gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common neoplasm and the third most frequent cause of cancer death. Percutaneous ablation has been recommended as the conventional treatment option for patients with early-stage HCC by multiple guidelines. Radiofrequency ablation has obtained wide use worldwide and been deemed as the first-line technique for small HCC. As one of the most recent and exciting advances in the field of thermoablative technology, microwave ablation (MWA) also achieves favorable local tumor control and survival effect with low complications in HCC therapy. The purpose of this chapter is to present the application status of MWA in HCC treatment and to present the results of several multicenter studies of microwave ablation for HCC treatment with relatively large-scale sample and long-term follow-up and newly developed internally cooled electrode.
Collective Deep Quantization for Efficient Cross-Modal Retrieval (2017)

Cross-modal similarity retrieval is a problem about designing a retrieval system that supports querying across content modalities, e.g., using an image to retrieve for texts. This paper presents a compact coding solution for efficient cross-modal retrieval, with a focus on the quantization approach which has already shown the superior performance over the hashing solutions in single-modal similarity retrieval. We propose a collective deep quantization (CDQ) approach, which is the first attempt to introduce quantization in end-to-end deep architecture for cross-modal retrieval. The major contribution lies in jointly learning deep representations and the quantizers for both modalities using carefully-crafted hybrid networks and well-specified loss functions. In addition, our approach simultaneously learns the common quantizer codebook for both modalities through which the cross-modal correlation can be substantially enhanced. CDQ enables efficient and effective cross-modal retrieval using inner product distance computed based on the common codebook with fast distance table lookup. Extensive experiments show that CDQ yields state of the art cross-modal retrieval results on standard benchmarks.
Topic Extraction and Extension to Support Concept Mapping (2003)

Successful knowledge management may depend not only on knowledge capture, but on knowledge construction---on formulating new and useful knowledge that was not previously available. Electronic concept mapping tools are a promising method for supporting knowledge capture and construction, but users may find it difficult to determine the right knowledge to include. Consequently, knowledge-based methods for suggesting relevant information are desirable for supporting the knowledge modeling process. We are developing methods to aid concept mapping by suggesting relevant information to compare, contrast, and possibly include in knowledge models represented as concept maps. This paper presents two specific methods we are developing for this task, both of which automatically identify topics related to a concept map in order to guide the retrieval of related information. The first, DISCERNER, automatically organizes concept map libraries into a hierarchical structure of topic categories and subcategories that are used as indices for efficient access to relevant stored concept maps. The second, EXTENDER, characterizes the topics of concept maps under construction, applies clustering techniques to the resulting information, and performs incremental web-mining for new but related, topics.
Design and Optimization of Flexible and Coding Efficient All-Digital RF Transmitters (2012)

All-digital transmitters are getting increased attention due to its closer proximity to the ideal software-defined radio (SDR) transmitter. In this paper we propose a new transmitter architecture that addresses two key limitations of current approaches, namely, the poor coding efficiency and the high quality factor requirements of the RF output reconstruction filter that significantly limit the practical usability and dissemination of these new flexible RF transmitters. The proposed architecture combines a maximum coding efficiency of 79.3% and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 50 dB, while maintaining the high flexibility inherent to the all-digital transmitters and where the RF output carriers operating in the microwave frequency range are generated inside a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The obtained results also show the feasibility and potential of using FPGA-based architectures for implementing digital RF transmitters.
A Comparison of Trajectory Compression Algorithms Over AIS Data (2021)

Today’s industry is flooded with tracking data originating from vessels across the globe that transmit their position at frequent intervals. These voluminous and high-speed streams of data has led researchers to develop novel ways to compress them in order to speed-up processing without losing valuable information. To this end, several algorithms have been developed that try to compress streams of vessel tracking data without compromising their spatio-temporal and kinematic features. In this paper, we present a wide range of several well-known trajectory compression algorithms and evaluate their performance on data originating from vessel trajectories. Trajectory compression algorithms included in this research are suitable for either historical data (offline compression) or real-time data streams (online compression). The performance evaluation is three-fold and each algorithm is evaluated in terms of compression ratio, execution speed and information loss. Experiments demonstrated that each algorithm has its own benefits and limitations and that the choice of a suitable compression algorithm is application-dependent. Finally, considering all assessed aspects, the Dead-Reckoning algorithm not only presented the best performance, but it also works over streaming data, which constitutes an important criterion in maritime surveillance.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Patients With Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia and Adenomas (2009)

Focal liver lesions found in patients with GSD-Ia have similar patterns on CEUS compared with incidental adenomas. Global or partial hypoenhancement observed in the late phase did not indicate a transition to hepatocellular carcinoma but may have been related to ischemia.
DNA excision repair profiles of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes: functional analysis at the single-cell level. (1997)

Recent evidence has linked cellular DNA repair capacity to the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating agents. Using single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet assay"), we have analyzed the induction and differential processing of DNA damage in human lymphocytes derived from healthy donors and from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) after exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vitro. The extent of comet formation in lymphocytes after N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea exposure appears to depend predominantly on the processing of DNA repair intermediates, because strand breaks in plasmid DNA were not induced by ethylation before the addition of nuclear proteins. Although the initial level of a specific alkylation product (O6-ethylguanine) in nuclear DNA was uniform, different dose-response curves were obtained for the comet size in individual cell samples immediately after exposure, with small intercellular variation. The individual kinetics of DNA repair varied significantly between specimens derived from both healthy individuals and CLL patients; for the DNA repair half-time (t1/2), large difference was found. Pretreatment of cells with methoxyamine as a DNA repair modifier blocking the base excision repair pathway revealed a quite similar extent of base excision repair-independent DNA incision in almost all normal lymphocyte samples. In contrast, this portion varied relatively and absolutely to a great extent among individual samples of CLL lymphocytes, suggesting a loss of stringent control of DNA repair processes in these cells. The comet assay can thus be used to gain information about interindividual variation in the efficiency of different DNA repair processes in small samples of normal cells and their malignant counterparts.
Venovenous bypass with a membrane lung to support bilateral lung lavage. (1984)

Partial venovenous cardiopulmonary bypass with a membrane oxygenator was used to exchange respiratory gases during and after bilateral lung lavage in a patient with severe hypoxemia caused by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The patient was unable to tolerate an attempt at lung lavage without bypass. Therefore, extracorporeal perfusion safely supported the patient's respiration for 32 hours, buying time to lavage each lung separately and to enable sufficient recovery of transpulmonary gas exchanging capacity.
The role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in impotence (1997)

Penile erection is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and its second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The activity of cGMP is modulated by the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE). The most important physiological isoform of the enzyme in the penis is PDE5. Sildenafil is a specific inhibitor of this enzyme which potentiates nitrergic cavernosal relaxation in vitro and in animals. Clinical studies suggest that it is effective in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MED), which would make it the first orally active therapy for this condition.
Development of a new wound dressing with antimicrobial delivery capability (1994)

A bilaminar wound dressing composed of an outer membrane and an inner three-dimensional matrix of a fabric or a sponge may be considered to constitute an ideal structure that promotes wound healing: the outer membrane prevents body fluid loss, controls water evaporation, and protects the wound surface from bacterial invasion, and the inner matrix encourages adherence by tissue growth into the matrix. Using this concept, we developed a biosynthetic wound dressing with a drug delivery capability. This medicated wound dressing is composed of a spongy sheet of a chitosane derivative and collagen mixture that is laminated to an antimicrobial-impregnated polyurethane membrane. In this study, a gentamycin sulfate-impregnated wound dressing was prepared and evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of this wound dressing was examined on an agar plate seeded with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, the cytotoxicity of an antimicrobial released from this wound dressing was examined in an in vitro system with cultured skin substitutes. Both in vitro tests have shown that this wound dressing is capable of suppressing bacterial growth and minimizing cellular damage. In addition, in the treatment of wounds inflicted on rats and rabbits, this wound dressing was shown to be efficacious in covering full-thickness and split-thickness skin defects. Finally, the efficacy of this wound dressing was evaluated in a nonrandomized open-label study of 31 clinical cases. In 31 cases treated with this wound dressing, good or excellent wound healing was achieved.
A combined application of lossless and lossy compression in ECG processing and transmission via GSM-based SMS (2014)

This paper presents a software-based scheme for reliable and robust Electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression and its efficient transmission using Second Generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based Short Message Service (SMS). To achieve a firm lossless compression in high standard deviating QRS complex regions and an acceptable lossy compression in the rest of the signal, two different algorithms have been used. The combined compression module is such that it outputs only American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters and, hence, SMS service is found to be most suitable for transmitting the compressed signal. At the receiving end, the ECG signal is reconstructed using just the reverse algorithm. The module has been tested to all the 12 leads of different types of ECG signals (healthy and abnormal) collected from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The compression algorithm achieves an average compression ratio of ∼22.51, without any major alteration of clinical morphology.
The Selective Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma Modulator CHS‐131 Improves Liver Histopathology and Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2020)

CHS-131 is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator with antidiabetic effects and less fluid retention and weight gain compared to thiazolidinediones in phase II clinical trials. We investigated the effects of CHS-131 on metabolic parameters and liver histopathology in a diet-induced obese (DIO) and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Male C57BL/6JRj mice were fed the amylin liver NASH diet (40% fat with trans-fat, 20% fructose, and 2% cholesterol). After 36 weeks, only animals with biopsy-confirmed steatosis and fibrosis were included and stratified into treatment groups (n = 12-13) to receive for the next 12 weeks (1) low-dose CHS-131 (10 mg/kg), (2) high-dose CHS-131 (30 mg/kg), or (3) vehicle. Metabolic parameters, liver pathology, metabolomics/lipidomics, markers of liver function and liver, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue gene expression profiles were assessed. CHS-131 did not affect body weight, fat mass, lean mass, water mass, or food intake in DIO-NASH mice with fibrosis. CHS-131 improved fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity as assessed by the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. CHS-131 improved total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and increased plasma adiponectin levels. CHS-131 (high dose) improved liver histology and markers of hepatic fibrosis. DIO-NASH mice treated with CHS-131 demonstrated a hepatic shift to diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols with a lower number of carbons, increased expression of genes stimulating fatty acid oxidation and browning, and decreased expression of genes promoting fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride synthesis, and inflammation in adipose tissue. <i>Conclusion:</i> CHS-131 improves liver histology in a DIO and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH by altering the hepatic lipidome, reducing insulin resistance, and improving lipid metabolism and inflammation in adipose tissue.
Unexpected CEP290 mRNA Splicing in a Humanized Knock-In Mouse Model for Leber Congenital Amaurosis (2013)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of retinal dystrophy with an onset in the first year of life. The most frequent genetic cause of LCA, accounting for up to 15% of all LCA cases in Europe and North-America, is a mutation (c.2991+1655AG) in intron 26 of CEP290. This mutation generates a cryptic splice donor site resulting in the insertion of an aberrant exon (exon X) containing a premature stop codon to CEP290 mRNA. In order to study the pathophysiology of the intronic CEP290 mutation, we generated two humanized knock-in mouse models each carrying ~6.3 kb of the human CEP290 gene, either with or without the intronic mutation. Transcriptional characterization of these mouse models revealed an unexpected splice pattern of CEP290 mRNA, especially in the retina. In both models, a new cryptic exon (coined exon Y) was identified in ~5 to 12% of all Cep290 transcripts. This exon Y was expressed in all murine tissues analyzed but not detected in human retina or fibroblasts of LCA patients. In addition, exon x that is characteristic of LCA in humans, was expressed at only very low levels in the retina of the LCA mouse model. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses did not reveal any differences between the two transgenic models and wild-type mice. Together, our results show clear differences in the recognition of splice sites between mice and humans, and emphasize that care is warranted when generating animal models for human genetic diseases caused by splice mutations.
Clonal Progression of Prostate Cancers from Gleason Grade 3 to Grade 4 (2012)

Low-grade prostate cancers (Gleason pattern 3, G3) detected on needle biopsies are generally viewed as indolent and suitable for conservative management with only interval repeat biopsies to monitor by watchful waiting. Higher grade tumors eventually emerge in 20% to 30% of these cases, but this process may only reflect incomplete sampling on the initial biopsy, such that it remains unknown whether G3 tumors generally progress to higher grades. In this study, we examined a series of adjacent G3 and Gleason pattern 4 (G4) tumors in radical prostatectomy specimens and found that all were concordant for the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Using hybrid-capture and deep sequencing in four fusion-positive cases, we found that adjacent laser-capture microdissected G3 and G4 tumors had identical TMPRSS2:ERG fusion breakpoints, confirming their clonal origin. Two of these G3 tumors had deletion of a single PTEN gene that was also deleted in the adjacent G4, while the G4 tumors in two cases had additional PTEN losses. These findings establish that a subset of G3 tumors progress to G4 or emerge from a common precursor. Further, they show that G3 tumors that progress to G4 may have molecular features distinguishing them from G3 tumors that do not progress. Thus, determining the spectrum of these genetic or epigenetic features may allow for the identification of G3 tumors on needle biopsies that are truly indolent versus those that have the potential to progress or that may already be associated with a G4 tumor that was not sampled at the initial biopsy, therefore, requiring more aggressive surveillance or intervention.
Design aspects for 5G V2X physical layer (2016)

Next generation 5G communication systems will need to employ a range of diverse technologies in order to support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases, ultimately leading to accident-free, cooperative autonomous vehicles that use the available roadway efficiently. V2X is considered as one of the most challenging applications of 5G, as it requires ultra-reliable and low-latency communication for safety-critical use cases and has to provide high data rates in many scenarios. This paper discusses design aspects for the radio access in 5G V2X. Selected key technologies and their integration towards future 5G V2X physical layer are addressed. We discuss channel modeling in the context of 5G V2X use cases and we present first results for frame structure and numerology design, coexistence with earlier systems, multi-link synchronization, and multi-antenna transmission techniques.
Beneficial effect of a hydrogen sulphide donor (sodium sulphide) in an ovine model of burn‐ and smoke‐induced acute lung injury (2009)

Parenteral administration of the H(2)S donor ameliorated the pulmonary pathophysiological changes associated with burn- and smoke-induced acute lung injury. Based on the effect of H(2)S observed in this clinically relevant model of disease, we propose that treatment with H(2)S or its donors may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in managing patients with acute lung injury.
Binaural speaker localization and separation based on a joint ITD/ILD model and head movement tracking (2016)

In this paper we present a novel algorithm to localize and separate simultaneous speakers using hearing aids when the head is subject to rotational movement. Most of the algorithms used in hearing aids are able to extract target signals that are in the look direction of the user and suffer from a reduced performance in localizing sounds received from other directions. Moreover, head-shadowing as well as variations like head movements may lead to significant distortions. The proposed binaural GSC beamformer includes an MMSE-based localization algorithm using an ITD/ILD model and is controlled by an inertial measurement unit. The localization algorithm can effectively localize multiple speakers in the presence of reverberation. The estimated source locations are used to adapt the GSC beamformer which extracts the desired speaker. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the new system and especially the benefits of ILD information.
The pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant tianeptine and its main metabolite in healthy humans – influence of alcohol co‐administration (1990)

A balanced 3 way cross-over study involving 12 young healthy volunteers (6 men and 6 women) was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the antidepressant tianeptine following a single dose administered by oral and intravenous route. The influence of alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of tianeptine when given per os was also investigated. Kinetic parameters of metabolite MC5, the C5 side chain beta-oxidation product of tianeptine, were simultaneously determined. Following intravenous administration total clearance and volume of distribution of tianeptine were 230 +/- 59 ml.min-1 and 0.47 +/- 0.14 l.kg-1 respectively. When given orally, tianeptine was absorbed rapidly (tmax = 0.94 +/- 0.47 h). The mean systemic availability was estimated to be 99 +/- 29%. Tianeptine was eliminated from plasma with a half-life of 2.5 +/- 1.1 h, mainly via extrarenal route since its renal clearance averaged 0.38 +/- 0.47 ml.min-1. Plasma levels of metabolite MC5 were lower than those of the parent drug but decreased with a longer half-life (7.2 +/- 5.7 h). Alcohol co-administration decreased tianeptine absorption rate and lowered tianeptine plasma levels by about 30% but did not affect those of the MC5 metabolite.
An Imaging Algorithm for a Lunar Orbit Interferometer Array (2018)

Abstract Radio astronomical observations below 30 MHz are hampered by the refraction and absorption of the ionosphere as well as the radio frequency interference (RFI), and thus, high angular resolution sky intensity map is not yet available. An interferometer array on lunar orbit provides a perfect observatory in this frequency band: it is out of the ionosphere, and the Moon helps to block the RFIs from the Earth. The satellites can make observations on the far side of the Moon and then send back the data on the near-side part of the orbit. However, for such arrays, the traditional imaging algorithm is not applicable: the field of view is very wide (almost whole-sky), and for baselines distributed on a plane, there is a mirror symmetry between the two sides of the plane. A further complication is that for each baseline, the Moon blocks part of the sky, but as the satellites orbit the Moon, both the direction of the baseline and the blocked sky change, so even imaging algorithms that can deal with a noncoplanar baseline may not work in this case. Here, we present an imaging algorithm based on solving the linear mapping equations relating the sky intensity to the visibilities. We show that the mirror symmetry can be broken by the three-dimensional baseline distribution generated naturally by the precession of the orbital plane of the satellites. The algorithm is applicable and good maps can be reconstructed, even though the sky blocking by the Moon is different for each baseline. We also investigate how the map-making is affected by inhomogeneous baseline distributions.