gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkoxyphenyl-Substituted Symmetric Liquid Crystalline Diamantane Derivatives (2011)

Abstract Eleven novel thermotropic rod-shaped liquid crystals composed of alkoxyphenyl (methoxy to decyloxy) or hexanoyloxyphenyl groups on both ends of the diamantane core have been synthesized and their liquid crystalline properties investigated. All of them behaved as liquid crystals at considerably high temperatures. When the alkoxy side chains are propyloxy or shorter, the clearing points are over 300 °C. The clearing point of a liquid crystalline compound with two hexanoyloxy groups also exceeds 300 °C. When the alkoxy groups on both ends of the molecule are octyloxy or longer, they showed only smectic phases as the mesophase. When they are shorter than octyloxy, the compounds showed nematic phases just below their clearing points. A nematic phase was also observed for the hexanoyloxy compound as well as the smectic A and B phases. However, as the bent-shaped adamantane-derived hexyloxyphenyl molecule did not show any liquid crystalline properties, the linear structures of the diamantane-derived molecules were crucial in generating liquid crystalline phases.
Electrostatic vibrational energy harvester with ionic liquid and potassium-ion-electret (2016)

This paper introduces an electrostatic vibrational energy harvester with an effective electrode distance of ∼1 μm by utilizing the 1-nm-thick insulating gap that an ionic liquid forms, followed by a proof-of-concept with an AC current of 100 nA (peak-to-peak) and a voltage of 100 mV (peak-to-peak) generated from our prototype.
Evaluation of the Latency‐Associated Nuclear Antigen (ORF73) of Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus by Peptide Mapping and Bacterially Expressed Recombinant Western Blot Assay (2000)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus open-reading frame (ORF) 73 encodes a latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) that is the basis for several serologic assays. Immunoreactive epitopes were searched for by peptide mapping, and 171 cleavable, biotinylated 17-mer peptides offset by 5 residues were synthesized and screened with human serum samples by ELISA. The initial screen, which used highly reactive serum diluted 1:500, identified 38 immunoreactive peptides. These were subsequently tested on additional serum samples diluted 1:40. Thirteen peptides were more reactive with serum samples from patients with KS than with control serum samples. No single epitope was recognized by most KS patient serum samples. Combined use of these peptides did not increase test sensitivity to that of current indirect immunofluorescence assays for LANA (80%-90%). For comparison, full-length ORF73 was expressed in bacteria and analyzed by Western blot. The overall sensitivity was 67% (range, 100% among US patients with classic KS to 52% among Italian patients with classic KS). These studies suggest that LANA immunoreactivity may be due to variations in patient response or conformational epitopes.
Immunization with recombinant fusion of LTB and linear epitope (40–62) of epsilon toxin elicits protective immune response against the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D (2019)

Epsilon toxin (Etx) produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, a major causative agent of enterotoxaemia causes significant economic losses to animal industry. Conventional vaccines against these pathogens generally employ formalin-inactivated culture supernatants. However, immunization with the culture supernatant and full length toxin subjects the animal to antigenic load and often have adverse effect due to incomplete inactivation of the toxins. In the present study, an epitope-based vaccine against Clostridium perfringens Etx, comprising 40-62 amino acid residues of the toxin in translational fusion with heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) of E. coli, was evaluated for its protective potential. The ability of the fusion protein rLTB.Etx<sub>40-62</sub> to form pentamers and biologically active holotoxin with LTA of E. coli indicated that the LTB present in the fusion protein retained its biological activity. Antigenicity of both the components in the fusion protein was retained as anti-fusion protein antisera detected both the wild type Etx and LTB in Western blot analysis. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the fusion protein resulted in a significant increase in all isotypes, predominantly IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. Anti-fusion protein antisera neutralized the cytotoxicity of epsilon toxin both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the results demonstrate the potential of rLTB.Etx<sub>40-62</sub> as a candidate vaccine against C. perfringens.
A new immobilization technique of whole cells and enzymes with colloidal silica and alginate (1988)

A mixed gel composed of colloidal silica and alginate (As gel) was prepared for the immobilization of enzymes or microorganisms. The physical strength of AS gel increased with the amount of colloidal silica. The ethanol production rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (IFO 0224) immobilized in AS gel was higher than in alginate gel (Al gel) in the early phase of growth. At a concentration of glucose of more than 10%, the ethanol production of immobilized yeast in AS gel was higher than in Al gel. Any difference was not recognized in the diffusion coefficient of glucose between AS and Al gels. The AS gel had an ability to retain proteins such as bovine serum albumin and gamma-globulin. The alkaline protease and beta-galactosidase in AS gel continued their function for a long time, but those immobilized in Al gel did not. Immobilized beta-galactosidase in AS gel had a higher thermal stability than in Al gel or free enzymes.
Coherence factor of speckle from a multi-row probe (2003)

The coherence factor provides a quantitative measure of image quality. It is defined as the ratio of the coherent sum across array elements to the incoherent sum and measures the distribution of ultrasonic energy between the main beam and side lobes of a radiation pattern. Values range from 0 to 1. For low values most of the energy is outside of the main beam, and for high values it is in the main beam. The authors have applied the van Cittert-Zernike theorem to determine analytic solutions of the coherence factor for single and multi-row arrays. The solution depends only on the number of rows and columns in a transducer array. With a multi-row probe, the authors imaged a uniform tissue-mimicking phantom and saved coherent signals. Images of the phantom were produced based on coherent and incoherent summations of array elements. They then combined the two images to produce a coherence factor image. Within the focal region, average coherence was 0.50 for the phantom which compares favorably to a value of 0.53 from the analytic solution. Next, phase distortions of pi/2 and pi radians were electronically introduced at specific elements, and the phantom was imaged again. Phase distortion greatly effects energy distribution for coherent summations but has a minimal effect on incoherent summations. An introduced distortion of pi/2 decreased the average coherence factor to 0.33. A distortion of pi further decreased it to 0.11. Results of human studies showed decreased average coherence factors compared to undistorted phantom images. These results suggest that the coherence factor provides a quantitative measure of beam quality for in vivo imaging.
Overlay models for nanoimprint lithography (2021)

The integration of a NIL into production for advanced memory devices will require compatibility with existing high-end optical lithography processes in order to meet the aggressive overlay performance specifications. To deliver such a demanding overlay specification, it is necessary for NIL to achieve reliable alignment and to expand its overlay error budget to include as many as higher-order error components along with their countermeasure options. In this paper, NIL overlay models have been developed to address alignment of full fields and partial fields.
Isolation of an <scp>L</scp>‐Stereospecific <i>N</i>‐Acyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐proline‐Acylase and its Use as Catalyst in Organic Synthesis (1990)

Microbiological screening has resulted in the selection of the microorganism Comamonas testosteroni . Growth of this bacterium in the presence of N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐proline leads to formation of the enzyme N ‐acyl‐ L ‐proline acylase. The enzyme (molecular weight 380 ± 40 kDa, with eight identical subunits),is thermally stable to 70 °C. At pH values between 5 and 10 the enzyme causes stereospecific hydrolysis of N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐proline, making it useful for the resolution of racemic D,L ‐proline mixtures.
A self-healing architecture for fiber bragg grating sensor network (2006)

A self-healing architecture for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor networks is proposed and demonstrated. We design remote nodes by using simple optical switches to check the breakpoint and reconfigure the FBG network if any link fails. Moreover, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor system, we adopt a fiber laser scheme to construct our proposed self-healing architecture. The fiber laser adopted in this system leads to the SNR over 50 dB for the sensor system. The network survivability of a 10 point FBG sensor is experimentally verified. The proposed system can facilitate a reliable sensor network for a large-scale and multipoint smart structure.
Progress in Cr<sup>2+</sup>and Fe<sup>2+</sup>doped mid‐IR laser materials (2009)

Abstract Recent progress in chromium and iron doped II‐VI semiconductor materials makes them the laser sources of choice when one needs a compact system with tunability over 1.9–5.1 μm. Output powers exceeding 10 W and efficiency up to 70% were demonstrated in several Cr doped semiconductors. The unique combination of technological (low‐cost ceramic material) and spectroscopic characteristics makes these materials ideal candidates for mid‐IR tunable laser systems. This article reviews transition metal doped II–VI materials and recent progress in Cr‐ and Fe‐doped solid‐state mid‐IR lasers.
Brain-display interactive system by using steady-state visual evoke potential(SSVEP) stimulation (2014)

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is one of the most effective modalities for brain-computer interaction. However, its flickering visual stimuli may cause discomfort, even induce migraine and seizure attacks among its viewers. This paper presents a novel approach to induce SSVEP with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) using composite color lights flickering near or above its critical flicker fusion (CFF) thresholds. Different combinations of frequencies, relative phases and pulse widths of the stimuli waveforms were tested for their effectiveness to produce high SNR values among their SSVEP responses. Results of our experiments were analyzed and studied. The rationale behind the special design of high-frequency polychromatic stimuli and the implications towards the development of an effective brain-display interaction (BDI) system were also discussed.
Towards a Unified Declarative and Imperative XQuery Processor. (2008)

Since the birth of XML, the processing of XML query languages like XQuery/XQueryP has been widely researched in the academic and industrial communities. Most of the approaches consider XQuery as a declarative query language similar to SQL, for which the iterator-based (stream-based), lazy evaluation processing strategy can be applied. The processing is combined with XML indexing, materialized view, XML view query rewrite over source data. An alternative approach views XQuery as a procedural programming language associated with eager, step-based evaluation, where each expression is fully evaluated by the end of the corresponding expression execution step. Usually, this approach uses a virtual machine running byte-code for compiled programs. In this paper, we share our experience of building a unified XQuery engine for the Oracle XML DB integrating both approaches. The key contribution of our approach is that the unified XQuery processor integrates both declarative and imperati ve XQuery/XQueryP processing paradigms. Furthermore, the processor is designed with a clean separation between the logical XML data model and the physical representation so that it can be optimized with various physical XML storages and data index and view models. We also discuss the challenges in our approach and our overall vision of the evolution of XQuery/XQueryP processors. 1
Linkage Disequilibrium Patterns and Functional Analysis of RGS4 Polymorphisms in Relation to Schizophrenia (2007)

The regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4, chromosome 1q23.3) plays a critical role in G-protein function. Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localized between the 5' upstream sequence and the first intron, as well as 2 haplotypes derived from these SNPs may confer liability to schizophrenia (SZ). However, the pattern of associations varies among samples. To help clarify the putative associations, we report the following analyses: (1) a comprehensive catalog of common polymorphisms, (2) linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association analyses using these SNPs, and (3) functional analysis based on dual-luciferase promoter assays. We identified 62 SNPs from a 20-kb genomic region spanning RGS4, of which 26 are common polymorphisms with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of >5%. LD analysis suggested 5 clusters of SNPs (r(2) > .8). Association analyses using the novel SNPs were consistent with the prior reports, but further localization was constrained by significant LD across the region. The 2 haplotypes reported to confer liability to SZ had significant promoter activity compared with promoterless constructs, suggesting a functional role for both haplotypes. Further analyses of promoter sequences are warranted to understand transcriptional regulation at RGS4. This information will be useful for further analysis of samples in which genetic association of RGS4 polymorphisms with SZ has been reported.
Memristive Devices for Computing: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges (2013)

Memristive devices are two terminal electrical resistance switches that can retain a state of internal resistance based on the history of applied voltage and current. These devices can be used for computing by both storing and processing information. The switching mechanisms, applications and challenges are reviewed in this paper.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Nanoparticles for in-vivo Tumor Targeting and Spectroscopic Detection (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ximei Qian, Shuming Nie; Surface‐Enhanced Raman Nanoparticles for in‐vivo Tumor Targeting and Spectroscopic Detection. AIP Conf. Proc. 6 August 2010; 1267 (1): 81. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3482831 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
698 PD-L1 targeted CD28 costimulatory bispecific antibodies enhance T cell activation in solid tumors (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> T cells in the tumor microenvironment require T cell receptor (TCR) /major histocompatibility complex engagement and costimulatory receptor engagement to achieve complete activation. Tumor cells lack expression of CD28 ligands, so we hypothesized that activation of CD28 signaling at the T cell /tumor cell interface could enhance anti-tumor activity. We designed PD-L1 x CD28 bispecific antibodies that conditionally costimulate CD28 only in the presence of PD-L1 and TCR engagement. As PD-1/PD-L1 signaling has been shown to directly inhibit CD28 costimulation, this novel bispecific antibody can promote CD28 costimulation while simultaneously preventing the suppression of the same signal. <h3>Methods</h3> We designed a set of stability-optimized anti-CD28 antibodies that can be paired with anti-PD-L1 antibodies to engage both PD-L1 and CD28 monovalently using Xencor9s XmAb® 1+1 bispecific antibody platform. In vitro T cell activation with these bispecifics was measured by T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity, in co-cultures of human cancer cell lines mixed with primary human CD3-stimulated T cells. In vitro activity was validated in a Cytomegalovirus (CMV) recall assay measuring CMV+ T cell proliferation of CMV+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) co-cultured with cancer cell lines ectopically treated with CMV-pp65-derived peptide. In vivo activity was determined with hCD28 humanized mice inoculated with MC38 tumors stably expressing hPD-L1-antigen. Finally, safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of PD-L1 x CD28 were determined in cynomolgus monkeys. <h3>Results</h3> PD-L1 x CD28 bispecifics were generated by incorporating an anti-PD-L1 mAb capable of blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and anti-CD28 single-chain fragment variable covering a range of affinities. PD-L1 x CD28 antibodies enhanced T cell degranulation, cytokine secretion, and cancer cell cytotoxicity in concert with CD3 stimulation only in the presence of PD-L1. PD-L1 x CD28 enhanced proliferation of CMV+ T cells recognizing cancer cells loaded CMV-pp65-derived peptide. In hCD28 mice inoculated with MC38 tumors expressing hPD-L1, PD-L1 x CD28 inhibited tumor growth significantly greater than an anti-PD-L1 antibody alone. PD-L1 x CD28 was well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PDL1 x CD28 bispecific antibodies show promising anti-tumor activity and warrant further development.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids dilate human coronary arterioles via BK<sub>Ca</sub>channels: implications for soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (2005)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to form dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) and are putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). EDHFs modulate microvascular tone; however, the chemical identity of EDHF in the human coronary microcirculation is not known. We examined the capacity of EETs, DHETs, and sEH inhibition to affect vasomotor tone in isolated human coronary arterioles (HCAs). HCAs from right atrial appendages were prepared for videomicroscopy and immunohistochemistry. In vessels preconstricted with endothelin-1, three EET regioisomers (8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET) each induced a concentration-dependent dilation that was sensitive to blockade of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels by iberiotoxin. EET-induced dilation was not altered by endothelial denudation. 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET also dilated HCA via activation of BK(Ca) channels. Dilation was less with 8,9- and 14,15-DHET but was similar with 11,12-DHET, compared with the corresponding EETs. Immunohistochemistry revealed prominent expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) 2C8, 2C9, and 2J2, enzymes that may produce EETs, as well as sEH, in HCA. Inhibition of sEH by 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea (CDU) enhanced dilation caused by 14,15-EET but reduced dilation observed with 11,12-EET. DHET production from exogenous EETs was reduced in vessels pretreated with CDU compared with control, as measured by liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. In conclusion, EETs and DHETs dilate HCA by activating BK(Ca) channels, supporting a role for EETs/DHETs as EDHFs in the human heart. CYP450s and sEH may be endogenous sources of these compounds, and sEH inhibition has the potential to alter myocardial perfusion, depending on which EETs are produced endogenously.
Single-dose replicon particle vaccine provides complete protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice (2019)

Single-dose replicon particle vaccine provides complete protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice
Capacitively coupled plasma detector for gas chromatography (1989)

D. Huang, D. C. Liang and M. W. Blades, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1989, 4, 789 DOI: 10.1039/JA9890400789
Pointed Cone Shaped Light-Emitting Diodes Based on ZnO/GaN Wafer Bonding (2008)

We report on pointed cone shaped blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on ZnO and GaN wafer bonding. After wafer bonding of an n-type ZnO substrate to a III–nitride LED wafer, sapphire was removed and n- and p-pads were formed on the same side. Pointed hexagonal ZnO cone was formed by a selective chemical etching method. The output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were 24.4 mW and 43.6%, respectively, at a dc forward current of 20 mA.
<title>Segment-sliding implementation of a shift-variant z-slope correction algorithm for multislice volumetric CT</title> (1999)

This paper presents a modification of the z-slope algorithm introduced in the accompanying paper 'An algorithm to correct for z-detector gain variations in multislice volumetric CT.' The x-expansion coefficients found by SVD are plugged into the equation describing the final estimate of the error vector. It is then found that the algorithm can be expressed in vector form as a matrix equation relating the final error estimate to the initial error estimate, where the final error vector estimate e is subtracted from the projection data for correction. In this form, the matrix coefficients, but not the size, are dependent on the correction order. Also, the final correction matrix MXF (size Nchan by N, where Nchan is the number of channels corrected) is calculated channel-by- channel, by evaluating MX as above for a segment of N channels (with N odd), and extracting the central row to define the corresponding row of MXF. The segment of N channels is then slid by one channel, and the process is iterated till completion of MXF. Although the number of calculations required to obtain the correction matrix is greatly increased, as MXF depends only on the detector cell gains, these calculations can be performed off-line in calibrations. The scan data-dependent calculations are greatly streamlined.
Neuroendocrine tumor disease: an evolving landscape (2012)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) represent a heterogenous group of tumors arising from a variety of neuroendocrine cell types. The incidence and prevalence of GEP-NENs have markedly increased over the last three decades. Symptoms are often absent in early disease, or vague and nonspecific even in advanced disease. Delayed diagnosis is thus common. Chromogranin A is the most commonly used biomarker but has limitations as does the proliferative marker Ki-67%, which is often used for tumor grading and determination of therapy. The development of a multidimensional prognostic nomogram may be valuable in predicting tumor behavior and guiding therapy but requires validation. Identification of NENs that express somatostatin receptors (SSTR) allows for SSTR scintigraphy and positron emission tomography imaging using novel radiolabeled compounds. Complete surgical resection of limited disease or endoscopic ablation of small lesions localized in stomach or rectum can provide cure; however, the majority of GEP-NENs are metastatic (most frequently the liver and/or mesenteric lymph nodes) at diagnosis. Selected patients with metastatic disease may benefit from advanced surgical techniques including hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Somatostatin analogs are effective for symptomatic treatment and exhibit some degree of antiproliferative activity in small intestinal NENs. There is a place for streptozotocin, temozolomide, and capecitabine in the management of pancreatic NENs, while new agents targeting either mTOR (everolimus) or angiogenic (sunitinib) pathways have shown efficacy in these lesions.
A Diagnostic Test for Ménière's Disease and Cochlear Hydrops: Impaired High-Pass Noise Masking of Auditory Brainstem Responses (2005)

This test is able to distinguish objectively active Ménière's disease in individuals and may show promise for tracking changes in the severity of the disease caused by progression or treatment.