gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emulation of Neural Networks on a Nanoscale Architecture (2007)

In this paper, we propose using a nanoscale spin-wave-based architecture for implementing neural networks. We show that this architecture can efficiently realize highly interconnected neural network models such as the Hopfield model. In our proposed architecture, no point-to-point interconnection is required, so unlike standard VLSI design, no fan-in/fan-out constraint limits the interconnectivity. Using spin-waves, each neuron could broadcast to all other neurons simultaneously and similarly a neuron could concurrently receive and process multiple data. Therefore in this architecture, the total weighted sum to each neuron can be computed by the sum of the values from all the incoming waves to that neuron. In addition, using the superposition property of waves, this computation can be done in O(1) time, and neurons can update their states quite rapidly.
Imaging infrared spectroscopy for fixation-free liver tumor detection (2014)

Infrared (IR) imaging spectroscopy of human liver tissue slices has been used to identify and characterize a liver metastasis of breast origin (mucinous carcinoma) which was surgically removed from a consenting patient and frozen without formalin fixation or dehydration procedures, so that lipids and water remain in the tissues. Previously, a set of IR metrics was determined for tumors in fixation-free liver tissues facilitating a k-means cluster analysis differentiating tumor from nontumor. Different and more in depth aspects of these results are examined in this work including three metric color imaging, differencing for lipid identification, and a new technique to simultaneously fit band lineshapes and their 2<sup>nd</sup> derivatives in order to better characterize protein changes.
Control of Scar Tissue Formation in the Cornea: Strategies in Clinical and Corneal Tissue Engineering (2012)

Corneal structure is highly organized and unified in architecture with structural and functional integration which mediates transparency and vision. Disease and injury are the second most common cause of blindness affecting over 10 million people worldwide. Ninety percent of blindness is permanent due to scarring and vascularization. Scarring caused via fibrotic cellular responses, heals the tissue, but fails to restore transparency. Controlling keratocyte activation and differentiation are key for the inhibition and prevention of fibrosis. Ophthalmic surgery techniques are continually developing to preserve and restore vision but corneal regression and scarring are often detrimental side effects and long term continuous follow up studies are lacking or discouraging. Appropriate corneal models may lead to a reduced need for corneal transplantation as presently there are insufficient numbers or suitable tissue to meet demand. Synthetic optical materials are under development for keratoprothesis although clinical use is limited due to implantation complications and high rejection rates. Tissue engineered corneas offer an alternative which more closely mimic the morphological, physiological and biomechanical properties of native corneas. However, replication of the native collagen fiber organization and retaining the phenotype of stromal cells which prevent scar-like tissue formation remains a challenge. Careful manipulation of culture environments are under investigation to determine a suitable environment that simulates native ECM organization and stimulates keratocyte migration and generation.
Inferring and asserting distributed system invariants (2018)

Distributed systems are difficult to debug and understand. A key reason for this is distributed state, which is not easily accessible and must be pieced together from the states of the individual nodes in the system.
Jenseits des Bruttosozialprodukts: neue Ansätze zur Messung von nachhaltiger Entwicklung (1995)

Grundlegende Ziele der internationalen Diskussion um den schillernden Begriff der nachhaltigen Entwicklung sind drastische Verminderungen des Verbrauchs an Naturressourcen und die Reduzierung der Belastung der Umwelt durch Schadstoffe und menschverursachte Material- und Stoffströme. Wege dorthin bieten umfassende und technisch machbare, meist noch ungenutzte, Effizienzrevolutionen oder Steigerungen der Ressourcenproduktivität. Die Dringlichkeit ergibt sich aus der ökologischen Überbeanspruchung der Tragfähigkeit unseres begrenzten Planeten Erde und Forderungen nach intra- und intergenerationaler Gerechtigkeit - fundamentale ökologische und ethische Dimensionen, die der Brundtland-Bericht 'Unsere gemeinsame Zukunft' von 1987 auf die Agenda internationaler Beratungen gesetzt hatte: Dauerhafte Entwicklung ist Entwicklung, die die Bedürfnisse der Gegenwart befriedigt, ohne zu riskieren, daß künftige Generationen ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse nicht befriedigen können.
Differential binding of nuclear factors to the intron 1 sequences containing the transcriptional pause site correlates with c-myb expression. (1989)

The molecular mechanisms that modulate c-myb mRNA levels in hematopoietic cells appear to involve premature termination of transcription in the first intron of the gene. We have examined the DNA-protein interactions within the first intron of the c-myb gene and identified a 1.0-kilobase region that could be responsible for its transcriptional regulation. Using the mobility-shift assay, we show a direct correlation between the extent of sequence-specific protein binding to intron 1 DNA fragments, and c-myb mRNA levels in different cell types. During dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemic cells, there was a dramatic decrease in these nuclear factors that correlated with the decrease in the levels of c-myb mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis and DNase I footprinting revealed the presence of putative regulatory elements that are implicated in the binding of these nuclear factors. We propose that binding of nuclear factors to the site of transcriptional pause could play an important role in the regulation of c-myb transcription.
A fast, memory-efficient register allocation framework for embedded systems (2004)

In this work, we describe a "just-in-time," <i>usage density-based register allocator</i> geared toward embedded systems with a limited general-purpose register set wherein speed, code size, and memory requirements are of equal concern. The main attraction of the allocator is that it does not make use of the traditional live range and interval analysis nor does it perform advanced optimizations based on range <i>splitting</i> but results in very good code quality. We circumvent the need for traditional analysis by using a measure of <i>usage density</i> of a variable. The usage density of a variable at a program point represents both the frequency and the density of the uses. We contend that by using this measure we can capture both <i>range</i> and <i>frequency</i> information which is essentially used by the good allocators based on <i>splitting</i>. We describe a framework based on this measure which has a linear complexity in terms of the program size. We perform comparisons with the static allocators based on graph coloring and the ones targeted toward just-in-time compilation systems like linear scan of live ranges. Through comparisons with graph coloring (Brigg's style) and live range-based (linear scan) allocators, we show that the memory footprint and the size of our allocator are smaller by 20% to 30%. The speed of allocation is comparable and the speed of the generated code is better and its size smaller. These attributes make the allocator an attractive candidate for performing a fast, memory-efficient register allocation for embedded devices with a small number of registers.
Gilda no es ninguna santa: apuntes sobre las prácticas de sacralización de una cantante argentina (2009)

El trabajo muestra cómo se construye la excepcionalidad de la cantante Gilda a partir de \ndiversas prácticas de sacralización. Estas prácticas incluyen y trascienden la relación \ndevocional, dado que se realizan, también, a partir de recursos ajenos al abanico \n“religioso”, sin que ello implique cualquier demérito, en el sentido de ser versiones \nfalsas, menores o incompletas de algo “puramente religioso”.
Evaluation of ocean models using observed and simulated drifter trajectories: Impact of sea surface height on synthetic profiles for data assimilation (2007)

The impact of global Navy Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) sea surface height (SSH) on global Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) nowcasts of ocean currents is investigated in a series of experiments. The studies focus on two primary aspects: the role of NLOM horizontal resolution and the role of differences between the SSH means in NLOM and the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) climatology. To evaluate the impact of changes to the assimilation system, we compare observed drifter trajectories with trajectories simulated using global NCOM over 7‐day timescales. The results indicate general improvement in NCOM currents as a result of increasing NLOM horizontal resolution. The effects of accounting for the differences between NLOM and MODAS mean that SSH is less clear, with some regions showing a decline in simulation skill while others show improvement or little impact. These outcomes supported recommendations for operational transition to 1/32° global NLOM with continued refinement to methods accounting for differences in mean SSH.
Isotope Effects in Ion-Exchange Equilibria in Aqueous and Mixed Solvent Systems (1979)

Abstract Isotope effects in ion-exchange equilibria in aqueous and mixed solvents are analyzed in terms of the general features of ion-exchange equilibria and of isotope effects in chemical equilibria. The special role of solvent fractionation effects in ion-exchange equilibria in mixed solvents is pointed out. The various situations arising in isotope fractionation in ion exchange in mixed solvents due to solvent fractionation effects are theoretically discussed. The experimental data on lithium isotope effects in ion-exchange equilibria in mixed solvents are shown to conform to the above situations. The limitations of ion-exchange equilibria in mixed solvents for isotope fractionation are pointed out.
Testing Logic Networks and Designing for Testability (1979)

VLSI has brought exciting increases in circuit density and performance capability. But it has also aggravated the problem of chip, component and system testing. Here are some approaches to dealing with that problem.
Wireless real-time monitoring of malolactic fermentation in wine barrels: the Wireless Sensor Bung system (2012)

Background and Aims Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is a metabolic process promoted in wine by lactic acid bacteria, which can improve wine quality. The MLF, however, must be properly monitored and handled in a timely manner as the bacteria remaining in the wine can produce off-flavours. This work describes the Wireless Sensor Bung (WSB), a system for monitoring remotely wine parameters in barrel and a methodology for monitoring MLF in real time. Methods and Results A wireless system to measure wine deacidification because of MLF was developed. The WSB was calibrated and tested in an experiment in a commercial cellar to assess the system performance in a barrel. The system enabled an exhaustive monitoring of wine deacidification associated with MLF. Conclusions The WSB system was demonstrated to be an effective tool for monitoring remotely MLF in barrel. Significance of the Study The WSB provides timely information on the completion of MLF, so that lactic acid bacteria can be eliminated from wine before they produce undesirable metabolites.
What is the “normal” fetal heart rate? (2013)

Aim. There is no consensus about the normal fetal heart rate. Current international guidelines recommend for the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline different ranges of 110 to 150 beats per minute (bpm) or 110 to 160 bpm. We started with a precise definition of "normality" and performed a retrospective computerized analysis of electronically recorded FHR tracings. Methods. We analyzed all recorded cardiotocography tracings of singleton pregnancies in three German medical centers from 2000 to 2007 and identified 78,852 tracings of sufficient quality. For each tracing, the baseline FHR was extracted by eliminating accelerations/decelerations and averaging based on the "delayed moving windows" algorithm. After analyzing 40% of the dataset as "training set" from one hospital generating a hypothetical normal baseline range, evaluation of external validity on the other 60% of the data was performed using data from later years in the same hospital and externally using data from the two other hospitals. Results. Based on the training data set, the "best" FHR range was 115 or 120 to 160 bpm. Validation in all three data sets identified 120 to 160 bpm as the correct symmetric "normal range". FHR decreases slightly during gestation. Conclusions. Normal ranges for FHR are 120 to 160 bpm. Many international guidelines define ranges of 110 to 160 bpm which seem to be safe in daily practice. However, further studies should confirm that such asymmetric alarm limits are safe, with a particular focus on the lower bound, and should give insights about how to show and further improve the usefulness of the widely used practice of CTG monitoring.
Study of the Effects of Progressive Changes in Alkoxysilane Structure on Sol−Gel Reactivity (2006)

Effects of the structure of an alkoxysilane on the early reaction kinetics of sol-gel polymerization are investigated in basic and acidic conditions. Six silanes, including tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTMSE), bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (BTMSH), and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (BTMSPA), are selected to examine the effects of progressive changes in the silane's structure. In basic conditions, reactivities of the silanes follow the pairwise trends TEOS << TMOS, TMOS > MTMS, MTMS < BTMSE, BTMSE >> BTMSH, and BTMSH << BTMSPA. Hydrolysis rate coefficients of BTMSE, TMOS, MTMS, and BTMSPA are similar in value and are almost one order of magnitude larger than the coefficients of BTMSH and TEOS. In acidic conditions, the pairwise reactivity trends are TEOS approximately TMOS, TMOS < MTMS, MTMS > BTMSE, BTMSE >> BTMSH, and BTMSH > BTMSPA. The condensation rate coefficients of BTMSH and BTMPA are much smaller than the others. Theses relationships can be explained mainly on the basis of the expected inductive and steric factors of the silanes. Bulky organics attached to the silane lead to low reactivity in both acidic and basic conditions. A high electron density at silicon leads to a low reactivity in basic conditions but a high reactivity in acidic conditions (pH approximately 2.3). Only BTMSPA in basic conditions defies these trends, possibly because of the effects of solvation near the reactive silicon site.
Layer interdiffusion in Se-doped Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As-GaAs superlattices (1987)

Transmission electron microscopy and carrier concentration measurements are used to characterize the layer interdiffusion (Al-Ga interdiffusion) mechanism of a Se-doped AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs superlattice (SL) under high-temperature annealing. By varying the annealing environment and comparing the results with similarly annealed undoped SL’s and Mg-doped SL’s, we find that the layer interdiffusion occurs through interaction of the Se impurity with native defects associated with As-rich conditions, the most likely of which is the column III vacancy.
LiveLab (2011)

We present LiveLab, a methodology to measure real-world smartphone usage and wireless networks with a reprogrammable indevice logger designed for long-term user studies. We discuss the challenges of privacy protection and power impact in LiveLab and offer our solutions. We present an iPhone 3GS based deployment of LiveLab with 25 users intended for one year. Early results from the data collection so far highlight the unique strengths and potential of LiveLab. We have two objectives in this position paper. First, we demonstrate the feasibility and capability of LiveLab. By sharing our experience, we seek to advocate LiveLab as a network and user measurement methodology. Second, we present our preliminary findings, and seek feedback from the community regarding what data to collect.
Regression Test-Selection Technique Using Component Model Based Modification: Code to Test Traceability (2016)

Regression testing is a safeguarding procedure to validate and verify adapted software, and guarantee that no errors have emerged. However, regression testing is very costly when testers need to re-execute all the test cases against the modified software. This paper proposes a new approach in regression test selection domain. The approach is based on meta-models (test models and structured models) to decrease the number of test cases to be used in the regression testing process. The approach has been evaluated using three Java applications. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we compare the results using the re-test to all approaches. The results have shown that our approach reduces the size of test suite without negative impact on the effectiveness of the fault detection.
Osteopontin Is Expressed in the Mouse Uterus during Early Pregnancy and Promotes Mouse Blastocyst Attachment and Invasion In Vitro (2014)

Embryo implantation into the maternal uterus is a decisive step for successful mammalian pregnancy. Osteopontin (OPN) is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family and participates in cell adhesion and invasion. In this study, we showed that Opn mRNA levels are up-regulated in the mouse uterus on day 4 and at the implantation sites on days 5 and 8 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry localized the OPN protein to the glandular epithelium on day 4 and to the decidual zone on day 8 of pregnancy. OPN mRNA and proteins are induced by in vivo and in vitro decidualization. OPN expression in the endometrial stromal cells is regulated by progesterone, a key regulator during decidualization. As a secreted protein, the protein level of OPN in the uterine cavity is enriched on day 4, and in vitro embryo culturing has indicated that OPN can facilitate blastocyst hatching and adhesion. Knockdown of OPN attenuates the adhesion and invasion of blastocysts in mouse endometrial stromal cells by suppressing the expression and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the trophoblast. Our data indicated that OPN expression in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy is essential for blastocyst hatching and adhesion and that the knockdown of OPN in mouse endometrial stroma cells could lead to a restrained in vitro trophoblast invasion.
Exploring Continuous Pressure Input for Mobile Phones (2006)

The input capabilities of mobile phones are limited by their physical form factor. Approaches to augmenting those capabilities that expand the input space without negatively impacting size or weight are particularly desirable. We propose adding simple pressure sensors under the keypad buttons to provide multiple channels of continuous pressure input. Pressure input supports a larger and more interesting interaction space without some of the unusual or unwanted qualities of some other approaches. We describe an implementation of our pressure-augmented system and show a number of interaction techniques, some old and some new, facilitated by continual pressure. We contrast these techniques with previous sensor-augmentation devices and highlight notable differences and advantages. ACM Classification: H5.2 [Information interfaces and
Effect of Phytoncide from Trees on Human Natural Killer Cell Function (2009)

We previously reported that the forest environment enhanced human natural killer (NK) cell activity, the number of NK cells, and intracellular anti-cancer proteins in lymphocytes, and that the increased NK activity lasted for more than 7 days after trips to forests both in male and female subjects. To explore the factors in the forest environment that activated human NK cells, in the present study we investigate the effect of essential oils from trees on human immune function in twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-60 years, who stayed at an urban hotel for 3 nights from 7.00 p.m. to 8.00 a.m. Aromatic volatile substances (phytoncides) were produced by vaporizing Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki cypress) stem oil with a humidifier in the hotel room during the night stay. Blood samples were taken on the last day and urine samples were analysed every day during the stay. NK activity, the percentages of NK and T cells, and granulysin, perforin, granzyme A/B-expressing lymphocytes in blood, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine were measured. Similar control measurements were made before the stay on a normal working day. The concentrations of phytoncides in the hotel room air were measured. Phytoncide exposure significantly increased NK activity and the percentages of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzyme A/B-expressing cells, and significantly decreased the percentage of T cells, and the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine. Phytoncides, such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, were detected in the hotel room air. These findings indicate that phytoncide exposure and decreased stress hormone levels may partially contribute to increased NK activity.
A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense. (1995)

In this paper we report a recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), that impairs the inducibility of all genes encoding antibacterial peptides during the immune response of Drosophila. When challenged with bacteria, flies carrying this mutation show a lower survival rate than wild-type flies. We also report that, in contrast to the antibacterial peptides, the antifungal peptide drosomycin remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existence of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide drosomycin.
Induction and Biochemical Purification of RNA-Induced Silencing Complex From Drosophila S2 Cells (2004)

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) has greatly simplified the process of suppressing genes in many experimental systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. A sequence-specific nuclease complex, called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), can be purified from cells undergoing RNAi. RISC shows RNase activity when exposed to RNAs homologous to the input double-stranded RNA (dsRNAs) but lacks activity in the presence of nontargeted RNAs. We describe the induction of RNAi by dsRNA in cultured Drosophila Schneider-2 (S2) cells and detail procedures for RISC purification from these cells. This purification approach has allowed us to identify several RISC components, including siRNAs, Argo naute 2 (Ago-2), Drosophila Fragile X related protein (dFXR), Vasa intronic gene (VIG), and the micrococcal nuclease family member Tudor-SN (Drosophila CG7008). RNAi is carried out by an endogenous pathway important for normal development in many organisms. In fact, organisms express hundreds of different microRNAs (miRNAs), small hairpin RNAs that function through the RNAi pathway to suppress expression of endogenous genes. The function of miRNAs is poorly understood, and most of their targets are unknown. Purified RISC complexes contain short interfering RNAs and endogenously expressed miRNAs and will be useful for studying many aspects of the RNAi machinery.