gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Wireless Technologies in the 5 GHz Bands: A Survey of Existing Solutions and a Roadmap for Future Research (2018)

As the 2.4 GHz spectrum band has become significantly congested, there is growing interest from the Wi-Fi proponents, cellular operators, and other stakeholders to use the spectrum in the 5 GHz bands. The 5 GHz bands have emerged as the most coveted bands for launching new wireless applications and services, because of their relatively favorable propagation characteristics and the relative abundance of spectrum therein. To meet the exploding demand for more unlicensed spectrum, regulators across the world such as the United States Federal Communications Commission and the European Electronic Communications Committee have recently started considerations for opening up additional spectrum in the 5 GHz bands for use by unlicensed devices. Moreover, to boost cellular network capacity, wireless service providers are considering the deployment of unlicensed long term evaluation (LTE) in the 5 GHz bands. This and other emerging wireless technologies and applications have resulted in likely deployment scenarios where multiple licensed and unlicensed networks operate in overlapping spectrum. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various coexistence scenarios in the 5 GHz bands. In this paper, we discuss coexistence issues between a number of important wireless technologies-viz., LTE and Wi-Fi, radar and Wi-Fi, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) and Wi-Fi, and coexistence among various 802.11 protocols operating in the 5 GHz bands. Additionally, we identify and provide brief discussions on an impending coexistence issue-one between Cellular V2X and DSRC/Wi-Fi. We summarize relevant standardization initiatives, explain existing coexistence solutions, and discuss open research problems.
Use of PCR Analyses To Define the Distribution of <i>Ralstonia</i> Species Recovered from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2005)

Two new PCR assays (for Ralstonia species and Ralstonia respiraculi), together with previously published PCR assays, were used to assess Ralstonia isolates recovered from 111 cystic fibrosis patients. Ralstonia mannitolilytica accounted for 46% of isolates, while R. respiraculi and Ralstonia pickettii accounted for 19% and 18%, respectively. Ralstonia basilensis and Ralstonia metallidurans, species not previously recovered from human samples, were also identified.
Antitumor, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Substituted Pyridylguanidines (2013)

A series of N-pivaloyl-N'-(alkyl/aryl)-N''-pyridylguanidine of general formula C₄H₉CONHC(NR¹R²)NPy have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and in the case of compounds 7 and 11, by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized guanidines were tested for antitumor activities against potato tumor, and showed excellent inhibition against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AT10)-induced tumor. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these new compounds against various bacterial and fungal strains were also investigated.
Laser-assisted structuring and modification of LiCoO 2 thin films (2009)

The material development of improved lithium ion batteries will play an important role in future mobile applications and energy storage systems. Electrode materials made of nano-composited materials are expected to improve battery lifetime and will lead to an enhancement of lithium diffusion and thus improve battery capacity and cyclability. In this study, research was conducted to further improve the electrochemical properties of thin film cathodes by increasing the surface to volume ratio and thereby the lithium intercalation rate. Cathode materials were synthesised by r.f. magnetron sputtering of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> targets in a pure argon plasma. LiCoO<sub>2</sub> films 3 μm thick and with a grain size of 10 to 500 nm were deposited on silicon and stainless steel substrates. The deposition parameters (argon pressure, substrate bias) were varied to create stoichiometric films with controlled nano-crystalline texture and morphology. During laser-assisted surface treatment, cone-shaped periodic surface structures were produced. For this purpose high repetition excimer laser radiation at wavelengths of 193 nm and 248 nm and with short laser pulse widths (4-6 ns) were used. Structure sizes varied with laser and processing parameters, e.g. laser fluences, pulse number, wavelength and processing gas. Laser annealing in air or furnace annealing in a controlled argon/oxygen environment were then used to create the high temperature phase of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (HT-LiCoO<sub>2</sub>). The sputtered films were studied with Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction to determine their stoichiometry and crystallinity before and after laser treatment. The development of HT-LiCoO<sub>2</sub> and also the formation of a Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phase were discussed. By means of electrochemical cycling, the performance of the manufactured films was investigated.
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts (2016)

Well-established cell culture models were combined with new analytical methods to assess the effects of small molecules on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. The analytical protocol, which is based on sterol derivation with the dienolphile PTAD, was found to be reliable for the analysis of 7-DHC and desmosterol. The PTAD method was applied to the screening of a small library of pharmacologically active substances, and the effect of compounds on the cholesterol pathway was determined. Of some 727 compounds, over 30 compounds decreased 7-DHC in Dhcr7-deficient Neuro2a cells. The examination of chemical structures of active molecules in the screen grouped the compounds into distinct categories. In addition to statins, our screen found that SERMs, antifungals, and several antipsychotic medications reduced levels of 7-DHC. The activities of selected compounds were verified in human fibroblasts derived from Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) patients and linked to specific transformations in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
Magnetic recording media prepared by oblique incidence (1981)

Thin films of Fe, Ni, Co and their alloys were prepared on polymer film substrates by the oblique incidence. It was found that the easy axis of the magnetic anisotropy appeared on the film surface along the transverse direction to the plane of incidence appeared for lower incidental angles and that in higher angles (θ > 50°), it rotated into the direction parallel to the plane. The coercivity of thus obtained films increased rapidly around θ = 60°. From measurements of temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy appeared in the film plane, it was concluded that main origin of the anisotropy was the crystalline one.
Kommunikation nach außen (1997)

Auf der Basis der bislang beschriebenen internen Mittel und Methoden ist es möglich, darauf eine effiziente Kommunikation mit den Bedarfsträgern aufzubauen. Es funktioniert auch umgekehrt: Man kann mit der Kommunikation nach außen beginnen und »as learning by doing« die Basiskonzepte in der Realisierung der Maßnahmen entwickeln. Besonders für die letztgenannte Methode eignen sich Maßnahmen aus dem Bereich des Direktmarketings.
Understanding and combating link farming in the twitter social network (2012)

Recently, Twitter has emerged as a popular platform for discovering real-time information on the Web, such as news stories and people's reaction to them. Like the Web, Twitter has become a target for link farming, where users, especially spammers, try to acquire large numbers of follower links in the social network. Acquiring followers not only increases the size of a user's direct audience, but also contributes to the perceived influence of the user, which in turn impacts the ranking of the user's tweets by search engines.
Metabolic Stabilization of Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Rapsyn (1999)

Although the metabolic half-life of muscle endplate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) changes during development and after denervation in the adult, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that influence receptor stability. We have investigated the effect on AChR turnover of its interaction with rapsyn, a 43 kDa peripheral membrane protein that is closely associated with the AChR in muscle cells and is required for its clustering at endplates. Both in transfected COS cells and in cultured myotubes from rapsyn-negative and rapsyn-positive mice, we have found that the presence of rapsyn slows the turnover of AChRs by as much as twofold. The effect was similar for both embryonic (alpha2betadeltagamma) and adult (alpha2betadeltaepsilon) AChRs and for AChRs whose beta subunit lacked a putative tyrosine phosphorylation site. Neither colchicine nor cytochalasin D altered AChR turnover or prevented the rapsyn effect. Mutant rapsyn proteins whose N-terminal myristoylation signal was eliminated, or whose C terminus or zinc-finger domains were deleted, failed to change the rate of receptor turnover. Each of these mutations affects the association of the AChR with rapsyn, suggesting that AChR stability is altered by interaction between the two proteins. Our results suggest that, in addition to its role in AChR clustering, rapsyn also functions to metabolically stabilize the AChR.
β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Body Composition and Myofiber Dimensions in Mice during Normal Physical Conditioning Not during Catabolic Conditions (2011)

Lean mass (LM) decreases in soldiers due to the arduous training performed in garrison and during combat operations. We investigated the impact of HMB on myofiber dimensions and body composition during normal training vs. catabolic conditions in male C57BL/6 mice. Sixty one mice underwent a 4-wk run-in-phase to simulate basic combat training and were then divided into 4 groups (n=10/group): AL=ad lib fed+exercise (1h/d for 3d/wk), ALH=AL+HMB (0.5 g/kg BW/day), C=caloric restricted (−30% of ad lib groups)+exercise (2 km/d, 6d/wk) and CH=C+HMB to simulate 6 wks of normal and catabolic conditions in soldiers. We utilized dual x-ray absorptiometry [LM and fat mass (FM)] and magnetic resonance (myofiber dimensions) pre- and post-experiment. ALH exhibited a greater LM compared to all other groups. LM in ALH was greater (+17%) than AL at post. LM in C was greater (+21%) than CH at post. FM increased in AL (+25% vs pre). FM in the ALH was lower (−11%) than AL at post. FM decreased in both the C (−56%) and CH (−38%) from pre. There was an increase in fractional anisotropy (+44% vs pre) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, +11% vs pre) in AL. ADC also increased (+11%) in C. While ALH showed no change in a myofiber cross sectional area (λ3), AL decreased in λ3 (−30%) from pre. Our in vivo analyses reveal that HMB improves body composition and myofiber dimensions in mice during normal physical conditioning but not catabolic conditions.
Synthesis of Novel Cationic Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Containing Lipids (1999)

In this paper, the synthesis of novel divalent cationic lipids with poly(ethylene glycol) segments is described. The lipids consist of an unsaturated double-chain hydrophobic moiety based on 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, attached to a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) spacer which contains a divalent cationic end group. As poly(ethylene glycol) spacers monodisperse triethylene glycol and telechelic poly(ethylene glycol)s with an average degree of polymerization of 9, 23, and 45 were used. The divalent cationic end group was attached by coupling a protected dibasic amino acid to the PEG spacer and following cleavage of the protecting groups. These novel class of cationic lipids is of particular interest for nonviral gene delivery applications.
One‐Dimensional Plasmon Coupling by Facile Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles into Branched Chain Networks (2005)

Short chains and complex networks of interconnected Au nanoparticle chains (see Figure) are produced by a simple template-free approach. Optical spectroscopy and computer simulations show that surface plasmons from individual non-contacting nanoparticles are strongly coupled in the resulting 1D superstructures. These chains may provide a unique way to fabricate complex subwavelength optical waveguides.
Development of Lean Model for House Construction Using Value Stream Mapping (2009)

Lean construction has recently attracted considerable attention in the home building industry. Lengthy delivery time and significant waste in the construction process have caused many home builders to seek a more effective production model that will increase process reliability, reduce total lead time, and improve quality. However, although housing construction provides the closest analogy to manufacturing, a high level of variability prevents the direct transplantation of lean paradigm and techniques. In collaboration with a local home builder, a systematic approach based on value stream mapping technique is developed in this research to analyze the current process and to formulate a lean production model. The model has four main features: synchronized first-in, first-out lane-based flow, production leveling at pacemaker, work restructuring, and improved operation reliability. A simulation template is built to verify the model and to assist in the development of interim implementation models. This paper presents data collection and value stream selection, current practice analysis, and specific changes proposed for the lean production model.
Grape Exosome-like Nanoparticles Induce Intestinal Stem Cells and Protect Mice From DSS-Induced Colitis (2013)

Food-derived exosome-like nanoparticles pass through the intestinal tract throughout our lives, but little is known about their impact or function. Here, as a proof of concept, we show that the cells targeted by grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) are intestinal stem cells whose responses underlie the GELN-mediated intestinal tissue remodeling and protection against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. This finding is further supported by the fact that coculturing of crypt or sorted Lgr5⁺ stem cells with GELNs markedly improved organoid formation. GELN lipids play a role in induction of Lgr5⁺ stem cells, and the liposome-like nanoparticles (LLNs) assembled with lipids from GELNs are required for in vivo targeting of intestinal stem cells. Blocking β-catenin-mediated signaling pathways of GELN recipient cells attenuates the production of Lgr5⁺ stem cells. Thus, GELNs not only modulate intestinal tissue renewal processes, but can participate in the remodeling of it in response to pathological triggers.
Re‐evaluation and functional classification of non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human ATP‐binding cassette transporter <i>ABCG2</i> (2006)

Impacts of genetic polymorphisms of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter BCRP/MXR1/ABCP (ABCG2) on drug response have been implicated; however, the hitherto reported data involve some inconsistencies. To re-evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ABCG2 in vitro, we created a total of seven variant cDNAs (V12M, Q141K, F208S, S248P, F431L, S441N and F489L) by site-directed mutagenesis and stably expressed each of them in Flp-In-293 cells using the Flp recombinase system. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping analysis revealed that one single copy of ABCG2 cDNA was incorporated into the telomeric region of chromosome 12p. It was proven that mRNAs of those integrated ABCG2 variants were expressed evenly in Flp-In-293 cells. However, the protein expression levels varied among those variants. In particular, expression of the F208S and S441N variants was markedly low, suggesting the instability of these variant proteins. Drug resistance profiles of Flp-In-293 cells expressing two major SNP variants (V12M and Q141K) toward the drug SN-38 demonstrated that the IC50 value (drug concentrations producing a 50% reduction of cell growth) for Q141K was approximately 50% of that for wild type. The contributions of the minor SNP variants (F208S, S248P, F431L, S441N and F489L) to drug resistance toward SN-38, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, daunorubicin or etoposide were significantly lower than wild type. Based on our functional validation, the above-mentioned non-synonymous polymorphisms as well as acquired mutants (R482G and R482T) of ABCG2 were classified into four groups. Furthermore, new camptothecin analogs synthesized by our research group had potent effects in circumventing ABCG2-mediated drug resistance without any influence from major non-synonymous polymorphisms.
The invisibility of Black and Latina women in sexual health care: shifting from biological individualism to intersectionality (2022)

Black and Latinx women have long endured racist healthcare practices and policies that influence their sexual health outcomes. Despite having increased health care access, Black and Latina women continue to have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections compared to their white counterparts. We utilised Critical Race Theory to examine the myriad ways in which Black and Latina women and their unmet needs may be invisible to healthcare providers and to better understand the compounding factors that may affect Black and Latina women's engagement with sexual health services. Eighteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare providers, administrators and policy advocates working to address sexual health needs of Black and Latina women in California. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Two primary themes and subthemes were developed during our analysis. Within the healthcare system there is a lack of recognition of (1) intersectional identities of Black and Latina women, including intersectional oppressions and systemic vulnerabilities; and (2) structural barriers that mediate their sexual health treatment engagement. Recognition of intersectional identities and addressing structural barriers can potentially improve the sexual health of Black and Latina women and support efforts to address disparities in sexual health care.
Study of Pyridine‐Mediated Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methanol at High CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure (2016)

The recently proposed highly efficient route of pyridine-catalyzed CO2 reduction to methanol was explored on platinum electrodes at high CO2 pressure. At 55 bar (5.5 MPa) of CO2 , the bulk electrolysis in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes resulted in methanol production with Faradaic yields of up to 10 % for the first 5-10 C cm(-2) of charge passed. For longer electrolysis, the methanol concentration failed to increase proportionally and was limited to sub-ppm levels irrespective of biasing conditions and pyridine concentration. This limitation cannot be removed by electrode reactivation and/or pre-electrolysis and appears to be an inherent feature of the reduction process. In agreement with bulk electrolysis findings, the CV analysis supported by simulation indicated that hydrogen evolution is still the dominant electrode reaction in pyridine-containing electrolyte solution, even with an excess CO2 concentration in the solution. No prominent contribution from either a direct or coupled CO2 reduction was found. The results obtained suggest that the reduction of CO2 to methanol is a transient process that is largely decoupled from the electrode charge transfer.
A trend estimation algorithm for singing pitch detection in musical recordings (2011)

Detecting pitch values for singing voice in the presence of music accompaniment is challenging but useful for many applications. We propose a trend estimation algorithm to detect the pitch ranges of a singing voice in each time frame. The detected trend substantially reduces the difficulty of singing pitch detection by reducing a large number of wrong pitch candidates either produced by musical instruments or the overtones of the singing voice. The proposed algorithm can be applied to improve the performance of singing pitch detection. Quantitative evaluations show that proposed trend estimation improves an existing algorithm significantly. The results from the MIREX 2010 competition show that our system achieves the best overall raw-pitch accuracy for vocal songs.
Why Chain Length of Hyaluronan in Eye Drops Matters (2020)

The chain length of hyaluronan (HA) determines its physical as well as its physiological properties. Results of clinical research on HA eye drops are not comparable without this parameter. In this article methods for the assessment of the average molecular weight of HA in eye drops and a terminology for molecular weight ranges are proposed. The classification of HA eye drops according to their zero shear viscosity and viscosity at 1000 s<sup>-1</sup> shear rate is presented. Based on the gradient of mucin MUC5AC concentration within the mucoaqueous layer of the tear film a hypothesis on the consequences of this gradient on the rheological properties of the tear film is provided. The mucoadhesive properties of HA and their dependence on chain length are explained. The ability of HA to bind to receptors on the ocular epithelial cells, and in particular the potential consequences of the interaction between HA and the receptor HARE, responsible for HA endocytosis by corneal epithelial cells is discussed. The physiological function of HA in the framework of ocular surface homeostasis and wound healing are outlined, and the influence of the chain length of HA on the clinical performance of HA eye drops is illustrated. The use of very high molecular weight HA (hylan A) eye drops as drug vehicle for the next generation of ophthalmic drugs with minimized side effects is proposed and its advantages elucidated. Consequences of the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface disease are discussed.
Breast-feeding and return to fertility: Clinical evidence from Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand (1990)

The author reports on studies of the relationship between breast-feeding and fertility in Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand. "The accumulated evidence suggests that during the first six months of unsupplemented breast-feeding, if the mother remains amenorrheic, then the breast-feeding stimulus is usually sufficient to postpone the recovery of fertility. Breast-feeding frequency alone is not a useful measure of the breast-feeding stimulus in terms of its ability to predict the return of menses or ovulation."
Frustrating the user on purpose: a step toward building an affective computer (2002)

Journal Article Frustrating the user on purpose: a step toward building an affective computer Get access Jocelyn Scheirer, Jocelyn Scheirer ∗ aMIT Media Laboratory, Room E15-383, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA ∗Corresponding author Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Raul Fernandez, Raul Fernandez aMIT Media Laboratory, Room E15-383, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jonathan Klein, Jonathan Klein biRobot Corporation, 22 McGrath Highway, Suite 6, Twin City Office Center, Somerville, MA 02143, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rosalind W Picard Rosalind W Picard aMIT Media Laboratory, Room E15-383, 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 14, Issue 2, February 2002, Pages 93–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(01)00059-5 Published: 01 February 2002