gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of rain on switching impulse sparkover voltage of large-electrode air gaps (1976)

The paper deals with a laboratory investigation into the influence of rain on the switching impulse sparkover characteristics of large-sphere and toroid plane air gaps. Tests were also carried out on coneterminated rod-plane gaps for reference purposes. The factors investigated include the high voltage electrode geometry, nature of the surface, rain intensity as well as the impulse form and polarity. Attention is also paid to the influence of rain on the statistical dispersion of the sparkover voltage and on the nature of the cumulative probability curve. A general correlation, valid for a wide variety of electrodes, has been established between the mean spark-over voltage gradient for positive switching impulses under dry conditions, and the corresponding influence of rain on the breakdown voltage.
Facsimile service quality issues and an objective evaluation methodology on image quality degradation (2002)

This paper discusses issues related to facsimile service quality, summarizes technical points to be studied, and describes the results of a customer survey. It also presents a new method for objectively evaluating customer ratings of facsimile images containing scan line errors. A simple mathematical model is proposed that can predict the mean opinion score for image quality with respect to the scan line errors, with high confidence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A convenient procedure for transfer blotting of coomassie blue stained proteins from PAGE gels to transparencies. (1993)

Proteins stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue I were transferred effectively by blotting from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels to transparencies of the type used in plain-paper copiers. The details of the original electropherogram were retained on transfer and did not fade over a period of three years. Both the protein and the associated dye transfer; however, protein does not transfer in the absence of dye. Protein patterns present in several types of gels--sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE, non-denaturing PAGE, isoelectric focusing PAGE and SDS-agarose--all transferred successfully after staining with dye 1. Proteins visualized with other organic dyes such as Fast Green FCF 2, Uniblue A 3 and Procion Blue MX-R 4 also transferred, but proteins stained with Stains-all 5 or silver did not. This transfer provides a simple, economical way to preserve data from slab gel electrophoresis and a convenient method to display data using an overhead projector. The blotted transparencies are also excellent substrates for use with gel scanning densitometers.
IL-1ra/IGF-1 Gene Therapy Modulates Repair of Microfractured Chondral Defects (2007)

Repair of cartilage defects involves sequential participation of specific hormones and growth factors with potential impairment by inflammatory cytokines. We explored an in vivo gene therapy treatment to supply adenoviral vectors carrying the genes of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra) and insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), hoping to enhance repair of full-thickness equine chondral defects treated with microfracture. We asked whether our treatment could (1) increase proteoglycan and Type II collagen content in the repair tissue, (2) improve the macroscopic and histomorphometric aspect of the repair tissue, and (3) induce prolonged and increased IL-1ra and IGF-1 production in treated joints. Twelve horses had full-thickness chondral defects created in their carpus and stifle followed by microfracture. Joints were injected with either equine IL-1ra/IGF-1 adenoviral preparation or Gey's balanced salt solution. Sixteen weeks later, defect healing was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, histochemically, and biochemically. Production of IL-1ra and IGF-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. We found increased proteoglycan content in treated defects along with augmented Type II collagen associated with substantial transgene expression of IL-1ra during the first 3 weeks. These data suggest in vivo gene therapy can improve biologic processes associated with chondral defect repair.
Determination of Five Macrolide Antibiotic Residues in Raw Milk Using Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A confirmatory method using liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for determination of five macrolide antibiotics including spiramycin, tilmicosin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, and tylosin in raw milk is presented. Macrolides were extracted from raw milk by acetonitrile, and sample extracts were further cleaned up using solid-phase extraction cartridges. Data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring, that is, two transitions, to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves with the use of roxithromycin as an internal standard were utilized to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Both a conventional validation procedure and a designed experiment were applied to study the accuracy and precision of the method. The measurement uncertainty arising from accuracy and precision was estimated. The method accuracy, expressed as a percentage of overall recovery, was ∼100%, and its intermediate precision was <10%. LC-ESI/MS/MS method detection limits (S/N ≥ 3:1) of five macrolides were <0.3 μg/kg. Keywords: Antibiotics; macrolides; raw milk; experimental design; measurement uncertainty; LC-ESI/MS/MS
Polymer Integrated Optics: Device Architectures and Fabrication Methods (2005)

Polymer materials are becoming increasingly important for integrated photonic circuits in optical communications networks. The optical and mechanical properties of polymers for integrated optics are explored in this thesis and it is shown that the manipulation of these properties leads to developments that in other optical materials could not be achieved as quickly or as easily, or not achieved at all.

So that the benefits of a large range of operating wavelengths due to low material dispersion in polymers, are not lost to the wavelength dependence of optical couplers, we design wavelength-invariant couplers using a geometrical representation of coupled mode theory. Simulations of the resulting couplers confirm a virtually constant response over a large range of input wavelengths.

The direct-write ability of electron beam sensitive polymers enables rapid fabrication of high-precision optical devices. Microring resonator optical filters and a compact microring-based inline reflector are fabricated by this method and characterized. Chaining multiple rings together results in the coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW). A CROW-Mach-Zehnder interferometer is fabricated and the measured response corresponds well with the predictions based on the matrix theory.

Polymer materials can be patterned by a variety of methods not possible with traditional optical materials. Soft-stamp replica molding presents a means to further reduce the costs of implementing polymer materials. Demonstrating the potential of the method, microring resonators are fabricated, with excellent agreement between the responses of the original and the replica. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the process, it is applied in the fabrication of Mach-Zehnder modulators. The modulators exhibit excellent properties, with single-arm modulation voltages of 8 V and extinction ratios better than 19 dB. Successive repetition of the molding process allows for multilayer polymer optical devices. Finally, the flexible properties of polymers are exploited for pliable, all-polymer freestanding optical circuits.
Face anti-spoofing using patch and depth-based CNNs (2017)

The face image is the most accessible biometric modality which is used for highly accurate face recognition systems, while it is vulnerable to many different types of presentation attacks. Face anti-spoofing is a very critical step before feeding the face image to biometric systems. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stream CNN-based approach for face anti-spoofing, by extracting the local features and holistic depth maps from the face images. The local features facilitate CNN to discriminate the spoof patches independent of the spatial face areas. On the other hand, holistic depth map examine whether the input image has a face-like depth. Extensive experiments are conducted on the challenging databases (CASIA-FASD, MSU-USSA, and Replay Attack), with comparison to the state of the art.
Scene-based nonuniformity correction and enhancement: pixel statistics and subpixel motion (2008)

We propose a framework for scene-based nonuniformity correction (NUC) and nonuniformity correction and enhancement (NUCE) that is required for focal-plane array-like sensors to obtain clean and enhanced-quality images. The core of the proposed framework is a novel registration-based nonuniformity correction super-resolution (NUCSR) method that is bootstrapped by statistical scene-based NUC methods. Based on a comprehensive imaging model and an accurate parametric motion estimation, we are able to remove severe/structured nonuniformity and in the presence of subpixel motion to simultaneously improve image resolution. One important feature of our NUCSR method is the adoption of a parametric motion model that allows us to (1) handle many practical scenarios where parametric motions are present and (2) carry out perfect super-resolution in principle by exploring available subpixel motions. Experiments with real data demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed NUCE framework and the effectiveness of the NUCSR method.
Reconstruction, Replication and Re-enactment in the Humanities and Social Sciences (2021)

"Reconstruction, Replication and Re-enactment in the Humanities and Social Sciences." Ambix, 68(4), pp. 453–454
Rapid Microwave-Promoted Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zinckes Salts and their Conversion into Chiral Pyridinium Salts in Water (2008)

Solvent-free synthesis of Zinckes salts followed by their conversion into chiral pyrinium salts in aqueous media is presented. Keywords: Eco-friendly synthesis, chiral amines, microwave irradiation, Zincke's reaction
A robust predominant-F0 estimation method for real-time detection of melody and bass lines in CD recordings (2002)

This paper describes a robust method for estimating the fundamental frequency (F0) of melody and bass lines in monaural real-world musical audio signals containing sounds of various instruments. Most previous F0-estimation methods had great difficulty dealing with such complex audio signals because they were designed to deal with mixtures of only a few sounds. To make it possible to estimate the F0 of the melody and bass lines, we propose a predominant-F0 estimation method called PreFEst that does not rely on the F0's unreliable frequency component and obtains the most predominant F0 supported by harmonics within an intentionally limited frequency range. It evaluates the relative dominance of every possible F0 by using the expectation-maximization algorithm and considers the temporal continuity of F0s by using a multiple-agent architecture. Experimental results show that our real-time system can detect the melody and bass lines in audio signals sampled from commercially distributed compact discs.
Innovative Way To Cement a Liner Utilizing a New Inner String Liner Cementing Process (1998)

Abstract It has long been recognized that the conventional process of running an inner string when cementing liners provides for protection of the liner inner diameter from cement during the installation of a well bore liner. Over the years, this process has created concern about being able to verify the location of the cement, accidentally cementing the inner string in place inside the liner, leaving the inner string full of cement upon pulling, or not being able to circulate the liner clean after cementing. A new inner string liner cementing process has been developed that addresses these concerns and offers solutions to the potential problems. The new process incorporates ways to prevent these problems from occurring. Since the inner string volume will be more consistent than the total liner volume, the volume of cement can be accurately calculated to insure that the shoe track is not over displaced. This is very important since the standard shoe track length can be greatly reduced. In addition, this new system allows you to clean the liner I.D. and displace the well prior to tripping out of the hole with your hanger setting assembly. A cost savings is realized due to the elimination of a separate trip in the hole to clean and circulate the well. This paper will describe the conventional liner cementing process along with the improvements that have been incorporated into the new system. P. 501
The Devil is in the Constants: Bypassing Defenses in Browser JIT Engines (2015)

Author(s): Michalis Athanasakis, Elias Athanasopoulos, Michalis Polychronakis, Georgios Portokalidis, Sotiris Ioannidis Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Return-oriented programming (ROP) has become the dominant form of vulnerability exploitation in both user and kernel space. Many defenses against ROP exist, which can … Continued
System design for identification in virtual communities (2009)

Identification has been demonstrated as an important factor for all kinds of pro-social behavior in a collective in general and virtual communities in particular. However, most prior virtual community research takes identification as given without addressing its formation. This study draws upon social identity theory and self-categorization theory to develop a theory for virtual community identification. More particularly, the conceptualization of virtual community identity is developed and accordingly, community presentation, i.e., system design features for presenting a virtual community identity, is hypothesized to facilitate identification by setting the boundaries for inter-group comparison and highlighting the in-group homogeneity. Furthermore, system design features that prior research identified as determinants for communicating personal identities, i.e., self-presentation, deep profiling, and co-presence, are argued to also have impacts on identification directly by influencing social comparison and indirectly by making the virtual community identity attractive. The implications of these results for both theory and practice are discussed.
An Assessment of Testing-Effort Dependent Software Reliability Growth Models (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Over the last several decades, many Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to greatly facilitate engineers and managers in tracking and measuring the growth of reliability as software is being improved. However, some research work indicates that the delayed S-shaped model may not fit the software failure data well when the testing-effort spent on fault detection is not a constant. Thus, in this paper, we first review the logistic testing-effort function that can be used to describe the amount of testing-effort spent on software testing. We describe how to incorporate the logistic testing-effort function into both exponential-type, and S-shaped software reliability models. The proposed models are also discussed under both ideal, and imperfect debugging conditions. Results from applying the proposed models to two real data sets are discussed, and compared with other traditional SRGM to show that the proposed models can give better predictions, and that the logistic testing-effort function is suitable for incorporating directly into both exponential-type, and S-shaped software reliability models. </para>
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CD22 During B Cell Activation (1992)

Ligation of the antigen receptor on B cells induces the rapid phosphorylation of tyrosine on a number of cellular proteins. A monoclonal antibody that recognized a tyrosine-phosphorylated cell surface protein that was present in activated B cells was generated. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that this 140-kilodalton protein was CD22, a B cell-specific cell surface glycoprotein and putative extracellular ligand of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD22 may be important in B cell signal transduction, possibly through regulation of the adhesiveness of activated B cells.
Endotoxin-induced serum factor kills malarial parasites in vitro (1981)

We investigated the possibility that malarial parasites may be killed by nonspecific soluble mediators, such as those in tumor necrosis serum, that are obtained from mice given macrophage-activating agents like Corynebacterium parvum or Mycobacterium bovis BCG, followed by endotoxin. Such sera killed parasites in vitro after overnight incubation; killing was measured directly by using an in vivo infectivity assay. Parasite infectivity was not decreased by incubation in sera from mice given C. parvum or BCG alone (no endotoxin) or by incubation in sera from normal mice given endotoxin. Plasmodium yoelii, its lethal variant, and Plasmodium berghei were equally susceptible to inactivation. Sera obtained from mice given endotoxin during the course of infection with these parasites also contained parasite-killing factor. The activity of this factor appeared to be proportional to parasitemia in that it was higher in the sera from mice infected with the lethal parasites than in the sera from mice with infections which resolved either spontaneously or after vaccination.
Comparison of dosages, intervals, and drugs in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1988)

The efficacies of trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), TMP-dapsone, dapsone, and pentamidine were compared for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the corticosteroid-treated-rat model. While 11 (73%) of 15 untreated control animals had P. carinii pneumonia after 10 weeks of immunosuppression, none of the animals given 125 mg of dapsone per kg daily, weekly, biweekly, or monthly had evidence of infection. Of the 10 rats given a single dose of dapsone 23 and 50 days after immunosuppression was started, 5 (50%) had P. carinii pneumonia. When three drugs were given separately to groups of 10 rats in single doses biweekly, P. carinii pneumonia occurred in 40% of those treated with TMP-SMZ and in none of those treated with TMP-dapsone; although only 2 of those treated with pentamidine survived for evaluation, both had P. carinii pneumonia. The experiments showed that dapsone is highly effective in chemoprophylaxis for P. carinii pneumonia when given at monthly intervals or more frequently and that dapsone and TMP-dapsone are more effective than is TMP-SMZ when given at biweekly intervals. It seems reasonable to expect that biweekly doses of dapsone or TMP-dapsone would provide an effective and reasonably safe chemoprophylaxis regimen for patients at high risk for P. carinii pneumonia, and studies to test such a scheme are justifiable. Biweekly doses are preferred over monthly doses to allow for occasional inadvertent omission of doses expected from patients.
Deletion of the E4 region of the genome produces adenovirus DNA concatemers. (1994)

Two mutants containing large deletions in the E4 region of the adenovirus genome H5dl366 (91.9-98.3 map units) and H2dl808 (93.0-97.1 map units) were used to investigate the role of E4 genes in adenovirus DNA synthesis. Infection of KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells with either mutant resulted in production of large concatemers of viral DNA. Only monomer viral genome forms were produced, however, when mutants infected W162 cells, a monkey kidney cell line transformed with and expressing the E4 genes. Diffusible E4 gene products, therefore, complement the E4 mutant phenotype. The viral DNA concatemers produced in dl366- and dl808-infected KB cells did not have any specific orientation of monomer joining: the junctions consisted of head-to-head, head-to-tail, and tail-to-tail joints. The junctions were covalently linked molecules, but molecules were not precisely joined, and restriction enzyme maps revealed a heterogeneous size distribution of junction fragments. A series of mutants that disrupted single E4 open reading frames (ORFs) was also studied: none showed phenotypes similar to that of dl366 or dl808. Mutants containing defects in both ORF3 and ORF6, however, manifested the concatemer phenotype, indicating redundancy in genes preventing concatemer formation. These data suggest that the E4 ORFs 3 and 6 express functions critical for regulation of viral DNA replication and that concatemer intermediates may exist during adenovirus DNA synthesis.
Bioethylene Production from Ethanol: A Review and Techno‐economical Evaluation (2017)

Abstract Manufacturing of bioethylene via dehydration of bioethanol is an alternative to the fossil‐based ethylene production and decreases the environmental consequences for this chemical commodity. A few industrial plants that utilize 1st generation bioethanol for the bioethylene production already exist, although not functioning without subsidiaries. However, there is still no process producing ethylene from 2nd generation bioethanol. This study is divided into two parts. Different ethanol and ethylene production methods, the process specifications and current technologies are briefly discussed in the first part. In the second part, a techno‐economic analysis of a bioethylene plant was performed using Aspen® plus and Aspen Process Economic Analyzer, where different qualities of ethanol were considered. The results show that impurities in the ethanol feed have no significant effect on the quality of the produced polymer‐grade bioethylene. The capacity of the ethylene storage tank significantly affects the capital costs of the process.