gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION OF THE EXTRACTION OF STRONTIUM NITRATE BY A CROWN ETHER WITH THE WATER CONTENT OF THE ORGANIC PHASE* (1990)

Abstract A simple correlation has been observed between the extraction of strontium nitrate from nitric acid solution by cis-dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6 dissolved in a variety of oxygenated, aliphatic diluents and the molarity of water present in the organic phase. This correlation is attributed to the extraction of the hydrated nitrate ion and its solvation by the diluent, facilitated by the high concentration of dissolved water. Of the solvents studied, ketones yield the largest values of the extraction constant for a given water content, although C5 and C6 alcohols give the highest overall values.
Deformable mirrors based on magnetic liquids (2004)

The trend towards ever larger telescopes and more advanced adaptive optics systems such as multi-conjugate adaptive optics is driving the need for deformable mirrors with a large number of low cost actuators. Other applications require strokes larger than those readily available from conventional mirrors. Magnetically deformable liquid mirrors are a potential solution to both these problems. Depositing a thin silver colloid known as a metal liquid-like film (MELLF) on the ferrofluid surface solves the problem of low reflectivity of pure ferrofluids. This combination provides a liquid optical surface that can be precisely shaped in a magnetic field. We have demonstrated a reflective coating that is stable for more than 30 days with a reflectivity of 50% in the near infrared. Additional experiments indicate that MELLF coatings can provide near infrared reflectivity values in excess of 80%. We also report on recent response time measurements of liquid deformable mirrors. We have demonstrated liquid mirror actuators with slew rates of 800 μm/s, corresponding to an actuator bandwidth of approximately 40 Hz and 80 Hz for strokes of 10 μm and 5 μm respectively.
Identification of Cross-Reactive Epitopes on the Conserved 47-Kilodalton Antigen of<i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>and Human Serine Protease (2009)

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. One of the protein antigens of this species, the conserved 47-kDa protein (HtrA), has been shown to induce an antibody response in patients and can provide protective immunity against live challenge by Orientia in mice. Pepscan experiments identified many peptide epitope clusters in different parts of this protein. The majority of the most reactive epitopes are located at the C terminus of the protein (from amino acid 333 to amino acid 430). Protein sequence analysis revealed that the 47-kDa protein contains a trypsin domain and has sequence homology to human serine protease HtrA1 (hHtrA1). As the 47-kDa protein is a potential vaccine candidate and its ability to induce autoimmunity is a concern, the reactivity of scrub typhus patient sera with purified recombinant 47-kDa and hHtrA1 proteins was tested. A significant percentage (>20%) of scrub typhus patient sera reacted strongly with recombinant hHTRA1 and two of the antigenic polypeptide epitopes in hHtrA1. These findings suggest that the safety of the full-length 47-kDa antigen as a vaccine candidate is a significant issue due to its cross-reactivity with a human protein, which may also contribute to autoimmune responses or enhanced pathology in some scrub typhus patients.
Computing endomorphism rings of Jacobians of genus 2 curves over finite fields (2007)

Abstract. We present probabilistic algorithms which, given a genus 2 curve C defined over a finite field and a quartic CM field K, determine whether the endomorphism ring of the Jacobian J of C is the full ring of integers in K. In particular, we present algorithms for computing the field of definition of, and the action of Frobenius on, the subgroups J[ℓ d] for prime powers ℓ d. We use these algorithms to create the first implementation of Eisenträger and Lauter’s algorithm for computing Igusa class polynomials via the Chinese Remainder Theorem [EL], and we demonstrate the algorithm for a few small examples. We observe that in practice the running time of the CRT algorithm is dominated not by the endomorphism ring computation but rather by the need to compute p 3 curves for many small primes p. 1.
Aluminium hydride: a reversible material for hydrogen storage (2009)

Aluminium hydride has been synthesized electrochemically, providing a synthetic route which closes a reversible cycle for regeneration of the material and bypasses expensive thermodynamic costs which have precluded AlH(3) from being considered as a H(2) storage material.
Large-Scale Validation of a Quantum Mechanics Based Scoring Function:  Predicting the Binding Affinity and the Binding Mode of a Diverse Set of Protein−Ligand Complexes (2005)

Computational methods to calculate binding affinity in protein-ligand interaction are of immense interest because of obvious practical applications in structure-based drug design. Scoring functions attempt to calculate the variation in binding affinity of ligands-inhibitors bound to protein targets at various levels of theory. In this study we use semiempirical quantum mechanics to design a scoring function that can calculate the electrostatic interactions and solvation free energy expected during complexation. This physically based approach has the ability to capture binding affinity trends in a diverse range of protein-ligand complexes. We also show the predictive power of this scoring function within protein targets and its ability to score ligand poses docked to a protein target. We also demonstrate the ability of this scoring function to discriminate between native and decoy poses and highlight the crucial role played by electrostatic interactions in molecular recognition. Finally we compare the performance of our scoring function with other available scoring functions in the literature.
Antiparasitic agents. 5. Synthesis and anthelmintic activities of novel 2-heteroaromatic-substituted isothiocyanatobenzoxazoles and -benzothiazoles (1982)

The synthesis and antiparasitic properties of 22 isothiocyanato-2-pyridinylbenzoxazoles and benzothiazoles are described; the preparation and anthelmintic activities of 14 isothiocyanato-2-thienyl-, -furyl-, and -pyrrolylbenzoxazoles are outlined. In mice experimentally infected with Nematospiroides dubius (nematode) and Hymenolepis nana (tapeworm), three derivatives, i.e., 5-isothiocyanato-2-(2-furyl)benzoxazole (34), 5-isothiocyanato-2-(5-methyl-2-furyl)benzoxazole (35), and 5-isothiocyanato-2-(1-methyl-1H-2-pyrroly)benzoxazole (37), show 100% nematocidal activity and two, i.e., 5- and 6-isothiocyanato-2-(3-pyridinyl)benzoxazole (5) and 5- and 6-isothiocyanato-2-(3-pyridinyl)benzthiazole (21), show 10% taeniacidal activity at 0.2% in the diet. Two derivatives (5 and 21) show good nematocidal activity in sheep. Maximum activity requires 3-pyridinyl derivatives for both the benzoxazole and benzothiazole series.
Wide field-of-view metalens: a tutorial (2023)

Wide field-of-view (FOV) optics are essential components in many optical systems, with applications spanning imaging, display, sensing, and beam steering. Conventional refractive wide FOV optics often involve multiple stacked lenses, resulting in large size and weight as well as high cost. Metasurface lenses or metalenses promise a viable solution to realizing wide FOV optics without complex lens assembly. We review the various architectures of wide FOV metalenses, elucidate their fundamental operating principles and design trade-offs, and quantitatively evaluate and contrast their imaging performances. Emerging applications enabled by wide FOV metasurface optics are also discussed.
Enhanced sensitivity in WDM optical monitoring using a MARS optical chopper (2003)

A MARS optical chopper is implemented with lock-in detection to enhance the sensitivity of a 1550-nm band wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical monitor and improve its immunity of 1/f noise and dc drift. The high chopping rate, 1.02 MHz, it ideally suited for rapid-scanning optical monitors, allowing <100 /spl mu/s filter time constants for high-rate data acquisition.
Improved Estimation of Transmission Distortion for Error-Resilient Video Coding (2011)

This paper presents an improved technique for estimating the end-to-end distortion, which includes both a quantization error after encoding and a random transmission error, after transmission in video communication systems. The proposed technique mainly differs from most existing techniques in that it takes into account filtering operations, e.g., interpolation in subpixel motion compensation, as introduced in advanced video codecs. The distortion estimation for pixels or subpixels under filtering operations requires the computation of the second moment of a weighted sum of random variables. In this paper, we prove a proposition for calculating the second moment of a weighted sum of correlated random variables without requiring knowledge of their probability distribution. Then, we apply the proposition to extend our previous error-resilient algorithm for prediction mode decision without significantly increasing complexity. Experimental results using an H.264/AVC codec show that our new algorithm provides an improvement in both rate-distortion performance and subjective quality over existing algorithms. Our algorithm can also be applied in the upcoming high-efficiency video coding standard, where additional filtering techniques are under consideration.
Time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (1991)

Ion scattering and recoiling spectrometry consists of directing a collimated beam of monoenergetic ions towards a surface and measuring the flux of scattered and recoiled particles from this surface. When the neutral plus ion flux is velocity selected by measuring the flight times from the sample to the detector, the technique is called time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS). TOF-SARS is capable of (1) surface elemental analysis by applying classical mechanics to the velocities of the particles, (2) surface structural analysis by monitoring the angular anisotropies in the particle flux, and (3) ion-surface electron exchange probabilities by analysis of the ion/neutral fractions in the particle flux. Examples of these three areas are presented herein.
Simple and cost-effective polycondensation routes to antimicrobial consumer products (2016)

Cost-effective macromolecular antimicrobials were synthesized to explore a variety of chemical functional groups that target antimicrobial performance and reduce cytotoxicity.
Experimental Detection and Characterization of Brillouin Precursor Through Loamy Soil at Microwave Frequencies (2011)

This study reports experimental results on detecting Brillouin precursors through loamy-soil dispersive media in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 3 GHz. An experimental technique to collect and analyze the data is presented. Brillouin precursors are shown to be superimposed on the sine-modulated rectangular and Gaussian pulses. The detected Brillouin precursor is shown to have an algebraic amplitude decay behavior through the wet loamy soil considered in this study. Further, a method is proposed to extract the complex dielectric permittivity of the soil from limited experimental data. The experimental results are validated using a theoretical Fast Fourier Transform-based formulation and the experimentally achieved complex dielectric permittivity. These results are also compared with those of using existing theoretical dielectric models. Three different tests are also applied to validate the hypothesis of Brillouin precursor formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Retention and Apparent Inversion During Azide Displacement of α‐Triflates of 1,5‐Lactones. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of azide ion with the 2‐O‐trifluoromethanesulfonate derived from the D‐glycero‐D‐talo‐heptano‐1,5‐lactone (I) yields the D‐glycero‐D‐galacto lactone (IV), which isomerizes to the more stable D‐glycero‐D‐talo lactone (V).
Synthesis of ring-contracted derivatives of erythromycin [Erratum to document cited in CA107(19):175746c] (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ring-contracted derivatives of erythromycin [Erratum to document cited in CA107(19):175746c]Herbert A. Kirst, Julie A. Wind, and Jonathan W. PaschalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 14, 3396Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00249a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00249a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resonant Germanium-on-Silicon Photodetector with Evanescent Waveguide Coupling (2016)

A 4.5-µm-radius resonant germanium-on-silicon photodetector is first demonstrated with evanescent coupling from bus waveguide, achieving 2.03nA dark current, 1.04A/W responsivity at 1530nm, 32.9GHz electro-optic bandwidth and enhancement on responsivities for longer wavelengths (>0.3A/W at 1630nm).
Borrelia burgdorferi genes selectively expressed in the infected host. (1995)

An immunological screening strategy was used to select microbial genes expressed only in the host. Differential screening of a Borrelia burgdorferi (the Lyme disease agent) expression library identified a gene (p21) encoding a 20.7-kDa antigen that reacted with antibodies in serum from actively infected mice but not serum from mice immunized with heat-killed B. burgdorferi. Selective expression of p21 in the infected host was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and RNA PCR. Further differential screening of the expression library identified at least five additional B. burgdorferi genes are selectively expressed in vivo. This screening method can be used to identify genes induced in vivo in a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms for which a gene transfer system is not currently available.
Cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (2020)

Measurements of ultrahigh-fidelity absorption spectra can help validate quantum theory, engineer ultracold chemistry, and remotely sense atmospheres. Recent achievements in cavity-enhanced spectroscopy using either frequency-based dispersion or time-based absorption approaches have set new records for accuracy with uncertainties at the sub-per-mil level. However, laser scanning5 or susceptibility to nonlinearities limits their ultimate performance. Here we present cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (CBDS) in which the dispersive frequency shift of a cavity resonance is encoded in the cavity's transient response to a phase-locked non-resonant laser excitation. Beating between optical frequencies during buildup exactly localizes detuning from mode center, and thus enables single-shot dispersion measurements. CBDS yields an accuracy limited by the chosen frequency standard, a speed limited by the cavity round-trip time, and is currently 50 times less susceptible to detection nonlinearity compared to intensity-based methods. The universality of CBDS shows promise for improving fundamental research into a variety of light-matter interactions.
A Survey of Physical-Layer Authentication in Wireless Communications (2020)

Authentication is an important issue in wireless communications because the open nature of the wireless medium provides more security vulnerabilities. Recently, Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA) attracts many research interests because it provides information-theory security and low complexity. Although many researchers focus on the PLA and exploit its potential in enhancing wireless security, the literature is surprisingly sparse with no comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art PLA and the key fundamentals involved. Thus, this article provides a detailed survey of features and techniques that can be used in the PLA. We categorize the existing PLA schemes into two categories: passive and active schemes. In the passive schemes, a receiver authenticates the transmitter based on the physical-layer features of the received signals. We further divide the passive schemes into two sub-categories: device-based features and channel-based features. In the active schemes, a transmitter generates a tag based on a secret key and embeds it into a source message. Then, a receiver authenticates the transmitter based on the tag whether it exists in the received signal. We further divide active schemes into two sub-categories: non-covert schemes and covert schemes. Moreover, we also provide some future research directions.
Recent Electrochemical Applications of Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials (2020)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a versatile class of porous materials that exhibit high specific surface areas, controllable structures, and tunable pores, have been identified as a promising platform in the field of electrochemistry in recent years, and researchers have now designed MOFs specific to electrochemical applications. In this review, we describe the recent uses of MOFs and their composites for use in electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors), followed by an overview of the remaining challenges and viewpoints for MOF-based materials for these applications.
<title>Fade-in/out scene change detection in the MPEG-1/2/4 compressed video domain</title> (1999)

In this paper, we present a fade detection technique for indexing of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 compressed video sequences. We declare a fade-in if the number of positive residual dc coefficients in P frames exceeds a certain percentage of the total number of non-zero dc coefficients consistently over several consecutive frames. Our fade-detection technique has fair accuracy and the advantage of high simplicity since it uses only entropy decoding and does not use computationally expensive inverse DCTs.
Development of sporozoite vaccines (1984)

Protective immunity against malaria has been achieved in hosts ranging from birds to man by repeated inoculation of irradiated sporozoites. The main antigens involved in protective immunity to sporozoites are the circumsporozoite (CS) proteins, which are part of a family of proteins, covering the whole surface membrane of the parasite, and which have similar physico-chemical and antigenic properties. Monovalent fragments of monoclonal antibodies to CS proteins neutralize sporozoite infectivity. All monoclonal antibodies recognize a single immunodominant region within the various CS proteins, and this region contains repetitive epitopes. The recurrent immunodominant epitope of the CS protein of P. knowlesi has been identified, and shown to consist of 12 tandemly repeated subunits of 12 amino acids. The dimer of the dodecapeptide was coupled to protein carriers, emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, and injected into rodents and monkeys. All animals made anti-peptide antibodies, and most of the antisera reacted with P. knowlesi CS protein.
Recombination in a sterile polyploid hybrid yeast upon meiotic Return-To-Growth (2021)

The sustainable future of food industry and consumer demands meet the need to generate out-performing new yeast variants. This is addressed by using the natural yeast diversity and breeding via sexual reproduction but the recovery of recombined spores in many industrial strains is limited. To circumvent this drawback, we examined whether or not the process of meiotic Return to Growth (RTG) that allows S. cerevisiae diploid cells to initiate meiotic recombination genome-wide and then re-enter into mitosis, will be effective to generate recombinants in a sterile and polyploid baking yeast strain (CNCM). We proceeded in four steps. First, whole genome sequencing of the CNCM strain revealed that it was an unbalanced polymorphic triploid. Second, we annotated a panel of genes likely involved in the success of the RTG process. Third, we examined the strain progression into sporulation and fourth, we developed an elutriation and reiterative RTG protocol that allowed to generate extensive libraries of recombinant RTGs, enriched up to 70 %. Altogether, the genome analysis of 122 RTG cells demonstrated that they were bona fide RTG recombinants since the vast majority retained the parental ploidy and exhibited allelic variations involving 1-60 recombined regions per cell with a length of ∼0.4-400 kb. Thus, beyond diploid laboratory strains, we demonstrated the proficiency of this natural non-GM and marker-free process to recombine a sterile and polyploid hybrid yeast, thus providing an unprecedented resource to screen improved traits.
Origins and mitigation of spurious modes in aluminum nitride microresonators (2010)

Recently reported narrow bandwidth, <;2%, aluminum nitride microresonator filters in the 100-500 MHz range offer lower insertion loss, 100× smaller size, and elimination of large external matching networks, when compared to similar surface acoustic wave filters. While the initial results are promising, many microresonators exhibit spurious responses both close and far from the pass band which degrade the out of band rejection and prevent the synthesis of useful filters. This paper identifies the origins of several unwanted modes in overtone width extensional aluminum nitride microresonators and presents techniques for mitigating the spurious responses.
Human-Like Mouse Models for Testing the Efficacy and Safety of Anti-β2-Microglobulin Monoclonal Antibodies to Treat Myeloma (2009)

Based on the antimyeloma efficacy and low toxicity in the mice, our study suggests that anti-beta2M mAbs may be safe and the tissue-expressing and soluble beta2M may not compromise their therapeutic effects in myeloma patients. This study provides further support for the future application of the mAbs as therapeutic agents for multiple myeloma.
Traffic-Aware Backscatter Communications in Wireless-Powered\n Heterogeneous Networks (2018)

With the emerging Internet-of-Things services, massive machine-to-machine\n(M2M) communication will be deployed on top of human-to-human (H2H)\ncommunication in the near future. Due to the coexistence of M2M and H2H\ncommunications, the performance of M2M (i.e., secondary) network depends\nlargely on the H2H (i.e., primary) network. In this paper, we propose ambient\nbackscatter communication for the M2M network which exploits the energy\n(signal) sources of the H2H network, referring to traffic applications and\npopularity. In order to maximize the harvesting and transmission opportunities\noffered by varying traffic sources of the H2H network, we adopt a Bayesian\nnonparametric (BNP) learning algorithm to classify traffic applications\n(patterns) for secondary user (SU). We then analyze the performance of SU using\nthe stochastic geometrical approach, based on a criterion for optimal traffic\npattern selection. Results are presented to validate the performance of the\nproposed BNP classification algorithm and the criterion, as well as the impact\nof traffic sources and popularity.\n