gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Reference Noise Analysis of Time-Interleaving SAR and Partial-Interleaving Pipelined-SAR ADCs (2015)

This paper analyzes the thermal and reference noises of two types of successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs): the time-interleaving (TI) and the partial-interleaving (PI) Pipelined. The thermal noise is investigated with accurate estimation by deriving closed-form expressions according to the noise equivalent models on different phases. Additionally, the design trade-off between power and noise for two ADC architectures is discussed in detail. On the other hand, the reference noise due to the large switching transient, which significantly degrades the conversion accuracy, is analyzed and verified through behavioral and circuit level simulations of two ADC architectures operating at 500 MS/s for 10-bit resolution. The simulated results show the supremacy of the PI Pipelined-SAR (PS) architecture over the TI-SAR because it exhibits less reference noise sensitivity.
Kainate receptor deficient mast cells exhibit increased activation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro.</i> (2016)

Abstract Allergies and asthma are common ailments that are on the rise around the world, especially in young children. Mast cells play a direct role in the signs and symptoms characteristic in allergic patients. Kainate is an ionotropic member of the glutamate receptor family and is mainly studied in the brain. Recent investigations, however, have shown the presence of the Kainate Receptor (KAR) in peripheral tissues, including cells of the immune system. Our lab has previously studied the effects of KAR deficient mice and have found that these mice have reduced Th2 responses in a house dust mite extract model of allergic airway inflammation. We sought to determine if KAR deficient mast cells played a role in the phenotype observed. Paradoxically, these mast cells exhibited increased, rather than decreased mediator release in vitro by antigen–dependent degranulation. In vivo, KAR KO mice release significantly more histamine during a model of passive systemic anaphylaxis. Finally, KAR KO mice exhibit an exacerbated temperature drop in response to administered histamine. These results stand in contrast to the inhibition of the asthma model, but indicate that KAR agonist, rather than antagonist treatment of mast cells would be a treatment modality to decrease mast cell activation. Such studies are currently underway.
Test of a Conduction-Cooled, Prototype, Superconducting Magnet for a Compact Cyclotron (2012)

A 208-mm inner diameter, 62-mm-tall, wind-and-react Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn prototype magnet was tested to demonstrate its suitability for use in a compact superconducting cyclotron. The magnet and its 270 kg iron return yoke were cooled together by conduction using a 2-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator. This paper presents thermal, electrical and electromagnetic data collected during the tests. Although the radiation shield for the assembly cooled to 47 K within one day, a total of nine days were needed to cool the magnet assembly to below 4 K, at an ultimate heat load of 0.2 W. The dominant heat load at each stage of the cold head was due to thermal conduction along the current leads. The coil was charged without quench to 211 A, generating a pole tip magnetic induction of 3 T. The test demonstrates the technical feasibility to design, manufacture and operate compact superconducting cyclotron magnets at currents in excess of 200 A. The results are being used to improve the design for future high-field, conduction-cooled superconducting cyclotrons.
Collision avoidance by free space enumeration using multiple search strategies. (1989)

This paper presents a general and efficient method using a configuration space for planning a collision-free path among known stationary obstacles for a manipulator. The basic approach taken in this method is to restrict the free space concerning path planning and to avoid executing unnecessary collision detections, based on the idea that a collision-free path can be planned using only partial information of the configuration space. The configuration space is equally quantized into cells in a six dimensional array, and the cells cencerning path planning are enumerated by simultaneously executing multiple search strategies. The coefficients for heuristic functions are randomly generated, and search strategies of different characteristics are defined for enumerating free space cells. The efficiency of each search strategy is evaluated during free space enumeration, and a more promising one is automatically selected and is preferentially executed. The total number of necessary collision detections for free space enumeration mainly depends on the most efficient search strategy among these ones. Therefore, the free space cells are efficiently enumerated for all kinds of manipulators of different kinematic characteristics in all kinds of working environments. This method has been actually implemented and has been applied to several examples which have different characteristics.
Novel Allylic Oxidation of α-Cedrene to <i>sec</i> -Cedrenol by a <i>Rhodococcus</i> Strain (1993)

A bacterial strain, designated KSM-7358, that can use alpha-cedrene for growth was isolated. The strain was identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus and catalyzed the novel allylic oxidation of alpha-cedrene regiospecifically to produce (R)-10-hydroxycedrene (sec-cedrenol) with a very high yield. alpha-Curcumene was also produced as a possible metabolite of sec-cedrenol. A possible pathway for the microbial conversion of alpha-cedrene to sec-cedrenol and alpha-curcumene is proposed.
Cracks Under Pressure? Burst Prediction in Water Networks Using Dynamic Metrics (2017)

Ranking pipes according to their burst likelihood can help a water utility triage its proactive maintenance budget effectively. In the research literature, data-driven approaches have been used recently to predict pipe bursts. Such approaches make use of static features of the individual pipes such as diameter, length, and material to estimate burst likelihood for the next year by learning over past historical data. The burst likelihood of a pipe also depends on dynamic features such as its pressure and flow. Existing works ignore dynamic features because the features need to be measured or are difficult to obtain accurately using a well-calibrated hydraulic model. We complement prior data-driven approaches by proposing a methodology to approximately estimate the dynamic features of individual pipes from readily available network structure and other data. We study the error introduced by our approximation on an academic benchmark water network with ground truth. Using a real-world pipe burst dataset obtained from a European water utility for multiple years, we show that our approximate dynamic features improve the ability of machine learning classifiers to predict pipe bursts. The performance (as measured by the percentage of future bursts predicted) of the best forming classifier improves by nearly 50% through these dynamic features.
Abstract LB-242: Identification of T-cell receptors targeting KRAS-mutated human tumors (2016)

Abstract KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated proto-oncogenes in human cancers, including pancreatic and colorectal cancers. The dominant oncogenic mutations of KRAS are single amino acid substitutions at codon 12, in particular G12D and G12V. The consistency, frequency, and tumor specificity of these “neo-antigens” make them attractive therapeutic targets. Recent data associates T cells targeting mutated antigens with clinical immunotherapy responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, lung cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. We successfully generated T cells from HLA-A11*01 transgenic mice and subsequently isolated HLA-A11*01-resticted T cell receptors (TCRs) highly reactive with the mutated KRAS variants G12V and G12D. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) transduced with these TCRs can recognize multiple HLA-A*11:01+ tumor lines bearing the appropriate KRAS mutations. In a xenograft model of large established tumor, adoptive transfer of these transduced PBL reactive with a mutated pancreatic cell line could significantly reduce its growth in NSG mice. The success of adoptive transfer of TCR-engineered T cells against melanoma and other cancers support clinical trials with these T-cells recognizing mutated KRAS in patients with a variety of common cancer types. A phase I/II clinical trial targeting KRAS G12V and G12D mutations with TCR-engineered PBL in HLA-A1101+ patients will be starting soon in the Surgery Branch NCI. Citation Format: Qiong J. Wang, Zhiya Yu, Kenichi Hanada, Nicholas P. Restifo, James C. Yang. Identification of T-cell receptors targeting KRAS-mutated human tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-242.
Targeting Cancer with Bugs and Liposomes: Ready, Aim, Fire (2007)

One of the major challenges facing cancer therapy today is achieving specificity. Current efforts to meet this challenge are focused on developing targeted therapeutics specific to the cancer cell. An alternative approach is to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to the tumor site. With this end in mind, liposomes optimized for physical robustness have been developed and used clinically as drug delivery vehicles. Paradoxically, the effectiveness of these liposomes is hampered by the suboptimal release of bioavailable drug. This article will highlight the recent advance in using a novel lipase secreted by the tumor-colonizing anaerobic bacterium Clostridium novyi-NT to induce the targeted release of liposomal payloads within tumors.
Design and fabrication of self-assembling micromirror arrays (2009)

We present the potential and the benefits of actuable micromirror arrays for large area applications for daylight deflection. The described micromirror arrays are intended to be implemented into windows of buildings and to provide functionalities like daylight guiding into rooms, heat regulation and glare protection. Placed between two panes of a window, these mirrors are maintenance-free and not subject to defilement. The use of micro system technology on large areas requires very low cost processes and materials, as well as a concept with a minimum of process steps and a very easy and reliable process control. We present theoretical and technological approaches and first technological results.
Conception and fabrication of silicon ring resonator with piezo-resistive detection for force sensing applications (2010)

A new concept of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) oscillating probes using electrostatic excitation and piezo-resistive detection is presented. The probe is characterized by electrical methods in vacuum chamber and by mechanical methods in air. The mixer measurement technique is developed to reduce the parasitic signal level. These probes resonance frequencies are in the 1MHz range and the quality factor is measured about 53,000 in vacuum and 3,000 in air. The force resolution deduced from the measurements is about 8 pN/Hz0.5 .Copyright © 2011 by ASME
High-speed switched reluctance machine design with toroidal-windings (2015)

With the advancement of power electronics, new materials and novel bearing technologies, there has been an active development of high speed machines in recent years. The simple rotor structure makes switched reluctance machines (SRM) candidates for high speed operation. This paper has presents the design of a low power, 50,000 RPM 6/4 SRM having a toroidally wound stator. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows an equivalence to conventionally wound SRMs in terms of torque capability. With the conventional asymmetric converter and classic angular control, this toroidal-winding SRM (TSRM) is able to produce 233.20 W mechanical power with an efficiency of 75% at the FEA stage. Considering the enhanced cooling capability as the winding is directly exposed to air, the toroidal-winding is a good option for high-speed SRM.
Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water. (1992)

A technique has been developed for proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of perfusion, using water as a freely diffusable tracer, and its application to the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the rat is demonstrated. The method involves labeling the inflowing water proton spins in the arterial blood by inverting them continuously at the neck region and observing the effects of inversion on the intensity of brain MRI. Solution to the Bloch equations, modified to include the effects of flow, allows regional perfusion rates to be measured from an image with spin inversion, a control image, and a T1 image. Continuous spin inversion labeling the arterial blood water was accomplished, using principles of adiabatic fast passage by applying continuous-wave radiofrequency power in the presence of a magnetic field gradient in the direction of arterial flow. In the detection slice used to measure perfusion, whole brain CBF averaged 1.39 +/- 0.19 ml.g-1.min-1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). The technique's sensitivity to changes in CBF was measured by using graded hypercarbia, a condition that is known to increase brain perfusion. CBF vs. pCO2 data yield a best-fit straight line described by CBF (ml.g-1.min-1) = 0.052pCO2 (mm Hg) - 0.173, in excellent agreement with values in the literature. Finally, perfusion images of a freeze-injured rat brain have been obtained, demonstrating the technique's ability to detect regional abnormalities in perfusion.
Fast binary image processing using binary decision diagrams (2002)

Many classical image processing tasks can be realized as evaluations of a Boolean function over subsets of an image. For instance, the simplicity test used in 3D thinning requires examining the 26 neighbors of each voxel and computing a single Boolean function of these inputs. In this article, we show how binary decision diagrams can be used to produce automatically very efficient and compact code for such functions. The total number of operations performed by a generated function is at most one test and one branching for each input value (e.g., in the case of 3D thinning, 26 tests and branchings). At each stage, the function is guaranteed to examine only the pertinent input data, i.e., the values which affect the result. As an example, we consider the 3D simplicity test in digital topology, and thinning processes. We produce functions much faster than our previously optimized implementations and than any other implementation we know of. In the case of 3D simplicity test, on average, at each voxel only 8.7 neighboring voxel values are examined.
High-performance supercapacitor electrode based on a polyaniline nanofibers/3D graphene framework as an efficient charge transporter (2014)

The distinctive architecture of the PANI/3D graphene electrode enhances its supercapacitive performance (1024 F g<sup>¬1</sup>), the lightweight and porous conducting foam provides “freeways” for fast charge transport.
Fast approximate k-means via cluster closures (2012)

K-means, a simple and effective clustering algorithm, is one of the most widely used algorithms in computer vision community. Traditional k-means is an iterative algorithm - in each iteration new cluster centers are computed and each data point is re-assigned to its nearest center. The cluster re-assignment step becomes prohibitively expensive when the number of data points and cluster centers are large. In this paper, we propose a novel approximate k-means algorithm to greatly reduce the computational complexity in the assignment step. Our approach is motivated by the observation that most active points changing their cluster assignments at each iteration are located on or near cluster boundaries. The idea is to efficiently identify those active points by pre-assembling the data into groups of neighboring points using multiple random spatial partition trees, and to use the neighborhood information to construct a closure for each cluster, in such a way only a small number of cluster candidates need to be considered when assigning a data point to its nearest cluster. Using complexity analysis, real data clustering, and applications to image retrieval, we show that our approach out-performs state-of-the-art approximate k-means algorithms in terms of clustering quality and efficiency.
Interactive Artificial Bee Colony Supported Passive Continuous Authentication System (2012)

In this paper, an initiative passive continuous authentication (CA) system based on both hard and soft biometrics is presented. Human facial features are used as hard biometric information for the authentication process, and the clothes' color of a user is employed as the soft biometric information. The passive CA system keeps verifying, without interrupting the user from concentrating on his work. It also provides the capacity for the machine to recognize who is in front of the terminal, reduces the potential security leaks, and denies access to the invader with the stolen account and password. In this system, the face recognition core is implemented not only by the Eigenface method, but also assisted by the interactive artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated by the ORL face database and tested on the prototype CA system for computer security. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of recognition is raised up to 3.13%, i.e., from 83.75% to 86.88%, with data from the ORL database, and it is improved by 34.53% on average in the real-time continuous authentication environment.
<title>Column parallel vision system: CPV</title> (2002)

We have designed and constructed a column parallel vision (CPV) system to realize an intelligent and general purpose image processing system with higher frame rate within 1 millisecond. The system consists of an original designed photo detector array (PDA) with high frame rate, a parallel processing unit with fully parallel processing elements (PEs), and a controller for PDA and PEs. The column parallel architecture enables the PDA 1 millisecond frame rate with 256 analog levels which is required for industrial image processing and measurements. The parallel processing unit has been fabricated by using FPGAs and has 128 X 128 PEs to perform the fully parallel image processing. The PEs have the S<SUP>3</SUP>PE architecture which has SIMD type parallel processing flow, and was constructed only 500 transistors suitable for integration in future. Since the PEs are operated by control signal from the controller, we can achieve desired image processing task to the system by changing the software. We have demonstrated that the system can be worked as a tracking system. The experimental results show the system was realized high speed feedback loop as 1000 frame/s including the tracking operation with noise reduction, matching (self-window algorithm) and moment calculation.
Attenuation correction of PET images with respiration-averaged CT images in PET/CT. (2005)

The high rate of misalignment suggested a potential mismatch between the HCT and the PET data with the limited-breath-hold CT protocol. In the comparison of HCT and ACT, significant differences (>50%) in SUV were attributable to different breathing states between HCT and PET. The PET data corrected by ACT did not show breathing artifacts, suggesting that ACT may be more accurate than HCT for AC of the PET data.
Hyperproduction of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate during Exponential Growth of <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> UWD (1989)

The transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii UW with A. vinelandii 113 DNA resulted in the formation of rifampin-resistant colonies, 13% of which also inherited a previously unrecognized mutation in the respiratory NADH oxidase. These transformants produced colonies with a white-sectored phenotype after prolonged incubation. Cells from these sectors were separated and purified by streaking and were named UWD. The dense white phenotype was due to the production of a large amount of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate during the exponential growth of strain UWD. The polymer accounted for 65 or 75% of the cell dry weight after 24 h of incubation of cultures containing glucose and either ammonium acetate or N(2), respectively, as the nitrogen source. Under the same conditions, strain UW cells contained 22 to 25% poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, but O(2)-limited growth was required for these optimal production values. Polymer production was not dependent on O(2) limitation in strain UWD, but the efficiency of conversion of glucose to poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was enhanced in O(2)-limited cultures. Conversion efficiencies were >0.25 and 0.33 mg of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate per mg of glucose consumed under vigorous- and low-aeration conditions, respectively, compared with an efficiency of 0.05 achieved by strain UW. Strain UWD, therefore, appeared to from poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate under novel conditions, which may be useful in designing new methods for the industrial production of biodegradable plastics.
Learning to shortcut and shortlist order fulfillment deciding (2021)

With the increase of order fulfillment options and business objectives taken into consideration in the deciding process, order fulfillment deciding is becoming more and more complex. For example, with the advent of ship from store retailers now have many more fulfillment nodes to consider, and it is now common to take into account many and varied business goals in making fulfillment decisions. With increasing complexity, efficiency of the deciding process can become a real concern. Finding the optimal fulfillment assignments among all possible ones may be too costly to do for every order especially during peak times. In this work, we explore the possibility of exploiting regularity in the fulfillment decision process to reduce the burden on the deciding system. By using data mining we aim to find patterns in past fulfillment decisions that can be used to efficiently predict most likely assignments for future decisions. Essentially, those assignments that can be predicted with high confidence can be used to shortcut, or bypass, the expensive deciding process, or else a set of most likely assignments can be used for shortlisting -- sending a much smaller set of candidates for consideration by the fulfillment deciding system.
Cloud-Based Image Coding for Mobile Devices—Toward Thousands to One Compression (2013)

Current image coding schemes make it hard to utilize external images for compression even if highly correlated images can be found in the cloud. To solve this problem, we propose a method of cloud-based image coding that is different from current image coding even on the ground. It no longer compresses images pixel by pixel and instead tries to describe images and reconstruct them from a large-scale image database via the descriptions. First, we describe an input image based on its down-sampled version and local feature descriptors. The descriptors are used to retrieve highly correlated images in the cloud and identify corresponding patches. The down-sampled image serves as a target to stitch retrieved image patches together. Second, the down-sampled image is compressed using current image coding. The feature vectors of local descriptors are predicted by the corresponding vectors extracted in the decoded down-sampled image. The predicted residual vectors are compressed by transform, quantization, and entropy coding. The experimental results show that the visual quality of reconstructed images is significantly better than that of intra-frame coding in HEVC and JPEG at thousands to one compression .