gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interband cascade lasers with longer wavelengths (2017)

While much of the previous work on interband cascade lasers (ICLs) has been limited to the 3-4 μm spectral range, it was recently demonstrated at NRL and elsewhere that the low threshold current and power densities characteristic of ICLs can be extended to longer wavelengths. Here we report on the performance of ICLs operating in the 4.6-6.1 μm spectral range. The pulsed threshold current density at room temperature for an ICL emitting at λ = 4.8 μm is 220 A/cm<sup>2</sup>, the lowest ever reported for a semiconductor laser at such a long emission wavelength. Broad-area devices emitting in the 4.6-4.9 μm range are observed to maintain pulsed external differential quantum efficiencies (EDQEs) of 11-17% when operating at 375 K. An ICL emitting at λ = 5.7 μm exhibits a threshold current density of 450 A/cm<sup>2</sup> and EDQE of 27% at room temperature. The Auger coefficients extracted from these thresholds indicate a systematic increase with wavelength, with the value at 6 μm being 3-4 times higher than that at λ = 3.5 μm.
Electrooptic Characteristics of the Fringe-Field Switching Device with Electrode on Top Substrate (2002)

The homogeneously aligned nematic liquid-crystal (LC) display driven by the fringe-field is known to exhibit high light efficiency as well as a wide viewing angle unlike the conventional in-plane switching (IPS) mode, with pixel and common electrodes existing only on the bottom substrate. We found that when a common electrode exists on the top and bottom substrates, the device with some advantages in fabrication and quality still reveals high transmission and a wide viewing angle with LC having a negative dielectric anisotropy. In this paper, the switching mechanism and electro-optic characteristics of the device with the electrode on the top substrate are investigated.
Minimum word error training of long short-term memory recurrent neural network language models for speech recognition (2016)

This paper describes minimum word error (MWE) training of recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) for speech recognition. RNNLMs are usually trained to minimize a cross entropy of estimated word probabilities against the correct word sequence, which corresponds to maximum likelihood criterion. However, this training does not necessarily maximize a performance measure in a target task, i.e. it does not minimize word error rate (WER) explicitly in speech recognition. To solve such a problem, several discriminative training methods have already been proposed for n-gram language models, but those for RNNLMs have not sufficiently investigated. In this paper, we propose a MWE training method for RNNLMs, and report significant WER reductions when we applied the MWE method to a standard Elman-type RNNLM and a more advanced model, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNNLM. We also present efficient MWE training with N-best lists on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).
Characterization of Crosstalk in Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber (2011)

We describe a newly-developed method to measure inter-core crosstalk of single-mode multi-core fiber (MCF) statistically, and characteristics of the crosstalk of a previously fabricated MCF. To measure the crosstalk lower than -60 dB, we suppressed power floor of the measurement system by employing trench-assisted fiber as launching and receiving fibers. We measured statistical crosstalk distributions by utilizing wavelength dependence of the crosstalk, and the mean crosstalk between the neighboring cores was observed to be about -70 dB after 17.4-km propagation at 1625 nm. The measurement results were in good agreement with the previously proposed model. Based on the measurement results and the model, the crosstalk after 10000-km propagation was estimated to be less than -30 dB. We also confirmed that the crosstalk was varied stochastically depending on polarization state, and on mechanical shock and stress on the MCF.
A method to measure and estimate normalized contrast in infrared flash thermography (2016)

The paper presents further development in normalized contrast processing used in flash infrared thermography method. Method of computing normalized image or pixel intensity contrast, and normalized temperature contrast are provided. Methods of converting image contrast to temperature contrast and vice versa are provided. Normalized contrast processing in flash thermography is useful in quantitative analysis of flash thermography data including flaw characterization and comparison of experimental results with simulation. Computation of normalized temperature contrast involves use of flash thermography data acquisition set-up with high reflectivity foil and high emissivity tape such that the foil, tape and test object are imaged simultaneously. Methods of assessing other quantitative parameters such as emissivity of object, afterglow heat flux, reflection temperature change and surface temperature during flash thermography are also provided. Temperature imaging and normalized temperature contrast processing provide certain advantages over normalized image contrast processing by reducing effect of reflected energy in images and measurements, therefore providing better quantitative data. Examples of incorporating afterglow heat-flux and reflection temperature evolution in flash thermography simulation are also discussed.
A Gaussian mixture model based statistical classification system for neonatal seizure detection (2009)

A neonatal seizure detection system is proposed based on a Gaussian mixture model classifier. Linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis are compared for the task of feature vector preprocessing. A postprocessing scheme is developed from the probability of seizure estimate in order to improve the performance of the system. Results are reported on a dataset of 17 patients with a total duration of 267.9 hours, the average ROC area of the system is 95.6%.
Secretome-Based Identification of TFPI2, A Novel Serum Biomarker for Detection of Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma (2013)

Of all of the epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) has the worst clinical prognosis. Furthermore, the conventional EOC biomarker CA125 is more often negative in CCA than in other subtypes of EOC. This study sought to discover a new diagnostic biomarker that would allow more reliable detection of CCA. Using mass spectrometry, we compared proteins in conditioned media from cell lines derived from CCA and other types of EOC. We identified 30 extracellular or released proteins specifically present in CCA-derived cell lines. Bioinformatics analyses identified a serine protease inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), as a potential biomarker for CCA. Real time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that TFPI2 was exclusively expressed in CCA-derived cell lines and tissues. For clinical validation, we measured levels of TFPI2 and CA125 in a set of sera from 30 healthy women, 30 patients with endometriosis, and 50 patients with CCA, using an automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems. Serum levels of TFPI2 were significantly elevated in CCA patients, even those with normal CA125 levels. In terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), TFPI2 was superior to CA125 in discriminating CCA patients from healthy women (AUC 0.97 for TFPI2 versus AUC 0.80 for CA125), or from patients with endometriosis (AUC 0.93 for TFPI2 versus 0.80 for CA125). This is the first evidence for TFPI2 as a serum biomarker of CCA. We propose that this biomarker may be useful for detection of CCA and for monitoring the transformation from endometriosis into CCA.
<title>Improved compression technique for multipass color printers</title> (1998)

A multipass color printer prints a color image by printing one color place at a time in a prescribed order, e.g., in a four-color systems, the cyan plane may be printed first, the magenta next, and so on. It is desirable to discard the data related to each color plane once it has been printed, so that data from the next print may be downloaded. In this paper, we present a compression scheme that allows the release of a color plane memory, but still takes advantage of the correlation between the color planes. The compression scheme is based on a block adaptive technique for decorrelating the color planes followed by a spatial lossy compression of the decorrelated data. A preferred method of lossy compression is the DCT-based JPEG compression standard, as it is shown that the block adaptive decorrelation operations can be efficiently performed in the DCT domain. The result of the compression technique are compared to that of using JPEG on RGB data without any decorrelating transform. In general, the technique is shown to improve the compression performance over a practical range of compression ratios by at least 30 percent in all images, and up to 45 percent in some images.
A branch-line coupler with two arbitrary operating frequencies using left-handed transmission lines (2003)

A branch-line coupler (BLC) working at two arbitrary frequencies using left-handed (LH) transmission lines (TLs) is presented. The analysis of the structure is based on the even-odd mode analysis of the conventional BLC as well as a recently developed model for the LH-TL. We demonstrate that the two operating frequencies can be obtained by tuning the phase slope of the different line sections. A prototype is demonstrated by both simulation and measurement results. The operating frequencies of the two pass-bands are 920 MHz and 1740 MHz, respectively.
Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis for Surgical Planning of Sequential Grafts in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2018)

Coronary bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure for anastomosing small grafts to the coronary vessels. The bypass graft bridges the occluded or diseased coronary artery, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles. Patient-specific (PS) anatomy obtained from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was used to generate a 3D aorto-coronary model (pre-surgery). Additionally, three more models with idealized grafts (individual and sequential grafts), were created using Boolean operations to represent post-surgery configuration. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and wall shear stress (WSS) were estimated from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The pre-surgical FFR values for all the three left coronary arteries were significant (FFR<.80). The flow was restored (FFR>0.80) distal to stenosis in all the three post- surgical idealized graft models. Peak WSS values of 468, 336 and 295 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup> were observed at the toe of the individual end-to-side anastomosis for the three graft models. More importantly, low WSS (< 100 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>) prevails at the heel and the walls opposite to the anastomosis in the sequential graft models. The prevailing low WSS at the heel and the wall bed opposite to anastomosis, in a sequential graft model, reduces restenosis rates and promotes a uniform hemodynamic environment for a better long-term patency of the graft. PS- CFD simulations based on CCTA can be helpful in assessing the hemodynamic parameters of graft models for optimal surgical planning.
Sequence analysis of Schmallenberg virus genomes detected in Hungary (2017)

Since its emergence near the German-Dutch border in 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) has been identified in many European countries. In this study, we determined the complete coding sequence of seven Hungarian SBV genomes to expand our knowledge about the genetic diversity of circulating field strains. The samples originated from the first case, an aborted cattle fetus without malformation collected in 2012, and from the blood samples of six adult cattle in 2014. The Hungarian SBV sequences shared ≥99.3% nucleotide (nt) and ≥97.8% amino acid (aa) identity with each other, and ≥98.9 nt and ≥96.7% aa identity with reference strains. Although phylogenetic analyses showed low resolution in general, the M sequences of cattle and sheep origin SBV strains seemed to cluster on different branches. Both common and unique mutation sites were observed in different groups of sequences that might help understanding the evolution of emerging SBV strains.
MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA LEUKOTOXIN - HOST CELL RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS (2010)

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to my advisor, Dr. Srikumaran, more than he knows. His constant encouragement, support, and invaluable suggestions made me to grow as a researcher, I wanted to be. He has been everything that one could want in an advisor. He tolerated all the mistakes I made and spent a lot of his time to answer my questions, often from the first principle. His guidance was indispensable for the successful completion of my research project. He showed me different ways to approach a research problem and the need to be persistent to accomplish the goal. He taught me how to write manuscripts and how to prepare for presentations. I am very grateful to him and will not be able to pay back this debt I owe him. I can only say THANK YOU, from the bottom of the heart. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my other committee members, Drs. Besser, Brown, Call and McElwain, for their advice and guidance during the preliminary examination and thereafter as well. Their involvement with this project enhanced my growth as a scientist. I am very grateful to Dr. Brown for teaching me how to write a good grant proposal during the immunopathology course and giving permission to obtain help from her laboratory when
<title>Novel liquid-crystal alignment method using polarized laser light (Invited Paper)</title> (1992)

The control of liquid crystal alignment is of critical importance to the electro-optic performance of a liquid crystal display. Recently a new alignment method was discovered. Instead of the conventional buffing technique, polarized light is employed to treat the polymer alignment layer on the substrate of the display cell for the control of liquid crystal orientation. This non-contact method of aligning liquid crystals offers unique possibilities for display cell repair or reconfiguration after cell assembly. In addition, novel liquid crystal phase devices can be realized for use in optical processing.
Use of sensor-determined behaviours to develop algorithms for pasture intake by individual grazing cattle (2017)

Practical and reliable measurement of pasture intake by individual animals will enable improved precision in livestock and pasture management, provide input data for prediction and simulation models, and allow animals to be ranked on grazing efficiency for genetic improvement. In this study, we assessed whether pasture intake of individual grazing cattle could be estimated from time spent exhibiting behaviours as determined from data generated by on-animal sensor devices. Variation in pasture intake was created by providing Angus steers (n = 10, mean ± s.d. liveweight 650 ± 77 kg) with differing amounts of concentrate supplementation during grazing within individual ryegrass plots (=0.22 ha). Pasture dry matter intake (DMI) for the steers was estimated from the slope (kg DM day–1) of the regression of total pasture DM per plot on intake over an 11-day period. Pasture DM in each plot, commencing with =2 t DM ha–1, was determined by using repeatedly calibrated pasture height and electronic rising plate meters. The amounts of time spent grazing, ruminating, walking and resting were determined for the 10 steers by using data from collar-mounted, inertial measurement units and a previously developed, highly accurate, behaviour classification model. An initial pasture intake algorithm was established for time spent grazing: pasture DMI (kg day–1) = –4.13 + 2.325 × hours spent grazing (P = 0.010, r2 = 0.53, RSD = 1.65 kg DM day–1). Intake algorithms require further development, validation and refinement under varying pasture conditions by using sensor devices to determine specific pasture intake behaviours coupled with established methods for measuring pasture characteristics and grazing intake and selectivity.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Arylation of Anilides with Boronic Acids, Borinic Acids and Potassium Trifluoroborates (2015)

Abstract An in situ generated cationic ruthenium(II) catalyst allowed for robust CH arylations of anilides with boronic acids. The optimized ruthenium catalyst was found to be both site selective and chemoselective, thereby providing the monoarylated products in excellent yields with ample substrate scope. The catalyst’s high efficacy furthermore set the stage for efficient CH arylations with borinic acids as well as potassium trifluoroborates. magnified image
Rapid, High Resolution Frequency Comb Measurements (2011)

Frequency combs serve as an extremely high accuracy reference across broad portions of the optical spectrum. Dual frequency combs harness this accuracy and allow for fast and highly flexible measurements of passive and active sources.
Remediation of uranium contaminated soils with bicarbonate extraction and microbial U(VI) reduction (1995)

A process for concentrating uranium from contaminated soils in which the uranium is first extracted with bicarbonate and then the extracted uranium is precipitated with U(VI)-reducing microorganisms was evaluated for a variety of uranimn-contaminated soils. Bicarbonate (100 raM) extracted 20-94% of the uranium that was extracted with nitric acid. The U(VI)-reducing microorganism, Desulfovibrio desulfi~ricans reduced the U(VI) to U(IV) in the bicarbonate extracts. In some instances unidentified dissolved extracted components, presumably organics, gave the extract a yellow color and inhibited U(VI) reduction and/or the precipitation of U(IV). Removal of the dissolved yellow material with the addition of hydrogen peroxide alleviated this inhibition. These results demonstrate that bicarbonate extraction of uranium from soil followed by microbial U(VI) reduction might be an effective mechanism for concentrating uranium from some contaminated soils.
MOF derived porous carbon–Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a high performance, recyclable environmental superadsorbent (2012)

A high surface area carbon composite with Fe3O4 nanoparticles is synthesized by pyrolysis of an iron containing Metal Organic Framework (MOF). The composite can be prepared by annealing the MOF at different temperatures (500 °C and 600 °C), each case exhibiting unique properties in terms of the hydrophobic behaviour and surface area, resulting in specific applicability domains. We highlight the exceptional behaviour of this material as a magnetically separable and recyclable superadsorbent for removal and recovery of environmental pollutants (oil/hydrocarbon and dye/phenol).
Simple Alkenes as Substitutes for Organometallic Reagents: Nickel‐Catalyzed, Intermolecular Coupling of Aldehydes, Silyl Triflates, and Alpha Olefins. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Transcriptional Activator Protein Encoded by the x- <i>lor</i> Region of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (1985)

Human T-cell leukemia viruses type I and II (HTLV-I and -II) exhibit several features characteristic of this retroviral family: the presence of an x-lor gene encoding a nuclear protein, transformation properties suggesting the involvement of a virus-associated trans-acting factor, and transcriptional trans-activation of the long terminal repeat (LTR) in infected cells. In the study described here the HTL x-lor products, in the absence of other viral proteins, were able to activate gene expression in trans directed by HTLV LTR. The regulation of the expression of particular genes in trans by HTLV x-lor products suggests that they play a role in viral replication and possibly in transformation of T lymphocytes.
Directed Assembly of Non-equilibrium ABA Triblock Copolymer Morphologies on Nanopatterned Substrates (2012)

The majority of past work on directed assembly of block copolymers on chemically nanopatterned surfaces (or chemical patterns) has focused on AB diblock copolymers, and the resulting morphologies have generally corresponded to equilibrium states. Here we report a study on directed assembly of ABA triblock copolymers. Directed assembly of thin films of symmetric poly(methyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PS-b-PMMA) triblock copolymers is shown to be capable of achieving a high degree of perfection, registration, and accuracy on striped patterns having periods, L(s), commensurate with the bulk period of the copolymer, L(o). When L(s) is incommensurate with L(o), the triblock copolymer domains can reach dimensions up to 55% larger or 13% smaller than L(o). The range over which triblock copolymers tolerate departures from a commensurate L(s) is significantly larger than that accessible with the corresponding diblock copolymer material on analogous directed assembly systems. The assembly kinetics of the triblock copolymer is approximately 3 orders of magnitude slower than observed in the diblock system. Theoretically informed simulations are used to interpret our experimental observations; a thermodynamic analysis reveals that triblocks can form highly ordered, non-equilibrium metastable structures that do not arise in the diblock.
Possibility of Stack and Draw process as Fabrication Technology for Multi-Core Fiber (2013)

The merits and drawbacks of stack and draw process and drilling process for a multi-core fiber were discussed. The possibility of the stack and draw process for low-loss transmission line with multi-core fiber was confirmed.
Active Suspension System Based on Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator and Control Schemes (2013)

In this paper, an active suspension system utilizing a low-cost high-performance linear switched reluctance actuator with proportional-derivative (PD) control is presented. With the tracking differentiator (TD) calculating the displacement and its derivatives directly under the presence of noise, velocity and acceleration can be evaluated, and accurate position control can be achieved. Comparison is made between linear and nonlinear PD control methods in terms of various system parameters and road profiles. A nonlinear PD controller with better dynamic responses is evaluated and developed for real-time suspension application. The proposed PD control schemes are simulated, tested, and analyzed to prove its robustness and reliability. Finally, a quarter-car active suspension system prototype is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes with experiment results.
Online semidefinite programming for power system state estimation (2014)

Power system state estimation (PSSE) constitutes a crucial prerequisite for reliable operation of the power grid. A key challenge for accurate PSSE is the inherent nonlinearity of SCADA measurements in the system states. Recent proposals for static PSSE tackle this issue by exploiting hidden convexity structure and solving a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation. In this work, an online PSSE algorithm based on SDP relaxation is proposed, which enjoys a similar convexity advantage, while capitalizing on past measurements as well for improved performance. An online convex optimization technique is adopted to derive an efficient algorithm with strong performance guarantees. Numerical tests verify the efficacy of the proposed approach.