gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical stimulation of motor cortex for pain control: a combined PET-scan and electrophysiological study (1999)

Although electrical stimulation of the precentral gyrus (MCS) is emerging as a promising technique for pain control, its mechanisms of action remain obscure, and its application largely empirical. Using positron emission tomography (PET) we studied regional changes in cerebral flood flow (rCBF) in 10 patients undergoing motor cortex stimulation for pain control, seven of whom also underwent somatosensory evoked potentials and nociceptive spinal reflex recordings. The most significant MCS-related increase in rCBF concerned the ventral-lateral thalamus, probably reflecting cortico-thalamic connections from motor areas. CBF increases were also observed in medial thalamus, anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula and upper brainstem; conversely, no significant CBF changes appeared in motor areas beneath the stimulating electrode. Somatosensory evoked potentials from SI remained stable during MCS, and no rCBF changes were observed in somatosensory cortex during the procedure. Our results suggest that descending axons, rather than apical dendrites, are primarily activated by MCS, and highlight the thalamus as the key structure mediating functional MCS effects. A model of MCS action is proposed, whereby activation of thalamic nuclei directly connected with motor and premotor cortices would entail a cascade of synaptic events in pain-related structures receiving afferents from these nuclei, including the medial thalamus, anterior cingulate and upper brainstem. MCS could influence the affective-emotional component of chronic pain by way of cingulate/orbitofrontal activation, and lead to descending inhibition of pain impulses by activation of the brainstem, also suggested by attenuation of spinal flexion reflexes. In contrast, the hypothesis of somatosensory cortex activation by MCS could not be confirmed by our results.
The Relationships of Superior's Leadership to Supervisory Trust and Organizational Commitment of Nurses (2007)

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships of superior's leadership to supervisory trust and organizational commitment of nurses. Method: Subjects were 386 nurses in 8 general hospitals at G city and Seoul. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SAS 8.12 by applying ttest, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Superior's transformational leadership was and transactional leadership was . Supervisory trust was and organizational commitment was . Superior's transformational leadership was positively correlated with transactional leadership, supervisory trust and organizational commitment with each others. The level of supervisory trust and organizational commitment were different significantly by age, educational status, clinical career, position and superior's leadership level. Major factor that affect to supervisory trust and organizational commitment of nurses was transformational leadership, which had an explanation of 45.9% and 29.8%. Conclusions: The more nurses perceived the superior's transformational leadership, the higher nurses perceived supervisory trust and organizational commitment. Therefore, these variables generally screened and other factors should be analyzed. And if specified nursing intervention program which increase superior's transformational leadership will be developed, it may contribute to strengthen the effectiveness of nursing.
Quantum measurement of a rapidly rotating spin qubit in diamond (2018)

A controlled qubit in a rotating frame opens new opportunities to probe fundamental quantum physics, such as geometric phases in physically rotating frames, and can potentially enhance detection of magnetic fields. Realizing a single qubit that can be measured and controlled during physical rotation is experimentally challenging. We demonstrate quantum control of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center within a diamond rotated at 200,000 rpm, a rotational period comparable to the NV spin coherence time <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>. We stroboscopically image individual NV centers that execute rapid circular motion in addition to rotation and demonstrate preparation, control, and readout of the qubit quantum state with lasers and microwaves. Using spin-echo interferometry of the rotating qubit, we are able to detect modulation of the NV Zeeman shift arising from the rotating NV axis and an external DC magnetic field. Our work establishes single NV qubits in diamond as quantum sensors in the physically rotating frame and paves the way for the realization of single-qubit diamond-based rotation sensors.
Acquisition of Terminal Effector Functions In Vitro Impairs In Vivo Anti-Tumor Efficacy (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Adoptive Immunotherapy
Red wine polyphenols modulate fecal microbiota and reduce markers of the metabolic syndrome in obese patients (2015)

This study evaluated the possible prebiotic effect of a moderate intake of red wine polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and the improvement in the risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in obese patients. Ten metabolic syndrome patients and ten healthy subjects were included in a randomized, crossover, controlled intervention study. After a washout period, the subjects consumed red wine and de-alcoholized red wine over a 30 day period for each. The dominant bacterial composition did not differ significantly between the study groups after the two red wine intake periods. In the metabolic syndrome patients, red wine polyphenols significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus (intestinal barrier protectors) and butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia) at the expense of less desirable groups of bacteria such as LPS producers (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae). The changes in gut microbiota in these patients could be responsible for the improvement in the metabolic syndrome markers. Modulation of the gut microbiota by using red wine could be an effective strategy for managing metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
PVSIM{copyright}: A simulation program for photovoltaic cells, modules, and arrays (1996)

An electrical simulation model for photovoltaic cells, modules, and arrays has been developed that will be useful to a wide range of analysts in the photovoltaic industry. The Microsoft{reg_sign} Windows{trademark} based program can be used to analyze individual cells, to analyze the effects of cell mismatch or reverse bias(`hot spot`) heating in modules and to analyze the performance of large arrays of modules including bypass and blocking diodes. User defined statistical variance can be applied to the fundamental parameters used to simulate the cells and diodes. The model is most appropriate for cells that can be accurately modeled using a two-diode equivalent circuit. This paper describes the simulation program and illustrates its versatility with examples.
Integrated Continuously Tunable Optical Orbital Angular Momentum Generator (2015)

We present the first demonstration of generating light carrying continuously tunable optical orbital angular momentum using a compact integrated silicon photonic circuit and a single electrical control.
HADES: A compatible SDN based network virtualization architecture (2014)

Network virtualization has been regarded as a candidate solution for providing cloud network services. VLAN has been the most common approach for providing isolated logical network but with a well-known scalability issue. Both the Industry and the Academia carried out promising network virtualization solutions to address the problem. However, upgrading the virtualization technology makes data center operator suffer from a series of risks, such as the waste of early investment and the interruption of running application. To overcome this barrier we presented a novel software defined network (SDN) based network virtualization architecture HADES. In HADES, virtual machines within the same virtual network could communicate with each other normally regardless of the underlying network virtualization technology. We describe and implement a prototype of HADES architecture and demonstrate the scalability and the efficiency of the solution.
Pre-existing antibodies to candidate gene therapy vectors (adeno-associated vector serotypes) in domestic cats (2019)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors represent promising candidates for gene therapy; however, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) may reduce AAV vector delivery efficiency. In this study, the presence of AAV NAb was investigated in cats, which serve as a larger and outbred animal model for the prediction of gene therapy outcomes in humans but also in cats.Serum/plasma samples from 230 client-owned Swiss cats and 20 specified pathogen-free cats were investigated for NAb to AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8 and AAV9 using in vitro transduction inhibition and a beta-galactosidase assay. NAb to all tested AAV serotypes were found. Of the client-owned cats, 53% had NAb to one or more of the AAV serotypes. NAb (≥1:10) were found at frequencies of 5% (AAV6) to 28% (AAV7). The highest titers were found against AAV7 (≥1:160). The NAb prevalence to AAV2, AAV7 and AAV9 differed geographically. Regarding titers ≥1:10 against single AAV serotypes, age, breed and sex of the cats were not associated with the NAb prevalence. Cats with titers ≥1:20 against AAV2 and titers ≥1:40 against AAV7 were significantly younger than cats with low/no titers, and purebred cats were significantly more likely than non-purebred cats to have NAb to AAV2 (≥1:40). Additionally, regarding NAb to all AAV combined, female cats were significantly more likely than male cats to have NAb titers ≥1:40. Preliminary data using AAV-DJ indicated that less pre-existing NAb to the hybrid AAV-DJ can be expected compared to the wild-type AAV serotypes. AAV NAb will need to be taken into account for future in vivo gene therapy studies in cats.
Possible involvement of endogenous retroviruses in the development of autoimmune disorders, especially multiple sclerosis (1997)

Endogenous retroviruses are normal elements in vertebrate genomes. Many aspects concerning these genomic elements are still uncertain. In mice some endogenous retroviral sequences seem to be involved in the regulation of immune responses and there is even evidence that a retroviral element is responsible for the development of an autoimmune disease in a mouse strain. Whether endogenous retroviruses also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in humans is not known, but it is an interesting possibility. Below we briefly review endogenous retroviruses as potential etiological factors in autoimmunity and we discuss a possible association between MS and endogenous retroviruses on the basis of results from our laboratory.
Human intent models in integrated product modeling (2002)

An advanced product model-based style of engineering design together with Internet-based globalized project work relies on the advanced communication of model data. Model entities and their parameters represent the decisions of engineers. Present-day models of mechanical systems do not contain data about the background of human decisions. This situation motivated the authors in their investigations on the exchange of design intent information between engineers. Their concept was that of extending product models to be capable of describing design intent information. Several human-computer and human-human communication issues were considered. The complex communication problem has been divided into four sub-problems, namely communication of human intent source with the computer system, representation of human intent, exchange of intent data between modeling procedures, and communication of the represented intent with humans. Firstly, the main objectives of the research, earlier results and an approach to describe design intent in product models are outlined. Following this, the utilization of human-computer procedures in the modeling of design intent is characterized. Then the main structure of a model description of design intent is detailed. Finally, design intent description in a product modeling environment is discussed and illustrated by examples.
Validation Study and Routine Control Monitoring of Moist Heat Sterilization Procedures (2012)

The proposed approach to validation of steam sterilization in autoclaves follows the basic life cycle concepts applicable to all validation programs. Understand the function of sterilization process, develop and understand the cycles to carry out the process, and define a suitable test or series of tests to confirm that the function of the process is suitably ensured by the structure provided. Sterilization of product and components and parts that come in direct contact with sterilized product is the most critical of pharmaceutical processes. Consequently, this process requires a most rigorous and detailed approach to validation. An understanding of the process requires a basic understanding of microbial death, the parameters that facilitate that death, the accepted definition of sterility, and the relationship between the definition and sterilization parameters. Autoclaves and support systems need to be designed, installed, and qualified in a manner that ensures their continued reliability. Lastly, the test program must be complete and definitive. In this paper, in addition to validation study, documentation of IQ, OQ and PQ concretely were described.
Transfer learning from synthetic to real images using variational autoencoders for robotic applications (2017)

Robotic learning in simulation environments provides a faster, more scalable, and safer training methodology than learning directly with physical robots. Also, synthesizing images in a simulation environment for collecting large-scale image data is easy, whereas capturing camera images in the real world is time consuming and expensive. However, learning from only synthetic images may not achieve the desired performance in real environments due to the gap between synthetic and real images. We thus propose a method that transfers learned capability of detecting object position from a simulation environment to the real world. Our method enables us to use only a very limited dataset of real images while leveraging a large dataset of synthetic images using multiple variational autoencoders. It detects object positions 6 to 7 times more precisely than the baseline of directly learning from the dataset of the real images. Object position estimation under varying environmental conditions forms one of the underlying requirement for standard robotic manipulation tasks. We show that the proposed method performs robustly in different lighting conditions or with other distractor objects present for this requirement. Using this detected object position, we transfer pick-and-place or reaching tasks learned in a simulation environment to an actual physical robot without re-training.
Time Series Feature Extraction for Machine Olfaction (2019)

Biological olfactory systems routinely process complex transient odors and sensory inputs, while today's electronic noses often leverage only coarse time features. In this work, we apply generalized time series feature extraction to improve the performance of the TruffleBot platform. TruffleBot is a low cost electronic nose which `sniffs' to collect multidimensional chemical, pressure and temperature time series. By learning from a larger space of time series features, such as autocorrelations, we enable TruffleBot to identify odors in spite of differences in transient concentration fluctuations, and to classify the odors of three similar beers at >98% accuracy (74 out of 75 trials). Additionally, we show that learned time series features can enable ethanol vapor concentration estimation within ±2.3%, near the limit of our experimental error.
Human-Machine Interface for a Smart Wheelchair (2019)

The paper describes the integration of hardware and software with sensor technology and computer processing to develop the next generation intelligent wheelchair. The focus is a computer cluster design to test high performance computing for smart wheelchair operation and human interaction. The LabVIEW cluster is developed for real-time autonomous path planning and sensor data processing. Four small form factor computers are connected over a Gigabit Ethernet local area network to form the computer cluster. Autonomous programs are distributed across the cluster for increased task parallelism to improve processing time performance . The distributed programs operating frequency for path planning and motion control is 50Hz and 12.3Hz for 0.3 megapixel robot vision system. To monitor the operation and control of the distributed LabVIEW code, network automation is integrated into the cluster software along with a performance monitor. A link between the computer motion control program and the wheelchair joystick control of the drive train is developed for the computer control interface. A perception sensor array and control circuitry is integrated with the computer system to detect and respond to the wheelchair environment. Multiple cameras are used for image processing and scanning laser rangefinder sensors for obstacle avoidance in the cluster program. A centralized power system is integrated to power the smart wheelchair along with the cluster and sensor feedback system. The on board computer system is evaluated for cluster processing performance for the smart wheelchair, incorporating camera machine vision and LiDAR perception for terrain obstacle detection, operating in urban scenarios.
An AlGaN/GaN HEMT by the periodic pits in the buffer layer (2019)

Abstract In this paper, an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) by the periodic pits in the end of the buffer layer (PPB-HEMT) is proposed. The main focus of this proposed structure is based on controlling the carrier concentration and uniformity of the electric field distribution in the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel layer that improves the breakdown voltage. The carrier concentrations fall under the gate by making periodic pits in the end of the buffer layer in the PPB-HEMT structure. Then, the electric field value reduces across the 2DEG channel layer and the electric field obtains the critical value at a higher drain-source voltage. Accordingly, the breakdown voltage of the PPB-HEMT improves approximately 32% compared to a conventional HEMT (C-HEMT). Consequently, the maximum output power density of the PPB-HEMT increases by 21% compared to the C-HEMT. Also, the depletion region width across the channel under the gate increases in the PPB-HEMT, and the gate-drain capacitance of the proposed structure decreases by 77% compared to the conventional structure. Therefore, the cut-off frequency of the PPB-HEMT improves by 50% compared to the C-HEMT due to the reduction in gate-drain capacitance. In addition, the current gain, unilateral power gain, and the maximum available power gain of the proposed structure increase. Therefore, the use of PPB-HEMT is more appropriate than the C-HEMT in high power and high frequency applications.
Selective deactivation of human monocyte functions by TGF-β (1995)

TGF-beta at 1 and 10 ng/ml inhibited H2O2 production and fibronectin adherence by human monocytes. Coculture with anti-TGF-beta Abs or with IFN-gamma, but not with growth hormone, abrogated these effects. Neither viability nor superoxide production were decreased by TGF-beta treatment. TGF-beta appeared to be inhibiting H2O2 production rather than inducing catalase as preincubation in azide was without effect. Also, TGF-beta did not inhibit activity against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Coculture of monocytes with IFN-gamma + TGF-beta in vitro moderately inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis when compared with untreated cells. Phagocytosis was not inhibited. Treatment of monocytes with another combination of cytokines, IFN-gamma+ TNF-alpha + vitamin D3, markedly reduced bacterial viability, although this appeared to be due to decreased phagocytosis leading to extracellular death of the bacteria. We conclude that despite suppressing some monocyte functions such as H2O2 production and adherence, TGF-beta, in combination with other cytokines, leaves other antimicrobial functions of the monocyte unaffected or even enhanced.
Chlorotrityl Chloride (CTC) Resin as a Reusable Carboxyl Protecting Group (2007)

Abstract Chlorotrityl Chloride (CTC) resin is one of the most useful resins for the solid‐phase synthesis of C‐terminal acid peptides. CTC resin can be used for the preparation of both protected and unprotected peptides. Herein, the use of CTC resin as a reusable mild protecting group of carboxylic acids is introduced. Temporary protection of carboxylic acids in solution is not a straightforward process, but the use of CTC resin is shown to be an alternative to classic solution procedures. Regeneration of the CTC resin after cleavage of the target compounds is feasible, which allows the reuse of the resin. Applications described herein encompass the preparation of noncommercial amino acids as well as complex dipeptides.
Neuropeptides phase shift the mammalian circadian pacemaker (1995)

We studied the influence on circadian rhythms of peptides that have been reported to be colocalized in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP1-27), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were microinjected into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region of Syrian hamsters free running under three different constant lighting conditions. All peptide injections caused phase-dependent phase shifts of hamster locomotor activity rhythms which were unaffected by constant lighting conditions. GRP1-27 (150 pmol) caused large phase delays when injected at circadian times (CT) 12-16, modest phase advances when administered at CT20-24, and few shifts during the subjective day. Injections of saline vehicle at any of these phases caused only very small phase shifts. Phase delays induced by GRP1-27 at CT12-14 were dose dependent, unrelated to injection volume (at a constant dose), and attenuated by pretreatment with the BN/GRP-preferring receptor antagonist BIM 26226. VIP (150 pmol) caused moderate phase delays at CT12-14 and moderate phase advances at CT20-24. PHI (150 pmol) caused moderate phase delays at CT12-14 only. Coadministration of 150 pmol of GRP1-27, PHI, and VIP in an equimolar neuropeptide cocktail (50 pmol of each peptide) caused phase delays at CT12-14 and phase advances at CT20-24 which did not differ from those induced by 150 pmol of GRP1-27 alone at these phases. The shifts induced by 150 pmol of the peptide cocktail were smaller than the sum of the shifts induced by 50 pmol doses of each peptide administered separately at those phases. Since the phase-delaying effects of the cocktail were weaker than the summed effects of the component 50 pmol doses of the peptides, these data demonstrate a lack of synergism among the effects of these peptides. Since GRP1-27 (150 pmol) evoked shifts similar in magnitude to those of the cocktail, there is no evidence that these apparently colocalized neuropeptides must interact to exert maximal effects on the circadian pacemaker.