gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue specificity of nucleo‐cytoplasmic distribution of HMG1 and HMG2 proteins and their probable functions (1989)

The levels and distribution between nucleus and cytoplasm of HMG1 and HMG2 proteins have been investigated in different tissues of mammals. In lymphoid tissues and testis high amounts of these proteins are present in both nuclei and cytoplasm, while in the hepatic tissues and brain they accumulate in cytoplasm, mainly in the cytosol. In particular, very low amounts, if any, of HMG1 and 2 are present in the nuclei active for DNA replication (rat regenerating liver and primary hepatoma) or transcription (adult liver and brain). Therefore, it appears that HMG1 and 2 are not necessary for these processes. On the other hand, nuclear (chromosomal) HMG1 and 2 are characteristic for the tissues containing undifferentiated cells: lymphoid tissues, testis, neonatal liver. These proteins are bound to the chromatin regions solubilized early by sonication or DNase action. Comparison of the data obtained for different tissues shows an inverse correlation between the amounts of chromosomal HMG1 and 2, on the one hand, and of histone H1(0), on the other hand. These results suggest that chromosomal HMG1 and 2 take part in the processes that occur during cell differentiation, while histone H1(0) is induced to preserve differentiated cells from dedifferentiation.
CD-HIT Suite: a web server for clustering and comparing biological sequences (2010)

Free access at http://cd-hit.org
Anti-Cancer Mushroom of Toadstool in Korea (2000)

Many mushrooms of toadstool were collected all over the Korea from March 1976 to September 1999. They were identified and classified into anti-cancer mushrooms of toadstool. According to the result they were composed of 12 families, 19 genera and 32 species. Among them, 26 species of mushroom of toadstool is experimented about how their anticancer function works in China. But untill now, there has not been any other studies for medcinal function in Korea.
Comparative Analysis of the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA Isolation Device and the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (2004)

Efficient, rapid, and reproducible procedures for isolating high-quality DNA before PCR gene amplification are essential for the diagnostic and molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria. This study evaluated the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA isolation device for isolating nucleic acid. Buffer, serum, and whole-blood samples were spiked with Bacillus anthracis Sterne vegetative cells and Yersinia pestis, while water was spiked with B. anthracis Sterne spores. Although minimal variations in limit of detection occurred among matrices, both the IsoCode Stix extraction method and the Qiagen procedure have comparable detection limits.
Impact of Rocks and Minerals on Underground Magneto-Inductive Communication and Localization (2016)

In this paper, we analyze the effect of different underground materials on very-low and low-frequency magnetic fields used in the contexts of magneto-inductive localization and communication applications, respectively. We calculate the attenuation that these magnetic fields are subject to while passing through most common rocks and minerals. Knowing the attenuation properties is crucial in the design of underground magneto-inductive communication systems. In addition, we provide means to predict the distortions in the magnetic field that impair localization systems. The proposed work offers basic design guidelines for communication and localization systems in terms of channel path loss, operation frequencies, and bandwidth. In order to make our results reproducible by other researchers, we provide the raw data and processing source code.
Flowchart knowledge extraction on image processing (2008)

In the paper, we present an approach of image processing analysis to extract flowchart information from digital imagery. Firstly, flowchart imagery is processed to extract the text components and then extract the geometrical shapes components. We analyze text, and various geometrical shapes present in flowchart and carry out a variety of processes such as image segmentation, shape description, text and geometric components extraction, recognition and linking. The text components are extracted and then geometrical components are extracted. we also proposed a auto directional transformation of contour chain method for shape description. The internal relationship between the components is set up by tracing the flow lines which connect different components. Thus a flowchart is correctly extracted. The extracted components are output to metadata (XML format) which is machine readable. These metadata can be archived, store as knowledge base or shared with others. Finally, an example is presented and the results show that the proposed technique is efficient.
A blind timing and frequency synchronization method based on the correlation characteristics of an OFDM signal (2015)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very sensitive to symbol timing and frequency offsets. Therefore, it is very important to achieve a high precision time and frequency synchronization. With the absence of pilot symbols, blind synchronization algorithms using different metric functions or statistics of the received signal can be used. In this paper, a new blind symbol timing and frequency offset estimation algorithm is proposed for OFDM systems in multipath fading channels. The method utilizes the redundant information contained in the cyclic prefix and does not necessitate any channel profile knowledge. In contrary to other works that propose a timing function, the proposed method extracts the timing offset and the channel length directly from the correlation characteristics between the received samples. Consequently, an interference-free region is specified and the frequency offset is jointly estimated. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations over Rayleigh multipath fading channels of different delay spreads. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms considerably other algorithms in related work and is robust to varying channel conditions.
A comparison of morpheme and word based document retrieval for Asian languages (2002)

Most document retrieval systems are word based. Words are very convenient retrieval units in English but not so in some Asian languages. The task of determining which morphemes constitute words in Vietnamese and Chinese is problematic, and has been assumed to be the reason that word based retrieval does not work so well. The paper examines a number of segmentation algorithms, and then reports on some experiments comparing morpheme and word based retrieval. It shows that morpheme based retrieval is hard to improve on.
Effect of Polyplex Morphology on Cellular Uptake, Intracellular Trafficking, and Transgene Expression (2013)

Nanoparticle morphology has been shown to affect cellular uptake, but there are few studies investigating the impact of particle shape on biologic drug delivery. Recently, our group synthesized a series of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-oligolysine brush polymers for nucleic acid delivery that varied in oligolysine peptide length and polymer molecular weight. Interestingly, a 50% longer peptide (K15) transfected very poorly compared to the optimized polymer comprised of K10 peptide despite similar chemical composition and molecular weight. We hypothesized that differences in particle morphology contributed to the differences in plasmid DNA delivery. We found that particles formed with plasmid DNA and a polymer with the longer oligolysine peptide (pHK15) had larger aspect ratios than particles formed with optimized polymer (pHK10). Even though both formulations showed similar percentages of cellular association, particles of a higher aspect ratio were internalized to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the rod-like particles accumulated more in endosomal/lysosomal compartments, leading to delayed nuclear delivery. Other parameters, such as particle surface charge, unpackaging ability, uptake mechanism, intracellular trafficking, and the presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycans did not significantly differ between the two polymer formulations. These results indicate that, for this system, polyplex morphology primarily impacts nucleic acid delivery efficiency through differences in cellular internalization rates.
Rat‐liver lysosomal sialidase (1984)

Purified liver lysosomes, prepared from rats previously injected with Triton WR-1339, exhibited sialidase activity towards sialyllactose, fetuin, submaxillary mucin (bovine) and gangliosides, and could be disrupted hypotonically with little loss in these activities. After centrifugation, the activities with sialyllactose and fetuin were largely recovered in the supernatant, demonstrating that they were originally in the intralysosomal space. The activities towards submaxillary mucin and gangliosides, on the other hand, remained in the pellet. In the supernatant, activity with fetuin or orosomucoid was markedly reduced by protease inhibitors, suggesting that proteolysis of these glycoproteins may be prerequisite to sialidase activity. The intralysosomal sialidase was solubilized from the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of rat liver and partially purified by Sephadex G-200, or Sephadex G-200 followed by CM-cellulose. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 4.7 with sialyllactose as substrate and had a minimum relative molecular mass of 60 000 +/- 5000 by gel filtration; it hydrolyzed a variety of sialooligosaccharides , those containing (alpha 2----3)sialyl linkages being better substrates than those with (alpha 2----6)sialyl linkages. The enzyme failed to attack submaxillary mucin and gangliosides. It was also inactive towards fetuin, orosomucoid and transferrin but capable of hydrolyzing glycopeptides from pronase digest of fetuin. In contrast to the intralysosomal sialidase, the sialidase partially purified from rat liver cytosol by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose hydrolyzed fetuin and orosomucoid to the extent about half that for sialyllactose. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 5.8 and had a relative molecular mass of approximately 60 000. It also hydrolyzed gangliosides but not submaxillary mucin.
Raphides in the Uncalcified Siphonous Green Seaweed,<i>Codium minus</i>(Schmidt) P. C. Silva (2012)

The vacuole of utricles, the outermost cell layer of the siphonous green seaweed, Codium minus , had numerous single needles and needle bundles. The crystals composing each needle appeared arranged in a twisted configuration, both ends were pointed, and each needle was contained in a matrix or membrane; bundles of needles appeared enclosed by a matrix. Chemical and electron diffraction analysis indicated that the needles consisted of calcium oxalate. This is the first paper on terrestrial plant-like raphides in an alga.
Cavity-dumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2016)

A synchronously pumped cavity-dumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPSLT) crystal is reported. The OPO runs in positive group velocity dispersion (GVD) mode to deliver high pulse energy at high repetition rate. It delivers pulse energy over 130 nJ up to 500 kHz and 70 nJ at 1 MHz of repetition rate at 1100 nm. Pulse duration is as short as 42 fs, and the OPO is tunable in the near infrared region from 1050 to 1200 nm. Dispersion property of the OPO was also explored. The cavity-dumped output carries a positive GVD, which can be compensated easily by an external prism pair, and large negative third order dispersion (TOD), which results in a pedestal in the pulse shape. Approaches to obtain clean pulse shape by reducing the large TOD are proposed.
Efficient Synthesis of Cryptophycin‐52 and Novel <i>para</i>‐Alkoxymethyl Unit A Analogues (2009)

Cryptophycins are a family of highly cytotoxic, cyclic depsipeptides. They display antitumour activity that is largely maintained for multi-drug-resistant tumour cells. Cryptophycins are composed of four building blocks (units A-D) that correspond to the respective amino and hydroxy acids. A new synthetic route to unit A allows the selective generation of all four stereogenic centres in a short, efficient and reliable synthesis and contributes to an easier and faster synthesis of cryptophycins. The first two stereogenic centres are introduced by a catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation, whereas the remaining two stereogenic centres are introduced with substrate control of diastereoselectivity. The stereogenic diol function also serves as the epoxide precursor. The approach was used to synthesise the native unit A building block as well as three para-alkoxymethyl analogues from which cryptophycin-52 and three analogous cryptophycins were prepared. Macrocyclisation of the seco-depsipeptides was based on ring-closing metathesis.
A Low-Cost B-Mode USB Ultrasound Probe (2008)

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is now the ubiquitous interface bus of choice for connecting peripherals to personal computers and laptops. USB 2.0 is a half-duplex bus running at 480 Mb/s and each peripheral can draw as much as 500 mA of current at a nominal 5 V from the USB connector. We have developed a family of USB-based, B-mode probes that connect directly to a personal computer or laptop and that draw as little as 250 mA (1.25 W) when forming ten 5 MHz images/second. The pulser/receiver, high voltage supply, analog-to-digital converter, servo and USB interface are implemented on a small circuit board inside the probe body. After raw data are transferred to the computer, gain compensation, interpolation, filtering and other data processing are performed by the host processor. This gives flexibility to developers and allows enhancements to the system to be incorporated via software updates. In addition, the raw data are available for storage and later postprocessing. There are several advantages to this architectural approach to B-mode imaging, including low cost, portability and optimal signal-to-noise performance. This paper describes the advantages of the architecture of the probe family, discusses the hardware/software division of the required processing steps and presents example images from a 12.5 MHz ophthalmic probe.
Sensitivity of MRI Versus Mammography for Detecting Foci of Multifocal, Multicentric Breast Cancer in Fatty and Dense Breasts Using the Whole-Breast Pathologic Examination as a Gold Standard (2004)

MRI was more sensitive than mammography for the detection of multiple malignant foci in fibroglandular or dense breasts. Mammography missed larger and more invasive cancer foci than MRI. A relatively low PPV was a problem for both techniques.
Co-transplantation of encapsulated HepG2 and rat Sertoli cells improves outcome in a thioacetamide induced rat model of acute hepatic failure (2005)

Hepatocyte transplantation offers therapeutic opportunities in liver disease. Xenogeneic hepatocytes are a potential resource, but rejection presents a major problem. We combined cell encapsulation with modulation by local generation of an immunosuppressant by co-encapsulating Sertoli cells with HepG2 cells. We assessed in vitro rat leukocyte proliferative responses and HepG2 cell survival after intraperitoneal injection in rats. Empty beads, and beads containing HepG2 cells or HepG2/Sertoli cells were injected intra-peritoneally into rats and survival of implanted cells followed over 4 weeks; in some animals acute hepatic failure (AHF) using thioacetamide (TAA) was also induced. The marked proliferative response of rat leukocytes to HepG2 cells and HepG2-containing beads was reduced by Sertoli cell-conditioned medium and HepG2/Sertoli encapsulates. After intra-peritoneal transplantation, Sertoli cells co-encapsulation protected the HepG2 cells in normal and AHF animals. Combined encapsulation and locally generated immuno-suppression may be a valuable strategy in hepatocyte transplantation.
Deep alignment network: from MIMD to SIMD platform (2018)

The paper considers the following software engineering problem for digital media: given a software tool for processing tensor signals, like Deep Neural network (DNN) defined for MIMD architecture (Multi Instruction, Multi Data), redefine this algorithm to SIMD architecture (Single Instruction, Multiple Data). While for mapping multiple instructions, the standard signal processing approach is applied, for mapping tensors of any dimensionality, 2D RGBA textures (Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha channels) are used as the target data structure. To illustrate the tensor mapping concept, Deep Alignment Network (DAN), contemporary important application for Human Computer Interfacing, is selected and its efficiency analyzed. The testbed for comparisons of DAN’s MIMD and SIMD architectures, was based on Javascript (MIMD) and WebGL (SIMD) software platforms. It appears that expected speed-up (checked for commodity personal computers) of SIMD versus MIMD architecture is on the reasonable level: 350 image frames per minute versus seven image frames per minute.
HIV Vaccine Research: The Challenge and the Way Forward (2015)

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic, with over 35 million people infected currently. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine is on top of the global health priority. In the past few years, there have been many promising advances in the prevention of HIV/AIDS, among which the RV144 Thai trial has been encouraging and suggests optimization of the current vaccine strategies or search for novel strategies. Here we reviewed the brief history of HIV-1 vaccine, analyzed key challenges existing now, and illustrated future research priority/directions for a therapeutic or prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine, with the hope of accelerating the speed of vaccine development. We believe that an effective HIV-1 vaccine, together with other prevention approaches, will bring an end to this epidemic in the near future.
Motion field interpolation for frame rate conversion (2003)

Frame rate conversion is essential for the exchange of video material between different industries and applications. Motion compensated interpolation (MCI) has been shown to provide good frame rate conversion results. Conventional MCI methods estimate one motion vector per block of the interpolated frame. The main disadvantage of such methods are the blocking artefacts that occur at the boundaries of interpolated blocks. Pixel-level motion vectors have been shown to reduce this effect and improve the quality of the interpolated frames. However, this is usually achieved at the expense of a significant increase in computational complexity. This paper proposes a low-complexity method for converting a block-level motion field to a pixel-level motion field. The method is called motion field interpolation (MFI). Simulation results show the superior performance of this method.
Lymph node detection in 3-D chest CT using a spatial prior probability (2010)

Lymph nodes have high clinical relevance but detection is challenging as they are hard to see due to low contrast and irregular shape. In this paper, a method for fully automatic mediastinal lymph node detection in 3-D computed tomography (CT) images of the chest area is proposed. Discriminative learning is used to detect lymph nodes based on their appearance. Because lymph nodes can easily be confused with other structures, it is vital to incorporate as much anatomical knowledge as possible to achieve good detection rates. Here, a learned prior of the spatial distribution is proposed to model this knowledge. As atlas matching is generally inaccurate in the chest area because of anatomical variations, this prior is not learned in the space of a single atlas, but in the space of multiple ones that are attached to anatomical structures. During test, the priors are weighted and merged according to spatial distances. Cross-validation on 54 CT datasets showed that the prior based detector yields a true positive rate of 52.3% for seven false positives per volume image, which is about two times better than without a spatial prior.
Chemical, Biological and Industrial Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy (1985)

Structural and Dynamical Properties of Membrane Assemblies by Vibrational Spectroscopy Biological FT-IR: Industrial and Academic Applications Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy to the Solution of Problems in the Petroleum Industry Miscellaneous FT-IR: From TRS to PAS Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy to the Solution of Problems in the Petroleum Industry Unconventional Applications of FT-IR Spectrometry to the Study of Surfaces The Importance of Group Frequencies in Practical Analysis Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Data Processing Industry - Selected Applications Applications of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to Monitor Chemical Reactions.
The reauties of service creation on switching systems through attached processors (2005)

This paper presents an approach to implementing new services via an advanced attached processor interface to a switching system, considering the needs of both Telecommunications Serv- ice Providers and switching system vendors. This interface provides a level of switching system access and control that meets many of today's needs, while taking into account the realities of the real-time nature of switch processing. First, the needs for service creation capability by other than the switching system vendor are described, Then the strategic direction of using an interface between a switching system and an attached processor to implement new services is presented. We identify the dimensions of attached processor service capabilities using service examples and the characteristics and tradeoffs for points along these dimensions. We conclude with a recommendation that the most attractive alternative is an interface that yields significant service creation capabilities without extensive coupling to the switching system.
Optimal Placement of Wireless Nodes for Maximizing Path Lifetime (2008)

In this work we investigate the deployment of wireless nodes in order to maximize the lifetime of a data flow. We develop a mathematical model for determining the best placement of nodes by taking into consideration the energy of each node involved in the data flow. By using our mathematical model we achieve two major objectives: the maximization of the shortest node's lifetime and the convergence of all the nodes' lifetime to a unique value.
Exact Relations among Amplitudes at Critical Points of Marginal Dimensionality (1975)

A renormalization-group analysis of a three-dimensional Ising model with dipolar forces establishes a relation between the specific heat and the correlation length, in the limit $t=\frac{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}{{T}_{c}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Specific-heat data are used to predict $\ensuremath{\zeta}\ensuremath{\sim}1.41{t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}{|\mathrm{ln}t|}^{\frac{1}{6}}$ \AA{} for LiTb${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$. A relation among the magnetization, the specific heat, and the susceptibility is also given. Similar relations are found for $n$-component short-range models at $d=4$ and $d=4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$.