gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Charging of an Electric Vehicle using a Markov Decision Process (2013)

The combination of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy is taking shape as a potential driver for a future free of fossil fuels. However, the efficient management of the EV fleet is not exempt from challenges. It calls for the involvement of all actors directly or indirectly related to the energy and transportation sectors, ranging from governments, automakers and transmission system operators, to the ultimate beneficiary of the change: the end-user. An EV is primarily to be used to satisfy driving needs, and accordingly charging policies must be designed primarily for this purpose. The charging models presented in the technical literature, however, overlook the stochastic nature of driving patterns. Here we introduce an efficient stochastic dynamic programming model to optimally charge an EV while accounting for the uncertainty inherent to its use. With this aim in mind, driving patterns are described by an inhomogeneous Markov model that is fitted using data collected from the utilization of an EV. We show that the randomness intrinsic to driving needs has a substantial impact on the charging strategy to be implemented.
Anthropology and Africa: changing perspectives on a changing scene (1995)

No one working in Africa today or studying Africa in any discipline whatever can afford to ignore the anthropological literature. It has long been the foundational background for a variety of African studies. However, there has never been a succinct historical description of the way the Africanist field has evolved in anthropology, together with a broad bibliographical guide. This book supplies that basic information. But it does more It reviews the field as a controversial history of ideas. African studies in anthropology throw light on the way Anglo-Europeans and Americans have conceived of the rest of the world and the way academic disciplines have changed in this century.
Silicon Photonic MZM Architectures for 200G per Lambda IM/DD Transmission (2021)

We review design considerations for silicon photonic single-segment and multi-segment Mach-Zehnder modulators for net 200 Gbit/s/lane intensity modulation direct detection applications. We consider constraints from both the technology and future standards.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in Mice to Determine Aneurysm Dimensions (2019)

Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been widely used to measure aortic dimensions in mouse models of aortic aneurysms. Aortic aneurysms are defined as permanent dilations of the aorta, which occur most frequently in the ascending and abdominal regions. Sequential measurements of aortic dimensions by ultrasound are the principal approach for assessing the development and progression of aortic aneurysms in vivo. Although many reported studies used ultrasound imaging to measure aortic diameters as a primary endpoint, there are confounding factors, such as probe position and cardiac cycle, that may impact the accuracy of data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a practical guide on the use of ultrasound to measure the aortic diameter in a reliable and reproducible manner. This protocol introduces the preparation of mice and instruments, the acquisition of appropriate ultrasound images, and data analysis.
<title>Pulsed magnetic field actuation of single-crystalline ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga</title> (2002)

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys can exhibit magnetic-field-induced strains of several percent at room temperature. These strains have been shown to correlate with the motion of twin boundaries in the crystals. Twin boundaries advance by the motion of stacking faults along the twin boundary. Such mechanical defects have as an upper limit of their velocity, the speed of sound. It is an important matter to understand the mobility of twin boundaries in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys from a scientific perspective. Namely, how does their velocity depend on field strength, crystal structure and perfection, what are the roles of inertia and threshold field, and does the velocity ever approach anything like the speed of sound. From a practical point of view, it is important to know the twin boundary dynamics in order to understand the bandwidth capabilities of these new active materials as well as their response to different field wave forms that may optimize the response for particular applications. In the present paper we describe a pulse field experimental setup and preliminary results that begin to address the issues raised above.
2-D wavepath migration (2001)

Abstract Prestack Kirchhoff migration (KM) is computationally intensive for iterative velocity analysis. This is partly because each time sample in a trace must be smeared along a quasi-ellipsoid in the model. As a less costly alternative, we use the stationary phase approximation to the KM integral so that the time sample is smeared along a small Fresnel zone portion of the quasi-ellipsoid. This is equivalent to smearing the time samples in a trace over a 1.5-D fat ray (i.e., wavepath), so we call this “wavepath migration” (WM). This compares to standard KM, which smears the energy in a trace along a 3-D volume of quasi-concentric ellipsoids. In principle, single trace migration with WM has a computational count of O(N1.5) compared to KM, which has a computational count of O(N3), where N is the number of grid points along one side of a cubic velocity model. Our results with poststack data show that WM produces an image that in some places contains fewer migration artifacts and is about as well resolved as the KM image. For a 2-D poststack migration example, the computation time of WM is less than one-third that of KM. Our results with prestack data show that WM images contain fewer migration artifacts and can define the complex structure more accurately. It is also shown that WM can be significantly faster than KM if a slant stack technique is used in the migration. The drawback with WM is that it is sometimes less robust than KM because of its sensitivity to errors in estimating the incidence angles of the reflections.
Snag'em: Creating Community Connections through Games (2011)

It is difficult for new community members to make the connections that would be most beneficial to them - connections with seasoned members of the community, or members of other groups. To address this problem, we have created Snag'em, a web-based social networking game that helps people create, monitor, and strengthen connections with one another. In contrast to existing social games, Snag'em facilitates offline interaction to create an online social network. This paper discusses the design of Snag'em, the use of game mechanics to engage academic community members in social interaction, and the results of two preliminary studies along with the design implications of each.
Novel formulation of RNase and DNAse employing unique nanospheres to allow oral drug delivery and demonstrate anticancer activity. (2015)

e18546 Background: RNase has been used previously for anticancer therapy and has demonstrated some activity mainly in mesothelioma patients. In cancer models DNAse has also demonstrated anticancer activity. A possible limitation of the current I.V. delivered enzymes is their relatively limited half-life. We have therefor used a novel nanoparticle based therapy which allows oral protein delivery for these drugs. Methods: We used colonies of mice with Tumor graft (Champions TumorGrafts model) obtained from lung cancer patients. Nano spheres loaded with DNAse and RNAse (Oshadi D and R) were used alone or as an addition to chemotherapy to treat these mice. Later 4 patients harboring progressive mesothelioma were compassionately treated by with a similar formulation. Results: Treatment of mice harboring 4 different tumor graft demonstrated significant activity of the Oshadi D and R formulation alone. Furthermore in the 3 models tested for effect of the combination of Oshadi D and R with standard chemotherapy there was an additive effect of this formulation when delivered orally to the chemotherapeutic effect. The progression free survival duration of the three patients that were treated only with Oshadi D and R was 14 to 18 months. During the treatment patients had active life with improved quality of life. A fourth patient treated with Oshadi D and R combined with reduced dose of Pemetrexed continues treatment with a good quality of life (already 30 months). Conclusions: The results are intriguing and suggest that the use of oral delivery nuclease has a potential in cancer treatments. We have therefore initiated phase II trials for NSCLC and mesothelioma. Clinical trial information: NCT01201018.
UK spies promise to use AI and biometrics ‘ethically’ (2021)

Britain's main intelligence agency, GCHQ, has surprisingly backed rights campaigners’ calls for AI and biometrics to be used ethically while protecting privacy, reports Tim Ring.
Migration of human melanoma cells depends on extracellular pH and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange (2005)

Their glycolytic metabolism imposes an increased acid load upon tumour cells. The surplus protons are extruded by the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) which causes an extracellular acidification. It is not yet known by what mechanism extracellular pH (pHe) and NHE activity affect tumour cell migration and thus metastasis. We studied the impact of pHe and NHE activity on the motility of human melanoma (MV3) cells. Cells were seeded on/in collagen I matrices. Migration was monitored employing time lapse video microscopy and then quantified as the movement of the cell centre. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured fluorometrically. Cell-matrix interactions were tested in cell adhesion assays and by the displacement of microbeads inside a collagen matrix. Migration depended on the integrin alpha2beta1. Cells reached their maximum motility at pHe approximately 7.0. They hardly migrated at pHe 6.6 or 7.5, when NHE was inhibited, or when NHE activity was stimulated by loading cells with propionic acid. These procedures also caused characteristic changes in cell morphology and pHi. The changes in pHi, however, did not account for the changes in morphology and migratory behaviour. Migration and morphology more likely correlate with the strength of cell-matrix interactions. Adhesion was the strongest at pHe 6.6. It weakened at basic pHe, upon NHE inhibition, or upon blockage of the integrin alpha2beta1. We propose that pHe and NHE activity affect migration of human melanoma cells by modulating cell-matrix interactions. Migration is hindered when the interaction is too strong (acidic pHe) or too weak (alkaline pHe or NHE inhibition).
Binary and Ternary Atomic Layers Built from Carbon, Boron, and Nitrogen (2012)

Two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers derived from bulk layered materials are very interesting from both scientific and application viewpoints, as evidenced from the story of graphene. Atomic layers of several such materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and dichalcogenides are examples that complement graphene. The observed unconventional properties of graphene has triggered interest in doping the hexagonal honeycomb lattice of graphene with atoms such as boron (B) and nitrogen (N) to obtain new layered structures. Individual atomic layers containing B, C, and N of various compositions conform to several stable phases in the three-component phase diagram of B-C-N. Additionally, stacking layers built from C and BN allows for the engineering of new van-der-Waals stacked materials with novel properties. In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and properties of atomically thin layers, containing B, C, and N, as well as vertically assembled graphene/h-BN stacks are reviewed. The electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene, h-BN, and their hybrid structure are also discussed along with the applications of such materials.
Mega‐cone blue LEDs based on ZnO/GaN direct wafer bonding (2007)

Abstract The cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1].
The cardiorespiratory effects of oral terbutaline and an ephedrine-theophylline-phenobarbital combination: comparison in patients with chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders. (1978)

Initial responses and changes in baseline after two-week treatments with a sustained release ephedrine-theophylline-phenobarbital (ETP) tablet and terbutaline tablets were studied in a double-blind crossover trial for 20 patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases. At the 12th hour after the second dose of terbutaline both drugs were active with mean changes at four and eight hours favoring ETP. After two weeks of treatment improvement in baseline functions also favored the combination. Although terbutaline was effective, ETP was the superior bronchodilator with a later peak response, greater magnitude of improvement and longer duration of action. The differences suggest the advantage of reinforcing ephedrine with a methylxanthine derivative.
A practical analysis for coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra (1979)

Abstract In coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra for condensed phases, the shape and position of an isolated line depend on the Raman cross‐section, the linewidth, the vibrational frequency and the nonresonant electronic susceptibility. Equations are presented here which relate these quantities to the measured maximum and minimum intesities and the associated frequency shifts, ω L — ω s . In the case of electronic resonance enhancement, where the Raman amplitude has real and imaginary parts, a complete analysis was obtained using the intensity I mid measured at the mid‐frequency between the extrema as the fifth known quantity. However, when the electronic susceptibility is also complex, it is a completely general result that its real and imaginary parts are mixed with those for the Raman amplitude so that only certain combinations of quantities can be obtained. Equations are also presented to correct for the interference resulting from neighboring lines. The derivations are based on perturbation theory expressions for the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility χ (3) , and the results are interpreted in terms of susceptibility plots in the complex plane.
Yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) methionine aminopeptidase I: rapid purification and improved activity assay (1999)

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP), in two isoenzymic forms, is responsible for hydrolysis of the initiator methionine residues from the majority of newly synthesized proteins. It is an essential gene product and is ubiquitously found in archaea, eubacteria, and lower and higher eukaryotes. MetAP also has a potentially important role in the production of recombinant proteins, since failure to correctly remove initiator methionine residues can result in a product that is inactive or immunogenic. A rapid two-step purification of recombinant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) MetAP I that produces a product that is more than 95% pure and maintains a high level of activity (kcat 320-1556 min-1) has been developed. In addition, a versatile, accurate and sensitive assay for MetAP activity is presented. In contrast with previous methods, which usually use short tripeptides and require a post-reaction derivatization step, this assay uses peptides ranging in size from four to eight residues and utilizes UV detection of a tryptophan residue at the C-terminus. As little as 1 pmol of yeast MetAP I can be detected, with 5 microM peptide in a 100 microl reaction. The combination of a rapid purification protocol and a significantly improved activity assay will allow for a detailed examination of MetAP structure-function relationships and may lead to improved enzyme reagents for use in recombinant-protein production.
Human Identification Using MIMO Array (2018)

This paper proposes a method of using a microwave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array to recognize different people; it allows smart home applications to dispense with contact and wearable devices. This method captures and processes the time-variant channel generated by a human body present within the field of an MIMO antenna. The time-variant channel is measured, and the spatial and temporal correlation is used for identification by comparing the captured data to reference data. The proposed method identifies the subject as the registrant with maximum correlation. Experiments involving eight known subjects and four imposters demonstrate that the proposed method offers accurate identification with no false positives. The results show that an 8 × 8 array can achieve the equal error rate of 0% when the number of identification channels is five and above.
Hybrid analysis (2002)

We present a novel Hybrid Analysis technology which can efficiently and seamlessly integrate all static and run-time analysis of memory references into a single framework that is capable of performing all data dependence analysis and can generate necessary information for most associated memory related optimizations. We use HA to perform automatic parallelization by extracting run-time assertions from any loop and generating appropriate run-time tests that range from a low cost scalar comparison to a full, reference by reference run-time analysis. Moreover we can order the run-time tests in increasing order of complexity (overhead) and thus risk the minimum necessary overhead. We accomplish this by both extending compile time IP analysis techniques and by incorporating speculative run-time techniques when necessary. Our solution is to bridge 'free' compile time techniques with exhaustive run-time techniques through a continuum of simple to complex solutions. We have implemented our framework in the Polaris compiler by introducing an innovative intermediate representation called RT_LMAD and a run-time library that can operate on it. Based on the experimental results obtained to date we hope to to automatically parallelize most and possibly all PERFECT codes, a significant accomplishment.
Enantioselectivity Enhancement in the Deacylation of <i>N</i>-Acyl Amino Acid Esters by Vesicular Systems of Long Chain Dipeptide Nucleophiles and a Cationic Double Chain Surfactant (1984)

Abstract The enantioselective deacylation of short chain and long chain N-acyl amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters, CH3(CH2)nCONH\overset*CH(R)–CO2C6H4NO2-p (R=C6H5CH2, (CH3)2CHCH2, CH3; n=0, 8, 12), was carried out at 4–25°C (pH 7.68) with the vesicular systems composed of N,N-didodecyl-N,Ndimethylammonium bromide and long chain nucleophiles, Nα-dodecanoyl-l-histidine, Nα-(N-dodecanoyl-l-leucyl)-l-histidine(3a), Nα-(N-dodecanoyl-l-phenylalanyl)-l-histidine (3b), and N-(Nα-dodecanoyl-l-histidyl)-l-leucine (3c). Both the deacylation rate and the enantioselectivity were the largest in the deacylation of the substrates possessing a long N-acyl chain (n=8) with the efficient dipeptide nucleophiles (3a and 3b) including the l-histidine moiety in their terminal position, and the neighboring amino acid binding to the l-histidine in 3a, 3b, and/or 3c was found to play an important role in the enhancement of enantioselectivity. The lowering of the reaction temperature decreased the deacylation rate and increased the enantioselectivity. The maximum enantiomer rate ratio of 24.5 was obtained in the deacylation of p-nitrophenyl N-dodecanoylphenylalaninates with the dipeptide nucleophile 3b. The characteristic features of the present reaction are discussed on the basis of kinetic parameters (binding constants and activation parameters) and isokinetic relationships.
Hyaluronan injection in murine osteoarthritis prevents TGFbeta 1-induced synovial neovascularization and fibrosis and maintains articular cartilage integrity by a CD44-dependent mechanism (2012)

The injection of HA, 24 h after TGFbeta1 injection, inhibited the cascade of OA-like joint changes seen after treadmill use in the TTR model of OA. In terms of mechanism, tissue protection by HA injection was abrogated by Cd44 ablation, suggesting that interaction of the injected HA with CD44 is central to its protective effects on joint tissue remodeling and degeneration in OA progression.
Observation of the Spin-Based Plasmonic Effect in Nanoscale Structures (2008)

Observation of surface-plasmon phenomena that are dependent upon the handedness of the circularly polarized incident light (spin) is presented. The polarization-dependent near-field intensity distribution obtained in our experiment is attributed to the presence of a geometric phase arising from the interaction of light with an anisotropic and inhomogeneous nanoscale structure. A near-field vortex surface mode with a spin-dependent topological charge was obtained in a plasmonic microcavity. The remarkable phenomenon of polarization-sensitive focusing in a plasmonic structure was also demonstrated.
Pantomography in assessment of the osteoporosis risk group (1994)

The diagnostic efficacies of three panoramic‐based indices were compared with classification of bone mineral density by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. The panoramic indices were 1) cortical bone height, 2) an ordinal classification, and 3) the Panoramic Mandibular Index. The results indicate that panoramic dental radiographs should not be used to assess the patient's status regarding osteoporosis, although the means of the variables in different mineral density groups of skeleton may differ significantly.
How to promote the standardization of colorectal cancer surgical practice based upon the data analysis of Chinese Colorectal Cancer Surgery Database (2020)

China has the largest group of patients with colorectal cancer in the world, however, there are few international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer from China, or research of high-level evidence in China. In recent years, colorectal surgery has developed rapidly in China, and great progress has been made both in clinical practice and in clinical research. But there are still many imbalances and under-regulations. In 2018, Chinese Society of Colorectal Surgery led the establishment of Chinese Colorectal Cancer Surgery Database (CCCD). The retrospective and prospective data collection coming from CCCD showed that the standardization of colorectal cancer surgery and data management needed to be improved, and the awareness of clinical research needed to be further improved. Therefore, how to carry out good clinical research and obtain high-level evidence based upon CCCD will be the great challenge for colorectal surgery in China.


Key words: 
Colorectal neoplasms; Standardization; Registry database; Data collection; Clinical research
Blending between right circular cylinders with parabolic cyclides (2000)

There are right circular cylinders touching a parabolic cyclide along a curve, and all the cylinders have the same point of contact with the cyclide. So a pair of cylinders with a point of contact are blended by a parabolic cyclide. In this paper, a method for blending between a pair of right circular cylinders with a parabolic cyclide is presented. A blend with a parabolic cyclide is a kind of variable-radius rolling-ball blend. The contour lines of the blending surface are central conics.