gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Epipolar Geometry-Based Fast Disparity Estimation Algorithm for Multiview Image and Video Coding (2007)

Effectively coding multiview visual content is an indispensable research topic because multiview image and video that provide greatly enhanced viewing experiences often contain huge amounts of data. Generally, conventional hybrid predictive-coding methodologies are adopted to address the compression by exploiting the temporal and interviewpoint redundancy existing in a multiview image or video sequences. However, their key yet time-consuming component, motion estimation (ME), is usually not efficient in interviewpoint prediction or disparity estimation (DE), because interviewpoint disparity is completely different from temporal motion existing in the conventional video. Targeting a generic fast DE framework for interviewpoint prediction, we propose a novel DE technique in this paper to accelerate the disparity search by employing epipolar geometry. Theoretical analysis, optimal disparity vector distribution histograms, and experimental results show that the proposed epipolar geometry-based DE can greatly reduce search region and effectively track large and irregular disparity, which is typical in convergent multiview camera setups. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art fast ME approaches, our proposed DE can obtain a similar coding efficiency while achieving a significant speedup for interviewpoint prediction and coding. Moreover, a robustness study shows that the proposed DE algorithm is insensitive to the epipolar geometry estimation noise. Hence, its wide application for multiview image and video coding is promising
A superconducting single-photon detector for CMOS IC probing (2004)

In this paper, a novel, time-resolved, NbN-based, superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) has been developed for probing CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) using photon emission timing analysis (PETA).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGY ACTIVITY OF 4‐OXO‐4H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)THIENO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES (1981)

Abstract Die Kondensation des Amino‐thiophenesters (I) mit den Nicotinsäurederivaten (II) führt zu den 4‐Oxo‐pyrido[1,2‐a]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidinen (IIIa)‐(IIIC), die in die Derivate (IIId)‐(IIIf) und (V) übergeführt werden.
Immunomodulating and Antimetastatic Activity of 3–(P-Chlorophenyl) Thiazolo[3, 2-A]Benzimidazole-2-Acetic Acid (Wy-18, 251, Nsc 310633) (1980)

The antimetastatic activity of a thiazolobenzimidazole, Wy-18,251 was investigated using various dosage regimens in mice with implanted Lewis lung tumors. The low doses, 1 and 5 mg/kg (i.p.) given 24 hours after implantation with two subsequent doses at 1 week intervals were most effective in reducing lung metastases. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg. In normal rats, peripheral blood lymphocytes determined by rosette assay, were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 to 150 mg/kg of Wy-18,251 and in a more sensitive assay using anti-theta serum the lymphocyte levels were increased by doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg. When cultured T lymphocytes from CBA/J mouse spleens were incubated with a suboptimal concentration of Concanavalin A, [3H]thymidine uptake was significantly increased in the presence of 0.05 to 1.0 microgram per culture. These results suggest that Wy-18,251 may have potential therapeutic value as an antimetastatic agent through its stimulation of the cellular immune system.
An introduction to ratchets in chemistry and biology (2017)

This article describes the functions and mechanisms of particle and electron ratchets, and the interplay between theory and experiment in this field of non-equilibrium transport.
Polymer electrolyte membranes for high‐temperature fuel cells based on aromatic polyethers bearing pyridine units (2009)

Abstract This review is focused on the design and synthesis of new high‐temperature polymer electrolytes based on aromatic polyethers bearing polar pyridine moieties in the main chain. Such materials are designed to be used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating at temperatures higher than 100 °C. New monomers and polymers have been synthesized and characterized within this field in respect of their suitability for this specific application. Copolymers with optimized structures in order to combine excellent film‐forming properties with high mechanical, thermal and oxidative stability and controlled acid uptake have been synthesized which, after doping with phosphoric acid, result in ionically conducting membranes. Such materials have been studied in respect of their conductivity under various conditions and used for the construction of membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) which are used for fuel cells operating at temperatures up to 180 °C. New and improved, in terms of oxidative stability and mechanical properties in the doped state, polymeric membranes have been synthesized and used effectively for MEA construction and single‐cell testing. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Influenza B-Cells Protective Epitope Characterization: A Passkey for the Rational Design of New Broad-Range Anti-Influenza Vaccines (2012)

The emergence of new influenza strains causing pandemics represents a serious threat to human health. From 1918, four influenza pandemics occurred, caused by H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2 subtypes. Moreover, in 1997 a novel influenza avian strain belonging to the H5N1 subtype infected humans. Nowadays, even if its transmission is still circumscribed to avian species, the capability of the virus to infect humans directly from avian reservoirs can result in fatalities. Moreover, the risk that this or novel avian strains could adapt to inter-human transmission, the development of resistance to anti-viral drugs and the lack of an effective prevention are all incumbent problems for the world population. In this scenario, the identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against conserved regions shared among influenza isolates has raised hopes for the development of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy and "universal" anti-influenza vaccines.
A TBP-containing multiprotein complex (TIF-IB) mediates transcription specificity of murine RNA polymerase I (1993)

TIF-IB is a transcription factor which interacts with the mouse ribosomal gene promoter and nucleates the formation of an initiation complex containing RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We have purified this factor to near homogeneity and demonstrate that TIF-IB is a large complex (< 200 kDa) which contains several polypeptides. One of the subunits present in this protein complex is the TATA-binding protein (TBP) as revealed by copurification of TIF-IB activity and TBP over different chromatographic steps including immunoaffinity purification. In addition to TBP, three tightly associated proteins (TAFs-I) with apparent molecular weights of 95, 68, and 48 kDa are contained in this multimeric complex. This subunit composition is similar--but not identical--to the analogous human factor SL1. Depletion of TBP from TIF-IB-containing fractions by immunoprecipitation eliminates TIF-IB activity. Neither TBP alone nor fractions containing other TBP complexes are capable of substituting for TIF-IB activity. Therefore, TIF-IB is a unique complex with Pol I-specific TAFs distinct from other TBP-containing complexes. The identification of TBP as an integral part of the murine rDNA promoter-specific transcription initiation factor extends the previously noted similarity of transcriptional initiation by the three nuclear RNA polymerases and underscores the importance of TAFs in determining promoter specificity.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ANTITUMOR<i>TRANS-R,R-, TRANS-S,S</i>- AND<i>CIS</i>-1,2-DIAMINOCYCLOHEXANE PLATINUM (IV) COMPLEXES (1994)

Abstract A series of isomeric 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (IV) complexes of the type DACH-PtIV-trans(X)2 cis(Y) (where DACH = trans-R,R-, trans-S,S- or cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, X = chloro, bromo, acetato, or trifluoroacetato, and Y = dichloro, dibromo, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato, tartronato, ketomalonato, or methylmalonato) has been synthesized. The isomeric DACH-PtIV-trans(X)2 cis(Y) complexes were prepared by first oxidizing the corresponding DACH-dihaloplatinum(II) or DACH-dicarboxylato-platinum(II) [DACH-PtIIY] with hydrogen peroxide to DACH-PtIV-trans(OH)2Y, and then replacing the axial hydroxo groups with chloro, bromo, or monocarboxylato ligands. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (195Pt{1H}) spectroscopic techniques. Key Words: Platinum1,2-diaminocyclohexaneisomercarboxylatesynthesis
MicroRNA Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Chondrosarcoma Cells (2014)

Systemic treatment options for chondrosarcoma are limited. Antiangiogenic strategies could potentially be effective in limiting tumor progression. One method of inhibiting VEGF expression and associated angiogenesis could be an antagomir-based therapy targeted at miR-181a or other oncogenic microRNAs, although methods of systemic delivery are still under development. The effectiveness of antagomirs also needs to be compared with other antiangiogenic modalities in preclinical models.
New aluminum oxide single crystals for volumetric optical data storage (2003)

Spectroscopic properties of new aluminum oxide crystals for volumetric optical data storage are investigated. Magnesium impurity and double oxygen vacancy defects are responsible for the main optical properties of the new material. Sequential two-photon absorption and ionization of color centers followed by capture of a free electron on a deep trap is a suggested mechanism for writing information. One-photon absorption and non-destructive readout using reconstruction of recorded holograms or a confocal fluorescence detection scheme are proposed.
Information storage at the molecular level - The design of a molecular shift register memory (1989)

The control of electron transfer rates is discussed and a molecular shift register memory at the molecular level is described. The memory elements are made up of molecules which can exist in either an oxidized or reduced state and the bits can be shifted between the cells with photoinduced electron transfer reactions. The device integrates designed molecules onto a VLSI substrate. A control structure to modify the flow of information along a shift register is indicated schematically.
Development of a two‐step chromatography procedure that allows the purification of a high‐purity anti‐histone H1 monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody with immunosuppressant activity (2007)

In organ transplantation, the development of a novel immunosuppressant free of the need for permanent administration and any serious side effects has eagerly been awaited. We have previously reported that an anti-histone H1 polyclonal antibody has immunosuppressant activity. Here we prepared an anti-histone H1 monoclonal antibody as an analytical tool to elucidate its mechanism of immunosuppression. The isotype of this monoclonal antibody was immunoglobulin M. A monoclonal antibody prepared for administration to organ transplantation model animals should not contain any allogenic proteins and should have high purity. Therefore, we conducted a two-step chromatography procedure, consisting of strong anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, to purify an anti-histone H1 monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody from the serum-free culture supernatant of hybridomas. Consequently, we successfully purified the monoclonal antibody at 96%, a purification rate at which its administration to organ transplantation model animals is possible.
Semantic document engineering with WordNet and PageRank (2005)

This paper describes Natural Language Processing techniques for document engineering in combination with graph algorithms and statistical methods. Google's PageRank and similar fast-converging recursive graph algorithms have provided practical means to statically rank vertices of large graphs like the World Wide Web. By combining a fast Java-based PageRank implementation with a Prolog base inferential layer, running on top of an optimized WordNet graph, we describe applications to word sense disambiguation and evaluate their accuracy on standard benchmarks.
(Invited) GaN Homoepitaxial Growth and Substrate-Dependent Effects for Vertical Power Devices (2020)

Raman and photoluminescence mapping are used to sort GaN native substrates into two categories: those with uniform free carrier concentration and those with large variations in carrier concentration. Further characterization after growing 2-5 µm of homoepitaxial GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition shows the variations in the substrate carry into the epitaxial films, as observed with both mapping techniques. This is also supported by low temperature photoluminescence measurements, which show a broadening of the near band edge peak in epitaxy on the inhomogeneous substrates.
A new method to position and functionalize metal-organic framework crystals (2011)

With controlled nanometre-sized pores and surface areas of thousands of square metres per gram, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) may have an integral role in future catalysis, filtration and sensing applications. In general, for MOF-based device fabrication, well-organized or patterned MOF growth is required, and thus conventional synthetic routes are not suitable. Moreover, to expand their applicability, the introduction of additional functionality into MOFs is desirable. Here, we explore the use of nanostructured poly-hydrate zinc phosphate (α-hopeite) microparticles as nucleation seeds for MOFs that simultaneously address all these issues. Affording spatial control of nucleation and significantly accelerating MOF growth, these α-hopeite microparticles are found to act as nucleation agents both in solution and on solid surfaces. In addition, the introduction of functional nanoparticles (metallic, semiconducting, polymeric) into these nucleating seeds translates directly to the fabrication of functional MOFs suitable for molecular size-selective applications.
Experimental studies on learning capabilities of optical associative memory (1990)

The learning capabilities of optical associative memory called the optical associatron are experimentally shown. The experimental system has a simple architecture for optical associative memory; in particular, the system has versatile adaptive learning capabilities implemented with microchannel spatial light modulators. In this paper, various experimental results of learning and recalling processes on the system are shown. Based on the results, the behavior of learning on the optical associative memory is discussed. In addition, a modified method of learning is proposed and verified on the system. A method for implementation of error backpropagation is also proposed.
Time encoding and perfect recovery of bandlimited signals (2004)

A time encoding machine is a real-time asynchronous mechanism for encoding amplitude information into a time sequence. We investigate the operating characteristics of a machine consisting of a feedback loop containing an adder, a linear filter and a Schmitt trigger. We show how to recover, loss-free, the amplitude information of a bandlimited signal from the time sequence.
Ultra High-Speed Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits Using NRD Guide (2004)

Millimeter-waves have attracted much attention for the construction of novel IT (Information Technologies) systems. Several types of millimeter-wave front ends have been developed by using printed transmission lines such as a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, and so forth. Although such printed transmission lines are preferable for application of centimeter frequencies, they suffer from a high level of transmission loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.Another transmission-medium candidate for millimeter-wave integrated circuits is the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD guide), which consists of rectangular-shaped dielectric strips inserted in a below cutoff parallel metal plate waveguide. The NRD guide has great advantages such as no undesired radiation at curved sections and discontinuities as well as low transmission loss inherent in dielectric waveguides. Indeed, high performance millimeter-wave integrated circuits have been developed based on the NRD guide technology. In this paper, as an update, we will present progress in NRD guide technology from the viewpoint of the ultra high-speed performance.
Field emission device with back gated structure (2004)

Analysis and performance optimization of a back-gated field emission device is provided. The device consists of an anode, electron emitting cathodes and gate electrode that are placed below the cathode (“back gate”). The role of a back gate is to control electron emission from the cathode by changing the voltage on the back gate. The top of the cathode is selectively coated with an electron emissive material/structure that presents better emission properties when compared to the material of the cathode. The role of the cathode geometry, back gate voltage, cathode-gate distance, distance between cathode electrodes, the back gate dielectric, as well as field emission characteristics of the emitting material on the top of a cathode were analyzed using continuum electrostatic simulations. The proposed design significantly facilitates fabrication of the field emitting devices while decreasing the amount of charge lost to the gate and potentially reducing the likelihood of catastrophic discharges.
Waste Tire Derived Carbon–Polymer Composite Paper as Pseudocapacitive Electrode with Long Cycle Life (2015)

Recycling hazardous wastes to produce value-added products is becoming essential for the sustainable progress of our society. Herein, highly porous carbon (1625 m(2) g(-1)) is synthesized using waste tires as the precursor and used as a supercapacitor electrode material. The narrow pore-size distribution and high surface area led to good charge storage capacity, especially when used as a three-dimensional nanoscaffold to polymerize polyaniline (PANI). The composite paper was highly flexible, conductive, and exhibited a capacitance of 480 F g(-1) at 1 mV s(-1) with excellent capacitance retention of up to 98% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The high capacitance and long cycle life were ascribed to the short diffusional paths, uniform PANI coating, and tight confinement of the PANI in the inner pores of the tire-derived carbon through π-π interactions, which minimized the degradation of the PANI upon cycling. We anticipate that the same strategy can be applied to deposit other pseudocapacitive materials to achieve even higher electrochemical performance and longer cycle life-a key challenge for redox active polymers.
A noninvasive method for the determination of<i>in vivo</i>mitral valve leaflet strains (2018)

Assessment of mitral valve (MV) function is important in many diagnostic, prognostic, and surgical planning applications for treatment of MV disease. Yet, to date, there are no accepted noninvasive methods for determination of MV leaflet deformation, which is a critical metric of MV function. In this study, we present a novel, completely noninvasive computational method to estimate MV leaflet in-plane strains from clinical-quality real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (rt-3DE) images. The images were first segmented to produce meshed medial-surface leaflet geometries of the open and closed states. To establish material point correspondence between the two states, an image-based morphing pipeline was implemented within a finite element (FE) modeling framework in which MV closure was simulated by pressurizing the open-state geometry, and local corrective loads were applied to enforce the actual MV closed shape. This resulted in a complete map of local systolic leaflet membrane strains, obtained from the final FE mesh configuration. To validate the method, we utilized an extant in vitro database of fiducially labeled MVs, imaged in conditions mimicking both the healthy and diseased states. Our method estimated local anisotropic in vivo strains with less than 10% error and proved to be robust to changes in boundary conditions similar to those observed in ischemic MV disease. Next, we applied our methodology to ovine MVs imaged in vivo with rt-3DE and compared our results to previously published findings of in vivo MV strains in the same type of animal as measured using surgically sutured fiducial marker arrays. In regions encompassed by fiducial markers, we found no significant differences in circumferential(P = 0.240) or radial (P = 0.808) strain estimates between the marker-based measurements and our novel noninvasive method. This method can thus be used for model validation as well as for studies of MV disease and repair.
Abstract 2070: Transmural Strain Gradient of Normal, Hyperemic and Ischemic LV Walls Evaluated by New 2D Speckle Tracking System (2007)

PURPOSE: Currently available 2D echo speckle tracking system can track the endocardial and epicardial echo, but cannot reliably track the speckles from the myocardium. We assessed feasibility of newly developed prototype speckle tracking system in humans with normal, hyperemic and ischemic LV. METHODS: LV short-axis images were obtained by 2D echo (Aplio, TOSHIBA) at rest in 46 normal subjects and 52 patients with clinically diagnosed myocardial infarction (28 with non-Q wave and 24 with Q wave infarction), and during ATP infusion (0.14mg/min/kg) in 21 normals. Using the new system which could track the “myocardial” speckle (Figure ), we measured circumferential strain of the LV endocardium (Endo), mid-wall (Mid) and epicardium (Epi). RESULTS: In normal subjects, circumferential strain showed distinct transmural gradient (p<0.001, ANOVA) (Table ). ATP infusion increased Endo strain (p<0.001) and steepened the gradient. Strain of ischemic region was extremely reduced (p<0.001) in both non-Q and Q wave infarction group and the gradient was hardly recognized in the latter. CONCLUSION: “Myocardial” speckle tracking was feasible and can be used to evaluate the effects of coronary flow on transmural strain gradient. Figure. Speckle tracking of Mid as well as Endo and Epi
Iron–Gold Barcode Nanowires (2007)

Gestreifte Drähte: Multifunktionelle (magnetisch und optisch) Eisen-Gold-Barcode-Nanodrähte wurden elektrochemisch mithilfe nanoporöser Template hergestellt. Die Strukturanalyse durch TEM-Elementlinien-Scan und -Kartieren (siehe Bilder) belegt eindeutig die gut getrennten, bambusartigen Nanostrukturen aus Fe- und Au-Streifen.
High-Brightness White-Light Source Based on Up-Conversion Phosphors (2006)

We report the implementation of a new, high brightness, high efficiency white-light source based on up-conversion phosphors. Up-conversion materials absorb near infrared light and re-emit in red, green, and blue. It is possible to combine these colors to create a white-light source. Such a source has the same appealing characteristics as those reported for up-conversion displays: very high brightness operation without damage to the emitters, long lifetimes, and efficiencies comparable to those of existing technologies. In addition, they offer simplicity of fabrication and a variety of operating modes. Here we demonstrate a 7-lm/W D65 white light emitter yielding 2 kcd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on a simple diffuser