gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-based nonuniform time-scale compression of audio signals (2003)

A novel method for time-scale compression based on a time-varying time-scale ratio is developed, with the ratio determined by the short-term energy of the signal. The target operating area of the technique is in very low ratio time-scale compression, where it is shown that improvement in perceptual quality is achievable at low computational complexity.
Methods for Surgical Targeting of the STN in Early-Stage Parkinsonâ€™s Disease (2014)

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience progressive neurological decline, and future interventional therapies are thought to show most promise in early stages of the disease. There is much interest in therapies that target the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with surgical access. While locating STN in advanced disease patients (Hoehn-Yahr Stage III or IV) is well understood and routinely performed at many centers in the context of deep brain stimulation surgery, the ability to identify this nucleus in early-stage patients has not previously been explored in a sizeable cohort. We report surgical methods used to target the STN in 15 patients with early PD (Hoehn-Yahr Stage II), using a combination of image guided surgery, microelectrode recordings, and clinical responses to macrostimulation of the region surrounding the STN. Measures of electrophysiology (firing rates and root mean squared activity) have previously been found to be lower than in later-stage patients, however, the patterns of electrophysiology seen and dopamimetic macrostimulation effects are qualitatively similar to those seen in advanced stages. Our experience with surgical implantation of Parkinson's patients with minimal motor symptoms suggest that it remains possible to accurately target the STN in early-stage PD using traditional methods.
A Model Reference Adaptive Control Framework for Uncertain Dynamical Systems With High-Order Actuator Dynamics and Unknown Actuator Outputs (2017)

As it is well-known, the stability properties of model reference adaptive controllers can be seriously affected by the presence of actuator dynamics. To this end, the authors recently proposed linear matrix inequalities-based hedging approaches to compute the stability limits of model reference adaptive controllers in the presence of a) scalar actuator dynamics with known outputs, b) scalar actuator dynamics with unknown outputs, and c) high-order (linear time-invariant) actuator dynamics with known outputs. The common denominator of these approaches is that they have the capability to rigorously characterize the fundamental stability interplay between the system uncertainties and the necessary bandwidth of the actuator dynamics. Building on these results, the purpose of this paper is to extend the recent work by the authors to the general case, where there exist high-order actuator dynamics with unknown outputs in the closed-loop model reference adaptive control systems. For this purpose, we propose an observer architecture to estimate the unknown output of the actuator dynamics and use the estimated actuator output to design the linear matrix inequalities-based hedging framework. Remarkably, with the proposed observer, the sufficient stability condition in this case of unknown actuator outputs is identical to the case with known actuator outputs that was established in the prior work by the authors. Therefore, a control designer can utilize the proposed framework for practical applications when the output of the actuator dynamics is not measurable, and hence, unknown (e.g., in hypersonic vehicle applications). An illustrative numerical example complements the proposed theoretical contribution.
Enzymatically mediated engineering of multivalent MHC class II–peptide chimeras (2001)

We previously reported the genetic engineering of the first soluble, bivalent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II–peptide ligand for T-cell receptor (TCR). This ligand binds stably and specifically to cognate T-cells and exhibits immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The increase in valence of MHC class II–peptide ligands was shown to parallel their avidity for cognate TCRs and potency in stimulating cognate T-cells. We describe a new enzymatic method to increase the valence of MHC–peptide ligands by cross-linking the N-glycan moieties of dimeric MHC II–peptide units through a flexible, bifunctional polyethylene glycol linker. Using this method, we generated covalently stabilized tetravalent and octavalent MHC II–peptide ligands which bound stably and specifically to cognate TCR and preserved their structural integrity in blood and lymphoid organs for 72 h. Depending on the TCR/CD4 occupancy and degree of TCR/CD4 co-clustering, the multivalent MHC II–peptide ligands polarized efficiently the antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells toward type 2 cell differentiation or induced T-cell anergy and apoptosis. The enzymatically mediated engineering of multivalent MHC–peptide ligands for cognate TCRs may provide rational grounds for the development of new therapeutic agents endowed with strong modulatory effects on antigen-specific T-cells.
Increased sensitivity to agonist-induced seizures, straub tail, and hippocampal theta rhythm in knock-in mice carrying hypersensitive alpha 4 nicotinic receptors. (2003)

We studied a strain of exon replacement mice ("L9'S knock-in") whose alpha4 nicotinic receptor subunits have a leucine to serine mutation in the M2 region, 9' position (Labarca et al., 2001); this mutation renders alpha4-containing receptors hypersensitive to agonists. Nicotine induced seizures at concentrations (1 mg/kg) approximately eight times lower in L9'S than in wild-type (WT) littermates. At these concentrations, L9'S but not WT showed increases in EEG amplitude and theta rhythm. L9'S mice also showed higher seizure sensitivity to the nicotinic agonist epibatidine, but not to the GABA(A) receptor blocker and proconvulsant bicuculline. Dorsiflexion of the tail (Straub tail) was the most sensitive nicotine effect found in L9'S mice (0.1 mg/kg). The L9'S mice were hypersensitive to galanthamine- and tacrine-induced seizures and Straub tails. There were no apparent neuroanatomical differences between L9'S and WT mice in several brain regions. [(125)I]Epibatidine binding to brain membranes showed that the mutant allele was expressed at approximately 25% of WT levels, presumably because of the presence of a neomycin selection cassette in a nearby intron. (86)Rb efflux experiments on brain synaptosomes showed an increased fraction of function at low agonist concentrations in L9'S mice. These data support the possible involvement of gain-of-function alpha4 receptors in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal-lobe epilepsy.
Treatment of Acute Thromboembolism in Mice Using Heparin-Conjugated Carbon Nanocapsules (2012)

The unsurpassed properties in electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, strength, and surface area-to-volume ratio allow for many potential applications of carbon nanomaterials in various fields. Recently, studies have characterized the potential of using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a biomaterial for biomedical applications and as a drug carrier via intravenous injection. However, most studies show that unmodified CNTs possess a high degree of toxicity and cause inflammation, mechanical obstruction from high organ retention, and other biocompatibility issues following in vivo delivery. In contrast, carbon nanocapsules (CNCs) have a lower aspect ratio compared with CNTs and have a higher dispersion rate. To investigate the possibility of using CNCs as an alternative to CNTs for drug delivery, heparin-conjugated CNCs (CNC-H) were studied in a mouse model of acute hindlimb thromboembolism. Our results showed that CNC-H not only displayed superior antithrombotic activity in vitro and in vivo but they also had the ability to extend the thrombus formation time far longer than an injection of heparin or CNCs alone. Therefore, the present study showed for the first time that functionalized CNCs can act as nanocarriers to deliver thrombolytic therapeutics.
Characterization and Protective Efficacy of Type III Secretion Proteins as a Broadly Protective Subunit Vaccine against Salmonella enterica Serotypes (2018)

Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotypes (NTS) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death due to foodborne illnesses. NTS are the costliest of the foodborne pathogens and cause ∼$4 billion annually in health care costs. In Africa, new invasive NTS are the leading cause of bacteremia, especially in HIV-positive children and adults. Current vaccines against <i>S. enterica</i> are not broadly protective and most are directed at the typhoid-causing serotypes, not the NTS. All <i>S. enterica</i> strains require two type III secretion systems (T3SS) for virulence. The T3SS needle tip protein and the first translocator are localized to the T3SS needle tip and are required for pathogenesis of <i>S. enterica</i> Collectively they are 95 to 98% conserved at the amino acid sequence level among all <i>S. enterica</i> strains. The <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity island 1 or 2 tip and first translocator proteins were genetically fused to produce the S1 and S2 fusion proteins, respectively, as potential vaccine candidates. S1 and S2 were then characterized using spectroscopic techniques to understand their structural and biophysical properties. Formulated at the proper pH, S1, S2, or S1 plus S2 (S1S2), admixed with adjuvant, was used to immunize mice followed by a lethal challenge with <i>S. enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium or <i>S. enterica</i> serotype Enteritidis. The S1S2 formulation provided the highest protective efficacy, thus demonstrating that an S1S2 subunit vaccine can provide broad, serotype-independent protection, possibly against all <i>S. enterica</i> serotypes. Such a finding would be transformative in improving human health.
Detection and suppression of keyboard transient noise in audio streams with auxiliary keybed microphone (2015)

In this paper a problem in transient noise suppression for audio streams in laptop and netbook devices is addressed. One or more microphones record voice signals which are corrupted with ambient noise and also transient noise from keyboard and mouse clicks. In the current work, a synchronous reference microphone is embedded in the keyboard which allows for measurement of the key click noise, substantially unaffected by the voice signal and ambient noise. An algorithm is here presented for incorporation of the keybed microphone as a reference signal in a signal restoration process for the voice part. The problem is substantially complicated by the presence of nonlinear vibarations (we postulate) in the hinge and casework of the laptop, which renders a simple linear suppressor ineffective in some cases. Moreover, the transfer functions between key clicks and voice microphone depend strongly upon which key is being clicked. A very low-latency solution is proposed in which short-time transform data is processed sequentially in short frames and a robust statistical model is formulated and estimated using Bayesian inference procedures. Results with real recordings show a significant reduction of typing artefacts at the expense of small amounts of voice distortion.
Synthesis of polyglycocarbonates through polycondensation of glucopyranosides with CO<sub>2</sub> (2017)

Starting from α-methyl <sc>d</sc>-glucopyranoside (MDG), three strategies of synthesis of polyglycocarbonates through direct polycondensation with CO<sub>2</sub> were tried.
<title>Characteristics of photonic time shifters based on switched gratings</title> (1998)

A cascade of n independently controlled gratings can be used to route an optical carrier through one of 2 inch evenly spaced time delay paths. The resulting optical systems include digital time shifters for phased arrays with the potential for improving attainable performance in terms of insertion loss, crosstalk, and compactness. We describe results from an effort in which these characteristics of free-space optical time delay system based on switched- volume-diffraction gratings were modeled and investigated experimentally. In one experiment, a 1 by 4 router, which constitutes the front end of a 2-bit photonic time delay circuit, was used to validate the low insertion loss and miniaturization capabilities of this technology. We fabricated electrically switched gratings which demonstrated 20 dB contrast and a response time of 15 microseconds. Realistic loss and crosstalk parameters were used in detailed systems modeling to show that practical system can be built using this technology with very low insertion loss and crosstalk. Various configurations are described, including a multi-pass device that may replace many single channel time shifters with a single optical system.
Colonic Bacteria Express an Ulcerative Colitis pANCA-Related Protein Epitope (2000)

Bacteria are a suspected pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease, but the identity of the relevant microbial species remains unresolved. The pANCA autoantibody is associated with most cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and hence reflects an immune response associated with the disease process. This study addresses the hypothesis that pANCA identifies an antigen(s) expressed by bacteria resident in the human colonic mucosa. Libraries of colonic bacteria were generated using aerobic and anaerobic microbiologic culture conditions, and bacterial pools and clonal isolates were evaluated for cross-reactive antigens by immunoblot analysis using the pANCA monoclonal antibody Fab 5-3. Two major species of proteins immunoreactive to pANCA monoclonal antibodies were detected in bacteria from the anaerobic libraries. Colony isolates of the expressing bacteria were identified as Bacteroides caccae and Escherichia coli. Isolation and partial sequencing of the B. caccae antigen identified a 100-kDa protein without database homologous sequences. The E. coli protein was biochemically and genetically identified as the outer membrane porin OmpC. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with human sera demonstrated elevated immunoglobulin G anti-OmpC in UC patients compared to healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that a pANCA monoclonal antibody detects a recurrent protein epitope expressed by colonic bacteria and implicates colonic bacterial proteins as a target of the disease-associated immune response.
Validation of GEMCaP as a DNA Based Biomarker to Predict Prostate Cancer Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy (2017)

A high GEMCaP score was associated with biochemical recurrence in 2 external cohorts. This remained true after adjusting for clinical and pathological factors. The GEMCaP biomarker could be an efficient and effective clinical risk assessment tool to identify patients with prostate cancer for early adjuvant therapy.
Conf-Net: Predicting Depth Completion Error-Map For High-Confidence Dense 3D Point-Cloud. (2019)

This work proposes a new method for depth completion of sparse LiDAR data
using a convolutional neural network which learns to generate almost full 3D
point-clouds with significantly lower root mean squared error (RMSE) over
state-of-the-art methods. An almost dense high-confidence/low-variance
point-cloud is more valuable for safety-critical applications specifically
real-world autonomous driving than a dense point-cloud with high error rate and
high variance. We examine the error of the standard depth completion methods
and demonstrate that the error exhibits a long tail distribution which can be
significantly reduced if a small portion of the generated depth points can be
identified and removed. We add a purging step to our neural network and present
a novel end-to-end algorithm that learns to predict a high-quality error-map of
its prediction. Using our predicted error map, we demonstrate that by
up-filling a LiDAR point cloud from 18,000 points to 285,000 points, versus
300,000 points for full depth, we can reduce the RMSE error from 1004 to 399.
This error is approximately 60% less than the state-of-the-art and 50% less
than the state-of-the-art with RGB guidance. We only need to remove 0.3% of the
predicted points to get comparable results with the state-of-the-art which has
RGB guidance. Our post-processing step takes the output of a standard
encoder-decoder network, to generate high resolution 360 degrees dense
point-cloud. In addition to analyzing our results on Kitti depth completion
dataset, we demonstrate the real-world performance of our algorithm using data
gathered with a Velodyne VLP-32C LiDAR mounted on our vehicle to verify the
effectiveness and real-time performance of our algorithm for autonomous
driving. Codes and demo videos are available at
http://github.com/hekmak/Conf-net.
Treatment of Depression with Botulinum Toxin A: A Case Series (2006)

To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of depression treated with botulinum toxin A.
Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice (2017)

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. Using subpially-placed polyethylene catheters (PE-10 or PE-5) for AAV9 delivery, potent transgene expression through the spinal parenchyma (white and gray matter) in subpially-injected spinal segments has been demonstrated. Because of the wide range of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a strong desire for the development of a potent central nervous system (CNS)-targeted vector delivery technique in adult mice. Accordingly, the present study describes the development of a spinal subpial vector delivery device and technique to permit safe and effective spinal AAV9 delivery in adult C57BL/6J mice. In spinally immobilized and anesthetized mice, the pia mater (cervical 1 and lumbar 1-2 spinal segmental level) was incised with a sharp 34 G needle using an XYZ manipulator. A second XYZ manipulator was then used to advance a blunt 36G needle into the lumbar and/or cervical subpial space. The AAV9 vector (3-5 µL; 1.2 x 1013 genome copies (gc)) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was then injected subpially. After injections, neurological function (motor and sensory) was assessed periodically, and animals were perfusion-fixed 14 days after AAV9 delivery with 4% paraformaldehyde. Analysis of horizontal or transverse spinal cord sections showed transgene expression throughout the entire spinal cord, in both gray and white matter. In addition, intense retrogradely-mediated GFP expression was seen in the descending motor axons and neurons in the motor cortex, nucleus ruber, and formatio reticularis. No neurological dysfunction was noted in any animals. These data show that the subpial vector delivery technique can successfully be used in adult mice, without causing procedure-related spinal cord injury, and is associated with highly potent transgene expression throughout the spinal neuraxis.
Purification, Characterization, and Synergistic Activity of a Glucan 1,3-<i>beta</i>-Glucosidase and an<i>N</i>-Acetyl-<i>beta</i>-Glucosaminidase from<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (1994)

A glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58) and an N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) were purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Tricloderma harzianum strain PI. The molecular masses and the pIs were 78 kDa and 6.2, respectively, for the glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase and 72 kDa and 4.6, respectively, for the N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase and the N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were tested against Botrytis cinerea, and their antifungal activity was compared with that obtained for an endochitinase and a chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidase also purified from T. harzianun strain P1. The four cell wall-degrading enzymes were also tested as mixtures containing two, three, or all four proteins in all possible combinations [...]
A 1075-line video-rate laser-addressed liquid crystal light-valve projection display (1988)

Abstract : An all-solid state-1075-line laser-raster scanner system conforming to EIA RS 343A with a limiting resolution greater than 1300 TV lines has been developed. The laser raster scanning designed with vertical and horizontal acousto-optic deflectors is used to photoactive a liquid-crystal light valve for a video-rate large-screen projection display. Reprints.
A new class of gold(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes with saturated poly(benzyl ether) dendrons for solution-processable blue-green-emitting organic light-emitting devices (2017)

Blue-green-emitting solution-processable OLEDs have been realized by the incorporation of a saturated dendrimer onto alkynylgold(<sc>iii</sc>) complexes.
An introduction to voice search (2008)

Voice search is the technology underlying many spoken dialog systems (SDSs) that provide users with the information they request with a spoken query. The information normally exists in a large database, and the query has to be compared with a field in the database to obtain the relevant information. The contents of the field, such as business or product names, are often unstructured text. This article categorized spoken dialog technology into form filling, call routing, and voice search, and reviewed the voice search technology. The categorization was made from the technological perspective. It is important to note that a single SDS may apply the technology from multiple categories. Robustness is the central issue in voice search. The technology in acoustic modeling aims at improved robustness to environment noise, different channel conditions, and speaker variance; the pronunciation research addresses the problem of unseen word pronunciation and pronunciation variance; the language model research focuses on linguistic variance; the studies in search give rise to improved robustness to linguistic variance and ASR errors; the dialog management research enables graceful recovery from confusions and understanding errors; and the learning in the feedback loop speeds up system tuning for more robust performance. While tremendous achievements have been accomplished in the past decade on voice search, large challenges remain. Many voice search dialog systems have automation rates around or below 50% in field trials.
Studies on .BETA.-lactam antibiotics. II Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of .ALPHA.-hydroxyiminoarylacetyl cephalosporins. (1981)

The synthesis and antibacterial activity in vitro of the 2-aryl-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl cephalosporins (2) are described. Within this cephalosporin series, analogs (9f approximately 13f) with 2-hydroxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl group at the 7-position of a cephem nucleus were found to have the highest antibacterial activity against a wide-range of microorganisms, including beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Structure-activity relationships of 2 are discussed.