gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature low-cost extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer for low-pressure detection (2013)

A miniature optical fiber pressure sensor based on extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) is presented. The sensing probe has 0.2 mm outer diameter, and is based on an all-silica biocompatible structure, with a pressure sensitivity <1 nm/kPa. The probe is complemented by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), in proximity of the EFPI tip, for temperature compensation. Interrogation is based on a low-cost white-light setup, whereas several pressure detection algorithms have been developed. Preliminary experimental validation and medical applications are discussed.
Pattern of antitumor activity of a novel camptothecin, ST1481, in a large panel of human tumor xenografts. (2002)

The unusual potency of ST1481 in a variety of tumor cell lines suggests the ability of the drug to overcome several resistance factors. The profile of antitumor efficacy further supports the therapeutic interest in the novel analogue and provides a rational basis for clinical evaluation in selected tumor types.
A novel hierarchical multi-port cache (2004)

A novel hierarchical multi-port cache is described in this paper, which implements the hierarchical multi-port memory architecture (HMA) based on 1-port banks. This type of cache has the advantages of high access bandwidth, low power dissipation and small area, which are studied and explained in detail. A test chip design of a 4-port HMA cache with 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology has been made.
Towards Modeling, Specifying and Deploying Policies in Autonomous and Autonomic Systems Using an AOSE Methodology (2006)

Autonomic computing (AC), self-management based on high level guidance from humans, is increasingly gaining momentum as the way forward in designing reliable systems that hide complexity and conquer IT management costs. Effectively, AC may be viewed as policy-based self-management. We look at ways to achieve this, and in particular focus on agent-oriented software engineering. We propose utilizing an AOSE methodology for specifying autonomic and autonomous properties of the system independently, and later, by means of composition of these specifications, to construct a specification for the policy and its subsequent deployment
Advances in Optical Spectroscopy: The Ultra-Small Sample Analyzer (1991)

A new reflectance accessory has been developed for the spectroscopic analysis of physically small samples and small areas of large samples. This accessory, known as the “Split Pea” accessory (SPA), has several advantages over those currently used for microsampling, i.e., high-pressure diamond cells, microscopes, and beam condensers. The SPA enables nondestructive, internal reflectance studies of microgram and nanogram samples with little or no sample preparation. Its specially configured pressure plate permits the application of high clamping pressures between the sample and the internal reflection element, simplifying the analysis of hard surface solids such as paint chips. The SPA can also be configured for either external or in-line diffuse reflectance, depending on the sample under investigation. The spectra presented here demonstrate the versatility and wide range of applications for this new accessory.
Active reading and its discontents (2011)

The increasing popularity of personal reading devices raises the question of how best to support so-called active reading, which involves acts like annotation, note taking, etc. Prior research addressed this question by observing the active reading process, and identifying disparities between computers and paper as a reading medium. We extend this research by 1) investigating the problems that readers experience in their real world tasks, 2) inquiring about their requirements for an ideal reading technology, and 3) updating earlier studies of naturalistic reading behavior, which are several years old now. We present here the results of our investigation, which included a diary study, interviews, and participatory design workshops.
Approach to Improve Well Drilling Performance (2018)

Abstract Hole cleaning and drilling rate remain major challenges once it comes to plan and drill workover and development wells. Inadequate hole cleaning is responsible for a large portion of all stuck pipe problems. Approximately 33% of stuck pipe incidents because of bad hole cleaning. The rate of penetration is extremely related to hole cleaning. If optimum hole cleaning can be ensured, that will lead to a high rate of penetration. To ensure perfect hole cleaning, it must be engineered. There are several correlations, mothed, designs, models, tools, charts, fields results, experimental studies and chemical materials to enhance the hole cleaning, but several of them are just based on theory and lack proper experimental data and not feasible in drilling operations. The knowledge of the size of cuttings, size of annulus, flow pattern, and down hole fluid properties cannot determined with high accuracy. This paper will show the influence of hole cleaning on the rate of penetration that will ensure optimum performance and mitigate stuck pipe problem and how the approach was applied during drilling operations. Knowledge from this paper will help in knowing hole cleaning more accurately and therefore facilitate improving drilling rate. The application of approach of Well drilling performance by using carrying capacity index and cuttings concentration in the annulus for ensuring perfect hole cleaning, and achieving enhanced well drilling performance by using optimum drilling parameters that can ensure minimum DSE. The Approach has been validated in the fields, and used to drill in challenging hole sections, and has improved the well drilling performance more than 55% and minimized DSE more than 54%.
Optically controlled manipulation of live cells using optoelectronic tweezers (2006)

Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) provides a non-invasive, low-power, optical manipulation tool for trapping, transporting, and separating microparticles, cells, and other bioparticles. The OET device uses a photosensitive layer to form "virtual electrodes" upon exposure to light, creating non-uniformities in an applied electric field. The electric field gives rise to a force known as dielectrophoresis: microparticles move as a result of the non-uniformities in the electric field imparting unequal forces on the induced dipoles of the particles. These virtual electrodes can be actuated with low optical intensities, enabling the use of incoherent light sources and direct imaging techniques to create optical manipulation patterns in real-time. In this paper, we demonstrate OET operation on live cells, including the trapping and manipulation of red and white blood cells, and the automated collection of HeLa cells. Automated size-based sorting is performed on a mixture of 15- and 20-μm-diameter polystyrene beads, and dielectric property-based separation is used to differentiate between live and dead white blood cells.
Polarization Mode Dispersion-Based Physical Layer Key Generation for Optical Fiber Link Security (2017)

A novel physical layer secret key generation technique for point-to-point optical fiber link security is proposed. It can efficiently generate high entropy symmetric cryptographic keys based on Polarization Mode Dispersion in optical fiber links.
Low coefficient of thermal expansion polyimides containing metal ion additives (1992)

Polyimides have become widely used as high performance polymers as a result of their excellent thermal stability and toughness. However, lowering their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) would increase their usefulness for aerospace and electronic applications where dimensional stability is a requirement. The incorporation of metal ion-containing additives into polyimides, resulting in significantly lowered CTE's, has been studied. Various metal ion additives have been added to both polyamic acid resins and soluble polyimide solutions in the concentration range of 4-23 weight percent. The incorporation of these metal ions has resulted in reductions in the CTE's of the control polyimides of 12 percent to over 100 percent depending on the choice of additive and its concentration.
Massively parallel image restoration (1990)

An image restoration model that performs piecewise-constant restorations on images corrupted with very high noise levels is presented. The model uses a sigmoid nonlinearity at each pixel site to produce a restoration with sharp boundaries without using an explicit line process. The restoration is produced efficiently using a stochastic search procedure at constant temperature that typically requires less than 50 iterations. The model is able to restore images with up to 70% of the pixels corrupted with noise. The model is massively parallel with local neighbor interactions (four nearest neighbors), and it can be implemented on a large parallel computer or a VLSI chip
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>Bel Protein Enhances the Toxicity of Cry1Ac Protein to<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>Larvae by Degrading Insect Intestinal Mucin (2009)

Bacillus thuringiensis has been used as a bioinsecticide to control agricultural insects. Bacillus cereus group genomes were found to have a Bacillus enhancin-like (bel) gene, encoding a peptide with 20 to 30% identity to viral enhancin protein, which can enhance viral infection by degradation of the peritrophic matrix (PM) of the insect midgut. In this study, the bel gene was found to have an activity similar to that of the viral enhancin gene. A bel knockout mutant was constructed by using a plasmid-free B. thuringiensis derivative, BMB171. The 50% lethal concentrations of this mutant plus the cry1Ac insecticidal protein gene were about 5.8-fold higher than those of the BMB171 strain. When purified Bel was mixed with the Cry1Ac protein and fed to Helicoverpa armigera larvae, 3 mug/ml Cry1Ac alone induced 34.2% mortality. Meanwhile, the mortality rate rose to 74.4% when the same amount of Cry1Ac was mixed with 0.8 mug/ml of Bel. Microscopic observation showed a significant disruption detected on the midgut PM of H. armigera larvae after they were fed Bel. In vitro degradation assays showed that Bel digested the intestinal mucin (IIM) of Trichoplusia ni and H. armigera larvae to various degrading products, similar to findings for viral enhancin. These results imply Bel toxicity enhancement depends on the destruction of midgut PM and IIM, similar to the case with viral enhancin. This discovery showed that Bel has the potential to enhance insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides and transgenic crops.
Combination of acamprosate and baclofen as a promising therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease (2015)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons but which involves the loss of additional neurotransmitter pathways. Mono- or polytherapeutic interventions in PD patients have declining efficacy long-term and no influence on disease progression. The systematic analysis of available genetic and functional data as well as the substantial overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and PD features led us to repurpose and explore the effectiveness of a combination therapy (ABC) with two drugs - acamprosate and baclofen - that was already effective in AD animal models, for the treatment of PD. We showed in vitro that ABC strongly and synergistically protected neuronal cells from oxidative stress in the oxygen and glucose deprivation model, as well as dopaminergic neurons from cell death in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Furthermore, we showed that ABC normalised altered motor symptoms in vivo in 6-OHDA-treated rats, acting by protecting dopaminergic cell bodies and their striatal terminals. Interestingly, ABC also restored a normal behaviour pattern in lesioned rats suggesting a symptomatic effect, and did not negatively interact with L-dopa. Our results demonstrate the potential value of combining repurposed drugs as a promising new strategy to treat this debilitating disease.
Triangular Nanoframes Made of Gold and Silver (2003)

Silver nanoprisms (∼74-nm edge length) were etched with HAuCl4 to generate gold−silver alloy framework structures. Interestingly, these triangular nanoframes possess no strong surface plasmon bands in the ultraviolet or visible regions of the optical spectrum. By adding a mild reducing agent, l-ascorbic acid, gold and silver ions remaining in solution can be reduced, resulting in metal plating and reformation of nanoprisms. The extent of the back-filling process can be controlled, allowing one to form novel prisms with nanopores. This back-filling process is accompanied by a regeneration of the surface plasmon bands in the UV−vis spectrum.
An approach to LEM modeling: construction, collision detection and dynamic simulation (2002)

This paper presents an approach to apply the long element method (LEM), a new method for physically based simulation of deformable objects, to a general polygonal mesh. The LEM is suitable for real time simulation and virtual environment interaction. The approach implements a static solution for elastic global deformation of objects filled with fluids based on Pascal's Principle and the volume conservation. The volumes are discretised into long elements, defining meshes several order of magnitudes smaller than tetrahedral or cubic meshes. We show how these volumes are constructed when the method is applied to a general mesh. We also propose a method for collision detection when two such objects interact. Finally, we show how we can perform dynamic simulation when the physics of the objects are modeled using bulk variables: pressure, density, volume and stress. This approach is particularly interesting for real time simulation of soft tissue undergoing small deformations.
Temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography based on both concentration and lifetime contrast (2012)

It is challenging to image fluorescence objects with high spatial resolution in a highly scattering medium. Recently reported temperature-sensitive indocyanine green-loaded pluronic nanocapsules can potentially alleviate this problem. Here we demonstrate a frequency-domain temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography system that could acquire images at high intensity-focused ultrasound resolution with use of these nanocapsules. The system is experimentally verified with a phantom study, where a 3-mm fluorescence object embedded 2 cm deep in a turbid medium is successfully recovered based on both intensity and lifetime contrast.
Production of Pheasant-to-chicken intespecies germline chimeras (2009)

Germ cell-mediated germline chimeric system in bird have been developed and considered as powerful technique to produce transgenic poultry and to conserve endangered avian species. Recently, germline chimeric chicken and transgenic quail were obtained by transfer of primordial germ cells(PGCs). Based on these successes we conducted transplantation of interspecies germ cells for reproducing wild birds. Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus) PGCs were retrieved from 7-d-old embryonic gonads and the germ cells were transferred to the blood vessel of 2.5-d-old chickern(Gallus gallus) embryos. Putative pheasant-to-chicken chimeras were hatched and 10 pheasants(17.5 %) derived from donor PGCs were produced by testcross analysis. In conclusion, an interspecies germ cell transfer can be used for the generation of wild birds and this technology may further be able to apply for preserving endangered birds.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the RNA Transport Element, a Member of an Extensive Family Present in the Mouse Genome (2005)

We previously identified an RNA transport element (RTE), present in a subclass of rodent intracisternal A particle retroelements (F. Nappi, R. Schneider, A. Zolotukhin, S. Smulevitch, D. Michalowski, J. Bear, B. Felber, and G. Pavlakis, J. Virol. 75:4558-4569, 2001), that is able to replace Rev-responsive element regulation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1. RTE-directed mRNA export is mediated by a still-unknown cellular factor(s), is independent of the CRM1 nuclear export receptor, and is conserved among vertebrates. Here we show that this RTE folds into an extended RNA secondary structure and thus does not resemble any known RTEs. Computer searches revealed the presence of 105 identical elements and more than 3,000 related elements which share at least 70% sequence identity with the RTE and which are found on all mouse chromosomes. These related elements are predicted to fold into RTE-like structures. Comparison of the sequences and structures revealed that the RTE and related elements can be divided into four groups. Mutagenesis of the RTE revealed that the minimal element contains four internal stem-loops, which are indispensable for function in mammalian cells. In contrast, only part of the element is essential to mediate RNA transport in microinjected Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei. Importantly, the minimal RTE able to promote RNA transport has key structural features which are preserved in all the RTE-related elements, further supporting their functional importance. Therefore, RTE function depends on a complex secondary structure that is important for the interaction with the cellular export factor(s).
A New Synthetic Route to (North)-Methanocarba Nucleosides Designed as A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor Agonists (2004)

Activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) is associated with cerebroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects. Among potent and selective A3 AR agonists are novel methanocarba adenosine analogues in which the conformation of a pseudo-ribose moiety is locked in the North (N) hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle. 5'-Uronamide (N)-methanocarba nucleosides, such as MRS1898 and MRS2346, are examples of full agonists of the human A3 AR. An improved convergent approach from easily accessible 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-erythrose (2b), and the combination of a strategic intramolecular cyclopropanation step plus the acid-catalyzed isomerization of an isopropylidene group, provided a suitable pseudosugar precursor (23) for the synthesis of MRS1898, MRS2346, and related analogues. This new synthetic route uses readily available building blocks and opens the way for the preparation of a variety of targets on a reasonable scale.
Adaptive incremental checkpointing for massively parallel systems (2004)

Given the scale of massively parallel systems, occurrence of faults is no longer an exception but a regular event. Periodic checkpointing is becoming increasingly important in these systems. However, huge memory footprints of parallel applications place severe limitations on scalability of normal checkpointing techniques. Incremental checkpointing is a well researched technique that addresses scalability concerns, but most of the implementations require paging support from hardware and the underlying operating system, which may not be always available. In this paper, we propose a software based adaptive incremental checkpoint technique which uses a secure hash function to uniquely identify changed blocks in memory. Our algorithm is the first self-optimizing algorithm that dynamically computes the optimal block boundaries, based on the history of changed blocks. This provides better opportunities for minimizing checkpoint file size. Since the hash is computed in software, we do not need any system support for this. We have implemented and tested this mechanism on the BlueGene/L system. Our results on several well-known benchmarks are encouraging, both in terms of reduction in average checkpoint file size and adaptivity towards application's memory access patterns.
Therapeutic globin gene delivery using lentiviral vectors. (2002)

The severe hemoglobinopathies, including beta-thalassemia major and sickle cell anemia, are candidate diseases for a genetic treatment based on the transfer of a regulated globin gene in autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Two years ago, May et al reported that an optimized beta-globin transcription unit containing multiple proximal and distal regulatory elements harbored by a recombinant lentiviral vector could efficiently integrate into murine hematopoietic stem cells and express therapeutic levels of the human beta-globin gene. Here, we review the advantages afforded by lentivirus-mediated globin gene transfer and recent studies based on this strategy.
PlaneRCNN: 3D Plane Detection and Reconstruction From a Single Image (2019)

This paper proposes a deep neural architecture, PlaneRCNN, that detects and reconstructs piecewise planar regions from a single RGB image. PlaneRCNN employs a variant of Mask R-CNN to detect planes with their plane parameters and segmentation masks. PlaneRCNN then refines an arbitrary number of segmentation masks with a novel loss enforcing the consistency with a nearby view during training. The paper also presents a new benchmark with more fine-grained plane segmentations in the ground-truth, in which, PlaneRCNN outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods with significant margins in the plane detection, segmentation, and reconstruction metrics. PlaneRCNN makes an important step towards robust plane extraction method, which would have immediate impact on a wide range of applications including Robotics, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality.
Endless optical phase delay based phase synchronization in low-power coherent DCIs (2020)

We demonstrate an electrically tunable endless optical phase delay (EOPD) generator that can provide unlimited phase shift using an optical IQ modulator and control electronics. The EOPD and an analog phase synchronization IC are used together to achieve phase offset correction in coherent self-homodyne DCIs.
Selectivity of lipases for estolides synthesis (2014)

Abstract Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of estolides starting from different saturated (C16 16OH, C18 12OH) and unsaturated (C18:1 9 cis 12-OH) hydroxy-fatty acids was investigated. For this reason, the catalytic efficiency of several native and immobilized lipases in different organic reaction media at temperatures up to 75 °C was studied. The formation of mono- and di-lactone as well as estolide’s chain elongation depends on the type and source of lipase. The lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized by cross-linking as cross-linked enzymes aggregates (CLEAs) was the best biocatalyst in terms of chain elongation. Estolides with polymerization degree up to 10 were obtained at substrate conversions higher than 80 %.
Conversions of Cyclic Amines to Nylon Precursor Lactams Using Bulk Gold and Fumed Silica Catalysts (2011)

Bulk gold powder (∼50 μm) and alumina-supported gold catalyzed the oxidative dehydrogenation of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered cyclic amines to amidines. These amidines were hydrolyzed upon treatment with Aerosil 200 (fumed silica gel) and water, producing lactams in 42–73% yields and amines in 36–63% yields. The gold and Aerosil 200 catalysts could also be combined in a one-pot reaction to catalyze the conversion of cyclic amines to lactams in yields up to 51%.