gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-fiber 3D printing of photonic crystal fiber tapers for mode field diameter conversion (2017)

Summary form only given. The large mismatch between the Mode Field Diameter (MFD) of conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) and the MFD of highly nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs), that can be down to 1.5 μm, or Large Mode Area PCF, that can be up to 25 μm, would require a substantial fiber mode size rescaling in order to allow an efficient direct coupling between PCFs and SMFs. Over the years different solutions have been proposed, as fiber splicing of SMF to PCF. However these procedures are not straightforward, as they involve developing special splicing recipes, and can affect PCF optical properties at the splice interface [1].Here we propose on-fiber Two-Photon Lithography (TPL) [2,3] fabrication of polymer PCF-based waveguiding structures to create ultra-compact and fiber-integrated beam shaping devices. In particular, we apply this approach to the fabrication of a PCF taper for optical fiber MFD conversion [4]. Thanks to the versatility of TPL, 3D structures with arbitrary geometry can be fabricated, and by considering the reciprocity principle, tapers for adiabatic up-scale and down-scale mode size converters can be designed.
Optimizing Content Caching to Maximize the Density of Successful Receptions in Device-to-Device Networking (2016)

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising approach to optimize the utilization of air interface resources in 5G networks, since it allows decentralized opportunistic short-range communication. For D2D to be useful, mobile nodes must possess content that other mobiles want. Thus, intelligent caching techniques are essential for D2D. In this paper, we use results from stochastic geometry to derive the probability of successful content delivery in the presence of interference and noise. We employ a general transmission strategy, where multiple files are cached at the users and different files can be transmitted simultaneously throughout the network. We then formulate an optimization problem, and find the caching distribution that maximizes the density of successful receptions (DSR) under a simple transmission strategy, where a single file is transmitted at a time throughout the network. We model file requests by a Zipf distribution with exponent γr, which results in an optimal caching distribution that is also a Zipf distribution with exponent γc, which is related to γr through a simple expression involving the path loss exponent. We solve the optimal content placement problem for more general demand profiles under Rayleigh, Ricean, and Nakagami small-scale fading distributions. Our results suggest that it is required to flatten the request distribution to optimize the caching performance. We also develop strategies to optimize content caching for the more general case with multiple files, and bound the DSR for that scenario.
Atmospheric escape from HD 189733b observed in H I Lyman-<i>α</i>: detailed analysis of HST/STIS September 2011 observations (2013)

Observations of transits of the hot giant exoplanet HD 189733b in the unresolved H i Lyman-α line show signs of hydrogen escaping the upper atmosphere of the planet. New resolved Lyman-α observations obtained with the STIS spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope in April 2010 and September 2011 confirmed that the planet is evaporating, and furthermore discovered significant temporal variations in the physical conditions of its evaporating atmosphere. Here we present a detailed analysis of the September 2011 observations of HD 189733b, when an atmospheric signature was detected. We present specific methods to find and characterize this absorption signature of escaping hydrogen in the Lyman-α line, and to calculate its false-positive probability, found to be 3.6%. Taking advantage of the spectral resolution and high sensitivity of the STIS spectrograph, we also present new results on temporal and spectro-temporal variability of this absorption feature. We also report the observation of HD 189733b in other lines (Si iii at 1206.5 Å, N v at 1240 Å). Variations in these lines could be explained either by early occultation by a bow-shock rich in highly ionized species, or by stellar variations.
Different susceptibility to the IL‐3 induced‐protective effects between Strongyloides ratti and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in C57BL/6 mice (1993)

Repetitive administration of recombinant IL-3 induced protection against Strongyloides ratti but not against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in C57BL/6 mice. Numbers of S. ratti were negligible from day 4 to day 6 post-infection in mice injected with IL-3, whereas N. brasiliensis burdens were almost equal from day 4 to day 6 between mice injected with IL-3 or with medium. Mice treated with IL-3 and then concurrently infected with S. ratti and N. brasiliensis were protected from intestinal S. ratti but not from N. brasiliensis. The numbers of intestinal mucosal mast cells were increased by the repetitive IL-3 treatment on one day after the final injection and was augmented by subsequent infection with both nematodes.
Selected Medicines Used in Iontophoresis (2018)

Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of systemic and local drug delivery using an electric field. Iontophoresis enables diffusion of the selected drug via skin, mucosa, enamel, dentin, and other tissues. The amount of delivered therapeutic molecules is about 10⁻2000 times greater than conventional forms of delivery. Among other fields, this method is used in dentistry, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and dermatology. According to related literature, the most important drugs studied or administered by iontophoresis are: Local anesthetics, opioids, steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, anticancer drugs, fluorides, and vitamins. The present review covers current available data regarding the selected medicines used in iontophoresis. Furthermore, indications and conditions of iontophoresis application are reviewed.
[Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-differentiated endothelial like cells facilitate angiogenesis and the Rho kinase contribution]. (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of endothelial like cells differentiated from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC-ECs) on angiogenesis and the effect of Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor using an in vitro model of cells co-cultured with rat aorta ring. Cell proliferation capability was detected by MTT method. The rBMSC-ECs were co-cultured with rat aorta ring in rat tail collagen and endothelial medium. A ROCK specific inhibitor, HA-1077 at different concentrations (0, 10, 30 and 60 mmol/L, respectively) was added into the medium of ring-cell co-culture. The protein expression of ROCK I and ROCK II were detected by Western blot. On the third day of cultivation, the branch number of neogenetic microvessels increased by 34.5% in ring-cell co-culture group compared with that in simple aorta ring group (P < 0.01). Compared with that in ring-cell co-culture group, it was significantly decreased by 57.70%, 64.13% and 48.23% respectively in three concentrations of HA-1077 groups (all P < 0.01). However, on the sixth day, rBMSC-ECs proliferated and migrated to the nearby aorta ring, and the growth of microvessels became slow. On the ninth day, some of neogenetic microvessels were retracted, some became thicken, coarsen and lengthen, and some of rBMSC-ECs were sprouting and forming capillary like picture. The protein expression of ROCK I/II was slightly higher in ring-cell co-culture group than that in simple aorta ring group. But, in three concentrations of HA-1077 groups, it was slightly lower than that in ring-cell co-culture group. By using rhodamine-phalloidin staining and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope, it showed that there were a lot of the F-actin cytoskeletons in neogenesis microvessels of aorta ring, and there were a lot of thick and long stress fibers in the cells. F-actin-rich surface protrusions at the leading edge of the cell were also shown. Another ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632 (10 μmol/L) induced the actin cytoskeleton reorganization: F-actins appeared to be peripheral fibers at outer area of cell; stress fiber and filopodia disappeared. These results suggest that rBMSC-ECs themselves can be differentiated into new microvessels and facilitate angiogenesis when they are co-cultured with rat aorta ring. The mechanisms involve ROCK activation and F-actin cytoskeleton recombination.
728 Antibiotics and response to immunotherapy: real-world experience (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have altered the therapeutic paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have become an attractive treatment strategy in several malignancies. The identification of reliable predictors associated with resistance is essential to dictate new approaches to broaden responder groups.Growing evidence has shown that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of the systemic immune system and is involved in the response to ICI. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between antibiotics use & ICI efficacy in advanced NSCLC <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective, single-centre study of unselected patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI between June 2016 to May 2019. We included consecutive patients who received at least one dose of PD-1 inhibitors (Nivolumab or pembrolizumab) Clinicopathologic characteristics and the status of any oral or intravenous antibiotic use were evaluated. Antibiotic use was defined as antibiotic treatment at any time between 4-weeks pre- and 4-weeks post the start of ICI (table 1).Progression-Free Survival (PFS) & Overall Survival (OS) were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method & compared between Abx groups. Cox proportional model was used for multivariate analyses <h3>Results</h3> After a median follow-up of 8.5 months [0.3–56.4], a significant improvement in PFS was observed in untreated group compared to Antibiotics treated group. 12.4 months (95%CI, 1.9–22.9) vs 4.1 months (95%CI, 2.6–5.6) (p < 0.001; figure 1). Similarly, OS among patients with no Antibiotics usage was significantly higher: 28.2 months (95%CI, not calculated) vs 12.5 months (95%CI, 10.8–14.2) (p < 0.001; figure 2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results point to a detrimental effect of antibiotics on treatment outcome to ICI therapy.The antibiotics use was significantly associated with attenuated efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies in patients with NSCLC Modulation of antibiotic-related changes of gut microbiota may be important to improve clinical outcomes in ICI for cancer treatmentIn patients needing antibiotics, careful selection to avoid antimicrobial agents that modulate immune responses should also be taken into considerationFurther studies are needed to determine the regimen, length of antibiotics treatment and its relation to survival benefits <h3>References</h3> Wilson, Brooke E., et al. ‘The effect of antibiotics on clinical outcomes in immune-checkpoint blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.’ <i>Cancer Immunology</i>, <i>Immunotherapy</i> 2019:1–12. Elkrief, A., et al. ‘The negative impact of antibiotics on outcomes in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy: a new independent prognostic factor?.<i>’ Annals of Oncology</i> 2019;30(10): 1572–1579. Villéger, Romain, et al. ‘Intestinal microbiota: a novel target to improve anti-tumor treatment?.’<i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> 2019;20(18):4584
“Beyond the Source of Bioenergy”: Microalgae in Modern Agriculture as a Biostimulant, Biofertilizer, and Anti-Abiotic Stress (2021)

Microalgae are photoautotrophic organisms with high commercial potential. Extracts from microalgae are extensively used in crop cultivation, mainly because they possess growth-promoting properties, coupled with their enhancing impacts on the crop’s ability to withstand abiotic stresses viz. extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and mineral deficiency. The chemical composition of microalgae extract includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, micronutrients, macronutrients, and phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellins). This review aims to provide an update on the trending facts for a better understanding of growing microalgae, the production of biomass, the processing of microalgae extracts, summarizing bioactive compounds, and the chemical constituent of microalgae extracts. Furthermore, we review the supporting literature on the application of microalgae extracts as biostimulants and biofertilizers to enhance crop productivity and control abiotic stresses in crop cultivation.
Identification of <i>Xenopus</i> SMC protein complexes required for sister chromatid cohesion (1998)

The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family is a growing family of chromosomal ATPases. The founding class of SMC protein complexes, condensins, plays a central role in mitotic chromosome condensation. We report here a new class of SMC protein complexes containing XSMC1 and XSMC3, Xenopus homologs of yeast Smc1p and Smc3p, respectively. The protein complexes (termed cohesins) exist as two major forms with sedimentation coefficients of 9S and 14S. 9S cohesin is a heterodimer of XSMC1 and XSMC3, whereas 14S cohesin contains three additional subunits. One of them has been identified as a Xenopus homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad21p implicated in DNA repair and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Scc1p/Mcd1p implicated in sister chromatid cohesion. 14S cohesin binds to interphase chromatin independently of DNA replication and dissociates from it at the onset of mitosis. Immunodepletion of cohesins during interphase causes defects in sister chromatid cohesion in subsequent mitosis, whereas condensation is unaffected. These results suggest that proper assembly of mitotic chromosomes is regulated by two distinct classes of SMC protein complexes, cohesins and condensins.
Improvement of the Photostability of Phytonadione (Vitamin K1) in Model Infusion Fluids: Effect of Addition of Fat-soluble Vitamin on the Photodegradation of Phytonadione. (1996)

One of three fat-soluble vitamins, tocopherol, ubidecarenone, and retinol palmitate was added to improve the photostability of vitamin K1 (K1) in model infusion fluids. The time courses of photodegradation of K1 and the vitamin added in infusion fluid under the irradiation of monochromatic light or fluorescent lamp were followed by using high-performance liquid chromatographic method. K1 and retinol palmitate in infusion fluid were more photolabile within the wavelength range of 300-400 nm, while tocopherol and ubidecarenone were stable at wavelengths above 320 nm. The photolytic degradation of K1 was inhibited most effectively by the addition of ubidecarenone, whereas no satisfactory inhibition effect was obtained for tocopherol. The degradation rate constant of K1 decreased remarkably with the increase in amount of ubidecarenone added. The photostabilizing effect was thus closely related to the photostability and light absorption properties of the vitamins added.
Low-temperature growth and properties of ZnO nanowires (2004)

ZnO nanowires were obtained through evaporation of zinc powders under a low temperature of 400 °C. These ZnO nanowires, in the diameter of ∼10 nm, were long and curved with lengths of tens of micrometers. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed these ZnO nanowires were mostly crystalline structure; however, the kink parts contained dislocations and stacking faults. Furthermore, the movement of dislocations was observed in the kink parts under e-beam irradiation. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra show that there exist oxygen vacancies in the ZnO nanowires. Possible reasons for the growth and properties of ZnO nanowires were discussed.
ProjectDR (2017)

The internal anatomy of a patient can be difficult for clinicians and other patients to visualize and analyzed in context. The ability to project medical images (CT and MRI scans) directly onto a patient's body helps those viewing these images to recover missing anatomical context for more accurate interpretation. This paper proposes such a system. Various types of images can be displayed using volume rendering techniques for realistic visualization of the internal anatomy and 3D models from segmented images. Calibration is performed on multiple systems to obtain an accurate common coordinate system, as well as correcting visual distortions from the cameras and the projector. This projected AR system provides a common perspective that is not tied to an individual point-of-view which can be used by others such as a surgical team. The system is easily extendable to other display technology and has many potential applications including education, surgical planning, laparoscopic surgery, and entertainment.
2-Aminoethylarsonic acid as an analogue of ethanolamine phosphate. Endowment of ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase with CTP pyrophosphatase activity (1989)

2-Aminoethylarsonic acid was tested for its ability to act as a substrate for ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylytransferase as a cytidylyl acceptor in place of ethanolamine phosphate. The expected product, like all mixed anhydrides of arsonic acids, should hydrolyse spontaneously with regeneration of the substrate analogue and CMP formation; such CMP production was observed. The limiting velocity with aminoethylarsonic acid is about 90% that with ethanolamine phosphate, and the Michaelis constant is below 20 mM.
Microstructure fibres for optical sensing in gases and liquids (2004)

A novel water-core microstructure fibre design allows nearly ideal guidance for aqueous sensing applications. The total internal reflection by a microstructured silica–air cladding provides robust confinement of light in a fluid-filled core, if the average cladding index is sufficiently below the index of water. Numerical results show dramatically improved loss and overlap of light with the sample, compared to evanescent-field fibres, indicating a direct improvement of sensor performance. A strategy for the improvement of evanescent-wave gas sensors is also discussed.
Advanced Organic Polymer for the Aggressive Scaling of Low-k Materials (2011)

An advanced organic polymer material of k = 2.2 has been successfully integrated in Cu lines with dielectric spacing from 80 to 20 nm. Cu lines with both TaN/Ta barrier and no barrier were fabricated. Current–voltage ( I – V ) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements were performed to study the scalability of this material. In the case of TaN/Ta barrier, no TDDB degradation was observed at 100 °C as the dielectric spacing changed from 80 to 30 nm. In the case of no barrier, TDDB performance at 100 °C was better than that of SiO 2 without a barrier. However, TDDB at 200 °C showed a clear degradation. In contrast, no such degradation was present when TaN/Ta barrier was used.
Coordinating Liquid and Free Air Cooling with Workload Allocation for Data Center Power Minimization (2014)

Data centers are seeking more efficient cooling techniques to reduce their operating expenses, because cooling can account for 30-40% of the power consumption of a data center.Recently, liquid cooling has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional air cooling, because it can help eliminate undesired air recirculation.Another emerging technology is free air cooling, which saves chiller power by utilizing outside cold air for cooling.Some existing data centers have already started to adopt both liquid and free air cooling techniques for significantly improved cooling efficiency and more data centers are expected to follow.In this thesis, we propose SmartCool, a power optimization scheme that effectively coordinates different cooling techniques and dynamically manages workload allocation for jointly optimized cooling and server power.In sharp contrast to the existing work that addresses different cooling techniques in an isolated manner, SmartCool systematically formulates the integration of different cooling systems as a constrained optimization problem.Furthermore, since geo-distributed data centers have different ambient temperatures, SmartCool dynamically dispatches the incoming requests among a network of data centers with heterogeneous cooling systems to best leverage the high efficiency of free cooling.A light-weight heuristic algorithm is proposed to achieve a near-optimal solution with a low runtime overhead.We evaluate Smart-Cool both in simulation and on a hardware testbed.The results show that SmartCool outperforms two state-of-the-art baselines by having a 38% more power savings.
X-ray linear dichroism of defects in GaN:Mg using hard x-ray nanoprobe (2009)

In this study, we report the application of synchrotron radiation nanoprobe techniques to the structural analysis of pyramidal defects in Mg doped GaN. A combination of fluorescence mapping with spectroscopic techniques enabled us to examine not only the elemental nature but also their crystallographic orientation on the submicron scale. Our observations provide strong evidence for the diffusion and subsequent segregation of background impurities of Fe and Cr on the sample surface, with the absence of pronounced sequential stacking compared with Ga atoms. The strong polarization-dependent x-ray absorption near-edge structure features showed the preservation of the hexagonal crystalline structure in both defect-free and hexagonal pyramids. From the spatially resolved x-ray linear dichroism, no preferential disorder was observed in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the crystal growth.
Pixel level interleaving schemes for robust image communication (2002)

Interleaving schemes have proven to be an important mechanism in reducing the effect of network errors on image transmission. Current interleaving schemes spatially decorrelate neighboring image blocks by putting them into packets that are a long way apart from each other in the transmission sequence. Most of the existing schemes, while achieving good performance on random packet losses, do not work well in the case of bursty packet losses. In this paper, we propose two interleaving schemes where the decorrelation process is applied not only at the block level but also at the pixel or coefficient level (i.e. on the information within the blocks) in the compressed domain. The decorrelation is achieved via a k-way shuffle of pixels among the blocks and by using the spatial properties of different space-filling curves, where k depends on the total number of blocks in the image. Our results show that in spite of the decorrelation of coefficients in the triangular interleaving scheme, the compression ratio is within 92% to -98% of JPEG standard compression. We also show that, when compared with existing interleaving schemes, our techniques provide improved image quality and a low mean square error in the transmitted images in the presence of random as well as bursty packet losses in networks.