gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BER floors due to heterodyne coherent crosstalk in space photonic switches for WDM networks (1996)

The occurrence of bit-error-rate floors due to coherent heterodyne crosstalk in photonic space switches is studied. This source of errors occurs when a particular switch is used to route signals of nominally the same wavelength in a WDM network, DFB lasers are run at multigigabit rates, and wavelength referencing is held to a relatively tight tolerance to facilitate wavelength demultiplexing. In this letter we compare the dependence of switch architecture and size on the rate of coherently induced bit errors. Three regions of interest are identified: (1) random uniformly distributed laser phases with binomially distributed bit statistics in interfering channels, (2) random uniformly distributed laser phases with ones in interfering channels, and (3) worst-case laser phases with ones in interfering channels. Critical crosstalk values are identified for four different switch architectures and two different switch sizes in order to avoid coherently induced errors and therefore BER floors due to this mechanism. The minimum crosstalk required to avoid coherent errors can vary from -10 dB to -42 dB depending on the switch architecture, size, and requirement for short-term BER stability.
Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid Using a Poly(l-lysine)/Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode (2016)

A novel, simple and selective electrochemical method was investigated for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) on a poly(l-lysine)/graphene oxide (GO) modified glassy carbon electrode (PLL/GO/GCE) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemically prepared PLL/GO sensory platform toward the oxidation of UA and DA exhibited several advantages, including high effective surface area, more active sites and enhanced electrochemical activity. Compared to the PLL-modified GCE (PLL/GCE), GO-modified GCE and bare GCE, the PLL/GO/GCE exhibited an increase in the anodic potential difference and a remarkable enhancement in the current responses for both UA and DA. For the simultaneous detection of DA and UA, the detection limits of 0.021 and 0.074 μM were obtained, while 0.031 and 0.018 μM were obtained as the detection limits for the selective detection of UA and DA, using DPV in the linear concentration ranges of 0.5 to 20.0 and 0.5 to 35 μM, respectively. In addition, the PLL/GO/GCE demonstrated good reproducibility, long-term stability, excellent selectivity and negligible interference of ascorbic acid (AA). The proposed modified electrode was successfully implemented in the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human blood serum, urine and dopamine hydrochloride injection with satisfactory results.
Benzoxazoles as Transthyretin Amyloid Fibril Inhibitors: Synthesis, Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action (2003)

Fester Zusammenhalt: Wirkstoffe auf Benzoxazol-Basis zählen zu den effektivsten Inhibitoren der Bildung von Amyloidfibrillen aus Transthyretin (TTR). Zum einen stabilisieren sie TTR gegen Fehlfaltungen infolge Säureeinwirkung, zum anderen vergrößern sie die Aktivierungsbarriere für die Dissoziation der TTR-Tetramere, den geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt der Amyloidbildung. Unser Bild zeigt die Struktur eines Komplexes von TTR mit einem Benzoxazolinhibitor im Kristall.
Power-Aware Tuning of Dynamic Memory Management for Embedded Real-Time Multimedia Applications (2004)

In the near future, portable embedded devices must run multimedia applications with enormous computational requirements at low energy consumption. These applications demand extensive memory footprint and must rely on dynamic memory due to the unpredictability of input data (e.g. 3D streams features) and system behaviour (e.g. variable number of applications running concurrently). Within this context, the dynamic memory subsystem is one of the main sources of power consumption and embedded systems have very limited batteries to provide efficient general-purpose dynamic memory management. As a result, consistent design methodologies that can efficiently tackle the complex dynamic memory behaviour of these new applications for low power embedded systems are in great need. In this paper we propose a step-wise system-level approach that allows the design of platform-specific dynamic memory management mechanisms with low power consumption for such kind of dynamic applications. The experimental results in reallife case studies show that our approach improves power consumption up to 89% over current state-of-the-art dynamic memory managers for complex applications.
Ohmyungsamycins promote antimicrobial responses through autophagy activation via AMP-activated protein kinase pathway (2017)

The induction of host cell autophagy by various autophagy inducers contributes to the antimicrobial host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a major pathogenic strain that causes human tuberculosis. In this study, we present a role for the newly identified cyclic peptides ohmyungsamycins (OMS) A and B in the antimicrobial responses against Mtb infections by activating autophagy in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). OMS robustly activated autophagy, which was essentially required for the colocalization of LC3 autophagosomes with bacterial phagosomes and antimicrobial responses against Mtb in BMDMs. Using a Drosophila melanogaster-Mycobacterium marinum infection model, we showed that OMS-A-induced autophagy contributed to the increased survival of infected flies and the limitation of bacterial load. We further showed that OMS triggered AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which was required for OMS-mediated phagosome maturation and antimicrobial responses against Mtb. Moreover, treating BMDMs with OMS led to dose-dependent inhibition of macrophage inflammatory responses, which was also dependent on AMPK activation. Collectively, these data show that OMS is a promising candidate for new anti-mycobacterial therapeutics by activating antibacterial autophagy via AMPK-dependent signaling and suppressing excessive inflammation during Mtb infections.
Power MOSFET temperature measurements (1982)

Three temperature-sensitive electrical parameters are compared as thermometers for power MOSFET devices. The parameters are the forward drain-body diode voltage, the source-gate voltage, and the on-resistance. The results are also compared with temperatures measured with an infrared microradiometer. The procedure, apparatus, and circuits required to use each of the parameters as a thermometer are described. Some general considerations for measuring the temperature of power semiconductor devices are also discussed. Each parameter is found to be satisfactory for measuring the temperature of power MOSFETs. The sourcegate voltage measures a temperature nearest to the peak device temperature, and the drain-body diode voltage shows the least variation in calbiration from device to device.
Optimal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus sequences restricted by H-2Db major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1995)

Infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induces the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In the H-2b mouse, this cellular immune response is directed against three viral structural epitopes (GP1, GP2, and NP) presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I H-2Db molecules. This study was undertaken to delineate which sequence of each of these three epitopes is optimal for MHC binding and CTL recognition. The first step was to synthesize the relevant peptides truncated at the N or C terminus and flanking the crucial H-2Db-anchoring Asn residue in position 5. These peptides were then tested (i) for their binding properties in two H-2Db-specific assays with viable cells (upregulation of H-2Db expression on the surface of RMA-S cells and competition against the Db-restricted peptide 125I-gp276-286 on T2-Db cells) and (ii) for their abilities to sensitize H-2b target cells for CTL lysis in vitro. For optimal antigenic presentation, all three epitopes required the MHC-anchoring Asn residue at position 5 of their sequences. The results clearly and unambiguously delineated optimal lengths for two of the epitopes and two options for the third. NP appeared as a conventional 9-amino-acid (aa)-long peptide, np396-404 (FQPQNGQFI). GP2 was defined as a longer peptide (11 aa), gp276-286 (SGVENPGGYCL). Characterization of the GP1 epitope was more complex: the 9-aa-long peptide gp33-41 (KAVYNFATC) and the carboxyl-extended 11-aa-long peptide gp33-43 (KAVYN FATCGI) were both established as possible optimal sequences depending on the cell line used to test binding and lysis.
A local and scalable lattice renormalization method for ballistic quantum computation (2018)

A recent proposal has shown that it is possible to perform linear-optics quantum computation using a ballistic generation of the lattice. Yet, due to the probabilistic generation of its cluster state, it is not possible to use the fault-tolerant Raussendorf lattice, which requires a lower failure rate during the entanglement-generation process. Previous work in this area showed proof-of-principle linear-optics quantum computation, while this paper presents an approach to it which is more practical, satisfying several key constraints. We develop a classical measurement scheme that purifies a large faulty lattice to a smaller lattice with entanglement faults below threshold. A single application of this method can reduce the entanglement error rate to 7% for an input failure rate of 25%. Thus, we can show that it is possible to achieve fault tolerance for ballistic methods.
Molecular beam epitaxial GaAs/Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As p-channel field-effect transistors on (1991)

P-channel and n-channel heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) have been simultaneously fabricated by one-step molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si-doped Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As/GaAs heterostructures on patterned
Concentration levels of IL-10 and TNF<i>α</i>cytokines in patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA<sup>+</sup>and DNA<sup>−</sup>cervical lesions (2012)

The present study was performed to assess the immune response in women with human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA⁺ and DNA⁻ cervical lesions. Eighty women with cervical lesions (age range = 25-70 years) and 20 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in the study. Lesions were cytologically classified into four groups: ASC-US (20), CINI (30), CINII-III (16), and cervical carcinoma (14) prior to HPV DNA detection. Estimation of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in cervical secretions and serum of the studied patients was performed utilizing ELISA. PCR screening kits were used to detect HPV DNA in cervical smears obtained from the studied cases with the different lesions. IL-10 levels in cervical secretions of HPV DNA⁺ were significantly greater than those from DNA⁻ patients (i.e., 88.73 vs 24.00 pg/ml) and from controls (i.e., 88.73 vs 8.27 pg/ml) and the levels were higher in DNA⁻ patients than in controls (i.e., 24.00 vs 8.27 pg/ml). In comparison, serum IL-10 levels in these patients did not significantly differ from control values (i.e., 13.69 vs 12.16 vs 9.99 pg/ml, respectively). TNFα levels in cervical secretions of the HPV DNA⁺ and DNA⁻ cases did not significantly differ from values for the controls (i.e., 12.18 vs 9.90 vs 7.90 pg/ml, respectively). Serum TNFα of these patients also did not differ significantly from controls (i.e., 11.59 vs 11.90 vs 10.83 pg/ml, respectively). The detected levels of IL-10 in cervical secretions of patients with HPV DNA⁺ lesions was significantly higher than in their sera, while secretion TNFα levels were nominally greater than sera values. Lastly, higher levels of IL-10 were observed in secretions of 10-14 (71.4%) patients who had progressive cervical lesions (HSIL and cervical cancer stages) who were HPV DNA⁺ than observed in 20 of 66 (30.0%) of DNA⁻ patients with similar progressive lesions. In general, the higher levels of IL-10 than of TNFα suggested a potential down-modulation of tumor-specific immune responses to HPV-infected lesions. This phenomenon appears to provide a tumor 'progressive' microenvironment in these particular patients.
A Note on the Use of Residuals for Detecting an Outlier in Linear Regression (1982)

Consider the usual linear regression model y = Xβ +ε, where the vector ε has E(ε) = 0, cov (ε) = σ2V, where V is known. Let e = y-ŷ be the least squares residual vector. It is shown that a test based on the transformed residual vector d* = V−1e has, in the class of linear transformations of e, certain optimal power properties for detecting the presence of a single outlier when the label of the outlier observation is unknown. The outlier model considered here is that of shift in location.
3DRegNet: A Deep Neural Network for 3D Point Registration (2020)

We present 3DRegNet, a novel deep learning architecture for the registration of 3D scans. Given a set of 3D point correspondences, we build a deep neural network to address the following two challenges: (i) classification of the point correspondences into inliers/outliers, and (ii) regression of the motion parameters that align the scans into a common reference frame. With regard to regression, we present two alternative approaches: (i) a Deep Neural Network (DNN) registration and (ii) a Procrustes approach using SVD to estimate the transformation. Our correspondence-based approach achieves a higher speedup compared to competing baselines. We further propose the use of a refinement network, which consists of a smaller 3DRegNet as a refinement to improve the accuracy of the registration. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets demonstrate that we outperform other methods and achieve state-of-the-art results.
Checking delay-insensitivity: 10/sup 4/ gates and beyond (2004)

Wire and gate delays are accounted to have equal, or nearly equal, effect on circuit behavior in modern design techniques. This paper introduces a new approach to verifying circuits whose behavior is independent of component delays (delay-insensitive). It shows that for a particular way of implementing a delay-insensitive circuit, through a Null Convention Logic methodology, the complexity of the verification task might be significantly reduced. This method is implemented using Satisfiability (SAT) solvers and is successfully tested on realistic design examples having tens of thousands of gates.
Targeting Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-δ with Theophylline Reverses Corticosteroid Insensitivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2010)

Inhibition of oxidative stress dependent PI3K-δ activation by a selective inhibitor or theophylline provides a novel approach to reversing corticosteroid insensitivity in COPD.
SINTESIS BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI BIJI ALPUKAT DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI KITOSAN (2021)

Penelitian bioplastik dari pati biji alpukat telah berhasil dilaksanakan, hal ini dilakukan tidak lain adalah untuk berkontribusi dalam usaha meminimasi masalah tumpukan limbah plastik sintetik. Biji alpukat dapat dijadikan sebagai prekursor bioplastik karena kandungan patinya yang cukup tinggi. Bioplastik berbahan dasar pati alpukat memberikan karakteristik mekanik yang rendah sehingga perlu ditambah kitosan dan gliserol sebagai penguat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari komposisi optimal terhadap kualitas bioplastik dari pati biji alpukat. Pelarut yang digunakan pada pembuatan bioplastik kitosan yaitu asam asetat 1% serta plasticizer gliserol sebanyak 7 ml dan 10 ml. Penelitian ini terdiri dari ekstraksi pati biji alpukat beserta karakterisasinya, pembuatan bioplastik, uji mekanik, uji daya serap air, dan uji biodegradasi. Nilai kuat tarik bioplastik paling tinggi adalah 4,00 Mpa, didapat pada sampel BPS 10 dengan komposisi kitosan 2,5 gr dan volume gliserol 10 ml. Untuk nilai persen pemanjangan (elongasi) terbaik didapat pada sampel BPS 6 yaitu sebesar 54,5% juga dengan komposisi kitosan 0,5 gr dan volume gliserol 10 ml. Kuat tarik berbanding terbalik dengan persen pemanjangan. Hasil yang didapat dari indeks swelling yang terbaik terdapat pada sampel BPS 6 yaitu sebesar 10,32% dengan komposisi kitosan 0,5 gr dan volume gliserol 10 ml. Proses penguraian bioplastik sampai dengan 100% membutuhkan waktu degradasi selama 16 hari.Kata kunci:Bioplastik, biji alpukat, biodegradabel, Kitosan.
Annealed optical fibre mode scrambler (2001)

A mode scrambler based on an annealed step-index fibre is shown to have reproducible performance and source-launch-alignment insensitivity. Devitrification produces scattering centres in the fibre that distribute light uniformly over both angle and radius. An all-fibre mode scrambler with a 10 cm length and an insertion loss < 3.5 dB is demonstrated.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Selenium Nanospheres by Bacterial Strain JS-11 and Its Role as a Biosensor for Nanotoxicity Assessment: A Novel Se-Bioassay (2013)

Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were synthesized by green technology using the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JS-11. The bacteria exhibited significant tolerance to selenite (SeO3(2-)) up to 100 mM concentration with an EC50 value of 140 mM. The spent medium (culture supernatant) contains the potential of reducing soluble and colorless SeO3(2-) to insoluble red elemental selenium (Se(0)) at 37°C. Characterization of red Se° product by use of UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) analysis revealed the presence of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) of an average size of 21 nm. Most likely, the metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) released by strain JS-11 in culture supernatant along with the known redox agents like NADH and NADH dependent reductases are responsible for biomimetic reduction of SeO3(2-) to Se° nanospheres. Based on the bioreduction of a colorless solution of SeO3(2-) to elemental red Se(0), a high throughput colorimetric bioassay (Se-Assay) was developed for parallel detection and quantification of nanoparticles (NPs) cytotoxicity in a 96 well format. Thus, it has been concluded that the reducing power of the culture supernatant of strain JS-11 could be effectively exploited for developing a simple and environmental friendly method of Se-NPs synthesis. The results elucidated that the red colored Se° nanospheres may serve as a biosensor for nanotoxicity assessment, contemplating the inhibition of SeO3(2-) bioreduction process in NPs treated bacterial cell culture supernatant, as a toxicity end point.
Performance Comparison of OTDM and OBS Scheduling for Agile All-Photonic Network (2005)

The Agile All Photonic Network (AAPN) is a high speed transparent agile optical transport network. A key issue in these all photonic networks is the distributed scheduling method employed at the edge nodes and the manner of co-ordination with the core switching state. In this paper we compare several classes of resource sharing methods. Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and two classes of Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) referred to as statistical Slot by Slot and deterministic frame based OTDM are investigated. Performance results obtained by simulation show that the OTDM schemes compare favourably with OBS in terms of packet loss and bandwidth utilization while keeping packet delay sufficiently low to meet real time QoS requirements. Slot by Slot scheduling is suitable for MANs while frame based TDM schemes with signalling is appropriate for either WAN or MAN applications.
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (2012)

About the Authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Note to the Student. Chapter 1. Organization of the Human Body. Chapter 2. Introductory Chemistry. Chapter 3. Cells. Chapter 4. Tissues. Chapter 5. The Integumentary System. Chapter 6. The Skeletal System. Chapter 7. Joints. Chapter 8 . The Muscular System. Chapter 9. Nervous Tissue. Chapter 10. Central Nervous System, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves. Chapter 11. Autonomic Nervous System. Chapter 12. Somatic Senses and Special Senses. Chapter 13. The Endocrine System. Chapter 14. The Cardiovascular System: Blood. Chapter 15. The Cardiovascular System: Heart. Chapter 16. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation. Chapter 17. The Lymphatic System and Immunity. Chapter 18. The Respiratory System. Chapter 19. The Digestive System. Chapter 20. Nutrition and Metabolism. Chapter 21. The Urinary System. Chapter 22. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance. Chapter 23. The Reproductive Systems. Chapter 24. Development and Inheritance. Answers to Self-Quizzes and Critical Thinking Applications. Glossary. Credits. Index.
Reliability of provocative tests to assess growth hormone secretory status. Study in 472 normally growing children. (1996)

The reliability of provocative stimuli of GH secretion in the diagnosis of GH deficiency is still controversial. Until now, normative values of GH response to various stimuli have not been established properly. In 472 children and adolescents with normal stature (n = 295, height SDS range -1.5 to 1.2) or normal short stature (n = 177, height SDS range -3.7 to -1.8), we studied the GH response to physical exercise, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, arginine (ARG), clonidine, levodopa, glucagon, pyridostigmine (PD), GHRH, PD + GHRH, and ARG + GHRH. The peak GH responses (range) to various stimuli were: 1) physical exercise: 3.0-28.3 micrograms/L; 2) insulin-induced hypoglycemia: 2.7-46.4 micrograms/L; 3) ARG: 0.5-48.4 micrograms/L; 4) clonidine: 3.8-86.0 micrograms/L; 5) levodopa: 1.9-40.0 micrograms/L; 6) glucagon: 1.9-49.5 micrograms/L; 7) PD: 2.5-35.0 micrograms/L; 8) GHRH: 2.7-102.7 micrograms/L; 9)PD + GHRH: 19.6-106.0 micrograms/L; and 10) ARG + GHRH: 19.4-120.0 micrograms/L. Our results show that all conventional stimuli of GH secretion frequently failed to increase GH levels, showing values lower than that arbitrarily assumed, so far, as minimum normal GH peak, i.e. 7 or 10 micrograms/L. When combined with PD or ARG (substances inhibiting hypothalamic somatostatin release), GHRH becomes the most powerful test to explore the secretory capacity of somatotrope cells (the GH response being always higher than 19 micrograms/L). Therefore, only GHRH combined with PD or ARG may be able to clearly differentiate normal children from patients with GH deficiency, though a normal GH response to these tests cannot rule out the existence of GH hyposecretory state because of hypothalamic dysfunction.
The environmental cost of animal source foods (2018)

We reviewed 148 assessments of animal source food ( ASF ) production for livestock, aquaculture, and capture fisheries that measured four metrics of environmental impact (energy use, greenhouse‐gas emissions, release of nutrients, and acidifying compounds) and standardized these per unit of protein production. We also examined additional literature on freshwater demand, pesticide use, and antibiotic use. There are up to 100‐fold differences in impacts between specific products and, in some cases, for the same product, depending on the production method being used. The lowest impact production methods were small pelagic fisheries and mollusk aquaculture, whereas the highest impact production methods were beef production and catfish aquaculture. Many production methods have not been evaluated, limiting our analysis to the range of studies that have been published. Regulatory restrictions on ASF production methods, as well as consumer guidance, should consider the relative environmental impact of these systems, since, currently, there appears to be little relationship between regulatory restrictions and impact in most developed countries.