gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous-wave operation of a diode-pumped rotating Nd:glass disk laser (1991)

A diode-laser end-pumped cw rotating Nd:glass disk laser that operates in the TEM(00) mode with a slope efficiency of 37% has been demonstrated to have an output power dependent on both the pumping rate and the rotation rate. As the rotation rate increases, the power increases from zero to an optimum and thereafter decreases. The initial increase is due to the lessening of the effect of medium heating on laser operation, while the decrease is due to decreased laser gain caused by sweeping of the excited-state population out of the laser cavity. At the optimum rotation rate of 2.5 Hz we obtained a cw output power of 0.55 W with 2 W of absorbed pump power; the output power was limited by the available pump power as opposed to thermal damage or thermo-optic distortion.
PPG-based heart rate estimation using Wiener filter, phase vocoder and Viterbi decoding (2017)

Accurate heart rate (HR) estimation from the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal during intensive physical exercises is tackled in this paper. Wiener filters are designed to attenuate the influence of motion artifacts. The phase vocoder is used to improve the initial Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based frequency estimation. Additionally, Viterbi decoding is used as a novel post-processing step to find the path through time-frequency state-space plane. The system performance is assessed on a publically available dataset of 23 PPG recordings. The resulting algorithm is designed for scenarios that do not require online HR monitoring (swimming, offline fitness statistics). The resultant system with an error rate of 1.31 beats per minute outperforms all other systems reported to-date in literature and in contrast to existing alternatives requires no parameter to tune at the post-processing stage and operates at a much lower computational cost. The Matlab implementation is provided online.
Corticosteroid-induced central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders (2002)

The potentially deleterious effects of corticosteroids, favoring CSC, are well-known. They should be borne in mind when an unexpected clinical and angiographic evolution compatible with CSC develops in an uveitis patient treated with corticosteroids.
New horizons of DNA adductome for exploring environmental causes of cancer (2020)

Chemical carcinogenesis is focused on the formation of DNA adducts, a form of DNA damage caused by covalent binding of a chemical moiety to DNA. The detection of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human tissues, along with demonstration of mutagenicity/carcinogenicity in experimental systems, and validation of adducts as biomarkers of environmental exposure and indicators of cancer risk in molecular epidemiological studies suggests a pivotal role of DNA adducts in cancer development. However, accurate measurement of DNA adducts in varied biological samples is challenging. Advances in mass spectrometry have prompted the development of DNA adductome analysis, an emerging method that simultaneously screens for multiple DNA adducts and provides relevant structural information. In this review, we summarize the basic principle and applications of DNA adductome analysis that would contribute to the elucidation of the environmental causes of cancer. Based on parallel developments in several fields, including next-generation sequencing, we describe a new approach used to explore cancer etiology, which integrates analyses of DNA adductome data and mutational signatures derived from whole-genome/exome sequencing.
Variational Inference for Text Generation: Improving the Posterior (2020)

Learning useful representations of data is a crucial task in machine learning with wide ranging applications. In this thesis we explore improving representations of models based on variational inference by improving the posterior. We explore two approaches towards this goal: 1) auxiliary losses to regularize the latent space and enforcing desired properties and 2) normalizing flows to develop more flexible posteriors to be used during variational inference.\n\nWe propose a proximity based loss function that helps in disentanglement by regularizing the latent space based on similarity according to a criterion. We evaluate our model on a task of disentangling semantics and syntax in sentences and empirically show that our model successfully manages to learn independent subspaces that learn semantics and syntax respectively. We compare our model to existing approaches using automated metrics and human evaluation to show that our model is competitive.\n\nWe also explore the effectiveness of normalizing flows for representation learning and generative modeling. We perform experiments that empirically show that variational inference with normalizing flows beats standard approaches based on simple posteriors across various metrics in text generation and language modeling. We also propose a variant of planar normalizing flows called block planar normalizing flows for use in disentanglement tasks. We perform ablation experiments to empirically show that our proposed block planar flows help in improving disentanglement.
A Real-World Benchmark Model for Testing Concurrent Real-Time Systems in the Automotive Domain (2011)

In this paper we present a model for automotive system tests of functionality related to turn indicator lights. The model covers the complete functionality available in Mercedes Benz vehicles, comprising turn indication, varieties of emergency flashing, crash flashing, theft flashing and open/close flashing, as well as configuration-dependent variants. It is represented in UML2 and associated with a synchronous real-time systems semantics conforming to Harel’s original Statecharts interpretation. We describe the underlying methodological concepts of the tool used for automated model-based test generation, which was developed by Verified Systems International GmbH in cooperation with Daimler and the University of Bremen. A test suite is described as initial reference for future competing solutions. The model is made available in several file formats, so that it can be loaded into existing CASE tools or test generators. It has been originally developed and applied by Daimler for automatically deriving test cases, concrete test data and test procedures executing these test cases in Daimler’s hardware-in-the-loop system testing environment. In 2011 Daimler decided to allow publication of this model with the objective to serve as a ”real-world” benchmark supporting research of model based testing.
IDSaaS: Intrusion Detection System as a Service in Public Clouds (2012)

Abstract- In a public cloud computing environment, consumers cannot always just depend on the cloud provider’s security infrastructure. They may need to monitor and protect their virtual existence by implementing their own intrusion detection capabilities along with other security technologies within the cloud fabric. Intrusion Detection as a Service (IDSaaS) targets security of the infrastructure level for a public cloud (IaaS) by providing intrusion detection technology that is highly elastic, portable and fully controlled by the cloud consumer. A prototype of IDSaaS is described.
Monitoring Steam Sterilization of Surgical Instruments: a Dilemma (1981)

The study of two biological indicators in monitoring "flash" sterilization demonstrated that indicator construction often leads to a false interpretation of spore survival.
The Laminar Pattern of Connections between Prefrontal and Anterior Temporal Cortices in the Rhesus Monkey is Related to Cortical Structure and Function (2000)

The laminar pattern of axonal termination from prefrontal (caudal orbitofrontal, rostral orbitofrontal and lateral areas) to anterior temporal areas (entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex and area TE) and from temporal to prefrontal areas was investigated with the aid of anterograde tracers. Both regions are characterized by structural heterogeneity, and include agranular, dysgranular and granular cortical types, denoting, respectively, the absence, incipience and presence of granular layer 4. In addition, both the prefrontal and anterior temporal cortices are composed of areas that have related though specialized functions. The pattern of cortical axonal termination was associated with both the structural type of the cortex of origin and the structure of the destination cortex. Thus, efferent fibers from a single origin in either prefrontal or anterior temporal cortex terminated in different patterns depending on their target area. Conversely, axons terminated in different patterns in a single target area, prefrontal or anterior temporal, depending on their area of origin. Projections from agranular or dysgranular type cortices (e.g. medial temporal areas and caudal orbitofrontal areas) terminated mostly in the upper layers of granular cortices (e.g. area TE and lateral prefrontal areas), and projections from granular cortices terminated mostly in the deep layers of agranular or dys- granular cortices. A robust projection from dysgranular orbitofrontal areas terminated in the deep layers of the agranular entorhinal cortex. Projections from prefrontal areas to area TE terminated in the upper layers, and may facilitate focused attention on behaviorally relevant stimuli processed through reciprocal pathways between prefrontal and temporal cortices.
28.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : A Novel Non‐Emissive Display with Enormous Contrast Ratio and Viewing‐Angle Free (2011)

Abstract We have developed a transmissive type of electrowetting display driven by passive matrix. The novel display shows high image quality because it provides high contrast ratio 60,000:1 at display normal direction and wide viewing angle character (CR 20,000 at±70 degree). As the display has a memory characteristic, it also exhibits a feature of low power consumption.
Vascular System Defects and Impaired Cell Chemokinesis as a Result of Gα <sub>13</sub> Deficiency (1997)

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) participate in cellular signaling and regulate a variety of physiological processes. Disruption of the gene encoding the G protein subunit alpha13 (Galpha13) in mice impaired the ability of endothelial cells to develop into an organized vascular system, resulting in intrauterine death. In addition, Galpha13 (-/-) embryonic fibroblasts showed greatly impaired migratory responses to thrombin. These results demonstrate that Galpha13 participates in the regulation of cell movement in response to specific ligands, as well as in developmental angiogenesis.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylates recombinant human tau protein at serine‐262 in the presence of heparin (or tubulin) (1995)

Tau protein, the major component of the aberrant structures termed paired helical filaments (PHFs) present in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, is pathologically phosphorylated in sites in and around the tubulin-binding sites. A single protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK 3), is able to phosphorylate tau at the flanking regions and, additionally, at the tubulin-binding motifs if heparin or tubulin is present. Serines-262 and -324 have been found to be modified at the tubulin-binding region of tau protein by GSK 3 in the presence of heparin or tubulin.
Microfluidic active mixers employing ultra-high aspect-ratio rare-earth magnetic nano-composite polymer artificial cilia (2013)

We present a new micromixer based on highly magnetic, flexible, high aspect-ratio, artificial cilia that are fabricated as individual micromixer elements or in arrays for improved mixing performance. These new cilia enable high efficiency, fast mixing in a microchamber, and are controlled by small electromagnetic fields. The artificial cilia are fabricated using a new micromolding process for nano-composite polymers. Cilia fibers with aspect-ratios as high as 8:0.13 demonstrate the fabrication technique's capability in creating ultra-high aspect-ratio microstructures. Cilia, which are realized in polydimethylsiloxane doped with rare-earth magnetic powder, are magnetized to produce permanent magnetic structures with bidirectional deflection capabilities, making them highly suitable as mixers controlled by electromagnetic fields. Due to the high magnetization level of the polarized nano-composite polymer, we are able to use miniature electromagnets providing relatively small magnetic fields of 1.1 to 7 mT to actuate the cilia microstructures over a very wide motion range. Mixing performances of a single cilium, as well as different arrays of multiple cilia ranging from 2 to 8 per reaction chamber, are characterized and compared with passive diffusion mixing performance. The mixer cilia are actuated at different amplitudes and frequencies to optimize mixing performance. We demonstrate that more than 85% of the total volume of the reaction chamber is fully mixed after 3.5 min using a single cilium mixer at 7 mT compared with only 20% of the total volume mixed with passive diffusion. The time to achieve over 85% mixing is further reduced to 70 s using an array of eight cilia microstructures. The novel microfabrication technique and use of rare-earth permanently-magnetizable nano-composite polymers in mixer applications has not been reported elsewhere by other researchers. We further demonstrate improved mixing over other cilia micromixers as enabled by the high aspect-ratio, high flexibility, and magnetic properties of our cilia micromixer elements.
Fabrication and characterization of Parylene C-caulked PDMS for low-permeable microfluidics (2011)

This paper proposed a simple and effective fabrication method of Parylene C-caulked PDMS (pcPDMS) for low-permeability required microfluidics applications. Parylene C was deposited into PDMS to caulk the permeable sites and then the over-deposited Parylene C on top of PDMS surface was etched off by oxygen plasma. A buffered hydro-fluoride acid treatment was adopted to recover the over-oxygen-plasma-treated PDMS surface for the following pcPDMS-pcPDMS bonding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the Parylene C caulked status in the PDMS matrix. Dynamic diffusions of Rhodamine B inside the native PDMS and the pcPDMS were experimentally compared. The preliminary results indicated that the proposed pcPDMS can dramatically suppress the diffusion of small molecules into the PDMS matrix, making it suitable for corresponding microfluidics applications.
Equity and the Origins of Renaissance Historicism: The Case for Erasmus (1993)

In his effort to fashion a Christian prince in the Institutio principis Christiani, Erasmus, always the pedagogue, considers not only what the young ruler should read but how he should read it-that is, according to what interpretive method. The principal text on this reading list is the Bible, which, depending on the specific passage in question, bears reading in one of two ways: either allegorically or in the particularized light of a different time and place, what Erasmus refers to here as pro ratione temporis -after the standards of the time. While Erasmus does not on this occasion explain the similarities and differences between these two methods, elsewhere in his writings he elaborates upon their proper use and, especially in the case of allegory, their excesses. This essay, however, undertakes to explore only one of these two methods: interpretation pro ratione temporis, or what I have called Erasmian historicism. More precisely, I intend to show that, on the one hand, Erasmus distances this method from a rigid literalism that attends only to the words themselves, while, on the other hand, he identifies it repeatedly with the legal and rhetorical concept of equity. By doing so, he forges a method of interpretation that sets out to accomplish two seemingly contradictory tasks: it aims not only to preserve the original meaning of a text (as allegorical interpretation, according to its critics, fails to do) but also to accommodate a continually changing community of interpreters (as allegorical interpretation characteristically does). To fashion such a method, Erasmus looks back to the ancient rhetorical tradition, and more particularly, to its strategies of forensic debate. In keeping with these agonistic origins, moreover, Erasmian historicism serves as a powerful instrument of dissent.
Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Current Insights (2006)

Molecular epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis (TB) have focused largely on utilizing molecular techniques to address short- and long-term epidemiologic questions, such as in outbreak investigations and in assessing the global dissemination of strains, respectively. This is done primarily by examining the extent of genetic diversity of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When molecular methods are used in conjunction with classical epidemiology, their utility for TB control has been realized. For instance, molecular epidemiologic studies have added much-needed accuracy and precision in describing transmission dynamics, and they have facilitated investigation of previously unresolved issues, such as estimates of recent-versus-reactive disease and the extent of exogenous reinfection. In addition, there is mounting evidence to suggest that specific strains of M. tuberculosis belonging to discrete phylogenetic clusters (lineages) may differ in virulence, pathogenesis, and epidemiologic characteristics, all of which may significantly impact TB control and vaccine development strategies. Here, we review the current methods, concepts, and applications of molecular approaches used to better understand the epidemiology of TB.
A Rank-Based Approach to Active Diagnosis (2013)

The problem of active diagnosis arises in several applications such as disease diagnosis and fault diagnosis in computer networks, where the goal is to rapidly identify the binary states of a set of objects (e.g., faulty or working) by sequentially selecting, and observing, potentially noisy responses to binary valued queries. Previous work in this area chooses queries sequentially based on Information gain, and the object states are inferred by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. In this work, rather than MAP estimation, we aim to rank objects according to their posterior fault probability. We propose a greedy algorithm to choose queries sequentially by maximizing the area under the ROC curve associated with the ranked list. The proposed algorithm overcomes limitations of existing work. When multiple faults may be present, the proposed algorithm does not rely on belief propagation, making it feasible for large scale networks with little loss in performance. When a single fault is present, the proposed algorithm can be implemented without knowledge of the underlying query noise distribution, making it robust to any misspecification of these noise parameters. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm through experiments on computer networks, a toxic chemical database, and synthetic datasets.
Dynamic Updates of Existing Java Applications Ph.D. Dissertation (2006)

ii iii This dissertation is about allowing existing applications to be updated while running. By com-bining research results from the areas of software updates, dynamic systems, and manipulating with existing applications, we have built a system that allows to dynamically update ordinary Java applications that were not prepared for updates from the outset. Our solution is based on the idea of partitioning the applications into smaller pieces, called partitions that can be replaced at run-time as a whole. Partitions are flexible update units that are defined after the initial development of the application. Such flexibility allows to form partitions that represent application’s design modules, modules that often change, or single classes that may be updated individually. Partitions include the necessary information to reason about correctness of dynamic updates before updates are actually performed. To demonstrate viability of our ideas, we have developed a prototype of a partitioning tool that partitions Java applications and injects dynamic update functionality into them. A partitioned
A Relay-Assisted Handover Technique with Network Coding over Multihop Cellular Networks (2007)

A relay-assisted handover technique exploiting network coding for multihop cellular networks is described. In the scheme, each MS (mobile station) in the outer region receives data related to the home cell from the home BS (base station) as well as a coded version of data related to a neighboring BS from a relay node located in the cell boundary via the use of network coding. Thus, MSs can achieve more reliable macro diversity with the assistance of the relay-based handover technique. In a simulation, it is demonstrated that this technique is very effective in maintaining QoS (quality of service) in terms of outage probability over a multi-cell environment
Reflections of the 'Burning mirrors of Archimedes'. With a consideration of the geometry and intensity of sunlight reflected from plane mirrors (1992)

The tradition that Archimedes destroyed the Roman fleet at the siege of Syracuse in 213 BC by the application of directed solar radiant heat is examined by assessing the area of reflective surface that would be required to concentrate sufficient energy to ignite wood at a distance of 50 m. This calculation necessitated an initial investigation of the way in which sunlight is reflected by a plane mirror when the divergence induced by the real angular diameter of the Sun is taken into account. It is established that the patch of reflected sunlight is always greater in size than the mirror, and so (apart from reflection loss) must always be of less intensity than the incident radiation. This patch becomes essentially circular when the equivalent 'f number' of the system is >or=500. Its diameter is then given by 0.009* separation between mirror and receiving surface, with the intensity controlled by the area of the mirror. As a result of this divergence, the reflectivity of bronze mirrors, and the angles involved, it is concluded that the combined effort of some 440 men, each wielding a 1 m2 metal mirror, would only just begin to ignite a 1*0.5 m area of a wooden hull at a distance of 50 m. This is such a poor use of manpower and resources that it is concluded this classic story is no more than a myth. Nevertheless it appears that a much smaller minor corps-say 50 men- could inflict severe burns upon selected enemy personnel.
Carrier glass substrates for fan-out wafer/panel level packaging (2017)

Inorganic glass is promising material for carrier substrate of fan-out WLP and PLP process due to its stiffness, optical transparency, heat resistance and flatness. In addition, adjustability and flexibility of coefficient of thermal expansion is exceptionally useful to suppress warpage after molding process. In this paper, technical features of glass will be described.