gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectopic Functioning Adrenocortical Oncocytic Adenoma (Oncocytoma) with Myelolipoma Causing Virilization (2012)

Functioning adrenal adenomas are well-described entities that can rarely occur outside the adrenal gland in the ectopic adrenal tissue. Similarly, myelolipoma is an another benign lesion of the adrenal tissue which can rarely occur outside the adrenal gland. We report the first case of a testosterone producing an extra-adrenal adrenocortical oncocytoma accompanied by a myelolipoma. The patient presented with virilization and elevated androgen levels. Imaging revealed a retroperitoneal mass, which histologically consisted of oncocytes and intermingled myelolipoma. Postoperative androgen levels decreased to normal. The tumor cells were strongly positive for inhibin and Melan-A, supporting the adrenal origin. This case demonstrates a diagnostic challenge in which correlation with histology, immunohistochemistry, and serum endocrine studies led to the final diagnosis.
A new infusion syringe label system designed to reduce task complexity during drug preparation (2007)

A new safety-orientated drug infusion label was studied and was compared with conventional methods by prospectively collecting incident reports from November 1998 to November 2003. Anaesthetists were asked to return an incident form for every anaesthetic (87% response rate), the vast majority indicating that no error had occurred. One error was reported with the use of the new label. However, this was due to an incorrect patient weight being recorded in the notes, and the dose was correct for the information available. Therefore, this data point was not included in the analysis. Seven errors were reported in the calculation of dosage using conventional infusion labels during 18 491 anaesthetics compared with no calculation errors in 10 655 anaesthetics with the new label (p = 0.045, Chi-squared test). Despite the difficulties of demonstrating significant benefit from safety initiatives in medicine, these data suggest that targeted system redesign can be effective inreducing error.
TNF‐α Upregulates IKKε Expression via the Lin28B/let‐7a Pathway to Induce Catecholamine Resistance in Adipocytes (2019)

Adipose IKKε expression in children with obesity is substantially elevated and positively correlated with BMI. TNF-α induces catecholamine resistance via activation of the Lin28B/let-7a/IKKε pathway.
Surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate film by CO2 laser-induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide (2000)

Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using a CO2 pulsed laser was performed to improve water wettability. After laser irradiation in air, the films were placed in the aqueous solution of monomer and then heated to decompose peroxides formed onto the irradiated PET film. Peroxide density was determined spectrophotometrically by means of the iodide method. The grafted PET surfaces were characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The electron micrographs showed that the grafting changed the surface morphology of the PET film, which is consistent with the infrared spectra of the grafted films. To evaluate the surface hydrophilicity, water drop contact angle was determined. The contact angle decreased as a result of graft polymerization. It was also found that the hydrophilicity is related to the surface morphology and grafting level. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 401–407, 2000
Integration of DFM techniques and design automation (2002)

This paper reports the integration of a yield enhancing router within the Alliance design automation environment. The system converts a high level description, using a subset of VHDL, to mask layout. The final layout has been made more robust to spot defects using a number of layout modification strategies within the routing network. The results indicate that these modifications significantly reduce the probability of faults for the device as a whole.
High-throughput feature counting and measurement of roots (2011)

The software is open source and available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/roottrace.
Inactivation of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase by organic solvents (2004)

A number of application for enzymes in organic solvents have been developed in chemical processing, food related conversions and analyses. The only unsolved problem related to nonaqueous enzymology is the notion that enzymes in organic solvent are mostly far less active than in water. Therefore, studies concerning the mechanisms by which enzymes are inactivated by organic solvents would reveal a clear understanding of the structure-function relationship of this phenomenon. Here we analyzed the effects of a series of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol) and acetone on the activity of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase. We observed that solvents inactivated the enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. This inactivation is also dependent on the hydrophobicity of the solvent, where the most hydrophobic solvent is also the most effective one. The I50 for inactivation by n-alcohols are 5.9 +/- 4, 2.7 +/- 1 and 2.5 +/- 1 M for methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol, respectively. Inactivation was less effective at 37 degrees C than at 5 degrees C, when the I50 for inactivation by methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol are 4.5 +/- 2, 2.1 +/- 2 and 1.7 +/- 1 M, respectively. Our proposal is that solvent binds to the enzyme structure promoting the inactivation by stabilizing an unfolded structure, and that this binding is through the hydrophobic regions of either the protein or the solvent.
Effect of Green Tea Catechins and Hydrolyzable Tannins on Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene-Induced DNA Adducts and Structure−Activity Relationship (2010)

Green tea catechins and hydrolyzable tannins are gaining increasing attention as chemopreventive agents. However, their mechanism of action is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of four green tea catechins and two hydrolyzable tannins on microsome-induced benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-DNA adducts and the possible structure-activity relationship. BP (1 microM) was incubated with rat liver microsomes and DNA in the presence of the test compound (1-200 microM) or vehicle. The purified DNA was analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling. The inhibitory activity of the catechins was in the following descending order: epigallocatechin gallate (IC(50) = 16 microM) > epicatechin gallate (24 microM) > epigallocatechin (146 microM) > epicatechin (462 microM), suggesting a correlation between the number of adjacent aromatic hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure and their potencies. Tannic acid (IC(50) = 4 microM) and pentagalloglucose (IC(50) = 26 microM) elicited as much DNA adduct inhibitory activity as the catechins or higher presumably due to the presence of more functional hydroxyl groups. To determine if the activity of these compounds was due to direct interaction of phenolic groups with electrophilic metabolite(s) of BP, DNA was incubated with anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE) (0.5 microM) in the presence of test compounds (200 microM) or vehicle. Significant inhibition of DNA adduct formation was found (tannic acid > pentagalloglucose > epigallocatechin gallate > epicatechin gallate). This notion was confirmed by analysis of the reaction products of anti-BPDE with the catechins and pentagalloglucose by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that green tea catechins and the hydrolyzable tannins are highly effective in inhibiting BP-DNA adduct formation at least, in part, due to direct interaction of adjacent hydroxyl groups in their structures and that the activity is higher with an increasing number of functional hydroxyl groups.
A Controllable Water Cooled Charge Air Cooler (WCCAC) for Diesel Trucks (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Water-cooled charge air cooling is being considered as part of various technology solutions in response to 2007 US, 2010 US, EU4 and EU5 emissions standards. As manufacturers determine appropriate engine and vehicle solutions to meet the upcoming emissions standards, charge air cooling requirements are increasing due to higher turbocharger outlet temperatures and pressures, higher EGR rates, and requests for intake manifold temperature control to manage combustion and exhaust temperatures. Valeo and EMP have collaborated on the development and testing of a water cooled charge air cooler (WCCAC), controlled by a 12 volt brushless motor coolant pump. The system design addresses material temperature limitations of air-air aluminum CAC's and has the potential to simplify the packaging of the air induction system. Test results from the first prototype system show the ability of the system to increase intake manifold temperature under cold conditions, decrease the charge side system pressure loss by 79%, and control the intake manifold temperature under transient conditions and ambient temperature changes. The system nearly met the base cooling system performance in high ambient and high load conditions.</div>
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review (2013)

Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical conversion route for lignocellulosic biomass that produces chemicals and fuels compatible with current, petrochemical infrastructure. Catalytic modifications to pyrolysis bio-oils are geared towards the elimination and substitution of oxygen and oxygen-containing functionalities in addition to increasing the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the final products. Recent progress has focused on both hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation of bio-oil using a variety of metal catalysts and the production of aromatics from bio-oil using cracking zeolites. Research is currently focused on developing multi-functional catalysts used in situ that benefit from the advantages of both hydrodeoxygenation and zeolite cracking. Development of robust, highly selective catalysts will help achieve the goal of producing drop-in fuels and petrochemical commodities from wood and other lignocellulosic biomass streams. The current paper will examine these developments by means of a review of existing literature.
Synthesis and evaluation of new slickwater fracturing fluid for drag reduction (2021)

Abstract Currently, slip water fracturing fluid is widely used as a fracturing fluid for shale reservoirs. Non-ionic hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide (HM-PAM), partially hydrolyzed water-soluble hydrophobic associating polyacrylamide (HMWSP) and partially hydrolyzed anionic polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions were modeled by molecular simulation software Materials Studio. The radius of gyration (Rg) and mean square displacement (MSD) of HPAM and HMWSP at different NaCl concentrations were calculated. From the simulation results, compared with HPAM and HM-PAM, HMWSP had a larger radius of gyration, a larger intrinsic viscosity number, and a larger hydrodynamic size, which would produce better drag reduction effects. Using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as basic raw materials, a hydrophobic associative drag reducer (HMWSP) was prepared by an inverse emulsion method. Infrared spectroscopy (FIIR) was used to characterize the synthesized products, and fluorescence chromatography was used to test the association of polymer solutions. Using a friction tester to test the drag reduction performance of the drag reducer, HMWSP has good resistance to salt reduction. HMWSP had good resistance reducing salt performance.
An earth scientist's periodic table of the elements and their ions (2003)

Research Article| September 01, 2003 An earth scientist's periodic table of the elements and their ions L. Bruce Railsback L. Bruce Railsback 1Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2501, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information L. Bruce Railsback 1Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2501, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 27 Jan 2003 Revision Received: 02 May 2003 Accepted: 06 May 2003 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2003) 31 (9): 737–740. https://doi.org/10.1130/G19542.1 Article history Received: 27 Jan 2003 Revision Received: 02 May 2003 Accepted: 06 May 2003 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation L. Bruce Railsback; An earth scientist's periodic table of the elements and their ions. Geology 2003;; 31 (9): 737–740. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G19542.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract A new Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions presents the naturally occurring charged species commonly encountered by geoscientists, as well as elemental forms, and it is organized by charge. The new table therefore shows many elements multiple times, unlike the conventional table. As a result, trends, patterns, and interrelationships in mineralogy, soil and sediment geochemistry, igneous petrology, aqueous geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, and nutrient chemistry become apparent in this new table. The new table thus provides a more effective framework for understanding geochemistry than the conventional, and purely elemental, periodic table. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Nucleosides and acyclonucleosides bearing a N-hydroxyureido group (1996)

Hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor has been used in the treatment of some malignant and viral diseases and seems now to be promising, in association with 2,3dideoxynucleosides, for the management of AIDS. In an attempt to increase the specificity of action of this radical scavenger, or at least, to study the topological aspects of its reactivity, we introduced the N-hydroxyureido group into nucleosides by using Mitsunobu reaction or by reacting a nucleoside nitrogen nucleophile with a carbonyl electrophile. From the currently available antiviral testing results, concerning the nucleoside analogues it appears that the most noticable activity exert against Varicella Zoster virus (VZV). One acyclonucleoside derivative was found to be very active against the virus HIV-1, its therapeutic index is better than 100.000. We prepared peptid-like dinucleotide analogues33,36 also in which the internucleosidic bridge consists of a spacer of approximately the same length as in the natural compounds. These compounds could be tested as inhibitors of nucleotide-protein interactions, we supposed that they are able to disrupt zinc finger parts of nucleocapsid. Antiviral activity of these dinucleotides were tested in vitro against HIV-1, HIV-2, HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, VZV and EBV but in no case EC50 values inferior to 10 µM was found.
Recent advances in the social and developmental biology of the myxobacteria (1996)

Free access1 March 1996 Share on Recent advances in the social and developmental biology of the myxobacteriaAuthor: M DworkinAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.70-102.1996 PDF/EPUB
Integrating Cell Phone Imaging with Magnetic Levitation (i‐LEV) for Label‐Free Blood Analysis at the Point‐of‐Living (2015)

There is an emerging need for portable, robust, inexpensive, and easy-to-use disease diagnosis and prognosis monitoring platforms to share health information at the point-of-living, including clinical and home settings. Recent advances in digital health technologies have improved early diagnosis, drug treatment, and personalized medicine. Smartphones with high-resolution cameras and high data processing power enable intriguing biomedical applications when integrated with diagnostic devices. Further, these devices have immense potential to contribute to public health in resource-limited settings where there is a particular need for portable, rapid, label-free, easy-to-use, and affordable biomedical devices to diagnose and continuously monitor patients for precision medicine, especially those suffering from rare diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Here, a magnetic levitation-based diagnosis system is presented in which different cell types (i.e., white and red blood cells) are levitated in a magnetic gradient and separated due to their unique densities. Moreover, an easy-to-use, smartphone incorporated levitation system for cell analysis is introduced. Using our portable imaging magnetic levitation (i-LEV) system, it is shown that white and red blood cells can be identified and cell numbers can be quantified without using any labels. In addition, cells levitated in i-LEV can be distinguished at single-cell resolution, potentially enabling diagnosis and monitoring, as well as clinical and research applications.
Determination of rotational correlation times from deconvoluted fluorescence anisotropy decay curves. Demonstration with 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine and lumazine protein from Photobacterium leiognathi as fluorescent indicators (1985)

The experimental and analytical protocols required for obtaining rotational correlation times of biological macromolecules from fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements are described. As an example, the lumazine protein from Photobacterium leiognathi was used. This stable protein (Mr 21 200) contains the noncovalently bound, natural fluorescent marker 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, which has in the bound state a long fluorescence lifetime (tau = 14 ns). Shortening of the fluorescence lifetime to 2.6 ns at room temperature was achieved by addition of the collisional fluorescence quencher potassium iodide. The shortening of tau had virtually no effect on the rotational correlation time of the lumazine protein (phi = 9.4 ns, 19 degrees C). The ability to measure biexponential anisotropy decay was tested by the addition of Photobacterium luciferase (Mr 80 000), which forms an equilibrium complex with lumazine protein. Under the experimental conditions used (2 degrees C) the biexponential anisotropy decay can best be described with correlation times of 20 and 60 ns, representing the uncomplexed and luciferase-associated lumazine proteins, respectively. The unbound 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine itself (tau = 9 ns) was used as a model compound for determining correlation times in the picosecond time range. In the latter case rigorous deconvolution from the excitation profile was required to recover the correlation time, which was shorter (100-200 ps) than the measured laser excitation pulse width (500 ps).
Modulation and detection characteristics of optical continuous phase FSK transmission system (1987)

The modulation and differential detection characteristics of optical CPFSK transmission systems are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The error rate expressions of differentially detected CPFSK are derived by considering phase noise of LD's. It is clear that the linewidth requirement is less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.68 m</tex> percent of the bit rate, where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> is modulation index. The performances of CPFSK are then experimentally presented at 400 Mbit/s using external optical feedback DFB LD's as the optical source. A beat spectral linewidth of less than 200 kHz for the transmitter and local oscillator LD's is achieved. The frequency response nonuniformity of frequency modulation efficiency is compensated by electrical circuits within 3 dB and 60°. To reduce IF thermal noise, a resonance-type preamplifier is used, with a 4.8 pA/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sqrt{Hz}</tex> average input noise current density, and a receiver sensitivity 1.3 dB better than the conventional preamplifier. Differential detection of the 400-Mbit/s CPFSK modulation is performed. The generation of CPFSK is confirmed by good correlation between the output spectrum and theory. The average received optical power at a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> bit error rate is -49.9 dBm which improves direct detection by 10.3 dB. No additional power penalties due to 290-km transmission exist.
Direct Analysis of Resveratrol in Wine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in grapes and other plants. It has been reported to have health benefits including anticarcinogenic activity and protection against coronary heart disease. Previous methods for its quantification in wines have relied on HPLC and GC. However, an alternative method utilizing capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed in our laboratory. The CE procedure resolves cis- and trans-resveratrol isomers, using a micellar mode of separation. The detection limit for resveratrol was 1.25 µM using UV detection at 310 nm. This procedure was employed for the direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in wines. The direct analysis method used was advantageous because the analysis time was greatly reduced and sample preparation procedures that might result in resveratrol isomerization were avoided. The CE procedure was used to determine the level of trans-resveratrol in several California red wines, and the values obtained were in close agreement with those reported using other methods.
Micro‐macro concurrent topology optimization for nonlinear solids with a decoupling multiscale analysis (2017)

Summary The present study proposes a method of micro‐macro concurrent topology optimization for a two‐phase nonlinear solid to minimize the end compliance of its macrostructure undergoing large deformation. To reduce the computational costs to solve a 2‐scale boundary value problem under geometrically nonlinear setting, we use the so‐called method of decoupling multiscale structural analysis , in which the microscopic and macroscopic boundary value problems are decoupled in the homogenization process. An isotropic hyperelasticity model is used for the constitutive model for microstructures, while an orthotropic one is assumed to represent the macroscopic material behavior. Owing to this decoupling framework, the micro‐macro concurrent optimization problem can be split into 2 individual problems at the microscale and macroscale for the sake of algorithmic simplicity. Also, a 2‐scale adjoint sensitivity analysis can be performed within the framework of computational homogenization. It is verified from a series numerical examples that the proposed method is capable of computing the optimal structures at both microscale and macroscale, according to the level of applied load.