gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learnable Triangulation of Human Pose (2019)

We present two novel solutions for multi-view 3D human pose estimation based on new learnable triangulation methods that combine 3D information from multiple 2D views. The first (baseline) solution is a basic differentiable algebraic triangulation with an addition of confidence weights estimated from the input images. The second solution is based on a novel method of volumetric aggregation from intermediate 2D backbone feature maps. The aggregated volume is then refined via 3D convolutions that produce final 3D joint heatmaps and allow implicit modelling a human pose prior. Crucially, both approaches are end-to-end differentiable, which allows us to directly optimize the target metric. We demonstrate transferability of the solutions across datasets and considerably improve the multiview state of the art on the Human3.6M dataset. Video demonstration, annotations and additional materials will be posted on our project page.
Evolutionary selection of personalized melanoma cell/tissue dual-homing peptides for guiding bionanofibers to malignant tumors (2018)

Both melanoma cells and tissues were allowed to interact with an identical pool of billions of human-safe phage nanofiber clones with each genetically displaying a unique 12-mer peptide at the tips, respectively, resulting in the discovery of bionanofibers displaying a melanoma cell/tissue dual-homing peptide for personalized targeted melanoma therapy.
Asymptotically optimal, sequential, multiple testing procedures with prior information on the number of signals (2017)

Assuming that data are collected sequentially from independent streams, we consider the simultaneous testing of multiple binary hypotheses under two general setups; when the number of signals (correct alternatives) is known in advance, and when we only have a lower and an upper bound for it. In each of these setups, we propose feasible procedures that control, without any distributional assumptions, the familywise error probabilities of both type I and type II below given, user-specified levels. Then, in the case of i.i.d. observations in each stream, we show that the proposed procedures achieve the optimal expected sample size, under every possible signal configuration, asymptotically as the two error probabilities vanish at arbitrary rates. A simulation study is presented in a completely symmetric case and supports insights obtained from our asymptotic results, such as the fact that knowledge of the exact number of signals roughly halves the expected number of observations compared to the case of no prior information.
Loss of p21WAF1/Cip1 protein expression accompanies progression of sporadic colorectal neoplasms but not hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers. (1998)

p21 (p21WAF1/Cip1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, induces G1 arrest and can inhibit the activity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We analyzed p21 expression during colorectal tumorigenesis, its association with its transcriptional regulator p53, and its relationship to rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis. p21 and p53 protein expression were examined in sporadic tumors and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCCs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting. Apoptosis was examined using a DNA nick end-labeling assay, and cell proliferation was examined by PCNA staining. In normal colorectal epithelia, nuclear p21 staining was uniformly detected in crypt cells of the superficial compartment (upper one-third) that stained negatively for PCNA. p21 and PCNA expression were, therefore, mutually exclusive. In sporadic cases, a decrease in the frequency of p21 expression accompanied adenoma development and progression to carcinoma. Specifically, p21 was detected in 12 of 16 (75%) adenomas and 10 of 32 (31%) carcinomas. In contrast to sporadic cases, HNPCCs with known mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes expressed p21 in 12 of 15 (80%) carcinomas. An inverse relationship between p21 and p53 was observed wherein mutant p53 proteins were detected in 4 of 15 (27%) HNPCCs versus 22 of 32 (69%) sporadic carcinomas. Although p21+ carcinoma cells were generally negative for p53, IHC revealed that some carcinoma cells expressed both p21 and p53 proteins. Furthermore, p53-mutated SW480 colon carcinoma cells were found to coexpress p21 and p53, suggesting that p21 can also be activated by a p53-independent mechanism. No association was found between p21 or PCNA and apoptotic labeling indices in adenomas or carcinomas. In conclusion, a decrease in p21 expression accompanies neoplastic progression in sporadic cases but not in HNPCCs. This finding appears related to p53 status in that the frequency of p53 expression was significantly reduced in HNPCCs compared to sporadic cases, suggesting a difference in their molecular pathways of tumorigenesis.
Choosing between methods of combining $p$-values (2017)

Combining |$p$|-values from independent statistical tests is a popular approach to meta-analysis, particularly when the data underlying the tests are either no longer available or are difficult to combine. Numerous |$p$|-value combination methods appear in the literature, each with different statistical properties, yet often the final choice used in a meta-analysis can seem arbitrary, as if all effort has been expended in building the models that gave rise to the |$p$|-values. Birnbaum (1954) showed that any reasonable |$p$|-value combiner must be optimal against some alternative hypothesis. Starting from this perspective and recasting each method of combining |$p$|-values as a likelihood ratio test, we present theoretical results for some standard combiners that provide guidance on how a powerful combiner might be chosen in practice.
Blends of polyamide 6 with bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. I. Thermal properties and compatibility aspects (1989)

Abstract Blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) have been investigated, over a full range of composition, to check interactions between them. SEM observations show that the mixtures are characterized by domains of clearly segregated homophases and voids between the two polymers. DSC and DMTA data indicate the presence of two T g ' s, corresponding to two separate phases, with the T g of the PC phase decreasing on increasing the PA6 amount. Moreover, the crystallization kinetics of PA6 is slightly showed down by the PC. Chemical reactions between the two polymers are supposed to give rise to low molar mass compounds, as shown by GPC; these species plasticize the PC and partially dissolve into the molten polyamide, causing decrease of PC T g and reduction of overall crystallization rate of PA6. Apparent influence of PC on melting temperature and enthalpy of PA6 is also discussed.
Cage return and solvent viscosity. Effect of viscosity on polar effects inherent in benzylic bromination (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCage return and solvent viscosity. Effect of viscosity on polar effects inherent in benzylic brominationDennis D. Tanner, Christian P. Meintzer, Eve C. Tsai, and H. Oumar-MahamatCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 20, 7369–7372Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00176a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (466 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Chloride Homeostasis Critically Regulates Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activity in Neuropathic Pain (2016)

Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that remains difficult to treat. Diminished synaptic inhibition by GABA and glycine and increased NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity in the spinal dorsal horn are key mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain. However, the reciprocal relationship between synaptic inhibition and excitation in neuropathic pain is unclear. Here, we show that intrathecal delivery of K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-2 (KCC2) using lentiviral vectors produces a complete and long-lasting reversal of pain hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury. KCC2 gene transfer restores Cl(-) homeostasis disrupted by nerve injury in both spinal dorsal horn and primary sensory neurons. Remarkably, restoring Cl(-) homeostasis normalizes both presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDAR activity increased by nerve injury in the spinal dorsal horn. Our findings indicate that nerve injury recruits NMDAR-mediated signaling pathways through the disruption of Cl(-) homeostasis in spinal dorsal horn and primary sensory neurons. Lentiviral vector-mediated KCC2 expression is a promising gene therapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Synthesis of 1-(2-Oxoalkyl)-2-acyltetrahydro-isoquinolines by α-Amidoalkylation of Methylene Active Carbonyl Compounds with N-Acyliminium Intermediates (1996)

Abstract Intermolecular α-amidoalkylation reaction of methylene active carbonyl compounds with N-acyliminium salts of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and acyl chlorides has been used for synthesis of 1-(2-oxoalkyl)-2-acyltetrahydroisoquinolines.
Prebiotic Potential of Cereal Components (2021)

One type of functional food that has been receiving much attention is food rich in prebiotics. The old but still valid definition of prebiotics defines them as non-digestible food components that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of the beneficial bacteria in the colon and, as a result, improve the host health. Cereals, as one of the main components in the human diet, contain substantial levels of dietary fiber with probable prebiotic potential. In addition, dietary fiber, particularly soluble dietary fiber, has recently emerged as a promising natural highly functional food ingredient in food production. This review focuses on the prebiotic potential of cereal dietary fiber types and covers the achievements and developments regarding its isolation. First, the probiotic and prebiotic concepts will be discussed. Next, different components of dietary fiber and their effect on the host bacteria through in vitro and/or in vivo studies will be reviewed. In a last part, this paper also discusses means of boosting the prebiotic properties of cereal components and innovative strategies for the extraction of cereal dietary fiber. The review focuses on wheat as a leading cereal crop that is widely and intensely used throughout the world in food production.
A Novel Method for Semi-automatic 2D to 3D Video Conversion (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel semi-automatic method for converting monoscopic video to stereoscopic video. An efficient interactive image cutout tool is first used to segment the object-of-interest in the key frames. Then, we assign the initial depth information to the segmented objects. These objects are tracked in the whole video sequence through a bi-directional KIT (Kanade-Iucas- Tomashi) algorithm. In addition, depth interpolation is employed to produce the depth information in the non-key frames. Finally, stereoscopic video is synthesized in consideration of different 3D display types. The experimental results show that our method can fulfill 2D to 3D video conversion both reliably and efficiently.
Modeling Interaction via the Principle of Maximum Causal Entropy (2018)

The principle of maximum entropy provides a powerful framework for statistical models of joint, conditional, and marginal distributions. However, there are many important distributions with elements of interaction and feedback where its applicability has not been established. This work presents the principle of maximum causal entropy — an approach based on causally conditioned probabilities that can appropriately model the availability and influence of sequentially revealed side information. Using this principle, we derive Maximum Causal Entropy Influence Diagrams, a new probabilistic graphical framework for modeling decision making in settings with latent information, sequential interaction, and feedback. We describe the theoretical advantages of this model and demonstrate its applicability for statistically framing inverse optimal control and decision prediction tasks.
Advances of research on high-speed railway catenary (2017)

The interaction between the catenary and pantograph is one of the most crucial factors that determine the train operation in high-speed railway. The bad state of catenary is able to directly influence the power supply safety of traction power system. In this paper, four aspects on the catenary research of high-speed railway are reviewed in detail, namely the solution methods for catenary equilibrium state, the dynamic modeling methods of catenary, non-contact detection methods of catenary, and the static and dynamic evaluation methods of catenary. In addition, their recent advances are described. For the low solution accuracy of the initial equilibrium state of catenary, the structure finding method with multi-objective constraint and nonlinear finite element procedure are introduced to solve the problem. For the catenary’s dynamic modeling, considering the influence of environmental wind on the catenary, environmental wind simulations and wind tunnel tests are used to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients and build the wind field along the catenary for analysis of its wind vibration characteristics. In order to improve the detection accuracy of non-contact detection for the catenary, the deep learning theory and real-time detection algorithms should be adopted in the future. In view of the lack of dynamic assessment method for the catenary, the modern spectrum evaluation, time–frequency analysis, big data technology and their combinations will be the important means for future catenary evaluation.
Water stress and seasonal effects on rubber quality in irrigated guayule (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater stress and seasonal effects on rubber quality in irrigated guayuleWilliam W. Schloman Jr., Donald J. Garrot, and Dennis T. RayCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 4, 683–685Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00070a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00070a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron–hole asymmetry and energy gaps in bilayer graphene (2010)

We review the tight-binding model of bilayer graphene which describes four low-energy electronic bands near the corner of the first Brillouin zone. The model takes into account terms arising from nearest and next-nearest neighbour hopping within each layer, non-orthogonality of atomic orbitals, various inter-layer couplings, as well as three independent parameters that describe differences between the on-site energies of the four atoms in the unit cell. We generalize the derivation of the two-component effective Hamiltonian that describes the behaviour of chiral quasiparticles at very low energy, taking these terms into account. Then, we explain how the various terms produce features in the electronic band structure, focussing on electron-hole asymmetry and the opening of an energy gap between the conduction and valence bands.
Proliferative Response of Fibroblasts Expressing Internalization‐Deficient Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptors Is Altered via Differential EGF Depletion Effect (1994)

We describe experiments comparing the proliferation responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) by NR6 fibroblasts expressing genetically engineered epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). These cells present either wild-type (WT) EGFR or a cytoplasmic domain-truncated (c'973) EGFR that exhibits a decreased ligand-induced internalization rate constant. In two distinct in vitro proliferation assays, with or without medium replenishment, we measured the specific cell proliferation rate constants and EGF depletion kinetics for both WT and c'973 cells. When EGF depletion is minimized by replenishment, the EGF concentration dependencies of the two cell types are similar, whereas when EGF depletion is not prevented, maximal proliferation of WT cells requires an initial EGF concentration that is approximately 10x that required by c'973 cells. However, when EGF depletion is accounted for, the dependencies of growth rate for the two cell types on the current EGF concentration in both assays are essentially identical. Our results demonstrate that diminished depletion of EGF from the extracellular medium is a major reason for increased mitogenic sensitivity to EGF by cells possessing internalization-deficient receptors.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Domain Registration (2009)

This document defines a means of providing reachability information
for a domain of SIP AoR's using a SIP REGISTER method transaction,
and defines a SIP option-tag for indicating such.
Peritoneal exposure model in the rat as a tool to unravel bio(in)compatibility of PDF (2006)

Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at risk for development of ultrafiltration failure and peritonitis. The relative unphysiologic composition of the currently used peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) is a major cause for the development of morphologic changes of the peritoneal membrane such as fibrosis and new vessel formation, ultimately resulting in ultrafiltration failure. In recent years, a major research focus has become the development of new and improved PDF. Typically, the first phase of biocompatibility testing of new PDF involves in vitro testing, using cell culture systems such as primary mesothelial cells or peritoneal macrophages. In vivo studies using animal models permit the analysis of biocompatibility under conditions that allow for cell-to-cell interactions and dynamic changes in solution composition that more closely mimic the clinical situation. In this paper, we will review the applicability of a peritoneal exposure model in the rat to study PDF biocompatibility-related issues.
Dynamic path-based software watermarking (2004)

Software watermarking is a tool used to combat software piracy by embedding identifying information into a program. Most existing proposals for software watermarking have the shortcoming that the mark can be destroyed via fairly straightforward semantics-preserving code transformations. This paper introduces path-based watermarking, a new approach to software watermarking based on the dynamic branching behavior of programs. The advantage of this technique is that error-correcting and tamper-proofing techniques can be used to make path-based watermarks resilient against a wide variety of attacks. Experimental results, using both Java bytecode and IA-32 native code, indicate that even relatively large watermarks can be embedded into programs at modest cost.
Integral glass sheet encapsulation for terrestrial panel applications (1976)

Concepts for integral glass sheet encapsulation of terrestrial solar cell modules using techniques based upon electrostatic bonding are being developed. It is possible for the glass to provide hermetic encapsulation, the structural support, and a vehicle for integral interconnection of the solar cells. Anticipated capabilities, present status, and cost projections for large scale terrestrial utilization are discussed.
New Amides of 5‐(4‐Chlorobenzoyl)aminoorotic Acid: Their Synthesis and Biological Activity (2008)

The synthesis and in-vitro biological evaluation of the amide series 4 of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)aminoorotic acid 2 are presented. The biological properties of a few 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-2,6-dihydroxy-N-substituted-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide derivatives 4 tested here were compared with those of the isosteric isothiazole derivative MR-2/94 (5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxamide), which possesses a strong immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity [1, 2], It must be suggested that replacement of the isothiazole by a pyrimidine core ring system resulted in considerable lowering of the anti-inflammatory and immunotropic actions of the obtained amides. Physicochemical properties of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6,8-dihydroxy-4H-pyrimido[5,4-d]-1,3-oxazin-4-on 3 are also briefly described.
Sustainable Three-Dimensional Tissue Model of Human Adipose Tissue (2013)

The need for physiologically relevant sustainable human adipose tissue models is crucial for understanding tissue development, disease progression, in vitro drug development and soft tissue regeneration. The coculture of adipocytes differentiated from human adipose-derived stem cells, with endothelial cells, on porous silk protein matrices for at least 6 months is reported, while maintaining adipose-like outcomes. Cultures were assessed for structure and morphology (Oil Red O content and CD31 expression), metabolic functions (leptin, glycerol production, gene expression for GLUT4, and PPARγ) and cell replication (DNA content). The cocultures maintained size and shape over this extended period in static cultures, while increasing in diameter by 12.5% in spinner flask culture. Spinner flask cultures yielded improved adipose tissue outcomes overall, based on structure and function, when compared to the static cultures. This work establishes a tissue model system that can be applied to the development of chronic metabolic dysfunction systems associated with human adipose tissue, such as obesity and diabetes, due to the long term sustainable functions demonstrated here.
Cellular Radio Network Planning (1986)

The fundamental ideas behind a cellular network design program are described. By the aid of a generalization of the notion of a radio cell it becomes possible to integrate hitherto isolated areas of investigation. The elementary design steps making up the program are outlined together with their inter-connections. The program may be used to design new networs, analyze or extend existing ones, and study system varians and design strategies in a general nonhomogeneous setting.