gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic tissue assessment using fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy (2007)

The ability of multi-modal optical spectroscopy to detect signals from pancreatic tissue was demonstrated by studying human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice and freshly excised human pancreatic tumor tissue. Measured optical spectra and fluorescence decays were correlated with tissue morphological and biochemical properties. The measured spectral features and decay times correlated well with expected pathological differences in normal, pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma tissue states. The observed differences between the fluorescence and reflectance properties of normal, pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma tissue indicate a possible application of multi-modal optical spectroscopy to differentiating between the three tissue classifications.
A nucleolar localizing Rev binding element inhibits HIV replication (2006)

The Rev protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facilitates the nuclear export of intron containing viral mRNAs allowing formation of infectious virions. Rev traffics through the nucleolus and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Rev multimerization and interaction with the export protein CRM1 takes place in the nucleolus. To test the importance of Rev nucleolar trafficking in the HIV-1 replication cycle, we created a nucleolar localizing Rev Response Element (RRE) decoy and tested this for its anti-HIV activity. The RRE decoy provided marked inhibition of HIV-1 replication in both the CEM T-cell line and in primary CD34+ derived monocytes. These results demonstrate that titration of Rev in the nucleolus impairs HIV-1 replication and supports a functional role for Rev trafficking in this sub-cellular compartment.
Developing Collaborative Profiles of Attackers: A Longitudinal Study (2007)

Abstract : We implemented a new content anomaly detector, Anagram, which models a mixture of high-order n-grams (n > 1) designed to detect anomalous and suspicious network packet payloads. For both Anagram and previously developed anomaly detector, Payl, we explored possible ways in which payload-based correlation can be applied, so that the alerts generated by both sensors can be included in our security infrastructure, called Worminator. Worminator is designed to exchange information securely, privately and in real-time between sites in order to reveal an accurate view of external threats, especially stealthy ones. To address the need for efficient alert correlation, we introduced the notion of network scheduling: the controllable formation and dissolution of relationships between nodes and groups of nodes in a network. Our network scheduling mechanism is a procedure for coordinating the exchange of information between the members of a correlation group. The mechanism is controlled by a dynamic and parameterizable correlation schedule. We performed a longitudinal study which is designed to demonstrate the proposed Worminator hypothesis, that collaborative intrusion detection not only enables detection of worm spread but also scanning behavior as precursors to an attack. There are three key longitudes for analysis: over time, over geographical and network space and by target.
Dual‐color mixing for fused deposition modeling printers (2014)

Abstract In this work we detail a method that leverages the two color heads of recent low‐end fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers to produce continuous tone imagery. The challenge behind producing such two‐tone imagery is how to finely interleave the two colors while minimizing the switching between print heads, making each color printed span as long and continuous as possible to avoid artifacts associated with printing short segments. The key insight behind our work is that by applying small geometric offsets, tone can be varied without the need to switch color print heads within a single layer. We can now effectively print (two‐tone) texture mapped models capturing both geometric and color information in our output 3D prints.
A convenient system for diffraction moire measurements (1989)

This device utilizes single mode polarization maintaining optical fibers to generate the pair of laser beams required by diffraction moire interferometry. Design of the device permits extremely rapid and convenient setup for measurement of in-plane displacement distributions on the surfaces of specimens. The device, applications, and typical data are described.
On robust Capon beamforming and diagonal loading (2003)

Whenever the knowledge of the array steering vector is imprecise (as is often the case in practice), the performance of the Capon beamformer may become worse than that of the standard beamformer. Diagonal loading (including its extended versions) has been a popular approach to improve the robustness of the Capon beamformer. In this paper we show that a natural extension of the Capon beamformer to the case of uncertain steering vectors also belongs to the class of diagonal loading approaches but the amount of diagonal loading can be precisely calculated based on the uncertainty set of the steering vector. The proposed robust Capon beamformer can be efficiently computed at a comparable cost with that of the standard Capon beamformer. Its excellent performance is demonstrated via a number of numerical examples.
Endocavitary thermal therapy by MRI‐guided phased‐array contact ultrasound: Experimental and numerical studies on the multi‐input single‐output PID temperature controller's convergence and stability (2009)

The study demonstrated the potential advantages of PID-based automatic temperature control adapted to phased-array MR-guided HICU therapy. Further studies will address the integration of this ultrasound device with a miniature RF coil for high resolution MRI and, subsequently, the experimental behavior of the controller in vivo.
Current perpendicular to the plane spin valves utilizing ultrastrong Ir-coupled antiparallel pinned layers for thick reference layer stabilization and high magnetoresistance (2005)

The magnetoresistance of current perpendicular to the plane spin-valve sensors with antiparallel coupled pinned layers utilizing Ir as an AP coupling layer was measured as a function of reference layer thickness. Ir-coupled antiparallel pinned structures exhibit extremely high coupling energies in excess of 3ergs∕cm2, allowing for an increase of the thicknesses of both the pinned layer and reference layer to more than 100 Å while maintaining both high saturation fields and a moment-balanced antiparallel pinned structure desirable for stable read sensors. The spin valves were patterned into pillars with diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm by using a combination of electron beam lithography and ion milling. The magnetoresistance increases from 2.2% to 4.0% by increasing the reference layer thickness from 30 to 110 Å, which is in agreement with the Valet-Fert model in the long spin-diffusion length limit.
Extraction of commercially valuable mineral salt from reverse osmosis brine using a spray dry process (2022)

As the need for drinkable water increases, thermal and membrane desalination of seawater have emerged as the two most effective solutions. Both thermal and membrane desalination systems, however, release large quantities of concentrated brine back into the sea. The continuous discharge of enormous amount of brine into the sea will disrupt the aquatic ecosystem and increase the seawater salinity level. In this study, spray dry technology is utilized for isolation of minerals from reverse osmosis brine and there by achieving zero liquid discharge concept. The procedure involves spraying feed into a chamber, followed by the introduction of heated air. The flow rates of the spray dryer and hot air can be adjusted. Consequently, the amount and concentration of feed residue in the chamber can be altered. The residue from the first vaporization chamber was cooled to a specified temperature and centrifuged to separate the minerals in crystal form. The centrifuge reject was fed to a second vaporization chamber for further concentration and separation of pure mineral salts. This cycle was repeated between two and six times to isolate all significant minerals from the brine. The vaporized water from all chambers was condensed to generate pure water as a by-product.
A highly efficient receiver for satellite‐based automatic identification system signal detection (2014)

Summary An innovative receiver architecture for the satellite‐based automatic identification system has been recently proposed. In this paper, we describe a few modifications that can be introduced on the algorithms for synchronization and detection, which provide an impressive performance improvement. The receiver architecture has been designed for an on‐board implementation, and a prototype has been implemented by the University of Parma and CGS S.p.A. Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio under the European Space Agency project FENICE (Flexible innovative AIS receiver prototype). A few modifications are also here described that could allow a further performance improvement in case of processing moved to ground‐based stations, based on a priori information there available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
085 Calreticulin Enhances Wound Healing Via Multiple Biological Effects (2008)

We previously showed that Calreticulin (CRT), a chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum, has profound effects on the process of wound healing by increasing both epithelial migration and granulation tissue formation in models of impaired porcine and murine repair. In the present study, using the scratch plate assay as an in vitro model of wound repair, we show that CRT (10−6–10−9 M) induces cell migration/wound closure in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts that is equivalent to EGF (positive control). Furthermore, by an MTS proliferation assay, CRT stimulated cellular proliferation of human keratinocytes (2-fold), fibroblasts (100-fold), and vascular endothelial cells (1.2-fold). Markedly increased cellular proliferation was confirmed by anti-ki67 immunostaining (IHC) which was confined to basal keratinocytes in the CRT-(5 mg/ml) treated porcine and murine wounds during reepithelialization and in numerous cells of the granulation tissue. Also, CRT increased dermal depth and granulation tissue formation between days 6–14 following injury (p < 0.05). The effect of CRT on the dermal layer was qualitatively different than PDGF or PBS as there was a remarkably higher number of dermal cells that reconstituted the CRT-treated pig wounds, a more organized pattern of collagen organization by picrosirrius red staining, and greater fibronectin and TGF-β3 by IHC. CRT also increased tensile strength in a rat incisional wound model (p < 0.005 @ 21 days). By Mac-138 IHC of porcine wounds, we observed an increase in macrophages in the wound bed compared to PDGF (p < 0.013). Since the uptake of apoptotic cells by phagocytes is a CRT-dependent process, this finding suggests a potential role for CRT as a bacteriocidal and/or debriding agent. Unlike PDGF, CRT positively affects both the epithelial and dermal aspects of repair. Our studies suggest that CRT accelerates and improves the rate and quality of wound repair by affecting many cells involved in the repair process.
Sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> in Mixtures of Bauxite Residue and Saline Wastewater (2007)

Experiments were conducted to explore the concept of beneficially utilizing mixtures of caustic bauxite residue slurry (pH 13) and produced oil-field brine to sequester carbon dioxide from flue gas generated from industrial point sources. Data presented herein provide a preliminary assessment of the overall feasibility of this treatment concept. The Carbonation capacity of bauxite residue/brine mixtures was considered over the full range of reactant mixture combinations in 10% increments by volume. A bauxite residue/brine mixture of 90/10 by volume exhibited a CO2 sequestration capacity of greater than 9.5 g/L when exposed to pure CO2 at 20 °C and 0.689 MPa (100 psig). Dawsonite and calcite formation were predicted to be the dominant products of bauxite/brine mixture carbonation. It is demonstrated that CO2 sequestration is augmented by adding bauxite residue as a caustic agent to acidic brine solutions and that trapping is accomplished through both mineralization and solubilization. The product mixture solution was, in nearly all mixtures, neutralized following carbonation. However, in samples (bauxite residue/brine mixture of 90/10 by volume) containing bauxite residue solids, the pH was observed to gradually increase to as high as 9.7 after aging for 33 days, suggesting that the CO2 sequestration capacity of the samples increases with aging. Our geochemical models generally predicted the experimental results of carbon sequestration capacities and solution pH.
Structured LDPC Codes from Permutation Matrices Free of Small Trapping\n Sets (2010)

This paper introduces a class of structured lowdensity parity-check (LDPC)\ncodes whose parity check matrices are arrays of permutation matrices. The\npermutation matrices are obtained from Latin squares and form a finite field\nunder some matrix operations. They are chosen so that the Tanner graphs do not\ncontain subgraphs harmful to iterative decoding algorithms. The construction of\ncolumn-weight-three codes is presented. Although the codes are optimized for\nthe Gallager A/B algorithm over the binary symmetric channel (BSC), their error\nperformance is very good on the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC)\nas well.\n
Continuous in-situ monitoring of nitrate concentration in soils – a key for groundwater protection from nitrate pollution (2019)

Abstract. Lack of real-time information on nutrient availability in cultivated soils inherently leads to excess application of fertilizers in agriculture. As a result, nitrate, which is a soluble, stable and mobile component of fertilizers, leaches below the root zone through the unsaturated zone and eventually pollutes the groundwater and other related water resources. Rising nitrate concentration in aquifers is recognized as a worldwide environmental problem that contributes to water scarcity. Accordingly, developing technologies for continuous in-situ measurement of nitrate concentration in the soils are essential for optimizing fertilizer application and preventing water resource pollution by nitrate. Here we present a conceptual approach for a monitoring system that enables in-situ and continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in soil. The monitoring system is based on absorbance spectroscopy techniques for direct determination of nitrate concentration in soil porewater without pretreatment, such as filtration, dilution, or reagent supplementation. A new analytical procedure was developed to improve measurement accuracy while eliminating the typical measurement interference caused by soil dissolved organic carbon. The analytical procedure was tested at four field sites over 2 years and proved to be an effective tool for nitrate analysis in untreated soil. A soil nitrate-monitoring apparatus, combining specially designed optical flow cells with soil porewater-sampling units, enabled for the first time, real-time continuous measurement of nitrate concentration in the soil. The system provided outstanding and explicit data revealing the complexities of the temporal variations in soil nitrate concentrations in response to irrigation cycles and fertilizer-application pattern. Such real-time measurements of soil nitrate levels are crucial for optimizing fertilizer application to increase agricultural yield while reducing the potential threat of groundwater contamination by down-leaching of nitrate from the soil.
Dejavu (2013)

We present Dejavu, a system that uses standard cell-phone sensors to provide accurate and energy-efficient outdoor localization suitable for car navigation. Our analysis shows that different road landmarks have a unique signature on cell-phone sensors; For example, going inside tunnels, moving over bumps, going up a bridge, and even potholes all affect the inertial sensors on the phone in a unique pattern. Dejavu employs a dead-reckoning localization approach and leverages these road landmarks, among other automatically discovered abundant virtual landmarks, to reset the accumulated error and achieve accurate localization. To maintain a low energy profile, Dejavu uses only energy-efficient sensors or sensors that are already running for other purposes.
SU‐FF‐T‐390: In‐Vivo Prostate Brachytherapy Absorbed Dose Measurements (2009)

Purpose: In‐vivo prostate brachytherapy absorbed dosimetry detector using scintillating fibers. Method and Materials: Five pairs of 85.5 ± 0.05 cm long blue shifted scintillating fibers (model BCF‐10) with 1 mm 2 cross sectional area were placed in a mixture of gelatin (368.6 ± 0.5 grams) and water (3.78 ± 0.025 liters) to measured the absorbed dose delivered by a 12 Ci 192 Ir HDR source. The fibers were held by a 7 × 7 cm 2 template grid and optically connected to a 16‐channel multianode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu, model H6568). Each pair consisted of one fiber 4 mm shorter than the other one to extract the dose by the subtraction method. A dose atlas was used for radiation delivered to the phantom. The plans followed delivered 5 and 7 Gy to a point located 2.0 centimeters away from the central dwelling positions. A total of 32 data points were acquired in a plan to assess the linearity and reproducibility of the measurements. Results: Reproducibility of the data was found to be within 5% and the overall accuracy of the system estimated to be ±5.5%. The linearity of the data for all 7 measured dose values (ranging from 0.6 to 7 Gy), gives a slope of 312 counts/Gy with a 1.4% relative deviation. Conclusion: This work indicates the possibility of measuring in real‐time the dose effectively delivered to a biological system during prostate brachytherapy treatments. The availability of commercially thin (150 μm) scintillating fibers opens the capability of using such system during clinical treatments (by embedding the fibers within the catheters) with the advantage of performing real‐time adjustment of the dose delivery.
Nonvolatile GaAs Random-Access Memory (1994)

Proposed random-access integrated-circuit electronic memory offers nonvolatile magnetic storage. Bits stored magnetically and read out with Hall-effect sensors. Advantages include short reading and writing times and high degree of immunity to both single-event upsets and permanent damage by ionizing radiation. Use of same basic material for both transistors and sensors simplifies fabrication process, with consequent benefits in increased yield and reduced cost.
Knee orthosis with variable stiffness and damping that simulates hemiparetic gait (2016)

Individuals with unilateral stroke have neuromuscular weakness or paralysis on one side of the body caused by some muscles disengaging and others overexciting. Hyperextension of the knee joint and complete lack of plantar flexion of the ankle joint are common symptoms of stroke. This paper focuses on the creation and implementation of a small, lightweight, and adjustable orthotic device to be positioned around the knee of an able-bodied person to simulate hemiparetic gait. Force and range of motion data from able-bodied subjects fitted with the orthosis, inducing hemiparetic gait, was collected using the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment (CAREN) system. The four parameters that the design focused on are damping, catch, hysteresis, and stiffness. The main goal of the project was to discern whether this device could be utilized as a viable research instrument to simulate hemiparetic gait. It was hypothesized that the device has the potential to be utilized in the future as a rehabilitation device for people with stroke since it has been designed to induce larger knee flexion as an after effect. A comparison between how the dominant leg was affected by the orthosis and how the non-dominant leg was affected was investigated as well. The results show that the device affected the velocities, knee angles, and force profiles of the subject's gait.
Objective perceptual video quality measurement method based on hybrid no reference framework (2009)

In this paper, the authors propose a novel method to measure the perceived picture quality of H.264 coded video based on hybrid no reference framework. The latter term means that the proposed model uses only receiver-side information for objective video quality assessment, but analyzes both the compressed bitstream and baseband signals of the decoded picture to improve the estimation accuracy of the subjective quality. The proposed method extracts quantizer-scale information from the bit-stream along with two spatiotemporal image features from the baseband signal, which are integrated to express the overall quality using the weighted Minkowski metric. A computer simulation shows the proposed method can estimate the subjective quality at a correlation coefficient of 0.909 whereas the PSNR metric, which is referred to as a benchmark, correlates the subjective quality at a correlation coefficient of 0.773.
Multimode configuration doped with a chiral agent for transflective liquid crystal display with a single cell gap (2004)

Abstract We demonstrate a transflective liquid crystal display (LCD), doped with a chiral agent to produce a low helical twisting power, in a multimode configuration consisting of the homogeneous alignment and the hybrid alignment. The multimode transflective LCD with a single cell gap was fabricated using a single‐step photoalignment technique with a self‐masking process of an array of metal reflectors in the reflective region. In our configuration, the electro‐optical disparity between the transmissive region and the reflective region was found to be significantly reduced by the low helical twisting power of the chiral dopant.
Use of a Pro-Fibrogenic Mechanism-Based Predictive Toxicological Approach for Tiered Testing and Decision Analysis of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials (2015)

Engineered carbonaceous nanomaterials (ECNs), including single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO), are potentially hazardous to the lung. With incremental experience in the use of predictive toxicological approaches, seeking to relate ECN physicochemical properties to adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), it is logical to explore the existence of a common AOP that allows comparative analysis of broad ECN categories. We established an ECN library comprising three different types of SWCNTs, graphene, and graphene oxide (two sizes) for comparative analysis according to a cell-based AOP that also plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. SWCNTs synthesized by Hipco, arc discharge and Co-Mo catalyst (CoMoCAT) methods were obtained in their as-prepared (AP) state, following which they were further purified (PD) or coated with Pluronic F108 (PF108) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) to improve dispersal and colloidal stability. GO was prepared as two sizes, GO-small (S) and GO-large (L), while the graphene samples were coated with BSA and PF108 to enable dispersion in aqueous solution. In vitro screening showed that AP- and PD-SWCNTs, irrespective of the method of synthesis, as well as graphene (BSA) and GO (S and L) could trigger interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production in myeloid (THP-1) and epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines, respectively. Oropharyngeal aspiration in mice confirmed that AP-Hipco tubes, graphene (BSA-dispersed), GO-S and GO-L could induce IL-1β and TGF-β1 production in the lung in parallel with lung fibrosis. Notably, GO-L was the most pro-fibrogenic material based on rapid kinetics of pulmonary injury. In contrast, PF108-dispersed SWCNTs and -graphene failed to exert fibrogenic effects. Collectively, these data indicate that the dispersal state and surface reactivity of ECNs play key roles in triggering a pro-fibrogenic AOP, which could prove helpful for hazard ranking and a proposed tiered testing approach for large ECN categories.