gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congestion management in high-speed networks (1997)

The focus of this dissertation is on congestion control algorithms in rate-based networks. We consider the problem of how to allocate available bandwidth fairly between competing flows and the effect of such allocation on window-based transport protocols, such as TCP. We study TCP behavior and analyze its performance in both one-way and two-way traffic scenarios, not only in pure rate-controlled environments, but also, in an environment where classical IP datagram networks are interconnected by rate-controlled segments.
We develop an explicit rate allocation algorithm for ATM switches, that achieves max-min fair allocation of the available bandwidth, and can satisfy minimum bandwidth requests.
The source of a connection responds to the explicit rate feedback received from the network by adjusting the rate of transmission using and increase/decrease policy. We analyze the source policy, derive approximate analytical closed-form expressions to describe the rate increase process, and use these approximations to analyze the impact of the source algorithm on the TCP slow-start process when operating over a rate-controlled network where the rate allocation is performed explicitly in the switches.
Next, we examine the behavior of a window-based congestion control algorithm over a rate-controlled channel (for example, TCP operating over ABR service). The bunching of acknowledgements (ack compression) in the end systems in such an environment under two-way traffic can lead to significant loss of throughput and unfairness. We develop an analytical model for the IP queue behavior at the end systems and use it to estimate the throughput of the TCP connections.
We explore solutions to the ack compression problem. We study three approaches to improve the throughput of the connections: (i) transmitting acknowledgments at a higher priority than data, (ii) using a connection-level backpressure mechanism to limit the maximum amount of data buffered in the outgoing IP queue of the source of the low-bandwidth connection, and (iii) using a scheduling mechanism to allocate bandwidth between data and acks. We show that only the third approach is able to provide isolation and to control the connection throughputs precisely.
Finally, we study the performance of TCP in an internetwork consisting of both rate-controlled and non-rate-controlled segments. We evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent packet discard policies such as Random Early Detection (RED) and Drop-from-Front in improving the TCP throughput and fairness in such environments. We also develop an explicit feedback scheme based on modifying the receiver's advertised window in TCP acknowledgments returning to the source. Our results show that this explicit window adaptation scheme results in superior throughput and fairness over the packet discard policies studied. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Stabilization of hypersonic boundary layers by porous coatings (2001)

A second-mode stability analysis has been performed for a hypersonic boundary layer on a wall covered by a porous coating with equally spaced cylindrical blind microholes. Massive reduction of the second mode amplification is found to be due to the disturbance energy absorption by the porous layer. This stabilization effect was demonstrated by experiments recently conducted on a sharp cone in the T-5 high-enthalpy wind tunnel of the Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology. Their experimental confirmation of the theoretical predictions underscores the possibility that ultrasonically absorptive porous coatings may be exploited for passive laminar flow control on hypersonic vehicle surfaces.
A Parallel Tree Pattern Query Processing Algorithm for Graph Databases using a GPGPU (2015)

Large amounts of data are modeled and stored as graphs in order to express complex data relationships. Consequently, query processing on graph structures is becoming an important component in real-world applications. The most commonly used query format is that of tree pattern queries. We present a new parallel SIMD algorithm, GGQ (GPU Graph data base Query), for answering tree pattern queries on graph databases, using a GPU. We present the results of extensive experimentation of GGQ on large graph databases using known benchmarks that show that GGQ is an effective and competitive algorithm.
Construction of polyvalent error control codes for multilevel memories (2002)

The introduction of the multilevel storage approach and the advances in semiconductor memory technology towards higher-density chips create new reliability challenges for the memory designer. This paper presents a method to construct polyvalent error control codes for multilevel memories, which protect data stored in memory cells working at a variable number of bits per cell. The obtainable error control scheme allows a flexible use of multilevel memories assuring required data protection by exploiting the same encoding/decoding circuit and check cells. Implementation aspects of an encoding/decoding circuit are also discussed.
A silicon electro-mechano tissue assay surgical tweezer (2014)

Surgeons make decisions on the use of different surgical tools providing a spectrum of contact forces to cut and manipulate tissue. These decisions are mostly made without quantitative data about the mechanical integrity and mechanical properties of the tissue. Here we report on an instrumented silicon tweezer for characterizing the electromechanical properties of tissue that is being tweezed by the device. The tweezer is designed for characterizing tissue during surgical procedures. This silicon tweezer was designed with a spring constant of 9 N/m, and maximum silicon stress of 80.7 MPa during the tweezing motion to prevent silicon fracture. Multiple thin-film sensors are integrated along with the silicon tweezer, four sets of strain gauges, two sets of permittivity sensors and sixteen platinum bio-potential recording electrodes. Therefore, insertion force, permittivity and electrical properties of tissue can be monitored simultaneously at different locations provide fast information in time critical surgeries. A set of piezoelectric transducers is attached on the legs of the tweezer for gap monitoring with 20 μm displacement resolution. The tissue stiffness can then be estimated by the measured through applied force and distance variation. This device addresses a key problem during intestinal anastomoses surgical operation where stapling devices are used to seal tissue.
π-phase-shifted periodic distributed structuresin optical fibres by UV post-processing (1994)

UV post-processing of an inline photolytic grating has allowed the fabrication of a π-phase-shifted distributed phase structure in an optical fibre with a transmission filter of ~100 MHz.
Content-Aware P2P Video Streaming with Low Latency (2007)

This paper describes the Stanford P2P multicast (SPPM) streaming system that employs an overlay architecture specifically designed for low delay video applications. In order to provide interactivity to the user, this system has to keep the end-to-end delay as small as possible while guaranteeing a high video quality. A set of complimentary multicast trees is maintained to efficiently relay video traffic and a congestion-distortion optimized (CoDiO) scheduler prioritizes more important video packets. Local retransmission is employed to mitigate packet loss. Real-time experiments performed on the Planet-Lab show the effectiveness of the system and the benefits of a content-aware scheduler in case of congestion or node failures.
A microRNA-based liquid biopsy signature for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective, prospective and multicenter study (2022)

We have developed a novel and robust circulating miRNA-based signature for early detection of ESCC, which was successfully validated in multiple retrospective and prospective multinational, multicenter cohorts.
54‐3: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Flexible Active‐Matrix OLET Display on a Plastic Substrate (2016)

The organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) with a novel tri‐layer organic semiconducting heterostructure architecture and good performance, including record high EQE, is presented. In addition, an active‐matrix display based on OLETs, without driving TFTs, will be demonstrated on a plastic substrate. The potential advantages of such technologies will be discussed.
Digital holographic storage system incorporating optical fixing (1997)

Digital holograms have been written in stoichiometric Pr:LiNbO(3) in a two-color recording scheme, demonstrating what is to our knowledge the first all-optical nondestructive readout of digital data. Using writing light at 800nm and gating light at 476 nm, we stored and retrieved 256-kbit digital data pages with a raw bit-error rate BER of <10(-4) .
Selective Substitution of 31/42–OH in Rapamycin Guided by an in Situ IR Technique (2014)

An in situ IR technique was applied in the selective synthesis of the key intermediate for rapamycin derivatives, which made the reaction endpoint easily defined. This technology solved a bothersome problem in the preparation of rapamycin derivatives, and based on this technique, the 31-OH and 42-OH of rapamycin were chemically modified by a series of quaternary ammonium salts to generate 11 compounds. The solubility of all these compounds was remarkably improved (25,000 times higher than that of rapamycin) and their structures were confirmed by MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging predicts clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease (2015)

Non-invasive standardised multiparametric MR technology may be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease.
Enhancement of photorefraction in whispering gallery mode resonators (2006)

We report on the study of photorefractive properties of as-grown nominally pure lithium niobate and tantalate crystals using whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators. The photorefractive effect manifests itself as a dynamic modification of the spectrum of the resonator, which includes the relative motion of various families of WGMs in the frequency space. We have observed the effect in near $(780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ as well as in the far $(1550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ infrared. Our experiments support the conclusion that the photorefractivity does not have a distinct red boundary. We show that the maximum saturated refractive index change in the infrared is of the same order of magnitude as in the visible light.
An Automated Method for Computer Vision Analysis of Cannon-Launched Projectile Video (2014)

Abstract This paper describes a cost effective automated methodology to analyze launch video of artillery projectiles. Image processing and computer vision techniques are used to segment and classify the projectile shape in each video frame. Within minutes of being fired, the initial position, velocity, and orientation history of the projectile in three-dimensional space is determined at the gun site. An overview of several standard methods used by the Army to characterize pitching and yawing motion of projectiles is included, as well as a discussion of the limitations of these methods. Results from real artillery testing using the automated video analysis method are validated through comparisons to results measured using conventional techniques.
Novel Inhibitors Induce Large Conformational Changes of GAB1 Pleckstrin Homology Domain and Kill Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

The Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) integrates signals from different signaling pathways and is over-expressed in many cancers, therefore representing a new therapeutic target. In the present study, we aim to target the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of GAB1 for cancer treatment. Using homology models we derived, high-throughput virtual screening of five million compounds resulted in five hits which exhibited strong binding affinities to GAB1 PH domain. Our prediction of ligand binding affinities is also in agreement with the experimental KD values. Furthermore, molecular dynamics studies showed that GAB1 PH domain underwent large conformational changes upon ligand binding. Moreover, these hits inhibited the phosphorylation of GAB1 and demonstrated potent, tumor-specific cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. This effort represents the discovery of first-in-class GAB1 PH domain inhibitors with potential for targeted breast cancer therapy and provides novel insights into structure-based approaches to targeting this protein.
Polydimethylsiloxane-based optical waveguides for tetherless powering of floating microstimulators (2017)

Neural electrodes and associated electronics are powered either through percutaneous wires or transcutaneous powering schemes with energy harvesting devices implanted underneath the skin. For electrodes implanted in the spinal cord and the brain stem that experience large displacements, wireless powering may be an option to eliminate device failure by the breakage of wires and the tethering of forces on the electrodes. We tested the feasibility of using optically clear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a waveguide to collect the light in a subcutaneous location and deliver to deeper regions inside the body, thereby replacing brittle metal wires tethered to the electrodes with PDMS-based optical waveguides that can transmit energy without being attached to the targeted electrode. We determined the attenuation of light along the PDMS waveguides as 0.36 ± 0.03 ?? dB / cm and the transcutaneous light collection efficiency of cylindrical waveguides as 44 % ± 11 % by transmitting a laser beam through the thenar skin of human hands. We then implanted the waveguides in rats for a month to demonstrate the feasibility of optical transmission. The collection efficiency and longitudinal attenuation values reported here can help others design their own waveguides and make estimations of the waveguide cross-sectional area required to deliver sufficient power to a certain depth in tissue.
Recent Patents on Waveguide Orthomode Transducers (2010)

This paper reviews some of the most relevant recent patents on waveguide orthomode transducers whose electrical function is to combine or separate two orthogonal polarisations. Different technical solutions are presented with special focus on compactness and/or improved performances. Increased power handling, reduced higher order modes generation, wide frequency band operation, etc. are some of the typical improvements targeted by the presented designs. Most of the solutions can be adapted from dual linear to dual circular polarisation operation with limited design modifications. Some of the discussed solutions can also be adapted into orthomode junctions when multiple frequency band operation is required. Keywords: Orthomode transducer, orthomode junction, waveguide, turnstile junction, dual polarisation
Development of multiple pass exposure in electron beam direct write lithography for sub-32nm nodes (2009)

Electron beam direct write lithography is used in the ASIC manufacturing industry to sustain optical lithography for prototyping applications, low volume production and for the development of the next technological nodes. However the standard proximity effects corrections based on dose modulation are not sufficient to provide the patterning accuracy required for the sub-32nm nodes. New methods are needed to push the resolution capabilities of electron beam lithography. In a previous paper, a new writing strategy based on multiple pass exposure has been introduced. It consists in adding small electron Resolution Improvement Features (eRIF) atop the nominal features. Thanks to this new method, critical lines have been patterned with enlarged energy latitude. In this paper, multiple pass exposure is applied to the sub-32nm nodes. The influence of the design of the eRIF is analysed in detail. The best conditions in terms of dose, size and placement of the eRIF are used to establish a methodology to optimize this new strategy. Using multiple pass exposure, the energy latitude was increased up to about 20% which is three times the energy latitude of the standard exposure. Then the impact of multiple pass exposure on the writing time of the electron beam tool is studied. It appears that a compromise has to be found between the writing time and the improvement of the energy latitude. Finally it is shown that the resolution capabilities of the electron beam lithography can be increased using the multiple pass exposure strategy.
High-stiffness driven micromechanical resonators with enhanced power handling (2012)

A two-port silicon-based micromechanical beam resonator driven at its high-stiffness locations has been proposed with enhanced power handling as compared with the same resonator but using conventional drive/sense configurations. The key to attaining superior power handling relies on the electrode arrangements where critical handling power (or Duffing-nonlinear bifurcation power) becomes much higher by driving the resonator at its high-stiffness locations than low-stiffness areas. In this work, resonators using high-stiffness driving approach exhibit around 20× (20 times) power handling improvement as compared to low-stiffness driving counterpart while the motional impedances in both cases are the same under linear operation.
Signal Processing in High-End Hearing Aids: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends (2005)

The development of hearing aids incorporates two aspects, namely, the audiological and the technical point of view. The former focuses on items like the recruitment phenomenon, the speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired persons, or just on the question of hearing comfort. Concerning these subjects, different algorithms intending to improve the hearing ability are presented in this paper. These are automatic gain controls, directional microphones, and noise reduction algorithms. Besides the audiological point of view, there are several purely technical problems which have to be solved. An important one is the acoustic feedback. Another instance is the proper automatic control of all hearing aid components by means of a classification unit. In addition to an overview of state-of-the-art algorithms, this paper focuses on future trends.
Plasmodium falciparum Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Pregnancy Malaria Associated Gene Expression (2008)

These findings suggest that other parasite proteins, such as PFI1785w, may contribute beside VAR2CSA to the pathogenesis of PAM. These data may be very valuable for future vaccine development.
Electrostatic propulsion using C60 molecules (1992)

An evaluation is made of the potential benefits of C60 molecules as a basis for ion propulsion. Because C60 is storable, its use may result in a larger usable propellant fraction than previous methods of cluster ion propulsion. C60 may also relax such engineering constraints as grid spacing, which restrict the performance of noble gas ion propulsion. The behavior of C60 in a plasma discharge environment, as well as various electron impact cross sections of the molecule, will greatly afftect the feasibility of the concept.
Low-Power Multiport SRAM With Cross-Point Write Word-Lines, Shared Write Bit-Lines, and Shared Write Row-Access Transistors (2014)

This brief proposes one-write-one-read (1W1R) and two-write-two-read (2W2R) multiport (MP) SRAMs for register file applications in nanoscale CMOS technology. The cell features a cross-point Write word-line structure to mitigate Write Half-Select disturb and improve the static noise margin (SNM). The Write bit-lines (WBLs) and Write row-access transistors are shared with adjacent bit-cells to reduce the cell transistor count and area. The scheme halves the number of WBL, thus reducing WBL leakage and power consumption. In addition, column-based virtual VSS control is employed for the Read stack to reduce the Read power consumption. Post-sim results show that the proposed scheme reduces both Write/Read current consumption by over 30% compared with the previous MP structure. The proposed scheme is demonstrated and validated by an 8-Kb 2W2R SRAM test chip fabricated in TSMC 40-nm CMOS technology.
Combined reflectance confocal microscopy/optical coherence tomography imaging for skin burn assessment (2013)

A combined high-resolution reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)/optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument for assessing skin burn gravity has been built and tested. This instruments allows for visualizing skin intracellular details with submicron resolution in the RCM mode and morphological and birefringence modifications to depths on the order of 1.2 mm in the OCT mode. Preliminary testing of the dual modality imaging approach has been performed on the skin of volunteers with some burn scars and on normal and thermally-injured Epiderm FTTM skin constructs. The initial results show that these two optical technologies have complementary capabilities that can offer the clinician a set of clinically comprehensive parameters: OCT helps to visualize deeper burn injuries and possibly quantify collagen destruction by measuring skin birefringence, while RCM provides submicron details of the integrity of the epidermal layer and identifies the presence of the superficial blood flow in the upper dermis. Therefore, the combination of these two technologies within the same instrument may provide a more comprehensive set of parameters that may help clinicians to more objectively and nonivasively assess burn injury gravity by determining tissue structural integrity and viability.
Downhole Fluid Analysis and Fluid Comparison Algorithm as an Aid to Reservoir Characterization (2006)

Abstract In recent years, formation sampling and testing tools have provided a variety of new downhole optical measurements for downhole fluid analysis (DFA). DFA involves in-situ measurement of optical absorption spectra used to compute properties such as hydrocarbon composition and gas oil ratio (GOR). Abrupt changes in these fluid properties with depth may be a marker for reservoir compartmentalization. However, hydrocarbon differences can be reliably identified only when the significance of uncertainties due to measurement and oil base mud filtrate has been taken into account. Recently, an algorithm called the fluid comparison algorithm (FCA) has been developed to address this issue. FCA propagates uncertainties in optical measurement and contamination into uncertainties in fluid properties, such as color, composition, and GOR. The output of FCA is the probability that two fluids are statistically different. Real-time application of FCA can optimize capture of downhole fluid samples and generation of a continuous downhole fluid log representing the fluid complexity in the reservoir. In addition, by identifying abrupt changes in fluid properties with depth, FCA may in some circumstances be an assay for reservoir compartmentalization. In this paper, we briefly review the theory of FCA. The strengths and limitations of the technique to improve understanding of reservoir architecture and fluid complexities are presented through two case-studies.