gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Breast Implants on the Radiographic Detection of Microcalcification and Soft-Tissue Masses (1989)

Current implants for breast augmentation containing silicone gel, saline, or both can totally obscure mammographic detection of microcalcifications and soft-tissue masses. To investigate the possibility of developing a more radiolucent implant, radiographs were obtained of silicone shells that contained silicone gel, saline, silicone gel and saline, polyurethane-covered silicone gel, gelatin, sunflower oil, and peanut oil. All radiographs were obtained using a Siemens Mammomat by placing the implant over an American College of Radiology mammography phantom. Results were measured by the ability to visualize or resolve the artifacts in the mammography phantom. The silicone shell alone minimally altered artifact resolution. Silicone shells filled with silicone gel, silicone gel and saline, saline alone, polyurethane-covered silicone gel, and gelatin were equal in radiodensity and completely obscured all phantom artifacts. Silicone shells filled with peanut oil and sunflower oil had equal radiodensity and allowed visualization of large microcalcifications and some soft-tissue masses. Current implants used for augmentation mammaplasty can totally obscure mammographic detection of microcalcifications and soft-tissue masses. A more radiolucent breast implant is possible, and further research is needed to define the best filler material and test its biocompatibility.
A novel discrete dimming ballast for linear fluorescent lamps (2004)

In this paper, new discrete dimming ballast for linear fluorescent lamps is proposed. Dimming control circuit is combined with a ballast module for multiple lamps to realize three discrete lighting levels. Compared with conventional step dimming or on/off control methods, the proposed discrete dimming method has the following advantages: (1) digital signal is generated by the dimming control circuit to control turn on and off which makes the system more reliable and integrated. (2) The proposed discrete dimming system replaces the relays, which are necessary in conventional lamp on/off control. It decreases the cost of the overall system. (3) The proposed dimming ballast can be installed by keeping the original wiring system. This makes the upgrading of lighting systems more effective and efficient. (4) The proposed dimming control circuit also provides a good isolation for operating the low voltage wall switches by hand safely. Both simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.
Construction of LPS Mutants (2003)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the meningococcal outer membrane. It consists of a hexa-acylated glucosamine disaccharide substituted at both ends with diphosphoethanolamine, to which an oligosaccharide chain of up to 10 sugar residues is attached (1,2). It lacks a long repeating O-antigen side chain, as is typically found in many Enterobacteriaceae, and is therefore also sometimes referred to as lipooligosaccharide or LOS. The oligosaccharide part shows structural variation among strains, which forms the basis for division into the different immunotypes L1 to L12 (3). In addition, individual strains can vary their LPS structure through high-frequency phase variation of several genes encoding glycosyltransferases (4). This can affect virulence-related properties such as invasion of host cells and serum resistance (5). In the context of vaccine development, meningococcal LPS is relevant in several ways. First, the cell surface-exposed oligosaccharide part may contain epitopes recognized by bactericidal or otherwise protective antibodies; however, the presence of host-identical structures such as the terminal lacto-N-neotetraose means that the possibility of inducing autoimmune pathology should also be considered (6). Second, the membrane-anchoring lipid A part has strong endotoxin activity, by inducing the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in a variety of host cells (7). This plays a major role in the pathological manifestations of meningococcal sepsis, and is also responsible for most of the reactogenicity found with outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based vaccines.
Chiral Hypervalent Organoiodine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Spirolactonization of Naphthol Derivatives (2017)

Highly enantioselective oxidative dearomatization of 2-naphthol derivatives was achieved for the first time by using conformationally flexible organoiodine catalysts derived from 2-aminoalcohol as a chiral source. Moreover, with the use of these catalysts, excellent enantioselectivities were also achieved for 1-naphthol derivatives, which had previously been obtained with only lower enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the product obtained from the present reaction could be transformed to a highly functionalized spirolactone in high yield and with excellent stereoselectivity.
A Post-Quantum Fuzzy Commitment Scheme for Biometric Template Protection: An Experimental Study (2021)

The proliferation and extensive acceptance of biometrics in many sectors is due to its merits over traditional password-based authentication. Several biometric template protection schemes have been proposed during the last decade to address the security and privacy issues related to biometrics. While error-correcting coding is required in the design of these schemes, it has been shown to degrade security and accuracy performance. In this study, a new post-quantum fuzzy commitment scheme (PQFC) for biometric template protection is designed, which is proved to be secure based on the Short Vector Problem (SVP) of the lattice. The present work provides the first systematic construction of biometric template protection that does not rely on error-correcting codes. To that purpose, a novel biometric-based PQFC authentication system based on a smartcard is created, with the biometric template protected by PQFC. Furthermore, biometric matching is done indirectly. The biometric-based PQFC authentication system is examined using an iris database of 108 individuals. According to the experimental data, the accuracy of iris recognition with PQFC is 99.1 percent, which is higher than the accuracy without PQFC, which is 97.4 percent. A False Accepting Rate (FAR) of 0% is achieved, while the False Rejection Rate (FRR) is 2.9%. The FRR can be adjusted by employing the best standard iris recognition algorithm. The execution time for the essential operations of PQFC and the storage requirements are estimated. Furthermore, the security of the proposed authentication system is analyzed, showing that the renewability, unlinkability, and irreversibility of the ISO/IEC 24745 standard are fulfilled without downgrading the accuracy. The overall performance of this work demonstrated that the PQFC is a promising technique for biometric template protection that is also suitable for the Internet of Things and cloud computing applications.
Speech enhancement using noise estimation based on dynamic quantile tracking for hearing impaired listeners (2015)

Persons with sensorineural hearing loss experience difficulty in speech perception in noisy environments. They can benefit from signal processing for suppressing the background noise in their hearing aids. For such an application, a speech enhancement technique using spectral subtraction and noise spectrum estimation based on dynamic quantile tracking is presented. It does not involve voice activity detection or storage and sorting of past spectral samples. Enhancement of speech corrupted with different types of additive stationary and non-stationary noise showed improvement in speech quality to be equivalent to an SNR advantage of 3 - 6 dB. The technique is implemented and tested for satisfactory real-time operation, with sampling frequency of 10 kHz, on a 16-bit fixed-point DSP processor with on-chip FFT hardware.
Hardware-assisted view-dependent map simplification (2001)

In this paper, we present an algorithm and a system to perform dynamic view dependent simplification of large geographical maps through a novel use of graphics hardware. Given a map as a collection of non-intersecting chains and a tolerance parameter for each chain, we produce a simplified map that resembles the original map, satisfying the condition that the distance between each point on the simplified chain and the original chain is within the given tolerance parameter, and that no two chains intersect. We also present an interactive map visualization system which uses frame-to-frame coherence to perform dynamic view-dependent simplification. Our initial results indicate that we get a 3-4 fold increase in the frame rates using our simplification algorithm on maps with 1.5-2 million vertices on an SGI Onyx workstation.
Deconvolution-Based Structured Light System with Geometrically Plausible Regularization (2008)

This paper presents a new deconvolution-based energy formulation for segmenting the image of stripe-based patterns projected by structured light systems. Our framework features an explicit modeling of the blurring introduced by the lens of a structured light system. This allows a significant improvement when working out of focus, a situation which occurs when performing depth measurement. The proposed iterative algorithm includes two steps: a deconvolution and a segmentation. For both steps, a geometrically plausible regularization term is used. It considers the projected displacement induced by the camera, projector and scene configuration. We validate our method using real imagery acquired using off-the-shelf equipment.
Liquid-Crystal Photonic-Band-Gap Materials: The Tunable Electromagnetic Vacuum (1999)

We demonstrate that when an optically birefringent nematic liquid crystal is infiltrated into the void regions of an inverse opal, photonic-band-gap (PBG) material, the resulting composite material exhibits a completely tunable PBG. In particular, the three-dimensional PBG can be completely opened or closed by applying an electric field which rotates the axis of the nematic molecules relative to the inverse opal backbone. Tunable light localization effects may be realized by controlling the orientational disorder in the nematic.
Structural basis for the function and regulation of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 (2005)

CD45 is the prototypic member of transmembrane receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) and has essential roles in immune functions. The cytoplasmic region of CD45, like many other RPTPs, contains two homologous protein tyrosine phosphatase domains, active domain 1 (D1) and catalytically impaired domain 2 (D2). Here, we report crystal structure of the cytoplasmic D1D2 segment of human CD45 in native and phosphotyrosyl peptide-bound forms. The tertiary structures of D1 and D2 are very similar, but doubly phosphorylated CD3zeta immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif peptide binds only the D1 active site. The D2 "active site" deviates from the other active sites significantly to the extent that excludes any possibility of catalytic activity. The relative orientation of D1 and D2 is very similar to that observed in leukocyte common antigen-related protein with both active sites in an open conformation and is restrained through an extensive network of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and salt bridges. This crystal structure is incompatible with the wedge model previously suggested for CD45 regulation.
Optical dental Care for Children, from Caries Prediction to Therapy Monitoring (2018)

Dentists rely on visual examination for diagnosing tooth decay which lacks quantification. To predict enamel demineralization, pH is spectrally mapped using fluorescence. To monitor enamel healing, lesion extent is measured using infrared endoscopic imaging.
Montacin and <i>cis</i>-Montacin, Two New Cytotoxic Monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous Acetogenins from <i>Annona </i><i>m</i><i>ontana</i> (2004)

Two new monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, montacin (1), and cis-montacin (2), along with four known acetogenins, annonacin, cis-annonacin, annomontacin, and cis-annomontacin, were isolated from the seeds of Annona montana. The structures of the new isolates were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. The new acetogenins exhibited moderate in vitro cytotoxic activity against the 1A9 human ovarian cancer cell line. Interestingly, when Ca(2+) was present, compounds 1 and 2 became 3- to 10-fold more active against 1A9 cells and the PTX10 subline.
Synthesis of high quality diamond films in a turbulent flame (1991)

High quality polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized in a premixed, turbulent oxygen-acetylene flame, using a commercial brazing torch. The quality of the films was measured by Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and hemispherical transmittance measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. Turbulence was achieved by operating the torch with a sufficiently high Reynolds number. The presence of turbulence was confirmed by observations of changes in the flame shape, the characteristic sound of the flame, and calculation of the Reynold’s number.
Online Fault Tolerance for FPGA Logic Blocks (2007)

Most adaptive computing systems use reconfigurable hardware in the form of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). For these systems to be fielded in harsh environments where high reliability and availability are a must, the applications running on the FPGAs must tolerate hardware faults that may occur during the lifetime of the system. In this paper, we present new fault-tolerant techniques for FPGA logic blocks, developed as part of the roving self-test areas (STARs) approach to online testing, diagnosis, and reconfiguration . Our techniques can handle large numbers of faults (we show tolerance of over 100 logic faults via actual implementation on an FPGA consisting of a 20 times 20 array of logic blocks). A key novel feature is the reuse of defective logic blocks to increase the number of effective spares and extend the mission life. To increase fault tolerance, we not only use nonfaulty parts of defective or partially faulty logic blocks, but we also use faulty parts of defective logic blocks in nonfaulty modes. By using and reusing faulty resources, our multilevel approach extends the number of tolerable faults beyond the number of currently available spare logic resources. Unlike many column, row, or tile-based methods, our multilevel approach can tolerate not only faults that are evenly distributed over the logic area, but also clusters of faults in the same local area. Furthermore, system operation is not interrupted for fault diagnosis or for computing fault-bypassing configurations. Our fault tolerance techniques have been implemented using ORCA 2C series FPGAs which feature incremental dynamic runtime reconfiguration
Spherical Bistable Micromechanism (2008)

A new micromechanism, the spherical bistable micromechanism (SBM), is described. The SBM has several advantageous features, which include two stable positions that require power only in transitioning from one position to the other; robustness against small disturbances; and a compact footprint and an output link with a stable out-of-plane orientation. The SBM may be useful in applications such as 2D optical mirror arrays or in erecting out-of-plane structures.
Not All SCID Pigs Are Created Equally: Two Independent Mutations in the <i>Artemis</i> Gene Cause SCID in Pigs (2015)

Mutations in >30 genes are known to result in impairment of the adaptive immune system, causing a group of disorders collectively known as SCID. SCID disorders are split into groups based on their presence and/or functionality of B, T, and NK cells. Piglets from a line of Yorkshire pigs at Iowa State University were shown to be affected by T(-)B(-)NK(+) SCID, representing, to our knowledge, the first example of naturally occurring SCID in pigs. In this study, we present evidence for two spontaneous mutations as the molecular basis for this SCID phenotype. Flow cytometry analysis of thymocytes showed an increased frequency of immature T cells in SCID pigs. Fibroblasts from these pigs were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than non-SCID piglets, eliminating the RAG1 and RAG2 genes. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that two mutations were present in the Artemis gene, which in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state cause the immunodeficient phenotype. Rescue of SCID fibroblast radiosensitivity by human Artemis protein demonstrated that the identified Artemis mutations are the direct cause of this cellular phenotype. The work presented in the present study reveals two mutations in the Artemis gene that cause T(-)B(-)NK(+) SCID in pigs. The SCID pig can be an important biomedical model, but these mutations would be undesirable in commercial pig populations. The identified mutations and associated genetic tests can be used to address both of these issues.
A double-epitaxial process for high-density DRAM trench-capacitor isolation (1987)

A new double-epi structure for isolating deep (>5 µm) trench capacitors with 1 µm or less spacing is described. This technique consists of a thin lightly doped upper epilayer on top of a thicker and more heavily doped bottom layer of epi. The low resistivity bottom epilayer is designed to isolate trench capacitors of any depth. The upper layer with high resistivity is used for the CMOS periphery and can be selectively doped to achieve a near-uniform concentration to isolate trench capacitors in the core. Isolation between deep trenches at 1.0-µm spacing has been demonstrated to be applicable for 4 Mbit and greater DRAM integration levels.
Planning and improving global software development process using simulation (2006)

Global software development poses a number of challenges and difficulties as well as significant potential benefits. In order to be successful, companies need to adapt and improve their processes to support this kind of development. Strong project planning and management is also required. Software process simulation modeling has been used to address a variety of issues in software development projects ranging from strategic management, project planning and control, process improvement, to training and understanding. We believe that a hybrid simulation model combining system dynamics and discrete-event models is needed to effectively model global software development projects. In this paper, we describe such a model, and focus on the use of the model to support project planning and process improvement in global software development. Example questions/issues that can be addressed by our GSD model are provided, along with an illustrative application.
Characterization of the components of hemolysin BL from Bacillus cereus (1991)

Previously we described the partial purification of a novel hemolysin from Bacillus cereus and showed that hemolytic activity required the combined action of at least two components, called B and L to signify their cell-binding and cell-lytic roles in this activity. On further purification, as described in the present article, a combination of anion-exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated three proteins, B, L1, and L2 (35, 36, and 45 kDa, respectively). Individually, these proteins were inactive in hemolytic and vascular permeability assays, and combinations of B and L1 or B and L2 were either inactive or slightly active. Combinations of all three moieties produced the unique ring-shaped zone of hemolysis, a previously described characteristic of hemolysin BL, as well as edema and bluing in the vascular permeability assay. Since the vascular permeability assay is known to correlate with enterotoxicity, these results suggest that hemolysin BL is enterotoxigenic. Furthermore, the molecular weights and isoelectric point values of the hemolysin BL components are consistent with those described by others for the multicomponent diarrheal enterotoxin of B. cereus. Immunofluorescent staining of B-treated erythrocytes confirmed that B binds to cells as an initial step required before the L components can act to cause cell lysis.
The First Practical Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Pyrethrolone, an Alcohol Moiety of Natural Pyrethrins I and II (1993)

Journal Article The First Practical Synthesis of (S)-Pyrethrolone, an Alcohol Moiety of Natural Pyrethrins I and II Get access Noritada Matsuo, Noritada Matsuo Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka Research Center, 4–2–1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tohei Takagaki, Tohei Takagaki Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka Research Center, 4–2–1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keisuke Watanabe, Keisuke Watanabe Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka Research Center, 4–2–1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuo Ohno Nobuo Ohno Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka Research Center, 4–2–1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 4, 1 January 1993, Pages 693–694, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.693 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 14 December 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
New Core and Sealer Materials for Root Canal Obturation and Retrofilling (2002)

A new endodontic obturation and retrofilling material has been invented to satisfy Grossman's requirements for an ideal material. Methylene blue dye leakage studies were carried out to compare the new material with conventional products, for both obturation and retrofilling. The experimental material when used in root canal obturation had a mean apical leakage of 0.49+/-0.27 mm, compared with 3.75+/-2.81 mm for the conventional material (p < 0.01, t test). Retrofilling leakage was not significantly different from that of a glass-ionomer (p < 0.01, t test) but was substantially lower than that of MTA and Super EBA (p < 0.01, Chi-square test). It was concluded that leakage in root canal obturation was reduced by an order of magnitude and in retrofilling was significantly better than clinically advocated materials. It was inferred that the adhesion mechanism used has contributed to the reduction in leakage.
Formation and Stabilization of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters Using Small Molecules (2010)

Biological molecular imaging and sensing requires fluorophores that are not only stable and bright, but also small enough to allow the unencumbered observation of the movement of proteins. Toward this goal, we have studied the formation of fluorescent metallic gold nanoclusters stabilized by small molecule ligands. The morpholine and piperazine backbones of Good’s buffers were used to template fluorescent clusters, through a process of etching of nanoparticles first formed in the reaction. The clusters are found to be subnanometer sized, with nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes and as bright, or brighter, than the commercial dye norharmane.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 1 <i>H</i> ‐Pyrazoles by Copper‐mediated Coupling of Enaminones with Nitriles (2014)

Abstract This article describes the developing an efficient and modular synthesis of pyrazoles by copper‐mediated coupling of enaminones with nitriles with high regioselectivity and broad substrate scope. The convenient up‐scaling of the reaction to 20 mmol scale shows the practicality of this transformation and its applicability in organic synthesis.