gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Methods for Determining Significant Wave Heights—Applied to a 3-m Discus Buoy during Hurricane Katrina (2010)

Abstract In August 2005, the eye of Hurricane Katrina passed 90 km to the west of a 3-m discus buoy deployed in the Mississippi Sound and operated by the Central Gulf of Mexico Ocean Observing System (CenGOOS). The buoy motions were measured with a strapped-down, 6 degrees of freedom accelerometer, a three-axis magnetometer, and from the displacement of a GPS antenna measured by postprocessed-kinematic GPS. Recognizing that an accelerometer experiences a large offset due to gravity, the authors investigated four different means of computing wave heights. In the most widely used method for a buoy with a strapped-down, 1D accelerometer, wave heights are overestimated by 26% on average and up to 56% during the peak of the hurricane. In the second method, the component of gravity is removed from the deck relative z-axis accelerations, requiring pitch and roll information. This is most similar to the motion of the GPS antenna and reduces the overestimation to only 5% on average. In the third method, the orientation data are used to obtain a very accurate estimate of the vertical acceleration, reducing the overestimation of wave heights to 1%. The fourth method computes an estimate of the true earth-referenced vertical accelerations using the accelerations from all three axes but not the pitch and roll information. It underestimates the wave heights by 2.5%. The fifth method uses the acceleration from all three axes and the pitch and roll information to obtain the earth-referenced vertical acceleration of the buoy, the most accurate measure of the true wave vertical acceleration. The primary conclusion of this work is that the measured deck relative accelerations from a strapped-down, 1D accelerometer must be tilt corrected in environments of high wave heights.
Measuring dependency via intrinsic dimensionality (2016)

Measuring the amount of dependency among multiple variables is an important task in pattern recognition. In the last few years, many new dependency measures have been developed for the exploration of functional relationships. In this paper, we develop a dependency measure between variables based on an extreme-value theoretic treatment of intrinsic dimensionality. Our measure identifies variables with low intrinsic dimension - that is, those that support embeddings of the data within low-dimensional manifolds. To build a dependency measure on strong foundations, we theoretically prove a connection between information theory and intrinsic dimensionality theory. This allows us also to propose novel estimators of intrinsic dimensionality. Finally, we show that our dependency measure enables to find patterns that cannot be found by other state-of-the-art measures on real and synthetic data.
Target Site Selection by Tn <i>7</i> : <i>att</i> Tn <i>7</i> Transcription and Target Activity (2000)

The bacterial transposon Tn7 inserts at high frequency into a specific site called attTn7, which is present in the chromosomes of many bacteria. We show here that transcription of a nearby gene, glmS, decreases the frequency of Tn7 insertion into attTn7, thus providing a link between Tn7 transposition and host cell metabolism.
Rate mechanisms of a novel thiol‐ene photopolymerization reaction (2004)

Abstract A novel thiol‐ene photopolymerization reaction involving copolymerization of tetrathiol monomer with vinyl silazane is experimentally characterized and is modeled successfully. The overall polymerization rate is found to be controlled by the ratio of the propagation to chain transfer kinetic parameters. The polymerization rate of this mixture, in the presence of added photoinitiator, is approximately first order in ene functionality and is independent of thiol functional group concentration. Initiation rates in this system, when cured utilizing a light centered around 365 nm light, and in the presence of no added photoinitiator, are shown to be proportional to the ene monomer concentration. When the mixture is polymerized utilizing light centered at 254 nm light, and without photoinitiator, the initiation rates are proportional to the thiol monomer concentrations. This novel reaction scheme is further utilized to form ultra rapidly polymerizable polymer derived ceramic structures with high aspect ratios.
Mass spectrometer based gas permeation apparatus (1985)

A newly constructed instrument to measure diffusion and permeation rates in polymeric materials is described. This instrument utilizes a quadrupole mass spectrometer as a sensitive flow meter to detect the flux of gas through a polymer sheet that is subjected to a pressure gradient. The permeation coefficient is obtained from the steady state flux and the diffusion coefficient from the kinetics of reaching the steady state in a sheet that is initially devoid of permeant. The diffusion coefficient depends solely on the time development of the mass spectrometer signal and calibration is not required. To obtain the actual flux, however, the mass spectrometer output is calibrated by effusing a known quantity of the test gas into the spectrometer through an orifice. Enclosure of the sample cell in an oven permits the temperature dependences of the diffusion parameters to be derived. The instrument was tested by measuring the diffusion behavior of helium in ethylenepropylene rubber as a function of temperature and the results agree well with literature values.
P1‐118: SYNTHESES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AND COVALENTLY BONDED AMYLOID‐B DIMERS (2014)

As the smallest oligomeric species, Aβ dimers, directly extracted from the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, are found to impair synaptic plasticity and memory in rodents.Accordingly, substantial efforts have been devoted to understanding the pathophysiological function of Aβ dimers by chemical approaches.The synthesis of a disulfide-linked Aβ(1-40S26C) dimer enabled generation of anti-dimer monoclonal antibodies to neutralize synaptic plasticity. As Aβ monomers are essential for brain function,selectively targeting pathogenic dimers is a considerable therapeutic and diagnostic approach for AD. Although covalently linked Aβ dimers have given freedom from concerns of unstable oligomerization throughout biological studies,conformational relativity of full-length Aβ dimers to AD pathogenesis in vivo is yet to be discovered. We synthesized Aβ dimers in parallel and anti-parallel conformations by modified stepwise Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols. Following standard TFA cleavage and workup protocols, the crude lyophilizates obtained from both syntheses were purified and analyzed by RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry. Each dimer consists of two Aβ(1-40) monomers, a lysine as a covalent linker and two flexible peptidic spacers, H 2 N-(GGGS)2 -CO 2 H,between Aβ and the lysine residue. To prepare the parallel Aβ dimer with a C- to C-terminal link, we first introduced a lysine residue as the first amino acid on the solid support to utilize its two primary amines for the further amino acid couplings. Following the incorporation of flexible peptidic linkers, we extended the synthesis with the Aβ(1-40), as previously described, on the α and ε amine groups of the core lysine residue. To prepare the anti-parallel Aβ dimer with an N- to C-terminal link, we first synthesized Aβ(1-40) on the solid support followed by the peptidic spacer and a lysine residue. We, then, extended the peptide with additional the secondary peptidic spacer and Aβ(1-40)on the ε amine of the lysine a secondary flexible spacer.
Anti‐CD30 (BER‐H2) immunotoxins containing the type‐1 ribosome‐inactivating proteins momordin and PAP‐S (pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds) display powerful antitumour activity against CD30<sup>+</sup> tumour cells <i>in vitro</i> and in SCID mice (1996)

The anti-CD30 immunotoxin (IT) Ber-H2/saporin is effective in patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease. However, responses are short and partial, one of the main reasons being the inability to repeat IT doses because of formation of human antibodies against the murine antibody and/or the toxin. To overcome this problem, we constructed two new anti-CD30 ITs by covalently linking the mouse monoclonal antibody Ber-H2 to the type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) momordin (MOM) and pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds (PAP-S), which do not cross-react with each other or with saporin. Both ITs inhibited protein synthesis by Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)-derived CD30+ target cell lines with a very high efficiency (IC50 ranging from < 5 x 10(-13) M to 2.75 x 10(-11) M, as RIP). In a SCID mouse model of xenografted CD30+ human ALCL, a 3d treatment with non-toxin doses of Ber-H2/MOM (50%LD50), started 24 h after transplantation, prevented tumour development in about 40% of the animals and significantly delayed tumour growth rate in the others. Main toxicity signs in mice and rabbits were dose-related increase of serum transaminases (AST and ALT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). LD50 (as RIP) in Swiss mice was 7 mg/kg for Ber-H2/MOM and 0.45 mg/kg for Ber-H2/PAP-S. Sequential administration of two anti-CD30 ITs (Ber-H2/MOM and Ber-H2/saporin) was well tolerated and did not result in formation of antibodies cross-reacting and with the two plant toxins. The results presented in this paper suggest that in the future, sequential administration of anti-CD30 humanized antibodies linked to antigenically distinct type 1 RIPs (saporin, MOM, PAP-S) should be feasible.
Determining divergence times with a protein clock: Update and reevaluation (1997)

A recent study of the divergence times of the major groups of organisms as gauged by amino acid sequence comparison has been expanded and the data have been reanalyzed with a distance measure that corrects for both constraints on amino acid interchange and variation in substitution rate at different sites. Beyond that, the availability of complete genome sequences for several eubacteria and an archaebacterium has had a great impact on the interpretation of certain aspects of the data. Thus, the majority of the archaebacterial sequences are not consistent with currently accepted views of the Tree of Life which cluster the archaebacteria with eukaryotes. Instead, they are either outliers or mixed in with eubacterial orthologs. The simplest resolution of the problem is to postulate that many of these sequences were carried into eukaryotes by early eubacterial endosymbionts about 2 billion years ago, only very shortly after or even coincident with the divergence of eukaryotes and archaebacteria. The strong resemblances of these same enzymes among the major eubacterial groups suggest that the cyanobacteria and Gram-positive and Gram-negative eubacteria also diverged at about this same time, whereas the much greater differences between archaebacterial and eubacterial sequences indicate these two groups may have diverged between 3 and 4 billion years ago.
The meaning of personal property (1996)

This chapter considers how the subject matter of personal property is organised before turning to a definition of property rights. The first section describes types of property such as personal property and land, chattels real, choses in possession, choses in action, money, movable and immovable property, the equitable doctrine of conversion, and equitable interests. The second section describes property rights, which come in various shapes and sizes. The touchstone of a property right is its universality: it can be asserted against the world at large, and not only against another individual.
Innovative Bridge Condition Assessment from Dynamic Response of a Passing Vehicle (2006)

An innovative approach for damage assessment of a bridge deck is proposed with the measured dynamic response of a vehicle moving on top of a structure. The simply supported bridge deck is modeled as a Euler–Bernoulli beam. The moving vehicle serves as a smart sensor and force transducer in the structural system. The damage is defined as the flexural stiffness reduction in the beam finite element. The identification algorithm is based on dynamic response sensitivity analysis, and it is realized with a regularization technique from the measured vehicle acceleration measurement. Measurement noise, road surface roughness, and model errors are included in the simulations, and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm is computationally stable and efficient, and the identified results are acceptable and not sensitive to the different parameters studied.
Linolenic Acid Content in Soybean Improved by X-Ray Irradiation (1990)

Journal Article Linolenic Acid Content in Soybean Improved by X-Ray Irradiation Get access Yutaka Takagi, Yutaka Takagi Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A B M Mamun Hossain, A B M Mamun Hossain Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teruyoshi Yanagita, Teruyoshi Yanagita Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takayuki Matsueda, Takayuki Matsueda Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Murayama Akira Murayama Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kyushuu Factory, Saga 840-21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 7, 1 July 1990, Pages 1735–1738, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870212 Published: 01 July 1990 Article history Received: 29 January 1990 Published: 01 July 1990
Using a statistical shape model to extract sulcal curves on the outer cortex of the human brain (2002)

A method for automated segmentation of major cortical sulci on the outer brain boundary is presented, with emphasis on automatically determining point correspondence and on labeling cortical regions. The method is formulated in a general optimization framework defined on the unit sphere, which serves as parametric domain for convoluted surfaces of spherical topology. A statistical shape model, which includes a network of deformable curves on the unit sphere, seeks geometric features such as high curvature regions and labels such features via a deformation process that is confined within a spherical map of the outer brain boundary. The limitations of the customary spherical coordinate system, which include discontinuities at the poles and nonuniform sampling, are overcome by defining the statistical prior of shape variation in terms of projections of landmark points onto corresponding tangent planes of the sphere. The method is tested against and shown to be as accurate as manually defined segmentations.
Depth Map Completion by Jointly Exploiting Blurry Color Images and Sparse Depth Maps (2017)

We aim at predicting a complete and high-resolution depth map from incomplete, sparse and noisy depth measurements. Existing methods handle this problem either by exploiting various regularizations on the depth maps directly or resorting to learning based methods. When the corresponding color images are available, the correlation between the depth maps and the color images are used to improve the completion performance, assuming the color images are clean and sharp. However, in real world dynamic scenes, color images are often blurry due to the camera motion and the moving objects in the scene. In this paper, we propose to tackle the problem of depth map completion by jointly exploiting the blurry color image sequences and the sparse depth map measurements, and present an energy minimization based formulation to simultaneously complete the depth maps, estimate the scene flow and deblur the color images. Our experimental evaluations on both outdoor and indoor scenarios demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our approach.
Purification of the complex of cathepsin L and the MHC class II‐associated invariant chain fragment from human kidney (1993)

The complex of cathepsin L and the fragment of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain was purified from human kidney. M(r) of the complex, as determined by gel filtration, is about 40,000. Both components were identified by amino acid and sequence analyses. The bound invariant chain fragment is almost identical to the additional segment found in p41, but not in the p31 form of the invariant chain. The complex has significantly enhanced stability at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, and reduced proteolytic activity against the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-MCA compared to free cathepsin L. The complex exhibits no enzymatic activity against the protein substrate azocasein. For the first time, the invariant chain was found in a complex with a protein, which was not an MHC molecule.
An adrenal mass with hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat (2023)

A 10-year-old spayed female cat presented to our hospital exhibiting symptoms of fatigue and a drooping head. Upon examination, the cat was diagnosed with hypokalemia and an enlarged right adrenal gland. Effective management of the hypokalemia was achieved through medication. However, during the course of follow-up, on day 646, the cat developed diabetes mellitus. Subsequently, on day 899, the cat displayed signs of hypertrophic osteopathy. The hypertrophic osteopathy exhibited a progressive course, and the cat died on follow-up day 1109. Although an autopsy was not conducted, the case was characterized by an adrenal tumor accompanied by multiple hormonal abnormalities.
A Matlab toolbox for real-time and control systems co-design (2003)

The paper presents a Matlab toolbox for simulation of real-time control systems. The basic idea is to simulate a real-time kernel in parallel with continuous plant dynamics. The toolbox allows the user to explore the timely behavior of control algorithms, and to study the interaction between the control tasks and the scheduler. From a research perspective, it also becomes possible to experiment with more flexible approaches to real-time control systems, such as feedback scheduling. The importance of a more unified approach for the design of real-time control systems is discussed. The implementation is described in some detail and a number of examples are given.
L-Band RFI as Experienced During Airborne Campaigns in Preparation for SMOS (2009)

In support of the European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, a number of soil moisture and sea salinity campaigns, including airborne L-band radiometer measurements, have been carried out. The radiometer used in this context is fully polarimetric and has built-in radio-frequency-interference (RFI)-detection capabilities. Thus, the instrument, in addition to supplying L-band data to the geophysicists, also gave valuable information about the RFI environment. Campaigns were carried out in Australia and in a variety of European locations, resulting in the largest and most comprehensive data set available for assessing RFI at L-band. This paper introduces the radiometer system and how it detects RFI using the kurtosis method, reports on the percentage of data that are typically flagged as being corrupted by RFI, and gives a hint about geographical distribution. Also, examples of polarimetric signatures are given, and the possibility of detecting RFI using such data is discussed.
Effects of the nucleoside analog 2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine on human cytomegalovirus replication (1984)

The nucleoside analog 2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine (2'NDG) effectively inhibits the replication of several laboratory and clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus. These isolates included viruses obtained from congenitally infected infants and patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The dose of 2'NDG that inhibited cytomegalovirus plaque formation ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 micrograms/ml. At 10 micrograms/ml, 2'NDG completely blocked the production of virus progeny but not the expression of immediate early and early virus gene functions. Cytomegalovirus DNA was not detectable in 2'NDG-treated virus-infected human embryo lung cells when assayed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. In contrast, the guanosine analog acyclovir at 100 micrograms/ml did not inhibit the production of virus or the synthesis of cytomegalovirus DNA. In virus-infected cells, 2'NDG and acyclovir at 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, inhibited the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and 32Pi into cellular DNA by ca. 50%. Uninfected human embryo lung cells grown in these concentrations of acyclovir or 2'NDG exhibited a slightly transient lag phase but, overall, cell growth was not retarded, and there was no decrease in cell viability. The extended lag in cell division was not due to inactivation or breakdown of the antiviral compounds but may be due in part to a temporary decrease in cellular DNA synthesis.
Nanodiamond as Promising Material for Bone Tissue Engineering (2009)

The adhesion, growth and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells were investigated in cultures grown on nanostructured nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films with either low surface roughness (rms of 8.2 nm) or hierarchically organized surfaces made of low roughness NCD films deposited on Si surfaces with the original microroughness (rms of 301.0 nm and 7.6 nm, respectively). The NCD films were grown using a microwave plasma-enhanced CVD method in an ellipsoidal cavity reactor. The films were treated in oxygen plasma to enhance the hydrophilic character of the diamond surface (water drop contact angle approx. 20 degrees). The samples were then sterilized by 70% ethanol, inserted into 12-well polystyrene multidishes (diameter 2.2 cm), seeded with human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (40,000 cells/dish, 10,530 cells/cm2) and incubated in 2 ml of DMEM medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. On day 3 after seeding, the cell numbers were significantly higher on the nanostructured NCD films (72,020 +/- 6540 cells/cm2) and also on the hierarchically micro- and nanostructured films (60200 +/- 6420 cells/cm2) than on the control polystyrene culture dish (40750 +/- 2,530 cells/cm2). The cells on hierarchically micro- and nanostructured diamond substrates also adhered over a significantly larger area (3730 +/- 180 microm2 compared to 2740 +/- 130 microm2 on polystyrene). The cell viability, measured by a LIVE/DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit, reached 98% to 100% on both types of NCD films. The XTT test showed that the cells on both nanodiamond layers had significantly higher metabolic activity than those on the control polystyrene dish (approx. 2 to 3 times). Immunofluorescence staining of the cells on both NCD films revealed talin-containing focal adhesion plaques and beta-actin filaments, well apparent particularly at the cell periphery, as well as the presence of considerable amounts of osteocalcin, i.e., a marker of osteogenic cell differentiation. These results suggest that nanocrystalline diamond films give good support for adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteogenic cells and could be used for surface modification of bone implants in order to improve their integration with the surrounding bone tissue.
Link-Based Characterization and Detection of Web Spam (2006)

We perform a statistical analysis of a large collection of Web pages, focusing on spam detection. We study several metrics such as degree correlations, number of neighbors, rank propagation through links, TrustRank and others to build several automatic web spam classifiers. This paper presents a study of the performance of each of these classifiers alone, as well as their combined performance. Using this approach we are able to detect 80.4% of the Web spam in our sample, with only 1.1% of false positives.