gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 77-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With On-Chip Antennas in Silicon: Receiver and Antennas (2006)

In this paper, we present the receiver and the on-chip antenna sections of a fully integrated 77-GHz four-element phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon. The receiver section of the chip includes the complete down-conversion path comprising low-noise amplifier (LNA), frequency synthesizer, phase rotators, combining amplifiers, and on-chip dipole antennas. The signal combining is performed using a novel distributed active combining amplifier at an IF of 26 GHz. In the LO path, the output of the 52-GHz VCO is routed to different elements and can be phase shifted locally by the phase rotators. A silicon lens on the backside is used to reduce the loss due to the surface-wave power of the silicon substrate. Our measurements show a single-element LNA gain of 23 dB and a noise figure of 6.0dB. Each of the four receive paths has a gain of 37 dB and a noise figure of 8.0 dB. Each on-chip antenna has a gain of +2 dBi
Spherical Aberration Detection in the Optical Pickups for High-Density Digital Versatile Discs (2001)

A new method of detecting the spherical aberration of a ray is described. In a high-density digital-versatile disc system achieved by means of a high-numerical-aperture objective lens system or a multilayer disc system, it is important to reduce the aberrations caused by substrate thickness error and layer distance, respectively. When rays with spherical aberration converge, the focus of the far-axis ray deviates from that of the near-axis ray, and gradually moves towards the optical axis. Based on this phenomenon, we demonstrated that spherical aberration can be detected by subtracting the focus-error signal of the far-axis ray from that of the near-axis ray. The resulting spherical aberration signal can be used in a phase-control device, such as an expander lens actuator or a liquid-crystal phase shifter, to produce a dynamic servo controller that can compensate for spherical aberration.
A New Polymer Processing Technology for Polymer Blends with Unmatched Viscosity: Solid-State Shear Pulverization (S<sup>3</sup>P) (2000)

Abstract Solid-State Shear Pulverization (S 3 P) is a new polymer processing technology capable of efficient mixing blends with different component viscosities (which are unprocessable by conventional melt extrusion due to the phase separation). S 3 P sub ects polymers to compression and shear, resulting in fracture into a powder of various particle size and particle size distribution. S 3 P also allows modification of properties by compatibilization of ordinarily incompatible polymers without adding premade copolymers or conventional functional groups. Additionally, because S 3 P produces powder, it is suitable for a solid-state dispersion of pigments, curing agents, catalysts and other additives without melting (unlike conventional compounding). After reviewing the S 3 P concept, this paper discusses recent experimental data. The research focuses on mixing like polymers such as virgin polypropylene (PP) with unmatched viscosity, resulting in blends with improved processability and a significant increase in elongation at break. A comparison with a conventional melt mixing by twin-screw extrusion is provided to demonstrate uniqueness of S 3 P processing. An additional example involves the mixing of dissimilar, ordinarily incompatible polymers such as recycled high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), PP, polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with very different viscosities. Once again, the S 3 P-made material exhibited exceptionally high elongation at break as compared with that of the conventionally melt-mixed blend.
Diagnostic accuracy of gray scale muscle ultrasound screening for pediatric neuromuscular disease (2021)

Quantitative gray scale muscle US still has good diagnostic value as a screening tool in pediatric NMD. As with any diagnostic test, muscle US is best used in conjunction with history and physical examination to increase specificity and diagnostic yield.
Complex Toe-to-Heel Flooding: A Completion Strategy to Increase Oil Recovery from Sandstone Formations (2017)

Abstract Because any increase in hydrocarbon recovery helps the petroleum industry respond to the ever-increasing demand for energy, increasing recovery from both conventional and unconventional reservoirs is the primary goal of developing new completion strategies. This paper introduces a new completion strategy, called Complex Toe-to- Heel Flooding (CTTHF), that increases oil recovery from sandstone formations. It then confirms the viability of CTTHF by using a commercial reservoir simulator to compare CTTHF to conventional waterflooding and Toe-to- Heel waterflooding. Finally, it presents several different methodologies for implementing CTTHF successfully, efficiently, and cheaply. CTTHF improves reservoir management and enables better oil recovery than do other methods. It begins with the injection of a highly viscous slug near the toe of a horizontal well to form an impermeable barrier. An appropriate plug is then set to separate the perforations used to inject the barrier from the rest of the well. Then, the entire horizontal section of the well is perforated and a suitable packer is set to separate the horizontal section into a flooding zone (the perforations immediately heel-side from the plug) and production zone. The flooding zone is then used to create an injector hydraulic fracture into which water is injected to flood oil towards the production zone. As the flood material to oil ratio increases, the packer can be moved heel-ward. The oil is produced from the annulus through dual tubing completion or by any other convenient method, and the flood material can be either liquid or gas, depending on the application. Though CTTHF is more complex than conventional strategies, it enables better recovery and can be implemented using a variety of completion techniques and technologies. Because the location of the packer can be changed, moreover, CTTHF minimizes the production of flood material. It is also compatible with dual tubing, coil tubing, and annulus production, and its design can be optimized using a variety of tubes, plugs, and packers.
Synthesis of low‐shrinkage polymerizable methacrylate liquid‐crystal monomers (2005)

Abstract As a part of the continuous pursuit to develop an ideal resinous dental restorative material for use in large posterior cavity restorations, this article reports the easy, high‐yield synthesis and the incredibly low polymerization shrinkage property of a new bifunctional liquid crystal (LC) monomer. This new polymerizable nematic liquid crystal is the next higher homolog of the acrylate monomer reported in a previous work. 1 It remains liquid crystalline between room and mouth temperatures and can be polymerized to isotropic polymer with the use of the same visible light inhibitor system as used with conventional monomers. The structure of this new monomer has been confirmed to be 2‐( t ‐butyl), 1,4‐bis‐[4‐(6‐methacryloxy‐hexan‐1‐oxy)‐benzoyloxy]‐benzene. Unlike the synthesis of its acrylate homolog, when the same procedure is adopted for the synthesis of this compound, the recovery of the product is not split by a sizable amount of the by‐product. Therefore, the reaction is cleaner, with high yield and a less labor‐intensive purification procedure. Thus, the synthetic methodology has the potential for easy commercial scale‐up. The monomer (V) polymerizes at room temperature with a shrinkage of about 2 vol %, as compared to > 8 vol % for conventional control (GTE), at similar degrees of conversion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Novel Tissue and Cell Type-specific Gene / Drug Delivery System Using Surface Engineered Hepatitis B Virus Nano-particles (2004)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) L particle is a hollow nano-scale particle. HBsAg L particles have many properties that make them useful for in vivo gene transfer vectors and drug delivery systems. Gene therapy so far has required the in vivo pinpoint delivery of genetic materials into the target organs and cells. Gene transfer by HBsAg L particles might be an attractive method, since their tropism is the same as that of HBV. The HBsAg L particles are able to deliver therapeutic payloads with high specificity to human hepatocytes. In addition, the specificity of L particle can be altered by displaying various cell-binding molecules on the surface. Our results indicate that the L particle is suitable for a cell- and tissue-specific gene/drug transfer vector. In this review, we discuss HBsAg L particles as a gene/drug transfer vector and its potential for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Abstract 3642: Structure enabled design of inhibitors of the mitotic kinase MPS1 (2015)

Abstract MPS1 (also known as TTK), is a dual-specificity protein kinase that is essential for the proper attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. MPS1 expression is elevated in a variety of human cancers and is correlated with higher histological grade, aggressiveness and poor patient survival. It has been also shown that basal, PTEN-deficient and triple negative breast cancers are sensitive to MPS1 inhibition. These data together provide strong support for selective antitumour action of MPS1 inhibitors in human cancers. Here we report the discovery of pyridopyrimidines as a new class of inhibitors of MPS1 exploring a hybridization approach. Rapid structure based optimisation of the initial hits led to highly potent, selective and ligand efficient compounds. We will discuss our initial design approach and the structural features that are critical for potent biochemical and cellular inhibition as derived from SAR and co-crystal structures. Furthermore, we will report pharmacokinetic and in vivo properties of selected compounds and comment on our strategy to optimise this series towards preclinical candidates. Citation Format: Paolo Innocenti, Hannah Woodward, Kwai_Ming J. Cheung, Sébastien Naud, Savade Solanki, Isaac M. Westwood, Amir Faisal, Angela Hayes, Jessica Schmitt, Ross Baker, Berry Matijssen, Rosemary Burke, Suzanne A. Eccles, Florence I. Raynaud, Spiros Linardopoulos, Julian Blagg, Rob L M van Montfort, Swen Hoelder. Structure enabled design of inhibitors of the mitotic kinase MPS1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3642. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3642
Self-healing dielectric liquids to enable self-repair in fluid filled power cables (2017)

Fluid filled cables (FFCs) are insulated with a layer consisting of tightly lapped insulation paper, impregnated with a low viscosity mineral oil. Although improvements in polymer insulation have led to many being replaced, roughly 8,500km of FFC circuits still remain as legacy circuits, typically in heavily urbanized areas where replacement is either prohibitively expensive or impossible. If the sheath of an FFC is breached, oil will leak from the insulation layer, representing a risk to both cable integrity and the surrounding environment. Within the UK 400,000L of insulation oil is lost annually[1], and the severity of the problem is expected to increase; many circuits are now operating substantially beyond their operational lifetime, and the increasing fragility of lead cable sheaths (through crystallization and embrittlement) is becoming a significant concern. Here, we present a potential solution through the replacement of the insulation oil with a self-healing fluid (SHF). In the event of a breach (be it on the sheath or within a plumb joint) the SHF will crosslink in the presence of oxygen present in the surrounding backfill, resulting in the formation of a solid mass that prevents further oil leakage. In cases where direct sheath healing cannot be achieved (with particularly large or rapid leaks) the SHF will subsequently cure within the backfill, resulting in the formation of an oil-proof barrier that can effectively contain the oil, thereby limiting further environmental pollution.
Broadband CARS - Instrumentation, Quantitation, and Application (2015)

Coherent Raman imaging methods have been under development for almost 15 years. The field is beginning to mature, transitioning from a “new techniques” phase to an applications phase, and it may now be safe to estimate the ultimate performance of these methods. I will discuss current and potential capabilities of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy using optimized excitation paradigms1, and provide a few examples of how broadband BCARS imaging has helped to answer (or raise) questions in investigations of tissues and small organisms. Exemplified below, we have recently used BCARS to solve a longstanding question in adhesion of marine invertibrates to submurged substrates2.
Prostate diffusion MRI with minimal echo time using eddy current nulled convex optimized diffusion encoding (2019)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1526-1539.
Digital Mold Texturing Methods, Materials, and Substrates (2008)

Commercialized methods, materials, and systems for texturing mold surfaces are presented.A first step involves generating a graphic file of a desired texture pattern. The graphics file is subsequently output to material deposition equipment such as an ink jet printer, which is configured to print using an acid-resistant UV-curable ink.The acid etch resist ink is formulated to provide optimal properties for ink jet printing, while also providing good adhesion to metal surface and excellent acid-etch resistance to various types of acids.The acid-etch resist ink is printed onto a sheet of coated film that allows the acid-etch resist to be transferred to a mold surface, after which the mold surface is etched in an acid bath.
Executive Summary "Acid and Alkali Unfolding and Refolding Strategies to Improve the Foaming Properties of Egg White Proteins" (2005)

Eggs and egg whites (albumen) are an important commodity in the US and are used in a variety of food products due to the versatile nature of the various proteins found in the albumen. Variable foaming performance of egg albumen has always posed a problem in the food industry. Several different methods have been proposed in the past to improve foaming properties of egg whites, most focusing on heat denaturing the proteins. However, if heat treatment is too extensive, protein concentration too high or the protein is at a pH and ionic strength that favors aggregation, coagulation may occur and foaming properties are adversely affected. One way to increase the foaming functionality of egg proteins would be to induce a conformational change without heat that leads to a protein of increased hydrophobic and flexible nature, i.e. partially denature the protein. Employing different “extreme” pH treatments is an alternative means to heat, to induce a positive conformational change in the egg albumen proteins to increase their foaming properties. To the best of the investigators knowledge it had not been previously studied how controlled acid and alkali denaturation followed by pH readjustment to renaturing conditions affected the foaming properties or conformation of the albumen proteins, collectively or individually. This was the overall goal of the project described in this final report. Previous studies by the investigator on fish and land animal muscle proteins had demonstrated that certain extreme pH treatments where proteins are subjected to a very low or high pH and then readjusted to different pH values in the native pH range of the proteins, led to dramatic improvements in the functional properties of these proteins. We wanted to investigate how a large variety of pH treatments would (a) affect the foaming properties of egg albumen proteins, (b) structural and conformational properties of egg albumen proteins, and (c) the function of selected pH treated proteins in actual food products. The unfolding of egg albumin proteins and ovalbumin was studied as a function of pH, to help us with the selection of unfolding and refolding pH values. Egg albumin solutions were subjected to a large number of unfolding pH values (pH 1.5-3.5 and pH 10.5-12.5) and refolding pH values (pH 4.5-8.5). The effect of different salt concentration (~0-300 mM) and different salt ions were evaluated. We also studied the effect of unfolding and refolding time on the foaming properties of the proteins. Controls were egg albumens adjusted directly to the pH of interest in the pH range 4.5-8.5. Functional tests in these studies were (a) foam overrun, (b) foam stability, (c) liquid drainage, and (d) foam rheology. Structural and conformational test conducted on the
Design of an Advanced Inlet Liner for the Quiet Technology Demonstrator 3 (2019)

The utilization of advanced fan designs (including higher bypass ratios) and shorter engine nacelles has highlighted a need for increased fan noise reduction over a broad frequency range. Thus, improved broadband liner designs must account for these constraints and take advantage of novel liner configurations. With these observations in mind, the development and assessment of a broadband acoustic liner optimization process has been pursued through a series of design and experimental studies. In this work, an advanced inlet liner was designed for a Boeing 737MAX-7 to reduce drag and to improve the broadband noise reduction relative to conventional liners in use today. Specifically, a three layer liner was designed, fabricated, and flight tested as part of the Quiet Technology Demonstrator 3 flight test program. Initial tonal predictions captured the behavior of the measured data very well and both prediction and measurements show an increased acoustic benefit at larger observer angles, particularly at the takeoff condition. Ultimately, flight test results showed the three degree-of-freedom liner to provide a 3.2 EPNdB cumulative inlet component benefit and a 0.7 EPNdB cumulative airplane benefit over the production liner. This excellent result provides valuable validation of the broadband liner design process, as well as the enhancements made to the overall approach. It also illustrates the value of the design process in concurrently evaluating various liner designs (i.e., SDOF, MDOF, etc.) and their application to various locations. Thus, the design process may be applied with further confidence to investigate novel liner configurations in future design studies.
A Voter Verifiable Receipt in Electronic Voting with Improved Reliability (2006)

In order to improve voters' reliability in electronic voting system, voter verifiable receipt technique is being actively researched. Since the receipt should be verifiable not only inside but also outside a polling place, it satisfies the requirements, individual verifiability and receipt-freeness. In the previous researches, there are some problems that special paper and printer is necessary or frequent monitoring is needed to confirm the voting machine's trustworthiness. In this paper, we propose a new receipt issuing scheme. Our scheme does not require any special equipments such as special paper and printer or optical scanner. In addition to that it does not require voters to trust any devices in the polling station and there is no need of frequent observations to the voting machines.
An azobenzene-based photothermal energy storage system for co-harvesting photon energy and low-grade ambient heat via a photoinduced crystal-to-liquid transition (2022)

Ambient heat, slightly above or at room temperature, is a ubiquitous and inexhaustible energy source that has typically been ignored due to difficulties in its utilization. Recent evidence suggests that a class of azobenzene (Azo) photoswitches featuring a reversible photoinduced crystal-to-liquid transition could co-harvest photon energy and ambient heat. Thus, a new horizon has been opened for recovering and regenerating low-grade ambient heat. Here, a series of unilateral para-functionalized photoinduced liquefiable Azo derivatives is presented that can co-harvest and convert photon energy and ambient heat into chemical bond energy and latent heat in molecules and eventually release them in the form of high-temperature utilizable heat. A straightforward crystalline-to-liquid phase transition achieved with ultraviolet light irradiation (365 nm) is enabled by appending a halogen/alkoxy group on the para-position of the Azo photoswitches, and the release of thermal energy is triggered by short-wavelength visible-light irradiation (420 nm). The phase transition properties of the trans- and cis-isomers and the energy density, storage lifetime and heat release performance of the cis-liquid are investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and an infrared (IR) thermal camera. The experimental results indicate a high energy density of 335 J/g, a long lifetime of 5 d and a heat release of up to 6.3 °C due to the coupled photochemical-thermophysical mechanism. This work presents a new model for utilizing renewable energy, i.e., the photoinduced conversion of ambient thermal energy.
A new investigational use only automated immunoassay for periostin (2015)

<b>Rationale:</b> Serum periostin has been proposed as a systemic biomarker of IL-13 pathway activation in the lung. We developed an investigational use only (IUO) immunoassay to detect serum periostin on the ARCHITECT® immunoassay<i> i</i>System. <b>Methods:</b> The ARCHITECT® Periostin assay is a two-step immunoassay for quantitative determination of periostin in human serum using Chemiluminescent Magnetic Immunoassay (CMIA) technology. Periostin is captured by microparticles coated with an anti-periostin monoclonal antibody (mAb). After incubation and washing, a second anti-periostin mAb conjugated with acridinium is added, chemiluminesence is triggered, and signal is measured as relative light units (RLUs). Amount of periostin present and RLUs detected are directly correlated. ARCHITECT®<i>i</i>System has 200 tests per hour throughput. The analytical performance of the assay was assessed. <b>Results:</b> A sandwich immunoassay format was optimized for robust analytical performance. Five-day precision results were <6.4 %CV across 3 controls and 3 serum based panels. Limit of quantitation was ≤4 ng/mL. Specimen dilution analysis yielded linear results across the assay dynamic range (4-100 ng/mL). No endogenous sample and drug interferences were observed. All known lung periostin isoforms were detected. Using this newly developed IUO assay, we measured periostin levels in >1000 serum samples from patients with severe asthma. The range was 5.2-73.3 ng/mL and median periostin level was 16.44 ng/mL. <b>Conclusions:</b> The IUO ARCHITECT® Periostin immunoassay is a reliable and robust test to measure serum periostin levels. The assay is being used in ongoing Phase 3 trials of tralokinumab, a human IgG4 mAb that neutralizes IL-13.