gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diamond and Hydrogenated Carbons for Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells: Fundamental Studies and Applications. (2009)

The original funding under this project number was awarded for a period 12/1999 until 12/2002 under the project title Diamond and Hydrogenated Carbons for Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells: Fundamental Studies and Applications. The project was extended until 06/2003 at which time a renewal proposal was awarded for a period 06/2003 until 06/2008 under the project title Metal/Diamond Composite Thin-Film Electrodes: New Carbon Supported Catalytic Electrodes. The work under DE-FG02-01ER15120 was initiated about the time the PI moved his research group from the Department of Chemistry at Utah State University to the Department of Chemistry at Michigan State University. This DOE-funded research was focused on (i) understanding structure-function relationships at boron-doped diamond thin-film electrodes, (ii) understanding metal phase formation on diamond thin films and developing electrochemical approaches for producing highly dispersed electrocatalyst particles (e.g., Pt) of small nominal particle size, (iii) studying the electrochemical activity of the electrocatalytic electrodes for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction and (iv) conducting the initial synthesis of high surface area diamond powders and evaluating their electrical and electrochemical properties when mixed with a Teflon binder.
A comparison of image processing algorithms for thermal nondestructive evaluation (2003)

Thermography involves the application of heat to a structure and observation of surface temperature anomalies to reveal subsurface defects. Detection of subsurface defects can be greatly enhanced by the real time capture of a series of thermal images in time and the subsequent analysis of these images using various image processing algorithms. By applying image-processing algorithms, defects not readily observable can be detected and quantitatively characterized. The focus of this work is to investigate several of the numerous data reduction algorithms for thermal nondestructive evaluation by comparing results on a set of test samples. Some new types of data reduction algorithms have been recently developed with advantages such as noise reduction, file size compression, and material property measurements. By comparing various algorithms on factors such as computational speed, simplicity of use, robustness to noise, quantitative information, and optimum defect detection the most efficient algorithm may be chosen based on the user’s needs.
Tractable Transmission Topology Control Using Sensitivity Analysis (2012)

The standard economic generation dispatch (ED) minimizes generation costs subject to transmission constraints, where the status of each line, i.e., open or closed, is fixed. Recent research shows that, by optimally dispatching the network topology along with generation resources, significant congestion costs may be avoided. Optimal topology control, i.e., appropriate changes of transmission-line status, for real-sized power networks requires the solution of a computationally intractable mixed-integer linear program; however, it appears that much of the cost savings may be attained by changing the status of just a few lines. This paper proposes tractable transmission topology control policies, which employ sensitivity information readily available from the ED to select candidate lines to change status while maintaining system connectivity. Implementation on the IEEE 118-bus test system found that our best performing policy captured an average of 96% of the potential cost savings. Moreover, the limited computational effort required suggests that these policies could be employed in real-system operations.
Passive infrared ice detection for helicopter applications (1990)

A technique is proposed to remotely detect rotor icing on helicopters by using passive IR thermometry to detect the warming caused by latent heat release as supercooled water freezes. During icing, the ice accretion region will be warmer than the uniced trailing edge, resulting in a characteristic chordwise temperature profile. Preliminary tests were conducted on a static model in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel for a variety of wet (glaze) and dry (rime) ice conditions. The chordwise temperature profiles were confirmed by observation with an IR thermal video system and thermocouple observations. The IR observations were consistent with predictions of the LEWICE ice accretion code, which was used to extrapolate the observations to rotor icing conditions. Based on the static observations, the passive IR ice detection technique appears promising; however, further testing or rotating blades is required.
Ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar with orbital angular momentum control (2021)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective, widely used tool for detection and mapping of buried targets. However, traditional ground penetrating radar systems struggle to resolve and identify congested target configurations and irregularly shaped targets. This is a significant limitation for many municipalities who seek to use GPR to locate and image underground utility pipes. This research investigates the implementation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) control in an UWB GPR, with the goal of addressing these limitations. Control of OAM is a novel technique which leverages an additional degree of freedom offered by spatially structured helical waveforms. This paper examines several free-space and buried target configurations to determine the ability of helical OAM waveforms to improve detectability and distinguishability of buried objects including those with symmetric, asymmetric, and chiral geometries. Microwave OAM can be generated using a uniform circular array (UCA) of antennas with phase delays applied according to azimuth angle. Here, a four-channel network analyzer transceiver is connected to a UCA to enable UWB capability. The characteristic phase delays of OAM waveforms are implemented synthetically via signal processing. The viability demonstrated with the method opens design and analysis degrees of freedom for penetrating radar that may help with discerning challenging targets, such as buried landmines and wires.
Geometric enumerated chrominance watermark embed for spot colors (2013)

Most packaging is printed using spot colors to reduce cost, produce consistent colors, and achieve a wide color gamut on the package. Most watermarking techniques are designed to embed a watermark in cyan, magenta, yellow, and black for printed images or red, green, and blue for displayed digital images. Our method addresses the problem of watermarking spot color images. An image containing two or more spot colors is embedded with a watermark in two of the colors with the maximum signal strength within a user-selectable visibility constraint. The user can embed the maximum watermark signal while meeting the required visibility constraint. The method has been applied to the case of two spot colors and images have been produced that are more than twice as robust to Gaussian noise as a single color image embedded with a luminance-only watermark with the same visibility constraint.
Catalytic Deoxygenation of Guaiacol Using Methane (2015)

Guaiacol, produced by thermal degradation of lignin, represents a model compound for upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oils by deoxygenation. In our prior work, with Pt/C catalyst, such a process using H2 was studied. To overcome the high cost of H2, methane is used in this work to deoxygenate guaiacol. On Pt/C catalyst, in terms of guaiacol conversion and product distribution, methane is found to exhibit as good deoxygenation performance as H2. The lifetime of this catalyst, however, is short (<3 h). The lifetime of Pt–Bi/C catalyst is extended (no significant deactivation in 5 h), by addition of bismuth as a promoter. This work provides a new approach for bio-oil upgrading using methane as a reductant instead of hydrogen.
Receptor Occupancy and Channel-opening Kinetics (2007)

AMPA glutamate ion channels are tetrameric receptors in which activation to form the open channel depends on the binding of possibly multiple glutamate molecules. However, it is unclear whether AMPA receptors bound with a different number of glutamate molecules (i.e. one being the minimal and four being the maximal number of glutamate molecules) open the channels with different kinetic constants. Using a laser pulse photolysis technique that provides microsecond time resolution, we investigated the channel-opening kinetic mechanism of a nondesensitizing AMPA receptor, i.e. GluR1Q(flip) L497Y or a leucine-to-tyrosine substitution mutant, in the entire range of glutamate concentrations to ensure receptor saturation. We found that the minimal number of glutamate molecules required to bind to the receptor and to open the channel is two (or n = 2), and that the entire channel-opening kinetics can be adequately described by just one channel-opening rate constant, k(op), which correlates to n = 2. This result suggests that higher receptor occupancy (n = 3 and 4) does not give rise to different k(op) values or, at least, not appreciably if the k(op) values are different. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type receptor (Li, G., and Niu, L. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 3990-3997), the channel-opening and channel-closing rate constants of the mutant are 1.5- and 13-fold smaller, respectively. Thus, the major effect of this mutation is to decrease the channel-closing rate constant by stabilizing the open channel conformation.
Camera Calibration and 3D Scene Reconstruction from image sequence and rotation sensor data (2003)

We address the problem of using external rotation information together with uncalibrated video sequences for improved calibration and 3Dreconstruction. It is shown that with a combination of a linear and a statistical approach a full calibration of the cameras can be computed from the fundamental matrices and the rotation data alone. The statistical calibration exploits some common constraints of cameras. It is analyzed which constraints are needed for the calibration of a freely moving camera. Furthermore we show that this calibration technique improves metric 3D scene reconstruction and avoids projective skew.
Stretchable Optical Fibers: Threads for Strain‐Sensitive Textiles (2017)

Soft, stretchable, sewable, and strain‐sensitive optical fibers are reported. Intrinsically stretchable optical waveguides capable of >100% strain are formed by coating a commercially available elastic urethane fiber (“Stretch Magic”) with a silicone cladding having a lower refractive index. These 1–2 mm diameter fibers can be attached to textiles using a sewing machine. Because the attaching threads create microbends in the fiber, the sewn fibers are prestrained for monotonic intensity‐versus‐strain behavior. Installed in a stretchable piece of athletic tape, they detect strains originating from changing muscle shapes during weight‐bearing activity.
Hybrid optoelectronic system for wideband complex-valued Fourier transform measurements (1981)

A hybrid optoelectronic system for Fourier transform measurements of temporal signals is described. The magnitude and phase of the signal transform are system outputs. High resolution spectral analysis operation is accomplished by proper spatially dependent phase corrections equivalent to aperture synthesis. Configurations for 1-D and 2-D input data formats are discussed. The system can process signals with continuous spectral content as well as narrow spectral lines.
Extended Virtual Screening Strategies To Link Antiandrogenic Activities and Detected Organic Contaminants in Soils (2017)

A tiered screening strategy based on extensive virtual fractionation and elucidation was developed to simplify identification of toxicants in complex environments. In tier1-virtual fractionation, multivariate analysis (MVA) was set up as an alternative of physical fractionation. In tier2-virtual structure elucidation, in-house quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models and toxicity simulation methods were developed to simplify nontarget identification. The efficiency of the tiered virtual strategy was tentatively verified by soil samples from a chemical park contaminated by antiandrogenic substances. Eight out of 18 sites were detected as antiandrogenic, while none of them exhibited androgenic agonist potencies. Sixty-seven peaks were selected for further identification by MVA, among which over 90% were verified in androgenic fractions in traditional effect-directed analysis (EDA). With 579 tentative structures generated by in silico fragmentation, 74% were elucidated by QSRR and 65% were elucidated by in silico toxicity prediction. All prior peaks were identified at different confidence levels with over 40% of the identified peaks above confidence level 2b, which has been increased over 40% with less than half of the time spent compared to traditional EDA. Such a combination of tiered virtual screening methods provides more efficient and rapid identifications of key toxicants at contaminated sites.
Analytical Simulation of Electrooptical Performance of Multidomain Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (1995)

The electrooptical characteristics of multidomain twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (TN-LCDs), such as optical properties, contrast ratio contours, and gray-scale performance, have been investigated by a computer simulation, where the number of domains of each pixel is chosen as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 120 with the aim of determining the optimum number of domains. It is shown that the TN-LCD with quartered pixels exhibits the best results in terms of the viewing angle and gray-scale performance, and furthermore, that more than eight domains gives the same result as for the amorphous TN-LCD that has several thousand domains in each pixel.
Histamine H<sub>4</sub> receptor antagonists as potent modulators of mammalian vestibular primary neuron excitability (2012)

H(4) receptor antagonists have a pronounced inhibitory effect on vestibular neuron activity. This result highlights the potential role of H(4) receptors as pharmacological targets for the treatment of vestibular disorders.
Saliency Driven Perceptual Image Compression (2021)

This paper proposes a new end-to-end trainable model for lossy image compression, which includes several novel components. The method incorporates 1) an adequate perceptual similarity metric; 2) saliency in the images; 3) a hierarchical auto-regressive model. This paper demonstrates that the popularly used evaluations metrics such as MS-SSIM and PSNR are inadequate for judging the performance of image compression techniques as they do not align with the human perception of similarity. Alternatively, a new metric is proposed, which is learned on perceptual similarity data specific to image compression. The proposed compression model incorporates the salient regions and optimizes on the proposed perceptual similarity metric. The model not only generates images which are visually better but also gives superior performance for subsequent computer vision tasks such as object detection and segmentation when compared to existing engineered or learned compression techniques.
A first experimental verification of micromachined capacitive Lamb wave transducers (2002)

Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (cMUTs) are generally used to transmit and receive ultrasound in both air and water. These devices can be made on silicon and manufactured using standard CMOS processing techniques. When cMUTs are used in this way, significant effort is made to minimize energy loss into the substrate. If this loss is instead exploited so that the devices are optimized to couple energy into the silicon bulk, Lamb waves and Rayleigh waves are generated with high efficiency. These waves can then be detected using a similar device structure. With this method it is possible to fabricate Lamb wave devices on silicon using conventional integrated circuit processing techniques. This paper discusses the manufacturing and characterization of the first of these devices: a 1 MHz Lamb wave transducer that is fundamentally based on cMUT technology. The characterization of this device demonstrates that the energy coupled into the substrate results in a Lamb Wave where the lowest order anti-symmetric mode (A/sub 0/) is dominant. The insertion loss of this device in air is 43.06 dB.
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination-inhibition for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broiler, fair and exhibition, and experimentally infected birds. (1996)

Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay and a new affinity-purified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) compared for use as confirmatory tests for the National Poultry Improvement Plan program. Samples from three different poultry populations with different prevalences of MG infection were studied: commercial broiler breeder birds (low prevalence of infection), fair and exhibition birds (moderate prevalence of infection), and experimentally infected birds (high prevalence of infection). Western immunoblots were used to confirm infection status in samples that had discrepancies between HI and ELISA results. The prevalence of infection in commercial broiler birds and in exhibition and fair birds in Florida was determined. Samples from culture-positive Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) flocks also were tested and compared for potential cross-reactions. The prevalence of MG infection was very low (< 1%) in the commercial population, with no significant difference between the HI and ELISA test results (P = 0.3157). The prevalence of MG infection in the fair and exhibition birds tested was approximately 40%, and ELISA was more accurate than HI for confirmation of MG infection in this population (P = 0.036). In birds experimentally infected with MG, there was no significant difference between HI and ELISA results (P = 0.6542). Of the 195 sera collected from flocks confirmed positive for MS by culture, 15% cross-reacted with the MG serum plate agglutination (SPA) test. There were no cross-reactions observed with either the MG ELISA or HI. There was a positive correlation of HI titers to ELISA values (R = 0.621, P < 0.01). Results from this study showed there were no differences between ELISA and HI as confirmatory tests in populations with a low prevalence of MG infection. However, ELISA was superior to HI in a population with moderate levels of MG infection.
Discovery and Validation of Novel Peptide Agonists for G-protein-coupled Receptors (2008)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent an important group of targets for pharmaceutical therapeutics. The completion of the human genome revealed a large number of putative GPCRs. However, the identification of their natural ligands, and especially peptides, suffers from low discovery rates, thus impeding development of therapeutics based on these potential drug targets. We describe the discovery of novel GPCR ligands encrypted in the human proteome. Hundreds of potential peptide ligands were predicted by machine learning algorithms. In vitro screening of selected 33 peptides on a set of 152 GPCRs, including a group of designated orphan receptors, was conducted by intracellular calcium measurements and cAMP assays. The screening revealed eight novel peptides as potential agonists that specifically activated six different receptors in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the peptides showed distinct stimulatory patterns targeted at designated and orphan GPCRs. Further analysis demonstrated a significant in vivo effect for one of the peptides in a mouse inflammation model.
Improving glucocorticoid replacement therapy using a novel modified-release hydrocortisone tablet: a pharmacokinetic study (2009)

The dual release hydrocortisone tablet with once-daily administration produced a diurnal plasma cortisol profile mimicking the physiological serum cortisol profile.
The Urabe AM9 Mumps Vaccine Is a Mixture of Viruses Differing at Amino Acid 335 of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene with One Form Associated with Disease (1996)

The reason for the high incidence of vaccine-associated meningitis due to the Urabe AM9 vaccine was assessed by comparing the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from vaccine virus to those of viruses isolated from persons with postvaccination meningitis. A G1081--> A nt substitution that was predicted to result in a Glu335--> Lys reversion in the HN protein was detected between Urabe AM9 (G) and postvaccine meningitis mumps virus isolates (A). Further analysis showed that the Urabe AM9 vaccine was a mixture of viruses with wild type (A) and variant (G) nt at position 1081. Urabe AM9 vaccinees who developed meningitis or parotitis possessed predominantly A (98%-100%) at nt 1081, indicating strong selection of the wild type (A) form relative to the variant (G) form. Mumps virus homogeneous for the variant Glu335 form of the HN gene may be safer than the original Urabe AM9 vaccine.
Bispecific Antibodies Enable Synthetic Agonistic Receptor-Transduced T Cells for Tumor Immunotherapy (2019)

We describe a novel ACT platform with antitumor activity in murine and human tumor models with a distinct mode of action that combines adoptive T-cell therapy with bispecific antibodies.
Cross-Linked Polymer-Stabilized Nanocomposites for the Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms (2016)

Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are an emerging threat to human health. Conventional antibiotic therapies are ineffective against biofilms due to poor penetration of the extracellular polymeric substance secreted by colonized bacteria coupled with the rapidly growing number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Essential oils are promising natural antimicrobial agents; however, poor solubility in biological conditions limits their applications against bacteria in both dispersed (planktonic) and biofilm settings. We report here an oil-in-water cross-linked polymeric nanocomposite (∼250 nm) incorporating carvacrol oil that penetrates and eradicates multidrug-resistant (MDR) biofilms. The therapeutic potential of these materials against challenging wound biofilm infections was demonstrated through specific killing of bacteria in a mammalian cell-biofilm coculture wound model.
Monitoring of multiple loads in wireless power transfer systems without direct output feedback (2014)

In this paper, a computational method that uses only the input voltage and current to identify the impedances of multiple loads in wireless power transfer systems without any direct load measurements is proposed. The method has been practically realized in a wireless power domino-resonator system comprising 8 resonators. A good degree of accuracy has been achieved in the practical verification. Although the method is demonstrated in a relatively complex system, the principle applies to any wireless power transfer system with 3 or more coil-resonators. Without the requirements for direct load measurements, control circuitry of a wireless power transfer system with multiple loads can avoid the needs for using wireless communication system for feedback purposes.
High power mid-infrared (λ∼5 μm) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature (1996)

The high power operation of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers at temperatures up to T=320 K is reported. Gain at high temperature is optimized by a design combining low doping, a funnel injector, and a three-well vertical transition active region. A molecular beam epitaxy grown InP top cladding layer is also used to optimize heat dissipation. A peak pulsed optical power of 200 mW and an average power of 6 mW are obtained at 300 K and at a wavelength λ=5.2 μm. The devices also operate in continuous wave up to 140 K.