gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multibeam Selection for Indoor MIMO Systems: Two Cases of Study (2007)

The performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using beam selection is investigated in this paper. Based on the results of a channel sounding campaign carried out at the University of Manitoba for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, it was possible to contrast the results of transmitter, receiver and joint beam selection in rich scattering environments. The channel was characterized in the 1-2.4 GHz frequency band with a multipath delay resolution better than 5.8 ns. The beam selection was performed by exhaustive search method. The results led us to important conclusions regarding the beam selection procedure and its potential to improve the indoor channel capacity. In LOS, the single input single output (SISO) system that favours the maximum power direction of arrival (DOA) maximizes the capacity. Capacity improvements are observed by increasing the number of receiver beams (RBs) only at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for omnidirectional transmission. The best performance in transmitter beam selection in LOS is observed by increasing the number of transmitter beams (TBs) for high SNRs. In the case of NLOS, the capacity performance is improved when more than a single beam is used in either, transmitter or receiver side. The joint transmitter-receiver beam selection exhibits best capacity performance only for large SNRs in LOS while the SISO systems outperforms any joint beam selection alternative for low SNRs. In contrast, in NLOS environments, the use of joint beam selection shows a constant capacity performance improvement starting from lower SNR than in the LOS case
CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption into Aqueous Solutions of a Polyamine (PZEA), a Sterically Hindered Amine (AMP), and their Blends (2010)

Abstract Among numerous techniques existing for reducing CO 2 emissions, CO 2 capture by absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions was specifically studied in this work. For the choice of the adequate amine solution, two major criteria must be taken into account: absorption performances (higher with primary and secondary amines) and energy costs for solvent regeneration (more interesting with tertiary and sterically hindered amines). The different types of amines can also be mixed in order to combine the specific advantages of each type of amines, an activation phenomenon being observed. Aqueous solutions of (piperazinyl‐1)‐2‐ethylamine (PZEA, a polyamine known as absorption activator) and 1‐amino‐2‐propanol (AMP, a sterically hindered amine), pure or mixed with other amines, are experimentally compared with respect to CO 2 removal performances by means of absorption test runs achieved in a special gas‐liquid contactor at 25 °C. The positive impact of addition of PZEA to monoethanolamine (MEA), N ‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and AMP solutions was clearly highlighted. The absorption performances have also been satisfactorily simulated with coherent physicochemical data.
Cation Disorder and Lithium Insertion Mechanism of Wadsley-Roth Crystallographic Shear Phases from First Principles. (2019)

Wadsley-Roth crystallographic shear phases form a family of compounds that have attracted attention due to their excellent performance as lithium-ion battery electrodes. The complex crystallographic structure of these materials poses a challenge for first-principles computational modeling and hinders the understanding of their structural, electronic and dynamic properties. In this article, we study three different niobium-tungsten oxide crystallographic shear phases (Nb12WO33, Nb14W3O44, Nb16W5O55) using an enumeration-based approach and first-principles density-functional theory calculations. We report common principles governing the cation disorder, lithium insertion mechanism, and electronic structure of these materials. Tungsten preferentially occupies tetrahedral and block-central sites within the block-type crystal structures, and the local structure of the materials depends on the cation configuration. The lithium insertion proceeds via a three-step mechanism, associated with an anisotropic evolution of the host lattice. Our calculations reveal an important connection between long-range and local structural changes: in the second step of the mechanism, the removal of local structural distortions leads to the contraction of the lattice along specific crystallographic directions, buffering the volume expansion of the material. Niobium-tungsten oxide shear structures host small amounts of localized electrons during initial lithium insertion due to the confining effect of the blocks, but quickly become metallic upon further lithiation. We argue that the combination of local, long-range, and electronic structural evolution over the course of lithiation is beneficial to the performance of these materials as battery electrodes. The mechanistic principles we establish arise from the compound-independent crystallographic shear structure and are therefore likely to apply to niobium-titanium oxide or pure niobium oxide crystallographic shear phases.
Precision and accuracy of the analog mean-delay method for high-speed fluorescence lifetime measurement (2011)

The analog mean-delay (AMD) method is a new alternative method to measure the lifetime of a fluorescence molecule. Because of its powerful advantages of accurate lifetime determination, good photon economy, and a high photon detection rate, the AMD method is considered to be very suitable for high-speed confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). For the practical usage of the AMD method in FLIM (AMD-FLIM), detailed study on various experimental conditions and parameters that affect the precision and the accuracy of the AMD method is required. In this paper, we present the relation between the precision and accuracy of the lifetime versus iteration number in the AMD method, the best cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter used in the AMD-FLIM system for a given fluorophore, and the optimum position and width of the integration window by using Monte Carlo simulations and a series of AMD-FLIM experiments.
Function of a Plant Stress-Induced Gene, <i>HVA22</i>. Synthetic Enhancement Screen with Its Yeast Homolog Reveals Its Role in Vesicular Traffic (2002)

Expression of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) HVA22 gene is induced by environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and extreme temperatures, and by a plant stress hormone, abscisic acid. Genes sharing high level of sequence similarities with HVA22 exist in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in any prokaryotic organisms. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) HVA22 homolog, Yop1p, has been shown to interact with the GTPase-interacting protein, Yip1p. Deletion of YOP1 led to only a modest reduction of the stationary phase titer at 37C. A synthetic enhancement mutant screen was performed in the yop1 deletion background to identify genes interacting with YOP1. The open reading frame YOR165W (renamed SEY1 for synthetic enhancement of YOP1) was identified as a YOP1-dependent complementation gene. The yeast SEY1 is a homolog of the Arabidopsis RHD3 gene whose mutations cause the accumulation of transport vesicles near the tips of defective root hairs. The yeast double mutant of yop1 and sey1 is defective in vesicular traffic as evidenced by the accumulation of transport vesicles and the decrease in invertase secretion. Based on these observations, we suggest that Yop1p/HVA22 regulates vesicular traffic in stressed cells either to facilitate membrane turnover, or to decrease unnecessary secretion.
Detection and Tracking Algorithms for IRST (2004)

Infrared search and track system is an integral part of modern weaponry. The detection and tracking algorithm forms the heart of an IRST system and their effectiveness plays an important role in determining performance of the system. This report studies various detection and tracking algorithms for multiple point targets in noisy environment resulting in very low signal to noise ratio. Target detection is carried out using spatial-temporal techniques needing multiple frames, since targets are assumed to be irresolvable in a single image frame. The tracking algorithms are classified in the basis of different approaches for data selection and model selection. Data selection and model selection is used for tracking multiple targets in dense clutter environment. An overview of the Interacting Multiple Model Expectation Maximization algorithm, and brief description of Multiple Hypothesis Tracking and Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter algorithm is also presented.
Elektrochemische Modifizierung einzelner Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren Diese Arbeit wurde von der Europäischen Union (Projektnummer HPRN-CT-1999-00011) unterstützt. Die Autoren danken B. Siegle, Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, für die Unterstützung bei der Aufnahme der Auger-Spektren. (2002)

Die Kombination von Nanolithographie und Elektrochemie liefert eine Möglichkeit zur Anbindung funktioneller Gruppen an einzelne einwandige Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren (SWCNTs). Das Verfahren ermöglicht sowohl eine reduktive als auch eine oxidative Kupplung von substituierten Phenylresten an SWCNTs, die vermutlich an Defektstellen in den Nanoröhren ansetzt. Die Dicke der abgeschiedenen Schicht lässt sich über die Dauer des Anlegens der Spannung kontrollieren. Das Bild zeigt eine kraftmikroskopische Aufnahme von SWCNTs nach der reduktiven Kupplung mit einem 4-Nitrophenyldiazoniumsalz.
β‐glucosidase Activity in Juice‐Processing Enzymes Based on Anthocyanin Analysis (1996)

ABSTRACT A screening procedure utilizing boysenberry juice as a substrate, which combined HPLC and spectrophotometric analyses, was used to measure β‐glucosidase activity of enzyme preparations used for juice processing. Enzyme preparations (n = 26) were evaluated at two dosage rates. At the mean recommended dosage, one preparation produced a decrease in total monomeric anthocyanin and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, relative to a control, indicating β‐glucosidase activity. At 0.1% dosage, 4 enzymes produced a significant decrease in cyanidin‐3‐sophoroside and 2 enzymes caused an increase in cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside, indicating β‐1,2‐glucosidase activity. Such activity in juice processing enzymes was much lower and less prevalent than found previously for β‐galactosidase. Botrytis cinerea also degraded anthocyanins in boysenberry juice.
Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of C02 Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Sprayberry Trend Area (1998)

The objective is to assess the economic feasibility of CO2 flooding of the naturally fractured Straberry Trend Area in west Texas. Research is being conducted in the extensive characterization of the reservoirs, the experimental studies of crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) interaction in the reservoirs, the analytical and numerical simulation of Spraberry reservoirs, and the experimental investigations on CO2 gravity drainage in Spraberry whole cores.
Satellite Reconfigurable Contour Beam Reflector Antennas by Multi-objective Evolutionary Optimization (2008)

Due to the growing demand for traffic communication, the requirement for reconfigurable antennas for future generation of satellites is growing steadily. This article presents designs examples of reconfigurable satellite contour beam reflector antennas via multi-objective evolutionary optimization. One configuration is composed of shaped reflector illuminated by a single feed horn. To explore the concept, we consider the case of a satellite that can be placed in three orbital positions to provide different coverage: Europe, North America and South America. A second example considers a single shaped reflector illuminated by two feed horns to simultaneously provide dual coverage with frequency reuse.
Optimal Time Allocation in Backscatter Assisted Wireless Powered Communication Networks (2017)

This paper proposes a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) assisted by backscatter communication (BackCom). This model consists of a power station, an information receiver and multiple users that can work in either BackCom mode or harvest-then-transmit (HTT) mode. The time block is mainly divided into two parts corresponding to the data backscattering and transmission periods, respectively. The users first backscatter data to the information receiver in time division multiple access (TDMA) during the data backscattering period. When one user works in the BackCom mode, the other users harvest energy from the power station. During the data transmission period, two schemes, i.e., non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and TDMA, are considered. To maximize the system throughput, the optimal time allocation policies are obtained. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnostics of Dengue Infection (2015)

During the first 5 days of infection, the developed DENV1-4 RT-RPA assays constitute a suitable accurate and rapid assay for DENV diagnosis. Moreover, the use of a portable fluorescence-reading device broadens its application potential to the point-of-care for outbreak investigations.
Genetic Markers and Danger Signals in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (2010)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening adverse reactions, which could be induced by a variety of drugs. It was proposed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted presentation of antigens (drugs or their metabolites) to T lymphocytes initiates the immune reactions of SJS/TEN. However, the genetic susceptibility and the exact pathogenesis were not clear until the recent studies. We first identified that HLA-B*1502 is strongly associated with carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced SJS/TEN and HLA-B*5801 with allopurinol-SJS/TEN in Han Chinese. The same associations had been validated across different human populations. For the downstream danger signals, Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) and perforin/granzyme B had been advocated as cytotoxic mediators for keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN. However, expression levels of these cytotoxic proteins from the skin lesions were too low to explain the distinct and extensive epidermal necrosis. Our recent study identified that the granulysin, a cytotoxic protein released from cytotoxic T cells or natural killer (NK) cells, is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN. This article aims to provide an overview of both of the genomic and immunologic perspectives of SJS/TEN. These studies give us a better understanding of the immune mechanisms, biomarkers for disease prevention and early diagnosis, as well as providing the therapeutic targets for the treatments of SJS/TEN.
Analysis and design of silicon bipolar distributed oscillators (2002)

A systematic approach to design of silicon bipolar distributed oscillators and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) is presented. The operation of the distributed oscillators is analyzed and the general condition for oscillation is derived, resulting in analytical expressions for the frequency and amplitude of the distributed oscillators. Special attention is paid to transmission line modeling that largely determines the performance of the distributed oscillators. A distributed VCO operating at 12 GHz dissipating 13 mW of power is demonstrated. The VCO has a tuning range of 26% with a phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier. A second design shows a 17 GHz bipolar distributed oscillator, which dissipates 9 mW of power.
Defect clustering and self-healing of electron-irradiated boron-rich solids (1995)

Transmission-electron-microscopy observations are used to evaluate damage produced by irradiating boron-rich metals, semimetals, and semiconductors of three different structure types with energetic electrons. The propensity for damage increases with decreasing carrier concentration except for borides based on twelve-atom icosahedral units. In these semiconducting icosahedral borides neither defect clusters nor amorphorization were observed. In accord with studies of other icosahedral borides, we conclude that radiation-induced boron vacancies and interstitials self-heal in icosahedral borides. We explain this self-healing as having its origin in the unusual structural and electronic stability of fragments of boron-rich icosahedra, termed degraded icosahedra.
Covalently Linked Nanocomposites:  Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes Grafted from Zirconium Phosphonate (2006)

Fully covalently connected polymer−clay nanocomposites have been prepared by growing the polymer chains from initiator sites on the lamellae of a zirconium phosphonate clay. The zirconium phosphonate material was synthesized with an approximately 1:3 ratio of 4-aminobenzylphosphonate and ethylphosphonate groups (Zr(AbPO3)x(EtPO3)2-x, x ≈ 0.5) in a “solid solution” distribution within the lamellae. After conversion of the amine groups to 2-bromo-2-methylpropionamide moieties, composites of the zirconium phosphonate and tethered poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); the tethered initiator within Zr(Init-AbPO3)x(EtPO3)2-x and its soluble analogue are the first examples of aromatic amide-based initiators for ATRP. To facilitate characterization of the composites, the polymerization conditions were intentionally not optimized for high molecular weight polymer, but PMMA was nonetheless formed at the conditions studied, and the weight fraction of polymer was observed to increase with polymerization time. A combination of thermogravimetric analysis, 13C CP MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the compositions and structures of the composites, including the covalent connectivity among all of the components.
<title>Practical applications of current loop signal conditioning</title> (1994)

This paper describes a variety of practical application circuits based on the current loop signal conditioning paradigm. Equations defining the circuit response are also provided. The constant current loop is a fundamental signal conditioning circuit concept that can be implemented in a variety of configurations for resistance-based transducers, such as strain gages and resistance temperature devices. The circuit features signal conditioning outputs which are unaffected by extremely large variations in lead wire resistance, direct current frequency response, and inherent linearity with respect to resistance change. Sensitivity of this circuit is double that of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Electrical output is zero for resistance change equals zero. The same excitation and output sense wires can serve multiple transducers. More application arrangements are possible with constant current loop signal conditioning than with the Wheatstone bridge.
Overexpression of HvNHX2, a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from barley, improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. (2011)

One possible mechanism to avoid Na+ toxicity in the cytosol is compartmentalization of Na+ ions away from the cytosol. In the present work transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing HvNHX2, a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from barley, were generated using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. We show that these plants are able to grow normally in presence of 200 mM NaCl, while wild type Arabidopsis plants showed necrosis. When grown on MS medium containing NaCl, transgenic plants overexpressing HvNHX2 accumulated more Na+ in the shoots, and had longer roots in the early seedling stage. These results show that improved salt tolerance could be achieved by compartmentalization of Na+ in the vacuoles.
Energy Management of Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes (2013)

There are two operation modes of microgrids: grid-connected mode and stand-alone mode. Normally, a microgrid will be connected to the main grid for the majority of time, i.e., operates in the grid-connected mode. In the stand-alone mode, a microgrid is isolated from the main grid; the highest priority for microgrids is to keep a reliable power supply to customers instead of economic benefits. So, the objectives and energy management strategies are different in two modes. In this paper, a novel double-layer coordinated control approach for microgrid energy management is proposed, which consists of two layers: the schedule layer and the dispatch layer. The schedule layer obtains an economic operation scheme based on forecasting data, while the dispatch layer provides power of controllable units based on real-time data. Errors between the forecasting and real-time data are resolved through coordination control of the two layers by reserving adequate active power in the schedule layer, then allocating that reserve in the dispatch layer to deal with the indeterminacy of uncontrollable units. A typical-structure microgrid is studied as an example, and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed double-layer coordination control method in both grid-connected mode and stand-alone mode.
Spontaneous emission from excitons in cylindrical dielectric waveguides and the spontaneous-emission factor of microcavity ring lasers (1993)

The modification of the spontaneous emission from various dipoles in a cylindrical dielectric waveguide is studied as a function of the refractive index and the radius of the waveguide. It is found that the emission rates of the axial dipoles and the radial dipoles can be modified to enhance greatly the fraction of radial dipole emission that goes into the guided lasing modes. The total emission from the axial dipoles can be suppressed. This combination gives a high spontaneous-emission factor β for a microcavity ring laser. Other microlaser structures that have high β values are also discussed. We conclude that microlasers based on strongly guided single-mode dielectric waveguides are promising devices for achieving high β values and low lasing thresholds.
Using SystemC for an extended MATLAB/Simulink verification flow (2008)

Functional verification is a major part of todaypsilas system design task. Several approaches are available for verification on a high abstraction level, where designs are often modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, as well as for RT-level verification. Different approaches are a barrier to a unified verification flow. For simulation based RT-level verification, an extended test bench concept has been developed at Robert Bosch GmbH. This paper describes how this SystemC-based concept can be applied to Simulink models. The implementation of the resulting verification flow addresses the required synchronization of both simulation environments, as well as data type conversion. An example is used to evaluate the implementation and the whole verification flow. It is shown that using the extended verification flow saves a significant amount of time during development. Reusing test bench modules and test cases preserves consistency of the test bench. Verification is done automatically rather than by inspecting the waveform manually. The extended verification flow unifies system-level and RT-level verification, yielding a holistic verification flow.