gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tendamistat (HOE 467), a tight-binding alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces tendae 4158. Isolation, biochemical properties (1984)

Culture fluids of Streptomyces tendae 4158 (ATCC 31210) contain a new kind of polypeptide alpha-amylase inhibitor, tendamistat (HOE 467). Several methods of isolating this inhibitor are described, including two rapid crystallisation methods, which produce homogeneous material. A characteristic of tendamistat is its tight-binding, pH-independent inhibition kinetics and the specific inhibition of the mammalian alpha-amylase form a stoichiometric 1:1 complex, which cannot be separated into its individual components by sodium dodecyl sulphate or molecular sieve chromatography. Studies of the mode of action reveal that the alpha-amylase-inhibiting activity is linked to the intact disulphide bridges of the inhibitor. It is assumed that the multipoint protein-protein bond exists between the enzyme and tendamistat. It is shown that extracellular tendamistat inhibits amylase formed by streptomyces. We therefore assume a regulatory function in the microorganism. By-products of tendamistat, which possess similar enzyme-inhibiting properties, are also described.
A measurement-based admission control algorithm for VoIP (2003)

We propose an admission control algorithm for voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) calls and present the results of an extensive performance evaluation study. The proposed algorithm operates in VoIP gateways and rejects call requests when congestion is indicated in the path to the specified destination gateway. The algorithm derives the network congestion information from the call quality reports received from the current real-time transport protocol (RTP) connections between the source and destination gateways. The performance of the algorithm has been investigated using simulation experiments and the results show very low packet loss ratios (PLRs) for the voice calls. Moreover, the call blocking ratio is very similar to that of an ideal call admission control that knows the exact number of calls at every network link. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.
Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure on Transforming Growth Factor-β3-Induced Chondrogenesis by Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells <i>in Vitro</i> (2006)

This study examined effects of varying magnitudes of intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) applied for different times on chondrogenesis of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. hMSCs were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 MPa of IHP at a frequency of 1 Hz for 4 h/day for 3, 7, and 14 days in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF-beta3). Chondrogenesis was characterized by gene expression, macromolecule production, and extracellular matrix deposition. Exposure of hMSCs to 0.1 MPa of IHP increased SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expression by 2.2- and 5.6-fold, respectively, whereas type II collagen mRNA expression responded maximally at 10 MPa. Production of sulfated glycosaminoglycan responded to IHP of 1 MPa and 10 MPa, whereas collagen levels increased only at 10 MPa. Morphologically, matrix condensation occurred with increased IHP, concomitant with collagen expression. This study demonstrated that different levels of IHP differentially modulate hMSC chondrogenesis in the presence of TGF-beta3. The data suggest that tissue engineering of articular cartilage through application or recruitment of hMSCs can be facilitated by mechanical stimulation.
Label Switched Path Stitching with Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (GMPLS TE) (2008)

In certain scenarios, there may be a need to combine several
Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Label Switched Paths
(LSPs) such that a single end-to-end (e2e) is realized and all
traffic from one constituent is switched onto the next LSP. We
will refer to this as LSP stitching, the key requirement being that
a constituent not be allocated to more than one e2e LSP. The
constituent LSPs will be referred to as LSP segments (S-LSPs). This
document describes extensions to the existing GMPLS signaling protocol
(Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)) to
establish e2e LSPs created from S-LSPs, and describes how the LSPs can
be managed using the GMPLS signaling and routing protocols. It may be
possible to configure a GMPLS node to switch the traffic from an LSP
for which it is the egress, to another for which it is the
ingress, without requiring any signaling or routing extensions
whatsoever and such that the operation is completely transparent to
other nodes. This will also result in stitching in the data plane.
However, this document does not cover this scenario of stitching.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
Photonic crystal thin-film micro-pressure sensors (2015)

We have engineered both the optical and mechanical behaviour of a suspended line defect photonic crystal waveguide to demonstrate an improved sensor response. Utilizing thinner than the conventional photonic crystal membrane increases the mechanical sensitivity and the dynamic range of the sensor. The mechanical sensitivity is also increased by optimizing the membrane pad connected to the core photonic crystal waveguide. The pad optimization also ensures maximum pad flatness under uniform pressure. The overall sensitivity obtained is as high as 6% optical transmission change per Pa of pressure.
<title>Raman detection of pigments in the human retina</title> (1998)

We have used resonance Raman scattering as a non-invasive optical technique to measure the concentration of carotenoid pigments in the human retina. The technique is highly sensitive and specific strength scales linearly with actual macular carotenoid content as measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This will facilitate studies of carotenoid distributions and their role in degenerative diseases of the eye and may allow for the rapid screening of carotenoid levels in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the US.
Effects of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance of nursery pigs (2000)

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of added dietary Lcarnitine on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were fed a control diet containing no added L-carnitine or the control diet with 25, 50, 75, or 100 ppm of added L-carnitine (25, 50, or 100 ppm in Exp. 4). In Exps. 1, 2, and 3 for the overall study, ADG and F/G improved with increasing dietary L-carnitine. In Exp. 4, pigs fed increasing L-carnitine had improved ADG from d 0 to 3 and d 10 to 24. Increasing added carnitine improved F/G from d 10 to 24 and for the overall study. The results suggest that 25 to 50 ppm of added L-carnitine can improve ADG and F/G in nursery pigs. The largest response in pig growth performance was found when carnitine was supplemented to the phase II diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000
Molecular characterization and complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 4 prototype strain duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 (2008)

Phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of viruses of all five genera of the family Paramyxoviridae showed that APMV-4 is more closely related to the APMVs than to other paramyxoviruses, reinforcing the classification of all APMVs in the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae.
High reliability low jitter 80 kV pulse generator (2009)

Switching can be considered to be the essence of pulsed power. Time accurate switch/trigger systems with low inductance are useful in many applications. This article describes a unique switch geometry coupled with a low-inductance capacitive energy store. The system provides a fast-rising high voltage pulse into a low impedance load. It can be challenging to generate high voltage (more than 50 kilovolts) into impedances less than $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\Omega}$, from a low voltage control signal with a fast rise time and high temporal accuracy. The required power amplification is large, and is usually accomplished with multiple stages. The multiple stages can adversely affect the temporal accuracy and the reliability of the system. In the present application, a highly reliable and low jitter trigger generator was required for the $Z$ pulsed-power facility [M. E. Savage, L. F. Bennett, D. E. Bliss, W. T. Clark, R. S. Coats,J. M. Elizondo, K. R. LeChien, H. C. Harjes, J. M. Lehr, J. E. Maenchen, D. H. McDaniel, M. F. Pasik, T. D. Pointon, A. C. Owen, D. B. Seidel, D. L. Smith, B. S. Stoltzfus, K. W. Struve, W. A. Stygar, L. K. Warne, and J. R. Woodworth, 2007 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, NM (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2007), p. 979]. The large investment in each $Z$ experiment demands low prefire probability and low jitter simultaneously. The system described here is based on a 100 kV DC-charged high-pressure spark gap, triggered with an ultraviolet laser. The system uses a single optical path for simultaneously triggering two parallel switches, allowing lower inductance and electrode erosion with a simple optical system. Performance of the system includes 6 ns output rise time into $5.6\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\Omega}$, 550 ps one-sigma jitter measured from the 5 V trigger to the high voltage output, and misfire probability less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The design of the system and some key measurements will be shown in the paper. We will discuss the design goals related to high reliability and low jitter. While reliability is usually important, and is coupled with jitter, reliability is seldom given more than a qualitative analysis (if any at all). We will show how reliability of the system was calculated, and results of a jitter-reliability tradeoff study. We will describe the behavior of sulfur hexafluoride as the insulating gas in the mildly nonuniform field geometry at pressures of 300 to 500 kPa. We will show the resistance of the arc channels, and show the performance comparisons with normal two-channel operation, and single channel operation.
Scintillation properties of lanthanum yttrium oxide ceramic for gamma-ray detection (2014)

A TOC scintillator material, lanthanum yttrium oxide ((La,Y)2O3) has been investigated at RMD. The X-ray excited emission shows a broad band that peaks at ~ 415 nm, originating from the host lattice. Under gamma-ray excitation the emission decays with a fast time constant of ~ 17 ns, and multiple slower components. The temperature dependence of LYO was studied in the -30°C to +50°C range. The relative light output decreases with the increase in the temperature, whereas, the energy resolution was observed to be fairly constant. The scintillation light yield of the material estimated by a comparison with a BGO single crystal is ~21,000 photons/MeV. Energy resolution of 4.9% at 662keV (FWHM) was also measured. The composition shows good proportionality in the 60 keV to 1275 keV energy range, with only ~ 2% deviation from the linear response at 60 keV. The scintillation properties will be further improved by optimization of La concentration and optical quality of the ceramics. The material is not hygroscopic and scale up to large sizes is possible due to cubic structure of Y2O3. Overall, LYO seems to be a very promising material for gamma-ray spectroscopy.
The Synthesis of a New Family of Boron‐Based Anion Receptors and the Study of Their Effect on Ion Pair Dissociation and Conductivity of Lithium Salts in Nonaqueous Solutions (1998)

A new family of anion receptors based on boron compounds has been synthesized. These compounds can be used as anion receptors in lithium battery electrolytes. This family includes various borane and borate compounds with different fluorinated aryl and fluorinated alkyl groups. When these anion receptors are used as additives in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) solutions containing various lithium salts, the ionic conductivities of these solutions are greatly increased. The electrolytes tested in this study were DME solutions containing the following lithium salts: LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, , and . Without the additive, the solubility of LiF in DME (and all other nonaqueous solvents) is very low. With some of these boron compounds as additives, LiF solutions in DME with concentration as high as 1 M were obtained. The solubilities of the other salts were also increased by these additives. Near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy studies show that and anions are complexed with these compounds in DME solutions containing LiCl or LiI salts. The degree of complexation is also closely related to the structures of the fluorinated aryl and alkyl groups, which act as electron‐withdrawing groups. The NEXAFS results are in good agreement with ionic conductivity studies.
Liquid crystal pretilt control by inhomogeneous surfaces (2005)

We consider the pretilt alignment of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) on inhomogeneous surface patterns comprising patches of homeotropic alignment domains in a matrix favoring homogeneous alignment, or vice versa. We found that the resultant LC pretilt generally increases continuously from the homogeneous limit to the homeotropic limit as the area fraction of the homeotropic region increases from 0 to 1. For any given homeotropic area fraction, the variations are qualitatively different depending on how the distance between adjacent patches compares to the extrapolation lengths of the anchoring domains. Our results agree with those previously found in stripe patterns. The present finding provides useful guidelines for designing inhomogeneous alignment surfaces for variable LC pretilt control.
Comparison of P wave durations as assessed with the bipolar and unipolar atrial intracardiac electrograms: Applicability to QuickOpt&#x2122; (2007)

Studies have shown that inter-atrial conduction time (IACT) can be used to estimate optimal PV delays. QuickOpt utilizes the atrial EGM (AEGM) and measures P-wave duration (PW) to estimate the IACT. This study compares PW between bipolar (Bi) and unipolar (Uni) AEGMs in patients with either a pacemaker (PP) or a CRT-D pulse generator. Bipolar (Bi) and Unipolar (Uni) AEGMs were obtained from 42 PP and 18 CRT-D pts. In the PP, PWs associated with Bi and Uni AEGMs were close (114plusmn19 ms vs. 110plusmn20 ms). Intra-patient difference was 3.9plusmn8.7 ms, and the 95% confidence interval for the difference was (1.2, 6.6). With CRT-D, PWs were 79plusmn18.4 ms and 81plusmn14 ms for Bi and Uni sensing and the intra-patient difference was -1.2plusmn14.9 ms. In 18 PP, the difference between ECG and either bipolar or unipolar PW was 4.8plusmn17.8 ms and 0.9 ms plusmn 15.5 ms respectively. PWs were similar between unipolar AEGMs, bipolar AEGMs, and surface ECG.
On-Die Supply-Resonance Suppression Using Band-Limited Active Damping (2007)

The impedance of a microprocessor power-delivery network peaks at ~140MHz, resulting in power-grid resonance, which lowers operating frequency and compromises reliability. A suppression circuit uses an active-damping technique with a maximum of 12.7dB peak-to-peak noise reduction from 70 to 250MHz in a 90nm CMOS process.
Searchable web sites recommendation (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new framework for searchable web sites recommendation. Given a query, our system will recommend a list of searchable web sites ranked by relevance, which can be used to complement the web page results and ads from a search engine. We model the conditional probability of a searchable web site being relevant to a given query in term of three main components: the language model of the query, the language model of the content within the web site, and the reputation of the web site searching capability (static rank). The language models for queries and searchable sites are built using information mined from client-side browsing logs. The static rank for each searchable site leverages features extracted from these client-side logs such as number of queries that are submitted to this site, and features extracted from general search engines such as the number of web pages that indexed for this site, number of clicks per query, and the dwell-time that a user spends on the search result page and on the clicked result web pages. We also learn a weight for each kind of feature to optimize the ranking performance. In our experiment, we discover 10.5 thousand searchable sites and use 5 million unique queries, extracted from one week of log data to build and demonstrate the effectiveness of our searchable web site recommendation system.
Quantitative pupil analysis in stimulated emission depletion microscopy using phase retrieval (2012)

The resolution attainable with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy greatly depends on the quality of the STED laser focus. So far, visual inspection of a measured STED focus has been the only convenient means of gauging the source of aberrations. Here we describe a method, requiring no instrument modifications, for obtaining an equivalent to the complex pupil function at the back aperture of the objective and show that it provides quantitative information about aberration sources (including aberrations induced by the objective or sample). We show the accuracy of this field representation to be sufficient for reconstructing the STED focus in three dimensions and determining corrective steps.
Construction and Characterization of a Chimeric Fusion Protein Consisting of an Anti-idiotype Antibody Mimicking a Breast Cancer-Associated Antigen and the Cytokine GM-CSF (1999)

Anti-idiotype antibody, 11D10 mimics biologically and antigenically a distinct and specific epitope of the high molecular weight human milk fat globule (HMFG), a cancer-associated antigen present in over 90% of breast tumor samples. To augment the immunogenicity of 11D10 without the aid of a carrier protein or adjuvant, we made a chimeric 11D10-GM-CSF fusion protein for use as a vaccine. An expression plasmid for 11D10 was made by ligation of the DNA sequences of the 11D10 light-chain variable region upstream of the human kappa constant region. The heavy-chain plasmid carrying GM-CSF was made by ligation of the heavy-chain variable region sequences upstream of the human gamma1 constant region CH1 fused to the DNA fragment encoding the mature GM-CSF peptide 3' to the CH3 exon. NS1 plasmacytoma cells were transfected with the light and heavy-chain vectors by electroporation. Fusion protein secreted in the culture medium was purified and was characterized by gel electrophoresis as well as by determination of the biological activity of the fused GM-CSF. In nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels, a single band approximately 200 Kd reacted with anti-human kappa, anti-human lambda1 and anti-GM-CSF antibodies. In reducing polyacrylamide gels, a approximately 74 kd protein reacted with anti-human lambda1 and anti-GM-CSF antibodies. The fusion protein induced proliferation of GM-CSF dependent NFS-60 cells. These results suggest that the protein is a chimeric anti-idiotype antibody consisting of 11D10 variable domains, human kappa and lambda1 constant domains and that the GM-CSF moiety fused to the constant region lambda1 is biologically active.
Non-invasive detection of fecal protein kinase C betaII and zeta messenger RNA: putative biomarkers for colon cancer (1998)

We have developed a non-invasive method utilizing feces, containing sloughed colonocytes, as a sensitive technique for detecting diagnostic colonic biomarkers. In this study, we used the rat colon carcinogenesis model to determine if changes in fecal protein kinase C (PKC) expression have predictive value in monitoring the neoplastic process. Weanling rats were injected with saline or azoxymethane (AOM) and 36 weeks later fecal samples and mucosa were collected, poly A+ RNA isolated, and quantitative RT-PCR performed using primers to PKC betaII and zeta. Fecal PKC betaII and zeta mRNA levels were altered by the presence of a tumor, with tumor-bearing animals having a 3-fold higher (P < 0.05) PKC betaII expression as compared with animals without tumors. In addition, AOM-injection increased mucosal PKC betaII mRNA expression compared with saline controls. No effect of tumor incidence on mucosal PKC betaII expression was observed. In contrast, fecal PKC zeta expression was 2.5-fold lower (P < 0.05) in animals injected with azoxymethane versus saline. Since tumor incidence exerts a reciprocal effect on fecal PKC betaII and zeta mRNA expression, data were also expressed as the ratio between PKC betaII and zeta. The isozyme ratio was strongly related to tumor incidence, i.e. ratio for animals with tumors was 2.18 +/- 1.25, animals without tumors was 0.50 +/- 0.16, P = 0.025. We demonstrate that the expression of fecal PKC betaII and zeta may serve as a noninvasive marker for development of colon tumors. A sensitive technique for the detection of colon cancer is of importance since early diagnosis can substantially reduce mortality.
Enhanced Video Analytics for Sentiment Analysis Based on Fusing Textual, Auditory and Visual Information (2020)

With the widespread of online videos and digital transformation, video informatics and analytics have recently gained substantially increasing importance with an impressive success in a variety of tasks such as digital marketing, video surveillance and security systems, healthcare systems, talk show analysis, analysis of influencing groups in social media, and target tracking. This paper evaluates the potential contribution of various video modalities and how they are correlated to video analytics for sentiment analysis in the morphologically-rich Arabic language. Moreover, an enhanced approach is presented for video analytics to predict the speaker's sentiment of multi-dialect Arabic through the integration of textual, auditory and visual modalities. Different features are extracted to represent each modality including prosodic and spectral acoustic features to represent audio, neural word embedding to represent audio text transcript, and dense optical-flow descriptors to represent visual modality. The extracted features are used individually to train two machine learning classifiers to provide a baseline. Then, the effectiveness of various combinations of modalities is verified using multi-level fusion (feature, score and decision). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach of combining different modalities can lead to more accurate prediction of speaker's sentiment with above 94% accuracy.
A novel acetylcholinesterase gene in mosquitoes codes for the insecticide target and is non–homologous to the<i>ace</i>gene<i>Drosophila</i> (2002)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of two major insecticide families, organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates. AChE insensitivity is a frequent resistance mechanism in insects and responsible mutations in the ace gene were identified in two Diptera, Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica. However, for other insects, the ace gene cloned by homology with Drosophila does not code for the insensitive AChE in resistant individuals, indicating the existence of a second ace locus. We identified two AChE loci in the genome of Anopheles gambiae, one (ace-1) being a new locus and the other (ace-2) being homologous to the gene previously described in Drosophila. The gene ace-1 has no obvious homologue in the Drosophila genome and was found in 15 mosquito species investigated. In An. gambiae, ace-1 and ace-2 display 53% similarity at the amino acid level and an overall phylogeny indicates that they probably diverged before the differentiation of insects. Thus, both genes are likely to be present in the majority of insects and the absence of ace-1 in Drosophila is probably due to a secondary loss. In one mosquito (Culex pipiens), ace-1 was found to be tightly linked with insecticide resistance and probably encodes the AChE OP target. These results have important implications for the design of new insecticides, as the target AChE is thus encoded by distinct genes in different insect groups, even within the Diptera: ace-2 in at least the Drosophilidae and Muscidae and ace-1 in at least the Culicidae. Evolutionary scenarios leading to such a peculiar situation are discussed.