gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANGIOGENESIS IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION: INVOLVEMENT IN INCREASED SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW AND COLLATERALS? (2007)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: angiogenesisportal hypertensionvascular endothelial growth factor
New type of varactor diode having strongly nonlinear C-V characteristics (1977)

A study of a new type of varactor diode which consists of a semiconductor multilayer structure is reported. This varactor diode has much stronger nonlinearity in capacitance variation with applied bias voltage than does the conventional varactor due to the two-dimensional expansion of the depletion region. First, the internal behaviors of this diode are investigated in detail by two-dimensional computer simulation. With the aid of those results, an approximate analytical expression for the voltage dependence of capacitance is derived for the purpose of practical design. Then experimental studies have been performed using Si, which substantiate the theoretical predictions.
Dehydration Reactions in Water. Brønsted Acid−Surfactant-Combined Catalyst for Ester, Ether, Thioether, and Dithioacetal Formation in Water (2002)

Dehydration reactions in water have been realized by a surfactant-type catalyst, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). These reactions include dehydrative esterification, etherification, thioetherification, and dithioacetalization. In these reactions, DBSA and substrates form emulsion droplets whose interior is hydrophobic enough to exclude water molecules generated during the reactions. Detailed studies on the esterification revealed that the yields of esters were affected by temperature, amounts of DBSA used, and the substrates. Esters were obtained in high yields for highly hydrophobic substrates. On the basis of the difference in hydrophobicity of the substrates, unique selective esterification and etherification in water were attained. Furthermore, chemospecific, three-component reactions under DBSA-catalyzed conditions were also found to proceed smoothly. This work not only may lead to environmentally benign systems but also will provide a new aspect of organic chemistry in water.
Experimental study on the feasibility of in-beam PET for accurate monitoring of proton therapy (2005)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the only feasible method for in-situ and noninvasive three-dimensional monitoring of the precision of the treatment in highly conformal ion therapy. Its positive clinical impact has been proven for fractionated carbon ion therapy of head and neck (H&N) tumors at the experimental facility at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany. Following previous promising experiments, the possible extension of the method to the monitoring of proton therapy has been investigated further in extensive in-beam measurements at GSI. Millimeter accuracy for verification of the lateral field position and for the most challenging issue of range monitoring has been demonstrated in monoenergetic and spread-out Bragg-peak (SOBP) proton irradiation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) targets. The irradiation of an inhomogeneous phantom with tissue equivalent inserts in combination with further dynamic analysis has supported the extension of such millimeter precision to real clinical cases, at least in regions of interest for low perfused tissues. All the experimental investigations have been reproduced by the developed modeling rather well. This indicates the possible extraction of valuable clinical information as particle range in-vivo, irradiation field position, and even local deviations from the dose prescription on the basis of the comparison between measured and predicted activity distributions. Hence, the clinical feasibility of in-beam PET for proton therapy monitoring is strongly supported.
From Adiabatic to Dispersive Readout of Quantum Circuits (2020)

Spectral properties of a quantum circuit are efficiently read out by monitoring the resonance frequency shift it induces in a microwave resonator coupled to it. When the two systems are strongly detuned, theory attributes the shift to an effective resonator capacitance or inductance that depends on the quantum circuit state. At small detuning, the shift arises from the exchange of virtual photons, as described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. Here we present a theory bridging these two limits and illustrate, with several examples, its necessity for a general description of quantum circuits readout.
Long-term remission of primary erythermalgia with R1150W polymorphism in SCN9A after chemical lumbar sympathectomy. (2011)

Primary erythermalgia (PEM) is recalcitrant and long-term remission is difficult to achieve. Favorable results of treatment using carbamazepine or mexiletine have been identified in some PEM patients with SCN9A gene mutations. However, no therapeutic studies regarding patients without pathogenic SCN9A gene mutation have been reported. Here we present a PEM case with R1150W polymorphism in SCN9A and a five-year remission was achieved by chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS). A 15-year-old girl with severe PEM attacks in both feet and lower legs was treated with CLS and followed up for five years. The encoding exons and their flanking sequences in the SCN9A gene were amplified and sequenced. A 50% immediate pain reduction was achieved after CLS. Burning pain, erythema and swelling in the lower legs disappeared in four days, and all ulceration healed in a month. The patient resumed normal exercise five months after CLS. There were no relapses in the following five years. R1150W polymorphism in SCN9A was detected in the patient and her healthy father. Long-term remission was achieved after CLS in this PEM case with R1150W polymorphism in SCN9A. The effectiveness of CLS and phenotype/genotype of PEM should be further studied in larger samples.
Genetic Variation of Kallikrein-Kinin System and Related Genes in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema (2019)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by C1-INH deficiency due to mutations in <i>SERPING1</i> (C1-INH-HAE) in most of the cases, or by specific mutations in factor XII gene, <i>F12</i> (F12-HAE). Identification of polymorphisms in the genes encoding proteins from key pathways driving HAE can help to understand how genetic diversity contributes to its phenotypic variability. Here, 15 genes related to the Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS) were analyzed by next generation sequencing in 59 patients with C1-INH-HAE or F12-HAE from Brazil, Denmark and Spain, and 19 healthy relatives in a total of 31 families. We identified 211 variants, from which 23 occurred only in Danish subjects and 79 were found only in Brazilian individuals, resulting in 109/211 variations in common between European and Brazilian population in the HAE families analyzed. <i>BDKRB2</i> and CPM presented a large number of variants in untranslated regions, 46/49 and 19/24, respectively; whereas <i>ACE</i> (<i>n</i> = 26), <i>SERPING1</i> (<i>n</i> = 26), <i>CPM</i> (<i>n</i> = 24), and <i>NOS3</i> (<i>n</i> = 16) genes presented the higher number of variants directly affecting amino acid sequence. Despite the large amount of variants identified, the lack of association between genotype and phenotype indicates that the modulation of HAE symptom requires a more complex regulation, probably involving pathways beyond the KKS, epigenetics and environmental factors. Considering the new HAE types recently described, molecules involved in the regulation of vasculature and in plasminogen activation become promising targets for future genetic studies.
Socially assistive robotics [Grand Challenges of Robotics] (2007)

Socially intelligent robotics is the pursuit of creating robots capable of exhibiting natural-appearing social qualities. Beyond the basic capabilities of moving and acting autonomously, the field has focused on the use of the robot's physical embodiment to communicate and interact with users in a social and engaging manner. One of its components, socially assistive robotics, focuses on helping human users through social rather than physical interaction. Early results already demonstrate the promises of socially assistive robotics, a new interdisciplinary research area with large horizons of fascinating and much needed research. Even as socially assistive robotic technology is still in its early stages of development, the next decade promises systems that will be used in hospitals, schools, and homes in therapeutic programs that monitor, encourage, and assist their users. This is an important time in the development of the field, when the board technical community and the beneficiary populations must work together to shape the field toward its intended impact on improved human quality of life
A micromachined silicon capacitive temperature sensor for wide temperature range applications (2010)

A micromachined capacitive temperature sensor is designed and fabricated based on a multilayer cantilever. The top and bottom layers of the cantilever are Al and Si, respectively, which also serve as electrodes of the sensing capacitor. A composite Si3N4/SiO2 layer, a dielectric layer, is sandwiched between the top and bottom electrodes. The cantilever thermal response is due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients for the Al, Si3N4/SiO2 and silicon materials. With the effect of strain on the dielectric property as well as the geometry impact on the capacitance, the temperature variation is sensed and translated to an electrical capacitance change. The mechanical characteristics of the sensor are theoretically analyzed with the extension of Timoshenko's bilayer strip model. The sensor was fabricated with the silicon-on-insulator substrate. Experimental results show that the sensor provides a sensitivity of 7 fF °C−1 in the −70 to 100 °C range. This makes it suitable to serve as a temperature sensor for low power and wide temperature range applications.
Anti‐Endometriotic Effects of Pueraria Flower Extract  in Human Endometriotic Cells and Mice (2017)

Pueraria flowers have been used as a vegetable and an ingredient for tea and jelly. In this study, we investigated the effects of Pueraria flower extract (PFE) on endometriosis, a common gynaecological disease characterised by local sterile inflammation of peritoneal cavity. PFE suppressed the adhesion of human endometriotic cells 11Z and 12Z to human mesothelial Met5A cells. In addition, PFE significantly inhibited the migration of 11Z and 12Z cells as shown by woundhealing and transwell migration assays. PFE reduced the protein and mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in endometriotic cells. Moreover, extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK)1/2 was activated by PFE treatment, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, significantly inhibited PFE-inhibited cell migration in endometriotic cells. Furthermore, PFE significantly suppressed endometriotic lesion formation in a mouse model. These data suggest that Pueraria flower is a potential anti-endometriotic agent for the inhibition of endometriotic cell adhesion, migration, and MMP expression.
A 90nm CMOS highly linear clock bootstrapped RF sampler operating at wide frequency range of 0.5GHz to 5GHz (2009)

This paper reports a highly linear RF sampler with wide operating frequency range and power supply range. A clock bootstrapping circuit is proposed to decrease both the on-resistance and off-leakage of advanced MOSFETs while considering the device reliability. The proposed RF sampler circuit has been implemented in 90 nm CMOS process, and excellent IIP3 has been obtained at wide frequency range up to 5 GHz and 2 GHz when the power supply is 1.2 V and 0.5 V, respectively.
Early Age Properties of Low-calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Suitable for Ambient Curing (2015)

Geopolymer is a promising alternative binder to Portland cement. It is produced mostly from by-product materials such as fly ash and blast furnace slag; hence recognised as a low-emission alternative binder for concrete. Recent studies have shown that the properties of geopolymers are similar or superior to those of the OPC binder that is traditionally used for concrete. Most of the previous studies employed heat curing for setting and hardening of fly ash geopolymer mixtures. Heat curing process requires special arrangements which is energy-consuming and may not be feasible to apply in cast-in-situ concreting. Therefore, development of geopolymer mixtures suitable for curing at normal temperature will widen its application. This paper presents a study on low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete cured in ambient temperature (23oC) without additional heat. Small amount of additives were added with fly ash to accelerate the early-age reaction. Setting times of geopolymer pastes, and workability and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar were studied. The effects of the additives and binder content in the mixtures were determined from experimental results. The results show that inclusion of additives with fly ash significantly enhanced the early age properties. Setting time reduced to reasonable values and compressive strength increased to enable early de-moulding of specimens. Compressive strength increased with the increase of binder content. However, workability results showed an optimum binder content for the fly ash geopolymer blended with the additives. The results suggest that suitable geopolymer mixtures can be designed for ambient curing with low calcium fly ash and the additives as partial replacement.
Self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 16 capsids by expression of the L1 protein in insect cells (1994)

The L1 major protein of human papillomavirus type 16 was expressed in Sf-21 insect cells with a recombinant baculovirus vector. Virus-like particles similar in appearance to empty verions were identified by electron microscoy at densities of 1.29–1.30. Purified particles reacted with monoclonal anti-HPV-16-L1 antibody in Western blot and immuno dot blot suggesting that conformational epitopes are present in the recombinant particles. Immunodot blot assays using human sera correlated with the detection of HPV-16 DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The results suggest that HPV-16-L1 virions produced by the baculovirus system might be useful for developing serologic tests to measure antibodies to conformational epitopes and may offer potential for vaccine development.
Pultruded fiber-reinforced polyurethane-toughened phenolic resin. II. Mechanical properties, thermal properties, and flame resistance (1996)

A novel process has been developed to toughen phenolic resin by polyurethane for fiber-reinforced pultruded composites. The mechanical properties of the composites (tensile strength, flexural strength, and notched Izod impact strength) approach maximum values at 10 wt% of the blocked polyurethane content. The fabricated composites show good mechanical properties and possess low void fraction. Notched Izod impact strength of the composite (with 5 wt% polyurethane content) increases by more than 30% compared to the virgin composite. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the temperature for the 5% weight loss of the phenolic/polyurethane copolymer decreases with the increasing of the polyurethane content; however, the thermal degradation temperature is still higher than 350°C. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC) showed that the onset point of copolymer is 20°C higher than that of the virgin one. The presence of the blocked polyurethane may hinder the polymerization of phenolic resin. The modified composite shows excellent dimensional stability. The copolymer composite also possesses good fire resistance. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Camera interface method in mobile handset and its performance comparison (2007)

As 3G became the general tendency of mobile industry, new mobile handsets are challenged to show more and more functions. In order to process high-resolution images, the high-speed data transfer technology that was originally used in communication system or server system started to be adopted in mobile handsets. It is the purpose of this paper to describe and compare some technologies for highspeed data transfer between camera and ISP(Image Signal Processor) focusing on specifications in the PHY layer, after going over the structural features of the mobile handsets. Most of these technologies are based on serial interface and they show excellence in terms of power, bandwidth and EMI in comparison to the conventional parallel interface based on the LVCMOS technology. In order to verify this fact, this paper presents a comparison of the SMIA interfaced camera module which represents the serial interface (as an example of the subLVDS technology) and the parallel interfaced camera module which represents the parallel interface (as an example of a general LVCMOS technology).
Wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by <i> <scp>P</scp> uccinia striiformis </i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (2013)

Stripe rust appears as a mass of yellow to orange urediniospores erupting from pustules arranged in long, narrow stripes on leaves (usually between veins), leaf sheaths, glumes and awns on susceptible plants. Resistant wheat cultivars are characterized by various infection types from no visual symptoms to small hypersensitive flecks to uredinia surrounded by chlorosis or necrosis with restricted urediniospore production. On seedlings, uredinia produced by the infection of a single urediniospore are not confined by leaf veins, but progressively emerge from the infection site in all directions, potentially covering the entire leaf surface. Individual uredinial pustules are oblong, 0.4-0.7 mm in length and 0.1 mm in width. Urediniospores are broadly ellipsoidal to broadly obovoid, (16-)18-30(-32) × (15-)17-27(-28) μm, with a mean of 24.5 × 21.6 μm, yellow to orange in colour, echinulate, and with 6-18 scattered germ pores. Urediniospores can germinate rapidly when free moisture (rain or dew) occurs on leaf surfaces and when the temperatures range is between 7 and 12 °C. At higher temperatures or during the later growing stages of the host, black telia are often produced, which are pulvinate to oblong, 0.2-0.7 mm in length and 0.1 mm in width. The teliospores are predominantly two-celled, dark brown with thick walls, mostly oblong-clavate, (24-)31-56(-65) × (11-)14-25(-29) μm in length and width, and rounded or flattened at the apex.
Skin wrinkling morphology changes suddenly in the early 30s (2012)

A new skin measurement system was developed to validate our theory of wrinkle formation mechanism with aging. The results demonstrated the wrinkling morphology changes suddenly at early 30s.
Slow acetylator genotype of N-acetyl transferase2 (NAT2) is associated with increased susceptibility to gallbladder cancer; The cancer risk not modulated by gallstone disease (2007)

This study comprised 124 consecutive cases of proven GBC and 147 healthy controls. NAT2 polymorphisms were carried out using PCR-RFLP method. The NAT2 slow acetylator genotype was significantly associated with risk of GBC (OR 3.4, 95% CI =1.9-5.7 p = 0.000007). The NAT2 2*6 and 2*7 allele frequencies were higher in GBC and conferred significant risk of cancer (OR 1.9, 95% Cl = 1.2-2.9, p= 0.006; OR, 2.9, 95% Cl = 1.6-5.2, p = 0.0001). The haplotypes 2, 1, 1 and 1, 2, 1 were significantly higher (OR 3.7 95% Cl 2.1-7.0, p = 0.00001; OR 1.8 95% Cl =1.1-2.8, p = 0.008) in GBC. The risk of slow acetylator phenotype in GBC patients with or without gallstones was similar. These results suggest that NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype influences the susceptibility of gallbladder cancer and the risk is not modulated by gallstone disease.
Design of sytems with concurrent error detection using software redundancy (1986)

Self-checking programming is a system level concurrent error detection technique. This approach achieves error detection by introducing software redundancy in the form of executable assertion into the program to check the correct operation of the system during its execution. Both hardware and software faults that affect the specified behavior of the program therefore can be detected.
This thesis deals with a theoretical and experimental study of the scheme of self-checking programming. It addresses three issues. First, it deals with the design issues of self-checking programs. Two approaches are presented. The first approach derives the assertions from the text of the program design based on a set of formal transformation rules. The second approach employs data encoding schemes in which the program is designed to process information encoded in some error detecting code, and error detection is performed by observing the program coded output. Examples are given to illustrate the application of these techniques.
The second part deals with the development of a technique which can be used to analyze the error coverage of the proposed concurrent error detection scheme. The technique is essentially a fault simulation method. Simulated faults are introduced into the program at various levels (target programming language level or assembly language level) to produce mutant programs. These mutants are then executed to measure the ability of the set of assertions to distinguish the program from its mutants. This strategy is used in the experiments to study the effectiveness of five sample self-checking programs that include a navigation program of about 1000 lines of code. The results show that self-checking programming is an inexpensive and effective approach to provide concurrent error detection.
The automation issues are addressed in the last part of the thesis. The application of automated reasoning techniques to the problem of self-checking program design is discussed. A knowledge base is employed to support the understanding of the program design. The knowledge that includes programming knowledge and domain knowledge is presented in clause form in the Knowledge Base. A program design is also stored internally as clauses, and the assertions are derived by applying logic resolution and demodulation to these clauses.
ShadowNet: a platform for rapid and safe network evolution (2009)

The ability to rapidly deploy new network services, service features and operational tools, without impacting existing services, is a significant challenge for all service providers. In this paper we address this problem by the introduction of a platform called ShadowNet. ShadowNet exploits the strong separation provided by modern computing and network equipment between logical functionality and physical infrastructure. It allows logical topologies of computing servers, network equipment and links to be dynamically created, and then instantiated to and managed on the physical infrastructure. ShadowNet is a sharable, programmable and composable infrastructure, consisting of carrier-grade equipment. Furthermore, it is a fully operational network that is connected to, but functionally separate from the provider production network. By exploiting the strong separation support, ShadowNet allows multiple technology and service trials to be executed in parallel in a realistic operational setting, without impacting the productionnetwork.Inthispaper,wedescribe the ShadowNet architecture and the control framework designed for its operation and illustrate the utility of the platform. We present our prototype implementation and demonstrate the effectiveness of the platform through extensive evaluation. 1
Fabrication of TiO<sub>2</sub> Arrays Using Solvent-Assisted Soft Lithography (2009)

We present a simple solvent-assisted soft lithography method to fabricate titania (TiO(2)) patterns. The dimensions of the TiO(2) features can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the solution, the solvent evaporation duration, and temperature. This method may provide a facile route for fabricating large area patterns of metal oxide.