gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis Processes Using Cyclometalated Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes (2017)

The recent development of a class of Z-selective ruthenium metathesis catalysts containing a crucial cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand has extended the applicability of ruthenium-mediated olefin metathesis to the production of a variety of useful Z-olefin-containing small molecules, polymers, and natural products. This thesis explores the synthesis and application of a number of novel Z-selective cyclometalated ruthenium alkylidene complexes displaying enhanced activity and selectivity across a range of metathesis transformations. Mechanistic investigations aimed at understanding and controlling stereoselectivity specifically in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) are also detailed. Chapter 2 describes the preparation of new Z-selective cyclometalated ruthenium metathesis catalysts via an improved method employing sodium carboxylates. Effects of the cyclometalated NHC ligand on catalyst activity and selectivity in several cross metathesis assays, as well as macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis and other industrially relevant transformations, are investigated. Chapter 3 relates a story in two parts: the first details the synthesis and activity of a series of novel cyclometalated ruthenium alkylidenes displaying unprecedented cis,syndio-selectivity in the ROMP of norbornene- and norbornadiene-derived monomers. The second comprises an extensive study into the origins of stereoselectivity in ROMP in these and related cyclometalated ruthenium initiators. Experimental results are used in conjunction with a computational analysis of propagation transition states to develop a complete stereochemical model for cis,syndio-selctivity in these systems.
Characterization of the nuclear matrix proteins in a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer (2002)

The nuclear matrix (NM) contains a number of proteins that have been found to be associated with transformation. We have previously identified changes in the NM associated with prostate cancer. In this study, we examine the molecular changes that are associated with prostate cancer development in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model by studying the differences in the NM proteins (NMPs). We collected prostates from the TRAMP males at six critical time points: 6 weeks (puberty), 11 and 19 weeks (development of mild hyperplasia), 25 weeks (development of severe hyperplasia), 31 and 37 weeks (development of neoplasia). The nuclear matrices from the prostates collected at these time points were then isolated and the NMPs were characterized by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found three NMPs (E1A, E1B, and E1C) that were present in the 6-week-old prostate and two NMPs (E2A and E2B) that were present in the 11-week-old prostate. These NMPs were absent in the 31- and 37-week-old prostate. We also found five NMPs (E3A-E3E) that were present in the 31-week-old prostate, but absent in the earlier time points. In addition, three NMPs (Le1, Le2, Le3) were present at higher expression in the 6-, 11-, 19-, and 25-weeks old TRAMP prostates, but they were expressed lower during the development of neoplasia at 31- and 37-weeks old. Identification of these NMPs permits the development of novel markers that can characterize various stages of prostate cancer development as well as potentially therapeutic targets.
Absolute distance measurement using laser interferometric wavelength leverage with a dynamic-sideband-locked synthetic wavelength generation (2021)

Absolute distance measurement with laser interferometry has the advantages of high precision and traceability to the definition of meter but its accuracy is primarily limited by the phase demodulation. Among kinds of absolute distance interferometric measurements, the multi-wavelength interferometry is widely used but seriously limited by the generation of suitable synthetic wavelength and the stability of adopted synthetic wavelength. Inspired by the mechanical lever, we hereby establish a principle of laser interferometric wavelength leverage (LIWL) for absolute distance measurement. By keeping the phase difference in two single wavelengths constant, LIWL achieves the measurement of large distance with respect to synthetic wavelengths by detecting nanometer displacement with respect to a single wavelength. The merit of LIWL is eliminating the influence of phase demodulation error. And a dynamic-sideband locking method based on a high-frequency electro-optic modulator is proposed, which can flexibly and quickly generate variable synthetic wavelengths from tens of kilometer to millimeter with high stability. Experimental setup was constructed and absolute distance measurements were performed. Experimental results show that a measurement range of 100 m with residual error of less than 15 µm has been achieved by comparing the LIWL system and an incremental laser interferometer.
High-affinity alpha-thrombin binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha: identification of two binding domains. (1994)

alpha-Thrombin binding to and activation of platelets are of major importance in the initiation of physiologic thrombi and in the genesis of arterial thrombus formation. We have studied the site(s) and affinity of thrombin binding to human platelets. Our studies of the peptide inhibition of thrombin binding indicate that the glycoprotein Ib alpha binding site is of high affinity, Kd approximately 10(-10) M, while the seven-transmembrane-domain site is a moderate-affinity thrombin binding site, Kd approximately 10(-8) M. Further studies to modulate the high- or moderate-affinity thrombin binding can be directed to a specific class of sites. This would allow partial or total inhibition of specific thrombin-platelet interaction(s) in different clinical settings.
Substrate-Enhanced Electroless Deposition of Metal Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

By simply supporting carbon nanotubes with a metal substrate of a redox potential lower than that of the metal ions to be reduced into nanoparticles, we have developed a facile yet versatile and effective substrate-enhanced electroless deposition (SEED) method for functionalizing nanotubes with a large variety of metal nanoparticles, including those otherwise impossible by more conventional electroless deposition methods, in the absence of any additional reducing agent. The nanotube-supported metal nanoparticles thus produced are electrochemically active, and the newly developed SEED process represents a significant advance in functionalization of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles for a wide range of potential applications, including in advanced sensing and catalytic systems.
Alternated duty cycle control method for half-bridge DC-DC converter (2004)

A control method, namely, alternated duty cycle (ADC) control, is presented in this paper. This method can achieve soft-switching for at least one switch of the two half-bridge switches. When soft-switching can be only achieved for one switch, ADC control alternates the soft-switching realization between the two switches so that each switch will be soft-switched during half of the time and hard-switched during the other half, keeping equal power losses distribution between the switches. Moreover, any asymmetry in the duty cycle will not cause asymmetric components stresses or transformer DC bias when ADC control is used. Theoretical analysis and implementation are presented along with experimental results.
Preoperative serum microRNA-203 as a novel prognostic and metastasis-predictive biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer. (2015)

564 Background: Distant metastasis is the major causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process that converts polarized immotile epithelial cells into motile, invasive mesenchymal cells, enabling cancer cells to gain stem cell characteristics and an aggressive malignant phenotype such as metastasis. Mir-203 has been shown to directly suppress EMT activators such as ZEB2 and SNAI1/2. However, in spite of the key functional role of miR-203 in cancer metastasis, no previous studies have investigated the clinical significance of miR-203 in patients with CRC. Methods: To examine whether CRCs secret miR-203 in vitro and vivo,we first determined extracellular miR-203 levels in CRC cell culture media. Then, we quantified miR-203 levels in serum from mice with or without metastasis. Next, we investigated miR-203 expression in 58 pairs of primary CRC (pCRC) and corresponding matching liver metastasis (LM), as well as 186 serum and 154 matched tissue specimens from CRC patients. Results: HT-29 cells released miR-203 into culture media, which was dependent on cell number and duration of culture. In addition, high serum miR-203 levels were observed in mice with liver metastasis compared to control animals (p=0.0181). Mir-203 expression was significantly upregulated in LM compared to matching pCRC tissues (p=0.0002). Serum miR-203 was significantly upregulated in a tumor stage-dependent manner (p=0.0070), and high miR-203 expression was associated with poor survival in CRC patients (p<0.0001). In contrast to serum, no significant association between miR-203 expression in CRC tissues and clinicopathological findings was recognized. High serum miR-203 expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=2.1) as well as metastasis to lymph nodes (OR=2.5), liver (OR=6.2), peritoneum (OR=7.2), and distant organs (OR=4.4), respectively. Conclusions: High levels of serum miR-203, which may be derived from several metastatic sites, are associated with poor survival and metastasis, suggesting it is a promising non-invasive prognostic and metastasis-predictive biomarker in patients with CRC.
Pre- and postexposure protection against virulent anthrax infection in mice by humanized monoclonal antibodies to <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> capsule (2010)

One of the two essential virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis is the poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (γDPGA) capsule. Five γDPGA-specific antibody antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) were generated from immunized chimpanzees. The two selected for further study, Fabs 11D and 4C, were both converted into full-length IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs having human IgG1 or IgG3 constant regions. These two mAbs had similar binding affinities, in vitro opsonophagocytic activities, and in vivo efficacies, with the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses reacting similarly. The mAbs bound to γDPGA specifically with estimated binding affinities (K(d)) of 35-70 nM and effective affinities (effective K(d)) of 0.1-0.3 nM. The LD(50) in an opsonophagocytic bactericidal assay was ≈10 ng/mL of 11D or 4C. A single 30-μg dose of either mAb given to BALB/c mice 18 h before challenge conferred about 50% protection against a lethal intratracheal spore challenge by the virulent B. anthracis Ames strain. More importantly, either mAb given 8 h or 20 h after challenge provided significant protection against lethal infection. Thus, these anti-γDPGA mAbs should be useful, alone or in combination with antitoxin mAbs, for achieving a safe and efficacious postexposure therapy for anthrax.
Direct biologically based biosensing of dynamic physiological function (2001)

Dynamic regulation of biological systems requires real-time assessment of relevant physiological needs. Biosensors, which transduce biological actions or reactions into signals amenable to processing, are well suited for such monitoring. Typically, in vivo biosensors approximate physiological function via the measurement of surrogate signals. The alternative approach presented here would be to use biologically based biosensors for the direct measurement of physiological activity via functional integration of relevant governing inputs. We show that an implanted excitable-tissue biosensor (excitable cardiac tissue) can be used as a real-time, integrated bioprocessor to analyze the complex inputs regulating a dynamic physiological variable (heart rate). This approach offers the potential for long-term biologically tuned quantification of endogenous physiological function.
T-Cell Receptor Vβ8.1 Peptide Reduces Coxsackievirus-induced Cardiopathology during Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2003)

Infection of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as LP-BM5 infection in mice results in progressive deterioration of the immune system in the majority of untreated hosts. Peptide immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in the stimulation or immunoregulation of T-helper 1 (T(H)1) and T-helper 2 (T(H) 2) response subsets. In murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), T(H)1 deficiency enables the host to be susceptible to coxsackievirus infection, inducing cardiopathology in a short period. T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta8.1 peptide, a 16-mer peptide containing the entire CDR1 segment and part of the FR2 region of human Vbeta8, showed both an immunoregulating and immunostimulating effect in murine AIDS. TCR Vbeta8.1 peptide acts on T cells promoting interleukin-2 production and therefore enhancing a cell-mediated immune response. It retarded development of cardiopathology due to coxsackievirus infection. Retrovirus-infected mice treated with the peptide showed a longer life span than the nontreated, retrovirus-infected animals.
Erosion of a new family of biodegradable polyanhydrides (1994)

Abstract Studies investigating the erosion mechanism of the newly developed poly (fatty acid dimer: sebacic acid) polyanhydride (p:[FAD:SA]) are described. The overall erosion of different monomer compositions of p(FAD:SA) copolymers was examined to determine whether and to what extent copolymer properties affected polymer erosion. Increasing the hydrophobic monomer (FAD) content up to 50 wt% in the copolymer resulted in longer erosion, whereas further increases up to 70 wt% decreased the erosion period. Polymer crystallinity depended on copolymer FAD content. Copolymer degradation was studied by examining anhydride bond hydrolysis using infrared spectroscopy. Much faster hydrolysis was found in p(FAD:SA) 70:30 compared with more crystalline copolymers of higher SA content. Light microscopy indicates the presence of an erosion zone, a distinct area where mass loss occurs. This erosion zone moves from the outside toward the interior of the polymer matrix. It plays an important role in erosion because any water or monomer must diffuse through this eroded layer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Role of Homeobox Genes in Vascular Remodeling and Angiogenesis (2000)

Homeodomain-containing transcription factors are critical in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and they play an important role in organogenesis and pattern formation during embryogenesis. There is evidence that some of them are oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The cardiovascular system undergoes extensive remodeling during embryogenesis and disease states such as atherosclerosis and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and homeobox genes may play an important role in regulating these processes. Recently, homeobox genes have been detected in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and they are implicated in pathological processes such as arterial restenosis after balloon angioplasty and tumor-induced angiogenesis. The cellular function of some of these genes is beginning to be elucidated. Therefore, we briefly review what is currently known about the involvement of homeobox transcription factors in both physiological and pathological vascular remodeling and angiogenesis.
Measurement system design of an imaging electromagnetic flow meter (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Y. Y. Zhao, G. Lucas, T. Leeungculsatien, T. Zhang; Measurement system design of an imaging electromagnetic flow meter. AIP Conference Proceedings 22 March 2012; 1428 (1): 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3694714 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A Sixteen-Context Dynamic Optically Reconfigurable Gate Array (2009)

Demand for fast dynamic reconfiguration has increased since dynamic reconfiguration can accelerate the performance of implementation circuits on a programmable device. Such dynamic reconfiguration necessitates two important features: fast reconfiguration and numerous contexts. However, because fast reconfiguration and numerous contexts share a tradeoff relation on current VLSIs, optically reconfigurable gate arrays (ORGAs) have been developed to resolve this dilemma.ORGAs can realize a large virtual gate count that is much larger than those of current VLSI chips by exploiting the large storage capacity of a holographic memory. Furthermore, ORGAs can realize fast reconfiguration through use of large bandwidth optical connections between a holographic memory and a programmable gate array VLSI. Among such developments, we have been developing dynamic optically reconfigurable gate arrays (DORGAs)that realize a high gate density VLSI using a photodiode memory architecture. This paper presents the first demonstration of a 16-context DORGA architecture. Furthermore, we present experimental results: 530-833 ns reconfiguration times and 5-9.375 us retention times.
Determination of optimal wind turbine alignment into the wind and detection of alignment changes with SCADA data (2018)

Abstract. Upwind horizontal axis wind turbines need to be aligned with the main wind direction to maximize energy yield. Attempts have been made to improve the yaw alignment with advanced measurement equipment but most of these techniques introduce additional costs and rely on alignment tolerances with the rotor axis or the true north. Turbines that are well aligned after commissioning, may suffer an alignment degradation during their operational lifetime. Such changes need to be detected as soon as possible to minimize power losses. The objective of this paper is to propose a three-step methodology to improve turbine alignment and detect changes during operational lifetime with standard nacelle metrology (met) mast instruments (here: two cup anemometer and one wind vane). In step one, a reference turbine and an external undisturbed reference wind signal, e.g. met mast or lidar are used to determine flow corrections for the nacelle wind direction instruments to obtain a turbine alignment with optimal power production. Secondly a nacelle wind speed correction is enabling the application of the previous step without additional external measurement equipment. Step three is a monitoring application and allows to detect alignment changes on the wind direction measurement device by means of a flow equilibrium between the two anemometers behind the rotor. The three steps are demonstrated at two 2 MW turbines together with a ground based lidar. A first order multi linear regression model gives sufficient correction of the flow distortion behind the rotor for our purposes and two wind vane alignment changes are detected with an accuracy of ±1.4 ° within three days of operation after the change is introduced. We could show, that standard turbine equipment is able to align a turbine with sufficient accuracy and changes to its alignment can be detected in a reasonable short time which helps to minimize power losses.
Coherent photonic beamformer for a Ka-band phased array antenna receiver implemented in silicon photonic integrated circuit (2017)

The generation of satellite communications with flexible and efficient transmission of radio signals requires a large number of low interfering beams and a maximum exploitation of the available frequency spectrum.
Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter performance in high power applications (2002)

This paper presents a new control scheme for a parallel hybrid active filter system intended for harmonic compensation of large nonlinear loads upto 20 MVA to meet IEEE 519 recommended harmonic standards. The control scheme is based on the concept of synthesizing a dynamically variable inductance and is used for an active filtering application. A synchronous reference frame based controller implements the dynamically varying, negative or positive inductance, by generating active filter inverter voltage commands. This controller based parallel hybrid active filter system can selectively synthesize multiple active inductances at dominant harmonic frequencies without affecting passive filter impedances at all other frequencies. The controller can be used to provide 'current limiting' function to prevent passive filter overloading under ambient harmonic loads and/or supply voltage distortions. Three implementation variations of parallel hybrid active filter system are presented. This paper also proposes the use of power factor correction capacitors as passive filters for parallel hybrid active filter system, controlled to provide multiple tuned harmonic sinks and to increase cost-effectiveness for high power applications. Simulation results with both PWM and square-wave inverters validate the controller operation for mis-tuned passive filters, single and multiple frequency tuning, to achieve harmonic compensation of a 325 kVA harmonic load under supply voltage harmonics and ambient harmonic loads.
Hardware Acceleration of Short Read Mapping (2012)

Bioinformatics is an emerging field with seemingly limitless possibilities for advances in numerous areas of research and applications. We propose a scalable FPGA-based solution to the short read mapping problem in DNA sequencing, which greatly accelerates the task of aligning short length reads to a known reference genome. We compare the runtime, power consumption, and sensitivity of the hardware system to the BFAST and Bowtie software tools. The hardware system demonstrates a 250X speedup versus BFAST and a 31X speedup versus Bowtie on eight CPU cores. Also, the hardware system is more sensitive than Bowtie, which aligns approximately 80% of the short reads, as compared to 91% aligned by the hardware.
Selection of References in Wind Turbine Model Predictive Control Design (2015)

Lowering the cost of energy is one of the major focus areas in the wind turbine industry. Recent research has indicated that wind turbine controllers based on model predictive control methods can be useful in obtaining this objective. A number of design considerations have to be made when designing a model predictive controller for a wind turbine. One of the important aspects for a tracking control problem is how to setup the optimal reference tracking problem, as it might be relevant to track, e.g., the three concurrent references: optimal pitch angle, optimal rotational speed, and optimal power. The importance if the individual references differ depending in particular on the wind speed. In this paper we investigate the performance of a reference tracking model predictive controller with two different setups of the used optimal reference signals. The controllers are evaluated using an industrial high fidelity wind turbine simulator.