gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformal Electroplating of Azobenzene-Based Solar Thermal Fuels onto Large-Area and Fiber Geometries (2016)

There is tremendous growth in fields where small functional molecules and colloidal nanomaterials are integrated into thin films for solid-state device applications. Many of these materials are synthesized in solution and there often exists a significant barrier to transition them into the solid state in an efficient manner. Here, we develop a methodology employing an electrodepositable copolymer consisting of small functional molecules for applications in solar energy harvesting and storage. We employ azobenzene solar thermal fuel polymers and functionalize them to enable deposition from low concentration solutions in methanol, resulting in uniform and large-area thin films. This approach enables conformal deposition on a variety of conducting substrates that can be either flat or structured depending on the application. Our approach further enables control over film growth via electrodepsition conditions and results in highly uniform films of hundreds of nanometers to microns in thickness. We demonstrate that this method enables superior retention of solar thermal fuel properties, with energy densities of ∼90 J/g, chargeability in the solid state, and exceptional materials utilization compared to other solid-state processing approaches. This novel approach is applicable to systems such as photon upconversion, photovoltaics, photosensing, light emission, and beyond, where small functional molecules enable solid-state applications.
Cloning the<i>Bam</i>HI restriction modification system (1989)

BamHI, a Type II restriction modification system from Bacillus amyloliquefaciensH recognizes the sequence GGATCC. The methylase and endonuclease genes have been cloned into E. coli in separate steps; the clone is able to restrict unmodified phage. Although within the clone the methylase and endonuclease genes are present on the same pACYC184 vector, the system can be maintained in E. coli only with an additional copy of the methylase gene present on a separate vector. The initial selection for BamHI methylase activity also yielded a second BamHI methylase gene which is not homologous in DNA sequence and hybridizes to different genomic restriction fragments than does the endonuclease-linked methylase gene. Finally, the interaction of the BamHI system with the E. coli Dam and the Mcr A and B functions, have been studied and are reported here.
Blind Separation of Analytes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Sparseness-Based Robust Multicomponent Analysis (2010)

Metabolic profiling of biological samples involves nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled with powerful statistical tools for complex data analysis. Here, we report a robust, sparseness-based method for the blind separation of analytes from mixtures recorded in spectroscopic and spectrometric measurements. The advantage of the proposed method in comparison to alternative blind decomposition schemes is that it is capable of estimating the number of analytes, their concentrations, and the analytes themselves from available mixtures only. The number of analytes can be less than, equal to, or greater than the number of mixtures. The method is exemplified on blind extraction of four analytes from three mixtures in 2D NMR spectroscopy and five analytes from two mixtures in mass spectrometry. The proposed methodology is of widespread significance for natural products research and the field of metabolic studies, whereupon mixtures represent samples isolated from biological fluids or tissue extracts.
Properties of piezoelectric selenium and selenium layers (1982)

Abstract Trigonal selenium is an interesting piezoelectric material since its electromechanical coupling factor is fairly high: K 2—10% for bulk waves and 1.5% for Rayleigh waves. The set of its elastic and piezoelectric constants is given. The propagation conditions of bulk waves (slowness surface) and surface waves are deduced from these constants. Experimental results referring to Rayleigh waves propagating in selenium crystals (they are difficult to grow) and in selenium layers grown on tellurium crystals are presented. These waves were launched by interdigital transducers.
WLC04-3: Dual Branch Receivers for Enhanced Voice and Data Communications in WCDMA (2006)

The system benefits of using an advanced dual-branch diversity receiver at the mobile terminal are studied in a Wideband Code-Division Multiple-Access (WCDMA) cellular system. The receiver considered is an extension of the generalized Rake (G-Rake) receiver which provides a form of array processing. In addition to exploiting the temporal correlation in receiver impairments and the orthogonality between spreading codes, spatial correlation is also accounted for in the formulation of finger combining weights. We show that this dual-branch G-Rake receiver, even with a pessimistic antenna configuration, has a potential to increase the system capacity, relative to the conventional single-branch Rake receiver, by 94% for voice communications. For data communications, high-data-rate availability can be significantly improved. This allows a HSDPA user at the cell border to enjoy a data rate close to 4 Mbps in dispersive channels. For end-user performance of TCP/IP applications, users with a dual-branch G- Rake receiver experience significantly higher packet bit rates and shorter download times.
New switched‐network phase shifter with broadband characteristics (2003)

Abstract A new switched‐network broadband phase shifter is presented in this paper. The proposed unique network consists of a fixed main line of length λ/2, and λ/8 parallel open and short stubs, which are shunted at the edge points of the main line. It has a more dispersive phase property than a standard transmission line, and can control the phase slope by the optimum Z m and Z s values to produce an impedance match and minimum phase deviation at the desired phase shift. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 255–257, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11030
Polyacetylene, (CH)<i>x</i>: <i>n</i>-type and <i>p</i>-type doping and compensation (1978)

A series of experiments are reported which demonstrate that donors or acceptors can dope polyacetylene to n type or p type, respectively, and that the two kinds of dopants can compensate one another. The formation of a rectifying p-n junction is demonstrated. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing doped polyacetylene in a variety of potential semiconductor device applications.
Sensing techniques for tablet+stylus interaction (2014)

We explore grip and motion sensing to afford new techniques that leverage how users naturally manipulate tablet and stylus devices during pen + touch interaction. We can detect whether the user holds the pen in a writing grip or tucked between his fingers. We can distinguish bare-handed inputs, such as drag and pinch gestures produced by the nonpreferred hand, from touch gestures produced by the hand holding the pen, which necessarily impart a detectable motion signal to the stylus. We can sense which hand grips the tablet, and determine the screen's relative orientation to the pen. By selectively combining these signals and using them to complement one another, we can tailor interaction to the context, such as by ignoring unintentional touch inputs while writing, or supporting contextually-appropriate tools such as a magnifier for detailed stroke work that appears when the user pinches with the pen tucked between his fingers. These and other techniques can be used to impart new, previously unanticipated subtleties to pen + touch interaction on tablets.
A novel anti-CD146 antibody specifically targets cancer cells by internalizing the molecule (2017)

CD146 is an adhesion molecule present on many tumors (melanoma, kidney, pancreas, breast, ...). In addition, it has been shown to be expressed on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Generating an antibody able to specifically recognize CD146 in cancer cells (designated as tumor CD146), but not in normal cells, would thus be of major interest for targeting tumor CD146 without affecting the vascular system. We thus generated antibodies against the extracellular domain of the molecule produced in cancer cells and selected an antibody that specifically recognizes tumor CD146. This antibody (TsCD146 mAb) was able to detect CD146-positive tumors in human biopsies and <i>in vivo</i>, by PET imaging, in a murine xenograft model. In addition, TsCD146 mAb antibody was able to specifically detect CD146-positive cancer microparticles in the plasma of patients. TsCD146 mAb displayed also therapeutic effects since it was able to reduce the growth of human CD146-positive cancer cells xenografted in nude mice. This effect was due to a decrease in the proliferation and an increase in the apoptosis of CD146-positive cancer cells after TsCD146-mediated internalization of the cell surface CD146. Thus, TsCD146 mAb could be of major interest for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against CD146-positive tumors in a context of personalized medicine.
The Lectin-like Domain of Thrombomodulin Confers Protection from Neutrophil-mediated Tissue Damage by Suppressing Adhesion Molecule Expression via Nuclear Factor κB and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways (2002)

Thrombomodulin (TM) is a vascular endothelial cell (EC) receptor that is a cofactor for thrombin-mediated activation of the anticoagulant protein C. The extracellular NH(2)-terminal domain of TM has homology to C-type lectins that are involved in immune regulation. Using transgenic mice that lack this structure (TM(LeD/LeD)), we show that the lectin-like domain of TM interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to ECs by intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent and -independent pathways through the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)(1/2) activation. TM(LeD/LeD) mice have reduced survival after endotoxin exposure, accumulate more PMNs in their lungs, and develop larger infarcts after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The recombinant lectin-like domain of TM suppresses PMN adhesion to ECs, diminishes cytokine-induced increase in nuclear factor kappaB and activation of ERK(1/2), and rescues ECs from serum starvation, findings that may explain why plasma levels of soluble TM are inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease. These data suggest that TM has antiinflammatory properties in addition to its role in coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Ge-spacer technology in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for mm-wave applications (2006)

GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are the most promising option for power amplification at frequencies above 30 GHz. However, the difficult technology of nitride devices has hindered the aggressive scaling of these transistors needed for high frequency applications. Also, the need of a relatively thick passivation layer to avoid current collapse in these transistors has significantly limited the high frequency performance of the devices. In this paper, we introduces an advanced technology which uses a Ge sacrificial layer to fabricate passivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with gate lengths down to 90 nm, while maintaining a high breakdown voltage and minimum parasitic capacitances. Using these devices, we demonstrate record high frequency performance at both small and large signal levels
A Comprehensive Comparison of the Phase Change Material-Based Internal and External Cooling Systems (2020)

In this study, phase change material (PCM) is used internally and externally in managing the heat generation of cylindrical Li-ion batteries during high rate discharges. Both internal and external cooling systems are thoroughly compared in their cooling effect on batteries of different sizes (18650, 21700, and 26650) and radial thermal conductivities, their cooling effect on battery packs of different layers (2, 4, and 8 layers of batteries), the necessity using high thermally conductive PCM in the cooling systems, as well as their weight and volume added to the battery system. Results show that the internal cooling system is more suitable for high specific energy applications. It is less sensitive to the battery radial thermal conductivity and performs better for large battery packs and thick batteries. While the external cooling system is more space-saving and suitable for 2-layer battery packs with forced convection applied at the battery pack side walls. However, its performance deteriorates as the thermal conductivity of PCM and batteries decreases.
Preclinical Evaluation of In-111 and Ga-68 Labelled Minigastrin Analogues for CCK-2 Receptor Imaging (2009)

The development of a suitable radioligand for in vivo targeting CCK-2 receptor expressing tumours, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, is a major recent focus in the field of radiopharmacy. Initial developments using [DGlu1]minigastrin (MG0) derivatives showed high uptake by the kidneys resulting as the dose limiting organ for radiopeptide therapy. In this study we describe the comparison of the optimised shortened peptide analogues, [DOTA0,DGlu1,desGlu2-6]minigastrin (DOTA-minigastrin-11) with [DOTA0,DGlu1,desGlu2-6,Ile11]minigastrin (DOTAilegastrin), labelled with 111In and 68Ga. In vitro tests included stability in plasma and plasma protein binding. Internalisation and receptor binding assays using a CCK-2 receptor positive cell-line (AR4-2J, rat pancreatic tumour cells) were performed and biodistribution in AR4-2J tumour bearing nude mice was studied. DOTA-ilegastrin showed a superior stability in plasma in comparison with DOTA-minigastrin-11. 68Ga/111In-labelled DOTA-ilegastrin revealed, however, significantly reduced internalisation and lower receptor affinity than DOTAminigastrin- 11. For both radiologiands rapid renal excretion and low unspecific retention in most organs was observed. Tumour uptake of 111In/68Ga-DOTA-minigastrin-11 was much higher (4.9 and 5.7 %ID/g 1 h p.i.) compared to 111In/68Ga- DOTA-ilegastrin (1.2 and 1.0 %ID/g). Kidney retention was clearly lower for the short chain analogues as compared to MG0 derivatives. Tumour uptake could be reduced by more than 60% by coinjection of 50 μg human minigastrin. DOTA-minigastrin-11 showed considerably lower kidney uptake, but also higher metabolic instability as compared to MG0 derivatives. No relevant differences between 111In- and 68Ga-labelled derivatives were observed. Replacement of methionine with isoleucine lead to dramatic loss of receptor affinity. Keywords: Gallium-68, indium-111, minigastrin-11, CCK-2 receptors, medullary thyroid, carcinoma, peptide
A low-complexity rate-distortion model for motion estimation in H.263 (2002)

The ITU-T low-bit-rate video coding standard H.263 supports efficient transmission of digital video over narrow-band telecommunication channels. The standard provides an excellent framework for low bit rate video coding, and leaves substantial design flexibility for tasks such as motion estimation to the implementer. We propose an alternative to the sum of absolute difference (SAD) metric that is used as the criterion for identifying motion vectors in many video coding implementations. The SAD usually fails to identify the rate-distortion optimal motion vector for a block because it does not take into account of the number of bits used to code the motion vector. One solution which has been proposed in the past is to use the Lagrangian cost J=D+/spl lambda/R as the cost function in motion estimation. This allows near optimal motion vector search in the rate-distortion sense but is too complex to be used in a practical video coding system. We present an alternative motion estimation algorithm that considers rate-distortion trade-offs in a low complexity framework, resulting in both a higher coding efficiency and a faster encoding speed.
High-average-power 100-Hz repetition rate table-top soft x-ray lasers (2013)

The table-top generation of high average power coherent soft x-ray radiation in a compact set up is of high interest for numerous applications. We have demonstrated the generation of bright soft x-ray laser pulses at 100 Hz repetition rate with record-high average power from compact plasma amplifiers excited by an ultrafast diode-pumped solid state laser. Results of compact λ=18.9nm Ni-like Mo and λ=13.9nm Ni-like Ag lasers operating at 100 Hz repetition rate are discussed.
Structure of Cat Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and Identification of Amino Acid Residues of Potential Significance for Islet Amyloid Formation (1990)

Cats and humans, unlike most rodent species, develop amyloid in the islets of Langerhans in conjunction with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The amyloid consists of a 37-amino acid polypeptide referred to as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). The primary structures of IAPP from human and three rodent species have previously been determined. Sequence divergence was seen in the region corresponding to amino acid residues 20-29, which in human IAPP has been suggested to confer the amyloidogenic properties to the molecule. Using polymerase chain-reaction methodology, we determined the primary sequence of cat IAPP. Amino acid region 20-29 shows specific similarities and differences compared with human and rodent IAPP, respectively. A synthetic cat IAPP20-29 decapeptide formed amyloid fibrils spontaneously in vitro. Comparison between the structure and amyloid fibril-forming activity of various synthetic peptides suggests that the amino acid residues at positions 25-26 in mature IAPP are important for the amyloidogenic properties of the molecule.
A modular multilevel converter with half-bridge submodules for hybrid energy storage systems integrating battery and UltraCapacitor (2015)

In this paper, a modular multilevel converter (MMC) and the control algorithm are proposed for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that combine battery and UltraCapacitor (UC). Half bridges integrated with low voltage UC modules are utilized as the submodule of the converter, and the high voltage battery pack is put at dc bus. Compared to traditional HESS topologies and other MMCs for HESS applications, the proposed MMC increases the overall system efficiency, reduces the cost of dc side passive components, and is favorable for grid energy storage systems. The mathematical model of the converter is derived. A control algorithm to independently control the power from battery and UC is proposed. Real-time simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Detecting multiple slow-moving targets in SAR images (2005)

Ground moving target indication (GMTI) radars can detect slow-moving targets if their velocities are high enough to produce Doppler frequencies distinguishable from the surrounding stationary clutter. However, no reliable technique is currently available to detect targets that fall below the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of GMTI radars. Detecting slow moving targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has also not ceded a reliable solution. Reflected energy from the target is spread over many pixels in the image due to its motion, degenerating the detection process. The addition of clutter from surrounding stationary objects or ground features further complicates detection. Several techniques for SAR imaging of moving targets have been attempted. These techniques require pre-detection, which, in turn, requires sufficient signal-to-stationary ground clutter ratio (SCR). Other attempts such as adaptive, model-based approaches face exponential combinatorial complexity. Exponential computational cost results from having to consider a large number of combinations between multiple target models and the data. The dynamic logic algorithm (DLA) presented below detects multiple slow-moving targets simultaneously in SAR images with low signal-to-clutter ratio, no minimum velocity requirement, and without combinatorial complexity. The mathematics underlying the algorithm is based on biologically inspired signal processing concepts.
Radome Enhanced Antennas (2021)

Hybrid radome-antenna designs can enable novel applications and unique benefits that would be difficult to achieve with standalone radomes and antennas. Examples of such designs are provided which use simple antennas and novel radomes to reduce antenna size and weight, to generate and steer antenna beams without use of complex phased arrays and beam forming networks, and to enable precise direction finding with only two antenna elements.
Quantum-cascade lasers with emission wavelength 3-5 μm (2010)

Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) operating in the 3-5 μm spectral region are increasingly finding application in a number of areas including gas sensing for both environmental and medical uses, communication, and infrared countermeasures. QCLs emitting at wavelengths near 4 μm and below have been especially challenging, requiring a very large conduction band discontinuity, a small electron effective mass, but also a relatively mature materials system. The focus of this contribution is on our own QCL designs based on the use of strain compensation with very high levels of strain in the individual layers; barriers based on AlAs, wells on In<sub>0.73</sub>Ga<sub>0.27</sub>As, and the entire structure on average lattice-matched to InP. For more flexibility to control both strain and conduction band potential, "composite barriers" are used, composed of AlAs and A<sub>l0.5</sub>In<sub>0.5</sub>As. Indirect valleys within the well material that can limit the photon energy to the energy difference between these valleys and the lower laser state are also pushed to higher energy by using strained In<sub>0.73</sub>Ga<sub>0.27</sub>As wells. Combining these design components, we have produced QCLs emitting at wavelengths covering the entire range down to 3 μm. These lasers have demonstrated high power in narrow stripes at cryogenic as well as room temperatures together with excellent beam quality.
Current distribution effects in magnetoresistive tunnel junctions (1997)

The influence of an inhomogeneous current density on the (magneto)resistance of a ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet tunnel junction in the cross-strip geometry is analyzed using a finite element approach. The four-probe resistance is smaller than the actual resistance for electrode resistances (in the junction area) comparable to or higher than the junction resistance. Even negative four-probe resistances can be obtained. The apparent resistance change due to the junction magnetoresistive effect also decreases, but always remains positive. This results in unrealistically large apparent magnetoresistance ratios which can even approach infinity, which explains some recent experiments.
Human Rotavirus Studies in Volunteers: Determination of Infectious Dose and Serological Response to Infection (1986)

An unpassaged, safety-tested strain (CJN) of human rotavirus from a stool specimen of a hospitalized child was administered orally to 62 adult volunteers for determination of the dose required to produce infection with or without illness. Subjects ingested doses ranging from 9 X 10(-3) to 9 X 10(4) focus-forming units in buffered salt solution after consumption of 50 ml of 4% NaHCO3. The amount of virus in the inoculum required to cause infection (shedding of virus, seroconversion, or both) in study subjects was comparable to the minimum detectable in cultures of primary monkey kidney cells. Seventeen of 30 infected subjects became ill with doses equivalent to that required for infection. Although the preinoculation titers of serum neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus in study subjects ranged from less than 1:2 to 1:1,600, the concentration of serum antibody could not be correlated with protection from infection or illness in subjects given an infectious dose of virus.