gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Project Based Learning Model on Social Studies Learning Motivation (2022)

Lack of student learning motivation because they often talk to their classmates. In addition, the learning process used by the teacher is less varied due to the limitations of the learning media owned by the school. In addition to learning media that are less varied, the method used in the learning process tends to use the lecture method because with this method it is considered that students will more easily accept the material presented. Such conditions certainly make the learning process only mastered by the teacher. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of project-based learning model on social studies learning motivation of students of Class V MI Wahyu Mandiri, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency, where Class V MI Wahyu Mandiri is the experimental class and Class V MI Al Muhajirin is the control class. This research is a quantitative research model with a quasi-experimental type of research. The population in this study were 15 students of class V MI Wahyu Mandiri as the experimental class and 15 students of class V MI Al Muhajirin as the control class. This type of data collection uses a motivational questionnaire to measure learning motivation. The data analysis technique used is the Manova test, which was previously tested for normality and homogeneity. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Project Based Learning learning model in social studies subjects can increase student activity and motivation. This is evidenced by the average in the experimental class 81.07 with a very high category and 78.53 in the control class with a high category. This result can be seen from the motivational questionnaire manova test which obtained the value of sig. 0.00 < 0.05 (smaller than 0.05) with a 95% confidence level, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is an effect of the Project Based Learning learning model on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at MI Wahyu Mandiri. So, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning learning model has an influence on the social studies learning motivation of the fifth grade students of MI Wahyu Mandiri.
Deposition and Properties of Reactively Sputtered Ruthenium Dioxide Films (1993)

Ruthenium dioxide films for diffusion barrier layers are deposited by reactive sputtering in oxygen atmospheres at different conditions. Stoichiometric films are deposited at oxygen partial pressures above 4.8 mTorr. When annealing is done for this film, a (101) grain rather than a preferential (110) is grown. Stoichiometric films can be deposited at lower oxygen partial pressures when the deposition is performed at lower power. For this film at lower power, however, (101) grain is preferentially grown with this annealing. A resistivity of 63.5 μ Ω‐cm is obtained at 900°C.
Memory load and the cognitive pupillary response in aging (2003)

Abstract The effect of memory load on the cognitive pupillary response among 16 young adults and 16 older adults was investigated. Mean pupil dilation and reaction time were measured during a Sternberg memory‐search task, which involved six levels of memory load. A classic interaction pattern was obtained in which the reaction times of the elderly participants increased more as a function of memory load than the reaction times of the young participants. In the encoding phase of the experiment, mean dilation increased with memory load. No age differences were observed here. In the search phase of the experiment, however, mean pupil dilation was considerably greater in the young than in the elderly participants. Moreover, mean dilation of the older participants was not sensitive to memory load, whereas mean dilation increased as a function of memory load in the young participants. The results suggest that the usefulness of the pupillary response as a correlate of subtle fluctuations in memory load diminishes with old age.
Promising thermoelectric performance in n-type AgBiSe<sub>2</sub>: effect of aliovalent anion doping (2014)

Halide ion (Cl<sup>−</sup>/Br<sup>−</sup>/I<sup>−</sup>) aliovalently dopes on the Se<sup>2−</sup>sublattice and contributes one n-type carrier in AgBiSe<sub>2</sub>, which gives rise to improved electronic transport properties. A peak<italic>ZT</italic>, value of ∼0.9 at ∼810 K has been achieved for the AgBiSe<sub>1.98</sub>Cl<sub>0.02</sub>sample, which makes it a promising n-type thermoelectric material for mid-temperature applications.
High-resolution CdTe detector and applications to imaging devices (2001)

Using a high quality Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) wafer, we formed a Schottky junction and operated the detector as a diode (CdTe diode). The low leakage current of the CdTe diode allows us to apply a much higher bias voltage than was possible with the previous CdTe detectors. For a relatively thin detector of /spl sim/0.5 mm thick, the high bias voltage results in a high electric field in the device. Both the improved charge collection efficiency and the low-leakage current lead to an energy resolution of 1.1 keV FWHM at 60 keV for a 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/ device and 2 keV for a 10/spl times/10 mm/sup 2/ device at 5/spl deg/C without any charge-loss correction electronics. For astrophysical applications, we have developed an initial prototype CdTe pixel detector based on the CdTe diode. The detector has 400 pixels with a pixel size of 625/spl times/625 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Each pixel is gold-stud bonded to a fanout board and routed to a front end ASIC to measure pulse height information for each /spl gamma/-ray photon.
Effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production <i>in vitro</i> (2002)

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production, and protozoal activity in vitro . Medium‐chain fatty acid‐CDs used in this study were caprylic acid (C8)‐αCD or ‐βCD, capric acid (C10)‐αCD or ‐βCD, and lauric acid (C12)‐αCD or ‐βCD. A 60‐mL of diluted rumen fluid was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the addition of the complex (10–40 mg as fatty acid). Each of the fatty acid‐CDs reduced the number of protozoa, with the order C10 > C12 > C8, and βCD complexes were more effective than αCD complexes. Molar proportions of acetic acid remained unchanged with the addition of fatty acid‐CD, while that of propionic acid increased, being significant for C8‐αCD and βCD, and C10‐αCD and βCD ( P < 0.05). Hydrogen production decreased by about 70% of control with the addition of 40 mg of C8 and C10‐CD, on the other hand, it tended to increase with the addition of C12‐CD in both αCD and βCD. Methane production decreased by about 20% with the addition of 40 mg of complexes, except for C10‐βCD, which significantly reduced methane production by about 60%. In conclusion, the addition of C8 or C10‐CD to ruminant diets may be effective in reducing methane production.
VEGF regulates TRPC6 channels in podocytes (2011)

VEGF regulates TRPC6 in podocytes.
Pathobiology of A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) Avian Influenza Virus in Seven Gallinaceous Species (2001)

Direct bird-to-human transmission, with the production of severe respiratory disease and human mortality, is unique to the Hong Kong-origin H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, which was originally isolated from a disease outbreak in chickens. The pathobiology of the A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) (HK/220) HPAI virus was investigated in chickens, turkeys, Japanese and Bobwhite quail, guinea fowl, pheasants, and partridges, where it produced 75-100% mortality within 10 days. Depression, mucoid diarrhea, and neurologic dysfunction were common clinical manifestations of disease. Grossly, the most severe and consistent lesions included splenomegaly, pulmonary edema and congestion, and hemorrhages in enteric lymphoid areas, on serosal surfaces, and in skeletal muscle. Histologic lesions were observed in multiple organs and were characterized by exudation, hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation, or a combination of these features. The lung, heart, brain, spleen, and adrenal glands were the most consistently affected, and viral antigen was most often detected by immunohistochemistry in the parenchyma of these organs. The pathogenesis of infection with the HK/220 HPAI virus in these species was twofold. Early mortality occurring at 1-2 days postinoculation (DPI) corresponded to severe pulmonary edema and congestion and virus localization within the vascular endothelium. Mortality occurring after 2 DPI was related to systemic biochemical imbalance, multiorgan failure, or a combination of these factors. The pathobiologic features were analogous to those experimentally induced with other HPAI viruses in domestic poultry.
Chirally templated boronic acid Mannich reaction in the synthesis of optically active α-amino acids (2000)

Adducts from diastereoselective Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes, 2-furylboronic acid and the chiral amine template (S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, have been used in the synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure D-α-amino acids.
A best-match algorithm for broad-coverage example-based disambiguation (1994)

To improve the coverage of example-bases, two methods are introduced into the best-match algorithm. The first is for acquiring conjunctive relationships from corpora, as measures of word similarity that can be used in addition to thesauruses. The Second, used when a word does not appear in an example-base or a thesaurus, is for inferring links to words in the example-base by comparing the usage of the word in the text and that of words in the example-base.
A new Observation Model to Improve the Consistency of EKF-SLAM Algorithm in Large-scale Environments (2012)

This paper suggests a new observation model for Extended Kalman Filter based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (EKF-SLAM). Since the EKF framework linearizes non-linear functions around the current estimate, the conventional line model has large linearization errors when a mobile robot locates faraway from its initial position. On the other hand, the model that we propose yields less linearization error with respect to the landmark position and thus suitable in a large-scale environment. To achieve it, we build up a three-dimensional space by adding a virtual axis to the robot's two-dimensional coordinate system and extract a plane by using a detected line on the two-dimensional space and the virtual axis. Since Jacobian matrix with respect to the landmark position has small value, we can estimate the position of landmarks better than the conventional line model. The simulation results verify that the new model yields less linearization errors than the conventional line model.
Conflict-Free Parallel Memory Accessing Techniques for FFT Architectures (2008)

Speeding up fast Fourier transform (FFT) computations is critical for today's real-time systems targeting signal processing and telecommunication applications. Aiming at the performance improvement and the efficiency of FFT architectures, this paper presents an address generation technique which enables a radix- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</i> processor to access in parallel <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</i> memory banks without conflicts during each stage's computations. Using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kb</i> memory banks at each stage leads to increasing the speedup of the algorithm by a factor of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kb</i> . The address generation can be realized in each radix- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</i> stage by the use of lookup tables of size <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kb</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) bits. The proposed technique is cost efficient and leads to the design of FFT architectures of high speedup and high sustained throughput.
<i>In vivo</i> biotinylation studies: specificity of labelling of reticulated platelets by thiazole orange and mepacrine (2000)

Animal in vivo biotinylation studies have demonstrated that thiazole orange (TO) labels the youngest cells in the circulation. TO has since been widely used for the measurement of reticulated platelets. As recent findings suggest that at high concentrations TO also labels platelet dense granules non-specifically, the value of previous work is unclear. Mepacrine also labels platelet dense granules and can detect storage pool defects. In this study, a mouse in vivo biotinylation model was used to determine the specificity of TO and mepacrine staining on platelets recently released into the circulation. The mean life span of biotin/TO (low), biotin/TO (high) and mepacrine/TO dual-positive platelets was 1.4 d (SD 0.5), 2.2 d (SD 0.2) and 2.3 d (SD 0.3) respectively (n = 6) compared with a life span for biotin-positive platelets of 4.9 d (SD 1.6). TO (low), TO (high) and mepacrine labelled 8.0% (SD 3.1), 43.9% (SD 8.3) and 40.0% (SD 9.9) of the total platelet population respectively (results of 30 samples from six mice), which decreased to 6.8% (SD 3. 9), 26.6% (SD 6.9) and 25.7% (SD 10.6) after thrombin degranulation. The shorter life span and lack of thrombin sensitivity of TO (low)-positive platelets, suggests that TO (low) measures reticulated platelets specifically. The comparative life spans and thrombin sensitivity of TO (high) and mepacrine-positive platelets suggest that TO (high) labels platelet dense granules. These data also suggest that dense granules are lost during platelet ageing.
Voltage-Controlled Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy in Soft Magnetostrictive Ferromagnetic Thin Films (2011)

A push-pull type ferromagnetic (FM)/ferroelectric (FE) composite was realized with depositing soft magnetostrictive amorphous (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">65</sub> Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> alloy on top of the microfiber lead zirconate titanate commercial composite. The piezoelectric and magnetic hysteresis loops of the FM/FE composite were measured with different electric field polarization. We report a remarkable large converse magnetoelectric effect at room temperature including reversible tuning of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The experimental results were analyzed based on strain-induced magnetization change theory. For this purpose, the applied stress to FM resulting from the piezoelectric strain of FE and the saturation magnetostriction of FM were evaluated. The results indicate a high magnetostriction constant value of 110 ppm and moderate useful applied stress of ± 50 MPa. We conclude that the combination of soft magnetostrictive FM with push-pull type piezoelectric FE is suitable for ultralow power electric field writable or tunable electronic devices.
A fast and low cost self-routing permutation network (1998)

In this paper, we present a new implementation of the fast VLSI-efficient self-routing N/spl times/N permutation network proposed by Cam and Fortes, which requires only about half as much hardware and has a lower latency. Cam and Fortes' implementation uses Cormen and Leiserson's hyperconcentrators, which can route only active inputs. The reduction in hardware is achieved by modifying Cormen and Leiserson's hyperconcentrator to route active, as well as inactive, inputs to the output. This modification allows us to reduce the number of hyperconcentrators needed in the permutation network by 50 percent and eliminate the interstage interconnection networks, making the permutation network faster by log/sub 2/N bits.
<i>PLD4</i> as a novel susceptibility gene for systemic sclerosis in a Japanese population (2012)

We determined that PLD4 is a novel susceptibility gene for SSc in Japanese, thus confirming the involvement of PLD4 in autoimmunity. Associations between SSc and TNFAIP3 or IRF8 were also detected in our Japanese population. SSc and RA appear to share relatively large proportions of their genetic backgrounds.
Block copolymer in aqueous solution: Micelle formation and hard-sphere crystallization (2008)

The phase behavior of triblock-copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) dissolved in water shows unique characteristics: dissolved polymers at low temperature and low polymer concentration, spherical micellar aggregates at intermediate temperatures with a range in temperatures where both dissolved polymers and micelles are present, and prolate ellipsoidal or rod-like micelles at high temperatures. In the high polymer concentration regime, an apparent “inverse crystallization” characteristic is observed as the micellar volume fraction approaches the critical value φ=0.53 of hard-sphere crystallization. The crystalline phase is cubic, characterized by true long-range correlation in the bond-angle correlation, but with absence of long-range order in the bond-length correlation. At higher temperatures a crystalline phase of hexagonally packed rods is observed.
Anterior thoracic corpectomy for spinal cord decompression performed endoscopically. (1995)

A prospective study was undertaken during the past 3 years to investigate the effectiveness of thoracoscopic corpectomy--endoscopic removal of the vertebral body in 15 cases (8 for pathologic fractures for tumors, 5 for traumatic fractures and 2 for infections). The average age of the patients was 53.2 years (range 28-85 years). The vertebral levels of corpectomy ranged from T3 to L1. The mean operating time was 211 min (range 83-450 min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 890 ml (range 150-2,800 ml). The postoperative morbidity appeared to be more favorable than with open thoracotomy [Alband OW, Corkill G. Thoracic disk herniation: treatment and prognosis. Spine 1979; 4:41-6; Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack NJ. Postoperative pain-related morbidity: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg (in press); McAfee PC. Complications of anterior approaches to the thoracolumbar spine: emphasis on Kaneda instrumentation. Clin Orthop 1994;306:110-9; McAfee PC, Bohlman HH, Yuan HA. Anterior decompression of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures with incomplete neurological deficit using a retroperitoneal approach. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1985;67: 89-104; Regan JJ, Mack MJ, Picetti GD, Guyer RD, Hochschuler SH, Rashbaum RF. A comparison of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with open thoracotomy in thoracic spinal surgery. Today's Ther Trends 1994;11: 203-18.] because the mean chest tube duration was 1.22 days (range 1-3 days), the mean length of time in the intensive care unit was 2 days (range 1-4 days), and the mean length of total hospitalization was 6.5 days (range 2-12 days). Overall, the ability to visualize the anterior surface of the dura during corpectomy was better endoscopically than with open thoracotomy techniques--improved magnification, the ability of the operative assistant to see and therefore suction more efficiently, and the perspective of visualization was improved. It was possible to place the 30 degrees angled endoscope within the defect left by the resected vertebral body and look directly posteriorly at the dura, visualizing the epidural vessels and dural pulsations at close range. The limiting factor in wide application of the technique is the absence of a commercially available internal fixation system that can be applied endoscopically.
Antigen-specific B cells efficiently present low doses of antigen for induction of T cell proliferation. (1985)

Abstract Previous experiments suggested a role for specific B cells in the induction of antigen (SRBC)-specific T cell proliferation. Two models were proposed: in the first, B cells directly presented antigen to T cells; alternatively, B cells secreted antibody, which opsonized antigen for presentation by macrophages. Experiments to distinguish between these possibilities are presented here. Three lines of evidence support the conclusion that antigen is presented directly by specific B cells. First, nonimmune splenic adherent cells (SAC), which efficiently induced proliferation of appropriately primed T cells to antigens such as OVA and GAT, were unable to induce SRBC-specific proliferation. Secondly, a slope analysis of the logarithmic plot of T cell proliferation vs the number of irradiated B cells suggested that two cells were limiting within the presenting population. The addition of IL 1 or SAC reduced the slope to 1 (although in serum-free conditions, the addition of IL 1, but not SAC, reduced the slope of the line). Specificity of the B cells for the antigen continued to be required in the presence of exogenous IL 1 or SAC. These results suggested that presentation by specific B cells and the amount of IL 1 were the limiting requirements for the induction of SRBC-specific T cell proliferation. The third line of evidence was the demonstration of a restricted interaction between T cells and B cells. The addition of irradiated, allogeneic SRBC-specific B cells to T cell lines and syngeneic SAC failed to support proliferative responses. We further show that a GAT-specific T cell clone was triggered to proliferate by either SAC or B cells, but that antigen-specific B cells were necessary at low doses of antigen. This finding is important in two respects. First, the T cell clone previously has been shown to act as a helper; secondly, when low doses of antigen are used, the requirement for priming of the B cells to the specific antigen is true for a soluble, as well as a particulate, antigen. We propose that at low (physiologic) doses of antigen, presentation to secondary T cells takes place mainly at the surface of antigen-specific B cells. At high doses of antigen,h presentation can also be accomplished by nonspecific cells such as other B cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells.
Common major gene inheritance of extreme overweight. (1990)

We studied 3925 individuals in 961 families to determine the mode of inheritance of overweight. As an index of overweight, we examined body mass index. Our analyses indicate that the most likely genetic model for susceptibility to overweight included moderate polygenic inheritance (34% of variance resulting from many genes with small effects) and common (21% frequency) recessively expressed major genes (a few genes with large effects on the individuals who possess them). Standard statistical criteria for accepting both polygenic and major gene inheritance were met, including tests of Mendelian transmission. These results suggest that recessive major gene inheritance of overweight may be common and that homozygosity for overweight susceptibility alleles often results in overweight. Clinical, biologic, and empirical observations all suggest genetic heterogeneity, that is, more than one predisposing gene.