gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum concentrations of IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG3 and IgA in C57BL/6 mice and their congenics at the nu(nude)locus. (1990)

The absolute concentrations of IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG3 and IgA were determined in mice of C57BL/6 background, from weaning to one year of age, by quantitative isotype-specific, indirect double sandwich ELISAs. The comparison of 10-40 weeks-old athymic nude C57BL/6 females with age matched females of the wild strain showed a general decrease of the whole serum Ig levels in the athymic mice, which was however contributed quite differently by the different Ig isotypes: a significant decrease (about 3.5 fold) was found for IgG2b only (0.34 mg/ml), whereas 1.5 fold more IgM (0.28 mg/ml) and about 2 fold more IgG3 (0.27 mg/ml) were detected, the IgG1 (0.19 mg/ml) and IgA (0.07 mg/ml) levels remaining within the normal range ! Limited data for IgG2a suggest that that this isotype may also be decreased in nude mice (0.36 mg/ml) in comparison with normal B6 + mice (0.54 mg/ml). Thus, although homozygosity at the nu locus results in a lack of effector T cells, our data show, at the humoral level, a limited degree of thymus dependence of an Ig isotype. It is intriguing that, although thymus dependence of several Ig isotypes looked evident ten years ago in early studies on nude mice, more recent data are very variable and controversial in this respect.
SNR enhancement of OTDR using biorthogonal codes and generalized inverses (2004)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique which significantly improves the performance of optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR). Applying biorthogonal codes and Moore-Penrose generalized inverses, a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of up to 9.04 dB, namely a coding gain, was achieved over conventional OTDR.
An Extended Framework for the Validation and Verification of Situation-Aware Middleware Architectures (2003)

Model checking is a technique that has been successfully applied for the validation and verification of hardware specifications and communication protocols. In mission critical systems of NASA and the DoD, various mobile devices generate information dynamically, and their state changes with time. Most often, a situation serves as a trigger for a new situation. Therefore, it is necessary to extend existing model checking methods and tools in order to apply them for the validation and verification of situation-aware, mission-critical applications such as DoD command and control systems or the Navy's Total Ship Computing Environment. However, there are several problems to be overcome before these techniques become practical, such as overcoming the state explosion problem and adapting the V&V systems and algorithms to this application area. In this paper, we propose a new technique, founded on combining existing techniques in theorem proving and model checking to extend the application area of existing pure model checking methods. This paper also introduces state space reduction methods based on abstraction that ameliorate the state explosion problem. Future distributed real-time and embedded system must necessarily be highly adaptable, secure, and reliable. Existing system development techniques therefore need to be extended so that future systems have the capability to meet these new system requirements.
A Code Phase Division Multiple Access (CPDMA) technique for VSAT satellite communications (1991)

A reference concept and implementation relevant to the application of Code Phase Division Multiple Access (CPDMA) to a high capacity satellite communication system providing 16 Kbps single hop channels between Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT's) is described. The description includes a potential implementation of an onboard CPDMA bulk demodulator/converter utilizing programmable charge coupled device (CCD) technology projected to be available in the early 1990's. A high level description of the system architecture and operations, identification of key functional and performance requirements of the system elements, and analysis results of end-to-end system performance relative to key figures of merit such as spectral efficiency are also provided.
The ruins of history: Allegories of destruction in Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum (2000)

It has been noted recently that Western culture is in the grip of an international museum-building boom which emerged in the early eighties and shows no sign of abating. Many of the most high-profile new museums are intended for the display of art, prompting numerous commentaries on the theme of the art museum as the secular temple of the postmodern age, and proving again and again the value of distinctive contemporary architecture as a marketing tool. But while the merits of expressionist buildings as a forum for the display of (usually modern) art could be debated endlessly, the question must be reframed to deal with the purpose-built history museum, and again in the case of museums which deal with contested or &apos;unsavoury &apos; histories. The act of constructing a new building to contain history provokes a range of architectural and historiographic implications which are different in number and kind from those of art museums, or of history museums which occupy historic, or even simply extant, buildings. In recasting architecture as a deliberate frame around the presentation of history, it abandons the fiction of the ‘white box’, the idea of architecture as a neutral ground, and represents the incursion of architecture into the realm of historiography. Of course, such an incursion is not
A Synthesis of emerging data collection technologies and their impact on traffic management applications (2011)

The objective of this research is to provide an overview of emerging data collection technologies and their impact on traffic management applications. Several existing and emerging surveillance technologies are being used for traffic data collection. Each of these technologies has different technical characteristics and operating principles, which determine the types of data collected, accuracy of the measurements, levels of maturity, feasibility and cost, and network coverage. This paper reviews the different sources of traffic surveillance data currently employed, and the types of traffic management applications they may support. Automated Vehicle Identification data have several applications in traffic management and many more are certain to emerge as these data become more widely available, reliable, and accessible. Representative examples in this field are presented. Furthermore, the fusion of condition information with traffic data can result in better and more responsive dynamic traffic management applications with a richer data background. The current state-of-the-art of traffic modeling is discussed, in the context of using emerging data sources for better planning, operations and dynamic management of road networks.
A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage (2016)

A new transformerless buck-boost converter with simple structure is proposed in this study. Compared with the traditional buck-boost converter, the proposed buck-boost converter's voltage gain is squared times of the former's and its output voltage polarity is positive. These advantages enable it to work in a wider range of positive output. The two power switches of the proposed buck-boost converter operate synchronously. In the continuous conduction mode (CCM), two inductors are magnetized and two capacitors are discharged during the switch-on period, while two inductors are demagnetized and two capacitors are charged during the switch-off period. The operating principles, the steady-state analyses, and the small-signal model for the proposed buck-boost converter operating in CCM are presented in detail. The power electronics simulator (PSIM) and the circuit experiments are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed buck-boost converter.
Laboratory and Ambulatory Monitoring of Menopausal Hot Flashes (1989)

A large increase in skin conductance activity recorded from the sternum was found during menopausal hot flashes and corresponded well with patient self-reports. The magnitude and time course of this skin conductance change was similar during spontaneous hot flashes recorded in the laboratory, during heat-induced hot flashes, and during those recorded by ambulatory monitoring techniques. This pattern of sternal skin conductance change did not occur in premenopausal women during body heating or ambulatory monitoring. These methods should be useful in research on the etiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes.
HfO <sub>2</sub> /HfSi <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub> <i>y</i> </sub> high-K gate stack with very low leakage current for low-power poly-Si gated CMOS application (2003)

Poly-Si gated NMOSFETs, with HfO2/HfSixOy gate stacks for CMOS low-power application are reported for the first time. Compared to an SiO2 control sample, the HfO2/HfSixOy stack with equivalent oxide thickness of about 18 Å exhibits four-orders of magnitude reduction in gate leakage at Vg=1 V. Additionally, negligible hysteresis and comparable subthreshold swing are observed, indicating good interface quality and bulk film properties. Furthermore, the stack-caused inherent transconductance degradation is small; almost 66% of the normalised peak transconductance with respect to SiO2 can be reached.
GLO1 overexpression in human malignant melanoma (2010)

Glyoxalase I [lactoylglutathione lyase (EC 4.4.1.5) encoded by GLO1] is a ubiquitous cellular defense enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis. Accumulative evidence suggests an important role of GLO1 expression in protection against methylglyoxal-dependent protein adduction and cellular damage associated with diabetes, cancer, and chronological aging. On the basis of the hypothesis that GLO1 upregulation may play a functional role in glycolytic adaptations of cancer cells, we examined GLO1 expression status in human melanoma tissue. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of a cDNA tissue array containing 40 human melanoma tissues (stages III and IV) and 13 healthy controls revealed pronounced upregulation of GLO1 expression at the mRNA level. Immunohistochemical analysis of a melanoma tissue microarray confirmed upregulation of glyoxalase I protein levels in malignant melanoma tissue versus healthy human skin. Consistent with an essential role of GLO1 in melanoma cell defense against methylglyoxal cytotoxicity, siRNA interference targeting GLO1-expression (siGLO1) sensitized A375 and G361 human metastatic melanoma cells towards the antiproliferative, apoptogenic, and oxidative stress-inducing activity of exogenous methylglyoxal. Protein adduction by methylglyoxal was increased in siGLO1-transfected cells as revealed by immunodetection using a monoclonal antibody directed against the major methylglyoxal-derived epitope argpyrimidine that detected a single band of methylglyoxal-adducted protein in human LOX, G361, and A375 total cell lysates. Using two-dimensional proteomics followed by mass spectrometry the methylglyoxal-adducted protein was identified as heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27; HSPB1). Taken together, our data suggest a function of GLO1 in the regulation of detoxification and target adduction by the glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal in malignant melanoma.
Changing the Curriculum (2010)

This chapter is concerned with the nature of curriculum change, and how it can be managed. In this chapter, the authors show that the management of change is a crucial aspect of curriculum reform, and they also identify some of the facilitators and barriers to effective change taking place at the level of the implemented curriculum.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Intravenous (1997)

RSV-IGIV is an effective prophylactic agent against serious RSV disease in select groups of infants and children.
Cone and rod cells have different target preferences in vitro as revealed by optical tweezers. (2008)

Cone cells preferred normal partners, and rod cells preferred novel partners. These intrinsic preferences indicate that adult nerve cells can have differing capacities for targeting even if they come from the same cell class. Further,these differences may help explain the patterns of photoreceptor sprouting seen in retinal degeneration in which rod, but not cone, cells invade the inner retinal layers where third-order neurons are located.
A Study of Spectrum Valuation Methods in Telecommunication Services (2015)

At present day, due to the exponential demand for services such as mobile that requires spectrum, the demand of spectrum has become exceedingly high. Hence, regulators worldwide are faced with a big challenge to ensure sufficient spectrum supply to services that provide the most economic value. Therefore, studies on telecommunication service spectrum valuation have become increasingly more important than ever before. From literature review on the spectrum valuation studies from international experts, we can categorize the studies into two groups. The first values spectrum by opportunity cost approach, which compares the cost and revenue of bidders with and without spectrum. The second group of studies applies econometrics to data collected from past auctions in different countries as a guideline in spectrum valuation for studied country. It starts by using statistical technique to estimate regression model in order to find the relationship between actual auction prices in different countries and its determinants. Then, it forecasts the spectrum price for studied country by replacing the values of determinants in the equation. In practice, one might choose one or use both valuation methods in parallel as a cross-check. This paper will explore both groups of spectrum valuation methods.
Characterization of Direct Cache Access on multi-core systems and 10GbE (2009)

10 GbE connectivity is expected to be a standard feature of server platforms in the near future. Among the numerous methods and features proposed to improve network performance of such platforms is direct cache access (DCA) to route incoming I/O to CPU caches directly. While this feature has been shown to be promising, there can be significant challenges when dealing with high rates of traffic in a multiprocessor and multi-core environment. In this paper, we focus on two practical considerations with DCA. In the first case, we show that the performance benefit from DCA can be limited when network traffic processing rate cannot match the I/O rate. In the second case, we show that affinitizing both stack and application contexts to cores that share a cache is critical. With proper distribution and affinity, we show that a standard Linux network stack runs 32% faster for 2 KB to 64 KB I/O sizes.
Sigma-delta modulation techniques for wide spreading range programmable spread spectrum clock generators (2009)

Spread Spectrum Clock Generators (SSCG) have recently become a popular method adopted to solve electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. In this paper, different sigma delta (ΣΔ) modulators for fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) are investigated. Two ΣΔ modulators are implemented, one is a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order single loop modulator and the other is a MASH 1-1-1. A comprehensive comparison between the two modulators designed for SSCG is presented. Spreading is achieved by modulating the feedback divider using a triangular wave through the ΣΔ modulator. In order to allow wide spreading ratios a new technique is adopted to keep the triangular wave within the input range of the ΣΔ modulator.
Flight rescheduling decisions for minimizing passenger trip delays (2013)

It has been the practice of the majority of airlines to reschedule passengers and flights so as to minimize flight delay. Some airlines are now starting to look at the problem of rescheduling from the perspective of the passenger and are trying to mi
Assessment of Software Bug Complexity and Severity using Evolutionary SOM Scheme (2019)

The software defect prediction and assessment plays a significant role in the software development process. Predicting software defects in the earlier stages will increases the software quality, reliability and efficiency, the cost of detecting and eliminating software defects have been the most expensive task during both development and maintenance process, as software demands increase and delivery of the software span decreased, ensuring software quality becomes a challenge. However, due to inadequate testing, no software can pretend to be free from errors. Bug repositories are used for storing and managing bugs in software projects. A bug in the repositories is recorded as a bug report. When a bug is found by a tester its available information is entered in defect tracking systems. During its resolution process a bug enters into various bug states. These defect tracking systems enable user to give the information about the bugs while running the software. However, the severity prediction has recently gained a lot of attention in software maintenance. Bugs with greater severity should be resolved before bugs with lower severity. In this paper an evolutionary interactive scheme to evaluate bug reports and assess the severity is proposed. This paper presents a Software Bug Complexity Cluster (SBCC) using Self Organizing Maps. In this SBCC a feature matrix is built using bug durations and the complexities of software bugs are categorized into distinct clusters including Blocker, Critical, Major, Trivial and Minor by specifying negative impact of the defect using two different techniques, namely k-means and SOM. Bug duration, proximity error and pre-defined distance functions are used to estimate the accuracy of different bug complexities. Our systematic study found that SOM's proximity error and fitness have greater performance and efficiency than K-Means. The collected results showed better performance for the SBCC with respect to fitness and cluster proximity error.
<i>In Vivo</i> Noninvasive Monitoring of Glucose Concentration in Human Epidermis by Mid-Infrared Pulsed Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (2012)

The noninvasive determination of glucose in the interstitial layer of the human skin by mid-infrared spectroscopy is reported. The sensitivity for this measurement was obtained by combining the high pulse energy from an external cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) tunable in the infrared glucose fingerprint region (1000-1220 cm(-1)) focused on the skin, with a detection of the absorbance process by photoacoustic spectroscopy in the ultrasound region performed by a gas cell coupled to the skin. This combination facilitates a quantitative measurement for concentrations of skin glucose in the range from <50 mg/dL to >300 mg/dL, which is the relevant range for the glucose monitoring in diabetes patients. Since the interstitial fluid glucose level is representative of the blood glucose level and follows it without significant delay (<10 min), this method could be applied to establish a noninvasive, painless glucose measurement procedure that is urgently awaited by diabetes patients. We report here the design of the photoacoustic experiments, the spectroscopy of glucose in vivo, and the calibration method for the quantitative determination of glucose in skin. Finally, a preliminary test with healthy volunteers and volunteers suffering from diabetes mellitus demonstrates the viability of a noninvasive glucose monitoring for patients based on the combination of infrared QCL and photoacoustic detection.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9-THC) Treatment in Chronic Central Neuropathic Pain and Fibromyalgia Patients: Results of a Multicenter Survey (2009)

Central neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, but delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) may be a promising therapeutic agent. We administered in 172 patients on average 7.5 mg delta 9-THC over 7 months. Of these, 48 patients prematurely withdrew due to side effects, insufficient analgesia, or expense of therapy. Thus, 124 patients were assessed retrospectively in a multicenter telephone survey. Reported changes in pain intensity, recorded on a numeric rating scale (NRS), Pain Disability Index (PDI), Medical Outcomes Short-Form (SF-12), Quality of Life Impairment by Pain (QLIP), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and amount of concomitant pain medication were recorded. Psychometric parameters (PDI, SF-12, QLIP, HADS) and pain intensity improved significantly during delta 9-THC treatment. Opioid doses were reduced and patients perceived THC therapy as effective with tolerable side effects. About 25% of the patients, however, did not tolerate the treatment. Therapy success and tolerance can be assessed by a transient delta 9-THC titration and its maintained administration for several weeks. The present survey demonstrates its ameliorating potential for the treatment of chronic pain in central neuropathy and fibromyalgia. A supplemental delta 9-THC treatment as part of a broader pain management plan therefore may represent a promising coanalgesic therapeutic option.
Densification Mechanism of Fine Ni-20Cr Powder during Pulsed Electric Current Sintering (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Efficacy of extended-release 45 mg oral minocycline and extended-release 45 mg oral minocycline plus 15% azelaic acid in the treatment of acne rosacea. (2013)

Rosacea is one of the most commonly occurring dermatoses treated by dermatologists. There are multiple therapeutic options available for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Rosacea is an inflammatory condition, classically presenting with flushing and/or blushing along with erythema, edema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and nodules of the face. Minocycline, a member of the tetracycline family, has demonstrated benefit in the treatment of inflammatory lesions in patients with rosacea. This manuscript highlights the use of a new sustained-release low-dose minocycline 45 mg tablet, with or without azelaic acid, for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea.
Smart data pricing models for the internet of things: a bundling strategy approach (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a new paradigm for the future Internet. In IoT, devices are connected to the Internet and thus are a huge data source for numerous applications. In this article, we focus on addressing data management in IoT through using a smart data pricing (SDP) approach. With SDP, data can be managed flexibly and efficiently through intelligent and adaptive incentive mechanisms. Moreover, data is a major source of revenue for providers and partners. We propose a new pricing scheme for IoT service providers to determine the sensing data buying price and IoT service subscription fee offered to sensor owners and service users, respectively. Additionally, we adopt the bundling strategy that allows multiple providers to form a coalition and offer their services as a bundle, attracting more users and achieving higher revenue. Finally, we outline some important open research issues for SDP and IoT.