gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrowetting: a convenient way to switchable wettability patterns (2005)

Electrowetting is a versatile tool to reduce the apparent contact angle of partially wetting conductive liquids by several tens of degrees via an externally applied voltage. We studied various fundamental and applied aspects of equilibrium liquid surface morphologies both theoretically and experimentally. Our theoretical analysis showed that surface profiles on homogeneous surfaces display a diverging curvature in the vicinity of the three phase contact line. The asymptotic contact angle at the contact line is equal to Young's angle, independent of the applied voltage. With respect to the morphology of the liquid surface, contact angle variations achieved by electrowetting are equivalent to those achieved by varying the chemical nature of the substrates, except for electric field-induced distortions in a region close to the contact line. Experimentally, we studied the (global) morphology of liquid microstructure substrates with stripe-shaped electrodes. As the local contact angle is reduced by increasing the applied voltage, liquid droplets elongate along the stripe axis as expected. For droplets on a single surface with a stripe electrode, there is a discontinuous morphological transition where elongated droplets transform into translationally invariant cylinder segments with the contact line pinned along the stripe edge and vice versa. If the liquid is confined between two parallel surfaces with parallel stripe electrodes, the elongation of the droplet and its transformation into a translationally invariant morphology with pinned contact lines is continuous. Experimental results are compared to analytical and numerical models.
Microbial mutagenesis by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP): the latest development (2018)

Although rational genetic engineering is nowadays the favored method for microbial strain improvement, random mutagenesis is still in many cases the only option. Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) is a newly developed whole-cell mutagenesis tool based on radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge plasma which features higher mutation rates than UV radiation or chemical mutagens while maintaining low treatment temperatures. It has been successfully applied on at least 24 bacterial and 14 fungal species, but also on plants, dinoflagellates, and other microbial communities for the improvement of tolerance to medium components, to increase cellular growth and production of cellular biomass, to enhance enzyme activity, and to increase the production of various chemicals. Achievements like 385.7% of acetic acid production enhancement in Acetobacter pasteurianus give this new mutagenesis tool a promising future. However, certain questions remain regarding optimal operational conditions, the effects at subcellular levels, and standard operation procedures, which need to be addressed to facilitate applications of ARTP in microbial breeding and other fields such as evolution of enzymes.
Biological and Integrated Control of Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grape UsingTrichodermaspp. (1996)

Field trials were carried out in upstate New York in 1990, 1992, 1993, and 1994 and in Chile in 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in order to evaluate the ability of various strains ofTrichodermaspp. to control bunch rot of grape, to assess the compatibility and possible additive effects of selected biocontrol fungi and dicarboximide fungicides, and to determine factors affecting biocontrol efficacy. In 1990, three strains ofTrichodermaspp. were evaluated for their biocontrol ability, and all provided significant control ofBotrytis cinerea.As few as two late applications of the biocontrol fungi were nearly as effective as up to five applications throughout bloom and fruit development. Trials in New York in 1992 and in Chile in 1992–1993 indicated thatTrichoderma harzianumcould replace some applications of iprodione or vinclozolin with little reduction in efficacy. In New York in 1993, we found that applications ofT. harzianumat bloom and early fruit development followed by a tank-mix application ofT. harzianumand half rates of iprodione gave extremely effective control of bunch rot. In 1994, less effective control was obtained than in earlier years. Addition of a nutritive adhesive (Pelgel, a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and gum arabic) applied with the biocontrol agent tended to improve results. Thus, biological control of bunch rot of grape withT. harzianumcan be an effective method of management of this disease.
12-Lipoxygenase: A Potential Target for Novel Anti-Platelet Therapeutics (2011)

Platelets play an essential role in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis and controlling their level of activation is central to prevention of occlusive clot formation and stroke. Although a number of anti-platelet targets have been identified to address this issue including COX-1, the P2Y(12) receptor, the integrin αIIbβ3, and more recently the protease-activated receptor-1, these targets often result in a significant increased risk of bleeding which may lead to pathologies as serious as the thrombosis they were meant to treat including intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, alternative approaches to treat uncontrolled platelet activation are warranted. Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase is an enzyme which oxidizes the free fatty acid in the platelet resulting in the production of the stable metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The role of 12-HETE in the platelet has been controversial with reports associating its function as being both anti- and pro-thrombotic. In this review, the role of 12-lipoxygenase and its bioactive metabolites in regulation of platelet reactivity, clot formation, and hemostasis is described. Understanding the mechanisms by which 12-lipoxygenase and its metabolites modulate platelet function may lead to the development of a novel class of anti-platelet therapies targeting the enzyme in order to attenuate injury-induced clot formation, vessel occlusion and pathophysiological shifts in hemostasis.
Thin‐layer chromatography/laser desorption of peptides followed by multiphoton ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (1995)

Abstract The location of the separated compounds of GlnTrp/GlyTyr and pentagastrin/gramicidin D peptide model mixtures on silica gel and cellulose thin‐layer chromatography plates has been examined by laser desorption multiphoton ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The multiphoton ionization mass spectra of neutrals desorbed by sequential scanning of the thin‐layer chromatography plates versus the infrared laser spot allowed imaging of the distribution profile of the compounds. The method appeared to be promising for the analysis of thin‐layer chromatograms.
CCD-based imaging and 3D space–time mapping of terahertz fields via Kerr frequency conversion (2013)

We investigate the spatially and temporally resolved four-wave mixing of terahertz (THz) fields and optical pulses in large-bandgap dielectrics, such as diamond. We show that it is possible to perform beam profiling and space-time resolved mapping of THz fields by encoding the spatial information into an optical signal, which can then be recorded by a standard CCD camera.
The History of Grinding (2005)

An in-depth examination of the oldest engineering process, The History of Grinding begins at the start of agriculture and outlines how size reduction developed over the centuries (without completely immersing the reader in technical detail). Great technical achievements have led to the machines of today, which can grind solid particles at the rate of tens of thousands of tons per day. One certainty is the existence of the continuing need for size reduction to develop and fit the lifestyles of people both today and in the future. Photos and illustrations gleaned from numerous sources, a glossary, reference list, and index enhance the text. Chapters include Size Reduction from the Stone Age to the Space Age; The Science and the Scientists; Hand Stones; Water Wheels, Windmills, and Beyond; Stamp Mills and Crushers; Roller Mills; Tumbling Mills; Fine-Grinding Mills; Classifiers; Explosive Rock Breakage; and Size Reduction in the 21st Century.
The effects of multiprogramming on barrier synchronization (2002)

One of the most common ways to share a multiprocessor among several applications is to give each application a set of dedicated processors. To ensure fairness, an application may receive fewer processors than it has processes. Unless an application can easily adjust the number of processes it employs during execution, several processes from the same application may have to share a processor. The authors quantify the performance penalty that arises when more than one process from the same application runs on a single processor of a NUMA (Non Uniform Memory Access) multiprocessor. They consider programs that use coarse-grain parallelism and barrier synchronization because they are particularly sensitive to multiprogramming. They quantify the impact on the performance of an application of quantum size, frequency of synchronization, and the type of barrier used. They conclude that dedicating processors to an application, even without migration or dynamic adjustment of the number of processes, is an effective scheduling policy for programs that synchronize frequently using barriers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Call Center Outsourcing: Coordinating Staffing Level and Service Quality (2008)

In this paper, we study the contracting issues in an outsourcing supply chain consisting of a user company and a call center that does outsourcing work for the user company. We model the call center as a G/G/s queue with customer abandonment. Each call has a revenue potential, and we model the call center's service quality by the percentage of calls resolved (revenue realized). The call center makes two strategic decisions: how many agents to have and how much effort to exert to achieve service quality. We are interested in the contracts the user company can use to induce the call center to both staff and exert effort at levels that are optimal for the outsourcing supply chain (i.e., chain coordination). Two commonly used contracts are analyzed first: piecemeal and pay-per-call-resolved contracts. We show that although they can coordinate the staffing level, the resulting service quality is below system optimum. Then, depending on the observability and contractibility of the call center's effort, we propose two contracts that can coordinate both staffing and effort. These contracts suggest that managers pay close attention to service quality and its contractibility in seeking call center outsourcing.
Apoptotic Cell Death Under Hypoxia (2014)

Eukaryotic life depends largely on molecular oxygen. During evolution, ingenious mechanisms have evolved that allow organisms to adapt when oxygen levels decrease. Many of these adaptional responses to low oxygen are orchestrated by the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Here, we review the link between HIF and apoptosis.
The influence of the market power of Chinese commercial banks on efficiency and stability (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost and profit efficiency (PE) of Chinese commercial banks in the last ten years and investigate how market power affects bank efficiency and stability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds a stochastic frontier analysis model to evaluate the cost and PE of commercial banks. The paper then uses a Lerner index and Z -index to represent market power and stability, respectively. In addition, the paper empirically analyzes the relationship between market power and bank efficiency, stability in the last ten years. Findings – The results show that the efficiency of banks on the Chinese mainland increased during the study period, but is still lower than that of banks in Hong Kong; moreover, the efficiency of four state-owned commercial banks is lower than that of medium and small banks. Market power has a negative relationship with efficiency while its relationship with stability varies among Chinese banks. Research limitations/implications – The results imply that the promotion of financial liberalization and banking reform to introduce an appropriate competition mechanism has had a positive effect on the efficiency and stability of Chinese commercial banks. Practical implications – Thus, the paper will contribute to deepen reform and opening up the banking sector in China. Social implications – The healthy development of banking can enhance the ability of banks to withstand financial risks, to promote the harmonious development of society. Originality/value – The paper estimates the cost and PE of Chinese commercial banks using SFA model and investigates how market power affects bank efficiency and stability. The study design has a certain novelty, where Lerner index and Z index are used, respectively, to measure market power and stability and management efficiency of commercial banks is investigated from two aspects – PE and cost efficiency – by the translog cost function, instead of Douglas production function. In addition, the paper tries to put some of Hong Kong banks included in the study sample, and has a certain reference value.
Detection and Removal of Motion Artifacts in PPG Signals (2019)

Abstract With the rise of wearable devices, which integrate myriad of health-care and fitness procedures into daily life, a reliable method for measuring various bio-signals in a daily setup is more desired than ever. Many of these physiological parameters, such as Heart rate (HR) and Respiratory Rate (RR), are extracted indirectly and using other signals such as Photoplethysmograph (PPG). Part of the reason is that in some cases, such as RR measurements, the devices which directly measure them are cumbersome to wear and thus, rather impractical. On the other hand, signals, such as PPG from which the RR can be extracted, are not very clean. This poses a challenge on reliable extraction of these metrics. The most important problem is that they are corrupted by motion artifacts. In this paper, we review the state of the art algorithms which are used to detect and filter motion artifacts in PPG signals and compare them in terms of their performance. The insight provided by this paper can help the scientists and engineers to obtain a better understanding of the field and be able to use the most suitable technique for their work, or come up with innovative solutions based on existing ones.
High water content clay-nanocomposite hydrogels incorporating guanidinium-pendant methacrylamide: Tuning of mechanical and swelling properties by supramolecular approach (2013)

Novel clay–polymer composite hydrogels with high water content (up to 98 wt %) are developed, in which mechanical properties are reinforced by the formation of multiple ion-pairs between the polymer chains and clay nanosheets (CNS). When a small amount of guanidinium-pendant methacrylamide (0.1–0.2 wt %) is copolymerized with a neutral monomer (0.5–2.0 wt %) in an aqueous dispersion of CNS (1.0–3.0 wt %), a self-standing hydrogel with satisfactory mechanical toughness and elasticity results, despite its high water content (95–98 wt %). The mechanical properties and swelling behaviors of the hydrogels can be tuned by the amount of the guanidinium-pendant acrylamide. A systematic study indicates that the ion pairs, formed between the guanidinium groups in the polymer chains and the oxyanions on the surfaces of the CNS, serve as crosslinking points in the three-dimensional network developed in these hydrogels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 839–847
Magnetically directed poly(lactic acid) <sup>90</sup>Y‐microspheres: Novel agents for targeted intracavitary radiotherapy (1994)

High energy beta-emitting radioisotopes like Yttrium-90 have a radiotoxic range of about one centimeter. For cancer treatment they must be brought near the tumor cells and kept there for as long as they are radioactive. We developed as carriers for the ionic form of 90Y a matrix-type polymeric drug delivery system, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres. This radiopharmaceutical could be selectively delivered to the target site after incorporating 10% Fe3O4 (magnetite) which made the magnetic microspheres (MMS) responsive to an external magnetic field. Furthermore, MMS are biodegradable and slowly hydrolyze into physiologic lactic acid after the radioactivity is completely decayed. Previously prepared 10-40 microns MMS were radiochemically loaded to high specific activity with 90Y at a pH of 5.7. Stability studies showed that approximately 95% of added 90Y is retained within the PLA matrix after 28 days (> 10 half-lives) at 37 degrees C in serum, and electron microscopy showed that the microspheres retained their characteristic morphologic appearance for the same time period. Cytotoxicity studies with SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells growing in monolayer showed that the radiocytotoxicity of the microspheres could be directed magnetically to either kill or spare specific cell populations, thus making them of great interest for targeted intracavitary tumor therapy. We are currently optimizing this system for use in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis.
Distribution of Ada tasks onto a heterogeneous environment (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Distribution of Ada tasks onto a heterogeneous environment Authors: Haruhiko Nishida NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 Japan NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 JapanView Profile , Takumi Itoh NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 Japan NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 JapanView Profile , Ryuji Nakayama NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 Japan NTT Software Engineering Laboratory, NTT Software Laboratories, 1-9-1 Kohnan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108 JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims TRI-Ada '91: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '91: today's accomplishments; tomorrow's expectationsDecember 1991 Pages 155–165https://doi.org/10.1145/126551.126567Published:01 December 1991Publication History 2citation126DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads126Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
PEGylation of somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone): Impact on its clearance in humans (2008)

1. PHA-794428 is a PEGylated version of somatropin (human growth hormone). The pharmacokinetics of PHA-794428 have been studied in humans following single subcutaneous administration (dose range 10-500 microg kg(-1)). In the same study the pharmacokinetics of somatropin were also determined following a 3.6 mg (51 microg kg(-1)) subcutaneous dose. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of both molecules indicates that PEGylation of somatropin with a 40 kD PEG results in a ten- to 20-fold increase in area under the curve and a similar increase in half-life when compared with somatropin in human (at equivalent subcutaneous doses). 2. Literature data indicate that somotropin is cleared by two mechanisms. The first processes is clearance by glomerular filtration. This is a passive, non-capacity-limited process. A second, capacity-limited, process is mediated by interaction with growth hormone receptors present in a number of tissues including the liver. It is hypothesized that PHA-794428 shares the same clearance mechanisms. However, the addition of the PEG moiety has modulated the clearance by both of these processes. Pharmacokinetic modelling of human serum concentration data obtained for these molecules strongly supports this hypothesis. The renal clearance is reduced due to the increased size of the molecule (Cl/F reduced from 9.6 to 0.1 l h(-1) for somatropin and PHA-794428, respectively). In addition, the reduction in growth hormone receptor affinity has reduced the clearance mediated by interaction with this receptor (somatropin Km = 3.6 microg l(-1) and Vmax = 104 microg h(-1)/PHA-794428 Km = 53 microg l(-1) and Vmax = 84 microg h(-1)).
Apatite‐coated poly(lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic acid) microspheres as an injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering (2007)

Biodegradable polymer/ceramic composite scaffold could overcome limitations of biodegradable polymers or ceramics for bone regeneration. Injectable scaffold has raised great interest for bone regeneration in vivo, since it allows one for easy filling of irregularly shaped bone defects and implantation of osteogenic cells through minimally invasive surgical procedures The purpose of this study was to determine whether apatite-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres could be used as an injectable scaffold to regenerate bone in vivo. Apatite-coated PLGA microspheres were fabricated by incubating PLGA microspheres in simulated body fluid. The apatite that coated the PLGA microsphere surfaces was similar to apatite in natural bone, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectra, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy analyses. Rat osteoblasts were mixed with apatite-coated PLGA microspheres and injected immediately into subcutaneous sites of athymic mice. Osteoblast transplantation with plain PLGA microspheres served as a control. Histological analysis of the implants at 6 weeks with hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and von Kossa staining revealed much better regeneration of bone in the apatite-coated PLGA microsphere group than the plain PLGA microsphere group. The new bone formation area and the calcium content of the implants were significantly higher in the apatite-coated PLGA microsphere group than in the plain PLGA microsphere group. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using apatite-coated PLGA microspheres as an injectable scaffold for in vivo bone tissue engineering. This scaffold may be useful for bone regeneration through minimally invasive surgical procedures in orthopedic applications.
Serum Levels and Placental Expression of NGAL in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2020)

NGAL may be an important adipokine involved in GDM and fetal development. The oversecretion of NGAL from the placenta may contribute to the elevated levels of serum NGAL in gestational diabetes mellitus.