gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Large Radial Movement Brush Seal (2012)

Brush seals provide an advantage over traditional seals such as the labyrinth seal by tolerating a small amount of contact between the seal and the rotor without performance degradation. The bristles are compliant and are able to accommodate a rotor movement towards the seal by mechanical deflection of the bristles. Blow-down, an aerodynamic phenomenon whereby the bristles move towards the shaft under the application of a differential pressure, allows the bristles to close a gap between the seal and the rotor. These mechanisms ensure that the brush seal gives good performance with small rotor growths and rotor translations. In a conventional seal the need to accommodate large eccentric movements may result in excessive seal wear as the axial stiffness of the seals in the unsupported region either becomes insufficient to avoid serious seal deflection, or is increased to such an extent that wear is excessive in normal operation. Rolls-Royce has developed a large radial movement seal using a conventional brush seal as its primary element. The seal housing is designed to accommodate a much larger range of rotor translations, through the use of a tight tolerance, essentially static-sliding, secondary seal. Continuous stiffness, torque and flow measurements were made during a series of eccentric shaft movements at engine scale and differential pressures with the shaft rotating at slow speed. Results show that at small deflections the seal acts identically to a conventional brush seal, to which the results are compared. At higher eccentric displacements the floating seal limits the maximum bristle tip contact load and the load on the rotor. Here the stiffness characteristics are determined by the frictional properties of the seal housing, the precise geometry of which is also the limit to the range of radial movement. The experimental campaign has shown that the large radial movement seal is a viable solution for engine locations where large eccentric movements need to be accommodated, but small radial growths are expected.
Modeling and Integration Phenomena of metal-metal direct bonding technology (2014)

Direct metal bonding represents an advanced joining technology that allows vertical stacking with electrical conduction and even heat dissipation. Direct metal bonding is performed at room temperature, under ambient air and atmospheric pressure. Thus, for most metals used as bonding layers, it involves a surface metal oxide layer. The bonding interface saddles with a trapped oxide layer. This study focuses on the analysis and modeling of metal-metal direct bonding with regards to integration stages such as annealing or layer stacking.
Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of rheumatoid arthritis, their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage (2015)

The results indicate that anti-CarP antibodies are associated with disease development, even after adjusting for the presence of different ACPA fine specificities, and in anti-CCP2 negative individuals and contribute to the identification of a subset of patients with worse radiological progression of the disease independent of ACPA.
LPD-Net: 3D Point Cloud Learning for Large-Scale Place Recognition and Environment Analysis (2018)

Point cloud based place recognition is still an open issue due to the difficulty in extracting local features from the raw 3D point cloud and generating the global descriptor, and it's even harder in the large-scale dynamic environments. In this paper, we develop a novel deep neural network, named LPD-Net (Large-scale Place Description Network), which can extract discriminative and generalizable global descriptors from the raw 3D point cloud. Two modules, the adaptive local feature extraction module and the graph-based neighborhood aggregation module, are proposed, which contribute to extract the local structures and reveal the spatial distribution of local features in the large-scale point cloud, with an end-to-end manner. We implement the proposed global descriptor in solving point cloud based retrieval tasks to achieve the large-scale place recognition. Comparison results show that our LPD-Net is much better than PointNetVLAD and reaches the state-of-the-art. We also compare our LPD-Net with the vision-based solutions to show the robustness of our approach to different weather and light conditions.
Green's function of periodic scatterers applied to scattering by finite periodic arrays of scatterers (2017)

The Green's function is an important physical concept and is key to the formulation of integral equations. In the past, the free space Green's function and the Green's function of an empty lattice were used to study wave behavior in periodic structures such as metamaterials and photonic crystals. In this paper, the Green's function of periodic scatterers are calculated and next used to formulate integral equations for scattering by finite periodic arrays. The Green's function of periodic scatterers is expressed in terms of band solutions. A low wavenumber component is subtracted out from the Green's function. The low wavenumber component represents the slowly converging reactive near field. The remaining part is shown to have no singularity and to converge rapidly with respect to the number of modes included. It is efficient to be evaluated over a wide range of wavenumbers. Multiple band solutions are derived from a linear eigenvalue problem, converted from a surface integral equation, where the technique of broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) is used to represent the propagator. The Green's function of periodic scatterers satisfies boundary conditions on the scatterers. When it is used to formulate a surface integral equation of scattering from a finite periodic array, the unknowns are limited to the boundaries of the finite structure. We demonstrate such applications by computing the reflections from a half-space of periodic scatterers. The results are compared to that of half space Green's function of an effective medium for the half space medium.
Truncated (N)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as A<sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor Agonists and Partial Agonists: Overcoming Lack of a Recognition Element (2011)

A(1) adenosine receptor (AR) agonists are neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anxiolytic. (N)-Methanocarba adenine nucleosides designed to bind to human A(1)AR were truncated to eliminate 5'-CH(2)OH. This modification previously converted A(3)AR agonists into antagonists, but the comparable effect at A(1)AR is unknown. In comparison to ribosides, affinity at the A(1)AR was less well preserved than at the A(3)AR, although a few derivatives were moderately A(1)AR selective, notably full agonist 21 (N(6)-dicyclopropylmethyl, K(i) 47.9 nM). Thus, at the A(1)AR recognition elements for nucleoside binding depend more on 5'region interactions, and in their absence A(3)AR selectivity predominates. Based on the recently reported agonist-bound AR structure, this difference between subtypes likely correlates with an essential His residue in transmembrane domain 6 of A(1) but not A(3)AR. The derivatives ranged from partial to full agonists in A(1)AR-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition. Truncated derivatives have more drug-like physical properties than other A(1)AR agonists; this approach is appealing for preclinical development.
A MEMS differential scanning calorimeter for thermodynamic characterization of biomolecules (2011)

We present a MEMS-based differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) device combining highly sensitive thermoelectric sensing, on-chip self-calibration, and microfluidic regulation for thermodynamic characterization of biomolecular samples on a minimized scale. The device integrates well-defined microfluidic reaction chambers and utilizes a three-dimensional structure in which a layer of resistive microheaters and temperature sensors are precisely aligned to these chambers to provide uniform heating, in-situ temperature sensing, and convenient self-calibration. Notably, this device exploits the novel use of an antimony-bismuth (Sb-Bi) thermopile with high thermoelectric performance to significantly enhance device sensitivity and thus allow for DSC detection with minimized sample consumption. We demonstrate the utility of this MEMS DSC device by characterizing the unfolding of proteins in a minimized volume (1 μL), and at low protein concentrations approaching practically useful levels (1 mg/mL). Quantitative thermodynamic properties including the total enthalpy change (ΔH) and melting temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) during this conformational transition are determined and found to agree with published data.
Recent Enhancements to Interline and Electron Multiplying CCD Image Sensors (2017)

This paper describes recent process modifications made to enhance the performance of interline and electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) image sensors. By use of MeV ion implantation, quantum efficiency in the NIR region of the spectrum was increased by 2×, and image smear was reduced by 6 dB. By reducing the depth of the shallow photodiode (PD) implants, the photodiode-to-vertical-charge-coupled-device (VCCD) transfer gate voltage required for no-lag operation was reduced by 3 V, and the electronic shutter voltage was reduced by 9 V. The thinner, surface pinning layer also resulted in a reduction of smear by 4 dB in the blue portion of the visible spectrum. For EMCCDs, gain aging was eliminated by providing an oxide-only dielectric under its multiplication phase, while retaining the oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics elsewhere in the device.
Advanced control of nonlinear beams with Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces (2016)

The application of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase approach to the design of nonlinear metasurfaces has recently enabled subdiffractive phase control over the generated nonlinear fields, embedding phased array features in ultrathin structures. Here, we rigorously model, analyze, and design highly efficient nonlinear metasurfaces with advanced functionalities, including the generation of pencil beams steered in arbitrary directions in space, as well as vortex beams with polarization-dependent angular momentum, and we extend the PB approach to various nonlinear processes. To this purpose, we develop an accurate and efficient theoretical framework---inspired by the linear phase array theory---based on the effective nonlinear susceptibility method, thus avoiding the use of time-consuming numerical simulations. Our findings allow exploiting the flat nonlinear optics paradigm, enabling exciting applications based on subwavelength field control over flat and large-scale structures with giant nonlinear responses.
Tailoring the Photomechanical Response of Glassy, Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides by Physical Aging (2012)

Photoresponsive polymers convert a light stimulus input into a mechanical output (work). Photoinduced conformational changes, such as within azobenzene, dictate molecular-level distortions that summate into a macroscopic strain, which often manifests as a shape change or motion. The transduction of the molecular-level response to a macroscale effect is regulated by mesoscopic features, such as chain packing, free volume, and local molecular order—factors which depend on chemical composition as well as the process history of the material. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to widely tailor the photomechanical response of a photoresponsive polymer by manipulating the energy state of the glass, rather than formulating new chemical compositions. Physical aging increases the density of the glass, reduces local free volume, and thus reduces the minima in local conformation space, thereby strongly influencing the azobenzene photochemistry (trans–cis–trans isomerization). The subsequent change in the energy landscape of the system reduces the fraction of azobenzene able to undergo reconfiguration as well as increases the probability that those photoinduced conformations will relax back to the initial local environment. The result is a tuning of the magnitude of macroscopic strain and the ability to shift from shape fixing to shape recovery, respectively.
Coding scheme for 3D vertical flash memory (2015)

Recently introduced 3D vertical flash memory is expected to be a disruptive technology since it overcomes scaling challenges of conventional 2D planar flash memory by stacking up cells in the vertical direction. However, 3D vertical flash memory suffers from a new problem known as fast detrapping, which is a rapid charge loss problem. In this paper, we propose a scheme to compensate the effect of fast detrapping by intentional inter-cell interference (ICI). In order to properly control the intentional ICI, our scheme relies on a coding technique that incorporates the side information of fast detrapping during the encoding stage. This technique is closely connected to the well-known problem of coding in a memory with defective cells. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can effectively address the problem of fast detrapping.
Advances in white-light optical signal processing (1984)

A technique that permits signal processing operations which can be carried out by white light source is described. The method performs signal processing that obeys the concept of coherent light rather than incoherent optics. Since the white light source contains all the color wavelengths of the visible light, the technique is very suitable for color signal processing.
Antibody to the Dirofilaria immitis Aspartyl Protease Inhibitor Homologue Is a Diagnostic Marker for Feline Heartworm Infections (1998)

Feline heartworm disease, caused by the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis, has been diagnosed with increased frequency in areas endemic for canine heartworm infection. The routine methods for determining the infection status of dogs, such as identification of circulating microfilariae in blood or identification of circulating antigen in serum, plasma or blood, have proven inadequate for screening cats. The inadequacies are due to the likelihood of single-sex infections and clinical disease during prepatent infections. Current antibody detection methodologies rely on crude or partially purified worm antigen preparations that may result in poor specificity. This report describes the cloning, expression, and diagnostic utility of the D. immitis homologue (PDi33) of the Onchocerca volvulus aspartyl protease inhibitor (Ov33). PDi33 is present in all stages that occur in the mammalian host (microfilariae, L3, L4, adult males, and females) and is released by adults cultured in vitro. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody to recombinant PDi33 as a diagnostic marker for infection in cats was very sensitive and was useful for identifying prepatent infections. Testing of sera from cats infected with common gastrointestinal parasites also indicated excellent specificity. The same ELISA in dogs, although demonstrating reasonable sensitivity and specificity, appeared to be of less value as compared with the currently accepted antigen detection methodologies.
Machine Learning Controlled Self-Adaptive Plasma Medicine (2020)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) medicine is a novel technology of drug delivery that potentially has diverse applications including cancer treatment, tissue generation, sterilization, and blood coagulation <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . Previously, we proposed an idea of self-adaptive plasma which can automatically optimize the plasma parameters such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) to immune the dynamic environmental disturbance and target status <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,3</sup> . As the next step of self-adaptive plasma, a machine-learning based plasma control system is required.
A new UHF deployable antenna for cubeSats (2015)

This paper discusses the design of a new conical log spiral antenna that can operate at UHF frequencies. The antenna constitutes a suitable candidate for deployment on top of a 6U CubeSat system. The conical log spiral is designed to operate between 300 MHz and 600 MHz and exhibit circular polarization as well as an acceptable gain. The antenna is also required to satisfy size constraints by being compactly folded during launch and deployed successfully once in orbit.
Point spread function by random phase reference in collinear holographic storage (2009)

We use a paraxial approximating solution to calculate the point spread function of the collinear holographic storage system and show that the point spread function can be dramatically enhanced by the reference pattern with random binary phase modulation or random phase modulation.
Pathogenic autoantibody production requires loss of tolerance against desmoglein 3 in both T and B cells in experimental pemphigus vulgaris (2002)

Mechanisms of tolerance break against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) producing pathogenic anti-Dsg3 IgG autoantibodies are unclear. In this study, using a novel PV mouse model involving Dsg3 knockout mice, we investigated the mechanisms leading to production of autoantibodies against Dsg3. Adoptive transfer of Dsg3(-/-) splenocytes immunized with recombinant mouse Dsg3 to Rag2(-/-) recipient mice expressing Dsg3 resulted in the stable production of anti-Dsg3 IgG and development of PV phenotypes including oral erosions with suprabasilar acantholysis. When purified T and B cells from Dsg3(-/-), Dsg3(+/-) or Dsg3(+/+) mice were mixed with various combinations and transferred to Rag2(-/-) mice, pathogenic anti-Dsg3 IgG production was observed only with a combination of Dsg3(-/-) T and Dsg3(-/-) B cells but not with the other combinations. These results suggest that loss of tolerance against Dsg3 in both B and T cells is important for the development of autoimmune state of PV.
Structural and functional characterization of Kv6.2 a new gamma-subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. (1999)

We have cloned and functionally expressed Kv6.2, a new member of the Kv6 subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channel subunits. The human Kv6.2 (KCNF2) gene was mapped at 18q22-18q23. Kv6.2 mRNA is preferentially expressed in rat and human myocard. Rat and human Kv6.2 subunits appear to be unable to form functional Kv channels in a heterologous expression system, but, when coexpressed with Kv2.1 alpha subunits, heteromultimeric Kv channels were formed mediating voltage-activated delayed-rectifier type outward currents. Their kinetics and conductance-voltage relationship were different from those mediated by homomultimeric Kv2.1 channels. Yeast two-hybrid reporter assays indicated that Kv6.2 amino-termini are able to interact specifically with the Kv2.1 amino-terminus. It is proposed that this protein protein interaction underlies Kv2.1/Kv6.2 subunit assembly and the expression of functional heteromultimeric Kv2.1/Kv6.2 channels. The most resiliant feature of the Kv2.1/Kv6.2 channels was their submicromolar sensitivity to the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone. The data suggest that delayed-rectifier type channels containing Kv6.2 subunits may contribute to cardiac action potential repolarization.
Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activity of New Azine‐Bridged Dinuclear Platinum(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes − a New Class of Anticancer Compounds (2003)

Abstract A recently described new class of dinuclear platinum anticancer compounds, represented so far by the isomeric azine‐bridged complexes [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐pzn)]Cl 2 ( 1 ) (pzn = pyrazine), [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐pmn)]Cl 2 ( 2 ) (pmn = pyrimidine) and [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐pdn)](NO 3 ) 2 ( 3 ) (pdn = pyridazine), has been added to. Three new dinuclear complexes of this type, [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐2,5pzn)]Cl 2 ( 4 ) (2,5pzn = 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine), [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐qzn)]Cl 2 ( 5 ) (qzn = quinazoline), and [{ cis ‐Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl} 2 (µ‐pht)](NO 3 ) 2 ( 6 ) (pht = phthalazine), have been newly synthesized and characterized by 1 H and 195 Pt NMR spectroscopy. The interaction of the new compounds with 2 equiv. of 9EtG in D 2 O at 310 K has been investigated. Complexes 4 and 5 undergo substitution of both chloride ligands by 9EtG similarly to the related complexes 1 and 2 , respectively. The methyl substituents on the pyrazine ring induce steric hindrance in 4 resulting in a slower reaction rate as compared to 1 . Similarly to the case of 3 , interaction of complex 6 with 9EtG results in cleavage of the Pt−N(pht) bond and subsequent formation of the polymeric species. A cytotoxicity assay of 4 − 6 has been performed on seven human tumor cell lines and on L1210 murine leukemia cell lines, sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibit lower cytotoxicity than the analogous complexes with unsubstituted azines. Complex 6 is more active: its cytotoxicity in the L1210 cell lines is similar to that of cisplatin. Analysis of nuclear DNA fragmentation in L1210 cells treated with the azine‐bridged complexes 1 − 6 has been carried out. The results clearly indicate induction of apoptosis by all the compounds, implying considerable anticancer potential. The structure‐activity relationship for this class of dinuclear platinum( II ) complexes is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Semipermeable parylene membrane as an artificial Bruch's membrane (2011)

This paper investigates the feasibility of a mesh-supported submicron-thick semipermeable parylene-C membrane as an artificial Bruch's membrane for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). First, the permeabilities of parylene-C membranes with different thickness were measured and the results showed that as-deposited 0.30μm-thick parylene-C, which has a similar permeability to biological Bruch's membrane, is a good candidate to replace the diseased Bruch's membrane. This was further validated by perfusion cell culture experiments, in which nutrients were supplied to the cultured cells only by permeation through the submicron membrane. It was also found that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells could grow and well-polarize with normal morphology on the membrane Finally, the implantation of the submicron-thick membrane (with in vitro cultured RPE cells) into rat's retina was successfully done with the help of a parylene-C/SU-8 microsurgical tool, and the following histological study of the retina showed that the reported thin parylene-C membrane could be a promissing RPE substrate candidate for further study.
A Toolkit for Generating Code Knowledge Graphs (2021)

Knowledge graphs have been proven extremely useful in powering diverse applications in semantic search and natural language understanding. In this work, we present GraphGen4Code, a toolkit to build code knowledge graphs that can similarly power various applications such as program search, code understanding, bug detection, and code automation. GraphGen4Code uses generic techniques to capture code semantics with the key nodes in the graph representing classes, functions and methods. Edges indicate function usage (e.g., how data flows through function calls, as derived from program analysis of real code), and documentation about functions (e.g., code documentation, usage documentation, or forum discussions such as StackOverflow). Our toolkit uses named graphs in RDF to model graphs per program, or can output graphs as JSON. We show the scalability of the toolkit by applying it to 1.3 million Python files drawn from GitHub, 2,300 Python modules, and 47 million forum posts. This results in an integrated code graph with over 2 billion triples. We make the toolkit to build such graphs as well as the sample extraction of the 2 billion triples graph publicly available to the community for use.