gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical conductivity of polymer blends of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate): <i>N</i>‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and polyvinyl alcohol (2012)

Abstract The goal of this study is to determine the electrically conductivity of the polymers poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate): N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (PEDOT: PSS: NMP) and PEDOT: PSS when blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). While the conducting polymers have high conductivity when not blended with PVA, they are brittle and difficult to spin‐coat. Thus, the motivation for this study is to develop blends of these two conducting polymers with PVA to produce a material with optimized mechanical properties and that can also be spin‐coated. The blends are produced using aqueous preparations of these materials. Mixtures of various weight percentages (wt %) of PEDOT: PSS: NMP and PEDOT: PSS are prepared and spin‐coated on glass slides to form thin films. In the blends, the film conductivity increases with increasing content of either PEDOT: PSS: NMP or PEDOT: PSS. For example, 100 wt % of PEDOT: PSS: NMP and 60 wt % of PEDOT: PSS: NMP blended with PVA exhibit conductivities of, respectively, 10 and 4.02 S/cm. In contrast, conductivities of only 0.0525 and 0.000506 S/cm are observed, respectively, for 100 wt % of PEDOT: PSS and 60 wt % of PEDOT: PSS content in the PEDOT: PSS/PVA blends (No NMP). The addition of the NMP enhances the electrical conductivity by two to five orders of magnitude (depending on the amount of PVA in the blend) due to conformational change of PEDOT chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Node Trust Prediction Framework in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2016)

Trust quantification methods depends on the deployment region, network applications, level of security required. Considering the environment of mobile ad hoc networks, in this study we propose a new trust model. This new model is divided into two parts: trust assessment and trust prediction. The process of node trust assessment is based on node's historical behaviors, in which the trust decision factors include the subjective reputation and indirect reputation. Then utilizing the obtained trust data sequence, we propose an improved dynamic grey-Markov chain prediction measure to predict node's trust for future decision making. In which we eliminates grey bias via using unbiased GM(1,1) model. Moreover, in order to improve anti-jamming performance, we introduce the fuzzy classification method to classify the fuzzy states into some reasonable groups. Experimental results have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. It is proved in theory and practice that the prediction results not only are more reliable but also can help the decision maker with grasping the change tendency of trust and making proper decisions.
POINT TO POINT (1997)

SUBTITLE: JERSEY EUROPEAN AIRWAYS WAS ALWAYS A DECEPTIVE NAME FOR AN AIRLINE THAT SELDOM VENTURED BEYOND THE BRITISH ISLES: BUT AS AIR FRANCE EXPRESS IT IS MAKING A MARK IN MAINLAND EUROPE, AS GRAHAM DUNN FOUND OUT ON A RECENT VISIT TO EXETER.
Plasma components: properties, differences, and uses (2012)

General use of plasma components includes replacement for multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, for treatment of single coagulation factor deficiencies for which a concentrate is unavailable, and as a replacement fluid used in therapeutic plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Four major products currently transfused are fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), plasma frozen within 24 hours of phlebotomy (FP24), cryoprecipitate-poor plasma (CPP), and thawed plasma. FP24, CPP, and thawed plasma contain decreased amounts of labile coagulation factors. Pathogen reduction technology has included solvent/detergent, methylene blue, and ultraviolet light irradiation with psoralen or riboflavin treatment and is available in Europe but not in the United States. Pathogen-reduced plasma may contain reduced levels of certain coagulant and/or anticoagulant factors compared to FFP. Clinical findings with pathogen-reduced plasma have provided an impetus to the US Food and Drug Administration to promulgate specific requirements for approval of novel plasma products, some of which may be too burdensome for the industry to readily overcome.
Novel Polymeric Surfactants for Improving Chemical Mechanical Polishing Performance of Silicon Oxide (2001)

We investigated the impacts of novel surfactants on oxide chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performance. Silica-based potassium hydroxide was formulated for this study. Two polymeric surfactants, methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based CHE and siloxane-based SHE, were added to the slurry for evaluation. Particle size, viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle of slurries were characterized. Without surfactant, the silica-based slurry withstood up to 8.5 wt % of solid loading before the silica abrasives segregate and settle. With the addition of surfactant, however, the slurry held up to 15 wt % of solids without segregation. The CHE-added slurry yielded higher viscosity and higher oxide CMP removal rate than SHE-added slurry, while the latter exhibited better colloidal dispersion characteristics and lower within-wafer nonuniformity. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Human Immune Response to Dengue Virus Is Dominated by Highly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Endowed with Neutralizing and Enhancing Activity (2020)

Antibodies protect against homologous Dengue virus (DENV) infection but can precipitate severe dengue by promoting heterotypic virus entry via Fcγ receptors (FcγR). We immortalized memory B cells from individuals after primary or secondary infection and analyzed anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) thus generated. MAbs to envelope (E) protein domain III (DIII) were either serotype specific or cross-reactive and potently neutralized DENV infection. DI/DII- or viral membrane protein prM-reactive mAbs neutralized poorly and showed broad cross-reactivity with the four DENV serotypes. All mAbs enhanced infection at subneutralizing concentrations. Three mAbs targeting distinct epitopes on the four DENV serotypes and engineered to prevent FcγR binding did not enhance infection and neutralized DENV in vitro and in vivo as postexposure therapy in a mouse model of lethal DENV infection. Our findings reveal an unexpected degree of cross-reactivity in human antibodies against DENV and illustrate the potential for an antibody-based therapy to control severe dengue.
Compatible 2D-Code Having Tamper Detection System with QR-Code (2014)

The matrix barcodes known as Quick Response (QR) codes, which are enable us to import printed digital information into smart-phone or cell phone through its digital camera easily, are rapidly becoming widespread not only Japan but also Asia, Europe and America. However, an attacker is easily able to lead malicious web-sites by putting a unauthenticated QR code on a authenticated QR code. We propose a compatible 2d-code having tamper detection system with QR-code. In digital signature system, a hash value of a message is calculated firstly, and then the hash value is encrypted by a secret key which is a pair of public key cryptography system. Then, a sender sends the message and the encrypted hash value to a receiver. In the receiver side, the hash value of a sent message is calculated and the hash value with encrypted is decrypted using a public key which is a pair of public key cryptography system. The receiver can detect modification of the message by comparing the two hash values. The encrypted hash value is embedded by using Wet Paper code within cells of QR-codes. In this paper, we report the robustness of reading cells of QR code which plays an important role in our code and the state of the progress for the implementation of the proposed system.
Automated Discovery in Managerial Problem Formulation: Formation of Causal Hypotheses for Cognitive Mapping (1993)

ABSTRACT Development of knowledge acquisition techniques known as automated discovery systems has occurred in deep and narrow domains of knowledge. Automated discovery is the generation of new knowledge by a computer system on its own, without the help of another knowledge source. This paper describes research and validation of an automated discovery system for a wide and shallow domain—business management. The system continues recent advances in expert systems research which have enhanced cognitive mapping, a problem formulation tool. The system perceives the behavior of distal variables in the environment through probabilistic cues‐to‐causality, and generates previously unknown hypotheses by aggregating the probabilities into a single criterion of causal relatedness. The system is validated against the source code of a simulated managerial environment, and causal relationships posited by decision makers experienced in the play of the gaming simulator.
CD uniformity improvement of sub 60nm contact hole using model based OPC (2008)

Generally, rule based optical proximity correction (OPC) together with conventional illumination is used for contact layers, because it is simple to handle and processing times are short. As the design rule is getting smaller, it becomes more difficult to accurately control critical dimension (CD) variation because of influence by nearby contact holes pattern. Especially, random contact hole shows greater amount of CD difference between X and Y direction compared to array contact holes. Several resolution enhancement techniques (RET) were used to resolve this kind of problem, but didn't meet the overall expectations. In this paper, we will present the results for novel contact hole model-based OPC for sub 60nm memory device. First, model calibration method will be proposed for contact holes pattern, which utilizes two thousands of real contact holes pattern to improve model accuracy in full chip. Second, verification method will be proposed to check weak points on full chip using model based verification. Finally, method for further enhancing CD variation within 5nm for model based OPC will be discussed using Die-to-Database Verification.
Compressive Spectrum Sensing in Centralized Vehicular Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

Cognitive radio enabled vehicular networks (CR-VNETs) is a new communication paradigm that enables moving vehicles to identify spectrum opportunities along busy streets and freeways. This detected spectrum may possibly lie in licensed frequency bands, and can be used for emergency communications, such as by primary responders during crises events. Spectrum sensing ensures that this spectrum is not currently occupied by licensed users, who have priority access rights. However, as the vehicles are in motion, the spectrum sensing at a given location must be completed with minimum delay, a challenge for classical energy and feature based detection schemes. This paper presents a new distributed compressive sampling technique that allows individual vehicles to report partial information to a centralized base station (BS), with an overhead of only few bytes. Thus, we tradeoff reporting time with processing complexity at the BS, which is tasked with re-constructing the overall spectrum utilization from these portions. Simulation results reveal significant improvements in detection time and accuracy, making our approach suitable for CR-VNETs.
The garbage collection advantage (2004)

As improvements in processor speed continue to outpace improvements in cache and memory speed, poor locality increasingly degrades performance. Because copying garbage collectors move objects, they have an opportunity to improve locality. However, no static copying order is guaranteed to match program traversal orders. This paper introduces <i>online object reordering</i> (OOR) which includes a new dynamic, online class analysis for Java that detects program traversal patterns and exploits them in a copying collector. OOR uses run-time method sampling that drives just-in-time (JIT) compilation. For each <i>hot</i> (frequently executed) method, OOR analysis identifies the hot field accesses. At garbage collection time, the OOR collector then copies referents of hot fields together with their parent. Enhancements include static analysis to exclude accesses in cold basic blocks, heuristics that decay heat to respond to phase changes, and a separate space for hot objects. The overhead of OOR is on average negligible and always less than 2% on Java benchmarks in Jikes RVM with MMTk. We compare program performance of OOR to static class-oblivious copying orders (e.g., breadth and depth first). Performance variation due to static orders is often low, but can be up to 25%. In contrast, OOR matches or improves upon the best static order since its history-based copying tunes memory layout to program traversal.
Familial glaucoma. In nine generations of a South Hampshire family. (1974)

A. Zorab (1932) reported a family suffering from "glaucoma simplex familialis" over three generations, the inheritance being autosomal dominant. Over the last 40 years, the various branches of this family have increased in number and two further generations have been added. In addition, four affected generations before those reported by A. Zorab (which he did not know about) have now been discovered. The purpose of this paper is to report the full extent of the pedigree of this family as far as is now known, and to describe the mani- festations of this particular familial chronic glaucoma and the way in which the disease progresses and responds to treatment. The glaucoma is associated with an abnormally developed iris and angle, but behaves rather like chronic simple glaucoma.
Taste receptor signalling – from tongues to lungs (2011)

Taste buds are the transducing endorgans of gustation. Each taste bud comprises 50-100 elongated cells, which extend from the basal lamina to the surface of the tongue, where their apical microvilli encounter taste stimuli in the oral cavity. Salts and acids utilize apically located ion channels for transduction, while bitter, sweet and umami (glutamate) stimuli utilize G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and second-messenger signalling mechanisms. This review will focus on GPCR signalling mechanisms. Two classes of taste GPCRs have been identified, the T1Rs for sweet and umami (glutamate) stimuli and the T2Rs for bitter stimuli. These low affinity GPCRs all couple to the same downstream signalling effectors that include Gβγ activation of phospholipase Cβ2, 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate mediated release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and Ca(2+) -dependent activation of the monovalent selective cation channel, TrpM5. These events lead to membrane depolarization, action potentials and release of ATP as a transmitter to activate gustatory afferents. The Gα subunit, α-gustducin, activates a phosphodiesterase to decrease intracellular cAMP levels, although the precise targets of cAMP have not been identified. With the molecular identification of the taste GPCRs, it has become clear that taste signalling is not limited to taste buds, but occurs in many cell types of the airways. These include solitary chemosensory cells, ciliated epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Bitter receptors are most abundantly expressed in the airways, where they respond to irritating chemicals and promote protective airway reflexes, utilizing the same downstream signalling effectors as taste cells.
Needlestick Distal Nerve Injury in Rats Models Symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (2007)

Needlestick DNI models several clinical and pathological features of human CRPS and provides direct prospective evidence that even minor DNI can cause CRPS-like abnormalities in rats.
In-vitro ultrasound temperature monitoring in bovine liver during RF ablation therapy using autocorrelation (2003)

Presents a 2D tissue temperature estimation method for in-vitro monitoring of a bovine liver using diagnostic ultrasound when the tissue is heated under RF thermal therapy. The physical theory of the ultrasound temperature estimations is based on the linear relationship between the degree of temperature change and the ultrasound echo-shift. The RF echo signals were used to calculate the 2D phase changes and estimate the temperature distributions map. It is demonstrated that the ultrasound temperature estimation method can successfully estimate the 2D temperature distribution in bovine liver tissue for temperature ranging from 30/spl deg/C to 70/spl deg/C. The temperature distributions map can also be shown on a regular B-mode ultrasound image by overlaying. This temperature estimation method shows the dynamics of the temperature distribution inside tissue, this information is very important for thermal dosage control and real time temperature monitoring during RF thermal therapy.
Experimental study of a negative corona in atmospheric-pressure argon (2007)

Results are presented from experimental studies of a negative point-to-plane dc corona in atmospheric-pressure argon. Several operating modes are identified: a hysteresis region, a repetitive mode, and a glow-discharge mode. The effect of gas-dynamic parameters on the characteristics of a repetitive negative corona is investigated.
Edge-enhanced Raman scattering in narrow sGe fin field-effect transistor channels (2015)

We report micro-Raman spectroscopy results on strained Ge narrow (20 nm) channels for finFET nanoelectronics technology. It is found that the Raman activity of the structures is strongly dependent on the relative orientation of the excitation laser polarization and the structure geometry. While the observation of the typical Ge Raman signatures is challenging for the antiparallel orientation, a dramatic enhancement of the signal is found for a parallel orientation. Simulations confirm that a significant concentration of the light's electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the edges of the structures is at the origin of the strong Raman enhancement. The edge enhancement of the Raman scattering is a promising tool for the non-destructive characterization of nanometer-scale semiconductor structures and devices.
Constituents of Terminallia bellirica (Stem Bark) (2012)

From the Petroleum ether extract of Terminalia Bellirica (stem bark), Friedelin (1), Oleanolic acid (2), and Betulonic acid (3) have been isolated and characterized. Whereas 5, 6, 7, 4’-tetramethoxy flavones (4) has been isolated and characterized from ethanolic extract. The flavone is being reported for the first time from the title plant.
Essential cysteines in 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. (1992)

The phenylalanine-sensitive isozyme of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli was inactivated by the sulfhydryl modifying reagents 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), bromopyruvate, and N-ethylmaleimide and protected from inactivation by the presence of its metal activator, Mn2+, and substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate. Inactivation by 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) was correlated with modification of two of the seven cysteine sulfhydryls of the enzyme monomer. The kinetics of 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) modification were altered significantly and distinctively by both substrates (phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate), by Mn2+, and by L-phenylalanine, suggesting that ligand binding has significant effects on the conformation of the enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create multiple substitutions at the two invariant cysteine residues of the polypeptide, Cys-61 and Cys-328. Analysis of purified mutant enzymes indicated that Cys-61 is essential for catalytic activity and for metal binding. Cys-328 was found to be nonessential for catalytic activity, although mutations at this position had significant negative effects on Vmax, KmMn, and KmPEP.
Towards visual ego-motion learning in robots (2017)

Many model-based Visual Odometry (VO) algorithms have been proposed in the past decade, often restricted to the type of camera optics, or the underlying motion manifold observed. We envision robots to be able to learn and perform these tasks, in a minimally supervised setting, as they gain more experience. To this end, we propose a fully trainable solution to visual ego-motion estimation for varied camera optics. We propose a visual ego-motion learning architecture that maps observed optical flow vectors to an ego-motion density estimate via a Mixture Density Network (MDN). By modeling the architecture as a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (C-VAE), our model is able to provide introspective reasoning and prediction for ego-motion induced scene-flow. Additionally, our proposed model is especially amenable to bootstrapped ego-motion learning in robots where the supervision in ego-motion estimation for a particular camera sensor can be obtained from standard navigation-based sensor fusion strategies (GPS/INS and wheel-odometry fusion). Through experiments, we show the utility of our proposed approach in enabling the concept of self-supervised learning for visual ego-motion estimation in autonomous robots.
The Drosophila Homologue of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Is a Conserved Modulator of Wnt PCP Signaling (2013)

Wnt Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling is a universal regulator of polarity in epithelial cells, but it regulates axon outgrowth in neurons, suggesting the existence of axonal modulators of Wnt-PCP activity. The Amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) are intensely investigated because of their link to Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP's in vivo function in the brain and the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear and controversial. Drosophila possesses a single APP homologue called APP Like, or APPL. APPL is expressed in all neurons throughout development, but has no established function in neuronal development. We therefore investigated the role of Drosophila APPL during brain development. We find that APPL is involved in the development of the Mushroom Body αβ neurons and, in particular, is required cell-autonomously for the β-axons and non-cell autonomously for the α-axons growth. Moreover, we find that APPL is a modulator of the Wnt-PCP pathway required for axonal outgrowth, but not cell polarity. Molecularly, both human APP and fly APPL form complexes with PCP receptors, thus suggesting that APPs are part of the membrane protein complex upstream of PCP signaling. Moreover, we show that APPL regulates PCP pathway activation by modulating the phosphorylation of the Wnt adaptor protein Dishevelled (Dsh) by Abelson kinase (Abl). Taken together our data suggest that APPL is the first example of a modulator of the Wnt-PCP pathway specifically required for axon outgrowth.
Increased cerebral blood flow but no reversal or prevention of vasospasm in response to l-arginine infusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2000)

Brief intracarotid and continuous intravenous infusion of L-arginine did not influence the incidence or degree of cerebral vasospasm. After SAH, intracarotid infusion of L-arginine markedly increased rCBF in a primate model of SAH. These findings discourage the use of L-arginine as a treatment for vasospasm after SAH.