gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological Processing of Pine Logs for Pulp and Paper Production with Phlebiopsis gigantea (1997)

Phlebiopsis gigantea (=Phanerochaete gigantea) is a white rot fungus that rapidly colonizes cut stumps, stems, and branches of pine. Two laboratory and several field studies showed that inoculation of red pine logs, Pinus resinosa, with P. gigantea reduced the pitch content of wood, facilitated bark removal, modified wood cells, and controlled detrimental sapstain. Isolations from inoculated logs revealed up to 100 and 80% colonization of the sapwood by P. gigantea after 8 weeks in the field and 32 days in the laboratory, respectively. Logs colonized by P. gigantea in both the laboratory and field showed a 9 to 71% reduction in pitch content, as well as a significant enhancement of bark removal. Examination with Simons' stain of refined wood fibers from inoculated logs revealed an increase in cell wall porosity. Blue stain fungi that cause dark discoloration of the sapwood were inhibited by inoculation with P. gigantea. These studies demonstrate that biological processing of logs with P. gigantea can result in substantial benefits to the pulp and papermaking process.
High Slew Rate Operational Amplifier (1973)

A high-performance, monolithic operational amplifier has been designed and developed. It incorporates the latest state-of-the-art circuit design techniques and fabrication technology to achieve the best performance available with current production processes. Special attention was placed on achieving high slew rate and fast settling time. Unity gain slew rates of over 2500 v/micro sec and settling times of under 50 ns were achieved at power dissipation levels of approximately 100 mW. The design was kept as simple as possible to eliminate excess parasitic capacitances and to be operated at the optimum power-speed condition for a given application
Design considerations for high power density/efficient PCB embedded inductor (2015)

This paper presents the design and implementation of high power density and highly efficient air-core embedded inductor onto Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for 280W-5A/240nH, 280W-12A/150nH and 280W-18A/50nH. The toroidal structure due to its better performance on interfacing electromagnetic fields (EMI), is investigated. In addition, thermal restrictions are considered at high current capacity by reducing the inductor size. This will bring the advantage of lower resistivity and consequently the conduction loss. Other challenges such as temperature rise optimization of high current (18A) on the PCB is also investigated. First, parameter calculation for design consideration of an embedded inductor are presented, then JMAG simulations are used to observe precisely the temperature rise profile distribution in different sections of the inductor. An optimized design to achieve high efficient inductor and simultaneously high power density is proposed and several experiments and accurate designs are shown. The primary results show an acceptable temperature rise for high current (18A) inductor without the heat sink.
1.3 V 20 ps time-to-digital converter for frequency synthesis in 90-nm CMOS (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a 20-ps time-to-digital converter (TDC) realized in 90-nm digital CMOS. It is used as a phase/frequency detector and charge pump replacement in an all-digital phase-locked loop for a fully-compliant Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) transceiver. The TDC core is based on a pseudodifferential digital architecture that makes it insensitive to nMOS and pMOS transistor mismatches. The time conversion resolution is equal to an inverter propagation delay, which is the finest logic-level regenerative timing in CMOS. The TDC is self calibrating with the estimation accuracy better than 1%. It additionally serves as a CMOS process strength estimator for analog circuits in this large system-on-chip. Measured integral nonlinearity is 0.7 least significant bits. The TDC consumes 5.3 mA raw and 1.3 mA with power management from a 1.3-V supply.
Preparation and characterization of blotinylated psoralen (1988)

Biotinylated paoralen (BPaor), a paoralen derivative containing a biotin moiety attached via a long-chain, positively charged linker, has been syntheaized and its interactions with DNA and avidin have been studied. As do other psoralen derivatives, BPsor photoreacta with DNA to form interatrand crosalinka. The biotin binds to streptavidin after the reaction of BPaor with DNA, and this property has been used to measure low levels of BPsor. modified DNA by ELISA with streptavidin and biotinylated alkaline phoaphatase. In addition, BPaor retains the biological activity of psoralen, as shown by its ability to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation at a level of 10 ng/ml.
Isolation of Pure Disubstituted <i>E</i> Olefins through Mo-Catalyzed <i>Z</i>-Selective Ethenolysis of Stereoisomeric Mixtures (2011)

Monoaryloxide-pyrrolide (MAP) complexes of molybdenum were employed for the selective ethenolysis of 1,2-disubstituted Z olefins in the presence of the corresponding E olefins. Reactions were performed in the presence of 0.02-3.0 mol % catalyst at 22 °C under 20 atm ethylene. We have demonstrated that the Z isomer of an easily accessible E:Z mixture can be destroyed through ethenolysis and the E alkene thereby isolated readily in high yield and exceptional stereoisomeric purity.
Enhanced Just-in-Time: A New Resource Reservation Protocol for Optical Burst Switching Networks (2007)

This paper proposes a new resource reservation protocol for optical burst switching networks, called enhanced just-in-time (E-JIT). E-JIT intends to improve and optimize the traditional JIT protocol, keeping all the advantages of its simplicity in terms of implementation. E-JIT aims to improve data channel scheduling, reducing the period of time in which the data channel remains in reserved status, optimizing channel utilization and reducing the burst loss probability. A performance assessment of E-JIT is presented for mesh optical burst switching networks with 16 nodes. It is shown that E-JIT may lead to a better performance than JIT for small burst loss probabilities.
<title>New high-efficiency ion-trap mobility detection system for narcotics</title> (1997)

A new patented Ion Trap Mobility Spectrometer design is presented. Conventional IMS designs typically operate below 0.1 percent efficiency. This is due primarily to electric field driven, sample ion discharge on a shutter grid. Since 99.9 percent of the sample ions generated in the reaction region are lost int his discharge process, the sensitivity of conventional systems is limited. The new design provides greater detection efficiency than conventional designs through the use of an 'ion trap' concept. The paper describes the plasma and sample ion dynamics in the reaction region of the new detector and discusses the advantages of utilizing a 'field-free' space to generate sample ions with high efficiency. Fast electronic switching is described which is used to perturb the field-free space and pulse the sample ions into the drift region for separation and subsequent detection using pseudo real-time software for analysis and display of the data. One application for this new detector is now being developed, a portable, hand-held system with switching capability for the detection of drugs and explosives. Preliminary ion spectra and sensitivity data are presented for cocaine and heroin using a hand sniffer configuration.
Detect-to-treat: development of analysis of bacilli spores in nasal mucus by surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2004)

As the war on terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq continue, future attacks both abroad and in the U.S.A. are expected. In an effort to aid civilian and military personnel, we have been investigating the potential of using a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sampling device to detect Bacillus anthracis spores in nasal swab samples. Such a device would be extremely beneficial to medical responders and management in assessing the extent of a bioterrorist attack and making detect-to-treat decisions. The disposable sample device consists of a glass capillary filled with a silver-doped sol-gel that is capable of extracting dipicolinic acid (DPA), a chemical signature of Bacilli, and generating SERS spectra. The sampling device and preliminary measurements of DPA extracted from spores and nasal mucus will be presented.
Ubisonus (2014)

We present freeform interactive speakers for creating spatial sound experiences from a variety of surfaces. Traditional surround sound systems are widely used and consist of multiple electromagnetic speakers that create point sound sources within a space. Our proposed system creates directional sound and can be easily embedded into architecture, furniture and many everyday objects. We use electrostatic loudspeaker technology made from thin, flexible, lightweight and low cost materials and can be of different size and shape. In this demonstration we will show various configurations such as single speaker, speaker array and tangible speakers for playful and exciting interactions with spatial sounds. This is an example of new possibilities for the design of various interactive surfaces.
Sparsity-driven passive tracking of underwater acoustic sources (2015)

Tracking underwater acoustic sources using passive sonar is a challenging task due to the complex interactions that acoustic signals undergo as they propagate through the undersea environment. Notwithstanding these challenges, methods for tracking acoustic sources, which assume that acoustic environmental information is available, have been proposed. These methods are challenged by their high computational complexity and often do not exploit the temporal structure inherent to the tracking problem. This work proposes a sparsity-driven approach for tracking broadband acoustic sources. Source location maps (SLMs), one per frequency, are sequentially estimated while capturing the temporal dependance between successive SLMs. Coherence across the SLMs' support is enforced to guarantee that the source-location estimates are independent of frequency. An iterative solver based on the proximal gradient method is developed to construct the SLMs. Numerical examples on real data illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Type I PRMT Inhibition Protects Against C9ORF72 Arginine-Rich Dipeptide Repeat Toxicity (2020)

Repeat expansion mutations in the C9ORF72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Repeat-associated non-AUG translation of this expansion produces dipeptide repeat proteins (DRPs). The arginine containing DRPs, polyGR and polyPR, are consistently reported to be the most toxic. Here we demonstrated that small molecule inhibition of type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) protects against polyGR and polyPR toxicity. Furthermore, our findings suggest that asymmetric dimethylation of polyGR and polyPR by Type I PRMTs plays important roles in their cytotoxicity.
Intraoperative evaluation of device placement in spine surgery using known-component 3D–2D image registration (2017)

Intraoperative x-ray radiography/fluoroscopy is commonly used to assess the placement of surgical devices in the operating room (e.g. spine pedicle screws), but qualitative interpretation can fail to reliably detect suboptimal delivery and/or breach of adjacent critical structures. We present a 3D-2D image registration method wherein intraoperative radiographs are leveraged in combination with prior knowledge of the patient and surgical components for quantitative assessment of device placement and more rigorous quality assurance (QA) of the surgical product. The algorithm is based on known-component registration (KC-Reg) in which patient-specific preoperative CT and parametric component models are used. The registration performs optimization of gradient similarity, removes the need for offline geometric calibration of the C-arm, and simultaneously solves for multiple component bodies, thereby allowing QA in a single step (e.g. spinal construct with 4-20 screws). Performance was tested in a spine phantom, and first clinical results are reported for QA of transpedicle screws delivered in a patient undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery. Simultaneous registration of ten pedicle screws (five contralateral pairs) demonstrated mean target registration error (TRE) of 1.1 ± 0.1 mm at the screw tip and 0.7 ± 0.4° in angulation when a prior geometric calibration was used. The calibration-free formulation, with the aid of component collision constraints, achieved TRE of 1.4 ± 0.6 mm. In all cases, a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed for the simultaneous solutions in comparison to previously reported sequential solution of individual components. Initial application in clinical data in spine surgery demonstrated TRE of 2.7 ± 2.6 mm and 1.5 ± 0.8°. The KC-Reg algorithm offers an independent check and quantitative QA of the surgical product using radiographic/fluoroscopic views acquired within standard OR workflow. Such intraoperative assessment could improve quality and safety, provide the opportunity to revise suboptimal constructs in the OR, and reduce the frequency of revision surgery.
Control of three-phase converters for grid-connected renewable energy systems using feedback linearization technique (2010)

This paper presents a control algorithm based on feedback linearization technique for grid-connected three-phase non-dispatchable distributed generation (DG) systems such as a wind or a solar based generator. The power electronic interface is a voltage source inverter (VSI) and the output low-pass filter is an inductance (L) or an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) circuit. The control objectives are injection of quality active power to the grid, regulation of the dc-link voltage, and regulation of reactive power to their desired values in the presence of system uncertainties and disturbances. Unlike the conventional methods which linearize the equations to design a controller working at the operating point, the proposed method of this paper is based on using a set of state variables which makes the equations globally linear for all operating points. Moreover, the method completely decouples the reactive-power and dc-link voltage control loops. The design stage is simple and engages no trial and error in adjusting the controller gains. Simulation results are also provided to confirm analytical derivations.
CD13 (human aminopeptidase N) mediates human cytomegalovirus infection (1993)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects cells by a series of processes including attachment, penetration via fusion of the envelope with the plasma membrane, and transport of the viral DNA to the nucleus. The details of the early events of HCMV infection are poorly understood. We have recently reported that CD13, human aminopeptidase N, a metalloprotease, is present on blood cells susceptible in vitro to HCMV infection (C. Söderberg, S. Larsson, S. Bergstedt-Lindqvist, and E. Möller, J. Virol. 67:3166-3175, 1993). Here we report that human CD13 is involved in HCMV infection. Antibodies directed against human CD13 not only inhibit infection but also block binding of HCMV virions to susceptible cells. Compounds known to inhibit aminopeptidase activity block HCMV infection. HCMV-resistant murine fibroblasts have heightened susceptibility to HCMV infection after transfection with complementary DNA encoding human CD13. A significant increase in binding of HCMV was observed in the CD13-expressing transfectants compared with neomycin-resistant control mouse cells. However, murine fibroblasts transfected with mutant CD13, lacking a portion of the aminopeptidase active site, remained susceptible to HCMV infection. Thus, human CD13 appears to mediate HCMV infection by a process that increases binding, but its enzymatic domain is not necessary for infection.
A Multicenter Evaluation of a Closed-Loop Anesthesia Delivery System (2015)

Our study in a multicenter setting proves the consistently better performance of automated anesthesia drug delivery compared with conventional manual control. This highlights an important advantage of an automated system for delivering standardized anesthesia, thereby overcoming differences in practices among anesthesiologists.
Elemental analysis of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy aided by an empirical spectral database (2008)

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is commonly used to identify elemental compositions of various samples. To facilitate this task, we propose the use of an elemental spectral library for single-pulsed, nanosecond LIBS in the spectral range 198-968 nm. This spectroscopic library is generated by measuring optical emissions from plasmas of 40 pure elements. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed database, we measure and analyze the LIBS spectra of pure iron and of ethanol and show that we identify these samples with a high degree of certainty.
Superplastic deformation mechanism of .DELTA./.GAMMA. duplex stainless steels. (1987)

Superplasticity of δ/γ duplex stainless steels has been studied in relation to the microstructural change during deformation in order to elucidate the role of the second phase particles. In the case of deformation in the δ/γ duplex phase region, local strain concentration within the δ-ferrite matrix due to dispersion of relatively hard γ particles and the subsequent recrystallization occur repeatedly. When the alloys containing high Cr and Mo are deformed at temperatures around 900°C, σ phase particles precipitate via eutectoid decomposition of δ-ferrite into new γ and σ phases, and the γ/σ duplex phase structure forms. The dynamic recrystallization of γ phase matrix occurs locally and intermittently, and extremely large superplasticity is also obtained. Prior cold work largely accelerates these processes, and leads to equiaxed δ/γ or γ/σ duplex structure in the early stage of deformation. The superplasticity in both cases can be obtained by subtle balance between the local strain hardening and the subsequent recrystallization, and thus the flow stress exhibits large strain rate dependence. This model can also explain granular appearance of the fracture surface as a coalescence of microvoids induced by the individual hard phase particles. In order to obtain large superplasticity, the microstructure should consist of hard particles embedded within a soft matrix and the amount of hard particles should be at least greater than 10% in the case of γ/δ duplex structure. The structure with hard phase matrix within which the soft second phase particles disperse do not exhibits superplasticity.
Editing level-set models with sketched curves (2009)

Level set models are deformable implicit surfaces where the deformation is controlled by a speed function in the level set partial differential equation (PDE). These models are widely used in computer graphics applications due to their implicit definition, low-level volumetric representation and the powerful numerical techniques used to produce the PDE-based deformation. We present a set of interactive sketch-based level-set surface editing operators. These operators allow a user to sketch curves above or on a level-set surface in order to edit the surface's shape. Once the curves are sketched the surface interactively evolves to locally fit to the curves. A user may then modify the curves in order to refine the shape of the model. The mathematics, algorithms and techniques needed to implement numerous sketch-based level set modeling capabilities are described. The speed functions that produce the surface deformations within the context of solving the level-set PDE are detailed. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the flexibility and usefulness of the editing operators.
<title>Multidimensional optical interconnection networks</title> (1990)

A family of fixed and reconfigurable optical interconnection networks offering the potential of Terabit throughput are described. The designs are based on a bus architecture that combines space, wavelength and other multiplexing methods and have the following attractive features:- graceful growth; wide-sense non-blocking operation; low space switch crosspoint count; and simple control algorithm.
Redirected T‐cell cytotoxicity to epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐overexpressing adenocarcinomas by a novel recombinant antibody, E3Bi, in vitro and in an animal model (2004)

E3Bi specifically and very efficiently redirected T cells to destroy EpCAM-overexpressing tumors both in vitro and in an animal model. These results suggest a therapeutic utility for E3Bi in the treatment of adenocarcinomas.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assays of Palmitoyl Protein Thioesterase 1 and Tripeptidyl Peptidase Activity in Dried Blood Spots for the Detection of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses in Newborns (2014)

We report new substrates for quantitative enzyme activity measurements of human palmitoyl protein thioesterase (PPT1) and tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP1) in dried blood spots from newborns using tandem mass spectrometry. Deficiencies in these enzyme activities due to inborn errors of metabolism cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. The assays use synthetic compounds that were designed to mimic the natural substrates. Incubation produces nanomole quantities of enzymatic products per a blood spot that are quantified by tandem mass spectrometry using synthetic internal standards and selected reaction monitoring. The assays utilize a minimum steps for sample workup and can be run in a duplex format for the detection of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses or potentially multiplexed with other mass spectrometry-based assays for newborn screening of lysosomal storage disorders.
Stop-Action Cardiac Computed Tomography (1977)

Computed tomographic (CT) cardiac imaging in vivo has been hampered by motion of the heart during its cardiac cycle. A technique of post data-acquisition correlation of the angular projection data using the electrocardiogram as a reference signal is described. This method produced seven "stop action" images of the heart and resulted in delineating morphological detail not recognizable on the conventional CT scan.
Gastrin gene expression is required for the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human colon cancer cells. (1996)

The majority of human colon cancers express the gastrin gene, and a significant percentage bind gastrin-like peptides. However, it is not known if gastrin gene products are physiologically relevant to the growth and proliferation of human colon cancers. To investigate the functional role of gastrin gene expression, we examined the effect of gastrin antisense (AS) RNA expression on the growth and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. The full-length human gastrin cDNA was cloned in the AS direction in a retroviral vector under the transcriptional control of human cytomegalovirus promoter. Three representative human colon cancer cell lines that expressed negligible (Colo-205A) to significant (Colo-320 and HCT-116) levels of gastrin mRNA were transfected with either AS or control vectors and subjected to various growth studies in vitro and in vivo. The proliferative and tumorigenic potential of the AS clones from the gastrin-expressing cell lines was significantly suppressed compared to that of the control clones, whereas the growth of Colo-205A-AS cells (the negative control) was similar to that of the Colo-205A-C-cells, indicating the relative specificity of the antitumorigenic effects of AS gastrin RNA expression. We believe that this is the first evidence that supports a possible critical role of gastrin gene expression in the tumorigenicity of human colon cancers that express the gastrin gene. Because > 60-80% of human colon cancers express the gastrin gene, it can be expected that the growth of a significant percentage of these cancers may be critically dependent on the expression of gastrin gene products. Therapeutic measures, such as the AS strategy used in the present study, may therefore prove to be useful in treating human colon cancers in the future.