gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternate Assembly of Ordered Multilayers of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Other Nanoparticles and Polyions (1997)

Alternate layer-by-layer assembly of colloidal SiO2 particles with polycations has been investigated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). QCM measurement confirmed the high regularity and reproducibility of the assembling process that depends on particle concentration, particle size, and ionic strength. The individual adsorption step was completed within 15 s. The thickness of adsorbed layers increased with increasing SiO2 concentrations at the three particle sizes used (45, 25, and 78 nm in diameter), unlike the case for other polyion assemblies. It also increased with increasing ionic strength of aqueous SiO2 dispersions. According to SEM observation, the assembled film possessed surprisingly flat surfaces at optimized ionic strengths. AFM observation revealed that SiO2 particles were not closely packed. The neutralization ratio of SiO2 and PDDA was estimated by turbidity measurement. Comparison of turbidity and QCM data indicated that the positive charge on PDDA was not completely neutralized by the negative charge on SiO2 particles in the course of alternate adsorption. This is apparently caused by a large difference in rigidity and charge density between SiO2 and PDDA. Since the charge density on PDDA is significantly larger than that on SiO2, all of the former charges cannot form short-distance ion pairs with surface charges of rigid SiO2 particles. The formation of long-distance charge pairs between SiO2 and PDDA, unlike the case for oppositely charged pairs of linear polyions, appears to be the origin of the remarkable dependence of film thickness and surface morphology on ionic strength and particle concentration. The other nanoparticles (CeO2 and TiO2) were similarly assembled with oppositely-charged linear polyions. Further modifications of the film structure were demonstrated by assembly between particles with different sizes and that between SiO2 and enzyme and by taking advantage of premixing components.
Identification of metastasis-associated genes by transcriptional profiling of a pair of metastatic versus non-metastatic human mammary carcinoma cell lines. (2001)

Cell lines 4A4 and 2C5 are the respective metastatic and non-metastatic variants of the human mammary carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435 in the nude mouse system. We compared the transcriptional profile of approximately 5000 full-length genies using the Affymetrix HuGene FL Array technology. We have shown that the metastatic phenotype is mediated by different functional categories of genes, e.g. genes involved in immune response, genes responsible for tumor antigens, genes involved in migration and invasion, genes involved in mediating signal transduction, genes responsible for transcription factors, genes involved in phospholipid signaling, genes involved in modulation of extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, genes with a cell-type specific mode of expression and genes which do not fit into the subclasses as defined above. Our results suggest an important role of Autocrine Motility Factor (AMF) as a mediator of metastasis in this system.
Optical resolution of (R,S)-3-acetoxymethyl-7,8-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-4H-(1,4)benzoxazine. (1987)

The enantioselective hydrolysis of (R, S)-3-acetoxymethyl-7, 8-difmoro-2, 3-dihydro-4H-[l, 4]benzoxazine (I) with enzymes was investigated. Optically active I and its hydrolyzate, 7, 8-difluoro-2, 3-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-4H-[l, 4]benzoxazine (II), are the intermediates for preparing optically active ofloxacins, whose racemate is known to be an excellent antibacterial agent. Lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (LPL Amano 3) was found to predominantly hydrolyze (S)-I, giving (R)-I in 54% e.e. and (R)-II in 44% e.e. On the other hand, lipase from Candida cylindracea was found to predominantly hydrolyze (R)-I, giving (S)-I in 24% e.e. and (S)-II in 20% e.e. Since, the optical purities of I and II thus obtained were not particularly high, these optically active I and II were converted into 3-acetoxymethyl-7, 8-difluoro-2, 3-dihydro-4-(3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl)-4H-[1, 4]benzoxazine (IV). After recrystallizing IV from ethyl acetate-hexane, (S)-and (R)-II were obtained with high enantiomeric excess by removing the crystallized racemic IV and subsequently hydrolyzing the resulting optically active IV with alkali. The reduction of II afforded 7, 8-difluoro-2, 3-dihydro-3-methyl-4H-[1, 4]benzoxazine (III), for which the optical purity was estimated to be > 96% e.e. by HPLC analysis. (R)- and (S)-ofloxacin were prepared from (R)- and (S)-III with retention of their configuration.
Quartz crystal resonators and oscillators, recent developments and future trends (1982)

This paper deals only with the most recent and significant developments in the field, because excellent review papers on crystal resonators and oscillators are available and given in reference. A short historical review providing general concepts is presented first. Then, since important advances have recently been made in the resonator and oscillator field as well, the most significant improvements are pointed out and discussed. On the one hand, progress due to the use of doubly rotated cuts, new techniques (including “electrodeless”, “flat pack” …) and various advances are presented. On the other hand, improvements in conception and realization of oscillators are widely discussed, pointing out that theoretical and technical progress in both resonator and oscillator fields is needed.Recent progress leads to better performance in short term stability, aging, environmental sensitivity, etc., and even to possible competition with other frequency standards. Recent advances are summarized by a comparison of the most recent documented results. Probable future trends are also indicated.
<i>In Vivo</i>Regulation of Granulosa Cell Somatomedin-C/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptors* (1988)

The characteristics and regulation of the murine granulosa cell type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor under in vivo conditions were studied. In vivo treatment of immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats with increasing doses (0.3-30 microgram/rat, twice daily) of FSH for 72 h resulted in dose-dependent increments in specific granulosa cell somatomedin-C (Sm-C)/IGF-I binding, peaking (5150 +/- 350 cpm/3 x 10(5) cells) at the 10 micrograms/rat (twice daily) dose level to yield a 2.6-fold increase relative to that in untreated controls. This FSH (10 micrograms/rat, twice daily) effect proved time dependent; the first significant (P less than 0.05) increase in binding (3670 +/- 150 cpm/3 x 10(5) cells) was noted after 48 h of treatment (1.6-fold increase). Significantly, little or no variation was observed for basal Sm-C/IGF-I binding over the course of the experiment, suggesting that this component of Sm-C/IGF-I receptor complement may be independent of the trophic influence(s) of the pituitary gland. Equilibrium competition studies carried out with granulosa cells derived from both control and FSH-treated rats revealed linear Scatchard plots consistent with a single class of noninteracting binding sites, a 2.8-fold increase in FSH-associated Sm-C/IGF-I-binding capacity, but not affinity (Kd control, 1.9 +/- 0.3 nM; kd FSH, 2.6 +/- 0.9 nM). Limited specificity studies of the FSH-induced receptor revealed related peptides to compete for Sm-C/IGF-I binding with a relative rank order of potency of Sm-C/IGF-I much greater than multiplication-stimulating activity greater than insulin, a pattern compatible with a type I IGF receptor. A series of other polypeptides, including porcine relaxin, porcine proinsulin, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor as well as transforming growth factor-alpha and -beta (TGF beta) were nonreactive. Significantly, the induced type I IGF receptor proved functionally coupled to granulosa cell proteoglycan biosynthesis. The ability of FSH (10 micrograms/rat, twice daily) to enhance granulosa cell Sm-C/IGF-I binding was significantly (P less than 0.05) up-regulated (1.53-fold amplification) by ovine GH (100 micrograms/rat, twice daily); a down-regulatory effect (64% inhibition) was observed for a potent GnRH agonist [( D-Ala6,Des-Gly10]GnRH ethyl amide; 25 micrograms/rat, twice daily). Once induced, the Sm-C/IGF-I receptor of the granulosa cell required the continued presence of either FSH or LH for its maintenance; the lactogenic receptor agonist PRL had no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Photophysics of mixed ligand complexes of ruthenium(II) with 2,2′-bipyridyl and phosphines (2000)

Luminescence of mixed ligand complexes of ruthenium(II) of the types cis-Ru(bpy)2X2(I), cis-[Ru(bpy)2(PPh3)X](BF4)(II), and cis-Ru(bpy)(PP)X2(III) (X = CN, NO2, PPh3 is triphenyl phosphine; PP is 1,2-bis(diphenylphospino)ethane (dppe) and cis-,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (dppene)) is studied in alcohol matrices (EtOH/MeOH, 4:1) frozen at 77 K. A sequence of complexes I–III exhibits an additive (in the number of phosphorous atoms) blue shift of the absorption and luminescence bands and an increase in the quantum yield of luminescence and in the excited-state lifetime. The rate constant of nonradiative deactivation of the excited state decreases more than by an order of magnitude in the sequence I–III of cyano complexes and only by three times in a sequence of nitro complexes. This is assumed to be caused by a specific (in the hydrogen bond type) interaction of nitro groups of complexes with a proton solvent.
Controlled Injection of Spin-Triplet Supercurrents into a Strong Ferromagnet (2010)

The superconductor-ferromagnet proximity effect describes the fast decay of a spin-singlet supercurrent originating from the superconductor upon entering the neighboring ferromagnet. After placing a conical magnet (holmium) at the interface between the two, we detected a long-ranged supercurrent in the ferromagnetic layer. The long-range effect required particular thicknesses of the spiral magnetically ordered holmium, consistent with spin-triplet proximity theory. This enabled control of the electron pairing symmetry by tuning the degree of magnetic inhomogeneity through the thicknesses of the holmium injectors.
Spectral Methods for Natural Language Processing (2016)

Many state-of-the-art results in natural language processing (NLP) are achieved with statistical models involving latent variables. Unfortunately, computational problems associated with such models (for instance, finding the optimal parameter values) are typically intractable, forcing practitioners to rely on heuristic methods without strong guarantees. While heuristics are often sufficient for empirical purposes, their de-emphasis on theoretical aspects has certain negative ramifications. First, it can impede the development of rigorous theoretical understanding which can generate new ideas and algorithms. Second, it can lead to black art solutions that are unreliable and difficult to reproduce. In this thesis, we argue that spectral methods---that is, methods that use singular value decomposition or other similar matrix or tensor factorization---can effectively remedy these negative ramifications. To this end, we develop spectral methods for two unsupervised language processing tasks. The first task is learning lexical representations from unannotated text (e.g., hierarchical clustering of a vocabulary). The second task is estimating parameters of latent-variable models used in NLP applications (e.g., for unsupervised part-of-speech tagging). We show that our spectral algorithms have the following advantages over previous methods: 1. The algorithms provide a new theoretical framework that is amenable to rigorous analysis. In particular, they are shown to be statistically consistent. 2. The algorithms are simple to implement, efficient, and scalable to large amounts of data. They also yield results that are competitive with the state-of-the-art.
Microtubule assembly using the microtubule‐associated protein MAP‐2 prepared in defined states of phosphorylation with protein kinase and phosphatase (1983)

A microtubule-associated protein (the 270-kDa MAP-2) was prepared in two defined states of phosphorylation by (a) phosphorylation by associated kinase to the extent of 11-14 mol/mol, and (b) removal of 70-80% of this phosphate with a protein phosphatase purified from brain. The newly introduced phosphate was in addition to about 10 mol/mol already present in MAP-2 as isolated; these phosphates were not appreciably released by the phosphatase and did not exchange with ATP. In microtubules assembled with phosphorylated (24 mol/mol) MAP-2 the assembly rate was decreased, microtubule length and critical concentration for assembly were unaffected, and rates of loss of subunits were increased from both microtubule ends. Phosphorylation also reduced the binding of MAP-2 to taxol-stabilized microtubules. These changes were unequivocally due to phosphorylation, since phosphatase treatment reversed all of them. The brain phosphatase used in these experiments was purified 3000-fold towards histone, but only 100-fold towards MAP-2, suggesting brain may contain another enzyme more specific for MAP-2. Calcineurin, however, had only a low activity for MAP-2.
Dynamic background subtraction using Local Binary Pattern and Histogram of oriented Gradients (2015)

Moving object detection in the presence of complex dynamic backgrounds such as swaying of trees, spouting of water from fountain, ripples in water, flag fluttering in the wind, camera jitters, noise, etc., is known to be very difficult and challenging task. In addition to this, illumination variation, camouflage and real-time constraint aggravate the problem further. Background subtraction (BS) is a widely used algorithm for moving object detection in the presence of static cameras. Its performance purely depends on the choice of features used for background modeling. In this paper, we have proposed a novel multi-feature and multi-modal based background subtraction using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram of oriented Gradients (HOG) for complex dynamic scene. Each pixel is modeled as a set of multi-feature calculated from its neighborhood and multi-modal BS is performed using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). To show its efficacy, the proposed algorithm is compared with some of the state-of-the-art BS techniques. In order to evaluate the algorithm in uncontrolled environments, a collection of publicly available database has been used. Quantitative and qualitative results justify our algorithm for efficient moving object detection in the presence of swaying of trees, camouflage and ripples in the water surface.
The Influence of Experiential Pedagogy on Undergraduate Sport Coaching Students’ ‘Real World’ Practice (2020)

There is a body of research on the challenges that coaches face when trying to implement athlete-centred coaching, but very little attention has been paid to the influence that the growing number of sport coaching degrees has on coaches’ beliefs and practice in regard to athlete-centred coaching. While studies have been conducted on sport coaches’ use of game-based approaches (GBA) to coaching, undergraduate sport coaching students’ interpretation of this coaching innovation has been largely overlooked. This article takes a step toward redressing this oversight by reporting on a study that inquired into the influence of the experiential pedagogy used in a course on athlete-centred coaching on students’ beliefs about coaching and their practice. The scholarship of teaching study adopted a constructivist grounded theory methodology to focus on five undergraduates in a sport coaching program with data generated through a series of three interviews with each participant. This study concludes that the experience-based course design was effective in influencing undergraduate students’ beliefs about coaching and their practice outside university.
In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-S (1986)

6315-S, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. It inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-S did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, or Enterobacter cloacae (MICs for 90% of the strains tested were greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). Proteus vulgaris resistant to cefotaxime was inhibited. Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species were resistant (MICs greater than 64 micrograms/ml). MICs for 90% of the Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis isolates were 4 micrograms/ml. 6315-S was highly active against anaerobic species of Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and peptostreptococci and was superior to other agents against these organisms. 6315-S was not hydrolyzed by the major plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases, but it induced chromosomal beta-lactamases in Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Relocation of the plastid rbcL gene to the nucleusyields functional ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in tobaccochloroplasts. (1994)

The conserved plastid localization of rbcL suggests that biosynthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [Rubisco; 3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] in chloroplasts is required to obtain functional enzyme. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, we relocated the plastid rbcL gene to the nucleus. First, we deleted the rbcL gene from the tobacco plastid genome by targeted insertion of a selectable aadA gene encoding spectinomycin resistance. The rbcL coding region was then inserted into an expression cassette and introduced into the nuclear genome of these plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We report that the nuclear rbcL functionally complements the defective plastids when the Rubisco large subunit is targeted to chloroplasts by a transit peptide. Therefore, the evolutionary process that relocates functional plastid genes to the nucleus has not yet occurred in the case of the rbcL gene. Targeted deletion of plastid genes, combined with their allotopic expression, will provide opportunities for studying the function of plastid enzyme complexes.
Use of α‐aminoadipate and lysine as sole nitrogen source by <i>Schizosacharomyces pombe</i> and selected pathogenic fungi (1991)

alpha-Aminodipate, an intermediate of the lysine biosynthetic pathway of fungi, or lysine when used as the sole nitrogen source in the medium was growth inhibitory and toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Filobasidiella neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus grew in the medium containing alpha-aminoadipate as the sole nitrogen source. C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and one of the strains of F. neoformans also grew in the medium containing lysine as the sole nitrogen source. When grown in the alpha-aminoadipate medium, only S. pombe accumulated a significant amount of alpha-ketoadipate in the culture supernatant. Also, 14C-alpha-aminoadipate was converted to 14C-alpha-ketoadipate in vivo. In the ammonium sulfate medium, S. pombe cells converted 14C-alpha-aminoadipate to lysine. The levels of glutamate-alpha-ketoadipate transaminase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of alpha-aminoadipate to alpha-ketoadipate, and alpha-aminoadipate reductase, an enzyme required for the conversion of alpha-aminoadipate to lysine, were similar in S. pombe cells grown in the alpha-aminoadipate or ammonium sulfate medium. However, the level of homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme before the alpha-ketoadipate step, was twelvefold lower in S. pombe cells grown in the alpha-aminoadipate medium compared to the level in cells grown in the ammonium sulfate medium. Pathogenic fungi used in this study did not accumulate alpha-ketoadipate and alpha-aminoadipate-delta-semialdehyde when grown in medium containing alpha-aminoadipate and lysine, respectively, as sole nitrogen source. However, only pathogenic fungi used both lysine and alpha-aminoadipate as sole nitrogen source. This unique metabolic property could be useful for the identification of these pathogens.
The pathomechanisms of psoriasis; the skin immune system and cyclosporin (1988)

Journal Article The pathomechanisms of psoriasis; the skin immune system and cyclosporin Get access J.D. BOS J.D. BOS Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Dr J.D.Bos, Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, AO‐223, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 2, 1 February 1988, Pages 141–155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01768.x Published: 01 February 1988
Generation and reception of ultrasonic guided waves in composite plates using conformable piezoelectric transmitters and optical-fiber detectors (1999)

A condition monitoring nondestructive evaluation (NDE) system, combining the generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves in thin composite plates and their subsequent detection using an embedded optical fiber system is described. The acoustic source is of low profile with respect to the composite plate thickness, surface conformable, and able to efficiently launch a known Lamb wave mode, at operating frequencies between 100 and 500 kHz, over typical propagation distances of 100 to 500 mm. It incorporates both piezocomposite technology and interdigital design techniques to generate the fundamental symmetrical Lamb wave mode in both metallic and carbon-fiber composite plates. Linear systems and finite element modeling techniques have been used to evaluate the operation of the transducer structure, and this is supplemented by experimental verification of the simulated data. An optical fiber, either bonded to the surface or embedded across the length of the composite plate samples, is used to detect the propagating ultrasonic Lamb waves. Single mode silica fiber has been used in conjunction with a portable 633 nm Mach-Zehnder interferometer for signal demodulation and subsequent data acquisition. This hybrid system is shown to generate and detect the fundamental symmetrical Lamb wave (s(0)) in both carbon-fiber and glass-fiber reinforced composite plates. Importantly, the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the acoustic source compares favorably with s(0) Lamb wave generation using a conventional transducer and angled perspex wedge arrangement.