gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel biotransformations of 4-chlorobiphenyl by a Pseudomonas sp (1988)

A bacterium, tentatively identified as a representative of the genus Pseudomonas (strain MB86), was isolated from soil contaminated by wood-preservation chemicals by using 4-chlorobenzoate as an enrichment substrate. The pseudomonad was able to grow on 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-chlorobiphenyl as sole carbon and energy sources. Spent culture medium from 4-chlorobiphenyl-grown cells contained 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 4'-chloroacetophenone, 2-hydroxy,2-[4'-chlorophenyl] ethane, and 2-oxo,2-[4'-chlorophenyl] ethanol as metabolites. 4'-Chloroacetophenone was produced in large amounts, possibly as a dead-end metabolite.
JNK-independent Activation of c-Jun during Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Multiple DNA-damaging Agents (2003)

Activation of the JNK pathway and induction of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun are critical for neuronal apoptosis caused by a variety of insults. Ara-C-induced DNA damage caused rapid sympathetic neuronal death that was associated with an increase of c-jun expression. In addition, c-Jun was phosphorylated in its N-terminal transactivation domain, which is important for c-Jun-mediated gene transcription. Blocking c-Jun activation by JNK pathway inhibition prevented neuronal death after stress. In contrast, neither the JNK inhibitor SP600125 nor the mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 prevented cytosine arabinoside-induced neuronal death, demonstrating that the JNK pathway was not necessary for DNA damage-induced neuronal apoptosis. Surprisingly, SP600125 or CEP-1347 could not block c-Jun induction or phosphorylation after DNA damage. Pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity completely prevented c-Jun phosphorylation after DNA damage. These results demonstrate that c-Jun activation during DNA damage-induced neuronal apoptosis was independent of the classical JNK pathway and was mediated by a novel c-Jun kinase. Based on pharmacological criteria, DNA damage-induced neuronal c-Jun kinase may be a member of the CDK family or be activated by a CDK-like kinase. Activation of this novel kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of c-Jun may be important in neuronal death after DNA damage.
Throughput optimal communication strategy for wireless random access channel (2013)

We consider a wireless time-slotted random access channel where user arrivals are characterized by a Poisson process. Each user comes with a fixed payload, which has to be transmitted in the slot in which it arrives. If the transmission is successful, the user leaves the system, else it is dropped. The receiver and users are assumed to have knowledge of the arrival rate λ, but they are not aware of the actual number of users simultaneously attempting to communicate during a given time slot. In contrast to a conventional slotted ALOHA-based strategy where the channel is partitioned into orthogonal subchannels and each user communicates on a randomly chosen subchannel, we propose a novel strategy whereby users transmit simultaneously over the entire channel resource and the receiver jointly decodes the transmissions. Under the proposed strategy, neither users nor the receiver have prior knowledge of the active user set. Our analysis concretely demonstrates that the proposed strategy is optimal in terms of maximizing the average throughput among all uncoordinated strategies. Numerical results show that the proposal provides an order of magnitude throughput improvement compared to slotted ALOHA in a single-cell environment under a 10% maximum outage constraint.
Medipix2/Timepix detector for time resolved Transmission Electron Microscopy (2011)

We have investigated the use of a Timepix detector as a method for increasing the realisable temporal resolution of a conventional 200keV transmission electron microscope (TEM). Evaluation of both single and integral mode image exposures was performed. Single exposure mode images showed that the available electron beam current became the limiting factor for timescales < 100 mu s. Analysis of integral mode images showed that exposures times down to 500 ns were possible but that increases in image intensity and noise occurred. The performance data obtained represents a significant performance improvement on current TEM CCD imaging detectors.
Use of Reconstructed Small Intestine Submucosa for Urinary Tract Replacement (2000)

We used reconstructed SIS (ReSIS), a photocrosslinked biomaterial, to create grafts in various shapes and sizes. Sheets of ReSIS were placed in 14 swine to repair bladder defects, and ReSIS tubes were placed in six swine to replace a segment of excised ureter. Histologic analysis of the bladder repair revealed transitional urothelial cells lining the ReSIS by 1 week. After 2 weeks, fibroblasts and mononuclear cells had infiltrated the ReSIS, neovascularization had occurred, and the urothelial lining was more complex, containing multiple cell layers. After 4 weeks, a definite submucosa was present and the ReSIS was starting to degrade. An initial muscular regeneration was demonstrated at 12 weeks. No foreign body reaction, calcification, or sedimentation was noted in any animal. The ureteral implants showed identical histologic changes, without obstruction or leakage of the replaced segment. The ReSIS allowed rapid urothelial regeneration, ingrowth of new blood vessels, and the orderly deposition and organization of new collagen. Our study demonstrates that the photocrosslinking technique used to create larger sheets and tubes of this biomaterial (ReSIS) does not detract from the positive attributes of the SIS and should improve its usefulness in accomplishing larger bladder augmentations and ureter replacements.
Multi-aspects Review Summarization Based on Identification of Important Opinions and their Similarity (2010)

The development of the Web services lets many users easily provide their opinions recently. Automatic summarization of enormous sentiments has been expected. Intuitively, we can summarize a review with traditional document summarization methods. However, such methods have not well-discussed Basically, a review consists of sentiments with various aspects. We summarize reviews for each aspect so that the summary presents information without biasing to a specific topic. In this paper, we propose a method for multi- aspects review summarization based on evaluative sentence extraction. We handle three fea- tures; ratings of aspects, the tf -idf value, and the number of mentions with a similar topic. For estimating the number of mentions, we apply a clustering algorithm. By integrating these features, we generate a more appropriate summary. The experiment results show the effectiveness of our method.
Four-focus single-particle position determination in a confocal microscope (2010)

We discuss the capabilities for sub-diffraction, single-nanoparticle position determination in a confocal one- or twophoton microscope with four-focus pulse-interleaved excitation and time-gated single-photon counting. As the technique is scalable to multiple detectors for multi-color observations, it can be used to find the separations of differently colored molecules over a distance range that is complementary to that achievable by FRET. Also, there is a possibility for improved spatial localization by using the nonlinearity of saturation of the excitation or by using the technique together with imaging of the point spread function. Applications of two experimental set-ups for four-focus fluorescence excitation for studies of quantum dots and single-particle manipulation and trapping are also discussed.
Learning based Transmitter/Receiver Design for the Nonlinear Channel (2021)

We present our study results on the neural network based approaches to the transmitter/receiver design over nonlinear channel. In the first part, we discuss the transmitter design for the peak-to-average power (PAPR) reduction. The algorithm unrolling is applied to a well-known PAPR reduction algorithm. The learning-based approach achieves the performance on par with the classical approach, but at the smaller computational complexity. The second part discusses the joint transmitter/receiver design for the mitigation of the transmitter nonlinearity. It is shown that by combining the neural network with the unfolded algorithm for PAPR reduction at the transmitter and employing the receiver neural network, sizable gain is achieved when the emission criterion is relaxed.
High tunability of the work function of (001) surface of ReO3 with O-vacancies: First principles analysis (2014)

Physical and chemical properties of transition metal oxides are central to the emerging field of oxide electronics. However, they are greatly influenced by defects, particularly, oxygen vacancies, which are always present in oxides. Here, we show how the control of oxygen vacancies at (001) surface of ReO3 can be used to tune its work function from 7 to 3 eV, based on first-principles density functional theoretical calculations of its structure, electronic and magnetic properties. The work function is shown to correlate directly with the stability of surface and exhibit a linear dependence on surface energy. We further assess the stability of ReO3 surface by determining its phonon dispersion, and explain how the surface stresses effectively strengthen structural instability leading to size dependence of its pressure dependent structural phase transitions observed experimentally. Our results highlight how significantly oxygen vacancies alter the work function of a metallic oxide and has important consequences to development of electronic devices and catalysts based on oxide heterostructures.
Perylene Bisimides with Rigid 2,2′-Biphenol Bridges at Bay Area as Conjugated Chiral Platforms (2010)

Facile nucleophilic substitution of two chlorine atoms by 2,2'-biphenol at one of the two bay areas (1,12- and 6,7-positions) of core-tetrachlorinated perylene bisimide afforded a novel, completely desymmetrized perylene bisimide building block, which could be further functionalized by substitution of the remaining two chlorine atoms. The atropisomers (P- and M-enantiomers) of the core twisted perylene bisimides were resolved by HPLC on a chiral column at room temperature, and the activation parameters for racemization were elucidated.
Orexin/hypocretin receptor modulation of anxiolytic and antidepressive responses during social stress and decision-making: Potential for therapy (2018)

Hypothalmic orexin/hypocretin (Orx) neurons in the lateral and dorsomedial perifornical region (LH-DMH/PeF) innervate broadly throughout the brain, and receive similar inputs. This wide distribution, as well as two Orx peptides (Orx<sub>A</sub> and Orx<sub>B</sub>) and two Orx receptors (Orx<sub>1</sub> and Orx<sub>2</sub>) allow for functionally related but distinctive behavioral outcomes, that include arousal, sleep-wake regulation, food seeking, metabolism, feeding, reward, addiction, and learning. These are all motivational functions, and tie the orexin systems to anxiety and depression as well. We present evidence, that for affective behavior, Orx<sub>1</sub> and Orx<sub>2</sub> receptors appear to have opposing functions. The majority of research on anxiety- and depression-related outcomes has focused on Orx<sub>1</sub> receptors, which appear to have primarily anxiogenic and pro-depressive actions. Although there is significant research suggesting contrary findings, the primary potential for pharmacotherapies linked to the Orx<sub>1</sub> receptor is via antagonists to block anxious and depressive behavior. Dual orexin receptor antagonists have been approved for treatment of sleep disorders, and are likely candidates for adaptation for affect disorder treatments. However, we present evidence here that demonstrates the Orx<sub>2</sub> receptors are anxiolytic and antidepressive. Using a new experimental pre-clinical model of anxious and depressive behavior stimulated by social stress and decision-making that produces two stable behavioral phenotypes, Escape/Resilient and Stay/Susceptible, we tested the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of Orx<sub>2</sub> agonist and antagonist drugs. Over ten behavioral measures, we have demonstrated that Orx<sub>2</sub> agonists promote resilience, as well as anxiolytic and antidepressive behavior. In contrast, Orx<sub>2</sub> antagonists or knockdown kindle anxious and pro-depressive behavior plus increase susceptibility. The results suggest that the Orx<sub>2</sub> receptor may be a useful target for pharmacotherapies to treat anxiety and depression.
The oncogenic effects of p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) in colon cancer cells (2017)

The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3), initially identified as a gene downstream of p53, plays an important role in the apoptotic process triggered by p53-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recently, several studies have suggested that PIG3 may play a role in various types of cancer. However, the functional significance of PIG3 in cancer remains unclear. Here, we found that PIG3 was highly expressed in human colon cancer cell lines compared to normal colonderived fibroblasts. Therefore, we attempted to elucidate the functional role of PIG3 in colon cancer. PIG3 overexpression increases the colony formation, migration and invasion ability of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Conversely, these tumorigenic abilities were significantly decreased in <i>in vitro</i> studies with PIG3 knockdown HCT116 cells. PIG3 knockdown also attenuated the growth of mouse xenograft tumors. These results demonstrate that PIG3 is associated with the tumorigenic potential of cancer cells, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and could play a key oncogenic role in colon cancer.
Normally-Off Operation of AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor with Clamping Diode (2016)

This paper reports a new method to enable the normally-off operation of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs). A capacitor was connected to the gate input node of a normally-on AlGaN/GaN HFET with a Schottky gate where the Schottky gate acted as a clamping diode. The combination of the capacitor and Schottky gate functioned as a clamp circuit to downshift the input signal to enable the normally-off operation. The normally-off operation with a virtual threshold voltage of 5.3 V was successfully demonstrated with excellent dynamic switching characteristics.
Interactive computer program for biomechanical analysis of videoradiographic studies of swallowing (1989)

Interactive computer program for biomechanical analysis of videoradiographic studies of swallowingJA Logemann, PJ Kahrilas, J Begelman, WJ Dodds and BR PauloskiAudio Available | Share
Thematic workshop on fluorescence compensation settings in multicolor flow cytometry (2006)

In his program of thematic one-day workshops, the French Association of Cytometry had organized a workshop dedicated to the fluorescence compensation settings in multicolor flow cytometry. This special day was in honor of our past President Jean Luc D'Hautcourt who has been involved in the quality of the use of flow cytometry in its clinical and research purposes. Review on fluorescence phenomena, compensation rules, settings, and few observed confounding situations were presented.
Luminescent Amphiphilic 2,6‐Bis(1‐alkylpyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridyl Platinum(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Langmuir–Blodgett Film Formation Studies (2010)

A new series of platinum(II) complexes with tridentate ligands 2,6-bis(1-alkyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine and 2,6-bis(1-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (N7R), [Pt(N7R)Cl]X (1-7) and [Pt(N7R)(CCR')]X (8-17; R=n-C4 H9 , n-C8 H17 , n-C12 H25 , n-C14 H29 , n-C18 H37 , C6 H5 , and CH2 -C6 H5 ; R'=C6 H5 , C6 H4 -CH3 -p, C6 H4 -CF3 -p, C6 H4 -N(CH3 )2 -p, and cholesteryl 2-propyn-1-yl carbonate; X=OTf(-) , PF6 (-) , and Cl(-) ), has been synthesized and characterized. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties have also been studied. Two amphiphilic platinum(II)2,6-bis(1-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine complexes (3-Cl and 8) were found to form stable and reproducible Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films at the air/water interface. These LB films were characterized by the study of their surface-pressure-molecular-area (π-A) isotherms, XRD, and IR and polarized-IR spectroscopy.
SCV를 장착한 CNG 엔진의 연소 및 배출가스 특성 (2003)

Natural gas is one of the promising altemative fuels because of the abundant deposits and the cleanness of emission gas. CNG has a lot of merits except lower buming speed has a slow disadvantage. One way to overcome the disadvantage is to raise a turbulence intensity. We give various intake for changing turbulence intensity in the cylinder by three kinds of swirl control valve with a way to raise a turbulence intensity. In the present study, a 1.8 l conventional gasoline engine is modified to use a CNG as a fuel instead of gasoline. We try to verify combustion and emission characteristics in each engine parameters. Parameters of experimentation are equivalence ratio, spark timing and intake flow change. The results of this study are as follows. In the case of adding swirl flow, burning speed and torque are increased. But NOx and THC concentration are increased a little respectively.
The long‐acting β2‐agonist salmeterol xinafoate: effects on airway inflammation in asthma (1999)

Salmeterol xinafoate is an inhaled long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist recently introduced for the treatment of asthma. Both in vitro and animal studies suggest that it may have anti-inflammatory activities of benefit in this disease. To assess this directly, the effects of 6 weeks' treatment with salmeterol on indices of clinical activity, airway dysfunction and inflammation in subjects with stable atopic asthma were investigated. In a double blind study, asthmatic patients were randomized to 6 weeks' treatment with either salmeterol 50 microg twice daily (n=14) or placebo (n=12). They underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy immediately before starting treatment and again after 6 weeks. Treatment with salmeterol improved clinical indices of asthma activity, but there were no changes in BAL differential cell counts or mediator levels, and no change in T-cell numbers or activation status. In the biopsy specimens there were no changes in numbers of inflammatory cells, sub-basement membrane collagen deposition or mast cell degranulation. Regular treatment with salmeterol improves clinical indices of asthma but has no effect on the underlying inflammatory process. These findings strengthen guideline recommendations that long-acting beta2-agonists should not be prescribed as sole antiasthma medication.
Exploitation of EP300 and CREBBP Lysine Acetyltransferases by Cancer (2016)

p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP), two homologous lysine acetyltransferases in metazoans, have a myriad of cellular functions. They exert their influence mainly through their roles as transcriptional regulators but also via nontranscriptional effects inside and outside of the nucleus on processes such as DNA replication and metabolism. The versatility of p300/CBP as molecular tools has led to their exploitation by viral oncogenes for cellular transformation and by cancer cells to achieve and maintain an oncogenic phenotype. How cancer cells use p300/CBP in their favor varies depending on the cellular context and is evident by the growing list of loss- and gain-of-function genetic alterations in p300 and CBP in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here, we discuss the biological functions of p300/CBP and how disruption of these functions by mutations and alterations in expression or subcellular localization contributes to the cancer phenotype.
Characterization of Legumain (2002)

The mammalian legumain, also called asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), is critically involved in the processing of bacterial antigens for MHC class II presentation. In order to investigate the substrate specificity of AEP in the P1' position, we created a peptide library and digested it with purified pig kidney AEP. Digestion was less efficient only when proline was in the P1' position. Maximum AEP activity was found in lysosomal fractions of different types of antigen presenting cells (APC). When the multiple sclerosis-associated autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP) was digested with AEP, the immunodominant epitope 83-99 was destroyed. Myoglobin as an alternative substrate was AEP resistant. These results suggest an important, but not necessarily critical role for AEP in lysosomal antigen degradation.
Photocatalysis of sculptured thin films of TiO2 (2001)

Enhanced surface reaction efficiency has been demonstrated in the photocatalysis of obliquely deposited TiO2 thin films with variously shaped columns such as zigzag, cylinder, and helix. The columnar thickness and spacing play an important role in the enhancement of the effective surface area, while the columnar shape is less important. The optimum morphology for a surface reaction has been obtained at the deposition angle α=70°, where the photocatalytic activity is 2.5 times larger than that at α=0°. The morphology controlled obliquely deposited thin films are applicable for solar cell, electro- and photochromic devices besides photocatalyst.
Phosphoarginine stimulation of Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange in squid axons‐‐a new pathway for metabolic regulation? (1995)

1. [Na+]o-dependent Ca2+ efflux (forward Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange), [32P]ATP wash-out curves and [ATP] were measured in internally dialysed squid giant axons at 17-18 degrees C. 2. We found that dialysing squid axons without ATP and with [Ca2+]i around 1 microM the basal levels of the [Na+]o-dependent Ca2+ efflux were significantly higher in the presence of N omega-phosphoarginine (PA). Phosphocreatine, a related phosphagen, is without effect. 3. PA stimulation of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange occurs in the complete absence of ATP (< 1 microM), being independent of, and additive to, the ATP-stimulated [Na+]o-dependent Ca2+ efflux. PA stimulation of [Na+]o-dependent Ca2+ efflux is fully and rapidly reversible with a Km around 7.7 mM. Activation by saturating [PA] is equivalent in magnitude to that of ATP. 4. PA stimulation of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange is markedly dependent on intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Below 0.5 microM Ca2+i PA effect is negligible, becoming noticeable between 0.8 and 2 microM. In addition, Ca2+i considerably increases the rate at which PA activates the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. Although there is no absolute requirement of the PA effect for Mg2+ ions, this divalent cation largely stimulates the PA effect. 5. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the presence in squid axons of a new form of metabolic regulation of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange directly and solely related to PA and different from that of MgATP. This novel mechanism is likely to play a physiological role in Ca2+ extrusion through the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, particularly at micromolar [Ca2+]i.