gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for Anaerobic Growth on Xylose (2003)

Xylose utilization is of commercial interest for efficient conversion of abundant plant material to ethanol. Perhaps the most important ethanol-producing organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, is incapable of xylose utilization. While S. cerevisiae strains have been metabolically engineered to utilize xylose, none of the recombinant strains or any other naturally occurring yeast has been able to grow anaerobically on xylose. Starting with the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain TMB3001 that overexpresses the xylose utilization pathway from Pichia stipitis, in this study we developed a selection procedure for the evolution of strains that are capable of anaerobic growth on xylose alone. Selection was successful only when organisms were first selected for efficient aerobic growth on xylose alone and then slowly adapted to microaerobic conditions and finally anaerobic conditions, which indicated that multiple mutations were necessary. After a total of 460 generations or 266 days of selection, the culture reproduced stably under anaerobic conditions on xylose and consisted primarily of two subpopulations with distinct phenotypes. Clones in the larger subpopulation grew anaerobically on xylose and utilized both xylose and glucose simultaneously in batch culture, but they exhibited impaired growth on glucose. Surprisingly, clones in the smaller subpopulation were incapable of anaerobic growth on xylose. However, as a consequence of their improved xylose catabolism, these clones produced up to 19% more ethanol than the parental TMB3001 strain produced under process-like conditions from a mixture of glucose and xylose.
High Thermal Conductivity and High Wear Resistance Tool Steels for cost-effective Hot Stamping Tools (2017)

In hot stamping/press hardening, in addition to its shaping function, the tool controls the cycle time, the quality of the stamped components through determining the cooling rate of the stamped blank, the production costs and the feasibility frontier for stamping a given component. During the stamping, heat is extracted from the stamped blank and transported through the tool to the cooling medium in the cooling lines. Hence, the tools' thermal properties determine the cooling rate of the blank, the heat transport mechanism, stamping times and temperature distribution. The tool's surface resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear is also an important cost factor, as it determines the tool durability and maintenance costs. Wear is influenced by many tool material parameters, such as the microstructure, composition, hardness level and distribution of strengthening phases, as well as the tool's working temperature. A decade ago, Rovalma developed a hot work tool steel for hot stamping that features a thermal conductivity of more than double that of any conventional hot work tool steel. Since that time, many complimentary grades have been developed in order to provide tailored material solutions as a function of the production volume, degree of blank cooling and wear resistance requirements, tool geometries, tool manufacturing method, type and thickness of the blank material, etc. Recently, Rovalma has developed a new generation of high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance tool steel grades that enable the manufacture of cost effective tools for hot stamping to increase process productivity and reduce tool manufacturing costs and lead times. Both of these novel grades feature high wear resistance and high thermal conductivity to enhance tool durability and cut cycle times in the production process of hot stamped components. Furthermore, one of these new grades reduces tool manufacturing costs through low tool material cost and hardening through readily available gas-quenching, whereas the other new grade enables a faster manufacturing of the tool at reduced cost by eliminating the time and money consuming high temperature hardening altogether. The latter newly developed grade can be hardened from a soft delivery state for easy machining to 52 HRc by way of a simple low temperature precipitation hardening. In this work, these new grades and the role of the tool material's thermal, mechanical and tribological properties as well as their processing features will be discussed in light of enabling the manufacture of intelligent hot stamping tools.
Two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy in the pump-probe geometry (2007)

Two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy is performed by using a collinear pulse-pair pump and probe geometry with conventional optics. Simultaneous collection of the third-order response and pulse-pair timing permit automated phasing and rapid acquisition of 2D absorptive spectra. To demonstrate the ability of this method to capture molecular dynamics, couplings and structure found in the conventional boxcar 2D FT spectroscopy, a series of 2D spectra of a metal carbonyl, and a beta-sheet protein are acquired.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibitor (2011)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) represents a relevant target for cancer therapy in light of its role in promoting oncogenesis and tumor progression. Through the screening of an in-house focused compound library, we identified N-methyl-3-(1-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-5-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)propanamide (22) as a novel ILK inhibitor (IC(50), 0.6 μM), which exhibited high in vitro potency against a panel of prostate and breast cancer cell lines (IC(50), 1-2.5 μM), while normal epithelial cells were unaffected. Compound 22 facilitated the dephosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473 and other ILK targets, including glycogen synthase kinase-3β and myosin light chain. Moreover, 22 suppressed the expression of the transcription/translation factor YB-1 and its targets HER2 and EGFR in PC-3 cells, which could be rescued by the stable expression of constitutively active ILK. Evidence indicates that 22 induced autophagy and apoptosis, both of which were integral to its antiproliferative activity. Together, this broad spectrum of mechanisms underlies the therapeutic potential of 22 in cancer treatment, which is manifested by its in vivo efficacy as a single oral agent in suppressing PC-3 xenograft tumor growth.
Improved Processes for the Recovery of Nitric and Sulfuric Acids from Nitration Plants (2013)

De Dietrich Process Systems has a long history in the recovery of nitric and sulfuric acids for all different types of nitration processes. Most of these recovery operations are tailor-made designs and provide the most efficient solutions to our customers. We fabricate the equipment needed for these operations from highly corrosion resistant borosilicate glass and glass-lined steel. An improved system to recycle acid in a DNT manufacturing facility is discussed.
Looking for new high-Tc superconductors (1991)

A major driving force in the field of high Tc superconductivity during the first few years has been the search for new materials. ‘‘Why copper and bismuth oxides?’’ is a question that is often raised. This paper summarizes recent results on nonsuperconducting BaSn1−xSbxO3 and La1−xSrxNiO4, which were studied in an attempt to address that question. Recent results on the new 60 K superconductor La1.6Sr0.4CaCu2O6 are also described.
Estimates of perceived spatial quality across the listening area (2010)

This paper describes a computational model for the prediction of perceived spatial quality for reproduced sound at arbitrary locations in the listening area. The model is specifically designed to evaluate distortions in the spatial domain such as changes in source location, width and envelopment. Maps of perceived spatial quality across the listening area are presented from our initial results.
High Magnetic Saturation Poles for Advanced Perpendicular Writers (2007)

Advanced perpendicular writers continue to demand maximum write fields, fast rise times at ever vanishing head-media spacing and strict reliability standards. This means that the asymptotic progression to a 2.4 T pole with nearly ideal magnetic response continues. At the same time we must control critical pole dimensions, fabricate at a reasonable cost while protecting against corrosion and erasure risks. We will review progress made to meet this challenge in a discussion of high moment materials utilizing electroplating and sputter deposition for single layer films and laminates. Concerns for corrosion will be assessed and minimized by controls on key contaminants. Micromagnetic modeling will be used to study the phenomenology and expected performance impacts of these various materials and structures. Results will be used to provide a better insight into the potential materials/design tradeoffs that must be made. In conclusion, performance and reliability will be assessed through electrical testing.
<title>Single lens joint transform correlator for high-resolution position location</title> (1996)

This paper demonstrates the use of the single lens joint transform correlator (SLJTC) to precisely determine the target location for on-axis correlation with the targets superimposed. The SLJTC is a two stage processor with an input stage identical to the chirp-encoded joint transform correlator. The first stage computes the chirp-modulated joint power spectrum. The correlation signal in the chirp-encoded joint power spectrum is an amplitude encoded lens function of Fresnel zone plate. The correlation output is in the focal plane of this zone plate. The location of the center of the zone plate is proportional to the correlation location. The magnification of the correlation plane is determined by the chirp displacement. This is used to amplify small shifts in the correlation location. The SLJTC has been experimentally demonstrated with an output plane magnification of 6.3 and a peak-to-noise ratio of 16.7 dB.
Abstract 4786: MiR-17-92 expression in differentiated T cells - Implications for cancer immunotherapy (2010)

Abstract As type-1 T cells have been shown to mediate effective anti-tumor immune response, we sought to identify microRNA (miRs) differentially regulated between type-1 and type-2 T cells, and determine how the expression of such miRs are regulated. We performed miR microarray analyses on in vitro differentiated murine T helper type-1 (Th1) and T helper type-2 (Th2) cells to identify differentially expressed miRs. We used RT-PCR to confirm the differential expression levels. WST-1, ELISA, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the survival, function and phenotype of cells, respectively. Lastly, we employed mice transgenic for the identified miRs to determine the biological impact of the miR expression in T cells. Our miR microarray analyses revealed that the miR-17-92 cluster is one of the most significantly over-expressed miR in murine Th1 cells compared with Th2 cells. RT-PCR confirmed that the miR-17-92 cluster expression was consistently higher in Th1 cells than Th2 cells. Disruption of the IL-4 signaling through either IL-4 neutralizing antibody or knockout of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 reversed the miR-17-92 cluster suppression in Th2 cells. Furthermore, T cells from tumor bearing mice and glioma patients had decreased levels of miR-17-92 compared with cells from non-tumor bearing counterparts. CD4+ T cells derived from miR-17-92 transgenic mice demonstrated superior type-1 phenotype with increased IFN-γ production and very late antigen (VLA)-4 expression when compared with counterparts derived from wild type mice. Finally Jurkat T cells ectopically expressing increased levels of miR-17-92 cluster members demonstrated increased IL-2 production and resistance to activation-induced cell death (AICD). Collectively, our data suggest that the type-2-skewing tumor microenvironment can induce the down-regulation of miR-17-92 expression in T cells, thereby diminishing the persistence of tumor-specific T cells and tumor destruction. Genetic engineering of T cells to express miR-17-92 may prove to be a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4786.
InP&#8212;CdS solar cells (1977)

We report single crystal InP-CdS solar cells having AM2 efficiencies of 15 percent and polycrystalline thin-film cells having AM2 efficiencies of 5.7 percent. Basic studies of the interface reveal that the thin-film efficiency is presently limited at least in part by the quality of the InP within the grains, and not exclusively by interface phenomena intrinsic to a polycrystalline cell. Preliminary accelerated life tests indicate a remarkable insensitivity of these unencapsulated cells to the ambient.
An Intelligent Scoring System and Its Application to Cardiac Arrest Prediction (2012)

Traditional risk score prediction is based on vital signs and clinical assessment. In this paper, we present an intelligent scoring system for the prediction of cardiac arrest within 72 h. The patient population is represented by a set of feature vectors, from which risk scores are derived based on geometric distance calculation and support vector machine. Each feature vector is a combination of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and vital signs. Performance evaluation is conducted on the leave-one-out cross-validation framework, and receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are reported. Experimental results reveal that the proposed scoring system not only achieves satisfactory performance on determining the risk of cardiac arrest within 72 h but also has the ability to generate continuous risk scores rather than a simple binary decision by a traditional classifier. Furthermore, the proposed scoring system works well for both balanced and imbalanced datasets, and the combination of HRV parameters and vital signs shows superiority in prediction to using HRV parameters only or vital signs only.
Evaluation of system reliability for a cloud computing system with imperfect nodes (2011)

Abstract From the perspective of system design and quality of service (QoS), system reliability is one of the essential performance indicators to measure the probable reliability of a network. In terms of a practical cloud computing system (CCS), edges and nodes have various capacities or states due to failure, partial failure, or maintenance. Thus, the CCS is a typical capacitated‐flow network. To guarantee a good level of quality and reliability, the CCS should be maintained, so as not to fall into a failed state whereby it cannot provide sufficient capacity to satisfy demand. Thus, system reliability is developed in this paper to evaluate the capability of the CCS to send d units of data from the cloud to the client through two paths under both the maintenance budget and time constraints. An algorithm with an adjusting procedure based on the branch‐and‐bound approach is proposed to evaluate the system reliability. The relevant proof shows that the proposed algorithm is reasonable and appropriate for measuring the system reliability of the CCS. According to different maintenance budgets and corresponding system reliability, the system supervisor could determine a reasonable maintenance budget to maintain a good level of quality and reliability of the CCS. From the perspective of system design, the system supervisor could further conduct a sensitivity analysis to improve or investigate the most important part in a large CCS based on system reliability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Who Is Calling Which Page on the Web? (2014)

Web identity and resolution identifies, authenticates, and locates users on the Web. It's a critical aspect of Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC), a joint W3C and IETF effort to develop standards for secure real-time communication over the Web. Although WebRTC proposes a security architecture to integrate with federated Web identity systems, the architecture isn't compatible with identity protocols that don't satisfy WebRTC requirements. To fill the gap, the authors describe two alternative architectures to adapt incompatible identity protocols to the WebRTC security architecture. They also describe a Web-of-trust model to address hierarchical identity systems' limitations, and a mirror-presence system to locate users on the Web in real time while they are moving between websites.
Pyrolysis of Agricultural and Forest Wastes (1992)

Pyrolysis of biomass materials has been practised for many years to prepare charcoal. However, in recent years, it has been shown that short residence time pyrolysis at high heating rates can give high conversions to liquid products. The liquid obtained in these processes can contain surprisingly large amounts of specific oxychemicals or anhydro sugars which are of industrial interest. The amounts of liquid products obtainable and the chemical characteristics of typical liquids from various biomass feedstocks are described. Modifications of the fast pyrolysis process can influence selectivity and different products can then be produced. Finally, some results of research on upgrading or conversion of bio-oil fractions to higher value products is described. It is concluded that fast pyrolysis can represent a direct route to the production of a variety of special chemical products.
Stokes shift spectroscopy for biomedical applications and bio-agent sensing (2004)

Stokes shift Spectroscopy (Sss) is a technique that combines excitation and emission spectroscopy to enhance the ability to identify fluorescence signatures when several biomolecules with overlapping spectra are present. Sss provides an improved method to measure the spectral fingerprints of fluorophores with broad emission bands in situations with large noise levels. In this work, the Sss technique was used in two different applications the detection of malignancy in tissues, and in situ sensing and monitoring of bio-agents (bacteria and viruses).
Alternating-gradient canted cosine theta superconducting magnets for future compact proton gantries (2015)

We present a design of superconducting magnets, optimized for application in a gantry for proton therapy. We have introduced a new magnet design concept, called an alternating-gradient canted cosine theta (AG-CCT) concept, which is compatible with an achromatic layout. This layout allows a large momentum acceptance. The 15 cm radius of the bore aperture enables the application of pencil beam scanning in front of the SC-magnet. The optical and dynamic performance of a gantry based on these magnets has been analyzed using the fields derived (via Biot-Savart law) from the actual windings of the AG-CCT combined with the full equations of motion. The results show that with appropriate higher order correction, a large 3D volume can be rapidly scanned with little beam shape distortion. A very big advantage is that all this can be done while keeping the AG-CCT fields fixed. This reduces the need for fast field ramping of the superconducting magnets between the successive beam energies used for the scanning in depth and it is important for medical application since this reduces the technical risk (e.g., a quench) associated with fast field changes in superconducting magnets. For proton gantries the corresponding superconducting magnet system holds promise of dramatic reduction in weight. For heavier ion gantries there may furthermore be a significant reduction in size.
Leg Length Equalization During Total Hip Replacement (1990)

A method of equalization of leg lengths during total hip replacement surgery was developed which utilizes the concept of equalizing the vertical dimensions of the resected femoral head and neck segment and the remaining hip joint cartilage space, which are removed during the procedure, with the vertical dimensions of the femoral and acetabular prostheses, which are implanted into that void. This was accomplished by determining the dimensions of the prostheses from careful preoperative templating technique and by using a simple arithmetic formula to determine the level of the femoral neck osteotomy. The level of the osteotomy was made by a measurement from the top of the dislocated head of the femur to the medial femoral neck calcar. The radiologic postoperative leg length differences of a consecutive series of 84 patients undergoing primary total hip replacement using this method were determined. The average discrepancy was 2.8 mm. Seventy-five patients (89%) were found to have a postoperative leg length discrepancy of 6 mm (1/4 inch) or less. Six patients (7%) had a discrepancy of 7 to 13 mm, and only three patients (4%) had more than 13 mm (1/2 inch) leg length difference. Using this technique only two patients (2.5%) with unilateral hip replacements had leg lengthening of more than 6 mm.
Laser‐Induced Graphene in Controlled Atmospheres: From Superhydrophilic to Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2017)

The modification of graphene-based materials is an important topic in the field of materials research. This study aims to expand the range of properties for laser-induced graphene (LIG), specifically to tune the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the LIG surfaces. While LIG is normally prepared in the air, here, using selected gas atmospheres, a large change in the water contact angle on the as-prepared LIG surfaces has been observed, from 0° (superhydrophilic) when using O<sub>2</sub> or air, to >150° (superhydrophobic) when using Ar or H<sub>2</sub> . Characterization of the newly derived surfaces shows that the different wetting properties are due to the surface morphology and chemical composition of the LIG. Applications of the superhydrophobic LIG are shown in oil/water separation as well as anti-icing surfaces, while the versatility of the controlled atmosphere chamber fabrication method is demonstrated through the improved microsupercapacitor performance generated from LIG films prepared in an O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere.
Compact 100 mW fiber laser with 2 kHz linewidth (2003)

A novel single frequency fiber laser with more than 100 mW output is presented. Low noise and a coherence length of >75 km make this laser extremely useful in sensing, LIDAR, and coherent communication applications.
Synthesis of iron-based bulk metallic glasses as nonferromagnetic amorphous steel alloys (2003)

Iron-based amorphous metals are investigated as nonferromagnetic amorphous steel alloys with magnetic transition temperatures well below ambient temperatures. Rod-shaped amorphous samples with diameters reaching 4 mm are obtained using injection casting. Amorphous steel alloys are designed by considering atomistic factors that enhance the stability of the amorphous phase, coupled with the realization of low-lying liquidus temperatures. The present alloys are found to exhibit superior mechanical strengths. In particular, the elastic moduli are comparable to those reported for super austenitic steels.