gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Frequency, and Persistence of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157 Strains from Range Cattle Environments (2003)

Genetic diversity, isolation frequency, and persistence were determined for Escherichia coli O157 strains from range cattle production environments. Over the 11-month study, analysis of 9,122 cattle fecal samples, 4,083 water source samples, and 521 wildlife fecal samples resulted in 263 isolates from 107 samples presumptively considered E. coli O157 as determined by culture and latex agglutination. Most isolates (90.1%) were confirmed to be E. coli O157 by PCR detection of intimin and Shiga toxin genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI-digested preparations revealed 79 unique patterns (XbaI-PFGE subtypes) from 235 typeable isolates confirmed to be E. coli O157. By analyzing up to three isolates per positive sample, we detected an average of 1.80 XbaI-PFGE subtypes per sample. Most XbaI-PFGE subtypes (54 subtypes) were identified only once, yet the seven most frequently isolated subtypes represented over one-half of the E. coli O157 isolates (124 of 235 isolates). Recurring XbaI-PFGE subtypes were recovered from samples on up to 10 sampling occasions and up to 10 months apart. Seven XbaI-PFGE subtypes were isolated from both cattle feces and water sources, and one of these also was isolated from the feces of a wild opossum (Didelphis sp.). The number of XbaI-PFGE subtypes, the variable frequency and persistence of subtypes, and the presence of identical subtypes in cattle feces, free-flowing water sources, and wildlife feces indicate that the complex molecular epidemiology of E. coli O157 previously described for confined cattle operations is also evident in extensively managed range cattle environments.
Old Theories Revisited on Cancer Assistant Therapy (2014)

The causes of cancer deaths are multi-factorials in clinics. Despite the rapid advancement of cancer treatments, many other pathological factors discovered more than half century can also be the targets of cancer therapy. Apart from direct causes from tumor progressions and metastases, many clinical complications or psychiatry factors will more or less speed up these pathogenesis processes of cancer patients, even lost of cancer patients’ life. Based on above-mentioned factors, many types of assistant therapies are designed to counter many harmful clinical complications happening in cancer patients. This mini-review offers the panorama of those therapies, addresses and discusses the history and present advancements. Many key factors and efforts and their future impacts are outlined and highlighted.
Aromatase and Endometriosis (2004)

Aromatase p450 (p450arom) is the key enzyme for biosynthesis of estrogen, which is an essential hormone for the establishment and growth of endometriosis. There is no detectable aromatase enzyme activity in normal endometrium; therefore, estrogen is not locally produced in endometrium. Endometriosis tissue, however, contains very high levels of aromatase enzyme, which leads to production of significant quantities of estrogen. Moreover, one of the best-known mediators of inflammation and pain, prostaglandin E (2), strikingly induces aromatase enzyme activity and formation of local estrogen in this tissue. Additionally, estrogen itself stimulates cyclo-oxygenase-2 and therefore increases the formation of prostaglandin E (2) in endometriosis. We were able to target this positive feedback cycle in endometriosis using aromatase inhibitors. In fact, pilot trials showed that aromatase inhibitors could decrease pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.
Macrophage-specific overexpression of group IIa sPLA2 increases atherosclerosis and enhances collagen deposition (2004)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall characterized by the accumulation of lipidladen macrophages and fibrotic material. The initiation of the disease is accompanied by the accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the vessel wall. Group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 IIa) is a key candidate player in the enzymatic modification of low density lipoproteins. To study the role of sPLA 2 IIa in macrophages during atherogenesis, transgenic mice were generated using the human sPLA 2 IIa gene and the CD11b promoter. Bone marrow transplantation to LDL receptor-deficient mice was performed to study sPLA 2 IIa in atherosclerosis. After 10 weeks of high-fat diet, mice overexpressing sPLA 2 IIa in macrophages showed 2.3fold larger lesions compared with control mice. Pathological examination revealed that sPLA 2 IIa-expressing mice had increased collagen in their lesions, independent of lesion size. However, smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts in the lesions were not affected. Other parameters studied, including T-cells and cell turnover, were not significantly affected by overexpression of sPLA 2 IIa in macrophages. These data clearly show that macrophage sPLA 2 IIa is a proatherogenic factor and suggest that the enzyme regulates collagen production in the plaque and thus fibrotic cap development.
Change in interplanetary shock acceleration preceding STIP Interval 17 (1987)

The intensity and frequency of shock acceleration events in the interplanetary medium decreased dramatically in early 1985. Low energy ions were observed by IMP 8 at 1 AU and Voyagers 1 and 2 at 22 and 16 AU, respectively. Voyager 1 was at 25 deg heliographic latitude while IMP 8 and Voyager 2 were near the solar equatorial plane. The decrease in low energy shock events led to a drop in the average ion flux by a factor of 20 to 50. It started about day 10 of 1985 in the approximately .5 MeV channel on IMP8 and took approximately 75 days to reach the new, lower, background level. The decrease at the Voyagers started approximately 50 days later. The time delay between the start of the decrease at IMP and at Voyager 2 implies that decrease was convected outward with a velocity of approximately 535 km/sec. The intensity and frequency of interplanetary shock events remained at the lower level for at least 1.5 years.
Phytoseiid mites associated with spider mites on hops in the Willamette Valley, Oregon (1993)

Volume: 90
Methylene Blue for Ifosfamide-Associated Encephalopathy (1995)

To the Editor: Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cervical carcinoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and germ-cell tumors. Myelosuppression is common. Hemorrhagic cystitis is prevented by the administration of mesna. Confusion and coma have been associated with the use of ifosfamide, and antiepileptic drugs may be required.1 Ifosfamide may also cause a dose-dependent encephalopathy in the presence of a pelvic mass that obstructs the ureters or intrinsic renal impairment.2 The drug is marketed in the United States as Ifex (Bristol-Myers Oncology Division, Princeton, N.J.). We report the reversal of ifosfamide-associated encephalopathy with methylene blue in a 68-year-old woman . . .
High Performance Nanofiltration Membrane for Effective Removal of Perfluoroalkyl Substances at High Water Recovery (2018)

We demonstrate the fabrication of a loose, negatively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane with tailored selectivity for the removal of perfluoroalkyl substances with reduced scaling potential. A selective polyamide layer was fabricated on top of a poly(ether sulfone) support via interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride and a mixture of piperazine and bipiperidine. Incorporating high molecular weight bipiperidine during the interfacial polymerization enables the formation of a loose, nanoporous selective layer structure. The fabricated NF membrane possessed a negative surface charge and had a pore diameter of ∼1.2 nm, much larger than a widely used commercial NF membrane (i.e., NF270 with pore diameter of ∼0.8 nm). We evaluated the performance of the fabricated NF membrane for the rejection of different salts (i.e., NaCl, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The fabricated NF membrane exhibited a high retention of PFOA (∼90%) while allowing high passage of scale-forming cations (i.e., calcium). We further performed gypsum scaling experiments to demonstrate lower scaling potential of the fabricated loose porous NF membrane compared to NF membranes having a dense selective layer under solution conditions simulating high water recovery. Our results demonstrate that properly designed NF membranes are a critical component of a high recovery NF system, which provide an efficient and sustainable solution for remediation of groundwater contaminated with perfluoroalkyl substances.
Monolithic integration of DFB laser with spot-sizetransformer forhighly efficient laser fibre coupling (1995)

The monolithic integration of a mushroom type MQW DFB laser with a spot-size transformer based on a two-layer lateral taper is reported. Highly efficient coupling to a butt-joined dispersion-shifted singlemode fibre with a coupling loss down to 0.9 dB and large alignment tolerances was achieved, maintaining the good spectral characteristics of an isolated DFB-laser structure.
The “Cheerios effect” (2005)

Objects that float at the interface between a liquid and a gas interact because of interfacial deformation and the effect of gravity. We highlight the crucial role of buoyancy in this interaction, which, for small particles, prevails over the capillary suction that often is assumed to be the dominant effect. We emphasize this point using a simple classroom demonstration, and then derive the physical conditions leading to mutual attraction or repulsion. We also quantify the force of interaction in particular instances and present a simple dynamical model of this interaction. The results obtained from this model are validated by comparison to experimental results for the mutual attraction of two identical spherical particles. We consider some of the applications of the effect that can be found in nature and the laboratory.
A Facile One Step Synthesis of 4-Aminoindoles from 5-Halo-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles (1986)

o n o f 4arninoindoles.
Wireless subscriber mobility management using adaptive individual location areas for PCS systems (2002)

We consider a new mobility management scheme-the adaptive location area tracking scheme-in which each mobile performs a location registration as it crosses the boundary of its current personal location area and is assigned a new location area. The size and shape of the new location area depend on the mobile's mobility and call characteristics in its previous location area. The objective is to minimize the combined average signaling cost of both paging and registration activities for each individual mobile user. We model the mobility and incoming call traffic of an individual mobile user using Brownian motion with the drift process and Poisson arrival process. Under the assumption of a one-dimensional cellular network environment, we investigate the effects of user mobility parameters such as average movement speed, location uncertainty and mean call arrival rate on the size and shape of individual location areas. This study reveals that, besides size, the shape of the location areas also plays an important role in signaling cost reduction. Performance analysis shows that this scheme offers a cost reduction up to 50% as compared to a previously proposed scheme.
Improving Wellbore Position Accuracy of Horizontal Wells by Using A Continuous Inclination Measurement From A Near Bit Inclination MWD Sensor (1998)

Abstract Wellbore position calculations are typically performed by measuring Azimuth and Inclination at 10–30 meter intervals and using interpolation techniques to determine the borehole position between the survey stations. Input parameters are, Measured Depth (MD), Azimuth and Inclination, where the latter two parameters are measured with the MWD tool in a stationary mode (non-rotating). Output parameters are the geometric coordinates; True Vertical Depth (TVD), North and East. To maximize the exposure of a production well to the reservoir, horizontal wellbores are frequently being drilled. Furthermore, to maximize the production of hydrocarbons from these wells, their relative position within the reservoir is critical. Improving the accuracy of the Inclination measurement and thus reducing the uncertainty of the calculated TVD value will increase the confidence in wellbore position. The NaviGator™* geosteering tool or the AutoTrak™* rotary steerable system are frequently used to optimize the position of horizontal wellbores within the reservoir. Both these geosteering tools use a Near Bit Inclination sensor (NBI) to help the directional driller perform directional changes smoothly and accurately. Unlike traditional directional sensors the NBI sensor is capable of accurately measuring inclination while being rotated. Consequently NBI measurements can be performed continuously during drilling. The measurements can be used to more accurately calculate the wellbore trajectory. Results in the paper demonstrate that the NBI sensor is more accurately measuring inclination than other directional sensors in a horizontal well. Also, by continuously measuring the inclination during rotation, some error sources are reduced, resulting in improved TVD accuracy.
Robotic technologies for solar‐powered UAVs: Fully autonomous updraft‐aware aerial sensing for multiday search‐and‐rescue missions (2017)

Abstract Large‐scale aerial sensing missions can greatly benefit from the perpetual endurance capability provided by high‐performance low‐altitude solar‐powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, today these UAVs suffer from small payload capacity, low energetic margins, and high operational complexity. To tackle these problems, this paper presents four individual technical contributions and integrates them into an existing solar‐powered UAV system: First, a lightweight and power‐efficient day/night‐capable sensing system is discussed. Second, means to optimize the UAV platform to the specific payload and to thereby achieve sufficient energetic margins for day/night flight with payload are presented. Third, existing autonomous launch and landing functionality is extended for solar‐powered UAVs. Fourth, as a main contribution an extended Kalman filter (EKF)‐based autonomous thermal updraft tracking framework is developed. Its novelty is that it allows the end‐to‐end integration of the thermal‐induced roll moment into the estimation process. It is assessed against unscented Kalman filter and particle filter methods in simulation and implemented on the aircraft's low‐power autopilot. The complete system is verified during a 26 h search‐and‐rescue aerial sensing mock‐up mission that represents the first‐ever fully autonomous perpetual endurance flight of a small solar‐powered UAV with a day/night‐capable sensing payload. It also represents the first time that solar‐electric propulsion and autonomous thermal updraft tracking are combined in flight. In contrast to previous work that has focused on the energetic feasibility of perpetual flight , the individual technical contributions of this paper are considered core functionality to guarantee ease‐of‐use, effectivity, and reliability in future multiday aerial sensing operations with small solar‐powered UAVs.
Dual Beam Light Profile Microscopy: A New Technique for Optical Absorption Depth Profilometry (2004)

Light profile microscopy† (LPM) is a recently developed technique of optical inspection that is used to record micrometer-scale images of thin-film cross-sections on a direct basis. In single beam mode, LPM provides image contrast based on luminescence, elastic, and/or inelastic scatter. However, LPM may also be used to depth profile the optical absorption coefficient of a thin film based on a method of dual beam irradiation presented in this work. The method uses a pair of collimated laser beams to consecutively irradiate a film from two opposing directions along the depth axis. An average profile of the beam's light intensity variation through the material is recovered for each direction and used to compute a depth-dependent differential absorbance profile. This latter quantity is shown from theory to be related to the film's depth-dependent optical absorption coefficient through a simple linear model that may be inverted by standard methods of numerical linear algebra. The inverse problem is relatively well posed, showing good immunity to data errors. This profilometry method is experimentally applied to a set of well-characterized materials with known absorption properties over a scale of tens of micrometers, and the reconstructed absorption profiles were found to be highly consistent with the reference data.
Cloning and expression of the gene for group B streptococcal hyaluronate lyase. (1994)

Group B streptococci (GBS) are a major cause of serious human perinatal infections. Most clinical isolates of GBS secrete hyaluronate lyase, and production of high levels of the enzyme has been associated with strain virulence. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers, designed on the basis of the amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides prepared from the purified enzyme, permitted the polymerase chain reaction amplification from GBS chromosomal DNA of a 363-base pair internal DNA fragment of the GBS hyaluronate lyase gene (hylB). This DNA fragment was used as a probe to screen a lambda phage library of GBS chromosomal DNA fragments. Sequence analysis of positive clones identified an open reading frame capable of coding for a 111-kDa protein. Since no single clone was found to contain the entire gene it was necessary to reconstruct the gene from two plasmids containing inserts with suitable overlapping sequences. When this reconstructed gene was transformed into Escherichia coli, high level expression of hyaluronate lyase activity was obtained.
Esterification of stearic acid by isomeric forms of butanol in a microwave oven under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions (1997)

In this paper the influence of conventional and dielectric heating on the esterification of stearic acid by butanol has been studied. The influences of different isomeric forms of butanol, a catalyst and conditions of reaction (homogeneous versus heterogeneous) upon esterification have been investigated. The difference between conventionally or dielectrically heated reactions has been studied. For heterogeneous reactions a significant temperature enhancement effect is observed. This effect can be enlarged by the application of heat captors, which have been mixed or impregnated with catalyst. Further rate enhancements are realised by the use of a combination of microwave heating and ultrasound for heterogeneously catalysed reactions.
IRBIT, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-binding protein, specifically binds to and activates pancreas-type Na <sup>+</sup> /HCO <sub>3</sub> <sup>−</sup> cotransporter 1 (pNBC1) (2006)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptors (IP 3 Rs) are IP 3 -gated Ca 2+ channels that are located on intracellular Ca 2+ stores. We previously identified an IP 3 R binding protein, termed IP 3 R binding protein released with IP 3 (IRBIT). Because IRBIT is released from IP 3 R by physiological concentrations of IP 3 , we hypothesized that IRBIT is a signaling molecule that is released from IP 3 R and regulates downstream target molecules in response to the production of IP 3 . Therefore, in this study, we attempted to identify the target molecules of IRBIT, and we succeeded in identifying Na + /HCO 3 − cotransporter 1 (NBC1) as an IRBIT binding protein. Of the two major splicing variants of NBC1, pancreas-type NBC1 (pNBC1) and kidney-type NBC1 (kNBC1), IRBIT was found to bind specifically to pNBC1 and not to bind to kNBC1. IRBIT binds to the N-terminal pNBC1-specific domain, and its binding depends on the phosphorylation of multiple serine residues of IRBIT. Also, an electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus oocytes revealed that pNBC1 requires coexpression of IRBIT to manifest substantial activity comparable with that of kNBC1, which displays substantial activity independently of IRBIT. These results strongly suggest that pNBC1 is the target molecule of IRBIT and that IRBIT has an important role in pH regulation through pNBC1. Also, our findings raise the possibility that the regulation through IRBIT enables NBC1 variants to have different physiological roles.
Generation of catalytic human Ago4 identifies structural elements important for RNA cleavage (2014)

Argonaute proteins bind small RNAs and mediate cleavage of complementary target RNAs. The human Argonaute protein Ago4 is catalytically inactive, although it is highly similar to catalytic Ago2. Here, we have generated Ago2-Ago4 chimeras and analyzed their cleavage activity in vitro. We identify several specific features that inactivate Ago4: the catalytic center, short sequence elements in the N-terminal domain, and an Ago4-specific insertion in the catalytic domain. In addition, we show that Ago2-mediated cleavage of the noncanonical miR-451 precursor can be carried out by any catalytic human Ago protein. Finally, phylogenetic analyses establish evolutionary distances between the Ago proteins. Interestingly, these distances do not fully correlate with the structural changes inactivating them, suggesting functional adaptations of individual human Ago proteins.
Higd-1a interacts with Opa1 and is required for the morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria (2013)

The activity and morphology of mitochondria are maintained by dynamic fusion and fission processes regulated by a group of proteins residing in, or attached to, their inner and outer membranes. Hypoxia-induced gene domain protein-1a (Higd-1a)/HIMP1-a/HIG1, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, plays a role in cell survival under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we showed that Higd-1a depletion resulted in mitochondrial fission, depletion of mtDNA, disorganization of cristae, and growth retardation. We demonstrated that Higd-1a functions by specifically binding to Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), a key element in fusion of the inner membrane. In the absence of Higd-1a, Opa1 was cleaved, resulting in the loss of its long isoforms and accumulation of small soluble forms. The small forms of Opa1 do not interact with Higd-1a, suggesting that a part of Opa1 in or proximal to the membrane is required for that interaction. Opa1 cleavage, mitochondrial fission, and cell death induced by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly inhibited by ectopic expression of Higd-1a. Furthermore, growth inhibition due to Higd-1a depletion could be overcome by overexpression of a noncleavable form of Opa1. Collectively, our observations demonstrate that Higd-1a inhibits Opa1 cleavage and is required for mitochondrial fusion by virtue of its interaction with Opa1.