gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a 140‐kDa activation antigen as a target structure for a series of human cloned natural killer cell lines (1984)

In the present study, we have developed a monoclonal antibody termed anti-TNKTAR, able to block cytotoxicity mediated by a human natural killer (NK) clone termed JT9. Analysis of the functional effects of anti-TNKTAR indicated that alteration of the cytotoxic reactions resulted from the binding of the antibody to the membrane of target cells. In addition, it was shown that inhibition of cytotoxicity induced by anti-TNKTAR could be abolished by lectin approximation. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TNKTAR antigen is a heterodimeric structure which resolves as a single band at 140 kDa under nonreducing conditions and as two bands at approximately 97 kDa and 40 kDa under reducing conditions in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. This heterodimer is present on lymphocytes and monocytes in human peripheral blood and perhaps more importantly, the membrane density of TNKTAR antigen increases very early and strongly following lymphocyte activation. In addition, it was shown that TNKTAR is expressed on each single cultured cell line which has been tested, although the density of the antigen varies strongly from one cell line to another. Even though the 140-kDa molecule was found to be widely distributed on activated cells, anti-TNKTAR had no blocking effects on cytotoxic reactions mediated by a series of either NK or cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones unrelated to JT9. In contrast, anti-TNKTAR blocked, in an identical fashion, cytotoxicity of JT9 and two additional clones, JT10 and JT11, against a series of 8 sensitive targets. JT9, JT10 and JT11 human cloned NK cell lines have been derived from peripheral blood of one individual donor drawn on month 0 (JT9), 12 (JT10) and 18 (JT11). Most importantly, these three clones initially selected for their capacity to kill K562 cells have been found to express the same 90-kDa clonotypic antigen receptor structure (termed NKTa) and display identical specificity when tested against a panel of randomly selected target cell lines. We have previously demonstrated that a unique subset of NK active mature T lymphocytes interact with target cells via 90-kDa clonotypic determinants in a major histocompatibility complex-independent fashion. Taken together, the present data strongly supports the view that a surface antigen of 140 kDa, linked to cell activation, serves as a specific recognition structure at the target cell level for these NK-active T lymphocytes.
Tube an fin assembly exchangers in power plants (1990)

These data are among the first to assess treatment in the outpatient setting since the release of the latest national HF guidelines and to demonstrate substantial variation among cardiology practices in the documented therapies provided to HF patients.
Practical PET Normalization Methods using a Stationary Line Source (2020)

Crystal efficiency normalization is a critical component of the PET image generation chain for the generation of accurate and artifact-free images. Crystal efficiency normalization needs to be performed periodically and is typically performed using a cylinder phantom that covers most of the transaxial FOV and the entire axial FOV. The preparation of big, long and heavy phantoms is challenging, especially as the axial FOVs of PET scanners become increasingly longer to achieve higher sensitivity. One approach to overcome these difficulties is to use a rotating rod source, which effectively mimics a cylinder source with a line source. Such an approach is still somewhat complicated due to the need for a rotating rod. In this work, we propose two practical methods for crystal efficiency normalization using a stationary line source. In these methods, no phantom movement is required and the use of a simple line source is convenient in terms of preparation and storage.
Information theory based design of phase-change memories (2010)

Due to the high device density and the advent of multiple bits per cell, modern nonvolatile memories are characterized by a non-deterministic behavior. We focus on phase-change memory (PCM), whose memory cell can be seen as a programmable resistor, and use information theory tools to investigate how the cell structure influences the storage capacity of this memory technology. In particular, we numerically compute the storage capacity of two known cell structures, i.e., the series cell, and the parallel cell. The results suggest that, in practical scenarios, the parallel cell structure is characterized by significantly larger storage capacity.
Improved method for the direct labeling of antibodies with Tc-99m (1990)

Antibodies and antibody fragments have been treated with stannous chloride or organic reducing agents to reduce disulfide bonds, providing sulfhydryl groups for binding reduced Tc-99m. The reduced antibody, additives and stannous salts are lyophilized. To radiolabel, sodium pertechnetate solution is added, which dissolves the protein and other reagents. The pertechnetate is reduced by the stannous ions and becomes bound to the antibody. After radiolabeling the shelf-life of the product exceeds the half-life of the radionuclide. One of the more effective additives is human serum albumin, which serves as a carrier protein, agent to protect against autoradiolysis and possibly as a transfer ligand. Many different antibodies have been labeled using this method. The most widely studied antibody is an anti-melanoma fragment which has now been used clinically in more than 1000 cases and has been proven effective for the diagnostic localization of melanoma. In summary, a single vial, one step procedure for the direct labeling of antibodies in the presence of human serum albumin has been developed, extensively characterized, and clinically validated. The method is used with murine monoclonal IgG fragments, IgM and human gamma globulin. 4 refs., 10 figs.
Virtual light: digitally-generated lighting for video conferencing applications (2002)

In this paper we discuss a simple method to improve the lighting conditions of a scene or video sequence. We focus on modifying the intensities of existing light sources and on inserting additional virtual lights into a scene. We target video conferencing applications where typical lighting conditions (i e the average office or home environment) are poor. Our model is much simpler and is a departure from approaches such as re-lighting, developed in computer-augmented reality (CAR) where the scene is first reconstructed geometrically by means of computer vision techniques We rely on a well-known illumination equation that takes into account light attenuation, plus lambertian and specular reflection Our first scenario models a 3D space in which the image or video frame lies on a 2D plane. Virtual lights are placed in the 3D space and illuminate the 2D image We then propose a refined model for talking head video sequences where the talking head is detected, tracked and its surface is modeled with a 3D ellipsoid. Results show that convincing lighting improvements can be achieved in both scenarios.
Crystallization of Zeolite A Coatings from Natural Zeolite (2016)

An investigation was carried out to determine the possibility of preparing coatings of synthetic zeolites on stainless steel from mixtures containing natural zeolite. Hydrothermal synthesis was applied and the coatings obtained were characterized by various techniques. It was observed that crystalline zeolite A coatings could be prepared from natural clinoptilolite, which provided the silica necessary for zeolite synthesis in the alkaline reaction mixture containing alumina. Zeolite coating formation was affected by synthesis conditions, such as temperature, time, alkalinity, and alumina content of the reaction mixture. The involvement of two simultaneous processes, namely, dissolution/transformation of clinoptilolite in the mixture and reaction on the substrate by the help of dissolved reagents, presents a new approach for zeolite coating preparation. This method may especially provide a means for more economical mass-scale production of zeolite coatings since the synthetic reagents may be replaced with much cheaper natural resources.
Fullerene formation during production of chemical vapor deposited diamond (1995)

We report a novel method for fullerene formation during diamond synthesis via a hot filament, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedure. The fullerenes occur in the soot that forms as a by-product on the edges and rear surface of the substrate holder, where the temperature does not favor diamond deposition. Mass spectrometry of the soot shows a peak having a mass to charge ratio corresponding to C60. From typical concentrations of gaseous species in the diamond-growing CVD chamber, we conclude that hydrocarbon species such as CH3 or C2H2 may be the precursors for the fullerene in the CVD chamber. The atomic hydrogen in the gaseous species is believed to play an important role in removing the hydrogen from hydrocarbon to form the all-carbon fullerene. Our observations also suggest that fullerenes produced in the CVD diamond growth chamber play a role in diamond nucleation on foreign substrates.
Effect of storage conditions on cellulose nanocrystal stability (2014)

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have evolved from a laboratory curiosity to an industrial material manufactured at a scale of up to 1 ton/day. Such large quantities of CNCs will inevitably be stored for different lengths of time before shipping and use. The chemical and physical stability of CNCs during long-term storage under various conditions was monitored. As-produced acidic H-CNCs and neutral salt form Na-CNCs were stored at ambient temperature and at 4°C as never-dried suspensions, and as a freeze-dried solid in the case of Na-CNCs. A variety of parameters were measured at intervals during the storage period. The CNC sulfate half-ester content, the cellulose chain length, and the unique optical properties of CNC films were of particular interest. Changes in these parameters were analyzed to determine the kinetics of long-term CNC degradation and establish the shelf-life of CNCs under different storage conditions.
Selenocysteine confers the biochemical properties characteristic of the type I iodothyronine deiodinase (1991)

The conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is the first step in thyroid hormone action, and the Type I iodothyronine deiodinase supplies most of this extrathyroidal T3 in the rat. We found that the cDNA coding for this enzyme contains an in-frame UGA encoding the rare amino acid selenocysteine. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have converted selenocysteine to cysteine and expressed the wild-type and cysteine mutant enzymes in JEG-3 cells by transient transfection. The kinetic properties of the transiently expressed wild-type enzyme are nearly identical to those reported for rat liver Type I deiodinase. Substitution of sulfur for selenium causes a 10-fold increase in the Km of the enzyme for the favored substrate 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), a 100-fold decrease in the sensitivity of rT3 deiodination to competitive inhibition by gold and a 300-fold increase in the apparent Ki for uncompetitive inhibition by 6-n-propylthiouracil. These results demonstrate that selenium is responsible for the biochemical properties which characterize Type I iodothyronine monodeiodination.
Toughening Behavior in Sic‐Whisker‐Reinforced Alumina (1984)

The development of hot‐pressed Sic‐whisker‐reinforced alumina has resulted in composites with fracture toughness values ∼;8.7 MPa·m 112 at 20 vol% SiC. Whisker orientation during processing leads to anisotropy in both fracture toughness and fracture strength. Fracture strengths are also limited by the ability to disperse the Sic whiskers; however, use of both fine alumina powders and ultrasonic dispersion techniques yields strengths ∼;800 MPa.
Porous Semiconducting Gels and Aerogels from Chalcogenide Clusters (2007)

Inorganic porous materials are being developed for use as molecular sieves, ion exchangers, and catalysts, but most are oxides. We show that various sulfide and selenide clusters, when bound to metal ions, yield gels having porous frameworks. These gels are transformed to aerogels after supercritical drying with carbon dioxide. The aerogels have high internal surface area (up to 327 square meters per gram) and broad pore size distribution, depending on the precursors used. The pores of these sulfide and selenide materials preferentially absorb heavy metals. These materials have narrow energy gaps (between 0.2 and 2.0 electron volts) and low densities, and they may be useful in optoelectronics, as photocatalysts, or in the removal of heavy metals from water.
Use of depth information from in-depth photon counting detectors for x-ray spectral imaging: a preliminary simulation study (2014)

<strong>Purpose:</strong> Photon counting x-ray detectors (PCXD) may improve dose-efficiency but are hampered by limited count rate. They generally have imperfect energy response. Multi-layer ("in-depth") detectors have been proposed to enable higher count rates but the potential benefit of the depth information has not been explored. We conducted a simulation study to compare in-depth detectors against single layer detectors composed of common materials. Both photon counting and energy integrating modes were studied. <strong>Methods:</strong> Polyenergetic transmissions were simulated through 25cm of water and 1cm of calcium. For PCXD composed of Si, GaAs or CdTe a 120kVp spectrum was used. For energy integrating x-ray detectors (EIXD) made from GaAs, CdTe or CsI, spectral imaging was done using 80 and 140kVp and matched dose. Semi-ideal and phenomenological energy response models were used. To compare these detectors, we computed the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the variance of basis material estimates.<strong> Results:</strong> For PCXDs with perfect energy response, depth data provides no additional information. For PCXDs with imperfect energy response and for EIXDs the improvement can be significant. E.g., for a CdTe PCXD with realistic energy response, depth information can reduce the variance by ~50%. The improvement depends on the x-ray spectrum. For a semi-ideal Si detector and a narrow x-ray spectrum the depth information has minimal advantage. For EIXD, the in-depth detector has consistent variance reduction (15% and 17%~19% for water and calcium, respectively). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Depth information is beneficial to spectral imaging for both PCXD and EIXD. The improvement depends critically on the detector energy response.
Introduction of a Carbohydrate Moiety into the Structure of Thiourea Compounds Targeting HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2003)

Abstract We developed a novel approach to introduce a carbohydrate moiety into the structure of thiourea compounds targeting the NNI binding pocket of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The described method involves the synthesis of an amino-substituted carbohydrate moiety which is then condensed with various thiocarbonylimidazole derivatives of substituted aromatic amines.
Location of the <i>Trans</i> -Activating Region on the Genome of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III (1985)

The retrovirus involved in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HTLV-III/LAV) contains a region that is necessary for stimulation of gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat. This region is located between nucleotides 5365 and 5607, immediately 5' to the envelope gene. A doubly-spliced message containing this region could encode an 86-amino acid protein with structural features similar to those of nucleic acid-binding proteins.
Changes in Concentration of Volatile Sulphur Compounds of Mouth Air during the Menstrual Cycle (1978)

Five female subjects were studied to determine the applicability of volatile sulphur analysis of mouth air to monitor chemical, cytological and physiological changes observed during the menstrual cycle. Volatile sulphur results were compiled over twelve ovulatory cycles derived from two or three consecutive cycles from each subject. The results of mouth air evaluations were compared with concurrently determined levels of hormones in blood serum and organic metabolites in vaginal secretions. Distinct cyclic variations were observed in concentrations of all three volatile sulphur components (hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide) of mouth air. There was a definite overall trend for the compounds to increase two- to four-fold immediately around mid-cycle and menstruation as well as during mid-proliferative and mid-luteal phases of each menstrual cycle. In those cycles in which hormonal profiles were obtained, the increase in volatile sulphur content closely coincided with the mid-cycle surge in luteinizing hormone, while the peak during the mid-luteal phase corresponded to a period of maximum level of progesterone and elevated oestrogens. The concentrations of lactic acid and urea in vaginal secretions also underwent cyclic changes analogous to those described for volatile sulphur components of mouth air. The occurrence of malodourous concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan immediately around menses in most of the cycles studied satisfactorily accounts for the reported incidence of breath malodour observed during this time.
Establishment and Persistence of Steinernema scapterisci (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Field Populations of Scapteriscus spp. Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) (1993)

The first successful inoculative releases of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, for the control of exotic pests, Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets, were made at three pasture sites in Alachua County, Florida in 1985. Based on the evaluation of field-collected crickets, the nematode was established at all sites and persisted for over 5 years. Mean yearly percentage of infected crickets ranged from 0 to 21.4% for individual release sites. Mean adult infection level for all years combined, 10.9%, was significantly greater than that for nymphs (2.5%) and infection levels for Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos, 12.7%, was significantly greater than that for Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder (4.5%) for all years combined. Although 24 h trap catch results indicate mole cricket populations were significantly reduced, the nematode's effect on pest abundance could not be adequately assessed because of the variation in trap catch results and inadequate knowledge about the relationship between trap catch and the mole cricket field populations being sampled. Despite inadequacies in estimating pest abundance, the results indicate S. scapterisci has potential as a biological control agent for pest mole crickets in the genus Scapteriscus.
New ligands double the scope of the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTNew ligands double the scope of the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefinsK. Barry Sharpless, Willi Amberg, Matthias Beller, Hou Chen, Jens Hartung, Yasuhiro Kawanami, Doris Lubben, Eric Manoury, Yasukazu Ogino, Tomoyuki Shibata, and Tatsuzo UkitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 15, 4585–4588Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 1991Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00015a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00015a001research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2098Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Generation in CdSiP2 Crystal Pumped by 8-ns Long Pulses at 1064 nm (2012)

A 21.4-mm-long non-critically cut CdSiP2 crystal, pumped by 8-ns pulses at 1064 nm in a double-pass configuration for pump, signal and idler generated 523 µJ, 5.8-ns idler pulses at 6.125 µm and 100 Hz.
Biodegradation of bisphenol A and other bisphenols by a gram-negative aerobic bacterium (1992)

A novel bacterium designated strain MV1 was isolated from a sludge enrichment taken from the wastewater treatment plant at a plastics manufacturing facility and shown to degrade 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol or bisphenol A). Strain MV1 is a gram-negative, aerobic bacillus that grows on bisphenol A as a sole source of carbon and energy. Total carbon analysis for bisphenol A degradation demonstrated that 60% of the carbon was mineralized to CO2, 20% was associated with the bacterial cells, and 20% was converted to soluble organic compounds. Metabolic intermediates detected in the culture medium during growth on bisphenol A were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol. Most of the bisphenol A degraded by strain MV1 is cleaved in some way to form 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxyacetophenone, which are subsequently mineralized or assimilated into cell carbon. In addition, about 20% of the bisphenol A is hydroxylated to form 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, which is slowly biotransformed to 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol. Cells that were grown on bisphenol A degraded a variety of bisphenol alkanes, hydroxylated benzoic acids, and hydroxylated acetophenones during resting-cell assays. Transmission electron microscopy of cells grown on bisphenol A revealed lipid storage granules and intracytoplasmic membranes.