gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of plasma polymerized styrene films by rf discharge (2010)

The deposition of polystyrene films by capacitively coupled rf plasma on bell metal was investigated. Argon/styrene gas mixture was used for coating in the pressure range (7-16) × 10-2 mbar at different rf powers (40-150 Watt). The structure and composition of these polystyrene films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The deposition condition of these films was optimized for good adhesive and corrosion resistance behaviours. The results showed the possible application of polystyrene films as corrosion resistance coating on bell metal.
Membrane potential mediates the cellular binding of nanoparticles (2013)

The use of nanoparticles for cellular therapeutic or sensing applications requires nanoparticles to bind, or adhere, to the cell surface. While nanoparticle parameters such as size, shape, charge, and composition are important factors in cellular binding, the cell itself must also be considered. All cells have an electrical potential across the plasma membrane driven by an ion gradient. Under standard conditions the ion gradient will result in a -10 to -100 mV potential across the membrane with a net negative charge on the cytosolic face. Using a combination of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy experiments and dissipative particle dynamics simulations, we have found that a decrease in membrane potential leads to decreased cellular binding of anionic nanoparticles. The decreased cellular binding of anionic nanoparticles is a general phenomenon, independent of depolarization method, nanoparticle composition, and cell type. Increased membrane potential reverses this trend resulting in increased binding of anionic nanoparticles. The cellular binding of cationic nanoparticles is minimally affected by membrane potential due to the interaction of cationic nanoparticles with cell surface proteins. The influence of membrane potential on the cellular binding of nanoparticles is especially important when considering the use of nanoparticles in the treatment or detection of diseases, such as cancer, in which the membrane potential is decreased.
Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors generated concomitantly via small molecule-mediated differentiation rescues visual function in rodent models of retinal degeneration (2021)

To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a unified, scalable, and GMP-adaptable protocol indicating strong animal efficacy and safety data with hiPSC-derived RPE and PRP cells. These findings provide robust proof-of-principle results for IND-enabling studies to test these potential regenerative cell therapies in patients.
A Fast HMM Algorithm Based on Stroke Lengths for On-Line Recognition of Handwritten Music Scores (2004)

The hidden Markov model (HMM) has been successfully applied to various kinds of on-line recognition problems including, speech recognition, handwritten character recognition, etc. In this paper, we propose an on-line method to recognize handwritten music scores. To speed up the recognition process and improve usability of the system, the following methods are explained: (1) The target HMMs are restricted based on the length of a handwritten stroke, and (2) Probability calculations of HMMs are successively made as a stroke is being written. As a result, recognition rates of 85.78% and average recognition times of 5.19 ms/stroke were obtained for 6,999 test strokes of handwritten music symbols, respectively. The proposed HMM recognition rate is 2.4% higher than that achieved with the traditional method, and the processing time was 73% of that required by the traditional method.
CFRP-based broad-band Radar Absorbing Materials (2008)

Strong interest in radar absorbing materials (RAMs) took place with years due to their extensive sectors of application. RAMs are coatings whose electric and magnetic properties allow the absorption of microwave energy over certain frequencies. In particular, RAMs are very effective means of Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction in the context of stealth technology. RCS reduction requires absorbers with broad-band characteristics since surveillance radars often employ wide bandwidths. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are made of short carbon fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. They allow broad-band radar absorbing materials (RAMs) characterized by low reflection coefficient against impinging electromagnetic fields, and high resistance against environmental hazards.
Design, implementation, use, and preliminary evaluation of SEBASTIAN, a standards-based Web service for clinical decision support. (2005)

Despite their demonstrated ability to improve care quality, clinical decision support systems are not widely used. In part, this limited use is due to the difficulty of sharing medical knowledge in a machine-executable format. To address this problem, we developed a decision support Web service known as SEBASTIAN. In SEBASTIAN, individual knowledge modules define the data requirements for assessing a patient, the conclusions that can be drawn using that data, and instructions on how to generate those conclusions. Using standards-based XML messages transmitted over HTTP, client decision support applications provide patient data to SEBASTIAN and receive patient-specific assessments and recommendations. SEBASTIAN has been used to implement four distinct decision support systems; an architectural overview is provided for one of these systems. Preliminary assessments indicate that SEBASTIAN fulfills all original design objectives, including the re-use of executable medical knowledge across diverse applications and care settings, the straightforward authoring of knowledge modules, and use of the framework to implement decision support applications with significant clinical utility.
Tensorizing Generative Adversarial Nets (2017)

Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and its variants exhibit state-of-the-art performance in the class of generative models. To capture higher-dimensional distributions, the common learning procedure requires high computational complexity and a large number of parameters. The problem of employing such massive framework arises when deploying it on a platform with limited computational power such as mobile phones. In this paper, we present a new generative adversarial framework by representing each layer as a tensor structure connected by multilinear operations, aiming to reduce the number of model parameters by a large factor while preserving the generative performance and sample quality. To learn the model, we employ an efficient algorithm which alternatively optimizes both discriminator and generator. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that our model can achieve high compression rate for model parameters up to $35$ times when compared to the original GAN for MNIST dataset.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of A Full Spectrum CBD- Rich Hemp Formulation in Patients with COVID-19 Infection (2022)

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is attributable to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is attributed to the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways secondary to the interaction of virus and host immune responses. 15% of patients over the age of 60 with COVID-19 require hospitalization. In addition, ICU admissions are as high as 5% of COVID-19 patients in this same age group. Most with one or more underlying conditions, undergo the pathophysiologic process of hyper-inflammation and its accompanying Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutics, which reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines, have been sought to slow disease progression. A growing body of literature attests to the anti-inflammatory effects of the naturally occurring cannabinoids found in both cannabis and hemp plants. The major cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), results in decreased cytokine production via Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). In addition, recent evidence indicates: (1) CBD may protect against infection by inducing anti-viral cellular activity; and (2) two specific cannabinoids exhibit binding to the spike protein thereby preventing infection in vitro. Therefore, examination of the activity of a CBD-rich oil on cellular inflammatory markers, as a potential natural intervention and as an adjuvant to recognized therapeutic interventions, is considered here. Materials and methods: COVID-19 has influenced all sectors of the world’s economic, scientific and commercial communities. This is true also of the investigative work within this report which adapted to the COVID-19 outbreak during the execution of the study. Part 1 of this report focuses on the initial study designed to evaluate the reported anti-inflammatory effects of a hemp-based full-spectrum CBD and cannabinoid-rich microcellular formulation (i.e. Hempzorb81™) on healthy volunteers comparing a treatment group of 100 with a placebo group of 50. Part 2 extends the report to the effects of the Hempzorb81™ formulation on a subset of 44 study subjects who tested positive for COVID-19 infection compared to a 39 subject COVID-19 negative test control group. Results: In Part 1, the treatment cohort found two cytokines associated with the development of SARS-CoV-2. Both TNFα and IL-6 showed statistically significant reductions compared to placebo in healthy patients. Two inflammatory markers, ESR and CRP, showed reductions of 19.4% and 12.5%, respectively, but the results were not statistically significant. In Part 2, TNFα, CRP, IL-1,6 and White Blood Cell count (WBC) all showed statistically significant p-values in the COVID-19 positive cohort. In the course of the study, no COVID-19 positive patients were hospitalized or died. A 2-fold reduction in white blood cell count at the time of diagnosis over the treatment course was an additional significant indicator for improved outcome post-infection.
Novel Regioselective Preparation of 5-Chloropyrazine-2-Carbonitrile from Pyrazine-2-Carboxamide and Coupling Study of Substituted Phenylsulfanylpyrazine- 2-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (2005)

A new method of 5-chloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile preparation in a regioselective fashion and the study of the coupling of the pyrazine ring with variously substituted benzenethiols are described. A radical-ionic mechanism of this coupling, carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous copper catalyst, has been proposed. The reactivity of the substituted chloropyrazines is correlated to the calculated values of electronic deficiency in positions C(6) or C(5) or C(3) of the pyrazine ring. This nucleophilic substitution provided a series of substituted phenylsulfanylpyrazine-2- carboxylic acid derivatives. The synthetic approach, analytical and spectroscopic data of all compounds are presented. Keywords: halogenpyrazine, dehydration, synthesis
Architecture Conformance Analysis Approach within the Context of Multiple Product Line Engineering (2014)

One of the important concerns in software product line engineering is the conformance of the application architecture to the product line architecture. Consistency with the product line architecture is important to ensure that the business rules and constraints that are defined for the entire product family are not violated. Usually, the conformance checking to the product line architecture is a manual and tedious process. A popular approach for ensuring architecture conformance is reflexion modeling which has been primarily used to check the consistency between the architecture and the code. In this paper we present an approach for product line conformance analysis based on reflexion modeling. We consider conformance analysis in product line engineering and extend our discussion to multiple product line engineering. Our study shows several important challenges regarding reflexion modeling within the context of product line engineering.
Stability of succinylcholine solutions stored at room temperature studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2007)

The effect of storage temperature on the stability of two succinylcholine chloride solutions (20 and 50 mg/ml) was evaluated. Molecular composition was analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At room temperature, the degradation rate constant was 1.2%/month for the 20 mg/ml solution and 2.1%/month for the 50 mg/ml solution. The corresponding monthly degradation rates for the two solutions were 0.18% and 0.30% when stored at 4 degrees C, and 5.4% and 8.1% when stored at 37 degrees C. If a 10% loss of potency is considered acceptable, then the 20 and 50 mg/ml succinylcholine solutions can be stored in emergency resuscitation carts at room temperature for 8.3 and 4.8 months, respectively.
Dual-Band Microstrip Resonant Sensor for Dielectric Measurement of Liquid Materials (2020)

A novel compact microstrip resonant dielectric permittivity sensor with dual-band operation is presented in this paper. The circuit makes use of a single stepped-impedance-resonator as the sensing element, working at the 2.45-GHz and 5.8-GHz ISM bands, under differential and common modes, respectively. Sensitivity of the circuit and resonator coupling at each band can be configured independently. Moreover, testing of the sample is done by using a single sensing region without the need of duplicating the sample location. Experimental measurements are carried out using a very small amount of liquids and the results are presented validating the theory. This work delivers a compact, reusable, label-free and non-destructive microwave device and paves a way for sensing dielectric properties of chemicals with accuracy due to the dual-band performance.
Translocation and effects of gold nanoparticles after inhalation exposure in rats (2007)

This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that nanogold particles can accumulate in the olfactory bulb, and translocate from the lung to other organs after inhalation exposure. Gold nanoparticles were aerosolized and introduced through an exposure chamber. The number concentration of airborne nano-sized particles was 2×106 #NSPs/cm3 with >75% of particulates between 30 and 110 nm. Exposure for 5 days resulted in significant increase of Au in the lung and olfactory bulb as detected by ICP-MS, but after 15 days, significant accumulation of gold was detected in the lung, esophagus, tongue, kidney, aorta, spleen, septum, heart and blood. Microarray analysis showed downregulation of many genes related to muscle in the nanogold-exposed lung. Lipidomic analysis of the lung showed a specific decrease in phosphatidylserine 36:1 species. We conclude that nanogold is able to translocate from the lung to other organs with time, and causes significant effects in exposed tissues.
Vehicle Rebalancing for Mobility-on-Demand Systems with Ride-Sharing (2018)

Recent developments in Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) systems have demonstrated the potential of road vehicles as an efficient mode of urban transportation Newly developed algorithms can compute vehicle routes in real-time for batches of requests and allow for multiple requests to share vehicles. These algorithms have primarily focused on optimally producing vehicle schedules to pick up and drop off requests. The redistribution of idle vehicles to areas of high demand, known as rebalancing, on the contrary has received little attention in the context of ride-sharing. In this paper, we present a method to rebalance idle vehicles in a ride-sharing enabled MoD fleet. This method consists of an algorithm to optimally partition the fleet operating area into rebalancing regions, an algorithm to determine a real-time demand estimate for every region using incoming requests, and an algorithm to optimize the assignment of idle vehicles to these rebalancing regions using an integer linear program. Evaluation with historical taxi data from Manhattan shows that we can service 99.8% of taxi requests in Manhattan using 3000 vehicles with an average waiting time of 57.4 seconds and an average in-car delay of 13.7 seconds. Moreover, we can achieve a higher service rate using 2000 vehicles than prior work achieved with 3000. Furthermore, with a fleet of 3000 vehicles, we reduce the average travel delay by 86%, the average waiting time by 37%, and the amount of ignored requests by 95% compared to earlier work at the expense of an increased distance travelled by the fleet.
Receptors against autoimmunity (2007)

Men are less prone to autoimmunity than women thanks to the anti-inflammatory effect of male sex hormones. But how these androgens, such as testosterone, exert this effect was a mystery. Dunn and colleagues now report on page 321 that a nuclear hormone receptor that gets boosted by testosterone switches off pro-inflammatory cytokine production in male CD4+ T cells.






Figure 1

Brain inflammation (blue) is more severe in the absence of the testosterone-responsive receptor PPARα.




Androgens are known to shift the balance from pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines to anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines. Thus, a testosterone shot is all it takes to suppress lupus and diabetes symptoms in mice. “The link between androgens and protection against autoimmunity could not be clearer,” says senior author Larry Steinman. “But we still had to figure out how androgens actually instruct T cells to stop attacking the host.”

A good candidate was the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α. Expression of PPAR-α was previously shown to increase in response to testosterone and to be higher in male compared with female hepatocytes. The team now shows that this gender difference extends to T cells and that it affects their inflammatory activities.

The group tested mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the male mice, knocking out PPAR-α increased disease severity and expression of pro-inflammatory IFNγ and TNF by CD4+ T cells. In females, EAE was severe and cytokine production high in both wild-type and PPAR-α knock-outs.

The team showed that PPAR-α suppresses the production of IFNγ and TNF by preventing transcription factors NF-κB and c-Fos from binding to the promoters of these cytokine genes.

Steinman's group is now examining PPAR-α expression in humans. If PPAR-α does show a gender-dependent dichotomy in people, they plan to test a known PPAR-α agonist along with androgen therapy in clinical trials for MS.
Design and implementation of a 1.3 kW, 7-level flying capacitor multilevel AC-DC converter with power factor correction (2017)

This work presents a 1.3 kW, single phase, AC-DC converter with power factor correction based on a 7-level flying capacitor multilevel converter. The topology features a tradeoff of active circuit complexity for dramatic reduction on the magnetic component size, while maintaining a high efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate these features through theoretical analysis as well as a hardware prototype. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the prototype can operate at an universal AC input from 90-230 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> and frequencies from 47-63 Hz with an output voltage of 400 V, achieving a box power density of 1.21 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (19.8 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) and a peak efficiency of 97.6%. This prototype is the first successful demonstration of a 7-level flying capacitor multilevel boost topology as an AC-DC converter with fully implemented digital PFC control and self-powered start-up from a universal AC input.
Introduction (1989)

In recent years the study of International Organisation has produced major innovations in the grand theory of the subject. In the United States of America and Europe scholars have developed and refined — and occasionally abandoned — theories about international integration, about interdependence and about regimes. This, however, has been somewhat at the expense of a concern with the details of how international institutions actually work, particularly with regard to the United Nations’ system. With one or two exceptions, this has meant that discussion of how the machinery has evolved, and its specific faults and advantages, has been detached from larger theoretical or philosophical concerns. Theorists and empiricists have not been on good terms!
Geraniol attenuates virulence factors by inhibiting quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2023)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory tract infections. Geraniol, a chemical component of essential oils, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, along with low toxicity. However, the effect and mechanism of geraniol against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> virulence factors are rarely studied. In this study, we investigated the quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory effects and mechanisms of geraniol against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1, using physiological and biochemical techniques, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and transcriptomics. Geraniol slightly affected <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 growth, prolonged the lag phase, and delayed growth periods in a concentration-dependent manner. Geraniol inhibited three QS systems of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>las</i>, <i>rhl</i>, and <i>pqs</i> by suppressing the expression level of their key genes, including the three signal synthetase encoding genes of <i>lasI</i>, <i>rhlI</i>, and <i>pqsABCDEH</i>, and the corresponding signal receptor encoding genes of <i>lasR</i>, <i>rhlR</i>, and <i>pqsR</i>. Geraniol also suppressed certain virulence genes regulated by these three QS systems, including <i>rhlABC</i>, <i>lasAB</i>, <i>lecAB</i>, <i>phzABMS</i>, and <i>pelABG</i>, resulting in the attenuation of the related virulence factors, rhamnolipids, exoprotease LasA, elastase, lectin, pyocyanin, and biofilm. In conclusion, geraniol can suppress the virulence factors of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 by inhibiting the three QS systems of <i>las</i>, <i>rhl</i>, and <i>pqs</i>. This study is significant for improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.
Flexible Flow Aggregation for Adaptive Network Monitoring (2006)

Network monitoring is a major building block for many domains in communication networks. Besides typical accounting mechanisms and the emerging area of charging in next generation networks, especially network security solutions rely on efficient and optimized monitoring. Network monitoring in high-speed networks is usually based on flow accounting and aggregation techniques represent a necessary enhancement in order to cope with increasing amounts of monitoring data that accrue with the ever-growing network capacities. In this paper, we propose a flexible flow aggregation mechanism that can be directly employed on a monitoring probe to reduce the memory and processing demands. Alternatively, it can work as a concentrator that collects flow data from multiple monitoring probes, combines and aggregates them and forwards the results to an analyzer. We verified and evaluated the aggregation mechanism by integrating it into our monitoring probe Vermont. Our approach opens new prospects for high-speed network monitoring and allows coping with special situations that cannot be treated satisfyingly by traditional flow accounting, such as distributed denial-of-service attacks causing very high numbers of flows. Aggregated flow data are an easy-to-handle form of packet information especially for anomaly detection and accounting issues