gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes using Atomic Hydrogen (2001)

We have investigated the irradiation of multi walled and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with atomic hydrogen. After irradiating the SWNT sample, a band at 2940/cm (3.4 microns) that is characteristic of the C-H stretching mode is observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additional confirmation of SWNT functionalization is tested by irradiating with atomic deuterium. A weak band in the region 1940/cm (5.2 micron) to 2450/cm (4.1 micron) corresponding to C-D stretching mode is also observed in the FTIR spectrum. This technique provides a clean gas phase process for the functionalization of SWNTs, which could lead to further chemical manipulation and/or the tuning of the electronic properties of SWNTs for nanodevice applications.
L<sub>1</sub>-methods for low-power surveillance (2013)

In this paper we introduce two novel methods for application of `1-minimization. In the first method, sparse and low-rank decomposition and compressive sensing-based retrieval are combined and applied to a low power surveillance model. The method exploits the ability of sparse and low-rank decompositions to extract significant and stationary features and the ability of compressive sensing approaches to reduce the number of measurements necessary. In the second method, a contiguity prior is added to compressive sensing methods on images and a numerical approach is proposed to solve this novel problem. Results are displayed in which the contiguity constrained method is applied to the low power surveillance model.
A CCD miniature radiation monitor (2005)

A miniature radiation monitor (MRM) device has been developed, which utilises a CCD as its sensitive element. Its shielding configuration has been designed to mitigate the displacement damage threat in space environments, whilst also introducing a good degree of directional sensitivity.
A scanning dual-capillary-tube viscometer (2000)

The present study introduces the concept of a new scanning dual-capillary-tube viscometer (SDCV) for viscosity measurements of both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, including whole blood, over a wide range of shear rates. The flow rate and pressure drop measurements that are usually required for the operation of a capillary-tube viscometer are replaced with two measurements of liquid-height variation with time. Using a charge-coupled device sensor array, one could measure the variation of fluid levels at each riser tube, h1(t) and h2(t), from which the test fluid viscosity was calculated. The feasibility and accuracy of the SDCV technique has been demonstrated for a standard-viscosity oil and for bovine blood by comparing results against established viscosity measurement techniques. A power-law viscosity model was used to correlate the data for the latter. The dual-capillary-tube viscometer extends the shear rate range as low as 0.1 s−1 for both the viscosity of mineral oil (9.9 cP at 25 °C) and bovine blood with 3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at room temperature.
Runtime Adjustment of Configuration Models for Consistency Preservation (2016)

A system configuration consists of many entities with many configuration attributes that are interrelated by system constraints. A system configuration is consistent when all the constraints are satisfied by the entities, their attributes and relations. At runtime a system configuration may be modified for instance in response to changes in the system environment or for security/performance fine-tuning purposes. These changes may jeopardize the configuration consistency as some constraints may be violated. This could be due to the incompleteness of the set of changes as performed by the administrator who is not aware of all the relations between all involved entities/attributes. In order to resolve such inconsistencies we propose an approach for complementing the incomplete set of changes and therefore adjusting automatically the configuration at runtime. The adjustment consists of modifications of other entities/attributes that re-establish the configuration consistency. We achieve this by propagating the changes in the configuration according to the system constraints following the possible impacts of the configuration entities on each other. We try to minimize the complementary modifications to control the side-effects of the change propagation as we target the domain of highly available systems. The problem is formulated as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) which we solve using a constraint solver.
Beam-switching antenna based on active Frequency Selective Surfaces (2011)

A novel method for designing a beam-switching antenna using active Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) is presented. The antenna is composing of a single dipole placed at the center of an active cylindrical FSS that is divided in six equal sectors by metallic sheets. Metallic cones at the top and bottom of the structure are used to enhance the radiation performance of the antenna. In each step, the diodes in one FSS-sector are off, whereas other diodes are on. The FSS-sector with off-state diodes defines the direction of the radiation pattern. The proposed antenna operates from 2.4 GHz to 2.8 GHz with gain of 11 dBi. The antenna radiation pattern can be swept in the entire azimuth plane in six steps with a 3-dB beamwidth of 60°. This antenna could be used in the base station of the wireless communication systems.
One for all, All for one (2019)

During demand response events, utility customers typically make decisions to reduce their own load independent of other customers. In the presence of district cooling with a centralized cooling plant, the control decisions of buildings and the district cooling plant become coupled, since the setpoints chosen by the cooling plant affect the consumption of the buildings and vice versa.
STEP: Spatio-Temporal Progressive Learning for Video Action Detection (2019)

In this paper, we propose Spatio-TEmporal Progressive (STEP) action detector---a progressive learning framework for spatio-temporal action detection in videos. Starting from a handful of coarse-scale proposal cuboids, our approach progressively refines the proposals towards actions over a few steps. In this way, high-quality proposals (i.e., adhere to action movements) can be gradually obtained at later steps by leveraging the regression outputs from previous steps. At each step, we adaptively extend the proposals in time to incorporate more related temporal context. Compared to the prior work that performs action detection in one run, our progressive learning framework is able to naturally handle the spatial displacement within action tubes and therefore provides a more effective way for spatio-temporal modeling. We extensively evaluate our approach on UCF101 and AVA, and demonstrate superior detection results. Remarkably, we achieve mAP of 75.0% and 18.6% on the two datasets with 3 progressive steps and using respectively only 11 and 34 initial proposals.
Dopaminergic Neurons from Midbrain-Specified Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Engrafted in a Monkey Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2012)

The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to repair diseased or injured brain is promising technology with significant humanitarian, societal and economic impact. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The generation of this cell type will fulfill a currently unmet therapeutic need. We report on the isolation and perpetuation of a midbrain-specified self-renewable human neural stem cell line (hNSCs) from hESCs. These hNSCs grew as a monolayer and uniformly expressed the neural precursor markers nestin, vimentin and a radial glial phenotype. We describe a process to direct the differentiation of these hNSCs towards the DA lineage. Glial conditioned media acted synergistically with fibroblastic growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor to induce the expression of the DA marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the hNSC progeny. The glial-derived neurotrophic factor did not fully mimic the effects of conditioned media. The hNSCs expressed the midbrain-specific transcription factors Nurr1 and Pitx3. The inductive effects did not modify the level of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) transcript, a marker for GABAergic neurons, while the TH transcript increased 10-fold. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the TH-expressing cells did not co-localize with GAD. The transplantation of these DA-induced hNSCs into the non-human primate MPTP model of PD demonstrated that the cells maintain their DA-induced phenotype, extend neurite outgrowths and express synaptic markers.
Voice messaging system with pitch tracking based on adaptively filtered LPC residual signal (1989)

First Page
Unique antineoplastic profile of Saquinavir-NO, a novel NO-derivative of the protease inhibitor Saquinavir, on the in vitro and in vivo tumor formation of A375 human melanoma cells (2012)

We have recently shown that covalent attachment of the nitric oxide (NO) moiety to the HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq) produced a qualitatively new chemical entity, named Saquinavir-NO (Saq-NO), with enhanced anticancer properties and reduced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to address several unanswered questions both on the pharmacological profile of Saq-NO as well as on the in vivo role of NO in the oncogenesis of A375 human melanoma cells. To this end, we have evaluated here the impact of single and combined effects of Saq-NO, Saq, the NO-donor DETA NONOate and the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME on the in vitro as well as in vivo growth of the iNOS positive A375 cells. Our data confirm clear-cut evidence for a strong and powerful anti-melanoma action of Saq-NO that is not duplicable by the combined use of Saq and DETA NONOate. Surprisingly, but also in agreement with the complex and multifaceted role of endogenous NO in A375 cells, both DETA NONOate and L-NAME significantly suppressed the in vivo growth of xenotransplants.
Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Evaluation of<i>N</i>-Substituted Maleimides as Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthases (1996)

N-(Carboxyalkyl)maleimides are rapid as well as time-dependent inhibitors of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS). The corresponding N-alkylmaleimides were only time-dependent inactivators of PGHS, suggesting that the carboxylate is critical for rapid inhibition. Several N-substituted maleimide analogs containing structural features similar to those of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of PGHS. Most of the aspirin-like maleimides inactivated the cyclooxygenase activity of purified ovine PGHS-1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner similar to that of aspirin. The peroxidase activity of PGHS was also inactivated by the maleimide analogs. The cyclooxygenase activity of the inducible isozyme, i.e., PGHS-2, was also inhibited by these compounds. The corresponding succinimide analog of N-5-maleimido-2-acetoxy-1-benzoic acid did not inhibit either enzyme activity, suggesting that inactivation was due to covalent modification of the protein. The mechanism of inhibition of PGHS-1 by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide was investigated. Incubation of apoPGHS-1 with 2 equiv of N-(carboxyheptyl)[3,4-14C]maleimide led to the incorporation of radioactivity in the protein, but no adduct was detected by reversed-phase HPLC, suggesting that it was unstable to the chromatographic conditions. Furthermore, hematin-reconstituted PGHS-1, which was rapidly inhibited by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, displayed spontaneous regeneration of about 50% of the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities, suggesting that the adduct responsible for the inhibition breaks down to regenerate active enzyme. ApoPGHS-1, inhibited by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, did not display regeneration of enzyme activity, but addition of hematin to the inhibited apoenzyme led to spontaneous recovery of about 50% of cyclooxygenase activity. These results suggest that addition of heme leads to a conformational change in the protein which increases the susceptibility of the adduct toward hydrolytic cleavage. ApoPGHS-1, pretreated with N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, was resistant to trypsin cleavage, suggesting that the carboxylate functionality of the maleimide binds in the cyclooxygenase channel. A model for the interaction of N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide in the cyclooxygenase active site is proposed.
Compact and fully packaged wavelength converter with integrated delay loop for 40 Gbit/s RZ signals (2002)

First high-speed all-optical wavelength converter, with monolithically integrated delay loop and high extinction-ratio tuning abilities in a simple configuration with only one semiconductor optical amplifier has been realized and successfully tested for 40 Gbit/s RZ format signals.
Noninvasive evaluation of mineral content of bone without use of ionizing radiation. (1987)

The mineral content of bone can be quantified by recording a 31P NMR spectrum while the bone is stationary. The quantity of mineral in the bone is determined from the spectrum with a reference standard by comparison of relative peak areas. The phosphate of bone mineral is readily distinguished from inorganic phosphate and phosphorylated metabolites dissolved in cytosol and from the head groups of phospholipids in membranes. The technical feasibility of constructing a cost-effective instrument for analysis of bone mineral content in the extremities is demonstrated. The possible utility of such a noninvasive assay for detecting osteoporosis and for monitoring the progress of treatment is discussed.
Preionised pulsed magnetron discharges for ionised physical vapour deposition (2005)

peer reviewed
Identification of HLA‐A*3101‐restricted cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in patients with chronic HIV‐1 infection (2005)

Virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are critical in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. As several HIV-1 CTL epitopes restricted to many HLA types are already known, we aimed at identifying the CTL epitopes restricted by HLA-A*3101 in an effort to expand the epitope repertoire available for the development of potential T cell-mediated therapeutic measures and protective vaccines. Scanning of HIV-1 clade B SF2 strain proteins for the presence of peptides containing HLA-A*3101-binding motifs revealed 88 nine- to 11-mer peptides that had been synthesized and assayed for binding to HLA-A*3101 molecules. Peptides with medium to high HLA-binding affinity were tested for their ability to stimulate a CTL response in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from selected HIV-1-infected patients. Two of these binding peptides, Env769-779 (RLRDLLLIAAR) and Nef192-200 (KLAFHHMAR), induced peptide-specific CTLs in PBMCs from at least two of five HIV-1-seropositive individuals. CTL clones specific for the two peptides killed HLA-A*3101-expressing target cells infected with HIV-1 recombinant vaccinia virus, indicating that these peptides were naturally processed HLA-A*3101-restricted CTL epitopes. Identification of T-cell epitopes on HIV-1 proteins will increase our understanding of the role of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infections and assist in the design of new protective strategies.
Design and application of transition metal catalysts for laundry bleach (2007)

Hydrogen peroxide based bleach reactions are increasingly important for many applications such as pulp and paper bleach, pre-treatment of cotton, waste water treatment and laundry. The search of catalysts being able to effectively activate peroxide in these applications has been a major field of research for some time. With respect to the laundry process, transition metal based catalysts are expected to increase the activity at low temperatures for the bleaching of stains or the inhibition of dye transfer, while retaining a low level of textile dye and fiber damage. We review herein major aspects of our research in this field for manganese and iron complexes of different ligand systems. Catalyst design principles are summarized and discussed to illustrate the effective development of catalysts meeting the requirements of the laundry application. Results of model experiments are correlated with application properties in order to improve the understanding of the catalytic bleach process.
Improvement of readout resolution with an in-plane magnetization film for a magneto-optical disk (1994)

For high density recording of magneto-optical disks, we have developed a new method that improves the apparent optical resolution using a medium that consists of a GdFeCo readout layer and a DyFeCo recording layer. The magnetization of the readout layer is designed to be in-plane at room temperature and to become perpendicularly oriented at high temperatures. Therefore, this medium shows polar Kerr effect only at areas heated up by a readout beam whereas the other areas of the medium are masked by an in-plane magnetization. Using this medium, a small bit at the center of the readout beam spot can be detected without cross talk from the neighborhood. The function of the above high resolution readout method was calculated and confirmed through the study of magneto-optical properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stretchable electronic device with repeat self-healing ability of metal wire (2017)

This paper reports a stretchable electronic device with repeat self-healing ability of a wire crack caused by stretching deformation. The crack of metal wire is healed with assembled metal nanoparticles by dielectrophoresis, when a voltage is applied to the cracked wire covered with the nanoparticle solution. By designing a circuit, we controlled the applied voltage and current for the self-healing to be avoid excessive Joule heating in the assembled nanoparticles. This consideration enables us to heal a crack of tens of micrometers in width and to practically achieve a stretchable electronic device.
Active Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (A-TPAD) to study force adaptation in human walking (2014)

An active Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (A-TPAD) has been presented in this paper. TPAD is a cable robot for studying force adaptation in human walking by applying external forces and moments on the human pelvis. A two stage control strategy was implemented to apply the desired force-moment profile. The controller includes (i) a quadratic programming based optimization scheme, (ii) a real-time human motion monitoring system and (iii) a PID feedback loop to plan and implement the required cable tensions. The control strategy was validated first by testing it on a dummy pelvis setup. A pilot experiment was then conducted with a human walking on a treadmill with A-TPAD. The goal was to apply a vertical downward force vector equivalent to 10% of subject's body weight (BW) at the pelvis. Results showed that the applied vertical force was acting downwards over the full gait cycle and was between 8-13% of the BW. Other force-moment components were maintained within a specified range during the experiment. Increased foot pressure was reported in the presence of vertical force. In summary, A-TPAD provides the capability of applying and controlling a desired force-moment profile on the human pelvis over a gait cycle.
A bioreducible N-oxide-based probe for photoacoustic imaging of hypoxia (2017)

Hypoxia occurs when limited oxygen supply impairs physiological functions and is a pathological hallmark of many diseases including cancer and ischemia. Thus, detection of hypoxia can guide treatment planning and serve as a predictor of patient prognosis. Unfortunately, current methods suffer from invasiveness, poor resolution and low specificity. To address these limitations, we present Hypoxia Probe 1 (HyP-1), a hypoxia-responsive agent for photoacoustic imaging. This emerging modality converts safe, non-ionizing light to ultrasound waves, enabling acquisition of high-resolution 3D images in deep tissue. HyP-1 features an N-oxide trigger that is reduced in the absence of oxygen by heme proteins such as CYP450 enzymes. Reduction of HyP-1 produces a spectrally distinct product, facilitating identification via photoacoustic imaging. HyP-1 exhibits selectivity for hypoxic activation in vitro, in living cells, and in multiple disease models in vivo. HyP-1 is also compatible with NIR fluorescence imaging, establishing its versatility as a multimodal imaging agent.
High Performance, Ultra-thin, Strained-Ge, Heterostructure FETs With High Mobility And Low Leakage (2006)

High mobility channel materials are very promising for enhanced transport in future nanoscale MOSFETs. However, because of their reduced bandgap, large Band-To-Band Tunneling (BTBT) leakage currents can ultimately limit the scalability of FETs incorporating high mobility (small bandgap) channels. For the first time, the tradeoffs between drive current (ION), intrinsic delay (τ), band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) leakage and short channel effects (SCE) have been systematically compared in futuristic high mobility materials, like strained-Si, strained-SiGe and relaxed-Ge. The optimal channel materials and device structures for nanoscale p-MOSFETs are discussed through detailed BTBT (including band structure and quantum effects), Full-Band Monte-Carlo, 1-D Poisson-Schrodinger simulations. We present a novel, Heterostructure FET, which can significantly reduce the off-state leakage currents, while retaining its high mobility, making it suitable for scaling into the sub-20nm regime. Through detailed experiments, we examine the enhanced transport and low leakage in ultra-thin, strained-Ge, heterostructure MOSFETs on bulk-Si and UT-SOI.
Digitally controlled chirped pulse laser for sub-terahertz-range fiber structure interrogation (2017)

This Letter reports a sweep velocity-locked laser pulse generator controlled using a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) circuit. This design is used for the interrogation of sub-terahertz-range fiber structures for sensing applications that require real-time data collection with millimeter-level spatial resolution. A distributed feedback laser was employed to generate chirped laser pulses via injection current modulation. A DPLL circuit was developed to lock the optical frequency sweep velocity. A high-quality linearly chirped laser pulse with a frequency excursion of 117.69 GHz at an optical communication band was demonstrated. The system was further adopted to interrogate a continuously distributed sub-terahertz-range fiber structure (sub-THz-fs) for sensing applications. A strain test was conducted in which the sub-THz-fs showed a linear response to longitudinal strain change with predicted sensitivity. Additionally, temperature testing was conducted in which a heat source was used to generate a temperature distribution along the fiber structure to demonstrate its distributed sensing capability. A Gaussian temperature profile was measured using the described system and tracked in real time, as the heat source was moved.
Estimating distortion of coded and non-coded frames for frameskip-optimized video coding (2001)

This paper focuses on the problem of estimating the distortion for coded and non-coded frames in a video coder that employs variable frameskip. The distortion for coded frames is given by classic rate-distortion models, however the distortion for non-coded frames has not been considered. Based on the optical flow equation, we formulate a method for estimating the distortion of the non-coded frames. Simulations verify that our estimation is quite accurate over a range of sequences with varying scene complexity. Such methods can be used to optimize the trade-off between spatial and temporal quality in the video coding process.