gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annexin A2 is a new antigenic target for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy (2012)

In our recent publication (Zheng et al., PLoS ONE) we described the identification of annexin A2 as a new pancreatic cancer associated tumor antigen. Its involvement in pancreatic cancer progression and metastases supports its role as an antigenic target for the development of both therapeutic antibody and T cell immunotherapy.
T-fluted peritoneal dialysis catheter. (1993)

While the current Tenckhoff catheter is generally successful, outflow failure due to omental obstruction, pericatheter hernias, pericatheter leaks, and exit infections remains a major cause for dropout from peritoneal dialysis therapy. Further, the irregular outflow characteristics of the catheter make highflow automated dialysis problematic. We have developed a catheter with a thin transabdominal tube connecting in a T-shape to a transverse cylinder resting against the parietal peritoneum, with flutes (grooves) as ports. The catheter can be inserted through the 3-mm diameter Quill guide of the Y-TEC peritoneoscopic system. Studies in normal dogs indicated that the T-fluted catheter allowed daily exchanges with 2 L of peritoneal dialysate without outflow obstruction, and peritoneoscopic inspection 2-4 weeks later showed no omental attachment to the grooved ports. By comparison, curled Tenckhoff catheters uniformly developed omental obstruction within 2-4 days, and all such catheters had firm omental attachment to the side holes. Five T-fluted catheters have been placed in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients who had prior complications with Tenckhoff catheters (infections, leaks, and outflow failure). One patient with multiple intraperitoneal adhesions developed outflow failure of the T-fluted catheter, similar to a prior Tenckhoff catheter. All other T-fluted catheters had consistent outflow rates and no complications. In long-term use the T-fluted catheter should prevent omental attachment, deep cuff extrusion, pericatheter hernias, subcutaneous cuff erosion, and exit-site infection, although this is not yet proven.
A low-temperature process for annealing extremely shallow As+-implanted <i>n</i>+/<i>p</i> junctions in silicon (1984)

A new low-temperature process that anneals out ion-implantation damage and activates the dopant in extremely shallow, implanted n+/p structures is presented. This technique employs low-energy (0.4 keV) H+ ion implantation following arsenic ion implantation and then a subsequent low-temperature (500–600 °C) furnace anneal. Very little dopant redistribution takes place with this new process and the device characteristics are comparable to other processes employing short-time, higher-temperature anneals.
Analytical treatment of randomly birefringent periodically spun fibers (2003)

Spun fibers are increasingly used in telecommunication systems because their polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is lower than that in unspun fibers. In this paper, we investigate the effects of a periodic spin on the PMD of fibers with randomly varying birefringence. Numerical simulations show that when the spin period is of the same order as or larger than the beat length, the mean differential group delay of a spun fiber depends on the model used for the random birefringence. We then carry out a general theoretical analysis using the second Wai-Menyuk model, which is the only model of fiber birefringence to date that is consistent with polarization optical time domain reflectometry data. Finally, we consider some particular regimes by means of a perturbative approach.
Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Brillouin Lasers with Nanokelvin Thermometry (2018)

Ultrastable lasers serve as the backbone for some of the most advanced scientific experiments today and enable the ability to perform atomic spectroscopy and laser interferometry at the highest levels of precision possible. With the recent and increasing interest in applying these systems outside of the laboratory, it remains an open question as how to realize a laser source that can reach the extraordinary levels of narrow linewidth required and yet still remain sufficiently compact and portable for field use. Critical to the development of this ideal laser source is the necessity for the laser to be insensitive to both short- and long-term fluctuations in temperature, which ultimately broaden the laser linewidth and cause drift in the laser's center frequency. We show here that the use of a large mode-volume optical resonator, which acts to suppress the resonator's fast thermal fluctuations, together with the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) optical nonlinearity presents a powerful combination that enables the ability to lase with an ultra-narrow linewidth of 20 Hz. To address the laser's long-term temperature drift, we apply the narrow Brillouin line as a metrological tool that precisely senses a minute change in the resonator's temperature at the level of 85 nK. The precision afforded by this temperature measurement enables new possibilities for the stabilization of resonators against environmental perturbation.
Characterization of ultrananocrystalline diamond microsensors for <i>in vivo</i> dopamine detection (2013)

We show the technical feasibility of coating and micro patterning boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD<sup>®</sup>) on metal microwires and of applying them as microsensors for the detection of dopamine <i>in vivo</i> using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. UNCD electrode surface consistently generated electrochemical signals with high signal-to-noise ratio of >800 using potassium ferrocyanide-ferricyanide redox couple. Parylene patterned UNCD microelectrodes were effectively applied to detect dopamine reliably <i>in vitro</i> using flow injection analysis with a detection limit of 27 nM and in the striatum of the anesthetized rat during electrical stimulation of dopamine neurons.
Query processing in time-dependent spatial networks (2012)

Recent advances in online map services and their wide deployment in hand-held devices and car-navigation systems have led to extensive use of location-based services. The most popular class of such services are route planning and k-nearest neighbor(kNN) queries where users search for geographical points of interests (e.g., restaurants, gas stations) with corresponding travel-times to these locations. Accordingly, many recent studies focused on developing efficient techniques to answer point-to-point fastest path and k-nearest neighbor search queries in the spatial network space. 
However, most of the existing approaches in spatial networks make the simplifying assumption that the cost of traveling each edge of the spatial network is constant (e.g., corresponding to the length of the edge). Whereas in real world, the actual travel cost of a network edge is time-dependent i.e., the cost of a network edge depends on the arrival-time to that edge. Unfortunately, once we consider the time-dependent edge weights in road networks, all proposed kNN and shortest path query solutions assuming constant edge weights fail. With time-dependent edge costs, the network distance between two nodes is not unique and varies based on the departure time from the source. This dynamism of the distance introduces great challenges in developing precomputation techniques to expedite spatial query processing in time-dependent spatial networks. 
In this thesis, for the first time we study the problem of k-nearest neighbor search in time-dependent road networks where the weight of each edge is a function of time. We propose series of index structures that efficiently and accurately answer the k nearest neighbor queries in time-dependent road networks and effectively handle the database updates where points of interests are added or removed. In addition, we study the problem of point-to-point shortest path computation in time-dependent spatial networks and present a technique which speeds-up the path computation using a bidirectional time-dependent A* search based on a novel heuristic function. In this thesis, the efficacy of all proposed techniques for both kNN search and point-to-point shortest path computation have been verified with extensive experiments using real data-sets including a variety of large spatial networks with real traffic data.
Sensitive Laser Spectroscopy Measurement Technique. (1977)

Abstract : A simple differential measurement technique is described by means of which a sensitive determination can be made of a change in the laser-beam signal resulting from absorption, scattering, or gain while traversing a medium. The method depends upon the use of an internally modulatable laser for implementation. Sensitivities of delta I/I sub 0 = .0001 were routinely and unambiguously measured. Maximum sensitivity was measured at .00002. The method is applicable, in general, to steady phenomena or average value measurements. Two silicon photovoltaic detectors are employed in the differential measurement. The applicable wavelength domain of this technique is determined by the sensitivity range of the detectors, i.e., approximately 0.19 to 1.15 micrometers. (Author)
On-Line Fuel Deoxygenation for Coke Suppression (2002)

Fuel deoxygenation is being developed as a means for suppressing autoxidative coke formation in aircraft fuel systems, thereby increasing the exploitable cooling capacity of the fuel, enabling major increases in engine operating temperature and cycle efficiency. Reduced maintenance is an added benefit. A prototype membrane filter module for on-line removal of dissolved oxygen, which would otherwise react to form coke precursors, was constructed and successfully demonstrated. The fuel flows over the membrane, while oxygen diffuses through it at a rate that is proportional to the difference in oxygen partial pressures across the surface. Tests were conducted over a range of fuel flow rates (residence times) and temperatures. The filter was operated with air-saturated jet fuel for several hours at a steady-state condition, verifying the capability to remove essentially all of the dissolved oxygen (to &lt;1 ppm) and proving the viability of the concept. A convincing demonstration of coke suppression was performed when air-saturated (normal) and deoxygenated jet fuels were tested in a standard ASTM heated tube apparatus at wall temperatures as high as 850 F. With deoxygenated fuel, there was a dramatic reduction (more than an order of magnitude) in coke deposition relative to air-saturated Jet A, which will allow the maximum fuel temperature to be increased by more than 200 F, doubling the available heat sink. Moreover, deoxygenated Jet A was shown to perform as well as JP-7, the Air Force’s highest thermal stability fuel. An analytical model for oxygen permeation through the membrane was formulated, and used in conjunction with the test data to estimate the filter size required for a practical (i.e., low-volume/high-flowrate) deoxygenator.
Dynamic cross-coupled bitline content addressable memory cell for high density arrays (1985)

This paper describes the design of a novel dynamic Content Addressable Memory (CAM) cell suitable for high density arrays on the order of 64K bits. The proposed cell is capable of storing three internal states; '1', '0' and "don't care" (MASK). The cell consists of five NMOS transistors of which four are used to store and access data and one is used as a diode to isolate current paths. Charge is stored on the gate of a transistor which results in non-destructive current driven Read and Match operations and increases the charge storage time leading to higher reliability and improved immunization to alpha particles. Using 2µm design rules, buried contacts, single level metal, and low resistance polycide lines results in a CAM cell 25µm × 22µm which is comparable to 64K bit static RAM cell areas. The CAM cell was sucessfully fabricated using a 4µm NMOS process and its operation was confirmed with a 2 × 3 bit array.
Evaluation of amplitude difference referencing technique with terahertz metasurfaces for sub-micron analytes sensing (2018)

Terahertz metasurfaces with subradiant modes that allow excitation of a high-quality factor are potential candidates for label-free sensing of thin-film biomolecules. Nevertheless, sensing sub-micron analytes are rather difficult due to the normalization method that has been used so far. Here, we evaluate an amplitude difference referencing technique that exploits the response of the uncoated metasurface structure as a reference. Amplitude difference percentage has been calculated by subtracting the frequency response of coated metasurface from the frequency response of the uncoated metasurface for different analyte thicknesses. To our surprise, we observe significantly large values of the amplitude difference that can be easily measured using conventional terahertz time-domain spectrometers. In future, this technique can be utilized to detect analytes with sub-micron thickness and could be exploited across the electromagnetic spectrum.
V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Nano‐Electrodes with High Power and Energy Densities for Thin Film Li‐Ion Batteries (2011)

Abstract Nanostructured V 2 O 5 thin films have been prepared by means of cathodic deposition from an aqueous solution made from V 2 O 5 and H 2 O 2 directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated (FTO) glasses followed by annealing at 500°C in air, and studied as film electrodes for lithium ion batteries. XPS results show that the as‐deposited films contained 15% V 4+ , however after annealing all the vanadium is oxidized to V 5+ . The crystallinity, surface morphology, and microstructures of the films have been investigated by means of XRD, SEM, and AFM. The V 2 O 5 thin film electrodes show excellent electrochemical properties as cathodes for lithium ion intercalation: a high initial discharge capacity of 402 mA h g −1 and 240 mA h g −1 is retained after over 200 cycles with a discharging rate of 200 mA g −1 (1.3 C). The specific energy density is calculated as 900 W h kg −1 for the 1 st cycle and 723 W h kg −1 for the 180 th cycle when the films are tested at 200 mA g −1 (1.3 C). When discharge/charge is carried out at a high current density of 10.5 A g −1 (70 C), the thin film electrodes retain a good discharge capacity of 120 mA h g −1 , and the specific power density is over 28 kW kg −1 .
Katsevich-type algorithims for variable radius spiral cone-beam CT (2004)

To solve the long object problem, an exact and efficient algorithm has been recently developed by Katsevich. While the Katsevich algorithm only works with standard helical cone-beam scanning, there is an important need for nonstandard spiral cone-beam scanning. Specifically, we need a scanning spiral of variable radius for our newly proposed electron-beam CT/micro-CT prototype. In this paper, for variable radius spiral cone-beam CT we construct two Katsevich-type cone-beam reconstruction algorithms in the filtered backprojection (FBP) and backprojected filtration (BPF) formats, respectively. The FBP algorithm is developed based on the standard Katsevich algorithm, and consists of four steps: data differentiation, PI-line determination, slant filtration and weighted backprojection. The BPF algorithm is designed based on the scheme by Zou and Pan, and also consists four steps: data differentiation, PI-line determination, weighted backprojection and inverse Hilbert transform. Numerical experiments are conducted with mathematical phantoms.
Geobacillus zalihae sp. nov., a thermophilic lipolytic bacterium isolated from palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia (2007)

Strain T1T was able to secrete extracellular thermostable lipase into culture medium. The strain T1T was identified as Geobacillus zalihae T1T as it differs from its type strains Geobacillus kaustophilus (DSM 7263T) and Geobacillus thermoleovorans (DSM 5366T) on some physiological studies, cellular fatty acids composition, RiboPrint analysis, length of lipase gene and protein profile.
Short G-rich oligonucleotides as a potential therapeutic for Huntington's Disease (2006)

Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides capable of forming stable G-quartets can inhibit aggregation of the mutant Htt fragment protein. This activity maybe an important part of the pathogenecity of Huntington's Disease. Our results reveal a new class of agents that could be developed as a therapeutic approach for Huntington's Disease.
A Class of Broadband Planar Traveling-wave Antennas and Their Latest Applications (2009)

Classical antenna theory often ignores the practical problem of platform mounting, which can have deadly impact on antenna performance. This is an unavoidable problem since an antenna is invariably inseparable from a transceiver or platform, which the antenna is connected with or mounted on. In the worst scenario, the main radiator is the platform or transceiver, not the antenna per se. The slot antenna and the microstrip patch antenna provide a narrowband solution to this problem. For broadband needs, a class of planar traveling-wave (TW) antennas, as depicted in Figure 1, and TW phased arrays employing such TW elements, emerged in the past two decades (e.g., 1), ofiering a satisfactory solution. This paper addresses the fundamental theory for this class of planar TW antennas. A common feature of these patented designs is a ground plane placed very close to a planar broadband TW structure, which is preferably a self-complementary surface. The TW is charac- terized by a radial component of propagation to and from the geometrical center of the planar TW structure. The conducting ground plane on the back side of the antenna enables the an- tenna to be conformally mounted on any platform, with minimal EMC/EMI problems as well as a stable radiation property fairly independent of the mounting platform. In addition to an octaval bandwidth of 10:1 or more, this class of broadband planar TW antenna ofiers features such as dual-polarization and multifunction rarely available in other antennas. Applications include ultra-wideband conformal body-wearable antennas, air/sea/ground vehi- cle antennas, handset antennas, planar phased arrays, etc. A recent application is in high- performance low-cost GNSS antennas that cover all three GNSS services (GPS/GLONASS/Galil- eo), requiring a wide frequency bandwidth of 1.164{1.610GHz. The TW structure in this design is a planar four-arm spiral, which has an inherently stable phase center nearly independent of spatial and frequency variations. Such a performance is not achievable by conventional GNSS antenna approaches such as the patch antenna and other broadband antennas. Its phase center stability versus frequency and spatial angle is primarily limited by its manufacturing tolerance and the excitation accuracy of its feed network.
Terahertz difference-frequency quantum cascade laser sources on silicon (2016)

Terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intra-cavity frequency mixing are currently the only monolithic electrically pumped semiconductor devices that can operate in the 1–6 THz spectral range at room temperature. The introduction of the Cherenkov waveguide scheme in these devices grown on semi-insulating InP substrates enabled generation of tens of microwatts of average terahertz power output and wide spectral tunability. However, terahertz radiation outcoupling in these sources is still highly inefficient. Here we demonstrate that an application of the III–V-on-silicon hybrid laser concept to terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on Cherenkov intra-cavity difference-frequency generation dramatically improves their output power and mid-infrared-to-terahertz conversion efficiency. The best-performing device transfer-printed on a float-zone high-resistivity silicon substrate produced 270 μW of peak power output at 3.5 THz at room temperature, a factor of 5 improvement over the best reference devices on a native semi-insulating InP substrate.
High-throughput LDPC decoding using the RHS algorithm (2012)

The relaxed half-stochastic (RHS) algorithm is a recently proposed binary message-passing decoding algorithm for low-density parity check codes that can reach the same error rate performance as belief propagation algorithms that exchange LLR messages. Because of its low-complexity interleaver, the RHS algorithm makes it possible to achieve a fully-parallel implementation that can converge to a codeword in only a few clock cycles on average, enabling high throughput and power efficiency. To demonstrate the practicality of the RHS algorithm, we implement a decoder for the popular IEEE 802.3an 10GBASE-T standard. The paper presents details of the hardware implementation, as well as post-layout results for an ASIC implementation in 65nm CMOS technology, which indicate that the decoder can operate at 448 MHz and occupies an area of 4.41 mm2. The results obtained from bit-accurate software simulations show that the decoder meets the latency requirement prescribed by the standard and provides an average throughput of 160 Gbps.
Constellation: automated discovery of service and host dependencies in networked systems (2008)

In a modern enterprise network of any scale, dependencies between hosts, protocols and network services are surpris-ingly complex, typically undocumented, and rarely static. Even though network management and troubleshooting rely on this information, automated discovery and monitoring of these dependencies remains an unsolved problem. The ap-proach we describe in this paper attempts to close this gap by proactively inferring a network-wide map of these complex relationships using innovative machine learning techniques. Constellation takes a black-box approach to learn explicit models of time dependencies using little more than the tim-ings of packet transmission and reception. The parameters of these models are automatically fitted, enabling Constella-tion to be robust to a variety of real-world traffic behaviours. Statistical hypothesis testing on the models provides a guar-anteed confidence level for the accuracy of the result. We present promising results from a prototype implementation using substantial packet traces from Microsoft’s corporate network. We also discuss our experience in applying simpler statistical tests and machine learning approaches, including why they failed to perform. 1.
Wide dynamic range RF mixers using wide-bandgap semiconductors (2002)

This paper describes how wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride, can be useful in developing a wide dynamic range RF mixer with low intermodulation distortion products, instead of using conventional narrow bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon and gallium arsenide junctions, which have limited dynamic range. A wider dynamic range mixer allows for the reception of weak RF signals, even in the presence of strong undesired signals. This feature also permits closer location of RF sources and receivers with less severe interference. Using an improved high-level mixer can lead to better communications, radar, and navigational equipment for aircraft, maritime, and other applications that share an overcrowded RF spectrum.