gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscosity measurements of thin polymer films from reflow of spatially modulated nanoimprinted patterns (2011)

We present a method to measure the viscosity of polymer thin films. The material is spin coated onto a silicon substrate and specially designed nanopatterns are imprinted on the film using thermal nanoimprint. A brief reflow is performed during which patterns flow under surface tension. Spectral densities of the topology before and after annealing are compared and the rheologic properties, such as viscosity, are extracted as fitting parameters of an evolution model. Contrary to previous similar approaches, emphasis was put on the spatial description rather than the temporal decay of the patterns. We used this method to measure the viscosity of polystyrene for two molecular weights at various temperatures and successfully recovered results of previous authors.
Structure of Thrombopoietin and the Thrombopoietin Gene (1997)

The cloning of thrombopoietin (TPO) has been a significant advance for several fields of scientific inquiry. In addition to enabling the production of recombinant TPO, the cloning of TPO cDNA also facilitates examination of TPO itself, a hemopoietic cytokine with unique structural features. Furthermore, the cloning of the TPO gene enables analysis of the mechanisms by which TPO activity is controlled and homeostasis of the platelet is maintained. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the structure of TPO and the TPO gene.
<title>Self-authentication of value documents</title> (1998)

To prevent fraud it is critical to distinguish an authentic document from a counterfeit or altered document. Most current technologies rely on difficult-to-print human detectable features which are added to a document to prevent illegal reproduction. Fraud detection is mostly accomplished by human observation and is based upon the examiner's knowledge, experience and time allotted for examination of a document. Another approach to increasing the security of a value document is to add a unique property to each document. Data about that property is then encoded on the document itself and finally secured using a public key based digital signature. In such a scheme, machine readability of authenticity is possible. This paper describes a patent-applied-for methodology using the unique property of magnetic ink printing, magnetic remanence, that provides for full self- authentication when used with a recordable magnetic stripe for storing a digital signature and other document data. Traditionally the authenticity of a document is determined by physical examination for color, background printing, paper texture, printing resolution, and ink characteristics. On an initial level, there may be numerous security features present on a value document but only a few can be detected and evaluated by the untrained individual. Because security features are normally not standardized except on currency, training tellers and cashiers to do extensive security evaluation is not practical, even though these people are often the only people who get a chance to closely examine the document in a payment system which is back-end automated. In the context of this paper, one should be thinking about value documents such as commercial and personal checks although the concepts presented here can easily be applied to travelers cheques, credit cards, event tickets, passports, driver's licenses, motor vehicle titles, and even currency. For a practical self-authentication system, the false alarms should be less than 1% on the first read pass. Causes of false alarms could be the lack of robustness of the taggant discrimination algorithm, excessive document skew as it is being read, or errors in reading the recordable stripe. The false alarm rate is readily tested by reading the magnetic tags and digitally signing documents in one reader and performing authentication in at least two other reading devices. When reading the same check in the same reader where signed, the error metric is typically in the range of 0.0600. When comparing different checks in different readers, the error metric generally reports values in the range of 0.3930. It is clear from tests to date that the taggant patterns are randomly different for checks even when printed serially one after another using the same printing process. Testing results to date on the robustness of the taggant comparison and discrimination algorithms indicate that it is probable that low false alarms and very low false accept rates will be achieved.
A Novel pH‐Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent (1999)

A tetrasubstituted derivative of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane with amide coordinating groups and extended noncoordinating phosphonate groups forms a complex with gadolinium(III) (shown in the picture) which contains one slowly exchanging inner-sphere water molecule (tau(M)=21 µs). The 20-MHz water proton relaxivity of the complex was found to be highly pH dependent. Protonation of the noncoordinating phosphonate groups appears to catalyze prototropic exchange of the bound water protons, thereby providing a mechanism for enhanced water contrast below pH 7.
p21‐<i>ras</i>‐peptide‐specific T‐cell responses in a patient with colorectal cancer. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells recognize a peptide corresponding to a common mutation (13Gly → Asp) (1994)

Peptides derived from mutated ras are immunogenic in mice and humans, and represent a group of specific tumor antigens that are potential targets for immunotherapy. T-cell responses against mutant p21 ras can be initiated in vitro by repeated stimulation of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells with mutant ras-derived peptides. Patients with tumors commonly harbouring ras mutations may therefore show evidence of in vivo reactivity against such mutations. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were screened for reactivity against synthetic ras-derived peptides corresponding to the most commonly found mutations in this type of cancer. In one patient, T-cell reactivity against the 1-25,13Gly-->Asp peptide was detected. From this patient, both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones specific for the 1-25,13Gly-->Asp mutation could be raised. We were not, however, able to detect the corresponding mutation in the cancer. The 13Gly-->Asp mutation in the ras oncogene is frequent and constitutes 9 to 27% of all K ras mutations found in biopsies from patients with colorectal carcinomas. Our study demonstrates a mutant ras-specific T-cell response of both the CD4+ and the CD8+ phenotype in a cancer patient. We speculate that in this patient a specific T-cell response resulted in eradication of tumor cells harboring the 13Gly-->Asp mutation.
Surfactant Selection Criteria for Enhanced Subsurface Remediation (1999)

Successful implementation of surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation requires careful consideration of fundamental surfactant properties, as highlighted in this chapter. The economic viability of this technology requires targeting the residual contamination, minimizing surfactant losses, and recovery and reuse of the surfactant, as discussed in this chapter. The relative efficiencies and advantages of surfactant solubilization and mobilization systems are described, as well as means to optimize these systems. Unit processes for contaminant-surfactant separation and surfactant reuse are summarized, along with unique surfactant impacts on these separation processes. Finally, factors affecting the environmental acceptability of surfactants are discussed. This chapter thus provides an introduction to surfactant chemistry and highlights key factors critical to the successful design and implementation of surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation systems.
The NEMO P2P service orchestration framework (2004)

NEMO (Networked Environment for Media Orchestration) is a policy managed, peer-to-peer, service orchestration framework that supports the formation of grass roots, self organizing service networks that can enable rich media experiences. We describe some of the interesting features of the NEMO architecture, and some experimental applications. Services are distributed across peer-to-peer communicating nodes. Each node provides message routing and orchestration using a message pump and workflow collator designed specifically for NEMO. Distributed policy management of service interfaces helps to provide trust and security, supporting commercial exchange of value. P2P messaging and workflow collation allow rich services to be dynamically created from a heterogeneous set of primitive services. We examine the possibilities of P2P computing when the shared resources are services of many different types, using different service interface bindings beyond those typically supported in a Web service deployment built on UDDI, SOAP, and WSDL. NEMO provides a media services framework enabling nodes to find one other, interact, exchange value, and cooperate across tiers of networks from WANs to PANs. Using NEMO, digital rights management is more concerned with policy management of service interfaces than copy protection, and new services can more easily ensure fair use. This has the potential to change the tension between consumers and content providers in the digital content domain as the NEMO enriched infrastructure provides consumers with better information, more useful services and instant gratification.
Magnetization Structures of Perpendicular Recording Medium under Magnetic Field (1999)

MFM observations were carried out on a CoCr19Pt10 perpendicular medium by applying uniform magnetic fields to the sample. Nucleation of reverse magnetic domain was observed for an uniformly dc-magnetized sample at magnetic field as small as 0.6 kOe. With increasing the magnetic field, the number of reverse domain increased Pre-recorded magnetization transition structure with 20 kFCI recording remained unchanged even when the magnetic field was increased up to around 4 Oke. This result clearly shows that the magnetic transitions are very stable, but reverse magnetic domains are easily formed between the recorded transitions under an influence of reverse magnetic field. The local fluctuation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the medium seems to be related to the formation of reverse domains under the influence of demagnetizing field.
Intrinsic Mode Function Based Noise Power Estimation With Applications to Semiblind Spectrum Sensing Methods (2017)

In this letter, an algorithm is proposed to blindly estimate the noise power embedded in a received signal and use the knowledge of the noise power to upgrade semiblind spectrum sensors to blind sensors. The proposed noise estimator is based on a relationship between the noise power of a received signal and the power of the first mode of the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Simulations and results demonstrate an enhancement of the detectors performance in contrast with their conventional semiblind versions.
Weighted Differential Scheduler (2012)

The Weighted Differential Scheduler (WDS) is a new scheduling discipline for accessing shared resources. The work described here was motivated by the need for a simple weighted scheduler for a network switch where multiple packet flows are competing for an output port. The scheme can be implemented with simple arithmetic logic and finite state machines. We are describing several versions of WDS that can merge two or more flows. An analysis reveals that WDS has lower jitter than any other weighted scheduler known to us.
Toward Automatic Label-Free Whispering Gallery Modes Biodetection with a Quantum Dot-Coated Microsphere Population (2010)

We explore a new calibration-free approach to biodetection based on whispering gallery modes (WGMs) without a reference measure and relative shifts. Thus, the requirement to keep track of the sensor position is removed, and a freely moving population of fluorophore-doped polystyrene microspheres can now fulfill this role of sensing resonator. Breaking free from fixed surface-based biosensing promotes adhesion between the microsphere sensors and the analytes since both can now be thoroughly mixed. The 70-nm-wide spectrum of green fluorescent microbeads allows us to monitor over 20 WGMs simultaneously without needing evanescent light coupling into the microspheres, hence enabling remote sensing. Since the exact radius of each microsphere is unknown a priori, it requires algorithmic analyses to obtain a reliable result for the refractive index of a solution. We first test our approach with different solutions of alcohol in water obtaining 3 x 10(-4) precision on the refractive index at lower concentrations. Then, the solutions of bacterial spores in water yield clear evidence of biodetection in the statistical analysis of WGMs from 50 microspheres. To extend the fluorescence spectral range of our WGM sensors, we present preliminary results on coating microspheres with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots.
Purification, Characterization, and Immunogenicity of the Refolded Ectodomain of the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) has emerged as a promising vaccine candidate against malaria. Advanced evaluation of its protective efficacy in humans requires the production of highly purified and correctly folded protein. We describe here a process for the expression, fermentation, refolding, and purification of the recombinant ectodomain of AMA1 (amino acids 83(Gly) to 531(Glu)) of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) produced in Escherichia coli. A synthetic gene containing an E. coli codon bias was cloned into a modified pET32 plasmid, and the recombinant protein was produced by using a redox-modified E. coli strain, Origami (DE3). A purification process was developed that included Sarkosyl extraction followed by affinity purification on a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid column. The recombinant AMA1 was refolded in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione and further purified by using two ion-exchange chromatographic steps. The final product, designated AMA1/E, was homogeneous, monomeric, and >99% pure and had low endotoxin content and low host cell contamination. Analysis of AMA1/E showed that it had the predicted primary sequence, and tertiary structure analysis confirmed its compact disulfide-bonded nature. Rabbit antibodies made to the protein recognized the native parasite AMA1 and inhibited the growth of the P. falciparum homologous 3D7 clone in an in vitro assay. Reduction-sensitive epitopes on AMA1/E were shown to be necessary for the production of inhibitory anti-AMA1 antibodies. AMA1/E was recognized by a conformation-dependent, growth-inhibitory monoclonal antibody, 4G2dc1. The process described here was successfully scaled up to produce AMA1/E protein under GMP conditions, and the product was found to induce highly inhibitory antibodies in rabbits.
Association of sequence variants in <i>CKM</i> (creatine kinase, muscle) and <i>COX4I2</i> (cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 4, isoform 2) genes with racing performance in Thoroughbred horses (2010)

While molecular genetic information has the potential to become a powerful tool to make improved decisions in horse industries, it is vital that rigour is applied to studies generating these data and that adequate and appropriate sample sets, particularly for independent replication, are used.
Seamless Pipes of High Strength 100 KSI Grade (2006)

A joint industrial program (JIP), termed “Seamless 100 ksi weldable” was launched in order to address the complex design issues of high strength Q&T seamless pipes for ultra deep water applications. The JIP was split in two main phases, the first one devoted to the development and production of seamless pipes, with minimum yield strength of 90 ksi (620 MPa) to 100 ksi (690 MPa), and the second one to evaluate their field weldability. Phase I was recently completed. The role of chemical composition and Q&T process conditions on microstructure and precipitation was analyzed, together with relevant effects on strength and toughness, for both laboratory and industrial steels. The main microstructural features which control the strength-toughness combination of these high strength Q&T steel grades were identified and results were exploited for the set-up of a production route for pipelines and risers. The 100 ksi grade was achieved in 16 mm (0.630 in) and 25 mm (0.980 in) WT pipes. Phase II is in progress.
Hydrogen Storage in Nanostructured Carbons by Spillover:  Bridge-Building Enhancement (2005)

The hydrogen storage capacity in nanostructured carbon materials can be increased by atomic hydrogen spillover from a supported catalyst. A simple and effective technique was developed to build carbon bridges that serve to improve contact between a spillover source and a secondary receptor. In this work, a supported catalyst (Pd-C) served as the source of hydrogen atoms via dissociation and primary spillover and AX-21 or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were secondary spillover receptors. By carbonizing a bridge-forming precursor in the presence of the components, the hydrogen adsorption amount was increased by a factor of 2.9 for the AX-21 receptor and 1.6 for the SWNT receptor at 298 K and 100 kPa. Similar results were obtained at 10 MPa, indicating that the enhancement factor is a weak function of pressure. The AX-21 receptor with carbon bridges had the highest absolute capacity of 1.8 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa. Reversibility was demonstrated through desorption and readsorption at 298 K. The bridge-building process appears to be receptor specific, and optimization may yield even greater enhancement. Using this technique, enhancements in storage of up to 17-fold on other carbon-based materials have been observed and will be reported elsewhere shortly.
Design and Evaluation of New Tc-99m-Labeled Lactam Bridge-Cyclized Alpha-MSH Peptides for Melanoma Imaging (2013)

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h postinjection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19, and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four (99m)Tc-peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h postinjection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h postinjection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.
Identification of amino acid residues essential for the yeast N-acetyltransferase Mpr1 activity by site-directed mutagenesis (2008)

We previously discovered that the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b has the MPR1 gene that confers resistance to the proline analogue azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC). The MPR1-encoded protein (Mpr1) is an N-acetyltransferase that detoxifies AZC and is a novel member of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily. Mpr1 can reduce intracellular oxidation levels and protect yeast cells from oxidative stress, heat shock, freezing, or ethanol treatment. Here, we analyzed the amino acid residues in Mpr1 involved in substrate binding and catalysis by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant Strep-tagged fusion proteins were analyzed in terms of AZC resistance and acetyltransferase activity. The replacement of Arg145, which is conserved in the GNAT superfamily, by Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, or Trp led to a growth defect of transformants grown in the presence of AZC. Kinetic studies demonstrated that these mutations caused a large reduction in the affinity for AZC and acetyl-CoA, suggesting that Arg145 interacts with both substrates. Among seven conserved Tyr residues, one of which may be a catalytic residue in the GNAT superfamily, Tyr166Ala- showed no detectable activity and Tyr166Phe-Mpr1, a remarkable decrease of the k(cat)/K(m) value. This result suggests that Tyr166 is critical for the catalysis.
Resolution and Mass Range Performance in Distance-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with a Multichannel Focal-Plane Camera Detector (2011)

Distance-of-flight mass spectrometry (DOFMS) is a velocity-based mass-separation technique in which ions are separated in space along the plane of a spatially selective detector. In the present work, a solid-state charge-detection array, the focal-plane camera (FPC), was incorporated into the DOFMS platform. Use of the FPC with our DOFMS instrument resulted in improvements in analytical performance, usability, and versatility over a previous generation instrument that employed a microchannel-plate/phosphor DOF detector. Notably, FPC detection provided resolution improvements of at least a factor of 2, with typical DOF linewidths of 300 μm (R((fwhm)) = 1000). The merits of solid-state detection for DOFMS are evaluated, and methods to extend the DOFMS mass range are considered.
Integration of "On-Chip" Electrochemical Detection in a Microfabricated Capillary Electrophoresis Device (2002)

The purpose of this effort has been to develop a selfcontained, transportable capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical (EC) detection analysis system, which contains all electrodes "on-chip" and employs specially made, miniaturized CE and EC supporting electronics. A novel fabrication process that produced recessed platinum electrodes was developed to form the CE/EC device from two patterned ultra-flat glass substrates. The electrodes in the bottom substrate were formed by a self-aligned etch and deposition technique using a photholithographic lift-off process. The top substrate was etched to form the microchannels (20 m deep x 50 m wide [avg]) and thermally bonded to the bottom substrate. The CE/EC experiments were performed using 0.02M phosphate buffer (pH 6) and a buffer/analyte solution (2.2 mM dopamine, 2.3 mM catechol) with an applied voltage of 250V, which was delivered by a custom electronics unit interfaced to a laptop computer equipped with data acquisition software. Detection limits (S/N = 3) were found to be 4.3 M for dopamine and 4.4 M for catechol. A linear response was observed up to 2200 M and 2300 M for dopamine and catechol, respectively. Overall, the analytical performance of our CE/EC device is comparable to previously reported hybrid lab-on-a-chip devices with external CE and/or EC electrodes.