gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Receptor-Based Immunoassay to DetectStaphylococcusEnterotoxin B in Biological Fluids (1997)

A rapid, simple, and inexpensive sandwich enzyme-linked receptor based immunodot assay was developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in human fluids by using purified glycosphingolipid digalactosylceramide (diGalCer) receptor for SEB. Three micrograms of diGalCer was immobilized on a polyvinyledene difluoride membrane and the membrane was subsequently incubated with primary and secondary alkaline-phosphatase-labeled antibodies. A positive reaction was discerned as a blue spot. As little as 1 ng/ml of SEB could be detected in the assay. SEB did not bind to structurally related glycosphingolipids, such as glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, and lactosylceramide in this assay. Of five monoclonal anti-SEB antibodies and commercial anti-SEB antiserum tested, the latter was the most sensitive in our assay. The specificity of SEB assay was assessed by comparison with structurally related toxins, for example, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). TSST-1 was not detected in the assay. This was because these toxins were not recognized by the anti-SEB antibody and did not bind to diGalCer. In conclusion, we believe that this assay may be widely applicable because it is highly specific for SEB, it does not require special equipment, and the results can be obtained within few hours with the naked eye. Since the receptor for SEB has a long shelf life, it can be easily stored and used for a long time.
A high performance and cost effective drive based power conditioner for critical applications (2005)

In this paper, a high performance and cost effective power conditioner based on off-the-shelf adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) is presented for critical applications such as the CT, MRI type loads. The high performance resides in the load voltage regulation of /spl plusmn/1% in steady state with less than 3% total harmonic distortion, /spl plusmn/0.1 Hz with fixed output frequency (60 Hz), and fast dynamic step load response. The system frequency domain analysis, the PID controller design with a unique derivative compensating term based on the DC bus voltage, and active damping for improved load transient voltage characteristics are explored. The control is implemented in the ASD's user programmable application software layer and interfaces seamlessly with the existing volts-per-hertz algorithms. The overall system simulation has been developed to demonstrate the steady state and load transient characteristics. The distinguishing control implementation is accomplished by using programming languages to comply with the IEC61131-3 standard. A prototype system consisting of a 150 hp, 460 V, 60 Hz ASD, a three-phase output LC filter, and a 75 kVA step-up isolation transformer has been built and tested to verify the analytical and simulation results. The significant contribution of this paper validates the feasibilities of using low cost off-the-shelf ASDs and their existing volts-per-hertz controls on non-motor driven applications such as the critical CT, MRI type loads in medical patient care and diagnostic areas.
LightGuide (2012)

LightGuide is a system that explores a new approach to gesture guidance where we project guidance hints directly on a user's body. These projected hints guide the user in completing the desired motion with their body part which is particularly useful for performing movements that require accuracy and proper technique, such as during exercise or physical therapy. Our proof-of-concept implementation consists of a single low-cost depth camera and projector and we present four novel interaction techniques that are focused on guiding a user's hand in mid-air. Our visualizations are designed to incorporate both feedback and feedforward cues to help guide users through a range of movements. We quantify the performance of LightGuide in a user study comparing each of our on-body visualizations to hand animation videos on a computer display in both time and accuracy. Exceeding our expectations, participants performed movements with an average error of 21.6mm, nearly 85% more accurately than when guided by video.
Inverse design of an ultra-compact broadband optical diode based on asymmetric spatial mode conversion (2016)

The objective-first inverse-design algorithm is used to design an ultra-compact optical diode. Based on silicon and air only, this optical diode relies on asymmetric spatial mode conversion between the left and right ports. The first even mode incident from the left port is transmitted to the right port after being converted into an odd mode. On the other hand, same mode incident from the right port is reflected back by the optical diode dielectric structure. The convergence and performance of the algorithm are studied, along with a transform method that converts continuous permittivity medium into a binary material design. The optimal device is studied with full-wave electromagnetic simulations to compare its behavior under right and left incidences, in 2D and 3D settings as well. A parametric study is designed to understand the impact of the design space size and initial conditions on the optimized devices performance. A broadband optical diode behavior is observed after optimization, with a large rejection ratio between the two transmission directions. This illustrates the potential of the objective-first inverse-design method to design ultra-compact broadband photonic devices.
Holographic dynamics simulations with a trapped ion quantum computer (2021)

Using a trapped ion quantum computer, we experimentally demonstrate a tensor-network-based algorithm that simulates the dynamics of infinite-size quantum sys-tems by re-using qubits in the middle of the calculation.
Mineral trioxide aggregate versus calcium hydroxide for pulpotomy in primary molars. (2011)

MTA was more successful than CH for pulpotomies in primary molar teeth, and may be a suitable replacement for CH in primary molar pulpotomies.
Influence of OPC features on the profile of 2D mask patterns (2002)

With increasing use of OPC, there is a need to understand image formation better. The widely used Hopkin's model gives believable results but yields little insight into image formation. We present in this paper a new image formation technique based on the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD). Using GTD, we obtained a relationship between the edge on the mask and the disturbance in image space. We call this disturbance the Diffraction Edge Response (DER). Heuristically, the strength of the DER must drop nearing the end of an edge. The DER is thus modulated by a certain function. At this point of the development, we could not derive an expression for this function. However, we postulate that the Modulation Function is the square root of the intensity of the edge segment. This postulate is justified by the excellent agreement with results obtained using existing simulation tool. Image formation is thus governed by the DER and the Modulation Function. If the new image formulation is separated into the cross and non-cross terms respectively, it is observed from simulations that the cross terms have values closed to zero at the feature boundary. This unique property, stemming from the nature of the DER, turns a non-linear problem into approximately a linear problem at the feature boundary. A host of problems could then be understood. Using this tool, we show how the behavior of a simple corner varies with NA, PC and its dimension. We also discuss the implications of this tool on current OPC strategy. We have assumed an aberration-free system and an infinitely-thin 2D mask in this development. It is possible to extend it to an aberrated system and to 3D-mask. That will be our work in the future.
The gene for familial Mediterranean fever, MEFV, is expressed in early leukocyte development and is regulated in response to inflammatory mediators (2000)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessive disorder characterized by episodes of fever and neutrophil-mediated serosal inflammation. We recently identified the gene causing FMF, designated MEFV, and found it to be expressed in mature neutrophils, suggesting that it functions as an inflammatory regulator. To facilitate our understanding of the normal function of MEFV, we extended our previous studies. MEFV messenger RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in bone marrow leukocytes, with differential expression observed among cells by in situ hybridization. CD34 hematopoietic stem-cell cultures induced toward the granulocytic lineage expressed MEFV at the myelocyte stage, concurrently with lineage commitment. The prepromyelocytic cell line HL60 expressed MEFV only at granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. MEFV was also expressed in the monocytic cell lines U937 and THP-1. Among peripheral blood leukocytes, MEFV expression was detected in neutrophils, eosinophils, and to varying degrees, monocytes. Consistent with the tissue specificity of expression, complete sequencing and analysis of upstream regulatory regions of MEFV revealed homology to myeloid-specific promoters and to more broadly expressed inflammatory promoter elements. In vitro stimulation of monocytes with the proinflammatory agents interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharide induced MEFV expression, whereas the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta inhibited such expression. Induction by IFN-gamma occurred rapidly and was resistant to cycloheximide. IFN-alpha also induced MEFV expression. In granulocytes, MEFV was up-regulated by IFN-gamma and the combination of IFN-alpha and colchicine. These results refine understanding of MEFV by placing the gene in the myelomonocytic-specific proinflammatory pathway and identifying it as an IFN-gamma immediate early gene.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of a Novel Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-Inhibitor-miR-221 against Multiple Myeloma Cells (2014)

LNA-i-miR-221 is a highly stable, effective agent against t(4;14) MM cells, and is suitable for systemic use. These data provide the rationale for the clinical development of LNA-i-miR-221 for the treatment of MM.
Deep Neural Network based Music Source Conducting System (2018)

In this paper, we propose a system that can interact with music source In this paper, we propose a system that can interact with music source using a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based controller which is inspired by the conducting activity. Conducting is one of the most exquisitely developed connections between music and gestural activity. The system gives inactive and intuitive musical experience to the user with the existing music source using a smartphone with MEMS sensors. By using a deep neural network (DNN), the algorithm derives the temporal, amplitude, and filter information at the same time from the input data. While conventional studies on the analysis of conducting gesture have a limitation on modeling complex model, the proposed system classifies various messages with high accuracy. The real-time demonstration of the system is provided through MATLAB.
Comparative proteome analysis of culture supernatant proteins from virulent <b><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></b> H37Rv and attenuated <b><i>M. bovis</i></b> BCG Copenhagen (2003)

A comprehensive analysis of culture supernatant (CSN) proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was accomplished by combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometry, and N-terminal sequencing by Edman degradation. Analytical 2-DE gels resolved approximately 1250 protein spots from CSN of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, 381 of which were identified by mass spectrometry and/or Edman degradation. This study revealed 137 different proteins, 42 of which had previously been described as secreted. Comparative proteome analysis of CSN from virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv and attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG Copenhagen identified 39 M. tuberculosis-specific spots containing 27 different proteins, representing candidate antigens for novel vaccines and diagnostics in tuberculosis. These included five proteins encoded by open reading frames absent from M. bovis BCG, e.g., early secretory antigen target (Esat6), as well as 22 novel differential proteins, such as acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (Rv0243) and two putative Esat6-like proteins (Rv1198, Rv1793).
Information-centric networking for connected vehicles: a survey and future perspectives (2016)

In the connected vehicle ecosystem, a high volume of information-rich and safety-critical data will be exchanged by roadside units and onboard transceivers to improve the driving and traveling experience. However, poor-quality wireless links and the mobility of vehicles highly challenge data delivery. The IP address-centric model of the current Internet barely works in such extremely dynamic environments and poorly matches the localized nature of the majority of vehicular communications, which typically target specific road areas (e.g., in the proximity of a hazard or a point of interest) regardless of the identity/address of a single vehicle passing by. Therefore, a paradigm shift is advocated from traditional IP-based networking toward the groundbreaking information- centric networking. In this article, we scrutinize the applicability of this paradigm in vehicular environments by reviewing its core functionalities and the related work. The analysis shows that, thanks to features like named content retrieval, innate multicast support, and in-network data caching, information-centric networking is positioned to meet the challenging demands of vehicular networks and their evolution. Interoperability with the standard architectures for vehicular applications along with synergies with emerging computing and networking paradigms are debated as future research perspectives.
Radiological Bile Acid Absorption Test <sup>75</sup>SeHCAT in Patients with Diarrhoea of Unknown Cause (1996)

Pathological bile acid retention, studied with the radiological 75SeHCAT test, is common in patients with diarrhoea of unknown cause. The test should be performed earlier in the course of disease in order to prevent unnecessary radiological investigations and to reduce patient suffering and distress.
Increased T Cell Proliferative Responses to Islet Antigens Identify Clinical Responders to Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (Rituximab) Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to be due to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells by T lymphocytes, but a single course of rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 B lymphocyte Ab, can attenuate C-peptide loss over the first year of disease. The effects of B cell depletion on disease-associated T cell responses have not been studied. We compare changes in lymphocyte subsets, T cell proliferative responses to disease-associated target Ags, and C-peptide levels of participants who did (responders) or did not (nonresponders) show signs of β-cell preservation 1 y after rituximab therapy in a placebo-controlled TrialNet trial. Rituximab decreased B lymphocyte levels after four weekly doses of mAb. T cell proliferative responses to diabetes-associated Ags were present at baseline in 75% of anti-CD20- and 82% of placebo-treated subjects and were not different over time. However, in rituximab-treated subjects with significant C-peptide preservation at 6 mo (58%), the proliferative responses to diabetes-associated total (p = 0.032), islet-specific (p = 0.048), and neuronal autoantigens (p = 0.005) increased over the 12-mo observation period. This relationship was not seen in placebo-treated patients. We conclude that in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, anti-B cell mAb causes increased proliferative responses to diabetes Ags and attenuated β-cell loss. The way in which these responses affect the disease course remains unknown.
Hardened Setup of Personalized Security Indicators to Counter Phishing Attacks in Mobile Banking (2016)

Application phishing attacks are rooted in users inability to distinguish legitimate applications from malicious ones. Previous work has shown that personalized security indicators can help users in detecting application phishing attacks in mobile platforms. A personalized security indicator is a visual secret, shared between the user and a security-sensitive application (e.g., mobile banking). The user sets up the indicator when the application is started for the first time. Later on, the application displays the indicator to authenticate itself to the user. Despite their potential, no previous work has addressed the problem of how to securely setup a personalized security indicator -- a procedure that can itself be the target of phishing attacks. In this paper, we propose a setup scheme for personalized security indicators. Our solution allows a user to identify the legitimate application at the time she sets up the indicator, even in the presence of malicious applications. We implement and evaluate a prototype of the proposed solution for the Android platform. We also provide the results of a small-scale user study aimed at evaluating the usability and security of our solution.
A model-based temperature estimator for improving sensor dynamics in vehicle exhaust systems (2013)

With the advent of fast processors, real-time process control is becoming an important component of modern automobile industrial products. Normally, heat transfer processes possess large time constants and, as a consequence, temperature sensors are relatively slow. In order to protect against the hostile environment, temperature sensors used in vehicle exhaust systems need additional casing. Due to the casing, the heat transfer from the surface of the casing to the sensor is decreased even further. In order to design a feedback control for the vehicle, accurate information about the temperature inside the exhaust system is required which needs to be estimated from the measured temperature inside the exhaust system. In this paper, we develop a model of the sensor and use a Kalman filter for the prediction of the ambient temperature from the measurements. Further, we validate our results with suitable tests and compare the test results with the simulation results.
Annealing Effect on the Shape Memory Properties of Amorphous NiTi Thin Films (2010)

Thin film shape memory alloys have recently become a promising material for the actuation of devices on the microscale such as micropumps and microvalves. Their utilization, however, has been limited due to the difficulty in tailoring their properties for different applications. Control over the transformation temperatures as well as mechanical and shape memory properties is required to enable their widespread use. This study examines the effects of heat treatment time and temperature on the properties of amorphous, Ti-rich NiTi thin films on silicon substrates. The effects on the transformation temperatures are investigated through the use of temperature dependent optical microscopy and temperature dependent X-ray diffraction. The indentation modulus and hardness, as well as dissipated energy and depth recovery, are obtained through nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy. The role of microstructure and composition in altering both the mechanical and shape memory properties of the films is discussed.
HybridFlow: Achieving Load Balancing in Software-Defined WANs With Scalable Routing (2021)

The scalability issue hinders the deployment of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in the Wide Area Networks (WANs). Existing solutions have two issues: (1) network performance relies on complicated controller synchronization, which increases the complexity of network control; (2) fine-grained flow processing enables flexible flow control at the cost of high processing load on the controllers and high flow table occupancy on switches. In this paper, we propose a scalable routing solution named HybridFlow, which achieves a good load balancing performance using a single controller with low control overhead (i.e., flow routing and rerouting overhead). HybridFlow mainly employs two techniques: hybrid routing and crucial flow rerouting. Hybrid routing enabled by commercial SDN switches gives us opportunities to reduce the processing load of the controller by routing flows with the hybrid OpenFlow/OSPF mode. Thus, the majority of flows can be routed by OSPF without involving the controller. Crucial flow rerouting realizes load balancing by dynamically identifying crucial flows based on a new metric called Variation Slope and rerouting these flows with the hybrid OpenFlow/OSPF mode. The simulation based on the real traffic traces and network typologies shows that compared with the optimal solution, HybridFlow can achieve 87% of the optimal load balancing performance by rerouting 36% less flows on average.
Radiolabeled α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone analogs for receptor‐mediated targeting of melanoma: from tritium to indium (2003)

Following the first synthesis of tritiated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, alpha-melanotropin) in 1974 by Medzihradszky et al., several alpha-MSH analogs were designed containing between 2 and 12 tritium atoms, the latter of which displayed a specific radioactivity of 12.21 GBq/micromol (330 Ci/mmol). Similarly, radioiodinated alpha-MSH analogs of high purity, full biological activity and a specific radioactivity of approximately 140 GBq/micromol were obtained. Although tritiated and radioiodinated alpha-MSH became indispensable tools as tracer molecules for numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, above all for receptor identification and characterization as well as for structure-activity studies, they did not fulfill the criteria required for therapeutic in vivo targeting of metastatic melanoma. Therefore, we recently developed alpha-MSH analogs containing the universal metal chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) in different positions of the molecule. As DOTA can equally well incorporate diagnostic (e.g. (111)In, (67,68)Ga) and therapeutic (e.g. (90)Y, (67)Cu) radionuclides, DOTA-MSH compounds may serve for both melanoma scintigraphy and therapy. The analog DOTA-[betaAla(3), Nle(4), Asp(5), D-Phe(7), Lys(10)]-alpha-MSH(3-10) (DOTA-MSH(OCT)), which contains the metal chelator at its N-terminal end, displayed good in vitro MC1R affinity (IC(50) 9.21 nm). In vivo, [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) exhibited a favorable biodistribution profile after injection in B16-F1 tumor-bearing mice. The radiopeptide was rapidly cleared from blood through the kidneys and, most importantly, accumulated preferentially in the melanoma lesions. Lung and liver melanoma metastases could be clearly imaged on tissue section autoradiographs 4 h after injection of [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT). A comparative study of [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) with [(111)In]DOTA-[Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-alpha-MSH ([(111)In]DOTA-NDP-MSH) demonstrated the superiority of the DOTA-MSH(OCT) peptide, particularly with respect to the amount of radioactivity taken up by non-malignant organs, including bone, the most radiosensitive tissue. These results demonstrate that [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) specifically targets melanoma metastases and represents a lead compound for the development of therapeutic DOTA-MSH analogs.