gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Black Oil Delumping (2005)

Abstract Black oil reservoir simulation still has wide application in the petroleum industry, because it is computationally far less demanding than compositional simulation. But a principal limitation of black oil reservoir simulation is that it does not provide detailed compositional information necessary for surface process modeling. Black oil delumping overcomes this limitation by converting a black oil wellstream into a compositional wellstream, enabling the composition and component molar rates of a production well in a black oil reservoir simulation to be reconstituted. We present a comprehensive black oil delumping method based primarily on the compositional information generated in the depletion process that is used initially to provide data for the black oil simulation in a typical workflow. Examples presented in this paper show the accuracy of this method in different depletion processes: natural depletion, water injection, and gas injection. The paper also presents a technique for accurately applying the black oil delumping method to wells encountering crossflow.
Microwave Frequency Discriminator With Sapphire Resonator (1994)

Cooled sapphire resonator provides ultralow phase noise. Apparatus comprises microwave oscillator operating at nominal frequency of about 8.1 GHz, plus frequency-discriminator circuit measuring phase fluctuations of oscillator output. One outstanding feature of frequency discriminator is sapphire resonator serving as phase reference. resonator is dielectric ring resonator operating in whispering-gallery mode. Functions at room temperature, but for better performance, typically cooled to operating temperature of about 80 K. Similar resonator described in Sapphire Ring Resonator for Microwave Oscillator (NPO-18082).
An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential (2018)

The functional involvement of CB2 receptor in neuropathic pain and other neuroinflammatory diseases highlights the potential therapeutic role of drugs acting at the CB2 receptor.
Paired comparison of platelet concentrates prepared from platelet‐rich plasma and buffy coats using a new technique with<sup>111</sup>In and<sup>51</sup>Cr (1992)

Two techniques for the preparation of platelet concentrate (PC), the standard platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and buffy coat (BC) methods, were compared in nine paired studies with regard to platelet harvest, white cell (WBC) contamination, and PC quality after 5 days of 22 degrees C storage. Platelet harvest using the BC method averaged approximately 56 percent of the whole blood level (6.2 x 10(10)/concentrate), which was less than the 76 percent achieved with the PRP-PC method (8.7 x 10(10)/concentrate). An additional 5 units collected into an experimental siphon bag for BC-PC processing showed improved platelet harvest (6.7 x 10(10)/concentrate, or approx. 70% of whole blood). WBCs remaining in the BC-PC averaged 0.19 x 10(8) per unit compared to 3.6 x 10(8) per unit for PRP-PC. Buffy coat processing produced red cell (RBC) units with 50 percent of the WBC contamination of conventionally prepared units (9.8 +/- 6.2 x 10(8)/unit vs. 18.9 +/- 7.1 x 10(8)/unit). The siphon bag further reduced WBC levels in the AS-3 RBC units (6.4 +/- 3.7 x 10(8)/unit). In vitro studies performed on Days 1 and 5 after collection showed no significant differences in platelet metabolic and biologic function or cell integrity. Beta-thromboglobulin and surface glycoprotein levels, indicators of platelet activation and membrane alteration, respectively, did not differ significantly in the PRP-PC and BC-PC; nor was lactate production higher in PRP-PC, despite the substantially higher WBC counts. Autologous in vivo platelet viability determinations were performed by using concurrent transfusion of 111In-labeled freshly drawn platelets and 51Cr-labeled stored platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wire stripper protects cable shielding (1980)

Four-blade stripper removes insulation from end or middle of wire without damaging shielding.
Robot-Assisted Real-Time Tumor Manipulation for Breast Biopsy (2009)

Breast biopsy guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound is widely used to evaluate suspicious masses within the breast. The current procedure allows the clinician to determine the location and extent of a tumor in the patient breast before inserting the needle. However, there are several problems with this procedure: the complex interaction dynamics between the needle force and the breast tissue will likely displace the tumor from its original position, necessitating multiple insertions, causing clinicianspsila fatigue, patient's discomfort, and compromising the integrity of the tissue specimen. In this paper, we present a new concept for real-time manipulation of a tumor using a robotic controller that monitors the image of the tumor to generate appropriate external force to position the tumor at a desired location. The idea here is to demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate a tumor in real time by applying controlled external force in an automated way such that the tumor does not deviate from the path of the needle. Experiments on breast phantoms are presented to demonstrate the essence of this concept. The success of this approach has the potential to reduce the number of attempts a clinician makes to capture the desired tissue specimen, minimize tissue damage, improve speed of biopsy, reduce patient discomfort, and eliminate false negative results.
Design and Field Evaluation of a Robotic Apple Harvesting System with a 3D-Printed Soft-Robotic End-Effector (2019)

Abstract. Fresh market apple harvesting is a difficult task that relies entirely on manual labor. Much research has been done on the development of mechanical harvesting techniques. Several selective harvesting robots have been developed for research studies, but there are no commercially available robotic systems. This article discusses the design and development of a novel pneumatic 3D-printed soft-robotic end-effector to facilitate apple separation. The end-effector was integrated into a robotic system with five degrees of freedom that was designed to simplify the picking sequence and reduce costs compared to previous versions. Apples were successfully harvested using the low-cost robotic system in a commercial orchard during the fall 2017 harvest. A detachment success rate on attempted apples of 67% was achieved, with an average time of 7.3 s per fruit from separation to storage bin. By conducting this study in an orchard where problematic apples were not removed to increase the detachment success rate, current pruning and thinning practices were assessed to help lay the foundation for future studies and develop strategies for successfully harvesting apples that are difficult to detach. Keywords: Apple catching, Apples, Automated harvesting, Field experimentation, Harvesting robot, Soft-robotic gripper.
Human immunodeficiency virus matrix tyrosine phosphorylation: characterization of the kinase and its substrate requirements (1997)

During virus assembly, a subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) matrix (MA) molecules is phosphorylated on C-terminal tyrosine. This modification facilitates infection of nondividing cells by allowing for the recruitment of the karyophilic MA into the viral core and preintegration complex. MA tyrosine phosphorylation is accomplished by a cellular protein kinase which is incorporated into virions. In this study, we have investigated the nature of this enzyme as well as the determinants of MA necessary for its phosphorylation. Employing an in vitro kinase assay, we found that the MA tyrosine kinase activity is present in various cultured cell lines including CEM and SupT1 T-lymphoid cells, Namalwa B cells, 293 and CV-1 kidney fibroblasts, and P4 HeLa cells. In addition, it could be detected in platelets, macrophages, and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) but not in erythrocytes and resting PBLs isolated from human blood. Subcellular localization of the kinase activity by cell fractionation demonstrated that it is enriched in cellular membranes. In HIV type 2 (HIV-2) particles, the MA tyrosine kinase is associated with the inner leaflet of the viral membrane, while the tyrosine-phosphorylated MA is localized to the core. Individual mutations of each of the last eight residues immediately upstream of the C-terminal tyrosine (Y132) of HIV-1 MA did not prevent Y132 phosphorylation, suggesting that the kinase does not require a highly specific sequence adjacent to the C-terminal tyrosine. Confirming this, we found that the MA of murine leukemia virus, the sequence of which is only moderately homologous to that of HIV-1 and HIV-2 MA, is also C-terminally tyrosine phosphorylated.
Association rule computation using lexicographic order combination (2003)

Association rules in data mining are used in order to discover latent information hidden in databases. The class of apriori algorithms provide a simple way to compute association rules. Despite the simplicity of the algorithm its computational comple
Novel All-Optical Phase and Amplitude Regeneration of DPSK Signals (2004)

All optical regeneration of differential phase-shift keying signals based on phasesensitive amplification is described. Nearly ideal phase regeneration can be achieved in the undepleted-pump regime while simultaneous amplitude and phase regeneration can be realized in the depleted-pump regime.
Amphipathic Non-opioid Dynorphin A Analogs to Inhibit Neuroexcitatory Effects at Central Bradykinin Receptors (2015)

Nerve injury and inflammation cause up-regulation of dynorphin A (Dyn A, H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-PheLeu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-Asn-Gln-OH) in the spinal cord, which results in hyperalgesia via the interaction with bradykinin receptors (BRs) [1]. This is a non-opioid neuroexcitatory effect that cannot be blocked by an opioid antagonist, naloxone. On the basis of the fact, systematic structure-activity relationship study on Dyn A was performed to develop BRs antagonists that can block the hyperalgesia. As a result, LYS1044, [des-Arg]-Dyn A-(4-11), was identified as a lead ligand along with key insights into structural features for the BRs recognition (i.e. amphipathicity) [2-4]. Intrathecal administration of the lead ligand reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity in nerve injured animals and inhibited non-opioid Dyn A-induced motor impairment and hyperalgesia in naive animals. Yet, this ligand showed very low metabolic stabilities in plasma and was completely degraded within 4 hours of incubation (half-life < 1 hour). Therefore, in an effort to improve the metabolic stability and also to enhance the blood brain barrier permeability, various modifications were performed on Dyn A structure. Here we report design and synthesis of cyclic Dyn A analogues and their biological activities.
Study of the multi-layer structure for the magneto-optical disk. (1991)

This paper describes the magneto-optical disk with multi-layer structure. The recording medium that is constructed by amorphous rareearth and transition metal alloy, transparent films and a reflective film has been studied for higher signal quality and higher reliability. The design concept of the multi-layer structure is to make the Kerr rotation angle maximum using optical interference in the films and to improve reliability by stable transparent and reflective films. The optical characters are calculated for the design with thicknesses and refractive indexes of the films. The nitride transparent film is selected for reliability after testing some transparent films. The magneto-optical disks were checked after exposed to high temperature and high humidity. The life of the medium itself and the recording bit are estimated from these tests. The high recording desity 108bit/cm2 and more than 10 years life of the media are achieved with the multi-layer structure. The rewritable and removalble memory medium that has large capacity is realized.
Factors influencing the fatty acid determination in fats and oils using Fourier transform near‐infrared spectroscopy (2007)

Abstract Fourier transform near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) technology is matrix dependent and thus highly dependent on factors that influence the absorption spectra. Ignoring these factors during the development of FT‐NIR models will affect the accuracy and reliability of the classification of fats and oils and the determination of their fatty acid (FA) composition. Four factors were studied: the temperature at which samples are scanned, differences in FA chain length and number of double bonds, and the presence of non‐triacylglycerol components. The results showed that an increase in the recording temperature decreased the absorption peak intensity, but not the position. FT‐NIR spectral differences were linked to variations in molecular vibrations resulting from the number of carbon atoms or double bonds in the FA. The FT‐NIR method could clearly differentiate between chain lengths from 10:0 to 18:0 and numbers of double bonds from zero (18:0) to three (18:3). Contaminants in triacylglycerols altered the FT‐NIR spectra, resulting in increased errors in the FA content. An increased concentration of β‐sitosterol in triolein decreased or increased the observed contents of cis 9‐18:1 and cis 11‐18:1, respectively. An FT‐NIR model adjusted for the phytosterol content corrected this discrepancy. The revised FT‐NIR model was successfully used to provide the accurate FA compositions of commercial sunflower oils.
Modulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by human macrophage-stimulating protein, the ligand for the RON receptor (1996)

We observed that human megakaryocytes expressed the heterodimeric tyrosine kinase RON, which serves as a receptor for macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP). MSP appears to be structurally related to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is a pleiotropic growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. The effects of human rMSP and rHGF on permanent human megakaryocytic cell lines as well as on human and murine primary marrow megakaryocytes were studied. MSP enhanced the maturation of the primary bone marrow megakaryocytes and human megakaryocytic cell lines, CMK and DAMI, as assessed by an increase in ploidy content. The increase in ploidy was blocked by specific Abs for MSP and by anti-IL-6 Abs. MSP treatment of primary human marrow megakaryocytes, DAMI cells, or CMK cells resulted in enhanced secretion of IL-6. The addition of MSP to cultures of immature murine megakaryoblasts showed a significant growth response, similar to that of exogenous IL-6. This increased growth of immature murine megakaryoblasts in response to MSP was abrogated either by Abs against MSP or by neutralizing mAbs to IL-6. HGF, over a range of concentrations (10 to 100 ng/ml) alone or in combination with IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, or IL-6, had no effect on differentiation of human or murine marrow megakaryocytes. These results indicate that megakaryocytes express a novel tyrosine kinase receptor (RON), and that its ligand, MSP, appears capable of regulating megakaryocyte maturation, possibly via an autocrine mechanism mediated by induction of the cytokine IL-6.
VLSI performance compensation for off-chip drivers and clock generation (1989)

A major problem in VLSI system design is controlling off-chip driver characteristics and skew in clock generation as process parameters, temperature, and supply voltage vary. A control circuit methodology has been developed that senses the relative performance of a CMOS chip and transmits a digitally encoded state to off-chip driver and clock generation circuits to control their operating characteristics
Physical based compact model of Y-Flash memristor for neuromorphic computation (2021)

Y-Flash memristors utilize the mature technology of single polysilicon floating gate nonvolatile memories. It can be operated in a two-terminal configuration similar to the other emerging memristive devices, e.g., resistive random-access memory and phase-change memory. Fabricated in production complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, Y-Flash memristors allow excellent reproducibility reflected in high neuromorphic products yields. Working in the subthreshold region, the device can be programmed to a large number of fine-tuned intermediate states in an analog fashion and allows low readout currents (1 nA ∼ 5 μA). However, currently, there are no accurate models to describe the dynamic switching in this type of memristive device and account for multiple operational configurations. In this paper, we provide a physical-based compact model that describes Y-Flash memristor performance in both DC and AC regimes and consistently describes the dynamic program and erase operations. The model is integrated into the commercial circuit design tools and is ready to be used in applications related to neuromorphic computation.
Development and Validation of New Reverberation Chamber for Wireless Devices (2018)

This paper proposes a reverberation chamber structure consisting of new reflectors and mode stirrers for electromagnetic compatibility and wireless terminal measurements. The key design considerations for them are determined through a reasonable approach to analyze the eigenmode for a reverberation chamber and the standard deviation of its working volume based on 3D simulation. The final designs are expected to improve the standard deviation performance of the initial structure of the reverberation chamber and provide a better mode stirring environment. The results measured in the fabricated chamber demonstrate that these predictions are clearly realized. The results satisfy the main requirements of this paper, which are defined in consideration of the specifications of commercial reverberation chamber products. Therefore, the reverberation chamber of this paper is expected to be useful for performance measurement and evaluation of commercial wireless terminals. To verify this logical approach to obtain a good design and its results, the results measured in the actual fabricated reverberation chamber are described along with analytical and computational results.
Inversion of the Intracellular Na+/K+Ratio Blocks Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle at a Site Upstream of Caspase-3 (1999)

Long term elevation of the intracellular Na+/K+ ratio inhibits macromolecule synthesis and proliferation in the majority of cell types studied so far, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We report here that inhibition of the Na+,K+ pump in VSMC by ouabain or a 1-h preincubation in K+-depleted medium attenuated apoptosis triggered by serum withdrawal, staurosporine, or okadaic acid. In the absence of ouabain, both DNA degradation and Caspase-3 activation in VSMC undergoing apoptosis were insensitive to modification of the extracellular Na+/K+ ratio as well as to hyperosmotic cell shrinkage. In contrast, protection of VSMC from apoptosis by ouabain was abolished under equimolar substitution of Na+o with K+o, showing that the antiapoptotic action of Na+,K+ pump inhibition was caused by inversion of the intracellular Na+/K+ ratio. Unlike VSMC, the same level of increment of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio caused by a 2-h preincubation of Jurkat cells with ouabain did not affect chromatin cleavage and Caspase-3 activity triggered by treatment with Fas ligand, staurosporine, or hyperosmotic shrinkage. Thus, our results show for the first time that similar to cell proliferation, maintenance of a physiologically low intracellular Na+/K+ ratio is required for progression of VSMC apoptosis.
Reduction of computational complexity in the butterfly search technique [ultrasonic blood flow imaging] (1996)

In the butterfly search technique, echoes from repeated firings of a transducer are resampled along a set of predetermined trajectories of constant velocities, called "butterfly lines," because of their intersection and crossing at a reference range. The slope of the trajectory on which the sampled signals satisfy a predetermined criterion appropriate for the type of signal in question, provides an estimate of the velocity of the target. The search for this trajectory is called "butterfly search," which can be carried out efficiently in a parallel processing scheme. The estimator can be based on the radio frequency (RF) A-lines, the envelopes, or the quadrature components. The butterfly search on quadrature components has shown outstanding noise immunity, even with relatively few successive scan lines, and was found to outperform all the common time domain and Doppler techniques in simulations and experiments with strong noise. It can be simply implemented using elementary digital signal processing hardware. However, it is possible to further improve upon its computational complexity to make the technique even simpler to implement, without any complex multipliers in the parallel channels. In this paper, we present some modifications that significantly reduce the computational complexity of butterfly search on quadrature components.
On business activity modeling using grammars (2005)

Web based applications offer a mainstream channel for businesses to manage their activities. We model such business activity in a grammar-based framework. The Backus Naur form notation is used to represent the syntax of a regular grammar corresponding to Web log patterns of interest. Then, a deterministic finite state machine is used to parse Web logs against the grammar. Detected tasks are associated with metadata such as time taken to perform the activity, and aggregated along relevant corporate dimensions.
Construction ofBordetella pertussis Strains ThatOverproduce Genetically Inactivated Pertussis Toxin (1992)

Nontoxic analogs ofpertussis toxin(PT),produced byinvitro mutagenesis ofthetoxoperon, are immunogenic andprotective against infection byBordetella pertussis. Themoderate levels ofPTproduction by B.pertussis, however, makeitthelimiting antigen intheformulation ofmulticomponent, acellular, recombinant whooping coughvaccines. Toincrease production ofthehighly detoxified Lys9G1yl29 PTanalog byB.pertussis, additional copies ofthemutated toxoperon wereintegrated into thebacterial chromosome at thetoxorflaa locus byunmarked allelic exchange. Recombinant strains produced inthis waysecreted elevated levels ofthePTanalog proportional togenedosage. Thestrains werestable during 10-liter fermentations, and yields ofupto80mgofPTanalog perliter wereobtained underproduction-scale conditions. Thenontoxic analog waspurified andshowntobeindistinguishable frommaterial obtained fromaB.pertussis strain that
Diagnostic value of a synthetic peptide derived from Echinococcus granulosus recombinant protein. (1992)

A specific monoclonal antibody (MAb; EG 02 154/12) directed against a protein epitope of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 was used to screen a cDNA library constructed from E. granulosus protoscoleces RNA. One clone designated Eg14 was selected and shown to code for an amino acid sequence partially homologous to that of the clone Eg6 previously identified with the same MAb. Hydrophobic cluster analysis showed that both recombinant antigens may adopt a similar alpha-helical organization and share a common conformational epitope. A synthetic peptide (89-122) mimicking the conformational site of Eg6 and Eg14 was constructed and demonstrated to be able to inhibit binding of the MAb and human hydatid sera to the Eg6 fusion protein (FP6) or to native hydatid antigens. To assess the diagnostic value of the peptide 89-122, we tested sera from patients infected with different parasites for their antibody reactivity with this peptide in ELISA. A high binding sensitivity and specificity of IgG-A-M antibodies were obtained with E. granulosus-infected patient sera. Moreover, the peptide 89-122 was found to be specifically recognized by IgE antibodies from patients with hydatid disease. These results indicate the particular interest of this synthetic peptide as a standardized antigen in diagnosis and treatment surveillance of hydatidosis.