gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic frameworks with potential for energy-efficient adsorptive separation of light hydrocarbons (2012)

The separation of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers in the 1–3 range is of great significance in the purification of natural gas, production of ethylene and propylene with the required 99.5%+ purity levels as feeds to polymerization reactors, and separation of ethyne from mixtures with ethylene. In this study the performances of a total of 19 different MOFs, carefully selected to span a wide range of functionalities, were evaluated for a variety of separation tasks. For all separation tasks investigated, MOFs with high density of open metal sites, CoMOF-74, MgMOF-74, and FeMOF-74, have significantly better separation potential than other MOFs, ZIFs or zeolites that have been suggested in the literature. Of particular significance is the possibility offered by CoMOF-74, MgMOF-74, and FeMOF-74 for “fractionating” a 6-component CH4/C2H2/C2H4/C2H6/C3H6/C3H8 mixture to yield individual pure components. Such separations are likely to have a significant industrial impact, resulting in significant energy savings when compared to current technologies that rely on distillation.
Learning discriminative temporal patterns in speech: development of novel TRAPS-like classifiers (2003)

Motivated by the temporal processing properties of human hearing, researchers have explored various methods to incorporate temporal and contextual information in ASR systems. One such approach, TempoRAl PatternS (TRAPS), takes temporal processing to the extreme and analyzes the energy pattern over long periods of time (500 ms to 1000 ms) within separate critical bands of speech. In this paper we extend the work on TRAPS by experimenting with two novel variants of TRAPS developed to address some shortcomings of the TRAPS classifiers. Both the Hidden Activation TRAPS (HATS) and Tonotopic MultiLayer Perceptrons (TMLP) require 84% less parameters than TRAPS but can achieve significant phone recognition error reduction when tested on the TIMIT corpus under clean, reverberant, and several noise conditions. In addition, the TMLP performs training in a single stage and does not require critical band level training targets. Using these variants, we find that approximately 20 discriminative temporal patterns per critical band is sufficient for good recognition performance. In combination with a conventional PLP system, these TRAPS variants achieve significant additional performance improvements.
Safety and side effects of i.v. immunoglobulin therapy. (1996)

The safety of i.v. immunoglobulin therapy, as compared to other therapeutic measures used in modern medicine today, is rather good. However, a number of side effects may become serious in patients at risk. Thanks to over 20 years of experience with i.v. immunoglobulins, we hope to soon be able to draw up a nearly complete list of potential side effects. In fact, knowledge of the possible side effects is essential when it comes to their prevention. The elderly, patients with kidney disease and arteriosclerotic patients, as well as IgA deficient recipients, are at risk, but may well receive i.v. immunoglobulins if certain prophylactic measures are taken or if the infusion speed and/or the total dosage given are properly adjusted. This article will deal with the major side effects of i.v. immunoglobulin therapy and their prevention.
Rapid Infection of Oral Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (1999)

The early events during infection with an immunodeficiency virus were followed by application of pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus atraumatically to the tonsils of macaques. Analyses by virologic assays and in situ hybridization revealed that the infection started locally in the tonsils, a mucosal-associated lymphoid organ, and quickly spread to other lymphoid tissues. At day 3, there were few infected cells, but then the number increased rapidly, reaching a high plateau between days 4 and 7. The infection was not detected in the dendritic cell-rich squamous epithelium to which the virus was applied; instead, it was primarily in CD4+ tonsillar T cells, close to the specialized antigen-transporting epithelium of the tonsillar crypts. Transport of the virus and immune-activating stimuli across this epithelium would allow mucosal lymphoid tissue to function in the atraumatic transmission of immunodeficiency viruses.
Layered video multicast using diversity embedded space time codes (2009)

In traditional wireless multicast systems, the system is optimized to provide high reliability to users with the worst channel conditions. However this results in a waste of available bandwidth for users with a good channel conditions. In particular for transmission of video, this wasted bandwidth can be used to deliver higher quality video to some of the users. This paper addresses this problem by using diversity embedded space time codes (DESTC) to send multiple layers of video simultaneously. DESTC provides unequal error protection to different video layers, thereby delivering high quality video to users with good channel conditions while still providing acceptable quality to users with poor channel conditions. The performance of DESTC is compared to a single-layer orthogonal space-time code used for single-layer video delivery as well as layered video delivery with time division multiplexing. The results show that the use of DESTC is advantageous over both strategies in multicast video delivery.
Clinical evaluation of free T4 techniques. (1986)

This paper describes the specificity and sensitivity performances of the new FT4 immunoextraction methods as compared to FT4I and sensitive TSH measurement. Only the Sclavo Lisophase, Clinical Assays 2 step, Spiria FT4, Mallinckrodt Spac ET and Abbott TDX methods offered improved diagnostic accuracy as compared to FT4I. The use of the albumin dependent analogue FT4 methods decreased test specificity and significantly increased laboratory costs relative to FT4I. Preliminary data is presented concerning the performance of a sensitive TSH assay in the clinical conditions where the diagnostic accuracy of FT4I is compromised. Diagnostic sensitivity for detection of "true" hypo and hyperthyroidism appears excellent as does test specificity when an appropriate reference range is selected. As the different tests had equivalent sensitivity for detection of "true" thyroid disease, a model was developed for the calculation of the relative laboratory cost effectiveness of using each test as a first line test of thyroid function. The model was constructed on the basis of reagent and technical costs, the prevalence of the clinical states, test specificity and the projected clinical and laboratory response to an abnormal result. The model suggested that the use of the albumin-dependent analogue methods would increase costs 3 fold compared to FT4I, whereas the use of the specific FT4 methods (Clinical Assays 2 step, Spiria FT4, Mallinckrodt Spac ET and Abbott TDX) would decrease costs 2 fold compared to FT4I. Sensitive TSH methods were projected to have equivalent or lower costs compared to the specific FT4 methods, depending on whether FT4I or specific FT4 was used as the confirmatory test. It thus appeared that sensitive TSH measurement may become the most cost effective first line test of thyroid function.
Use Of Chalcogenide Glass In Thermal Infrared Telescopes (1980)

Optical materials for the 8 - 13 micron waveband are discussed and a range of high performance infrared telescopes incorporating chalcogenide glass is described.
Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A-Induced B-Cell Survival in Two Unique Classes of EμLMP2A Transgenic Mice (2000)

Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is one of only two viral proteins expressed during latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in human peripheral B cells. LMP2A blocks B-cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction in vitro by modulation of the Syk and Lyn protein tyrosine kinases. Five genetically unique LMP2A transgenic mouse lines (EmuLMP2A) with B-cell lineage expression of LMP2A were generated in this study to analyze the importance of LMP2A expression in vivo. These animals can be grouped into EmuLMP2A(BCR+) (TgB, Tg6, and TgC) and EmuLMP2A(BCR-) (Tg7 and TgE) lines based on B-cell phenotype. LMP2A expression in bone marrow cells of EmuLMP2A(BCR-) lines was associated with a bypass of normal B-lymphocyte developmental checkpoints inasmuch as immunoglobulin light-chain gene rearrangement occurred in the absence of complete immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement. The resulting BCR-negative B cells were able to exit the bone marrow and colonize peripheral lymphoid organs. LMP2A expression in EmuLMP2A(BCR+) lines was not associated with altered B-cell development in a genetically wild-type background. When crossed into a recombinase activating null (RAG(-/-)) genetic background, LMP2A expression in either RAG(-/-) EmuLMP2A(BCR+) or RAG(-/-) EmuLMP2A(BCR-) animals was able to provide a survival signal to BCR-negative splenic B cells. Additionally, bone marrow cells from all EmuLMP2A animals were able to proliferate in response to interleukin-7-dependent developmental signals in vitro. These studies illustrate that LMP2A can provide a survival signal to BCR-negative B cells in two different groups of EmuLMP2A transgenic mice.
Response of cyclic AMP by DMSO differentiated HL‐60 cells exposed to electric interferential current after prestimulation (2004)

The action of interferential current (IFC) upon intracellular content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) after prestimulation with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) has been investigated. Human promyelocytes (HL-60) differentiated to granulocytes by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) have been treated with different concentrations of fMLP. This enhances their cAMP content. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) was about 4 nM. Exposure to IFC with modulation frequencies of 35 and 125 Hz (5 min, 250 microA/cm2) after prestimulation with various concentrations of fMLP had no enhancing effect at low or high concentrations of fMLP. In contrast, at medium concentrations in the range of about 100 pM fMLP, a significant enhancement of cAMP could be observed. This synergistic effect of fMLP and IFC has been examined in detail by varying the modulation frequency, current density, and exposure time. Enhancement of cAMP content could be observed at certain modulation frequencies and exposure times suggesting a window effect, whereas for the current density in the range measured (8.5 microA/cm2-2.5 mA/cm2) a constant enhancement could be observed. The synergistic effect of fMLP and IFC could only be observed in the treatment sequence of fMLP followed by IFC; an inverse sequence had no effect on the cAMP content. .
Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared. (1975)

Among 120 consecutive patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD) randomized to different treatments, those receiving maintenance doses of prednisone 20 mg daily (Pred), prednisone in doses given on alternate days and titrated to secure resolution of clinical and biochemical abnormalities (Pred-Titrad), or a combination of prednisone 10 mg and azathioprine 50 mg daily (Comb) survived and underwent resolution of clinical and biochemical features of disease more often than a control group receiving placebo or azathioprine 100 mg daily. Histological remission occurred significantly more often with Pred and Comb than with other regimens. Major side-effects of therapy were commoner with Pred than with Comb or Pred-Titrad, which did not differ. We conclude that Comb is the initial treatment of choice for CALD, since clinical, biochemical, and histological resolution of disease activity occurs as often as with Pred, whereas early side-effects are significantly less frequent.
A Flexible UMTS-WiMax Turbo Decoder Architecture (2008)

This work proposes a VLSI decoding architecture for concatenated convolutional codes. The novelty of this architecture is twofold: 1) the possibility to switch on-the-fly from the universal mobile telecommunication system turbo decoder to the WiMax duo-binary turbo decoder with a limited resources overhead compared to a single-mode WiMax architecture; and 2) the design of a parallel, collision free WiMax decoder architecture. Compared to two single-mode solutions, the proposed architecture achieves a complexity reduction of 17.1% and 27.3% in terms of logic and memory, respectively. The proposed, flexible architecture has been characterized in terms of performance and complexity on a 0.13-mum standard cell technology, and sustains a maximum throughput of more than 70 Mb/s.
Contorted Hexabenzocoronenes with Extended Heterocyclic Moieties Improve Visible-Light Absorption and Performance in Organic Solar Cells (2015)

The large band gaps of existing contorted hexabenzocoronene derivatives severely limit visible-light absorption, restricting the photocurrents generated by solar cells utilizing contorted hexabenzocoronene (cHBC). To decrease the band gap and improve the light-harvesting properties, we synthesized cHBC derivatives having extended heterocyclic moieties as peripheral substituents. Tetrabenzofuranyldibenzocoronene (cTBFDBC) and tetrabenzothienodibenzocoronene (cTBTDBC) both exhibit broader absorption of the solar spectrum compared to cHBC, with peak absorbances on the order of 105 cm–1 in the near-ultraviolet and in the visible. Planar-heterojunction organic solar cells comprising cTBFDBC or cTBTDBC as the donor and C70 as the acceptor surpass those having cHBC in photocurrent generation and power-conversion efficiency. Interestingly, devices containing cTBFDBC/C70 exhibit the highest photocurrents despite cTBTDBC having the smallest band gap of the three cHBC derivatives. X-ray reflectivity of the active layers indicates a rougher donor–acceptor interface when cTBFDBC is employed instead of the other two donors. Consistent with this observation, internal quantum efficiency spectra suggest improved charge transfer at the donor–acceptor interface when cTBFDBC—as opposed to cTBTDBC or cHBC—is used as the donor.
Study of design directions for lateral vehicle control (2002)

Lateral vehicle control for passenger cars, a vital control subsystem of automated highway systems (AHS), has been studied for several decades. Different reference systems have been examined for detecting the lateral vehicle displacement from the lane center. Implementations of 'look-down' reference systems, however, encountered practical constraints, limiting driving speed to approximately 20 m/s under realistic conditions. This paper presents new perspectives on design directions for lateral vehicle controllers under practical AHS conditions for a variety of reference systems. A number of experimental results support the findings of this study.
Protective Roles of Thymoquinone Nanoformulations: Potential Nanonutraceuticals in Human Diseases (2018)

The focus on nanotechnology for improved bioavailability and drug delivery is of increasing importance for control of different human diseases. Therefore, numerous nanoformulations have been developed for the oral bioavailability of different drugs. This review introduces applications of nanomedicine to enhance the biological activities of thymoquinone (TQ) to control different diseases in several in vivo studies as a preliminary investigation for human disease treatment with nano-TQ. Nano-TQ effectively augments the anticancer roles of doxorubicin by upregulation of P53 and downregulation of Bcl2 and potentiates paclitaxel's apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, nano-TQ protects against diabetes, inflammation, CNS, and hepatotoxicity, mainly by enhancement of organs' antioxidant status. We summarize the pros and cons of several FDA approved nanoparticle-based therapeutics and discuss the roadblocks in clinical translation, along with potential nano-TQ strategies to overcome these roadblocks. From this review, we can conclude that nano-TQ may be considered as a promising nutraceutical for human health.
Transketolase a of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1995)

Transketolase A was purified to apparent homogeneity from recombinant Escherichia coli K12 cells carrying the homologous cloned tktA gene on a pUC19-derived plasmid. These recombinant cells exhibited a transketolase activity in crude extracts of up to 9.7 U/mg compared to < or = 0.1 U/mg in wild-type cells. Transketolase A was purified from crude extracts of a recombinant strain by successive ammonium sulfate precipitations and two anion-exchange chromatography steps (Q-Sepharose FF, Fractogel EMD-DEAE column) and afforded an apparently homogeneous protein band on SDS/PAGE. The enzyme, both in its active and apoform, had a molecular mass of 145,000 Da (+/- 10,000 Da), judged by gel-filtration chromatography. Subunits of 73,000 Da (+/- 2000 Da) were determined on SDS/PAGE, thus, transketolase A most likely forms a homodimer. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the protein verified the identity with the cloned gene tktA. The specific activity of the purified enzyme, determined at 30 degrees C with the substrates xylulose 5-phosphate (donor of C2 compound) and ribose 5-phosphate (acceptor) at an optimal pH (50 mM glycylglycine, pH 8.5), was 50.4 U/mg. Km values for the substrates xylulose 5-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate were 160 microM and 1.4 mM, respectively. Km values for the other physiological substrates of transketolase A were 90 microM for erythrose 4-phosphate (best acceptor substrate), 2.1 mM for D,L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 1.1 mM for fructose 6-phosphate, and 4 mM for sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Hydroxypyruvate served as alternative donor (Km = 18 mM). Unphosphorylated acceptor compounds were formaldehyde (Km = 31 mM), glycolaldehyde (14 mM), D,L-glyceraldehyde (10 mM) and D-erythrose (150 mM). The enzyme was competitively inhibited by D-arabinose 5-phosphate (K = 6 mM at a concentration of 2.5 mM D-arabinose 5-phosphate) or by the chelating agent EDTA. The inactive apoform of transketolase A was yielded by dialysis against buffer containing 10 mM EDTA, thus removing the cofactors thiamine diphosphate and divalent cations. The reconstitution of the apoenzyme proceded faster in the presence of manganese ions (Kd = 7 microM at 10 microM thiamine diphosphate) than with other divalent cations.
GPS-aided recognition-based user tracking system with augmented reality in extreme large-scale areas (2011)

We present a recognition-based user tracking and augmented reality system that works in extreme large scale areas. The system will provide a user who captures an image of a building facade with precise location of the building and augmented information about the building. While GPS cannot provide information about camera poses, it is needed to aid reducing the searching ranges in image database. A patch-retrieval method is used for efficient computations and real-time camera pose recovery. With the patch matching as the prior information, the whole image matching can be done through propagations in an efficient way so that a more stable camera pose can be generated. Augmented information such as building names and locations are then delivered to the user. The proposed system mainly contains two parts, offline database building and online user tracking. The database is composed of images for different locations of interests. The locations are clustered into groups according to their UTM coordinates. An overlapped clustering method is used to cluster these locations in order to restrict the retrieval range and avoid ping pong effects. For each cluster, a vocabulary tree is built for searching the most similar view. On the tracking part, the rough location of the user is obtained from the GPS and the exact location and camera pose are calculated by querying patches of the captured image. The patch property makes the tracking robust to occlusions and dynamics in the scenes. Moreover, due to the overlapped clusters, the system simulates the "soft handoff" feature and avoid frequent swaps in memory resource. Experiments show that the proposed tracking and augmented reality system is efficient and robust in many cases.
Lack of therapeutic efficacy of an antibody to α <sub>4</sub> β <sub>7</sub> in SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques (2019)

Sustained virologic control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major goal of the HIV-1 cure field. A recent study reported that administration of an antibody against α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> induced durable virologic control after ART discontinuation in 100% of rhesus macaques infected with an attenuated strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) containing a stop codon in <i>nef</i> We performed similar studies in 50 rhesus macaques infected with wild-type, pathogenic SIVmac251. In animals that initiated ART during either acute or chronic infection, anti-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> antibody infusion had no detectable effect on the viral reservoir or viral rebound after ART discontinuation. These data demonstrate that anti-α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub> antibody administration did not provide therapeutic efficacy in the model of pathogenic SIVmac251 infection of rhesus macaques.
New clock feedthrough cancellation technique for analogue MOS switched-capacitor circuits (1982)

A new technique for minimising DC offsets caused by clock feedthrough in switched-capacitor circuits is presented. Unlike some techniques presented in the past, the clock feedthrough cancellation is dependent only on matching and the common mode rejection ratio of the op-amps. The technique is quite general and can be applied to most switched-capacitor circuits that use differential input op-amps.
CYCLISATION OF DIARYL COMPOUNDS WITH CHLOROSULFONIC ACID (1993)

Abstract Biphenyl(1) and other compounds of type PhXPh (X = O(19); S(30); NH(33); CH2(40); (CH2)2(41); (CH2)3(51); C(CH3)2(55) were reacted with chlorosulfonic acid. Under forcing conditions (100–150°C), compounds 1, 19, 33, 40, 41, and 55 afforded the cyclic sulfones (2,26,27,39, 43, and 63). Cyclisation occurred most readily with diphenylethane (41) to give the 7-membered sulfone (46). On the other hand, diphenylsulfide (30) and diphenylpropane (51) failed to give cyclic products, while 2,2-diphenylpropane (55) afforded only a low yield of the cyclic compound (63) among a mixture of uncyclised products (57, 61, 62). With chlorosulfonic acid under milder conditions, the substrates afforded mono-, di, tri- and tetra-sulfonyl chlorides which have been converted into 32 sulfonamides for screening as candidate medicinals and pesticides. The spectroscopic properties of selected compounds are briefly discussed with special reference to the orientation of sulfonation. Key Words: Biphenyldiphenyl compounds (PhXPhX = 0, S, NH5 (CH2) n , C(CH3)2)chlorosulfonation
B activation and clustering in ion-implanted Ge (2009)

Experimental studies about electrical activation and clustering of B implanted in crystalline Ge (c-Ge) are reported. To this aim, we structurally and electrically investigated c-Ge samples implanted at different temperatures with B at 35 keV in the high-concentration dopant regime (0.67–25×1020 B/cm3). We elucidated that a high level of damage, in the form of amorphous pockets, favors the electrical activation of the dopant, and a complete activation was achieved for properly chosen implant conditions. We found, by joining channeling measurements with the electrical ones, that the reason for incomplete B activation is the formation of B-Ge complexes with a well-defined stoichiometry of 1:8. The thermal stability of the B-doped samples, up to 550 °C, was also investigated. The tested stability demonstrates that the B clustering, responsible of B inactivity, is characterized by high binding energies and higher thermal budgets are needed to make them to dissolve. These studies, besides clarify the physical mechanisms by which B dopes Ge, can be helpful for the realization of ultrashallow junctions for the future generation devices.