gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clock Gate Test Points (2010)

Clock gating is widely used in modern integrated circuits as a means of reducing dynamic power consumption. In this paper we present a comprehensive analysis of the impact of clock gating during test. We then propose a new type of test point called Clock Gate Test Points. Similar to classic test point techniques, clock gate test points help in increasing the test coverage as well as reducing the number of test patterns and thus test time. We also outline techniques for applying the proposed test points in a design. We present the results of coverage improvement and test pattern reduction with the proposed method for several large industrial circuits. Our results show that with the proposed method, in many cases, more than 2.0% improvement in transition delay fault coverage can be achieved and the number of test patterns can be reduced by more than 50% for the same fault coverage. Furthermore, the proposed test points add very little area overhead and do not impact the circuit performance.
Exploration and Comparison of Approaches for Integrating Heterogeneous Information Sources to Support Performance Analysis of HVAC Systems (2012)

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for about 40% of energy used in buildings in the United States in 2008. Analysis of the energy efficiency of HVAC systems requires building-related information, such as building design, HVAC configurations, indoor environment measurements and load requirements. However, since building projects involve multiple disciplines, the needed information is stored in heterogeneous sources, such as design drawings, equipment manuals and sensor networks. It is hence difficult for system operators to collect and integrate the information required for analyzing the performance of HVAC systems. This paper explores the approaches to overcome this challenge of integrating heterogeneous information sources to support the information required for analyzing the performance of HVAC systems. The discussions include a synthesis of the characteristics of integration approaches from various domains, and an analysis of the relationships between the characteristics and the information sources required for analyzing performance of HVAC systems.
Superconducting properties of Nb3Al MF wire made by Nb/Al-Mg composite process. (1988)

An MF superconductor with ultra-fine continuous Nb3Al filaments has been fabricated successfully by the newly developed composite process, in which a composite consisting of a niobium matrix and a large number of Al-Mg alloy cores is cold-drawn into a wire with very fine Al-Mg filaments (about 0.1μm), and then heat treated at 650-1, 000°C to form Nb3Al continuous filaments by the diffusion reaction. The wire shows Tc of 15-16K, μ0Hc2 (4.2K) of 21-23T and Jc (4.2K, 10T) of 1-1.5×105A/cm2, which are as high as those of the practical Nb3Sn multilamentary wires.
<i>LEU3</i> of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Encodes a Factor for Control of RNA Levels of a Group of Leucine-Specific Genes (1987)

Although the majority of genes for amino acid biosynthesis which have been examined are under general amino acid control, LEU1 and LEU2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae respond specifically to leucine. We report here an analysis of LEU3, a putative leucine-specific regulatory locus. We show that LEU3 is necessary for expression of wild-type levels of LEU1- and LEU2-specific RNAs and, further, that the levels of LEU4-specific transcripts are also affected by LEU3. We cloned LEU3 and showed by DNA sequence analysis that it contained an open reading frame of 886 amino acids. A striking feature of the predicted LEU3 protein was a cluster of acidic amino acids (19 of 20) located in the C-terminal half of the coding region. The protein also had a repeated cysteine motif which was conserved in a number of other yeast proteins implicated in gene regulation. We show that whole-cell extracts contained a LEU3-dependent DNA-binding activity that interacted with the 5' region of LEU2. Subdivision of the LEU2 5' region established that the LEU3-dependent DNA-binding activity interacted with the segment which had the previously reported homology with LEU1.
Immunopathologic Analysis of a Panel of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies Reacting with Human Ovarian Carcinomas and Other Human Tumors (1985)

The reactivity of a panel of five mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) produced to human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines was analyzed on frozen sections of normal adult and fetal tissues and on tumor sections using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase procedures. mAb MH99 was reactive with almost all types of epithelial cells and stained all epithelial tumors examined. mAb MH94 reacted mainly with secretory epithelia and was unreactive with the epithelial cell layer of normal ovaries. In contrast, approximately 50% of epithelial ovarian tumors and the lining cells of inclusion cysts were positive. mAb MF61 was positive only on the endometrium and noncellular follicular secretions or colloid of the thyroid among normal tissues examined. A subset of ovarian tumors was positive with this antibody. mAb MF116 gave no reactivity with normal tissues within the sensitivity of the assay. MF116 was expressed on a proportion (44%) of ovarian carcinomas of various histological types. These antibodies provide an initial panel for the immunohistological analysis of ovarian cancer.
Microporous glassy fillers for dental composites (1978)

Abstract A microporous filler giving greatly improved finishability, systemic nontoxic X‐ray opacification, low thermal expansion (27.2 × 10 −6 /°C), and satisfactory translucencies has been developed for dental composite resin restorations. These fillers are prepared from frits obtained by the low‐temperature calcination of gelled inorganic sols followed by a pulsed high‐temperature treatment. Composites prepared from these fillers are within the range of commercial products with regard to strength and setting contraction.
Preparation of 4-Retinamidophenyl- and 4-Retinamidobenzyl-<i>C</i>-glycosyl and <i>C</i>-Glucuronosyl Analogues of the Glucuronide of 4-Hydroxyphenyl-Retinamide as Potential Stable Cancer Chemopreventive Agents (1994)

Abstract Glucuronide metabolites of retinoic acid and its analogues have been suggested to be active cancer chemopreventive analogues of the parent molecules. However, these metabolites are susceptible to β-glucuronidase and acid-catalyzed cleavage and it is not clear whether these carbohydrate conjugates must be hydrolyzed back to the parent molecule to show activity. Thus, the multistep syntheses of stable C-glycosyl and C-glucuronosyl analogues of the known glucuronide metabolite of the breast cancer chemopreventive agent 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR) are outlined. The chemical and enzymatic stability of these compounds has been evaluated relative to the glucuronide of 4-HPR.
A fast, energy efficient, field programmable threshold-logic array (2014)

Threshold-logic gates have long been known to result in more compact and faster circuits when compared to conventional AND/OR logic equivalents [1], However, threshold logic based design has not entered the mainstream design technology (neither custom ASIC nor FPGA) due to the lack of efficient and reliable gate implementations and the necessary infrastructure for automated synthesis and physical design. This paper is a step toward addressing this gap. We present the architecture of a novel programmable logic array, referred to as Field Programmable Threshold-Logic Array (FPTLA), in which the basic cells are differential mode threshold-logic gates (DTGs). Each individual DTG cell is a clock edge-triggered circuit that computes a threshold-logic function. A DTG can be programmed to implement different threshold logic functions by routing appropriate signals to their inputs. This reduces the number of SRAMs inside the logic blocks by about 60% compared to conventional CLBs, without adding any significant overhead in the routing infrastructure. Since a DTG is essentially a multi-input, edge-triggered flipflop that computes a threshold function, a network of DTGs forms a nano-pipelined circuit. The advantages of such a network are demonstrated on a set of deeply pipelined datapath circuits implemented on FPTLAs and conventional FPGAs using the well established FPGA design framework VTR (Verilog To Routing) and VPR (Versatile Place and Route) [2]. The results indicate that an FPTLA can achieve up to 2X improvement in delay for nearly the same energy and logic area compared to the conventional LUT based FPGA. Although differential mode circuits can potentially be more sensitive to process variations, FPTLAs can be made robust to such variations without sacrificing their improved energy efficiency and performance over FPGAs.
Reset noise suppression in two-dimensional CMOS photodiode pixels through column-based feedback-reset (2003)

We present a new CMOS photodiode imager pixel with ultralow read noise through on-chip suppression of reset noise via column-based feedback circuitry. In a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process, the pixel occupies only 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ area. Data from a 256/sup 2/ CMOS imager indicates imager operation with read noise as low as 6 electrons without employing on- or off-chip correlated double sampling. The noise reduction is achieved without introducing any image lag, and with insignificant reduction in quantum efficiency and full-well.
Fast packet classification using field-level trie (2004)

Packet classification plays an important role in next-generation Internet routers in providing various services such as packet filtering, policy routing, traffic policing, and load balancing. In this paper, we propose an original field-level trie classification (FLTC) scheme that accommodates classifier (rule database) with multiple fields specified in different forms (prefix and range). The FLTC achieves a high classification speed with reasonable storage. It is also highly scalable regarding the size and the number of fields of classifiers.
Weather Radar Polarimetry–Trends Toward Operational Applications (1996)

This is a version of a speech presented at the 27th Conference on Radar Meteorology. Relative advantages of polarimetry are contrasted with the advantages accrued by the introduction of radar into meteorology and by the addition of Doppler measurements. A description of present interests as perceived by the author follows, and possible future trends are suggested.
Evaluation of Taylor dispersion injections: Determining kinetic/affinity interaction constants and diffusion coefficients in label-free biosensing (2011)

In label-free biomolecular interaction analysis, a standard injection provides an injection of uniform analyte concentration. An alternative approach exploiting Taylor dispersion produces a continuous analyte titration allowing a full analyte dose response to be recorded in a single injection. The enhanced biophysical characterization that is possible with this new technique is demonstrated using a commercially available surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor. A kinetic interaction model was fitted locally to Taylor dispersion curves for estimation of the analyte diffusion coefficient in addition to affinity/kinetic constants. Statistical confidence in the measured parameters from a single Taylor dispersion injection was comparable to that obtained for global analysis of multiple standard injections. The affinity constants for multisite interactions were resolved with acceptable confidence limits. Importantly, a single analyte injection could be treated as a high-resolution real-time affinity isotherm and was demonstrated using the complex two-site interaction of warfarin with human serum albumin. In all three model interactions tested, the kinetic/affinity constants compared favorably with those obtained from standard kinetic analysis and the estimates of analyte diffusion coefficients were in good agreement with the expected values.
User Pairing, Link Selection, and Power Allocation for Cooperative NOMA Hybrid VLC/RF Systems (2020)

Despite the promising high-data rate features of visible light communications (VLC), they still suffer from unbalanced services due to blockages and channel fluctuation among users. This paper introduces and evaluates a new transmission scheme which adopts cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (Co-NOMA) in hybrid VLC/radio-frequency (RF) systems, so as to improve both system sum-rate and fairness. Consider a network consisting of one VLC access point (AP) and multiple strong and weak users, where each weak user is paired with a strong user. Each weak user can be served either directly by the VLC AP, or via the strong user which converts light information received through the VLC link, and forwards the information to the weak user via the RF link. The paper then maximizes a network-wide weighted sum-rate, so as to jointly determine the strong-weak user-pairs, the serving link of each weak user (i.e., either direct VLC or hybrid VLC/RF), and the power of each user message, subject to user connectivity and transmit power constraints. The paper tackles such a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem using an iterative approach. Simulations show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the VLC network performance (i.e., sum-rate and fairness) as compared to the conventional NOMA scheme.
Accurate estimation of forward path geometry using two-clothoid road model (2003)

This paper describes a new model and method for accurate estimation of forward path geometry of an automobile. In this work the forward geometry is modelled by two contiguous clothoid segments with different geometries, but continuous curvature across the transition between them. This results in a closed-form parametric expression of the same polynomial order as previous models. A recursive estimation method based on the new road model is also described Performance evaluation of the proposed method on various simulated road geometries and comparing with previous approaches demonstrate the feasibility and higher accuracy of the proposed method This higher accuracy comes without a concomitant increase in computational cost or/and sensitivity to noise. The high accuracy estimation of forward path or road geometry is directly useful in applications that rely on detecting targets in the forward path of the host vehicle, e.g., adaptive cruise control and automotive collision warning.
The Visual Localization Based On The Semantic Error Image (2020)

The Outdoor visual localization can get the position (the spatial location and direction) of the query target through semantic information, three-dimensional point cloud, images, geometric information, and other data [1]. It has been widely used in robot Localization and navigation, autonomous vehicle navigation, augmented reality, 3D reconstruction, SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), etc. At present, the most advanced visual localization method is still the traditional localization based on three-dimensional, which has the best localization accuracy. However, due to the 2D-3D matching mechanism, the accuracy of it is seriously reduced in challenging scenes with great scene changes like viewpoint variation, illumination variation. For the problem, in this article, we come up with a model based on the semantic error image which is based on the semantic information of 2D images and 3D point clouds. Based on the original structure-based localization method, we introduce the semantic error image, we use the semantic data of the image sequence to construct the semantic error image based on the semantic information of 2D and 3D points, and utilize these information as a correction signal to eliminate the wrong match and improve the accuracy of localization. We test and compare these methods on two challenging datasets with large scene changes, the experimental results showed that our well method based on semantic error image was significantly better than the method based on 3D structure on the challenging datasets, and the localization accuracy was significantly improved.
Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of 18 potent O-alkyltyrosine-substituted antagonists of the vasopressor responses to arginine-vasopressin (1985)

Using the Merrifield solid-phase method, we have synthesized 18 new 2-O-alkyltyrosine-substituted analogues (where alkyl = methyl and ethyl) of the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) vasopressor antagonists [1-deaminopenicillamine]-arginine-vasopressin (dPAVP), [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-diethylpropionic acid)]arginine-vasopressin (dEt2AVP), and [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)]arginine-vasopressin (d(CH2)5AVP) and of their 8-D-arginine (d(R2)DAVP) analogues, their 4-valine (dR2VAVP) analogues, and their 4-valine,8-D-arginine (d(R2)VDAVP) analogues [where R = CH3 or C2H5 and 2R = (CH2)5]. These analogues were tested for agonistic and antagonistic activities in in vivo rat vasopressor and rat antidiuretic and in vitro rat uterus assay systems. Although many exhibit very low antidiuretic activities, none of the new analogues antagonize antidiuretic responses to AVP. They exhibit no evident pressor activities and are in fact all highly effective antagonists of the vasopressor responses to AVP. They are also potent antagonists of the in vitro oxytocic responses to oxytocin, both in the absence and in the presence of Mg2+. These analogues together with their corresponding antivasopressor pA2 values are as follows: 1. dPTyr(Et)AVP, 8.40 +/- 0.08; 2. dEt2Tyr(Me)AVP, 8.53 +/- 0.06; 3. dEt2Tyr(Et)AVP, 8.46 +/- 0.08; 4. d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)AVP, 8.47 +/- 0.04; 5. dPTyr(Me)DAVP, 8.31 +/- 0.08; 6. dPTyr(Et)DAVP, 8.27 +/- 0.06; 7. dEt2Tyr(Me)DAVP, 8.57 +/- 0.03; 8. dEt2Tyr(Et)DAVP, 8.33 +/- 0.06; 9. d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)DAVP, 8.41 +/- 0.05; 10. d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)DAVP, 8.45 +/- 0.05; 11. dPTyr(Me)VAVP, 8.36 +/- 0.07; 12. dPTyr(Et)VAVP, 8.07 +/- 0.13; 13. dEt2Tyr(Me)VAVP, 8.29 +/- 0.08; 14. dEt2Tyr(Et)VAVP, 8.42 +/- 0.06; 15. dPTyr(Me)VDAVP, 7.84 +/- 0.06; 16. dPTyr(Et)VDAVP, 8.46 +/- 0.03; 17. dET2Tyr(Me)VDAVP, 8.35 +/- 0.10; 18. dEt2Tyr (Et)VDAVP, 8.19 +/- 0.07. Seven of these analogues are clearly more potent vasopressor antagonists than their respective unalkylated tyrosine-containing parents. In the remaining 11, antagonistic potency was not changed significantly. In no instance did 2-O-alkyltyrosine substitution decrease antagonistic potency. With pA2 values equal to or greater than 8.40, nine of these antagonists (numbers 1-4, 7, 9, 10, 14, and 16) are among the most potent vasopressor antagonists reported to date. They could thus serve as additional valuable pharmacological tools in studies on the roles of AVP in the control of blood pressure in normal and in pathophysiological conditions. These findings may also provide useful clues to the design of more potent and selective antagonists of AVP.
Anaerobic Xylose Fermentation by Recombinant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Carrying <i>XYL1</i> , <i>XYL2</i> , and <i>XKS1</i> in Mineral Medium Chemostat Cultures (2000)

For ethanol production from lignocellulose, the fermentation of xylose is an economic necessity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been metabolically engineered with a xylose-utilizing pathway. However, the high ethanol yield and productivity seen with glucose have not yet been achieved. To quantitatively analyze metabolic fluxes in recombinant S. cerevisiae during metabolism of xylose-glucose mixtures, we constructed a stable xylose-utilizing recombinant strain, TMB 3001. The XYL1 and XYL2 genes from Pichia stipitis, encoding xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively, and the endogenous XKS1 gene, encoding xylulokinase (XK), under control of the PGK1 promoter were integrated into the chromosomal HIS3 locus of S. cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7A. The strain expressed XR, XDH, and XK activities of 0.4 to 0.5, 2.7 to 3.4, and 1.5 to 1.7 U/mg, respectively, and was stable for more than 40 generations in continuous fermentations. Anaerobic ethanol formation from xylose by recombinant S. cerevisiae was demonstrated for the first time. However, the strain grew on xylose only in the presence of oxygen. Ethanol yields of 0.45 to 0.50 mmol of C/mmol of C (0.35 to 0.38 g/g) and productivities of 9.7 to 13.2 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) (0.24 to 0.30 g h(-1) g [dry weight] of cells(-1)) were obtained from xylose-glucose mixtures in anaerobic chemostat cultures, with a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1). The anaerobic ethanol yield on xylose was estimated at 0.27 mol of C/(mol of C of xylose) (0.21 g/g), assuming a constant ethanol yield on glucose. The xylose uptake rate increased with increasing xylose concentration in the feed, from 3.3 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) when the xylose-to-glucose ratio in the feed was 1:3 to 6.8 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) when the feed ratio was 3:1. With a feed content of 15 g of xylose/liter and 5 g of glucose/liter, the xylose flux was 2.2 times lower than the glucose flux, indicating that transport limits the xylose flux.
A Max Margin Framework on Image Annotation and Multimodal Image Retrieval (2007)

This paper presents a max margin framework on image annotation and multimodal image retrieval as a structured prediction model. Following the max margin approach the image retrieval problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem. By properly selecting joint feature representation between different modalities, our framework captures the dependency information between different modalities and avoids retraining the model from scratch when database undergoes dynamic updates. While this framework is a general approach which can be applied to multimodal information retrieval in any domains, we apply this approach to the Berkeley Drosophila embryo image database for the evaluation purpose. Experimental results show significant performance improvements over a state-of-the-art method.
Estimating network proximity and latency (2006)

Network proximity and latency estimation is an important component in discovering and locating services and applications. With the growing number of services and service providers in the large-scale Internet, accurately estimating network proximity/latency with minimal probing overhead becomes essential for scalable deployment. Although there exist a number of network distance estimation schemes, they either rely on extensive infrastructure support, require the IP address of the potential targets, falsely cluster distant nodes, or perform poorly with even few measurement errors. We propose Netvigator , a scalable network proximity and latency estimation tool that uses information obtained from probing a small number of landmark nodes and intermediate routers (termed milestones) that are discovered en route to the landmarks, to identify the closest nodes. With very little additional probing overhead, Netvigator uses distance information to the milestones to accurately locate the closest nodes. We developed a Netvigator prototype and report our performance evaluation on PlanetLab and in the intranet of a large enterprise. Netvigator is a running service on PlanetLab as a part of HP Labs' S 3 (Scalable Sensing Service).
Method for uranium determination. [as uranyl ions] (1980)

This invention is a method that uses the previously undiscovered fact that the phosphorescent lifetime of the uranyl ion at very dilute concentrations in an aqueous solution is anomalously long in comparison to that of other commonly-occurring phosphorescent species, wherein the uranyl ions in the low concentration sample are excited by projecting electromagnetic energy into the sample, terminating the projection of electromagnetic energy into the sample and measuring the characteristics of the decaying uranium phosphorescence after termination of the incident electromagnetic radiation.