gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsaturated Poly(ester-urethanes) with Stereochemically Dependent Thermomechanical Properties (2019)

Polymer crystallinity is known to be dependent upon backbone stereochemistry, and this concept has emerged as an effective means of altering bulk material properties. Herein we describe a simple, step-growth polymerization to synthesize unsaturated poly(ester-urethane)s using the thiol-Michael addition reaction. The absolute control of alkene stereochemistry (0–100% trans content) in the polymer backbone was achieved by varying the cis/trans double bond content of the monomer feedstock. In turn, the crystallinity of the polymer was systematically varied which manifested in control over the resultant tensile properties such as Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break. Generally, the crystallinity and tensile strength were positively correlated with increasing trans double bond content within the polymer.
Formation of metastable compounds and magnetic properties in rapidly quenched (Fe1−<i>x</i> Co<i>x</i>)5Sm and (Fe1−<i>x</i>Co<i>x</i>)7Sm2 alloy systems (1988)

The formation of metastable (TM)5Sm and (TM)7Sm2 (TM=Fe-Co) compounds and their magnetic properties have been investigatyed by the x-ray diffraction method and analysis of thermomagnetization curves for rapidly quenched (Fe1−x Cox)5Sm and (Fe1−x Cox)7Sm2 (0≤x≤1.0) alloys. The (Fe1−x Cox)5Sm compound is formed with a single phase in the range 0.7≤x≤1.0 and a mixture with other stable compounds in other composition range. On the other hand, the metastable (TM)7Sm2 compound exists in the mixed state with a large amount of (TM)3Sm stable compound in the range 0.7≤x≤1.0. The single phase (RM)5Sm compound exhibits a huge coercivity of 5–14 kOe.
Preparation and degradation of salts of poly(methacrylic acid). I. Lithium, sodium, potassium, and caesium salts (1978)

Abstract The polymers of lithium, sodium, potassium, and caesium salts of methacrylic acid have been prepared by free radical polymerization of the respective monomers in methanol solution. The degradation behavior of the polymers has been investigated by thermal volatilization analysis, thermogravimetry, and product analysis. These materials are stable to about 350°C under programmed heating at 10°C/min in vacuo . The principal degradation products are monomer, the corresponding isobutyrate, carbonate, oxide, carbon dioxide, and a fraction of liquid volatiles that is complex and contains a variety of aldehydes and ketones. The mechanism of degradation is discussed in detail.
Techno-economic assessment of hybrid extraction and distillation processes for furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass (2017)

Butyl chloride was found to be the most suitable solvent for the hybrid extraction/distillation process of furfural production. The proposed hybrid sequence was more favorable than the traditional distillation process when the methanol fraction of the feed stream was <3% and more benefit could be obtained when that fraction decreased.
Achondroplasia‐hypochondroplasia complex (1987)

We report on a 14-year-old girl with the achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia complex. This patient has been reported previously [McKusick et al, 1973], and we offer an update on her condition. The patient has clinical features different from both achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia and is mentally retarded. Radiological changes, which have occurred over 14 years, are included.
A computational method for identifying an optimal combination of existing drugs to repair the action potentials of SQT1 ventricular myocytes (2021)

Mutations are known to cause perturbations in essential functional features of integral membrane proteins, including ion channels. Even restricted or point mutations can result in substantially changed properties of ion currents. The additive effect of these alterations for a specific ion channel can result in significantly changed properties of the action potential (AP). Both AP shortening and AP prolongation can result from known mutations, and the consequences can be life-threatening. Here, we present a computational method for identifying new drugs utilizing combinations of existing drugs. Based on the knowledge of theoretical effects of existing drugs on individual ion currents, our aim is to compute optimal combinations that can 'repair' the mutant AP waveforms so that the baseline AP-properties are restored. More specifically, we compute optimal, combined, drug concentrations such that the waveforms of the transmembrane potential and the cytosolic calcium concentration of the mutant cardiomyocytes (CMs) becomes as similar as possible to their wild type counterparts after the drug has been applied. In order to demonstrate the utility of this method, we address the question of computing an optimal drug for the short QT syndrome type 1 (SQT1). For the SQT1 mutation N588K, there are available data sets that describe the effect of various drugs on the mutated K+ channel. These published findings are the basis for our computational analysis which can identify optimal compounds in the sense that the AP of the mutant CMs resembles essential biomarkers of the wild type CMs. Using recently developed insights regarding electrophysiological properties among myocytes from different species, we compute optimal drug combinations for hiPSC-CMs, rabbit ventricular CMs and adult human ventricular CMs with the SQT1 mutation. Since the 'composition' of ion channels that form the AP is different for the three types of myocytes under consideration, so is the composition of the optimal drug.
The good healer (2012)

Wind was up. Strong enough to lift the dust off Tinkerton's only road. McNally squinted against the grit. Breathed through his nose. Smelled bacon fat. Some time after greasing his holster he must have touched his moustache. The scent was distracting but McNally would not raise a hand to wipe it gone. Eighty yards ahead stood Moss Skilbeck with a Peacemaker that had killed three men for certain, and was rumoured to have taken the lives of as many as six others...
Activation of a DNA Damage Checkpoint Response in a TAF1-Defective Cell Line (2004)

Although the link between transcription and DNA repair is well established, defects in the core transcriptional complex itself have not been shown to elicit a DNA damage response. Here we show that a cell line with a temperature-sensitive defect in TBP-associated factor 1 (TAF1), a component of the TFIID general transcription complex, exhibits hallmarks of an ATR-mediated DNA damage response. Upon inactivation of TAF1, ATR rapidly localized to subnuclear foci and contributed to the phosphorylation of several downstream targets, including p53 and Chk1, resulting in cell cycle arrest. The increase in p53 expression and the G(1) phase arrest could be blocked by caffeine, an inhibitor of ATR. In addition, dominant negative forms of ATR but not ATM were able to override the arrest in G(1). These results suggest that a defect in TAF1 can elicit a DNA damage response.
Crystal Structures of Prethrombin-2 Reveal Alternative Conformations under Identical Solution Conditions and the Mechanism of Zymogen Activation (2011)

Prethrombin-2 is the immediate zymogen precursor of the clotting enzyme thrombin, which is generated upon cleavage at R15 and separation of the A chain and catalytic B chain. The X-ray structure of prethrombin-2 determined in the free form at 1.9 Å resolution shows the 215-217 segment collapsed into the active site and occluding 49% of the volume available for substrate binding. Remarkably, some of the crystals harvested from the same crystallization well, under identical solution conditions, diffract to 2.2 Å resolution in the same space group but produce a structure in which the 215-217 segment moves >5 Å and occludes 24% of the volume available for substrate binding. The two alternative conformations of prethrombin-2 have the side chain of W215 relocating >9 Å within the active site and are relevant to the allosteric E*-E equilibrium of the mature enzyme. Another unanticipated feature of prethrombin-2 bears on the mechanism of prothrombin activation. R15 is found buried within the protein in ionic interactions with E14e, D14l, and E18, thereby making its exposure to solvent necessary for proteolytic attack and conversion to thrombin. On the basis of this structural observation, we constructed the E14eA/D14lA/E18A triple mutant to reduce the level of electrostatic coupling with R15 and promote zymogen activation. The mutation causes prethrombin-2 to spontaneously convert to thrombin, without the need for the snake venom ecarin or the physiological prothrombinase complex.
RF Cavity Development for the PEP-II B Factory (1992)

This paper describes the development of an RF cavity design for the proposed PEP-II asymmetric B factory.The high luminosity required of PEP-II provides challenges in the design of the RF cavities, most notably in the reduced higherorder mode (HOM) impedances that must be attained and in the power that must be dissipated in the cavity walls.This paper outlines the goals set in these regards, describes how the cavity has been developed to meet them, and presents the results of measurements on a lowpower test model built to verify the HOM damping scheme.
Mechanism of chromate reduction by the <i>Escherichia coli</i> protein, NfsA, and the role of different chromate reductases in minimizing oxidative stress during chromate reduction (2004)

Chromate [Cr(VI)] is a serious environmental pollutant, which is amenable to bacterial bioremediation. NfsA, the major oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase of Escherichia coli, is a flavoprotein that is able to reduce chromate to less soluble and less toxic Cr(III). We show that this process involves single-electron transfer, giving rise to a flavin semiquinone form of NfsA and Cr(V) as intermediates, which redox cycle, generating more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than a divalent chromate reducer, YieF. However, NfsA generates less ROS than a known one-electron chromate reducer, lipoyl dehydrogenase (LpDH), suggesting that NfsA employs a mixture of uni- and di-valent electron transfer steps. The presence of YieF, ChrR (another chromate reductase we previously characterized), or NfsA in an LpDH-catalysed chromate reduction reaction decreased ROS generation by c. 65, 40, or 20%, respectively, suggesting that these enzymes can pre-empt ROS generation by LpDH. We previously showed that ChrR protects Pseudomonas putida against chromate toxicity; here we show that NfsA or YieF overproduction can also increase the tolerance of E. coli to this compound.
Leaking Sensitive Information in Complex Document Files--and How to Prevent It (2014)

Complex document formats such as PDF and Microsoft's Compound File Binary Format can contain information that is hidden but recoverable, as a result of text highlighting, cropping, or the embedding of high-resolution JPEG images. Private information can be released inadvertently if these files are distributed in electronic form. Simple experiments involving the creation of test documents can determine whether a particular program embeds hidden information.
Experimental Investigation of a Passive Deployable/Stowable Radiator (2009)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Computational Study of Supersonic Flow Over a Flat Plate With Protrusion (2023)

Motivated by a developmental approach of using micro-actuated surface protrusions to control/maneuver slender bodies in supersonic flight, this paper presents a detailed study of a two dimensional laminar supersonic flow over a flat plate with a surface protrusion. The flow field is computed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the finite difference method with the particle velocity upwinding scheme (PVUS) for spatial discretization, and the explicit Mac Cormack scheme for temporal integration. A range of free stream Mach numbers (2.0 - 4.5), Reynolds numbers (1000 - 100000) and protrusion heights (0.866% to 8.66% of the characteristic length) has been considered for a thorough parametric study. The parametric study indicates that the oblique shock structure and strength are influenced by all the variables to varying extents. However, the shock location is substantially altered by the protrusion height, Reynolds number, and protrusion shape, while the influence of Mach number is only marginal. An increase in the protrusion height results in an increased wall pressure as well as increased separation lengths on both sides of the protrusion. In contrast, an increase in Mach number increases the wall pressure, but moves the separation point marginally towards the protrusion. Increase in Reynolds number and protrusion bluffness (triangular → trapezoidal → rectangular) increases separation lengths on both sides of the protrusion. In addition to taking a close look at the flow physics, particularly in the protrusion vicinity, considerable attention has also been devoted to important design parameters such as wall pressure, skin friction and the overall normal and tangential force coefficients.
A closed-loop noncoherent pseudo-noise acquisition scheme for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems (2002)

We propose a closed-loop noncoherent Pseudo-Noise (PN) acquisition scheme for Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DS/SS) systems using an auxiliary sequence, previously used for coherent acquisition. The proposed scheme consists of an alignment detection and a VCC loop for updating the local PN signal and the direction of update. The performance of the proposed scheme is obtained by simulation and compared with the noncoherent fixed-dwell serial scheme. Results show that the proposed scheme acquires approximately three to four times faster than the conventional noncoherent serial scheme.
Characterization of tantalum silicide films formed by composite sputtering and rapid thermal annealing (1992)

Tantalum silicide films are prepared from a composite target source and subjected to rapid thermal annealing(, 20sec) in Ar ambient. The formation and the properties of tantalum silicides have been investigated by using 4-point probe, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope(SEM), Auger electron spectroscope(AES), and -step. It has been found that the sample annealed above forms a polycrystalline phase, and grains grow in granular form regardless of the kind of substrates. The mechanism of the formation of tantalum silicide is the nucleation and growth by Ta-Si short range reaction. The tantalum silicide film has the relatively low resistivity() and smooth surface roughness.
Gamma knife radiosurgery in neuro-ophthalmology (2003)

Gamma knife radiosurgery remains a compelling treatment for lesions of the cavernous sinus, pineal, and sellar regions and offers increasing applicability for ocular conditions such as uveal melanoma and glaucoma.
Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Pyrimidine Moieties (2012)

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel beta-methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds (1a-1h) exhibited potent antifungal activities against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 mu g/mL. Exhilaratingly, compound 1d (R=3-trifluoromethylphenyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.
Roentgen stereophotogrammetry. A method for the study of the kinematics of the skeletal system. (1989)

I have developed a roentgen stereophotogrammetric method for determination of positions of radiopaque markers in an object. The space coordinates are determined in a laboratory coordinate system, which is defined by markers in a test "cage". The markers in the test cage function as calibration points, and are roentgenographed on the same film(s) as the object. Calibration markers and object markers are exposed from two roentgen foci. The cage markers, are in their function, of two kinds, of which one (fiducial marks) is used for projective transformations of the image points to the laboratory coordinate system, while the other (control points) is used for determining the roentgen foci positions in the same coordinate system. After these calculations have been performed, the three-dimensional coordinates of object indicators are determined by crossing of lines between the roentgen foci and the transformed image points. The mathematical principles for the reconstruction of the bundles of rays from the roentgen foci at the moment of exposure are discussed in Chapter 2. Three constructions of test cages, Models 1A and 1B, and Model 2 are also discussed there. In Test Cage Model 1, the two exposures of the object are obtained on one film, but in Model 2 we expose on two films that are perpendicular to each other. The three cage models are, in turn, intended for high-accuracy determinations of lengths (Model 1A), general determinations of space coordinates, especially in larger objects (Model 1B), and high-accuracy determinations of space coordinates in medium-sized objects (Model 1B), and high-accuracy determinations of space coordinates in medium-sized objects (Model 1B). Note, that if the positions of the roentgen foci and the film are not altered, we can roentgenograph the calibration points separately on a film, and then, after removal of the test cage, roentgenograph the object on the same film. The calibration of the test cages is discussed in Chapter 3. To determine coordinates of markers in a plane is easy, if a rectangular coordinatograph is accessible, and we use the same instrument as for the measurements of the films, a Wild Autograph A8. Determination of the position in space of the plate with control points in relation to the plate with fiducial marks requires more consideration. We describe how the degrees of freedom of the plate with control points (translations in x- and y-directions, rotation angle phi about a z-axis), which are difficult to control at construction of the test cages, can be determined by specific calibration procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The role of 13 cis-retinoic acid in the remission induction of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (1986)

The addition of retinoic acid to human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture results in their differentiation to mature myeloid forms with acquisition of the differentiated phenotype, i.e., the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. A heavily pretreated patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and residual malignant cells in his marrow after multiple courses of chemotherapy was given 13-cis-retinoic acid upon demonstration of both morphologic and functional differentiation of his leukemic cells by transretinoic acid in vitro. The patient achieved a complete remission and was maintained on 13-cis-retinoic acid for 1 year, when the patient relapsed with a population of cells that were resistant to retinoic acid-induced differentiation.
The Role of Low-Frequency Plasmons in Molecular Adsorption:  A Theoretical and Spectroscopic Study of Gold and Titanium Compounds (2008)

We explore the question of whether surface plasmons arising from metallic nanostructures can be used advantageously to affect binding interactions of adsorbed molecules, specifically, the adsorption of dihydrogen leading to enhanced binding energies under ambient conditions. To begin to address this question, we report a systematic, theoretical survey of the plasmon spectra of gold (AuLi, AuNa2, AuB2, AuAl2, AuGa2, and AuIn2) and titanium (TiB2) compounds, examining closely the low-frequency characteristics of these spectra in relation to crystal structure. First-principle calculations of the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function were performed, and the energy-loss function was derived. These calculations show that most of the compounds give rise to low-intensity, plasmon-like modes at low frequencies and can be attributed to interband transitions between states lying close to the Fermi level. We further determined experimentally whether these plasmon-like modes are excited at low frequencies from clusters of two gold compounds (AuLi and AuAl2) by measuring surface-enhancement effects in the near-infrared Raman spectrum. Strong surface-enhancement effects were indeed observed, and we report the first observation of near-infrared, surface-enhanced Raman from compounds of this kind.
Analysis and optimization of pausible clocking based GALS design (2009)

Pausible clocking based globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous (GALS) system design has been proven a promising approach to SoCs and NoCs. In this paper, we analyze the throughput reduction and synchronization failures introduced by the widely used pausible clocking scheme, and propose an optimized scheme for higher throughput and more reliable GALS design. The local clock generator is improved to minimize the acknowledge latency, and a novel input port is applied to maximize the safe timing region for the clock tree insertion. Simulation results using the IHP 0.13-µm standard CMOS process demonstrate that up to one-third increase in data throughput and an almost doubled safe timing region for clock tree distribution can be achieved in comparison to the traditional pausible clocking scheme.
3D Bioprinted In Vitro Metastatic Models via Reconstruction of Tumor Microenvironments (2019)

The development of 3D in vitro models capable of recapitulating native tumor microenvironments could improve the translatability of potential anticancer drugs and treatments. Here, 3D bioprinting techniques are used to build tumor constructs via precise placement of living cells, functional biomaterials, and programmable release capsules. This enables the spatiotemporal control of signaling molecular gradients, thereby dynamically modulating cellular behaviors at a local level. Vascularized tumor models are created to mimic key steps of cancer dissemination (invasion, intravasation, and angiogenesis), based on guided migration of tumor cells and endothelial cells in the context of stromal cells and growth factors. The utility of the metastatic models for drug screening is demonstrated by evaluating the anticancer efficacy of immunotoxins. These 3D vascularized tumor tissues provide a proof-of-concept platform to i) fundamentally explore the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis, and ii) preclinically identify therapeutic agents and screen anticancer drugs.
Sparse Seismic Deconvolution by Method of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (2010)

The method of orthogonal matching pursuit is used to solve the sparse deterministic deconvolution problem for poststack seismic data. A description of the theory is given and algorithmic implementation is discussed. This method is then applied to synthetic and real data. The orthogonal matching pursuit method, like other sparse spike techniques, produces high apparent resolution (spiky appearance) in the output. What value this and other such sparse spike estimators might bring to stratigraphic interpretation, if any, is still under assessment.