gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of E2F transcription factor in E1A-mediated trans activation of cellular genes (1991)

Adenovirus E1A-dependent trans activation of the adenovirus E2 gene involves the activation of the cellular transcription factor E2F. E2F binding sites have also been identified in the 5'-flanking region of a number of cellular genes, raising the possibility that such genes are targets for E1A trans activation. We now demonstrate that two genes that possess E2F recognition sites, N-myc and DHFR, are stimulated by E1A, dependent on the E2F sites. We also find that although there are multiple E2F sites in these promoters, a single intact E2F binding site is sufficient for E1A-mediated induction, although not to the full wild-type level. These results thus demonstrate that a variety of cellular genes that possess E2F binding sites are subject to E1A trans activation. Moreover, since the products of most of these genes are likely critical for cellular proliferation, there are obvious consequences of this trans activation for cellular phenotype.
A Single-Chip Image Sensor Node With Energy Harvesting From a CMOS Pixel Array (2017)

This paper presents a single-chip image sensor node with energy harvesting from the pixel array. The design includes a 128 × 96 pixel array that can be reconfigured to form an on-chip photovoltaic cell to harvest energy. An onchip power management unit harvests energy from the pixel array, and delivers multiple regulated output voltage domains to power the sensor, image processor, and memory. The image processor is a low-overhead moving object detection unit to reduce the volume of transmitted data. The proposed sensor node is implemented on a single die in 130-nm technology. The pixel array demonstrates the peak harvested power of 2.1μW. The power dissipation of sensor is reduced by utilizing low-power circuit techniques, including block-level pipelining, power gating, and low-voltage memory. The system can be self-powered to process a frame at every 7 s. We discuss design approaches for improving the self-power performance. The noise characteristic of the reconfigurable sensor is analyzed, and the need for noise-robust moving object detection is evaluated for better image quality and improved self-power performance.
长效干扰素α-2b和α-2a抗病毒效果的比较 (2006)

二十世纪九十年代后期，在慢性丙肝患者的治疗中引进长效干扰素与利巴韦林联合应用是治疗向前发展的重要一步。在相当一部分患者中丙肝已经成为一种可以治愈的疾病，但治疗费用昂贵且存在不良反应，因此在全球范围内只有非常少数的感染者使用得起。正在开发新的抗一HCV蛋白酶抑制剂有望彻底改变HCV的治疗。然而，寄期望于决定治疗的抑制剂来说，最好的方案可能是采用以干扰素为基础的联合治疗。因此，这些研究的目标就是要找到最好的干扰素，既有效又经济是重要的。
Local and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice Immunized Intranasally with Native and Detergent-Extracted Outer Membrane Vesicles from<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2004)

The mouse humoral immune response toward native or detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles (NOMVs and DOMVs, respectively) from Neisseria meningitidis was determined after intranasal immunization. Both preparations elicited high frequencies of NOMV-specific antibody-forming cells (AFCs) locally in the nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) after three or four weekly doses. The diffuse NALT (D-NALT) contained ca. 10-fold more NOMV-specific AFCs than those observed in the mediastinal lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow. AFCs observed in the D-NALT were primarily immunoglobulin A positive (IgA(+)) and were maintained for at least 1 month. In contrast, the organized NALT (O-NALT) contained low numbers of AFCs, and the response was relatively short-lived. In other lymphoid tissues, AFCs producing various IgG subclasses and IgM were present with IgG2b-producing AFCs being dominant or codominant with IgA or IgG2a. In serum and in all of the tissues examined, with the exception of the NALT, NOMVs clearly induced a stronger antibody response and a broader range of antibody isotypes than DOMVs. The development of NOMV-specific AFCs in spleen and bone marrow after intranasal immunization was slow compared to intravenous immunization but, once established, the intranasally elicited responses increased steadily for at least 75 days. NOMV-specific antibodies induced via several routes of immunization had high bactericidal activities in serum. Our results indicated that intranasally administered OMVs induced strong local and systemic antibody responses in mice that were relatively long-lived.
Keloid or Hypertrophic Scar (2005)

Keloid and hypertrophic scars are 2 types of excessive scarring observed clinically that require different therapeutic approaches. The clinical course and physical appearance define keloids and hypertrophic scars as separate entities; however, they are often confused because of an apparent lack of morphologic differences. Nevertheless, clinical differences between hypertrophic scars and keloids have long been recognized by plastic surgeons and dermatologists. Yet, translating these differences into morphologic or biochemical distinctions has prompted much conflict in the literature. The present report is an attempt to clarify the longstanding controversy regarding these 2 similar yet separate and nonidentical entities by highlighting the reported points of differentiation as well as the similarities.
AN ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PERIODONTAL PROBE (2010)

Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, affects millions of people. The current method of detecting periodontal pocket depth is painful, invasive, and inaccurate. As an alternative to manual probing, an ultrasonographic periodontal probe is being developed to use ultrasound echo waveforms to measure periodontal pocket depth, which is the main measure of periodontal disease. Wavelet transforms and pattern classification techniques are implemented in artificial intelligence routines that can automatically detect pocket depth. The main pattern classification technique used here, called a binary classification algorithm, compares test objects with only two possible pocket depth measurements at a time and relies on dimensionality reduction for the final determination. This method correctly identifies up to 90% of the ultrasonographic probe measurements within the manual probe’s tolerance.
The B Subunit of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Inhibits Th1 but Not Th17 Cell Responses in Established Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis (2008)

EtxB preimmunization protects mice from EAU induction by inhibiting Th1 responses, but the resultant reduction in IFN-gamma responses by EtxB does not effect infiltration or structural damage in established EAU, where Th17 responses predominate. These data highlight the critical importance of the dynamics of T-cell phenotype and infiltration during EAU when considering immunomodulatory therapy.
One‐Pot Indium Iodide Mediated Synthesis of Chiral β‐Seleno Amides and Selenocysteine Derivatives by Ring‐Opening Reaction of 2‐Oxazolines (2007)

Abstract A set of chiral β‐seleno amides were efficiently synthesized by a simple and efficient procedure involving a ring‐opening reaction of 2‐oxazoline with diorganyl dichalcogenides mediated by indium(I) iodide. As an application, the synthesis of selenocysteine derivatives was accomplished. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Prediction of internal pressure profile of compression bandages using stress relaxation parameters (2012)

The efficacy of compression therapy using compression bandages is highly dependent on the level of compression applied and the sustenance of the pressure during the course of treatment. This study attempts to predict the pressure profile generated by compression bandages using constitutive equations describing relaxation behavior of viscoelastic materials. It is observed that this pressure profile is highly correlated with the stress relaxation behavior of the bandage. To model the pressure profile, the stress relaxation behavior of compression bandages was studied and modeled using three mechanical models: the Maxwell model, the standard linear solid model and the two-component Maxwell model with a nonlinear spring. It was observed that the models with more component values explained the experimental relaxation curves better. The parameters used for modelling relaxation behavior were used to describe the pressure profile, which is significantly dependent on the longitudinal stress relaxation behavior of the bandage, using the modified Laplace's law equation. This approach thus helps in evaluating the bandage performance with time during compression therapy as novel wound care management.
Codes for improved timing recovery in PR4 and EPR4 magnetic recording (2002)

We consider an alternative to the widely-used (0,G/I) constraint in partial response digital magnetic recording systems. The new one-pairs constraint is an upper bound on the maximum number of symbols between pairs of ones in a coded sequence. Codes for the one-pairs constraint can be used to limit quasi-catastrophic error propagation and improve timing recovery in Class-IV partial response (PR4) and Extended PR4 (EPR4) magnetic recording systems. Rate 4:5, 8:9, 16:17, and 24:25 block and finite state codes are discussed and compared with well-known rate 8:9 and 16:17 block codes. The new codes have improved one pairs statistics, low complexity, and for the 24:25 code, reduced error propagation.
Factors Predictive of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis (1988)

In a historical cohort study, acute renal failure developed in 16.5% of 157 patients with rhabdomyolysis over a two-year study period. Underlying clinical, laboratory, and causative factors associated with the development of acute renal failure were examined. Factors predictive of renal failure in this setting, determined by multiple logistic regression analysis, included the degree of serum creatine kinase, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus level elevation; the degree of depression of serum albumin level; and the presence of dehydration at presentation or sepsis as the underlying cause. The predictive model that was developed correctly classified 93% of subjects and was statistically validated.
Paraquat-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Lung Epithelial Cells (2006)

Background: Paraquat is extremely toxic chemical material, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing multiple organ failure. In particular, paraquat leads to irreversible progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Exaggerated cell deaths exceeding the normal repair of type pneumocytes leads to mesenchymal cells proliferation and fibrosis. This study examined the followings; ) whether or not paraquat induces cell death in lung epithelial cells; ) whether or not paraquat-induced cell deaths are apoptosis or necrosis; and ) the effects of N-acetylcysteine, dexamethasone, and bcl-2 on paraquat-induced cell deaths. Methods: A549 and BEAS-2B lung epithelial cell lines were used. The cell viability and apoptosis were evalluated using a MTT assay, Annexin staining was monitored by fluorescence microscopy, The level of bcl-2 inhibition was examined by establishing stable A549 pcDNA3-bcl-2 cell lines throung the transfection of pcDNA3-bcl-2 with the mock. Results: Paraquat decreased the cell viability in A549 and BEAS-2B cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The Annexin assay showed that apoptosis was the type of paraquat-induced cell death. Paraquat-induced cell deaths was significantly inhibited by N-acetylcysteine, dexamethasone, and bcl-2 overexpression. The cell viability of A549 cells treated with N-acetylcysteine, and dexamethasone on the paraquat-induced cell deaths were increased significantly by 10 ~ 20%, particularly at high doses. In addition, the cell viability of A549 pcDNA3-bcl-2 cells overexpressing bcl-2 was significantly higher than the untransfected A549 cells. Conclusion: Paraquat induces apoptotic cell deaths in lung epithelial cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The paraquat-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells might occur through the mitochondrial pathway.
Selected syntheses of ureas through phosgene substitutes (2000)

Ureas have been traditionally synthesised by methodologies mainly based on the use of dangerous reagents such as phosgene and isocyanates. In the last few years, however, these reagents have been increasingly substituted by cleaner alternative and inherently safer compounds since the goal of the modern environmentally friendly synthetic chemistry is the development and optimisation of reaction conditions to reduce or eliminate the use and production of hazardous materials while maximising energy usage. Thus different and sometimes sophisticated phosgene substitutes such as bis(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate, triphosgene, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, 1,1-carbonylbisimidazole, 1,1-carbonylbisbenzotriazole, S,S-dimethyldithiocarbonate and trihaloacetylchlorides have been utilised as safer reagents which can be stored and handled without special precautions. Moreover, the large scale production of urea derivatives has been more conveniently performed by using simpler and cheaper raw materials such as CO and CO2 in catalytic processes, avoiding production of large amounts of saline by-products which represent the main constituent of chemical waste.
Low-Noise, Low-Jitter, High Detection Efficiency InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (2014)

We present the performance of a novel InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with high detection efficiency and low noise thanks to the improvement of Zinc diffusion conditions and the optimization of the vertical structure. The 25-μm active-area diameter detector, operated in gated-mode with ON time of tens of nanoseconds, shows very low dark count rate (few kilo-counts per second at 225 K and 5 V of excess bias), 30% photon detection efficiency at 1550 nm, low afterpulsing, and a timing response with less than 90-ps full-width at half maximum and very fast exponential tail (time constant ~ 60 ps). Therefore, this InGaAs/InP SPAD is among the best ones ever reported in the literature.
Dynamic Dielectric Metasurfaces Incorporating Phase-Change Material (2018)

We present a highly-reconfigurable metasurface with unprecedented efficiency for spatial and spectral manipulation of optical wavefronts, leveraging control over the overlapped Mie-dipolar-modes of dielectric nanorings and large refractive index tunability granted by GeSbTe phase-change material.
Intel Local Network Architecture (1981)

Networks using Intel's Local Network Architecture promise significant benefits in resource sharing, communications multiplexing, and distributed computing.
Effect of amines on O-benzyl group hydrogenolysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of amines on O-benzyl group hydrogenolysisBronislaw P. Czech and Richard A. BartschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 21, 4076–4078Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00195a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00195a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1599Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temporal and Spatial Current Stability of Smart Field Emission Arrays (2005)

Emission current stability and the spatial uniformity of field emission devices are improved when a lightly doped drain MOSFET (LD-MOSFET) is integrated with a field emission array (FEA). At comparable current levels, the emission noise (/spl Delta/I/I) decreased from 16.9% to 1.8%. Emission current fluctuation was reduced in the integrated device compared to the FEA device even in the presence of gases. Spatial current uniformity was achieved in the integrated MOSFET/FEA devices at different wafer positions and for different array sizes. The results are explained by a two-step field emission process, which consists of an electron supply step determined by the MOSFET inversion layer and an electron transmission step determined by the field emission barrier width. The device structure also results in low voltage control of emission current.
23.2: Optical Performance Analysis Method of Auto‐stereoscopic 3D Displays (2010)

Abstract In this paper, we investigated performance analysis methods of auto‐stereoscopic 3D displays in an optical point of view. This paper provides optical measurement and analysis methods for auto‐stereoscopic displays. Issues discussed include: (1) optimum viewing distance; (2) luminance & contrast ratio; (3) color performance; (4) 3D point crosstalk; (5) spatial crosstalk; (6) ortho‐stereoscopy angle/pseudo‐stereoscopy angle; (7) luminance difference ratio.
Enantioselective Activation of Stable Carboxylate Esters as Enolate Equivalents <i>via</i> N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts (2012)

The first N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) mediated activation of stable carboxylate esters to generate enolate intermediates is disclosed. The catalytically generated arylacetic ester enolates undergo enantioselective reactions with α,β-unsaturated imines.
Low Power Strategy Design for Battery Management System (2009)

Battery Management System (BMS) is widely used in vehicle battery pack to ensure high performance of battery. However, at present, general designs for BMS only focus on battery management in driving condition, which may cause electric energy waste when the vehicle stays long in standby condition. This article designs a low power strategy BMS for vehicle battery, which is able to switch from one mode to another according to vehicle's condition, in order to realize low power strategy without decreasing the managing effect of BMS. Experimental result shows that this design can effectively reduce power consumption of BMS.
Association Between Brain Temperature and Dentate Field Potentials in Exploring and Swimming Rats (1993)

Attempts to correlate behavioral learning with cellular changes, such as increased synaptic efficacy, have often relied on increased extracellular potentials as an index of enhanced synaptic strength. A recent example is the enlarged excitatory field potentials in the dentate gyrus of rats that are learning spatial relations by exploration. The altered hippocampal field potentials do not reflect learning-specific cellular changes but result from a concomitant rise in brain temperature that is caused by the associated muscular effort. Enhanced dentate field excitatory potentials followed both passive and active heating and were linearly related to the brain temperature. These temperature-related effects may mask any learning-induced changes in field potential.
Leukemia (1999)

Wayne State University School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Harper Hospital, 3990 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Managing High-Risk Outsourcing (2006)

Outsourcing is a strategy used by many municipalities in an effort to provide high quality public services at a low cost. Unfortunately, outsourcing has not always achieved these goals. In this paper, we describe a variety of techniques that a municipality can use to manage the vendor of a high-risk outsourced service.\n\nTo identify the nature of the risk, a municipality needs to assess a service that is a candidate for outsourcing from three perspectives: citizen sensitivity, supplier market, and switching costs. Although some outsourced activities are almost risk free, there are many others where a combination of high citizen sensitivity, low competition, and high switching costs make outsourcing more risky.\nA high-risk service may still have considerable potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of a municipality’s public services. To achieve this potential, however, a high-risk outsourcing contract requires strong performance measures, a high level of ongoing communication and cooperation to fill the gaps that are inevitable in any high-risk contract, and a full linkage with the municipality’s management control system. In particular, outsourcing a service does not mean excluding it from a municipality’s ongoing process of programming, budgeting, reporting, and evaluating. Indeed, the reporting phase of the management control process must focus on both the results being produced by the vendor, and the monitoring activities of the department within the municipality charged with managing the vendor. Otherwise, the municipality’s senior management may learn too late of emerging problems.\nFinally, periodic evaluation is essential. It is possible, for example, that another vendor, working in another municipality, has developed some considerable expertise in the outsourced activity, such that a change in vendors would improve the quality of the service, lower its cost, or both. This kind of information ordinarily will not emerge during the normal monitoring of the existing vendor.\n\nIn short, when a municipality engages in high-risk outsourcing and wishes to assure its citizens that the cost savings are not matched by a reduction in service quality and features, it must develop an appropriate set of outsourcing management activities. Given that many outsourcing arrangements are high-risk, a focus on these activities is essential.
Virtual vs. real: Trading off simulations and physical experiments in reinforcement learning with Bayesian optimization (2017)

In practice, the parameters of control policies are often tuned manually. This is time-consuming and frustrating. Reinforcement learning is a promising alternative that aims to automate this process, yet often requires too many experiments to be practical. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem by exploiting prior knowledge from simulations, which are readily available for most robotic platforms. Specifically, we extend Entropy Search, a Bayesian optimization algorithm that maximizes information gain from each experiment, to the case of multiple information sources. The result is a principled way to automatically combine cheap, but inaccurate information from simulations with expensive and accurate physical experiments in a cost-effective manner. We apply the resulting method to a cart-pole system, which confirms that the algorithm can find good control policies with fewer experiments than standard Bayesian optimization on the physical system only.
Chapter 2: An imperial education (2017)

This chapter considers metropolitan attitudes and ideas about Africa and empire to which officials were exposed, both via formal training, and British culture more broadly. Such training was marked by a lack of specificity and an unwillingness on the part of those being trained to engage with the material. Nevertheless, that officials were exposed to imprecise ideas does not mean that officials registered in such ideas an irreconcilable tension between universalistic reform and a relativistic conservation of an African status quo. Officials learnt to love the empire without learning how.