gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermochemical study of the hydrolysis of urea by urease (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemical study of the hydrolysis of urea by ureaseNeil D. JespersenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 7, 1662–1667Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00840a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00840a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Src-Tks5 Pathway Is Required for Neural Crest Cell Migration during Embryonic Development (2011)

In the adult organism, cell migration is required for physiological processes such as angiogenesis and immune surveillance, as well as pathological events such as tumor metastasis. The adaptor protein and Src substrate Tks5 is necessary for cancer cell migration through extracellular matrix in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. However, a role for Tks5 during embryonic development, where cell migration is essential, has not been examined. We used morpholinos to reduce Tks5 expression in zebrafish embryos, and observed developmental defects, most prominently in neural crest-derived tissues such as craniofacial structures and pigmentation. The Tks5 morphant phenotype was rescued by expression of mammalian Tks5, but not by a variant of Tks5 in which the Src phosphorylation sites have been mutated. We further evaluated the role of Tks5 in neural crest cells and neural crest-derived tissues and found that loss of Tks5 impaired their ventral migration. Inhibition of Src family kinases also led to abnormal ventral patterning of neural crest cells and their derivatives. We confirmed that these effects were likely to be cell autonomous by shRNA-mediated knockdown of Tks5 in a murine neural crest stem cell line. Tks5 was required for neural crest cell migration in vitro, and both Src and Tks5 were required for the formation of actin-rich structures with similarity to podosomes. Additionally, we observed that neural crest cells formed Src-Tks5-dependent cell protrusions in 3-D culture conditions and in vivo. These results reveal an important and novel role for the Src-Tks5 pathway in neural crest cell migration during embryonic development. Furthermore, our data suggests that this pathway regulates neural crest cell migration through the generation of actin-rich pro-migratory structures, implying that similar mechanisms are used to control cell migration during embryogenesis and cancer metastasis.
Discovery of a Tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1<i>H</i>)-one Derivative (TAK-442) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Factor Xa Inhibitor (2010)

Coagulation enzyme factor Xa (FXa) is a particularly promising target for the development of new anticoagulant agents. We previously reported the imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one derivative 1 as a potent and orally active FXa inhibitor. However, it was found that 1 predominantly undergoes hydrolysis upon incubation with human liver microsomes, and the human specific metabolic pathway made it difficult to predict the human pharmacokinetics. To address this issue, our synthetic efforts were focused on modification of the imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one moiety of the active metabolite 3a, derived from 1, which resulted in the discovery of the tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivative 5k as a highly potent and selective FXa inhibitor. Compound 5k showed no detectable amide bond cleavage in human liver microsomes, exhibited a good pharmacokinetic profile in monkeys, and had a potent antithrombotic efficacy in a rabbit model without prolongation of bleeding time. Compound 5k is currently under clinical development with the code name TAK-442.
Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Meshwork Imaging (2013)

Although the TM measurements were not correlated with age, the TM interface shadow area increased with age. Further study is required to determine whether there is any relationship between the age-related ASOCT findings of the TM interface shadow area and physiologic function.
Depth-Optimal Quantum Circuit Placement for Arbitrary Topologies (2017)

A significant hurdle towards realization of practical and scalable quantum computing is to protect the quantum states from inherent noises during the computation. In physical implementation of quantum circuits, a long-distance interaction between two qubits is undesirable since, it can be interpreted as a noise. Therefore, multiple quantum technologies and quantum error correcting codes strongly require the interacting qubits to be arranged in a nearest neighbor (NN) fashion. The current literature on converting a given quantum circuit to an NN-arranged one mainly considered chained qubit topologies or Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) topology. However, practical quantum circuit realizations, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), may not have an LNN topology. To address this gap, we consider an arbitrary qubit topology. We present an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for achieving minimal logical depth while guaranteeing the nearest neighbor arrangement between the interacting qubits. We substantiate our claim with studies on diverse network topologies and prominent quantum circuit benchmarks.
Prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in cytosols and pellet extracts derived from 892 breast cancer patients (1999)

To evaluate the clinical relevance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its type-1 inhibitor (PAI-1) measured by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we analysed both components in samples derived from 892 patients with primary breast cancer (median follow-up 99 months). The assays were performed in cytosolic extracts as well as in corresponding detergent extracts of pellets obtained after ultracentrifugation, which was carried out when preparing the cytosolic fractions for routine steroid hormone receptor determination. Statistically significant correlations were found between the cytosolic levels and those determined in the pellet extracts (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.60, P < 0.0001 for uPA and r = 0.65, P < 0.0001 for PAI-1). Furthermore, strong correlations were found between the levels of both uPA (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and PAI-1 (r = 0.90, P< 0.0001) in the cytosols and their levels previously measured with ELISAs based on commercial reagents. In both Cox univariate and multivariate analysis, high cytosolic levels of uPA or PAI-1 were significantly associated with increased rates of relapse and death. The levels of uPA and PAI-1 in the pellet extracts also provided prognostic information, although to a lesser extent compared with the cytosolic extracts. The prediction of prognosis on the basis of uPA and PAI-1 assessed by an alternative ELISA once again emphasizes the established prognostic role and usefulness of these parameters in selection of breast cancer patients at high or low risk of recurrence.
Potentiation of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel Contributes to Pruritogenesis in a Rat Model of Liver Disease (2013)

Persistent pruritus is a common disabling dermatologic symptom associated with different etiologic factors. These include primary skin conditions, as well as neuropathic, psychogenic, or systemic disorders like chronic liver disease. Defective clearance of potential pruritogenic substances that activate itch-specific neurons innervating the skin is thought to contribute to cholestatic pruritus. However, because the underlying disease-specific pruritogens and itch-specific neuronal pathways and mechanism(s) are unknown, symptomatic therapeutic intervention often leads to no or only limited success. In the current study, we aimed to first validate rats with bile duct ligation (BDL) as a model for hepatic pruritus and then to evaluate the contribution of inflammation, peripheral neuronal sensitization, and specific signaling pathways and subpopulations of itch-responsive neurons to scratching behavior and thermal hypersensitivity. Chronic BDL rats displayed enhanced scratching behavior and thermal hyperalgesia indicative of peripheral neuroinflammation. BDL-induced itch and hypersensitivity involved a minor contribution of histaminergic/serotonergic receptors, but significant activation of protein-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) receptors, prostaglandin PGE2 formation, and potentiation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel activity. The sensitization of dorsal root ganglion nociceptors in BDL rats was associated with increased surface expression of PAR2 and TRPV1 proteins and an increase in the number of PAR2- and TRPV1-expressing peptidergic neurons together with a shift of TRPV1 receptor expression to medium sized dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results suggest that pruritus and hyperalgesia in chronic cholestatic BDL rats are associated with neuroinflammation and involve PAR2-induced TRPV1 sensitization. Thus, pharmacological modulation of PAR2 and/or TRPV1 may be a valuable therapeutic approach for patients with chronic liver pruritus refractory to conventional treatments.
The Neurobiology of Pain (2005)

The last decade has seen major advances in the neurobiology of pain, primarily resulting from a deeper understanding of the way in which pain signals are coded and processed in the nervous system. This volume presents an overview of the current state of research into the neurobiology of chronic and acute pain. While recent molecular aspects of nociception are covered in some detail, the book also emphasizes the importance of viewing the pain experience as the co-ordinated response of many different areas of the nervous system. The molecular advances are set in the context of the neurobiologica ... More
Survey on Real Time Traffic Analysis on Big Data (2018)

With the rapid growth of industrialization, there have been several demerits along with the benefits they bring in to our lives. Traffic congestion is one of the major by-products of this growth. It is an on-going phenomenon where people tend to move towards urban areas where the businesses are concentrated. Traffic if not managed properly, results in loss of valuable time and irrecoverable impact on the environment. Big data analysis would help to effectively manage and implement measures to reduce the burden on roads as well as the lives by collection and analysis of the traffic data. This paper presents the survey on traffic avoidance techniques using mapreduce, intelligent transportation system, ABC algorithm through big data analysis to provide safety and congestion free traffic.
The wavelength component vectorgram: A tool for resolving two‐component fluorescent mixtures (1989)

Abstract We consider the problem of resolving the total luminescence spectra of two‐component mixtures. Non‐negativity of the constituent spectra is commonly used as a criterion to accomplish this resolution, but its application seldom leads to unique answers. Sometimes, the condition must be relaxed because no solution satisfying non‐negativity exists. In these cases judgments must be made concerning which parts of the spectra will be allowed to go negative and by how much. The wavelength component vectorgramn (WCV) is presented here as a tool for assisting the experimenter in making these judgments. Even when non‐negative resolutions exist, it may happen that resolutions with slight negative elements will more closely match the spectra of the pure constituents. The WCV can also be used as a tool for detecting these cases. The methodology is illustrated with real data from a two‐component mixture.
Trust‐Enhancing Technologies (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Concept of TET TET Principles TET Requirements Tools Example Another Example Conclusion Bibliography
A partial scan design method based on n-fold line-up structures (2002)

We will present a partial scan design method based on n-fold line-up structures and a partial scan design method based on the state justification of pure FFs of load/hold type in order to achieve high fault efficiency for practical LSIs. We will also present a dynamic test sequence compaction method for acyclic structures. Experimental results for practical LSIs show that our presented methods can achieve high fault efficiency and reduce the number of test patterns by half.
Structural requirements for oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein by thiols (1995)

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, may be mediated by production of free thiols in the presence of transition metals. We examined the structural requirements, within a series of cysteinyl derivatives, for oxidation of thiols and of LDL in Hams F10 medium. The primary mechanism by which such thiols mediate oxidation of LDL is largely independent of superoxide production, but strongly correlated with the susceptibility of each thiol to iron-catalysed auto-oxidation. These effects are compared and contrasted with thiol-dependent oxidation of LDL by stimulated human monocytes and macrophages.
Tamoxifen Metabolite Concentrations, CYP2D6 Genotype, and Breast Cancer Outcomes (2011)

We explored whether breast cancer outcomes are associated with endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen and examined potential correlates of endoxifen concentration levels in serum including cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolizer phenotype and body mass index (BMI). Concentration levels of tamoxifen, endoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OH-tamoxifen), and N-desmethyltamoxifen (ND-tamoxifen) were measured from samples taken from 1,370 patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer who were participating in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study. We tested these concentration levels for possible associations with breast cancer outcomes and found that breast cancer outcomes were not associated with the concentration levels of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and ND-tamoxifen. For endoxifen, a threshold was identified, with women in the upper four quintiles of endoxifen concentration appearing to have a 26% lower recurrence rate than women in the bottom quintile (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), (0.55-1.00)). The predictors of this higher-risk bottom quintile were poor/intermediate metabolizer genotype, higher BMI, and lower tamoxifen concentrations as compared with the mean for the cohort as a whole. This study suggests that there is a minimal concentration threshold above which endoxifen is effective against the recurrence of breast cancer and that ~80% of tamoxifen takers attain this threshold.
A rapid and intelligent designing technique for patient-specific and 3D-printed orthopedic cast (2016)

The 3D-printed prototype is featured as super lightweight with 1/10 of weight in compared with traditional alternatives. Medical technicians with few experiences can design cast within 20 min using the proposed technique. The image-based design minimizes the distortion during healing process because of the best fit geometry. The highly ventilated structure develops hygienic benefits on reducing the risk of cutaneous complications and potentially improve treatment efficacy and increase patients' satisfactions.
Flow cytometry : clinical applications (1993)

Introduction Quality Control in Clinical Flow Cytometry,00 Immunophenotypic Analysis of Lymphocytes and Leukaemias,00 Cell Differentiation and Maturation in Normal Bone Marrow and Acute Leukaemia,00 Neutrophil Membrane Antigens, Antibodies and Function,000 Platelet-associated Molecules and Immunoglobulins,000 Red Cells and Reticulocytes,000 The Measurement of DNA Content, Alone or Combined with Other Markers,00 Chromosome Analysis and Sorting,000 Developing Techniques and Future Developments,000 .
Androgen Receptor Expression and Bicalutamide Antagonize Androgen Receptor Inhibit β-Catenin Transcription Complex in Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer (2017)

Our studies provide novel insights into bicalutamide as an antagonist of AR function in AR+/ER- breast cancer and reveal the mechanistic basis for targeting AR as a therapeutic opportunity for patients with AR+/ER- breast cancer.
Venus: Mantle convection, hotspots, and tectonics (1989)

The putative paradigm that planets of the same size and mass have the same tectonic style led to the adaptation of the mechanisms of terrestrial plate tectonics as the a priori model of the way Venus should behave. Data acquired over the last decade by Pioneer Venus, Venera, and ground-based radar have modified this view sharply and have illuminated the lack of detailed understanding of the plate tectonic mechanism. For reference, terrestrial mechanisms are briefly reviewed. Venusian lithospheric divergence, hotspot model, and horizontal deformation theories are proposed and examined.
Of African Descent? Blackness and the Concept of Origins in Cultural Perspective (2018)

Over the past decade, the DNA ancestry-testing industry—based largely in the United States—has experienced a huge upsurge in popularity, thanks partly to rapidly developing technologies and the falling prices of products. Meanwhile, the notion of “genetic genealogy” has been strongly endorsed by popular television documentary shows in the US, particularly vis-à-vis African-American roots-seekers—for whom these products are offered as a means to discover one’s ancestral “ethnic” origins, thereby “reversing the Middle Passage.” Yet personalized DNA ancestry tests have not had the same reception among people of African descent in other societies that were historically affected by slavery. This paper outlines and contextualizes these divergent responses by examining and comparing the cultural and political meanings that are attached to notions of origin, as well as the way that Blackness has been defined and articulated, in three different settings: the United States, France and Brazil.
Two-Stage Subspace Constrained Precoding in Massive MIMO Cellular Systems (2015)

We propose a subspace constrained precoding scheme to fully unleash the gain provided by massive antenna array with reduced channel state information (CSI) signaling overhead. The MIMO precoder at each base station (BS) is partitioned into an inner precoder and a Transmit (Tx) subspace control matrix. The inner precoder is adaptive to the local CSI at each BS for spatial multiplexing gain. The Tx subspace control is adaptive to the channel statistics for inter-cell interference mitigation. Specifically, the Tx subspace control is formulated as a QoS optimization problem which involves an SINR chance constraint where the probability of each user's SINR not satisfying a service requirement must not exceed a given outage probability. Such chance constraint cannot be handled by the existing methods due to the two-stage precoding structure. To tackle this, we propose a bi-convex approximation approach, which consists of three key ingredients: random matrix theory, chance constrained optimization and semidefinite relaxation. Then we propose an efficient algorithm to find the optimal solution of the resulting bi-convex approximation problem. Simulations show that the proposed design has significant gain over various baselines.
SPLINE CURVE APPROXIMATION AND DESIGN BY OPTIMAL CONTROL OVER THE KNOTS USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS (2003)

In (1) Optimal Control methods over re-parametrization for curve and surface design were introduced. The advantage of Optimal Control over Global Minimization such as in (23) is that it can handle both approximation and interpolation. Moreover a cost function is introduced to implement a design objective (shortest curve, smoothest one etc...). The present work introduces the Optimal Control over the knot vectors of non- uniform B-Splines using genetic algorithm for the optimization of the cost function. Genetic algorithm allowed a simple implementation for highly non-linear problems, handled singularities and gave better results than classical gradient based methods on most of our examples.
High density radiation hardened FeRAMS on a 130 nm CMOS/FRAM process (2006)

Using hardened-by-design techniques previously demonstrated on a 1-kbit prototype 0.35-micron ferroelectric semiconductor memory, an 8-kbit FeRAM memory segment has been designed for fabrication on a Texas Instruments 130nm commercial CMOS/FRAM process. The 8-kbit segment can be arrayed to provide radiation hardened ferroelectric memory densities up to 64 Mbit with reasonable chip sizes and radiation hardness vastly superior to that of flash memory. The 130nm CMOS/FRAM process is capable of wide signal margin, high endurance and long data retention, consistent with the demands of the space market. It is projected from radiation testing of the 1-kbit prototype FeRAM that TID radiation tolerance to greater than 1Mrad(Si) and SEL tolerance to greater than 75 LET can be obtained without the expense and complexity of SOI, and without the need for radiation shielding. A test chip for radiation evaluation has been designed that includes the 8-kbit memory segment, critical boost circuitry, I/O buffers and a number of discrete transistors and devices. The 100 by 300 micron 8-kbit memory segment incorporates a patented, rugged, shunted ferroelectric memory cell that uses a true and complement bit line architecture. The segment read access time is simulated to be 20ns, and read and write cycle times are simulated to be 45ns.
Iron-Catalyzed Tunable and Site-Selective Olefin Transposition (2020)

The catalytic isomerization of C-C double bonds is an indispensable chemical transformation used to deliver higher-value analogues and has important utility in the chemical industry. Notwithstanding the advances reported in this field, there is compelling demand for a general catalytic solution that enables precise control of the C═C bond migration position, in both cyclic and acyclic systems, to furnish disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes. Here, we show that catalytic amounts of an appropriate earth-abundant iron-based complex, a base and a boryl compound, promote efficient and controllable alkene transposition. Mechanistic investigations reveal that these processes likely involve in situ formation of an iron-hydride species which promotes olefin isomerization through sequential olefin insertion/β-hydride elimination. Through this strategy, regiodivergent access to different products from one substrate can be facilitated, isomeric olefin mixtures commonly found in petroleum-derived feedstock can be transformed to a single alkene product, and unsaturated moieties embedded within linear and heterocyclic biologically active entities can be obtained.
Model Predictive Control of a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrain (2006)

Hybrid vehicles gain importance and attention as the need for more fuel-efficient propulsion concepts increases. This article describes the modelling and the control of the longitudinal dynamics of a hybrid vehicle with a parallel configuration. The key aspect of the displayed hybrid concept is the smooth but quick transition between pure electrical driving and hybrid driving which has to occur without interruption of the demanded driving power and jerk. A model predictive control concept is presented for solving this task.