gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low resistance Pd/Au ohmic contacts to p-type GaN using surface treatment (1998)

Ohmic contact to p-type GaN with the lowest contact resistivity was developed by the surface treatment prior to Pd/Au metal deposition. The contact resistivity drastically decreased from 2.9×10−2 to 4.3×10−4 Ω cm2 by the surface treatment using aqua regia. The surface treatment plays a role in removing the surface oxide formed on p-type GaN during epitaxial growth, and subsequently in reducing the barrier height for holes at the interface of Pd/p-type GaN, resulting in the good ohmic contacts to p-type GaN.
Next Generation Video Coding for Spherical Content (2018)

Recently, the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) issued a Call for Proposals (CFP) for video compression technology that is expected to be successor to HEVC. In this paper, we present some of the technology from our joint response in the 360° video category of CFP. Goal was to keep design as simple as possible, with picture level preprocessing and without 360 specific coding tools. The response is based on a relatively new projection called Rotated Sphere Projection (RSP). RSP splits and surrounds the sphere using two faces that are cropped from Equirectangular Projection (ERP), in the same way as two flat pieces of rubber are stitched to form a tennis ball. This approach allows RSP to get closer to the sphere than Cube Map, achieving more continuity while preserving 3:2 aspect ratio. Our results show an average BDrate Luma coding gain of 10.5% compared to ERP using HEVC.
Overexpression of a Monocot Acyl‐CoA‐Binding Protein Confers Broad‐Spectrum Pathogen Protection in a Dicot (2019)

Plants are continuously infected by various pathogens throughout their lifecycle. Previous studies have reported that the expression of Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) such as the Arabidopsis ACBP3 and rice ACBP5 were induced by pathogen infection. Transgenic Arabidopsis AtACBP3-overexpressors (AtACBP3-OEs) displayed enhanced protection against the bacterial biotroph, Pseudomonas syringae, although they became susceptible to the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. A Class III ACBP from a monocot, rice (Oryza sativa) OsACBP5 was overexpressed in the dicot Arabidopsis. The resultant transgenic Arabidopsis lines conferred resistance not only to the bacterial biotroph P. syringae but to fungal necrotrophs (Rhizoctonia solani, B. cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola) and a hemibiotroph (Colletotrichum siamense). Changes in protein expression in R. solani-infected Arabidopsis OsACBP5-overexpressors (OsACBP5-OEs) were demonstrated using proteomic analysis. Biotic stress-related proteins including cell wall-related proteins such as FASCILIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEIN10, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN-LIKE PROTEINS, XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE PROTEIN4, and PECTINESTERASE INHIBITOR18; proteins associated with glucosinolate degradation including GDSL-LIKE LIPASE23, EPITHIOSPECIFIER MODIFIER1, MYROSINASE1, MYROSINASE2, and NITRILASE1; as well as a protein involved in jasmonate biosynthesis, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE2, were induced in OsACBP5-OEs upon R. solani infection. These results indicated that upregulation of these proteins in OsACBP5-OEs conferred protection against various plant pathogens.
<title>Optimization of the design of a multiple-photon excitation laser scanning fluorescence imaging system</title> (1997)

Multi-photon (two or more photon) excitation imaging offers three significant advantages compared to laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy for 3-D and 4-D fluorescence microscopy: considerable reduction in total sample excitation, increased depth penetration, and increased detection sensitivity. All-solid-state ultra-fast lasers offer tremendous potential for affordable, reliable, 'turn-key' multi-photon excitation sources. We have been developing a multi-photon system that utilizes an all-solid- state Nd:YLF excitation source. We have been evaluating the potential of this source for biological microscopy and have been optimizing system parameters for this application area. We have found that the 1047 nm radiation from these lasers can excite by two-photon fluorescence many commonly used fluorophores that are normally excited from blue to yellow light. In addition, we have found that this wavelength readily excites several normally UV excited fluorophores by the mechanism of three-photon excitation. The Nd:YLF laser has proven reliable in operation with nearly 6000 hours logged without significant loss of power. However, the original system produced rather long pulses for multi-photon excitation (300 fs) and a beam shape that was not ideal. We have recently commissioned the development of an improved pulse compressor from the manufacturers that gives narrower pulses (120 fs), improved beam shape, and a smaller insertion loss. This optimized excitation system has 6 times more potential two-photon excited fluorescence and 22 times more potential three-photon excited fluorescence than the prototype system. In addition, by optimizing coatings in the excitation and signal paths, we have improved the descanned detection sensitivity by 20% for two-photon excited fluorescence and 315% for three-photon excited fluorescence. The excitation optical transfer efficiency (1047 nm) of our imaging system is currently 60% to the back aperture of the objective. The emission optical transfer efficiency (670 nm) is currently 47% for descanned detection and 83% for non- descanned detection; both from the objective back aperture. Surprisingly, we find there is a signal-to-background increase of a factor of 17 between descanned and non- descanned modes of detection using a Nile Red solution sample.
Serum ST2 level is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected patients. Aquitaine Cohort, France (2017)

International audience
The indenoisoquinoline noncamptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitors: update and perspectives (2009)

Because camptothecins are effective against previously resistant tumors and are the only class of topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors approved for cancer treatment, we developed the indenoisoquinolines. Like camptothecins, the indenoisoquinolines selectively trap Top1-DNA cleavage complexes and have been cocrystallized with the Top1-DNA cleavage complexes. Indenoisoquinolines show antitumor activity in animal models. They have several advantages over the camptothecins: (a) They are synthetic and chemically stable. (b) The Top1 cleavage sites trapped by the indenoisoquinolines have different genomic locations, implying differential targeting of cancer cell genomes. (c) The Top1 cleavage complexes trapped by indenoisoquinolines are more stable, indicative of prolonged drug action. (d) They are seldom or not used as substrates for the multidrug resistance efflux pumps (ABCG2 and MDR-1). Among the >400 indenoisoquinolines synthesized and evaluated, three have been retained as leads for clinical development by the National Cancer Institute: NSC 706744, NSC 725776 (Indimitecan), and NSC 724998 (Indotecan). The trapping of Top1 cleavage complexes by indenoisoquinolines in cells results in the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). We discuss the use of γ-H2AX as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for the clinical development of the indenoisoquinolines.
Roles of CLOCK Phosphorylation in Suppression of E-Box-Dependent Transcription (2009)

In mammalian circadian clockwork, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates E-box-dependent transcription, while its activity is suppressed by circadian binding with negative regulators, such as CRYs. Here, we found that the CLOCK protein is kept mostly in the phosphorylated form throughout the day and is partly hyperphosphorylated in the suppression phase of E-box-dependent transcription in the mouse liver and NIH 3T3 cells. Coexpression of CRY2 in NIH 3T3 cells inhibited the phosphorylation of CLOCK, whereas CIPC coexpression markedly stimulated phosphorylation, indicating that CLOCK phosphorylation is regulated by a combination of the negative regulators in the suppression phase. CLOCK-BMAL1 purified from the mouse liver was subjected to tandem mass spectrometry analysis, which identified Ser38, Ser42, and Ser427 as in vivo phosphorylation sites of CLOCK. Ser38Asp and Ser42Asp mutations of CLOCK additively and markedly weakened the transactivation activity of CLOCK-BMAL1, with downregulation of the nuclear amount of CLOCK and the DNA-binding activity. On the other hand, CLOCK Delta 19, lacking the CIPC-binding domain, was far less phosphorylated and much more stabilized than wild-type CLOCK in vivo. Calyculin A treatment of cultured NIH 3T3 cells promoted CLOCK phosphorylation and facilitated its proteasomal degradation. Together, these results show that CLOCK phosphorylation contributes to the suppression of CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transactivation through dual regulation: inhibition of CLOCK activity and promotion of its degradation.
Endoxifen, a New Treatment Option for Mania: A Double‐Blind, Active‐Controlled Trial Demonstrates the Antimanic Efficacy of Endoxifen (2016)

The protein kinase C (PKC) signaling system plays a role in mood disorders and PKC inhibitors such as endoxifen may be an innovative medicine for bipolar disorder (BP) patients. In this study we show for the first time the antimanic properties of endoxifen in patients with bipolar I disorder (BPD I) with current manic or mixed episode. In a double-blind, active-controlled study, 84 subjects with BPD I were randomly assigned to receive endoxifen (4 mg/day or 8 mg/day) or divalproex in a 2:1 ratio. Patients orally administered 4 mg/day or 8 mg/day endoxifen showed significant improvement in mania assessed by the Young Mania Rating Scale as early as 4 days. The effect remained significant throughout the 21-day period. At study end point, response rates were 44.44% and 64.29% at 4 mg/day and 8 mg/day of endoxifen treatment, respectively. Thus, endoxifen has been shown as a promising novel antimanic or mood stabilizing agent.
Discovery and Characterization of a Peptoid with Antifungal Activity against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2016)

Studies show there is an increasing rate of fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients and treatments for fungal genera, such as <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Candida</i>, and <i>Cryptococcus</i>, carry significant cytotoxicity with an increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance. We have previously reported a high-throughput assay for identifying peptoids with antimicrobial properties from combinatorial libraries. Here we report the application of this assay in identifying a peptoid with antifungal properties against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>. Termed AEC5, this peptoid has comparable potency to existing clinical antifungal agents, excellent stability, and minimal cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.
Effect and Progress of the Amorphization Process for Microscale Silicon Particles under Partial Lithiation as Active Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2022)

Microscale silicon particles in lithium-ion battery anodes undergo large volume changes during (de)lithiation, resulting in particle pulverization and surface area increase concomitant with a continuous growth of the solid-electrolyte-interphase. One approach to overcome these phenomena is to operate the silicon anode under capacity-limited conditions (i.e., with partial capacity utilization). Since crystalline silicon is irreversibly transformed into amorphous phases upon lithiation, the purpose of the partial capacity utilization is to maintain a crystalline phase and thus prevent particle disintegration. Here, we investigate the amorphization process of micro-sized silicon particles in a silicon-rich anode (70 wt% silicon) over extended charge/discharge cycling in half-cells with a lithium reference electrode, varying the lower cutoff potential of the Si electrode. While the capacity of Si electrodes after formation remain constant for lithiation cutoffs of ≥170 mV vs Li + /Li, their capacity continuously increases over cycling for cutoffs of <170 mV vs Li + /Li, implying an ongoing amorphization of the crystalline phase. To quantify the ratio of the amorphous phase fraction over cycling, we employed an in-situ XRD method, utilizing the copper reflex of the current collector as internal standard. This allowed to determine the extent of amorphization over the course of cycling depending on the lithiation potentials.
Video-Quality Planning Model for Videophone Services (2009)

Videophone services over IP (Internet protocol) will become key services in the next-generation network (NGN). To provide a high-quality service for users, designing and managing the quality of experience (QoE) appropriately is extremely important. To do this, developing an objective quality assessment method that estimates subjective quality by using quality parameters of the videophone system is desirable. We propose a parametric-planning model for assessing video quality affected by coding and packet loss. The results indicated quality estimation accuracy was sufficient for practical use because the estimation errors of our model were equivalent to the statistical reliability of subjective assessment. Therefore, our model could be applied to effective design of video quality for videophone applications and networks. As an example of using our model, we show video-quality planning of videophone services.
Scheduler Design for Heterogeneous Traffic in Cellular Networks with Multiple Channels (2007)

The design of an efficient base station scheduler with the ability to support different kinds of IP traffic, ranging from conventional data to real-time IP services plays a crucial role in the all-IP convergence goal of next-generation cellular systems. In this context, we first consider the basic n
Effect of Stabilizer in Reducing Effects of Axial Runout on a Flexible Optical Disk (2004)

We have been studying a new optical disk system constructed from a flexible disk and stabilizer. The feature of the system is the extremely small axial runout that is reduced by the aerodynamic effect of the stabilizer. We experimentally demonstrated that the system had the capability of achieving an axial runout of less than 5 µm across a radial region from 35 to 55 mm at a linear velocity of 13 m/s.
Context transfer in search advertising (2009)

We define and study the process of context transfer in search advertising, which is the transition of a user from the context of Web search to the context of the landing page that follows an ad-click. We conclude that in the vast majority of cases, the user is shown one of three types of pages, which can be accurately distinguished using automatic text classification.
Tunable piezoelectric MEMS resonators for real-time clock (2011)

This paper reports on the design, simulation and characterization of small form factor, tunable piezoelectric MEMS resonators for real time clock applications (32.768 kHz). The structures were fabricated on a thin-film AlN-on-SOI substrate to enable piezoelectric actuation of an out-of-plane flexural mode, as well as electrostatic frequency tuning by utilizing the handle layer as a DC voltage electrode. Resonators of only a few hundred of μm in size exhibit greater than 3100 ppm of tuning using voltages no larger than 4 V; this tuning sufficiently compensates for frequency variations across temperature from -25 to 100°C. The devices exhibit low motional impedance that is completely independent of the tuning potential.
Iterated geometric harmonics for data imputation and reconstruction of missing data (2014)

The method of geometric harmonics is adapted to the situation of incomplete data by means of the iterated geometric harmonics (IGH) scheme. The method is tested on natural and synthetic data sets with 50--500 data points and dimensionality of 400--10,000. Experiments suggest that the algorithm converges to a near optimal solution within 4--6 iterations, at runtimes of less than 30 minutes on a medium-grade desktop computer. The imputation of missing data values is applied to collections of damaged images (suffering from data annihilation rates of up to 70\%) which are reconstructed with a surprising degree of accuracy.
Uplink Performance of Enhanced Licensed Assisted Access (eLAA) in Unlicensed Spectrum (2017)

Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) is a new feature for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system to operate in the unlicensed spectrum. LAA utilizes the carrier aggregation technology to aggregate both licensed and unlicensed carriers in order to opportunistically boost user throughput, while maintaining seamless mobility, quality of service and good indoor and outdoor coverage. In order to coexist with other technologies in the unlicensed bands, several new coexistence functionalities for LAA LTE have been introduced, including long term channel selection, short-term channel sensing based on listen-before-talk (LBT), and discontinuous transmission on a carrier with limited maximum transmission duration. LAA will be supported for both Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) transmissions. This paper presents a detailed overview of the design challenges for UL LAA access on unlicensed bands due to the scheduling aspects of LTE. We present solutions to address grant and scheduling request (SR) overhead and delays. We also discuss possible UL LBT options to increase the performance and the flexibility of scheduled LTE when operating on unlicensed bands. A range of simulations show fair coexistence between LAA and Wi-Fi. Furthermore, this paper sheds lights on possible future enhancement for UL LAA using unscheduled UL transmission.
Contorted mirror reduction of projected image distortion (1985)

An analysis is made of the degree to which a simple contorted mirror can reduce distortion in a projected image. Although it is impossible in general to remove the distortion completely by this means, significant reduction may be achieved. Equations are derived for the shape of a mirror which will give the maximum reduction possible. Equations are also developed for how to stress a planar mirror to create the desired optimal shape. Image blurring is estimated. An example is presented in which this technique is used to reduce the distortion which results when a projection lens appropriate for projection onto a flat screen is used instead to project onto a spherical surface from an oblique angle.
3D Cell Nuclear Morphology: Microscopy Imaging Dataset and Voxel-Based Morphometry Classification Results (2017)

Abstract Cell deformation is regulated by complex underlying biological mechanisms associated with spatial and temporal morphological changes in the nucleus that are related to cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and disease. Thus, quantitative analysis of changes in size and shape of nuclear structures in 3D microscopic images is important not only for investigating nuclear organization, but also for detecting and treating pathological conditions such as cancer. While many efforts have been made to develop cell and nuclear shape characteristics in 2D or pseudo-3D, several studies have suggested that 3D morphometric measures provide better results for nuclear shape description and discrimination. A few methods have been proposed to classify cell and nuclear morphological phenotypes in 3D, however, there is a lack of publicly available 3D data for the evaluation and comparison of such algorithms. This limitation becomes of great importance when the ability to evaluate different approaches on benchmark data is needed for better dissemination of the current state of the art methods for bioimage analysis. To address this problem, we present a dataset containing two different cell collections, including original 3D microscopic images of cell nuclei and nucleoli. In addition, we perform a baseline evaluation of a number of popular classification algorithms using 2D and 3D voxel-based morphometric measures. To account for batch effects, while enabling calculations of AUROC and AUPR performance metrics, we propose a specific cross-validation scheme that we compare with commonly used k-fold cross-validation. Original and derived imaging data are made publicly available on the project web-page: http://www.socr.umich.edu/projects/3d-cell-morphometry/data.html .
Capacity scaling of wireless device-to-device caching networks under the physical model (2017)

We study the capacity scaling law of a device-to-device (D2D) caching network where n nodes are placed on a regular grid of area n. Each node caches some (coded) bits from a content library and requests a file from the library independently according to the Zipf popularity distribution. We propose a cache-induced hierarchical cooperation scheme which achieves the optimal capacity scaling law under a commonly used “physical model”. When the path loss exponent α <; 3, the capacity scaling law can be significantly better than the throughput scaling laws achieved by the existing state-of-the-art schemes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that completely characterizes the capacity scaling law for wireless caching networks under the physical model.
Digital valve for high pressure high flow applications (2016)

To address the challenges, which are involved with the development of flow control valves that can meet high demand requirements such as high pressure, high flow rate, limited power and limited space, the authors have conceived a novel design configuration. This design consists of a digitalized flow control valve with multipath and multistage pressure reduction structures. Specifically, the valve is configured as a set of parallel flow paths from the inlet to the outlet. A choke valve controls the total flow rate by digitally opening different paths or different combination of the paths. Each path is controlled by a poppet cap valve basically operated in on-off states. The number of flow states is 2<sup>N</sup> where N is the number of flow paths. To avoid erosion from sand in the fluid and high speed flow, the seal area of the poppet cap valve is located at a distance from the flow inlet away from the high speed flow and the speed is controlled to stay below a predefined erosion safe limit. The path is a multistage structure composed of a set of serial nozzles-expansion chambers that equally distribute the total pressure drop to each stage. The pressure drop of each stage and, therefore, the flow speed at the nozzles and expansion chambers is controlled by the number of stages. The paths have relatively small cross section and could be relatively long for large number of stages and still fit in a strict annular space limit. The paper will present the design configuration, analysis and preliminary test results.
Two high-oleic-acid soybean mutants, M23 and KK21, have disrupted microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, encoded by GmFAD2-1a (2008)

Elevating the oleic acid content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a major focus of breeding programs. Previously, we created two high-oleic-acid soybean mutants, M23 and KK21, by X-irradiation. We expected them to have modifications in genes encoding microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturase. The objectives of this study were to evaluate which members of the GmFAD2 gene family contribute to oleic acid production during seed maturation, to characterize the mutant genes, and to establish molecular markers for breeding of high-oleic-acid soybeans. Three GmFAD2 genes were expressed in developing seeds; the gene products of GmFAD2-1a and GmFAD2-1b were more active than that of GmFAD2-2a during seed development. We identified different nucleotide modifications in GmFAD2-1a in M23 and KK21. Using nuclease-cleaved DNA fragment-length polymorphisms, we developed a novel molecular marker to distinguish between KK21 mutant and wild-type alleles. This information could be useful for improving soybean oil quality by using the mutant genes from M23 or KK21, and for screening novel high-oleic-acid soybean mutants.