gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Surface‐Enhanced Raman Imaging of Latent Fingerprints* (2010)

Exposure to light or heat, or simply a dearth of fingerprint material, renders some latent fingerprints undetectable using conventional methods. We begin to address such elusive fingerprints using detection targeting photo- and thermally stable fingerprint constituents: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS can give descriptive vibrational spectra of amino acids, among other robust fingerprint constituents, and good sensitivity can be attained by improving metal-dielectric nanoparticle substrates. With SERS chemical imaging, vibrational bands' intensities recreate a visual of fingerprint topography. The impact of nanoparticle synthesis route, dispersal methodology-deposition solvent, and laser wavelength are discussed, as are data from enhanced vibrational spectra of fingerprint components. SERS and Raman chemical images of fingerprints and realistic contaminants are shown. To our knowledge, this represents the first SERS imaging of fingerprints. In conclusion, this work progresses toward the ultimate goal of vibrationally detecting latent prints that would otherwise remain undetected using traditional development methods.
2-Cyanoacrylates. Synthesis, properties and applications (1997)

Methods for the synthesis, properties and applications of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates are surveyed. The reactions of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates with various nucleophiles (thiols, alcohols, diols, hydrogen sulfide, phosphines, etc.) including a new reaction involving insertion of isocyanates and isothiocyanates into the C=C bonds in the adducts of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates with trialkylphosphines are considered. The prospects for the use of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates in organic synthesis, in the chemistry of polymers and in the chemistry of adhesives are described. The bibliography includes 117 references.
Fast Timing Silicon Photomultipliers for Scintillation Detectors (2013)

A new silicon photomultiplier is fabricated for fast timing applications by SensL Technologies Ltd. This new family of silicon photomultiplier, herein referred to as fast SPM devices, is fabricated with a third terminal that has a low output capacitance to improve timing performance. Two fast SPMs (an N-on-P type and a prototype P-on-N type) are assessed for energy and timing performances in scintillation detectors. When coupled with L(Y)SO:Ce crystals, the optimal energy resolutions for the 511 keV photon peak are 13.7% and 13.1%, whereas coincidence resolving times (CRTs) of 184±5 and 157±3 ps are attained with 2 × 2 × 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> crystals for the N-on-P and P-on-N devices, respectively. For longer crystals (3 × 3 × 20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) , more relevant for positron emission tomography, the CRTs are 298±9 and 234±6 ps for the two SPM types, respectively, a significant improvement from standard SPM devices.
Adaptive noise suppression for a dual-microphone hearing aid: Supresión adaptativa del ruido para un auxiliar auditivo con micrófono dual (2002)

An adaptive beamformer for behind-the-ear dual-microphone hearing aids has been optimized for speech intelligibility enhancement in the presence of disturbing sounds or noise. The noise reduction approach is based on the scheme presented by Vanden Berghe and Wouters (1998). A real-time implementation of the signal processing is realized in Audallion, a wearable, small digital signal processing (DSP) platform. After physical evaluation, speech-in-noise intelligibility tests have been carried out on three normally-hearing and two hearing-impaired subjects. A significant speech reception threshold improvement of 11.3 dB was obtained in a moderately reverberant environment for one jammer sound source (steady speech-weighted noise or multi-talker babble) in a direction of 90 degrees relative to the direction of the speech.
An interactive 360° light field display (2007)

While a great deal of computer generated imagery is modeled and rendered in 3D, the vast majority of this 3D imagery is shown on 2D displays. Various forms of 3D displays have been contemplated and constructed for at least one hundred years [Lippman 1908], but only recent evolutions in digital capture, computation, and display have made functional and practical 3D displays possible.
Estimates of Multiscattered Contributions to Lidar Returns Using Multi-Field-of-View Lidar Measurements (1991)

It is well known that backscatter lidar signals contain a multiscattered component. In many cases, especially when the optical depth along the lidar path is low, the magnitude of the multiscattered component is negligible. In some cases the multiscattered component may be significant, making the classical single scattering lidar equation inappropriate for interpretation of the lidar signal. In general, it is difficult to know whether or not multiscattered contributions are important without more information than is provided by a conventional single field-of-view (FOV) lidar.
A New Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Obtained from Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as a siRNA Vector for CD44 Receptor Tumor Targeting (2015)

Two derivatives of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), starting from an ethylenediamino HA derivative (HA-EDA) and by using diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) as a monomer for polymerization. Both samples, indicated as HA-EDA-pDEAEMA a and b, are able to condense siRNA, as determined by gel retardation assay and resulting complexes show a size and a zeta potential value dependent on polymerization number, as determined by dynamic light scattering measurements. In vitro studies performed on HCT 116 cell line, that over express CD44 receptor, demonstrate a receptor mediated uptake of complexes, regardless of their surface charge.
Quantitative determination of minerals in Nevada Test Site samples by x-ray diffraction (1983)

The external standard intensity ratio technique has been developed into a routine procedure for quantitatively determining mineralogic compositions of Nevada Test Site (NTS) samples by x-ray diffraction. This technique used ratios of x-ray intensity peaks from the same run which eliminates many possible errors. Constants have been determined for each of thirteen minerals commonly found in NTS samples - quartz, montmorillonite, illite, clinoptilolite, cristobalite, feldspars, calcite, dolomite, hornblende, kaolinite, muscovite, biotite, and amorphous glass. Ratios of the highest intensity peak of each mineral to be quantified in the sample and the highest intensity peak of quartz are used to calculate sample composition. The technique has been tested on samples with three to eleven components representative of geologic environments at NTS, and is accurate to 7.0 wt % of the total sample. The minimum amount of each of these minerals detectable by x-ray diffraction has also been determined. QUANTS is a computer code that calculates mineral contents and produces a report sheet. Constants for minerals in NTS samples other than those listed above can easily be determined, and added to QUANTS at any time.
Machine Learning Based Early Debris Detection Using Automotive Low Level Radar Data (2023)

Road safety for automated vehicles requires accurate and early detection of stationary objects in the vehicle’s path. Radar can use doppler to effectively identify stationary objects and make these identifications at long range and in severe weather and poor light conditions. In this paper, we propose a radar-based stationary object detection system that combines signal processing techniques with machine learning technology to detect stationary in-path objects from the low level spectra of front looking radars. The proposed system consists of novel signal and image processing methods to extract key features from the raw data, which are fed into a long short-term memory (LSTM) to determine the probability of a stationary object in-lane at each range. Experiments with collected data in controlled and uncontrolled scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
The Use of General Primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction Permits the Detection of a Broad Spectrum of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes (1990)

A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed that permits the detection of 11 different human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes using two general primer sets. By computer-assisted sequence analysis, two pairs of general primers were selected from the conserved L1 open reading frame and tested in the PCR on a set of cloned HPV genotypes. Experimental analysis showed that up to three mismatches between primers and target DNA did not influence the efficiency of the assay. The use of these primers in the PCR enabled the detection of HPV genotypes HPV-1a, -6, -8, -11, -13, -16, -18, -30, -31, -32 and -33, and was also successfully applied to well characterized cervical carcinoma cell lines and clinical samples. For the HPV types tested sub-picogram amounts of cloned DNA could be detected after general primer-mediated PCR and subsequent hybridization. The specificity of the amplification products was confirmed by blot hybridization procedures and RsaI restriction enzyme digestion. The results indicate that this PCR method can be a powerful tool for identifying novel HPV genotypes in dysplasias and squamous cell carcinomas suspected of having an HPV aetiology.
Routes to <i>S</i> -nitroso-hemoglobin formation with heme redox and preferential reactivity in the β subunits (2003)

Previous studies of the interactions of NO with human hemoglobin have implied the predominance of reaction channels that alternatively eliminate NO by converting it to nitrate, or tightly complex it on the alpha subunit ferrous hemes. Both channels could effectively quench NO bioactivity. More recent work has raised the idea that NO groups can efficiently transfer from the hemes to cysteine thiols within the beta subunit (cysbeta-93) to form bioactive nitrosothiols. The regulation of NO function, through its chemical position in the hemoglobin, is supported by response to oxygen and to redox agents that modulate the molecular and electronic structure of the protein. In this article, we focus on reactions in which Fe(III) hemes could provide the oxidative requirements of this NO-group transfer chemistry. We report a detailed investigation of the reductive nitrosylation of human met-Hb, in which we demonstrate the production of S-nitroso (SNO)-Hb through a heme-Fe(III)NO intermediate. The production of SNO-Hb is strongly favored (over nitrite) when NO is gradually introduced in limited total quantities; in this situation, moreover, heme nitrosylation occurs primarily within the beta subunits of the hemoglobin tetramer. SNO-Hb can similarly be produced when Fe(II)NO hemes are subjected to mild oxidation. The reaction of deoxygenated hemoglobin with limited quantities of nitrite leads to the production of beta subunit Fe(II)NO hemes, with SNO-Hb produced on subsequent oxygenation. The common theme of these reactions is the effective coupling of heme-iron and NO redox chemistries. Collectively, they establish a connectivity between hemes and thiols in Hb, through which NO is readily dislodged from storage on the heme to form bioactive SNO-Hb.
A hybrid approach to adapting acoustic and pronunciation models for non-native speech recognition (2009)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid model adaptation approach that combines pronunciation and acoustic model adaptation methods in order to improve the performance of nonnative automatic speech recognition (ASR). Specifically, the hybrid model adaptation can be performed in two ways; at a state-tying level or a triphone-modeling level. In both methods, we first analyze the pronunciation variant rules of non-native speech and then classify each rule as either a pronunciation variant or an acoustic variant. The state-tying level method then adapts pronunciation models by adding variant pronunciations from the non-native speech and acoustic models by tying the states of triphone acoustic models using the acoustic variants. Conversely, the triphone-modeling level method adapts pronunciation models in the same way as the state-tying level method, re-estimates the triphone acoustic models using the adapted pronunciation models, and clusters the states of triphone acoustic models using the acoustic variants. From Korean-spoken English speech-recognition experiments, it is shown that the proposed hybrid acoustic and pronunciation model adaptation approach using the state-tying level method and the triphone-modeling level method can relatively reduce the average word error rates (WERs) by 16.07% and 20.94%, respectively, when compared to a baseline ASR system.
A System Architecture for the Detection of Insider Attacks in Big Data Systems (2017)

In big data systems, the infrastructure is such that large amounts of data are hosted away from the users. In such a system information security is considered as a major challenge. From a customer perspective, one of the big risks in adopting big data systems is in trusting the provider who designs and owns the infrastructure from accessing user data. Yet there does not exist much in the literature on detection of insider attacks. In this work, we propose a new system architecture in which insider attacks can be detected by utilizing the replication of data on various nodes in the system. The proposed system uses a two-step attack detection algorithm and a secure communication protocol to analyze processes executing in the system. The first step involves the construction of control instruction sequences for each process in the system. The second step involves the matching of these instruction sequences among the replica nodes. Initial experiments on real-world hadoop and spark tests show that the proposed system needs to consider only 20 percent of the code to analyze a program and incurs 3.28 percent time overhead. The proposed security system can be implemented and built for any big data system due to its extrinsic workflow.
STARS, a Striated Muscle Activator of Rho Signaling and Serum Response Factor-dependent Transcription (2002)

Changes in actin dynamics influence diverse cellular processes and couple the actin-based cytoskeleton to changes in gene transcription. Members of the Rho GTPase family regulate cytoskeletal organization by stimulating actin polymerization and stress fiber formation when activated by extracellular signaling. The transcriptional activity of serum response factor (SRF) is stimulated in response to changes in actin dynamics and Rho signaling, but the proteins that mediate this phenomenon have not been fully identified. We describe a novel, evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein, called STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), that is expressed specifically in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. STARS binds to the I-band of the sarcomere and to actin filaments in transfected cells, where it activates Rho-signaling events. STARS stimulates the transcriptional activity of SRF through a mechanism that requires actin binding and involves Rho GTPase activation. STARS provides a potential mechanism for specifically enhancing Rho-dependent transcription in muscle cells and for linking changes in actin dynamics to gene transcription.
Control of Flight Altitude of a Small Flapping Robot by Wing Flapping Frequencies (2011)

The purpose of this paper is clarifying the effect of wing motion for the flight of small flying robot without having tail wing. Specifically, we measured the body angle and flight velocity of flying small flying robot at different flapping frequency in range from 7.5 [Hz] to 10.5 [Hz], and clarified the effect of body angle for flight velocity in flights as flapping frequency changes. The small flying robot has large body angle in flight at high flapping frequency. The spatial vertical velocity increases because the body angle increases linearly despite of little change of flight velocity from viewpoint of robot as increasing flapping frequency. Moreover, for this flying robot, flying at larger body angle than body angle of 16 [deg.] is necessary condition for increasing spatial vertical velocity as flapping frequency changes. It indicates that the flight altitude of micro flapping robot is controllable by its flapping frequency.
Genes expressed in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis (2000)

Rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene), an important raw material for many industrial uses, is synthesized in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. We postulated that the genes uniquely or preferentially expressed in the latex may be important for rubber biosynthesis. We constructed cDNA libraries from the latex of H. brasiliensis to investigate the genes expressed in the latex by single-run partial sequencing of the cDNA clones. Sequence analyses identified 245 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), of which 57% showed homology to previously described sequences in public databases. About 16% of the database-matched ESTs encode rubber biosynthesis-related proteins such as rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP). The second most frequent transcripts next to rubber biosynthesis-related genes were defense genes and protein metabolism-related genes (12.6% each). About 27% of the database-matched ESTs had sequence homology with genes of unknown function. Among the redundantly expressed genes, REF was the most frequently expressed (6.1%), followed by SRPP (3.7%) and HbLAR (2.9%). Northern blot analyses showed that ten (71%) of the 14 ESTs studied were expressed at a higher level in latex than in leaves.
Carbon dioxide removal using low bicarbonate dialysis in rodents (2019)

Bicarbonate dialysis removes CO<sub>2</sub> at rates comparable to existing low-flow ECCO<sub>2</sub>R.
Virtual Hypervisor: Enabling fair and economical resource partitioning in cloud environments (2010)

Virtualization has rapidly gained popularity affecting multiple levels of computing stack. Since it decouples resources from their users it provides greater flexibility in terms of resource allocation but also brings new challenges for optimal design, provisioning and runtime management of systems. Cloud computing is a paradigm of computing that offers virtualized resources “as a service.” Cloud Managers are responsible for lifecycle management of virtual resources, efficient utilization of physical resources and exposing basic operational APIs to users. Software solutions can then be deployed on these virtual resources. In this paper we propose a Virtual Hypervisor abstraction allowing solution managers to have an improved control over the resource allocation decisions regarding their virtual machines while maintaining cloud manager's role as the ultimate physical resource manager. We also introduce a novel resource allocation algorithm illustrating how the Virtual Hypervisor abstraction can be efficiently realized by the global cloud manager. We also use simulations to illustrate that our algorithm can be used to achieve fairer resource sharing and isolation across different Virtual Hypervisors.
Dynamics and swing control of mobile boom cranes subject to wind disturbances (2013)

Operating cranes is challenging because payloads can experience large and dangerous oscillations. The oscillations are induced by both intentional motions commanded by the human operator and by external disturbances. Although significant progress has been achieved by using command shaping to reduce operator‐induced vibration, less success has been achieved on reducing oscillations induced by external disturbances, such as wind. The disturbance‐rejection task is more challenging because it requires accurate sensing of the crane payload. This study presents a combined command shaping and feedback control architecture. The input shaper eliminates the payload oscillation caused by human‐operator commands, and the feedback controller reduces the effect of wind gusts. Simulations of a large range of motions are used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of boom cranes using the proposed controller. Experimental results obtained from a small‐scale boom crane validate the simulated dynamic behaviour and the effectiveness of the controller.
Generation and Selection of Novel Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Neutralize Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) Inhibitory Function in Vitro and Increase Bone Mass in Vivo (2010)

Wnt/LRP5 signaling is a central regulatory component of bone formative and resorptive activities, and the pathway inhibitor DKK1 is a suppressor of bone formation and bone mass accrual in mice. In addition, augmented DKK1 levels are associated with high bone turnover in diverse low bone mass states in rodent models and disease etiologies in human. However, examination of the precise role of DKK1 in the normal skeleton and in higher species requires the development of refined DKK1-specific pharmacological tools. Here, we report the strategy resulting in isolation of a panel of fully human anti-DKK1 antibodies applicable to studies interrogating the roles of mouse, rhesus, and human DKK1. Selected anti-DKK1 antibodies bind primate and human DKK-1 with picomolar affinities yet do not appreciably bind to DKK2 or DKK4. Epitopes mapped within the DKK1 C-terminal domain necessary for interaction with LRP5/6 and consequently effectively neutralized DKK1 function in vitro. When introduced into naïve normal growing female mice, IgGs significantly improved trabecular bone volume and structure and increased both trabecular and cortical bone mineral densities in a dose-related fashion. Furthermore, fully human DKK1-IgG displayed favorable pharmacokinetic parameters in non-human primates. In summary, we demonstrate here a rate-limiting function of physiologic DKK1 levels in the regulation of bone mass in intact female mice, amendable to specific pharmacologic neutralization by newly identified DKK1-IgGs. Importantly the fully human IgGs display a profile of attributes that recommends their testing in higher species and their use in evaluating DKK1 function in relevant disease models.
A sensory valve in liposomal drug delivery systems. (2005)

A mechano-gated membrane channel protein is used as a controllable, nonselective, large, aqueous pore in sterically stabilized liposomal drug delivery systems. The channel protein is engineered first to sense the light and/or the pH under iso-osmotic conditions, and then to convert these signals into conformational changes ultimately leading to pore formation in the drug loaded liposomes. This system offers not only the target specific drug delivery but also control over the timing of the delivery.