gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmentally ordered V-J recombination in mouse T cell receptor gamma locus is not perturbed by targeted deletion of the Vgamma4 gene (1997)

Mouse TCR gamma genes in the gamma1 cluster are arranged in the order of Vgamma5, Vgamma2, Vgamma4, Vgamma3, Jgamma1, and Cgamma1 on the chromosome. During thymic ontogeny, each Vgamma gene recombines with the Jgamma1 gene in the order of proximity to Jgamma1. To explore the mechanism of the ordered recombination, we generated Vgamma4-deficient mice by gene targeting and the Cre/loxP system, by deleting the 4.8-kb DNA region between 3' of the Vgamma2 and 3' of the Vgamma4. In semiquantitative PCR analysis, Vgamma2-Jgamma1 recombination was detected frequently in adult thymus, while Vgamma3-Jgamma1 recombination preferentially occurred in fetal thymus of the mutant mice. There was no difference in the frequency of V-J recombinations between control and mutant mice. Southern blot analysis also revealed that recombination of the Vgamma2 gene occurred as frequently as in control mice. In addition, there was no difference in the levels of germline transcripts of Vgamma2 and Vgamma3 genes between control and mutant mice. Therefore, regulation of the Vgamma-Jgamma recombination was not affected by deletion of the Vgamma4 gene. These results suggest that the ordered recombination is controlled by regulatory elements near each Vgamma gene.
Aortic Valve Replacement with Autologous Pericardium: Surgical Technique (1995)

The surgical technique of aortic valve replacement with freehand glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium is described. Forty-nine patients underwent this procedure without hospital mortality and no thromboembolic episodes without anticoagulation. Three patients underwent reoperation: for infective endocarditis in two; and tear of one commissure 8 months after surgery in another. This technique because of its excellent hemodynamics and low thrombogenicity might be a valid alternative particularly in patients with a small aortic annulus.
Classical lepidopteran wing scale colouration in the giant butterfly-moth <i>Paysandisia archon</i> (2018)

The palm borer moth <i>Paysandisia archon</i> (Castniidae; giant butterfly-moths) has brown dorsal forewings and strikingly orange-coloured dorsal hindwings with white spots surrounded by black margins. Here, we have studied the structure and pigments of the wing scales in the various coloured wing areas, applying light and electron microscopy and (micro)spectrophotometry, and we analysed the spatial reflection properties with imaging scatterometry. The scales in the white spots are unpigmented, those in the black and brown wing areas contain various amounts of melanin, and the orange wing scales contain a blue-absorbing ommochrome pigment. In all scale types, the upper lamina acts as a diffuser and the lower lamina as a thin film interference reflector, with thickness of about 200 nm. Scale stacking plays an important role in creating the strong visual signals: the colour of the white eyespots is created by stacks of unpigmented blue scales, while the orange wing colour is strongly intensified by stacking the orange scales.
Designing interaction, not interfaces (2004)

Although the power of personal computers has increased 1000-fold over the past 20 years, user interfaces remain essentially the same. Innovations in HCI research, particularly novel interaction techniques, are rarely incorporated into products. In this paper I argue that the only way to significantly improve user interfaces is to shift the research focus from designing interfaces to designing interaction. This requires powerful interaction models, a better understanding of both the sensory-motor details of interaction and a broader view of interaction in the context of use. It also requires novel interaction architectures that address reinterpretability, resilience and scalability.
Platelet Concentrates Stored at 22°C Need Oxygen (1983)

Platelet concentrates prepared by platelet apheresis were stored in plastic blood bags with different gas permeability properties. Inadequate oxygen supply gave an insufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration and a compensatory increase in glycolysis and lactic acid production, giving a rapidly falling pH. At pH below 6.0 the glycolysis was inhibited, oxygen consumption ceased, and ATP dropped towards depletion. Adequate oxygen supply kept the lactic acid production low with small pH changes only, and allowed a sufficient ATP regeneration. The release of α-granular platelet Factor 4 (PF4) was almost total at pH below 6.0, while at intact metabolic function there was a slow release of PF4. Platelet preservation is enhanced by the use of blood bags with adequate gas exchange properties. In our study one polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) bag gave poor results, while another PVC bag and a polyolefin bag showed intact metabolism for 5 days and a moderate release of PF4.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE IN NORMAL AGING AND IN AD/SDAT (1984)

PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING, DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE (AD) AND SENILE DEMENTIA (SD)-I. Etiological and pathogenetic aspects: PDF Only
Figure of Merit of Composite Filters with Micrometer and Nanometer Fibers (2008)

We investigate the filtration performance of composite filters composed of micrometer and nanometer fibers.The filter quality is evaluated using the figure of merit, also known as the quality factor.We use analytical expressions for the pressure drop and filtration efficiency to compute the figure of merit.The effects on the figure of merit by fiber diameter, solidity, and thickness of nanometer and micrometer fibers and face velocity are investigated.Experimental data obtained using conventional filter media and nanofiber composite filters are then used to verify the calculated results.We find that for large particles (approximately 0.1 m and above), nanofibers can improve the figure of merit compared to conventional filters.Smaller fiber size, larger solidity, and thickness of the nanofiber layer lead to better filtration performance in this size range.For small particles (approximately below 0.1 m), nanofibers do not improve the figure of merit compared to conventional filter media.Larger fiber size, smaller solidity, and thickness of the nanofiber layer are preferred in this size range.We demonstrate that our procedure using analytical expression is a fast and effective tool for filter media design.
Exosome target cell selection and the importance of exosomal tetraspanins: a hypothesis (2011)

Exosomes are derived from limiting membranes of MVBs (multivesicular bodies). They carry and transfer selected membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, mRNA and microRNA into target cells. It is due to this shipping of information that exosomes are considered to be the most promising therapeutic tool for multiple diseases. However, whereas knowledge on the composition of exosomes is rapidly increasing, the mode of selective recruitment into exosomes as well as target cell selection is poorly understood. We suggest that at least part of this task is taken over by tetraspanins. Tetraspanins, which are involved in morphogenesis, fission and fusion processes, are enriched in exosomes, and our previous work revealed that the recruitment of distinct tetraspanins into exosomes follows very selective routes, including a rearrangement of the tetraspanin web. Furthermore, only exosomes expressing a defined set of tetraspanins and associated molecules target endothelial cells, thereby contributing to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. On the basis of these findings we hypothesize (i) that the protein assembly of exosomes and possibly the recruitment of microRNA will be regulated to a large extent by tetraspanins and (ii) that tetraspanins account for target cell selection and the tight interaction/uptake of exosomes by the target cell. Exosomes herald an unanticipated powerful path of cell-cell communication. An answer to how exosomes collect and transfer information will allow the use of Nature's concept to cope with malfunctions.
Toluene disproportionation over aluminum-deficient and metal-loaded mordenites. 1. Catalytic activity and aging (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToluene disproportionation over aluminum-deficient and metal-loaded mordenites. 1. Catalytic activity and agingShashidhar S. Bhavikatti and Suresh R. PatwardhanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 1, 102–105Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300001a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i300001a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hitting the target in IDH2 mutant AML (2017)

In this issue of Blood, Stein et al1 demonstrate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of targeted inhibition of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a related paper, Amatangelo et al2 investigate mechanisms of response in samples derived from the same patients.
Detection of Calcium Signals in Neutrophils Using Fluorescent Dyes (1989)

Previous studies indicate that osmotic gradients promote membrane fusion, while hyperosmotic conditions inhibit membrane fusion during exocytosis. Consistent with this idea is the observation that the release of lysosomal enzymes from rabbit neutrophils, induced by the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), is inhibited almost 80% in a 700-mosmol/kg medium. Inhibition is immediate (within 10 s), increases with osmolality, and is independent of the osmoticant. Neutrophils loaded with the calcium indicator indo-1 exhibit an FMLP-induced calcium signal that is inhibited by hyperosmolality. Hyperosmolality (700 mosmol/kg) increases basal calcium levels and reduces the peak of the calcium signal elicited by FMLP at concentrations ranging from 10-10 to 10-7M. Studies using chlorotetracycline, a dye that detects membrane-bound calcium within cells, show that part of the signal results from release of intracellularly sequestered calcium. Thus, in neutrophils, hyperosmolality inhibits not only exocytosis but also the calcium signal that initiates exocytosis.
Phosphonate analog of 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridylic acid (1979)

The phosphonate analogue (6) of 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridylic acid has been prepared via a Pfitzner--Moffatt oxidation and Witting reaction. This compound was found to inhibit thymidylate synthetase from three sources and to be cytotoxic to H.Ep.-2 cells in culture.
Combined integrated protocol/basket trial design for a first-in-human trial (2016)

This trial provides probably the first example that basket trials may not be limited to single genetic aberrations, which is overly restrictive, but our trial design demonstrates that pathway specificity is a viable paradigm for defining baskets. This will hopefully serve as a role model that could benefit other innovative drug development programs targeting rare diseases.
Gas-Phase cationization and protonation of neutrals generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption (1993)

The ionization mechanisms involved in matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) were studied with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. When protonated or cationized quasimolecular ions generated by MALDI are not extracted promptly, their abundance is a function of the delay time between laser irradiation and ion extraction, maximizing at an optimum delay time (DTM) of a few hundred nanoseconds. The ion abundance at DTM exceeds that of prompt extraction by a factor of 2 or more. Increasing the cation density near the sample surface reduces the DTM, whereas increasing the desorption laser irradiance has the opposite effect. The enhancement suggests extensive gas-phase ion-molecule reactions after irradiation by the desorption laser has ceased.
Monitoring Gene Expression: Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (2013)

Two-step quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), also known as real-time RT-PCR, kinetic RT-PCR, or quantitative fluorescent RT-PCR, has become the method of choice for gene expression analysis during the last few years. It is a fast and convenient PCR method that combines traditional RT-PCR with the phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using fluorogenic primers. The detection of changes in fluorescence intensity during the reaction enables the user to follow the PCR reaction in real time.RT-qPCR comprises several steps: (1) RNA is isolated from target tissue/cells; (2) mRNA is reverse-transcribed to cDNA; (3) modified gene-specific PCR primers are used to amplify a segment of the cDNA of interest, following the reaction in real time; and (4) the initial concentration of the selected transcript in a specific tissue or cell type is calculated from the exponential phase of the reaction. Relative quantification or absolute quantification compared to standards that are run in parallel can be performed.This chapter describes the entire procedure from isolation of total RNA from liver and fatty tissues/cells to the use of RT-qPCR to study gene expression in these tissues. We perform relative quantification of transcripts to calculate the fold-difference of a certain mRNA level between different samples. In addition, tips for choosing primers and performing analyses are provided to help the beginner in understanding the technique.
Identifying Evaluative Sentences in Online Discussions (2011)

Much of opinion mining research focuses on product reviews because reviews are opinion-rich and contain little irrelevant information. However, this cannot be said about online discussions and comments. In such postings, the discussions can get highly emotional and heated with many emotional statements, and even personal attacks. As a result, many of the postings and sentences do not express positive or negative opinions about the topic being discussed. To find people’s opinions on a topic and its different aspects, which we call evaluative opinions, those irrelevant sentences should be removed. The goal of this research is thus to identify evaluative opinion sentences. A novel unsupervised approach is proposed to solve the problem, and our experimental results show that it performs well.
An Additional Spirocyclization for Duocarmycin SA (2008)

A unique alternative to the p-spirocyclization for activation of compounds containing the duocarmycin SA alkylation subunit was established involving indole NH deprotonation and subsequent cyclopropane formation. The structural characterization of an alternative spirocyclization product and the establishment of its relative reactivity, intrinsic reaction regioselectivity, biological activity, and DNA alkylation properties (selectivity, rate, and efficiency) including the isolation, characterization, and quantitation of its adenine N3 adduct are disclosed.
Changing Epidemiology of Outpatient Bacteremia in 3- to 36-Month-Old Children After the Introduction of the Heptavalent-Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine (2006)

In the United States, routine vaccinations with Haemophilus influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae vaccines have made bacteremia in the previously healthy toddler a rare event. As the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia has decreased, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus have increased in relative importance. The use of the white blood cell count alone to guide the empiric use of antibiotics is not indicated. New guidelines are needed to approach the previously healthy febrile toddler in the outpatient setting.
Objective Metrics and Gradient Descent Algorithms for Adversarial Examples in Machine Learning (2017)

Fueled by massive amounts of data, models produced by machine-learning (ML) algorithms are being used in diverse domains where security is a concern, such as, automotive systems, finance, health-care, computer vision, speech recognition, natural-language processing, and malware detection. Of particular concern is use of ML in cyberphysical systems, such as driver-less cars and aviation, where the presence of an adversary can cause serious consequences. In this paper we focus on attacks caused by adversarial samples, which are inputs crafted by adding small, often imperceptible, perturbations to force a ML model to misclassify. We present a simple gradient-descent based algorithm for finding adversarial samples, which performs well in comparison to existing algorithms. The second issue that this paper tackles is that of metrics. We present a novel metric based on few computer-vision algorithms for measuring the quality of adversarial samples.
Active Filter for the Removal of the DC Current Component for Single-Phase Power Lines (2012)

Nonlinear loads and grid-connected converters can cause, in addition to the generation of several current harmonics in the grid current, a dc current component injection. A dc current component can cause the magnetic core saturation of distribution power transformers. Transformers operating under saturation conditions present increased power losses, overheating, and distorted current waveforms. Since a dc current component causes a small dc voltage component drop across the parasitic resistance of the distribution grid conductors, canceling the dc voltage component at the point of common coupling (PCC) implies the compensation of the dc current component injected/absorbed by electric loads or grid-connected converters connected at the same PCC. This paper proposes a low-cost nonlinear sensor for an accurate detection, free from offset problems, of the dc voltage component present in the grid voltage. The detection of the dc voltage component was used to realize an active filter of the dc current component. The proposed solution is outlined, and then the stability issue is addressed by means of a simplified model. Experimental results confirmed that the simplified model closely approximates the real system.
DiverseDepth: Affine-invariant Depth Prediction Using Diverse Data (2020)

We present a method for depth estimation with monocular images, which can predict high-quality depth on diverse scenes up to an affine transformation, thus preserving accurate shapes of a scene. Previous methods that predict metric depth often work well only for a specific scene. In contrast, learning relative depth (information of being closer or further) can enjoy better generalization, with the price of failing to recover the accurate geometric shape of the scene. In this work, we propose a dataset and methods to tackle this dilemma, aiming to predict accurate depth up to an affine transformation with good generalization to diverse scenes. First we construct a large-scale and diverse dataset, termed Diverse Scene Depth dataset (DiverseDepth), which has a broad range of scenes and foreground contents. Compared with previous learning objectives, i.e., learning metric depth or relative depth, we propose to learn the affine-invariant depth using our diverse dataset to ensure both generalization and high-quality geometric shapes of scenes. Furthermore, in order to train the model on the complex dataset effectively, we propose a multi-curriculum learning method. Experiments show that our method outperforms previous methods on 8 datasets by a large margin with the zero-shot test setting, demonstrating the excellent generalization capacity of the learned model to diverse scenes. The reconstructed point clouds with the predicted depth show that our method can recover high-quality 3D shapes. Code and dataset are available at: https://tinyurl.com/DiverseDepth
Challenges of studying viral aerosol metagenomics and communities in comparison with bacterial and fungal aerosols (2014)

Despite the obvious importance of viral transmission and ecology to medicine, epidemiology, ecology, agriculture, and microbiology, the study of viral bioaerosols and community structure has remained a vastly underexplored area, due to both unresolved technical challenges and unrecognized importance. High-throughput, culture-independent techniques such as viral metagenomics are beginning to revolutionize the study of viral ecology. With recent developments in viral metagenomics, characterization of viral bioaerosol communities provides an opportunity for high-impact future research. However, there remain significant challenges for the study of viral bioaerosols compared with viruses in other matrices, such as water, the human gut, and soil. Collecting enough biomass is essential for successful metagenomic analysis, but this is a challenge with viral bioaerosols. Herein, we provide a perspective on the importance of studying viral bioaerosols, the challenges of studying viral community structure, and the potential opportunities for improvements in methods to study viruses in indoor and outdoor air.
Longitudinal study to investigate variation in results of repeated ELISA and culture of fecal samples for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in commercial dairy herds (2003)

Analysis suggests that KELA results vary on a cow-level on the basis of lactation number and stage of lactation. High KELA values indicate heavy fecal shedding, but the KELA is not useful in identifying low and moderate shedders that can require up to 236 days to have a significant increase in KELA value.
The potential role of neuroinflammation and transcription factors in Parkinson disease (2017)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurons affected by inflammatory processes. Post-mortem analyses of brain and cerebrospinal fluid from PD patients show the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines, confirming an ongoing neuroinflammation in the affected brain regions. These inflammatory mediators may activate transcription factors-notably nuclear factor κB, Ying-Yang 1 (YY1), fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-which then regulate downstream signaling pathways that in turn promote death of dopaminergic neurons through death domain-containing receptors. Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammatory attack. An increased level of inducible nitric oxide synthase observed in the substantia nigra and striatum of PD patients suggests that both cytokine-and chemokine-induced toxicity and inflammation lead to oxidative stress that contributes to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and to disease progression. Lipopolysaccharide activation of microglia in the proximity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes their degeneration, and this appears to be a selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to inflammation. In this review, we will look at the role of various transcription factors and signaling pathways in the development of PD.