gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic light emitting diode with a DNA biopolymer electron blocking layer (2006)

Enhanced electroluminescent efficiency using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymer complex as an electron blocking layer has been demonstrated in both green- and blue-emitting organic light emitting diodes. The resulting bio organic light emitting diodes, or BioLEDs, achieved a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.2 and 0.8 cd/A, respectively, resulting in as much as 10× higher efficiency, 30× brighter output and 3× longer lifetime than their OLED counterparts. In this paper we describe the device fabrication and present the performance of these new structures.
Laser Modification of Preformed Polymer Microchannels:  Application To Reduce Band Broadening around Turns Subject to Electrokinetic Flow (2001)

A pulsed UV excimer laser (KrF, 248 nm) was used to modify the surface charge on the side wall of hot-embossed microchannels fabricated in a poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate. Subablation level fluences, less than 2,385 mJ/cm2, were used to prevent any changes in the physical morphology of the surface. It is shown that the electroosmotic mobility, induced by an electric field applied along the length of the channel, increases by an average of 4% in the regions that have been exposed to UV laser pulses compared to nonexposed regions. Furthermore, application of UV modification to electroosmotic flow around a 90 degrees turn results in a decrease in band broadening, as measured by the average decrease in the plate height of 40% compared to flow around a nonmodified turn. The ability to modify the surface charge on specific surfaces within a preformed plastic microchannel allows for fine control, adjustment, and modulation of the electroosmotic flow without using wall coatings or changing the geometry of the channel to achieve the desired flow profile.
A subspace fitting approach to super resolution multi-line fitting and straight edge detection (1992)

A new fundamental signal processing method is developed for solving the problem of fitting multiple lines in a two-dimensional image. The proposed technique formulates the multiline fitting problem in a special parameter estimation framework such that a signal structure similar to the sensor array processing signal representation is obtained. Then, recently developed algorithms in that formalism (e.g., the ESPRIT technique) are exploited to produce superresolution estimates in this framework. The signal representation used in this formulation can be generalized in a fashion to handle both problems of line fitting (in which a set of binary-valued discrete pixels is given) and of straight edge detection (in which one starts with a gray-scale image). The proposed method possesses extensive computational speed superiority over previous single- and multiple-line fitting algorithms such as the Hough transform method. Details of the new formulation are explained, and several experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14)-mediated Cancer Cell Migration (2011)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to be key players in both extracellular matrix remodeling and cell migration during cancer metastasis. MMP-14, a membrane-anchored MMP, in particular, is closely associated with these processes. The hemopexin (PEX) domain of MMP-14 has been proposed as the modulating region involved in the molecular cross-talk that initiates cell migration through homodimerization of MMP-14 as well as heterodimerization with the cell surface adhesion molecule CD44. In this study, minimal regions required for function within the PEX domain were investigated through a series of substitution mutations. Blades I and IV were found to be involved in cell migration. We found that blade IV is necessary for MMP-14 homodimerization and that blade I is required for CD44 MMP-14 heterodimerization. Cross-talk between MMP-14 and CD44 results in phosphorylation of EGF receptor and downstream activation of the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways involved in cell migration. Based on these mutagenesis analyses, peptides mimicking the essential outermost strand motifs within the PEX domain of MMP-14 were designed. These synthetic peptides inhibit MMP-14-enhanced cell migration in a dose-dependent manner but have no effect on the function of other MMPs. Furthermore, these peptides interfere with cancer metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. Thus, targeting the MMP-14 hemopexin domain represents a novel approach to inhibit MMP-14-mediated cancer dissemination.
PAPER 15: A NEW METHOD FOR LATERAL CALLUS DISTRACTION (2010)

Introduction: Lateral callus distraction can be used to treat bone defects and increase bone diameter. However, this requires longitudinal splitting of the bone, which can be avoided by a new method.

Material and Methods: Twenty sheep were operated at the medial site of the tibia. After drilling 1 mm holes into the medullary cavity, a titanium plate with a hydroxyapatite coating was attached to the bone surface using a custom-made device

After 10 days this device was distracted 0.3 mm, twice a day until a distance of 6 mm was achieved (n=10). In the control group (n=10), the titanium plate was adjusted to a distance of 6 mm. All sheep received fluorescence labeling. 10 weeks p. o., bone formation underneath the titanium plate was investigated using pQCT, x-ray and histomorphology.

Results: In the distraction group there was 5 times more newly formed bone. >Bone columns bridging the space between the cortex and titanium plate were found. In the first 30 days, the bone formation was significantly enhanced in the distraction group as indicated by the fluorescent labeling

Conclusion: A strain induced bone formation is not only possible between two bony surfaces created by an osteotomy, but also between a bony surface and an appropriately designed implant. This new method allows for bone apposition in a large number of bones, which could not be properly treated in the past.
Gaze Manipulation for One-to-one Teleconferencing (2003)

A new algorithm is proposed for novel view generation in one-to-one teleconferencing applications. Given the video streams ac-quired by two cameras placed on either side of a computer moni-tor, the proposed algorithm synthesises images from a virtual cam-era in arbitrary position (typically located within the monitor) to facilitate eye contact. Our technique is based on an improved, dynamic-programming, stereo algorithm for efficient novel-view gen-eration. The two main contributions of this paper are: i) a new type of three-plane graph for dense-stereo dynamic-programming, that encourages correct occlusion labeling; ii) a compact geomet-ric derivation for novel-view synthesis by direct projection of the minimum-cost surface. Furthermore, this paper presents a novel algorithm for the temporal maintenance of a background model to enhance the rendering of occlusions and reduce temporal artefacts (flicker); and a cost aggregation algorithm that acts directly on our three-dimensional matching cost space. Examples are given that demonstrate the robustness of the new algorithm to spatial and temporal artefacts for long stereo video streams. These include demonstrations of synthesis of cyclopean views of extended conversational sequences. We further demon-strate synthesis from a freely translating virtual camera. 1.
Boron-Coated Straw Detectors for Backpack Monitors (2013)

The limited inventory and minute natural abundance of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He gas on Earth necessitate the adoption of new technologies for the detection of neutrons, especially in homeland security applications, where large volume deployments are required. We investigate the neutron detection efficiency of a backpack radiation detector based on an unmoderated array of boron-coated straws (BCS). A neutron module was configured that would be light and small enough to fit inside a regular-sized backpack. The module consisted of 36 tubes, arranged in two rows, for a total number of BCS detectors equal to 36 × 7=252. The overall dimensions of the neutron module were 3.18 cm × 26.7 cm × 38.1 cm, and its weight was 1.62 kg (3.57 lbs). The module was fitted immediately inside the back side of the backpack. The detectors are thus very close to the torso of the operator, which, together with a plastic scintillator for gamma detection, act as moderators for high-energy neutrons. In order to maintain a low weight, no other moderating material was installed inside the backpack. The weight of the pack containing both neutron and gamma detector panels, along with foam packing, electronics, and battery, was 5.36 kg (11.8 lbs). The compact dimensions of the design afforded use of a computer style backpack of minimal dimension providing significant additional operational advantages. The testing results indicate that, through use of high-density straw cluster detectors, the proposed design meets both neutron and gamma response government requirements for backpack monitors.
A prototype platform for system-on-chip ADC test and measurement (2009)

An optimal solution for implementing ADC built-in-self-test into a SOC design is presented. ADC linear and dynamic testing occurs in parallel which reduces test time. A signal generator produces a ramp for linear histogram measurements and a sine-wave signal for dynamic tests. This platform permits a BIST design that is predominantly a digital solution and enables accurate testing using low silicon area.
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Fanconi Anemia (1992)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive pancytopaenia, a diverse assortment of congenital malformations, and a predisposition to the development of malignancies. The extensive clinical heterogeneity observed in FA is reflected in genetic heterogeneity; the existence of 4 complementation groups has been inferred from complementation analysis. FA is putatively characterized as a DNA repair disorder since cells derived from patients are hypersensitive to DNA cross-linking agents. Although the primary defects in FA are not known, biochemical evidence supports either a direct defect in the removal of DNA cross-links or a defect in the ability of cells to respond to oxidative stress resulting from the interaction with cross-linking agents. Confirmation of either hypothesis awaits the cloning of genes defective in FA; some of the strategies to this end are discussed.
Human TCR-MHC coevolution after divergence from mice includes increased nontemplate-encoded CDR3 diversity (2017)

For thymic selection and responses to pathogens, T cells interact through their αβ T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells. How the diverse TCRs interact with a multitude of MHC molecules is unresolved. It is also unclear how humans generate larger TCR repertoires than mice do. We compared the TCR repertoire of CD4 T cells selected from a single mouse or human MHC class II (MHC II) in mice containing the human TCR gene loci. Human MHC II yielded greater thymic output and a more diverse TCR repertoire. The complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) length adjusted for different inherent V-segment affinities to MHC II. Humans evolved with greater nontemplate-encoded CDR3 diversity than did mice. Our data, which demonstrate human TCR-MHC coevolution after divergence from rodents, explain the greater T cell diversity in humans and suggest a mechanism for ensuring that any V-J gene combination can be selected by a single MHC II.
Service based Mobile Test Automation Framework for Automotive HMI (2015)

Objectives: To implement a Service based Test Automation framework for testing web services in automotive Human Machine Interface (HMI) application. In this paper, we propose a service based test automation framework for web service testing in automotive HMI (Human Machine Interface). Methods: There are number of testing frameworks available for testing mobile application; In this proposal, an automated testing framework has been designed to test services which communicate between mobile application and real vehicles (cars) using differenttechnologies web services and mobility testing tools. Findings: In our findings, a customized mobile test automation framework has been developed which can eliminate most of the errors that may exist in manual testing by human and reduce a lot of time. Moreover, the framework can easily be extended to find a broader range of testing in automotive mobile applications. The techniques and mechanisms used in creating a test automation framework leads to analyze how they can do regression testing on mobile services in an efficient manner.
Novel pixel architecture with inherent background suppression for 3D time-of-flight imaging (2005)

The time-of-flight (TOF) principle is a well known principle to acquire a scene in all three dimensions. The advantages of the knowledge of the third dimension are obvious for many kinds of applications. The distance information within the scene renders automatic systems more robust and much less complex or even enables completely new solutions. A solid-state image sensor containing 124 x 160 pixels and the corresponding 3D-camera, the so-called SwissRanger camera, has already been presented in detail in [1]. It has been shown that the SwissRanger camera achieves depth resolutions in the sub-centimeter range, corresponding to a measured time resolution of a few tens of picoseconds with respect to the speed of light (c~3•108 m/s). However, one main drawback of these so-called lock-in TOF pixels is their limited capacity to handle background illumination. Keeping in mind that in outdoor applications the optical power on the sensor originating from background illumination (e.g., sun light) may be up to a few 100 times higher than the power of the modulated illumination, the sensor requires new pixel structures eliminating or at least reducing the currently experienced restrictions in terms of background illumination. Based on a 0.6 µm CMOS/CCD technology, four new pixel architectures suppressing background illumination and/or improving the ratio of modulated signal to background signal at the pixel-output level were developed and will be presented in this paper. The theoretical principle of operation and the expected performance are described in detail, together with a sketch of the implementation of the different pixel designs at silicon level. Furthermore, test results obtained in a laboratory environment are published. The sensor structures are characterized in a high background-light environment with up to sun light conditions. The distance linearity over a range of a few meters with the mentioned light conditions is measured. At the same time, the distance resolution is plotted as a function of the target distance, the integration time and the background illumination power. This in-depth evaluation leads to a comparison of the various background suppression approaches; it also includes a comparison with the traditional pixel structure in order to highlight the benefits of the new approaches. The paper concludes by providing parameter estimations which enables the outlook to build a sensor with a high lateral resolution containing the most promising pixel.
Defective vaccine-induced immunity to <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> in P strain mice. II. Analysis of cellular responses. (1984)

Cellular immune responses against larval and adult schistosome antigens were studied in attenuated cercariae-vaccinated P and C57BL/6 mice to define differences correlating with the inability of P mice to develop vaccine-induced resistance to challenge Schistosoma mansoni infection. Vaccinated P mice failed to demonstrate delayed hypersensitivity upon skin-testing with soluble worm antigens, whereas mice of the highly resistant strain C57BL/6 developed a significant 24-hr response to worm antigens in vivo. Also, when schistosome antigens were injected i.p., vaccinated P mice failed to exhibit an activated macrophage response in vivo, whereas vaccinated C57BL/6 mice developed macrophages with significant larvicidal and tumoricidal activity at the site of specific antigen challenge. Immune sera from either vaccinated C57BL/6 or P mice were equally effective at opsonizing the schistosomula targets in the larvicidal assay. In vitro analyses of cellular defects revealed that although T lymphocytes from vaccinated P mice showed blastogenic responses to schistosome antigens that were similar in magnitude and kinetics to those of cells from the C57BL/6 animals, T cells from C57BL/6 mice produced higher levels of macrophage-activating lymphokines (LK), including gamma-interferon. Macrophages from control C57BL/6 mice were also more responsive to activation by LK than macrophages from P mice were, as assessed by stimulation of these cells to kill skin-stage schistosomula in vitro. These two aspects of cellular dysfunction in P mice had the combined effect of rendering P macrophages incapable of activation by LK from mice of their own strain, whereas macrophages from C57BL/6 mice were strongly activated by LK from vaccinated C57BL/6 mice in the same assays. Thus, a correlation exists between T lymphocyte/macrophage dysfunction and lack of resistance to challenge infection in vaccinated P mice, which suggests that delayed hypersensitivity response plays a major role in the immunity to S. mansoni infection that is induced by exposure to radiation-attenuated cercariae.
Construction of Complex Cyclobutane Building Blocks by Photosensitized [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Boronate Esters (2021)

Cyclobutyl moieties in drug molecules are rare, and in general, they are minimally substituted and stereochemically simple. Methods to assemble structurally complex cyclobutane building blocks suitable for rapid diversification are thus highly desirable. We report herein a photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloaddition with vinyl boronate esters affording straightforward access to complex, densely functionalized cyclobutane scaffolds. Mechanistic studies suggest an activation mode involving energy transfer to the styrenyl alkene rather than the vinyl boronate ester.
Uroplakin II gene is expressed in transitional cell carcinoma but not in bilharzial bladder squamous cell carcinoma: alternative pathways of bladder epithelial differentiation and tumor formation. (1998)

Uroplakins (UPs) are integral membrane proteins that are synthesized as the major differentiation products of mammalian urothelium. We have cloned the human UP-II gene and localized it on chromosome 11q23. A survey of 50 transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) revealed a UP-II polymorphism but no tumor-specific mutations. Immunohistochemical staining using rabbit antisera against a synthetic peptide of UP-II and against total UPs showed UP reactivity in 39.5% (17 of 43 cases) of conventional TCCs, 12.8% (5 of 39) of bilharzial-related TCCs, and 2.7% (1 of 36) of bilharzial-related squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The finding that fewer bilharzial TCCs express UPs than conventional TCCs (12.8 versus 40%) raised the possibility that the former are heterogeneous, expressing SCC features to varying degrees. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that urothelium can undergo at least three pathways of differentiation: (a) urothelium-type pathway; (b) epidermis-type pathway; and (c) glandular-type pathway, characterized by the production of UPs, K1/K10 keratins, and secreted glycoproteins, respectively. Vitamin A deficiency and mesenchymal factors may play a role in determining the relative contributions of these pathways to urothelial differentiation as well as to the formation of TCC, SCC, and adenocarcinoma, or a mixture thereof.
ChemInform Abstract: IDENTIFICATION OF THE FEMALE JAPANESE BEETLE SEX PHEROMONE‐ INHIBITION OF MALE RESPONSE BY AN ENANTIOMER (1977)

Abstract Das Sex‐Pheromon (I) weiblicher Japankäfer (Popillia japonica) wurde isoliert und seine Wirkun auf Männchen in Feldversuchen nachgewiesen.
Development of a High-Throughput Assay To Measure the Neutralization Capability of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Antibodies (2013)

Infection by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) elicits a strong humoral immune response and robust anti-CMV antibody production. Diagnosis of virus infection can be carried out by using a variety of serological assays; however, quantification of serum antibodies against CMV may not present an accurate measure of a patient's ability to control a virus infection. CMV strains that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins can be used as screening tools for evaluating characteristics of CMV infection in vitro. In this study, we employed a CMV virus strain, AD169, that ectopically expresses a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fused to the immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein product (AD169IE2-YFP) to quantify a CMV infection in human cells. We created a high-throughput cell-based assay that requires minimal amounts of material and provides a platform for rapid analysis of the initial phase of virus infection, including virus attachment, fusion, and immediate-early viral gene expression. The AD169IE2-YFP cell infection system was utilized to develop a neutralization assay with a monoclonal antibody against the viral surface glycoprotein gH. The high-throughput assay was extended to measure the neutralization capacity of serum from CMV-positive subjects. These findings describe a sensitive and specific assay for the quantification of a key immunological response that plays a role in limiting CMV dissemination and transmission. Collectively, we have demonstrated that a robust high-throughput infection assay can analyze the early steps of the CMV life cycle and quantify the potency of biological reagents to attenuate a virus infection.
Interband Cascade Lasers with External Differential Quantum Efficiency > 50% at Room Temperature (2013)

We report 7-stage thick-separate-confinement interband cascade lasers with emission at λ = 3.1–3.8 μm and pulsed external differential quantum efficiency up to 55% at room temperature, which corresponds to internal loss < 3 cm−1.
Total internal reflection photoacoustic detection spectroscopy (2011)

Total Internal Reflection Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (TIRPAS) is a method that exploits the evanescent field of a nanosecond duration laser pulse reflecting off a glass/water interface to generate photoacoustic responses. These photoacoustic events are generated in light absorbing analytes suspended in the fluid medium in contact with the glass that are within the penetration depth of the evanescent wave. This method has been employed in previous studies by Hinoue et al. Hinoue et al. used an optically chopped HeNe laser at 632.8 nm to detect Brilliant Blue FCF dye at different angles of incidence. In recent years, the advent of high power nanosecond pulsed tunable lasers has allowed for the re-visitation of the TIRPAS idea under stress confinement and orders of magnitude larger peak energy conditions. Compared to conventional detection methods, this approach has the potential to detect much smaller quantities of disease indicators, such as circulating tumor cells and hemazoin crystals in malaria, than other optical methods. The detection limit of the TIRPAS system was quantified using chlorazol black solution with an absorption coefficient of 55 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 532 nm. Interaction with the evanescent field was verified by varying the angle of incidence of the probe laser beam that generated the photoacoustic waves, thereby changing the penetration depth of the evanescent field as well as the photoacoustic spectroscopy effect from angled excitation.