gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflection: Automated test location selection for cellular network upgrades (2017)

Cellular networks are constantly evolving due to frequent changes in radio access and end user equipment technologies, dynamic applications and associated trafflc mixes. Network upgrades should be performed with extreme caution since millions of users heavily depend on the cellular networks for a wide range of day to day tasks, including emergency and alert notifications. Before upgrading the entire network, it is important to conduct field evaluation of upgrades. Field evaluations are typically cumbersome and can be time consuming; however if done correctly they can help alleviate a lot of the deployment issues in terms of service quality degradation. The choice and number of field test locations have significant impacts on the time-to-market as well as confidence in how well various network upgrades will work out in the rest of the network. In this paper, we propose a novel approach — Reflection to automatically determine where to conduct the upgrade field tests in order to accurately identify important features that affect the upgrade. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Reflection using extensive evaluation based on real traces collected from a major US cellular network as well as synthetic traces.
The use of hydrolytic enzymes as adjuvant therapy in AIDS/ARC/LAS patients. (1988)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a hypothesis corroborating the use of hydrolytic enzymes in AIDS/ARC/LAS patients, showing high levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC). Other diseases, revealing high CIC-levels as well, may be improved or even cured by eliminating CIC. The results obtained from experiences of CIC-elimination by hydrolytic enzymes are presented below. As may be determined from the data available, hydrolytic enzymes should be included in the therapy of HIV-positive patients. Clinical trials are being continued.
Development of Dry Skin in the NOA Mouse Under Individual Housing Conditions: A Potentially Useful Animal Model for Evaluating Moisturizing Effects (2005)

In a previous study, we reported the development of grossly observable dry skin in all of the Naruto Research Institute Otsuka Atrichia (NOA) mice that were housed individually. In the present study, dermal physiological function tests were conducted and the usefulness of this dry skin model for evaluating the efficacy of topical moisturizers was assessed. As a result, we have confirmed a marked reduction in the water content of the stratum corneum in these animals. Therefore, the development of dry skin in the NOA mouse strain under individual housing conditions may be expected to serve as a useful animal model for evaluating topical moisturizers. Specifically, the water content of the stratum corneum was restored in proportion to the oil content of the ointment base used to treat the animals, and the moisturizing effects of urea were confirmed in animals treated with urea-containing ointment. In addition, when the animals that had been housed individually were returned to group housing conditions, the water content of the stratum corneum was restored, with a corresponding improvement in dry skin. This finding suggests that socio-psychological factors are involved in the etiology of dry skin in individually housed NOA mice.
Silicon film formation by chemical transport in atmospheric-pressure pure hydrogen plasma (2007)

To prepare polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films at low temperatures (&lt;400°C) with high deposition rate, we propose a chemical transport method using atmospheric-pressure pure hydrogen plasma, called the atmospheric-pressure enhanced chemical transport method. In this method, high-pressure (200–760Torr) stable glow plasma of pure hydrogen was generated by a 150MHz very high frequency power between the two parallel electrodes less than 2mm apart. One of the electrodes is composed of the cooled Si solid source and the other the heated substrate (200–400°C). According to the temperature dependence of hydrogen etching rate of Si, SiHx species are mainly generated at the cooled Si solid source by hydrogen atoms. These species are again decomposed in the plasma, transported to the substrate to form Si films. In the present experiments on poly-Si film formation, a high deposition rate of 300nm∕min was achieved at 400°C, and nearly ideal utilization efficiencies (&gt;93%) of Si solid source was realized in every condition. Si grains formed on a (001) Si substrate revealed anisotropic morphology elongated along ⟨110⟩ directions, and most of them had columnar structures epitaxially grown to the thickness of 2μm even at 200°C.
Design of laminated antiferromagnetically coupled media for beyond 100 Gb/in2 areal density (2002)

In this report, we will present our experimental and micromagnetic simulation studies to show that laminated antiferromagnetically coupled media has potentials to push the areal density beyond 100 Gbit/in2. Exchange coupling constant as high as 0.32 erg/cm2 has been obtained for basic two layer configuration by inserting an ultrathin Co interface layer between CoCrPtB and Ru layers, which is 3–4 times higher than the reported values in literature. This technique improved the thermal stability factor by more than 40%. A type of sandwich three-layer configuration for the antiferromagnetic coupled media is proposed which may double the antiferromagnetic coupling effect for the recording CoCrPtB layer. It also can further reduce the Mrt value (less than 0.2 memu/cm2) while keeping high thermal stability that may be preferred for future application once extreme high sensitivity read head appears.
Affine Distortion Compensation for an Isolated Online Handwritten Chinese Character Using Combined Orientation Estimation and HMM-Based Minimax Classification (2009)

This paper presents a new approach to compensating affine distortion of an isolated online handwritten Chinese character. The input sample is first analyzed by using a character-structure-guided orientation estimation approach. If necessary, the orientation hypotheses are refined based on confidence evaluation of two pre-classifiers. Depending on the number of possible orientations, an HMM-based minimax classification approach is then used to estimate an affine transformation against either the original sample or the compensated sample with the previously identified orientation. The final compensated sample can be derived accordingly using the estimated affine transformation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by recognition experiments using distorted samples generated artificially from the popular Nakayosi and Kuchibue Japanese character databases.
Recent advances in ultra high-speed OFDMA-PON (2010)

Passive optical networks (PON) based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) are becoming highly attractive for next-generation highspeed optical access. We survey the latest OFDMA-PON advances in ultra high-speed transmission and real-time signal processing.
P‐92: Electrochromic Passive‐Matrix Displays (2003)

Abstract Historically, the realization of passive‐matrix addressing has been a critical issue in the development of electrochromic displays. We report on electrochromic passive‐matrix displays based on viologen‐derivatized films of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. High and uniform contrast is obtained for laboratory devices with few pixels.
Asphaltene Precipitation from Live Crude Oil (2001)

Asphaltene precipitation from live crude oils that occurs due to pressure reduction can foul and clog oil production equipment, at the well surface, in the borehole, and even in the subsurface formation, thus is of considerable interest to oil operating companies. We employ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to characterize this asphaltene precipitation process; in particular, the independent measurements on asphaltene flocculation of wavelength dependence of optical scattering and of sedimentation rates are performed. Here, it is established that different asphaltene flocs form during depressurization of crude oil. Furthermore, the initial precipitate is probably not problematic in the production of crude oil, relaxing constraints imposed by asphaltene considerations. Additionally, the asphaltene precipitation process is shown to be largely reversible in the minutes time frame, but subtle irreversibilities are suggested. Compressibility is measured using NIR techniques to validate our methods. Optical spectroscopy on optically thin samples is found to be a powerful and indispensable tool to characterize asphaltene precipitation.
Aberration balancing, orthonormal polynomials, and wavefront analysis (2012)

The Zernike circle polynomials are in widespread use for wavefront analysis of rotationally symmetric systems with circular pupils because they are orthogonal over and represent balanced aberrations for such pupils. We discuss the corresponding polynomials for noncircular pupils such as annular, elliptical, hexagonal, rectangular, or square. We also consider such polynomials for anamorphic systems.
Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SeSAME syndrome) caused by mutations in <i>KCNJ10</i> (2009)

We describe members of 4 kindreds with a previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypomagnesemia). By analysis of linkage we localize the putative causative gene to a 2.5-Mb segment of chromosome 1q23.2-23.3. Direct DNA sequencing of KCNJ10, which encodes an inwardly rectifying K(+) channel, identifies previously unidentified missense or nonsense mutations on both alleles in all affected subjects. These mutations alter highly conserved amino acids and are absent among control chromosomes. Many of these mutations have been shown to cause loss of function in related K(+) channels. These findings demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations in KCNJ10 cause this syndrome, which we name SeSAME. KCNJ10 is expressed in glia in the brain and spinal cord, where it is believed to take up K(+) released by neuronal repolarization, in cochlea, where it is involved in the generation of endolymph, and on the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron. We propose that KCNJ10 is required in the kidney for normal salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule because of the need for K(+) recycling across the basolateral membrane to enable normal activity of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase; loss of this function accounts for the observed electrolyte defects. Mice deficient for KCNJ10 show a related phenotype with seizures, ataxia, and hearing loss, further supporting KCNJ10's role in this syndrome. These findings define a unique human syndrome, and establish the essential role of basolateral K(+) channels in renal electrolyte homeostasis.
SNR Estimators for UWB BPSK Systems (2006)

Signal-to-noise ratio estimators for binary phase shift keying signals in ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) systems are proposed. Both time-hopping UWB systems and direct-sequence UWB systems are considered. Several new estimators are derived by making use of different properties of the UWB signals. The performances of the estimators are examined and compared in terms of their root-mean-squared error. Numerical reults show that they have excellent performances when operating in an ultra- wide bandwidth system.
LVS Check for Photonic Integrated Circuits – Curvilinear Feature Extraction and Validation (2015)

This work is motivated by the demand of an electronic design automation (EDA) approach for the emerging ecosystem of the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology. A reliable physical verification flow cannot be achieved without the adaption of the traditional EDA tools to the photonic design verification needs. We analyze how layout versus schematic (LVS) checking is performed differently for photonic designs, and propose an LVS flow that addresses the particular need of curvilinear feature validation (curved path length and bend curvature extraction). We show that it is possible to reuse and extend the current LVS tools to perform such critical but non-traditional checks, which ensures a more reliable photonic layout implementation in term of functionality and circuit yield. Going forward, we propose possible future studies that can further improve the flows.
Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry for Observing the Entire Process of Plastic Deformation of a Solid Object (1995)

A new scheme of digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) for observing the entire process of dynamic deformation from the beginning of elastic deformation to the end of plastic deformation at fracture is proposed. Interesting deformation processes which consist of spatial mode division of fringes caused by plastic deformation and stress relaxation were clarified by simple experiments.
Lamb wave devices based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2003)

This paper describes the theory, design, and realization of a new type of Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Transducer. The excitation mechanism of this device is unlike any other as it relies on the Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT). Built using fundamental integrated circuit techniques, this device has an insertion loss of 20 dB at an operating frequency of 2.1 MHz. The dominant propagating mode in the device is that of the lowest order antisymmetric flexural wave (A/sub 0/). The substrate upon which the device rests is 18 /spl mu/m thick and is almost entirely made up of crystalline silicon. When configured as a delay line oscillator, the transducer functions well as a sensor to changes in environmental conditions.
Seismic anisotropy of shales (2005)

ABSTRACT Shales are a major component of sedimentary basins, and they play a decisive role in fluid flow and seismic‐wave propagation because of their low permeability and anisotropic microstructure. Shale anisotropy needs to be quantified to obtain reliable information on reservoir fluid, lithology and pore pressure from seismic data, and to understand time‐to‐depth conversion errors and non‐hyperbolic moveout. A single anisotropy parameter, Thomsen's δ parameter, is sufficient to explain the difference between the small‐offset normal‐moveout velocity and vertical velocity, and to interpret the small‐offset AVO response. The sign of this parameter is poorly understood, with both positive and negative values having been reported in the literature. δ is sensitive to the compliance of the contact regions between clay particles and to the degree of disorder in the orientation of clay particles. If the ratio of the normal to shear compliance of the contact regions exceeds a critical value, the presence of these regions acts to increase δ, and a change in the sign of δ, from the negative values characteristic of clay minerals to the positive values commonly reported for shales, may occur. Misalignment of the clay particles can also lead to a positive value of δ. For transverse isotropy, the elastic anisotropy parameters can be written in terms of the coefficients W 200 and W 400 in an expansion of the clay‐particle orientation distribution function in generalized Legendre functions. For a given value of W 200 , decreasing W 400 leads to an increase in δ, while for fixed W 400 , δ increases with increasing W 200 . Perfect alignment of clay particles with normals along the symmetry axis corresponds to the maximum values of W 200 and W 400 , given by and . A comparison of the predictions of the theory with laboratory measurements shows that most shales lie in a region of the ( W 200 , W 400 )‐plane defined by W 400 / W 200 ≤ W max 400 / W max 200 .
Design of repeat-accumulate codes for iterative detection and decoding (2003)

Extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design systematic and nonsystematic repeat-accumulate (RA) codes for iterative detection and decoding. The convergence problems of nonsystematic RA codes are solved by introducing a biregular, or doped, layer of check nodes. As examples, such nonsystematic codes are designed for multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) fading channels and are shown to operate close to capacity.
<title>Self-calibrating modulation ellipsometer</title> (1996)

A new self-calibrating modulation ellipsometer (SCME) has demonstrated outstanding accuracy, utility, reliability, and speed. The ellipsometer is well suited to in-situ monitoring of surface degradation, film growth or etching, and quality control. The design incorporates several novel features including: (1) full self calibration, (2) high speed, (3) high accuracy, (4) high signal-to-noise ratio, (5) compactness, (6) reliability, and (7) no moving parts. The design is portable, can be fully automated, and is suitable for use in remote and harsh environments. A complete prototype instrument incorporates all optical components, mechanical mounts with flexible configuration options, custom electronic components, signal acquisition, computer control, data analysis, and a user interface, all integrated into a self-contained, user-friendly, system. It operates at fixed wavelength and incidence angle, though both can be changed by the operator in a few minutes as desired. Quantitative testing verified the absolute accuracy and suitability for monitoring real-time in-situ film growth and etching.
Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Amide-Containing Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) Inhibitors (2013)

Crystal structures of several urea- and thiourea-derived compounds in complex with the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) protein were utilized to design a potent amide-containing inhibitor bearing an aza-indole moiety (7, Nampt BC IC50 = 9.0 nM, A2780 cell proliferation IC50 = 10 nM). The Nampt-7 cocrystal structure was subsequently obtained and enabled the design of additional amide-containing inhibitors which incorporated various other fused 6,5-heterocyclic moieties and biaryl sulfone or sulfonamide motifs. Additional modifications of these molecules afforded many potent biaryl sulfone-containing Nampt inhibitors which also exhibited favorable in vitro ADME properties (microsomal and hepatocyte stability, MDCK permeability, plasma protein binding). An optimized compound (58) was a potent inhibitor of multiple cancer cell lines (IC50 <10 nM vs U251, HT1080, PC3, MiaPaCa2, and HCT116 lines), displayed acceptable mouse PK properties (F = 41%, CL = 52.4 mL/min/kg), and exhibited robust efficacy in a U251 mouse xenograft model.
N-Substituted <i>cis-</i>4a-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyloctahydroisoquinolines Are Opioid Receptor Pure Antagonists (2005)

N-Substituted cis-4a-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyloctahydroisoquinolines (6a-g) were designed and synthesized as conformationally constrained analogues of the trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (4) class of opioid receptor pure antagonists. The methyloctahydroisoquinolines 6a-g can exist in conformations where the 3-hydroxyphenyl substituent is either axial or equatorial, similar to the (3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines 4. The 3-hydroxyphenyl equatorial conformation is responsible for the antagonist activity observed in the (3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine antagonists. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 6a shows that the 3-hydroxyphenyl equatorial conformation is favored in the solid state. Molecular modeling studies also suggest that the equatorial conformation has lower potential energy relative to that of the axial conformation. Evaluation of 6a-g in the [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S in vitro functional assay showed that they were opioid receptor pure antagonists. N-[4a-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyl-2-(3-phenylpropyl)octahydroisoquinoline-6-yl]-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propionamide (6d) with a K(e) of 0.27 nM at the kappa opioid receptor with 154- and 46-fold selectivity relative to those of the micro and delta receptors, respectively, possessed the best combination of kappa potency and selectivity.
Ultra-High Q Microresonator Devices for Optical Communications (2005)

A new chip-based microcavity capable of Q factors as high as 500 million is reviewed. Fiber-coupled Raman and parametric oscillators having microWatt level threshold powers are demonstrated as well as narrow-linewidth erbium lasers.
High Operating Temperature Midwave Quantum Dot Barrier Infrared Detector (QD-BIRD) (2012)

The nBn or XBn barrier infrared detector has the advantage of reduced dark current resulting from suppressed Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and surface leakage. High performance detectors and focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on InAsSb absorber lattice matched to GaSb substrate, with a matching AlAsSb unipolar electron barrier, have been demonstrated. The band gap of lattice-matched InAsSb yields a detector cutoff wavelength of approximately 4.2 ??m when operating at ~150K. We report results on extending the cutoff wavelength of midwave barrier infrared detectors by incorporating self-assembled InSb quantum dots into the active area of the detector. Using this approach, we were able to extend the detector cutoff wavelength to ~6 ?m, allowing the coverage of the full midwave infrared (MWIR) transmission window. The quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD) shows infrared response at temperatures up to 225 K.
Abstract 15660: Insulated Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter (2014)

Background: Radiofrequency RF ablation utilizes low-voltage to deliver high frequency electrical energy to myocardial tissue to create permanent lesions. RF delivery systems are rudimentary in design and deliver energy at 360 degrees from the tip surface allowing for dissipation of energy. We propose a design modification to current radiofrequency ablation catheters by insulating a portion of the ablation catheter tip, which improves efficiency of RF delivery and requires less RF power. Hypothesis: An insulated portion of the ablation catheter will concentrate the flow of energy toward the non-insulated side, increasing temperature and lesion size compared with a standard catheter. Methods: Three catheter tips were insulated using silicone based material to cover half their surfaces. These included a 4mm, 8mm, and an open-irrigated tip catheter. The insulated catheter was compared to its standard counterpart. Energy was delivered to myocardial tissue submerged in a saline bath heated to 37°C at 20 watts (W) for 60 seconds. Measurements of lesion depth and temperatures at 3mm and 5mm depth were compared between the catheter types. Results: At 20W, lesion depths were significantly larger for the insulated 4mm, 8 mm, and irrigated tip catheters, compared to their counterpart (Table). Peak temperatures at 3 and 5 mm depths were significantly higher for the insulated 4mm, 8 mm, and irrigated tip catheters, compared to their counterpart (Table). Conclusion: By insulating the tip of an RF ablation, efficiency of RF delivery is increased, with larger lesion sizes and higher temperatures. Lower powers can be used with insulated catheters to create lesion depths similar to those seen with standard catheters at higher power.
Aryl phosphate derivatives of 3'-deoxythymidine are not potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents. (1998)

Aryl phosphate derivatives of 3'-deoxythymidine (3dT), albeit more active than 3dT in thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient cells, are not potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents and are capable of inhibiting HIV replication only at micromolar concentrations.