gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies against GPIHBP1 as a Cause of Hypertriglyceridemia (2017)

In six patients with chylomicronemia, GPIHBP1 autoantibodies blocked the ability of GPIHBP1 to bind and transport lipoprotein lipase, thereby interfering with lipoprotein lipase-mediated processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and causing severe hypertriglyceridemia. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Leducq Foundation.).
Sensitivity of C-Tb: a novel RD-1-specific skin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection (2015)

C-Tb, a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target/10-kDa culture filtrate protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10)-specific skin test, has high specificity in bacille Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated healthy controls. However, the sensitivity of C-Tb has hitherto not been determined. The objective was to determine the sensitivity of C-Tb in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT).C-Tb and TST were randomly administered in a double-blinded fashion to one or the other forearm in 253 patients with active TB with or without HIV co-infection. QFT-GIT testing was performed prior to skin testing.Using a receiver operating characteristic curve-derived cut-point of 5 mm, C-Tb sensitivity was similar to QFT-GIT (73.9 (95% CI 67.8-79.3) versus 75.1 (95% CI 69.3-80.2)), and similar in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients (76.7 (95% CI 69.0-83.3) versus 69.5 (95% CI 59.2-78.5)). However, sensitivity was significantly diminished in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts <100 cells·mm(-3). C-Tb and QFT-GIT combined had significantly higher sensitivity than C-Tb alone (p<0.0001). C-Tb was safe with no significant adverse events. The 5 mm cut-point corresponded to that found in the previously published specificity study (TESEC-04).C-Tb has similar sensitivity compared with QFT-GIT for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection. Sensitivity was reduced only in HIV-infected patients with severe immunosuppression. Further studies in different settings are required to validate the proposed 5 mm cut-point.
<title>Is color appearance matching necessary?</title> (1994)

An analysis of why people are willing to spend more money to buy color systems versus monochrome systems shows that the colorimetric methods used in today's color management systems are insufficient. To fulfill the user's requirements, it is necessary to preserve the appearance of color when an electronic image is reproduced. After proposing formal definitions for color perception and for color appearance, I will present two problems requiring an appearance model to solve: the color selection problem, and gamut mapping.
Conversion of Drilling Fluids to Cements With Blast Furnace Slag: Performance Properties and Applications for Well Cementing (1992)

ABSTRACT A new method of obtaining unproved zonal isolation using drilling fluid solidification technology has been developed. A water-base drilling fluid is converted into a cement using a hydraulic blast furnace slag. Hydraulic blast furnace slag is a unique material which has low impact on rheological and fluid loss properties of drilling fluids, can be activated to set in drilling fluids which are difficult to convert to cements with other solidification technologies, is a more uniform and consistent quality product than Portland well cements, and is available in large quantity from multiple sources. Because of its low impact on drilling fluid properties, blast furnace slag may be added to a drilling fluid at low concentrations during drilling operations. The Alter cake and drilling fluid in washed out sections thereby contain a hydraulic material. After reaching casing point, a mixture of drilling fluid containing chemical activators and higher concentrations of slag may be used to cement the casing string. Chemical activators from this mixture cause the slag in the filter cake and any bypassed drilling fluid to set. The result is a more complete seal for the annulus. Fluid and hardened solid properties of blast furnace slag and drilling fluid mixtures used for cementing operations are comparable to properties of conventional Portland cement compositions. The design, testing and field application for this technology are similar to conventional cementing methods. Fluids with densities between about 1198 kg/m3 (10 lb/gal) and 2397 kg/m3 (20 lb/gal) may be prepared. The mixtures have been applied in wells where temperatures range from about 4°C (40°F) to 315°C (600°F). This new solidification method provides the proper combination of fluid and solid properties, simplicity of design and application, improved zonal isolation, and broad applicability to bring drilling fluid solidification technology into widespread use.
Lysine 182 of Endothelin B Receptor Modulates Agonist Selectivity and Antagonist Affinity: Evidence for the Overlap of Peptide and Non-peptide Ligand Binding Sites (1994)

The potent vasoactive peptide hormone endothelin (ET) binds to receptors which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor family. The availability of non-peptide antagonists for ET receptors allows investigation of the relationship among the binding sites for peptide and non-peptide ligands. In this study, a lysine residue, conserved within transmembrane domain 3 (TM3) of the ETA and ETB receptor subtypes, is implicated in agonist and antagonist binding by its analogous position within TM3 to a binding site aspartate residue conserved within bioactive amine receptors. Replacement of this lysine within hETB by arginine, alanine, methionine, aspartate, or glutamate results in hETB variants with unaltered affinities for agonist peptide ET-1 but which have affinities for peptide agonists ET-2, ET-3, sarafotoxin 6C, and TRL 1736 which are between 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than their corresponding wild-type hETB values. Significantly, the affinities of non-peptide antagonists, (+/-)-SB 209670 and its analogs as well as Ro 46-2005, are abrogated. The results suggest that an interaction of K182 of hETB with the indan 2-carboxyl of (+/-)-SB 209670 may contribute to the high-affinity binding of the diarylindan antagonists. The results indicate that TM3 of hETB is a region of overlap among the binding sites of non-peptide antagonists and the affected peptide agonists.
iDiary (2013)

This paper describes a system that takes as input GPS data streams generated by users' phones and creates a searchable database of locations and activities. The system is called iDiary and turns large GPS signals collected from smartphones into textual descriptions of the trajectories. The system features a user interface similar to Google Search that allows users to type text queries on their activities (e.g., "Where did I buy books?") and receive textual answers based on their GPS signals.
Proposal of a Spin Torque Majority Gate Logic (2011)

A spin-based logic device is proposed. It is comprised of a common free ferromagnetic layer and four discrete ferromagnetic nanopillars, each containing an independent fixed layer. It has the functionality of a majority gate and is switched via motion of domain walls by spin transfer torque. Validity of its logic operation and a quantitative performance prediction are demonstrated by micromagnetic simulation. It is entirely compatible with complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.
Storage correlator as an adaptive inverse filter (1980)

The application of an acoustic surface wave (a.s.w.) monolithic zinc oxide on silicon storage correlator as a wideband adaptive inverse filter is reported. The impulse response of the filter is updated by using the iterative l.m.s. algorithm. This application was demonstrated by suppressing the level of an undesirable time-delayed echo pulse by 10 dB.
Multitargeting of selected prostanoid receptors provides agents with enhanced anti‐inflammatory activity in macrophages (2015)

A polypharmacologic approach to prostanoid based anti-inflammatory therapeutics was undertaken in order to exploit both the anti- and proinflammatory properties attributed to the various prostanoid receptors. Multitargeting of selected prostanoid receptors yielded a prototype compound, compound 1 (AGN 211377), that antagonizes prostaglandin D2 receptors (DPs) DP1 (49) and DP2 (558), prostaglandin E2 receptors (EPs) EP1 (266) and EP4 (117), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) (61), and thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) (11) while sparing EP2, EP3, and prostaglandin I2 receptors (IPs); Kb values (in nanomoles) are given in parentheses. Compound 1 evoked a pronounced inhibition of cytokine/chemokine secretion from lipopolysaccharide or TNF-α stimulated primary human macrophages. These cytokine/chemokines included cluster of designation 40 receptor (CD40), epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA-78), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) (MCP-1), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). In contrast, the inhibitory effects of most antagonists selective for a single receptor were modest or absent, and selective EP2 receptor blockade increased cytokine release in some instances. Compound 1 also showed clear superiority to the cyclooxygenase inhibitors diclofenac and rofecoxib. These findings reveal that blockade of multiple prostanoid receptors, with absent antagonism of EP2 and IP, may provide more effective anti-inflammatory activity than global suppression of prostanoid synthesis or highly selective prostanoid receptor blockade. These investigations demonstrate the first working example of prostanoid receptor polypharmacology for potentially safer and more effective anti-inflammatory therapeutics by blocking multiple proinflammatory receptors while sparing those with anti-inflammatory activity.
Tomographic reflection to merge ultrasound images with direct vision (2002)

Tomographic reflection is a method that may be used to merge the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasound scan of the patient's interior. The technique combines a flat-panel monitor with a half-silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. In this way, the ultrasound image is superimposed in real time on the view of the patient along with the operator's hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away at an ultrasound monitor, the operator can manipulate needles and scalpels with direct hand-eye coordination. Invasive tools are visible up to where they enter the skin, permitting natural visual extrapolation to targets in the ultrasound slice. Tomographic reflection is independent of viewer location, requires no special apparatus to be worn by the operator, nor any registration of the patient.
The Endocytic Recycling Compartment Serves as a Viral Factory for Hepatitis E Virus (2021)

Abstract Background & Aims Although Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis worldwide, many gaps remain in the understanding of the HEV lifecycle. Notably, viral factories induced by HEV have not been documented yet and it is currently unknown whether HEV infection leads to cellular membrane modelling as many positive-strand RNA viruses. HEV genome encodes three proteins, the ORF1 replicase, the ORF2 capsid protein and the ORF3 protein involved in virion egress. Previously, we demonstrated that HEV produces different ORF2 isoforms including the virion-associated ORF2i form. Here, we aimed to probe infectious particles and viral factories in HEV-producing cells, using antibodies directed against the different ORF2 isoforms. Methods We generated monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the particle-associated ORF2i form, and antibodies that recognize the different ORF2 isoforms. We used them in confocal and electron microscopy approaches to probe viral factories in HEV-producing cells. We performed an extensive colocalization study of viral proteins with subcellular markers. We analyzed the impact of silencing Rab11, a central player of the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). Results One of the antibodies, named P1H1 and targeting the N-terminus of ORF2i, recognized delipidated HEV particles. Confocal and ultrastructural microscopy analyses of HEV-producing cells revealed an unprecedented HEV-induced membrane network containing tubular and vesicular structures. These subcellular structures were enriched in ORF2 and ORF3 proteins, and were dependent on the ORF3 expression and ORF2i capsid protein assembly. Colocalization and silencing analyses revealed that these structures are derived from the ERC. Conclusions Our study reveals that HEV hijacks the ERC and forms a membrane network of vesicular and tubular structures that might be the hallmark of HEV infection. Lay summary Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide but many steps of its lifecycle are still elusive. Thanks to the development of new antibodies that recognize the different forms of the HEV capsid protein, we were able to visualize vesicular and tubular structures that were established by the virus in the host cell. In addition, extensive efforts to identify these structures led us to conclude that HEV hijacks the endocytic recycling compartment of the cell to form this network of vesicles and tubules, which might be the hallmark of HEV infection.
Scalable Video Multicast for MU-MIMO Systems With Antenna Heterogeneity (2015)

In contemporary multiuser multiple-input multipleoutput systems, it is common for the reception devices to have a varying number of antennas. When multicast is performed, the number of concurrent spatial streams is limited by the device with the least number of antennas, which prevents more capable devices from getting higher rates. In this paper, we address the antenna heterogeneity in wireless video multicast by the innovative design of multiple similar description (MSD) video coding and multiplexed space-time block coding (M-STBC). MSD coding generates multiple descriptions of a video and features that any linear combinations of the descriptions are decodable. The descriptions comprising of real numbers are further processed by transform and power allocation steps for efficient transmission in a power-constrained system. M-STBC puts symbols in similar descriptions to corresponding space-time positions and ensures decodability under any antenna settings and channel conditions. As a result, we build up a scalable video multicast system, named AirScale, which allows receivers with a various number of antennas to decode from a single transmission, and the reconstructed video quality improves with the number of equipped antennas. Evaluations on Sora shows that, in a {1, 2, 3, 4} × 4 system, AirScale provides baseline quality for one-antenna receiver and a much higher quality for multiantenna receivers. The gain over SoftCast is up to 3.5, 3.9, and 4.1 dB for two-, three-, and four-antenna receivers, respectively.
Overview of neutral territory methods for the parallel evaluation of pairwise particle interactions (2005)

Particle simulations in fields ranging from biochemistry to astrophysics require evaluation of the interactions between all pairs of particles separated by less than some fixed interaction radius. The extent to which such simulations can be parallelized has historically been limited by the time required for inter-processor communication. Recently, Snir and Shaw independently introduced two distinct methods for parallelization that achieve asymptotic and practical advantages over traditional techniques. We give an overview of these methods and show that they represent special cases of a more general class of methods. We describe other methods in this class that can confer advantages over any previously described method in terms of communication bandwidth and latency. Practically speaking, the best choice among the broad category of methods depends on such parameters as the interaction radius, the size of the simulated system, and the number of processors. We analyze the best choice among a subset of these methods across a broad range of parameters.
<title>Single-shot measurement of the intensity and phase of a femtosecond laser pulse</title> (1993)

We report and demonstrate a new technique to measure the full intensity and phase of a single femtosecond laser pulse. The technique, which we call 'frequency resolved optical gating' (FROG), is inexpensive, easy to implement, and provides an output that graphically displays the instantaneous frequency vs. time of the pulse. Using almost any instantaneous nonlinear- optical interaction of two replicas of the ultrashort pulse to be measured, FROG involves measuring the spectrum of the signal pulse as a function of delay between the two replicas. The resulting trace of intensity vs. frequency and delay yields an intuitive display of the pulse, similar to the pulse spectrogram. We show that the problem of inverting the FROG trace to obtain the pulse intensity and phase is a two-dimensional phase-retrieval problem. As a result, the FROG trace yields, in principle, an essentially unique pulse intensity and phase. In this work, we show that this is the case in practice, also. In addition, we present an iterative- Fourier-transform algorithm for inverting the FROG trace.
Impeller Inner Diameter in a Miniaturized Centrifugal Blood Pump (2002)

To design a miniaturized centrifugal blood pump, the impeller internal diameter (ID), which is a circle diameter on the inner edge of the vane, is considered one of the important aspects. Hydraulic performance, hemolysis, and thrombogenicity were evaluated with different impeller IDs. Two impellers were fabricated with an outer diameter of 35 mm, of which 1 had an 8 mm ID impeller and the other had a 12 mm ID. These impellers were combined with 2 different housings in which the inlet port was eccentrically positioned 3.8 and 4.5 mm offset from the center. The hydraulic performance and hemolysis were evaluated in a mock circuit, and thrombogenicity was evaluated in a 2 day ex vivo study with each impeller housing combination. Both impellers required 3,000 rpm in the 3.8 mm offset inlet to attain 5 L/min against 100 mm Hg (left ventricular assist device condition). The 8 mm ID impeller required 3,200 rpm, and the 12 mm ID impeller required 3,100 rpm in the 4.5 mm offset housing. The normalized index of hemolysis was 0.0080 +/- 0.0048 g/100 L in the 8 mm ID impeller with the 3.8 mm offset and 0.022 +/- 0.018 g/100 L with 4.5 mm offset. The 12 mm ID impeller had 0.068 +/- 0.028 g/100 L with the 3.8 mm offset and 0.010 +/- 0.002 g/100 L with the 4.5 mm offset. After the 2 day ex vivo study, no blood clot was formed around the top bearing in all the pump heads. The 8 mm ID impeller with 3.8 mm offset inlet and the 12 mm ID impeller with the 4.5 mm offset had less hemolysis compared to the other pump heads that were subjected to 14 day ex vivo and 10 day in vivo studies. The 8 mm ID impeller with the 3.8 mm offset inlet had a blood clot around the top bearing after the 14 day ex vivo study. No thrombus was found around the top bearing of the 12 mm ID impeller with the 4.5 mm offset in the 10 day in vivo study. These results suggest that the ID does not greatly change the hydraulic performance of a small centrifugal blood pump. The proper combination of the impeller ID and inlet port offset obtains less hemolysis. The larger impeller ID is considered to have less thrombogenicity around the top bearing.
Characterization of a Unique Glycosylated Anchor Endopeptidase That Cleaves the LPXTG Sequence Motif of Cell Surface Proteins of Gram-positive Bacteria (2002)

The precursors of most surface proteins on Gram-positive bacteria have a C-terminal hydrophobic domain and charged tail, preceded by a conserved LPXTG motif that signals the anchoring process. This motif is the substrate for an enzyme, termed sortase, which has transpeptidation activity resulting in the cleavage of the LPXTG sequence and ultimate attachment of the protein to the peptidoglycan. While screening a group A streptococcal membrane extract for cleavage activity of the LPXTG motif, we identified an enzyme (which we term "LPXTGase") that differs significantly from sortase but also cleaves this motif. The enzyme is heavily glycosylated, which is required for its activity. Amino acid composition and sequence analysis revealed that LPXTGase differs from other enzymes, in that the molecule, which is about 14 kDa in size, has no aromatic amino acids, is rich in alanine, and is 30% composed of uncommon amino acids, suggesting a nonribosomal construction. A similar enzyme found in the membrane extract of Staphylococcus aureus, indicates that this unusual molecule may be common among Gram-positive bacteria. Whereas peptide antibiotics have been reported from bacillus species that also contain unusual amino acids and are synthesized non-ribosomally on amino acid-activating polyenzyme templates, this would be the first reported enzyme that may be similarly synthesized.
Novel immunosuppressive agents. Potent immunological activity of some benzothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones (1981)

A unique class of immunosuppressive agents has been found be the use of a mouse model of immunity. A number of bensothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones are potent inhibitors of both the humoral and cellular immune response developed in mice in response to El4 tumor cells. These compounds exhibit a selectivity for inhibiting the humoral response. Structure-activity relationships and Hansch analyses of data from the mouse model are discussed. One of the most potent compounds, 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)bensothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-3-one (1, CP-17 193), exhibits ED50 values for inhibiting the humoral and cellular responses in the range of 0.5-2 mg/kg, po, in the mouse model and also inhibits antibody production to several other antigens and prolongs skin graft survival in mice. These compounds are shown in several ways to be distinct from the lymphocytotoxic drugs cyclophosphamide and azathioprine.
Thermoelectric devices and diamond films for temperature control of high density electronic circuits (1994)

The increased speeds of integrated circuits is accompanied by increased power levels and the need to package the IC chips very close together. Combined, these spell very high power densities and severe thermal problems at the package level. Conventional packaging materials have difficulty dealing with these thermal management problems. However, it is possible to combine both active and passive cooling by using thin film bismuth‐telluride thermoelectric coolers (microcoolers) and diamond substrates for the temperature control of these high density electronic circuits. The highest power components would be mounted directly onto thin film thermoelectric elements, which would maintain the temperature of these components from a few degrees to tens of degrees below that of the diamond substrate. This allows these components to operate within their required temperature range, effectively manage temperature spikes and junction temperatures, and increase clockspeed. To optimize the design of the thermoelectric cooler and operate at maximum efficiency, diamond films acting as thermal lenses would also be used to spread the heat from the small power device to the larger coolers. In those instances where the devices are all operating above ambient temperature, high thermal conductivity diamond films alone are sufficient to cool these devices, by effectively conducting the heat throughout the board.