gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron-Induced Gamma Ray Spectroscopy for Reservoir Analysis (1983)

Abstract The weighted least-squares (WLS) approach to spectral analysis has enabled more information to be extracted from the downhole recorded induced gamma ray spectra than was previously possible. GST™ (gamma ray spectroscopy tool), with its optimized inelastic and capture spectral modes, permits analysis of most and often all significant elements present in the formation and provides the possibility of evaluating hydrocarbons, salinity, lithology, porosity, and shaliness. Data have been obtained in a wide range of conditions in open and cased holes with the GST tool both in its present and experimental versions. This paper presents field examples to demonstrate the versatility and potential of the technique, not only as an effective oil-finder independent of water salinity conditions but as a valuable input to a more complete interpretation of well logs.
Collision-induced dissociation pathways of anabolic steroids by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2006)

Anabolic steroids are structurally similar compounds, and their product-ion spectra obtained by tandem mass spectrometry under electrospray ionization conditions are quite difficult to interpret because of poly-ring structures and lack of a charge-retaining center in their chemical structures. In the present study, the fragmentation of nine anabolic steroids of interest to the racing industry was investigated by using triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer, and a linear ion trap instrument. With the aid of an expert system software (Mass Frontier version 3.0), accurate mass measurements, and multiple stage tandem mass spectrometric (MS(n)) experiments, fragmentation pathways were elucidated for boldenone, methandrostenolone, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), trenbolone, normethandrolone and mibolerone. Small differences in the chemical structures of the steroids, such as an additional double-bond or a methyl group, result in significantly different fragmentation pathways. The fragmentation pathways proposed in this paper allow interpretation of major product ions of other anabolic steroids reported by other researchers in a recent publication. The proposed fragmentation pathways are helpful for characterization of new steroids. The approach used in this study for elucidation of the fragmentation pathways is helpful in interpretation of complicated product-ion spectra of other compounds, drugs and their metabolites.
XQuery/IR: Integrating XML Document and Data Retrieval. (2002)

One of the most important features of XML is to provide a unified view to all kinds of structured and semistructured data as well as loosely structured doc-uments. Here, document means a coherent unit of usu-
A Highly Accurate and Consistent Microfluidic Viscometer for Continuous Blood Viscosity Measurement (2010)

A high-precision microfluidic viscometer with a microfluidic channel array composed of 100 indicating channels is demonstrated in this study. The relative viscosity of the sample fluid could be measured by simply counting the number of the indicating channels occupied by the sample and the reference fluids. Using lumped parameter modeling, an analytical solution of the relative viscosity is derived. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed microfluidic viscometer, the viscosity values obtained by the microfluidic viscometer are compared with the ones obtained by a conventional viscometer. In Newtonian fluid (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] solution) tests, the normalized differences in the viscosities measured by two methods are less than 2.5%. In non-Newtonian fluid (whole blood, 45% hematocrit) tests at various shear rates, the viscosities measured by two methods are evaluated by a regression analysis via power law (). The k values for both the microfluidic viscometer and the conventional viscometer are 12.953 and 13.175, respectively; the n values are 0.797 and 0.807, respectively. The normalized differences in two parameters measured by two methods are less than 2%. Thus, it could be concluded that the microfluidic viscometer developed in this study is capable of measuring viscosity of both Newtonian fluid (SDS solution) and non-Newtonian fluid (whole blood) with a relatively high accuracy in a continuous and near real-time fashion. Furthermore, the viscometer could be potentially employed in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures by continuously monitoring viscosity changes due to blood damages and hemodilution.
Composites of carbon nanofibers and thermoplastic polyurethanes with shape‐memory properties prepared by chaotic mixing (2009)

Abstract Composites of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), oxidized carbon nanofibers (ox‐CNFs), and shape‐memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared in a chaotic mixer and their shape‐memory properties evaluated. The polymer was synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol chain extender, and semicrystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol soft segments. The shape‐memory action was triggered by both conductive and resistive heating. It was found that soft segment crystallinity and mechanical reinforcement by nanofibers produced competing effects on shape‐memory properties. A large reduction in soft segment crystallinity in the presence of CNF and stronger mechanical reinforcement by well‐dispersed ox‐CNF determined the shape‐memory properties of the respective composites. It was found that the maximum shape recovery force, respectively, 3 and 4 MPa, was obtained in the cases of 5 and 1 wt% CNF and ox‐CNF, respectively, compared with ∼1.8 MPa for unfilled TPU. The degree of soft segment and hard segment phase separation and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers.
<title>Orientation of a nematic liquid crystal on a soft photoaligning surface</title> (2001)

Orientation of a liquid crystal on an aligning surface is characterized by the direction of an easy axis, e and anchoring energy, W. Traditional rubbed aligning layers provide a rigid surface and a strong anchoring of LC (W>10<SUP>-1</SUP> erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP>). Therefore, magnetic or electric field usually does not reorient director on the aligning surface, and both of these parameters remain constant during the application of the field to the LC cell. Novel aligning materials, such as photoaligning and brush- like orientants possess very soft surface, containing flexible groups and usually provide much smaller anchoring energy (W<10<SUP>-2</SUP> erg cm<SUP>-3</SUP>). In this case the reorientation of the director on the aligning surface is essential. In this report we show that the surface director reorientation can result in the realignment of flexible fragments of a weak anchoring photoaligning surface, i.e. in the modification of the aligning surface. Therefore, both the easy axis and the anchoring energy of the soft aligning layer can be changed during the application of external field to LC cell. The effect of the aligning surface modification induced by director reorientation on a soft surface of polyvinylcinnamate (PVCN) was found in a cell filled with LC 5CB. Namely, we observed that application of electric field results in the producing of a transient pretilt angle of 5CB on the PVCN surface, which relaxed to the initial state after switching off the external field during about 10 min. To describe the obtained results we propose to consider the interface containing LC molecules and flexible fragments of the aligning layer as an LC with effectively high orientation viscosity (gamma) <SUB>s</SUB>. Anchoring energy and easy axis of the LC corresponds to its equilibrium state. In the studied case the value (gamma) <SUB>s</SUB> approximately =5 P is appeared to be in fifty times greater than the value (gamma) <SUB>1</SUB> of 5CB.
Threshold-based magnitude difference function pitch determination algorithms (1991)

Variations of the widely used ‘average magnitude difference function’ (AMDF) algorithm for pitch determination are developed. They are called ‘threshold-based MDF’ (TMDF) and FasTMDF PDAs and incorporate significant computational improvements. Tests and comparisons for all the algorithms discussed are also presented. Real-time implementation is considered both on programmable and special-purpose DSPs. Comparison of execution times on the TMS32020/C25 and the DSP56001 are also included.
The influence of social self-efficacy on online game satisfaction (2007)

A study examined the causal effects of online social self-efficacy on online game life satisfaction. A total of 1,754 Korean online game users who play 'Goon-Zu' completed a questionnaire developed by the present researchers. The results were as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation among online social self-efficacy, social support from online game community, online relation satisfaction, and achievement satisfaction in online games. Second, it was found that the partial mediation model explained the data better than the full mediation model.
The Unique Protein Composition of Honey Revealed by Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis: Allergens, Venom-like Proteins, Antibacterial Properties, Royal Jelly Proteins, Serine Proteases, and Their Inhibitors (2019)

Honey is a unique natural product produced by European honeybees. Due to its high economic value, honey is considered to be well characterized chemically, and it is often discovered to be an adulterated commodity. However, this study shows that our knowledge of honey protein composition, which is of high medical and pharmaceutical importance, is incomplete. In this in-depth proteomic study of 13 honeys, we identified a number of proteins that are important for an understanding of honey properties and merit additional pharmaceutical research. Our major result is an expanded understanding of the proteins underlying honey's antimicrobial properties, such as hymenoptaecin and defensin-1, glucose dehydrogenase isoforms, venom allergens and other venom-like proteins, serine proteases and serine protease inhibitors, and a series of royal jelly proteins. In addition, we performed quantitative comparisons of all of the proteins previously known or newly identified. The honey proteins, determined using label-free nLC-MS/MS in which the same protein quantity was analyzed in one series, were found in relatively similar proportions, although eucalyptus honey differed most widely from the remaining honeys. Overall, the proteome analysis indicated that honeybees supply proteins to honey in a relatively stable ratio within each proteome, but total protein quantity can differ by approximately an order of magnitude in different honeys.
Object-oriented design of an expandable hardware description language analyzer for a high-level synthesis system (1992)

The paper presents a new approach to high-level synthesis system design in which object-oriented programming techniques are used to construct an expansible hardware description language (HDL) analyzer. There are several major advantages of this new methodology over the traditional top-down approaches. The object-oriented data model for high-level synthesis systems is shown to be a better way to model the high-level synthesis design entities. A formal object oriented programming(OOP) model of high-level synthesis and systematic ways of expanding the system are also described. This design style influences the construction of the entire high-level synthesis system. The system has been successfully implemented in C++ and has proven to be reliable, expansible, and sufficiently fast.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gap junction protein connexin40 is preferentially expressed in vascular endothelium and conductive bundles of rat myocardium and is increased under hypertensive conditions. (1993)

Gap junction channels consisting of connexin protein mediate electrical coupling between cardiac cells. Expression of two connexins, connexin40 (Cx40) and connexin43 (Cx43), has been studied in ventricular myocytes from normal and hypertensive rats. Polyclonal affinity-purified rabbit antibodies to Cx43 and Cx40 have been used for immunohistochemical analysis on frozen sections from rat heart. These studies revealed coexpression of Cx43 and Cx40 in ventricular myocytes. In addition, Cx40 is preferentially expressed in three distinct regions: first, in the endothelial layer of the heart blood vessels but not in the smooth muscle layer of the arteries; second, in the ventricular conductive myocardium, particularly in the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches, where Cx43 is not observed; and third, in the myocyte layers close to the ventricular cavities. These results suggest that Cx40 is preferentially expressed in the fast conducting areas of myocardial tissue. Expression of both Cx40 and Cx43 was also found in immunoblots from normal and hypertensive rat myocardiocytes. Under hypertensive conditions (ie, in spontaneous hypertensive rats and in transgenic rats that exhibit hypertension due to expression of an exogenous renin gene), we found a 3.1-fold increase in Cx40 expression, compared with normal myocardium. Furthermore, we detected a 3.3-fold decrease in Cx43 protein level in transgenic hypertensive rats. The coexpression of Cx40 and Cx43 proteins in rat myocytes, their spatial distribution, and the increased amount of Cx40 protein during cardiac hypertrophy suggest that Cx40 may be involved in mediating fast conduction under normal and pathological conditions. The increased expression of Cx40 in hypertrophic heart may be a compensatory mechanism to increase conduction velocity.
An anatomical atlas to support the virtual planning of hip operations. (2000)

Two three-dimensional digitized atlases of a female and a male pelvis were generated to support the virtual 3D-planning of hip operations. Beside the anatomical labeling of bone structures the determination of orthopedic measures, like angles, distances or sizes of contact areas, is important for the planning of hip operations. Thus, each atlas consists of labeled reference CT data sets, a set of landmarks as well as definitions of orthopedic measures and methods for their automatic computation. Furthermore, methods for the automatic transfer of anatomical labels from the atlas to an individual data set are presented resulting in three-dimensional models of the patient's bone structures. The anatomical atlases are designed to replace the interactive, time-consuming pre-processing steps for the virtual 3D operation planning.
Review Colorectal Cancer Screening:Current Available Methods (2008)

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most frequent cancers in North America.The identification of individuals at risk and the early diagnosis of CRC are of critical importance since a large proportion can be prevented or cured by surgical removal before metastasis has occurred.The strategies used for screening have been based primarily on fecal occult blood tests,barium enema,flexible sigmoidoscopy,and colonoscopy.The best method for population screening still remains uncertain,molecular screening or other new techniques will hopefully soon complement these methods and may result in a reduction of morbidity and mortality from CRC.This review discusses the current various CRC screening methods and other potential screening tests,and finally outlines the future CRC screening program development.
Alginate: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications (2016)

Over the last decades, alginates, natural multifunctional polymers, have increasingly drawn attention as attractive compounds in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile biological activities. The focus of the paper is to describe biological and pharmacological activity of alginates and to discuss the present use and future possibilities of alginates as a tool in drug formulation. The recent technological advancements with using alginates, issues related to alginates suitability as matrix for three-dimensional tissue cultures, adjuvants of antibiotics, and antiviral agents in cell transplantation in diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases treatment, and an update on the antimicrobial and antiviral therapy of the alginate based drugs are also highlighted.
Addition of CCl4 to olefins catalyzed by chromium and ruthenium complexes: The influence of water as a nucleophilic additive (2009)

The feasibility of the addition of CCl4 to linear and cyclic olefins and dienes in the presence of chromium and ruthenium complexes was established. The influence of water as a nucleophilic additive and the influence of the olefin nature, the catalyst central atom, and its ligand environment on the reaction selectivity and product yields were investigated. It was shown that the addition of water to chromium and ruthenium catalysts leads to the hydrolysis of the chloromethyl group in the resulting 1,1,1,3-tetrachloro derivatives, yielding the corresponding hydroxy derivatives and increasing the selectivity for the formation of (1 + 1) adducts, which is caused by the formation of hypochlorous acid playing the role of a coactivator of the addition of CCl4 to alkenes.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles Facilitate Molecular Targeting and miRNA Delivery to Inhibit Atherosclerosis in ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> Mice (2015)

The current study presents an effective and selective multifunctional nanoparticle used to deliver antiatherogenic therapeutics to inflamed pro-atherogenic regions without off-target changes in gene expression or particle-induced toxicities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression, playing a critical role in biology and disease including atherosclerosis. While anti-miRNA are emerging as therapeutics, numerous challenges remain due to their potential off-target effects, and therefore the development of carriers for selective delivery to diseased sites is important. Yet, co-optimization of multifunctional nanoparticles with high loading efficiency, a hidden cationic domain to facilitate lysosomal escape and a dense, stable incorporation of targeting moieties is challenging. Here, we create coated, cationic lipoparticles (CCLs), containing anti-miR-712 (∼1400 molecules, >95% loading efficiency) within the core and with a neutral coating, decorated with 5 mol % of peptide (VHPK) to target vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). Optical imaging validated disease-specific accumulation as anti-miR-712 was efficiently delivered to inflamed mouse aortic endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. As with the naked anti-miR-712, the delivery of VHPK-CCL-anti-miR-712 effectively downregulated the d-flow induced expression of miR-712 and also rescued the expression of its target genes tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) in the endothelium, resulting in inhibition of metalloproteinase activity. Moreover, an 80% lower dose of VHPK-CCL-anti-miR-712 (1 mg/kg dose given twice a week), as compared with naked anti-miR-712, prevented atheroma formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. While delivery of naked anti-miR-712 alters expression in multiple organs, miR-712 expression in nontargeted organs was unchanged following VHPK-CCL-anti-miR-712 delivery.
Designing information hotspots for the surgical suite: how architecture, artifacts, and people's behavior converge to support coordination (2009)

Shared information displays are increasingly present in built environments. Terminal displays in airports show arrival and departure information, monitors in hotels and convention centers show room assignments, and whiteboards in hospitals show schedules and help staff know what others are doing. One of the most important types of displays is the schedule board for surgical suites. Surgical suites are a highly dynamic setting, where doctors, nurses, equipment, rooms, and patients must be perfectly coordinated. Schedule changes occur frequently and must be shared among staff. This research examines the design of hospital architecture (placement of walls, corridors, furnishings) and information artifacts for more effective information sharing and coordination of surgeries. I conducted field studies in four hospital surgical suites and a survey of surgical suite directors nationwide. I describe factors of the architecture, and information available around surgical suite schedule displays that are associated with information sharing and coordination outcomes. From the field studies, I developed the concept of an information hotspot—a place where people congregate to receive and provide information, public displays offer up-to-date information, and coordination workers answer questions, resolve conflicts, and keep information up-to-date. The information hotspot concept guided my design research. I developed design principles for the placement of schedule boards and control desks; design guidelines for the location of surgical suite displays and control desks; an evaluation list for surgical suites; and a three-tiered design intervention strategy ranging in implementation effort. In a follow-up national survey of surgical suite directors, I studied linkages between surgical suite architecture, information artifacts and communication practices, workplace characteristics, information sharing, and coordination speed and stress. I found that visibility between the schedule board and control desk in the surgical suite, traffic-free areas around the schedule board, and complete, up-to-date schedule board information were related to information sharing and coordination outcomes.
Improving the Service Operations of Fast-food Restaurants (2016)

In the food industry, it is important for an organization to leverage their customer's satisfaction and this can be achieved through superior customer service. The goals of this study were to investigate the causes and problems faced by the selected restaurant and to provide suggestions on how to improve the slow customer service based on the numerous domains of operations management. A local restaurant in Kuching (Malaysia) was selected for the case study. Slow customer service has been identified as the main problem. The causes of this problem were identified and classified into four categories which involved people, environment, equipment/materials and method/procedure. This study also offered ways to improve its operational performance and overcome the problem of poor service operations. The alternatives offered include (1) Quality Function Development which helped in determining what will satisfy the customers and where to put the quality effort, (2) Total Quality Management (TQM), (3) process focus which uses service blueprint to strengthen the interaction between customers and the restaurant, (4) layout, (5) human resource management, (6) practice of good supply chain management, and (7) maintenance to get the most benefits and trouble-free services out of the restaurant equipment by performing regular maintenance. This paper hopes to provide relevant insights for service quality and customer satisfaction improvement for restaurant service operations.
Systems concept for speech technology application in general aviation (1984)

The application potential of voice recognition and synthesis circuits for general aviation, single-pilot IFR (SPIFR) situations is examined. The viewpoint of the pilot was central to workload analyses and assessment of the effectiveness of the voice systems. A twin-engine, high performance general aviation aircraft on a cross-country fixed route was employed as the study model. No actual control movements were considered and other possible functions were scored by three IFR-rated instructors. The SPIFR was concluded helpful in alleviating visual and manual workloads during take-off, approach and landing, particularly for data retrieval and entry tasks. Voice synthesis was an aid in alerting a pilot to in-flight problems. It is expected that usable systems will be available within 5 yr.