gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship between spherical and hyperbolic positioning (2002)

Spherical positioning systems determine position by measuring acoustic travel times from beacons at known locations. To make this travel time measurement, the receiver must know exactly when each beacon transmitted. Hyperbolic positioning systems determine position by measuring differences in travel time between signals from the beacons. The hyperbolic receiver does not need to know when the beacons transmitted, only that they all transmitted at the same time or with known delays relative to each other. The spherical system, which must know the transmit time exactly, and the hyperbolic system, which does not know transmit time at all can be seen as the two endpoints of a continuum of systems parameterised by the accuracy with which the transmit time is known. This paper demonstrates that the Cramer-Rao bounds for position accuracy approach those of the spherical navigation system as the variance in the transmit time estimate approaches zero, and approach those of the hyperbolic positioning system as the variance in the transmit time estimate becomes infinite. This observation has practical application in that the position accuracy of a hyperbolic navigation system which transmits at regular time intervals may be improved if it estimates not only receiver position, but also the transmit time of the beacons. As the estimate of transmit time improves, the position resolution becomes closer to that of a spherical positioning system. This improvement in position accuracy is shown for a typical underwater acoustic positioning scenario.
Deletion Mutants, Archived Transposon Library, and Tagged Protein Constructs of the Model Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (2021)

The dissimilatory sulfate-reducing <i>deltaproteobacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> Hildenborough (ATCC 29579) was chosen by the research collaboration ENIGMA to explore tools and protocols for bringing this anaerobe to model status. Here, we describe a collection of genetic constructs generated by ENIGMA that are available to the research community.
Impurities in commercial ferroalloys and its influence on the steel cleanliness (2010)

Ferroalloys are added during secondary steelmaking to impart special properties to the steel. Depending upon the ferroalloy quality this may lead to the formation of inclusions. The present knowledge lacks in the exact content of the individual elements and the nature of inclusions dispersed in the ferroalloys. In order to broaden the knowledge concerning ferroalloys’ quality, five different ferroalloy grades (i.e. FeMo, FeNb, FeTi70, FeTi35 and FeP) were characterised for the impurity content. The ferroalloy samples were investigated for chemical analysis (ICP-AES and LECO combustion technique) and microstructural analysis (SEM-EDS). These impurities are linked to the ferroalloy manufacturing route. The inclusions observed in the microstructure are in good agreement with the inclusions extracted by the dissolution technique. In the present manuscript, the possible influence of ferroalloy quality over steel cleanliness is evaluated in the context of the impurities extracted and observed in the ferroalloys.
New Lower Bounds for Convex Hull Problems in Odd Dimensions (1999)

We show that in the worst case, $\Omega(n^{\ceil{d/2}-1} + n\log n)$ sidedness queries are required to determine whether the convex hull of n points in $\Real^d$ is simplicial or to determine the number of convex hull facets. This lower bound matches known upper bounds in any odd dimension. Our result follows from a straightforward adversary argument. A key step in the proof is the construction of a quasi-simplicial n-vertex polytope with $\Omega(n^{\ceil{d/2}-1})$ degenerate facets. While it has been known for several years that d-dimensional convex hulls can have $\Omega(n^{\floor{d/2}})$ facets, the previously best lower bound for these problems is only $\Omega(n\log n)$. Using similar techniques, we also obtain simple and correct proofs of Erickson and Seidel's lower bounds for detecting affine degeneracies in arbitrary dimensions and circular degeneracies in the plane. As a related result, we show that detecting simplicial convex hulls in $\Real^d$ is $\ceil{d/2}$\SUM-hard in the sense of Gajentaan and Overmars.
Response of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas to interferon-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 5-fluorouracil combined treatment. (1995)

A 48-year-old woman with a nonresectable pancreatic tumor received combination chemotherapy with cytokines (IFN-a plus TNF-a) and 5-FU. Since partial response was confirmed after seven months, she underwent re-exploration, and received a pancreatico-duodenectomy. Histologically, the tumor was an adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. She recovered uneventfully. However, the tumor rapidly recurred, and she died five months after surgery. Despite the poor result, the survival of the patient with advanced pancreatic cancer for twelve months after the staring of the treatment suggests that combined chemotherapy with cytokines and 5-FU may be a therapeutic modality for advanced pancreatic cancer.
On the ERN and the significance of errors (2005)

The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related brain potential observed when subjects commit errors. To examine whether the ERN is sensitive to the value of errors, the motivational significance of errors was manipulated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, low and high monetary value errors were compared to evaluate the effect of trial value on the ERN. In Experiment 2, subjects performed a flanker task both while their performance was being evaluated and during a control condition. Consistent with the notion that the error-detection system is sensitive to the significance of errors, the ERN was significantly larger on high-value trials in Experiment 1 and during evaluation in Experiment 2. There were no corresponding effects on the correct response negativity, and no behavioral differences between conditions were evident in either experiment. These results are discussed in terms of the functional role of the ERN in response monitoring.
Some 6-Substituted 3-Aryl-7-oxothiazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-2(3<i>H</i>)-thione Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Activities (2007)

In this study, 3-aryl-6-substituted thiazolopyrimidin-2(3H)-thione derivatives 4 and 6 have been synthesized by reacting thiazolopyrimidines 2 with ω -bromoacetophenone 3 and 2-chloro-N-(2-thiazolyl)acetamides 5 . The structure elucidation of the obtained compounds was performed by IR, 1 H-NMR, MASS spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were investigated, and it was reported that the compounds showed remarkable antimicrobial activities.
High-speed parallel VLSI-architecture for the (24,12) Golay decoder with optimized permutation decoding (1996)

An area-efficient parallel VLSI-architecture for the (24,12,8) Golay decoder with an optimized permutation decoding technique based on Wolfmann's algorithm is presented. The decoder uses a look-ahead error-correction structure and a carry-save computation to obtain the highspeed implementation. The hardware complexity was greatly reduced by using a high computation regularity which maps the cyclic syndrome calculation efficiently on a parallel architecture. It is shown that this new architecture for the Golay decoder can be easily implemented in CMOS technology to operate at a data rate above 1 Gbit/s.
In situ measurements of methane in the troposphere and the stratosphere by the Ultra Light SpEctrometer Amulse (2017)

Methane plays an important role in the radiative balance of the Earth climate: about 20% of the manmade global warming is related to methane emissions. To contribute to the study of CH4 trends, we have developed a compact lightweight spectrometer (2.5 kg) by combining an antimonide laser diode at 3.24 µm with an 8 m optical multipass path cell open to the atmosphere. This laser sensor is to be operated from weather balloons to provide with regular in situ methane soundings from ground level up to ~ 25 km. In this paper, the laser sensor is described as well as the processing of the absorption spectra and the calibration of the instrument. The concentration data obtained from recent stratospheric balloon flights are reported and discussed.
Investigation of hard/soft <scp> CoFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> </scp> / <scp> NiSc <sub>0</sub> </scp> <sub>.</sub> <scp> <sub>03</sub> Fe <sub>1</sub> </scp> <sub>.</sub> <scp> <sub>97</sub> O <sub>4</sub> </scp> nanocomposite for energy storage applications (2021)

The hard/soft CoFe2O4/(NiSc0.03Fe1.97O4)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 5) or simply (CFO-xNFSO) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized through sol–gel auto-combustion technique. The structural and magnetic properties of the ferrite composite NCs were explored in detail. The synthesized NCs were applied in the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes to investigate their potential in energy storage applications. The cubic spinel ferrite phase of the NCs was verified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. The NCs with different x ratios displayed smoothed magnetic hysteresis loops during magnetization at 300 and 10 K temperature. In addition, the plots of switching field distribution (SFD) indicated a single peak in dM/dH vs H plots. These findings demonstrate a good exchange-coupling in the CFO-xNFSO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 5) magnetic NCs. The supercapacitor devices fabricated from the synthesized NCs displayed enhanced capacitance and relatively high energy density as compare to electric double-layer (EDL) (carbon-based) supercapacitors. The supercapacitor fabricated from CFO-xNFSO for x = 2 showed best performance in terms of specific capacitance with 204.4 F g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. The performances of the fabricated supercapacitors were further tested for a higher potential window of 1.2 V, where a specific energy value of 33.2 Wh kg−1 is achieved that is 144% enhancement from the same supercapacitor working at 0.8 V and 187% enhancement as compared to the carbon-based supercapacitor. The device also displayed excellent stability as it was tested for 5000 charge–discharge cycles.
Osteoblast-Targeted suppression of PPARγ increases osteogenesis through activation of mTOR signaling (2013)

Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is an essential transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation. In mesenchymal stem cells, PPARγ has been assumed to play a negative role in osteoblastic differentiation, by working in an adipogenesis dependent manner, due to the reciprocal relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. However, the direct role of PPARγ in osteoblast function is not fully understood, due in part to inadequate model systems. Here, we describe an adenoviral-mediated PPARγ knockout system in which suppression of PPARγ in mesenchymal stem cells enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis in vitro. Consistent with this in vitro observation, lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F1 mice, which do not form adipocytes, displayed a phenotype in which both cortical and trabecular bone was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice. We next developed an inducible osteoblast-targeted PPARγ knockout (Osx Cre/flox- PPARγ) mouse to determine the direct role of PPARγ in bone formation. Data from both in vitro cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo µCT analysis of bones suggest that suppression of PPARγ activity in osteoblasts significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and trabecular number. Endogenous PPARγ in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts strongly inhibited Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6k activity and led to decreased osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, we conclude that PPARγ modulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct mode, as shown here, involves PPARγ regulation of the mTOR pathway, while the indirect pathway is dependent on the regulation of adipogenesis.
A Voting Ensemble Classifier for Wafer Map Defect Patterns Identification in Semiconductor Manufacturing (2019)

A wafer map contains a graphical representation of the locations about defect pattern on the semiconductor wafer, which can provide useful information for quality engineers. Various defect patterns occur due to increasing wafer sizes and decreasing features sizes, which makes it very complex and unreliable process to identify them. In this paper, we propose a voting ensemble classifier with multi-types features to identify wafer map defect patterns in semiconductor manufacturing. Our research contents can be summarized as follows. First, three distinctive features such as density-, geometry-, and radon-based features were extracted from raw wafer images. Then, we applied four machine learning classifiers, namely logistic regression (LR), random forests (RFs), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and artificial neural network (ANN), and trained them using extracted features of original data set. Then their results were combined with a soft voting ensemble (SVE) technique which assigns higher weights to the classifiers with respect to their prediction accuracy. Consequently, we got performance measures with accuracy, precision, recall, ${F}$ -measure, and AUC score of 95.8616%, 96.9326%, 96.9326%, 96.7124%, and 99.9114%, respectively. These results show that the SVE classifier with proposed multi-types features outperformed regular machine learning-based classifiers for wafer maps defect detection.
Transglutaminase Cross-linking Properties of the Small Proline-rich 1 Family of Cornified Cell Envelope Proteins (1999)

Small proline-rich 1 (SPR1) proteins are important for barrier function in stratified squamous epithelia. To explore their properties, we expressed in bacteria a recombinant human SPR1 protein and isolated native SPR1 proteins from cultured mouse keratinocytes. By circular dichroism, they possess no alpha or beta structure but have some organized structure associated with their central peptide repeat domain. The transglutaminase (TGase) 1 and 3 enzymes use the SPR1 proteins as complete substrates in vitro but in different ways: head domain A sequences at the amino terminus were used preferentially for cross-linking by TGase 3, whereas those in head domain B sequences were used for cross-linking by TGase 1. The TGase 2 enzyme cross-linked SPR1 proteins poorly. Together with our data base of 141 examples of in vivo cross-links between SPRs and loricrin, this means that both TGase 1 and 3 are required for cross-linking SPR1 proteins in epithelia in vivo. Double in vitro cross-linking experiments suggest that oligomerization of SPR1 into large polymers can occur only by further TGase 1 cross-linking of an initial TGase 3 reaction. Accordingly, we propose that TGase 3 first cross-links loricrin and SPRs together to form small interchain oligomers, which are then permanently affixed to the developing CE by further cross-linking by the TGase 1 enzyme. This is consistent with the known consequences of diminished barrier function in TGase 1 deficiency models.
Noise robust exemplar-based connected digit recognition (2010)

This paper proposes a noise robust exemplar-based speech recognition system where noisy speech is modeled as a linear combination of a set of speech and noise exemplars. The method works by finding a small number of labeled exemplars in a very large collection of speech and noise exemplars that jointly approximate the observed speech signal. We represent the exemplars using mel-energies, which allows modeling the summation of speech and noise, and estimate the activations of the exemplars by minimizing the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence between the observations and the model. The activations of the speech exemplars are directly being used for recognition. This approach proves to be promising, achieving up to 55.8% accuracy at signal-to-noise ratio -5 dB on the AURORA-2 connected digit recognition task.
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring System Based on Distributed Multi-Sensors Information Fusion of Multi-Wavelength NIR (2013)

In this research, a near infrared multi-wavelength noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system with distributed laser multi-sensors is applied to monitor human blood glucose concentration. In order to improve the monitoring accuracy, a multi-sensors information fusion model based on Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network is proposed. The Root- Mean-Square Error of Prediction for noninvasive blood glucose measurement is 0.088mmol/L, and the correlation coefficient is 0.94. The noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on distributed multi-sensors information fusion of multi-wavelength NIR is proved to be of great efficient. And the new proposed idea of measurement based on distri- buted multi-sensors, shows better prediction accuracy.
<i>All-trans</i>retinoic acid promotes the repair of tortuosity of elastic fibres in rat skin (1999)

To elucidate the repair effects of all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) on ultraviolet (UV)-induced tortuosity of elastic fibres in rat skin, the hind limbs of Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated at a suberythemal dose of UV (three times/week for 6 weeks) and 0.025% t-RA in ethanol was applied topically five times/week for 6 weeks. The three-dimensional arrangement of elastic fibres with special reference to their linearity was quantified by image analysis using a scanning electron microscope following a combination of intravascular resin injection and selective digestion using formic acid. When t-RA was topically applied for 6 weeks on wrinkles formed by 6 weeks' exposure of the skin of rat hind limbs to UV radiation, the wrinkles disappeared to control levels, concomitant with an improvement in skin elasticity. The linearity of the elastic fibres was significantly (P < 0.01) increased compared with age-matched UV-irradiated controls. These findings suggest that the degeneration and deposition of elastic fibres accompanied by an increase in their linearity is involved in the process of wrinkle repair by topical application of t-RA.
A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL MODELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION : A proposal of a model with 2 turning points on response continuum and the example of its application (1986)

A new model with 2 turning points on response continuum is introduced to express a structure of psychological evaluation, and the example of an application of this model is reported. The relation between physical stimlus and human judgement is roughly classified into two patterns. One type has 1 turning point in judgement according to increase of stimulus, and the other has 2 turning points in it. The former is able to be analyzed by the usual psychological model, but the latter has not been discussed in the architectural field. Therefore, a new model that explains the latter type is introduced corresponding to judgement on the scale of "evaluation" extracted from semantic differential technique. Secondarily, the concept of this model is mentioned and the solution by numerically calculation is explained. In the latter half of this report, the experiment is stated as the application of this model about the best illuminance on sleeping and resting. Experiments was made under the following conditions ; Date : Dec. 1-3, 1983. Place : in the experimental room at Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Experimental conditions : the illuminance on the face of subjects is able to be controlled from 0 lx to 1 900 lx. Subjects : 9 people. Scale of rating : "good-bad" bipolar scale, 6 categories. Method : method of adjustment for 2 settings and method of constant for 4 settings. After the application of this model to the results of this experiment, the best illuminance is calculated and Weber-Fechner's theory was led between the illuminance and the human judgement under the condition of this experiment.
Mars Dust-Removal Technology (1998)

The Mars atmosphere contains a significant load of suspended dust. Settling of atmospheric dust onto the surface of the solar array is potentially a lifetime limiting factor for a power system on any Mars mission. For long-term operation of arrays on Mars, it may be necessary to develop techniques to remove deposited dust. Dust is expected to adhere to the array by Van der Waals adhesive forces. These forces are quite strong at the dust particle sizes expected. If the array surface is insulating, it is possible that they may also be subject to electrostatic adhesion, which may be extremely strong. Dust removal methods must overcome this force. Dust removal methods can be categorized briefly into four categories: natural, mechanical, electromechanical, and electrostatic. The environment of Mars is expected to be an ideal one for use of electrostatic dust removal techniques.
Subcutaneous lipectomy causes a metabolic syndrome in hamsters (2000)

The insulin resistance syndrome X is related to excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue. With lipectomy of >50% of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQAT) in nonhibernating, adult female Syrian hamsters on high-fat (HF; 50 calorie%) diet and measurements of oral glucose tolerance, oral [(14)C]oleic acid disposal, serum triglycerides, serum leptin, liver fat, perirenal (PR) adipose tissue cellularity, and body composition, we studied the role of SQAT. Sham-operated (S) animals on HF or low-fat (LF; 12.5 calorie%) diets served as controls. After 3 mo there was no visible regrowth of SQAT but HF diet led to similar levels of body weight and body fat in lipectomized and sham-operated animals. Lipectomized (L) animals had more intra-abdominal fat as a percentage of total body fat, higher insulinemic index, a strong trend toward increased liver fat content, and markedly elevated serum triglycerides compared with S-HF and S-LF. Liver and PR adipose tissue uptake of fatty acid were similar in L-HF and S-HF but reduced vs. S-LF, and were inversely correlated with liver fat content and insulin sums during the oral glucose tolerance test. In summary, lipectomy of SQAT led to compensatory fat accumulation implying regulation of total body fat mass. In conjunction with HF diet these lipectomized hamsters developed a metabolic syndrome with significant hypertriglyceridemia, relative increase in intra-abdominal fat, and insulin resistance. We propose that SQAT, via disposal and storage of excess ingested energy, acts as a metabolic sink and protects against the metabolic syndrome of obesity.
Long-wavelength 256×256 GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) palm-size camera (2000)

A 9 /spl mu/m cutoff 256/spl times/256 palm-size quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) camera weighing only 2.5 lbs, and using 5.5 W of power has been demonstrated. Excellent imagery, with a noise equivalent differential temperature (NE/spl Delta/T) of 23 mK has been achieved. It is well known that QWIP has very low 1/f noise, high operability, and uniformity. As a result, this camera uses a prerecorded nonuniformity correction table (i.e., gains and offsets) stored in its read-only-memory during operation, which enabled the miniaturization of this camera. In this paper, we discuss the development of this very sensitive long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) camera based on a GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP focal plane array (FPA) and its performance in terms of quantum efficiency, NE/spl Delta/T, MRDT, uniformity, and operability.