gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vinyl Chloride and <i>cis</i>-Dichloroethene Dechlorination Kinetics and Microorganism Growth under Substrate Limiting Conditions (2004)

The reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) at contaminated sites often results in the accumulation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), rather than the nonhazardous end product ethene. This accumulation may be caused by the absence of appropriate microorganisms, insufficient supply of donor substrate, or reaction kinetic limitations. Here, we address the issue of reaction kinetic limitations by investigating the effect of limiting substrate concentrations (electron donor and acceptor) on DCE and VC dechlorination kinetics and microorganism growth by bacterium VS. For this, a model based on Monod kinetics, but also accounting for competition between electron acceptors and the effect of low electron donor and acceptor concentrations (dual-substrate kinetics), was examined. Competitive coefficients for VC (7.8 +/- 1.5 microM) and DCE (3.6 +/- 1.1 microM) were obtained and included in the model. The half velocity coefficient for hydrogen, the electron donor, was experimentally determined (7 +/- 2 nM) through investigating dechlorination over different substrate concentrations. This complete model was then used, along with experimental data, to determine substrate concentrations at which the dechlorinating microorganisms would be in net decay. Notably, the model indicates net decay will result if the total electron acceptor concentration (DCE plus VC) is below 0.7 microM, regardless of electron donor levels. The ability to achieve sustainable bioremediation to acceptable levels can be greatly influenced by this threshold level.
Differential distribution of subsets of myofibrillar proteins in cardiac nonstriated and striated myofibrils. (1990)

Cultured cardiac myocytes were stained with antibodies to sarcomeric alpha-actinin, troponin-I, alpha-actin, myosin heavy chain (MHC), titin, myomesin, C-protein, and vinculin. Attention was focused on the distribution of these proteins with respect to nonstriated myofibrils (NSMFs) and striated myofibrils (SMFs). In NSMFs, alpha-actinin is found as longitudinally aligned, irregular approximately 0.3-microns aggregates. Such aggregates are associated with alpha-actin, troponin-I, and titin. These I-Z-I-like complexes are also found as ectopic patches outside the domain of myofibrils in close apposition to the ventral surface of the cell. MHC is found outside of SMFs in the form of discrete fibrils. The temporal-spatial distribution and accumulation of the MHC-fibrils with respect to the I-Z-I-like complexes varies greatly along the length of the NSMFs. There are numerous instances of I-Z-I-like complexes without associated MHC-fibrils, and also cases of MHC-fibrils located many microns from I-Z-I-like complexes. The transition between the terminal approximately 1.7-microns sarcomere of any given SMF and its distal NSMF-tip is abrupt and is marked by a characteristic narrow alpha-actinin Z-band and vinculin positive adhesion plaque. A titin antibody T20, which localizes to an epitope at the Z-band in SMFs, precisely costains the 0.3-microns alpha-actinin aggregates in ectopic patches and NSMFs. Another titin antibody T1, which in SMFs localizes to an epitope at the A-I junction, typically does not stain ectopic patches and NSMFs. Where detectable, the T1-positive material is adjacent to rather than part of the 0.3-microns alpha-actinin aggregates. Myomesin and C-protein are found only in their characteristic sarcomeric locations (even in just perceptible SMFs). These A-band-associated proteins appear to be absent in ectopic patches and NSMFs.
Design of peer-to-peer groupware integrated with interactive browser for active information sharing and collaboration support (2004)

In this study, we propose and develop an open-source groupware system called Netlsle. Netlsle is a general-purpose groupware system for uniform open groups that integrate a number of tools for online collaboration to ensure fast information exchange and sharing, increase the productivity of working groups, and reduce maintenance and administration costs. The main technologies used for the construction of the system are peer-to-peer (P2P) and push, which are best fitted to those principles and beliefs we build our system upon.
Guest editorial: Evolutionary psychology and consumption (2003)

Abstract Consumer behavior is discussed as a biobehavioral phenomenon and considered in light of evolutionary theory. Current consumer choices are viewed as shaped in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), and the expression of these evolved behavioral repertoires in modern consumer settings such as malls, grocery stores, and on‐line shopping are analyzed in terms of evolutionary psychology. A variety of empirical studies confirm that consumption conforms to predictions made from sexual strategies, reciprocal altruism, foraging, and matching theories. Further explorations of consumer behavior and marketing practices from an evolutionary psychology perspective are a promising area for future research. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photomodulation of the nucleating activity of a photocleavable crosslinked actin dimer. (1992)

The ability to generate substrate concentration jumps through photo-deprotection of amine, carboxyl and phosphate groups has been an important development for investigations of protein activity in complex systems. To broaden the versatility and applications of photo-deprotection techniques for the photomodulation of protein activity we describe the synthesis and characterisation of a reagent for generating free thiol from thioether groups and a related photocleavable, heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent. Chemical and spectroscopic studies of a model thiol protected derivative were used to show some features of thiol group photodeprotection. To demonstrate how the photocleavable crosslinking reagent may be used to modulate the activity of proteins we investigated the effect of light on the nucleating activity of crosslinked actin dimer; thus following near-ultraviolet irradiation of the actin dimer the crosslink was cleaved, presumeably at the thioether bond, resulting in the concomitant dissociation of dimer, loss of nucleating activity and creation of a concentration jump of polymerisable G-actin monomer. On the basis of this initial study we discuss applications and limitations of these reagents for the photomodulation of protein activity in vitro and in vivo.
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain elicits a potent neutralizing response without antibody-dependent enhancement (2020)

SUMMARY The SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein mediates entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S protein engages ACE2 through its receptor-binding domain (RBD), an independently folded 197-amino acid fragment of the 1273-amino acid S-protein protomer. Antibodies to the RBD domain of SARS-CoV (SARS-CoV-1), a closely related coronavirus which emerged in 2002-2003, have been shown to potently neutralize SARS-CoV-1 S-protein-mediated entry, and the presence of anti-RBD antibodies correlates with neutralization in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera. Here we show that immunization with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD elicits a robust neutralizing antibody response in rodents, comparable to 100 µg/ml of ACE2-Ig, a potent SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Importantly, anti-sera from immunized animals did not mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of S-protein-mediated entry under conditions in which Zika virus ADE was readily observed. These data suggest that an RBD-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 could be safe and effective.
Gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839) inhibits the growth response of bladder tumour cell lines to epidermal growth factor and induces TIMP2 (2004)

The effect of EGF stimulation and its inhibition with gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839), an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been investigated in two EGFR-positive human bladder tumour cell lines, RT112 and RT4. The growth of RT112 cells in a medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum was inhibited by 50% with 10 microM gefitinib, whereas this dose completely inhibited RT4 cell growth. Cells were more sensitive to growth inhibition in the serum-free medium. Increased growth of cells in the serum-free medium was observed with 10 or 50 ng x ml(-1) EGF and the proliferative effect of EGF stimulation in both cell lines was inhibited in the presence of 1 microM, but not 0.1 microM gefitinib. Zymography of the conditioned medium from RT112 cells treated with EGF and gefitinib showed a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) concentrations. Western blot analysis showed that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP1) increased in the conditioned medium from RT112 cells treated with EGF, and this was partially inhibited with both 1 and 5 microM gefitinib. Conversely, TIMP2 decreased with EGF stimulation and this was reversed with gefitinib. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 had no effect on the growth of either cell line. These studies show alterations in the balance of MMPs and their inhibitors in EGF-stimulated bladder tumour cells, which are reversed by gefitinib, suggesting gefitinib should be investigated for its effect on human bladder tumours.
A Robust and Extensible Tool for Data Integration Using Data Type Models (2015)

Integrating heterogeneous data sets has been a significant barrier to many analytics tasks, due to the variety in structure and level of cleanliness of raw data sets requiring one-off ETL code. We propose HiperFuse, which significantly automates the data integration process by providing a declarative interface, robust type inference, extensible domain-specific data models, and a data integration planner which optimizes for plan completion time. The proposed tool is designed for schema-less data querying, code reuse within specific domains, and robustness in the face of messy unstructured data. To demonstrate the tool and its reference implementation, we show the requirements and execution steps for a use case in which IP addresses from a web clickstream log are joined with census data to obtain average income for particular site visitors (IPs), and offer preliminary performance results and qualitative comparisons to existing data integration and ETL tools.
Management of Hyposalivation and Xerostomia: Criteria for Treatment Strategies. (2015)

Saliva management in patients with hyposalivation is potentially complex. Future development of oral care products and treatment strategies requires attention to the biology of saliva and the best means of providing a continuum of relief for people with xerostomia--the sensation of dry mouth--and hyposalivation--documented reduction in saliva flow. Improvement in patient care requires that clinicians be aware of approaches to management, desirable qualities of methods and products, and that they seek the development of products that support the functions of saliva and promote comfort and health. In this brief review of the epidemiology of hyposalivation, the biology and functions of saliva are presented in order to guide clinical decision-making to address the needs of patients with dry mouth.
Metoclopramide nasal spray is effective in symptoms of gastroparesis in diabetics compared to conventional oral tablet (2013)

Metoclopramide nasal spray offers better symptom control than metoclopramide oral tablet in diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis.
A novel one-step expression and immobilization method for the production of biocatalytic preparations (2015)

In this study the feasibility of a new one-step expression and immobilization technique for the generation of biocatalytic preparations was demonstrated. The technique could be a useful tool especially for enzyme systems, which are not suitable for whole-cell biocatalysts due to severe mass transfer limitations or undesired side reactions mediated by cytosolic enzymes.
An Overview of Vulnerabilities of Voice Controlled Systems (2018)

Over the last few years, a rapidly increasing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems that adopt voice as the primary user input have emerged. These systems have been shown to be vulnerable to various types of voice spoofing attacks. However, how exactly these techniques differ or relate to each other has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we provide a survey of recent attack and defense techniques for voice controlled systems and propose a classification of these techniques. We also discuss the need for a universal defense strategy that protects a system from various types of attacks.
Nano-Structured Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors for Efficient Spintronics at Room Temperature (2020)

In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop advanced metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with exotic magnetic properties for modern applications w.r.t traditional analogues. Dilute magnetic semiconductor oxides (DMSOs) are promising candidates for superior control over the charge and spin degrees of freedom. DMSOs are transparent, wide band gap materials with induced ferromagnetism in doping, with a minor percentage of magnetic 3d cation to create a long-range antiferromagnetic order. Although significant efforts have been carried out to achieve DMSO with ferromagnetic properties above room temperature, it is a great challenge that still exists. However, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO and In2O3 with wide band gaps of 3.2, 3.6, 3.2 and 2.92 eV, respectively, can host a broad range of dopants to generate various compositions. Interestingly, a reduction in the size of these binary oxides can induce ferromagnetism, even at room temperature, due to the grain boundary, presence of defects and oxygen vacancies. The present review provides a panorama of the structural analysis and magnetic properties of DMSOs based on binary metal oxides nanomaterials with various ferromagnetic or paramagnetic dopants, e.g., Co, V, Fe and Ni, which exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behaviors at room temperature.
Views for Multilevel Database Security (1987)

Because views on relational database systems mathematically define arbitrary sets of stored and derived data, they have been proposed as a way of handling context-and content-dependent classification, dynamic classification, inference, aggregation, and sanitization in multilevel database systems. This paper describes basic view concepts for a multilevel-secure relational database model that addresses the above issues. All data entering the database are labeled according to views called classification constraints, which specify access classes for related data. In addition, views called aggregation constraints restrict access to aggregates of information. All data accesses are confined to a third set of views called access views.
Modelling and Optimization of SCR-Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a modelling approach to the design optimization of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The present study is concerned with ammonia slip and conversion efficiency of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are two major issues of SCR technologies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code is employed to simulate the mixing characteristics with the purpose of optimization of the concentration distribution of the reducing agent. The physical processes including urea spray atomization, droplet evaporation, urea decomposition and turbulent mixing are accounted for in the modelling method. The Lagrangian discrete phase model is used to describe the urea spray, which contains sub-models for droplet breakup and evaporation. A reaction model of urea decomposition is proposed. The geometry of a specific example includes two air-assisted fluid nozzles, optimized mixing elements of the static mixer, and the SCR converter with two layers of substrates. The mal-distribution index of the ammonia at different cross sections is predicted and compared with that of a base case. In addition, the velocity distribution and pressure drop in the SCR converter are analyzed with the consideration of flow resistances of the catalyst substrates and perforated plates. The flow distribution is optimized using the concept of boundary layer control. Even though the scale of the SCR assembly considered here is one more suited to a stationary system, certain observations and conclusions made here such as spray modeling, urea decomposition modelling and flow modeling are equally applicable to a mobile SCR system and suggestions are made in the paper on how these observations could be applied to an automotive system.</div>
The CD5 ectodomain interacts with conserved fungal cell wall components and protects from zymosan-induced septic shock-like syndrome (2009)

The CD5 lymphocyte surface receptor is a group B member of the ancient and highly conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. CD5 is expressed on mature T and B1a cells, where it is known to modulate lymphocyte activation and/or differentiation processes. Recently, the interaction of a few group B SRCR members (CD6, Spalpha, and DMBT1) with conserved microbial structures has been reported. Protein binding assays presented herein indicate that the CD5 ectodomain binds to and aggregates fungal cells (Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans) but not to Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) or Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Accordingly, the CD5 ectodomain binds to zymosan but not to purified bacterial cell wall constituents (LPS, lipotheicoic acid, or peptidoglycan), and such binding is specifically competed by beta-glucan but not by mannan. The K(d) of the rshCD5/(1-->3)-beta-d-glucan phosphate interaction is 3.7 +/- 0.2 nM as calculated from tryptophan fluorescence data analysis of free and bound rshCD5. Moreover, zymosan binds to membrane-bound CD5, and this induces both MAPK activation and cytokine release. In vivo validation of the fungal binding properties of the CD5 ectodomain is deduced from its protective effect in a mouse model of zymosan-induced septic shock-like syndrome. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the CD5 lymphocyte receptor may sense the presence of conserved fungal components [namely, (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans] and support the therapeutic potential of soluble CD5 forms in fungal sepsis.
Secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of human B cell lines binds to the complement protein C1q and inhibits complex formation of C1 (1997)

We recently characterized a species of proteochondroitin sulfate (CSPG) secreted by human B cell lines that closely resembles in its structure the serum-derived C1q inhibitor (C1qI). These proteoglycans have in common a molecular mass of approximately 130 to 150 kDa with a core protein of 30 kDa to which up to four chondroitin sulfate chains each of approximately 26 kDa are attached. Since this B cell-derived CSPG is a potential source for serum C1qI, we measured its capacity to interact with C1q in solid-phase binding and complex electrophoresis assays. B cell CSPG purified from culture supernatants of the two human B cell lines JOK-1 and U266 strongly bound to C1q. In contrast to the secreted form, cellular proteoglycan of the myeloma cell line U266 did not interact with C1q. Binding of C1q to CSPG was competitively inhibited by free glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the order dextran sulfate > heparin > heparan sulfate > chondroitin-6-sulfate (CS-C) > dermatan sulfate (CS-B) > chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS-A). B cell CSPG inhibited the hemolytic activity of C1q and C1. In addition, B cell CSPG blocked C1q receptor binding in a dose-dependent manner. The proteoglycans did not influence the activity of C1 complex already bound to EAC4 target cells. By interaction of CSPG with solid-phase-bound C1q, formation of the C1 complex upon the addition of C1r and C1s was impaired. Strong binding of B cell CSPG to C1q, its inhibition of C1q activity, and its structural similarities to the previously described human serum C1qI indicate that B cells produce a soluble CSPG, which may act as C1qI under physiologic conditions.
Emergency department applications of digital dictation and natural language processing (1992)

The emergency physician has a number of challenges that must be addressed in providing high quality emergency health care delivery. One of these is the need to develop accurate documentation of the patient's health status and the patient's response to treatment in the ED. Digital dictation when combined with natural language processing is an evolving technology that is very user-friendly, fast, flexible, and cost-effective. Together, they can potentially improve risk management, reimbursement, and ultimately patient care. All the specialties of medicine are facing tremendous challenges of quality in the coming decade. In the past, an ED would wait for an incident or maloccurrence to happen. The director would analyze the cause, educate the staff, and write a new policy. Quality assurance meant searching for deviance and promoting compliance. The approach of "quality as a process of continuous improvement" suggests that the old ways don't work. We must have access to the detailed information about our clinical practice in order to assess outcomes, evaluate procedures, and undergo any meaningful change. It is said, "We cannot change what we cannot measure". Certainly tens of thousands of handwritten illegible ED reports represent an effective barrier to any substantive insight into our clinical process, and that constitutes an absolute barrier to any effective change. Digital dictation represents one gateway into the electronic record. Combined with NLP and appropriate information management, this technology holds tremendous potential for growth and provides for quality in the coming decade.
Formula calculation methods of water content in sweet natural gas and their adaptability analysis (2014)

Estimation of water content is the foundation of natural gas processing and designing, and a formula calculation method provides a solution simple and easy to be programmed by computers. In this regard, several main formula calculation methods of water content in sweet natural gas were reviewed and evaluated individually. There are formulas fitted with nomographic data (e.g. Sloan formula, Ning Yingnan formula, Khaled formula and Bahadori formula), empirical formulas fitted with experimental data (e.g. Zhu Lin formula, Behr formula and Kazim formula) and formulas generated based on water-hydrocarbon phases equilibrium (e.g. Saturated Vapor Pressure Model, Modified Ideal Model, Simplified Thermodynamic Model and Bukacek formula). The comparison of calculated and experimental values of each above formula calculation method indicates that, the Khaled formula provided the minimum average absolute deviation (AAD) – 2.524 0%, while the Behr method achieved the maximum AAD – 19.255%. After the analysis of the AAD results calculated by the methods at different temperature ranges, the Zhu Lin formula is recommended for −50 to −40 °C, the Sloan formula for −40 to 0 °C, the Simplified Thermodynamic Model for 0 to 37.78 °C, the Khaled formula for 37.78 to 171.11 °C, and the Bukacek formula for 171.11 to 237.78 °C.
MULTISCALE LIQUID METAL THIN-FILM PATTERNING BASED ON SOFT LITHOGRAPHY FOR SKIN-MOUNTABLE, SOFT AND 3D-INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL MICROSYSTEMS (2018)

This paper presents multiscale liquid metal (eutectic gallium-indium alloy, EGaIn) thin-film patterning by utilizing an additive stamping approach for large-scale (mm-cm) soft electronics and a subtractive reverse stamping approach for micro-scale (m-mm) soft electronics. By combining these complementary patterning techniques, fabricated soft electronic components can be vertically integrated to form high-density and multifunctional soft microsystems. To highlight the fabrication and integration capabilities, a skin-mountable, soft and 3D-integrated biological microsystem, comprising a soft sensing layer and a soft circuit layer, is demonstrated for non-invasive and real-time heart rate and blood oxygen monitoring.