gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of physical characteristics, power and swimming time in sprint swimmers (2014)

Short distance sprint swimming is a sport which requires production of high intensity force in a relatively short period of time. Thus it depends on the power developed by both the upper and lower limbs, especially in short distance events. On the other hand, swimming performance is a multifactorial phenomenon involving energetics, biomechanics, hydrodynamics, strength parameters and anthropometrics. There are four different style of swimming which have different requirements as per the technique in terms of power and the anthropometric characteristics. The present study evaluated the relationship of physical characteristics, power and swimming time in sprint swimmers. A total of 118 competitive sprint swimmers boys (n=64), girls (n=54) aged 9-17 years, with at least 1 year of swimming experience were chosen. They underwent anthropometric testing followed by power testing of the upper and lower extremities and finally the recording of the 50m sprint swimming time in their respective strokes. In results, statistically significant positive correlations (p<0.001) were found between the physical characteristic variables with the upper and lower extremity power and significant negative correlations (p<0.001) with swimming time. Also statistically significant negative correlations (p<0.001) were found between the swimming time with the upper and lower extremity power. It may be concluded that the physical characteristics were positively correlated with the muscular power and negatively correlated with the swimming time. Also the swimming time was negatively correlated with the muscular power.
Piezoresistive CMOS-MEMS pressure sensor with ring oscillator readout including &#x03A3;&#x0394; analog-to-digital converter on-chip (2006)

The application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is currently growing, increasing the demands for efficient interfacing between the MEMS sensor and CMOS interfacing circuitry. This paper presents a fully integrated CMOS-MEMS pressure sensor, including a frequency-to-digital converter on the same CMOS die. The main purpose of this work is to explore the properties of monolithically integrated MEMS-sensors and CMOS circuitry. The expected features are reduced production cost and reduced noise sensitivity. The fully integrated sensor has been fabricated in a standard 0.6/spl mu/m CMOS process from Austria Micro Systems (AMS). Only one single post-processing step is required to form the pressure sensitive diaphragm. Theoretical discussions are presented along with measured results. The measured results confirm the theoretical discussions. The chip size is 13mm/sup 2/ and the power consumption is 30mW@3.0V.
Code review analysis of software system using machine learning techniques (2017)

Code review is systematic examination of a software system's source code. It is intended to find mistakes overlooked in the initial development phase, improving the overall quality of software and reducing the risk of bugs among other benefits. Reviews are done in various forms such as pair programming, informal walk-through, and formal inspections. Code review has been found to accelerate and streamline the process of software development like very few other practices in software development can. In this paper we propose a machine learning approach for the code reviews in a software system. This would help in faster and a cleaner reviews of the checked in code. The proposed approach is evaluated for feasibility on an open source system eclipse. [1], [2], [3].
Noisy recurrent neural networks: the discrete-time case (1998)

The results of the companion paper on the behavior of continuous-time recurrent neural networks (RNN) are specialized to the discrete-time (so-called time-lagged recurrent) case. Uniform boundedness of the first and second moment sequences of the trajectory is established. For practical design purposes, estimates and bounds on the bias and variance sequences of the stochastic discrete-time RNN are derived. A script file for estimating the variance bounds for specified designs is provided in an Appendix.
[Troponin, a new myocardial infarction marker]. (1998)

The troponin (Tn) complex consists of three protein subunits referred to as TnT, TnI and TnC. Myocardium contains TnI and TnT isoforms which are not present in skeletal muscles and which can be separated from the muscular isoforms by immunological techniques. Using commercially available immunoassays, clinical laboratories are able to determine cardiac TnT and TnI (cTnT and cTnI) as quickly and reliably as classical cardiac markers. After acute myocardial infarction, cTnT and cTnI concentrations start to increase in serum in a rather similar way than CK-MB, but return to normal after longer periods of time (approximately one week). Because of their excellent cardiac specificity, Tn subunits appear ideally suited for the differential diagnosis of myocardial and muscular damage, for example in non cardiac surgery patients, in patients with muscular trauma or with chronic muscular diseases, or after intensive physical exercise. cTnT and cTnI may also be used for detecting evidence of minor myocardial damage, and therefore may find new applications in the management of patients with unstable angina.
P-wave attenuation measurements from laboratory resonance and sonic waveform data (1989)

Abstract We computed compressional-wave velocity (V p ) and attenuation (1/Q p ) from sonic log waveforms recorded in a cored, 30 m thick, dolostone reservoir; using cores from the same reservoir, laboratory measurements of V p and Q p were also obtained. We used a resonant bar technique to measure extensional and shear-wave velocities and attenuations in the laboratory, so that the same frequency range as used in sonic logging (5-25 kHz) was studied. Having the same frequency range avoids frequency-dependent differences between the laboratory and in-situ measurements.Compressional-wave attenuations at 0 MPa confining pressure, calculated on 30 samples, gave average Q p values of 17. Experimental and geometrical errors were estimated to be about 5 percent. Measurements at elevated effective pressures up to 30 MPa on selected dolostone samples in a homogeneous interval showed mean Q p and Q s to be approximately equal and consistently greater than 125. At effective stress of 20 MPa and at room temperature, the mean Q p over the dolostone interval was 87, a minimum estimate for the approximate in-situ conditions.We computed compressional-wave attenuation from sonic log waveforms in the 12.5-25 kHz frequency band using the slope of the spectral ratio of waveforms recorded 0.914 m and 1.524 m from the source. Average Q p over the interval was 13.5, and the mean error between this value and the 95 percent confidence interval of the slope was 15.9 percent. The laboratory measurements of Q p under elevated pressure conditions were more than five times greater than the mean in-situ values. This comparison shows that additional extrinsic losses in the log-derived measurement of Q p , such as scattering from fine layers and vugs or mode conversion to shear energy dissipating radially from the borehole, dominate the apparent attenuation.
2,3-Dipentyldithieno[3,2-<i>f</i>:2′,3′-<i>h</i>]quinoxaline-Based Organic Dyes for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of π-Bridges and Electron Donors on Solar Cell Performance (2015)

Five novel metal-free organic dyes DQ1-5 containing a dipentyldithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (DPQ) unit were synthesized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), where DPQ was employed as a π-spacer for the first time. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical calculations and photovoltaic properties were systematically investigated. All the five dyes show broad photoresponse. Especially the absorption edges of DQ3-5 extend to 800 nm on the TiO2 films. The inserted electron-rich unit 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or electron-withdrawing group benzothiadiazole (BTD) in DPQ-based dyes can greatly influence the optoelectronic properties of the dyes. In addition, the different electron donors also significantly affect the performance of the DSSCs. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions, the DQ5 sensitized solar cell obtained a power conversion efficiency of 7.12%. The result indicates that the rigid DPQ-based organic dye is a promising candidate for efficient DSSCs.
Determining C‐7 stereochemistry in C‐7‐substituted 6α,14α‐<i>endo</i>‐ethano‐ and 6α, 14α‐<i>endo</i>‐ethenotetrahydrothebaines by <sup>13</sup>C NMR; a re‐analysis (1993)

Abstract A re‐analysis of previously published 13 C NMR data on C‐7‐substituted 6α,14α‐ endo ‐ethanotetrahydrothebaines shows that the 13 C chemical shift of C‐18 in these medicinally important compounds can be used as an indicator of C‐7 stereochemistry, this being due to a steric gamma effect between C‐18 and C‐7 substituents in an α orientation. In seven examples of α‐isomers the C‐18 chemical shift ranges from δ17.02 to δ18.42 (average δ17.72), whereas in four examples of β‐isomers the C‐18 chemical shift ranges from δ22.09 to δ24.00 (average δ22.73‐23.40). Since suitable etheno compounds can be chemically reduced to ethano compounds, C‐7 stereochemistry in such 6α,14α‐ endo ‐etheno compounds can be determined indirectly.
Interleukin-15 Augments Superoxide Production and Microbicidal Activity of Human Monocytes against<i>Candida albicans</i> (1998)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a newly described cytokine that shares biological activities with IL-2. We report here results demonstrating the ability of IL-15 to enhance superoxide production and antifungal activity of human monocytes. After 18 and 48 h of treatment with IL-15, human elutriated monocytes manifested enhanced superoxide production in response to either phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized Candida albicans blastoconidia. Similar results were obtained when monocytes were treated with IL-2, but to a lesser extent. Combination studies with IL-15 and IL-2 showed no additive or synergistic effects. Following incubation of monocytes with IL-15 for 18 h, there was no significant increase in mRNA transcripts for components of the NADPH oxidase complex, p40-phox, p47-phox, and gp91-phox, suggesting a posttranscriptional modulation of enhanced superoxide production. Antibodies against the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor and, to a lesser extent, against the beta chain partially abrogated the IL-15-mediated enhanced superoxide production. Additionally, human monocytes showed enhanced killing activity against C. albicans after 18 h of incubation with IL-15 or IL-2, but this treatment did not enhance the ability of these cells to phagocytose the organism. In addition, the enhanced fungicidal activity seen after 18 h of treatment was no longer detectable after 48 h of cytokine treatment. Culture supernatants from the IL-15-treated monocytes were assayed for the presence of other proinflammatory cytokines. IL-15 treatment did not induce the release of detectable levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-12. Our results indicate that IL-15 upregulates the microbicidal activity of human monocytes against C. albicans.
Anti-biofilm properties of chitosan-coated surfaces (2008)

Surfaces coated with the naturally-occurring polysaccharide chitosan (partially deacetylated poly N-acetyl glucosamine) resisted biofilm formation by bacteria and yeast. Reductions in biofilm viable cell numbers ranging from 95% to 99.9997% were demonstrated for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans on chitosan-coated surfaces over a 54-h experiment in comparison to controls. For instance, chitosan-coated surfaces reduced S. epidermidis surface-associated growth more than 5.5 (10)log units (99.9997%) compared to a control surface. As a comparison, coatings containing a combination of the antibiotics minocycline and rifampin reduced S. epidermidis growth by 3.9 (10)log units (99.99%) and coatings containing the antiseptic chlorhexidine did not significantly reduce S. epidermidis surface associated growth as compared to controls. The chitosan effects were confirmed with microscopy. Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent-dye-loaded S. epidermidis, the permeabilization of these cells was observed as they alighted on chitosan-coated surfaces. This suggests chitosan disrupts cell membranes as microbes settle on the surface. Chitosan offers a flexible, biocompatible platform for designing coatings to protect surfaces from infection.
Comparing infectivity and virulence of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters (2021)

Stated in the acknowledgment.
Bisphosphonates: Preclinical Aspects and Use in Osteoporosis (1997)

The bisphosphonates are synthetic compounds characterized by a P-C-P bond. They have a strong affinity to calcium phosphates and hence to bone mineral. In vitro they inhibit both formation and dissolution of the latter. Many of the bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption, the newest compounds being 10,000 times more active than etidronate, the first bisphosphonate described. The antiresorbing effect is cell mediated, partly by a direct action on the osteoclasts, partly through the osteoblasts, which produce an inhibitor of osteoclastic recruitment. When given in large amounts, some bisphosphonates can also inhibit normal and ectopic mineralization through a physical-chemical inhibition of crystal growth. In the growing rat the inhibition of resorption is accompanied by an increase in intestinal absorption and an increased balance of calcium. Bisphosphonates also prevent various types of experimental osteoporosis, such as after immobilization, ovariectomy, orchidectomy, administration of corticosteroids, or low calcium diet. The P-C-P bond of the bisphosphonates is completely resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. The bisphosphonates studied up to now, such as etidronate, clodronate, pamidronate, and alendronate, are absorbed, stored, and excreted unaltered. The intestinal absorption of the bisphosphonates is low, between 1% or less and 10% of the amount ingested. The newer bisphosphonates are at the lower end of the scale. The absorption diminishes when the compounds are given with food, especially in the presence of calcium. Bisphosphonates are rapidly cleared from plasma, 20%-80% being deposited in bone and the remainder excreted in the urine. In bone, they deposit at sites of mineralization as well as under the osteoclasts. In contrast to plasma, the half-life in bone is very long, partially as long as the half-life of the bone in which they are deposited. In humans, bisphosphonates are used successfully in diseases with increased bone turnover, such as Paget's disease, tumoural bone disease, as well as in osteoporosis. Various bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, clodronate, etidronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, and tiludronate, have been investigated in osteoporosis. All inhibit bone loss in postmenopausal women and increase bone mass. Furthermore, bisphosphonates are also effective in preventing bone loss both in corticosteroid-treated and in immobilized patients. The effect on the rate of fractures has recently been proven for alendronate. In humans, the adverse effects depend upon the compound and the amount given. For etidronate, practically the only adverse effect is an inhibition of mineralization. The aminoderivatives induce for a period of 2-3 days a syndrome with pyrexia, which shows a similitude with an acute phase reaction. The more potent compounds can induce gastrointestinal disturbances, sometimes oesophagitis, when given orally. Bisphosphonates are an important addition to the therapeutic possibilities in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Effects of carbohydrate type and concentration and solution osmolality on water absorption (1995)

We studied intestinal absorption of solutions containing either one (glucose, Glu, or maltodextrin, Mal) or two (fructose, Fru, and Glu or sucrose, Suc) transportable carbohydrate (CHO) substrates using segmental perfusion technique in eight healthy male subjects. These CHO were either free or directly transportable monosaccharides (Glu, Fru), bound as the disaccharide (sucrose, Suc), or as oligomers (maltodextrins, Mal). [CHO] was varied from 6% to 8% (120-444 mmol.1(-1)). All solutions contained low [Na+] (15-19 mEq) and [K+] (3-4 mEq). Solutions osmolalities varied from 165 to 477 mOsm.kg(-1). Osmolalities in the test segment ranged from 268 to 314 mOsm.kg(-1). The regression line of osmolality with water absorption differed for single as compared with multiple substrate solutions. The significantly different intercepts of these two regression lines suggest that solutions with multiple substrates produce greater water absorption at a given osmolality than those with one. Comparing all solutions, test segment solute flux (partial r = 0.69) was more important than mean osmolality (partial r = 0.32). In conclusion, solutions with multiple substrates stimulate several different solute absorption mechanisms yielding greater water absorption than solutions with only one substrate.
Abrasive waterjet peening: A new method of surface preparation for metal orthopedic implants (2000)

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) peening is a new mechanical surface treatment process envisioned for use on metal orthopedic implants. The process utilizes an abrasive waterjet to simultaneously texture and work harden the surface of a metal substrate through controlled hydrodynamic erosion. In this study, a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) was subjected to AWJ peening over a range of parametric conditions. The textured surfaces were quantified in terms of the apparent interdigitation volume (V(i)), the effective stress concentration factor (K(t)) posed by the surface topography, and the magnitude of residual stress (sigma(r) ). Topographical features of the prepared surfaces were determined using contact profilometry, and X-ray diffraction was used in evaluating the in-plane residual stress. It was found that a large range in V(i) (9.4-43.8 microm(3)/microm(2)) and K(t) (1.3-2.7) are available through selection of the AWJ peening process parameters. Furthermore, a compressive residual stress (-409 +/- sigma(r) +/- -33) was found to result within the surface of the Ti6Al4V substrates regardless of treatment conditions. When compared to a titanium plasma spray coating used for cementless fixation, the AWJ peened Ti6Al4V exhibited a surface topography with significantly lower effective stress concentration and higher compressive residual stress. Based on results from this study, AWJ peening may serve as a new method of surface treatment for metal orthopedic implants, which supports the development of stable primary fixation and simultaneously enhances the component fatigue strength.
Algorithms For Community Identification In Complex Networks (2012)

First and foremost, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Professor Narsingh Deo, for his excellent guidance and encouragement, and also for introducing me to this wonderful science of complex networks. Without his support this dissertation would not have been possible. I would also like to thank the members of my research committee, professors Charles Hughes, Ratan Guha, Mainak Chatterjee and Yue Zhao for their advice and guidance during the entire process. I am indebted to the faculty and the staff of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science for providing me the resources and environment to perform this research. I am grateful to my colleagues in the Parallel and Quantum computing lab for the stimulating discussions and support. I would also like to thank Dr. Hemant Balakrishnan and Dr. Sanjeeb Nanda for their valuable suggestions and guidance. My heartfelt thanks to my parents, Vasudevan and Raji, who have always been supportive of my decisions and encouraged me with their best wishes. I would also like to thank my sister Gomathy, for her words of care and affection during tough times. Special thanks to my friends in Orlando for being there when I needed them
Spectral Linewidth Reduction in Widely Wavelength Tunable DFB Laser Array (2009)

We have developed an L-band tunable distributed feedback laser array (TLA) with a new design to reduce the spectral linewidth. A wide wavelength tuning range of ~ 40 nm is obtained with a high fiber output power of 20 mW and a high side-mode suppression ratio of >50 dB in the TLA module. A narrow linewidth of less than 580 kHz is achieved over the entire tuning range. Furthermore, we investigated the causes of linewidth variation. We found that a TLA with a longer cavity is more tolerant to external feedback, which reduces the variation in linewidth.
GMrepo: a database of curated and consistently annotated human gut metagenomes (2019)

GMrepo (data repository for Gut Microbiota) is a database of curated and consistently annotated human gut metagenomes. Its main purpose is to facilitate the reusability and accessibility of the rapidly growing human metagenomic data. This is achieved by consistently annotating the microbial contents of collected samples using state-of-art toolsets and by manual curation of the meta-data of the corresponding human hosts. GMrepo organizes the collected samples according to their associated phenotypes and includes all possible related meta-data such as age, sex, country, body-mass-index (BMI) and recent antibiotics usage. To make relevant information easier to access, GMrepo is equipped with a graphical query builder, enabling users to make customized, complex and biologically relevant queries. For example, to find (1) samples from healthy individuals of 18 to 25 years old with BMIs between 18.5 and 24.9, or (2) projects that are related to colorectal neoplasms, with each containing >100 samples and both patients and healthy controls. Precomputed species/genus relative abundances, prevalence within and across phenotypes, and pairwise co-occurrence information are all available at the website and accessible through programmable interfaces. So far, GMrepo contains 58 903 human gut samples/runs (including 17 618 metagenomes and 41 285 amplicons) from 253 projects concerning 92 phenotypes. GMrepo is freely available at: https://gmrepo.humangut.info.
Thin Slices of Online Profile Attributes (2021)

People form consistent impressions of others given surprisingly little information. With the advent of social networks, impressions now may form online rather than in a face-to-face context. This research explores aspects of online impression formation and discusses the crucial role of user profiles in this process. By examining users' decisions in an experimentally controlled social network, we show that users need only a thin slice of profile information in order to form impressions of others online. Additionally, specific profile attributes are evaluated for their perceived utility (how much do users choose to view these attributes), predictiveness (how well they serve as a proxy for a full profile), and diagnosticity (their ability to help users choose between online profiles). Findings provide design suggestions for better profile displays when space is restricted.