gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structuring of an Adaptive Multi-channel Audio-Play System Based on the TMO Scheme (2010)

This paper presents a modular and easily analyzable design of a flexible sound rendering system called the Adaptive Multi-channel Audio-play System (AMAS). This case-study is a follow-on of the earlier study on the effectiveness of the TMO scheme as an approach for easily analyzable efficient design of a major class of real-time distributed multimedia computing applications. AMAS is an extension of the earlier developed distributed sound system. In AMAS a set of player nodes which are single-board computers equipped with speakers and micro-phones are connected via Ethernet to a controller node equipped with audio file storage and user interfaces. Multi-channel music is played in manners adaptive to the locations of the speakers and the listener. In addition, AMAS possesses the mechanisms for creating the effects of specified sound-generator objects (SGOs), e.g., musical instruments, positioned differently from the positioning that existed at the time of original recording. The TMO-based design and implementation approaches effective for realization of high-quality AMAS are presented. Some experimental evaluation results are also presented.
Functional Characterization of Heptad Repeat 1 and 2 Mutants of the Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2006)

To understand the roles of heptad repeat 1(HR1) and HR2 of the spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in virus-cell interactions, the conserved Leu or Ile residues located at positions 913, 927, 941, and 955 in HR1 and 1151, 1165, and 1179 in HR2 were individually replaced with an alpha-helix-breaker Pro residue. The 913P mutant was expressed mainly as a faster-migrating, lower-molecular-weight S(L) form, while the wild type and all other mutants produced similar levels of both the S(L) form and the slower-migrating, higher-molecular-weight S(H) form. The wild-type S(L) form was processed to the S(H) form, whereas the S(L) form of the 913P mutant was inefficiently converted to the S(H) form after biosynthesis. None of these mutations affected cell surface expression or binding to its cognate ACE2 receptor. In a human immunodeficiency virus type 1/SARS S coexpression study, all mutants except the 913P mutant incorporated the S(H) form into the virions as effectively as did the wild-type S(H) form. The mutation at Ile-1151 did not affect membrane fusion or viral entry. The impaired viral entry of the 927P, 941P, 955P, and 1165P mutants was due to their inability to mediate membrane fusion, whereas the defect in viral entry of the 1179P mutant occurred not at the stage of membrane fusion but rather at a postfusion stage. Our study demonstrates the functional importance of HR1 and HR2 of the SARS-CoV spike protein in membrane fusion and viral entry.
Measurement of Thresholds for Reference Compounds for Sensory Profiling of Scotch Whisky† (2000)

Sensory profiling of Scotch whiskies, important for research and product analysis, requires training of assessors including the identification of important whisky aroma characters. Seventeen compounds were selected as potential reference standards for common whisky sensory characteristics. Nineteen assessors determined detection and recognition thresholds for each reference standard dissolved in 3 year old grain whisky at 23% (v/v) ethanol using both ascending dilution series and Latin square presentations. With the former, order effects and errors of habituation and anticipation were apparent. However, the Latin square presentation was satisfactory for threshold measurements in whisky, yielding good correlations and reproducibility, and enabling outliers to be reassessed independently. Slopes obtained from plotting probit against concentration for detection and recognition data, psychometric functions of aroma perception, varied between reference compounds and 90% recognition concentrations were obtained for each aroma standard. Sixteen of the compounds assessed were suitable for use as reference flavour standards for training of whisky assessors.
The Indo-Pacific Strategy of the Trump Adminstration and Prospect for US-China Hegemonic Competition with Focus on Southeast Asia (2020)

2017년 11월 트럼프 대통령은 중국의 패권추구에 대응해서 ‘자유롭고 개방된 인도-태평양전략 (FOIP전략)’을 제시하였다. 본 논고는 FOIP전략을 미국방성 ‘인도-태평양전략’ 보고서와 미국부무 ‘인도-태평양 공유비전증진’ 보고서를 중심으로 분석한다. FOIP전략은 공화자유주의 시각인 선악 양분론의 관점에서 미국은 자유주의적, 중국은 억압적 세계관을 추구하고 있다고 규정하고, 중국을 자유주의 질서에 도전하고 서태평양지역, 특히 남중국해를 비롯한 동남아지역을 중심으로 지역패권을 장악하려고 하는 최대위협 요인으로 정의하고 있다. FOIP전략은 동남아 역내국가들과 동맹 및 준동맹관계 강화, 전략적 파트너십확립, 지속적 개입으로 양자관계를 강화하면서 아세안지역협력체와의 다자네트워크를 구축하여 중국의 패권야망을 봉쇄, 좌절시키는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 그렇지만 동남아 역내국가들의 FOIP전략에 대한 수용성은 그리 높지 않다. 동남아 역내국가들이 미중 패권경쟁에 대하여 지역차원에서는 제도균형을 취하면서, 국익과 리더의 정치적 이해관계에 따라 균형, 편승, 헤징의 전략을 유연하게 구사해온 점을 고려할 때, FOIP전략은 미국적 가치를 추구하는 예외주의 보다는 전략적 차원에서 접근하는 편이 실효성을 더 거둘 수 있다.
Akt3 Regulates the Tissue-Specific Response to Copaiba Essential Oil (2020)

This study reports a relationship between Akt3 expression and tissue-specific regulation of the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by copaiba essential oil. Akt3, a protein kinase B isoform important for the regulation of neuronal development, exhibited differential expression levels in cells of various origins. In neuronal and microglial cells, where Akt3 is present, copaiba essential oil positively regulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, in liver cells and T lymphocytes, where Akt3 is absent, copaiba essential oil negatively regulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The expression of Akt3 via plasmid DNA in liver cells led to positive regulatory effects by copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, inhibition of Akt3 expression in neuronal cells via small interfering RNA molecules targeting Akt3 transcripts abrogated the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, Akt3 expression did not impact the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on other signaling pathways. For example, copaiba essential oil consistently upregulated the MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in all evaluated cell types, independent of the Akt3 expression level. Collectively, the data indicated that Akt3 expression was required for the positive regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil, specifically on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Hydrogen Ion Sensing Using Schottky Contacted Silicon Nanowire FETs (2008)

In this paper, we demonstrate the hydrogen ion sensing capability of Schottky contacted silicon nanowire (SiNW) FETs prepared by simple process steps. As a response to the pH level, a threshold voltage shift of 0.49 V/pH and a significant current variation of 19%/pH were acquired. The real-time measurement of the SiNWFETs for the various pH solutions reveals the response time of 1 min or less. An excellent reproducibility and the comparably stable current at each pH levels were observed, implying acute sensing ability.
Power and Area Minimization for Multidimensional Signal Processing (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Sensitivity-based methodology is applied to optimization of performance, power and area across several levels of design abstraction for a complex wireless baseband signal processing algorithm. The design framework is based on a unified, block-based graphical description of the algorithm to avoid design re-entry in various phases of chip development. The use of architectural techniques for minimization of power and area for complex signal processing algorithms is demonstrated using this framework. As a proof of concept, an ASIC realization of the MIMO baseband signal processing for a multi-antenna WLAN is described. The chip implements a 4<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula>4 adaptive singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm with combined power and area minimization achieving a power efficiency of 2.1 GOPS/mW (12-bit add equivalent) in just 3.5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$</tex> </formula> in a standard 90 nm CMOS process. The computational throughput of 70 GOPS is implemented with 0.5 M cells at a 100 MHz clock and 385 mV supply, dissipating 34 mW of power. With optimal channel conditions the algorithm implemented can deliver up to 250 Mb/s over 16 sub-carriers. </para>
StyleRig: Rigging StyleGAN for 3D Control Over Portrait Images (2020)

StyleGAN generates photorealistic portrait images of faces with eyes, teeth, hair and context (neck, shoulders, background), but lacks a rig-like control over semantic face parameters that are interpretable in 3D, such as face pose, expressions, and scene illumination. Three-dimensional morphable face models (3DMMs) on the other hand offer control over the semantic parameters, but lack photorealism when rendered and only model the face interior, not other parts of a portrait image (hair, mouth interior, background). We present the first method to provide a face rig-like control over a pretrained and fixed StyleGAN via a 3DMM. A new rigging network, is trained between the 3DMM's semantic parameters and StyleGAN's input. The network is trained in a self-supervised manner, without the need for manual annotations. At test time, our method generates portrait images with the photorealism of StyleGAN and provides explicit control over the 3D semantic parameters of the face.
Acetylation by Histone Acetyltransferase CREB-binding Protein/p300 of STAT6 Is Required for Transcriptional Activation of the 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Gene (2001)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces expression of reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) in various mammalian cells via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling system. We studied the mechanism of 15-LOX-1 induction in A549 lung epithelial cells and found that genistein, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevented phopsphorylation of STAT6, its binding to the 15-LOX-1 promoter, and the expression of catalytically active enzyme. In contrast, cycloheximide did not prevent 15-LOX-1 induction. Surprisingly, we found that IL-4 up-regulated the histone acetyltransferase activity of CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300, which is responsible for acetylation of nuclear histones and STAT6. The acetylation of both proteins appears to be essential for the IL-4-induced signal transduction cascade, because inhibition of CBP/p300 by the viral wild-type E1A oncoprotein abrogated acetylation of both histones and STAT6 and strongly suppressed transcriptional activation of the 15-LOX-1 gene. Moreover, we found that the inhibition by sodium butyrate of histone deacetylases, which apparently suppress 15-LOX-1 gene transcription, synergistically enhanced the IL-4-stimulated 15-LOX-1 expression. These data suggest that both phosphorylation and acetylation of STAT6 as well as acetylation of nuclear histones are involved in transcriptional activation of the 15-LOX-1 gene, although these reactions follow differential kinetics. STAT6 phosphorylation proceeds within the first hour of IL-4 stimulation. In contrast, CBP/p300-mediated acetylation requires 9-11 h, and similar kinetics were observed for the expression of the active enzyme. Thus, our results suggest that in the absence of IL-4, nuclear histones may be bound to regulatory elements of the 15-LOX-1 gene, preventing its transcription. IL-4 stimulation causes rapid phosphorylation of STAT6, but its binding to the promoter appears to be prevented by nonacetylated histones. After 9-11 h, when histones become acetylated, STAT6 binding sites may be demasked so that the phosphorylated and acetylated transcription factor can bind to activate gene transcription.
Improving digital halftones by exploiting visual system properties (2002)

The visibility of quantization noise in digital halftones can be predicted from psychological data on spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity. Simple models of the visual system can be incorporated into halftoning algorithms to minimize the visibility of the resulting artifacts. Filter-based algorithms may be customized to match the error filter to human contrast sensitivity under known viewing conditions. The relative insensitivity of the visual system to high frequency chromatic modulation allows visible luminance noise to be reduced at the expense of additional (but invisible!) chromatic noise. The techniques are easily extended to three dimensions for displays which can be modulated in time such as CRTs and flat panel displays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Die bronzenen Schwerter mit achtkantigem, hohlgegossenem Griff vom Typ Speyer (2017)

[nicht vorhanden / not available]
Reduction of silicon dioxide by aluminum in metal–oxide–semiconductor structures (1996)

The reduction of SiO2 by Al was studied in Al/SiO2/Si structures above 350 °C. It was found that Al displaces Si in the oxide, forming an Al–O compound with an Al:O concentration ratio between 1:1 and 1.3:1. In the reacted areas, less than 1 at. % Si is left in what was originally a pure SiO2 matrix. The activation energy for the reaction in a pyrogenic oxide is approximately 2 eV. The reaction was found to be responsible for electrical failure of diodes manufactured using Al/SiO2/Si technology.
A comparison of two transdermal diffusion apparatuses: a brief communication. (1987)

Two transdermal diffusion cell apparatuses--the Franz diffusion cell and the Thomas diffusion cell--were compared with each other, using coumarin as a model drug in two different (one hydrophilic and one lipophilic) vehicles.
Development of the Endo-Periscope (2001)

The indirect method of observing and manipulating impairs the depth perception and eye-hand coordination of a laparoscopic surgeon. Important factors that impair depth perception are absence of shadows in endoscopic camera pictures and a restricted ability to observe organs from different sides. One important factor that impairs eye-hand coordination is the unnatural endoscopic line-of-sight, which results in a misorientation between the surgeon's hand movements and the instrument movements on the screen. In order to solve these problems, a new type of steerable endoscope was developed by close cooperation between the Delft University of Technology and the Tokyo Institute of Technology. The endoscope, called Endo-Periscope, is designed for use in combination with a miniature camera on the tip. Shadows are introduced by a light source on the shaft. The steerable tip, which can move in six degrees of freedom (DoF), can be used to observe anatomic structures from the side and to eliminate misorientations. The steerable tip is controlled by the handgrip via a spatial parallelogram mechanism. The handgrip contains an arrow that points always in the direction of the camera's line-of-sight. This provides intuitive control of the tip, showing how the camera is oriented in the abdominal cavity. The tip contains a new kind of spring that enables the tip to bend over 180° within a very small bending radius. We have applied for two international patents to cover the construction of the Endo-Periscope and the spring in the tip.
A Non-Destructive Method for Measuring Lifetimes for Minority Carriers in Semiconductor Wafers Using Frequency-Dependent ac Photovoltages (1983)

A chopped photon beam, whose wavelength was 1.15 µm, irradiated a Si p-n junction (solar cell) through a transparent electrode and a mylar sheet. The chopping frequency was varied from 2 Hz through 200 kHz. Ac photovoltages were capacitively measured while changing the frequency. On a logarithmic scale, there appeared two bending points on the photovoltage vs frequency curve. Using the frequency at the second bending point, the lifetime for minority carriers in the substrate wafer was obtained. The observed value of 5.1 µs agreed well with that of 5.5 µs obtained by the conventional wavelength-dependent photocurrent method.
Evaluation of a Primary Amine-Functionalized Ion-Exchange Resin for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2012)

A primary amine-functionalized polymeric ion-exchange resin (Lewatit VP OC 1065, Lanxess) was evaluated for use in CO2 capture applications. The polymeric resin was characterized by SEM, DRIFTS-IR, N2 adsorption isotherms, and packed bed sorption measurements to determine some of the characteristic properties of the resin. Capture capacities ranging from 1.85 to 1.15 mol CO2/kg sorbent were obtained in a packed bed reactor exposed to 10 vol % CO2 in N2 at adsorption temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C. The capture capacity of the resin was stable over 18 adsorption/regeneration cycles. The resin was evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis to have a low moisture adsorption (1.5 mol H2O/kg sorbent). It is possible to completely regenerate the resin under 1 atm of CO2 at 200 °C.
In-circuit, Non-Contacting, S-parameter measurement for planar circuits (2001)

A method for measuring S-parameters of a circuit embedded in a planar circuit environment is presented. The method utilizes an inductive and a capacitive probe. Experimental results are presented for probe measurements of reflection coefficient from 0.7 to 20 GHz with good agreement to verifying measurements up to 14 GHz. The method shows great promise for in-circuit S-parameter testing that has previously required physical modification or even complete disassembly to test sub-circuits in a microstrip environment.
A 1.8dB NF Receiver front-end for GSM/GPRS in a 90nm Digital CMOS (2005)

An RF receiver front-end for a GSM/GPRS radio system-on-chip in a 90nm digital CMOS technology is presented. The circuit consisting of low noise amplifier, transconductance amplifier, switching mixer and local oscillator, offers 32.5dB dynamic range of gain control that is digitally configurable. Even under the digital spurious noise, the noise figure in the 40dB maximum gain is 1.8dB and +50dBm IIP2 in 34dB gain. The variation of the input matching versus multiple gains is less than 1dB. The local oscillator to drive the mixer fulfills the stringent phase noise requirement of -153.5 dBc/Hz at 3-MHz. The circuit occupies 1.62mm. The LNA, TA and mixer consume less than 15.3mA at a supply voltage of 1.4V.
Analytical Electrophoresis (1988)

The first true use of electrophoresis for the separation of proteins developed from the pioneering work of Tiselius (1) in 1937, but the concepts and developments that led to the introduction of the technique occurred in the mid-nineteenth century with Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. These laws predated the first accepted demonstration of the chromatographic technique by about 50 years. From Faraday’s laws the concept of transport numbers was developed by Hittorf in 1850. In 1870, Kohlrausch demonstrated the measurement of conductivity using an ac Wheatstone bridge system with a telephone receiver as the null indicating device. From conductivities, the concept of ionic mobilities was developed. These three concepts are fundamental to the development of electrophoresis. The moving boundary method of Tiselius, however, although a superb separation method, was a very difficult technique to control and had the disadvantage that only the slowest and fastest migrating species could be obtained in pure form and then only in small quantities. It was therefore not suited for preparative use. Interestingly, it was Martin’s development of partition and paper chromatography (2,3) that gave the stimulus to develop electrophoretic methods capable of separating components into zones using materials similar to those used in chromatography, Development was rapid, and there is now a powerful armoury of methods suitable for protein separation.
Growth of SiC Boules with Low Boron Concentration (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The Snf1 Protein Kinase and Its Activating Subunit, Snf4, Interact with Distinct Domains of the Sip1/Sip2/Gal83 Component in the Kinase Complex (1997)

The Snf1 protein kinase plays a central role in the response to glucose starvation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we showed that two-hybrid interaction between Snf1 and its activating subunit, Snf4, is inhibited by high levels of glucose. These findings, together with biochemical evidence that Snf1 and Snf4 remain associated in cells grown in glucose, suggested that another protein (or proteins) anchors Snf1 and Snf4 into a complex. Here, we examine the possibility that a family of proteins, comprising Sip1, Sip2, and Gal83, serves this purpose. We first show that the fraction of cellular Snf4 protein that is complexed with Snf1 is reduced in a sip1delta sip2delta gal83delta triple mutant. We then present evidence that Sip1, Sip2, and Gal83 each interact independently with both Snf1 and Snf4 via distinct domains. A conserved internal region binds to the Snf1 regulatory domain, and the conserved C-terminal ASC domain binds to Snf4. Interactions were mapped by using the two-hybrid system and were confirmed by in vitro binding studies. These findings indicate that the Sip1/Sip2/Gal83 family anchors Snf1 and Snf4 into a complex. Finally, the interaction of the yeast Sip2 protein with a plant Snf1 homolog suggests that this function is conserved in plants.
Nucleic Acid Structural Engineering Using Pyrene-Functionalized 2′-Amino-α-L-LNA Monomers and Abasic Sites (2008)

Oligonucleotides (ONs) modified with a 2'-N-(pyren-1-yl)acetyl-2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA thymine monomer Y flanked on the 3'-side by an abasic site Phi (i.e., YPhi-unit) exhibit unprecedented increases in thermal affinity (DeltaT(m) values) toward target strands containing abasic sites (DeltaT(m) per YPhi unit >+33.0 degrees C in 9-mer duplexes relative to unmodified ONs). Biophysical studies along with force field calculations suggest that the conformationally locked 2-oxo-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton of monomer Y, in concert with the short rigid acetyl linker, efficiently forces the thymine and pyrene moieties to adopt an interplanar distance of approximately 3.4 A. This precisely positions the pyrene moiety in the duplex core void formed by abasic sites (Phi:Phi pair) for optimal pi-pi overlap. Duplexes with multiple YPhi: APhi units separated by one base pair are tolerated extraordinarily well, as exemplified by a 13-mer duplex containing four separated YPhi: APhi units (8 abasic sites distributed over 13 "base pairs"), which exhibit a thermal denaturation temperature of 60.5 degrees C. The YPhi probes display up to 16-fold increases in fluorescence intensity at 380 nm upon hybridization with abasic target strands, whereby self-assembly of these complex architectures can be easily monitored. This study underlines the potential of N2'-functionalized 2'-amino-alpha-L-LNA as building blocks in nucleic acid based diagnostics and nanomaterial engineering.