gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Benchmark Suite for Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems (2002)

Building a distributed publish/subscribe infrastructure amounts to defining a service model (or interface) and providing an implementation for it. A typical distributed implementation is architected as a network of dispatcher components, each one implementing appropriate protocols and algorithms, that collectively realize the chosen service model. The service model should provide a value-added service for a wide variety of applications, while the implementation should gracefully scale up to handle an intense traffic of publications and subscriptions. We believe that the design of such service models and implementations must be guided by a systematic evaluation method, which in turns must be based on a carefully chosen benchmark suite. In this paper, we lay out a set of requirements for a benchmark suite for distributed publish/subscribe services, and we outline its primary components. The ideas proposed in this paper are based on our own experience in building and studying publish/subscribe infrastructures, and on existing evaluation frameworks. 1 Evaluating a Distributed Publish/Subscribe Service Within a publish/subscribe service, information flows from publishers to subscribers according to the specific selection criteria expressed by individual subscribers. Subscribers express their interests by means of subscriptions, while publishers simply publish information. The service accepts subscriptions and publications,
Effects of Supersaturation on the Crystal Structure of Gold Seeded III−V Nanowires (2008)

We present results that provide fundamental insights on how to experimentally tailor the planar defect density and even the crystal structure in III−V metal particle seeded nanowires, where zinc blende is the stable bulk crystal structure. We have grown GaP nanowires with metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy under different conditions: pulsing of the Ga source, and continuous growth with and without In background. The dominant crystal structure of the nanowires is zinc blende, which when grown under continuous conditions has a high density of twin planes perpendicular to the growth direction. Using pulsed growth, we observed that the twin plane separations were much longer than those observed for continuous growth with an In background. On the other hand, during continuous growth, under In-free conditions, a considerable amount of the wurtzite phase forms. We explain the importance of the In background during growth. With classical nucleation modeling we qualitatively relate the density of planar defects in a nanowire to the growth conditions. For low supersaturations, we predict a low twin plane density, consistent with our experimental observations of pulsed nanowire growth. In addition, we suggest that under certain conditions, it might be possible to grow wires with almost perfect wurtzite structure.
QR Code Detection Based on Local Features (2014)

2D barcode detection is the initial step for barcode content identification, which is critical for its wide application. A great deal of effort has been made in recent years to develop 2D barcode detection methods. However, less attention has been paid to locate 2D barcode within large background areas. In this paper, a QR (Quick Response) 2D barcode detection method is proposed, which utilizes LBP (Local Binary Pattern) and image contour features. Experiments demonstrate the superior detection accuracy and speed of the method.
The role of the magnocellular pathway in serial deployment of visual attention (2004)

Normal human visual function often demands detection of a target among a number of other objects cluttering the scene, such as when searching for a known face in a crowd. In these and similar tasks, the search performed is a serial one, with an attentional spotlight scanning the objects of the scene. We have investigated whether one of the afferent channels in vision, the colour-blind magnocellular pathway, is essential in such serial searches. We did this by using items that were isoluminant with the background but of a different colour, for which the magnocellular cells would be blind. The search in these conditions required much longer reaction times than when even a very small luminance contrast (2%) was added to the items. Because such luminance contrasts can be detected only by magnocellular cells and not by neurons of the other channels (parvocellular and koniocellular), the magnocellular pathway appears vitally important for serial search. In contrast, in a feature search task, which does not require allocation of attentional resources, the search was as efficient with isoluminance as when luminance contrast was added to the items.
Developmental regulation of spinal motoneurons by monoaminergic nerve fibers. (1997)

1. In rats, both diameter and area of the cell bodies of spinal MNs increase rapidly during the first few postnatal weeks and slowly thereafter. The total dendritic length, radial extent and arbor area of spinal MNs also increase significantly throughout the first few postnatal weeks. This development is coincident with motor development in rat, which progresses rapidly during the first two to four weeks of life. The dendritic length and radial extent of spinal MNs increase more significantly in the cervical cord than in the lumbar cord throughout the first three postnatal days, and are possibly related to the motor development, with a rostro-caudal gradient. 2. All monoaminergic neurons projecting their axons to the spinal cord are located in the brainstem. namely in the locus coeruleus, the subcoeruleus and the medulla raphe nuclei in rats. The NA neurons of the locus coeruleus begin to be detected at ED 10-13, slightly earlier than the 5HT neurons in the raphe nuclei, which are first detected at ED 13. At ED 16, the NA fibers are seen in the ventral funiculus only at the cervical level, and many NA fibers are seen in the ventral horns at all levels at ED 18. The 5HT fibers reach the caudalmost levels of spinal cord by ED 16-17, which is earlier than NA fibers; this occurs in spite of the earlier ontogeny of NA neurons in the locus coeruleus than that of 5HT neurons in the raphe nuclei. 3. The monoamine system is thought to exert a variety of modulatory effects on target neurons during both pre- and postnatal periods, and many reports support the idea that monoamine systems have a "neurotrophic effect." On the other hand, important roles of NA and 5HT in MN activity and/or motor behavior have also been reported. It is suggested, therefore, that monoaminergic systems play important roles in motor development through a two-step mechanism: during early developmental stage. monoaminergic systems mainly act as neurotrophic agents on spinal MNs, which are the final motor output neurons; thereafter, they mainly play neuromodulatory roles on MN activities.
Operational and Safety-based Analyses of Varied Toll Lane Configurations (2023)

Toll plaza operation is a critical component of roadway operations throughout the United States, as tolls provide both revenue for expansion and opportunity for demand management. Originally cash or physical currency based, tolling has morphed to meet the twentieth century demand in terms of throughput and efficiency in the form of electronic toll collection. Electronic tolling has introduced a new form of driver decision making at toll plazas due to the additional payment choice. Despite the user convenience these facilities provide to consumers, this form of collection has not come without safety and operational concerns. Confusion at the toll plaza, unsafe merging maneuvers, and the unexpected behavior has actually increased certain crash patterns at toll plazas in some electronic tolling facilities. Building upon existing research, further work was completed to quantify the related impacts of electronic toll collection on traffic operations through a microsimulation model, and static evaluation study.\nWhile in Massachusetts overall toll plaza crashes are a minimal portion of 200,000 crashes each year in the Commonwealth at less than 0.1 percent of all crashes some toll plazas have higher crash rates than the state wide urban interstate average. Interchange 14 in Weston, Massachusetts had the highest crash rate among state toll plazas. Rear-end and same direction sideswipe collisions accounted for the highest crash numbers between the years 2010 and 2012.\nMicrosimulation of various lane configurations derived from static evaluation feedback on driver decision making created six alternate configurations. Current plaza configuration was verified by the validated VISSIM microsimulation model to be the highest performing in terms of efficiency. A lane configuration with grouped payment lanes provided the best overall performance for alternatives with less than 1 percent difference from the current West Springfield interchange configuration.\nStatic evaluation and microsimulation results pointed to increased efficiency and safety benefits with combination lanes. Additionally, drivers tended to avoid following heavy vehicles through plaza lanes. Motorists were willing to make up to 3 lane changes to avoid queues and may avoid combination lanes as an electronic toll customer if they anticipate a greater delay than an adjacent dedicated electronic lane.\nRecommendations for future research include: 1) further microsimulation modeling to examine traffic flow and safety impacts at toll plazas under varying traffic conditions and demand with open road tolling lanes strategies; and 2) developing enhancements to VISSIM to address parameter limitations associated with discrete choice modeling at toll plazas.
Allosteric Inactivation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) by Inhibiting Its Adapter Protein: Embryonic Ectodomain Development (EED) (2017)

Aberrant PRC2 activity produces gene repressive epigenetic marks in multiple diseases and led to identification of Ezh2 as a drug target. Recent studies have shown that the epigenetic reader protein EED, associated with Ezh2 in PRC2, has an additional function to stimulate the PRC2 activity after binding to H3K27me3. Optimizing a compound known to block the H3K27me3 site in EED discovered by in-house screening, Novartis scientists have now produced a compound that shows durable tumor regression in a lymphoma xenograft model.
Probing the effect of the amidinium group and the phenyl ring on the thermodynamics of binding of benzamidinium chloride to trypsin (2004)

The effect of the amidinium group and the phenyl ring on the thermodynamics of binding of benzamidinium chloride to the serine proteinase trypsin has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. Binding studies with benzylammonium chloride, [small alpha]-methylbenzylammonium chloride and benzamide, compounds structurally related to benzamidinium chloride, showed that hydrogen bonding between the amidinium group and the enzyme is primarily enthalpy-driven. Binding of cyclohexylcarboxamidinium chloride and acetamidinium chloride showed that the hydrophobic binding of the phenyl ring in the S1 pocket is primarily entropy-driven and that a rigid, flat hydrophobic binding site for the inhibitor is favourable. The compounds that have been studied over a range of temperatures exhibit a negative change in heat capacity upon binding and enthalpy-entropy compensation, both characteristic of hydrophobic interactions.
Gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone (2004)

Gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against Gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC 90 ) values against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella spp., with MIC 90 values reported to be 0.016-0.06, < 0.0008-0.06, 0.008-0.3, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.016-0.07 microg/ml, respectively. Gemifloxacin is also active in vitro against a broad range of Gram-negative bacilli with MIC 90 values against the Enterobacteriaceae in the range of 0.016 to > 16 microg/ml ( Escherichia coli and Providencia stuartii, respectively), with the majority of the genus having MIC 90 drug concentrations < 0.5 microg/ml. The in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against anaerobic organisms is variable. The MIC values for gemifloxacin are not affected by beta-lactamase production nor by penicillin or macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae. Gemifloxacin is approved by the FDA to be clinically efficacious against multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae. The pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin are such that the drug can be administered orally once-daily to yield or achieve sustainable drug concentrations exceeding the MIC values of clinically important organisms. Gemifloxacin has been shown to target both DNA gyrase (preferred target) and topoisomerase IV (secondary target) - enzymes critical for DNA replication and organism survival - against clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. This dual targeting activity is thought to be important for reducing the likelihood for selecting for quinolone resistance. Gemifloxacin has been investigated and approved for therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In one study, more patients receiving gemifloxacin compared to clarithromycin remained free of exacerbations for longer periods of time (p < 0.016) and gemifloxacin had a shorter time to eradication of H. influenzae than did clarithromycin (p < 0.02). From efficacy studies, gemifloxacin was found to have an adverse profile that was comparable with other compounds. The most frequent side effects were diarrhoea, abdominal pain and headache. Gemifloxacin is a welcomed addition to currently available agents for the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Other potential indications appear to be within the spectrum of this compound.
Pattern matching image compression: algorithmic and empirical results (1999)

We propose a non-transform image compression scheme based on approximate 1D pattern matching, called pattern matching image compression (PMIC). The main idea behind it is a lossy extension of the Lempel-Ziv data compression scheme in which one searches for the longest prefix of an uncompressed image that approximately occurs in the already processed image. This main algorithm is enhanced with several new features such as searching for reverse approximate matching, recognizing sub-strings in images that are additively shifted versions of each other, introducing a variable and adaptive maximum distortion level D, and so forth. These enhancements are crucial to the overall quality of our scheme and their efficient implementation leads to algorithmic issues of interest in their own right. Both algorithmic and experimental results are presented. Our scheme turns out to be competitive with JPEG and wavelet compression for good quality graphical images. We also review related theoretical results.
A multi-agent learning approach for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (2009)

This paper introduces a novel approach for solving the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP), in which multiple execution modes are available for each of the activities of the project. The new approach applies simple agent learning devices, i.e. learning automata,to construct the project schedules. We present some comparative results, to show that our decentralized method can easily compete with the best performing algorithms for the MRCPSP.
Noisemes: Manual Annotation of Environmental Noise in Audio Streams (2018)

Audio information retrieval is a difficult problem due to the highly unstructured nature of the data. A general labeling system for identifying audio patterns could unite research efforts in the field. This paper introduces 42 distinct labels, the “noisemes”, developed for the manual annotation of noise segments as they occur in audio streams of consumer captured and semiprofessionally produced videos. The labels describe distinct noise units based on audio concepts, independent of visual concepts as much as possible. We trained a recognition system using 5.6 hours of manually labeled data, and present recognition results
Single image dehazing based on contrast enhancement (2011)

A simple and adaptive single image dehazing algorithm is proposed in this work. Based on the observation that a hazy image has low contrast in general, we attempt to restore the original image by enhancing the contrast. First, the proposed algorithm estimates the airlight in a given hazy image based on the quad-tree subdivision. Then, the proposed algorithm estimates the transmission map to maximize the contrast of the output image. To measure the contrast, we develop a cost function, which consists of a standard deviation term and a histogram uniformness term. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can remove haze efficiently and reconstruct fine details in original scenes clearly.
The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2007)

The ability of cannabinoids to modulate both inflammatory and degenerative neuronal damage prompted investigations on the potential benefits of such compounds in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in animal models of this disorder. Here we measured endocannabinoid levels, metabolism and binding, and physiological activities in 26 patients with MS (17 females, aged 19-43 years), 25 healthy controls and in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS. Our results show that MS and EAE are associated with significant alterations of the endocannabinoid system. We found that anandamide (AEA), but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), was increased in the CSF of relapsing MS patients. AEA concentrations were also higher in peripheral lymphocytes of these patients, an effect associated with increased synthesis and reduced degradation of this endocannabinoid. Increased synthesis, reduced degradation, and increased levels of AEA were also detected in the brains of EAE mice in the acute phase of the disease, possibly accounting for its anti-excitotoxic action in this disorder. Accordingly, neurophysiological recordings from single neurons confirmed that excitatory transmission in EAE slices is inhibited by CB1 receptor activation, while inhibitory transmission is not. Our study suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system might be useful for the treatment of MS.
Facile Synthesis of Alkyl Phenyl Ethers Using Cesium Carbonate (1995)

Abstract A highly efficient alkylation method of phenols using alkyl halide/cesium carbonate/acetonitrile system is described.
Bevacizumab and ovarian cancer (2011)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal of gynecologic malignancies in the United States, with a significant proportion of patients with advanced disease achieving clinical remission with conventional treatment approaches, but dying of recurrence. Bevacizumab is a first-in-class antiangiogenic. This recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibits endothelial and tumor cell activation and proliferation. It has a low clearance and long elimination half-life, supporting a convenient 2- or 3-weekly dosing schedule. It is generally well tolerated, although trials have highlighted some toxicity-related concerns, notably gastrointestinal perforation. Phase III trials that evaluate overall survival are not yet mature, and cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab is hotly debated. As more evidence for the role of anti-VEGF agents in augmenting therapy and inducing durable tumor dormancy continues to emerge, it is anticipated that antiangiogenic therapy will play an important role in the management ovarian malignancy.
A Retrospective Analysis of Toxicogenomics in the Safety Assessment of Drug Candidates (2007)

Toxicogenomics is considered a valuable tool for reducing pharmaceutical candidate attrition by facilitating earlier identification, prediction and understanding of toxicities. A retrospective evaluation of 3 years of routine transcriptional profiling in non-clinical safety studies was undertaken to assess the utility of toxicogenomics in drug safety assessment. Based on the analysis of studies with 33 compounds, marked global transcriptional changes (> 4% transcripts at p < 0.01) were shown to be a robust biomarker for dosages considered to be toxic . In general, there was an inconsistent correlation between transcription and histopathology, most likely due to differences in sensitivity to focal microscopic lesions, to secondary effects, and to events that precede structural tissue changes. For 60% of toxicities investigated with multiple time-point data, transcriptional changes were observed prior to changes in traditional study endpoints. Candidate transcriptional markers of pharmacologic effects were detected in 40% of targets profiled. Mechanistic classification of toxicity was obtained for 30% of targets. Furthermore, data comparison to compendia of transcriptional changes provided assessments of the specificity of transcriptional responses. Overall, our experience suggests that toxicogenomics has contributed to a greater understanding of mechanisms of toxicity and to reducing drug attrition by empiric analysis where safety assessment combines toxicogenomic and traditional evaluations.
Wireless Gesture Controlled Systems (2014)

Present day scenario is tending towards the elimination of Human Interface device to Computers and other devices. Gaming systems are going towards complete elimination of controllers and moving towards use of cameras and Ultrasound sensors to detect the movements of gamers, which act as inputs rather than the signals sent by controllers. Similar systems have also been used to help the blind and the Paralympic people. This proposed system helps do the same. It translates the gestures and movement of the wrist and fingers to control the mouse of a computer or to interface the same to any device granting wireless control to devices based only on these movements. This can be applied to control wheelchairs for the disabled or a robotic arm for bomb diffusion. The main advantage of this project is that it uses sensors to track all the movements of an arm thereby giving the user freedom to be anywhere within the wireless range to control the system, unlike in systems based on camera to recognize the movements which restrict the user to face the camera at a particular angle. The system currently proposed in the paper is for mouse control and the extent of expansion is limited only by the hardware interfaced to the receiver end.
Robust passive shaping network for impulse radio and UWB signal generator (2005)

This work presents the design, development and measurement of a robust passive pulse shaping network for UWB applications. Our approach is based on a novel symmetric hybridbased topology. The general method to design this kind of shaping network is described. It demonstrates that by properly tuning the dimension of the hybrid topology one may compensate the unbalanced effects exhibited by a conventional T-junction shaping network topology. Microstrip technology is used to implement two pulse shaping networks. Measurement results show good agreement with simulation.
Speech processing committee (1975)

In response to a request from the Chairman of AdCom, Dr. Lawrence Rabiner, we plan to publish a description of the Technical Committees of GASSP in the Newsletter. In this issue we are highlighting the Speech Processing Committee that was formed in 1969 and has played a major role in IEEE activities in the speech field.