gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mid-Infrared Chalcogenide Waveguides for Real-Time and Nondestructive Volatile Organic Compound Detection (2018)

A mid-infrared (mid-IR) sensor chip was demonstrated for volatile organic compound (VOC) detection. The sensor consisted of As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> optical waveguides built by microelectronic fabrication processes. The VOC sensing performance was characterized by measuring acetone and ethanol vapors at their characteristic C-H absorption from λ = 3.40 to 3.50 μm. Continuous VOC detection with <5 s response time was achieved by measuring the intensity attenuation of the waveguide mode. The miniaturized noninvasive VOC sensor can be applied to breath analysis and environmental toxin monitoring.
Synthesis of Macroporous Polymer Particles Using Reactive Gelation under Shear (2014)

By combining elements from colloidal and polymer reaction engineering a new approach toward macroporous, mechanically robust polymer particles is presented, which does not require any porogenic additives. Specifically, aggregation and breakage in turbulent conditions of aggregates originating from fully destabilized primary latex particles is applied to produce compact, micrometer-sized clusters. Post-polymerization of monomer introduced initially to swell the primary particles is imparting mechanical rigidity and permanence to the internal structure. The resulting microclusters exhibit an internal porosity on the order of 70% and relatively broad pore size distribution, with exceptionally large pores, ranging from about 50 nm to 10 μm in diameter. These particulate microclusters, produced via reactive gelation under shear, are fractal objects with fractal dimension around 2.7, as opposed to the more open fractal structure of a monolith produced via stagnant reactive gelation, with fractal dimension of 1.9. Such macroporous particles are thought to be useful in applications requiring pores on the micrometer scale, e.g., in the chromatography of biomolecules or for packing beds perfusive to convective flow.
Novel Pyridyl- or Isoquinolinyl-Substituted Indolines and Indoles as Potent and Selective Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors (2014)

Pathologically, high levels of aldosterone are associated with severe cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial fibrosis. The inhibition of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) to reduce aldosterone levels has been proposed as a promising treatment for diseases related to CYP11B2 because it is the crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone. A series of novel pyridyl- or isoquinolinyl-substituted indolines and indoles was designed via a ligand-based approach. The synthesized compounds were tested and found to be strong CYP11B2 inhibitors. The most potent ones showed IC50 values of less than 3 nM, being similarly potent as fadrozole and LCI699. Among them, compounds 14 and 23 showed good selectivity over the highly homologous CYP11B1, with selectivity factors (SF = IC50 CYP11B1/IC50 CYP11B2) around 170; thus, they are superior to fadrozole and LCI699 (SFs < 15). These potent CYP11B2 inhibitors exhibited no inhibition (IC50 > 50 μM) of a panel of hepatic CYP enzymes including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 and the crucial steroidogenic enzymes, CYP17 and CYP19. Because of these advantageous profiles, compounds 14 and 23 are considered to be candidates for further in vivo evaluation.
Degradation of HER2/neu by ANT2 shRNA suppresses migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cells (2010)

These results indicate that knock-down of ANT2 by shRNA down-regulates HER2/neu through suppression of HSP90's function and inhibits the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, resulting ultimately in suppressed migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
Genome sequence of Ensifer adhaerens OV14 provides insights into its ability as a novel vector for the genetic transformation of plant genomes (2014)

This study reveals the presence of homologs to chromosomally based Agrobacterium genes that support T-DNA transfer within the genome of OV14 and other alphaproteobacteria. The sequencing and analysis of the OV14 genome increases our understanding of T-DNA transfer by non-Agrobacterium species and creates a platform for the continued improvement of Ensifer-mediated transformation (EMT).
Properties of Up Conversion Phosphors Necessary for Small Size Emissive Displays (2011)

Up converters combined with GaAs based semiconductor light sources are described as having potential for emissive displays with very large color gamut and very high resolution. To enable such displays the efficiency and temporal response of the up converting materials were studied and are reported. High efficiency is shown to be possible by proper preparation and utilization of the up converters. Up conversion displays can operate with refresh rates as high as 240 Hz. Operation as either a visible or near infrared display is possible.
Iterative algorithms for variance reduction on compressed sinogram random coincidences in PET (2008)

The use of the ordinary Poisson iterative reconstruction algorithm in PET requires the estimation of expected random coincidences. In a clinical environment, random coincidences are often acquired with a delayed coincidence technique, and expected randoms are estimated through variance reduction (VR) of measured delayed coincidences. In this paper we present iterative VR algorithms for random compressed sinograms, when previously known methods are not applicable. Iterative methods have the advantage of easy adaptation to any acquisition geometry and of allowing the estimation of singles rates at the crystal level when the number of crystals is relatively small. Two types of sinogram compression are considered: axial (span) rebinning and transaxial mashing. A monotonic sequential coordinate descent algorithm, which optimizes the Least Squares objective function, is investigated. A simultaneous update algorithm, which possesses the advantage of easy parallelization, is also derived for both cases of the Least Squares and Poisson Likelihood objective function. Measured data from a Siemens TruePoint clinical scanner are used to validate the algorithm performance.
Transformer-flux-balancing control in isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters (2014)

The paper presents novel transformer-flux-balancing control methods for the isolated bidirectional full-bridge (FB) converter with active clamp and the bidirectional dual-active bridge (DAB) converter. Both approaches are based on the sensing and control of the transformer magnetizing current. For the isolated bidirectional FB converter the magnetizing current is obtained by sensing a single current, whereas for the DAB converter, both primary and secondary currents of the transformer need to be sensed to obtain the magnetizing current. Since in the DAB converter the magnetizing-current control can lead to excessive dc values of the winding currents, an additional control loop that eliminates the dc value of the primary and secondary currents is introduced. Performance of the proposed flux-balancing control for the isolated bidirectional FB converter was experimentally evaluated on a 2-kW prototype.
Variation in Expression of a Bovine α-Lactalbumin Transgene in Milk of Transgenic Mice (1994)

Transgenic mice were produced to study the production of bovine alpha-LA in their milk. A 7.6-kb fragment containing a bovine alpha-LA gene was purified and microinjected into pronuclear stage mouse embryos. This fragment contained 2.0 kb of 5' flanking region, the 1.7-kb coding region, and 2.7 kb of 3' flanking region. Out of 121 potential transgenic founder mice, 3 were identified as being transgenic by the polymerase chain reaction. Multiple mice from the second, third, and fourth generation from each line were milked, and the milk was analyzed using an ELISA assay and Western blots to determine the presence of bovine alpha-LA. Bovine alpha-LA was present at concentrations up to 1.5 mg of protein/ml of mouse milk. The high degree of expression variation between mice within each of the transgenic lines was a characteristic that has not been reported in other studies of transgene expression in milk. Production of bovine alpha-LA in the milk of these transgenic mice showed a high degree of variation both within a lactation and between mice within a line. The bovine alpha-LA concentration in a single line of transgenic mice exhibited as much as a 10-fold variation between mice. Variations as high as 3-fold were detected within a single lactation in the same mouse. These differences in expression appeared to be correlated with mouse milk production; bovine alpha-LA was higher on d 10 and 15 of lactation than on d 5. Transgenic mice that show variation in expression of a bovine gene might offer a unique system for studying quantitative traits in a laboratory model.
Genomic selection (2007)

Genomic selection is a form of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci (QTL) are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. This approach has become feasible thanks to the large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) discovered by genome sequencing and new methods to efficiently genotype large number of SNP. Simulation results and limited experimental results suggest that breeding values can be predicted with high accuracy using genetic markers alone but more validation is required especially in samples of the population different from that in which the effect of the markers was estimated. The ideal method to estimate the breeding value from genomic data is to calculate the conditional mean of the breeding value given the genotype of the animal at each QTL. This conditional mean can only be calculated by using a prior distribution of QTL effects so this should be part of the research carried out to implement genomic selection. In practice, this method of estimating breeding values is approximated by using the marker genotypes instead of the QTL genotypes but the ideal method is likely to be approached more closely as more sequence and SNP data is obtained. Implementation of genomic selection is likely to have major implications for genetic evaluation systems and for genetic improvement programmes generally and these are discussed.
Sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane (2018)

In order to provide an alternative to day-old chick culling in the layer hatcheries, a noninvasive method for egg sexing is required at an early stage of incubation before onset of embryo sensitivity. Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy of blood offers the potential for precise and contactless in ovo sex determination of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. dom.) eggs already during the fourth incubation day. However, such kind of optical spectroscopy requires a window in the egg shell, is thus invasive to the embryo and leads to decreased hatching rates. Here, we show that near infrared Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy can be performed on perfused extraembryonic vessels while leaving the inner egg shell membrane intact. Sparing the shell membrane makes the measurement minimally invasive, so that the sexing procedure does not affect hatching rates. We analyze the effect of the membrane above the vessels on fluorescence signal intensity and on Raman spectrum of blood, and propose a correction method to compensate for it. After compensation, we attain a correct sexing rate above 90% by applying supervised classification of spectra. Therefore, this approach offers the best premises towards practical deployment in the hatcheries.
Temperature-responsive competitive inhibition of CRISPR-Cas9 (2018)

SUMMARY CRISPR–Cas immune systems utilize RNA-guided nucleases to protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection. Bacteriophages have in turn evolved inhibitory ‘anti-CRISPR’ (Acr) proteins, including six inhibitors (AcrIIA1-6) that can block DNA cutting and genome editing by type II-A CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes. We show here that AcrIIA2 and its homologue, AcrIIA2b, prevent Cas9 binding to DNA by occluding protein residues required for DNA binding. Cryo-EM-determined structures of AcrIIA2 or AcrIIA2b bound to S. pyogenes Cas9 reveal a mode of competitive inhibition of DNA binding that is distinct from other known Acrs. Differences in the temperature dependence of Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIA2 and AcrIIA2b arise from differences in both inhibitor structure and the local inhibitor-binding environment on Cas9. These findings expand the natural toolbox for regulating CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing temporally, spatially and conditionally.
Design, Synthesis, and Application of Chiral <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric Spiroketal‐Containing Ligands in Transition‐Metal Catalysis (2018)

We present an expedient and economical route to a new spiroketal-based C<sub>2</sub> -symmetric chiral scaffold, termed SPIROL. Based on this spirocyclic scaffold, several chiral ligands were generated. These ligands were successfully employed in an array of stereoselective transformations, including in iridium-catalyzed hydroarylations (up to 95 % ee), palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations (up to 97 % ee), intermolecular palladium-catalyzed Heck couplings (up to 94 % ee), and rhodium-catalyzed dehydroalanine hydrogenation (up to 93 % ee).
Intracellular MUC1 Peptides Inhibit Cancer Progression (2008)

These data show that intracellular MUC1 peptides possess significant antitumor activity and have important clinical applications in the treatment of cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazole‐boranes: Stable and Efficient Reagents for Ketone and Aldehyde Reductive Amination in Organic Solvents or in Water. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multi-speed electrical generator application to wind turbines (1980)

A cost-effective method to achieve increased energy conversion from wind turbine generators is presented. Most large wind turbines designed to supply electricity to a power network have been optimized at a single rotor speed to maintain synchronism with the grid. Suboptimal performance results from spatial and temporal variation in actual wind speeds. Use of mechanical or electrical devices to allow variable or multiple rotor speeds in operation to obtain more efficient aerodynamic performance over a wider range of wind speeds can improve annual energy capture from 10 to 30%. The pole amplitude modulated multispeed induction generator is shown to achieve such benefits without introduction of adverse costs or inefficiencies associated with other conventional approaches.
Video color enhancement using neural networks (1996)

Television pictures are not always at their best color saturation settings. We propose an intelligent system that automatically adjusts the color saturation on a field-by-field basis. Incoming pictures are first classified into one of two categories, namely, facial tone and nonfacial tone images, then each category is subcategorized. Depending on the membership of the picture to each subcategory, color saturation changes are computed and used to modify the color saturation of the following field. The categorization is done by using neural network classifiers operating on the color difference signals. We describe the principles of the color correction scheme, its implementation using analog hardware and its interface to a television. Performance of the color adjustment technique implemented using real-time hardware in a television is discussed. Oversaturated and under-saturated pictures in both facial and nonfacial tone categories can be detected and corrected. The technique lends itself to low-cost analog implementations.
Short synthesis of the optically active E-ring portion of (S)-camptothecin (2001)

(5S)-5-Benzyloxy-5-ethyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid, the protected E-ring moiety of (S)-camptothecin, has been rapidly prepared in enantiomerically enriched form (98% ee) through enolate conjugate addition to a β-bromo methacrylate derivative, followed by enzymatic resolution with PLE.
Real time THz imaging based on frequency upconversion (2015)

We demonstrate video rate-terahertz imaging based on upconversion of THz pulses to the infrared. Mixing of narrow bandwidth THz pulses (centered at 1.5 THz) with strong IR pulses at 1064 nm generates sidebands separated from the IR spectrum by the THz frequency. Removal of the strong IR background enables high speed detection of the upconverted signal with a CMOS camera. Real time imaging of concealed objects is demonstrated with this system.
Optical associatron: a simple model for optical associative memory (1989)

A new neural network architecture for optical computing is proposed. This architecture can be used for implementing a simple system based on a modified theory of the associative memories. It is shown that the memorized patterns can be recalled perfectly by an experimental system using two microchannel spatial light modulators. The modified theory and principle of operation of the optical associatron system are discussed, and the system itself and basic experimental results are also described.
Reaction of N‐Monosubstituted Hydrazones with Nitroolefins: A Novel Regioselective Pyrazole Synthesis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ARRAYS OF VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS GO COMMERCIAL (1994)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text JACK JEWELL and GREG OLBRIGHT, "ARRAYS OF VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS GO COMMERCIAL," Optics & Photonics News 5(3), 8-11 (1994) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Making Thermoplastics Flame-Resistant (1984)

Inorganic hydrate-salt filler coated with elastomer containing acidic groups imparts flame and smoke retardancy to thermoplastics while preventing degradation of impact resistance that results from high filler loadings in thermoplastic.
The fibrinolytic system and the regulation of lung epithelial cell proteolysis, signaling, and cellular viability (2008)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are key components of the fibrinolytic system and are expressed by lung epithelial cells. uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, it has become clear that regulation of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 occurs at the posttranscriptional level of mRNA stability in lung epithelial cells. uPA further mediates its own expression in these cells as well as that of uPAR and PAI-1 through induction of changes in mRNA stability. In addition, uPA-mediated signaling controls the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in lung epithelial cells at the posttranslational level. p53 has recently been shown to be a trans-acting uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA-binding protein that regulates the stability of these mRNAs. It is now clear that signaling initiated by uPA mediates dose-dependent regulation of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and likewise involves changes in p53, uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 expression. These findings demonstrate that the uPA-uPAR-PAI-1 system of lung epithelial cells mediates a broad repertoire of responses that encompass but extend well beyond traditional fibrinolysis, involve newly recognized interactions with p53 that influence the viability of the lung epithelium, and are thereby implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI and its repair.
Performance Analysis and Joint Statistical Beamformer Design for Multi-User MIMO Systems (2020)

In this letter, we propose techniques for joint transmit and receive beamforming in downlink multi-user MIMO systems under Rayleigh fading channels using knowledge of the second-order statistics. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we derive a closed-form expression for the outage probability for a general channel model using a recent covariance shaping method and for the conventional Kronecker structured model. Second, we present an outage minimization technique obtained by designing the transmit and receive beamformers. The transmit beamformers maximize the statistics of the signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio, while the receive beamformers minimize the cross-covariance of all users. Our techniques are “blind” in the sense that they do not require the transmission of pilot symbols, nor the estimation of the instantaneous state of the channel, making them bandwidth efficient. The derived theoretical results are validated via Monte Carlo simulations and show significant reduction in the outage probability by employing the proposed statistical beamforming techniques.
Sliding window energy detection for spectrum sensing under low SNR conditions (2015)

Abstract For spectrum sensing, energy detection has the advantages of low complexity, rapid analysis, and requires no knowledge of the transmission signal, which makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. However, under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions, the required window length (or the time‐bandwidth product) for energy detection to achieve a desired detection performance is large. In addition, conventional energy detection assumes that the detection tests are independent, that is, there is no overlap between individual detection tests. These properties significantly reduce the detection speed when energy detection is used for the continuous monitoring over a communication channel for the detection of signal transmission activities. In this paper, we propose a sliding window detection analysis with overlap among multiple tests. Algorithms for effective performance analysis of the proposed sliding window energy detection are proposed. The impact of window length on distribution of detection time is investigated. Simulation results on the proposed sliding window energy detection are also compared with the theoretically predicted and conventional energy detection performance estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.