gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TargetMine, an Integrated Data Warehouse for Candidate Gene Prioritisation and Target Discovery (2011)

Prioritising candidate genes for further experimental characterisation is a non-trivial challenge in drug discovery and biomedical research in general. An integrated approach that combines results from multiple data types is best suited for optimal target selection. We developed TargetMine, a data warehouse for efficient target prioritisation. TargetMine utilises the InterMine framework, with new data models such as protein-DNA interactions integrated in a novel way. It enables complicated searches that are difficult to perform with existing tools and it also offers integration of custom annotations and in-house experimental data. We proposed an objective protocol for target prioritisation using TargetMine and set up a benchmarking procedure to evaluate its performance. The results show that the protocol can identify known disease-associated genes with high precision and coverage. A demonstration version of TargetMine is available at http://targetmine.nibio.go.jp/.
Holographic Interferometry for Nondestructive Testing of Electrochemical Power Sources (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Characteristics of Novel Chicken Embryonic Stem Cells Established Using Chicken Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (2010)

Chickens are an ideal animal model study tool for developmental biology, and a farm animal with excellent productivity. Researchers have therefore long sought to establish chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) to enable the creation of genetically modified chickens. Here, we derived novel cESCs from chicken blastodermal cells (CBCs) cultured with chicken leukemia inhibitory factor (chLIF). These cESCs have the capacity for long-term (100 days or more) successive subculture and express both chicken Nanog (chNanog) and chicken vasa homolog (Cvh) mRNAs and proteins. The cESCs showed a capacity for chimeric formation during a transplant experiment that used a fertilized egg. Transfer of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene to cESCs enabled green fluorescence to be observed among primordial germ cells (PGCs). These results indicate that novel cESCs should have the capacity to differentiate into germ cells.
Log-domain circuit models of chemical reactions (2009)

We exploit the detailed similarities between electronics and chemistry to develop efficient, scalable bipolar or subthreshold log-domain circuits that are dynamically equivalent to networks of chemical reactions. Our circuits can be used for transient and steady-state simulations, parameter estimations and sensitivity analyses of large-scale biochemical networks. They allow the topology, rate constants, inputs, outputs and initial conditions of the reaction network to be programmed. When reactants are present in low concentrations, random fluctuations in reaction rates become significant; we can also model such stochastic effects. We present experimental results from a proof-of-concept chip implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS technology.
SOFT MAGNETIC PROPERTIES FOR Fe-AI-Nb-N-0 FILMS (1990)

The magnetic and other properties of the fine crystal Fe-N films with the additional elements of Al, Nb and 0 were investigated. Films were prepared by rf planar magnetron sputtering. The grain size and the lattice spacing were changed by the addition of A1 and Nb, and the co-addition of A1 and Nb was found to be effective in improving the soft magnetic properties of the films after annealing at 55OoC. Introducing oxygen into the sputtering gas of argon and nitrogen increased the nitrogen concentration in the films and was effective in reducing the coercivity of the films. The magnetostriction of the films changed from negative toward positive with increasing nitrogen concentration and crossed zero at the nitrogen concentration where the coercivity took minimum value. The measurement of the hardness of the films revealed that the addition of A1 and Nb prevents the recrystallization in Fe films as well as in Fe-N-0 films. The (Feg7.s All.lNb1.4)92 NsO2 films exhibited a saturation magnetic flux density of 20 kG, a coercivity of 0.3-0.5 Oe and a hardness Hv above 1000 even after annealed at 55OoC without applying magnetic field.
A Quadruply‐Asymmetric Sigmoid to Describe the Insulin‐Glucose Relationship during Intravenous Insulin Infusion (2014)

For hospitalized patients requiring intravenous insulin therapy, an objective is to quantify the intravenous insulin infusion rate (IR) across the domain of blood glucose (BG) values at a single timepoint. The algorithm parameters include low BG (70 mg/dL), critical high BG, target range BG limits, and maintenance rate (MR) of insulin infusion, which, after initialization, depends on rate of change of blood glucose, previous IR, and other inputs. The restraining rate (RR) is a function of fractional completeness of ascent of BG (FCABG) from BG 70 mg/dL to target. The correction rate (CR) is a function of fractional elevation of BG (FEBG), in comparison to elevation of a critical high BG, above target. IR = RR + CR. The proposed mathematical model describing a sigmoidal relationship between IR and BG may offer a safety advantage over the linear relationship currently employed in some intravenous glucose management systems.
Combination Treatment with Hepatitis C Virus Protease and NS5A Inhibitors Is Effective against Recombinant Genotype 1a, 2a, and 3a Viruses (2012)

With the development of directly acting antivirals, hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy entered a new era. However, rapid selection of resistance mutations necessitates combination therapy. To study combination therapy in infectious culture systems, we aimed at developing HCV semi-full-length (semi-FL) recombinants relying only on the JFH1 NS3 helicase, NS5B, and the 3' untranslated region. With identified adaptive mutations, semi-FL recombinants of genotypes(isolates) 1a(TN) and 3a(S52) produced supernatant infectivity titers of ~4 log(10) focus-forming units/ml in Huh7.5 cells. Genotype 1a(TN) adaptive mutations allowed generation of 1a(H77) semi-FL virus. Concentration-response profiles revealed the higher efficacy of the NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir (BMS-650032) and the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir (BMS-790052) against 1a(TN and H77) than 3a(S52) viruses. Asunaprevir had intermediate efficacy against previously developed 2a recombinants J6/JFH1 and J6cc. Daclatasvir had intermediate efficacy against J6/JFH1, while low sensitivity was confirmed against J6cc. Using a cross-titration scheme, infected cultures were treated until viral escape or on-treatment virologic suppression occurred. Compared to single-drug treatment, combination treatment with relatively low concentrations of asunaprevir and daclatasvir suppressed infection with all five recombinants. Escaped viruses primarily had substitutions at amino acids in the NS3 protease and NS5A domain I reported to be genotype 1 resistance mutations. Inhibitors showed synergism at drug concentrations reported in vivo. In summary, semi-FL HCV recombinants, including the most advanced reported genotype 3a infectious culture system, permitted genotype-specific analysis of combination treatment in the context of the complete viral life cycle. Despite differential sensitivity to lead compound NS3 protease and NS5A inhibitors, genotype 1a, 2a, and 3a viruses were suppressed by combination treatment with relatively low concentrations.
The effect of dehydration history on PVA/PVP hydrogels for nucleus pulposus replacement (2004)

The feasibility of the use of a copolymer gel prepared from blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) for endoscopic replacement of the nucleus pulposus of a lumbar intervertebral disc was examined in this study. Hydrogels were processed with the use of three freeze/thaw cycles to induce crystallinity. As-prepared samples were dehydrated to various levels: 70.4, 46.3, 25.1, and 10.3% of their as-prepared masses and subsequently rehydrated. The dehydration history controlled the dimensions upon swelling and caused distortion of the material, with major distortion occurring when the hydrogel reached around 25% of the initial hydrated mass. The dehydration history affected the mechanical behavior of the rehydrated gels. Increased dehydration resulted in increased compressive modulus for the reswollen gels. Experiments were performed to investigate the formation of a skin layer that was found on the hydrogels during the dehydration process. The skin was found to dehydrate quickly and form a barrier to further dehydration from the core. Rubber elasticity theory was used to describe the differences in the network characteristics between the skin and the core of a drying hydrogel. The dehydration/rehydration process used in this study and an implantation of a cadaver model demonstrate the feasibility of endoscopic nucleus replacement.
Microbially-enhanced redox solution reoxidation for sweetening sour natural gas (1995)

About twenty five percent of natural gas produced in the United States is sour containing significant volumes of hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants. Liquid redox processes remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. Aqueous solution of chelated ferric ions oxidize the hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. The reduced iron chelate is then oxidized by contact with air and recycled. This requires expensive equipment for regeneration, costly chemicals and the process is usually energy intensive. Recent studies show that the ferric ion regeneration rates are substantially enhanced in presence of acidophilic bacteria. The specific objectives of this project are to advance the technology and improve the economics of the commercial iron-based chelate processes utilizing biologically-enhanced reoxidation of the redox solutions used in these processes, such as LO-CAT II and SulFerox.
Optimization and efficient detection of primary synchronization signal for multi-beam satellite-LTE systems (2015)

A new design of primary synchronization signal (PSS) sequences and an efficient detection algorithm for multi-beam satellite long-term evolution (LTE) systems are investigated in this paper. First, a transmit-timing adjustment method is proposed to reduce the large time difference of arrival of received signals from different satellites. Then, using the particular subcarrier mapping scheme of LTE, original Zadoff–Chu sequences are generalized to obtain more candidate sequences with good correlation properties. Later on, choosing an optimal subset from these candidate sequences, new PSS sequences for seamless global coverage multi-beam satellite-LTE systems are obtained. Subsequently, an efficient synchronization and low complexity PSS detection algorithm using interference cancellation method is presented. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New method to suppress encroachment by plasma-deposited β-phase tungsten nitride thin films (1991)

&lt;m1;40p&gt;Tungsten nitride thin films are prepared with the WF6-NH3-H2 system by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. X-ray diffraction and Auger spectroscopy show that the crystal structure and the composition of tungsten nitride thin films grown at the WF6/NH3 ratio of 1 are β-phase W2N. The resistivity of W2N is about 190–210 μΩ cm and it is demonstrated that severe encroachment and SiO2 etching during the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten is remarkably suppressed by the predeposition of W2N.
Carbon rich fly ash and their nanostructures (2016)

Carbon rich fly ash was recently reported to have compositions that are ideal for use as a precursor and catalyst for carbon nanotube growth. This fly ash powder is mostly composed of pure carbon, predominantly present as sp<sup>2</sup>. In this work, the effect of sonication time on the morphology and structural properties of carbon rich fly ash particles is reported. The obtained results show that ultrasound treatment is an effective tool for producing ultrafine particles/fragments with higher porosity, which might be suitable for the adsorption of gasses. Moreover, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of this fly ash were produced in parallel using the ball milling technique, and were evaluated as reinforcements for epoxy based composites. These CNPs have almost spherical shapes with particle sizes of around 30 nm. They were found to have strong C=O carbonyl group bonds, which might be generated during the ball milling process. The tensile testing results of a fly ash CNP reinforced epoxy composite showed significant improvements in the mechanical properties, mainly in the stiffness of the polymer. The stiffness value was increased by around 23% of that of neat epoxy. These CNPs with chemically active groups might also be useful for other applications.
An Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Considering Channel Zapping Time and Network Utilization (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a simple but effective IPTV channel control algorithm that keeps channel zapping time in the tolerable range with high network utilization. The proposed algorithm controls channel zapping time by adjusting the number of broadcasting channels that are located close to users over IP networks and the number of additional I-frames inserted into each channel, based on the user's channel preference information. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm. </para>
A tough performance simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polymer network (1989)

A semi-interpenetrating polyimide (semi-IPN) network and methods for making and using the same are disclosed. The semi-IPN system comprises a high performance thermosetting polyimide having an acetylene-terminated group acting as a crosslinking site and a high performance linear thermoplastic polyimide. The polymer is made by combining low viscosity precursors and low molecular weight polymers of the thermosetting and thermoplastic polyimides and allowing them to react in the immediate presence of each other to form a simultaneous semi-interpenetrating polyimide network. Provided is a high temperature system having significantly improved processability and damage tolerance while maintaining excellent thermo-oxidative stability, mechanical properties and resistance to humidity, when compared with the commercial high temperature resin, Thermid 600. This material is particularly adapted for use as a molding, adhesive and advanced composite matrix for aerospace structural and electronic applications.
Molecular characterization of a carboxy-terminal eukaryotic-cell-binding domain of intimin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1995)

A eukaryotic cell-binding domain from the intimin (Int) polypeptide of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O127 (EPEC) was investigated. Derivatives of the carboxy-terminal 280-amino-acid domains of Int (Int-EPEC280) and the Int homolog invasin (Inv) from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (InvYP280) were fused to the E. coli maltose-binding protein (MBP), expressed, and purified. The smallest MBP-IntEPEC fusion protein that efficiently mediated binding to HEp-2 cells, monitored by using purified fusion proteins in fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis or by using fluorescent Covaspheres coated with purified fusions, contained the carboxy-terminal 150 amino acids of Int. Replacement of Cys-937 with Ser (IntEPEC280CS) destroyed the cell-binding activity of IntEPEC280. Covaspheres coated with MBP-IntEPEC280 were associated with HEp-2 cell microvilli but failed to induce actin accumulation underneath bound particles or cell spreading on coated plastic surfaces. MBP-IntEPEC280, but not MBP, MBP-IntEPEC280CS, or MBP-InvYP280, inhibited EPEC entry into HEp-2 cells.
A congestion control framework for ATM networks (1991)

The authors propose a congestion control framework for ATM networks that requires simple protocols and that provides guaranteed grade of service The authors suggest that the network provides two different services: express service and first-class service. Express service is appropriate for real-time applications, whereas first-class service is appropriate for nonreal-time applications. To provide such services, the proposed congestion control scheme prevents congestion inside the network by controlling the congestion at two levels: VC (virtual circuit) level and cell level. The VC-level control takes place during the call setup in the form of (logical) bandwidth reservation for individual VCs. The cell-level control is exercised across the network interface in the form of the choking/relieving of only first-class VC traffic in case of congestion. The authors analyze the performance of the proposed scheme, and show how to engineer various parameters to satisfy cell-level performance requirements (e.g., cell delay and loss).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vivo Assay of Specific Kallikrein Inhibitors (1987)

Kininogen sequence analogs containing amino acid residues around the Arg-Ser cleavage site of bovine kininogens were prepared with bulky aliphatic residues in the P3 position as specific inhibitors of tissue kallikrein. KKI-7 (containing a cyclohexylacetyl group) and KKI-8 (containing an adamantaneacetyl group) both inhibited human urinary kallikrein with KI = 4 microM. These inhibitors are 40 times more potent than the corresponding peptide containing the naturally occurring prolyl residue at P3 and one-seventh as susceptible to hydrolysis. KKI-7 and KKI-8 are poor inhibitors of human plasma kallikrein (KI = 244 and 358 microM, respectively) while their capacity to inhibit trypsin is 1/3 and 1/17, respectively, that of their inhibitory capacity for human urinary kallikrein. When KKI-7 was tested in a rat blood flow model, the infused peptide (50 micrograms/kg/min) depressed the response to injected rat submandibular kallikrein (200-500 ng) to 52% of the control response when it was injected less than 10 minutes after infusion was started and to 16% of the control response when it was injected between 10 and 30 minutes after infusion of the inhibitor, the response gradually returned toward normal. Similar results were obtained with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. Infusion of the inhibitor did not affect the response to bradykinin and infusion of the vehicle itself did not alter the response to either injected kallikrein or bradykinin. These analogs have greater specificity and stability than those previously developed and are appropriate for the in vivo inhibition of glandular kallikreins.
A survey of hardware designs for decimal arithmetic (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Decimal data and decimal arithmetic operations are ubiquitous in daily life. Although microprocessors normally use binary arithmetic for computations, decimal arithmetic is often required in financial and commercial applications. Due to the increasing importance of and demand for decimal arithmetic, decimal floating-point (DFP) formats and operations are specified in the revised IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754-2008). This paper provides a survey of hardware designs for decimal arithmetic. It gives an overview of DFP arithmetic in IEEE 754-2008, describes processors that provide hardware and instruction set support for decimal arithmetic, and provides a survey of hardware designs for decimal addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Finally, it describes potential areas for future research. </para>
Relay Load Balancing in Queued Cooperative Wireless Networks with Rateless Codes (2010)

Relay selection combined with buffering of packets of relays can substantially increase the throughput of a cooperative network that uses rateless codes. However, buffering also increases the end-to-end delays due to the additional queuing delays at the relay nodes. In this paper we propose a novel method that exploits a unique property of rateless codes that enables a receiver to decode a packet from non-contiguous and unordered portions of the received signal. In it, each relay, depending on its queue length, ignores its received coded bits with a given probability. We show that this substantially reduces the end-to-end delays while retaining almost all of the throughput gain achieved by buffering. In effect, the method increases the odds that the packet is first decoded by a relay with a smaller queue. Thus, the queuing load is balanced across the relays and traded off with transmission times. We derive explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of this system when the various channels undergo fading. Despite encountering analytically intractable G/GI/1 queues in our system, we also gain insights about the method by analyzing a similar system with a simpler model for the relay-to-destination transmission times.
Precise and Rapid Size Selection and Targeted Deposition of Nanoparticle Populations Using CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Expanded Liquids (2005)

This paper demonstrates the rapid and precise size selection of nanoparticle populations using the pressure tunable solvent properties of CO2-expanded liquids. Specifically, by pressurizing and expanding a single organic solution with carbon dioxide gas, ligand-stabilized silver particles of desired mean size were size selectively precipitated at desired locations. Compared to current techniques, this CO2-expanded liquid approach provides for faster and more efficient particle size separation, reduction in organic solvent usage, and pressure tunable size selection.
A space-time coding approach for systems employing four transmit antennas (2002)

We propose a novel transmit diversity scheme for the downlink of communication systems that employ four transmit antennas. The scheme can be seen as a simplified transmission architecture admitting an entire family of space-time codes. It can be also seen as an extension of previously proposed techniques (such as those presented in Alamouti (1998), Tarokh et al. (1998), and Hochwald et al. (2001)) to the case of four transmit antennas with complex input data symbols. Our technique has a number of appealing features, namely, it enables a significant portion of the open-loop channel capacity, it requires simple receiver processing (involving typically 2/spl times/2 matrix operations in conjunction with single-user or 2-user decoding) and it admits single-user encoding in an overlay fashion.
Mechanical tuning of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal reflection gratings (2004)

Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal reflective structures have been formed using a highly elastic photopolymer. The elasticity allows for mechanical tuning of the reflection notch by over 120nm in the visible spectral range using compressive stress. The shift in the central position of the reflection notch is related to the strain in the system and an effective elastic modulus for the structure is obtained.
CoBiSS: Compact Bidimensional Sampling Spectrometer (2011)

Novel technology for static Fourier spectrometer based on 2D angle-tilted array of nanostructured glass surface on which light beams interfere in total internal reflection. Near field subwavelength spatial sampling is achieved by tilt angle control
A comparative study of bovine herpesvirus 1247 and equine herpesvirus 1 in ponies. (1979)

The clinical and immunological response of ponies exposed to a bovine herpesvirus isolate and equine herpesvirus 1 were compared. Each virus was inoculated into two ponies by the intranasal route. One uninoculated pony was used with each group as a contact control. The four inoculated ponies developed a mild rhinitis with an increase in rectal temperature. Virus was recovered from nasal secretions collected from the four inoculated and one contact pony. All ponies developed a serum neutralizing antibody to each virus. The data show that the two viruses are similar.