gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serine Conjugates of Chlorophyll and Bacteriochlorophyll: Photocytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> and Tissue Distribution in Mice Bearing Melanoma Tumors (1996)

Chlorophyll (Chl) and bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) have been made water soluble by transesterification with serine (Ser) at the propionyl residue and tested as potential reagents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photocytotoxicity of the conjugates Chl-Ser and Bchl-Ser in M2R mouse melanoma was tested in cell cultures. Tissue uptake and clearance of the photosensitizers in CD1 nude and C57B1 mice implanted with M2R tumors are described. Photocytotoxicity in cell cultures was determined microscopically and by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The LD50 values in vitro were 0.05-0.1 microM for both sensitizers while that of the commercially available hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD, Photosan) was over 100 times higher for the same light intensity (45 mW/cm2). Pigment concentrations were determined fluorometrically in acetone extracts of the tissues of interest at different times after intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg pigment/kg body weight. The distribution pattern of Chl-Ser in the different tissues resembled that reported for Photofrin, chlorin and bacteriochlorin derivatives. Clearance from normal tissues was essentially completed within 16 h for Bchl-Ser and 72 h for Chl-Ser with mean half-lives (t 1/2) of about 2 and 7 h, respectively. In contrast, the clearance rates of these pigments and their metabolites from melanoma tumor tissue were significantly longer: t 1/2 = 20 h for Chl-Ser and 15 h for Bchl-Ser and metabolites. The clearance rates showed biphasic or single exponential decay patterns in normal tissues and in tumors, respectively. Cumulatively the high phototoxicity, simple mode of delivery and fast tissue clearance rates reported here suggest that polar conjugates of Chl and Bchl promise to be highly effective PDT reagents.
Detection of Single-Axis Pitch Bearing Defect in a Wind Turbine Using Electrical Signature Analysis (2019)

Recently, multiple wind turbine failure databases have reviewed that pitch bearings are one of the subassemblies with the highest failure rates, and largest contributors to overall downtime. If a monitoring technology is developed and can give an early warning about the pitch bearing condition, the maintenance process can be largely improved; downtime and losses can be minimized. Electrical signature analysis (ESA) has been extensively investigated for years to monitor wind turbine main drivetrain structural health condition, including generator bearings, multi-stage gearbox gears and bearings. ESA has advantages of being low cost, hardware free (no additional sensor is required), has minimum impacts on system normal operation, and can be directly applied to commercial drive units to provide an online remote condition-based monitoring solution. In this paper, ESA is used to monitor and trend deterioration of pitch bearing health condition. Various fault indicators (FIs) has been investigated, a detailed comparison indicates negative-sequence FI is the most sensitive to detect single-axis pitch bearing failure. This hardware-free solution is validated by both simulation and field data from MW-scale wind farms and turns out to be the first field-validated effort to use ESA to monitor pitch bearing health condition, and provide single-axis pitch bearing defect detection, as reported in the literature.
Coverless Image Steganography Framework with Increased Payload Capacity (2019)

This paper proposes a coverless image steganog- raphy framework with increased payload hiding capacity for confidential information transmission. This is superior to existing coverless schemes which require transmitting a stream of stego images in sequence due to the issue of small hiding capacity per stego image. In addition, by directly linking the secret with existing or generated images, coverless schemes are proven to be more secure as compared to traditional image steganography which embeds confidential message by modifying pixel values of a given image (known as cover). Specifically, we build a dictionary- based encoding scheme using images of the MNIST handwritten digit dataset to generate the stego image. In this dataset, thousands of images carry the same digit but have variance in their shapes and pixel depth. Thus it serves as a good codebook to represent information. The proposed coverless steganography scheme holds necessary resistance to image processing operations like JPEG compression, image binarization, image scaling and image noise, i.e., the hidden message can be successfully decoded from the processed stego images.
T Cell Responses to Known Allergen Proteins Are Differently Polarized and Account for a Variable Fraction of Total Response to Allergen Extracts (2012)

A panel of 133 allergens derived from 28 different sources, including fungi, trees, grasses, weeds, and indoor allergens, was surveyed utilizing prediction of HLA class II-binding peptides and ELISPOT assays with PBMC from allergic donors, resulting in the identification of 257 T cell epitopes. More than 90% of the epitopes were novel, and for 14 allergen sources were the first ever identified to our knowledge. The epitopes identified in the different allergen sources summed up to a variable fraction of the total extract response. In cases of allergens in which the identified T cell epitopes accounted for a minor fraction of the extract response, fewer known protein sequences were available, suggesting that for low epitope coverage allergen sources, additional allergen proteins remain to be identified. IL-5 and IFN-γ responses were measured as prototype Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. Whereas in some cases (e.g., orchard grass, Alternaria, cypress, and Russian thistle) IL-5 production greatly exceeded IFN-γ, in others (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillum, and alder) the production of IFN-γ exceeded IL-5. Thus, different allergen sources are associated with variable polarization of the responding T cells. The present study represents the most comprehensive survey to date of human allergen-derived T cell epitopes. These epitopes might be used to characterize T cell phenotype/T cell plasticity as a function of seasonality, or as a result of specific immunotherapy treatment or varying disease severity (asthma or rhinitis).
Cloning the Gene for the Malolactic Fermentation of Wine from <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Yeasts (1984)

The gene responsible for the malolactic fermentation of wine was cloned from the bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii into Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene codes for the malolactic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of l-malate to l-lactate. A genetically engineered yeast strain with this enzymatic capability would be of considerable value to winemakers. L. delbrueckii DNA was cloned in E. coli on the plasmid pBR322, and two E. coll clones able to convert l-malate to l-lactate were selected. Both clones contained the same 5-kilobase segment of L. delbrueckii DNA. The DNA segment was transferred to E. coli-yeast shuttle vectors, and gene expression was analyzed in both hosts by using enzymatic assays for l-lactate and l-malate. When grown nonaerobically for 5 days, E. coli cells harboring the malolactic gene converted about 10% of the l-malate in the medium to l-lactate. The best expression in S. cerevisiae was attained by transfer of the gene to a shuttle vector containing both a yeast 2-mum plasmid and yeast chromosomal origin of DNA replication. When yeast cells harboring this plasmid were grown nonaerobically for 5 days, ca. 1.0% of the l-malate present in the medium was converted to l-lactate. The L. delbrueckii controls grown under these same conditions converted about 25%. A laboratory yeast strain containing the cloned malolactic gene was used to make wine in a trial fermentation, and about 1.5% of the l-malate in the grape must was converted to l-lactate. Increased expression of the malolactic gene in wine yeast will be required for its use in winemaking. This will require an increased understanding of the factors governing the expression of this gene in yeasts.
Pectic Oligosaccharides from Cranberry Prevent Quiescence and Persistence in the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 (2019)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli create a large burden on healthcare and frequently lead to recurrent infections. Part of the success of E. coli as an uropathogenic bacterium can be attributed to its ability to form quiescent intracellular reservoirs in bladder cells and its persistence after antibiotic treatment. Cranberry juice and related products have been used for the prevention of UTIs with varying degrees of success. In this study, a group of cranberry pectic oligosaccharides (cPOS) were found to both inhibit quiescence and reduce the population of persister cells formed by the uropathogenic strain, CFT073. This is the first report detailing constituents of cranberry with the ability to modulate these important physiological aspects of uropathogenic E. coli. Further studies investigating cranberry should be keen to include oligosaccharides as part of the 'active' cocktail of chemical compounds.
Multiple instrument distributed aperture sensor (MIDAS) evolved design concept (2004)

An innovative approach to future space telescopes that enables order of magnitude increased science return for astronomical, Earth-observing and planetary science missions is described. Our concept, called Multiple Instrument Distributed Aperture Sensor (MIDAS), provides a large-aperture, wide-field, diffraction-limited telescope at a fraction of the cost, mass and volume of conventional space telescopes. MIDAS integrates many optical interferometry advances as an evolution of over a decade of technology development in distributed aperture optical imaging systems. Nine collector telescopes are integrated into MIDAS as the primary remote sensing science payload, supporting a collection of six back-end science instruments tailored to a specific mission. By interfacing to multiple science instruments, enabling sequential and concurrent functional modes, we expand the potential science return of future space science missions many fold. Passive imaging modes with MIDAS enable remote sensing at diffraction-limited resolution sequentially by each science instrument, as well as in somewhat lower resolution by multiple science instruments acting concurrently on the image, such as in different wavebands. Our MIDAS concept inherently provides nanometer-resolution hyperspectral passive imaging without the need for any moving parts in the science instruments. For Earth-observing and planetary science missions, the MIDAS optical design provides high-resolution imaging at high altitudes for long dwell times, thereby enabling real-time, wide-area remote sensing of dynamic planetary surface characteristics. In its active remote sensing modes, using an integrated solid-state laser source, MIDAS enables surface illumination, active spectroscopy, LIDAR, vibrometery, and optical communications. Our concept is directly scalable to telescope synthetic apertures of 5m, limited by launch vehicle fairing diameter, and above 5m diameter achieved by means of autonomous deployments or manned assembly in space. MIDAS is a proven candidate for space flight missions, enabled by our continued investments in focused technology development areas.
Super-Stable Superconducting MRI Magnet Operating for 25 Years (2013)

This paper describes a superconducting magnet performance continuing persistent current operation for 25 years. The central magnetic field is 0.5 T for whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The observed stability of the magnetic field was extremely stable compared with the specification. Because of the ultrafine electrical resistances in persistent current mode operation, it was difficult to observe an accurate magnetic field stability at the factory test. By long-term operation, we are able to observe the magnetic field stability and the joint resistance precisely. The magnet was started to energize on January 1988 and has been operated consecutively without re-excitation. At that time, a superconducting whole-body MRI system was appeared in the world among a normal conducting magnet and a permanent magnet system. We made superconducting joints to connect superconducting conductors between superconducting coils. We carried out the measurement of the central magnetic field by the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Because the device is used for the medical examination at the hospital, the magnetic field data acquisition is in a limited situation. The stability of the last magnetic field becomes 0.0006 ppm/h and gets the good performance that is more than 100 times than the specification. The total resistance of the superconducting joints is 4 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> Ω and supports good superconducting connection.
Comportamiento multifrecuencia en una antena microstrip mediante multiples elementos parásitos (2003)

A multifrequency microstrip patch antenna\ncomprising a driven patch and a plurality of parasitic el-\nements placed underneath a driven patch is proposed. The\nantenna features a multifrequency behavior (5 operating\nband) with similar performance.
Interactive data visualization (1989)

MORETECHNI CAL PEOPLE than ever before have access to powerful computers.They are using them to run in-.creasingly complex simulations and experiments, producing a glut of data human beings are unable to analyze by themselves.Scientific computer graphics, and the sophisticated display systems on which graphics depend, are coming to the rescue."Visualization in Scientific Computing (YiSC)" is an expression coined in Novmber 1987 by a panel organized by the National Science Foundation's Division of Advanced Scientific Computing.'Instantly, it became fashionable, and has all but replaced more commonplace formulations like "computer graphics for scientists."We'd like to talk about a subfield of ViSC that concentrates on exciting interactive methods of visualizing data -interactive data visualization (lOY). Glorious MUDDIDY is best known in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications, which we think of as the interactive visualization of real objects.But IDY is much more powerful than that -it can give researchers the ability to visualize abstractions such as density, magnetic moment, or electric fields.It does this by assigning visual characteristics such as color or translucency to one of these invisible qualities.By visualizing the unseen, a re-
Development of Peptide 3D Structure Mimetics:  Rational Design of Novel Peptoid Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonists (2000)

The two hormones cholecystokinin and gastrin share the same C-terminal sequence of amino acids, namely Gly(29)-Trp(30)-Met(31)-Asp(32)-Phe(33)-NH(2). Nevertheless, this congruence has not precluded using this structure to develop selective ligands for either CCK(1) or CCK(2) receptors. Manipulation of the hydrophobic residues at positions 31 and 33 gave a series of CCK(1) tripeptide antagonists, typified by N-t-BOC-Trp-2-Nal-Asp-2-(phenyl)ethylamide (pK(B) 6.8 +/- 0.3). Molecular modeling was used to identify the bioactive conformation of these CCK(1)-selective compounds and prompted the design of new peptoid structures. We aimed to maintain the conformation of the parent series by exploiting patterns of hydrogen-bonding and pi-stacking interactions present in the original molecule, rather than introducing additional covalent bonds. The prototype, N-(succinyl-D-Asp-2-phenylethylamido)-L-Trp-2-(2-naphthyl)ethylami de, was a potent and selective CCK(1) antagonist (pK(B) 7.2 +/- 0.3). Furthermore, the new series showed patterns of biological activity that mirrored those of the parent tripeptides. These compounds contain elements of both peptide primary and secondary structure and represent a novel approach to designing peptidomimetics. Interesting results were obtained from comparing models of a representative tripeptide CCK(1) antagonist with a conformation of CCK(30)(-)(33) that others have proposed to be responsible for its activity at the CCK(2) receptor. The results suggest that CCK(1) and CCK(2) receptors recognize enatiomeric dispositions of the Trp(30) indole, Asp(32) carboxylic acid, and C-terminal phenyl groups arrayed about a common backbone configuration. This "functional chirality" may underpin the mechanism by which these closely related receptor systems bind CCK(30)(-)(33) and explain patterns of selectivity observed with optical isomers of a number of peptoid and nonpeptide ligands.
Online cache modeling for commodity multicore processors (2010)

Modern chip-level multiprocessors (CMPs) contain multiple processor cores sharing a common last-level cache, memory interconnects, and other hardware resources. Workloads running on separate cores compete for these resources, often resulting in highly-variable performance. To improve fairness and performance, it is helpful to co-schedule workloads having minimal cache and other forms of resource contention. In this work, we develop several cache modeling techniques to help make informed resource management decisions.
653. Sialyl Glycolipid Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 (SSEA4) - A Novel Target for CAR T Cell Therapy of Solid Cancers (2016)

Owing to their capacity to eradicate tumors, T cells represent an attractive means for immunomodulation in cancer immunotherapy. In this context, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) - based therapies are receiving increasing attention. The combination of antibody-derived specificity with T cell effector function renders the immune cells MHC-independent and even enables targeting of antigens for which there is immunological tolerance. T cells, genetically modified with CAR, have shown impressive success in the treatment of leukemia. However, the application of CAR T cells to the treatment of solid tumors remains challenging due to the lack of truly cancer-specific targets and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hostile to T cells. We have identified the sialyl glycolipid stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) as an epitope whose expression strongly correlates with metastasis and chemoresistence in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). Single chain antibody fragments (scFv) were derived from an antibody that specifically recognizes this sialyl-glycolipid and were cloned into a lentiviral expression vector encoding a CAR containing an IgG1 spacer domain with CD137 and CD3z signaling domains. Healthy donor T cells were enriched by magnetic cell sorting and activated with TransActTM Reagent, a colloidal nanomatrix-based activation reagent, before lentiviral transduction of the anti-SSEA4 CAR expression construct. Engagement of SSEA4 by CAR expressing T cells induced T cell degranulation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an effective killing of SSEA4 expressing target cells. As TNBC patients are exposed to multiple rounds of chemotherapy and SSEA4 expression is found enriched in residual tumor cells surviving chemotherapy, a combinatorial approach using chemotherapy followed with CAR T cell therapy holds great promise to improve treatment outcome and overall survival of TNBC patients. Having assessed the performance of different anti-SSEA4 CAR constructs in vitro, current studies are focusing on in vivo functionality using mouse models.
Inter-channel coherence reduction method for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (2016)

A novel perceptually transparent decorrelation method for stereo (and multichannel) echo cancellation (SAEC, MAEC) systems is described in this paper. It is based on combining a previously known phase modulation technique with a magnitude modulation component. The new method is more effective at decreasing correlation for frequencies below 1 kHz, a region where it is most important to have stable echo cancellation performance in a speech communication system.
Laser-induced image technology (yesterday, today, and tomorrow) (2005)

Methods and systems of laser-induced image technology and ways of their development are discussed. The methods depend on kind of laser-induced etch points (marks), which are used for image creation. Today, the marks, which are usually used for this purpose, are laser-induced damages which are a result of breakdown phenomena. Corresponding systems comprise the following subsystems: A) laser system for generating laser-induced damages inside a transparent material so as the exterior light scattered from them has low fluctuations; B) computer graphic system for transformation of an image into arrangement of points at which breakdowns should be produced; C) systems for controlling characteristics of laser-induced images including the number of gray shades, image resolution, color deviation and so on; D) systems for controlling parameters of laser radiation including direction of laser beam. The methods and systems for increasing quality of such images are discussed. However, there are also other marks appearing as a result of photo ionization and of other physical phenomenon, accompanying interaction of power laser radiation with transparent material. The use of these marks opens new opportunities for creation of laser-induced images with special characteristics. These opportunities are also subject of our discussion.
Photon Beam Diffusion: A Hybrid Monte Carlo Method for Subsurface Scattering (2013)

Abstract We present photon beam diffusion , an efficient numerical method for accurately rendering translucent materials. Our approach interprets incident light as a continuous beam of photons inside the material. Numerically integrating diffusion from such extended sources has long been assumed computationally prohibitive, leading to the ubiquitous single‐depth dipole approximation and the recent analytic sum‐of‐Gaussians approach employed by Quantized Diffusion. In this paper, we show that numerical integration of the extended beam is not only feasible, but provides increased speed, flexibility, numerical stability, and ease of implementation, while retaining the benefits of previous approaches. We leverage the improved diffusion model, but propose an efficient and numerically stable Monte Carlo integration scheme that gives equivalent results using only 3–5 samples instead of 20–60 Gaussians as in previous work. Our method can account for finite and multi‐layer materials, and additionally supports directional incident effects at surfaces. We also propose a novel diffuse exact single‐scattering term which can be integrated in tandem with the multi‐scattering approximation. Our numerical approach furthermore allows us to easily correct inaccuracies of the diffusion model and even combine it with more general Monte Carlo rendering algorithms. We provide practical details necessary for efficient implementation, and demonstrate the versatility of our technique by incorporating it on top of several rendering algorithms in both research and production rendering systems.