gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Approach for Optimization of Ozone-Hydrogen Peroxide Water Treatment (2006)

A new radical reaction model for the ozone-hydrogen peroxide treatment, which was much simpler than current models such as SBH and TFG, has been developed by computer simulation in order to investigate a new reactor for this treatment process. It was revealed that the simulation results by using this new developed model were in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the variation in the concentration of ozone in both gas and liquid phase, hydrogen peroxide and TOC, indicating the appropriateness of this new model. Thus, it was considered that this new model was very convenient for analysis of radical reactions because of its simplicity.
Recommendation Diversification Using Explanations (2009)

We introduce the novel notion of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">explanation-</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">based</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diversification</i> to address the well-known problem of over- specialization in item recommendations. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Over-specialization</i> in recommender systems leads to result sets with items that are too similar to one another, thus reducing the diversity of results and limiting user choices. Traditionally, the problem is addressed through <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">attribute-based</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diversification</i> -grouping items in the result set that share many common attributes (e.g., genre for movies) and selecting only a limited number of items from each group. It is, however, not always applicable, especially for social content recommendations. For example, attributes may not be available as in the case of recommending URLs for users of del.icio.us. Explanation-based diversification provides a novel and complementary alternative-it leverages the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reason</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">which</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">particular</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">item</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">is</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">being</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">recommended</i> (i.e., explanation)-for diversifying the results, without the need to access the attributes of the items. In this paper, we formally define the problem of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">explanation-based</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diversification</i> and, without going into the details of the actual diversification process, demonstrate its effectiveness on a real world data set, Yahoo! Movies.
Secondary aggregate from waste treated with carbon dioxide (2011)

Secondary aggregate can be made from industrial waste by treatment with carbon dioxide gas (accelerated carbonation). Trials were conducted on bauxite waste, biomass ashes, metal dusts, quarry fines, steel-making waste, and the ashes arising from municipal incineration, paper recycling, sewage sludge incineration, and coal fired power stations. The wastes were formed into pellets using a combined pelletising and accelerated carbonation process with patent pending. The manufactured pellets conformed to the bulk density requirements for lightweight aggregate specified by British Standard. Specification for lightweight aggregate is limited, and two commercial lightweight aggregates were tested alongside the manufactured pellets for comparison. Compressive strength, water absorption and apparent density of the materials were comparable to that of the commercial aggregate. Furthermore, the finished product contained up to 11% of its own weight in carbon dioxide gas, permanently bound as solid minerals. In a series of on-site pilot scale demonstrations, aggregates have been produced in bulk and used in commercial product trials. The aggregates produced by accelerated carbonation appear to be suitable for use in a wide range of applications including concrete, construction blocks, and substrates for green roofs.
Identification and Enhancement of HLA-A2.1-Restricted CTL Epitopes in a New Human Cancer Antigen-POTE (2013)

Identification of CD8(+) T cell epitopes that can induce T cells to kill tumor cells is a fundamental step for development of a peptide cancer vaccine. POTE protein is a newly identified cancer antigen that was found to be expressed in a wide variety of human cancers, including prostate, colon, lung, breast, ovary and pancreas. Here, we determined HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the POTE protein, and also designed enhanced epitopes by amino acid (AA) substitutions. Five 9-mer peptides were first selected and their binding affinity to HLA-A2 molecules was measured by the T2 binding assay. POTE 272-280 and POTE 323-331 showed the strongest HLA-A2 binding affinity. AA substituted peptides POTE 252-9V (with valine at position 9), POTE 553-1Y (with tyrosine at position 1) and POTE 323-3F (with phenylalanine at position 3) conferred higher affinity for HLA-A2, and induced CTL responses cross-reactive with wild type antigens. While POTE 252-9V was the strongest in this respect, POTE 323-3F had the greatest increase in immunogenicity compared to wild type. Importantly, two modified epitopes (POTE-553-1Y and POTE-323-3F) induced CTLs that killed NCI-H522, a POTE-expressing HLA-A2(+) human non-small cell lung cancer cell line, indicating natural endogenous processing of these epitopes. In conclusion, the immunogenicity of POTE epitopes can be enhanced by peptide modification to induce T cells that kill human cancer cells. A combination of POTE 553-1Y and POTE 323-3F epitopes might be an attractive vaccine strategy for HLA-A2 cancer patients to overcome tolerance induced by tumors and prevent escape.
Multi-class filter bank common spatial pattern for four-class motor imagery BCI (2009)

This paper investigates the classification of multi-class motor imagery for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) using the Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) algorithm. The FBCSP algorithm classifies EEG measurements from features constructed using subject-specific temporal-spatial filters. However, the FBCSP algorithm is limited to binary-class motor imagery. Hence, this paper proposes 3 approaches of multi-class extension to the FBCSP algorithm: One-versus-Rest, Pair-Wise and Divide-and-Conquer. These approaches decompose the multi-class problem into several binary-class problems. The study is conducted on the BCI Competition IV dataset IIa, which comprises single-trial EEG data from 9 subjects performing 4-class motor imagery of left-hand, right-hand, foot and tongue actions. The results showed that the multi-class FBCSP algorithm could extract features that matched neurophysiological knowledge, and yielded the best performance on the evaluation data compared to other international submissions.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> Map Division Method for Hydrogen-Bearing Components in Continental Shale (2018)

There are many hydrogen-bearing components in shale, including kerogen, free oil, adsorbed oil, free water, adsorbed water, and structural water. Measuring the content and distribution of each component is important to understand the occurrence mechanism of shale oil. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1–T2 map can be used as a non-destructive technique to distinguish hydrogen-bearing components in shale. In this paper, we examine the relaxation characteristics of kerogen, shale, and clay minerals in continental shale under different oil or water conditions using high-resolution low-field NMR instruments (frequency is 21.36 MHz, and echo time is 0.07 ms). The NMR T1–T2 map division method was established for each hydrogen-bearing component. The relaxation characteristics of each component are as follows: (1) Kerogen has the highest T1/T2 ratio; oil exhibits a higher T1/T2 ratio than that of water; and the mobility of water is greater than that of oil under saturated conditions. (2) The transverse relaxation time of the free state is greater than the adsorbed state for oil and water. (3) Intergranular pores of clay-rich continental shale shrink after saturation with water and result in the main peak of the T2 value of free water at less than 1 ms, which differs from marine shale. (4) Kerogen and structural water account for a large proportion of NMR signals in continental shale. (5) The signals of some components in T1–T2 maps overlap because of the resolution limitation of the NMR instrument. Organic matter abundance and oil saturation of shale, estimated by the NMR T1–T2 map method, were in good agreement with the pyrolysis and distillation experiments, which demonstrates the reliability of the NMR T1–T2 map division method for each hydrogen-bearing component in continental shale.
Automated CVR modification for improving perception of stop consonants (2012)

Increasing the intensity of the consonant segments relative to the nearby vowel segments, known as consonant-vowel ratio (CVR) modification, is reported to be effective in improving perception of stop consonants for listeners in noisy backgrounds and for hearing-impaired listeners. A technique for automated CVR modification using detection of acoustic landmarks corresponding to the stop release bursts, with high temporal accuracy, is investigated. Its effectiveness in improving perception of stop consonants in the presence of speech-spectrum shaped noise is evaluated by conducting listening tests on five normal-hearing subjects with VCV utterances involving six stop consonants and three vowels. The processing improved the recognition scores for stop consonants by nearly 7, 18, and 25% at SNR levels of 0, -6, and -12 dB, respectively.
Integrating adaptive on-chip storage structures for reduced dynamic power (2002)

Energy efficiency in microarchitectures has become a necessity. Significant dynamic energy savings can be realized for adaptive storage structures such as caches, issue queues, and register files by disabling unnecessary storage resources. Prior studies have analyzed individual structures and their control. A common theme to these studies is exploration of the configuration space and use of system IPC as feedback to guide reconfiguration. However when multiple structures adapt in concert, the number of possible configurations increases dramatically, and assigning causal effects to IPC change becomes problematic. To overcome this issue, we introduce designs that are reconfigured solely on local behavior. We introduce a novel cache design that permits direct calculation of efficient configurations. For buffer and queue structures, limited histogramming permits precise resizing control. When applying these techniques we show energy savings of up to 70% on the individual structures, and savings averaging 30% overall for the portion of energy attributed to these structures with an average of 2.1% performance degradation.
Fibre optic accelerometer (1980)

A sensitivity of less than 1 μg for a fibre optic accelerometer is demonstrated. The accelerometer measures the strain in the fibre when a mass is accelerated. An all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to detect the change in optical path length produced by the strain in the fibre.
Quantum Cascade Laser Measurements of Stratospheric Methane (CHsub4) and Nitrous Oxide (NSub20) (1999)

A tunable Quantum-Cascade (QC) laser has been flown on NASA's ER-2 high-altitude aircraft to produce the first atmospheric gas mearsurements using this newly-invented device, an important milestone in the QC laser's much-anticipated future planetary, industrial, and commercial application.
Trpm5 Null Mice Respond to Bitter, Sweet, and Umami Compounds (2006)

Trpm5 is a calcium-activated cation channel expressed selectively in taste receptor cells. A previous study reported that mice with an internal deletion of Trpm5, lacking exons 15-19 encoding transmembrane segments 1-5, showed no taste-mediated responses to bitter, sweet, and umami compounds. We independently generated knockout mice null for Trpm5 protein expression due to deletion of Trpm5's promoter region and exons 1-4 (including the translation start site). We examined the taste-mediated responses of Trpm5 null mice and wild-type (WT) mice using three procedures: gustatory nerve recording [chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal (NG) nerves], initial lick responses, and 24-h two-bottle preference tests. With bitter compounds, the Trpm5 null mice showed reduced, but not abolished, avoidance (as indicated by licking responses and preference ratios higher than those of WT), a normal CT response, and a greatly diminished NG response. With sweet compounds, Trpm5 null mice showed no licking response, a diminished preference ratio, and absent or greatly reduced nerve responses. With umami compounds, Trpm5 null mice showed no licking response, a diminished preference ratio, a normal NG response, and a greatly diminished CT response. Our results demonstrate that the consequences of eliminating Trmp5 expression vary depending upon the taste quality and the lingual taste field examined. Thus, while Trpm5 is an important factor in many taste responses, its absence does not eliminate all taste responses. We conclude that Trpm5-dependent and Trpm5-independent pathways underlie bitter, sweet, and umami tastes.
Reproductive fluids, used for the in vitro production of pig embryos, result in healthy offspring and avoid aberrant placental expression of PEG3 and LUM (2021)

The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.
A conductive porous organic polymer with superprotonic conductivity of a Nafion-type electrolyte (2017)

Postsulfonation of a porous organic polymer <bold>1E</bold> afforded a sulfonated material (<bold>1ES</bold>), which showed an unprecedented superprotonic conductivity of 0.159 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 80 °C and 90% relative humidity.
Feasibility Study on the Determination of Fish Freshness by Trimethylamine Headspace Analysis (1990)

ABSTRACT Trimethylamine (TMA) concentration in fish tissue is an accepted measure of deterioration. In this preliminary study a direct relation was demonstrated between TMA in the tissue and in the headspace above the fish flesh. A relatively simple but precise procedure was developed for measuring TMA headspace concentration, based on air sampling with Carbotrap or Tenax sorbent tubes and subsequent thermal desorption and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. Sampling and analysis are completed in less than 5 min. Fish freshness determined by TMA headspace analysis was consistent with grading estimated by sensory tests, but the instrumental method provided a more objective and quantitative assessment of quality and an estimation of postmortem age of the fish.
TGF‐beta Regulation by the Matricellular Protein Thrombospondin 1 (2021)

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein that plays multiple roles in disease. Activation of the TGF‐beta latent complex is a major regulatory node for controlling TGF‐beta in homeostasis and disease. TSP1 can regulate the conversion of latent transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐beta) to its biologically active form in certain fibrotic diseases and cancers. We have developed peptide and small molecule antagonists that block TSP1 binding to the latent complex and inhibit TSP1‐dependent activation of latent TGF‐beta. These antagonists reduce TGF‐beta activity and extracellular matrix production and fibrosis in multiple rodent models, particularly in fibrotic complications of diabetes. TGF‐beta also plays a role in the osteolytic bone destruction characteristic of the plasma cell cancer, multiple myeloma. In both immune competent syngeneic mouse and human xenograft models, we showed that treatment with the TSP1‐TGF‐beta antagonist reduced disease burden, TGF‐beta activity, and prevented bone destruction via a decrease in osteoclasts and an increase in osteoblasts. Current studies are examining the role of the TSP1‐TGF‐beta pathway in immune dysregulation in multiple myeloma.
Abstract LB-410: Phase I dose escalation study of MM-121, a fully human monoclonal antibody to ErbB3, in patients with advanced solid tumors (2011)

Abstract Introduction: ErbB3 has been identified as a key driver of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, resulting in cell growth and survival. MM-121 is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting ErbB3. By binding to ErbB3, MM-121 blocks heregulin, thereby inhibiting ligand-induced ErbB3 heterodimerization and activation of receptors. Binding of MM-121 also induces downregulation of ErbB3 from the cell surface. Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years with refractory advanced solid tumors were given MM-121 weekly in 4-week cycles at 6 dose levels. Dose escalation was based on dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) during cycle 1. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MM-121 and describe any objective response and progression free survival. Secondary objectives were to describe the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic profile of MM-121. A dose expansion cohort at the highest dose cohort was also included for selected tumor types, with required pre- and post-treatment biopsies to assess MM-121 target effects, ErbB3 pathway markers, and guide dose schedule decisions. Results: Between July 2008 to January 2011, 38 patients have been enrolled in the study. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the dose escalation part of the study and treated until unacceptable toxicity or progression. Six cohorts were completed and an MTD was not reached. Grade 1/2 nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and rash were the most commonly observed adverse events. Grade 1 hypomagnesemia was observed in 4 patients at different doses. One patient experienced a DLT of confusion at the lowest dose, considered possibly related to MM-121 treatment but confounded by other comorbidities. No other treatment related serious AEs were reported. An additional 13 patients have been enrolled to date in an expansion cohort. The overall safety profile for patients in the expansion cohort is similar to that observed for the dose escalation cohorts. Conclusion: In this single agent, first in human, dose escalation phase I study MM-121 was well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Enrollment in the dose expansion cohort is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-410
High-throughput low-latency fine-grained disk logging (2013)

Synchronously logging updates to persistent storage first and then asynchronously committing these updates to their rightful storage locations is a well-known and heavily used technique to improve the sustained throughput of write-intensive disk-based data processing systems, whose latency and throughput accordingly are largely determined by the latency and throughput of the underlying logging mechanism. The conventional wisdom is that logging operations are relatively straightforward to optimize because the associated disk access pattern is largely sequential. However, it turns out that to achieve both high throughput and low latency for fine-grained logging operations, whose payload size is smaller than a disk sector, is extremely challenging. This paper describes the experiences and lessons we have gained from building a disk logging system that can successfully deliver over 1.2 million 256-byte logging operations per second, with the average logging latency below 1 msec.
Optimizing Camera Placements for Overlapped Coverage with 3D Camera Projections (2022)

This paper proposes a method to compute camera 6Dof poses to achieve a user defined coverage. The camera placement problem is modeled as a combinatorial optimization where given the maximum number of cameras, a camera set is selected from a larger pool of possible camera poses. We propose to minimize the squared error between the desired and the achieved coverage, and formulate the non-linear cost function as a mixed integer linear programming problem. A camera lens model is utilized to project the cameras view on a 3D voxel map to compute a coverage score which makes the optimization problem in real environments tractable. Experimental results in two real retail store environments demonstrate the better performance of the proposed formulation in terms of coverage and overlap for triangulation compared to existing methods.
A new low power and area efficient semi-digital PLL architecture for low bandwidth applications (2011)

Traditional PLL architecture uses one control voltage for both integrated and proportional part of the oscillator. Digital PLL architecture uses 2 control words for integrated and proportional part of the oscillator. In this paper, we describe a new architecture of a Phase lock loop which combines the two approaches and takes the advantages of both.
A Tradeoff between the Sub-Packetization Size and the Repair Bandwidth for Reed-Solomon Codes (2018)

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are widely used in distributed storage systems. In this paper, we study the repair bandwidth and sub-packetization size of RS codes. The repair bandwidth is defined as the amount of transmitted information from surviving nodes to a failed node. The RS code can be viewed as a polynomial over a finite field $GF(q^\ell)$ evaluated at a set of points, where $\ell$ is called the sub-packetization size. Smaller bandwidth reduces the network traffic in distributed storage, and smaller $\ell$ facilitates the implementation of RS codes with lower complexity. Recently, Guruswami and Wootters proposed a repair method for RS codes when the evaluation points are the entire finite field. While the sub-packization size can be arbitrarily small, the repair bandwidth is higher than the minimum storage regenerating (MSR) bound. Tamo, Ye and Barg achieved the MSR bound but the sub-packetization size grows faster than the exponential function of the number of the evaluation points. In this work, we present code constructions and repair schemes that extend these results to accommodate different sizes of the evaluation points. In other words, we design schemes that provide points in between. These schemes provide a flexible tradeoff between the sub-packetization size and the repair bandwidth. In addition, we generalize our schemes to manage multiple failures.
Heparanase level and procoagulant activity are reduced in severe sepsis (2017)

Heparanase procoagulant activity decreases during sepsis and returns to normal levels as soon as the patient recovers. Hence, it can be potentially used to predict the risk of severe sepsis. These findings need to be further explored in large-scale studies.