gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the cleavage reaction of a trans-acting human hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (1997)

The cleavage reaction catalyzed by the trans -acting genomic ribozyme of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was analyzed with a 13mer substrate (R13) and thio-substituted [SR13(Rp) and SR13(Sp)] substrates under single-turnover conditions. The cleavage of RNA by the trans -acting HDV ribozyme proceeded as a first order reaction. The logarithm of the rate of cleavage (kclv) increased linearly (with a slope of approximately 1) between pH 4.0 and 6.0, an indication that a single deprotonation reaction occurred. This result suggests that kclv reflects the rate of the chemical cleavage step, at least around pH 5. The amount of active complex with the SR13(Sp) substrate was almost as large as with R13 (60-80%), whereas the amount of the corresponding active complex formed with the SR13(Rp) substrate was, at most, 20% of this value (with 0.5-100 mM Mg2+ions) at pH 5.0. Nonetheless, the value of kclv for all substrates was almost the same (0.4-0.5 min-1). Neither a 'thio effect' nor a 'Mn2+rescue effect' were observed. These results suggest that Mg2+ions do not interact with pro-R oxygen directly but are essential to the formation of the active complex of the ribozyme and its substrate.
An Inverse Model With Uncertainty Quantification To Estimate The Energy Performance Of An Office Building (2013)

Buildings account for 40% of primary energy consumption in the United States. Reducing energy consumption becomes more and more important for economic and ecological reasons. In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, energy specialists not only explore the technologies that are suitable for new construction, they also show great interests in retrofitting existing buildings. To estimate the energy savings after retrofitting an existing building with certain energy efficient measures, other research efforts have developed various types of baseline building models, ranging from simple statistical models to complex calibrated computer models. In this paper, we present the development of an inverse model using a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) method to access the baseline building energy consumption in the pre-retrofit phase, which is a less time-consuming and easy to accomplish process. This method is applied to an office building as a case study and the accuracy of the regression model is compared with a linear regression model and tested with measurement data.
Elastic wave AVO using borehole seismic data (1992)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992Elastic wave AVO using borehole seismic dataAuthors: Craig A. CoulombeRobert R. StewartMichael J. JonesCraig A. CoulombeUniv. of Calgary, Robert R. StewartUniv. of Calgary, and Michael J. JonesSchlumberger of Canadahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822239 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822239FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1992 Pages: 1410 publication data© 1992 Copyright © 1992 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Craig A. Coulombe, Robert R. Stewart, and Michael J. Jones, (1992), "Elastic wave AVO using borehole seismic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 864-866. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822239 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diffusion Studies of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers in Water–Alcohol Systems (2013)

Nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion studies can be used to identify different compounds in a mixture. However, because the diffusion coefficient is primarily dependent on the effective hydrodynamic radius, it is particularly difficult to resolve compounds with similar size and structure, such as isomers, on the basis of diffusion. Differential solution interactions between species in certain solutions can afford possibilities for separation. In the present study, the self-diffusion of the three isomers of dihydroxybenzene (i.e., (1,2-) catechol, (1,3-) resorcinol, and (1,4-) hydroquinone) was studied in water, aqueous monohydric alcohols (i.e., ethanol, 1-propanol, tert-butanol), and aqueous ethylene glycol. These systems allowed the effects of isomerism and differential solvent interactions on diffusion to be examined. It was found that, while in aqueous solution these isomers had the same diffusion coefficient, in water-monohydric alcohol systems the diffusion coefficient of catechol differed from those of resorcinol and hydroquinone. The separation was found to increase at higher concentrations of monohydric alcohols. The underlying chemical reasons for these differences were investigated.
CONTROL OF CHAGAS' DISEASE VECTORS (1985)

Chagas' disease transmission can be interrupted by control of domestic triatomine vectors. In the short term, control will continue to rely on spraying infested houses with residual insecticides although, as longer-term development objectives are reached, house improvement will become more important. There is no real technical barrier to Chagas' disease vector control, but problems remain in terms of optimizing the cost effectiveness of strategies for each endemic situation.
A designed curved DNA segment that is a remarkable activator of eukaryotic transcription (2006)

To identify artificial DNA segments that can stably express transgenes in the genome of host cells, we built a series of curved DNA segments that mimic a left-handed superhelical structure. Curved DNA segments of 288 bp (T32) and 180 bp (T20) were able to activate transcription from the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) promoter by approximately 150-fold and 70-fold, respectively, compared to a control in a transient transfection assay in COS-7 cells. The T20 segment was also able to activate transcription from the human adenovirus type 2 E1A promoter with an 18-fold increase in the same assay system, and also activated transcription from the tk promoter on episomes in COS-7 cells. We also established five HeLa cell lines with genomes containing T20 upstream of the transgene promoter and control cell lines with T20 deleted from the transgene locus. Interestingly, T20 was found to activate transcription in all the stable transformants, irrespective of the locus. This suggests that the T20 segment may allow stable expression of transgenes, which is of importance in many fields, and may also be useful for the construction of nonviral vectors for gene therapy.
Genotypic analysis of respiratory mucous sulfation defects in cystic fibrosis. (2020)

Intracellular dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been proposed to alter endosomal acidification. The most widely studied consequence of this defect has been alterations in the biochemical properties of cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory mucus glycoproteins. However, studies confirming the existence of mucous processing defects in CF have been hindered by the lack of in vivo animal models by which to test these hypotheses in the absence of secondary effects of chronic bacterial infection. The human bronchial xenograft model has been useful in evaluating the pathophysiologic differences between CF and non-CF airway epithelium, in the absence of secondary disease effects such as goblet cell hyperplasia. In this study we sought to compare the extent of sulfation within secreted mucus glycoproteins from CF and non-CF human bronchial xenografts. Cumulative results of xenografts generated from 13 independent CF tissue samples demonstrated a statistically significant higher level of sulfation (1.7 +/- 0.18, P < 0.026) as compared to non-CF paired controls. Such findings add to the growing body of knowledge that primary defects in sulfation exist in CF respiratory mucin. Correlation of genotype with the extent of mucus sulfation revealed two categories of CF tissues with statistically different mucus sulfation profiles. Results from these studies demonstrated a 2.0 +/- 0.15-fold higher level of mucus sulfation produced from xenografts of five defined CF genotypes as compared to non-CF controls (P < 0.004, n= 10). Interestingly, three CF samples for which one mutant allele remained undefined (deltaoff8/unknown or G551D/unknown) demonstrated no statistical difference in the level of sulfation as compared with matched non-CF controls (n= 3). This as yet unknown allele was not identified within a screen for the 26 most common CF mutations. These results provide preliminary evidence for allelic variation within the CF population which may begin to elucidate the structure-function of CFTR with regards to intracellular mucus processing defects.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors Incorporating Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

SPR biosensing is increasingly popular for the detection of a multitude of biomolecules. It offers label-free detection and study of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules in real time. A recent trend involves incorporation of AuNPs, either within the sensing surface itself or as signal enhancing tagging molecules. The importance of AuNP and detecting agent spacing is described and techniques using macromolecular spacing aids are highlighted. Recent methods to enhance SPR detection capabilities using gold nanoparticles are reviewed, as well as device fabrication and the results of incorporation. SPR detection is a highly versatile method for the detection of biomolecules and, with the incorporation of AuNPs, shows promise in extending it to a number of new applications.
Event-Triggered Communication Network With Limited-Bandwidth Constraint for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Communicating agents with each other in a distributed manner and behaving as a group are essential in multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, real-world multi-agent systems suffer from restrictions on limited bandwidth communication. If the bandwidth is fully occupied, some agents are not able to send messages promptly to others, causing decision delay and impairing cooperative effects. Recent related work has started to address the problem but still fails in maximally reducing the consumption of communication resources. In this article, we propose an event-triggered communication network (ETCNet) to enhance communication efficiency in multi-agent systems by communicating only when necessary. For different task requirements, two paradigms of the ETCNet framework, event-triggered sending network (ETSNet) and event-triggered receiving network (ETRNet), are proposed for learning efficient sending and receiving protocols, respectively. Leveraging the information theory, the limited bandwidth is translated to the penalty threshold of an event-triggered strategy, which determines whether an agent at each step participates in communication or not. Then, the design of the event-triggered strategy is formulated as a constrained Markov decision problem and reinforcement learning finds the feasible and optimal communication protocol that satisfies the limited bandwidth constraint. Experiments on typical multi-agent tasks demonstrate that ETCNet outperforms other methods in reducing bandwidth occupancy and still preserves the cooperative performance of multi-agent systems at the most.
Catheter lock solutions influence staphylococcal biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces (2006)

This in vitro study demonstrates that heparin alternatives, sodium citrate and sodium EDTA, can prevent the formation of S. aureus biofilms, suggesting that they may reduce the risk of biofilm-associated complications in indwelling catheters. This finding suggests a biological mechanism for the observed improvement in catheter-related outcomes in recent clinical comparisons of heparin and trisodium citrate as catheter locking solutions. A novel and potential clinically relevant finding of the present study is the observation that citrate at low levels strongly stimulates biofilm formation by S. aureus.
Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion (1994)

The efficient and fast control of electric power forms part of the key technologies of modern automated production. It is performed using electronic power converters. The converters transfer energy from a source to a controlled process in a quantized fashion, using semiconductor switches which are turned on and off at fast repetition rates. The algorithms which generate the switching functions-pulsewidth-modulation techniques-are manifold. They range from simple averaging schemes to involved methods of real-time optimization. This paper gives an overview.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The hydrolytic stability of mitrathane (a polyurethane urea)—an x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study (1988)

The hydrolytic stability of microporous Mitrathane polyetherurethane urea vascular prostheses has been evaluated at pH 7 and pH 9, at 37 degrees, 60 degrees, and 80 degrees C for time periods of up to 968 days. Mechanical strength was evaluated using a hydrodynamic burst test and surface chemical changes by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples held at 80 degrees C showed the greatest mechanical strength loss which corresponded to the hydrolysis of the urethane groups. It was concluded that the gross in vivo surface degradation of Mitrathane prostheses, observed after six months, could not have been caused by simple chemical hydrolysis alone, as the polymer was found to be stable at 37 degrees C for at least 11 months.
Modal analysis of a rib optical waveguide with trapezoidal cross section by variable transformed Galerkin method (2003)

Galerkin's method with the sine basis function is applied for accurate analysis on the mode propagation problem in integrated optical waveguides. The method is based on a tangent-type variable transformation at spatial coordinates. The dispersion relations and modal field distributions of guided waves in rib waveguides with trapezoidal cross sections are obtained.
PLC-based control of a robot manipulator with closed kinematic chain (2009)

The paper describes the design and implementation of a robot control system on a hardware platform based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The controlled robot is a 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) manipulator with a closed kinematic chain, designed for high-performance pick and place applications in a packaging workcell. The control software is fully developed on a commercial PLC system, using its standard programming tools and the multi-tasking features of its operating system. In particular, the paper analyse in detail the drawbacks and the advantages related to the choice of standard PLCs in this kind of applications, compared to the much common choice of specialized hardware or industrial personal computers, with particular emphasis on the computational performances obtained with the proposed control architecture.
Hierarchical Multi-Scale Architectures with Spin Waves. (2006)

In this paper, we present three hierarchical multiscale architectures that are interconnected electrooptically at micro-scale level and via spin waves at nanoscale level. These architectures are derived from the Optical Reconfigurable Mesh (ORM), which is a MEMS architecture that supports several types of electrical and optical routings. The first multi-scale architecture presented here is a structure that consists of a set of nano-scale spin-wave crossbars that intercommunicate via the ORM’s MEMS electro-optical routing. The second architecture consists of an array of nano-scale reconfigurable meshes that are interconnected with standard electrical reconfigurable switches at the microscale level. And, finally, the third architecture is a set of fully interconnected spin-wave clusters that can intercommunicate directly with one another using the ORM’s MEMS free-space optical routing mechanism. 1.
Switchable piezoelectric transduction in AlGaN/GaN MEMS resonators (2013)

This work presents a new switching mechanism in piezoelectric transduction of AlGaN/GaN bulk acoustic resonators. A piezoelectric transducer is formed in the AlGaN, between a top Schottky electrode and a 2D electron gas (2DEG) as a second electrode. In the off state, this 2DEG can be depleted by applying a negative bias to the top electrode, suppressing transduction and reducing capacitive loading. Switchable AlGaN/GaN resonators are demonstrated from 240MHz to 3.5GHz with frequency-quality factor products up to 1.7×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> in air. Switching is shown in both devices with passive piezoelectric and HEMT sensing, with >19dB suppression in the off state.
Can Fixed Time Delay Signature be Concealed in Chaotic Semiconductor Laser With Optical Feedback? (2012)

External-cavity lasers are usually used for chaos encryption in optical chaos-based communication systems. The external-cavity round-trip time (the time delay in the laser dynamics) is often regarded as an additional key to encode messages, which is a critical security parameter. The feasibility of identifying the time delay has been a crucial issue in chaotic optical communication. Some researchers propose that the time delay can be hidden by modulating the value of feedback strength or increasing the number of feedback cavities. In this paper, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate that the time delay signatures cannot be concealed in optical feedback semiconductor lasers. Whether single or double optical feedback, the time delay signatures can all be identified by the power spectrum analysis method. Furthermore, adjusting the feedback strength, the pumping current and the time-delay value, we find that the extraction of the time delay signatures still cannot be influenced.
New, Stable, Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts (1992)

New ambient-temperature organic molten salts are described. They are easily prepared (usually in one step) and consist o f alkyl-substituted aromatic heterocyclic cations and trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) or methanesulfonate (mesylate) anions. For example, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate has m.p.≃— 10°C, σ=9.3 mS/cm and η=43 cP at 25°, an electrochemical stability window of >4V, and a weight loss rate o f <0.03%/min at 350°C in N2. Interesting differences between triflates and mesylates are discussed. The thermal and chemical stability, wide electrochemical window and high conductivity of some of the new salts make them promising electrolytes and antistats.
Myeloid expression of the human c-fps/fes proto-oncogene in transgenic mice. (1990)

The mammalian c-fps/fes proto-oncogene encodes a 92-kilodalton cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase (p92c-fes), which is expressed in immature and differentiated hematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage. To determine the limits of the c-fps/fes locus and to investigate the cis-acting sequences required to direct appropriate tissue-specific expression, a 13-kilobase-pair fragment of human genomic DNA containing the entire c-fps/fes coding sequence was introduced into the mouse germ line. Transcription of the human c-fps/fes transgene was highest in bone marrow and showed a tissue distribution identical to that of the endogenous mouse gene. Macrophages cultured from transgenic mouse bone marrow contained particularly high levels of human and murine c-fps/fes RNA. Furthermore, expression of human c-fps/fes RNA induced a proportionate increase in the level of the p92c-fes protein-tyrosine kinase in bone marrow, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and spleen. Elevated levels of normal human p92c-fes had no obvious effect on mouse development or hematopoiesis. Remarkably, given the short 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences, expression of the human proto-oncogene in bone marrow was independent of integration site, was proportional to the transgene copy number, and was of comparable efficiency to that of the endogenous mouse c-fps/fes gene. The 13-kilobase-pair fragment therefore defines a genetic locus sufficient for the appropriate tissue-specific expression of the fps/fes protein-tyrosine kinase and includes a dominant cis-acting element that directs integration-independent myeloid expression in transgenic mice.
Fully vector-quantized neural network-based code-excited nonlinear predictive speech coding (1994)

Recent studies have shown that nonlinear predictors can achieve about 2-3 dB improvement in speech prediction over conventional linear predictors. In this paper, we exploit the advantage of the nonlinear prediction capability of neural networks and apply it to the design of improved predictive speech coders. Our studies concentrate on the following three aspects: (a) the development of short-term (formant) and long-term (pitch) nonlinear predictive vector quantizers (b) the analysis of the output variance of the nonlinear predictive filter with respect to the input disturbance (c) the design of nonlinear predictive speech coders. The above studies have resulted in a fully vector-quantized, code-excited, nonlinear predictive speech coder. Performance evaluations and comparisons with linear predictive speech coding are presented. These tests have shown the applicability of nonlinear prediction in speech coding and the improvement in coding performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Damage limited to the hippocampal region produces long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys (1995)

Research in humans and monkeys has demonstrated a system of anatomically related structures in the medial temporal lobe that is important for memory function. This system is comprised of the hippocampal region (i.e., the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper and subicular complex) and the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. While the hippocampal region has long been thought to be important in memory, there are few systematic studies in primates of the effects on memory of damage limited to the hippocampal region. We have used magnetic resonance imaging techniques, together with a stereotaxic approach, to produce bilateral lesions limited to the hippocampal region (the H lesion). Damage to the adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal cortex was minimal. Monkeys with the H lesion exhibited significant and long-lasting impairment on the delayed non-matching to sample task. At the same time, on this and other amnesia-sensitive tasks, monkeys with the H lesion performed better overall than monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal region that also included damage to the adjacent entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices (the H+ lesion). These findings show that, first, the hippocampal region itself is essential for normal memory function; and second, the adjacent entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, either alone or in combination, are also an essential component of the medial temporal lobe memory system.
Automatic Face Annotation System Used Pyramid Database Architecture for Online Social Networks (2013)

Recently, the development of automatic face annotation techniques in online social networks has become a promising research area for the purpose of management of the large numbers of photographs uploaded to social network platforms. In this paper, we construct the pyramid database for the current owner in the Pyramid Database Access Control module by effectively making use of various types of social network context to drastically reduce time expenditure and further boost the accuracy of face identification for real-life personal photo. In our experiments, our evaluation methodologies produced respective F-measure and Similarity accuracy values that were up to 35.40% and 37.57% higher for the proposed approach in comparison to other face annotation methods. Additionally, our efficiency results demonstrate that the proposed approach can produce a 87.44% reduction in the overall execution time.