gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Synchronizations Systems for Femtosecond X-Ray Sources (2006)

In femtosecond pump/probe experiments using short X-Ray and optical pulses, precise synchronization must be maintained between widely separated lasers in a synchrotron or FEL facility. We are developing synchronization systems using optical signals for applications requiring different ranges of timing error over 100 meter of glass fiber. For stabilization in the hundred femtosecond range a CW laser is amplitude modulated at 1– 10 GHz, the signal retroreflected from the far end, and the relative phase used to correct the transit time with a piezoelectric phase modulator. For the sub-10 fsec range the laser frequency itself is upshifted 55 MHz with an acousto-optical modulator, retroreflected, upshifted again and phase compared at the sending end to a 110 MHz reference. Initial experiments indicate less than 1 fsec timing jitter. To lock lasers in the sub-10 fs range we will lock two single-frequency lasers separated by several teraHertz to a master modelocked fiber laser, transmit the two frequencies over fiber, and lock two comb lines of a slave laser to these frequencies, thus synchronizing the two modelocked laser envelopes.
High-throughput determination of the antigen specificities of T cell receptors in single cells (2018)

We present tetramer-associated T-cell receptor sequencing (TetTCR-Seq), a method to link T cell receptor (TCR) sequences to their cognate antigens in single cells at high throughput. Binding is determined using a library of DNA-barcoded antigen tetramers that is rapidly generated by in vitro transcription and translation. We applied TetTCR-Seq to identify patterns in TCR cross-reactivity with cancer neo-antigens and to rapidly isolate neo-antigen-specific TCRs with no cross-reactivity to the wild-type antigen.
A Prototype Magnetically Levitated Superconducting Conveyer (2007)

A new type of magnetically levitated superconducting conveyer for wafer transportation is proposed. At present, wafer fabrication process is carried out in clean rooms. Magnetically levitated conveyer without any mechanical contacts is most useful in such clean rooms. Our system is designed to levitate wafers on a levitated stage with permanent magnets. Vibrations are suppressed by using PD (proportional and differential) control. This paper discusses a prototype magnetically levitated superconducting conveyer, its simulation results and its experimental results.
<title>Foreground/background segmentation of optical character recognition (OCR) labels by a single-layer recurrent neural network</title> (1995)

This paper describes the development of a recurrent neural network to segment gray scale label images into binary label images. To determine a pixel label, the neural network takes into account three sources of information: pixel intensities, correlations between neighboring labels, and edge gradients. These three sources of information are succinctly combined via the network's energy function. By changing its label state to minimize the energy function, the network satisfies constraints imposed by the input image and the current label values. To be mappable to analog hardware, it is desirable that the neural equations be deterministic. Two deterministic networks are developed and compared. The first operates at the zero temperature limit, the original Hopfield network. The second employs the mean field annealing algorithm. It is shown that with only a moderate increase in computational requirements, the mean field approach produces far superior results.
Random and targeted gene integrations through the control of non‐homologous end joining in the yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> (2009)

Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU3-1042 is a thermotolerant yeast strain suitable for high-temperature ethanol fermentation and genetic engineering with linear DNA. We have developed a highly efficient random gene integration method with a frequency that exceeds 2.5 x 10(6) transformants/microg linear DNA, a figure comparable to what is observed with autonomously replicating plasmid transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To establish the mechanism of random integration in DMKU3-1042, we identified and deleted the K. marxianus KU70 gene, which is known to be involved in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. In yeast lacking KU70, high-frequency non-homologous gene integration was abolished and the Kmku70 mutants showed 82-95% homologous gene targeting efficiencies using homologous sequences of 40-1000 bp. These results indicate that the highly efficient NHEJ pathway can be utilized with random gene disruption techniques such as transposon mutagenesis and plasmid-free gene manipulations in K. marxianus.
Depolarized source for high power remote operation of an integrated optical modulator (1994)

A depolarized source is demonstrated at 1.3 μm by using a Ti:LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> phase modulator to modulate a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser. This approach is shown to be simultaneously effective in increasing the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). SBS was totally suppressed in 10.5 km fiber for fiber input powers up to 14.2 mW when the phase modulator was driven at 1 GHz. Stable operation was observed when the depolarized source was used as the input to a remote integrated optic modulator.
Statische Gefäßanalyse in nonmydriatischen und mydriatischen Bildern (2007)

The quality of non-mydriatic images is often lower than that of mydriatic images. This fact can account for the high variance of measured parameters in the non-mydriatic images. The depiction of all relevant vessel segments is a precondition for the image-based analysis. An influence of the mydriasis caused by tropicamid on the retinal vessel diameters > 60 microm was not found.
Robustness of the four-detector photopolarimeter and the general concept of polarimetric light traps (1989)

In the four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) a light beam, whose state of polarization is to be measured, experiences three successive partial specular reflections at the surfaces of three photodetectors, with noncoincident planes of incidence, before the remaining flux is substantially totally absorbed by the last detector. A 4 × 1 current vector I is thus developed which is linearly related, I = A S , to the input Stokes vector S , where A is called the instrument matrix. The FDP is robust in that its operation is unaffected by (1) the insertion between detectors of beam-forming elements such as apertures and lenses, (2) spatially uniform optical anisotropy of the detector surfaces, (3) differences of the photoelectric responses associated with the nonreflected p - and s -polarized radiation, as may be caused by the excitation of surface plasmons, and (4) optical feedback as may occur if the last detector is placed exactly normal to the beam. Whereas all these factors influence the A matrix, this is inconsequential inasmuch as A is determined by calibration.
Phthalonitrile‐based high temperature resin (1988)

Abstract An aromatic, diether‐linked phthalonitrile resin, prepared from 4,4′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, exhibits excellent thermo‐oxidative properties. The resin is easily processed from the melt of the monomer in a controlled manner as a function of the amine curing agent and processing temperatures. Polymerization occurs by a cyclic addition reaction without the formation of volatile by‐products. The polymerization reaction can be stopped at a prepolymer stage. The prepolymer can be stored indefinitely at ambient conditions without further reaction. The modulus and viscoelastic properties of the resin were found to be a function of the postcuring conditions.
Conductivity of individual Geobacter pili (2016)

Measurements of the conductivity of hydrated individual pili of <italic>Geobacter sulfurreducens</italic> that were not subjected to chemical fixation revealed conductivity along cytochrome-free regions comparable to conducting organic polymer nanowires of similar diameter.
Development of Self-Maintenance Photocopiers. (1995)

The traditional reliability design methods are im-perfect, because the designed systems aim at less faults but once a fault happens they may hard-fail. To solve this problem, we propose the con-cepts of self-maintenance machine (SMM) that can maintain its functions flexibly even though faults happen. In order to achieve capabilities of diagnosing and repair planning, a model based approach that employs qualitative physics is pro-posed. Regarding repair executing capability, control type repair strategy is proposed. A pro-totype of the self-maintenance machine is devel-oped and it succeeded to maintain its functions as far as its structure does not change. This prototype, however, revealed the following prob-lems that may arise when applied to a commercial product as embedded software. The problems in-clude; (1)performance of the reasoning system, (2)the system size, (3)effects of environmental changes, and (4) roughness of qualitative repair operations. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new reasoning method based on vir-tuul cases and fuzzy qualitative values. This is a methodology of knowledge compilation that gives better reasoning performance and can deal with real world applications like the self-maintenance machine. By using this method, we finally de-veloped a commercial photocopier that has self-maintenability and is more robust against faults. The commercial version has been supplied world-wide as a product of Mita Industrial Co., Ltd., since April, 1994.
Fault-tolerant parallel processor (1991)

This paper addresses issues central to the design and operation of an ultrareliable, Byzantine resilient parallel computer. Interprocessor connectivity requirements are met by treating connectivity as a resource that is shared among many processing elements, allowing flexibility in their configuration and reducing complexity. Redundant groups are synchronized solely by message transmissions and receptions, which aslo provide input data consistency and output voting. Reliability analysis results are presented that demonstrate the reduced failure probability of such a system. Performance analysis results are presented that quantify the temporal overhead involved in executing such fault-tolerance-specific operations. Empirical performance measurements of prototypes of the architecture are presented. 30 refs.
Functionally Selective Signaling and Broad Metabolic Benefits by Novel Insulin Receptor Partial Agonists (2021)

Abstract Since its debut a century ago, insulin therapies have saved many lives and are now routinely used by patients with diabetes to manage hyperglycemia. Exemplary early studies of insulin molecular pathways led to the realization of the critical roles of signaling transduction in mediating its pleiotropic actions. Multiple insulin analogs have been developed in the last few decades primarily focused on improving the time action profile without affecting ligand-receptor interaction or functional selectivity in downstream signaling. As a result, inherent liabilities of injectable insulins continue to limit insulin’s true therapeutic potential. For example, fear of hypoglycemia often leads to underdosing and inadequate glycemic control and, as a consequence, continued risk of diabetic complications. Efforts to develop hepatic targeted basal insulin analogs lead to reduced effect on skeletal muscle and lower hypoglycemic risk but failed to adequately suppress lipolysis. To achieve both functional selectivity and a more desirable pharmacological profile, we evaluated a series of covalent insulin dimers that act in cellular assays as insulin receptor partial agonists (IRPA). Structural studies revealed distinct insulin receptor interactions compared to insulin analogs. Furthermore, IRPAs were shown to induce biased signaling in cellular assays that supports the potential for reduced mitogenic and atherosclerotic activities compared to regular insulin. In vivo, IRPAs exhibit tissue preferential action that attenuates stimulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake while retaining hepatic and adipose actions to regulate glucose production and lipolysis, respectively. These attributes are expected to significantly reduce the hypoglycemic risk while achieving similar glycemic control and less body weight gain relative to comparator insulin analogs in animal models. Furthermore, IRPA lessens receptor internalization resulting in a slower clearance and long duration of action across species, an optimal feature for a basal insulin. In summary, IRPA possesses the desired molecular features that are required to reduce the hypoglycemic risk while maintaining the broad metabolic benefits of insulin therapy and as such represents a potential transformative therapy for patients with diabetes.
Gene for the major antigenic structural protein (p100) of human herpesvirus 6 (1992)

A human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) structural protein of 100 kDa (p100) is the polypeptide most frequently and intensively reactive in immunoblotting analyses with human sera on HHV-6-infected cells or partially purified virions. The gene for p100 was identified by screening a bacteriophage lambda library with monospecific rabbit antisera. The gene codes for a polypeptide of 870 amino acids with a calculated molecular size of 97 kDa. Its amino-terminal third is weakly homologous to the immunogenic basic matrix phosphoprotein pp150 of human cytomegalovirus. Five fragments representing more than 93% of HHV-6 p100 were prokaryotically expressed. The antigenic epitopes of p100 were preliminary mapped by immunoblotting with human sera. They are located within the carboxy-terminal part which is neither homologous nor cross-reactive to pp150 of human cytomegalovirus. Availability of the gene for the immunodominant structural protein should provide tools for studies of pathogenesis by HHV-6.
Tuning the Adsorption Properties of Zeolites as Adsorbents for CO<sub>2</sub> Separation: Best Compromise between the Working Capacity and Selectivity (2014)

The choice of an appropriate adsorbent for CO2 separation by pressure-swing adsorption remains a field of intense research. In this work, several FAU and LTA zeolites with different Na contents (Si/Al ratios) are studied for the separation of CO2 from mixtures of CO2, CO, and CH4 by means of breakthrough experiments. The breakthrough experiments were carried out between 1 and 5 bar at 303 K using two feed mixtures: 50/50 (v/v) CO2/CH4 and 75/15/15 (v/v/v) CO2/CH4/CO. The most polar zeolites, i.e., those with high Na content, exhibit the highest adsorption capacity and selectivity for CO2, but their regeneration is difficult; hence, their working capacity is low. The opposite is true for the least polar zeolites, i.e., those with low Na content. In order to quantify the trade-off between the selectivity and working capacity, the Ruthven statistical model (RSM) was used. It satisfactorily reproduced the experimental trends. We, therefore, used the RSM to identify the properties of the adsorbent that lead to an optimal compromise between the working capacity and separation factor. The critical parameter is the concentration of extraframework cations, which, in turn, depends on the framework charge of the zeolites FAU and LTA. The optimal trade-off zone is defined in terms of the Henry constant of CO2 (KCO2). It is found that this zone is placed between KCO2 = 5 × 10–3 and 50 × 10–3 molecules·bar–1·Å–3. This interval corresponds to a heat of adsorption of CO2 at zero coverage between 27 and 32 kJ·mol–1. In our study, this optimal range of Henry constants was achieved for the zeolites Na-USY, SAPO-37, LTA (Si/Al = 5), and EMC-1.
Lumped elements model for substrate noise coupling (2013)

A new lumped elements model for substrate parasitics in integrated circuits is introduced. The new model depends on frequency, contact's size, separation between contacts, and substrate conductivity. The model consists of four lumped elements that are evaluated using few numbers of simulations and curve fitting steps. A closed form expression has been provided for each lumped element. By evaluating these expressions, the model is used for any spacing distance between the aggressor contact and the victim one for arbitrary contact size. The introduced model shows very good agreement (< 5% error) when compared against electromagnetic field solver simulations over frequency ranges up to 30GHz.
Asynchronous Biphasic Pulse Signal Coding and Its CMOS Realization (2006)

An asynchronous biphasic pulse train signal representation mechanism is proposed for low bandwidth, low power sensor applications. We prove that this novel pulse coding method provides lossless encoding theoretically. We also present a CMOS circuit realization using the AMI 0.6 mum process. Cadence simulation results show that the reconstructed signal has 8 effective bits of resolution with less than 100 muW of total power consumption
Synthesis and Characterization of in Vitro and in Vivo Profiles of Hydroxybupropion Analogues: Aids to Smoking Cessation (2010)

To create potentially superior aids to smoking cessation and/or antidepressants and to elucidate bupropion's possible mechanisms of action(s), 23 analogues based on its active hydroxymetabolite (2S,3S)-4a were synthesized and tested for their abilities to inhibit monoamine uptake and nAChR subtype activities in vitro and acute effects of nicotine in vivo. The 3',4'-dichlorophenyl [(+/-)-4n], naphthyl (4r), and 3-chlorophenyl or 3-propyl analogues 4s and 4t, respectively, had higher inhibitory potency and/or absolute selectivity than (2S,3S)-4a for inhibition of DA, NE, or 5HT uptake. The 3'-fluorophenyl, 3'-bromophenyl, and 4-biphenyl analogues 4c, 4d, and 4l, respectively, had higher potency for antagonism of alpha4beta2-nAChR than (2S,3S)-4a. Several analogues also had higher potency than (2S,3S)-4a as antagonists of nicotine-mediated antinociception in the tail-flick assay. The results suggest that compounds acting via some combination of DA, NE, or 5HT inhibition and/or antagonism of alpha4beta2-nAChR can potentially be new pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of nicotine dependence.
Multi-Layer Network Performance and Reliability Analysis (2011)

The authors describe a methodology for evaluating the performability (combined performance and reliability) of large communications networks. Networks are represented by a 4-level hierarchical model, consisting of traffic matrix, network graph, “components” representing failure modes, and reliability information. Network states are assignments of modes to the network components, which usually represent network elements and their key modules, although they can be more abstract. The components can be binary or multi-modal, and each of their failure modes may change a set of attributes of the graph (e.g. the capacity or cost of a link). Their methodology also captures the effect of automatic restoration against network failures by including two common rerouting methods. To compute network performability measures, including upper and lower bounds on their cumulative distribution functions, we augment existing probabilistic state-space generation algorithms with our new “hybrid” algorithm. To characterize the network failures of highest impact, we compute the Pareto boundaries of the network’s risk space. The authors have developed a network analysis tool called nperf that embodies this methodology. To illustrate the methodology and the practicality of the tool, they describe a performability analysis of three design alternatives for a large commercial IP backbone network. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]
Geosynthetic Capillary Barriers in Pavements (2000)

"Capillary barrier" is the term for a layer of large-pored material (soil and/orgeosynthetic) placed in a finer-pored soil to 1) reduce unsaturated flow of soil water upwards and/or 2)reduce or prevent water from infiltrating from the overlying fine-pored unsaturated soil into the soilbelow the capillary barrier. In the latter case, the capillary barrier is sloped so that the infiltratingwater flows downwards along the interface between the capillary barrier and the overlying soil. Thesame physical principles govern the behavior of capillary barriers in both cases. This paper reviewscapillary theory and what is known about capillary barriers (made of soil and/or geosynthetics) in avariety of applications. This information is then applied to the potential use of geosynthetic capillarybarriers in pavements to reduce frost heave and to divert infiltrating water. The use of a geocompositecapillary barrier drain (GCBD), consisting of a drainage net sandwiched between geotextiles thatpossess certain hydraulic properties, appears promising. In addition to reducing frost heave, a GCBDmay also help drain the soil above it before it becomes fully saturated. It may also be designed to drainsaturated pavements at critical times of the year, such as spring thaw.
Anti-JAM-C therapy eliminates tumor engraftment in a xenograft model of mantle cell lymphoma (2016)

Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C is a member of the JAM family, expressed by a variety of different cell types, including human B lymphocytes and some B-cell lymphoma subtypes-in particular, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Treatment with anti-JAM-C pAbs reduces homing of human B cells to lymphoid organs in a NOD/SCID mouse model. In the present study, the role of JAM-C in the engraftment of human lymphoma B cells in mice was investigated. Administration of novel anti-JAM-C mAbs reduced tumor growth of JAM-C<sup>+</sup> MCL cells in bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes of mice. Treatment with anti-JAM-C antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation of JAM-C-expressing lymphoma B cells. Moreover, the binding of anti-JAM-C antibodies inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, without affecting other signaling pathways. The results identify for the first time the intracellular MAPK cascade as the JAM-C-driven signaling pathway in JAM-C<sup>+</sup> B cells. Targeting JAM-C could constitute a new therapeutic strategy reducing lymphoma B-cell proliferation and their capacity to reach supportive lymphoid microenvironments.
Interactive and aliasing-free acoustic modeling of reflections and diffractions in architectural environments (2001)

A primary challenge in geometrical acoustic modeling is computation of reverberation paths from sound sources fast enough for real-time auralization. This paper describes an aliasing-free beam tracing algorithm based on precomputed spatial subdivision and beam tree data structures that enables real-time acoustic modeling and auralization for sound sources in interactive applications. The proposed method traces convex polyhedral beams from the location of each sound source and receiver through a precomputed spatial subdivision data structure, constructing a beam tree representing the regions of space reachable by potential sequences of transmissions, diffractions, and specular reflections at surfaces of a 3D polygonal model. By computing beam trees asynchronously (off-line), our system can generate reverberation paths between sources and receivers at interactive rates and spatialize audio signals in real-time as sources and receivers move under interactive user control. Unlike previous geometrical acoustic modeling work, our beam tracing method: (1) supports evaluation of early reverberated paths at interactive rates, (2) scales well for large, densely occluded architectural environments, and (3) computes paths of diffraction without aliasing using the uniform theory of diffraction. This system is being used to develop interactive applications in which a user experiences a virtual environment immersively via simultaneous auralization and visualization.