gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Comparison of nonlinear estimation for ballistic missile tracking</title> (2003)

Approaches towards nonlinear state estimation have been recently advanced to include more accurate and stable alternatives. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the first and most widely used approach (applied as early as the late 1960's and developed into the early 1980's), uses potentially unstable derivative-based linearization of nonlinear process and/or measurement dynamics. The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), developed after around 1994, approximates a distribution about the mean using a set of calculated sigma points. The Central Difference Filter (CDF), or Divided Difference Filter (DDF), developed after around 1997, uses divided difference approximations of derivatives based on Stirling's interpolation formula and results in a similar mean, but a different covariance from the EKF and using techniques based on similar principles to those of the UKF. This paper compares the performance of the three approaches above to the problem of Ballistic Missile tracking under various sensor configurations, target dynamics, measurement update / sensor communication rate and measurement noise. The importance of filter stability in some cases is emphasized as the EKF shows possible divergence due to linearization errors and overconfident state covariance while the UKF shows possibly slow convergence due to overly large state covariance approximations. The CDF demonstrates relatively consistent stability, despite its similarities to the UKF. The requirement that the UKF expected state covariance is positive definite is demonstrated to be unrealistic in a case involving multi-sensor fusion, indicating the necessity for its reportedly more robust and efficient square-root implementation. Strategies for taking advantage of the strengths (and avoiding the weaknesses) of each filter are proposed.
Implant treatment planning and rehabilitation of the anterior maxilla: Part 1. (2001)

Implant-supported restorations have become very popular in the management of the partially or completely edentulous patient. Success depends on attentive treatment planning and coordinated teamwork between the surgeon and the restoring dentist. Implants placed in the anterior maxilla require special attention due to esthetic considerations. This article describes the management of a severely resorbed anterior maxilla using principles of guided bone regeneration followed by implant-supported restorations. This case illustrates some of the problems that can arise during the course of treatment.
Molecular predictors of outcome and response to bevacizumab (BEV) based on analysis of RTOG 0825, a phase III trial comparing chemoradiation (CRT) with and without BEV in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). (2013)

LBA2010 Background: RTOG 0825 evaluated the addition of BEV to standard CRT in the treatment of GBM and included molecular stratification that assessed the degree of mesenchymal (MES) gene enrichment. We investigated the ability of the MES signature to predict response to BEV. Methods: Sufficient FFPE tissue for molecular analysis was available for 650 registered, eligible patients. TaqMan PCR was performed prospectively using the molecular stratifier on all patients and an expanded 43 member MES set on 234 cases. A subset of specimens was subjected to whole genome expression profiling (GEP). Predictive models were evaluated for their ability to predict survival (overall, OS, and progression-free, PFS) in the training cohort of the BEV arm after adjusting for prognostic factors and treatment arm. Unsupervised clustering of GEP data was used to identify molecular subsets and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) performed to evaluate for MES enrichment. Results: We observed a significant association between increasing MES signature and worse PFS and OS in the BEV arm (p=0.036 and p=0.032, respectively). Based on the association between high MES expression and poor outcome in the BEV arm, we sought to optimize a predictor using an expanded set of MES genes. Unbiased gene selection from a total of 43 genes followed by radial basis machine modeling identified a 10-gene predictor of outcome in the BEV arm (p<0.001/HR 4.04 for OS and p<0.001/HR 2.21 for PFS). To further support the association of MES enrichment and poor outcome in the BEV arm, we performed GEP. Unsupervised clustering identified a subtype of tumors with MES enrichment associated with the 10-gene predictor survival probability (p=0.0124, t-test). Ongoing studies will determine the extent to which this represents a predictive marker for BEV. Conclusions: We developed a 10-gene predictor specific to BEV treatment and suitable for FFPE that may serve to identify subsets of patients with newly diagnosed GBM who benefit from BEV. Supported by RTOG grant U10 CA21661, CCOP grant U10 CA37422, and Brain SPORE P50 CA127001 from the NCI and Genentech. Clinical trial information: NCT00884741.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin, a reliable endogenous marker for intestinal protein loss and its application in patients with Crohn's disease. (1983)

Intestinal protein loss is generally determined by radio-labelled macromolecules. Alpha 1-antitrypsin has been proposed as an endogenous marker for protein losing enteropathy, but different opinions exist about its reliability. In 25 patients with Crohn's disease faecal protein loss was studied with intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) clearance. Simultaneously, in 10 patients alpha 1AT clearance was compared with faecal 51Cr clearance after intravenous 51Cr-albumin injection. There was a linear relation (p less than 0.05) between alpha 1AT clearance and 51Cr clearance in these cases. In all patients alpha 1AT clearance was raised above control values. alpha 1AT clearance, however, did not correlate with the activity index of Crohn's disease. This index does not contain direct criteria of intestinal inflammation, does not take into account localisation or extent of inflammation, and includes complications such as extraintestinal manifestations, fistuli, stenoses not necessarily related to actual mucosal involvement. It is concluded that alpha 1AT is a reliable marker for intestinal protein loss and that the intestinal changes of Crohn's disease generally lead to an increased protein exudation into the gut.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils, Formulated Preparations, and Biscuits (2000)

A precise and selective liquid chromatographic procedure for determining tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in vegetable oils, formulated preparations, and biscuits was developed and validated. The proposed method quantitates vitamin E in better conditions of recoverability and reproducibility than the standard saponification procedure. Tocopherols and tocotrienols were extracted in hexane from vegetable oils, passed through a silica Sep-pak, chromatographed on a mu-Bondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water (95 + 5, v/v), identified at 292 nm, and detected with fluorescence procedure (excitation 296 nm, and emission 330 nm). The correlation coefficient on the calibration curve was 0.9995 over the range of 0.1 to 100 microg/mL. Overall recovery of vitamin E isomers was 93%; coefficients of variation for intra- and interday precision, < 2.25%. The results obtained from extraction methods 1 (with saponification) and 2 (without saponification) were compared by ANOVA test. Significant differences appeared between vitamin E isomers (p < or = 0.05).
MEC for Fair, Reliable and Efficient Media Streaming in Mobile Networks (2019)

Beyond the advanced radio capabilities, 5G means a digital transformation, catalyzed by cloud technologies, making the networks agile and broader. However, high and quick dynamics in dense client cells consuming live broadcast contents can cause Quality of Experience (QoE) degradations. Here, inaccurate bandwidth assessment of media players drives to buffering times along with quality fluctuations. Moreover, massive recurrent requests can negatively impact on Content Delivery Network (CDN) performance. Complemented by capillarity and zero-latency features of multi-access edge computing (MEC) systems, 5G infrastructures will expand media services to take QoE to a new level. This paper investigates QoE gains of an MEC enabled infrastructure. The proposed MEC system applies three video delivery mechanisms. First, it enforces the QoE in a congested cell. Second, it shields from CDN degradation for a reliable content distribution. Third, it enhances network core and backhaul efficiency saving CDN traffic. Furthermore, our solution is deployed and tested on a LTE infrastructure. Results for live streams show that the MEC system makes the media players tend to a common and high quality bitrate, and it is able to quickly, transparently and coordinately switch to healthy CDN infrastructures and reduce CDN traffic.
Special Report The Transformation Imperative: Why the social and economic forces disrupting healthcare are here to stay: Costs, consumerism driving innovation. (2017)

Healthcare systems are moving on multiple fronts to innovate in the ways they deliver care. The movement is being driven not just by the national imperative to improve quality and lower costs, but by the growing realization that patient-facing digital technologies could soon disrupt the traditional ways of providing care.
A high density cylinder-type MIM capacitor integrated with advanced 28nm logic High-K/Metal-Gate process for embedded DRAM (2012)

A cylinder-type Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor integrated with advanced 28nm logic High-K/Metal-Gate (HKMG) process for embedded DRAM has been developed. The stacked cell capacitor is formed using low temperature high-K dielectrics to achieve sufficient storage capacitance without significantly impacting logic transistors. This paper describes techniques to achieve cylinder-type MIM capacitor's capacitance >;10fF/cell and keep the low leakage (<;0.1fA/cell) requirements. The MIM dielectric reliability test passes Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) lifetime (>;10 years). The test vehicle is composed of 72 macros of 4.5Mb each. We successfully demonstrate fully functional good yield of 28nm eDRAM 324Mb test vehicle with access speed >;330MHz.
The search for the perfect handicap (1978)

Suppose that two competitors A and B have symmetric score distributions. If B's mean score is greater than A's subtract the difference in means to obtain B's net scores. The result is suggested by Figure 1, in which B's net scores show greater variability. In a particular competition the actual net scores shot might be a and b. Assuming the objective is to score low, A wins this match. But for any such pair of scores there is a symmetric pair a', b' of equal probability for which B is the winner, so clearly each player ought to win Just as often as the other. The competition is fair. Put in another way, the mean score is a perfectly accurate measure of ability in this situation. The same can, of course, be said of the median. With B's game having wider spread there is the somewhat unfortunate fact that A can play his very best and still lose, but in compensation he can also play his very worst and still win. Things are about as fair as a cruel world allows.In most types of competition scores are not symmetrically distributed. In golf, for example, it is well known that poor scores range farther from the mean than good scores do, and more so for weak golfers than for strong ones. The question arises, what is then the most accurate measure of ability and do the mean and median still perform well? To find the answers to this and related questions in a golf setting the following experiments were carried out.
Topochemical Models for Prediction of Anti-tumor Activity of 3-Aminopyrazoles (2005)

Relationship between topochemical indices and inhibition of CDK2/cyclin A by 3-aminopyrazoles was investigated using a data set comprising of 42 3-aminopyrazoles. Three topochemical indices--the Wiener's topochemical index--a distance based topochemical index, atomic molecular connectivity index--an adjacency based topochemical index and superadjacency topochemical index--an adjacency-cum-distance based topochemical index were used for the present investigations. The values of Wiener's topochemical index, atomic molecular connectivity index and superadjacency topochemical index for each of the 42 compounds comprising the data set were computed using an in-house computer program. Resultant data was subsequently analyzed and suitable models were developed after identification of the active ranges. Subsequently, a biological activity was assigned to each of the compounds using these models, which was then compared with the reported CDK2/cyclin A inhibitory activity. High accuracy of prediction ranging from 86 to 89% was observed using these models.
ATP depletion and loss of cell integrity in anoxic hepatocytes and silica-treated P388D1 macrophages (1985)

The relationship between ATP depletion and the loss of cell integrity was examined in the killing of hepatocytes by anoxia and P388D1 macrophages by silica. ATP depletion is a feature of the reaction to either hazard. Treatment of hepatocytes, however, with antimycin, oligomycin, sodium azide, or N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide produced a rate and extent of ATP depletion comparable with anoxia without significant loss of viability. Treatment of P388D1 cells with 2-deoxyglucose plus antimycin, oligomycin, or sodium azide reproduced the loss of ATP accompanying silica particle intoxication. Again, there was no loss of viability. These data dissociate the loss of cellular ATP from the genesis of lethal injury in both cell types. ATP depletion was, however, associated with a loss of lysosomal integrity. With the metabolic inhibitors, loss of lysosomal integrity occurred in the absence of irreversible cell injury over the time course that anoxia and silica intoxication significantly damaged the cells. This implies that neither hazard produces lethal damage through mechanisms dependent on intracellular lysosomal enzyme release. While ATP depletion can cause lysosomal rupture in P388D1 macrophages, phagocytosis of silica particles in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ ions is associated with release of lysosomal contents without depletion of ATP or loss of cell integrity. Silica particles are concluded to interact directly with both the plasma and lysosomal membranes. The former leads to Ca2+ influx with resultant cell death and ATP depletion. The latter leads to release of lysosomal contents that is not followed by irreversible cell injury.
Downer Catalytic Pyrolysis (DCP): A Novel Process for Light Olefins Production (2002)

Based on the analysis of different existing cracking processes, the DCP (downer catalytic pyrolysis) process is proposed for the production of light olefins from heavy feeds. A hot downer reactor with the height of 4.5 m and the inner diameter of 13 mm was designed and built to examine the details. The experimental results show that high olefins yields can be obtained from the DCP process: at the temperature of 659 °C and residence time of 0.75 seconds, the total yields of ethylene, propylene and butylene are up to 51.54 wt.-%, while the methane and coke are suppressed. At the same time, the stability of liquid products is desirable because of the high content of aromatics but low concentration of olefins.
Cibinetide Improves Corneal Nerve Fiber Abundance in Patients With Sarcoidosis-Associated Small Nerve Fiber Loss and Neuropathic Pain (2017)

Cibinetide significantly increased small nerve fiber abundance in the cornea and skin, consistent with a disease modifying effect. The relationships between CNFA and other clinical measures of disease support its use as a surrogate endpoint to assess potential disease modifying therapies for neuropathy.
Viv@. Virtueel interactief dorp in de Ardèche (2003)

Viv@ is opgericht door le Centre Departemental de Documentation Pedagogique (CDDP) de l’Ardeche . Het is een virtueel dorp waar docenten met hun leerlingen een gebouw kunnen neerzetten. Daarin plaatsen bezoekers uit heel de wereld boodschappen over allerlei onderwerpen. In de bioscoop over films, in de bibliotheek over boeken, in het restaurant over eten en in het sportpark over sport. Op het reisbureau kun je je dromen kwijt over verre landen. Er is ook een kraakpand, waar jongeren discussieren over de noodzaak van deze leef- en woonvorm. Het is een taaldorp voor tweedetaalleerders en hun docenten waar uitingen in alle talen welkom zijn.
Optimizing the ARQ performance in downlink packet data systems with scheduling (2005)

Third generation wireless systems typically employ adaptive coding and modulation, scheduling, and Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) techniques to provide high-speed packet data service on the downlink. Two main considerations in designing such a system are algorithms for the selection of coding and modulation schemes based on the channel quality of the link and algorithms for the selection of the user to whom a particular slot is assigned. We propose a systematic approach to optimize the mapping between signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to maximize the throughput by taking into account the type of HARQ scheme employed. We also propose to incorporate frame error rate (FER) and retransmission information as a part of the scheduling decision. The proposed scheduler ranking methods based on using an effective rate rather than the instantaneous rate provide natural priority to retransmissions over new transmissions, and priority to users with better channel quality. Extensive simulation results comparing performance of the proposed methods to conventional methods are presented.
3D-Finite Element Modelof the Human Cochlea Including Fluid-Structure Couplings (1999)

The propagation of acoustic waves in the inner ear in vivo could not be quantified completely yet. This is in particular true in conjunction with the micromechanical structures of the organ of Corti, though these data are important for the explanation and discussion of clinical measurements like otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses. To access these problems a three-dimensional mechanical model of the cochlea including the fluid-structure couplings is developed and evaluated numerically by finite elements. Although the complex cochlear partition is covered by passive mechanical elements, the results fit early experiments (1928), which studied the wave propagation in the cochlea with fresh human cadavers [G. von Békésy: Experiments in Hearing. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960]. Additionally it is now easy to calculate the mechanical input impedance of the cochlea. These results agree with recent experiments [S.N. Merchant et al.: Hear Res 1996;97:30-45].
Interactions between the glycine and glutamate binding sites of the NMDA receptor (1993)

The interactions between the glycine and glutamate binding sites of the NMDA receptor have been studied in outside-out patches and synapses from hippocampal neurons in culture using rapid drug application techniques. Desensitization of NMDA receptor-mediated currents elicited by glutamate in newly excised outside-out patches was reduced in the presence of saturating concentrations of glycine. This suggests that the glutamate and glycine binding sites of the NMDA receptor are allosterically coupled as has been reported in whole-cell preparations. A glycine-insensitive form of desensitization increased rapidly over the first few minutes of recording and largely occluded the glycine concentration-sensitive desensitization in outside-out patches. However, even in old patches that displayed no glycine-sensitive desensitization, the unbinding rate of glycine was increased fourfold by the presence of glutamate, suggesting that the two binding sites were still allosterically coupled. These data suggest the existence of two forms of NMDA receptor desensitization in outside-out patches, only one of which is dependent on the concentration of glycine. In the presence of saturating levels of glycine, activation of NMDA receptors by synaptic stimulation or by exogenous glutamate resulted in currents that relaxed biexponentially. Addition of the partial glycine-site agonist 1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolid-2-one (HA-966) increased the rate of decay of both synaptic and patch currents. This suggests that HA-966 increases the dissociation rate of glutamate from NMDA receptors. These results support the hypothesis that the glutamate and glycine binding sites of NMDA receptors interact allosterically; ligand binding at both types of sites can affect the affinity of the other type for its agonist.
P4‐069: How Closely is the Gene Expression in Blood Of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Associated With the Known Biology of the Disease? (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. The key features of the disease with the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau-protein aggregates and neurological degeneration are all features localized in brain tissue. However, it has previously been shown that about 80% of genes expressed in the brain are also expressed in blood cells and that several of these genes have comparable regulation in both tissues. It is thus not unlikely that altered gene expression in the AD brain also can, at least to some extent, be mirrored in blood cells but this has to our knowledge never been shown. Starting from a whole genome expression screen to find those genes with informative value to classify AD we have through several steps reduced the number of genes and finally identified a set of 96 genes that together are able to classify AD with high accuracy. These genes are included in the validated and approved blood test ADtect® to aid in the early diagnosis of AD. The identity of these genes has now been analyzed. The identity of 12 of the genes included in the test could not be found in available data bases. Of the remaining 84 genes we find that 33 (39%) encode proteins with biological functions that are associated with AD or brain or neuronal function. Four of the genes are also listed in the current AlzGene database. The genes included in the approved blood test have been selected purely based on informative value and not of any known association with AD or brain or neuronal function. Still an extensive part of the genes show association with the disease. This raises many new questions. For example: Does AD have a systemic component? Is blood a sentinel that detects and transfer significant information about the disease to other parts of the body? Can genes included in the validated and approved blood test be used to identify novel aspects of the disease?
Polarization insensitive band conversion with low cross talk in high nonlinearity fibers (2003)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate optical wavelength conversion by modulation instability (MI) effect in high nonlinearity dispersion shifted (HNL-DS) fibers with loop configuration formed by a polarization beam splitter. The polarization sensitivity is to <0.65 dB and it is maintained over >30 nm conversion band.