gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous silicon nitride membranes fabricated from porous nanocrystalline silicon templates (2014)

The extraordinary permeability and manufacturability of ultrathin silicon-based membranes are enabling devices with improved performance and smaller sizes in such important areas as molecular filtration and sensing, cell culture, electroosmotic pumping, and hemodialysis. Because of the robust chemical and mechanical properties of silicon nitride (SiN), several laboratories have developed techniques for patterning nanopores in SiN using reactive ion etching (RIE) through a template structure. These methods however, have failed to produce pores small enough for ultrafiltration (<100 nm) in SiN and involve templates that are prone to microporous defects. Here we present a facile, wafer-scale method to produce nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN) membranes using porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) as a self-assembling, defect free, RIE masking layer. By modifying the mask layer morphology and the RIE etch conditions, the pore sizes of NPN can be adjusted between 40 nm and 80 nm with porosities reaching 40%. The resulting NPN membranes exhibit higher burst pressures than pnc-Si membranes while having 5× greater permeability. NPN membranes also demonstrate the capacity for high resolution separations (<10 nm) seen previously with pnc-Si membranes. We further demonstrate that human endothelial cells can be grown on NPN membranes, verifying the biocompatibility of NPN and demonstrating the potential of this material for cell culture applications.
Nanoporous Carbohydrate Metal–Organic Frameworks (2011)

The binding of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations by macrocyclic and diazamacrobicyclic polyethers, composed of ordered arrays of hard oxygen (and nitrogen) donor atoms, underpinned the development of host-guest supramolecular chemistry in the 1970s and 1980s. The arrangement of -OCCO- and -OCCN- chelating units in these preorganized receptors, including, but not limited to, crown ethers and cryptands, is responsible for the very high binding constants observed for their complexes with Group IA and IIA cations. The cyclodextrins (CDs), cyclic oligosaccharides derived microbiologically from starch, also display this -OCCO- bidentate motif on both their primary and secondary faces. The self-assembly, in aqueous alcohol, of infinite networks of extended structures, which have been termed CD-MOFs, wherein γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) is linked by coordination to Group IA and IIA metal cations to form metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is reported. CD-MOF-1 and CD-MOF-2, prepared on the gram-scale from KOH and RbOH, respectively, form body-centered cubic arrangements of (γ-CD)(6) cubes linked by eight-coordinate alkali metal cations. These cubic CD-MOFs are (i) stable to the removal of solvents, (ii) permanently porous, with surface areas of ~1200 m(2) g(-1), and (iii) capable of storing gases and small molecules within their pores. The fact that the -OCCO- moieties of γ-CD are not prearranged in a manner conducive to encapsulating single metal cations has led to our isolating other infinite frameworks, with different topologies, from salts of Na(+), Cs(+), and Sr(2+). This lack of preorganization is expressed emphatically in the case of Cs(+), where two polymorphs assemble under identical conditions. CD-MOF-3 has the cubic topology observed for CD-MOFs 1 and 2, while CD-MOF-4 displays a channel structure wherein γ-CD tori are perfectly stacked in one dimension in a manner reminiscent of the structures of some γ-CD solvates, but with added crystal stability imparted by metal-ion coordination. These new MOFs demonstrate that the CDs can indeed function as ligands for alkali and alkaline earth metal cations in a manner similar to that found with crown ethers. These inexpensive, green, nanoporous materials exhibit absorption properties which make them realistic candidates for commercial development, not least of all because edible derivatives, fit for human consumption, can be prepared entirely from food-grade ingredients.
State of the Art Steam Turbine Automation for Optimum Transient Operation Performance (2007)

The growing share of renewable energies in the power industry coupled with increased deregulation has led to the need for additional operating flexibility of steam turbine units in both Combined Cycle and Steam Power Plants. Siemens steam turbine engineering and controls presently have several solutions to address various operating requirements: - Use of an automatic step program to perform startups allows operating comfort and repeatability. - 3 start-up modes give the operator the flexibility to start quickly to meet demand or slowly to conserve turbine life. - Several options for lifetime management are available. These options range from a basic counter of equivalent operating hours to a detailed fatigue calculation. - Restarting capabilities have been improved to allow a faster response following a trip or shutdown. - In addition to control of speed, load and pressure, special control functions provide alternative work split modes during transient conditions. - Optimum steam temperatures are calculated by the steam turbine control system to achieve optimum startup performance. - Siemens steam turbines are also capable of load rejection to house load, some even to operation at full speed, no load. Several plants are already equipped with these solutions and have provided data showing they are operating with shorter start-up times and improved load rejection capabilities. Finally Siemens of course continues to pursue future development.
Angular Color Prediction Model for Anisotropic Halftone Prints on a Metallic Substrate (2019)

Under specular reflection, non-isotropic halftones such as line halftones printed on an ink-receiving plastic layer superposed with a metallic layer change their colors upon in-plane rotation of the print. This color change is due to the orientation-dependent optical dot gain of the halftone. A strong dot gain occurs when the incident light is perpendicular to the halftone line structure. A color prediction model is proposed which predicts under specular reflection the color of cyan, magenta and yellow line halftones as a function of the azimuthal rotation angle, the incident angle and the line frequency. The model is calibrated by measuring 17 reflectances at the (<mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) measurement geometry, with the incident light parallel to the halftone lines. The model has been tested for several azimuthal rotation and incident viewing angles, each time for 125 different cyan, magenta and yellow ink surface coverages. The obtained prediction accuracies are between ΔE94 = 3.5 and ΔE94 = 7.
Acoustic and optical characterization of targeted ultrasound contrast agents (2013)

We previously developed a flow cytometer system that incorporates the action of ultrasound to characterize shell properties of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA’s). The most recent manifestation involves a flow cytometer modified with a custom square quartz flow cell in place of the standard nozzle and fluid jet. Acoustic coupling to the carrier sheath fluid and UCA samples occurs through a PZT bonded to one side of the flow cell. The PZT-driven UCA oscillations were processed and fitted to the Marmottant UCA model. Shell properties for UCAs (including Definity, Optison, SonoVue, and even homemade bubbles) were determined. A major limitation of the previous work involved a lack of knowledge of the actual acoustic pressure incident on the UCA. The focus of this talk will be on optimization of the pressure inside the flow cell using finite element methods, and the comparison with additional measurements of unpublished data from targeted UCA’s. [Work funded in part by the Life Sciences Discovery Fund #3292512.]
PHOTO-CLEAVABLE CROSSLINKER CAPABLE OF PREPARING PHOTODEGRADABLE HYDROGEL BY A TWO COMPONENT REACTION FOR HYDROGEL MICRO PATTERNING (2013)

Photodegradable hydrogels have emerged as a powerful platform for studying and directing cell behavior in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Several research groups have previously reported the formation of photodegradable hydrogels by redox-mediated radical polymerizations, Michael-type addition reactions, and orthogonal click reactions. In this work, we synthesized a photocleavable crosslinker with an ester activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide, and we prepared photodegradable hydrogels by means of a one-step mixing reaction of the crosslinker and a biocompatible polymer containing amino moieties (amino-terminated tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) or gelatin). We then micropatterned the prepared photodegradable hydrogels to fabricate microstructures.
Origin of problems encountered in rice bran oil processing (2002)

Rice bran oil, not being a seed-derived oil, has a composition qualitatively different from common vegetable oils and the conventional vegetable oil processing technologies are not adaptable without incurring huge losses. The oil's unusual high content of waxes, free fatty acids, unsaponifiable constituents, phospholipids, glycolipids and its dark color, all cause difficulties in the refining process. An attempt was made in this investigation to look into factors that are responsible for such difficulties and to develop suitable methodologies for physical refining of rice bran oil. Special attention was given to dewaxing, degumming and deacidification steps. The high content of glycolipids (∼6%) present in the oil was found to be a central problem and their removal appeared crucial for successful processing of the oil. We have also isolated and identified, for the first time, phosphorus-containing glycolipids that are unique to this oil. These compounds prevent a successful degumming of the oil and their high surface activity leads to unusually high refining losses during alkali refining. A number of simple processes has been evolved, including 1) a simultaneous dewaxing and degumming process, 2) an unusual enzymatic process to degum the oil, 3) processes for the removal of the glycolipids including the phosphoglycolipids and 4) a process for the isolation of the glycolipids which may have potential applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The processing protocol suggested here becomes the first and only one to produce an oil with less than 5 ppm of phosphorus from crude rice bran oil, rendering it thus suitable for physical refining. We believe that the present results are very significant and should contribute to a better utilization of this valuable oil.
Erp, an extracellular protein family specific to mycobacteria The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF213152 (Mycobacterium smegmatis), AF213153 (Mycobacterium marinum), AF213154 (Mycobacterium ulcerans), AF213155 (Mycobacterium xenopi) and AF315789 (Mycobacterium avium). The accession numbers for the partial sequences of the erp gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates are AF165856 (Benin), AF165857 (R.C.A.), AF165858 (Vietnam) and AF165859 (Tahiti). (2001)

Erp (exported repeated protein) was originally characterized as a virulence factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and was thought to be present only in Mycobacterium leprae and members of the TB complex. Here it is shown that Erp is a ubiquitous extracellular protein found in all of the mycobacterial species tested. Erp proteins have a modular organization and contain three domains: a highly conserved amino-terminal domain which includes a signal sequence, a central variable region containing repeats based on the motif PGLTS, and a conserved carboxy-terminal domain rich in proline and alanine. The number and fidelity of PGLTS repeats of the central region differ considerably between mycobacterial species. This region is, however, identical in all of the clinical M. tuberculosis strains tested. In addition, it is shown here that a Mycobacterium smegmatis erp::aph mutant displays altered colony morphology which is complemented by all the Erp orthologues tested. The genome sequence flanking the erp gene includes cell-wall-related ORFs and displays extensive conservation between saprophytic and pathogenic mycobacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Alkyl Azodicarboxylates for Mitsunobu Reactions. (1989)

Abstract The Mitsunobu reaction, an extremely versatile means of nucleophilic replacement of hydroxyl groups involving activation of an alcohol by the adduct of Ph 3 P and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate, is limited mostly by several factors associated with the expensive azodicarboxylate reagents.
Layered space-time complex field coding: full-diversity with full-rate, and tradeoffs (2003)

Multi-antenna systems allow for a significant increase in the transmission rate of coherent wireless transmissions over flat Rayleigh fading channels. Various multi-antenna designs have been developed in recent years targeting either high-performance, or, high rate. We design a layered space-time (ST) scheme equipped with linear complex field (LCF) coding, which enables full diversity with full rate, for any number of transmit- and receive-antennas. Furthermore, we delineate the tradeoff between diversity and rate in the class of layered ST schemes, when sub-optimal decoding is employed. Our theoretical claims are confirmed by simulations.
Dispensing and manipulation of nano-drops in 2D and 3D by Pyro-EHD (Electro-Hydro-Dynamic) effect (2010)

A new opto-nanofluidic approach named Pyro-EHD is presented for streaming liquid nano-pico-droplets through pyroelectric effect activated by IR laser. Manipulation in 2D and 3D of nano-drops and liquid printing with atto-Liter drops is demonstrated
Surface plasmon resonance sensing in capillaries (1999)

A capillary-based surface plasmon resonance sensor is presented. Glass capillaries internally coated with Au are radially illuminated with focused laser light that strikes the interior capillary surface and exits the capillary at angles that vary with the interior incident angle. Measurement of the exit light provides reflectivity against angle spectra useful for chemical sensing.
A picosecond jitter streak camera (1980)

A light-activated silicon switch is used to sweep a picosecond-resolution streak camera with less than 2 ps of shot-to-shot zero-time fluctuation. This temporal accuracy allows shot accumulation leading to increased signal-to-noise ratio and further increase in timing accuracy. Subpicosecond accuracy is demonstrated and is used to time picosecond transients.
Face analysis for the synthesis of photo-realistic talking heads (2002)

This paper describes techniques for extracting bitmaps of facial parts from videos of a talking person. The goal is to synthesize photo-realistic talking heads of high quality that show picture-perfect appearance and realistic head movements with good lip-sound synchronization. For the synthesis of a talking head, bitmaps of facial parts are combined to form whole heads and then sequences of such images are integrated with audio from a text-to-speech synthesizer. For a seamless integration of facial parts into an animation, their shape and visual appearance must be known with high accuracy. The recognition system has to find not only the locations of facial features, but must also be able to determine the head's orientation and recognize the facial expressions. Our face recognition proceeds in multiple steps, each with an increased precision. Using motion, color and shape information, the head's position and the location of the main facial features are determined first. Then smaller areas are searched with matched filters, in order to identify specific facial features with high precision. From this information a head's 3D orientation is calculated. Facial parts are cut from the image and, using the head's orientation, are warped into bitmaps with 'normalized' orientation and scale.
Microfabrication of vacuum compatible millimeter wave sources (2004)

InnoSys is developing a fabrication techniques for manufacturing of millimeter wave vacuum electron devices from semiconductor manufacturing and micromachining. SU-8 RF circuits and PPM magnetic circuits are fabricated by LIGA methods. The circuit fabrication starts with a flat substrate and adds and removes material defined by lithographic masks. Fabricated circuits are integral parts of the vacuum envelope in millimeter wave devices.
A Real-Time Algorithm For Time Decoding Machines (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Whole-Genome Random Sequencing and Assembly of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Rd (1995)

An approach for genome analysis based on sequencing and assembly of unselected pieces of DNA from the whole chromosome has been applied to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence (1,830,137 base pairs) of the genome from the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae Rd. This approach eliminates the need for initial mapping efforts and is therefore applicable to the vast array of microbial species for which genome maps are unavailable. The H. influenzae Rd genome sequence (Genome Sequence DataBase accession number L42023) represents the only complete genome sequence from a free-living organism.
Distributed Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission Based on Dual Decomposition (2009)

A distributed solution is proposed for the coordinated multi-cell multi-antenna minimum power beamformer design problem with single-antenna users. The minimum power beamformers are obtained locally at each base station (BS) relying on limited backhaul information exchange between adjacent BSs. The original centralised problem is reformulated such that the BSs are coupled by real-valued inter-cell interference terms. The coupled interference terms are handled by taking local copies of the terms at each BS and enforcing consistency between them. The consistency constraints are then decoupled by a standard dual decomposition approach leading to a distributed algorithm. The proposed method is able to guarantee feasible solutions even if the interference information is outdated or incomplete, at the possible cost of increased sum power. In addition, the proposed approach allows for a number of special cases, where the backhaul information exchange is reduced at the cost of somewhat sub-optimal performance. The performance of the proposed coordinated multi-cell transmission is compared with the coherent multi-cell beamforming, as well as, with inter-cell interference nulling in different scenarios with varying interference. The numerical examples demonstrate that a near-optimal performance can be achieved even with significantly reduced backhaul information exchange.
Enhancing Colorimetric LAMP Amplification Speed and Sensitivity with Guanidine Chloride (2020)

Abstract Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a versatile technique for detection of target DNA and RNA, enabling rapid molecular diagnostic assays with minimal equipment. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented an urgent need for new and better diagnostic methods, with colorimetric LAMP utilized in numerous studies for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, the sensitivity of colorimetric LAMP in early reports has been below that of the standard RT-qPCR tests, and we sought to improve performance. Here we report the use of guanidine hydrochloride and combined primer sets to increase speed and sensitivity in colorimetric LAMP, bringing this simple method up to the standards of sophisticated technique and enabling accurate and high-throughput diagnostics.
Fed‐batch culture of a metabolically engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain designed for high‐level succinate production and yield under aerobic conditions (2005)

An aerobic succinate production system developed by Lin et al. (Metab Eng, in press) is capable of achieving the maximum theoretical succinate yield of 1.0 mol/mol glucose for aerobic conditions. It also exhibits high succinate productivity. This succinate production system is a mutant E. coli strain with five pathways inactivated: DeltasdhAB, Delta(ackA-pta), DeltapoxB, DeltaiclR, and DeltaptsG. The mutant strain also overexpresses Sorghum vulgare pepc. This mutant strain is designated HL27659k(pKK313). Fed-batch reactor experiments were performed for the strain HL27659k(pKK313) under aerobic conditions to determine and demonstrate its capacity for high-level succinate production. Results showed that it could produce 58.3 g/l of succinate in 59 h under complete aerobic conditions. Throughout the entire fermentation the average succinate yield was 0.94+/-0.07 mol/mol glucose, the average productivity was 1.08+/-0.06 g/l-h, and the average specific productivity was 89.77+/-3.40 mg/g-h. Strain HL27659k (pKK313) is, thus, capable of large-scale succinate production under aerobic conditions. The results also showed that the aerobic succinate production system using the designed strain HL27659k(pKK313) is more practical than conventional anaerobic succinate production systems. It has remarkable potential for industrial-scale succinate production and process optimization.
Electrochemical synthesis of quasi-periodic quantum dot arrays (1994)

Ganoderma lucidum preparation may have certain protective effect on the immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system of monkeys with SAIDS.
Differential promoter methylation of kinesin family member 1a in plasma is associated with breast cancer and DNA repair capacity (2014)

Methylation alterations of CpG islands, CpG island shores and first exons are key events in the formation and progression of human cancer, and an increasing number of differentially methylated regions and genes have been identified in breast cancer. Recent studies of the breast cancer methylome using deep sequencing and microarray platforms are providing a novel insight on the different roles aberrant methylation plays in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Accumulating evidence from a subset of studies suggests that promoter methylation of tumor-suppressor genes associated with breast cancer can be quantified in circulating DNA. However, there is a paucity of studies that examine the combined presence of genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with breast cancer using blood-based assays. Dysregulation of DNA repair capacity (DRC) is a genetic risk factor for breast cancer that has been measured in lymphocytes. We isolated plasma DNA from 340 participants in a breast cancer case control project to study promoter methylation levels of five genes previously shown to be associated with breast cancer in frozen tissue and in cell line DNA: MAL, KIF1A, FKBP4, VGF and OGDHL. Methylation of at least one gene was found in 49% of the cases compared to 20% of the controls. Three of the four genes had receiver characteristic operator curve values of ≥ 0.50: MAL (0.64), KIF1A (0.51) and OGDHL (0.53). KIF1A promoter methylation was associated with breast cancer and inversely associated with DRC. This is the first evidence of a significant association between genetic and epigenetic alterations in breast cancer using blood-based tests. The potential diagnostic utility of these biomarkers and their relevance for breast cancer risk prediction should be examined in larger cohorts.