gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of distributed multi-edge type LDPC codes for multiple access relay channels (2011)

This paper studies the problem of determining the optimum degree distribution for distributed LDPC codes in multiple-access relay channels. Based on the framework of multi-edge type LDPC codes, we propose a methodology to asymptotically optimize the code's ensemble when different segments within the distributed codeword are transmitted through different channels and experience different SNRs. An average noise threshold is formulated in order to compute the convergence threshold of the distributed LDPC codes under density evolution and also to act as the performance gap between the optimized distributed codes and the theoretical limit. We demonstrate that our distributed LDPC code performs asymptotically to within a fraction of a dB from the theoretical limit.
Sublethal injury makes Gram-negative and resistant Gram-positive bacteria sensitive to the bacteriocins, pediocin AcH and nisin (1992)

Gram‐negative and some Gram‐positive bacteria that are resistant to bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were subjected to sublethal stresses and treated with nisin and pediocin AcH. Both bacteriocins reduced the viability of cells surviving sublethal stresses. The results explain the possible mechanisms by which bacteriocins of LAB enter through the walls (or outer membranes) to destabilize the cytoplasmic (or inner) membranes and kill cells of sensitive Gram‐positive and resistant, but injured, Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria.
(.eta.5-Cyclopentadienyl)trialkylplatinum photohydrosilylation catalysts. Mechanism of active catalyst formation and preparation of a novel bis(silyl)platinum hydride (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(.eta.5-Cyclopentadienyl)trialkylplatinum photohydrosilylation catalysts. Mechanism of active catalyst formation and preparation of a novel bis(silyl)platinum hydrideLarry D. BoardmanCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 12, 4194–4201Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00060a042https://doi.org/10.1021/om00060a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An International Laboratory Comparison Study of Volumetric and Gravimetric Hydrogen Adsorption Measurements (2019)

In order to determine a material's hydrogen storage potential, capacity measurements must be robust, reproducible, and accurate. Commonly, research reports focus on the gravimetric capacity, and often times the volumetric capacity is not reported. Determining volumetric capacities is not as straight-forward, especially for amorphous materials. This is the first study to compare measurement reproducibility across laboratories for excess and total volumetric hydrogen sorption capacities based on the packing volume. The use of consistent measurement protocols, common analysis, and figure of merits for reporting data in this study, enable the comparison of the results for two different materials. Importantly, the results show good agreement for excess gravimetric capacities amongst the laboratories. Irreproducibility for excess and total volumetric capacities is attributed to real differences in the measured packing volume of the material.
Dual Vulnerability of TDP-43 to Calpain and Caspase-3 Proteolysis after Neurotoxic Conditions and Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

Transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy has recently been reported in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative condition linked to prior history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). While TDP-43 appears to be vulnerable to proteolytic modifications under neurodegenerative conditions, the mechanism underlying the contribution of TDP-43 to the pathogenesis of TBI remains unknown. In this study, we first mapped out the calpain or caspase-3 TDP-43 fragmentation patterns by in vitro protease digestion. Concurrently, in cultured cerebrocortical neurons subjected to cell death challenges, we identified distinct TDP-43 breakdown products (BDPs) of 35, 33, and 12 kDa that were indicative of dual calpain/caspase attack. Cerebrocortical culture incubated with calpain and caspase-fragmented TDP-43 resulted in neuronal injury. Furthermore, increased TDP-43 BDPs as well as redistributed TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm were observed in the mouse cortex in two TBI models: controlled cortical impact injury and overpressure blast-wave-induced brain injury. Finally, TDP-43 and its 35 kDa fragment levels were also elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of severe TBI patients. This is the first evidence that TDP-43 might be involved in acute neuroinjury and TBI pathology, and that TDP-43 and its fragments may have biomarker utilities in TBI patients.
Anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol: a review (2012)

Several researchers have used crude glycerol as a source of substrate for methane production and power generation, which is a way of adding value to this residue that has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and is rich in impurities. This review article summarizes recent data and discussions on the use of crude glycerol as substrate and co-substrate for anaerobic digestion. In general, the dilution of glycerol has been used to avoid problems of inhibition due to the presence of inorganic salts of chloride and sulphates, and due to accumulation of metabolites. However, other methods have been proposed, such as the use of halo-tolerant biomass. It can be concluded that the anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol is technically viable, and an anaerobic reactor treating 25 m3 per day of crude glycerol can produce 4.4 MW of thermal energy, which can be converted to 4.4 GW of heat or 1.2 GW of electricity.
Effect of TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway on Expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in Synovial Fibroblasts from Temporomandibular Joint Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (2015)

Accumulating evidence from previous studies suggested that interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play an important role in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, the cell surface receptors and the intracellular signal pathways leading to these cytokines expression are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fibroblasts (SFs) separated from rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The results showed that treatment with LPS could increase TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, increased expression of IL-1β and TNF-α could be blocked by treatment with TAK-242, a blocker of TLR4 signaling, and also by MyD88 inhibitory peptide (MIP). These findings suggested that maybe TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway participates in enhanced expression of IL-1 and TNF-α in patients with TMD. The activation of TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway which results in production of proinflammatory factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD.
Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness Associated with the Late Opening of a Total Occluded Artery (2007)

Quality-of-life and cost-effectiveness analyses of data from patients in the Occluded Artery Trial [OAT] have shown that a strategy of routine percutaneous coronary intervention has modest symptom benefits that diminish over time. The strategy is also more expensive than optimal medical therapy alone.
Wheelchair-related accidents (1992)

This study set out to determine the prevalence of wheelchair-related accidents, the circumstances in which they occur, the nature of injuries sustained, and to identify types of accident which are potentially avoidable. A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 250 of the 4334 wheelchair users in the Leeds Eastern Health District. Those reporting accidents to themselves or their attendant were then interviewed by telephone. Of the 174 wheelchair users who completed the postal questionnaire, 48 reported accidents to themselves or others. Of wheelchair occupants 18% had had wheelchair-related accidents, falls being the most frequently reported with five users sustaining a fracture. Accidents involving wheelchair attendants were reported by 15.5% of users. It is concluded that wheelchair-related accidents are not uncommon and whilst most are minor, serious injuries can result. There is scope for prevention of many of these accidents for both wheelchair users and attendants.
27.2: Linear Source Deposition of Organic Layers for Full‐Color OLED (2002)

Abstract A key requirement for fabrication of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays is uniform film deposition over large areas because of the sensitivity of emission color and efficiency on film thickness. Conventional deposition using point sources is unattractive because of the requirement of a large source to substrate separation, usually with substrate rotation, to achieve acceptable thin film uniformity. By translating a novel extended linear evaporation source in a single direction, film non‐uniformity of less than 5% has been demonstrated over a 300 mm × 400 mm substrate with a source to substrate separation of 100 mm. OLEDs with all organic layers deposited using linear sources have been determined to operate identically to devices fabricated using conventional point sources. The performance of doped and undoped devices as well as the advantages of linear source deposition over conventional deposition techniques will be described.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Solid Acids Based on Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures (1999)

UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to probe the electronic structure and domain size of tungsten oxide species in crystalline isopolytungstates, monoclinic WO3, and dispersed WOx species on ZrO2 surfaces. UV−visible absorption edge analysis, CO2 chemisorption, and Raman spectroscopic results show that three distinct regions of WOx coverage on ZrO2 supports appear with increasing WOx surface density: submonolayer region (0−4 W nm-2), polytungstate growth region (4−8 W nm-2), and polytungstate/crystalline WO3 coexistence region (>8 W nm-2). The structure and catalytic activity of WOx species on ZrO2 is controlled only by WOx surface density (W nm-2), irrespective of the WOx concentration, oxidation temperature, and ZrO2 surface area used to obtain a particular density. The submonolayer region is characterized by distorted octahedral WOx species that are well dispersed on the ZrO2 surface. These species show a constant absorption edge energy, they are difficult to reduce, and contain few acid sites where o-xylene isomerization can occur at 523 K. At intermediate WOx surface densities, the absorption edge energy decreases, WOx domain size increases, WOx species become easier to reduce, and o-xylene isomerization turnover rates (per W atom) increase with increasing WOx surface density. At high WOx surface densities, a polytungstate monolayer coexists with monoclinic WO3 crystallites. The growth of monoclinic WO3 crystallites results in lower o-xylene isomerization turnover rates because WOx species become inaccessible to reactants. In the presence of H2 at typical catalytic reaction temperatures (∼523 K), strong acid sites form on WOx−ZrO2 catalysts with polytungstate domains by a slight reduction of the cluster and delocalization of an electron from an H atom resulting in H+δ (Brønsted acid site).
Real-Time Characterization of Biogeochemical Reduction of Cr(VI) on Basalt Surfaces by SR-FTIR Imaging (1999)

Abstract Synchrotron radiation-based (SR) Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy in the mid-infrared region is a surface analytical technique that can provide direct insights into the localization and real-time mechanisms for the reduction of the (CrO4)2- chromate [Cr(VI)] species on surfaces of geologic materials. Time-resolved SR-FTIR spectra indicate that, in the presence of endoliths (mineral-inhabiting microorganisms), microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) compounds on basaltic mineral surfaces is the key mechanism of Cr(VI) transformation. It proceeds in at least a two-step reaction with Cr(V) compounds as possible intermediate products, with the reduction of Cr(VI) increasing during the concomitant biodegradation of a dilute organic vapor (toluene). Analyses of spatially resolved SR-FTIR spectra show that the maximum reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) compounds occurs on surfaces densely populated by microorganisms. The oxidation state of Cr(III) compounds was confirmed by micro-x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Both the time- and space-resolved SR-FTIR spectra show that in the absence of endoliths, Cr(VI) reduction is insignificant. With this effort, the potential use of SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy in providing mechanistic information of reduction of Cr(VI) has been demonstrated. This method can now be expanded to examine other IR-amenable microbial/chemical contaminant systems. Keywords: Crvi;Endolithic Microorganisms;Ftir;Infrared Spectroscopy;x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Modular Video IF Concept (1983)

We have developed a new family of monolithic wide-band video IF-amplifiers, based on a modular design concept. This allows both short realisation times for different requirements and optimal chip sizes. The pinning provides optimal decoupling and permits the use of one print layout for the whole family.
Creative Painting with Latent Diffusion Models (2022)

Artistic painting has achieved significant progress during recent years. Using an autoencoder to connect the original images with compressed latent spaces and a cross attention enhanced U-Net as the backbone of diffusion, latent diffusion models (LDMs) have achieved stable and high fertility image generation. In this paper, we focus on enhancing the creative painting ability of current LDMs in two directions, textual condition extension and model retraining with Wikiart dataset. Through textual condition extension, users' input prompts are expanded with rich contextual knowledge for deeper understanding and explaining the prompts. Wikiart dataset contains 80K famous artworks drawn during recent 400 years by more than 1,000 famous artists in rich styles and genres. Through the retraining, we are able to ask these artists to draw novel and creative painting on modern topics. Direct comparisons with the original model show that the creativity and artistry are enriched.
Isolation and Structural Determination of a Novel Bicyclic Taxane Diterpene from Needles of the Chinese Yew,<i>Taxus mairei</i> (1999)

A novel bicyclic taxane diterpene with a rare 12-membered ring was isolated from needles of the Chinese yew, Taxus mairei, and its structure was established as (3E, 8E)-2 alpha, 7 beta, 9, 10 beta, 13 alpha, 20-hexaacetoxy-5(2'-acetoxy-cinnamoyloxy)-3,8-secotaxa -3,8,11-triene (1) with the help of 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative stereochemistry was deduced from a NOESY experiment.
Ruthenium complexes with chiral tetradentate PNNP ligands: Asymmetric catalysis from the viewpoint of inorganic chemistry (2010)

This is a personal account of the application of ruthenium complexes containing chiral tetradentate ligands with a P(2)N(2) ligand set (PNNP) as catalyst precursors for enantioselective "atom transfer" reactions. Therewith are meant reactions that involve bond formation between a metal-coordinated molecule and a free reagent. The reactive fragment (e.g. carbene) is transferred either from the metal to the non-coordinated substrate (e.g. olefin) or from the free reagent (e.g. F(+)) to the metal-bound substrate (e.g.beta-ketoester), depending on the class of catalyst (monocationic, Class A; or dicationic, Class B). The monocationic five-coordinate species [RuCl(PNNP)](+) and the six-coordinate complexes [RuCl(L)(PNNP)](+) (L = Et(2)O, H(2)O) of Class A catalyse asymmetric epoxidation, cyclopropanation (carbene transfer from the metal to the free olefin), and imine aziridination. Alternatively, the dicationic complexes [Ru(L-L)(PNNP)](2+) (Class B), which contain substrates that act as neutral bidentate ligands L-L (e.g., beta-ketoesters), catalyse Michael addition, electrophilic fluorination, and hydroxylation reactions. Additionally, unsaturated beta-ketoesters form dicationic complexes of Class B that catalyse Diels-Alder reactions with acyclic dienes to produce tetrahydro-1-indanones and estrone derivatives. Excellent enantioselectivity has been achieved in several of the catalytic reactions mentioned above. The study of key reaction intermediates (both in the solid state and in solution) has revealed significant mechanistic aspects of the catalytic reactions.
Single‐Site Catalysts (2012)

Abstract The recent rapid development of organometallic single‐site catalysts (SSCs) has revolutionized polyolefin research and permitted the production of new specialty polymers and commodity polyolefins with improved properties. These well‐defined catalyst systems generally consist of a transition metal atom, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, iron, nickel, or palladium, complexed with an organic ligand set and an initiating group. In most cases, activation with methylaluminoxane or compounds bearing a weakly coordinating anions generates cationic‐active species responsible for olefin coordination and polymer chain growth. Representative examples of SSCs include the bis(cyclopentadienyl) or bis(phenoxyimine)‐type group 4 catalysts as well as the diimine complexes of nickel and palladium. By variation of the organic ligand and thus the steric and electronic environment of the metal center, these catalysts can be tailored to control the olefin polymerization reaction in an unprecedented fashion. Almost any vinyl monomer, irrespective of molecular weight or steric hindrance, can be polymerized by choosing the proper catalyst. Virtually all feasible poly(α‐olefin) microstructures ranging from atactic to isotactic, hemiisotactic, syndiotactic, and stereoblock polymers can be produced by rational modification of the catalyst structure. Functional monomers are readily copolymerized with the less oxophilic late transition metal catalysts. Entirely new materials, not accessible with traditional Ziegler–Natta catalysts, have emerged, including high melting syndiotactic polystyrene and cycloaliphatic polymers. This article provides a broad overview of SSCs and their application in olefin polymerization. Evolution and classification of SSCs, polymerization of ethylene, propylene, as well as functional olefins, macromolecular architecture bearing polyolefin blocks are covered. Finally, heterogenization of SSCs for use in industrial processes is described.
A Mobile-Phone-Based Breath Carbon Monoxide Meter to Detect Cigarette Smoking (2014)

The results of our study suggest that a mobile-phone-based Breath CO meter is a reliable, valid, and acceptable device for distinguishing between smokers and nonsmokers.
Dynamic liver imaging with iron oxide agents: Effects of size and biodistribution on contrast (1997)

In vivo effective relaxation rates in normal rat liver were evaluated for four dextran coated iron oxide agents: monocrystalline iron oxide nanocolloid (MION) with a mean particle diameter of 3.9 nm, a polycrystalline agent (PION) with a larger mean diameter of 12 nm, and these two agents labeled with the asialofetuin (ASF) protein for high hepatocytic receptor binding affinity (MION-ASF and PION-ASF). Using echo planar imaging at 2 Tesla, dose response was measured with measured with high temporal resolution for 3 h after injection of agent, and by comparing with relaxivities in vitro and in brain, dominant in vivo contrast phenomena were elucidated. While transverse relaxivity for PION-ASF exceeded that for MION-ASF by almost a factor of 2 in solution, relaxation rates in vivo became equivalent. Liver relaxation using non-ASF agents was consistent with rapid water exchange between vascular and extravascular compartments, which dominated relaxation as a result of agent accumulation in Kupffer cells.
35.4: Novel Transflective LCD with Micro‐lens Array to Double the Brightness (2007)

Abstract A Novel transflective LCD has been developed with introducing a microlens array and a highly collimated backlight system. This new technology provides excellent visibility both outdoors and indoors without increasing power consumption of backlight.