gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a modular automated system for maintenance and differentiation of adherent human pluripotent stem cells (2016)

Abstract Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have tremendous potential for development of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery. However, the processes of reprogramming, maintenance and differentiation are labour intensive and subject to inter-technician variability. To address these issues, we established and optimised protocols to allow for the automated maintenance of reprogrammed somatic cells into iPSCs to enable the large-scale culture and passaging of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using a customized TECAN Freedom EVO. Generation of iPSCs was performed offline by nucleofection followed by selection of TRA-1-60 positive cells using a Miltenyi MultiMACS24 Separator. Pluripotency markers were assessed to confirm pluripotency of the generated iPSCs. Passaging was performed using an enzyme-free dissociation method. Proof of concept of differentiation was obtained by differentiating human PSCs into cells of the retinal lineage. Key advantages of this automated approach are the ability to increase sample size, reduce variability during reprogramming or differentiation, and enable medium to high-throughput analysis of human PSCs and derivatives. These techniques will become increasingly important with the emergence of clinical trials using stem cells.
Up-Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Cultured Murine Bone Cells with Use of Specific Electric Fields (2006)

These data clearly show that our optimal capacitively coupled signal (60 kHz, 20 mV/cm at a 50% duty cycle for twenty-four hours) can specifically, selectively, and simultaneously up-regulate the expression of a number of osteoinductive BMPs; other BMPs and antagonists are only moderately affected.
Visualizing Escherichia coli Sub-Cellular Structure Using Sparse Deconvolution Spatial Light Interference Tomography (2012)

Studying the 3D sub-cellular structure of living cells is essential to our understanding of biological function. However, tomographic imaging of live cells is challenging mainly because they are transparent, i.e., weakly scattering structures. Therefore, this type of imaging has been implemented largely using fluorescence techniques. While confocal fluorescence imaging is a common approach to achieve sectioning, it requires fluorescence probes that are often harmful to the living specimen. On the other hand, by using the intrinsic contrast of the structures it is possible to study living cells in a non-invasive manner. One method that provides high-resolution quantitative information about nanoscale structures is a broadband interferometric technique known as Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM). In addition to rendering quantitative phase information, when combined with a high numerical aperture objective, SLIM also provides excellent depth sectioning capabilities. However, like in all linear optical systems, SLIM's resolution is limited by diffraction. Here we present a novel 3D field deconvolution algorithm that exploits the sparsity of phase images and renders images with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. We employ this label-free method, called deconvolution Spatial Light Interference Tomography (dSLIT), to visualize coiled sub-cellular structures in E. coli cells which are most likely the cytoskeletal MreB protein and the division site regulating MinCDE proteins. Previously these structures have only been observed using specialized strains and plasmids and fluorescence techniques. Our results indicate that dSLIT can be employed to study such structures in a practical and non-invasive manner.
Holographic Imaging without the Wavelength Resolution Limit (1980)

It is usually assumed in both optical and acoustical holography that the resolution of a reconstructed image is limited by the wavelength of the radiation. In this paper it is demonstrated that this is not necessarily true in acoustical holography. A technique which images the source vector intensity as well as the sound pressure amplitude with a resolution independent of the wavelength is presented. Application to electromagnetic radiation may be possible.
Verdamicin, a New Broad Spectrum Aminoglycoside Antibiotic (1975)

Verdamicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from fermentation broths of a species of the genus Micromonospora, M. grisea. It has been differentiated from other known related antibiotics by a variety of chemical and biological methods. Its in vitro and in vivo spectrum of activity appears to be similar to those of gentamicin and sisomicin.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF 8‐SUBSTITUTED 1‐OXA‐3,8‐DIAZASPIRO(4.5)DECAN‐2‐ONES (1982)

Abstract Die Spirocyclen (II) werden mit den Bromiden (I) zu den Verbindungen (III) N‐alkyliert.
Prospective validation of molecular subtype diagnostics for autism spectrum and neurodevelopmental disorders (P3.321) (2018)

To identify and prospectively validate metabolite-based diagnostic tests for subtypes as subpopulations of ASD and developmental delay (DD).
Characterization of IgG N-Glycans Employing a Microfluidic Chip that Integrates Glycan Cleavage, Sample Purification, LC Separation, and MS Detection (2009)

A novel polymeric microfluidic device with an on-chip enzyme reactor has been developed for the characterization of recombinant glycoproteins. The enzyme reactor chip packed with PNGase F-modified solid support material was combined with a microfluidic glycan cleanup chip and a commercially available HPLC-chip to perform glycoprotein deglycosylation, protein removal, glycan capture, glycan LC separation, and nanoelectrospray into a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) system. With this integrated chip, the combined sample preparation and sample analysis time was reduced from multiple hours to less than 10 min. A once tedious and time-consuming glycan analysis workflow is now integrated into an HPLC-chip device. Glycan profiling analysis has been achieved with as little as 100 ng of monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, a single chip was shown to retain activity and perform equivalently for over 250 replicate glycan profiles from a recombinant antibody.
Conjunctivally Applied BDNF Protects Photoreceptors from Light-Induced Damage (2015)

A collyrium containing BDNF may serve as an effective, clinically translational treatment against retinal degeneration.
Abstract B63: Developing Novel STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment and Prevention of Cancer (2012)

Abstract Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of early embryonic development, immune response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Particularly, STAT3 regulates lobuloalveolar apoptosis during involution in mammary gland development, and its activation is required for the growth of CD44+CD24- stem cell-like breast cancer cells and the development of multiple cancers including breast cancer. Increased STAT3 transcriptional activity was found to correlate with ER-negative phenotype in breast cancer cell lines and in primary human invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Thus, STAT3 represents a promising target for therapeutic and preventive intervention of breast cancer. Yet current strategies of inhibiting STAT3 activity did not sufficiently block STAT3 activation in cancer cells due to their limited potency, poor solubility or bioavailability. Despite several STAT3 inhibitors have been advanced into early clinical trials, there is an urgent need to develop a more successful strategy targeting STAT3 for cancer therapies, and preventive use in particular. We attempted to identify potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitors for such purposes and have designed, synthesized and screened a series of novel STAT3 inhibitors utilizing fragment-based drug design strategy. A number of small molecules with new scaffolds have been discovered with low-micromolar to nanomolar potency in inhibiting the proliferation of various human breast cancer and pancreatic cancer cells. The identified compound HJC0152 significantly suppresses basal and IL-6-stimulated STAT3 promoter activity and STAT3 phosphorylation, reduces total STAT3 protein expression, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, and induces early apoptosis. HJC0152 has demonstrated a better potency in suppressing the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast xenograft tumors via intraperitoneal and oral administrative routes, with remarkably improved aqueous solubility (3,300 fold improvement) and less toxicity than the lead compounds. In conclusion, we have developed a new class of orally active STAT3 inhibitors with superior drug-like properties for further preclinical therapeutic and preventive evaluation. Citation Format: Zhengduo Yang, Haijun Chen, Lili Chu, Yusong Zhang, Chunyong Ding, Kristin Terry, Jia Zhou, Qiang Shen. Developing novel STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B63.
Fully Integrated On-Chip Electrochemical Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis in a Microfabricated Device (2002)

Microfabricated lab-on-a-chip devices employing a fully integrated electrochemical (EC) detection system have been developed and evaluated. Both capillary electrophoresis (CE) channels and all CE/EC electrodes were incorporated directly onto glass substrates via traditional microfabrication techniques, including photolithographic patterning, wet chemical etching, DC sputtering, and thermal wafer bonding. Unlike analogous CE/EC devices previously reported, no external electrodes were required, and critical electrode characteristics, including size, shape, and placement on the microchip, were established absolutely by the photolithography process. For the model analytes dopamine and catechol, detection limits in the 4-5 microM range (approximately 200 amol injected) were obtained with the Pt EC electrodes employed here, and devices gave stable analytical performance over months of usage.
Double Synchronous Unified Virtual Oscillator Control for Asymmetrical Fault Ride-Through in Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters (2022)

In this work, a double synchronous unified virtual oscillator controller is proposed for grid-forming voltage source converters to achieve synchronization to the fundamental frequency positive- and negative-sequence components of unbalanced grid voltage without any phase-locked loop. The proposed controller leverages a positive-sequence virtual oscillator and a negative-sequence virtual oscillator, a double-sequence current reference generator, and a double-sequence vector limiter. Under fault conditions, the controller enables to limit the converter output current below/at the maximum value allowable by the converter hardware while retaining synchronization regardless of the nature of grid faults. Consequently, symmetrical and asymmetrical fault ride-through can be achieved without the need for switching to a backup controller. This article presents the implementation and detailed analysis of the double-synchronous structure, which enables simultaneous synchronization to both sequences during current-unconstrained and -constrained operations. Validation of the proposed controller is provided through laboratory hardware experiments.
Synthesis of [PtCl2(4,4′-dialkoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)] complexes and their in vitro anticancer properties (2013)

A series of [Pt(II)Cl2(4,4'-dialkoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)] complexes of the general formula of [Pt(II)Cl2(4,4'-bis(RO)-2,2'-bipyridine)] (where R = -(CH2)n-1CH3, n = 2-6, 8) were synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of these compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), DU145 (prostate carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) using the MTS cell proliferation assay. Several Pt(II) coordination compounds were found to have greatly enhanced activity compared to cisplatin after a one hour treatment in all cell lines tested. A structure-activity relationship was observed, that is, the activity increases as the carbon chain length of the alkyl group increases. The activity was maximum when the carbon chain length reached four or five carbons and decreased with the longer carbon chain length. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry data indicate that the main mode of cell death is through apoptosis with some necrotic responses.
Low-leakage asymmetric-cell SRAM (2002)

Introduces a novel family of asymmetric dual-V/sub t/ SRAM cell designs that reduce leakage power in caches while maintaining low access latency. Our designs exploit the strong bias towards zero at the bit level exhibited by the memory value stream of ordinary programs. Compared to conventional symmetric high-performance cells, our cells offer significant leakage reduction in the zero state and in some cases also in the one state albeit to a lesser extent. A novel sense-amplifier, in coordination with dummy bitlines, allows for read times to be on par with conventional symmetric cells. With one cell design, leakage is reduced by 7/spl times/ (in the zero state) with no performance degradation. An alternative cell design reduces leakage by 40/spl times/ (in the zero state) with a performance degradation of 5%.
A constitutively activated mutant of human soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC): Implication for the mechanism of sGC activation (2003)

Heterodimeric alphabeta soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a recognized receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and mediates many of its physiological functions. Although it has been clear that the heme moiety coordinated by His-105 of the beta subunit is crucial for mediating the activation of the enzyme by NO, it is not understood whether the heme moiety plays any role in the function of the enzyme in the absence of NO. Here we analyze the effects of biochemical and genetic removal of heme and its reconstitution on the activity of the enzyme. Detergent-induced loss of heme from the wild-type alphabeta enzyme resulted in several-fold activation of the enzyme. This activation was inhibited after hemin reconstitution. A heme-deficient mutant alphabetaCys-105 with Cys substituted for His-105 was constitutively active with specific activity approaching the activity of the wild-type enzyme activated by NO. However, reconstitution of mutant enzyme with heme and/or DTT treatment significantly inhibited the enzyme. Mutant enzyme reconstituted with ferrous heme was activated by NO and CO alone and showed additive effects between gaseous effectors and the allosteric activator 5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamine. We propose that the heme moiety through its coordination with His-105 of the beta subunit acts as an endogenous inhibitor of sGC. Disruption of the heme-coordinating bond induced by binding of NO releases the restrictions imposed by this bond and allows the formation of an optimally organized catalytic center in the heterodimer.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Ultrathin Ni/Al Film as Catalyst (2003)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) catalyzed using a few nm thick Ni layer supported by a thin Al underlayer is reported. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy shows the SWNTs having a diameter distribution between 1.5 and 2.8 nm. The effect of the Ni/Al bilayer film thickness on the density of the SWNTs is presented. Additionally, circuits of SWNTs bridging opposing Au electrodes coated with Ni/Al catalyst films are fabricated using selective CVD. The current−voltage characteristics and circuit resistance of the nanotube circuits are also discussed.
Isothermal Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Directly from Respiratory Clinical Specimens (2015)

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) across patient populations of all ages. We have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that enables rapid, low-cost detection of M. pneumoniae from nucleic acid extracts and directly from various respiratory specimen types. The assay implements calcein to facilitate simple visual readout of positive results in approximately 1 h, making it ideal for use in primary care facilities and resource-poor settings. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 100 fg by testing serial dilutions of target DNA ranging from 1 ng to 1 fg per reaction, and no cross-reactivity was observed against 17 other Mycoplasma species, 27 common respiratory agents, or human DNA. We demonstrated the utility of this assay by testing nucleic acid extracts ( n = 252) and unextracted respiratory specimens ( n = 72) collected during M. pneumoniae outbreaks and sporadic cases occurring in the United States from February 2010 to January 2014. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 88.5% tested on extracted nucleic acid and 82.1% evaluated on unextracted clinical specimens compared to a validated real-time PCR test. Further optimization and improvements to this method may lead to the availability of a rapid, cost-efficient laboratory test for M. pneumoniae detection that is more widely available to primary care facilities, ultimately facilitating prompt detection and appropriate responses to potential M. pneumoniae outbreaks and clusters within the community.
An Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus Reverses the Defensive Effect of Abscisic Acid in a Susceptible Soybean Cultivar (2019)

In soybean cultivar L29, the <i>Rsv3</i> gene is responsible for extreme resistance (ER) against the soybean mosaic virus avirulent strain G5H, but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Part of this ER is attributed to the rapid increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and callose, and to the rapid induction of several genes in the RNA-silencing pathway. Whether these two defense mechanisms are correlated or separated in the ER is unknown. Here, we found that ABA treatment of L29 plants increased the expression of several antiviral RNA-silencing genes as well as the <i>PP2C3a</i> gene, which was previously shown to increase callose accumulation; as a consequence, ABA increased the resistance of L29 plants to G7H. The effect of ABA treatment on these genes was weaker in the rsv3-null cultivar (Somyungkong) than in L29. Besides, G5H-infection of Somyungkong plants subverted the effect of ABA leading to reduced callose accumulation and decreased expression of several RNA-silencing genes, which resulted in increased susceptibility to G5H infection. ABA treatment, however, still induced some resistance to G7H in Somyungkong, but only <i>AGO7b</i> was significantly induced. Our data suggest that <i>Rsv3</i> modulates the effect of ABA on these two resistance mechanisms, i.e., callose accumulation and the antiviral RNA-silencing pathway, and that in the absence of <i>Rsv3</i>, some strains can reverse the effect of ABA and thereby facilitate their replication and spread.
Half‐strength citrate CPD and new additive solutions for improved blood preservation. 2. The effect of storage at ambient temperature before component preparation and different means of supplying glucose to the red cells (1993)

Summary. In current anticoagulant‐additive systems used for the preparation of blood components an early loss of erythrocyte 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) during storage is unavoidable. This increases reversibly the oxygen affinity of the haemoglobin of red blood cells (RBC). Using half‐strength citrate CPD solution (0·5CPD) as anticoagulant and a red‐cell additive solution (RAS 2) containing citrate, adenine, phosphate, mannitol and glucose, it was possible effectively to counteract this undesirable effect without loss of adenine nucleotides. The initial mean BPG level was maintained for 4 weeks and the total adenine nucleotide concentration for 7 weeks. The initial BPG level decreased upon prolonged hold of the whole blood at ambient temperature to 85–90% of normal after 4 h, 70% after 12 h and 50% after 22 h. Both preparation and storage haemolysis were lower in 0·5CPD blood processed into RAS‐2‐suspended RBC than in CPD blood processed into SAGM‐suspended cells. The possibility of adding glucose to the red cells via the primary anticoagulant instead of the additive solution was tested. The glucose concentration had to be increased to three times that in normal CPD to supply the red cells with sufficient glucose for 6–7 weeks of storage. However, this caused increased haemolysis, particularly after prolonged hold of the whole blood at ambient temperature before component preparation. The results therefore indicate that the glucose supply should be in the additive solution. Less citric acid in the 0·5CPD anticoagulant, an increase in intracellular pH on addition of the new additive solution and supply of phosphate seem to be major factors in explaining the effects. The new combination of anticoagulant and red‐cell additive solution is a clear improvement for blood component preparation and storage.
Lithium Ion Battery Materials as Tunable, Redox Non-Innocent Catalyst Supports (2021)

The development of general strategies for the electronic tuning of a catalyst’s active site is an ongoing challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. To this end we report the application of cathode and anode materials as redox non-innocent catalyst supports that can be continuously modulated as a function of lithium intercalation. A zero valent nickel complex was oxidatively grafted onto the surface of lithium manganese oxide (Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) to yield single-sites of Ni<sup>2</sup><sub>­</sub><sup>+</sup> (Ni/Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). Its activity for olefin hydrogenation was found to be a function of the redox state of the support material, with the most lithiated variant showing the most activity. X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and electron microscopy techniques established the nature of the nickel species on Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Catalyst control through support redox non-innocence was extended to an organotantalum complex on lithium titanium oxide (Li<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>2</sub>), demonstrating the generality of this phenomenon.
Mode-locked fiber laser stabilized by semiconductor saturable absorber modulated with the residual pump (2003)

Summary form only given. We present an harmonic passively mode-locked fiber laser employing two saturable absorbers - one absorber is responsible for starting up the mode-locking process, while the other is optimized to provide a high modulation index of the cavity loss by optically pumping it above the band-gap. The unique aspect of this work is that the pulse organization is accomplished by modulating the 980-nm light used for both pumping the gain medium and optical modulation of the absorber. We show that this approach can be used for efficient pulse synchronization to an external RF signal and for considerable reduction of the timing jitter. In addition we demonstrate, for what is believed to be the first time, that optimized semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) structures can provide modulation depth of the absorption by optical pumping, which is sufficient to initiate active mode-locking.