gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volume hologram formation in liquid-crystal/photopolymer mixtures (2003)

We present a study of the real-time formation of volume holographic reflection gratings in a liquid-crystal/photopolymer mixture. The diffraction efficiency for s- and p-polarization, Bragg wavelength, and laser scattering are monitored as the grating is formed. We present a model of grating formation that incorporates the photophysics of the initiator dye, reaction-diffusion equations of the monomer-polymer-liquid crystal system, phase separation of the liquid crystal, nematic order evolution, and volume shrinkage of the polymer. The model yields good qualitative agreement with experimental data. We discuss the physics of the system as it evolves in time and describe the effects of various phenomena on the diffraction efficiency of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal gratings.
A low-complexity maximum likelihood decoder for tail-biting trellis (2013)

Abstract Tail-biting trellises are defined on a circular time axis and can have a smaller number of states than equivalent conventional trellises. Existing circular Viterbi algorithms (CVAs) on the tail-biting trellis are non-convergent and sub-optimal. In this study, we show that the net path metric of each tail-biting path is lower-bounded during the decoding process of the CVA. This property can be applied to remove unnecessary iterations of the CVA and results in a convergent maximum likelihood (ML) decoder. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits higher decoding efficiency compared with other existing ML decoders.
Robust Rls with Round Robin Regularization Including Application to Stereo Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2006)

This paper introduces a new algorithm for implementing subband, adaptive filtering using recursive least squares (RLS) with round robin regularization. We show that modern microprocessors with SEMD (single instruction, multiple data) instructions can now implement RLS for practical problems thereby avoiding the numerical stability issues associated with fast RLS (FRLS). The desired signal may be multichannel as in the stereo, acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) problem where the separate channels of the playback signals are often highly correlated. In this case, the recursive computation of the inverse correlation matrix in RLS will diverge. To avoid this problem, we extend adaptive subband RLS to include round robin regularization. The new, regularized RLS (RRLS) algorithm has been implemented in real-time on a personal computer (PC) for the stereo AEC problem and performs well in typical PC scenarios
Long-Term Tracking of Group-Housed Livestock Using Keypoint Detection and MAP Estimation for Individual Animal Identification (2020)

Tracking individual animals in a group setting is a exigent task for computer vision and animal science researchers. When the objective is months of uninterrupted tracking and the targeted animals lack discernible differences in their physical characteristics, this task introduces significant challenges. To address these challenges, a probabilistic tracking-by-detection method is proposed. The tracking method uses, as input, visible keypoints of individual animals provided by a fully-convolutional detector. Individual animals are also equipped with ear tags that are used by a classification network to assign unique identification to instances. The fixed cardinality of the targets is leveraged to create a continuous set of tracks and the forward-backward algorithm is used to assign ear-tag identification probabilities to each detected instance. Tracking achieves real-time performance on consumer-grade hardware, in part because it does not rely on complex, costly, graph-based optimizations. A publicly available, human-annotated dataset is introduced to evaluate tracking performance. This dataset contains 15 half-hour long videos of pigs with various ages/sizes, facility environments, and activity levels. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average precision and recall greater than 95% across the entire dataset. Analysis of the error events reveals environmental conditions and social interactions that are most likely to cause errors in real-world deployments.
Crowd Analysis at Mass Transit Sites (2006)

We propose a novel method for detecting and estimating the count of people in groups, dense or otherwise, as well as tracking them. Using prior knowledge obtained from the scene and accurate camera calibration, the system learns the parameters required for estimation. This information can then be used to estimate the count of people in the scene, in realtime. There are no constraints on camera placement. Groups are tracked in the same manner as individuals, using Kalman filtering techniques. Results are provided for groups of various sizes moving in an unconstrained fashion in crowded scenes
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Components of Motion with MRI (1994)

The phantom and in vivo results presented here suggest that simultaneous detection of two or more components of motion is feasible.
Hip Implant Design With Three-Dimensional Porous Architecture of Optimized Graded Density (2018)

Even in a well-functioning total hip replacement, significant peri-implant bone resorption can occur secondary to stress shielding. Stress shielding is caused by an undesired mismatch of elastic modulus between the stiffer implant and the adjacent bone tissue. To address this problem, we present here a microarchitected hip implant that consists of a three-dimensional (3D) graded lattice material with properties that are mechanically biocompatible with those of the femoral bone. Asymptotic homogenization (AH) is used to numerically determine the mechanical and fatigue properties of the implant, and a gradient-free scheme of topology optimization is used to find the optimized relative density distribution of the porous implant under multiple constraints dictated by implant micromotion, pore size, porosity, and minimum manufacturable thickness of the cell elements. Obtained for a 38-year-old patient femur, bone resorption is assessed by the difference in strain energy between the implanted bone and the intact bone in the postoperative conditions. The numerical results suggest that bone loss for the optimized porous implant is only 42% of that of a fully solid implant, here taken as benchmark, and 79% of that of a porous implant with uniform density. The architected hip implant presented in this work shows clinical promise in reducing bone loss while preventing implant micromotion, thereby contributing to reduce the risk of periprosthetic fracture and the probability of revision surgery.
Electrically Controlled Optical Metamaterials Based on Dispersions of Nano-Rods (2011)

Abstract : We proposed an approach to construct spatially varying and switchable metamaterials that are based on colloidal dispersions of metal nano-rods (NRs) in dielectric fluids, in which dielectrophoretic forces, originating in the electric field gradients, create spatially varying configurations of aligned NRs. The electric field controls orientation and concentration of NRs and thus modulates the optical properties of the medium. Using gold (Au) NRs dispersed in toluene, we demonstrated electrically induced change in refractive index on the order of 0.1. By exploring local light absorption and birefringence, and by developing a model of light propagation in a medium with spatially varying composition, we determined the concentration of NRs and field-induced changes in the refractive indices as the function of spatial coordinates in a nonuniform electric field. We demonstrated that the electric-field induced condensation and alignment of gold NRs near the central region of a cylindrical shell causes bending of light rays around the region enclosed by the shell and to the mitigation of the shadow of the central electrode (nonideal cloaking effect). We also describe liquid crystal metamaterials (LCMMs), representing a composite of a liquid crystal (rather than an isotropic fluid) as a dispersion medium and solid (metal) NRs as a dispersed component. The purpose of the metal component is to vary the effective refractive indices and the resulting birefringence. By spatially distorting the optic axis of LCMMs and by controlling concentration of the metallic component, one can design different trajectories of light propagation through the medium as illustrated analytically and numerically for cylindrical samples of LCMMs. Depending on the refractive indices and configuration of the optic axis in LCMM, the light beam can be concentrated thus offering an approach for the solar energy storage, or bent around the obstacle.
Composing XSL transformations with XML publishing views (2003)

While the XML Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT) was not designed as a query language, it is well-suited for many query-like operations on XML documents including selecting and restructuring data. Further, it actively fulfills the role of an XML query language in modern applications and is widely supported by application platform software. However, the use of database techniques to optimize and execute XSLT has only recently received attention in the research community. In this paper, we focus on the case where XSL transformations are to be run on XML documents defined as views of relational databases. For a subset of XSLT, we present an algorithm to compose a transformation with an XML view, eliminating the need for the XSLT execution. We then describe how to extend this algorithm to handle several additional features of XSLT, including a proposed approach for handling recursion.
Functionalized carbon nanotube reinforced scaffolds for bone regenerative engineering: fabrication,<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>evaluation (2014)

Designing biodegradable scaffolds with bone-compatible mechanical properties has been a significant challenge in the field of bone tissue engineering and regenerative engineering. The objective of this work is to improve the polymeric scaffold's mechanical strength by compositing it with mechanically superior carbon nanotubes. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere scaffolds exhibit mechanical properties in the range of human cancellous bone. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes have outstanding mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to improve further the mechanical strength of PLGA scaffolds such that they may be applicable for a wide range of load-bearing repair and regeneration applications. We have formed composite microspheres of PLGA containing pristine and modified (with hydroxyl (OH), carboxylic acid (COOH)) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and fabricated them into three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Results show that by adding only 3% MWCNTs, the compressive strength and modulus was significantly increased (35 MPa, 510.99 MPa) compared to pure PLGA scaffolds (19 MPa and 166.38 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy images showed excellent cell adhesion and proliferation. In vitro studies exhibited good cell viability, proliferation and mineralization. The in vivo study, however, indicated differences in inflammatory response throughout the 12 weeks of implantation, with OH-modified MWCNTs having the least response, followed by unmodified and COOH-modified exhibiting a more pronounced response. Overall, our results show that PLGA scaffolds containing water-dispersible MWCNTs are mechanically stronger and display good cellular and tissue compatibility, and hence are potential candidates for load-bearing bone tissue engineering.
Room-temperature single photon sources with definite circular and linear polarizations based on single-emitter fluorescence in liquid crystal hosts (2010)

Experimental results of two room-temperature, robust and efficient single-photon sources with definite circular and linear polarization using single-emitter fluorescence in cholesteric and nematic liquid crystal hosts are discussed. For single emitters, we used nanocrystal quantum dots, single color centers in nanodiamonds, and single dye molecules. Single-photon sources based on single emitters in liquid crystals are the room temperature alternatives to cryogenic single-photon sources base on semiconductor heterostructured quantum dots in microcavities prepared by molecular beam epitaxy.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods to Enable the Design of Bioactive Small Molecules Targeting RNA (2014)

Abstract Review: 129 refs.
Towards oncological application of Raman spectroscopy (2009)

As the possibilities in the treatment of cancer continue to evolve, its early detection and correct diagnosis are becoming increasingly important. From the early detection of cancer to the guidance of oncosurgical procedures new sensitive in vivo diagnostic tools are much needed. Many studies report the Raman spectroscopic detection of malignant and premalignant tissues in different sites of the body with high sensitivities. The great appeal of this technique lies in its potential for in vivo clinical implementation. We present an overview of the in vitro and in vivo work on the oncological application of Raman spectroscopy and discuss its potential as a new tool in the clinico-oncological practice. Opportunities for integration of Raman spectroscopy in oncological cure and care as a real-time guidance tool during diagnostic (i.e. biopsy) and therapeutic (surgical resection) modalities as well as technical shortcomings are discussed from a clinician's point of view.
Homopolar Bearingless Slice Motor With Flux-Biasing Halbach Arrays (2019)

We present a new configuration of bearingless slice motor that levitates and rotates a ring-shaped solid steel reluctance rotor. The rotor is 50 mm in diameter and has salient features on the outer surface. Symmetric sets of Halbach magnet arrays, mounted on the tips of stator teeth, establish a homopolar bias flux around the rotor. The bias flux passively stabilizes the rotor in the out-of-plane tilts and axial translation, whereas the rotor's radial translations are actively stabilized by feedback control. The rotor saliencies spatially modulate the air-gap bias flux such that the resulting torque-current relationship is similar to that of permanent-magnet synchronous machines. We have designed, built, and tested a prototype bearingless motor and control system. The prototype system achieves a torque constant of 14.9mNm/A, maximum speed of 5500 rpm, and suspension bandwidth of 84 Hz with a phase margin of 11.3 deg. The rated torque and speed are 26.8 mNm and 3486 rpm, and the axial and tilting passive stiffnesses are 15.3 N/mm and 34.4 mNm/deg.
Autoimmune responses against acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis and their manipulation by synthetic peptides. (1997)

Studies from this laboratory have mapped and synthesized the functional (i.e. acetylcholine and α-neurotoxin binding) sites as well as the sites of immune and autoimmune T- and B-cell recognition of Torpedo californica (t) and human acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Antibodies against tAChR and mouse (m) AChR α-chain peptides have been used to map the surface accessibility of the α-chain extracellular domain in soluble (i.e. free) and in membrane-bound tAChR as well as in mAChR on a live muscle cell line in culture. Myasthenia gravis is a disease caused by autoantibodies against AChR. Yet, we have found on the molecule a pathogenic T-cell epitope which does not bind anti-AChR antibodies. It has been shown, for the first time, that T cells which recognize this region of the receptor to which no autoantibodies are detectable are pathogenic because they provide help to, and activate, B cells that make antibodies against a region of the molecule known to be involved in the binding of the effector moleucule. We have also performed studies, which have been quite successful, on the manipulation of the autoimmune antibody and T cell responses by synthetic peptides. These studies should open up important avenues for the use of synthetic peptides in the manipulation and control of unwanted immune responses.
A novel drug carrier system with polymeric micelles. (1991)

Concept and methodology of micelle-forming polymeric drug is reviewed. Drug targeting using drug carriers had been studied with three types of carriers ; liposomes, microspheres, and polymers. Now however, a successful example of drug targeting using any drug carrier has not been obtained because of low performance of drug carriers. A novel type of drug carrier system, micelle-forming polymeric drug is presented here. Polymeric micelles were constructed by amphiphilic structure of drug-polymer conjugate using a block copolymer, Expected superior features of the polymeric micelles as a drug carrier are long half-life in bloodstream, high water solubility, no long term-accumulation, high stability etc. Furthermore, functions which are needed for the ideal drug carrier can be shared by different polymer segments which become outer shell and inner core of the micelle. This separated functionality is favorable to get highly functionalized drug carrier system. Several unique characters and superior performance of the micelle-forming polymeric drug to the conventional drug carrier systems are described by the authors' work which is a conjugate of anticancer drug, adriamycin and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid)block copolymer.
Efficient Decoding Algorithms for the Compute-and-Forward Strategy (2015)

We address in this paper decoding aspects of the Compute-and-Forward (CF) physical-layer network coding strategy. Under the CF framework, encoders use a special class of nested lattice codes and decoders are based on suboptimal minimum distance decoding of unknown performance gap with respect to optimal decoders. In this work, we develop and assess the performance of novel decoding algorithms for CF operating in the multiple access channel. Starting with the Gaussian channel, we investigate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder. We derive a novel MAP decoding metric and develop practical decoding algorithms shown numerically to outperform the original one. For the fading channel, we analyze the ML decoder for integer-valued lattices and develop a novel Diophantine approximation-based near-ML decoding algorithm shown numerically to outperform the original CF decoder in the 1-D case using Z lattices.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Arene C—H Amination via Photoredox Catalysis. (2016)

Abstract Acridinium salts catalyze the TEMPO‐mediated amination of arenes under light irradiation.
Unexpected Opioid Activity Profiles of Analogues of the Novel Peptide Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligand CJ‐15,208 (2011)

An alanine scan was performed on the novel κ opioid receptor (KOR) peptide ligand CJ-15,208 to determine which residues contribute to the potent in vivo agonist activity observed for the parent peptide. These cyclic tetrapeptides were synthesized by a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis of the linear precursors, followed by cyclization in solution. Like the parent peptide, each of the analogues exhibited agonist activity and KOR antagonist activity in an antinociceptive assay in vivo. Unlike the parent peptide, the agonist activity of the potent analogues was mediated predominantly, if not exclusively, by μ opioid receptors (MOR). Thus analogues 2 and 4, in which one of the phenylalanine residues was replaced by alanine, exhibited both potent MOR agonist activity and KOR antagonist activity in vivo. These peptides represent novel lead compounds for the development of peptide-based opioid analgesics.
Identification and functional analysis of novel micro‐rnas in rat dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve resection (2011)

Peripheral nerve injures are quite common in clinical practice, and many studies have tried to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study focuses on the identification and functional analysis of novel miRNAs in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) following sciatic nerve resection, which is a classic model for studying peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. By using Solexa sequencing, computational analysis, Q-PCR verification, and Dicer knockdown assay, 114 novel miRNAs in rats were identified, of which 51 novel miRNAs were first reported in rat DRGs, and 63 novel miRNAs were produced at days 1, 4, 7, and 14 following sciatic nerve resection. We further predicted target genes of these miRNAs and analyzed the biological processes in which they were involved. The identified biological processes were consistent with the time frame of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, revealing that these miRNAs were genuine miRNAs related to nerve regeneration. Our data provide an important resource for the future study of function and regulation of these miRNAs and contribute to elucidation of tyhe molecular mechanisms responsible for peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.
Intelligent acoustic and vibration recognition/alert systems for security breaching detection, close proximity danger identification, and perimeter protection (2010)

Because the protection of perimeters in national, agricultural, airport, prison, military sites, and residential areas against dangerous approaching human and vehicles when using humans to provide security is expensive or unsafe, acoustic/vibration signature identification of approaching human and vehicles threats has attracted increased attention. This paper addresses the development and deployment of three types of acoustic and vibration based smart sensors to identify and report sequential approaching threats prior to the intrusion. More specifically, we have developed: a) acoustic based long range sensor with which vehicles' engine sound and type can be identified, b) vibration based seismic analyzer which discriminates between human footsteps and other seismic events such as those caused by animals, and c) fence breaching vibration sensor which can detect intentional disturbances on the fence and discriminate between climb, kick, rattle, and lean. All of these sensors were designed with several issues in mind, namely, optimized low power usage, a low number of false positives, small size, secure radio communication, and milspec. The developed vibration based system was installed in an airport with unprotected shore lines in the vicinity of taxi- and run-ways. The system reported an average of less than two false positives per week and zero false negative for the duration of forty-five days. Six fence sensors were installed on the terminal area and end-of-runway chain-link fences where there was possibility of intentional fence climbing. The fence sensors reported no false positives for the duration of forty-five days which included several days of seasonal storms.
Observation of large oscillator strengths for both 1→2 and 1→3 intersubband transitions of step quantum wells (1990)

Both 1→2 and 1→3 intersubband transitions have been observed in a step quantum well structure consisting of 60 Å GaAs wells, 90 Å Al0.18Ga0.82As steps, and 280 Å Al0.44 Ga0.56As barriers. The transition energy and oscillator strength are 112 meV and 0.23 for the 1→2 transition and 150 meV and 0.15 for the 1→3 transition, respectively. The asymmetric property of a step quantum well allows the normally forbidden 1→3 transition to occur. The relaxation of the selection rule suggests a possibility of using optical pumping for infrared laser applications.
Controlling the Catalytic Activity of Platinum‐Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction with Different Substrates (2005)

Peak performance: Electrochemical experiments show that the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum monolayers supported on various transition metals exhibits a volcano-type behavior (see graph). Calculations reveal that bond-breaking occurs more easily as bond-making becomes harder, and why the Pd-supported Pt monolayer (PtML/Pd(111)) has higher ORR activity than pure Pt(111).