gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Progress in field-sequential color shutter technology</title> (1997)

We report on recent progress in the development of anew liquid crystal color shutter technology that provides high throughput and saturated color. These devices, when combined with high frame rate displays or imagers, convert monochrome to color using the sequential color technique. The current focus is on designs that are compatible with low cost nematic liquid crystal switches.
Decision letter: Herpesviral lytic gene functions render the viral genome susceptible to novel editing by CRISPR/Cas9 (2019)

CRISPR genome editing technology can efficiently introduce mutations into lytic and latent HSV genomes to block lytic replication and reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus genome though differential mechanisms.
Design and implementation of high performance file systems (2004)

The widening performance gap between the magnetic disk, the CPU, and the memory subsystem has been well documented. Current technological advances show a continuation in this trend. On the other hand, file systems are exposed to new and heavier workloads that did not exist when they were originally conceived. Obviously, both hardware and workload factors aggravate the long-standing problem of I/O bottleneck. In order to alleviate this problem by using commodity hardware, traditional file system designs must be re-worked to better exploit the current hardware characteristics in an effort to meet the needs of demanding workloads. Unfortunately, the sheer degree of complexity involved in designing and implementing a complete file system makes it difficult to adapt existing designs to the changing environment in a timely fashion. More often than not, compatibility issues also crop up to thwart file system innovations. 
The motivation of this research is to improve file system performance by addressing the problem of disk seeking directly because disk seeking is often the single largest impediment in realizing good performance. The central theme in this dissertation is therefore to minimize disk seek time and to make each seek worthwhile by using various strategies. In this dissertation, we investigate several new ideas to achieve this goal, including the use of multiple inode formats, an extent summary tree, and a lightweight journaling scheme. This dissertation also explores the benefits of combining two types of update strategies, update-in-place and update-out-of-place, into a single file system design. 
To validate our designs, two fully functional file systems, yFS and hFS, are developed on FreeBSD from scratch. We use a variety of benchmarks to assess the performance of these two file systems against a state-of-the-art file system on FreeBSD—Fast File System (FFS) with Soft Updates. Our evaluations show that yFS and hFS enjoy strong performance advantages over FFS with Soft Updates. In some cases, the performance improvements are over 50%.
Shadow And-Inverter Cones (2013)

Despite their many advantages, FPGAs still come with significant overheads in area, delay, and power consumption due to an extreme programmability in both the routing and logic. From the performance perspective, large logic blocks, capable of covering big portions of circuits, lead to fewer hops in the routing network, and thus, to a shorter critical path. Recent work has shown that And-Inverter Cones (AICs) can considerably reduce the number of logic block levels compared to Look-Up Tables (LUTs), in a radically altered FPGAs architecture. In this paper, we use AICs as shadow logic for LUTs, which incurs minimal architectural changes with respect to current FPGAs, while exploiting the benefits of both AICs and LUTs. We also propose changes in the AIC architecture, for a more compact technology mapping. The new architecture reduces the average circuit delay by up to 35% with respect to standard FPGAs at the expense of a 3x increase in the number of the logic clusters. Other benchmarks show more moderate area overheads, e.g., 16% delay improvement for 20% area overhead.
A new route to strained cyclic disilanylene–acetylenes(1,2,5,6-tetrasilacyclo-octa-3,7-diyne) (1988)

Treatment of 1,2-dichlorodisilanes with di-Grignard reagents of 1,2-diethynyldisilanes leads to high yields of the eight-membered ring compounds (1a–c) which have u.v. absorptions near 250 nm indicative of σ–π conjugation.
Large Memristor Crossbars for Analog Computing (2018)

Memristor with tunable non-volatile resistance offers in-memory computing capability that avoids the von-Neumann bottleneck. However, large-scale experimental demonstration to this end is yet to be implemented due to the immaturity of the device and integration technologies. Here in this paper we report our recent process in analog computing using analog-voltage-amplitude-vector input and analog-memristor-conductance matrix, with applications in signal and image processing. The vector matrix multiplication is processed in the memristor crossbars in one step, with 5-8 bit precision depending on the array size. The demonstration is made possible by high memristor yield (99.8%), stable multilevel memresistance states, linear current-voltage (IV) relation in the operation range, and low wire resistance between the cells.
An eco‐efficient rationalized leather process (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The leather industry is under pressure to develop environmentally efficient leather‐making processes to comply with modern pollution and discharge legislation. Conventional leather‐processing methods are known to contribute significant pollution loads in tannery wastewaters. The rationalized process described here involves a salt‐free curing, lime and sulfide‐free beamhouse process and post‐tanning followed by tanning employing a reverse leather‐processing technique. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis substantiated that the grain surface, fibre separation and tight packing of fibres are similar for leathers from conventional and rationalized processes. The functional performance of the leathers is found to be on par with that of conventionally processed leathers. The rationalized leather process reduces the usage and discharge of chemicals by 68% and 82%, respectively. It also enjoys the reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand, Cl − , SO 4 2− and total solids loads by 58%, 62%, 95%, 66% and 85%, respectively. The rationalized process also results in reduction of water consumption and discharge and energy by 37%, 37% and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rationalized process utilizes resources efficiently with reduced environmental impact without compromising leather qualities and can be seen as being eco‐efficient compared to the conventional leather process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with human colon cancer. (2002)

The early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the early detection of recurrence are central to effective treatment, as prognosis is directly related to the stage of the disease. When colorectal cancer is diagnosed at an early, localized stage, 5-year survival is 90%. With regional lymph node metastases, survival drops to 45-60%, and with distant metastases, 5-year survival is <5%. Development of tumor markers that can detect colon cancer at an early stage should have a major impact in mortality from this disease. The nuclear matrix is the structural scaffolding of the nucleus, and specific nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) have been identified as an oncological "fingerprint" for bladder, renal, and prostate cancers. We have successfully used this approach to develop an immunoassay that detected bladder cancer early in a clinical trial with a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 100%. The objective of the present study was to identify the existence of a specific NMP fingerprint for human colon cancer, using high-resolution, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and thereby identify unique human colon cancer NMPs. Ten matched colon cancer and adjacent normal samples and 4 normal donor samples were analyzed. Analysis of multiple gels for each sample identified four proteins present in all tumor samples that were not present in the matched normal adjacent and normal colon tissue and six proteins present only in normal adjacent and normal colon tissue. Additionally, two proteins were found in all cancer and normal tissues, but not in the normal adjacent tissue. Data provided here demonstrate that examination of the nuclear matrix composition allows differentiation of colon cancer tissue from normal adjacent and normal colon tissue. Development of an assay to detect these specific NMPs by examining tissue, serum, and stool specimens is a promising modality for early detection of colorectal cancer. In addition, the functional characterization of these proteins and their early detection through the generation of NMP antibodies could significantly impact on the understanding of cancer progression and its diagnosis.
Scan blindness-free electromagnetic bandgap phased arrays (2017)

A new type and multifunctional electromagnetic bandgap material, i.e. bandgap-antenna structure, is used as an antenna element in a planar phased array configuration. The structure provides mode-free bandgap, antenna, and phased array element characteristics simultaneously. A stripline impedance matching network is used to match bandgap-antenna element's input impedance. The phased array eliminates sc.an blindness completely along all possible scan directions.
PREPARATION OF THERMO-SENSITIVE POLYMER MICROGELS BY ALTERED-TEMPERATURE SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION (2005)

An altered-temperature inverse suspension polymerization,which was suitable for negatively thermosensitive macromers,was presented to prepare thermosensitive and biodegradable microgels.The thermosensitivity and biodegradability of microgels come from those of macromers.The microgels were synthesized in suspension,in which the continuous phase was heptane.Ammonium persulphate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine were employed as the initiating system.The negatively thermosensitive macromer aqueous solution was first dispersed well at low temperatures(lower than the sol-gel transition temperature of the macromer solution) and then crosslinked after raising temperature.The highlight of this approach is the avoidance of dispersion difficulty of the dispersion phase because of its physical gelation at polymerizing temperature.The thermosensitivity and biodegradation of the resulting microgels were confirmed.The volume phase transition temperature of microgels was around 25℃,and the volume of microgels at 37℃ was less than half of that at 4℃.Microgels were completely degraded into water-soluble products.It was necessary to add aqueous solutions of initiator and accelerator into the continuous phase after raising temperature.The ratio of oil to water influenced the morphology of microgels to a certain degree.
Iterative image subset scanning for image reconstruction from sensor signals (2015)

Image reconstruction techniques from signals received by sensors find application in several fields, including radio interferometry for astronomical investigations and magnetic resonance imaging for medical applications. This paper presents a novel method for image reconstruction based on the iterative scanning of a region of interest. A modified approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm is adopted to extract relevant image information with low computational complexity from signals received by sensors. The method is illustrated by simulations, with reference to the LOFAR radio interferometer, and compared in the case of radio astronomy with the CLEAN algorithm.
A Novel IoT System For Patient-Centric Pressure Ulcer Prevention Using Sensor Embedded Dressings (2022)

Pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure to an area of the body. PU/Is affect over 2.5 million individuals in the United States annually, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and incur a cost of approximately $11 billion to the US healthcare system. Mitigating PU/Is continues to be a challenging task using traditional methods due to their time-and labor-intensive nature, and existing technological solutions tend to be prohibitively expensive, inefficiently implemented, or ineffective. Thus, there is a clear unmet need for a holistic, end-to-end, hospital-integrated, patient-centric system for PU/I prevention. Such a system can monitor pressure at high-risk areas and uses real-time sensor data, analysis, and visualization to guide clinicians and caregivers to perform effective preventative measures. In this paper, we describe a proof of concept of this system, which integrates: (A) a prototype "smart wound dressing" capable of detecting of changes in interface pressure and patient angle over time, including during routine patient repositioning maneuvers; and (B) an open software infrastructure that collects pressure-over-time data, stores, analyzes, and displays them to clinicians and caregivers. We present preliminary results obtained using our current prototype which uses machine learning algorithms to infer a patient's current position based on data from the pressure sensor.
Sensorless Control of Separately Excited Synchronous Electrostatic Machines (2021)

This article presents the analysis and demonstration of sensorless position estimation methodologies for separately excited synchronous electrostatic machines (SEMs). The torque density of the SEM comes at the cost of a high pole count (p >50) along with other enhancements. The high pole count makes the use of high-resolution position sensors necessary, driving up the cost of the system. The sensorless estimation of rotor position is seen as a solution for alleviating the need for high-resolution and high-cost position sensors. Key features of electrostatic machines that make them suitable for sensorless operation are identified. Back MMF (current) based rotor position sensing for medium to high speeds is investigated. High-frequency injection-based position estimation is investigated for zero and low-speed operating regions. The proposed methods are experimentally demonstrated using a current-source inverter-based drive platform.
Column Bifurcation with Tunable Selectivity for High-Speed Gas Chromatography (1993)

Journal Article Column Bifurcation with Tunable Selectivity for High-Speed Gas Chromatography Get access M. Akard, M. Akard Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Sacks R. Sacks * Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 31, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/31.8.297 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 02 April 1993 Revision received: 26 April 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Purely gain-coupled distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (1990)

We propose a new distributed feedback (DFB) laser structure in which almost pure gain coupling can be embodied in principle, without sacrificing low threshold operation. An analysis of coupling coefficients has revealed the condition for canceling index-coupling component. Utilizing organometallic vapor phase epitaxy, we have fabricated GaAlAs/GaAs ridge waveguide distributed feedback lasers having this structure. Excellent single longitudinal mode oscillation independent of facet reflection has been obtained along with low threshold current. The single-mode spectrum has exhibited distinctive characters of purely gain-coupled DFB lasers.
High-performance interband cascade lasers emitting in the 2.9-4.2 μm wavelength range (2008)

Advances in the development of mid-IR antimonide type-II "W" interband cascade lasers (ICLs) have recently led to the first demonstration of continuous wave operation at room temperature. The 5-stage narrow-ridge Auelectroplated ICL emitted at λ= 3.75 μm produced over 10 mW of cw power at 300 K and operated to 319 K. The considerable increase in Tmax was realized by carefully optimizing both the design and the MBE growth of these complicated multilayer structures. The internal loss was decreased by reducing the doping in the claddings and separate-confinement regions, and then using fewer stages to take advantage of the lower dissipated power density while still having enough gain to reach threshold. We find that the improved properties are similarly available in devices spanning the spectral window of at least 3.2-4.2 μm.
meso‐Porphyrinyl‐Substituted Porphyrin and Expanded Porphyrins. (2004)

A series of <i>meso</i>-porphyrinyl-substituted expanded porphyrins were prepared from the 1:1 acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of 4-porphyrinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzaldehyde and pyrrole.
Three‐dimensional inhomogeneous magnetization transfer with rapid gradient‐echo (3D ihMTRAGE) imaging (2020)

Use of preparations necessary for ihMT experiments within an MPRAGE-style sequence provides a useful alternative for acquiring 3D ihMT data. Compared with our steady-state implementation, ihMTRAGE provided reduced power deposition, while allowing use of the maximum intensity from off-resonance RF pulses. The 3D ihMTRAGE acquisition allowed combination of other modules with the preparation necessary for ihMT experiments, specifically motion compensation and spatial saturation modules.
Progress in Growth of Thick Epitaxial Layers on 4 Degree Off-Axis 4H SiC Substrates (2012)

This paper reports the progress of the thick epitaxy development at Dow Corning. Epiwafers with thickness of 50 – 100 m have been grown on 4° off-axis 76mm 4H SiC substrates. Smooth surface with RMS roughness below 1nm and defect density down to 2 cm-2 are achieved for 80 - 100 m thick epiwafers. Long carrier lifetime of 2 – 4 s are routinely obtained, and low BPD density in the range of 50 down to below 10 cm-2 is confirmed. High voltage JBS diodes have been successfully fabricated on these wafers with thick epitaxial layers.
An access point for mobile devices in a packet based network and a method and a system for billing in such a network : US Patent Application, US2004/005878 (2004)

An access point for mobile devices in a packet based network and a method and a system for billing in such a network : US Patent Application, US2004/005878
36-Context dynamic optically reconfigurable gate array (2009)

Optically reconfigurable gate arrays (ORGAs) have been developed for the purposes of realizing large virtual gates and increasing a gate array's performance by combining a holographic memory with a programmable gate array. In addition, dynamic optically reconfigurable gate arrays (DORGAs) using a photodiode memory architecture have been developed to realize a high-density VLSI. We have already demonstrated a 16-context DORGA architecture with a nanosecond-order reconfiguration capability. This paper presents a more advanced 36-context DORGA with performance that exceeds that of current dynamic reconfigurable devices.
An Interactive 3-D Audio System With Loudspeakers (2011)

Traditional 3-D audio systems using two loudspeakers often have a limited sweet spot and may suffer from poor performance in reverberant environments. This paper presents a novel binaural 3-D audio system that actively combines head tracking and room modeling into 3-D audio synthesis. The user's head position and orientation are first tracked by a webcam-based 3-D head tracker. The system then improves its robustness to head movement and strong early reflections by incorporating the tracking information and an explicit room model into the binaural synthesis and crosstalk cancellation process. Sensitivity analysis on the room model shows that the method is reasonably robust to modeling errors. Subjective listening tests confirm that the proposed 3-D audio system significantly improves the users' perception and ability for localization.
Better Late than Never; Scaling Computation in Blockchains by Delaying Execution (2020)

Proof-of-Work~(PoW) based blockchains typically allocate only a tiny fraction (e.g., less than 1% for Ethereum) of the average interarrival time~($\mathbb{I}$) between blocks for validating transactions. A trivial increase in validation time~($τ$) introduces the popularly known Verifier's Dilemma, and as we demonstrate, causes more forking and increases unfairness. Large $τ$ also reduces the tolerance for safety against a Byzantine adversary. Solutions that offload validation to a set of non-chain nodes (a.k.a. off-chain approaches) suffer from trust issues that are non-trivial to resolve. In this paper, we present Tuxedo, the first on-chain protocol to theoretically scale $τ/\mathbb{I} \approx 1$ in PoW blockchains. The key innovation in Tuxedo is to separate the consensus on the ordering of transactions from their execution. We achieve this by allowing miners to delay validation of transactions in a block by up to $ζ$ blocks, where $ζ$ is a system parameter. We perform security analysis of Tuxedo considering all possible adversarial strategies in a synchronous network with end-to-end delay $Δ$ and demonstrate that Tuxedo achieves security equivalent to known results for longest chain PoW Nakamoto consensus. Additionally, we also suggest a principled approach for practical choices of parameter $ζ$ as per the application requirement. Our prototype implementation of Tuxedo atop Ethereum demonstrates that it can scale $τ$ without suffering the harmful effects of naive scaling in existing blockchains.
Laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation and its applications (2003)

It is a high challenge to fabricate glass microstructures in Photonics and LCD industries. Different from direct ablation with ultrafast or short wavelength lasers, laser-induced-plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) is one of the potential candidates for transparent substrate microfabrication with conventional visible laser sources. In the processing, laser beam goes through glass substrate first and then irradiates on a solid target behind. For laser fluence above target ablation threshold, plasma generated from target ablation flies forward at a high speed. At a small target-to-substrate distance, there are strong interactions among laser light, target plasma and glass substrate at its rear side surface. With target materials deposition on glass surface or even doping into the substrate, light absorption characteristic at the interaction zone is modified, which causes the glass ablation. LIPAA is used to get color printing of characters, structures and even images on the glass substrate. It is also used to obtain the glass surface metallization for electrodes and circuits fabrication. Potential application of this technique to fabricate functional microstructures, such as micro-Total-Analysis-System (TAS) for DNA analysis and holographic diffuser for IR wireless home networking, is also discussed.
Live Cell Imaging with Field-Based 3-D Microscopy (2009)

We report field-based 3-D microscopy for high resolution 3-D mapping of refractive index in live cells and tissues. The technique features simultaneous detection of phase and amplitude of light at multiple incident angles of illumination. Article not available.
ChemInform Abstract: Octahydropyrazino(2′,3′:3,4)pyrido(1,2‐a)indoles. A New Class of Potent Antihypertensive Agents. (1987)

Abstract Cyclization of 3‐methylindole (I) yields the ketone (II) which is converted to the pyrazinopyridoindoles (V).