gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesofluidic actuation for articulated finger and hand prosthetics (2009)

The loss of fingers and hands severely limits career and lifestyle options for the amputee. Unfortunately, while there have been strides made in advancements of upper arm and leg prosthetics, the state of the art in prosthetic hands is lagging far behind. Options are generally limited to claw like devices that provide limited gripping capacity. The overall objective of this paper is to demonstrate a path towards a low-cost prosthetic hand with multiple articulated fingers and a thumb that rivals the human hand in terms of weight, size, dexterity, range of motion, force carrying capacity and speed. We begin with a description of the functional requirements for a human hand. When comparing requirements with actuation technologies, the fluid power approach has the potential to realize a prosthetic hand that rivals a human hand in size, strength and dexterity. We introduce a new actuation technology, mesofluidics, that focuses on miniaturization of fluid power to the meso-scale (mm to cm). As a novel demonstration of the potential for this technology, we describe a proof-of-principle mesofluidic finger that has intrinsic actuation and control (actuators and control valves within the volume of the finger). This finger weighs 63 grams, is sized to the 50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentile male finger, has a total of 25 mechanical parts and is capable of providing 10 kg (22 lbs) of pinch force.
Synchronization Controller for Multimedia Object in MHEG Engine (1996)

For interchange of multimedia informations and presentation as intented by objects composer, there are need to interchange format of informations and control synchronization between medias. And It is therefore need to provide a method and apparatus for synchroniztion control of multimedia objects which can control the conditional, temporal. and spatial synchronization in a MHEG engine developed to execute the functions defined as the international standards. In this paper. We propose to improved method and apparatus for synchronization control of multimedia objects which can execute the synchronized presentation by combining media data needed for presentation of multimedia information, and which enable the interactive processing between the user and the MHEG engine by allowing the user input to be processed during presentation
MOCVD-grown GaAs-based resonant tunneling diodes with peak current densities in excess of 300 kA/cm/sup 2/ (2002)

By taking advantage of resonant tunneling through the second energy level of a deep quantum well in a strained-layer structure, we have achieved more than 2 times higher peak current densities (PCDs) than the ones reported for GaAs-based resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and more than 3 times higher PCD values than those obtained for any type of MOCVD-grown RTDs. PCD values higher than 300 kA/cm/sup 2/, peak voltages as low as 1.2 volts, and peak-to-valley current ratios (PVRs) of 3:1 at 300 K are obtained from structures with 14 A-thick Al/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/As barriers and a 57 A-thick In/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As well.
Functionalization of Nanoscale Diamond Powder:  Fluoro-, Alkyl-, Amino-, and Amino Acid-Nanodiamond Derivatives (2004)

The reaction of nanoscale diamond (ND) powder with an elemental fluorine/hydrogen mixture at temperatures varying from 150 to 470 °C resulted in the high degree of ND surface fluorination yielding a fluoro-nanodiamond with up to 8.6 at. % fluorine content. The fluoro-nanodiamond was used as a precursor for preparation of the series of functionalized nanodiamonds by subsequent reactions with alkyllithium reagents, diamines, and amino acids. The fluoro-nanodiamond and corresponding alkyl-, amino-, and amino acid-nanodiamond derivatives were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) measurements. In comparison with the pristine nanodiamond, all functionalized nanodiamonds show an improved solubility in polar organic solvents, e.g., alcohols and THF, and a reduced particle agglomeration. The developed methodology provides an efficient method for the chemical modification of nanodiamond powder, which enables a variety of engineering and biomedical applications of ND derivatives.
Topical tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections: multicenter study (1981)

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic newly marketed for topical ophthalmic use. In a double-masked, multicenter study, tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate, the latter an established topical aminoglycoside, were evaluated in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections of the external eye. Efficacy was determined by resolution of signs and symptoms and the follow-up impression made by the physician. A quantitative, bacterial assay of the conjunctiva and skin-lash margin before and after treatment was used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the two antibiotics. The results of the study, involving 511 patients, indicate that tobramycin is significantly more effective than gentamicin sulfate clinically, and the former exhibits a greater antibacterial efficacy, in the eye, against the combined conjunctival pathogens. On the conjunctiva, Staphylococcus aureus is significantly more susceptible to tobramycin than gentamicin sulfate. Although the solutions are equally safe, tobramycin ointment is associated with a significantly lower frequency of adverse reactions than gentamicin sulfate ointment. This may be due to the preservative used in gentamicin ophthalmic ointment, methyl and propyl paraben.
Approximation Algorithms for Data Broadcast in Wireless Networks (2009)

Broadcasting is a fundamental operation in wireless networks and plays an important role in the communication protocol design. In multihop wireless networks, however, interference at a node due to simultaneous transmissions from its neighbors makes it non-trivial to design a minimum-latency broadcast algorithm, which is known to be NP-complete. We present a simple 12-approximation algorithm for the one-to-all broadcast problem that improves all previously known guarantees for this problem. We then consider the all-to-all broadcast problem where each node sends its own message to all other nodes. For the all-to-all broadcast problem, we present two algorithms with approximation ratios of 20 and 34, improving the best result available in the literature. Finally, we report experimental evaluation of our algorithms. Our studies indicate that our algorithms perform much better in practice than the worst-case guarantees provided in the theoretical analysis and achieve up to 37% performance improvement over existing schemes.
Characterization of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Cellulose from Glucose and Fructose in<i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> (1996)

For characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of cellulose in a cellulose-producing Acetobacter xylinum strain BPR2001, the activities of several enzymes were measured. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase catalyzing the conversion of fructose-6- phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate was greatly increased by fructose in the medium. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity catalyzing the synthesis of UDP-glucose was very high in strain BPR2001, consistent with the idea that this is the key enzyme in cellulose biosynthesis. Strain BPR2001 was found to have a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS).
High-performance 3D printing of hydrogels by water-dispersible photoinitiator nanoparticles (2016)

In the absence of water-soluble photoinitiators with high absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible range, rapid three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels for tissue engineering is challenging. A new approach enabling rapid 3D printing of hydrogels in aqueous solutions is presented on the basis of UV-curable inks containing nanoparticles of highly efficient but water-insoluble photoinitiators. The extinction coefficient of the new water-dispersible nanoparticles of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) is more than 300 times larger than the best and most used commercially available water-soluble photoinitiator. The TPO nanoparticles absorb significantly in the range from 385 to 420 nm, making them suitable for use in commercially available, low-cost, light-emitting diode-based 3D printers using digital light processing. The polymerization rate at this range is very fast and enables 3D printing that otherwise is impossible to perform without adding solvents. The TPO nanoparticles were prepared by rapid conversion of volatile microemulsions into water-dispersible powder, a process that can be used for a variety of photoinitiators. Such water-dispersible photoinitiator nanoparticles open many opportunities to enable rapid 3D printing of structures prepared in aqueous solutions while bringing environmental advantages by using low-energy curing systems and avoiding the need for solvents.
Sensitivity Analysis of an ANN-Based System for Detection of Mooring Line Failure (2020)

Abstract Monitoring the integrity of mooring lines on floating offshore platforms is one of the key factors in ensuring safe and productive offshore operations. Sensors, such as inclinometers, compressive load cells or strain sensors, can be used to monitor the inclination angles or tensions on mooring lines. An alternative method using only dry monitoring systems, such as DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System), Gyrocompass and/or IMU (Inertial Measurement / Motion Unit), can also be used to monitor the integrity of mooring lines. This method uses the measured motions and positions of a vessel without any information on the environmental conditions to detect mooring line failure. The detection of mooring line failure is based on detecting shifts in low-frequency periods and mean yaw angles as a function of vessel position, mass and added mass. The proposed method utilizes Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to recognize and classify patterns. The training of an ANN model requires examples/data associated with intact mooring lines and broken mooring line(s). Examples/data of broken mooring line(s) are practically available only from numerical simulations. Therefore, it is important to address these two key topics: (1) Is the real behavior of the floating offshore platform sufficiently aligned with numerical simulations? and (2) The effect of the accuracy of monitoring equipment on the performance of an ANN-based system. The first topic is reviewed briefly with its possible solution including some sensitivity tests, and this paper focuses on addressing the second topic. A system architecture is discussed in this paper along with the accuracy of the monitoring equipment. As an example, an ANN model has been trained to detect a broken mooring line of a spread-moored FPSO. This ANN model has been tested on its performance in dealing with a range of possible errors associated with the monitoring equipment. Furthermore, the tests have been carried out for a combination of variables that are not included in the ANN training, such as: vessel draft (mass), sea state conditions and directions. This paper presents the results of the tests for various variable sensitivities, which cover vessel positions, mean yaw angles and vessel drafts. These are essentially testing the tolerance of a trained ANN model against error or noise in the data. The results show that a trained ANN model can be error/noise tolerant.
Nucleotide Sequences of Two Circular Single-Stranded DNAs Associated with Banana Bunchy Top Virus (1994)

Two circular single-stranded DNAs designated DNA I and II of the banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) genome were cloned and sequenced. The sequence of BBTV DNA I consisted of 1,106 nucleotides and contained four open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding proteins with molecular masses ranging from 5.4 to 33.18 kDa and one putative stemloop structure of 29 nucleotides. The sequence of BBTV DNA II had 1,096 nucleotides and contained four ORFs encoding putative proteins with sizes ranging from 5.6 to 32.77 kDa and one putative stem-loop structure of 32 nucleotides. The largest ORF (V2) in DNA II encoded a putative replicase with the nucleotide triphosphate-binding motif(GGEGKS)
3D‐Printed Disposable Wireless Sensors with Integrated Microelectronics for Large Area Environmental Monitoring (2017)

Large area environmental monitoring can play a crucial role in dealing with crisis situations. However, it is challenging as implementing a fixed sensor network infrastructure over large remote area is economically unfeasible. This work proposes disposable, compact, dispersible 3D‐printed wireless sensor nodes with integrated microelectronics which can be dispersed in the environment and work in conjunction with few fixed nodes for large area monitoring applications. As a proof of concept, the wireless sensing of temperature, humidity, and H 2 S levels are shown which are important for two critical environmental conditions namely forest fires and industrial leaks. These inkjet‐printed sensors and an antenna are realized on the walls of a 3D‐printed cubic package which encloses the microelectronics developed on a 3D‐printed circuit board. Hence, 3D printing and inkjet printing are uniquely combined in order to realize a low‐cost, fully integrated wireless sensor node.
Recovery of hydrogen from impurities using a palladium membrane reactor (2002)

One of the important steps in processing the exhaust from a fusion reactor is recovering tritium which is incorporated into molecules such as water and methane. One device which may prove very effective for this purpose is a palladium membrane reactor. This is a reactor which incorporates a Pd/Ag membrane in the reactor geometry. Reactions such as water gas shift, steam reforming and methane cracking can be carried out over the reactor catalyst, and the product hydrogen can be simultaneously removed from the reacting mixture. Because product is removed, greater than usual conversions can be obtained. In addition ultrapure hydrogen is produced eliminating the need for an additional processing step. A palladium membrane reactor has been built and tested with three different catalysts. Initial results with a Ni-based catalyst show that it is very effective at promoting all three reactions listed above. Under the proper conditions, hydrogen recoveries approaching 100% have been observed. This study serves to experimentally validate the palladium membrane reactor as a potentially important tool for fusion fuel processing.
Dual-stream processor operation (1982)

The authors describe a technique which allows operation of either one or a pair of dual-stream processors to act solely as a uniprocessor (UP) with limited failures of the primary processor.
Generation and Performance Investigation of Polarization-Alternated QPSK Format (2013)

A novel binary bit encoder is proposed to generate polarization-alternated (PolAl) QPSK signals, which is experimentally demonstrated having the similar receiver sensitivity and transmission performance as polarization-multiplexed BPSK format.
Gazefinder as a clinical supplementary tool for discriminating between autism spectrum disorder and typical development in male adolescents and adults (2016)

These findings suggest that Gazefinder is potentially a valuable and easy-to-use tool for objectively measuring unique gaze patterns and discriminating between ASD and TD in male adolescents and adults.
MHD generating system. [working fluid of coal combustion products and copper particles] (1980)

According to the present invention, coal combustion gas is the primary working fluid and copper or a copper alloy is the electrodynamic fluid in the MHD generator, thereby eliminating the heat exchangers between the combustor and the liquid-metal MHD working fluids, allowing the use of a conventional coalfired steam bottoming plant, and making the plant simpler, more efficient and cheaper. In operation, the gas and liquid are combined in a mixer and the resulting two-phase mixture enters the MHD generator. The MHD generator acts as a turbine and electric generator in one unit wherein the gas expands, drives the liquid across the magnetic field and thus generates electrical power. The gas and liquid are separated, and the available energy in the gas is recovered before the gas is exhausted to the atmosphere. Where the combustion gas contains sulfur, oxygen is bubbled through a side loop to remove sulfur therefrom as a concentrated stream of sulfur dioxide. The combustor is operated substoichiometrically to control the oxide level in the copper.
Differentiating User Authentication Graphs (2013)

Authentication using centralized methods is a primary trust mechanism within most large-scale, enterprise computer networks. This paper proposes using graphs to represent user authentication activity within the network. Using this mechanism over a real enterprise network dataset, we find that non-privileged users and users with system administration privileges have distinguishable graph attributes in terms of size and complexity. In addition, we find that user authentication graphs provide intuitive insights into network user behavior. We believe that understanding these differences in even greater detail will lead to improved user behavior profiling and the elusive detection of authentication credential misuse.
Quantum-dot cascade laser: proposal for an ultralow-threshold semiconductor laser (1997)

We propose a quantum-dot version of the quantum-well cascade laser of Faist et al., see Science, vol. 264, p. 553, 1994. The elimination of single phonon decays by the three-dimensional confinement implies a several order-of-magnitude reduction in the threshold current. The requirements on dot size (10-20 nm) and on dot density and uniformity [one coupled pair of dots per (200 nm/sup 3/) with 5% nonuniformity] are close to current technology.
A machine learning based scheme for double JPEG compression detection (2008)

Double JPEG compression detection is of significance in digital forensics. We propose an effective machine learning based scheme to distinguish between double and single JPEG compressed images. Firstly, difference JPEG 2D arrays, i.e., the difference between the magnitude of JPEG coefficient 2D array of a given JPEG image and its shifted versions along various directions, are used to enhance double JPEG compression artifacts. Markov random process is then applied to modeling difference 2-D arrays so as to utilize the second-order statistics. In addition, a thresholding technique is used to reduce the size of the transition probability matrices, which characterize the Markov random processes. All elements of these matrices are collected as features for double JPEG compression detection. The support vector machine is employed as the classifier. Experiments have demonstrated that our proposed scheme has outperformed the prior arts.
Activities of mixed NOP and μ‐opioid receptor ligands (2007)

Compounds that bind to both mu-opioid and NOP receptors have antinociceptive activity but the relative contribution of each receptor is unclear. These experiments help characterize compounds that bind to both receptors, to better understand the mechanism behind their biological activities, and identify new pharmacological tools to characterize NOP and opioid receptors.
Reduction of electron and hole trapping in SiO2 by rapid thermal annealing (1984)

Reduction of electron or hole trapping in SiO2 was achieved by short-time lamp annealing. The trapping characterization was done by the avalanche injection technique on metal-oxide-silicon capacitor structures with aluminum gates and SiO2 thickness of 50 nm. Electron trapping on water related centers is reduced by 10-s anneals in Ar or N2 ambients at 600–800 °C. Hole trapping is reduced by short anneals in an O2 ambient at 1000 °C with an optimal time of 100 s. The O2 short anneal is much more effective if the oxide had a long post-oxidation anneal in N2 at 1000 °C which produces an interfacial nitrogen-rich layer at the Si-SiO2 interface.
Long term creep properties and microstructure of SUPER304H, TP347HFG and HR3C for A-USC boilers (2007)

SUPER304H (18Cr–9Ni–3Cu–Nb–N; ASME CC2328) and TP347HFG (18Cr–12Ni–Nb; ASME SA213) have been developed for high strength oxidation resistant steel tubes to operate at high steam temperatures and pressures. The longest creep rupture tests performed to date (600°C for 85 426 h for SUPER304H; 700°C for 55 858 h for TP347HFG) showed that the stable strength and microstructure were retained, with very little formation of σ-phase compared with conventional austenitic stainless steels and no other brittle phases. The alloy HR3C (25Cr–20Ni–Nb–N; ASME CC2115) has been developed for the high strength and high corrosion resistant steel tubes used in recent ultrasupercritical (USC) boilers with steam temperatures of ∼600°C. The longest creep test conducted to date (700°C, 69 MPa for 88 362 h) confirmed a stable creep strength and microstructure at 600–800°C. Superheater and reheater tubes of these alloys installed in the Eddystone No.1 USC power plant since 1991 have been removed and investigated. Updated long term creep rupture properties of the steels and microstructural changes during service are reported. Three steel tubes have been successfully applied as standard materials for superheater and reheater tubes in newly built USC boilers.
Oriented conductive oxide electrodes on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si (1998)

Abstract Highly conductive biaxially textured (both normal to and in the film plane) RuO2 and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films have been deposited on SiO2/Si substrates for the first time. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) produced by ion-beamassisted-deposition (IBAD) is used as a seed layer to induce the biaxial texture of RuO2 and/or La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 on amorphous SiO2/Si. The degree of in-plane texture of the conductive oxide films is directly related to the texture of IBADYSZ. The biaxially oriented RuO2 and L0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films have a metallic resistivity vs temperature characteristic and a room-temperature resistivity of 37 μΩ-cm and 110 μΩ-cm, respectively. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films deposited on SiO2/Si using biaxially oriented RuO2 and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 as bottom electrodes are (111) and (110) oriented, respectively. Key Words: conductive oxidesRuO2 La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin film deposition
Minimum Error Rate Training by Sampling the Translation Lattice (2010)

Minimum Error Rate Training is the algorithm for log-linear model parameter training most used in state-of-the-art Statistical Machine Translation systems. In its original formulation, the algorithm uses N-best lists output by the decoder to grow the Translation Pool that shapes the surface on which the actual optimization is performed. Recent work has been done to extend the algorithm to use the entire translation lattice built by the decoder, instead of N-best lists. We propose here a third, intermediate way, consisting in growing the translation pool using samples randomly drawn from the translation lattice. We empirically measure a systematic improvement in the BLEU scores compared to training using N-best lists, without suffering the increase in computational complexity associated with operating with the whole lattice. 1