gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Prevent Reactivation of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Infection in the Immunocompromised Host (1999)

Toxoplasma gondii remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals that are immunosuppressed, patients with AIDS in particular. The cellular immune response, especially by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing CD8(+) T cells, is an essential component of protective immunity against the parasite. In the present study the role of CD8(+) T cells during the reactivation of Toxoplasma infection in an immunocompromised murine model was evaluated. Chronically infected mice were challenged with LP-BM5 virus, and the kinetics of CD8(+) T-cell function was studied. At 10 weeks after viral infection, mice showed obvious signs of systemic illness and began to die. At this stage, CD8(+) T cells were unresponsive to antigenic stimulation and unable to kill Toxoplasma-infected targets. IFN-gamma production by the CD8(+) T cells from dual-infected animals reached background levels, and a dramatic fall in the frequency of precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes was observed. Histopathological analysis of the tissues demonstrated signs of disseminated toxoplasmosis as a result of reactivation of infection. However, treatment of the dual-infected animals with immune CD8(+) T cells at 5 weeks post-LP-BM5 challenge prevented the reactivation of toxoplasmosis, and mice continued to live. Our study for the first time demonstrates a therapeutic role for CD8(+) T cells against an opportunistic infection in an immunocompromised state.
Ultrasonic detection of icing onset and accretion thickness on aircraft (1993)

A major environmental hazard in aviation is ice buildup on aircraft. The development of a detector for the onset of icing and for accretion thickness measurement using ultrasonic waves is described. The detection is based on reflectivity change at a metal–ice interface and based on echo-ranging techniques using pulses of longitudinal and shear waves. The detector is sensitive to the onset of icing; ice layers as thin as 0.002 in. can be detected and accurate thickness can be measured from 0.015 in. onward. By using the ratio of an interface echo and an echo from an internal reference reflector, the quantitative measurement results are immune to changes in transducer coupling conditions. Using a combination of longitudinal and shear waves, the detector can also differentiate between ice and water. Laboratory tests were made for anticipated complications, such as rough or tilted surface of ice buildup and accretion of glaze versus rime ice. [Work supported by an Army SBIR grant to J-Tec Associates, Inc.]
Developing Bivalent Ligands to Target CUG Triplet Repeats, the Causative Agent of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2013)

An expanded CUG repeat transcript (CUG(exp)) is the causative agent of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) by sequestering muscleblind-like 1 protein (MBNL1), a regulator of alternative splicing. On the basis of a ligand (1) that was previously reported to be active in an in vitro assay, we present the synthesis of a small library containing 10 dimeric ligands (4-13) that differ in length, composition, and attachment point of the linking chain. The oligoamino linkers gave a greater gain in affinity for CUG RNA and were more effective when compared to oligoether linkers. The most potent in vitro ligand (9) was shown to be aqueous-soluble and both cell- and nucleus-permeable, displaying almost complete dispersion of MBNL1 ribonuclear foci in a DM1 cell model. Direct evidence for the bioactivity of 9 was observed in its ability to disperse ribonuclear foci in individual live DM1 model cells using time-lapse confocal fluorescence microscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Benzylation of Dimetallo Hexaaryl[70]Fullerenes on the Equatorial Region. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
N<sup><i>ε</i></sup> Functionalization of Metal and Organic Protected <scp>L</scp>‐Histidine for a Highly Efficient, Direct Labeling of Biomolecules with [Tc(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> (2003)

Two different pathways for the introduction of an acetyl group at N(epsilon ) in a N(alpha), N(delta), and -COO protected histidine to afford N(epsilon)-(CH(2)COOH)-histidine derivative 7 b are presented. The purpose of this study is the coupling of 7 b to amino groups in bioactive molecules such as peptides. After full deprotection of such a bioconjugate, histidine provides three coordination sites which efficiently coordinate to [(99m)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) or [Re(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) in a facial geometry. This allows the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. Selective derivatization at the N(epsilon) position has conveniently been achieved by concomitant protection of N(alpha) and N(delta) with a carbonyl group forming a six-membered urea. Cyclic urea ring opening with Fm-OH, coupling of phenylalanine as a model to 7 b through its primary amine and removing of all protecting groups in one step gave a histidine derivative of phenylalanine which could be labeled at 10(-5) M with (99m)Tc in very high yield and even in about 50 % yield at 10(-6) M. The Xray structure of a complex with [Re(CO)(3)](+) in which anilin is coupled to 7 b confirms the facial arrangement of histidine. A second pathway applies directly the [Re(CO)(3)](+) moiety as a protecting group. This is one of the rare examples in which a metal fragment is used as a protecting group for organic functionalities. The coordination to histidine protects the N(alpha), N(delta) and COO group in one single step, subsequent alkylation with BrCH(2)COOH(R) at N(epsilon), coupling to phenylalanine and oxidative deprotection of [Re(CO)(3)](+) to [ReO(4)](-) gave the corresponding bioconjugate in which histidine is coupled to phenylalanine through an acetylamide at N(epsilon). Both methods offer convenient pathways to introduce histidine in a biomolecule under retention of its three coordination sites. The procedures are adaptable to any biomolecule with pendant amines and allow the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals or inversed peptides.
Bullatencin, 4‐deoxyasimicin, and the uvariamicins: Additional bioactive annonaceous acetogenins from <i>Annona bullata</i> rich. (Annonaceae) (1992)

Additional bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Annona bullata Rich. by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. These acetogenins include bullatencin, a new single tetrahydrofuran acetogenin having a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain; 4-deoxyasimicin, a new adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin; and the uvariamicins, an isomeric mixture of four single tetrahydrofuran acetogenins showed selective cytotoxicities for certain human solid tumor cell lines comparable to or better than adriamycin.
[New substances with high specific activity for nucleic acid sequences: oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent]. (1983)

New molecules are described in which an intercalating agent is covalently linked through a polymethylene chain to an oligodeoxynucleotide. Using an oligodT sequence covalently linked to an acridine dye, it is shown that these molecules bind in a specific way to their complementary sequence (poly (A] and that the stability is strongly enhanced by the intercalating agent as compared with the unmodified oligodT. Substitution of a phosphate group by a positively charged group strengthens complex formation and protects the neighboring phosphodiester bond against nuclease cleavage.
<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Enterotoxin as a Novel-Targeted Therapeutic for Brain Metastasis (2007)

Brain metastasis is the most commonly occurring intracranial tumor whose incidence seems to be increasing. With standard therapy, the average survival time of patients is approximately 8 months, and treatment often leads to neurologic dysfunction in long-term survivors, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) has recently been shown to rapidly and specifically destroy cancer cells expressing CPE receptors claudin-3 and claudin-4. Unfortunately, the utility of CPE is precluded by systemic toxicity because its receptors are expressed in numerous organs. Here, we provide the first preclinical evidence that CPE may be uniquely suited to the local treatment of brain metastasis. By immunohistochemical analysis, claudin-3 and claudin-4 were expressed frequently in metastases from breast (15 of 18), lung (15 of 20), and colon (12 of 14) carcinoma, and infrequently in metastases from renal cell carcinoma (2 of 16) and melanoma (2 of 16). In contrast, expression of claudin-3 and claudin-4 was absent in adjacent normal brain tissue. Further examination of the central nervous system (CNS) revealed low or undetectable levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in all regions tested by Western and immunohistochemical analysis. Treatment of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, NT2.5-luc) and normal human astrocytes with CPE in vitro resulted in rapid and dose-dependent cytolysis exclusively in breast cancer cells, correlating with claudin-3 and claudin-4 expression. Moreover, intracranial CPE treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival in two murine models of breast cancer brain metastasis, without any apparent local or systemic toxicity. These data suggest that CPE therapy may have efficacy against a wide variety of brain metastases without CNS toxicity.
Predictive Torque Control and Capacitor Balancing of a SiC-Based Dual T-Type Drive System (2019)

This paper proposes a new approach for the capacitor balancing of a dual three-level T-type converter based on silicon carbide discrete semiconductors. This study is performed while the converter feeds an open-end induction motor. The model predictive control (MPC) scheme is developed to balance the dc-link capacitors and to control the machine torque simultaneously. The proposed technique for MPC reduces the number of redundant switching states that are used in computations without affecting the operating voltage vectors. This reduces the computational time substantially. In addition, the proposed control strategy mitigates the weighting factor tuning problem of capacitor balancing in addition to the conventional MPC cost function. MATLAB simulation results for the proposed drive system under different case studies are presented. Hardware experimental setup for the proposed converter is built, tested, and verified. A comparison between experimental and simulation results is presented. It is observed that the theoretical as well as the experimental results are in full agreement.
Nanostencil lithography for high-throughput fabrication of infrared plasmonic sensors (2011)

We demonstrate a novel fabrication approach for high-throughput fabrication of engineered infrared plasmonic nanorod antenna arrays with Nanostencil Lithography (NSL). NSL technique, relying on deposition of materials through a shadow mask, offers the flexibility and the resolution to fabricate radiatively engineer nanoantenna arrays for excitation of collective plasmonic resonances. Overlapping these collective plasmonic resonances with molecular specific absorption bands can enable ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy. First, nanorod antenna arrays fabricated using NSL are investigated using SEM and optical spectroscopy, and compared against the nanorods with the same dimensions fabricated using EBL. No irregularities on the periodicity or the physical dimensions are detected for NSL fabricated nanorods. We also confirmed that the antenna arrays fabricated by NSL shows high optical quality similar to EBL fabricated ones. Furthermore, we show nanostencils can be reused multiple times to fabricate selfsame structures with identical optical responses repeatedly and reliably. This capability is particularly useful when high-throughput replication of the optimized nanoparticle arrays is desired. In addition to its high-throughput capability, NSL permits fabrication of plasmonic devices on surfaces that are difficult to work with electron/ion beam techniques. Nanostencil lithography is a resist free process thus allows the transfer of the nanopatterns to any planar substrate whether it is conductive, insulating or magnetic. As proof of the versatility of the NSL technique, we show fabrication of plasmonic structures in variety of geometries. We also demonstrate that nanostencil lithography can be used to achieve functional plasmonic devices in a single fabrication step, on variety of substrates. We introduced NSL for fabrication of nanoplasmonic structures including antenna arrays on rigid surfaces such as silicon, CaF2 and glass. In conclusion, Nanostencil Lithography enables plasmonic substrates supporting spectrally narrow far-field resonances with enhanced near-field intensities which are very useful for vibrational spectroscopy. We believe this nanofabrication scheme, enabling the reusability of stencil and offering flexibility on the substrate choice and nano-pattern design could significantly enhance wide-use of plasmonics in sensing technologies.
COFFEE: A Context-Free Protocol for Stimulating Data Forwarding in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

Reputation based and credit-exchange based approaches have been studied extensively to enforce cooperation among non-cooperative nodes in wireless ad hoc networks. Most of the existing solutions are fundamentally context-based ones, which need to accurately identify selfish behaviors, securely maintain the context, and appropriately punish the selfish nodes. These requirements are extremely difficult to satisfy if not impossible. From a completely new angle, this paper proposes a context-free protocol, COFFEE, to enforce cooperation among selfish nodes, which has the ability to transmit a packet over the path successfully without the dependency on the information of other packets' transmission. Considering that every node in the network is rational, during the packet forwarding stage, if the intermediate nodes can not clearly tell whether the packet is destined to them or not, they can not simply drop the packet. Thus, in our proposed COFFEE protocol, through introducing several techniques, for any packet received by any node, the node thinks the packet could be destined to it and forwards the packet to find out the answer. Detailed analysis and performance evaluation have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Interactions With an Empathetic Agent: Regulating Emotions and Improving Engagement in Autism (2019)

Based on years of research establishing the utility of socially assistive robots (SARs) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention, such robots have now become popular tools, widely used in special education schools, autism care centers, and clinical settings. Most previous studies have explored the roles of SARs as instructors, learning aides, and social-skills trainers, focusing on the learning, language, and social impairments associated with ASD. This article addresses aspects of empathy and emotion regulation (ER) impairments, which are important underlying factors for many atypicalities manifested in ASD. We discuss the design of our robot's emotional capabilities, its emotion-based action library, and the algorithm it uses to regulate a user's emotions. In addition, we describe a user study that evaluates the ER capabilities of an emotionally expressive empathetic agent as well as its capability to prime higher social engagement in a user.
Catalytic studies on a novel synthesis of methanol (1991)

Catalytic studies on a new method for methanol synthesis from CO and H{sub 2} in a slurry reactor are described. This reaction proceeds through the carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate in the liquid phase followed by hydrogenolysis of methyl formate to two molecules of methanol; the net result is the reaction of CO with H{sub 2} to give methanol. Moderate temperatures and pressures (100--160{degrees}C, 50--65 atm) are used. Reaction rates using mixed catalysts comprised of an alkali methoxide and Cu-chromite are presented. It seems likely that Cu-chromite maintains the activity of the alkali methoxide catalyst. A mixed catalyst comprised of potassium methoxide and Cu-chromite was found to be the most active under the reaction conditions used. Evidence is provided for an interaction between the alkali methoxide and Cu-chromite. 27 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Applications of the water-gas shift reaction. 2. Catalytic exchange of deuterium for hydrogen at saturated carbon (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of the water-gas shift reaction. 2. Catalytic exchange of deuterium for hydrogen at saturated carbonR. M. Laine, D. W. Thomas, L. W. Cary, and S. E. ButtrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 20, 6527–6528Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00488a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00488a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Developing Translational Vaccines against Heroin and Fentanyl through Investigation of Adjuvants and Stability (2020)

The nearly insurmountable adversity that accompanies opioid use disorder (OUD) creates life-altering complications for opioid users. To worsen matters, existing small-molecule drugs continue to inadequately address OUD due to their engagement of the opioid receptor, which can leave the user to deal with side effects and financial hardships from their repeated use. An alternative therapeutic approach utilizes endogenously generated antibodies through active vaccination to reduce the effect of opioids without modulating the opioid receptor. Here, we explore different adjuvants and storage conditions to improve opioid vaccine efficacy and shelf life. Our results revealed that inulin-based formulations (Advax) containing a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) acted as effective adjuvants when combined with a heroin conjugate: immunized mice showed excellent recovery from heroin-induced antinociception accompanied by high titer, high opioid affinity serum antibodies similar to the immunopotentiating properties of traditional alum-based adjuvants. Moreover, nonhuman primates vaccinated with a heroin/fentanyl combination vaccine demonstrated potent antibody responses against opioids when formulated with both inulin and alum adjuvants. Finally, storing a freeze-dried opioid vaccine formulation maintained efficacy for up 1 year at room temperature. The results from our studies represent an advance toward a clinically feasible opioid vaccine.
High Thermal Expansion Phosphate Glasses. Part 1 (1991)

The purpose of the research was to find effective ways of improving the chemical durability of phosphate glasses while maintening a thermal expansion coefficient superior to 175.10 -7 °C -1 and retaining other desirable properties which are needed for sealing to low melting, high expansion metals and alloys.The general composition investigated were M 2 O-MO-M 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 , where M 2 O=Ag 2 O, Na 2 O, or K 2 O, MO=BaO or PbO, and M 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 or Fe 2 O 3
Magnetic Levitation Control by 4 Points Attraction with Nonlinear Characteristics. (1991)

In the field of semiconductor products such as VLSI, there arise needs for ultra clean environ ments in microscopic processing. One of factors of polusion is in production equipments. That is, the polusion is caused by the rubber parts in the equipments. One of techniques of solutions for this problem is to use a magnetic levitation system for noncontact transfer. In this paper, a magnetic levitaion control by 4 points attraction is presented. The problem is a nonlinearity at magnetic circuits with respect to the magnetic force especially when relatively nallow gap suspentions between magnets and the levitated vehicle is considered. In fact, the suspention gap of the experi mental system is designed to be 0.8 mm. Even though there are some methods for linearization and these give the effectivity for the levitation controls, the method presented here is also another effective one which does not use linearization for magnetic force. Appropriateness of this idea is grooved by experimental results.
Tooth guard: A vision system for detecting missing tooth in rope mine shovel (2016)

Rope shovels are widely used in the mining industry to dig ore. During operation, one or more teeth in the bucket can be lost as a result of the force that impacts the teeth, which causes a serious problem when the broken teeth gets picked up by the haul truck and eventually ended up in the crusher and jamming it. In this paper, we present a vision system for monitoring tooth condition and detecting missing tooth for a mining shovel. Our system leverages the predictable range of motion that the bucket of a rope shovel goes through during operation due to the camera mounting. For this reason, our strategy is to use exemplar based image retrieval and a sliding window procedure to first locate a pre-defined static region of the bucket in a live frame, followed by detecting the tooth line region based on its relative position to the selected exemplar. Once the tooth line region is detected, we proceed by determining its transformation from a recently detected tooth line region, and rectify the tooth line region before conducting image differencing. The difference image is then converted into a response map by sliding a tooth template associated with the retrieved exemplar and computing a correlation score per sliding window. Finally, the tooth line associated with the retrieved exemplar is rigidly scaled and rotated within a specified range in the response map to find a final tooth line position with the largest overall fitting score. An individual tooth is then flagged as missing if its missing measurement exceeds a threshold. The outstanding performance and high reliability of the proposed system have been demonstrated by experiments on video sequences collected from an iron ore mining site and a two-month trial of an installed unit on a production line.
The prediction of late-onset preeclampsia: Results from a longitudinal proteomics study (2017)

Elevated MMP-7 early in gestation (8-22 weeks) and low PlGF later in gestation (after 22 weeks) are the strongest predictors for the subsequent development of late-onset preeclampsia, suggesting that the optimal identification of patients at risk may involve a two-step diagnostic process.