gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of baroreceptor denervation on the autonomic control of arterial pressure in conscious mice (2011)

This study evaluated the role of arterial baroreceptors in arterial pressure (AP) and pulse interval (PI) regulation in conscious C57BL mice. Male animals, implanted with catheters in a femoral artery and a jugular vein, were submitted to sino-aortic (SAD), aortic (Ao-X) or carotid sinus denervation (Ca-X), 5 days prior to the experiments. After basal recording of AP, the lack of reflex bradycardia elicited by administration of phenylephrine was used to confirm the efficacy of SAD, and cardiac autonomic blockade with methylatropine and propranolol was performed. The AP and PI variability were calculated in the time and frequency domains (spectral analysis/fast Fourier transform) with the spectra quantified in low- (LF; 0.25-1 Hz) and high-frequency bands (HF; 1-5 Hz). Basal AP and AP variability were higher after SAD, Ao-X or Ca-X than in intact mice. Pulse interval was similar among the groups, whereas PI variability was lower after SAD. Atropine elicited a slight tachycardia in control mice but did not change PI after total or partial denervation. The bradycardia caused by propranolol was higher after SAD, Ao-X or Ca-X compared with intact mice. The increase in the variability of AP was accompanied by a marked increase in the LF and HF power of the AP spectra after baroreceptor denervation. The LF and HF power of the PI were reduced by SAD and by Ao-X or Ca-X. Therefore, both sino-aortic and partial baroreceptor denervation in mice elicits hypertension and a remarkable increase in AP variability and cardiac sympathetic tonus. Spectral analysis showed an important contribution of the baroreflex in the power of LF oscillations of the PI spectra. Both sets of baroreceptors seem to be equally important in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in mice.
Pooling is neither necessary nor sufficient for appropriate deformation stability in CNNs (2018)

Many of our core assumptions about how neural networks operate remain empirically untested. One common assumption is that convolutional neural networks need to be stable to small translations and deformations to solve image recognition tasks. For many years, this stability was baked into CNN architectures by incorporating interleaved pooling layers. Recently, however, interleaved pooling has largely been abandoned. This raises a number of questions: Are our intuitions about deformation stability right at all? Is it important? Is pooling necessary for deformation invariance? If not, how is deformation invariance achieved in its absence? In this work, we rigorously test these questions, and find that deformation stability in convolutional networks is more nuanced than it first appears: (1) Deformation invariance is not a binary property, but rather that different tasks require different degrees of deformation stability at different layers. (2) Deformation stability is not a fixed property of a network and is heavily adjusted over the course of training, largely through the smoothness of the convolutional filters. (3) Interleaved pooling layers are neither necessary nor sufficient for achieving the optimal form of deformation stability for natural image classification. (4) Pooling confers too much deformation stability for image classification at initialization, and during training, networks have to learn to counteract this inductive bias. Together, these findings provide new insights into the role of interleaved pooling and deformation invariance in CNNs, and demonstrate the importance of rigorous empirical testing of even our most basic assumptions about the working of neural networks.
A Survey of Automatic Urdu Language Processing (2006)

Most of the research in last few decades has focused on automatic natural language processing (NLP) in English, European and East Asian languages. But unfortunately South Asian languages especially Urdu have received less attention. In this paper we present a survey regarding classification of Urdu language. The main goal of this survey is to present briefly about the material available on Urdu NLP, with the aim to also allow researchers to develop new techniques. So this survey contains the initial attempts in the development of Urdu language. First we give brief description about Urdu language and its written system. Secondly, we introduce Urdu language corpus. Then we compare this corpus to other East Asian languages and discuss which type of problems one has to face while building Urdu corpus. Thirdly, we summarize different linguistic analysis of domain: part-of-speech tagging, parsing and named entity recognition. Overall goal of this paper is to provide a structure which would provide the foundation for future research Urdu language processing techniques
Advanced control for modifying the acoustic impedance at the diaphragm of a loudspeaker (2012)

The control of low-frequency sound fields can be addressed efficiently through acoustic impedance matching. Basically, the diaphragm of electroacoustic transducers are used as refracting surface that controls the reaction of the boundaries in any surrounding sound fields. The general idea is to absorb the incident sound energy or to contain it, simply by altering the transducer dynamics in a controlled fashion. Usual techniques operate either by feedback control of acoustic variables (sound pressure or velocity) or by connecting some electrical load at the transducer terminals. The paper focuses on how to transform an electrodynamic loudspeaker in an active electroacoustic resonator through the use of sensor and controller. It is discussed how to achieve broadband sound absorption at the transducer diaphragm. Phase compensation technique are also introduced as a convenient way to overcome a practical issue that may arise in some cases, taking the form of an over-reflective behavior of the diaphragm. For illustrative purposes, computed results and measurements obtained in impedance tube are provided to show the performance of a controlled loudspeaker in terms of acoustic absorption capability and stability.
Enantioselective Formation of Stereogenic Carbon–Fluorine Centers by a Simple Catalytic Method (2005)

An easy protocol has been developed for the formation of stereogenic carbon–fluorine centers by the organocatalytic asymmetric α-fluorination of aldehydes 1. The 2-fluoroaldehydes 4 are formed with 2 as the fluorinating agent and only 1 mol % of a sterically demanding silylated prolinol 3 as catalyst. The 2-fluoroaldehydes are subsequently reduced to the corresponding alcohols 5 without loss of enantiomeric excess. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500395_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tracking Based on SURF and Superpixel (2011)

In this paper we present a novel algorithm for object tracking in video sequence based on SURF key-point and super pixel. SURF key-point is very effective for object matching between two images and we can use it to locate object by and large. But only in this way it can't guarantee the success of object tracking because many available key-points are un-matched and can't be used to locate the object. In order to solve this problem we take the advantage of super pixel to obtain more available key-points based on its property that all points in the same super pixel region belong to the same object. At last we construct a weight map for each frame to refine the location of target object. The experiments demonstrate that our work is robust for tracking, especially dealing with occlusions and object transformations.
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth: A Mechanistic Linkage by Cyclophilin A (2009)

Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the pathology of many diseases, but specific therapeutic targets remain elusive. Oxidative stress, generated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes cardiovascular disease. However, the precise mechanism of how ROS deteriorate vascular function and promote vascular remodeling in vivo has not been clearly elucidated. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a 20 kD chaperone protein that is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in response to ROS, and stimulates VSMC proliferation and inflammatory cell migration in vitro and in vivo. CyPA (both intracellular and extracellular) contributes to inflammation and atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis and EC expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, stimulating leukocyte migration, enhancing T helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses, increasing proliferation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and increasing pro-inflammatory signal transduction in VSMC. We tested the hypothesis that CyPA contributes to cardiovascular diseases by analyzing several genetic interventions that include the CyPA knockout mouse and the CyPA overexpressing transgenic mouse (VSMC-Tg). CyPA plays a crucial role in VSMC proliferation/migration and inflammatory cell recruitment, resulting in cardiovascular diseases in vivo.
Alternating Current Electrospraying (2009)

Electrospraying has attracted the attention of many researchers, ranging from analytical chemists to physicists, not only because of the rich physics associated with it, but also due to its wide-ranging applicability. Therefore, considerable research has been devoted to exploring this interfacial phenomenon. However, there still are areas of electrospraying that have remained unexplored. Until recently, significantly less effort had been directed toward electrospraying with an alternating current (ac) electric field in comparison to electrospraying with direct current (dc) field. This article comes as an attempt to summarize the work done on ac electrospraying in the authors’ group. A classification of this behavior into different frequency domains is provided, with an underlying mechanism that leads to physical features distinct from dc electrospraying. Potential uses of ac electrospraying, which cannot be realized by its dc counterpart, are also discussed.
Insensitivity to Pain upon Adult-Onset Deletion of Nav1.7 or Its Blockade with Selective Inhibitors (2018)

Strong human genetic evidence points to an essential contribution of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 to pain sensation: loss of Nav1.7 function leads to congenital insensitivity to pain, whereas gain-of-function mutations in the <i>SCN9A</i> gene that encodes Nav1.7 cause painful neuropathies, such as inherited erythromelalgia, a syndrome characterized by episodic spontaneous pain. Selective Nav1.7 channel blockers thus hold promise as potential painkillers with improved safety and reduced unwanted side effects compared with existing therapeutics. To determine the maximum effect of a theoretically perfectly selective Nav1.7 inhibitor, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible KO mouse model enabling genetic deletion of Nav1.7 from adult mice. Electrophysiological recordings of sensory neurons from these mice following tamoxifen injection demonstrated the loss of Nav1.7 channel current and the resulting decrease in neuronal excitability of small-diameter neurons. We found that behavioral responses to most, but surprisingly not all, modalities of noxious stimulus are abolished following adult deletion of Nav1.7, pointing toward indications where Nav1.7 blockade should be efficacious. Furthermore, we demonstrate that isoform-selective acylsulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitors show robust analgesic and antinociceptive activity acutely after a single dose in mouse pain models shown to be Nav1.7-dependent. All experiments were done with both male and female mice. Collectively, these data expand the depth of knowledge surrounding Nav1.7 biology as it relates to pain, and provide preclinical proof of efficacy that lays a clear path toward translation for the therapeutic use of Nav1.7-selective inhibitors in humans.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Loss-of-function mutations in the sodium channel Nav1.7 cause congenital insensitivity to pain in humans, making Nav1.7 a top target for novel pain drugs. Targeting Nav1.7 selectively has been challenging, however, in part due to uncertainties in which rodent pain models are dependent on Nav1.7. We have developed and characterized an adult-onset Nav1.7 KO mouse model that allows us to determine the expected effects of a theoretically perfect Nav1.7 blocker. Importantly, many commonly used pain models, such as mechanical allodynia after nerve injury, appear to not be dependent on Nav1.7 in the adult. By defining which models are Nav1.7 dependent, we demonstrate that selective Nav1.7 inhibitors can approximate the effects of genetic loss of function, which previously has not been directly established.
Consensus Recommendations for Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy: A Joint Report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine (2007)

This consensus statement from the members of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine recommends a standardized method for measuring gastric emptying (GE) by scintigraphy. A low-fat, egg-white meal with imaging at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h after meal ingestion, as described by a published multicenter protocol, provides standardized information about normal and delayed GE. Adoption of this standardized protocol will resolve the lack of uniformity of testing, add reliability and credibility to the results, and improve the clinical utility of the GE test.
STUDY ON PREPARATION OF GEOPOLYMER-BASED REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE AND PROPERTIES THEREOF (2003)

Having portion of kaolin clay replaced with fly ash,search most optimum ratio of geopolymer to prepare geopolymer-based reactive powder concrete.In order to select a curing technology which may be helpful to develop the activity of gelling substances,three cur ing systems are compared with each other of the standard one,steam one and pressure-steam one.After that three sorts of steel fiber are mixed into selected batch and then a series of steel fiber reinforced geopoly mer-based reactive powder concrte(RPC)are obtained of different strength.The compressive and bending strength are respectively as high as55.2MPa and22.44MPa.A fur ther test indicates geopolymer-based reactive powder concrete has excellent durability.
Identification of One Novel Candidate Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Strain Active against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice by a Large-Scale Screening (2012)

In this study, we developed a large-scale screening of bacterial strains in order to identify novel candidate probiotics with immunomodulatory properties. For this, 158 strains, including a majority of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), were screened by two different cellular models: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-activated HT-29 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Different strains responsive to both models (pro- and anti-inflammatory strains) were selected, and their protective effects were tested in vivo in a murine model of influenza virus infection. Daily intragastric administrations during 10 days before and 10 days after viral challenge (100 PFU of influenza virus H1N1 strain A Puerto Rico/8/1934 [A/PR8/34]/mouse) of Lactobacillus plantarum CNRZ1997, one potentially proinflammatory probiotic strain, led to a significant improvement in mouse health by reducing weight loss, alleviating clinical symptoms, and inhibiting significantly virus proliferation in lungs. In conclusion, in this study, we have combined two cellular models to allow the screening of a large number of LAB for their immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, we identified a novel candidate probiotic strain, L. plantarum CNRZ1997, active against influenza virus infection in mice.
Cardiac surgery: Morphology, diagnostic criteria, natural history, techniques, results, and indications (1986)

Anatomy and Terminology Hypothermia, Circulatory Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Bypass ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: Stenotic Arteriosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease Tricuspid Valve Disease CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: Atrial Septal Defect and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Cor Triatriatum Congenital Aortic Stenosis Coarctation of the Aorta and Aortic Arch Interruptions CARDIAC RHYTHM DISTURBANCES: Bradycardias Tachycardias OTHER CARDIAC CONDITIONS: Cardiac Trauma Cardiac Tumors Primary Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Transplantation THORACIC AORTIC DISEASE: Acute Traumatic Aortic Rupture Acute Aortic Dissection Chronic Aneurysms of the Thoracic Aorta Index.
Progesterone with Vitamin D Affords Better Neuroprotection against Excitotoxicity in Cultured Cortical Neurons than Progesterone Alone (2009)

Because the complex heterogeneity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is believed by many to be a major reason for the failed clinical trials of monotherapies, combining two (or more) drugs with some potentially different mechanisms of action may produce better effects than administering those agents individually. In this study, we investigated whether combinatorial treatment with progesterone (PROG) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) hormone (VDH) would produce better neuroprotection than PROG alone following excitotoxic neuronal injury in vitro. E18 rat primary cortical neurons were pretreated with various concentrations of PROG and VDH separately or in combination for 24 h and then exposed to glutamate (0.5 micromol/L) for the next 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assays were used to measure cell death. Both PROG and VDH significantly (P < 0.001) reduced neuronal loss when tested independently. Primary cortical cultures treated with VDH exhibited a U-shaped concentration-response curve. PROG at 20 micromol/L and VDH at 100 nmol/L concentrations were the most neuroprotective. When the drugs were combined, the "best" doses of PROG (20 micromol/L) and VDH (100 nmol/L), used individually, did not show substantial efficacy; rather, the lower dose of VDH (20 nmol/L) was most effective when used in combination with PROG (P < 0.01). We also examined the effect of combinatorial treatment on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation as a potential neuroprotective mechanism and observed that PROG and VDH activated MAPK alone and in combination. Interestingly, the best combination dose of PROG and VDH (20 micromol/L and 20 nmol/L, respectively), as observed in cell death assays (LDH and MTT), resulted in increased MAPK activation compared with either the most neuroprotective concentration of individual PROG (20 micromol/L) and VDH (100 nmol/L) or the combination of these individual best doses. Such interactions must be considered in planning individualized combinatorial therapies. In conclusion, the findings of the present study can be taken to suggest that VDH warrants study as a potential partner for combination therapy with PROG.
Comparative study of the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of cationic and neutral liposomes (2011)

Neutral liposomes (NLP) exhibit preferential localization in solid tumors based on the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Cationic liposomes (CLP) have a propensity for localizing in newly formed tumor vessels and they have a potentially enhanced antitumor effect. However, an increased amount of cationic lipids in liposomes also induces aggregation through electrostatic interactions between the liposomes and the anionic species in the circulation, which results in a reduced EPR effect. Consequently, it is important to investigate the characteristics of liposomes with different surface potentials in vitro to achieve an optimal intratumoral distribution and antitumor effect in vivo. In this study, the authors evaluated the characteristics of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded NLPs, CLPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified NLPs (NLP-PEG), and PEGylated CLPs (CLP-PEG) (ie, encapsulation efficacy, zeta potential, size, membrane fluidity, aggregation in serum, and uptake of liposomes into rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs)) to further understand their influences on the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor therapy in vivo. The results showed that increased amounts of cationic lipids resulted in severe liposome aggregation in the presence of serum, yet it did not alter the membrane fluidity to a large extent. The uptake of liposomes into RAECs, visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy, confirmed the rapid uptake of CLP by the endothelial cells compared with NLP. However, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and anticancer efficacies of these liposomes in vivo revealed that the CLP with highly positive surface potentials exhibited reduced circulation times and poor distribution in tumors. The NLP-PEG exhibited the highest anticancer efficacy; CLP-PEG, the second highest; and CLP with the most positive surface potential, the lowest. These phenomena were mostly due to the rapid aggregation in serum and subsequent accumulation in the lungs upon the intravenous injection of the CLP. Caution should be exercised when chemotherapeutic drugs are loaded into CLP for tumor therapy.
Carbohydrate signals in metastasis and prognosis of human carcinomas (1993)

Carbohydrate signals in metastasis and prognosis of human carcinomas Get access Takashi Muramatsu Takashi Muramatsu Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glycobiology, Volume 3, Issue 4, August 1993, Pages 291–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/3.4.291 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 19 March 1993 Accepted: 06 May 1993 Published: 01 August 1993