gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies against<i>Candida albicans</i>antigens: Development and comparison with other methods (1981)

An extract of Candida albicans was used as an antigen on microtitre plates in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in the sera of hospitalized patients. It was found that of these patient sera that reacted positively in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion (ID) when undiluted, 58% were also positive in the ELISA against the same antigen preparation. However, all the sera with an ID titre of 1:2 or higher were ELISA-positive, demonstrating especially IgG and IgA. Of the sera positive by counterimmunoelectrophoresis against somatic and metabolic antigens of C. albicans, 86% were positive by ELISA. Reactions in precipitin-negative sera, if they occurred, usually demonstrated IgM or IgA. The sera with high passive haemagglutination or indirect immunofluorescence titres against surface antigens of C. albicans were positive in the IgG and IgA assays, while approximately one third were positive in the IgM assay.
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction (2009)

Hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA infarction is a life saving procedure. Further data on quality of life outcomes and patient and caregiver burden are required. Until that time, selection of patients for hemicraniectomy still requires an individual approach.
Effective memory protection using dynamic tainting (2007)

Programs written in languages that provide direct access tomemory through pointers often contain memory-related faults, which may cause non-deterministic failures and even security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we present a new technique based on dynamic tainting for protecting programs from illegal memory accesses. When memory is allocated, at runtime, our technique taints both the memory and the corresponding pointer using the same taint mark. Taint marks are then suitably propagated while the program executes and are checked every time a memory address m is accessed through a pointer p; if the taint marks associated with mand p differ, the execution is stopped and the illegalaccess is reported. To allow for a low-overhead, hardware-assisted implementation of the approach, we make several key technical and engineering decisions in the definition of our technique. In particular, we use a configurable, low number of reusable taint marks instead of a unique mark for each area of memory allocated, which reduces the overhead of the approach without limiting its flexibility and ability to target most memory-related faults and attacks known to date. We also define the technique at the binary level, which lets us handle the (very) common case of applications that use third-party libraries whose source code is unavailable. To investigate the effectiveness and practicality of our approach, we implemented it for heap-allocated memory and performed a preliminary empirical study on a set of programs. Our results show that (1) our technique can identify a large class of memory-related faults, even when using only two unique taint marks, and (2)a hardware-assisted implementation of the technique could achieve overhead in the single digits
Effect of tacrolimus and splenectomy on engraftment and GVHD after bone marrow xenotransplantation in the reciprocal hamster to rat animal models. (1996)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) following lethal irradiation is an established modality to induce donor-specific tolerance in the rat to mouse xenogeneic combination.1 The induction of donor-specific tolerance in this model is accompanied by a distinct absence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The latter outcome, however, is not witnessed when BMTx is performed in hamster to rat strain combinations in which, despite splenectomy (Spx), the recipients invariably succumb to lethal GVHD.2 The advent of tacrolimus (TCL, FK 506) as a potent immunosuppressive agent for the prevention and treatment of GVHD in allogeneic BMTx.3,4 prompted us to assess its efficacy on engraftment and GVHD after BMTx in the reciprocal hamster to rat xenograft combination.
Clinical perspective on the treatment of gallstones with ursodeoxycholic acid. (1988)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a naturally occurring bile acid that constitutes about 1-2% of the bile acids in human bile. Although well known for more than 20 years in Japan as a treatment for biliary distress and dyspepsia, ursodiol has been tested as a gallstone-dissolving agent only since 1976. Successful dissolution occurs in 30-80% of subjects with radiolucent gallstones, depending on the size and number of the stones. Calcified or pigment stones do not respond to this treatment. The current theory of the pathogenesis of gallstones is that lithogenic bile, which is supersaturated with cholesterol, is secreted by the liver and is not produced in the gallbladder. Thus, although stones form in the gallbladder, defective hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism are responsible for the abnormal bile. Gallstone-prone individuals show increased hepatocholesterol formation and reduced bile acid synthesis. As the micellar solubility limit in bile is exceeded, cholesterol microcrystals precipitate. Four factors account for ursodiol's effectiveness in gallstone dissolution: (a) biliary cholesterol secretion is diminished markedly during therapy; (b) hepatic bile acid synthesis is not inhibited by ursodiol; (c) the 7 beta-hydroxy group of ursodiol resists bacterial dehydroxylation, which lowers the amount of lithocholic acid formed and the cholestasis and liver damage it can cause; and (d) ursodiol is virtually free of side effects and toxicity; less than 1% of subjects experience transient diarrhea, which does not require discontinuation of treatment, and liver function tests remain normal. In about 50% of subjects, stones may recur within 84 months, and can be retreated with ursodiol.
Plasma annealing of ion implanted semiconductors (1981)

An electron beam generated by a gas discharge is used to anneal ion implanted silicon. The discharge operating parameters as well as the electron beam energy are measured. Finally, plasma annealing of BF+2 implanted n-type silicon is examined by observing the sheet resistivity of the implanted layers and the resulting diode characteristics.
Conformational dynamics of a membrane protein chaperone enables spatially regulated substrate capture and release (2016)

Membrane protein biogenesis poses enormous challenges to cellular protein homeostasis and requires effective molecular chaperones. Compared with chaperones that promote soluble protein folding, membrane protein chaperones require tight spatiotemporal coordination of their substrate binding and release cycles. Here we define the chaperone cycle for cpSRP43, which protects the largest family of membrane proteins, the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs), during their delivery. Biochemical and NMR analyses demonstrate that cpSRP43 samples three distinct conformations. The stromal factor cpSRP54 drives cpSRP43 to the active state, allowing it to tightly bind substrate in the aqueous compartment. Bidentate interactions with the Alb3 translocase drive cpSRP43 to a partially inactive state, triggering selective release of LHCP's transmembrane domains in a productive unloading complex at the membrane. Our work demonstrates how the intrinsic conformational dynamics of a chaperone enables spatially coordinated substrate capture and release, which may be general to other ATP-independent chaperone systems.
Comparison of N x 40 Gb/s and 4N x 10 Gb/s WDM transmission over standard single-mode fiber at 1.55 μm (1998)

We compare the performance of dispersion-managed 4×40, 16×10, and 16×40 Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission over 1000-km standard single-mode fiber operating at 1.55 μm. It is shown, that for N×40 Gb/s, the system performance is mainly limited by the degradations of each single channel. No significant additional degradation due to cross-phase modulation or four-wave mixing could be observed. Moreover, it is shown that focusing on the total fiber-input power, both transmission schemes, 4×40 Gb/s at 100-GHz channel spacing and 16×10 Gb/s at 25-GHz channel spacing, yielding the same total bandwidth show almost identical performance.
Annonacine und Annonastatin aus<i>Annona squamosa</i> (1990)

Annonacin ( 1), annonacin A ( 6), and annonastatin ( 7) were isolated from the seeds of ANNONA SQUAMOSA L. (Annonaceae). Compounds 6 and 7 are described for the first time. The relative configuration of the tetrahydrofuran core of 1 (with hitherto unknown configuration), as well as those of compounds 6, and 7 were established by (13)C- and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy using data of the derivatives 8- 11.
New mechanisms of skin innate immunity: ASK1-mediated keratinocyte differentiation regulates the expression of β-defensins, LL37, and TLR2 (2005)

Epidermal keratinocytes differentiate and form a multilayered epidermis, which is the primary barrier between the body and the outer environment. As the epidermis is constantly exposed to a variety of microbial pathogens, its function of resisting microbial pathogens is vital. This characteristic feature is formed during differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the upper epidermis of normal human skin expresses beta-defensins 1-3 and LL37. We hypothesized that epidermal keratinocytes develop an innate immune barrier based on human beta-defensins (hBD) and LL37 during differentiation. To prove this, we introduced an active form of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), an intracellular regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, into cultured normal human keratinocytes. Transfection of this active form, ASK1-DeltaN, significantly enhanced the expression of hBD1-3 and LL37. In addition, a p38 inhibitor abolished this induction, indicating that the ASK1-p38 cascade regulates the expression of hBD1-3 and LL37. Furthermore, the ASK1-p38 pathway also regulated the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in keratinocytes. Contact between S. aureus and keratinocytes resulted in the phosphorylation of p38 and induced the expression of hBD2 and hBD3. Moreover, the p38 inhibitor reduced this induction. In conclusion, the ASK1-p38 cascade regulates the innate immunity of the skin by forming an immune barrier consisting of hBD, LL37, and TLR2 during epidermal differentiation.
Allergen specific responses in cord and adult blood are differentially modulated in the presence of endotoxins (2008)

Endotoxins in allergen preparations confound allergen-specific cellular responses. The impact of these contaminations varies with the blood source (CB vs. PB), the type of allergen and is time- and dose-dependent.
Piezoelectric component fabrication using projection-based stereolithography of barium titanate ceramic suspensions (2017)

Purpose Conventional machining methods for fabricating piezoelectric components such as ultrasound transducer arrays are time-consuming and limited to relatively simple geometries. The purpose of this paper is to develop an additive manufacturing process based on the projection-based stereolithography process for the fabrication of functional piezoelectric devices including ultrasound transducers. Design/methodology/approach To overcome the challenges in fabricating viscous and low-photosensitive piezocomposite slurry, the authors developed a projection-based stereolithography process by integrating slurry tape-casting and a sliding motion design. Both green-part fabrication and post-processing processes were studied. A prototype system based on the new manufacturing process was developed for the fabrication of green-parts with complex shapes and small features. The challenges in the sintering process to achieve desired functionality were also discussed. Findings The presented additive manufacturing process can achieve relatively dense piezoelectric components (approximately 95 per cent). The related property testing results, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, dielectric and ferroelectric properties as well as pulse-echo testing, show that the fabricated piezo-components have good potentials to be used in ultrasound transducers and other sensors/actuators. Originality/value A novel bottom-up projection system integrated with tape casting is presented to address the challenges in the piezo-composite fabrication, including small curing depth and viscous ceramic slurry recoating. Compared with other additive manufacturing processes, this method can achieve a thin recoating layer (as small as 10 μm) of piezo-composite slurry and can fabricate green parts using slurries with significantly higher solid loadings. After post processing, the fabricated piezoelectric components become dense and functional.
Hyperbranched Glyco‐Conjugated Polymers (2011)

The synthesis of novel hyperbranched glyco-conjugated polymers, prepared by the ring-opening multibranching polymerizations of anhydro and dianhydro sugars, is described. The hyperbranched glyco-conjugated polymers were formed by the cationic polymerization of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-hexopyranose, 1,4-anhydrotetritol, 2,3-anhydrotetritol, and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol. These polymerizations proceeded without gelation to produce water-soluble hyperbranched glyco-conjugated polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. This chapter also details the preparation and encapsulation-release property of novel amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers with a micellar characteristic as a single molecule, which are referred to as a ‘unimolecular micelle’ or ‘unimolecular nanocapsule’. The amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers consisting of a hydrophilic hyperbranched glyco-conjugated polymer core and hydrophobic shell possessed an encapsulation ability for hydrophilic guest molecules and the controlled release property of the encapsulated guest molecules, e.g. the biodegradable unimolecular reversed micelle consisting of a hyperbranched D-mannan core and a poly(L-lactide) shell, and the pH-sensitive unimolecular reversed micelle consisting of a hyperbranched D-glucan core and L-leucine ethyl ether shell.
Expression of ε germ‐line gene transcripts and mRNA for the ε heavy chain of IgE in nasal B cells and the effects of topical corticosteroid (1997)

We have studied the expression of the gene encoding the epsilon heavy chain of IgE in nasal B cells of hayfever patients. We developed probes to detect transcripts of the epsilon germ-line gene and the rearranged gene by in situ hybridization of biopsy sections from the nasal mucosa. We compared tissue from hayfever patients out of season with that of normal controls, and also of hayfever patients treated with topical corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate) or placebo for 6 weeks and then challenged with antigen. epsilon chain mRNA was expressed in an unexpectedly high proportion of nasal B cells of both hayfever patients and normal subjects. However, although similar numbers of B cells were found in both groups, the proportion of cells that express epsilon chain mRNA was several times higher in the hayfever patients. No transcripts of the epsilon germ-line gene were detected in either group before allergen challenge. When hayfever patients were administered antigen locally, early (10-30 min) and late (1-24 h) symptoms ensued. After 24 h, coincident with an increase in the number of cells expressing mRNA for IL-4 in the tissue, epsilon germ-line gene transcripts appeared in the nasal B cells. The induction by allergen of IL-4 mRNA and epsilon germ-line gene transcripts was suppressed by fluticasone propionate treatment. Our results suggest that local IgE synthesis and cytokine regulation of heavy chain switching to IgE occur in the nasal mucosa.
Selection of T-DNA-Tagged Male and Female Gametophytic Mutants by Segregation Distortion in Arabidopsis (1998)

As a strategy for the identification of T-DNA-tagged gametophytic mutants, we have used T-DNA insertional mutagenesis based on screening for distorted segregation ratios by antibiotic selection. Screening of approximately 1000 transgenic Arabidopsis families led to the isolation of eight lines showing reproducible segregation ratios of approximately 1:1, suggesting that these lines are putative gametophytic mutants caused by T-DNA insertion at a single locus. Genetic analysis of T-DNA transmission through reciprocal backcrosses with wild type showed severe reductions in genetic transmission of the T-DNA through the male and/or female gametes. Direct evidence for mutant phenotypes in these lines was investigated by DAPI staining of mature pollen grains and by the analysis of seed set and embryo sac morphology in cleared ovules. One line, termed limpet pollen, showed a novel pollen phenotype in that the generative cell failed to migrate inward after pollen mitosis I, such that the generative or sperm cells remained against the pollen wall. Two other lines, andarta and tistrya, were defective in female transmission and showed an early arrest of embryo sac development with the viable megaspore not initiating the nuclear division cycles. These data demonstrate the efficacy of a segregation ratio distortion strategy for the identification of T-DNA-tagged gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis.
Progressive atrioventricular conduction defects and heart failure in mice expressing a mutant Csx/Nkx2.5 homeoprotein (2001)

A DNA nonbinding mutant of the NK2 class homeoprotein Nkx2.5 dominantly inhibits cardiogenesis in Xenopus embryos, causing a small heart to develop or blocking heart formation entirely. Recently, ten heterozygous CSX/NKX2.5 homeoprotein mutations were identified in patients with congenital atrioventricular (AV) conduction defects. All four missense mutations identified in the human homeodomain led to markedly reduced DNA binding. To examine the effect of a DNA binding-impaired mutant of mouse Csx/Nkx2.5 in the embryonic heart, we generated transgenic mice expressing one such allele, I183P, under the beta-myosin heavy chain promoter. Unexpectedly, transgenic mice were born apparently normal, but the accumulation of Csx/Nkx2.5(I183P) mutant protein in the embryo, neonate, and adult myocardium resulted in progressive and profound cardiac conduction defects and heart failure. P-R prolongation observed at 2 weeks of age rapidly progressed into complete AV block as early as 4 weeks of age. Expression of connexins 40 and 43 was dramatically decreased in the transgenic heart, which may contribute to the conduction defects in the transgenic mice. This transgenic mouse model may be useful in the study of the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction associated with CSX/NKX2.5 mutations in humans.
<p>Role of Janus kinase 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in vitiligo</p> (2019)

In conjunction, JAK1 and STAT3 might be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. This could open the gate for the use of JAK1 and STAT3 inhibitors as new targeted therapy for vitiligo.
Study of Effect of Coating of Piston on the Performance of a Diesel Engine (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Insulation of pistons in engines is aimed at reducing the heat losses and thus increasing the indicated efficiency. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were used to simulate adiabatic engines with the intention not only for reduced in-cylinder heat rejection and thermal fatigue protection of underlying metallic surfaces, but also for possible reduction of engine emissions. The application of TBCs reduces the heat transfer to the engine cooling jacket through the combustion chamber surfaces (which include the cylinder head, liner, and piston crown) and piston rings. The insulation of the combustion chamber with this coating, which is ceramic based, influences the combustion process and hence the performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of the engines. In the scenario of fast rising oil prices, insulation technologies are gaining importance as they help in saving fuel. A plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating was deposited on top of a piston for a Diesel engine and its effect on the engine performance is studied. It is found to increase thermal and mechanical efficiency.</div></div>
Binding of C-reactive protein to nucleated cells leads to complement activation without cytolysis. (1986)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant that is found bound to cells at sites of inflammation. We have passively sensitized HEp-2 cells for CRP binding and examined the effect of this treatment on complement activation and cell lysis. When cells were treated with protamine sulfate and CRP and were incubated with normal human serum in a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay, no significant lysis was noted. In contrast, HEp-2 cells treated with antibody and normal human serum were lysed. The consumption of complement components in normal human serum after incubation with cells treated with protamine and CRP was measured by hemolytic assays. CRP-treated cells consumed over 80% of C1, C4, and C2 and about 40% of C3 present. No significant consumption of C5 through C9 components was observed. Cells treated with antibody and complement showed consumption of C1 through C9. Cells were also sensitized for CRP binding by using diazophenylphosphocholine. This treatment also led to CRP binding and activation of the early classical pathway (C1, C4, C2, and to a lesser extent C3). The components of the membrane attack complex (C5 through C9) were not activated. Both a mouse monoclonal IgM and a human IgG antibody to phosphocholine activated the entire classical pathway. These results indicate that CRP activation of the classical complement pathway is restricted to the early part of the pathway. In the absence of activation of the membrane attack complex, complement-mediated cell lysis cannot occur.
Exploiting Personal Search History to Improve Search Accuracy (2006)

Personal search history is an important type of personal information, from which we can learn a user’s interests and information needs, thus improve the search service for the user. In this paper, we describe our recent work on User-Centered Adaptive Information Retrieval (UCAIR), which aims at capturing personal search history with a client-side search agent and exploiting the history information to help a user optimize search results. We propose a decision theoretic framework and develop techniques for implicit user modeling based on a user’s personal search history. We propose several context-sensitive retrieval algorithms based on statistical language models to combine the personal search history with the current query for better ranking of documents. Using these techniques, we have developed an intelligent client-side web search agent, i.e., the UCAIR search agent, which can automatically capture a user’s personal search history, store it on the local disk, and exploit it to provide personalized search.