gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small target detection using center-surround difference with locally adaptive threshold (2005)

A target detection method from low contrast forward looking infrared (FLIR) images is proposed. It is known that detecting small targets in remotely sensed image is difficult and challenging work. The goal is to identify target areas with small number of false alarms in a thermal infrared scene of battlefield. The proposed method consists of following three stages. First, center-surround difference with local adaptive threshold is proposed in order to find salient areas in an input image. Second, local thresholding is proposed to the local region of interest (ROf) based on the result of first step. The second step is needed to segment target silhouettes precisely. Third, the extracted binary target silhouettes are compared with target template using size and affinity to remove clutters. In the experiments, many natural infrared images with high variability are used to prove performance the proposed method. It is compared with a morphological method using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and execution time. The result shows that our method is superior to the morphological method and it can be applied to automatic target recognition (ATR) system.
Quantitative composition of cold-pressed grapefruit oil (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative composition of cold-pressed grapefruit oilCharles W. Wilson III and Philip E. ShawCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 6, 1432–1434Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60220a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EHR Data (2020)

I read with interest the February letter to the editor by Shawn P. regarding “Advocating for HIT That Captures Nursing Process” (Viewpoint, November 2019). Although I have been a great fan of the possible benefits of electronic health records (EHRs), I agree wholeheartedly with Shawn that EHRs were co-opted by the financial end of health care. This is not to disparage the importance of capturing expenses. We who work in health care know that money is important—we like to be paid and we don't want the agency for which we work to go bankrupt. But must we allow the definition of health care to be data derived by defining who pays for what? To truly represent health care, free text is needed. Unfortunately, in today's world data is king. The problem is how to translate free text to data. Would it be possible to adapt one of the software products used in qualitative research to accomplish this aim? Doing so appropriately would require clinicians, whose understanding of health care is greater than those who have not been on the front lines, to be the driving force in implementation. In my opinion, the result would be an improvement in health care and reduction of overall costs. Linda Q. Thede, PhD Matthews, NC
Vectored delivery of anti-SIV envelope targeting mAb via AAV8 protects rhesus macaques from repeated limiting dose intrarectal swarm SIVsmE660 challenge (2018)

Gene based delivery of immunoglobulins promises to safely and durably provide protective immunity to individuals at risk of acquiring infectious diseases such as HIV. We used a rhesus macaque animal model to optimize delivery of naturally-arising, autologous anti-SIV neutralizing antibodies expressed by Adeno-Associated Virus 8 (AAV8) vectors. Vectored transgene expression was confirmed by quantitation of target antibody abundance in serum and mucosal surfaces. We tested the expression achieved at varying doses and numbers of injections. Expression of the transgene reached a saturation at about 2 x 10(12) AAV8 genome copies (gc) per needle-injection, a physical limitation that may not scale clinically into human trials. In contrast, expression increased proportionately with the number of injections. In terms of anti-drug immunity, anti-vector antibody responses were universally strong, while those directed against the natural transgene mAb were detected in only 20% of animals. An anti-transgene antibody response was invariably associated with loss of detectable plasma expression of the antibody. Despite having atypical glycosylation profiles, transgenes derived from AAV-directed muscle cell expression retained full functional activity, including mucosal accumulation, in vitro neutralization, and protection against repeated limiting dose SIVsmE660 swarm challenge. Our findings demonstrate feasibility of a gene therapy-based passive immunization strategy against infectious disease, and illustrate the potential for the nonhuman primate model to inform clinical AAV-based approaches to passive immunization.
A Note on Explicit Ramsey Graphs and Modular Sieves (2003)

In a previous paper we found a relation between the ranks of co-diagonal matrices (matrices with zeroes in their diagonal and nonzeroes elsewhere) and the quality of explicit Ramsey graph constructions. We also gave a construction based on the BBR polynomial of Barrington, Beigel and Rudich. In the present work we give another construction for low-rank co-diagonal matrices, based on a modular sieve formula.
Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals (2003)

Phenolics in Food and Nutraceuticals is the first single-source compendium of essential information concerning food phenolics. This unique book reports the classification and nomenclature of phenolics, their occurrence in food and nutraceuticals, chemistry and applications, and nutritional and health effects. In addition, it describes antioxidant a
END: an expert network designer (1995)

Professional designers with intensive knowledge and experience are needed for large computer network design and optimization. Such designers must be well informed about the most recent up-dates in this rapidly advancing field to be able to handle the available state-of-the-art technologies. Since designers of such caliber are difficult to find and usually very expensive, the present authors propose the use of expert systems to play their role and/or assist them in their task. The authors discuss: system architecture and functionality, the OPNET network simulation package. They also present various network design examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemotherapeutic potential of curcumin-bearing microcells against hepatocellular carcinoma in model animals (2014)

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is found in large quantities in the roots of Curcuma longa. It possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibits chemically-induced carcinogenesis in the skin, forestomach, colon, and liver. Unfortunately, the poor bioavailability and hydrophobicity of curcumin pose a major hurdle to its use as a potent anticancer agent. To circumvent some of these problems, we developed a novel, dual-core microcell formulation of curcumin. The encapsulation of curcumin in microcells increases its solubility and bioavailability, and facilitates slow release kinetics over extended periods. Besides being safe, these formulations do not bear any toxicity constraints, as revealed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Histopathological analysis revealed that curcumin-bearing microcells helped in regression of hepatocellular carcinoma and the maintenance of cellular architecture in liver tissue. Free curcumin had a very mild effect on cancer suppression. Empty (sham) microcells and microparticles failed to inhibit cancer cells. The novel curcumin formulation was found to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma efficiently in Swiss albino mice.
Interdependence of Inhibitor Recognition in HIV-1 Protease (2017)

Molecular recognition is a highly interdependent process. Subsite couplings within the active site of proteases are most often revealed through conditional amino acid preferences in substrate recognition. However, the potential effect of these couplings on inhibition and thus inhibitor design is largely unexplored. The present study examines the interdependency of subsites in HIV-1 protease using a focused library of protease inhibitors, to aid in future inhibitor design. Previously a series of darunavir (DRV) analogs was designed to systematically probe the S1' and S2' subsites. Co-crystal structures of these analogs with HIV-1 protease provide the ideal opportunity to probe subsite interdependency. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations starting from these structures were performed and systematically analyzed in terms of atomic fluctuations, intermolecular interactions, and water structure. These analyses reveal that the S1' subsite highly influences other subsites: the extension of the hydrophobic P1' moiety results in 1) reduced van der Waals contacts in the P2' subsite, 2) more variability in the hydrogen bond frequencies with catalytic residues and the flap water, and 3) changes in the occupancy of conserved water sites both proximal and distal to the active site. In addition, one of the monomers in this homodimeric enzyme has atomic fluctuations more highly correlated with DRV than the other monomer. These relationships intricately link the HIV-1 protease subsites and are critical to understanding molecular recognition and inhibitor binding. More broadly, the interdependency of subsite recognition within an active site requires consideration in the selection of chemical moieties in drug design; this strategy is in contrast to what is traditionally done with independent optimization of chemical moieties of an inhibitor.
Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis in L cells and mouse liver cells by 15-oxygenated sterols. (1977)

Described herein are the chemical syntheses of 5alpha-cholest-8(14-en-3beta-ol-15-one, 14alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol-15-one, 3beta-methoxy-14alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-15-one, 3beta-methoxy-14alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-15beta-ol, 3beta-methoxy-14alpha-methyl-15alpha-ol, and 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta, 7xi,15xi-triol. The effects of these compounds and of 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta,15beta-diol, 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta,15alpha-diol, 5alpha,14beta-cholest-7-en-3beta,15beta-diol, 5alpha,14beta-cholest-7-en-3beta, 15alpha-diol, 14alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta,15beta-diol, and 14alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta,15alpha-diol on sterol synthesis in L cells and primary cultures of fetal mouse liver cells grown in serum-free media have been studied. With the exception of 3beta-methoxy-5alpha-cholest-7-en-15-one, all of the compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of sterol synthesis. With a few exceptions, the concentrations required to cause a 50% reduction in sterol synthesis were similar to those required to cause a 50% reduction in the level of HMG-CoA reductase activity.
Experimental verification of the phase-shaped binary transmission (PSBT) effect (1998)

Using an external phase modulator, a phase signal has been superimposed to a 10-Gb/s chirp-free nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal in order to extend the dispersion limit. A transmission over 146 km of standard dispersive fiber has been achieved. The phase signal shape is based on a three-bit analysis using the concepts of phase-shaped binary transmissions (PSBT). By removing or adding the phase signal, we have experimentally shown the physical concepts involved in PSBT in agreement with our simulations.
Anticipatory behavior in captive bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>): A preliminary study (2013)

This study examined whether a group of captive dolphins displayed anticipatory behaviors before shows. In general, anticipation occurs when an event is being predicted. Anticipatory behavior is defined by Spruijt et al. as "responses elicited by rewarding stimuli that lead to and facilitate consummatory behavior (Spruijt et al., 2001, Appl Anim Behav Sci 72: 145-171)." Using behavioral recording techniques, the behaviors, breathing rates, space use, and activity levels of all dolphins was recorded both before and after shows. Analysis compared pre- and post-show data in addition to looking at gradual changes in behavior prior to show sessions. Significant changes were found in the behavior and space use prior to sessions with the dolphins decreasing their activity levels, spending more time at the surface and moving towards the starting point of a session before it took place. There was a significant increase in the vigilant behavior before sessions, indicating that the dolphins were becoming more alert towards their trainers and other activities around the pool. This result mirrors previous research with other captive species; as feeding time was approaching, the animals seemed to "wait" and look for the handlers. Any behavioral change that may be regarded as anticipatory behavior was not evidently abnormal or stereotypic in nature, and breathing rates remained stable indicating that the animals do not perceive the shows as stressful or as an aversive experience. Additionally, behavior and level of activity remained stable following the sessions.
Query Formulation as an Information Retrieval Problem (1996)

Journal Article Query Formulation as an Information Retrieval Problem Get access A. H. M. ter Hofstede, A. H. M. ter Hofstede Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. A. Proper, H. A. Proper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Th. P. van der Weide Th. P. van der Weide Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 39, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 255–274, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/39.4.255 Published: 01 January 1996
New RTD large-signal DC model suitable for PSPICE (1995)

A new resonant-tunnel diode (RTD) large-signal DC model suitable for PSPICE simulation is presented in this paper. For better accuracy, the model equations are deliberately chosen through the combination of Gaussian and/or exponential functions, and it can be easily implemented in PSPICE using the FUNCTION statement. Most of the associated parameters required in this new model have explicit relations to the measured I-V curves, and can be easily extracted. This new DC model has been successfully applied to simulating single RTD devices, and a RTD-based three-state memory circuit. Compared to other RTD DC models, the presented model gives better accuracy and has less convergence problems. In addition, the new model can be used to simulate hysteresis effect, and can easily incorporate AC effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bone reactions to anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) used in sinus augmentation procedures: a histologic long-term report of 20 cases in humans. (2000)

Many materials are used for sinus augmentation procedures. Anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) has been reported to be osteoconductive, and no inflammatory responses have been observed with the use of this biomaterial. One of the main questions pertaining to Bio-Oss concerns its biodegradation and substitution by host bone. Some investigators have observed rapid replacement by host bone, while other researchers observed slow resorptive activity or no resorption at all. The aim of the present study was to conduct a long-term histologic analysis of retrieved specimens in humans where Bio-Oss was used in sinus augmentation procedures. Specimens were retrieved from 20 patients after varying periods from 6 months to 4 years and were processed to obtain thin ground sections. Bio-Oss particles were surrounded for the most part by mature, compact bone. In some Haversian canals it was possible to observe small capillaries, mesenchymal cells, and osteoblasts in conjunction with new bone. No gaps were present at the interface between the Bio-Oss particles and newly formed bone. In specimens retrieved after 18 months and 4 years, it was also possible to observe the presence of osteoclasts in the process of resorbing the Bio-Oss particles and neighboring newly formed bone. Bio-Oss appears to be highly biocompatible and osteoconductive, is slowly resorbed in humans, and can be used with success as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.
Mining Sequential Association Rules for Traveler Context Prediction (2008)

Recent work has focused on creating models for generating traveler behavior for micro simulations. With the increase in hand held computers and GPS devices, there is likely to be an increasing demand for extending this idea to predicting an individual’s future travel plans for devices such as a smar
Increased Leaching of As, Se, Mo, and V from High Calcium Coal Ash Containing Trona Reaction Products (2013)

The trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate) injection method is being tested to control SOx emission from coal-fired power plants. A pair of moderately high calcium coal fly ashes, with and without trona injection, were used to determine the impact of trona injection on the leaching characteristics of anionic elements, including As, Se, Mo, and V, under different pH conditions. The results showed that trona ash (trona reaction products captured with fly ash) leached significantly more As, Se, Mo, and V than the control fly ash did, especially under the natural pH condition. In addition, trona ash had a significantly greater soluble fraction than the control ash. Further investigation indicated that greater amounts of the studied anionic elements in the trona ash were associated with the soluble, trona reaction products. Moreover, the insoluble fraction of the trona ash lost its capability to adsorb these elements under the natural pH condition. The competition from other major anions in the trona ash leachate might also have contributed to the reduced adsorption of the anionic elements under other pH conditions. As a result, the trona ash leached significantly more As, Se, Mo, and V than the control ash did.
Robust background generation using a modified mixture of Gaussian model for object detection (2014)

This paper presents a robust background generation method using a modified mixture of Gaussian model. Traditional background generation methods become unstable when the camera viewpoint suddenly changes. To solve this problem, the proposed method robustly extracts the background by mixing multiple Gaussian models.
Molecular Characterization of Penicillin-Resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Isolates from Bulgaria (1999)

As part of an ongoing surveillance program of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sofia, Bulgaria, 120 penicillin-resistant strains (PRSP) (most of them recovered from children hospitalized with pneumococcal disease) were analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Several unique features of this collection are of particular interest. (i) Most isolates (112 of 120) were also resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (97 of 120 isolates, or 80%), and over 70% (86 of 120) of the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics in addition to penicillin. (ii) Close to 80% of all isolates were represented by large clusters of bacteria, each with a unique serotype, antibiotype, and chromosomal macrorestriction pattern (determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), as well as unique restriction fragmentation length polymorphisms of the penicillin-binding protein genes pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b. (iii) A large proportion (45 of 120, or 38%) of the strains belonged to two internationally spread epidemic clones of S. pneumoniae, the first expressing capsular type 23F and the second expressing serotype 9. (iv) A unique Bulgarian cluster composed of eight serotype 19F isolates was resistant to tetracycline, SXT, cefotaxime, and extremely high levels of penicillin and erythromycin. Nevertheless, this clone did not react with either the erm or the mef DNA probes, and thus the mechanism of macrolide resistance in this group of PRSP remains to be elucidated.
Hydrogel Microparticles as an Emerging Tool in Pharmaceutical Field: A Review (2015)

ABSTRACT From past few decades, emphasis of scientists is on the development of micro‐ and nanosized dosage forms to achieve the targeted and desired response from drugs. In this manner, they have developed microspheres, nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, etc. Now in recent past, work is going on the development of novel hydrogel microparticles that have more desirable response than conventional hydrogels. These newly developed hydrogel microparticles have a number of advantages over the conventional hydrogels as well as over other micro‐ or nanotechnologies. These are used to achieve either sustained or prolonged action as well as rapid release of drugs by complexation with hydrophilic polymers to enhance their solubility and ultimately bioavailability of poorly water‐soluble drugs. Various techniques are used to prepare hydrogel microparticles such as the ionic gelation method, spray drying, dispersion, photopolymerization ionotropic gelation method, free radical precipitation polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, free radical polymerization, etc. Certain polymers along with various types of initiators, cross‐linkers, and monomers are used in different concentrations depending upon the purpose of hydrogel microparticles. In recent review, we have focused upon the loading and drug release patterns from hydrogel microparticles, various technologies, and components applied in their preparations and applications in the pharmaceutical field. Hydrogel microparticles can be aimed for various purposes such as solubility enhancement of hydrophobic drugs, and targeted drug delivery, magnetic carriers; therefore, these are useful assets of pharmaceutical market.