gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optische Übertragung phasensynchroner Taktsignale unter Verwendung des Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Verfahrens (2009)

Es wird ein System präsentiert, das Zeitinformationen an räumlich getrennten Punkten mit einer Genauigkeit im Picosekunden-Bereich bereitstellen kann. Diese Zeitinformationen sollen dazu genutzt werden, die Beschleuniger- und Speicherringe von FAIR (Facility for Antiproton an Ion Research) zu synchronisieren. Zur Ansteuerung der Hochfrequenz-Kavitäten dieser Ringbeschleuniger werden Signale mit unterschiedlichen Phasenlagen und Frequenzen (0,4 bis 5,4 MHz) benötigt. Einige Frequenzen dieser Signale sind aufgrund der sogenannten Rampenansteuerung während der Beschleunigung variabel. Um dies zu ermöglichen, hat das hier entwickelte System die Aufgabe, mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Taktsignale phasensynchron an verschiedenen Stellen der Anlage, die bis zu 1 km auseinander liegen können, bereitzustellen. Mit Hilfe dieser Taktsignale können dann Frequenzgeneratoren synchronisiert werden, die die eigentlich benötigten Signale für die Kavitäten erzeugen. Aufgrund des universellen Charakters der bereitgestellten Zeitinformation können mit ihrer Hilfe neben der Ansteuerung der Kavitäten auch andere Prozesse synchronisiert werden. Zur Übertragung der Taktsignale wird ein optisches Netzwerk mit DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex)-Verfahren verwendet. Die Laufzeit der Taktsignale wird gemessen und ein Referenzgenerator erzeugt mit Hilfe der Laufzeitinformation am Ende jeder Übertragungsstrecke eine phasensynchrone und –stabile Zeitreferenz. Da aufgrund von Umwelteinflüssen die Laufzeiten der Taktsignale nicht konstant sind, müssen sie regelmäßig erfasst werden. Die Eigenschaften des Systems werden eingehend untersucht und es werden Wege zur Optimierung der verschiedenen Teilfunktionen aufgezeigt. Mit einem Prototyp des Systems konnte eine Genauigkeit der Zeitinformation von 21,2 ps im Mittel erreicht werden. Die kurzzeitigen Schwankungen weisen eine Standardabweichung von 7,57 ps auf. Neben der Beschreibung eines konkreten Systems enthält diese Arbeit viele allgemeingültige Informationen und neu gewonnene Erkenntnisse zum Thema Zeitübermittlung, insbesondere zu Phasenschwankungen, Rauschen, Reflexionen und Veränderungen der Signallaufzeit in einem Glasfaserkabel durch Umwelteinflüsse. Außerdem sind hier erstmals die bisher eingesetzten Methoden zur Verteilung phasenstabiler Referenzsignale in den Hauptanwendungsbereichen Teilchenbeschleuniger und Radioteleskope zusammenfassend beschrieben worden.
Cross-reactivity of anti-galactocerebroside autoantibodies with a<i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>proteolipidic epitope (2000)

Pathogenic mechanisms of the demyelinating encephalopathy featuring the nervous phase of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are largely unknown. They might include autoimmune disorders. A variety of autoantibodies is detected during the disease and we have previously evidenced anti-galactocerebroside (GalC) antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients in the nervous stage (stage II) of HAT. We now show that anti-GalC antibodies recognize an antigen located on the parasite membrane and common to different strains of trypanosomes. By using affinity chromatography with a rabbit anti-GalC antiserum, a 52-kD proteolipid was isolated from the membrane of Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) brucei AnTat 1.9, AnTat 1. 1E, and T. b. rhodesiense Etat 1.2/R and Etat 1.2/S. Antibodies directed against this antigen were found in the CSF from patients with nervous stage HAT. These CSF also contained anti-GalC antibodies and adsorption with the proteolipid decreased anti-GalC reactivity. Immunization of mice with this antigen induced the production of antibodies which cross-reacted with GalC but no protection from experimental infection with T. b. brucei. These data support the hypothesis that anti-GalC antibodies detected in the CSF from HAT patients might be induced by molecular mimicry with a parasite antigen.
En torno a la figura de Luis de las Casas: un gobierno de transición (1991)

These findings suggest that 0.1% or 1.0% polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether could be used as an enhancer for detection of vertical root fractures by DIAGNOdent using MB solution.
High-Repetition-Rate Subpicosecond Source of Fiber-Amplified Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Semiconductor Laser Pulses (2008)

We report a 6-GHz fundamental repetition-rate source of 545-fs pulses with 1.5-W average power at 1042.6 nm, based on ytterbium-doped fiber amplification of a Stark mode-locked vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser.
Open circuit fault detection and localization in modular multilevel converter (2016)

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become attractive since being proposed for high voltage/power applications with their properties such as scalability, efficiency, redundancy and high quality output voltage and current. MMCs are comprised of many submodules which are typically made of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and diodes in the form of half-bridge cell and failure of these switches can be a major system operation and reliability issue. In this study, detection and localization of the submodule IGBT's open-circuit fault is investigated using a 5-level MMC model. Phase shifted pulse width modulation, circulating current suppression controller and voltage sorting-balancing algorithm are applied to get proper results in open loop condition. The proposed method is validated using Matlab/Simulink computer simulations.
Model-Based Performance Optimization of Generalized Snapshot Isolation in Database System (2012)

This paper proposes probabilistic models for snapshot isolation of database management system. The snapshot isolation is known as an effective method to enhance the performance of database system. However, it degrades the system performance in the case where the system has large network latency such as distributed database system. This paper presents probabilistic models for the dynamics of snapshot isolation of database system and exhibits the optimization of system performance with respect to snapshot isolation from the analytical point of view.
Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals (2020)

The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Generation of iPSCs from domesticated animals would provide unrestricted cell resources for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation of these species, for screening and establishing desired traits for sustainable agricultural production, and as veterinary and preclinical therapeutic tools for animal and human diseases. Induced PSCs from domesticated animals thus harbor enormous scientific, economical, and societal values. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of PSCs from these species, major obstacles remain precluding the exclamation of the establishment of bona fide iPSCs. The most prominent of them remain the inability of these cells to silence exogenous reprogramming factors, the obvious reliance on exogenous factors for their self-renewal, and the restricted development potential in vivo. In this review, we summarize the history and current progress in domestic farm animal iPSC generation, with a focus on swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens). We also discuss the problems associated with the farm animal iPSCs and potential future directions toward the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals.
High-Speed photographic observation of flow boiling of water in parallel mini-channels (2001)

The use of smaller passage dimensions is becoming more prevalent in flow boiling applications. Passages with hydraulic diameters on the order of 1mm provide higher heat transfer coefficients resulting in more compact heat exchanger arrangements. Passages with 1mm hydraulic diameters do not pose severe clogging or blocking constraints as opposed to micro-channels and have a less pronounced pressure drop penalty. The present paper explores the flow regimes during flow boiling of water in mini-channels. High-speed photography is used to obtain visual pictures of the flow phenomena from subcooled flow boiling all the way to critical heat flux conditions. The tests include one single-channel and a set of six parallel channels with electric heating from three sides of the channel. The top cover is made of Lexan to permit visual observations. The results are used to identify specific features of flow boiling in smaller diameter mini-channels. NOMENCLATURE Ac: Cross-Section area G: Mass flux of water through test section ()cAm m : Mass flow rate of water through test section (kg/s) Q”: Heat flux through channel walls to water (kW/m2) TA: bulk temperature at the test section inlet (°C) TB: bulk temperature at the test section outlet (°C) TS: Average surface temperature of the test section (°C) x: vapor mass fraction at outlet ()fluidvapor mm
Metric Strand Spaces for Locale Authentication Protocols (2010)

Location-dependent services are services that adapt their behavior based on the locations of mobile devices. For many applications, it is critical that location-dependent services use trustworthy device locations, namely locations that are both accurate and recent. These properties are captured by a security goal called locale authentication whereby an entity can authenticate the physical location of a device, even in the presence of malicious adversaries. In this paper, we present a systematic technique for verifying that location discovery protocols satisfy this security goal. We base our work on the strand space theory which provides a framework for determining which security goals a cryptographic protocol achieves. We extend this theory with a metric that captures the geometric properties of time and space. We use the extended theory to prove that several prominent location discovery protocols including GPS do not satisfy the locale authentication goal. We also analyze a location discovery protocol that does satisfy the goal under some reasonable assumptions.
‘I love hands-on care’ (2013)

Enrolled nurse training was phased out in the UK during the 1980s, but most English-speaking countries retain second-level nurses and in Australia and New Zealand the role is flourishing. Enrolled nurses can take on a high level of responsibility while maintaining close contact with patients. They are an attractive option for employers. In the UK there seems little prospect that enrolled nurse will be revived.
An absent family of ideas (2006)

In 1865 Isaac Todhunter published A History of the Mathematical Theory of Probability from the Time of Pascal to that of Laplace. It remains an authoritative survey of nearly all work between 1654 and 1812. Its title is exactly right. There was hardly any history to record before Pascal, while after Laplace probability was so well understood that a page-by-page account of published work on the subject became almost impossible. Just six of the 618 pages of text in Todhunter's book discuss Pascal's predecessors. Subsequent scholarship can do better but even now we can light on only a few earlier memoranda and unpublished notes. Yet in ‘the time of Pascal’ all manner of citizens recognized the emergent idea of probability. A philosophical history must not only record what happened around 1660, but must also speculate on how such a fundamental concept as probability could emerge so suddenly.
Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIB, Sixth Edition: Systems and Networks (2013)

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections. Volume B is devoted to systems and networks, including advanced modulation formats, coherent detection, Tb/s channels, space-division multiplexing, reconfigurable networks, broadband access, undersea cable, satellite communications, and microwave photonics. All the latest technologies and techniques for developing future components and systemsEdited by two winners of the highly prestigious OSA/IEEE John Tyndal award and a President of IEEE's Lasers & Electro-Optics Society (7,000 members)Written by leading experts in the field, it is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference on optical engineering on the market
HW/SW codesign of an engine management system (2000)

The design process for an engine management system is presented. The functional specification of the system has been captured using C and C++ as specification languages. The validation of the specification has been carried out using functional simulation. Then an architecture for the implementation of the functional specification is selected among a set of three possible alternatives, all based on the same micro-controller, characterized by different hardware-software trade-offs. The choice is motivated by a fast performance estimation that can also be used to identify the parts of the design that could be moved across the hardware-software partition to obtain better cost or better performance. The case study has been performed in the Felix VCC framework.
Preliminary 3D TCAD electro-thermal simulations of BIMOS transistor in thin silicon film for ESD protection in FDSOI UTBB CMOS technology (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ESD device electro-thermal behavior of BIMOS transistors integrated in ultrathin silicon film for 28 nm FDSOI UTBB high-k metal gate technology. This evaluation is based on 3D TCAD simulations with classical physical models using Average Current Slope (ACS) method and quasi-static DC stress (Average Voltage Slope (AVS) method). We show how the series resistance and the thermal resistance impact the average and peak temperatures in these devices.
Risk factors of tumor lysis syndrome in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients undergoing BCMA CAR-T cell therapy (2022)

Relapsed/refractory MM patients undergoing BCMA CAR-T therapy shows high incidence of TLS, which are related to elevated levels of serum creatinine and severe CRS. TLS can be prevented clinically by reducing serum creatinine and controlling CRS severity.
Recent cancer drug development with xanthone structures (2009)

Objectives Xanthones are simple three-membered ring compounds that are mainly found as secondary metabolites in higher plants and microorganisms. Xanthones have very diverse biological profiles, including antihypertensive, antioxidative, antithrombotic and anticancer activity, depending on their diverse structures, which are modified by substituents on the ring system. Although several reviews have already been published on xanthone compounds, few of them have focused on the anticancer activity of xanthone derivatives. In this review we briefly summarize natural and synthetic xanthone compounds which have potential as anticancer drugs. Key findings The interesting structural scaffold and pharmacological importance of xanthone derivatives have led many scientists to isolate or synthesize these compounds as novel drug candidates. In the past, extensive research has been conducted to obtain xanthone derivatives from natural resources as well as through synthetic chemistry. Xanthones interact with various pharmacological targets based on the different substituents on the core ring. The anticancer activities of xanthones are also dramatically altered by the ring substituents and their positions. Summary The biological activities of synthetic xanthone derivatives depend on the various substituents and their position. Study of the biological mechanism of action of xanthone analogues, however, has not been conducted extensively compared to the diversity of xanthone compounds. Elucidation of the exact biological target of xanthone compounds will provide better opportunities for these compounds to be developed as potent anticancer drugs. At the same time, modification of natural xanthone derivatives aimed at specific targets is capable of expanding the biological spectrum of xanthone compounds.
Scene-Adaptive RGB-to-RGBW Conversion Using Retinex Theory-Based Color Preservation (2012)

This paper proposes a retinex theory-based approach to RGB-to-RGBW conversion that preserves the human color perception within a pre-determined level of color distortion for RGBW displays. The proposed method primarily consists of two procedures. In the first, it searches for the maximum intensity level that induces no color distortion for a given image by extracting the white spectra from the common components of the RGB primary colors and adjusting all the pixels' gains uniformly. In the second, the proposed method applies an additional gain to each pixel based on its chromaticness and controls the color distortions arising from the individual gains using the color perception estimated by retinex theory and a feedback mechanism. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was more effective than conventional methods in terms of intensity increment and color preservation. For Kodak test images, the proposed method increased the average intensity by 1.4987 times with a color-distortion level of 0.0094 compared to reference RGB displays, whereas the conventional methods increased the average intensity by 0.8624-1.3429 times with color-distortion levels of 0.0325-0.0682. The surplus intensity yielded by the proposed method can be used to dynamically reduce the power consumption of a liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight or to provide brighter images on LCDs.
Nanoindentation in Materials Science (2012)

Nanotechnologies have already attracted massive interest in multiple fields of science and industry. In the past decades, we have witnessed the progress in micro-level experimental techniques that revolutionize the material science. Designing new materials based on the knowledge of mechanics of their building blocks and microstructure manipulations at nanometer scale have become a reality. Nanoindentation, as a leading micro-level mechanical testing technique, has attracted wide attention in numerous research fields and applications. Nowadays, an extensive variety of testing areas ranging from classical thin coatings in machinery engineering, electronics and composites to far fields of civil engineering, biomechanics, implantology or even agriculture can be covered with this universal testing tool. The book aims to be a walk through achievements in some of the distant fields and to give a brief overview of the current frontiers in nanoindentation. Although it is not possible to cover the whole width of the possible themes in one book, it is believed that the reader will benefit from the topics variety and the book will serve as a useful source of literature references.
Efficient Multi-Person Pose Estimation with Provable Guarantees (2017)

Multi-person pose estimation (MPPE) in natural images is key to the meaningful use of visual data in many fields including movement science, security, and rehabilitation. In this paper we tackle MPPE with a bottom-up approach, starting with candidate detections of body parts from a convolutional neural network (CNN) and grouping them into people. We formulate the grouping of body part detections into people as a minimum-weight set packing (MWSP) problem where the set of potential people is the power set of body part detections. We model the quality of a hypothesis of a person which is a set in the MWSP by an augmented tree-structured Markov random field where variables correspond to body-parts and their state-spaces correspond to the power set of the detections for that part. We describe a novel algorithm that combines efficiency with provable bounds on this MWSP problem. We employ an implicit column generation strategy where the pricing problem is formulated as a dynamic program. To efficiently solve this dynamic program we exploit the problem structure utilizing a nested Bender's decomposition (NBD) exact inference strategy which we speed up by recycling Bender's rows between calls to the pricing problem. We test our approach on the MPII-Multiperson dataset, showing that our approach obtains comparable results with the state-of-the-art algorithm for joint node labeling and grouping problems, and that NBD achieves considerable speed-ups relative to a naive dynamic programming approach. Typical algorithms that solve joint node labeling and grouping problems use heuristics and thus can not obtain proofs of optimality. Our approach, in contrast, proves that for over 99 percent of problem instances we find the globally optimal solution and otherwise provide upper/lower bounds.
The molecular biology of the streptomyces snp locus / (2000)

The Streptomyces are producers of numerous extracellular hydrolases.Among these enzymes, the small neutral metalloproteinases, typified by SnpA from Streptomyces sp.strain C5, is imique among metalloproteinases because o f its small size and atypical aspartyl zinc-binding residue.The snp locus o f Streptomyces sp.strain C5, which encodes SnpA, is comprised o f the snpA proteinase gene and the divergently oriented snpR gene.SnpR, a LysR-like transcriptional regulator activates snpA transcription by about 35-fold compared to non-activated levels.The transcriptional start points o f the two genes were determined, and one o f the interesting features found is that snpA is transcribed as a leaderless mRNA species.The transcriptional properties o f the Streptomyces sp.strain C5 snp locus were harnessed to generate a family of expression and expression-secretion vectors for heterologous gene expression in Streptomyces, and were validated by expressing and secreting recombinant human endostatin from S. lividans such that it remained soluble in the extracellular milieu.A panel o f Streptomyces was also screened using PGR for ^np-like DNA, and 33 out of the 96 strains tested gave positive results.Twelve amplification products were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed.Comparison of the new and published sequences revealed that the Streptomyces snp loci from diverse species have significant similarity in both the 5' snpR region and the snpA region encoding the mature proteinase, but substantially lower similarity in the intergenic region, and the 5' end o f snp A encoding the signal peptide and propeptide.Phylogenetic analysis of the loci suggested that, although distributed widely among the Streptomyces taxa, monophyletic relationships exist between the snp loci of: i) S. fradiae and S.
Glucoregulatory, hormonal, and metabolic responses to endotoxicosis or cecal ligation and puncture sepsis in the rat: a direct comparison. (1990)

This study characterized the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis and the bolus endotoxin model of sepsis in rats with regard to specific hormonal, metabolic, and glucoregulatory changes which occur during the early, compensatory phases of sepsis. Plasma levels of glucose, lactate, insulin, and glucagon were measured during the initial 5 hr of endotoxicosis and CLP sepsis. During this time period, endotoxic and CLP septic rats displayed similar metabolic changes, particularly hyperglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia relative to their respective control groups. The metabolic and hormonal similarities observed between these two models of sepsis are consistent with the concept that endotoxin plays a role as a mediator of human and animal sepsis.