gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Structural Similarity Based Pilot Protection for Renewable Power Transmission Line (2020)

The wide application of power electronic component in power system with renewable energy sources has changed the fault characteristics of conventional power system, resulting in the performance degradation of conventional protection, and even the risk of maloperation and rejection. This brings challenges to the security and stability of the power grid. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a novel principle of pilot protection based on structural similarity and square error method is proposed. The structural similarity criterion makes use of the difference of fault characteristics between renewable sources and synchronous generators to identify internal faults, while the square error auxiliary criterion is used to solve abnormal calculation of the existing similarity based protection. The detailed model of grid-connected renewable energy power plant is built in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the proposed protection algorithm is solidified in the industrial protection device. The effectiveness of the proposed principle is verified by hardware-in-loop dynamic simulation experiments. Compared with conventional differential protection, the proposed protection shows excellent performance in speed and reliability during various faults. In addition, a field short-circuit test is carried out in a real wind farm to verify the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme. It is proved that this proposed method has the prospect for industrial application.
MicroRNAs enriched in hematopoietic stem cells differentially regulate long-term hematopoietic output (2010)

The production of blood cells depends on a rare hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) population, but the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC biology remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs) that is enriched in HSCs compared with other bone-marrow cells. An in vivo gain-of-function screen found that three of these miRNAs conferred a competitive advantage to engrafting hematopoietic cells, whereas other HSC miRNAs attenuated production of blood cells. Overexpression of the most advantageous miRNA, miR-125b, caused a dose-dependent myeloproliferative disorder that progressed to a lethal myeloid leukemia in mice and also enhanced hematopoietic engraftment in human immune system mice. Our study identifies an evolutionarily conserved subset of miRNAs that is expressed in HSCs and functions to modulate hematopoietic output.
Selective black absorbers using MgO/Au cermet films (1976)

Cermet MgO/Au films prepared by rf sputtering are found to be highly absorbing in the solar spectrum and highly transparent in the infrared. Excellent selective absorbers, with solar absorptivity of over 0.9 and infrared emissivity of less than 0.1, have been produced by depositing such films on metal substrates. Films deposited on Mo-coated stainless steel are stable in air up to 400 °C.
An improved genetic algorithm for designing optimal temporal patterns of neural stimulation (2017)

The proposed improvements to standard GA methodology reduced the number of iterations required for convergence and identified superior solutions.
EDO (2006)

Optimizing exception handling is critical for programs that frequently throw exceptions. We observed that there are many such exception-intensive programs written in Java. There are two commonly used exception handling techniques, stack unwinding and stack cutting. Stack unwinding optimizes the normal path by leaving the exception handling path unoptimized, while stack cutting optimizes the exception handling path by adding extra work to the normal path. However, there has been no single exception handling technique to optimize the exception handling path without incurring any overhead to the normal path.We propose a new technique called Exception-Directed Optimization (EDO) that optimizes exception-intensive programs without slowing down exception-minimal programs. It is a feedback-directed dynamic optimization consisting of three steps: exception path profiling, exception path inlining, and throw elimination. Exception path profiling attempts to detect hot exception paths. Exception path inlining embeds every hot exception path into the corresponding catching method. Throw elimination replaces a throw with a branch to the corresponding handler. We implemented EDO in IBM's production Just-in-Time compiler and made several experiments. In summary, it improved the performance of exception-intensive programs by up to 18.3% without decreasing the performance of exception-minimal programs for SPECjvm98. We also found an opportunity for performance improvement using EDO in the startup of a Java application server.
Method of preparing superconducting orthorhombic-type compounds by bulk (1988)

Superconducting compositions of the general formula AnQmCu3Oy are prepared by wet mixing a combination organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts and oxides of A, Q and Cu, wherein at least one salt is an organic acid salt, drying the mixed salts, and then heating the resultant mixed salts to a temperature between 500 and 950 C. The temperature is maintained for a time sufficient to form a substantially orthorhombic superconducting composition. The method achieves good results with only one heating step. The presence of at least one organic salt causes carbonate and nitrate salts of A, Q and Cu to convert to oxides at temperatures between 300 and 400 C. With lower processing temperatures, semiconductor materials and superconducting materials can be processed together.
Phase-modulated dual-homodyne interferometer without periodic nonlinearity (2017)

A novel dual-homodyne interferometer, in which one interferometer acts as the reference interferometer and the other as the measurement one, is proposed to eliminate periodic nonlinearity for nanometer displacement measurement. By using one electro-optic phase modulator to modulate the common reference arm of the two interferometers, the DC interference signals of homodyne interferometers are modulated to AC signals. The measured displacement is carried on the phase difference change of the two AC interference signals. To address the influence of unequal fluctuations of the DC offsets of interference signals on the zero-crossing phase detection, a new phase difference detection method is proposed by counting the sample numbers in positive and negative half periods of interference signals. The merits of this interferometer are not only eliminating the nonlinear errors inherent to heterodyne and homodyne interferometers but also having the abilities of strong anti-interference, insensitivity to laser power drift and the unequal gain of detectors, as well as not demanding quadrature signals. An experiment of nanometer displacement measurement was performed to verify the feasibility of the interferometer, and the results show that sub-nanometer accuracy can be realized without periodic nonlinearity. The large displacement experiment shows that the results obtained with the proposed interferometer are in good accordance with those obtained from a comparison interferometer. These results show that the proposed interferometer can realize large displacement measurement with nanometer accuracy.
Distributed Intelligence for Online Situational Awareness in Power Grids (2021)

This paper presents a suite of analytics that are proposed to be embedded in next-generation smart sensors in electric power grids. The proposed analytics take the electrical signals as the input and unlock the full potential in signal processing and machine learning for real-time event detection and classification. Meanwhile, a robust synchrophasor estimation mechanism is housed within the proposed sensor technology that will be triggered following a detected event and guides on the adaptive selection of the best-fit (most accurate) synchrophasor estimation algorithms at all times. Embedding such analytics within the sensor and closer to where the waveforms are captured, the proposed distributed intelligence solution technology mitigates the potential risks to communication failures and latencies as well as malicious cyber threats. Our experiments demonstrate that the introduced scheme achieves improved quality of measurements with a promising event detection and classification accuracy, collectively resulting in enhanced online situational awareness in modern power grids.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measured Serum Biomarkers and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Stratification (2015)

Metabolomic studies have shown several serum or plasma biomarkers are raised in subjects with insulin resistance and type 2diabetes (T2D). In addition, several of these biomarkers, including various lipoprotein parameters, markers of inflammation and branched chain amino acids have been shown to be associated with new-onset T2D. A recently developed clinical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) instrument the Vantera Clinical Analyzer has the ability to measure these biomarkers in a single serum sample. Combining these NMR-measured biomarkers of future diabetes risk into a single algorithm called the Diabetes Risk Index or DRI, allows better diabetes prediction than any one of the individual biomarkers. This review summarizes the data suggesting that DRI may be a simple, inexpensive way to alert patients of their heightened risk of developing diabetes before they become prediabetic, allowing time for effective lifestyle modification to theoretically prevent, not just delay, onset of the disease.
Polarization in diffractive optics and metasurfaces (2021)

Polarization, the path traced by light’s electric field vector, appears in all areas of optics. In recent decades, various technologies have enabled the precise control of light’s polarization state, even on a subwavelength scale, at optical frequencies. In this review, we provide a thorough, high-level review of the fundamentals of polarization optics and detail how the Jones calculus, alongside Fourier optics, can be used to analyze, classify, and compare these optical elements. We provide a review of work in this area across multiple technologies and research areas, including recent developments in optical metasurfaces. This review unifies a large body of work on spatially varying polarization optics and may be of interest to both researchers in optics and designers of optical systems more generally.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Media Noise Prediction and Equalization for TDMR Turbo-Detection With Write/Read TMR (2022)

This article considers a turbo-detection system that includes a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based equalizer, a Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) trellis detector, a CNN-based media noise predictor (MNP), and a low-density parity-check (LDPC) channel decoder for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) in the presence of track misregistration (TMR). The input readings are passed to a 2-D partial response (PR) equalizer, which is either linear or CNN-based. The equalized waveforms are inputs to a 2-D BCJR detector, which generates log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) outputs. The CNN MNP is provided with BCJR LLRs to estimate signal-dependent media noise samples and feed them back to the BCJR. A second pass through the BCJR produces LLRs, which are decoded by an LDPC decoder; achieved areal density (AD) is computed from the LDPC code rate. Spatially varying read- and write-TMR models are developed. We investigate the performance of the proposed system on simulated TDMR readback waveforms generated by grain-switching probabilistic (GSP) simulations. We have two types of GSP datasets. Dataset #1 includes two 10 nm bit length (BL) datasets with 18 and 24 nm track pitch (TP). Dataset #2 has 11 nm BL and 15 nm TP. The comparison baseline is a 1-D BCJR detector with pattern-dependent noise prediction (PDNP) and soft intertrack interference (ITI) subtraction, referred to as 1-D PDNP with LLR exchange. The write-TMR and read-TMR are modeled as cross-track-independent downtrack-correlated random processes. In the presence of joint write- and read-TMR, the proposed turbo-detection system achieves 8.34% and 0.70% AD gain over 1-D PDNP with LLR exchange for TP 18 and 24 nm dataset #1, respectively, and is more robust to TMR compared to the baseline.
LAVES (2013)

This demonstration presents an innovative instant mobile video search system based on layered audio-video indexing, called "LAVES." Through the system, users can discover videos by simply pointing their phones at a screen to capture a very few seconds of what they are watching. Unlike most existing mobile video search applications which simply send the original video query to the cloud, the proposed mobile system is one of the first attempts towards instant and progressive video search leveraging the light-weight computing capacity of mobile devices. The system is able to index large-scale video data using the layered audio-video indexing technique on the cloud, as well as extract light-weight joint audio-video signatures in real time and perform bipartite-graph-based progressive search process on the devices. On a 600 hours video dataset, the system can outperform the state-of-the-arts by achieving 90.79% precision when the query video is less than 10 seconds.
Biomedical applications of electrical impedance tomography (2002)

The papers on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in this issue arise, as in last year's special issue, from a conference on Biomedical Applications of EIT held in London in April 2000. This was the second annual conference, organized as part of an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 'engineering network' on biomedical EIT. The conference was attended by about 60 people, representing almost all of the groups in the world who actively work in this area. There were talks in all the traditional areas of reconstruction algorithms, hardware and clinical applications, but the field is clearly changing as there were two additional sections, magnetic induction tomography and EIT of brain activity, each with seven papers from four groups. Another new trend was a contribution from a company, showing their novel system for impedance scanning of breast cancer. New advances from all these areas are represented in the twenty-one EIT papers in this issue. The principal goals of the engineering network, and resulting conferences, are to enable transfer of ideas between groups and enhance collaboration. On both these counts, I think the conference was successful. There was clearly cross-fertilization of ideas between the conference delegates. In the final discussion, three interest groups were established in EIT of the breast, chest function and neonatal lung function. These groups have agreed to co-ordinate their activity, and so I hope this will further the need of our field as a whole to produce clinically convincing results. Another important outcome is the collaboration to produce EIDORS - electrical impedance and diffuse optical reconstruction software. This will be a library of reconstruction routines, written in the widely used MATLAB language. It will be freely available and will be of substantial advantage for anyone in the field who wishes to adapt or extend their reconstruction algorithms. One of the papers in this issue describes this software development. Finally, I would like to thank Professor Nick Avis, Salford University, who kindly acted as editor for manuscripts in the special issue submitted by my own research group, and Bill Lionheart, UMIST, who organized a workshop on reconstruction algorithms early last year and is the driving force behind EIDORS.
HF radar surface-current mapping: recent US/Canadian advances (1990)

Advances in high-frequency (HF) radar current measuring systems are discussed. Developments in the ground-truthing of HF radars during the 1970s and 1980s are reviewed, and direction-finding (DF) bearing determination with compact crossed-loop antennas is described in detail. Signal improvements are discussed. Ocean current data extraction and interpretation advances are described. Compact crossed-loop antennas, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isomeric Dianhydrides Based Modified Phenylethynyl-terminated Addition-type Imide Oligomers (2005)

Two series of addition-type imide oligomers derived from asymmetric 2,3,3’,4’-biphenyltetra-carboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) and isomeric 2,3,2’,3-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (i-BPDA) or 3,3’,4,4’-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) with 4,4’-oxydianiline (4,4’-ODA) and 4-phenylethynyl-phthalic anhydride (PEPA) were prepared and characterized. All imide co-oligomers having molecular weight of 2500 g mol -1 (n=4) showed good solubility in NMP, which has 40% (w/v) solid content. The thermal curing process of the oligomers was investigated by Fourier transform-infrared and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The rheological behaviors showed that the oligomers have low melt viscosity above 300°C. The glass transition temperature of the cured imide oligomer films was measured by DSC and dynamic mechanical analysis, and found to be related to the structure of polymer chain. The tensile and thermal properties of the cured films were evaluated. Solubility, thermal and tensile properties of oligomers with different molecular weights were also investigated.
Identifying RFID tag categories in linear time (2009)

Given a large set of RFID tags, we are interested in determining the categories of tags that are present in the shortest time possible. Since there can be more than one tag present in a particular category, pure randomized strategies that rely on resolving individual tags are very inefficient. Instead, we rely on a pseudo-random strategy that utilizes a uniform hash function to accurately identify all t categories present among a given set of ψ tags with high probability. We propose two algorithms: (a) a single frame algorithm that determines the optimal frame size, and (b) a probabilistic version where the frame size is fixed, and we select the probability to minimize the number of frames needed for identification. Both of these algorithms run in time linear to the number of categories present, t. We show that our approach significantly outperforms existing algorithms for category identification. The performance of our algorithms is within a constant factor of the lower bound.
Video Coding Using Spatially Varying Transform (2011)

In this paper, a novel algorithm called spatially varying transform (SVT) is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of video coders. SVT enables video coders to vary the position of the transform block, unlike state-of-art video codecs where the position of the transform block is fixed. In addition to changing the position of the transform block, the size of the transform can also be varied within the SVT framework, to better localize the prediction error so that the underlying correlations are better exploited. It is shown in this paper that by varying the position of the transform block and its size, characteristics of prediction error are better localized, and the coding efficiency is thus improved. The proposed algorithm is implemented and studied in the H.264/AVC framework. We show that the proposed algorithm achieves 5.85% bitrate reduction compared to H.264/AVC on average over a wide range of test set. Gains become more significant at medium to high bitrates for most tested sequences and the bitrate reduction may reach 13.50%, which makes the proposed algorithm very suitable for future video coding solutions focusing on high fidelity video applications. The gain in coding efficiency is achieved with a similar decoding complexity which makes the proposed algorithm easy to be incorporated in video codecs. However, the encoding complexity of SVT can be relatively high because of the need to perform a number of rate distortion optimization (RDO) steps to select the best location parameter (LP), which indicates the position of the transform. In this paper, a novel low complexity algorithm is also proposed, operating on a macroblock and a block level, to reduce the encoding complexity of SVT. Experimental results show that the proposed low complexity algorithm can reduce the number of LPs to be tested in RDO by about 80% with only a marginal penalty in the coding efficiency.
The unbounded benefit of encoder cooperation for the k-user MAC (2016)

Cooperation strategies that allow communication devices to work together can improve network capacity. This paper generalizes the “cooperation facilitator” (CF) model from the 2-user to the k-user multiple access channel (MAC), extending capacity bounds, characterizing all k-user MACs for which the sum-capacity gain of encoder cooperation exceeds the capacity cost that enables it, and demonstrating an infinite benefit-cost ratio in the limit of small cost.
Discovery of amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and MET (2021)

A bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) pathways represents a novel approach to overcome resistance to targeted therapies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we sequentially screened a panel of BsAbs in a combinatorial approach to select the optimal bispecific molecule. The BsAbs were derived from different EGFR and MET parental monoclonal antibodies. Initially, molecules were screened for EGFR and MET binding on tumor cell lines and lack of agonistic activity toward MET. Hits were identified and further screened based on their potential to induce untoward cell proliferation and cross-phosphorylation of EGFR by MET via receptor colocalization in the absence of ligand. After the final step, we selected the EGFR and MET arms for the lead BsAb and added low fucose Fc engineering to generate amivantamab (JNJ-61186372). The crystal structure of the anti-MET Fab of amivantamab bound to MET was solved, and the interaction between the two molecules in atomic details was elucidated. Amivantamab antagonized the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced signaling by binding to MET Sema domain and thereby blocking HGF β-chain-Sema engagement. The amivantamab EGFR epitope was mapped to EGFR domain III and residues K443, K465, I467, and S468. Furthermore, amivantamab showed superior antitumor activity over small molecule EGFR and MET inhibitors in the HCC827-HGF in vivo model. Based on its unique mode of action, amivantamab may provide benefit to patients with malignancies associated with aberrant EGFR and MET signaling.
Biocompatible wireless power transferring based on ultrasonic resonance devices (2013)

To increase application area of implantable devices for medical treatment including implantable cardiac defibrillator or deep brain stimulator, wireless power transfer is highly required. Previous technologies such as magnetic resonance and induction coupling have limited applications because of short transfer distance compared to device size and magnetic field intensity limitation for the safety of body exposure. The biocompatible wireless power transferring technology is proposed using ultrasonic resonance method. In power transfer through tissue, since the distance between transmitter and receiver is not adjustable, the optimum power transfer condition is changed. For efficient power transferring, operating frequency should be adjusted based on acoustic radiation and spatial pressure distribution. The ultrasonic resonance transmitter and receiver are manufactured with 50mm diameter and 250 kHz resonance frequency. In case of water medium, since it is easy to adjust frequency at fixed distance, it brings about 55% power transferring efficiency at 30 mm distance. In tissue medium, it is obtained 21 % power transfer efficiency in 23 mm skin depth at 255 kHz driving frequency. It is quite high considered device size and power transfer distance, concluding that wireless power transferring using ultrasonic resonance is feasible to apply in biocompatible application.