gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Two High Mobility Group Protein Genes for Growth and Composition traits in Pig (2002)

Using information from the human genome two new candidate genes for growth and composition traits were studied. The porcine high mobility group isoforms protein [HMGI(Y) and HMGIC] genes were chosen based on their presumed role in fat cell growth and differentiation. The HMGI(Y) gene was assigned to pig chromosome 7 by both linkage and physical mapping methods. This assignment agrees with other comparative mapping studies as the human HMGI(Y) gene maps to human chromosome 6p21, which is known to share a homology with pig chromosome 7. Interestingly, the pig HMGIC gene was assigned to the pig chromosome 1 by both methods. The localization of these candidate genes in the pig genome could improve the power of analyses for quantitative traits associated with growth and meat quality traits.
Isolation and Characterization of Root‐Specific Phosphate Transporter Promoters from <i>Medicago truncatula</i> (2006)

Promoters of phosphate transporter genes MtPT1 and MtPT2 of Medicago truncatula were isolated by utilizing the gene-space sequence information and by screening of a genomic library, respectively. Two reporter genes, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were placed under the control of the MtPT1 and MtPT2 promoters. These chimeric transgenes were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana and transgenic roots of M. truncatula, and expression patterns of the reporter genes were assayed in plants grown under different phosphate (Pi) concentrations. The expression of GUS and GFP was only observed in root tissues, and the levels of expression decreased with increasing concentrations of Pi. GUS activities in roots of transgenic plants decreased 10-fold when the plants were transferred from 10 microM to 2 mM Pi conditions, however, when the plants were transferred back to 10 microM Pi conditions, GUS expression reversed back to the original level. The two promoters lead to different expression patterns inside root tissues. The MtPT1 promoter leads to preferential expression in root epidermal and cortex cells, while MtPT2 promoter results in strong expression in the vascular cylinder in the center of roots. Promoter deletion analyses revealed possible sequences involved in root specificity and Pi responsiveness. The promoters are valuable tools for defined engineering of plants, particularly for root-specific expression of transgenes.
Electromagnetic Position Measurement System Immune to Ferromagnetic Disturbances (2019)

This paper develops an electromagnet-based position measurement system for industrial actuators which offers significant advantages compared with traditional position measurement systems. These advantages include low cost, non-contacting operation, easy installation, and robustness to magnetic disturbances. In the first embodiment of the sensor, the electromagnet is located on the stationary actuator housing while the sensor is mounted on the actuator's moving piston rod. This requires power to be supplied to the electronics on a moving object, and therefore a second embodiment that eliminates this disadvantage is developed. The second embodiment locates both the electromagnet and the powered sensor on the stationary housing. A mu-metal film of high magnetic permeability is located on the moving piston. Due to its high magnetic permeability, a significant fraction of the magnetic field measured by the sensor is coupled through the piston of the actuator. Hence, as the piston position changes, the magnetic field measured by the sensor changes. This leads to an excellent position measurement system with high sensitivity. The experimental results show that the second position sensor embodiment can provide 1% accuracy in position measurement, can reject the influence of disturbances from magnetic objects and can measure positions for stroke lengths up to 20 cm. Longer stroke lengths can be handled using additional daisy-chained sensors.
Measurement of Inter-Sweep Phase Stability of an FDML Laser with a 10 kHz Tunable Ring Laser (2019)

Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML) lasers are light sources that generate a sequence of narrowband optical frequency sweeps at the fundamental or harmonic of the cavity repetition rate. This frequency swept output can also be considered as a sequence of strongly chirped, long pulses. FDML lasers are mainly used in swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), a medical imaging technique. The coherence length of the source, i.e. the intra-sweep phase stability of an FDML sweep, is decisive for the image quality and performance of OCT imaging.
Micromachined Radial Thermoelectric Modules for Power Generation Using Hot Gas Streams (2011)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon-micromachined thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules (13-mm diameter and 0.36 mm thick) for power generation from hot gas streams. Individual TEG modules consist of radially oriented thermoelements on a thermally insulating annular polyimide layer spanning between inner and outer silicon fin structures. Hot gas flows through a center orifice, establishing a radial thermal gradient across the thermopile, thus generating an output voltage. The concept is demonstrated using thin-film metal thermoelements, where, for a 195°C gas stream, an open-circuit voltage of 80 mV is generated and 0.8 μW of power (0.02 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density) is delivered to a 2-kΩ resistive load. Analytic thermal and electrical models are presented and shown to match well the experimental thermal and electrical measurements. This paper serves as a stepping stone toward the development of superior-performing TEG modules using semiconductor thermoelements.
Oestrogen relaxes human epicardial coronary arteries through non-endothelium-dependent mechanisms (1995)

Oestradiol-17 beta-induced coronary relaxation may play an important role in regulation of coronary tone, and may partly explain why oestrogen improves myocardial ischemia in women and why it protects postmenopausal women from the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Differential trellis decoding of convolutional codes (2000)

This paper investigates the principle of metric differences for trellis decoding of convolutional codes. Based on this differential method, a new algorithm, referred to as differential trellis decoding (DTD), is proposed. DTD offers an alternative to the conventional "add-compare-select" (ACS) method for implementing the Viterbi algorithm.
Sinogram-based attenuation correction in PET/CT (2016)

In a typical positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) system, the attenuation correction is necessary for PET image reconstruction, which involves a transformation from the CT Hounsfield units (HU) to its linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at 511 keV. This transformation is usually aided by an empirical bilinear function, followed by the forward projection of the transformed attenuation image. In this paper, we propose a direct method that calculates attenuation factors from CT projections, without using a reconstructed CT image. In this method, the human body is considered as a mixture of three distinct components: air, water and bone. Then, we estimate the proportions of these three components along each x-ray path and restore the attenuation factor at 511 keV with the known water and bone LACs. Our numerical results show that the proposed method produces as accurate estimation as the conventional HU mapping method.
Reactivation of HIV latency by a newly modified Ingenol derivative via protein kinase Cδ–NF-κB signaling (2014)

IngB is a new promising compound to activate latent HIV reservoirs. Our data suggest that formulating novel derivatives from Ingenol esters may be an innovative approach to develop new lead compounds to reactivate latent HIV.
Reservoir Fluid Geodynamics; The Link Between Petroleum Systems and Production Concerns Relating to Fluids and Tar Distributions in Reservoirs (2016)

Abstract Petroleum system modeling provides the timing, type and volume of fluids entering a reservoir, among other things. However, there has been little modeling of the fluid processes that take place within the reservoir in geologic time, yet these processes have a dramatic impact on production. Modeling and understanding of the reservoir then reinitiates with simulation of production for optimization purposes. The new discipline "reservoir fluid geodynamics" (RFG) establishes the link between the petroleum system context or modeling and present day reservoir realizations. This new discipline has been enabled by scientific developments of the new asphaltene equation of state and by the technology of downhole fluid analysis (DFA). Gas-liquid equilibria are treated with the traditional cubic EoS. Crude oil fluid- asphaltene equilibria are treated with the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state with its reliance on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes. Thermodynamic treatment is essential in order to identify the extent of equilibrium in oil columns, thereby identifying fluid dynamics in geologic time. DFA is shown to be very effective for establishing asphaltene gradients vertically and laterally in reservoir fluids with great accuracy. In turn, this data tightly constrains the thermodynamic analyses. These methods have been applied to a large number of reservoir case studies over a period of ten years. For example, case studies are shown that indicate baffling and lower production for parts of the reservoir that have slower rates of fluid equilibration. In addition, the newly revealed lateral sweep in trap filling is established via RFG case studies. Underlying systematics, especially for gas charge into oil reservoirs, have been revealed for a large number of fluid and tar distributions that enable a unifying and simplified treatment for seemingly intractable complexities. A case study is presented that shows three very different reservoir realizations in adjacent fault blocks for the same petroleum system model, where RFG explains all these differences. This enables key reservoir properties to be projected away from wellbore in ways not previously possible. Finally, universal work flows are shown which enable broad application of these methods through all phases of reservoir exploration and production.
Multifunctional atomic force microscope cantilevers with Lorentz force actuation and self-heating capability (2014)

This paper reports the development of microcantilevers capable of self-heating and Lorentz-force actuation, and demonstrates applications to thermal topography imaging. Electrical current passing through a U-shaped cantilever in the presence of a magnetic field induces a Lorentz force on the cantilever free end, resulting in cantilever actuation. This same current flowing through a resistive heater induces a controllable temperature increase. We present cantilevers designed for large actuation forces for a given cantilever temperature increase. We analyze the designs of two new cantilevers, along with a legacy cantilever design. The cantilevers are designed to have a spring constant of about 1.5 N m(-1), a resonant frequency near 100 kHz, and self-heating capability with temperature controllable over the range 25-600 °C. Compared to previous reports on self-heating cantilevers, the Lorentz-thermal cantilevers generate up to seven times as much Lorentz force and two times as much oscillation amplitude. When used for thermal topography imaging, the Lorentz-thermal cantilevers can measure topography with a vertical resolution of 0.2 nm.
Drilling, Coring, and Sampling Using Piezoelectric Actuated Mechanisms : From the USDC to a Piezo-Rotary-Hammer Drill (2012)

NASA exploration missions are increasingly including sampling tasks but with the growth in engineering experience (particularly, Phoenix Scout and MSL) it is now very much recognized that planetary drilling poses many challenges. The difficulties grow significantly with the hardness of sampled material, the depth of drilling and the harshness of the environmental conditions. To address the requirements for samplers that could be operated at the conditions of the various bodies in the solar system, a number of piezoelectric actuated drills and corers were developed by the Advanced Technologies Group of JPL. The basic configuration that was conceived in 1998 is known as the Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC), and it operates as a percussive mechanism. This drill requires as low preload as 10N (important for operation at low gravity) allowing to operate with as low-mass device as 400g, use an average power as low as 2-3W and drill rocks as hard as basalt. A key feature of this drilling mechanism is the use of a free-mass to convert the ultrasonic vibrations generated by piezoelectric stack to sonic impacts on the bit. Using the versatile capabilities of the USDC led to the development of many configurations and device sizes. Significant improvement of the penetration rate was achieved by augmenting the hammering action by rotation and use of a fluted bit to remove cuttings. To reach meters deep in ice a wireline drill was developed called the Ultrasonic/Sonic Gopher and it was demonstrated in 2005 to penetrate about 2-m deep at Antarctica. Jointly with Honeybee Robotics, this mechanism is currently being modified to incorporate rotation and inchworm operation forming Auto-Gopher to reach meters deep in rocks. To take advantage of the ability of piezoelectric actuators to operate over a wide temperatures range, piezoelectric actuated drills were developed and demonstrated to operate at as cold as -200°C and as hot as 500°C. In this paper, the developed mechanisms will be reviewed and discussed including the configurations, capabilities, and challenges.
Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come? (2020)

Shellfish allergy caused by undesirable immunological responses upon ingestion of crustaceans and mollusks is a common cause of food allergy, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. While the prevalence of shellfish allergy is increasing, the mainstay of clinical diagnosis for these patients includes extract-based skin prick test and specific IgE measurement while clinical management consists of food avoidance and as-needed use of adrenaline autoinjector should they develop severe allergic reactions. Such a standard of care is unsatisfactory to both patients and healthcare practitioners. There is a pressing need to introduce more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapies for patients with shellfish allergy. Knowledge gained on the identifications and defining the immuno-molecular features of different shellfish allergens over the past two decades have gradually translated into the design of new diagnostic and treatment options for shellfish allergy. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, the molecular identification of shellfish allergens, recent progress in various diagnostic methods, as well as current development in immunotherapeutic approaches including the use of unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, immunoregulatory peptides and DNA vaccines for the prevention and treatment of shellfish allergy. The prospect of a "cure "for shellfish allergy is within reach.
Abstract LB-36: Antibody mediated neutralization of sema4D reduces tumor angiogenesis and growth <i>In Vivo.</i> (2010)

Abstract It has been demonstrated that semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D; CD100) is a potent pro-angiogenic molecule. SEMA4D binding to its receptor plexin-B1 (PLXNB1) on endothelial cells transactivates c-MET and promotes formation of new blood vessels and tumor growth in vivo. SEMA4D is over-expressed in a wide array of tumor types, and is also produced by inflammatory cells present in the tumor microenvironment. It has recently been demonstrated that in an environment lacking SEMA4D, the ability of mouse breast cancer cells to originate tumor masses and metastases is severely impaired, and that SEMA4D produced by tumor associated macrophages is required for tumor angiogenesis and growth. In addition to its effects on endothelial cells, SEMA4D binding to PLXNB1 on tumor cells results in MET transactivation and migration of tumor cells. It has been further reported that overexpression of PLXNB1 and MET in breast and ovarian cancers is a negative prognostic factor. Tumors co-expressing PLXNB1 and MET were characterized as having a higher grade and an increased frequency of metastases. Collectively, these results suggest that expression of SEMA4D, either by tumor cells or by tumor associated macrophages, may represent a mechanism of tumor neovascularization, and that expression of the SEMA4D receptor in tumors may further induce tumor invasion, thereby enhancing their growth, survival, and metastatic potential. Antibody neutralization of SEMA4D thus may represent a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. We selected a high affinity human IgG4 antibody that is specific for both mouse and human SEMA4D, and utilized several in vitro functional assays to demonstrate that this antibody blocks SEMA4D - PLXNB 1 interactions. Using both transplanted and orthotopic tumor models we demonstrated that antibody mediated SEMA4D neutralization in vivo inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. This human antibody is currently in IND-enabling toxicology testing and we anticipate the initiation of human clinical trials in 2H 2010. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-36.
Breaking of a Paradigm: The Simultaneous Production of the Gascap and Oil Column (1998)

Abstract The conventional way to produce an oil reservoir that has a gascap is to produce only from the oil column while keeping the gascap in place so that it can expand to provide pressure support. Depending upon the geometry, reservoir dip angle, and oil production rates, gas can either cone down to the oil producers or breakthrough as a front, leading to substantial increases in the gas-oil ratios of the oil producers. This paper presents a unique production methodology of simultaneously producing the gascap and oil column while injecting water at the gas-oil contact to create a water barrier to separate the gascap and oil column. This methodology has application in reservoirs with a low-dip angle, relatively large gascap, and a low residual gas saturation to water. It is demonstrated that the net present value of the project is improved if there is an immediate market for gas. The work also demonstrates that the recovery from the gascap is minimally affected by heterogeneities in the reservoir. This is shown using geostatistical reservoir models. The effect of heterogeneities on oil recovery is also documented.
<title>Fast 3D medial axis transformation to reduce computation and complexity in radiosurgery treatment planning</title> (1996)

The medial axis analysis of an object can be used to effectively guide and optimize radiosurgery treatment planning. In this paper, a fast Euclidean medial axis transformation in three dimensions based on dynamic grassfire simulation and ridge extraction is presented. A ridge occurs when fire fronts collapse during grassfire propagation. Iso-contours (2D) or iso- surfaces (3D) can be obtained from dynamic grassfire transforms. They are locally smooth everywhere except at ridge locations. Ridges are detected by measuring local curvature at each point. This process is invariant under spatial translations and rotations. The algorithm yields the true Euclidean skeleton of the objects and is several orders of magnitude faster than other thinning methods. In radiosurgery treatment planning, optimal shots are only placed on the medial axis of the 3D target, which reduces optimization time and complexity. An example of a treatment planning process is presented and the relationship between skeleton disks and the dose distributions which they predict are discussed.
High-frequency off-line power conversion using zero-voltage-switching quasi-resonant and multiresonant techniques (1989)

The characteristics and limitations of the half-bridge zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-resonant converters (QRCs) are described. A novel multiresonant concept is proposed for the half-bridge topology to improve the ZVS QRC's load range. Experimental results for 300 V. 75 W zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant and multiresonant converters operating in the frequency range from 2 MHz to 8 MHz are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconfigurable antennas for MIMO ad-hoc networks (2008)

In this paper we investigate the performance of reconfigurable antennas in an MIMO ad-hoc network. The nodes employ the multiuser waterfilling (known also as iterative waterfilling) power allocation [1], [2] method and we use network sum capacity as a performance metric. We study a centralized configuration selection scheme, which can be used as an upper bound in the sum capacity using reconfigurable antennas, as well as a simple distributed configuration selection scheme, suitable for use in an ad-hoc MIMO network.
Gene expression profiling identifies activating transcription factor 3 as a novel contributor to the proapoptotic effect of curcumin (2005)

The antitumor effect of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is well established. However, there have been no unbiased studies to identify novel molecular targets of this compound. We therefore undertook a gene expression profiling study to identify novel targets of curcumin. A cDNA array comprised of 12,625 probes was used to compare total RNA extracted from curcumin-treated and untreated MDA-1986 cells for differential gene expression. We identified 202 up-regulated mRNAs and 505 transcripts decreased > or =2-fold. The proapoptotic activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was induced >4-fold. Two negative regulators of growth control [antagonizer of myc transcriptional activity (Mad) and p27kip1] were induced 68- and 3-fold, respectively. Additionally, two dual-activity phosphatases (CL 100 and MKP-5), which inactivate the c-jun-NH2-kinases, showed augmented expression, coinciding with reduced expression of the upstream activators of c-jun-NH2-kinase (MEKK and MKK4). Of the repressed genes, the expression of Frizzled-1 (Wnt receptor) was most strongly attenuated (8-fold). Additionally, two genes implicated in growth control (K-sam, encoding the keratinocyte growth factor receptor, and HER3) as well as the E2F-5 transcription factor, which regulates genes controlling cell proliferation, also showed down-regulated expression. Considering its role in apoptosis, we determined the contribution of ATF3 to the antitumor effect of curcumin. Curcumin-treated MDA-1986 cells showed a rapid, dose-dependent increase in ATF3/mRNA protein. Moreover, expression of an exogenous ATF3 cDNA synergized with curcumin in inducing apoptosis. Thus, we have identified several putative, novel molecular targets of curcumin and showed that one, (ATF3) contributes to the proapoptotic effects of this compound.