gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of low molecular weight advanced glycation end products in diabetic subjects (2003)

We conclude that circulating LMW-AGEs are increased in diabetic subjects. The major determinant appears to be renal dysfunction in the form of raised albumin/creatinine ratio or creatinine. There was no association with other markers of vascular disease or presence of diabetic complications.
Hadamard Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2005)

Traditionally, the spectrum acquired using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an average of multiple experimental cycles. Each cycle is initiated by passing a short burst of ions into a drift tube containing a homogeneous electric field. Prior to starting the subsequent cycle, all ions in the system must arrive at the detector or spectral overlap may occur. To maximize resolution, the ion pulse admitted to the drift tube is small in relation to the total scan time with the unfortunate consequence of an inherently low duty cycle (approximately 1%). Offering an improved SNR through a 50% duty cycle, the Hadamard transform (HT) applied to ion mobility spectrometry represents a fresh alternative to signal-averaged data acquisition. Initial results from measurements of amphetamine and cytochrome c samples indicate a 2-10-fold increase in SNR for the HT-IMS technique with no reduction in resolution.
A methodology for testing complex professional electronic systems (2012)

This paper presents a testing methodology for complex professional electronic systems, based on automation and black box testing, divided into 4 testing phases. The goal is full automation of the testing process, making the process of testing as reliable as possible, and cutting testing time and human interference to a minimum. Testing is performed during production, with an emphasis on the functionality of the device. All verifications must be executed before the device is launched on the market.
B-type natriuretic peptide: a myocyte-specific marker for characterizing load-induced alterations in cardiac gene expression (1998)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide are the known members of the mammalian natriuretic peptide system. ANP and BNP genes are expressed in a specific manner in cardiac myocytes. They are natriuretic and diuretic hormones and cause vasorelaxation. ANP is mainly synthesized in the atria of the normal adult heart. However, ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by an augmentation of the synthesis and release of ANP from the ventricles. BNP is expressed in both the atria and the ventricles, but is mainly released from the ventricles. The major determinant of ANP and BNP secretion is wall stretch, and the levels of BNP messenger RNA increase substantially in response to cardiac overload. Acute increase in BNP gene expression occurs within 1 h and mimics the rapid induction of proto-oncogenes in response to haemodynamic stress. BNP can be used as a myocyte-specific marker to identify mechanisms that couple acute mechanical overload to alterations in cardiac gene expression.
Calpain 3 Expression Pattern during Gastrocnemius Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration Following Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats (2015)

Calpain 3 (CAPN3), also known as p94, is a skeletal muscle-specific member of the calpain family that is involved in muscular dystrophy; however, the roles of CAPN3 in muscular atrophy and regeneration are yet to be understood. In the present study, we attempted to explain the effect of CAPN3 in muscle atrophy by evaluating CAPN3 expression in rat gastrocnemius muscle following reversible sciatic nerve injury. After nerve injury, the wet weight ratio and cross sectional area (CSA) of gastrocnemius muscle were decreased gradually from 1-14 days and then recovery from 14-28 days. The active form of CAPN3 (~62 kDa) protein decreased slightly on day 3 and then increased from day 7 to 14 before a decrease from day 14 to 28. The result of linear correlation analysis showed that expression of the active CAPN3 protein level was negatively correlated with muscle wet weight ratio. CAPN3 knockdown by short interfering RNA (siRNA) injection improved muscle recovery on days 7 and 14 after injury as compared to that observed with control siRNA treatment. Depletion of CAPN3 gene expression could promote myoblast differentiation in L6 cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that the expression pattern of the active CAPN3 protein is linked to muscle atrophy and regeneration following denervation: its upregulation during early stages may promote satellite cell renewal by inhibiting differentiation, whereas in later stages, CAPN3 expression may be downregulated to stimulate myogenic differentiation and enhance recovery. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into the role of CAPN3 protein in muscle regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
An efficient digital signature using self-certified public keys (2004)

In this paper, we first analyse the notion of self-certified public keys, which was first introduced by Girault [5], and then we extend it. After that, we will adopt the extended concept to propose a new signature scheme. The proposed scheme has a property that the signer's public key can simultaneously be authenticated in verifying the signature. Compared to earlier self-certified signature schemes, our scheme is more efficient and provable secure.
An Exploratory Study of Player and Team Performance in Multiplayer First-Person-Shooter Games (2011)

In this paper, we report findings from an exploratory study of player and team performance in Halo 3, a popular First-Person-Shooter game developed by Bungie. In the study, we first analyze player and team statistics obtained from the 2008 and 2009 seasons for professional Halo 3 games in order to investigate the impact of change in team composition on player and team performance. We then examine the impact of past performance on future performance of players and teams. Performing a large-scale experiment on a real-world dataset, we observe that player and team performance can be predicted with fairly high accuracy and that information about change in team composition can further improve the prediction results.
Learning to Segment Images Using Dynamic Feature Binding (1992)

Despite the fact that complex visual scenes contain multiple, overlapping objects, people perform object recognition with ease and accuracy. One operation that facilitates recognition is an early segmentation process in which features of objects are grouped and labeled according to which object they belong. Current computational systems that perform this operation are based on predefined grouping heuristics. We describe a system called MAGIC that learns how to group features based on a set of presegmented examples. In many cases, MAGIC discovers grouping heuristics similar to those previously proposed, but it also has the capability of finding nonintuitive structural regularities in images. Grouping is performed by a relaxation network that attempts to dynamically bind related features. Features transmit a complex-valued signal (amplitude and phase) to one another; binding can thus be represented by phase locking related features. MAGIC's training procedure is a generalization of recurrent backpropagation to complex-valued units.
Positive data kernel density estimation via the logKDE package for R (2018)

Kernel density estimators (KDEs) are ubiquitous tools for nonparametric estimation of probability density functions (PDFs), when data are obtained from unknown data generating processes. The KDEs that are typically available in software packages are defined, and designed, to estimate real-valued data. When applied to positive data, these typical KDEs do not yield bona fide PDFs. A log-transformation methodology can be applied to produce a nonparametric estimator that is appropriate and yields proper PDFs over positive supports. We call the KDEs obtained via this transformation log-KDEs. We derive expressions for the pointwise biases, variances, and mean-squared errors of the log- KDEs that are obtained via various kernel functions. Mean integrated squared error (MISE) and asymptotic MISE results are also provided and a plug-in rule for log-KDE bandwidths is derived. We demonstrate the log-KDEs methodology via our R package, logKDE. Real data case studies are provided to demonstrate the log-KDE approach.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Essential Hypertension (1991)

In six patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in six healthy volunteers (C) the effects of a 60-min intravenous (iv) infusion of human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) (24 ng/min/kg) on systemic and renal hemodynamics and renal excretory function were evaluated. Basal plasma ANP concentrations in patients with EH were higher (P less than .05) than in C (30.9 +/- 4.5 v14.0 +/- 1.7 pmol/L). Maximal effects of alpha-hANP infusion occurred after 30 to 60 min. Blood pressure (BP) declined from 154 +/- 5/109 +/- 4 to 139 +/- 7/94 +/- 4 in EH and from 117 +/- 1/72 +/- 2 to 106 +/- 1/65 +/- 3 mm Hg in C (P less than .05). Cardiac output (CO) increased transiently from 6.1 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 0.4 L/min in EH and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 7.2 +/- 0.5 L/min in C, whereas heart rate (HR) remained constant both in patients with EH and in C (69 +/- 3 to 72 +/- 5 and 60 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 3/min). The increases in urine flow and in urinary sodium excretion from 3.6 +/- 0.2 to 16.0 +/- 2.0 mL/min and from 230 +/- 33 to 1004 +/- 137 mumol/min, respectively, in EH were more pronounced than in C (from 3.9 +/- 1.0 to 8.4 +/- 0.8 mL/min and from 211 +/- 37 to 451 +/- 84 mumol/min); (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Six-Port Reflectometer Calibration Using the Minimum of Standards, (1983)

This report presents a unified treatment of theory for calibrating the six-port reflectometer and the dual reflectometer network analyzer for measuring power and scattering coefficients, given the minimum of standards for each. It describes a reflectometer in terms of voltage variables and reduces the calibration theory to equations in real unknowns to facilitate encoding the computation necessary for known calibration methods in a low-level computer language. The treatment forms the basis for software in use with six-port reflectometers and dual six-port network analysers in development at RSRE for comparing RF and microwave metrology standards. (Author)
Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions (2015)

Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that diffuse radiation from cloudy and overcast skies penetrates the canopy more effectively than direct radiation from clear skies. We compared the flux density and spectral properties of direct and diffuse radiation (around solar noon (±1 h)) above, within and below a forest stand under sunny, cloudy and overcast conditions in a thinned Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) forest (28 years old, with a leaf area index of approximately 5.2 m2 m−2). We recorded vertical profiles of radiation penetration (from 350 to 1050 nm), and we also explored the horizontal pattern of radiation along a 115 m transect. We showed that in "clear sky" conditions, the photosynthetically active radiation in the lower parts of the canopy was substantially attenuated, more so than under cloudy and overcast skies. It was particularly depleted in the blue part of the spectrum, but only slightly blue-depleted when the sky was overcast or cloudy. Moreover, the red : far-red ratio under clear skies fell to values less than 0.3 but only to 0.6 under cloudy or overcast skies. Near the ground, the light climate was strongly influenced by the thinning pattern (carried out in accordance with standard forestry management practice).
Efficient intensity modulation in a Ti-diffused LiNbO <sub>3</sub> branched optical waveguide device (1977)

By careful design of the Y-junctions and bends of a Ti-diffused LiNbO3 branched waveguide modulator, an efficient intensity modulator has been realised. The halfwave voltage is 2.0 V, the extinction ratio is –18 dB and the loss between the input and output channel waveguides is approximately 5 dB at 0.633 μm.
Adaptive redirected walking in a virtual world (2012)

Redirected walking enables the physical exploration of large virtual environments within the confines of more limited physical spaces. In this paper, we present a novel method for adaptively determining an appropriate mapping from a linear path in a larger virtual environment into a curved path in a smaller tracked space that simultaneously integrates the use of both rotational and translational offsets. We evaluate the method using a software simulator that redirects a user walking on random paths between 16 randomly selected target locations in a virtual environment that is twice as wide as the available tracked space. We find that our controller has a 77% success rate using an average rotational offset of 0.5 degrees per step and an average translational gain of 1.5.
Diffraction-limited operation from monolithically integrated diode laser array and self-imaging (Talbot) cavity (1989)

The monolithic integration of a linear array and a separately pumped self-imaging Talbot cavity has resulted in diffraction-limited single-lobe output beams to output powers in excess of 100 mW/facet. A study was made of the device operation as a function of the drive currents applied to the array region and the Talbot cavity.
Mass spectrometry for metabolic flux analysis (1999)

Mass spectrometry in combination with tracer experiments based on 13C substrates can serve as a powerful tool for the modeling and analysis of intracellular fluxes and the investigation of biochemical networks. The theoretical background for the application of mass spectrometry to metabolic flux analysis is discussed. Mass spectrometry methods are especially useful to determine mass distribution of metabolites. Additional information gained from fragmentation of metabolites, e.g., by electron impact ionization, allows further localization of labeling positions, up to complete resolution of isotopomer pools. To effectively handle mass distributions in simulation experiments, a matrix based general methodology is formulated. The natural isotope distribution of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen in the target metabolites is considered by introduction of correction matrices. It is shown by simulation results for the central carbon metabolism that neglecting natural isotope distributions causes significant errors in intracellular flux distributions. By varying relative fluxes into pentosephosphate pathway and pyruvate carboxylation reaction, marked changes in the mass distributions of metabolites result, which are illustrated for pyruvate, oxaloacetate, and α-ketoglutarate. In addition mass distributions of metabolites are significantly influenced over a broad range by the degree of reversibility of transaldolase and transketolase reactions in the pentosephosphate pathway. The mass distribution of metabolites is very sensitive towards intracellular flux patterns and can be measured with high accuracy by routine mass spectrometry methods. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 739–750, 1999.
Filtration as a Method for Air Quality Control in Occupied Spaces (1986)

Filtration, or removal control, is one of three methods currently available to provide acceptable indoor air quality in occupied spaces. While the other two methods, source and dilution control, are primarily employed for occupant needs, filtration has conventionally been used for protection of components within the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. In this paper, filtration technology is reviewed with respect to current ventilation standards for occupants. The difference between ventilation and air quality control is discussed in terms of acceptability criteria and control methods. Parameters that relate these terms are identified and control strategies are proposed that can be used to optimize removal and dilution methods for occupant acceptability and cost-effectiveness.
Room-temperature emission of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice quantum-cascade lasers at 12.6 μm (2002)

We report on the lasing properties of quantum-cascade lasers that combine the advantage of strong electron confinement with the superior performance of superlattice structures. To achieve an optimum band offset between wells and barriers, we chose an Al content of the AlGaAs barriers of 45%. We fabricated both conventional Fabry–Pérot lasers, as well as single-mode-emitting distributed-feedback lasers. In pulsed mode, the lasers work well up to temperatures as high as 40 °C. The emission wavelength at this temperature is 12.6 μm. At 78 K, some lasers show a low threshold current density of 1.6 kA/cm2, while others show a high optical peak power of 240 mW.
Pruning neural networks without any data by iteratively conserving synaptic flow (2020)

Pruning the parameters of deep neural networks has generated intense interest due to potential savings in time, memory and energy both during training and at test time. Recent works have identified, through an expensive sequence of training and pruning cycles, the existence of winning lottery tickets or sparse trainable subnetworks at initialization. This raises a foundational question: can we identify highly sparse trainable subnetworks at initialization, without ever training, or indeed without ever looking at the data? We provide an affirmative answer to this question through theory driven algorithm design. We first mathematically formulate and experimentally verify a conservation law that explains why existing gradient-based pruning algorithms at initialization suffer from layer-collapse, the premature pruning of an entire layer rendering a network untrainable. This theory also elucidates how layer-collapse can be entirely avoided, motivating a novel pruning algorithm Iterative Synaptic Flow Pruning (SynFlow). This algorithm can be interpreted as preserving the total flow of synaptic strengths through the network at initialization subject to a sparsity constraint. Notably, this algorithm makes no reference to the training data and consistently competes with or outperforms existing state-of-the-art pruning algorithms at initialization over a range of models (VGG and ResNet), datasets (CIFAR-10/100 and Tiny ImageNet), and sparsity constraints (up to 99.99 percent). Thus our data-agnostic pruning algorithm challenges the existing paradigm that, at initialization, data must be used to quantify which synapses are important.
MANIPULATED SYNCHRONIZATION: BEAM STEERING IN PHASED ARRAYS (2000)

We consider a relatively new application of mutually interacting, synchronized oscillators. The idea is to intentionally introduce variations among the elements to induce phase shifts between the oscillators. Though often unwanted, in certain instances these phase shifts are highly desirable: We discuss how to manipulate array parameters in order to steer and scan the beam emanating from radiating arrays.
[Research progress of co-culture system for constructing vascularized tissue engineered bone]. (2014)

The strategy of the co-culture system for constructing vascularized tissue engineered bone would have a very broad prospects for clinical application in future.
Microfabricated Inductive Micropositioning Sensor for Measurement of a Linear Movement (2006)

An inductive device with a moving core will change its inductance as a function of the core position. By extending this principle to a microtransformer with multiple evenly spaced cores, a measurement system combining features of analog (variable reluctance) and incremental positioning may be devised. For detecting the direction of motion system (to know in which direction to count), an incremental length-measurement system not only requires one, but two output signals, which have to be offset by 90deg. This paper presents a microtransformer-based positioning system fulfilling these requirements. It presents the fabrication technology employed and discusses experimental test results
Developments of Chiral Metallocenes as Polymerization Catalysts (2005)

This review article describes developments in chiral metallocenes as polymerization catalysts focusing on C2 symmetric ansa-zirconocene complexes. Selective synthesis of rac-isomers of ansa-zirconocenes are surveyed. Isospecific polymerizations of propylene catalyzed by chiral zirconocenes are summarized. Advanced series of polymerizations by chiral metallocenes such as asymmetric polymerization and polymerization of polar monomers are also introduced.
ASAP7: A finFET-Based Framework for Academic VLSI Design at the 7 nm Node (2018)

This chapter focuses on the development of a realistic process design kit (PDK) for academic use that overcomes certain limitations. The PDK, developed for the N7 node before 7 nm processes were available even in industry, is thus predictive. The predictions have been based on publications of the continually improving lithography, as well as our estimates of what would be available at N7. For the most part, these assumptions have been accurate, except for the expectation that extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography would be widely available, which has turned out to be optimistic. The background and impact on design technology co-optimization (DTCO) for standard cells and static random access memory (SRAM) comprises this chapter.
Smoothness in layers: Motion segmentation using nonparametric mixture estimation (2002)

Grouping based on common motion, or "common fate" provides a powerful cue for segmenting image sequences. Recently a number of algorithms have been developed that successfully perform motion segmentation by assuming that the motion of each group can be described by a low dimensional parametric model (e.g. affine). Typically the assumption is that motion segments correspond to planar patches in 3D undergoing rigid motion. Here we develop an alternative approach, where the motion of each group is described by a smooth dense flow field and the stability of the estimation is ensured by means of a prior distribution on the class of flow fields. We present a variant of the EM algorithm that can segment image sequences by fitting multiple smooth flow fields to the spatiotemporal data. Using the method of Green's functions, we show how the estimation of a single smooth flow field can be performed in closed form, thus making the multiple model estimation computationally feasible. Furthermore, the number of models is estimated automatically using similar methods to those used in the parametric approach. We illustrate the algorithm's performance on synthetic and real image sequences.
Molecular and prospective phenotypic characterization of a pedigree with familial Alzheimer's disease and a missense mutation in codon 717 of the β‐amyloid precursor protein gene (1992)

We present prospective clinical and neuropathologic details of a pedigree segregating familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) associated with a mutation (G----A substitution) at nucleotide 2149 in exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. This mutation, which is predicted to cause the missense substitution of isoleucine for valine at codon 717 of APP, cosegregated perfectly with the FAD trait (lod score = 3.49 at theta = 0.00). The earliest clinical manifestations of the disease relate to deficits in memory function, cognitive processing speed, and attention to complex cognitive sets. These changes occurred in the absence of changes in nonmemory language and visuospatial functions. The neuropathologic features of FAD associated with the APP717 mutation in this family include severe neuronal loss, abundant neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and amyloid angiopathy. These results provide independent confirmation that mutations in the APP gene are linked to the FAD trait in some families.