gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogen derived resistance to Potato virus Y: mechanisms and risks (1999)

Since the concept of pathogen derived resistance (PDR) was proposed in 1985, genetic transformation of plants to express virus-derived sequences has been used to engineer resistance to many viruses. This paper reviews PDR approaches to Potato virus Y (PVY, type member of the genus Potyvirus). PDR to viruses operates often through RNA-mediated resistance mechanisms that do not require protein expression. Studies on the RNA-mediated resistance have led to the discovery of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a mechanism that controls gene expression in eukaryotic cells and provides natural protection against virus infections. Viruses, in turn, can suppress the PTGS with some of their proteins, such as the helper component-proteinase protein of PVY. Expression of PVY proteins in transgenic plants entails a risk for heterologous encapsidation or synergism with viruses that infect the PVY-resistant transgenic plant. These risks are avoided using RNA-mediated resistance, but a risk still exists for recombination between the transgene transcript and the RNA genome of the infecting virus, which may create a virus with altered properties. The harmful consequences can be limited to some extent by removing functional motifs from the viral sequence used as a transgene.;
Microsecond reconfigurable NxN data-communication switch using DMD (2014)

We present here the use the DMD as a diffraction-based optical switch, where Fourier diffraction patterns are used to steer the incoming beams to any output configuration. We have implemented a single-mode fiber coupled N X N switch and demonstrated its ability to operate over the entire telecommunication C-band centered at 1550 nm. The all-optical switch was built primarily with off-the-shelf components and a Texas Instruments DLP7000™with an array of 1024 X 768 micromirrors. This DMD is capable of switching 100 times faster than currently available technology (3D MOEMS). The switch is robust to typical failure modes, protocol and bit-rate agnostic, and permits full reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexing (ROADM). The switch demonstrator was inserted into a networking testbed for the majority of the measurements. The testbed assembled under the Center for Integrated Access Networks (ClAN), a National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center (ERC), provided an environment in which to simulate and test the data routing functionality of the switch. A Fujitsu Flashwave 9500 PS was used to provide the data signal, which was sent through the switch and received by a second Flashwave node. We successfully transmitted an HD video stream through a switched channel without any measurable data loss.
Short Syntheses Of (±)-6-Desoxy-6-Nitrodaunomycinone And (±)-11-Amino-6, 11-Didesoxy-6-Nitrodaunomycinone (1992)

Abstract 6-Desoxy-6-Nitrodaunomycinone (1b), Daunomycinone (1f) And The Novel (±)-11-Amino-6,11-Didesoxy-6-Nitrodaunomycinone (1g) Have Been Synthesized In 7,8 And 8 Steps Respectively From The Dihydroxy Ester (3a); The Addition Of Nitromethane To (3a) Works Efficiently Only When The Hydroxyls Are Equatorial.
Generalized Label for Super-Channel Assignment on Flexible Grid (2013)

To enable scaling of existing transport systems to ultra high data
rates of 1 Tbps and beyond, next generation systems providing super-
channel switching capability are currently being developed. To allow
efficient allocation of optical spectral bandwidth for such high bit
rate systems, International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is extending the G.694.1 grid standard
(termed Fixed-Grid) to include flexible grid (termed Flex-Grid)
support (draft revised ITU-T G.694.1, revision 1.4, Oct 2011). This
necessitates definition of new label format for the Flex-Grid. This
document defines a super-channel label as a Super-Channel Identifier
and an associated list of 12.5 GHz slices representing the optical
spectrum of the super-channel. The label information can be encoded
using a fixed length or variable length format. This label format can
be used in GMPLS signaling and routing protocol to establish super-
channel based optical label switched paths (LSPs).
Cholesteryl octanoate breath test. Preliminary studies on a new noninvasive test of human pancreatic exocrine function. (1987)

A new breath test for noninvasive assessment of pancreatic exocrine function in humans was developed. The test is based on the hydrolysis of cholesteryl-[1-14C]octanoate by pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) with subsequent absorption and hepatic metabolism of the liberated octanoate to 14CO2. The rate at which 14CO2 appears in breath appeared to be proportional to the rate of hydrolysis. The substrate is administered as a gum acacia stabilized emulsion of vegetable oil (18 g) containing cholesteryl octanoate (2 g; 4.4 microCi) dispersed in a 500-ml isotonic meal. Tests were performed in 6 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with pancreatic disease with varying degrees of steatorrhea. In healthy subjects, 14CO2 output was rapid with peak output occurring at 60-90 min in all subjects; cumulative output in 4 h averaged 30%. Duplicate studies indicated that the time-course of 14CO2 recovery was reproducible. The pattern of 14CO2 output in patients with pancreatic disease varied widely. Patients without steatorrhea (fecal fat less than or equal to 7 g/day) or with mild steatorrhea (fecal fat 7-11 g/day) had normal or near normal patterns of 14CO2 output, whereas patients with moderate or severe steatorrhea (fecal fat greater than 11 g/day) expired 14CO2 at a rate one-third to one-tenth that of the healthy volunteers. Addition of pancreatic enzyme supplementation to the test meal increased 14CO2 output in 6 of 6 patients with moderate or severe steatorrhea, suggesting that the activity of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase was rate limiting in these patients. In an additional study in a healthy volunteer, 14CO2 and 13CO2 were measured simultaneously in breath after ingestion of a test meal containing cholesteryl-[1-13C]octanoate and 14C-octanoate. 14CO2 was expired more rapidly than 13CO2, suggesting that hydrolysis of the substrate may also be rate limiting in healthy volunteers. These studies indicate that severe pancreatic exocrine dysfunction can be detected with a simple breath test in 60-90 min.
Feedback control of CSD in a KCL crystallizer with a fines dissolver (1987)

Abstract On‐line crystal size distribution control in an 18 L KCl crystallizer, equipped with a fines dissolver, was experimentally studied using inferential control of nuclei density. The control algorithm used was proportional control of inferred nuclei density by manipulation of fines removal rate. A sudden 5–8°C drop in the temperature of the crystallizer was used as a standard upset, which produced a fairly reproducible burst of nuclei. Nuclei density was then estimated from the fine crystal distribution in the fines loop using a light‐scattering instrument. The control study was implemented by a computer program that used the current value of nuclei density to calculate updated set points of the fines removal rate. Simple proportional control of nuclei density in response to changes in fines removal rate was shown to be an effective way to minimize fluctuations in the product crystal size distribution that are caused by nucleation disturbances.
The effects of user distribution on CDMA antenna array receivers (2002)

This paper discusses the use of sectorised antenna array receivers for the reverse links of cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The distribution of users in the sector can seriously alter the sector capacity that can be achieved. Simulation results are presented to show the effect of user clustering on system performance for a number of different scenarios.
Attenuation of low-frequency underwater sound using an array of air-filled balloons and comparison to effective medium theory (2017)

The ultimate goal of this work is to accurately predict the attenuation through a collection of large (on the order of 10-cm-radius) tethered encapsulated bubbles used in underwater noise abatement systems. Measurements of underwater sound attenuation were performed during a set of lake experiments, where a low-frequency compact electromechanical sound source was surrounded by different arrays of encapsulated bubbles with various individual bubbles sizes and void fractions. The measurements were compared with an existing predictive model [Church, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1510-1521 (1995)] of the dispersion relation for linear propagation in liquid containing encapsulated bubbles. Although the model was originally intended to describe ultrasound contrast agents, it is evaluated here for large bubbles, and hence low frequencies, as a design tool for future underwater noise abatement systems, and there is good quantitative agreement between the observations and the model.
Example-based brightness and contrast enhancement (2013)

Brightness and contrast heavily influence image visual quality; therefore, modern digital camera image processing pipelines typically include a brightness and contrast enhancement (BCE) algorithm that enhances visual quality by applying tone mapping to the image. There are many BCE methods published in the literature that are variations of histogram equalization (HE) and contrast stretching (CS). When tested on large image databases, there are always certain images where these algorithms fail because image content is very diverse and a fixed method fails to adapt to this large variation. Our paper addresses this problem. We have developed an example-based BCE algorithm that can adapt its behavior to different scene types by using training examples that are hand-tuned by human observers for optimal visual quality. Our algorithm models the optimal enhancement function from these training images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, given a new image, the algorithm predicts the best amount of enhancement by extrapolating from closest training images. We have performed perceptual evaluations that conclude that our algorithm effectively enhances brightness and contrast judged by human observers.
Engineering the <i>aveC</i> gene to enhance the ratio of doramectin to its CHC‐B2 analogue produced in <i>Streptomyces avermitilis</i> (2003)

Avermectin and its analogues are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis and are major commercial products for parasite control in the fields of animal health, agriculture, and human infections. Historically, the avermectin analogue doramectin (CHC-B1), which is sold commercially as Dectomax is co-produced during fermentation with the undesired analogue CHC-B2 at a CHC-B2:CHC-B1 ratio of 1.6:1. Although the identification of the avermectin gene cluster has allowed for characterization of most of the biosynthetic pathway, the mechanism for determining the avermectin B2:B1 ratio remains unclear. The aveC gene, which has an essential role in avermectin biosynthesis, was inactivated by insertional inactivation and mutated by site-specific mutagenesis and error-prone PCR. Several unrelated mutations were identified that resulted in improved ratios of the desirable avermectin analogue CHC-B1, produced relative to the undesired CHC-B2 fermentation component. High-throughput (HTP) screening of cultures grown on solid-phase fermentation plates and analysis using electrospray mass spectrometry was implemented to significantly increase screening capability. An aveC gene with mutations that result in a 4-fold improvement in the ratio of doramectin to CHC-B2 was identified. Subsequent integration of the enhanced aveC gene into the chromosome of the S. avermitilis production strain demonstrates the successful engineering of a specific biosynthetic pathway gene to significantly improve fermentation productivity of a commercially important product.
New Classical Least-Squares/Partial Least-Squares Hybrid Algorithm for Spectral Analyses (2001)

A new classical least-squares/partial least-squares (CLS/PLS) hybrid algorithm has been developed that demonstrates the best features of both the CLS and PLS algorithms during the analysis of spectroscopic data. By adding our recently reported prediction-augmented classical least-squares (PACLS) to the hybrid algorithm, we have the additional benefit that known or empirically derived spectral shape information can be incorporated into the hybrid algorithm to correct for the presence of unmodeled sources of spectral variation. A detailed step-by-step description of the new hybrid algorithm in calibration and prediction is presented. The powerful capabilities of the new PACLS/PLS hybrid are demonstrated for near-infrared spectra of dilute aqueous solutions containing the analytes urea, creatinine, and NaCl. The PACLS/PLS method is demonstrated to correct the detrimental effects of unmodeled solution temperature changes and spectrometer drift in the multivariate spectral calibration models. Initially, PLS and PACLS/PLS predictions of analytes from variable-temperature solution spectra were made with models based upon spectra previously taken of the samples at constant temperature. The presence of unmodeled temperature variations and system drift caused the prediction errors from these models to be inflated by more than an order of magnitude relative to the cross-validated errors from the calibrations. PLS achieved improved predictions of the variable-temperature spectra by adding spectra of a few variable-temperature samples into the original calibration data followed by recalibration. PACLS/PLS predictions were corrected for temperature variations and system drift by adding spectral differences of the same subset of samples collected under constant- and variable-temperature conditions to the PACLS prediction portion of the hybrid algorithm during either calibration or prediction. Comparisons of the prediction ability of the hybrid algorithm relative to the PLS method using the same calibration and subset information demonstrated hybrid prediction improvements that were significant at least at the 0.01 level for all three analytes. The new hybrid algorithm has widespread uses, some of which are also discussed in the paper.
New Fluorinated and Sulfonated Block Copolymers Final Report (2009)

Abstract : A new class of fluorinated and sulfonated block copolymers was synthesized and characterized with respect to morphology using TEM and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Proton and methanol transport properties were evaluated with a view toward using these materials for fuel cell membranes. The materials formed microphase separated morphologies, which were generally less well ordered than unfluorinated and sulfonated block copolymers.
Fiberoptic microneedles: Novel optical diffusers for interstitial delivery of therapeutic light (2011)

We developed novel microscale optical diffusers that provided a more homogeneous light distribution from their surfaces, and compared performance to a flat-cleaved fiber, a device currently utilized in clinical practice. These fiberoptic microneedles can potentially enhance clinical laser procedures by providing direct delivery of diffuse light to target chromophores, while minimizing undesirable photothermal damage in adjacent, non-target tissue.
Abstract A055: Potent therapeutic and immunological effects of the first T-BiTE derived from a TCR-mimic antibody targeting intracellular oncoprotein WT1 (2016)

Abstract Bi-specific T cell engager antibody (BiTE) therapy has recently emerged as an effective immunotherapy by redirecting polyclonal T cell cytotoxicity against cell surface protein on tumor cells. We generated the first BiTE construct derived from a TCR-mimic monoclonal antibody (mAb), ESK1, specific for a peptide from an intracellular oncoprotein, WT1, in the context of HLA-A*02:01 molecules. Despite the low density peptide/HLA-A2 complex on the cell surface, ESK-BiTE was able to selectively activate and induce proliferation of cytolytic human T cells to kill multiple leukemias and cancers in vitro and in mice. Surprisingly, we also discovered that in an autologous setting, ESK-BiTE induced a robust secondary CD8 T cell response specific for antigens other than WT1, including HLA-A2-restricted her2-neu-derived peptide 369-377, in patients with her2- positive ovarian cancer. Therefore, the study demonstrated a new vaccinal mechanism for BiTE mAb action that could contribute to more effective long-term therapeutic activity of BiTE's and further broaden their reach to other tumor antigens not previously known or originally targeted. Citation Format: Tao Dao, Dmitry Pankov, Andrew Scott, Tatyana Korontsvit, Victoriya Zakhaleva, Manuel Direito de Morais Guerrerio, Yiyang Xu, Jingyi Xiang, Su Yan, Nicholas Veomett, Nicholas Veomett, Leonid Dubrovsky, Michael Curcio, Ekaterina Doubrovina, Cheng Liu, Richard J. O'Reilly, David A. Scheinberg. Potent therapeutic and immunological effects of the first T-BiTE derived from a TCR-mimic antibody targeting intracellular oncoprotein WT1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A055.
Mapping of a blast field resistance gene <i>Pi39(t)</i> of elite rice strain Chubu 111 (2008)

Abstract We investigated the mode of inheritance and map location of field resistance to rice blast in the elite rice strain Chubu 111, and yield under severe blast conditions. Chubu 111 carries the complete resistance gene Pii , although field testing showed this strain to be susceptible to infection. The level of field resistance of Chubu 111 was so high that chemicals used to control blast were not required, even in an epiphytotic area. Genetic analysis of field resistance to blast in 149 F 3 lines derived from a cross between Chubu 111 and the susceptible cultivar ‘Mineasahi’ suggested that field resistance is controlled by a dominant gene, designated Pi39(t) , that cosegregates with the single sequence repeat marker loci RM3843 and RM5473 on chromosome 4. Comparative studies of polymorphism at RM3843 among Chubu 111 and six cultivars or lines in its pedigree suggested that the donor of the resistance gene was the Chinese cultivar ‘Haonaihuan’. Marker‐assisted selection of Pi39(t) should be useful in rice‐breeding programmes for field resistance to blast.
Management of Dollar Spot on Creeping Bentgrass with Metabolites of <i>Pseudomonas aureofaciens</i> (TX-1) (2000)

Antifungal extracts from four strains of bacteria that were selected for their ability to inhibit fungal turfgrass pathogens were compared for in vitro activity. The cell extract from Pseudomonas aureofaciens Tx-1 (ATCC 55670) exhibited the greatest antifungal activity against selected turfgrass pathogens. Purification of the extract yielded a single active component that was identified as phenazine-1 carboxylic acid (PCA). Minimum inhibitory concentrations of PCA to tested fungal pathogens ranged from 10 to 25 µg/ml. In greenhouse studies, PCA provided management of dollar spot on creeping bentgrass equal to that of the commercial fungicides triadimefon and chlorothalonil at equivalent rates of active ingredient. Phytotoxic effects were observed on creeping bentgrass in greenhouse but not field evaluations of PCA at the rate of 0.48 g/m<sup>2</sup>. At the end of 2 years of field study, PCA applied every 14 days at 0.15 g/m<sup>2</sup> provided dollar spot management on creeping bentgrass equal to that of chlorothalonil applied every 10 days at the label rate of 0.48 g/m<sup>2</sup>.
Polarization control of polarimetric fiber-laser sensors (1993)

Methods of polarization control for optimum operation of the fiber laser as polarimetric fiber-laser sensors are proposed and demonstrated. The fiber-laser cavity consisted of two sections of equal length of polarization-maintaining fiber with a splice rotated by 90°. Temperature change and longitudinal strain applied to the fiber produced the slope coefficients of 30 kHz/(°C cm) and 43 kHz/μm, respectively. We also demonstrate single-polarization operation of the fiber laser by simply bending the laser fiber.
Low Urinary<i>chiro</i>-Inositol Excretion in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1990)

NIDDM is associated with decreased chiro-inositol excretion and decreased chiro-inositol content in muscle. These abnormalities seem to reflect the presence of insulin resistance in NIDDM:
Boranes in Synthesis. 5. The Hydroboration of Enamines with Mono- and Dialkylboranes. Asymmetric Synthesis of .beta.-Amino Alcohols of Moderate Enantiomeric Purity from Aldehyde Enamines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoranes in Synthesis. 5. The Hydroboration of Enamines with Mono- and Dialkylboranes. Asymmetric Synthesis of .beta.-Amino Alcohols of Moderate Enantiomeric Purity from Aldehyde EnaminesGary B. Fisher, Christian T. Goralski, Lawrence W. Nicholson, Dennis L. Hasha, Donald Zakett, and Bakthan SingaramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7, 2026–2034Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00112a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views859Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Digitally Controlled Oscillators With Reconfigurable Passive Resonators (2013)

Two new millimeter-wave digitally controlled oscillators (DCOs) that achieve a tuning range >10% and fine frequency resolution 1 MHz simultaneously are described. Switched metal capacitors distributed across a passive resonator tune the oscillation frequency. To obtain sub-MHz frequency resolution, tuning step attenuation techniques exploiting an inductor and a transformer are proposed. Two 60-GHz implementations, a fine-resolution inductor-based DCO (L-DCO) and a transformer-coupled DCO (T-DCO), are demonstrated in 90-nm CMOS. The phase noise of both DCOs is lower than -90.5 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset across 56-62 GHz. The T-DCO achieves a fine frequency tuning step of 2.5 MHz, whereas the L-DCO tuning step is over one order of magnitude finer at 160 kHz. The L-DCO and T-DCO consume 10 and 12 mA, respectively, from a 1.2-V supply. The size of each DCO core is 0.4 ×0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Reliable transaction management in a multidatabase system (1990)

A model of a multidatabase system is defined in which each local DBMS uses the two-phase locking protocol Locks are released by a global transaction only after the transaction commits or aborts at each local site. Failures may occur during the processing of transactions. We design a fault tolerant transaction management algorithm and recovery procedures that retain global database consistency. We also show that our algorithms ensure freedom from global deadlocks of any kind.