gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Greatness and Smallness of Their Story: Australian War Correspondents in the Twentieth Century (2004)

This paper describes a current project which is investigating Australian war correspondents from the Boer to the Gulf Wars. The collective role of Australian war reporting has been largely untouched by historians. Our project examines the discourses that defined Australian soldiers and national identity; the extent of the war correspondent's influence on the public and how they shaped attitudes to war, allies, enemies and race and how correspondents contributed to the official version of events and how they deviated from these accounts. In our paper we address the following issues: In what ways did the press shape public perceptions of conflict? How did the nature of Australian war reporting change through the 20th Century? To what extent have Australian women journalists overcome barriers to practise as war correspondents? The following paper derives from the early stages of a project being conducted at the Australian Centre, University of Melbourne. The initial steps involve surveying archival, biographical and secondary sources on Australian correspondents who reported on major wars in the 20th Century. This survey is a preliminary to a complete study of Australian war reporting from the Boer to the Gulf Wars. We would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne.
Blue Combustion: Stoichiometric Hydrogen-Oxygen Combustion Under Humidified Conditions (2015)

The use of renewable energy sources raises the demand of fast and flexible storage techniques and fast power availability to ensure electrical grid stability. A promising storage approach is the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. The possibility of using a completely closed cycle of water, hydrogen and oxygen promises an attractive approach for high efficiency, zero emission energy storage. Since electrolysis can be carried out under high pressure, the compressor part of the gas turbine would be unnecessary, which is beneficial in terms of efficiency. Furthermore, high turbine pressure ratios, compared to typical gas turbine applications, can be reached easily. However, the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in gas turbines is a challenging task. Hydrogen and oxygen mixtures are extremely reactive and result in very high flame temperatures. In the present study the feasibility of steam-diluted combustion of hydrogen and oxygen at stoichiometric conditions is shown. A suitable combustor is developed and experimentally validated. The degree of humidity is varied systematically for stoichiometric hydrogen oxygen combustion. Flame shapes, temperature estimations and operating limits are compared and discussed.
Cleave and crimp fiber optic connector for field installation (1990)

Users and installers of fiber optic local area networks (LANs) and the telephone subscriber loop, markets that are starting to have a large impact on the sales of fiber optic connectors, are looking for connectors that are quick and easy to install and give the performance required for high data rate transmission. Conventional epoxy and polish connectors have the performance required, but they need a lengthy heat cure and a skillful polish to reach their potential. This paper describes a connector which overcomes these installation drawbacks. Developed specifically for field installation, this connector has a factory prepolished ferrule tip which allows a <2-min cleave and crimp installation with minimum skill, no epoxy, and no polish. Typical losses on multimode fiber are 0.3 dB with a 34-dB return loss.
The detection and elimination of useless misses in multiprocessors (1993)

In this paper we introduce a new classification of misses in shared-memory multiprocessors based on interprocessor communication. We identify the set of essential misses, i.e., the smallest set of misses necessary for correct execution. Essential misses include cold misses and true sharing misses. All other misses are useless misses and can be ignored without affecting the correctness of program execution. Based on the new classification we compare the effectiveness of five different protocols which delay and combine invalidations leading to useless misses. In cache-based systems the protocols are very effective and have miss rates close to the essential miss rate. In virtual shared memory systems the techniques are also effective but leave room for improvements.
Controlling Polymersome Surface Topology at the Nanoscale by Membrane Confined Polymer/Polymer Phase Separation (2011)

Nature has the exquisite ability to design specific surface patterns and topologies on both the macro- and nanolength scales that relate to precise functions. Following a biomimetic approach, we have engineered fully synthetic nanoparticles that are able to self-organize their surface into controlled domains. We focused on polymeric vesicles or "polymersomes"; enclosed membranes formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in water. Exploiting the intrinsic thermodynamic tendency of dissimilar polymers to undergo phase separation, we mixed different vesicle-forming block copolymers in various proportions in order to obtain a wide range of polymersomes with differing surface domains. Using a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy studies of micrometer-sized polymersomes, and electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy on nanometer-sized polymersomes, we find that the domains exhibit similar shapes on both the micro- and nanolength scales, with dimensions that are linearly proportional to the vesicle diameter. Finally, we demonstrate that such control over the surface "patchiness" of these polymersomes determines their cell internalization kinetics for live cells.
Manipulating political stock markets: A field experiment and a century of observational data (2006)

Political stock markets have a long history in the United States. Organized prediction markets for Presidential elections have operated on Wall Street (1880-1944), the Iowa Electronic Market (1988-present), and TradeSports (2001-present). Proponents claim such markets efficiently aggregate information and provide forecasts superior to polls. An important counterclaim is that such markets may be subject to manipulation by interested parties. We analyze this argument by studying alleged and actual speculative attacks- large trades, uninformed by fundamentals, intended to change prices- in these three markets. We first examine the historical Wall Street markets where political operatives from the contending parties actively and openly bet on city, state and national races; the record is rife with accusations that parties tried to boost their candidates through investments and wash bets. Next we report the results of a field experiment involving a series of planned, random investments-- accounting for two percent of total market volume-- in the Iowa Electronic Market in 2000. Finally, we investigate the speculative attacks on TradeSports market in 2004 when a single trader made a series of large investments in an apparent attempt to make one candidate appear stronger. In the cases studied here, the speculative attack initially moved prices, but these changes were quickly undone and prices returned close to their previous levels. We find little evidence that political stock markets can be systematically manipulated beyond short time periods.
Synthesis of benzhydryl 2.alpha.-(chloromethyl)-2.beta.-methyl-6,6-dihydropenam-3.alpha.-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide: the 2.alpha.-isomer of the potent .beta.-lactamase inhibitor, BL-P2013 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of benzhydryl 2.alpha.-(chloromethyl)-2.beta.-methyl-6,6-dihydropenam-3.alpha.-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide: the 2.alpha.-isomer of the potent .beta.-lactamase inhibitor, BL-P2013Samarendra N. Maiti, Paul Spevak, Kazuo Ogawa, and Ronald G. MicetichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 16, 3803–3807Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00251a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00251a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Paraphrasing for Style (2012)

We present initial investigation into the task of paraphrasing language while targeting a particular writing style. The plays of William Shakespeare and their modern translations are used as a testbed for evaluating paraphrase systems targeting a specific style of writing. We show that even with a relatively small amount of parallel training data, it is possible to learn paraphrase models which capture stylistic phenomena, and these models outperform baselines based on dictionaries and out-of-domain parallel text. In addition we present an initial investigation into automatic evaluation metrics for paraphrasing writing style. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work to investigate the task of paraphrasing text with the goal of targeting a specific style of writing.
Biophysical and biological evaluation of porphyrin-bisacridine conjugates. (1996)

Two novel porphyrin-bisacridine conjugates (1 and 2) were designed as bifunctional antitumour agents to combine the DNA-binding character of the acridines and the photosensitizing capacity of porphyrin, and have been subjected to biophysical and biological evaluation. The interactions of the conjugates with calf thymus DNA were evaluated using viscometric, spectrophotometric and stopped-flow sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sequestration methods. Both conjugates acted as bis-intercalators via the two acridine chromophores and displayed a longer residence time on DNA relative to the parent acridine ligand. Their biological activity in vitro was studied against the C6 rat glioma, MCF-7, GBM and A431 cell lines. Both conjugates were cytotoxic to all four cell lines. The ID50 (C6 glioma) was essentially the same as that of the parent acridine for one conjugate, but was increased 20-fold for the other, while both conjugates were approximately 10-fold more cytotoxic than the parent porphyrin component. The tissue distribution of the two conjugates was assessed in nude mice xenografted with a human small cell lung carcinoma (POVD). There were large differences in the tissue distribution of the two conjugates, with conjugate 2 localizing 8-fold more in the tumour than conjugate 1.
Investigation of Electrostatic Forces on Particle Deposition in a Test Chamber (2006)

Particle deposition under the influence of an electrostatic force is very common but is usually ignored as a factor in many indoor environments and controlled chamber studies. A new model accounting for Brownian and turbulent diffusion, inertia effect, Coulombic (field) and image forces has been formulated. Electrostaticenhanced deposition velocity was quantitatively investigated and compared with the experimental results. An experimental test chamber facility of 1.8m3 was designed to study particle deposition under the influences of electrostatic forces using monodisperse tracer particles in the size range of 3.5–9.0μm. The test sample surfaces were acetate sheet, plain smooth glass plate and thin copper coil. In another set of experiments, the surfaces were treated with commercial anti-electrostatic spray. The results reveal that deposition velocity onto the acetate sheet is significantly higher than that onto the plain glass and copper surfaces showing that the electrostatic attraction force must be taken into account. The key mechanism for deposition onto acetate sheet is by electrostatic attraction. Deposition onto the acetate sheet pre-treated with an anti-static spray shows deposition significantly reduced by 93%. The results also shows that glass surfaces should be first pre-treated to reduce static before deposition velocity measurements. By treating the glass surface with the spray, the deposition velocity was reduced by 68%. A similar reduction was observed for copper foil samples.
Beam characterization of a materials processing CO{sub 2} laser (1996)

Characterization of the propagation and focusing ability of a laser beam is essential in laser materials processing applications. This characterization is of particular importance in processes such as laser drilling and melting of metals. Here, the propagation of focused laser radiation has been characterized for 12 lenses using the laser propagation equation, yielding measurements of beam quality, spot size, and depth of focus. The beam quality of the laser places an intrinsic limit on the minimum focused spot size and was found to be M{sup 2} = 1.5 {+-} 0.09 (M{sup 2} = 1.0 corresponds to an ideal beam) for the 1,200-W CW CO{sub 2} laser used in this study. As the lens focal length was decreased, measured values of spot size and M{sup 2} were significantly increased over the values predicted for aberration-free lenses. This increase is believed to be due to spherical aberration introduced by the lenses. It was also found that at short focal lengths, aspheric lenses produce better results than planoconvex, meniscus, or diffractive lenses, at a laser power of 300 W. Equations were determined that accurately predict beam quality, spot size, and depth of focus under the influence of spherical aberration.
Supreme court denies extension of federal regulation of natural gas producers (1980)

Federal regulation of the natural gas industry is discussed. Division of interest in Congress has prevented an effective resolution of natural gas problems. Federal agencies have pushed their authority to and beyond statutory limits. Lower federal courts and the supreme court have been left to decide important questions of energy policy for the nation. The case of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) vs Shell Oil Company is presented. The FERC was limited in its jurisdiction by the Fifth Circuit Court from imposing a federal prudent operating standards. Since each gas producing state has developed a body of law defining prudent operator standard, the court's decision was upheld by the Supreme Court. The history of the FERC's regulatory power over the natural gas industry is discussed. (DC)
Inhibition of antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity by homologous restriction factor incorporated into target cell membranes. (1987)

The 65 kD homologous restriction factor (HRF) was isolated from normal human erythrocytes (E) by immunoadsorption using rabbit anti-human HRF. The protein was radiolabeled and incorporated into the membrane of sheep erythrocytes (Es). Es bearing HRF exhibited a markedly reduced susceptibility to reactive lysis by C5b-9. Es-HRF with 1,000-3,000 HRF molecules per cell and sensitized with rabbit IgG anti-Es also were less susceptible to lysis by human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) than untreated Es sensitized with IgG antibody. Similarly, human E of a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), lacking HRF and sensitized with IgG antibody underwent lysis by human LGL. Lysis was abrogated by incorporation of isolated human HRF. Incorporation of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) into sensitized Es had no effect on antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, lysis of Es by the isolated cytolytic C9-related protein (C9RP) of human cytotoxic lymphocytes could be inhibited by cell bound human HRF. These results suggest that HRF inhibits channel formation not only by C5b-9, but also by cytotoxic lymphocytes.
A Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tear in a Patient With Angioid Streaks (1990)

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears have been described most frequently in patients with age-related macular degeneration. The tears may also occur after laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membranes or RPE detachments.<sup>1</sup>They may be associated with exudative choroidal detachments, glaucoma filtering procedures,<sup>2</sup>asymptomatic chorioretinal scars, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.<sup>3</sup>We describe herein the first report, to our knowledge, of an RPE tear in a patient with angioid streaks. See also pp 1687, 1694 and 1770. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 50-year-old hypertensive black man presented to the University of Illinois Hospital Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, complaining of bilateral, painless, progressive loss of vision. He had a 10-year history of poor visual acuity in his left eye following blunt orbital trauma, but had noted a recent decrease. Best corrected visual acuities were 20/200 OD and 20/300 OS. The anterior segment examination showed mild meibomian gland plugging and early nuclear
Metabolism of Cisplatin to a Nephrotoxin in Proximal Tubule Cells (2003)

Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, is nephrotoxic. The mechanism by which cisplatin selectively kills the proximal tubule cells was heretofore unknown. Recent studies in mice and rats have shown that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin can be blocked by acivicin or (aminooxy)acetic acid, the same enzyme inhibitors that block the metabolic activation of a series of nephrotoxic halogenated alkenes. In this study, it was hypothesized that cisplatin is activated in the kidney to a toxic metabolite through the same pathway that has been shown to activate the halogenated alkenes. This activation begins with the formation of a glutathione-conjugate that is metabolized to a cysteinyl-glycine-conjugate, to a cysteine-conjugate, and finally to a reactive thiol. In this study, a protocol was developed in which confluent monolayers of LLC-PK(1) cells were exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of cisplatin or cisplatin-conjugate for 3 h. Cell viability was assayed at 72 h. The role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase in the metabolism of each of the cisplatin-conjugates was investigated. Pre-incubation of cisplatin with glutathione, cysteinyl-glycine, or N-acetyl-cysteine to allow for the spontaneous formation of cisplatin-conjugates increased the toxicity of cisplatin toward LLC-PK(1) cells. Inhibition of GGT activity showed that GGT was necessary only for the toxicity of the cisplatin-glutathione-conjugate. Inhibition of cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase reduced the toxicity of each of the cisplatin-conjugates. These data demonstrate that metabolism of cisplatin in proximal tubule cells is required for its nephrotoxicity. The elucidation of this pathway provides new targets for the inhibition of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
KINETICS OF SULFATE CONVERSION TO ELEMENTAL SULFUR BY A BACTERIAL MUTUALISM: A HYDROMETALLURGICAL APPLICATION (1978)

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Noisy Parallel Approximate Decoding for Conditional Recurrent Language Model (2016)

Recent advances in conditional recurrent language modelling have mainly focused on network architectures (e.g., attention mechanism), learning algorithms (e.g., scheduled sampling and sequence-level training) and novel applications (e.g., image/video description generation, speech recognition, etc.) On the other hand, we notice that decoding algorithms/strategies have not been investigated as much, and it has become standard to use greedy or beam search. In this paper, we propose a novel decoding strategy motivated by an earlier observation that nonlinear hidden layers of a deep neural network stretch the data manifold. The proposed strategy is embarrassingly parallelizable without any communication overhead, while improving an existing decoding algorithm. We extensively evaluate it with attention-based neural machine translation on the task of En->Cz translation.
LES DROITS PATRIMONIAUX DU CONJOINT SURVIVANT ET LA MASSE SUCCESSORALE (2003)

Section 2 Partage de la masse successorale 1. Maintien de l'indivision successorale 2. Attributions prfrentielles 2.1 La rsidence familiale et les meubles 2.2 Les autres biens sujets attribution prfrentielle 3. Demandes opposant le conjoint survivant et un hritier Conclusion
Quantitative differences in volatiles from healthy mouths and mouths with periodontitis. (1981)

It has been suggested that orally derived volatile aromatic amines may be of possible diagnostic use and may contribute to the etiology or pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we identified and quantitated pyridine and picolines in the headspace of incubated whole saliva from healthy and diseased subjects. The oral health of subjects was evaluated by four standard oral-health indices. Volatile aromatic amines were virtually absent from subjects with healthy oral cavities, but were present in the oral cavities of subjects with periodontitis to the extent of 636.4 (SEM 154.7) ng/5 mL of saliva. Pyridine and picolines in saliva of diseased subjects may be related to the disease process.
Active-site-directed inhibition of .alpha.-chymotrypsin by deaminatively produced carbonium ions: an example of suicide or enzyme-activated-substrate inhibition (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive-site-directed inhibition of .alpha.-chymotrypsin by deaminatively produced carbonium ions: an example of suicide or enzyme-activated-substrate inhibitionEmil H. White, Lynn W. Jelinski, Ieva R. Politzer, Bruce R. Branchini, and David F. RoswellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 14, 4231–4239Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a043Request reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts