gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-Flavor Related Volatiles in Soymilk As Affected by Soybean Variety, Grinding, and Heat-Processing Methods (2012)

Off-flavor of soymilk is a barrier to the acceptance of consumers. The objectionable soy odor can be reduced through inhibition of their formation or through removal after being formed. In this study, soymilk was prepared by three grinding methods (ambient, cold, and hot grinding) from two varieties (yellow Prosoy and a black soybean) before undergoing three heating processes: stove cooking, one-phase UHT (ultrahigh temperature), and two-phase UHT process using a Microthermics direct injection processor, which was equipped with a vacuuming step to remove injected water and volatiles. Eight typical soy odor compounds, generated from lipid oxidation, were extracted by a solid-phase microextraction method and analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that hot grinding and cold grinding significantly reduced off-flavor as compared with ambient grinding, and hot grinding achieved the best result. The UHT methods, especially the two-phase UHT method, were effective to reduce soy odor. Different odor compounds showed distinct concentration patterns because of different formation mechanisms. The two varieties behaved differently in odor formation during the soymilk-making process. Most odor compounds could be reduced to below the detection limit through a combination of hot grinding and two-phase UHT processing. However, hot grinding gave lower solid and protein recoveries in soymilk.
A Sinogram Inpainting Method based on Generative Adversarial Network for Limited-angle Computed Tomography (2019)

Limited-angle computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction is a challenging reconstruction problem in the fields of CT. With the development of deep learning, the generative adversarial network (GAN) perform well in image restoration by approximating the distribution of training sample data. In this paper, we proposed an effective GAN-based inpainting method to restore the missing sinogram data for limited-angle scanning. To estimate the missing data, we design the generator and discriminator of the patch-GAN and train the network to learn the data distribution of the sinogram. We obtain the reconstructed image from the restored sinogram by filtered back projection and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique with total variation. Experimental results show that serious artifacts caused by missing projection data can be reduced by the proposed method, and it is hopeful to solve the reconstruction problem of 60 degrees limited scanning angle.
Differential Structure of Inductive Proximity Sensor (2019)

The inductive proximity sensor (IPS) is applicable to displacement measurements in the aviation field due to its non-mechanical contact, safety, and durability. IPS can increase reliability of position detection and decrease maintenance cost of the system effectively in aircraft applications. Nevertheless, the specialty in the aviation field proposes many restrictions and requirements on the application of IPS, including the temperature drift effect of the resistance component of the IPS sensing coil. Moreover, reliability requirements of aircrafts restrict the use of computational-intensive algorithms and avoid the use of process control components. Furthermore, the environment of airborne electronic equipment restricts measurements driven by large current and proposes strict requirements on emission tests of radio frequency (RF) energy. For these reasons, a differential structured IPS measurement method is proposed in this paper. This measurement method inherits the numerical separation of the resistance and inductance components of the IPS sensing coil to improve the temperature adaptation of the IPS. The computational complexity is decreased by combining the dimension-reduced look-up table method to prevent the use of process control components. The proposed differential structured IPS is equipped with a differential structure of distant and nearby sensing coils to increase the detection accuracy. The small electric current pulse excitation decreases the RF energy emission. Verification results demonstrate that the differential structured IPS realizes the numerical decoupling calculation of the vector impedance of the sensing coil by using 61 look-up table units. The measuring sensitivity increased from 135.5 least significant bits (LSB)/0.10 mm of a single-sensing-coil structured IPS to 1201.4 LSB/0.10 mm, and the linear approximation distance error decreased from 99.376 μm to -3.240 μm. The proposed differential structured IPS method has evident comparative advantages compared with similar measuring techniques.
Systemic Targeting of CpG-ODN to the Tumor Microenvironment with Anti–neu-CpG Hybrid Molecule and T Regulatory Cell Depletion Induces Memory Responses in BALB-neuT Tolerant Mice (2008)

We have shown that neu transgenic mice are immunotolerant and that immunizations with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with neu-derived antigens were not able to control tumor growth in these animals. We tested whether, by modulating the tumor microenvironment with Toll-like receptor ligands, it could be possible to induce the activation of antitumor responses in neu mice. Our results indicate that only intratumoral (i.t.) injections of CpG-ODN induce an antitumor response in neu mice. To target the CpG-ODN to the tumor site anywhere within the body, we chemically conjugated an anti-Her-2/neu monoclonal antibody (mAb) with CpG-ODN. The anti-neu-CpG hybrid molecule retained its ability to bind to Her-2/neu(+) tumors, activate DCs, and induce antitumor responses. Our results indicated that injections of anti-neu-CpG induced the rejection of primary tumors in 100% of BALB/c mice and only in approximately 30% of BALB-neuT mice. After challenging the BALB/c and BALB-neuT mice, we observed that BALB/c mice developed a protective memory response; in contrast, BALB-neuT mice succumbed to the challenge. After injections of anti-neu-CpG, T regulatory cells (T-reg) were drastically reduced at the tumor site, but a large number were still present in the lymphoid organs. When BALB-neuT mice were treated with anti-neu-CpG plus anti-GITR mAb, but not with anti-CD25 mAb, 100% of the BALB-neuT mice rejected the primary tumor and developed a protective memory response indicating the critical role of T-regs in regulating the repertoire against self antigens. Taken together, these results indicate that CpG-ODN-targeted therapy and depletion of T-regs optimally activate a primary response and generate a protective memory response against self-tumor antigens.
Space-time block code design for single-carrier frequency division multiple access (2009)

In this paper, we propose a space-time block code (STBC) coding scheme with three decoding algorithms for the frequency-domain generation of single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) which addresses the issue of orphan symbols. The proposed algorithms only require one time-slot to perform Alamouti coding as compared to the space-time coding and mapping (STCM) Scheme I which uses two time-slots. The performance of the third proposed algorithm approaches that of STCM Scheme I in coded systems.
Mg-Promoted Reductive Cross Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds with Trimethylsilyl Chloride (1995)

Abstract Mg-promoted cross-coupling of aromatic carbonyl compounds with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) in DMF at room temperature brought about reductive carbon-silicon bond formation to give the corresponding α-trimethylsilylalkyl trimethylsilyl ethers selectively in good yields. The reaction may be initiated through electron transfer from Mg metal to the carbonyl compounds.
No matter what the name, we’re all the same? Examining ethnic online discrimination in ridesharing marketplaces (2022)

Sharing marketplaces emerged as the new Holy Grail of value creation by enabling exchanges between strangers. Identity reveal, encouraged by platforms, cuts both ways: While inducing pre-transaction confidence, it is suspected of backfiring on the information senders with its discriminative potential. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to explore the role of names as signifiers of discriminative peculiarities and the importance of accompanying cues in peer choices of a ridesharing offer. We quantify users' preferences for quality signals in monetary terms and evidence comparative disadvantage of Middle Eastern descent male names for drivers and co-travelers. It translates into a lower willingness to accept and pay for an offer. Market simulations confirm the robustness of the findings. Further, we discover that females are choosier and include more signifiers of involuntary personal attributes in their decision-making. Price discounts and positive information only partly compensate for the initial disadvantage, and identity concealment is perceived negatively.
Characterization of the Pathway-Specific Positive Transcriptional Regulator for Actinorhodin Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) as a DNA-Binding Protein (1999)

The ActII-ORF4 protein has been characterized as a DNA-binding protein that positively regulates the transcription of the actinorhodin biosynthetic genes. The target regions for the ActII-ORF4 protein were located within the act cluster. These regions, at high copy number, generate a nonproducer strain by in vivo titration of the regulator. The mutant phenotype could be made to revert with extra copies of the wild-type actII-ORF4 gene but not with the actII-ORF4-177 mutant. His-tagged recombinant wild-type ActII-ORF4 and mutant ActII-ORF4-177 proteins were purified from Escherichia coli cultures; both showed specific DNA-binding activity for the actVI-ORF1-ORFA and actIII-actI intergenic regions. DNase I footprinting assays clearly located the DNA-binding sites within the -35 regions of the corresponding promoters, showing the consensus sequence 5'-TCGAG-3'. Although both gene products (wild-type and mutant ActII-ORF4) showed DNA-binding activity, only the wild-type gene was capable of activating transcription of the act genes; thus, two basic functions can be differentiated within the regulatory protein: a specific DNA-binding activity and a transcriptional activation of the act biosynthetic genes.
Structuralized context-aware content and scalable resolution support for wireless VoD services (2009)

Video-on-demand (VoD) services allow users to receive real-time multimedia contents from afar distance. Yet, current architectures still require a context-aware indexing system to help users learn about story details. In this paper, we present a semantic processing system that offers structuralized video contents based on four basic entities: who, what, where, and when. Thus, users can select clips of interest among a video according to the guided clues. At the same time, we also present an SVC-compatible coding that improves spatial scalability in order to transmit the structuralized results for mobile devices efficiently. Users can, therefore, get a higher PSNR in low bit-rate applications. The experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed system.
The Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 v-Cyclin Is a Critical Regulator of Reactivation from Latency (2000)

Gamma-2 herpesviruses encode a homolog of mammalian D-type cyclins. The v-cyclin encoded by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) induces cell cycle progression and is an oncogene (L. F. van Dyk, J. L. Hess, J. D. Katz, M. Jacoby, S. H. Speck, and H. W. Virgin IV, J. Virol. 73:5110-5122, 1999). However, the role of the pro-proliferative v-cyclins in gamma-2 herpesvirus pathogenesis is not known. Here we report the generation and characterization of a gammaHV68 v-cyclin mutant (v-cyclin.LacZ) that is unable to express a functional v-cyclin protein. Notably, although the gammaHV68 v-cyclin is expressed from an early-late lytic transcript, v-cyclin. LacZ replicated normally in fibroblasts in vitro and during acute infection in the spleen, liver, and lungs in vivo. Moreover, v-cyclin.LacZ exhibited wild-type (wt) virulence in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. In addition, in a model of gammaHV68-induced chronic disease in mice lacking the gamma interferon receptor (IFNgammaR(-/-)), v-cyclin.LacZ virus was similar to wt gammaHV68 in terms of the incidence of mortality and vasculitis. Further analysis revealed that the frequencies of splenocytes and peritoneal cells harboring the latent gammaHV68 genome in normal and B-cell-deficient mice infected with wt gammaHV68 or v-cyclin.LacZ were very similar. However, v-cyclin.LacZ was significantly compromised in its capacity to reactivate from latency. This phenotype was conclusively mapped to the v-cyclin gene by (i) generating a marker rescue virus (v-cyclin.MR) from the v-cyclin.LacZ mutant, which restored the frequency of cells in which virus reactivated from latency to the levels observed with wt gammaHV68; and (ii) generating a second v-cyclin mutant virus containing a translation stop codon within the v-cyclin gene (v-cyclin.stop), which was compromised in reactivation from latency. These studies demonstrate that despite expression as a lytic cycle gene, the pro-proliferative gammaHV68 v-cyclin is not required for gammaHV68 replication either in vitro or during acute infection in vivo but rather is a critical determinant of reactivation from latency.
Energy sources and their development for application in medical devices (2010)

Electronic medical devices have become an indispensable part of modern healthcare. Currently, a wide variety of electronic medical devices are being used to monitor physiological parameters of the body, perform therapy and supplement or even entirely replace complex biological functions. Cardiac pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators and cochlear implants are a few examples of such medical devices. Proper functionality of these devices relies heavily on the continuous supply of a sufficient amount of electricity to them. In this sense, a reliable, safe and convenient method for the provision of energy is very crucial. Various approaches have been developed to fulfil the divergent and challenging energy requirements of medical devices. In this article, we present a brief overview of the energy requirements of medical devices and review the existing and emerging energy sources for application in these devices, particularly wearable and implantable devices.
A soft switching active snubber optimized for IGBTs in single switch unity power factor three-phase diode rectifiers (2002)

The soft switching snubber circuit provides zero-voltage turn-off for the main switch. The high turn-off losses of the IGBT due to the current tailing are reduced by zero-voltage switching. This allows the circuit to be operated at very high switching frequencies with regulated DC output voltage, high quality input current and unity input power factor. Simulation and experimental results are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Cloning and sequencing of the Chinese bovine prion protein (PrPC) gene]. (1998)

The total DNA was isolated from lymphocyte of peripheral blood of Chinese cattle. The PrPC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, using two primers. It was then cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector. The result of DNA sequencing was indicated that the 795 bp amplified fragment contains the entire PrPC coding sequence, which has no intron and is same as the published gene sequence.
One-Step Synthesis of High-Coercivity <i>L</i>1<sub>0</sub>-FePtAg Nanoparticles: Effects of Ag on the Morphology and Chemical Ordering of FePt Nanoparticles (2013)

High coercivity L10-ordered (FePt)1–xAgx nanoparticles (NPs) were directly synthesized using a one-step solution method without post-thermal annealing. The effect of silver additive on the morphology, chemical ordering, and magnetic properties of FePt NPs was studied. Magnetic measurements showed that the FePt NPs without Ag additive were soft magnetic with a coercivity of 300 Oe, whereas a record coercivity of 7600 Oe was obtained when the molar ratio of Ag reached 29% in FePtAg. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses proved that Ag atoms in the L10-phase FePtAg NPs were segregated on the surface of the particles, which revealed that the diffusion of Ag atoms out of the FePt grains is the major driving force behind the L10 structure formation.
End group chemistry of fluoro-oligomers: Highly selective syntheses of diepoxy, diallyl, and tetraol derivatives (1996)

Different synthetic methods for the preparation of polyfunctional fluorinated oligomers were explored and the results compared. Fluoropolyether macromonomers bearing epoxy, allyl, and polyhydroxy end groups were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. For obtaining a polyol (namely tetraol) functionality, a highly selective route was the reaction of the fluoropolyether macrodiol ZDOL with allylic halides and subsequent oxidation reaction at the CC double bond by means of peroxyacids. This approach made it possible to obtain a segmented structure RH-RF-RH in which the molecular body RF consisted of a perfluoropolyether block endcapped by two hydrogenated segments RH, where RH = − CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. Unlike other more conventional syntheses, which always produce byproducts and higher molecular weight species such as RH-(RF-RH)n-RF-RH or RH-RF-(RH)n-, the described method offers high yields and selectivity. The fluoropolyether polyfunctional derivatives offer the possibility to prepare a variety of highly crosslinked fluorinated materials and, owing to their well defined regularly segmented structures, they also constitute interesting models for the understanding of basic structure-property relations of fluoro-oligomers and their copolymers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Significant effects of the distance between the cyanine dye skeleton and the semiconductor surface on the photoelectrochemical properties of dye-sensitized porous semiconductor electrodes (2001)

The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of a porous TiO2 electrode sensitized by cyanine dyes increased with decreasing distance between the skeleton of the dye and the TiO2 surface. The photocurrent of oxide semiconductor electrodes sensitized by a cyanine dye increased with the positive shift of the conduction band potential of the oxide semiconductor in the following order: Nb2O5<TiO2<ZnO<SnO2. The SnO2 semiconductor cell showed the best light-to-electric conversion efficiency among the four semiconductors.
A novel design of OTP-based authentication scheme using smart phones and 2-D barcodes for the visually impaired (2012)

ST2 (also known as IL1RL1) is the critical functional receptor for interleukin (IL)-33 in stimulating regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and function in physiological and pathological conditions. We examined the correlation between ST2 cell expression and FoxP3 positive Tregs in both colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRC) microenvironment by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and double immunofluorescences. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cellular ST2-positive cells and FoxP3-positive Tregs in patients with adenoma and CRC were evaluated. Real-time PCR results revealed increased expression levels of ST2 and FoxP3 mRNAs in both adenoma and CRC tissues as compared with control tissues. IHC analysis confirmed increased densities of ST2-positive cells in both the adenoma/CRC epithelium and stroma, which show a close positive linear association with the densities of FoxP3-positive Tregs in respective compartments. Pathological feature analysis showed that densities of ST2-positive cells in the tumor stroma were notably associated with degree of dysplastic grading in patients with adenoma, and disease stages and lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggested that CRC patients with high densities of ST2-positive cells in the stroma tend to have a shorter overall survival. We therefore concluded that increased densities of ST2-postive cells relate to Treg accumulation within the adenoma/CRC microenvironment, suggesting the IL-33/ST2 pathway as a potential contributor for immunosuppressive milieu formation that impact disease stage and prognosis in patients with CRC.
Oxidation resistance of tantalum–ruthenium dioxide diffusion barrier for memory capacitor bottom electrodes (1998)

The effect of the RuO2 addition into a Ta film on the oxidation resistance of a diffusion barrier for the Ta+RuO2/Si system was investigated. The Ta+RuO2/Si system was sustained up to 800 °C without an increase in resistivity, while the Ta/Si structure completely degraded after annealing at 450 °C. The Ta+RuO2 diffusion barrier showed an amorphous microstructure for an as-deposited state and formed a conductive RuO2 phase after annealing. Ta was sufficiently bound to oxygen of RuO2 for an as-deposited state, but RuO2 was divided into Ru and Ru–O binding states. Ta–O bonds showed a little change compared to the as-deposited state with increasing annealing temperature, whereas Ru–O bonds significantly increased. Therefore, the Ta layer deposited by the RuO2 addition effectively prevented the indiffusion of oxygen up to 800 °C and its oxidation resistance was superior to those of polycrystalline nitride (TiN, TaN) and ternary amorphous (TaSiN) barriers reported by others.
Animal-to-Animal Variation in Fecal Microbial Diversity among Beef Cattle (2010)

The intestinal microbiota of beef cattle are important for animal health, food safety, and methane emissions. This full-length sequencing survey of 11,171 16S rRNA genes reveals animal-to-animal variation in communities that cannot be attributed to breed, gender, diet, age, or weather. Beef communities differ from those of dairy. Core bovine taxa are identified.
Phase I study of single-agent CC-292, a highly selective Brutons tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2016)

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies, mediating the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells.1,2 Clinical studies have shown that Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are well tolerated, with promising clinical activity. Ibrutinib has shown 30-month progression-free survival (PFS) of 69% in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients,3–5 and has substantial activity in mantle cell lymphoma and activated B-cell-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.6,7 CC-292 is a highly selective oral small-molecule inhibitor that binds covalently and irreversibly to the same cysteine 481 in BTK as ibrutinib, inhibiting its signaling.8 We report here the results of a phase I study of CC-292 in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). A total of 113 patients received continuous dosing with CC-292 in 28-day cycles at doses ranging from 125 mg to 1000 mg once daily, and 375 mg and 500 mg twice daily, continuing into dose-expansion cohorts of 750 mg once daily and a preliminary recommended phase II dose (RP2D)-expansion cohort of 500 mg twice daily. Four patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) but only one in any treatment cohort. The most frequent grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (16%) and thrombocytopenia (8%). The most common non-hematologic treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) of any grade were diarrhea (68%) and fatigue (45%). Twice-daily administration of CC-292 was instituted to improve sustained BTK occupancy, and, in fact, did result in more than 90% BTK receptor occupancy at both the 4- and 24-h post-dose time points. Efficacy in the CLL/SLL population (n=84) showed that overall response rate (ORR) in patients receiving twice-daily dosing was 53%; an additional 10% had partial response with lymphocytosis (PR-L). CC-292 was, therefore, well tolerated and achieved high nodal and PR rates in relapsed CLL/SLL patients, but showed less durability than other BTK inhibitors.