gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dual Functional Layer for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and the Growth of Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes (2013)

We present a versatile method for fabricating nanopatterned polymer brushes using a cross-linked thin film made from a random copolymer consisting of an inimer (p-(2-bromoisobutyloylmethyl)styrene), styrene, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The amount of inimer was held constant at 20 or 30% while the relative amount of styrene to GMA was varied to induce perpendicular domain orientation in an overlying P(S-b-MMA) block copolymer (BCP) film for lamellar and cylindrical morphologies. A cylinder forming BCP blend with PMMA homopolymer was assembled to create a perpendicular hexagonal array of cylinders, which allowed access to a nanoporous template without the loss of initiator functionality. Surface-initiated ATRP of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was conducted through the pores to generate a dense array of nanopatterned brushes. Alternatively, gold was deposited into the nanopores, and brushes were grown around the dots after removal of the template. This is the first example of combining the chemistry of nonpreferential surfaces with surface-initiated growth of polymer chains.
Control Over the Pressure Sensitivity of Bragg Grating-Based Sensors in Highly Birefringent Microstructured Optical Fibers (2012)

We present fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based hydrostatic pressure sensing with highly birefringent microstructured optical fibers. Since small deformations of the microstructure can have a large influence on the material birefringence and pressure sensitivity of the fiber, we have evaluated two microstructured fibers that were made from comparable fiber preforms, but fabricated using different temperature and pressure conditions. The magnitude and sign of the pressure sensitivity are found to be different for both fibers. We have simulated the corresponding change of the Bragg peak separation with finite-element models and experimentally verified our results. We achieve very high experimental sensitivities of -15 and 33 pm/MPa for both sensors. To our knowledge, these are the highest sensitivities ever reported for birefringent FBG-based hydrostatic pressure sensing.
Development of a Prototype Immunohistochemistry Assay to Measure Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression in Tumor Tissue (2016)

- The immunohistochemistry assay using the anti-PD-L1 antibody 22C3 merits further investigation in clinical trials and prevalence assessments to further understand the prognostic and predictive value of PD-L1 expression in cancer.
N- and C-Terminal Modifications of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Generate Highly Potent NOP Receptor Ligands (2005)

Previous structure-activity studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) identified [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) and [Nphe(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) as a N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP) partial agonist and pure antagonist, respectively. The addition of fluorine to the Phe(4) or the insertion of a further pair of basic amino acids Arg(14)-Lys(15) generate potent agonists. On the basis of these findings, we combined in the N/OFQ-NH(2) template the chemical modifications Arg(14)-Lys(15) and (pF)Phe(4) that increase the agonist potency with those conferring partial agonist (Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)NH)Gly(2)) or pure antagonist (Nphe(1)) properties. Twelve peptides were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human recombinant NOP and in electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum assays. All peptides behaved as NOP ligands; the chemical modifications Arg(14)-Lys(15) and (pF)Phe(4) increased ligand affinity/potency. Peptides with the normal Phe(1)-Gly(2) peptide bond behaved as full agonists, and those with the Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)NH)Gly(2) modification behaved as partial agonists, while those with the Nphe(1) modification behaved as partial agonists or pure antagonists depending on the presence or absence of the (pF)Phe(4) modification, respectively. The full agonist [(pF)Phe(4),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2), the partial agonist [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)NH)Gly(2),(pF)Phe(4),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2), and the pure antagonist [Nphe(1),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2) represent the most potent peptide ligands for NOP.
Online battery state-of-charge estimation based on sparse gaussian process regression (2016)

This paper presents a new online method for state-of charge (SoC) estimation of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries based on sparse Gaussian process regression (GPR). Building upon sparse approximation of the regular GPR, the proposed method is computationally more efficient. The battery SoC is estimated based on measured voltage, current and temperature. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified using LiMn2O4/hard-carbon battery data collected from a constant-current discharge test. In addition, the estimation performance of the proposed method is compared with a SoC estimation method using regular GPR with different covariance functions.
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDINS. 3. SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO 11‐DEOXYPROSTAGLANDINS (1982)

Abstract Die Tricarbonsäure (Ia) wird zu (Ib) verestert und dann mit NaH cyclisiert, wobei der Cyclopentanon‐dicarbonsäureester (IIa) sowie geringere Anteile des Isomeren (III) erhalten werden.
Question routing to user communities (2013)

An online community consists of a group of users who share a common interest, background, or experience and their collective goal is to contribute towards the welfare of the community members. Question answering is an important feature that enables community members to exchange knowledge within the community boundary. The overwhelming number of communities necessitates the need for a good question routing strategy so that new questions gets routed to the appropriately focused community and thus get resolved. In this paper, we consider the novel problem of routing questions to the right community and propose a framework to select the right set of communities for a question. We begin by using several prior proposed features for users and add some additional features, namely language attributes and inclination to respond, for community modeling. Then we introduce two k nearest neighbor based aggregation algorithms for computing community scores. We show how these scores can be combined to recommend communities and test the effectiveness of the recommendations over a large real world dataset.
SF-1771, a new antibiotic related to bleomycin. (1980)

A new antibiotic, substance SF-1771, has been isolated for the fermentation broth of Streptomyces toyocaensis SF-1771. The antibiotic is highly active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and effective against sarcoma 180 cells of ascites type in mice. It belonged to the phleomycin-bleomycin group antibiotics, but has been differentiated from the known antibiotics by the physiochemical properties, chromatographic behaviors and amino acid analysis.
N-Polar GaN MIS-HEMTs on Sapphire With High Combination of Power Gain Cutoff Frequency and Three-Terminal Breakdown Voltage (2015)

Nitrogen polar SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN metal- insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with 28.6-nm equivalent GaN channel thickness grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrate with a high combination of current/power gain cutoff frequencies (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) and three-terminal breakdown voltage (BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> ) are demonstrated. f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> of 103 GHz/114 V and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> /BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> of 248 GHz/114 V were achieved in devices with the gate widths of 2 × 50 μm and 2 × 25 μm, respectively, comparing well with recent reports of fully passivated and vertically scaled Ga-polar GaN HEMTs. Devices with a gate width of 2 × 75 μm showed the peak output power densities of 5.74 W/mm at 4 GHz and 6.29 W/mm at 10 GHz obtained by load-pull measurements.
Synthesis of C-4 Substituted Nicotine Derivatives via an <i>N</i>-Acylpyridinium Salt of (<i>S</i>)-Nicotine (2005)

A variety of novel nicotine derivatives were prepared from (S)-nicotine via a two-step sequence. Addition of a cuprate reagent to an N-acylpyridinium salt of nicotine, followed by aromatization with elemental sulfur, afforded C-4 substituted nicotines in moderate to high yield. Using this method, 4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)nicotine was prepared and oxidized to afford (S)-4-hydroxynicotine.
Texture based segmentation method to detect atherosclerotic plaque from optical tomography images (2013)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been widely employed in assessing cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is one of the major cause cardio vascular diseases. However visual detection of atherosclerotic plaque from OCT images is often limited and further complicated by high frame rates. We developed a texture based segmentation method to automatically detect plaque and non plaque regions from OCT images. To verify our results we compared them to photographs of the vascular tissue with atherosclerotic plaque that we used to generate the OCT images. Our results show a close match with photographs of vascular tissue with atherosclerotic plaque. Our texture based segmentation method for plaque detection could be potentially used in clinical cardiovascular OCT imaging for plaque detection.
One-Step Synthesis of Amphiphilic Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Block Copolymers by Surfactant-Free Heterogeneous Radical Polymerization (2015)

Ultrahigh molecular weight (>10<sup>6</sup> g/mol) amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized using one-step surfactant-free heterogeneous radical polymerization (SFHRP). The polymerization initially involves formation of water-soluble homopolymer blocks, followed by copolymerization of a hydrophobic monomer, resulting in ultrahigh molecular weight block copolymers. Facilitating heterogeneous reaction conditions and continuous supply of an initiator controls the process. Using this synthetic approach, we synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(2-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-<i>block</i>-poly(<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate) (pDMAEMA-<i>b</i>-pnBA), pDMAEMA-<i>block</i>-p(<i>tert</i>-butyl acrylate) (pDMAEMA-<i>b</i>-tBA), and pDMAEMA-<i>block</i>-polystyrene (pDMAEMA-<i>b</i>-pSt) with molecular weights of 1.98 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1.18 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and 0.91 × 10<sup>6</sup> g/mol, respectively. These ultrahigh molecular weight block copolymers can self-assemble in nonpolar solvents to form thermochromic inverse polymeric micelles as well as other shapes and exhibit many potential applications.
Abstract 3026: Concurrent gene promoter hypermethylation and reduced immunohistochemical expression of potential biomarkers in cervical cancer: A Phase I biomarker development trial (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common neoplasia in women and it is the fifth cause of death by cancer in this population. Pap smears and HPV infection tests have been the most widely used tools to detect cytological abnormalities and women's risk of developing cervical cancer. However, they cannot distinguish between lesions that will progress to an invasive carcinoma and those that will not. Methylation biomarkers could be useful in early detection and progression for cervical carcinoma. Several studies have shown an association between promoter DNA hypermethylation and decreased gene expression. Aim: To identify potential epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical management of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Isolated DNA from 12 normal samples and 7 cervical cancers was enriched with Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and hybridized to Nimblegen 385K CpG Islands plus Promoter arrays (MeDIP-chip). Bioinformatics strategies were used for background correction, array normalization and data analysis of differentially methylated genomic regions between tumor and normal tissue. Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) validated promoter methylation frequency in the 221 samples: 25 normal, 66 Low Grade Lesions (LSIL), 91 High Grade Lesions (HSIL) and 39 cervical cancers (CC). Immunohistochemistry (IHQ) was performed to identify expression of genes at protein level in a separate cohort of 122 samples: 59 normal and 63 CC. Immunoreactivity score was determined by tabulating the percentage of cells with different levels of reactivity to the target antibodies. Results. Two hypermethylated genes were identified as potential biomarkers after validation by MSP: GGTLA4 and ZNF516. The methylation frequency for the two genes was higher in tumor: GGTLA4 (100%) and ZNF516 (96%); than in normal samples: GGTLA4 (12%) and ZNF516 (16%). The methylation status of GGTLA4 showed a progression in methylation frequency from normal samples to invasive carcinoma. The immunohistochemical expression for the two genes was lower in tumor: GGTLA4 (50.8 %) and ZNF516 (66.2%); than in normal samples: GGTLA4 (71.2%) and ZNF516 (88.1%) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: We have identified two potential methylation markers for cervical cancer, GGTLA4 and ZNF516, with the use of MeDIP-chip and confirmed the results with IHQ in an independent cohort. These genes may be useful tools for diagnosis and clinical management cervical cancer. These results need to be confirmed in an independent laboratory before the genes are examined in a Phase II Biomarker Development Trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3026. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3026
Power mapping and modeling of multi-core processors (2013)

We propose new techniques for post-silicon power mapping and modeling of multi-core processors using infrared imaging and performance counter measurements. An accurate finite-element modeling framework is used to capture the relationship between temperature and power, while compensating for the artifacts introduced from substituting traditional heat removal mechanisms with oil-based infrared-transparent cooling mechanisms. We use thermal conditioning techniques to build leakage power models for the die. Utilizing the power maps identified from infrared mapping, we develop empirical power models for different processor blocks based on the measurements from the performance monitoring counters (PMCs), and utilize the PMC-based models to analyze the transient power consumption. In our experiments, we capture thermal images from a quad-core processor under different workload conditions, and then we reconstruct the dynamic and leakage power maps for different blocks. Our results show good accuracy in mapping and modeling, revealing good insights into the trends of power consumption in multi-core processors.
Multiaxial fatigue of rubber: Part II: experimental observations and life predictions (2005)

ABSTRACT Fatigue experiments were conducted with an axial‐torsion specimen covering a wide range of stretch biaxiality and a range of fatigue lives between 10 3 and 2 × 10 6 cycles. These experiments include combined torsion–compression, pure torsion, combined torsion–tension and pure axial tension. Both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase combinations of axial and torsion loading were considered. The multiaxial fatigue experiments described provide empirical evidence from which an understanding of the mechanics of the fatigue process in rubber can be developed. Each of the four equivalence parameters described in Part I has been applied to the axial‐torsion fatigue experiments described in this paper (Part II). These results provide the basis for an analysis of the effects of multiaxial loading on fatigue life, and an assessment of the degree to which the various equivalence parameters are able to rationalize the results in a unified way. For the combined axial and shear strain histories in this study, the maximum principal strain criterion gave the best correlation to fatigue life. Strain energy density gave the worst correlation. The cracking energy density criterion was generally found to give good correlation of fatigue crack nucleation lives from combined axial‐torsion tests. Because it provides a plane‐specific analysis, this criterion appears to be particularly well suited for use in crack nucleation analyses of multiaxial strain histories.
Rate equation analysis of high-speed photon-lifetime-modulated strongly injection-locked semiconductor ring lasers (2013)

A novel method for modulation bandwidth enhancement is presented, involving strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor ring laser modulated through photon lifetime. Advantages of photon-lifetime modulation over conventional injection-current modulation are confirmed through numerical modeling.
Control of Supersonic Resonant Flows Using High Bandwidth Micro-Actuators (2009)

Practical application of active flow control of high speed flows is dependent upon the development of simple and robust actuators that can produce high momentum and are reliable, low cost, and responsive and can be easily integrated. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the characterization and implementation of high bandwidth micro-actuators for the control of supersonic resonant flows. The striking feature of this micro-actuator is its high momentum mean flow along with high amplitude and a tunable frequency unsteady component. First generation micro-actuators are designed and their performance is tested in controlling the highly unsteady impinging jet flow field. The results show that the impinging tones are completely eliminated with the actuation of these micro-actuators, whereas, new peaks at a frequency different from the actuation frequency and its harmonics are observed in the spectra, the occurrence of which need to be further explored. A reduction of 3-4 dB in overall sound pressure levels (OASPL) is achieved over the range of test conditions.
Innovative Diffusion Driven Desalination Process (2004)

An innovative diffusion driven desalination (DDD) process is presented, and its performance based on thermodynamic considerations is thoroughly explored. The desalination is driven by water vapor saturating low humidity air flowing through a diffusion tower. Liquid water is condensed out of the air/vapor mixture in a direct contact condenser. The desalination process is suitable for operation at low temperatures and may be driven by waste heat with low exergy. It is demonstrated that the DDD process can yield a fresh water production efficiency of 4.5% with thermal energy consumption of 0.56 kWh per kilogram of fresh water production based on a feed water temperature of only 50°C. An example is discussed in which the DDD process utilizes waste heat from a 100 MW steam power plant to produce 1.51 million gallons of fresh water per day.
Combining gp96-Ig vaccination and mTL1A-Ig fusion protein boosts anti-tumor immunity. (165.10) (2011)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor 25 (TNFR25) and its natural ligand, TL1A, inhibit the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and block de novo biogenesis of antigen specific induced Treg (iTreg). TL1A/TNFR25 co-stimulates CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promotes proliferation and cytokine production in the presence of antigen. Due to the role of TNFR25 as a co-stimulator of T cells, we hypothesize that combination therapy with g96-Ig vaccination will enhance the robust expansion of CD8 CTL observed with vaccine alone. As expected, gp96 vaccine with TNFR25 agonistic antibody, 4C12, enhanced CD8 CTL expansion and tumor rejection as compared to vaccine only. Here we genetically engineered murine TL1A-Ig fusion proteins that differ in retention of the cleavage site in the extracellular domain fused to the C-terminus of mIgG1 Fc. The in vitro potencies of the TNFR25 agonist fusion proteins were confirmed by caspase activation and binding assays. Apparent molecular weights were measured as 447 and 152 kDa by gel filtration, and biological half life was determined as 7 hours in mice. In vitro, mTL1A-Ig with anti-CD3 caused rapid proliferation of all CD4+ T lymphocytes, including CD4+FoxP3+Tregs. Enhanced antigen specific CTL expansion was observed in the spleen and peritoneal cavity when naïve mice were treated with vaccine and mTL1A-Ig. We will optimize dose and scheduling of mTL1A-Ig injection, which can be utilized in combination with the vaccine to enhance therapeutic benefit.
Deep Learning for Font Recognition and Retrieval (2018)

Typography is a fundamental graphic design component and also a ubiquitous art form that affects our understanding and perception of what we read. Thousands of different font faces have been created with enormous variations in the characters. Graphic designers have the desire to identify the fonts they encounter in daily life for later use. While they might take a photo of the text of a particularly interesting font and seek out an expert to identify the font, the manual identification process is extremely tedious and error prone. Several websites allow users to search and recognize fonts by font similarity, including Identifont, MyFonts, WhatTheFont, and Fontspring. All of them rely on tedious humans interactions and high-quality manual preprocessing of images, and the accuracies are still unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the majority of font selection interfaces in existing software applications are simple linear lists, while exhaustively exploring the entire space of fonts using an alphabetical listing is unrealistic for most users.
Fig. S7 from A miR-29b Byproduct Sequence Exhibits Potent Tumor-Suppressive Activities via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

<p>Supplementary Figure S7. Effects of mimic-miR-29b-1-3p and MIRTX on cell proliferation. MIRTX exhibited a stronger inhibition of cell proliferation in DLD1 than mimic-miR-29b-3p.</p>
Observation of semiconductor device channel strain using in-line high resolution X-ray diffraction (2013)

In-line high resolution X-ray diffraction has been used to analyze embedded silicon-germanium (eSiGe) epitaxially grown in the source/drain regions of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Compared to blanket films, the diffraction from patterned devices exhibited distinct features corresponding to the eSiGe in the source/drain regions and Si under the gate and SiGe. The diffraction features modulated with structural changes, alloy composition, and subsequent thermal processing. Reciprocal space measurements taken around the (224) diffraction peak revealed both in-plane (h) and out-of-plane (l) lattice deformation, along with features corresponding to the regular spacing between the gates.