gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitous Connectivity and Threats: Architecting The Next Generation Cyber Security Operations (2017)

Due to breakneck proliferation of advanced cyber threats, cyber security operations today face challenges that are conflating at an exponential rate. The explosion of the Internet of Things is projected to expand the universe of connected objects from 8.7 billion in 2012 to over 50 billion by 2020, which is going to inundate today's cyber security operations with a sensor data flood of untenable proportions. Additionally, the dearth of skilled cyber security practitioners is projected to increase seven-fold by 2020. The widening gap created by these two compounding trends can only be filled by developing autonomous, pervasive cyber security capabilities that embrace machine learning and automated cognitive technologies to digest immense volumes of data to detect anomalies, make inferences, develop threat intelligence, and automate a multitude of responses in the cyber security operational environment. This paper will explore a proven “system thinking” design approach to empower cyber security operations analysts to regain control of their enterprise network by highlighting necessary capabilities that allow a force multiplier to overcome both the skilled labor shortage and the looming tsunami of data.
Synthesis of PLA-based thermoplastic elastomer and study on preparation and properties of PLA-based shape memory polymers (2019)

Abstract As a new functional polymer material, shape memory polymer (SMP) has many advantages, and can be widely used in medical devices, textiles, aerospace and other fields. For thermal response SMPs, temporary deformation can be stored under external force above T g with a rapid cooling down to below T g or T m , and when heated again to the critical temperature point, they return to their original shape. In this paper, shape memory poly (lactic acid) (PLA) block copolymers were prepared from a chain extension reaction of PLA with poly(ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL-OH). Using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a chain extender, the molecular weight of the prepolymer could be greatly increased by melt chain extension. Polylactic acid thermoplastic elastomer (PLAE) synthesized by chain extension reaction is soft and tough, similar to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Polylactic acid-based shape memory polymers with good shape memory properties can be obtained by blending PLAE with PLA. The shape memory property test showed that the polylactic acid-based shape memory polymer was successfully prepared, and the recovery rate of the polylactic acid-based shape memory polymer could reach to approximately 80%. Besides, we also did thermal and microstructural analysis of the blend material. Due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, PLAE and PLA/PLAE will have potential applications in biomedical implant materials, engineering plastics, and textiles.
Reaction of 3-phenylglycidic esters. IV. Reaction of methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glycidate with 2-nitrophenol and synthesis of 1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives. (1985)

The reaction of methyl trans-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) glycidate (1) with 2-nitrophenol was investigated under various conditions. Generally, the reaction proceeded predominantly by cis-opening of the oxirane ring of 1 to give the threo-nitro ester (7). Selective trans-opening of 1 was observed only in the reaction with sodium 2-nitrophenoxide to give the erythro-nitro ester (8). Some 1, 5-benzoxazepine derivatives (16-19), 1-oxa analogues of diltiazem, were synthesized from 7 and 8 for pharmacological evaluation. Compound 18a showed the highest vasodilating activity in this series, but it was less active and more toxic than racemic diltiazem.
Using ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography to achieve comprehensive depth resolved microvasculature mapping for human retina (2011)

This paper presents comprehensive and depth-resolved retinal microvasculature images within human retina achieved by a newly developed ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG) system. Due to its high flow sensitivity, UHS-OMAG is much more sensitive to tissue motion due to the involuntary movement of the human eye and head compared to the traditional OMAG system. To mitigate these motion artifacts on final imaging results, we propose a new phase compensation algorithm in which the traditional phase-compensation algorithm is repeatedly used to efficiently minimize the motion artifacts. Comparatively, this new algorithm demonstrates at least 8 to 25 times higher motion tolerability, critical for the UHS-OMAG system to achieve retinal microvasculature images with high quality. Furthermore, the new UHS-OMAG system employs a high speed line scan CMOS camera (240 kHz A-line scan rate) to capture 500 A-lines for one B-frame at a 400 Hz frame rate. With this system, we performed a series of in vivo experiments to visualize the retinal microvasculature in humans. Two featured imaging protocols are utilized. The first is of the low lateral resolution (16 μm) and a wide field of view (4 × 3 mm(2) with single scan and 7 × 8 mm(2) for multiple scans), while the second is of the high lateral resolution (5 μm) and a narrow field of view (1.5 × 1.2 mm(2) with single scan). The great imaging performance delivered by our system suggests that UHS-OMAG can be a promising noninvasive alternative to the current clinical retinal microvasculature imaging techniques for the diagnosis of eye diseases with significant vascular involvement, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Synthesis and characterization of an oligopeptide - terminated polyrotaxane as a drug carrier (2000)

A polyrotaxane consisting of α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) and α,ω-di(glycylglycyne) polyoxyethylene (α,ω-di(Gly-Gly)-PEG) capped with tyrosine was synthesized as a drug carrier and its in vitro degradation by aminopeptidase M was demonstrated. α,ω-Di(Gly-Gly)-PEG was prepared by condensation reaction between terminal amino-groups in α-(3-aminopropyl)-ω-(3-aminopropyl) polyoxyethylene and succinimide ester of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-Gly-Gly, followed by the deprotection of Boc group via acidic hydrolysis. A polypseudorotaxane consisting of α-CDs and α,ω-di(Gly-Gly)-PEG was prepared in the mixture of water and dimethylsulfoxide. The polyrotaxane was successfully synthesized by condensation reaction between the amino-groups in the pseudopolyrotaxane and p-nitrophenyl ester of carbobenzoxy L-tyrosine. The addition of 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole on the reaction was found to increase the yield and the number of α-CDs in the polyrotaxane. Hydroxypropylation of the polyrotaxane improved the solubility in aqueous solutions and many kinds of organic solvents. In vitro degradation of the hydroxypropylated (HP-)polyrotaxane revealed that HP-α-CDs in the HP-polyrotaxane were released in the presence of aminopeptidase M. These results suggest that the supramolecular dissociation will be triggered by the action of extracellular enzymes and lead to a new mechanism of drug release from polymeric drug carriers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Formation of Alkylcarbonic Acids with CO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

The mutual solubility of carbon dioxide and alcohols over a wide range of temperature and pressure provides a useful and tunable medium for reactions and separations. For many years, researchers have used alcohols as cosolvents in supercritical CO2, and recently CO2-swollen alcohols have been used for antisolvent crystallization and as mobile phases for chromatography. However, little consideration has been given to chemical interaction between the alcohols and CO2. We have confirmed that such an interaction does exist and can create an acidic environment. By isolating reaction products we have demonstrated that alcohol−CO2 complexes react similarly to carboxylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane, a compound typically used to evaluate acid strengths. Our evidence indicates that the behavior of CO2−alcohol systems is comparable to that of CO2−water systems, where carbonic acid is formed.
Signal integrity analysis of single-ended and differential signaling in PCBs with EBG structure (2008)

Object of this paper is the signal integrity analysis of printed circuit boards with electromagnetic bandgap structures. In particular the signal quality of single-ended and DIFF lines is discussed both in time and frequency domain (S-parameters, TDR and eye-diagrams). Two different configurations (two dimensional and three dimensional) of electromagnetic bandgap structures are analyzed by means of a three dimensional full wave field simulator based on the finite integration technique. Results show a consistent improvement of the signal integrity when DIFF signaling is used, while keeping the typical advantage of noise mitigation due to electromagnetic bandgap layers.
An unrestricted vocabulary Arabic speech synthesis system (1989)

A method for synthesizing Arabic speech has been developed which uses a reasonably sized set of subphonetic elements as the synthesis units to allow synthesis of unlimited-vocabulary speech of good quality. The synthesis units have been defined after a careful study of the phonetic properties of modern standard Arabic, and they consist of central steady-state portions of vowels, central steady-state portions of consonants, vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel transitions, and some allophones. A text-to-speech system which uses this method has also been developed. The input of the system is ordinary Arabic spelling with diacritics and/or simple numeric expressions. Synthesis is controlled by several text-to-speech rules which are formulated and developed as algorithms more suited for computer handling of the synthesis process. The rules are required for converting the input text into phonemes, converting the phonemes into phonetic units, generating the synthesis units from the phonetic units, and concatenating the synthesis units to form spoken messages. The suitability of the method for synthesizing Arabic has been shown by realizing all its functions on a personal computer and by conducting understandability test on synthesized speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A unifying semantic distance model for determining the similarity of attribute values (2003)

The relative difference between two data values is of interest in a number of application domains including temporal and spatial applications, schema versioning, data warehousing (particularly data preparation), internet searching, validation and error correction, and data mining. Moreover, consistency across systems in determining such distances and the robustness of such calculations is essential in some domains and useful in many. Despite this, there is no generally adopted approach to determining such distances and no accommodation of distance within SQL or any commercially available DBMS.
Neural Control of Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Dogs With Pacing-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

IVC-IAGPNA is invariably associated with VR reduction during AF. In comparison, right or left VNA was associated with VR reduction only when it coactivates with the IVC-IAGPNA. The vagal nerve that controls VR during AF may be different from that which controls sinus rhythm.
The subpopulation of CF‐1 mice deficient in P‐glycoprotein contains a murine retroviral insertion in the <i>mdr1a</i> gene (2001)

A subpopulation of the CF-1 mouse strain is sensitive to neurotoxicity following exposure to avermectins, a family of structurally related antiparasitic agents. This unusual sensitivity is the result of a deficiency in the mdr1a P-glycoprotein that normally contributes to a functional blood-brain barrier. Previous studies demonstrated a correlation between P-glycoprotein levels in the brain, intestine, testis, and placenta with an restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern from DNA isolated from the animals. We have demonstrated that only P-glycoprotein derived from the mdr1a gene is deficient in these mice. In this article, we describe the genetic defect in the subpopulation of CF-1 mice resulting in an absence of P-glycoprotein. The data presented describes a reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol that specifically amplifies mdr1a mRNA from tissue and confirms that the P-glycoprotein defect results from a truncated mRNA with a deleted exon 23. Genomic amplification and sequencing of the intron between exon 22 and 23 in Pgp-deficient animals reveals an insertion of approximately 8.35 kb of DNA at the exon 23 intron--exon junction corresponding to a murine leukemia virus. This insertion results in the aberrant splicing of the mRNA and the loss of exon 23 during RNA processing.
Research on amorphous silicon-based thin film photovoltaic devices: Task B, Research on stable high efficiency large area, amorphous silicon-based submodules (1990)

The primary objective of this subcontract is to develop amorphous silicon p-i-n/p-i-n tandem junction photovoltaic submodules (>900 cm{sup 2}) having an aperture area efficiency of at least 9%. A further objective is to demonstrate 8% tandem submodules that degrade by no more than 5% under standard light soaking conditions. The main lines of investigation during this period concerned with exploration of novel types of p-layers, the properties and applications of doped zinc oxide films to a{minus}Si:H cells, the effects of various surface treatments of SnO{sub 2} and ZnO transparent conducting oxides (TCO's) on cell performance, the dependence of cell stability on substrate and junction type, and the development of techniques to enable the full potential performance of the a{minus}Si:H to be realized in a module configuration. 12 refs., 11 figs., 13 tabs.
Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Evaluating Collaborative Customer Relationship Management System (2009)

Customer management concepts developed in the past proved ineffective, as the quality of the data was not enough. The experience has shown that through a new management concept a few companies have been able to avoid the pitfalls of loosing value. The collaborative customer relationship management (CCRM) is a new form of customer management. The concept has been successfully implemented by leaders in the consumer goods sector. How to use the customer relationship management to reduce the enterprise's operating costs. Based on the above problems, the study by consulting the views of experts and scholars and see the related literature was informed of its selection criteria and the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) selection criteria and weights. The AHP can provide decision makers with a valuable reference basis. Importantly, the proposed model can provide Taiwan's enterprise management clients a reference material, making it highly applicable for academic and enterprise.
Germanium FETs and capacitors with rare earth CeO2/HfO2 gates (2006)

Long channel Ge FETs and capacitors with CeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> /TiN gates were fabricated by photolithography and gate wet etch. Rare earth CeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in direct contact with Ge was used as a passivating layer producing lowest D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> values in the mid 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> range. HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cap reduces leakage and improves equivalent oxide thickness scaling of the whole gate stack. The p-FETs show exceptionally high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , mainly due to low off current, and peak channel mobility around 80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs. The n-FETs, although functional, show inferior performance producing on currents an order of magnitude lower compared to p-FETs
Longitudinal evaluation and decline of antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

Abstract Antibody (Ab) responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 days following the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of this virus in the human population it is not yet known how long these Ab responses will be maintained or whether they will provide protection from re-infection. Using sequential serum samples collected up to 94 days post onset of symptoms (POS) from 65 RT-qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, we show seroconversion in >95% of cases and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses when sampled beyond 8 days POS. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the nAb response is dependent upon the disease severity, but this does not affect the kinetics of the nAb response. Declining nAb titres were observed during the follow up period. Whilst some individuals with high peak ID 50 (>10,000) maintained titres >1,000 at >60 days POS, some with lower peak ID 50 had titres approaching baseline within the follow up period. A similar decline in nAb titres was also observed in a cohort of seropositive healthcare workers from Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals. We suggest that this transient nAb response is a feature shared by both a SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes low disease severity and the circulating seasonal coronaviruses that are associated with common colds. This study has important implications when considering widespread serological testing, Ab protection against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the durability of vaccine protection.
Low-energy beam transport studies supporting the spallation neutron source 1-MW beam operation (2012)

The H(-) injector consisting of a cesium enhanced RF-driven ion source and a 2-lens electrostatic low-energy beam transport (LEBT) system supports the spallation neutron source 1 MW beam operation with ∼38 mA beam current in the linac at 60 Hz with a pulse length of up to ∼1.0 ms. In this work, two important issues associated with the low-energy beam transport are discussed: (1) inconsistent dependence of the post-radio frequency quadrupole accelerator beam current on the ion source tilt angle and (2) high power beam losses on the LEBT electrodes under some off-nominal conditions compromising their reliability.
Detection of adeno-associated virus type 2 in human peripheral blood cells (1992)

The non-pathogenic human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is helper virus-dependent. However, it integrates into the cellular genome in the absence of its helper viruses. Therefore it could become a useful vector for gene therapy. Previous studies and our own results have shown that 40 to 80% of adults are seropositive for AAV and that seroconversion occurs during the first few years of life, but little is known about the route of natural infection with the virus. We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect the AAV-2 genome and identify AAV sequences within peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). We could detect AAV in PBLs of two of 55 healthy blood donors, and two of 16 haemophilic patients. AAV DNA replication and viral protein production in PBLs propagated in tissue culture were also examined. AAV DNA replicated very efficiently in the presence of helper adenovirus, but capsid proteins were produced at a lower level and the yield of infectious virus was very low. Our findings prove that in vivo infection of PBLs occurs, and that PBLs could mediate the spread of AAV infection to different body tissues.
Translation of Diverse Aramid- and 1,3-Dicarbonyl-peptides by Wild Type Ribosomes <i>in Vitro</i> (2019)

Here, we report that wild type <i>Escherichia coli</i> ribosomes accept and elongate precharged initiator tRNAs acylated with multiple benzoic acids, including aramid precursors, as well as malonyl (1,3-dicarbonyl) substrates to generate a diverse set of aramid-peptide and polyketide-peptide hybrid molecules. This work expands the scope of ribozyme- and ribosome-catalyzed chemical transformations, provides a starting point for <i>in vivo</i> translation engineering efforts, and offers an alternative strategy for the biosynthesis of polyketide-peptide natural products.
Distribution of Valves in the Great Saphenous Vein; Its Clinical Implications (1990)

The number and distribution of valves were examined in 26 great saphenous veins. The number of valves per vein ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of 6.7. The valves tended to be concentrated in two segments; one within 10 cm from the sapheno-femoral junction, and the other between 35 cm and 45 cm from the sapheno-femoral junction. More than 55% of the valves were located in these two segments. This fact should be taken into account when obtaining vein segments in graft operations.
Ultra-high throughput detection of single cell <i>β</i>-galactosidase activity in droplets using micro-optical lens array (2013)

We demonstrate the use of a hybrid microfluidic-micro-optical system for the screening of enzymatic activity at the single cell level. <i>Escherichia coli</i> β-galactosidase activity is revealed by a fluorogenic assay in 100 pl droplets. Individual droplets containing cells are screened by measuring their fluorescence signal using a high-speed camera. The measurement is parallelized over 100 channels equipped with microlenses and analyzed by image processing. A reinjection rate of 1 ml of emulsion per minute was reached corresponding to more than 10<sup>5</sup> droplets per second, an analytical throughput larger than those obtained using flow cytometry.
Interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization and decision-making using reference direction method (2007)

In this paper, we borrow the concept of reference direction approach from the multi-criterion decision-making literature and combine it with an EMOprocedure to develop an algorithm for finding a single preferred solution in a multi-objective optimization scenario efficiently. EMO methodologies are adequately used to find a set of representative efficient solutions over the past decade. This study is timely in addressing the issue of optimizing and choosing a single solution using certain preference information. In this approach, the user supplies one or more reference directions in the objective space. The population approach of EMO methodologies is exploited to find a set of efficient solutions corresponding to a number of representative points along the reference direction. By using a utility function, a single solution is chosen for further analysis. This procedure is continued till no further improvement is possible. The working of the procedure is demonstrated on a set of test problems having two to ten objectives and on an engineering design problem. Results are verified with theoretically exact solutions on two-objective test problems.