gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smartphone-Based Solutions for Fall Detection and Prevention: Challenges and Open Issues (2014)

This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of smartphone (SP)-based solutions for fall detection and prevention. Falls are considered as major health hazards for both the elderly and people with neurodegenerative diseases. To mitigate the adverse consequences of falling, a great deal of research has been conducted, mainly focused on two different approaches, namely, fall detection and fall prevention. Required hardware for both fall detection and prevention are also available in SPs. Consequently, researchers' interest in finding SP-based solutions has increased dramatically over recent years. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no published review on SP-based fall detection and prevention. Thus in this paper, we present the taxonomy for SP-based fall detection and prevention solutions and systematic comparisons of existing studies. We have also identified three challenges and three open issues for future research, after reviewing the existing articles. Our time series analysis demonstrates a trend towards the integration of external sensing units with SPs for improvement in usability of the systems.
Cellular location of the cleavage event of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and fate of its anchoring domain in the rat hepatocyte (1989)

Transcytosis of polymeric immunoglobulin (pIg) across glandular and mucosal epithelia is mediated by a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, the pIg receptor. During transcellular routing, the receptor is cleaved and its ectoplasmic domain, known as secretory component (SC), is released into secretions bound to pIg. Using receptor-domain-specific antibodies, we have combined cell fractionation and immunoblotting of rat liver to examine the cellular routing of the receptor, the cellular location of the cleavage event and the fate of the anchor domain. Cleavage is a late event in receptor processing. It appears to occur at the canalicular plasma membrane, since intact receptor is present in this membrane domain and no SC is detected in whole liver homogenate or in cell fractions. The membrane anchor remaining after cleavage can be recovered in bile, as well as in a low-density fraction obtained after equilibrium centrifugation of liver (microsomal fractions) on sucrose density gradients. These data suggest that the membrane-anchor domain may be internalized as well as secreted together with SC into bile.
Developing video-based course material for slow dialup connections (2004)

Production of multimedia-based teaching modules for developing countries and transition economies poses a serious challenge for course developers. Severe restrictions have to be observed for video and audio streaming because of slow and unreliable data transmission. This paper discusses how digital audio and video material can be produced and delivered over low-speed Internet connections. Different approaches are presented and evaluated. Techniques to improve the efficiency of multimedia delivery through dialup connections are described.
Electric Pulse-Induced Fusion of 3T3 Cells in Monolayer Culture (1982)

Swiss mouse 3T3-C2 fibroblasts, grown to confluence in monolayer culture, are shown to fuse when exposed to electric fields. Exposure to five repetitive electric pulses of about 1 kilovolt per centimeter with a duration of 50 microseconds caused approximately 20 percent of the cells to become fused (multinucleate) when 1 millimolar magnesium was present in the medium. The effects of minimum thresholds of field strength, pulse duration, and number of pulses were determined. Cell disruption was observed when the electric field exceeded 2.0 kilovolts per centimeter or the pulse was of longer duration than 120 microseconds.
Microemulsions based on paeonol-menthol eutectic mixture for enhanced transdermal delivery: formulation development and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation (2016)

In this work, microemulsion-based gels were prepared for transdermal delivery of paeonol. Microemulsions containing eutectic mixtures of paeonol and menthol were developed. The obtained microemulsions were evaluated for particle size, viscosity and physical stability. The selected microemulsions were incorporated into Carbopol gels. Drug crystallization behavior during a short-term storage was compared and in vitro permeation and deposition study were conducted on mouse skin. Results showed that the eutectic liquids of paeonol and menthol at all ratio (6:4, 5:5 and 4:6) could form microemulsions but with significantly different physical characteristics. As the ratio of paeonol increased, the prepared microemulsions exhibited larger droplet size, higher viscosity and quicker crystal growth. Microemulsion containing paeonol and menthol at a ratio of 4:6 possessed the smallest size of 27 nm. Accordingly, the related gel showed better physical stability during 10 days of storage, as well as the highest percent of drug deposition (111.8 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>) and steady-state flux (0.3 μg/cm<sup>2</sup> h). These results suggested that the microemulsion formulation is a preferable approach for enhanced skin permeation, and the microemulsion based on drug-menthol eutectic mixture might be used as a potential transdermal delivery system for better therapeutic efficacy.
The Effectiveness and Risks of Bariatric Surgery (2013)

Bariatric surgery provides substantial and sustained effects on weight loss and ameliorates obesity-attributable comorbidities in the majority of bariatric patients, although risks of complication, reoperation, and death exist. Death rates were lower than those reported in previous meta-analyses.
Modeling the optical dielectric function of semiconductors: Extension of the critical-point parabolic-band approximation (1992)

A model is proposed for the line shape of the optical dielectric function of zinc-blende semiconductors. For comparison with previously proposed models, this model is used primarily with spectroscopic ellipsometry data (but also transmission data below 1.5 eV) to obtain an analytic room-temperature dielectric function for GaAs. It is found to be more generally valid than the harmonic-oscillator model, the critical-point (CP) model, or the model of Adachi. It is applicable over the entire range of photon energies, below and above the lowest band gaps, incorporates the electronic band structure of the medium, and exactly satisfies the Kramers-Kronig transformation. It goes beyond the CP parabolic-band approximation in that it correctly takes into account the full analytic form of the electronic density of states and thus does not require the use of arbitrary cutoff energies. Also, it allows one to go beyond the usual approximation of Lorentzian broadening, which is known to be incorrect for elements and compounds above very low temperatures. For these reasons, it results in excellent quantitative agreement with experimental results for the dielectric function and for its derivatives with respect to photon energy, much better than that given by earlier models. Finally, the parameters of the model are physically significant and are easily determined as functions of composition for semiconductor alloys. Application of the model to the fitting of spectroscopic data on GaAs strongly suggests that spectroscopic ellipsometry does not measure the true bulk dielectric function. It also supports the conclusion that the line-shape broadening in GaAs at room temperature is more nearly Gaussian than Lorentzian.
Hyperlipidaemia in cisplatin-induced nephrotic rats (1999)

The serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were investigated in rats made nephrotic with a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). The serum creatinine and urea concentrations were estimated as indices of nephrotoxicity, and the serum total bilirubin level as a liver function test. 3 The fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and the cholesterol fractions associated with the various lipoproteins, as well as hepatic cholesterol and TG contents were also measured, following 5, 10 and 15 days from the cisplatin treatment. 4 The results revealed that on day 5 both serum creatinine and urea concentrations were significantly (P<0.01) increased, indicating the peak of nephrotoxicity, with no injurious effects on the liver as indicated by the unaltered serum bilirubin concentration. 5 The nephrotoxicity was accompanied by significant elevations in serum total cholesterol and TG concentrations by 49 and 42%, respectively, with significant (P < 0.05) correlations between the serum cholesterol and TG concentrations versus the serum urea (r=0.68 and r=0.60, respectively). Among the estimated lipoproteins, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was severely increased to more than twofold with no severe changes in LDL- or HDL-cholesterol fractions. On day 5 the liver also showed significant accumulation of TG with no change in the cholesterol content. Animals killed 10 or 15 days post-cisplatin treatment had all the perturbed parameters returned to the normal levels. The present results indicated that rats exposed to a single cisplatin injection exhibit acute reversible nephrosis on day 5 which was accompanied by dyslipidaemia and accumulated liver TG.
Coupled tendon-driven multijoint manipulator (2002)

A coupled tendon-driven manipulator called the CT arm is introduced, an its control is discussed. The CT arm has a specific tendon traction force transmission mechanism in which a pair of tendons for driving a joint are pulled from base actuators via pulleys mounted on the base-side joints. The mechanism makes the most of the coupled drive function of the tendon traction forces and thus can exhibit enormous payload capability. The CT arm is solidly structured and can be inexpensively manufactured because of its mechanical simplicity. A control algorithm which minimizes the square sum of the traction force of tendons while satisfying given restrictions is introduced. The validity of the control method is shown by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of an Automated Sample Preparation Module for Environmental Monitoring of Biowarfare Agents (2004)

An automated sample preparation module, based upon sequential injection analysis (SIA), has been developed for use within an autonomous pathogen detection system. The SIA system interfaced aerosol sampling with multiplexed microsphere immunoassay-flow cytometric detection. Metering and sequestering of microspheres using SIA was found to be reproducible and reliable, over 24-h periods of autonomous operation. Four inbuilt immunoassay controls showed excellent immunoassay and system stability over five days of unattended continuous operation. Titration curves for two biological warfare agents, Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, obtained using the automated SIA procedure were shown to be similar to those generated using a manual microtiter plate procedure.
Velocity derivative skewness in fractal-generated, non-equilibrium grid turbulence (2015)

The evolution of the velocity derivative skewness, S(∂u/∂x), is investigated along two streamwise axes and four transverse positions in the wake of a square-fractal-element grid. In the near-field, the produced turbulence exhibits non-equilibrium characteristics including Cϵ∼ReMα/ReLβ. In the far-field, the turbulence agrees with canonical grid turbulence results and Cϵ is approximately constant. It is found that in the non-equilibrium region, the value of −S(∂u/∂x) is dependent on both streamwise and transverse positions, but after a sufficient decay period, it takes on a near constant value in the far-field. It is demonstrated that the evolution Cϵ approximately corresponds to that of −S(∂u/∂x), which is suggestive that some of the non-equilibrium properties are likely a result of residual strain from the turbulence generating conditions.
A Sensitive Method for Quantitative Analysis of Phospholipid Molecular Species by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1985)

A simple and sensitive method was developed for quantitative analysis of phospholipid molecular species. Diacylglycerols were prepared from phospholipids by phospholipase C treatment and converted to the corresponding dinitrobenzoyl derivatives, which could be sensitively detected at 254 nm. The derivatives of 21 molecular species were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography with an octadecylsilyl reversed-phase column. All the derivatives had the same peak area per mol, and peak areas were proportional to the amounts of the derivatives. Quantification was carried out at the picomole level.
Multidimensional femtosecond spectroscopies of molecular aggregates and semiconductor nanostructures: The nonlinear exciton equations (1998)

A unified description of nonlinear optical spectroscopies of molecular aggregates (starting with the Frenkel-Heitler-London Hamiltonian) and semiconductors (starting with the two-band model) is developed using the nonlinear exciton equations (NEE). The equations follow explicitly the complete set of one-, two-, and three-point dynamical exciton variables relevant for the third-order response. Effects of nuclear motions are incorporated through relaxation superoperators calculated perturbatively in exciton-phonon coupling. A Green's function expression for the third-order response is derived by solving the NEE using a new truncation scheme based on factorizing the three-point relaxation kernels. These results set the stage for designing multidimensional spectroscopies of excitons and analyzing them using coherence-transfer pathways.
Potential nootropic agents: Synthesis of some (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamides and some related compounds (1990)

Ethyl (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetate was transformed by ester exchange to the 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester VI which was converted to the choline iodide ester VII . The mixed anhydride of (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetic acid and monoethyl carbonate was reacted with ethyl aminoacetate to give the ester VIII which was transformed on the one hand to the amide IX , and to the 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester X on the other. Reaction of the latter with methyl iodide afforded a further choline iodide ester XI . Reactions of (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetyl chloride with 4-chloroaniline and 3-aminopyridine gave the amides XII and XIV . The anilide XIII was obtained from 2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)butyric acid and 4-chloroaniline by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The benzo analogue ( XV ) of piracetam ( I ) was synthesized from oxindole via the ester XVI . The anilide XII (V⁄FB-16 536) was found to potentiate significantly the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam in mice, to prolong the survival time of mice under conditions of nitrogen anoxia, and to prolong significantly the duration of the "gasping reflex" in mice.
Policy-Based Automation in the Autonomic Data Center (2008)

The autonomic data center enables enterprises to respond to pressures of cost, complexity and compliance for the information technology infrastructure that supports their business operations. A data center that uses IT service management to deliver business services offers an environment for incorporating autonomic behavior and capabilities. These autonomic characteristics can address enterprise pressures by achieving a more fully integrated data center that combines self-managing capabilities and leverages knowledge from operational activities to automate and integrate processes, tasks and resources. This paper addresses solutions for one aspect of such an autonomic data center, namely policy-based automation. In this abbreviated paper synopsis, we describe the use of policy and standards to enhance integration and automation.
Automatic Attribution of Quoted Speech in Literary Narrative (2010)

We describe a method for identifying the speakers of quoted speech in natural-language textual stories. We have assembled a corpus of more than 3,000 quotations, whose speakers (if any) are manually identiﬁed, from a collection of 19th and 20th century literature by six authors. Using rule-based and statistical learning, our method identiﬁes candidate characters, determines their genders, and attributes each quote to the most likely speaker. We divide the quotes into syntactic classes in order to leverage common discourse patterns, which enable rapid attribution for many quotes. We apply learning algorithms to the remainder and achieve an overall accuracy of 83%.
Food intake monitoring: an acoustical approach to automated food intake activity detection and classification of consumed food (2012)

Obesity and nutrition-related diseases are currently growing challenges for medicine. A precise and timesaving method for food intake monitoring is needed. For this purpose, an approach based on the classification of sounds produced during food intake is presented. Sounds are recorded non-invasively by miniature microphones in the outer ear canal. A database of 51 participants eating seven types of food and consuming one drink has been developed for algorithm development and model training. The database is labeled manually using a protocol with introductions for annotation. The annotation procedure is evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The food intake activity is detected by the comparison of the signal energy of in-ear sounds to environmental sounds recorded by a reference microphone. Hidden Markov models are used for the recognition of single chew or swallowing events. Intake cycles are modeled as event sequences in finite-state grammars. Classification of consumed food is realized by a finite-state grammar decoder based on the Viterbi algorithm. We achieved a detection accuracy of 83% and a food classification accuracy of 79% on a test set of 10% of all records. Our approach faces the need of monitoring the time and occurrence of eating. With differentiation of consumed food, a first step toward the goal of meal weight estimation is taken.
Adobe-MIT submission to the DSTC 4 Spoken Language Understanding pilot task (2016)

The Dialog State Tracking Challenge 4 (DSTC 4) proposes several pilot tasks. In this paper, we focus on the spoken language understanding pilot task, which consists of tagging a given utterance with speech acts and semantic slots. We compare different classifiers: the best system obtains 0.52 and 0.67 F1-scores on the test set for speech act recognition for the tourist and the guide respectively, and 0.52 F1-score for semantic tagging for both the guide and the tourist.
An Update on the Disappearing Nail Bed (2017)

Our study suggests that DNB is a common phenomenon, which is more likely to appear in advancing age and is associated with onychomycosis.
Composition, Chemical Bonding, and Contamination of Low Temperature SiO x  N  y Insulating Films (1978)

The stoichiometry and contamination of low temperature layers grown by the pyrolytic decomposition of silane in an ammonia‐ and oxygen‐rich atmosphere on and Si substrates are reported. The chemical composition and chemical bonding properties of the films have been analyzed by Auger, nuclear reaction analysis, optical, Rutherford backscattering, and SIMS techniques. Capacitors were fabricated on Si and substrates, and the electrical characteristics were measured. The layers exhibited physical characteristics similar to those of thermally grown layers. Analysis of the films indicated a uniform distribution of Si and O throughout the films. The N concentration measured in the films ranged from 1 to 3% of the O concentration, depending on the growth parameters. The optical results indicated some evidence of small amounts of Si‒N and N‒H bonding. All films grown on Si substrates in the presence of or on substrates had In and Sb contamination throughout, with the In and Sb content increasing from the film/substrate interface to the surface.
Influence of a Subtype of Inhibitory Interneuron on Stimulus-Specific Responses in Visual Cortex (2011)

Inhibition modulates receptive field properties and integrative responses of neurons in cortical circuits. The contribution of specific interneuron classes to cortical circuits and emergent responses is unknown. Here, we examined neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) of adult Dlx1(-/-) mice, which have a selective reduction in cortical dendrite-targeting interneurons (DTIs) that express calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin. The V1 neurons examined in Dlx1(-/-) mice have reduced orientation selectivity and altered firing rates, with elevated late responses, suggesting that local inhibition at dendrites has a specific role in modulating neuronal computations. We did not detect overt changes in the physiological properties of thalamic relay neurons and features of thalamocortical projections, such as retinotopic maps and eye-specific inputs, in the mutant mice, suggesting that the defects are cortical in origin. These experimental results are well explained by a computational model that integrates broad tuning from dendrite-targeting and narrower tuning from soma-targeting interneuron subclasses. Our findings suggest a key role for DTIs in the fine-tuning of stimulus-specific cortical responses.
From Curiosities in Cabinets to Compact Shelving (1989)

The archival collections in the American Museum of Natural History Library include Archives, Photographs, Films and Art and Memorabilia. All of these unique and important collections have been under the Library's curation for only the last six to fifteen years; recently, the concentration has been on the integration and interrelationships of all the Library collections for improved access to this rich resource. While maintaining its unique flavor, the Library is embarking upon an update of its antiquated physical plant and storage facilities.
A thorough QT study to assess the effects of tbo-filgrastim on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects (2015)

Tbo-filgrastim is a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce the duration of severe neutropenia in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anticancer drugs associated with a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia. We assessed the effect of tbo-filgrastim on cardiac conduction and repolarization in healthy subjects. A three-arm, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled, double-blind study randomized healthy adults to a single 5 μg/kg intravenous tbo-filgrastim infusion, a single intravenous placebo infusion, or a single 400 mg moxifloxacin oral dose. The primary end point was placebo-corrected time-matched change from baseline in QT interval corrected using a QT individual correction (QTcI) method. Secondary end points included heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, change in electrocardiogram patterns, correlation between QTcI change from baseline (milliseconds) and tbo-filgrastim serum concentrations, and safety variables. A total of 145 subjects were enrolled (50 tbo-filgrastim, 50 placebo, 45 moxifloxacin). Peak placebo-corrected change from baseline for QTcI with tbo-filgrastim was 3.5 milliseconds, with a two-sided 95% upper confidence interval of 7.2 milliseconds, demonstrating no signal for any tbo-filgrastim effect on QTc. Concentration-effect modeling showed no evidence of an effect of tbo-filgrastim on cardiac repolarization. Tbo-filgrastim produced no clinically significant changes in other electrocardiogram parameters. Tbo-filgrastim was well tolerated.