gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitive desalination with flow-through electrodes (2012)

Capacitive desalination (CD) is a promising desalination technique as, relative to reverse osmosis (RO), it requires no membrane components, can operate at low (sub-osmotic) pressures, and can potentially utilize less energy for brackish water desalination. In a typical CD cell, the feed water flows through the separator layer between two electrically charged, nanoporous carbon electrodes. This architecture results in significant performance limitations, including an inability to easily (in a single charge) desalinate moderate brackish water feeds and slow, diffusion-limited desalination. We here describe an alternative architecture, where the feed flows directly through electrodes along the primary electric field direction, which we term flow-through electrode (FTE) capacitive desalination. Using macroscopic porous electrode theory, we show that FTE CD enables significant reductions in desalination time and can desalinate higher salinity feeds per charge. We then demonstrate these benefits using a custom-built FTE CD cell containing novel hierarchical carbon aerogel monoliths as an electrode material. The pore structure of our electrodes includes both micron-scale and sub-10 nm pores, allowing our electrodes to exhibit both low flow resistance and very high specific capacitance (>100 F g−1). Our cell demonstrates feed concentration reductions of up to 70 mM NaCl per charge and a mean sorption rate of nearly 1 mg NaCl per g aerogel per min, 4 to 10 times higher than that demonstrated by the typical CD cell architecture. We also show that, as predicted by our model, our cell desalinates the feed at the cell's RC timescale rather than the significantly longer diffusive timescale characteristic of typical CD cells.
Comparative Absorption and Transport of Five Common Carotenoids in Preruminant Calves (1995)

Preruminant calves, maintained in a monogastric state by feeding an all-liquid diet, were used to compare the serum appearance and lipoprotein transport of five different carotenoids over 144 h. Thirty newborn calves were fed milk replacer for 1 wk and then randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5), with each group receiving a single 20-mg oral dose of beta-carotene in water-soluble beadlets, canthaxanthin in water-soluble beadlets, lutein in oil, lycopene in oil, crystalline alpha-carotene in oil or crystalline beta-carotene in oil as part of a morning meal. Serial blood samples were taken by jugular puncture for up to 1 wk post-dosing. Lipoprotein separation and analysis were completed with selected animals. All carotenoids were absorbed, but in variable amounts. At peak serum carotenoids levels, HDL contained 70-90% of the carotenoids. Canthaxanthin and lutein peaked earlier in serum (8 and 12 h) than did the less polar lycopene, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene (16, 24 and 24 h). Canthaxanthin and lutein were also cleared more quickly from the serum. Serum concentrations of alpha-carotene and lycopene displayed slower disappearance rates than did beta-carotene. The peak serum level (nmol/L +/- SEM) of canthaxanthin (392 +/- 136) was lower than that of beta-carotene (1245 +/- 425), and carotenoids levels of calves receiving these commercial beadlet sources were higher than the serum levels of calves receiving beta-carotene (45 +/- 17.5), alpha-carotene (42 +/- 18.0), lutein (51 +/- 9.5) and lycopene (18 +/- 4.6), which were fed in oil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment with Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor (rhIGF)-I/rhIGF Binding Protein-3 Complex Improves Metabolic Control in Subjects with Severe Insulin Resistance (2010)

rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 is well tolerated and clinically effective in subjects with SIR.
Long-term aging of recycled binders. (2015)

Asphalt pavement is America’s most recycled material. Eighty million tons of asphalt, nearly 80% of all milled asphalt pavement, is recycled every year. To effectively maintain its 40,000 miles of paved roads, the Florida Department of Transportation continues to refine its maintenance and rehabilitation methods. Hot in-place recycling is a rehabilitation method with recognized financial and environmental benefits when used properly. The primary concern with this method is the longevity of the recycled pavement. Aging of the recycled binder has a strong impact on the durability of the pavement. Asphalt binders harden with age and become prone to cracking. Rejuvenators are added to hard asphalt to enhance its rheological properties. Traditional methods that evaluate the effectiveness of binder rejuvenation only examine the early performance. However, the recycled asphalt should have acceptable long-term performance. The pavement might crack prematurely if the asphalt binder ages quickly. This research looks beyond early performance and evaluates long-term aging of recycled asphalt binders and compares it with that of virgin asphalt. Aging rates of recycled asphalt binders, rejuvenated by five different commercially available products, were studied and compared with the aging rate of the virgin binder. These rejuvenators were selected through a screening process based on their softening power and other considerations. The Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) was used to simulate aging, and the high temperature Performance Grade (PG) was implemented to characterize the level of aging. The cracking resistance of recycled asphalt mixes was evaluated using the Texas Overlay Test. The change in the mix crack resistance over time was evaluated using the Accelerated Pavement Weathering System. The results showed a significant difference in the long-term aging of samples recycled with different recycling agents. While some samples aged significantly slower than the virgin binder, others aged faster. Analysis of the aging rates of binders revealed that selecting a proper recycling agent can extend the service life up to nine years. In contrast with original binders, the aging rate of recycled binders did not decrease significantly after the first 20 hours of PAV exposure. Therefore, even when recycled binders pass PG requirements, they might be less durable than virgin asphalt. Mix tests showed that rejuvenated mixes generally have a better initial fatigue and reflective cracking resistance than new mixes. However, their cracking resistance might drop faster over the pavement life. The knowledge obtained from this study identified approaches to evaluate long-term aging of recycled binders. Performing a durability test, limiting the aging rate, and increasing PAV exposure time are the three proposed alternative procedures. These procedures can be used to modify the specifications so that the longevity of the recycled asphalt is considered.
Improved Bag of Feature for Automatic Polyp Detection in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images (2015)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) needs computerized method to reduce the review time for its large image data. In this paper, we propose an improved bag of feature (BoF) method to assist classification of polyps in WCE images. Instead of utilizing a single scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature in the traditional BoF method, we extract different textural features from the neighborhoods of the key points and integrate them together as synthetic descriptors to carry out classification tasks. Specifically, we study influence of the number of visual words, the patch size and different classification methods in terms of classification performance. Comprehensive experimental results reveal that the best classification performance is obtained with the integrated feature strategy using the SIFT and the complete local binary pattern (CLBP) feature, the visual words with a length of 120, the patch size of 8*8, and the support vector machine (SVM). The achieved classification accuracy reaches 93.2%, confirming that the proposed scheme is promising for classification of polyps in WCE images.
A Metadata Driven Approach to Performing Multi-vendor Database Schema Upgrades (2012)

This paper discusses problems associated with relational database schema migrations which commonly occur with major upgrade releases of enterprise software. The most prevalent method of performing a schema migration is to execute SQL script files before or after the software upgrade. This approach performs poorly with large or complex database migrations and also requires separate script files for each supported database vendor. A tool was developed for a complex database upgrade of an enterprise product which uses XML in a metadata driven approach. The key advantages include the ability to abstract complexity, provide multi-database vendor support and make the database migration more manageable between software releases.
Effects of Structural Differences on Metallic Corrosion Inhibition by Metal−Polyphosphonate Thin Films (2006)

A series of metal−phosphonate organic−inorganic polymeric hybrid materials are synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for their anticorrosion properties for the protection of carbon steels. These materials are Zn−AMP (where AMP = amino-tris(methylenephosphonate)), Zn−HDTMP (where HDTMP = hexamethylenediamine-tetrakis(methylenephosphonate)), and Ca−PBTC (where PBTC = 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate)). Their structures are described and compared. Their corrosion inhibition performances are also compared, and some interesting conclusions are drawn that relate molecular structure to inhibitory activity.
Relational learning via collective matrix factorization (2008)

Relational learning is concerned with predicting unknown values of a relation, given a database of entities and observed relations among entities. An example of relational learning is movie rating prediction, where entities could include users, movies, genres, and actors. Relations encode users' ratings of movies, movies' genres, and actors' roles in movies. A common prediction technique given one pairwise relation, for example a #users x #movies ratings matrix, is low-rank matrix factorization. In domains with multiple relations, represented as multiple matrices, we may improve predictive accuracy by exploiting information from one relation while predicting another. To this end, we propose a collective matrix factorization model: we simultaneously factor several matrices, sharing parameters among factors when an entity participates in multiple relations. Each relation can have a different value type and error distribution; so, we allow nonlinear relationships between the parameters and outputs, using Bregman divergences to measure error. We extend standard alternating projection algorithms to our model, and derive an efficient Newton update for the projection. Furthermore, we propose stochastic optimization methods to deal with large, sparse matrices. Our model generalizes several existing matrix factorization methods, and therefore yields new large-scale optimization algorithms for these problems. Our model can handle any pairwise relational schema and a wide variety of error models. We demonstrate its efficiency, as well as the benefit of sharing parameters among relations.
Efficient Hydration of Nitriles to Amides in Water, Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydroxide Supported on Alumina (2004)

A broad range of amides is accessible in excellent yield (>99 %) by hydration of the corresponding nitriles in water in the presence of the supported ruthenium catalyst Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 (see scheme). For example, the industrially important conversion of acrylonitrile into acrylamide was achieved in quantitative yield and better than 99 % selectivity. The catalyst can be reused without loss of catalytic activity and selectivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53461_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Liposome‐encapsulated peptides protect against experimental allergic encephalitis (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with an autoimmune background. Despite the variety of therapeutics available against MS, the development of novel approaches to its treatment is of high importance in modern pharmaceutics. In this study, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Dark Agouti rats has been treated with immunodominant peptides of the myelin basic protein (MBP) encapsulated in mannosylated small unilamellar vesicles. The results show that liposome-encapsulated MBP(46-62) is the most effective in reducing maximal disease score during the first attack, while MBP(124-139) and MBP(147-170) can completely prevent the development of the exacerbation stage. Both mannosylation of liposomes and encapsulation of peptides are critical for the therapeutic effect, since neither naked peptides nor nonmannosylated liposomes, loaded or empty, have proved effective. The liposome-mediated synergistic effect of the mixture of 3 MBP peptides significantly suppresses the progression of protracted EAE, with the median cumulative disease score being reduced from 22 to 14 points, compared to the placebo group; prevents the production of circulating autoantibodies; down-regulates the synthesis of Th1 cytokines; and induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. Thus, the proposed formulation ameliorates EAE, providing for a less severe first attack and rapid recovery from exacerbation, and offers a promising therapeutic modality in MS treatment.
A subminiature condenser microphone with silicon nitride membrane and silicon back plate (1989)

The fabrication process and the properties of a capacitive silicon sensor for the detection of airborne sound are described. The device consists of two chips; one chip carries a 150-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane of 0.8×0.8 mm2 , and the second chip represents a complete back plate including the back electrode and the air gap spacer. Both chips are produced by means of an orientation-dependent etching procedure. The overall dimensions of the transducer are 1.7×2×0.6 mm3 . Measurements of the acoustic properties yield sensitivities between −60 and −90 dB re: 1 V/Pa, depending on the tension of the diaphragm. The most sensitive microphones have a frequency response extending up to 2 kHz, while the less sensitive transducers have higher cutoff frequencies.
Difficult-path branch prediction using subordinate microthreads (2003)

Branch misprediction penalties continue to increase as microprocessor cores become wider and deeper. Thus, improving branch prediction accuracy remains an important challenge. Simultaneous subordinate microthreading (SSMT) provides a means to improve branch prediction accuracy. SSMT machines run multiple, concurrent microthreads in support of the primary thread. We propose to dynamically construct microthreads that can speculatively and accurately pre-compute branch outcomes along frequently mispredicted paths. The mechanism is intended to be implemented entirely in hardware. We present the details for doing so. We show how to select the right paths, how to generate accurate predictions, and how to get this information in a timely way. We achieve an average gain of 8.4% (42% maximum) over a very aggressive baseline machine on the SPECint95 and SPECint2000 benchmark suites.
Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene using methylaluminoxane-activated bis(phenolato)titanium complexes (1998)

Styrene was polymerized using a series of methylaluminoxane-activated bis(phenolato)titanium complexes of the type {(OC6H2-4-Me-6-tBu)2Z}Tix2 (X = Cl, OiPr, η5-C5Me5) to give syndiotactic polystyrene. Catalyst activity was found to depend on the nature of the bridging group Z, where Z = CH2, CH2CH2, S, SO. Activity was found to be highest for Z = S.
Silicon Oxidation Studies: The Role of  H 2 O (1977)

The thermal oxidation of Si using and ambients has been studied with an automated ellipsometer which can observe the oxidationin situ. The oxidations were carried out in the temperature range of 780°–980°C on <100> oriented single crystal Si. The resulting film growth data was analyzed according to a linear‐parabolic oxidation model. The parabolic rate constant was found to increase abruptly with small additions of to while the linear rate constant increased gradually over the range of added (0–2000 ppm). The over‐all increase in the rate of oxidation due to in was found to be greater than predicted based on the independent diffusion and reaction of and related oxidant species. These effects of were found to be reversible. Therefore, the kinetic role of on the oxidation of silicon is essentially twofold. The acts both as an additional source of oxidant and as an accelerator for the oxidation process involving. It is postulated that this latter effect occurs because the modifies the network thereby enhancing diffusion of the primary oxidant through the film.
Cross-Polarization Modulation: Theory and Measurement in Subcarrier-Modulated WDM Systems (2006)

Through cross-polarization modulation, a consequence of the nonlinear refractive index, the polarization state of a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) channel is modified by the power in other channels of the WDM system. The authors use a simple model to predict the time-averaged and time-varying parts of the polarization state for subcarrier-modulated optical channels and compare it to direct measurement of the time-varying state of polarization in a two- and three-channel WDM system. This model incorporates walk off of the channels due to group-velocity dispersion
Clause compromissoire et clause attributive de compétence contraires : et c'est l'arbitre qui gagne ! (2015)

International audience
Detecting Intrusions in Federated Cloud Environments Using Security as a Service (2015)

Securing applications and services provided in the Cloud against cyber attacks is hard to achieve, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and dynamic nature of such systems. Federated Cloud environments, and Cloud Service Providers will benefit significantly if there is a comprehensive intrusion detection methodology that evolves based on their requirements, i.e. nonintrusive and resilient. The cooperation of threat knowledge, both known and unknown threats among peers within enterprise networks or with other providers will contribute to better incident detection and prevention, enhancing Cloud security and providing faster and more effective incident response. Inter-Cloud communication allows on-demand reassignment of Cloud resources including compute, storage and network, and transfer of workload through interworking of multi-national and multi-operator Cloud systems. The flow of information across the Cloud systems could be used to help trace the source of attack, identify location, and limit attack vectors.
BCG vaccination in the first year of life protects children of Indian subcontinent ethnic origin against tuberculosis in England. (1991)

BCG vaccination in infancy was found to be associated with a lower protective efficacy than has been found for the secondary school age BCG programme (80%) but nevertheless the protection is substantial and, in the United Kingdom, BCG vaccination of infants considered to be at relatively higher risk of tuberculosis is likely to reduce the incidence of childhood tuberculosis.
Inhibition of Cellular Processing of Surfactant Protein C by Drugs Affecting Intracellular pH Gradients (1996)

Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is a hydrophobic protein synthesized and secreted exclusively by alveolar type II cells through proteolysis of a 21-kDa propeptide (SP-C21) to produce the 3.7-kDa surface active form. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that early processing of proSP-C involves extensive intracellular proteolysis of the COOH terminus of proSP-C21 in subcellular compartments, which include the acidic type II cell-specific subcellular organelle, the lamellar body. (Beers, M. F., Kim, C. Y., Dodia, C., and Fisher, A. B.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 20318-20328). The role of intracellular pH gradients in SP-C processing was studied in freshly isolated rat type II cells. Using vital fluorescence microscopy, the pH indicator acridine orange (AO) identified intense fluorescence staining of acidic cytoplasmic vesicles within fresh type II cells. The AO vesicular staining pattern was similar in cells labeled with the lamellar body marker phosphine 3R and the phospholipid dye nile red. AO fluorescence was quenched by the addition of a membrane-permeable weak base, methylamine. Immunoprecipitation of cell lysates with anti-proSP-C antisera following pulse-chase labeling (0-2 h) with 35S-Translabel demonstrated rapid synthesis of 35S-proSP-C21 with a time-dependent appearance of 16- and 6-kDa intermediates (SP-C16 and SP-C6). Tricine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of organic extracts of cell lysates showed time-dependent appearance of mature SP-C3.7. The addition of 5 mM methylamine significantly blocked the post-translational processing of proSP-C resulting in disruption of normal precursor-product relationships and inhibition of SP-C3.7 formation. Methylamine-treated cells exhibited slow accumulation of SP-C16 and SP-C6, a persistence of SP-C21, and an absence of SP-C3.7 for the duration of the chase period. The lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, the proton ionophore monensin, and bafilomycin A1, a specific vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor, each caused inhibition of proSP-C processing in a similar manner. These results demonstrate that normal post-translational proteolysis of proSP-C occurs in acidic intracellular compartments, which include the lamellar body, and that complete processing to SP-C3.7 is dependent upon maintenance of transmembrane pH gradients by a vacuolar H+-ATPase.
Increased production or arachidonate metabolites in an occlusion-reperfusion model of canine myocardial infarction (1987)

To define the role of arachidonate metabolites in evolving ischaemic myocardial damage 10 anaesthetised open chest dogs underwent 90 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 5 h reperfusion. Tissue extracts from ischaemic myocardium incubated in vitro were subjected to high pressure liquid chromatography for analysis of lipoxygenase products such as mono hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) acids and to radioimmunoassay for determining a cyclooxygenase product, thromboxane B2. In ischaemic myocardium the production of 12-HETE (120(35) ng.g-1, mean (SEM)) and thromboxane B2 (18.3(2.4) ng.g-1) was significantly higher than that in normal myocardium (13(2) ng.g-1, p less than 0.01, and 4.2(0.5) ng.g-1, p less than 0.001, respectively). 12-HETE production was linearly correlated with thromboxane B2 production in ischaemic myocardium (r = 0.718, p less than 0.02). The increased production of 12-HETE and thromboxane B2 was in proportion to infarct size as measured by a percentage risk area infarcted (r = 0.732, p less than 0.02, and r = 0.942, p less than 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the increase in production of these eicosanoids was related to the degree of leucocyte infiltration in ischaemic myocardium. These results indicate that altered arachidonate metabolism is strongly associated with the progression of ischaemic myocardial damage, suggesting important roles for these eicosanoids, which may be produced by blood corpuscles during the evolution of acute myocardial infarction.