gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast lapped block reconstructions in compressive spectral imaging (2013)

The coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) senses the spatial and spectral information of a scene using a set of K random projections of the scene onto focal plane array measurements. The reconstruction of the underlying three-dimensional (3D) scene is then obtained by ℓ1 norm-based inverse optimization algorithms such as the gradient projections for sparse reconstruction (GPSR). The computational complexity of the inverse problem in this case grows with order O(KN4L) per iteration, where N2 and L are the spatial and spectral dimensions of the scene, respectively. In some applications the computational complexity becomes overwhelming since reconstructions can take up to several hours in desktop architectures. This paper presents a mathematical model for lapped block reconstructions in CASSI with O(KB4L) complexity per GPSR iteration where B≪N is the block size. The approach takes advantage of the structure of the sensing matrix thus allowing the independent recovery of smaller overlapping blocks spanning the measurement set. The reconstructed 3D lapped parallelepipeds are then merged to reduce the block-artifacts in the reconstructed scenes. The full data cube is reconstructed with complexity O(K(N4/(N')2)L), per iteration, where N'=⌊N/B⌋. Simulations show the benefits of the new model as data cube reconstruction can be accelerated by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the lapped block reconstructions lead to comparable or higher image reconstruction quality.
Increased lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in transgenic mice expressing <i>DGAT2</i> in glycolytic (type II) muscle (2007)

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are frequently accompanied by lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle. However, it is unknown whether primary lipid deposition in skeletal muscle is sufficient to cause insulin resistance or whether the type of muscle fiber, oxidative or glycolytic fiber, is an important determinant of lipid-mediated insulin resistance. Here we utilized transgenic mice to test the hypothesis that lipid accumulation specifically in glycolytic muscle promotes insulin resistance. Overexpression of DGAT2, which encodes an acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase that catalyzes triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis, in glycolytic muscle of mice increased the content of TG, ceramides, and unsaturated long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs in young adult mice. This lipid accumulation was accompanied by impaired insulin signaling and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in glycolytic muscle and impaired whole body glucose and insulin tolerance. We conclude that DGAT2-mediated lipid deposition specifically in glycolytic muscle promotes insulin resistance in this tissue and may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Amino acid residues 24-31 but not palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 are required for membrane anchoring of glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65 (1994)

The smaller isoform of the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65, is synthesized as a soluble protein that undergoes post-translational modification(s) in the NH2-terminal region to become anchored to the membrane of small synaptic-like microvesicles in pancreatic beta cells, and synaptic vesicles in GABA-ergic neurons. A soluble hydrophilic form, a soluble hydrophobic form, and a hydrophobic firmly membrane-anchored form have been detected in beta cells. A reversible and hydroxylamine sensitive palmitoylation has been shown to distinguish the firmly membrane-anchored form from the soluble yet hydrophobic form, suggesting that palmitoylation of cysteines in the NH2-terminal region is involved in membrane anchoring. In this study we use site-directed mutagenesis to identify the first two cysteines in the NH2-terminal region, Cys 30 and Cys 45, as the sites of palmitoylation of the GAD65 molecule. Mutation of Cys 30 and Cys 45 to Ala results in a loss of palmitoylation but does not significantly alter membrane association of GAD65 in COS-7 cells. Deletion of the first 23 amino acids at the NH2 terminus of the GAD65 30/45A mutant also does not affect the hydrophobicity and membrane anchoring of the GAD65 protein. However, deletion of an additional eight amino acids at the NH2 terminus results in a protein which is hydrophilic and cytosolic. The results suggest that amino acids 24-31 are required for hydrophobic modification and/or targeting of GAD65 to membrane compartments, whereas palmitoylation of Cys 30 and Cys 45 may rather serve to orient or fold the protein at synaptic vesicle membranes.
The effects of noradrenaline, B‐HT 920, methoxamine, angiotensin II and vasopressin on mean circulatory filling pressure in conscious rats (1986)

The effects of vasoactive substances on mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of total body venous tone, were determined in conscious rats. Cumulative doses of saline (0.9% w/v NaCl solution), methoxamine (alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist), B-HT920 (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) noradrenaline and vasopressin, and individual doses of angiotensin II (AII), were infused into the rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), MCFP and heart rate (HR) were determined before and during the plateau responses to infusions of the vasoactive substances. The infusions of all the agonists caused a dose-dependent increase in MAP and a decrease in HR. The infusion of saline affected neither MAP nor HR. The infusions of saline and methoxamine did not affect MCFP while the infusions of B-HT 920, noradrenaline and AII increased MCFP. MCFP was slightly increased during the infusion of high doses of vasopressin. It was concluded that receptors for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist and AII are involved in the control of venous tone. Receptors for the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist and vasopressin are not important for the control of venous tone.
Flyktningene i forkynnelsen (2020)

I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hvordan et utvalg prekener holdt i menighetene Grenseog Katedrali tidsrommet 2015/2016 adresserer den europeiske flyktningsituasjonen. I begge menighetene tarpredikantene til orde for en gjestfri holdning overfor flyktningene og posisjonerer seg som deresforsvarere, som veiledere inn mot kommune- og kirkevalg og som kritikere av aktører i den pågå-ende flyktningpolitiske diskusjonen. Vi argumenterer for at predikantene lar flyktningene inngå ibildesystemer der de blir en del av ”alt det vonde eller gode i verden”, og i et omfattende ”vi” som in-kluderer både predikantene selv og tilhørerne. Videre drøfter vi hvordan predikantene balansererdet å fremheve henholdsvis fellestrekk og forskjeller mellom flyktninger og alle andre, og det å løftefram det konkrete og abstrakte i flyktningsituasjonen. Avslutningsvis foreslår vi å adressere destrukturelle sidene ved flyktningsituasjonen, samt å ta med ”den andres” stemme opp på prekesto-len, som konstruktive responser på slike homiletiske dilemmaer.
Enzyme-Powered Three-Dimensional DNA Nanomachine for DNA Walking, Payload Release, and Biosensing (2016)

Herein, we report a DNA nanomachine, built from a DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticle (DNA-AuNP), which moves a DNA walker along a three-dimensional (3-D) DNA-AuNP track and executes the task of releasing payloads. The movement of the DNA walker is powered by a nicking endonuclease that cleaves specific DNA substrates on the track. During the movement, each DNA walker cleaves multiple substrates, resulting in the rapid release of payloads (predesigned DNA sequences and their conjugates). The 3-D DNA nanomachine is highly efficient due to the high local effective concentrations of all DNA components that have been co-conjugated on the same AuNP. Moreover, the activity of the 3-D DNA nanomachine can be controlled by introducing a protecting DNA probe that can hybridize to or dehybridize from the DNA walker in a target-specific manner. This property allows us to tailor the DNA nanomachine into a DNA nanosensor that is able to achieve rapid, isothermal, and homogeneous signal amplification for specific nucleic acids in both buffer and a complicated biomatrix.
The effects of citrus limonoids on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (1989)

Two citrus limonoids, limonin and nomilin, were tested for their effects on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced buccal pouch epidermoid carcinomas. Forty-five female Syrian hamsters were divided into three equal groups. The left buccal pouches of the animals in each group were pretreated topically with two applications of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (group I), a 2.5% solution of limonin dissolved in DMSO (group II) or a 2.5% solution of nomilin dissolved in DMSO (group III). After this initial treatment, 11 hamsters from each group were selected. The left buccal pouches of these animals were painted 2 or 3 times weekly with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in mineral oil. On alternate days the pouches were painted with DMSO (I), the 2.5% solution of limonin (II) or the 2.5% solution of nomilin (III). The 12 remaining hamsters were used as controls and were painted with mineral oil and DMSO (I), mineral oil and the 2.5% solution of limonin (II), or mineral oil and the 2.5% solution of nomilin (III). After 15 weeks the hamsters were killed, the pouches were excised and the tumors were counted and measured. Tumors of variable size were common in the animals treated with DMBA. However, the animals receiving topical applications of limonin exhibited a 60% reduction in tumor burden. Further comparisons between groups I and II showed that this reduction in tumor burden was due to a 20% decrease in tumor number and a 50% decrease in tumor mass. The results for group III showed that nomilin was considerably less effective as an inhibitor of DMBA-induced neoplasia.
<title>Efficient failure recovery in multidisk multimedia servers</title> (1996)

In this paper, we present two disk failure recovery methods that utilize the inherent characteristics of video streams to ensure that the user-invoked on-the-fly failure recovery process does not impose any significant load on the disk array. Whereas the first approach utilizes the sequential nature of playback of video streams to reduce the overhead of the on- the-fly recovery process, the second exploits the inherent redundancies present in video streams to facilitate efficient failure recovery. For the latter approach, we also present a disk array architecture that enhances the scalability of multimedia servers by: (1) integrating the recovery process with the decompression of video streams, and thereby distributing the reconstruction process across the clients; and (2) supporting graceful degradation in the quality of recovered images with increase in the number of disk failures. We compare and contrast our methods to the conventional disk failure recovery schemes.
Operative Treatment of Medial Epicondylitis (2015)

Background: The The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes after the operative treatment of refractory medial epicondylitis between the suture anchor group and the non-suture anchor group. Methods: We enrolled 20 patients (7 men and 13 women) with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis who were able to receive operative treatment in a minimum of an 18-month follow-up. The mean age was 48.6 years (range, 36–59 years). The patients were allocated into either the suture anchor group (7 patients) or the non-suture anchor group (13 patients). We evaluated clinical outcomes using the visual analog scale (VAS), the pain grading system of Nirschl and Pettrone, and postoperative grip strength. Results: The VAS score decreased from 8.8 to 2.0 for the suture anchor group and from 8.6 to 1.3 for the non-suture anchor group(p=0.16). The postoperative grip strength was 95%, 93% of the non-treated arm in both groups (p=0.32). The postoperative satisfaction level was good in 5 patients and fair in 2 for the suture anchor group and excellent in 5 patients, good, in 4, and fair, in 4 for the nonsuture anchor group (p=0.43). The clinical outcomes did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: We found that patients with recalcitrant medial epicondylitis were treated reliably with satisfactory clinical outcomes whether or not suture anchors were used. We believe the use of suture anchors when more than 50% of the tendon origin is affected provides an effective and favorable treatment modality.
On context-based entropy coding of block transform coefficients (2003)

It has been well established that state-of-the-art wavelet image coders outperform block transform image coders in the rate-distortion (R-D) sense by a wide margin. An often asked question is: how much of the coding improvement is due to the transform and how much is due to the encoding strategy? A notable observation is that each block transform coefficient is highly correlated with its neighbors within the same block as well as its neighbors within the same subband. Current block transform coders suffer from poor context modeling and fail to take full advantage of intra- and inter-block correlation in both space and frequency sense. This paper presents a simple, fast and efficient adaptive block transform image coding algorithm based on high-order space-frequency, context modeling. Despite the simplicity constraints, coding results show that the proposed codec achieves competitive R-D performances comparing to the best wavelet codecs in the current literature.
Automatic refinement of patent queries using concept importance predictors (2012)

Patent prior art queries are full patent applications which are much longer than standard web search topics. Such queries are composed of hundreds of terms and do not represent a focused information need. One way to make the queries more focused is to select a group of key terms as representatives. Existing works show that such a selection to reduce patent queries is a challenging task mainly because of the presence of ambiguous terms. Given this setup, we present a query modeling approach where we utilize patent-specific characteristics to generate more precise queries. We propose to automatically disambiguate query terms by employing noun phrases that are extracted using the global analysis of the patent collection. We further introduce a method for predicting whether expansion using noun phrases would improve the retrieval effectiveness.
Klotho suppresses growth and invasion of colon cancer cells through inhibition of IGF1R-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway (2014)

Klotho (KL) was originally characterized as an aging suppressor gene, and has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in a variety of cancers including colon cancer. However, the potential role and molecular events for KL in colon cancer remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of KL in human colon cancer by immunohistochemistry, and to analyze the correlation between KL expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colon cancer. Functional analysis after lentivirus-mediated gain of KL expression was used to assess the tumor growth and invasion in colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The rate of KL expression was significantly decreased in cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent non-cancer tissues (ANCT) (60.3 vs.77.9%, P=0.022), and KL expression was negatively associated with Dukes staging (P=0.034) and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.008). Overexpression of KL in vitro inhibited cell proliferative activities and invasive potential in colon cancer cells, companied with decreased expression of p-IGF1R, p-PI3K, p-AKT, PCNA and MMP-2. In addition, the tumor volumes in the HT-29 subcutaneous tumor model treated with lentivirus‑mediated KL vector (Lv-KL) was significantly smaller than those of the negative control (NC) group (P<0.01). Taken together, our findings indicate that the expression of KL is downregulated in human colon caner and correlates with tumor invasion and Dukes staging, while overexpression of KL suppresses growth and invasion through inhibition of IGF1R-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in colon cancer cells, suggesting that KL may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Trk Activation of the ERK1/2 Kinase Pathway Stimulates Intermediate Chain Phosphorylation and Recruits Cytoplasmic Dynein to Signaling Endosomes for Retrograde Axonal Transport (2012)

The retrograde transport of Trk-containing endosomes from the axon to the cell body by cytoplasmic dynein is necessary for axonal and neuronal survival. We investigated the recruitment of dynein to signaling endosomes in rat embryonic neurons and PC12 cells. We identified a novel phosphoserine on the dynein intermediate chains (ICs), and we observed a time-dependent neurotrophin-stimulated increase in intermediate chain phosphorylation on this site in both cell types. Pharmacological studies, overexpression of constitutively active MAP kinase kinase, and an in vitro assay with recombinant proteins demonstrated that the intermediate chains are phosphorylated by the MAP kinase ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, a major downstream effector of Trk. Live cell imaging with fluorescently tagged IC mutants demonstrated that the dephosphomimic mutants had significantly reduced colocalization with Trk and Rab7, but not a mitochondrial marker. The phosphorylated intermediate chains were enriched on immunoaffinity-purified Trk-containing organelles. Inhibition of ERK reduced the amount of phospho-IC and the total amount of dynein that copurified with the signaling endosomes. In addition, inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced the motility of Rab7- and TrkB-containing endosomes and the extent of their colocalization with dynein in axons. NGF-dependent survival of sympathetic neurons was significantly reduced by the overexpression of the dephosphomimic mutant IC-1B-S80A, but not WT IC-1B, further demonstrating the functional significance of phosphorylation on this site. These results demonstrate that neurotrophin binding to Trk initiates the recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein to signaling endosomes through ERK1/2 phosphorylation of intermediate chains for their subsequent retrograde transport in axons.
Aggregation, immune complexes and immunogenicity (2011)

The development of an immune response to a protein therapeutic may nullify its beneficial activity or result in adverse events. Immunogenicity is, therefore, a major concern for clinicians, regulatory authorities and the biopharmaceutical industry. These concerns are particularly acute for the treatment of chronic diseases, as opposed to cancer, that may require repeated exposure to therapeutic over extended cycles of remission/relapse. There are many parameters that may be contributory to immunogenicity; however, the "bête noire," for the past decade has been aggregation. ( 1-3).
Overfitting and forecasting: linear versus non-linear time series models (2000)

The main purpose of this dissertation is to compare the in-sample estimating and out-of-sample forecasting performance of a set of non-linear time series models, i.e., threshold autoregressive models, momentum threshold autoregressive models, exponential autoregressive models, generalized autoregressive models and bilinear models. First, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to study overfitting and forecasting. For AR processes, if the AIC and SBC criteria are used to select models, the possibility of overfitting is very high since the non-linear models and other linear models are very likely to have lower AIC and SBC. However, the MSPE for one-step ahead out-of-sample forecast can be used to identify the true AR processes. For TAR processes, the AIC can be used to identify the TAR-C models. The SBC and MSPE can identify the TAR process only if the difference of the persistence between the two regimes is large enough. Underfitting and misspecification are very likely to happen for a TAR process with small difference of the persistence between the two regimes. However, if we don't know the true AR or TAR process, the MSPE can't select the AR or TAR models in most cases. Thus, none of the AIC, SBC and MSPE can select the AR model for a given AR process with unknown order. For the TAR process, the AIC can consistently identify the TAR-C process and the SBC can identify the TAR-C process only if the difference of the persistency is large enough. Then, a set of linear and non-linear time series models are applied to the term structure of interest rates and the spread of wholesale and retail pork prices in U.S. It is shown that there are non-linear time series models can do better than the conventional ARMA models for both in-sample estimation and out-of-sample forecast. Also, it is very unlikely that the dominance of the non-linear time series models results from overfitting for both the term structure of interest rates and the spread of wholesale and retail pork prices in U.S. Thus, non-linear time series models are very useful for estimating and forecasting the non-linear time series.
Control of early cell death by BDNF in the chick retina (1997)

The developing chick retina undergoes at least two discrete periods of programmed cell death. The earlier period coincides with the main onset of neuron birth and migration (embryonic day 5-7), whereas the latter one corresponds to the well-documented process of retinal ganglion cell death following tectal innervation (embryonic day 10-14; Rager, G. H. (1980) Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 63, 1-92). In the early period, apoptosis is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) acting via its p75 receptor (Frade, J. M., Rodríguez-Tébar, A. and Barde, Y.-A. (1996) Nature 383, 166-168). Here, we show that the application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to chick embryos in ovo prevented retinal cell death in the early period, whereas exogenously applied NGF and neurotrophin-3 had no such effect. The addition of BDNF to embryos resulted in about 70% increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in both E6 and E9 retinas relative to controls. BDNF is first expressed in both the pigment epithelium and neural retina of embryonic day 4 embryos, and at the same stage of development, its TrkB receptor is expressed in the neural retina. Our data indicate that early cell death is an important process in the neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cells and is regulated by locally produced BDNF.
Applications of latent image metrology in microlithography (1991)

The characterization of lithography tool performance during evaluation and in the production tool line is traditionally a time-consuming operation. The work presented here describes a technique which uses scattering of an optical probe from latent images in exposed, undeveloped resist to make rapid and reproducible measurements of a number of optical projection tool printing characteristics. Lens characteristics such as field curvature, astigmatism and coma as well as machine parameters such as column tip, focus and standard exposure dose may be measured. In addition, resolution and defocus sensitivity characteristics may be observed. Results have been obtained on exposure tools operating at various wavelengths and numerical apertures. The speed and accuracy of Latent Image Metrology (LIM) has enabled precise determination of exposure and barometric pressure induced focus variations. Changes in the field curvature, astigmatism and other imaging properties of lenses have been observed when they are subjected to high exposure doses.
Healing Large Traumatic Eardrum Perforations in Humans Using Fibroblast Growth Factor Applied Directly or via Gelfoam (2012)

Otology & Neurotology publishes original articles relating to both clinical and basic science aspects of otology, neurotology, and cranial base surgery. As the foremost journal in its field, it has become the favored place for publishing the best of new science relating to the human ear and its diseases. The broadly international character of its contributing authors, editorial board, and readership provides the Journal its decidedly global perspective.