gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yesquel (2015)

Web applications have been shifting their storage systems from sql to nosql systems. nosql systems scale well but drop many convenient sql features, such as joins, secondary indexes, and/or transactions. We design, develop, and evaluate Yesquel, a system that provides performance and scalability comparable to nosql with all the features of a sql relational system. Yesquel has a new architecture and a new distributed data structure, called YDBT, which Yesquel uses for storage, and which performs well under contention by many concurrent clients. We evaluate Yesquel and find that Yesquel performs almost as well as Redis---a popular nosql system---and much better than mysql Cluster, while handling sql queries at scale.
Method for Measuring Fiber Orientation on Paper Surface. (1995)

A method for measuring fiber orientation on paper surface was developed. The technique is based on light reflection from the each side of fibers which exist on the surface of paper. In this method. a plane which involves an incident light axis and a reflected light axis is inclined against the plane of the ordinary specular reflection. By using this inclined optical arrangement, the greater angular anisotropy of reflected light intensity was observed in comparison with other reflection methods.By using the polarized light perpendicular to the incidence-reflection plane and measuring the reflected light being polarized perpendicularly to the same plane, the observed anisotropy became greater.Furthermore the reduction of diffused light was examined. Illuminated light penetrates into paper and the light is diffused by fibers. The diffused light is also emitted from the paper surface. Consequently, the observed reflected light contains the diffused light. Treatment of carbon vapor deposition prevented the illuminated light from penetration, and the greatest anisotropy was obtained.The polarized light perpendicular to the incidence-reflection plane and the polarized light parallel to the plane were measured respectively, and the intensity difference between the former and the latter was used for calculating orientation parameters. The observed anisotropy was enhanced without surface treatment.We made the apparatus according to this method and used it for measuring z-directional profiles of fiber orientation in previous work presented in '92 PAN-PAC PPTC. Moreover we got a good correlation between orientation angle and curl with a bias axis.
High Resolution, Single-Step Patterning of Silica Aerogels (2003)

Three-dimensional metallic structures are fabricated with high spatial resolution in silica aerogels. In our method, silica hydrogels are prepared with a standard base-catalyzed route, and exchanged with an aqueous solution typically containing Ag' ions (1 M) and 2-propanol (0.2 M). The metal ions are reduced photolytically with a table-top ultraviolet lamp, or radiolytically, with a focused X-ray beam. We fabricated dots and lines as small as 30 x 70 km, protruding for several mm into the bulk of the materials. The hydrogels are eventually supercritically dried to yield aerogels, without any measurable change in the shape and spatial resolution of the lithographed structures. Transmission electron microscopy shows that illuminated regions are composed of Ag clusters with a size of several pm, separated by thin layers of silica.
Glass interposer integrated millimeter wave antennas for inter-/intra chip communications (2015)

Millimeter wave antennas are integrated in the glass interposer layer for wireless inter-/intra chip/board communications. For in-plane communication, a disc loaded monopole antenna with an omni-directional radiation pattern is designed while for out-of plane communication, a similar architecture with patch mode radiation is configured. These antennas are useful for wireless interconnects in three dimensional integrated systems in package.
Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence using a quartz substrate to reduce limits of detection (2010)

A Photonic Crystal (PC) surface fabricated upon a quartz substrate using nanoimprint lithography has been demonstrated to enhance light emission from fluorescent molecules in close proximity to the PC surface. Quartz was selected for its low autofluorescence characteristics compared to polymer-based PCs, improving the detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PC Enhanced Fluorescence (PCEF). Nanoimprint lithography enables economical fabrication of the subwavelength PCEF surface structure over entire 1x3 in2 quartz slides. The demonstrated PCEF surface supports a transverse magnetic (TM) resonant mode at a wavelength of λ = 632.8 nm and an incident angle of θ = 11°, which amplifies the electric field magnitude experienced by surface-bound fluorophores. Meanwhile, another TM mode at a wavelength of λ = 690 nm and incident angle of θ = 0° efficiently directs the fluorescent emission toward the detection optics. An enhancement factor as high as 7500 × was achieved for the detection of LD-700 dye spin-coated upon the PC, compared to detecting the same material on an unpatterned glass surface. The detection of spotted Alexa-647 labeled polypeptide on the PC exhibits a 330 × SNR improvement. Using dose-response characterization of deposited fluorophore-tagged protein spots, the PCEF surface demonstrated a 140 × lower limit of detection compared to a conventional glass substrate.
High-frequency enhanced based on high-resolution synthetic spectrum quantitative phase imaging (2021)

According to the phase gradient transfer function (PGTF) derived from the phase space theory, the phase recovery algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) has the problem that the high-frequency phase is underestimated due to the coherence effect of the limited aperture system under partially coherent illumination. Therefore, based on the theory of PGTF and phase transfer function (PTF), a phase reconstruction algorithm named high-resolution synthetic spectrum (HSS) method combining the TIE and the PTF-based deconvolution is proposed. This technique broadens the application range and provides high contrast, high accuracy, and highresolution quantitative phase results with high robustness. The performances of this technology are demonstrated by simulation and experiments, showing efficient for phase retrieval in the near-Fresnel region. Such a highresolution method can offer a flexible and cost-effective alternative for biomedical research and cell analysis, providing new avenues to design powerful computational imaging systems
Computerized analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns using fractal analysis (2003)

Mammographic parenchymal patterns have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk. Fractal-based texture analyses, including box-counting methods and Minkowski dimension, were performed within parenchymal regions of normal mammograms of BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutation carriers and within those of women at low risk for developing breast cancer. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of the computerized radiographic markers in the task of distinguishing between high and low-risk subjects. A multifractal phenomenon was observed with the fractal analyses. The high frequency component of fractal dimension from the conventional box-counting technique yielded an Az value of 0.84 in differentiating between two groups, while using the LDA to estimate the fractal dimension yielded an Az value of 0.91 for the high frequency component. An Az value of 0.82 was obtained with fractal dimensions extracted using the Minkowski algorithm.
Quantitative plaque features from coronary computed tomography angiography to identify regional ischemia by myocardial perfusion imaging (2016)

Quantitative plaque features obtained from CCTA, LDNCP, and CD, are associated with ischemia by MPI independent of stenosis. LDNCP burden and CD are associated with ischemia in stenosis 30-69% and ≥ 70%, respectively.
Speckle processing method for synthetic-aperture-radar phase correction (1989)

Uncompensated phase errors present in synthetic-aperture-radar data can have a disastrous effect on reconstructed image quality. We present a new iterative algorithm that holds promise of being a robust estimator and corrector for arbitrary phase errors. Our algorithm is similar in many respects to speckle processing methods currently used in optical astronomy. We demonstrate its ability to focus scenes containing large amounts of phase error regardless of the phase-error structure or its source. The algorithm works extremely well in both high and low signal-to-clutter conditions without human intervention.
Parallel adaptive on-line error-path modelling algorithm for active noise control systems (1992)

A parallel on-line error-path modelling algorithm for active noise control systems is mathematically derived and analysed. The novel feature is the use of a pure delay unit to achieve precise modelling of the error path. A switch scheme is also proposed to improve performance of the overall system.
Structures of activin ligand traps using natural sets of type I and type II TGFβ receptors (2021)

The 30+ unique ligands of the TGFβ family signal by forming complexes using different combinations of type I and type II receptors. Therapeutically, the extracellular domain of a single receptor fused to an Fc molecule can effectively neutralize subsets of ligands. Increased ligand specificity can be accomplished by using the extracellular domains of both the type I and type II receptor to mimic the naturally occurring signaling complex. Here, we report the structure of one "type II-type I-Fc" fusion, ActRIIB-Alk4-Fc, in complex with two TGFβ family ligands, ActA, and GDF11, providing a snapshot of this therapeutic platform. The study reveals that extensive contacts are formed by both receptors, replicating the ternary signaling complex, despite the inherent low affinity of Alk4. Our study shows that low-affinity type I interactions support altered ligand specificity and can be visualized at the molecular level using this platform.
Optical imaging of charged particle tracks in a gas. Final report (1995)

The development of a new detector designed to optically image the track of a charged particle in a gas is outlined. In the detector, a pulsed high-voltage (up to {approx} 30--40 kV), high-frequency (f = 27.125 MHz) RF field is temporarily applied (pulse duration {approx} 1--3 {mu}s) across a pair of electrodes, immediately following, or alternatively, just prior to the passage of a charged particle through the chamber. The pulsed RF field excites the subexcitation electrons left along the particle`s path leading to excitation and ionization of the surrounding gas and the emission of light. The track is then imaged by a fast intensified digital camera (shutter speed {approx} 0.1--5 {mu}s). The image is recorded in a two-dimensional pixel array (512 {times} 512 pixels) within the camera, and transferred to a computer for later analysis. The detector has been operated over the total gas pressure range 2.5--100 kPa (20--750 torr) using a gas mixture of 2--10% N2 in Ar. Images of both {alpha} and {beta} tracks obtained with this detector are discussed to demonstrate the usefulness of the present technique in charged-particle track analysis for dosimetry and microdosimetry applications.
Quantitative imaging for development of companion diagnostics to drugs targeting HGF/MET (2016)

The limited clinical success of anti-HGF/MET drugs can be attributed to the lack of predictive biomarkers that adequately select patients for treatment. We demonstrate here that quantitative digital imaging of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues stained by immunohistochemistry can be used to measure signals from weakly staining antibodies and provides new opportunities to develop assays for detection of MET receptor activity. To establish a biomarker panel of MET activation, we employed seven antibodies measuring protein expression in the HGF/MET pathway in 20 cases and up to 80 cores from 18 human cancer types. The antibodies bind to epitopes in the extra (EC)- and intracellular (IC) domains of MET (MET4<sup>EC</sup>, SP44_MET<sup>IC</sup>, D1C2_MET<sup>IC</sup>), to MET-pY1234/pY1235, a marker of MET kinase activation, as well as to HGF, pSFK or pMAPK. Expression of HGF was determined in tumour cells (T_HGF) as well as in stroma surrounding cancer (St_HGF). Remarkably, MET4<sup>EC</sup> correlated more strongly with pMET (<i>r</i> = 0.47) than SP44_MET<sup>IC</sup> (<i>r</i> = 0.21) or D1C2_MET<sup>IC</sup> (<i>r</i> = 0.08) across 18 cancer types. In addition, correlation coefficients of pMET and T_HGF (<i>r</i> = 0.38) and pMET and pSFK (<i>r</i> = 0.56) were high. Prediction models of MET activation reveal cancer-type specific differences in performance of MET4<sup>EC</sup>, SP44_MET<sup>IC</sup> and anti-HGF antibodies. Thus, we conclude that assays to predict the response to HGF/MET inhibitors require a cancer-type specific antibody selection and should be developed in those cancer types in which they are employed clinically.
Utilization of myoblasts from transgenic mice to evaluate the efficacy of myoblast transplantation (1994)

A possible treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the injection of normal myoblasts into dystrophic muscles to induce the formation of new, healthy, and dystrophin-positive muscle fibers. To develop this therapy, it is important to identify the muscle fibers formed by the injected myoblasts in the host muscles. In this study, we used myoblasts from transgenic mice which have a gene expressing beta-galactosidase under the control of the promoter of quail fast skeletal muscle troponin I. This transgene is expressed in myotubes and muscle fibers, but not in myoblasts. Twenty-eight days after myoblast transplantation in nude and in mdx mice, muscle fibers containing of beta-galactosidase were identified by x-gal staining. In mdx mice, most of the beta-galactosidase-positive muscle fibers resulting from the myoblast transplantation were also dystrophin positive. This technique could make it possible to follow the success of myoblast transplantation even in mice that are not depleted of dystrophin.
Oxygen in zone-melting-recrystallized silicon-on-insulator films: Its distribution and possible role in sub-boundary formation (1984)

Using secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, we have found that oxygen is strongly concentrated at the sub-boundaries in zone-melting-recrystallized silicon-on-insulator films prepared by the graphite strip heater technique. This observation suggests that the formation of sub-boundaries during recrystallization may be caused by constitutional supercooling resulting from the presence of oxygen that is dissolved into the molten Si zone from the adjacent SiO2 layers.
LWD Sonic Cement Logging: Benefits, Applicability, and Novel Uses for Assessing Well Integrity (2013)

Abstract With the ongoing changes affecting the global drilling industry, well integrity has become an area of great engineering focus and development. Cement bond analysis is of key interest as the consequences of failed, or partially complete, cementing operations can, at best, be a costly delay in drilling operations and, at worst, an extremely hazardous safety issue. Traditionally, wireline acoustic tools have been used to analyze the quality of the cement bond between the casing and the formation. Wireline tools have been developed over many years to produce high-quality assessments of cement bond, which can then be confidently used to confirm well integrity. However, the conveyance method requires that the analysis be performed on the critical path and also that additional methods be used in high-angle wells. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology offers a potential alternative without these issues, provided the current limitations of the technology are understood and its applicability properly assessed as a fit-for-purpose solution. As a minimum, the LWD logging technique can provide a trigger as to whether more advanced logging techniques must be deployed or can be avoided. This paper explores the applicability of LWD sonic tools to the analysis of cement behind casing. It considers both the currently accepted deliverable of top of cement (TOC) analysis, along with examples of more advanced processing techniques and their comparison to wireline cement evaluation, providing case study examples in each case. The benefits and limitations of these methods will be discussed, along with operational considerations to aid in successful logging, including the use of repeat logging passes to indicate changes in cement quality with time. The use of LWD sonic tools to identify casing collar connections on driller's depth, enabling the safe positioning of cased-hole whipstocks, is also covered, demonstrating a novel and little-used application of LWD technology.
Effects of Cryomilling on the Oxidation of Thermally Sprayed MCrAlY (2004)

Abstract Cryomilling was applied to conventional gas-atomized CoNiCrAlY powder to produce powder with nanocrystalline grains. The cryomilled powder and gas-atomized powder were HVOF sprayed onto mild steel sheets to prepare two coatings with fine-grained (~15 nm) and coarse-grained (~one micron) microstructure, respectively. Isothermal oxidation tests in air at 1000°C were conducted for the two coatings for up to 330 h. The morphology and composition of the thermally grown oxides (TGOs) formed on the two coatings were characterized with XRD, SEM, and EDS and compared with each other. After oxidation for up to 24 h, a pure alumina scale formed on the cryomilled coating, while a mixed oxide layer formed on the conventional coating. However, after oxidation for 330 h, non-alumina oxides formed also on the cryomilled coating. These results indicate that, while a fine-grained microstructure can promote the formation of a pure alumina scale after short-term oxidation by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the surface, it can also accelerate the Al depletion by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the substrate, which results in the formation of non-alumina oxides after long-term oxidation. The mechanisms governing the oxide formation are discussed in terms of atomic diffusion and thermodynamic stability.
A compositional approach to the combination of combinational and sequential equivalence checking of circuits without known reset states (2007)

As the pressure to produce smaller and faster designs increases, the need for formal verification of sequential transformations increases proportionally. In this paper we describe a framework that attempts to extend the set of designs that can be equivalence checked. Our focus lies in integrating sequential equivalence checking into a standard design flow that relies on combinational equivalence checking today. In order to do so, we can not make use of reset state or reset sequence information (as this is not given in combinational equivalence checking), and we need to mitigate the complexity inherent in the traditional sequential equivalence checking algorithms. Our solution integrates combinational and sequential equivalence checking in such a way that the individual analyses benefit from each other. The experimental results show that our framework can verify designs which are out of range for pure sequential equivalence checking methods aimed designs with unknown reset states.
A novel first exon of the <i>Patched1</i> gene is upregulated by Hedgehog signaling resulting in a protein with pathway inhibitory functions (2004)

Patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) is a key component of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway with three alternative first exons, but only exon 1B transcription depending on HH activation. Here, we show that in both human and mouse a novel PTCH1 first exon (1C) is expressed. Exon 1C transcription is upregulated by HH signaling, but the resulting PTCH1-1C protein has a lower capacity for pathway inhibition than PTCH1-1B.
Structural and Functional Analyses of ProGuard Obfuscation Tool (2013)

안드로이드 앱은 자바 언어의 특성과 셀프사인 정책에 따라 역컴파일을 통한 위변조된 앱의 생성이 쉬운 구조적 특성이 있다. 이러한 구조적 취약점을 금융 앱과 같이 보안에 민감한 앱에 적용되면 매우 치명적일 수 있다. 따라서 앱 위변조 방지 기술 중 하나로써 난독화(obfuscation)을 적극 도입하여 활용하고 있는데, 현재 안드로이드 마켓에 등록된 많은 앱들은 프로가드(ProGuard) 난독화 도구를 사용하고 있다. 프로가드는 자바 클래스 파일을 난독화하여 안드로이드 앱의 역공학을 어렵게 만든다. 하지만 프로가드 난독화 도구는 여러 가지 난독화 기법 중 앱 속의 식별자를 변환하는 식별자변환 기법만 적용되어 있기 때문에, 역공학 시 프로그램 로직을 쉽게 파악할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 프로가드 소스코드 분석을 통한 프로가드의 난독화 기법을 상세 분석하고, 이를 통해 현재 프로가드 난독화 기술의 한계점을 파악한 후, 향후 안드로이드 난독화 기술의 개선 방향을 제시한다. Android applications can be easily decompiled owing to their structural characteristics, in which applications are developed using Java and are self-signed so that applications modified in this way can be repackaged. It will be crucial that this inherent vulnerability may be used to an increasing number of Android-based financial service applications, including banking applications. Thus, code obfuscation techniques are used as one of solutions to protect applications against their forgery. Currently, many of applications distributed on Android market are using ProGuard as an obfuscation tool. However, ProGuard takes care of only the renaming obfuscation, and using this method, the original opcodes remain unchanged. In this paper, we thoroughly analyze obfuscation mechanisms applied in ProGuard, investigate its limitations, and give some direction about its improvement.
System for measuring radiation doses in radiotherapy apparatus. [ionization chamber] (1977)

A system for measuring radiation doses in radiotherapy comprises two identical metering networks energized in parallel from a common radiation source, each network including an integrating amplifier whose time constant is variable by the short-circuiting of an input resistor. A manually or automatically reversible switch selectively foreshortens the time constant of one or the other amplifier whereby the corresponding metering network controls the cutoff of the radiation source whenever the emitted radiant energy reaches a predetermined value. The other network, acting as a backup, takes over the radiation cutoff upon failure of the controlling network; this takeover may be indicated by a set of signal lamps jointly controlled by the reversing switch and by a counting unit of the standby network. 2 figures.
Energy expenditure in dogs with lymphoma fed two specialized diets (1993)

These data suggest that energy expenditure of dogs with lymphoma decreases transiently in response to chemotherapy and remission, but these values are less than those determined in normal dogs and not altered significantly by diet.
5' flanking sequences of the murine adenosine deaminase gene direct expression of a reporter gene to specific prenatal and postnatal tissues in transgenic mice. (1992)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme of purine metabolism, is highly expressed in four tissues of the mouse: the maternal decidua, the fetal placenta, the keratinizing epithelium of the upper alimentary tract (tongue, esophagus, and forestomach), and the absorptive epithelium of the proximal small intestine. ADA is produced at relatively low levels in all other tissues. To identify genetic elements that direct appropriate prenatal and postnatal expression of the ADA gene, a segment of DNA including the ADA promoter and 6.4 kilobases of the adjacent 5' flanking region was tested for the ability to direct the expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice. In seven lines of transgenic mice studied, this construct directed high levels of reporter gene expression in the placenta and forestomach and exhibited correct developmental regulation in these tissues. This construct failed to direct significant reporter gene expression to either the maternal decidua or the proximal small intestine. Thus, different gene regulatory elements are required to target high expression to the four tissues characterized by high levels of ADA.
ChemInform Abstract: Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy in Spintronic Devices (2013)

Abstract Review: 2 refs.