gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wearable ECG Monitor: Evaluation and Experimental Analysis (2011)

This study presents the design and development of a wearable ubiquitous healthcare monitoring system using integrated electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethysmogratphy(PPG), Skin Temperature and Accelerometer etc. In this design, non-intrusive healthcare system was designed based on WBAN for wide area coverage with minimum battery power to support RF transmission. In this system, WBAN(wireless body area network), ZigBee, is used to communicate between warable physiological signal devices and the personalized mobile system. We have developed various devices such as a wearable chest, wrist and necklace Device. The wearable ubiquitous healthcare monitoring system allows physiological data to be transmitted in wireless sensor network for Mobile network.
The Biomarkers Consortium: On the Critical Path of Drug Discovery (2008)

Recent advances in science have provided a variety of genetic, genomic, and protein-based methods to treat human diseases. These advances, and equally great strides in in vivo imaging and methods of tissue collection, have created an unprecedented opportunity to discover and develop biological markers of human disease. A biomarker is defined as a molecular, biological, or physical characteristic that indicates a specific physiologic state (see Table 1 for definitions). It is used in clinical practice to identify risk for disease, diagnose disease and its severity, guide intervention strategies, and monitor patient responses to therapy. When used in a clinical research setting, biomarkers may predict whether a drug or other intervention is safe and effective in a shorter time and at lower cost than clinical outcomes studies. For these and other reasons, including the ability to stratify patient groups based on objective criteria, biomarkers help promote regulatory approval of new therapeutic entities by pharmaceutical, biological, and device development teams.
Measuring an Impact of Block-Based Language in Introductory Programming. (2010)

The use of block-based visual language in introductory programming is a popular method in education. However, there is little research which provides evidence showing advantages of block-based language. This paper presents the results of learning data analysis with fine grain logs recorded by students’ development environment where the students can select their language in block-based or Java. A total of 400+ students’ logs collected each of four years were analyzed. The results show that migration from Block to Java can be consistently seen each year, although the whole block-editing rate was influenced by the method of the instructor’s introduction. Though block-editing did not affect working time and Lines of Code (LOC), it could reduce the compile error correction time, whereas using Java requires approximately 20% of compile error correction time for students. We concluded that block-based language worked to encourage students to focus high-level algorithm creation, as well as it provides an advantage to understanding text-based language.
Using (bio)metrics to predict code quality online (2016)

Finding and fixing code quality concerns, such as defects or poor understandability of code, decreases software development and evolution costs. A common industrial practice to identify code quality concerns early on are code reviews. While code reviews help to identify problems early on, they also impose costs on development and only take place after a code change is already completed. The goal of our research is to automatically identify code quality concerns while a developer is making a change to the code. By using biometrics, such as heart rate variability, we aim to determine the difficulty a developer experiences working on a part of the code as well as identify and help to fix code quality concerns before they are even committed to the repository.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of JNJ-42756493, an Oral Pan–Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2015)

JNJ-42756493 administered at 10 mg on a 7-days-on/7-days-off schedule achieved exposures at which clinical responses were observed, demonstrated pharmacodynamic biomarker activity, and had a manageable safety profile.
A protocol software application generator (2003)

An approach to generating protocol software from the validated protocol specifications is presented. Using this approach, the protocol application generator PAGE was developed. Using PAGE, an internet protocol was implemented as a set of automatically generated device driver routines and shown to run in a testbed simulating a real network environment. Protocol software thus generated is shown to serve as complete or nearly complete routines or as prototype routines for the protocol, depending upon the protocol software application generator and its application environment. The approach helps improve substantially the reliability of protocol software and the productivity of protocol software development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Standard of things, first step: Understanding and normalizing sensor signals (2013)

We live in an interconnected world. The IoT, Internet of Things, is a reality. There are more things connected to internet than people on the planet. The communication channels has been established and standardized, things can be easily identified. We know how to interchange data but we do not know exactly what to interchange. There is a need to reduce the traffic over the networks when the number of nodes increases. Things could be sensors or devices with sensors. Things generate signals and since that the world is inferred through these signals, there is a need to interchange knowledge at low bit rates in a standardized way. The technology explosion that invades our lives has an influence not only on what is plausible to be standardized but opens possibilities not even thought. In the sensor world, intelligence has been concentrated in the point of acquisition, inside the transducer. Considering CPU capabilities, cost, low consumption and reduction of size, the sensor signal will be processed entirely into the smart sensor, even for cheap and simple sensors. The network will be used to interchange more meaningful information or knowledge. This paper focuses on algorithms suitable for any sensor signal that start from oversampled data and end with knowledge about the sensor signal behavior in a normalized scheme. The proposed standard is an important step towards an interconnected and manageable world.
Multi-template polymerase chain reaction (2014)

PCR is a formidable and potent technology that serves as an indispensable tool in a wide range of biological disciplines. However, due to the ease of use and often lack of rigorous standards many PCR applications can lead to highly variable, inaccurate, and ultimately meaningless results. Thus, rigorous method validation must precede its broad adoption to any new application. Multi-template samples possess particular features, which make their PCR analysis prone to artifacts and biases: multiple homologous templates present in copy numbers that vary within several orders of magnitude. Such conditions are a breeding ground for chimeras and heteroduplexes. Differences in template amplification efficiencies and template competition for reaction compounds undermine correct preservation of the original template ratio. In addition, the presence of inhibitors aggravates all of the above-mentioned problems. Inhibitors might also have ambivalent effects on the different templates within the same sample. Yet, no standard approaches exist for monitoring inhibitory effects in multitemplate PCR, which is crucial for establishing compatibility between samples.
Artificial Quantum Thermal Bath (2015)

Temperature determines the relative probability of observing a physical system in an energy state when that system is energetically in equilibrium with its environment. In this manuscript, we present a theory for engineering the temperature of a quantum system different from its ambient temperature, that is basically an analog version of the quantum metropolis algorithm. We define criteria for an engineered quantum bath that, when couples to a quantum system with Hamiltonian $H$, drives the system to the equilibrium state $\frac{e^{-H/T}}{{{\rm{Tr}}}(e^{-H/T})}$ with a tunable parameter $T$. For a system of superconducting qubits, we propose a circuit-QED approximate realization of such an engineered thermal bath consisting of driven lossy resonators. We consider an artificial thermal bath as a simulator for many-body physics or a controllable temperature knob for a hybrid quantum-thermal annealer.
Inactivation of Stat5 in Mouse Mammary Epithelium during Pregnancy Reveals Distinct Functions in Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Differentiation (2004)

This study explored the functions of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 5a and 5b (referred to as Stat5 here) during different stages of mouse mammary gland development by using conditional gene inactivation. Mammary gland morphogenesis includes cell specification, proliferation and differentiation during pregnancy, cell survival and maintenance of differentiation throughout lactation, and cell death during involution. Stat5 is activated by prolactin, and its presence is mandatory for the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelium during pregnancy. To address the question of whether Stat5 is also necessary for the maintenance and survival of the differentiated epithelium, the two genes were deleted at different time points. The 110-kb Stat5 locus in the mouse was bracketed with loxP sites, and its deletion was accomplished by using two Cre-expressing transgenic lines. Loss of Stat5 prior to pregnancy prevented epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Deletion of Stat5 during pregnancy, after mammary epithelium had entered Stat5-mediated differentiation, resulted in premature cell death, indicating that at this stage epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival require Stat5.
Programming with models: modularity and abstraction provide powerful capabilities for systems biology (2008)

Mathematical models are increasingly used to understand how phenotypes emerge from systems of molecular interactions. However, their current construction as monolithic sets of equations presents a fundamental barrier to progress. Overcoming this requires modularity, enabling sub-systems to be specified independently and combined incrementally, and abstraction, enabling generic properties of biological processes to be specified independently of specific instances. These, in turn, require models to be represented as programs rather than as datatypes. Programmable modularity and abstraction enables libraries of modules to be created, which can be instantiated and reused repeatedly in different contexts with different components. We have developed a computational infrastructure that accomplishes this. We show here why such capabilities are needed, what is required to implement them and what can be accomplished with them that could not be done previously.
Acid proteinase secreted by<i>Candida tropicalis</i>: virulence in mice of a proteinase negative mutant (1994)

The relationship between the ability to secrete a specific acid proteinase (ACP) by Candida tropicalis in the presence of bovine serum albumin as a nitrogen source and virulence for mice was studied using two stable proteinase-positive and proteinase-negative strains (DSY68 and DSY65), which were constructed from the wild-type pathogenic yeast C. tropicalis ATCC 750. The inactivation of the gene encoding the secreted acid proteinase was produced by targeted gene disruption. Mortality rate was slightly lower in groups of mice infected with the proteinase-negative mutant. All other parameters analysed were similar for two strains of yeast. Our results therefore conclude that the ACP secreted by C. tropicalis did not contribute significantly to fungal virulence in systemic infections.
A study on the use of removal-diffusion theory to calculate neutron distributions for dose determination in boron neutron capture therapy / (1996)

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High-brightness blue-green LEDs and first III-V nitride-based laser diodes (1996)

InGaN single-quantum-well-structure (SQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission wavelength between violet and orange were fabricated. The maximum on-axis luminous intensity of green LEDs was 12 cd and the output power was as high as 3 mW at a forward current of 20 mA, while those of blue LEDs were 2 cd and 5 mW, respectively. The peak wavelength and the full width at half-maximum of the green LEDs were 525 nm and 30 nm, respectively, while those of blue LEDs were 450 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Successfully, InGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure laser diodes were fabricated from III-V nitride materials for the first time. The laser consisted of a InGaN MQW, GaN optical guiding layers and AlGaN cladding layers. The observed stimulated emission was at a wavelength around 420 nm, with a threshold current of 610 mA (8.7 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and a threshold voltage of 21 V under pulsed current injection at room temperature. The stimulated emission also showed a strong transverse electric polarization. The beam full widths at half power for the parallel and perpendicular far-field radiation patterns were 5 and 17 degrees, respectively.
New Polymer Additives for Mortar Cement (1999)

Mortar cement is a hydraulic cement similar to masonry cement in use and function, introduced to enhance one or more of the latter's properties, such as workability, durability, and water retention. In addition, mortar cement must have lower air content, and it has minimum flexural bond strength requirements. In response to fulfilling these needs, a new family of water soluble polymers has been developed. The new polymer additives are designed to optimize air void distribution and rheology of wet mortar, allowing improved workability with low air content. Furthermore, these polymers impart high water retention to the mortar, and allow the production of mortar with enhanced board life and flexural bond strength.
Antiviral Agents: Synthesis of Furylpyrimidinones and Evaluation of Their Cytostatic and Antiviral Activity<sup>1)</sup> (1991)

Condensation between furyllithium reagents and pyrimidinones 1, 2, 3, and 4 has been studied. The product composition is strongly dependent upon the reaction conditions and purification methodologies. Cytostatic and antiviral activities of some substrates and reaction products is reported.
Compensatory Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Central Polypurine Tract Sequence in Kinetically Disrupted Reverse Transcription (2008)

We tested whether the additional positive-strand DNA synthesis initiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from the central polypurine tract (cPPT) facilitates efficient completion of kinetically disturbed proviral DNA synthesis induced by dysfunctional reverse transcriptase (RT) mutants or limited cellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools. Indeed, the cPPT enabled the HIV-1 vectors harboring RT mutants with reduced dNTP binding affinity to transduce human lung fibroblasts (HLFs), without which these mutant vectors normally fail to transduce. The cPPT showed little effect on wild-type HIV-1 vector transduction in HLF, whereas it significantly enhanced vector transduction in HLFs engineered to contain reduced dNTP pools, suggesting a novel compensatory role for cPPT in viruses harboring kinetically impaired RT.
Multidrug resistance pump AcrAB-TolC is required for high-level, Tet(A)-mediated tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli (2006)

Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that the AcrAB pump is an important component in the development of high levels of resistance to tetracycline in E. coli, perhaps by working in combination with Tet(A).
A probabilistic analysis of test response compaction (1995)

From the Publisher:
This book addresses fundamental results on aliasing, analyzes counter-based schemes, and focuses on aliasing in linear compactors.
The effect of glucose oxidase on the preservation of grass silage (1991)

Abstract Five experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GO) on the preservation of grass silage in the absence of micro‐organisms. In the first experiment, GO was tested in a 3% glucose solution. At the level of 1190 U GO l ‐1 the pH value decreased to 3·94 in 1 h and to 3·02 in 24 h. At the level of 11·9 U l ‐1 the pH decreased to 3·45 in 24 h. The second experiment was performed by packing chopped grass into glass jars, sterilizing in an autoclave and adding GO. One day later the pH value had decreased to 4·65; 1·60% gluconic acid was found in the dry matter. In the other three experiments grass was sealed in polythene bags and sterilized by gamma‐irradiation. GO was found to cause a faster decrease in pH. Removing air from the silage by compaction decreased the GO activity. The addition of cellulase delayed the GO functioning for one day. Lactobacillus inoculant had no effect. Evidence was obtained that GO may affect the profile or activity of the original microflora of grass silage.
Physics of ultrasound contrast imaging: scattering in the linear range (1994)

A simple model for B-mode image formation in diagnostic ultrasound is presented. It is used to give a general description of the effects, which scattering ultrasound contrast agents have on B- or M-mode images, as long as linear propagation of ultrasound is prevailing. The results of the model calculations are illustrated for the case of a homogeneous medium. It turns out that acoustical shadowing is limiting the maximum attainable backscatter enhancement. This becomes obvious when the model is also applied to the slightly more complicated case of cardiac and especially myocardial (or tissue) contrast. Conditions for optimum enhancement are derived for a number of typical diagnostic situations. Some possible pitfalls, which may prevent good results, are also called to attention. Microbubble suspensions are discussed as an important special example for contrast agents. In this case, the limits of the linear range can be estimated from the acoustically driven pulsations of a microbubble in a viscous fluid. The properties of contrast agents in the linear range described here should also provide a basis for later discussion of their nonlinear properties, which may help to overcome limitations imposed on tissue contrast in the linear range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange of hydrophobic peptides in model membranes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2002)

We demonstrate here that the hydrogen/deuterium solvent exchange (HDX) properties of the transmembrane fragment of the M2 protein of Influenza A (M2-TM) incorporated into lipid vesicles or detergent micelles can be studied with straightforward electrospray (ESI) and nanospray mass spectrometry (MS) configurations provided that key factors, including sample preparation techniques, are optimized. Small unilamellar vesicle preparations were obtained by solubilizing dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and the M2-TM peptide in aqueous solution with n-octyl-beta-D-glycopyranoside, followed by dialysis to remove the detergent. Electron microscopy experiments revealed that subsequent concentration by centrifugation introduced large multilamellar aggregates that were not compatible with ESI-MS. By contrast, a lyophilization-based concentration procedure, followed by thawing above the liquid crystal transition temperature of the lipid component, maintained the liposome size profile and yielded excellent ion fluxes in both ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS. Using these methods the global HDX profile of M2-TM in aqueous DMPC vesicles was compared with that in methanol, demonstrating that several amide sites were protected from exchange by the lipid membrane. We also show that hydrophobic peptides can be detected by ESI-MS in the presence of a large molar excess of the detergent Triton X-100. The rate of HDX of M2-TM in Triton X-100 micelles was faster than that in DMPC vesicles but slower than when the peptide had been denatured in methanol. These results indicate that the accessibility of backbone amide sites to the solvent can be profoundly affected by membrane protein structure and dynamics, as well as the properties of model bilayer systems.
<i>u-shaped</i> encodes a zinc finger protein that regulates the proneural genes<i>achaete</i> and <i>scute</i> during the formation of bristles in <i>Drosophila</i> (1997)

The pattern of the large sensory bristles on the notum of Drosophila arises as a consequence of the expression of the achaete and scute genes. The gene u-shaped encodes a novel zinc finger that acts as a transregulator of achaete and scute in the dorsal region of the notum. Viable hypomorphic u-shaped mutants display additional dorsocentral and scutellar bristles that result from overexpression of achaete and scute. In contrast, overexpression of u-shaped causes a loss of achaete-scute expression and consequently a loss of dorsal bristles. The effects on the dorsocentral bristles appear to be mediated through the enhancer sequences that regulate achaete and scute at this site. The effects of u-shaped mutants are similar to those of a class of dominant alleles of the gene pannier with which they display allele-specific interactions, suggesting that the products of both genes cooperate in the regulation of achaete and scute. A study of the sites at which the dorsocentral bristles arise in mosaic u-shaped nota, suggests that the levels of the u-shaped protein are crucial for the precise positioning of the precursors of these bristles.