gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aphidicolin on Cell Proliferation, Repair of Potentially Lethal Damage and Repair of DNA Strand Breaks in Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells Exposed to X-rays (1982)

The effects of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA alpha-polymerase, have been studied on various cellular end-points and on DNA strand break repair. In the concentration range 0.02-2 micrograms/ml DNA synthesis was strongly inhibited resulting in a concomittant loss of cell proliferation ability; RNA and protein synthesis were unaffected in this range. At these concentrations PLD repair in X-irradiated plateau-phase cells was unaffected even after 7 hours treatment with aphidicolin; however, at higher concentrations (greater than 2 micrograms/ml) PLD repair was inhibited. We show that in the low concentration range (less than 2 micrograms/ml) PLD repair can be seen in exponentially growing cells and from experiments with synchronized cells we establish that the PLD repair observed can be attributed to the S-phase population, the survival of G1-cells not being affected by aphidicolin. The 'promotion' of PLD repair in exponentially growing cells was in excess of that observed for the same cells in balanced salt solution in which PLD repair is usually observed. At high concentrations (greater than 2 micrograms/ml) of aphidicolin, both X-irradiated and control S-cells were killed increasingly as concentration increased. The repair of DNA strand breaks (single and double) was unaffected in the low concentration range, but a strong inhibition was observed at high concentration. It is concluded from these results that alpha-polymerase, which is strongly inhibited at low concentrations of aphidicolin as evidenced by the inhibition of DNA synthesis, plays no major part in the repair of DNA strand breaks or in the repair of PLD.
Regulating Interfacial Na-Ion Flux via Artificial Layers with Fast Ionic Conductivity for Stable and High-Rate Na Metal Batteries (2019)

Metallic Na electrodes are promising anodes for low-cost and high-energy density batteries due to their natural abundance and high specific capacity. Unfortunately, they are extremely reactive and spontaneously form unstable solid-electrolyte interphases, which lead to critical challenges including growth of dendritic/mossy Na structures and fast degradation. We report here the design of artificial interphase films that have intrinsic high Na+-ion conductivity, which enable protected Na electrodes with simultaneously improved surface stability and redox kinetics. They were prepared from Mo6S8 films, which transform to NaxMo6S8 (x ≈ 16) through an in-situ sodiation process when pressed onto Na metal. The protected Na electrodes were stable in dry air for days and exhibited 2.5 times higher exchange current density compared with pristine Na electrodes. They enabled symmetric batteries with stable cycling for 1200 h at 0.5 mA cm–2 and fast Na metal batteries with substantially improved high-rate performance and robust durability for 1000 cycles.
Mobile and Static Support Systems (1976)

Consideration of the body-support interaction and the available mobile and static support systems is followed by detailed discussion of ventile incompressible cushioning. The requirements of the filler material for mattresses, cushions and pillows constructed on this principle are outlined and the economic aspects are highlighted. A call is made for filler production and marketing at more acceptable cost levels than at present.
Cross-reactive antibody against human coronavirus OC43 spike protein correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study (2021)

Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) including HCoV-229E, -OC43, -NL63, and -HKU1 widely spread in global human populations. However, the relevance of humoral response against seasonal HCoVs to COVID-19 pathogenesis is elusive. In this study, we profiled the temporal changes of IgG antibody against spike proteins (S-IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs in 838 plasma samples collected from 344 COVID-19 patients. We tested the antigenic cross-reactivities of S protein between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs and evaluated the correlations between the levels of HCoV-OC43 S-IgG and the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We found that SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG titres mounted until days 22-28, whereas HCoV-OC43 antibody titres increased until days 15-21 and then plateaued until day 46. However, IgG titres against HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -HKU1 showed no significant increase. A two-way cross-reactivity was identified between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were not detectable in healthy controls who were positive for HCoV-OC43 S-IgG. HCoV-OC43 S-IgG titres were significantly higher in patients with severe disease than those in mild patients at days 1-21 post symptom onset (PSO). Higher levels of HCoV-OC43 S-IgG were also observed in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. At days 1-10 PSO, HCoV-OC43 S-IgG titres correlated to disease severity in the age group over 60. Our data indicate that there is a correlation between cross-reactive antibody against HCoV-OC43 spike protein and disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
A 0.2-μm bipolar-CMOS technology on bonded SOI with copper metallization for ultra high-speed processors (2002)

A 0.2-/spl mu/m bipolar-CMOS process technology on a bonded SOI wafer was developed for ultra-high-speed applications. This process was used to fabricate a new cache memory chip consisting of 9-Mb 0.6-ns SRAMs and a 200-K 25-ps ECL gate array. To achieve high performance, the 0.2-/spl mu/m bipolar-CMOS process features a 6-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-cell-size BJT with a 50-nm base width, a 6T-CMOS memory cell and copper interconnects that reduce wiring delay by 30%. A combination of low-energy ion-implantation and two-step annealing was applied to form a low-leakage, shallow base junction. A bonded SOI wafer with deep and shallow trench isolations was used to maximize the BJT performance.
In search of general mechanisms for long-lasting plasticity:<i>Aplysia</i>and the hippocampus (2003)

Long-term synaptic plasticity is thought to underlie many forms of long-lasting memory. Long-lasting plasticity has been most extensively studied in the marine snail Aplysia and in the mammalian hippocampus, where Bliss and Lømo first described long-term potentiation 30 years ago. The molecular mechanisms of plasticity in these two systems have proven to have many similarities. Here, we briefly describe some of these areas of overlap. We then summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of long-lasting synaptic facilitation in Aplysia and suggest that these may prove fruitful areas for future investigation in the mammalian hippocampus and at other synapses in the mammalian brain.
Mechanisms of p34<sup>cdc2</sup> Regulation (1993)

The kinase activity of human p34cdc2 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation at Thr-14 and Tyr-15. These residues lie within the putative nucleotide binding domain of p34cdc2. It has been proposed that phosphorylation within this motif ablates the binding of ATP to the active site of p34cdc2, thereby inhibiting p34cdc2 kinase activity (K. Gould and P. Nurse, Nature [London] 342:39-44, 1989). To understand the mechanism of this inactivation, various forms of p34cdc2 were tested for the ability to bind nucleotide. The active site of p34cdc2 was specifically modified by the MgATP analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA). The apparent Km for modification of wild-type, monomeric p34cdc2 was 148 microM FSBA and was not significantly affected by association with cyclin B. Tyrosine-phosphorylated p34cdc2 was modified by FSBA with a slightly higher Km (241 microM FSBA). FSBA modification of both tyrosine-phosphorylated and unphosphorylated p34cdc2 was competitively inhibited by ATP, and half-maximal inhibition in each case occurred at approximately 250 microM ATP. In addition to being negatively regulated by phosphorylation, the kinase activity of p34cdc2 was positively regulated by the cyclin-dependent phosphorylation of Thr-161. Mutation of p34cdc2 at Thr-161 resulted in the formation of an enzymatically inactive p34cdc2/cyclin B complex both in vivo and in vitro. However, mutation of Thr-161 did not significantly affect the ability of p34cdc2 to bind nucleotide (FSBA). Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of p34cdc2 kinase activity by phosphorylation of Tyr-15 (within the putative ATP binding domain) or by mutation of Thr-161 involves a mechanism other than inhibition of nucleotide binding. We propose instead that the defect resides at the level of catalysis.
LEEM Phase Contrast (1998)

Contrast in low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) originating in the phase of the imaging electron wave is discussed. A wave-optical model is reviewed in which LEEM step contrast is calculated as the interference of the Fresnel diffracted waves from terrace edges which meet at a step. Model predictions which take into account instrumental resolution and beam coherence effects are compared to experimental observations of steps on the W(110) and Si(111) surfaces. Most importantly, this work allows for the routine identification of the step sense with LEEM by inspection. A quantum-mechanical Kronig–Penney model is also presented to explain the quantum size effect (QSE) in electron reflectivity from thin films, which underlies LEEM quantum size contrast. Model predictions reproduce the non-free electron dispersion which is observed in experiment for Cu films on the W(110)surface. This model also serves to demonstrate the relationship between electron reflectivity and electron band structure at a fundamental level.
New Filler Material for Reference Free Part Encapsulation Fixture (2002)

Reference free part encapsulation (RFPE) is a nontraditional universal fixturing technique. In this paper,new filler material-a lower melting point alloy for RFPE technique is introduced. Based on experiment, the shrinlkage and expansion rate, the effect of filler on workpiece drift and the effect of filler thickness on cutting distortion are studied. The alloy has a good mechanical and physical performance and the need of RFPE fixturing can be perfectly satisfied. The result shows that if the formula and process parameters of filler material are properly selected, it can obviously improve the quality of the workpiece, enhance the machining efficiency and reduce the manufacturing cost.
Robust non-linear filtering for video processing (2003)

Noise removal techniques, such as the K-nearest neighbour filter and the /spl alpha/-trimmed mean filter, are known to be very robust in still image noise removal, but they have not been exploited in video processing. We investigate their 3D-extension for use in video sequence noise removal. We also determine the optimal balance between temporal and spatial window size, the optimal values of the other parameters and finally we investigate the artefacts introduced by the filters. The results show that the new video K-nearest neighbour filter outperforms the video version of the /spl alpha/-trimmed mean and the state-of-the-art rational filter by G. Ramponi from both a PSNR and a visual quality point of view.
Fully convolutional neural networks for newspaper article segmentation (2017)

Segmenting newspaper pages into articles that semantically belong together is a necessary prerequisite for article-based information retrieval on print media collections like e.g. archives and libraries. It is challenging due to vastly differing layouts of papers, various content types and different languages, but commercially very relevant for e.g. media monitoring. We present a semantic segmentation approach based on the visual appearance of each page. We apply a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) that we train in an end-to-end fashion to transform the input image into a segmentation mask in one pass. We show experimentally that the FCN performs very well: it outperforms a deep learning-based commercial solution by a large margin in terms of segmentation quality while in addition being computationally two orders of magnitude more efficient.
A 2Gb/s-throughput CMOS transceiver chipset with in-package antenna for 60GHz short-range wireless communication (2012)

High-speed and energy-efficient wireless communication using the 60GHz band is attracting attention, and recent works have realized a highly integrated CMOS transceiver (TRX) [1-2]. This paper presents a fully integrated chipset for short-range/one-to-one wireless communication. The chipset is composed of 2 chips, an RF chip with in-package antenna and a BB chip including PHY/MAC layer. The chipset achieves 2.62Gb/s PHY data rate and 2.07Gb/s MAC throughput. The MAC is designed to have a high efficiency feature due to short interval DATA/Acknowledgement (ACK) frame exchange. It is realized by fast transmitter (TX)/receiver (RX) switching. Achieved energy consumption of 651pJ/bit is the lowest value in the compared TRXs that include a MAC layer.
Pharmacological characterization of rabbit corpus cavernosum relaxation mediated by the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system (1994)

1. The roles of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system and nitric oxide (NO) release in Phoneutria nigriventer venom-induced relaxations of rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) smooth muscle have been investigated by use of a bioassay cascade. 2. Phoneutria nigriventer venom (10-30 micrograms), porcine pancreatic kallikrein (100 mu), rabbit urinary kallikrein (10 mu), bradykinin (BK, 0.3-3 nmol), acetylcholine (ACh, 0.3-30 nmol) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 0.5-10 nmol) caused relaxations of the RbCC strips. Captopril (1 microM) substantially potentiated Phoneutria nigriventer venom- and BK-induced RbCC relaxations without affecting those elicited by GTN. 3. The bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 (D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D- Tic7,Oic8]-BK, 50 nM), aprotinin (10 micrograms ml-1) and the tissue kallikrein inhibitor, Pro-Phe-Aph-Ser-Val- Gln-NH2 (KIZD-06, 1.3 microM) significantly inhibited Phoneutria nigriventer venom-induced RbCC relaxations, without affecting those provoked by GTN and ACh. The B1 receptor antagonist, [Leu9]des Arg10BK (0.5 microM) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI, 10 micrograms ml-1) had no effect on Phoneutria nigriventer venom-induced RbCC relaxations. 4. The relaxations induced by Phoneutria nigriventer venom, porcine pancreas kallikrein, BK and ACh were significantly inhibited by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 microM) but not by D-NAME (10 microM). L-NAME did not affect GTN-induced relaxations. L-Arginine (300 microM), but not D-arginine (300 microM), significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NAME. 5. Our results indicate that Phoneutria nigriventer venom activates the tissue kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system in RbCC strips leading to NO release and suggest a functional role for this system in penile erection.
New legitimacy to concerns about fracking and health (2014)

While scientists and area residents have been sounding the alarm about the health impacts of shale gas drilling for years, recent studies, a legal decision and public health advocates are bringing greater legitimacy to concerns. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, involves drilling vertically, then
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (<i>FGFR2</i>) Mutation Related Syndromic Craniosynostosis (2017)

Craniosynostosis results from the premature fusion of cranial sutures, with an incidence of 1 in 2,100-2,500 live births. The majority of cases are non-syndromic and involve single suture fusion, whereas syndromic cases often involve complex multiple suture fusion. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (<i>FGFR2</i>) gene is perhaps the most extensively studied gene that is mutated in various craniosynostotic syndromes including Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer, Antley-Bixler, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata, Jackson-Weiss, Bent Bone Dysplasia, and Seathre-Chotzen-like syndromes. The majority of these mutations are missense mutations that result in constitutive activation of the receptor and downstream molecular pathways. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach with ultimate surgical fixation of the cranial deformity to prevent further sequelae. Understanding the molecular mechanisms has allowed for the investigation of different therapeutic agents that can potentially be used to prevent the disorders. Further research efforts are need to better understand screening and effective methods of early intervention and prevention. Herein, the authors provide a comprehensive update on <i>FGFR2-</i>related syndromic craniosynostosis.
Fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks: Challenges and opportunities (2011)

Hybrid fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks aim at combining the huge amount of available bandwidth of optical networks and the ubiquity and mobility of wireless access networks with the objective to reduce their cost and complexity. This article highlights key enabling optical as well as wireless technologies and explains their role in emerging FiWi networks. After briefly reviewing previous art, important challenges and imperatives for the design of future FiWi network architectures, protocols, and algorithms are identified and discussed in detail.
Abstract 6278: Burden of Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the General Population and Added Predictive Power of GFR to BNP and NT-proBNP in Detection of Altered Ventricular Structure and Function (2008)

Background: Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is a strong predictor of increased mortality in the presence of heart failure (HF) and its prevalence has been increasing in the US. In addition, CRI is a major contributing factor to the progression of HF as it is associated with chronic volume overload, accelerated atherosclerosis and hypertension (HTN). The first aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of CRI in an adult general population. The second aim was to address whether calculated glomerular filtration rate (cGFR) adds value to the cardiac biomarkers BNP and NT-proBNP in detecting early cardiac structural and functional impairments in the general population. Methods: From 1997 to 1999 medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, BNP (Biosite) and NT-proBNP (Roche) and serum creatinine (SCr) were obtained in 1,982 randomly selected residents of Olmsted County, MN >= 45 years (range 45 – 96 years). GFR was calculated using the Cockroft Gault equation. CRI was defined as a GFR < 60 ml/min. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by in-depth echocardiographic examination. Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular co-morbidities was coronary atherosclerosis 12%, HTN 29.5% and diabetes mellitus 7.5%. The prevalence of CRI was 22.8% when cGFR was used for its detection. Importantly, by Chi-Square model, cGFR significantly increased the ability of BNP in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p=0.004), increased relative wall thickness (p=0.0036), diastolic dysfunction (DDF) (p=0.0001) and HTN (p=0.0002). Similarly, when combined with NT-proBNP, cGFR increased the predictive power of detecting DDF (p=0.0001) and HTN (p=0.0366). Conclusion: This study reports a higher than predicted prevalence of CRI in this general US population equal to 23% and closely associated with the prevalence of HTN (29.5%). Importantly, this study also demonstrates that cGFR has additive predictive power when used in combination with two cardiac biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, BNP and NT-proBNP. These studies underscore the increasing burden of CRI in the general population and the utility of assessing cardiorenal function by combining renal and cardiac biomarkers in assessment of cardiac structure and function.
Contact allergy to Disperse Blue 106 and Blue 124 in black “velvet” clothes (1993)

9 cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to black "velvet" fabrics, mostly leggings, are reported. In all cases, the 2 disperse dyes Blue 106 and 124 were shown to be the responsible contact sensitizers. Preparation of a chloroform extract and separation of the different disperse dyes by analytical and preparative thin-layer chromatography showed that 8 of the 9 black "velvet" clothes contained the same composition, namely Disperse Blue 1, 106, and 124, Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Yellow 3. In experimental studies performed previously, Disperse Blue 124 has been demonstrated to be a moderate sensitizer while Disperse Blue 106 proved to be the strongest sensitizer found so far among the azo disperse dyes.
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the electroretinogram of the guinea pig (1996)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is found in consistently high concentrations in the retinae of mammals, yet its role in vision remains unclear. In this study, a mammalian model of variable retinal DHA concentration has been developed, such that the retinal phospholipids of guinea pigs contained between 2.5 and 30.8% DHA. Visual function was assessed using full-field flash electroretinography, over a range of exposure levels spanning six log units. Trend analysis indicated that retinal function was altered by the tissue DHA level, and was described by a second-order polynomial "inverted U-shaped" function. The results suggested that although some amount of DHA is essential for normal retinal function, increases in the DHA level past an optimal amount, found to be 19%, provided diminishing returns. In this study, manipulation of the retinal DHA level accounted for 21-35% of the electroretinographic variability.
The Thermal and Electrical Behavior of Polyimide Films (1981)

Abstract A series of diamines was polycondensed with pyromellitic di-anhydride and 3, 3′, 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride using a two-step method to get thin, strong, and flexible polyimide films which were characterized by the variations of the substitution at the carbon atom connecting the two phenyl rings of the diamine moiety. The poly(amic acid) prepolymers obtained in the first step had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.9 to 1.60 and they were converted to polyimides by thermal cyclodehydration. All the polycondensation reactions were carried out in dimethyl acetamide under identical conditions. Thus 16 different polyimide polymers were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. Some other important properties, such as solubility, thermal stability, and electrical behavior, were also investigated. The alkyl chain length affected the flexibility of the resultant polyimide films greatly and the electrical properties slightly; however, thermal stability was decreased subsequently.
Ultramolecular homeopathy has no observable clinical effects. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled proving trial of Belladonna 30C (2003)

Ultramolecular homeopathy had no observable clinical effects.
Cisplatin inhibits chromatin remodeling, transcription factor binding, and transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in vivo. (1995)

The anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (cisplatin) covalently modifies DNA, and these lesions are thought to lead to cell death by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. By using in vivo analysis techniques, we have investigated the influence of cisplatin on hormone-induced transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. Cisplatin substantially reduced glucocorticoid-induced expression from the MMTV promoter stably incorporated into mouse tumor cells. The glucocorticoid-receptor-dependent chromatin remodeling and loading of transcription factors that is a signature response of this promoter in the context of chromatin were significantly reduced by cisplatin but not by the clinically ineffective trans-isomer trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (transplatin). Additional in vivo studies on transiently introduced nonchromatin MMTV templates demonstrated that cisplatin modification of DNA blocked binding of the transcription factor NF1. These results provide strong evidence that cisplatin influences transcription by interfering with the opening of repressive chromatin structures and by blocking transcription factor binding directly, each of which could contribute substantially to its toxicity.