gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigating the Interfacial Degradation in Cathodes for High-Performance Oxide-Based Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2019)

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are the promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their attractive advantages in terms of energy density and safety. However, the interfacial engineering and battery building are of huge challenges, especially for stiff oxide-based electrolytes. Herein, we construct SSLBs by a cosintering method using Li<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> as a sintering agent to bind the cathode materials LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) and solid-state electrolytes Li<sub>6.4</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.4</sub>Ta<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. Small NMC primary particles are compared with large secondary particles to study the effects on interfacial adhesion, mechanical retention, internal resistance evolution, and electrochemical performance. Our results reveal that the interfacial resistance decreases during charging and increases during discharging, resulting in an overall increase in the interfacial resistance after one cycle. The main reason is attributed to the microcracks induced by the volumetric changes of NMC during the electrochemical process. The mechanical degradations at the interfaces accumulated upon cycling can cause capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiency. The SSLB constructed from small NMC primary particles shows regulation of particle distribution, mitigation in local volumetric change, and alleviation in mechanical degradation at the interfaces, leading to smaller resistance change and better electrochemical performance. The findings shed lights on designing SSLBs with good mechanical retention and electrochemical performance.
Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Myoblast Transfer Therapy on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys (1992)

Five billion normal myoblasts were injected into each of 21 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) boys aged 6-14 yr to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the Phase II myoblast transfer therapy (MTT). The Phase II study was designed to strengthen muscles of both lower limbs. Forty-eight intramuscular injections transferred the myoblasts into 22 major muscles at 55.6 x 10(6)/mL in 10 min under general anesthesia. Eleven boys had received 8 million myoblasts each 1 yr ago in the Phase I MTT. In the Phase II study, eight of them had their myoblasts subcultured from reserves frozen 1 yr ago. The donor myoblasts for each of the remaining boys were cultured from satellite cells derived from a 1-g muscle biopsy of a normal male who might or might not be histocompatible with the recipient. The immunosuppressant cyclosporine (Cy) is being administered to recipients for 6 mo after MTT to facilitate donor cell survival. There was no evidence of an adverse reaction to MTT or Cy as determined by serial laboratory evaluations including electrolytes, creatinine, and urea. Early objective functional tests using the KinCom Robotic Dynamometer were conducted on 13 subjects aged 6 to 13 before MTT and at 3 mo after MTT. Of the 69 muscle groups (knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors) tested for isometric force generation in these subjects, 43% showed mean increase of 41.3% +/- 5.9 SEM, 38% showed no change, and 19% showed continuous force reduction of 23.4% +/- 3.1 SEM. The remaining subjects await the 3-mo post-MTT evaluation. The results indicate that 1) MTT is safe; 2) MTT increases muscle strength in DMD: 81% of the muscles tested showed either increase in strength or did not show continuous loss of strength; 3) more than 5 billion myoblasts can be cultured from 1 g normal muscle biopsy, providing unprecedented numbers of cells for MTT; 4) myoblasts, frozen over 1 yr, retain the ability to proliferate from 10 million to 5 billion, and to form normal myofibers; 5) injections of 5 billion myoblasts have not provoked any immunological rejection symptoms in the Phase II subjects, 11 of whom received 8 million myoblasts in the Phase I MTT a year ago; 6) it is safe to perform multiple injections of myoblasts into lower limb muscles without formation of emboli; and 7) donor cell rejection by the recipient can be prevented with Cy when properly managed.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) and Bone (1989)

Bone is not only a rich source of a diverse group of growth factors, but is also a very responsive tissue to such growth promoting agents. IGF-I and IGF-II are reported to be synthesized and retained in bone. While both IGF-I and IGF-II stimulate DNA, collagen, and noncollagenous protein synthesis in cultured calvariae, these explant cultures have quantitative differential sensitivities to these IGF's. In addition to the observed increase in collagen synthesis, collagen degradation decreased in calvariae treated with IGF-I or IGF-II.
Sequencing of a Gene Encoding a Member of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family of Transport Proteins from Aspergillus nidulans (1998)

Mitochondrial carrier proteins comprise a superfamily of evolutionarily conserved proteins that regulate the specific transport of essential metabolites across the mitochondrial membranes. In this report we describe the cloning and sequencing of a gene from Aspergillus nidulans, amc-1, that encodes the first reported example of a mitochondrial carrier protein in Aspergillus species. The amc-1 gene is located on chromosome 7, and is transcribed as a 1.6 kb unspliced polyadenylated RNA. The predicted translation product of the amc-1. cDNA displays three tandemly repeated domains which possess protein signature motifs that are characteristic of mitochondrial carrier proteins that localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane. amc-1 shares the greatest similarity with a Neurospora mitochondrial carrier protein that is implicated in basic amino acid transport, suggesting that the amc-1 protein may provide a related function.
Abstract 2614: Distinguished features of ERG oncoprotein expression among matched cohorts of African-American and Caucasian-American prostate cancer patients (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The ETS-related gene (ERG) proto-oncogene is frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer (CaP) as a result of a genomic rearrangement that places ERG under the control of the androgen-dependent TMPRSS2 promoter. The initial report of quantitative ERG mRNA expression in micro-dissected prostate tumor cells showed significantly higher ERG expression in CaP of Caucasian-Americans (CA) patients vs. African-American (AA) patients (Petrovics et al, Oncogene, 2005). Recent studies (Magi-Galluzzi et al, Prostate, 2011; Elliott et al, USCAP Mtg., 2011) have also shown higher frequency of ERG rearrangement or ERG oncoprotein expression in CaP of CA patients. We evaluate the frequency and pattern of the ERG oncoprotein expression in prostate tumors of matched CA and AA CaP patients to better understand the biological basis for differences in prostate cancer between the two populations. Methods: Ninety one AA and 91 CA CaP patients were matched for age, Gleason score and pathologic stage. All underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2010. Whole mount prostate specimens were used for the immunohistochemical detection of the ERG oncoprotein by a highly specific ERG monoclonal antibody (clone 9FY). Individual foci of tumors were reported as either positive or negative. ERG staining data was linked to clinico-pathologic data. Biochemical recurrence was defined as two serum PSA measurements of 0.2 ng/mL or higher at least 8 weeks from surgery. Results: A higher percentage of CA (61.8%) than AA (28.2%) CaP patients had ERG positive index tumors and had at least one focus of tumor positive for ERG. A higher percentage of overall tumor foci were also positive for ERG in CA than AA CaP patients. There was high concordance of ERG positive prostatic intra-epitheilal neoplasia (PIN) and ERG positive CaP in both AA and CA patients. Conclusions: ERG expression is more prevalent among CA than AA CaP patients in matched cohorts. Differences in the pattern of ERG expression in CaP and differing trends in biochemical recurrence between CA and AA patients with ERG (+) index tumors suggest a dominant clonal selection of ERG-positive tumors in CA patients. These differences in ERG expression have the potential to delineate biological distinctions of CaP in the two patient populations. Acknowledgement: This study was supported in part by USU-CPDR and NIH grant CA162383 to SS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2614. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2614
Highly Suppressed Boron Penetration in NO-Nitrided Si02 for Gated MOS Device (1995)

Absfruct-In this paper, we demonstrate the superior diffusion barrier properties of NO-nitrided SiOn in suppressing boron penetration for p+-polysilicon gated MOS devices. Boron penetration effects have been studied in terms of flatband voltage shift, decrease in inversion capacitance (due to polysilicon depletion effect), impact on interface state density, and chargeto-breakdown. Results show that NO-nitrided SiOz, as compared to conventional thermal SiOz, exhibit much higher resistance to boron penetration, and therefore, are very attractive for surface channel PMOS technology.
STUDIES ON BRONCHIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN CHILDREN FMOM 3 TO 15 YEARS OF AGE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RESPIRATORY THRESHOLD TO METHACHOLINE IN ASTHM ATICS, LATENT ASTHMATICS AND CHILDREN HAVING PROLONGED COUGH (1990)

An Astograph with the combined use of the P-V lissajou method which was newly deviced was useful for measuring respiratory threshold of methacholine in children from 3 to 15 years of age.An yearly change of threshold of methacholine in asthmatics was minimal in spite of the clinical improvement, suggesting that the significance of the improved threshold is great even though it is small.The threshold to methacholine in latent asthmatics was higher than that of asthmatics. There was, however, no difference of distribution of threshold between the group of older than 6 years and that of younger than 6 years of age. In latent asthmatics from the ages 3 to 13 years, 15.6per cent of the cases showed increased bronchial sensitivity during a 3 year observation period. It was also found that in latent asthmatics, bronchial hypersensitivity was independent from family history of atopy and from atopic markers such as serum total IgE, house dust RAST, eosinophiles of blood and of nasal secretions. Lastly, the same tendency as described above was observed in children suffering from a prolonged cough.
Analysis of the proteinases of representative Trichomonas vaginalis isolates (1990)

Isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with acrylamide copolymerized with gelatin (substrate-SDS-PAGE) were combined to evaluate the proteinases of both long-term-grown and fresh isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. This two-dimensional substrate-SDS-PAGE resolved as many as 23 distinct proteinase activities in several isolates, and proteinases had relative molecular masses between 23 and 110 kilodaltons (kDa). Isoelectric points (pI) of proteinases ranged from 5.7 to 7.0. Overall, the various representative proteinase profiles were similar among those of long-term-grown and fresh isolates, although heterogeneity existed among several cysteine proteinase activities. Pattern changes were detected in fresh isolates passaged over several weeks, showing the ability of proteinases to be differentially expressed and to undergo phase variation. The two-dimensional proteinase patterns were very reproducible for isolates analyzed over a certain period of time before expression of some proteinases varied. The heterogeneity and differential expression of certain proteinases were not coordinated with phenotypic variation of already characterized immunogens and adhesins. Data suggesting that a 43-kDa proteinase resided on the parasite surface were obtained on the basis of removal of activity following pronase or proteinase K treatment of live organisms. Finally, immunized experimental animals produced antibody to many T. vaginalis proteinases, which indicates the immunogenic nature of trichomonad proteinases.
Banhasasim-Tang Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Neuroinflammation in Mice (2020)

Banhasasim-tang (BHS) is an herbal medicine that has been widely used in East Asia to treat various symptoms associated with upper abdomen swelling. BHS has not been studied previously for neuroinflammation or cognitive disorder. Here, we use a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model to investigate the effects and mechanisms of BHS in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment of mice. We used a mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation and examined whether administration of BHS prevents these deficits via Morris water maze test, passive avoidance test, histopathological analysis, Western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We found via behavioral tests that BHS treatment effectively prevented LPS-induced memory loss and neuronal damage in mice. Histopathological analysis of mouse brains revealed that BHS inhibited LPS-induced expression of microglial and astrocyte activation markers. Furthermore, BHS inhibits the production of markers related to neurodegeneration, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation, and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse brain tissue. Additionally, BHS pretreatment effectively inhibited generation of inflammatory factors and pathways in BV2 microglial cells stimulated by LPS. These observations indicate that BHS is effective in preventing cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation and has strong potential as a candidate treatment for neuronal inflammatory diseases.
Two subpopulations of differentiated chondrocytes identified with a monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate. (1985)

We have prepared a monoclonal antibody, named MZ15, that specifically binds keratan sulfate. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the distribution of keratan sulfate in articular cartilage was not uniform: the amount of keratan sulfate increased with distance from the articular surface. Two subpopulations of chondrocytes could be distinguished after isolation from cartilage by the presence or absence of cell surface keratan sulfate. Keratan sulfate-negative chondrocytes were shown to come from the upper cartilage layers. There was therefore a direct correlation between biochemical heterogeneity of cartilage matrix and heterogeneity within the chondrocyte population. During growth in monolayer culture, superficial chondrocytes began to synthesize keratan sulfate, but the cells could still be distinguished from cultures of deep or unfractionated chondrocytes by their reduced substrate adhesiveness and tendency to remain rounded.
Learning Human Pose Models from Synthesized Data for Robust RGB-D Action Recognition (2017)

We propose Human Pose Models that represent RGB and depth images of human poses independent of clothing textures, backgrounds, lighting conditions, body shapes and camera viewpoints. Learning such universal models requires training images where all factors are varied for every human pose. Capturing such data is prohibitively expensive. Therefore, we develop a framework for synthesizing the training data. First, we learn representative human poses from a large corpus of real motion captured human skeleton data. Next, we fit synthetic 3D humans with different body shapes to each pose and render each from 180 camera viewpoints while randomly varying the clothing textures, background and lighting. Generative Adversarial Networks are employed to minimize the gap between synthetic and real image distributions. CNN models are then learned that transfer human poses to a shared high-level invariant space. The learned CNN models are then used as invariant feature extractors from real RGB and depth frames of human action videos and the temporal variations are modelled by Fourier Temporal Pyramid. Finally, linear SVM is used for classification. Experiments on three benchmark cross-view human action datasets show that our algorithm outperforms existing methods by significant margins for RGB only and RGB-D action recognition.
Hypothermia during reperfusion limits 'no-reflow' injury in a rabbit model of acute myocardial infarction (2003)

This study shows that hypothermic therapy initiated late during ischemia and continuing for several hours of reperfusion significantly improves reflow and reduces macroscopic zones of no-reflow and necrosis in this model. The improvement in reflow was greater than would be expected in the H group compared with N, based on the extent of necrosis. As reflow is a predictor of outcome, this intervention may have clinical implications.
A Census of Actively Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2010 (2010)

As part of their ongoing effort to protect the public, the nation's 70 state and territorial medical and osteopathic boards regularly collect and disseminate information about actively licensed physicians in their jurisdictions to the FSMB's Federation Physician Data Center. This article summarizes results from the first-ever comprehensive analysis by FSMB of this information, from state boards and additional sources, to present a census of actively licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia in 2010. While noting the value to state boards and multiple stakeholders of an accurate count of physicians — including information about their gender, age, specialty certification and location by region — the article acknowledges opportunities for future collaboration among organizations and agencies to better define current physician supply in order to better predict future physician needs for a growing and aging national population.
Design Aspects of VLSI for Computer Logic (1982)

Interrelations among device technologies, circuit techniques, layout design, computer-logic characteristics, and system performance were clarified by analyzing several key factors which determine effective circuit performance in system environments. Computer-logic characteristics which determine the effective power of complementary circuits were investigated. This was done by evaluating "k," which is defined by the average switching period of the circuits in a system divided by the system delay time. The value of several tens to 200 was obtained as the it for conventionally designed computer logic. Load-driving capabilities for various circuits were evaluated to clarify the effects of circuit technique and device technology. Estimation of wire capacitance was made possible by obtaining empirical relationships which gave the wire length, and by developing a capacitance computing program using a finite element method. It is shown that significant merit in wire capacitance should not be expected from the semi-insulating substrate structure of GaAs LSI's. Finally, differences in logical-function capabilities among various circuits were clarified based upon empirical results. These results provide a basis for evaluating and optimizing the overall effects of introducing new technologies, as well as for interfacing computer-logic and VLSI design realms.
Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults (2013)

Daily resveratrol consumption was well tolerated and has the potential to maintain healthy circulatory function in obese adults.
Recombinant human IL-16 inhibits HIV-1 replication and protects against activation-induced cell death (AICD) (1998)

The chemoattractant cytokine IL- 16 has been reported to suppress lymphocyte activation and to inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected T cells. We have cloned and expressed human IL-16 in Escherichia coli and investigated whether the recombinant protein could regulate the level of lymphocyte apoptosis from HIV-1-infected subjects. After purification and refolding, only 2-10% of the recombinant cytokine was present in a biologically active homotetrameric form. This could explain the need for high concentrations of the bacterially derived IL- 16 to induce significant inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Addition of IL-16 to unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from HIV-1-infected subjects did not modify the observed level of spontaneous lymphocyte apoptosis. In contrast, IL-16 added to PBMC cultures stimulated with anti-CD3, anti-CD95 or dexamethasone reduced significantly the percentage of lymphocytes undergoing AICD. This effect was found to correlate with the ability of the cytokine to decrease CD95 expression on activated CD4+ T cells. Comparative studies on PBMC from healthy individuals indicated that the regulation of apoptosis levels by IL-16 is a complex phenomenon and could depend on the nature of the activator used and/or the immune status of lymphocytes tested. The outcome of CD4 cross-linking on T cells by various ligands is discussed in the context of the observed beneficial activities of IL- 16 and its potential role in the treatment of HIV disease.
Gamma-Irradiated Scrub Typhus Immunogens: Development and Duration of Immunity (1978)

The development and duration of immunity to lethal scrub typhus infection was studied in BALB/c mice vaccinated with gamma-irradiated Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, strain Karp. One intraperitoneal injection containing approximately 10(8) 50% mouse lethal doses (MLD(50)) of irradiated organisms elicited an immune response protective against challenge with 10(5) MLD(50) of viable Karp. The same mass of immunogen given in three injections at 5-day intervals increased homologous (Karp strain) protection 25-fold and heterologous (Kato strain) protection 60-fold. Further temporal expansion of the immunization regimen did not increase protection. Subcutaneous vaccination provided significant, but lower, levels of protection than were achieved by intraperitoneal immunization, but the levels of cell-transferable immunity elicited by the two routes were approximately the same. Immunologically specific protection after intraperitoneal vaccination developed rapidly enough to provide resistance against simultaneous challenge with 200 MLD(50) of Karp. Homologous immunity was protective against a 10(6)-MLD(50) challenge 7 days after completion of the three-injection regimen, remained at that level for 3 months, dropped to 10(4) MLD(50) by 9 months, and was effective against a 50-MLD(50) Karp challenge at 12 months. Protection against heterologous challenge was first observed on day 17 and peaked on day 38, when the mice resisted a 10(5)-MLD(50) Kato challenge. Thereafter, heterologous protection waned rapidly and was not significant at 6 months.
Shaping the quantization noise in high resolution digital spectroscopy: theory and experiments (2002)

By using error feedback in analog to digital converters (ADCs) it is possible to shape the quantization noise spectral density. In particular, with delta sigma (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/) oversampling ADCs, the quantization noise is pushed towards high frequencies, where it is digitally filtered out. In this paper, we theoretically discuss and experimentally verify by using a low-cost, commercial ADC for audio applications, the suitability of actual /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADCs in high-resolution spectroscopy. The beneficial effects of noise shaping result in a 7 bits increase of the original ADC resolution. The effects of the correlation between noise and signal amplitude are measured and their importance are shown to be reduced by sampling the output waveform of a spectroscopy amplifier instead of its constant peak level. The optimum filter for maximizing the much greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is derived and its use yields an experimental increase of 1 bit of the achievable resolution. These ADCs could be integrated in a digital integrated circuit with ease, thus opening the way for a completely integrated spectroscopy system.