gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web resource geographic location classification and detection (2005)

Rapid pervasion of the web into users' daily lives has put much importance on capturing location-specific information on the web, due to the fact that most human activities occur locally around where a user is located. This is especially true in the increasingly popular mobile and local search environments. Thus, how to correctly and effectively detect locations from web resources has become a key challenge to location-based web applications. In this paper, we first explicitly distinguish the locations of web resources into three types to cater to different application needs: 1) provider location; 2) content location; and 3) serving location. Then we describe a unified system that computes each of the three locations, employing a set of algorithms and different geographic sources.
Partial characterization of the lettuce infectious yellows virus genomic RNAs, identification of the coat protein gene and comparison of its amino acid sequence with those of other filamentous RNA plant viruses (1994)

Purified virions of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), a tentative member of the closterovirus group, contained two RNAs of approximately 8500 and 7300 nucleotides (RNAs 1 and 2 respectively) and a single coat protein species with M(r) of approximately 28,000. LIYV-infected plants contained multiple dsRNAs. The two largest were the correct size for the replicative forms of LIYV virion RNAs 1 and 2. To assess the relationships between LIYV RNAs 1 and 2, cDNAs corresponding to the virion RNAs were cloned. Northern blot hybridization analysis showed no detectable sequence homology between these RNAs. A partial amino acid sequence obtained from purified LIYV coat protein was found to align in the most upstream of four complete open reading frames (ORFs) identified in a LIYV RNA 2 cDNA clone. The identity of this ORF was confirmed as the LIYV coat protein gene by immunological analysis of the gene product expressed in vitro and in Escherichia coli. Computer analysis of the LIYV coat protein amino acid sequence indicated that it belongs to a large family of proteins forming filamentous capsids of RNA plant viruses. The LIYV coat protein appears to be most closely related to the coat proteins of two closteroviruses, beet yellows virus and citrus tristeza virus.
Hydraulically set packer useful with independently set straddle packers including an inflate/deflate valve and a hydraulic ratchet associated with th* (1991)

This patent describes an apparatus adapted for placement between a first packer and a second packer in a borehole for enabling said first packer to be set only when said second packer is already set. It comprises: ratchet means disposed between said first packer and said second packer for placing by hydraulic means an upward pressure force on said first packer thereby compressing said first packer but only when said second packer is already set.
Three-Degree of Freedom Adaptive Power Control for CDMA Cellular Systems (2009)

The successful operation of CDMA systems depend on the use of power control. This is needed to address the "near far" effect and to mitigate the effects of fading. Other factors also impact on the achievable performance of the power control loop including the fact that only the sign of the power increments are transmitted. The paper presents new methods and results to improve control with respect to the latter strongly non-linear effect. An adaptive control architecture, having three degrees of freedom, is therefore proposed for inner loop power control. The three degrees of freedom are used to address errors resulting from (i) channel and interference variations, (ii) quantization of the power increments and (iii) saturation of the power increments. Simulations show that the proposed controller outperforms other related schemes. A major reason for this is the ability of the three degree of freedom controller to reduce the variation of the control signal to be quantized.
SOI (Service Oriented Integration) and SIMM (Service Integration Maturity Model An Analysis (2010)

The constellation of SOA entities encompasses a triplet of Service consumer/provider and an optional registry. In the normal style, the service provider (“Service”) is instantiated and the details are stored in a registry. Service consumers seeking the required service explore the registry, locate the Service end points, receive the service contracts (normally as WSDLs), comply with the established contracts in order to consume the service. While this is an ideal scenario, in integration based environments the style differs where integration enablers as services are required to be built to aid integration. Thus Service Oriented integration (SOI) would mean the following depending on the type of players in the IT industry: To an ISV (Independent Software Vendor) who develops products, SOI would mean exposing loosely coupled interfaces to be consumed easily by abstracting the implementation; To a systems integrator, this would mean creating and hosting integration enablers as services( most of the times in the middleware layer) to be consumed by applications which in turn might fulfill the intended functionality by interacting with one or more back end applications. SIMM (Service Integration Maturity Model) defines a maturity model of such SOI based environments. This maturity model in turn will serve as an index to measure the level of flexibility and agility of an industry's IT Environment to the changing needs of the business which is the key goal of SOA. Though there are many factors affecting SIMM, standards and modularity play a key role. In this paper we intend to analyze SIMM characteristics, benefits of standards combined with modularity, different enterprise environments and suggest the relevance of standards in each environment. In section I, we briefly discuss the functionality of integration enablers and various patterns. In Section II, we discuss the SIMM characteristics combined with modularity, explore in detail the various types of enterprises and requirements to comply with standards to achieve greater SIMM and finally conclude.
<title>Color image reproduction based on multispectral and multiprimary imaging: experimental evaluation</title> (2001)

Multispectral imaging is significant technology for the acquisition and display of accurate color information. Natural color reproduction under arbitrary illumination becomes possible using spectral information of both image and illumination light. In addition, multiprimary color display, i.e., using more than three primary colors, has been also developed for the reproduction of expanded color gamut, and for discounting observer metamerism. In this paper, we present the concept for the multispectral data interchange for natural color reproduction, and the experimental results using 16-band multispectral camera and 6-primary color display. In the experiment, the accuracy of color reproduction is evaluated in CIE (Delta) Ea*b* for both image capture and display systems. The average and maximum (Delta) Ea*b* = 1.0 and 2.1 in 16-band mutispectral camera system, using Macbeth 24 color patches. In the six-primary color projection display, average and maximum (Delta) Ea*b* = 1.3 and 2.7 with 30 test colors inside the display gamut. Moreover, the color reproduction results with different spectral distributions but same CIE tristimulus value are visually compared, and it is confirmed that the 6-primary display gives improved agreement between the original and reproduced colors.
Coculture Production of Butanol by Clostridium Bacteria (1985)

Production of butanol by anaerobic fermentation of sugars enhanced by use of two Clostridium species, one of which feeds on metabolic product of other. Renewed interest in fermentation process for making butanol stimulated by potential use of butanol as surfactant in enhanced oil recovery. Butanol also used as fuel or as chemical feedstock and currently produced synthetically from petroleum.
Discovery of Potent and Orally Available Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-Derived Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors (2020)

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors like <i>pembrolizumab</i> have drawn considerable attention from both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we describe the discovery of a novel class of highly potent IDO1 heme-displacing inhibitors featuring a unique bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif. Compound <b>1</b>, evolving from an ALIS (automated ligand identification system) hit, exhibited excellent potency but lacked the desired pharmacokinetic profile due to extensive amide hydrolysis of the benzamide moiety. Replacing the central phenyl ring in <b>1</b> with a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane bioisostere effectively circumvented the amide hydrolysis issue, resulting in the discovery of compound <b>2</b> with a favorable overall profile such as excellent potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and a low predicted human dose.
Adapting <scp>VMAT</scp> plans optimized for an <scp>HD</scp>120 <scp>MLC</scp> for delivery with a Millennium <scp>MLC</scp> (2017)

Linac downtime invariably impacts delivery of patients' scheduled treatments. Transferring a patient's treatment to an available linac is a common practice. Transferring a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan from a linac equipped with a standard-definition MLC to one equipped with a higher definition MLC is practical and routine in clinics with multiple MLC-equipped linacs. However, the reverse transfer presents a challenge because the high-definition MLC aperture shapes must be adapted for delivery with the lower definition device. We have developed an efficient method to adapt VMAT plans originally designed for a high-definition MLC to a standard-definition MLC. We present the dosimetric results of our adaptation method for head-and-neck, brain, lung, and prostate VMAT plans. The delivery of the adapted plans was verified using standard phantom measurements.
Processing Ternary Sulfide Ceramics: Powder Preparation, Sintering, and Hot‐Pressing (1983)

Ceramic processing of various AB 2 S 4 sulfides with the Th 3 P 4 , CaFe 2 O 4 , and spinel structure types was investigated. These refractory sulfides show good sinterability when fired in flowing H 2 S. They can be densified by a combination of hot‐pressing and hot isostatic pressing into theoretically dense ceramics.
A New Anti-MRSA Antibiotic Complex, WAP-8294A. I. Taxonomy, Isolation and Biological Activities. (1998)

WAP-8294A, produced by Lysobacter sp., is a complex consisting of water soluble depsipeptide antibiotics. It was further purified by column chromatographies and HPLC, and 19 components were obtained. WAP-8294A2, a major component, and minor components A1, A4, Ax8, Ax9 and Ax13 were active against gram-positive bacteria, in particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. WAP-8294A2 was highly active in vivo in mice against the systemic infection of MRSA.
The Rain Profiling Algorithm Applied to Polarimetric Weather Radar (2000)

The algorithm developed in this paper for ground-based polarimetric radars is derived from those used for the spaceborne rain radar of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)—the so-called rain profiling algorithms. The characteristic of this type of algorithm is to be nonlocal, that is, the full rain profile along the radar beam is derived from the reflectivity profile. However, to be stable such algorithms require an external constraint. In TRMM, the constraint is the total path attenuation derived from the observation of the ocean surface, which is used as a reference target. In the present algorithm, the external constraint is provided by the differential phase shift ΦDP between H and V polarizations. This is the reason for calling this new algorithm ZPHI. The inverse model on which ZPHI is based is a set of three power law relationships between A and Ze, KDP and A, and R and A, respectively (A, specific attenuation; Ze, equivalent reflectivity; R, rainfall rate). Each of these relationships is parameterized by a “normalized” intercept parameter N*0 of the drop size distribution (DSD) such as A = a[N*0]1−bZbe. In ZPHI, N*0 (retrieved by the algorithm) is assumed constant along the profile. Nevertheless, because ZPHI authorizes a segmentation of the treatment, it can deal with complex situations where two (or several) types of rain with different N*0 occur along the profile (e.g., as convective and stratiform rain). Also ZPHI includes a correction scheme for the backscattering effects that may affect ΦDP at X and C bands. A series of simulations demonstrate the capability of ZPHI to adjust to the variability of the physical characteristics of the rain (variability of N*0 over two decades, and of the shape parameter μ between 0 and 10), and to operate the rain-rate retrieval with a statistical error similar to that with a “classic” Z–R relationship (when ΔΦDP is large enough). The algorithm collapses when the relative error in ΔΦDP approaches 58%, which may correspond to an average rain rate of 1.58 mm h−1 at C band (1 mm h−1 at X band) along an integration path of 50 km. In conclusion, ZPHI possesses all characteristics required in an operational application: mathematical simplicity, robustness, and stability with respect to the measurement noise. It admits a very short dwell time, compatible with scanning velocities of 15°–20° s−1.
A Novel Effective and Safe Vaccine for Prevention of Marek’s Disease Caused by Infection with a Very Virulent Plus (vv+) Marek’s Disease Virus (2021)

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes rapid onset lymphoma in chickens. Marek’s disease (MD) is effectively controlled using vaccination; however, MDV continues to break through vaccinal immunity, due to the emergence of highly virulent field strains. Earlier studies revealed that deletion of the meq gene from MDV resulted in an attenuated virus that protects against MD in chickens challenged with highly virulent field strains. However, the meq deleted virus retains the ability to induce significant lymphoid organ atrophy. In a different study, we found that the deletion of the vIL8 gene resulted in the loss of lymphoid organ atrophy in inoculated chickens. Here, we describe the generation of a recombinant MDV from which both meq and vIL8 genes were deleted. In vitro studies revealed that the meq and vIL8 double deletion virus replicated at levels similar to the parental very virulent plus (vv+) virus. In addition, in vivo studies showed that the double deletion mutant virus (686BAC-ΔMeqΔvIL8) conferred protection comparable to CVI988, a commercial vaccine strain, when challenged with a vv+ MDV virus, and significantly reduced lymphoid organ atrophy, when compared to meq null virus, in chickens. In conclusion, our study describes the development of a safe and effective vaccine candidate for prevention of MD in chickens.
Optimizing energy efficiency over energy-harvesting LTE cellular networks (2016)

We consider the problem of downlink scheduling in an LTE network powered by energy harvesting devices. We formulate optimization problems that seek to optimize two popular energy efficiency metrics subject to mandatory LTE network constraints along with energy harvesting causality constraints. We identify a key sub-problem pertaining to maximizing the weighted sum rate that is common for both optimization problems, and is also of independent interest. We show that the latter sub-problem can be reformulated as a constrained submodular set function maximization problem. This enables us to design constant-factor approximation algorithms for maximizing the weighted sum rate as well as the two energy efficiency metrics over an energy harvesting LTE downlink. Our proposed algorithms are simple to implement and offer superior performance.
CALHM1 P86L Polymorphism Modulates CSF Aβ Levels in Cognitively Healthy Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease (2011)

The calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) gene codes for a novel cerebral calcium channel controlling intracellular calcium homeostasis and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide metabolism, a key event in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The P86L polymorphism in CALHM1 (rs2986017) initially was proposed to impair CALHM1 functionally and to lead to an increase in Aβ accumulation in vitro in cell lines. Recently, it was reported that CALHM1 P86L also may influence Aβ metabolism in vivo by increasing Aβ levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although the role of CALHM1 in AD risk remains uncertain, concordant data have now emerged showing that CALHM1 P86L is associated with an earlier age at onset of AD. Here, we have analyzed the association of CALHM1 P86L with CSF Aβ in samples from 203 AD cases and 46 young cognitively healthy individuals with a positive family history of AD. We failed to detect an association between the CALHM1 polymorphism and CSF Aβ levels in AD patients. Our data, however, revealed a significant association of CALHM1 P86L with elevated CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the normal cohort at risk for AD. This work shows that CALHM1 modulates CSF Aβ levels in presymptomatic individuals, strengthening the notion that CALHM1 is involved in AD pathogenesis. These data further demonstrate the utility of endophenotype-based approaches focusing on CSF biomarkers for the identification or validation of risk factors for AD.
Complexity Science Applications to Dynamic Trajectory Management: Research Strategies (2009)

The promise of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is strongly tied to the concept of trajectory-based operations in the national airspace system. Existing efforts to develop trajectory management concepts are largely focused on individual trajectories, optimized independently, then de-conflicted among each other, and individually re-optimized, as possible. The benefits in capacity, fuel, and time are valuable, though perhaps could be greater through alternative strategies. The concept of agent-based trajectories offers a strategy for automation of simultaneous multiple trajectory management. The anticipated result of the strategy would be dynamic management of multiple trajectories with interacting and interdependent outcomes that satisfy multiple, conflicting constraints. These constraints would include the business case for operators, the capacity case for the Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), and the environmental case for noise and emissions. The benefits in capacity, fuel, and time might be improved over those possible under individual trajectory management approaches. The proposed approach relies on computational agent-based modeling (ABM), combinatorial mathematics, as well as application of "traffic physics" concepts to the challenge, and modeling and simulation capabilities. The proposed strategy could support transforming air traffic control from managing individual aircraft behaviors to managing systemic behavior of air traffic in the NAS. A system built on the approach could provide the ability to know when regions of airspace approach being "full," that is, having non-viable local solution space for optimizing trajectories in advance.
Performance properties of oil‐soluble synthetic polyalkylene glycols (2012)

ABSTRACT Conventional polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) that are derived from the polymerization of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide provide many performance benefits such as excellent friction control, good low temperature properties, high viscosity indices and excellent deposit control. One limitation is their poor miscibility in hydrocarbon oils. A new range of oil‐soluble PAG base oils has been developed using butylene oxide as one of the precursors, and these provide superior miscibility in hydrocarbon base stocks. The new base oils offer many of the traditional advantages of PAGs such as high viscosity indices, good low temperature properties and good traction behaviour. In addition, they can be used as a co‐base oil or additive in hydrocarbon base stocks to improve deposit control and provide good film‐forming behaviour. Examples of their structure property relationships will be discussed and also aspects of how this technology may enable application expansion of PAGs in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoride Glass Infrared Fibers In Various Glass Forming Systems (1986)

Among numerous glass forming systems, only a few of them give glasses stable enough to be drawn into fibers. Fluoro-zirconate glasses which have been extensively studied provide industrial infra-red transmitting fibers with optical losses well lower than 1 dB/m between 1 and 4 μm, and transmission losses lower than 5 dB/km have been observed on experimental fibers. Experiments carried out on fluoroaluminate and fluorozincate glasses result in fibers of several dB/m in optical attenuation. Wavelength independent scattering which is the main source of losses arises from bulk crystallization while surface defects dramatically reduce fiber strength. Control of surface devitrification and optimization of glass composition are the major elements of further development.
Automatic selection of mask and arterial phase images for temporally resolved MR digital subtraction angiography (2002)

For time-resolved background-subtracted contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, the bright and sparse arterial signal allows unique identification of contrast bolus arrival in the arteries. This article presents an automatic filtering algorithm using such arterial characterization for selecting arterial phase images and mask images to generate an optimal summary arteriogram. A paired double-blinded comparison demonstrated that this automatic algorithm is as effective as the manual process.
The state of the art in online handwriting recognition (1990)

This survey describes the state of the art of online handwriting recognition during a period of renewed activity in the field. It is based on an extensive review of the literature, including journal articles, conference proceedings, and patents. Online versus offline recognition, digitizer technology, and handwriting properties and recognition problems are discussed. Shape recognition algorithms, preprocessing and postprocessing techniques, experimental systems, and commercial products are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Programmable DNA cleavage <i>in vitro</i> by Cas9 (2013)

The ternary Cas9-crRNA-tracrRNA complex (Cas9t) of the Type II CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) system functions as an Mg2+-dependent RNA-directed DNA endonuclease that locates its DNA target guided by the crRNA (CRISPR RNA) in the tracrRNA-crRNA structure and introduces a double-strand break at a specific site in DNA. The simple modular organization of Cas9t, where specificity for the DNA target is encoded by a small crRNA and the cleavage reaction is executed by the Cas9 endonuclease, provides a versatile platform for the engineering of universal RNA-directed DNA endonucleases. By altering the crRNA sequence within the Cas9t complex, programmable endonucleases can be designed for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Cas9t has been recently employed as a gene-editing tool in various eukaryotic cell types. Using Streptococcus thermophilus Cas9t as a model system, we demonstrate the feasibility of Cas9t as a programmable molecular tool for in vitro DNA manipulations.