gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiparameter geophysical reservoir characterization augmented by generative networks (2021)

We introduce a machine-learning augmented inversion framework for geophysical reservoir characterization, an ill-posed multi-parameter inverse problem. One key component is a generative network that directly models subsurface parameter distributions. The network’s augmentation can provide better geophysical definition and delineation of the subsurface targets by enforcing plausible multi-parameter petrophysical relationships and structural expectations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in AVO inversion. Without loss of generality, this method can be applied to other characterization methods, such as elastic full-waveform inversion.
Large aperture, high-efficiency multilayer dielectric reflection gratings (2003)

We have designed and fabricated a 355 /spl times/ 150 mm multilayer dielectric diffraction grating, 1800 l/mm for 1030 nm light, that exhibits > 99% diffraction efficiency and a diffracted wavefront flatness of < 0.15 /spl lambda/. This grating is an enabling component of a 2 ps, high rep-rate machining laser currently in operation at LLNL.
Second order x-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (2014)

X-ray phase imaging is sensitive to structural variation of soft tissue, and offers excellent contrast resolution for characterization of cancerous tissues. Also, the cross-section of x-ray phase shift is a thousand times greater than that of x-ray attenuation in soft tissue over the diagnostic energy range, allowing a much higher signal-to-noise ratio at a substantially lower radiation dose than attenuation-based x-ray imaging. In this paper, we present a second order approximation model with respect to phase shift based on the paraxial Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, and also discuss in-line dark-field imaging based on the second order model. This proposed model accurately establishes a quantitative correspondence between phases and recorded intensity images, outperforming the linear phase approximation model widely used in the conventional methods of x-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging. This new model can be iteratively solved using the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). The state of the art compressive sensing ingredients can be incorporated to achieve high quality image reconstruction. Our numerical simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach that is more accurate and stable, and more robust against noise than the conventional approach.
A new era for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a druggable target for the second skeleton (2007)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a disabling genetic condition that leads to the formation of a second (heterotopic) skeleton, and is the most catastrophic disorder of heterotopic ossification in humans. Throughout childhood and early adult life, FOP progressively immobilizes all of the joints of the normotopic skeleton, rendering movement impossible. At present, there is no effective prevention or treatment. Recently, a recurrent mutation in the glycine-serine activation domain of the activin receptor IA/activin-like kinase-2, a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor, was reported in all sporadic and familial cases of classic FOP, making this one of the most highly specific disease-causing mutations in the human genome. The discovery of the FOP gene establishes a critical milestone in understanding FOP, reveals a highly conserved druggable target in the TGF-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway and compels therapeutic approaches for the development of small molecule signal transduction inhibitors for activin-like kinase-2. Effective therapies for FOP, and possibly for a vast array of more common conditions of heterotopic ossification, will be based on blocking activin-like kinase-2, a critical node in the BMP signaling pathway.
Theory and experiment of wideband tunable forced‐mode ring resonator (2013)

For the first time a novel wideband tunable forced‐mode ring resonator is proposed, which consists of a half guided‐wavelength ( λ g /2) ring resonator and two loading capacitors with different values. By controlling the respective values of the two capacitors, the fundamental resonant frequency ( f fund ) of the proposed ring resonator can be shifted up and down, resulting in a bi‐directional tuning of f fund . With this new design, the tuning range of f fund can then be significantly extended to approximately double the range of the conventional tunable ring resonator. Meanwhile, no other resonance occurs in the wideband frequency‐tuning range of f fund . The design equations of the proposed ring resonator are derived by using odd‐ and even‐mode analysis, and the operating principle is investigated and presented. For demonstration, the proposed tunable technique is verified by the simulation and experiment, and the measured tuning range of f fund reaches 1.25 octaves, that is 0.68 → 1.53 GHz.
Expression of Rat NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 Reductase cDNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1986)

A full-length cDNA for rat NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was cloned by the procedure of Okayama and Berg (1982) from hepatic poly(A)RNA prepared from phenobarbital-induced rats. Both cDNA and amino acid sequences agreed with the sequences reported by Porter and Kasper (1985) except for four single base differences. Three expression plasmids were constructed by insertion of the reductase cDNA between yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADH) promoter and terminator regions. Plasmids pARF1 and pTRF2 were constructed with slightly different lengths between the ADH promoter and the initiation codon; on introduction into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 cells, they synthesized about 1 X 10(3) and 5 X 10(3) reductase protein molecules per cell, respectively. A third plasmid, pARM1, containing a cytochrome P-450MC cDNA expression unit located between two reductase cDNA expression units synthesized 4 X 10(5) cytochrome P-450MC hemoprotein and 1 X 10(4) reductase protein molecules per cell. The cellular extracts of the AH22/pARM1 strain, which synthesized both rat enzymes, showed higher cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450MC-dependent 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activities as compared to extracts of the AH22/pAMC1 strain, which synthesized only rat cytochrome P-450MC. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activity in the cellular extract of AH22/pARM1 strain was partly inhibited by the addition of anti-rat reductase IgG. In addition, whole AH22/pARM1 cells exhibited higher monooxygenase activity toward acetanilide and 7-ethoxycoumarin than control AH22/pAMC1 cells. These results indicated that a functional electron-transport chain consisting of rat NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and rat cytochrome P-450MC was constructed in S. cerevisiae cells.
&lt;i&gt;Design of an In-Canopy Sprinkler Monitoring System for Center Pivot Irrigation&lt;/i&gt; (2018)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> <b>Current in-canopy sprinkler packages allow center pivot irrigation systems to operate more efficiently and uniformly, however, these in-canopy sprinklers hang low in the canopy and have the potential to become entangled in crop biomass and detach from the center pivot. Detached in-canopy sprinklers can impact the uniformity of an irrigation system resulting in decreased crop yields by disrupting the flow and pressure requirements of the sprinkler package. Therefore, it is crucial that producers detect and replace missing in-canopy sprinklers immediately. A prototype in-canopy sprinkler monitoring system was designed to monitor in-canopy sprinklers on a center pivot irrigation system and to alert the user when and where an in-canopy sprinkler becomes detached from the center pivot span. The system utilizes three major components to accomplish this task: a master controller node, a series of sprinkler nodes, and a digital compass node. The master controller node requests the status of in-canopy sprinklers from each sprinkler node, which constantly monitors its connected in-canopy sprinkler. If a sprinkler is found to be absent, the system alerts the user via a text message that the in-canopy sprinkler is missing and can be found at approximate geographic coordinates. Performance trials revealed the monitoring system to operate efficiently and accurately, however, minor changes need to be employed before large scale implementation. </b>
Mining optimized association rules with categorical and numeric attributes (2002)

Mining association rules on large data sets has received considerable attention in recent years. Association rules are useful for determining correlations between attributes of a relation and have applications in marketing, financial, and retail sectors. Furthermore, optimized association rules are an effective way to focus on the most interesting characteristics involving certain attributes. Optimized association rules are permitted to contain uninstantiated attributes and the problem is to determine instantiations such that either the support or confidence of the rule is maximized. In this paper, we generalize the optimized association rules problem in three ways: (1) association rules are allowed to contain disjunctions over uninstantiated attributes, (2) association rules are permitted to contain an arbitrary number of uninstantiated attributes, and (3) uninstantiated attributes can be either categorical or numeric. Our generalized association rules enable us to extract more useful information about seasonal and local patterns involving multiple attributes. We present effective techniques for pruning the search space when computing optimized association rules for both categorical and numeric attributes. Finally, we report the results of our experiments that indicate that our pruning algorithms are efficient for a large number of uninstantiated attributes, disjunctions, and values in the domain of the attributes.
Development of a new comprehensive and reliable endometrial receptivity map (ER Map/ER Grade) based on RT-qPCR gene expression analysis (2017)

The authors have no potential conflict of interest to declare. No external funding was obtained for this study.
Blind, low complexity estimation of time and frequency offsets in OFDM systems (2014)

A novel blind time and frequency offset estimator for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. The estimator exploits a basic assumption of OFDM: the channel order is less than or equal to the length of the cyclic prefix. Under this assumption, it is shown that the last sample of the received cyclic prefix is not corrupted by intersymbol interference and this sample can be used to estimate the time of arrival (TOA) in multipath channels. It is demonstrated that the proposed estimator identifies the correct TOA with higher probability than existing estimators for medium to high signal-to-noise ratios.
PERFORMANCE OF BAKER'S YEAST PRODUCED USING DATE SYRUP SUBSTRATE ON ARABIC BREAD QUALITY (2010)

Baker's yeast was produced from three selected baker's yeast strains using date syrup as a substrate at low and high flow rate compared to those produced using molasses substrates. Performance of the produced baker's yeasts on Arabic bread quality was investigated. Baking tests showed a positive relationship between total Arabic bread quality and yeast gassing power. This relationship could be used as a general reference to estimate the quality of such yeasts. The Arabic bread made with Hollandia yeast produced using date syrup at low flow rate exhibited the highest overall total quality bread score. Moreover, NCYC 1530 baker's yeasts produced using date syrup at high flow rate or 1:1 molasses to date syrup at low flow rate, significantly produced high quality Arabic breads. Results also indicated that yeasts produced from the date syrup gave baking results comparable to yeasts produced from molasses. There were insignificant differences in gassing power between yeasts produced from date syrup and yeasts produced from molasses. So, it could be concluded that excellent quality Baker's yeast could be produced using date syrup substrate.

	 

	Key wards: Date syrup, molasses, baker's yeast, fermentation, Arabic bread, gas production power.
Reasons for Loss of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Pacing (2012)

CRT pacing <98% was observed in 40.7% of patients. Among those with suboptimal pacing, atrial tachycardia/atrial fibrillation was the most common reason for CRT pacing loss. Inappropriately programmed SAV/PAV intervals was the most common reason for episodes of sustained loss of CRT pacing. This information can help in defining more effective treatments to improve CRT delivery.
The first morphologically controlled synthesis of a nanocomposite of graphene oxide with cobalt tin oxide nanoparticles (2018)

In the present research, the degradation and decolorization of Reactive Black 5 synthetic dye at 30 ppm concentration under sun irradiation in the presence of a newly synthesized graphene based cobalt tin oxide nanocomposite were investigated. These nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal approach using precursor chloride salt <i>i.e.</i>, stannous chloride and cobalt chloride and then adsorbed on the surface of RGO by a solvothermal process by changing the condition. The newly synthesized product was subjected to various instrumentation to study the morphology and other properties. X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) explained the structural composition and various parameters of the product, which were further verified by Vesta software. The surface morphology of the product was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it was observed that the size of each cube was approximately 5-10 μm from every face of the cube. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) explained that the nanoparticles were within the range of 100-250 nm. These synthesized nanocubes were used in one more application, which was the investigation of the fuel efficiency in the presence of different concentrations of newly synthesized nanocomposites as a catalyst. The efficiency of kerosene oil was investigated by studying different parameters: the flash point, fire point, specific gravity, cloud point, pour point, and calorific value at increasing dosages of catalyst (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm). It was observed that the values of these parameters changed significantly by changing the concentration of the catalyst dosage. The effect of the nanoparticles on the degradation of the RB 5 azo dye showed the highest removal percentage at the largest value of catalyst dosage, which was 0.70 mg ml<sup>-1</sup> with the highest value of 3 ml of hydrogen peroxide.
Ultra‐High‐Density Photochromic Main‐Chain 1,2‐Dithienylcyclopentene Polymers Prepared Using Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2004)

Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization is used to construct the well‐known photoresponsive 1,2‐dithienylethene backbone for the generation of ultra‐high‐density photochromic main‐chain polymers (see Figure). The photochromic monomer unit can be easily functionalized to create polymers with diverse structural and electronic properties. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic versions of the polymer have been prepared.
Pervasive symbiotic advertising (2008)

The proliferation of powerful mobile devices and the deployment of large displays in public spaces give rise to new and exciting opportunities in personalized and targeted advertising. Advertising in such public spaces also raises interesting questions in several areas such as capturing and aggregating user context, tailoring of ads, measuring advertisement efficacy, capturing user attention, charging model and monetization, user privacy, and the roles of parties in the ecosystem among others. In this paper, we introduce the opportunities and challenges in delivering advertisements to ambient displays utilizing information pertaining to users near the display. We then discuss some ways to address them and describe our first prototype. Though many traditional challenges concerning the design, usability, connectivity, and applications of mobile systems are still important, we believe that applications and challenges resulting from symbiosis between mobile systems and surrounding devices, such as the subject of this paper, are a rich area for further exploration by the mobile computing community.
Acetic Acid: A Contrast Agent in Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy of Tissue (1998)

Contrast agents are commonly applied to tissue in vitro and in vivo to aid in the extraction of diagnostically useful information from the sample. For example, staining techniques are commonly used to highlight cellular structures when using light microscopy to examine tissue samples. On a more gross level, sensitive differentiation between normal tissue and neoplasia in various tissue sites has been recently demonstrated through the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence [1].
Production of lactate using crabtree negative organisms expressing recombinant lactate dehydrogenase genes (2002)

Crabtree neg. organisms such as Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Hansenula and Candida, are used to make selected org. products such as lactic acid. The organisms are cultured in a first culture medium that includes glucose, under conditions that promote cellular respiration. The organisms are then cultured under a second set of conditions that promote prodn. of the selected org. product. The organisms preferably contain an exogenous lactate dehydrogenase gene. Thus, gene PDC1 encoding pyruvate decarboxylase in Kluyveromyces marxianus was disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis. The LDH gene from Kluyveromyces thermotolerans under control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDC1 promoter was then introduced to this Kluyveromyces marxianus strain by electroporation. The resulting strain was able to produce lactic acid using aerobic conditions for cell growth and anaerobic conditions for lactate prodn. [on SciFinder (R)]
A Multi-Function Compensated Spectral Natural Gamma Ray Logging System (1983)

ABSTRACT A natural gamma ray spectroscopy togging system has been designed which incorporates active compensation for differences in borehole conditions into the least squares calculation of the K-U-Th elemental concentrations. A low atomic number toolcase allows gamma rays in the photoelectric energy region to be detected, while a coincidence gain stabilization technique distinguishes formation gammas from those originating in the stabilizer source. These features permit additional measurements of formation lithology in open holes and mean casing thickness in cased wells.
Direct modulation and coherent detection optical OFDM (2010)

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) with a novel direct modulation and coherent detection system at 34.3 Gb/s and 16 QAM is proposed. Electronic pre-compensation of laser frequency response is applied at the transmitter. Following homodyne coherent detection and analog to digital conversion, digital signal processing compensates the DFB laser frequency chirp and chromatic dispersion (CD). Mathematical results and numerical simulation show that the proposed system achieves 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> BER with 10.5 E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , similar to a standard single carrier system.
Chemogene therapy: osteocalcin promoter-based suicide gene therapy in combination with methotrexate in a murine osteosarcoma model. (1998)

We previously reported that the recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vector containing the thymidine kinase (TK) gene driven by the osteocalcin (OC) promoter (Ad-OC-TK), when delivered concurrently with acyclovir (ACV), is highly selective in blocking the growth of osteosarcoma in experimental models (Cancer Res. 1996;56:4614-4619). To investigate the possible additive effects of the combined treatment of gene therapy and conventional chemotherapy (chemogene therapy), we compared the effect of low dose (IC10) methotrexate (MTX) and OC promoter-based toxic gene therapy with either of these single modalities alone. We choose low dose MTX with the intent of determining whether chemosensitization of the osteosarcoma may be possible in combination with gene therapy with an overall reduced toxicity profile and enhanced therapeutic efficacy when compared to a single agent alone. In vitro, the combined treatments of MTX (3 ng/mL) and Ad-OC-TK (20 multiplicity of infection (MOI)/target cell) plus ACV (10 mg/mL) had an additive therapeutic effect over that of either MTX (P < 0.05) or Ad-OC-TK plus ACV treatment alone (P < 0.05). In vivo, nude mice with subcutaneous tumors of either human osteosarcoma (MG-63) or rat osteosarcoma (ROS) received three intratumoral injections of Ad-OC-TK (5 x 10(8) PFU) plus daily intraperitoneal ACV (40 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks in combination with five weekly bolus intraperitoneal MTX (87.5 mg/kg). Osteosarcoma tumor growth was inhibited more efficiently than by either Ad-OC-TK plus ACV (P < 0.05) or MTX treatment (P < 0.005) alone. At day 45 in the ROS group, 100% of the animals survived when treated with chemogene therapy, whereas 80% survived with gene therapy and no animals survived in the MTX-treated or untreated controls. In summary, we developed a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma employing both chemotherapy and gene therapy. Chemogene therapy could potentially achieve better antitumor effects with reduced toxicity than the conventional chemotherapy or gene therapy protocols alone.
Integrated Pound-Drever-Hall Laser Stabilization System in a Standard CMOS SOI Process (2018)

The first integrated Pound-Drever-Hall stabilization system with an on-chip MZI as the frequency reference is demonstrated which suppresses the frequency noise of semiconductor lasers by more than 25 dB while occupying a 2.38 mm2 area.
<title>Fractal-based image processing for mine detection</title> (1995)

A fractal-based analysis algorithm has been developed to perform the task of automated recognition of minelike targets in side scan sonar images. Because naturally occurring surfaces, such as the sea bottom, are characterized by irregular textures they are well suited to modeling as fractal surfaces. Manmade structures, including mines, are composed of Euclidean shapes, which makes fractal-based analysis highly appropriate for discrimination of mines from a natural background. To that end, a set of fractal features, including fractal dimension, was developed to classify image areas as minelike targets, nonmine areas, or clutter. Four different methods of fractal dimension calculation were compared and the Weierstrass function was used to study the effect of various signal processing procedures on the fractal qualities of an image. The difference in fractal dimension between different images depends not only on the physical features extant in the images but in the underlying statistical characteristics of the processing procedures applied to the images and the underlying mathematical assumptions of the fractal dimension calculation methods. For the image set studied, fractal-based analysis achieved a classification rate similar to human operators, and was very successful in identifying areas of clutter. The analysis technique presented here is applicable to any type of signal that may be configured as an image, making this technique suitable for multisensor systems.