gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current generation by minority-species heating (1981)

It is proposed that electric currents be generated from the preferential heating of ions travelling in one direction but with no net momentum injected into the system. This can be accomplished with, for example, travelling waves in a two-ion-species plasma. The current can be generated efficiently enough for the scheme to be of interest in maintaining steady-state toroidal currents in a reactor.
Recurrent conditional random field for language understanding (2014)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently produced record setting performance in language modeling and word-labeling tasks. In the word-labeling task, the RNN is used analogously to the more traditional conditional random field (CRF) to assign a label to each word in an input sequence, and has been shown to significantly outperform CRFs. In contrast to CRFs, RNNs operate in an online fashion to assign labels as soon as a word is seen, rather than after seeing the whole word sequence. In this paper, we show that the performance of an RNN tagger can be significantly improved by incorporating elements of the CRF model; specifically, the explicit modeling of output-label dependencies with transition features, its global sequence-level objective function, and offline decoding. We term the resulting model a “recurrent conditional random field” and demonstrate its effectiveness on the ATIS travel domain dataset and a variety of web-search language understanding datasets.
Releasable infrared metamaterials (2011)

Infrared metamaterial arrays containing Au elements immersed in a medium of benzocyclobutene (BCB) were fabricated and selectively etched to produce small square flakes with edge dimensions of approximately 20 μm. Two unit-cell designs were fabricated successfully: one employed crossed-dipole elements while the other utilized square-loop elements (the latter design was symmetric about a Cr ground plane). Infrared spectral reflectivity measurements from collected flakes were compared to infinite-surface simulations in Ansoft HFSS and spectral reflectance measurements of full array samples. Good agreement was found between modeled and experimental resonant behavior when taking into account the proportionality of flakes filling the input aperture of the measurement apparatus.
Detection, Synchronization, and Doppler Scale Estimation with Multicarrier Waveforms in Underwater Acoustic Communication (2008)

We propose a novel method for detection, synchronization, and Doppler scale estimation for underwater acoustic communication using orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) waveforms. The method involves transmitting two identical OFDM symbols together with a cyclic prefix, while the receiver uses a bank of parallel self-correlators matched to different Doppler scaling factors on waveform dilation or compression. We characterize the receiver operating characteristic in terms of probability of false alarm and probability of detection, and analyze the impact of Doppler scale estimation accuracy on the data transmission performance. We have tested the proposed method with real data from an experiment at Buzzards Bay, MA, Dec. 15, 2006. Using only one OFDM preamble, the proposed method achieves performance similar to an existing method that uses two linearly-frequency-modulated (LFM) waveforms, one as a preamble and the other as a postamble. Avoiding the need of buffering the whole data packet before data demodulation, the proposed method enables online receiver operation.
Preparation of large-particle-size monodisperse latexes in space (1986)

Results are reported of latex sphere polymerization experiments performed on two flights of the Columbia and three flights of the Challenger. The trials were carried out because polymerization of the spheres in space avoids coagulation, nucleation of a new crop of particles, and excessive stirring requirements, and allows growth of spheres larger than 4 microns diam. The Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) held four stirred 100 cc sealed stainless steel cylindrical containers. The mixtures were monitored for the conversion times, volume decreases as spheres formed and the mixture temperature. The spheres were grown from 0.19 micron seeds. Details of the flight preparation efforts are outlined. In flights which did not experience mechanical malfunctions spheres 3-30 microns diam were grown that had noticeably lower size variations than did the ground-based control particles. The 10 micron diam spheres grown on STS-6 were accepted as standard reference material by the NBS and became the first products made in space to be commercially sold on earth; the 30 micron spheres also became NBS standards. The experiments confirmed all projected benefits of producing the spheres in space, as well as provided the opportunity to grow more larger offsize spheres by finishing the growths on earth.
Towards hollow-core optical fibers with lower attenuation than silica fibers (2022)

Silica glass optical fibers have revolutionized data transmission, sensing and laser development over the past 50 years. Moreover, dielectric waveguides with a hollow core offer exciting development possibilities beyond traditional technology. Hollow Core Optical Fibers (HCFs) have been fabricated over the past 20 years with various geometries and refinements, yet their attenuation has remained significantly higher than can be routinely achieved in standard silica single mode fibers. Here we present recent developments in Nested Anti-resonant Nodeless Fiber (NANF) design over the last few years and show how this rapidly developing technology has been refined to produce state of the art HCFs at wavelengths between 850 – 1625 nm.
A membrane-associated, fluorogenic reporter for mammalian phospholipase C isozymes (2017)

A diverse group of cell-surface receptors, including many G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases, activate phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate. Consequently, PLCs control various cellular processes, and their aberrant regulation contributes to many diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the widespread importance of PLCs in human biology and disease, it has been impossible to directly monitor the real-time activation of these enzymes at membranes. To overcome this limitation, here we describe XY-69, a fluorogenic reporter that preferentially partitions into membranes and provides a selective tool for measuring the real-time activity of PLCs as either purified enzymes or in cellular lysates. Indeed, XY-69 faithfully reported the membrane-dependent activation of PLC-β3 by Gα<sub>q</sub> Therefore, XY-69 can replace radioactive phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate used in conventional PLC assays and will enable high-throughput screens to identify both orthosteric and allosteric PLC inhibitors. In the future, cell-permeable variants of XY-69 represent promising candidates for reporting the activation of PLCs in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Extremely Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices with Ionic Conductors (2015)

An extremely stretchable electroluminescent device is fabricated based on alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) materials and ionic conductors. The stretchable ACEL device possesses extremely high stretchability, and can be linearly stretched to 700% with the luminance being maintained at 70% of the initial value before stretching. The ACEL device can be repetitively stretched to 400% with stable emission behavior.
Optical pulse synthesis using Brillouin selective sideband amplification (2002)

We present a novel concept for Fourier synthesis of optical pulses using Brillouin selective sideband amplification in optical fibers and demonstrate the generation of a 7.8 GHz pulse train using two CW lasers and two phase modulators.
Simple miniaturized gel system for DNA sequence analysis (1998)

A simple miniaturized gel system suitable for DNA sequencing is described. Small ultrathin polyacrylamide gels are cast, eight or more at a time, using standard microscope slides. Gels, ready to use, can be stored for approximately 2 weeks. Gels are run horizontally in a standard mini-agarose gel apparatus. Typical run times are 6-8 min. A novel sample loading system permits volumes of standard sequencing reactions as small as 0.1 microl to be analyzed. Sequencing ladders were visualized using 35S-labeled DNA by autoradiography and by colorimetric detection. Band resolution compares favorably with that of large gels. The methods introduced here serve as a step toward the miniaturization of DNA sequencing and are amenable to automated sample loading and detection.
The <i>Ashbya gossypii</i> Genome as a Tool for Mapping the Ancient <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Genome (2004)

We have sequenced and annotated the genome of the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. With a size of only 9.2 megabases, encoding 4718 protein-coding genes, it is the smallest genome of a free-living eukaryote yet characterized. More than 90% of A. gossypii genes show both homology and a particular pattern of synteny with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of this pattern revealed 300 inversions and translocations that have occurred since divergence of these two species. It also provided compelling evidence that the evolution of S. cerevisiae included a whole genome duplication or fusion of two related species and showed, through inferred ancient gene orders, which of the duplicated genes lost one copy and which retained both copies.
Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 9 Inhibition Protects Cartilage From the Catabolic Effects of Proinflammatory Cytokines (2014)

CDK-9 activity is required for the primary inflammatory response in chondrocytes. Flavopiridol suppresses the induction of inflammatory mediator genes and catabolic genes to protect cartilage from the deleterious effects of proinflammatory cytokines, without affecting cell viability and functions.
Thermal chemical vapor deposition of epitaxial germanium tin alloys (2014)

A pseudomorphic growth of GeSn epitaxial films with [Sn] up to 16 at.% on relaxed Ge underlayer was demonstrated in a reduced pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition chamber. GeSn film resistivity can be as low as 0.3 mOhm-cm by in-situ boron doping of GeSn. Also, a GeSiSn film growth containing [Si]∼24 at.% and [Sn]∼4 at.% was achieved by flowing SiH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> during GeSn growth.
Global Precision Time Distribution via Satellite-Based Entangled Photon Sources (2022)

High-precision time synchronization is a fundamental requirement for quantum networks. We simulate a global time distribution network by using quantum clock synchronization – sharing entangled photons between satellite-ground station pairs. This provides sub-nanosecond to picosecond level precision over intercontinental scales (better than GPS).
Structural and Functional Features of the 37-kDa 2-5A-Dependent RNase L in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2002)

A 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A)-dependent 37-kDa form of RNase L has been reported in extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In the current study, analytic gel permeation FPLC, azido photoaffinity labeling, two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) have been used to examine the biochemical relationship between the 80-kDa RNase L in healthy control PBMC and the 37-kDa RNase L in PBMC from individuals with CFS. Like the 80-kDa RNase L, the 37-kDa RNase L is present as a catalytically inactive heterodimer complex with the RNase L inhibitor (RLI). Formation of a 37-kDa RNase L-RLI complex indicates that the 37-kDa RNase L is structurally similar to the 80-kDa RNase L at the N-terminus, which contains the 2-5A binding domain. The enzymatically active monomer form of 37-kDa RNase L resolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis has a pI of 6.1. RT-PCR and Southern blot analyses demonstrated that the 37-kDa RNase L is not formed by alternative splicing. In-gel tryptic digestion of the 37-kDa RNase L that was excised from 2-D gels and subsequent MALDI-MS analysis identified three peptide masses that are identical to three predicted peptide masses in the 80-kDa RNase L. The electrophoretic mobility of 2-5A azido photolabeled/immunoprecipitated 37-kDa RNase L was the same under reducing and nonreducing conditions. The results presented show that the 37-kDa form of RNase L in PBMC shares structural and functional features with the native 80-kDa RNase L, in particular in the 2-5A binding and catalytic domains.
Oxygen Production by Pressure Swing Adsorption (1989)

Abstract The specific oxygen production capacity and the oxygen recovery of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process for the production of oxygen from ambient air by selective adsorption of nitrogen can be increased by operating the process at a superambient temperature. The higher temperature operation provides more efficient desorption of nitrogen from the adsorbent which more than off-sets the detrimental effects of the lower selectivity and capacity of adsorption of nitrogen from air at the elevated temperature. The concept is demonstrated by evaluating the performance of an eight-step PSA-oxygen process to produce a 90% oxygen product stream at different temperatures. It is shown that 10% higher oxygen production capacity and 14.5% larger oxygen recovery can be obtained by operating the PSA process at 60°C compared to its performance at 30°C. The PSA process and its performance data from a pilot plant are discussed.
Metabolic engineering for L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (2001)

Corynebacterium glutamicum has been used since several decades for the large-scale production of amino acids, esp. l-glutamate and L-lysine. After initial successes of random mutagenesis and screeening approaches, further strain improvements now require a much more rational design, i.e. metabolic engineering. Not only recombinant DNA technology but also mathematical modelling of metabolism as well as metabolic flux analysis represent important metabolic engineering tools. This review covers as state-of-the-art examples of these techniques the genetic engineering of the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway resulting in a vectorless strain with significantly increased dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity, and the detailed metabolic flux analysis by 13C isotopomer labelling strategies of the anaplerotic enzyme activities in C. glutamicum resulting in the identification of gluconeogenic phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase as a limiting enzyme.
A prototype “add-on” PET: a head coil with PET to upgrade existing MRI to PET/MRI (2015)

316 Objectives One of the major innovations made in recent years is combined PET/MRI, but utilization of depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement in PET detectors has not been studied well. DOI measurement, which allows for use of a smaller detector ring, is essential for PET in order to exploit the excellent potentials of PET imaging in terms of improved spatial resolution and sensitivity as well as reduced production costs of PET instrument. In this paper, therefore, we proposed a new combined PET/MRI that makes full use of DOI measurement. Methods In order to make a PET detector ring as small as possible while placing electronic parts such as photodetectors and front-end circuits outside of a RF coil, PET detector modules were placed between spokes of the birdcage RF coil. For each detector module, electronic parts were covered with a Cu shielding box with a hole in front of the photodetectors, and scintillators were sticking out of the shielding box to allow their placement inside of the birdcage coil. In theory, the proposed birdcage coil integrated with PET detectors can be applied to any existing MRI as an additional choice of RF coils. For a proof-of-concept, we developed a full-ring prototype (4-layerd arrays of 2.0mm-LYSO with MPPCs), which was applied to a 3.0 T MRI (MAGNETOM Verio, Siemens). Results After evaluating interference between PET and MRI, no undesirable effect was seen in the PET imaging in terms of energy resolution and position identification. While a uniform static magnetic field was obtained, about a 20% decrease in signal-to-noise ratio was observed in MR images; we suspected this was due to noise contamination from outside the MRI room. Conclusions Although further optimization is required for shielding, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept of the proposed head coil with DOI PET detectors.
Pulse delay modulation (PDM) a new wideband data transmission method to implantable medical devices in presence of a power link (2012)

This paper introduces a new technique, called pulse delay modulation (PDM), for wideband data transmission across inductive links along with the power carrier. It consumes small power, provides robustness against strong power carrier interference, and does not affect the power transfer efficiency (PTE). In PDM, a pattern of narrow pulses are transmitted at precise time delays for each data bit through an inductive link to initiate a short oscillatory pattern across the receiver (Rx) data coil. This oscillation shifts the zero-crossings of the undesired sinusoidal power carrier interference on the Rx data coil, resulting in a phase shift between the Rx power and data signals, from which the data bit stream can be recovered. We describe the PDM theoretical foundation and demonstrate its operation via post-layout simulation of a PDM transceiver, designed in a 0.35-μm standard CMOS process, using a realistic inductive link model. The PDM transceiver is expected to achieve a data rate of 13.56 Mbps at 1 cm data coils separation with up to 2 mm misalignment while delivering >;250 mW through an orthogonal power transmission link to an implantable medical device.
A unified framework for data association aware robust belief space planning and perception (2018)

We develop a belief space planning approach that advances the state of the art by incorporating reasoning about data association within planning, while considering additional sources of uncertainty. Existing belief space planning approaches typically assume that data association is given and perfect, an assumption that can be harder to justify during operation in the presence of localization uncertainty, or in ambiguous and perceptually aliased environments. By contrast, our data association aware belief space planning (DA-BSP) approach explicitly reasons about data association within belief evolution owing to candidate actions, and as such can better accommodate these challenging real-world scenarios. In particular, we show that, owing to perceptual aliasing, a posterior belief can become a mixture of probability distribution functions and design cost functions, which measure the expected level of ambiguity and posterior uncertainty given candidate action. Furthermore, we also investigate more challenging situations, such as when prior belief is multimodal and when data association aware planning is performed over several look-ahead steps. Our framework models the belief as a Gaussian mixture model. Another unique aspect of this approach is that the number of components of this Gaussian mixture model can increase as well as decrease, thereby reflecting reality more accurately. Using these and standard costs (e.g. control penalty, distance to goal) within the objective function yields a general framework that reliably represents action impact and, in particular, is capable of active disambiguation. Our approach is thus applicable to both robust perception in a passive setting with data given a priori and in an active setting, such as in autonomous navigation in perceptually aliased environments. We demonstrate key aspects of DA-BSP in a theoretical example, in a Gazebo-based realistic simulation, and also on the real robotic platform using a Pioneer robot in an office environment.
Pressureless Sintering <i>t</i> ‐zirconia@δ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (54 mol%) Core–Shell Nanopowders at 1120°C Provides Dense <i>t</i> ‐Zirconia‐Toughened α‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Nanocomposites (2010)

Zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) is of growing importance in a wide variety of fields exemplified by ZTA prosthetic implants. Unfortunately, ZTA composites are generally difficult to process because of the need to preserve the tetragonal zirconia phase in the final dense ceramic, coincident with the need to fully densify the α‐Al 2 O 3 component. We report here that liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis of mixtures of metalloorganic precursors of alumina and zirconia at varying compositional ratios provide access in one step to core–shell nanoparticles, wherein the shell is δ‐Al 2 O 3 and the core is a perfect single crystal of tetragonal ( t ‐) zirconia. Pressureless sintering studies provided parameters whereby these nanopowder compacts could be sintered to full density (>99%) at temperatures just above 1100°C converting the shell component to α‐Al 2 O 3 but preserving the t ‐ZrO 2 without the need for any dopants. The final average grain sizes of these sintered compacts are ≤200 nm. The resulting materials exhibit the expected response to mechanical deformation with the subsequent production of monoclinic ZrO 2 . These materials appear to offer a low‐temperature, low‐cost route to fine‐grained ZTA with varied Al 2 O 3 : t ‐ZrO 2 compositions.
New Generation Terahertz Pulse Sources Utilizing Volume Phase Holographic Gratings (2022)

Volume phase holographic gratings can allow the implementation of terahertz pulse sources where imaging optics and the microstructuring of a nonlinear material surface are not required. These new sources can also outperform conventional terahertz based on lithium niobate in conversion efficiency and beam uniformity.
Membrane design of vibration transducer to drive round window to increase vibration displacement (2012)

Many kinds of hearing aids have been developed to overcome hearing loss. Each hearing aid has their own method to improve hearing threshold level of the patient. In case of vibration transducer to drive round window, a part of implantable hearing aid, uses the vibration displacement to compensate the hearing level. However, the vibration displacement is limited by membrane size made of metal, when it has been fixed dimensions. In this paper, several form of vibration transducer membrane to drive round window to increase vibration displacement has been proposed. It is calculated using finite element analysis. It is confirmed the vibration displacement can be higher in limited size.
Overview of Current Progress on the LLNL Nuclear Photonics Facility and Mono-energetic Gamma-ray Source (2016)

Abstract Not Provided