gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Base‐Free Production of H<sub>2</sub> by Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Using An Iridium–bisMETAMORPhos Complex (2013)

Erase the base: An iridium complex based on a cooperative ligand that functions as an internal base is reported. This complex can rapidly and cleanly dehydrogenate formic acid in absence of external base, a reaction that is required if formic acid is to be exploited as an energy carrier (see scheme).
One Year after Dondi: Time to Get Back to Litigating? (1990)

Mr. Brewer is admitted to practice in the states of New York and Texas and several federal courts, including the Northern District of Texas and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.Mr. Majorie is admitted to practice in the states of New York
Mound activities in chemical and physical research: January-June 1983 (1983)

Progress and activities are reported on: low-temperature trennschaukel (thermistor calibration, thermal conductivity of He-Ne), liquid-phase thermal diffusion (properties of ethyl chloride), zinc isotope separation, mutal diffusion, molecular beam scattering, calcium isotope separation by ion exchange, thermal stability of crystalline and amorphous ZrPdH/sub x/, and measurement of environmental HT and HTO in the air near Mound. (DLC)
The Murine (H-2<sup>k</sup>) T-Cell Epitopes of Bee Venom Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Lie Outside the Active Site of the Enzyme (1997)

Recombinant, enzymatic active phospholipase A2 from bee venom (PLA2) is a potent inducer of IgE antibody formation in CBA/J (H-2k) mice. In contrast, a recombinant mutant protein lacking enzymatic activity due to an amino acid exchange in the active site of the enzyme fails to induce IgE antibodies under identical immunization conditions. Peptide mapping and T-cell stimulation experiments with 18-mer overlapping peptides locate the T-helper cell-activating epitopes in the C-terminal region of the PLA2 protein. No T-cell epitopes are found in the area around position 34, the center of the enzymatically active site. The data support a model in which initially an enzymatic activation of mast cells or basophiles leads to IL-4 production which in a paracrine way drives T-helper cells, concomitantly activated by antigen, into Th2 differentiation. This ultimately favors B-cell activation for an IgE response.
Versatile synthesis of probes for high-throughput enzyme activity screening (2013)

Mass spectrometry based technologies are promising as generalizable high-throughput assays for enzymatic activity. In one such technology, a specialized enzyme substrate probe is presented to a biological mixture potentially exhibiting enzymatic activity, followed by an in situ enrichment step using fluorous interactions and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry. This technology, known as Nimzyme, shows great potential but is limited by the need to synthesize custom substrate analogs. We describe a synthetic route that simplifies the production of these probes by fashioning their perfluorinated invariant portion as an alkylating agent. This way, a wide variety of compounds can be effectively transformed into enzyme activity probes. As a proof of principle, a chloramphenicol analog synthesized according to this methodology was used to detect chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in cell lysate. This verifies the validity of the synthetic strategy employed and constitutes the first reported application of Nimzyme to a non-carbohydrate-active enzyme. The simplified synthetic approach presented here may help advance the application of mass spectrometry to high-throughput enzyme activity determination.
The Length and Proportions of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis (1981)

The length of the thoracolumbar spine was measured on standardized X-ray films from 274 children (6 1/2--18 1/2 years) with idiopathic scoliosis and 212 controls. Where possible, the height and width (traverse diameter) of two vertebral bodies (T-6 and L-4) were also measured. Although a tendency towards longer spines in the scoliotics could be found, there was no significant difference between children with idiopathic scoliosis and controls in this respect. In girls the pubertal growth-spurt of the spine was found to start about 1 year earlier than in the controls and the growth of the spine seemed to cease later in the scoliotics. The height and width of T-6 was significantly greater in the scoliotics than in the controls for girls under 13 years of age. In the older girls and in the boys no significant difference could be demonstrated. The height of L-4 tended to be greater in the scoliotic boys and younger girls, though the differences were not statistically significant. The index height/width was calculated for T-6 and L-4 in all groups of patients and higher values could be demonstrated in the scoliotics for all test groups. The greatest height of T-6 in scoliotics might indicate a longer thoracic spine in these children. The higher values of the height/width indices suggest that the thoracolumbar spine in children with idiopathic scoliosis has an increased slenderness compared with the spine in non-scoliotic children.
Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Molecules Are Prominent Components in Plasma and Valve Leaflets in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis (2017)

The <i>LPA</i> gene is the only monogenetic risk factor for calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) and lysophosphatidic acid generated by autotaxin (ATX) from OxPL are pro-inflammatory. Aortic valve leaflets were categorized pathologically from Both ATX-apoB and ATX-apo(a) were measureable in plasma. Lp(a), autotaxin, OxPL and MDA epitopes progressively increased in immunostaining (p<0.001 for all). Six species of OxPL and LysoPA were identified following extraction from valve leaflets. The presence of a constellation of pathologically-linked, Lp(a)-associated molecules in plasma and in aortic valve leaflets of patients with CAVS suggest that Lp(a) is a key etiological factor in CAVS.
Indole production by the tryptophanase TnaA in Escherichia coli is determined by the amount of exogenous tryptophan (2013)

The signalling molecule indole occurs in significant amounts in the mammalian intestinal tract and regulates diverse microbial processes, including bacterial motility, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and host cell invasion. In Escherichia coli, the enzyme tryptophanase (TnaA) produces indole from tryptophan, but it is not clear what determines how much indole E. coli can produce and excrete, making it difficult to interpret experiments that investigate the biological effects of indole at high concentrations. Here, we report that the final yield of indole depends directly, and perhaps solely, on the amount of exogenous tryptophan. When supplied with a range of tryptophan concentrations, E. coli converted this amino acid into an equal amount of indole, up to almost 5 mM, an amount well within the range of the highest concentrations so far examined for their physiological effects. Indole production relied heavily on the tryptophan-specific transporter TnaB, even though the alternative transporters AroP and Mtr could import sufficient tryptophan to induce tnaA expression. This TnaB requirement proceeded via tryptophan transport and was not caused by activation of TnaA itself. Bacterial growth was unaffected by the presence of TnaA in the absence of exogenous tryptophan, suggesting that the enzyme does not hydrolyse significant quantities of the internal anabolic amino acid pool. The results imply that E. coli synthesizes TnaA and TnaB mainly, or solely, for the purpose of converting exogenous tryptophan into indole, under conditions and for signalling purposes that remain to be fully elucidated.
Peptide microarrays : methods and protocols (2009)

Due to their versatility, along with the diminishing costs of library synthesis and the growth of commercial support, peptide microarrays will likely expand beyond being just a research tool into an adaptable and powerful platform to be harnessed for wider drug discovery and point-of-care applications. In Peptide Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field provide a cutting-edge view of peptide array technology, its applications, and technical issues. After examining how peptides can characterize proteins and clarify, at the amino acid level, the molecular recognition events in which they are involved, the volume goes on to cover topics such as the production and use of peptide arrays for enzyme and binding motifs characterization, epitope mapping, and diagnostics, the newest technological advancements, as well as software and web tools for the design of peptide arrays and for the analysis of output data. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easy-to-use, Peptide Microarrays: Methods and Protocols promises to serve scientists with its unique insights and novel solutions in peptide array technology in order to advance this vital field
Developing RNase P ribozymes for gene-targeting and antiviral therapy (2004)

RNase P, a tRNA processing enzyme, contains both RNA and protein subunits. M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli, recognizes its target RNA substrate mainly on the basis of its structure and cleaves a double stranded RNA helix at the 5' end that resembles the acceptor stem and T-stem structure of its natural tRNA substrate. Accordingly, a guide sequence (GS) can be covalently attached to the M1 RNA to generate a sequence specific ribozyme, M1GS RNA. M1GS ribozyme can target any mRNA sequence of choice that is complementary to its guide sequence. Recent studies have shown that M1GS ribozymes efficiently cleave the mRNAs of herpes simplex virus 1 and human cytomegalovirus, and the BCR-ABL oncogenic mRNA in vitro and effectively reduce the expression of these mRNAs in cultured cells. Moreover, an in vitro selection scheme has been developed to select for M1 GS ribozyme variants with more efficient catalytic activity in cleaving mRNAs. When expressed in cultured cells, these selected ribozymes also show an enhance ability to inhibit viral gene expression and growth. These recent results demonstrate the feasibility of developing the M1GS ribozyme-based technology as a promising gene targeting approach for basic research and clinical therapeutic application.
Macroscopic Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Using Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (2011)

In this paper, we report an efficient process to grow well-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with a good area distribution density (about 5.6 ×10 7 CNT/mm 2 ). Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) have been produced by controlling flow rate, temperature and catalyst nanoparticles using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) technique. They were synthesized on quartz substrates at 800 °C from toluene as a carbon source. VA-CNT samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and their surface area and pore size were determined by nitrogen adsorption analysis. The synthesized CNTs have a length of 500 µm and diameters ranging from 120±40 nm. The CNT filaments form a strength structure and exhibit a good vertical alignment. The remarkable properties of CNTs make them attractive for separation applications, especially for water and wastewater treatment.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2002)

Introduction Interferon and the 2-5A/Pathway, L. Bastide, E. Demettre, C. Martinand-Mari, and B. Lebleu Ribonuclease L: Overview of a Multifaceted Protein, P. Englebienne, C.V. Herst, S. Roelens, A. D'Haese, K. El Bakkouri, K. De Smet, M. Fremont, L. Bastide, E. Demettre, and B. Lebleu A 37-kDa RNase L: A Novel Form of RNase L Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, R.J. Suhadolnik, S.E. Shetzline, C. Martinand-Mari, and N.L. Reichenbach Ribonuclease L Inhibitor: A Member of the ATP-Binding Cassette Superfamily, P. Englebienne, C.V. Herst, A. D'Haese, K, De Meirleir, L, Bastide, E, Demettre, and B, Lebleu The 2-5A Pathway and Signal Transduction: A Possible Link to Immune Dysregulation and Fatigue, P. Englebienne, C.V. Herst, M. Fremont, T. Verbinnen, M. Verhas, and K. De Meirleir Immune Cell Apoptosis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, M. Fremont, A. D'Haese, S. Roelens, K. De Smet, C.V. Herst, and P. Englebienne RNase L, Symptoms, Biochemistry of Fatigue and Pain, and Co-Morbid Disease, N.R. McGregor, P. De Becker, and K. De Meirleir CFS Etiology, the Immune System, and Infection, K. De Meirleir, P. De Becker, J. Nijs, D.L. Peterson, G. Nicolson, R. Patarca-Montero, and P. Englebienne Current Advances in CFS Therapy, P. De Becker, N.R. McGregor, K. De Smet, and K. De Meirleir From Laboratory to Patient Care, K. De Meirleir, D.L. Peterson, P. De Becker, and P. Englebienne Index
Influence of antennas on the radar cross section of camouflaged aircraft (1992)

The radar cross section (RCS) of sensitive military aircraft has been considerable reduced in the last 10 years. The improvements were mainly achieved by geometrical shaping and the usage of new absorbent materials. The only equipment that can not be RCS-reduced during operation are the various antennas of the different onboard sensor systems (RADAR, EW, communication). Antennas have to receive or radiate electromagnetic energy and need a certain aperture size to produce a desired radiation pattern. The maximum antenna RCS is about the same as that of flat plates, having equal effective areas. A minimum can be achieved, when the structural scattering is compensated by the reflection at the load impedance. Depending on frequency and polarization, any value between is possible. Therefore the antenna RCS may exceed the structural RCS of stealth aircraft. The paper analyses the antenna radar cross section for arbitrary polarization and arbitrary impedance match over wide frequency ranges. Examples for waveguide and planar antenna types are given and reduction and minimization of antenna scattering are discussed. >
Repeat-until-success circuits with fixed-point oblivious amplitude amplification (2019)

Certain quantum operations can be built more efficiently through a procedure known as repeat-until-success (RUS). Differently from other nondeterministic quantum operations, this procedure provides a classical flag which certifies the success or failure of the procedure and, in the latter case, a recovery step allows the restoration of the quantum state to its original condition. The procedure can then be repeated until success is achieved. After success is certified, the RUS procedure can be equated to a coherent gate. However, this is not the case when the operation needs to be conditioned on the state of other qubits, possibly being in a superposition state. In this situation, the final operation depends on the failure and success history and introduces a ``distortion'' that, even after the final success, depends on the past outcomes. We quantify the distortion and show that it can be reduced by increasing the probability of success towards unity. While this can be achieved via oblivious amplitude amplification when the original success probability is known, we propose the use of fixed-point oblivious amplitude amplification to reduce this unwanted distortion below any given threshold even without knowing the initial success probability.
Temporal pattern classification in the model of olfactory cortex (2005)

In this paper, we present a neural network model which has the architecture of the olfactory cortex. Although the olfactory cortex is considered to process the spatio-temporal information generated in the olfactory bulb, it is not clear what kind of information is brought to the cortex and what kind of pattern is being generated in the cortex by the input temporal pattern. It is shown that certain types of the input pulse train induce a long lasting oscillation spreading all over the network. The oscillation is organized based on the Hebbian learning rule so as to produce a characteristic pattern for each input pattern. The patterns of spatio-temporal oscillation become different depending on input patterns. The patterns are also changed depending on the learning processes. It is highly possible that this type of spatio-temporal patterns is essential for the odor recognition.
Phosphorus amino acid analogs as inhibitors of leucine aminopeptidase (1987)

A variety of phosphorus amino acid and dipeptide analogues have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme leucine aminopeptidase from porcine kidney. Two phosphonate dipeptides were found to be modest inhibitors of the enzyme (8e, Ki = 58 microM; 8h, Ki = 340 microM). The phosphinic acid (17-OH) and phosphinamide (17-NH2) analogues related to bestatin were prepared by condensation of the phosphinate amino acid derivative 11, via a trivalent phosphonite ester 12, with leucine isocyanate derivatives 13. These compounds also proved to be unexceptional in their inhibition of LAP (17-O-, Ki = 56 microM; 17-NH2, Ki = 40 microM). A series of simple (alpha-aminoalkyl)phosphonic acid and -phosphinic acids were also evaluated, and the most potent inhibitors were found to be the phosphonic acid analogues of L-Leu and L-Phe [R)-3e, Ki = 0.23 microM; (R)-3h, Ki = 0.42 microM). Slow-binding behavior was observed for (R)-3e (kon = 400 +/- 55 M-1 s-1) and (R)-3h (kon = 445 +/- 50 M-1 s-1). The phosphinic acid analogues of Leu and Phe are 100-fold less potent than the phosphonate derivatives. The fact that tetrahedral phosphorus analogues are less potent inhibitors of LAP than they are of other zinc peptidases suggests that the mechanism of LAP may be fundamentally different than that of the latter enzymes.
Non-antibiotic treatments for bacterial diseases in an era of progressive antibiotic resistance (2016)

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbial pathogens threatens the very foundation upon which standard antibacterial chemotherapy is based. We must consider non-antibiotic solutions to manage invasive bacterial infections. Transition from antibiotics to non-traditional treatments poses real clinical challenges that will not be easy to solve. Antibiotics will continue to reliably treat some infections (e.g., group A streptococci and Treponema pallidum) but will likely need adjuvant therapies or will need to be replaced for many bacterial infections in the future.
Antibody to CD-18 exerts endothelial and cardiac protective effects in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. (1991)

We studied the effects of MAbR15.7, an antibody directed against the common beta-chain (CD-18) of a family of neutrophil adherence glycoproteins, on endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury in a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in cats. Pentobarbital-anesthetized cats were subjected to 1.5 h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and 4.5 h of reperfusion. MI + R resulted in severe myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction, including significant elevation of plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, marked myocardial necrosis, high cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in ischemic cardiac tissue, and loss of response of LAD coronary rings to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators, acetylcholine (ACh) and A-23187. In contrast, MAbR15.7-treated cats exhibited a lower plasma CK activity at every time point observed after 2 h, a reduced area of cardiac necrosis (2 +/- 1 vs. 30.8 +/- 2.5% of area-at-risk, P less than 0.001), lower MPO activity in the ischemic region (P less than 0.01), and significantly preserved vasorelaxant responses of LAD coronary rings to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, ACh (P less than 0.001), and A-23187 (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion induces significant myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction in the cat involving a CD18-dependent neutrophil adherence mechanism. Inhibition of neutrophil adherence to the endothelium exerts significant protective effects in this model of reperfusion injury.
Mechanical and Swelling Properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol) and Hyaluronic Acid Gels used in Biomaterial Systems - a Comparative Study (2014)

There is an increasing demand for designing controlled drug delivery systems with materials which are more biocompatible, economical and materials which can be processed easily. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are promising polymers for applications in drug delivery. PVA forms gel based on the acetal bridges when crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). On the other hand, HA a natural polymer, forms gel with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. PVA and HA blends upon crosslinking PVA with GA or HA with DVS, in the presence of the other polymer, form gels that are more adaptable to the drug delivery systems. In this work, the mechanical properties and swelling behaviour of PVAHA gels were characterized. The effect of composition on viscoelastic moduli and degree of swelling was determined. The storage modulus (G″) of various gels made of PVA, HA and PVAHA blends were measured using rheology and compared with the values available in the literature. Swelling properties were measured and compared among various PVA and HA gels. Collagen is added to PVA solution and the rheological properties were measured in the gel state. Based on the values of storage modulus, gels of various compositions of PVA, HA and collagen might be selected as potential biomaterials for drug delivery system depending on careful understanding the type of application.
Microencapsulation of higher hydrocarbon phase change materials by<i>in situ</i>polymerization (2005)

Three higher hydrocarbon phase change materials (PCMs) with melting points of 25, 40 and 50 degrees C were microencapsulated by in situ polymerization of amino-aldehyde resins. Trimethylolmelamine (TMM) and hexamethoxymethylolmelamine (HMMM) were studied as amino-aldehyde pre-polymers for microcapsule wall formation, in combination with emulsifying/modifying agents based on styrene-malein anhydride copolymers (SMA) of different molecular weights and different styrene-maleic acid anhydride ratios. Microcapsule sizes, size distribution and wall permeability were analysed. A mathematical model was developed for comparing the mechanical resistance of different batches of microcapsules, produced at different TMM-SMA ratios. Larger microcapsules with thicker walls and larger pores (M(LAR)) expressed lower resistance to breakage than slightly smaller microcapsules with thinner walls and finer pore structure (M(SMA)). Mathematical data were confirmed by a smudging colouration test. Laboratory microencapsulation process parameters were optimized to obtain impermeable microcapsules with improved mechanical stability. The process was transferred into a 10l pilot reactor for two PCMs with melting points of 25 and 40 degrees C. Dry powder of microencapsulated PCMs was obtained by spray drying of aqueous microcapsule suspensions.