gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deuteration improves small-molecule fluorophores (2020)

ABSTRACT Fluorescence microscopy relies on dyes that absorb short-wavelength photons and emit longer-wavelength light. In addition to this fluorescence process, dyes can undergo other photochemical reactions that result in spectral shifts and irreversible photobleaching. Increases in brightness, ‘chromostability’, and photostability of fluorescent dyes are therefore crucial for advancing the frontier of bioimaging. Here, we describe a general approach to improve small-molecule fluorophores using deuteration. Incorporating deuterium into the alkylamino substituents of rhodamines and other dyes improves fluorescence quantum yield, inhibits photochemically induced spectral shifts, and slows irreparable photobleaching. These compounds are easily synthesized and show improved performance in cellular imaging experiments.
Three-wavelength pyrometer for measuring flame temperatures (1979)

This paper describes a pyrometer that measures the continuum radiation from particles in a flame or explosion at three wavelengths (0.8 microm, 0.9 microm, and 1.0 microm). The particle temperature is calculated from the radiation data using the Planck equation. Temperatures measured for coal dust explosions in a closed vessel are presented.
Demonstration of Self-pulsating Photonic-Crystal Surface- Emitting Lasers (2018)

We demonstrate self-pulsation with a pulse width of 100 ps and a beam divergence angle of 0.35° in a photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser by introducing a saturable absorber section and employing a new double-hole photonic crystal.
A new electronic feedback compensation method for rate integrating gyroscopes (2016)

Towards the objective of a rate integrating gyroscope (RIG) without a minimum rate threshold and performance limited only by electrical and mechanical thermal noise, we present our progress on a new, generalized electronic feedback method for the compensation of resonator damping asymmetry (anisodamping) and stiffness asymmetry (anisoelasticity) with a new method of RIG operation using self-precession. This enables overcoming the precession angle-dependent bias error and minimum rate threshold, two issues identified by Lynch for a MEMS RIG [1]. To correct angle-dependent bias, we augment the electronic feedback force of the amplitude regulator with a non-unity gain output distribution matrix selected to correct for anisodamping. Using this method, we have decreased the angle dependent bias error by a factor of 30, resulting a minimum rate threshold of 3.5 dps. To further improve RIG performance, an electronically-induced self-precession rate is incorporated and successfully demonstrated to lower the rate threshold. The RIG's output noise is also evaluated, demonstrating an ARW of 11 mdps/√Hz, similar to rate gyro operation at same amplitude.
Involvement of Amino Acids Flanking Glu7.32 of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor in the Selectivity of Antagonists (2008)

The Glu/Asp(7.32) residue in extracellular loop 3 of the mammalian type-I gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) interacts with Arg(8) of GnRH-I, conferring preferential ligand selectivity for GnRH-I over GnRH-II. Previously, we demonstrated that the residues (Ser and Pro) flanking Glu/Asp(7.32) also play a role in the differential agonist selectivity of mammalian and non-mammalian GnRHRs. In this study, we examined the differential antagonist selectivity of wild type and mutant GnRHRs in which the Ser and Pro residues were changed. Cetrorelix, a GnRH-I antagonist, and Trptorelix-2, a GnRH-II antagonist, exhibited high selectivity for mammalian type-I and non-mammalian GnRHRs, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the antagonists were dependent on agonist concentration and subtype. Rat GnRHR in which the Ser-Glu-Pro (SEP) motif was changed to Pro-Glu-Val (PEV) or Pro-Glu-Ser (PES) had increased sensitivity to Trptorelix-2 but decreased sensitivity to Cetrorelix. Mutant bullfrog GnRHR-1 with the SEP motif had the reverse antagonist selectivity, with reduced sensitivity to Trptorelix-2 but increased sensitivity to Cetrorelix. These findings indicate that the residues flanking Glu(7.32) are important for antagonist as well as agonist selectivity.
Block based robust blind image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform (2014)

Digital watermarking is a process to provide authenticity by hiding a data into an image or audio or document. Hiding of data in an image can be done in frequency domain. Since frequency domain based techniques are more robust against signal processing and geometric attacks than time domain based techniques and watermark can also be extracted with(non blind) and without(blind) original cover image. In this paper we proposed a blind image watermarking technique which embeds watermark into image in frequency domain using discrete wavelet transform, singular value decomposition and torus automorphism techniques. This technique extracts watermark without cover image and also proved that this method is robust against different signal and non signal processing attacks.
The Effect of Constant Anisotropy on Capillary Barrier Performance (1995)

Ross' solution for the divergence capacity of a capillary barrier is modified to incorporate constant hydraulic conductivity anisotropy of the fine layer. The analysis assumes steady infiltration and that the principal directions of the hydraulic conductivity tensor are parallel and normal to the fine‐coarse contact. The solutions for divergence capacity and length have two terms. The first term, similar to the solution of Ross, represents the diversion due to the presence of the capillary barrier and is proportional to the hydraulic conductivity parallel to the contact. The second term, which arises from infiltration into an anisotropic medium independent of the capillary barrier, is a function of the fine layer thickness and will be small for engineered barriers. Thus an anisotropic fine layer with a greater hydraulic conductivity in the direction parallel to the fine‐coarse contact will extend the performance of a capillary barrier as measured by its divergence capacity and length.
Polarization Rotation Induced by Resonant Two-Photon Dispersion (1976)

A polarization-rotation effect is demonstrated which utilizes the dispersion associated with $3S\ensuremath{-}5S$ two-photon transitions in sodium vapor. A linearly polarized beam at ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ is rotated by a circularly polarized beam at ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ when ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ is near the two-photon transition frequency. When combined with a polarizer a rapid optical shutter is obtained.
Catheter Tracking With Phase Information in a Magnetic Resonance Scanner (2011)

The purpose of this study is to describe a new active technique for accurately determining both the position and orientation of the tip of a catheter during magnetic resonance (MR)-guided percutaneous cardiovascular procedures. The technique utilizes phase information introduced into the MR signal from a small receive coil located on the distal tip of the catheter. Phase patterns around a small receive coil are rich in information that is directly related to position and orientation. This information can be collected over a large spherical volume with a diameter several times that of the receive coil. The high degree of redundancy yields the potential for an accurate and robust method of catheter tracking. A tracking algorithm is presented that performs catheter tip localization using phase images acquired in two orthogonal planes without any a priori knowledge of catheter position. Associated experimentation demonstrating feasibility is also presented.
2D Discrete Fourier Transform with simultaneous edge artifact removal for real-time applications (2015)

Two-Dimensional (2D) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a basic and computationally intensive algorithm, with a vast variety of applications. 2D images are, in general, non-periodic, but are assumed to be periodic while calculating their DFTs. This leads to cross-shaped artifacts in the frequency domain due to spectral leakage. These artifacts can have critical consequences if the DFTs are being used for further processing. In this paper we present a novel FPGA-based design to calculate high-throughput 2D DFTs with simultaneous edge artifact removal. Standard approaches for removing these artifacts using apodization functions or mirroring, either involve removing critical frequencies or a surge in computation by increasing image size. We use a periodic-plus-smooth decomposition based artifact removal algorithm optimized for FPGA implementation, while still achieving real-time (≥23 frames per second) performance for a 512×512 size image stream. Our optimization approach leads to a significant decrease in external memory utilization thereby avoiding memory conflicts and simplifies the design. We have tested our design on a PXIe based Xilinx Kintex 7 FPGA system communicating with a host PC which gives us the advantage to further expand the design for industrial applications.
Private decayed predicate sums on streams (2013)

In many monitoring applications, recent data is more important than distant data. How does this affect privacy of data analysis? We study a general class of data analyses --- predicate sums --- in this context.
Lysostaphin treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in the rabbit. (2000)

Lysostaphin is very effective in treating keratitis mediated by methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Development of High Aperture Efficiency Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna System (2019)

A Fabry-Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) system with high efficiency is proposed. The design consists of a source antenna with a frequency selective surface (FSS). The source antenna is an aperture coupled microstrip slot antenna with cavity backing. The FSS is a square aperture with rectangular unit cells. The E-field in the near and far field is compared for the FPCA system and the source antenna without the FSS (i.e. source antenna only). The FPCA has low phase variation of approximately 10° in the E-plane compared to high sinusoidal phase variation of 90° of the source antenna. The far-field gain of the FPCA system is 11.3 dB, which is a 4.5 dB improvement of the source antenna gain. The aperture efficiency of the FPCA system is 84% compared to the source antenna efficiency of 30%.
ABC triblock bottlebrush copolymer-based injectable hydrogels: design, synthesis, and application to expanding the therapeutic index of cancer immunochemotherapy (2020)

Bottlebrush copolymers are a versatile class of macromolecular architectures with broad applications in the fields of drug delivery, self-assembly, and polymer networks. Here, the modular nature of graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is exploited to synthesize "ABC"triblock bottlebrush copolymers (TBCs) from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers. Due to the hydrophobicity of their PLA domains, these TBCs self-assemble in aqueous media at room temperature to yield uniform ∼100 nm micelles that can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Heating these micellar solutions above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (∼32 °C) induces the rapid formation of multi-compartment hydrogels with PLA and PNIPAM domains acting as physical crosslinks. Following the synthesis and characterization of these materials in vitro, TBC micelles loaded with various biologically active small molecules were investigated as injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release in vivo. Specifically, intratumoral administration of TBCs containing paclitaxel and resiquimod-the latter a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-into mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 tumors resulted in a significantly enhanced therapeutic index compared to the administration of these two drugs alone. This effect is attributed to the TBC hydrogel maintaining a high local drug concentration, thus reducing systemic immune activation and local inflammation. Collectively, this work represents, to our knowledge, the first example of thermally-responsive TBCs designed for multi-compartment hydrogel formation, establishing these materials as versatile scaffolds for self-assembly and drug delivery.
Organic Electro‐optic Single‐ Crystalline Thin Films Grown Directly on Modified Amorphous Substrates (2008)

High quality organic electro-optic single crystalline thin films are produced on amorphous C≡N-modified glass substrates (see figure), which is a mimic surface of a crystal, by slow evaporation and capillary methods. The films have a suitable size (shaped as rectangular plates with side lengths in the range of 5–10 mm and regular thicknesses in the range of 1–40 μm) for the fabrication of photonic devices.
Rapid Identification of Column Heterogeneity (2006)

Data quality is a serious concern in every data management application, and a variety of quality measures have been proposed, e.g., accuracy, freshness and completeness, to capture common sources of data quality degradation. We identify and focus attention on a novel measure, column heterogeneity, that seeks to quantify the data quality problems that can arise when merging data from different sources. We identify desiderata that a column heterogeneity measure should intuitively satisfy, and describe our technique to quantify database column heterogeneity based on using a novel combination of cluster entropy and soft clustering. Finally, we present detailed experimental results, using diverse data sets of different types, to demonstrate that our approach provides a robust mechanism for identifying and quantifying database column heterogeneity.
Yeast recombinant Factor C from horseshoe crab binds endotoxin and causes bacteriostasis (1997)

Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Factor C cDNA has been cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris to produce a recombinant full-length Factor C (rFC) which is both immunoreactive and functional. The presence of a functional endotoxin-binding domain on rFC was ascertained by LPS-binding assays. One involved the relative binding affinity of rFC to electroblotted lipid A moiety of LPS. The second assay showed that rFC competed against native Factor C contained in C. rotundicauda amebocyte lysate (CAL) to bind LPS. Purification of rFC enhanced its binding affinity to LPS. By agglutination, rFC caused bacteriostasis of Gram-negative bacteria within 2 h. In an in vivo system, rFC also decreased the mortality of actinomycin D-sensitized/LPS-challenged mice. The rFCEE, bearing the 5' terminal LPS binding domain displayed a lowered affinity for LPS. This is in contrast to the rFCSN subclone that is devoid of the 5' end of Factor C, and which does not bind LPS. The presence of a fully-functional endotoxin binding domain in rFC probably requires a full-length protein for co-operative interaction of its downstream sequences. Thus, rFC has potential in the detection and removal of contaminating LPS from biological specimens and fluids for injection, since it is capable of binding both free and bound lipid A.
Room temperature operation of 2D photonic crystal slab defect-waveguide laser with optical pump (2003)

Room temperature operation of a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal defect-waveguide laser with an InGaAsP multiple quantum well active layer with low threshold optical pumping is demonstrated. It is identified that the lasing oscillation occurs at the band edge of the line-defect-waveguide mode (J point).
Vision based forest smoke detection using analyzing of temporal patterns of smoke and their probability models (2011)

In general, since smoke appears before flames, smoke detection is particularly important for early fire detection systems. To detect fire-smoke using video camera is a difficult work because main characteristics of a smoke are uncertain, vague, constant patterns of shape and color. Thus, this paper proposes a new fire-smoke detection method, especially forest smoke using analyzing of temporal patterns of smoke and Fuzzy Finite Automata (FFA). To consider the smoke characteristics over time, the temporal patterns of intensity entropy, wavelet energy and motion orientation have been used for generating, multivariate probability density functions (PDFs) are applied Fuzzy Finite Automata (FFA) for smoke verification. The proposed FFA consist of a set of fuzzy states (VH, H, L, VL), and a transition mapping that describes what event can occur at which state and resulting new state. For smoke verification, FFA is most appropriate method in case variables are time-dependent and uncertain. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to various fire-smoke videos and shows a better detection performance.
Crystal Distortion of Sr-ferrite Particles by Milling. (1992)

sized particles of M-type Sr-ferrite were obtained from fine Fe2O3
High Resolution Subsurface Imaging of Buried Targets Using Distributed Robotic Sensors (2018)

In this paper, a new subsurface imaging technique using distributed sensors is introduced. Instead of monostatic transceivers employed in conventional ground penetrating radars, the proposed technique utilizes bi-static transceivers to sample the reflected signals from the ground at different positions and create a large two-dimensional aperture for high resolution subsurface imaging. The coherent processing of the samples in the proposed imaging method eliminates the need for large antenna arrays for obtaining high lateral resolution images. In addition, it eliminates the need for sampling on a grid which is a time-consuming task in imaging using ground penetration radar. Imaging results show that the method can provide high-resolution images of the buried targets using only samples of the reflected signals on a circle with the center at the transmitter location.
Development of an MR compatible rotating anode x-ray tube (2008)

In order to achieve a truly hybrid, high quality X-ray/MR system one must have a rotating anode x-ray source as close as possible to the bore of the high-field MR magnet. Full integration between a closed bore MR system and an x-ray fluoroscopy system presents two main challenges that must be addressed: x-ray tube motor operation and efficiency in an external field, and focal spot deflection. Regarding the first challenge our results have shown that an AC induction motor operating in external fields will experience a drop off in efficiency. Specifically, fields on the order of 100 Gauss perpendicular to the rotor decrease the rotation speed from 2450 RPM to below 1800 RPM. We are currently developing an alternate brushless DC motor design that would exploit the presence of the external MR fringe field and our initial finite element results indicate that the necessary amount of torque is produced. Regarding the second challenge our results show that an external field of 195 Gauss perpendicular to the anode-cathode axis (B<sub>R</sub> direction) produces a focal spot deflection of 5 mm. For the fields at which we want to operate the x-ray tube (~to 1000 Gauss along B<sub>R</sub>) this deflection will be significantly larger than 5 mm and must be corrected for. We propose a design that includes active deflection coils which serve to counteract the presence of the external field and reduce the focal spot deflection to less than 1 mm in our simulations.
Bioassay guided isolation of mosquito biting deterrent compounds from <scp><i>Strumpfia maritima</i></scp> (2020)

The ethanolic extract and pure compounds showed biting deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti. The high biting deterrent activity of ursolic acid acetate and cabraleone indicated a great potential for these natural compounds to be developed as mosquito repellents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cross-calibration of push-broom 2D LIDARs and cameras in natural scenes (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of automatically estimating the relative pose between a push-broom LIDAR and a camera without the need for artificial calibration targets or other human intervention. Further we do not require the sensors to have an overlapping field of view, it is enough that they observe the same scene but at different times from a moving platform. Matching between sensor modalities is achieved without feature extraction. We present results from field trials which suggest that this new approach achieves an extrinsic calibration accuracy of millimeters in translation and deci-degrees in rotation.
Improved initial drop in operational lifetime of blue phosphorescent organic light emitting device fabricated under ultra high vacuum condition (2011)

A blue phosphorescent organic light emitting device fabricated under the ultra high vacuum (UHV) condition of 6.5 × 10−7 Pa decreases the initial luminance drop upon lifetesting under a constant dc current of 15 mA/cm2 by 3 times compared to a device fabricated under a high vacuum (HV) condition of 7.6 × 10−6 Pa resulting in a 23% increase in half lifetime. We calculate a water content of 10−4 mol. % in the UHV device emissive layer (EML) and 10−2 mol. % in the HV device EML. We discuss the effects of water on luminance loss and voltage rise for the devices.
Efficient, Thermally Stable, Second Order Nonlinear Optical Response in Organic Hybrid Covalent/Ionic Self-Assembled Films (2006)

A covalent/electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly method was used to achieve polar ordering of a water soluble, reactive dye in the fabrication of nonlinear optical (NLO) films. We observed a quadratic relationship between the second harmonic intensity I2(omega) and bilayer number for all films made with Procion Brown MX-GRN, demonstrating that the polar ordering of the chromophores is consistent in each successive bilayer. As the ionic strength of the dye deposition solution was increased to 0.5 M NaCl, the of the films increased by approximately 250% to 50 x 10(-9) esu, with a corresponding average chromophore tilt angle of 38 degrees . This was attributed to increased shielding of the dye charges which led to higher chromophore density in the bilayers. The electrooptic coefficient for films of 50 bilayers fabricated at 0.5 M NaCl was 14 +/- 2 pm/V. Importantly, these films exhibited excellent thermal stability, with only a 10% decrease in (I2(omega))(1/2) after 36 h at 85 degrees C and then 24 h at 150 degrees C. Furthermore, the (I2(omega))(1/2) recovered completely upon cooling to room temperature. These results with a commodity textile dye point to the potential value of this class of reactive chromophores and this self-assembly method for fabrication of electrooptic materials at ambient conditions from aqueous solutions.
Hand-Over-Face Input Sensing for Interaction with Smartphones through the Built-in Camera (2019)

This paper proposes using face as a touch surface and employing hand-over-face (HOF) gestures as a novel input modality for interaction with smartphones, especially when touch input is limited. We contribute InterFace, a general system framework that enables the HOF input modality using advanced computer vision techniques. As an examplar of the usage of this framework, we demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of HOF with an Android application for improving single-user and group selfie-taking experience through providing appearance customization in real-time. In a within-subjects study comparing HOF against touch input for single-user interaction, we found that HOF input led to significant improvements in accuracy and perceived workload, and was preferred by the participants. Qualitative results of an observational study also demonstrated the potential of HOF input modality to improve the user experience in multi-user interactions. Based on the lessons learned from our studies, we propose a set of potential applications of HOF to support smartphone interaction. We envision that the affordances provided by the this modality can expand the mobile interaction vocabulary and facilitate scenarios where touch input is limited or even not possible.