gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Nonvascularized Versus Vascularized Bone Grafting on Calvarial Defect Healing (2015)

It remains unknown whether bone graft vascularity influences calvarial healing. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop a model to study nonvascularized and vascularized calvarial grafts as well as (2) to compare effects of bone graft vascularity on calvarial healing. Bilateral calvarial defects were created in 26 Wistar rats. The defects were left empty within 1 parietal region. On the contralateral side, the defects were partially closed with native parietal bone (control group, n = 6), nonvascularized (N-V, n = 10), or vascularized bone grafts (VAS, n = 10). The vascularized grafts were supplied by perforating dural arterioles. Bone mineralization and healing patterns from serial microcomputed tomographic scans were compared within and across the groups using parametric and nonparametric tests. Differences in bone mineral content across sides were significant between the groups at weeks 6 (P = 0.016) and 12 (P = 0.025). Bone formation was greater within both the control and VAS groups versus the N-V group at weeks 6 and 12 (P < 0.05). Healing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05), progressing through islands of new bone formation within the control and VAS groups while limited to defect margins on the N-V graft side. In conclusion, a bilateral calvarial defect model was established to study bone graft vascularity. Bone quantity and healing patterns differed in the presence of the nonvascularized versus vascularized grafts. Although the calvarial defect model is often applied within the plastic surgery literature to study bone substitutes, greater understanding of basic mechanisms influencing calvarial healing is first needed to avoid confounding results.
Internet of Things: Smart Ubiquitous Architecture of Intelligent Transport System (2018)

By 2020, there will be more than 24 billion smart devices connected in the Internet of Things (IoT). Tremendously augmented motorization, population, and urbanization has not only brought us many amenities but also has increased traffic congestion to its limits. In this paper, we used IOT to design an efficient and congestion free Intelligent Transport System (ITS). A lot of research is done to either improve or change any one aspect of ITS at one time. This paper demonstrates every aspect or features of an efficient ITS. The purpose of this research is to provide developing countries a detailed and easy to follow ITS architecture so that they can create an ITS for their populace.
Mycosis fungoides bullosa (1997)

Abstract A case of a 52‐year‐old man with mycosis fungoides bullosa. plaque‐stage IIA, follicular mucinosis and milia is described. The disease started about 15 years ago and evolved with periods of remission induced by photochemotherapy (PUVA) and, later, by topical nitrogen mustard and etretinate. Vesiculobullous lesions, alopecia and milia sequentially appeared in the course of its evolution. Besides characteristic features of mycosis fungoides, histopathology revealed subepidermal vesicles and follicular mucinosis associated with lymphoid cells (CD3 + ). The pathophysiology of these particular aspects of the mycosis fungoides is discussed.
Systematic Poisoning Attacks on and Defenses for Machine Learning in Healthcare (2014)

Machine learning is being used in a wide range of application domains to discover patterns in large datasets. Increasingly, the results of machine learning drive critical decisions in applications related to healthcare and biomedicine. Such health-related applications are often sensitive, and thus, any security breach would be catastrophic. Naturally, the integrity of the results computed by machine learning is of great importance. Recent research has shown that some machine-learning algorithms can be compromised by augmenting their training datasets with malicious data, leading to a new class of attacks called poisoning attacks. Hindrance of a diagnosis may have life-threatening consequences and could cause distrust. On the other hand, not only may a false diagnosis prompt users to distrust the machine-learning algorithm and even abandon the entire system but also such a false positive classification may cause patient distress. In this paper, we present a systematic, algorithm-independent approach for mounting poisoning attacks across a wide range of machine-learning algorithms and healthcare datasets. The proposed attack procedure generates input data, which, when added to the training set, can either cause the results of machine learning to have targeted errors (e.g., increase the likelihood of classification into a specific class), or simply introduce arbitrary errors (incorrect classification). These attacks may be applied to both fixed and evolving datasets. They can be applied even when only statistics of the training dataset are available or, in some cases, even without access to the training dataset, although at a lower efficacy. We establish the effectiveness of the proposed attacks using a suite of six machine-learning algorithms and five healthcare datasets. Finally, we present countermeasures against the proposed generic attacks that are based on tracking and detecting deviations in various accuracy metrics, and benchmark their effectiveness.
Byzantine quorum systems (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Byzantine quorum systems Authors: Dahlia Malkhi AT&T Labs-Research, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Labs-Research, Murray Hill, NJView Profile , Michael Reiter AT&T Labs-Research, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Labs-Research, Murray Hill, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '97: Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computingMay 1997 Pages 569–578https://doi.org/10.1145/258533.258650Published:04 May 1997Publication History 95citation1,156DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations95Total Downloads1,156Last 12 Months81Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Wideband linear distributed GaN HEMT MMIC power amplifier with a record OIP3/Pdc (2016)

We report on multi-octave (100 MHz - 8 GHz) GaN HEMT nonuniform distributed amplifier (NDPA) with and without linearization in a MMIC architecture for the first time. The NDPAs were fabricated with 0.14-μm field-plate AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology with fT of 58 GHz and breakdown voltage of 90 - 100 V. The NDPAs were built with six sections in a nonuniform distributed amplifier approach. The small signal gain was ~10 dB over the band with saturated CW output power of 33 - 37 dBm at Vdd = 20 V. The PAE was >35% - 30% up to 6 GHz. The linear NDPAs consist of main and gm3 cells, and show a small signal gain of 6 - 9 dB due to input RF signal routing. The Psat was ~35 dBm at Vdd = 20 V. Based on two-tone testing, the linear NDPA shows improved OIP3 of >50 dBm, compared to OIP3 of 42 dBm of the NDPA without linearization. The resulting OIP3/Pdc is 16:1, which is the highest reported amongst GaN-based distributed amplifiers.
Low noise Co-Cr-Nb perpendicular recording media with high squareness (1998)

Co-Cr based perpendicular recording media with high perpendicular squareness, SQ/sub /spl perp//, were developed by sputter-deposition, and their noise properties as well as recording performances were studied. It was found that the medium noise strongly correlated to M/sub s//spl middot//spl delta//sup 3/2/(1-SQ/sub /spl perp//)/sup 1/2/, where M/sub s/ and /spl delta/ are saturation magnetization and the thickness of the medium, respectively. Thus a 50 nm thick Co-Cr-Nb medium with a high SQ/sub /spl perp// of 0.74 exhibited the lowest noise among the investigated films. A high S/N of 38 dB for a track width of 2.7 /spl mu/m with a D/sub 50/ of 155 kFRPI was obtained for the Co-Cr-Nb medium by using a MR head. This medium could be used for a recording density of 5 Gbit/in/sup 2/.
Fast Flow Analysis with Godel Hashes (2014)

Flow analysis, such as control-flow, data-flow, and exception-flow analysis, usually depends on relational operations on flow sets. Unfortunately, set related operations, such as inclusion and equality, are usually very expensive. They can easily take more than 97% of the total analyzing time, even in a very simple analysis. We attack this performance bottleneck by proposing Godel hashes to enable fast and precise flow analysis. Godel hashes is an ultra compact, partial-order-preserving, fast and perfect hashing mechanism, inspired by the proofs of Godel's incompleteness theorems. Compared with array, tree, traditional hash, and bit vector-backed set implementations, we find Godel hashes to be tens or even hundreds of times faster for performance in the critical operations of inclusion and equality. We apply Godel hashes in real-world analysis for object-oriented programs. The instrumented analysis is tens of times faster than the one with original data structures on DaCapo benchmarks.
CHARACTERZATION OF VENEZUELAN HEAVY OIL VACUUM RESIDUA (1989)

ABSTRACT Vacuum residua from Venezuela heavy and medium oils upgraded under the same conditions ware characterized using different analytical techniques: TLC-FID, H NMR, HPLC, SEC-DCP. Parameters or chemical properties such as crude maturity, size distibution of hydrocarbons and metal compounds. asphaltene characteristics, sulphur contents, correlate with the process-ability of these heavy ends.
Nonconcurrent error detection and correction in fault-tolerant linear finite-state machines (2003)

In this paper, we construct fault-tolerant linear finite-state machines (LFSMs) in which error detection and correction can be performed nonconcurrently (e.g., periodically). More specifically, by jointly choosing the state encoding constraints and the redundant dynamics of the fault-tolerant LFSM, we enable an external checker to detect and identify errors due to past faults based on the current, possibly corrupted state of the LFSM. The paper presents systematic constructions of fault-tolerant LFSMs based on a characterization of nonconcurrent error detection/correction in terms of state encoding constraints and redundant dynamics. In particular, we develop a scheme that uses Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) coding and obtains fault-tolerant LFSMs that require 2D additional state variables and have the ability to correct up to D errors in any state variable at any time step in the time interval consisting of the latest N time steps of operation. The construction uses the minimum possible number of additional state variables and requires an error detecting/correcting mechanism with computational complexity that is only linear in N.
Les flux de matières dissoutes et particulaires exportés des Andes par le Rio Béni (Amazonie Bolivienne), en période de crue (1993)

SI) has been sampled near Rurrenabaque, at the 'Angosto del Bala' PHICAB gauging station (Figure 1 and Table I) that controls the whole Andean catchment of the Beni river (67500 km').This watershed presents highly contrasted geomorphic and climatic features, including some semi-arid sedimentary highly erodible basins, and crystalline, hyperhumid, densely vegetated ones.Altitude is ranging from 6400 to 250 meters.Gauging and sampling (Figures 3 & 4 and Table II) was carried out daily from March 15 to 30, 1988.Major elements (Tables III & V) and organic carbon (Table VII) were analysed in dissolved and suspended solids, clay mineralogy (Table IV) and trace elements (Table VI) in the suspended sediments.Concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Sediments (TSS) are highly variable (Figure 4) but linked together (Figure 5) as TDS and TSS probably come from the same basins.Inversely, the chemical composition of TDS as well as TSS is relatively stable during the sampled period.Almost 90 % of organic carbon exported during this flood is particulate.Corresponding budgets are calculated.Particulate material accounts for 99 % of the total load.On an annual basis, this high flow episode (4 % of the year time) may contribute to 30 % of the Beni river mean annual sediment exportation to Amazonia.
Shielding the end windings to reduce bearing currents (2020)

The problem of bearing currents as a parasitic phenomenon in electrical machines is a problematic issue in the modern industry. Although the origins and generation mechanisms of the phenomenon have been actively studied a general solution has not been given. The study presented here offers one countermeasure proposal. Not only the lamination stack area of the electrical machine is responsible for the building up of parasitic capacitances between different parts of the machine, but also the end-windings area has a significant contribution. The current paper introduces several designs of specific electrostatic shields, intended to cover the end-windings. The rate of capacitive coupling reduction was evaluated by FEM-analysis, and the effectiveness of differently designed shields was compared.
Formation of Hyaline Cartilage Tissue by Passaged Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes (2016)

This study suggests that passaged human chondrocytes can be used to bioengineer a continuous layer of articular cartilage-like tissue in vitro scaffold free. Further study is required to evaluate their ability to repair cartilage defects in vivo.
File Management Using Virtual Directory Architecture for Central Managed P2P Information Sharing System (NRBS) (2005)

We propose a P2P file sharing system that enables flexible and intuitive information sharing and management among large group of users. The proposed system (NRBS: Network Resource Browsing System) supports a virtual directory that allows users to organize and manage distributed files based on simple and intuitive user interface. The system has a central management server that controls each user client in the system, which allows centralized security management and strict content control. In this paper, we compare conventional approach for managing P2P file sharing, and then propose a system based on virtual directory. We explain the mechanism for associating links on the virtual directory to actual file data stored in user clients' terminals. We evaluate the system based on usability, manageability, and security. The result shows that using virtual directory improves the usability and manageability while providing strict file security.
Expression of a functional α‐macroglobulin receptor binding domain in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

We have expressed receptor-binding domains of human alpha 2-macroglobulin and rat alpha 1-macroglobulin in Escherichia coli. Expression levels of both recombinants were quite high, but the human one was insoluble, probably forming inclusion bodies. The rat domain, which lacks the human disulfide, was produced in a soluble form and readily purified by two simple chromatographic steps. Purified recombinant rat alpha 1-macroglobulin receptor-binding domain was fully functional in binding to the alpha-macroglobulin receptor on human fibroblasts. This 142 residue domain should serve as an excellent template for analyzing the structural requirements for alpha-macroglobulin receptor ligation and dissecting the varied biological functions resulting from such ligation.
Combined ultra-low input mRNA and whole-genome sequencing of human embryonic stem cells (2015)

To our knowledge, this is the first report where sub-colonies of human embryonic stem cells have been analyzed both at the genomic as well as transcriptome level. The method of this proof of concept study may find useful practical applications for cases where only a limited number of cells are available, e.g. for tissues samples from biopsies, tumor spheres, circulating tumor cells and cells from early embryonic development. The results we present demonstrate that a combined analysis of genomic DNA and messenger RNA from ultra-low input samples is feasible and can readily be applied to other cellular systems with limited material available.
A Stable and Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Learning Automata Theory for MANET (2018)

The mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a self-organizing and self-configuring wireless network, consisting of a set of mobile nodes. The design of efficient routing protocols for MANET has always been an active area of research. In existing routing algorithms, however, the current work does not scale well enough to ensure route stability when the mobility and distribution of nodes vary with time. In addition, each node in MANET has only limited initial energy, so energy conservation and balance must be taken into account. An efficient routing algorithm should not only be stable but also energy saving and balanced, within the dynamic network environment. To address the above problems, we propose a stable and energy-efficient routing algorithm, based on learning automata (LA) theory for MANET. First, we construct a new node stability measurement model and define an effective energy ratio function. On that basis, we give the node a weighted value, which is used as the iteration parameter for LA. Next, we construct an LA theory-based feedback mechanism for the MANET environment to optimize the selection of available routes and to prove the convergence of our algorithm. The experiments show that our proposed LA-based routing algorithm for MANET achieved the best performance in route survival time, energy consumption, energy balance, and acceptable performance in end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio.
Design and instrumentation of a magnetic nerve stimulator (1985)

The stimulation of neuro-muscular tissue by means of time-varying magnetic fields is dealt with. The aspects of electromagnetic theory relevant to the design of such a device are considered with particular reference to coil design and electrical characteristics. The instrumentation of a prototype magnetic stimulator is described and some preliminary results are presented.
Image quality in holography with a pseudorandom diffuser (1981)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Yoshikazu Nakayama and Makoto Kato, "Image quality in holography with a pseudorandom diffuser," Appl. Opt. 20, 2178-2180 (1981) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Patterns of cross-contamination in a multispecies population genomic project: detection, quantification, impact, and solutions (2017)

We report evidence for pervasive within-species contamination in this data set, and show that classical population genomic statistics, such as synonymous diversity, the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous diversity, inbreeding coefficient F<sub>IT</sub>, and Tajima's D, are sensitive to this problem to various extents. Control analyses suggest that our published results are probably robust to the problem of contamination. Recommendations on how to prevent or avoid contamination in large-scale population genomics/molecular ecology are provided based on this analysis.
Suspicious Traffic Detection in SDN with Collaborative Techniques of Snort and Deep Neural Networks (2018)

Software Defined Networks (SDN) with OpenFlow (OF) based protocol tend to transform traditional network architecture to vendor independent architecture with data-plane and control-plane programmability. This programmability provides a rich functionality in central traffic management, switch configuration, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) integration and global view of entire deployed infrastructure. The SDN network comprises single point failure vulnerability mainly at central controller unit, the deployment of standalone legacy IDS sensors cannot guarantee for safeguard against intruders. Therefore, in the first stage of proposed work, a signature-based Snort IDS is implemented for malicious activity detection and traffic monitoring with traffic mirroring in Open vSwitch (OVS), then store in csv log file of Barnyard 2. In second stage, for the purpose of effective attack detection in the test-bed, a flowbased anomaly detection is deployed with Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to improve the signature-based IDS limitation with higher detection rate with low false-positive triggers. To assess the efficacy of our proposed collaborative detection technique, a testbed is developed to simulate malicious and benign traffic. From the simulation results, our collaborative detection mechanism achieved more than 90% true positive rate with less than 5% of false alarms for all TCP, UDP and ICMP attacks in general, demonstrating effective malicious traffic detection method as compared to conventional signature based methodologies.
Switched-capacitor based implantable low-power wireless microstimulating systems (2006)

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new category of implantable wireless microstimulators based on discharging a series of small capacitors to inject quantized lumps of electric charge into the excitable tissue, namely switched-capacitor based micro-stimulators (SCS). In this method, the total amount of charge per stimulation phase can be controlled by changing the initial and final capacitor voltages as well as the number of capacitors being discharged. The rate of discharge, which is the stimulus current, is also a controllable parameter that adds more flexibility to this stimulation approach, while improving the implant safety. The key reason for adopting SCS in implantable low-power devices was to combine the power efficiency of the voltage-controlled stimulators (VCS) with the safety and stimulation parameter controllability of the current-controlled stimulation (CCS) circuits. In addition, the SCS technique substantially simplifies the microstimulator architecture, and depending on the application, can potentially reduce the implant size and power requirements. It also provides an opportunity to apply different stimulus waveforms to the excitable tissue that can be more efficacious in activating the surrounding nerve or muscle fibers compared to the commonly used square-shaped pulses
High performance organic thin-film transistors with photopatterned gate dielectric (2007)

The authors have fabricated high performance pentacene organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) using photopatternable poly(4-vinylphenol) gate dielectric on plastic substrate. The dielectric layer was composed of poly(vinylphenol), 1,2,4,5-tetraacetoxymethylbenzene, and 2,4-bis(trichloro methyl)-6-aryl-1,3,5-triazine. The 1,2,4,5-tetraacetoxymethylbenzene is a cross-linking material which is synthesized by a two-step reaction. The gate dielectric was patterned by spin coating and UV exposure. The OTFT with photopatterned gate dielectric exhibited a field-effect mobility of 1.23cm2∕Vs and a threshold voltage of −6.5V and an on/off current ratio of 107, so that the OTFT can be applied to make a high performance display.
Do low-grade and low-volume prostate cancers bear the hallmarks of malignancy? (2012)

Prostate cancer is generally multifocal and consists of a dominant focus-measured by tumour volume and deemed the index lesion-and one or more separate, secondary tumour foci of smaller volume. Much laboratory and clinical evidence has shown that we need to rethink how we regard low-grade and low-volume prostate lesions. In this Personal View, we discuss why small, low-grade Gleason pattern prostate lesions, which are currently designated as prostate cancer, could be regarded as non-malignant. These lesions either do not meet the criteria of the hallmarks of cancer or robust evidence that they do so is absent, by contrast with large lesions with a high Gleason grade, which seem to cause most metastatic disease.