gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Engineering of Surface Functional Groups Enabling Clinical Translation of Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugates (2022)

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have recently demonstrated impressive successes in targeted drug delivery. Ultrasmall (<10 nm) nanoparticle–drug conjugates (NDCs) share many similarities with ADCs, while their unique physicochemical properties can be further molecularly engineered to overcome the limitations of ADCs presented by tumor heterogeneity. Key challenges in NDC development include linkage chemistry design between nanoparticle carriers and cytotoxic drugs, as well as meeting the stringent criteria for manufacturing controls, stability, and drug release to enable successful clinical translation. Here, we report a robust chemical approach to covalently link both chemotherapeutic drugs and targeting moieties to a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated (PEGylated) ultrasmall silica nanoparticle platform via precisely tailoring the particle surface chemistry. This approach employs the interstitial space between PEG chains on the particle surface to load drugs, enabling the significantly enhanced drug loading capacity as compared to ADCs while the favorable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics profiles are maintained. To achieve both high plasma stability and effective drug release in cancer, cyclopentadiene silane molecules are first inserted into the PEG layer of the particles and condensed with silanol groups on the silica core surface. Via the Diels–Alder reaction, the cyclopentadiene groups are then functionalized with groups enabling click chemistry, and cytotoxic payloads are finally clicked onto the particles via cleavable linkers for drug release within the cancer tissue. The targeted NDC resulting from the systematic screening strategy described here has recently advanced to a phase 1/2 human clinical trial.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Physics of optical lattice clocks (2011)

Recently invented and demonstrated optical lattice clocks hold great promise for improving the precision of modern time keeping. These clocks aim at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ fractional accuracy, which translates into a clock that would neither lose nor gain a fraction of a second over an estimated age of the Universe. In these clocks, millions of atoms are trapped and interrogated simultaneously, dramatically improving clock stability. Here the principles of operation of these clocks are discussed and, in particular, a novel concept of magic trapping of atoms in optical lattices. Recently proposed microwave lattice clocks are also highlights and several applications that employ the optical lattice clocks as a platform for precision measurements and quantum information processing.
Automated correlation discovery for semi-structured business processes (2011)

In this paper we describe an algorithm to automatically detect correlation identifiers from arbitrary data sources. Correlation identifiers can be useful for determining relationships between data in order to isolate instances of a running business process for the purposes of process monitoring and discovery. We have implemented our algorithm and validate our approach on a simulator that implements a real-world inspired order management case scenario consisting of 24 activities and corresponding event types. This simulated scenario involves a wide range of heterogeneous systems (e.g. Order Management, Document Management, E-Mail, and Export Violation Detection Services) as well as workflow-supported human-driven interactions (Process Management System). Initial results indicate that our approach is promising due to its demonstrated success in distinguishing correlations on data generated by our simulator executions. Our work also highlights the directions we could explore in future work such as distributed statistics calculation, and scalability in terms of handling massive data sets.
Surface Analysis by Highly Charged Ion Based Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Electronic sputtering in the interaction of slow (v < 106 m/s), highly charged ions (e.g., Au69+) with solid surfaces increases secondary ion yields by over two orders of magnitude compared to sputtering with singly charged ions. We discuss advantages of highly charged ions for analysis of semiconductors and biomolecular solids in a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry scheme.
The free form XR photovoltaic concentrator: a high performance SMS3D design (2008)

A novel photovoltaic concentrator is presented. The goal is to achieve high concentration design with high efficiency and high acceptance angle that in the same time is compact and convenient for thermal and mechanical management. This photovoltaic system is based on 1 cm<sup>2</sup> multi-junction tandem solar cells and an XR concentrator. The XR concentrator in this system is an SMS 3D design formed by one reflective (X) and one refractive (R) free-form surfaces (i.e., without rotational or linear symmetry) and has been chosen for its excellent aspect ratio and for its ability to perform near the thermodynamic limit. It is a mirror-lens device that has no shadowing elements and has square entry aperture (the whole system aperture area is used for collecting light). This large acceptance angle relaxes the manufacturing tolerances of all the optical and mechanical components of the system included the concentrator itself and is one of the keys to get a cost competitive photovoltaic generator. For the geometrical concentration of 1000x the simulation results show the acceptance angle of ±1.8 deg. The irradiance distribution on the cell is achieved with ultra-short homogenizing prism, whose size is optimised to keep the maximum values under the ones that the cell can accept. The application of the XR optics to high-concentration is being developed in a consortium leaded by The Boeing Company, which has been awarded a project by US DOE in the framework of the Solar America Initiative.
Use of Intrinsic Electrical Resistance Changes in Shape Memory Alloys as Robust Actuator State and Fault Detection Sensors (2011)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) used as electrically controlled on-demand actuators provide engineers new opportunities to create lighter automated components and devices in vehicles due to their compact size, silent operation, and inherently low mass. Outstanding and critical issues are cost-effective and robust control and protection of the SMA actuator element within the device to achieve long lasting service. SMA responds autonomously to external conditions such as temperature and stress and exhibit many property changes during excitation, but many current devices only use SMA as compact actuators; not making use of their intrinsic sensing capabilities. Inherent SMA property changes during use can provide significant utility for improved optimal control strategies. The motivation for this work is to create a robust control method for electrically controlled SMA actuation to simplify device implementation and improve reliability by using intrinsic material property changes. The current work demonstrates the use of electrical resistance feedback in an integrated controller to allow reduction of parasitic mass, cost, and complexity in 2-position devices. Using signal processing and algorithm logic states, we create virtual sensors that successfully identify start of the actuation, end of actuation, reset, and stress overload events. Using electrical resistance to sense the start of actuation allows successful/repeatable performance over a wide range of environmental conditions. Sensing the end of actuation and reset readiness prevents overheating and allows for shorter actuation cycle times, respectively without additional position and state sensors. While many previous efforts have examined the use of resistance in control schemes, one critical need not addressed in previous controllers is the ability to detect stress overload of the SMA during excitation. To protect against unintentional blocked deployment, many current devices include bulky mechanical overload protection systems that prevent stress spikes and SMA damage accumulation. Using resistance feedback, we demonstrate the detection of stress overloads thus extending device lifetime without the need for external mechanisms. The time derivative of the electrical resistance, logic state of the controller, and detection and use of peak/valley widths and thresholds define control events. These events become software based sensors that can augment or replace dedicated external sensors. Software based sensors were successfully employed to control an SMA wire actuator under various environmental temperatures and stress conditions. The control algorithm is not affected to changes in electrical contact resistance, material degradation and other noise sources yielding a powerful method for simple control of two position SMA devices without the need of external sensors.
Intravitreal sirolimus with adjunct aflibercept versus aflibercept monotherapy for persistent, exudative age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02732899. Registered 11 March 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02732899 . This trial was approved by the institutional review board at Advarra. Funding was provided by an investigator-initiated grant from Santen. Santen played no role in the design or implementation of this study.
Join queries with external text sources (1995)

Text is a pervasive information type, and many applications require querying over text sources in addition to structured data. This paper studies the problem of query processing in a system that loosely integrates an extensible database system and a text retrieval system. We focus on a class of conjunctive queries that include joins between text and structured data, in addition to selections over these two types of data. We adapt techniques from distributed query processing and introduce a novel class of join methods based on probing that is especially useful for joins with text systems, and we present a cost model for the various alternative query processing methods. Experimental results confirm the utility of these methods. The space of query plans is extended due to the additional techniques, and we describe an optimization algorithm for searching this extended space. The techniques we describe in this paper are applicable to other types of external data managers loosely integrated with a database system.
Integrating Diverse Measurements to Predict Pore Pressure With Uncertainties While Drilling (2004)

Abstract An accurate estimate of the formation pore pressure is a key element for safe and cost-effective drilling. We describe here a methodology that integrates information from diverse measurements to predict pore pressure in a well before and during drilling. The data we can incorporate include surface seismics, sonic and density well logs, checkshots, mud weights, and measured pore pressures. The distinctive feature of our method is that uncertainties in the predicted velocities and pore pressures are quantified and updated while drilling. Quantifying uncertainties allows us to properly integrate all data and to show how measurements acquired while drilling reduce the uncertainty in the predicted pore pressures. In practice, we use a Monte Carlo method to sample the posterior probability distribution (given all the data) of the compressional-wave velocity profile and of coefficients in the relationships that relate velocity to pore pressures. For each sampled value of velocities and other coefficients, we compute the corresponding pore-pressure profile along the well trajectory; the range of all sampled pore pressures describes the pore-pressure uncertainty. We demonstrate the methodology in two examples where the uncertainty in pore pressure predicted before drilling (from seismic velocities obtained by reflection tomography) is reduced by additional data acquired while drilling (checkshot, sonic log, mud weights, and pore-pressure data).
Theory and design of piezoelectric resonators immune to acceleration: present state of the art (2001)

A typical low noise oscillator uses a crystal resonator as the frequency-determining element. An understanding of the fundamental nature of acceleration sensitivity in crystal oscillators resides primarily in understanding the behavior of the crystal resonator. The driving factor behind the acceleration-induced frequency shift is shown to be deformation of the resonator. The deformation drives two effects: an essentially linear change in the frequency-determining dimensions of the resonator and an essentially nonlinear effect of changing the velocity of the propagating wave. In this paper, the fundamental nature of acceleration sensitivity is reviewed and clarified, and attendant design guidance is developed for piezoelectric resonators. The basic properties of acceleration sensitivity and general design guidance are developed through the simple examples of "bulk acoustic wave (BAW) in a box" and "surface transverse wave (STW) in a box." These examples serve to clarify a number of concepts, including the role of mode shape and the basic difference between the BAW and STW cases. The design equations clarify the functional dependencies of the acceleration sensitivities on the full range of crystal resonator design and fabrication parameters.
Synthesis and Chemical−Pharmacological Characterization of the Antimetastatic NAMI-A-Type Ru(III) Complexes (Hdmtp)[<i>trans-</i>RuCl<sub>4</sub>(dmso-S)(dmtp)], (Na)[<i>trans-</i>RuCl<sub>4</sub>(dmso-S)(dmtp)], and [<i>mer-</i>RuCl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)(dmso-S)(dmtp)] (dmtp = 5,7-Dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine) (2004)

Ruthenium compounds have gained large interest for their potential application as chemotherapeutic agents, and in particular the complexes of the type (X)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)L] (X = HL or Na, NAMI-A or NAMI, respectively, for L = imidazole) are under investigation for their antimetastatic properties. The NAMI(-A)-like compounds are prodrugs that hydrolyze in vivo, and the investigation of their hydrolytic properties is therefore important for determining the nature of the potential active species. The NAMI-A-type Ru(III) complex 1, (Hdmtp)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)] (dmtp is 5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), and the corresponding sodium analogue 2, (Na)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(dmtp)], were synthesized. The hydrolyses of 1 and 2 in water as well as in buffered solutions were studied, and the first hydrolysis product, [mer-RuCl3(H2O)(dmso-S)(dmtp)].H2O (3), was isolated and characterized. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and prove the importance of the hydrogen-bonding properties of dmtp to stabilize hydrolysis products. In vitro 1 (a) is not cytotoxic on tumor cells, following challenges from 1 to 72 h and concentrations up to 100 microM, (b) inhibits matrigel invasion at 0.1 mM and MMP-9 activity with an IC50 of about 1 mM, and (c) is devoid of pronounced effects on cell distribution among cell cycle phases. In vivo compound 1, similar to NAMI-A, significantly inhibits metastasis growth in mice bearing advanced MCa mammary carcinoma tumors. In the lungs, 1 is significantly less concentrated than NAMI-A, whereas no differences between these two compounds were found in other organs such as tumor, liver, and kidney. However, 1 caused edema and necrotic areas on liver parenchyma that are more pronounced than those caused by NAMI-A. Conversely, glomerular and tubular changes on kidney are less extensive than with NAMI-A. In conclusion, 1 confirms the excellent antimetastatic properties of this class of NAMI-A-type compounds and qualifies as an interesting alternative to NAMI-A for treating human cancers.
Point spread function of the optical needle super-oscillatory lens (2014)

Super-oscillatory optical lenses are known to achieve sub-wavelength focusing. In this paper, we analyse the imaging capabilities of a super-oscillatory lens by studying its point spread function. We experimentally demonstrate that a super-oscillatory lens can generate a point spread function 24% smaller than that dictated by the diffraction limit and has an effective numerical aperture of 1.31 in air. The object-image linear displacement property of these lenses is also investigated.
Overcoming aggregation in indium salen catalysts for isoselective lactide polymerization (2015)

A methodology for controlling aggregation in highly active and isoselective indium catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of racemic lactide is reported. A series of racemic and enantiopure dinuclear indium ethoxide complexes bearing salen ligands [(ONNO<sub>R</sub>)InOEt]<sub>2</sub> (R = Br, Me, admantyl, cumyl, <i>t</i>-Bu) were synthesized and fully characterized. Mononuclear analogues (ONNO<sub>R</sub>)InOCH<sub>2</sub>Pyr (R = Br, <i>t</i>-Bu, SiPh<sub>3</sub>) were synthesized by controlling aggregation with the use of chelating 2-pyridinemethoxide functionality. The nuclearity of metal complexes was confirmed using PGSE NMR spectroscopy. Detailed kinetic studies show a clear initiation period for these dinuclear catalysts, which is lacking in their mononuclear analogues. The polymerization behavior of analogous dinuclear and mononuclear compounds is identical and consistent with a mononuclear propagating species. The isotacticity of the resulting polymers was investigated using direct integration and peak deconvolution methodologies and the two were compared.
Formation of High Molecular Weight Byproducts during the Pyrolysis and Oxidative Pyrolysis of CH3Cl (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of High Molecular Weight Byproducts during the Pyrolysis and Oxidative Pyrolysis of CH3ClRamazan Yildirim and Selim M. SenkanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 5, 1842–1852Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00044a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00044a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct piezoelectric responses of soft composite fiber mats (2013)

Recently soft fiber mats electrospun from solutions of Barium Titanate (BT) ferroelectric ceramics particles and polylactic acid (PLA) were found to have large (d33 ∼ 1 nm/V) converse piezoelectric signals offering a myriad of applications ranging from active implants to smart textiles. Here, we report direct piezoelectric measurements (electric signals due to mechanical stress) of the BT/PLA composite fiber mats at several BT concentrations. A homemade testing apparatus provided AC stresses in the 50 Hz-1.5 kHz-frequency range. The piezoelectric constant d33 ∼ 0.5 nC/N and the compression modulus Y ∼ 104–105 Pa found are in agreement with the prior converse piezoelectric and compressibility measurements. Importantly, the direct piezoelectric signal is large enough to power a small LCD by simple finger tapping of a 0.15 mm thick 2-cm2 area mat. We propose using these mats in active Braille cells and in liquid crystal writing tablets.
4-Element Concentric Pentagonal Slot-Line-Based Ultra-Wide Tuning Frequency Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna System (2018)

In this communication, a novel, compact, ultrawideband tuning, concentric pentagonal slot-line-based frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. It consists of a four-element antenna design on a commercially available FR-4 substrate with the dimensions of 60 × 120 ×1.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . All the antenna elements are planar in structure, which are etched out from ground plane. Frequency reconfigurability is achieved using varactor diodes by reactively loading the antennas. Each capacitance value of the varactor diode results in the triband operation. Proper capacitive reactance loading enables the antenna to resonate over a wide frequency band. The proposed MIMO antenna system is tuned over an ultrawide frequency band, and a smooth variation of the resonance frequencies is observed from 1.32 to 1.49 and 1.75 to 5.2 GHz. Moreover, the unique feature of the proposed antenna system is the effectiveness of reactively loading the slot over all the resonating bands. The proposed antenna system is compact and suitable to be used in wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals for cognitive radio applications. The envelope correlation coefficient did not exceed 0.186 in the entire operating band of the MIMO antenna operation. The maximum measured gain of the MIMO antenna is 4.5 dBi with a maximum efficiency of 81%.
Uptake and distribution of fluorescently labeled cobalamin in neoplastic and healthy breast tissue (2000)

Fluorescent analogs of cobalamin (vitamin B<SUB>12</SUB>) have been developed as diagnostic markers of cancer cells. These compounds are recognized by transcobalamin, a cobalamin transport protein, with high affinity, as shown by surface plasmon resonance. The cellular sequestration and gross distribution of fluorescent cobalamin bioconjugates in breast tissue is being examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The distribution of each compound is being evaluated in proliferative and non-proliferative tissue, i.e. normal tissue and breast carcinoma. The results of preliminary studies suggest that fluorescent analogs of cobalamin may be a useful tool in therapeutic breast operations to define tumor margins and to distinguish neoplastic breast tissue from healthy breast tissue.
A Review of Coaxial-Based Interstitial Antennas for Hepatic Microwave Ablation (2006)

Although surgical resection remains the gold standard for treatment of liver cancer, there is a growing need for alternative therapies. Microwave ablation (MWA) is an experimental procedure that has shown great promise for the treatment of unresectable tumors and exhibits many advantages over other alternatives to resection, such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. However, the antennas used to deliver microwave power largely govern the effectiveness of MWA. Research has focused on coaxial-based interstitial antennas that can be classified as one of three types (dipole, slot, or monopole). Choked versions of these antennas have also been developed, which can produce localized power deposition in tissue and are ideal for the treatment of deep-seated hepatic tumors.