gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of plasminogen activators in peritoneal adhesion formation (2002)

Intra-abdominal adhesion formation is a major complication of serosal repair following surgery, ischaemia or infection, leading to conditions such as intestinal obstruction and infertility. It has been proposed that the persistence of fibrin, due to impaired plasminogen activator activity, results in the formation of adhesions between damaged serosal surfaces. This study aimed to assess the role of fibrinolysis in adhesion formation using mice deficient in either of the plasminogen activator proteases, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). We hypothesize that, following serosal injury, mice with decreased peritoneal fibrinolytic activity will be more susceptible to adhesion formation. Adhesion formation was induced in tPA- and uPA-deficient and wild-type mice following either surgical trauma to the serosa with haemorrhage and acute or chronic intraperitoneal inflammation. Adhesion formation was assessed from 1 to 4 weeks post-injury. Mice deficient in tPA were more susceptible to adhesion formation following both a surgical insult and a chronic inflammatory episode compared with uPA-deficient and wild-type mice. In addition, the time of maximal adhesion formation varied depending on the nature of the initial insult. It is proposed that the persistence of fibrin due to decreased tPA activity following surgery or chronic inflammation plays a major role in peritoneal adhesion formation.
Nonenzymatic Browning Reactions of Dihydroxyacetone with Amino Acids or Their Esters (1980)

Nonenzymatic browning reactions between dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and amino acids were investigated using buffers as solvents. Regardless of the type of amino acid, DHA was much more reactive than glucose or xylose. Among amino acids tested, lysine was most reactive. The rate of browning was maximum around a DHA-amino acid molar ratio of 1.5, when the total concentration of DHA plus amino acid was constant at 0.1 m. When aqueous alcohols were used as solvents, the browning intensity in the reaction between DHA and proline or amino acid ester increased exponentially with a decrease in water content.
Improved Method for Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes Using cDNA Indexing (2000)

In cDNA indexing, differentially expressed genes are identified by the display of specific, corresponding subsets of cDNA. Subdivision of the cDNA population is achieved by the sequence-specific ligation of adapters to the overhangs created by class IIS restriction enzymes. However, inadequate specificity of ligation leads to redundancy between different adapter subsets. We evaluate the incidence of mismatches between adapters and class IIS restriction fragments during ligation and describe a modified set of conditions that improves ligation specificity. The improved protocol reduces redundancy between amplified cDNA subsets, which leads to a lower number of bands per lane of the differential display gel, and therefore simplifies analysis. We confirm the validity of this revised protocol by identifying five differentially expressed genes in mouse duodenum and ileum.
Claudin-18.2 as a therapeutic target in cancers: cumulative findings from basic research and clinical trials (2021)

Claudins are major components of tight junctions that maintain cell polarity and intercellular adhesion. The dynamics of claudins in cancer cells have attracted attention as a therapeutic target. During carcinogenesis, claudin expression is generally downregulated; however, overexpression of claudin-18.2 has been observed in several types of cancers. Upregulated and mislocalized claudin-18.2 expression in cancer cells has been suggested as a therapeutic target. Research on claudin-18.2 has revealed its involvement in carcinogenesis. Clinical trials using zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting claudin-18.2, for patients with advanced cancer yielded positive results with few high-grade adverse events; thus, it is expected to be a novel and effective therapeutic. Here, we review current insights into the role that claudin-18.2 plays in basic cancer research and clinical applications. A better understanding of these roles will facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for cancer patients with poor prognoses.
Self-Assembly Behavior and Doxorubicin-Loading Capacity of Acylated Carboxymethyl Chitosans (2009)

A new type of acylated carboxymethyl amphiphilic chitosan (ACC) with the use of acyl chain of varying lengths, from C(2) to C(12), and various degrees of acyl substitution was successfully synthesized and has been characterized in terms of its self-assembly behavior, structural stability, and drug encapsulation. The resulting nanostructure of the ACC nanoaggregates can be well manipulated through a control of hydrophobicity. Structural evolution of the self-assembled nanoaggregates is extensively characterized via (1)H NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TEM. A critical value of the hydrophobic effect, (X(DH) x X(Cn)), i.e., a product of "degree of acyl substitution" and "carbon number of acyl chain", can be employed as an indicator for structural variation of the nanoaggregates: when (X(DH) x X(Cn)) exceeded 1.5, the architecture of the nanoaggregates underwent a structural transformation from solid nanoparticle to hollow nanocapsules. The nanoaggregates exhibited an excellent colloidal and structural stability in aqueous medium. An improved affinity toward drug encapsulation, i.e., doxorubicin, can be technically designed according to the amphiphilic nature of the resulting nanoaggregates for drug delivery.
Excitonic recombination radiation in undoped and boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamonds (1993)

The correlation between free-exciton and bound-exciton recombination has been investigated by cathodoluminescence in high-quality and impurity-controlled chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films. The films are formed by [CO(5%)]/[${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$] using microwave-plasma CVD and are doped with ${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$ during deposition. In moderately doped (below 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) semiconducting diamonds, the intensity ratio between bound-exciton and free-exciton recombination reflects the boron concentration in the films. It indicates the possibility for a measure of the acceptor concentration in semiconducting diamond. The temperature dependence of the recombination of the excitons bound to neutral acceptors from 80 to 160 K shows the activation energy of 50--60 meV which is comparable to the binding energy of the excitons bound to acceptors. In the same temperature range, the intensity of free-exciton recombination is almost constant due to the high exciton binding energy of 80 meV. As the boron concentration increases, the effective dissociation of the bound excitons becomes low and the emission is stable above 200 K. In heavily doped samples (above ${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$), the direct recombination without phonon emission from the conduction band to the acceptor level takes place.
Flip-chip bonded arrays of monolithically integrated, microlensed vertical cavity lasers and resonant photodetectors (2002)

We present flip-chip bonded arrays of novel, monolithically integrated, microlensed vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs) and resonant photodetectors. The bottom emitting VCLs exhibit ∼300 μA threshold currents, while adjacent detectors have the same operating wavelength and responsivities of ∼0.4 A/W. Only a single epitaxial growth is required.
Now You Feel It, Now You Don't (2003)

Recent theoretical accounts of emotion regulation assign an important role in this process to the prefrontal cortex, yet there is little relevant data available to support this hypothesis. The current study assessed the relation between individual differences in asymmetric prefrontal activation and an objective measure of uninstructed emotion regulation. Forty-seven participants 57 to 60 years old viewed emotionally arousing and neutral visual stimuli while eyeblink startle data were collected. Startle probes were also presented after picture presentation to capture the persistence or attenuation of affect following the offset of an emotional stimulus. Subjects with greater relative left-sided anterior activation in scalp-recorded brain electrical signals displayed attenuated startle magnitude after the offset of negative stimuli. This relation between resting frontal activation and recovery following an aversive event supports the idea of a frontally mediated mechanism involved in one form of automatic emotion regulation.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF B‐VITAMINS IN RICE AND RICE PRODUCTS (1979)

ABSTRACT A comparative study was carried out on rice and rice products for chemical evaluation of three water soluble vitamins namely, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin using two different methods of determination (High Performance Liquid Chromatography vs. Wet Chemistry Procedures). The high performance liquid chromatographic method proved to be rapid and accurate. Statistical data showed no significant differences between the two methods of determination for thiamine and riboflavin, but a significant difference was observed for niacin. The rapid analytical procedure is accurate enough to warrant the collaborative work needed for quality assurance and nutritional labeling of food products.
Modeling of Complex Geometries and Boundary Conditions in Finite Difference/Finite Volume Time Domain Room Acoustics Simulation (2013)

Due to recent increases in computing power, room acoustics simulation in 3D using time stepping schemes is becoming a viable alternative to standard methods based on ray tracing and the image source method. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methods, operating over regular grids, are perhaps the best known among such methods, which simulate the acoustic field in its entirety over the problem domain. In a realistic room acoustics setting, working over a regular grid is attractive from a computational standpoint, but is complicated by geometrical considerations, particularly when the geometry does not conform neatly to the grid, and those of boundary conditions which emulate the properties of real wall materials. Both such features may be dealt with through an appeal to methods operating over unstructured grids, such as finite volume methods, which reduce to FDTD when employed over regular grids. Through numerical energy analysis, such methods lead to direct stability conditions for complex problems, including convenient geometrical conditions at irregular boundaries. Simulation results are presented.
Residual chirp in integrated-optic modulators (1992)

The authors have analyzed and measured the dispersion effects of residual chirp arising from asymmetry in field overlap in Mach-Zehnder structures. A clear influence of chirp was seen at 7 Gb/s and a propagation length of 75-km nondispersion shifted fiber at lambda =1.55 mu m. It is shown that a MZ-modulator with field overlap in one arm only and operated in the blue-shift mode is the best choice for single coplanar stripline (CPS) electrode MZ-modulators in this case. Calculations have shown good agreement with measured results. This indicates that a simple model for fiber mode propagation have shown good agreement with measured results. This can be used together with a FFT-algorithm for calculating the effect of residual chirp from external modulators in multigigabit dispersive fiber-optic systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct chemical extraction of a recombinant viral coat protein from <i>Escherichia coli</i> at high cell density (2001)

The release of protein and DNA from nonrecombinant E. coli JM101 and recombinant E. coli HMS174(DE3) expressing L1 (the major viral coat protein of human papillomavirus type 16) as an inclusion body was demonstrated at high cell density (OD(600) = 160). For the nonrecombinant strain, extraction efficiency decreased significantly as cell mass increased, with a high viscosity increase in the postextraction broth. A different dependence on cell concentration was observed for the recombinant strain, with total protein extraction efficiency exceeding 85% for both uninduced and induced cells. Almost complete release of the recombinant L1 protein was achieved at high cell concentration (OD(600) = 80 approximately 160) without the use of reducing agent. This greatly extends the concentration range for chemical extraction.
Cisco Security Bible (2002)

From the Publisher:
Cisco Security Bible joins 2 hot topics  security and Cisco  in one comprehensive volume on installing, configuring, operating and managing the popular and effective Cisco network security products.
Author Biography: Author Rajesh, K.S. from NIIT is a Cisco expert on paper and in practice. He brings his Cisco security knowledge to Cisco Security Bible in the form of classroom study as well as leadership and hands-on configuration for several Cisco security network implementation projects. He is a true expert in the field.
Mitochondrial Function, Morphology, and Axonal Transport in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2009)

Perturbation of organellar axonal transport is increasingly recognized as an important contributor in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the specificity of this impairment remains to be elucidated, growing evidence suggests that in certain disease conditions, mitochondria are affected primarily by transport defects. Many hypotheses have been formulated to explain the pathogenic mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutations described so far in genetic forms of ALS (familial ALS, fALS) affect proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including free radical scavenging, energy metabolism, axonal transport, RNA processing, DNA repair, vesicular transport, and angiogenesis. Here we review the current knowledge on mitochondrial transport and its role in ALS.
Optimization and synthesis for complex reactive embedded systems by incremental collapsing (2002)

We propose a software synthesis procedure for reactive real-time embedded systems. In our approach, control parts of the system are represented in a decomposed form enabling more complex control structures to be represented. We propose a synthesis procedure for this representation that incrementally aggregates elements of the representation while keeping the resulting code size under tight control. This method combined with heuristic strategies works very well on real-life designs and demonstrates the potential to produce results that challenge or beat hand-written implementations.
Mitochondrial targeting of the human peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA), an enzyme‐involved in the repair of oxidized proteins (2002)

Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. This widely expressed enzyme constitutes an important repair mechanism for oxidatively damaged proteins, which accumulate during the manifestation of certain degenerative diseases and aging processes. In addition, it is discussed to be involved in regulatory processes. Here we address the question of how the enzyme's diverse functions are reflected in its subcellular localization. Using fusions of the human version of MSRA with the enhanced green fluorescence protein expressed in various mammalian cell lines, we show a distinct localization at mitochondria. The N-terminal 23 amino acid residues contain the signal for this mitochondrial targeting. Activity tests showed that they are not required for enzyme function. Mitochondrial localization of native MSRA in mouse and rat liver slices was verified with an MSRA-specific antibody by using immunohistochemical methods. The protein was located in the mitochondrial matrix, as demonstrated by using pre-embedding immunostaining and electron microscopy. Mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, MSRA has to be considered an important means for the general reduction of ROS release from mitochondria.
Co-integration of GaAlAs/GaAs HBTs and GaAs FETs with a simple, manufacturable process (1992)

This paper describes a simple approach for the integration of GaAlAs/GaAs HBTs and MESFETs on the same wafer. Our approach is based on using a GaAs layer on top of the HBT emitter region as the FET channel, which is integrated with only a small extension of the standard HBT process. Transconductance reaches 400 mS/mm for 1 mu m gate length devices while f/sub t/ and f/sub max/ are as high as 11 and 13 GHz, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Startup characteristics of plasmatron gasoline reformers (2005)

The startup characteristics of plasmatron reformers with gasoline fuel for the generation of hydrogen rich gas is discussed. A brief set of experiments has been carried out at a single fuel and air flow rate. The air/fuel mixture preparation, especially the implications of the gasoline vaporization, has been modeled using a CFD code. I.
Identification of Borrelia Species after Creation of an In-House MALDI-TOF MS Database (2014)

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystemic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) complex transmitted to humans by Ixodes ticks. B. burgdorferi sl complex, currently comprising at least 19 genospecies, includes the main pathogenic species responsible for human disease in Europe: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), B. afzelii, and B. garinii. In this study, for the first time, MALDI-TOF MS was applied to Borrelia spp., supplementing the existing database, limited to the species B. burgdorferi ss, B . spielmanii and B. garinii, with the species B. afzelii, in order to enable the identification of all the species potentially implicated in LB in Europe. Moreover, we supplemented the database also with B. hermsii, which is the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in western North America, B. japonica, circulating in Asia, and another reference strain of B. burgdorferi ss (B31 strain). The dendrogram obtained by analyzing the protein profiles of the different Borrelia species reflected Borrelia taxonomy, showing that all the species included in the Borrelia sl complex clustered in a unique branch, while Borrelia hermsii clustered separately. In conclusion, in this study MALDI-TOF MS proved a useful tool suitable for identification of Borrelia spp. both for diagnostic purpose and epidemiological surveillance.
Approximate McKean–Vlasov representations for a class of SPDEs (2009)

The solution of a class of linear stochastic partial differential equations is approximated using Clark's robust representation approach. The ensuing approximations are shown to coincide with the time marginals of solutions of a certain McKean–Vlasov type equation. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the McKean–Vlasov equation.
Design and Manufacturing Process of a New Type of Deep-Sea Spherical Pressure Hull Structure (2023)

Spherical shell structures are the most suitable shape for deep-sea pressure hulls because they have ideal mechanical properties for handling symmetrical pressure. However, the shape accuracy requirement for a hull in a spherical shell structure subjected to deep-sea pressure is extremely high. Even minor asymmetry can significantly degrade its mechanical properties. In this study, a new type of spherical deep-sea pressure hull structure and its integral hydro-bulge-forming (IHBF) method are proposed. First, 32 flat metal plate parts are prepared and welded along their straight sides to form a regular polygonally shaped box. Next, water pressure is applied inside the preformed box to create a spherical pressure vessel. We performed a forming experiment using a spherical pressure vessel with a design radius of 250 mm as a verification research object. The radius of the spherical pressure vessel obtained from the forming experiment is 249.32 mm, the error from the design radius is 0.27%, and the roundness of the spherical surface is 2.36 mm. We performed a crushing analysis using uniform external pressure to confirm the crushing and buckling characteristics of the formed spherical pressure vessel. The results show that the work-hardening increased the crushing and buckling load of the spherical pressure vessel, above that of the conventional spherical shell structure. Additionally, it is established that local defects and the size of the weld line significantly and slightly affected the crushing and buckling load of the spherical pressure hull, respectively.
Influences of bedding characteristics on the acoustic wave propagation characteristics of shales (2020)

The acoustic response characteristics of shales were investigated by the acoustic transmission experiment, which is the basis of solving geological and engineering problems using the seismic or logging information during the process of the exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs. Based on the theory of acoustic wave and the background of acoustic transmission experiment, the initial condition, vibration source condition, boundary condition and stability condition were constructed, and the numerical simulation of acoustic transmission experiment of shales were completed through Matlab programming. The results show that under the same bedding angle, the acoustic time and attenuation coefficient of shales shown positive correlation with the bedding density; whereas under the same bedding density, the variation laws of the acoustic time and the attenuation coefficient of shales were more complex with the change of the bedding angle, that is, the acoustic time and attenuation coefficient of shales increased first, then decreased and then increased again with the increase of the bedding angle.
Allocation removal by partial evaluation in a tracing JIT (2011)

The performance of many dynamic language implementations suffers from high allocation rates and runtime type checks. This makes dynamic languages less applicable to purely algorithmic problems, despite their growing popularity. In this paper we present a simple compiler optimization based on online partial evaluation to remove object allocations and runtime type checks in the context of a tracing JIT. We evaluate the optimization using a Python VM and find that it gives good results for all our (real-life) benchmarks.
Design of new soft sensors based on PCA, genetic algorithm and neural network for parameters estimation of a petroleum reservoir (2011)

A new set of soft sensors is presented, based on principal component analysis (PCA), genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN) methodologies for parameters estimation of a petroleum reservoir. The crude diagrams of reservoir parameters provide valuable evaluation for petro-physical parameters. These parameters, however, are usually difficult to measure due to limitations insights on cost, reliability considerations, inappropriate instrument maintenance and sensor failures. PCA and genetic algorithm is utilized to develop new soft sensors to incorporate reliability and prediction capabilities of ANN. Genetic algorithms are used to decide the initial weights of the gradient decent methods so that all the initial weights can be searched intelligently. The genetic operators and parameters are carefully designed and set avoiding premature convergence and permutation problems. The proposed algorithm combines the local searching ability of the gradient-based back-propagation (BP) strategy with the global searching ability of genetic algorithms in the PCA subspaces. The developed soft sensors are applied to reconstruct parameters of Marun reservoir located in Ahwaz, Iran, by utilizing the available geophysical well log data.