gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOSFET effective channel length, threshold voltage, and series resistance determination by robust optimization (1992)

MOSFET parameters, such as effective channel length, series resistance, and channel mobility, are important for process control and device design. These parameters are typically obtained from intercepts and slopes of plots of intermediate quantities, such as peak transconductance, derived from I-V data. Commonly, the intercept of a plot is found by extrapolation. However, the extrapolation process is sensitive to measurement errors. In addition, the plots often show nonlinear behavior, hence slopes and intercepts cannot be determined accurately. It is shown how these problems can be overcome by using a nonlinear optimization procedure to determine those MOSFET parameters, by explicitly identifying them as the parameters of a simple, widely used MOSFET model that is a good approximation in the triode region of operation. The results of five tests of robustness and accuracy that show that the method is significantly more accurate and robust than a number of other methods are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FabZK: Supporting Privacy-Preserving, Auditable Smart Contracts in Hyperledger Fabric (2019)

On a Blockchain network, transaction data are exposed to all participants. To preserve privacy and confidentiality in transactions, while still maintaining data immutability, we design and implement FabZK. FabZK conceals transaction details on a shared ledger by storing only encrypted data from each transaction (e.g., payment amount), and by anonymizing the transactional relationship (e.g., payer and payee) between members in a Blockchain network. It achieves both privacy and auditability by supporting verifiable Pedersen commitments and constructing zero-knowledge proofs. FabZK is implemented as an extension to the open source Hyperledger Fabric. It provides APIs to easily enable data privacy in both client code and chaincode. It also supports on-demand, automated auditing based on encrypted data. Our evaluation shows that FabZK offers strong privacy-preserving capabilities, while delivering reasonable performance for the applications developed based on its framework.
Premixed Cement Paste (1989)

An extensive study was made for evaluation of strength performance during normal concrete production. A comparison was made between the strength of a conventionally mixed concrete and that of concrete produced with premixed paste. The study reported here investigated various premixer operating parameters including mixer speed, mixing time, and batch size. The paste mixer and batching/mixing plant are described, and details are given of the testing program and evaluation. The results confirm the improved performance of portland cement concrete containing premixed paste under most of the conditions examined and mixtures tested. The field study results show that the performance of the paste mixer relates to at least 4 parameters: mix porportions; batch size; mixer RPM; mixing time. Under optimum conditions at this stage of mixer development, paste premixing can produce a significant improvement in compressive strength in excess of 20% at 28 days.
Measurement of ∼10 fs XUV pulses from high-order harmonic generation (2003)

Summary form only given. High harmonic generation is unique as a source of coherent soft-X-ray (XUV) light because of its extremely short pulse duration, high spatial coherence, and compact size. Several theories have predicted that attosecond pulses might be generated using high order harmonic generation excited by ultrashort pulses. However, to date the fastest harmonic pulse duration measurements published were performed using laser pulses longer than 25 fs. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a cross-correlation measurement which sets an upper limit of /spl sim/10 fs on the pulse duration of XUV harmonics.
Advanced control solutions for enhanced resilience of modern power-electronic-interfaced distribution systems (2019)

Modern power delivery systems are rapidly evolving with high proliferation of power-electronic (PE)-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs). Compared to the conventional sources of generation, the PE-interfaced DERs, e.g., solar and wind resources, are attributed substantially different characteristics such as lower overload capability and limited frequency response patterns. This paper focuses on effective management and control mechanisms for PE-interfaced DERs in power distribution systems with high penetration of renewables, particularly under fault, voltage-sag, load variations, and other prevailing conditions in the grid. Aiming at the solutions to enhance the system performance resilience, we introduce an advanced model predictive control (MPC) based scheme to control the DER units, minimize the impact of transients and disruptions, speed up the response and recovery of particular metrics and parameters, and maintain an acceptable operation condition. The performance of the suggested control scheme is tested on a modified IEEE 34-bus test feeder, where the proposed solution demonstrates its effectiveness to minimize the system transient during faults, with an enhanced grid-edge and system-wide resilience characteristics in voltage profiles.
Ldr2Hdr (2007)

New generations of display devices promise to provide significantly improved dynamic range over conventional display technology. In the long run, evolving camera technology and file formats will provide high fidelity content for these display devices. In the near term, however, the vast majority of images and video will only be available in low dynamic range formats.
Identification of beta-oncofetal antigen in cervical squamous cancer and its demonstration in neoplastic and normal tissues. (1978)

An extract of a human cervical squamous carcinoma was used to produce rabbit antiserum with immunoreactivity against an antigen in several types of normal and neoplastic tissues. This antigen was abundant in cervical cancer as well as in normal adult and fetal kidney and liver. The antigen had a beta mobility in immunoelectrophoresis and a molecular weight range of 74, 000 to 90,000 as determined by gel chromatography. Since some of its properties were similar to those of the beta-oncofetal antigen described by Fritsche and Mach, a comparison was undertaken that indeed revealed identical immunoreactivity of the anti-beta-oncofetal antigen and anti-cervical cancer antisera when reacted in immunodiffusion against a cervical cancer extract. These results do not support the designation of this antigen as an oncofetal antigen.
« Gestion en commun » ou accès ouvert autorisé ? (2019)

L’analyse des modes d’acces aux ressources agro-halio-pastorales et des coordinations entre « usagers » du lac Tchad (Cameroun) montre des formes originales de gouvernance : absence de groupe en capacite d’exclure et de reguler les prelevements ; prevalence d’ajustements mutuels ; quelques formes d’action collective et regulation des conflits par les autorites autorisant l’acces. Si ce dernier est effectivement partage, il n'y a pas de « communs » au sens de ressources appropriees par un groupe social, ni de gestion intentionnelle visant a assurer la reproduction de la ressource. Ce cas interroge la pertinence de la notion de « communs » comme entree analytique dans l'etude des situations de ressources naturelles partagees. Il appelle a mieux caracteriser la diversite des formes de gouvernance et rend pertinent la categorie d’acces ouvert autorise pour qualifier la gouvernance du pluri-usage sur les rives du lac.
2015 개정 사회과 교육과정에서 지리교육의 정체성과 대응 (2016)

교육은 어떤 목적 아래 인간을 양성하기 위하여 행해지는 과정(process)과 실천(practice)이다. 그 과정과 실천의 내용을 담은 것이 교육과정이다. 교육과정의 변화는 학교 교육내용 뿐만 아니라 교육의 기본 방향, 교수-학습 내용, 그리고 교사 양성과 대학입학시험에도 영향을 미친다. 이와 함께 지리과목의 중요성에 대한 대·내외적 인식의 차이도 실제 교육과정 협의 과정에서는 중요하게 작용하였다. 협의 과정에서 국가 수준의 교육과정에는 인식론적 그리고 정치적 긴장이 내재돼 있어 합리적이거나 논리적인 접근보다 우선하는 경우가 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 교육과정의 개정에서 지리과의 정체성과 대응 전략이 어떻게 드러났는지를 살펴보고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 또한 교육과정 연구와 협의과정에서 나타나는 지리교육의 내외적 문제점을 성찰하고 향후 지리교육과정의 질적 제고와 미래지향적 방향에 초석이 되고자 한다.
Structure–neurotoxicity relationships of amyloid β-protein oligomers (2009)

Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) oligomers may be the proximate neurotoxins in Alzheimer's disease (AD). "Oligomer" is an ill-defined term because many kinds have been reported and they often exist in rapid equilibrium with monomers and higher-order assemblies. We report here results of studies in which specific oligomers have been stabilized structurally, fractionated in pure form, and then studied by using a combination of CD spectroscopy, Thioflavin T fluorescence, EM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and neurotoxicity assays. Abeta monomers were largely unstructured, but oligomers exhibited order-dependent increases in beta-sheet content. EM and AFM data suggest that dimerization and subsequent monomer addition are processes in which significant and asymmetric monomer conformational changes occur. Oligomer secondary structure and order correlated directly with fibril nucleation activity. Neurotoxic activity increased disproportionately (order dependence >1) with oligomer order. The structure-activity correlations reported here significantly extend our understanding of the conformational dynamics, structure, and relative toxicity of pure Abeta oligomers of specific order.
Slot antenna 2.45 GHz microwave plasma source (1994)

A new large-volume microwave plasma source of interest for technological applications has been developed. An annular waveguide resonator with axial slots on its inner side acts as a field applicator to sustain a plasma at 2.45 GHz in a fused silica cylinder of 16 cm in diameter and 49 cm in length. The distance between slots is equal to a waveguide wave length. The slot antenna (SLAN) extends axially for about 9 cm. The plasma fills the tube axially as a result of surface wave propagation at the plasma-fused silica interface. The geometrical properties of the source were optimized by use of a numerical code allowing calculation of electric and magnetic fields inside the slot antenna. The calculated field patterns fit perfectly to those collected by use of a small loop antenna inside the SLAN without a plasma. A long time stable operation of the plasma source for pressure range from 0.01 to 1 mbar and power range from 50 to 1200 W was achieved. Argon plasma was characterized by use of a double Langmuir probe. Typical results are an ion density of 1.2*1012 cm-3 and an electron temperature of 1.2 eV*11604 K eV-1 for a microwave power of 1.2 kW and a gas pressure of 1 mbar. The worst case azimuthal variation of the ion density for high pressure (1 mbar) does not exceed 25%. For low pressure (0.01 mbar) the azimuthal homogeneity is better than 5%.
Estrogen protects against ??-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons by activation of Akt (2001)

The cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of estrogen are only beginning to be elucidated. Here we examined the role of protein kinase B (Akt) activation in 17beta-estradiol (E2) inhibition of beta-amyloid peptide (31-35) (Abeta31-35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Abeta31-35 (25-30 betaM) significantly decreased the total number of microtubule associated protein-2 positive cells (MAP2+). This decrease was significantly reversed by pre-treatment with 100 nM E2. Further, 100 nM E2 alone significantly increased the total number of protein kinase B and microtubule associated protein-2 positive cells compared with controls. Such E2-induced increases were inhibited by LY294002 (20 microM), a specific PI3-K inhibitor, as well as by tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist/selective estrogen receptor modulator. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of E2 may be mediated at least in part via estrogen receptor-mediated protein kinase B activation.
Molecular analysis of dimethyl sulphide dehydrogenase from <i>Rhodovulum sulfidophilum</i>: its place in the dimethyl sulphoxide reductase family of microbial molybdopterin‐containing enzymes (2002)

Dimethyl sulphide dehydrogenase catalyses the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide to dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) during photoautotrophic growth of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. Dimethyl sulphide dehydrogenase was shown to contain bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)Mo, the form of the pterin molybdenum cofactor unique to enzymes of the DMSO reductase family. Sequence analysis of the ddh gene cluster showed that the ddhA gene encodes a polypeptide with highest sequence similarity to the molybdopterin-containing subunits of selenate reductase, ethylbenzene dehydrogenase. These polypeptides form a distinct clade within the DMSO reductase family. Further sequence analysis of the ddh gene cluster identified three genes, ddhB, ddhD and ddhC. DdhB showed sequence homology to NarH, suggesting that it contains multiple iron-sulphur clusters. Analysis of the N-terminal signal sequence of DdhA suggests that it is secreted via the Tat secretory system in complex with DdhB, whereas DdhC is probably secreted via a Sec-dependent mechanism. Analysis of a ddhA mutant showed that dimethyl sulphide dehydrogenase was essential for photolithotrophic growth of Rv. sulfidophilum on dimethyl sulphide but not for chemo-trophic growth on the same substrate. Mutational analysis showed that cytochrome c2 mediated photosynthetic electron transfer from dimethyl sulphide dehydrogenase to the photochemical reaction centre, although this cytochrome was not essential for photoheterotrophic growth of the bacterium.
Reduced ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and enhanced OKT10 and HLA-DR expression on CD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: evidence of CD8 cell immaturity. (1985)

Markedly reduced ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 27 out of 30 homosexual men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in association with Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS; 2.67 +/- 1.70 U/10(6) cells; n = 13), opportunistic infections (AIDS-OI; 9.29 +/- 7.32; n = 7), or the AIDS-related complex (ARC; 9.82 +/- 6.12; n = 10). These values were significantly different from healthy controls (22.70 +/- 4.58; p less than 0.001). In AIDS-KS patients, both T cells and non-T cells exhibited significantly reduced ecto-5'-NT activity (p less than 0.001). AIDS-KS CD8 cells contained 20% of the mean ecto-5'-NT activity (7.04 +/- 3.53) displayed by control CD8 cells (34.07 +/- 4.86; p less than 0.001). No significant difference in enzyme level was observed between control and AIDS-KS CD4 cells (11.93 +/- 4.98 vs 7.98 +/- 3.28, respectively). In AIDS patients, lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity was inversely related (r = -0.518; p less than 0.01) to the absolute number of OKT10+ cells, but no correlation was found with the number of HLA-DR+ cells (r =-0.224). Two-color analysis of lymphocytes from AIDS-KS patients revealed that 75 +/- 12% of circulating CD8 cells expressed the OKT10 antigen, whereas only 10 +/- 6% of control CD8 cells did. HLA-DR antigens, which are not normally found on circulating resting T cells, were expressed in AIDS-KS CD8 cells, although to a lesser extent than OKT10. These data demonstrate that most AIDS CD8 cells differ from control CD8 cells. Although it has been suggested that these cells are activated cytotoxic or suppressor cells, the data presented here support the hypothesis they are immature. Reduced T cell ecto-5'-NT activity and enhanced expression of OKT10 and HLA-DR antigens on circulating CD8 cells, in conjunction with lack of transferrin receptor-(OKT9) and IL 2 receptor-(Tac) bearing lymphocytes, sustain this latter hypothesis. The correlation of the numerical reduction of CD4 cells with the reduced levels of ecto-5'-NT (r = 0.606; p less than 0.01) suggests that the abnormal maturation of CD8 cells seen in AIDS might be a consequence of the CD4 deficiency characteristic of this syndrome.
Problems in neurolocalization. (1992)

A complete neurologic examination is essential to manage patients with thoracolumbar or cervical intervertebral disc herniations appropriately. The neurologic examination provides an assessment of the severity of the lesion and allows the lesion to be accurately localized. This chapter will review the basic principles of localizing the compressive spinal and lesions and will discuss some specific problems encountered in localizing thoracolumbar and cervical intervertebral disc herniations.
Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination of Commercial Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) Hybrids in Mississippi (2002)

Resistance to mycotoxin contamination was compared in field samples harvested from 45 commercial corn (maize) hybrids and 5 single-cross aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines in years with high and moderate heat stress. In high heat stress, mycotoxin levels were (4.34 +/- 0.32) x 10(3) microg/kg [(0.95-10.5 x 10(3) microg/kg] aflatoxins and 11.2 +/- 1.2 mg/kg (0-35 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 370 +/- 88 microg/kg (140-609 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 4.0 +/- 1.3 mg/kg (1.7-7.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. Deoxynivalenol was detected (one-fourth of the samples, 0-1.5 mg/kg), but not zearalenone. In moderate heat stress, mycotoxin levels were 6.2 +/- 1.6 microg/kg (0-30.4 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-4.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 1.6 +/- 0.7 microg/kg (0-7 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-3.0 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. The results are consistent with heat stress playing an important role in the susceptibility of corn to both aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, with significant reductions of both aflatoxins and fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines.
Strip and line path integrals with a square pixel matrix: a unified theory for computational CT projections (1988)

Calculated forward projection techniques have been used for various purposes in computerized tomography applications, and several models have been proposed to simulate the tomography projection process. Since the area weighted strip integral is one of the best models, methods to facilitate the computation of strip integrals would be very useful. In particular, a triangular subtraction technique with a reduced number of weighting factors is proposed for the calculation of the strip integral. A unified path integral theory is also proposed to bridge various models and to clarify the integral interaction when a line or a strip passes through a square pixel matrix.
Lomofungin and dilomofungin: inhibitors of MBNL1-CUG RNA binding with distinct cellular effects (2014)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder resulting from expression of RNA containing an expanded CUG repeat (CUG(exp)). The pathogenic RNA is retained in nuclear foci. Poly-(CUG) binding proteins in the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family are sequestered in foci, causing misregulated alternative splicing of specific pre-mRNAs. Inhibitors of MBNL1-CUG(exp) binding have been shown to restore splicing regulation and correct phenotypes in DM1 models. We therefore conducted a high-throughput screen to identify novel inhibitors of MBNL1-(CUG)12 binding. The most active compound was lomofungin, a natural antimicrobial agent. We found that lomofungin undergoes spontaneous dimerization in DMSO, producing dilomofungin, whose inhibition of MBNL1-(CUG)12 binding was 17-fold more potent than lomofungin itself. However, while dilomofungin displayed the desired binding characteristics in vitro, when applied to cells it produced a large increase of CUG(exp) RNA in nuclear foci, owing to reduced turnover of the CUG(exp) transcript. By comparison, the monomer did not induce CUG(exp) accumulation in cells and was more effective at rescuing a CUG(exp)-induced splicing defect. These results support the feasibility of high-throughput screens to identify compounds targeting toxic RNA, but also demonstrate that ligands for repetitive sequences may have unexpected effects on RNA decay.
Structural displacement monitoring using deep learning-based full field optical flow methods (2019)

Current vision-based displacement measurement methods have limitations such as being in need of manual targets and parameter adjustment, and significant user involvement to reach the desired result. This study proposes a novel structural displacement measurement method using deep learning-based full field optical flow methods. The performance of the proposed method is verified via a laboratory experiment conducted on a grandstand structure with a comparative study, where the same data samples are analysed with a commonly used vision-based method, and a displacement sensor measurement is used as the ground truth. Statistical analysis of the comparative results show that the proposed method gives higher accuracy than the traditional optical flow algorithm and shows consistent results in compliance with displacement sensor measurements. Image collection, tracking, and non-uniform sampling are investigated in the experimental data and suggestions are made to obtain more accurate displacement measurements. A field-validation on a footbridge showed that the measurement error induced by the camera motion is mitigated by a camera motion subtraction procedure. The proposed method has good potential to be applied by structural engineers, who have little or no experience in computer vision and image processing, to do vision-based displacement measurements.
Comparative Assessment of Various Islanding Detection Methods for AC and DC Microgrid (2020)

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based energy resources for a pollution-free operation. But the integration of these DERs to the main grid comes with certain challenges, out of which islanding detection is of prior importance. This literature provides a review of existing techniques used for islanding detection in AC and DC microgrid along with their advantages and shortcomings.
The effect of training on mitochondrial mitophagy factors in obese male rats (2022)

هدف: میتوفاژی می­تواند به کنترل کیفیت میتوکندری کمک کند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرین بر عوامل میتوفاژی میتوکندری در موش های صحرایی نر چاق بود.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 40 سر موش صحرایی نر (میانگین وزن20±120 گرم) پس از القاء چاقی با رژیم غذایی پرچرب (به مدت 10 هفته)، 8 سر موش صحرایی از گروه رژیم غذایی پرچرب (O) و 8 سر موش صحرایی گروه رژیم غذایی استاندارد (C) برای بررسی القای چاقی تشریح شدند و سایر موش‌های صحرایی چاق به‌طور تصادفی به 3 گروه کنترل چاق (OC)، تمرین تداومی با شدت متوسط (MICT) و تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا (HIIT) تقسیم شدند. HIIT شامل 10 مرتبه‌ فعالیت 4 دقیقه‌ای با شدت 90-85 درصد VO2max و دفعه های استراحت فعال 2 دقیقه‌ای و برنامه MICT نیز 5 جلسه در هر هفته با شدت 70-65 درصد VO2max به مدت 12 هفته اجرا شد. سطوح bcl2 و پارکین با استفاده از روش الکتروفورز ژل و وسترن بلات اندازه­گیری شد. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی توکی در سطح معنا‌داری 05/0P≤ تجزیه و تحلیل شد.نتایج: نتایج نشان داد هر دو مداخله تمرین HIIT و MICT به افزایش معنا دار bcl2 و پارکین عضله نعلی نسبت به گروه کنترل منجر شدند (05/0P<). تفاوت معنا‌داری بین دو گروه HIIT و MICT در سطوح bcl2و پارکین رت‌های چاق وجود نداشت (05/0<P).نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، به نظر می‌رسد که HIIT و MICT می­توانند به کاهش تخریب و اختلال میتوکندری در عضله اسکلتی طی چاقی کمک کنند.