gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Detection of Colorectal Cancer With Radioimmunoguided Surgery and CC49, a Second-generation Monoclonal Antibody (1992)

Radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) has been employed intraoperatively in cases of colorectal cancer to assess the extent of local tumor spread and metastatic disease. This technique uses radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumor-associated antigens, and a hand-held gamma-detection probe to detect the radiolabel fixed to tumor tissue. Recently introduced is an MAb directed against tumor-associated glycoprotein (anti-TAG), CC49. Sixty patients were entered into the initial study. Eighteen of 21 (86%) primary tumors were localized by the CC49 MAb and the gamma-detecting probe. Twenty-nine of 30 (97%) recurrent tumors were localized. Antibody dose did not affect localization. Specimens were divided into tissue types I through IV, based on antibody localization and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining: type I, RIGS (-) and histologically (-); type II, RIGS (-) and histologically (+); type III, RIGS (+) and histologically (-); type IV, RIGS (+) and histologically (+). Type IV tissue were further classified by whether they were grossly apparent, IVa, or grossly inapparent, IVb (occult). Occult tumor found by RIGS and confirmed by H&E staining (type IV) had localization ratios similar to RIGS-positive, histology-negative tissue (type III). Traditionally found cancer (type IV) had significantly higher ratios. In 12 of 24 patients (50%) with primary tumors and 14 of 30 patients (47%) with recurrent tumors, RIGS with CC49 altered the planned operative procedure. Radioimmunoguided surgery with CC49 provides useful, immediate intraoperative information not available by other techniques.
Three-dimensional proxies for hand-drawn characters (2012)

Drawing shapes by hand and manipulating computer-generated objects are the two dominant forms of animation. Though each medium has its own advantages, the techniques developed for one medium are not easily leveraged in the other medium because hand animation is two-dimensional, and inferring the third dimension is mathematically ambiguous. A second challenge is that the character is a consistent three-dimensional (3D) object in computer animation while hand animators introduce geometric inconsistencies in the two-dimensional (2D) shapes to better convey a character's emotional state and personality. In this work, we identify 3D proxies to connect hand-drawn animation and 3D computer animation. We present an integrated approach to generate three levels of 3D proxies: single-points, polygonal shapes, and a full joint hierarchy. We demonstrate how this approach enables one medium to take advantage of techniques developed for the other; for example, 3D physical simulation is used to create clothes for a hand-animated character, and a traditionally trained animator is able to influence the performance of a 3D character while drawing with paper and pencil.
A New Concept for Force Balancing Machines for Planar Linkages. Part 1: Theory (1981)

A new theory for linkage force balancing machines is presented. These devices make it possible to remove the residual shaking forces of theoretically fully force balanced mechanisms. The required correction masses are obtained from the solution of a unique set of shaking force equations which contain experimentally determined values of the residual shaking force components as well as all relevant kinematic quantities. The essential ideas are first demonstrated for a four-bar linkage device. Subsequently, this theory is generalized to apply to machines for balanceable planar n-bar linkages containing both revolutes and sliders. Part 2 reports on the experimental development of such a machine for four-bar linkages.
Design of hybrid molecular brushes with reversible surface adaptability on exposure to specific solvents (2018)

Hybrid molecular brushes (HMBs) are macromolecules made of a linear backbone and polymeric side chains that differ in their chemical nature. The authors developed a new method of synthesis of HMB with chitosan (CHI) backbone. In the first step, chitosan-graft-polylactide (CHI-g-PLA) was synthesized by interfacial ring opening polymerization of lactide initiated from CHI. CHI-g-PLA is characterized for its molecular weight and structure. In the second step, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PNVP) or polyacrylamide (PAAm) is grafted by radical polymerization from the CHI in CHI-g-PLA to form CHI-g-PLA-g-PNVP and CHI-g-PLA-g-PAAm. This results in the formation of HMB, with hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic PNVP or PAAm side chains grafted to CHI. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the HMBs are characterized. The morphology of CHI-g-PLA as well as the HMBs is determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both the HMBs tethered to separate surfaces exhibit reversible switching between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on exposure to specific solvents. This is studied by AFM and water contact angle measurements. Hence, the authors developed a method for synthesis of HMB that can be applied for surface modification.
Identification and Characterization of HLA-A*3303-Restricted, HIV Type 1 Pol- and Gag-Derived Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes (2003)

HLA-A*3303 is one of the common HLA alleles in East and Southeast Asia. Identification of HLA-A*3303-restricted HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes is therefore required to investigate the immunopathogenesis of AIDS and vaccine development in these areas, where AIDS is rapidly expanding. We attempted to identify HLA-A*3303-restricted CTL epitopes derived from relatively conserved proteins Pol, Gag, and Nef of HIV-1 clade B, using reverse immunogenetics. Ninety-nine 8-mer to 11-mer peptides corresponding to the HLA-A*3303-binding peptide motif were selected from the HIV-1 SF2 sequence. Fifty-two of these 99 peptides bound to HLA-A*3303. Six of these binding peptides induced peptide-specific CTLs in PBMCs from at least one of two HIV-1-seropositive individuals. CTL clones specific for three Pol peptides and one Gag peptide killed HLA-A*3303-restricted target cells infected with HIV-1 recombinant vaccinia, indicating that these peptides were naturally processed HLA-A*3303-restricted CTL epitopes. SF2-Pol 594-602 (FYVDGAANR) and SF2-Gag 144-152 (MVHQAISPR) induced specific CTLs in 5 and 4 of 10 chronically HIV-1-infected individuals, respectively, whereas SF2-Pol 60-70 (TLWQRPLVTIR) and SF2-Pol 934-943 (KIQNFRVYYR) induced specific CTLs in 2 and 1 of 10 chronically HIV-1-infected individuals, respectively. Thus, the former are immunodominant epitopes whereas the latter are not. These epitopes are useful for studies of AIDS immunopathogenesis and vaccine development.
Design of a Passive Flow Regulator Using a Genetic Algorithm (2016)

Passive flow regulators are usually intended to deliver or drain a fluid at a constant rate independently from pressure variations. Microfluidic devices made of a stack of two plates are considered here: the first plate comprises a flexible silicon membrane having through holes while the second plate is a rigid substrate with a cavity, an outlet hole and pillars aligned with the through holes of the membrane. The liquid flows through the holes etched in the membrane and through the small gap between the bottom of the membrane and the pillars: each hole can therefore be considered as a valve which progressively closes as the pressure increases, thus leading to a non-linear fluidic behaviour. FEM simulations have been performed to ensure a constant flow rate in the specified range of pressure. To make the design reliable, the device characteristics have been optimized using an evolutionary algorithm. The fitness function notably takes into account machining and alignment tolerances. Typical designs dedicated to drug delivery and hydrocephalus treatment are discussed.
Pharmacological Exploitation of the α1-Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Doxazosin to Develop a Novel Class of Antitumor Agents That Block Intracellular Protein Kinase B/Akt Activation (2004)

The alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist doxazosin induces apoptosis in malignant cells with moderate potency via an alpha1-adrenoreceptor-independent mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of doxazosin to induce apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells was, in part, attributable to the inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt activation. The separation of the effect of doxazosin on apoptosis from its original pharmacological activity provides molecular underpinnings to develop novel antitumor agents. Replacement of the (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxane)-carbonyl moiety of doxazosin with aryl-sulfonyl functions dramatically improves the potency in facilitating Akt deactivation and inducing apoptosis. The optimal compounds, 33 and 44, were effective in apoptosis induction at low micromolar concentrations irrespective of androgen dependency and p53 functional status. Both agents were active in suppressing the growth of a panel of 60 cancer-cell lines with IC50 values of 2.2 and 1.5 microM, respectively. Together, these in vitro efficacy data suggest the translational potential of these agents in prostate cancer treatment.
Optimal design of autonomous microgrid using particle swarm optimization (2012)

The dynamic nature of the distribution network challenges the stability and control of the microgrids. In this paper, nonlinear model of the autonomous microgrid is presented. Optimal controller design and power sharing coefficients is carried out in this mode. The control problem has been formulated as an optimization problem where particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to search for optimal settings of the optimized parameters. Nonlinear time domain simulation has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed controllers under several disturbance cases. The results show satisfactory performance with efficient damping characteristics of the microgrid considered in this study. Additionally, the effectiveness of proposed approach for optimizing different parameters and its robustness have been confirmed through the nonlinear time domain simulations.
Structure−Activity Relationships of a Series of Novel (Piperazinylbutyl)thiazolidinone Antipsychotic Agents Related to 3-[4-[4-(6-Fluorobenzo[<i>b</i>]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5-trimethyl-4- thiazolidinone Maleate (1996)

HP-236 (3-[4-[4-(6-Fluorobenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,5,5- trimethyl-4-thiazolidinone maleate; P-9236) (54) displayed a pharmacological profile indicative of potential atypical antipsychotic activity. A series of piperazinyl butyl thiazolidinones structurally related to this compound were prepared and evaluated in vitro for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT2 and 5HT1A receptor affinity. The compounds were examined in vivo in animal models of potential antipsychotic activity and screened in models predictive of extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) liability. The synthesis of these compounds, details of their structure-activity relationships, and discovery of a new lead, compound 50, as well as further development of the profiles of compounds 50 and 54 are described.
Wide-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites for Tandem Solar Cells (2020)

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become the most promising new-generation solar cell technology. To date, perovskites also represent the only polycrystalline thin-film absorber technology that has enabled >20% efficiency for wide-bandgap solar cells, making wide-bandgap PSCs uniquely positioned to enable high-efficiency and low-cost tandem solar cell technologies by coupling wide-bandgap perovskites with low-bandgap absorbers. In this Focus Review, we highlight recent research progress on developing wide-bandgap PSCs, including the key mechanisms associated with efficiency loss and instability as well as strategies for overcoming these challenges. We also discuss recent accomplishments and research trends on using wide-bandgap PSCs in perovskite-based tandem configurations, including perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/Si, perovskite/CIGS, and other emerging tandem technologies.
Design, Manufacture and Analysis of Composite Epoxy Material with Embedded MWCNT Fibers (2014)

Abstract The weight and fuel savings offered by composite materials make them attractive not only to the military, but also to the civilian aircraft, space, and automobile industries. In these industries, bolted and riveted joints are extensively used as a primary method for structural joining. Bolted joints in composite materials have complex failure modes, and hence the demand for improving their performance exists. The main objective of this work is to improve the performance of bolted joints in composite structures by introducing nanoparticles/fibers around the expected failure zone. The literature on this issue showed shortcomings in the investigations of such materials. Most of the investigations in this field aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy materials, which cannot be used alone for high performance structural applications due to their low mechanical properties. In the present work, epoxy resin was modified with different types of nanofillers including multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Nano-phased epoxy was used to fabricate different types of nanocomposites as well as nano-hybridized glass fiber reinforced composite laminates. Therefore, six different advanced materials were fabricated including a nanocomposite material (MWCNT/E), a quasi-isotropic nano-hybridized composite laminate (QI-GFR/MWCNT/E), a unidirectional nano-hybridized composite laminate (UD-GFR/MWCNT/E) and a control panel manufactured without nano-fillers (neat epoxy, QI-GFR/E, UD-GFR/E). The materials were characterized by tension and compression tests. The obtained properties are essential for the validation of respective finite element analysis. The results showed improvements in the tensile and compressive properties (strength and modulus) of the fabricated nanocomposites (MWCNT/E) compared with neat epoxy. The hybridized composite laminate with MWCNT showed high improvements in their mechanical properties compared to the composite laminates without nanofillers.
CaPSuLe: A camera-based positioning system using learning (2016)

We show the first camera based (privacy-preserving) indoor mobile positioning system, CaPSuLe, which does not involve any communication (or data transfer) with any other device or the cloud. The algorithm only needs 78.9MB of memory and can localize a mobile device with 92.11% accuracy. Furthermore this is done in 1.92 seconds of on-device computation consuming 3.77 Joules of energy, as evaluated on Samsung Galaxy S4 platform. At the core, our solutions uses a hashing-based image matching algorithm which is more than 500× cheaper, both in energy and computation cost, over existing state-of-the-art matching techniques. This significant reduction allows us to perform end-to-end computation locally on the mobile device. In contrast traditional approaches would consume 2100 Joules and takes more than 1000 seconds with a small accuracy increase of 0.89%. The ability to run the complete algorithm on the mobile device eliminates the need for the cloud, making CaPSuLe a privacy-preserving localization algorithm by design as it does not require any communication.
Abstract 2436: Anti-cancer effect by combination treatment of CDK and HSP90 inhibitors through HIF1α inhibition (2018)

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is the main mediator of the adaptive response to intra-tumoral hypoxia. HIF1α overexpression contributes to tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival and metastasis. Thus, targeting HIF1α provides new opportunities for cancer therapy. We have previously shown that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) stabilizes HIF1α through direct phosphorylation of its Ser668 residue in a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-independent or p53-independent manner both under hypoxia and at G2/M under normoxia (Warfel et al., Cell Cycle, 2013). Because heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a VHL-independent HIF1α stabilizer, we hypothesized CDK and CDK inhibitor effects in the stabilization/destabilization mechanism. We found that CDK1 inhibition disrupts the interaction between HSP90 and HIF1α. Moreover, administration of the CDK1 inhibitor, Ro-3306, partially reversed a heat shock (40°C) response dependent increase in the level of HIF1α, which suggests that CDK1 activity may contribute to HSP90-mediated HIF1α stabilization. Combination treatment with both HSP90 inhibitor and CDK1 inhibition/knockdown decreased HIF1α level more robustly than either single treatment. Dual inhibition of CDK1 and HSP90 not only synergistically decreased cell viability but also remarkably reduced colony formation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Previously we have also shown that similar to CDK1, CDK4 plays a role in HIF1α stabilization as well. This led us to investigate the effect of CDK4/HSP90 dual inhibition on colorectal cancer cells. The combination treatment of CDK4 knockdown/inhibition and HSP90 inhibition reduced the level of HIF1α in various cancer cell lines (e.g., colorectal, glioblastoma, prostate cancers). The FDA-approved CDK4 inhibitor palbociclib along with ganetespib synergistically inhibited cell viability in SW480 colon cancer cells under hypoxia or normoxia. No reduction in cell viability was noted in WI38 normal cells under normoxia at similar concentrations. In addition, we tested the therapeutic potential of the dual CDKi/HSP90i therapy in vivo. The combination treatment of palbociclib and ganetespib inhibited tumor growth in the HT29 colon cancer cell xenograft mouse model at relatively low doses. Immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor samples revealed higher levels of apoptosis, lower levels of VEGF expression and reduced microvessel formation in the combination treatment group. Our findings provide a compelling rationale for a therapeutic strategy to target HIF1α through the combination of CDK and HSP90 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Citation Format: Shuai Zhao, Lanlan Zhou, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Anti-cancer effect by combination treatment of CDK and HSP90 inhibitors through HIF1α inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2436.
High-Accuracy Digital Camera Color Transforms for Wide-Gamut Workflows (2014)

For digital camera systems, transforming from the native camera RGB signals into an intermediate working space is often required, with common examples involving transformations into the Academy Encoding Specification (ACES) or XYZ. For scene-linear camera signals, by far the most common approach utilizes 3 × 3 matrices (formed using regression methods), which are low-complexity approximations to the exact transformation that would be obtained using a full spectral analysis. For workflows designed for Rec. 709 displays, matrix-based input transforms are capable of producing reasonable accuracy in this domain. However, the 3 × 3 matrix colorimetric errors can become significant for saturated colors in workflows involving wide-gamut primary systems such as UHDTV or ACES. To address this shortfall, a novel input color transformation method has been developed that involves separate one-dimensional and two-dimensional operations. From the native camera RGB signals, chromaticity-like coordinates are computed, and these are used to index into a two-dimensional lookup table (LUT); the output of the two-dimensional LUT is then scaled according to the input signal. Because the surfaces associated with the two-dimensional LUTs possess many degrees of freedom, highly accurate colorimetric transformations can be achieved. For several cinematic and broadcast cameras tested, this new transformation method consistently shows a modest reduction of mean ΔE errors for colors within the Rec. 709 primaries. The improvement in accuracy becomes much more significant for saturated colors, for which the mean ΔE errors are reduced by more than a factor of three for colors that lie between Rec. 709 and Rec. 2020.
Magnetorheological polydimethylsiloxane micro-optical resonator (2010)

We investigate the possibility of using magnetorheological polydimethylsiloxane (MR-PDMS) spheres as micro-optical resonators. In particular, the effect of a magnetic field on the whispering gallery modes (WGM) of these resonators is studied. The applied field induces mechanical deformation, causing shifts in the WGM. The microspheres are made of PDMS with embedded magnetically polarizable particles. An analysis is carried out to estimate the WGM shifts induced by an external magnetic field. An experiment is also carried out to demonstrate the magnetic field-induced WGM shifts in an MR-PDMS microsphere. The results indicate that MR-PDMS microspheres can be used as high-Q-factor tunable optical cavities with potential applications in sensing.
Real-Time Facial Segmentation and Performance Capture from RGB Input (2016)

We introduce the concept of unconstrained real-time 3D facial performance capture through explicit semantic segmentation in the RGB input. To ensure robustness, cutting edge supervised learning approaches rely on large training datasets of face images captured in the wild. While impressive tracking quality has been demonstrated for faces that are largely visible, any occlusion due to hair, accessories, or hand-to-face gestures would result in significant visual artifacts and loss of tracking accuracy. The modeling of occlusions has been mostly avoided due to its immense space of appearance variability. To address this curse of high dimensionality, we perform tracking in unconstrained images assuming non-face regions can be fully masked out. Along with recent breakthroughs in deep learning, we demonstrate that pixel-level facial segmentation is possible in real-time by repurposing convolutional neural networks designed originally for general semantic segmentation. We develop an efficient architecture based on a two-stream deconvolution network with complementary characteristics, and introduce carefully designed training samples and data augmentation strategies for improved segmentation accuracy and robustness. We adopt a state-of-the-art regression-based facial tracking framework with segmented face images as training, and demonstrate accurate and uninterrupted facial performance capture in the presence of extreme occlusion and even side views. Furthermore, the resulting segmentation can be directly used to composite partial 3D face models on the input images and enable seamless facial manipulation tasks, such as virtual make-up or face replacement.