gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically small microstrip antenna with height discontinuity (2009)

With the proposed scheme, the size of a microstrip antenna can be reduced as much as desired. However the antenna efficiency as well as the bandwidth will be lowered because of the reduced aperture area, which will be communicated further in the future.
Estimating PageRank on graph streams (2011)

This article focuses on computations on large graphs (e.g., the web-graph) where the edges of the graph are presented as a stream. The objective in the streaming model is to use small amount of memory (preferably sub-linear in the number of nodes n ) and a smaller number of passes. In the streaming model, we show how to perform several graph computations including estimating the probability distribution after a random walk of length l , the mixing time M , and other related quantities such as the conductance of the graph. By applying our algorithm for computing probability distribution on the web-graph, we can estimate the PageRank p of any node up to an additive error of √ε p +ε in Õ (√ M /α) passes and Õ (min( n α+1/ε√ M /α+(1/ε) M α, α n √ M α + (1/ε)√ M /α)) space, for any α ∈ (0,1]. Specifically, for ε = M / n , α = M −1/2 , we can compute the approximate PageRank values in Õ( nM −1/4 ) space and Õ( M 3/4 ) passes. In comparison, a standard implementation of the PageRank algorithm will take O(n) space and O(M) passes. We also give an approach to approximate the PageRank values in just Õ(1) passes although this requires Õ( nM ) space.
Nonparametric membership functions and fuzzy logic for vision sensor-based flame detection (2010)

This paper proposes an advanced fire-flame detection algorithm using camera images for a better performance than conventional sensor-based systems that are limited to a small area. First, candidate flame regions are detected from the captured images using a background model and flame-color model. After forming probability density functions for the intensity variation, wavelet energy, and motion orientation on a time axis, these probability density functions are changed into membership functions for fuzzy logic. Finally, the result function is made by defuzzification, and the probability value of a fire flame is estimated. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to various fire videos, including indoor and outdoor fires, and shows a better detection performance when compared with other methods.
Active control of axial fan noise using a multiple-input multiple-output feedback controller. (2010)

In the past, significant progress has been made in actively controlling the tonal noise of axial cooling fans using a digital, feed-forward controller. Progress has also been made in controlling broadband fan noise using an analog feedback controller due to the nondeterministic nature of the noise. Current work focuses on the control of broadband noise with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) feedback controller using four control sources and four error sensors. To ensure stability of the closed-loop control system, the phase and magnitude characteristics of the controller must be chosen to produce attenuation in the target frequency band without augmenting the noise outside the band. A practical analog feedback controller will be presented, and performance results will be compared between a single-input single-output controller and a MIMO controller.
High-Efficiency Nanoparticle Solution-Processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)<sub>2</sub>Solar Cells (2017)

Thin film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based (generally referred to as CIGS) solar cells represent a promising alternative to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells due to their high efficiencies, reduced cost, and better material utilization. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to form thin films by annealing nanoparticulate material such that the nanoparticles coalesce to form large grained thin films. In this paper, we present a 13.8% efficient CIGS solar cell derived from printed nanoparticle inks. The approach was successfully extended to fabricate monolithic devices on larger substrates. These results demonstrate that low-cost, nonvacuum printing of CIGS nanoparticles has great potential to achieve high efficiencies and reduce the performance gap with the more traditional vacuum co-evaporation and sputtering techniques.
Double-Receiver-Based Pure Rotational Raman LiDAR for Measuring Atmospheric Temperature at Altitudes Between Near Ground and Up To 35 km (2019)

We report on a double-receiver-based pure rotational Raman (PRR) LiDAR that can, for the first time, obtain nighttime temperature profiles simultaneously at altitudes between 0.05 and 35 km. The LiDAR emits a 532.2-nm laser light and collects atmospheric backscatters with near-range (0.05–10 km) and far-range (8–35 km) receivers. The two receivers differ in telescope apertures and design of receiving optics. A unique calibration module with ~35.3- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> rad angular positioning accuracy is developed for easy and convenient optical adjustment of the receiving optics. Typical LiDAR-retrieved temperature profiles on a clear-sky observational night are provided and compared with data from radiosonde launched at Wuhan Weather Station (~23.4-km northwest of the LiDAR site). For a 15-min temporal and 90-m spatial resolution, the 1- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> statistical uncertainty has a maximum of 1.9 K at 35 km, while the maximum absolute temperature deviation between the LiDAR and concurrent radiosonde reaches only 2 K at altitudes of 0.05–30 km under the conditions of stable atmosphere and no inversion layers. The temperature variability has been studied. The 15-min-to-15-min temperature variability tends to rise with increasing altitude in the altitude range from 2.2 to 35 km as a whole. In the troposphere, the significant variability is found to occur only at the inversion layer altitudes.
A finite-state approach to machine translation (2005)

The problem of machine translation can be viewed as consisting of two subproblems: (a) lexical selection; (b) lexical reordering. We propose stochastic finite-state models for these two subproblems. Stochastic finite-state models are efficiently able to learn from data, effective for decoding and are associated with a calculus for composing models which allows for tight integration of constraints from various levels of language processing. We present a method for learning stochastic finite-state models for lexical choice and lexical reordering that are trained automatically from pairs of source and target utterances. We use this method to develop models for English-Japanese translation and present the performance of these models for translation of speech and text. We also evaluate the efficacy of such a translation model in the context of a call routing task of unconstrained speech utterances.
Scale-space representation of 3D models and topological matching (2003)

Reeb graphs have been shown to be effective for topology matching of 3D objects. Their effectiveness breaks down, however, when the individual models become very geometrically and topologically detailed---as is the case for complex machined parts. The result is that Reeb graph techniques, as developed for matching general shape and computer graphics models, produce poor results when directly applied to create engineering databases.This paper presents a framework for shape matching through scale-space decomposition of 3D models. The algorithm is based on recent developments in efficient hierarchical decomposition of metric data using its spectral properties. Through spectral decomposition, we reduce the problem of matching to that of computing a mapping and distance measure between vertex-labeled rooted trees. We use a dynamic programming scheme to compute distances between trees corresponding to solid models. Empirical evaluation of the algorithm on an extensive set of 3D matching trials demonstrates both robustness and efficiency of the overall approach.
Graphene nanoribbons initiated from molecularly derived seeds (2022)

Semiconducting graphene nanoribbons are promising materials for nanoelectronics but are held back by synthesis challenges. Here we report that molecular-scale carbon seeds can be exploited to initiate the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of graphene to generate one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons narrower than 5 nm when coupled with growth phenomena that selectively extend seeds along a single direction. This concept is demonstrated by subliming graphene-like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules onto a Ge(001) catalyst surface and then anisotropically evolving size-controlled nanoribbons from the seeds along [Formula: see text] of Ge(001) via CH<sub>4</sub> CVD. Armchair nanoribbons with mean normalized standard deviation as small as 11% (3 times smaller than nanoribbons nucleated without seeds), aspect ratio as large as 30, and width as narrow as 2.6 nm (tunable via CH<sub>4</sub> exposure time) are realized. Two populations of nanoribbons are compared in field-effect transistors (FETs), with off-current differing by 150 times because of the nanoribbons' different widths.
Interferon Stabilization and Enhancement by Rare Earth Salts (1981)

The addition of salts of the rare earth elements (lanthanides) enhances by a factor of two or more the initial activity of human fibroblast, leukocyte and immune interferons as well as mouse L-cell interferon. Furthermore, the salts of the lanthanides (0.01 to 0.002 M) preserve the activity of human fibroblast interferon not only after 4 days of heating at 37 degrees C but also after exposure to severe shearing forces; human leukocyte interferon was stabilized to a lesser degree, albeit significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: A PRACTICAL STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF THE BIOTIN PRECURSOR (3Aα,6Aα)‐1,3‐DIBENZYLHEXAHYDRO‐1H‐THIENO(3,4‐D)IMIDAZOL‐2(3H)‐ONE 1,1‐DIOXIDE (1985)

Abstract A Practical Stereospecific Synthesis of the Biotin Precursor (3aa,6aa)‐l ,3‐Dibenzylhexahydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐d]imidazo ‐2(3H)‐one Ll‐Dioxide.
Autocalibrating Tiled Projectors on Piecewise Smooth Vertically Extruded Surfaces (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel technique to calibrate multiple casually aligned projectors on fiducial-free piecewise smooth vertically extruded surfaces using a single camera. Such surfaces include cylindrical displays and CAVEs, common in immersive virtual reality systems. We impose two priors to the display surface. We assume the surface is a piecewise smooth vertically extruded surface for which the aspect ratio of the rectangle formed by the four corners of the surface is known and the boundary is visible and segmentable. Using these priors, we can estimate the display's 3D geometry and camera extrinsic parameters using a nonlinear optimization technique from a single image without any explicit display to camera correspondences. Using the estimated camera and display properties, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of each projector are recovered using a single projected pattern seen by the camera. This in turn is used to register the images on the display from any arbitrary viewpoint making it appropriate for virtual reality systems. The fast convergence and robustness of this method is achieved via a novel dimension reduction technique for camera parameter estimation and a novel deterministic technique for projector property estimation. This simplicity, efficiency, and robustness of our method enable several coveted features for nonplanar projection-based displays. First, it allows fast recalibration in the face of projector, display or camera movements and even change in display shape. Second, this opens up, for the first time, the possibility of allowing multiple projectors to overlap on the corners of the CAVE-a popular immersive VR display system. Finally, this opens up the possibility of easily deploying multiprojector displays on aesthetic novel shapes for edutainment and digital signage applications.
Synergistic activation of p53 by inhibition of <i>MDM2</i> expression and DNA damage (1998)

The MDM2 oncogene encodes an inhibitor of the p53 tumor suppressor protein that regulates p53 in a negative feedback loop. MDM2 gene amplification and overexpression occur in several types of tumors and are often associated with poor prognosis. An MDM2 antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide has been identified that effectively inhibits MDM2 expression in tumor cells containing MDM2 gene amplifications. Antisense inhibition of MDM2 is associated with a decrease in MDM2-p53 complex formation, increase in p53-inducible gene expression, increase in p53 transcriptional activity, and apoptosis. Significantly, inhibition of MDM2 expression enhances the activation of p53 by a DNA-damaging cancer chemotherapy agent in a synergistic fashion. Therefore, the MDM2 negative feedback pathway is an important limiting factor in DNA damage-induced p53 activation. MDM2 antisense oligonucleotides may be useful as antitumor agents alone or as enhancers of other conventional DNA-damaging drugs.
Structured labeling for facilitating concept evolution in machine learning (2014)

Labeling data is a seemingly simple task required for training many machine learning systems, but is actually fraught with problems. This paper introduces the notion of concept evolution, the changing nature of a person's underlying concept (the abstract notion of the target class a person is labeling for, e.g., spam email, travel related web pages) which can result in inconsistent labels and thus be detrimental to machine learning. We introduce two structured labeling solutions, a novel technique we propose for helping people define and refine their concept in a consistent manner as they label. Through a series of five experiments, including a controlled lab study, we illustrate the impact and dynamics of concept evolution in practice and show that structured labeling helps people label more consistently in the presence of concept evolution than traditional labeling.
Novel potential marker for native anteversion of the proximal femur (2016)

Identifying native femoral version from proximal femoral landmarks would be of benefit both for preoperative assessment as well as intraoperatively. To identify potential markers for femoral anteversion, an empirical framework was developed for orientation-independent analysis of the proximal femur from pelvic CT to allow for segmentation of the proximal femur into five constituent regions: Femoral head, femoral neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter and femoral shaft. The framework is based on the identification of differences in the radius of curvature at anatomic zones of transition between regions of the proximal femur, followed by non-linear geometric shape fitting. The framework is applied to 86 proximal femurs segmented from pelvic CTs, with at least 2 cm of proximal femur remaining below the lesser trochanter, obtained for non-musculoskeletal pathology to investigate potential proximal femoral markers for native femoral version. The analysis of the proximal femur suggests a fixed relationship between the maximal femoral canal diameter 1 cm proximal to the base of the lesser trochanter from the center of the greater trochanter and the femoral neck axis of 4.13° +/- 4.99°. Further full-length femoral studies are needed to confirm the relationship of the maximal canal diameter as a proxy for native femoral anteversion. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1724-1731, 2017.
Ensemble Sparse Models for Image Analysis (2013)

Sparse representations with learned dictionaries have been successful in several image analysis applications. In this paper, we propose and analyze the framework of ensemble sparse models, and demonstrate their utility in image restoration and unsupervised clustering. The proposed ensemble model approximates the data as a linear combination of approximations from multiple \textit{weak} sparse models. Theoretical analysis of the ensemble model reveals that even in the worst-case, the ensemble can perform better than any of its constituent individual models. The dictionaries corresponding to the individual sparse models are obtained using either random example selection or boosted approaches. Boosted approaches learn one dictionary per round such that the dictionary learned in a particular round is optimized for the training examples having high reconstruction error in the previous round. Results with compressed recovery show that the ensemble representations lead to a better performance compared to using a single dictionary obtained with the conventional alternating minimization approach. The proposed ensemble models are also used for single image superresolution, and we show that they perform comparably to the recent approaches. In unsupervised clustering, experiments show that the proposed model performs better than baseline approaches in several standard datasets.
Measurement configuration optimization for grating reconstruction by Mueller matrix polarimetry (2013)

As a non-imaging optical measurement technique, spectroscopic Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) has been introduced for critical dimension (CD) and overlay metrology with recent great success. Due to the additional information provided by the Mueller matrices when the most general conical diffraction configuration is considered, MMP has demonstrated a great potential in semiconductor manufacturing. In order to make full use of the additional information provided by the Mueller matrices, it is of great importance for MMP to optimize the measurement configuration. In this paper, we introduce the norm of a configuration error propagating matrix as the cost function to optimize the measurement configuration for spectroscopic MMP with the aim of finding an optimal combination of fixed incidence and azimuthal angles, which provides higher measurement accuracy. The optimal measurement configuration can be achieved by minimizing the norm of the configuration error propagating matrix in the available ranges of incidence and azimuthal angles. Experiments performed on a silicon grating with a dual-rotating compensator Mueller matrix polarimeter have demonstrated the validity of the proposed measurement configuration optimization method.
Two Clinical Phenotypes in Polycythemia Vera (2014)

Removing sex as a potential confounder, we identified an accurate molecular method for classifying patients with polycythemia vera according to disease behavior, independently of their JAK2 V617F allele burden, and identified previously unrecognized molecular pathways in polycythemia vera outside the canonical JAK2 pathway that may be amenable to targeted therapy. (Funded by the Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health.).
A Self-Contained, PV-Powered Toilet and Domestic Waste Water Disinfection System (2013)

A Self-Contained, PV-Powered Toilet and Domestic Waste Water Disinfection SystemA comprehensive design review, development, construction, and performance testing of a sustainable, traditional infrastructure-free approach to the handling and processing of human sanitary waste including human fecal solids control, urine processing, and liquid wastewater treatment. The treatment scheme incorporates sludge disinfection, treatment, and volume reduction. This solar...Author(s)Yan QuAsghar AryanfarClement CidHao ZhangMichael R. HoffmannSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Feb, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813503701Volume / Issue2013 / 2Content sourceDisinfection and Reuse SymposiumCopyright2013Word count317
Sensitive Detection of Competitive Molecular Adsorption by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Surface adsorption plays a critical role in a wide variety of fields from surface catalysis to molecular separation. Despite the importance, limited access to simultaneously sensitive and selective detection mechanisms has hampered the acquisition of comprehensive and versatile experimental data needed to understand the complex aspects of mixture adsorption, calling for a molecular detection method capable of obtaining the surface adsorption isotherms over a wide range of concentrations as well as distinguishing the competitive adsorption of different adsorbates. Here, we test surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an effective analysis tool of surface adsorption phenomena. Using a sensitive SERS substrate, we characterize the adsorption isotherms of chemical species of various binding energies. We obtained the isotherms for strongly binding species in a concentration range from subpicomolar to micromolar. A log-sigmoidal dependency of the SERS signals to the analyte concentration could be modeled by surface binding theories accurately using molecular dynamics simulations, thereby bringing out the potential capability of sensitive SERS for describing a single-compound adsorption process. SERS also enabled the determination of competitive adsorption isotherms from a multiple-compound solution for the first time. The successful demonstration of the sensitive and selective characterization of surface adsorption lends SERS adaptability to a cheap, facile, and effective solution for chemical analysis.
Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 in Drug Discovery (2010)

Vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in drug discovery , Vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in drug discovery , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
An investigation of potential water-soluble chemiluminescent materials. Annual summary progress report, 1 September 1977-31 August 1978 (1978)

A new highly efficient class of chemiluminescent oxalic acid derivatives, N-trifluoromethyl sulfonyl oxamides, has been discovered. One member of this class, N,N'-bis(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-N,N'-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)oxamide, has given the highest chemiluminescence quantum yield (34%) reported for a chemiluminescent reaction in an organic solvent system. Modification of the structure of these oxamides has produced water-soluble derivatives but none were chemiluminescent in aqueous media. (Author)
Laser Liftoff of GaAs Thin Films (2014)

The high cost of single crystal III-V substrates limits the use of GaAs and related sphalerite III-V materials in many applications, especially photovoltaics. Separating epitaxially-grown layers from a growth substrate can reduce costs, however the current approach, which uses an acid to laterally etch an epitaxial sacrificial layer, is slow and can damage other device layers. Here, we demonstrate a new approach that is orders of magnitude faster, and that enables more freedom in the selection of other device layers. We show damage-free removal of an epitaxial single crystal GaAs film from its GaAs growth substrate using a laser that is absorbed by a smaller-band-gap, pseudomorphic layer grown between the substrate and the GaAs film. The liftoff process transfers the GaAs film to a flexible polymer substrate, and the transferred GaAs layer is indistinguishable in structural quality from its growth substrate.