gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Workplace Exposures in Vietnamese Women Working in California Nail Salons (2011)

Using a CBPR approach that engaged community members in the research process contributed to the successful recruitment of salon workers. Measured levels of toluene, methyl methacrylate, and total volatile organic compounds were higher than recommended guidelines to prevent health symptoms such as headaches, irritations, and breathing problems, which were frequently reported in this workforce.
The cultivation of human kidney epithelial cells in aggregate culture for the production of recombinant protein C (1993)

Protein C is a naturally occurring serine protease which circulates in the plasma and plays a critical role in the regulation of hemostasis. It is activated at the blood vessel wall and is able to block blood clot formation by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa in the clotting cascade. Protein C could be used as an adjunct therapy with tissue plasminogen activator or as a therapeutic treatment for septic shock. The cells which secrete Protein C are anchorage dependent cells which have been adapted to grow in suspension. However, at the calcium concentrations required for proper expression of the protein, the cells attach to each other to form multicellular aggregates. As the cells in the aggregates grow, they enlarge to form tightly packed clumps commonly called multicellular spheroids. A bioreactor which allows continuous cultivation of multicellular spheroids for the production of Protein C has been designed. Although efficient protein production is achieved with this reactor through about 30 days of operation, problems associated with nutrient diffusion to cells in the interior of the spheroids appear after 10-15 days. These conditions grow more severe and ultimately lead to termination of the run. Reactor operating characteristics are described and solutions are proposed for dealing with the nutrient diffusion problems. Attempts are made to used biochemical and mechanical means to limit spheroid size. Studies of the effect of nutrient limitations on the growth of multicellular spheroids have focused on the depletion of oxygen to the center of the spheroid as the ultimate cause of necrosis. A simple mathematical model which describes oxygen uptake in human kidney cell aggregates is described. The model is able to predict spheroid enlargement at different bulk oxygen conditions satisfactorily, but it is less accurate in describing Protein C production in spheroid culture. The model takes into account the existence of three cell subpopulations, each with distinct nutrient consumption, growth, and Protein C production kinetics. The effect of external mass transfer resistance in limiting nutrient diffusion is also considered.
Enzymic imbalance in serine metabolism in rat hepatomas (1986)

The activity of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase was high in tissues of high cell-renewal capacity, and was increased in neonatal and regenerating liver and, more markedly, in hepatomas. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity was present in hepatomas, whereas other enzymes of serine utilization (serine dehydratase and serine aminotransferase) were absent. This enzymic imbalance couples serine biosynthesis preferentially to nucleotide precursor formation in cancer cells.
Efficiency Limits of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2009)

We calculate the radiative efficiency limits of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells according to the theory of Shockley and Queisser and compare the results with experimental device performance. The difference between limiting theory (23% power conversion efficiency) and experimental data (4%) is explained and quantified by five reasons, namely the energy level misalignment at the donor/acceptor heterointerface of the bulk heterojunction, insufficient light trapping, low exciton diffusion lengths, nonradiative recombination, and low charge carrier mobilities. Comparison of the impact of the different loss mechanisms by numerical simulation reveals that efficiencies above 10% using PF10TBT/PCBM blends will require mostly a strong reduction of nonradiative recombination. The energy misalignment and the low carrier mobilities appear as a second-order restriction in this type of blend.
Type II collagen-immune complex arthritis in sheep: collagen antibodies in serum, synovial fluid and afferent lymph. (1992)

Type II native bovine collagen was used to induce arthritis in sheep. The sheep received a subcutaneous injection of collagen in Freund's adjuvant, and some sheep also received an intra-articular injection of collagen. The response to the collagen injections was monitored by measurement of antibody levels to bovine and ovine collagen in serum, synovial fluid and afferent lymph samples. There were antibodies in the normal sheep serum which reacted with native and denatured type II collagen, but there was a marked rise in serum and synovial fluid reactivity after subcutaneous injection of native collagen. In these sensitised sheep there was a further rise in antibody levels in the synovial fluid and afferent lymph samples after an intra-articular injection of collagen. There was little effect on antibody levels in the non-injected contralateral limb. Histological and immunohistochemical studies showed that the rise in antibody levels was associated with pathological changes to the synovium which were consistent with the development of arthritis. These changes were most severe in those joints of sensitized sheep which had received an intra-articular injection of collagen and were characterized by increased numbers of T cells in the synovial tissue, mainly of the CD4 phenotype. There was a marked increase in B cell expression by cells on the surface of the synovial intima, and accumulations of B and T cells were seen in the subsynovial tissues. Collagen-immune complex arthritis in sheep appears to be a useful large animal model of arthritis, with significant similarities to the arthropathies of other species, including man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Foot Strike and Injury Rates in Endurance Runners (2012)

Competitive cross-country runners on a college team incur high injury rates, but runners who habitually rearfoot strike have significantly higher rates of repetitive stress injury than those who mostly forefoot strike. This study does not test the causal bases for this general difference. One hypothesis, which requires further research, is that the absence of a marked impact peak in the ground reaction force during a forefoot strike compared with a rearfoot strike may contribute to lower rates of injuries in habitual forefoot strikers.
Influence of age and gender on human lymphatic pumping pressure in the leg. (2011)

Lymph transportation is controlled, at least in part, by the intrinsic pumping of lymphatic vessels. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influences of age and gender on leg lymphatic pumping pressure. A total of 399 subjects between the ages of 20 and 91 years (199 males and 200 females) volunteered to participate in this study. Lymphatic pumping was measured in 798 legs of the 399 participants. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence lymphography was performed, and the real-time fluorescence images of lymph propulsion were obtained in a sitting position using an infrared-light camera system. A custom-made transparent sphygmomanometer cuff was wrapped around the lower leg and connected to a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. The cuff was inflated, and then gradually deflated until the fluorescent dye exceeded the upper border of the cuff. Lymph pumping pressure was defined as the value of the cuff pressure when the dye exceeded the upper border of the cuff. There was a significant correlation between the leg lymphatic pumping and age: r = -0.34 (p < 0.0001). Comparison of lymphatic pumping between males and females indicated that the age-related decrease in lymphatic pumping pressure was more marked in females of postmenopausal age.
Simplified method of introducing double-J stent catheters using a coaxial sheath system (1985)

Simplified method of introducing double-J stent catheters using a coaxial sheath systemS Mercado, J Hawkins, MA Herrera, JG Caridi and IF HawkinsAudio Available | Share
Biosynthesis of Amphotericin Derivatives Lacking Exocyclic Carboxyl Groups (2005)

Amphotericin B is a medically important antifungal antibiotic that is also active against human immunodeficiency virus, Leishmania parasites, and prion diseases. The therapeutic use of amphotericin B is restricted by severe side effects that can be moderated by liposomal formulation or structural alteration. Chemical modification has shown that suppression of charge on the exocyclic carboxyl group of amphotericin B substantially reduces toxicity. We report targeted deletions of the amphN cytochrome P450 gene from the chromosome of the amphotericin-producing bacterium Streptomyces nodosus. The mutant strains produced amphotericin analogues in which methyl groups replace the exocyclic carboxyl groups. These compounds retained antifungal activity and had reduced hemolytic activity.
Coherent effects of a weak neutral current (1974)

If there is a weak neutral current, then the elastic scattering process $\ensuremath{\nu}+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+A$ should have a sharp coherent forward peak just as $e+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e+A$ does. Experiments to observe this peak can give important information on the isospin structure of the neutral current. The experiments are very difficult, although the estimated cross sections (about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}38}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ on carbon) are favorable. The coherent cross sections (in contrast to incoherent) are almost energy-independent. Therefore, energies as low as 100 MeV may be suitable. Quasi-coherent nuclear excitation processes $\ensuremath{\nu}+A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+{A}^{*}$ provide possible tests of the conservation of the weak neutral current. Because of strong coherent effects at very low energies, the nuclear elastic scattering process may be important in inhibiting cooling by neutrino emission in stellar collapse and neutron stars.
3‐D depth migration in the Diapir Province of the Central North Sea (1992)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19923‐D depth migration in the Diapir Province of the Central North SeaAuthors: D. G. RockliffM. J. SugrueM. M. CooperA. PieprzakM. WitcombeG. HodgkissD. G. RockliffBP Exploration, Scotland, M. J. SugrueBP Exploration, Scotland, M. M. CooperBP Exploration, Scotland, A. PieprzakGECO‐PRAKLA, M. WitcombeGECO‐PRAKLA, England, and G. HodgkissGECO‐PRAKLA, Englandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822257 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822257FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1992 Pages: 1410 publication data© 1992 Copyright © 1992 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION D. G. Rockliff, M. J. Sugrue, M. M. Cooper, A. Pieprzak, M. Witcombe, and G. Hodgkiss, (1992), "3‐D depth migration in the Diapir Province of the Central North Sea," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 925-926. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822257 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Emergency discharge quench or rampdown by a noble gas pellet (1995)

Fast discharge quench in ITER using injection of a krypton pellet is considered. A zero dimensional analysis predicts a hundred milliseconds quench time for a 10 mm pellet injected with a velocity of 3 km/s. No significant runaway electrons are expected in the Parail-Pogutse approach improved by the 'avalanche effect'. Temperature shock due to radiation onto the beryllium first wall is not greater than 850 K for 10 ms close to the start of the current rampdown. This seems acceptable for the wall performance
Learning, tracking and recognition of 3D objects (2002)

In this contribution we describe steps towards the implementation of an active robot vision system. In a sequence of images taken by a camera mounted on the hand of a robot, we detect, track, and estimate the position and orientation (pose) of a three-dimensional moving object. The extraction of the region of interest is done automatically by a motion tracking step. For learning 3-D objects using two-dimensional views and estimating the object's pose, a uniform statistical method is presented which is based on the expectation-maximization-algorithm (EM-algorithm). An explicit matching between features of several views is not necessary. The acquisition of the training sequence required for the statistical learning process needs the correlation between the image of an object and its pose; this is performed automatically by the robot. The robot's camera parameters are determined by a hand/eye-calibration and a subsequent computation of the camera position using the robot position. During the motion estimation stage the moving object is computed using active, elastic contours (snakes). We introduce a new approach for online initializing the snake on the first images of the given sequence, and show that the method of snakes is suited for real time motion tracking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vertical Ferroelectric HfO<inf>2</inf> FET based on 3-D NAND Architecture: Towards Dense Low-Power Memory (2018)

A vertical ferroelectric HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> field effect transistor based on 3-D macaroni NAND architecture is reported for the first time. Up to 2 V memory window was obtained after the application of 100 ns program/erase pulses. Flash-like endurance of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> cycles is reported and first reliability assessments were performed.
Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infections. (1991)

Nine cases of neonatal Haemophilus influenzae septicaemia were recorded in Finland during 1985-9; incidence was 2.8/100,000 live births, and 1.6% of all cases of neonatal septicaemia. The onset of the disease was early in all cases, ranging from 0-6 hours after delivery. Seven of the infants were preterm and three died (overall mortality 33%). H influenzae was isolated from blood in seven of the cases, and in two neonates with clinical signs of septicaemia it was found on several surface sites and the placenta. One of the eight strains of H influenzae was capsular type b and biotype I, the rest being non-typable--a distribution similar to those previously reported. Four of the uncapsulated strains were of biotype III, and three were of biotype II. None of the strains of H influenzae was of biotype IV, which has been reported to be characteristic of neonatal and genital isolates of H influenzae. All nine mothers had some sign of infection at the time of or shortly after delivery. H influenzae was isolated from five mothers: from the blood (n = 1) or from the placenta or cervix (n = 4). The use of intrauterine devices may be a possible risk factor for neonatal H influenzae infections; two of the mothers had such devices in place during their pregnancies.
Centralization: a new method for the normalization of gene expression data (2001)

Microarrays measure values that are approximately proportional to the numbers of copies of different mRNA molecules in samples. Due to technical difficulties, the constant of proportionality between the measured intensities and the numbers of mRNA copies per cell is unknown and may vary for different arrays. Usually, the data are normalized (i.e., array-wise multiplied by appropriate factors) in order to compensate for this effect and to enable informative comparisons between different experiments. Centralization is a new two-step method for the computation of such normalization factors that is both biologically better motivated and more robust than standard approaches. First, for each pair of arrays the quotient of the constants of proportionality is estimated. Second, from the resulting matrix of pairwise quotients an optimally consistent scaling of the samples is computed.
Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ Influence on Expression of Antiislet Autoantibodies and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

HLA DQ alleles determine autoantibody expression, which is correlated with diabetes progression. Among autoantibody-positive relatives, most HLA DQ genotypes did not further influence T1DM risk.
Structure of d(CACGTG), a Z-DNA hexamer containing AT base pairs (1988)

The left-handed Z-DNA conformation has been observed in crystals made from the self-complementary DNA hexamer d(CACGTG). This is the first time that a non disordered Z form is found in the crystal structure of an alternating sequence containing AT base pairs without methylated or brominated cytosines. The structure has been determined and refined to an agreement factor R = 22.9% using 746 reflections in the resolution in the resolution shell 7 to 2.5 A. The overall shape of the molecule is very similar to the Z-structure of the related hexamer d(CG)3 confirming the rigidity of the Z form. No solvent molecules were detected in the minor groove of the helix near the A bases. The disruption of the spine of hydration in the AT step appears to be a general fact in the Z form in contrast with the B form. The biological relevance of the structure in relation to the CA genome repeats is discussed.
Performance of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2018)

Screening could be a two-step process where a questionnaire is first used to identify intermediate-risk individuals, followed by SNP testing for these women only.
Colorimetric studies of the reduction of Fe<sup>3+</sup> by coal (1993)

The reduction of Fe 3+ by coal surfaces has been followed colorimetrically. The kinetics of the reaction in coals with a relatively high O/C ratio are sensitive to mild air oxidation, those having a low O/C ratio are relatively insensitive.
Recent Advances in Nanocomposite Materials of Graphene Derivatives with Polysaccharides (2015)

This review article presents the recent advances in syntheses and applications of nanocomposites consisting of graphene derivatives with various polysaccharides. Graphene has recently attracted much interest in the materials field due to its unique 2D structure and outstanding properties. To follow, the physical and mechanical properties of graphene are then introduced. However it was observed that the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites had become one of the most important research frontiers in the application of graphene. Therefore, this review also summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene nanocomposites with polysaccharides, which are abundant in nature and are easily synthesized bio-based polymers. Polysaccharides can be classified in various ways such as cellulose, chitosan, starch, and alginates, each group with unique and different properties. Alginates are considered to be ideal for the preparation of nanocomposites with graphene derivatives due to their environmental-friendly potential. The characteristics of such nanocomposites are discussed here and are compared with regard to their mechanical properties and their various applications.
Search for earthquake precursors in multidisciplinary data monitoring of geophysical and biological parameters (2003)

Abstract. Short-term variations in sets of geophysical and biological parameters that were monitored at the Garm research site for a long time are considered in relation to an earthquake of magnitude M = 5.3. Daily average data of electrical resistivity, electrototelluric field, electrochemical potential, water conductivity and hourly average data of electrical activity of weakly electric fishes were used. All the data, including bioindicators activity, were obtained by high precision instrumental methods. Contemporary disturbances of all the geoelectrical parameters were discovered when observations were carried out directly in the epicentral zone of the impending earthquake. At the distance of about 20–30 km from the epicenter short-term precursors were not found.
An improved layout verification algorithm (LAVA) (1990)

The correctness of a VLSI circuit layout can be verified by comparing the netlist extracted from the layout with the specification netlist. Ebeling and Zajicek [3, 4] showed that this problem can be solved by utilizing known techniques for solving classical graph isomorphism problem. In this paper we present an improved algorithm for solving the graph isomorphism problem associated with layout verification. This algorithm takes advantage of the hipartite nature of the graphs associated with the layout verification problem. The sum of the improvements in this algorithm tend to relieve the memory-intensive problems reported in [5], and accelerate the process.
Dephosphorylation Targets Bcl-2 for Ubiquitin-dependent Degradation: A Link between the Apoptosome and the Proteasome Pathway (1999)

Injury of the endothelial cells by the induction of apoptotic cell death may play an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the progression of inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome complex in stimulus-induced degradation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Bcl-2 is specifically degraded after stimulation of human endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a process that is inhibited by specific proteasome inhibitors. In addition, the mutation of the potential ubiquitin-acceptor amino acids of Bcl-2 provides protection against TNF-alpha- and staurosporine-induced degradation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, mimicking phosphorylation of the putative mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase sites of the Bcl-2 protein (Thr 56, Thr 74, and Ser 87) abolishes its degradation, suggesting a link between the MAP kinase pathway to the proteasome pathway. Finally, inhibition of Bcl-2 degradation either by suppressing ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation or by mimicking continuous phosphorylation of the putative MAP kinase sites in the Bcl-2 protein confers resistance against induction of apoptosis. Thus, the degradation of Bcl-2 may unleash the inhibitory function of Bcl-2 over the apoptosome and may thereby amplify the activation of the caspase cascade.