gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semaphorin-3A and urothelial carcinoma (2019)

Urothelial cancer (UC) is a common malignancy with unique biology displaying a high tendency to recur despite complete resection of the primary lesion. In approximately 80% of the patients, UC is a non-curable chronic disease, however in the remaining ~20% of patients, the disease can progress and cause death. Despite the fact that UC in the USA is common and responsible for 82,000 new cases and 18,000 patients die from this disease annually, almost nothing has changed in the last decade regarding the diagnosis and treatment of UC. Hence, there is a burning need for non-invasive biomarkers for screening and follow up as well as to develop novel treatment strategies for targeted therapy. Recently we have discovered that Semaphorin-3A is involved in UC and may serve as a biomarker or a potential druggable target for therapy. Herein we review the current knowledge about Semaphorin-3A in UC.
PWI speech coder in the speech domain (2002)

Prototype waveform interpolation (PWI) coding can produce high quality speech at low bit rates. Most PWI coders that have been published carry out the coding in the residual domain, as opposed to the speech domain. This paper discusses a speech domain approach which aims to reduce quantisation complexity and improve speech quality.
Immune and viral therapies for malignant primary brain tumors (2017)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with great lethality. Current standard of care with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are ineffective in curing this disease. Recent advancements in biological therapies show promise in treating brain tumors. Areas covered: This article provides a review of: the peripheral activation of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells to stimulate T cells to recognize and destroy tumor cells within the brain; the ex vivo expansion and transfer of dendritic cells, T cells, and engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors to target cells bearing specific tumor antigens as well as monoclonal antibodies as immune check point inhibitors. Gene therapy approaches have also been utilized to employ viral vectors in transducing cells to express cytokines for activating immune responses to brain tumors. Finally, the article reviews engineering of viruses for oncolytic targeting and destruction of malignant tumors within the brain. Expert opinion: The ultimate goal of immune and viral approaches for treating malignant brain tumors is to cure this disease. Preclinical and clinical studies utilizing these biological therapeutic approaches for treating brain tumors have the potential to augment the current standard of care to provide potential curative therapies.
Cardiac Stem Cells and Myocardial Regeneration (2005)

Until recently, the accepted paradigm considered the adult mammalian heart a post-mitotic organ without intrinsic regenerative capacity where neither myocyte death nor new myocyte formation played any role in its homeostasis and could be safely ignored. We have recently identified in the adult mammalian myocardium a small cell population expressing surface antigens commonly associated with a variety of stem cells. These cells have the behaviour and potential of bonafide cardiac stem cells (CSCs): they are clonogenic, self-renewing and multipotent. Their presence has identified myocyte death and myocyte renewal as the two sides of the proverbial coin of cardiac homeostasis. Myocyte renewal depends on the differentiation of the CSCs into immature myocytes that divide two to four times before becoming terminally differentiated. Both in vivo and in vitro the progeny of a single CSC can generate the three major cell types of the myocardium: myocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial vascular cells. More interestingly, when directly injected or activated with growth factors in the post-ischaemic myocardium, these cells are able to reconstitute a functional ventricular wall. Thus, although in the adult heart most cardiac myocytes are permanently withdrawn from the cell cycle, the heart has an intrinsic regenerative potential and it is not a terminally differentiated organ.
Topological Transformation Approaches to TCAM-Based Packet Classification (2010)

Several range reencoding schemes have been proposed to mitigate the effect of range expansion and the limitations of small capacity, large power consumption, and high heat generation of ternary content addressable memory (TCAM)-based packet classification systems. However, they all disregard the semantics of classifiers and therefore miss significant opportunities for space compression. In this paper, we propose new approaches to range reencoding by taking into account classifier semantics. Fundamentally different from prior work, we view reencoding as a topological transformation process from one colored hyperrectangle to another, where the color is the decision associated with a given packet. Stated another way, we reencode the entire classifier by considering the classifier's decisions rather than reencode only ranges in the classifier ignoring the classifier's decisions as prior work does. We present two orthogonal, yet composable, reencoding approaches: domain compression and prefix alignment. Our techniques significantly outperform all previous reencoding techniques. In comparison to prior art, our experimental results show that our techniques achieve at least five times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for an encoded classifier and at least three times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for a reencoded classifier and its transformers. This, in turn, leads to improved throughput and decreased power consumption.
Laser Pulse Heating of Steel Surface: Consideration of Phase-Change Process (2006)

Laser pulse heating and the phase-change process taking place in the region irradiated by a laser beam are considered. A numerical method is employed to predict temperature field and recessing velocities of evaporating and melting surfaces. An experiment is conducted to compare the cavity size obtained from experiment with the prediction. The prediction of the recession velocity of the evaporating surface is compared with the results of a one-dimensional closed-form solution. It is found that the mushy zones at the solid–liquid and liquid–vapor interfaces are visible at some depth below the irradiated surface. The recession velocity of the evaporating front velocity follows almost the temporal variation of the laser heating pulse; moreover, recession velocity of the solid–liquid interface is higher than that corresponding to the liquid–vapor interface. The cavity shape predicted from the present simulation agrees well with experiment. In addition, the prediction of the recession velocity of the evaporating surface agrees well with the closed-form solutions.
Extreme Multi-label Classification from Aggregated Labels (2020)

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) is the problem of finding the relevant labels for an input, from a very large universe of possible labels. We consider XMC in the setting where labels are available only for groups of samples - but not for individual ones. Current XMC approaches are not built for such multi-instance multi-label (MIML) training data, and MIML approaches do not scale to XMC sizes. We develop a new and scalable algorithm to impute individual-sample labels from the group labels; this can be paired with any existing XMC method to solve the aggregated label problem. We characterize the statistical properties of our algorithm under mild assumptions, and provide a new end-to-end framework for MIML as an extension. Experiments on both aggregated label XMC and MIML tasks show the advantages over existing approaches.
Simplified Load-Following Control for a Fuel Cell System (2010)

A simplified load-following control scheme has been proposed for a fuel cell power system. The scheme could be used to control devices that are important parts of a fuel cell system but are sometimes characterized as parasitic because they consume some of the power generated by the fuel cells.
Abstract 5225: Quantification of circulating tumor cell aggregates in breast cancer patient blood using an enrichment-free detection method (2011)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been implicated as a potential population of cells that may seed metastasis in cancer patients. In order to characterize and understand this population of cells, an enrichment-free immunofluorescence detection method was developed by our lab. This method take whole patient blood and classifies cells based on cytokeratin (CTCs) and CD45 (WBCs) antibody staining. Using this CTC detection method, a population of cells residing in tumor cell aggregates was observed in blood draws from Stage IV breast cancer patients. It was previously observed in ex vivo mouse experiments that homotypic aggregate formation of tumor cells may increase metastatic efficiency (Glinsky, et al., Cancer Research, 2003). In this work, we seek to determine if a significant proportion of CTCs reside in homotypic aggregates in patient blood by enumerating CTC aggregates from the blood draws of 23 Stage IV breast cancer patients and 16 healthy donor patients. Preliminary analysis measuring associations of CTCs with other nucleated cells found in patient blood draws revealed that ∼43% of cytokeratin-positive (CK+) cells found in breast cancer patient samples localize with either other CK+ or white blood cells (WBCs) versus 14% in healthy donor patient samples. Furthermore, ∼19% of WBCs were found to be associated with either CK+ or other WBCs in breast cancer patient samples versus ∼7% in healthy donor patient samples. Pathological review confirming CK+ cells as CTCs revealed that of the CTCs detected in patient blood after pathological review, ∼2% of CTCs were found as homotypic aggregates versus ∼0.07% in healthy donor samples (p=0.0005). Four breast cancer patients were found to have no CTC aggregates. Two breast cancer patients had significantly higher than average CTC aggregate percentages (∼6% and ∼7%). Patients will continue to be monitored to measure any differences in disease outcome of patients with high incidence of CTC aggregates versus patients with low incidence of CTC aggregates and healthy donors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5225
Interactive plan hints for query optimization (2009)

Commercial database systems expose query hints to fix poor plans produced by the query optimizer. However, current query hints are not flexible enough to deal with a variety of non-trivial scenarios, and can be at times cumbersome for DBAs to interact with. In this demonstration we present a framework that enables visual specification of hints to influence the optimizer to pick better plans. Our framework goes considerably beyond existing hinting mechanisms and significantly improves the usability of such functionality.
Evaluation of Nanoscale Additives to Improve Sludge Conditioning and Dewatering (2009)

Evaluation of Nanoscale Additives to Improve Sludge Conditioning and DewateringPolymer-aided sludge dewatering still remains very complex. Recent emergence of nanotechnology provides new materials (nanoadditives) and tools to monitor naturally occurring sub-micron scale suspended particles, that can help bridge the knowledge gap in dewatering processes. This study is a first step in this effort. In this study bench-scale tests were performed to evaluate the impact of...Author(s)Ganesh RajagopalanMathew J. HigginsRanqing OuGanesh SkandanSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 13 - DewateringDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:3L.771;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793846655Volume / Issue2009 / 3Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)771 - 781Copyright2009Word count80Subject keywordsSludge dewateringconditioningnanomaterialsnano aluminananosilica
The use of resonant scattering to identify stone fracture in shock wave lithotripsy (2006)

There is currently little feedback as to whether kidney stones have fractured during shock wave lithotripsy. Resonant scattering of the lithotripter shock wave was used here to differentiate intact and fractured stone models in water. Scattering, including reflection and radiation due to reverberation from within the stone, was calculated numerically with linear elasticity theory and agreed well with measurements made with a focused receiver. Identification of fracture was possible through frequency analysis, where scatter from fractured stones was characterized by higher energy in distinct bands. High-speed photography concurrent with measurement indicated the effect was not due to cavitation.
M-Lock: Accelerating Distributed Transactions on Key-Value Stores through Dynamic Lock Localization (2013)

Scalable distributed data-stores are increasingly used for storing large datasets in diverse applications. The need for transactional support in these applications has motivated several recent efforts. A common theme underlying these efforts is the creation of disjoint groups of objects (entity-groups) on which efficient local transactional support is provided using multi-version concurrency control. A lock-based protocol is used to support distributed transactions across entity-groups. A significant drawback of this scheme is that the latency of distributed transactions increases with the number of entity-groups it operates on. This is due to the commit overhead of local transactions, and network overhead due to distributed locks. We address this problem using lock-localization -- locks for distributed objects are dynamically migrated and placed in distinct entity-groups in the same datastore. This reduces the overhead of multiple local transactions while acquiring locks. Application-oriented clustering of locks in these new entity-groups leads to a decrease in network overhead. Separating locks from data in this manner, however, affects the latency of local transactions. To account for this, we propose protocols and policies for selective, adaptive, and dynamic migration of locks. Using TPC-C benchmark, we provide detailed evaluation of the system.
i-MIRROR: A Software Managed Die-Stacked DRAM-Based Memory Subsystem (2015)

This paper presents an operating system managed die-stacked DRAM called i-MIRROR that mirrors high locality pages from off-chip DRAM. Optimizing the problems of reducing cache tag area, reducing transfer bandwidth and improving hit latency altogether while using die-stacked DRAM as hardware cache is extremely challenging. In this paper, we show that performance and energy efficiency can be obtained by software management of die-stacked DRAM, which eliminates the need for tags, the source of aforementioned problems. In the proposed scheme, the operating system loads pages from disks to die-stacked DRAM on a page fault at the same time as they are loaded to off-chip DRAM. Our scheme maintains the pages in off-chip and die-stacked DRAM in a synchronized/mirrored state by exploiting the parallel loading capability to die-stacked and off-chip DRAM from the disk. This eliminates the need for physical page movement to the slower off-chip DRAM upon eviction from die-stacked DRAM. Requests for pages that got evicted from die-stacked DRAM are simply serviced by the slower off-chip DRAM to prevent frequent data movements of large pages and thrashing between conflicting pages. The operating system periodically monitors the usage of the pages in off-chip DRAM and promotes high locality pages to die-stacked DRAM. Our evaluations show that the proposed hardware-assisted software-managed i-MIRROR scheme achieves an IPC improvement of 13% while consuming 6% less energy than prior state-of-the-art die-stacked caching schemes and 79% improvement in terms of IPC and 72% in terms of energy savings over systems without die-stacked DRAM support.
Method For Detecting The Presence Of A Ferromagnetic Object (2000)

A method for detecting a presence or an absence of a ferromagnetic object within a sensing area may comprise the steps of sensing, during a sample time, a magnetic field adjacent the sensing area; producing surveillance data representative of the sensed magnetic field; determining an absolute value difference between a maximum datum and a minimum datum comprising the surveillance data; and determining whether the absolute value difference has a positive or negative sign. The absolute value difference and the corresponding positive or negative sign thereof forms a representative surveillance datum that is indicative of the presence or absence in the sensing area of the ferromagnetic material.
An active piezoelectric energy extraction method for pressure energy harvesting (2012)

This paper presents an energy harvesting technique to power autonomous systems and more particularly active implantable medical devices. We employ a piezoelectric diaphragm placed in a fluidic environment such as blood subjected to very low frequency (2 Hz) pressure variations that is deflected in a quasi-static manner and transduces mechanical energy into electrical energy. In order to maximize energy generation and to get the most out of a given piezoelectric device, we propose to apply an optimized method to extract the piezoelectrically generated charge through the application of a controlled voltage. We believe that this method could be one of the improvement levers to achieve self-powered miniaturized implants. An analytical model is presented and shows that within its validity domain, the extracted energy is proportional to the desired applied voltage. Taking power electronics losses into account can yield a theoretical increase in the extracted energy of several thousand per cent. Experimental measurements in a pressure chamber have been carried out whose results corroborate the proposed model. For the tested setup, the application of a 10 V peak amplitude square-wave voltage increased the extracted energy by a factor of nine compared to a classical rectifier-based energy harvesting method.
<title>Monitoring range of visibility using machine vision</title> (1995)

This paper describes a method for determining the range of visibility of a driver or observer with normal vision by means of analyzing image sequences. The scope of application of such a range-finding system can be seen on the one hand as a source of information to assist the human driver in cases of poor visibility, and on the other hand as part of a higher decision- making stage in an image-based automatic vehicle guidance system. For safe vehicle guidance these systems require information concerning visibility conditions in order to produce reliable interpretations of image data. The system may also be of some help in the developement of vehicles where it could serve as a tool concerning headlamp technology.
Multi-Person Motion Tracking via RF Body Reflections (2014)

Abstract – Recently, we have witnessed the emergence of technologies that can localize a user and track her gestures based purely on radio reflections off the person’s body. These technologies work even if the user is behind a wall or ob-struction. However, for these technologies to be fully prac-tical, they need to address major challenges such as scaling to multiple people, accurately localizing them and tracking their gestures, and localizing static users as opposed to re-quiring the user to move to be detectable. This paper presents WiZ, the first multi-person centimeter-scale motion tracking system that pinpoints people’s locations based purely on RF reflections off their bodies. WiZ can also locate static users by sensing minute changes in their RF reflections due to breathing. Further, it can track concurrent gestures made by different individuals, even when they carry no wireless device on them. We implement a prototype of WiZ and show that it can localize up to five users each with a median accuracy of 8-18 cm and 7-11 cm in the x and y dimensions respec-tively. WiZ can also detect 3D pointing gestures of multiple users with a median orientation error of 8 − 16 ◦ for each of them. Finally, WiZ can track breathing motion and output the breath count of multiple people with high accuracy. 1.
Recent advances in quantum cascade laser research and novel applications (2003)

Continuous wave (CW) operation of quantum cascade lasers is reported up to a temperature of 312 K. The junction down mounted devices were designed as buried heterostructure lasers with high-reflection coatings on both facets. This resulted in CW operation at an emission wavelength of 9.1μm with an optical power ranging from 17 mW at 293 K to 3 mW at 312 K. A distributed feedback type device was fabricated and tested as well. It showed CW singlemode operation up to 260 K. These results demonstrate the potential of quantum cascade lasers as CW mid-infrared light sources for high-resolution spectroscopy and free space telecommunication systems.
Elimination of Marker Genes From Transgenic Plants Using MAT Vector Systems (2004)

We have developed an efficient system (Multi-Auto-Transformation [MAT] vectors) for the removal of marker genes and to increase the regeneration frequency of transgenic crops without using antibiotic selection, reducing their possible environmental impact. The MAT vector system is designed to use the oncogenes (ipt, iaaM/H, rol) of Agrobacterium, which control the endogenous levels of plant hormones and the cell responses to plant growth regulators, to differentiate transgenic cells, and to select marker-free transgenic plants. The oncogenes are combined with the site-specific recombination system (R/RS). At transformation, the oncogenes regenerate transgenic plants and then are removed by the R/RS system to generate marker-free transgenic plants. The choice of a promoter for the oncogenes and the recombinase (R) gene, the state of plant materials and the tissue culture conditions greatly affect efficiency of both the regeneration of transgenic plants and the generation of marker-free plants. We have evaluated these conditions in several plant species to increase their generation efficiency. This chapter describes our transformation protocols using MAT vectors.
Heat as a contrast agent to enhance thermal imaging of blood vessels (2013)

In this study we test the feasibility of using low-cost LEDs to selectivity heat blood for enhanced thermal imaging of vascular structures. Applications of this new imaging technique include mapping blood vessels during surgeries such as tumor removal and vascular repair. In addition, this technique could potentially be used to determine the location of increased vascular density, and thus breast cancer tumors. Porcine blood, skeletal muscle, skin and fat were illuminated with LEDs that emit at 405 nm and 530 nm (near the blood absorption peaks) and the increase in temperature as a function of time was recorded using a thermal camera. In the studies with the 530 nm LED, blood heated more than other tissue types and the heating rate for the blood was significantly faster than other tissues. Illumination of blood with the 530 nm LED at low powers (tissue irradiance <500 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) will selectively heat blood with no damage to surrounding tissue. Illumination with the 405 nm LED produced large temperature changes (up to 15°C) at low LED powers (tissue irradiance <500 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). The heating and heating rates measured with this LED were higher than those measured for the 530nm LED. However, blood, skin and fat showed comparable amounts of heating and heating rates. The amount of heating in muscle tissue was dependent on the skeletal muscle type, but most samples showed heating comparable to or larger than blood. This LED was not effective at selectively heating blood relative to the other tissue types. The results of the preliminary studies suggest that the best contrast can be achieved with pulsed 530 nm LED illumination and an image analysis method that highlights rapid changes in temperature.