gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security within space data systems (1998)

To date, many civil space missions have relied on the unique nature of space mission data systems to prevent unauthorised access to ground and space assets. However, within the relatively open environment created by the use of space data system standards, it is now essential that the security requirements for space missions are given priority. Specific security measures will be required within the space mission data system to counter specific threats from a wide range of sources. This has always been the case for military space missions, but as civil space systems start to play a role within safety-of-life applications such as air traffic control, the requirements for security are becoming increasingly important. Also, many civil missions now have important commercial interests which require protection. Work has commenced within the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) to develop an approach for applying security to CCSDS protocols. This paper introduces the different security threats and requirements that should be considered for the various space mission types as well as the technical approaches and mechanisms that can be used to counter specific threats. In the concert of space mission operations, encryption, authentication and data integrity mechanisms are reviewed. This examination is carried out with reference to the security architecture that has been developed by ISO and is used to present a potential CCSDS Security Architecture. (5 pages)
Achieving fiber protection of the access link from the core to the customer (2005)

Since the deployment of optical communications networks, carriers have used many mechanisms to protect fiber in the core, because of the large volume of traffic carried in the core, and the affect of a failure on the entire user community. Access links, connecting end users to the core network were not protected because they affected a small number of customers, carried relatively low bandwidth traffic and were less critical. As enterprises use ever growing bandwidth and become increasingly dependent on their network connectivity, they demand protected services. Since fiber breaks can occur anywhere in the network, including the so-called "last mile" carriers are looking today for protection systems for the access and edge network links. This paper focuses on the emerging solutions for this application, detailing the key criteria for selecting fiber protection switches: optical performance and cost effectiveness (important because the cost must be amortized over a small number of customers). It discusses solutions to the various access network topologies and common protection schemes.
Human Cytosolic 5′-Nucleotidase I (2001)

Nucleoside analogs are important in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and viral infections. Their metabolism to the triphosphate form is central to their chemotherapeutic efficacy. Although the nucleoside kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of these compounds have been well described, the nucleotidases that may mediate drug resistance through dephosphorylation remain obscure. We have cloned and characterized a novel human cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase (cN-I) that potentially may have an important role in nucleoside analog metabolism. It is expressed at a high level in skeletal and heart muscle, at an intermediate level in pancreas and brain, and at a low level in kidney, testis, and uterus. The recombinant cN-I showed high affinity toward dCMP and lower affinity toward AMP and IMP. ADP was necessary for maximal catalytic activity. Expression of cN-I in Jurkat and HEK 293 cells conferred resistance to 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, with a 49-fold increase in the IC(50) in HEK 293 and a greater than 400-fold increase in the IC(50) in Jurkat cells. Expression of cN-I also conferred a 22-fold increase in the IC(50) to 2',3'-difluorodeoxycytidine in HEK 293 cells and an 82-fold increase in the IC(50) to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in Jurkat cells. These data indicate that cN-I may play an important role in the regulation of physiological pyrimidine nucleotide pools and may also alter the therapeutic efficacy of certain nucleoside analogs.
Sampling and Definitions of Placental Lesions: Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement (2016)

-The group agreed on sets of uniform sampling criteria, placental gross descriptors, pathologic terminologies, and diagnostic criteria. The terminology and microscopic descriptions for maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, delayed villous maturation, patterns of ascending intrauterine infection, and villitis of unknown etiology were agreed upon. Topics requiring further discussion were highlighted. Ongoing developments in our understanding of the pathology of the placenta, scientific bases of the maternofetoplacental triad, and evolution of the clinical significance of defined lesions may necessitate further refinements of these consensus guidelines. The proposed structure will assist in international comparability of clinicopathologic and scientific studies and assist in refining the significance of lesions associated with adverse pregnancy and later health outcomes.
pH-Driven Assembly of Various Supported Lipid Platforms: A Comparative Study on Silicon Oxide and Titanium Oxide (2011)

Supported lipid platforms are versatile cell membrane mimics whose structural properties can be tailored to suit the application of interest. By identifying parameters that control the self-assembly of these platforms, there is potential to develop advanced biomimetic systems that overcome the surface specificity of lipid vesicle interactions under physiological conditions. In this work, we investigated the adsorption kinetics of vesicles onto silicon and titanium oxides as a function of pH. On each substrate, a planar bilayer and a layer of intact vesicles could be self-assembled in a pH-dependent manner, demonstrating the role of surface charge density in the self-assembly process. Under acidic pH conditions where both zwitterionic lipid vesicles and the oxide films possess near-neutral electric surface charges, vesicle rupture could occur, demonstrating that the process is driven by nonelectrostatic interactions. However, we observed that the initial rupturing process is insufficient for propagating bilayer formation. The role of electrostatic interactions for propagating bilayer formation differs for the two substrates; electrostatic attraction between vesicles and the substrate is necessary for complete bilayer formation on titanium oxide but is not necessary on silicon oxide. Conversely, in the high pH regime, repulsive electrostatic interactions can result in the irreversible adsorption of intact vesicles on silicon oxide and even a reversibly adsorbed vesicle layer on titanium oxide. Together, the results show that pH is an effective tool to modulate vesicle-substrate interactions in order to create various self-assembled lipid platforms on hydrophilic substrates.
Subclinical Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Infertility (2012)

Subclinical PID decreases subsequent fertility despite provision of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. These findings suggest that a proportion of female infertility is attributable to subclinical PID and indicate that current therapies for sexually transmitted diseases are inadequate for prevention of infertility.
Serum Amyloid A Proteins and Their Impact on Metastasis and Immune Biology in Cancer (2021)

Cancer triggers the systemic release of inflammatory molecules that support cancer cell metastasis and immune evasion. Notably, this biology shows striking similarity to an acute phase response that is coordinated by the liver. Consistent with this, a role for the liver in defining cancer biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Understanding the mechanisms that link acute phase biology to metastasis and immune evasion in cancer may reveal vulnerable pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss a link between acute phase biology and cancer with a focus on serum amyloid A proteins and their involvement in regulating the metastatic cascade and cancer immunobiology.
Pt and Sn Doped Sputtered CeO<sub>2</sub> Electrodes for Fuel Cell Applications (2010)

Abstract The interaction of Pt with CeO 2 layers was investigated by using photoelectron spectroscopy. Thirty‐nanometre‐thick Pt and Sn doped CeO 2 layers were deposited simultaneously by rf‐magnetron sputtering on a Si(001) substrate and a carbon diffusion layer of a polymer membrane fuel cell by using a composite CeO 2 –Pt–Sn target. The laboratory XPS and synchrotron radiation soft X‐ray and hard X‐ray photoemission spectra showed the formation of cerium oxide with completely ionised Pt 2+,4+ species, and with Pt 4+ embedded in the film bulk. Hydrogen/air fuel cell activity measurements normalised to the amount of Pt used revealed high specific power of up to 5.4 × 10 4 mW mg –1 (Pt). The activity of these materials is explained by the strong activity of embedded Pt n + cations.
Effect of Food Emulsifiers on Aroma Release (2016)

This study aimed to determine the influence of different emulsifiers or xanthan-emulsifier systems on the release of aroma compounds. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS were used to study the effects of varying concentrations of xanthan gum, sucrose fatty acid ester, Tween 80 and soybean lecithin on the release of seven aroma compounds. The effects of the emulsifier systems supplemented with xanthan gum on aroma release were also studied in the same way. The results showed varying degrees of influence of sucrose fatty acid ester, soybean lecithin, Tween 80 and xanthan gum on the release of aroma compounds. Compared with other aroma compounds, ethyl acetate was more likely to be conserved in the solution system, while the amount of limonene released was the highest among these seven aroma compounds. In conclusion, different emulsifiers and complexes showed different surface properties that tend to interact with different aroma molecules. The present studies showed that the composition and structure of emulsifiers and specific interactions between emulsifiers and aroma molecules have significant effects on aroma release.
Evaluating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α as a Cancer Therapeutic Target via Inducible RNA Interference <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

Validating potential targets is an important step in the drug discovery process. In this study, we tested the feasibility of using inducible RNA interference (RNAi) in vivo to obtain an unbiased evaluation on the efficacy of inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in established tumors. We showed that HIF-1alpha inhibition resulted in transient tumor stasis or tumor regression, and inhibiting HIF-1alpha in early-stage tumors was found to be more efficacious than inhibiting HIF-1alpha in more established tumors. A differential requirement of HIF-1alpha for tumor growth was also observed among different tumor types. Examination of tumors resistant to HIF-1alpha inhibition suggested that the resistance might result from a less hypoxic tumor environment and the level of HIF-1alpha expression in tumors may be a useful marker for predicting tumor response to HIF-1 inhibition. This study shows that inducible RNAi is a versatile tool for evaluating cancer targets in vivo. In addition to broad implications on in vivo validation of cancer targets, results from this study will also be instructive for practical applications of HIF-1-based cancer therapeutics.
Giant strain in lead-free piezoceramics Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 system (2007)

Piezoelectric actuators convert electrical into mechanical energy and are implemented for many large-scale applications such as piezoinjectors and ink jet printers. The performance of these devices is governed by the electric-field-induced strain. Here, the authors describe the development of a class of lead-free (0.94−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics. These can deliver a giant strain (0.45%) under both unipolar and bipolar field loadings, which is even higher than the strain obtained with established ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics and is comparable to strains obtained in Pb-based antiferroelectrics.
Focus in Multiscale Imaging Systems (2012)

We consider first order lens design for microcamera-based focus in multiscale cameras, we compare focal and spectral tomography and we compare dynamic focal scanning with alternative EDoF and focal stacking strategies.
Techniques for minimizing the input current distortion of current-controlled single-phase boost rectifiers (1993)

Techniques for minimizing the input current distortion of current-controlled single-phase boost rectifiers are described. The switching patterns of several boost rectifiers are examined to identify the nature of their input current waveforms. This analysis is used to examine the low-frequency current distortion levels, and hence the power quality, associated with the rectifiers. A PWM (pulse width modulation) strategy that selectively switches between positive unipolar PWM and negative unipolar PWM, called phase-adjusted unipolar PWM, is shown to produce the lowest current distortion levels. A novel two-switch asymmetrical half-bridge rectifier is presented that draws an input current at a unity fundamental power factor and with the same low distortion as obtained with the four-switch H-bridge rectifier. The operation of the various rectifiers is examined with reference to theoretical predictions, circuit simulations, and experimental results. This analysis is used to compare the performances of the various rectifier switching patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel authentication biometric for pacemakers (2018)

Pacemakers are devices used to regulate heart rate in individuals with abnormal heart rhythms. They are often paired with a programmer, which can receive data from and send commands to them. The goal of this work is to explore a new biometric-based authentication layer to pacemaker-programmer communication. In this paper we present our work on exploring the fusion of pacemaker electrogram and externally-measured cardiac rhythm (electrocardiogram, plethysmogram) as biometrics for authenticating a programmer to a pacemaker. In this preliminary work we use Right Ventricular Electrogram (RV EGM) signal from the pacemaker and Atrial Electrogram (Atrial EGM) as a proxy for the externally measured cardiac rhythm (particularly ECG) to show the feasibility of our approach, achieving an accuracy rate of ~92%.
Review Article: FePt heat assisted magnetic recording media (2016)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media status, requirements, and challenges to extend the areal density (AD) of magnetic hard disk drives beyond current records of around 1.4 Tb/in.2 are updated. The structural properties of granular high anisotropy chemically ordered L10 FePtX-Y HAMR media by now are similar to perpendicular CoCrPt-based magnetic recording media. Reasonable average grain diameter ⟨D⟩ = 8–10 nm and distributions σD/D ∼ 18% are possible despite elevated growth temperatures TG = 650–670 °C. A 2× reduction of ⟨D⟩ down to 4–5 nm and lowering σD/D &lt; 10%–15% are ongoing efforts to increase AD to ∼4 Tb/in.2. X = Cu ∼ 10 at. % reduces the Curie temperature TC by ∼100 K below TC,bulk = 750 K, thereby lowering the write head heat energy requirement. Multiple FePtX-Y granular layers with Y = 30–35 vol. % grain-to-grain segregants like carbides, oxides, and/or nitrides are used to fully exchange decouple the grains and achieve cylindrical shape. FePt is typically grown on fcc MgO (100) seedlayers to form well oriented FePt (002). A FePt lattice parameter ratio c/a ∼0.96 and high chemical order S &gt; 0.90 result in magnetic anisotropy KU ∼ 4.5 × 107 erg/cm3, and only 25% below the FePt single crystal value KU = 6.6 × 107 erg/cm3 has been achieved in 7–8 nm diameter grains. Switching field distributions depend on anisotropy field (HK) distributions, which are currently of the order of ΔHK/HK ∼ 10% (ΔHK ∼ 10–12 kOe, HK ∼ 10–11 T) at room temperature. High thermal conductivity heat sink layers, including Ag, Au, Cu, and Cr, are used to optimize the cooling rate and maximize the down- and cross-track thermal gradient, which determines the achievable track density.
Size control and compartmentalization in self-assembled nano-structures of a multisegment amphiphile (2010)

A "multisegment amphiphile" has been synthesized by covalently connecting two well known building blocks, a gelator and a micelle forming surfactant. Self-assembly results in the formation of compartmentalized nano-object displaying properties inherited from both parents.
Curbing Inflammation through Endogenous Pathways: Focus on Melanocortin Peptides (2013)

The resolution of inflammation is now known to be an active process, armed with a multitude of mediators both lipid and protein in nature. Melanocortins are peptides endowed with considerable promise with their proresolution and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models of inflammatory disease, with tissue protective effects. These peptides and their targets are appealing because they can be seen as a natural way of inducing these effects as they harness endogenous pathways of control. Whereas most of the information generated about these mediators derives from several acute models of inflammation (such as zymosan induced peritonitis), there is some indication that these mediators may inhibit chronic inflammation by modulating cytokines, chemokines, and leukocyte apoptosis. In addition, proresolving mediators and their mimics have often been tested alongside therapeutic protocols, hence have been tested in settings more relevant to real life clinical scenarios. We provide here an overview on some of these mediators with a focus on melanocortin peptides and receptors, proposing that they may unveil new opportunities for innovative treatments of inflammatory arthritis.
Colony formation by primitive hemopoietic progenitor cells in serum-free medium. (1985)

A serum-free medium has been developed for clonal growth of murine hemopoietic progenitor cells. In this medium, the number of nonerythroid colonies induced by factors produced by cloned T lymphocytes was 90 +/- 10% of the number generated in serum-containing medium. Erythroid colony number in serum-free cultures containing the T-cell factors but no exogenous erythropoietin was significantly higher than that in cultures with serum, and the cloning efficiency was independent of cell concentration. Further addition of erythropoietin increased erythroid colony number approximately equal to 4-fold. Pure erythropoietin alone stimulated erythroid colony formation, but the cloning efficiency was highly dependent on cell concentration. Analysis of individual colonies generated in serum-free cultures containing the T-cell factors indicated that some contained cells of several hemopoietic lineages, demonstrating that multipotential progenitors can give rise to colonies in this system.
A Percutaneous Catheter‐Based System for the Measurement of Potential Gradients Applicable to the Study of Transthoracic Defibrillation (2007)

The measured intracardiac E field variability within animals and at a specific site was small, exhibiting a median value of 5.1%, contrasted to median variabilities across animals of 5-11% suggesting the capacity of this measurement system to provide subject specific information on the distribution of E fields. The measured E field magnitudes across animals in the coronary sinus were linearly correlated with applied shock current with a very strong linear relation to effective shock voltage observed in vitro in a saline tank. When evaluated as a predictor of shock success, the observed values were consistent with previously reported critical fields. This technique may be of value in evaluating waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation as well as electrode size, placement, and composition.
Intracellular oligonucleotide delivery using the cell penetrating peptide Xentry (2018)

The current study investigated the use of two cationic peptides, Xentry-KALA (XK) and Xentry-Protamine (XP), for intracellular delivery of Connexin43 antisense oligonucleotides (Cx43AsODN). The charge and size of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP complexes was determined by Zetasizer analysis. The earliest positive zeta potential reading was obtained at a 1:2 and 1:1.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP respectively, with Cx43AsODN:XK resulting in overall larger complexes than Cx43AsODN:XP. Gel shift mobility assays revealed complete complex formation at a 1:2.5 and 1:2.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP, respectively. Cellular uptake studies were carried out in ARPE-19 cells. While both complexes were able to enter the cells, Cx43AsODN:XK uptake appeared punctate and circular indicative of endosomal containment. Cx43AsODN:XP uptake, in contrast, resulted in diffuse appearance inside the cell suggesting endosomal escape of the cargo. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that Cx43AsODN:XP was able to knockdown Cx43 expression in these cells under normal and hypoxic conditions.
Development of Thin Film Electrolytes Co-Fired With NIO-YSZ Substrates. (1997)

With a water based standard tape casting method, films of 0.7–10 μm YSZ were co-cast with 200–250 mm NiO/YSZ anode substrates and co­sintered at 1350 °C.
A simple plug-in bagging ensemble based on threshold-moving for classifying binary and multiclass imbalanced data (2017)

Class imbalance presents a major hurdle in the application of classification methods. A commonly taken approach is to learn ensembles of classifiers using rebalanced data. Examples include bootstrap averaging (bagging) combined with either undersampling or oversampling of the minority class examples. However, rebalancing methods entail asymmetric changes to the examples of different classes, which in turn can introduce their own biases. Furthermore, these methods often require specifying the performance measure of interest <i>a priori,</i> i.e., before learning. An alternative is to employ the threshold moving technique, which applies a threshold to the continuous output of a model, offering the possibility to adapt to a performance measure <i>a posteriori</i>, i.e., a <i>plug-in</i> method. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to this combination of a bagging ensemble and threshold-moving. In this paper, we study this combination and demonstrate its competitiveness. Contrary to the other resampling methods, we preserve the <i>natural</i> class distribution of the data resulting in well-calibrated posterior probabilities. Additionally, we extend the proposed method to handle multiclass data. We validated our method on binary and multiclass benchmark data sets by using both, decision trees and neural networks as base classifiers. We perform analyses that provide insights into the proposed method.
Study of control of beamwidth of radiation pattern of a waveguide using inclined slotted flanges (1978)

The effect of slotted flanges on the radiation pattern of a waveguide is investigated experimentally. The slotted flanges are mounted at the aperture of the waveguide. Both straight and inclined slotted flanges are used. It is seen that considerable changes can be effected in the beamwidth of the pattern by changing the flange inclination. Such a simple control on beamwidth thus makes it possible to use the slotted flange device as a feed to meet a variety of applications.