gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergy Between Ruminal Fibrolytic Enzymes and Enzymes from Trichoderma Longibrachiatum (2000)

The mechanism by which enzyme additives improve feed digestion in ruminants is not fully understood. Direct hydrolysis of feed in the rumen is a potential mode of action, but the importance of this mode needs to be quantified because of the relatively low exogenous hydrolase activity added compared with the total activity present in the rumen. We examined the interactions between ruminal and exogenous enzymes on fiber degradation using a completely randomized experimental design, with an 11 (enzyme preparations and their combinations) x 5 (assay pH) arrangement of treatments. Ruminal enzymes were extracted from cattle receiving high fiber or high concentrate diets and exogenous enzymes were Trichoderma longibrachiatum preparations containing different proportions of xylanase and cellulase activities. Ruminal and exogenous enzyme preparations and their combinations were tested for the ability to degrade soluble cellulose, xylan, and corn silage over a range of pH from 4.5 to 6.5 at 39 degrees C. T. longibrachiatum enzymes acted synergistically with enzymes from mixed rumen microorganisms in degrading soluble cellulose, xylan, and corn silage. Hydrolysis increased by up to 35, 100, and 40% for soluble cellulose, xylan, and corn silage, respectively, and was most evident at a pH range between 5.0 and 6.0. The synergistic effect between ruminal and exogenous enzymes increases the hydrolytic potential within the rumen environment and is likely a significant mechanism by which enzyme additives improve feed digestion.
Flexible Skin with Two-Axis Bending Capability Made Using Weaving-By-Lithography Fabrication Method (2006)

In this paper, we report the general design of a two-axis bendable flexible skin and its companion fabrication method. Conventional flexible skins can only bend along one axis. For example, they may be rolled onto a circular cylinder conformally but not onto a sphere. Our flexible skin features a novel interwoven structure inspired by cloth fabric. The horizontal and vertical threads of the skin are not connected; they are free to slide and rotate against each other, therefore enabling the skin to adjust its shape to conform to complex curvatures. To demonstrate the potential for future applications, we have embedded passive RF elements (planar coil inductors) inside the skin. The inductance value is experimentally determined to be 106 µ H.
Novel neutron focusing mirrors for compact neutron sources (2012)

We demonstrated neutron beam focusing and neutron imaging using axisymmetric optics, based on pairs of confocal ellipsoid and hyperboloid mirrors. Such systems, known as Wolter mirrors, are commonly used in x-ray telescopes. A system containing four nested Ni mirror pairs was implemented and tested by focusing a polychromatic neutron beam at the MIT Reactor and conducting an imaging experiment at HFIR. The major advantage of the Wolter mirrors is the possibility of nesting for large angular collection. Using nesting, the relatively short optics can be made comparable to focusing guides in flux collection capabilities. We discuss how such optics can be used as polychromatic lenses to improve the performance of small-angle-scattering, imaging, and other instruments at compact neutron sources.
Biologically Inspired Polarization-Difference Imaging (1997)

Without appropriate instruments, human eyes cannot effectively sense the polarization of light. However, it is well known that the eyes of certain animal species are sensitive to light's polarization. Motivated and inspired by hypotheses about the polarization sensitivity of the visual systems of such animals, our research group has been studying and developing an imaging methodology based on "polarization-difference" signals. We have shown that our man-made polarization-difference imaging (PDI) technique can, under certain circumstances, substantially improve contrast and enhance visibility of targets in scattering media. In this talk, a review of our work in the area of biologically inspired PDI will be given and some of our recent results in PDI of objects will be presented and discussed.
Novel Optical Access Network Virtualization and Dynamic Resource Allocation Algorithms for the Internet of Things (2015)

Novel optical access network virtualization and resource allocation algorithms for Internet-of-Things support are proposed and implemented on a real-time SDN-controller platform. 30–50% gains in served request number, traffic prioritization, and revenue are demonstrated.
Investigation of Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors and the Development of a Prototype Rotating Stall Control System (1973)

The report summarizes the results of a three year program on rotating stall in axial flow compressors conducted at Calspan Corporation (formerly Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory). The work encompassed both experimental and theoretical investigations of rotating stall and the development of a prototype rotating stall control system. The experimental portion of the program included investigation of the effects of blade chord and solidity upon rotating stall properties and inception as well as an investigation of the effect of blade row rotation on blade row performance. In addition, an experiment to determine the stability of the flow through a blade row was conducted. A two-dimensional small-disturbance stability theory was developed to predict the inception of rotating stall. A single balde row and two blade row version of the theory were developed.
Torque Ripple Suppression Control Based on the Periodic Disturbance Observer with a Complex Vector Representation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2012)

This paper introduces a method for torque ripple suppression control involving the use of the periodic disturbance observer. By using the Fourier transform (or rotating coordinate transform and a low-pass filter), the torque ripple component, which is synchronized with the motor rotation, can easily be obtained owing to its periodic variations. With the new control method, a suppression control system synchronized with the torque ripple frequency can be built. Further, by using the system identification technique, the model system from compensating current value to torque detection value can be expressed as a speed-adjustable one-dimension complex vector in rotating coordinates. This method is suitable for an adjustable-speed drive, and the control parameters and reference model can be adjusted automatically. The most important feature of this method is its excellent performance for mechanical resonance suppression caused by torque ripple. This paper presents analysis and experimental results that validate the method.
Design Guidelines for Components Die Cast in Creep-Resistant Magnesium Alloys MRI153M and MRI230D (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Magnesium high pressure die casting alloys MRI 153M and MRI 230D offer attractive properties at elevated temperatures up to 150°C and 190°C, respectively. The presence of specific alloying elements results in different physical and metallurgical properties of new alloys as well as their solidification characteristics during the HPDC process, compared to AZ91D alloy. Hence, process parameters, such as melt and die temperature and injection profile, should be optimized. Furthermore, principles for proper die design, such as gate thickness and runners system, should be considered and addressed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents design and process guidelines, in order to optimize the HPDC process of the above alloys and produce high performance components.</div>
Full Bottom Dielectric Isolation to Enable Stacked Nanosheet Transistor for Low Power and High Performance Applications (2019)

In this paper, full bottom dielectric isolation (BDI) is first demonstrated on horizontally stacked Nanosheet device structures with Lmetal 12 nm. The comparison of full BDI scheme vs punch through stopper (PTS) scheme has been systematically studied. By comparing off-state leakage current, short channel behavior and effective capacitance (Ceff) for both schemes, we show that BDI could potentially provide: 1) good immunity of sub-channel leakage due to process variation (from parasitic "fat-Fin" which is unique in Nanosheet structure); 2) power-performance co-optimization.
Preparation and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Liposomal Complete-Core Lipopolysaccharide Vaccine (2000)

Our objective is to develop a prophylactic vaccine strategy that can be evaluated for surgical and other high-risk hospitalized patients. In this paper, we describe the preparation and preclinical evaluation of a liposomal complete-core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccine that is nontoxic and broadly antigenic. Complete-core (Ra-chemotype) LPSs were isolated from four gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli K-12, E. coli R1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC608, and Bacteroides fragilis), mixed together to form a cocktail of complete-core LPSs, and then incorporated into multilamellar liposomes consisting of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol in a 4:1:4 molar ratio. The endotoxic activities of these LPS-containing liposomes were less than 0.1% of the endotoxicities of the original free LPSs as measured by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. In vivo administration of liposomal complete-core LPS mixed with Al(OH)(3) to rabbits resulted in no pyrogenicity or overt toxicity over a 7-day period. In immunoblots, sera from rabbits following active immunization elicited cross-reactive antibodies to a large panel of rough and smooth LPSs from numerous clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli (serotypes O1, O4, O6, O8, O12, O15, O18, O75, O86, O157, and O111), P. aeruginosa (Fisher-Devlin serotypes 1, 2, and 3, which correspond to International Antigenic Typing Scheme types 6, 11, and 2, respectively), Klebsiella pneumoniae (serotypes O1, O2ab, and O3), B. fragilis, and Bacteroides vulgatus. Active immunization of mice with liposomal complete-core LPS provided protection against a lethal challenge with E. coli O18 LPS. The vaccine tested was nontoxic, nonpyrogenic, and immunogenic against a wide variety of pathogens found in clinical settings.
Studies on griseolic acid derivatives. VII. Synthesis and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of the C4' - C5' hydrogenated products of griseolic acid and their base-exchanged derivatives. (1988)

Addition reactions of the C4'-C5' double bond of griseolic acid were investigated. C4'-C5' Dihydrogriseolic acid was obtained by reduction of the adduct having halogen at the 4'-position. The ring juncture of the two five-membered rings of the C4'-C5' dihydro derivatives was of all- “cis” configuration. Acetolysis of the protected dihydrogriseolic acid gave the corresponding 1'-acetoxy sugar derivative. Reaction of this sugar derivative with silylated bases gave guanine and uracil derivatives of the dihydrogriseolic acid. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibitory activity of the C4'-C5' cis dihydrogriseolic acid derivative was weaker than that of griseolic acid. The uracil derivative of C4'-C5' cis dihydrogriseolic acid completely lost the inhibitory activity against both adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) PDE, whereas the guanine derivative showed reduced inhibitory activity against cAMP PDE, but retained its activity against cGMP PDE. It was also apparent that the C4'-C5' trans dihydro derivative which was obtained as a minor product from the same culture broth of griseolic acid had almost the same inhibitory activity as griseolic acid.
The Design of Optimal Lattice Structures Manufactured by Maypole Braiding (2015)

Beginning with the maypole braiding process and its inherent constraints, we develop a design methodology for the realization of optimal braided composite lattice structures. This process requires novel geometric, mechanical, and optimization procedures for comprehensive design-ability, while taking full advantage of the capabilities of maypole braiding. The composite lattice structures are braided using yarns comprised of multiple prepreg carbon fiber (CF) tows that are themselves consolidated in a thin braided jacket to maintain round cross sections. Results show that optimal lattice-structure tubes provide significant improvement over smooth-walled CF tubes and nonoptimal lattices in torsion and bending, while maintaining comparable axial stiffness (AE).
Implementation algorithms for the window-time space flow control (WTFC) (2003)

A window-time-space flow control (WTFC) end to end flow control algorithm is developed on the basis of the window-time (WT) plane. It enables the transmitter to estimate its optimal packet sending rate and window, under the condition that the total network capacity is known. In this paper, WTFC implementation algorithms are presented. The connection startup algorithm assures appropriate channel usage at the beginning of the data flow, the window correction algorithm provides window approximation in the case of combined window and rate control, while the path capacity correction algorithm is used to recover from the inaccurate total path capacity estimation. Simulation measurement results are presented and analyzed.
Pattern Placement Accuracy in Block Copolymer Directed Self-Assembly Based on Chemical Epitaxy (2012)

The realization of viable designs for circuit patterns using the dense features formed by block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) will require a precise and quantitative understanding of self-assembled feature registration to guiding templates or chemical prepatterns. Here we report measurements of DSA placement error for lamellar block copolymer domains indexed to specific lines in the surface chemical prepattern for spatial frequency tripling and quadrupling. These measurements are made possible by the use of an inorganic domain-selective prepattern material that may be imaged upon polymer removal after DSA and a prepattern design incorporating a single feature serving as an in situ registration mark that is identifiable by pattern symmetry in both the prepattern and resulting self-assembled pattern. The results indicate that DSA placement error is correlated with average prepattern line width as well as prepattern pitch uniformity. Finally, the magnitude of DSA placement error anticipated for a uniform, optimized prepattern is estimated.
The chemistry and biology of thymosin. II. Amino acid sequence analysis of thymosin alpha1 and polypeptide beta1. (1979)

The amino acid sequences of two polypeptide components of thymosin Fraction 5 termed thymosin alpha1 and polypeptide beta1 have been established. The sequences were determined by automatic Edman degradation of the intact molecules as well as by manual sequence analysis of the enzymatic cleavage products. Thymosin alpha1, an immunologically active polypeptide, is highly acidic with an isoelectric point of 4.2. This molecule is composed of 28 amino acid residues with acetylserine as the NH2 terminus. A chemically synthesized molecule of thymosin alpha1 has been found to be as active as the natural molecule in our bioassay systems. Polypeptide beta1 is a molecule consisting of 74 amino acid residues and has an isoelectric point of 6.7. This peptide is not biologically active in our assay systems, suggesting that it is not involved in thymic hormone action. The sequence of beta1 was found to be identical with ubiquitin and a portion of protein A24, a nuclear chromosomal protein. The relationships among these proteins are discussed.
Recursive Spoke Darts: Local Hyperplane Sampling for Delaunay and Voronoi Meshing in Arbitrary Dimensions (2016)

We introduce Recursive Spoke Darts (RSD): a recursive hyperplane sampling algorithm that exploits the full duality between Voronoi and Delaunay entities of various dimensions. Our algorithm abandons the dependence on the empty sphere principle in the generation of Delaunay simplices providing the foundation needed for scalable consistent meshing. The algorithm relies on two simple operations: line-hyperplane trimming and spherical range search. Consequently, this approach improves scalability as multiple processors can operate on different seeds at the same time. Moreover, generating consistent meshes across processors eliminates the communication needed between them, improving scalability even more. We introduce a simple tweak to the algo- rithm which makes it possible not to visit all vertices of a Voronoi cell, generating almost-exact Delaunay graphs while avoiding the natural curse of dimensionality in high dimensions.
X-Ray Talbot Interferometry for Medical Phase Imaging (2004)

X‐ray Talbot Interferometry (XTI) is demonstrated as a novel and simple X‐ray phase‐sensitive imaging method. Differential phase contrast is generated with XTI and quantitative determination of the differential phase is attained in combination with a phase‐shifting technique, further enabling phase tomography. Because XTI does not use crystals but transmission gratings, divergent X‐rays with a broad energy band are available. This is an advantage for medical applications especially using a compact X‐ray source.
<title>Solid state gas microsensors for environmental and industrial monitoring</title> (1999)

We describe solid state gas microsensor array technology for real-time, low-cost environmental and industrial monitoring. The four-element, surface-micromachined arrays are designed in CMOS technology and consist of multiple platforms called 'microhotplates.' Each microhotplate can be individually addressed, and includes functionality for rapid control and measurement of sensor temperature and gas-induced changes in a sensing film's electrical properties. The array elements can be tuned for specific analytes, by choice of sensing material and the temperature-programs applied, in order to better meet the needs of a particular application. Tin oxide was used as the base sensing material for microhotplates used in these studies. Tin oxide is grown selectively on each individual element within the arrays using a chemical vapor deposition process involving thermal decomposition of tetramethyltin in an argon and oxygen ambient. Catalytic additives, such as Pt, Pd and Cu are surface-dispersed to make the films more selective and sensitive. Detection capabilities for the low power microhotplate sensing technology are being established for target analytes in ambients that are relevant to process control, environmental measurements, and vapor-related remediation studies. We describe the use of these micromachined arrays to detect approximately ppm levels of methanol, benzene and hydrogen in ambient air and to produce analyte-specific signatures using temperature programs, T(t).
New Synthetic Approaches to 4(1H)-Pyridones. II. Derivatives Having Nonaromatic Substituents (1977)

Abstract The preceding communication reports on the synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-4(1H)-pyridone derivatives via enaminoketones derived from the acylation of styrylamines with substituted arylacetyl chlorides. In this paper we describe methods for the preparation of 4(1H)-pyridones bearing carboxylic acid, ester, nitrile, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and derived functional groups in the 3-position.
Characterization of out-phased array linearized signaling (OPALS) (2016)

Physical Layer Encryption (PLE) is a new and growing field in communications. In this paper we characterize the performance of the Out-Phased Array Linearized Signaling (OPALS) transmitter, which performs PLE through a novel beamforming transmitter architecture. This characterization is done in hardware and is compared to previous simulation results to determine its efficacy in securing a communication link.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of LixMn2-yCoyO4-dCld Cathode Material (2016)

Abstract : Lithium manganese oxide spinel is a potential candidate for Li-ion battery cathodes because of its low toxicity, comparable capacity, and low cost. However, this spinel suffers from capacity fading due to fracturing of the cell structure. Historically, cycle life enhancements of spinels have been achieved through transition metal doping on the B site of the lattice. In this effort, dopants of interest include compounds containing Group VIII Row 4 (Fe, Co, and Ni) elements, cobalt in particular. In addition to fabrication method variants of this material, the electrochemical performance and cycle life data of the Co B site and Cl O site manganese-based AB2O4 spinel is presented in this paper. Lithium electrochemical cells with Co B and Cl O site doping of a Mn-based AB2O4 spinel cathode have demonstrated the following: 1) full reversibility between 4.5 V and 2.0 V, 2) low charge/discharge overpotential between 4.5 V and 3.5 V, 3) high specific capacity of 240 mAh/g of active material, and 4) high rate charge and discharge.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of Tetragonal Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Hf<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> with the Garnet‐Related Type Structure. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of Pasteurella multocida Mutants of Low Virulence. II. Immunologic Response of Turkeys (1989)

Vaccination of turkeys by administering Pasteurella multocida mutant PM#1 or PM#3, either by the oculo-nasal-oral method or in the drinking water, induced a level of protection comparable to vaccination with the Clemson University (CU) strain or the M-9 vaccine. The level of protection was not altered when PM#1, PM#3, or the CU strain was grown in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth or BHI agar. Under extremely severe challenges, the CU strain provided a greater level of protection than PM#1, PM#3, or the M-9 vaccine. It also was apparent from this study that the less-virulent mutant organisms and the M-9 vaccine require a higher concentration of organism per vaccine dose than the CU strain to provide similar protection.
Thiobutacin, a Novel Antifungal and Antioomycete Antibiotic from <i>Lechevalieria </i><i>a</i><i>erocolonigenes</i> (2004)

A novel butanoic acid, thiobutacin (1), 4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxo-2-methylthiobutanoic acid (C11H13NO3S), was isolated from the culture broth of a soil actinomycete, Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes strain VK-A9. The structure of thiobutacin (1) was elucidated on the basis of the extensive 2D NMR spectral data including 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, HMQC, ROESY, and NOESY. Thiobutacin (1) showed antioomycete and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Using Three Dimensions in Catalytic Mesoporous Nanoarchitectures (2002)

Gold−titania (Au−TiO2) composite aerogels were synthesized, characterized, and tested as ambient-temperature oxidation catalysts for carbon monoxide. Adding alkanethiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters (with ∼2-nm Au cores) directly to titania sol before gelation yields uniformly dispersed guests in the composite aerogel. The Au guests aggregate to ∼6 nm upon calcination to remove the alkanethiolate and crystallize amorphous titania to anatase. The resulting composite aerogel exhibits high catalytic activity toward CO oxidation at room temperature at Au particle sizes that are essentially inactive in prior Au−TiO2 catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy illustrates the three-dimensional nature of the catalytic nanoarchitecture in which the Au guests contact multiple anatase nanocrystallites.