gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-radially polarized THz pulse emitted from femtosecond laser filament in air (2008)

Femtosecond laser filament could produce THz wave in forward direction. In our experiment, THz pulse emitted from a femtosecond laser filament has been investigated. It was found that the polarization of the studied THz pulse mainly appears as elliptical. This observation supplements the previous conclusion obtained by C. D'Amico et al. that THz wave emitted by a filament is radially polarized. The mechanism of generating elliptically polarized THz wave has been interpreted by either four-wave optical rectification or second order optical rectification inside the filament zone where centro-symmetry of the air is broken by the femtosecond laser pulse.
A Descriptive Framework for Temporal Data Visualizations Based on Generalized Space‐Time Cubes (2016)

Abstract We present the generalized space‐time cube , a descriptive model for visualizations of temporal data. Visualizations are described as operations on the cube, which transform the cube's 3D shape into readable 2D visualizations. Operations include extracting subparts of the cube, flattening it across space or time or transforming the cubes geometry and content. We introduce a taxonomy of elementary space‐time cube operations and explain how these operations can be combined and parameterized. The generalized space‐time cube has two properties: (1) it is purely conceptual without the need to be implemented, and (2) it applies to all datasets that can be represented in two dimensions plus time (e.g. geo‐spatial, videos, networks, multivariate data). The proper choice of space‐time cube operations depends on many factors, for example, density or sparsity of a cube. Hence, we propose a characterization of structures within space‐time cubes, which allows us to discuss strengths and limitations of operations. We finally review interactive systems that support multiple operations, allowing a user to customize his view on the data. With this framework, we hope to facilitate the description, criticism and comparison of temporal data visualizations, as well as encourage the exploration of new techniques and systems. This paper is an extension of Bach et al .'s (2014) work.
The <i>iroquois</i> complex controls the somatotopy of <i>Drosophila</i> notum mechanosensory projectionss (1998)

Sensory neurons can establish topologically ordered projections in the central nervous system, thereby building an internal representation of the external world. We analyze how this ordering is genetically controlled in Drosophila, using as a model system the neurons that innervate the mechanosensory bristles on the back of the fly (the notum). Sensory neurons innervating the medially located bristles send an axonal branch that crosses the central nervous system midline, defining a 'medial' identity, while the ones that innervate the lateral bristles send no such branch, defining a 'lateral' identity. We analyze the role of the proneural genes achaete and scute, which are involved in the formation of the medial and lateral bristles, and we show that they have no effect on the 'medial' and 'lateral' identities of the neurons. We also analyze the role of the prepattern genes araucan and caupolican, two members of the iroquois gene complex which are required for the expression of achaete and scute in the lateral region of the notum, and we show that their expression is responsible for the 'lateral' identity of the projection.
The Effect of Substance L on Glucose-Mediated Cross-Links of Collagen in the Diabetic db/db Mouse (1990)

Genetically diabetic mice (db/db) were given 50 mg/kg body weight/day substance L, a nontoxic basic amino acid and compared to control diabetic mice without treatment. The oral administration of the compound was started at the age of 3 months and the animals were sacrificed at the age of 7 months. No adverse effects were observed in animals given the substance L. Total food consumption, drinking water intake and body weight were comparable between the groups. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins and hemoglobin was not significantly different in the groups. Renal pathological lesions in the control diabetic mice showed glomerular mesangial expansion and on electron microscopy thickened glomerular basement membranes with a mean thickness of 3,204 +/- 186 A. Treated animals showed significantly less mesangial crescents and thinner glomerular basement membrane thickness of 2,520 +/- 252 A (p less than 0.01). The experimental animals showed in addition a lower mean kidney weight. Glomerular but not tubular proteinuria was reduced in the treated group. Basement membrane collagen type IV isolated from kidneys of experimental animals was more soluble in acidity and showed a lower degree of cross-linking as evaluated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We conclude that substance L is beneficial to diabetic renal changes. We suggest that this positive effect could be due to the inhibition of glucose-mediated abnormal cross-linking of collagenous structures by the interaction of substance L with reactive carbonyl residues of glycosylation adducts of collagen. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.
Effects of Stress Shielding on the Transverse Mechanical Properties of Rabbit Patellar Tendons (2000)

With the aim of studying mechanisms of the remodeling of tendons and ligaments, the effects of stress shielding on the rabbit patellar tendon were studied by performing tensile and stress relaxation tests in the transverse direction. The tangent modulus, tensile strength, and strain at failure of non-treated, control patellar tendons in the transverse direction were 1272 kPa, 370 kPa, and 40.5 percent, respectively, whereas those of the tendons stress-shielded for 1 week were 299 kPa, 108 kPa, and 40.4 percent, respectively. Stress shielding markedly decreased tangent modulus and tensile strength in the transverse direction, and the decreases were larger than those in the longitudinal direction, which were determined in our previous study. For example, tensile strength in the transverse and longitudinal direction decreased to 29 and 50 percent of each control value, respectively, after 1 week stress shielding. In addition, the stress relaxation in the transverse direction of stress-shielded patellar tendons was much larger than that of nontreated, control ones. In contrast to longitudinal tensile tests for the behavior of collagen, transverse tests reflect the contributions of ground substances such as proteoglycans and mechanical interactions between collagen fibers. Ground substances provide lubrication and spacing between fibers, and also confer viscoelastic properties. Therefore, the results obtained from the present study suggest that ground substance matrix, and interfiber and fiber-matrix interactions have important roles in the remodeling response of tendons to stress.
Calculation of the carrying capacity of distributed power generation in distribution network under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals (2022)

Under the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " goals and county photovoltaic, the capacity of distributed generation connected to distribution network increases, and the capacity evaluation of distributed generation connected to distribution network is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the actual operation state and safety boundary of distribution network, particle swarm optimization algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are combined to form an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The maximum amount multinode access to DG in the network can be found by the improved particle swarm algorithm. However, due to the soft constraint of the algorithm, the calculation result will cross the constraint value, and then send the calculation result into the power flow screening calculation program to obtain the optimal DG hosting capacity. Finally, use trial value method to find the ultimate DG hosting capacity. The proposed method is implemented on 21-node distribution network model. Results confirm the validity of the proposed method. The maximum, optimal and limiting DG hosting capacity of the network is also determined. The corresponding load capacity can be selected according to the actual demand.
Activation of complement by spontaneous leukemic cells of AKR mice (1978)

Abstract Complement activation via the alternative pathway by tumor cells was tested by rosette formation of human erythrocytes (HuE). Test cells were treated with C4‐deficient guinea‐pig serum (C4DS) in the presence of Mg ++ and absence of Ca ++ , following which 10–30% of lymphoma cells and 10–17% of thymoma cells of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice formed rosettes. The incidence of rosette formation did not change significantly after transplantation of these cells to other non‐leukemic AKR mice or after in vitro cultivation. Following treatment with fresh C4DS, however, normal AKR mouse thymocytes as well as lymph‐node cells contained only 3–4% HuE‐positive cells. These findings suggest that the ability of non‐specific activation of complement (NAC) may be increased when normal AKR mouse cells become transformed into leukemic cells and/or that the leukemic cells arise from thymus cells which possess NAC ability. This interpretation was further confirmed by the finding that a higher proportion of leukemic cells than of normal thymocytes were lysed by mouse complement in Mg ++ ‐EGTA. The fact that NAC‐positive AKR thymoma cells were lysed effectively by homologous C3H/He plasma agrees with earlier findings that in leukemic AKR mice supplemented with C5 a temporary regression of leukemia occurs.
ST11, the dominant clone of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in China (2010)

The dominant clone of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae in China is ST11, which is closely related to ST258, which has been reported worldwide.
Saturation mutagenesis of an Escherichia coli rRNA promoter and initial characterization of promoter variants (1989)

Using oligonucleotide synthesis techniques, we generated Escherichia coli rrnB P1 (rrnB1p according to the nomenclature of B. J. Bachmann and K. B. Low [Microbiol. Rev. 44:1-56, 1980]) promoter fragments containing single base substitutions, insertions, deletions, and multiple mutations, covering the whole length of the promoter including the upstream activation sequence (UAS). The activities of 112 mutant promoters were assayed as operon fusions to lacZ in lambda lysogens. The activities of most mutants with changes in the core promoter recognition region (i.e., substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the region of the promoter spanning the -10 and -35 E. coli consensus hexamers) correlated with changes toward or away from the consensus in the hexamer sequences or in the spacing between them. However, changes at some positions in the core promoter region not normally associated with transcriptional activity in other systems also had significant effects on rrnB P1. Since rRNA promoter activity varies with cellular growth rate, changes in activity can be the result of changes in promoter strength or of alterations in the regulation of the promoter. The accompanying paper (R. R. Dickson, T. Gaal, H. A. deBoer, P. L. deHaseth, and R. L. Gourse, J. Bacteriol. 171:4862-4870, 1989) distinguishes between these two alternatives. Several mutations in the UAS resulted in two- to fivefold reductions in activity. However, two mutants with changes just upstream of the -35 hexamer in constructs containing the UAS had activities 20- to 100-fold lower than the wild-type level. This collection of mutant rRNA promoters should serve as an important resource in the characterization of the mechanisms responsible for upstream activation and growth rate-dependent regulation of rRNA transcription.
Receiver-Initiated Group Membership Protocol (RGMP): A New Group Management Protocol for IP Multicasting (2004)

This paper proposes a new group management protocol called Received-initiated Group Membership Protocol (RGMP) for IP multicasting. The dominant group management protocol on the Internet to date is the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). Unlike IGMP based on a query/reply model, an RGMP host actively takes responsibility to refresh group membership on the neighboring multicast routers. Each RGMP host maintains a "refresh" timer per group. The refresh timer is reset once the suppression rule holds true for a received report message, where the report may be a join, departure, state change, or refresh message. The RGMP refresh timer is adjusted in a way to be adaptive and self-synchronized. This receiver-initiated, self-synchronized approach makes the RGMP suppression mechanism superior to that of IGMP v1/v2, because the latter can be applied only to periodical refresh messages. As a result, RGMP protocol overhead is significantly reduced over a wide variety of service scenarios compared to IGMP v3. In addition to the reduced protocol overhead, RGMP is robust, scalable and adaptive to serve as a group management protocol.
Analyzing textual data by multiple word clouds (2013)

Word clouds are a good way to represent textual data with meta information. However, when it comes to analyzing multiple data sources, they are difficult to use. This is due to their poor comparability. The proposed RadCloud merges multiple standard clouds into a single one, while retaining the information about the origin of the words. Using separate clouds as well as this new visualization technique, a tool for textual data analysis is created: MuWoC. The resulting software is then evaluated by using it with multiple data sources ranging from encyclopedia articles, over literature to custom CSV files.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression is increased via 12-lipoxygenase in high glucose-stimulated glomerular cells and type 2 diabetic glomeruli (2008)

These results indicate that AT1 expression is enhanced, at least in part, by 12-LO in the type 2 diabetic glomeruli, and 12-LO inhibition can ameliorate DN progression through downregulation of AT1 expression.
A Phase Coded Disk Approach To Thick Curviliniear Line Detection (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
A mouse B16 melanoma mutant deficient in glycolipids. (1994)

Mouse B16 melanoma cell line, GM-95 (formerly designated as MEC-4), deficient in sialyllactosylceramide was examined for its primary defect. Glycolipids from the mutant cells were analyzed by high-performance TLC. No glycolipid was detected in GM-95 cells, even when total lipid from 10(7) cells was analyzed. In contrast, the content of ceramide, a precursor lipid molecule of glycolipids, was normal. Thus, the deficiency of glycolipids was attributed to the first glucosylation step of ceramide. The ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80) activity was not detected in GM-95 cells. There was no significant difference of sialyllactosylceramide synthase activity, however, between GM-95 and the parental cells. The deficiency of glycolipids in GM-95 cells was associated with changes of the cellular morphology and growth rate. The parental cells showed irregular shapes and tended to overlap each other. On the other hand, GM-95 cells exhibited an elongated fibroblastic morphology and parallel arrangement. The population-doubling times of GM-95 and the parental cells in serum-free medium were 28 hr and 19 hr, respectively.
Health care information systems management: Structure and infrastructure (1993)

The practice of medicine is inextricably entwined with the management of health care information system (HCIS). Major problems with HCIS are that it has not evolved from the needs of end users, and lacks of an organizational base^ to manage the HCIS in the health care environment. The object of this paper is to examine a direction to effectively support and enhance the health care activities through managing HCIS. An integrated focus is provided through a framework for analyzing the structure and infrastructure of HCIS in hospitals.
Insulin Signalling and Insulin Actions in the Muscles and Livers of Insulin-Resistant, Insulin Receptor Substrate 1-Deficient Mice (1996)

We and others recently generated mice with a targeted disruption of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) gene and demonstrated that they exhibited growth retardation and had resistance to the glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Insulin initiates its biological effects by activating at least two major signalling pathways, one involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and the other involving a ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade. In this study, we investigated the roles of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the biological action in the physiological target organs of insulin by comparing the effects of insulin in wild-type and IRS-1-deficient mice. In muscles from IRS-1-deficient mice, the responses to insulin-induced PI3-kinase activation, glucose transport, p70 S6 kinase and MAP kinase activation, mRNA translation, and protein synthesis were significantly impaired compared with those in wild-type mice. Insulin-induced protein synthesis was both wortmannin sensitive and insensitive in wild-type and IRS-1 deficient mice. However, in another target organ, the liver, the responses to insulin-induced PI3-kinase and MAP kinase activation were not significantly reduced. The amount of tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-2 (in IRS-1-deficient mice) was roughly equal to that of IRS-1 (in wild-type mice) in the liver, whereas it only 20 to 30% of that of IRS-1 in the muscles. In conclusion, (i) IRS-1 plays central roles in two major biological actions of insulin in muscles, glucose transport and protein synthesis; (ii) the insulin resistance of IRS-1-deficient mice is mainly due to resistance in the muscles; and (iii) the degree of compensation for IRS-1 deficiency appears to be correlated with the amount of tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-2 (in IRS-1-deficient mice) relative to that of IRS-1 (in wild-type mice).
Do Meal Replacement Drinks Have a Role in Diabetes Management? (2006)

The poor effectiveness of conventional dietary treatment for weight loss and weight maintenance in patients with type-2 diabetes may be improved by a meal replacement strategy that provides a strong structured meal plan with reasonable opportunity for dietary variety. Typical meal replacement programs fix the intake of one or two meals per day with a calorie-controlled, nutritionally balanced commercial formulation, and allow prudent additional meals and snacks. In obese subjects, diets with meal replacements have proven to be more efficient than conventional diets. Patients on the meal replacement regimen lost 7.3 and 8.4% of initial body weight after 12 weeks and 4 years, respectively, whereas the patients on the conventional diet had lost 1.4% and 3.2% of initial body weight after 12 weeks and 4 years, respectively. The meal replacement plan has also proven to be effective in patients with type-2 diabetes. After 6 and 12 months, patients in the meal replacement group achieved on average a weight loss of 5.24 and 4.35% of their initial body weight, respectively. In contrast, after 6 and 12 months, patients on the individualized diet plan achieved on average a weight loss of 2.85 and 2.36% of their initial body weight, respectively. Meal replacements offer a promising strategy for treating obese patients with type-2 diabetes.
The Distance-Weighted k-Nearest-Neighbor Rule (1976)

Among the simplest and most intuitively appealing classes of nonprobabilistic classification procedures are those that weight the evidence of nearby sample observations most heavily. More specifically, one might wish to weight the evidence of a neighbor close to an unclassified observation more heavily than the evidence of another neighbor which is at a greater distance from the unclassified observation. One such classification rule is described which makes use of a neighbor weighting function for the purpose of assigning a class to an unclassified sample. The admissibility of such a rule is also considered.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Principles of Blood Flow Imaging (1983)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with spin-echo techniques defines vascular structures with superb anatomic detail. Contrast agents are not necessary as there is intrinsic contrast between flowing blood and the vascular wall. The signal intensity from blood within the vessel lumen varies with the sequence of gradient and radiofrequency pulses used to generate the image as well as with the velocity of blood flow. Appropriate imaging techniques can optimize anatomic detail, distinguish slow from rapidly flowing blood, and serve to identify marked impairment or complete obstruction of flow in an artery or vein. Some examples of these principles in the intracranial circulation are illustrated.
Light regulation of type IV pilus-dependent motility by chemosensor-like elements in <i>Synechocystis</i> PCC6803 (2001)

To optimize photosynthesis, cyanobacteria move toward or away from a light source by a process known as phototaxis. Phototactic movement of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is a surface-dependent phenomenon that requires type IV pili, cellular appendages implicated in twitching and social motility in a range of bacteria. To elucidate regulation of cyanobacterial motility, we generated transposon-tagged mutants with aberrant phototaxis; mutants were either nonmotile or exhibited an "inverted motility response" (negative phototaxis) relative to wild-type cells. Several mutants contained transposons in genes similar to those involved in bacterial chemotaxis. Synechocystis PCC6803 has three loci with chemotaxis-like genes, of which two, Tax1 and Tax3, are involved in phototaxis. Transposons interrupting the Tax1 locus yielded mutants that exhibited an inverted motility response, suggesting that this locus is involved in controlling positive phototaxis. However, a strain null for taxAY1 was nonmotile and hyperpiliated. Interestingly, whereas the C-terminal region of the TaxD1 polypeptide is similar to the signaling domain of enteric methyl-accepting chemoreceptor proteins, the N terminus has two domains resembling chromophore-binding domains of phytochrome, a photoreceptor in plants. Hence, TaxD1 may play a role in perceiving the light stimulus. Mutants in the Tax3 locus are nonmotile and do not make type IV pili. These findings establish links between chemotaxis-like regulatory elements and type IV pilus-mediated phototaxis.
Polypharmacy and the Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin in the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (2015)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00403767.