gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Function and Membrane Binding Properties Are Correlated for <i>Escherichia coli</i> lamB Signal Peptides (1985)

Wild-type and pseudorevertant signal peptides of the lamB gene product of Escherichia coli interact with lipid systems whereas a nonfunctional deletion mutant signal peptide does not. This conclusion is based on interaction of synthetic signal peptides with a lipid monolayer-water surface, conformational changes induced by presence of lipid vesicles in an aqueous solution of signal peptide, and capacities of the peptides to promote vesicle aggregation. Analysis of the signal sequences and previous conformational studies suggest that these lipid interaction properties may be attributable to the tendency of the functional signal peptides to adopt alpha-helical conformations. Although the possibility of direct interaction between the signal peptide and membrane lipids during protein secretion is controversial, the results suggest that conformationally related amphiphilicity and consequent membrane affinity of signal sequences are important for function in vivo.
β-Glycosidases: An alternative enzyme based method for synthesis of alkyl-glycosides (2013)

Alkyl-glycosides and -polyglycosides are environment friendly, non-ionic surfactants with favourable properties like biodegradability and chemical stability. These are extensively used in personal care products, pharmaceutical preparations and membrane protein research. Commercial production of these surfactants is carried out in multiple steps through Fischer glycosylation reactions under extreme conditions in the presence of toxic catalysts. β-glycosidases provide an alternative enzymatic method for their synthesis as these are easily available from microbial systems and exhibit broad substrate specificity and high stereo-selectivity. This review highlights the recent progress in glycosidase catalyzed synthesis of alkyl-glycosides. Several reaction parameters that affect the overall reaction kinetics, such as, water activity, nature of the glycosyl donor, pH of the reaction medium, reaction time, temperature and source of enzyme are discussed. Strategies available to enhance the yield, including two-phase solvent systems and immobilization are described. Current challenges and future prospects in the biological routes of synthesis are also reviewed.
Histological Staining of Amyloid and Pre-amyloid Peptides and Proteins in Mouse Tissue (2012)

The increased availability of transgenic mouse models for studying human diseases has shifted the focus of many laboratories from in vitro to in vivo assays. Herein, methods are described to allow investigators to obtain well-preserved mouse tissue to be stained with the standard histological dyes for amyloid, Congo Red, and Thioflavin S. These sections can as well be used for immunohistological procedures that allow detection of tissue amyloid and pre-amyloid, such as those composed of the amyloid-β peptide, the tau protein, and the islet amyloid polypeptide.
IL-4 and IL-13 Induce <i>SOCS-1</i> Gene Expression in A549 Cells by Three Functional STAT6-Binding Motifs Located Upstream of the Transcription Initiation Site (2003)

Proteins of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family have important functions as negative regulators of cytokine signaling. We show here that SOCS-1 expression can be induced in the human epithelial lung cell line A549 by IL-4 and IL-13. Analysis of reporter gene constructs under control of the SOCS-1 promoter provides evidence that IL-4- and IL-13-induced up-regulation is dependent on three IFN-gamma-activated sequence motifs of the sequence TTC(N)(4)GAA, which is known for binding STAT6. The three motifs are situated close to each other approximately 600 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. When mutations were inserted into all three IFN-gamma-activated sequence motifs at the same time, IL-4-IL-13-induced luciferase activity was abrogated. With single and double mutants, promoter activity was diminished in comparison with the wild-type promoter. STAT6 is therefore required for IL-4-IL-13-dependent SOCS-1 expression in A549 cells, and the three identified binding motifs cooperate to induce maximal transcription. EMSAs conducted with nuclear extracts of IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated A549 cells showed that STAT6 was able to bind to each of the three binding motifs. Finally, cotransfection of a SOCS-1 expression vector inhibited activation of SOCS-1 promoter luciferase constructs. Thus, SOCS-1 is able to autoregulate its expression via a negative feedback loop.
Chrome-reduced combination tanning for cleaner dyed sheep for processing. (2015)

Chrome tanning is essential for conventional processing of dyed sheep fur as it can provide fur with high hydrothermal stability suitable for dyeing of wool at a temperature around 70°C. However, a long float length and a big offer of chrome tanning agent (16 g/L) are required for the tanning process, which lead to poor uptake of chrome and excessive discharge of chrome in wastewater. In this study, reduction of chrome offer in dyed sheep fur production was investigated to develop a cleaner tanning technology. It was found that the even distribution of chrome and satisfactory dispersion of fur collagen matrix were achieved even though chrome tanning agent offer was reduced to 2 g/L and 4 g/L. But the shrinkage temperature of the furs was only 79°C and 85°C, respectively, which resulted in a sharp area shrink of fur in following high temperature dyeing. In the combination tannage using 10 g/L amphoteric organic tanning agent (TWT) and 2 g/L or 4 g/L chrome tanning agent, the shrinkage temperature of fur was higher than 90°C accompanied by a higher utilization of chrome. These combination tanned furs were capable of enduring dyeing process at 68°C for 8 h, and presented a high uptake of post tanning chemicals because they had an isoelectric point close to that of chrome tanned fur. More importantly, the physical properties of the combination tanned dyed furs were comparable to the dyed fur made by conventional chrome tanning using 16 g/L chrome tanning agent.
New Region-based Dynamic Numbering Scheme (2006)

To improve query processing, various numbering schemes for XML documents are proposed. However, the most of them have poor updating performance now. A new dynamic numbering scheme (DNS) is proposed based on analyzing some popular numbering schemes. DNS uses real numbers instead of integers to denote the region. Therefore it can utilize the gap between consecutive nodes to code the new node or subtree. Moreover, DNS can adjust the codes of some nodes in some parts of the whole tree according to the condition of updates.
How secure are secure interdomain routing protocols (2010)

In response to high-profile Internet outages, BGP security variants have been proposed to prevent the propagation of bogus routing information. To inform discussions of which variant should be deployed in the Internet, we quantify the ability of the main protocols (origin authentication, soBGP, S-BGP, and data-plane verification) to blunt traffic-attraction attacks; i.e., an attacker that deliberately attracts traffic to drop, tamper, or eavesdrop on packets.
Chlorella variabilis and Micractinium reisseri sp. nov. (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae): Redescription of the endosymbiotic green algae of Paramecium bursaria (Peniculia, Oligohymenophorea) in the 120th year (2010)

Symbiotic algae of the ciliate Paramecium bursaria (Ehrenberg) Focker are key species in the fields of virology and molecular evolutionary biology as well as in the biology of symbiotic relationships. These symbiotic algae were once identified as Zoochlorella conductrix Brandt by the Dutch microbiologist, Beijerinck 120 years ago. However, after many twists and turns, the algae are today treated as nameless organisms. Recent molecular analyses have revealed several different algal partners depending on P. bursaria strains, but nearly all P. bursaria contains a symbiont belonging to either the so-called ‘American’ or ‘European’ group. The absence of proper names for these algae is beginning to provoke ill effects in the above-mentioned study areas. In the present study, we confirmed the genetic autonomy of the ‘American’ and ‘European’ groups and described the symbionts as Chlorella variabilis Shihira et Krauss and Micractinium reisseri Hoshina, Iwataki et Imamura sp. nov., respectively (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae).
Prey for the Proteasome: Targeted Protein Degradation—A Medicinal Chemist's Perspective (2020)

Targeted protein degradation (TPD), the ability to control a proteins fate by triggering its degradation in a highly selective and effective manner, has created tremendous excitement in chemical biology and drug discovery within the past decades. The TPD field is spearheaded by small molecule induced protein degradation with molecular glues and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) paving the way to expand the druggable space and to create a new paradigm in drug discovery. However, besides the therapeutic angle of TPD a plethora of novel techniques to modulate and control protein levels have been developed. This enables chemical biologists to better understand protein function and to discover and verify new therapeutic targets. This Review gives a comprehensive overview of chemical biology techniques inducing TPD. It explains the strengths and weaknesses of these methods in the context of drug discovery and discusses their future potential from a medicinal chemist's perspective.
Martin Harris Comes to Utah, 1870 (2018)

[The following is an excerpt from chapter 14 of the new biography Martin Harris: Uncompromising Witness of the Book of Mormon by Susan Easton Black and Larry C. Porter. This biography, published by BYU Studies, will be available in October 2018. For further information, see the advertisement on page 208 of this issue.]
Some current applications, limitations and future perspectives of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics (2017)

Several mechanism and non-mechanism-based studies supporting the claim that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains confer health benefits and play immune-modulatory roles were examined in this review. Probiotic applications of LAB on global burdens such as obesity and type-2 diabetes were discussed as well as the use of yoghurt and ice cream as important vehicles to convey several beneficial LAB strains. Probiotic and symbiotic dairy products may be used in the nearest future to treat a variety of health disorders. Current studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic propensities on their hosts and thus can play a crucial role in human health care. Research in the rheological and physicochemical properties of ice cream as well as its applications are also on the increase. These applications face certain hurdles including technological (for less developed countries), consumer acceptability of new functional foods may be influenced by culture, ethics or religion. There is need for more studies on the genetic basis for probiotic properties which will give further understanding regarding novel manipulation skills and applicability in nutrition and health sectors. More studies confirming the direct effects of probiotic LABs in lowering the spread of food-borne and other pathogens are also anticipated.
M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulation of neurotransmission and cell excitability in rodent hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. (2010)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), specifically M1 and M4 subtypes, provide viable targets for the treatment of multiple central nervous system disorders. However, highly selective activators of either M1 or M4 have not been available, making it difficult to determine the in vivo effects of selective activation of these receptors. We have used cheminformatics and medicinal chemistry to develop new, highly selective M1 and M4 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). VU10010 potentiated the functional M4 response to acetylcholine while having no activity at other mAChR subtypes. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings revealed that VU10010 increased carbachol-induced depression of transmission at excitatory but not inhibitory synapses at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapse in the hippocampus. Chemical optimization of VU10010 afforded two centrally penetrant analogs, VU0152099 and VU0152100, which are also potent, selective M4 PAMs. Interestingly, these compounds reversed amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats, a model that is predictive of clinical antipsychotic efficacy in humans. A growing body of literature also supports M1 receptors as a viable target for treatment of disorders involving impaired cognitive function. Data in this thesis reports the molecular characterization of a novel compound, BQCA, which is a potent, highly selective PAM of the rat M1 receptor. BQCA induced a robust inward current and increased spontaneous EPSCs in mPFC layer V pyramidal cells, effects which were absent in acute slices from M1 receptor knockout mice. Furthermore, multiple single-unit recordings were obtained from the mPFC of rats which showed that BQCA increased
Fetch directed instruction prefetching (1999)

Instruction supply is a crucial component of processor performance. Instruction prefetching has been proposed as a mechanism to help reduce instruction cache misses, which in turn can help increase instruction supply to the processor. In this paper we examine a new instruction prefetch architecture called Fetch Directed Prefetching, and compare it to the performance of next-line prefetching and streaming buffers. This architecture uses a decoupled branch predictor and instruction cache, so the branch predictor can run ahead of the instruction cache fetch. In addition, we examine marking fetch blocks in the branch predictor that are kicked out of the instruction cache, so branch predicted fetch blocks can be accurately prefetched. Finally, we model the use of idle instruction cache ports to filter prefetch requests, thereby saving bus bandwidth to the L2 cache.
Continuous Frequency Adjustment Technique Based on Dynamic Workload Prediction (2008)

Real-time embedded systems increasingly rely on dynamic power management to balance between power and performance goals. In this paper, we present a technique for continuous frequency adjustment (CFA) which enables one to adjust the frequency values of various functional blocks in the system at very low granularity so as to minimize energy while meeting a performance constraint. A key feature of the proposed technique is that the workload characteristics for functional blocks are effectively captured at runtime to generate a frequency value that is continuously adjusted, thereby eliminating the delay and energy penalties incurred by transitions between power-saving modes. The workload prediction is accomplished by solving an initial value problem (IVP). Applying CFA to a real-time system in 65 nm CMOS technology, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique by reporting 13.6% energy saving under a performance constraint.
Coupled Mode Analysis of Crosstalk in Multicore Fiber with Random Perturbations (2015)

A simple, general crosstalk formula is derived for multicore fibers with random perturbations using coupled mode theory. Analytical crosstalk expressions under exponential and Gaussian correlation length distributions are presented. Experimental results agree well with theory.
Simulation of Droplet Ejection for a Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing Device (2004)

A computer-aided analysis system has been developed in this study to simulate the formation, ejection, and impact of liquid droplet in a piezoelectric inkjet printing device. The effects of voltage pulse of the piezoelectric actuator and surface tension of the liquid on the droplet ejection phenomena are evaluated by the simulation system. The droplet ejection is a fluid flow phenomenon, which involves two phases (liquid and gas) and free surface evolution of the liquid. The computer simulation system is based on a SOLA (Solution Algorithm) scheme coupled with VOF (Volume of Fluid)/PLIC (Piecewise-Linear Interface Construction) and CSF (Continuum Surface Force) models. To simplify the simulated system, only the nozzle region of the inkjet printing device is considered. The behavior of the piezoelectric diaphragm is imposed on the simulation system by a moving boundary, which is determined by the velocity profile corresponding to the driving voltage. The effects of the surface tension of the liquid are evaluated by the CSF model. The results show that comprehensive images of the inkjet dynamics, which include the evolution of the droplet; from formation, ejection to impact, can be revealed by the simulations. The effects of surface tension of the liquid on the size and flying velocity of the droplet as well as the formation of the satellite droplets can also be evaluated by the simulation system.
Mobile Visual Search: Architectures, Technologies, and the Emerging MPEG Standard (2011)

Modern-era mobile phones and tablets I have evolved into powerful image and video-processing devices, equipped with high-resolution cameras, color displays, and hardware-accelerated graphics. They are also equipped with location sensors (GPS receiver, compass, and gyroscope), and connected to broadband wireless networks, allowing fast in formation transmission and enabling a class of applications that use the phone's built-in cam era to initiate search queries about objects in the user's visual proximity. Such applications can be used, for example, for identifying and comparing products and for finding information about movies, CDs, real estate, printed media, or art. First deploy ments of mobile visual-search systems include Google Goggles.
Crystal and molecular structure of D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose; dimeric form in the solid state (1976)

L. Kr. Hansen, A. Hordvik and R. Hove, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 572 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000572
Spheroid array of fetal mouse liver cells constructed on a PEG-gel micropatterned surface: upregulation of hepatic functions by co-culture with nonparenchymal liver cells (2009)

A spheroid array of fetal mouse liver cells, which comprise various immature cells, was constructed on a PEG-gel micropatterned surface and its hepatic activity and degree of differentiation induction were significantly upregulated by co-culture with nonparenchymal liver cells as feeder-cells.
Content‐Independent Multi‐Spectral Display Using Superimposed Projections (2015)

Abstract Many works focus on multi‐spectral capture and analysis, but multi‐spectral display still remains a challenge. Most prior works on multi‐primary displays use ad‐hoc narrow band primaries that assure a larger color gamut, but cannot assure a good spectral reproduction. Content‐dependent spectral analysis is the only way to produce good spectral reproduction, but cannot be applied to general data sets. Wide primaries are better suited for assuring good spectral reproduction due to greater coverage of the spectral range, but have not been explored much. In this paper we explore the use of wide band primaries for accurate spectral reproduction for the first time and present the first content‐independent multi‐spectral display achieved using superimposed projections with modified wide band primaries. We present a content‐independent primary selection method that selects a small set of n primaries from a large set of m candidate primaries where m > n. Our primary selection method chooses primaries with complete coverage of the range of visible wavelength (for good spectral reproduction accuracy), low interdependency (to limit the primaries to a small number) and higher light throughput (for higher light efficiency). Once the primaries are selected, the input values of the different primary channels to generate a desired spectrum are computed using an optimization method that minimizes spectral mismatch while maximizing visual quality. We implement a real prototype of multi‐spectral display consisting of 9‐primaries using three modified conventional 3‐primary projectors, and compare it with a conventional display to demonstrate its superior performance. Experiments show our display is capable of providing large gamut assuring a good visual appearance while displaying any multi‐spectral images at a high spectral accuracy.
Multiple Marker Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci of Finnish Dairy Cattle by Regression (1997)

A total of 453 bulls belonging to 11 half-sib families of Finnish Ayrshires were genotyped for six microsatellite markers on chromosome 9. The data were used in an attempt to map quantitative trait loci applying regression as a multimarker approach. For association analysis with a granddaughter design, the EBV for 12 traits were used: milk yield, protein yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, daughter weight, bull growth, calf mortality, days open, fertility treatments, nonreturn rate, SCC, and clinical mastitis. The empirical values of significance thresholds were determined using a permutation test on the experimental data. Although no significant effects were found, the results indicate some support for the existence of a locus on chromosome 9 that affects milk and protein yields.
Climacturia Following Radical Prostatectomy: Prevalence and Risk Factors (2006)

Climacturia is a common clinical entity, occurring in almost half of all patients after radical prostatectomy. It can be a significant problem with respect to urine volume loss, associated bother and condom use. Patients must be informed about this complication before undergoing radical prostatectomy.
Equestrian Coaches' Understanding and Application of Learning Theory in Horse Training (2008)

ABSTRACTTo assess the knowledge of learning theory among accredited equestrian coaches in Australia, a 20-item questionnaire was distributed to all coaches registered with the National Coaches Accreditation Scheme in Australia (n = 830). Of the 206 respondents, 79.5% considered positive reinforcement to be "very useful," yet only 2.8% correctly explained its use in horse training. When asked about the usefulness of negative reinforcement, 19.3% of coaches considered it "very useful," with 11.9% correctly explaining its use. Punishment was rated "very useful" by 5.2% of respondents, although only eight coaches (5.4%) explained punishment correctly. Release of pressure was considered the most effective reward for horses among respondents (78.2%). These results indicate that many equestrian coaches lack a correct understanding of positive and negative reinforcement as they apply to horse training. Given that qualified coaches play a significant role in the dissemination of information on training practices, this highlights the need for improved education of equestrian coaches. Education to remedy this situation has the potential to enhance the welfare of horses through reduced behavioral conflict and improve training outcomes.Keywords: behaviorhorsereinforcementtrainingwelfare