gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Protective Effect of Erythropoietin on Diabetic Retinal Cells Using Molecular Hyperspectral Imaging Technology (2010)

A molecular hyperspectral imaging (MHI) system was developed to evaluate the protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on early diabetic retinopathy in rats. The system was used to capture hyperspectral images of rat retinal sections selected from three groups: normal control, diabetic, and EPO. Three biochemical parameters were defined, namely, the spectral transmittance index, thickness of outer nuclear layer, and cell area percentage. The corresponding algorithms to calculate these were likewise presented. Experimental results show that, after treatment, the newly defined biochemical parameters of the EPO group become more similar to those of the normal control group compared with those of the diabetic group. This indicates that, to some degree, EPO provides protective effects on the retinal cells of chemically induced diabetic rats after it is injected intravitreally at the onset of diabetes. The results likewise show that the MHI system could provide useful quantitative information regarding retinal sections, which ophthalmologists can use to determine the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and evaluate the protective effect of EPO on diabetic retinal cells.
A Processive Protein Chimera Introduces Mutations across Defined DNA Regions <i>In Vivo</i> (2018)

Laboratory time scale evolution in vivo relies on the generation of large, mutationally diverse gene libraries to rapidly explore biomolecule sequence landscapes. Traditional global mutagenesis methods are problematic because they introduce many off-target mutations that are often lethal and can engender false positives. We report the development and application of the MutaT7 chimera, a potent and highly targeted in vivo mutagenesis agent. MutaT7 utilizes a DNA-damaging cytidine deaminase fused to a processive RNA polymerase to continuously direct mutations to specific, well-defined DNA regions of any relevant length. MutaT7 thus provides a mechanism for in vivo targeted mutagenesis across multi-kb DNA sequences. MutaT7 should prove useful in diverse organisms, opening the door to new types of in vivo evolution experiments.
Airway Inflammation, Bronchial Reactivity and Asthma (1993)

Asthma is a common disease of children the basis of which is a state of chronic immunological inflammation which causes bronchial hyperreactivity and renders the patient liable to develop widespread airways obstruction in response to a variety of stimuli. In many instances it is likely that the immunological inflammation results from ongoing antigenic stimuli with the release of chemical mediators responsible for short term bronchospasm and cytokines responsible for the ongoing inflammatory process. Other insults can apparently result in very similar immunological events in asthmatics, particularly viral infections and a similar process can be initiated in children without asthma, including those with chronic bacterial infections of the lungs. There are differences in the bronchial hyperreactivity of asthma and other diseases which suggest that in the asthmatic the mast cell is either different structurally or functionally and this renders the patient susceptible to exercise induced asthma in addition to the bronchial hyperreactivity to chemical mediators common to a number of diseases with hyperreactivity. There is good evidence of direct genetic control of atopy and the large majority of children with asthma are atopic but there is no direct genetic link between atopy and asthma and twin studies strongly suggest the existence of a 'permissive' asthma gene which will allow the disease to develop if there is an appropriate external trigger. The only drugs which have been shown to significantly reduce bronchial reactivity are the corticosteroids with a lesser effect noted for sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil. Inhaled corticosteroids can reverse the immunologic inflammatory process and reduce bronchial reactivity, sometimes to normal levels, but on stopping treatment the patient reverts back to the asthmatic state. At the present time it appears that controlled longterm inhaled corticosteroid therapy is the most rational treatment for significant perennial childhood asthma.
Concise Review: Mind the Gap: Challenges in Characterizing and Quantifying Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapies for Clinical Translation (2010)

There are many challenges associated with characterizing and quantifying cells for use in cell- and tissue-based therapies. From a regulatory perspective, these advanced treatments must not only be safe and effective but also be made by high-quality manufacturing processes that allow for on-time delivery of viable products. Although sterility assays can be adapted from conventional bioprocessing, cell- and tissue-based therapies require more stringent safety assessments, especially in relation to use of animal products, immune reaction, and potential instability due to extended culture times. Furthermore, cell manufacturers who plan to use human embryonic stem cells in their therapies need to be particularly stringent in their final purification steps, due to the unrestricted growth potential of these cells. This review summarizes the current issues in characterization and quantification for cell- and tissue-based therapies, dividing these challenges into the regulatory themes of safety, potency, and manufacturing quality. It outlines current assays in use, as well as highlights the limits of many of these product release tests. Mode of action is discussed, with particular reference to in vitro surrogate assays that can be used to provide information to correlate with proposed in vivo patient efficacy. Importantly, this review highlights the requirement for basic research to improve current knowledge on the in vivo fate of these treatments; as well as an improved stakeholder negotiation process to identify the measurement requirements that will ensure the manufacture of the best possible cell- and tissue-based therapies within the shortest timeframe for the most patient benefit.
Mechanisms Regulating Male Sexual Behavior in the Rat: Role of 3α- and 3β-androstanediols1 (1994)

To assess whether naturally occurring 5 alpha-androstanediols (5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol) play a role in the regulation of male sexual behavior in the rat, their capability to restore copulatory behavior in castrated animals was evaluated. Androstanediols were chronically administered either alone or in combination with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or with estradiol-17 beta (E2). Animals treated with testosterone (T), DHT, E2, and vehicle, either alone or in different combinations, served as controls. The occurrence of mounting, intromission, and ejaculation as well as detailed parameters of copulatory behavior were recorded twice per week for 3 weeks. At the end of treatments, the weights of sex accessory organs were also recorded. When 3 beta, 5 alpha-androstanediol (3 beta-diol; 500 micrograms/day) was administered in combination with DHT (300 micrograms/day), full copulatory behavior was restored in all subjects in a manner similar to that obtained with E2 plus DHT or T plus DHT combinations, thus indicating an estrogen-like behavioral effect of 3 beta-diol. Administration of 3 alpha, 5 alpha-androstanediol (3 alpha-diol; 500 micrograms/day) combined with DHT also restored sexual behavior, though to a lesser extent. When 3 alpha-diol (500 micrograms/day) was simultaneously administered with E2 (5 micrograms/day), the copulatory behavior of castrated animals was fully restored in a fashion similar to that observed after administration of DHT plus E2 and T plus E2 combinations, indicating a potent androgen-like effect of 3 alpha-diol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Sowing Dates and Seed Rates on the Agro-Physiological Traits of Wheat (2015)

Wheat yield in Pakistan is very low due to improper seed rate and not sowing the crop at proper time. Delay in sowing of wheat causes linear reduction in grain yield. To evaluate the effect of seed rates and sowing dates on agro-physiological traits of wheat an experiment was conducted at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during winter 2012-13. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications was used. Sowing dates (29 th October, 10 th November, 24 th November, 10 th December, 26 th December and 10 th January) were kept in the main plots, whereas, seed rates (120,150,180 kg ha -1 ) were allotted to sub plots. Wheat variety “SIRAN-2010” was sown in a plot size of 5m x 1.8m (9 m 2 ), having six rows with row to row distance of 30 cm and row length 5m. All the standard agronomic practices were uniformly adopted for the whole experiment. Results showed that maximum spikes m -2 (411), grains spike -1 (52), thousand grains weight (43 g), biological yield (12327 kg ha -1 ) and grain yield (5587 kg ha -1 ) were recorded in plots sown at 10th November. Seed rate of 150 kg ha -1 showed maximum number of grains spike -1 (44), spikes m -2 (307), thousand grains weight (37g), biological yield (9568 kg ha -1 ) and grain yield (4296 kg ha -1 ). It was concluded from the results that wheat should preferably be sown between 29 th October and 24 th November at 150 kg ha -1 seed rate to get higher grain yield in Peshawar valley.
Prevention of aflatoxicosis by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to the diets of growing barrows (1989)

Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added to the diets of growing barrows and was evaluated for its potential to ameliorate the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 6 treatments of 5 barrows each at concentrations of 0 g of HSCAS and 0 g of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control), 5 g of HSCAS/kg of feed (0.5%), 20 g of HSCAS/kg of feed (2.0%), 3 mg of AF/kg of feed, 5 g of HSCAS (0.5%) plus 3 mg of AF/kg of feed, or 20 g of HSCAS (2.0%) plus 3 mg of AF/kg of feed. Barrows were maintained in indoor concrete-floored pens, with feed and water available ad libitum for 28 days (from the age of 7 to 11 weeks). Barrows were observed twice daily and were weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained weekly for hematologic and serum biochemical measurements. At the termination of the study, barrows were euthanatized and necropsied. Body weight gains were diminished significantly (P less than 0.05) by consumption of 3 mg of AF/kg of feed, whereas body weight gain in barrows consuming diets containing HSCAS or HSCAS plus AF did not differ from that in control barrows. Serum enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase and prothrombin time were increased in barrows consuming 3 mg of AF/kg of feed, but not in those consuming HSCAS or HSCAS plus AF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Short communication: Laboratory imaging spectroscopy of soil profiles (2011)

An imaging spectrometer in a laboratory rack was used to examine soil profiles. Images in the 400–1000 nm range with 4nm spectral resolution and less than 0.1mm spatial resolution of the top 30cm of the soil were acquired. These images can be used to analyse the spatial distribution of chemical and physical soil characteristics and for discrimination and classification of horizons and inclusions. Three-dimensional characterisations of soil properties are possible by recording images of series of parallel slices.
A Low-Complexity Concatenated ICI Cancellation Scheme for High-Mobility OFDM Systems (2007)

In this paper, a novel low-complexity scheme is proposed for current OFDM systems to reduce inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by time-varying channel. Under the assumption that channel delay spread is smaller than the guard interval period of an OFDM symbol, the suitably selected inter-symbol interference (ISI) free received signals are exploited through compensating the corresponding linear phases and taking the average in the frequency domain, and in consequence some ICI terms can be automatically cancelled. However, the performance of this self-ICI cancellation scheme is restricted by the inadequate ISI-free region in current OFDM systems. Therefore, a concatenated scheme, which consists of the self-ICI cancellation scheme and a residual ICI reconstruction scheme, is proposed to further improve the BER performance. The simulation results are provided to support that the ICI effect can be significantly removed by the proposed low-complexity concatenated scheme for current high-mobility OFDM systems.
Coriolis - the almost perfect flowmeter (2003)

Coriolis mass flow meter technology has been touted as the "ideal" flow metering technology, and for many companies such as Procter & Gamble this has often been the case. Coriolis mass flow meter technology is the only commercially available technology that can measure true mass flow for our product streams. Coriolis is the most accurate of the industrial process flow metering technologies. It has no moving mechanical parts to wear out, so its theoretical lifespan is almost infinite. One limitation of Coriolis technology is size - flow meters above a nominal three or four inches become exceedingly large and commensurately expensive. For manufacturers in the area of "specialty chemicals" this is not a concern, as process pipelines in excess of four inches are uncommon. Coriolis technology had some initial teething problems, many of which have been effectively resolved by the vendors over the years. Sensitivity to building and pipeline vibration (both mechanical and hydraulic) initially created significant problems for the technology. The development of dual-tube and other technology advancements have effectively solved this problem. Price has always been an issue for Coriolis mass flow meters - it was a premium technology with a premium price. Several vendors have recently introduced low cost yet high performance Coriolis meters, effectively dealing with this issue.
DoD experiments on commercial spacecraft (2009)

The Government has greatly expanded its knowledge and use of commercially hosted payloads within the developmental testing and technology maturation branch of space acquisition. In June 2008, the Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) at Los Angeles Air Force Base awarded a firm fixed price (FFP) contract with Americom Government Services (AGS) to host or ldquoridesharerdquo a developmental Government sensor on a commercial spacecraft. For the purposes of this paper, a ldquoridesharerdquo is defined as an experimental payload hosted on a commercial bus. The Commercially Hosted Infrared Payload (CHIRP) Flight Demonstration Program was designed to leverage commercial spacecraft practices to meet an already ongoing spacecraft schedule with a launch window of May-September 2010. This experiment supports next-generation infrared (IR) sensor system development and is essential to reducing technology risk for the Third Generation Infrared Surveillance (3GIRS) system. 3GIRS is the planned follow-on system to the current Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS). In addition to maturing system technology, the success of the CHIRP program will be a significant first step towards validating the viability and effectiveness of using commercially hosted payloads within the development and operational testing niche of Government space programs.
El ícono de la misión: una construcción visual de la historia hispana de los Estados Unidos (2010)

The purpose of this article is to explore the representation of the Catholic Mission in the early American fi lms of the Twentieth Century, through the images known as stills, those that were published by the American fi lm companies, in order to promote their productions in the specialized journals. What I propose is that this still is a cultural construction, which implies the fi rst years of the twentieth century â€” the real time that they were created- and the themes these images represent, that have to do with the nineteenth and the second half of the eighteenth century. The mission structure implies several steps of visual reconstruction which contain the aesthetic value: the architecture, the historical themes, the characters and the literature. Through this reconstruction we hold the visual Hispanic background of the American Southwest.
A simple methodology for constructing extensible and high-fidelity TCP/IP network simulators (1999)

This paper proposes a simple methodology for constructing extensible and high-fidelity TCP/IP simulators in BSD UNIX environments. A simulator constructed under this methodology will simulate multiple network nodes by re-entering the UNIX kernel of the simulation host multiple times. Generated simulation results are derived from executing the native TCP/IP protocol stack on the simulation host. They are thus more accurate than those generated from a TCP/IP network simulator that implements only an abstraction of a real-life TCP/IP implementation. By using this methodology, the simulator architecture creates an illusion for the BSD UNIX kernel that the simulated network is a real network. All existing application programs such as FTP, telnet and HTTP, and all network utilities such as route, ifconfig and tcpdump are immediately applicable to a simulated network for generating network traffic, configuring networks, gathering statistics, etc. Additionally, the network simulator provides the standard UNIX API on every node in a simulated network so that ally existing or future application program can run on any node in a simulated network. This allows a network simulator to be easily extended to study high-level network architecture and application issues.
Polypeptide multilayer nanofilm artificial red blood cells (2006)

Reliable encapsulation of hemoglobin (Hb) within polypeptide multilayer nanofilms has been achieved by a template-based approach, and protein functionality has been demonstrated postencapsulation. The method is general in scope and could be useful for many other encapsulants. Met-Hb was adsorbed onto 5 microm-diameter CaCO3 microparticles, and the Hb-coated particles were encapsulated within a multilayer nanofilm of poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) and poly(L-lysine) (PLL) by layer-by-layer assembly. The CaCO3 templates were then dissolved within the PLGA/PLL nanofilms by addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Encapsulation of Hb was proved by fluorescence microscopy, the pH-dependence of retention of Hb was determined by visible wavelength absorbance, and conversion of the encapsulated met-Hb to deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb was demonstrated by spectroscopic analysis of the Soret absorption peak under various conditions. It thus has been shown that control of Hb oxygenation within polypeptide multilayer nanofilm artificial cells is possible, and that Hb thus encapsulated can bind, release, and subsequently rebind molecular oxygen. This work therefore represents an advance in the development of polypeptide multilayer film artificial red blood cells.
ALTERATION BY LEAD ACETATE OF RAT SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE (1999)

Structural changes of rat submandibular glands (SMG) after long-term treatment with various doses of lead (0.01%, 0.04%, 0.05%) were investigated in this study. After termination of treatment, SMGs were removed and homogenized for measurement of total protein, DNA, calcium, and lead concentrations. Also ultrastructural examination of glands by electron microscopy was carried out. Total protein, DNA, and intracellular calcium concentrations of treated glands at 0.04% and 0.05% lead concentrations showed significant reduction when compared with those of controls. Data of lead measurement, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, showed that lead treatment resulted in accumulation of lead in rats'SMGs. Lead treatment also caused degenerative changes in the cells. Dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and swollen mitochondria were observed in the (0.05%) treated group. Transformation and enlargement of mitochondria also were determined in the (0.04%) treated group. We propose that lead treatment can reduce exocytosis processes by the reduction in energy level of the cell and destruction of RER or mitochondria. Considering properties of lead to substitute for calcium in many intracellular events, different types of alterations can result, including interaction with protein and DNA synthesis. To elucidate the exact mechanisms of observed alterations requires further studies.
Updating of Road Network Databases: Spatio-Temporal Trajectory Grouping Using Snap-Drift Neural Network (2007)

Research towards an innovative solution to the problem of automated updating of road network databases is presented. It moves away from existing methods where vendors of road network databases either go through the time consuming and logistically challenging process of driving along roads to register changes or use update methods that rely on remote sensing images. The solution presented here would allow users of road network dependent applications (e.g. in-car navigation system or NavSat) to passively collect characteristics of any “unknown route ” (departure from the known roads in the database) on behalf of the provider. These data would be processed either by an onboard neural network or transferred back to the NavSat provider and input to a neural net (ANN) along with similar track data provided by other service users, to decide whether or not to automatically update (add) the “unknown road ” to the road database. This would be performed ‘on probation’, allowing subsequent users to see the road on their system and use it if need be. At a later stage, when sufficient information on road geometry and other characteristics has accumulated in order to have confidence in the classification, the probationary flag would be lifted and the new road permanently added to the road network database. To investigate this novel approach, GPS-based trajectory data collected in London are analysed using a Snap-Drift Neural Network (SDNN) and categorised into different road class segments. The performance of the SDNN and the key variables required are presented. 1.
A 60GHz digitally controlled RF beamforming array in 65nm CMOS with off-chip antennas (2011)

An RF-path 60-GHz band 4-element array using proposed phase-oversampling vector modulation is implemented in 65-nm CMOS. Digitally controlled semi-lookup table method is proposed to compensate for non-idealities in circuits, antenna array, and interfaces. Accurate and high resolution control on the gain and phase is demonstrated. The receiver features an NF of 5.6 dB and 3.5° phase resolution at a backoff of 3 dB. It dissipates 178 mW from I-V supply and obtains 18.5 dB gain for each channel.