gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH‐C‐M100F‐06: Therapeutic Uniform Scanning Proton Beam Development and Characterization: Longitudinal Results (2007)

Purpose: To utilize a new depth‐dose detector and to construct, develop, characterize and quantify longitudinal beam profiles with an active uniform scanning proton beam delivery system. Method and Materials: The active uniform scanning beam delivery system is composed of two primary devices—wobbler magnet and binary range modulator. Through transverse scanning a large proton beam spot at about 10–15Hz, the wobbler magnet creates a flat integral transverse field. The binary range modulator constructs spread out Bragg peaks (SOBP) by incrementally stepping a pristine Bragg peak by 3mm or 6mm in depth. A depth‐dose detector was constructed to acquire all the longitudinal beam data. This detector, the Multi Ion Chamber Detector (MLIC), is composed of 122 parallel‐plate ion chambers in a 1D array. Results: Upon proper calibration and commissioning, the MLIC detector performed well for the acquisition of longitudinal beam data, providing adequate discrete data with 1.8mm spatial resolution. The full width half maximum of various energy pristine Bragg peaks was measured. This data necessitated changing the range modulator step size from 6mm to 3mm for all SOBPs below a certain proton energy (i.e. equivalent to 12.0cm range in water). The pristine peak and SOBP exhibit a range deficit that decreases as proton energy decreases. This effect is also correlated to the FWHM of the pristine peak. A library of various SOBP extents, from 14.5cm to 2.2cm, was constructed and shown to pass clinical specification. For a given SOBP, the skewness, defined as the slope of the 100% isodose or SOBP “flattop”, was correlated to proton range in water. Conclusion: The MLIC proved useful, efficient and satisfactory in measuring depth‐dose profiles for active scanning proton beams. The active scanning beam delivery system delivered therapeutically useable fields with increased modularity and flexibility compared to passive scattering techniques.
All-Normal-Dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser with Pulse-Shaping due to Spectral Filtering (2007)

A modelocked Yb-doped fiber laser without an anomalous segment is successfully demonstrated. Pulse-shaping is based on spectral filtering of a highly-chirped pulse in the cavity. The laser generated 170-fs pulses with 3-nJ pulse energy.
Successful Transmission of Solenopsis Invicta Virus 3 to Field Colonies of<i>Solenopsis invicta</i>(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2014)

Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) is a positive sense, single stranded virus that exhibits host specificity toward saevissima complex fire ants. The virus is being considered for release as a biological control agent in areas in which the virus is absent. This study demonstrates that field transmission is possible.
Keywords in the mist: Automated keyword extraction for very large documents and back of the book indexing. (2008)

This research addresses the problem of automatic keyphrase extraction from large documents and back of the book indexing. The potential benefits of automating this process are far reaching, from improving information retrieval in digital libraries, to saving countless man-hours by helping professional indexers creating back of the book indexes. The dissertation introduces a new methodology to evaluate automated systems, which allows for a detailed, comparative analysis of several techniques for keyphrase extraction. We introduce and evaluate both supervised and unsupervised techniques, designed to balance the resource requirements of an automated system and the best achievable performance. Additionally, a number of novel features are proposed, including a statistical informativeness measure based on chi statistics; an encyclopedic feature that taps into the vast knowledge base of Wikipedia to establish the likelihood of a phrase referring to an informative concept; and a linguistic feature based on sophisticated semantic analysis of the text using current theories of discourse comprehension. The resulting keyphrase extraction system is shown to outperform the current state of the art in supervised keyphrase extraction by a large margin. Moreover, a fully automated back of the book indexing system based on the keyphrase extraction system was shown to lead to back of the book indexes closely resembling those created by human experts.
Fabricating capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers with wafer-bonding technology (2003)

Introduces a new method for fabricating capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) that uses a wafer bonding technique. The transducer membrane and cavity are defined on an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer and on a prime wafer, respectively. Then, using silicon direct bonding in a vacuum environment, the two wafers are bonded together to form a transducer. This new technique, capable of fabricating large CMUTs, offers advantages over the traditionally micromachined CMUTs. First, forming a vacuum-sealed cavity is relatively easy since the wafer bonding is performed in a vacuum chamber. Second, this process enables better control over the gap height, making it possible to fabricate very small gaps (less than 0.1 μm). Third, since the membrane is made of single crystal silicon, it is possible to predict and control the mechanical properties of the membrane to within 5%. Finally, the number of process steps involved in making a CMUT has been reduced from 22 to 15, shortening the device turn-around time. All of these advantages provide repeatable fabrication of CMUTs featuring predictable center frequency, bandwidth, and collapse voltage.
A BIST scheme for testing DAC (2012)

In this paper, we propose a low speed built-in-self-test (BIST) scheme for testing static parameters of high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Based on under-sampling technique, the DAC output signal is modulated into low speed pulse signal by pulse-width-modulation (PWM) with two sinusoidal carriers. The nonlinearity errors of DAC hence represents on duty ratio of converted pulse signal. In addition, a precise embedded time-to-digital converter (TDC) is inserted to measure the pulse width of converted signal on chip. The static parameters of DAC then can be estimated through analyzing output signal of TDC captured by conventional logic analyzer. To demonstrate the proposed scheme, we applied the method on 8-bits 200MS/s DAC. The experiment showed very good result that the maximum estimated error of DNL and INL are less than 0.2LSB and 0.35LSB. Moreover, the most important merit is that the required test environment and equipment are low speed compared to DAC under test.
Targeting chemotherapy-resistant leukemia by combining DNT cellular therapy with conventional chemotherapy (2018)

Our results demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of using DNTs as an immunotherapy after the administration of conventional chemotherapy.
Moving granular-bed filter development program. Topical report (1994)

Advanced, coal-based, power plants, such as IGCC and Advanced-PFBC, are currently nearing commercial demonstration. These power plant technologies require hot gas filtration as part of their gas cleaning trains. Ceramic barrier filters are the major filter candidates being developed for these hot gas cleaning applications. While ceramic barrier filters achieve high levels of particle removal, concerns exist for their reliability and operability in these applications. An alternative hot gas filtration technology is the moving granular bed filter. An advanced, moving granular bed filter has been conceived, and early development activities performed by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Science and Technology Center. This document reports on the Base Contract tasks performed to resolve the barrier technical issues for this technology. The concept, the Standleg Moving Granular Bed Filter (SMGBF) has a concurrent downward, gas and bed media flow configuration that results in simplified features and improved scaleup feasibility compared to alternative designs. Two modes of bed media operation were assessed in the program: once-through using pelletized power plant waste as bed media, and recycle of bed media via standleg and pneumatic transport techniques. Cold Model testing; high-temperature, high-pressure testing; and pelletization testing using advanced power plant wastes, have been conducted in the program. A commercial, economic assessment of the SMGBF technology was performed for IGCC and Advanced-PFBC applications. The evaluation shows that the barrier technical issues can be resolved, and that the technology is potentially competitive with ceramic barrier filters.
‘FLLA09015‐U1’: A broadly adapted dual‐purpose oat cultivar for southern USA (2023)

Abstract ‘FLLA09015‐U1’ (Reg. no. CV‐387, PI 699117) is a new facultative oat ( Avena sativa L.) cultivar that was co‐developed by the University of Florida and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and was released in 2019. This line was derived from a single cross of FL0210‐J1/MN06203. FLLA09015‐U1 has considerable potential for grain and forage yield and for conservation tillage purposes in the southern United States. Exclusive marketing rights for FLLA09015‐U1 has been granted to JoMar Seeds and is currently commercialized under the name of Juggernaut . FLLA09015‐U1 was developed using selected bulk breeding method and was selected as an F 5:6 head row. The line was evaluated in advanced, regional, and state grain and forage yield trials from 2015 to 2021. FLLA09015‐U1 was observed to be uniform and stable across environments in the southern United States from 2015 to present. The line possesses a semi‐prostrate growth habit and has large leaves that are dark green in color. It is a mid‐maturing, medium to mid‐tall height with excellent grain yield and good forage yield and test weight. It has excellent crown rust resistance and very good resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus and stem rust and demonstrated moderate lodging resistance. It has performed very well in both grain and forage trials. FLLA09015‐U1 has broad environmental adaptation and has performed well in Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, Texas, Alabama, and South Carolina. We consider FLLA09015‐U1 to be a good dual‐purpose type of oat because of its high grain yield potential and vigorous growth and high tillering capacity.
Concept of formation flyer for the ASPICS solar coronagraphic mission (2005)

This paper describes a concept of a formation flyer for ASPICS (Association de Satellites Pour l'Imagerie et la Coronagraphie Solaire), a giant 100 m based, externally occulted coronagraph aimed at observing the inner corona (and the solar disk) in the visible and ultra-violet. The two-satellite formation approach, based on existing space systems, is composed of a Myriade micro-satellite supporting the occulter and a Proteus platform as the main system carrying the coronagraph and imager scientific instruments. Both spacecrafts are launched as a single composite and deployed once on orbit, preferably a 3-day orbit or at the L1 Lagrange point. The coronagraph satellite acts as the "master" and provides the main functions of the mission (data handling, communication, propulsion, Guidance Navigation and control) while the Myriade acts as the "slave". The control of the formation is performed in two steps: i) RF metrology for deployment and preliminary pointing, ii) classical optical attitude sensors and metrology based on diverging laser beams. This will insure the nominal requirement of a lateral positioning with an accuracy of 1 mm and a longitudinal positioning with an accuracy of 500 mm.
Design and technical construction of a tactile display for sensory feedback in a hand prosthesis system (2010)

The results of these initial experiments in non-amputees indicate that the proposed tactile display, in its simple form, can be used to relocate tactile input from an artificial hand to the forearm and that the system can coexist with a myoelectric control systems. The proposed system may be a valuable addition to users of myoelectric prosthesis providing conscious sensory feedback during manipulation of objects.
Expression of yeast deubiquitination enzyme UBP1 analogues in E. coli (2005)

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that proteins fused to ubiquitin undergo greater expression in E. coli and are easier to purify and renaturate than nonhybrid foreign proteins. However, there is no commercial source of large quantities of specific deubiquitinating proteases. This is the reason why hybrid proteins containing ubiquitin at their N-end cannot be used in large scale biotechnological processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We have described the synthesis of the yeast deubiquination enzyme UBP1 muteins in E. coli. We have shown that an efficient overproduction of the enzyme in E. coli may be achieved after the introduction of several changes in the nucleotide sequence encoding UBP1. One of the conditions of an effective synthesis of the UBP1 muteins is the removal of the 5'-end sequence encoding the transmembrane region of the enzyme. The obtained variants of the enzyme may be successfully used for processing large amounts of hybrid proteins comprising ubiquitin or tagged ubiquitin at their N-ends.
Ultrasonic-Oscillator Position Sensor (1987)

An ultrasonic oscillator in which one transducer is movable can be used as a sensitive detector of relative linear or angular position. The magnitude of the fractional change of output frequency for a given oscillator mode equals the fractional change in distance between transducers. A large dynamic range is obtainable upon switching from mode to mode. A proof-of-concept test made with an 870 kHz oscillator employing wedge surface-wave transducers yielded a 5.5 HJmicrometer sensitivity. The frequency instability was less than M.SHz, indicating a minimum resolvable motion near 0.1 micrometers. Two approaches for realizing an optically-based movable transducer are use of the thermoelastic effect, possibly with a local elecmc field in a semiconductor substrate to increase efficiency, and use of photoconductivity in conjunction with a piezoelectric thin film.
Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis system with kilometer measurement range based on intensity modulation scheme (2006)

We report a novel method to enhance the performance of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis system based on intensity modulation of light source. Distributed measurement over 1-km range is successfully demonstrated with 30-cm spatial resolution.
Switching-Cycle State-Space Modeling and Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (2014)

This paper presents a new switching-cycle state-space model of the modular multilevel converter (MMC), on the basis of which unused switching states of this converter are explored and a corresponding new control method is proposed. This paper begins with a comprehensive summary and analysis on the prior-art modeling approaches of the MMC, where various models used for the MMC are discussed, and their limits in controlling the converter are shown. This is followed by the complete derivation of the proposed state-space switching model, whose mathematical derivation leverages simply on state variable transformations and Kirchhoff's voltage law without losing any circuital characteristics of the converter. As a result, all the possible switching states-many of those not previously used-and operating modes of the converter are effectively unveiled. With it, a switching-cycle control approach is proposed taking advantage of the developed state-space switching model. The new control scheme can greatly reduce the cell capacitance and arm inductance value, as well as enable the MMC to operate at any ac terminal frequency without affecting the voltage ripple of its capacitors. Simulation results are shown to validate the converter operations using the new control scheme.
2‘-Modified-2-thiothymidine Oligonucleotides (2003)

[reaction: see text] Oligonucleotides with novel modifications, 2'-O-[2-(methoxy)ethyl]-2-thiothymidine and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2-thiothymidine, have been synthesized. These modified oligonucleotides exhibited very high thermal stability when hybridized with complementary RNA. 2-O-(2-Methoxy)ethyl-2-thiothymidine modified oligonucleotide phosphodiesters showed enhanced resistance toward nucleases (t(1/2) > 24 h), but 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2-thiothymidine modified oligonucleotide phosphodiesters showed limited stability to nucleotytic degradation.
Optimum Power Allocation for Multiuser OFDM with Arbitrary Signal Constellations (2008)

This paper formulates power allocation policies that maximize the region of mutual informations achievable in multiuser downlink OFDM channels. Arbitrary partitioning of the available tones among users and arbitrary modulation formats, possibly different for every user, are considered. Two distinct policies are derived, respectively for slow fading channels tracked instantaneously by the transmitter and for fast fading channels known only statistically thereby. With instantaneous channel tracking, the solution adopts the form of a multiuser mercury/waterfilling procedure that generalizes the single-user mercury/waterfilling introduced in [1], [2]. With only statistical channel information, in contrast, the mercury/waterfllling interpretation is lost. For both policies, a number of limiting regimes are explored and illustrative examples are provided.
Phase evolution in lithium disilicate glass–ceramics based on non-stoichiometric compositions of a multi-component system: structural studies by 29Si single and double resonance solid state NMR (2011)

The crystallization mechanism of a high-strength lithium disilicate glass-ceramic in the SiO(2)-Li(2)O-P(2)O(5)-Al(2)O(3)-K(2)O-(ZrO(2)) system, used as restorative dentistry material, has been examined on the basis of quantitative (29)Si magic angle spinning (MAS) and (29)Si{(7)Li} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR spectroscopy. Crystallization occurs in two stages: near 650 °C a significant fraction of the Q(3) units disproportionates into crystalline Li(2)SiO(3) and Q(4) units. Upon further annealing of this glass-ceramic to 850 °C the crystalline Li(2)SiO(3) phase reacts with the Q(4) units of the softened residual glass matrix, resulting in the crystallization of Li(2)Si(2)O(5). The NMR experiments provide detailed insight into the spatial distribution of the lithium ions suggesting the absence of lithium ion clustering in the residual glassy component of the final glass-ceramic. (31)P MAS-NMR spectra indicate that phosphate acts as a lithium ion scavenger, resulting in the predominant formation of orthophosphate (P(0)) and some pyrophosphate (P(1)) groups. Crystallization of Li(2)SiO(3) occurs concomitantly with the formation of a highly disordered Li(3)PO(4) phase as evidenced from strong linebroadening effects in the (31)P MAS-NMR spectra. Well-crystallized Li(3)PO(4) is only formed at annealing conditions resulting in the formation of crystalline lithium disilicate. These results argue against an epitaxial nucleation process previously proposed in the literature and rather suggest that the nucleation of both lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate starts at the phase boundary between the disordered lithium phosphate phase and the glass matrix.
Nano-Sized Ceramic Particles of Hydroxyapatite Calcined with an Anti-Sintering Agent (2007)

Nano-sized crystals of calcined hydroxyapatite (HAp) having spherical morphologies were fabricated by calcination at 800 degrees C for 1 h with an anti-sintering agent surrounding the original HAp particles and the agent was subsequently removed by washing after calcination. The original HAp particles were prepared by a modified emulsion system, and surrounded with poly(acrylic acid, calcium salt) (PAA-Ca) by utilizing a precipitation reaction between calcium hydroxide and poly(acrylic acid) adsorbed on the HAp particle surfaces in an aqueous medium. In the case of calcination without PAA-Ca, micron-sized particles consisting of sintered polycrystals were mainly observed by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the calcination-induced sintering among the crystals. On the other hand, most of the crystals calcined with the anti-sintering agent were observed as isolated particles, and the mean size of the HAp crystals was around 80 nm. This result indicates that PAA-Ca and its thermally decomposed product, CaO, surrounding the HAp crystals could protect them against calcination-induced sintering during calcination at 800 degrees C. The HAp crystals calcined with PAA-Ca showed high crystallinity, and no other calcium phosphate phases could be detected.
Composites containing albumin protein or cyanoacrylate adhesives and biodegradable scaffolds: I. Acute wound closure study in a rat model (2004)

Composite adhesives composed of biodegradable scaffolds impregnated with a biological or synthetic adhesive were investigated for use in wound closure as an alternative to using either one of the adhesives alone. Two different scaffold materials were investigated: (i) a synthetic biodegradable material fabricated from poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid); and (ii) a biological material, small intestinal sub mucosa, manufactured by Cook BioTech. The biological adhesive was composed of 50%(w/v) bovine serum albumin solder and 0.5mg/ml indocyanine green dye mixed in deionized water, and activated with an 808-nm diode laser. The synthetic adhesive was Ethicon's Dermabond, a 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate. The tensile strength of skin incisions repaired <i>ex vivo</i> in a rat model, by adhesive alone or in combination with a scaffold, as well as the time-to-failure, were measured and compared. The tensile strength of repairs formed using the scaffold-enhanced biological adhesives were on average, 80% stronger than their non-enhanced counterparts, with an accompanying increase in the time-to-failure of the repairs. These results support the theory that a scaffold material with an irregular surface that bridges the wound provides a stronger, more durable and consistent adhesion, due to the distribution of the tensile stress forces over the many micro-adhesions provided by the irregular surface, rather than the one large continuous adhesive contact. This theory is also supported by several previous <i>ex vivo</i> experiments demonstrating enhanced tensile strength of irregular versus smooth scaffold surfaces in identical tissue repairs performed on bovine thoracic aorta, liver, spleen, small intestine and lung tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphite Ligands in Ru‐Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2015)

Abstract Review: 77 refs.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Soluble Polyimides from 3,3‘,4,4‘-Benzhydrol Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride and Various Diamines (1998)

New soluble polyimides were prepared from a series of diamines and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a benzhydrol unit, 3,3‘,4,4‘-benzhydrol tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BHTDA), by one-step method polymerization. The diamines containing flexible units, bulky substituents, and/or noncoplanar conformation unit were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding bisphenol precursors and p-chloronitrobenzene, followed by catalytic reduction of the dinitro compounds. The polyimides obtained were soluble in various solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, γ-butyrolactone, m-cresol, and even tetrahydrofuran except for polymer PId. The polymers were amorphous and had number-average molecular weight (M̄n) in the range (3.0−10.2) × 104. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers ranged from 268 to 341 °C. These polymers exhibited good thermal stability without significant weight loss up to 420 °C. The temperatures at 10% weight loss range from 457 to 524 °C in nitrogen and 449 to 519 °C in air, respectively. The polyimide films were found to be transparent, flexible, and tough. The films had a tensile strength range 72−105 MPa, an elongation range at break of 4−7%, and a Young's modulus range of 2.18−2.85 GPa.