gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-Modified, Epitaxial Fabricated Graphene on SiC for the Electrochemical Detection of TNT (2016)

Using square wave voltammetry, we show an increase in the electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) with a working electrode constructed from plasma modified graphene on a SiC surface vs. unmodified graphene. The graphene surface was chemically modified using electron beam generated plasmas produced in oxygen or nitrogen containing backgrounds to introduce oxygen or nitrogen moieties. The use of this chemical modification route enabled enhancement of the electrochemical signal for TNT, with the oxygen treatment showing a more pronounced detection than the nitrogen treatment. For graphene modified with oxygen, the electrochemical response to TNT can be fit to a two-site Langmuir isotherm suggesting different sites on the graphene surface with different affinities for TNT. We estimate a limit of detection for TNT equal to 20 ppb based on the analytical standard S/N ratio of 3. In addition, this approach to sensor fabrication is inherently a high-throughput, high-volume process amenable to industrial applications. High quality epitaxial graphene is easily grown over large area SiC substrates, while plasma processing is a rapid approach to large area substrate processing. This combination facilitates low cost, mass production of sensors.
Ester derivatives of 2,6-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-benzamidophenol as short-acting antiarrhythmic agents. 1 (1989)

In an effort to find a replacement for the iv antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine having reduced systemic and central nervous system effects, activity against supraventricular as well as ventricular arrhythmias, and a biological half-life of less than 15 min, derivatives of the orally active class Ic clinical agent 2,6-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-benzamidophenol, 1 (ACC-9358), were synthesized and tested. Compounds with ester groups attached to the phenyl ring were either weakly active or toxic. Replacement of the formanilide function with alkyl esters afforded compounds with antiarrhythmic activity in the range of 1. When the ester carboxyl was separated from the bis(aminomethyl)phenol by methylene units, very short half-lives were observed in human blood. In general, these compounds also had low lipophilic character.
A new concept of power control in cellular systems reflecting challenges of today's systems (2002)

When the systems evolved from analog to digital, the performance was improved by the use of power control on the one hand and different modulations and coding schemes on the other. Condensing the available information we are able to propose a new concept of power control. The concept is applicable to real systems, since it uses the available measurements for estimating parameters necessary for the power control. It also supports the use of an adequate quality measure together with a quality specification supplied by the operator. We use frequency hopping GSM as an example and the resulting control algorithm is ready for implementation in the software in the base stations where the output powers are computed. No modifications are needed in the GSM standard, the mobile terminals, the radio interfaces or in the base station transmitters. Finally we provide simulation results confirming the benefits of using the new concept for power control.
Extended Phase-Matching of High-Order Harmonics Driven by Mid-Infrared Light (2008)

We demonstrate that increasing the wavelength of the driving pulse in high harmonic generation significantly increases the photon energies for which the process is truly phase matched, suggesting a promising path for producing bright X-rays.
Transgenic animals: new approaches to hypertension research. (1990)

We have shown that it is possible to generate transgenic rats efficiently, allowing direct experimentation in this species, without first testing constructs in the mouse. Having developed the technology for producing transgenic rats, we now hope to generate new and precise models of hypertension and to test candidate genes that may be responsible for the phenotype in existing animal models. The potential to choose between the rat and the mouse for these studies will allow much greater flexibility in experimental design. Many molecular questions are more appropriately addressed in the mouse but questions concerning physiology and development of the cardiovascular system are more appropriately addressed in the rat. With a large number of genes relevant to cardiovascular research now available, transgenic technology will become increasingly important in the future, and even more so if homologous recombination becomes feasible in the rat. The transgenic rat therefore heralds an exciting new dimension in hypertension research.
Analysis of Nonaqueous Electrowetting Fluids for Displays (2011)

Water remains the most extensively studied electrowetting fluid, but few reports exist on nonaqueous conducting solvents. Reported herein is a complete analysis of alternate fluids for electrowetting devices and displays. Emphasis is provided on real-world testing parameters, including contact angle response and immiscibility with oil, environmental range, interfacial tension, ionic content and influence on dielectric reliability, compatibility with additives such as soluble dyes or particle dispersions, and cross-diffusion of fluids or solutes. Out of 16 preselected fluids, six exhibited electrowetting performance comparable to the best aqueous:surfactant solutions. Use of the nonaqueous fluids in advanced display devices is also demonstrated.
Synthesis of Tetraphenyl-Substituted [12]Cycloparaphenylene: Toward a Rationally Designed Ultrashort Carbon Nanotube (2012)

The first phenyl-substituted [n]cycloparaphenylene (1) has been synthesized. The preparation of this structure addresses several challenges toward a more elaborate phenyl-substituted [n]cycloparaphenylene (2), a molecule that may lead to the homogeneous synthesis of armchair carbon nanotubes.
Intrinsically Low Brillouin Gain Fibers (How Low Can You Go?) (2013)

Described herein is a set of optical fibers that possess intrinsically low Brillouin gain. Proper compositional tailoring of the material comprising the fiber, whether crystalline or glassy, can substantially suppress, or even remove, Brillouin scattering.
In vitro EVALUATION OF PHOTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF FOUR STRUCTURALLY RELATED BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES (1990)

Four structural analogs of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) have been studied and compared for photosensitizing activity in vitro. All analogs have an identical reduced tetrapyrrol porphyrin ring, and differ by the position of a cyclohexadiene ring (fused at either ring A or ring B of the porphyrin) and the presence of either two acid groups or one acid and one ester group at rings C and D of the porphyrin. Photosensitizer activity was tested with the M1 tumor cell line using an assay (the MTT assay) which detects mitochondrial hydrogenases as a measure of cell viability. This assay was shown to be equivalent to the standard clonogenicity or [3H]thymidine uptake assay. Comparative studies with the BPD analogs showed that the monoacid derivatives had equivalent cytotoxicity and were about five-fold more active than the diacid forms. This was the case whether the assays were performed in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum.
Hierarchical private/shared classification: The key to simple and efficient coherence for clustered cache hierarchies (2015)

Hierarchical clustered cache designs are becoming an appealing alternative for multicores. Grouping cores and their caches in clusters reduces network congestion by localizing traffic among several hierarchical levels, potentially enabling much higher scalability. While such architectures can be formed recursively by replicating a base design pattern, keeping the whole hierarchy coherent requires more effort and consideration. The reason is that, in hierarchical coherence, even basic operations must be recursive. As a consequence, intermediate-level caches behave both as directories and as leaf caches. This leads to an explosion of states, protocol-races, and protocol complexity. While there have been previous efforts to extend directory-based coherence to hierarchical designs their increased complexity and verification cost is a serious impediment to their adoption. We aim to address these concerns by encapsulating all hierarchical complexity in a simple function: that of determining when a data block is shared entirely within a cluster (sub-tree of the hierarchy) and is private from the outside. This allows us to eliminate complex recursive operations that span the hierarchy and instead employ simple coherence mechanisms such as self-invalidation and write-through - now restricted to operate within the cluster where a data block is shared. We examine two inclusivity options and discuss the relation of our approach to the recently proposed Hierarchical-Race-Free (HRF) memory models. Finally, comparisons to a hierarchical directory-based MOESI, VIPS-M, and TokenCMP protocols show that, despite its simplicity our approach results in competitive performance and decreased network traffic.
Characteristics of bowl-shaped coils for transcranial magnetic stimulation (2015)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently been used as a method for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Daily TMS sessions can provide continuous therapeutic effectiveness, and the installation of TMS systems at patients' homes has been proposed. A figure-eight coil, which is normally used for TMS therapy, induces a highly localized electric field; however, it is challenging to achieve accurate coil positioning above the targeted brain area using this coil. In this paper, a bowl-shaped coil for stimulating a localized but wider area of the brain is proposed. The coil's electromagnetic characteristics were analyzed using finite element methods, and the analysis showed that the bowl-shaped coil induced electric fields in a wider area of the brain model than a figure-eight coil. The expanded distribution of the electric field led to greater robustness of the coil to the coil-positioning error. To improve the efficiency of the coil, the relationship between individual coil design parameters and the resulting coil characteristics was numerically analyzed. It was concluded that lengthening the outer spherical radius and narrowing the width of the coil were effective methods for obtaining a more effective and more uniform distribution of the electric field.
The effect of L-carnitine additions on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing swine (1992)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary carnitine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing swine. The trial was designed to investigate the response of pigs fed carnitine from weaning to market vs control pigs receiving no carnitine. In addition, the performance of these pigs was compared to that of pigs fed carnitine only during the starter or finishing phases. The trial was broken down into the following four phases: 1) phase I (0 to 14 d post weaning) 2) phase II (14 to 35 d post weaning) 3) grower (d 35 to 135 lb), and 4) finisher (135 to 230 lb). One hundred and twenty-eight pigs averaging 11.40 lb were used in the first two phases to investigate the effects of added carnitine on the performance of the early weaned pig. This also assisted in finding the proper carnitine administration period to elicit optimum growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing-finshing pigs. During phases I and II, one half of the pigs received a high nutrient density diet (HNDD) containing 1000 and 500 ppm, respectively, of carnitine; the other half received a HNDD with no added carnitine. These HNDD were formulated to contain 1.45% and 1.25% lysine, respectively. Pigs were allotted to pens on the basis of weight and sex, with each pen being randomly assigned to treatment. There was a total of 32 pens each containing four barrows or four gilts per pen. During phase I, pigs consuming the diet with carnitine were more efficient and had slightly higher daily gains. Nevertheless, during phase II, pigs receiving no carnitine had higher daily gains. Over the frrst 35 d of the trial, pigs offered no carnitine had higher daily gains and daily feed consumptions but were slightly less efficient. After the first two phases, pigs were reallotted within treatments on the basis of weight resulting in one of the following carnitine treatments: 1) feeding carnitine from weaning to market (15 to 230 lbs); (C/C) 2) carnitine during phases I and II only (C/N), 3) carnitine during growing-finishing only (N/C), and 4) no added carnitine (N/N). A total of 95 pigs (three pigs/pen) were used to provide eight replicates/treatment (four replicates/sex). Grower diets contained .85% lysine, and as pigs approached 135 lb, the lysine content was reduced to .75%. Carnitine was supplemented in the growing-finishing diets (N/C and C/C) at 25 ppm. During the growing-fmishing phase,
Isolated Regions in Video Coding (2004)

Different types of prediction are applied in modern video coding. While predictive coding improves compression efficiency, the propagation of transmission errors becomes more likely. In addition, predictive coding brings difficulties to other aspects of video coding, including random access, parallel processing, and scalability. In order to combat the negative effects, video coding schemes introduce mechanisms such as slices and intracoding, to limit and break the prediction. This paper proposes the use of the isolated regions coding tool that jointly limits in-picture prediction and interprediction on a region-of-interest basis. The tool can be used to provide random access points from non-intrapictures and to respond to intrapicture update requests. Furthermore, it can be applied as an error-robust macroblock mode decision method and can be used in combination with unequal error protection. Finally, it enables mixing of scenes, which is useful in coding of masked scene transitions.
A simple second-order toroid microphone (1985)

A second-order gradient microphone with a toroidal directional characteristic is described. The microphone consists of four commercially available, inexpensive first-order-gradient electret microphones which are arranged in the wall of a hollow cylinder at 90° angular spacings and whose outputs are added. The toroidal microphone shows a directional characteristic which is relatively frequency independent. It is characterized by rotational symmetry around the cylinder axis and by a cosine-squared dependence in the plane containing the rotational axis. In the direction of the axis, the sensitivity at midfrequencies is typically 20 dB lower than in the equatorial plane. The equalized frequency response in this plane is within ± 3 dB from 0.3–3 kHz, with a 1-kHz sensitivity of about − 60 dBV/Pa. The noise level of the microphone, measured in the frequency band 0.3–10 kHz, is − 120 dB re: 1 V, corresponding to an equivalent sound-pressure level of 34 dB.
Microbial Nanowires: A New Paradigm for Biological Electron Transfer and Bioelectronics (2012)

The discovery that Geobacter sulfurreducens can produce protein filaments with metallic-like conductivity, known as microbial nanowires, that facilitate long-range electron transport is a paradigm shift in biological electron transfer and has important implications for biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, and the emerging field of bioelectronics. Although filaments in a wide diversity of microorganisms have been called microbial nanowires, the type IV pili of G. sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens are the only filaments that have been shown to be required for extracellular electron transport to extracellular electron acceptors or for conduction of electrons through biofilms. Studies of G. sulfurreducens pili preparations and intact biofilms under physiologically relevant conditions have provided multiple lines of evidence for metallic-like conduction along the length of pili and for the possibility of pili networks to confer high conductivity within biofilms. This mechanism of electron conduction contrasts with the previously known mechanism for biological electron transfer via electron tunneling or hopping between closely associated molecules, a strategy unlikely to be well adapted for long-range electron transport outside the cell. In addition to promoting electron exchange with abiotic electron acceptors, microbial nanowires have recently been shown to be involved in direct interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic partners. An improved understanding of the mechanisms for metallic-like conductivity in microbial nanowires, as well as engineering microorganisms with desirable catalytic abilities with nanowires, could lead to new applications in microbial electrosynthesis and bioelectronics.
Sparse Interference Pre-Cancellation for FTN-OQAM Systems (2016)

International audience
Therapy/imaging array-based system and technology for intense ultrasound surgery (2004)

Minimally invasive, miniature (2.2- × 50-mm aperture, 3.3-mm diameter) dual-mode linear arrays have been developed into low-cost disposable probes with high acoustic power output (120 W/cm2 at the source), high transmit efficiency (&gt;65% typical), and good imaging performance (50% fractional bandwidth, &gt;100-mm-deep field of view). These therapy/imaging probes have been integrated into a flexible intense ultrasound surgery platform which also includes conventional diagnostic imaging probes. A system architecture has been developed which includes a 64-channel therapy driver with software selection of array aperture and phasing (λ/16), frequency (0.5–8 MHz), drive amplitude (5 W/channel, nominal), rotational steering (±180 deg), and temporal sequencing/switching of imaging/therapy/monitoring modes. System software includes graphical and text-based script mode control of therapeutic treatment. Real-time monitoring of electric power per channel, temperature sensors, and thermal effects provide a range of feedback and safety. Numerous system and probe technological issues such as electrical interconnect and matching, acoustic coupling, thermal control, and maintaining probe efficiency have been addressed. The array-based imaging/therapy system has produced encouraging results in preclinical studies of bulk tissue ablation and imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Surfactants Based on Analogues of SP‐B and SP‐C (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>A</i><i>naplasma phagocytophilum</i>surface protein AipA mediates invasion of mammalian host cells (2014)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and animals, is a tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacterium that mediates its own uptake into neutrophils and non-phagocytic cells. Invasins of obligate intracellular pathogens are attractive targets for protecting against or curing infection because blocking the internalization step prevents survival of these organisms. The complement of A. phagocytophilum invasins is incompletely defined. Here, we report the significance of a novel A. phagocytophilum invasion protein, AipA. A. phagocytophilum induced aipA expression during transmission feeding of infected ticks on mice. The bacterium upregulated aipA transcription when it transitioned from its non-infectious reticulate cell morphotype to its infectious dense-cored morphotype during infection of HL-60 cells. AipA localized to the bacterial surface and was expressed during in vivo infection. Of the AipA regions predicted to be surface-exposed, only residues 1 to 87 (AipA1-87 ) were found to be essential for host cell invasion. Recombinant AipA1-87 protein bound to and competitively inhibited A. phagocytophilum infection of mammalian cells. Antiserum specific for AipA1-87 , but not other AipA regions, antagonized infection. Additional blocking experiments using peptide-specific antisera narrowed down the AipA invasion domain to residues 9 to 21. An antisera combination targeting AipA1-87 together with two other A. phagocytophilum invasins, OmpA and Asp14, nearly abolished infection of host cells. This study identifies AipA as an A. phagocytophilum surface protein that is critical for infection, demarcates its invasion domain, and establishes a rationale for targeting multiple invasins to protect against granulocytic anaplasmosis.
Local metric learning for tag recommendation in social networks (2011)

We address the problem of tag recommendation for media objects, like images, videos, etc in social media sharing systems. We propose a framework that 1) extracts both object features and the social context and 2) uses them to learn recommendation rules. The social context is described by different types of information, such as a user's personal objects, the objects of a user's social contacts, the importance of the user in the social network, etc. Both object features and the social context are first used to guide the k-nearest neighbour method for the tag recommendation. We then enhance the method by the local topology adjustment on how the nearest neighbours are selected. We learn a local transformation of the feature space surrounding a given object which pushes together objects with the same tags and puts apart objects with different tags. We show how to learn the Mahalanobis distance metric on multi-tag objects and adopt it to the tag recommendation problem.
Restless legs syndrome improved by pramipexole (1999)

Pramipexole is the most potent therapeutic agent ever tested for RLS. Measures of both sensory and motor functions returned to normal values after treatment. Moreover, these results further support the hypothesis that D3 receptors play a major role in the physiopathology of this condition.
In-Water Electroshock Techniques to Repel Aquatic Mammals and Birds (1995)

Nonlethal electroshocking devices have been developed at the Denver Wildlife Research Center for repelling aquatic mammals and birds from selected areas. These devices are augmented with infrared motion sensors to turn on the apparatus only when warm-blooded animals are present, thereby conserving electrical energy and allowing battery operation. Electronic safety controls are incorporated to prevent animals from being over-exposed or repeatedly exposed to the electrical fields. The technical basis for this equipment is based upon research originally reported in the electrofishing literature. Obviously, any animal immersed in water is highly susceptible to electrical shock, but permanent injury can be avoided by controlling the intensity of the electrical energy. As the intensity of the electrical field is increased, the severity of the electrical shock experienced by an animal is known to progress through several stages including mild initiation, extreme agitation, electronarcosis (an unconscious state), tetany (characterized by muscular rigidity), and death. Fortunately, with proper engineering, in-water electroshocking apparatus can be designed to limit the degree of electrical shock to the desired threshold. Additionally, controlled studies with fish provide evidence that there is a predictable relationship between the intensity of the electrical shock and the magnitude of the electrical power transferred from the water into the fish. By applying this electrical model and measuring the electrical conductivity of the water, it should be possible to predict the level of electrical power density required in the water to elicit a particular electroshock response.