gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2516: Immunohistochemical characterization of a novel, highly sensitive monoclonal antibody to folate receptor α (2012)

Abstract Background: Folate receptor ≤ (FRα) has restricted expression in normal tissues but high-level expression in a subset of epithelial-derived tumors, including non-mucinous ovarian carcinomas and non-small cell lung (NSCL) adenocarcinomas. FRα has shown significant potential for targeted cancer therapy and several promising agents are in late-stage clinical development. As such, robust reagents are needed that can be used across diverse diagnostic platforms to identify patients who have FRα-expressing tumors. The immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization of a novel, high-affinity monoclonal antibody (MAb) against FRα is described. Methods: MAbs were generated to modified full-length FRα protein using standard methods. One MAb, 26B3.F2, displayed high affinity and the ability to bind FRα on both fresh/frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. An optimized IHC protocol was developed and FRα expression was assessed on commercial tissue microarrays (US Biomax). Data were analyzed using an M-score, a newly introduced, weighted-intensity score that incorporates both the proportion of FRα-positive cells and the staining intensity. A board-certified pathologist scored the level of FRα expression. Results: Normal tissue staining for MAb 26B3.F2 demonstrated a limited distribution on focal epithelial surfaces of pancreas, lung, salivary gland, kidney, hypophysis, thyroid, and breast samples. Staining was mainly located in the lumen. The tissue distribution is consistent with the published literature. Strong staining was observed in 100% of serous ovarian samples and a significant proportion of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples. FRα expression, as determined by MAb 26B3.F2 in NSCL cancer samples, demonstrated high discrimination between adenocarcinoma (positive) and squamous cell carcinomas (negative) (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: MAb 26B3.F2 is a highly sensitive, robust agent suitable for identifying FRα expression by IHC and other diagnostic platforms. In addition to the expected distribution in normal tissue, MAb 26B3.F2 revealed high-level expression of FRα in ovarian cancer and NSCL adenocarcinoma samples, and the ability to discriminate differential expression between two NSCL cancer subtypes, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Preliminary evidence therefore suggests that MAb 26B3.F2 IHC will be a useful tool to support further development of FRα-targeted therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2516. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2516
High-Precision Ldpc Codes Decoding At The Lowest Complexity (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Adaptive Interferometry for High-Sensitivity Optical Fiber Sensing (2016)

Adaptive holographic interferometry is a promising method for high-sensitivity phase modulation measurements in the presence of slow perturbations from the environment. This technique is based on the use of a nonlinear recombining medium. Here, we report the use of an adaptive holographic interferometer based on an optically addressed spatial light modulator. Owing to the physical mechanisms involved, the interferometer adapts to slow phase variations within a range of 5-10 Hz. Moreover, owing to the basic principle of holography, this technique can be used with complex wave fronts such as the speckled field reflected by a highly scattering surface or the optical field at the output of a multimode optical fiber. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally, that using a multimode optical fiber as sensing element, rather than a single mode fiber, allows improving the interferometer phase sensitivity. Finally, we present a phase-OTDR optical fiber sensor using the adaptive holographic interferometer.
Human CD4+ T cell recent thymic emigrants are identified by protein tyrosine kinase 7 and have reduced immune function (2009)

CD4(+) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) comprise a clinically and immunologically important T cell population that indicates thymic output and that is essential for maintaining a diverse alphabeta-T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the naive CD4(+) T cell compartment. However, their frequency and function are poorly understood because no known surface markers distinguish them from older non-RTE naive CD4(+) T cells. We demonstrate that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a novel marker for human CD4(+) RTEs. Consistent with their recent thymic origin, human PTK7(+) RTEs contained higher levels of signal joint TCR gene excision circles and were more responsive to interleukin (IL)-7 compared with PTK7(-) naive CD4(+) T cells, and rapidly decreased after complete thymectomy. Importantly, CD4(+) RTEs proliferated less and produced less IL-2 and interferon-gamma than PTK7(-) naive CD4(+) T cells after alphabeta-TCR/CD3 and CD28 engagement. This immaturity in CD4(+) RTE effector function may contribute to the reduced CD4(+) T cell immunity observed in contexts in which CD4(+) RTEs predominate, such as in the fetus and neonate or after immune reconstitution. The ability to identify viable CD4(+) RTEs by PTK7 staining should be useful for monitoring thymic output in both healthy individuals and in patients with genetic or acquired CD4(+) T cell immunodeficiencies.
Unsupervised Learning of Discriminative Edge Measures for Vehicle Matching between Non-Overlapping Cameras (2005)

This paper proposes a method for matching road vehicles between two non-overlapping cameras. The matching problem is formulated as a same-different classification problem: probability of two observations from two distinct cameras being from the same vehicle or from different vehicles. We employ a measurement vector consists of three independent edge-based measures and their associated robust measures computed from a pair of aligned vehicle edge maps. The weight of each match measure in the final decision is determined by a unsupervised learning process so that the same-different classification can be optimally separated in the combined measurement space. The robustness of the match measures and the use of discriminant analysis in the classification ensure that the proposed method performs better than existing edge-based approaches, especially in the presence of missing/false edges caused by shadows and different illumination conditions, and systematic misalignment caused by different camera configurations. Extensive experiments based on real data of over 200 vehicles at different times of day demonstrate promising results.
A new method for optimizing crt configuration based on peak endocardial acceleration (2005)

As alternative to standard Doppler echocardiographic methods, an implantable hemodynamic sensor to measure Peak Endocardial Acceleration (PEA) signal may guide CRT optimisation and reprogramming not only at implant time but also in the follow-up. A new method based on the assessment of the area of PEA curve (PEAarea) versus AV delay (AVD) is proposed to program the optimal CRT configuration. During AVD scanning, PEA depends both on A-wave transmitral flow, directly linked to mitral leaflets opening, and on contractility (Left Ventricle (LV) dP/dtmax): a wider PEAarea corresponds to a greater improvement of cardiac function. to evaluate a new method to optimise CRT pacing configuration by maximizing the PEAarea during AVD scanning. a biventricular pacemaker (Living CHF, Sorin) connected to a PEA sensor lead was implanted in 4 patients with impaired LV function (NYHA class III or IV, QRS>150ms). At each pacing configuration (LV,BiV0,LR12,LR40,RL12,RL40), AVD scanning ranging from 60 to 220 ms was performed. A pressure catheter (CD-Leycom) inserted in the LV was used to provide LVdP/dtmax at each pacing configuration. PEAarea was estimated as the mean of PEA values during AVD scanning and for each pacing configuration it was compared to the mean of LVdP/dtmax values during AVD scanning. In all patients the optimal pacing configuration suggested by the maximum value of PEAarea corresponded to the greatest hemodynamic improvement, as indicated by LV dP/dtmax. PEAarea is an helpful and innovative parameter to automatically guide optimisation of CRT configuration at implant and during follow-up. The maximization of PEAarea reflects an enhancement of both transmitral Doppler flow and contractility.
Construction of short block length irregular low-density parity-check codes (2004)

We present a construction algorithm for short block length irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Based on a novel interpretation of stopping sets in terms of the parity-check matrix, we present an approximate trellis-based search algorithm that detects many stopping sets. Growing the parity check matrix by a combination of random generation and the trellis-based search, we obtain codes that possess error floors orders of magnitude below randomly constructed codes and significantly better than other comparable constructions.
Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Identifies High Glucose Levels as a Stimulus for Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Other Genes in Human Mesangial Cells (1999)

Accumulation of mesangial matrix is a pivotal event in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The molecular triggers for matrix production are still being defined. Here, suppression subtractive hybridization identified 15 genes differentially induced when primary human mesangial cells are exposed to high glucose (30 mM versus 5 mM) in vitro. These genes included (a) known regulators of mesangial cell activation in diabetic nephropathy (fibronectin, caldesmon, thrombospondin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), (b) novel genes, and (c) known genes whose induction by high glucose has not been reported. Prominent among the latter were genes encoding cytoskeleton-associated proteins and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a modulator of fibroblast matrix production. In parallel experiments, elevated CTGF mRNA levels were demonstrated in glomeruli of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Mannitol provoked less mesangial cell CTGF expression in vitro than high glucose, excluding hyperosmolality as the key stimulus. The addition of recombinant CTGF to cultured mesangial cells enhanced expression of extracellular matrix proteins. High glucose stimulated expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), and addition of TGF-beta1 to mesangial cells triggered CTGF expression. CTGF expression induced by high glucose was partially suppressed by anti-TGF-beta1 antibody and by the protein kinase C inhibitor GF 109203X. Together, these data suggest that 1) high glucose stimulates mesangial CTGF expression by TGFbeta1-dependent and protein kinase C dependent pathways, and 2) CTGF may be a mediator of TGFbeta1-driven matrix production within a diabetic milieu.
High numerical aperture designs for EUV projection lithography (1998)

Several different projection optics concepts currently exist for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography. Typically, these ring field systems have a numerical aperture at the image/wafer of 0.1 and will resolve 0.1 µm features at 13.4 nm. These systems are unobscured three or four mirror anastigmats. Since the designs were conceived to satisfy a resolution requirement of 0.1 µm, the forms do not exploit the full resolution potential of the extreme ultraviolet wavelengths between 11.3 and 13.5 nm. Higher numerical aperture optical designs are needed to take advantage of these short wavelengths.
Transgenic Sheep from Cultured Cells (2003)

Recent progress in the production of mammals by nuclear transfer using donor nuclei from cultured cell populations has provided a novel route for genetic manipulation. The technique of nuclear transfer allows the production of offspring by the reconstruction of an embryo. Genetic material from a donor cell (karyoplast) is transferred to a suitable recipient cell from which the nuclear or genomic genetic material has been removed. In the first demonstrations of this technique, successful development was obtained only when the donor genetic material was taken from apparently undifferentiated cells or blastomeres from early embryos (for a review see ref. ). Subsequently, development has been obtained using donor genetic material from differentiated cells maintained in culture and isolated from embryonic () fetal and adult animals (). More recently, live offspring have been obtained in the mouse using quiescent cell populations derived directly ex vivo as nuclear donors (). The successful use of differentiated cells has now been demonstrated in sheep, cattle, and mice.
Computational Study of Hybrid Cooling Solution for Thermal Management of Data Centers (2007)

The power trend for server systems continues to grow thereby making thermal management of data centers a very challenging task. Although various configurations exist, the raised floor plenum with Computer Room Air Conditioners (CRACs) providing cold air is a popular operating strategy. In prior work, numerous data center layouts employing raised floor plenum and the impact of design parameters such as plenum depth, ceiling height, cold isle location, tile openings and others on thermal performance of data center were presented. The air cooling of data center however, may not address the situation where more energy is expended in cooling infrastructure than the thermal load of data center. Revised power trend projections by ASHRAE TC 9.9 predict heat loads as high as 5000W per square feet of compute servers’ equipment footprint by year 2010. These trend charts also indicate that heat load per product footprint has doubled for storage servers during 2000–2004. For the same period, heat load per product footprint for compute servers has tripled. Amongst the systems that are currently available and being shipped, many racks exceed 20kW. Such high heat loads have raised concerns over air cooling limits of data centers similar to that of microprocessors. A hybrid cooling strategy that incorporates liquid cooling along with air cooling can be very efficient in such situations. The impact of such an operating strategy on thermal management of data center is discussed in this paper. A representative data center is modeled using commercially available CFD code. The change in rack temperature gradients, recirculation cells and CRAC demand due to use of hybrid cooling is presented in a detailed parametric study. It is shown that the hybrid cooling strategy improves the cooling of data center which may enable full population of rack and better management of system infrastructure.
An exact non-enumerative fault simulator for path-delay faults (2002)

The present an efficient path-delay fault (PDF) simulator that does not involve enumeration of paths. Our method calculates the exact fault coverage, and identifies all tested faults in any circuit with a large number of paths. We present a new data structure, called the Path-Status Graph (PSG), to efficiently hold the status of each PDP in the circuit, i.e., whether or not the PDF is tested. The key to this efficiency is in breaking the information into pieces and distributing it over the data structure and in retaining all or part of the reconverging fanout structure of the circuit in the PSG. Thus, an exponential number of PDFs can share the same piece of information. Using one thousand random tests, we simulated all of the approximately 10/sup 20/ PDFs in the circuit c6288 and determined that 4.4 billion faults were detected. This number is larger by over three orders of magnitude compared to what was possible with previously reported methods.
Thermal inkjet: a review (1992)

The first public demonstration of thermal ink jet printing was done by Canon in 1981 and the first thermal ink jet product, ThinkJet, was introduced by the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1984. Since then, this powerful printing technology has assumed a strong presence in the market. In this discussion, we will first briefly review the printer market, the increasing role thermal ink jet is playing in this arena, as well as the reasons for its success.
Sigma-delta analog to digital converter architecture based upon a modulator design employing a mirrored integrator (2004)

We present a method to increase the resolution and stability of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ analog to digital converters in which the entire /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator is enclosed in a chopper-stabilization (CHS) structure. Simulations of the proposed architecture show that the effects of integrator opamp non-idealities (1/f noise, DC offset and drift) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) DC offset and even-order distortion harmonics are eliminated and that the effect of integrator saturation distortion is reduced by up to 27dB in comparison to existing designs. Finally, the proposed architecture may be realized in a single-ended design enabling area-conservative circuit layouts.
Monolithically integrated laser/photodetector (1988)

The fabrication and performance characteristics of a laser structure with monolithically integrated monitoring photodiode are described. The structure utilises semi-insulating Fe doped InP layers for confinement of the current to the active region of the laser and for the separation of the laser and the photodetector sections. The lasers have threshold currents in the range 30–40 mA and emit in a single frequency by virtue of frequency selective feedback, provided by a grating etched on the substrate. The photodetector provides ⋍300/μA of photocurrent per mW of laser power which is comparable to the value for a large area Ge photodiode generally used to monitor laser power. The new structure also minimises the unwanted reflection effects on laser performance caused by light reflected from the photodiode interface.
An Rf Focused Interdigital Ion Accelerating Structure (2003)

An Rf Focused Interdigital (RFI) ion accelerating structure will be described. It represents an effective combination of the Wideröe (or interdigital) linac structure, used for many low frequency, heavy ion applications, and the rf electric quadrupole focusing used in the RFQ and RFD linac structures. As in the RFD linac structure, rf focusing is introduced into the RFI linac structure by configuring the drift tubes as two independent pieces operating at different electrical potentials as determined by the rf fields of the linac structure. Each piece (or electrode) of the RFI drift tube supports two fingers pointed inwards towards the opposite end of the drift tube forming a four‐finger geometry that produces an rf quadrupole field along the axis of the linac for focusing the beam. However, because of the differences in the rf field configuration along the axis, the scheme for introducing rf focusing into the interdigital linac structure is quite different from that adopted for the RFD linac structure. The RFI linac structure promises to have significant size, efficiency, performance, and cost advantages over existing linac structures for the acceleration of low energy ion beams of all masses (light to heavy). These advantages will be reviewed. A “cold model” of this new linac structure has been fabricated and the results of rf cavity measurements on this cold model will be presented.
Special issue paper. Preparation of sodium borosilicate glass fibre for optical communication (1976)

Sodium borosilicate glasses have been prepared from high-purity materials, with absorption losses between 5 and 6 dB/km. Continuous production of fibre from these glasses using the double-crucible technique has given fibre with losses as low as 10.5 dB/km at 800 nm. The loss mechanisms in the fibre have been investigated and the reproducibility of the process studied.
Segmentation and removal of pulmonary arteries, veins and left atrial appendage for visualizing coronary and bypass arteries (2012)

In this paper we present an automatic heart segmentation system for helping the diagnosis of the coronary artery diseases (CAD). The goal is to visualize the heart from a cardiac CT image with pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries and left atrial appendage removed so that doctors can clearly see major coronary artery trees, aorta and bypass arteries if exist. The system combines model-based detection framwork with data-driven post-refinements to create voxel-based heart mask for the visualization. The marginal space learning [6] algorithm is used to detect mesh or landmark models of different heart anatomies in the CT image. Guided by such detected models, local data-driven refinements are added to produce precise boundaries of the heart mask. The system is fully automatic and can process a 3D cardiac CT volume within 5 seconds.
High-quality organic electro-optic single crystalline thin films for integrated optics based on configurationally locked polyene (2007)

We present a novel approach on organic nonlinear optical crystals based on configurationally locked polyene (CLP) nonlinear optical chromophores. To obtain a large molecular second-order nonlinearity the long conjugated polyene chromophores provide one of the most effective pathways for efficient charge derealization between donor and acceptor groups. The CLP chromophores consist of pi-conjugated hexatriene bridge between dialkylamino or methoxy electron donors and dicyanomethylidene electron acceptor. We investigated the crystal engineering of organic configurationally locked polyene (CLP) crystals by co-crystallization and tailor-made auxiliaries. This offers more design feasibilities as one or both constituent molecules can be modified to fit one another and to acquire the desirable macroscopic properties in the solid state.
Catalytic hydroxylation of benzene over transition-metal substituted hexagonal mesoporous silicas (1996)

Ti-, V-, Cr-, Mo-, and Mn-substituted hexagonal mesoporous silicas prepared at ambient temperature by electrostatic (S+ X–I+) and neutral (S0 I0) surfactant templating pathways are catalytically active for the peroxide hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in the absence of a solvent.
Double-clad fiber coupler for endoscopy (2010)

We present a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) for use in endoscopy to reduce speckle contrast, increase signal collection and depth of field. The DCFC is made by fusing and tapering two all silica double-clad fiber (DCF) and allows achromatic transmission of >95% of core illumination (1265nm - 1325nm) as well as collection of >42% of inner cladding diffuse light. Its potential for endoscopy is demonstrated in a spectrally encoded imaging setup which shows speckle reduction by a factor 5, increased signal collection by a factor 9 and enhanced depth of field by 1.8 times. Separation by the DCFC of single- and multi-mode signals allows combining low-speckle reflectance images (25.5 fps) with interferometrically measured depth profiles (post-processed) for of small three-dimensional (3D) features through an all-fiber low loss instrument.
Categorization of display ads using image and landing page features (2011)

We consider the problem of automatically categorizing display ad images into a taxonomy of relevant interest categories. In particular, we focus on the efficacy of using image features extracted by OCR techniques from the ad images, in addition to the features from the text in the title, keywords and body of the landing page of the ad, and the features of the advertiser, in predicting the category of the display ad. An automated ad categorization tool has multiple uses in display advertising including increasing the ad categorization coverage, scaling up the ad categorization capacity to handle large volumes of ads by reducing the amount of human editorial effort and better utilizing the human editorial experts to focus on categorizing difficult ads. The ad image and landing page features extracted in this ad categorization system can also be used to improve the matching and ranking steps of ad selection algorithms in display ad serving systems.