gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packed Compressed Sparse Row: A Dynamic Graph Representation (2018)

Perhaps the most popular sparse graph storage format is Compressed Sparse Row (CSR). CSR excels at storing graphs compactly with minimal overhead, allowing for fast traversals, lookups, and basic graph computations such as PageRank. Since elements in CSR format are packed together, additions and deletions often require time linear in the size of the graph. We introduce a new dynamic sparse graph representation called Packed Compressed Sparse Row (PCSR), based on an array-based dynamic data structure called the Packed Memory Array. PCSR is similar to CSR, but leaves spaces between elements, allowing for asymptotically faster insertions and deletions in exchange for a constant factor slowdown in traversals and a constant factor increase in space overhead. Our contributions are twofold. We describe PCSR and review the theoretical guarantees for update, insert, and search for PCSR. We also implemented PCSR as well as other basic graph storage formats and report our findings on a variety of benchmarks. PCSR supports inserts orders of magnitude faster than CSR and is only a factor of two slower on graph traversals. Our results suggest that PCSR is a lightweight dynamic graph representation that supports fast inserts and competitive searches.
Ford ELTEC Integrated Powertrain Control (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The construction of the Ford ELTEC (Electronic Technology) vehicle has offered a unique opportunity to demonstrate the practical advantages of using modern electronics in a family car. Included in the specification is the integrated control of a lean burn engine and a continuously variable transmission from a single microprocessor. A number of novel features are controlled such as ionisation feedback, intake port, variable geometry induction and an electronic throttle.</div>
Surfactant-Only Stabilized Dispersions of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in High-Electrolyte-Concentration Brines (2016)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) exhibit promising properties for potential applications in oil production. Because of their substantial surface area, they could be used as carriers for catalysts or chemicals into subsurface oil and gas zones to change the properties of reservoir fluids or rock. A prerequisite for utilizing the MWNT in reservoir applications is to generate stable aqueous-phase dispersions that are well-dispersed and able to propagate successfully through the reservoir medium. In this study, different types of surfactants were investigated for their ability to disperse MWNTs in high-ionic-strength solutions typical of oil reservoirs up to 10% American Petroleum Institute (API) brine (8 wt % NaCl and 2 wt % CaCl2). Stable nanotube dispersions in deionized water were achieved with the anionic surfactants evaluated. Compression of the electrical double layer, however, at high ionic strength, e.g., >3 wt % electrolytes, led to rapid aggregation of the anionic surfactant-aided nanotube dispersion. This study showed that by dispersing nanotubes in nonionic surfactant such as alkylphenol polyethoxylates with a large number of ethylene oxide (EO) groups, stable MWNT dispersions were obtained in 10 wt % brine. In the sandpack column test, a binary surfactant formulation, which consisted of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant in the proper ratios, exhibited an excellent capability to propagate MWNT, with 96% of the injected nanotubes recovered in the effluent. The adsorption density of surfactants onto MWNT was determined to be 9 molecules/nm2 from the shift of the CMC value in the surface tension measurement. This study reveals that steric repulsion between the nanotubes could eliminate the aggregation of dispersed MWNT under the high-electrolyte-concentration condition, whereas nanotube–nanotube and nanotube–sand surface electrical repulsion could assist in the transport of the MWNT dispersion through porous media.
Analyzing multimodal public sentiment based on hierarchical semantic attentional network (2017)

Public sentiment is regarded as an important measure for event detection, information security, policy making etc. Analyzing public sentiments relies more and more on large amount of multimodal contents, in contrast to the traditional text-based and image-based sentiment analysis. However, most previous works directly extract feature from image as the additional information for text modality and then merge these features for multimodal sentiment analysis. More detailed semantic information in image, like image caption which contains useful semantic components for sentiment analysis, has been ignored. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Semantic Attentional Network based on image caption, HSAN, for multimodal sentiment analysis. It has a hierarchical structure that reflects the hierarchical structure of tweet and uses image caption to extract visual semantic feature as the additional information for text in multimodal sentiment analysis task. We also introduce the attention with context mechanism, which learns to consider the context information for encoding. The experiments on two public available datasets show the effectiveness of our model.
Comparative Study of Adenosine Deaminase Activity to Biochemical Parameter, Nutritional Status and BMI duringTuberculosis Infection (2013)

Tuberculosis has emerged as one of the most lethal disease men has faced. Inspite of presence of effective chemotherapy epidemiological data showed world wide rise in incidence especially since AIDS incidence rose steeply. There seems to be a resurgence of both pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The present case study depicted the comparative study of level of ADA activity with several physiological parameters and nutritional status during tuberculosis infection. The data was collected and interpreted at
Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Inhibits Apoptosis through Activation of MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats (2013)

Apoptosis, a major pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, is closely associated with the dysregulation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), as a therapeutic target of cerebral ischemia, could repair missing cells and the activation of endogenous cells to provide self-repair. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of the transplantation of NSCs against cerebral ischemia injury is unclear. This study is to investigate the effect of the transplantation of NSCs on apoptosis and MAPK/ERK signaling in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats to evaluate its neuroprotective role. These results suggest that the transplantation of NSCs provides a neuroprotective effect via decreasing neurological deficit and increasing the activity of MAPK/ERK signaling in MCAO-lesioned brains and restraining apoptosis. In view of the treatment and prevention of ischemic brain damage, the ability of NSCs to enhance the activity of MAPK/ERK signaling and inhibit apoptosis may be of great importance in the selection of neuroprotective agents.
Efficient production of the industrial biocatalysts hydantoinase and<i>N</i>-carbamyl amino acid amidohydrolase: Novel non-metabolizable inducers (1993)

The biosynthesis of the hydantoin-hydrolysing enzymes hydantoinase and N-carbamyl amino acid amidohydrolase from Agrobacterium sp. IP I-671, a Gram-negative bacterium used as a biocatalyst for the production of enantiomerically pure (R) amino acids, was found to be highly inducible by the addition to the cultivation medium of different non-metabolizable thiolated hydantoins or pyrimidines. Among these inducers the hexacyclic pyrimidine thioderivatives were more potent than all the pentacyclic thiohydantoin compounds. Addition of 2,4-thiouracil to the cultures, at a rate of 0.1 g (g cell dry mass)−1, led to no appreciable growth inhibition and yielded a biocatalyst exhibiting a 40-fold higher hydantoinase and a 15-fold higher N-carbamyl amino acid amidohydrolase activity than the corresponding inducer-free cultures.
Eccentric exercise decreases maximal insulin action in humans: muscle and systemic effects. (1996)

1. Unaccustomed eccentric exercise decreases whole-body insulin action in humans. To study the effects of one-legged eccentric exercise on insulin action in muscle and systemically, the euglycaemic clamp technique combined with arterial and bilateral femoral venous catheterization was used. Seven subjects participated in two euglycaemic clamps, performed in random order. One clamp was preceded 2 days earlier by one-legged eccentric exercise (post-eccentric exercise clamp (PEC)) and one was without the prior exercise (control clamp (CC)). 2. During PEC the maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake over the eccentric thigh was marginally lower when compared with the control thigh, (11.9%, 64.6 +/- 10.3 vs. 73.3 +/- 10.2 mumol kg-1 min-1, P = 0.08), whereas no inter-thigh difference was observed at a submaximal insulin concentration. The glycogen concentration was lower in the eccentric thigh for all three clamp steps used (P < 0.05). The glucose transporter GLUT4 protein content was on average 39% lower (P < 0.05) in the eccentric thigh in the basal state, whereas the maximal activity of glycogen synthase was identical in the two thighs for all clamp steps. 3. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) necessary to maintain euglycaemia during maximal insulin stimulation was lower during PEC compared with CC (15.7%, 81.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 96.4 +/- 8.8 mumol kg-1 min-1, P < 0.05). 4. Our data show that 2 days after unaccustomed eccentric exercise, muscle and whole-body insulin action is impaired at maximal but not submaximal concentrations. The local effect cannot account for the whole-body effect, suggesting the release of a factor which decreases insulin responsiveness systemically.
Intelligent paging strategy based on location probability of mobile station and paging load distribution in mobile communication networks (2004)

When the cells in a location area are paged sequentially based on the specific information such as last registered area or mobile speed, paging load may be nonuniformly distributed among the cells. This nonuniform paging traffic causes additional paging delay due to the increase of waiting time in the cell with high paging load. In this paper, we introduce a new paging strategy in which the paging sequence in a location area is optimized based on both the location probability of a mobile terminal and paging load distribution among the cells. From numerical results, we show that the paging cost of our proposed scheme is very close to the optimal one. In addition, we observe the effects of the paging load distribution and the location probability distribution on the paging cost.
Correlation between Cigarette Smoking and Urine Cotinine Level in Gastric Cancer Patients. (2014)

Various substances in cigarette smoke including nicotine have been shown to promote/induce cancer cell proliferation. Since cotinine has a longer half life and stability in the blood, it has become the preferred biomarker for cigarette smoking exposure. Seventy-three gastric cancer patients were included in this study. The tumor tissues were stained with H & E for pathological evaluation. The cotinine levels were measured in urine using a competitive ELISA. Tumors were 90% adenocarcinoma with 63% intestinal and 37% diffuse subtypes. Tumors were poorly (45.2%) or moderately differentiated (41.1%) and localized mainly (77%) in the upper part of stomach. The levels of cotinine were significantly different between smoker (283.83 ± 178.10 ng/mL) and non-smoker (39.28 ± 113.34 ng/mL) groups (p < 0.001). However, there is no-significant correlation between tumor characteristics and cotinine level in smoker patients. Cotinine level correlates with smoking in gastric patients, however, correlation with the tumor features has not been observed.
Studies on the Activation Mechanism of Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Plasma by Human Pancreatic Elastase (1982)

In the present study, the activation mechanism of fibrinolytic enzyme system in plasma by human pancreatic elastase was investigated. It was confirmed that human pancreatic elastase not only converted the co-existing plasminogen to low molecular weight-plasminogen which could be easily activated by the activator, but also inhibited alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor which are antiactivators or fast reacting antiplasmins, and consequently, induced the activation of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in plasma.
Analysis of high density lipoprotein apolipoproteins by capillary zone and capillary SDS gel electrophoresis (1998)

We describe new methods for analyzing the apolipoproteins (apo) of the high density lipoproteins (HDL) of several species by two modes of capillary electrophoresis: size separation using a molecular sieving buffer, and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using neutral coated capillaries. By either mode HDL apos were resolved within 25 min. Results for apoA-I and apoA-II mass agreed with those by electroimmunoassay; intra-assay coefficients of variation were 1.8-4.2%. The migration times of human, rat, rabbit, and bovine apoA-I during CZE were proportional to their net charge/Mr ratios. This enabled human and rabbit apoA-I to be quantified simultaneously in transgenic rabbit HDLs. CZE also resolved human apoA-I isoforms, deamidated apoA-I, and pro-apoA-I.
Amyloid—a state in many guises: Survival of the fittest fibril fold (2007)

Under appropriate conditions, essentially all proteins are able to aggregate to form long, well-ordered and beta-sheet-rich arrays known as amyloid-like fibrils. These fibrils consist of varying numbers of intertwined protofibrils and can for any given protein exhibit a wealth of different forms at the ultrastructural level. Traditionally, this structural variability or polymorphism has been attributed to differences in the assembly of a common protofibril structure. However, recent work on glucagon, insulin, and the Abeta peptide suggests that this polymorphism can occur at the level of secondary structure. Simple variations in either solvent conditions such as temperature, protein concentration, and ionic strength or external mechanical influences such as agitation can lead to formation of fibrils with markedly different characteristics. In some cases, these characteristics can be passed on to new fibrils in a strain-specific manner, similar to what is known for prions. The preferred structure of fibrils formed can be explained in terms of selective pressure and survival of the fittest; the most populated types of fibrils we observe at the end of an experiment are those that had the fastest overall growth rate under the given conditions. Fibrillar polymorphism is probably a consequence of the lack of structural restraints on a nonfunctional conformational state.
A dynamic model for replication protein A (RPA) function in DNA processing pathways (2006)

Processing of DNA in replication, repair and recombination pathways in cells of all organisms requires the participation of at least one major single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein. This protein protects ssDNA from nucleolytic damage, prevents hairpin formation and blocks DNA reannealing until the processing pathway is successfully completed. Many ssDNA-binding proteins interact physically and functionally with a variety of other DNA processing proteins. These interactions are thought to temporally order and guide the parade of proteins that 'trade places' on the ssDNA, a model known as 'hand-off', as the processing pathway progresses. How this hand-off mechanism works remains poorly understood. Recent studies of the conserved eukaryotic ssDNA-binding protein replication protein A (RPA) suggest a novel mechanism by which proteins may trade places on ssDNA by binding to RPA and mediating conformation changes that alter the ssDNA-binding properties of RPA. This article reviews the structure and function of RPA, summarizes recent studies of RPA in DNA replication and other DNA processing pathways, and proposes a general model for the role of RPA in protein-mediated hand-off.
Haptic guided seeding of MRA images for semi-automatic segmentation (2005)

We investigate how stereo graphics and haptics can be combined to facilitate the seeding procedure in semi-automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images. Real-time volume rendering using maximum intensity projections (MIPs) has been implemented together with a haptic rendering method that provides force feedback based on local gradients and intensity values. This combination allows a user to trace vessels in the image, and to place seed-points directly in three-dimensional data set. Seed-regions are propagated from the seed-points according to an algorithm that favors bright voxels. An experienced user have tested the interface on a whole-body MRA image with promising results.
Time Series Data Mining in Rainfall Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network (2014)

Abstract: Rainfall is very important parameter in hydrological model. Many techniques and models have been developed for rainfall time series prediction. In this study an artificial neural network (ANN) based model was developed for rainfall time series forecasting. Proposed model used Multilayer perceptron (MLP) network with back propagation algorithm for training. Discharge and rainfall data are took as input parameter for ANN model to predict rainfall time series. Data preprocessing and model’s sensitivity analysis were executed. Collected data is divided in three sets for optimal neural network training. The first set is the training set, used for calculate the gradient and updating the network weights and biases. The second set is the validation set. The error on the validation set is follow during the training process. The third set is test set. It is used to compare different models. Different topologies of Neural Networks were created with change in hidden layer, number of processing element and activation function. Mean Absolute error (MAE), Mean Squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) are used to evaluate the model performance. On the basis of these evaluation parameter results, it is found that multilayer perceptron (MLP) network predict more accurate than other traditional models.
Design methodology for stoppable clock systems (1986)

Many approaches have been developed for designing large, highly parallel computer systems. Classical synchronous approaches are susceptible to synchronisation problems at the clock pulse level. Newer asynchronous approaches, on the other hand, avoid such problems but are expensive to implement. This paper proposes a compromise approach that builds on the well developed synchronous system design techniques and, at the same time, avoids the clock pulse level synchronisation problems. In this approach, a system has a totally synchronous core with a 'stoppable' clock and uses an asynchronous interface for external communication. With the clock not running, the asynchronous interface receives and sends information in the form of packets, setting up the proper input values and initial state for the synchronous core. The clock is then started, and the synchronous core behaves as a sequential state machine initialised to the proper state and subjected to the proper input values. When the core has finished its computation, the clock is stopped and the process is repeated. A methodology for building such systems is presented in the paper.
Dark Current Reduction Techniques for Wide Dynamic Range Logarithmic CMOS Pixels (2006)

CMOS logarithmic pixels are capable of simultaneously imaging more than 6 decades of light intensity. However, their low light sensitivity is limited by the inherent leakage current of a CMOS process that flows through the load transistor in the pixel in parallel with the photocurrent. In this paper, we will discuss various approaches based on process, circuits and layouts to reduce this dark current. Results from two different approaches will then be reported. The first approach uses a novel circuit to maintain the voltage around the photodiode as close to zero as possible. The second approach uses a new layout for the logarithmic pixel to reduce the dark current arising from the edges of the photodiode.
Endovascular Treatment of Degenerative Aneurysms Involving Only the Descending Thoracic Aorta (2016)

Current results indicate that TEVAR for DTAA can be performed with rather high technical success, low postoperative morbidity, and good 3-year survival.
Fast Dissolving Films: A Review (2011)

Fast-dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed as an alternative to conventional dosage form as an oral means of drug delivery in case of chronic conditions. Now a day's fast dissolving films are preferred over conventional tablets and capsules for masking the taste of bitter drugs to increase the patient compliance. Fast dissolving films consist of a very thin oral strip which dissolves in less than one minute when placed on the tongue. Dissolvable oral thin films are in the market since past few years in the form of breath strips and are widely accepted by consumers for delivering vitamins, vaccines and other drug products. The various manufacturing techniques for the preparation of films have also been detailed in the review. The present review details most of the patents on such fast dissolving films in recent years. A brief study has been made on various parameters which are used to evaluate such films. In case of chronic disorders these fast dissolving films are better for delivering drugs and obtaining faster therapeutic blood levels and superior in comparison to other oral conventional dosage forms.
Study of HLA class II alleles by PCR oligotyping in leprosy patients from North India (1993)

Host factors seem to play an important role in determining the immune response and the differential manifestations of lepromatous (LL) and tuberculoid (TT) leprosy. In order to investigate the role of immunogenetic factors in determining the form of leprosy, the HLA class II alleles of DRB1, DRB3, DRB5, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 were studied by a PCR oligotyping technique in 93 patients and 47 healthy controls. DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502 (two of five tested subsets of the serologically defined DR2) accounted for 81.5% of the multibacillary patients (relative risk 16.3) and 60.7% of the TT patients (relative risk 5.7) compared to 21.3% in normal, ethnically- and geographically-matched controls. The much stronger association of DRB1*1501 with the multibacillary form than with the TT type of leprosy suggests a possible role in the differential immune response to M. leprae antigens. DQB1*0601 was found significantly more often than in controls throughout the leprosy spectrum, while DQA1*0103 was most frequent in the LL group and DQA1*0102 was selectively increased in the borderline lepromatous (BL) patients. On the other hand, DRB1*0701, DQB1*0201 and DQA1*0201 were decreased in the multibacillary leprosy patients (MLP) compared to TT patients and controls, and DQB1*0503 was selectively decreased in TT patients, suggesting that these HLA alleles might play a role in modulating the immune response that determines the form of leprosy that develops in each patient.