, temperature, salinity and the initial degree of hydrolysis of the polymer on the gelation time were examined in detail. All measurements were conducted in the steady shear mode at low shear rates using an Anton-Paar high temperature/high pressure viscometer. C13 Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy (C13 NMR) was extensively used to relate gelation time to changes in the structure of the polymer and hence, explain the variation in the gelation time in terms of the system chemistry. Thermally stable gels were obtained by cross-linking PEI and PAM at high temperatures (120°C) for at least 2 weeks. The activation energy of this system at high temperatures in distilled water was found to be 71.3 kJ/mol. The addition of sodium ions increased the activation energy to 88 kJ/mol.
Validation of Instantaneous Respiratory Rate Using Reflectance PPG from Different Body Positions (2018)

Respiratory rate (RR) is a key parameter used in healthcare for monitoring and predicting patient deterioration. However, continuous and automatic estimation of this parameter from wearable sensors is still a challenging task. Various methods have been proposed to estimate RR from wearable sensors using windowed segments of the data; e.g., often using a minimum of 32 s. Little research has been reported in the literature concerning the instantaneous detection of respiratory rate from such sources. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a method to estimate instantaneous respiratory rate (IRR) from body-worn reflectance photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. The proposed method relies on a nonlinear time-frequency representation, termed the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform (WSST). We apply the latter to derived modulations of the PPG that arise from the act of breathing.We validate the proposed algorithm using (i) a custom device with a PPG probe placed on various body positions and (ii) a commercial wrist-worn device (WaveletHealth Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). Comparator reference data were obtained via a thermocouple placed under the nostrils, providing ground-truth information concerning respiration cycles. Tracking instantaneous frequencies was performed in the joint time-frequency spectrum of the (4 Hz re-sampled) respiratory-induced modulation using the WSST, from data obtained from 10 healthy subjects. The estimated instantaneous respiratory rates have shown to be highly correlated with breath-by-breath variations derived from the reference signals. The proposed method produced more accurate results compared to averaged RR obtained using 32 s windows investigated with overlap between successive windows of (i) zero and (ii) 28 s. For a set of five healthy subjects, the averaged similarity between reference RR and instantaneous RR, given by the longest common subsequence (LCSS) algorithm, was calculated as 0.69; this compares with averaged similarity of 0.49 using 32 s windows with 28 s overlap between successive windows. The results provide insight into estimation of IRR and show that upper body positions produced PPG signals from which a better respiration signal was extracted than for other body locations.
Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restoration (2021)

In this paper, we present Uformer, an effective and efficient Transformer-based architecture for image restoration, in which we build a hierarchical encoder-decoder network using the Transformer block. In Uformer, there are two core designs. First, we introduce a novel locally-enhanced window (LeWin) Transformer block, which performs nonoverlapping window-based self-attention instead of global self-attention. It significantly reduces the computational complexity on high resolution feature map while capturing local context. Second, we propose a learnable multi-scale restoration modulator in the form of a multi-scale spatial bias to adjust features in multiple layers of the Uformer decoder. Our modulator demonstrates superior capability for restoring details for various image restoration tasks while introducing marginal extra parameters and computational cost. Powered by these two designs, Uformer enjoys a high capability for capturing both local and global dependencies for image restoration. To evaluate our approach, extensive experiments are conducted on several image restoration tasks, including image denoising, motion deblurring, defocus deblurring and deraining. Without bells and whistles, our Uformer achieves superior or comparable performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The code and models are available at https://github.com/ZhendongWang6/Uformer.
Colorimetric detection of biological hydrogen sulfide using fluorosurfactant functionalized gold nanorods (2015)

As a well-known environmental pollutant but also an important gaseous transmitter, the specific detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is significant in biological systems. In this study, fluorosurfactant functionalized gold nanorods (FSN-AuNRs) have been proposed to act as selective colorimetric nanoprobes for H2S. With the combination of strong gold-S interactions and small FSN bilayer interstices, FSN-AuNRs demonstrate favorable selectivity and sensitivity toward H2S over other anions and small biological molecules. The practical application of the present method in biological H2S detection was validated with human and mouse serum samples. Moreover, the proposed nanoprobe can also be used for evaluating the activity of H2S synthetase.
Dragonblood: A Security Analysis of WPA3's SAE Handshake. (2019)

status: Published online
AN ADVANCED WEATHER INFORMATION DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE (2001)

One of the biggest challenges faced by winter maintenance decision makers is to properly identify, monitor, and respond to weather conditions that lead to poor road conditions. A major objective of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) program is to improve the efficiency and capacity of the surface transportation system. Because weather is a major factor in transportation efficiency, its impact on surface transportation must be understood and addressed. In addition, investments must be made to improve road weather diagnoses and forecasts, the dissemination of weather information to winter road maintenance practitioners and the traveling public. State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use a variety of systems and consultants in an attempt to become knowledgeable about the current and forecasted weather conditions. The ability to obtain accurate, high resolution, weather forecast information along road segments is difficult and time consuming. DOT personnel are often required to consult numerous weather sources and, in many cases, interpret weather data in an attempt to determine the impact of the weather on their local maintenance operation. This inefficient process can often result in frustration, misinterpretation of environmental conditions, and poor decisions. In fiscal year 2000, the US Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Office of Transportation Operations (HOTO) Road Maintenance Management Program began an initiative to gather surface transportation weather decision support requirements from State DOT personnel. In addition, the Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorology (OFCM) together with the FHWA, co-sponsored symposiums on Weather Information for Surface Transportation (WIST). The primary objective of these activities was to increase the awareness of the impact of weather on surface transportation and to solicit feedback from the surface transportation community on potential solutions. Utilizing information obtained from the above-mentioned outreach activities, the FHWA began a project in fiscal year 2001 to develop a prototype Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) tailored for winter road maintenance decision makers. This paper discusses the MDSS and its development.
GPCRdb: the G protein‐coupled receptor database – an introduction (2016)

GPCRs make up the largest family of human membrane proteins and of drug targets. Recent advances in GPCR pharmacology and crystallography have shed new light on signal transduction, allosteric modulation and biased signalling, translating into new mechanisms and principles for drug design. The GPCR database, GPCRdb, has served the community for over 20 years and has recently been extended to include a more multidisciplinary audience. This review is intended to introduce new users to the services in GPCRdb, which meets three overall purposes: firstly, to provide reference data in an integrated, annotated and structured fashion, with a focus on sequences, structures, single-point mutations and ligand interactions. Secondly, to equip the community with a suite of web tools for swift analysis of structures, sequence similarities, receptor relationships, and ligand target profiles. Thirdly, to facilitate dissemination through interactive diagrams of, for example, receptor residue topologies, phylogenetic relationships and crystal structure statistics. Herein, these services are described for the first time; visitors and guides are provided with good practices for their utilization. Finally, we describe complementary databases cross-referenced by GPCRdb and web servers with corresponding functionality.
The catalytic consequences of experimental evolution. Studies on the subunit structure of the second (<i>ebg</i>) <i>β</i>-galactosidase of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and on catalysis by <i>ebg</i> <i>ab</i>, an experimental evolvant containing two amino acid substitutions (1992)

1. The ratio of ebgA-gene product of ebgC-gene product in the functional aggregate of ebg beta-galactosidases was determined to be 1:1 by isolation of the enzyme from bacteria grown on uniformly radiolabelled amino acids and separation of the subunits by gel-permeation chromatography under denaturing conditions. 2. This datum, taken together with a recalculation of the previous ultracentrifuge data [Hall (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 107, 71-84], analytical gel-permeation chromatography and electron microscopy, strongly suggests an alpha 4 beta 4 quaternary structure for the enzyme. 3. The second chemical step in the enzyme turnover sequence, hydrolysis of the galactosyl-enzyme intermediate, is markedly slower for ebgab, having both Asp-97----Asn and Trp-977----Cys changes in the large subunit, than for ebga (having only the first change) and ebgb (having only the second), and is so slow as to be rate-determining even for an S-glycoside, beta-D-galactopyranosyl thiopicrate, as is shown by nucleophilic competition with methanol. 4. The selectivity of galactosyl-ebgab between water and methanol on a molar basis is 57, similar to the value for galactosyl-ebgb. 5. The equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of lactose at 37 degrees C is 152 +/- 19 M, that for hydrolysis of allolactose is approx. 44 M and that for hydrolysis of lactulose is approx. 40 M. 6. A comparison of the free-energy profiles for the hydrolyses of lactose catalysed by the double mutant with those for the wild-type and the single mutants reveals that free-energy changes from the two mutations are not in general independently additive, but that the changes generally are in the direction predicted by the theory of Burbaum, Raines, Albery & Knowles [(1989) Biochemistry 28, 9283-9305] for an enzyme catalysing a thermodynamically irreversible reaction. 7. Michaelis-Menten parameters for the hydrolysis of six beta-D-galactopyranosylpyridinium ions and ten aryl beta-galactosides by ebgab were measured. 8. The derived beta 1g values are the same as those for ebgb (which has only the Trp-977----Cys change) and significantly different from those for ebgo (the wild-type enzyme) and ebga. 9. The alpha- and beta-deuterium secondary isotope effects on the hydrolysis of the galactosyl-enzyme of 1.08 and 1.00 are difficult to reconcile with the pyranose ring in this intermediate being in the 4C1 conformation.
Enhanced temperature sensitivity in vapor-cell frequency standards (2012)

We report on the measurement of an anomalously large temperature sensitivity of the clock frequency in a Rb cell with buffer gas. The effect is observed in a prototype of pulsed optically pumped frequency standard which allows high resolution measurements because of its frequency stability at the level 1.7 × 10(-13) for 1 s of measurement time. We attribute this phenomenon to the geometry of the interaction and to the presence in the cell of temperature inhomogeneities that may enhance the temperature sensitivity of the clock frequency via the buffer gas pressure coefficient. We also propose some solutions to reduce this unwanted effect that may limit the medium-long-term performances of high-frequency-stability vapor-cell clocks.
A hybrid distributed slot assignment TDMA channel access protocol (2002)

A distributed hybrid channel access protocol for a network of partially connected tactical users is presented. The protocol defines a random access time slotted nonpersistent carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol for rapid network access for low-volume bursty traffic and a reservation time-division multiple processor (TDMA) protocol for efficient forwarding of high-volume periodic traffic. The TDMA protocol organizes the network users into communications groups (CGs) of fully connected nodes and allocates slots to be shared by CG members using a variation of the mini-slotted alternating priorities (MSAP) protocol to provide hidden terminal collision-free communication between the members of a CG. A node may be a member of several overlapping CGs to support efficient relaying of traffic. Both protocols use a mechanism for higher priority traffic to capture a channel slot by preempting the transmission of lower priority traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radionuclide hysterosalpingography for evaluation of fallopian tube patency. (1985)

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of radionuclide hysterosalpingography (RNHSG) using a technique with some modifications, that was described by Iturralde and Ventner (1). As these investigators demonstrated, technetium-labeled human albumin microspheres (HAM) will normally migrate spontaneously from the vagina to the ovaries. This study confirms that in the presence of fallopian tube obstruction, fibrosis and/or lack of motility, this migration does not take place, and that the presence or absence of migration of HAM can be imaged with a gamma camera. In the evaluation of 52 tubes we found that the efficiency of RNHSG for evaluation of fallopian tube patency when compared with contrast hysterosalpingography and/or direct observation of surgical pathology was over 94%. RNHSG is an essentially innocuous technique for assessing functional and mechanical fallopian tube obstruction that can be performed with conventional nuclear imaging equipment.
Synthetic biology devices and circuits for RNA-based ‘smart vaccines’: a propositional review (2015)

Nucleic acid vaccines have been gaining attention as an alternative to the standard attenuated pathogen or protein based vaccine. However, an unrealized advantage of using such DNA or RNA based vaccination modalities is the ability to program within these nucleic acids regulatory devices that would provide an immunologist with the power to control the production of antigens and adjuvants in a desirable manner by administering small molecule drugs as chemical triggers. Advances in synthetic biology have resulted in the creation of highly predictable and modular genetic parts and devices that can be composed into synthetic gene circuits with complex behaviors. With the recent advent of modified RNA gene delivery methods and developments in the RNA replicon platform, we foresee a future in which mammalian synthetic biologists will create genetic circuits encoded exclusively on RNA. Here, we review the current repertoire of devices used in RNA synthetic biology and propose how programmable 'smart vaccines' will revolutionize the field of RNA vaccination.
A long constraint length VLSI Viterbi decoder for the DSN (1988)

A Viterbi decoder, capable of decoding convolutional codes with constraint lengths up to 15, is under development for the Deep Space Network (DSN). The objective is to complete a prototype of this decoder by late 1990, and demonstrate its performance using the (15, 1/4) encoder in Galileo. The decoder is expected to provide 1 to 2 dB improvement in bit SNR, compared to the present (7, 1/2) code and existing Maximum Likelihood Convolutional Decoder (MCD). The decoder will be fully programmable for any code up to constraint length 15, and code rate 1/2 to 1/6. The decoder architecture and top-level design are described.
Single-Shot Monocular RGB-D Imaging Using Uneven Double Refraction (2020)

Cameras that capture color and depth information have become an essential imaging modality for applications in robotics, autonomous driving, virtual, and augmented reality. Existing RGB-D cameras rely on multiple sensors or active illumination with specialized sensors. In this work, we propose a method for monocular single-shot RGB-D imaging. Instead of learning depth from single-image depth cues, we revisit double-refraction imaging using a birefractive medium, measuring depth as the displacement of differently refracted images superimposed in a single capture. However, existing double-refraction methods are orders of magnitudes too slow to be used in real-time applications, e.g., in robotics, and provide only inaccurate depth due to correspondence ambiguity in double reflection. We resolve this ambiguity optically by leveraging the orthogonality of the two linearly polarized rays in double refraction -- introducing uneven double refraction by adding a linear polarizer to the birefractive medium. Doing so makes it possible to develop a real-time method for reconstructing sparse depth and color simultaneously in real-time. We validate the proposed method, both synthetically and experimentally, and demonstrate 3D object detection and photographic applications.
Deep Learning of Transferable MIMO Channel Modes for 6G V2X Communications (2022)

In the emerging high mobility vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications using millimeter wave (mmWave) and sub-THz, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation is an extremely challenging task. At mmWaves/sub-THz frequencies, MIMO channels exhibit few leading paths in the space-time (ST) domain (i.e., directions or arrival/departure and delays). Algebraic low-rank (LR) channel estimation exploits ST channel sparsity through the computation of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">position-dependent</i> MIMO channel eigenmodes leveraging recurrent training vehicle passages in the coverage cell. LR requires vehicles’ geographical positions and tens to hundreds of training vehicles’ passages for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">each</i> position, leading to significant complexity and control signaling overhead. Here, we design a deep-learning (DL)-based LR channel estimation method to infer MIMO channel eigenmodes in V2X urban settings, starting from a single least squares (LS) channel estimate and without needing vehicle’s position information. Numerical results show that the proposed method attains comparable mean squared error (mse) performance as the position-based LR. Moreover, we show that the proposed model can be trained on a reference scenario and be effectively transferred to urban contexts with different ST channel features, providing comparable mse performance without an explicit transfer learning procedure. This result eases the deployment in arbitrary dense urban scenarios.