gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Learning of Hierarchical Word Embeddings from a Corpus and a Taxonomy (2019)

Identifying the hypernym relations that hold between words is a fundamental task in NLP. Word embedding methods have recently shown some capability to encode hypernymy. However, such methods tend not to explicitly encode the hypernym hierarchy that exists between words. In this paper, we propose a method to learn a hierarchical word embedding in a specii¬c order to capture the hypernymy. To learn the word embeddings, the proposed method considers not only the hypernym relations that exists between words on a taxonomy, but also their contextual information in a large text corpus. The experimental results on a supervised hypernymy detection and a newly-proposed hierarchical path completion tasks show the ability of the proposed method to encode the hierarchy. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms previously proposed methods for learning word and hypernym-specii¬c word embeddings on multiple benchmarks.
On Secure, Privacy-Aware, and Efficient Beacon Broadcasting among One-Hop Neighbors in VANETs (2014)

Many Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) applications achieve a decent packet delivery ratio using mobility information in the beacon messages broadcasted to the single hop neighbours. Recently it has been found that if two VANET nodes are not within a line of sight (LoS), the performance of the employed VANET applications can be significantly degraded. Most of the existing VANET researches assume the ideal effective transmission range which does not consider Non-LoS (NLoS) scenario. To fill this gap, this paper provides a new mechanism: (a) to keep the track of the LoS status of individual vehicles on the road (b) to make sure that even in case of NLoS, vehicles maintain their communication with neighbors, and (c) to preserve the location confidentiality and privacy of the users conditionally at all times during communication. We propose a beacons-assisted plausibility-based technique to figure out NLoS status and a cooperative mechanism to guarantee a smooth communication between vehicles in case of NLoS. In case of NLoS, the affected vehicles raise alarms through their beacons and the neighbors with clear LoS to the target vehicles provide the affected vehicle with desired information. Moreover we maintain privacy-aware neighbor lists and location-based encryption for the aforementioned purpose and take the security of privacy of the whole system into account.
Immobilization of enzyme by microencapsulation and application of the encapsulated enzyme in the catalysis (1989)

Microencapsulation of lipase (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was carried out using (W/O)/W two-phase emulsion technique. Polystyrene (PS) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) were utilized as wall materials either separately or in mixture. A particular composition of 2:1 PS-SBR yielded homogeneous and tough wall structure, resilient to the impact and tight confinement of enzyme macromolecules. Performance of the encapsulated enzyme was evaluated employing the hydrolysis of triacetin (triglyceride of acetic acid) as a model substrate of the enzyme catalysis. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the behaviour of hydrolysis, which was derived under the assumption that the diffusion of small molecules (substrate and products) through the wall of microcapsules plays a dominant role to the reaction rate. Inhibition of the reaction by the decreasing pH due to the release of acetic acid was also taken into account. The calculated values agreed quite well with the observed data.
Non-Insulin and Non-Exercise Related Increase of Glucose Utilization in Rats and Mice. (1994)

The effects of high-energy phosphate contents in muscles on glucose tolerance and glucose uptake into tissues were studied in rats and mice. Enhanced glucose tolerance associated with depleted high-energy phosphates and elevated glycogen content in muscles and liver was observed in animals fed creatine analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA). Distribution of infused 2-[1-14C]deoxy-D-glucose in tissues especially in the soleus muscle, kidney, and brain was greater in mice fed beta-GPA than controls. The glucose uptake was decreased when the contents of ATP and glycogen were normalized following creatine supplementation. Plasma insulin in animals at rest was lower and its concentration after intraperitoneal glucose infusion tended to be less in animals fed beta-GPA than controls (p > 0.05), although the pattern of insulin response to glucose loading was similar to the control. The daily voluntary activity in beta-GPA fed mice was also less than controls. These results suggest that improved glucose tolerance is not related to elevated insulin concentration and/or decreased glycogen following exercise. Such improvement may be due to an increased mitochondrial energy metabolism caused by depletion of high-energy phosphates.
Treatment Modalities for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis (2009)

Current evidence demonstrates the efficacy of iv corticosteroids in decreasing CAS in patients with moderate to severe GO. Intravenous pulse corticosteroids therapy has a small but statistically significant advantage oral therapy and causes significantly fewer adverse events. Somatostatin analogs have marginal clinical efficacy. The efficacy of orbital radiotherapy as single therapy remains unclear, whereas the combination of radiotherapy with corticosteroids has better efficacy than either radiotherapy or oral corticosteroids alone.
Adaptation of Myocardial Substrate Metabolism to a Ketogenic Nutrient Environment (2010)

Heart muscle is metabolically versatile, converting energy stored in fatty acids, glucose, lactate, amino acids, and ketone bodies. Here, we use mouse models in ketotic nutritional states (24 h of fasting and a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet) to demonstrate that heart muscle engages a metabolic response that limits ketone body utilization. Pathway reconstruction from microarray data sets, gene expression analysis, protein immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis of myocardial tissue from nutritionally modified mouse models reveal that ketotic states promote transcriptional suppression of the key ketolytic enzyme, succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT; encoded by Oxct1), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-dependent induction of the key ketogenic enzyme HMGCS2. Consistent with reduction of SCOT, NMR profiling demonstrates that maintenance on a ketogenic diet causes a 25% reduction of myocardial (13)C enrichment of glutamate when (13)C-labeled ketone bodies are delivered in vivo or ex vivo, indicating reduced procession of ketones through oxidative metabolism. Accordingly, unmetabolized substrate concentrations are higher within the hearts of ketogenic diet-fed mice challenged with ketones compared with those of chow-fed controls. Furthermore, reduced ketone body oxidation correlates with failure of ketone bodies to inhibit fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that ketotic nutrient environments engage mechanisms that curtail ketolytic capacity, controlling the utilization of ketone bodies in ketotic states.
All PARP inhibitors are not equal: An in vitro mechanistic comparison of PF-01367338 to iniparib. (2011)

e13576 Background: PARP is a key enzyme involved in base-excision repair. Pre-clinically it has been shown that BRCA1/2 deficient cells are hyper-sensitive to PARP inhibition. These cells can’t repair replication associated double-strand breaks that result from PARP inhibition due to defects in homologous recombination repair. Iniparib (BSI-201) is an allosteric PARP inhibitor that, in its activated form, reacts with PARP in the DNA binding domain. This interaction inhibits DNA damage induced activation of isolated PARP protein resulting in inhibition in vitro. PF-01367338 is an enzymatic active site directed inhibitor. This study compared iniparib with a potent competitive inhibitor, PF-01367338 (formerly AG014699), in a cellular environment. Methods: PARP inhibition was evaluated using purified enzyme and cell extracts in standard biochemical assays. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)(PAR) formation in live cells (MDA-MB-231/436) was determined using an anti-PAR antibody ELISA assay. PARP activity in tumor cell homogenates was measured by radioactive polymer formation assay. Results: PF-01367338 inhibited PARP enzymatic activity and PAR formation in cells with a potency of 5 nM. PF-01367338 inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-436 cells with an IC50 of 1.2 uM. In addition, PAR formation in tumor-bearing mice was fully inhibited within 30 min at 10 mg/kg. In contrast, iniparib did not inhibit enzymatic activity or PAR formation in vitro. Incubation of iniparib with cell lysates resulted in inhibition of PARP activity with an IC50 of 200 nM, demonstrating that the active nitroso compound can form in these cells. However, iniparib did not induce antiproliferative activity in treated cells. Conclusions: The lack of PARP inhibition by iniparib in two BRCA deficient cell lines suggests that while this inhibitor can inhibit PARP in vitro, it may not be able to inhibit PARP in a complex cellular environment. Additionally, iniparib inhibits other enzymes including GAPDH and caspase-3, suggesting that results seen for iniparib in the clinic may not be due solely to, or reflect PARP inhibition. In contrast, the primary mechanism-of-action of catalytic PARP inhibitors such as PF-01367338 is likely to be related to PARP inhibition.
A Predictive NOx Monitoring System for Gas Turbines (1991)

There is great interest in an alternative to the current rather expensive, high maintenance, weather sensitive, Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) or Continuous Emission Rate Monitoring Systems (CERMS) for stationary power sources. This is particularly relevant for smaller sources (<10 MW), as well as sites in remote areas and sites subject to extreme ambient conditions. This paper describes the development of a predictive NOx monitoring system for industrial gas turbines. This type of system is currently being used as an alternative to in-stack CEMS or CERMS. This Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) utilizes a time-tested, proven mathematical model for NOx to verify the accuracy of a proven performance/emissions computer program which predicts NOx emissions from gas turbines based on measured ambient and turbine control parameters. The technical background of this predictive NOx monitoring system and relevant experience are reviewed. The system design, including input and output, is described. A comparison of some technical issues between this predictive monitoring system and an actual typical in-stack NOx emission monitoring systems is also presented. A manual verification of the principle of this predictive system is reported.
Introduction (2021)

The idea for this book came about when we met in Milan in 2018 and, over a Milanese Veal Cutlet and a glass of red wine, we were discussing the phenomenon of platform work – then in its infancy, but which would soon explode throughout Europe – and the legal status and protections platform workers should be granted. At the time, it seemed that platform work was confined to marginal sectors of the labour market (the riders in the food delivery sector and the drivers of taxi-hailing services) and involved a small portion of the national labour markets. However, it quickly spread to many other forms of work (from baby-sitting and dog-sitting to doing small household chores, to cleaning services, shopping services and grocery delivery, to name just a few), gradually involving – partially due to the pandemic – an increasing number of workers.
Constituents of the Roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. IV. Isolation and Structure Determination of Boeravinones D, E, and F. (1991)

Three new rotenoids designated as boeravinones D, E, and F have been isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and their structures were determined based on spectral and chemical evidence.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Nickel Sulfide Films and Preliminary Assessment of Their Performance as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts (2016)

Transition metal sulfides show great promise for applications ranging from catalysis to electrocatalysis to photovoltaics due to their high stability and conductivity. Nickel sulfide, particularly known for its ability to electrochemically reduce protons to hydrogen gas nearly as efficiently as expensive noble metals, can be challenging to produce with certain surface site compositions or morphologies, e.g., conformal thin films. To this end, we employed atomic layer deposition (ALD), a preeminent method to fabricate uniform and conformal films, to construct thin films of nickel sulfide (NiS<sub>x</sub>) using bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)nickel(II) (Ni(amd)<sub>2</sub>) vapor and hydrogen sulfide gas. Effects of experimental conditions such as pulse and purge times and temperature on the growth of NiS<sub>x</sub> were investigated. These revealed a wide temperature range, 125-225 °C, over which self-limiting NiS<sub>x</sub> growth can be observed. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies revealed conventional linear growth behavior for NiS<sub>x</sub> films, with a growth rate of 9.3 ng/cm<sup>2</sup> per cycle being obtained. The ALD-synthesized films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. To assess the electrocatalyitic activity of NiS<sub>x</sub> for evolution of molecular hydrogen, films were grown on conductive-glass supports. Overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> were recorded in both acidic and pH 7 phosphate buffer aqueous reaction media and found to be 440 and 576 mV, respectively, with very low NiS<sub>x</sub> loading. These results hint at the promise of ALD-grown NiS<sub>x</sub> materials as water-compatible electrocatalysts.
Combination prevention for COVID-19 (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced the fear and disorder inevitably provoked by emerging pathogens. As such, it should also inspire consideration of our experience with HIV over the past 40 years. As with HIV, the road to reducing infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19), and attendant morbidity and mortality, requires medical and nonmedical strategies. The most important lesson learned from tackling HIV is to use a combination of prevention strategies.
Study on Online Detection and Fault Diagnosis of Band Saw Equipment (2014)

Due to the size and material changes and the hard impurities of the cutting workpieces in the band sawing process, the load of the band saw blades changes greatly so as to easily break the blades. The load of the band saw blades in the cutting process is unbalanced so as to easily produce the deviation of the saw blade’s cutting path, even seriously affect the accuracy of the sawing. On the occasion of the heavy cutting to some materials, the artificial cutting is time consuming and laborious, and the efficiency is low. So there is an urgent need to develop the automatic weighing and measuring device for the band sawing machine. At the same time, the CNC technology is widely used in the high-level band saw machine. So the online detection technology of the band saw equipment is an important foundation for the solution of the above problems and the application of the numerical control technology [1-4]. Aiming at the lower automation, accuracy and efficiency of the domestic band sawing machine, this paper studies the real-time detection technology based on the sawing load, and the control system of the constant power sawing. The real-time detection technology based on the micro-deviation of the band saw’s trajectory and the deviation-correction control system are studied. The weight-detection technology based on the scan reconstruction of the surface profile size and the control system of the fixed weight are researched. That can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the band sawing machine and provide the foundation for the realization of the digital control of the band sawing machine. The fault diagnosis for the band sawing machine at home supplies usually the alarm information and the alarm lamp output when the proximity switch or contact switch collects the information over the designated station [5]. The fairly advanced band sawing machine has the HMI display to supply the alarm information. Those are low in the automatic diagnosis. The high-level CNC band sawing machine has the complex structure, and influenced by many factors. If the failure in the processing state can be not timely and accurately diagnosed, the machine will not be able to protect the manufacturing quality and accuracy. It will cause the waste to increase, the productivity to decline, or even result in a significant loss of the machine scrap. That urgently needs to introduce the dynamic monitoring and control with the intelligent diagnostic technology. The abnormal recognition and intelligent maintenance On li V rsi on O nly .
Teaching computer science without a computer (1997)

"The Computer in Action" is a role-playing activity developed by the Computer Science Outreach program at Purdue University, in which students process instructions and data in the same way that a real computer does. Students play the roles of Keyboarder, Bus Driver, CPU (The Brains), Math Wizard, Memory Manager, Print Manager, Screen Writer and User, carrying cards with instructions, values and messages to and from the Input, Processing and Output stations. The activity is designed for students in Kindergarten through Grade 3.
Tracking people in 3D using a bottom-up top-down detector (2011)

People detection and tracking is a key component for robots and autonomous vehicles in human environments. While prior work mainly employed image or 2D range data for this task, in this paper, we address the problem using 3D range data. In our approach, a top-down classifier selects hypotheses from a bottom-up detector, both based on sets of boosted features. The bottom-up detector learns a layered person model from a bank of specialized classifiers for different height levels of people that collectively vote into a continuous space. Modes in this space represent detection candidates that each postulate a segmentation hypothesis of the data. In the top-down step, the candidates are classified using features that are computed in voxels of a boosted volume tessellation. We learn the optimal volume tessellation as it enables the method to stably deal with sparsely sampled and articulated objects. We then combine the detector with tracking in 3D for which we take a multi-target multi-hypothesis tracking approach. The method neither needs a ground plane assumption nor relies on background learning. The results from experiments in populated urban environments demonstrate 3D tracking and highly robust people detection up to 20 m with equal error rates of at least 93%.
A Review of Missing Sensor Data Imputation Methods (2019)

Missing sensor data is inevitable to occur because of many reasons such as communication failure, hardware damage and run out of power. This missing sensor values can lead to several data analysis problems if it not handled properly. Missing data imputation can solve this issue. Imputation is the process of filling missing values with estimated values. Missing sensor data imputation methods have unique properties such as the pattern of missingness and various approaches to handle it. This paper survey several methods of missing sensor data imputation from various approaches. Then, advantages and drawbacks of these methods are observed to give a more detail view of the methods. Finally, trend and state of the art of the research in the field of missing sensor data imputation investigated to give direction for future research in this field.
Characterizing Web Censorship Worldwide (2015)

In this study, we take another look at 5 years of web censorship data gathered by the OpenNet Initiative in 77 countries using user-based testing with locally relevant content. Prior to our work, this data had been analyzed with little automation, focusing on what content had been blocked, rather than how blocking was carried out. In this study, we use more rigorous automation to obtain a longitudinal, global view of the technical means used for web censorship. We also identify blocking that had been missed in prior analyses. Our results point to considerable variability in the technologies used for web censorship, across countries, time, and types of content, and even across ISPs in the same country. In addition to characterizing web censorship in countries that, thus far, have eluded technical analysis, we also discuss the implications of our observations on the design of future network measurement platforms and circumvention technologies.
A Water-Soluble Xe@cryptophane-111 Complex Exhibits Very High Thermodynamic Stability and a Peculiar <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR Chemical Shift (2010)

The known xenon-binding (±)-cryptophane-111 (1) has been functionalized with six [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(II)](+) ([Cp*Ru](+)) moieties to give, in 89% yield, the first water-soluble cryptophane-111 derivative, namely [(Cp*Ru)(6)1]Cl(6) ([2]Cl(6)). [2]Cl(6) exhibits a very high affinity for xenon in water, with a binding constant of 2.9(2) × 10(4) M(-1) as measured by hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift of the aqueous Xe@[2](6+) species (308 ppm) resonates over 275 ppm downfield of the parent Xe@1 species in (CDCl(2))(2) and greatly broadens the practical (129)Xe NMR chemical shift range made available by xenon-binding molecular hosts. Single crystal structures of [2][CF(3)SO(3)](6)·xsolvent and 0.75H(2)O@1·2CHCl(3) reveal the ability of the cryptophane-111 core to adapt its conformation to guests.
Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey on Environmental Monitoring (2011)

Traditionally, environmental monitoring is achieved by a small number of expensive and high precision sensing unities. Collected data are retrieved directly from the equipment at the end of the experiment and after the unit is recovered. The implementation of a wireless sensor network provides an alternative solution by deploying a larger number of disposable sensor nodes. Nodes are equipped with sensors with less precision, however, the network as a whole provides better spatial resolution of the area and the users can have access to the data immediately. This paper surveys a comprehensive review of the available solutions to support wireless sensor network environmental monitoring applications.