gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearized ray-trace analysis (1991)

A new, coordinate-free version of the exact ray-trace equations for optical systems consisting of conic reflecting, refracting and reference surfaces is presented. These equations are differentiated to obtain closed-form optical sensitivity dyadics. For computation, the sensitivities are evaluated in a single global coordinate frame and combined in linearized ray-trace matrix difference equations that propagate the rays and the sensitivities from element to element. One purpose of this analysis is to create optical models that can be directly integrated with models of the instrument structure and control systems for dynamic simulation.
Unstable QT Interval Dynamics Precedes Ventricular Tachycardia Onset in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2011)

Increased PA frequency and QTI dynamics instability precede VT onset in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as determined by novel methodology for detecting instability in QTI dynamics from clinical ECGs.
High level transactivation by a modified <i>Bombyx</i> ecdysone receptor in mammalian cells without exogenous retinoid X receptor (1998)

Our studies of the Bombyx mori ecdysone receptor (BE) revealed that, unlike the Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone receptor (DE), treatment of BE with the ecdysone agonist tebufenozide stimulated high level transactivation in mammalian cells without adding an exogenous heterodimer partner. Gel mobility shift and transfection assays with both the ultraspiracle gene product (Usp) and retinoid X receptor heterodimer partners indicated that this property of BE stems from significantly augmented heterodimer complex formation and concomitant DNA binding. We have mapped this "gain of function" to determinants within the D and E domains of BE and demonstrated that, although the D domain determinant is sufficient for high affinity heterodimerization with Usp, both determinants are necessary for high affinity interaction with retinoid X receptor. Modified BE receptors alone used as replication-defective retroviruses potently stimulated separate "reporter" viruses in all cell types examined, suggesting that BE has potentially broad utility in the modulation of transgene expression in mammalian cells.
High-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on CsTiOAsO_4 (1994)

A high-repetition-rate Ti:sapphire-pumped optical parametric oscillator based on the new nonlinear optical crystal CsTiOAsO(4) is described. The operation of this optical parametric oscillator is characterized for a 90 degrees -cut crystal by use of a type II interaction. Tuning from 1.46 to 1.74 microm is demonstrated, and there is the potential for tuning from 0.9 to 5 microm with angle tuning. Powers of 100 mW in the signal and the idler branches are obtained. Pulse widths as short as 64 fs are generated with and without prisms in the cavity.
Quick Estimation of Data Compression and De-duplication for Large Storage Systems (2011)

Many new storage systems provide some form of data reduction. In a recent paper we investigate how compression and de-duplication can be mixed in primary storage systems serving active data. In this paper we try to answer the question someone would ask before upgrading to a new, data reduction enabled storage server: how much storage savings the new system would offer for the data I have stored right now? We investigate methods to quickly estimate the storage savings potential of customary data reduction methods used in storage systems: compression and full file de-duplication on large scale storage systems. We show that the compression ratio achievable on a large storage system can be precisely estimated with just couple percents (worst case) of the work required to compress each file in the system. Also, we show that full file duplicates can be discovered very quickly with only 4% error (worst case) by a robust heuristic.
Analysis of the Human Ia Antigens by Gene Cloning (1983)

We have constructed a cDNA library from mRNA derived from membrane-bound polyribosomes from a B cell line and have identified a subset of clones containing B cell-specific sequences. One of the clones in this subset, pDRα-1, which encodes the entire a chain of the HLA-DR antigen, was isolated with a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe and identified by DNA sequence analysis (1). Using the technique of genomic blotting with DNA derived from a somatic cell variant (6.3.6) which contains a small deletion on chromosome 6 (2), we have mapped genomic restriction fragments complementary to the pDRα-1 probe to the region defined by the 6.3.6 deletion. Using DNA from an HLA-typed family, we have demonstrated cosegregation of a polymorphic restriction fragment with a unique parental HLA haplotype. These genomic blot studies indicate that the HLA-DR α gene is a single copy locus. In addition, we have identified a number of cDNA clones, related to but distinct from the pDRα-1 clone, suggesting that there are at least three, and possibly several more, genes encoding DRα-related chains. Finally, we have identified cDNA clones which encode a product which co-migrates in 2D gels with the Ii polypeptide associated with HLA DR immunoprecipitates.
Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning and expression of a novel ketoreductase from <i>Zygosaccharomyces rouxii</i> (2000)

A novel ketoreductase isolated from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii catalyzes the asymmetric reduction of selected ketone substrates of commercial importance. The 37.8-kDa ketoreductase was purified more than 300-fold to > 95% homogeneity from whole cells with a 30% activity yield. The ketoreductase functions as a monomer with an apparent Km for 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl acetone of 2.9 mM and a Km for NADPH of 23.5 microM. The enzyme is able to effectively reduce alpha-ketolactones, alpha-ketolactams, and diketones. Inhibition is observed in the presence of diethyl pyrocarbonate, suggesting that a histidine is crucial for catalysis. The 1.0-kb ketoreductase gene was cloned and sequenced from a Z. rouxii cDNA library using a degenerate primer to the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein. Furthermore, it was expressed in both Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris and shown to be active. Substrate specificity, lack of a catalytic metal, and extent of protein sequence identity to known reductases suggests that the enzyme falls into the carbonyl reductase enzyme class.
Video Super Resolution Based on Deep Convolution Neural Network With Two-Stage Motion Compensation (2018)

In this paper, we propose methodologies to train highly accurate deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for video super resolution (SR). To use the inter-frame characteristic, we introduce a video SR network based on two-stage motion compensation (VSR-TMC). Firstly, the low resolution (LR) frames are aligned by the LR optical flow, and fed into a 3D-convolution network for spatial super resolution. This 3D-conv network generates the intermediate high resolution (HR) frames based on the aligned LR frames. The HR optical flow between the intermediate HR frames is further utilized to refine these HR frames as the final output. This HR optical flow could be estimated either from intermediate HR frames, or by a proposed super resolution network specifically working in the optical flow domain. Such optical flow SR network allows us to get the HR optical flow directly from the LR optical flow, which is more efficient compared to calculating HR optical flow from HR frames. Experimental results on publicly available dataset demonstrate that the VSR-TMC is significantly better compared to single image SR networks and video SR networks with LR motion compensation only. It achieves the state-of-the-art performance.
Serological survey of normal humans for natural antibody to cell surface antigens of melanoma. (1980)

Sera of 106 normal adult men were tested for antibodies reacting with cell surface antigens of three established lines of cultured malignant melanoma. Positive reactions with a protein A assay for IgG antibodies were extremely rare (1-2%). The frequency of positive reactions with assays for IgM antibodies was higher: 5-15% in immune adherence assays and 55-82% in anti-C3 mixed hemadsorption assays. After low-titered sera and sera reacting with fetal calf serum components, conventional alloantigens, and widely distributed class 3 antigens were excluded, sera from seven individuals (one with IgG antibody and six with IgM antibodies) were selected for detailed analysis. The serum containing the IgG antibody came from a healthy 65-year-old Caucasian man; titers of antibody in his serum ranged from < 1/10 to 1/40,000 in tests with different melanoma cell lines. This IgG antibody identifies a differentiation antigen of melanocytes, provisionally designated Mel 1, that distinguishes two classes of melanomas: 22 melanoma cell lines typed Mel 1+ and 17 types Mel 1-. Mel 1 is expressed by fetal fibroblasts but not adult fibroblasts and can be found on a proportion of cultured epithelial cancer cell lines (5 out of 23) but not on glioma or B-cell lines. The melanoma antigens detected by the naturally occurring IgM antibodies are serologically unrelated to Mel 1 but, like Mel 1, appear to be differentiation antigens that distinguish subsets of melanoma. These IgM antibodies detect antigens that are identical or closely related to the AH antigen, a melanoma surface antigen that was initially defined by autologous antibody in a patient with melanoma. In view of the immunogenicity of both Mel 1 and the AH antigens in humans and their occurrence on more than 50% of melanomas, it remains to be seen whether antibody to these antigens can be elicited by specific vaccination of seronegative melanoma patients and whether this will have an influence on the clinical course of the disease.
Prognostic significance of new glioma marker, laminin-411, and its inhibition by targeted nanobiopolymer in vivo. (2011)

e13008 Background: Increased expression of α4 and β1 chain-containing vascular protein laminin-411 (α4β1γ1) correlated with tumor invasion and progression and was associated with glioma patients’ poor prognosis and survival. Therefore, laminin-411 may be a promising target for glioma diagnosis and treatment. Methods: 1. A clinical trial for laminin-411 vs. a normal laminin-421 is underway at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for evaluating laminin-411 overexpression in gliomas. The clinical material used comprises 194 primary gliomas: 106 glioblastomas multiforme, 28 anaplastic astrocytoma, 7 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, 20 astrocytoma grade II, 19 oligodendroglioma grade II, 4 ependymomas grade I-II, pilocystic astrocytoma I-II, 4 microglial activation tissues. 2. Targeted nanobiopolymer for angiogenesis inhibition of gliomas was synthesized for systemic treatment in vivo. The drug is based on polymalic acid for efficient and specific delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies. The mechanism of PMLA nanoconjugate tumor delivery through blood tumor barrier was studied. Results: New tumor vascular marker, laminin-411, was overexpressed in 75% of patients with glioblastoma, 14% anaplastic astrocytoma, 28% of 7 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas. Low-grade glial tumors and non-tumor glial tissues did not overexpress laminin-411, but predominantly expressed laminin-421 (α4β2γ1). Systemic treatment of mice bearing intracranial U87MG glioma with nanobioconjugate resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth 4 mm3 compared to 47 mm3 in saline-treated control group, p<0.001). On immunostained tumor sections, the signal for laminin-411 chains diminished after treatment with nanobioconjugate and morphometric analysis showed significant decrease in the tumor vascular area. Conclusions: Laminiin-411 appears to be a marker of high-grade gliomas. 2. Biodegradable, nontoxic and nonimmunogenic delivery system was designed for systemic treatment of brain tumors. The new nanomedicine drug was able to increase brain tumor bearing animal survival and decrease tumor size 10 fold by inhibiting laminin-411, a structural component of newly formed tumor vessels.
New Descriptors of Homogeneity of the Propagation of Ventricular Repolarization (2000)

Available descriptors of irregularities of ventricular repolarization are of limited clinical value. We studied the effect of autonomic variations on several new descriptors of the three-dimensional T loop. Twelve-lead digital ECGs were recorded continuously in 40 healthy subjects at baseline in the supine position, during postural changes (supine-->sitting-->standing-->supine-->standing), and during Valsalva maneuver performed three times in the supine and three times in the standing positions. A minimum dimensional space was constructed from the 12-lead ECG, using singular value decomposition, on the basis of median ECG beats constructed from 10-second consecutive ECG recordings. Temporal variations (TLA and PL, which measure the T loop area, and LD, the interlead relationship during repolarization) and wavefront direction descriptors (TCRT, the deviation between the QRS and T vectors) were calculated and expressed as normalized values. Values of TLA, PL, and TCRT were significantly lower in the sitting than in the supine position (-38,139 +/- 9099 vs 47,133 +/- 7511, -0.017 +/- 0.005 vs 0.033 +/- 0.005 and -0.032 +/- 0.019 vs 0.071 +/- 0.015, respectively, P < 0.001 for all) and decreased further in the standing position (-88,288 +/- 14,468, -0.067 +/- 0.013, -0.198 +/- 0.025, respectively, P < 0.001 for all). LD increased from supine to sitting (98.7 +/- 29.4 vs -87.5 +/- 15.2, P < 0.001) and increased further, though nonsignificantly in the standing position (118.3 +/- 35.2). TLA, PL, and TCRT decreased from baseline during Valsalva in the supine (-34,118 +/- 11,424 vs 62,234 +/- 12,215, -0.038 +/- 0.014 vs 0.065 +/- 0.010, -0.08 +/- 0.03 vs 0.10 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.001 for all) and standing positions (-108,263 +/- 21,051 vs -68,909 +/- 10,271, -0.109 +/- 0.014 vs -0.048 +/- 0.009, -0.30 +/- 0.035 vs -015 +/- 0.016, respectively, P < 0.05 for all). LD was significantly increased by Valsalva in the supine position (13 +/- 46 vs -153 +/- 30, P < 0.001) and nonsignificantly in the standing position (99 +/- 50 vs 86 +/- 30, P = NS). There were significant correlations among TLA, PL, and LD, and no significant correlation between TCRT and any of the temporal variation descriptors. These new temporal and wavefront direction descriptors are sensitive and rapid detectors of autonomic effects on ventricular repolarization.
Simple and Low-Cost Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices for Tractor-Trailer Trucks (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Three simple, low cost aerodynamic drag reduction devices have been developed for application to the trailer of a tractor-trailer truck. The three devices have undergone extensive operational testing where they have amassed over 85,000 miles of use. These technologies have shown a combined fuel savings of 10% at an average speed of 47.5 mph. This improvement in fuel economy correlates to an equivalent drag reduction of approximately 30% with a corresponding drag coefficient of 0.45. Observations and anecdotal evidence from the test activity have shown that the addition of these devices to the trailers has not had a negative impact on either the operational utility of the trailers or the maintenance procedures and requirements.</div>
Alpha contamination monitoring of surfaces, objects, and enclosed areas (1993)

The usefulness of traditional alpha detectors for contamination monitoring is limited by the size and sensitivity of the detectors and by the short range of alpha particles in air. The long-range alpha detector (LRAD) detects the ions produced by the alpha particles passing through air, rather than the alpha particles themselves, limiting LRAD detection by the range of the ions (tens of meters), rather than the range of the alpha particles (a few centimeters). Since the LRAD collects all ions simultaneously, an LRAD monitor is sensitive to all of the sources of contamination contained within it. The electronic noise within the LRAD can be reduced so that better sensitivity than traditional detectors is also possible. These advantages are used in the object, pipe, and duct, floor, and soil surface monitors discussed. The design of these monitors and field test results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modelling and characterization of circular microplate electrostatic actuators for micropump applications (2015)

In the last decades, an increasing interest is being directed towards micropumps, the main component of active microfluidic systems. A current research aim is to pursue compact dimensions and low power consumption; a viable alternative is to exploit MEMS manufacturing techniques. This work presents the modelling and the characterization of microplate electrostatic actuators for micropump applications. A one degree-of-freedom model is proposed to describe deformable plate electro-mechanics. The well-established ThELMA technique (STMicroelectronics) is adopted to manufacture the actuator prototypes. The effective plate flexural stiffness is extracted from pull-in tests on a series of plate actuators. The structural model is calibrated accordingly and successfully used to describe the electromechanical response of actuators where an annular electrode is introduced in order to obtain a higher actuator stroke.
Central nervous system cell transplantation (1996)

Many methods of gene transfer to the brain are under study. One employs a neural stem cell based strategy. Transplanting neural progenitor cells that intrinsically secrete missing or therapeutic gene products, or are genetically engineered ex vivo to do so, may provide a strategy for long-term treatment of central nervous system manifestations of a number of neurogenetic diseases. Multipotent neural progenitors or stem cells (or cells that mimic their behavior) are capable of differentiating along multiple central nervous system cell-type lineages. They can engraft as integral members of normal structures throughout the host central nervous system without disturbing other neurobiological processes. They can also be easily genetically manipulated ex vivo. By exploiting their basic biological properties, these cells may be able to deliver therapeutic gene products in a sustained, direct, and perhaps regulated fashion throughout the central nervous system. Furthermore, although they may disseminate these gene products throughout the brain, they nevertheless restrict that distribution to only the central nervous system. Thus, these vehicles may overcome many of the limitations of viral and non-neural cellular vectors, as well as pharmacologic and genetic interventions. The feasibility of this neural stem cell-based strategy has been demonstrated by correcting the widespread central nervous system pathology of a murine model of a prototypical inherited neurodegenerative disease, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. These studies have helped to establish the use of such cells as a paradigm for transferring other molecules of therapeutic or developmental interest throughout the central nervous system at many ages.
Suppressing the azimuth ambiguities in synthetic aperture radar images (1993)

A method for removing the azimuth ambiguities from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed. The basic idea is to generate a two-dimensional reference function for SAR processing which provides, in addition to the matched filtering for the unaliased part of the received signal, the deconvolution of the azimuth ambiguities. This approach corresponds to an ideal filter concept, where an ideal impulse response function is obtained even in the presence of several phase and amplitude errors. Modeling the sampled azimuth signal shows that the absolute phase value of the ambiguities cannot easily be determined due to their undersampling. The concept of the ideal filter is then extended to accommodate the undefined phase of the ambiguities and also the fading of the azimuth signal. Raw data from the E-SAR system have been used to verify the improvement in image quality obtained by the new method. It has a substantial advantage in enabling the pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) constraints in the SAR system design to be relaxed and also for improving SAR image quality and interpretation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shc proteins are strong, independent prognostic markers for both node-negative and node-positive primary breast cancer. (2003)

Activated Shc signaling proteins are implicated in many pathways associated with aggressive disease, and many breast cancer cell lines derived from highly aggressive tumors contain high levels of activated, tyrosine phosphorylated (PY)-Shc (the M(r) 46000 and M(r) 52000 isoforms) relative to levels of an inhibitory M(r) 66000 Shc isoform. It was, therefore, hypothesized that high amounts of PY-Shc relative to the M(r) 66000 Shc isoform would serve as a marker for aggressive neoplasms. Semiquantitative immunohistochemical analyses of PY-Shc and p66 Shc were performed on archival primary breast tumor specimens from 116 women, 17 of whom experienced relapse (6.1 years median follow-up of nonrelapsed patients). Consistent with our hypothesis, staining intensities demonstrated that increased amounts of PY-Shc (P = 0.01) and decreased expression of p66-Shc protein (P = 0.028) correlated with disease recurrence. Modeled as the ratio of PY-Shc to p66 Shc, the Shc ratio correlated strongly with nodal status (P = 0.003), tumor stage (P = 0.0025), and disease stage (P = 0.002) and was 2-fold higher in primary tumors of patients who subsequently relapsed (P < 0.001). Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of relapse-free survival demonstrated the prognostic value of PY-Shc (P = 0.01), p66 Shc (P = 0.04), and the Shc ratio (P = 0.004) as continuous variables, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 10 (P = 0.007) for the Shc ratio. Shc ratio cut points of <0.35 and >0.65 were identified and independently validated to maximize negative predictive value and positive predictive value. Patients with low Shc ratios (n = 36) had a 0.08 HR of relapse (P = 0.007) compared with patients with high Shc ratios, experiencing an 8-year cumulative 2.9% and 55% relapse hazard, respectively, compared with a 22% relapse hazard in the total cohort. The Shc ratio had similar prognostic value for disease-specific survival. In multivariate models, the Shc ratio, both as a continuous variable and as a cut point-categorized variable, was independent of all measured covariates (including nodal status, tumor stage, disease stage, grade, estrogen receptor status, and adjuvant therapy) and was a stronger prognostic marker than all but nodal status. All relapsed node-positive patients had very high Shc ratios (>0.80; P = 0.006) in their primary tumors. Furthermore, the Shc ratio was a strong, independent prognostic indicator in node-negative patients (79 patients, 10 recurrences), with a HR of 0.086 (P = 0.02) that was independent of clinical markers and adjuvant therapy. Patients with low and high Shc ratios experienced a 3.6% and 64% relapse hazard, respectively, compared with 20% in the total node-negative cohort.