gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orbital Express Advanced Video Guidance Sensor: Ground Testing, Flight Results and Comparisons (2008)

Orbital Express (OE) was a successful mission demonstrating automated rendezvous and docking. The 2007 mission consisted of two spacecraft, the Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations (ASTRO) and the Next Generation Serviceable Satellite (NEXTSat) that were designed to work together and test a variety of service operations in orbit. The Advanced Video Guidance Sensor, AVGS, was included as one of the primary proximity navigation sensors on board the ASTRO. The AVGS was one of four sensors that provided relative position and attitude between the two vehicles. Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for the AVGS software and testing (especially the extensive ground testing), flight operations support, and analyzing the flight data. This paper briefly describes the historical mission, the data taken on-orbit, the ground testing that occurred, and finally comparisons between flight data and ground test data for two different flight regimes.
Power system restoration issues (1991)

Some of the problems encountered in the three phases of power system restoration (PSR) are described. The three phases are planning for restart and reintegration of the bulk power supply, actions during system degradations for saving and retaining critical sources of power, and restoration when the power system has stabilized at some degraded level. Common concerns found in several PSR plans reviewed are outlined. The use of simulators and expert systems is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Curved-crystal x-ray monochromator efficiency (1979)

This paper reviews factors relevant to the choice of a curved crystal for monochromatizing and focusing x rays efficiently. Results of numerical computation of reflectance by symmetrically curved ideally perfect crystals in several wavelength ranges are given. Some dimensionless numbers are defined that help to estimate reflectance without rigorous numerical computations in many cases.
DR-Positive T Cells in Autism: Association with Decreased Plasma Levels of the Complement C4B Protein (1995)

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by severe communication, social and behavioral abnormalities. Over the past several years a fair amount of evidence has accumulated suggesting that some cases of autism may be associated with immune abnormalities and with products of the HLA complex including the C4B gene located in the class III region of HLA. This study sought additional evidence for an association of autoimmune processes with autism by investigating the presence of activated T cells in 26 autistic subjects. Fourteen of the autistic subjects had DR+ T cells, an indicator of activated T cells, but none of the autistic subjects had T cells expressing the interleukin-2 receptor, another indicator of T cell activation. Similar findings of incomplete or partial T cell activation have been reported in autoimmune disorders and in a recent study of autism. In the current investigation, the DR+ T cells were not found to be associated with age of the autistic patients but were inversely correlated with a decreased plasma level of the C4B protein. In conclusion, this study provides additional evidence for the involvement of an autoimmune mechanism in autism.
A physics-based reduced order basis method (RBM) for rapid and accurate computations of large-scale EM simulations (2015)

In response to the need for fast and accurate radar cross section (RCS) predictive capabilities for DoD warfighter mission, HyPerComp has been developing a state-of-the-art time-domain computational electromagnetics (CEM) technology known as HDphysics (High Definition physics). The HDphysics computational kernel is highly scalable on distributed memory systems, and can handle body-conforming unstructured grids, complex materials, and wideband excitations.
The importance of the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine ligand-receptor interaction in prostate cancer metastasis. (2004)

We have demonstrated that human prostate cell lines derived from metastases express functional CXCR4 receptor and that CXCL12 ligand enhances their migratory capabilities. Also, laser microdissected primary patient tumours and patient benign tissue specimens express CXCR4 mRNA at high levels (it is suggested that post-transcriptional modification of the CXCR4 receptor plays a major role in regulating protein expression). These results suggest prostate cancers may be influenced by the CXCL12:CXCR4 pathway during metastasis. This pathway would provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Synthesis of Bis(Trifluoromethyl)-2,2′- Bipyridines by Nickel Catalysed Homocoupling Reactions (1993)

Abstract Bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridines have been synthesized in moderate yields by nickel or palladium catalysed homocoupling of 2-chloro(trifluoromethyl) pyridines.
Enhanced 2,3-Butanediol Production by Optimizing Fermentation Conditions and Engineering Klebsiella oxytoca M1 through Overexpression of Acetoin Reductase (2015)

Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has been attracting increasing interest because of its high value and various industrial applications. In this study, high production of 2,3-BDO using a previously isolated bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca M1 was carried out by optimizing fermentation conditions and overexpressing acetoin reductase (AR). Supplying complex nitrogen sources and using NaOH as a neutralizing agent were found to enhance specific production and yield of 2,3-BDO. In fed-batch fermentations, 2,3-BDO production increased with the agitation speed (109.6 g/L at 300 rpm vs. 118.5 g/L at 400 rpm) along with significantly reduced formation of by-product, but the yield at 400 rpm was lower than that at 300 rpm (0.40 g/g vs. 0.34 g/g) due to acetoin accumulation at 400 rpm. Because AR catalyzing both acetoin reduction and 2,3-BDO oxidation in K. oxytoca M1 revealed more than 8-fold higher reduction activity than oxidation activity, the engineered K. oxytoca M1 overexpressing the budC encoding AR was used in fed-batch fermentation. Finally, acetoin accumulation was significantly reduced by 43% and enhancement of 2,3-BDO concentration (142.5 g/L), yield (0.42 g/g) and productivity (1.47 g/L/h) was achieved compared to performance with the parent strain. This is by far the highest titer of 2,3-BDO achieved by K. oxytoca strains. This notable result could be obtained by finding favorable fermentation conditions for 2,3-BDO production as well as by utilizing the distinct characteristic of AR in K. oxytoca M1 revealing the nature of reductase.
A fast switching segmented anode NPN controlled LIGBT (2003)

An ultrafast low energy loss lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) with a novel segmented anode structure is demonstrated. The anode comprises segments of p/sup +/ and n/sup +//p (n/sup +/ region formed within a p-type region) along the width of the device. By simply varying the ratio of these segments the tradeoff between conduction and switching losses can be varied. Unlike an anode shorted structure this does not exhibit an undesirable snapback in its on-state characteristics. This structure is simple to realize in a CDMOS process without the need for any additional process steps.
Torque-Overlay-Based Robust Steering Wheel Angle Control of Electrical Power Steering for a Lane-Keeping System of Automated Vehicles (2015)

We propose a torque-overlay-based robust steering wheel angle (SWA) control method of electrical power steering (EPS) for a lane-keeping system of automated vehicles. The proposed method consists of an augmented observer and a nonlinear damping controller to guarantee the semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the SWA tracking error using only SWA feedback. The key idea of the proposed method is that the system functions with unknown parameters and external disturbance, along with their derivatives, are combined into an augmented state variable for designing the nonlinear observer in the absence of Lipschitz conditions. The augmented observer is designed to estimate the full state and disturbance. The nonlinear damping controller is developed via backstepping to suppress the angle tracking error using the input-to-state stability property when the estimation error becomes large. Since the proposed method is designed based on torque overlay, a torque integration using basic functions of the EPS for SWA control is available for driver convenience. Furthermore, no modification of the EPS is required. The performance of the proposed method was validated through experimentation with a test vehicle.
Jet Flow on Stepped Spillways (1994)

This technical note presents a method to estimate the energy loss on stepped spillways for the jet‐flow regime, which occurs when the ratio of the critical depth yc to the height of the step h is less than approximately 0.8. It introduces the concept of α, the proportional energy loss per step, and using the extensive experimental results of Horner, α; was evaluated. It was found that α is a function of yc/h and h/l, where l is the length of the step; and an equation has been developed that describes this variation. It was also found that the energy loss on a stepped spillway with a large number of steps can be very significant in the jet‐flow regime. It also appears that for skimming flow, which occurs for yc/h larger than about 0.8, the average energy loss per step would be less than that for jet flow.
Gender Differences in Involuntary Job Loss: Why Are Men More Likely to Lose Their Jobs? (2013)

Empirical studies have consistently reported that rates of involuntary job loss are significantly lower among female employees than among males. Only rarely, however, have the reasons for this differential been the subject of detailed investigation. In this article, household panel survey data from Australia are used that also find higher rates of job loss among men than among women. This differential, however, largely disappears once controls for industry and occupation are included. These findings suggest that the observed gender differential primarily reflects systematic differences in the types of jobs into which men and women select.
Adaptive media access control for energy harvesting &#x2014; Wireless sensor networks (2012)

ODMAC (On-Demand Media Access Control) is a recently proposed MAC protocol designed to support individual duty cycles for Energy Harvesting - Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs). Individual duty cycles are vital for EH-WSNs, because they allow nodes to adapt their energy consumption to the ever-changing environmental energy sources. In this paper, we present an improved and extended version of ODMAC and we analyze it by means of an analytical model that can approximate several performance metrics in an arbitrary network topology. The simulations and the analytical experiments show ODMAC's ability to satisfy three key properties of EH-WSNs: adaptability of energy consumption, distributed energy-aware load balancing and support for different application-specific requirements.
SAW-induced birefringence in InGaAs-GaAs multiple quantum well acousto-optic modulators (2003)

A theoretical study of surface acoustic wave (SAW)-induced absorption coefficient and refractive index change in InGaAs-GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures is presented. We use a two-dimensional Gaussian quadrature method to solve for the exciton oscillator strength in two-dimensional momentum space. This method accounts for the asymmetric strain and electric field induced by the SAW. The optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes near the band gap in MQWs are calculated as a function of SAW power at different well widths. We have found that SAW-induced birefringence is significantly dependent on the intrinsic strain. We computed birefringence /spl Delta/n=0.06 in 0.7 % tensile strained InGaAs-GaAs MQWs for the two different polarizations (parallel and perpendicular to the SAW propagation direction) under normal incident light at a SAW power of 10 mW//spl lambda//sub SAW/. This is a great improvement over our earlier compressively strained (/spl sim/-1 %) InGaAs-GaAs MQW modulators (/spl Delta/n=0.01). The calculations are compared with absorption coefficient measurements on compressively strained InGaAs-GaAs MQW modulators.
Statistical methods in neuroimaging with particular application to emission tomography (1994)

We review statistical methods being applied in four key areas connected with PET and SPECT neuroimaging: (i) image reconstruction (briefly); (ii) tracer-kinetic, or compartmental, modelling; (iii) inference from region-of-interest data; (iv) inference at the pixel or voxel level. Under the last heading, we pay particular attention to the analysis of data from serial scans. We conclude by identifying some topics for future statistical research.
Erosion Band Features for Cell Phone Image Based Plant Disease Classification (2014)

We introduce a novel set of features for a challenging image analysis task in agriculture where cell phone camera images of beet leaves are analyzed as to the presence of plant diseases. Aiming at minimal computational costs on the cellular device and highly accurate prediction results, we present an efficient detector of potential disease regions and a robust classification method based on texture features. We evaluate several first- and second-order statistical features for classifying textures of leaf spots and we find that a combination of descriptors derived on multiple erosion bands of the RGB color channels, as well as, the local binary patterns of gradient magnitudes of the extracted regions accurately distinguish between symptoms caused by five diseases, including infections of the fungi Cercospora beticola, Ramularia beticola, Uromyces betae, and Phoma betae, and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata.
Transmission-less attenuation estimation from time-of-flight PET histo-images using consistency equations (2015)

In positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, attenuation correction with accurate attenuation estimation is crucial for quantitative patient studies. Recent research showed that the attenuation sinogram can be determined up to a scaling constant utilizing the time-of-flight information. The TOF-PET data can be naturally and efficiently stored in a histo-image without information loss, and the radioactive tracer distribution can be efficiently reconstructed using the DIRECT approaches. In this paper, we explore transmission-less attenuation estimation from TOF-PET histo-images. We first present the TOF-PET histo-image formation and the consistency equations in the histo-image parameterization, then we derive a least-squares solution for estimating the directional derivatives of the attenuation factors from the measured emission histo-images. Finally, we present a fast solver to estimate the attenuation factors from their directional derivatives using the discrete sine transform and fast Fourier transform while considering the boundary conditions. We find that the attenuation histo-images can be uniquely determined from the TOF-PET histo-images by considering boundary conditions. Since the estimate of the attenuation directional derivatives can be inaccurate for LORs tangent to the patient boundary, external sources, e.g. a ring or annulus source, might be needed to give an accurate estimate of the attenuation gradient for such LORs. The attenuation estimation from TOF-PET emission histo-images is demonstrated using simulated 2D TOF-PET data.
Ferroelectrets with improved thermal stability made from fused fluorocarbon layers (2007)

Several layers of polytetrafluoroethylene and fluoroethylenepropylene films are fused such that small interfacial gas voids are formed between the layers. After proper charging and annealing, the fused multilayer films show large and thermally stable quasistatic piezoelectric d33 coefficients of about 1000pC∕N which are subject to a minor reduction of 3% per day if exposed to 90°C. Depending on sample processing, the piezoelectric coefficient is relatively independent of applied pressure in the range up to 20kPa and of applied frequency up to about 100kHz. Thermally-stimulated discharge measurements indicate that the decay of the piezoelectric activity at higher temperatures is at least partially due to charge drift along the surfaces of the voids. A microphone built with the cellular ferroelectrets has a sensitivity of 3mV∕Pa at 1kHz.
Full-chip sub-threshold leakage power prediction model for sub-0.18 μm CMOS (2003)

The driving force for the semiconductor industry growth has been the elegant scaling nature of CMOS technology. In future CMOS technology generations, supply and threshold voltages will have to continually scale to sustain performance increase, control switching power dissipation, and maintain reliability. These continual scaling requirements on supply and threshold voltages pose several technology and circuit design challenges. With threshold voltage scaling sub-threshold leakage power is expected to become a significant portion of the total power in future CMOS systems. Therefore, it becomes crucial to predict sub-threshold leakage power of such systems. In this paper, we present a sub-threshold leakage power prediction model that takes into account within-die threshold voltage variation. Statistical measurements of 32-bit microprocessors in 0.18 mm CMOS confirms that the mean error of the model to be 4%. Comparisons of this model to two other existing models that do not take within-die threshold voltage variation into account are also presented.
A 1 +1 protection architecture for optical burst switched networks (2003)

High-capacity optical backbone networks protect their premium customers' information flows by routing two copies of the customer's data over disjoint paths. This scheme, known as 1+1 protection, provides extremely rapid recovery from network failures. We propose an architecture by which 1+1 protection can be extended to optical burst switched (OBS) networks. This architecture is designed by modifying the diversity routing architecture that was originally proposed for nonoptical packet networks and recently applied to networks employing the generalized multiprotocol label switched (GMPLS) architecture. We extend the architecture developed for just-in-time OBS signaling to support 1+1 protection. We also examine design issues that are raised by a difference in the propagation delays of the two disjoint paths across the OBS network. We show that a sufficiently large difference in the propagation delays can cause performance degradations that may result in an unsatisfactory quality-of-service on the protected connection. We examine the impact of this delay mismatch on restoration performance, probability of burst loss, and jitter. Through analysis and simulations, it is discussed how these negative effects can be eliminated.
Cardiovascular abnormalities with normal blood pressure in tissue kallikrein-deficient mice (2001)

Tissue kallikrein is a serine protease thought to be involved in the generation of bioactive peptide kinins in many organs like the kidneys, colon, salivary glands, pancreas, and blood vessels. Low renal synthesis and urinary excretion of tissue kallikrein have been repeatedly linked to hypertension in animals and humans, but the exact role of the protease in cardiovascular function has not been established largely because of the lack of specific inhibitors. This study demonstrates that mice lacking tissue kallikrein are unable to generate significant levels of kinins in most tissues and develop cardiovascular abnormalities early in adulthood despite normal blood pressure. The heart exhibits septum and posterior wall thinning and a tendency to dilatation resulting in reduced left ventricular mass. Cardiac function estimated in vivo and in vitro is decreased both under basal conditions and in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, flow-induced vasodilatation is impaired in isolated perfused carotid arteries, which express, like the heart, low levels of the protease. These data show that tissue kallikrein is the main kinin-generating enzyme in vivo and that a functional kallikrein-kinin system is necessary for normal cardiac and arterial function in the mouse. They suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system could be involved in the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases.
Iterative Equalization with Decision Feedback based on Expectation Propagation (2018)

This paper investigates the design and analysis of minimum mean square error (MMSE) turbo decision feedback equalization (DFE), with expectation propagation (EP), for single carrier modulations. Classical non iterative DFE structures have substantial advantages at high-data rates, even compared with turbo linear equalizers-interference cancellers (LE-IC), hence making turbo DFE-IC schemes an attractive solution. In this paper, we derive an iterative DFE-IC, capitalizing on the use of soft feedback based on expectation propagation, along with the use of prior information for improved filtering and interference cancellation. This turbo iterative DFE-IC significantly outperforms turbo LE-IC, especially at high-spectral efficiency and also exhibits performance improvements over existing DFE-IC variants. The proposed scheme can also be self-iterated, as done in the recent trend on EP-based equalizers, and it is shown to be an attractive alternative to linear self-iterated receivers. For time-varying (TV) filter equalizers, an efficient matrix inversion scheme is also proposed, considerably reducing the computational complexity relative to existing methods. Using finite-length and asymptotic analysis on a severely selective channel, the proposed DFE-IC is shown to achieve higher rates than known alternatives, with better waterfall thresholds and faster convergence, while keeping a similar computational complexity.
Functional and Genetic Characterization of the (Methyl)ammonium Uptake Carrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum (1996)

Under nitrogen starvation conditions, Corynebacterium glutamicum was found to take up methylammonium at a rate of 20 +/- 5 nmol.min-1.(mg dry weight)-1. The specific activity of this uptake was 10-fold lower when growing the cells under sufficient nitrogen supply, indicating a tight regulation on the expression level. The methylammonium uptake showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an Km of 44 +/- 7 microM and was completely inhibited by the addition of 10 microM ammonium. This finding and the fact that methylammonium was not metabolized by C. glutamicum strongly suggests that the uptake carrier actually represents an ammonium uptake system. Methylammonium uptake was strictly dependent on the membrane potential. From the pH optimum and the accumulation of methylammonium in equilibrium, it could be deduced that only one net charge is transported and, thus, that methylammonium is taken up in its protonated form via an uniport mechanism. The amt gene encoding the (methyl)ammonium uptake system was isolated and characterized. The predicted gene product of amt consists of 452 amino acids (Mr = 47,699) and shows 26-33% identity to ammonium transporter proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. According to the hydrophobicity profile, it is an integral membrane protein containing 10 or 11 membrane-spanning segments.
Assessing Platelet and Fibrinogen Contribution to Clot Strength Using Modified Thromboelastography in Pregnant Women (1999)

Determining the independent contribution of platelets and fibrinogen to the maximal amplitude of thromboelastography using c7E3 Fab may further improve the use of thromboelastography in detecting and treating coagulation defects.
Degradation of pesticides in aqueous medium by electro-Fenton and related methods. A review. (2009)

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