gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic HVAC fault detection and diagnosis system generation based on heat flow models (2012)

Abstract This article introduces a new graph-based modeling methodology called heat flow modeling (HFM) for the purpose of mapping building information model (BIM) of HVAC systems automatically into fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems that can be integrated into HVAC control systems. The goal is an efficient and effective support of the maintenance of HVAC systems to detect and locate faults that may reduce energy efficiency, user comfort, or system lifetime. The nodes of the HFM model have a one-to-one relationship with HVAC system components and related building entities. The nodes are connected by arcs that model the flows in the HVAC systems, e.g., air, water, and information flows. The functionality of the nodes includes state variable estimations and failure rule evaluations. The failure rule outputs can be fed to an associative network based diagnosis engine to locate the faults. Since HFM nodes are instances of generic classes derived from small libraries, HVAC FDD systems can be automatically generated. The simulation result has shown the effectiveness of a proposed FDD approach and two software prototypes demonstrating the reduced engineering effort of fault detection for a small bank HVAC system. Acknowledgments The authors would like express their gratitude to Dr. Vladimir Bazjanac and Dr. James O'Donnell from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for providing sample IFC files. Gerhard Zimmermann is Professor. Yan Lu, Member ASHRAE, is Senior Research Scientist. George Lo is Senior Principle Scientist.
Novel Glioblastoma Markers with Diagnostic and Prognostic Value Identified through Transcriptome Analysis (2008)

Our study reveals that GADD45alpha and FSTLI are GBM-specific whereas superoxide dismutase 2 and adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 are primary GBM-specific diagnostic markers. Whereas GADD45alpha overexpression confers a favorable prognosis, FSTL1 overexpression is a hallmark of poor prognosis in GBM patients.
Optimization of training sets for neural-net processing of characteristic patterns from vibrating solids (2001)

Artificial neural networks have been used for a number of years to process holography-generated characteristic patterns of vibrating structures. This technology depends critically on the selection and the conditioning of the training sets. A scaling operation called folding is discussed for conditioning training sets optimally for training feed-forward neural networks to process characteristic fringe patterns. Folding allows feed-forward nets to be trained easily to detect damage-induced vibration-displacement-distribution changes as small as 10 nanometers. A specific application to aerospace of neural-net processing of characteristic patterns is presented to motivate the conditioning and optimization effort.
Ventral-Dorsal Neural Networks: Object Detection Via Selective Attention (2019)

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been repeatedly proven to perform well on image classification tasks. Object detection methods, however, are still in need of significant improvements. In this paper, we propose a new framework called Ventral-Dorsal Networks (VDNets) which is inspired by the structure of the human visual system. Roughly, the visual input signal is analyzed along two separate neural streams, one in the temporal lobe and the other in the parietal lobe. The coarse functional distinction between these streams is between object recognition — the "what" of the signal - and extracting location related information — the "where" of the signal. The ventral pathway from primary visual cortex, entering the temporal lobe, is dominated by "what" information, while the dorsal pathway, into the parietal lobe, is dominated by "where" information. Inspired by this structure, we propose the integration of a "Ventral Network" and a "Dorsal Network", which are complementary. Information about object identity can guide localization, and location information can guide attention to relevant image regions, improving object recognition. This new dual network framework sharpens the focus of object detection. Our experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art object detection approaches on PASCAL VOC 2007 by 8% (mAP) and PASCAL VOC 2012 by 3% (mAP). Moreover, a comparison of techniques on Yearbook images displays substantial qualitative and quantitative benefits of VDNet.
Microwave electron gun (1984)

An electron gun is being developed which should substantially improve the normalized current density in medium energy pulsed linacs. The gun will accelerate and pre-bunch electrons from a LaB 6 cathode using the high electric field in a resonant microwave cavity.
Development of optical transmitters for high-amplitude focused ultrasound (2012)

This paper investigates the use of thin-film optical transmitters to generate focused ultrasound, aiming to develop highamplitude focused ultrasound. Composite films were used as the optoacoustic sources, which consist of carbonnanotubes (CNTs) and elastomeric polymers. As the nano-composites work as excellent optical absorbers and efficient heat converters, thermo-elastic volume deformation within the composites produces strong optoacoustic pressure. These films were formed on concave substrates for optoacoustic generation of the focused ultrasound. A focal waveform was measured using a single-mode fiber-optic hydrophone. A peak positive pressure of ~4 MPa was achieved.
Facile Li/HMPA-promoted polymerization method for the synthesis of soluble poly(phenylenes) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile Li/HMPA-promoted polymerization method for the synthesis of soluble poly(phenylenes)James M. Tour and Eric B. StephensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 6, 2309–2311Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00006a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (508 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dry Process for Making Polyimide/ Carbon-and-Boron-Fiber Tape (2003)

A dry process has been invented as an improved means of manufacturing composite prepreg tapes that consist of high-temperature thermoplastic polyimide resin matrices reinforced with carbon and boron fibers. Such tapes are used (especially in the aircraft industry) to fabricate strong, lightweight composite-material structural components. The inclusion of boron fibers results in compression strengths greater than can be achieved by use of carbon fibers alone. The present dry process is intended to enable the manufacture of prepreg tapes (1) that contain little or no solvent; (2) that have the desired dimensions, fiber areal weight, and resin content; and (3) in which all of the fibers are adequately wetted by resin and the boron fibers are fully encapsulated and evenly dispersed. Prepreg tapes must have these properties to be useable in the manufacture of high-quality composites by automated tape placement. The elimination of solvent and the use of automated tape placement would reduce the overall costs of manufacturing.
Efficient On‐Demand Compound Droplet Formation: From Microfluidics to Microdroplets as Miniaturized Laboratories (2009)

Microdroplets are naturally well-defined reactors for performing reactions on the microscale. An innovative technique is presented to achieve one-step compound droplet formation in a microfluidic-channel structure. The image shows a droplet in the formation process and a droplet flowing downstream of the channel with mixing/reaction occurring inside it. Red and green colors denote different regents. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High single-mode powers from interband cascade lasers (2010)

Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) that operated in continuous-wave (cw) mode at temperatures up to 62°C have been previously demonstrated. However, spectroscopic applications such as gas sensing also require emission into a single spectral mode that can be tuned over a wide wavelength range by varying the injection current and/or temperature. A step in that direction is this report of an ICL with a corrugated distributed feedback (DFB) pattern etched into the ridge sidewalk. The corrugations serve the dual purpose of suppressing higher-order lateral modes by increasing their loss, while also providing distributed feedback. The present work reports cw operation to 72°C, and also broad-area devices displaying pulsed threshold current densities as low as 375 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 27°C. The characterization of a series of narrow ridges with widths ranging from 3.2 to 15.1 μm confirmed that the degradations of threshold current density and differential slope efficiency were modest for widths down to 5.1 μm. The 11.1 and 13.0-μm-wide uncoated ridges produced up to 45 mW per facet of cw power at 20°C, and displayed maximum wallplug efficiencies of 3.5% per facet.
First Report of <i>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</i> in South Carolina (2006)

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae, causes yield losses in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) around the world. During 2005, tomato plants exhibiting TYLCV symptoms were found in several locations in the Charleston, SC area. These locations included a whitefly research greenhouse at the United States Vegetable Laboratory, two commercial tomato fields, and various garden centers. Symptoms included stunting, mottling, and yellowing of leaves. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and begomovirus degenerate primer set prV324 and prC889 (1), the expected 579-bp amplification product was generated from DNA isolated from symptomatic tomato leaves. Another primer set (KL04-06_TYLCV CP F: 5'GCCGCCG AATTCAAGCTTACTATGTCGAAG; KL04-07_TYLCV CP R: 5'GCCG CCCTTAAGTTCGAAACTCATGATATA), homologous to the Florida isolate of TYLCV (GenBank Accession No. AY530931) was designed to amplify a sequence that contains the entire coat protein gene. These primers amplified the expected 842-bp PCR product from DNA isolated from symptomatic tomato tissues as well as viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) adults. Expected PCR products were obtained from eight different samples, including three tomato samples from the greenhouse, two tomato plants from commercial fields, two plants from retail stores, and a sample of 50 whiteflies fed on symptomatic plants. For each primer combination, three PCR products amplified from DNA from symptomatic tomato plants after insect transmission were sequenced and analyzed. All sequences were identical and generated 806 nucleotides after primer sequence trimming (GenBank Accession No. DQ139329). This sequence had 99% nucleotide identity with TYLCV isolates from Florida, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Guadeloupe, and Puerto Rico. In greenhouse tests with a total of 129 plants in two separate experiments, 100% of the tomato plants became symptomatic as early as 10 days after exposure to whiteflies previously fed on symptomatic plants. A low incidence (<1%) of symptomatic plants was observed in the two commercial tomato fields. In addition, two symptomatic tomato plants obtained from two different retail garden centers tested positive for TYLCV using PCR and both primer sets. Infected plants in both retail garden centers were produced by an out-of-state nursery; this form of "across-state" distribution may be one means of entry of TYLCV into South Carolina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV in South Carolina. Reference: (1) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.
Quantification of lesion size, depth, and uptake using a dual‐head molecular breast imaging system (2008)

A method to perform quantitative lesion analysis in molecular breast imaging (MBI) was developed using the opposing views from a novel dual-head dedicated gamma camera. Monte Carlo simulations and phantom models were used to simulate MBI images with known lesion parameters. A relationship between the full widths at 25%, 35%, and 50% of the maximum of intensity profiles through lesions and the true lesion diameter as a function of compressed breast thickness was developed in order to measure lesion diameter. Using knowledge of compressed breast thickness and the attenuation of gamma rays in soft tissue, a method was developed to measure the depth of the lesion to the collimator face. Using the measured lesion diameter and measurements of counts in the lesion and background breast region, relative radiotracer uptake or tumor to background ratio (T/B ratio) was calculated. Validation of the methods showed that the size, depth, and T/B ratio can be accurately measured for a range of small breast lesions with T/B ratios between 10:1 and 40:1 in breasts with compressed thicknesses between 4 and 10 cm. Future applications of this work include providing information about lesion location in patients for performing a biopsy of site and the development of a threshold for the T/B ratio that can distinguish benign from malignant disease.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antiprotozoal Activities of Dicationic 3,5-Diphenylisoxazoles (2007)

3,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)isoxazole (3)-an analogue of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (furamidine) in which the central furan ring is replaced by isoxazole-and 42 novel analogues were prepared by two general synthetic pathways. The 43 isoxazole derivatives were assayed against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. brucei rhodesiense) STIB900, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) K1, and rat myoblast L6 cells (for cytotoxicity) in vitro. Eleven compounds (3, 13, 16-18, 22, 26, 29, 31, 37, and 41) exhibited antitrypanosomal IC50 values less than 10 nM, five of which displayed cytotoxic indices (ratios of cytotoxic IC50 to antiprotozoal IC50 values) at least 10 times higher than that of furamidine. Eighteen compounds (4-8, 12, 14, 18-22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, and 43) were more active against P. falciparum than furamidine, with IC50 values less than 15 nM. Fourteen of these compounds had cytotoxic indices ranging between 10 and 120 times higher than that of furamidine, and five analogues exhibited high selectivity for P. falciparum over T. brucei rhodesiense.
Porphyrin-Implanted Carbon Nanodots for Photoacoustic Imaging and in Vivo Breast Cancer Ablation (2018)

The incorporation of intensive light absorbing porphyrins macrocycles with biocompatible nanoparticles would lead to new nanomaterials with multiple imaging and therapeutic modalities. Herein, a facile synthetic strategy has been applied to prepare porphyrin-implanted carbon nanodots (PNDs) by partial and selective pyrolysis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and citric acid (CA) at an appropriate temperature. As-prepared PNDs exhibit not only the excellent stability and biocompatibility characteristic of carbon nanodots but also the unique properties of porphyrin macrocycle such as strong UV–visible and near-infrared absorption, specifically, high photodynamic therapy efficiency. More importantly, the PNDs with near-infrared absorption could act as a contrast agent for photoacoustic molecular imaging with deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution. The Cetuximab-conjugated porphyrin-based carbon nanodots (C225-PNDs) have been further prepared to precisely target the cancer cells (HCC827 and MDA-MB-231 cells) with overexpression of EGFR, leading to highly efficient photodynamic therapy upon two-photo excitation at 800 nm. A complete ablation of tumor together with an enhanced photoacoustic contrast ability for C225-PNDs have been further validated in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer.
SU‐E‐J‐36: Combining CBCT Dose Into IMRT Treatment Planning (2014)

Purpose: Cone beam CT (CBCT) is increasingly used in patient setup for IMRT. Daily CBCT may provide effective localization, however, it introduces concern over excessive imaging dose. Previous studies investigated the calculation of excess CBCT dose, however, no study has yet treated this dose as a source of therapeutic radiation, optimized in consideration of PTV and OARs constrains. Here we present a novel combined MV+kV inverse optimization engine to weave the CBCT and MV dose together such that CBCT dose is used for both imaging and therapeutic purposes. This may mitigate some of the excess imaging dose effects of daily CBCT and allow complete evaluation of the CBCT dose prior to treatment. Methods: The EGSnrc Monte Carlo system was used to model a Varian Trilogy CBCT system and 6 MV treatment beam. Using the model, the dose to patient from treatment beam and imaging beam was calculated for ten patients. The standard IMRT objective function was modified to include CBCT dose. Treatment plan optimization using the MOSEK optimization tool was performed retrospectively with and without assuming kV radiation dose from CBCT, assuming one CBCT per fraction. Results: Across ten patients, the CBCT delivered peaks of between .4% and 3.0% of the prescription dose to the PTV, with average CBCT dose to the PTV between .3% and .8%. By including CBCT dose to skin as a constraint during optimization, peak skin dose is reduced by between 1.9% and 7.4%, and average skin dose is reduced by .2% to 3.3%. Conclusions: Pre‐treatment CBCT may deliver a substantial amount of radiation dose to the target volume. By considering CBCT dose to skin at the point of treatment planning, it is possible to reduce patient skin dose from current clinical levels, and to provide patient treatment with the improved accuracy that daily CBCT provides.
Preliminary study of oscillating triangular jets (2001)

A visualisation experiment and measurements with a Pitot probe show that fluidic instability of a partially confined triangular jet can produce a continuously oscillating flow. The device which produces this flow consists of a triangular inlet orifice expanding into a short axisymmetric chamber with an exit lip. These oscillations occur over a wide range of chamber lengths and expansion ratios. The amplitude of oscillation and the initial spreading angle of the jet flow are much larger than that of a simple jet flow. The external oscillating jet has preferred azimuthal directions which are aligned with the corners of the triangular orifice. The energy loss coefficient of these jets is significantly lower than what can be achieved from a precessing circular jet.
Common Structure of Rare Replication-Deficient E1-Positive Particles in Adenoviral Vector Batches (2004)

The use of the PER.C6 adenovirus packaging cell line in combination with a designated vector plasmid system, whereby the cell line and vector with E1 deleted have no sequence overlap, eliminates the generation of replication-competent adenovirus during vector production. However, we have found cytopathic effect (CPE)-inducing particles in 2 out of more than 40 large-scale manufacturing lots produced in PER.C6 cells. The CPE inducer was detected at a frequency of 1 event in 7.5 x 10(12) vector particles. Despite amplification, it was not readily purified, indicating that the agent itself is replication deficient and requires the parental recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector for replication and packaging. Therefore, we designated the agent as a helper-dependent E1-positive region containing viral particle (HDEP). Here, we report the molecular structure of the HDEP genome, revealing an Ad comprised of E1 sequences derived from PER.C6 cells flanked by inverted terminal repeat, packaging signal, and transgene sequences. These sequences form a palindromic structure devoid of E2, E3, E4, and late genes. Since only 5 bp were shared between E1 sequences in the PER.C6 genome and viral vector sequences, the data strongly suggested that insertion of genomic DNA into an adenoviral genome had occurred essentially via nonhomologous recombination. HDEPs have been found in unrelated virus batches and appear to share a common structure that may explain their mechanism of generation. This finding allowed development of an HDEP assay to screen batches of rAd5 produced on the PER.C6 cell line and resulted in detection of seven HDEP agents from four different transgene-virus vector constructs in separate batches of Ad.
A Rigid Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand Leads to Isolation of Low‐Coordinate Transition‐Metal Complexes (2005)

A protecting wall for low-coordinate metal centers, reinforced by agostic interactions, is provided by a rigid cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand (CAAC), as shown by the preparation of [RhCl(CO)(CAAC)] and [Pd(All)(CAAC)]+BF4− complexes (All=allyl). The former is related to the active species of Wilkinson's catalyst, and the latter is the first isolated cationic, formally 14-electron PdII species.
Evidence that the <i>Arabidopsis</i> nuclear gibberellin signalling protein GAI is not destabilised by gibberellin (2002)

Plant growth is regulated by bioactive gibberellin (GA), although there is an unexplained diversity in the magnitude of the GA responses exhibited by different plant species. GA acts via a group of orthologous proteins known as the DELLA proteins. The Arabidopsis genome contains genes encoding five different DELLA proteins, the best known of which are GAI and RGA. The DELLA proteins are thought to act as repressors of GA-regulated processes, whilst GA is thought to act as a negative regulator of DELLA protein function. Recent experiments have shown that GA induces rapid disappearance of nuclear RGA, SLR1 and SLN1 (DELLA proteins from rice and barley), suggesting that GA signalling and degradation of DELLA proteins are coupled. However, RGL1, another Arabidopsis DELLA protein, does not disappear from the nucleus in response to GA treatment. Here, we present evidence suggesting that GAI, like RGL1, is stable in response to GA treatment, and show that transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing constructs that enable high-level expression of GAI exhibit a dwarf, GA non-responsive phenotype. Thus, GAI appears to be less affected by GA than RGA, SLR1 or SLN1. We also show that neither of the two putative nuclear localisation signals contained in DELLA proteins are individually necessary for nuclear localisation of GAI. The various DELLA proteins have different properties, and we suggest that this functional diversity may explain, at least in part, why plant species differ widely in their GA response magnitudes.