gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for automated contour quality assurance in radiation therapy including adaptive techniques (2015)

Contouring of targets and normal tissues is one of the largest sources of variability in radiation therapy treatment plans. Contours thus require a time intensive and error-prone quality assurance (QA) evaluation, limitations which also impair the facilitation of adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Here, an automated system for contour QA is developed using historical data (the 'knowledge base'). A pilot study was performed with a knowledge base derived from 9 contours each from 29 head-and-neck treatment plans. Size, shape, relative position, and other clinically-relevant metrics and heuristically derived rules are determined. Metrics are extracted from input patient data and compared against rules determined from the knowledge base; a computer-learning component allows metrics to evolve with more input data, including patient specific data for ART. Nine additional plans containing 42 unique contouring errors were analyzed. 40/42 errors were detected as were 9 false positives. The results of this study imply knowledge-based contour QA could potentially enhance the safety and effectiveness of RT treatment plans as well as increase the efficiency of the treatment planning process, reducing labor and the cost of therapy for patients.
Lebecetin, a C‐type lectin, inhibits choroidal and retinal neovascularization (2016)

Angiogenesis is a cause of visual impairment and blindness in the wet form of age-related macular degeneration and in ischemic retinopathies. Current therapies include use of anti-VEGF agents to reduce choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and edema. These treatments are effective in most cases, but spontaneous or acquired resistance to anti-VEGF and possible adverse effects of long-term VEGF inhibition in the retina and choroid highlight a need for additional alternative therapies. Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and stabilization, have been implicated in ocular angiogenesis. Lebecetin (LCT) is a 30-kDa heterodimeric C-type lectin that is isolated from <i>Macrovipera lebetina</i> venom and interacts with α5β1- and αv-containing integrins. We previously showed that LCT inhibits human brain microvascular endothelial cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and tubulogenesis. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of LCT on ocular angiogenesis, we cultured aortic and choroidal explants in the presence of LCT and analyzed the effect of LCT on CNV in the mouse CNV model and on retinal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Our data demonstrate that a single injection of LCT efficiently reduced CNV and retinal neovascularization in these models.-Montassar, F., Darche, M., Blaizot, A., Augustin, S., Conart, J.-B., Millet, A., Elayeb, M., Sahel, J.-A., Réaux-Le Goazigo, A., Sennlaub, F., Marrakchi, N., Messadi, E., Guillonneau, X. Lebecetin, a C-type lectin, inhibits choroidal and retinal neovascularization.
Integrated impedance-matched photonic Dirac-cone metamaterials (2015)

We design and fabricate an on-chip Dirac-cone metamaterial with impedance-matched zero index at 1550 nm. This design can serve as an on-chip platform to implement applications of Dirac-cone metamaterials in integrated photonics, such as supercoupling.
Acoustic Reflections Detection for Microphone Array Applications (2005)

In hands-free audio conferencing applications, microphone arrays [1] [2] using simple beamforming technique often cannot differentiate between the scenarios where (1) a single talker speaking in the presence of acoustic reflections, and (II) two individual talkers having a conversation. Various approaches have been proposed tosolve this problem [1]-[6]. However, most of these approaches are either beamforming technique specific or computational demanding. In this study, we proposed a new method that uses the maximum correlation lag to distinguish a new talker from acoustic reflections. The proposed method considers the power of beamformer outputs instead of raw microphone signals. Therefore, the proposed method allows any beamforming technique to be employed, and at the same time, lowers the computational requirement making a real time implementation possible. Experimental results performed in an anecholc chamber and in a reverberant room show that scenario I always has a greater amount of maximum correlation lag, whereas scenario II always results in less correlation lag. These results in less correlation lag. These results suggest that correlation lag could be used as an effective means for distinguishing talkers from reflections.
Eigenbeam beamforming for microphone arrays (2006)

In this talk, we describe a beamforming spherical microphone array consisting of many acoustic pressure sensors mounted appropriately on the surface of a rigid sphere. The associated beamformer is implemented in a two-stage process: a first stage that decomposes of the sound-field into spatially orthonormal spherical harmonics, which are called eigenbeams, and a second stage that combines the eigenbeams to form the overall output beampattern. It is shown that this approach allows for a computationally efficient, flexible, and scalable beamformer structure. As an example of beamforming flexibility, an acoustic zoom feature will be described. This application enables continuous variability of the beamwidth in a simple and elegant manner. Simultaneously, the array beampattern can be steered without affecting the beampattern shape. There are many applications for such a feature, one being the coordination of the acoustic and image scenes of microphone and a video camera.
Three Tightly Linked Genes Encoding Human Type I Keratins: Conservation of Sequence in the 5′-Untranslated Leader and 5′-Upstream Regions of Coexpressed Keratin Genes (1986)

We have isolated and subcloned three separate segments of human DNA which share strong sequence homology with a previously sequenced gene encoding a type I keratin, K14 (50 kilodaltons). Restriction endonuclease mapping has demonstrated that these three genes are tightly linked chromosomally, whereas the K14 gene appears to be separate. As judged by positive hybridization-translation and Northern blot analyses, the central linked gene encodes a keratin, K17, which is expressed in abundance with K14 and two other type I keratins in cultured human epidermal cells. None of these other epidermal keratin mRNAs appears to be generated from the K17 gene through differential splicing of its transcript. The sequence of the K17 gene reveals striking homologies not only with the coding portions and intron positions of the K14 gene, but also with its 5'-noncoding and 5'-upstream sequences. These similarities may provide an important clue in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the coexpression of the two genes.
Fluorosulfate Positive Electrode Materials Made with Polymers as Reacting Media (2010)

, which can be synthesized either via an ionothermal or solid-state route, stands as a possible alternative to for the next generation of Li-ion batteries. Here we demonstrate a different route to prepare this material. It consists of (i) combining stoichiometric amounts of and LiF in a powdered polymeric media, which has a low melting point and remains stable up to , and (ii) recovering and purifying the reacted powder by washing it in organic solvent. This method offers advantages in terms of both cost and kinetics while providing powders that have similar performances vs Li.
An automated algorithm for cell-level FISH dot counting (2013)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) dot counting is the process of enumerating chromosomal abnormalities in interphase cell nuclei. This process is widely used in many areas of biomedical research and diagnosis. We present a generic and fully automatic algorithm for cell-level counting of FISH dots in 2-D fluorescent images. Our proposed algorithm starts by segmenting cell nuclei in DAPI stained images using a 2-D wavelet based segmentation algorithm. Nuclei segmentation is followed by FISH dot detection and counting, which consists of three main steps. First, image pre-processing where median and top-hat filters are used to clean image noise, subtract background and enhance the contrast of the FISH dots. Second, FISH dot detection using a multi-level h-minima transform approach that accounts for the varying image contrast. Third, FISH dot counting where clustered FISH dots are separated using a local maxima detection-based method followed by FISH dot size filtering based on constraints to account for large connected components of tightly-clustered dots. To quantitatively assess the performance of our proposed FISH dot counting algorithm, automatic counting results were compared to manual counts of 880 cells selected from 19 invasive ductal breast carcinoma samples exhibiting varying degrees of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Cell-level dot counting accuracy was assessed using two metrics: cell classification agreement and dot-counting match. Our automatic results gave an overall cell-by-cell classification agreement of 88% and an overall accuracy of 81%.
High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides (2002)

Phosphor conversion of light-emitting diode light for white light sources and some monochrome applications requires particular phosphor properties and has to take into account specific issues if aimed at high-power output. Limitations and solutions will be discussed, giving special considerations to drive and temperature dependencies. Efficiencies of 32 lm/W for white with good color rendering at 4600 K and 35 lm/W for green (535 nm) have been demonstrated.
Angle-dependent ultrasonic detection and imaging of two types of brachytherapy seeds using singular spectrum analysis (2008)

Brachytherapy to treat prostate cancer uses transrectal ultrasound to guide implantation of titanium-shelled radioactive seeds. Transperitoneal implantation allows errors in placement that cause suboptimal dosimetry. Conventional ultrasound cannot reliably image implanted seeds; therefore, seed misplacements cannot be corrected in the operating room. Previously, an algorithm based on singular spectrum analysis was shown to image palladium seeds better than B-mode ultrasound could. The algorithm is now applied to imaging an iodine seed in gel and in beef tissue as a function of seed angle relative to the incident ultrasound. Results indicate that both seed types are imaged reliably by the algorithm.
Vapor spill pipe monitor (1983)

The invention is a method and apparatus for continually monitoring the composition of liquefied natural gas flowing from a spill pipe during a spill test by continually removing a sample of the LNG by means of a probe, gasifying the LNG in the probe, and sending the vaporized LNG to a remote ir gas detector for analysis. The probe comprises three spaced concentric tubes surrounded by a water jacket which communicates with a flow channel defined between the inner and middle, and middle and outer tubes. The inner tube is connected to a pump for providing suction, and the probe is positioned in the LNG flow below the spill pipe with the tip oriented partly downward so that LNG is continuously drawn into the inner tube through a small orifice. The probe is made of a high thermal conductivity metal. Hot water is flowed through the water jacket and through the flow channel between the three tubes to provide the necessary heat transfer to flash vaporize the LNG passing through the inner channel of the probe. The gasified LNG is transported through a connected hose or tubing extending from the probe to a remote ir sensor which measures the gasmore » composition.« less
Progress in the discovery of selective, high affinity A2B adenosine receptor antagonists as clinical candidates (2008)

The selective, high affinity A(2B) adenosine receptor (AdoR) antagonists that were synthesized by several research groups should aid in determining the role of the A(2B) AdoR in inflammatory diseases like asthma or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and angiogenic diseases like diabetic retinopathy or cancer. CV Therapeutics scientists discovered the selective, high affinity A(2B) AdoR antagonist 10, a 8-(4-pyrazolyl)-xanthine derivative [CVT-6883, K(i)(hA(2B)) = 22 nM; K(i)(hA(1)) = 1,940 nM; K(i)(hA(2A)) = 3,280; and K(i)(hA(3)) = 1,070 nM] that has favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (t (1/2) = 4 h and F > 35% rat). Compound 10 demonstrated functional antagonism at the A(2B) AdoR (K(B) = 6 nM) and efficacy in a mouse model of asthma. In two phase 1 clinical trials, CVT-6883 was found to be safe, well tolerated, and suitable for once daily dosing. A second compound 20, 8-(5-pyrazolyl)-xanthine, has been nominated for development from Baraldi's group in conjunction with King Pharmaceuticals that has favorable A(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity [K(i)(hA(2B)) = 5.5 nM; K(i)(hA(1)) > 1,000 nM; K(i)(hA(2A)) > 1,000; and K(i)(hA(3)) > 1,000 nM], and it has been demonstrated to be a functional antagonist. A third compound 32, a 2-aminopyrimidine, from the Almirall group has high A(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity [K(i)(hA(2B)) = 17 nM; K(i)(hA(1)) > 1,000 nM; K(i)(hA(2A)) > 2,500; and K(i)(hA(3)) > 1,000 nM], and 32 has been moved into preclinical safety testing. Since three highly selective, high affinity A(2B) AdoR antagonists have been nominated for development with 10 (CVT-6883) being the furthest along in the development process, the role of the A(2B) AdoR in various disease states will soon be established.
A folding inhibitor of the HIV-1 Protease (2005)

Being the HIV-1 Protease (HIV-1-PR) an essential enzyme in the viral life cycle, its inhibition can control AIDS. The folding of single domain proteins, like each of the monomers forming the HIV-1-PR homodimer, is controlled by local elementary structures (LES, folding units stabilized by strongly interacting, highly conserved, as a rule hydrophobic, amino acids). These LES have evolved over myriad of generations to recognize and strongly attract each other, so as to make the protein fold fast and be stable in its native conformation. Consequently, peptides displaying a sequence identical to those segments of the monomers associated with LES are expected to act as competitive inhibitors and thus destabilize the native structure of the enzyme. These inhibitors are unlikely to lead to escape mutants as they bind to the protease monomers through highly conserved amino acids which play an essential role in the folding process. The properties of one of the most promising inhibitors of the folding of the HIV-1-PR monomers found among these peptides is demonstrated with the help of spectrophotometric assays and CD spectroscopy.
Impact of residual plaque burden after balloon angioplasty in the MultiVitamins and Probucol (MVP) trial. (2001)

The presence after balloon angioplasty of a CSA narrowing of 67.6% or less on IVUS or a diameter stenosis of 35% or less on QCA is associated, in patients treated with probucol, with extremely low rates of coronary restenosis and repeat angioplasty.
Reflex Tetrode with Unidirectional Ion Flow (1978)

Experimental results are reported which show that the backward-directed (and unusable) ion current in a reflex triode can be almost completely suppressed by adding a second anode, made of aluminized Mylar, 0.5 cm from the existing polyethylene anode. Proton-generation efficiencies in excess of 50% have been obtained.
Four-dimensional dynamic flow measurement by holographic particle image velocimetry (2005)

The ultimate goal of holographic particle image velocimetry (HPIV) is to provide space- and time-resolved measurement of complex flows. Recent new understanding of holographic imaging of small particles, pertaining to intrinsic aberration and noise in particular, has enabled us to elucidate fundamental issues in HPIV and implement a new HPIV system. This system is based on our previously reported off-axis HPIV setup, but the design is optimized by incorporating our new insights of holographic particle imaging characteristics. Furthermore, the new system benefits from advanced data processing algorithms and distributed parallel computing technology. Because of its robustness and efficiency, for the first time to our knowledge, the goal of both temporally and spatially resolved flow measurements becomes tangible. We demonstrate its temporal measurement capability by a series of phase-locked dynamic measurements of instantaneous three-dimensional, three-component velocity fields in a highly three-dimensional vortical flow-the flow past a tab.
Dual-time-point Patlak estimation from list mode PET data (2012)

550 Objectives To develop method that can compute voxel-wise estimates of Patlak parameters using two frames of data for each bed position, which in turn can be used to obtain whole-body dynamic PET using dual-time-point PET data. Methods We previously developed method to directly compute the Patlak parametric image using list-mode arrival time of each event [1] in a single frame. Here we extend this approach to use the list mode data from two frames at separate time points. We evaluate performance of this method in comparison to fractional changes in SUV values computed from the same two frames of data. The area under ROC curves is used as a figure of merit to assess the relative performance of these two approaches in differentiating tumor from background. We calculate ROC curves using 4D Monte Carlo simulations of tumors with a range of sizes in a uniform background. Results The simulation shows our dual-time-point Patlak estimation method is more accurate than the fractional changes in SUV (table 1). More importantly, it indicates that for the small tumors, the areas under the ROC curve are lower for percentage SUV than for Patlak estimation (Fig. 1). Conclusions Our dual-time-point Patlak estimation method could achieve superior differentiation of tumor from background in small tumors compared to using fractional changes in SUV computed from the same dual-time-point data
Community-based bayesian aggregation models for crowdsourcing (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of extracting accurate labels from crowdsourced datasets, a key challenge in crowdsourcing. Prior work has focused on modeling the reliability of individual workers, for instance, by way of confusion matrices, and using these latent traits to estimate the true labels more accurately. However, this strategy becomes ineffective when there are too few labels per worker to reliably estimate their quality. To mitigate this issue, we propose a novel community-based Bayesian label aggregation model, CommunityBCC, which assumes that crowd workers conform to a few different types, where each type represents a group of workers with similar confusion matrices. We assume that each worker belongs to a certain community, where the worker's confusion matrix is similar to (a perturbation of) the community's confusion matrix. Our model can then learn a set of key latent features: (i) the confusion matrix of each community, (ii) the community membership of each user, and (iii) the aggregated label of each item. We compare the performance of our model against established aggregation methods on a number of large-scale, real-world crowdsourcing datasets. Our experimental results show that our CommunityBCC model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art label aggregation methods, requiring, on average, 50% less data to pass the 90% accuracy mark.
Study of the three-dimensional shape measurement for mask patterns using Multiple Detector CD-SEM (2011)

The Multiple Detector CD-SEM acquires the secondary electron from pattern surface at each detector. The 3D shape and height of mask patterns are generated by adding or subtracting signal profile of each detector. In signal profile of the differential image formed in difference between left and right detector signal, including concavo-convex information of mask patterns. Therefore, the 3D shape of mask patterns can be obtained by integrating differential signal profile. This time, we found that proportional relation between pattern height and shadow length on one side of pattern edge. In this paper, we will report experimental results of pattern height measurement. The accuracy of measurement and side wall angle dependency are studied. The proposal method is applied to OMOG masks.
Intradural approach to selective stimulation in the spinal cord for treatment of intractable pain: design principles and wireless protocol (2011)

We introduce an intradural approach to spinal cord stimulation for the relief of intractable pain, and describe the biophysical rationale that underlies its design and performance requirements. The proposed device relies on wireless, inductive coupling between a pial surface implant and its epidural controller, and we present the results of benchtop experiments that demonstrate the ability to transmit and receive a frequency-modulated 1.6 MHz carrier signal between micro-coil antennae scaled to the ≈ 1 cm dimensions of the implant, at power levels of about 5 mW. Plans for materials selection, microfabrication, and other aspects of future development are presented and discussed.
Specified value based defect depth prediction using pulsed thermography (2012)

Several methods have been reported in the literature using pulsed thermography for quantitative measurement of defect depth or sample thickness. In this paper, based on the analysis of a theoretical one-dimensional solution of pulsed thermography, a new method was proposed to first multiply the original temperature decay with square root of the corresponding time to obtain a monotonically increasing function f. A specific time was obtained by setting f equals to a predefined value, the theoretical model shows that the obtained specific time has linear relation with square of defect depth, which was verified with the experimental results of one aluminum and one glass fiber reinforced polymer specimen machined with six flat-bottom wedges as simulated defects. This linearity can be used for defect depth prediction in pulsed thermography.
Synthesis of high dynamic range motion blur free image from multiple captures (2003)

Advances in CMOS image sensors enable high-speed image readout, which makes it possible to capture multiple images within a normal exposure time. Earlier work has demonstrated the use of this capability to enhance sensor dynamic range. This paper presents an algorithm for synthesizing a high dynamic range, motion blur free, still image from multiple captures. The algorithm consists of two main procedures, photocurrent estimation and saturation and motion detection. Estimation is used to reduce read noise, and, thus, to enhance dynamic range at the low illumination end. Saturation detection is used to enhance dynamic range at the high illumination end as previously proposed, while motion blur detection ensures that the estimation is not corrupted by motion. Motion blur detection also makes it possible to extend exposure time and to capture more images, which can be used to further enhance dynamic range at the low illumination end. Our algorithm operates completely locally; each pixel's final value is computed using only its captured values, and recursively, requiring the storage of only a constant number of values per pixel independent of the number of images captured. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range, and the motion blur prevention achieved using the algorithm.
Low-density, salt-loaded foams. [RbF] (1979)

An experiment was conducted at LLL that required low-density, fine-celled foams uniformly loaded with rubidium. Foams meeting these requirements were produced by impregnating foams made from polyacrylonitrile with rubidium fluoride. Foams with densities from 0.025 to 0.4 g/cm/sup 3/ were prepared and loaded with 0.002 to 0.20 g/cm/sup 3/ of rubidium fluoride.