gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of oscillatory pressure along the endotracheal tube is indicative for maximal respiratory compliance during high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation: A mathematical model study (2001)

We hypothesized that during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), a reduction of peak-to-peak oscillatory pressure along the endotracheal tube is maximal when respiratory system compliance is maximal. We made a mathematical model of the endotracheal tube and the respiratory system of a neonate suffering from idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). The model consisted of linear viscous and inertive elements, a non-linear endotracheal tube resistance, and a non-linear compliance allowing for alveolar recruitment and overdistention. Respiratory compliance was maximal at the transition between maximal recruitment and minimal overdistention. A new variable, the oscillatory pressure ratio (OPR), was defined as the ratio between peak-to-peak oscillatory pressures at the distal end and the proximal opening of the endotracheal tube, respectively. The respiratory variables of four patients were fed into the model, and the relationship between respiratory system compliance and OPR was determined. OPR decreased as compliance increased, except for very low compliances below where 0.08 mL. cm H2O(-1), and OPR increased with increasing compliance. The relationship between mean airway pressure P(aw) and OPR revealed that the minimal OPR (range, 0.37-0.78) and maximal respiratory compliance coincided at the same P(aw). However, the relationship did depend on oscillation frequency, applied oscillatory pressure, and endotracheal tube resistance, parameters that may change during clinical application of HFOV. When 81 permutations of nominal and extreme respiratory variables were used in the model, the minimum OPR (0.60 +/- 0.23) and maximum compliance coincided in all cases. These model experiments support our hypothesis. The results indicate that the OPR may be a useful index to optimize lung expansion, where lung recruitment is maximal and overdistention minimal. In vivo tests will be needed to reveal the feasibility and reliability of such an index for biomedical and clinical application.
Interactive document retrieval using faceted terminological feedback (2003)

Presents a new interactive paradigm for iterative information retrieval based on the automatic construction of a faceted representation for a document subset. Facets are chosen heuristically based on lexical dispersion (a measure of the number of different terms with which a word co-occurs within noun phrases appearing in the document set). The phrases in which these terms occur serve to provide a set of attributes, specializations, related concepts, etc., for the so-identified "facet" terms. The resulting representation serves the dual purpose of providing a concise, structured summary of the contents of the result set, as well as presenting a set of terms for engaging in interactive query reformulation.
An Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Based on Neutral Alkali Metal Ferri/ferrocyanide and Polysulfide Electrolytes (2015)

We have demonstrated a new ferri/ferrocyanide – polysulfide (Fe/S) flow battery, which employs less corrosive, relatively environmentally benign neutral alkali metal ferri/ferrocyanide and alkali metal polysulfides as the active redox couples. A cobalt nanoparticle – decorated graphite felt was used at the polysulfide side as the catalyst. Excellent electrochemical performance was successfully acquired in the Fe/S flow cells with high cell efficiencies (99% coulombic efficiency and ∼74% energy efficiency) and good cycling stability over extended charge/discharge operations. The positive half-cell appears to be the performance – limiting side in the Fe/S flow battery determined by using a carbon cloth probe. The inexpensive redox materials and possibly cell part materials can lead to reduced capital cost, making the Fe/S flow battery a promising cost-effective energy storage technology candidate.
Local Linear Events Extraction and Filtering in the Presence of Time-shifts (2012)

Static shifts are detrimental for any algorithm that is based on the lateral coherency of the seismic events. We present a multidimensional extraction of linear events, where the time shifts are estimated alongside the other attributes of the extracted event (slopes, and wavelets), leading to a much more effective extraction. Different time-shifts are estimated for each extracted event, making the algorithm more generic than an approach based on classical static shifts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm on synthetic and field data.
Cryogen spray cooling in laser dermatology: Effects of ambient humidity and frost formation (2001)

Frost formation following CSC does not usually affect laser dosage delivered for therapy of subsurface targets. Moreover, frost formation may reduce the risk of cryo-injury associated with prolonged cooling. The epidermal protection during CSC assisted laser dermatologic surgery can be further improved by eliminating the adverse influence of ambient humidity.
Graph Convolutional Module for Temporal Action Localization in Videos (2021)

Temporal action localization, which requires a machine to recognize the location as well as the category of action instances in videos, has long been researched in computer vision. The main challenge of temporal action localization lies in that videos are usually long and untrimmed with diverse action contents involved. Existing state-of-the-art action localization methods divide each video into multiple action units (i.e., proposals in two-stage methods and segments in one-stage methods) and then perform action recognition/regression on each of them individually, without explicitly exploiting their relations during learning. In this paper, we claim that the relations between action units play an important role in action localization, and a more powerful action detector should not only capture the local content of each action unit but also allow a wider field of view on the context related to it. To this end, we propose a general graph convolutional module (GCM) that can be easily plugged into existing action localization methods, including two-stage and one-stage paradigms. To be specific, we first construct a graph, where each action unit is represented as a node and their relations between two action units as an edge. Here, we use two types of relations, one for capturing the temporal connections between different action units, and the other one for characterizing their semantic relationship. Particularly for the temporal connections in two-stage methods, we further explore two different kinds of edges, one connecting the overlapping action units and the other one connecting surrounding but disjointed units. Upon the graph we built, we then apply graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to model the relations among different action units, which is able to learn more informative representations to enhance action localization. Experimental results show that our GCM consistently improves the performance of existing action localization methods, including two-stage methods (e.g., CBR [15] and R-C3D [47]) and one-stage methods (e.g., D-SSAD [22]), verifying the generality and effectiveness of our GCM. Moreover, with the aid of GCM, our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on THUMOS14 (50.9 percent versus 42.8 percent). Augmentation experiments on ActivityNet also verify the efficacy of modeling the relationships between action units. The source code and the pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/Alvin-Zeng/GCM.
Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment (2014)

The cost of ionic liquids (ILs) is a barrier to utilization in cellulosic biorefinery pretreatment. Our low-cost [HSO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> ILs are nearly as efficient as standard [OAc] options.
Dual-input fiber-optic gyroscope (1980)

A fiber-optic gyroscope is operated at maximum sensitivity by supplying two equal-intensity inputs with a specific phase difference to the gyroscope beam splitter. When the beam-splitter outputs have equal intensity, reciprocity requires the Sagnac interferometer to be at quadrature. A sensitivity of approximately 0.93 rad(-1) is demonstrated with a minimum-detectable rotation rate of 0.4 deg/sec.
Enhanced efficacy of single-dose versus multi-dose azithromycin regimens in preclinical infection models (2005)

These data are consistent with data reported from clinical studies and indicate that a single-dose regimen would be at least as effective as the same dose administered over several days.
Abstract 3214: A fully human anti-TIM3 antibody with co-stimulatory activity (2016)

Abstract Targeting immune checkpoint molecules has been demonstrated to have significant benefit to patients with cancer. One such molecule is TIM3 whose expression is associated with a phenomenon referred to as T cell exhaustion. While it has been suggested that ligation of TIM3 provides a negative signal to the T cell, there is no obvious inhibitory signaling motif associated with the molecule. We have developed a fully human antibody to TIM3 which demonstrates potent co-stimulatory activity. T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus either anti-CD28 or anti-TIM3 show comparable levels of cell activation. Similar to co-stimulation with anti-CD28, the anti-TIM3 antibody promotes expression of CD25, interferon gamma, Tbet and granzyme B, amongst others. Thus, anti-TIM3 co-stimulation promotes T cells with a pro-inflammitory phenotype. With TIM3 being associated with exhausted T cells, co-stimulation with this antibody would be expected to specifically re-activate these exhausted T cells at the tumor site. Moreover, since some NK cells constitutively express TIM3, it would be expected that this antibody would activate these cells as well. Altogether, we have identified a novel anti-TIM3 antibody that is capable of targeting T cells at the tumor site and activating them. Citation Format: J Dixon Gray, Irina Krapf, Heyue Zhou, Gunnar Kaufmann. A fully human anti-TIM3 antibody with co-stimulatory activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3214.
Protection against Heterologous<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Strains by Dendritic Cell Immunization (2006)

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium which can cause either chronic infections or acute lethal sepsis in infected individuals. The disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, but little is known about the mechanisms of protective immunity to the bacterium. In this study, we have developed a procedure to utilize dendritic cells in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as a vaccine delivery vector to induce protective immune responses to various strains of B. pseudomallei . Our results show that strong cell-mediated immune responses were generated, while antibody responses, although low, were detectable. Upon virulent challenge with B. pseudomallei strain K96243, NCTC 4845, or 576, animals immunized with dendritic cells that were pulsed with heat-killed K96243 and matured in the presence of CpG 1826 showed significant levels of protection. These results show that a vaccine strategy that actively targets dendritic cells can evoke protective immune responses.
THE EFFECT OF IRRADIANCE ON VIRUS STERILIZATION AND PHOTODYNAMIC DAMAGE IN RED BLOOD CELLS SENSITIZED BY PHTHALOCYANINES (1995)

Phthalocyanines are being studied as photosensitizers for virus sterilization of red blood cells (RBC). During optimization of the reaction conditions, we observed a marked effect of the irradiance on production of RBC damage. Using a broad-band light source (600-700 nm) between 5 and 80 mW/cm2, there was an inverse relationship between irradiance and rate of photohemolysis. This effect was observed with aluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (AlPcSn) and cationic silicon (HOSiPc-OSi[CH3]2[CH2]3N+[CH3]3I- phthalocyanine (Pc5) photosensitizers. The same effect occurred when the reduction of RBC negative surface charges was used as an endpoint. Under the same treatment conditions, vesicular stomatitis virus inactivation rate was unaffected by changes in the irradiance. Reduction in oxygen availability for the photochemical reaction at high irradiance could explain the effect. However, theoretical estimates suggest that oxygen depletion is minimal under our conditions. In addition, because the rate of photohemolysis at 80 mW/cm2 was not increased when irradiations were carried out under an oxygen atmosphere this seems unlikely. Likewise, formation of singlet oxygen dimoles at high irradiances does not appear to be involved because the effect was unchanged when light exposure was in D2O. While there is no ready explanation for this irradiance effect, it could be used to increase the safety margin of RBC virucidal treatment by employing exposure at high irradiance, thus minimizing the damage to RBC.
Antimicrobial coatings based on hydantoin‐containing polymer networks for textiles (2010)

Abstract An advanced method with an initiator pretreatment was developed for the coating of nylon/cotton fabrics with the hydantoin‐containing monomer 3‐allyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin and two water‐soluble crosslinkers N,N ′‐methylene bisacrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 diacrylate. The formulations were applied to textiles by either batch coating or dip coating. In the dip‐coating process, the influence of individual parameters on the fabric modification was investigated and evaluated. After treatment with chlorine, the hydantoin structure was transformed into antimicrobial active N ‐halamines. The modified fabrics exhibited potent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Our method, based on an initiator pretreatment and water‐soluble crosslinkers, outperformed current technologies in the degree of fabric modification. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Toward laboratory torsional spine magnetic reconnection (2017)

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy conversion mechanism in nature. Major attempts to study this process in controlled settings on Earth have largely been limited to reproducing approximately two-dimensional (2-D) reconnection dynamics. Other experiments describing reconnection near three-dimensional null points are non-driven, and do not induce any of the 3-D modes of spine fan, torsional fan or torsional spine reconnection. In order to study these important 3-D modes observed in astrophysical plasmas (e.g. the solar atmosphere), laboratory set-ups must be designed to induce driven reconnection about an isolated magnetic null point. As such, we consider the limited range of fundamental resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and kinetic parameters of dynamic laboratory plasmas that are necessary to induce the torsional spine reconnection (TSR) mode characterized by a driven rotational slippage of field lines – a feature that has yet to be achieved in operational laboratory magnetic reconnection experiments. Leveraging existing reconnection models, we show that within a ${\lesssim}1~\text{m}^{3}$ apparatus, TSR can be achieved in dense plasma regimes ( ${\sim}10^{24}~\text{m}^{-3}$ ) in magnetic fields of ${\sim}10^{-1}~\text{T}$ . We find that MHD and kinetic parameters predict reconnection in thin ${\lesssim}20~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ current sheets on time scales of ${\lesssim}10~\text{ns}$ . While these plasma regimes may not explicitly replicate the plasma parameters of observed astrophysical phenomena, studying the dynamics of the TSR mode within achievable set-ups signifies an important step in understanding the fundamentals of driven 3-D magnetic reconnection and the self-organization of current sheets. Explicit control of this reconnection mode may have implications for understanding particle acceleration in astrophysical environments, and may even have practical applications to fields such as spacecraft propulsion.
Holographic Flat Panel Display (2020)

We will discuss optical architectures for holographic flat panel displays and present some of our approaches to implement the slim holographic display.
Electronic forensic techniques for manufacturer attribution (2016)

The microelectronics industry seeks screening tools that can be used to verify the origin of and track integrated circuits (ICs) throughout their lifecycle. Embedded circuits that measure process variation of an IC are well known. This paper adds to previous work using these circuits for studying manufacturer characteristics on final product ICs, particularly for the purpose of developing and verifying a signature for a microelectronics manufacturing facility (fab). We present the design, measurements and analysis of 159 silicon ICs which were built as a proof of concept for this purpose. 80 copies of our proof of concept IC were built at one fab, and 80 more copies were built across two lots at a second fab. Using these ICs, our prototype circuits allowed us to distinguish these two fabs with up to 98.7% accuracy and also distinguish the two lots from the second fab with up to 98.8% accuracy.
Implementing an on-the-fly garbage collector for Java (2000)

Java uses garbage collection (GC) for the automatic reclamation of computer memory no longer required by a running application. GC implementations for Java Virtual Machines (JVM) are typically designed for single processor machines, and do not necessarily perform well for a server program with many threads running on a multiprocessor. We designed and implemented an on-the-fly GC, based on the algorithm of Doligez, Leroy and Gonthier [13, 12] (DLG), for Java in this environment. An on-the-fly collector , a collector that does not stop the program threads, allows all processors to be utilized during collection and provides uniform response times. We extended and adapted DLG for Java (e.g., adding support for weak references) and for modern multiprocessors without sequential consistency, and added performance improvements (e.g., to keep track of the objects remaining to be traced). We compared the performance of our implementation with stop-the-world mark-sweep GC. Our measurements show that the performance advantage for our collector increases as the number of threads increase and that it provides uniformly low response times.
The Effect of Frequency Altered Feedback on Stuttering Duration and Type (2008)

FAF positively affects the speech of persons who stutter by reducing the proportion of stuttered events with a concomitant decrease in duration of residual stuttering and total stuttering time during oral reading.
Effect of RF Interference on the Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis of Multiuser Mixed RF/FSO Relay Networks With Power Allocation (2017)

In this paper, the impact of radio frequency (RF) cochannel interference (CCI) on the performance of multiuser mixed RF/free-space optical (FSO) relay network with opportunistic user scheduling under eavesdropping attack is studied. The considered system includes multiple users, one decode-and forward relay, one destination, and an eavesdropper. In the analysis, the RF/FSO channels follow Nakagami-m/Gamma-Gamma fading models, respectively, with pointing errors on the FSO link. Exact closed-form expression for the system outage probability is derived. Then, an asymptotic expression for the outage probability is obtained at the high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio regime to get more insights on the system performance. Moreover, the obtained results are used to find the optimal transmission power in different turbulence conditions. The secrecy performance is studied in the presence of CCI at both the authorized relay and eavesdropper, where closed-form expressions are derived for the intercept probability. The physical layer security performance is enhanced using cooperative jamming models, where new closed-form expressions are derived for the intercept probability. Another power allocation optimization problem is formulated to find the optimal transmission and jamming powers. The derived analytical formulas are supported by numerical results to clarify the main contributions of this paper.
Passive Frequency Doubling Antenna Sensor for Wireless Strain Sensing (2012)

This paper presents the design, simulation, and preliminary measurement of a passive (battery-free) frequency doubling antenna sensor for strain sensing. Illuminated by a wireless reader, the sensor consists of three components, i.e. a receiving antenna with resonance frequency f0, a transmitting antenna with resonance frequency 2f0, and a matching network between the receiving and transmitting antennas. A Schottky diode is integrated in the matching network. Exploiting nonlinear circuit behavior of the diode, the matching network is able to generate output signal at doubled frequency of the reader interrogation signal. The output signal is then backscattered to the reader through the sensor-side transmitting antenna. Because the backscattered signal has a doubled frequency, it is easily distinguished by the reader from environmental reflections of original interrogation signal. When one of the sensor-side antennas, say receiving antenna, is bonded to a structure that experiences strain/deformation, resonance frequency of the antenna shifts accordingly. Through wireless interrogation, this resonance frequency shift can be measured by the reader and used to derive strain in the structure. Since operation power of the diode is harvested from the reader interrogation signal, no other power source is needed by the sensor. This means the frequency doubling antenna sensor is wireless and passive. Based on simulation results, strain sensitivity of this novel frequency doubling antenna sensor is around −3.84 kHz/με.
Compositional Dependence of Nonpolar<i>m</i>-Plane In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>N/GaN Light Emitting Diodes (2008)

Characteristics of m-plane InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) with various indium compositions were investigated. X-ray diffraction revealed that indium compositions in the InGaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) on m-plane substrate were 2–3 times lower than those on c-plane substrate. The optical polarization ratio for m-plane LEDs increased from 0.27 to 0.89 with increasing emission wavelength from 383 to 476 nm due to compressively strained InGaN QWs. The output power of electroluminescence decreased above 400 nm although polarization-related internal electric fields were eliminated.
Transient Plastic Phase Processing of Titanium–Boron–Carbon Composites (1993)

Ceramic/ceramic composites in the Ti‐B‐C system were fabricated by a novel process referred to as transient plastic phase processing (TPPP). The basic concept is based on the following reaction: “soft” transient plastic matrix + reactant phase → hard matrix + reinforcement phase where the transient plastic phase is a phase with a wide range of stoichiometry and a yield point that is a strong function of that stoichiometry. The reactant phase is one that will react with the transient phase in such a way so as to shift the composition of the latter toward its harder and more refractory composition. The composite is formed in two stages: In the first, pressure is applied to shape and fully densify the reactants while the transient phase is soft, i.e., before reaction. Once the reactants are densified, the reaction is allowed to proceed, forming a new phase and rendering the matrix more refractory. If the volume change upon reaction is small, then the density of the final compact will remain near theoretical. Using this approach ceramic/ceramic composites in the Ti─B─C system were hotpressed to full density and complex shapes at temperatures as low as 1600°C.