gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques for collective physical memory ubiquity within networked clusters of virtual machines (2009)

This dissertation addresses the use of distributed memory to improve the performance of state-of-the-art virtual machines (VMs) in clusters with gigabit interconnects. Even with ever-increasing DRAM capacities, we observe a continued need to support applications that exhibit mostly memory-intensive execution patterns, like databases, webservers, scientific and grid applications. In this dissertation, we make four primary contributions. First, we fully survey the history of the solutions available for basic, transparent distributed memory support. Then, we document a bottom-up implementation and evaluation of a basic prototype whose goal is to move deeper into the kernel than previous application-level solutions. We choose a clean, transparent device interface capable of minimizing network latency and copying overheads. Second, we explore how recent work with VMs has brought back into question the memory management logic of the operating system. VM technology provides ease and transparency for imposing order on OS memory management (using techniques like full virtualization and para-virtualization). As such, we evaluate distributed memory in this context by trying to optimize our previous prototype at different places in the Xen virtualization architecture. Third, we leverage this work to explore alternative strategies for live VM migration. A key component that determines the success of migration techniques has been exactly how memory is transmitted and when. More specifically, this involves fine grained page-fault management either before a VM's CPU state is migrated (the current default) or afterwards. Thus, we design and evaluate the Post-Copy live VM migration scheme and compare it to the existing (Pre-Copy) migration scheme, realizing significant improvements. Finally, we promote the ubiquity of individual page frames as a cluster resource by integrating the use of distributed memory into the hypervisor (or virtual machine monitor). We design and implement CIVIC: a system that allows un-modified VMs to oversubscribe their DRAM size to larger than a given host's physical memory. Then, we compliment this by implementing and evaluating network paging in the hypervisor for locally resident VMs. We evaluate the performance impact of CIVIC on various application workloads and show how CIVIC allows for many possible VM extensions such as better VM consolidation, multi-host caching, and the ability to better coordinate with VM migration.
Fibers Mechanically Similar to Sheep Wool Obtained by Wet Spinning of Gelatin and Optional Plasticizers (2014)

Abstract Gelatin is an exceptional and versatile biopolymer with applications in various industries. As the most abundant structural protein in vertebrates it is available in megaton quantities. On these grounds, it would be a plausible substitute for synthetic polymers. Gelatin processing into fibers seems promising as continuous protein filaments do not have the limitation of natural fibers, i.e., small staple fiber length. Instead of spinning an aqueous gelatin solution, a protein precipitate from a phase‐separated system is used. Robust wet spinning with subsequent fiber drawing allows production of a gelatin filament with similar mechanical properties as sheep wool. Different degrees of fiber drawing and addition of plasticizers enable to tailor the mechanical and thermal fiber properties and demonstrate the versatility of the proposed spinning process.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiC Composites (1986)

The effects of SiC dispersions with average particle sizes of 2 and 8μm on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated for Al2O3-SiC composites, which were fabricated at 1500° to 1800°C for 1h under the applied pressure 27MN/m2. The sintering temperature increased with increasing the SiC content. However, the grain growth of Al2O3 was remarkably inhibited by incorporating SiC particles, especially those of 2μm. The Vickers hardness of composites increased with increasing the SiC content. The maximum toughness and strength, 4.5MN/m3/2 and 490MN/m2, were observed for the composite containing 10mol% 2μm SiC prepared at 1600°C, approximately 40% higher than those with Al2O3 only. The increases may be attributed to the increase in toughness by crack deflection and/or microcracking caused by the SiC dispersions.
Dehydrosteroid measurements in maternal urine or serum for the prenatal diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) (2007)

In a large multi-center trial involving prenatal screening for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), we evaluated maternal urine and serum steroid analysis as a non-invasive diagnostic alternative to amniotic fluid sterol analysis. Candidate steroid ratios included: 7-dehydropregnanetriol/pregnanetriol (7-PT/PT), 8-dehydropregnanetriol/PT (8-PT/PT), the sum of these two (7 + 8-PT/PT), and dehydroestriol/estriol (DHE3/E3). Results are presented from 19 SLOS pregnancies, and 732 reference pregnancies that were screen positive for SLOS but negative on testing in amniotic fluid. Steroid ratios are expressed as multiples of the 75th centile (MoS), rather than multiples of the median, as most reference measurements were undetectable. All four urine ratios were available in 12 SLOS pregnancies; the median 7-PT/PT MoS was 94, with no overlap between affected and reference pregnancies in the second trimester. The separation between these groups increased by 27% per week. The other three ratios performed similarly in urine, with (7 + 8)-PT/PT ratios being marginally superior, due to fewer high reference outliers. All four steroid ratios in urine were diagnostic for SLOS between 14 and 22 weeks' gestation. In six SLOS pregnancies in which all serum analytes were measured, the median 7-PT/PT MoS was 71, and there was slight overlap in the second trimester. The separation increased by 28% per week. Steroid ratios in serum were less definitive than in urine but might be useful in certain circumstances, at 14 weeks gestation or later. Urine testing performance prior to 14 weeks gestation appears promising, but reference data are sparse.
Nano-Structure Controlled Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications Prepared by Ion Beam Irradiation (2006)

Fluoropolymer-based electrolyte membranes for fuel cells were prepared by using heavy ion beams from the cyclotron accelerator of the Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The preparation method for these so-called nano-scale structure-controlled membranes involves (i) the swift heavy ion irradiation of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films and subsequent chemical etching to obtain cylindrical pores with a diameter of 100 nm, and (ii) the filling of proton-conducting polymer chains into the etched pores by gamma-ray-induced graft polymerization. The proton transport only in the thickness direction was observed for the resulting membranes with controlled ion exchange capacities, indicating the formation of one-dimensional straight proton-conducting pathways parallel to the ion-beam incident axis. The membranes exhibited a lower water uptake and reduced methanol permeability compared to commercially-available Nafion probably due to the restricted structures.
Using tabu search to find optimal switched LAN configurations (2002)

The performance of a local area network (LAN) can be improved in many cases by the installation of LAN switches. Determining how to partition a LAN and estimating the performance improvements from a given partitioning are difficult problems. An objective function is developed to quantify a partitioning of a LAN based on a tree-structured topology as supported by IEEE 802.1d compliant LAN switches. It is shown that the objective function developed and the use of tabu search metaheuristic results in a method that finds better partitionings and does so faster than existing methods.
Molecular Genetics of Target-Site Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicides (1996)

Weed biotypes resistant to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (acetohydroxyacid synthase, E.C. 4.1.3.18) are now widespread in North America. The molecular genetics of resistance in crop species and Arabidopsis are well characterized. Several point mutations confer resistance to the sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidine, or pyrimidinyl oxybenzoate herbicides. Some of these point mutations also confer herbicide resistance in field-selected herbicide resistant weed biotypes. Specific cross-resistance patterns appear to be associated with specific point mutations.
Light reflection from a Bragg grating during continuum generation (2007)

In this paper, the light reflected from a Bragg grating when a highly nonlinear pulse propagates through the grating, generating a continuum is measured. The authors found that the nonlinear processes generating the continuum are enhanced near the bandgap edges in both the forward and backward directions. The spectrum of the nonlinear FBG reflection is thus significantly different from the linear reflection spectrum in which light is only reflected within the bandgap. An amplified, modelocked Er-doped fiber laser (~35 fs pulses, average power of ~0.1 W) was spliced to a length of OFS highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) containing a Bragg grating resonance near 990 nm. The reflection was measured by inserting a ~0.25% tap into the standard single mode compressor fiber (SSMF).
Correlation of near infrared absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy scattering with tissue neovascularization and collagen concentration in a diabetic rat wound healing model (2008)

The objective of this paper was to correlate optical changes of tissue during wound healing measured by near infrared (NIR) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) with histologic changes in an animal model. Amplitude and phase of scattered light were obtained in a diabetic rat and control model and biopsies were taken for blood vessel ingrowth and collagen concentration. NIR absorption coefficient correlated with blood vessel ingrowth over time, in both the control and diabetic animals. DRS data correlated with collagen concentration. Previous publications by this group documented only the NIR changes during the wound healing process but this is the first reported correlation with histology data. The ability to correlate DRS scattering with collagen concentration during healing is another important and novel finding. This technology may play an important role clinically in assessing the efficacy of wound healing agents in diabetics.
Specific Interference of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression Induced by Double-stranded RNA Results in Decreased Invasion, Tumor Growth, and Angiogenesis in Gliomas (2005)

We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of adenovirus-mediated expression of antisense urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in inhibiting tumor invasion in vitro and ex vivo. However, the therapeutic effect of the adenovirus-mediated antisense approach was shown to be transient and required potentially toxic, high viral doses. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene targeting may be superior to the traditional antisense approach, because the target mRNA is completely degraded and the molar ratio of siRNA required to degrade the target mRNA is very low. Here, we have examined the siRNA-mediated target RNA degradation of uPAR and MMP-9 in human glioma cell lines. Using RNAi directed toward uPAR and MMP-9, we achieved specific inhibition of uPAR and MMP-9. This bicistronic construct (pUM) inhibited the formation of capillary-like structures in both in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis. We demonstrated that blocking the expression of these genes results in significant inhibition of glioma tumor invasion in Matrigel and spheroid invasion assay models. RNAi for uPAR and MMP-9 inhibited cell proliferation, and significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated forms of MAPK, ERK, and AKT signaling pathway molecules when compared with parental and empty vector/scrambled vector-transfected SNB19 cells. Furthermore, using RNAi to simultaneously target two proteases resulted in total regression of pre-established intracerebral tumor growth. Our results provide evidence that the use of hairpin siRNA expression vectors for uPAR and MMP-9 may provide an effective tool for cancer therapy.
<title>Advanced single-slice rebinning in cone-beam spiral CT: theoretical considerations and medical applications</title> (2000)

The advanced single-slice rebinning algorithm (ASSR) is a highly accurate and efficient approximative algorithm for cone-beam spiral CT that (1) yields high image quality even at large cone angles, (2) makes use of available 2D backprojection algorithms/hardware and (3) allows for sequential data processing. It uses virtual R-planes (reconstruction planes) that are tilted to optimally fit 180 degree spiral segments. Along these R-planes data of a virtual 2D parallel scanner are synthesized via rebinning from the measured spiral cone-beam data. Reconstruction with 2D filtered backprojection yields the object cross-section in world coordinates [x, y, z(x, y)] which is resampled to carthesian coordinates (x, y, z) by z-filtering. Geometrical misalignments as well as any arbitrary detector geometry can be easily incorporated in the ASSR algorithm. ASSR, unlike other approximate algorithms, does not show severe cone-beam artifacts when going to larger cone angles. Even for scanners with a high number of detector rows, e.g. 64 rows, a high and isotropic z-resolution is achieved. In-plane resolution is determined by the 2D reconstruction filters which can be chosen as in 2D CT. Even in the case of only M equals 4 or M equals 8 simultaneously measured slices, ASSR may outperform standard z-interpolation algorithms such as 180 degree MFI. Due to its high efficiency and high image quality ASSR has the potential to be used for medical cone-beam CT.
Raman Chemical Imaging: Noninvasive Visualization of Polymer Blend Architecture (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman Chemical Imaging: Noninvasive Visualization of Polymer Blend ArchitectureMichael D. Schaeberle, Costas G. Karakatsanis, Clifford J. Lau, and Patrick J. TreadoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 23, 4316–4321Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00119a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00119a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graph spectral motion segmentation based on motion vanishing point analysis (2015)

Motion segmentation relies on identifying coherent relationships between image pixels that are associated with motion vectors. However, perspective differences can often deteriorate the performance of conventional techniques. In this paper, we develop a motion segmentation scheme that utilizes the motion map of a single frame to identify motion representations based on motion vanishing points. Segmentation is achieved using graph spectral clustering where a novel graph is constructed using the motion representation distances in the motion vanishing point image associated with the image pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed graph spectral motion segmentation algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods for dense segmentation on image sequences with strong perspective effects using motion vectors between only two images.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sarcodictyins (1998)

A new class of potential antitumor agents with a taxol-like mechanism of action is presented by the sarcodictyins 1. Modification of the reported syntheses of sarcodictyins permitted the preparation of additional derivatives, the biological properties of which are highly dependent upon the structure.
Aminozolamide Suspension: The Role of the Vehicle in a Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (1988)

Aminozolamide (6-amino-2-benzothiazolesulfonamide) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor derived from ethoxzolamide that has been shown in gel formulation to lower IOP in rabbits, primates and humans. This study was designed to determine whether aminozolamide in suspension was also effective in lowering IOP. In separate single dose and multiple dose studies, patients with ocular hypertension were tested over 24 hours. No statistically significant drop in intraocular pressure was noted between the treated and control eye. In addition, conjunctival injection was noted in three of eleven subjects after multiple dosing. These studies suggest that retention of aminozolamide at the active site is inadequate when delivered in a suspension vehicle. In the past 10 years, efforts to develop an effective topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor have been vigorously pursued. This has been aided by advancements in drug delivery and chemical synthesis involving molecular modification of existing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Various compounds have been developed that retain carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity, penetrate the cornea and optimize the other important pharmacokinetic properties to lower intraocular pressure. One such compound, aminozolamide (6-amino-2-benzothiazolesulfonamide) is derived from ethoxzolamide. In suspension, it has been shown to lower IOP in rabbits and primates. It also has been shown to lower IOP in patients with ocular hypertension when delivered in a gel vehicle. The carbomer gel vehicle, a drug delivery system also used with pilocarpine (Pilopine HS), is used to prolong ocular contact and enhance penetration. The importance of the role of the vehicle in a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor has not been assessed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Highly Enantioselective Reduction of a Small Heterocyclic Ketone: Biocatalytic Reduction of Tetrahydrothiophene-3-one to the Corresponding (<i>R</i>)-Alcohol (2009)

By leveraging enzyme evolution technologies, the enantioselectivity of a KetoREDuctase (KRED) towards the nearly spatially symmetrical ketone tetrahydrothiophene-3-one was increased from 63% ee to 99.3% ee. The biocatalytic process gives (R)-tetrahydrothiophene-3-ol in one step from a commodity chemical and supplants the original multistep hazardous processes starting from the chiral pool. The biocatalytic process has been successfully scaled to 100 kg.
Wide‐azimuth processing for azimuthal anisotropy analysis (2004)

Azimuth‐friendly data processing is mandatory in a reliable fracture characterisation workflow. Here, the effects of standard processing methodologies in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy are investigated on synthetic and real data examples. Common techniques for signal processing, statics calculations, imaging and velocity analysis are adapted for wide‐azimuth, wide‐offset P‐wave data. We present a general processing sequence that preserves azimuthal anisotropy. Further, we compare anisotropy parameters derived from impedance inversion and azimuthal AVO on a Middle East data example.
Recursive Bias Estimation and Orbit Determination (2009)

O RBIT determination algorithms are designed to estimate satellite position and inertial velocity from unbiased sensor measurements. Static and dynamic measurement biases, which are low-frequency systematic errors, cause biases in both position and velocity estimates that can significantly degrade track accuracy. As only the random error statistics are characterized, the filter covariance usually underestimates the biased track error statistics. Track biases and covariance fidelity are important issues for correlation and fusion of multiple sensor tracks [1,2]. Many algorithms have been developed [3–10] for estimation of bias parameters in the system dynamics, in the measurements, or in both. Generally, bias parameters are estimated jointly with the position and velocity states. Depending on the number of bias parameters, this approach can be computationally intensive, the system covariance matrix can become ill conditioned, and bias-state observability and separability can be problematic. Alternatively, two-step techniques extract bias parameters from the track measurement residuals. For current radar systems, measurement biases are calibrated by tracking one metric satellite having an accurate ephemeris, or by tracking many satellites with less accurate ephemerides [9]. Range and angle biases are calibrated after (not during) the data collection (s). A noteworthy exception is a real-time algorithm for angle bias estimation in wideband radars [10]. In this Note, an iterated 12-state extended Kalman filter EKF(12) is formulated for simultaneous (real-time) orbit determination and bias estimation. Orbit position and velocity states are augmented with six dynamic (rather than static) bias states that model radar orientation biases and radar range-angle measurement biases. Biasstate observability and separability are enhanced by physical models for the bias dynamics and by careful characterization of bias effects in the measurement residuals. For example, random and certain environmental (i.e., tropospheric) bias errors are intrinsic to the radar measurements, whereas radar orientation biases corrupt the transformation of the prior position estimate from inertial to radar coordinates. Performance evaluations will demonstrate accurate real-time state estimates and excellent covariance fidelity, which are essential for radar-to-radar track correlation and fusion. II. Sensor Models
Two-photon induced helical relief in azo-polymer film (2019)

Light possesses orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) arising from its helical wavefront and helical electric field [1]. The OAM of light enables us to twist a variety of irradiated materials with the aid of the spin angular momentum of light, so as to create various helical structures [2]. To date, we and our co-workers have demonstrated the formation of helical surface relief in azo-polymers, exhibiting trans-cis isomerization [3], by illumination of a visible optical field with OAM, so-called optical vortex [4]. Nonlinear optical phenomenon, such as two-photon-absorption (TPA) process, has always been offering us new fundamental and advanced sciences, for instance, 3-dimentional micro/nanofabrication, however, most studies of surface relief formation in azo-polymers are still based on single-photon-absorption (SPA). In this presentation, we report on the TPA induced chiral surface relief formed in an azo-polymer film by the illumination of picosecond near-infrared optical vortex pulses.