gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wellsite quasi-2D inversion of array resistivity logging data (2000)

New generation galvanic array tools can provide high-resolution resistivity logging data in conductive borehole environments. Fast and accurate interpretation of these array data is required for timely decisions on well completions. Due to the high nonlinearity between the galvanic data and the earth formation, inversion is necessary in interpreting resistivity logging data. A typical array tool data set, however, consists of several tens of measurements at each logging depth, acquired at a dense sampling of 4 cm. Such a large amount of data makes traditional inversion-based interpretation very slow and thus it is impossible to deliver the results to customers at the well site.In this paper, we develop a quasi-2D wellsite deliverable inversion algorithm that utilises trained back-propagation (BP) neural networks as forward modelling engines. We first reduce the 2D data into quasi-1D data via numerical focusing. We further simplify the quasi-1D data by performing borehole correction. The numerically focused and borehole effect corrected data are then inverted to provide information about the 2D resistivity structure. Synthetic tool responses are first generated over a set of cylindrically 1D earth models covering a large range of resistivity contrasts and invasion lengths. The earth model parameters are input to the neural network as the stimuli while the associated responses are used as the desired neural network output. The neural network is then trained to model the tool response. After validation, the trained neural network is applied in an inversion algorithm as a forward modelling engine that combines the computation of the potentials and numerical focusing into a single step and allows the inversion to be performed at real time. We tested our inversion algorithm on both synthetic and field data. The numerical examples show that this fast inverse algorithm is a useful tool in providing information about the formation resistivity at wellsite.
Token Based Authentication for Handover Security (1999)

In wireless mobile communications when a user moves from one access point to another, there is a risk that an attacker pretending to be that user will get accepted by the second access point and thus be able to hijack the communication session from the real user. To thwart this kind of attack, during handover measures must be taken to authenticate the user before granting access. In this paper we propose a security token based approach which, compared to other existing approaches, gives the best comprehensive result with respect to security assurance, processing efficiency and handover performance. We present the design of a token based authentication protocol that effectively prevents impostors from capturing the communication channel at handover. The protocol, with two alternatives, is widely applicable to various network environments, and it imposes minimal processing overhead on mobile devices. This protocol has been proposed to be one part of the security solution for the HIPERLAN Type 2 wireless local area networks.
A formal yet practical approach to electronic commerce (1999)

This work explores (semi-) automated EC on the WWW. The EContracts framework enables EC WWW sites and EC automated tools to present standardized information. This information (1) allows each party to decide whether it wishes to engage in an EC activity with the other party, (2) enables automated negotiation between the parties, and (3) enables the establishment of an electronic contract, i.e., a formal description of an agreed upon EC transaction. The EContracts framework defines the basic software components of an EC party and their interconnections. Based on the EContracts framework, various applications can be built. Examples are deal making applications, deal feasibility checkers, brokers etc. Furthermore, the definitions of the data structures and the algorithms enable a theoretical investigation of automated commerce.
Joint Load Balancing and Power Allocation for Hybrid VLC/RF Networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose and study a new joint load balancing (LB) and power allocation (PA) scheme for a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) system consisting of one RF\ access point (AP) and multiple VLC\ APs. An iterative algorithm is proposed to distribute the users on the APs and distribute the powers of these APs on their users. In PA subproblem, an optimization problem is formulated to allocate the power of each AP to the connected users for the total achievable data rates maximization. It is proved that the PA optimization problem is concave but not easy to tackle. Therefore, we provide a new algorithm to obtain the optimal dual variables after formulating them in terms of each other. Then, the users that are connected to the overloaded APs and receive less data rates start seeking for other APs that offer higher data rates. Users with lower data rates continue re-connecting from AP to other to balance the load only if this travel increases the summation of the achievable data rates and enhances the system fairness. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms improve the system capacity and system fairness with fast convergence.
Quantitative Motion Analysis Of The Uterus By Optical Flow And Two-dimensional Strain Mapping (2018)

Successful in-vitro fertilization is achieved in 30% of the procedures only. Implantation failure may be caused by uterine peristalsis. Therefore, the in-vitro fertilization success rate may be improved by novel methods enabling objective and non-invasive characterization of uterine peristalsis. In this study, strain mapping based on speckle tracking is applied on two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound recordings to quantify UP outside pregnancy. Eight healthy women, with a natural regular cycle, underwent 4-minute transvaginal ultrasound scans during the late follicular and late luteal phase, suggested to be the most active and the most quiet phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. For each ultrasound recording, a region of interest was chosen to include the junctional zone close to the fundus, where the strongest uterine peristalsis can be found based on clinical evidence. A grid of markers was defined inside the region of interest so that strain and strain rate could be calculated from the relative movement of the adjacent markers acquired by speckle tracking. Color rendered techniques, such as color coding and interpolation were applied to make the uterine peristalsis inside the map easy to visualize. Quantitative analysis of the obtained strain and strain rate was able to distinguish between motion in the late follicular and late luteal phases.
Multi-range signal oscillation detection — Concepts and applications (2018)

Oscillations on the power system represent an exchange of real or reactive power between entities on the grid or quantities induced onto the grid or as the result of a resonance. Due to the electromechanical make-up of the grid, oscillations have existed from the beginning power system time. In the beginning, the primary source of oscillations was machine-to-machine hunting - resulting in what is known today as Inter-Area Oscillations. As the power system has grown and expanded into new realms, the sources and frequencies of oscillations have expanded. This paper identifies a set of ranges of sub-synchronous oscillations, introduces a new measurement technique for these oscillations, and identifies possible mitigation strategies.
A Video-Rate CCD Two-Dimensional Cosine Transform Processor (1987)

The need for transmitting an image through a low data rate channel has led to the development of various image data compression techniques. Recently, transform image coding based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm has been proven to be a near optimum method for good quality, low data rate image transmission [1],[2]. In this paper, a CCD two-dimension DCT [3] device structure based on the recently developed one dimension CCD DCT device [4] will be reviewed. The CCD DCT device computes a 16-point cosine transform in 100 ns. The device structure is based on the vector-matrix product algorithm and implemented by using a bank of 256 fixed-weight multipliers. 60-dB dynamic range, -40-dB harmonic distortion has been achieved by the DCT device. Clocked at 10 MHz, the device is performing 5 billion computations per second and dissipates only 700 mW. The speed, power, weight and through-put rate advantages offered by the CCD technology make it ideal to be used in a low cost image transform CODECL [2].
Abstract 1280: Nano-scale phospho-proteomic analysis to define diagnostic signatures and biomarkers of therapeutic activity in cancer (2012)

Abstract The ability to quantify changes in protein activity in a clinical setting is important for the development of therapeutics that target cancer signaling pathways. We have developed the use of a highly sensitive microfluidic nano-immunoassay (NIA, Nanopro1000) to quantify unphosphorylated, single- and multi- phosphorylated isoforms of proteins in clinical specimens including blood, bone marrow, and fine needle aspirates (FNAs). Using as little as 2 nanoliters of cellular lysate, we can measure over 40 proteomic parameters, and assess changes in proteins that mediate signal transduction, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Using NIA to resolve different phosphorylated isoforms of individual proteins and directly measure percent phosphorylation has led to new hypotheses and approaches to biomarker development. To develop novel diagnostic biomarkers, we have analyzed MAP Kinase phospho-protein profiles for over 200 specimens collected from patients with hematopoietic and solid tumors. We found that quantifying even subtle differences in protein signaling between tumor calls and adjacent non-tumor tissue can distinguish various malignancies. We will also present preclinical and clinical data using NIA to develop biomarkers of therapeutic activity biologic activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. One unanticipated finding has been that TKIs might preferentially inhibit or activate specific phospho-isoforms of proteins. Our NIA studies also suggest that dynamic changes in protein signaling may better predict therapeutic outcome than profiles from a single, pre-treatment time point. One example is that the decrease in single phospho-ERK2 (p-ERK2) is associated with response to TKIs in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Notably, measurements of the phospho-isoform at a single time point were not sufficient to distinguish the two groups, which may reflect that individual tumors may have different initial “set-points” for the pathway. In contrast, comparison of proteomic signatures serially sampled from patients before and during treatment can provide valuable information regarding degree of target kinase inhibition and also compensatory signaling that can not be gleaned from analysis of a single time point. Our studies using nanoscale proteomic analysis to profile tumor signatures and characterize biologic response to therapies have led to new potential strategies for developing biomarkers, moving us closer to individualized cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1280. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1280
Sign Recognition using Depth Image Streams (2006)

A set of techniques is presented for extracting essential shape information from image sequences. Presented methods are (i) human detection, (ii) human body parts detection, and (iii) hand shape analysis, all based on depth image streams. In particular, representative types of hand shapes used in Japanese sign language (JSL) are recognized in a non-intrusive manner with a high recognition rate. An experimental JSL recognition system is built that can recognize over 100 words by using an active sensing hardware to capture a stream of depth images at a video rate. Experimental results are shown to validate our approach and characteristics of our approach are discussed.
Prevention of Peritoneal Sclerosis: A New Proposal to Substitute Glucose with Carnitine Dialysis Solution (Biocompatibility Testing in Vitro and in Rabbits) (2005)

In our study the peritoneal dialysis solution containing carnitine seems to prevent the mesothelial changes observed with solutions containing glucose. Since carnitine has been extensively studied and seems to be well tolerated by hemodialysis patients, even at high doses for long periods, clinical trials in humans may be planned in the near future.
Synthesis of Natural Ecteinascidins (ET‐729, ET‐745, ET‐759B, ET‐736, ET‐637, ET‐594) from Cyanosafracin B. (2004)

The semisynthetic process initially described for the synthesis of <b>1 </b>(ET-743) has been extended to\nthe preparation of other natural ecteinascidins. For the synthesis of <b>2</b> (ET-729) a demethylation of\na <i>N</i>-Me intermediate was carried out by a selective oxidation with MCPBA. Other natural\necteinascidins (ET-745, ET-759B, ET-736, ET-637, ET-594) were accessible from key intermediate\n<b>25</b>. The described methodologies allow for the preparation of a wide variety of ecteinascidins by\nprocedures that can be easily scaled up.
Fall on Backpack: Damage Minimization of Humanoid Robots by Falling on Targeted Body Segments (2012)

Safety and robustness will become critical issues when humanoid robots start sharing human environments in the future. In physically interactive human environments, a catastrophic fall is a major threat to the safety and smooth operation of humanoid robots. It is, therefore, imperative that humanoid robots be equipped with a comprehensive fall management strategy. This paper deals with the problem of reducing the impact damage to a robot associated with a fall. A common approach is to employ damage-resistant design and apply impact-absorbing material to robot limbs, such as the backpack and knee, that are particularly prone to fall related impacts. In this paper, we select the backpack to be the most preferred body segment to experience an impact. We proceed to propose a control strategy that attempts to reorient the robot during the fall such that it impacts the ground with its backpack. We show that the robot can fall on the backpack even when it starts falling sideways. This is achieved by generating and redistributing angular momentum among the robot limbs through dynamic coupling. The planning and control algorithms for a fall are demonstrated in simulation.
QParallel: Explicit Parallelism for Programming Quantum Computers (2022)

We present a language extension for parallel quantum programming to (1) remove ambiguities concerning parallelism in current quantum programming languages and (2) facilitate space-time tradeoff investigations in quantum computing. While the focus of similar libraries in the domain of classical computing (OpenMP, OpenACC, etc.) is to divide a computation into multiple threads, the main goal of QParallel is to keep the compiler and the runtime system from introducing parallelism-inhibiting dependencies, e.g., through reuse of qubits in automatic qubit management. We describe the syntax and semantics of the proposed language extension, implement a prototype based on Q#, and present several examples and use cases to illustrate its performance benefits. Moreover, we introduce a tool that guides programmers in the placement of parallel regions by identifying the subroutines that profit most from parallelization, which is especially useful if the programmer's knowledge of the source code is limited. Support for QParallel can be added to any multithreading library and language extension, including OpenMP and OpenACC.
Tetraphenylethylene substituted thienothiophene and dithienothiophene derivatives: synthesis, optical properties and OLED applications (2020)

TPE units at the periphery of two TTs and a DTT affect the structures, properties and OLED characteristics of these three synthetically easily accessible novel conjugated compounds for materials chemistry.
Four putative subtypes of human parvovirus B19 based on amino acid polymorphism in the C-terminal region of non-structural protein (2000)

The nucleotide sequence of 10 isolates of human parvovirus B19 (B19) were determined and compared throughout 96.3% of the open reading frames (4145 nucleotides from nt. 509-4653). In the 4145 nucleotides, 122 mutation sites were found, of which 24 were accompanied by amino acid displacement. Furthermore, the polymorphism of the amino acids was seen in about 110 bases near the carboxy terminal of the non-structural protein, ranging from nt. 2011 to 2123, where four amino acid mutation points were found to exist. Based on the amino acid polymorphism of these four mutation sites in this area, 10 isolates of the B19 parvovirus could be divided into 4 subtypes (subtypes A, B, C, and D). The frequency of isolation of the subtypes depended on the time and location of collection of the B19 viremic blood specimens.
<title>High Pressure Reinjection CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> Oscillator</title> (1980)

The design and performance of a uv preionized CO<sub>2</sub> oscillator with integral four-pass amplifier is described. This laser is operated at any pressure from 1 atm to 10 atm without the necessity of complex Marx bank electronics. A Q switch is required in the oscillator cavity to delay the oscillator pulse until the peak gain of 4.5/m can be reached. Even without the use of a Q switch to optimize performance, the laser has produced 700 mJ, 1 ns FWHM CO2 laser pulses.
ICE: Ionic contrast enhancement for organic solvent negative tone develop (2014)

The use of organic solvents in the development of chemically amplified (CA) resists has been known since the introduction of DUV lithography into manufacturing over twenty years ago [1,2]. In this approach a negative tone image is produced using an aqueous base developable positive tone resist developed in an organic solvent. Recently there has been an increased interest in negative tone imaging due to superior performance for specific masking levels such as narrow trenches and contact holes [3]. Negative tone imaging of this type is based on differences in the polarity between the exposed and unexposed regions of the resist film. The dissolution contrast can be optimized by selecting a solvent with the proper match of solubility parameters (polarity, hydrogen bonding and dispersion) to attain good solubility of the relatively nonpolar unexposed resist and poor solubility of the deprotected acidic exposed film. Another approach is to tune the properties of the resist polymer for a given solvent, creating a new optimized resist. We have explored a third methodology to achieve a high contrast solvent developable system without a need to modify resist or solvent. In this report we describe a process that exploits the differences in solubility between ionic and organic materials. In this method an ionic species is introduced into the resist film following post-exposure bake to alter the polarity in such way that the resist contrast can be improved in organic solvent development. We describe processes using pre-rinses and developers containing salts. Lithographic response, characterized using contrast curves and imaging, is presented for a variety of resist platforms. We show evidence for ionic incorporation into the resist film using SIMS, XPS, QCM and FTIR characterization. We demonstrate the practical applicability of this method to 248nm, 193nm, e-beam and EUV exposures.
Organic aerogels: A new type of ultrastructured polymer (1991)

The present study aimed at assessing the epidemiology including demographic variables, diagnostic features, and management of ameloblastomas at several European departments of maxillofacial and oral surgery. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, voluptuary habits, comorbidities, site, size, radiographic features, type, histopathological features, kind of treatment, length of hospital stay, complications, recurrence, management and complications of the recurrence. A total of 244 patients, 134 males and 110 females with ameloblastomas were included in the study. Mean age was 47.4 years. In all, 81% of lesions were found in the mandible, whereas 19% were found in the maxilla. Mean size of included ameloblastomas was 38.9 mm. The most frequently performed treatment option was enucleation plus curettage/peripheral ostectomy in 94 ameloblastomas, followed by segmental resection (60 patients), simple enucleation (46 patients), and marginal resection (40 patients). A recurrence (with a mean follow up of 5 years) was observed in 47 cases out of 244 ameloblastomas (19.3%). Segmental resection was associated with a low risk of recurrence (p = 0003), whereas enucleation plus curettage/peripheral ostectomy was associated with a high risk of recurrence (p = 0002). A multilocular radiographic appearance was associated with a high risk of recurrence (p < .05), as well as the benign solid/multicystic histologic type (p < .05). Within the limitations of the study it seems that the management of ameloblastomas will probably remain controversial even in the future. Balancing low surgical morbidity with a low recurrence rate is a difficult aim to reach.
Development of the microwave plasma CVD technique for rapid growth of large single-crystal diamond (2006)

Summary form only given. The method of high growth rate single crystal microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond has opened new applications for precision tools, electronics, optics, and consumer gems. Here we provide an overview of techniques developed under a Carnegie Institution program for producing large single crystal CVD diamond (>1 cm thick, 10 carats) at very high growth rates of ~100 m/h. These diamonds exceed the sizes of those of commercially available crystals made by high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) methods. The various microwave plasma CVD systems we have used include home-made, window and bell-jar type reactors. In order to achieve higher growth rate, the energetic plasma was produced at higher methane concentration 8-20% CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and higher pressure 160-220 torr at various temperature 900-1400degC. Substrates were HPHT synthetic type Ib yellow or single crystal CVD diamonds with {100} faces on all sides. Morphologies and colors of the as-grown CVD diamonds strongly depend on the deposition temperature and pressures at various systems. Using the above conditions, gem-quality CVD diamond can be grown individually and sequentially on the 6 {100} faces of the substrate. The prospects for producing much larger single crystal diamond with next generation reactors will be discussed