gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Potential Difference of Biomineralized Inorganic Nanodot by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (2007)

Ferritins were bound electrostatically in an aqueous condition to the silicon wafer, which was modified with aminosilane molecules. An investigation of metal nanoparticles (Fe) in ferritin by different experimental techniques, namely, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was carried out. Fe nanoparticles showed exceptional behavior as determined by KFM and XPS. Initial results concerning these measurements, particularly with XPS, were those of Fe2O3 particles. The instrument can be used for imaging the surface potential difference by KFM, and by simultaneous topography to study the effects of Ar+ ion bombardment at 3.0 keV in XPS. After the Ar+ ion bombardment of the ferritin particles, All of the Fe2O3 ferritin nanoparticles showed important changes to Fe nanoparticles in terms of their stoichiometry in a very short time. The surface potential difference between the ferritin and Si substrate can be measured with high spatial sensitivity using KFM before/after Ar+ ion bombardment. Furthermore, KFM has shown that there exists a very high surface potential, probably owing to the reduction of the surface to its element induced by Ar+ ion bombardment. Initial and experimental results of ferritin with KFM using Ar+ ion bombardment concerning these parameters are presented in this article.
Shape‐Memory Performance of Thermoplastic Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Poly(<scp>d,l</scp>‐lactic acid‐<i>co</i>‐ethylene glycol‐<i>co</i>‐<scp>d,l</scp>‐lactic acid) (PELA)/Hydroxyapatite Composites (2014)

Biodegradable polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are desired for skeletal tissue engineering. When engineered with thermal-responsive shape memory properties, they may be delivered in a minimally invasive temporary shape and subsequently triggered to conform to a tissue defect. Here we report the shape memory properties of thermoplastic amphiphilic poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-ethylene glycol-co-D,L-lactic acid) (PELA, 120 kDa) and HA-PELA composites. These materials can be cold-deformed and stably fixed into temporary shapes at room temperature and undergo rapid shape recovery (< 3 s) at 50 °C. Stable fixation (>99% fixing ratio) of large deformations is achieved at -20 °C. While the shape recovery from tensile deformations slows with higher HA contents, all composites (up to 20 wt% HA) achieve high shape recovery (>90%) upon 10-min equilibration at 50 °C. The permanent shapes of HA-PELA can be reprogramed at 50 °C, and macroporous shape memory scaffolds can be fabricated by rapid prototyping.
A Simple Method Based on the Application of a CCD Camera as a Sensor to Detect Low Concentrations of Barium Sulfate in Suspension (2011)

The development of a simple, rapid and low cost method based on video image analysis and aimed at the detection of low concentrations of precipitated barium sulfate is described. The proposed system is basically composed of a webcam with a CCD sensor and a conventional dichroic lamp. For this purpose, software for processing and analyzing the digital images based on the RGB (Red, Green and Blue) color system was developed. The proposed method had shown very good repeatability and linearity and also presented higher sensitivity than the standard turbidimetric method. The developed method is presented as a simple alternative for future applications in the study of precipitations of inorganic salts and also for detecting the crystallization of organic compounds.
The influence of Si concentrations on the oxidation resistance of Mo-Si-B-(N) coatings (2014)

The influence of the silicon concentration on the oxidation resistance of Mo-Si-B-N coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering is investigated. The Si content in them was controlled by the composite-target composition, as well as by various areas of silicon segments placed into the target-erosion zone. The composition and structure of coatings after deposition and annealing in air at temperatures of 500–1300°C are investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy. It is established that oxidation resistance increases as the Si concentration in coatings increases, which is caused by the formation of a silicon oxide-based dense layer; this layer prevents oxygen propagation into the coating depth upon heating. The maximal oxidation resistance at a level of 1300°C is attained in Mo-Si-B-N coatings containing 40 at % Si.
Molecular analysis of the prevalent microbiota of human male and female forehead skin compared to forearm skin and the influence of make-up (2011)

This study enhances our knowledge about the highly complex microbiota of the human skin and demonstrates for the first time the significant effect of make-up on the bacterial diversity of the forehead skin.
Efficient Gene Transfer to Kidney Mesenchymal Cells Using a Synthetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vector (2018)

These studies establish a novel method for inducible knockout of floxed genes in mouse mesangium, pericytes, and perivascular fibroblasts and are the foundation for future gene therapy approaches to treat kidney fibrosis.
Feasibility of Incorporating Voice Technology and Virtual Assistants in Cardiovascular Care and Clinical Trials (2021)

Voice technology represents a novel and promising tool for cardiovascular clinical trials; however, research is still required to understand how it can be best harnessed.
Tomographic imaging with a terahertz binary lens (2003)

The focal length of a binary lens is linearly proportional to the frequency of the imaging beam; this property allows objects at various positions along the beam propagation path to be uniquely imaged on the same imaging plane with different corresponding frequencies. We reconstructed tomographic images of objects by assembling the frequency-dependent images, and demonstrated three-dimensional tomographic imaging using a binary lens with broadband terahertz pulses.
Development of a Novel Process Integrating the Treatment of Sludge Reject Water and the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) (2015)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from activated sludge and renewable organic material can become an alternative product to traditional plastics since they are biodegradable and are produced from renewable sources. In this work, the selection of PHA storing bacteria was integrated with the side stream treatment of nitrogen removal via nitrite from sewage sludge reject water. A novel process was developed and applied where the alternation of aerobic-feast and anoxic-famine conditions accomplished the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite. Two configurations were examined: in configuration 1 the ammonium conversion to nitrite occurred in the same reactor in which the PHA selection process occurred, while in configuration 2 two separate reactors were used. The results showed that the selection of PHA storing biomass was successful in both configurations, while the nitrogen removal efficiency was much higher (almost 90%) in configuration 2. The PHA selection degree was evaluated by the volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rate (-qVFAs) and the PHA production rate (qPHA), which were 239 ± 74 and 89 ± 7 mg of COD per gram of active biomass (Xa) per hour, respectively. The characterization of the biopolymer recovered after the accumulation step, showed that it was composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) (60%) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) (40%). The properties associated with the produced PHA suggest that they are suitable for thermoplastic processing.
Celecoxib and GABA Cooperatively Prevent the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and in Xenograft Models of Stress-Free and Stress-Exposed Mice (2012)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and is associated with high levels of psychological distress. We have shown that beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), which are activated by stress neurotransmitters, regulate PDAC cells via cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling in vitro, that social stress promotes PDAC progression in mouse xenografts and that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibits these responses in vitro and in vivo. The targeted inhibition of stress-induced regulatory pathways may abolish the potentially negative impact of psychological stress on clinical outcomes. Our current data show that chronic exposure of PDAC cell lines Panc-1 (activating point mutations in K-ras) and BXPC-3 (no mutations in K-ras) in vitro to the stress neurotransmitter epinephrine at the concentration (15 nM) previously measured in the serum of mice exposed to social stress significantly increased proliferation and migration. These responses were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by celecoxib. The effects of celecoxib alone and in combination with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the progression of subcutaneous mouse xenografts from the cell line (BXPC-3) most responsive to epinephrine were then investigated in the presence and absence of social stress. Cancer-stimulating factors (VEGF & prostaglandin E(2) [PGE(2)]) and levels of cAMP were measured by immunoassays in blood and xenograft tissue. Phosphorylation of the signaling proteins ERK, CREB, Src, and AKT was assessed by ELISA assays and Western blotting. Expression of COX-2, 5-lipoxygenase, and p-5-LOX were determined by semi-quantitative Western blotting. Celecoxib alone significantly inhibited xenograft progression and decreased systemic and tumor VEGF, PGE2, and cAMP as well as phosphorylated signaling proteins in stress-exposed and stress-free mice. These responses were significantly enhanced by co-treatment with GABA. The celecoxib-induced downregulation of COX-2 protein and p-5-LOX was also significantly enhanced by GABA under both experimental conditions. Our findings identify the targeted inhibition of stress-induced pathways as a promising area for more effective cancer intervention in pancreatic cancer.
Insomnia with Objective Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Deficits in Neuropsychological Performance: A General Population Study (2010)

Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with deficits in set-switching attentional abilities, a key component of the "executive control of attention." These findings suggest that objective sleep duration may predict the severity of chronic insomnia, including its effect on neurocognitive function.
Current and Prospective Methods for Plant Disease Detection (2015)

Food losses due to crop infections from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are persistent issues in agriculture for centuries across the globe. In order to minimize the disease induced damage in crops during growth, harvest and postharvest processing, as well as to maximize productivity and ensure agricultural sustainability, advanced disease detection and prevention in crops are imperative. This paper reviews the direct and indirect disease identification methods currently used in agriculture. Laboratory-based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence (IF), fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry (FCM) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are some of the direct detection methods. Indirect methods include thermography, fluorescence imaging and hyperspectral techniques. Finally, the review also provides a comprehensive overview of biosensors based on highly selective bio-recognition elements such as enzyme, antibody, DNA/RNA and bacteriophage as a new tool for the early identification of crop diseases.
Etiology and Pharmacology of Neuropathic Pain (2018)

Injury to or disease of the nervous system can invoke chronic and sometimes intractable neuropathic pain. Many parallel, interdependent, and time-dependent processes, including neuroimmune interactions at the peripheral, supraspinal, and spinal levels, contribute to the etiology of this "disease of pain." Recent work emphasizes the roles of colony-stimulating factor 1, ATP, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Excitatory processes are enhanced, and inhibitory processes are attenuated in the spinal dorsal horn and throughout the somatosensory system. This leads to central sensitization and aberrant processing such that tactile and innocuous thermal information is perceived as pain (allodynia). Processes involved in the onset of neuropathic pain differ from those involved in its long-term maintenance. Opioids display limited effectiveness, and less than 35% of patients derive meaningful benefit from other therapeutic approaches. We thus review promising therapeutic targets that have emerged over the last 20 years, including Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, transient receptor potential channel type V1 channels, and adenosine A3 receptors. Despite this progress, the gabapentinoids retain their status as first-line treatments, yet their mechanism of action is poorly understood. We outline recent progress in understanding the etiology of neuropathic pain and show how this has provided insights into the cellular actions of pregabalin and gabapentin. Interactions of gabapentinoids with the <i>α</i>2<i>δ</i>-1 subunit of voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels produce multiple and neuron type-specific actions in spinal cord and higher centers. We suggest that drugs that affect multiple processes, rather than a single specific target, show the greatest promise for future therapeutic development.
Autonomous replication of foreign DNA in Histoplasma capsulatum: role of native telomeric sequences (1993)

Genetic transformation of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum can result in chromosomal integration of the transforming DNA or the generation of multicopy linear plasmids carrying the transforming DNA. We showed previously that Escherichia coli plasmids do not replicate autonomously in H. capsulatum without significant modifications, one of which is the in vivo addition of Histoplasma telomeres at the termini of linear DNA. To address the requirements for autonomous replication in H. capsulatum, we constructed a circular E. coli plasmid containing adjacent inverted stretches of Histoplasma telomeric repeats separated by a unique restriction site. The linearized plasmid bearing telomeric termini was maintained in H. capsulatum without modification other than the addition of more telomeric sequence. We recovered the original plasmid in E. coli after removal of the telomeric termini by using engineered restriction sites. Thus, no special Histoplasma modification or sequence other than the telomeres was needed for autonomous replication in H. capsulatum. Additionally, this plasmid provides a shuttle vector that replicates autonomously in E. coli (as a circular plasmid) and in H. capsulatum (as a linear plasmid).
Pioglitazone Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Vivo (2005)

Thiazolidenediones such as pioglitazone improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients by several mechanisms, including increased uptake and metabolism of free fatty acids in adipose tissue. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of pioglitazone on mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in subcutaneous fat. Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups and treated with placebo or pioglitazone (45 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis were quantified by real-time PCR. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased mitochondrial copy number and expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Treatment with pioglitazone stimulated the expression of genes in the fatty acid oxidation pathway, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The expression of PPAR-alpha, a transcriptional regulator of genes encoding mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, was higher after pioglitazone treatment. Finally, the increased mitochondrial copy number and the higher expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes may contribute to the hypolipidemic effects of pioglitazone.
New Insight into Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals on Coumarin-Containing Polymer Films (2006)

Polymers containing 6- and 7-substituted coumarin moieties were prepared as photoalignment films through linearly polarized UV irradiation to a varying fluence for an investigation of liquid crystal orientation. Model coumarin monomers and dimers were also synthesized and characterized as part of a novel approach to the interpretation of liquid crystal orientation in terms of monomer conversion. The experimental results for monomer conversion as a function of fluence were used to validate the first-order kinetics with an exponentially decaying rate constant as the reaction proceeds. A kinetic model was constructed to describe the evolutions of the orientational order on the parts of the reacted and the unreacted coumarin moieties. The model was instrumental to the visualization of liquid crystal orientation on photoalignment films at the early and the late stages of dimerization. Furthermore, the observed crossover in liquid crystal orientation on the polymer film comprising 7-substituted coumarin moieties was successfully interpreted by considering three factors: the relative abundance of the reacted and the unreacted coumarin moieties, the degrees of their orientational order predicted by the kinetic model, and the energetics of molecular interaction.
Multicenter U.S. Bilateral MED-EL Cochlear Implantation Study: Speech Perception over the First Year of Use (2008)

These results support a growing consensus that bilateral implantation provides functional benefits beyond those of unilateral implantation. Longitudinal data suggest that some aspects of binaural processing continue to develop up to 1 yr after implantation. The squelch effect, often reported as absent or rare in previous studies of bilateral cochlear implantation, was present for most subjects at the 1 yr measurement interval.
Face Recognition Based on Frontal Views Generated from Non-Frontal Images (2005)

This paper presents a method for face recognition across large changes in viewpoint. Our method is based on a morphable model of 3D faces that represents face-specific information extracted from a dataset of 3D scans. For non-frontal face recognition in 2D still images, the morphable model can be incorporated in two different approaches: in the first, it serves as a preprocessing step by estimating the 3D shape of novel faces from the non-frontal input images, and generating frontal views of the reconstructed faces at a standard illumination using 3D computer graphics. The transformed images are then fed into state-of-the-art face recognition systems that are optimized for frontal views. This method was shown to be extremely effective in the Face Recognition Vendor Test FRVT 2002. In the process of estimating the 3D shape of a face from an image, a set of model coefficients are estimated. In the second method, face recognition is performed directly from these coefficients. In this paper we explain the algorithm used to preprocess the images in FRVT 2002, present additional FRVT 2002 results, and compare these results to recognition from the model coefficients.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>Regulates Aromatase Activity and Expression in Human Adipose Stromal Cells via Two Distinct Receptor Subtypes (2003)

The aromatase enzyme complex, located primarily in the stromal cells of breast tumors, catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis and is fundamental to hormone-dependent growth of breast cancer. Although an important pharmacological target, the mechanisms by which aromatase is regulated are poorly understood. Thus, regulation of aromatase activity and expression in human breast stromal cells by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was investigated. PGE(2) exerts its actions via four transmembrane receptors, EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4), which coordinate different signal transduction pathways. Using selective receptor agonists and antagonists, the involvement of the EP(1), EP(2), and EP(3) subtypes was assessed. Enzyme activity levels in cultures of disease-free stromal cells were determined using a tritiated water-release assay. PGE(2) and agonists of EP(1) and EP(2) significantly increased aromatase activity levels, which were decreased by the corresponding antagonists. An agonist of EP(3), an inhibitory pathway, antagonized activity levels induced by PGE(2). These results were generally reflective of changes in aromatase protein expression, determined by Western blotting analysis and the pattern of mRNA expression determined by a competitive RT-PCR method. Collectively, the results demonstrate that regulation of aromatase by PGE(2) is complex and may influence the development and progression of hormone-dependent breast cancer.
Internet Locus: Extending transparency to an Internet environment (1986)

Network transparency refers to the ability of a distributed system to hide machine boundaries from people and application programs; i.e. all resources are accessed in the same manner, independent of their locations. It is demonstrated that transparency across a long-haul network is both highly desirable and technically feasible. A case study of the transparent, distributed operating system Locus, extended to operate transparently across an internet system that includes long-haul links, is discussed at length. New protocols, distributed cache management, and process execution site selection are all used to achieve the results reported.
Retinal Vein Occlusion and Traditional Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis (2008)

Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are common risk factors for RVO in adults, and diabetes mellitus is less so. It remains to be determined whether lowering blood pressure and/or serum lipid levels can improve visual acuity or the complications of RVO.
Segmented-core single-mode fiber optimized for bending performance (1988)

The performance of a matched-clad single-mode fiber design presently under development is described. Fibers of this design, which is based on the segmented-core approach, have been fabricated with a higher delta than simple matched-clad step-index single-mode fibers without a sacrificial increase in either the fiber cutoff or zero dispersion wavelengths. The resulting improvements in both macrobending and microbending performance is detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex (2004)

We characterize the survival, migration, and differentiation of human neurospheres derived from CNS stem cells transplanted into the ischemic cortex of rats 7 days after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Transplanted neurospheres survived robustly in naive and ischemic brains 4 wk posttransplant. Survival was influenced by proximity of the graft to the stroke lesion and was negatively correlated with the number of IB4-positive inflammatory cells. Targeted migration of the human cells was seen in ischemic animals, with many human cells migrating long distances ( approximately 1.2 mm) predominantly toward the lesion; in naive rats, cells migrated radially from the injection site in smaller number and over shorter distances (0.2 mm). The majority of migrating cells in ischemic rats had a neuronal phenotype. Migrating cells between the graft and the lesion expressed the neuroblast marker doublecortin, whereas human cells at the lesion border expressed the immature neuronal marker beta-tubulin, although a small percentage of cells at the lesion border also expressed glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Thus, transplanted human CNS (hCNS)-derived neurospheres survived robustly in naive and ischemic brains, and the microenvironment influenced their migration and fate.