gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Structures: Meaning Formation amid China’s New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (2017)

The culture-centered approach (CCA) foregrounds meanings from the margins as entry points for interrogating structures of health care. Through a culturally centered ethnographic examination of the ways in which family members left behind in a village in China make sense of their (in)access to health services, we seek to develop an understanding of China’s new rural cooperative medical scheme (NCMS). Although structures have been theorized in earlier CCA projects, this article specifically focuses on the interpretations of health services under a newly introduced health policy framework. To our knowledge, this is the first culture-centered study of negotiations of health services in rural China amid the ongoing health reforms as China opens up to a global market economy and undergoes market reforms in the public sectors (e.g., health, education). Voices of community members point toward the inequities constituted in the structures of NCMS, corruption introduced by the transformation to a monetary economy from a cooperative-based economy of health care, and agentic expressions that imagine alternative structures of organizing health and care.
On the Role of Statistical Weighting in the Least-Squares Analysis of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Data (2000)

Spectrophotometric data are inherently heteroscedastic, which means that least-squares component analyses of absorbance spectra should properly employ weighted fits. The effects of neglecting weights (the common practice) is examined through Monte Carlo calculations on a three-peak model having two closely overlapping components of comparable strength and a third component that appears as a weak shoulder. The results show statistically significant loss of precision in all parameters; however the magnitude of this loss is ≤30% for realistic conditions. For comparison, experimental spectra of I 2 in CCl 4 (which was the basis for the Monte Carlo test model) are similarly analyzed. These results suggest that model inadequacy is likely to be a greater practical problem than neglect of weights, because the great precision of spectrophotometric data places extreme demands on the fit model. In the present instance, for example, incorporation of a correction term for the sinusoidal error in the spectrometer wavelength significantly reduces the fit chi-square.
Antibodies to<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Glycosylphosphatidylinositols: Inverse Association with Tolerance of Parasitemia in Papua New Guinean Children and Adults (2002)

Individuals living in regions of intense malaria transmission exhibit natural immunity that facilitates persistence of parasitemia at controlled densities for much of the time without symptoms. This aspect of immunity has been referred to as malarial "tolerance" and is thought to partly involve inhibition of the chain of events initiated by a parasite toxin(s) that may otherwise result in cytokine release and symptoms such as fever. Antibodies to the candidate Plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) toxin have been viewed as likely mediators of such tolerance. In this study, the relationship between antibodies to P. falciparum GPIs, age, and parasitemia was determined in asymptomatic children and adults living in Madang, Papua New Guinea. The prevalence and intensity of antibody responses increased with age and were lowest in children 1 to 4 years old with the highest-density parasitemias. In children of this age group who were tolerant of parasitemia during the study, only 8.3% had detectable immunoglobulin G (IgG) and none had IgM antibodies to GPI. This suggests that anti-GPI antibodies are unlikely to be the sole mediator of malarial tolerance, especially in children younger than 5 years. Following antimalarial treatment, clearance of parasitemia led to a fall in anti-GPI IgG response in children and adolescents within 6 weeks. As anti-GPI antibodies potentially play a role in protecting against disease progression, our results caution against the treatment of asymptomatic parasitemia and suggest that generation of a sustained antibody response in children poses a challenge to novel antitoxic vaccination strategies.
Trimethylsilylmethyllithium: A novel initiator for the anionic polymerization of cyclosiloxanes and vinyl monomers (1994)

Abstract Trimethylsilylmethyllithium has been successfully used for the ring opening polymerization of cyclosiloxanes, in toluene or in the bulk, with the [211] cryptand or DMSO as promoters. Initiation reaction has been followed by 1 H, 13 C, 29 Si and 7 Li NMR in the case of D3 and D4 polymerizations. Suitable conditions have been found in which monomodal distributions of molecular weights of polysiloxanes are observed even in the case of D4 and 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane homopolymerizations and copolymerizations. This organolithium compound can also initiate the anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers such as butadiene, styrene and MMA.
Spectral light management for solar energy conversion systems (2016)

Abstract Due to the inherent broadband nature of the solar radiation, combined with the narrow spectral sensitivity range of direct solar to electricity devices, there is a massive opportunity to manipulate the solar spectrum to increase the functionality and efficiency of solar energy conversion devices. Spectral splitting or manipulation facilitates the efficient combination of both high‐temperature solar thermal systems, which can absorb over the entire solar spectrum to create heat, and photovoltaic cells, which only convert a range of wavelengths to electricity. It has only recently been possible, with the development of nanofabrication techniques, to integrate micro‐ and nano‐photonic structures as spectrum splitters/manipulators into solar energy conversion devices. In this paper, we summarize the recent developments in beam splitting techniques, and highlight some relevant applications including combined PV‐thermal collectors and efficient algae production, and suggest paths for future development in this field.
A vision-based navigation method for eVTOL final approach in urban air mobility(UAM) (2020)

Urban air mobility(UAM) is an emerging way of air transportation by using self-pilot electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles to transport people and cargo in an urban area. The final approach is the critical stage in the operation. Accurate location information and vertical height guidance are needed in this stage. In addition to the common GNSS/INS integrated navigation system, this work proposes an independent vision-based method to provide redundant location information in the final approach for eVTOL vehicles. The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of the visual method is within 1.5 meters when the vehicles are no more than 25 meters away from the reference place.
A Study on Combustion Characteristic of Sponge Type Sound-absorbing Materials (2011)

This paper studied combustion characteristics of the sponge type sound-absorbing materials extensively used on building interior. To estimate of the combustion characteristics, we carried out combustion experiment of general type and incombustibility type sound-absorbing materials. And then to evaluate the suitability of the sponge type sound-absorbing materials, we measured heat release rate (HRR) and smoke density (Ds) of the sound-absorbing materials using by a cone-calorimeter. From the combustion experimental results, general type sound-absorbing materials were rapid burned simultaneously with ignition and the incombustibility type sound-absorbing materials had all gone out simultaneously with ignition. Measured results of HRR and Ds were not satisfied KS F ISO 5660-1 and IMO FTP Code, form the results, the sponge type sound-absorbing materials were ill-suited for using building interior.
Alleviation of pain with the use of Farabloc, an electromagnetic shield: (2001)

Objective: Review the research on the alleviation of pain by Farabloc, a fabric with electromagnetic shielding properties. Data source and selection: Review the results of two studies on the efficacy of Farabloc on phantom limb pain and delayed onset muscle soreness in human subjects: Conine TA, Hershler C, Alexander SA, et al. The efficacy of Farabloc in the treatment of phantom limb pain. Can J Rehab 1993;6:155. Zhang J, Clement DB, Taunton JE. The efficacy of Farabloc, an electromagnetic shield in attenuating delayed onset muscle soreness. Clin J Sport Med 2000;10:15-21. Main results: The placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study demonstrated reduced phantom limb pain when using double layers of Farabloc covering the stump of the amputated limb. The placebocontrolled single-blind cross-over study on delayed onset muscle soreness demonstrated reduced pain, less loss of muscle strength, and reduced blood markers of inflammation. Conclusion: Farabloc fabric, which is demonstrated to have electromagnetic shielding properties when covering the stump of an amputated limb or when wrapped around the thigh muscle perturbed by delayed onset muscle soreness, significantly reduces pain in human subjects.
Recent advances in the discovery of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists. (2006)

In recent years, obesity therapy has become a major focus of pharmaceutical research. The worldwide market for obesity therapeutics has increased dramatically over tile past decade, and obesity has been linked with numerous co-morbidities. Tile discovery of the role of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the regulation of energy homeostasis has attracted tile interest of several research groups worldwide. In conjunction with energy balance, a growing body of evidence suggests that MCH is also involved in the regulation of certain types of behavior, including anxiety and depression. Major developments in tile discovery of MCH receptor antagonists over tile past year, including the demonstration of oral efficacy in several rodent models for the treatment of obesity, as well as depression and anxiety, will be highlighted in this review.
An RF-Primed All-Halogen Gas Plasma Microwave High-Power Receiver Protector (1982)

A new type of keepalive for gaseous hybrid waveguide receiver protectors is shown to provide reliable and reproducible power limiting. The design allows halogen gases to be used in place of conventional gasfills, resulting in extremely fast recovery periods independent of duty cycle over a wide range. Recovery periods less than 100 ns were measured at incident power levels of 200-W peak at X-band frequencies using duty cycles up to 0.5.
Graph stream algorithms (2014)

Over the last decade, there has been considerable interest in designing algorithms for processing massive graphs in the data stream model. The original motivation was two-fold: a) in many applications, the dynamic graphs that arise are too large to be stored in the main memory of a single machine and b) considering graph problems yields new insights into the complexity of stream computation. However, the techniques developed in this area are now finding applications in other areas including data structures for dynamic graphs, approximation algorithms, and distributed and parallel computation. We survey the state-of-the-art results; identify general techniques; and highlight some simple algorithms that illustrate basic ideas.
Synaptic Resistor Networks for Intelligent Systems with Real-Time Learning (2017)

The human brain is a neural network capable of logically processing massively parallel information while simultaneously improving its performance via learning in dynamic environments. The parallel processing and learning functions are integrated in each synapse, the junction between neurons, but missed by electronic devices. Synaptic resistors, having parallel processing and learning functions, are arranged into a synaptic resistor network to improve an autonomous dynamical systemâs performance without any a priori knowledge, and unassisted by additional computing and memory circuits. In this way, the system can exhibit intelligent behavior in a similar way to humans. In comparison with humans learning the same task, the artificially intelligent network exhibited a similar, but slightly superior, strategy, speed, and accuracy, in the simplified, but unknown environment. Synaptic resistor circuits could be scaled up to efficiently process and learn from massively parallel information in dynamic and unknown environments with intelligence comparable to human brains.
Latest advances in machining of transparent, brittle materials using non-ablative femtosecond laser processing from Spectra-Physics (2017)

Non-ablative, femtosecond laser process ClearShape<sup>TM</sup> from Spectra-Physics for cutting transparent, brittle materials is based on producing a micron-sized material modification track with well-defined geometry. Although this process allows cutting by using relatively low average power of 4 W, for further improvement of the process we have studied how to make an efficient usage of higher average power and higher pulse energy available from an industrial femtosecond laser systems. In this paper, we give an overview of the machining results obtained using femtosecond Spirit HE. The high average power (<16 W) and high pulse energy (<120 μJ/pule) from Spirit HE allow us to achieve unprecedented cutting speed and quality for wide variety of transparent, brittle materials.
Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia (2008)

Childhood pneumonia is the leading single cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. The incidence in this age group is estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. This translates into about 156 million new episodes each year worldwide, of which 151 million episodes are in the developing world. Most cases occur in India (43 million), China (21 million) and Pakistan (10 million), with additional high numbers in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria (6 million each). Of all community cases, 7-13% are severe enough to be life-threatening and require hospitalization. Substantial evidence revealed that the leading risk factors contributing to pneumonia incidence are lack of exclusive breastfeeding, undernutrition, indoor air pollution, low birth weight, crowding and lack of measles immunization. Pneumonia is responsible for about 19% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years, of which more than 70% take place in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. Although based on limited available evidence, recent studies have identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus as the main pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia.
LASSO model adaptation for automatic speech recognition (2011)

 Inspired by the success of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in statistical learning, we propose an regularized maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) to estimate models with only a limited set of adaptation data to improve accuracy for automatic speech recognition, by regularizing the standard MLLR objective function with an constraint. The so-called LASSO MLLR is a natural solution to the data insufficiency problem because the constraint regularizes some parameters to exactly 0 and reduces the number of free parameters to estimate. Tested on the 5kWSJ0 task, the proposed LASSO MLLR gives significant word error rate reduction from the errors obtained with the standard MLLR in an utterance-by-utterance unsupervised adaptation scenario.
Hexaazatriphenylene derivatives/GO composites as organic cathodes for lithium ion batteries (2018)

Hexaazatriphenylene derivatives and graphene oxide as cathode materials lead to significant improvement of their electrochemical performance in lithium ion batteries through strong π–π and H-bond interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFICITY AND REGIOSELECTIVITY IN SYNTHESES OF DIARYL SULFONES USING THE SULFURIC ACID‐HEXAFLUOROACETIC ANHYDRIDE REAGENT (1980)

Abstract Aus Hexafluoressigsäureanhydrid (I) und H 2 SO 4 in Nitromethan wird das Sulfat (II) erzeugt, dessen zweimaligeBehandlung in situ mit denselben Arenen (III) bzw. (V) zu den entsprechenden isomeren Sulfonen (IV) bzw. (VI) führt, wobei eine der zwei aromatischen Substitutionen regiospezifisch erfolgt.
Continued Driving and Time to Transition to Nondriver Status through Error-Specific Driving Restrictions (2008)

We developed driving restrictions that are linked to specific driving errors, allowing cognitively impaired individuals to continue to independently meet mobility needs while minimizing risk to themselves and others. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the efficacy and duration expectancy of these restrictions in promoting safe continued driving. We followed 47 drivers age 60 years and older for 18 months, evaluating driving performance at 6-month intervals. Results demonstrated restricted drivers had safety profiles similar to safe drivers and gained additional driving time to transition to nondrivers.
A dynamic systems approach to development: Applications. (1993)

Part 1 From the dynamics of motor skill to the dynamics of development: dynamic pattern formation - a primer, J.A. Scott Kelso et al dynamic systems in development - action systems, Eugene C. Goldfield on the development of walking as a limit-cycle system, Jane E. Clark et al new ways to think about old questions, Mary Ann Roberton behavioural chaos - beyond the metaphor, Steven S. Robertson et al. Part 2 Can dynamic systems theory be usefully applied in areas other than motor development?: dynamic approaches to infant perception and action - old and new theories about the origins of knowledge, George Butterworth behavioural and emotional states in infancy - a dynamic perspective, Peter H. Wolff complementary processes in the perception and production of human movements, Bennett I. Bertenthal and Jeannine Pinto the dynamics of action and interaction, Darren Newtson a dynamic systems model of cognitive growth - competition and support under limited resource conditions, Paul van Geert toddlers' achievement of co-ordinated action with conspecifics - a dynamic systems perspective, Carol 0. Eckerman systems and language - implications for acquisition, Michael Tucker and Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek commentary - the strange attractiveness of dynamic systems to development, Richard N. Aslin.
A matched nonlinearity for phase estimation of a PSK- modulated carrier (Corresp.) (1986)

A nonlinear phase estimator for a phase-shift keyed (PSK)-modulated carrier has been developed by Viterbi and Viterbi. Their analysis is extended, and an optimal or "matched" nonlinearity is derived for the estimator.
UWB impulse radio based distance bounding (2010)

Today's communication systems are often vulnerable to wormhole or relaying attacks, leading to severe security problems. Distance Bounding (DB) protocols are authentication protocols designed to protect against these attacks. They determine an upper bound on the physical distance between two communication parties-the verifier V (e.g. a door requiring an access key) and the prover P (e.g. a wireless key device). UWB technology promises an innovative wireless implementation of DB protocols, using low cost components. A crucial aspect for DB algorithms, besides a high temporal resolution, is the processing delay of P between receiving a challenge from V and transmitting the answer to V. Even current UWB transceivers may add a considerable processing delay, which decreases the provided security. We propose and analyze a novel analog UWB transceiver architecture which is able to both detect incoming UWB pulses and transmit answers with minimal delay.
The Marinopyrroles, Antibiotics of an Unprecedented Structure Class from a Marine <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. (2008)

Cultivation of an obligate marine Streptomyces strain has furnished the marinopyrroles A and B, densely halogenated, axially chiral metabolites that contain an uncommon bispyrrole structure. X-ray analysis of marinopyrrole B showed that the natural product exists as an atropo-enantiomer with the M-configuration. Though configurationally stable at room temperature, M-(-)-marinopyrrole A can be racemized at elevated temperatures to yield the non-natural P-(+)-atropo-enantiomer. The marinopyrroles possess potent antibiotic activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Effect of localized vibrations on the Si surface concentrations of H and D (1998)

The equilibrium concentration of passivating adatoms in the system of Si crystal plus the gas of H2 (or D2) molecules is calculated. The effect of adatom localized vibrations on the equilibrium concentration is taken into account. It is shown that the substitution of D for H leads to an increase of the adatom concentration by 1–1.5 orders of magnitude.
Jasmonate Response Locus <i>JAR1</i> and Several Related Arabidopsis Genes Encode Enzymes of the Firefly Luciferase Superfamily That Show Activity on Jasmonic, Salicylic, and Indole-3-Acetic Acids in an Assay for Adenylation (2002)

Jasmonic acid (JA) and related cyclopentanones are critical plant signaling molecules, but their mode of action at the molecular level is unclear. A map-based approach was used to identify the defective gene in the Arabidopsis JA response mutant jar1-1. JAR1 is 1 of 19 closely related Arabidopsis genes that are similar to the auxin-induced soybean GH3 gene. Analysis of fold predictions for this protein family suggested that JAR1 might belong to the acyl adenylate-forming firefly luciferase superfamily. These enzymes activate the carboxyl groups of a variety of substrates for their subsequent biochemical modification. An ATP-PPi isotope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adenylation activity in a glutathione S-transferase-JAR1 fusion protein. Activity was specific for JA, suggesting that covalent modification of JA is important for its function. Six other Arabidopsis genes were specifically active on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and one was active on both IAA and salicylic acid. These findings suggest that the JAR1 gene family is involved in multiple important plant signaling pathways.
A mobile hyper redundant mechanism for search and rescue tasks (2004)

In this work we introduce a new concept of a search and rescue robotic system that is composed of an elephant trunk-like robot mounted on a mobile base. This system is capable not only of inspecting areas reachable by the mobile base but also to inspect unreachable areas such as small cracks, and pipes, using the camera mounted on its elephant trunk robot. In the report we describe the mechanical structure of the elephant trunk robot, the kinematic analysis of the structure, the robot control, and its human interface systems.
Screening of selected plant extracts for in vitro inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). (2000)

Methanolic-aqueous extracts of 70 plants were investigated for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in vitro. Two thirds of the extracts screened showed more than 50% inhibition. Two extracts inhibited the enzyme completely while four exhibited more than 90% inhibition. Tannins as nonspecific HIV-1 RT inhibitors were detected and removed from the extracts. The IC50 values of the most potent extracts after the removal of tannins for the HIV-1 RT inhibition are as follows: Sambucus racemosa 0.017 mg/ml and Geranium phaeum 0.067 mg/ml. Daunomycine was chosen as a standard substance in the non-radioactive immuno assay used for screening. As a result from the future isolation and characterization of these compounds, new leading structures are expectable.