gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal-based coincidence timing calibration for PET scanner (2003)

A crystal-based timing calibration method is implemented and investigated on a GE PET scanner. This method first calculates block-level adjustments using a commercially available algorithm, and then, based on the calculated block-level adjustments, derives the crystal-level adjustments needed within each block. Concurrently with the time difference acquisition for block-pair adjustment, the time differences are also accumulated for all the crystals within each block. The crystal averages are calculated from the accumulated crystal time differences and represent the time differences among these crystals. The crystal-based adjustments are set to correct for both block time differences and crystal variations. A method to minimize the discrepancy in averaged correction for a block before and after discretization of the desired crystal adjustments is proposed. The performance of this crystal-based timing adjustment method is also presented.
Focused-ion-beam micromachining of optical surfaces (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. A. ELLIOTT, J. PURETZ, R. K. DEFREEZ, J. ORLOFF, and L. W. SWANSON, "Focused-ion-beam micromachining of optical surfaces," Optics News 12(12), 19-20 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Hexagonal constellations for small cell communication (2013)

We describe novel algorithms to enable the use of hexagonal constellations in practical high-rate communication systems. The first algorithm aims at optimizing the codewords assignment to the constellation points of a hexagonal grid to minimize the average Hamming distance between adjacent codewords. This codeword assignment is critical for the bit error rate performance that is usually more relevant than symbol error rate in coded schemes. We describe an efficient dynamic programming algorithm to solve this assignment problem. Then, we study the construction of the hexagonal grid that exploits the inherent redundancy in the hexagonal grid where the available constellation points for a given peak power are usually more than the grid size. Finally, we describe computationally efficient procedures for hard and soft decoding of hexagonal constellations. The proposed algorithms are shown to provide significant improvement for the bit error rate performance for both coded and uncoded schemes.
Quadrature multiplexed CPM (2008)

This paper introduces a family of bandwidth efficient modulation schemes called quadrature multiplexed continuous phase modulation (QM-CPM). QM-CPM can be thought of as an alternative to smooth pulse-shaped quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Like pulse-shaped QAM, QM-CPM modulates smooth continuous signals onto the in-phase (I) and the quadrature-phase (Q) channels, but these signals are derived from CPM signals instead of being filtered to attain their desired smoothness and spectral properties. QM-MSK (QMminimum shift keying) is developed and is shown to double the bits/Hz over MSK while maintaining MSK's normalized minimum distance of d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> = 2.0. Classes of M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -ary QMCPFSK (QM-continuous phase frequency shift keying) signals are derived from constant envelope M-ary CPFSK signals to construct bandwidth efficient modulation schemes which are comparable to and offer advantages over pulse-shaped QAM.
Search for Cyclodextrin-Based Inhibitors of Anthrax Toxins: Synthesis, Structural Features, and Relative Activities (2006)

Recently, using structure-inspired drug design, we demonstrated that aminoalkyl derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin inhibited anthrax lethal toxin action by blocking the transmembrane pore formed by the protective antigen (PA) subunit of the toxin. In the present study, we evaluate a series of new beta-cyclodextrin derivatives with the goal of identifying potent inhibitors of anthrax toxins. Newly synthesized hepta-6-thioaminoalkyl and hepta-6-thioguanidinoalkyl derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin with alkyl spacers of various lengths were tested for the ability to inhibit cytotoxicity of lethal toxin in cells as well as to block ion conductance through PA channels reconstituted in planar bilayer lipid membranes. Most of the tested derivatives were protective against anthrax lethal toxin action at low or submicromolar concentrations. They also blocked ion conductance through PA channels at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. The activities of the derivatives in both cell protection and channel blocking were found to depend on the length and chemical nature of the substituent groups. One of the compounds was also shown to block the edema toxin activity. It is hoped that these results will help to identify a new class of drugs for anthrax treatment, i.e., drugs that block the pathway for toxin translocation into the cytosol, the PA channel.
HeartSense (2014)

In this paper we propose to demonstrate a smart phone application, that estimates human blood pressure (BP) values from photoplethysmography (PPG) signal using Windkessel model. PPG signal is extracted from a video sequence of a user's index fingertip, acquired using smart phone camera. A set of time domain PPG features are used to estimate different lumped parameters of Windkessel model to simulate arterial BP. Under most of the cases, the application estimates systolic and diastolic BP values, within a range of ±10% of clinical measurement.
Photonic Time Stretch Enhanced Recording Scope (2008)

We demonstrate a new mode of operation for the Time Stretched A/D converter. The technique is superior to the sampling scope in that it permits the capture of non periodic events such as clustered noise.
An efficient transient thermal simulation methodology for Power Management IC designs (2017)

Power Management devices are becoming ubiquitous in every electronic system for achieving energy efficiency with constrained power/thermal budget. Multi-Function and Multi-Channel PMICs are becoming common design trend to support diverse voltage/power requirements of complex SoCs. In this paper, we present an approach to perform a full chip level thermal analysis with the capability to perform a detailed sub-modeling for electro-thermal analysis with Finite Element method and perform thermal-aware EM and stress analysis. The approach in transient thermal, thermal-aware EM and stress analyses includes the generation of thermal-aware chip power maps, conversion of converged thermal profiles in Power Devices to thermal loadings and detailed sub-modeling of on-chip structures for transient thermal, thermal-aware EM and thermal-induced stress analyses.
Mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with improved spectral and far-field characteristics (2002)

Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers, in which the DFB grating is defined on a two-dimensional lattice, have the potential to provide near-diffraction-limited, spectrally pure sources of radiation. The conventional 1D DFB laser and also the angled-grating DFB (a-DFB) laser are special cases of the PCDFB geometry. For a first proof-of-principle demonstration, optical lithography and dry etching were used to pattern a 2nd-order two-dimensional rectangular lattice whose grating was tilted by 20 degree(s) relative to the facet normal. The antimonide type-II W active region emitted at (lambda) = 4.6-4.7 micrometers . For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line was much narrower (7-10 nm) than those of Fabry-Perot and (alpha) -DFB lasers fabricated from the same wafer, and the beam quality was enhanced by as much as a factor of 5 compared with the (alpha) -DFB. The observation of two distinct lines in the PCDFB spectrum is attributed to a near-degeneracy of grating resonances at two different symmetry points of the Brillouin zone for the rectangular lattice. Quantum-cascade (QC) PCDFB lasers are shown to be particularly attractive in the mid-IR spectral range since their linewidth enhancement factor, which governs the carrier-induced refractive index change, is close to zero. Using a time-domain Fourier-transform algorithm, we estimate that rectangular-lattice QC lasers should emit in a single mode up to a stripe width of approximately equals may be employed to maintain spectral and spatial coherence over stripes as wide as 3 mm.
Assessment of Fetal Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Using Directed Cell-Free DNA Analysis (2013)

Analysis of cfDNA by chromosome-selective sequencing can correctly classify fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy with reasonably high sensitivity.
Petri net-based response policies to process module failure in time-constrained single-arm cluster tools (2014)

For wafer fabrication, a process module (PM) in cluster tools is prone to failure. It is crucial to deal with such failure in a proper and timely manner. With residency time constraints, if there are feasible periodic schedules in operating a cluster tool before and after a PM failure, it is desired to make it operate continuously when such a failure occurs. A Petri net model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of a single-arm cluster tool and failure response policies are proposed to deal with a failure. The proposed policies are formulated via simple control laws for their real-time and on-line implementation. An example is presented to show their application.
DIOXIN DANGER FROM GARBAGE INCINERATION (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDIOXIN DANGER FROM GARBAGE INCINERATIONF. W. Karasek and Otto HutzingerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 6, 633A–642APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online29 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00297a722https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00297a722research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust low dimensional kernel correlation feature spaces that generalize to unseen datasets (2007)

In this paper we demonstrate the subspace generalization power of the kernel correlation feature analysis (KCFA) method for extracting a low dimensional subspace that has the ability to represent new unseen datasets. Examining the portability of this algorithm across different datasets is an important practical aspect of real-world face recognition applications where the technology cannot be dataset-dependant. In most face recognition literature, algorithms are demonstrated on datasets by training on one portion of the dataset and testing on the remainder. Generally, the testing subjects' dataset partially or totally overlap the training subjects' dataset however with disjoint images captured from different sessions. Thus, some of the expected facial variations and the people's faces are modeled in the training set. In this paper we describe how we efficiently build a compact feature subspace using kernel correlation filter analysis on the generic training set of the FRGC dataset and use that basis for recognition on a different dataset. The KCFA feature subspace has a total dimension that corresponds to the number of training subjects; we chose to vary this number to include up to all of 222 available in the FRGC generic dataset. We test the built subspace produced by KCFA by projecting other well-known face datasets upon it. We show that this feature subspace has good representation and discrimination to unseen datasets and produces good verification and identification rates compared to other subspace and dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA (when trained on the same FRGC generic dataset). Its efficiency, lower dimensionality and discriminative power make it more practical and powerful than PCA as a robust lower dimensionality reduction method for modeling faces and facial variations.
Effect of Porosity and Grain Size on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of Sintered Alumina (1997)

The real part of the permittivity (ε) and the tan δ of sintered alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) at about 9 GHz have been measured. The dielectric properties have been examined as a function of purity, pore volume, and sintered grain size. The tan δ is found to depend very strongly on the pore volume, purity, and grain size. ε is far less sensitive to impurities and grain size. The dependence of ε on porosity can be described by simple mixture models as expected. A model of losses in single crystals cannot be extended easily to these materials where extrinsic factors such as porosity, random crystal orientation, grain boundaries, microcracks, and impurities dominate. These factors have been studied in an attempt to describe the tan δ and ε of sintered polycrystalline alumina. In this work, the tan δ for alumina has been studied in near‐theoretical density ranges between 9.1 times 10 ‐5 and 2.4 times 10 ‐5 depending on grain size.
Measurement of temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover in a loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system (2012)

This paper specifically describes spatial and temporal variation of the temperature gradient in a stack of a prime mover in a loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system. Spatial and temporal variations in the temperature gradient were measured for various stack lengths. Measurements were also conducted in cases with and without self-sustained sound. Because the thermal and viscous boundary-layer thicknesses depend on the temperature, detailed knowledge of spatial and temporal variations of the temperature gradient in the stack will be important to design a stack, especially in terms of the stack channel radius. Because little has been reported about the temperature gradient formed in the stack, the results obtained in these experiments are expected to contribute to improvement of the cooling effect of thermoacoustic cooling systems. Observations of the temperature variation in cases with and without self-sustained sound in the loop-tube confirmed that with self-sustained sound, a temperature gradient is formed linearly along the stack, which resulted from the heat flow caused by the thermoacoustic effect.
Event-Locked Time-Resolved Fourier Spectroscopy (1997)

A low-cost method of adding time-resolving capability to commercial Fourier transform spectrometers with a continuously scanning Michelson interferometer has been developed. This method is specifically designed to eliminate noise and artifacts caused by mirror-speed variations in the interferometer. The method exists of two parts: (1) a novel timing scheme for synchronizing the transient events under study and the digitizing of the interferogram and (2) a mathematical algorithm for extracting the spectral information from the recorded data. The novel timing scheme is a modification of the well-known interleaved, or stroboscopic, method. It achieves the same timing accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio, and freedom from artifacts as step-scan time-resolving Fourier spectrometers by locking the sampling of the interferogram to a stable time base rather than to the occurrences of the HeNe fringes. The necessary pathlength-difference information at which samples are taken is obtained from a record of the mirror speed. The resulting interferograms with uneven pathlength-difference spacings are transformed into wavenumber space by least-squares fits of periodic functions. Spectra from the far-infrared to the upper visible at resolutions up to 0.2 cm −1 are used to demonstrate the utility of this method.
The structural basis for the functional comparability of factor VIII and the long‐acting variant recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (2017)

Background Fusion of the human IgG<sub>1</sub> Fc domain to the C-terminal C2 domain of B-domain-deleted (BDD) factor VIII (FVIII) results in the recombinant FVIII Fc (rFVIIIFc) fusion protein, which has a 1.5-fold longer half-life in humans. Objective To assess the structural properties of rFVIIIFc by comparing its constituent FVIII and Fc elements with their respective isolated components, and evaluating their structural independence within rFVIIIFc. Methods rFVIIIFc and its isolated FVIII and Fc components were compared by the use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). The structure of rFVIIIFc was also evaluated by the use of X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron microscopy (EM). The degree of steric interference by the appended Fc domain was assessed by EM and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results HDX-MS analysis of rFVIIIFc revealed that fusion caused no structural perturbations in FVIII or Fc. The rFVIIIFc crystal structure showed that the FVIII component is indistinguishable from published BDD FVIII structures. The Fc domain was not observed, indicating high mobility. SAXS analysis was consistent with an ensemble of rigid-body models in which the Fc domain exists in a largely extended orientation relative to FVIII. Binding of Fab fragments of anti-C2 domain antibodies to BDD FVIII was visualized by EM, and the affinities of the corresponding intact antibodies for BDD FVIII and rFVIIIFc were comparable by SPR analysis. Conclusions The FVIII and Fc components of rFVIIIFc are structurally indistinguishable from their isolated constituents, and show a high degree of structural independence, consistent with the functional comparability of rFVIIIFc and unmodified FVIII.
Decoding of trellis-encoded signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and noise (1989)

A novel receiver for data-transmission systems using trellis-coded modulation is investigated. It comprises a whitened-matched filter and a trellis decoder which combines the previously separated functions of equalization and trellis-coded modulation (TCM) decoding. TCM encoder, transmission channel, and whitened-matched filter are modeled by a single finite-state machine with combined intersymbol interference and code states. Using ISI-state truncation techniques and the set-partitioning principles inherent in TCM, a systematic method is then developed for reducing the state complexity of the corresponding ISI and code trellis. A modified branch metric is used for canceling those ISI terms which are not represented by the trellis states. The approach leads to a family of Viterbi decoders which offer a tradeoff between decoding complexity and performance. An adaptive version of the proposed receiver is discussed, and an efficient structure for reduced-state decoding is given. Simulation results are presented for channels with severe amplitude and phase distortion. It is shown that the proposed receiver achieves a significant gain in noise margin over a conventional receiver which uses separate linear equalization and TCM decoding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poly(oligonucleotide)conjugates: Applications in assembling nanoparticles and in detecting DNA sequences (2001)

The chemistry of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates is described. Examples are provided to illustrate (i) the utility of oligonucleotide linkers in constructing ordered nanoparticle assemblies and (ii) applications of nanoparticles as reporters for nucleic acid hybridization.
Staring/focusing lobster-eye hard x-ray imaging for non-astronomical objects (2005)

A new approach to hard X-ray imaging is proposed, based on staring optics consisting of a lobster-eye lens. This new Staring Imaging Lobster-Eye X-Ray approach is especially suited to X-ray lobster-eye imaging of non-astronomical objects at finite distances, because the staring optics replacing the standard scanning optics, result in an extremely efficient power budget, making possible not only the use of low-efficiency Compton backscattering but also operation with low-flux X-ray beams, increasing operator safety. The lobster-eye optics, consisting of square-cross-section microchannels, transmit an X-ray beam by total external reflection. This mode of operation has already been verified for viewing astronomical objects. Its major challenge is minimizing image defocusing by apodization. For this purpose, a new lens imaging equation is derived, and a new local optical axis concept is defined. Applications include medical imaging, cargo inspection, non-destructive testing, industrial and security safeguards, and surveillance.
Detection of PCR-amplified fungal DNA by using a PCR-ELISA system (1998)

In order to speed up and standardize polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of medically important fungi in clinical samples we established a combination of commercially available kits for DNA extraction, PCR amplification and detection of the amplicons. The PCR plate assay proved to be as sensitive and specific as our previously published assay (5 cfu ml(-1) blood). Moreover, in a selected group of patients, all patients with proven and probable invasive fungal infection were found to be PCR-positive. Thus the PCR plate assay was found to be a sensitive, technically simplified and standardized method with potential for adaptation to automation.
All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communications: Improved generation of correlated photons (2004)

We demonstrate greatly improved results for the production of correlated photon-pairs using the four-photon scattering process in silica fiber. We achieve a true-coincidence-count to accidental-coincidence-count ratio greater than 10, when the photon-pair production rate is about 0.04 /pulse. This represents a four-fold improvement over our previous results. The contribution of spontaneous Raman scattering, the primary cause of uncorrelated photons that degrades the fidelity of this source, is reduced by decreasing the wavelength detuning between the correlated photons and the pump photons and by using polarizers to remove the cross-polarized Raman-scattered photons. Excess Raman scattering could be further suppressed by cooling the silica fiber. Even without cooling the fiber, the achieved 10 to 1 ratio of true-coincidence to accidental-coincidence makes the fiber source of correlated photon-pairs a useful tool for realizing various quantum-communication protocols.