gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoflavone Contents, Antioxidative and Fibrinolytic Activities of Some Commercial Cooking-with-Rice Soybeans (2002)

Isoflavone (daidzein and genistein) contents, and antioxidative and fibrinolytic activities of seven commercial Korean cooking-with-rice soybeans, including Seonbikong, Chungtae, Gangnamkong, Whangtae, Geodoo, Seolitae, and Wooltalikong were investigated. Daidzein and genistein were not found in Selitae, nor was didzein in Gangnamkong and Geodoo. Total daidzein and genistein levels in Chungtae and Whangtae were 500 and 1550 mg per kg, respectively. Wooltalikong, Whangtae, and Gangnamkong had very high electron donation abilities, over 90%, but Seonbikong and Chungtae showed significantly lower activities. SOD-like activities were also the highest in Gangnamkong and Wooltalikong. Fibrinolytic activities in Seonbikong, Whangtae, and Gangnamkong were similarly strong. Fibrinolytic substances purified from protease inhibitors or activated under various pH or heat treatment conditions, were different among the soybean varieties. This study revealed that, although several cooking-with-rice soybeans were poor in isoflavones, Wooltalikong and Gangnamkong could be good sources for functional products due to their strong antioxidative activities, and heat- and acid-resistant proteolytic abilities.
Paired FinFET Charge Trap Flash Memory for Vertical High Density Storage (2006)

A new type of memory, paired FinFET charge trap memory is reported. It consists of two split silicon fins and insulator between them. Two channels are formed on the outer surface of silicon so doubled integration density can be achieved. We successfully fabricated paired FinFET SONOS devices. It shows good program and erase characteristics. Independent programming on each storage nodes is demonstrated. The circuit configuration for NAND flash application is also proposed
Some problems with the notion of context-aware computing (2002)

Ask not for whom the cell phone tolls.
Energy-efficient Spin-Transfer Torque RAM cache exploiting additional all-zero-data flags (2013)

Large on-chip caches account for a considerable fraction of the total energy consumption in modern microprocessors. In this context, emerging Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) has been regarded as a promising candidate to replace large on-chip SRAM caches in virtue of its nature of the zero leakage. However, large energy requirement of STT-RAM on write operations, resulting in a huge amount of dynamic energy consumption, precludes it from application to on-chip cache designs. In order to reduce the write energy of the STT-RAM cache thereby the total energy consumption, this paper provides an architectural technique which exploits the fact that many applications process a large number of zero data. The proposed design appends additional flags in cache tag arrays and set these additional bits if the corresponding data in the cache line is the zero-valued data in which all data bits are zero. Our experimental results show that the proposed cache design can reduce 73.78% and 69.30% of the dynamic energy on write operations at the byte and word granularities, respectively; total energy consumption reduced by 36.18% and 42.51%, respectively. In addition to the energy reduction, performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed cache improves the processor performance by 5.44% on average.
Infection of human papillomaviruses in cancers of different human organ sites. (2009)

Clinico-epidemiological and molecular studies have established the casual link between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as also association of HPV infection with several other cancers. In India, cervical cancer is a leading cancer among women and almost all cases of cervical cancer show prevalence of High Risk (HR)-HPV infection. HPV has been also detected in a significant proportion of oral, esophageal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancer and in a small percentage of lung, laryngeal, and stomach cancer in India. Due to lack of organized HPV screening program, insufficient infrastructure and trained manpower and inadequacy in cancer registries, there are not much data available on the countrywide HPV prevalence and its type distribution in different cancers in India. Forthcoming introduction of recently developed HPV vaccines in India given a new urgency to know the prevalence and distribution of various HPV types in different organ sites for the management and monitoring of vaccination program and its impact on prevalence of other cancers. This review, summarizes studies on the prevalence of HPV infection in cancers of different organ sites in India.
Opportunistic spatio-temporal dissemination system for vehicular networks (2007)

Opportunistic dissemination protocols have potentially applications in the domain of vehicular networking, ranging from advertising to emergency/traffic/parking information spreading: one of the characteristics of vehicular networks is that they are often partitioned due to lack of continuity in connectivity among cars or limited coverage of infostations in remote areas. Most available opportunistic, or delay tolerant, networking protocols, however, fail to take into account the peculiarities of vehicular networks.
Data analysis for photolithography (1999)

This paper will propose standard methodologies for analyzing common lithographic data in three areas: photoresist contrast curves, swing curves, and focus-exposure matrices. For most data types, physics-based algebraic equations will be proposed to fit the data. The coefficients of these equation will offer physical insight into the meaning and nature of the data. The equations will be fit to the data using standard non-linear least-squares fitting algorithms with standard statistical test for removing data flyers and options for weighting the data. Analysis of the resulting curve fits will provide important information about the data. For the case of contrast curve data, the curve fits will yield resist contrast and dose-to-clear results. For swing curves, the swing ratio, period and the positions of the minimums and maximums will be provided. For focus- exposure data, process windows will be generated based on resist profile specifications. These process windows will then be analyzed by fitting rectangles or ellipses inside the window and determining the resulting exposure latitude/depth of focus trade-of. By specifying the desired exposure latitude, for example, the depth of focus and the best focus and best exposure to yield this maximum depth of focus will be calculated. Multiple process window overlaps can also be analyzed.
Reactions of Mitochondrial Cruciform Cutting Endonuclease 1 (CCE1) of Yeast <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> with Branched DNAs <i>in Vitro</i> (1996)

Cruciform-cutting endonuclease 1 (CCE1) is an X-solvase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Kleff, S., Kemper, B. & Sternglanz, R. (1992) EMBO J. 11, 699-704]. We report here the purification of the cloned enzyme CCE1 to near homogeneity from over-expressing Escherichia coli cells. The purified protein has a globular shape and an apparent molecular mass of 38 kDa. CCE1 reacts specifically with branched DNAs, preferably with four-armed cruciforms. The enzyme linearizes native supercoiled DNA by cutting at the base of cruciform structures as they occur in derivatives of phage M13. Supercoiling was not required for cleavage per se and a relaxed circular DNA hybrid with a stable cruciform was linearized with the same relative cleavage efficiency. Fully synthetic cruciforms (four-armed X-junctions) were also good substrates for CCE1, provided a symmetric 6-bp sequence (in our case an EcoRI restriction site) was maintained at the junction. Consequently, a synthetic cruciform made from fully randomized oligonucleotide sequences was not a substrate for CCE1. In general, cleavage sites were found clustered in a characteristic pattern in each arm of a cruciform structure. A synthetic three-armed Y-junction was also cleaved by CCE1, but with a lower efficiency than the related four-armed construct. CCE1 resolves efficiently branched synthetic DNAs in vitro. The function is consistent with the idea that CCE1 is responsible for a timely reversal of branched recombination intermediates preceding petite formation in mitochondrial DNA.
Protein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles modulate uptake and antigen presentation of hen egg-white lysozyme by murine peritoneal macrophages (2010)

Chitosan binds to negatively charged tripolyphosphate (TPP) by an electrostatic interaction driven by its positively charged amino group. This interaction allows developing stable nanoparticles suitable as a carrier and controlled release system for drugs and vaccines. We study the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNp) on the uptake and antigen presentation of the model protein hen-egg white lysozyme (HEL) to peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice. Results showed that after four hours of pre-incubation with a T-cell hybridoma line cocultured with murine peritoneal macrophages, only trace amounts of IL-2 were detected in treatments with HEL alone, whereas cocultures treated with HEL-CNp had already reached maximum IL-2 expression. Confocal microscopy studies showed that CNp had a higher uptake rate of the fluorescently labelled protein than the protein itself after 30 min of incubation with the peritoneal macrophages. Our results suggest that CNp system is a potential candidate for an oral vaccine delivery system.
77 GHz radar sensor for car application (2002)

This paper describes the development of a radar sensor system in the 77 GHz domain and the current status of experimental trials. The radar concept and the signal processing has been developed by Technical University Braunschweig and the trials are being performed by Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg. The application background for a car radar sensor is outlined and a requirement profile is derived therefrom. A standard hardware platform for a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system is described. A coded step-form of frequency modulation in the transmission signal will be used to confirm real objects and to eliminate ghost targets in the signal processing unit. The application of a residual-class code with its special correlation properties ensures a high level detection probability of all objects inside the observation area with unambiguous target parameters. Additionally, a new digital calibration procedure will be used for correction of typical analog receiver errors.
Centromere location in <i>Arabidopsis</i> is unaltered by extreme divergence in CENH3 protein sequence (2017)

During cell division, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at centromeres. The DNA sequence at regional centromeres is fast evolving with no conserved genetic signature for centromere identity. Instead CENH3, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant, is the epigenetic signature that specifies centromere location across both plant and animal kingdoms. Paradoxically, CENH3 is also adaptively evolving. An ongoing question is whether CENH3 evolution is driven by a functional relationship with the underlying DNA sequence. Here, we demonstrate that despite extensive protein sequence divergence, CENH3 histones from distant species assemble centromeres on the same underlying DNA sequence. We first characterized the organization and diversity of centromere repeats in wild-type <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> We show that <i>A. thaliana</i> CENH3-containing nucleosomes exhibit a strong preference for a unique subset of centromeric repeats. These sequences are largely missing from the genome assemblies and represent the youngest and most homogeneous class of repeats. Next, we tested the evolutionary specificity of this interaction in a background in which the native <i>A. thaliana</i> CENH3 is replaced with CENH3s from distant species. Strikingly, we find that CENH3 from <i>Lepidium oleraceum</i> and <i>Zea mays</i>, although specifying epigenetically weaker centromeres that result in genome elimination upon outcrossing, show a binding pattern on <i>A. thaliana</i> centromere repeats that is indistinguishable from the native CENH3. Our results demonstrate positional stability of a highly diverged CENH3 on independently evolved repeats, suggesting that the sequence specificity of centromeres is determined by a mechanism independent of CENH3.
Structural Features and Stability of an RNA Triple Helix in Solution (1996)

A 30 nt RNA with a sequence designed to form an intramolecular triple helix was analyzed by one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and UV absorption measurements. NMR data show that the RNA contains seven pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine base triples stabilized by Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen interactions. The temperature dependence of the imino proton resonances, as well as UV absorption data, indicate that the triple helix is highly stable at acidic pH, melting in a single sharp transition centered at 62 degrees C at pH 4.3. The Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen pairings are disrupted simultaneously upon melting. The NMR data are consistent with a structural model where the Watson-Crick paired strands form an A-helix. Results of model building, guided by NMR data, suggest a possible hydrogen bond between the 2' hydroxyl proton of the Hoogsteen strand and a phosphate oxygen of the purine strand. The structural model is discussed in terms of its ability to account for some of the differences in stability reported for RNA and DNA triple helices and provides insight into features that are likely to be important in the design of RNA binding compounds.
Promoter specificity in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> quorum sensing revealed by DNA binding of purified LasR (2004)

Along with their cognate acyl-homoserine lactone signals, the quorum sensing regulators LasR and RhlR control the expression of hundreds of genes in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This extensive, overlapping regulatory network affords the opportunity to systematically investigate the sequence requirements and specificity determinants of large families of target promoters. Many of the P. aeruginosa quorum-controlled genes possess conserved palindromic promoter elements predicted to be binding sites for either one or both transcriptional regulators, but biochemical proof has not been reported. We have purified native LasR and characterized binding to various quorum-controlled promoters in vitro. Purified LasR was a dimer in solution that irreversibly bound two molecules of 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone. LasR bound several las-responsive promoters specifically and with high affinity, interacting cooperatively with some promoters and noncooperatively with others. LasR recognized some, but not all, of the predicted binding sites, and also bound to several unexpected sites. In contrast to predictions from genetic data, we found that the recognition sequences of las-specific promoters showed little overall sequence conservation and did not require dyad symmetry. We found distinct differences in sequence composition between las-specific noncooperative, las-specific cooperative, and rhl-responsive promoters. These results provide the basis for defining promoter specificity elements in P. aeruginosa quorum sensing. Insights into the molecular mechanism of LasR function have implications for the development of quorum-sensing targeted antivirulence compounds.
<title>Implementation of radio access protocols in WATMnet, a prototype wireless ATM network</title> (1998)

Wireless ATM provides a framework for next-generation wireless communication networks supporting QoS based multimedia services. A proof-of-concept prototype of a Wireless ATM network, termed WATMnet, has been developed at NEC USA C&C Research Labs in Princeton, NJ. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of radio access protocol layers in WATMnet. We also present results from an experimental evaluation of the various protocol layers and their effect on higher layer performance.
Similarities and Differences Between Fiber Acoustics and Fiber Optics (1985)

An introductory comparison of guided wave properties and sensor applications between weakly guiding acoustic and optical fibers is given. The mathematical expressions of dispersion relations, cutoff c onditions, etc for the flexural, t orsional and radial-axial acoustic modes in a weakly guiding acoustic fiber a re shown to be identical to those for the hybrid, transverse electric and transverse magnetic optic modes in a weakly guiding optical fiber. But no analogy is found between the longitudinal acoustic mode and any optical mode. Cladded glass f iber waveguides using pure and doped fused silica as core or cladding materials can be used for e ither f iber acoustic or fiber optical waveguides or both simultaneously . For both types of waveguides, dispersion properties, loss mechanisms, coupling considerations and industrial applications are discussed.
Exploiting Syllable Structure in a Connectionist Phonology Model (1990)

In a previous paper (Touretzky &amp; Wheeler, 1990a) we showed how adding a clustering operation to a connectionist phonology model produced a parallel pro-cessing account of certain &quot;iterative &quot; phenomena. In this paper we show how the addition of a second structuring primitive, syllabification, greatly increases the power of the model. We present examples from a non-Indo-European language that appear to require rule ordering to at least a depth of four. By adding syllab-ification circuitry to structure the model&apos;s perception of the input string, we are able to handle these examples with only two derivational steps. We conclude that in phonology, derivation can be largely replaced by structuring. 1
DC-Bus Signaling: A Distributed Control Strategy for a Hybrid Renewable Nanogrid (2006)

A dc nanogrid is a hybrid renewable system since renewable sources supply the average load demand, while storage and nonrenewable generation maintain the power balance in the presence of the stochastic renewable sources. The system is power electronic based, with converters being used to interface both the sources and loads to the system. The nanogrid is controlled using dc-bus signaling (DBS), a distributed control strategy in which the control nodes, the source/storage interface converters, induce voltage-level changes to communicate with the other control nodes. This paper explains the control structure required for the converters to permit the use of DBS, and explains a procedure for implementing a system-wide control law through independent control of the source/storage interface converters. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the operation of this novel control strategy
Halofuginone-Induced Amino Acid Starvation Regulates Stat3-Dependent Th17 Effector Function and Reduces Established Autoimmune Inflammation (2014)

The IL-23 pathway is genetically linked to autoimmune disease in humans and is required for pathogenic Th17 cell function in mice. However, because IL-23R-expressing mature Th17 cells are rare and poorly defined in mice at steady-state, little is known about IL-23 signaling. In this study, we show that the endogenous CCR6(+) memory T cell compartment present in peripheral lymphoid organs of unmanipulated mice expresses Il23r ex vivo, displays marked proinflammatory responses to IL-23 stimulation in vitro, and is capable of transferring experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor halofuginone blocks IL-23-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and IL-23-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression in endogenous CCR6(+) Th17 cells via activation of the amino acid starvation response (AAR) pathway. In vivo, halofuginone shows therapeutic efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, reducing both established disease progression and local Th17 cell effector function within the CNS. Mechanistically, AAR activation impairs Stat3 responses downstream of multiple cytokine receptors via selective, posttranscriptional suppression of Stat3 protein levels. Thus, our study reveals latent pathogenic functions of endogenous Th17 cells that are regulated by both IL-23 and AAR pathways and identifies a novel regulatory pathway targeting Stat3 that may underlie selective immune regulation by the AAR.
Signal Reconstruction by Phase Retrieval and Optical Backpropagation in Phase-Diverse Photonic Time-Stretch Systems (2007)

The signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of photonic time-stretch (PTS) systems have previously been limited due to the nonlinear distortion caused by modulator response and dispersive propagation. In this paper, we present a novel method for the reconstruction of the input signal from two phase-diverse intensity measurements. The method consists of optical phase retrieval at the measurement point followed by simulated optical backpropagation to the modulation point. By numerical simulation of a PTS system with realistic parameters, we analyze the proposed method and compare it with the previously suggested maximum ratio combining (MRC) method. We show that the proposed optical backpropagation method, unlike the MRC method that treats the system as being linear from electrical input to output, can reconstruct the signal even at a large modulation depth and that the method is insensitive to biasing error or drift and not overly sensitive to misestimation of system parameters. Furthermore, to reduce the computational effort associated with the simulation of PTS systems, we present a numerical propagation method whereby the required number of sampling points is reduced by several orders of magnitude.
An Introduction to the Crystallographre's World. 4. Microstructures in Metallic Alloys Examined by Small-Angle Scattering (SAS). (1999)

Small-angle scattering (SAS) is a very powerful tool to examine heterogeneous microstructures that often appears in metallic materials. In the present chapter, several examples are given to show how the readers can make use of SAS techniques in the research of phase transformation and microstructural assessment in metallic alloys.
TLR2 Is a Primary Receptor for Alzheimer’s Amyloid β Peptide To Trigger Neuroinflammatory Activation (2011)

Microglia activated by extracellularly deposited amyloid β peptide (Aβ) act as a two-edged sword in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: on the one hand, they damage neurons by releasing neurotoxic proinflammatory mediators (M1 activation); on the other hand, they protect neurons by triggering anti-inflammatory/neurotrophic M2 activation and by clearing Aβ via phagocytosis. TLRs are associated with Aβ-induced microglial inflammatory activation and Aβ internalization, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used real-time surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and conventional biochemical pull-down assays to demonstrate a direct interaction between TLR2 and the aggregated 42-aa form of human Aβ (Aβ42). TLR2 deficiency reduced Aβ42-triggered inflammatory activation but enhanced Aβ phagocytosis in cultured microglia and macrophages. By expressing TLR2 in HEK293 cells that do not endogenously express TLR2, we observed that TLR2 expression enabled HEK293 cells to respond to Aβ42. Through site-directed mutagenesis of tlr2 gene, we identified the amino acids EKKA (741-744) as a critical cytoplasmic domain for transduction of inflammatory signals. By coexpressing TLR1 or TLR6 in TLR2-transgenic HEK293 cells or silencing tlrs genes in RAW264.7 macrophages, we observed that TLR2-mediated Aβ42-triggered inflammatory activation was enhanced by TLR1 and suppressed by TLR6. Using bone marrow chimeric Alzheimer's amyloid precursor transgenic mice, we observed that TLR2 deficiency in microglia shifts M1- to M2-inflammatory activation in vivo, which was associated with improved neuronal function. Our study demonstrated that TLR2 is a primary receptor for Aβ to trigger neuroinflammatory activation and suggested that inhibition of TLR2 in microglia could be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.