gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PANDA: Pose Aligned Networks for Deep Attribute Modeling (2013)

We propose a method for inferring human attributes (such as gender, hair style, clothes style, expression, action) from images of people under large variation of viewpoint, pose, appearance, articulation and occlusion. Convolutional Neural Nets (CNN) have been shown to perform very well on large scale object recognition problems. In the context of attribute classification, however, the signal is often subtle and it may cover only a small part of the image, while the image is dominated by the effects of pose and viewpoint. Discounting for pose variation would require training on very large labeled datasets which are not presently available. Part-based models, such as poselets and DPM have been shown to perform well for this problem but they are limited by shallow low-level features. We propose a new method which combines part-based models and deep learning by training pose-normalized CNNs. We show substantial improvement vs. state-of-the-art methods on challenging attribute classification tasks in unconstrained settings. Experiments confirm that our method outperforms both the best part-based methods on this problem and conventional CNNs trained on the full bounding box of the person.
Microfluidic technique for measuring wax appearance temperature of reservoir fluids (2016)

A microfluidic technique for measuring wax appearance temperature (WAT) of reservoir fluids is presented. The technique is based on continuous monitoring of pressure across a microchannel as wax particles are deposited and gradually clog the channel. A rapid pressure increase was observed as the temperature was systematically decreased to wax appearance temperature. The relationship between pressure change rate and sample temperature is explored as the working principle in the proposed WAT measurement technique. This technique yields results which are comparable to measurements obtained from a cross-polar microscopy technique (CPM); the current industry-standard for WAT measurement. The method is validated by systematically investigating phase transition of pure hydrocarbons, binary mixtures, and real crude oils. The new technique has two distinct advantages over the existing industry standard methods in that its experimental setup is much simpler and it can be adapted to field applications. The microchannel can be easily cleaned and reused to test different samples.
Large displacement vertical translational actuator based on piezoelectric thin films (2010)

A novel vertical translational microactuator based on thin-film piezoelectric actuation is presented, using a set of four compound bend-up/bend-down unimorphs to produce translational motion of a moving platform or stage. The actuation material is a chemical-solution deposited lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin film. Prototype designs have shown as much as 120 <i>μ</i>m of static displacement, with 80-90 <i>μ</i>m displacements being typical, using four 920 <i>μ</i>m long by 70 <i>μ</i>m legs. Analytical models are presented that accurately describe nonlinear behavior in both static and dynamic operation of prototype stages when the dependence of piezoelectric coefficients on voltage is known. Resonance of the system is observed at a frequency of 200 Hz. The large displacement and high bandwidth of the actuators at low-voltage and low-power levels should make them useful to a variety of optical applications, including endoscopic microscopy.
Computer-aided diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis with optical tomography, Part 1: feature extraction (2013)

This is the first part of a two-part paper on the application of computer-aided diagnosis to diffuse optical tomography (DOT). An approach for extracting heuristic features from DOT images and a method for using these features to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are presented. Feature extraction is the focus of Part 1, while the utility of five classification algorithms is evaluated in Part 2. The framework is validated on a set of 219 DOT images of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Overall, 594 features are extracted from the absorption and scattering images of each joint. Three major findings are deduced. First, DOT images of subjects with RA are statistically different (p<0.05) from images of subjects without RA for over 90% of the features investigated. Second, DOT images of subjects with RA that do not have detectable effusion, erosion, or synovitis (as determined by MRI and ultrasound) are statistically indistinguishable from DOT images of subjects with RA that do exhibit effusion, erosion, or synovitis. Thus, this subset of subjects may be diagnosed with RA from DOT images while they would go undetected by reviews of MRI or ultrasound images. Third, scattering coefficient images yield better one-dimensional classifiers. A total of three features yield a Youden index greater than 0.8. These findings suggest that DOT may be capable of distinguishing between PIP joints that are healthy and those affected by RA with or without effusion, erosion, or synovitis.
Detecting and characterizing infrasound signals with optical fiber infrasound sensors (2005)

Optical Fiber Infrasound Sensors (OFIS) are long compliant tubes wrapped with two optical fibers that interferometrically measure the differential pressure variation along the length of the tube. Because each sensor averages spatially along the length of the tube, the frequency response of the recorded pressure variation is a function of the orientation of the OFIS sensor relative to the back azimuth and incidence angle of the incoming wave. We have exploited this property to investigate the ability of various OFIS geometries to determine the back azimuth of infrasound signals. We have found that an OFIS comprised of two orthogonal 89-m-long arms having their centers separated by 63 m can resolve the back azimuth of most infrasound signals with a good signal-to-noise ratio. We find a good match between the back azimuths determined with our technique and those determined for the same signals recorded on the co-located pipe array I57US with the Progressive Multichannel Cross-Correlation technique. Based on these results and additional synthetic tests, we have built and are testing a larger OFIS with several arms that will be able to resolve signals from all directions and with small signal-to-noise ratios.
Low Pt Thin Cathode Layer Catalyst Layer by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (2008)

National Research Council Canada's Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, NRC-IFCI, has been developing the Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT) process to optimize composite electrode layer formation and develop novel electrocatalysts and catalyst layers. The RSDT process provides the means necessary to develop the next generation of thin, low platinum or alloy catalyst layers for PEM MEA's. In order to best manage water distribution, mass transport and conductivity, the structure should be a gradient with controlled porosity and controlled distribution of both platinum and ionomer across the catalyst layer. The RSDT process allows good control of the platinum particle size as they are created directly from metal vapors, which prevents agglomeration in the catalyst layer. Additionally, it has the flexibility to build a gradient layer structure across a very thin film catalyst layer (<1 um). In our design, a platinum sub-layer (100 nm) was deposited directly on a Nafion® 117 membrane as a columnar structure. After the sub-layer, the platinum loading was reduced in a co-deposited layer of Pt-Nafion (ionomer)-carbon with the lowest loading closest to the GDL. The combined loading of both layers was <0.05mg/cm2 Pt with this approach. The manufactured catalyst layer has a performance of 0.65V at 1 A/cm2 with 0.05mg/cm2 Pt loading using pure oxygen .
A Large Bore-Direct Injection High Efficiency Nebulizer for Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (2000)

A large bore-direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (IB-DIHEN) is introduced that is less prone to capillary blockage and optimally operates at low nebulizer gas pressures compared with the conventional DIHEN used for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometries. The aerosol quality is examined using a two-dimensional phase Doppler particle analyzer (2D PDPA), and analytical figures of merits are acquired by ICP mass spectrometry. Compared with the DIHEN, the LB-DIHEN produces larger droplets, but the velocity distributions and mean droplet velocities are narrower and lower, respectively, providing longer residence times for the droplets in the plasma. High RF power (1500 W), low nebulizer gas flow rates (0.25-0.35 L/min), and low solution uptake rates (80-110 microL/min) are required to operate the LB-DIHEN at optimum conditions for ICPMS. Detection limits and sensitivities measured with the LB-DIHEN are superior to those of a conventional nebulizer-spray chamber combination, but precision is inferior. The performance of the LB-DIHEN is further explored in the determination of trace elements in an herbal extract.
Speculative precomputation (2001)

This paper explores Speculative Precomputation, a technique that uses idle thread context in a multithreaded architecture to improve performance of single-threaded applications. It attacks program stalls from data cache misses by pre-computing future memory accesses in available thread contexts, and prefetching these data. This technique is evaluated by simulating the performance of a research processor based on the Itanium™ ISA supporting Simultaneous Multithreading. Two primary forms of Speculative Precomputation are evaluated. If only the non-speculative thread spawns speculative threads, performance gains of up to 30% are achieved when assuming ideal hardware. However, this speedup drops considerably with more realistic hardware assumptions. Permitting speculative threads to directly spawn additional speculative threads reduces the overhead associated with spawning threads and enables significantly more aggressive speculation, overcoming this limitation. Even with realistic costs for spawning threads, speedups as high as 169% are achieved, with an average speedup of 76%.
Blind Crosstalk Cancellation for DMT Systems (2002)

Abstract—As the deployment of broadband communication systems such as DSL continues to grow, system performance in terms of capacity and error rates is severely limited by crosstalk interference. In order to continue deploying high speed DSL service, it becomes necessary to mitigate this crosstalk interference. All current crosstalk mitigation techniques require precise knowledge of the crosstalk coupling functions between the twisted pair wires carrying DSL service within a cable binder. In practice, this is near impossible to obtain, without coordination between the different DSL services. In this paper, we present a crosstalk cancellation technique that is blind to the coupling functions between the wire pairs. Our technique uses the statistical properties of the received crosstalk signal (that can be easily estimated), rather than the exact coupling functions themselves, making it very attractive for practical implementation. We show with the help of simulations for a realistic ADSL system with HDSL and T1 crosstalk interference using actual measured crosstalk coupling functions that the proposed blind crosstalk cancellation technique can achieve significant gains in terms of rate and reach improvement for the ADSL system. We also show that the performance of the proposed blind crosstalk cancellation technique is robust to a jitter in the crosstalk symbol timing estimate that is required to construct the cancellation signal. Keywords—crosstalk, NEXT, mitigation, blind, cancellation. I.
Reactive Perforating: Conventional and Unconventional Applications, Learnings and Opportunities (2009)

Abstract A new class of shaped charge was introduced to the industry in late 2007 that generates a secondary reaction in the perforation tunnel immediately after it has been formed. The reaction is highly energetic and drives the break up and expulsion of crushed zone material and compacted debris. This profoundly alters the geometry and quality of the resulting tunnels when compared to conventional perforators and underbalanced perforating techniques. This leads to significant improvements in the percentage of open, effective tunnels, the productivity of the perforated interval, and the ease and reliability with which the perforated formation can be stimulated. Since their launch, reactive perforating systems have been applied to a variety of well and formation types – both conventional and unconventional – under a wide range of pressure and effective stress conditions. As a result, the applicability of the reactive perforating concept is being demonstrated and accepted for an increasing number of situations. Nevertheless, the industry is only just beginning to understand how reactive perforating can be applied and how well and completion designs should be optimized to take full advantage of the benefits this new technology affords. This paper describes the application of reactive perforators to a number of geographically and lithologically different situations, for the purpose of transferring generic learnings and identifying opportunities for further study. Several clear opportunity areas are already emerging, such as perforating prior to hydraulic fracturing – notably in unconventional gas plays – and re-perforation of depleted or damaged intervals. Other areas are still to be properly explored, such as perforation prior to acidization – especially in carbonates, perforation of unconsolidated sandstones, and perforation of injection wells. In conclusion the paper identifies those areas where the technology has shown greatest success and summarizes the key learnings that will assist operators in shortening their own learning curve when applying reactive perforator technology.
Distributed Beamforming Based on Signal-to Caused-Interference Ratio (2008)

This paper presents a distributed beamforming technique that addresses the effect of inter-cell interference on the downlink of cellular communications systems. The beamforming weights are computed in a distributed manner at each transmit sector antenna array without the need for inter-sector communication. The beamforming weights are chosen to compromise between maximizing the power to the served user from each sector while minimizing the interference caused to users served in adjacent sectors. The extensions of this method for variable levels of channel state information feedback and multiple receiver antennas are introduced. Beamforming codebooks with power variations across antennas are presented. We show how users can additionally feed back the fraction of interference caused by each interfering sector to incorporate the urgency of interference avoidance into the transmitter optimization.
Stages: Sub‐Fourier dynamic shim updating using nonlinear magnetic field phase preparation (2013)

Heterogeneity of the static magnetic field in magnetic resonance imaging may cause image artifacts and degradation in image quality. The field heterogeneity can be reduced by dynamically adjusting shim fields or dynamic shim updating, in which magnetic field homogeneity is optimized for each tomographic slice to improve image quality. A limitation of this approach is that a new magnetic field can be applied only once for each slice, otherwise image quality would improve somewhere to its detriment elsewhere in the slice. The motivation of this work is to overcome this limitation and develop a technique using nonlinear magnetic fields to dynamically shim the static magnetic field within a single Fourier-encoded volume or slice, called sub-Fourier dynamic shim updating. However, the nonlinear magnetic fields are not used as shim fields; instead, they impart a strong spatial dependence to the acquired MR signal by nonlinear phase preparation, which may be exploited to locally improve magnetic field homogeneity during acquisition. A theoretical description of the method is detailed, simulations and a proof-of-principle experiment are performed using a magnet coil with a known field geometry. The method is shown to remove artifacts associated with magnetic field homogeneity in balanced steady-state free-precession pulse sequences. We anticipate that this method will be useful to improve the quality of magnetic resonance images by removing deleterious artifacts associated with a heterogeneous static magnetic field.
Improving convolutional and turbo code performance on the CDMA forward link (2003)

This work improves turbo and convolutional channel code performance on the CDMA forward link by providing the mobile channel decoder with more accurate estimates of the signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) of each received symbol. The SNIR estimates are improved by separately accounting for the in-cell interference and out-of-cell interference plus thermal noise processes at the mobile Rake receiver output. Simulations are used to illustrate that this technique significantly improves channel code performance, particularly in hotspot scenarios.
Injection Parameter Effects on a Direct Injected, Pilot Ignited, Heavy Duty Natural Gas Engine with EGR (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Pilot-ignited direct injection of natural gas fuelling of a heavy-duty compression ignition engine while using recirculated exhaust gas (EGR) has been shown to significantly reduce NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. To further investigate emissions reductions, the combustion timing, injection pressure, and relative delay between the pilot and main fuel injections were varied over a range of EGR fractions while engine speed, net charge mass, and oxygen equivalence ratio were held constant. PM emissions were reduced by higher injection pressures without significantly affecting NO<sub>x</sub> at all EGR conditions. By delaying the combustion, NO<sub>x</sub> was reduced at the expense of increased PM for a given EGR fraction. By reducing the delay between the pilot and main fuel injections at high EGR, PM emissions were substantially reduced at the expense of increased total hydrocarbon (tHC) emissions. In this research, no attempt was made to optimize the injector or combustion chamber for natural gas fuelling with EGR.</div>
Simultaneous measurement of flight time and energy of large matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization ions with a superconducting tunnel junction detector (1997)

We evaluated a cryogenically cooled superconducting Nb-Al2O3-Nb tunnel junction (STJ) for use as a molecular ion detector in a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The STJ responds to ion energy and theoretically should detect large molecular ions with a velocity-independent efficiency approaching 100%. The STJ detector produces pulses whose heights are approximately proportional to ion energy, thus the height of a pulse generated by the impact of a doubly charged ion is about twice the height of a singly charged ion pulse. Measurements were performed by bombarding the STJ with human serum albumin (HSA) (66,000 Da) and immunoglobulin (150,000 Da) ions. We demonstrate that pulse height analysis of STJ signals provides a way to distinguish with good discrimination HSA+ from 2HSA2+, whose flight times are coincident. The rise time of STJ detector pulses allows ion flight times to be determined with a precision better than 200 ns, which is a value smaller than the flight time variation typically observed for large isobaric MALDI ions detected with conventional microchannel plate (MCP) detectors. Deflection plates in the flight tube of the mass spectrometer provided a way to aim ions alternatively at a MCP ion detector.
Techniques for Viable Cell Counts in the Fermented Milk with Bifidobacterium (1977)

Experiments were designed to establish the method for viable cell counts of bifidobacteria in the fermented milk. Results obtained are as follows:1) The solution containing 0.1% of yeast extract or corn steap liquor was superior for the viable cell counts of bifidobacteria as the diluents of samples for the serial dilution to the physiological saline usually used in the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria.2) Modified Rogosa's and BL agar were demonstrated to be the best media for the viable cell counts of both bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the fermented milk, but B. C. P. plate count agar which were generally used for the enumeration of the latter, was not suitable for the determination of bifidobacteria.3) Anaerobic cultivations are essential for the measurement of viable cells of bifidobacteria and either of anaerobic jar method, Gas Pak anaerobic jar or Pouch method is adapted for this purpose.However, there was little difference in superiority among them.4) Bifidobacterium formed colonies 0.5 to 3.0mm in diameter after the cultivations at 37°C for 48 to 72hr under the conditions described above.5) Differential calculation of viable cells of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria was completely established from the mixed cultures of the two or three species using modified Rogosa's selective agar together with B. C. P. plate counts agar.Because Bifidobacterium could grow on the Rogosa's selective agar, but the growth of lactic acid bacteria was inhibited.6) The detection of bifidobacterial colony decreased remarkably, when both of the Gas Pak anaerobic jar and Pouch method generally used as the simple techniques for anaerobic cultivations, were applied to their viable cell counts with the modified Rogosa's selective agar.
Limb derived cells as a paradigm for engineering self‐assembling skeletal tissues (2017)

Mimicking developmental events has been proposed as a strategy to engineer tissue constructs for regenerative medicine. However, this approach has not yet been investigated for skeletal tissues. Here, it is demonstrated that ectopic implantation of day-14.5 mouse embryonic long bone anlagen, dissociated into single cells and randomly incorporated in a bioengineered construct, gives rise to epiphyseal growth plate-like structures, bone and marrow, which share many morphological and molecular similarities to epiphyseal units that form after transplanting intact long bone anlage, demonstrating substantial robustness and autonomy of complex tissue self-assembly and the overall organogenesis process. In vitro studies confirm the self-aggregation and patterning capacity of anlage cells and demonstrate that the model can be used to evaluate the effects of large and small molecules on biological behaviour. These results reveal the preservation of self-organizing and self-patterning capacity of anlage cells even when disconnected from their developmental niche and subjected to system perturbations such as cellular dissociation. These inherent features make long bone anlage cells attractive as a model system for tissue engineering technologies aimed at creating constructs that have the potential to self-assemble and self-pattern complex architectural structures.
ViTS: Video Tagging System from Massive Web Multimedia Collections (2017)

The popularization of multimedia content on the Web has arised the need to automatically understand, index and retrieve it. In this paper we present ViTS, an automatic Video Tagging System which learns from videos, their web context and comments shared on social networks. ViTS analyses massive multimedia collections by Internet crawling, and maintains a knowledge base that updates in real time with no need of human supervision. As a result, each video is indexed with a rich set of labels and linked with other related contents. ViTS is an industrial product under exploitation with a vocabulary of over 2.5M concepts, capable of indexing more than 150k videos per month. We compare the quality and completeness of our tags with respect to the ones in the YouTube-8M dataset, and we show how ViTS enhances the semantic annotation of the videos with a larger number of labels (10.04 tags/video), with an accuracy of 80,87%. Extracted tags and video summaries are publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .