gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continued Studies of Programmed-Splitting Stick Propellant (1987)

Abstract : A number of high-progressivity, high-density (HPD) propelling charge concepts are being investigated to provide significant improvement in muzzle velocity with minimal system impact. The particular approach presented in this paper is based on a concept which allows the charge designer to program a substantial increase in the burning surface at any desired time in the interior ballistic cycle, typically after peak pressure has occurred and the pressure is falling rapidly as the projectile moves downbore. Thus, a very high loading density charge can be employed without excessive burning surface leading to overpressurization early in the cycle or insufficient burning surface leading to incomplete consumption of the charge upon projectile exit. This concept, applicable to a number of propellant configurations, has been exploited first as programmed-splitting stick (PSS) propellant. Progress at the time of this writing is reported, including performance predictions, manufacturing experience, gun firings, and modeling efforts. Keywords: Gun propellant, High progressivity, High velocity, Guns, Efficiency, Stick propellant, Interior ballistics.
Improved excitation fidelity in cardiac imaging with 2-spoke parallel excitation at 7 Tesla (2013)

Background Cardiac MRI may greatly benefit from ultra high field (UHF) providing higher SNR and intrinsic contrast. But shorter RF wavelength yields transmit B1 (B1+) heterogeneity and contrast variations through the heart. These can be addressed by parallel transmission (pTX) using multispoke RF pulses as previously shown in other organs. However, applying pTX in cardiac MRI at 7T is challenging and requires rapid, multi-channel ECG triggered B1+ calibration and ECG synchronized, motion-insensitive pTX acquisitions. In this initial work we investigate the impact of 2-spoke RF pulse design on cardiac imaging at 7T using a 16-channel pTX system
Reducing Reauthentication Delay in Wireless Networks (2006)

When a wireless mobile user is moving across a mobile network or between co-operating networks, the network operators often want to verify the user’s access rights before granting service. The security protocol causes a delay in the network access, which may be much longer than the typical delays caused by mobility management. An alternative would be to provide so called optimistic service before the user has been authenticated or paid for the access. Thus, there is a trade-off between the security of the access control and the quality of service observed by the user. Our aim is to reduce the authentication delay and to enable optimistic access without opening a window for fraudulent access. We present a protocol for the reauthentication of a mobile node when it repeatedly connects to different access points or cooperating wireless networks. The protocol is based on credentials which the mobile receives from access points as a proof of past honest behavior and which it presents when associating with a new access point. It can be implemented with keyed one-way functions that result in low computation and communication overhead both for the mobile and for the network.
A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering (2016)

Photo-thermal angular light scattering (PT-AS) is a novel optical method for measuring the hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) of blood samples. On the basis of the intrinsic photothermal response of hemoglobin molecules, the sensor enables high-sensitivity, chemical-free measurement of [Hb]. [Hb] detection capability with a limit of 0.12 g/dl over the range of 0.35 - 17.9 g/dl has been demonstrated previously. The method can be readily implemented using inexpensive consumer electronic devices such as a laser pointer and a webcam. The use of a micro-capillary tube as a blood container also enables the hemoglobin assay with a nanoliter-scale blood volume and a low operating cost. Here, detailed instructions for the PT-AS optical setup and signal processing procedures are presented. Experimental protocols and representative results for blood samples in anemic conditions ([Hb] = 5.3, 7.5, and 9.9 g/dl) are also provided, and the measurements are compared with those from a hematology analyzer. Its simplicity in implementation and operation should enable its wide adoption in clinical laboratories and resource-limited settings.
Conductivity Tensor Imaging of <i>In Vivo</i> Human Brain and Experimental Validation Using Giant Vesicle Suspension (2018)

Human brain mapping of low-frequency electrical conductivity tensors can realize patient-specific volume conductor models for neuroimaging and electrical stimulation. We report experimental validation and in vivo human experiments of a new electrodeless conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) method. From CTI imaging of a giant vesicle suspension using a 9.4-T MRI scanner, the relative error in the reconstructed conductivity tensor image was found to be less than 1.7% compared with the measured value using an impedance analyzer. In vivo human brain imaging experiments of five subjects were followed using a 3-T clinical MRI scanner. With the spatial resolution of 1.87 mm, the white matter conductivity showed considerably more position dependency compared with the gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The anisotropy ratio of the white matter was in the range of 1.96-3.25 with a mean value of 2.43, whereas that of the gray matter was in the range of 1.12-1.19 with a mean value of 1.16. The three diagonal components of the reconstructed conductivity tensors were from 0.08 to 0.27 S/m for the white matter, from 0.20 to 0.30 S/m for the gray matter, and from 1.55 to 1.82 S/m for the CSF. The reconstructed conductivity tensor images exhibited significant inter-subject variabilities in terms of frequency and position dependencies. The high-frequency and low-frequency conductivity values can quantify the total and extracellular water contents, respectively, at every pixel. Their difference can quantify the intracellular water content at every pixel. The CTI method can separately quantify the contributions of ion concentrations and mobility to the conductivity tensor.
FOCUS (2013)

Crowdsourced video often provides engaging and diverse perspectives not captured by professional videographers. Broad appeal of user-uploaded video has been widely confirmed: freely distributed on YouTube, by subscription on Vimeo, and to peers on Facebook/Google+. Unfortunately, user-generated multimedia can be difficult to organize; these services depend on manual "tagging" or machine-mineable viewer comments. While manual indexing can be effective for popular, well-established videos, newer content may be poorly searchable; live video need not apply. We envisage video-sharing services for live user video streams, indexed automatically and in realtime, especially by shared content. We propose FOCUS, for Hadoop-on-cloud video-analytics. FOCUS uniquely leverages visual, 3D model reconstruction and multimodal sensing to decipher and continuously track a video's line-of-sight. Through spatial reasoning on the relative geometry of multiple video streams, FOCUS recognizes shared content even when viewed from diverse angles and distances. In a 70-volunteer user study, FOCUS' clustering correctness is roughly comparable to humans.
Highly Performing Chromate-Based Ceramic Anodes (Y<sub>0.7</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Cr<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub>) for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2018)

Exploitation of alternative anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs, 350-650 °C) is technologically important but remains a major challenge. Here we report a potential ceramic anode Y<sub>0.7</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Cr<sub>1- x</sub>Cu <sub>x</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.12, and 0.20) (YCC) exhibiting relatively high conductivity at low temperatures (≤650 °C) in both fuel and oxidant gas conditions. Additionally, the newly developed composition (YCC12) is structurally stable in reducing and oxidizing gas conditions, indicating its suitability for SOFC anodes. The I- V characteristics and performance of the ceramic anode infiltrated with Ni-(Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub>)(GDC) were determined using GDC/(La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>CoO<sub>3-δ</sub>)(LSC)-based cathode supported SOFCs. High peak power densities of ∼1.2 W/cm<sup>2</sup> (2.2A/cm<sup>2</sup>), 1 W/cm<sup>2</sup> (2.0A/cm<sup>2</sup>), and 0.6 W/cm<sup>2</sup> (1.3 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) were obtained at 600, 550, and 500 °C, respectively, in H<sub>2</sub>/3% H<sub>2</sub>O as fuel and air as oxidant. SOFCs showed excellent stability with a low degradation rate of 0.015 V kh<sup>-1</sup> under 0.2 A/cm<sup>2</sup>. YCC-based ceramic anodes are therefore critical for the advancement of LT-SOFC technology.
Suspecting Less and Doing Better: New Insights on Palmprint Identification for Faster and More Accurate Matching (2015)

This paper introduces a generalized palmprint identification framework to unify several state-of-art 2D and 3D palmprint methods. Through this framework, we argue that the methods employing one-to-one matching strategy and binary representation for feature are more effective for palmprint identification. The analysis for the first argument is based on a statistical matching model and is supported by outperforming results on several publicly available 2D palmprpint databases. These two arguments are further evaluated for 3D palmprint matching and used to introduce a new method for encoding 3D palmprint feature. The proposed 3D feature is binary and more efficiently computed. It encodes the 3D shape of palmprint to either convex or concave. The experimental results on two publicly available, from contactless and contact-base 3D palmprint database of 177 and 200 subjects, respectively, outperform the state-of-the-art methods. This paper also provides our palmprint matching algorithm(s) in public domain, unlike the previous work in this area, which will help to further advance research efforts in this area.
In Vitro Bactericidal Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Four Tetracyclines against Clostridioides difficile KCTC5009 in Planktonic Cultures (2020)

Surface disinfection in health-care facilities is critical to prevent dissemination of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>). Tetracyclines (TCs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are associated with a low risk of development of <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) and are used as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We evaluated whether TCs may be useful environmental cleansing agents. We compared the in vitro ability to kill <i>C. difficile</i> of four TCs (TC, doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline) combined with PDT using ultraviolet A (UVA). We included chitosan, a cationic material, as a booster to increase the photodynamic bactericidal efficacy of TCs. PDT-induced bactericidal effects were assessed by the number of viable cells and the degree of DNA damage and membrane integrity. To avoid the intrinsic antibacterial activity of TCs at high concentrations, we used low concentrations of TCs (0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL). The bactericidal effect of treatment with chitosan plus PDT was over 100 times higher than that with PDT alone for each of the four TCs. DNA damage measured by ethidium bromide monoazide and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also greater for PDT plus chitosan treatment than for PDT alone or under control conditions: the threshold cycle (Ct) values for the control, PDT, and PDT plus chitosan were 14.67 ± 0.22, 20.46 ± 0.12, and 25.54 ± 0.17, respectively. All four TCs caused similar levels of severe cell membrane damage during PDT compared with control conditions. These data suggest that PDT combined with any of the four TCs plus chitosan might be an available tool to kill efficiently planktonic form of <i>C. difficile</i>.
Fast, Automated, Scalable Generation of Textured 3D Models of Indoor Environments (2015)

3D modeling of building architecture from mobile scanning is a rapidly advancing field. These models are used in virtual reality, gaming, navigation, and simulation applications. State-of-the-art scanning produces accurate point-clouds of building interiors containing hundreds of millions of points. This paper presents several scalable surface reconstruction techniques to generate watertight meshes that preserve sharp features in the geometry common to buildings. Our techniques can automatically produce high-resolution meshes that preserve the fine detail of the environment by performing a ray-carving volumetric approach to surface reconstruction. We present methods to automatically generate 2D floor plans of scanned building environments by detecting walls and room separations. These floor plans can be used to generate simplified 3D meshes that remove furniture and other temporary objects. We propose a method to texture-map these models from captured camera imagery to produce photo-realistic models. We apply these techniques to several data sets of building interiors, including multi-story datasets.
In silico design of context-responsive mammalian promoters with user-defined functionality (2017)

Comprehensive de novo-design of complex mammalian promoters is restricted by unpredictable combinatorial interactions between constituent transcription factor regulatory elements (TFREs). In this study, we show that modular binding sites that do not function cooperatively can be identified by analyzing host cell transcription factor expression profiles, and subsequently testing cognate TFRE activities in varying homotypic and heterotypic promoter architectures. TFREs that displayed position-insensitive, additive function within a specific expression context could be rationally combined together in silico to create promoters with highly predictable activities. As TFRE order and spacing did not affect the performance of these TFRE-combinations, compositions could be specifically arranged to preclude the formation of undesirable sequence features. This facilitated simple in silico-design of promoters with context-required, user-defined functionalities. To demonstrate this, we de novo-created promoters for biopharmaceutical production in CHO cells that exhibited precisely designed activity dynamics and long-term expression-stability, without causing observable retroactive effects on cellular performance. The design process described can be utilized for applications requiring context-responsive, customizable promoter function, particularly where co-expression of synthetic TFs is not suitable. Although the synthetic promoter structure utilized does not closely resemble native mammalian architectures, our findings also provide additional support for a flexible billboard model of promoter regulation.
Improved Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Stability of the Polypropylene (PP) Films of Woven Jumbo Bags for Outdoor Applications (2010)

Several formulations were developed with polypropylene (PP) in combination with antioxidants, calcium stearate, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and ultraviolet light absorber (UVA) for making woven jumbo bags, which will be capable of carrying a load of two tons of materials in outdoor conditions. Thin films of these formulations were extruded followed by stretching to improve mechanical properties. Both stretched and un-stretched PP films were subjected to severe accelerated weathering by ultraviolet (UV) radiation for various periods and it was observed that un-stretched films reached 50% retention of tensile strength (TS) within 500 hours of exposure, while stretched films (tapes) did not reach 50% TS retention even after 10,500 hours of the exposure indicating an improved UV stability of the stretched films of PP.
A Two-Level Cascade Classification Algorithm for Real-Time Bifurcation Detection in CTA Images of Blood Vessels (2015)

We introduce a cascade classification algorithm for bifurcation detection in Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) scans of blood vessels. The proposed algorithm analyzes the vessel surrounding by a trained classifier first, followed by an accurate segmentation of the vessel outer wall by Morphological Active Contour Without Edges and finally extracts the boundary features of the segmented object and classifies its shape by Approximate K-nearest Neighbour classifier. The algorithm shows encouraging and competitive results for blood vessels from various parts of a human body including head, neck and legs.
Heat transfer modeling for surface crack depth evaluation (2013)

This paper presents a theoretical approach for the quantitative depth evaluation of linear opened surface cracks by using lock-in infrared thermography. In order to simulate heat flow near a crack, a three-dimensional simulation model has been developed by using finite element simulation. We show that, under a periodic local thermal excitation in the vicinity of the crack, the second spatial derivative of the amplitude image can provide information on this depth. The influence of the simulation parameters are discussed for the optimal characterization of defects.
Tips from the embryonic lung (2017)

A new source of progenitor cells can now be used to study hidden aspects of human lung development and pediatric lung disease.
Effects of etidronate-mediated suppression of bone remodeling on aluminum-induced de novo bone formation. (1992)

The mechanism by which aluminum chloride stimulates de novo bone formation is unknown. To evaluate the role of bone remodeling and mature osteoblastic function in aluminum-induced neoosteogenesis, we compared the osteogenic effects of aluminum in normal beagles to those in animals with low turnover osteomalacia induced by treatment with etidronate [1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphoric acid (HEBP)]. As assessed by quantitative bone histomorphology, beagles treated with HEBP developed low turnover osteomalacia characterized by a 78% reduction in osteoblast number, a 5.5-fold increase in osteoid volume, complete absence of active mineralization, and diminished resorption surfaces compared to untreated controls. The iv administration of aluminum chloride to normal dogs generated new trabecular structures in the marrow cavity consistent with induction of de novo bone formation. This response consisted of increased trabecular bone volume and number, accumulation of woven osteoid, and increased number of bone-forming cells. The concomitant administration of HEBP failed to prevent induction of de novo bone formation by aluminum. Instead, the neoosteogenic process was superimposed on low turnover osteomalacia in HEBP-treated dogs. Serum aluminum concentrations were increased 2-fold, whereas bone aluminum accumulation was reduced by 58% in HEBP- and aluminum-treated dogs compared to that in aluminum-treated controls. These findings indicate that aluminum stimulation of neoosteogenesis in beagles is independent of mature osteoblast function, normal bone remodeling, and total bone aluminum accumulation. Rather, aluminum-induced de novo bone formation appears to result from stimulation of mesenchymal precursors to form a primitive type of bone which is distinct from coupled bone formation.
Ionic-liquid based electrochemical ethylene sensor (2011)

We present an electrochemical ethylene sensor that exploits a thin ionic-liquid (IL) layer as electrolyte. ILs are fluids that completely consist of ions at room temperature and have emerged as extremely promising electrolytes for the following reasons: first, the vapor pressure is practically negligible and therefore even thin films remain stable over time. Second, the solubility of ethylene is higher compared to water leading to an enhanced current. Finally, a thin layer leads to effective ethylene diffusion and therefore enhanced sensor current and response time. We show that ethylene can be detected in a specific potential window and a linear response up to 200 ppm with a detection limit of 25 ppm has been achieved. We foresee that our approach could be extended to other gases and ILs could become widespread in electrochemical gas sensors.
Adaptive filtering for music/voice separation exploiting the repeating musical structure (2012)

The separation of the lead vocals from the background accompaniment in audio recordings is a challenging task. Recently, an efficient method called REPET (REpeating Pattern Extraction Technique) has been proposed to extract the repeating background from the non-repeating foreground. While effective on individual sections of a song, REPET does not allow for variations in the background (e.g. verse vs. chorus), and is thus limited to short excerpts only. We overcome this limitation and generalize REPET to permit the processing of complete musical tracks. The proposed algorithm tracks the period of the repeating structure and computes local estimates of the background pattern. Separation is performed by soft time-frequency masking, based on the deviation between the current observation and the estimated background pattern. Evaluation on a dataset of 14 complete tracks shows that this method can perform at least as well as a recent competitive music/voice separation method, while being computationally efficient.
The cell attachment determinant in fibronectin (1985)

Fibronectin possesses a domain that interacts with cell surfaces. The ability of fibronectin to promote cell attachment can be duplicated with a short amino acid sequence, glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-serine, taken from that domain. The tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp appears to be irreplaceable for maintenance of the activity of this peptide, whereas the serine residue can be replaced with some, but apparently not all, possible residues. This recognition sequence, or a closely related sequence, is present in a number of proteins other than fibronectin that interact with cells. These proteins include collagens, fibrinogen, thrombin, a bacterial surface protein, and two viral proteins, as well as discoidin-I, a protein implicated in the aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. A similar sequence is also repeated in some, but not all, fibronectin molecules, making it possible that some fibronectin molecules have more than a single cell attachment site. Synthetic peptides constructed from sequences taken from several of these other proteins have also been shown to promote cell attachment. The tripeptide sequence may, therefore, constitute an ancient cellular recognition mechanism common to many proteins.
Ruling Blazed, Aberration-Corrected Diffraction Gratings (1991)

Proposed optoelectromechanical apparatus that functions partly as ruling engine and partly as pantograph rules blazed, aberration-corrected diffraction gratings. Makes possible to combine precision of aberration-corrected, holographically produced grating with diffraction efficiency of blazed grating by using holographically produced grating as model or master pattern that controls ruling engine making blazed grating. Surface of model holographic grating scanned by sensing head mounted on pantographic arm. Ruling stylus mounted on other end of pantographic arm with tip in grating blank.