gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTONULLI"ULIJN MOS BRIDGE FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS (1991)

A self-contained prototype of an autonulling a.c. bridge based on phase-sensitive detection is discussed. The bridge nulling circuit uses an analog feedback network to establish a stable null for a wide range of resistive and capacitive values and requires minimal supporting hardware. Changes in resistance and capacitance in one arm of the bridge are compensated independently using a discrete voltage-variable resistor and capacitor in the alternate arm for nulling. The feedback voltage to the discrete control elements can be used to transduce signals from pressure, temperature or chemical sensors. This bridge is especially well suited for microfabrication and is readily compatible with silicon-based sensors. It offers high noise rejection due to the phase-sensitive measurement taken differentially across the bridge.
The design and prototyping of a lightweight crashworthy rail vehicle driver's cab (2011)

This paper describes the design, validation and prototyping of a lightweight crashworthy rail vehicle driver’s cab using advanced composite sandwich materials. By exploiting the lightweighting, energy absorption and design integration benefits of composites, an innovative modular cab structure was developed that provides significant savings in mass, cost and part count compared to conventional cab designs.
Sputtered high temperature thin film thermocouples (1993)

Thin film thermocouples have the advantage of extremely fast response (≤1 ms), low cost, and very fine spatial resolution. These capabilities have permitted measurements never before possible, such as the instantaneous temperature measurements of the inside surfaces of a diesel engine cylinder during operation. Although these type S platinum plus platinum 10% rhodium thermocouples are stable at the 900–1100 °C range, oxidation of rhodium can take place in the 600–800 °C range in air which lessens the thermoelectric potential of the positive element. We evaluated the effect of air exposures to high temperature thin film thermocouples and attempted to find solutions to the problem. We found that after 50 h at 750 °C the Seebeck coefficient of a platinum 10% rhodium element was reduced 50% compared to the as-sputtered condition. The reduction of Seebeck coefficient at 700 and 800 °C was also substantial. This reduction in Seebeck coefficient could be recovered by annealing the thin film at 900 °C. The degradation after 750 °C could be suppressed using a 1 μm sputtered aluminum oxide coating. The reversible behavior suggests the formation of Rh2O3 at 700–800 °C and its subsequent reduction at temperatures at which the free energy of formation is zero or positive. Microstructural evidence confirm these conclusions.
A single event latchup suppression technique for COTS CMOS ICs (2003)

Results are presented on technique using displacement damage from energetic ions to suppress single event latchup in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) CMOS integrated circuits. Ions implanted through the back of a thinned chip degrade the parasitic bipolar transistors causing latchup without degrading chip functionality or the parametrics of the chip.
Signaled receiver processing (2000)

Protocol processing of received packets in BSD Unix is interrupt-driven and may cause scheduling anomalies that are unacceptable in systems that provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We propose an alternative mechanism, Signaled Receiver Processing (SRP), that generates a signal to the receiving process when a packet arrives. The default action of this signal is to perform protocol processing asynchronously. However, a receiving process may catch, block, or ignore the signal and defer protocol processing until a subsequent receive call. In any case, protocol processing occurs in the context of the receiving process and is correctly charged. Therefore, SRP allows the system to enforce and honor QoS guarantees. SRP offers several advantages over Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP), a previous solution to BSD&apos;s scheduling anomalies: SRP is easily portable to systems that support neither kernel threads nor Resource Containers (e.g., FreeBSD); gives applications control over the scheduling of protocol processing; uses a demultiplexing strategy that is appropriate for both hosts and gateways; and easily enables real-time or proportional-share scheduling.
Nucleoside Analogs with Antiviral Activity against Yellow Fever Virus (2019)

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a human <i>Flavivirus</i> reemerging in parts of the world. While a vaccine is available, large outbreaks have recently occurred in Brazil and certain African countries. Development of an effective antiviral against YFV is crucial, as there is no available effective drug against YFV. We have identified several novel nucleoside analogs with potent antiviral activity against YFV with 50% effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) values between 0.25 and 1 μM with selectivity indices over 100 in culture.
A rare population of tumor antigen-specific CD4+CD8+ double-positive αβ T lymphocytes uniquely provide CD8-independent TCR genes for engineering therapeutic T cells (2019)

Together, our results indicate that the naturally occurring 19305DP-TCR derived from CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> double-positive αβ T cells, is a promising therapeutic TCR gene for effective and safe adoptive T-cell therapy in A*02<sup>+</sup> patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor.
The use of sarkosyl in generating soluble protein after bacterial expression. (1991)

Actin, like many other proteins, is highly insoluble after expression in Escherichia coli. In order to understand the origin of insoluble aggregates, we asked whether morphological inclusions were always correlated with insolubility. The strain expressing actin was compared to one that expresses part of the myosin tail; the latter strain yields soluble protein after various cell lysis or disruption procedures. Morphological inclusions were observed in both strains, indicating there is no obligate relationship between solubility and inclusions. Studies presented here suggest that extreme insolubility results from coaggregation of the actin with bacterial outer membrane components upon bacterial lysis. The properties of the outer membrane have been exploited in the development of nondenaturing procedures that yield soluble actin. One procedure involves the disruption of coaggregates with sarkosyl detergent (N-laurylsarcosine); another prevents the formation of coaggregates by lysing in the presence of sarkosyl. These methods may be useful for other proteins that become insoluble after bacterial expression.
Fuel-Cell Structure Prevents Membrane Drying (1986)

Embossed plates direct flows of reactants and coolant. Membrane-type fuel-cell battery has improved reactant flow and heat removal. Compact, lightweight battery produces high current and power without drying of membranes.
Application of a New Class of Chemical Tracers to Measure Oil Saturation in Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests (2013)

Abstract This paper introduces six new oil-water partitioning tracers suitable for use in oil reservoirs to estimate remaining oil saturation in inter-well regions. The tracers were tested in a field pilot in the Total-operated Lagrave field located in the South- West of France in 2011. The tests were successful for all six tracers. Measurement of remaining oil saturation in a near well region, using a single-well chemical tracer test (SWCTT) is commonly used in the oil industry. This method exploits the time lag of back-produced ester vs. hydrolysed alcohol. Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs), which can be used to assess inter-well oil saturation, are frequently used to investigate the presence and remediation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in aquifers. However PITTs are rare in the oil industry, with a few notable exceptions dating back to the 1990's. Consequently, few tracers are available for such tests in oil reservoirs. In addition, several of the tracers previously used were radio-labelled, which may restrict their application in many fields. Our main objective is therefore to expand the portfolio of environmentally acceptable partitioning tracers for PITT operations, and we present results from a field pilot where we successfully tested six new PITT tracers with oil-water partitioning coefficients ranging from 1.5 to 2.9. Lagrave is a relatively small carbonate field with fast injector-producer communications, which allows for relatively low- cost field qualification of partitioning tracers. Six partitioning tracers were injected in February 2011, together with a well-known non-partitioning tracer (2-FBA). The pilot area encloses one injector and three producers. Frequent sampling (2-3 times per week) yielded concise tracer response curves well-suited for estimation of remaining oil saturation. The response curves from the partitioning tracers were compared to the non-partitioning tracer to estimate saturations. The results are also compared with other reservoir data. The class of new partitioning water tracers enables testing of oil saturation in inter-well regions and may become a vital tool to investigate the potential for enhanced oil recovery and assess the effect of EOR measures. Outside the oil industry, the new tracers should also be useful for NAPL identification and evaluation of NAPL remediation processes.
Multi-wavelength photoplethysmography method for skin arterial pulse extraction (2016)

In this work, we present a multi-wavelength (MW) PPG method exploiting the wavelength dependence of light penetration in skin tissue to provide depth resolution of skin blood pulsation. The MW PPG system requires two to three light sources in different wavelengths and extracts the arterial blood pulsation through a multi-wavelength multi-layer light-skin interaction model, which removes the capillary pulsation (determined from the short-wavelength PPG signal) from the long-wavelength PPG signal using absorption weighting factors that are quasi-analytically calibrated. The extracted pulsations are used to calculate blood pressure (BP) through pulse transit time (PTT), and the results are compared with those obtained from the single wavelength PPG method. The comparative study is clinically performed on 20 subjects including 10 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and 10 healthy subjects. The result demonstrates that the MW PPG method significantly improves the measurement accuracy of systolic BP (SBP), reducing the mean absolute difference between the reference and the estimated SBP values from 5.7 mmHg (for single-wavelength PPG) to 2.9 mmHg (for three-wavelength PPG).
Thermodynamic Efficiency of Porous Glass Electroosmotic Pumps (2003)

This paper presents an analytical and experimental study of electroosmotic (EO) pumps designed to be integrated with two-phase microchannel heat exchangers with load capacities of order 100 W and greater. We have fabricated sintered glass EO pumps that provide maximum flow rates and pressure capacities 33 ml/min and 1.3 atm, respectively, at 100 V applied potentials. We have developed an analytical model to solve for electroosmotic flow rate, total pump current, and thermodynamic efficiency as a function of pump pressure load for these porous-structure EO pumps. The model uses a symmetric electrolyte approximation valid for the high zeta potential regime and numerically solves the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for charge distribution in the idealized pore geometry. The model also incorporates an approximate ionic-strength-dependent zeta potential formulation. The effects of pressure and flow rate on thermodynamic efficiency are also analyzed theoretically and compared to our measurements.
Driver Cell Phone Usage Detection from HOV/HOT NIR Images (2014)

Distracted driving due to cell phone usage is an increasingly costly problem in terms of lost lives and damaged property. Motivated by its impact on public safety and property, several state and federal governments have enacted regulations that prohibit driver mobile phone usage while driving. These regulations have created a need for cell phone usage detection for law enforcement. In this paper, we propose a computer vision based method for determining driver cell phone usage using a near infrared (NIR) camera system directed at the vehicle's front windshield. The developed method consists of two stages, first, we localize the driver's face region within the front windshield image using the deformable part model (DPM). Next, we utilize a local aggregation based image classification technique to classify a region of interest (ROI) around the drivers face to detect the cell phone usage. We propose two classification architectures by using full face and half face images for classification and compare their performance in terms of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. We also present a comparison of various local aggregation-based image classification methods using bag-of-visual-words (BOW), vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) and Fisher vectors (FV). A data set of 1500 images was collected on a public roadway and is used to perform the experiments.
Spare capacity as a means of fault detection and diagnosis in multiprocessor systems (1989)

A technique for detecting and diagnosing faults at the processor level in a multiprocessor system is described. A process is assigned whenever possible to two processors: the processor to which it would normally be assigned (primarily) and an additional processor that would otherwise be idle (secondary). Two strategies are described and analyzed: one that is preemptive and another that is nonpreemptive. It is shown that, for moderately loaded systems, a sufficient percentage of processes can be performed redundantly using the system's spare capacity to provide a basis for fault detection and diagnosis with virtually no degradation of response time. A multiprocessor that uses the approach for detecting faults at the processor loads is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiphase Digital Low-Dropout Regulators (2021)

In this work, multiphase digital low-dropout (MP-DLDO) regulators are designed with resonant rotary clocks (ReRoCs) in order to improve on the tradeoff of conventional DLDOs between current efficiency and transient response speed. The proposed DLDOs are multiphased, coined MP-DLDOs, designed with a clock-gated control technique to provide high current efficiencies along with transient response improvements at GHz frequency levels. The multiple phases within the MP-DLDO are served with ReRoCs that provide: 1) a robust high-speed low-power resonant clock distribution solution for the synchronous elements in the multiphase DLDO architecture and 2) improve the transient response characteristics [dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) speed and voltage ripple] while saving power in the controller circuitry. The proposed MP-DLDOs are distributed across the chip to achieve low voltage ripple. SPICE simulations are performed on post-layout, parasitic-extracted models to evaluate the MP-DLDO architecture on open-source digital cores, with performance metrics that include the voltage ripple reduction, transient response speed improvement, and power savings in the control logic. The proposed MP-DLDO architecture, evaluated on an RISC-V design, demonstrates a DVS speed of 6.5 V/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and an output voltage ripple of 21.1 mV (38% reduction when compared to a conventional DLDO) with a sampling frequency of 2 GHz.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Nanoprobe for High-Resolution, Non-Scanning Chemical Imaging (2006)

This work describes the development and demonstration of a non-scanning chemical imaging probe, capable of obtaining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) images of samples with which it is in direct contact. The SERS imaging arrays (i.e., nanoprobes) are used in a signal collection mode to obtain images by measuring as many as 30 000 individual sub-diffraction-limited locations on a sample's surface simultaneously. These SERS probes are fabricated from coherent fiber-optic imaging bundles, allowing for the formation of a highly ordered roughened metal surface, capable of providing uniform SERS enhancement (<2.0% relative standard deviation) across the entire imaging surface. These optimized SERS nanoprobes have potential application to a wide range of research fields from materials science to cellular biology.
A novel intra-cavity for efficient cascaded Raman generation using WDM couplers (2002)

A novel intra-cavity with a broadband spectral response is designed and demonstrated to deliver a 4th order Stokes cascaded Raman generation. A large transmission bandwidth of 295 nm is realized using the two WDM couplers. The results applied to a Raman fiber laser operating at 1706 nm wavelength using a 1313 nm pump source are reported.
Optimized XML-based Web service generation for service communication in restricted embedded environments (2011)

Embedded network programming remains a highly complex task for developers since unique characteristics of such networks have to be faced: one of them is the communication between a diversity of resource constraint nodes. Another one is the infrastructure dynamics. The widely-used standardized Web service technologies would perfectly meet such unique characteristics and ease the development of applications. Such technologies that enable, e.g., requesting or subscribing service data, however, process usually plain XML documents which are not suitable for small embedded devices with very limited resources. This is due to XML's verbosity, its bandwidth usage, and its associated processing overhead. The paper addresses these issues and describes an innovative and optimized source code generation technique by means of W3C's Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) format for developing XML-based Web services for the embedded domain. This offers developers a seamless use of the wide-spread service protocols in the embedded domain as well. Evaluation results based on the dataset from the ISO/IEC standardization of the vehicle to grid communication interface (V2G CI) prove the applicability of the generated XML-based Web services of restricted devices in terms of message size, performance, and code footprint.
Sharply bent hollow optical waveguides formed by an omni-directional reflector (2009)

In this work, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the air core bent optical waveguide composed of omni-directional reflectors on a silicon substrate. Amorphous silicon and silicon oxide are used for high index-contrast Bragg reflectors. The transmission efficiency of power for the bent optical waveguide with various bending angles of 1°–90° is calculated by the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method and the three-dimensional beam propagation method. The sample is measured using the end-butt method. The device exhibits a lower polarization dependent loss at the operation wavelength of 1550 nm.
Robot assisted real-time tumor manipulation for breast biopsy (2008)

Breast biopsy guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound is widely used to evaluate suspicious masses within the breast. The current procedure allows the physician to determine the location and extent of a tumor in the patient breast before inserting the needle. However, there are several problems with this procedure: the complex interaction dynamics between the needle force and the breast tissue will likely displace the tumor from its original position necessitating multiple insertions, causing surgeons' fatigue, patient's discomfort, and compromising the integrity of the tissue specimen. In this work, we present a new concept for real-time manipulation of a tumor using a robotic controller that monitors the image of the tumor to generate appropriate external force to position the tumor at a desired location. The idea here is to demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate a tumor in real-time by applying controlled external force in an automated way such that the tumor does not deviate from the path of the needle. A laboratory experiment has been presented on a phantom that demonstrates the essence of this concept. The success of this approach has the potential to reduce the number of attempts a surgeon makes to capture the desired tissue specimen, minimize tissue damage, improve speed of biopsy, and reduce patient discomfort.
In microfluidico: Recreating in vivo hemodynamics using miniaturized devices (2016)

Microfluidic devices create precisely controlled reactive blood flows and typically involve: (i) validated anticoagulation/pharmacology protocols, (ii) defined reactive surfaces, (iii) defined flow-transport regimes, and (iv) optical imaging. An 8-channel device can be run at constant flow rate or constant pressure drop for blood perfusion over a patterned collagen, collagen/kaolin, or collagen/tissue factor (TF) to measure platelet, thrombin, and fibrin dynamics during clot growth. A membrane-flow device delivers a constant flux of platelet agonists or coagulation enzymes into flowing blood. A trifurcated device sheaths a central blood flow on both sides with buffer, an ideal approach for on-chip recalcification of citrated blood or drug delivery. A side-view device allows clotting on a porous collagen/TF plug at constant pressure differential across the developing clot. The core-shell architecture of clots made in mouse models can be replicated in this device using human blood. For pathological flows, a stenosis device achieves shear rates of >100,000 s(-1) to drive plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) to form thick long fibers on collagen. Similarly, a micropost-impingement device creates extreme elongational and shear flows for VWF fiber formation without collagen. Overall, microfluidics are ideal for studies of clotting, bleeding, fibrin polymerization/fibrinolysis, cell/clot mechanics, adhesion, mechanobiology, and reaction-transport dynamics.
HMGI(Y) activation by chromosome 6p21 rearrangements in multilineage mesenchymal cells from pulmonary hamartoma. (1997)

The chromosome band 6p21 high-mobility group gene, HMGI(Y), encodes DNA-binding proteins with both chromatin structural and gene regulatory roles. Although HMGI(Y) expression is associated with neoplastic transformation, no oncogenic HMGI(Y) mutations have been identified. We report pulmonary chondroid hamartoma chromosome 6p21 aberrations targeting HMGI(Y). Several pulmonary chondroid hamartomas had chromosome rearrangements mapping within 100 kb of HMGI(Y), and one pulmonary chondroid hamartoma contained an intragenic fusion juxtaposing HMGI(Y) A.T book DNA-binding domains with a laminin alpha 4 chain epidermal-growth-factor-like/ zinc-finger-like motif. These findings demonstrate an oncogenic role for HMGI(Y) and for laminin chain transcriptional regulatory motifs.
Analysis of Rotational and Translational Movement of a Metallic Nanorod via Electric Fields (2005)

We derive a method to arbitrarily control the position and orientation of a micrometer sized metallic particle using dielectrophoretic manipulation with an array of electrodes. This technique can be extended for more than one particle.