gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An airborne micro-TEM and physics deep learning solution to near-surface corrections in sand-covered areas (2022)

Abstract Sand-covered areas, such as desert environments, pose challenges to seismic imaging for resource exploration and monitoring. Aeolian sand dunes provide extreme variations of elastic parameters causing, among other effects, nonlinear velocity gradients proportional to compaction. Description and correction for sand velocities is typically performed through empirically derived sand curve functions. Shallow drilling with uphole traveltime measurements represents another established technique for characterizing the thickness of the sand layer. This defines a basal depositional surface across the investigated area to apply the sand correction for seismic processing operations. The accurate definition of the unconformable base of sand is crucial for the application of robust near-surface corrections. An airborne transient electromagnetic solution is proposed, where the acquisition instrumentation, acquisition parameters, and inversion strategies are tuned to the ultra-shallow depth of the target (2–20 m). The data inversion component makes extensive use of a recently introduced physics-driven DL inversion scheme. It enables boosted depth resolution in the resistivity model using all of the available data while achieving an acceptable data misfit to honor the propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. The imaged resistivity boundary provides an excellent match to the existing uphole data and indicates the presence of long-wavelength mismatch from the previously interpreted base of sand.
A combined comb / bulk mode gyroscope structure for enhanced sensitivity (2013)

This work introduces a novel dodecagon bulk mode gyroscope structure with parallel plate comb drives. A major contribution, compared to prior art, is that adding combs connected to the central disk structure, at the points of maximum vibration amplitudes, increases the drive strength and results in significant improvement in sensitivity. This can enable the fabrication of high performance bulk-mode gyroscopes in standard commercial MEMS technologies. Prototypes were measured to operate at frequencies of ~1.5 MHz, with quality factors of ~33,000, at a 10 mTorr vacuum level. Preliminary measurements using discrete electronics show a rate sensitivity of 0.31 μV/°/sec, corresponding to a capacitance sensitivity of 0.43 aF/°/sec/electrode.
Measurement of Fructose–Asparagine Concentrations in Human and Animal Foods (2017)

The food-borne bacterial pathogen, Salmonella enterica, can utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. F-Asn is the product of an Amadori rearrangement following the nonenzymatic condensation of glucose and asparagine. Heating converts F-Asn via complex Maillard reactions to a variety of molecules that contribute to the color, taste, and aroma of heated foods. Among these end derivatives is acrylamide, which is present in some foods, especially in fried potatoes. The F-Asn utilization pathway in Salmonella, specifically FraB, is a potential drug target because inhibition of this enzyme would lead to intoxication of Salmonella in the presence of F-Asn. However, F-Asn would need to be packaged with the FraB inhibitor or available in human foods. To determine if there are foods that have sufficient F-Asn, we measured F-Asn concentrations in a variety of human and animal foods. The 400 pmol/mg F-Asn found in mouse chow is sufficient to intoxicate a Salmonella fraB mutant in mouse models of salmonellosis, and several human foods were found to have F-Asn at this level or higher (fresh apricots, lettuce, asparagus, and canned peaches). Much higher concentrations (11 000-35 000 pmol/mg dry weight) were found in heat-dried apricots, apples, and asparagus. This report reveals possible origins of F-Asn as a nutrient source for Salmonella and identifies foods that could be used together with a FraB inhibitor as a therapeutic agent for Salmonella.
Beyond block I/O: Rethinking traditional storage primitives (2011)

Over the last twenty years the interfaces for accessing persistent storage within a computer system have remained essentially unchanged. Simply put, seek, read and write have defined the fundamental operations that can be performed against storage devices. These three interfaces have endured because the devices within storage subsystems have not fundamentally changed since the invention of magnetic disks. Non-volatile (flash) memory (NVM) has recently become a viable enterprise grade storage medium. Initial implementations of NVM storage devices have chosen to export these same disk-based seek/read/write interfaces because they provide compatibility for legacy applications. We propose there is a new class of higher order storage primitives beyond simple block I/O that high performance solid state storage should support. One such primitive, atomic-write, batches multiple I/O operations into a single logical group that will be persisted as a whole or rolled back upon failure. By moving write-atomicity down the stack into the storage device, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of work required at the application, filesystem, or operating system layers to guarantee the consistency and integrity of data. In this work we provide a proof of concept implementation of atomic-write on a modern solid state device that leverages the underlying log-based flash translation layer (FTL). We present an example of how database management systems can benefit from atomic-write by modifying the MySQL InnoDB transactional storage engine. Using this new atomic-write primitive we are able to increase system throughput by 33%, improve the 90th percentile transaction response time by 20%, and reduce the volume of data written from MySQL to the storage subsystem by as much as 43% on industry standard benchmarks, while maintaining ACID transaction semantics.
Joint-reconstruction-enabled data acquisition design for single-shot edge-illumination x-ray phase-contrast tomography (2018)

Edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast tomography (EIXPCT) is an emerging imaging technology capable of estimating the complex-valued refractive index distribution with laboratory-based X-ray sources. Conventional image reconstruction approaches for EIXPCT require multiple images to be acquired at each tomographic view angle. This contributes to prolonged data-acquisition times and potentially elevated radiation doses, which can hinder in-vivo applications. A new “single-shot” method has been proposed for joint reconstruction (JR) of the real and imaginary-valued components of the refractive index distribution from a tomographic data set that contains only a single image acquired at each view angle. The JR method does not place restrictions on the types of measurement data that it can be applied to and therefore enables the exploration of innovation single-shot data-acquisition designs. However, there remains an important need to identify data-acquisition designs that will permit accurate JR. In this study, innovative, JR-enabled, single-shot data-acquisition designs for EIXPCT are proposed and characterized quantitatively in simulation studies.
Pulmonary Doppler signals: a potentially new diagnostic tool (2011)

LDS originate from different elements and phases of cardiac activity that generate mechanical waves which propagate throughout the lung and are thus expressed in pulsatile changes in ultrasound reflections. While such signals could originate either from pulsatile blood flow or reflections from movement of the blood vessel--alveolar air interface, the experimental evidence points towards the tissue--air interface movements due to vessel expansion as the origin. The LDS can potentially be an important tool for diagnosing and characterizing cardio-pulmonary physiological states and diseases.
Detection of Immune Complexes Is Not Independent of Detection of Antibodies in Lyme Disease Patients and Does Not Confirm Active Infection with <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2005)

The Borrelia burgdorferi-specific immune complex (IC) test, which uses polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to isolate ICs from serum, has been used as a research test in the laboratory diagnosis of early Lyme disease (LD) and has been proposed as a marker of active infection. We examined whether B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies were present within PEG-precipitated ICs (PEG-ICs) in patients with LD, posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, and controls, including individuals who received the outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine. Using a B. burgdorferi whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we obtained positive PEG-IC results not only in patients with a history of LD, but also in individuals vaccinated with OspA vaccine. The frequency of positive PEG-IC ELISAs in OspA vaccinees was significantly higher with ELISA-reactive than with ELISA-negative unprocessed serum samples (P=0.001), demonstrating dependency between the tests. Similar results were found using samples from rhesus macaques infected with B. burgdorferi, uninfected macaques vaccinated with OspA, and controls. Therefore, testing for the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi in PEG-IC preparations is not more likely to reflect active infection than testing in unprocessed serum and should not be used in individuals who received the OspA vaccine.
Clinical significance of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. (1991)

What is the clinical significance of the expression by common human carcinomas of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen? Described as a terminal disaccharide which is a precursor of MN blood group antigens, it was discovered as a laboratory curiosity 60 years ago, yet its cancer-association has only been appreciated in the last two decades. It is cryptic in the membrane of various normal cells, but can be found overtly expressed early during malignant transformation. It thus has potential as a target antigen for monoclonal antibodies for the detection of cancers, both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have described its expression in relation to tumor grade, metastasis and likelihood of relapse or tumor aggression, and attempts have been made to define its prognostic significance, but generalization is difficult because of differing trends in expression on different types of cancers. TF is immunogenic, and perhaps even immunomodulatory in patients with cancer. We have used natural and synthetic TF and related antigens to study this immunomodulation in an animal model. Natural TF can be either immunogenic or immunosuppressive. In an appropriate formulation synthetic TF can be used in an 'immunotherapeutic vaccine' to significantly prolong the lives of animals which have an otherwise lethal mammary cancer. We are now testing similar immunotherapeutic vaccines in humans with cancer, and have induced an immune response to synthetic TF, the same serum also reacting with cancer cells known to express TF. The clinical significance of TF may be the immune response it induces, either tolerizing a patient to a cancer or stimulating an effector response to a cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of Kalman Filter-based state of charge estimation strategies for Li-Ion batteries (2016)

Currently, the automotive industry is experiencing a significant technology shift from internal combustion engine propelled vehicles to second generation battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The battery pack represents the core of the electric vehicle powertrain and its most expensive component and therefore requires continuous condition monitoring and control. As such, extensive research has been conducted to estimate the battery critical parameters such as state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). In order to accurately estimate these parameters, a high fidelity battery model has to work collaboratively with a robust estimation strategy onboard of the battery management system (BMS). In this paper, three Kalman Filter-based estimation strategies are analyzed and compared, namely: The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Sigma-point Kalman filtering (SPKF) and Cubature Kalman filter (CKF). These estimation strategies have been compared based on the first-order equivalent circuit-based model. Estimation strategies have been compared based on their SOC estimation accuracy, robustness to initial SOC error and computation requirement.
Compact wideband MIMO antenna for 5G communication (2017)

In this paper, we propose a compact wideband antenna. The operation band of the antenna covers from 3 GHz to 30 GHz with dimensions of 25 mm× 25 mm. The measured antenna S-parameters are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Furthermore, based on the proposed wideband antenna, a two-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation is developed due to its orthogonal polarization directions. Due to the advantages such as wide bandwidth, compact structure, and high isolation, this MIMO antenna is suitable for the 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation (5G) communication.
Effects of Construct Stiffness on Healing of Fractures Stabilized with Locking Plates (2010)

Bottlang, Michael PhD; Doornink, Josef MS; Lujan, Trevor J. PhD; Fitzpatrick, Daniel C. MD; Marsh, J. Lawrence MD; Augat, Peter PhD; von Rechenberg, Brigitte DVM, ECVS; Lesser, Maren DVM; Madey, Steven M. MD Author Information
Peel-off probe: a cost-effective probe for electrical atomic force microscopy (2000)

Full metal probes have proven their suitability for electrical atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the last few years. Such probes could be fabricated cheaper if one reduces the number of steps and processing time. Therefore we have developed a procedure which allows to manufacture full metal probes with only two lithography steps. The etching of thin membranes is dropped which reduces the processing time by 25% compared to our previous procedure. It requires only topside processing. The probes can be peeled off from the wafer due to a special metallization procedure. This paper discusses the process scheme and presents measurements on semiconductor devices.
High purity hydrogen production by plasma membrane reactor (2021)

Hydrogen carriers are being considered because hydrogen is low energy density per volume, poor transport and storage efficiency, and high cost. Among them, the advantages of ammonia have high hydrogen content, carbon-free, and technology and infrastructure related to production, transportation and storage. So, a new high efficiency device for producing hydrogen from ammonia is required. In our laboratory, we have developed a high-purity hydrogen production device, plasma membrane reactor (PMR), which combines atmospheric pressure plasma and a hydrogen separation membrane. By combining catalytic reactor and PMR we have developed a system for producing high purity hydrogen from ammonia. However, there is a problem that hydrogen amount permeated from PMR is small. In this report, as a method for increasing the amount of hydrogen produced from PMR, Dielectric particles (zeolite) were filled in the plasma generating part. By filling the zeolite, plasma firing sate was stabilized and hydrogen separation flow rate was increased significantly. Experiments on hydrogen production from ammonia using a catalytic reactor and zeolite-filled PMR was conducted. When the supply ammonia flow rate was 240 L / h, hydrogen production of 304.2 L / h was achieved.
Abstract 3259: The genomic landscape of premalignant lung squamous cell carcinoma lesions (2017)

Abstract Background: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) arises in the epithelial layer of the bronchial airway and is often preceded by the development of premalignant lesions. However, not all premalignant lesions progress to lung SqCC and many regress without therapeutic intervention. Understanding the somatic alterations that contribute to progression of premalignant lesions in the airway will allow us to identify biomarkers for early detection and develop therapeutic strategies for early intervention. Methods: Airway biopsies were obtained from high-risk smokers undergoing lung cancer screening by auto-fluorescence bronchoscopy and chest CT at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. For each subject (n=30), multiple premalignant lesions were sampled repeatedly over time (n=144 samples). One biopsy from each region was sent for pathological review while another biopsy was taken for molecular studies. DNA was also isolated from the blood or cytologically normal bronchial brushings to serve as a matched normal control. Exome capture was performed using the Illumina TruSeq Rapid Exome kit and sequenced to a mean depth of coverage of 120x at Uniform Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Results: The median number of somatic mutations across all premalignant lesions was 0.73 per megabase (range: 0.10 - 9.8 per Mb) and displayed a modest association with histological grade (p=0.07). The most frequently mutated lung cancer genes included KMT2C (12%), NOTCH1 (11%), FAT1 (6%), TP53 (5%), and CDKN2A (&lt;1%). Known oncogenic hotspot mutations were observed in PIK3CA (1%) and KRAS (&lt;1%). The majority of lesions did not have overlapping sets of mutations with other samples from the same patient, indicating that most of these lesions arose from clonally distinct populations. The two lesions with the relatively high mutation rates (&gt;7/Mb) were taken from adjacent sites over two time points in the same individual with a prior history of lung squamous cell carcinoma. These lesions had a significantly overlapping set of mutations including FAT1 indicating a common evolutionary ancestor. Conclusions: The somatic alterations observed in known cancer genes such as TP53, KMT2C, NOTCH1, and FAT1 may be among the earliest driver events in lung SqCC development and may be useful as biomarkers for early detection as well as targets for lung cancer interception. Citation Format: Joshua Campbell, Xijun Zhang, Samjot S. Dhillon, Catalina Perdomo, Sarah Mazzilli, Yaron Geshalter, Gang Liu, Sherry Zhang, Hanqiao Lin, Jessica Vick, Christopher Moy, Stefano Monti, Evan Johnson, Matthew Meyerson, Steven Dubinett, Suso Platero, Matthew Wilkerson, Clifton Dalgard, Marc Lenburg, Mary Reid, Jennifer Beane, Avrum Spira. The genomic landscape of premalignant lung squamous cell carcinoma lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3259
Development of a 2.45 GHz Antenna for Flexible Compact Radiation Dosimeter Tags (2019)

Numerous medical operations employ blood transfusions, requiring X-ray irradiated blood for safety concerns. Current irradiation techniques can be significantly improved by replacing standard visual indicators with wireless dosimeter tags that automate the process, reducing inefficiencies, and eliminating blood wastage. A key requirement of the proposed dosimeter tag is flexible and efficient antennas that can be mounted on blood bags. This paper presents the design of a low-cost inkjet-printed dipole antenna on flexible Kapton substrate for a 2.45 GHz radio frequency identification (RFID) dosimeter tag. The tag is to be used in a lossy blood environment, which can severely affect antenna radiation performance. To mitigate this, the concept of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cells is investigated for best impedance and gain performance. When integrated with a dipole radiator, the fabricated AMC-backed antenna maintains broadside radiation with gains of 4.1-4.8 dBi under planar and bending conditions, and on a lossy blood bag. In a rectenna configuration, the antenna can power sensors for ranges up to 1 m. Measured output dc voltages up to 1.7 V are achieved across a 25 kQ resistor. This antenna design is flexible, compact, efficient on lossy structures, and suitable for direct integration with biomedical sensing chips.
Biphase Metal Electrodes For AMTEC (1988)

New biphase metal electrodes for alkali metal thermoelectric converter (AMETEC) exhibit low electrical resistance, fast alkali metal transport, and good power densities and lifetime at operating temperatures from 1,100 to 1,160 K. Electrodes expected to last as long as 10,000 h in service without significant degradation. Made of two refractory metals, one forms strong bonds with sodium, other inert to sodium.
Widely Tunable, Room Temperature, Single-Mode Lasing Operation from Mixed-Halide Perovskite Thin Films (2019)

Solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have recently emerged as promising low-cost materials for optoelectronic applications. However, exposure to light or applied bias causes phase separation of mixed-halide perovskites into iodide-rich domains, resulting in the shift of the bandgap energy toward the infrared for light-emitting devices. Proper selection of self-assembled and bulky organoammonium halide additives, 4-fluorobenzylammonium iodide bromide, FPMAI1–xBrx, to the mixed-halide perovskite system, CsxMA1–xPb[I1–xBrx]3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), exhibits stronger emission and enables stable and low threshold amplified spontaneous emission, which can be tuned over a wide spectral range. Finally, optically pumped surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers operating in a wide spectral range at room temperature are demonstrated for the first time. The laser emission wavelength can be tuned from green to near-infrared by varying the halide stoichiometry in the mixed-halide perovskites. Ultrasmooth mixed-halide perovskites on fused quartz gratings achieve spatially coherent single-mode laser emission with a pump threshold of 4 μJ/cm2 and less than 0.65 nm full-width at half maximum. The laser device lifetime lasts for up to 42 h (∼106 laser pulses) under sustained excitation. This work represents a proof-of-concept laser device for practical use in various applications.
Dephasing optimization through coherence order pathway selection (DOTCOPS) for improved crusher schemes in MR spectroscopy (2018)

A novel algorithm and associated software was developed based on rigorous treatment of all coherence pathways, which can be applied to any arbitrary magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequence of interest and any arbitrary coupled spin system. This developed method solves a long-standing problem in in vivo MRS and is expected to critically improve the data quality of virtually all MRS applications.
Optimal adaptive learning for image retrieval (2005)

Learning-enhanced relevance feedback is one of the most promising and active research directions in content-based image retrieval. However, the existing approaches either require prior knowledge of the data or entail high computation costs, making them less practical. To overcome these difficulties and motivated by the successful history of optimal adaptive filters, we present a new approach to interactive image retrieval. Specifically, we cast the image retrieval problem in the optimal filtering framework, which does not require prior knowledge of the data, supports incremental learning, is simple to implement and achieves better performance than state-of-the-art approaches. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach, extensive experiments have been carried out on a large heterogeneous image collection with 17,000 images. We report promising results on a wide variety of queries.
Diffraction-Resistant Light (Bessel Beams) from Optical Fibers (2008)

We describe a new class of fiber devices whose output resembles Bessel beams. Such beams have a myriad of scientific and technological applications owing to their diffraction-free nature and their ability to navigate opaque obstructions.
Luminescent enhancement of reflective displays (2010)

Achieving bright reflected colors is a major challenge for reflective display technologies. We demonstrate the potential for photoluminescence to enhance the color performance of simple reflective displays based on electrophoretic or dichroic guest-host technologies.