gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3234: Development of potent and selective antibody-drug conjugates with pyrrole-based KSP inhibitors as novel payload class (2017)

Abstract The number of cytotoxic payload classes with different modes-of-action which have been successfully employed in antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) is still rather limited. So far, only ADCs with microtubule inhibitors, DNA binding payloads or topoisomerase I inhibitors have been advanced into clinical testing. To this end, the identification of ADC payload classes with a novel mode of action will increase therapeutic options and potentially help to overcome resistance. Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5) have generated interest due to their high antitumor potency. However, transferring the preclinical potency of small molecule KSP inhibitors (KSPis) into highly efficient clinical regimens with a sufficient therapeutic window has remained challenging. We have investigated a new pyrrole subclass of KSPis which showed subnanomolar potency against a large panel of tumor cell lines for their utility as a novel payload class in ADCs. Towards this goal different attachment sites for linkers have been explored in the KSPi molecule which were found compatible with cleavable and/or non-cleavable linkers. Subnanomolar potency and selectivity of ADCs with antibodies targeting either HER2, EGFR or TWEAKR could be demonstrated in vitro. For selected ADCs, the intracellular trafficking and metabolite formation was investigated and KSP inhibition was confirmed as the ADC mode of action. Depending on the linker composition differential profiles of the ADC metabolites with regard to efflux, cellular permeation, and bystander effect have been achieved. Moreover, specific accumulation in the tumor versus other tissues was demonstrated in biodistribution studies in vivo. In conclusion, KSP inhibitors have been established as a versatile new payload class for the generation of highly potent and selective ADCs. Citation Format: Hans-Georg Lerchen, Sven Wittrock, Nils Griebenow, Mario Lobell, Anne-Sophie Rebstock, Yolanda Cancho-Grande, Beatrix Stelte-Ludwig, Christoph Mahlert, Simone Greven, Anette Sommer, Sandra Berndt, Carsten Terjung, Heiner Apeler, Bertolt Kreft, Rolf Jautelat. Development of potent and selective antibody-drug conjugates with pyrrole-based KSP inhibitors as novel payload class [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3234
Resource Allocation and Performance Study for LTE Networks Integrated with Femtocells (2010)

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks comprising conventional cellular macrocells plus user-installed femtocells offer an economically viable solution to achieving high user capacity and upgrading to future fourth-generation systems. With the growing impetus for frequency reuse, the capacity of each user depends on not only the power spectral density of its own, but also on those of others in neighboring cells. Mitigating interference among macrocells and femtocells requires allocating physical resource dynamically in response to channel conditions. In this paper, we formulate the resource allocation problem as a utility optimization and develop a distributed algorithm for joint power control and user scheduling. The algorithm makes novel use of a class of fairness measures for determining user scheduling and is shown to be very efficient for realistic network parameters. Additionally, using a practical model for the LTE air interface that captures geographic distribution of users and buildings, we provide for a framework that allows comparison of different resource allocation algorithms. A variety of problem formulations, including femtocell density, resource tradeoff, and complexity-optimality tradeoff are derived and analyzed using a geometry-based stochastic LTE air interface model. Our analysis also offers useful guidelines for the planning and design of macrocells and femtocells.
Fly-by-Logic: Control of Multi-Drone Fleets with Temporal Logic Objectives (2018)

The problem of safe planning and control for multi-drone systems across a variety of missions is of critical importance, as the scope of tasks assigned to such systems increases. In this paper, we present an approach to solve this problem for multi-quadrotor missions. Given a mission expressed in Signal Temporal Logic (STL), our controller maximizes robustness to generate trajectories for the quadrotors that satisfy the STL specification in continuous-time. We also show that the constraints on our optimization guarantees that these trajectories can be tracked nearly perfectly by lower level off-the-shelf position and attitude controllers. Our approach avoids the oversimplifying abstractions found in many planning methods, while retaining the expressiveness of missions encoded in STL allowing us to handle complex spatial, temporal and reactive requirements. Through experiments, both in simulation and on actual quadrotors, we show the performance, scalability and real-time applicability of our method.
Operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers at 164 K in pulsed mode and at 117 K in continuous-wave mode (2005)

We report the demonstration of a terahertz quantum-cascade laser that operates up to 164 K in pulsed mode and 117 K in continuous-wave mode at approximately 3.0 THz. The active region was based on a resonant-phonon depopulation scheme and a metal-metal waveguide was used for modal confinement. Copper to copper thermocompression wafer bonding was used to fabricate the waveguide, which displayed improved thermal properties compared to a previous indium-gold bonding method.
Synthesis of polymers with pendant spiro orthoester groups (1994)

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis of polymers having spiro orthoester side groups, starting from lactones with methacrylate side groups. The spiro orthoester polymers are synthesized by a reaction with an oxirane. The hydroxy‐functional lactones 3‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxotetrahydrofuran ( 1 ) and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐oxotetrahydrofuran ( 13 ) were esterificated with methacryloyl chloride. The esterification of 5‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylic acid ( 6 ) and 2,2‐dimethyl‐5‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐3‐carboxylic acid ( 11 ) with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate yielded the functionalized precursors for the synthesis of polymeric spiro orthoesters. These monomers were polymerized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and characterized. Furtheron, the obtained polymers with lactone groups were converted to the corresponding spiro orthoesters using 2,3‐epoxypropyl phenyl ether in the presence of boron trifluoride.
Identification of Candidate Genes for Rituximab Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Microarray Expression Profiling in Blood Cells (2009)

The present study is the first gene expression microarray analysis reporting on biomarkers of the clinical response to rituximab in RA in blood cells. Following validation in larger cohorts, the identified genes may serve as biomarkers for treatment choice in RA.
Minimal Stimulation IVF vs Conventional IVF (2016)

Obstet Gynecol Surv 2016;71(4):228–229 Women receiving conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies.
Experimental Study on Power Generation and Dynamical Behavior of the Cantilevered Piezoelectric Beam With the Unilateral Layer Separate (2017)

This paper investigates the complicated dynamic behavior and power generation efficiency of the cantilevered laminated composite piezoelectric beam with the unilateral layer separate. The effect of the external excitation on the voltage output, the impacts of the layered length of composite layers and the influence of the magnetic distance on the voltage output and the effective frequency bandwidth are examined. Simultaneously, the output voltage and the effective frequency bandwidth of the traditional cantilevered laminated composite piezoelectric beam are measured experimentally to verify the developed model. The amplitude of the harmonic excitation is given the certain value and is not changed. Experimental results show that the developed structure has lower natural frequency, great voltage output and great effective frequency bandwidth when the length of the separate parts between composite layers is in the range. For the different layered lengths of the developed bistable piezoelectric beam, there exist the optimal magnetic distance and an optimal layered length, respectively. The power generation efficiency of the developed bistable piezoelectric beam is better than that of the developed monostable piezoelectric beam. When the layered length of the separate parts between composite layers is optimal, the voltage output of the piezoelectric beam has four peak voltages. In addition, the power generation efficiency of the developed structure are superior to that of the traditional one. The maximum peak voltage of this structure is 6.73 times than that of the traditional piezoelectric beam, and its effective frequency bandwidth promotes 8.4 times.
Long-term performance of segmented benthic microbial fuel cells (2015)

Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are a class of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) that are an emerging technology under development for applications of persistent ocean monitoring. BMFCs function via anaerobic bacteria metabolizing organic matter in sediment and providing electrons to buried anodes. These anodes are electrically connected via an external circuit to an aerobic cathode positioned in the water column. Previous projects by this same group involved large-scale deployments that demonstrated deployment of BMFC systems via a boat-towed sled. These long carpet like anodes (termed “Magic Carpet”) have been shown to generate power densities of 5–10 mW m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> in systems ranging from 10–40 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> systems. A major challenge in the field remains scaling up these systems to generate practical levels of power. This paper evaluates two iterations of segmented 20 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Magic Carpet BMFC systems and compares their long-term performance.
<title>Independent tube verification and dynamic tracking in eddy current inspection of nuclear steam generators</title> (2000)

A system, called Independent Tube Verification System (GENESIS ITVS(superscript TM)), was developed by ABB based on a Cognex MVS-8200 vision processor and its application function package. The system employs a model-based tube-shape detection algorithm and dynamic tracking methodology to detect the true tool position and its offsets from the identified tube location. GENESIS ITVS(superscript TM) works independent of the robot position, velocity, or acceleration. The tube position information is solely obtained from the actual images. The direction of motion and orientation of the robot can be predicted through the second-order dynamic tracking algorithm. The absolute coordinates of the tube can be determined through an accumulation of the image coordinates.
A novel fiber-laser-based sensor network with self-healing function (2003)

We present a novel fiber-laser-based sensor network with self-healing function and demonstrate its effectiveness. The network survivability and capacity for a multipoint sensor system are enhanced by adding switches in a self-healing ring architecture. The fiber laser adopted in this system is a linear-cavity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) laser leading to the signal-to-noise ratio over 52 dB for the sensor network. The network survivability of a ten-point FBG sensor is experimentally examined. The experimental results show that the proposed system can facilitate reliable sensing networks for a large-scale and multipoint smart structure.
Remarkable enhancement of 254‐280 nm deep ultraviolet emission from AlGaN quantum wells by using high‐quality AlN buffer on sapphire (2008)

Abstract We observed remarkable enhancement of 254‐280 nm deep ultraviolet (UV) emission from AlGaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) by using low threading dislocation density (TDD) AlN templates on sapphire substrates. High‐quality AlN templates were fabricated using ammonia pulse‐flow multi‐layer (ML) AlN growth technique by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of AlGaN‐QW with emission wavelength of 280 nm was increased by approximately 30 times by reducing the full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of X‐ray diffraction (102) ω‐scan rocking curve (XRC) of AlGaN buffer on ML‐AlN from 1214 to 488 arcsec. We obtained similar emission enhancement for AlGaN QWs with emission wavelengths of 254, 260 and 270 nm. We found that PL intensity of the QWs were rapidly increased when FWHM of XRC (102) is reduced as narrow as 800‐1000 arcsec. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of a multibeam column with a single-electron source (2007)

A novel single-column multi-electron-beam system, called a beam-split array, has been developed for a high-resolution, high-throughput lithography tool. In this system, a single electron beam is divided into 1024 beams by a multisource module (MSM) composed of an aperture array (a beam-dividing aperture), a static lens array (Einzel lenses for each divided beam), and a blanker array (BLA, blanking electrode pairs for each focused beam). The MSM is used to form multiple intermediate images of the electron source at the BLA. These images are demagnified to form final images through a projection optics consisting of a double lens doublet with a blanking aperture and deflector. To align the multiple beam paths in the MSM, aligners between these arrays are used, and the aligner conditions are determined by monitoring the blanking-aperture image. Moreover, because each beam current is about 0.1% of the total beam current on the specimen, a high-contrast transmission detection method is used to detect the electrons at the final image plane. As a result, 1024 point beams are successfully formed. In the final image, the measured beam size is less than 55nm, and the displacement due to distortion is less than 56nm, even on the off-axial beams. In addition, individual beam blanking by BLA is verified, and cross-talk at the BLA is confirmed to be negligible at present accuracy. Moreover, 65nm patterns can be simultaneously delineated by near- and off-axial beams. These results verify the concept of their single-column multibeam formation and indicate that this optics can be applied to lithography for manufacturing on semiconductor devices.
Multiple electron beam maskless lithography for high-volume manufacturing (2009)

Based on the maturing MEMS capabilities and electronics technologies, the cost effective high-throughput MEBML2, at ≫100 WPH and footprint similar to an optical scanner, can be realized. Resolution, proximity correction, wafer heating and data rate shall not be problems for 5 keV at such high throughput. Another big advantage of focusing on MEBML2 as the lithography solution for 32-nm HP node and beyond is that it only needs investments on developing this tool. Unlike EUV and double patterning, which need enormous investments on the mask infrastructure and process development, besides just the cost of the lithography tool. However, the success of the MEBML2 technology still requires enormous industrial support and investments, which may happen only when it is commonly viewed as one of the mainstream technologies for high-volume manufacturing. To catch up manufacturing of the 32-nm HP node, the clustered platform has to be ready by 2012, which needs big platform suppliers' involvement very soon.
Development of a Model Osseo-Magnetic Link for Intuitive Rotational Control of Upper-Limb Prostheses (2011)

The lack of proprioceptive feedback is a serious deficiency of current prosthetic control systems. The Osseo-Magnetic Link (OML) is a novel humeral or wrist rotation control system that could preserve proprioception. It utilizes a magnet implanted within the residual bone and sensors mounted in the prosthetic socket to detect magnetic field vectors and determine the bone's orientation. This allows the use of volitional bone rotation to control a prosthetic rotator. We evaluated the performance of the OML using a physical model of a transhumeral residual limb. A small Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnet was placed in a model humerus, inside a model upper arm. Four three-axis Hall-effect sensors were mounted on a ring 3 cm distal to the magnet. An optimization algorithm based on Newton's method determined the position and orientation of the magnet within the model humerus under various conditions, including bone translations, interference, and magnet misalignment. The orientation of the model humerus was determined within 3° for rotations centered in the arm; an additional 6° error was found for translations 20 mm from center. Adjustments in sensor placement may reduce these errors. The results demonstrate that the OML is a feasible solution for providing prosthesis rotation control while preserving rotational proprioception.
Byzantine Fault Tolerance in Long-Lived Systems (2004)

Byzantine fault tolerance comprises a set of techniques for building fault-tolerant systems where no assumptions are made about the behavior of faulty nodes. This makes Byzantine-fault-tolerant systems particularly attractive as
Feasibility of non-invasive determination of the stability of propagation reserve in patients (2012)

This study investigates the feasibility of using surface ECG recordings to assess stability of cardiac propagation. Our novel method customizes a reaction-diffusion model of cardiac excitation using measurements of patient's repolarization dynamics. The customized model determines the stability-of-propagation reserve (SoPR) that measures the proximity of the patient's minimum level of refractoriness to the critical level associated with conduction instability. Using measurements from 15 patients, we compared SoPRs determined from the unipolar intracardiac electrograms and from the surface ECG leads. SoPRs computed from intracardiac and surface measurements correlated, and a formula was developed that estimated the intracardiac SoPR from surface measurements with 5% accuracy. Thus, this study may lead to new noninvasive tests for the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Efficient spoken term detection using confusion networks (2014)

In this paper, we present a fast, vocabulary independent algorithm for spoken term detection (STD) that demonstrates a word-based index is sufficient to achieve good performance for both in-vocabulary (IV) and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms. Previous approaches have required that a separate index be built at the sub-word level and then expanded to allow for matching OOV terms. Such a process, while accurate, is expensive in both time and memory. In the proposed architecture, a word-level confusion network (CN) based index is used for both IV and OOV search. This is implemented using a flexible WFST framework. Comparisons on 3 Babel languages (Tagalog, Pashto and Turkish) show that CN-based indexing results in better performance compared with the lattice approach while being orders of magnitude faster and having a much smaller footprint.
Reconstruction and visualization of 3D models of colonic surface (1997)

Presents an innovative technology called 3D virtual colonoscopy, which incorporates several advanced visualization techniques to enable the physician to virtually examine the inner surface of the entire colon for identifying and inspecting colonic polyps. The authors first describe their unique process of acquiring and reconstructing a patient's colon model, followed by the novel visualization algorithms that they have developed to provide automatic planned navigations as well as interactive guided navigations inside the colon. Finally, the authors present their experimental results on a simulated pipe phantom, the Visible Human data set, and patient data.
Capsid Mutated Adeno-Associated Virus Delivered to the Anterior Chamber Results in Efficient Transduction of Trabecular Meshwork in Mouse and Rat (2015)

This is the first study to semi quantitatively evaluate transduction of anterior segment tissues following injection of capsid-mutated AAV vectors. scAAV2- based vectors transduced corneal endothelium, ciliary NPE, iris and trabecular meshwork more effectively than scAAV8-based vectors. Mutagenesis of surface-exposed tyrosine residues greatly enhanced transduction efficiency of scAAV2 in these tissues. The number of Y-F mutations was not directly proportional to transduction efficiency, however, suggesting that proteosomal avoidance alone may not be sufficient. These results are applicable to the development of targeted, gene-based strategies to investigate pathological processes of the anterior segment and may be applied toward the development of gene-based therapies for glaucoma and acquired or inherited corneal anomalies.
Enhancement of Wound Healing with Dietary Ketosis: in vivo and in vitro Experiments (2015)

Chronic wounds create a substantial burden to patients and health care professionals, affecting 1.8 million new patients per year and costing $25 billion annually. The majority of chronic wounds occur in the elderly. Key features associated with age-related impairment of wound healing include limited energy and nutrient exchange, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished blood flow. Ketone bodies, including β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB), are naturally occurring energy substrates. We previously reported that oral ketone supplementation without dietary restriction enhanced wound closure and increased blood flow in young and aged Fisher rats. We hypothesized that improved wound closure was due to a ketone-induced favorable shift in metabolic parameters and a decrease in ROS production. Following a 28-day administration of oral ketone supplements in young rats, serum was analyzed by Metabolon using GC/MS. Ketone supplementation significantly increased TCA cycle intermediates, antioxidants carnosine an...
A High-Efficiency Megawatt-Class Nonrelativistic Magnetron (2012)

Numerical simulations of a prototype conventional magnetron capable of an RF output power exceeding 1.3 MW at peak efficiency greater than 87% for relatively low diode voltages of ~ 40 kV are presented. Virtual prototyping of the magnetron design is carried out on massively parallel architecture utilizing the 3-D improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. Simulations demonstrate that the magnetron is capable of stable and robust oscillations in the π mode at saturation with negligible mode competition at 912 MHz over a range of magnetic fields extending from B = 0.18 T to B = 0.275 T and voltages ranging from 37-56 kV. RF Output power ranged from 400 kW-1.5 MW over these voltages with efficiencies typically above 85%. Oscillations in the π mode follow the Buneman-Hartree resonance curve for all magnetic fields sampled with a window of π-mode oscillations typically extending over 6 kV. Electron back bombardment of the cathode as well as collisions with the slow wave structure acted as major loss mechanisms.