gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of incoherent/coherent volume holographic interconnection systems (1992)

A previously described holographic interconnection system uses an array of self-coherent but mutually incoherent sources to generate a set of overlapping holograms in a photorefractive crystal. 1,2 In the current work, we assess the performance of this interconnection system experimentally. A linear array of self-coherent but mutually incoherent sources at visible wavelengths is generated by using an acousto-optic (AO) cell (TeO 2 ) and custom analog electronics. Mutual incoherence is obtained by super-imposing a set of diffraction gratings (one for each source) at different frequencies in the AO cell, so that each diffraction grating yields a frequency shift in the corresponding diffracted beam. We present experimental results in Fe:LiNbO 3 at 514.5 nm on the fidelity of the photorefractive interconnection in terms of diffraction efficiency, cross talk, and accuracy, as a function of both the number of multiplexed volume holograms and the degree of spatial overlap of the holograms. Some of these experimental results are compared with results obtained from simulation. The measured fidelity of this incoherent/coherent inter connection system is also compared to that of a fully coherent interconnection system.
Detection sensitivity enhancements for fluorescence imaging with multi-photon excitation microscopy (2002)

Multiphoton excitation microscopy (MPEM) offers several distinct advantages over laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). One is that the resolution and the thickness of the optical section are determined by the excitation beam; a confocal detection aperture is therefore unnecessary. This feature allows the photodetector to be relocated from its usual location in the descanned emission beam within a confocal scan head so as to directly intercept the emitted fluorescent signal emerging from the microscope. The enhancement in signal gained by changing from internal to whole area (external) detection in this way has been evaluated quantitatively. In particular, longitudinal chromatic aberration has been shown to reduce the efficiency of internal detection relative to external. Also, a novel optical design is described, which allows increased collection efficiency with MPEM by capturing light emitted away from the objective lens. Together, these two enhancements typically provide an improvement in efficiency of at least 4.5 times, and even greater inside thick and scattering specimens. Such improvements are crucial for extending the longevity of living preparations by minimizing phototoxic exposure during observation. They also enable deeper imaging inside specimens where signal loss by scattering has previously limited the obtainable sectioning depth.
Chain Growth Mechanism for Regioregular Nickel-Initiated Cross-Coupling Polymerizations (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTChain Growth Mechanism for Regioregular Nickel-Initiated Cross-Coupling PolymerizationsElena E. Sheina, Jinsong Liu, Mihaela Corina Iovu, Darin W. Laird, and Richard D. McCulloughView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 10, 3526–3528Publication Date (Web):April 20, 2004Publication History Received12 November 2003Revised2 April 2004Published online20 April 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0357063Copyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5145Altmetric-Citations479LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (68 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cross coupling reaction,Monomers,Organic polymers,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Selective use of multiple entropy models in audio coding (2008)

The use of multiple entropy models for Huffman or arithmetic coding is widely used to improve the compression efficiency of many algorithms when the source probability distribution varies. However, the use of multiple entropy models increases the memory requirements of both the encoder and decoder significantly. In this paper, we present an algorithm which maintains almost all of the compression gains of multiple entropy models for only a very small increase in memory over one which uses a single entropy model. This can be used for any entropy coding scheme such as Huffman or arithmetic coding. This is accomplished by employing multiple entropy models only for the most probable symbols and using fewer entropy models for the less probable symbols. We show that this algorithm reduces the audio coding bitrate by 5%–8% over an existing algorithm which uses the same amount of table memory by allowing effective switching of the entropy model being used as source statistics change over an audio transform block.
Formulation of deceleration behavior of an expert driver for automatic braking system (2008)

In order to develop more effective automatic braking system or other braking support system, comfort of drivers should be taken into account. In this paper, deceleration behaviors of an expert driver in car following will be formulated as an example of comfortable braking behavior. The difficulty of its formulation is how to extract characteristics of the deceleration behavior. Expert driverpsilas braking behavior will be formulated using our proposed indices representing driverpsilas perceptual risk of collision from visual input. It will be shown that smooth deceleration profiles will be uniformly generated with very simple calculation for wide range of approaching conditions. Brake initiation timing will be also modeled by brake judgment line based on the proposed indices.
Alda-1 Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice (2021)

Acute lung injury (ALI), a milder form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a leading cause of mortality in older adults with an increasing prevalence. Oxygen therapy, is a common treatment for ALI, involving exposure to a high concentration of oxygen. Unfortunately, hyperoxia induces the formation of reactive oxygen species which can cause an increase in 4-HNE (4-hydroxy 2 nonenal), a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) serves as an endogenous shield against oxidative stress-mediated damage by clearing 4-HNE. Alda-1 [(N-(1, 3 benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2, 6- dichloro-benzamide)], a small molecular activator of ALDH2, protects against reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress by promoting ALDH2 activity. As a result, Alda-1 shields against ischemic reperfusion injury, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms of Alda-1 in hyperoxia-induced ALI remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice implanted with Alzet pumps received Alda-1 in a sustained fashion while being exposed to hyperoxia for 48 h. The mice displayed suppressed immune cell infiltration, decreased protein leakage and alveolar permeability compared to controls. Mechanistic analysis shows that mice pretreated with Alda-1 also experience decreased oxidative stress and enhanced levels of p-Akt and mTOR pathway associated proteins. These results show that continuous delivery of Alda-1 protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice.
tRNA engineering for manipulating genetic code (2017)

In ribosomal translation, only 20 kinds of proteinogenic amino acids (pAAs), namely 19 l-amino acids and glycine, are exclusively incorporated into polypeptide chain. To overcome this limitation, various methods to introduce non-proteinogenic amino acids (npAAs) other than the 20 pAAs have been developed to date. However, the repertoire of amino acids that can be simultaneously introduced is still limited. Moreover, the efficiency of npAA incorporation is not always sufficient depending on their structures. Fidelity of translation is sometimes low due to misincorporation of competing pAAs and/or undesired translation termination. Here, we provide an overview of efforts to solve these issues, focusing on the engineering of tRNAs.
The Macrocidins:  Novel Cyclic Tetramic Acids with Herbicidal Activity Produced by <i>Phoma </i><i>m</i><i>acrostoma</i> (2003)

Field isolates of Phoma macrostoma were obtained from diseased Canada thistle growing in several geographically diverse regions. Bleaching and chlorotic symptoms were present on the infected plants. The isolates grown in liquid culture were found to produce phytotoxic metabolites which also caused bleaching when applied foliarly to several broadleaf species. Bioassay-directed isolation led to the discovery of macrocidins A and B, the first representatives of a new family of cyclic tetramic acids. This new chemotype may offer significant potential as a template for herbicide design.
Monolithic 128 &amp;#215; 128 InSb FPA's for staring infrared imaging systems (1983)

A 128 × 128 monolithic InSb array is developed for application in staring infrared imaging systems operating in the 3-5 µm spectral range. The array uses a 1.2 × 1.2 mil unit cell with a measured bucket capacity of about 500,000 carriers. Factors affecting bucket capacity are discussed. Thermal imagery was demonstrated with an experimental laboratory model operating at 30 frames/sec. A system MRT of 0.5°C, limited by preamplifier noise and offsets, was measured for a single frame of data. The theoretical NE Δ T for operation under ideal conditions is 0.04°C with no frame averaging.
7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2 <i>H</i> -1,2,4- triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- <i>b</i> ]pyridazine:  A Functionally Selective γ-Aminobutyric Acid <sub>A</sub> (GABA <sub>A</sub> ) α2/α3-Subtype Selective Agonist That Exhibits Potent Anxiolytic Activity but Is Not Sedating in Animal Models (2005)

There is increasing evidence that compounds with selectivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2- and/or alpha3-subtypes may retain the desirable anxiolytic activity of nonselective benzodiazepines but possess an improved side effect profile. Herein we describe a novel series of GABA(A) alpha2/alpha3 subtype-selective agonists leading to the identification of the development candidate 17, a nonsedating anxiolytic in preclinical animal assays.
Connexin 47 Mutations Increase Risk for Secondary Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer Treatment (2012)

Our findings challenge the view that secondary lymphedema is solely due to mechanical trauma and support the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility is an important risk factor for secondary lymphedema. A priori recognition of genetic risk (i) raises the potential for early detection and intervention for a high-risk group and (ii) allows the possibility of altering surgical approach and/or chemo- and radiation therapy, or direct medical treatment of secondary lymphedema with novel connexin-modifying drugs.
Reconstructing sub-wavelength features from the optical far-field of sparse images (2010)

We use compressed sensing to demonstrate the reconstruction of sub-wavelength features from the measured optical far-field of sparse images. The methods can be applied to non- optical microscopes, provided the information is sparse.
High-current-density field emitters based on arrays of carbon nanotube bundles (2005)

We have developed high-current density field emission sources using arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotube bundles. The field emission behavior of a variety of lithographically patterned array geometries was investigated and the arrays of 1-μm and 2-μm-diameter nanotube bundles spaced 5μm apart (edge-to-edge spacing) were identified as the most optimum combination, routinely producing 1.5–1.8A∕cm2 at low electric fields of approximately 4V∕μm, rising to &gt;6A∕cm2 at 20V∕μm over a ∼100-μm-diameter area. We have found that the field emission performance depends strongly on the bundle diameter and interbundle spacing and such arrays perform significantly better in field emission than ordered arrays of isolated nanotubes or dense, continuous mats of nanotubes previously reported in literature.
cDNA cloning and sequencing of human fibrillarin, a conserved nucleolar protein recognized by autoimmune antisera. (1991)

We have isolated a 1.1-kilobase cDNA clone that encodes human fibrillarin by screening a hepatoma library in parallel with DNA probes derived from the fibrillarin genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NOP1) and Xenopus laevis. RNA blot analysis indicates that the corresponding mRNA is approximately 1300 nucleotides in length. Human fibrillarin expressed in vitro migrates on SDS gels as a 36-kDa protein that is specifically immunoprecipitated by antisera from humans with scleroderma autoimmune disease. Human fibrillarin contains an amino-terminal repetitive domain approximately 75-80 amino acids in length that is rich in glycine and arginine residues and is similar to amino-terminal domains in the yeast and Xenopus fibrillarins. The occurrence of a putative RNA-binding domain and an RNP consensus sequence within the protein is consistent with the association of fibrillarin with small nucleolar RNAs. Protein sequence alignments show that 67% of amino acids from human fibrillarin are identical to those in yeast fibrillarin and that 81% are identical to those in Xenopus fibrillarin. This identity suggests the evolutionary conservation of an important function early in the pathway for ribosome biosynthesis.
<title>Laser helmet-mounted sight</title> (1995)

A laser diode measurement concept is described that can be effectively used in a helmet mounted sight system; it offers a factor of 5 resolution improvement over conventional optical sensing techniques. It also has no moving parts and eliminates the compensation problems associated with helmet mounted metal in magnetic approaches. In the laser helmet mounted sight approach, the feedback from a helmet mounted reflector interacts with an airframe mounted diode to form a 3 mirror laser cavity; this semi-conductor laser cavity technique is used to provide 20 micrometers range resolution for the triangulation of fixed reflection points on the helmet. Geometric and radiometric models have been developed that show the feasibility of this approach. Geometric models include a discussion of resolution requirements. Radiometric models include a discussion of the laser cavity conceptual approach and a performance analysis of resolution and detectability.
A Study of the Radiation Characteristics of an Origami Enabled MIMO Antenna (2019)

In this work, a reconfigurable Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. The effects of folding on the radiation characteristics of this antenna are investigated. As a proof-of-concept, an eight element MIMO antenna is created using microstrip dipoles operating at 2.4 GHz. The antenna is implemented on a 3D printed modified scissor lift mechanism which allows the antenna characteristics to be varied as a function of inter-element spacing. The linearly polarized elements are sufficiently isolated by employing polarization diversity.
High sensitivity, high resolution physical mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization on to individual straightened DNA molecules (1996)

High resolution physical mapping of clonal DNA fragments with kilobase (kb) resolution can now be performed rapidly by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) onto individual DNA molecules (DNA fibers). We developed a sensitive procedure termed 'quantitative DNA fiber mapping' which consists of three steps: preparation of DNA fibers, hybridization of non-isotopically labeled probes and determination of the relative mapping position by fluorescence image analysis. The DNA fibers are produced by binding linearized DNA molecules with one or both ends to a solid substrate followed by homogeneous stretching of the molecule by the action of a receding meniscus during drying ('molecular combing'). In a slight variation of this protocol, we deposit circular DNA molecules. Substrates for DNA immobilization are glass slides, coverslips or thin sheets of mica derivatized with amino-silane. Probes are prepared to counterstain the DNA fibers, from the clones to be mapped and for specific landmarks along linear or circular DNA molecules such as cloning vector sequences. Following hybridization and immunocytochemical detection of bound probes, images are analysed and relative distances are recorded for map assembly. Here, we describe our experience with substrate preparation, molecular combing and mapping of cloned or enzymatically synthesized probes ranging in size from 1.2 kb to 100 kb along DNA molecules that are between 17 kb and 1200 kb in size.
Two-Dimensional Diffractive Coherent Beam Combining (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. A. Thielen, J. G. Ho, D. A. Burchman, G. D. Goodno, J. E. Rothenberg, M. G. Wickham, A. Flores, C. A. Lu, B. Pulford, C. Robin, A. D. Sanchez, D. Hult, and K. B. Rowland, "Two-Dimensional Diffractive Coherent Beam Combining," in Lasers, Sources, and Related Photonic Devices, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper AM3A.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Flexible Polymer Optical Waveguide for Si Photonics Interface (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Takenobu, T. Okada, S. Ohara, T. Barwicz, Y. Taira, T. Sayama, and N. Imajyo, "Flexible Polymer Optical Waveguide for Si Photonics Interface," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper Th3F.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Coherent data alignment and baseline calibration for improved two-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (2003)

Currently, two principal operation modes are utilized by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) systems for data collection. The first mode is a one-antenna, two-pass IFSAR operation mode, where the aircraft platform possesses a single antenna and flies by the scene of interest twice collecting data. The two-antenna, one-pass IFSAR operation mode is the second mode, in which the aircraft platform possesses two antennas and flies by the scene of interest once while collecting data. Each one of these IFSAR operation modes possesses certain strengths and weaknesses. The one-antenna, two-pass mode allows for large baselines but suffers from imprecise knowledge of the baseline length, and consequently does not possess accurate target height scaling. Alternatively, the two-antenna, one-pass mode allows for precise knowledge of baseline length, but often at the expense of a limited baseline length, and consequently suffers from increased height noise. We describe an innovative IFSAR operation mode for overcoming these weaknesses by combining the two current IFSAR operation modes into a new two-antenna, two-pass IFSAR operation mode. By accurately estimating the antenna baseline between the two flight passes from the data itself, target height scaling accuracies are improved to the equivalent of a two-antenna, one-pass IFSAR system with the height-noise performance commensurate with the larger baseline. This, in turn, allows for more accurate information about target ground position locations and heights.
Intratype variation in 12 human papillomavirus types: a worldwide perspective (1996)

In this study, we have examined intratype human papillomavirus (HPV) sequence variation in a worldwide collection of cervical specimens. Twelve different HPV types including HPV-18, HPV-33, HPV-35, HPV-39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-58, HPV-59, HPV-68 (ME180), MM9/PAP238A (recently designated HPV-73), and a novel partial genomic HPV sequence designated MM4/Wl3B were analyzed in this study. Cervical specimens were collected as part of epidemiological investigations conducted in New Mexico and an international study of invasive cervical cancer (IBSCC). Specimens from several countries including Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Benin, Cuba, Colombia, Chile, Germany, Mali, Panama, Paraguay, Spain, Algeria, Uganda, Guinea, Tanzania, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and the United States were evaluated. Specimen DNAs were subjected to amplification with the MY09/11 L1 consensus PCR system. The PCR products were cloned, and an approximately 410-bp region in the L1 open reading frame was sequenced from 146 specimens (approximately 60,000 bp). Within a single HPV type, nucleotide diversity varied between 0.2 and 2.9% (i.e., between any pair of variants) and the majority of nucleotide changes were synonymous (amino acid conserving). These data provide information pertinent to HPV diagnostic probe development and are potentially relevant to future rational vaccine strategies. Similarly, amino acid diversity varied between 0 and 5.1%. Some of these amino acid changes may represent markers of intertype evolutionary relationships. Presuming that HPVs have evolved under the same constraints as their corresponding hosts, the limited genetic diversity observed for all HPVs studied to date may reflect an evolutionary bottleneck occurring in both virus and host populations.
Scintillation properties of Eu<sup>2&#x002B;</sup>-activated barium fluoroiodide (2009)

The scintillation properties of powders and single-crystals of BaFI doped with Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> are presented. Single crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman technique. Under optical and X-ray excitation, the samples exhibit a narrow Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> 5d-4f transition emission centered at 405 nm. The scintillation light output is estimated to be 55,000±5,000 photons/MeV at 662 keV with 85% of the light decaying within 600 ns. An energy resolution of 8.5% full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been achieved using this scintillator for 662 keV excitation ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source) at room temperature.
Near perfect solar energy conversion for vapor generation (2019)

We demonstrate a strategy to realize ~ 100% efficiency for solar vapor generation by managing the energy flow, and to further enhance the evaporation by taking energy from the warmer environment. © 2019 The Author(s)