gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of srf-3-encoded Nucleotide Sugar Transporter Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans Alters Surface Antigenicity and Prevents Bacterial Adherence (2004)

During the establishment of a bacterial infection, the surface molecules of the host organism are of particular importance, since they mediate the first contact with the pathogen. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in the srf-3 locus confer resistance to infection by Microbacterium nematophilum, and they also prevent biofilm formation by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a close relative of the bubonic plague agent Yersinia pestis. We cloned srf-3 and found that it encodes a multitransmembrane hydrophobic protein resembling nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus membrane. srf-3 is exclusively expressed in secretory cells, consistent with its proposed function in cuticle/surface modification. We demonstrate that SRF-3 can function as a nucleotide sugar transporter in heterologous in vitro and in vivo systems. UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine are substrates for SRF-3. We propose that the inability of Yersinia biofilms and M. nematophilum to adhere to the nematode cuticle is due to an altered glycoconjugate surface composition of the srf-3 mutant.
Optimal cell flipping in placement and floorplanning (2006)

In a placed circuit, there are a lot of movable cells that can be flipped to further reduce the total wirelength, without affecting the original placement solution. We aim at solving this flipping problem optimally. However, solving such a problem optimally is non-trivial given the gigantic sizes of modern circuits. We are able to identify a large portion of cells (about 75%) of which the orientation (flipped or not flipped) can be determined independent of the orientations of all the other cells. We have derived three non-trivial conditions to identify those so called independent cells, strictly solvable cells and conditionally solvable cells. In this way, we can greatly reduce the number of cells whose orientations are dependent on each other. Finally, the cell flipping problem of the remaining dependent cells can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and solved optimally. However, this may still be too slow for extremely large circuits and we have applied two other methods, Linear Programming (LP) and Linear Programming followed by Mixed Integer Linear Programming (LP+MILP) to solve the problem. Experimental results show that by identifying those independent and solvable cells first and applying the LP+MILP technique, we can solve this flipping problem effectively and obtain results just 0.01% more than the optimal. In addition, we can improve the wirelength and number of overflow tiles by 5% and 9% respectively on the floorplanning benchmarks.
The genome-wide multi-layered architecture of chromosome pairing in early Drosophila embryos (2019)

Genome organization involves cis and trans chromosomal interactions, both implicated in gene regulation, development, and disease. Here, we focus on trans interactions in Drosophila, where homologous chromosomes are paired in somatic cells from embryogenesis through adulthood. We first address long-standing questions regarding the structure of embryonic homolog pairing and, to this end, develop a haplotype-resolved Hi-C approach to minimize homolog misassignment and thus robustly distinguish trans-homolog from cis contacts. This computational approach, which we call Ohm, reveals pairing to be surprisingly structured genome-wide, with trans-homolog domains, compartments, and interaction peaks, many coinciding with analogous cis features. We also find a significant genome-wide correlation between pairing, transcription during zygotic genome activation, and binding of the pioneer factor Zelda. Our findings reveal a complex, highly structured organization underlying homolog pairing, first discovered a century ago in Drosophila. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of our haplotype-resolved approach by applying it to mammalian embryos.
Design of a resistively loaded vee dipole for ultrawide-band ground-penetrating Radar applications (2005)

A new resistively loaded vee dipole (RVD) is designed and implemented for ultrawide-band short-pulse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications. The new RVD is improved in terms of voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and front-to-back ratio while maintaining many advantages of the typical RVD, such as the ability to radiate a short-pulse into a small spot on the ground, a low radar cross section, applicability in an array, etc. The improvements are achieved by curving the arms and modifying the Wu-King loading profile. The curve and the loading profile are designed to decrease the reflection at the drive point of the antenna while increasing the forward gain. The new RVD is manufactured by printing the curved arms on a thin Kapton film and loading them with chip resistors, which approximate the continuous loading profile. The number of resistors is chosen such that the resonant frequency due to the resistor spacing occurs at a frequency higher than the operation bandwidth. The antenna and balun are made in a module by sandwiching them between two blocks of polystyrene foam, attaching a plastic support, and encasing the foam blocks in heat-sealable plastic. The antenna module is mechanically reliable without significant performance degradation. The use of the new RVD module in a GPR system is also demonstrated with an experiment.
Techniques for temperature monitoring during laser-induced thermotherapy: An overview (2013)

Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a hyperthermic procedure recently employed to treat cancer in several organs. The amount of coagulated tissue depends on the temperature distribution around the applicator, which plays a crucial role for an optimal outcome: the removal of the whole neoplastic tissue, whilst preventing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Although feedback concerning tissue temperature could be useful to drive the physician in the adjustment of laser settings and treatment duration, LITT is usually performed without real-time monitoring of tissue temperature. During recent decades, many thermometric techniques have been developed to be used during thermal therapies. This paper provides an overview of techniques and sensors employed for temperature measurement during tissue hyperthermia, focusing on LITT, and an investigation of their performances in this application. The paper focuses on the most promising and widespread temperature monitoring techniques, splitting them into two groups: the former includes invasive techniques based on the use of thermocouples and fibre-optic sensors; the second analyses non-invasive methods, i.e. magnetic resonance imaging-, computerised tomography- and ultrasound-based thermometry. Background information on measuring principle, medical applications, advantages and weaknesses of each method are provided and discussed.
Lyotropic Lamellar Phase Formed from Monolayered θ‐Shaped Carborane‐Cage Amphiphiles (2013)

B in phase: Lyotropic lamellar phases can not only be formed from alkyl-chain-based surfactants with a well-defined amphiphilic structure, now they can be obtained from metallacarborane clusters, described as θ-shaped amphiphiles. The lamellae formed are unique as they have a monomolecular thickness.
Human listeriosis in Britain, 1967–85, a summary of 722 cases: 1. Listeriosis during pregnancy and in the newborn (1990)

Clinical information was collected on 722 cases of Listeria monocytogenes infections in humans occurring in Britain between 1967 and 1985: 248 cases (34%) were associated with pregnancy (maternal, foetal, and neonatal), and comprised 9 cases (4%) of maternal bacteraemia without infection of the foetus; 42 cases (19%) of intra-uterine deaths; 118 cases (54%) of neonatal infection diagnosed within 2 days post-partum; and 50 cases (23%) of neonatal infection diagnosed as ill after 2 days post-partum. An overall mortality of 50% was recorded. The cases unassociated with pregnancy are described elsewhere (see accompanying paper).
The mass–metallicity relation of Lyman-break analogues and its dependence on galaxy properties (2014)

We investigate the mass-metallicity relation and its dependence on galaxy physical properties with a sample of 703 Lyman-break analogues (LBAs) in local Universe, which have similar properties to high-redshift star-forming galaxies. The sample is selected according to H luminosity, L(H) > 10 41.8 erg s -1 , and surface brightness, I(H) > 10 40.5 erg s -1 kpc -2 , criteria. The mass-metallicity relation of LBAs harmoniously agrees with that of star-forming galaxies at z 1.4-1.7 in stellar mass range of 10 8.5 M < M < 10 11 M . The relation between stellar mass, metallicity and star formation rate of our sample is roughly consistent with the local fundamental metallicity relation. We find that the mass-metallicity relation shows a strong correlation with the 4000 break; galaxies with higher 4000 break typically have higher metallicity at a fixed mass, by 0.06 dex in average. This trend is independent of the methodology of metallicity. We also use the metallicity estimated by T e -method to confirm it. The scatter in mass-metallicity relation can be reduced from 0.091 to 0.077 dex by a three-dimensional relation between stellar mass, metallicity and 4000 break. The reduction of scatter in mass-metallicity relation suggests that the galaxy stellar age plays an important role as the second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation of LBAs.
p53 Inhibits DNA Replication In Vitro in a DNA-Binding-Dependent Manner (1995)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene product is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that is necessary for the G1 arrest of many cell types. Consistent with its role as a cell cycle checkpoint factor, p53 has been shown to be capable of both transcriptional activation and repression. Here we show a new potential role for p53 as a DNA-binding-dependent regulator of DNA replication. Constructs containing multiple copies of the ribosomal gene cluster (RGC) p53 binding site cloned on the late side of the polyomavirus origin were used in in vitro replication assays. In the presence of p53, the replication of these constructs was strongly inhibited, while the replication of constructs containing a mutant version of the RGC site was not affected by p53. Several tumor-derived mutant p53 proteins were unable to inhibit replication of the construct with wild-type RGC sites. Additionally, the transactivator GAL4-VP16 was unable to inhibit replication of a construct containing GAL4 binding sites adjacent to the polyomavirus origin. We also show that the inhibition by p53 can occur from sites cloned as far as 600 bp from the origin. Preincubation experiments suggest that p53 inhibits replication at a step mediated by ATP, possibly by inhibiting the binding of polyomavirus T antigen to the core origin. The presence of an endogenous p53 binding site in the polyomavirus origin suggests potential mechanisms for the observed inhibition.
Introduction (2017)

This volume explores the problematic of interdisciplinarity when one of the disciplines lies within the purview of performance. It is for performance practitioners and scholars who are living, learning, writing, teaching, making and thinking at the edges of their specialism(s). It is also for those wishing to harness practice, as a way of doing, to activate and interrogate knowledge. In this book you will find a new way of engaging with performance as it intersects, collides and/or integrates across disciplinary boundaries.
Thermal atomic layer etching of amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 films (2021)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) can be achieved with sequential, self-limiting surface reactions. One mechanism for thermal ALE is based on fluorination and ligand-exchange reactions. For metal oxide ALE, fluorination converts the metal oxide to a metal fluoride. The ligand-exchange reaction then removes the metal fluoride by forming volatile products. Previous studies have demonstrated the thermal ALE of amorphous Al2O3 films. However, no previous investigations have explored the differences between the thermal ALE of amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 films. This study explored the thermal ALE of amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 films. HF, SF4, or XeF2 were used as the fluorination reactants. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) or dimethylaluminum chloride (DMAC) were used as the metal precursors for ligand-exchange. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements revealed that the amorphous Al2O3 films had much higher etch rates than the crystalline Al2O3 films. When using HF and TMA at 300 °C, the amorphous Al2O3 film was removed at an etch rate of 0.78 Å/cycle. For the crystalline Al2O3 film, an etch rate of 0.06 Å/cycle was initially observed prior to the stoppage of etching after removing about 10 Å of the film. Thermal ALE with HF and DMAC resulted in similar results. Etch rates of 0.60 and 0.03 Å/cycle were measured for amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 films at 300 °C, respectively. Other fluorination agents, such as SF4 or XeF2, were also used together with TMA or DMAC for Al2O3 ALE. These reactants for fluorination and ligand-exchange were able to etch amorphous Al2O3 films at 300 °C. However, they were unable to etch crystalline Al2O3 film at 300 °C beyond the initial 10–20 Å surface layer. The investigations also examined the effect of annealing temperature on the etch rate per cycle using HF and TMA as the reactants at 300 °C. Amorphous Al2O3 films were etched at approximately the same etch rate of 0.78 Å/cycle until the crystallization of amorphous Al2O3 films at ≥ 880 °C. The differences between amorphous and crystalline Al2O3 thermal ALE could be used to obtain selective thermal ALE of amorphous Al2O3 in the presence of crystalline Al2O3.
Learning Environmental Sounds with Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Deep learning has dramatically improved the performance of sounds recognition. However, learning acoustic models directly from the raw waveform is still challenging. Current waveform-based models generally use time-domain convolutional layers to extract features. The features extracted by single size filters are insufficient for building discriminative representation of audios. In this paper, we propose multi-scale convolution operation, which can get better audio representation by improving the frequency resolution and learning filters cross all frequency area. For leveraging the waveform-based features and spectrogram-based features in a single model, we introduce two-phase method to fuse the different features. Finally, we propose a novel end-to-end network called WaveMsNet based on the multi-scale convolution operation and two-phase method. On the environmental sounds classification datasets ESC-10 and ESC-50, the classification accuracies of our WaveMsNet achieve 93.75% and 79.10% respectively, which improve significantly from the previous methods.
Definition of Unique and Shared T-Cell Defined Tumor Antigens in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (1998)

From peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we isolated several T-cell clones, which efficiently lyse the autologous RCC cell line (LE-8915-RCC), but not the autologous Epstein Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line. Most of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones recognize HLA-A1-positive allogeneic RCC cell lines, indicating that HLA-A1 is the restricting element for these T cells. One CTL clone exclusively recognizes the autologous tumor cells. The HLA-A1-restricted CTL clones can be divided further into two subsets of T-cell clones, one blocked by an HLA-A1-specific monoclonal antibody, the other not. The reactivity of HLA-A1-restricted T-cell clone 6/135 was studied in greater detail. This T-cell clone also recognizes a number of melanoma cell lines, indicating that expression of the antigen seen by this CTL clone is not restricted to RCC. Strikingly, the antigen is not exclusively expressed by tumor cell lines, because primary cultures of proximal tubulus epithelium cells, adult mesangial cells, and normal breast epithelium cells are also lysed. These results corroborate the notion that renal carcinoma cells are immunogenic by virtue of a broadly distributed antigenic structure that may serve as a target for cytotoxic T cells and may be a potential candidate for tumor vaccine development.
Yttrium and Aluminum Alkyl Complexes of a Rigid Bis-Anilido NON-Donor Ligand: Synthesis and Hydroamination Catalysis (2017)

The palladium-catalyzed coupling of 4,5-dibromo-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene (XBr2) with 2 equiv of 2,4,6-triisopropylaniline afforded the proligand 4,5-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylanilino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene (H2XN2), and reaction of H2XN2 with [Y(CH2SiMe2R)3(THF)2] (R = Me, Ph) produced the monoalkyl yttrium complexes [(XN2)Y(CH2SiMe2R)(THF)] (R = Me (1a), Ph (1b)). Neutral 1a showed near-zero ethylene polymerization activity (1 atm, 20 and 80 °C), and in the presence of AlMe3, 1a converted to [(XN2)Y{(μ-Me)2AlMe2}(THF)] (2). Compound 2 is thermally robust, and transfer of the XN2 ligand from yttrium to aluminum was not observed even at elevated temperatures. However, [(XN2)AlMe] (3) was accessible via the reaction of H2XN2 with AlMe3, demonstrating the ability of the wide-bite-angle XN2 ligand to coordinate to much smaller aluminum(III). Neutral 1a proved to be highly active for both intra- and intermolecular hydroamination with various substrates, yielding Markovnikov products in the intermolecular hydroamination reactions with 1-octene.
Windows® 7 Resource Kit (2009)

This official Microsoft Resource Kit delivers in-depth technical guidance from those who know the technology bestMicrosoft MVPs and the Windows 7 team. Covers new features, deployment, administration, security, and other essential topics. Windows 7 Keyboard Shortcuts Windows 7 Upgrade Paths: PowerShell Comparison Operators: Windows PowerShell has special comparison operators. One thing that might help is to realize that main operators are two letters long. (Case-sensitive operators all begin with the letter c, such as ceq for case-sensitive equals. You can type Get-Help about operators for more information).
Effect of a nociceptive trigeminal inhibitory splint on electromyographic activity in jaw closing muscles during sleep (2007)

The nociceptive trigeminal inhibitory (NTI) splint has been claimed to decrease the electromyographic (EMG) activity of jaw-closing muscles and relieve symptoms of various types of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism. The present study was designed to address the question about EMG-changes during sleep. Ten patients (age: 23-39 years) with a self-report of tooth-grinding during sleep were recruited. Patients were examined at baseline and after each treatment period with the use of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. A portable EMG-device was used to record EMG-activity from the masseter muscle during sleep. The patients received two 2-week splint treatments in a randomized cross-over fashion; an NTI splint and a standard flat occlusal splint (OS). EMG data were analysed according to published criteria. Using a 10% of maximum clenching EMG-activity cut-off threshold to determine the number of EMG-events h(-1) of sleep, the NTI splint was associated with a significant reduction (9.2 +/- 3.2 events h(-1)) compared with baseline EMG (19.3 +/- 4.0; anova: P = 0.004, Tukey post hoc: P = 0.006), whereas there were no differences between the OS (16.2 +/- 4.7) and baseline EMG (19.2 +/- 4.1; P = 0.716). There were no effects of either NTI or OS on clinical outcome measures (anovas: P > 0.194). This short-term study indicated a strong inhibitory effect on EMG-activity in jaw closing muscles during sleep of the NTI, but not the OS. However, the EMG-activity was not directly related to clinical outcome. Further studies will be needed to determine long-term effects and possible side effects of the NTI splint.
Vers une strategie de developpement integre (1999)

The overall performance of World Bank operations has improved over the 1990s, despite major increases in project demandingness and complexity and a challenging global environment, according to Operations Evaluation Department's (OED) 1999 Annual Review of Development Effectiveness (ARDE). However, the review warns that further gains may be more difficult to obtain: growth prospects have dimmed for developing countries. The 1999 ARDE examines development experience through the lens of the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF), a strategy launched by the President of the World Bank to respond to the challenge of poverty reduction.
Optical coherence and Doppler tomography for monitoring tissue changes induced by laser thermal therapy—An <i>in vivo</i> feasibility study (2003)

A high-speed optical coherence and Doppler tomography system suitable for real-time monitoring of the microstructural and microvascular tissue changes induced by laser thermal therapy is described. The performance of the system is demonstrated experimentally in vivo by noting the morphological change, manifest as an increase in the optical extinction coefficient, and the reduction in the blood flow during and after laser thermal therapy in an animal model.
The Murine Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Homolog, m131/129, Is a Determinant of Viral Pathogenicity (1999)

Chemokines are important mediators of the early inflammatory response to infection and modify a wide range of host immune responses. Functional homologs of cellular chemokines have been identified in a number of herpesviruses, suggesting that the subversion of the host chemokine response contributes to the pathogenesis of these viruses. Transcriptional and reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) chemokine homolog, m131, was spliced at the 3' end to the adjacent downstream open reading frame, m129, resulting in a predicted product of 31 kDa, which is significantly larger than most known chemokines. The in vivo impact of m131/129 was investigated by comparing the replication of MCMV mutants having m131/129 deleted (Deltam131/129) with that of wild-type (wt) MCMV. Our studies demonstrate that both wt and Deltam131/129 viruses replicated to equivalent levels during the first 2 to 3 days following in vivo infection. However, histological studies demonstrated that the early inflammatory response elicited by Deltam131/129 was reduced compared with that of wt MCMV. Furthermore, the Deltam131/129 mutants failed to establish a high-titer infection in the salivary glands. These results suggest that m131/129 possesses proinflammatory properties in vivo and is important for the dissemination of MCMV to or infection of the salivary gland. Notably, the Deltam131/129 mutants were cleared more rapidly from the spleen and liver during acute infection compared with wt MCMV. The accelerated clearance of the mutants was dependent on NK cells and cells of the CD4(+) CD8(+) phenotype. These data suggest that m131/129 may also contribute to virus mechanisms of immune system evasion during early infection, possibly through the interference of NK cells and T cells.
Welche Kompetenzen der Manager von morgen braucht (1993)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778) umschrieb den Zustand seiner damaligen Welt mit den Worten: „Alles auf der Erde unterliegt einem ständigen Wandel. Nichts darf eine dauerhafte Form annehmen. Alles um uns herum verändert sich.“
Tris(2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl)borane: An Efficient Hydroboration Catalyst (2017)

The metal-free catalyst tris(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)borane has demonstrated its extensive applications in the 1,2-hydroboration of numerous unsaturated reagents, namely alkynes, aldehydes and imines, consisting of a wide array of electron-withdrawing and donating functionalities. A range of over 50 borylated products are reported, with many reactions proceeding with low catalyst loading under ambient conditions. These pinacol boronate esters, in the case of aldehydes and imines, can be readily hydrolyzed to leave the respective alcohol and amine, whereas alkynyl substrates result in vinyl boranes. This is of great synthetic use to the organic chemist.