gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role and importance of biochemical markers in clinical cardiology (2004)

This paper reviews the current contribution of the biochemical marker determination to clinical cardiology and discusses some important developments in this field. Biochemical markers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as witnessed by the incorporation of cardiac troponins into new international guidelines for patients with ACS and in the re-definition of myocardial infarction. Despite the success of cardiac troponins, there is still a need for the development of early markers that can reliably rule out ACS from the emergency room at presentation and also detect myocardial ischaemia in the absence of irreversible myocyte injury. Under investigation are two classes of indicators: markers of early injury/ischaemia and markers of inflammation and coronary plaque instability and disruption. Finally, with the characterisation of the cardiac natriuretic peptides, Laboratory Medicine is also assuming a role in the assessment of cardiac function.
Identification of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding subunit of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I). (1988)

The mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (Complex I) is inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), and this inhibition correlates with incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]DCCD into a Complex I subunit of Mr 29,000 (Yagi, T. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 2822-2828). Resolution of [14C]DCCD-labeled Complex I in the presence of NaClO4 showed that the labeled Mr 29,000 subunit was in the hydrophobic fraction of the enzyme. This fraction, which contains greater than 17 unlike polypeptides, was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the Mr 29,000 subunit, containing bound [14C]DCCD, was isolated and purified. The amino acid composition and partial sequence of this subunit corresponded to those predicted from the mitochondrial DNA for the product of the mtDNA gene designated ND-1. The identity of the Mr 29,000 subunit with the ND-1 gene product was further confirmed by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments, using the hydrophobic fraction of [14C]DCCD-labeled Complex I and antiserum to a C-terminal undecapeptide synthesized on the basis of the human mitochondrial ND-1 nucleotide sequence. Thus, it appears that the DCCD-binding subunits of the respiratory chain Complexes I, III, and IV and in certain organisms the DCCD-binding subunit of the ATP synthase complex (Complex V) are all mtDNA products.
Multiplex PCR assay for the detection of mycobacterial DNA sequences directly from sputum. (1999)

Time consuming classical diagnostic tests and the increasing incidence of tuberculosis epidemics have rendered the need for new more sensitive diagnostic tools, urgent. This study explored the possibility of a direct and rapid method for the identification and characterization of pathogenic typical and atypical species of mycobacteria from sputum, based on a multiplex PCR assay. Gene bank search on the mycobacterial genome revealed specific sequences that fulfilled the above set criteria. Two pairs of primers were used to amplify a 243 bp fragment of the gene encoding the immunogenic protein MPB 64 and a 133 bp fragment of the gene encoding the 65-KDa mycobacterial antigen. The first pair of primers was selected among others, to detect specifically bacteria of the M. tuberculosis complex, whereas the second, to detect in addition to the latter, those of the M. avium-intracellular complex. Our mutiplex PCR assay, detected and identified correctly, all the mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium-intracellulare complex strains provided on pure culture as controls with a sensitivity of 10(-3) colony forming units. Furthermore, by performing our assay on 55 sputum samples from patients with positive culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, we identified mycobacterial DNA sequences in all--39 samples with M. tuberculosis complex and 16 with M. avium-intracellulare complex. Out of 300 sputum specimens from patients with clinical evidence of tuberculosis, 149 were positive by our method (95 M. tuberculosis and 54 M. avium-intracellulare complex) whereas 157 samples (95 M. tuberculosis complex, 59 M. avium-intracellulare complex, 1 M. xenopi, and 2 that could not be positively identified) were culture positive and only 95 Ziehl Neelsen positive. These findings suggest that the method described can be applied on sputum, and can identify in one step strains of the M. tuberculosis and M. avium-intracellulare complex and has effectivness comparable to culture methodologies.
Size Effect in Blunt Fracture: Concrete, Rock, Metal (1984)

The fracture front in concrete, as well as rock, is blunted by a zone of microcracking, and in ductile metals by a zone of yielding. This blunting causes deviations from the structural size effect known from linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The size effect is studied first for concrete or rock structures, using dimensional analysis and illustrative examples. Fracture is considered to be caused by propagation of a crack band that has a fixed width at its front relative to the aggregate size. The analysis rests on the hypothesis that the energy release caused by fracture depends on both the length and the area of the crack band. The size effect is shown to consist in a smooth transition from the strength criterion for small sizes to LEFM for large sizes, and the nominal stress σN at failure is found to decline as (1+λ/λ0)-1/2 in which λ0=constant and λ=relative structure size. This function is verified by Walsh's test data. If reinforcement is present at the fracture front and behaves elastically, the decline of σN is of the same type but is shifted to larger sizes; however, if the reinforcement yields, the decline of σN stops. It is also noted that some known size effects which have been attributed to random strength variations within the structure should be explained by fracture mechanics, which gives a very different extrapolation to large structures. Finally, exploiting the fact that in metals the size of the yielding zone at the fracture front is approximately constant, it is shown by dimensional analysis that elastic‐plastic fracture causes a similar size effect.
Randomized Trial of Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation for Chronic Stroke (2010)

Robot-assisted therapy (RT) and intensive comparison treatment, structured to match that of RT with regard to number of sessions, type, and intensity of movement, were superior to customary chronic poststroke care (usual care — UC) for the treatment of chronic stroke that affected the upper extremities. This article discusses the use of novel RT as a rehabilitation strategy to improve functionality and quality of life in patients =6 months poststroke.
Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroolefins in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in water under neutral conditions (2008)

Various indolyl nitroalkanes were prepared by the reaction of indoles with nitroolefins in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in water under neutral conditions. β-Cyclodextrin can be recovered and re-used several times without loss of activity.Key words: β-cyclodextrin, nitroolefins, indoles, neutral conditions, water.
CollMark: MPI Collective Communication Benchmark (2000)

The Message-Passing Interface Collective Communication Benchmark (CollMark) is designed to measure performance of common MPI collective communication operations. Rather than comparing the raw performance of such operations on the various platforms, it attempts to measure the quality of the implementation by the different vendors. This is accomplished by reporting the performance of the collective communication operation relative to the cost of a point-to-point communication. Our results show that for all architectures tested, there is plenty of room for improvement, for at least some of the operations. Preliminary results from Cray T3E-600, HP Exemplar X-Class, IBM SP-2, and Pentium clusters are presented. 1 Introduction Collective communication is at the heart of many parallel algorithms and applications. Indeed, parallel linear algebra libraries like our own Parallel Linear Algebra Package (PLAPACK) [13] perform virtually all communication in the collective operations discussed in t...
Genomic organization and transcription of the αβ heat shock DNA in Drosophila melanogaster (1981)

Previous studies have shown that (i) several RNAs induced by heat shock of Drosophila melanogaster cells are homologous to tandemly repeated alpha beta units found in cloned segments of D. melanogaster DNA, and (ii) the alpha beta sequences are present both at a major heat shock locus, 87Cl, and the chromocenter of polytene chromosomes (Lis, J.T., Prestidge, L. and Hogness, D.S. [1978] Cell 14, 901-919). We have used deficiencies that delete DNA from the 87C region to examine the arrangement of alpha beta sequences at this locus and in the centromeric heterochromatin that comprises the chromocenter, and also to determine the chromosomal location of the induced transcription. The tandemly repeated alpha beta units are restricted to the 87C locus. In contrast, the chromocentral alpha beta sequences do not form intact alpha beta units, and are dispersed at heterochromatic sites in some other form. Although only half of the alpha beta DNA is at the 87C locus, essentially all alpha beta transcripts (greater than 99.5%) are derived from this locus.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM TNF- A WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PRE-DIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (2021)

Background- First adipocyte derived biomarker is tumor necrosis factor alpha which connect the link between inflammation and diabetes. It expresses m-RNA which is contributing to the development of insulin resistance. However, the relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha, pre-diabetes and Type2diabetes mellitus is still contradictory and restricted. Material & Methods: This study was hospital based analytical cross-sectional study. Total 900 subjects were distributed into three groups (300 pre-diabetic subjects, 300 type 2 diabetic subjects and 300 healthy subjects) as per ADA criteria. The biochemical parameters as Fasting Blood Glucose, 2-hr glucose (after 75 gm oral glucose intake), HbA1c and fasting insulin were analyzed. HOMA-IR was used to calculate insulin resistance mathematically. Anthropometric measurements were done. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was done by ELISA method. Results: Tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in comparison to the control group at p value < 0.001 and showed a positive correlation with HOMA -IR. In conclusion, our findings suggested that systemic inflammation has an important role in the pathogenesis of pre diabetic condition. There is a progressive raises value of tumor necrosis factor alpha in pre diabetic and diabetic patients. Therefore, inflammation reflects the severity of the disease and signifies the presence of ongoing disease process.
Faecal D/L Lactate Ratio Is a Metabolic Signature of Microbiota Imbalance in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (2013)

Our objective was to understand the functional link between the composition of faecal microbiota and the clinical characteristics of adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Sixteen patients suffering from type II SBS were included in the study. They displayed a total oral intake of 2661±1005 Kcal/day with superior sugar absorption (83±12%) than protein (42±13%) or fat (39±26%). These patients displayed a marked dysbiosis in faecal microbiota, with a predominance of Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc group, while Clostridium and Bacteroides were under-represented. Each patient exhibited a diverse lactic acid bacteria composition (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. mucosae), displaying specific D and L-lactate production profiles in vitro. Of 16 patients, 9/16 (56%) accumulated lactates in their faecal samples, from 2 to 110 mM of D-lactate and from 2 to 80 mM of L-lactate. The presence of lactates in faeces (56% patients) was used to define the Lactate-accumulator group (LA), while absence of faecal lactates (44% patients) defines the Non lactate-accumulator group (NLA). The LA group had a lower plasma HCO3(-) concentration (17.1±2.8 mM) than the NLA group (22.8±4.6 mM), indicating that LA and NLA groups are clinically relevant sub-types. Two patients, belonging to the LA group and who particularly accumulated faecal D-lactate, were at risk of D-encephalopathic reactions. Furthermore, all patients of the NLA group and those accumulating preferentially L isoform in the LA group had never developed D-acidosis. The D/L faecal lactate ratio seems to be the most relevant index for a higher D-encephalopathy risk, rather than D- and L-lactate faecal concentrations per se. Testing criteria that take into account HCO3(-) value, total faecal lactate and the faecal D/L lactate ratio may become useful tools for identifying SBS patients at risk for D-encephalopathy.
A 2-port 6T SRAM bitcell design with multi-port capabilities at reduced area overhead (2010)

Low power, minimum transistor count and fast access static random access memory (SRAM) is essential for embedded multimedia and communication applications realized using system on a chip (SoC) technology. Hence, simultaneous or parallel read/write (R/W) access multi-port SRAM bitcells are widely employed in such embedded systems. In this paper, we present a 2-port 6T SRAM bitcell with multi-port capabilities and a reduced area overhead compared to existing 2-port 7-transistor (7T) and 8T SRAM bitcells. The proposed 2-port bitcell has six transistors (6T) and single-ended read and write bitlines (RBL/WBL). We compare the stability, simultaneous read/write disturbance, SNM sensitivity and misread current from the read bitline with the 7T and 8T bitcells. The static noise margin (SNM) of the 6T bitcells around the write disturbed bitcell is 53% to 61% higher than that of the 7T bitcell. The average active power dissipation under the different read/write operations of the 6T bitcells is 28% lower than the 8T and equal to 7T bitcell. Hence, the proposed 2-port 6T-SRAM is a potential candidate in terms of process variability, stability, area, and power dissipation.
Dominant effect of near-interface native point defects on ZnO Schottky barriers (2007)

The authors used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements to probe metal-ZnO diodes as a function of native defect concentration, oxygen plasma processing, and metallization. The results show that resident native defects in ZnO single crystals and native defects created by the metallization process dominate metal-ZnO Schottky barrier heights and ideality factors. Results for ZnO(0001¯) faces processed with room temperature remote oxygen plasmas to remove surface adsorbates and reduce subsurface native defects demonstrate the pivotal importance of crystal growth quality and metal-ZnO reactivity in forming near-interface states that control Schottky barrier properties.
Multiple stage mass spectrometry: the next generation tandem mass spectrometry experiment (1994)

Tandem mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for basic and applied mass spectrometry studies. Mass spectrometers based on ion trapping techniques, such as the quadrupole ion trap, have some unique capabilities as tandem mass spectrometers. Of particular note are the high MS–MS efficiency, the ability to perform multiple stages of tandem spectrometry (MSn), and the ability to effect ion–molecule reactions as part of the experimental sequence. This paper discusses the MSn experiment in a quadrupole ion trap and provides several examples of MSn experiments in which ion–molecule reactions are incorporated as one or more steps in the experiment. Examples include one in which MSn is used to determine the structure of an ion–molecule reaction product, one that involves multiple stages of collision-induced dissociation to generate a 13C containing reactant ion for an isotopic study, and one in which ion–molecule reactions are used to differentiate isomeric ion structures.
Dynamic changes of FasL protein expression in retinal tissue with aging in retinal degeneration mice (2017)

Background
Retinal transplantation is a new approach to the treatment of retinal degeneration diseases, and how to avoid or reduce the immune rejection after transplantation is a problem.In experimental studies on retinal transplantation, C57BL/6 mice are often used as donors and rd mice serve as recipients.Studies showed that Fas ligand (FasL) protein induces the apoptosis of Fas+ inflammatory cells by FasL/Fas signal pathway, speculating that FasL protein is associated with immune rejection after transplantation.


Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate FasL protein expression change in retinas of C57BL/6 mice and rd mice with aging and reveal the immune characteristics of the mouse retinas.


Methods
The frozen sections of eyeball from C57BL/6 mice and rd mice at the age of postnatal (PN)-0 week, PN-1 week, PN-2 week, PN-3 week and PN-4 week were prepared.The expression of FasL protein in the mouse retinas was examined by immnofluorescense technique.Images were acquired by fluorescence microscope and analyzed semi-quantitively by software from laser scanning confocal microscope as the fluorescence intensity (FI). The


results
were compared among different strains of mice. Results The retina developed imperfectly in PN-1 week C57BL/6 mice and FasL protein was positively expressed in the whole retina.In PN-2, 3 and 4 week C57BL/6 mice, retinas finished the development with 10 layers, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner segment (IS), outer limiting membrane (OLM), outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Retinal structure and expression of FasL protein in the whole retina of rd mice in the PN-1 week were similar with C57BL/6 mice, however, ONL cells of rd mice were evidently decreased with aging.The RPE, OPL, INL, IPL and GCL expressed the FasL protein in PN-2, PN-3 and PN-4 week rd mice.The mean FI of FasL protein in the RPE layer was 184.199±16.747, 186.797±7.904 and 184.319±18.795 in rd mice of PN-2 week, PN-3 week and PN-4 week, which were significantly higher than 160.402±22.851, 160.995±22.799 and 105.787±17.676 in C57BL/6 mice (t=-3.360, P=0.002; t'=-4.277, P=0.000; t=-12.175, P=0.000). There were not significant differences in the mean FI of FasL protein in IPL between C57BL/6 mice and rd mice at ages of PN-2 week, PN-3 week and PN-4 week (all at P>0.05).


Conclusions
The cells of retinal ONL are gradually decreased with the development of rd mice, and FasL protein expression intensity in RPE is evidently enhanced in rd mice compared with C57BL/6 mice.


Key words: 
Fas ligand protein; Retina/immunology; Pigment epithelium of eye/immunology; Apoptosis; Immune privilege; Retinitis pigmentosa; Mice, inbred, C57BL; rd mice
Investigation of the Changes in Electronic Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) Due to UV/Ozone Treatment (2017)

Drastic reduction in nickel oxide (NiO<sub>x</sub>) film resistivity and ionization potential is observed when subjected to ultraviolet (UV)/ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) treatment. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy suggests that UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment changes the film stoichiometry by introducing Ni vacancy defects. Oxygen-rich NiO<sub>x</sub> having Ni vacancy defects behaves as a p-type semiconductor. Therefore, in this work, a simple and effective technique to introduce doping in NiO<sub>x</sub> is shown. Angle-resolved XPS reveals that the effect of UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment does not only alter the film surface property but also introduces oxygen-rich stoichiometry throughout the depth of the film. Finally, simple metal/interlayer/semiconductor (MIS) contacts are fabricated on p-type Si using NiO<sub>x</sub> as the interlayer and different metals. Significant barrier height reduction is observed with respect to the control sample following UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment, which is in agreement with the observed reduction in film resistivity. From an energy band diagram point of view, the introduction of the UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment changes the defect state distribution, resulting in a change in the pinning of the Fermi level. Therefore, this work also shows that the Fermi level pinning property of NiO<sub>x</sub> can be controlled using UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment.
Pyramidal Gradient Matching for Optical Flow Estimation (2017)

Initializing optical flow field by either sparse descriptor matching or dense patch matches has been proved to be particularly useful for capturing large displacements. In this paper, we present a pyramidal gradient matching approach that can provide dense matches for highly accurate and efficient optical flow estimation. A novel contribution of our method is that image gradient is used to describe image patches and proved to be able to produce robust matching. Therefore, our method is more efficient than methods that adopt special features (like SIFT) or patch distance metric. Moreover, we find that image gradient is scalable for optical flow estimation, which means we can use different levels of gradient feature (for example, full gradients or only direction information of gradients) to obtain different complexity without dramatic changes in accuracy. Another contribution is that we uncover the secrets of limited PatchMatch through a thorough analysis and design a pyramidal matching framework based these secrets. Our pyramidal matching framework is aimed at robust gradient matching and effective to grow inliers and reject outliers. In this framework, we present some special enhancements for outlier filtering in gradient matching. By initializing EpicFlow with our matches, experimental results show that our method is efficient and robust (ranking 1st on both clean pass and final pass of MPI Sintel dataset among published methods).
Collaborating with Industry to Improve Undergraduate Real Estate Education: Recommendations to Enhance Guest Speaking Activities (2021)

Previous academic research established that the integration of industry member guest speakers within the collegiate classroom may improve student learning and achievement. However, very little research has been conducted with specific regard to real estate collegiate degree programs. Using a qualitative semi-structured interview approach and constructivism educational learning theory, we interviewed students majoring in a collegiate real estate degree program and real estate industry members who exhibited a history of past participation in real estate education. Our results generated six major themes: 1) desired timeliness of examples, 2) feedback differs among academics and industry members, 3) the importance of class sizes for industry members and students, 4) diversity remains an important classroom issue, 5) industry member interaction has its limits, and 6) student misperceptions of industry member involvement. With these findings, we provided six recommendations to enhance real estate guest speaking activities and to better equip real estate educators in the classroom. Evidence suggests that improving the quality of guest speaker events may advance student learning and their motivation to pursue real estate careers.