gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective Measurement of Sociability and Activity: Mobile Sensing in the Community (2011)

Mobile sensing of sociability and activity is well correlated with traditional measures and less prone to biases associated with questionnaires that rely on recall. Using mobile devices to collect data from and monitor older adult patients has the potential to improve detection of changes in their health.
Monolithic integration of a lens inside a diode-laser cavity for beam convergence (1985)

A lens is monolithically integrated inside a diode-laser cavity for the first time. The lens is formed on one end of the mesa-type waveguide by making the equivalent refractive index lower toward the edges of the mesa. The lens makes the phase front of the lasing mode concave at the facet. Correspondingly, a (laterally) converging laser beam is realized without using any separate optical components. A numeric analysis of the beam convergence is also given.
Equivalence Between Policy Gradients and Soft Q-Learning (2017)

Two of the leading approaches for model-free reinforcement learning are policy gradient methods and $Q$-learning methods. $Q$-learning methods can be effective and sample-efficient when they work, however, it is not well-understood why they work, since empirically, the $Q$-values they estimate are very inaccurate. A partial explanation may be that $Q$-learning methods are secretly implementing policy gradient updates: we show that there is a precise equivalence between $Q$-learning and policy gradient methods in the setting of entropy-regularized reinforcement learning, that "soft" (entropy-regularized) $Q$-learning is exactly equivalent to a policy gradient method. We also point out a connection between $Q$-learning methods and natural policy gradient methods. Experimentally, we explore the entropy-regularized versions of $Q$-learning and policy gradients, and we find them to perform as well as (or slightly better than) the standard variants on the Atari benchmark. We also show that the equivalence holds in practical settings by constructing a $Q$-learning method that closely matches the learning dynamics of A3C without using a target network or $ε$-greedy exploration schedule.
Topic-wise, sentiment-wise, or otherwise? (2009)

While traditional work on text clustering has largely focused on grouping documents by topic, it is conceivable that a user may want to cluster documents along other dimensions, such as the author's mood, gender, age, or sentiment. Without knowing the user's intention, a clustering algorithm will only group documents along the most prominent dimension, which may not be the one the user desires. To address this problem, we propose a novel way of incorporating user feedback into a clustering algorithm, which allows a user to easily specify the dimension along which she wants the data points to be clustered via inspecting only a small number of words. This distinguishes our method from existing ones, which typically require a large amount of effort on the part of humans in the form of document annotation or interactive construction of the feature space. We demonstrate the viability of our method on several challenging sentiment datasets.
Kinetic study of permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene at a high pH under acidic conditions (2004)

Abstract Since carbon compounds are the main component of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), the end products of all in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) will include carbon dioxide. If the production rate of carbon dioxide exceeds the capacity of water to remove the carbon dioxide, degassing will occur. The uncontrolled carbon dioxide gas may change the flow patterns, remobilize the pooled DNAPL, transport DNAPL vapor, and reduce the relative permeability to the aqueous phase. Under high pH buffered conditions, most of the carbon dioxide will be dissolved in water. In this study, potassium permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was conducted using a sodium carbonate buffered solution (1 g/L, pH = 10.6 ± 0.1) at three different temperatures (5, 10, and 20°C) and three potassium permanganate concentrations (0.2, 1, and 5 g/L). Extensive kinetic studies suggest that the overall oxidation is a second‐order reaction and pseudo‐first‐order with respect to PCE and potassium permanganate, respectively. The second‐order rate constant and the activation energy were 0.028 ± 0.001 M −1 s −1 at 20°C and 43.9 ± 2.85 kJ/M, respectively. This study provides a base for further experimental and field studies on potassium permanganate oxidation of PCE under natural or artificial high pH buffered conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stochastic Backpropagation through Mixture Density Distributions (2016)

The ability to backpropagate stochastic gradients through continuous latent distributions has been crucial to the emergence of variational autoencoders and stochastic gradient variational Bayes. The key ingredient is an unbiased and low-variance way of estimating gradients with respect to distribution parameters from gradients evaluated at distribution samples. The "reparameterization trick" provides a class of transforms yielding such estimators for many continuous distributions, including the Gaussian and other members of the location-scale family. However the trick does not readily extend to mixture density models, due to the difficulty of reparameterizing the discrete distribution over mixture weights. This report describes an alternative transform, applicable to any continuous multivariate distribution with a differentiable density function from which samples can be drawn, and uses it to derive an unbiased estimator for mixture density weight derivatives. Combined with the reparameterization trick applied to the individual mixture components, this estimator makes it straightforward to train variational autoencoders with mixture-distributed latent variables, or to perform stochastic variational inference with a mixture density variational posterior.
Reverse engineering of source code to sequence diagram using abstract syntax tree (2016)

Reverse engineering from a source code to a sequence diagram can be very important in the software maintenance process. On the process of reverse engineering, there are a lot of models/approaches that can be used. Extract-abstract-present model is one model that can be applied because every stage in the model can represent reverse engineering process. On stages in the model, the extracted source code is converted into a specific structure for easy analyzed in the next process. AST (abstract syntax tree) is one of the structures that can be used in the extraction process. AST is commonly used as a data structure in the compiler. This research focus on the process of reverse engineering of source code to sequence diagrams. AST is used to generate the sequence diagram. We have implemented this idea in an application called REVUML. REVUML has helped in the process of understanding the flow of the source code in a software application. Our research concludes that the structure of AST has been able to assist in the reverse engineering process. Additionally our implementation has shown that AST can reveal sequences of statements in the source code which can help developers in the reverse engineering process.
Toward Solar Fuels: Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons (2010)

The past several decades have seen a significant rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. A solar energy based technology to recycle carbon dioxide into readily transportable hydrocarbon fuel (i.e., a solar fuel) would help reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and partly fulfill energy demands within the present hydrocarbon based fuel infrastructure. We review the present status of carbon dioxide conversion techniques, with particular attention to a recently developed photocatalytic process to convert carbon dioxide and water vapor into hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight.
Large Molecular Weight Antifreezes and Related Adaptations in Freeze-Tolerant Alaskan Insects (2022)

The overwintering physiology of aquatic insects has not been well characterized. The stonefly, Nemoura arctica, was collected from the headwaters of the Chandalar River, where streambed temperatures measured as low as -12.7ÌÜÁC in midwinter. When in contact with ice, N. arctica froze at -1.5Ìâå±0.4ÌÜÁC, but individuals survived temperatures down to -15ÌÜÁC, making this the first described species of freeze tolerant stonefly. Nemoura arctica produce both glycerol and ice thermal hysteresis factors in response to low temperature. Hemolymph glycerol concentrations increased from 3 mM to 930Ìâå±114 mM in response to acclimation at -8ÌÜÁC and glycerol concentrations increased even after nymphs were frozen. Although, the hemolymph of individual cold acclimated nymphs occasionally exhibited more than a degree of thermal hysteresis, typically the hemolymph exhibited only hexagonal crystal growth and recrystallization inhibition. The freeze tolerant beetle Upis ceramboides is the only animal species known to accumulate high concentrations of threitol (250 mM) as a cryoprotectant; however the biosynthetic pathway has not been investigated. In vivo metabolism of 13C-labeled glucose isotopomers was monitored by 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating that C3-C6 of glucose become C1-C4 of threitol, which is expected for four-carbon saccharides arising from the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In vitro experiments show that threitol is synthesized from erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P), a C4 intermediate in the PPP. Threitol 4-phosphate appears to be the preferred substrate of the sugar phosphatase(s), promoting threitol synthesis over that of erythritol. In addition, erythritol is catabolized under conditions that promote threitol synthesis, leading to the accumulation of high concentrations of threitol without concomitant accumulation of erythritol. Upis ceramboides also produces a novel, highly active antifreeze glycolipid. This glycolipid exhibits 3.7Ìâå±0.3ÌÜÁC of thermal hysteresis at 5 mg/ml, whereas fish AF(G)Ps exhibit only 1.5ÌÜÁC of thermal hysteresis at 20-40 mg/ml. Consistent with our structural determinations, thermal hysteresis activity is unaffected by protease, but is rapidly lost upon treatment with endo Ì_å_-(1?4) xylanase. This is the first high molecular weight antifreeze to be isolated from a freeze tolerant animal. We have subsequently isolated similar TH-active glycolipids from numerous organisms, including other insects, plants, fish and amphibians.
Subject reactivity effects and alcohol treatment outcome research. (2000)

Recommendations are made regarding interpretation of data collected as part of an alcohol treatment outcome study, control of potential subject reactivity confounding variables and directions for future research.
Large area all-elastomer capacitive tactile arrays (2013)

This work demonstrates the first low cost, allelastomer capacitive tactile arrays compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing. A new manufacturing process has been developed in which elastomer sheets are covered with a stencil, spray coated with conductive elastomer on one or both sides, and stacked to create the sensor array. These arrays are highly flexible and can withstand large strains. Sensor costs are below $0.05/sensor in small quantities. The fabrication process results in a slightly curved sensor so the change in capacitance is highly nonlinear at low pressures, but approaches theoretical sensitivities of approximately 5 fF/kPa at higher pressures. Sensor resolution was measured to be less than 20 Pa and data taken from an array of sensors demonstrates the detection of multiple force contact points.
A database of e-commerce terms (1999)

In this paper, some challenges in producing internationalized software are presented, and a pilot project involving the creation of a terminology database is described.
A Mapping Scheme of XML Documents into Relational Databases using Schema-based Path Identi.ers (2005)

In this paper, we propose a mapping scheme of XML documents into relational databases. The scheme enables us to store, retrieve and update XML documents efficiently. When storing XML documents in relational databases, XML tree structures must be preserved explicitly. To this end, a label is assigned to nodes in the XML tree. In general, document retrieval and update performance is affected by node labeling schemes. We use SPIDER (Schema based Path IDentifiER), a labeling scheme for XML documents utilizing DTDs that makes retrieval and update more efficient. SPIDER only identifies paths from root node to a node. Thus, multiple nodes appearing in the same path cannot be distinguished by only using SPIDER. We introduced Sibling Dewey Order to identify such nodes. Generally, when a new node is inserted into XML documents, some other nodes need to be relabeled to preserve the order of nodes. In our method, only Sibling Dewey Order is relabeled; SPIDER is not affected. Since the range of relabeling is small, it is possible to update documents efficiently. We stored documents utilizing SPIDER in a relational database and then translated various XPath expressions into SQL using SPIDER. We perform experiments and demonstrate that the proposed scheme outpeforms conventional methods both in retrieval and update
Circulating Tumor Cells and [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Outcome Prediction in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2009)

Detection of five or more CTCs during therapeutic monitoring can accurately predict prognosis in MBC beyond metabolic response. FDG-PET/CT deserves a role in patients who have fewer than five CTCs at midtherapy. Prospective trials should evaluate the most sensitive and cost-effective modality for therapeutic monitoring in MBC.
[Gene optimization is necessary to express HPV type 6 L1 protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris]. (2003)

HPV type 6 L1 protein expressed in Pichia pastoris will facilitate the HPV vaccine development and structure-function study.
Upregulated lncRNA-UCA1 contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of miR-216b and activation of FGFR1/ERK signaling pathway (2015)

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated, which plays an important role in the progression of several cancers. However, the biological role and clinical significance of UCA1 in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Herein, we found that UCA1 was aberrantly upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with TNM stage, metastasis and postoperative survival. UCA1 depletion inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, UCA1 could act as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-216b and downregulation miR-216b expression. In addition, UCA1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-216b on the growth and metastasis of HCC cells, which might be involved in the derepression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression, a target gene of miR-216b, and the activation of ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of UCA1 in the tumorigenesis of HCC. Moreover, the present study elucidates a novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network that is UCA1-miR-216b-FGFR1-ERK signaling pathway in HCC, which may help to lead a better understanding the pathogenesis of HCC and probe the feasibility of lncRNA-directed diagnosis and therapy for this deadly disease.
Wireless Home Security and Automation System Utilizing ZigBee based Multi-hop Communication (2008)

Nowadays, smart home using wireless communication is replacing the wired system which was very messy and difficult to setup. However, the existing wireless smart home system only can cover up to a certain range of area that is limited by the range of wireless module being used. This paper introduces the conceptual understanding and strategy of ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 standard to be deployed in smart home environment. ZigBee technology offers a multi-hop communication capability for data transfer. Multi-hop communication will provide unlimited range of communication for the system as long as there are intermediate nodes that will pass the data from one node to another until it reaches the destination. Prototype systems of home security and automation are built utilizing Zigbee based sensor network to present an insight for its practical implementation in smart home concept.
Recent Advances in the Friedländer Reaction (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRecent Advances in the Friedländer ReactionJosé Marco-Contelles*†, Elena Pérez-Mayoral‡, Abdelouahid Samadi†, María do Carmo Carreiras§, and Elena Soriano*†View Author Information Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: (+34) 564-48-53. E-mail: [email protected]†Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional.‡Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED).§University of Lisbon.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 6, 2652–2671Publication Date (Web):April 10, 2009Publication History Received2 October 2008Published online10 April 2009Published inissue 10 June 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800482chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800482creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12898Altmetric-Citations565LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Cyclization,Ketones,Quinolines Get e-Alerts
The effect of nasal speaking valve on the speech under experimental velopharyngeal incompetence condition (2008)

Velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) is a contributing factor to speech disorders, frequently accompanying disorders, such as cleft palate, congenital paralysis of the soft palate, and cerebrovascular disease. For the treatment of these types of dysarthria, a Nasal Speaking Valve (NSV), which regulates nasal emission utilizing one-way valve, has been reported to be effective. As the unpleasantness while wearing the NSV was less than that with the conventional Palatal Lift Prosthesis, the NSV could be worn for a longer period of time. As NSV is inserted into the nostrils, this device could easily be provided for edentulous patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NSV on experimentally induced VPI condition. Intelligibility of monosyllabic speech, intelligibility of conversational speech, nasalance score and acoustic analysis were used to evaluate the effect of NSV. Local infiltration anaesthesia was achieved to the area of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatine muscle of seven adult male subjects. In all subjects, remarkable suppression of the soft palate movement could be observed after the local infiltration anesthesia. Although the utterance supported by NSV under the experimentally induced VPI condition was less natural than the normal utterance, the intelligibility was markedly improved by the device. From the results of this study, the acoustic properties of NSV on the pure VPI condition, which was enabled by the newly established experimental induction, were revealed. This experimental model was also proved to provide a basis for the improvement in the treatment modalities for VPI.
Genomic analysis of spinal meningiomas: correlation with histopathological grade (2023)

This analysis suggests that spinal meningiomas exhibit overwhelmingly indolent biology, as supported by their benign integrated grade. These findings have implications in the surgical management of these patients in relation to the need for complete Simpson grade I resection, as well as the potential avoidance of adjuvant therapy following surgery in the setting of otherwise frequently benign pathology.
Efficient page layout analysis on small devices (2009)

Previously we have designed and implemented new image browsing facilities to support effective offline image contents on mobile devices with limited capabilities: low bandwidth, small display, and slow processing. In this letter, we fulfill the automatic production of cartoon contents fitting small-screen display, and introduce a clustering method useful for various types of cartoon images as a prerequisite stage for preserving semantic meaning. The usage of neural networks is to properly cut the various forms of pages. Texture information that is useful for grayscale image segmentation gives us a good clue for page layout analysis using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) based x-y recursive algorithm. We also automatically frame the segment MLP using agglomerative segmentation. Our experimental results show that the combined approaches yield good results of segmentation for several cartoons.
Sciatin: purification and characterization of a myotrophic protein from chicken sciatic nerves. (1980)

A protein isolated from sciatic nerves of adult chickens promotes the morphological maturation and maintenance of embryonic avian skeletal muscle cells in the absence of innervation and is required for normal myogenesis in vitro. This trophic protein, sciatin, has been purified by ion exchange column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Sciatin migrated as a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 84,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfategel electrophoresis. The native molecular weight of sciatin as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation was 86,400. Amino acid analysis revealed that sciatin is relatively deficient in tryptophan, histidine, glycine, and arginine, but enriched in cysteine, methionine, alanine, and lysine. Carbohydrate determination showed that sciatin in composed of 11% sugar by weight with no detectable N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Sedimentation velocity centrifugation studies revealed an S20,w0 of 5.11 with a frictional coefficient of 1.31. Sciatin had no detectable protease or acetylcholinesterase activity. The results of the present study provide new biochemical information on a macromolecule with biological activities similar to those expressed by the "maintenance" group of growth factors which includes such proteins as nerve growth factor.