gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward an acoustic typology of motor speech disorders (2003)

Acoustic methods have progressed to the point that an acoustic typology of the motor speech disorders can be constructed from a parameteric assessment of the speech subsystems (e.g., phonation, nasal resonance, vowel articulation, consonant articulation, intonation, and rhythm). The results of this analysis can be interpreted in respect to global functions in speech (e.g., voice quality, intelligibility, and prosody). This paper reviews studies showing that specific acoustic analyses have demonstrated or potential value toward the overall goal of constructing acoustic profiles of dysarthria and apraxia of speech. Several different acoustic measures are relevant to the study of the motor speech disorders, and these are increasingly supported by normative data and by guidelines for clinical application. Examples of these applications are discussed for a variety of specific neurologic diseases or perceptual types of disorder. Acoustic studies are useful in the study of motor speech disorders and recent progress points to a parametric analysis.
The effect of lip extrusion on performance of a Breakwater Integrated Bent Duct OWC WEC (2017)

Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converters(WECs) are one of the most studied, developed and tested devicesassociated with Ocean Renewable Energy (ORE) today.Variations in concept design and hydrodynamic characteristicshave been researched extensively, however the main issueassociated with ORE is the high Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE).One of the most promising applications devised to potentiallydecrease the LCOE is maritime structure integration by sharingthe costs associated with construction, and lowering the costs ofmaintenance. This paper investigates physical modelexperimentation into the effect that lip extrusion of a breakwaterintegrated bent duct type OWC has on the performance. Theimportance of the investigation has implications regarding tuningof the device for site-specific breakwater integration andconstructability. It is documented that a bent duct OWC observeschange in its natural resonance frequency through variation inlength of the swept path of the geometrical cross-section.Subsequently, lip extrusion could present a way of tuning thedevice to suit a site-specific sea state, and is a design considerationthat will affect both optimal power absorption andconstructability. It was found that the longer the lip extrusion thelower the performance and that the no lip extrusion case resultedin the maximum non-dimensional capture width of 2.2 comparedto the maximum lip extrusion considered in this papercorresponding to 1.4. This is a positive result for constructionconsideration as less materials are required, however, using lipextrusion to tune OWC resonance might come at the cost ofperformance.
Efficient, Selective, and Recyclable Palladium Catalysts in Carbon−Carbon Coupling Reactions (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEfficient, Selective, and Recyclable Palladium Catalysts in Carbon−Carbon Coupling ReactionsÁrpád Molnár*View Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary*Phone: 36 62 544 277. Fax: 36 62 544 200. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3, 2251–2320Publication Date (Web):March 9, 2011Publication History Received23 October 2010Published online9 March 2011Published inissue 9 March 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100355bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100355breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15544Altmetric-Citations958LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Palladium,Recycling Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of As-Needed Nalmefene in Alcohol-Dependent Patients with at Least a High Drinking Risk Level: Results from a Subgroup Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled 6-Month Studies (2013)

As-needed nalmefene was efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with at least a high drinking risk level at both screening and randomization, and the effect in this subgroup was larger than in the total population.
Mechanisms of increased bioavailability through amorphous solid dispersions: a review (2019)

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) can increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, their use in drug development is comparably rare due to a lack of basic understanding of mechanisms governing drug liberation and absorption <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, the lack of a unified nomenclature hampers the interpretation and classification of research data. In this review, we therefore summarize and conceptualize mechanisms covering the dissolution of ASDs, formation of supersaturated ASD solutions, factors responsible for solution stabilization, drug uptake from ASD solutions, and drug distribution within these complex systems as well as effects of excipients. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of these findings on the development of ASDs. This improved overall understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate a rational ASD formulation development and will serve as a basis for further mechanistic research on drug delivery by ASDs.
Lenses for piggybacking (2007)

You will have gathered that I think piggybacking is one of the best astronomical uses for a DSLR. But the “kit” lens that probably came with your DSLR is not very suitable for piggyback astrophotography. It has at least three disadvantages:
Thermal emission and design in 2D-periodic metallic photonic crystal slabs (2006)

We present a useful framework within which we can understand some of the physical phenomena that drive thermal emission in 2D-periodic metallic photonic crystal slabs, emphasizing phenomenology and physical intuition. Through detailed numerical calculations for these systems, we find that periodicity plays a key role in determining the types of physical phenomena that can be excited. We identify two structures as good candidates for thermal design, and conclude with a discussion of how the emissive properties of these systems can be tailored to our needs.
Silicon integrated RC snubbers for applications up to 900V with reduced mechanical stress and high manufacturability (2016)

Passive snubber networks are especially needed in fast switching power modules to prevent overvoltage from hard switching and to minimize electromagnetic interference [1]. In a half-bridge circuit as shown in Fig. 1 (a) dissipative RC snubber networks are beneficial over single pulse capacitors as they do not generate a resonant pole in the impedance spectrum, which can be seen in Fig. 1 (b). As only a small capacitance (e.g. 4 nF) is needed to reduce the overvoltage (Fig. 1 (c)), a monolithically integrated RC snubber can be realized on a silicon chip and packaged directly on the power module substrate. An improved module performance was already demonstrated for chip snubbers with 200 V operating voltage [2]. This work shows how the device design was enhanced for high manufacturability and reliable operations in a voltage range from 600 V to 900 V.
Monolithic InP Receiver Chip With a Variable Optical Attenuator for Colorless WDM Detection (2014)

We demonstrate a monolithically integrated quadrature coherent receiver photonic integrated circuit (PIC) on an InP substrate. The PIC comprises a 90° optical hybrid, a variable optical attenuator (VOA), and four RF photodetectors. With a dynamic range of 25 dB, the VOA enables the usage of the receiver PIC for colorless WDM detection.
Discovering Latent Informaion By Spreading Activation Algorithm for Document Retrieval (2014)

Syntactic search relies on keywords contained in a query to find suitable documents. So, documents that do not contain the keywords but contain information related to the query are not retrieved. Spreading activation is an algorithm for finding latent information in a query by exploiting relations between nodes in an associative network or semantic network. However, the classical spreading activation algorithm uses all relations of a node in the network that will add unsuitable information into the query. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for semantic text search, called query-oriented-constrained spreading activation that only uses relations relating to the content of the query to find really related information. Experiments on a benchmark dataset show that, in terms of the MAP measure, our search engine is 18.9% and 43.8% respectively better than the syntactic search and the search using the classical constrained spreading activation
Low-Overhead Run-Time Memory Leak Detection and Recovery (2006)

Memory leaks are known to be a major cause of reliability and performance issues in software. This paper describes a run-time scheme that detects and removes memory leaks with minimal performance overhead and with no modifications to application source code. The scheme consists of a first stage where a pattern recognition technique proactively detects subtle memory leaks, followed by a more resource-intensive second stage that scans the memory space of an application and removes detected memory leaks. The pattern recognition technique in the first stage is based on the multivariate state estimation technique (MSET) which provides accurate detection of subtle memory leaks with very little overhead. The second stage is only activated when problems are identified by the first stage. For our prototype, this second stage is based on debugging and analysis tools provided by Solaris 10. Due to the low-overhead impact of the first stage, the system can be monitored for memory leaks without incurring noticeable performance degradation. We present and discuss some results from our unique proactive detection and debugging methodology
Active legends for interactive cartographic animation (1999)

Abstract Active legends in cartographic animation serve the dual purpose of controlling the display of a map sequence and providing necessary information about the individual frames. Legends for cartographic animations have typically been implemented in a non-interactive form as individual legends that are synchronized with the display of the map. An active legend creates a tactual/visual association between the individual maps in the animation and what they depict. The development of more interactive cartographic animations is a function of both the available technology and the operational metaphors that make the technology accessible. The Web is providing a means to distribute interactive animations. A particular interactive cartographic animation developed with JavaScript is evaluated for functionality and content.
Bacteria from the Midgut of Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) Larvae Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity Against Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Isolation and Molecular Identification (2020)

The mechanisms of action of the complex including entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera <i>Steinernema</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis</i> and their mutualistic partners, i.e., bacteria <i>Xenorhabdus</i> and <i>Photorhabdus</i>, have been well explained, and the nematodes have been commercialized as biological control agents against many soil insect pests. However, little is known regarding the nature of the relationships between these bacteria and the gut microbiota of infected insects. In the present study, 900 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the midgut samples of <i>Melolontha melolontha</i> larvae were screened for their antagonistic activity against the selected species of the genera <i>Xenorhabdus</i> and <i>Photorhabdus</i>. Twelve strains exhibited significant antibacterial activity in the applied tests. They were identified based on 16S rRNA and <i>rpoB</i>, <i>rpoD</i>, or <i>recA</i> gene sequences as <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i>, <i>Citrobacter murliniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium lathyri</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium</i> sp., <i>Serratia liquefaciens</i>, and <i>Serratia</i> sp. The culture filtrate of the isolate <i>P. chlororaphis</i> MMC3 L3 04 exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria. The results of the preliminary study that are presented here, which focused on interactions between the insect gut microbiota and mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, show that bacteria inhabiting the gut of insects might play a key role in insect resistance to entomopathogenic nematode pressure.
Phase I study of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). (2014)

4504 Background: There is a need for agents that result in durable responses and improved tolerability in patients (pts) with mRCC. Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, has shown activity in mRCC. Combining nivolumab + ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to CTLA-4, showed encouraging clinical activity and acceptable safety in advanced melanoma. We report preliminary results of the combination in mRCC. Methods: Pts with mRCC (favorable/intermediate MSKCC score; Karnofsky performance status ≥80%; untreated or any number of prior therapies) were randomized to receive nivolumab 3 mg/kg + ipilimumab 1 mg/kg (arm N3 + I1) or nivolumab 1 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (arm N1 + I3) IV Q3W for 4 doses then nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV Q2W until progression/toxicity. The primary objective was to assess safety/tolerability; secondary objective was to assess antitumor activity. Results: Pts were randomized to N3 + I1 (n=21) and N1 + I3 (n=23). Most pts (n=34; 77%) had prior systemic therapy (N3 + I1: 16; N1 + I3: 18). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were seen in 39/44 pts (89%); 7 pts (16%; N3 + I1: 2; N1 + I3: 5) discontinued due to any-grade related AEs. Grade 3–4 related AEs occurred in 19 pts (43%; N3 + I1: 5; N1 + I3: 14), most commonly ↑ lipase (16%, n=7), ↑ ALT (11%, n=5), diarrhea (9%, n=4), colitis (5%, n=2), ↑ amylase (5%, n=2). No grade 3–4 pneumonitis was seen. Objective response rate (ORR) was 29% (N3 + I1) and 39% (N1 + I3) (Table). Duration of response (DOR) was 4.1+ to 22.1+ wks (all 6 responses ongoing) in N3 + I1, and 6.1+ to 18.3+ wks (8/9 responses ongoing) in N1 + I3. Responses occurred by first tumor assessment (wk 6) in 67% of responding pts in both N3 + I1 and N1 + I3. Stable disease (SD) was seen in 7 (33%) pts (N3 + I1) and 9 (39%) pts (N1 + I3). Conclusions: Nivolumab + ipilimumab showed acceptable safety and encouraging antitumor activity in mRCC, with most responses ongoing. Follow-up, expansion cohorts at these doses and an additional dose cohort (nivolumab 3 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg) are being assessed. Clinical trial information: NCT01472081. Arm N3 + I1 n=21 Arm N1 + I3 n=23 ORR, n (%) 6 (29) 9 (39) SD, n (%) [duration, wks] 7 (33) [6+ to 25+] 9 (39) [6+to 26.1] DOR, range (wks) 4.1+ – 22.1+ 6.1+ – 18.3+ PFS, range (wks) 4.7+ – 28.1+ 4.3 – 26.1
Adsorption and separation of amyloid beta aggregates using ferromagnetic nanoparticles coated with charged polymer brushes (2015)

Amyloid beta (Aβ) protein aggregates, which include fibrils and oligomers, are neurotoxic and are considered to cause Alzheimer's disease. Thus, separation of these Aβ aggregates from biological samples is important. Herein, we report the use of strongly ferromagnetic few-layer graphene-coated magnetic nanoparticles (C/Co), which were functionalized with a cationic polymer, poly[3-(methacryloyl amino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (polyMAPTAC), C/Co@polyMAPTAC, for the adsorption and magnetic separation of Aβ aggregates. Fast adsorption (∼1 min) of Aβ fibrils and oligomers onto the particles was observed. Interestingly, the Aβ monomer was not captured by the particles, suggesting that binding to Aβ molecules is toxic species-selective. Selective adsorption was also observed in the presence of serum albumin protein. We also showed that C/Co@polyMAPTAC could reduce the cytotoxicity of the Aβ aggregate solutions. This study should be useful for further elucidation of the application of nanoparticle adsorption in mediating Aβ toxicity.
Field displacement in a graphene loaded waveguide (2011)

Magnetically biased graphene is shown to exhibit ferrite-like field displacement, through the problem of a graphene-loaded rectangular waveguide. Field displacement is shown to exist for the waveguide modes which on the plane of graphene have a non-zero electric field component parallel to graphene.
On the Quantum versus Classical Learnability of Discrete Distributions (2021)

Here we study the comparative power of classical and quantum learners for generative modelling within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. More specifically we consider the following task: Given samples from some unknown discrete probability distribution, output with high probability an efficient algorithm for generating new samples from a good approximation of the original distribution. Our primary result is the explicit construction of a class of discrete probability distributions which, under the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, is provably not efficiently PAC learnable by a classical generative modelling algorithm, but for which we construct an efficient quantum learner. This class of distributions therefore provides a concrete example of a generative modelling problem for which quantum learners exhibit a provable advantage over classical learning algorithms. In addition, we discuss techniques for proving classical generative modelling hardness results, as well as the relationship between the PAC learnability of Boolean functions and the PAC learnability of discrete probability distributions.
Template controlled synthesis of a coordinated [11]ane-P2CNHC macrocycle (2007)

Rhenium complex []Cl with the coordinated [11]ane-P(2)C(NHC) macrocycle was obtained by a metal template controlled ring formation reaction; in this reaction a coordinated NH,NH-stabilised imidazolidin-2-ylidene ligand was connected via the nitrogen atoms to two phenyl substituents of a 2-fluorophenyl substituted diphosphine ligand.
Airborne intercomparison of nitric oxide measurement techniques (1987)

Results from an airborne intercomparison of techniques to measure tropospheric levels of nitric oxide (NO) are discussed. The intercomparison was part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment and was conducted during missions flown in the fall of 1983 and spring of 1984. Instruments intercompared included a laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) system and two chemiluminescence instruments (CL). NO mixing ratios from below 5 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) to greater than 100 pptv were reported, with the majority less than 20 pptv. Good correlation was observed between the measurements reported by the CL and LIF techniques. The general level of agreement observed for the ensemble of measurements obtained during the two missions provides the basis from which one can conclude that equally “valid” measurements of background levels of NO can be expected from either CL or LIF instruments. At the same time the periods of disagreement that were observed between the CL and LIF instruments as well as between the two CL instruments highlight the difficulty of obtaining reliable measurements with NO mixing ratios in the 5–20 pptv range and emphasize the vigilance that should be maintained in future NO measurements.
Diffuse Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation for the Prediction of Vasovagal Syncope (2014)

A novel diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter was used to simultaneously monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation during head-up tilt tests. Testing results suggest that CBF change has the best sensitivity for predicting vasovagal syncope.
The effect of electric current on the conductivity of MgO single crystals at temperatures above 1300 K (1978)

Changes in electrical conductivity over the temperature range 1000–1400 K due to treatment of MgO crystals with moderate (1000 V cm−1) electric fields at 1300 or 1400 K have been measured. Although different samples of MgO have different initial conductivities, changes produced by the electric fields are qualitatively similar. After treatments for times of the order to 20 h, the temperature dependence changes and the conductivity decreases by anywhere from a small amount to a factor of 4 at ∼1273 K. This decrease correlates with the electrolytic reduction of impurities in the MgO. More lengthy treatment (more than 100 h) causes the samples to become progressively more conducting until catastrophic failure of the electrical insulating properties occurs. The electric current passed as such failure is approached is more than two orders of magnitude greater than at the beginning of treatment. If the temperature is lowered just before failure with the 1000 V cm−1 still applied and the temperature dependence of the conductivity is subsequently measured, a large excess conductivity is present. However, the temperature dependence (slope of lnσ versus T−1) remains unchanged. The results are discussed in terms of identity of current carriers and conduction mechanisms.
Bioenergetics in Glutaryl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency (2005)

Inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase results in an accumulation of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids. If untreated, most patients suffer an acute encephalopathic crisis and, subsequently, acute striatal damage being precipitated by febrile infectious diseases during a vulnerable period of brain development (age 3 and 36 months). It has been suggested before that some of these organic acids may induce excitotoxic cell damage, however, the relevance of bioenergetic impairment is not yet understood. The major aim of our study was to investigate respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation in this disease using purified single enzymes and tissue homogenates from Gcdh-deficient and wild-type mice. In purified enzymes, glutaryl-CoA but not glutaric or 3-hydroxyglutaric induced an uncompetitive inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity. Notably, reduced activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity has recently been demonstrated in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, no direct inhibition of glutaryl-CoA, glutaric acid, and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid was found in other enzymes tested. In Gcdh-deficient mice, respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid activities remained widely unaffected, virtually excluding regulatory changes in these enzymes. However, hepatic activity of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was decreased and concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines increased in the bile of these mice, which suggested disturbed oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bioenergetic impairment may play an important role in the pathomechanisms underlying neurodegenerative changes in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.