gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Novel Class of Glucose Transporter Inhibitors (2012)

On the basis of our finding that the antitumor effect of 5-{4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione, a thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist, was, in part, attributable to its ability to block glucose uptake independently of PPARγ, we used its PPARγ-inactive analogue to develop a novel class of glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors. This lead optimization led to compound 30 {5-(4-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)-3-[4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)butyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione} as the optimal agent, which exhibited high antitumor potency through the suppression of glucose uptake (IC(50), 2.5 μM), while not cytotoxic to prostate and mammary epithelial cells. This glucose uptake inhibition was associated with the inhibition of GLUT1 (IC(50), 2 μM). Moreover, the mechanism of antitumor action of compound 30 was validated by its effect on a series of energy restriction-associated cellular responses. Homology modeling analysis suggests that the inhibitory effect of compound 30 on glucose entry was attributable to its ability to bind to the GLUT1 channel at a site distinct from that of glucose.
Trainable optically programmed neural network (1992)

The use of a two-dimensional photoconductive sensor array that is coupled with a liquid-crystal display is examined as a basis for the hardware implementation of neural network architectures. An array of 128 x 128 amorphous-silicon photoconductors of lateral geometry is fabricated and mated to a liquid-crystal device, the latter of which is used to optically program the conductances of the sensor array. Implementation of a three-layer perceptron network that uses the combined sensor and display devices is described. As an example of its operation, the system is trained to recognize images of numeric characters, with excellent results.
Plasmonics-enhanced and optically modulated delivery of gold nanostars into brain tumor (2014)

Plasmonics-active gold nanostars exhibiting strong imaging contrast and efficient photothermal transduction were synthesized for a novel pulsed laser-modulated plasmonics-enhanced brain tumor microvascular permeabilization. We demonstrate a selective, optically modulated delivery of nanoprobes into the tumor parenchyma with minimal off-target distribution.
Fusion of image block adjustments for the generation of a ground control network (2007)

This paper presents a methodology and supporting fusion algorithm for efficient, sequential, and optimal generation of a ground control network from image block adjustments over an area of interest. Image blocks contain overlapping images (ground footprints) generated from airborne and space-borne sensors, and measurements of ground points in those images. Image block adjustments are ubiquitous in the image geopositioning community and solve for improved image support data (sensor position, attitude, etc.) and geocoordinates of the ground points. The generated ground control network includes the geolocation of the control (aka fiducial and landmark) points and corresponding multi-ground point error covariance or its high-fidelity representation. Experimental results based on simulated data are also presented.
Relation of conformation to antitumor activity of platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine isomers against leukemia P388 (1981)

The antitumor activity of various platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine isomers against leukemia P388 was evaluated by means of the platinum analogue study protocol recommended by the National Cancer Institute. For the former complexes, trans isomers are more efficacious than the corresponding cis isomers. For the latter complexes, cis isomers seem to be somewhat more active than trans isomers. 2-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine platinum complexes exhibited higher activity than 1,2-cyclohexanediamine complexes in this tumor system. These findings encouraged us to determine the structural differences between 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes. Their structures of platinum complexes were elucidated from circular dichroism and 13C NMR spectral analyses, and it has been concluded that the cyclohexane ring of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediamine is nearly perpendicular to the chelate ring, while both rings of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and trans-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes lie in a common plane. The structure of cis-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes is flexible, and the cyclohexane ring is not perpendicular to the chelate ring. The coplanarity of trans isomers and the flexibility of cis-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes allow them easy approach to the target DNA. However, the perpendicular ring of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediamine complexes would prevent their interactions with dna molecules due to the steric hindrance.
High peak power (2.2 W) superlattice quantum cascadelaser (2001)

The improved optical power performance of superlattice quantum cascade lasers with a novel injector design allowing the tunnelling of electrons into high energy states of the excited miniband is reported. At 8.4 µm and temperatures ≤ 120 K, peak powers > 2 W per facet are measured, corresponding to a record power of 88 mW/stage. A slope efficiency of 160 mW/A over a current range six times larger than the laser threshold is observed.
Crosslinked poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide) gel for electrophoretic separation and recovery of substances (1994)

Abstract Crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel was tested on the feasibility for a preparative electrophoretic matrix. Horse heart myoglobin and bovine hemoglobin were well separated on the gel matrix electrophoretically by molecular sieving effect of the gel network. Relative mobilities of those proteins in the gel were larger than those in a crosslinked polyacrylamide gel of the same polymer concentration. After the separation, the protein‐containing portion of the gel underwent swelling at 4°C and deswelling at 37°C, alternatively. As a result of the deswelling, each protein was recovered in a discharged solution out of the gel at almost 100% yield.
A printed antenna beam former implemented using tensor transmission-line metamaterials (2014)

This paper presents the implementation of an antenna beam former using tensor transmission-line (TL) metamaterials. Unit cells exhibiting both isotropic and anisotropic effective material parameters are utilized in the design. The beam former produces a uniform power density and a uniform phase profile at its output. The device includes a printed beam former, an antenna flare and seven feeds. The designed antenna beam former has planar input/output faces and has dimensions 2.97λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×5.94λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the operating frequency of 8.25 GHz. Measurement results show that the beam former exhibits a scan capability between -33° and +33°, a gain of 8.55 dB, and HPBW of 11.70°.
Quantum cryptography for secure free-space communications (1999)

The secure distribution of the secret random bit sequences known as key material, is an essential precursor to their use for the encryption and decryption of confidential communications. Quantum cryptography is a new technique for secure key distribution with single-photon transmissions: Heisenberg`s uncertainty principle ensures that an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). The authors have developed experimental quantum cryptography systems based on the transmission of non-orthogonal photon polarization states to generate shared key material over line-of-sight optical links. Key material is built up using the transmission of a single-photon per bit of an initial secret random sequence. A quantum-mechanically random subset of this sequence is identified, becoming the key material after a data reconciliation stage with the sender. The authors have developed and tested a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system over an outdoor optical path of {approximately}1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that free-space QKD can provide secure real-time key distribution between parties who have a need to communicate secretly. Finally, they examine the feasibility of surface to satellite QKD.
0.4 mJ THz Pulses by Optical Rectification (2014)

THz pulses with more than 0.4 mJ energy were generated with 0.77% efficiency by optical rectification of 785-fs laser pulses in LiNbO3 using tilted-pulse-front pumping. The spectral peak is at about 0.2 THz, suitable for charged-particle manipulation.
Efficient Detection of Delay-Constrained Relay Nodes (2007)

Relay nodes are a potential threat to networks since they are used in many malicious situations like stepping stone attacks, botnet communication, peer-to-peer streaming etc. Quick and accurate detection of relay nodes in a network can significantly improve security policy enforcement. There has been significant work done and novel solutions proposed for the problem of identifying relay flows active within a node in the network. However, these solutions require quadratic number of comparisons in the number of flows. In this paper, a related problem of identifying relay nodes is investigated where a relay node is defined as a node in the network that has an active relay flow. The problem is formulated as a variance estimation problem and a statistical approach is proposed for the solution. The proposed solution requires linear time and space in the number of flows and therefore can be employed in large scale implementations. It can be used on its own to identify relay nodes or as a first step in a scalable relay flow detection solution that performs known quadratic time analysis techniques for relay flow detection only on nodes that have been detected as relay nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is able to detect relay nodes even in the presence of intentional inter-packet delays and chaff packets introduced by adversaries in order to defeat timing based detection algorithms.
AlSb/InAs HEMTs using modulation InAs(Si)-doping (1998)

AlSb/InAs HEMTs have been fabricated using Si-doping in a very thin (9 Å) InAs layer located in the upper AlSb barrier. Quantum Hall measurements show that there is no parallel channel. Devices with a 0.5 µm gate length exhibit a drain current density of > 1 A/mm and an fTLg product of 30 GHzµm at VDS = 0.4 V after correction for the gate bonding pad capacitance.
Exploiting Rich Syntactic Information for Semantic Parsing with Graph-to-Sequence Model (2018)

Existing neural semantic parsers mainly utilize a sequence encoder, i.e., a sequential LSTM, to extract word order features while neglecting other valuable syntactic information such as dependency graph or constituent trees. In this paper, we first propose to use the \textit{syntactic graph} to represent three types of syntactic information, i.e., word order, dependency and constituency features. We further employ a graph-to-sequence model to encode the syntactic graph and decode a logical form. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that our model is comparable to the state-of-the-art on Jobs640, ATIS and Geo880. Experimental results on adversarial examples demonstrate the robustness of the model is also improved by encoding more syntactic information.
Determination of the functional elements within the vacuolar targeting signal of barley lectin. (1993)

We have previously demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal propeptide of barley lectin is both necessary and sufficient for protein sorting to the plant vacuole. Specific mutations were constructed to determine which amino acid residues or secondary structural determinants of the carboxyl-terminal propeptide affect proper protein sorting. We have found that no consensus sequence or common structural determinants are required for proper sorting of barley lectin to the vacuole. However, our analysis demonstrated the importance of hydrophobic residues in vacuolar targeting. In addition, at least three exposed amino acid residues are necessary for efficient sorting. Sorting was disrupted by the addition of two glycine residues at the carboxyl-terminal end of the targeting signal or by the translocation of the glycan to the carboxy terminus of the propeptide. These results suggest that some components of the sorting apparatus interact with the carboxy terminus of the propeptide.
Performance of advanced chromium electrodes for the NASA redox energy storage system. Final report (1981)

Chromium electrodes were prepared for the NASA Redox Storage System with meet the performance requirements for solar-photovoltaic, wind-turbine and electric utility applications. Gold-lead catalyzed carbon felt electrodes up tp 930 sq cm were fabricated and tested in single cells and multicell stacks for hydrogen evolution, coulombic efficiency, catalyst stability and electrochemical activity. Factors which affect the overall performance of a particular electrode include the carbon felt lot, the cleaning treatment and the gold catalyzation method. Effects of the chromium solution chemistry and impurities on charge/discharge performance are also presented.
Concurrent molecular recognition of the amino acid and tRNA by a ribozyme. (2001)

We have recently reported an in vitro-evolved precursor tRNA (pre-tRNA) that is able to catalyze aminoacylation on its own 3'-hydroxyl group. This catalytic pre-tRNA is susceptible to RNase P RNA, generating the 5'-leader ribozyme and mature tRNA. The 5'-leader ribozyme is also capable of aminoacylating the tRNA in trans, thus acting as an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like ribozyme (ARS-like ribozyme). Here we report its structural characterization that reveals the essential catalytic core. The ribozyme consists of three stem-loops connected by two junction regions. The chemical probing analyses show that a U-rich region (U59-U62 in J2a/3 and U67-U68 in L3) of the ribozyme is responsible for the recognition of the phenylalanine substrate. Moreover, a GGU-motif (G70-U72) of the ribozyme, adjacent to the U-rich region, forms base pairs with the tRNA 3' terminus. Our demonstration shows that simple RNA motifs can recognize both the amino acid and tRNA simultaneously, thus aminoacylating the 3' terminus of tRNA in trans.
Synergism of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> toxins by a fragment of a toxin-binding cadherin (2007)

The insecticidal crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are broadly used to control insect pests with agricultural importance. The cadherin Bt-R(1) is a binding protein for Bt Cry1A toxins in midgut epithelia of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). We previously identified the Bt-R(1) region most proximal to the cell membrane (CR12-MPED) as the essential binding region required for Cry1Ab-mediated cytotoxicity. Here, we report that a peptide containing this region expressed in Escherichia coli functions as a synergist of Cry1A toxicity against lepidopteran larvae. Far-UV circular dichroism and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed that our purified CR12-MPED peptide mainly consisted of beta-strands and random coils with unfolded structure. CR12-MPED peptide bound brush border membrane vesicles with high affinity (K(d) = 32 nM) and insect midgut microvilli but did not alter Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac binding localization in the midgut. By BIAcore analysis we demonstrate that Cry1Ab binds CR12-MPED at high (9 nM)- and low (1 microM)-affinity sites. CR12-MPED-mediated Cry1A toxicity enhancement was significantly reduced when the high-affinity Cry1A-binding epitope ((1416)GVLTLNIQ(1423)) within the peptide was altered. Because the mixtures of low Bt toxin dose and CR12-MPED peptide effectively control target insect pests, our discovery has important implications related to the use of this peptide to enhance insecticidal activity of Bt toxin-based biopesticides and transgenic Bt crops.
Modified siRNA Structure With a Single Nucleotide Bulge Overcomes Conventional siRNA-mediated Off-target Silencing (2011)

Off-target gene silencing is a major concern when using RNA interference. Imperfect pairing of the antisense strand with unintended mRNA targets is one of the main causes of small interfering RNA (siRNA) off-target silencing. To overcome this, we have developed "bulge-siRNA," a modified siRNA backbone structure with a single nucleotide (nt) bulge placed in the antisense strand. We found that siRNAs with a bulge at position 2 of the antisense strand were able to discriminate better between perfectly matched and mismatched targets, with no loss in silencing of the intended target. Genome-wide analysis also revealed that the bulge-siRNAs significantly reduced off-target silencing of transcripts with complementarity to the seed region of the siRNA antisense strand. When compared to 2'-methoxy ribosyl (2'-OMe) modified siRNAs previously developed to alleviate antisense off-target silencing; the bulge modification could better discriminate between on- versus off-targets. Our results suggest that the bulge-siRNA structure is a simple, yet superior alternative to chemical modifications for minimizing off-target silencing triggered by conventional siRNA structures.
Collaborative Expert Portfolio Management (2010)

We consider the task of assigning experts from a portfolio of specialists in order to solve a set of tasks. We apply a Bayesian model which combines collaborative filtering with a feature-based description of tasks and experts to yield a general framework for managing a portfolio of experts. The model learns an embedding of tasks and problems into a latent space in which affinity is measured by the inner product. The model can be trained incrementally and can track non-stationary data, tracking potentially changing expert and task characteristics. The approach allows us to use a principled decision theoretic framework for expert selection, allowing the user to choose a utility function that best suits their objectives. The model component for taking into account the performance feedback data is pluggable, allowing flexibility. We apply the model to manage a portfolio of algorithms to solve hard combinatorial problems. This is a well studied area and we demonstrate a large improvement on the state of the art in one domain (constraint solving) and in a second domain (combinatorial auctions) created a portfolio that performed significantly better than any single algorithm.
Indoor Localization and Automatic Fingerprint Update with Altered AP Signals (2016)

Wi-Fi fingerprinting has been extensively studied for indoor localization due to its deployability under pervasive indoor WLAN. As the signals from access points (APs) may change due to, for example, AP movement or power adjustment, the traditional approach is to conduct site survey regularly in order to maintain localization accuracy, which is costly and time-consuming. Here, we study how to accurately locate a target and automatically update fingerprints in the presence of altered AP signals (or simply, “altered APs”). We propose Localization with Altered APs and Fingerprint Updating (LAAFU) system, employing implicit crowdsourced signals for fingerprint update and survey reduction. Using novel subset sampling, LAAFU identifies any altered APs and filter them out before a location decision is made, hence maintaining localization accuracy under altered AP signals. With client locations anywhere in the region, fingerprint signals can be adaptively and transparently updated using non-parametric Gaussian process regression. We have conducted extensive experiments in our campus hall, an international airport, and a premium shopping mall. Compared with traditional weighted nearest neighbors and probabilistic algorithms, results show that LAAFU is robust against altered APs, achieving 20 percent localization error reduction with the fingerprints adaptive to environmental signal changes.
Challenges Experienced in Scaling-Up the CSIR-Ti Process (2014)

The CSIR-Ti process produces titanium metal powder through continuous stepwise metallothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) in molten salt medium, and represents a cost-effective alternative to the standard Kroll process to produce titanium metal. Subsequent to proving the CSIR-Ti process at bench scale producing batches of ±2 kg titanium powder, the design, build and test of a continuous 2 kg/h Ti pilot plant was authorised. The scale-up process highlighted limited expertise in South Africa with regards to handling molten salt and molten reducing metals. Such gaps in knowledge are addressed in this study, which discusses a number of the engineering challenges faced and solutions developed around agitation of molten salt reactors, process pipe heating and insulation, molten salt flow measurement and also feeding of a highly reactive molten reducing metal. Scaling up the CSIR-Ti process, with requirements of continuous operation, compact size, effective agitation, pumping and maintaining salt in the molten state brought an unusual set of challenges requiring development of unique and prototype equipment. Further challenges were encountered in the handling and continuous feeding of molten reducing metal at the relatively small scale of the pilot plant. Solutions developed and discussed in this study include custom-modified agitators, custom-developed flow meters for measuring molten salt and molten metal flows, and a custom-designed molten metal feed system. Specialised materials such as, ultra-high temperature heating tape and ultra-low thermal conductivity insulation had to be imported as well as a special high-temperature pump that can pump a slurry consisting of molten salt containing a high weight percentage of suspended metal powder. The experience illustrates the technological difficulty of bridging the chasm between science and technology in that many unforeseen problems are encountered when developing and scaling up a new technology.
Performance of a Foil-Magnetic Hybrid Bearing (2002)

Abstract To meet the advanced bearing needs of modern turbomachinery, a hybrid foil-magnetic hybrid bearing system was designed, fabricated, and tested in a test rig designed to simulate the rotor dynamics of a small gas turbine engine (31 kN to 53 kN thrust class). This oil-free bearing system combines the excellent low and zero-speed capabilities of the magnetic bearing with the high-load capacity and high-speed performance of the compliant foil bearing. An experimental program is described which documents the capabilities of the bearing system for sharing load during operation at up to 30,000 rpm and the foil bearing component’s ability to function as a backup in case of magnetic bearing failure. At an operating speed of 22,000 rpm, loads exceeding 5300 N were carried by the system. This load sharing could be manipulated by an especially designed electronic control algorithm. In all tests, rotor excursions were small and stable. During deliberately staged magnetic bearing malfunctions, the foil bearing proved capable of supporting the rotor during continued operation at full load and speed, as well as allowing a safe rotor coastdown. The hybrid system tripled the load capacity of the magnetic bearing alone and can offer a significant reduction in total bearing weight compared to a comparable magnetic bearing.