gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of oxygen saturation and hematocrit of flowing human blood using two different spectrally resolving sensors / Bestimmung von Sauerstoffsättigung und Hämatokrit an fließendem Blut mit zwei verschiedenen spektralen Sensoren (2006)

The blood parameters oxygen saturation and hematocrit were determined by two different spectral sensors using reflectance spectra from 550 to 900 nm and partial transmission spectra centered at 660 nm. The spectra were analyzed by the method of partial least squares. One sensor consists of a miniature integrating sphere, while the other was fiber-guided. The results show that the geometry of the sensors and different blood flows do not influence the spectral analysis significantly. Independent of the sensor geometry, both hematocrit and oxygen saturation could be determined with an absolute predicted root mean square error of less than 3%. Furthermore, the analysis showed that hematocrit prediction requires eight wavelength regions and oxygen saturation prediction requires four wavelength regions using reflectance spectroscopy. This implies that if the measurement is restricted to reflectance, a spectrometer is indispensable for determining both blood parameters. Hematocrit determination could be improved using reflectance measurements in combination with transmission.
Occurrence of a freshwater pipefish Pseudophallus cf. brasiliensis (Syngnathidae) in Corantijn River, Suriname, with notes on its distribution, habitat, and reproduction (2019)

Twelve small (< 7.5 cm TL) specimens of the pipefish Pseudophallus cf. brasiliensis were collected at three localities in the Corantijn River, Suriname, at distance >155 km from the river mouth, i.e., in fresh water. Of these, nine were from Sand Landing, a sheltered beach immediately downstream of a bend in the river, characterized by medium to low current velocity, mixed bottom substrate, and presence of a meadow of dwarf Amazonian sword plant H. tenellum. Newborn and adult pipefishes exhibited benthic behaviour, and may find food and shelter against currents and predators among H. tenellum leaves. Sex-role reversion was suggested by the sex-ratio of the Sand Landing specimens and by a difference in colour pattern between the sexes with females showing a vivid, striped colour pattern and males having a brownish colour: P. cf. brasiliensis may live in a sex-role reversed harem structure with territorial females competing for males that brood their eggs. Pregnant males were collected under low, high, and intermediate water level conditions, suggesting year-round reproduction. In captivity, three males released approximately 20 newborn each. Males showed no intraspecific aggressive behaviour and accepted Artemia nauplii as food. In Corantijn River, P. cf. brasiliensis occurred in low densities. Taking into account the relatively large pipefish catch per unit effort at Sand Landing as compared to CPUE at other sampling locations, the Sand Landing site is hypothesized to host a source population, an aspect that highlights the need to protect that site.
Transient modification of nerve excitability in vitro by single ultrasound pulses. (1990)

Single pulses of focused ultrasound have been observed to significantly modify neuronal excitability in vitro for a period of 40-50 ms following pulse termination. This window of transient modification includes periods of both relative suppression and enhancement of excitability, the sequences of which generally follow distinct temporal patterns. The ultrasound pulses were focused, 2-7 MHz, nominally of 500 microseconds duration, and of peak intensities of 100-800 W/cm2. Specific absorbed energies were less than 100 mJ/gm, which strongly precludes bulk thermal mechanisms as a basis of this effect. Our current evidence suggests that the low-frequency radiation pressure transient accompanying the envelope of the acoustic pulse is the proximal effector in this phenomenon, acting by the gating of relatively slow stretch-sensitive channels in the neuronal membrane. These observations demonstrate the potential for high peak-power, low total-energy pulses of ultrasound to functionally modulate neuroelectric signals, a finding which could suggest new prosthetic, analgesic, or therapeutic clinical applications.
Bistability and biofilm formation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2007)

Biofilms of Bacillus subtilis consist of long chains of cells that are held together in bundles by an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide and the protein TasA. The exopolysaccharide is produced by enzymes encoded by the epsA-O operon and the gene encoding TasA is located in the yqxM-sipW-tasA operon. Both operons are under the control of the repressor SinR. Derepression is mediated by the antirepressor SinI, which binds to SinR with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Paradoxically, in medium promoting derepression of the matrix operons, the overall concentration of SinR in the culture greatly exceeded that of SinI. We show that under biofilm-promoting conditions sinI, which is under the control of the response regulator Spo0A, was expressed only in a small subpopulation of cells, whereas sinR was expressed in almost all cells. Activation of Spo0A is known to be subject to a bistable switch, and we infer that SinI reaches levels sufficient to trigger matrix production only in the subpopulation of cells in which Spo0A is active. Additionally, evidence suggests that sinI is expressed at intermediate, but not low or high, levels of Spo0A activity, which may explain why certain nutritional conditions are more effective in promoting biofilm formation than others.
Transformation and analysis of record sections (1981)

Slant stacking is used to transform an observed record section Φ(x,t) into its plane wave decomposition Ψ(p,τ). The invertible transformation untangles travel time triplications and removes focusing and defocusing effects, yielding signals with the plane wave amplitudes and phases. The principal arrival, composed of refraction and wide angle reflections, appears in these coordinates as a display of the intercept time function τ(p), which may be inverted by any of several currently popular methods. The transformation into the (p,τ) domain; is an objective procedure which removes many of the interpreter's difficulties by casting the picking process into much simpler variables. Moreover, the decomposition into plane waves directly yields the transient reflectivity matrix of the (one dimensional) medium. Several lines of argument lead us to conclude that the comparison of data and synthetic data should be done in the (p,τ) domain. The use of these techniques requires that the wave field be sampled with sufficient spatial density of receivers to avoid wave number aliasing. We show examples of plane wave decomposition for shallow data from the COCORP deep crustal reflection program.
수단-목적사슬(Means-end chain)이론을 적용한 국내 전통주의 가치구조분석 (2009)

This study tried to identify ultimate value of lovers for traditional Korean liquor by using hard laddering which is one of the qualitative techniques. The reason why this topic is selected is that the pursuit of customer value and corporate value is becoming very important phenomenon in recent years. One of the most effective and proper theory to find out the ultimate customer value is means-end theory which is commonly applied in F&B industry in overseas studies. The in-depth interviews(hard laddering) for the sixty six club members who are concerned with drinking Korean liquor were carried out. The cut-off level for 66 interviewees is 5 which can be well depicted in HVM(Hierarchical Value Map). The results of this study indicated that the most dominant value chain is `the taste of traditional Korean liquor(A)`-`feel the unique taste(C)`-`happiness`(V).
Efficient switched-capacitor implementation of linear phase FIR decimators (1989)

New structures for the efficient implementation of linear phase FIR switched-capacitor (SC dccimator circuits are proposed. Such structures are developed based on the symmetry of the impulse response and lead to simpler circuits that require less SC branches than are presently needed.
Cyclophanes and [2]Catenanes as Ligands for Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Absorption Spectra, and Excited State and Electrochemical Properties (1998)

Two tetracationic cyclophanes and two [2]catenanes containing paraquat-type units together with one or two transition metal chelating 2,2′-bipyridyl moieties have been synthesized. The metal-binding units have been used to generate novel mono- and binuclear ruthenium(II), rhenium(I), silver(I) (right), and copper(I) complexes.
A Low-Power, Dual-Wavelength Photoplethysmogram (PPG) SoC With Static and Time-Varying Interferer Removal (2014)

This paper presents a low-power, reflectance-mode photoplethysmogram (PPG) front end with up to 100 μA of static interferer current removal and 87 dB attenuation of time-varying interferers. The chip nominally consumes 425 μW including signal chain circuits, red and IR LED drive power, clocks, digitization and I/O. Measured data shows the noise of the PPG signal to be dominated by the photodiode sensor photon shot noise.
Robust descriptors for 3D point clouds using Geometric and Photometric Local Feature (2012)

The robust perception of robots is strongly needed to handle various objects skillfully. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to recognize objects and estimate their 6-DOF pose using 3D feature descriptors, called Geometric and Photometric Local Feature (GPLF). The proposed descriptors use both the geometric and photometric information of 3D point clouds from RGB-D camera and integrate those information into efficient descriptors. GPLF shows robust discriminative performance regardless of characteristics such as shapes or appearances of objects in cluttered scenes. The experimental results show how well the proposed approach classifies and identify objects. The performance of pose estimation is robust and stable enough for the robot to manipulate objects. We also compare the proposed approach with previous approaches that use partial information of objects with a representative large-scale RGB-D object dataset.
Detecting Network Topology and Packet Trajectory with SDN-enabled FPGA Platform (2016)

Software-defined networking brings extra complexity to debugging while enhancing network manageability. The competition between applications and subtle bugs in controllers or switches may cause inconformity between control plane logic and data plane behavior. Tracing packet trajectory through the network is a direct way to verify whether data plane processes packets correctly according to control plane policy. We introduce NetMagic, a SDN-enabled switch based on FPGA which can be managed remotely using a custom protocol, and present the detection of network topology and packet trajectory in the network consists of NetMagics. We use probe packet to reproduce the trajectory of arbitrary production packet only by adding three rules per NetMagic to record path history in on-board RAM. The core idea is that we install a hash function both in the controller and NetMagic to process the header of probe packets which considerably reduce the usage of RAM space and facilitate the collection of trajectory data. The evaluation shows that our implementation works properly under high concurrency of tracing tasks by adjusting the parameter of hash function.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction and Safety of Ubrogepant Coadministered With Esomeprazole Magnesium (2021)

Ubrogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for the acute treatment of migraine. Esomeprazole magnesium increases intragastric pH, which may affect oral ubrogepant absorption. This open-label, nonrandomized, crossover trial evaluated esomeprazole magnesium's impact on the pharmacokinetics and safety of coadministered ubrogepant in healthy adults. Participants received ubrogepant 100 mg on day 1, esomeprazole magnesium 40 mg on days 9 to 13, and ubrogepant 100 mg with esomeprazole magnesium 40 mg on day 14. No effect on ubrogepant pharmacokinetics was concluded if 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratios were within 80% to 125% for comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters between ubrogepant + esomeprazole magnesium versus ubrogepant alone. Thirty participants enrolled (mean age, 31.7 years; 53.3% males). Ubrogepant peak plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ) decreased 23%, time to C<sub>max</sub> increased by 1.5 hours, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve was reduced by ≈10% when coadministered with esomeprazole magnesium versus ubrogepant alone. The 90% confidence interval of the geometric mean ratio for C<sub>max</sub> did not fall within the 80% to 125% equivalence range, but the decrease was not considered clinically meaningful. Esomeprazole magnesium coadministered with ubrogepant did not increase the incidence rate of treatment-emergent adverse events, and interactions between the medications are likely to have limited clinical relevance.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 — A Persistent Problem (1997)

In this issue of the Journal, Fleming and colleagues report that the age-adjusted seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in the United States is now 20.8 percent, an increase of approximately 30 percent over the 13 years between the second and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES II and III).1 The obvious inference from the increase in HSV-2 infections is that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases continues unabated, despite the substantial educational efforts made in response to the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In NHANES III, HSV-2 seropositivity correlated with a higher lifetime . . .
Insecticidal natural products: new rocaglamide derivatives from Aglaia roxburghiana (1999)

An Erratum for this article has been published in Pest Management Science 56(5) 493 (2000). In the course of the screening for novel, naturally occurring pesticides from the plant family Meliaceae, an extract of the stem bark of Aglaia roxburghiana was found to exhibit significant insecticidal activity. In addition to rocaglamide, a known insecticide isolated from several species of the genus Aglaia, 15 new natural products were isolated from this plant. Isolation and structure elucidation of the natural products is described. The outstanding insecticidal activities of some of the compounds as well as a structure–activity relationship study are presented. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
3D RuO<sub>2</sub> Microsupercapacitors with Remarkable Areal Energy (2015)

Large areal capacitance electrodes made of ruthenium oxide on highly porous gold current collectors are realized by an attractive approach. The hybrid structure exhibits a capacitance in excess of 3 F cm−2 and an areal energy density for all-solid-state microsupercapacitors that is comparable to those of microbatteries. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mission Analysis (2012)

Mission analysis refers to the complete set of assumptions regarding the operation of an aircraft and the resulting weight and fuel planning. Several parametric considerations can be added, including mission optimisation, environmental emissions and various commercial ormilitary trade-offs. This chapter illustrates how a detailed mission analysis can be carried out. We start by defining mission scenarios (§ 15.1) and the payload-range charts (§ 15.2). We then make a detailed qualitative and quantitative mission analysis (§ 15.3), including the problems of mission range and mission fuel (§ 15.4), the fuel-reserve policies (§ 15.5) and the short-range performance at MTOW(§ 15.6). In § 15.7 we discuss more advanced problems, such as service with an intermediate stop (§ 15.7.1), tankering (§ 15.7.2) and the point-of-no-return (§ 15.7.3).We proceed with the calculation of the direct operating costs (§ 15.8).We show some case studies: an aircraft selection problem (§ 15.9), a fuel mission planning for a transport aircraft (§ 15.10) and the effect of floats on the payload-range chart of a propeller airplane adapted with floats for water operations (§ 15.11). We close this chapter with an introduction to risk analysis in aircraft performance (§ 15.12).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and their characterization with oligonucleotide microarrays (2002)

Small variations in human DNA sequences influence our predisposition to disease and our response to medications. Many psychiatric diseases appear to be polygenic. Because our molecular understanding of the genetic etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is very limited, the discovery and characterization of these variations is crucial in identifying disease genes. Furthermore, this knowledge may enable the customized selection of drug treatments based on an individual's genotype so as to maximize efficacy yet avoid adverse side effects. Examples of findings using conventional methods for determining genotypes, as well as new and future technologies for the characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms, will be discussed, with a focus on psychiatric diseases and medications.
A modified fourier‐based phase unwrapping algorithm with an application to MRI venography (2008)

A fast and stable single-step deterministic method for unwrapping MRI phase maps is available for such applications as SWI and mapping of static magnetic field inhomogeneity.
Electromagnetic Design With Transformation Optics (2010)

Transformation optics is an emerging technique for the design of advanced electromagnetic media. Transformation optical devices exploit the form invariance of Maxwell's equations, allowing geometry to play the dominant role in the design process rather than traditional wave or ray optics. The use of coordinate transformations vastly eases the burden of design for a large class of devices, though at the expense of increasing the complexity of the underlying materials used. Although the required constitutive parameters of a transformation optical structure can be challenging—inherently anisotropic and spatially varying, with both magnetic and electric response—nevertheless the parameter requirements can often be met or approximated through the use of artificially structured metamaterials. Here, we review the basic concepts associated with transformation optics and provide several examples to illustrate its application.
Islet Pathology and the Pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Revisited (1985)

The present review draws attention to the diversity of islet lesions seen in human type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This heterogeneity of islet changes is best demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. In type 1 diabetes the endocrine pancreas is characterized by selective loss of B cells, which most likely results from a slowly acting autoimmune process depending on the presence of both genetic and environmental factors. The process starts years before overt diabetes develops and manifests when the B-cell volume is reduced by about 80%. In type 2 diabetes B cells are always present, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease, but lack any signs of functional activity. This reflects a secretory defect of the B cells which obviously becomes evident under the conditions of obesity, hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance. Obese but non-diabetic subjects show, in parallel to their hyperinsulinism, an increased B cell volume, suggesting that under prediabetic conditions the B cells have still the capacity to respond to increased functional demands by enhanced proliferation. In manifest diabetes the B cells have lost their proliferative potential. Whether this is due to an inherent defect or the consequence of a functional disturbance, is not clear. The development of islet amyloidosis most likely represents an associated functional abnormality of the B cell.
A pivotable head mounted camera system that is aligned by three-dimensional eye movements (2006)

The first proof of concept of an eye movement driven head camera system was recently presented. This innovative device utilized voluntary and reflexive eye movements, which were registered by video-oculography and computed online, as signals to drive servo motors which then aligned the camera along the user's gaze direction. However, with just two degrees of freedom, this camera motion device could not compensate for roll motions around the optical axis of the system. Therefore a new three-degree-of-freedom camera motion device that is able to reproduce the whole range of possible eye movements has now been implemented. In doing so, it allows a freely mobile user to aim the optical axis of the head mounted camera system at the target(s) in the visual field at which he/she is looking, while the ocular reflexes minimize image shaking by naturally counter-rolling the "gaze in space" of the camera during head and visual scene movements as well as during locomotion. A camera guided in this way mimics the natural exploration of a visual scene and acquires video sequences from the perspective of a mobile user, while the oculomotor reflexes naturally stabilize the camera on target during head and target movements. Various documentation and teaching applications in health care, industry, and research are conceivable. This work presents the implementation of the new camera motion device and its, integration into a head camera setup including the eye tracking device.
Design and Implementation of Client and Server Based on SCTP (2007)

With the development of IP network towards multi service network,new SCTP protocol will be utilized wide instead of TCP in next generation network.Analyze data transmision process in SCTP/IP protocol stack in the article.Introduce the socket programming model for developers using SCTP/IP protocol suite.And give an example about client and sever application using one to many socket model on Unix/Linux platform.
Modeling and Visualizing Security Properties of Code using Dependence Graphs (2005)

In this paper we discuss the problem of modeling security properties, including what we call the dual modeling problem, and ranking of potential vulnerabilities. The discussion is based on the results of a brief survey of eight existing static analysis tools and our own experience. We propose dependence graphs decorated with type and range information as a generic way of modeling security properties of code. These models can be used to characterize both good and bad programming practice as shown by our examples. They can also be used to visually explain code properties to the programmer. Finally, they can be used for pattern matching in static security analysis of code.