gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of tunnel junction-based ultra-violet light emitting diodes (2019)

Abstract AlGaN-based UV LEDs are promising for a wide range of industrial, household and healthcare applications. However, widespread adoption of UV LEDs is limited by the poor device efficiency. This has been attributed to the strong internal light absorption and poor electrical injection efficiency associated with the conventional UV LED structures, which typically use an absorbing p-GaN layer for p-type contact. Recent development of ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN tunnel junctions enabled a novel UV LED design with the absence of the absorbing p-GaN contact layer. In this work, we review the recent progress of AlGaN tunnel junctions and the development of tunnel junction-based UV LEDs, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives for the realization of high power, high efficiency UV LEDs.
SmartWig (2012)

We have developed a unique wearable wig-based computing device. Our device looks natural and enhances users' activities and appearance. Previous wearable computing research has mainly focused on how to provide effective computational functions for users. However, the researchers have not taken appearance into account, so users who wear them usually looks strange when in public. Thus, these devices have not been used practically. To make wearable computing look more practical, we believe appearance is one of the most important elements, so we enhanced both function and appearance to create a practical wearable computing device. Wigs have several advantages. For instance, they have enough space to put wearable sensors inside them and head area is very sensitive even to weak feedback. Also, wig technology has developed to the point where wigs can look very similar to real hair. In this paper, we describe our computational wig, focusing on the implementation and applications.
Doping of wide-bandgap titanium-dioxide nanotubes: optical, electronic and magnetic properties (2014)

Doping semiconductors is an important step for their technological application. While doping bulk semiconductors can be easily achieved, incorporating dopants in semiconductor nanostructures has proven difficult. Here, we report a facile synthesis method for doping titanium-dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes that was enabled by a new electrochemical cell design. A variety of optical, electronic and magnetic dopants were incorporated into the hollow nanotubes, and from detailed studies it is shown that the doping level can be easily tuned from low to heavily-doped semiconductors. Using desired dopants - electronic (p- or n-doped), optical (ultraviolet bandgap to infrared absorption in co-doped nanotubes), and magnetic (from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic) properties can be tailored, and these technologically important nanotubes can be useful for a variety of applications in photovoltaics, display technologies, photocatalysis, and spintronic applications.
Metabolic engineering of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> for increased polyhydroxyalkanoate production from lignin (2019)

Microbial conversion offers a promising strategy for overcoming the intrinsic heterogeneity of the plant biopolymer, lignin. Soil microbes that natively harbour aromatic-catabolic pathways are natural choices for chassis strains, and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has emerged as a viable whole-cell biocatalyst for funnelling lignin-derived compounds to value-added products, including its native carbon storage product, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA). In this work, a series of metabolic engineering targets to improve mcl-PHA production are combined in the P. putida chromosome and evaluated in strains growing in a model aromatic compound, p-coumaric acid, and in lignin streams. Specifically, the PHA depolymerase gene phaZ was knocked out, and the genes involved in β-oxidation (fadBA1 and fadBA2) were deleted. Additionally, to increase carbon flux into mcl-PHA biosynthesis, phaG, alkK, phaC1 and phaC2 were overexpressed. The best performing strain - which contains all the genetic modifications detailed above - demonstrated a 53% and 200% increase in mcl-PHA titre (g l<sup>-1</sup> ) and a 20% and 100% increase in yield (g mcl-PHA per g cell dry weight) from p-coumaric acid and lignin, respectively, compared with the wild type strain. Overall, these results present a promising strain to be employed in further process development for enhancing mcl-PHA production from aromatic compounds and lignin.
Ribosome-Mediated Incorporation of Dipeptides and Dipeptide Analogues into Proteins in Vitro (2015)

Plasmids containing 23S rRNA randomized at positions 2057-2063 and 2502-2507 were introduced into Escherichia coli, affording a library of clones which produced modified ribosomes in addition to the pre-existing wild-type ribosomes. These clones were screened with a derivative of puromycin, a natural product which acts as an analogue of the 3'-end of aminoacyl-tRNA and terminates protein synthesis by accepting the growing polypeptide chain, thereby killing bacterial cells. The puromycin derivative in this study contained the dipeptide p-methoxyphenylalanylglycine, implying the ability of the modified ribosomes in clones sensitive to this puromycin analogue to recognize dipeptides. Several clones inhibited by the puromycin derivative were used to make S-30 preparations, and some of these were shown to support the incorporation of dipeptides into proteins. The four incorporated species included two dipeptides (Gly-Phe (2) and Phe-Gly (3)), as well as a thiolated dipeptide analogue (4) and a fluorescent oxazole (5) having amine and carboxyl groups approximately the same distance apart as in a normal dipeptide. A protein containing both thiolated dipeptide 4 and a 7-methoxycoumarin fluorophore was found to undergo fluorescence quenching. Introduction of the oxazole fluorophore 5 into dihydrofolate reductase or green fluorescent protein resulted in quite strong enhancement of its fluorescence emission, and the basis for this enhancement was studied. The aggregate results demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating dipeptides as a single ribosomal event, and illustrate the lack of recognition of the central peptide bond in the dipeptide, potentially enabling the incorporation of a broad variety of structural analogues.
An analysis of side readouts of monolithic scintillation crystals (2016)

1950 Objectives We have analyzed the potential spatial and energy resolution of side readouts of monolithic scintillator crystals. Methods Monolithic scintillation crystals are conventionally read out with an array of photomultipliers arranged on the crystal face. We consider an alternative arrangement where the photon sensors are attached on the 4 edges of the scintillation crystal. We have performed Monte-Carlo simulations to trace scintillation-photon transport inside the detector crystal and find that when there is air or another low-index of refraction material at the faces, most of the scintillation light is transported to the side surfaces by total internal reflection (TIR). The Mean Detector Response Function (MDRF) was generated by performing transport simulations originating at a regular grid of gamma-ray interaction locations. We can simulate an event by sampling from the MDRFs and applying Poisson noise, and then estimate the interaction position and deposited energy by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation.
By finding the light distribution on the scintillation crystal sides as a function of gamma-ray interaction location, and the crystal9s side length/thickness ratio, index of refraction, light yield and transparency, we can optimize the arrangement of light sensors along the edges by analyzing each configuration9s Fisher information Results Our preliminary results suggest that it is feasible to recover position and energy estimates with this detector geometry. We find that the spatial resolution varies across the detector area, with the lowest resolution at the center of the scintillation crystal. The spatial resolution (FWHM) is proportional to the side length of the scintillation crystal. The spatial resolution close to the sides are very sensitive to the number, size, and location of the photon sensors. With a scintillation crystal with a refractive index of 1.82, the total number of scintillation photons transported to the detector sides is 83.7% and independent of crystal thickness. Conclusions The feasibility of this novel side-readout detector is considered. The detector design can be optimized to reduce the total number of photon sensors without greatly affecting its spatial resolution. The high percentage of scintillation photons transported to the side surfaces indicates that energy resolution may be better than can be achieved with conventional modular cameras.
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Delta-Sigma FDC Enhancements for FDC-Based Digital Fractional-<i>N</i> PLLs (2020)

This paper describes all-digital enhancements for digital fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) based on delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency-to-digital converters (FDCs). The enhancements include an improved dual-mode ring oscillator (DMRO)-based ΔΣ FDC architecture and a digital background calibration technique that compensates for the ΔΣ FDC's forward path gain error. The improved ΔΣ FDC has significantly relaxed timing constraints and a 3× smaller phase-frequency detector output pulse-width span relative to the prior art, which make it simpler to implement and amenable to higher-frequency reference signals. The calibration technique compensates for non-ideal DMRO frequencies in the digital domain. It eliminates the need to tune the DMRO instantaneous frequencies as a function of the PLL output frequency, thereby simplifying the DMRO implementation, and it also improves the phase noise performance of PLLs with high loop bandwidths.
Inhibitory Cardiac Transcription Factor, SRF-N, Is Generated by Caspase 3 Cleavage in Human Heart Failure and Attenuated by Ventricular Unloading (2003)

Caspase 3 activation in heart failure sequentially cleaved SRF and generated a dominant-negative transcription factor, which may explain the depression of cardiac-specific genes. Moreover, caspase 3 activation may be reversible in the failing heart with ventricular unloading.
Efficient Feedback Design for MIMO SC-FDMA Systems (2007)

An efficient feedback design for single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems is described. We consider a codebook-based approach for MIMO pre-coding and quantization of feedback information. Differential processing is used to generate the updates iteratively for the feedback information between feedback instances. An approach of combined differential and non-differential feedback is considered for reduced feedback overhead and improved performance. A differential feedback with periodic error reset for differential processing is described. The performance of MIMO communication systems using pre-coding/transmit beamforming and the described feedback design is evaluated for SC-FDMA systems. The effects of pre-coding and feedback quantization, sub-carrier grouped feedback and feedback delay are investigated.
Long-Range Periodic Nanostructures in Bulk Fused Silica Produced by Femtosecond Laser Dielectric Modification (2005)

Polarization dependent periodic nanostuctures consisting of long-range arrayed planes of modification are created in fused silica through femtosecond laser irradiation. The periodicity is revealed by ultrahigh spatial resolution chemical etching combined with atomic force microscopy.
Induction of scratching behaviour in cats: efficacy of synthetic feline interdigital semiochemical (2013)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of synthetic feline interdigital semiochemical (FIS) on the induction of scratching behaviour in cats during a standardised behavioural test. The trial was a randomised blinded study on a single group of subjects, following a crossover design. The scratching behaviour of 19 cats was evaluated during a standardised test in which cats were introduced to an area with one scratching post. Each cat acted as its own control (receiving, at random, FIS then placebo or vice versa). The test lasted for 5 mins, after which the cat was left alone in the test area. Duration, frequency of scratching and latency of first scratching behaviour were noted. Two independent observers analysed the videos. Thirty-eight tests were recorded with a different scratching post each time (two tests per cat). The scratching post with the semiochemical was more scratched in duration and frequency by the cats involved in the study (intention to treat analysis). The same conclusion was found using per-protocol analysis, which included only cats that scratched during the test. Regarding latency, no significant difference was found between treatment and placebo. The results seem of interest in explaining the role of a FIS in inducing scratching behaviour on a scratching post. The semiochemical approach can modify the choice of areas selected spontaneously by cats, and could be used either as a preventive measure for a cat arriving at home or to control or change an inappropriate scratching behaviour.
Stimulation of Microbial <i>para</i>-Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls That Have Persisted in Housatonic River Sediment for Decades (1996)

We added 2,5,3‘,4‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl (25-34-CB) (350 μM) to slurries of Aroclor 1260-contaminated sediment from Woods Pond (Lenox, MA) in an attempt to stimulate dechlorination of the PCBs. The slurries were incubated under methanogenic conditions at 23−25 °C and analyzed by GC/ECD and GC/MS. The 25-34-CB was stoichiometrically converted to 25-3-CB and stimulated a selective para-dechlorination, which we designate Process P, that decreased the penta- through heptachlorobiphenyls containing 2,3,4- (234-), 245-, or 2345-chlorophenyl groups by up to 83% in 12 weeks. The products were tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls containing 23-, 25-, and 235-chlorophenyl groups, especially 25-25-CB, 23-25-CB, 24-25-CB, 235-25-CB, and 235-23-CB. Mass balances for key parent congeners and their dechlorination products ranged from 80 to 115%. No dechlorination was detected in autoclaved controls or in live controls that were not amended with 25-34-CB. We propose that the 25-34-CB selectively enriched a population of PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms that can use it as an electron acceptor and thus “primed” the PCB dechlorination. This research demonstrates for the first time a successful strategy for stimulating rapid microbial dechlorination of PCBs that have persisted in sediments for decades and lays a foundation for the development of in situ methods for bioremediation of PCBs.
Efficient Processing of Laser Speckle Contrast Images (2008)

Though laser speckle contrast imaging enables the measurement of scattering particle dynamics with high temporal resolution, the subsequent processing has previously been much slower. In prior studies, generating a laser speckle contrast image required about 1 s to process a raw image potentially collected in 10 ms or less. In this paper, novel algorithms are described which are demonstrated to convert 291 raw images per second to laser speckle contrast images and as many as 410 laser speckle contrast images per second to relative correlation time images. As long as image processing occurs during image acquisition, these algorithms render processing time irrelevant in most circumstances and enable real-time imaging of blood flow dynamics.
Enzymatic production of L-phenylalanine through transaminase reaction. (1991)

To develop an enzymatic process for L-phenylalanine production through transaminase reaction, we selected from our bacterial culture collection a Citrobacter freuindii strain as an excellent producer of the enzyme. The cells of this bacterium rapidly and efficiently formed L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvic acid and an amino donor amino acid. With L-glutamic acid as the amino donor, L-phenylalanine production reached 30 mg/ml in 1 h and 89 mg/ml in 24 h incubation. The conversion yield to form L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvic acid was 50 to 80%. With L-aspartic acid as amino donor, the rate of L-phenylalanine production is lower (i.e. 8 mg/ml in 1 h and 30 mg/ml in 4 h) but the conversion yield was much higher (80 to 100%). With L-aspartic acid as the amino donor, oxalacetic acid, a putative reaction product, appeared in small amounts. Instead, a much larger amount of pyruvic acid, a well-known decarboxylation product of oxalacetic acid, appeared. From these facts it was concluded that the reaction, which should be reversible, inclines almost completely toward L-phenylalanine formation when L-aspartic acid is used as the amino donor, because oxalacetic acid (the reaction product and also the substrate for the reverse reaction) is eliminated through decarboxylation to form pyruvic acid and other metabolites. The Citrobacter strain had a high aspartase activity to form L-aspartic acid from fumaric acid and ammonia. Coupling the two activities of the transaminase and the aspartase, an enzymatic process for L-phenylalanine production from phenylpyruvic acid and ammonium fumarate was established.
Visible Free Electron Laser Oscillator. (1987)

Abstract : The first visible linac free-electron-laser (FEL) oscillator has been operated above threshold at the wavelength of 526 nm with and without a taper. Peak output power of 170KW with a macropulse average power of 1.1 watts was observed. The cavity dielectric mirrors were damaged at approximately 140KW sq cm of average power in the presents of UV from the FEL harmonics. The gain and efficiency were much less than predicted due to developed wiggler field errors.
Molecular aspects of methicillin resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1994)

All clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates examined so far contain the mecA gene, a 2130bp stretch of DNA of non-staphylococcal origin which, together with a larger block (up to 40-60 Kb) of 'foreign' DNA, is incorporated into the staphylococcal chromosome. mecA encodes for the 78 Kd penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2A, which has very low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. The sequence of the mecA gene contains structural motifs characteristic of cell wall synthetic transpeptidases. It is generally assumed that the mecA gene product (PBP 2A) acts as a surrogate enzyme which takes over the task of cell wall synthesis from the normal complement of staphylococcal PBPs, since the latter are inhibited by relatively low (e.g. methicillin) concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics. While direct biochemical evidence for a transpeptidase activity in PBP 2A is still missing, the essentiality of an intact mecA gene for the expression of high-level methicillin resistance has been clearly established by transposon inactivation experiments. On the other hand, it was already noted some time ago that an intact mecA and its gene product PBP 2A alone cannot be fully in control of the resistant phenotype, since all MRSA isolates, irrespective of their MIC values (from as low as 3 mg/L or as high as 1600 mg/L), were found to contain comparable amounts of PBP 2A. Such major disparities between cellular amounts of PBP 2A and the antibiotic MIC values suggested that a factor or factors of unknown nature ('factor X') other than the mecA gene product also played an essential role in the phenotypic expression of resistance. The same conclusion was reached in early genetic studies in which methicillin resistance could be reduced by insertional inactivation of a chromosomal site (omega 2003) within the so-called femA gene--(factor essential for the expression of methicillin resistance) outside the mecA determinant. More recently, several additional chromosomal sites were identified outside the mecA gene in which transposon inactivation reduced the level of beta-lactam resistance. The importance of these genes becomes clear if one realizes that it is the appropriate functioning of these determinants (in the genetic background of MRSA) rather than the quantity of PBP 2A in the cells that seems to determine the MIC value of an MRSA isolate. It is not clear at the present time how many such 'auxiliary genes' exist and exactly how these gene co-operate with the mecA gene in bringing about high-level beta-lactam resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Infrastructure-free NLoS Obstacle Detection for Autonomous Cars (2019)

Current perception systems mostly require direct line of sight to anticipate and ultimately prevent potential collisions at intersections with other road users. We present a fully integrated autonomous system capable of detecting shadows or weak illumination changes on the ground caused by a dynamic obstacle in NLoS scenarios. This additional virtual sensor “ShadowCam” extends the signal range utilized so far by computer-vision ADASs. We show that (1) our algorithm maintains the mean classification accuracy of around 70% even when it doesn't rely on infrastructure - such as AprilTags - as an image registration method. We validate (2) in real-world experiments that our autonomous car driving in night time conditions detects a hidden approaching car earlier with our virtual sensor than with the front facing 2-D LiDAR.
Cross-protective and cross-reactive immune responses to recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing full-length lyssavirus glycoprotein genes (2007)

Lyssaviruses cause acute, progressive encephalitis in mammals. Current rabies vaccines offer protection against the lyssaviruses, with the notable exceptions of Mokola virus (MOKV), Lagos bat virus (LBV) and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV). Here we describe the cross-protective and cross-reactive immune responses induced by experimental recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the glycoprotein genes of rabies virus (RABV), MOKV and WCBV, either singly or in dual combinations. Constructs expressing a single glycoprotein gene protected mice against lethal intracranial challenge with homologous virus. Similarly, recombinants expressing glycoprotein genes from two different lyssaviruses offered mice protection against both homologous viruses. VNAb induced by vaccines that included a MOKV glycoprotein gene cross-neutralized LBV, but not WCBV. We concluded that a single recombinant poxvirus-vectored vaccine including MOKV and RABV glycoprotein genes, should be a major addition to available rabies biologics and should offer broad protection against all of the lyssaviruses, except WCBV.
Spine Fusion Using Cell Matrix Composites Enriched in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells (2003)

Bone marrow-derived cells including osteoblastic progenitors can be concentrated rapidly from bone marrow aspirates using the surface of selected implantable matrices for selective cell attachment. Concentration of cells in this way to produce an enriched cellular composite graft improves graft efficacy. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the biologic milieu of a bone marrow clot will significantly improve the efficacy of such a graft. An established posterior spinal fusion model and cancellous bone matrix was used to compare an enriched cellular composite bone graft alone, bone matrix plus bone marrow clot, and an enriched bone matrix composite graft plus bone marrow clot. Union score, quantitative computed tomography, and mechanical testing were used to define outcome. The union score for the enriched bone matrix plus bone marrow clot composite was superior to the enriched bone matrix alone and the bone matrix plus bone marrow clot. The enriched bone matrix plus bone marrow clot composite also was superior to the enriched bone matrix alone in fusion volume and in fusion area. These data confirm that the addition of a bone marrow clot to an enriched cell-matrix composite graft results in significant improvement in graft performance. Enriched composite grafts prepared using this strategy provide a rapid, simple, safe, and inexpensive method for intraoperative concentration and delivery of bone marrow-derived cells and connective tissue progenitors that may improve the outcome of bone grafting.