gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The folding and activity of the extracellular lipase of Rhizopus oryzae are modulated by a prosequence (1996)

The fungus Rhizopus oryzae synthesizes an extracellular lipase precursor bearing N-terminal pre- and pro-sequences. Our studies in Escherichia coli and using recombinant lipase in vitro indicate that the prosequence of 97 amino acids has at least two functions. First, it modulates the enzyme activity of the lipase so that this enzyme can initially be synthesized in a non-destructive form. Direct synthesis of the mature form of the lipase in the cell has toxic consequences, at least partly because of phospholipase activity that is suppressed in the proprotein. Secondly, it supports folding of the lipase via a pathway influenced by a single cysteine residue at position - 68. Mutational analysis of the prosequence demonstrates not only the key role of this cysteine residue but also the importance of the neighbouring amino acids. In particular, Arg-69 probably enhances the leaving group character of Cys-68. We propose a model in which Cys-68 acts as an intramolecular thiodisulphide reagent, playing a catalytic role in the folding of the enzyme. The prosequence is capable of performing the described functions both in cis and in trans.
Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse‐driven, community‐supported HIV/AIDS treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational cohort assessment at two years (2009)

Despite major resource constraints, Lesotho is comparing favourably with its better resourced neighbour, using the latest international ART recommendations. The successful two-year outcomes are further evidence that HIV/AIDS care and treatment can be provided effectively at the primary care level. The programme highlights how improving HIV care strengthened the primary health care system, and validates several critical areas for task shifting that are being considered by other countries in the region, including nurse-driven ART for adults and children, and lay counsellor-supported testing and counselling, adherence and case management.
Bistable spatial light modulator using liquid crystal and Bi12SiO20 crystal layers (1988)

A compact spatial light modulator having optical bistability has been constructed with a twisted nematic liquid-crystal layer, a polarizing film, and a Bi12SiO20 crystal layer. The optical bistability is produced by combining the nonlinear optical transmittance property of the liquid-crystal electro-optic light modulator with the photoconductive property of the Bi12SiO20 crystal layer. The device performs optically bistable operations in a controllable manner, and parallel processing of intensity-level image thresholding is also demonstrated for several threshold levels.
Detecting moving objects in airborne forward looking infra-red sequences (2003)

In this paper we propose a system that detects independently moving objects (IMOs) in forward looking infra-red (FLIR) image sequences taken from an airborne, moving platform. Ego-motion effects are removed through a robust multi-scale affine image registration process. Consequently, areas with residual motion indicate object activity. These areas are detected, refined and selected using a Bayes' classifier. The remaining regions are clustered into pairs. Each pair represents an object's front and rear end. Using motion and scene knowledge we estimate object pose and establish a region-of-interest (ROI) for each pair. Edge elements within each ROI are used to segment the convex cover containing the IMO. We show detailed results on real, complex, cluttered and noisy sequences. Moreover, we outline the integration of our robust system into a comprehensive automatic target recognition (ATR) and action classification system.
Micro-fabricated thin-film inductors for on-chip power conversion (2012)

This paper reports an optimized design and micro-fabrication approach for silicon-integrated elongated-spiral inductors for on-chip power conversion. The inductors are designed for high-power-density and high-efficiency DC-DC converters which transfer 25 W of power at frequencies between 5 and 30 MHz. The predicted power density of the inductors is close to 1 W/mm(exp 2) with predicted overall converter efficiencies exceeding 90%. A Co-Zr-O multilayer thin-film magnetic material surrounds the planar copper windings of the inductor within etched silicon trenches. Materials and most processing steps have been experimentally verified. The miniaturization and integration of high-efficiency inductors on silicon can enable radical reductions in the size and cost of power converters for a myriad of applications.
A case‐control study of colorectal cancer detection by quantification of DNA isolated from directly collected exfoliated colonocytes (2009)

This pilot study aimed to assess an original test based on the analysis of exfoliated colonocytes as a new approach to colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. DNA was isolated from exfoliated cells collected from the surface of the rectal mucosa by a standardized minimally invasive procedure in a case-control trial involving 66 patients with CRC diagnosis and 110 healthy volunteers (age 50-70). PicoGreen staining and quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR) were used for DNA quantification. Mean DNA scores in microg/ml obtained for the control and cancer groups were 2.1 (95% CI 1.7-2.5) and 9.0 (CI 6.7-11.2) respectively (p < 0.001) for PicoGreen and 0.8 (CI 0.6-0.9) and 3.8 (CI 1.9-5.7) respectively (p = 0.003) for QRTPCR. The PicoGreen assay better detected CRC presence. At DNA score cut-off point of 2.5 microg/ml this assay gave sensitivities of 77.8% (CI 52.4-93.6) for proximal tumours, 91.4% (CI 76.9-98.2) for distal CRC and 86.8% (CI 74.7-94.5) for all CRC with specificity at 74.0% (CI 64.0-82.4). Increasing the cut-off point to 5.0 microg/ml resulted in sensitivities of 38.9% (CI 17.3-64.3) for proximal tumours, 71.4% (CI 53.7-85.4) for distal CRC and 60.4% (CI 46.0-73.5) for all CRC. Specificity for this cut-off point increased to 94.8% (CI 88.3-98.3). The new procedure of exfoliated cell collection from the surface of the rectal mucosa is a simple, safe and well-tolerated technique providing high quality cells. These early results suggest that exfoliated cell collection in combination with DNA quantification can potentially be employed as a tool for CRC early detection.
The effects of platelet tropomyosin on the ATPase activities of muscle actomyosin subfragment 1 in the absence and presence of troponin, its components, and calmodulin. (1981)

The effect of platelet tropomyosin on the ATPase activity of a muscle actin-myosin subfragment 1 system has been examined in 30 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 2 mM ATP, 0.1 mM EGTA, 2 mM Tris, pH 7.8. Whereas muscle tropomyosin inhibits the activity by 60%, the platelet protein had no effect. Addition of muscle troponin in the absence of Ca2+ to the system inhibited the activity by up to 80% irrespective of whether muscle or platelet tropomyosin was used. The release of this inhibition by the addition of Ca2+ was much less in the case of platelet tropomyosin. This may result from the fact that platelet tropomyosin aggregates poorly in a head-to-tail manner and interacts only weakly with muscle troponin-T. In the presence of troponin-I and platelet tropomyosin, inhibition of the ATPase activity was 80%. This inhibition was largely released by the addition of troponin-C irrespective of the presence of Ca2+. The addition of brain calmodulin, however, released the inhibition in the presence of calcium but not in its absence. These effects can be correlated with the binding or lack of binding of the platelet tropomyosin to the actin filament.
Epitope mapping of the cat (<i>Felis domesticus</i>) major allergen <i>Fel d</i> I by overlapping synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies against native and denatured <i>Fel d</i> I (1993)

The major cat allergen Fel d I is a homodimer of which each monomer consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains: chain 1 (70 amino acid residues) and chain 2 (92 amino acid residues). Twenty-one synthetic peptides of 14 amino acid residues length, overlapping by seven residues and spanning the entire sequence of both chains, were synthesized. These peptides were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B and used as solid-phase antigens in epitope-mapping studies with monoclonal antibodies against native and reduced/alkylated Fel d I. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against reduced/alkylated chain 1 bound to the overlapping peptides 53-66 and 60-70 of chain 1. The monoclonal antibody directed against reduced/alkylated chain 2 bound to the overlapping peptides 36-49 and 43-56 of chain 2. Binding specificity was demonstrated by inhibition by reduced/alkylated Fel d I for all three monoclonal antibodies. Another monoclonal antibody against reduced/alkylated Fel d I had been found to bind predominantly to reduced/alkylated chain 2 on immunoblot in previous studies. It bound to peptides 1-16 and 60-70 of chain 1 and peptides 1-14 and 50-63 of chain 2; it is therefore probably directed against a conformational epitope formed by these four regions. Possibly because of low affinity of this monoclonal antibody, specificity of its binding could not be verified by inhibition studies. A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against native Fel d I bound to peptides 1-16 and 60-70 of chain 1 and peptides 1-14 and 43-56 of chain 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver (1982)

Abstract The morphologic anatomy of the liver is described as 2 main and 2 accessory lobes. The more recent functional anatomy of the liver is based on the distribution of the portal pedicles and the location of the hepatic veins. The liver is divided into 4 sectors, some of them composed of 2 segments. In all, there are 8 segments. According to the anatomy, typical hepatectomies (or “réglées”) are those which are performed along anatomical scissurae. The 2 main technical conceptions of typical hepatectomies are those with preliminary vascular control (Lortat‐Jacob's technique) and hepatectomies with primary parenchymatous transection (Ton That Tung's technique). A good knowledge of the anatomy of the liver is a prerequisite for anatomical surgery of this organ.
Regional Hyperthermia by Magnetic Induction in a Beagle Dog Model: Analysis of Thermal Dosimetry (1984)

We have investigated magnetic induction heating techniques for achieving normal tissue hyperthermia in a beagle dog model to clarify the physics and physiology of "regional heating," to develop an animal model of regional heating in humans, and to develop a method of rapid regional heating in dogs for a normal visceral tissue toxicity study. Heating was done with a concentric coil or a coaxial pair of coils applied to the abdominal region, and with or without surface cooling blankets in each case. Thermometers were placed at multiple visceral and subcutaneous sites including an intraarterial thermocouple at the aortic arch level. With either electrode arrangement and no surface cooling, whole-body hyperthermia ( WBH ) at 42 degrees C was produced within 30 to 55 min with 250 W applied power; the 42 degrees C state could be maintained with 40 to 60 W of power. Thermal gradients in these cases reflected nonuniform power deposition superimposed upon arterial temperature elevation. With surface cooling blankets added, systemic heating was significantly reduced, and temperature gradients again reflected the nonuniform power deposition. Regional heating in a dog produces WBH unless sufficient surface cooling is used to provide a heat dissipation rate balancing the heat absorption rate; this latter case best models the use of inductive techniques in humans. The coaxial pair of coils, without surface cooling, produced rapid WBH and the visceral temperature maximum and minimum were within Tesoph + 0.21 degrees C and Tesoph - 0.07 degrees C, respectively (95% confidence index; Tesoph = esophageal temperature). This is an appropriate technique for the proposed toxicity study.
Dynamics of silver nanoparticle formation and agglomeration inside the cavitation bubble after pulsed laser ablation in liquid (2012)

The formation of nanoparticles within the laser-induced cavitation bubble is studied in situ using small angle X-ray scattering with high spatiotemporal resolution. Directly after laser ablation, two different particle fractions consisting of compact primary particles of 8-10 nm size and agglomerates of 40-60 nm size are formed. The abundance of these species is strongly influenced by the dynamics of the oscillating cavitation bubble. Primary particle mass is most abundant during maximal expansion of the first bubble and reappears a little weaker in the rebound. In contrast to this, the mass abundance of agglomerates is relatively low in the first bubble but strongly increases during first bubble collapse and following rebound. Although most of the ablated material is trapped inside the bubble and follows its oscillation, a minor fraction of both species could be detected outside the cavitation bubble even before its final collapse.
Assessing the Metabolic Effects of Calcineurin Inhibitors in Renal Transplant Recipients by Urine Metabolic Profiling (2014)

Urinary metabolomics represents a noninvasive way of monitoring immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant patients. Although it is too early to consider it as a biomarker of CNI-induced injury or graft function, metabolomics appears a promising evaluation tool in this area.
VALUE PRICING HELPS REDUCE CONGESTION (1999)

The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) created the Value-Pricing Pilot Program, which replaced the Congestion-Pricing Pilot Program in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). In reauthorizing the program, Congress recognized that value pricing is a new and innovative approach to congestion relief and that much remains to be learned about its effectiveness in different urban settings. Using price to allocate space on congested roads involves charging relatively higher prices for travel during periods of peak demand than in other periods. Faced with these premium charges, travelers would be encouraged to eliminate lower-valued trips, or take them at a different time, or to choose alternative routes or modes. A critically important aspect of value pricing is that while it is reducing the economic waste associated with congestion, it is also generating revenues that can be used to provide benefits to a broad spectrum of road users. Possibilities include funding necessary improvements to the transportation infrastructure, providing improved transportation alternatives, or reducing (or not increasing) other transportation user charges or other local taxes. Three operating pilot projects were launched under the auspices of ISTEA: San Diego, California; Houston, Texas; and Lee County, Florida. In 1995, the first variable-priced and fully automated highway in the United States began operation in Orange County, California. Feasibility studies have been undertaken in several areas, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sonoma County, California; Westchester and Rockingham counties, New York; Boulder, Colorado; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Portland, Oregon. Pricing projects in Singapore, Norway, France, and Canada illustrate the progress being made in other countries.
Three‐dimensional modeling and simulation of <scp>DNA</scp> hybridization kinetics and mass transport as functions of temperature in a microfluidic channel (2013)

A 3D finite element model was developed to optimize the kinetics and mass transfer characteristics of low concentration, 18 bp ssDNA targets in bulk media solution, to 18 bp complimentary oligonucleotide probes immobilized on electrochemical detection electrodes positioned along the length of a microfluidic channel. Conditions considered in the model were fluid flow rate, diffusion time, DNA melting temperature, number of matching base pairs, and temperature of the fluid in the channel. System optimization was based on maximizing the uniformity and surface concentration of the specifically bound hybridized DNA, minimizing waste volume generation and the hybridization time. With the coupled simulation method used, the total experiment time was reduced from 150 to 60 min and the simulated results were consistent with experimental results found in the literature. A stopped flow procedure was investigated as a means to improve hybridization. This procedure can not only improve uniformity and capture efficiency, and reduce waste, but can also decrease overall signal intensity relative to continuous flow operation. Finally, the use of temperature in reducing mismatched hybridization and improving duplex stability was also successfully modeled and simulated.
RECOGNITION OF FIRE CUES DURING SLEEP (2001)

Accurate prediction of occupant response is required for models that are designed to assess risk to life in fires for the purpose of performance-based assessment of building safety, but quantitative data on human behaviour in fires is limited. The lack of data, and particularly of data relating to initial occupant response, is recognised worldwide.
Ultraviolet Radiation and the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (2008)

The results suggest that MMPs and TIMPs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of OSSN and that UVB initiates and perpetuates the development of this lesion on the ocular surface.
Software economics (2000)

The fundamental goal of all good design and engineering is to create maximal value added for any given investment. There are many dimensions in which value can be assessed, from monetary profit to the solution of social problems. The benefits sought are often domain-specific, yet the logic is the same: design is an investment activity. Software economics is the field that seeks to enable significant improvements in software design and engineering through economic reasoning about product, process, program, and portfolio and policy issues. We summarize the state of the art and identify shortfalls in existing knowledge. Past work focuses largely on costs, not on benefits, thus not on value added; nor are current technical software design criteria linked clearly to value creation. We present a roadmap for research emphasizing the need for a strategic investment approach to software engineering. We discuss how software economics can lead to fundamental improvements in software design and engineering, in theory and practice.
Maktoub ? L’influence de la psychanalyse sur l’expression des gènes (2008)

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Two-stage solar power tower cavity-receiver design and thermal performance analysis (2017)

New type of two-stage solar power tower cavity-receiver is designed and a calculating procedure of radiation, convection and flow under the Gaussian heat flux is established so as to determine the piping layout and geometries in the receiver I and II and the heat flux distribution in different positions is obtained. Then the main thermal performance on water/steam temperature, steam quality, wall temperature along the typical tubes and pressure drop are specified according to the heat transfer and flow characteristics of two-phase flow. Meanwhile, a series of systematic design process is promoted and analysis on thermal performance of the two receivers is conducted. Results show that this type of two-stage cavity-receivers can minimize the size and reduce the mean temperature of receiver I while raise the average heat flux, thus increase the thermal efficiency of the two receivers; besides, the multiple serpentine tubes from header can make a more uniform distribution of the outlet parameters, preventing wall overheated.
Proceedings of the solar thermal technology conference (1986)

The Solar Thermal Technology Conference was held on June 17 to 19, 1986 at the Marriott Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The meeting was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratories. Topics covered during the conference included a status summary of the Sandia Solar Thermal Development Project, perspectives on central and distributed receiver technology including energy collection and conversion technologies, systems analyses and applications experiments. The proceedings contain summaries (abstracts plus principal visual aids) of the presentations made at the conference.
Genomic signal processing (2001)

Genomics is a highly cross-disciplinary field that creates paradigm shifts in such diverse areas as medicine and agriculture. It is believed that many significant scientific and technological endeavors in the 21st century will be related to the processing and interpretation of the vast information that is currently revealed from sequencing the genomes of many living organisms, including humans. Genomic information is digital in a very real sense; it is represented in the form of sequences of which each element can be one out of a finite number of entities. Such sequences, like DNA and proteins, have been mathematically represented by character strings, in which each character is a letter of an alphabet. In the case of DNA, the alphabet is size 4 and consists of the letters A, T, C and G; in the case of proteins, the size of the corresponding alphabet is 20. As the list of references shows, biomolecular sequence analysis has already been a major research topic among computer scientists, physicists, and mathematicians. The main reason that the field of signal processing does not yet have significant impact in the field is because it deals with numerical sequences rather than character strings. However, if we properly map a character string into, one or more numerical sequences, then digital signal processing (DSP) provides a set of novel and useful tools for solving highly relevant problems. For example, in the form of local texture, color spectrograms visually provide significant information about biomolecular sequences which facilitates understanding of local nature, structure, and function. Furthermore, both the magnitude and the phase of properly defined Fourier transforms can be used to predict important features like the location and certain properties of protein coding regions in DNA. Even the process of mapping DNA into proteins and the interdependence of the two kinds of sequences can be analyzed using simulations based on digital filtering. These and other DSP-based approaches result in alternative mathematical formulations and may provide improved computational techniques for the solution of useful problems in genomic information science and technology.