gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SMA microactuators for microvalve applications (2004)

This paper presents a study of the mechanical and thermal properties of SMA microvalves, which are driven by a microactuator of a NiTi foil or a Ni 2 MnGa thin film. By coupled finite element simulations, von Mises stress profiles and resulting actuation forces are determined, which are compared with experimental force-displacement characteristics. The relatively high phase transformation temperatures of the used Ni 2 MnGa specimens M f / A f of 92 / 125 °C, give rise to cooling times of about 25 ms compared to 90 ms for NiTi. Thus, Ni 2 MnGa microvalves show a superior switching performance. However, due to brittleness and buckling instability, Ni 2 MnGa microvalves only allow a maximum controllable pressure difference of 70 kPa, which is more than a factor of 7 smaller compared to NiTi microvalves.
sRNAs and the virulence of<i>Salmonella enterica</i>serovar Typhimurium (2012)

The combination of genomics and high-throughput cDNA sequencing technologies has facilitated the identification of many small RNAs (sRNAs) that play a central role in the post-transcriptional gene regulation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. To date, most of the functionally characterized sRNAs have been involved in the regulation of processes which are not directly linked to virulence. Just five sRNAs have been found to affect the ability of Salmonella to replicate within mammalian cells, but the precise regulatory mechanisms that are used by sRNAs to control Salmonella pathogenicity at the post-transcriptional level remain to be identified. It is anticipated that an improved understanding of sRNA biology will shed new light on the virulence of Salmonella.
Aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (2020)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Patients develop inflamed nodules and abscesses and, at later stages of disease, epithelialized tunnels and scars in skinfolds of axillary, inguinal, gluteal and perianal areas. Quality of life is affected due to severe pain, purulent secretion, restricted mobility and systemic involvement. Genetics and lifestyle factors including smoking and obesity contribute to the development of HS. These factors lead to microbiome alteration, subclinical inflammation around the terminal hair follicles, and infundibular hyperkeratosis, resulting in plugging and rupture of the follicles. Cell-damage-associated molecules and propagating bacteria trigger inflammation and lead to massive immune cell infiltration that clinically manifests as inflamed nodules and abscesses. The immune system plays a key role also in the progression and chronification of skin alterations. Innate proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), mediators of activated T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells (e.g. interleukin-17 and interferon-γ), and effector mechanisms of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages and plasma cells are involved. Simultaneously, skin lesions contain anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-10) and show limited activity of Th22 and regulatory T cells. The inflammatory vicious circle finally results in pain, purulence, tissue destruction and scarring. Chronic inflammation in patients with HS is also frequently detected in organs other than the skin, as indicated by their comorbidities. All these aspects represent a challenge for the development of therapeutic approaches, which are urgently needed for this debilitating disease. This scholarly review focuses on the causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of HS and the potential therapeutic value of this knowledge.
Fibromyalgia diagnosis: a review of the past, present and future (2015)

Diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) remains controversial even though diverse diagnostic criteria have been developed. This review looks at the history, evolution of diagnostic criteria, endless controversy, recent trends and future perspectives regarding FM diagnosis. Some have criticized that diagnosis of FM could lead to medicalization, whereas others have raised concerns of under-diagnosing FM. With the evolution of diagnosis criteria from American College of Rheumatology 1990 to modified American College of Rheumatology 2010, diagnosis of FM has become simpler. The recent trend of applying patient-reported questionnaires has also increased a simpler FM diagnosis. Reliable biomarkers will not be available for the foreseeable future, so diverse assessment tools will have to be used more pro-actively. After initial diagnosis, multiple and comprehensive assessment measures are needed during the course of treatment in order to better understand type and severity of FM symptoms. These, in turn, could help classify FM based on symptom domain, symptom severity, and comorbidity which would enable more personalized treatment.
Norway obtains current from currents (2003)

Hydroelectricity, solar power and wind energy are the most common forms of renewable energy. But if all goes well later this month off the coast of Hammerfest in northern Norway, a new source of renewable energy can be added to that list. That is when a company called Hammerfest StrA¸m will connect the world's first tidal-power generator to the commercial grid.
Fusion Reactor Design Studies (1976)

This progress report will give a detailed breakdown of the work accomplished for ARIES-III during the contract period, November 1, 1990 to October 31, 1991. The areas of effort discussed are: Neutronics; First-Wall; Shield; Safety; Systems; Startup and Shutdown; Energy Conversion; Ripple Loss; and Fuel Resources.
ODYM—An open software framework for studying dynamic material systems: Principles, implementation, and data structures (2019)

Abstract Material flow analysis (MFA) studies the stocks and flows of goods and substances in systems. The methods and algorithms of MFA have improved over the last few years, but a flexible platform that integrates recent modeling advances such as simultaneous consideration of the product, component, material and chemical element levels, lifetime models, and uncertainty treatment is not available. There is also no versatile data format for exchanging data between projects. This lack of research infrastructure is detrimental to scientific progress. To fill that gap, we propose a novel industrial ecology community model for MFA. The Open Dynamic Material Systems Model (ODYM) is an open source framework for material systems modeling programmed in Python. The description of systems, processes, stocks, flows, and parameters is object‐based, which facilitates the development of modular software and testing routines for individual model blocks. ODYM MFA models can handle any depth of flow and stock specification: products, components, sub‐components, materials, alloys, waste, and chemical elements can be traced simultaneously. ODYM features a new data structure for material flow analysis; all input and output data are stored in a standardized file format and can thus be exchanged across projects. It also comes with an extended library for dynamic stock modeling. We present the features, design principles, software, and data structure of ODYM, describe its main methods and functions, and give an outlook on current and future applications.
Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity (2016)

Scaling laws underpin unifying theories of biodiversity and are among the most predictively powerful relationships in biology. However, scaling laws developed for plants and animals often go untested or fail to hold for microorganisms. As a result, it is unclear whether scaling laws of biodiversity will span evolutionarily distant domains of life that encompass all modes of metabolism and scales of abundance. Using a global-scale compilation of ∼35,000 sites and ∼5.6⋅10(6) species, including the largest ever inventory of high-throughput molecular data and one of the largest compilations of plant and animal community data, we show similar rates of scaling in commonness and rarity across microorganisms and macroscopic plants and animals. We document a universal dominance scaling law that holds across 30 orders of magnitude, an unprecedented expanse that predicts the abundance of dominant ocean bacteria. In combining this scaling law with the lognormal model of biodiversity, we predict that Earth is home to upward of 1 trillion (10(12)) microbial species. Microbial biodiversity seems greater than ever anticipated yet predictable from the smallest to the largest microbiome.
Unmarried Men's Contraceptive Use at Recent Sexual Intercourse: United States, 2011-2015. (2017)

Contraception is used to help prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Higher percentages of pregnancies to unmarried persons are unintended than for those who are married (1). Patterns of contraceptive use as reported by women, including differences by marital status, are well documented using National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) data (2–4); however, less research focuses on contraceptive use as reported by men. Using 2011–2015 NSFG data from men, with selected time trends, this data brief describes contraceptive use at last recent vaginal sexual intercourse (within 3 months) among unmarried men, focusing primarily on male methods of contraception (condom, withdrawal, and vasectomy).
Development of an FBG-based low temperature measurement system for cargo containment of LNG tankers (2007)

Given the growing demand for oil and natural gas to meet the world's energy needs, there is nowadays renewed interest in the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) systems. For LNG to remain in its liquid phase, the gas has to be kept at cryogenic temperatures (< 160°C). And, as part of the LNG supply process, it becomes necessary to transport it using massive carrier tankers with cargo hulls operating at low temperatures and using special insulating double-wall construction. The safe and reliable storage and transportation of LNG products calls for low temperature monitoring of said containers to detect the onset of any potential leaks and possible thermal insulation degradation. Because of the hazardous nature of this cargo, only intrinsically-safe, explosion proof devices can be used. Optical fiber sensors-- such as fiber Bragg gratings-- are ideal for this application given their dielectric nature and multi-point sensing telemetry capability. In this paper, we describe the development of an on-line, multi-point FBG-based low temperature monitoring system based on a network of specially packaged FBG temperature and strain sensors mounted at critical locations within the inner hull, cofferdam and secondary barriers of a LNG carrier tanker. Given the stringent cryogenic operating temperature conditions, pertinent FBG designs, coatings and packaging approaches were formulated along with adequate installation techniques and integration of the interrogating FBG electronics into the tanker's overall SCADA monitoring system. FBG temperature sensors were demonstrated to be stable and sensitive over the 80-480K range. Stability is ± 0.25K or better with repeated calibrations, and long term stability at 480K is ~0.2mK/hour.
Interacting in multi-display environments (2007)

Abstract. With the introduction of mobile devices as well as large public displays, we are surrounded by multiple displays at any time during the day. In addition, interacting with displayed information on one screen at a time is very common. The interaction between multiple displays simultaneously is rather difficult due to reachability, hard-to-use techniques or limited input capabilities. In my work I will investigate and propose new techniques that allow copying, moving or manipulating information across multiple displays. In addition, I will explore ways to allow remote control of (partially) unreachable displays. 1
a4�7 Integrin (LPAM-1) is Upregulated at Atherosclerotic Lesions and is Involved in Atherosclerosis Progression (2014)

Together our results reveal a critical role of α4β7 in diet-induced atherosclerosis in mouse.
Manual of psychiatric therapeutics (1994)

Manual of psychiatric therapeutics , Manual of psychiatric therapeutics , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Transparent Process Migration for Distributed Applications in a Beowulf Cluster (2002)

Powerful, low-cost clusters of personal computers, such as Beowulf clusters, have fueled the potential for widespread distributed computation. While these Beowulf clusters typically have software that facilitates development of distributed applications, there is still a need for effective distributed computation that is transparent to the application programmer. This paper describes the design and development of the PANTS Application Node Transparency System (PANTS), which enables transparent distributed computation. PANTS employs a fault -tolerant communication architecture based on multicast communication that minimizes load on busy cluster nodes. PANTS runs on any modern distribution of Linux without requiring any kernel modifications.
Sol−Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Silicate Thin Films (1997)

An H2O2-assisted, sol−gel synthesis route to precursors to magnesium silicate thin films is described. Films having ratios of Mg to Si from 1 to 3 were prepared by spin-coating. On substrates such as silicon, aluminum, steel, glass, and fused silica, repeated coatings were applied, without intermittent treatment, to give ∼0.5 μm thick films. Crack-free consolidation was achieved by conventional or microwave heating. Densification of the films on silicon was studied by IR spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and microhardness measurements; IR analysis indicated that these films were amorphous to at least 750 °C. At high enough temperatures, durable films were obtained that exhibited antireflective properties.
Synthesis and biological activity of 5-(trifluoromethyl)- and 5-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrimidine nucleoside analogs (1983)

Various 5-substituted perfluoroalkylpyrimidine nucleoside analogues have been synthesized, and their biological activity against L1210, S-180, Vero cells, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was evaluated. The 5-trifluoromethyl derivatives, 7 and 9, showed significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 with ED50 values of 7 and 5 microM, respectively. In addition, the unblocked nucleoside 9 was found to be about 64-fold less toxic to the host Vero cells and gave a favorable therapeutic index of 64 against HSV-1 in vitro.
An advanced tool for analyzing multiple cascading failures (2004)

This paper summarizes the Southern Company methodology and experience in advanced analysis of cascading failures. Cascading failures occur due to loss of generating units at a station, breaker failures, common tower and common right-of-way circuit outages, etc. Once an initiating event occurs, the protection system opens the surrounding breakers so that several protection control groups (PCGs, a set of components which go out of service due to action of breakers) are forced out of service. In its turn, these initial outages could cause severe overloads and voltage deviations on the operational transmission facilities. This may trigger further actions by the protection system isolating other PCGs and tripping generators, and so on. Cascading outages can propagate through the interconnection incurring significant loss of load potentially leading to a system collapse. Southern Company has developed and implemented a unique methodology that allows screening multiple initiating contingencies, simulating the cascading process, evaluating the system impacts, ranking the cascading scenarios based on their severity and likelihood, and identifying the top contingencies that require primarily attention. The methodology has been successfully used for several years. It has already influenced real-life decision-making in transmission system enhancement project prioritization and selection. This methodology is reported in this paper. This paper also provides a brief description of the recent system blackouts worldwide and develops their generic scenario. It is shown that the proposed approach is capable of simulating similar scenarios.
Mapping enterprise entities to text segments (2008)

Today, valuable business information is increasingly stored as unstructured data (documents, emails, etc.). For example, documents exchanged between business partners capture information on transactions between them like purchases or invoices. A major challenge is to correctly recognize and associate real-world entities in unstructured data, e.g. documents, with those stored in structured data e.g., enterprise databases. To address this, we propose in this paper a robust process methodology consisting of three phases: entity extraction from documents, generation of mapping of recognized entities with structured data, and disambiguation of mappings exploiting relationships from the enterprise data and the documents' structure.
Designing and implementing a family of intrusion detection systems (2003)

Intrusion detection systems are distributed applications that analyze the events in a networked system to identify malicious behavior. The analysis is performed using a number of attack models (or signatures) that are matched against a specific event stream. Intrusion detection systems may operate in heterogeneous environments, analyzing different types of event streams. Currently, intrusion detection systems and the corresponding attack modeling languages are developed following an ad hoc approach to match the characteristics of specific target environments. As the number of systems that have to be protected increases, this approach results in increased development effort. To overcome this limitation, we developed a framework, called STAT, that supports the development of new intrusion detection functionality in a modular fashion. The STAT framework can be extended following a well-defined process to implement intrusion detection systems tailored to specific environments, platforms, and event streams. The STAT framework is novel in the fact that the extension process also includes the extension of the attack modeling language. The resulting intrusion detection systems represent a software family whose members share common attack modeling features and the ability to reconfigure their behavior dynamically.
A Modelica Library for Paper Machine Dryer Section Modeling—DryLib — and applications (2006)

Following increased efforts during the last decade to formulate mathematical models for the paper drying process, this paper presents a Modelica library, DryLib, which enables users to rapidly develop complex models of paper machine dryer sections. In addition, parameter optimization, model reduction and moisture control by means of Non-Linear Model Predictive Control is treated. These applications have in common that they are based on numerical optimization schemes. Since the nature of the particular optimization problem dictates the requirements of the numerical code, the paper also serves as an illustration of the need for flexibility in terms of i) means for the user to express optimization problems, ii) and choice of numerical algorithms.
Wakeup-Free and Endurance-Robust Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistor Memory Using High Pressure Annealing (2021)

Wakeup-free and endurance-robust HfZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO) ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. After a high-pressure forming gas annealing as the last alloy step, the performance and endurance of the FeFETs were significantly improved by trap states reduction, polarization enhancement, and wake-up elimination. As the result, the FeFETs show superior endurance exceeding 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cycles and robust retention behavior at program/erase biases of ±3.5V and pulse width of 100 ns. These results indicate that appropriate thermal treatment for the interlayer and ferroelectric material could substantially improve FeFET performance and reliability.
Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (CRd) for light-chain amyloidosis: long-term results from a phase 2 trial (2012)

Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis remains incurable despite recent therapeutic advances. Given the activity of the lenalidomide-alkylating agent combination in myeloma, we designed this phase 2 trial of lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in AL amyloidosis. Thirty-five patients, including 24 previously untreated, were enrolled. Nearly one-half of the patients had cardiac stage III disease and 28% had ≥ 3 organs involved. The overall hematologic response (≥ partial response [PR]) rate was 60%, including 40% with very-good partial response or better. Using serum-free light chain for assessing response, 77% of patients had a hematologic response. Organ responses were seen in 29% of patients and were limited to those with a hematologic response. The median hematologic progression-free survival was 28.3 months, and the median overall survival was 37.8 months. Hematologic toxicity was the predominant adverse event, followed by fatigue, edema, and gastrointestinal symptoms. A grade 3 or higher toxicity occurred in 26 patients (74%) including ≥ grade 3 hematologic toxicity in 16 patients (46%) and ≥ grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity in 25 patients (71%). Seven patients (20%) died on study, primarily because of advanced disease. Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (CRd) is an effective combination for treatment of AL amyloidosis and leads to durable hematologic responses as well as organ responses with manageable toxicity. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00564889).
The effect of dietary supplements of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides (1981)

1. The effects of dietary supplements of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides were studied in vegans and in omnivores. 2. A supplement of 18:3 omega 3 led to an increase in 20:5 omega 3 but was less effective than one of 20:5 omega 3 + 22:6 omega 3.