gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Machine Virtualization with 'Hotplug Memory' (2006)

Machine virtualization has emerged as a key technology for server consolidation and on-demand server provisioning. To support this trend, it is essential to improve the performance of virtualization software and hence enable the efficient running of many virtual machines. We present a virtualization system that can dynamically extend the real memory of its guest virtual machines. We describe an implementation of dynamic memory extension for Linux guests running on the IBM zVM virtualization environment. Our implementation for the Linux extension is based on device drivers for accessing these dynamic memory extensions. Moreover, we show that this new capability can improve utilization and performance of the Linux guests in our virtualization environment. Specifically, memory management is improved and more virtual machines can run at a given moment. We study the utilization of dynamic memory extension of a Linux guest for a JVM heap. Running Specjbb2000 benchmark on a small virtual machine extended with dynamic memory to host the heap, we measured an improvement in transaction throughput and a 23.23% reduction in paging activity compared to an initially large machine. We further studied the implication of our experiments on the number of virtual machines that can run efficiently.
Breast Cancer Stem Cells Transition between Epithelial and Mesenchymal States Reflective of their Normal Counterparts (2014)

Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) mediate metastasis, are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, and contribute to relapse. Although several BCSC markers have been described, it is unclear whether these markers identify the same or independent BCSCs. Here, we show that BCSCs exist in distinct mesenchymal-like (epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT]) and epithelial-like (mesenchymal-epithelial transition [MET]) states. Mesenchymal-like BCSCs characterized as CD24(-)CD44(+) are primarily quiescent and localized at the tumor invasive front, whereas epithelial-like BCSCs express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), are proliferative, and are located more centrally. The gene-expression profiles of mesenchymal-like and epithelial-like BCSCs are remarkably similar across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and resemble those of distinct basal and luminal stem cells found in the normal breast. We propose that the plasticity of BCSCs that allows them to transition between EMT- and MET-like states endows these cells with the capacity for tissue invasion, dissemination, and growth at metastatic sites.
Education for Entry into Nursing Practice: Revisited for the 21st Century (2002)

Professions progress through an expected evolutionary process. This consists of expanding the scientific base, creating technical workers to share in the essential mission of the field, standardizing and up-grading education for entry into practice, and moving forward with specialization. Nursing s progression has been spotty and incomplete, largely because of the influence of external communities of interest, and the fact that nurses have resisted and personalized decisions that are necessary for future generations. For nursing, education for entry into practice has been the most contentious issue in this scheme of professional evolution. For almost 100 years, nurses have debated "entry", but moved to little planned change. Rather, nursing has been swept along by a host of social and educational circumstances that had little to do with nursing. The result has been a myriad of programs with graduates used interchangeably in the real world. This absence of consensus within the discipline of nursing causes consumer confusion, seriously compromises our ability to serve the public, and is intimately associated with the nursing shortage of 2002. What is adequate educational preparation for entry into professional practice for the 21st Century? Agreement on this issue is an essential step towards a preferred future. This paper is intended to raise issues, and to stimulate discussion around these issues, rather than to provide answers.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 17/2009 (2009)

Frontispiece: An alcohol-soluble ionic molecular glass based on a dendronized monoammonium salt is facilely synthesized and utilized as an interfacial electron-injection layer in a polymer light-emitting diode. Photovoltaic measurements under white light irradiation reveal that a thin layer of the new compound can significantly increase the built-in potential and thus facilitate electron injection from an Al cathode. Further details can be found in the article by G. Liu, A.-Y. Li, D. An, H. Wu, X.-H. Zhu,* Y. Li, X.-R. Miao, W.-L. Deng, W. Yang, Y. Cao, and J. Roncali on page 1484.
Performance of Turbo Product Code in Wimax (2013)

IEEE 802.16 is a standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) air interface. 802.16e supports mobile broadband wireless access, which is an additional feature over its predecessors, which support fixed wireless access. Binary Convolutional Turbo Coding (CTC) is used as mandatory Forward Error Correction method in 802.16e. In this paper the performance of a simple and efficient optional coding scheme namely Turbo Product Code (TPC) is proposed for 802.16e system and is compared with CTC.
CideB Protein Is Required for the Biogenesis of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Transport Vesicle (2013)

Nascent very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a specialized ER-derived vesicle, the VLDL transport vesicle (VTV). Similar to protein transport vesicles (PTVs), VTVs require coat complex II (COPII) proteins for their biogenesis from the ER membranes. Because the size of the VTV is large, we hypothesized that protein(s) in addition to COPII components might be required for VTV biogenesis. Our proteomic analysis, supported by Western blotting data, shows that a 26-kDa protein, CideB, is present in the VTV but not in other ER-derived vesicles such as PTV and pre-chylomicron transport vesicle. Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy analyses suggest that CideB is concentrated in the VTV. Our co-immunoprecipitation data revealed that CideB specifically interacts with VLDL structural protein, apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), but not with albumin, a PTV cargo protein. Confocal microscopic data indicate that CideB co-localizes with apoB100 in the ER. Additionally, CideB interacts with COPII components, Sar1 and Sec24. To investigate the role of CideB in VTV biogenesis, we performed an in vitro ER budding assay. We show that the blocking of CideB inhibits VTV budding, indicating a direct requirement of CideB in VTV formation. To confirm our findings, we knocked down CideB in primary hepatocytes and isolated ER and cytosol to examine whether they support VTV budding. Our data suggest that CideB knockdown significantly reduces VTV biogenesis. These findings suggest that CideB forms an intricate COPII coat and regulates the VTV biogenesis.
Automated Administration of Virtual Machines and Networks on the VMware ESX Platform (2011)

This thesis considers a novel solution to deploy and administrate virtual machines and networks on the VMware ESX platform. The new solution is able to decrease network deployment complexity and increase automatic administration and coherence. Virtual machines and networks are described by MLN language. A plug-in esx.pl is developed to associate MLN to create and manage virtual machines and networks. Advanced features including network upgrade and migration are also implemented. Creating and administrating two different networks are demonstrated via MLN and plug-in esx.pl. More upgrade and migration cases are analysed as well. After that, data is collected to compare the ordinary and new solution to select a more efficient solution among several scenarios. Furthermore, a user interface is developed to make deployment and administration more convenient.
High Resolution Software Defined Radar System for Target Detection (2013)

The Universal Software Radio Peripheral USRP NI2920, a software defined transceiver so far mainly used in Software Defined Radio applications, is adopted in this work to design a high resolution L-Band Software Defined Radar system. The enhanced available bandwidth, due to the Gigabit Ethernet interface, is exploited to obtain a higher slant-range resolution with respect to the existing Software Defined Radar implementations. A specific LabVIEW application, performing radar operations, is discussed, and successful validations are presented to demonstrate the accurate target detection capability of the proposed software radar architecture. In particular, outdoor and indoor test are performed by adopting a metal plate as reference structure located at different distances from the designed radar system, and results obtained from the measured echo are successfully processed to accurately reveal the correct target position, with the predicted slant-range resolution equal to 6 m.
A Metacoupler for Converting Propagating Waves to Guided Waves in Wire Waveguides (2017)

Propagating electromagnetic waves in free space cannot directly couple to guided waves in waveguides due to momentum mismatch. Here, we propose a method to design a metacoupler that can convert propagating waves into guided waves along wire waveguides in a noninvasive way. The metacoupler is attached to the wire waveguide and imposes an additional wave vector to the scattered waves, thus, filling the momentum gap between the propagating waves and guided waves. Numerical simulations have confirmed the conversion effect in corrugated metal wire and silicon wire waveguides.
Surprising New Dengue Virus Throws a Spanner in Disease Control Efforts (2013)

Scientists have discovered a fifth dengue virus. The first new serotype discovered in a half century could complicate control efforts, especially the quest for a vaccine.
Effects of<scp>l</scp>-Arginine on Atherogenesis and Endothelial Dysfunction due to Secondhand Smoke (1999)

Secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypercholesterolemia increase cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide (NO), might protect against atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction caused by SHS. The effects of L-arginine supplementation (2.25% solution ad libitum) and SHS (smoking chambers for 10 weeks) were examined in 32 hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Eight normal rabbits served as controls. Acetylcholine- and nitroglycerin-induced vasorelaxation was assessed in aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine. Hypercholesterolemia increased intimal lesion area (P=0.012), reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation (P=0.009), and reduced basal (P=0.005) and stimulated (P<0.0005) production of NOs. SHS increased intimal lesion area (P=0. 01) norepinephrine-induced contraction (P=0.001) and reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation (P=0.02). SHS-induced increase in norepinephrine contraction was abolished by the inhibition of NO synthase and removal of endothelium. L-Arginine improved endothelium-dependent relaxation (P=0.001) and attenuated SHS-induced endothelial dysfunction (P=0.007) and atherogenesis (P=0. 001). Basal production of nitrogen oxides correlated inversely with intimal lesion area (r=-0.66; P<0.0005) and stimulated production of NOs correlated with endothelium-dependent relaxation (r=-0.66; P<0. 001). SHS causes endothelial dysfunction and increased adrenergic responsiveness and atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Chronic dietary supplementation with the NO precursor L-arginine mitigates these effects. The adverse vascular consequences of SHS appear to be mediated via deleterious effects on endothelial function.
A Simple Unified Framework for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples and Adversarial Attacks (2018)

Detecting test samples drawn sufficiently far away from the training distribution statistically or adversarially is a fundamental requirement for deploying a good classifier in many real-world machine learning applications. However, deep neural networks with the softmax classifier are known to produce highly overconfident posterior distributions even for such abnormal samples. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method for detecting any abnormal samples, which is applicable to any pre-trained softmax neural classifier. We obtain the class conditional Gaussian distributions with respect to (low- and upper-level) features of the deep models under Gaussian discriminant analysis, which result in a confidence score based on the Mahalanobis distance. While most prior methods have been evaluated for detecting either out-of-distribution or adversarial samples, but not both, the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performances for both cases in our experiments. Moreover, we found that our proposed method is more robust in harsh cases, e.g., when the training dataset has noisy labels or small number of samples. Finally, we show that the proposed method enjoys broader usage by applying it to class-incremental learning: whenever out-of-distribution samples are detected, our classification rule can incorporate new classes well without further training deep models.
Structural Basis for the Recognition of Carbohydrates by Human Galectin-7<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Knowledge about carbohydrate recognition domains of galectins, formerly known as S-type animal lectins, is important in understanding their role(s) in cell-cell interactions. Here we report the crystal structure of human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in free form and in the presence of galactose, galactosamine, lactose, and N-acetyl-lactosamine at high resolution. This is the first structure of a galectin determined in both free and carbohydrate-bound forms. The structure shows a fold similar to that of the prototype galectins -1 and -2, but has greater similarity to a related galectin molecule, Gal-10. Even though the carbohydrate-binding residues are conserved, there are significant changes in this pocket due to shortening of a loop structure. The monomeric hGal-7 molecule exists as a dimer in the crystals, but adopts a packing arrangement considerably different from that of Gal-1 and Gal-2, which has implications for carbohydrate recognition.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals (2019)

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Semisynthetic Fluorescent Sensor Proteins Based on Self-Labeling Protein Tags (2009)

Genetically encoded fluorescent sensor proteins offer the possibility to probe the concentration of key metabolites in living cells. The approaches currently used to generate such fluorescent sensor proteins lack generality, as they require a protein that undergoes a conformational change upon metabolite binding. Here we present an approach that overcomes this limitation. Our biosensors consist of SNAP-tag, a fluorescent protein and a metabolite-binding protein. SNAP-tag is specifically labeled with a synthetic molecule containing a ligand of the metabolite-binding protein and a fluorophore. In the labeled sensor, the metabolite of interest displaces the intramolecular ligand from the binding protein, thereby shifting the sensor protein from a closed to an open conformation. The readout is a concomitant ratiometric change in the fluorescence intensities of the fluorescent protein and the tethered fluorophore. The observed ratiometric changes compare favorably with those achieved in genetically encoded fluorescent sensor proteins. Furthermore, the modular design of our sensors permits the facile generation of ratiometric fluorescent sensors at wavelengths not covered by autofluorescent proteins. These features should allow semisynthetic fluorescent sensor proteins based on SNAP-tag to become important tools for probing previously inaccessible metabolites.
The acoustic vector sensor: a versatile battlefield acoustics sensor (2011)

The invention of the Microflown sensor has made it possible to measure acoustic particle velocity directly. An acoustic vector sensor (AVS) measures the particle velocity in three directions (the source direction) and the pressure. The sensor is a uniquely versatile battlefield sensor because its size is a few millimeters and it is sensitive to sound from 10Hz to 10kHz. This article shows field tests results of acoustic vector sensors, measuring rifles, heavy artillery, fixed wing aircraft and helicopters. Experimental data shows that the sensor is suitable as a ground sensor, mounted on a vehicle and on a UAV.
Guided waves in marine CSEM (2007)

Recently, marine controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) has shown great potential in hydrocarbon exploration, where the goal is to detect thin resistive layers at depth below the seafloor. The experiment comprises a horizontal electric dipole transmitter towed over an array of receivers at the seafloor. The transmitter emits a low-frequency signal (<1 Hz) and measurements of the electric field are made. The depth of the target layer requires transmitter—receiver separations of several kilometres. As a function of separation r, the electromagnetic signal consists of a short-ranging contribution with an exponential decay resulting from the transmission through ocean and sediment (including the reflection at all interfaces) and a long-ranging contribution with a dominant 1/r3 -decay associated with the airwave guided at the air—ocean interface. Of particular interest among the exponentially decaying waves is the wave guided in the resistive target layer with a well-defined long decay length. In a shallow sea, this ‘resistive-layer mode’ is partly masked by the airwave. The topics of this study are the airwave and the resistive-layer mode. For a general 1-D conductivity distribution we derive the simple expression of the leading term of the airwave for arbitrary transmitter and receiver position and define a ‘pure’ complete airwave, which for all separations is close to the asymptotic expansion of the airwave in powers of 1/r. Whereas the treatment of the airwave can be done in terms of Bessel function integrals with real wavenumbers, the resistive-layer mode requires the complex wavenumber plane, where it is defined as the residual at the TM-mode pole with the smallest imaginary part. For sufficiently high integrated resistivity of the layer, we give a simple method to determine the position of this pole. In the complex wavenumber plane, the pure complete airwave is presented by a branch-cut integral. For a typical model, this study concludes with the remarkable result that the superposition of airwave and resistive-layer mode provides an excellent description of the electric field over a wide range of separations.
Understanding right ventricular myocardial infarction in prehospital care (2021)

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) most commonly occurs in relation to an inferior myocardial infarction. Patients with this condition where the culprit right coronary artery (RCA) is occluded have a poor prognosis. Early recognition and the specific treatment pathway for RVMI differ from the treatment for general acute coronary syndrome (ACS) which could help the paramedic to treat this condition more appropriately. This article explores current guidelines for the recognition and treatment of RVMI and the possible application of specific guidelines in a prehospital setting with regards to using right-sided precordial ECG, the administration of fluids and potential complications arising from vasodilatory drugs. Furthermore, the purpose of this article is to help educate and develop the understanding of RVMI in this high-risk subgroup who have an increased morbidity and mortality.
Cost‐Based Supplier Performance Evaluation (1988)

Cost‐based management of the supplier base becomes increasingly important as the array of business factors that affect a firm's ability to compete expands. The purchasing function, through its integral interface with the supplier base, can institute a performance measurement system that both quantifies suppliers' performance in terms of cost and enhances the buy‐sell relationships. A cost‐based supplier performance evaluation system provides a justifiable and rational method for evaluating key supplier performance factors. The system is predicated on the recognition that material price is only a fraction of the cost of the purchased material. It identifies supplier non‐performance costs and accurately reflects the actual cost of doing business with suppliers. In this article the authors discuss the development of a cost‐based supplier performance evaluation system, based on their work with an electronics firm. The relevance of the system to purchasing and the buy‐sell relationship is presented, and the system logic is detailed. Additionally, the implementation approach is overviewed and application conclusions are drawn.
High-Aspect-Ratio Nanoscale Patterning in a Negative Tone Photoresist (2015)

The demand for high-aspect-ratio structures has been increasing in the field of semiconductors and other applications. Here, we present the commercially available negative-tone SU-8 as a potential resist that can be used for direct patterning of high-aspect-ratio structures at the submicron scale and the nanoscale. Such resist patterns can be used as polymeric molds to create high-aspect-ratio metallic submicron and nanoscale structures by using electroplating. Compared with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), we found that the negative tone resist required an exposure dose that was less than that of PMMA of equal thickness by a factor of 100-150. Patterning of up to 4:1 aspect ratio SU-8 structures with a minimum feature size of 500 nm was demonstrated. In addition, nanoimprint lithography was studied to further extend the aspect ratio to realize a minimum feature size of less than 10 nm with an extremely high aspect ratio in the negative resist.
Chemical Modification of Cellulose Microfibres to Reinforce Poly(methyl methacrylate) Used for Dental Application (2020)

The mechanical properties of dental acrylic resins have to be improved in the case of a thin denture plate. This can be achieved by cellulose addition, playing the role of active filler. But to provide the excellent dispersion of cellulose microfibres within the hydrophobic polymer matrix, its surface has to be modified. Cellulose microfibres with average length from 8 to 30 μm were modified with octyltriethoxysilane and (3-methacryloxypropyl)methyldimethoxysilane. The latter also participated in the polymerisation reaction of methyl methacrylate. Dental composites were prepared following the general procedure provided by the supplier. The successful modification of the microfibres led to the improved compatibility of the cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate). The fibres after modification were uniformly distributed within the matrix, resulting in the improved mechanical performance of obtained materials. Cellulose microfibres are good candidates for the dental materials to be used as the active filler. The simple and straightforward approach for the cellulose modifications with silanes provides good potential for its future practical application.
Value Creation in the Digital Age – An Information Management Approach (2004)

H046 Value Creation in the Digital Age: An Information Management Approach Introduction ABBAS MEHRABIAN 1 and JESS KOZMAN 1 1 Schlumberger Information Solutions 7th Floor West Wing Rohas Perkasa No.8 Jalan Perak 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia One of the biggest challenges in oil and gas exploration is accurately measuring the financial return on investments in technology. Metrics are evolving that allow the rigorous calculation of value added and the effect on discoveries. Information management solution implementations provide value creation by streamlining key elements of process technology and data. They consist of workflow optimization technology mastery and data ownership initiatives. Impacts