gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells via PPP2R5C down-regulation (2013)

Despite the success of imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains largely incurable, and a number of CML patients die due to Abl mutation-related drug resistance and blast crisis. The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by down-regulating PPP2R5C gene expression in the imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cell lines K562, K562R (imatinib resistant without an Abl gene mutation), 32D-Bcr-Abl WT (imatinib-sensitive murine CML cell line with a wild type Abl gene) and 32D-Bcr-Abl T315I (imatinib resistant with a T315I Abl gene mutation) and primary cells from CML patients by RNA interference. PPP2R5C siRNAs numbered 799 and 991 were obtained by chemosynthesis. Non-silencing siRNA scrambled control (SC)-treated, mock-transfected, and untreated cells were used as controls. The PPP2R5C mRNA and protein expression levels in treated CML cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, and in vitro cell proliferation was assayed with the cell counting kit-8 method. The morphology and percentage of apoptosis were revealed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results demonstrated that both siRNAs had the best silencing results after nucleofection in all four cell lines and primary cells. A reduction in PPP2R5C mRNA and protein levels was observed in the treated cells. The proliferation rate of the PPP2R5C-siRNA-treated CML cell lines was significantly decreased at 72 h, and apoptosis was significantly increased. Significantly higher proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction were found in K562R cells treated with PPP2R5C-siRNA799 than K562 cells. In conclusion, the suppression of PPP2R5C by RNA interference could inhibit proliferation and effectively induce apoptosis in CML cells that were either imatinib sensitive or resistant. Down-regulating PPP2R5C gene expression might be considered as a new therapeutic target strategy for CML, particularly for imatinib-resistant CML.
Paramedic Use of Needle Thoracostomy in the Prehospital Environment (2008)

The use of NT appears to be a safe procedure when preformed by paramedics in an urban EMS system. Prehospital NT resulted in four cases of unexpected survival.
Pregnancy and Delivery in Protein C-Deficiency (2005)

Activated protein C (APC) is a strong inhibitor of coagulation, inactivating coagulation factors Va and VIIIa upon binding to protein S (PS) in the presence of thrombin and thrombomodulin. The normal concentration of PC in the plasma is approximately 4 microg/ml. Throughout pregnancy, PC activity and antigenic levels show no significant trend and remain within the normal reference range. Several PC point mutations have been documented, including those characterized as type I and II PC deficiencies. These, as well as mutations in Protein S (PS), factors Va and VIIIa, and thrombomodulin, can result in venous thromboses of various degrees of severity. The relative risk of thrombosis with PC deficiency is 7.3%. In pregnancy, the risk is 3-10% antepartum and 7-19% postpartum. PC deficiency has also been reported to be associated with both non-recurrent and recurrent first, second and third trimester miscarriages, intrauterine fetal death, intrauterine growth retardation, placental abruption and preeclampsia. However, prior to 10 weeks of gestation, no significant relationship between PC deficiency and pregnancy loss has been established.
Design of Economic PCM Arrays with a Prescribed Grade of Service (1981)

This paper deals with the design of economically structured PCM switching arrays for traffic distribution. The presented switching arrays are symmetrically structured, and have one up to six stages and use different combinations of time stages <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> and space stages <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> , respectively. It is shown how such arrays can be designed for a required grade of service having a prescribed number of terminations and a prescribed carried traffic per time slot. Their relative costs per termination equal to that per time slot are calculated. These are costs for the gates and costs for memory bits, i.e., speech memories and all control memories. All presented PCM switching arrays are mapped into the corresponding space division multiplex (SDM) arrays. This allows a simple comparison with SDM link systems and an easy calculation of the point-to-point loss. The paper concludes comparing the traffic behavior and costs of the various PCM switching arrays. Finally, new "PCM charts" are developed as useful means for the design of economic PCM switching arrays. A second paper of this congress [14] compares traffic equivalent PCM and SDM switching arrays, respectively, with regard to their economic design, their traffic behavior, and their costs per termination.
Repetitive stepwise rotaxane formation toward programmable molecular arrays (2013)

We present a novel strategy to synthesize multi-molecular arrays in a programmable way by stepwise elongation based on repetition of two-fold rotaxane formation and construction of threads. A cofacially triply stacked porphyrin array was obtained via the repetitive two-fold rotaxane formation.
Complement in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2009)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Characterization and Luminescence Properties of <scp>YAG</scp> : <scp> <scp> Ce <sup>3+</sup> </scp> </scp> Phosphors by Molten Salt Synthesis (2011)

The Y 2.9 Ce 0.1 Al 5 O 12 ( YAG : Ce 3+ ) phosphors were successfully prepared via molten salt synthesis ( MSS ) method using the eutectic mixtures of NaNO 2 –KNO 2 or NaCl–KCl as the flux. Using NaCl–KCl as the flux, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase is formed above 1000°C, and the as‐prepared YAG : Ce 3+ phosphor with 2 μm average particle size has good emission and excitation spectra. Using NaNO 2 –KNO 2 as the flux, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase can be formed at a temperature as low as 400°C, but the as‐prepared YAG : Ce 3+ phosphor with 200 nm average particle size do not have obvious emission and excitation spectra, and after being annealed at 1100°C, the powder also has 200 nm average particle size but has stronger emission and excitation spectra. Compared with the commercial YAG : Ce 3+ phosphor, the emission intensity of the phosphor prepared by MSS using NaNO 2 –KNO 2 as the flux followed by calcination is a little low, but the latter has a smaller particle size, which will reduce the amount of phosphors utilized in white light‐emitting diodes.
Compiling high throughput network processors (2012)

Gorilla is a methodology for generating FPGA-based solutions especially well suited for data parallel applications with fine grain irregularity. Irregularity simultaneously destroys performance and increases power consumption on many data parallel processors such as General Purpose Graphical Processor Units (GPGPUs). Gorilla achieves high performance and low power through the use of FPGA-tailored parallelization techniques and application-specific hardwired accelerators, processing engines, and communication mechanisms. Automatic compilation from a stylized C language and templates that define the hardware structure coupled with the intrinsic flexibility of FPGAs provide high performance, low power, and programmability.
Digital predistortion of concurrent multiband communication systems (2014)

In this semi-tutorial paper, we derive the general form of a predistorter for a concurrent multiband system. Further, we derive complexity-reduced forms, and we compare the resulting algorithms with previously proposed algorithms in the literature.
Ion Energy Distribution Skew Control Using Phase-Locked Harmonic RF Bias Drive (2014)

The energy distribution of ions accelerated through a radio frequency sheath and incident on a plasma-facing material significantly influences material interaction with the plasma and can impact manufacturing at the nanoscale. Ion energy distributions are controlled through appropriate mixing of drive frequencies, which has been shown to control distribution width. This paper presents a modification to multifrequency drive for ion energy control by exploiting a digital frequency and phase controller that enables modification of the higher order moments of the distribution, specifically, controlling the skew of the distribution. By modulating the sheath with two frequencies where one frequency is the harmonic of the other and controlling the relative phase of these two waveforms incident on the plasma-facing surface, skew control is achieved. A simple empirical model is presented to describe this method, as well as experimental validation of the model and demonstration of skew control in a parallel plate capacitively coupled reactor.
ILK promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway (2017)

Breast cancer is a very common malignant tumor, whose incidence ranks the first among various types of cancer in women worldwide. An important hallmark of cancer is the activation of oncogenes, which lead to overgrowth of cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the critical genes involved in regulating the progression of breast cancer and elucidate the corresponding molecular mechanisms. The present study demonstrated that integrin‑linked kinase (ILK) overexpression promoted cell proliferation and growth in MCF‑7 cells, while ILK knockdown led to growth arrest in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. In addition, activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was positively regulated by ILK, suggesting that the regulatory effects of ILK on cell growth and proliferation may be at least in part mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling. These results indicated that ILK promoted cell proliferation and growth in breast cancer cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that ILK may be considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the therapy of breast cancer in the future.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Cleaves Procaspase 8 In Vivo (2007)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes apoptosis of infected CD4 T cells as well as uninfected (bystander) CD4 and CD8 T cells. It remains unknown what signals cause infected cells to die. We demonstrate that HIV-1 protease specifically cleaves procaspase 8 to create a novel fragment termed casp8p41, which independently induces apoptosis. casp8p41 is specific to HIV-1 protease-induced death but not other caspase 8-dependent death stimuli. In HIV-1-infected patients, casp8p41 is detected only in CD4(+) T cells, predominantly in the CD27(+) memory subset, its presence increases with increasing viral load, and it colocalizes with both infected and apoptotic cells. These data indicate that casp8p41 independently induces apoptosis and is a specific product of HIV-1 protease which may contribute to death of HIV-1-infected cells.
Excess sodium is deleterious on endothelial and glycocalyx barrier function: A microfluidic study (2018)

Our data suggest that hypernatremia results in degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx with further exacerbation by shock conditions. A clinical study using clinical measurements of the endothelial glycocalyx in critically ill or injured patients with acquired hypernatremia would be warranted.
MINMAX Bit Allocation for Quantization-Based Video Coders (2005)

Ringenburg et al. (2004) developed MultiStage, a bit-allocation algorithm for embedded video coders, that generates near-constant quality sequences. In this work, we show how the algorithm can be applied to quantization-based coders, and implement it for H.263. We also describe a novel approach for block-level bit allocation for H.263, cast as a variation on the multiple-choice knapsack problem, and show how to solve it efficiently with dynamic programming. Our results show that very stable quality can be achieved using relatively few coding iterations, with very little sacrifice in mean distortion.
Temperature variation of total hemispherical emissivity of stainless steel AISI 304 (1979)

Numerical values of the total hemispherical emissivities Eh of a mechanically polished surface and an electropolished surface of a sample of stainless steel, type AISI 304, have been determined experimentally for the first time in the temperature range 340-1100 K. An absolute method incorporating the transient calorimetric principle was used in these measurements. It is found that the 4Eh values obtained are only very slightly different from those predicted by a classical expression for total hemispherical emissivity developed by Davisson and Weeks.
Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. (1992)

Intravenous contrast enhancement has assumed a prominent position in clinical MR imaging, particularly for studies of the head and spine. New chelates such as gadoteridol are likely to be approved in the near future; gadopentetate dimeglumine is the only agent approved for clinical use in the United States. Clinical applications have rapidly expanded for the gadolinium chelates with extracellular distribution. Within the next decade, approval is anticipated for a variety of additional agents that may help assess tissue function.
Mirror coating and packaging for a horizontal MEMS optical switch array (2004)

A prototype package for a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical ON-OFF switch array has been designed, fabricated and assembled. The package consists of a horizontal surface micromachined 3D PolyMUMPs mirror chip, optical fibers and a micro-bench which acts as a carrier for the MEMS chip and optical fiber assemblies. The packaging alignment was achieved using an auto-alignment system. A multi-layer dielectric optical coating has also been designed and applied to enhance the optical performance of the mirrors. The packaged MEMS optical switch has been characterized.
A damage index for estimating yield loss in sunflowers caused by sunflower midge (1991)

A description of six categories of damage to sunflower heads by sunflower midge, Contarinia schultzi Gagne, is presented based on visual estimates of the relative area of seed destroyed as well as the degree of head cupping expressed as the ratio of the length of the thickened receptacle to the head diameter. Fractional yields of the six damage classes (0–5), determined from heads collected in commercial fields, were 1.0, 0.82, 0.69, 0.41, 0.15 and 0. Head diameter was significantly associated with midge damage and accounted for more variation than the damage rating in regressions of the two factors on yield. Ratings by observers with varying degrees of experience using the damage descriptions agreed significantly in evaluating the same group of heads. The sunflower midge index provides a simple and standard method for comparing varietal reactions to midge and for estimating commercial losses. Key words: Sunflower, Contarinia schultzi Gagne
Reconstructing tree crowns from laser scanner data for feature extraction (2002)

The objective of this study was to carry out reconstruction of single tree crowns from laser scanner data to use the obtained vector model for feature extraction. The reconstruction was implemented in several stages. First, pulses which have reflected from each tree were marked off from the original point cloud. Ground points were then separated from all points using digital terrain model and analysing the histogram of terrain height values. In the next stage canopy was described with vector polygons, and the location of the trunk was estimated. With respect to the location of the trunk, tree points were transferred from (xyz)-co-ordinate system to the polarco-ordinate system (α,r,h), and features were estimated from the vector model. Evaluation of the reconstruction was performed choosing a test area and processing 50 single trees, and comparing results to the field measurements. In the study it was found that dense laser scanner data detail describes the upper canopy of forest and therefore is suitable for tree height information extraction. The lower crown was found less detail measured with laser scanner and parameters extracted from that part were less accurate, but trend setting. Obtained distance profile seemed to give tendency for the tree specie. 1.
Prompt response and durability of polymer ablation from synthetic fibers irradiated by thermal plasmas for arc resistant clothes (2013)

Interactions between thermal plasmas and synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester, phenol and aramid were investigated by thermal plasma irradiation technique. Understanding the above interactions is crucial to design effective flame retardant synthetic fiber clothes with arc resistance to protect a human from arc flash accidents. To investigate the interactions, an Ar inductively coupled thermal plasma (ICTP) was used instead of the arc discharge because the ICTP has high controllability and no contamination. The ICTP irradiation raises polymer ablation in case of polyamide and polyester. Two features of the polymer ablation such as prompt response and durability were fundamentally investigated from viewpoint of shielding the heat flux. It was found that polyamide fiber has both a high prompt response and a long durability.
Motion-based video retrieval by trajectory matching (2006)

This paper proposes a hybrid motion-based video retrieval system to retrieve desired videos from video databases through trajectory matching. The hybrid method includes a sketch-based scheme and a string-based one to analyze and index a trajectory with more syntactic meanings. First of all, this method uses a sampling technique to extract a set of control points from each trajectory as features. Then, the sketch-based method uses a curve fitting technique to interpolate some missed data in this set of control points. Then, the visual distance between any two trajectories can be directly measured by comparing their position data. The visual distance is good in solving the problem of translation-invariant trajectory matching but poor in solving the problem of partial trajectory matching. Therefore, in addition to the visual distance, the hybrid method uses the string-based scheme to compare any two trajectories according to their syntactic meanings. With the help of the syntactic distance, many impossible candidates can be filtered out in advance and thus the accuracy of video retrieval can be much enhanced. In addition, the problem of partial trajectory matching will become easy to be solved. Thus, even though a partial trajectory is queried, all desired video clips still can be very accurately retrieved. Experimental results have proved the superiority of our proposed method.
Contemporary Trends in Low Risk Prostate Cancer: Risk Assessment and Treatment (2007)

Patients at low risk can be further substratified to identify those at very low risk based on clinical variables. The use of surveillance is increasing but overtreatment remains a concern in these patients.
Enhancement of plaque formation and cell fusion of an enteropathogenic coronavirus by trypsin treatment (1981)

Plaque formation, replication, and related cytopathic functions of the enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus strain L9 in bovine fetal thyroid (BFTy) and bovine fetal brain (BFB) cells were investigated in the presence and absence of trypsin. Plaque formation was enhanced in both cell types. Plaques reached a size with an average diameter of 5 mm within 4 days with trypsin in the overlay, whereas their diameter remained less than 1 mm at this time after plating without trypsin in the overlay. Fusion of both cell types was observed 12 to 18 h after infection when trypsin was present in the medium. Fusion was not observed in infected BFB cell cultures and was rarely observed 48 h after infection of BFTy cells maintained with the trypsin-free medium. The largest polycaryons formed had 15 to 22 nuclei. They then lysed and detached. Cell fusion depended on de novo synthesis of hemagglutinin and infectivity. Fusion from without was not observed. Virus produced under trypsin-enhancing conditions accompanied by cell fusion did not lyse mouse erythrocytes that reacted with L9 coronavirus hemagglutinin. Trypsin-treated, infected BFTy cultures produced coronaviral particles that excluded stain from the envelope confinement. These virions had uniformly shorter surface projections than did the viral forms generated by trypsin-free cell cultures.
Negative argininosuccinate synthetase expression in melanoma tumours may predict clinical benefit from arginine-depleting therapy with pegylated arginine deiminase (2012)

ADI-PEG20 is safe and the drug is only efficacious in melanoma patients whose tumour has negative ASS expression. Argininosuccinate synthetase tumour positivity is associated with drug resistance and tumour progression.
“I’m Depraved on Account of I’m Deprived:” Psychopathy and Accountability (2013)

When the assertion in the quoted portion of this commentary's title appeared in the 1957 Broadway musical West Side Story, it was intended to generate a humorous audience response, not to constitut...
Steric and Electronic Effects in Half-Sandwich Ruthenium Silane σ-Complexes with Si−H and Si−Cl Interligand Interactions (2009)

The Cp ring is found to exert a primarily electronic effect on the strength of Si−H interaction in silane σ-complexes Cp(Pri3P)RuCl(η2-HSiClR2). Complexation of chlorosilanes HSiClR2 is supported by an additional RuCl···SiCl interaction.
Good Governance for Food, Water and Energy Security (2013)

Food and water security have moved to the top of the global agenda following the food and energy price increases that started in 2007. Addressing the food, water and energy nexus is considered increasingly important for transparently and equitably meeting increasing global demand without compromising sustainability. This paper argues that given the unique regional and sector challenges of food, water and energy security, their nexus must be deconstructed to find effective, contextualized solutions. And governance challenges are at the heart of the nexus in each region. Governance is defined in various ways, but, with a few notable exceptions, the definitions have undergone relatively little analysis. In turn, governance issues are imbedded in policy, institutional, technological and financing options exercised at the global, regional, national and local levels. Furthermore, strong interactions between levels prompt policy responses to specific events and outcomes. The cu rent governance arrangements, where they exist at all, are woefully inadequate to address the challenges. They are imbedded in a lack of strategic clarity, and among stakeholders there is an unequal distribution of power, voice and access to information, resources and the capability to exercise a sound influence which will produce equitable and sustainable outcomes. Often there are huge tradeoffs between the short-term wins of individual stakeholders and long-term holistic solutions. This paper uses illustrative examples from recent global developments, as well as from China and India, to make the case for placing empirical analysis of governance issues at the top of the global agenda. At each level, governance is ues affect the choice of policies, institutions and outcomes for addressing these daunting challenges.