gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ALADIN airborne demonstrator: a Doppler Wind lidar to prepare ESA's ADM-Aeolus Explorer mission (2006)

The Atmospheric Dynamics/Aeolus mission is the 4<sup>th</sup> Earth Explorer mission of the Earth Observation Explorer Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). Its objective is to measure vertical tropospheric profiles of horizontal wind speed components. These global observations of wind profiles from space will improve the quality of weather forecasts and advance our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and climate processes. The 1.3-ton, 1.4-kW Aeolus spacecraft uses an incoherent Doppler Wind lidar (ALADIN) to measure wind speed. It uses a tripled-frequency Nd:YAG laser emitting ultraviolet pulses at a repetition rate of 100 Hz, during a measurement period of 7 sec repeated every 28 sec. The return signal is detected with a double interferometric receiver composed of a Fizeau interferometer to detect the Mie signal scattered by aerosols and a double-edge Fabry-Perot interferometer to detect the Rayleigh signal scattered by atmospheric molecules. A custom-made accumulation CCD is used to detect and integrate the return photons over several laser pulses. The spacecraft has recently passed the CDR level and launch is planned for 2008. An airborne version of the ALADIN instrument has been made with equipment developed during the pre-development phase of the mission. An interferometric receiver with a high-level of representativity to the space receiver and a laser transmitter breadboard have been refurbished and complemented with a telescope, a co-alignment mechanism and custom control and processing electronics to produce the first airborne, direct-detection Doppler Wind lidar worldwide. The lidar was functionally tested in flight in October 2005 and will be used in ground and airborne campaigns in 2006 and 2007 to prepare the exploitation of the Aeolus space mission.
Cylindrical Dielectric Resonators and Their Applications in TEM Line Microwave Circuits (1979)

A cylindrical sample of low-loss high epsilon/sub r/ placed between two parallel conducting plates perpendicular to the sample axis forms a microwave resonator. A simple approximate method for predicting the resonant frequencies of the TE modes of this structure is developed. The method becomes exact for the fitting case of this structure which is known as a dielectric post resonator. In all cases, the accuracy of the method is shown to be better than 3.5 percent. The TE/sub 01delta/ mode chart presented allows the determination of the resonant frequency and the tuning range of any cylindrical dielectric resonator for which epsilon/sub r/ >or= 10. The properties of the dielectric resonator as a TEM line element are demonstrated experimentally.
Quantification of Radiation Induced DNA Damage Response in Normal Skin Exposed in Clinical Settings (2011)

The structure, function and accessibility of epidermal skin provide aunique opportunity to study the DNA damage response (DDR) of a normaltissue. The in vivo response can be examined in detail, at a molecularlevel, and further associated to the structural changes, observed at atissue level. We collected an extensive skin biopsy material frompatients undergoing fractionated radiotherapy for 5 to 7 weeks. Several end-points inthe DDR pathways were examined before, during and after the treatment. Quantification of DNA double strand break (DSB) signalling focirevealed a hypersensitivity to doses below 0.3Gy. Furthermore, aconsiderable amount of foci persisted between fractions. The low dosehypersensitivity was observed throughout the treatment and was alsoobserved for several key parameters further downstream in the DDR-pathway, such as p21-associated checkpoint activation, apoptosisinduction and reduction in basal keratinocyte density (BKD).Furthermore, for dose fractions above 1.0 Gy, a distinct acceleration inDDR was observed half way into treatment. This was manifested as anaccelerated loss of basal keratinocytes, mirrored by a simultaneousincrease in DSBs and p21 expression. Quantifications of mitotic events revealed a pronounced suppression ofmitosis throughout the treatment which was clearly low dosehypersensitive. Thus, no evidence of accelerated repopulation could beobserved for fraction doses ranging from 0.05 to 2Gy. Our results suggest that the keratinocyte response primarily isdetermined by checkpoints, which leads to pre-mitotic cell elimination by permanent growth arrest and apoptosis. A comparison between the epidermal and dermal sub-compartments revealsa consistent up-regulation of the DDR response during treatment. Adifference was however observed in the recovery phase after treatment,where miR-34a and p21 remain up-regulated in dermis more persistentlythan in epidermis. Our observations suggest that the recovery phaseafter treatment can provide important clues to understand clinicalobservations such as the early and late effects observed in normaltissues during fractionated radiotherapy.
Preparation and Structure of a Tetrasubstituted Derivative of <i>N</i>″-Cyanoguanidine, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-Tetrabenzyl-<i>N</i>″-cyanoguanidine (1993)

Abstract A tetrasubstituted derivative of N″-cyanoguanidine (CG), N,N,N′,N′-tetrabenzyl-N″-cyanoguanidine (TBCG), was prepared by a phase-transfer reaction of CG with benzyl chloride in a 25% (w/w) NaOH aq soln–dichloromethane using tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate as a catalyst. TBCG was identified by means of an elemental analysis, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FD mass spectrometry and an X-ray crystal analysis. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 10.231 (2), b = 14.158 (4), c = 17.231 (4) Å, β = 95.27 (4)°, V = 2483 (1) Å3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.189 g cm−3, μ (Mo Kα) = 0.66 cm−1. The final R value was 0.069 for 1196 reflections.
Single, Total Paracentesis for Tense Ascites: Sequential Hemodynamic Changes and Right Atrial Size (1990)

Hemodynamic changes induced by a single, total paracentesis were evaluated in 21 patients with tense ascites from whom 4 to 16 L of ascites were drained over 2 to 8 hr with no serious complications. At 60 min, compared to baseline, there was an increase in cardiac output (7.7 +/- 0.5 to 8.5 +/- 0.6 L/min, p less than 0.02) and a tendency for right atrial pressure to decrease (9.3 +/- 0.8 to 7.50 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, NS), with no change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (10.9 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg). Between 3 and 12 hr later, there was a drop in right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac output to 5.6 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.02), 7.2 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.002) and 7.2 +/- 0.6 L/min (NS) respectively, indicative of the development of relative hypovolemia and suggesting that therapeutic plasma expansion is appropriate at this time. Two-dimensional echocardiography before paracentesis (n = 8) showed a reduction in the right to left atrium area ratio as compared with values in patients with minimal ascites (0.54 +/- 0.04 vs 0.82 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.0001). This technique may help in identifying patients with right atrial compression caused by tense ascites.
An NMDA Receptor ER Retention Signal Regulated by Phosphorylation and Alternative Splicing (2001)

Formation of mature excitatory synapses requires the assembly and delivery of NMDA receptors to the neuronal plasma membrane. A key step in the trafficking of NMDA receptors to synapses is the exit of newly assembled receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we report the identification of an RXR-type ER retention/retrieval motif in the C-terminal tail of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 that regulates receptor surface expression in heterologous cells and in neurons. In addition, we show that PKC phosphorylation and an alternatively spliced consensus type I PDZ-binding domain suppress ER retention. These results demonstrate a novel quality control function for alternatively spliced C-terminal domains of NR1 and implicate both phosphorylation and potential PDZ-mediated interactions in the trafficking of NMDA receptors through early stages of the secretory pathway.
Lipid raft proteomics: Analysis of in‐solution digest of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐solubilized lipid raft proteins by liquid chromatography‐matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2004)

Lipid rafts are glycolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains implicated in membrane signaling and trafficking. The highly hydrophobic nature of lipid raft proteins pose significant problems of solubilization and recovery that hinder analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and may under-report the composition of lipid rafts. In a previous investigation of the monocyte lipid raft in which proteins were digested with trypsin following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis we identified 52 proteins. Here we report the development of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-aided approach in which proteins are digested in solution and examined by high-performance liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MALDI-MS/MS) using a novel LC-MALDI interface thereby circumventing the need to separate proteins on gels. Using this approach we identified 71 proteins in the lipid raft, 45 of which were not detected using in-gel digestion. Among the new proteins are alpha- and beta-tubulin, tubulinspecific chaperone A, a folding protein involved in tubulin dimer assembly, and KIF13, a microtubule motor protein indicating that proteins involved in microtubule assembly and trafficking are more readily detected using an in-solution approach. To investigate why tubulin was not identified by in-gel digestion, we compared the distribution of alpha-tubulin and the raft marker flotillin-2 in buoyant density gradients before and after separation on SDS-gels. Both proteins were present in the raft fractions, but tubulin was selectively lost following separation on SDS-gels. Assemblies of cytoskeletal proteins with lipid rafts may therefore be resolved using in-solution digestion that would be missed using gel-based approaches.
Studying Neutrino Directionality with Double Chooz (2012)

The first results from Double Chooz with 100 days of data measured $\sin^2(2θ_{13}) = 0.086 \pm 0.051$. Backgrounds contribute significantly to the systematic uncertainty budget. Using the incoming neutrino directionality we will attempt to further separate the inverse beta decay signal from backgrounds. The CHOOZ experiment completed a similar analysis and found that the neutrino source can be located to within a cone of half-aperture of 18 degrees at the 68% C.L. We study the possible improvement of this result by Double Chooz.
cHRV Uncovering Daily Stress Dynamics Using Bio-Signal from Consumer Wearables (2017)

Knowing the dynamics of one's daily stress is essential to effective stress management in the context of smart and connected health. However, there lacks a practical and unobtrusive means to obtain real-time and longitudinal stress information. In this paper, we attempt to derive a convenient HRV-based (heart rate variability) biomarker named cHRV, which can be used to reliably reflect stress dynamics. cHRV's key advantage lies in its low maintenance and high practicality. It can be efficiently calculated only using data from photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, the mainstream heart rate sensor embedded in most of the consumer wearables like Apple Watch. Benefiting from the proliferation of wearables, cHRV is ideal for day-to-day stress monitoring. To evaluate its feasibility and performance, we have conducted 14 in-lab controlled experiments. The result shows that the proposed cHRV has strong correlation with the stress dynamics (r > 0.95), therefore exhibits great potential for continuous stress assessment.
Quantitation of the major cuticular components from green leaf of different tobacco types (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitation of the major cuticular components from green leaf of different tobacco typesRay F. Severson, Richard F. Arrendale, Orestes T. Chortyk, Albert W. Johnson, D. Michael Jackson, G. Richard Gwynn, James F. Chaplin, and Michael G. StephensonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 3, 566–570Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00123a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00123a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Review of various k-Nearest Neighbor Query Processing Techniques (2011)

Identifying the queried object, from a large volume of given uncertain dataset, is a tedious task which involves time complexity and computational complexity. To solve these complexities, various research techniques were proposed. Among these, the simple, highly efficient and effective technique is, finding the K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm. It is a technique which has applications in various fields such as pattern recognition, text categorization, moving object recognition etc. Different kNN techniques are proposed by various researchers under various situations. In this paper, we classified these techniques into two ways: (1) structure based (2) non-structure based kNN techniques. The aim of this paper is to analyze the key idea, merits, demerits and target data behind each kNN techniques. The structure based kNN techniques such as Ball Tree, k-d Tree, Principal Axis Tree
Uric Acid: The Oxidant-Antioxidant Paradox (2008)

Uric acid, despite being a major antioxidant in the human plasma, both correlates and predicts development of obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, conditions associated with oxidative stress. While one explanation for this paradox could be that a rise in uric acid represents an attempted protective response by the host, we review the evidence that uric acid may function either as an antioxidant (primarily in plasma) or pro-oxidant (primarily within the cell). We suggest that it is the pro-oxidative effects of uric acid that occur in cardiovascular disease and may have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Tele-Existence Vision System with Image Stabilization for Rescue Robots (2005)

The purpose of this research is to develop an intuitive interface to control rescue robots. We propose a new image stabilization system for operating rescue robots easily. The use of teleoperated rescue robots is promising in searching for victims in rubble. In the rescue activities with such robots, operators control the robots remotely through images captured by cameras mounted on the robots. Since the orientation of the robots change rapidly while they move in rubble, image stabilization is necessary so the operators can search for victims without suffering from fatigue or motion sickness. However, robot orientation changes so much that conventional image stabilizing methods does not work. In this paper, we propose a new image stabilization system which cancels camera motion caused by such rapid changes of robot orientation on an uneven terrain. After a preliminary experiment, a 3-DOF camera system was designed based on the newly proposed mechanism. To verify the performance of the camera system, we conducted two experiments. The results of the experiments confirmed that the proposed mechanism shows good image stabilization and good tracking of commanded head motion.
Amorphous semiconductors (1976)

In recent years the physics of amorphous semiconductors has developed into a field so extensive and ramified that it is difficult to review in one paper. Various researchers emphasize different achievements; my choice of these is based on an attempt to give the reader an idea of the breadth of the research—from fundamental questions on electron states and atomic motions to the principles underlying some of the applications. The main difficulty with such a presentation of a more or less consistent picture is that there will necessarily be an inadequate discussion of alternative interpretations, so that the reader may get the mistaken impression that the suggested models were uniquely deduced from the experimental data. Unfortunately, crucial experiments that distinguish between different interpretations are still scarce. Nevertheless, experimental and theoretical work in the last five years have shown that some previously suggested plausible assumptions were incorrect, and the field has achieved, besides its extensive growth, significant progress in the understanding of the fundamental physics.
Tocotrienols-rich diet decreases advanced glycosylation end-products in non-diabetic rats and improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (2002)

This study determined the effects of palm vitamin E (TRF) diet on the levels of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (gHb), serum advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received either control (normal rat chow), TRF diet (normal chow fortified with TRF at 1 g/kg) or Vitamin C diet (vitamin E-deficient but contained vitamin C at 45 g/kg). The animals were maintained on the respective diet for 4 weeks, made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), then followed-up for a further 8 weeks. At week-4, mean serum AGE levels of rats given TRF diet (0.7 +/- 0.3 units/ml) were significantly lower than those of control or Vitamin C diet rats (p pounds 0.03). The levels increased after STZ and became comparable to the other groups. At week 12, blood glucose (20.9 +/- 6.9 mM) and gHb (10.0 +/- 1.6%) of rats on TRF diet remained significantly low compared to that of control or Vitamin C diet rats (p pounds 0.03). MDA however, was not affected and remained comparable between groups throughout the study. This study showed that TRF may be a useful antioxidant; effectively prevented increase in AGE in normal rats, and caused decrease in blood glucose and gHb in diabetic rats. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TRF.
Low-energy ion extraction with small dispersion from an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma stream (1987)

The effects of a magnetic field gradient on the energy profiles of ions extracted from an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave plasma stream are studied. The mean energy and energy dispersion of the ions strongly depend on the spatial distribution of the magnetic field strength. Ions with an energy dispersion of several eV are extracted from the plasma by the mirror field gradient application. Consequently, the magnetic field gradient, i.e., the magnetic flux profile, is one of the most important parameters in ECR microwave plasma processes.
Automated Illustration of News Stories (2010)

Forgetting what one has just read is, in some cases, linked to insufficient attention. The reader might feel either bored or distracted by something more interesting - a common trace in children and the elderly. The challenge is: how can multimedia systems assist readers in reading and remembering stories? Several studies [2, 7, 14] showed that reading memory is improved by visual stimulus. In this paper we formulate the hypothesis that an automated multimedia system can help users in reading a story by stimulating their reading memory with adequate visual illustrations. These illustrations are intended to increase the readers' attention towards the story and to help them recalling the story. The framework automatically creates a multimedia presentation of the news story by (1) rendering the news text in a sentence-by-sentence fashion, (2) providing mechanisms to select the best illustration for each sentence and (3) select the set of illustrations that guarantees the best sequence of illustrations. Users may also activate a text-to-speech functionality according to their preference or reading difficulties. Experiments used Flickr images to illustrate BBC news articles: a user survey with 23 users assessed positively the effectiveness of the system.
The kinetics of diethylene glycol formation in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate (1998)

For revealing diethylene glycol (DEG) formation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) synthesis, this research focused on finding the stage most critical for DEG formation. It is found that the esterification stage was the most critical stage for DEG formation during production of PET through the direct esterification process. In addition, the kinetics of the formation of DEG (ether bond), which is mainly produced from hydroxyl end groups of ethylene glycol (EG) and bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) oligomer, was investigated. The results show that the reactivity of BHET-OH functional group is greater than that of EG-OH functional group in the reaction to produce ether bonds. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3073–3080, 1998
Duodenal Microflora in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Neonates and Relation to Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2000)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. Small-bowel overgrowth with aerobic gram-negative bacteria has previously been implicated in the development of NEC. This prospective study performed quantitative bacteriology on 422 duodenal aspirates collected from 122 very-low-birth-weight (<1,500-g) newborns, at the time of routine changing of nasogastric tubes. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were typed by repetitive extragenic, palindromic PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. One or more samples from 50% of these infants yielded gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp., with counts up to 10(8) CFU/g. The proportion of samples with gram-negative bacteria increased with postnatal age, while the percentage of sterile samples declined. Molecular typing revealed marked temporal clustering of indistinguishable strains. All infants had been fed prior to isolation of gram-negative organisms. Antibiotic use had no obvious effect on colonization with Enterobacteriaceae. There were 15 episodes of suspected NEC (stage I) and 8 confirmed cases of NEC (2 stage II and 6 stage III) during the study period. Duodenal aspirates were collected prior to clinical onset in 13 episodes of NEC. Seven of these yielded Enterobacteriaceae, of which five strains were also isolated from infants without NEC. Very-low-birth-weight infants have high levels of duodenal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae, with evidence of considerable cross-colonization with indistinguishable strains. There was no association between duodenal colonization with particular strains of Enterobacteriaceae and development of NEC.