gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of transcripts encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide in messenger RNAs from a variety of human and animal tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (1988)

The syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) appears to be mediated in many instances by a parathyroid hormone-like peptide, which has recently been purified, sequenced, and cloned. Using a probe representing the coding region of the human PTH-like peptide, we examined by Northern analysis poly (A)+ RNA from a variety of human and animal tumors associated with HHM. Hybridizing transcripts were identified in mRNA from each of 12 human and each of four animal HHM-associated tumors, with a complex hybridization pattern observed in the human mRNAs and a relatively simple pattern observed in the animal mRNAs. Poly (A)+ RNA prepared from tumors of similar histological types unassociated with HHM failed to hybridize with the probe. Messenger RNA-dependent biological activity from the animal tumors was entirely eliminated in a hybridization-arrest experiment using a complementary oligonucleotide spanning the region of homology between human PTH and the PTH-like peptide. These findings indicate that the PTH-like peptide is associated with the syndrome of HHM in a wide spectrum of tumor types from a variety of mammalian species and that the PTH-like sequence in the proximal amino terminus of the peptide is highly conserved.
Diverse Physical States of Amorphous Precursors in Zeolite Synthesis (2018)

The assembly and structural evolution of amorphous precursors during zeolite crystallization is an important area of interest owing to their putative roles in the nucleation and growth of aluminosilicate microporous materials. Precursors range in complexity from oligomeric molecules and colloidal particles to gels comprised of heterogeneous silica and alumina domains. The physical state of precursors in most zeolite syntheses is generally not well understood; however, it is evident that the physicochemical properties of precursors depend on a wide range of conditions that include (but are not limited to) the selection of reagents, the composition of growth mixtures, the methods of preparation, and the use of inorganic and/or organic structure-directing agents. The fact that precursors evolve in size, shape, and/or microstructure during the course of nucleation and potentially throughout crystallization leads to questions pertaining to their mode of action in the formation of zeolites. This also highlights the diversity of species that are present in growth media, thus rendering the topic of zeolite synthesis essentially a black box to those attempting to better understand the fundamental role(s) of precursors. In this Article, we discuss the wide variety of precursors encountered in the synthesis of various framework types, emphasizing their complex physical states and the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern their heterogeneity.
Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016)

There is much uncertainty surrounding the benefits and harms of colchicine treatment. Colchicine may have substantial benefits in reducing myocardial infarction in selected high-risk populations but uncertainty about the size of the effect on survival and other cardiovascular outcomes is high, especially in the general population from which most of the studies in our review were drawn. Colchicine is associated with gastrointestinal side effects based on low-quality evidence. More evidence from large-scale randomised trials is needed.
Recent strategies to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus (2009)

Recent technologies have made it possible to efficiently identify several broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus. With these advances comes a potential new age in influenza virus vaccine development and the possibility of effective, therapeutic immunotherapy.
Immunoassay of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (1997)

Abstract Accurate measurement of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is important for precise definition of its physiological roles and potential diagnostic values. Because altered phosphorylation results in altered IGFBP-1 immunoreactivity, current assays may significantly underestimate or fail to detect physiological changes in the IGFBP-1 concentrations. We developed three ELISAs (ELISA 1–3) using a common capture but three different detection antibodies. IGFBP-1 in serum, synovial fluid (SF), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and amniotic fluid (AF) were measured before and after treatment with alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Among the methods, only ELISA-1 was unaffected by IGFBP-1 phosphorylation and generated identical results before and after ALP treatment. The serum and SF values by ELISA-2 and -3 were lower by ∼4- to 10-fold, but increased after ALP treatment to within 66–98% of those by ELISA-1. The medians in AF, and to a lesser extent in CSF, by all methods were similar and did not change significantly after dephosphorylation. ELISA-1 showed excellent correlation with ELISA-2, ELISA-3, and a commercial IGFBP-1 IRMA only after ALP-treated samples were analyzed by the comparative methods. ELISA-1 is highly specific for IGFBP-1 and demonstrated acceptable analytical performance characteristics.
A mechanism of cell death involving an adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling pathway is induced by the Cry1Ab toxin of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (2006)

Many pathogenic organisms and their toxins target host cell receptors, the consequence of which is altered signaling events that lead to aberrant activity or cell death. A significant body of literature describes various molecular and cellular aspects of toxins associated with bacterial invasion, colonization, and host cell disruption. However, there is little information on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the insecticidal action of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins. Recently, we reported that the Cry1Ab toxin produced by Bt kills insect cells by activating a Mg(2+)-dependent cytotoxic event upon binding of the toxin to its receptor BT-R(1). Here we show that binding of Cry toxin to BT-R(1) provokes cell death by activating a previously undescribed signaling pathway involving stimulation of G protein (G(alphas)) and adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP levels, and activation of protein kinase A. Induction of the adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A pathway is manifested by sequential cytological changes that include membrane blebbing, appearance of ghost nuclei, cell swelling, and lysis. The discovery of a toxin-induced cell death pathway specifically linked to BT-R(1) in insect cells should provide insights into how insects evolve resistance to Bt and into the development of new, safer insecticides.
Monitoring of HTS Compound Library Quality via a High-Resolution Image Acquisition and Processing Instrument (2011)

This report presents the high-resolution image acquisition and processing instrument for compound management applications (HIAPI-CM). The HIAPI-CM combines imaging spectroscopy and machine-vision analysis to perform rapid assessment of high-throughput screening (HTS) compound library quality. It has been customized to detect and classify typical artifacts found in HTS compound library microtiter plates (MTPs). These artifacts include (1) insufficient volume of liquid compound sample, (2) compound precipitation, and (3) colored compounds that interfere with HTS assay detection format readout. The HIAPI-CM is also configured to automatically query and compare its analysis results to data stored in a LIMS or corporate database, aiding in the detection of compound registration errors. To demonstrate its capabilities, several compound plates (n=5760 wells total) containing different artifacts were measured via automated HIAPI-CM analysis, and results compared with those obtained by manual (visual) inspection. In all cases, the instrument demonstrated high fidelity (99.8% empty wells; 100.1% filled wells; 94.4% for partially filled wells; 94.0% for wells containing colored compounds), and in the case of precipitate detection, the HIAPI-CM results significantly exceeded the fidelity of visual observations (220.0%). As described, the HIAPI-CM allows for noninvasive, nondestructive MTP assessment with a diagnostic throughput of about 1min per plate, reducing analytical expenses and improving the quality and stewardship of HTS compound libraries.
Exploring the Potential of Table - top X-ray Lasers and Capillary Discharges for Applications (2002)

The advantages of using of table top x‐ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been described. Examples of the first successful use of XRLs, the current efforts in applying them and the potential applications where an XRL can be used in future have been discussed. Modeling results showing the possibility of 3–4 times shorter wavelength capillary discharge x‐ray lasers and calculated spectrum of Xe capillary EUV source are presented.
Neuromorphic Architecture With 1M Memristive Synapses for Detection of Weakly Correlated Inputs (2017)

Neuromorphic computing takes inspiration from the brain to build highly parallel, energy- and area-efficient architectures. Recently, hardware realizations of neurons and synapses using memristive devices were proposed and applied for the task of correlation detection. However, for weakly correlated signals, this task becomes challenging because of the variability and the asymmetric conductance response of the memristive devices. In this brief, we propose a high-density memristive system realized using nanodevices based on phase-change technology. We present a noise-robust phase-change implementation of a neuron and a synaptic learning rule that is capable of capturing patterns of weakly correlated inputs. We experimentally demonstrate the operation with a correlation coefficient as low as 0.2 using a record number of 1M phase-change synapses.
Baseband Equivalent Volterra Series for Behavioral Modeling and Digital Predistortion of Power Amplifiers Driven With Wideband Carrier Aggregated Signals (2014)

This paper presents a new baseband equivalent (BBE) Volterra-series model suitable for the behavioral modeling and linearization of wideband RF power amplifiers (PAs). Starting with passband Volterra series, and following a number of signal transformations, a discrete expression relating the envelopes of the output and input signals to the carrier frequency was derived. The new BBE Volterra series reduces the number of kernels, and hence, avoids resorting to the pruning approaches commonly applied in the literature to the classical low-pass equivalent (LPE) Volterra formulation. The proposed baseband Volterra series has similar modeling and linearization performance to the full classical LPE Volterra series. It also outperforms the pruned LPE Volterra models, which use a dynamic deviation reduction approach, in terms of both linearization performance and complexity. The proposed BBE Volterra series was successfully used to linearize different PAs (200-W LDMOS Doherty and 45-W broadband GaN PA) driven with wideband and intra-band carrier aggregated signals (mixed LTE and WCDMA signals).
Evaluation of the ERC virtual impactor (1974)

Measurements have been made on a dichotomous virtual impactor developed by the Environmental Research Corporation. The object was to study the feasibility of employing the virtual impaction scheme in air samplers to collect size fractionated particle samples for subsequent x-ray fluorescence analysis. The size separation characteristics and losses as a function of particle size at specific locations within the apparatus were determined. It was found that except for the intrinsic losses near the size cut point, most of the losses can be significantiy reduced with improved design. The prospect of large scale deployment of virtual impactors for continuous air monitoring is favorable. (auth)
Synthesis in Escherichia coli of the reovirus nonstructural protein sigma NS (1985)

The coding region of reovirus type 3 genomic segment S3, encoding the nonstructural protein sigma NS, was placed under the control of the bacteriophage lambda pL promoter in the Escherichia coli expression plasmid pRC23 (J.C. Lacal, E. Santos, V. Notario, M. Barbacid, S. Yamazaki, H.-F. Kung, C. Seamans, S. McAndrew, and R. Crowl, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5305-5309). Derepression of the pL promoter led to the synthesis of a protein of the same molecular weight as sigma NS produced in reovirus-infected L cells. The expressed protein was indistinguishable from authentic sigma NS by peptide mapping with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and by immunoblot analysis. Most importantly, the purified protein had nucleic acid-binding properties similar to that previously shown for sigma NS obtained from infected cells. Binding of single-stranded RNAs by recombinant sigma NS protein was inhibited by GTP.
Grafting of Cross-Linked Hydrogel Networks to Titanium Surfaces (2013)

The performance of medical implants and devices is dependent on the biocompatibility of the interfacial region between tissue and the implant material. Polymeric hydrogels are attractive materials for use as biocompatible surface coatings for metal implants. In such systems, a factor that is critically important for the longevity of an implant is the formation of a robust bond between the hydrogel layer and the implant metal surface and the ability for this assembly to withstand physiological conditions. Here, we describe the grafting of cross-linked hydrogel networks to titanium surfaces using grit-blasting and subsequent chemical functionalization using a silane-based adhesion promoter. Metal surface characterization was carried out using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Hydrogel layers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA), poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA), or poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEG/PAA) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) have been prepared. The mechanical properties of these hydrogel-metal assemblies have been characterized using lap-shear measurements, and the surface morphology was studied by SEM and EDX. We have shown that both high surface roughness and chemical functionalization are critical for adhesion of the hydrogel layer to the titanium substrate.
Quantum well and quantum dot energy harvesting devices (2011)

Quantum structured solar cells seek to harness a wide spectrum of photons at high voltages by embedding low energy-gap wells or dots within a high energy-gap matrix. Quantum well and quantum dot solar cells have the potential to deliver ultra-high power conversion efficiencies in single junction devices, efficiencies that in theory can approach 45% in un-concentrated sunlight over a wide range of environmental conditions. In this paper, we will briefly review the theoretical underpinnings of quantum well and quantum dot photovoltaic devices, and summarize recent experimental efforts developing quantum-structured solar cell devices. In a specific example, test devices utilizing radiation-hard, III-V nitride materials have been built using both bulk and multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. Photovoltaic devices with an InGaN MQW structure are shown to outperform devices employing a thicker, bulk InGaN layer. These results, along with the underlying theoretical foundations, suggest that quantum well and quantum dot structures can enhance the performance of photovoltaic devices for a variety of defense applications.
Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds (2003)

We study the enhancement of two-photon absorption (TPA) in a series of porphyrins and tetraazaporphyrins by measuring the absolute TPA cross sections with 100-fs-duration pulses in two ranges of laser wavelengths, from 1100 to 1500 and from 700 to 800 nm. The cross section in the Q transition region is σ2∼1–10 GM (where 1 GM=10-50 cm4 s-1 photons-1), a value that is explained by partial lifting of the prohibition that is due to a parity selection rule. In the Soret transition region we find σ2 enhancement by ∼1 order of magnitude owing to the Q transition, which acts as a near-resonance intermediate state, and also owing to the presence of gerade energy levels, which we identify in this spectral region. In tetraazaporphyrins symmetrically substituted with strong electron acceptors, we find further enhancement (up to σ2∼1600 GM). As a possible application, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the photosensitization of singlet-oxygen luminescence by TPA in porphyrin.
Amorphous Soluble Cyclodextrins: Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Uses (1988)

Amorphous water soluble derivatives of cyclodextrins are potent, nontoxic solubilizers of drugs and lipids. Their use as excipients which enable effective oral administration of sex hormones is described. Furthermore, these com pounds were used intravenously as an active drug to assist an organism in unloading a toxic lipophile.
Deasphalted Oil: A Natural Asphaltene Solvent (1996)

Summary Asphaltene deposition in the near-wellbore region can block pore throats, change wettability characteristics and relative-permeability relationships, and therefore, reduce oil production. Conventional aromatic solvents (e.g., toluene and xylene) alone or in combination with various dispersants are used to remove asphaltene damage from the near-wellbore region. However, these aromatic solvents are expensive and are not environmentally friendly. The objective of this work was to systematically evaluate the asphaltene-solvating power of various nonconventional solvents, including deasphalted oil, using a light-scattering technique. Experimental results suggest that deasphalted oil is a strong asphaltene solvent presumably because of its native resin and aromatic contents. Addition of asphaltene dispersants also increases the solubilizing power of the deasphalted oil. Furthermore, various refinery and heavy oil upgrader streams show strong ability to solubilize asphaltenes.
Two telomerase reverse transcriptases (TERTs) expressed in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2001)

The human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans contains two telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes. CaTERT1 and CaTERT2 appear either to be two alleles of the same gene or two entirely different genes that encode 867-residue proteins that differ by five amino acids. Both TERTs have a calculated pI of 9.5 and a M(r) of 100.9 kDa and are the smallest TERTs identified to date. Both genes appear to be expressed. Based on sequence similarity between CaTERT1 and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologue Est2p, we suggest a revised alignment for motif E of Est2p. The identification of these TERT genes provides the first opportunity to study telomerase in an important human pathogen.
A Practical Transmission System Based on the Human Visual Model for Satellite Channels (1999)

An experimental and theoretical study is presented of the nonlinear response of a dilute solution being pumped by two laser fields having different frequencies omega(1) and omega(2) that are both in resonance with electronic transitions of the solute. Experimental results were obtained for the dispersion of the third-order susceptibility chi((3))(omega(2))(2) for a dilute solution of iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride in chloroform with a fixed intense field (omega(1)) resonant with the Q(o) transition and a tunable weaker field (omega(2)) resonant with the Soret transition. The observed Lorentzian dispersion is slightly narrower than the linear absorption spectrum. The theoretical model for the third-order polarization incorporates three levels coupled to two electromagnetic fields and a population reservoir. The equations of motion for the density operator were solved in third order for the appropriate Fourier component. The resulting dispersion curve depends on both total dephasing and population decay rates, thereby demonstrating a general method for the determination of subpicosecond relaxation processes in systems to which the model is applicable. Theoretical fits to the results for iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride imply that the Soret transition is essentially homogeneously broadened with a total dephasing width of 900 +/- 200 cm(-1), and it is argued that the population decay time in this case is approximately 3.5 fsec. The broad linear absorption spectrum of the Soret band is interpreted as resulting from intramolecular perturbations between the Soret and lower energy excited states of iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride.
Towards Perceptually Optimized End-to-end Adaptive Video Streaming (2018)

Measuring Quality of Experience (QoE) and integrating these measurements into video streaming algorithms is a multi-faceted problem that fundamentally requires the design of comprehensive subjective QoE databases and metrics. To achieve this goal, we have recently designed the LIVE-NFLX-II database, a highly-realistic database which contains subjective QoE responses to various design dimensions, such as bitrate adaptation algorithms, network conditions and video content. Our database builds on recent advancements in content-adaptive encoding and incorporates actual network traces to capture realistic network variations on the client device. Using our database, we study the effects of multiple streaming dimensions on user experience and evaluate video quality and quality of experience models. We believe that the tools introduced here will help inspire further progress on the development of perceptually-optimized client adaptation and video streaming strategies. The database is publicly available at http://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/LIVE_NFLX_II/live_nflx_plus.html.
Cocktail of H5N1 COBRA HA vaccines elicit protective antibodies against H5N1 viruses from multiple clades (2015)

Pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype are of particular concern because of the high mortality rate (60% case fatality rate) and novel subtype. In this study, we have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) that contains a synthetic, consensus-based HA molecule using a new methodology, computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA). Three COBRA H5N1 HA proteins have been engineered based upon (1) human clade 2 H5N1 sequences, (2) human and avian clade 2 sequences, and (3) all H5N1 influenza sequences recorded between 2005-2008. Each hemagglutinin protein retained the ability to bind the appropriate receptors, as well as the ability to mediate particle fusion, following purification from a mammalian expression system. COBRA VLP vaccines were administered to mice and the humoral immune responses were compared to those induced by VLPs containing an HA derived from a primary viral isolate. Using a single vaccination (0.6 ug HA dose with an adjuvant) all animals vaccinated with COBRA clade 2 HA H5N1 VLPs had protective levels of HAI antibodies to a representative isolate from each subclade of clade 2, but lower titers against other clades. The addition of avian sequences from other clades expanded breadth of HAI antibodies to the divergent clades, but still not all of the 25 H5N1 viruses in the panel were recognized by antibodies elicited any one H5N1 COBRA VLP vaccine. Vaccination of mice with a cocktail of all 3 COBRA HA VLP vaccines, in a prime-boost regimen, elicited an average HAI titer greater than 1:40 against all 25 viruses. Collectively, our findings indicate that the elicited antibody response following VLP vaccination with all 3 COBRA HA vaccine simultaneously elicited a broadly-reactive set of antibodies that recognized H5N1 viruses from 11 H5N1 clades/subclades isolated over a 12-year span.