gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of phase derivatives using discrete chirp-Fourier-transform-based method (2009)

Estimation of phase derivatives is an important task in many interferometric measurements in optical metrology. This Letter introduces a method based on discrete chirp-Fourier transform for accurate and direct estimation of phase derivatives, even in the presence of noise. The method is introduced in the context of the analysis of reconstructed interference fields in digital holographic interferometry. We present simulation and experimental results demonstrating the utility of the proposed method.
Human-object-object-interaction affordance (2013)

This paper presents a novel human-object-object (HOO) interaction affordance learning approach that models the interaction motions between paired objects in a human-object-object way and use the motion models to improve the object recognition reliability. The innate interaction-affordance knowledge of the paired objects is modeled from a set of labeled training data that contains relative motions of the paired objects, humans actions, and object labels. The learned knowledge of the pair relationship is represented with a Bayesian Network and the trained network is used to improve recognition reliability of the objects.
Ion Back-Bombardment of GaAs Photocathodes Inside DC High Voltage Electron Guns (2006)

DC high voltage GaAs photoguns are key components at accelerator facilities worldwide. New experiments and new accelerator facilities demand improved performance from these guns, in particular higher current operation and longer photocathode operating lifetime. This conference submission explores bulk GaAs photocathode lifetime as a function of beam current, active photocathode area, laser spot size and the vacuum of the gun and beam line. Lifetime measurements were made at 100 μA, a beam current relevant for accelerators like CEBAF, and at beam currents of 1 mA and 5 mA, a regime that is interesting for high current Free Electron Laser (FEL) and Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) operation.
Astrovirus associated gastroenteritis in a children's ward. (1977)

During an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a paediatric ward astroviruses were found in faeces from 17 to 27 symptomatic children and from four of 14 members of the staff with diarrhoea. No viruses were found in 10 asymptomatic children. Fourteen of the 21 astrovirus excretors were free of any recognised pathogens, but in the other seven, rotaviruses or pathogenic bacteria were also present. Serological evidence of astrovirus infection was obtained in five adults and two children.
Type 1 Fimbriation and Phase Switching in a Natural <i>Escherichia coli fimB</i> Null Strain, Nissle 1917 (1999)

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 has been used as a probiotic against intestinal disorders for many decades. It is a good colonizer of the human gut and has been reported to be able to express type 1 fimbriae. Type 1 fimbriae are surface organelles which mediate alpha-D-mannose-sensitive binding to various host cell surfaces. The expression is phase variable, and two tyrosine recombinases, FimB and FimE, mediate the inversion of the fimbrial phase switch. Current evidence suggests that FimB can carry out recombination in both directions, whereas FimE-catalyzed switching is on to off only. We show here that under liquid shaking growth conditions, Nissle 1917 did not express type 1 fimbriae, due to a truncation of the fimB gene by an 1,885-bp insertion element. Despite its fimB null status, Nissle 1917 was still capable of off-to-on switching of the phase switch and expressing type 1 fimbriae when grown under static conditions. This phase switching was not catalyzed by FimE, by truncated FimB, or by information residing within the insertion element. No further copies of fimB seemed to be present on the chromosome of Nissle 1917, suggesting that another tyrosine recombinase in Nissle 1917 is responsible for the low-frequency off-to-on inversion of the phase switch that is strongly favored under static growth conditions. This is the first report documenting the non-FimB- or non-FimE-catalyzed inversion of the fim switch.
Nonspecific Inflammation Inhibits Adenovirus-Mediated Pulmonary Gene Transfer and Expression Independent of Specific Acquired Immune Responses (1998)

Replication-deficient adenovirus vectors (Avs) have shown high-efficiency gene transfer in a variety of animal models, but demonstrated lower than expected efficiency in the intensely inflammatory milieu of the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Specific acquired immune responses directed at adenovirus capsid proteins are known to limit the duration of transgene expression and the effectiveness of vector readministration. In these models, however, nonspecific inflammation is also frequently noted to accompany specific immune responses. Because inflammation can occur early after Av administration, we hypothesized that inflammation may block Av-mediated gene transfer in the lung independent of specific immune responses. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured pulmonary gene transfer and expression in the absence or presence of the potent antiinflammatory agent dexamethasone. To address and eliminate concerns over the potentially confounding effects of systemic, vector-specific acquired immune responses, evaluations were confined to a 3-day period following Av administration and were carried out, in parallel, in normal and immunodeficient (athymic) mice. Dexamethasone significantly reduced Av-associated inflammation in all animals as measured by a significant reduction of blinded, quantitative lung histopathology scores and by reduced proinflammatory cytokine release. Concomitant with reduced inflammation, gene transfer efficiency was significantly increased in both normal and immunodeficient animals as measured by transgene product activity (beta-galactosidase) in total lung homogenates 3 days after vector administration. This finding could not be explained by a direct effect of dexamethasone on transgene specific activity. To begin to understand the molecular mechanisms of Av-induced inflammatory responses, lung levels of the chemoattractive chemokines MIP-2, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1 were quantified. All were elevated significantly in Av-exposed animals. Dexamethasone reduced levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha, but not MIP-2, consistent with the observed pattern of inflammatory cell changes. Expression of several proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma were also elevated in Av-exposed animals and modulated by dexamethasone. These observations demonstrate that nonspecific inflammation is an important determinant of the efficiency of in vivo pulmonary gene transfer and expression independent of specific immune responses and may have important implications for human gene therapy for diseases of the lung.
Multi-parameter Microwave Inverse Scattering with Group Sparsity Constraints (2018)

We present a multi-parameter inverse scattering method with group sparsity constraint, which improves the image reconstruction results in case the images of different parameters have similar shape or structure. In inverse scattering imaging, the system of equations to be solved is often under-determined where the number of measurements is less than the number of image pixels. This becomes even worse for objects described by a multi-parameter material model where the total number of unknowns grows by a factor of the number of material parameters. However, in many cases, images of different material parameters, such as permittivity and conductivity, share similar structure or shape, where group sparsity regularization can be used to effectively capture this prior information. We compare the inverse scattering of 3-parameter dispersive material objects using Tikhonov, sparsity, and group-sparsity regularization. After minimizing to the same measurement objective function error, compared with Tikhonov and sparsity regularization, the group sparsity regularized inversion produces a better shape and contrast reconstruction of all 3 parameters and achieves the lowest overall image pixel value error.
First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis with two orthogonal two hole plates (2018)

OBJECTIVE: First MTP joint fusion is a reliable procedure for advanced arthritis for the first MTP joint. There are many techniques described. The purpose of our study is to report clinical, radiological, functional outcomes and complications of first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion with hand preparation of the joint and fixation with two orthogonal locking plates without a compression screw. METHODS: 32 feet in 26 consecutive patients under went first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion with above technique. There were 23 women and 3 men. Mean age was 64 years and mean follow-up was 49 months. 21 patients had osteoarthritis, 10 had rheumatoid arthritis and one had psoriatic arthritis. Clinical, radiological, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score and Foot and Ankle Disability Index clinical rating scales were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Fusion was achieved in 27 feet. The incidence of radiological non-union was 15.7%. Mean AOFAS score improved from 37.1 to 80.7 (p < 0.0001) and mean FADI score improved from 40.3 to 86.9 postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Two patients with osteoarthritis and three with Rheumatoid arthritis did not unite. Four of these patients were managing hence revision surgery was not carried out but had low AOFAS and FADI scores. One patient with symptomatic non-union declined further surgery. One patient needed plate removal for a low grade infection and reoperation rate was 3.1%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis using two orthogonal two hole plates without a compression screw is associated with a higher non-union rate in our cohort hence we do not recommend this technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Multimodal Biometric System (2008)

Single biometric system has certain inherent problems such as noisy sensor data, non-universality of biometric trait, restricted degrees of freedom and unaccepted error rates. Multibiometric system tries to overcome these problems by providing multiple evidences of the same identity. One other advantage is spoofing of these multibiometrics simultaneously become more difficult for an intruder. In this paper, iris and palmprint are the two biometrics used to build multibiometric system. Information presented by these two biometrics is fused to make the system efficient. Here fusion of two modalities is done at the matching score level by using a technique called sum rule. This paper presented experimental results of an Iris recognition, palmprint authentication and multibiometric system (fusion of iris and palmprint). An experimental result shows that the Multimodal biometric system is efficient compared to unimodal biometric system.
Disopyramide-Induced Urinary Retention (1983)

• Urinary retention is sometimes reported as an adverse reaction during disopyramide phosphate therapy. We report one case of acute renal failure and eight cases of urinary retention. Previous reports of this adverse reaction are summarized. The cause of disopyramide-induced urinary retention is unknown. It is possible that disopyramide or a metabolite via their anticholinergic properties plays some role in the manifestation of urinary tract symptomatology. Treatment of this adverse reaction includes lowering the dose, discontinuing the drug, or possibly using a cholinergic drug to compete with the anticholinergic effects of the disopyramide. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1983;143:1683-1686)
Propylene Oxide and Higher 1,2‐Epoxide Polymers (2008)

Abstract Polymeric derivatives of propylene oxide (PO) and higher epoxides are very important in polymer chemistry. Low molecular weight homopolymers of PO and copolymers of PO and ethylene oxide are used in polyurethanes, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, surface active agents, and chemical intermediates. They are known as polyether polyols, polyethers, or polyols. Low molecular weight polyethers are prepared via acid or base catalysis. Propylene oxide is manufactured by either the chlorohydrin process or the peroxidation process. Polymerization mechanisms (anionic, cationic, and coordinate) are described. Details of polyol manufacture are given, such as stoichiometry, processing, removal of catalyst, and stabilization, for example. The most important chemical property of poly(propylene oxide) in polyurethane applications is the primary or secondary hydroxyl end group. Properties of various polyols are given. A number of block and random copolymers are known. Propylene oxide is highly reactive and is a primary irritant. Toxicities of selected epoxides are given.
α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrin‐specific collagen‐mimetic surfaces supporting osteoblastic differentiation (2004)

The interactions of osteoblasts with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for skeletal development, homeostasis, and maintenance of the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Integrins are the principal transducers of ECM signals that regulate this process of osteoblast commitment and differentiation. Several studies indicate that the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin interaction with type I collagen is a crucial signal for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Integrin alpha(2)beta(1) recognizes the Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Glu-Arg (GFOGER) motif in residues 502-507 of the alpha(1)[I] chain of type I collagen. This study demonstrates that an alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-specific GFOGER peptide triggers the activation of focal adhesion kinase and alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3-E1 murine immature osteoblast-like cells, two events that have been implicated in the osteoblastic differentiation pathway. These GFOGER-peptide surfaces also support the expression of multiple osteoblast-specific genes, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, and induce matrix mineralization in a manner similar to type I collagen. This triple-helical peptide represents a promising surface modification strategy for the design of collagen-mimetic bioadhesive surfaces that support osteoblastic differentiation.
Remarks on an adaptive type self-tuning controller using neural networks (2002)

The authors propose an adaptive type of self-tuning controller which offers the possibility of enhanced robustness. This controller does not use a desired feedback gain predetermined by conventional control theories as a teaching signal. Simulated results using a second-order plant show the nonlinear neural network effect for the nonlinear plant. They also show that a controller using a linear neural network is better than one using a nonlinear neural network in the region of small nonlinear and parasite terms. Experimental results using a force confirmed that the controller is useful for an actual system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FreeLB: Enhanced Adversarial Training for Language Understanding (2019)

Adversarial training, which minimizes the maximal risk for label-preserving input perturbations, has proved to be effective for improving the generalization of language models. In this work, we propose a novel adversarial training algorithm - FreeLB, that promotes higher robustness and invariance in the embedding space, by adding adversarial perturbations to word embeddings and minimizing the resultant adversarial risk inside different regions around input samples. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we apply it to Transformer-based models for natural language understanding and commonsense reasoning tasks. Experiments on the GLUE benchmark show that when applied only to the finetuning stage, it is able to improve the overall test scores of BERT-based model from 78.3 to 79.4, and RoBERTa-large model from 88.5 to 88.8. In addition, the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art test accuracies of 85.39\% and 67.32\% on ARC-Easy and ARC-Challenge. Experiments on CommonsenseQA benchmark further demonstrate that FreeLB can be generalized and boost the performance of RoBERTa-large model on other tasks as well.
Phosphorylation of Threonine 61 by Cyclin A/Cdk1 Triggers Degradation of Stem-Loop Binding Protein at the End of S Phase (2008)

Histone mRNA levels are cell cycle regulated, and a major regulatory mechanism is restriction of stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) to S phase. Degradation of SLBP at the end of S phase results in cessation of histone mRNA biosynthesis, preventing accumulation of histone mRNA until SLBP is synthesized just before entry into the next S phase. Degradation of SLBP requires an SFTTP (58 to 62) and KRKL (95 to 98) sequence, which is a putative cyclin binding site. A fusion protein with the 58-amino-acid sequence of SLBP (amino acids 51 to 108) fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) is sufficient to mimic SLBP degradation at late S phase. Using GST-SLBP fusion proteins as a substrate, we show that cyclin A/Cdk1 phosphorylates Thr61. Furthermore, knockdown of Cdk1 by RNA interference stabilizes SLBP at the end of S phase. Phosphorylation of Thr61 is necessary for subsequent phosphorylation of Thr60 by CK2 in vitro. Inhibitors of CK2 also prevent degradation of SLBP at the end of S phase. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr61 by cyclin A/Cdk1 primes phosphorylation of Thr60 by CK2 and is responsible for initiating SLBP degradation. We conclude that the increase in cyclin A/Cdk1 activity at the end of S phase triggers degradation of SLBP at S/G(2).
A survey on IoT architectures, protocols, applications, security, privacy, real-world implementation and future trends (2015)

The Internet is dramatically evolving and creating various connectivity methodologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of those methodologies which transform current Internet communication to Machine-to-Machine (M2M) basis. Hence, IoT can seamlessly connect the real world and cyberspace via physical objects that embed with various types of intelligent sensors. A large number of Internet-connected machines will generate and exchange an enormous amount of data that make daily life more convenient, help to make a tough decision and provide beneficial services. This paper not only describes about the evolution and how important of IoT in daily life, the generic architecture, its most widely used protocols, numerous possible applications but also concern over security and privacy issues in IoT, real-world implementation of IoT system by using Arduino and its future trends. The IoT probably becomes one of the most popular networking concepts that has the potential to bring out many benefits.
Applying Formal Methods to Modeling and Analysis of Real-time Data Streams (2011)

Achieving situation awareness is especially challenging for real-time data stream applications because they i) operate on continuous unbounded streams of data, and ii) have inherent realtime requirements. In this paper we showed how formal data stream modeling and analysis can be used to better understand stream behavior, evaluate query costs, and improve application performance. We used MEDAL, a formal specification language based on Petri nets, to model the data stream queries and the quality-of-service management mechanisms of RT-STREAM, a prototype system for data stream management. MEDAL's ability to combine query logic and data admission control in one model allows us to design a single comprehensive model of the system. This model can be used to perform a large set of analyses to help improve the application's performance and quality of service.
Soft decoding of several classes of array codes (2003)

The potential of using various classes of MDS array codes as LDPC codes is examined. These codes include the BR code, a modified EVENODD code, and the X-code. The algebraic structures of the array codes can enable more efficient encoding and decoding in terms of memory space and computation time. Experimental results show iterative decoding of these array codes provides comparable or slightly better error correction performance than a regular LDPC code with similar parameters. In addition, these codes can be decoded as array codes.
Full 360$^{\circ }$ Vector-Sum Phase-Shifter for Microwave System Applications (2009)

An innovative vector-sum phase shifter with a full 360° variable phase-shift range is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. It employs an active balun and a very high-speed CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) integrator to generate the four quadrature basis vector signals. The fabricated chip operates in the 2-3 GHz, it exhibits an average insertion gain of 1.5 dB at midband, and has an RMS phase error below 5° over the measured frequency span. The chip consumes 24 mW of DC power and is highly compact, measuring only 0.38 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including bonding pads.
Bioactive Monoterpenes from<i>Monarda fistulosa</i>(Lamiaceae) (1998)

Abstract Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Monarda fistulosa L. (F005), using the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and crown gall tumor potato disc assay (PD), led to the isolation of the bioactive monoterpenes, thymoquinone (1), and thymol (2). 1, surprisingly, exhibited selective cytotoxicities against certain cell lines. Of over 60 human tumor cell lines evaluated, 1 was very selective for SF-539 (CNS) with an LC50 < 2.51 × 10−2 μg/ml. Other cell lines targeted by 1 were PC-3 (prostate), M-14 (melanoma), OVCAR-5 (ovarian), and MCF-7 (breast). The reduction of 1 to thymohydroquinone (3) resulted in a 1.7 fold decrease in the cytotoxic potency for PC-3. Thymol (2), although not significantly cytotoxic, demonstrated strong pesticidal activity, more potent than rotenone, in the yellow fever mosquito larvae assay (YFM). None of the compounds, 1–3, approached the IC50 value of rotenone in inhibiting oxygen uptake in the rat liver mitochondrial bioassay, suggesting that they must have another mode of action.
The role of gastrin and cholecystokinin in normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal growth (1995)

Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) act as growth factors for the gastric mucosa and the pancreas, respectively. CCK is also responsible, via the CCK-A receptor, for the pancreatic hyperplasia observed following the feeding of protease inhibitors or pancreaticobiliary diversion. Hypergastrinaemia does not increase the incidence of spontaneous gastrointestinal carcinoma, but does stimulate the proliferation of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells via the gastrin/CCK-B receptor, with a consequent increase in the incidence of gastric carcinoids. Whether gastrin influences mutagen-induced gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is still controversial, but CCK clearly enhances the induction by carcinogens of acinar tumours in the pancreas. While gastrin increases xenograft growth of 50% of gastrointestinal tumours tested, effects on the proliferation of gastrointestinal tumour cell lines in vitro have been more difficult to demonstrate, perhaps because many cell lines are already maximally stimulated by autocrine gastrin. Gastrin mRNA and progastrin, but not mature amidated gastrin, have been detected in all gastrointestinal cell lines tested. Although cell proliferation is inhibited by gastrin/CCK receptor antagonists, the spectrum of antagonist affinities is not consistent with binding to either CCK-A or gastrin/CCK-B receptors. Definition of the molecular structure of the receptor involved in the autocrine loop may lead to novel therapies for gastrointestinal cancer.