gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The NIN‐like protein 5 (ZmNLP5) transcription factor is involved in modulating the nitrogen response in maize (2019)

Maize exhibits marked growth and yield response to supplemental nitrogen (N). Here, we report the functional characterization of a maize NIN-like protein ZmNLP5 as a central hub in a molecular network associated with N metabolism. Predominantly expressed and accumulated in roots and vascular tissues, ZmNLP5 was shown to rapidly respond to nitrate treatment. Under limited N supply, compared with that of wild-type (WT) seedlings, the zmnlp5 mutant seedlings accumulated less nitrate and nitrite in the root tissues and ammonium in the shoot tissues. The zmnlp5 mutant plants accumulated less nitrogen than the WT plants in the ear leaves and seed kernels. Furthermore, the mutants carrying the transgenic ZmNLP5 cDNA fragment significantly increased the nitrate content in the root tissues compared with that of the zmnlp5 mutants. In the zmnlp5 mutant plants, loss of the ZmNLP5 function led to changes in expression for a significant number of genes involved in N signalling and metabolism. We further show that ZmNLP5 directly regulates the expression of nitrite reductase 1.1 (ZmNIR1.1) by binding to the nitrate-responsive cis-element at the 5' UTR of the gene. Interestingly, a natural loss-of-function allele of ZmNLP5 in Mo17 conferred less N accumulation in the ear leaves and seed kernels resembling that of the zmnlp5 mutant plants. Our findings show that ZmNLP5 is involved in mediating the plant response to N in maize.
Automatic Registration of Multi‐Projector Domes Using a Single Uncalibrated Camera (2011)

Abstract In this paper we present a novel technique for easily calibrating multiple casually aligned projectors on spherical domes using a single uncalibrated camera. Using the prior knowledge of the display surface being a dome, we can estimate the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters and the projector to display surface correspondences automatically using a set of images. These images include the image of the dome itself and a projected pattern from each projector. Using these correspondences we can register images from the multiple projectors on the dome. Further, we can register displays which are not entirely visible in a single camera view using multiple pan and tilted views of an uncalibrated camera making our method suitable for displays of different size and resolution. We can register images from any arbitrary viewpoint making it appropriate for a single head‐tracked user in a 3D visualization system. Also, we can use several cartographic mapping techniques to register images in a manner that is appropriate for multi‐user visualization. Domes are known to produce a tremendous sense of immersion and presence in visualization systems. Yet, till date, there exists no easy way to register multiple projectors on a dome to create a high‐resolution realistic visualizations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that can achieve accurate geometric registration of multiple projectors on a dome simply and automatically using a single uncalibrated camera.
Comparison of MR and Optical Spectroscopy to Measure Myoglobin Desaturation in Human FDI (2004)

2198 Myoglobin (Mb) saturation provides a measure of the intracellular oxygen tension (PO2) and thus insight to mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. However, standard near infrared analysis is incapable of distinguishing hemoglobin (Hb) from Mb. Our optical approach overcomes this challenge by using PLS regression analysis to separate Hb and Mb saturations from complex in vivo spectra. Thus, for the first time, we have a noninvasive probe of intravascular and intracellular PO2 measured concurrently in an in vivo human model. PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that the kinetics of Mb desaturation would be similarly represented by both magnetic resonance (MR) and optical spectroscopy. The observation from these optical studies that Mb is not fully saturated at rest led to a second series of MR experiments with improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) to confirm this finding. METHODS: Seven subjects participated in two identical trials, one for optical and the other for MR measurements of Mb saturation in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. The protocol consisted of 3min without ischemia, followed by 15min systolic cuff occlusion (+55mmHg above systolic blood pressure) and 16min recovery from occlusion. In addition, 4 subjects underwent a second series of MR experiments to determine resting Mb saturation. This protocol consisted of 32min of aerobic rest followed by rapid tissue deoxygenation with burst exercise and systolic cuff occlusion (2min) and a final 8min of cuff occlusion only. 1H MR spectroscopy measured the kinetics of Mb desaturation at 1min intervals, while optical measurements of Mb were acquired every 6s throughout the experiment. RESULTS: The time courses for these data were best fit with a monoexponential decay resulting in a similar tau for both MR (3.46min) and optical (4.22min) data (P = 0.15). Optical spectroscopy also revealed the striking observation that Mb is not fully saturated in resting muscle (67% ± 2.4%). This finding was confirmed by the observation of a distinct Mb peak at 79 ppm in the FDI under resting aerobic conditions with MR. CONCLUSION: The current results demonstrate the superiority of the optical approach in situations where rapid changes in signal and/or high Mb saturations are expected. The less than fully saturated Mb in resting skeletal muscle is consistent with the role of Mb in facilitated diffusion of oxygen and suggests that the intravascular to intracellular PO2 gradient is larger than previously reported. Supported by NIH Grants RO1 AR41928, AR36281.
Phase synchrony reveals organization in human atrial fibrillation (2015)

It remains unclear if human atrial fibrillation (AF) is spatially nonhierarchical or exhibits a hierarchy of organization sustained by sources. We utilize activation times obtained at discrete locations during AF to compute the phase synchrony between tissue regions, to examine underlying spatial dynamics throughout both atria. We construct a binary synchronization network and show that this network can accurately define regions of coherence in coarse-grained in silico data. Specifically, domains controlled by spiral waves exhibit regions of high phase synchrony. We then apply this analysis to clinical data from patients experiencing cardiac arrhythmias using multielectrode catheters to simultaneously record from a majority of both atria. We show that pharmaceutical intervention with ibutilide organizes activation by increasing the size of the synchronized domain in AF and quantify the increase in temporal organization when arrhythmia changes from fibrillation to tachycardia. Finally, in recordings from 24 patients in AF we show that the level of synchrony is spatially broad with some patients showing large spatially contiguous regions of synchronization, while in others synchrony is localized to small pockets. Using computer simulations, we show that this distribution is inconsistent with distributions obtained from simulations that mimic multiwavelet reentry but is consistent with mechanisms in which one or more spatially conserved spiral waves is surrounded by tissue in which activation is disorganized.
Photoaddressable Polymers for Rewritable Optical Disc Systems (2001)

We present results of the feasibility study on photoaddressable polymers (PAPs) applied to optical disc systems. PAPs represent a new class of organic rewritable materials that exhibit a huge signal birefringence ( Δ n ) at the readout wavelength. By optimizing the disc structure and the readout optics, the signal amplitude is proved to be sufficient for the optical disc systems. A low noise profile and sharp recording profile led to a maximum carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of 58 dB and a clear eye-pattern. They also showed a potential for multi-level recording, since the recording was dominated by a pure photon mode.
Automated learning of model classifications (2003)

This paper describes a new approach to automate the classification of solid models using machine learning techniques. Existing approaches, based on group technology, fixed matching algorithms or pre-defined feature sets, impose a priori categorization schemes on engineering data or require significant human labeling of design data. This paper describes a shape learning algorithm and a general technique for "teaching" the algorithm to identify new or hidden classifications that are relevant in many engineering applications. In this way, the core shape learning algorithm can be used to find a wide variety of model classifications based on user input and training data. This allows for great flexibility in search and data mining of engineering data.
A 1V 1.7mW 25GHz transformer-feedback divide-by-3 frequency divider with quadrature outputs (2007)

A transformer-feedback injection-locked divide-by-3 frequency divider (ILFD) is proposed. Employing a transformer feedback, the divider can achieve high performance in terms of low voltage, high frequency, and low power consumption. Fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process and operated at a 1-V supply voltage, the divider prototype measures an input frequency range from 22.7GHz to 25.1GHz with 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> and 3rd harmonic tones of −45 dBc and −40 dBc respectively. With quadrature outputs, the divider achieves a sideband rejection ratio of 40 dB while consuming 1.7mW and occupying an active area of 0.23mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Over-expression of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>hsp90 enhances the virulence of this yeast in mice (1996)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast of low pathogenic potential, is a rare but well-documented cause of invasive infections in humans. The yeast Candida albicans is a much commoner cause of significant and life-threatening infections. In such infections the heat shock protein hsp90 is an immunodominant antigen associated with protective humoral immunity. In this study it was shown that over-expression of S. cerevisiae hsp90, the amino acid sequence of which shows 84% identity to C. albicans hsp90, significantly increased the virulence of a laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae in mice, both in terms of colony counts in the kidney, liver, and spleen, and in terms of mortality. This is the first direct evidence that hsp90 is a virulence factor.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein for Differentiating Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Symptoms of Acute Stroke (2011)

Plasma GFAP analysis performed within 4.5 h of symptom onset can differentiate ICH and ischemic stroke. Studies are needed to evaluate a GFAP point-of-care system that may help optimize the prehospital triage and management of patients with symptoms of acute stroke.
Computerized Design, Generation, and Simulation of Meshing and Contact of Face-Milled Formate Cut Spiral Bevel Gears (2001)

Abstract : A new approach for design, generation, and computerized simulation of meshing and contact of face-milled, formate cut spiral bevel gears is presented. The purpose is to develop a low noise, stabilized bearing contact for this type of gear drives. The approach proposed is based on application of three procedures that permit in sequence, to provide a longitudinally directed bearing contact, a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors and limit the shift of bearing contact caused by errors of alignment. The theory developed is illustrated with an example of design and computation.
High Field Insert Coils From Bi-2212/Ag Round Wires (2007)

Bi-2212/Ag round wire is a promising and practical material for extending high field superconducting magnets beyond the limits of Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn. Efforts to develop superconducting magnets in the 25 to 30 T range include fabrication and test of practical size insert coils using this wire. Recent studies have focused on improvements in wire performance, wire insulation, and coil fabrication for wind-and-react coils. Continued improvements in the engineering critical current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</sub> ) and the critical current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) performance have been achieved by optimizing the starting precursor composition, and the heat treatments. The highest J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> of 1580 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 4.2 K, 0 T and 420 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 4.2 K, 31 T were obtained in 0.81 mm wire. In particular, significant progress on braided insulation has been made for enabling a robust procedure for wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils. Performance of three of these coils has been measured in background fields up to 19 T, showing good prospects for high field magnet application of this conductor.
Selective killing of cancer cells by nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound (2016)

The data obtained for different cell lines indicate that nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound therapy (NAUT) could be an effective new tool for cancer-specific treatment and could potentially be combined with conventional methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy to further increase the overall cancer cure rate.
Flash Cut: Foreground Extraction with Flash and No-flash Image Pairs (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for foreground layer extraction using flash/no-flash image pairs, which we call flash cut. Flash cut is based on the simple observation that only the foreground is significantly brightened by the flash and the background appearance change is very small, if the background is distant. Changes due to flash, motion, and color information are fused in an MRF framework to produce high quality segmentation results. Flash cut handles some amount of camera shake, and foreground motion, which makes it practical for anyone with a flash-equipped camera to use. We validate our approach on a variety of indoor and outdoor examples.
SCA2003-31: ADVANCES IN RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS USING THE FRIM METHOD AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS. APPLICATIONS TO CARBONATES. (2003)

The Fast Resistivity Index Measurement (FRIM) method is a recent technique to measure continuous resistivity index curves on core samples. In a previous paper of the same author, it has been validated extensively using numerical simulations and experiments performed at ambient conditions. This paper presents the use of this technique at reservoir conditions during drainage and imbibition on various reservoir carbonate samples. The appropriate experimental procedures are presented in order to obtain RI curves representative of field conditions and free of artifacts. We present also two semi-empirical RI-Sw relationships useful for describing the various non-Archie curves observed.
Sensing a Changing Chemical Mixture Using an Electronic Nose (2008)

A method of using an electronic nose to detect an airborne mixture of known chemical compounds and measure the temporally varying concentrations of the individual compounds is undergoing development. In a typical intended application, the method would be used to monitor the air in an inhabited space (e.g., the interior of a building) for the release of solvents, toxic fumes, and other compounds that are regarded as contaminants. At the present state of development, the method affords a capability for identifying and quantitating one or two compounds that are members of a set of some number (typically of the order of a dozen) known compounds. In principle, the method could be extended to enable monitoring of more than two compounds. An electronic nose consists of an array of sensors, typically made from polymer carbon composites, the electrical resistances of which change upon exposure to a variety of chemicals. By design, each sensor is unique in its responses to these chemicals: some or all of the sensitivities of a given sensor to the various vapors differ from the corresponding sensitivities of other sensors. In general, the responses of the sensors are nonlinear functions of the concentrations of the chemicals. Hence, mathematically, the monitoring problem is to solve the set of time-dependent nonlinear equations for the sensor responses to obtain the time dependent concentrations of individual compounds. In the present developmental method, successive approximations of the solution are generated by a learning algorithm based on independent-component analysis (ICA) an established information theoretic approach for transforming a vector of observed interdependent signals into a set of signals that are as nearly statistically independent as possible.
Correlation of the electrochemistry of poly(acrylonitrile)–sulfur composite cathodes with their molecular structure (2012)

A fundamental analytical and electrochemical study on various sulfur-poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) composites for Li–S batteries synthesized at various temperatures is presented. According to elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the sulfur content in SPAN composites decreases with increasing synthesis temperature. However, as shown by RAMAN spectroscopy, higher synthesis temperatures result in higher degrees of graphitization of the polymer backbone and eventually in higher C-rate capabilities and higher cycle stability. The latter is also supported by the larger specific surface area of the SPAN composite prepared at higher temperature. However, complementary thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) measurements show a degradation of the composite prepared at temperatures >450 °C, rendering 390–460 °C the optimum temperature range for synthesis. Finally, the C-rate capability increases with decreasing thickness of the cathode, resulting in a 95% relative specific capacity at 1C compared to C/10.
Evaluation of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test for the Diagnosis of Glucocorticoid-Remediable Aldosteronism1 (1997)

Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA) is a rare form of inherited hypertension caused by a characteristic gene duplication. With the advent of definitive genetic testing for GRA, the performance of the traditional screening test for GRA, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), can be evaluated. We compared the DST to direct genetic testing in 24 patients referred for genetic screening for GRA (12 GRA positive and 12 GRA negative) based on clinical and biochemical findings, DST, and family history. Plasma aldosterone was measured before and after oral dexamethasone administration to determine the extent to which aldosterone was suppressed by glucocorticoids in each patient group. The results of the DST in these subjects were also compared to those in 19 historical patients with primary aldosteronism [4 bilateral hyperplasia and 15 aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA)] reported previously. The DST differentiated GRA-positive from GRA-negative patients with 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Cutoffs based on the post-DST plasma aldosterone level (< 4 ng/dL) or percent suppression compared to baseline (> 80%) were equally effective in correctly diagnosing GRA (only one GRA-positive patient would have been incorrectly diagnosed). However, DST in 15 APA patients revealed that 33% had greater than 80% suppression of aldosterone, and 1 had aldosterone levels below 4 ng/dL. We conclued that a post-DST aldosterone level below 4 ng/dL will correctly diagnose GRA patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Suppression compared to baseline can be misleading, as evidenced by the results in APA patients and referred subjects who genetically screened negative.
Polyurethane-Urea Anionomer Dispersions. II (1995)

Abstract Polyurethane-urea anionomer dispersions containing about 50% hard segments were prepared from poly(oxypropylene) glycols, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), or a mixture of TDI and polymeric MDI (PMDI), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and different diamines as chain extenders. The structure-properties relationships of these polyurethane-urea anionomers were studied. The effects of compositional ratio, type of chain extender, and isocyanate structure on the morphology and properties of the dispersion-cast films were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and determination of mechanical properties.
Method for upgrading a Fischer--Tropsch light oil. [upgrading light oils] (1977)

The product of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is separated to recover a C/sub 5/-400/sup 0/F liquid fraction which is thereafter hydrogenated in order to saturate diolefins and contacted with a ZSM-5 type zeolite under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure so as to obtain gasoline of a higher octane rating. The contact with the ZSM-5 zeolite is preferably in the presence of added hydrogen.
The use of ionic salt dyes as amorphous, thermally stable emitting layers in organic light-emitting diodes (2000)

The conversion of two neutral dye molecules (D) to ionic salts (H2N–D–NH2⋅2HX) and their utilization as emitting layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is described. The dye salts, AEQT⋅2HCl and APT⋅2HCl, can be deposited as amorphous films using conventional evaporation techniques. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis, coupled with thermal annealing studies, demonstrate the resistance of the films to crystallization. This stability is attributed to strong ionic forces between the relatively rigid molecules. OLEDs incorporating such salts for emitting layers exhibit better thermal stability compared with devices made from the corresponding neutral dyes (H2N–D–NH2). These results suggest that ionic salts may more generally enable the formation of thermally stable, amorphous emitting, and charge transporting layers.
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Potential PET Biomarker in Glioblastoma (2015)

On the basis of our translational study, uPAR PET may be a highly promising imaging biomarker for glioblastoma. Further clinical exploration of uPAR PET in glioblastoma is therefore justified.
Stenosis detection and quantification on cardiac CTCA using panoramic MIP of coronary arteries (2017)

In this work, we proposed to demonstrate the entire 3D coronary tree using panoramic maximum intensity projection (MIP) of coronary arteries, and to detect and quantify coronary stenosis from computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). The performance of the proposed method was assessed in comparison with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as reference standard. Six anonymized CTCA datasets were tested. MIP method achieved a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 95% for the stenosis detection with a good reproducibility (i.e. Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.74 for the intra-rater agreement, and 0.45 for the inter-raters agreement). In stenosis quantification, three image options are provided. The original density images resulted in an accuracy of 0.85. The edge map images resulted in an accuracy of 0.79. The image combination had a better accuracy of 0.89 than any single image option. In conclusion, the panoramic MIP provided fast and accurate way for the stenosis detection and quantification. It may be helpful to assist the radiologist in identifying the location of the greatest narrowing in clinical practice.