gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research approaches for studying flow-induced thromboembolic complications in blood recirculating devices (2004)

The advent of implantable blood recirculating devices has provided life-saving solutions to patients with severe cardiovascular diseases. Recently it has been reported that ventricular assist devices are superior to drug therapy. The implantable total artificial heart is showing promise as a potential solution to the chronic shortage of available heart transplants. Prosthetic heart valves are routinely used for replacing diseased heart valves. However, all of these devices share a common problem--significant complications such as hemolysis and thromboembolism often arise after their implantation. Elevated flow stresses that are present in the nonphysiologic geometries of blood recirculating devices, enhance their propensity to initiate thromboembolism by chronically activating the blood platelets. This, rather than hemolysis, appears to be the salient aspect of blood trauma in devices. Limitations in characterizing and controlling relevant aspects of the flow-induced mechanical stimuli and the platelet response, hampers our ability to achieve design optimization for these devices. The main objective of this article is to describe state-of-the-art numerical, experimental, and in vivo tools, that facilitate elucidation of flow-induced mechanisms leading to thromboembolism in prosthetic devices. Such techniques are giving rise to an accountable model for flow-induced thrombogenicity, and to a methodology that has the potential to transform current device design and testing practices. It might lead to substantial time and cost savings during the research and development phase, and has the potential to reduce the risks that patients implanted with these devices face, lower the ensuing healthcare costs, and offer viable long-term solutions for these patients.
Neuroprotective role of icariin in experimental spinal cord injury via its antioxidant, anti‑neuroinflammatory and anti‑apoptotic properties (2019)

Icariin is a type of flavonoid derived from the Chinese herbal plant Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. Mounting evidence has confirmed the beneficial effects of icariin in neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of icariin in SCI and the precise underlying mechanism. The weight‑drop injury technique was applied to construct an SCI model in Sprague‑Dawley rats. Icariin (35 µmol/kg) was administered orally once daily for 7 consecutive days to examine its neuroprotective effects. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring system was used for neurobehavioral evaluation. The water content of the injured spinal cord was measured via the dry‑wet weight method. Biochemical indices were examined by colorimetric assay using commercially available kits. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression. Icariin significantly accelerated the recovery of the locomotor function of SCI rats and decreased spinal cord water content. Icariin also attenuated SCI‑induced pro‑apoptotic protein expression and activity, while it increased anti‑apoptotic protein levels. In addition, icariin alleviated oxidative stress in SCI rats and decreased the levels of inflammatory molecules, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, nitric oxide, nuclear factor‑κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and increased the expression of anti‑inflammatory proteins, including NADPH‑quinone oxidoreductase‑1, heme oxygenase‑1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 in the injured spinal cord. Therefore, icariin treatment accelerated locomotor function recovery in SCI, and its protective effects may be mediated via its antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic bioactivity.
Geobotanical field activities for learning landscape interpretation concepts and methods for university students (2022)

The landscapes of various areas of southern Spain are studied, for this we rely on the methodology previously established by other researchers, through which a complete diagnosis of a territory is reached, since the series and geoseries of vegetation are revealed. Being a study of natural reality, the abstract character presented by concepts such as sigmetum, sinassociation, series, geoserie, climatófilo, edafoxerofilo, catena; it is perfectly clarified to the student, which makes the student progress efficiently, coming to the fore the acquisition of practical knowledge compared to theoretical ones. For this reason practical teaching acquires preponderance, since it not only provides knowledge, but also development of cognitive and psychomotor skills, which are essential in the acquisition of skills and development of the individual's personality.
Time-Shared Multiplexing System Applied to Motor Vehicles (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Although motor vehicle electrical systems have been continuously increasing in complexity over the past 30 years or so, little attention has been paid to the wiring harness beyond changes to packaging and terminations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Sporadic efforts have been made to demonstrate the practicability of systems which, by virtue of the use of a power supply ring, have borne the somewhat misleading name of Ring Main Signalling systems. All have attempted to simplify the unwieldy conventional harness by replacing it with a number of signalling leads packaged with the power ring.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper deals primarily with the application of a Time-shared Multiplexing System to public service vehicles and postulates the advantages of such a system over others which have been proposed.</div>
Artificial Oxygen Carriers, Hemoglobin Vesicles and Albumin−Hemes, Based on Bioconjugate Chemistry (2009)

Hemoglobin (Hb, Mw: 64 500) and albumin (Mw: 66 500) are major protein components in our circulatory system. On the basis of bioconjugate chemistry of these proteins, we have synthesized artificial O2 carriers of two types, which will be useful as transfusion alternatives in clinical situations. Along with sufficient O2 transporting capability, they show no pathogen, no blood type antigen, biocompatibility, stability, capability for long-term storage, and prompt degradation in vivo. Herein, we present the latest results from our research on these artificial O2 carriers, Hb-vesicles (HbV) and albumin−hemes. (i) HbV is a cellular type Hb-based O2 carrier. Phospholipid vesicles (liposomes, 250 nm diameter) encapsulate highly purified and concentrated human Hb (35 g/dL) to mimic the red blood cell (RBC) structure and eliminate side effects of molecular Hb such as vasoconstriction. The particle surface is modified with PEG-conjugated phospholipids, thereby improving blood compatibility and dispersion stability. Manipulation of physicochemical parameters of HbV, such as O2 binding affinity and suspension rheology, supports the use of HbV for versatile medical applications. (ii) Human serum albumin (HSA) incorporates synthetic Fe2+porphyrin (FeP) to yield unique albumin-based O2 carriers. Changing the chemical structure of incorporated FeP controls O2 binding parameters. In fact, PEG-modified HSA-FeP showed good blood compatibility and O2 transport in vivo. Furthermore, the genetically engineered heme pocket in HSA can confer O2 binding ability to the incorporated natural Fe2+protoporphyrin IX (heme). The O2 binding affinity of the recombinant HSA (rHSA)-heme is adjusted to a similar value to that of RBC through optimization of the amino acid residues around the coordinated O2.
Polymorphic mature microRNAs from passenger strand of pre-miR-146a contribute to thyroid cancer (2009)

Prior work has shown that heterozygosity G/C of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs2910164) within the precursor of microRNA-146a predisposes to PTC (odds ratio = 1.62, P = 0.000007) although the mechanism was unclear. Here, we show that GC heterozygotes differ from both GG and CC homozygotes by producing 3 mature microRNAs: 1 from the leading strand (miR-146a), and 2 from the passenger strand (miR-146a*G and miR-146a*C), each with its distinct set of target genes. TaqMan analysis of paired tumor/normal samples revealed 1.5- to 2.6-fold overexpression of polymorphic miR-146a* in 7 of 8 tumors compared with the unaffected part of the same gland. The microarray data showed that widely different transcriptomes occurred in the tumors and in unaffected parts of the thyroid from GC and GG patients. The modulated genes are mainly involved in regulation of apoptosis leading to exaggerated DNA-damage response in heterozygotes potentially explaining the predisposition to cancer. We propose that contrary to previously held views transcripts from the passenger strand of miRs can profoundly affect the downstream effects. Heterozygosity for polymorphisms within the premiR sequence can cause epistasis through the production of additional mature miRs. We propose that mature miRs from the passenger strand may regulate many genetic processes.
Temporal partitioning of data flow graphs for reconfigurable architectures (2014)

In this paper, we present the famous temporal partitioning algorithms that temporally partition a data flow graph on reconfigurable systems. We have classified these algorithms into four classes: 1) whole latency optimisation algorithms; 2) whole communication cost optimisation algorithms; 3) whole area optimisation algorithms; 4) whole latency-communication cost optimisation algorithms. These algorithms can be used to solve the temporal partitioning problem at the behaviour level.
Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to changes in external osmolarity (1996)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Human postnatal CD4- CD8- CD3- thymic T cell precursors differentiate in vitro into T cell receptor delta-bearing cells. (1989)

The signals required for activation and the differentiation of human triple negative postnatal thymocytes were studied in vitro. Highly purified populations of CD4-, CD8-, CD3- (triple negative) thymocytes were isolated by combined panning and preparative cell sorting and the ability of triple negative thymocytes to proliferate in response to various cytokines determined. Maximal triple negative proliferation was obtained using a mitogenic combination of CD2 antibodies and either rIL-2 or the phorbol ester, PMA. Long term growth (2 to 6 wk) of postnatal triple negative thymocytes was best achieved using CD2 antibodies and rIL-2. After in vitro culture with CD2 antibodies and rIL-2, triple negative thymocytes gave rise to TCR-delta+ cells beginning on day 2 of culture (approximately 15% CD3/TCR-delta+) reaching maximum (approximately 60% CD3/TCR-delta+) on day 7 with stable number of TCR-delta+ cells observed in vitro for up to 6 wk. Analysis of 30 clones of human postnatal triple negative thymocytes demonstrated 9 of 30 (30%) were TCR-delta+, beta F1-, essentially ruling out overgrowth of the triple negative population over time by a minor pool of contaminating TCR-delta+ cells. Thus, these studies have defined an in vitro culture system for human postnatal T cell precursors and demonstrated that precursors of human TCR-gamma delta+ T cells reside in the triple negative thymocyte pool.
1,2-N,N-Dimethylaminomethylferrocenyl as a ligand towards titanium and vanadium (1996)

Organometallic complexes of titanium(IV) and vanadium(III) containing monodentate and bidentate 1,2-N,N-dimethyl- aminomethylferrocenyl (L–) are synthesised and unequivocally characterised, some by crystal structure analysis; in addition, in one titanium derivative, L– generates a novel tridentate ligand by intramolecular C–H activation of a methyl substituent on the tertiary amino group.
Writing electronic nanometer structures into porous Si films by scanning tunneling microscopy (1994)

Under conditions of increased tunnel current and voltage, with the electron flow directed towards the sample, nanometer-scale structures have been written into ultrathin (∼20 nm) light-emitting porous silicon (PS) films using scanning tunneling microscopy in a high-vacuum environment. For the writing process, a threshold voltage of ∼4.5 V is observed and the resulting dimensions range between 20 and 50 nm. Depending on the writing parameters, the modified regions relax or remain stable during the observation time of several days at room temperature. These results can be assigned, in the first case, to a disruption of a small number of bonds, followed by reconfiguration, and a charging of dangling bond sites, followed by carrier release, in near surface regions. In the latter case, the creation of time-stable defect states within the PS layer is proposed.
Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: Implications for clinical diagnosis (1996)

The present study reports on the prevalence of the DSM-IV symptoms for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of 720 adults applying for or renewing their driver's licenses in central Massachusetts (ages 17-84 years). Symptoms were assessed using two self- report rating scales: One for current symptoms and a second for retrospective recall of child hood symptoms (ages 5-12 yrs.). Three age groups were created: 17-29, 30-49, and 50+ years. All scores and symptom counts for both scales declined significantly with age for both disorders. Males and females did not differ significantly on scores for current symptoms. However, for recall of childhood symptoms, males obtained higher scores than females. Requiring that DSM-IV diagnostic thresholds be met for both current and childhood symptoms, the prevalence of adult ADHD was found to be 1.3% for the Inattentive Type, 2.5% for the Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and 0.9% for the Combined Type. The prevalence of all subtypes was below that found in most studies of children. While these results imply that ADHD subtypes may be less prevalent in adults, the lower prevalence could also have been due to DSM-IV diagnostic thresholds being too restrictive (i.e., >99th percentile) for use in the diagnosis of adults with ADHD. Further research is recommended to evaluate whether future DSMs should consider establishing thresholds that are developmentally (age) referenced rather than fixed across the lifespan.
Phospho-Aldol Catalysis via Chiral Schiff Base Complexes of Aluminum (2000)

Chiral complexes of aluminum containing the salcyen ligand framework, [(R,R)-salcyen]AlX (X = Me, OSiMe2tBu), catalyze the asymmetric addition of diorgano-H-phosphonates to carbonyls: the phospho-aldol reaction. Reaction proceeds smoothly at ambient temperature in various solvents and under aerobic conditions, to afford α-hydroxyphosphonate esters (MeO)2P(O)CHR(OH), with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) <50%. Although catalyst activity is linked to the nature of X, ee's appear to be only slightly affected. Substitution within the chiral salcyen ligand framework seems to affect ee principally where there is a steric or structural change near the metal center. Although catalysis is tolerant of small quantities of water, excess water leads to attenuation of enantioselectivity through decomposition of catalyst to afford hydrated aluminas which competes through achiral phospho-aldol catalysis. Kinetic analyses reveal a second-order polynomial relationship of the form x/([A0] − x)[A0] = k2t + k2t2, where [A0] is the initial concentration of H-phosphonate and carbonyl and x the degree of reaction. This may suggest that the metal complex must first be converted to another, more active precursor prior to catalytic turnover. Hammett analyses suggest that carbonyl binding to the metal center results in enhanced ee's, while single-crystal analyses on four aluminum complexes support the view that twisting of the ligand framework, as measured by the five-coordinate τ parameter, from a purely meridional geometry may be advantageous to stereoselectivity. Strategies for future developments are discussed in light of the results herein.
Real‐time imaging of β‐lactoglobulin‐targeted luciferase activity in the mammary glands of transgenic mice (2001)

This study was aimed at establishing a new platform for real-time monitoring of milk-protein gene expression in the mammary glands. A transgenic reporter composed of the beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)/luciferase hybrid gene was targeted to the mammary glands of pregnant and lactating mice and luciferase activity was imaged in vivo with a low-light imaging system. The mammary glands of a 17-day pregnant mouse occupied an area comparable to that of a 6-day lactating mouse. Nevertheless, the intensity of the luciferase signal was much weaker and confined to regions in the inguinal and thoracic glands. A few small and defined locations of higher expression were also detected, indicating diversity in the initiation of this transgenic milk protein expression. In the lactating mice, high inter- and intra-heterogeneity among regions in a particular gland and among glands was demonstrated, and confirmed by ex vivo analysis of luciferase activity in mammary biopsies. The lack of correlation between luciferase activities and levels of beta-casein accumulation in these biopsies resulted, most probably, from the longer half-life of the native milk protein, compared to the activity of the transgenic marker in the tissue. Unilateral sealing of mammary glands for 4 hr resulted in complete abrogation of luciferase activity, establishing the BLG/luciferase transgene as a reliable tool to follow short-term stimuli. Dispersed mammary epithelial cells preserved luciferase activity in culture, and thus could be used for following mammary gland development after re-implantation. The bioluminescence-based methodology presented here eliminates averaging of heterogeneity in gene expression among glands, and misinterpretations resulting from sampling biopsies taken from inactive regions. Imaging luciferase expression in the mammary glands may enable an accurate monitoring of milk-protein gene expression during cyclic periods of development and apoptosis in a limited number of animals, and could be applied for reporting the consequences of selected drugs on milk-protein gene expression.
Molecular constituents of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver by imaging infrared spectroscopy (2015)

Infrared (IR) imaging spectroscopy of human liver tissue slices has been used to identify and characterize liver metastasis of colorectal origin which was surgically removed from a consenting patient and frozen without formalin fixation or dehydration procedures, so that lipids and water remain in the tissues. First, a k-means clustering analysis, using metrics from the IR spectra, identified groups within the image. The groups were identified as tumor or nontumor regions by comparing to an H and E stain of the same sample after IR imaging. Then, calibrant IR spectra of protein, several fats, glycogen, and polyvinyl alcohol were isolated by differencing spectra from different regions or groups in the image space. Finally, inner products (or scores) of the IR spectra at each pixel in the image with each of the various calibrants were calculated showing how the calibrant molecules vary in tumor and nontumor regions. In this particular case, glycogen and protein changes enable separation of tumor and nontumor regions as shown with a contour plot of the glycogen scores versus the protein scores.
An Evaluation of Cyclophosphamide as an Immunomodulator in Multiple Septic Animal Models (1988)

Cyclophosphamide has shown promise as an immunomodulator in early animal trials involving mice and guinea pigs. To test the effectiveness of this agent in a rat model, 268 adult Lewis rats were subjected to a 30% total body surface area burn and were challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 administered intraperitoneally on postburn day 1 or 4, or painted on the burn wounds on postburn day 1. The animals were then followed up to determine mean survival times and survival rate percentages. Cyclophosphamide was administered to the animals on postburn days 0, 2, and 4 at a dose of either 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, or 15.0 mg/kg. A final group received saline. None of the doses significantly prolonged survival in any of the septic models, and the 15 mg/kg dose significantly shortened it in all three models. Thus, the beneficial immunomodulatory effects previously seen in mouse and guinea pig models were not seen in the rat model. Further animal investigations would appear to be indicated before human studies are undertaken.
Mint Condition (2006)

Other| November 01 2006 Mint Condition Mike White Mike White Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google the minnesota review (2006) 2006 (65-66): 20. https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-2006-65-66-20 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Mike White; Mint Condition. the minnesota review 1 November 2006; 2006 (65-66): 20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00265667-2006-65-66-20 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalsthe minnesota review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2006 the minnesota review2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Influence of condensation temperature on selected exhaled breath parameters (2005)

The cooling temperature of exhaled breath condensate collection influenced selected biomarkers and potential normalizing factors (particularly conductivity) in different ways ex vivo. The temperature of exhaled breath condensate collection should be controlled and reported.
Elucidating the Metabolic Plasticity of Cancer: Mitochondrial Reprogramming and Hybrid Metabolic States (2018)

Aerobic glycolysis, also referred to as the Warburg effect, has been regarded as the dominant metabolic phenotype in cancer cells for a long time. More recently, it has been shown that mitochondria in most tumors are not defective in their ability to carry out oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Instead, in highly aggressive cancer cells, mitochondrial energy pathways are reprogrammed to meet the challenges of high energy demand, better utilization of available fuels and macromolecular synthesis for rapid cell division and migration. Mitochondrial energy reprogramming is also involved in the regulation of oncogenic pathways via mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling and post-translational modification of oncoproteins. In addition, neoplastic mitochondria can engage in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. For example, signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can drive tumor mitochondria to utilize OXPHOS, a process known as the reverse Warburg effect. Emerging evidence shows that cancer cells can acquire a hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype in which both glycolysis and OXPHOS can be utilized for energy production and biomass synthesis. The hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype facilitates metabolic plasticity of cancer cells and may be specifically associated with metastasis and therapy-resistance. Moreover, cancer cells can switch their metabolism phenotypes in response to external stimuli for better survival. Taking into account the metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells, therapies targeting cancer metabolic dependency in principle can be made more effective.