gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineral/microfibrillated cellulose composite materials: High performance products, applications, and product forms (2018)

When pulp and minerals are co-processed in aqueous suspension, the mineral acts as a grinding aid, facilitating the cost-effective production of fibrils. Furthermore, this processing allows the utilization of robust industrial milling equipment. There are 40000 dry metric tons of mineral/microfbrillated (MFC) cellulose composite production capacity in operation across three continents. These mineral/MFC products have been cleared by the FDA for use as a dry and wet strength agent in coated and uncoated food contact paper and paperboard applications. We have previously reported that use of these mineral/MFC composite materials in fiber-based applications allows generally improved wet and dry mechanical properties with concomitant opportunities for cost savings, property improvements, or grade developments and that the materials can be prepared using a range of fibers and minerals. Here, we: (1) report the development of new products that offer improved performance, (2) compare the performance of these new materials with that of a range of other nanocellulosic material types, (3) illustrate the performance of these new materials in reinforcement (paper and board) and viscosification applications, and (4) discuss product form requirements for different applications.
An efficient YCgCo-based image compression algorithm for capsule endoscopy (2011)

An efficient YCgCo color space based image compression algorithm for the capsule endoscopy application is presented in this paper. The algorithm is developed taking the advantage of the special characteristics of the endoscopic images and the energy compaction capabilities of the YCgCo color plane. The compression scheme provides high reconstruction image quality (PSNR of over 52dB) and competitive compression ratio (over 80%). The algorithm uses integer-based forward transform followed by a simple implementation-friendly quantization stage that requires less hardware cost, and thus is suitable for power limited wireless capsule endoscope systems.
Rapid detection of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy (2007)

We demonstrate the application of CARS microscopy for the rapid, label-free detection of water-borne pathogen, Cryptosporidium parvum at the single oocyst level. Polarization sensitivity in E-CARS images can be used to positively identify the oocysts.
Ultrasound in the radiotherapy planning process (2021)

In chapter 5 the role of ultrasound in the first stage of the radiotherapy workflow, planning, is introduced: it can be used to identify the anatomical structures important for radiotherapy planning, in particular the treatment target. Practical challenges are highlighted, for example, how to acquire the simulation CT scan with the ultrasound probe in place avoiding CT imaging artefacts that would compromise the planning process.
High-energy pulse compression to the single-cycle regime in quadratic media (2006)

Recent advances in pulse compression in quadratic media will be reviewed, with an emphasis on compression to the few-cycle regime using only a quadratic nonlinear crystal.
An electrochemically driven poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic actuator: oxygen sensing and programmable flows and pH gradients (2005)

We describe the fabrication and performance of an integrated microelectrochemical reactor-a design possessing utility for multiple applications that include electrochemical sensing, the generation and manipulation of in-channel microfluidic pH gradients, and fluid actuation and flow. The device architecture is based on a three-electrode electrochemical cell design that incorporates a Pt interdigitated array (IDA) working (WE), a Pt counter (CE), and Ag pseudo-reference (RE) electrodes within a microfluidic network in which the WE is fully immersed in a liquid electrolyte confined in the channels. The microchannels are made from a conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) elastomer, which serves also as a thin gas-permeable membrane through which gaseous reactants in the external ambient environment are supplied to the working electrode by diffusion. Due to the high permeability of oxygen through PDMS, the microfluidic cell supports significantly (>order of magnitude) higher current densities in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than those measured in conventional (quiescent) electrochemical cells for the same electrode areas. We demonstrate in this work that, when operated at constant potential under mass transport control, the device can be utilized as a membrane-covered oxygen sensor, the response of which can be tuned by varying the thickness of the PDMS membrane. Depending on the experimental conditions under which the electrochemical ORR is performed, the data establish that the device can be operated as both a programmable pH gradient generator and a microfluidic pump.
Mouse Cornea Transfected With Plasmid Containing Interferon-b Transgene is Superior to Other Type I Interferon Transgenes in Antagonizing Viral-Medicated Mortality (2002)

Purpose:To compare the anti-viral efficacy of type I interferon (IFN) plasmid cassettes against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. \n\nMethods:Plasmid constructs containing type I IFN transgenes (575-626 base pairs) including (IFN-a1, -a4, -a5, -a6, -a9, or -b) were expressed under the control of a human CMV immediate-early enhancer/promotor. The plasmids (100 ug/eye) were topically applied to mouse corneas 24 h prior to infection with HSV-1 (McKrae strain, 240 pfu/eye). Mice were assessed for cumulative survival. In a separate experiment, mouse cornea was transfected with either the IFN-a6 or IFN-b transgene and assessed for STAT-1, IFN-inducible gene (OAS and PKR), and viral gene expression by Western blot analysis and real time PCR 24 h following in situ transfection or 24 h post infection. \n\nResults:Recipients of the murine IFN-b or IFN-a1 transgene showed the greatest degree of protection against HSV-1-mediated mortality compared to recipients of other type I IFN transgenes and significantly (p<.05) above the null vector and IFN-a5 and IFN-a6 transgene-treated mice. Interestingly, the IFN-a6 transgene induced similar levels of STAT1 and IFN-inducible gene expression in the cornea as recipients of the IFN-b transgene prior to and 24 h following infection with HSV-1. However, cornea transfected with the IFN-b transgene but not the IFN-a6 showed a significant (3-10 fold) reduction in HSV-1 immediate early (ICP27) and early (TK) gene expression in the cornea 24 h post infection. \n\nConclusion:The IFN-b transgene topically applied to the cornea of mice 24 h prior to HSV-1 infection protect against viral-mediated mortality by antagonizing HSV-1 immediate early and early gene expression through PKR and OAS independent pathways that may or may not involve STAT-1 expression.
An amino-terminal domain of the growth-associated protein gap-43 mediates its effects on filopodial formation and cell spreading (1994)

GAP-43 is a neuronal protein that is believed to be important to neuronal growth and nerve terminal plasticity. It is enriched on the inner surface of growth cone membranes, a localization that may depend upon palmitoylation of Cys3 and Cys4. It is a major substrate for protein kinase C, which phosphorylates Ser41. Isolated GAP-43 can bind to actin and to calmodulin, and can activate the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, G(o) and Gi. A peptide consisting of the GAP-43 sequence 39-55 binds calmodulin, and an amino-terminal GAP-43 (1-10) peptide activates G(o), suggesting that these stretches may be functional domains of the intact protein. When expressed in non-neuronal cells, GAP-43 enhances filopodial extension and has effects upon cell spreading. We have examined the effects of various GAP-43 domains upon this assay, by expression of GAP-43, GAP-43 mutant proteins, and GAP-43-CAT fusion proteins in COS-7 cells. We find that the amino terminus (Met-Leu-Cys-Cys-Met-Arg-Arg-Thr-Lys-Gln) is an important contributor to these effects on cell shape. A GAP-43 protein mutant in Cys3 and Cys4 does not bind to the membrane, and is inactive. Mutants in Arg6 or Lys9 also are inactive, although they remain localized to particulate fractions; Arg7 mutants are active. A chimeric gene consisting of GAP-43 (1-10) fused to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) also causes cell shape changes. As for GAP-43, the effects of this fusion protein are abolished by mutations of Cys3, Cys4, Arg6 or Lys9, but not by mutation of Arg7. Therefore, the cell surface activity of transfected GAP-43 depends upon its amino terminus, although other domains may regulate it in this regard. Since the amino-terminal domain includes the peptide stretch known to be capable of activating G(o) and Gi, we examined the effect of GAP-43 on a Gi-regulated second messenger system, the inhibition of cAMP production in A431 cells. A431 cells stably transfected with GAP-43 spread less well than do controls. In addition, they evidence decreased levels of forskolin-stimulated cAMP, consistent with chronic stimulation of Gi. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol reverses the GAP-43-induced changes in cell shape. This suggests that G protein stimulation is involved in GAP-43 effects upon cell shape.
Traction Inverter that Applies Hybrid Module Using 3‐kV SiC‐SBDs and High‐Speed Drive Circuit (2016)

SUMMARY We have developed a prototype of a 3 kV/200 A SiC hybrid module, which is equipped with Si IGBTs and SiC Schottky barrier diodes. We achieved a reduction in the recovery loss and turn‐on loss by using an SiC hybrid module and decreasing the turn‐on time by lowering the gate resistance. Moreover, we estimated that the total energy loss in the converter and inverter was reduced to approximately 30% by using the developed SiC hybrid module. Additionally, the inverter succeeded in driving an induction motor for a train.
Inductive Non-Contact Position Sensor (2010)

Optical hardware has been developed to measure the depth of defects in the Space Shuttle Orbiter's windows. In this hardware, a mirror is translated such that its position corresponds to the defect's depth, so the depth measurement problem is transferred to a mirror-position measurement problem. This is preferable because the mirror is internal to the optical system and thus accessible. Based on requirements supplied by the window inspectors, the depth of the defects needs to be measured over a range of 200 microns with a resolution of about 100 nm and an accuracy of about 400 nm. These same requirements then apply to measuring the position of the mirror, and in addition, since this is a scanning system, a response time of about 10 ms is needed. A market search was conducted and no sensor that met these requirements that also fit into the available housing volume (less than one cubic inch) was found, so a novel sensor configuration was constructed to meet the requirements. This new sensor generates a nearly linearly varying magnetic field over a small region of space, which can easily be sampled, resulting in a voltage proportional to position. Experiments were done with a range of inductor values, drive voltages, drive frequencies, and inductor shapes. A rough mathematical model was developed for the device that, in most aspects, describes how it operates and what electrical parameters should be chosen for best performance. The final configuration met all the requirements, yielding a small rugged sensor that was easy to use and had nanometer resolution over more than the 200-micron range required. The inductive position sensor is a compact device (potentially as small as 2 cubic centimeters), which offers nanometer-position resolution over a demonstrated range of nearly 1 mm. One of its advantages is the simplicity of its electrical design. Also, the sensor resolution is nearly uniform across its operational range, which is in contrast to eddy current and capacitive sensors whose sensitivity is dependent upon position.
Handling scene constraints for pose-based caching (2017)

This paper presents a conservative, uniform method for handling scene constraints, such as look at and parent, in a pose-based caching system. The constraints are organized into a dependency graph where nodes represent the control caches of a rig, and directed arcs link the rigs to specific control caches. For any animation update, the dependency graph indicates which cache to clear and which other rigs to subsequently update. This method supports pre-evaluation, avoids expensive state tracking, and is easy to implement. The result is a seamless experience that works with all types of constraints while preserving real-time performance.
Performance and Use of a Ribonucleotide Reductase Herpes Simplex Virus Type-Specific Serological Assay (2004)

In response to the increasingly evident need for herpes simplex virus (HSV) serotype-specific serologic assays that rely on proteins other than glycoprotein-G (gG), we developed a rapid serologic assay that is based on type-specific epitopes within the large subunit of HSV ribonucleotide reductase (R1). The assay (Au-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) uses an HSV type 2 (HSV-2) R1 peptide antigen. It provides a reliable method for detecting serotype-specific antibody to a protein other than gG-2. The Au-2 ELISA has high sensitivity and specificity as determined by direct comparison to Western blotting, a widely accepted "gold standard," and to ELISA with an HSV-1 R1 peptide (Au-1). The use of the Au-2 ELISA in conjunction with the gG-2-based assays will improve the sensitivity and specificity of serologic diagnosis and patient management.
Drying on the Board- and Boxed Heart Squares-larch Lumbers within an Opaque Solar Drying House Covered by a Composite Surface (2014)

Two sorts of lumber drying house covered by a composite surface consisting of three layer transparent films and a carbon-fibre sheet (CF-sheet; looks like a semi-opaque) were invented and developed. One of them was built in Ashoro-cho, the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan (the first proving site), and the other was built in Asahikawa-shi, the central part of Hokkaido (the second proving site). The dimension of each drying houses is a frontage of 4.5 m, depth of 5.0 m and height of 3.4 m (the 1st site) and the same frontage and depth as the former, but height of 3.8 m (the 2nd site), respectively. Two types of models of the drying house (East-West type and South-North-type) were desinged. The former is shaped like a half Quonset hut and the latter a just Quonset hut. All of the surfaces including the roof and walls except for a north wall of both models are covered by a composite surface. The composite surface is specially consisted by a triple transparent film from upper side and a CF-sheet to bottom side between which there are a few space of air layers. As a result of mutual effect of a spectral radiation properties of the films and the CF-sheet, a total solar radiation incident upon the drying house with cubic body composed of multi-surface from all the sky globally, can be collected into the house as solar rays volumetrically, converted into infrared radiation and trapped inside the drying house as solar heat passively, without any electric power. Moreover, the moist air inside the house being evaporated when drying green lumber can be naturally exhausted through two insulated cylinders (chimney) outside the drying house according to a principle of the thermo-siphon. From these reasons, “An opaque solar lumber drying house covered by a composite surface consisting of a triple-transparent film and a CF-sheet” could be called “A fully passive solar lumber drying house” in other word. In this paper, after explained the principle of drying mechanism due to solar radiation and heat rays, the experimental procedures and the results at the proving test, on a board-larch lumber at the 1st proving site and a boxed heart squares-larch lumber for pillar material at the 2nd proving site, were described and discussed thoroughly.
Optical evidence for lack of polarization in (112¯0) oriented GaN∕(AlGa)N quantum structures (2005)

We apply continuous and time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy for studying GaN∕AlGaN multiquantum wells structures grown on nonpolar a-plane GaN templates. We found that (a) the energy of the emission from the nonpolar samples decreases slightly with the quantum well width, in a manner explained by the quantum size effect only; (b) the energy differences between the absorption and the emission peaks are independent of the well width; and (c) the decay time of the photoluminescence is only slightly dependent on the quantum well width and is quite similar to that of bulk GaN. These observations are markedly different from measurements obtained from conventional polar [0001] oriented quantum well samples. They clearly demonstrate the absence of an electric field in the nonpolar samples. Our observations are favorably compared with an eight bands k∙P model calculations.
Polymerized phospholipid membrane mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized phospholipid membrane mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticlesMichael A. Markowitz, Gan-Moog Chow, and Alok SinghCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 11, 4095–4102Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00023a032https://doi.org/10.1021/la00023a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hardware Support for Navigating Large Digital Documents (2009)

Abstract CitationBuxton and Myers (1986) compared a specialized document navigation device and a scrollbar. Their device tracked finger movements along two touch-sensitive areas: one for absolute movement and one for relative movement. They found that their system was faster when navigating a 5-page document. We identified finger-tracking issues with the Buxton and Myers device for larger documents (100 pages) and developed an alternative device employing a range sensor and rotary encoder to track finger movement. We ran a new experiment comparing the traditional scrollbar, the Buxton and Myers design, and our new design. Both the Buxton and Myers design and our new design were poorly received by users compared to the scrollbar. Our results indicate that in a large document, factors beyond finger tracking accuracy influence the performance of a device providing absolute movement. From these results, we identify possible improvements necessary to implement effective and practical absolute navigation devices. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant IIS-0414699. We thank Andy Cockburn for graciously providing us with the source of his document visualization system and John Stasko for his help and support. Corinna Lockenhoff provided extensive feedback on our experimental design. Ben Bederson provided many useful comments. Lastly, Bill Pugh and Bobby Bhatacharjee were integral in our securing the 3D printer used for building the devices.
Creation of the first anomeric <scp>d</scp> / <scp>l</scp> -sugar kinase by means of directed evolution (2003)

Chemoenzymatic routes toward complex glycoconjugates often depend on the availability of sugar-1-phosphates. Yet the chemical synthesis of these vital components is often tedious, whereas natural enzymes capable of anomeric phosphorylation are known to be specific for one or only a few monosaccharides. Herein we describe the application of directed evolution and a high-throughput multisugar colorimetric screen to enhance the catalytic capabilities of the Escherichia coli galactokinase GalK. From this approach, one particular GalK mutant carrying a single amino acid exchange (Y371H) displayed a surprisingly substantial degree of kinase activity toward sugars as diverse as d -galacturonic acid, d -talose, l -altrose, and l -glucose, all of which failed as wild-type GalK substrates. Furthermore, this mutant provides enhanced turnover of the small pool of sugars converted by the wild-type enzyme. Comparison of this mutation to the recently solved structure of Lactococcus lactis GalK begins to provide a blueprint for further engineering of this vital class of enzyme. In addition, the rapid access to such promiscuous sugar C-1 kinases will significantly enhance accessibility to natural and unnatural sugar-1-phosphates and thereby impact both in vitro and in vivo glycosylation methodologies, such as natural product glycorandomization.
Assessing face and speech consistency for monologue detection in video (2002)

This paper considers schemes for determining which of a set of faces on screen, if any, is producing speech in a video soundtrack. Whilst motivated by the TREC 2002 (Video Retrieval Track) monologue detection task, the schemes are also applicable to voice and face-based biometrics systems, for assessing lip synchronization quality in movie editing and computer animation, and for speaker localization in video. Several approaches are discussed: two implementations of a generic mutual-information-based measure of the degree of synchrony between signals, which can be used with or without prior speech and face detection, and a stronger model-based scheme which follows speech and face detection with an assessment of face and lip movement plausibility. Schemes are compared on a corpus of 1016 test cases containing multiple faces and multiple speakers, a test set 200 times larger than the nearest comparable test set of which we are aware. The most successful and computationally cheapest scheme obtains an accuracy of 82% on the task of picking the "consistent" speaker from a set including three confusers. A final experiment demonstrates the potential utility of the scheme for speaker localization in video.
Metabolite Responsive Nanoparticle–Protein Complex (2019)

Stimuli-responsive polymers are an efficient means of targeted therapy. Compared to conventional agents, they increase bioavailability and efficacy. In particular, polymer hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs) can be designed to respond when exposed to a specific environmental stimulus such as pH or temperature. However, targeting a specific metabolite as the trigger for stimuli response could further elevate selectivity and create a new class of bioresponsive materials. In this work we describe an N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) NP that responds to a specific metabolite, characteristic of a hypoxic environment found in cancerous tumors. NIPAm NPs were synthesized by copolymerization with an oxamate derivative, a known inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The oxamate-functionalized NPs (OxNP) efficiently sequestered LDH to produce an OxNP-protein complex. When exposed to elevated concentrations of lactic acid, a substrate of LDH and a metabolite characteristic of hypoxic tumor microenvironments, OxNP-LDH complexes swelled (65%). The OxNP-LDH complexes were not responsive to structurally related small molecules. This work demonstrates a proof of concept for tuning NP responsiveness by conjugation with a key protein to target a specific metabolite of disease.