gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heavily Isotype-Dependent Protective Activities of Human Antibodies against Vaccinia Virus Extracellular Virion Antigen B5 (2009)

Antibodies against the extracellular virion (EV or EEV) form of vaccinia virus are an important component of protective immunity in animal models and likely contribute to the protection of immunized humans against poxviruses. Using fully human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we now have shown that the protective attributes of the human anti-B5 antibody response to the smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus) are heavily dependent on effector functions. By switching Fc domains of a single MAb, we have definitively shown that neutralization in vitro--and protection in vivo in a mouse model--by the human anti-B5 immunoglobulin G MAbs is isotype dependent, thereby demonstrating that efficient protection by these antibodies is not simply dependent on binding an appropriate vaccinia virion antigen with high affinity but in fact requires antibody effector function. The complement components C3 and C1q, but not C5, were required for neutralization. We also have demonstrated that human MAbs against B5 can potently direct complement-dependent cytotoxicity of vaccinia virus-infected cells. Each of these results was then extended to the polyclonal human antibody response to the smallpox vaccine. A model is proposed to explain the mechanism of EV neutralization. Altogether these findings enhance our understanding of the central protective activities of smallpox vaccine-elicited antibodies in immunized humans.
Detection of Antibodies against Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1983)

A microplate indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was consistently more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescent-antibody tests. Limits of antibody detection were comparable to those obtained in virus neutralizations. Detection of REV-infected chickens long after infection and after immunofluorescent antibody has waned makes ELISA especially suitable for screening chicken flocks.
Pre-Blurred Spatial Sampling can Lead to Hyperacuity (2009)

While it may be counterintuitive to some, pre-blurring an image prior to spatial sampling can result in an increased ability to localize certain image features or to detect minute motions of such features. This does not produce better acuity in the traditional sense (e.g., the ability to resolve line pairs), but for certain classes of applications this technique can be quite useful and the resulting effect has, for better or for worse, been given the name "hyperacuity" in the literature. While observations of hyperacuity in animal vision tests have been reported in various journals, a signal processing based explanation of the effect has been lacking. In this paper, we explain how, in the process of developing a biomimetic imaging sensor based on the compound eye of the common housefly (Musca domestica), we have been able to mathematically model and explain in well-known signal processing terms how this hyperacuity effect comes about.
Ultralarge Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide by Spontaneous Superacid Nanolayer Formation (2021)

Due to the direct band gap nature, extensive studies have been conducted to improve the optical behavior in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a formula of MX<sub>2</sub> (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te). One of the strongest modulating agents of optical behavior is a molecular superacid treatment; however, the chemical event has not been unveiled. Also, the engineering protocol for keeping the treatment is immature. In this work, we systematically study the superacid treatment procedures on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) and propose that the interaction, a hydrophilic interaction, between the superacid molecule and MoS<sub>2</sub> surface would be critical. As a result of the interaction, the superacid molecules spontaneously form an acidic layer with the thickness of several nanometers on the surface. The power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement indicates the edge of MoS<sub>2</sub> flake is more effective and electronically modulated by the treatment. By understanding the superacid nanolayer formation by the treatment, we succeeded in maintaining the ultrastrong PL in the superacid-treated MoS<sub>2</sub> for more than 30 days in the ambient air by encapsulation with transparent organic polymers. This study advances the understanding and designing applications of strong luminescent properties in the superacid-treated TMDCs and paves the way toward engineering exciton dynamics and an experimental platform for treating multibody states.
Liver tests and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from <scp>DAPA‐HF</scp> (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036124.
On the Statistics of Spectral Amplitudes After Variance Reduction by Temporal Cepstrum Smoothing and Cepstral Nulling (2009)

In this paper, we derive the signal power bias that arises when spectral amplitudes are smoothed by reducing their variance in the cepstral domain (often referred to as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cepstral smoothing</i> ) and develop a power bias compensation method. We show that if chi-distributed spectral amplitudes are smoothed in the cepstral domain, the resulting smoothed spectral amplitudes are also approximately chi-distributed but with more degrees of freedom and less signal power. The key finding for the proposed power bias compensation method is that the degrees of freedom of chi-distributed spectral amplitudes are directly related to their average cepstral variance. Furthermore, this work gives new insights into the statistics of the cepstral coefficients derived from chi-distributed spectral amplitudes using tapered spectral analysis windows. We derive explicit expressions for the variance and covariance of correlated chi-distributed spectral amplitudes and the resulting cepstral coefficients, parameterized by the degrees of freedom. The results in this work allow for a cepstral smoothing of spectral quantities without affecting their signal power. As we assume the parameterized chi-distribution for the spectral amplitudes, the results hold for Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and sub-Gaussian distributed complex spectral coefficients. The proposed bias compensation method is computationally inexpensive and shown to work very well for white and colored signals, as well as for rectangular and tapered spectral analysis windows.
Video transcoding architectures and techniques: an overview (2003)

Throughout this article, we concentrate on the transcoding of block-based video coding schemes that use hybrid discrete cosine transform (DCT) and motion compensation (MC). In such schemes, the frames of the video sequence are divided into macroblocks (MBs), where each MB typically consists of a luminance block (e.g., of size 16 × 16, or alternatively, four 8 × 8 blocks) along with corresponding chrominance blocks (e.g., 8 × 8 Cb and 8 × 8 Cr). This article emphasizes the processing that is done on the luminance components of the video. In general, the chrominance components can be handled similarly and will not be discussed in this article. We first provide an overview of the techniques used for bit-rate reduction and the corresponding architectures that have been proposed. Then, we describe the advances regarding spatial and temporal resolution reduction techniques and architectures. Additionally, an overview of error resilient transcoding is also provided, as well as a discussion of scalable coding techniques and how they relate to video transcoding. Finally, the article ends with concluding remarks, including pointers to other works on video transcoding that have not been covered in this article, as well as some future directions.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Display a Risk and Senescence-Dependent MicroRNA (miRNA) Signature. (2006)

Abstract MDS comprise a spectrum of senescence-dependent stem cell malignancies with cytogenetic abnormalities characterized by segmental or numerical chromosome deletion or duplication. Accumulation of genetic events with age has been implicated in MDS pathogenesis. MiRNAs are short non-coding double-stranded RNAs that regulate the posttranscriptional gene expression. Expression profiling has shown that miRNA signatures are tumor specific and may have a role in leukemia pathogenesis. We hypothesized that altered regulation of miRNA expression in hematopoietic progenitors plays a critical role in the physiology of hematopoietic senescence and in MDS pathogenesis. To this end, we compared the miRNA microarray profile of MDS BM-MNC with normal controls, and validated differences by Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR. Twenty MDS patients (10 IPSS Low or Int-1 risk [LR], 10 Int-2 and high risk [HR]) and 20 normal controls (NC) (10 younger, ages 18–35 years [YC] and 10 older >70 years [OC]) were investigated. Total RNA was extracted and 5 mg were labeled with biotin and used for microarray analysis on a miRNA chip (OSUCC 3rd generation). Arrays were normalized with Cyclic Loess (Bioconductor). Statistical comparisons were made using the Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) Excel plugin. MiRNA predictors and 10-fold cross-validation were computed with use of Prediction Analysis of Microarray (PAM). Fifty-six miRNAs were up-regulated and 8 down-regulated in HR MDS vs. LR MDS with a >2 fold change and q value <0.01 (false positive rate) indicating that miRNA over-expression is a common event in MDS and possibly implicated in disease progression. Results of PAM (predictor analysis of microarray) revealed that HR MDS and LR MDS could be segregated by miRNA profile. A signature consisting of seven up-regulated miRNAs correctly discriminated between HR and LR groups with a misclassification error of 0 (10-fold CV). All seven miRNAs in this signature belong to the miR-181 family, which play key roles in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, our studies show divergent miRNA profiles between HR MDS and normal controls (NC), with 117 up-regulated miRNAs and 12 downregulated in HR MDS (>2-fold change, q<0.01). A miRNA signature consisting of 15 up-regulated miRNAs correctly discriminates these two groups with a misclassification error of 0 (threshold of 4.6). LR MDS and NC samples had greater similarity and a larger number of miRNAs was needed for discrimination with misclassification error of 11.4%. Similar data were obtained in comparisons of OC with YC; however, several members of let-7 miRNA family implicated in the down-regulation of RAS were consistently down-regulated in OC. We conclude that miRNA up-regulation is a frequent event in MDS. Up-regulation of miR-181 is sufficient to discriminate between HR and LR disease. Down-regulation of let-7 miRNA with age suggests a possible role in age-related predisposition to myeloid malignancy.
Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)

A neutral droplet elongates along the axis of a strong electric field, ejecting opposing jets of positively and negatively charged progeny droplets. Images of droplets from a vibrating orifice aerosol generator illustrate this phenomenon, and mass spectrometric sampling of the progeny droplets demonstrates that they are a viable source of desolvated gas-phase ions. Field-induced droplet ionization (FIDI) mass spectra are presented for several species, including tetraheptylammonium cation, deprotonated benzene tetracarboxylic acid anion, and multiply protonated cytochrome c.
Effect of Glycosylation Modification (N-Q-<sup>108</sup>I → N-Q-<sup>108</sup>T) on the Freezing Stability of Recombinant Chicken Cystatin Overexpressed in <i>Pichia</i> <i>pastoris</i> X-33 (2002)

The cDNAs encoding chicken cystatin and its N-glycosylation-modified mutant (Asn(106)-Ile(108)-->Asn(106)-Thr(108)) were cloned into the pGAPZ alpha C expression vector, using the GAP as promoter and Zeocin as resistant agent, and transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 expression host. The effect of N-glycosylation on the stability of recombinant chicken cystatin was investigated. A large quantity of recombinant chicken cystatin and the Asn(106)-glycosylated cystatins were expressed and secreted into broth using alpha-factor preprosequence. The K(i) of the recombinant chicken cystatin (0.08 nM) was similar to that of wild-type chicken cystatin (0.05 nM). They acted as a competitive inhibition reaction against papain. According to the K(i), the inhibition ability of Asn(106)-glycosylated mutant cystatin (K(i) = 9.5 nM) was weaker than that of the wild-type one. However, N-glycosylation at Asn(106) substantially enhanced the freezing stability of recombinant chicken cystatin overexpressed in P. pastoris.
An Actively Detuned Wireless Power Receiver With Public Key Cryptographic Authentication and Dynamic Power Allocation (2017)

This paper presents a CMOS resonant wireless charging receiver with an active detuning mechanism for controlling the received power, without using any passive components being switched in and out. This detuning mechanism is first combined with an on-chip elliptic curve accelerator that achieves 0.77-μJ/elliptic curve scalar multiplication and in-band telemetry for authenticating a wireless charger using elliptic curve cryptography, with up to 16× rejection at the output of the receiver. Second, equitable power distribution between two receivers coupled to the same charger is demonstrated by controlled detuning of the closer receiver. The system can overcome up to a 4:1 asymmetry in distance to the charger between two receivers. Implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS, the receiver IC delivers 520-mW peak output power and 74% peak end-to-end efficiency in the tuned mode.
Abstract 1556: α-mannosylceramide, a new NKT cell agonist, induces tumor immunity without anergy induction in NKT cells (2012)

Abstract NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells recognizing lipid antigens. When NKT cells are activated with a prototypic antigen, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), they induce strong tumor immunity. Strong preclinical evidence for α-GalCer's ability to induce tumor immunity through NKT cell-activation led to translation into therapy of cancer patients. However, so far minimal success has been achieved in patients. We reasoned that having an α-linked sugar moiety in the structure of α-GalCer can be a target for anti-α-linked galactose natural antibodies, which are a cause of acute xenograft rejection, and which might abrogate the biological activity of α-GalCer. After testing multiple glycosylceramides with potential agonistic activity for NKT cells, we discovered that α-mannosylceramide (α-ManCer) has strong activity to induce tumor immunity through a TNF-α- and NOS-dependent mechanism that is distinct from the IFN-γ dependent protection induced by α-GalCer. Another downside of α-GalCer treatment is induction of long-lasting anergy in activated NKT cells. Since we did not observe massive cytokine production with α-ManCer, in contrast to α-GalCer, we asked whether this new compound activates NKT cells without inducing long-lasting anergy in vivo. In contrast to α-GalCer, α-ManCer did not induce long-lasting anergy of activated NKT cells. This was correlated with the observation that α-ManCer induced only a short term expression of PD-1 on activated NKT cells, which has been reported to be responsible for α-GalCer-induced long-term anergy. Furthermore, while prior treatment with α-GalCer abrogated the protective effect of either α-GalCer or α-ManCer against CT26 colon carcinoma tumor challenge for at least two months, the pre-treatment with α-ManCer had no effect on the protection induced by either NKT cell agonist. Since α-ManCer can activate human NKT cells, this new NKT cell agonist may provide a better opportunity for NKT cell targeted immunotherapy in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1556. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1556
Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of blood flow and tissue perfusion employing 2H2O as a freely diffusible tracer. (1987)

The use of deuterium oxide (2H2O) is proposed as a freely diffusible nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) blood flow and tissue perfusion tracer of potential clinical utility. Deuterium is a stable, nonradiative isotope commercially available as 2H2O at enrichment levels of essentially 100%--i.e., 110 molar equivalent deuterium. This high concentration, together with the short relaxation time of the spin 1 (quadrupole) deuterium nuclide, provides substantial sensitivity for NMR spectroscopy. As a result, when 2H2O is administered in a bolus fashion to a specific tissue or organ in vivo, the deuterium NMR intensity time course can be analyzed, using mathematical models developed by others for radiolabeled tracers, to measure the rate of blood flow and tissue perfusion. Such an application is demonstrated herein at a static magnetic field of 8.5 tesla. Using single-compartment flow modeling, hepatic blood flow and tissue perfusion in fasted (18 hr) male Sprague-Dawley rats was determined to be 61 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) ml/100 g per min (n = 5).
Extracellular polysaccharides produced by acetic acid bacteria. Part I. Isolation and characterization of a new polysaccharide-producing Acetobacter sp. (1984)

Seven strains of acetic acid bacteria which can produce a new type of extracellular soluble polysaccharide were isolated from vinegar mash. All of the strains were classified into the genus Acetobacter. The polysaccharide was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid in an approximate molar ratio of 6:2:1:1. Sugar components and their ratios were found to be independent of the carbon source used for cultures. We also found that the polysaccharide was produced by Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. estunensis IFO 13751 and "Gluconobacter capsulatus" IAM 1813 in shaking cultures although only in very small amounts.
Using Gene Expression Profiling to Differentiate Benign <b> <i>versus</i> </b> Malignant Thyroid Tumors (2004)

DNA microarrays allow quick and complete evaluation of a cell's transcriptional activity. Expression genomics is very powerful in that it can generate expression data for a large number of genes simultaneously across multiple samples. In cancer research, an intriguing application of expression arrays includes assessing the molecular components of the neoplastic process and utilizing the data for cancer classification (Miller LD, et al. Cancer Cell 2002;2:353-61). Classification of human cancers into distinct groups based on their molecular profile rather than their histological appearance may prove to be more relevant to specific cancer diagnoses and cancer treatment regimes. Several attempts to formulate a consensus about classification and treatment of thyroid carcinoma based on standard histopathological analysis have resulted in published guidelines for diagnosis and initial disease management (Sherman SI. Lancet 2003;361:501-11). In the past few decades, no improvement has been made in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors by fine needle aspiration biopsy, specifically suspicious or indeterminate thyroid lesions, suggesting that a new approach to this should be explored. Therefore, in this study, we developed a gene expression approach to diagnose benign versus malignant thyroid lesions in 73 patients with thyroid tumors. We successfully built a 10 and 6 gene model able to differentiate benign versus malignant thyroid tumors. Our results support the premise that a molecular classification system for thyroid tumors is possible, and this in turn may provide a more accurate diagnostic tool for the clinician managing patients with suspicious thyroid lesions.
Generation of Vector Partially Coherent Optical Sources Using Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulators (2016)

Partially coherent beams (PCBs) of light can be highly directional, as from lasers, yet resistant to speckle and scintillation, as from LEDs. Generating PCBs with separate optical components for beam shaping and spatial coherence is complicated, and fundamentally limited. The authors control both shape and coherence using liquid-crystal spatial light modulators, and can produce two different classes of PCBs using the same simple optical setup. This work is immediately applicable in such diverse fields as medicine, directed energy, free-space optical communication, and manufacturing.
New permethyl-substituted .beta.-cyclodextrin polysiloxanes for use as chiral stationary phases in open tubular column chromatography (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew permethyl-substituted .beta.-cyclodextrin polysiloxanes for use as chiral stationary phases in open tubular column chromatographyGuoliang Yi, Jerald S. Bradshaw, Bryant E. Rossiter, Abdul Malik, Wenbao Li, Patrik Petersson, Karin E. Markides, and Milton L. LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 18, 4844–4850Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00070a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00070a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Prostanoid Synthesis: A Model Study. (1986)

Abstract Die Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit Phenylhydroxylamin (II) über die Nitron‐ Zwischenstufen (III) in einer intramolekularen Nitron‐Alken‐Cycloaddition zu den bicyclischen Isoxazolidinen (IV) und (V), deren hydrierende Ringspaltung zu den Prostaglandin‐Analogen (VI) und (VII) führt.