gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cost-effective scan architecture for scan testing with non-scan test power and test application cost (2003)

A new scan architecture is proposed for full scan designed circuits. Scan flip-flops are grouped together if they do not have any common successors. This technique produces no new redundant faults. Scan flip-flops in the same group have the same values in all test vectors. All scan flip-flop groups form a scan forest, where each primary input drives the root of one scan tree. Test application time and test power based on the proposed scan forest architecture can be reduced drastically while pin overhead and delay overhead should be the same as that of conventional scan design. It is shown that test application cost and test power with the proposed scan forest architecture can be reduced to the level of non-scan design circuits.
Analysis of Selective Resinite Flotation from Wasatch Plateau Coal by pH Control (1993)

Abstract It has been found that selective resinite flotation from Wasatch Plateau coal can be achieved at high pH. For example, a high grade resin concentrate (>70% resin) was obtained at an excellent recovery (>90%) by single-stage flotation above pH 12 from a feed containing only 7.2% resin. This rougher concentrate was then cleaned to produce a cleaner concentrate containing >90% resin. The flotation results thus obtained by pH control can be explained to be due to: (1) improved dispersion of the resinite/coal suspension as evidenced by microscopic observation, electrokinetic behavior, and sedimentation phenomena: and (2) improved depression of coal particles; their hydrophilic state being stabilized by surface precipitation and/or adsorption of calcium species at higher pH values as determined by FTIR and XPS spectroscopic analysis. Key words: pHFlotationResiniteCoalSurface HydrophobicityPrecipitation
High Dynamic Range Video Coding Technology in Responses to the Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression With Capability Beyond HEVC (2019)

The ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group issued a Call for Proposals (CfP) on video compression with capability beyond HEVC in October 2017. The CfP considered three categories of content - Standard Dynamic Range, High Dynamic Range and Wide Colour Gamut (HDR/WCG), and 360° Omni-directional video. As a result of the CfP process, the development of a new video coding standard, named Versatile Video Coding (VVC), was initiated. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the CfP responses for the HDR/WCG category. The paper includes a summary of work leading to the development of the CfP, a presentation of the CfP results for the HDR/WCG category, and a description of the specific HDR/WCG technologies submitted to the CfP.
Substrate Specificity and Kinetic Studies of PADs 1, 3, and 4 Identify Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Deiminase 3 (2010)

Protein citrullination has been shown to regulate numerous physiological pathways (e.g., the innate immune response and gene transcription) and is, when dysregulated, known to be associated with numerous human diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. This modification, also termed deimination, is catalyzed by a group of enzymes called the protein arginine deiminases (PADs). In mammals, there are five PAD family members (i.e., PADs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) that exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns and vary in their subcellular localization. The kinetic characterization of PAD4 was recently reported, and these efforts guided the development of the two most potent PAD4 inhibitors (i.e., F- and Cl-amidine) known to date. In addition to being potent PAD4 inhibitors, we show here that Cl-amidine also exhibits a strong inhibitory effect against PADs 1 and 3, thus indicating its utility as a pan PAD inhibitor. Given the increasing number of diseases in which dysregulated PAD activity has been implicated, the development of PAD-selective inhibitors is of paramount importance. To aid that goal, we characterized the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity of PADs 1 and 3. Herein, we report the results of these studies, which suggest that, like PAD4, PADs 1 and 3 employ a reverse protonation mechanism. Additionally, the substrate specificity studies provided critical information that aided the identification of PAD3-selective inhibitors. These compounds, denoted F4- and Cl4-amidine, are the most potent PAD3 inhibitors ever described.
Spatial Mapping of Droplet Velocity and Size for Direct and Indirect Nebulization in Plasma Spectrometry (2004)

Two novel laser-based imaging techniques centered on particle image velocimetry and optical patternation are used to map and contrast the size and velocity distributions for indirect and direct pneumatic nebulizations in plasma spectrometry. The flow field of droplets is illuminated by two pulses from a thin laser sheet with a known time difference. The scattering of the laser light from droplets is captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD), providing two instantaneous images of the particles. Pointwise cross-correlation of the corresponding images yields a two-dimensional velocity map of the aerosol velocity field. For droplet size distribution studies, the solution is doped with a fluorescent dye and both laser-induced florescence (LIF) and Mie scattering images are captured simultaneously by two CCDs with the same field of view. The ratio of the LIF/Mie images provides relative droplet size information, which is then scaled by a point calibration method via a phase Doppler particle analyzer. Two major findings are realized for three nebulization systems: (1) a direct injection high-efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN); (2) a large-bore DIHEN; and (3) a PFA microflow nebulizer with a PFA Scott-type spray chamber. First, the central region of the aerosol cone from the direct injection nebulizers and the nebulizer-spray chamber arrangement consists of fast (>13 and >8 m/s, respectively) and fine (<10 and <5 microm, respectively) droplets as compared to slow (<4 m/s) and large (>25 microm) droplets in the fringes. Second, the spray chamber acts as a momentum separator, rather than a droplet size selector, as it removes droplets having larger sizes or velocities. The concepts and results presented in this research may be used to develop smart-tunable nebulizers, for example, by using the measured momentum as a feedback control for adjusting the nebulizer, i.e., its operating conditions, its critical dimensions, or both.
Gnomon: Decentralized Identifiers for Securing 5G Iot Device Registration and Software Update (2019)

Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) are a new class of cryptographically secure identifier that does not require a centralized trust anchor for attesting to the validity of keying material. DIDs are based on distributed ledger (blockchain) technology and allow the entity itself to manage its own identifier, hence the name "self-sovereign" which is often applied to them. In this paper, we describe Gnomon, a system that uses DIDs to securely register 5G IoT devices and install firmware/software into the device. Gnomon is designed to avoid the kind of difficulties that plague current technology, which is largely based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and X.509 public key certificates. After a short introduction, we review current practice and briefly describe DIDs and verifiable credentials, a mechanism based on DIDs to securely assert information about the identified entity. We then describe the architecture of Gnomon and a prototype we built, based on the ION DID scheme, for applying DIDs and verifiable credentials to 5G IoT device registration and software installation.
Active Damping of Fuel Slosh Using a Hybrid Magneto-Active Propellant Management Device (2016)

Sloshing of liquid upon the application of an external force is a natural phenomenon as the free surface is allowed to move without any constraints. When the liquid is contained within the walls of a container, such as a fuel tank of a car, oil tanker ship, or even a rocket propellant, this free surface effect can prove to have adverse effects on the carrier. Study of slosh is an ongoing research for many decades and many novel inventions in Propellant Management Devices such as the rigid baffles and elastomeric membranes have been implemented to counteract the free surface effect in both passive and active manner. The main focus of this research is to develop and test the hybrid active membrane in reducing the free surface effect in slosh. This paper discusses the selection of materials for developing the hybrid active membrane. In order to validate the concept, design and modal analysis of the membrane matrix is performed computationally using Finite Element analysis and Fluid Structure Interaction is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics.
DRC Plus: augmenting standard DRC with pattern matching on 2D geometries (2007)

Design rule constraints (DRC) are the industry workhorse for constraining design to ensure both physical and electrical manufacturability. However, as technology processes continue to shrink and aggressive resolution enhancement technologies (RET) and optical proximity correction (OPC) are applied, standard DRC sometimes fails to fully capture the concept of design manufacturability. Consequently, some DRC-clean layout designs are found to be difficult to manufacture. Attempts have been made to "patch up" standard DRC with additional rules to identify these specific problematic cases. However, due to the lack of specificity with DRC, these efforts often meet with mixed-success. Although it typically resolves the issue at hand, quite often, it is the enforcement of some DRC rule that causes other problematic geometries to be generated, as designers attempt to meet all the constraints given to them. In effect, designers meet the letter of the law, as defined by the DRC implementation code, without understanding the "spirit of the rule". This leads to more exceptional cases being added to the DRC manual, further increasing its complexity. DRC Plus adopts a different approach. It augments standard DRC by applying fast 2D pattern matching to design layout to identify problematic 2D configurations which are difficult to manufacture. The tool then returns specific feedback to designers on how to resolve these issues. This basic approach offers several advantages over other DFM techniques: It is enforceable, it offers a simple pass/no-pass criterion, it is simple to document as part of the design manual, it does not require compute intensive simulations, and it does not require highly-accurate lithographic models that may not be available during design. These advantages allow DRC Plus to be inserted early in the design flow, and enforced in conjunction with standard DRC.
Acute homeostatic changes following Vitamin D2 supplementation (2017)

Changes after vitamin D2 supplementation involve acute rise in serum DBP and 24,25D, both of which may attenuate the rise in bioavailable 25D and 1,25D.
A folded floating-gate differential pair for low-voltage applications (2002)

the author presents a new folded differential pair topology that is suitable for low-voltage applications. The new differential pair is made from floating-gate MOS (FGMOS) transistors and simultaneously provides a rail-to-rail common-mode input voltage range with a high rejection of the common-mode input voltage by keeping the sum of the two output currents fixed. Moreover, when biased in weak or moderate inversion, the allowable output voltage swing is also almost from rail-to-rail. The author discusses the operation of the circuit and some of the trade-offs involved in its design. He also shows experimental measurements from a version of the circuit, operating on a single 1.8 V power supply, that was breadboarded from transistors fabricated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m double-poly n-well CMOS process.
<title>Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing periodontal disease</title> (1997)

We have, in this preliminary study, investigated the use of optical coherence tomography for diagnosis of periodontal disease. We took in vitro OCT images of the dental and periodontal tissues from a young pig and compared them to histological sections. These images distinguish tooth and soft tissue relationships that are important in diagnosing and assessing periodontal disease. We have imaged the attachment of gingiva to the tooth surface and located the cemento-enamel junction. This junction is an important reference point for defining attachment level in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. the boundary between enamel and dentin is also visible for most of the length of the anatomical crown, allowing quantitation of enamel thickness and character.
Spiral tearing of thin films (2013)

Controlling the fracture propagation in a film is an important element in the design of better packaging seals that must resist handling and yet provide a tearing mechanism for easy opening. Here we show that under simple initial setup conditions a divergent tear can be obtained that follows the path of a logarithmic spiral over two decades in length scale. We study the general rules leading to the “spiral growth” of a tear and connect its geometry to the specific material properties of the film.
Understanding and Designing Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Separations in Gas Mixtures (2004)

Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has significant potential for post-ionization separations in conjunction with MS analyses. FAIMS fractionates ion mixtures by exploiting the fact that ion mobilities in gases depend on the electric field in a manner specific to each ion. Nearly all previous work has used pure gases, for which FAIMS fundamentals are understood reasonably well; however, unexpected phenomena observed in some gas mixtures (e.g., N(2)/CO(2)) but not in others (N(2)/O(2)) remain unexplained. Here, we introduce and experimentally test a universal model for FAIMS separations in mixtures, derived from formalisms that determine high-field mobilities in heteromolecular gases. Overall, the theoretical findings are consistent with data for N(2)/CO(2) (although quantitative discrepancies remain), while results for N(2)/O(2) fit Blanc's law, in agreement with measurements. Calculations for He/N(2) and He/CO(2) are also consistent with observations and suggest why adding He to the working gas generally enhances FAIMS performance. As predicted, mixtures of gases with extremely disparate molecular masses and collision cross sections, such as He/SF(6), exhibit spectacular non-Blanc effects, which greatly improve the resolution and peak capacity of technique. Understanding FAIMS operation in gas mixtures is expected to enable the rational design of media for both targeted and global analyses.
CT-video registration accuracy for virtual guidance of bronchoscopy (2004)

Bronchoscopic biopsy is often used for assisting the assessment of lung cancer. We have found in previous research that live image guidance of bronchoscopy has much potential for improving biopsy outcome. We have devised a system for this purpose. During a guided bronchoscopy procedure, our system simultaneously draws upon both the bronchoscope's video stream and the patient's 3D MDCT volume. The key data-processing step during guided bronchoscopy is the registration of the 3D MDCT data volume to the bronchoscopic video. The registration process is initialized by assuming that the bronchoscope is at a fixed viewpoint, giving a target reference video image, while the virtual-world camera inside the MDCT volume begins at an initial viewpoint that is within a reasonable vicinity of the bronchoscope's viewpoint. During registration, an optimization process searches for the optimal viewpoint to give the virtual image best matching the fixed video target. Overall, we have found that the CT-video registration technique operates robustly over a wide range of conditions, with considerable flexibility in the initial-viewpoint choice. Further, the system appears to be largely insensitive to the differences in lung capacity during the MDCT scan and during bronchoscopy. Finally, the system matches effectively in a wide range of anatomical circumstances.
Competitive inhibitors of renin. Inhibitors effective at physiological pH (1975)

Previously we reported the development of competitive inhibitors of renin effective at pH 5.5 (Poulsen, K., Burton, J., and Haber, E. (1973), Biochemistry 12, 3877). At physiologic pH (7.5), the inhibitory constants (Ki) increased and solubility decreased to the point that inhibition could not be demonstrated with these peptides. Modification of the octapeptide sequence, His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr, either by addition of serinol to the carboxyl terminus or by replacement of valine-7 with an isosteric threonyl residue failed to yield peptides active at pH 7.5. Attachment of polyproline sequences to the amino terminus increased solubility from threefold to tenfold and decreased Ki so that competitive inhibition was demonstrable at physiologic pH. In addition, if leucine-6 was replaced in these peptides with a phenylalanyl or tyrosyl residue, Ki decreased (3-12 muM) to give effective competitive inhibitors at physiologic pH in both buffer and in plasma.
Spontaneous and induced herpesvirus genome expression in Marek's disease tumor cell lines (1981)

We incubated 31 newly established Marek's disease tumor cell lines at 41 degrees C for 48 h after subculturing and then examined them to determine the spontaneous rates of expression of viral internal antigen(s), viral membrane antigen(s), and virus isolation. All but two of the lines were isolated from tumors induced by clone-purified Marek's disease virus strain JM-10, GA-5, RB-1B, and BC-1A in nine different genetic strains of chickens with defined histocompatibility antigens. The line-to-line variations in the rates of spontaneous expression for the antigens or virus rescue were great, but the levels of expression were very low in most cases. The median rates of expression for viral internal antigen, viral membrane antigen, and virus isolation were 32, 8, and 2 positive cells per 10(5) cells, respectively (ranges, 0 to 20,280, 0 to 22,990, and 0 to 220 positive cells per 10(5) cells, respectively). The ratio of viral internal antigen expression to virus isolation was extremely variable and often high, whereas the ratio of viral internal antigen to viral membrane antigen expression was more consistent and generally low. The virus strain which induced the cell line influenced the level of virus genome expression, but the cell genotype did not. Cell lines transformed by JM-10 virus, which exhibited low oncogenicity, had significantly (p less than 0.01) higher rates of expression than cell lines transformed by CA-5 and RB-1B viruses, which exhibited high oncogenicity. Treatment with iododeoxyuridine or incubation at 37 degrees C induced increased rates of expression in most lines but not in all lines. The degree of enhanced expression was inversely proportional to the rate of spontaneous expression.
Si/SiGe HBT technology for low-cost monolithic microwave integrated circuits (2002)

This silicon-based microwave integrated-circuit technology is suitable for implementation of high-performance low-cost active circuits from 5-25 GHz. This technology promises to dramatically reduce the cost of microwave integrated circuit technology by utilizing manufacturable, high-yield, silicon IC processing, and at the same time enable more highly integrated implementations of microwave transceiver components. A variety of microwave integrated circuits implemented in this technology include mixers, frequency dividers, amplifiers and VCOs, demonstrating feasibility of silicon integrated circuit technology for implementation of low-cost integrated circuits in the upper microwave spectrum.
Adhesives: Biomimetic Bidirectional Switchable Adhesive Inspired by the Gecko (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2014) (2014)

Nature has proven to be a tremendous resource in the development of new technologies with exceptional properties. With inspiration taken from the Tokay gecko, N. S. Pesika and co-workers create a bidirectional switchable dry adhesive with properties reminiscent of the natural gecko adhesive pad. On page 574 the researchers demonstrate how their design opens the way for new gecko-like adhesive surfaces and articulation mechanisms that do not rely on intensive nanofabrication.
Explicit Maximally Recoverable Codes with Locality (2013)

Consider a systematic linear code where some (local) parity symbols depend on few prescribed symbols, while other (heavy) parity symbols may depend on all data symbols. Local parities allow to quickly recover any single symbol when it is erased, while heavy parities provide tolerance to a large number of simultaneous erasures. A code as above is maximally-recoverable if it corrects all erasure patterns which are information theoretically recoverable given the code topology. In this paper we present explicit families of maximally-recoverable codes with locality. We also initiate the study of the trade-off between maximal recoverability and alphabet size.
Aerodynamically shaped vortex generators (2015)

Abstract An aerodynamically shaped vortex generator has been proposed, manufactured and tested in a wind tunnel. The effect on the overall performance when applied on a thick airfoil is an increased lift to drag ratio compared with standard vortex generators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet based analysis of physiological signals for prediction of severity of hemorrhagic shock (2009)

Rapid detection and treatment of hemorrhagic injuries are important factors in decreasing mortality in the battlefield and civilian trauma settings. In this study, novel features based on discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) were used to analyze physiological signals for prediction of central hypovolemia severity in humans. These features were defined based on approximate and detailed DWT coefficients extracted from physiological signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and thoracic impedance (IZT and DZT) signals, collected on healthy humans exposed to a hemorrhage model called lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The LBNP protocol consisted of applying 0, -15, -30, -45, -60, -70 mm Hg pressure to the lower half of the body, for 5 minutes at each stage. These LBNP levels were divided into three classes: mild, moderate, and severe. Machine learning algorithms were applied to predict the severity of blood loss based on the features extracted from the physiological signals. One of the objectives of this study was to compare the utility of using multiple physiological signals in prediction of the severity of hypovolemia as opposed to only using ECG. The classification results indicate that SVM has the highest accuracy at 82%. SVM's average precision and recall for all three classes are 79.2% and 79.8%, respectively. This shows that the wavelet-based method using multiple signals has the ability of rapidly determining the degree of volume loss, providing a potential tool for real-time remote triage and decision making in victims of trauma.