gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. Part 18. Scope and mechanism of tandem cationic aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich cyclization reactions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. Part 18. Scope and mechanism of tandem cationic aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich cyclization reactionsE. Jon. Jacobsen, Jeremy. Levin, and Larry E. OvermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 13, 4329–4336Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00221a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00221a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1615Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Project Zanzibar (2018)

We present Project Zanzibar: a flexible mat that can locate, uniquely identify and communicate with tangible objects placed on its surface, as well as sense a user's touch and hover hand gestures. We describe the underlying technical contributions: efficient and localised Near Field Communication (NFC) over a large surface area; object tracking combining NFC signal strength and capacitive footprint detection, and manufacturing techniques for a rollable device form-factor that enables portability, while providing a sizable interaction area when unrolled. In addition, we detail design patterns for tangibles of varying complexity and interactive capabilities, including the ability to sense orientation on the mat, harvest power, provide additional input and output, stack, or extend sensing outside the bounds of the mat. Capabilities and interaction modalities are illustrated with self-generated applications. Finally, we report on the experience of professional game developers building novel physical/digital experiences using the platform.
Reduction of Burn Scar Formation by Halofuginone-Eluting Silicone Gel Sheets (2012)

Burn scar formations can cause disfiguration and loss of dermal function. The purpose of this study was to examine whether application of modified silicone gel sheets with an antifibrotic drug halofuginone-eluting hybrid surface produce an effect on scar development. There were a total of 2 animal groups. The athymic nude mice (nu/nu) of both groups underwent transplantation of full-thickness human skin grafts onto their backs and setting of partial thickness burn injury. The status of local scar development was observed over a period of 3 months after the application of silicone gel sheets and also after application of surface-modified halofuginone-eluting silicone gel sheets. Subsequently, via real-time polymerase chain reaction, the cDNA levels from key mediators of scar formation (transforming growth factor beta, COL1A1, connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9) were established and statistically evaluated. In comparison with uncoated silicone gel sheets, the application of halofuginone-eluting silicone gel sheets lead to a significant difference in gene expression activity in scar tissue. Halofuginone-eluting hybrid surface silicone gel sheets significantly increase the antiscarring effect of adhesive silicone gel sheets by deceleration and downregulation of scar development by normalization of the expression activity.
뇌교육 활용 인성프로그램이 고등학교 통합학급 학생의 공감능력 및 친사회적 행동에 미치는 효과 (2016)

본 연구는 고등학교 통합학급 학생의 공감 및 친사회적 행동의 향상을 위해 뇌교육활용 인성프로그램을 구성하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 P시에 소재한 P고등학교 2학년 1개 통합학급을 대상으로 실험집단(비장애학생 13명·지적장애학생 1명, 뇌교육 활용 인성교육 적용)을 구성하여 프로그램을 적용하였다. 실험집단에게는 뇌교육 활용 인성교육프로그램을 주2회 40분씩 총 18회 실시하였고, 사전검사와 사후검사로 그 효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과, 뇌교육 활용 인성프로그램은 실험집단의 비장애학생의 공감능력과 친사회적 행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하위영역을 분석하면, 공감능력의 공감적 관심과 친사회적 행동의 위로하기, 도움주기, 보호하기에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이와 함께 실험집단 비장애학생과 장애학생에 대한 질적 분석 결과, 심리·정서·행동적인 면에서 더욱 긍정적인 변화를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 뇌교육 활용 인성프로그램이 통합학급 구성원의 다양성을 서로 이해하고 존중 및 배려하는 태도에 긍정적 영향을 미치며, 장애학생뿐만 아니라 비장애학생의 삶의 질을 향상시켜, 궁극적으로 사회적 통합을 위한 인성교육의 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.
Lung cancer with loss of <scp>BRG</scp>1/<scp>BRM</scp>, shows epithelial mesenchymal transition phenotype and distinct histologic and genetic features (2012)

BRG1 and BRM, two core catalytic subunits in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, have been suggested as tumor suppressors, yet their roles in carcinogenesis are unclear. Here, we present evidence that loss of BRG1 and BRM is involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinomas. Analysis of 15 lung cancer cell lines indicated that BRG1 mutations correlated with loss of BRG1 expression and that loss of BRG1 and BRM expression was frequent in E-cadherin-low and vimentin-high cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of 93 primary lung adenocarcinomas showed loss of BRG1 and BRM in 11 (12%) and 16 (17%) cases, respectively. Loss of expression of BRG1 and BRM was frequent in solid predominant adenocarcinomas and tumors with low thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1, master regulator of lung) and low cytokeratin7 and E-cadherin (two markers for bronchial epithelial differentiation). Loss of BRG1 was correlated with the absence of lepidic growth patterns and was mutually exclusive of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In contrast, loss of BRM was found concomitant with lepidic growth patterns and EGFR mutations. Finally, we analyzed the publicly available dataset of 442 cases and found that loss of BRG1 and BRM was frequent in E-cadherin-low, TTF-1-low, and vimentin-high cases and correlated with poor prognosis. We conclude that loss of either or both BRG1 and BRM is involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma into solid predominant tumors with features of epithelial mesenchymal transition and loss of the bronchial epithelial phenotype. BRG1 loss was specifically involved in the progression of EGFR wild-type, but not EGFR-mutant tumors.
Three-dimensional manipulation of single cells using surface acoustic waves (2016)

The ability of surface acoustic waves to trap and manipulate micrometer-scale particles and biological cells has led to many applications involving "acoustic tweezers" in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present 3D acoustic tweezers, which use surface acoustic waves to create 3D trapping nodes for the capture and manipulation of microparticles and cells along three mutually orthogonal axes. In this method, we use standing-wave phase shifts to move particles or cells in-plane, whereas the amplitude of acoustic vibrations is used to control particle motion along an orthogonal plane. We demonstrate, through controlled experiments guided by simulations, how acoustic vibrations result in micromanipulations in a microfluidic chamber by invoking physical principles that underlie the formation and regulation of complex, volumetric trapping nodes of particles and biological cells. We further show how 3D acoustic tweezers can be used to pick up, translate, and print single cells and cell assemblies to create 2D and 3D structures in a precise, noninvasive, label-free, and contact-free manner.
DNA Cleavage Patterns as Indicators of Genotypic Heterogeneity among Strains of Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma Species (1983)

Electrophoretic patterns of digestion products of Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma DNA by restriction endonucleases were compared. The patterns of Acholeplasma axanthum strains isolated from a variety of hosts and habitats differed markedly from each other, indicating considerable genotypic heterogeneity among strains included in this species. Heterogeneity was less marked among the Acholeplasma oculi strains tested, and was minimal among strains of the avian pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Strains of Mycoplasma genitalium isolated from the urethra of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and from the urethra of an experimentally infected chimpanzee yielded identical cleavage patterns, indicating a high degree of genetic homogeneity of these strains. The data support the notion that mycoplasma species of strict host and tissue specificity exhibit marked genetic homogeneity. The advantages and deficiencies of the use of DNA cleavage patterns for classification purposes are discussed.
A subspace blind channel estimation method for OFDM systems without cyclic prefix (2002)

We propose a subspace based blind channel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over a time-dispersive channel. Our approach is motivated by the resemblance of the multichannel signal model resulting from oversampling (or use of multiple receive sensors) of the received OFDM signal to that in conventional single carrier system. The proposed algorithm distinguishes itself from many previously reported channel estimation methods by the elimination of the cyclic prefix, thereby leading to higher channel utilization. Comparison of the proposed method with other two reported subspace channel estimation methods is presented by computer simulations to support its effectiveness.
Transformation Kinetics of Chlorinated Ethenes by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Detection of Unstable Epoxides by On-Line Gas Chromatography (1996)

A rapid and accurate method for the determination of transformation kinetics of volatile organic substrates was developed. Concentrations were monitored by on-line gas chromatographic analysis of the headspace of well-mixed incubation mixtures. With this method, the kinetics of transformation of a number of C(inf1) and C(inf2) halogenated alkanes and alkenes by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b expressing particulate methane monooxygenase or soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) were studied. Apparent specific first-order rate constants for cells expressing sMMO decreased in the order of dichloromethane, vinyl chloride, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trans-1,2-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane. During the degradation of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trans-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride, the formation of the corresponding epoxides was observed. The epoxide of vinyl chloride and the epoxide of trichloroethene, which temporarily accumulated in the medium, were chemically degraded according to first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 78 and 21 s, respectively. Cells expressing sMMO actively degraded the epoxide of cis-1,2-dichloroethene but not the epoxide of trans-1,2-dichloroethene. Methane and acetylene inhibited degradation of the epoxide of cis-1,2-dichloroethene, indicating that sMMO was involved.
DNA Microarray-Based Typing of an Atypical Monophasic <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar (2002)

A multidrug-resistant fljB-lacking Salmonella enterica serovar [4,5,12:i:-] emerged in Spain in 1997. We analyzed the genome from four strains of this serovar using a microarray containing almost all the predicted protein coding regions of serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, including the pSLT plasmid. Only a few differences from serovar Typhimurium LT2 were observed, suggesting the serovar to be Typhimurium as well. Six regions of interest were identified from the microarray data. Cluster I was a deletion of 13 genes, corresponding to part of the regulon responsible for the anaerobic assimilation of allantoin. Clusters II and IV were associated with the absence of the Fels-1 and Fels-2 prophage. Cluster III was a small group of Gifsy-1 prophage-related genes that appeared to be deleted or replaced. Cluster V was a deletion of 16 genes, including iroB and the operon fljAB, which is reflected in the serovar designation. Region VI was the gene STM2240, which appears to have an additional homologue in these strains. The regions spanning the deletions involving the allantoin operon and the fljAB operon were PCR amplified and sequenced. PCR across these regions may be an effective marker for this particular emergent serovar. While the microarray data for all isolates of the new serovar were essentially identical for all LT2 chromosomal genes, the isolates differed in their similarity to pSLT, consistent with the heterogeneity in plasmid content among isolates of the new serovar. Recent isolates have acquired a more-complete subset of homologues to this virulence plasmid. In general, microarrays can provide useful complementary data to other typing methods.
SAMSON: Secure access for medical smart cards over networks (2010)

This paper presents several smart card security extensions to the FIPS 201 PIV standard of security and authentication of mobile health. Our contributions are designed to better protect the patient's data and to increase the functionality and interoperability of smart cards in health care. Our solution, called SAMSON, consists of two types of smart cards. The first, a security card, is issued to all personnel within any medical organization, while the second, the medical card, is issued to patients and used to securely store and retrieve health care information. These smart cards are being tested within a 14 hospital federated consortium in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
The Effect of Injection Speed on the Perception of Intramuscular Injection Pain (2001)

Injections are frequently administered by occupational health nurses in worksite health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying injection speed on the perception of pain. Fifty workers were given intramuscular (i.m.) hepatitis B vaccine at injection speeds of 10 and 30 seconds per cubic centimeter (s/cc). The perception of pain was measured on a visual analogue scale and reported post-injection at three different time intervals. The results showed that no difference in pain was perceived by participants between the two injection speeds. Results also revealed that women consistently had higher mean pain scores than men and significantly more pain at the 0 hour measurement of the 10 s/cc injection. While the results of this study indicate no need to administer an i.m. injection slower than 10 s/cc, occupational health nurses will need to consider gender differences in pain perception when administering injections.
Analysis of faults in an N-version software experiment (1990)

The authors have conducted a large-scale experiment in N-version programming. A total of 27 versions of a program were prepared independently from the same specification at two universities. The results of executing the versions revealed that the versions were individually extremely reliable but that the number of input cases in which more than one failed was substantially more than would be expected if they were statistically independent. After the versions had been executed, the failures of each version were examined and the associated faults located. It appears that minor differences in the software development environment would not have a major impact in reducing the incidence of faults that cause correlated failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Penta- O -galloyl-beta- d -glucose suppresses tumor growth via inhibition of angiogenesis and stimulation of apoptosis: roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (2005)

Recent studies have revealed that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) has anti-tumorigenic activity in vitro. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of PGG and examined its molecular mechanisms. PGG significantly inhibited the proliferation and tube formation in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. PGG effectively disrupted the bFGF-induced neo-vascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and in Matrigel plugs in the mice. When mice were intraperitoneally injected, PGG also significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and the growth of LLC by 57 and 91% of control tumor weight at 4 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased microvessel density, decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Similarly, PGG significantly attenuated the expression of COX-2 and VEGF and reduced the secretion of VEGF and prostaglandin E2 in bFGF-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 significantly inhibited tube formation and neo-vascularization in CAM, supporting the role of COX-2 in PGG inhibition of angiogenesis. PGG diminished the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, Jun NH2-terminal kinase and activated phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a dose-dependent manner in bFGF-treated HUVECs. In addition, p38 inhibitor SB203580 abolished the downregulation of COX-2, VEGF and the antiproliferative activity by PGG. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PGG exerts antitumor activity primarily via inhibition of angiogenesis through COX-2 and MAPK- dependent pathways.
Arm up administrators: automated vulnerability management (2004)

With the continuous flood of vulnerabilities of computers, vulnerability management is a very important task for administrators to keep systems as secure as possible. Facing numerous attackers armed with complicated, automated tools, current manual vulnerability management by administrators is so time-consuming, error-prone. Administrators also do need automated defensive tools. This paper proposes an open framework of automated vulnerability management that dramatically alleviates the burden of administrators and improves the security of systems. In this framework, we present three XML based markup languages, Common Vulnerability Markup Language (CVML), System Information Markup Language (SIML), Network System Markup Language (NSML) to express crucial information related to systems and vulnerabilities to facilitate automated exchange and processing. Host vulnerability managers (HVMs) running on the target host maintain the crucial system information in SIML, receive vulnerability advisories in CVML from various sources, decide what vulnerabilities exist, and try to fix vulnerabilities automatically if possible. Domain vulnerability managers (DVMs) are responsible for the vulnerability management in NSML of the local network. DVMs correlate reports from HVMs and scan for network-based vulnerabilities in this domain. We have implemented a prototype of the framework that shows the effectiveness and efficiency of our solution.
Arsenic removal studies in some ground waters of West Bengal, India (1997)

Abstract Water treatment with metal coagulants like alum and ferric chloride has long been recognised as an effective method for removal of arsenic. NEERI conducted coagulation ‐ flocculation studies on arsenic removal on water samples collected from six sources in West Bengal which are affected by arsenic. The physico‐chemical characteristics of these water samples were investigated. Extensive treatability studies have shown that a dose of 3.0 mg/L of chlorine (for pre‐chlorination) followed by 50 mg/L of ferric chloride was able to remove arsenic from the raw waters. Results of arsenic removal are discussed.
Electrical conduction and breakdown in oxides of polycrystalline silicon and their correlation with interface texture (1982)

The electrical properties of oxidized polysilicon (poly-oxide) were measured for samples of various thicknesses, grown from polysilicon which had been doped at temperatures of 900–1000 °C, and oxidized in steam or dry oxygen at temperatures of 850–1050 °C. The electrical conduction can be explained in terms of Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at sites of roughness of the polysilicon/poly-oxide interface, and in terms of deep electron traps near that interface, in agreement with previously published results. We have found additional evidence for such electron traps. We find that higher doping and oxidation temperatures tend to yield oxides with higher breakdown fields, although there is considerable variation among different sets of samples. We observe no significant differences in the polysilicon/poly-oxide interface texture by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. However, we find a strong correlation between the applied field necessary for a significant leakage current through the poly-oxide and the applied field which causes breakdown. This finding supports the model that both the leakage current and the oxide breakdown are caused by locally enhanced electric fields within the poly-oxide. The concepts of an enhanced local electric field due to polysilicon/poly-oxide interface roughness and of the formation of electron traps at regions of strong local electric field are used to model the experimentally observed conduction and breakdown processes and to propose additional effects. The electric field enhancement due to a hemispherical protuberance at the interface is calculated analytically.
Oligothiophenes End-Capped by Nitriles. Preparation and Crystal Structures of α,ω-Dicyanooligothiophenes NC(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>S)<i><sub>n</sub></i>CN (<i>n</i> = 3−6) (1997)

The synthesis of dicyanooligothiophenes NC(C4H2S)nCN (n = 3−6) is reported. For n = 3, 4, and 5 the dinitriles are generated by treatment of the corresponding dibromo compounds with copper(I) cyanide in quinoline. For n = 6 the preparation involves the Ni-catalyzed coupling of 5-bromo-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terthiophene-5‘‘-carbonitrile. The structures of all four dicyano derivatives have been determined by X-ray crystallography. For n = 3, the space group is monoclinic C2/c, with a = 18.363(7), b = 11.8356(9), c = 30.666(4) Å, β = 102.15(2)°, V = 6515(3) Å3, Z = 20. For n = 4 the space group is triclinic P1̄, a = 7.3254(9), b = 7.8658(6), c = 8.1813(8) Å, α = 64.706(8), β = 76.059(8), γ = 76.692(8)°, V = 409.29(7) Å3, Z = 1. For n = 5 the space group is monoclinic C2/c, with a = 13.633(4), b = 11.706(5), c = 37.073(8) Å, β = 90.22(2)°, V = 5929(3) Å3, Z = 12. For n = 6, the space group is monoclinic P21/a, with a = 13.8962(14), b = 5.9100(16), c = 14.0798(16) Å, β = 98.446(4)°, V = 1143.8(4) Å3, Z = 2. In all four structures the molecules are approximately planar, with all-trans thiophene rings. The oligomers are linked into ribbonlike arrays by intermolecular CN- - -H contacts. For n = 3, 4, and 5 these ribbons are stacked in approximately coplanar layers (π-stacks). For n = 6 the ribbons are packed in a herringbone motif very similar to that observed in H(C4H2S)6H (α-6T). The UV−visible spectra of NC(C4H2S)nCN (n = 2−6) have been recorded, and shifts in the π−π* excitation energies of these compounds relative to those found in other α,ω-disubstituted oligothiophenes are interpreted in the light of MNDO calculations. Extended Hückel band structure calculations on NC(C4H2S)nCN (n = 4 and 6) indicate substantial intermolecular interactions; both structures have well-developed 2-dimensional electronic structures.