gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Origin of Maleic Anhydride Selectivity during the Oxidative Scission of Levulinic Acid (2019)

Biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) is a green platform chemical, and we have previously reported an oxidative scission pathway that selectively transforms it into maleic anhydride (MA). This reaction is curious because it requires oxidative scission of the terminal (methyl) carbon in levulinic acid, whereas gas-phase methyl ketone oxidations are typically selective toward internal (alkyl) bond scission. In order to probe the origin of this disparity, we consider trends observed during the oxidative scission of ketones, keto acids, and keto acid analogues, and we highlight influences of steric hindrances, α-carbon substitution, and the presence of a secondary carboxylic acid functionality. We further consider the role of cyclic intermediates, namely Angelica lactones, in mediating selectivity during the oxidative scission of levulinic acid. Our kinetic analysis is supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which reveals the formation of hydrogen-deficient surface intermediates prior to the onset of oxidative scission. Finally, we pair short-contact-time selectivity analysis with GCMS and NMR spectroscopy to identify a previously undisclosed reaction intermediate—protoanemonin—that forms during the oxidative scission of levulinic acid and α-Angelica lactone. We conclude that facile oxidative dehydrogenation of β-Angelica lactone to form protoanemonin is the major driving force for the high selectivity toward methyl scission during levulinic acid oxidation. We also note that protoanemonin is an intriguing polyfunctional molecule that appears well-suited to bio-based production, and we have observed that it can be synthesized in yields from 55% to 75% (albeit at low concentration presently) during periods of transient reactor operation.
Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays (2014)

Accurate detection and quantification of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in complex matrices is required for pharmaceutical, environmental, and food sample testing. Rapid BoNT testing of foodstuffs is needed during outbreak forensics, patient diagnosis, and food safety testing while accurate potency testing is required for BoNT-based drug product manufacturing and patient safety. The widely used mouse bioassay for BoNT testing is highly sensitive but lacks the precision and throughput needed for rapid and routine BoNT testing. Furthermore, the bioassay's use of animals has resulted in calls by drug product regulatory authorities and animal-rights proponents in the US and abroad to replace the mouse bioassay for BoNT testing. Several in vitro replacement assays have been developed that work well with purified BoNT in simple buffers, but most have not been shown to be applicable to testing in highly complex matrices. Here, a protocol for the detection of BoNT in complex matrices using the BoTest Matrix assays is presented. The assay consists of three parts: The first part involves preparation of the samples for testing, the second part is an immunoprecipitation step using anti-BoNT antibody-coated paramagnetic beads to purify BoNT from the matrix, and the third part quantifies the isolated BoNT's proteolytic activity using a fluorogenic reporter. The protocol is written for high throughput testing in 96-well plates using both liquid and solid matrices and requires about 2 hr of manual preparation with total assay times of 4-26 hr depending on the sample type, toxin load, and desired sensitivity. Data are presented for BoNT/A testing with phosphate-buffered saline, a drug product, culture supernatant, 2% milk, and fresh tomatoes and includes discussion of critical parameters for assay success.
Low-Power Channel Select Filters for DVB-H Receivers (2016)

Design and implementation of CMOS channel select filters for digital video broadcasting-handheld integrated direct-conversion receivers are presented. The filters are designed to fulfill selectivity requirements with optimized power consumption. The proposed filters are based on the current amplifier and the transresistance amplifier offering alternatives for current-mode and voltage-mode signal processing, respectively. Adopting one active element per biquad allows optimization of the power consumption, and hence, leads to significant improvement over the available solutions. The two filters were fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology and experimental results are provided.
Direct Measurement of Ion Accumulation at the Electrode Electrolyte Interface under an Oscillatory Electric Field (2006)

The ionic charge accumulation at the metal-electrolyte interface is directly measured by using differential interferometry as a function of magnitude and frequency (2-50 kHz) of external electric field. The technique developed probes the ion dynamics confined to the electrical double layer. The amplitude of modulation of the ions is linearly proportional to the amplitude of applied potential. The linearity is observed up to high electrode potentials and salt concentrations. The frequency response of the ion dynamics at the interface is interpreted in terms of the classical RC model.
Photolytic separation of carbon isotopes in cryogenic solutions of carbon disulfide (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolytic separation of carbon isotopes in cryogenic solutions of carbon disulfideSamuel M. Freund, William B. Maier II, Redus F. Holland, and Willard H. BeattieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 16, 4522–4524Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00510a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00510a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Cost Passive UHF RFID Packaging with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Substrate for Metal Objects (2007)

Passive UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a promising technology for products tracking in logistics or routing packages in supply chain. However, the RFID tag is significantly affected by objects surround it especially metallic objects. In this paper, we disclosed a new method using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material to insulate the UHF RFID tag from backside objects, so that the tag could work on water surface and even metal. The design of EBG material for UHF RFID which operates at 915 MHz was discussed in this paper. An ultrathin (<1.5 mm) tag on metal with a gain of 4 dBi was achieved in simulation and a prototype of 2.93 mm thick RFID on metal tag was measured in experiment. The simulation results showed that the RFID tag still could be read on EBG substrate with a good gain (~4 dBi). The measurement results indicated that the read rang of RFID tag with EBG substrate could reach up to 4 meters on metal template.
Crystalline Semiconductor Core Optical Fibers (2011)

Silicon and germanium core optical fibers are discussed. Losses of 4 dB/m have been achieved at 3 µm and suggest that such semiconductor optical fibers could be of practical value for nonlinear and infrared applications.
Automatically Identifying Morphological Relations in Machine-Readable Dictionaries (1994)

We describe an automated method for identifying classes of morphologically related words in an on-line dictionary, and for linking individual senses in the derived form to one or more senses in the base form by means of morphological relation attributes. We also present an algorithm for computing a score reflecting the system=92s certainty in these derivational links; this computation relies on the content of semantic relations associated with each sense, which are extracted automatically by parsing each sense definition and subjecting the parse structure to automated semantic analysis. By processing the entire set of headwords in the dictionary in this fashion we create a large set of directed derivational graphs, which can then be accessed by other components in our broad-coverage NLP system. Spurious or unlikely derivations are not discarded, but are rather added to the dictionary and assigned a negative score; this allows the system to handle non-standard uses of these forms.
Identification of EEG Patterns Occuring in Anesthesia by Means of Autoregressive Parameters. Erkennung von Narkose-EEG-Mustern mit Hilfe autoregressiver Parameter (1991)

In EEG analysis an automatic pattern recognition is of interest. In this paper the usefulness of autoregressive parameters to classify EEG segments recorded during anesthesia is examined. Assuming that the AR parameters are multivariate normally distributed, parametric methods of discriminant analysis can be applied. The results show that AR parameters have high discriminating power and that the lowest error classification rate (smaller than 3%) is obtained by using quadratic discriminant functions. Consequently autoregressive parameters are efficient for classifying EEG segments into general stages of anesthesia.
Isolation and Expression of cDNAs Encoding Human Factor VII (1986)

Two alternative pathways exist for the activation of factor X, a step required to convert prothrombin to thrombin in the later stages of the coagulation cascade. In the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, a series of protease-mediated activations ultimately generates factor IXa (see Fig. 1). This protein, coupled with factor VIIIa, produces factor Xa from factor X by cleavage of a glycopeptide from the heavy-chain amino terminus (Davie et al. 1979). An identical proteolysis is effected by factor VIIa and tissue factor in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Tissue factor, a membrane-bound protein, normally does not circulate in plasma. Upon vessel disruption, however, it can complex with factor VIIa to catalyze the factor X activation in a Ca++- and phospholipid-dependent manner (Østerud and Rapaport 1977).
Vacuum-isolation vessel for measurement of thermal noise in microphones (1990)

In the past, the inherent electronic and thermal noise in a condenser microphone and the associated preamplifier were measured in facilities with poor acoustic isolation properties, especially at low frequencies where 1/fn (n = 1,2) noise sources are dominant. These background noise levels constitute one of the most important specifications of a microphone, for they determine the lowest sound pressure that can be detected. Therefore, a new method for measuring the thermal agitation noise within a bandwidth 1–25 000 Hz has been developed. The presentation will discuss the theoretical and experimental measurements of thermal agitation noise in a condenser microphone by using a high-vacuum isolation apparatus to achieve an acoustically quiet and vibration-free environment. The 1-in. condenser microphone is placed inside the isolation vessel where the pressure inside is atmospheric. The isolation vessel is suspended inside a larger vessel, in which the intervening air is evacuated. This method gives an accurate measurement of the inherent noise of the complete system. Measurements of sound propagation into the acoustic isolation vessel as a function of vacuum at different frequencies are compared to theory. The measurements are made at ambient temperature and at isolation pressures ranging from atmospheric down to about 5×10−6 Torr.
Soft holographic interference lithography microlens for enhanced organic light emitting diode light extraction (2011)

Very uniform 2 μm-pitch square microlens arrays (μLAs), embossed on the blank glass side of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated 1.1 mm-thick glass, are used to enhance light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by ~100%, significantly higher than enhancements reported previously. The array design and size relative to the OLED pixel size appear to be responsible for this enhancement. The arrays are fabricated by very economical soft lithography imprinting of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold (itself obtained from a Ni master stamp that is generated from holographic interference lithography of a photoresist) on a UV-curable polyurethane drop placed on the glass. Green and blue OLEDs are then fabricated on the ITO to complete the device. When the μLA is ~15 × 15 mm(2), i.e., much larger than the ~3 × 3 mm(2) OLED pixel, the electroluminescence (EL) in the forward direction is enhanced by ~100%. Similarly, a 19 × 25 mm(2) μLA enhances the EL extracted from a 3 × 3 array of 2 × 2 mm(2) OLED pixels by 96%. Simulations that include the effects of absorption in the organic and ITO layers are in accordance with the experimental results and indicate that a thinner 0.7 mm thick glass would yield a ~140% enhancement.
Inactivation of An Agent of Human Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis by Formalin (1980)

Samples of serum (0.1 ml each) containing an agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis of documented infectivity were incubated with formalin in a concentration of 1:1,000 at 37 C for 96 hr. Three colony-born infant chimpanzees were then inoculated with this formalin-treated serum; one received a single intravenous inoculation, and two received two subcutaneous inoculations one month apart. A fourth uninoculated chimpanzee served as a control. None developed recognizable non-A, non-B hepatitis during seven months of observation, as judged by normal aminotransferase levels in weekly serum samples, normal liver histology in liver biopsy specimens, and the absence of non-A, non-B hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in their sera. All four chimpanzees were subsequently shown to be susceptible to non-A, non-B hepatitis when challenged with 0.1 ml of the untreated infectious serum 31 weeks after the initial inoculations.
Multimode stepped impedance resonators and their application in chipless RFID tags (2016)

Stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) are composed of multiple transmission lines with different characteristic impedances and can control higher-order mode resonance frequencies. Here, identification codes from a resonator were systematically generated by utilizing these properties and introducing symmetric multimode SIRs composed of transmission lines of uniform length. In the other direction, resonator codes were identified by detecting their higher-order mode resonance frequencies. This paper describes these resonance properties and experimental results for multimode SIRs and presents a frequency detection method using electromagnetic probes. The experimental data show that the proposed method is applicable to a chipless RFID tag system.
Putative aromatase inhibitor induces male sex determination in a female unisexual lizard and in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination (1994)

Treatment of developing embryos of two diverse species of reptiles with fadrozole (a potent and specific nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase activity in mammals) resulted in the induction of male sex determination. In the first experiment, males were produced in an all-female parthenogenic species of lizard (Cnemidophorus uniparens). In the second experiment, male sex determination was induced in a turtle (Trachemys scripta) with temperature-dependent sex determination. The results support the hypothesis that the endogenous production of oestrogen may represent a pivotal step in the sex determination cascade of reptiles. Further, the production of male C uniparens indicates that the genes required for male sexual differentiation have not been lost in this parthenogenic lizard.
Effect of Torrefaction on Bio-oil Upgrading over HZSM-5. Part 1: Product Yield, Product Quality, and Catalyst Effectiveness for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Production (2013)

A three-step bio-oil production process involving torrefaction pretreatment (at 225, 250, or 275 °C with a 20 min hold time), pyrolysis (at 500 °C with two heating rates), and secondary catalytic processing over HZSM-5 (at 400, 450, or 500 °C) was studied to determine process effects, particularly of torrefaction, on the yield of liquid and aromatic hydrocarbons and the quality of upgraded bio-oil. When bio-oils derived from torrefied biomass were catalytically cracked, average yields (%, w/w of feed) of reactor char (100% reduction), catalyst coke (21.4%), and catalyst tar (8.1%) were significantly reduced relative to the best-case conditions using non-torrefied feedstock. The reduction in coke (%, w/w of feed) as a result of torrefaction was 28.5% relative to the respective control for slow-pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading and 34.9% for fast-pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading. The concentration of aromatic product (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, i.e., BTEX) was highest at 95 g L–1 for upgraded (at 500 °C) fast-pyrolysis bio-oil derived from biomass torrefied at 275 °C. Catalyst effectiveness for BTEX production significantly increased with increased torrefaction and catalytic cracking temperatures.
Golodirsen Induces Exon Skipping Leading to Sarcolemmal Dystrophin Expression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients With Mutations Amenable to Exon 53 Skipping (S22.001) (2018)

To conduct an analysis of exon 53 skipping and dystrophin production and its cellular localization in muscle biopsies from patients in an ongoing trial of golodirsen (formerly SRP-4053).
Panoramic Video from Unstructured Camera Arrays (2015)

Abstract We describe an algorithm for generating panoramic video from unstructured camera arrays. Artifact‐free panorama stitching is impeded by parallax between input views. Common strategies such as multi‐level blending or minimum energy seams produce seamless results on quasi‐static input. However, on video input these approaches introduce noticeable visual artifacts due to lack of global temporal and spatial coherence. In this paper we extend the basic concept of local warping for parallax removal. Firstly, we introduce an error measure with increased sensitivity to stitching artifacts in regions with pronounced structure. Using this measure, our method efficiently finds an optimal ordering of pair‐wise warps for robust stitching with minimal parallax artifacts. Weighted extrapolation of warps in non‐overlap regions ensures temporal stability, while at the same time avoiding visual discontinuities around transitions between views. Remaining global deformation introduced by the warps is spread over the entire panorama domain using constrained relaxation, while staying as close as possible to the original input views. In combination, these contributions form the first system for spatiotemporally stable panoramic video stitching from unstructured camera array input.
Phase‐sensitive inversion recovery for myocardial<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>mapping with motion correction and parametric fitting (2012)

The assessment of myocardial fibrosis and extracellular volume requires accurate estimation of myocardial T1 s. While image acquisition using the modified Look-Locker inversion recovery technique is clinically feasible for myocardial T1 mapping, respiratory motion can limit its applicability. Moreover, the conventional T1 fitting approach using the magnitude inversion recovery images can lead to less stable T1 estimates and increased computational cost. In this article, we propose a novel T1 mapping scheme that is based on phase-sensitive image reconstruction and the restoration of polarity of the MR signal after inversion. The motion correction is achieved by registering the reconstructed images after background phase removal. The restored signal polarity of the inversion recovery signal helps the T1 fitting resulting in improved quality of the T1 map and reducing the computational cost. Quantitative validation on a data cohort of 45 patients proves the robustness of the proposed method against varying image contrast. Compared to the magnitude T1 fitting, the proposed phase-sensitive method leads to less fluctuation in T1 estimates.
Viscoelastic properties of pectin/starch blends (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscoelastic properties of pectin/starch blendsDavid R. Coffin and Marshall L. FishmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 8, 1192–1197Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00032a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00032a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts