gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video processing for flat panel displays (2002)

The arrival of multi-format DTV and advances in display technology suggest that these multiple formats may be commonly viewed on pixelated displays. Achieving acceptable quality in the viewed images will require a reexamination of the methods used to process images for such displays. This paper provides a brief overview, of the challenges to maintaining high image quality while affordably executing real-time temporal and spatial scaling, color space conversion, pixel resampling, and waveform generation (for both pulse width and amplitude modulation) for a range of display technologies whose characteristics and addressing modes continue to evolve.
Effect of Sn Substitution on Cation Ordering in (Zr <sub>1–x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> )TiO <sub>4</sub> Microwave Dielectric Ceramics (1994)

The crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of (Zr 1–x Sn x )TiO 4 ceramics with x ranging from 0.0 to 0.15 have been investigated to characterize the effect of Sn substitution on cation ordering and the effect of ordering on dielectric loss. The crystal structure of the samples was investigated using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Although Sn substitution inhibits ordering, the effect is progressive and ordering still proceeds to an observable degree in samples with x = 0.15. The ordered structure of all samples is of the incommensurate modular type previously observed for Sn‐free zirconium titanate compositions. In this structure individual (100) cation layers are observed to switch abruptly from Zr‐rich to Ti‐rich occupancy, indicating that ordering proceeds by the segregation of Zr and Ti into elongate two‐dimensional domains on (100). The domains get smaller as the Sn content of the samples increases and in Zr 0.5 Sn 0.15 TiO 4 the length scale of the cation correlations is approximately 25–50 Å. We propose that the decrease in the driving energy for the coarsening of the domains during the ordering transformation is due to the preferential segregation of Sn to the Zr‐Ti domain boundaries. Whereas the long‐range cation ordering increases the dielectric loss of Sn‐free ceramics by 30%, it results in a negligible change in the loss properties of Zr 0.91 Sn 0.09 TiO 4 . It is possible that the hypothesized effect of Sn in stabilizing the Zr‐Ti boundaries may also affect the contribution of these sites to the dielectric loss of the ordered structures.
An event-based data distribution mechanism for collaborative mobile augmented reality and virtual environments (2003)

The full power of mobile augmented and virtual reality systems is realized when these systems are connected to one another to immersive virtual environments, and to remote information servers. Connections are usually made through wireless networks. However, wireless networks cannot guarantee connectivity and their bandwidth can be highly constrained. The authors present a robust event-based data distribution mechanism for mobile augmented reality and virtual environments. It is based on replicated databases, pluggable networking protocols, and communication channels. We demonstrate the mechanism in the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS) situation awareness system, which is composed of several mobile augmented reality systems, immersive and desktop-based virtual reality systems, a 2D map-based multi-modal system, handheld PCs, and other sources of information.
In vitro properties of a chitosan-bonded self-hardening paste with hydroxyapatite granules (1996)

A new self-hardening paste was made by using a combination of chitosan, hydroxyapatite (HA) granules, ZnO, and CaO. The sol was made by dissolving 0.1 g of chitosan in a solution of 0.1 g malic acid and 2.0 mL physiological saline solution. Mixed with 0.03 g of CaO and 0.04 g of ZnO powders was 2.77 g (55 wt %) of HA granules which had a homogeneous pore distribution and a porosity of 35–48%. The size of the granules was set for 0.1–0.3 mm. Kneading and setting of the paste generated a little amount of heat (32.8°C) as compared with the heat produced by polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (114.5°C). The pH value of chitosan-HA-hardened composite after setting was nearly equal to that of human plasma (pH 7.4), while that of PMMA bone cement maintained an acid pH of 4.7. Hydroxyapatite granules less than 0.1 mm, 0.1–0.3 mm, or 0.3–0.6 mm were set using chitosan sol. The size of the granules did not influence the compressive strength of the set chitosan-HA-hardened composite. The greatest compressive strength of chitosan-HA-hardened composite was obtained by using 55 wt % of HA granules. The strength of the chitosan-HA-hardened composite was comparable to that of the cancellous bone derived from tibial eminentia, but was considerably lower than that of PMMA bone cement. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Water-Soluble NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er(Tm)/NaYF<sub>4</sub>/Polymer Core/Shell/Shell Nanoparticles with Significant Enhancement of Upconversion Fluorescence (2006)

Hexagonal phase nanoparticles of NaYF4:Yb,Er and NaYF4:Yb,Tm (∼8.5 ± 0.8 nm) were synthesized. Significant enhancements of upconversion fluorescence were observed after coating with an undoped NaYF4 shell (core/shell ∼ 11.1 ± 1.5 nm). The hydrophobic core/shell nanoparticles were rendered hydrophilic by a subsequent amphiphilic coating of PAA. These nanostructures have great potentials as bio-probes.
Additive Technology as a Way to Improve Diesel Fuel Quality (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Additive technology has been used to enhance the quality of automotive diesel fuel in a number of important areas of performance. This paper focusses on the role of new additive technology in two important areas:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Maintenance of designed performance of injector systems:</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Prevention of problems associated with fuels designed to respond to tighter emission regulations.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Field and laboratory data have been generated in industry and in-house procedures. The implications of these results are discussed.</div>
Declining expression of a single epithelial cell‐autonomous gene accelerates age‐related thymic involution (2010)

Age-related thymic involution may be triggered by gene expression changes in lymphohematopoietic and/or nonhematopoietic thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The role of epithelial cell-autonomous gene FoxN1 may be involved in the process, but it is still a puzzle because of the shortage of evidence from gradual loss-of-function and exogenous gain-of-function studies. Using our recently generated loxP-floxed-FoxN1(fx) mouse carrying the ubiquitous CreER(T) (uCreER(T)) transgene with a low dose of spontaneous activation, which causes gradual FoxN1 deletion with age, we found that the uCreER(T)-fx/fx mice showed an accelerated age-related thymic involution owing to progressive loss of FoxN1(+) TECs. The thymic aging phenotypes were clearly observable as early as at 3-6 months of age, resembling the naturally aged (18-22-month-old) murine thymus. By intrathymically supplying aged wild-type mice with exogenous FoxN1-cDNA, thymic involution and defective peripheral CD4(+) T-cell function could be partially rescued. The results support the notion that decline of a single epithelial cell-autonomous gene FoxN1 levels with age causes primary deterioration in TECs followed by impairment of the total postnatal thymic microenvironment, and potentially triggers age-related thymic involution in mice.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis With Bone Marrow—Derived Stem Cells (2007)

Despite that advances in medical treatment and interventional procedures have reduced the mortality rate in patients with coronary artery disease, the number of patients with refractory myocardial ischemia and congestive heart failure is rapidly increasing. Experimental studies have demonstrated that bone marrow (BM) contains adult stem cells that can induce neovascularization and improve heart function in ischemic myocardium. Recent insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in proliferation, recruitment, mobilization, and incorporation of BM-derived stem cells into the myocardium and blood vessels have prompted development of cellular transplantation therapy for heart diseases refractory to conventional therapy. Initial preliminary clinical studies indicated potential clinical benefit of BM therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic myocardial ischemia. Nevertheless, many obstacles remain, such as long-term safety and optimal timing and treatment strategies for BM cell therapy, and these issues need to be addressed in rationally designed, randomized clinical trials.
Effects of verapamil on electroconvulsive shock- and clonidine-induced amnesia. (1997)

The effect of the Ca2+ blocker verapamil on amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine was studied in male Wistar rats trained in passive avoidance task ("step down"). Clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and ECS induced a pronounced amnesia, significantly reducing the percentage of rats that had acquired the task upon retention tests, given 3 h, 24 h and 7 days after training. Verapamil (10 mg/kg) administered orally for 12 days (5 days before and 7 days after training) completely abolished the ECS- or clonidine-induced amnesia. These data suggest that calcium channel blocker verapamil has a protective effect against experimentally provoked memory deficit and might be useful for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
Modifications of the Classical Notion of Panum's Fusional Area (1980)

It is generally believed that there is an absolute disparity limit for binocular fusion; objects with disparities within this limit, known as Panum's fusional area, will appear fused and single, while objects with disparities outside the limit appear double. It is demonstrated, however, that the disparity gradient, rather than the disparity magnitude, dictates binocular fusion when several objects occur near one another in the visual field. The disparity gradient is defined as the difference between the disparities of neighboring objects divided by their angular separation. If this ratio exceeds a critical value (approximately 1) then fusion does not occur, even though the absolute disparities of the individual objects may be well within the classical Panum's area. This discovery leads to the reinterpretation of several enigmatic phenomena in stereopsis, including Panum's limiting case.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Circulating Markers of Inflammation and Adiposity in a Nested Case–Control Study: The Multiethnic Cohort (2013)

Although markers of inflammation and adiposity may provide new insights into the etiology of NHL, they need to be assessed many years before clinical diagnosis.
TinyCoAP: A Novel Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Implementation for Embedding RESTful Web Services in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on TinyOS (2013)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for TinyOS, which we refer to as TinyCoAP. CoAP seeks to apply the same application transfer paradigm and basic features of HTTP to constrained networks, while maintaining a simple design and low overhead. The design constraints of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require special attention in the design process of the CoAP implementation. We argue that better performance and minimal resource consumption can be achieved developing a native library for the operating system embedded in the network. TinyOS already includes in its distribution an implementation of CoAP called CoapBlip. However, this is based on a library not originally designed to meet the requirements of TinyOS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by a comprehensive performance evaluation. In particular, we test and evaluate TinyCoAP and CoapBlip in a real scenario, as well as solutions based on HTTP. The evaluation is performed in terms of latency, memory occupation, and energy consumption. Furthermore, we evaluate the reliability of each solution by measuring the goodput obtained in a channel affected by Rayleigh fading. We also include a study on the effects that high workloads have on a server.
Two-dimensional wound measurement: comparison of 4 techniques. (1999)

Two- and three-dimensional wound measurement techniques are documented in the literature and used clinically, as well as in research. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 two-dimensional wound measurement techniques: linear length and width using a ruler, planimetry, computerized stereophotogrammetry (SPG) length and width, and computerized SPG area. Three plaster of Paris wound models were developed and baseline measurements of outer wound perimeters obtained via a Coordinate Measuring Machine. The convenience sample of raters included 66 upper-division baccalaureate nursing students, graduate nursing students, nursing staff, and wound care nurses. Each rater measured each wound twice in a randomly assigned order of methods written on a card drawn from an envelope. The least biased technique was the computer area, followed in order by the computer length and width, planimetry, and ruler length and width. The most accurate technique, given multiple raters, was determined by the standard error of measurement. The smallest standard error of measurement, thus the most accurate, was the computer area technique, followed in order by the ruler length and width, computer length and width, and planimetry. Interrater reliability of average ratings was high; only the SPG area measurements for single ratings were reliable enough for clinical or research purposes. Intrarater reliability was high for methods with low interrater reliability, suggesting that nurses are consistent in the direction of personal error.
Introduction (1999)

Major advances in anaesthesia and surgery may only occur when the understanding of a principle or discovery is linked to its practical application and the potential usefulness of this development is realized. Even then, progress is limited by the technical ability of the time.
A Method of Inspecting Non-woven Basis Weight Using the Exponential Law of Absorption and Image Processing (2006)

This article explores a method of inspecting the non-woven basis weight on-line, by combining the exponential law of absorption and image processing technique. In the experiment, a theoretic equation for the charge-coupled device image-capture transmittance and non-woven basis weight was acquired through the exponential law of absorption. By using light source compensation and the least-squares approximation, the best approximate equations of transmittance and basis weight were acquired. According to the experimental results, the method of inspecting non-woven basis weight by image processing as proposed in this paper can reduce the uniformity of image gray scale from a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 5.5 to 0.7%, raise the R 2 of basis weight and transmittance to 0.998, and decrease the basis weight inspection error to 0.33%. The proposed method effectively enhances the accuracy and stability of non-contact inspection of non-woven basis weight. The result acquired herein can also be applied to the on-line uniformity inspection system with web as the basic material.
Asymmetric synthesis of allo-heteroyohimbine alkaloids (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of allo-heteroyohimbine alkaloidsMilan R. Uskokovic, Ronald L. Lewis, John J. Partridge, Carl W. Despreaux, and David L. PruessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 22, 6742–6744Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00516a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00516a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies (2020)

Neutralizing antibody responses to coronaviruses focus on the trimeric spike, with most against the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here we characterized polyclonal IgGs and Fabs from COVID-19 convalescent individuals for recognition of coronavirus spikes. Plasma IgGs differed in their degree of focus on RBD epitopes, recognition of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and mild coronaviruses, and how avidity effects contributed to increased binding/neutralization of IgGs over Fabs. Electron microscopy reconstructions of polyclonal plasma Fab-spike complexes showed recognition of both S1<sup>A</sup> and RBD epitopes. A 3.4Å cryo-EM structure of a neutralizing monoclonal Fab-S complex revealed an epitope that blocks ACE2 receptor-binding on "up" RBDs. Modeling suggested that IgGs targeting these sites have different potentials for inter-spike crosslinking on viruses and would not be greatly affected by identified SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations. These studies structurally define a recurrent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody class derived from <i>VH3-53/VH3-66</i> and similarity to a SARS-CoV <i>VH3-30</i> antibody, providing criteria for evaluating vaccine-elicited antibodies.
Mechanisms and control of water inflow to wells in gas reservoirs with bottom water drive (2003)

Water inflow may cease production of gas wells, leaving a significant amount of gas in the reservoir. Conventional technologies of gas well dewatering remove water from inside the wellbore without controlling water at its source. This study addresses mechanisms of water inflow to gas wells and a new completion method to control it. In a vertical oil well, the water cone top is horizontal, but in a gas well, the gas/water interface tends to bend downwards. It could be economically possible to produce gas-water systems without water breakthrough. Non-Darcy flow effect (NDFE), vertical permeability, aquifer size, density of well perforation, and flow behind casing increase water coning/inflow to wells in homogeneous gas reservoirs with bottom water. NDFE is important in low-productivity gas reservoirs with low porosity and permeability. Also, NDFE should be considered in the reservoir (outside the well) to describe properly gas wells performance. A particular pattern of water rate in a gas well with leaking cement is revealed. The pattern might be used to diagnose the leak. The pattern explanation considers cement leak flow hydraulics. Water production depends on leak properties. Advanced methods at parametric experimental design and statistical analysis of regression, variance, with uncertainty (Monte Carlo) were used building economic model at gas wells with bottom water. Completion length optimization reveled that penetrating 80% of the gas zone gets the maximum net present value. The most promising Downhole Water Sink (DWS) installation in gas wells includes dual completion with an isolating packer and gravity gas-water separation at the bottom completion. In comparison to Downhole Gas/Water Separation wells, the DWS wells would recover about the same amount of gas but much sooner. The best DWS completion design should comprise a short top completion penetrating 20% - 40% of the gas zone, a long bottom completion penetrating the remaining gas zone, and vigorous pumping of water at the bottom completion. Being as close as practically possible the two completions are only separated by a packer. DWS should be installed early after water breakthrough.
Oversampled Delta-Sigma Modulators: Analysis, Applications and Novel Topologies (2003)

Preface. 1: Introduction. 1.1. Aims and Motivations. 1.2. Original Contributions. 1.3. Outline of the Research Monograph. 2: Basic Principles of Delta-Sigma Modulation. 2.1. Nyquist Rate Converters. 2.2. Quantization Noise. 2.3. Oversampling Advantage. 2.4. DeltaSigma Modulation. 2.5. Limit Cycle Oscillations and Tones. 2.6. Higher Order DeltaSigma Modulators. 2.7. Multi-Bit DeltaSigma Converters. 2.8. State-of-the-art Analysis. 3: Analysis of Mash Delta-Sigma Modulators with DC Inputs. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Non-Linear Difference Equations. 3.3. Statistics of the Quantizer Error Sequence. 3.4. Simulation Results. 3.5. Output Spectrum. 3.6. Digital Realization of Irrational Initial Condition. 3.7. Conclusion. 4: Analysis of Single-Stage Delta-Sigma Modulators with DC Inputs. 4.1. Motivation behind the Work. 4.2. Uniform Quantizer in the No-Overload Region. 4.3. Non-Linear Difference Equations. 4.4. No-Overload Stability Criterion. 4.5. Solution to the Non-Linear Difference Equation. 4.6. Statistics of the Quantizer Error Sequence. 4.7. Fundamental Result. 4.8. Simulation Results. 4.9. Output Spectrum. 4.10. Error-Feedback Topology. 4.11. Conclusion. 5: Fractional-N PLL Frequency Synthesizers. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Analysis of PLLs. 5.3. The Fractional-N Concept. 5.4. Design and Simulation of Fractional-N PLL Frequency Synthesizers. 5.5. Pipelined Implementation of Mash DS Modulators. 5.6. Conclusion. 6: Time-Interleaved Delta-Sigma Modulators. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Block Digital Filtering Approach. 6.3. Time-Interleaved DS Modulators with Reduced Complexity. 6.4. Simulations. 6.5. Implementation Issues. 6.6. Hardware Comparison. 6.7. Higher-Order Time-Interleaved DS Modulators. 6.8. Zero-Insertion Interpolation Time-Interleaving. 6.9. Further Practical Issues. 6.10. Conclusion. References.
Region-Tree Based Stereo Using Dynamic Programming Optimization (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel stereo algorithm that combines the strengths of region-based stereo and dynamic programming on a tree approaches. Instead of formulating an image as individual scan-lines or as a pixel tree, a new region tree structure, which is built as a minimum spanning tree on the adjacency-graph of an over-segmented image, is used for the global dynamic programming optimization. The resulting disparity maps do not contain any streaking problem as is common in scanline-based algorithms because of the tree structure. The performance evaluation using the Middlebury benchmark datasets shows that the performance of our algorithm is comparable in accuracy and efficiency with top ranking algorithms.
NTSC: nice technology, super color (1993)

The National Television System Committee's (NTSC's) color TV encoding scheme is discussed. The history and theory of NTSC are reviewed. The operations of the NTSC coders and decoders are described. Results of some semiscientific experiments on the NTSC signal are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>