gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early distant relapse in ?node-negative? breast cancer patients is not predicted by occult axillary lymph node metastases, but by the features of the primary tumour (2001)

Early distant relapse occurs in a minority of node-negative breast cancer patients. Whether this poor prognosis can be predicted by the features of the primary tumour, or by the presence of occult metastases in the "negative" lymph nodes (LNs), remains a matter of debate. One hundred and four T(1-2)N(0)M(0) breast carcinoma patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (44%) showing early distant relapse with a median disease-free survival of 25 months, and group 2 (56%) showing no evidence of disease after a median follow-up of 91.5 months. All patients had received locoregional treatment only. All tumours were evaluated for medial/lateral location, histological type, size, grade, mitotic activity, fibrotic focus, necrosis, angiogenesis, growth pattern, and lymphatic vessel permeation. The haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of all axillary LNs were revised and two additional levels were cut from each paraffin block for cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. In 24 patients (23%), occult metastases were found. These consisted of single cells or small clusters (SCs) in the marginal sinus in 17 patients (16%) and of larger colonies of cells in seven patients (7%). All detected metastases were smaller than 2 mm in diameter (micrometastases). There was no significant correlation between the presence of occult LN metastases (SCs or colonies) and the prognostically important features of the primary tumour. Early metastatic disease was significantly correlated with larger tumour size (p=0.02), higher histological grade (p=0.0008), mitotic activity (p<0.0001), presence of necrosis (p=0.0004), presence of fibrotic foci (p=0.0005), angiogenesis (p=0.0009), and lymphatic vessel permeation (p=0.018). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that histological grade and the presence of a fibrotic focus were the only independent prognostic factors and that the presence of occult LN metastases was inversely correlated with early distant relapse. Prospective prognostic studies of occult LN metastases should consider the features of the primary tumour in a multivariate analysis.
Conceptual and Database Modelling of Graph Databases (2016)

Comparing graph databases with traditional, e.g., relational databases, some important database features are often missing there. Particularly, a graph database schema including integrity constraints is not explicitly defined, also a conceptual modelling is not used at all. It is hard to check a consistency of the graph database, because almost no integrity constraints are defined. In the paper, we discuss these issues and present current possibilities and challenges in graph database modelling. Also a conceptual level of a graph database design is considered. We propose a sufficient conceptual model and show its relationship to a graph database model. We focus also on integrity constraints modelling functional dependencies between entity types, which reminds modelling functional dependencies known from relational databases and extend them to conditional functional dependencies.
Photoacoustic Imaging: An Emerging Optical Modality in Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine (2011)

Photoacoustic imaging, also referred to optoacoustic imaging, is an emerging optical imaging technique that is capable of providing both structural and functional optical information of tissues up to several centimeters deep with scalable ultrasound resolution. The combination of ultrasound spatial resolution and intrinsic rich optical contrast in cancer / inflammatory tissues allow photoacoustic imaging a promising early detection tool in diagnostic medicine. At the same time, the availability of various optical absorbing nanostructures extensively studied in targeted drug delivery extends the capability of photoacoustic imaging to theranostic medicine, where functionalized nanostructures provide photoacoustic imaging contrast and targeting moieties / drug carrier for targeted drug delivery. In this paper, we provide a review of the photoacoustic imaging technique for studies in diagnostic and theranostic medicine. The technical consideration for photoacoustic imaging systems and reconstruction algorithms of structural / quantitative photoacoustic imaging have been introduced. A review of the photoacoustic imaging in breast cancer detection and osteoarthritis evaluation is included in the section of photoacoustic applications in diagnostic medicine, where patient subjects have been already recruited and photoacoustically evaluated. At the end of this paper, a brief review of optical controlled drug release and photoacoustic evaluation is presented as a view to the effort of combining laser induced photoacoustic imaging with laser controlled drug delivery / release in theranostic medicine.
A Simple and Scalable Force Actuator (2005)

Abstract : One problem posed by robots that must perform in unstructured environments and interact with humans is that of achieving high fidelity force control as well as compliance in a compact form factor. Force control, as opposed to only position control, allows for safe, graceful contact behavior. Having spring elements placed in series between an actuator and its output provides this desired compliance. It also provides low mechanical impedance, precise force sensing capability, and good control bandwidth, as demonstrated by Series Elastic Actuators (SEA). There have been both linear and rotary versions of SEAs, each with their own advantages and shortcomings. However, neither type of these actuators is easily miniaturized for joint mounting; linear SEAs require ball screws while conventional rotary ones require custom-made torsional springs. The aim of this work was to integrate the positive features of an SEA into a compact, easy-to-build rotary actuator. This new actuator design involves two opposing linear springs coupled to a rotary shaft. A modified potentiometer relays position information linearly proportional to spring deflection and thus applied force. The mechanism is intentionally fabricated in layers to achieve precompression/extension of the springs while maintaining construction simplicity. The result is a completely encased and scalable module made of inexpensive off-the-shelf components.
Dual Lithium Insertion and Conversion Mechanisms in a Titanium-Based Mixed-Anion Nanocomposite (2011)

The electrochemical reaction of lithium with a vacancy-containing titanium hydroxyfluoride was studied. On the basis of pair distribution function analysis, NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we propose that the material undergoes partitioning upon initial discharge to form a nanostructured composite containing crystalline Li(x)TiO(2), surrounded by a Ti(0) and LiF layer. The Ti(0) is reoxidized upon reversible charging to an amorphous TiF(3) phase via a conversion reaction. The crystalline Li(x)TiO(2) is involved in an insertion reaction. The resulting composite electrode, Ti(0)-LiF/Li(x)TiO(2) ⇔ TiF(3)/ Li(y)TiO(2), allows reaction of more than one Li per Ti, providing a route to higher capacities while improving the energy efficiency compared to pure conversion chemistries.
Silicon detectors for charged particles manufactured by conventional planar technology (1993)

Two types of detectors were developed by conventional planar technology: a p/sup +/-n-n/sup +/ ion-implanted detector and a n/sup +/p-p/sup +/ diffused detector. There was no observable difference in the quality of the detectors manufactured in this way. Both detectors were investigated for alpha and beta spectroscopy and exhibited good energy resolution. With an additional deposition of a /sup 6/LiF converter layer the detectors can be used for detection of neutrons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WISARD·a radical step forward in image recognition (1984)

The WISARD recognition system invented at Brunei University has been developed into an industrialised product by Computer Recognition Systems under licence from the British Technology Group. Using statistical pattern classification it already shows great potential in rapid sorting, and research indicates that it will track objects with positional feedback, rather like the human eye.
High-flow femoro-femoral bypass utilizing small cannulae and a centrifugal pump on the venous side (1992)

Femoro-femoral bypass is an established technique in the armamentarium of cardiac surgeons, but poor venous drainage usually restricts the flow rate that can be achieved. We describe a technique whereby full flow ( greater than 2.41 l/min/m 2 femoro-femoral bypass) can be achieved with a 17 F arterial and a single 21 F venous cannula placed percutaneously or via a cut-down. Transoesophageal echo is used to position the tip of the venous cannula accurately in the right atrium. The circuit includes a centrifugal pump on the venous side, pumping into a reservoir; a conventional roller pump delivers blood through the arterial cannula. A parallel arrangement allows the centrifugal pump to be excluded from the circuit at any stage. The system allows flow rates over 2.4 l/min/m 2 despite the size of the venous cannula; without the centrifugal pump working maximal flow rates are under 1.5 l/min/m 2. The right side of the heart is totally decompressed and there is no need to add volume or vasopressors to maintain the desired full flow rate. Once the chest is open, perfusion may continue as before or gravity drainage can be utilized after stopping the centrifugal pump; venous return may be augmented by placing additional cannulae. If desired, slowing drainage by the centrifugal pump temporarily permits the blind placement of a coronary sinus cannula without entraining air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
First Demonstration of Ge Ferroelectric Nanowire FET as Synaptic Device for Online Learning in Neural Network with High Number of Conductance State and G<inf>max</inf>/G<inf>min</inf> (2018)

In this paper, optimum weight update scheme for improved linearity and asymmetry of channel conductance potentiation and depression in a Germanium ferroelectric (FE) nanowire FET (NWFET) was experimentally demonstrated and simulated for the first time. It was found that -5 V, 320 pulses and +5V, 256 pulses both with 50 ns pulse width were the optimum pulsing conditions for potentiation and depression process, respectively. With the optimized scheme, non-linearity for potentiation and depression were extracted to be αp=1.22 and αd=-1.75, respectively resulting in asymmetry (|αp-αd|) of 2.97 based on models embedded in MLP simulator and NeuroSim [1]. Gmax/Gmin ratio (few hundreds) and number of conductance states (>256) are both very large. 9 alternating consecutive conductance updates (potentiation followed by depression) were executed to observe variability in conductance profiles. Multilayer perceptron neural network was simulated over 1 million MNIST images with extracted experimental parameters which yielded in online learning accuracy of ~ 88%.
Security analysis of Internet-of-Things: A case study of august smart lock (2017)

To realize the vision of Internet-of-Things (IoT), numerous IoT devices have been developed for improving daily lives, in which smart home devices are among the most popular ones. Smart locks rely on smartphones to ease the burden of physical key management and keep tracking the door opening/close status, the security of which have aroused great interests from the security community. As security is of utmost importance for the IoT environment, we try to investigate the security of IoT by examining smart lock security. Specifically, we focus on analyzing the security of August smart lock. The threat models are illustrated for attacking August smart lock. We then demonstrate several practical attacks based on the threat models toward August smart lock including handshake key leakage, owner account leakage, personal information leakage, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. We also propose the corresponding defense methods to counteract these attacks.
Determination of Fluid Shifts During Chronic Hemodialysis Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy and an In-Line Hematocrit Monitor (1995)

Effective ultrafiltration in hemodialysis requires a plasma refilling rate (PRR) sufficient to support blood volume. Knowledge of PRR and compartment shifts helps in understanding intradialytic events and may improve fluid removal. Simultaneous measurements with in-line hematocrit and bioimpedance spectroscopy were done in eight patients (17 runs) and extended for 15-60 min beyond the end of hemodialysis to determine fluid shifts and evaluate the relationship between changes in blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, and PRR. Absolute blood volumes, plasma refilling rates, and interstitial fluid volumes were calculated. Significant correlations were noted between different compartment volumes and the change in weight and estimates of plasma refilling. Pooling all runs, the change in interstitial fluid volume from beginning to end of hemodialysis correlated with the change in weight (r = 0.63, p = 0.01). Changes in PRR tracked changes in interstitial fluid volume for patients with two or more runs. In conclusion, the combination of in-line hematocrit and bioimpedance spectroscopy allows the quantification of different compartment volumes and PRR. Interstitial fluid volume may be a major determinant of PRR. This information would permit the development of strategies to reduce intradialytic morbidity.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers come of age (1996)

This manuscript reviews our efforts in demonstrating state-of-the-art planar, batch-fabricable, high-performance vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). All performance requirements for short-haul data communication applications are clearly established. We concentrate on the flexibility of the established proton-implanted AlGaAs-based (emitting near 850 nm) technology platform, focusing on a standard device design. This structure is shown to meet or exceed performance and producibility requirements. These include > 99% device yield across 3-in-dia. metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)-grown wafers and wavelength operation across a > 100-nm range. Recent progress in device performance [low threshold voltage (V<SUB>th</SUB> equals 1.53 V); threshold current (I<SUB>th</SUB> equals 0.68 mA); continuous wave (CW) power (P<SUB>cw</SUB> equals 59 mW); maximum and minimum CW lasing temperature (T equals 200 degree(s)C, 10 K); and wall-plug efficiencies ((eta) <SUB>wp</SUB> equals 28%)] should enable great advances in VCSEL-based technologies. We also discuss the viability of VCSELs in cryogenic and avionic/military environments. Also reviewed is a novel technique, modifying this established platform, to engineer low-threshold, high-speed, single- mode VCSELs.
Bioavailability of IgG Administered by the Subcutaneous Route (2013)

Decreased bioavailability appears to be a basic property of SCIG and not a result of any manufacturing process or concentration. Because serum IgG levels do not vary with different SCIG products at the same dose, adjustments are not necessary when switching products.
Facile Probe Design: Fluorescent Amphiphilic Nucleic Acid Probes without Quencher Providing Telomerase Activity Imaging Inside Living Cells (2016)

Nowadays, the probe with fluorophore but no quencher is promising for its simple preparation, environmental friendliness, and wide application scope. This study designs a new amphiphilic nucleic acid probe (ANAP) based on aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect without any quencher. Upon binding with targets, the dispersion of hydrophobic part (conjugated fluorene, CF) in ANAP is enhanced as a signal-on model for proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules detection or the aggregation of CF is enhanced as a signal-off model for ion detection. Meanwhile, because of the high specificity of ANAP, a one-step method is developed powerfully for monitoring the telomerase activity not only from the cell extracts but also from 50 clinic urine samples (positive results from 45 patients with bladder cancer and negative results from 5 healthy people). ANAPs can also readily enter into cells and exhibit a good performance for distinguishing natural tumor cells from the tumor cells pretreated by telomerase-related drugs or normal cells. In contrast to our previous results ( Anal. Chem. 2015 , 87 , 3890 - 3894 ), the present CF is a monomer which is just the structure unit of the previous fluorescent polymer. Since the accurate molecular structure and high DNA/CF ratio of the present CF, these advanced experiments obtain an easier preparation of probes, an improved sensitivity and specificity, and broader detectable targets.
Performance evaluation of rate control and QoS capabilities of BRAS (2005)

This paper reports the initial results of OPNET simulation modeling of DSL Forum TR.59 and WT92 traffic management capabilities required in BRAS to deliver end-to-end IP QoS over an existing DSL access network and emerging architectures. TR.59 extends the role of the BRAS to include congestion management of the access network, provide IP QoS per user downstream and rate limiting upstream. The objective of the simulations and the results reported here is to demonstrate the feasibility of such an extension and to evaluate the efficiency of traffic management mechanisms in enabling the new required capabilities in BRAS.
Dendrimer and polystyrene surfactant structure at the air-water interface (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDendrimer and polystyrene surfactant structure at the air-water interfaceP. M. Saville, J. W. White, C. J. Hawker, K. L. Wooley, and J. M. J. FrechetCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2, 293–294Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100104a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100104a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PRECISION HIGH-BANDWIDTH OUT-OF-PLANE ACCELEROMETER AS CONTACT MICROPHONE FOR BODY-WORN AUSCULTATION DEVICES (2018)

This paper reports on the implementation and characterization of wafer-level-packaged accelerometer contact microphones having wide bandwidth (fres >10 kHz) and low-noise (<100 gHz) for use as auscultation devices in body-worn sensor arrays. By using wide bandwidth capacitive accelerometers as contact microphones, the encapsulated sensor can detect not only internal sounds from organs but also body motions down to DC frequency levels, significantly reducing sensor size and fabrication cost of wearable technology for health monitoring. The out-of-plane micro-g accelerometers use nano-gap transducers (270 nm) for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in a high resonant frequency microstructure with small form-factor. Fabricated devices were interfaced with off-the-shelf readout circuits and their performance was compared to commercially available piezoelectric contact microphones. Normal breath sounds in the range of 600-1000Hz along with phonocardiogram (PCG) and ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals are extracted by mounting the device on the chest.
Synthesis of fluorine‐18‐labelled 5‐ and 6‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine (2006)

Abstract A one‐pot radiosynthesis method to prepare the new fluorine‐18‐labelled fluoropyridine derivatives 5‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine and 6‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine in two to three reaction steps was developed. The first step consisted of no‐carrier‐added nucleophilic aromatic substitution of commercially available halogen‐substituted 2‐pyridinecarboxamide or 2‐pyridinecarbonitrile derivatives with K[ 18 F]F‐K 222 in DMSO at 150–180°C. The [ 18 F]fluoride incorporation yields ranged from 67 to 98% for all studied precursor molecules. It is remarkable that 5‐bromo‐2‐pyridinecarbonitrile gave almost quantitative [ 18 F]fluoride incorporation at the meta ‐position (5‐position) of the pyridine ring after only 5 min of heating at 150°C. After base‐catalysed hydrolysis of the [ 18 F]fluorinated pyridinecarbonitriles into their corresponding carboxamides, the latter were transformed in a Hofmann‐type rearrangement reaction into the respective amines by treatment of crude reaction mixtures with bromine and aqueous base (20–30% conversion yield). Reaction mixtures were purified by reversed‐phase semipreparative HPLC followed by strong cation exchange solid‐phase extraction to afford 5‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine and 6‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine in non‐decay‐corrected radiochemical yields of 6–10% in a total synthesis time of 83–112 min. The preparation of 5‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine is one of very few examples demonstrating the feasibility of nucleophilic meta ‐[ 18 F]fluorination of a pyridine derivative. Both 5‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine and 6‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐2‐pyridinamine are new potentially useful radiolabelled synthons for radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis‐dihydropyrimidines: Catalyst‐free, Microwave‐assisted Organic Synthesis, Characterization and <i>In Vitro</i> Biological Screenings (2018)

In present research, we aim to afford the catalyst‐free, greener synthesis of diethyl 2,2′‐(1,2‐phenylenebis(methylene))bis(sulfanediyl)bis(6‐methyl‐4‐substitutedphenyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate)derivatives via microwave irradiations. The reactions were also performed under conventional heating. The reaction times and yields thus obtained of the isolated desired products were compared too, and hence explaining the significance of using microwave irradiations. The structural elucidation of the synthesized moieties was carried out by modern sophisticated spectral techniques. The prepared bis‐heterocycles were screened for their in vitro anti‐microbial activities. Samples that possessed electron‐releasing group on the phenyl ring showed anti‐bacterial activities while those that carry electron‐withdrawing group exhibited anti‐fungal activities.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Suppress Choroidal Neovascularization in a Laser-Treated Rat Model (2010)

The systemic administration of UDCA and TUDCA suppressed laser-induced CNV formation in rats, which might be associated with anti-inflammatory action. The result indicates that UDCA and TUDCA are potential candidate drugs for the treatment of many CNV-related retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.