gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.18V charge-pumped DFF with 50.8% energy-delay reduction for near-/sub-threshold circuits (2013)

This paper presents a 16-transistor charge-pumped DFF featuring a low energy-delay product for near-/sub-threshold applications. The device count of the proposed DFF is minimized by eliminating clock buffer and employing pass gates instead of transmission gates. To reduce the Clock-to-Q delay and improve variation resilience, two charge pumps and an anti-inverse-narrow-width-effect strategy are utilized, improving the performance by 23%. The proposed DFF is fully functional down to 0.18V and shows the energy-delay product of 13.1 pJ·ns at 100% data activity, achieving 51.8% improvement compared to the conventional TGFF. When VDD=0.5V, the energy-delay product is averagely enhanced by 50.8%. Two 256-bit FIFOs are implemented in 180nm CMOS technology using the proposed DFF and TGFF. The FIFO utilizing the charge-pumped DFF exhibits 31.2% total power reduction at subthreshold regime.
High-Yield Intra- and Extracellular Protein Production Using <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (2010)

The Bacillus megaterium protein production system based on the inducible promoter of the xyl operon (P(xylA)) was systematically optimized. Multiple changes in basic promoter elements, such as the -10 and -35 region and the ribosome-binding site, resulted in an 18-fold increase of protein production compared to the production of the previously established system. The production in shaking-flask culture of green fluorescent protein (Gfp) as a model product led to 82.5 mg per g cell dry weight (g(CDW)) or 124 mg liter(-1). In fed-batch cultivation, the volumetric protein yield was increased 10-fold to 1.25 g liter(-1), corresponding to 36.8 mg protein per g(CDW). Furthermore, novel signal peptides for Sec-dependent protein secretion were predicted in silico using the B. megaterium genome. Subsequently, leader peptides of Vpr, NprM, YngK, YocH, and a computationally designed artificial peptide were analyzed experimentally for their potential to facilitate the secretion of the heterologous model protein Thermobifida fusca hydrolase (Tfh). The best extracellular protein production, 5,000 to 6,200 U liter(-1) (5.3 to 6.6 mg liter(-1)), was observed for strains where the Tfh export was facilitated by a codon-optimized leader peptide of YngK and by the signal peptide of YocH. Further increases in extracellular protein production were achieved when leader peptides were used in combination with the optimized expression system. In this case, the greatest extracellular enzyme amount of 7,200 U liter(-1), 7.7 mg liter(-1), was achieved by YocH leader peptide-mediated protein export. Nevertheless, the observed principal limitations in protein export might be related to components of the Sec-dependent protein transport system.
Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol Combined with Cytarabine on Proliferation of HL-60 Cells in Vitro (2008)

Objective:To explore the inhibitory effect of resveratrol (Res) alone or combined with cytarabine on proliferation of HL-60 cells in vitro.Methods:The cell growth inhibition rates of cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) after treatment by Res or cytarabine of different concentration alone for 48 hr.Based on the above results.the agent concentration of cytarabine with the inhibition rate of nearly 15%-30% was chosen and combined with Res.The inhibition rates of cells after treatment by combination of cytarabine with different dosage of Res were also detected bv MTT method.Results:Single agent experiment showed Res or cytarabine alone had significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of cells.The concentration of cytarabine with inhibition rate nearly 15%-30% was 2.5μg/ml.The inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation treated by combination of Res with 2.5μg/ml cytarabine was obviously improved.The difference between that by combination and single medicine was significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Res can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells.Combination of Res with cytarabine can improve the inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation.
Two Examples of Pressure Tuning Spectroscopy in Solid Polymeric Media (2001)

Pressure tuning spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for characterizing electronic excitations, testing theories, and inducing electronic transitions of both scientific and technological significance. In this brief paper we outline two studies involving luminescence of molecules dissolved in solid polymers: (1) Two-photon excitation is a process of importance in the operation of many useful lasers. From our pressure study of Rhodamine B in poly(acrylic acid) , we characterize the differences between the paths for one- and two-photon excitation. (2) Some molecules can assume two different geometries in the excited state and have potential as switching devices. We test a model for the processes involved by showing that the change of the steady-state emission intensity as a function of pressure can be predicted from time-dependent data.
In vitro reconstitution of mevalonate pathway and targeted engineering of farnesene overproduction in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2014)

Approaches using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to overproduce terpenoids, such as the precursors of taxol and artemisinin, in microbial systems have achieved initial success. However, due to the lack of steady-state kinetic information and incomplete understanding of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, it has been difficult to build a highly efficient, universal system. Here, we reconstituted the mevalonate pathway to produce farnesene (a precursor of new jet fuel) in vitro using purified protein components. The information from this in vitro reconstituted system guided us to rationally optimize farnesene production in E. coli by quantitatively overexpressing each component. Targeted proteomic assays and intermediate assays were used to determine the metabolic status of each mutant. Through targeted engineering, farnesene production could be increased predictably step by step, up to 1.1 g/L (∼ 2,000 fold) 96 h after induction at the shake-flask scale. The strategy developed to release the potential of the mevalonate pathway for terpenoid overproduction should also work in other multistep synthetic pathways.
Unix System Programming (1987)

From the Publisher:
The UNIX operating system has become a key part of the technology landscape as we move into the 21st century. There are now a huge number of large-scale data management and transaction-processing systems built on UNIX platforms, and UNIX is at the core of the server backbone of the Internet. 'The new edition of this highly successful book for professional programmers provides a lucid and well structured guide to developing UNIX software in the C language, and has been updated to reflect the more distributed environments typical of current IT solutions. UNIX System Programming concentrates on a detailed study of the UNIX system call interface - the programming interface between the UNIX kernel and application software running in the UNIX environment - and additionally covers some of the more important subroutine libraries.
Features fundamental techniques are developed in depth and are fully supported with program examples highly relevant to the two important standards - the X/OPEN portability guide and the IEEE POSIX standard strong emphasis on exercises and examples throughout New to this edition more on signals and signal handling more on interprocess communication using pipes more on advanced interprocess communications and the terminal whole section on sockets From a wealth of experience of developing system and application software, and a real appreciation of the needs of UNIX system programmers, the authors fully appreciate that computing is not a spectator sport. By exploring both system calls and subroutine libraries they give the reader a practical appreciation of when not to reinvent the wheel, as well as a better understanding of the internal workings of this still elegant operating system.
The Use of Iron in Advanced Oxidation Processes (1996)

Abstract The oxidation of organic compounds by Fe(II)/H
Eukaryotic cells are dynamically ordered or critical but not chaotic (2005)

Two important theoretical approaches have been developed to generically characterize the relationship between the structure and function of large genetic networks: the continuous approach, based on reaction-kinetics differential equations, and the Boolean approach, based on difference equations and discrete logical rules. These two approaches do not always coincide in their predictions for the same system. Nonetheless, both of them predict that the highly nonlinear dynamics exhibited by genetic regulatory systems can be characterized into two broad regimes, to wit, an ordered regime where the system is robust against perturbations, and a chaotic regime where the system is extremely sensitive to perturbations. It has been a plausible and long-standing hypothesis that genomic regulatory networks of real cells operate in the ordered regime or at the border between order and chaos. This hypothesis is indirectly supported by the robustness and stability observed in the phenotypic traits of living organisms under genetic perturbations. However, there has been no systematic study to determine whether the gene-expression patterns of real cells are compatible with the dynamically ordered regimes predicted by theoretical models. Using the Boolean approach, here we show what we believe to be the first direct evidence that the underlying genetic network of HeLa cells appears to operate either in the ordered regime or at the border between order and chaos but does not appear to be chaotic.
Interaction Between Swirl Number Fluctuations and Vortex Shedding in a Single-Nozzle Turbulent Swirling Fully-Premixed Combustor (2013)

Flame response to imposed velocity fluctuations is experimentally measured in a single-nozzle turbulent swirling fully-premixed combustor. The flame transfer function is used to quantify the flame's response to imposed velocity fluctuations. Both the gain and phase of the flame transfer function are qualitatively similar for all operating conditions tested. The flame transfer function gain exhibits alternating regions of decreasing gain with increasing forcing frequency followed by regions of increasing gain with increasing forcing frequency. This alternating behavior gives rise to gain extrema. The flame transfer function phase magnitude increases quasi-linearly with increasing forcing frequency. Deviations from the linear behavior occur in the form of inflection points. Within the field, the current understanding is that the flame transfer function gain extrema are caused by the constructive/destructive interference of swirl number fluctuations and vortex shedding. Phase-synchronized images of forced flames are acquired to investigate the presence/importance of swirl number fluctuations, which manifest as fluctuations in the mean flame position and vortex shedding in this combustor. An analysis of phase-synchronized flame images reveals that mean flame position fluctuations are present at forcing frequencies corresponding to flame transfer function gain minima but not at forcing frequencies corresponding to flame transfer function gain maxima. This observation contradicts the understanding that flame transfer function gain maxima are caused by the constructive interference of mean flame position fluctuations and vortex shedding, since mean flame position fluctuations are shown not to exist at flame transfer function gain maxima. Further analysis of phase-synchronized flame images shows that the variation of the mean flame position fluctuation magnitude with forcing frequency follows an inverse trend to the variation of flame transfer function gain with forcing frequency, i.e., when the mean flame position fluctuation magnitude increases, the flame transfer function gain decreases and vice versa. Based on these observations it is concluded that mean flame position fluctuations are a subtractive effect. The physical mechanism through which mean flame position fluctuations decrease flame response is through the interaction of the flame with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of the mixing layer in the combustor. When mean flame position fluctuations are large the flame moves closer to the mixing layer and damps the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability due to the increased kinematic viscosity, fluid dilatation, and baroclinic production of vorticity with the opposite sign associated with the high temperature reaction zone.
Luminescence, radiation damage, and color center creation in Eu3+-doped Bi4Ge3O12 fiber single crystals (2003)

Doped Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) fiber single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling-down method with the resistance heating system. Optical absorption measurements before and after x-ray irradiation (induced absorption) were performed in order to investigate the radiation damage of the crystals. The Eu3+-doped BGO has shown higher radiation resistance with respect to the equivalently grown undoped BGO fibers. Radio- and photoluminescence characteristics were obtained to clarify the role of Eu3+ in luminescence and scintillation mechanism. Radioluminescence spectra show the intense and slow (decay time of 1.61 ms) D0,15−7Fx(x=0−6) radiative transitions of Eu3+, while the intrinsic BGO emission becomes weaker with respect to the undoped BGO. Photoluminescence decay of the intrinsic BGO emission becomes nonexponential and noticeably faster in Eu-doped samples, which evidences the nonradiative energy transfer from intrinsic emission centers to Eu3+ ions. Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) measurements above room temperature prove that Eu3+ doping strongly influences the concentration of TSL active traps.
Perfectly Alternating Copolymer of Lactic Acid and Ethylene Oxide as a Plasticizing Agent for Polylactide (2001)

The ring-opening polymerization of 3-methyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one (MDO) mediated by a catalytic system composed of Y[N(TMS)2]3 and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) led to a new polymer (PMDO) comprised of perfectly alternating lactic acid and ethylene oxide repeat units. Samples of PMDO were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In a series of MDO polymerizations ([MDO]0 = 3.0 M in toluene, between −30 and 60 °C), the equilibrium monomer concentrations were measured. The thermodynamic parameters for the polymerization reaction were determined: ΔHp° = −12.1 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1 and ΔSp° = −42 ± 2 J mol-1 K-1. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMDO was determined to be ≈−24 °C by differential scanning calorimetry and found to vary little over the molecular weight range studied (3−21 kg/mol). Mixtures of low-molecular-weight PMDO and atactic polylactide (PLA) were prepared by solution casting and subsequent annealing significantly above the Tg's of the individual components. Miscibility of PLA and PMDO was evinced by single Tg's that were well-described by the Fox relationship for miscible blends. Because of its miscibility with PLA and low Tg, PMDO has potential as a macromolecular plasticizing agent for commercially relevant PLA.
Developing Efficient Nucleophilic Fluorination Methods and Application to Substituted Picolinate Esters (2014)

This report describes nucleophilic fluorination of 3 and 5-substituted picolinate ester substrates using potassium fluoride in combination with additive promoters. Agents such as tributylmethylammonium or tetraphenylphosphonium chloride were among the best additives investigated giving improved fluorination yields. Additionally, the choice of additive promoters could influence the potential formation of new impurities such as alkyl ester exchange. Other parameters explored in this study include additive stoichiometry, temperature influence on additive degradation, solvent selection, product isolation by solvent extraction, and demonstration of additive recycling.
A way to accommodate IP services in ATM access networks (2002)

Internetworking with IP networks is not only required for the acceptance of ATM, it is also key to the success of ATM in the next century. Some groups in IETF, ITU-T and the ATM Forum are working on such tasks. They have developed many useful solutions. In this paper, we present a way to accommodate IP services in ATM access networks, excluding additional equipment such as IP routers and avoiding functional addition and modification of ATM backbone network elements. In particular, we introduce accommodation of IP services in a centralized access node system (CANS) that is a multi-service access switch. CANS adopts RFC 1577 classical IP and ARP over ATM as a solution for providing IP services. However, it requires that routers be used between different logical IP subnets (LISs). To overcome this limitation of classical IPOA, we propose an enhanced IPOA mechanism that is an extension of classical IPOA. The proposed mechanism not only is compatible with the classical version, but also provides direct communication capability.
Prospective Analysis of Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF) Concentrations in the Plasma of Women with Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia (2004)

The rise in plasma PlGF levels observed in normal pregnancies is significantly attenuated in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Yet, due to the low sensitivity and specificity, plasma PlGF levels in the second half of pregnancy have no predictive value for the identification of individual women destined to develop preeclampsia.
<title>Registration of SPECT and MR brain images using a fuzzy surface</title> (1996)

Surface (e.g., skin or cortex) based methods to register SPECT and MR images are well known and widely used. Such methods have the disadvantage of needing some kind of segmentation to obtain the surface, which is often a high-level task and possibly error-prone. Also, when reducing the gray-valued images to surfaces, i.e., binary structures, valuable information may be lost in the process. We propose to use the same surfaces, but in a fuzzy way, i.e., we determine the 'surfaceness,' thus retaining more information and avoiding binary segmentation. Such surfaceness can be computed using various techniques. We found a simple morphological approach (which is easy to implement and has very low computational complexity) to be quite sufficient. The resultant surfaceness images are subsequently registered by optimizing the cross-correlation value. The optimization is done using a hierarchical approach to cut the number of required computer operations down to an acceptable level.
Characterization of Small Nodules in Cirrhosis by Assessment of Vascularity: The Problem of Hypovascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma * (2005)

In a prospective study, we examined the impact of arterial hypervascularity, as established by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommendations, as a criterion for characterizing small (1-3 cm) nodules in cirrhosis. A total of 72 nodules (1-2 cm, n = 41; 2.1-3 cm, n = 31) detected by ultrasonography in 59 patients with cirrhosis were included in the study. When coincidental arterial hypervascularity was detected at contrast perfusional ultrasonography and helical computed tomography, the lesion was considered to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to EASL criteria. When one or both techniques showed negative results, ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed. In cases with negative results for malignancy or high-grade dysplasia, biopsy was repeated when an increase in size was detected at the 3-month follow-up examination. Coincidental hypervascularity was found in 44 of 72 nodules (61%; 44% of 1-2-cm nodules and 84% of 2-3-cm nodules). Fourteen nodules (19.4%) had negative results with both techniques (hypovascular nodules). Biopsy showed HCC in 5 hypovascular nodules and in 11 of 14 nodules with hypervascularity using only one technique. All nodules larger than 2 cm finally resulted to be HCC. Not satisfying the EASL imaging criteria for diagnosis were 38% of HCCs 1 to 2 cm (17% hypovascular) and 16% of those 2 to 3 cm (none hypovascular). In conclusion, the noninvasive EASL criteria for diagnosis of HCC are satisfied in only 61% of small nodules in cirrhosis; thus, biopsy frequently is required in this setting. Relying on imaging techniques in nodules of 1 to 2 cm would miss the diagnosis of HCC in up to 38% of cases. Any nodule larger than 2 cm should be regarded as highly suspicious for HCC.
Prosody control for speaking and singing styles (2001)

By proper control of prosody, text-to-speech systems already have the capacity to imitate distinctive speaking styles. We show two examples where we can capture the critical features: the singing style of Dinah Shore and the speaking style of Martin Luther King Jr. The styles are described by Stem-ML tags (soft template mark-up language), which offers the flexibility needed to control accent shapes, phrasal pitch contours, and amplitude profiles, for speech as well as for singing.
Phase equilibria for supercritical fluid process design (1989)

Abstract Supercritical fluids (SCF's) are powerful solvents with many unique properties. They have great potential for many extraction processes, but reliable and versatile mathematical models of the phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for their use in process design and economic feasibility studies. This paper reviews existing experimental data and analytical methods and attempts to delineate their strengths and limitations. Also discussed are new data needs and possible new directions for a better fundamental understanding of the molecular processes in SCF solutions.
An accurate closed-form estimate of ICP's covariance (2007)

Existing methods for estimating the covariance of the ICP (iterative closest/corresponding point) algorithm are either inaccurate or are computationally too expensive to be used online. This paper proposes a new method, based on the analysis of the error function being minimized. It considers that the correspondences are not independent (the same measurement being used in more than one correspondence), and explicitly utilizes the covariance matrix of the measurements, which are not assumed to be independent either. The validity of the approach is verified through extensive simulations: it is more accurate than previous methods and its computational load is negligible. The ill-posedness of the surface matching problem is explicitly tackled for under-constrained situations by performing an observability analysis; in the analyzed cases the method still provides a good estimate of the error projected on the observable manifold.
Anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies and complete congenital heart block. (1997)

Complete congenital heart block (CCHB) is the most severe manifestation of neonatal lupus syndrome, associated with a mortality rate of up to 31%. It is caused by irreversible damage to the cardiac conduction system due to the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies to the fetus. Anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies are usually detected in sera of mothers of children with prenatally diagnosed CCHB and in cardiac tissues of affected newborns. Their pathogeneic role in the development of CCHB has been established in several studies. When CCHB is detected during pregnancy, careful monitoring and delivery are needed before heart failure is developed. Treatment strategies are debatable and may include prophylactic therapy for high-risk pregnant women and a combination of intrauterine plasmapheresis with plasma exchange or with corticosteroids. Pacemaker insertion is required in most infants during the first three months of life. Assays for anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies should be performed on sera of pregnant women with SLE and newborns with CCHB.