gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased sup 3 H-Thymidine Incorporation By Human Bladder Epithelial Cells Following Exposure To Urine From Interstitial Cystitis Patients (1996)

Because a denuded or damaged bladder epithelium is a central finding in IC, it is possible that the antiproliferative protein(s) contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease.
2-Acetylpyridine thiocarbonohydrazones. Potent inactivators of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase (1992)

A series of 2-acetylpyridine thiocarbonohydrazones was synthesized for evaluation as potential antiherpetic agents. The compounds were prepared by the condensation of 2-acetylpyridine with thiocarbonohydrazide followed by treatment with isocyanates or isothiocyanates. Many were found that were potent inactivators of ribonucleotide reductase encoded by HSV-1 and weaker inactivators of human enzyme. Several thiocarbonohydrazones (e.g. 38 and 39) inactivated HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase at rate constants as much as seven times that of lead compound 2. In general, those substituted with weak electron-attracting groups offered the best combination of potency and apparent selective activity against the HSV-1 enzyme. Seven new thiocarbonohydrazones (21, 25, 31, 36, 38, 39, and 40) were apparently greater than 50-fold more selective than 2 against HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase versus human enzyme. The results indicated new compounds worthy of further study as potentiators of acyclovir in combination topical treatment of herpes virus infections.
Synthetic Ion Channel Activity Documented by Electrophysiological Methods in Living Cells (2004)

Hydraphiles are synthetic ion channels that use crown ethers as entry portals and that span phospholipid bilayer membranes. Proton and sodium cation transport by these compounds has been demonstrated in liposomes and planar bilayers. In the present work, whole cell patch clamp experiments show that hydraphiles integrate into the membranes of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and significantly increase membrane conductance. The altered membrane permeability is reversible, and the cells under study remain vital during the experiment. Control compounds that are too short (C(8)-benzyl channel) to span the bilayer or are inactive owing to a deficiency in the central relay do not induce similar conductance increases. Control experiments confirm that the inactive channel analogues do not show nonspecific effects such as activation of native channels. These studies show that the combination of structural features that have been designed into the hydraphiles afford true, albeit simple, channel function in live cells.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Leaf Extract of Cucumis melo L. and Their In Vitro Antidiabetic and Anticoccidial Activities (2023)

In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using <i>Cucumis melo</i> L. leaf extract via a green synthesis approach and their potential against diabetes and coccidiosis was tested under in vitro conditions. The phytochemical components in the leaf extract reacted with silver nitrate in solution and yielded <i>C. melo</i>-silver nanoparticles (<i>Cm</i>-AgNPs). The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed via UV-visible spectroscopy by obtaining a peak at 440 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized by their morphology, crystallinity, and the presence of functional groups. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays were carried out at different concentrations in the range of 20 to 100 μg/mL of <i>Cm</i>-AgNPs. The <i>Cm</i>-AgNPs exhibited enzyme inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. As the concentration of <i>Cm</i>-AgNPs increased the inhibitory activities were also increased linearly and the highest inhibition was observed at 100 μg/mL. The effectiveness of <i>Cm</i>-AgNPs against <i>Eimeria tenalla</i> was assessed by an in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell lines. The results revealed that the viability of the oocysts and further sporulation were decreased with the increased concentration of <i>Cm</i>-AgNPs. The AgNPs synthesized from the <i>C. melo</i> leaf extract have shown promising potential against diabetes and coccidiosis, and they could be used in biomedical applications.
An iterative algorithm for X-ray CT fluoroscopy (1998)

X-ray computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF) enables image guidance of interventions, synchronization of scanning with contrast bolus arrival, and motion analysis. However, filtered backprojection (FB), the current method for CTF image reconstruction, is subject to motion and metal artifacts from implants, needles, or other surgical instruments. Reduced target lesion conspicuity may result from increased image noise associated with reduced tube current. In this report, we adapt the row-action expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for CTF. Because time-dependent variation in images is localized during CTF, the row-action EM-like algorithm allows rapid convergence. More importantly, this iterative CTF algorithm has fewer metal artifacts and better low-contrast performance than FB.
Preoperative Epilepsy Network Distribution Correlates With Seizure Recurrence Following Epilepsy Surgery (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Surgery remains an essential option for the treatment of medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. However, only 66% of patients achieve postoperative seizure freedom, perhaps attributable to an incomplete understanding of brain network alterations in surgical candidates. Here, we present a novel network modeling algorithm that may be used to identify key characteristics of epileptic networks correlated with improved surgical outcome. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were prospectively included, and relevant demographic information was attained. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded and preprocessed. Using our novel algorithm, patient-specific epileptic networks were mapped preoperatively and geographic spread was quantified. Global functional connectivity was also determined using a volumetric functional atlas. Key demographic data and features of epileptic networks were then correlated with surgical outcome using Pearson's product-moment correlation. RESULTS: At an average follow-up of 19 mo, 20/29 (69%) patients were seizure-free. Higher rates of seizure recurrence correlated with the localization of the epilepsy network to either temporal lobe (R = -0.415, P = .039), with the stronger correlation found with the localization to the contralateral temporal lobe (R = -0.566, P = .003). When the volumetric functional atlas connectivity was measured, increased connectivity globally was correlated with seizure recurrence (R = -0.541, P = .006). Seizure recurrence also correlated with greater atlas-based connectivity within the contralateral hemisphere (R = -0.390, P = .049). CONCLUSION: Network localization to the temporal lobes, in particular the contralateral temporal lobe, and increased atlas-defined connectivity contralateral to the surgery side are associated with seizure recurrence. These findings may reflect network-level disruption that has infiltrated the contralateral temporal lobe contributing to relatively worse surgical outcomes. Further identification of network parameters that predict patient outcomes may aid in patient selection, resection planning, and ultimately the efficacy of epilepsy surgery.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CENTRIFUGAL REVERSE-OSMOSIS DESALINATION UNIT OF INTERMEDIATE SCALE (1990)

A centrifugal reverse-osmosis desalination unit (ROD) offers many advantages over a conventional ROD. A centrifugal unit is more energy efficient, operates with lower levels of noise and vibration, and is not subject to the seal degradation and corrosion problems typical of a conventional unit. A centrifugal ROD producing 2600 liters per day of fresh water from seawater at 12 deg. C is described. The patented design incorporates features that overcome problems that have previously restricted such units to very large- scale applications.
An on-board integrated beam conditioning system for active phased array satellite antennas (2002)

This paper discusses an integrated on-board beam conditioning (Lier et al.) or control system for a satellite-based phased array antenna. The system presented takes advantage of synergy and commonality of the calibration and attitude determination subsystems. The integrated system assumes a near field calibration approach based on the control circuit encoding (CCE) technique (Silverstein et al., 1996), conventional monopulse for receive array pointing, and an orthogonally encoded monopulse technique (Purdy et al.) for transmit antenna pointing (attitude determination).
Beamforming using compressive sensing (2011)

Compressive sensing (CS) is compared with conventional beamforming using horizontal beamforming of at-sea, towed-array data. They are compared qualitatively using bearing time records and quantitatively using signal-to-interference ratio. Qualitatively, CS exhibits lower levels of background interference than conventional beamforming. Furthermore, bearing time records show increasing, but tolerable, levels of background interference when the number of elements is decreased. For the full array, CS generates signal-to-interference ratio of 12 dB, but conventional beamforming only 8 dB. The superiority of CS over conventional beamforming is much more pronounced with undersampling.
Single-channel injection locking of a diode-laser array with a cw dye laser (1985)

We report injection-locking studies on a gain-guided diode-laser array using a single-frequency cw tunable dye laser master oscillator. By injecting a single end element, both the spatial and spectral emission characteristics of the entire ten-element array could be controlled. The injection-locked array produced over 100 mW output in a single-lobed far-field beam (&lt;0.5° angular width) with a bandwidth of less than 2 MHz. With 3 mW injection, locking occurred over a number of discrete frequency intervals (∼6 GHz wide). At higher power levels (12 mW), these intervals merged to form one continuous locking range &gt;60 GHz wide. Furthermore, by varying the injection frequency, the far-field emission angle of the array could be continuously scanned over several degrees at a rate of 2.3×10−2 deg/GHz.
Ammonothermal Growth of GaN on an over-1-inch Seed Crystal (2005)

GaN was grown on a 3×4 cm 2 oval-shaped GaN seed crystal by the ammonothermal method. About 15-µm-thick GaN films were uniformly grown on each side of the seed. The Ga-polar surface was filled with pits whereas the N-polar surface was featureless. The photoluminescence (PL) characterization also indicated qualitatively uniform optical properties on each side of the crystal. The PL emission from the Ga-face was dominated by the yellow luminescence whereas that from the N-face showed dominant band-edge emission. These preliminary characterization indicated qualitatively uniform growth of GaN on an over-1” seed and demonstrated the scalability of the ammonothermal method.
A Semi-Empirical Pressure Drop Model: Part II—Multi-Element Pleated Filter Banks (2009)

Abstract Multi-element pleated filter banks (MEPFBs) combine numerous removable pleated filters into a single housing to increase the available media area, while operating at a reduced pressure drop. A predictive resistance model was developed through the use of fundamental fluid dynamic equations and empirical data to gain a working knowledge of the design parameters and their contribution to the initial resistance of these filtration systems. The model was shown to accurately replicate 750 experimental pressure drop versus face velocity data points spanning thirty custom-made MEPFBs of various filter element counts, element widths, element depths, pleat counts, and media types. MEPFBs were evaluated using the pressure drop model to determine the limiting resistance terms for a given design as well as methods to optimize energy consumption and increase the available media area of a filtration unit.
Hydroformylation of 1-hexene with rhodium in non-aqueous ionic liquids : how to design the solvent and the ligand to the reaction (2001)

A wide range of ionic liquids based on imidazolium and pyrrolidinium cations and weakly coordinating anions proved to be efficient solvents for the biphasic rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-hexene; the reaction rate and regioselectivity, and the retention of the rhodium can be optimized by fitting the nature of the anions and cations of the ionic liquid and the modified phosphite or phosphine ligands.
Measurement of LNAPL Flow Using Single‐Well Tracer Dilution Techniques (2007)

This paper describes the use of single-well tracer dilution techniques to resolve the rate of light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) flow through wells and the adjacent geologic formation. Laboratory studies are presented in which a fluorescing tracer is added to LNAPL in wells. An in-well mixer keeps the tracer well mixed in the LNAPL. Tracer concentrations in LNAPL are measured through time using a fiber optic cable and a spectrometer. Results indicate that the rate of tracer depletion is proportional to the rate of LNAPL flow through the well and the adjacent formation. Tracer dilution methods are demonstrated for vertically averaged LNAPL Darcy velocities of 0.00048 to 0.11 m/d and LNAPL thicknesses of 9 to 24 cm. Over the range of conditions studied, results agree closely with steady-state LNAPL flow rates imposed by pumping. A key parameter for estimating LNAPL flow rates in the formation is the flow convergence factor alpha. Measured convergence factors for 0.030-inch wire wrap, 0.030-inch-slotted polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 0.010-inch-slotted PVC are 1.7, 0.91, and 0.79, respectively. In addition, methods for using tracer dilution data to determine formation transmissivity to LNAPL are presented. Results suggest that single-well tracer dilution techniques are a viable approach for measuring in situ LNAPL flow and formation transmissivity to LNAPL.
Tissue Localization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Human Periodontitis (1987)

Invasion of periodontal tissues by different bacterial morphotypes has been reported in human periodontitis; however, limited information is available as to prevalence, localization and the bacterial species involved. The present study determined prevalence and gingival localization of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal lesions of juvenile periodontitis patients. Thirty-five gingival biopsies were obtained from 12 juvenile periodontitis patients at the time of periodontal therapy. One additional control biopsy was obtained from each of two adult periodontally healthy subjects, one adult periodontitis patient and one periodontally healthy monkey (Macaca fosibolius). The biopsies were carefully processed to avoid mechanical introduction of bacteria into the tissues and were examined using light and electron microscopy. Rabbit antisera specific for the three A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes were used for immunofluorescence microscopic localization of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed A. actinomycetemcomitans specific antigens in the gingival tissues of 11 of the 12 juvenile patients examined. None of the control specimens showed evidence of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival connective tissue. One specimen from a periodontally healthy subject and the monkey biopsy, however, showed A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in bacterial plaque on the surface of the crevicular epithelium. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed microcolonies of small gram-negative rods in the connective tissue, as well as single bacterial cells between collagen fibers and in areas of cell debris. In addition to these extracellular bacterial cells, evidence of bacterial cells was also found within gingival connective tissue phagocytic cells. The data from the present study suggest that the gingival tissue in juvenile periodontitis lesions harbors A. actinomycetemcomitans.
A Performance-Based Representation for Engineering Design (1999)

A design representation is developed to model multi-attribute systems utilizing multi-dimensional clipping and transformation algorithms. Given a linear system characterization, three types of supporting information is generated for the decision maker: (1) a function matrix that describes the performance attributes dependent upon the decision variables; (2) a decision space that corresponds to the feasible decision set that meets performance requirements, and; (3) a performance space that represents the feasible performance region and the Pareto Optimal set. The analytical method developed for solving these feasible spaces is described for a linear system model. A case study is presented to demonstrate how to utilize the representation to locate a feasible solution and proceed to the desired trade-off of multiple attributes. Moreover, the potential incorporations of the representation with other influential design methodologies are discussed.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 14-Heteroaromatic-Substituted Naltrexone Derivatives: Pharmacological Profile Switch from Mu Opioid Receptor Selectivity to Mu/Kappa Opioid Receptor Dual Selectivity (2013)

Based on a mu opioid receptor (MOR) homology model and the “isosterism” concept, three generations of 14-heteroaromatically substituted naltrexone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential MOR selective ligands. The first generation ligands appeared to be MOR selective, whereas the second and the third generation ones showed MOR/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) dual selectivity. Docking of ligands 2 (MOR selective) and 10 (MOR/KOR dual selective) to the three opioid receptor crystal structures revealed a non-conserved residue facilitated “hydrogen bonding network” that could be responsible for their distinctive selectivity profiles. The MOR/KOR dual selective ligand 10 showed no agonism and acted as a potent antagonist in the tail flick assay. It also produced less severe opioid withdrawal symptoms than naloxone in morphine dependent mice. In conclusion, ligand 10 may serve as a novel lead compound to develop MOR/KOR dual selective ligands, which might possess unique therapeutic value for opioid addiction treatment.
Measurement of the absorption of concentrated dyes and their use for quantitative imaging of surface topography (2008)

We propose a method to image the surface topography of transparent objects. The space between the object and the opposite closely positioned surface (such as a cover glass or a slide) is filled with a strongly absorbing dye. The contrast is generated by recording a transmission image at a wavelength where the dye absorbs. Since the transmitted intensity depends on the depth of the dye layer, it carries information about the relief of the tested surface. With sufficiently concentrated dyes, nanometre unevenness of a surface can be detected. By using less-concentrated solutions, it is possible to image and measure larger objects, such as biological cells. At the present stage, biological applications of the method are only semi-quantitative, but the method still provides detailed information about cell shapes that is not readily obtainable with other imaging techniques. Conversion of the image grey scale into the units of vertical distance requires knowledge of the absorption coefficient of the dye. The same method that is used for imaging can be adapted to measure the absorption coefficient of concentrated dyes. The solution to be analyzed is placed between a glass slide and a spherical lens of known radius. The absorption coefficient is determined from attenuation of transmitted intensity as a function of the distance to the centre. At the same time, the interference pattern in the reflected image allows measurement of the refractive index of the dye.
Asymmetric 3D Lookup Table Based Color Gamut Scalability in SHVC (2015)

SHVC is the scalable extension of the latest video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Color Gamut Scalability (CGS) refers to a scalable use case in which base layer and enhancement layer have different color gamuts. In this case, special inter-layer prediction is needed to improve coding efficiency in SHVC. In this paper, a solution based on asymmetric 3D lookup table is presented for color gamut scalability. Compared to SHVC without CGS coding tool, the proposed solution provides 9.6% - 16.1% overall luma BD-rate reduction in different test cases.
Spatial Encoding and the Acquisition of High-Resolution NMR Spectra in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields (2004)

A scheme enabling the acquisition of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra within inhomogeneous magnetic fields is introduced and exemplified. The scheme is based on the spatial encoding protocol recently introduced for collecting multidimensional NMR data within a single scan, which retrieves spectral information via interference phenomena between spin packets located at distinct positions within the sample. This in turn enables compensating for field inhomogeneities over the sample as a whole by shifting the phases of the radio-frequency pulses involved in the spatial encoding, rather than by demanding an extreme uniformity in the employed magnetic field. The upper tolerable field inhomogeneity limit thus becomes orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional time-domain acquisitions. No particular spatial dependencies are demanded by the new scheme, which can yield its high-resolution results on a single-scan basis.
Complementary domain pyroelectric detectors with reduced sensitivity to mechanical vibrations and temperature changes (1975)

LiTaO3 pyroelectric detectors have been fabricated in a novel complementary domain configuration that reduces the interference from vibrational noise sources and from changes in ambient temperature by over an order of magnitude relative to the performance of conventional pyroelectric detectors. Detectors made in this complementary domain configuration exhibit D’s in excess of 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and the measured D’s degrade less than 10% in the presence of accelerations as great as 0.05g in a 1-Hz bandwidth, or temperature changes of 10 °C/min.
Proposal of a new EM‐wave absorber based on integrated circuit concept (2006)

Abstract In order to create an electromagnetic wave absorber that does not depend on the frequency dispersions of the material parameters, this paper proposes an absorber based on the concept of the microwave integrated circuit. Detailed studies of the matching characteristics are attempted by theory and experiment. Microchip resistors serving as basic circuit elements are placed on a substrate and an electromagnetic wave absorber is developed in which the inductance and capacitance are realized in the microwave sense. A spatial experiment is conducted for this absorber. It is found possible to achieve a broadband matching characteristic over a relative bandwidth of 55% by making use of the dual peak characteristics for a matching center frequency of 3.5 GHz and a reflection coefficient of −20 dB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(12): 26–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20257