gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Externally Applied Liquid Pressure on Wicking in Paper Wipes (2010)

Wicking of liquid under externally applied liquid pressure into three paper wipes is studied for the first time. Darcy's law and capillary-tube flow form the basis of two separate theoretical models which were tested through experiments. The wicking and wetting parameters of the tested wipes were measured independently to enable such a comparison without the use of any fitting parameters. Darcy model is found to work better under zero hydraulic pressure, i.e. pure wicking; however capillary model is more accurate when the incoming liquid is pressurized. An increase in the applied pressure led to an increase in the liquid absorption rate and a decrease in the saturation time. However, its relative effect on the absorption rate and saturation time was found to decrease with an increase in its magnitude.
Inhibition of Seminal Emission Is the Main Cause of Anejaculation Induced by a New Highly Selective α1A-Blocker in Normal Volunteers (2008)

All volunteers on silodosin had anejaculation and did not show post-ejaculate sperm in their urine. The mechanism of ejaculatory dysfunction caused by silodosin is a loss of seminal emission.
Hierarchically structured surfaces for boiling critical heat flux enhancement (2013)

We report large enhancements in critical heat flux (CHF) on hierarchically structured surfaces, fabricated using electrophoretic deposition of silica nanoparticles on microstructured silicon and electroplated copper microstructures covered with copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures. A critical heat flux of ≈250 W/cm2 was achieved on a CuO hierarchical surface with a roughness factor of 13.3, and good agreement between the model proposed in our recent study and the current data was found. These results highlight the important role of roughness using structures at multiple length scales for CHF enhancement. This high heat removal capability promises an opportunity for high flux thermal management.
Bidirectional SiC three-phase AC-DC converter with DQ current control (2015)

Grid connected Electric vehicles (EVs) and Plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can benefit the grid by utilizing Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. V2G enables stored electrical energy in electric vehicle batteries to be returned to the grid for peak demand and other ancillary services. Typically, the onboard electric vehicle battery charger is uni-directional but needs to be bi-directional to enable V2G capabilities. A modulation strategy for DQ (direct-quadrature axis) current control of a single stage, isolated, bi-directional three phase AC-DC converter based on Dual Active bridge (DAB) is presented. Mathematical analysis of the converter with DQ current control is discussed with simulation results confirming the analysis.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins from patients with various neurological diseases. (1985)

We subjected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from over 200 patients with various neurological diseases to two-dimensional electrophoresis. The series included non-inflammatory diseases such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and polyneuropathy; and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neurolues. In the resulting electrophoretograms we considered mainly the region of CSF-specific proteins and the area corresponding to the immunoglobulin light chains. The former, at Mr 35 000-38 000, shows some interesting variations from one CSF to another. Samples from patients with various brain tumors show a specific change. A zone of oligoclonal immunoglobulin light chains appeared in all CSF samples with above-normal gamma-globulin content. These oligoclonal patterns remained constant and characteristic during the course of different diseases for several patients so examined. As expected, differences appeared in the patterns of immunoglobulin light chains from one individual to another, even among a group of patients with the same disease. The extent of the correlation of certain basic patterns with certain diseases cannot yet be determined.
Applications of knowledge graphs for food science and industry (2022)

The deployment of various networks (e.g., Internet of Things [IoT] and mobile networks), databases (e.g., nutrition tables and food compositional databases), and social media (e.g., Instagram and Twitter) generates huge amounts of food data, which present researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to study various problems and applications in food science and industry via data-driven computational methods. However, these multi-source heterogeneous food data appear as information silos, leading to difficulty in fully exploiting these food data. The knowledge graph provides a unified and standardized conceptual terminology in a structured form, and thus can effectively organize these food data to benefit various applications. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to knowledge graphs and the evolution of food knowledge organization mainly from food ontology to food knowledge graphs. We then summarize seven representative applications of food knowledge graphs, such as new recipe development, diet-disease correlation discovery, and personalized dietary recommendation. We also discuss future directions in this field, such as multimodal food knowledge graph construction and food knowledge graphs for human health.
The Education and Training for Change Programme Part 1: In, But Not Of the Service (1993)

This is the first of two papers focusing upon a new approach to staff development provision within Basildon and Thurrock Health Authority's service for people with learning disabilities. The ‘Education and Training for Change’ programme was set up in January 1990 on a contractual basis between the learning disabilities service (the purchaser) and a local HE College (the provider) which has since become a Polytechnic. Both the papers reflect on different aspects of the programme during its first eighteen months of operation, and attempt to draw some preliminary conclusions that may be of interest to other services. This paper addresses the joint nature of the programme and the particular model of provision adopted, where the staff are ‘in, but not of the service’ i.e. sited in, but not employed or managed by the service. Some of the strengths and difficulties of such a model are highlighted, particularly as they apply during a time of organisational change, and the lessons we have drawn from our experiences are explored.
An Efficient Data Augmentation Network for Out-of-Distribution Image Detection (2021)

Since deep neural networks may classify out-of-distribution image data into in-distribution classes with high confidence scores, this problem may cause serious or even fatal hazards in certain applications, such as autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis. Therefore, out-of-distribution detection (also called anomaly detection or outlier detection) of image classification has become a critical issue for the successful development of neural networks. In other words, a successful neural network needs to be able to distinguish anomalous data that is significantly different from the data used in training. In this paper, we propose an efficient data augmentation network to detect out-of-distribution image data by introducing a set of common geometric operations into training and testing images. The output predicted probabilities of the augmented data are combined by an aggregation function to provide a confidence score to distinguish between in-distribution and out-of-distribution image data. Different from other approaches that use out-of-distribution image data for training networks, we only use in-distribution image data in the proposed data augmentation network. This advantage makes our approach more practical than other approaches, and can be easily applied to various neural networks to improve security in practical applications. The experimental results show that the proposed data augmentation network outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in various datasets. In addition, pre-training techniques can be integrated into the data augmentation network to make substantial improvements to large and complex data sets. The code is available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.github.com/majic0626/Data-Augmentation-Network.git</uri> .
The Use Of A Compact Betatron As A Downhole Photon Source (2005)

A compact betatron capable of producing the photon equivalent of a 1,000 Curie Cesium137 source is feasible. In this paper we compare by calculations this highly directional source of photons to the conventional isotropic Cs137 chemical source. Monte Carlo simulations using such a device show that it compares favorably with a conventional ~~137 source.
Does Magnetic Treatment of Water Change Its Properties? (2006)

Some properties and functions of water treated under magnetic field were examined. No change in properties of pure water distilled from ultrapure water in vacuum was observed by magnetic treatment. However, when the same magnetic treatment was carried out after the distilled water was exposed to O2, water properties such as vibration modes and electrolytic potential were changed. The degree of magnetic treatment effect on water was quantitatively evaluated by contact angle.
Spatiotemporal Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family Ligands and Receptors in the Zebrafish Ovary: A Potential Paracrine-Signaling Mechanism for Oocyte-Follicle Cell Communication1 (2011)

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified by their abilities to induce bone and/or cartilage formation, have been reported to be involved in various growth and differentiation processes, including reproduction. Although mammalian models are more frequently used to study the BMP system in reproduction, we have extended the study to the zebrafish, an excellent model for studying female reproduction in teleosts. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed the expression of the Bmp ligands (bmp2a, bmp2b, bmp4, bmp6, and bmp7a) and the type II Bmp receptors (bmpr2a and bmpr2b) in various tissues, including the ovary. Spatiotemporal distribution of these Bmp ligands and receptors in the ovary was then investigated in this study. Reverse transcription-PCR on isolated follicle layers and denuded oocytes demonstrated that all Bmp ligands examined were exclusively or abundantly expressed in the oocyte, whereas the two receptors were expressed exclusively in the follicle layers, strongly suggesting a potential paracrine signaling from the oocyte towards the follicle layer by various Bmp ligands. This supports the current view that instead of being passively controlled and nurtured by the follicle layer for its growth and development, the oocyte may play an active role by releasing various growth differentiation factors to regulate follicle layer function. Quantitative analysis of temporal expression profiles during folliculogenesis revealed an increased expression of bmp2a, bmp2b, bmp4, and bmp6 from primary growth (stage I) to previtellogenic (stage II) stages, followed by steady declines toward the end of folliculogenesis when the follicles became fully grown. On the contrast, the BMP receptors (bmpr2a and bmpr2b) consistently showed an increase in expression during folliculogenesis, with the peak levels reached at the full-grown stage prior to final oocyte maturation. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of the Bmp family in the zebrafish follicles provide important insights into potential roles for Bmps during follicle development as oocyte-derived factors. Further experiments using recombinant zebrafish Bmp4 showed that Bmp4 had an inhibitory effect on spontaneous oocyte maturation in vitro, but not 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP)-induced oocyte maturation in vitro.
Digital Fingerprinting of Virtual Components (1999)

Sodium (Na) restriction and potassium (K) supplementation has been recommended as treatment of essential hypertension but the mechanism by which these may reduce blood pressure (BP) is unknown. We examined if moderately reduced Na intake, combined with a low-Na/high-K salt alternative (Pansalt: NaCl 57%, KCl 28%, MgSO4 12%) as substitute for standard table salt, induced clinically significant BP reduction in hypertensive patients and, if this therapy reduced total peripheral resistance. After a 2-month control period 40 patients aged 21-67 years with mean casual BP 156/103 mmHg were given a salt restricted diet (120 mmol Na/24 h) for 6 months. In addition, they were randomised in a double-blind manner to receive either Pansalt (P-group) or standard NaCl (S-group) as table salt in small amounts. Cardiac output was measured by dye dilution. Daily Na excretion was similarly reduced (20%) in both groups while K excretion was slightly increased in the P-group and reduced in the S-group (difference p < 0.05). No large changes occurred in 24-h ambulatory BP (by Accutracker II) or intraarterial pressure (through a brachial artery catheter) at rest or during exercise while casual BP was reduced (p < 0.05) 13/8 mmHg in the P-group and 8/5 mmHg in the S-group. While cardiac output was slightly reduced at rest and during 50W exercise in the P-group, no significant changes were seen in total peripheral resistance in either group. Thus, moderate reduction in Na intake, with or without addition of K, is not sufficient to induce significant long-term intraarterial or 24-h ambulatory BP changes in essential hypertension. Without BP changes invasively determined central hemodynamics remains remarkably stable over a 6-month period.
Comparison of an amitraz-impregnated collar with topical administration of fipronil for prevention of experimental and natural infestations by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) (1999)

Amitraz had stronger and more sustained effects against tick infestation than fipronil.
Anti-CD40 therapy extends renal allograft survival in rhesus macaques1 (2002)

Blockade of the CD40 pathway with anti-CD40 mAb is immunosuppressive in a large animal, preclinical renal transplant model. The potential effect of this therapy on viral immune responses will be important to consider for the design of safe clinical trials.
Equine proliferative enteropathy – a review of recent developments (2013)

Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This emerging disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral oedema, diarrhoea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinaemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed upon abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in faeces. Although the clinical entity, diagnostic approach and treatment of EPE are well established and described, the epidemiology for this disease has remained largely unaddressed. This article focuses on new developments in the field of EPE, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of terminal alkynes in aqueous media: efficient and regioselective synthesis of indole-1-carboxamides (2009)

Using [Au(PPh3)]Cl/Ag2CO3-catalyzed 5-endo-digcyclization in water under microwave irradiation, we developed a fast and green route to prepare indole-1-carboxamides from N′-substituted N-(2-alkynylphenyl)ureas. The described method is tolerant to a variety of functional groups, including N′-aryl, alkyl, heterocyclic, various N-(substituted-2-ethynylphenyl) and N-(2-ethynylpyridin-3-yl)ureas and affords moderate to high yields of the desired products.
Proteome Analysis and Tissue Microarray for Profiling Protein Markers Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer (2007)

The techniques of proteomic analysis combined with tissue microarray provide us a dramatic tool for screening of LNM-associated proteins in cancer research. The increased expression of HSP-27, GST, and Annexin II, but decreased expression of L-FABP, suggests a significantly elevated incidence of LNM in CRC.
The origin of defects in SiO2 thermally grown on Czochralski silicon substrates (1995)

We have observed the origin of defects in SiO2 thermally grown on Czochralski silicon substrates. Samples were prepared by copper decoration to locate oxide defects, focused ion beam etching to mark them, and subsequent silicon-substrate thinning for transmission electron microscope observation. Polyhedron structures with sizes ranging from 150 to 300 nm are found in the underlying silicon-substrate surface layer just under the oxide defects. Two polyhedron structures superimposed on each other are also observed. It is believed that these structures are related to the presence of oxygen precipitates. Oxide defects are thought to arise due to oxide thinning induced at the edge of the silicon-substrate surface adjacent to the octahedron structures.
The epidemiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health view (2002)

Abstract Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. However, basic information about how the prevalence of ADHD varies by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and socio‐economic status remains poorly described. One reason is that difficulties in the diagnosis of ADHD have translated into difficulties developing an adequate case definition for epidemiologic studies. Diagnosis depends heavily on parent and teacher reports; no laboratory tests reliably predict ADHD. Prevalence estimates of ADHD are sensitive to who is asked what, and how information is combined. Consequently, recent systematic reviews report ADHD prevalence estimates as wide as 2%–18%. The diagnosis of ADHD is complicated by the frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions such as learning disability, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms of these conditions may also mimic ADHD. Nevertheless, we suggest that developing an adequate epidemiologic case definition based on current diagnostic criteria is possible and is a prerequisite for further developing the epidemiology of ADHD. The etiology of ADHD is not known but recent studies suggest both a strong genetic link as well as environmental factors such as history of preterm delivery and perhaps, maternal smoking during pregnancy. Children and teenagers with ADHD use health and mental health services more often than their peers and engage in more health threatening behaviors such as smoking, and alcohol and substance abuse. Better methods are needed for monitoring the prevalence and understanding the public health implications of ADHD. Stimulant medication is the treatment of choice for treating ADHD but psychosocial interventions may also be warranted if comordid disorders are present. The treatment of ADHD is controversial because of the high prevalence of medication treatment. Epidemiologic studies could clarify whether the patterns of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in community settings is appropriate. Population‐based epidemiologic studies may shed important new light on how we understand ADHD, its natural history, its treatment and its consequences. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:162–170. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions of fluorochrome‐labeled caspase inhibitors with apoptotic cells: A caution in data interpretation (2003)

FLICA are specific and convenient to use markers of apoptotic cells and they detect very early events of apoptosis associated with caspases activation. Assays that combine their binding with either the loss of mitochondrial potential or with exclusion of PI as a probe of plasma membrane integrity, distinguish sequential stages of apoptosis and are particularly useful to differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis. Our results conform with the published data that unlabeled caspase inhibitors, when added after induction of apoptosis, cannot prevent activation of caspases detected by binding of biotinylated inhibitors or by cleavage of fluorogenic substrates. While FLICA binding by apoptotic cells most likely is a consequence of caspase activation, these binding events may also involve other or additional mechanisms than simply their specific attachment to the active enzyme centers of caspases.
NEWSCRIPTS (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNEWSCRIPTSK.M. REESECite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 29, 84Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 15 July 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n029.p084https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n029.p084newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Absorption,Anions,Environmental modeling,Lithium Get e-Alerts
Mitomycin antibiotics. Synthesis of 1-substituted 7-methoxymitosenes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMitomycin antibiotics. Synthesis of 1-substituted 7-methoxymitosenesGraham Leadbetter, Dennis L. Fost, Nnochiri N. Ekwuribe, and William A. RemersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 24, 3580–3583Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00938a028Request reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (630 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speech technology (2008)

This tutorial is about the evolution of speech technology from research to a mature industry. Today, spoken language communication with computers is becoming part of everyday life. Thousands of interactive applications using spoken language technology--- known also as conversational machines---are only phone calls away, allowing millions of users each day to access information, perform transactions, and get help. Speech recognition, language understanding, text-to-speech synthesis, machine learning, and dialog management enabled this revolution after more than 50 years of research. The industry of speech continues to mature with its evolving standards, platforms, architectures, and business models within different sectors of the market.