gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Polymers for Use in Saliva Substitutes on De- and Remineralization of Enamel in vitro (1997)

A number of polymers which have previously been tested for their applicability as thickening agents in saliva substitutes were studied in vitro for their caries-protective properties. These were: polyacrylic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose and porcine gastric mucin. The polymers were tested for their effects on: (1) growth of hydroxyapatite crystals in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution, (2) dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals in 50 mM acetic acid, pH 5.2 and (3) demineralization and remineralization of bovine enamel in a pH-cycling model. Growth of hydroxyapatite crystals was strongly inhibited by polyacrylic acid and carboxymethylcellulose at very low concentrations (0.005% w/v). Other polymers displayed lower inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal growth. Hydroxyapatite dissolution was inhibited by all polymers except by hydroxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum. This occurred both in the presence of the polymers as well as after a 30-min preincubation. In the pH-cycling experiment, bovine enamel specimens with preformed lesions were alternately exposed to a demineralization buffer and a remineralization buffer containing the polymers hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, polyacrylic acid, or porcine gastric mucin. A remineralization buffer containing 1 ppm NaF was used as a positive control. Under the experimental conditions, the control experiment without additives resulted in a net mineral loss (30.6 mumol Ca/cm2 after 14 days of pH cycling). In the presence of 1 ppm NaF, a small mineral gain was observed (8.6 mumol/cm2). All polymers largely inhibited further demineralization (1.2-12.3 mumol/cm2) except polyacrylic acid which, inhibited of its high calcium-binding capacity, caused demineralization, especially in the remineralization buffer (17.1 mumol/cm2). In conclusion, polymers tested in this study, except the polyacrylic acid, reduced the demineralization of enamel in vitro. The precise mechanism of the protective effect is not clear but it is speculated that formation of an absorbed polymer layer on the hydroxyapatite or enamel surface may provide protection against acidic attacks.
The Temperature Dependence of SAW Resonator Filters Using Folded Acoustic Coupling (1979)

This paper discusses the temperature characteristics of folded-path acoustically-coupled SAWresonator-filters (i.e., filters that incorporate a U-path reflector within the intercavity coupler). In the standard filter on ST quartz the resonator cavities lie along the first-order temperature compensated X-direction, but the perpendicular transit within the U-path lies along a direction with a significant linear coefficient of delay. Results show that the complete filter has a significant phase but a relatively weak amplitude dependence on temperature. We have found that all firstorder temperature dependence can be eliminated, however, by incorporating a new three-bounce Upath that uses additional temperature compensated directions on ST-quartz. do considerably better than ST-X quartz by making use of the parallel filter concept developed by Browning and Lewis.l In our case, a new two-path intercavity coupler, which uses the temperature dependence of the standard U-path filter to interfere with a second electromechanical coupling path, has been developed. This combination provides a desirable higher-order phase versus temperature characteristic without adding significantly to filter complexity or area.
Optimal left-to-right binary signed-digit recoding (2000)

This paper describes new methods for producing optimal binary signed-digit representations. This can be useful in the fast computation of exponentiations. Contrary to existing algorithms, the digits are scanned from left to right (i.e., from the most significant position to the least significant position). This may lead to better performances in both hardware and software.
Chronic administration of buprenorphine in combination with samidorphan produces sustained effects in olfactory bulbectomised rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats (2019)

Chronic treatment of buprenorphine alone or buprenorphine plus samidorphan is effective in reversing behavioural deficits in distinct non-clinical paradigms. These non-clinical results complement the antidepressant effect of this combination observed in clinical studies.
I. Trace Analysis of NO/NO2 Mixtures by Laser Photofragmentation/ Fragment Photoionization Spectrometry at Visible Wavelengths (1998)

Abstract : Trace concentrations of NO and NO2 molecules are differentiated spectrally using a visible dye laser and a simple flow cell with a pair of miniature electrodes for ion detection. NO is detected near 452 nm by (2+2) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization via its A2SIGMA(+) - X2II (0,0) transitions, while NO2 is detected by laser photofragmentation with subsequent fragment NO ionization via the A2SIGMA(+) - X2II (0,0) and (1,1) transitions. Spectral differentiation is possible since the internal energy of the NO photofragment differs from that of NO. Measurement of vibrationally excited NO via its A2SIGMA(+) - X2II (0,3) band is also demonstrated at 517 nm. Rotationally resolved spectra of NO and fragment NO are analyzed using a multiparameter computer program based on two-photon energy-level expressions and line strengths for A2SIGMA(+) - X2II transitions. Boltzmann analysis of the P12 + O22 branch of the (0,0) band reveals that the rotational temperature of fragment NO is approximately 500 K compared to room temperature NO. Limits of detection (S/N = 3) of NO and NO2 are in the 20-40-ppbv range at 449.2, 450.7, and 452.6 nm for a 10-s integration time. The limit of detection of NO2 at 517.5 nm is 75 ppbv. The analytical utility of the technique for ambient air analysis is evaluated and discussed.
Nanobiopolymer for Direct Targeting and Inhibition of EGFR Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2012)

Treatment options for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are generally limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recently, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy has been introduced for TNBC patients. We engineered a novel nanobioconjugate based on a poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) nanoplatform for TNBC treatment. The nanobioconjugate carries anti-tumor nucleosome-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2C5 to target breast cancer cells, anti-mouse transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody for drug delivery through the host endothelial system, and Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (AON) to inhibit EGFR synthesis. The nanobioconjugates variants were: (1) P (BioPolymer) with AON, 2C5 and anti-TfR for tumor endothelial and cancer cell targeting, and EGFR suppression (P/AON/2C5/TfR), and (2) P with AON and 2C5 (P/AON/2C5). Controls included (3) P with 2C5 but without AON (P/2C5), (4) PBS, and (5) P with PEG and leucine ester (LOEt) for endosomal escape (P/mPEG/LOEt). Drugs were injected intravenously to MDA-MB-468 TNBC bearing mice. Tissue accumulation of injected nanobioconjugates labeled with Alexa Fluor 680 was examined by Xenogen IVIS 200 (live imaging) and confocal microscopy of tissue sections. Levels of EGFR, phosphorylated and total Akt in tumor samples were detected by western blotting. In vitro western blot showed that the leading nanobioconjugate P/AON/2C5/TfR inhibited EGFR synthesis significantly better than naked AON. In vivo imaging revealed that 2C5 increased drug-tumor accumulation. Significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in mice treated with the lead nanobioconjugate (1) [P = 0.03 vs. controls; P<0.05 vs. nanobioconjugate variant (2)]. Lead nanobioconjugate (1) also showed stronger inhibition of EGFR expression and Akt phosphorylation than other treatments. Treatment of TNBC with the new nanobioconjugate results in tumor growth arrest by inhibiting EGFR and its downstream signaling intermediate, phosphorylated Akt. The nanobioconjugate represents a new generation of nanodrugs for treatment of TNBC.
Increased expression of a novel leukocytic factor in patients with hemolytic anemia (1994)

Abstract Misprimed polymerase chain reaction (PGR) products were generated from the crude leukocytic DNA extract of four of five patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia, during the course of exon 6 pyruvate kinase L gene amplification. These by-products, which originated from abundant mRNA templates, were not observed in seven healthy individuals. Two markers were cloned (GenBank accession numbers M64700 and M64701). We focused further studies on one of the human markers associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia, human DNA marker B (HUMDNAMB). HUMDNAMB is a 451-bp open reading frame that has never been described previously. The nucleic acid sequence region 303–416 is 63% homologous to a coding region of the bovine interferon α-A gene. Matrix analysis of the amino acid sequences reveals a structural similarity between the two proteins. The HUMDNAMB protein is expected to be larger than interferons, based on the size of its 2-kb messenger RNA detected by Northern blot in human leukocytes, fetal liver, and fetal intestine. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 1–6; 1994.
Electrical suppression of all nonradiative recombination pathways in monolayer semiconductors (2019)

Defects in conventional semiconductors substantially lower the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), a key metric of optoelectronic performance that directly dictates the maximum device efficiency. Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, often exhibit low PL QY for as-processed samples, which has typically been attributed to a large native defect density. We show that the PL QY of as-processed MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> monolayers reaches near-unity when they are made intrinsic through electrostatic doping, without any chemical passivation. Surprisingly, neutral exciton recombination is entirely radiative even in the presence of a high native defect density. This finding enables TMDC monolayers for optoelectronic device applications as the stringent requirement of low defect density is eased.
Multimicrophone directional hearing aid using hybrid adaptive beamforming. (1996)

Recent studies have demonstrated some success in improving speech intelligibility when either competing voices or reverberation are present, using an adaptive beamformer in the first case and a fixed-weight beamformer in the second. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a hybrid beamformer incorporating the strengths of an adaptive beamformer with the advantages of an optimally chosen fixed-weight beamformer. Received signals at a short array of microphones in a room were simulated for a single talker and for a babble of voices at each of several interferer locations. Three rooms with different absorption coefficients were simulated. Conditions with more than one simultaneous interferer location and with starts and stops of an interferer are being tested. Success of the hybrid adaptive beamformer is being assessed by informal listening and by measuring the intelligibility-weighted improvement in SNR. Preliminary results appear promising.
Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride via Ferric Chloride Intercalation (2014)

Sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as an activation agent to successfully intercalate ferric chloride (FeCl3) into hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). This reaction caused the hBN mass to increase by approx.100 percent, the lattice parameter c to decrease from 6.6585 to between 6.6565 and 6.6569 Ǻ, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) (002) peak to widen from 0.01deg to 0.05deg of the full width half maximum value, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum's broad band (1277/cm peak) to change shape, and new FTIR bands to emerge at 3700 to 2700 and 1600/cm. This indicates hBN's structural and chemical properties are significantly changed. The intercalated product was hygroscopic and interacted with moisture in the air to cause further structural and chemical changes (from XRD and FTIR). During a 24-h hold at room temperature in air with 100 percent relative humidity, the mass increased another 141 percent. The intercalated product, hydrated or not, can be heated to 750 C in air to cause exfoliation. Exfoliation becomes significant after two intercalation-air heating cycles, when 20-nm nanosheets are commonly found. Structural and chemical changes indicated by XRD and FTIR data were nearly reversed after the product was placed in hydrochloric acid (HCl), resulting in purified, exfoliated, thin hBN products.
An Improved Process for Isolation of Corn Fiber Gum (1998)

ABSTRACT Sequential alkaline extraction and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) bleaching have been used to prepare corn fiber gum in yields ranging from 21 to 40%, depending on the pH of the extraction medium. The pH was adjusted by using different ratios of NaOH and Ca(OH) 2 The whitest product was obtained after AHP bleaching of the extract obtained using the lowest pH value. In order for the product gum to give its characteristic clear and low viscosity solutions, it was necessary to remove starch from the corn fiber substrate using α‐amylase. The water‐insoluble hemicellulose A fraction, a minor component, was removed by neutralizing AHP‐treated extracts before ethanol precipitation of the useful hemicellulose B (corn fiber gum) fraction. At ambient temperature, AHP bleaching was near optimal after ≈2 hr under the processing conditions used. High ratios of arabinose (39%) to xylose (50%) were present in the corn fiber gum extracted under various alkaline conditions, and the H 2 O 2 processing step did not significantly alter these ratios. The same low levels of galactose (7%) and glucuronic acid (4%) were present regardless of the extraction conditions. Molecular mass of the corn fiber gum preparations ranged from 2.78 × 10 5 for the material extracted with Ca(OH) 2 to 3.94 × 10 5 for the material extracted with NaOH. Molecular mass was unaffected by the H 2 O 2 present in the second processing step. As expected for a carbohydrate polymer with a rather low uronic acid content, solution viscosities were unaffected by the presence of salt.
Development of a desktop-sized thermal lens microscope (2003)

超高感度かつはん用性の高い，デスクトップサイズの熱レンズ顕微鏡（DT-TLM）を開発した．光学系の単純化と最適化によって，DT-TLMの操作性は従来の大型TLMに比較して大きく向上した．非蛍光性の色素分子（Sunset Yellow）水溶液を用いて性能評価したところ，色素分子濃度1×10－8～1×10－7 Mの範囲で良好な直線関係を示した．検量線の標準偏差（2σ）から定量下限値は1.10×10－8 M，S/N比（＝2）から検出下限値は8.27×10－9 Mとそれぞれ見積もられた．これらの結果は大型TLMとほぼ同等の値であった．
A 4-channel 24-27 GHz UWB phased array transmitter in 0.13 &#x003BC;m CMOS for vehicular radar (2007)

The variable-phase ring oscillator (VPRO) and phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture for integrated phased arrays enables the elimination of mixers, power splitters/combiners and phase shifters and hence allows for compact and power-efficient implementations. This paper extends the architecture to ultra-wideband (UWB) applications through architectural and circuit innovations. The implementation of a wideband VPRO enables the generation of UWB signals through the PLL which are inherently phase-shifted to accomplish beam-steering. The VPRO operates at half of the desired frequency range, and a squarer is interposed between the VPRO and the power amplifier of each channel. This doubles the bandwidth and the inter-channel phase shift and enables the architecture to cover the ±180° phase-shift range required for full beam-steering coverage. In addition, a waveform-adaptive, tunable-narrowband design paradigm is introduced that greatly simplifies the design of UWB RF blocks. A fully-integrated, 4-channel, 24-27 GHz, phased-array transmitter, useful for vehicular radar applications, is implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS to validate these claims.
Cavity-Dumped Mode-Locked Picosecond Alexandrite Single Pulse Laser with Double Trigger System (2018)

Cavity-dumped mode-locked single pulse laser having a pulse width of 292 ps was developed with a double trigger system, which improved the pulse width stability from 16.7% to 6.7% standard deviation.
Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of Trunkamide A<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Marine organisms are a rich source of novel, biologically active compounds. Herein, the solid-phase total synthesis of trunkamide A, currently in preclinical trials, is presented. Trunkamide A contains a thiazoline heterocycle and two residues of Ser and Thr with the hydroxy function modified as reverse prenyl (rPr). Cornerstones of the synthesis are as follows: (i) solid-phase peptide chain elongation using a quasi-orthogonal protecting scheme with tert-butyl and fluorenyl based groups, on a chlorotrityl resin; (ii) concourse of HOAt-based coupling reagents; and (iii) cyclizations in solution. Furthermore, the following synthetic steps are discussed: (i) preparation of the reverse prenyl derivatives of Ser and Thr; (ii) introduction of precursor of thiazoline as a protected amino thionoacid derivative; and (iii) formation of the thiazoline ring with DAST. All these features make this strategy particularly suitable for the large-scale synthesis of trunkamide A and other peptides containing the same motifs.
Preventive Equipment for Urinary Incontinence: A Device Employing Lower Abdominal Impendance Changes (1994)

The object of this work was to develop a monitoring device for measuring the volume of urine in the bladder to signal, in advance, the need to urinate and thus help prevent urinary incontinence. A high-frequency electric current of 50 KHz transmitter was applied to a pair of terminals placed on the surface of a human body. The constant current was 2mA (p-p). A pair of voltage electrodes was placed in the path of the electric current to pick up high-frequency voltage signals. The best position for current electrodes was found to be on the surface of both femoral joints. Positioning the voltage electrode above the bladder on the lower abdomen was most efficient for detecting the volume of urine. New current electrodes sutured onto underpants were fitted on the surface above the femoral joints, which did not shift in the case of movement by the subjects. The reproducibility and stability were remarkably good with this electrode. The alarm level which foretold both maximum storage volume and maximum desire to void was examined. After that, when the alarm level was set within the range of impedance charge, 60% to 70%, the possibility of prediction of urination exists.
A geometric calibration method for the digital chest tomosynthesis with dual-axis scanning geometry (2019)

The aim of this study was to develop a geometric calibration method capable of eliminating the reconstruction artifacts of geometric misalignments in a tomosynthesis prototype with dual-axis scanning geometry. The potential scenarios of geometric misalignments were demonstrated, and their effects on reconstructed images were also evaluated. This method was a phantom-based approach with iterative optimization, and the calibration phantom was designed for specific tomosynthesis scanning geometry. The phantom was used to calculate a set of geometric parameters from each projection, and these parameters were then used to evaluate the geometric misalignments of the dual-axis scanning-geometry prototype. The simulated results revealed that the extracted geometric parameters were similar to the input values and that the artifacts of reconstructed images were minimized due to geometric calibration. Additionally, experimental chest phantom imaging results also indicated that the artifacts of the reconstructed images were suppressed and that object structures were preserved through calibration. And the quantitative analysis result also indicated that the MTF can be further improved with the geometric calibration. All the simulated and experimental results demonstrated that this method is effective for tomosynthesis with dual-axis scanning geometry. Furthermore, this geometric calibration method can also be applied to other tomography imaging systems to reduce geometric misalignments and be used for different geometric calibration phantom configurations.
Focusing short-wavelength X-rays and neutrons with advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez optics (2004)

Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors can efficiently condense x-rays and neutrons. Nondispersive KB x-ray optics with focal spots below 100 nm have been demonstrated and beams as small as 20 nm are possible. Similarly, KB-mirrors can focus neutrons to dimensions less than 100×100 square microns with performance limited primarily by the source brilliance.
Abstract 4409: A bispecific T-cell engager effectively eradicates EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma multiforme (2010)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and remains uniformly lethal despite the progress of conventional therapies, which lack specificity and thus result in high toxicity to normal cells. Immunotherapy promises to induce robust tumor-specific immune responses that eliminate neoplastic cells with unparalleled specificity and with no additional toxicity to multimodality therapy. Recently, an approach using recombinant bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), which consist of a tumor-targeting, single-chain antibody conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a T-cell activation ligand such as CD3, has arisen as a promising means for treating tumors. Human trials using a CD19XaCD3 BiTE confirmed the potency of these constructs by producing tumor regression in 7/7 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most significant limitation of these promising constructs, however, is the lack of tumor-specific targets that are frequently and homogeneously expressed. The epidermal growth factor receptor mutation EGFRvIII is a consistent 801-base-pair in-frame deletion in the extracellular domain of EGFR, not expressed in normal tissues but widely expressed in GBM and other common neoplasms. EGFRvIII also produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that enhances neoplastic cell growth and migration and confers radiation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Thus EGFRvIII appears to be a perfect anti-tumor target for these novel constructs. Here, we hypothesize that by targeting EGFRvIII through the T-cell engager MR1-1XaCD3, GBM will be efficiently eradicated. To test our hypothesis, we constructed the molecule MR1-1XaCD3, which consists of MR1-1, the murine anti-human EGFRvIII single-chain Fv, and aCD3, the murine anti-human CD3 single-chain Fv. MR1-1XaCD3 was expressed in and purified from bacteria BL21 (DE3), and the activity of this double function molecule was confirmed by FACS showing its specific binding to EGFRvIII-expressing cell lines, as well as human T cells. The cytotoxicity of MR1-1XaCD3 on EGFRvIII-expressing GBM D54MG. EGFRvIII cell lines was measured in vitro by standard chromium release assay. Preliminary results show that the MR1-1 construct is highly cytotoxic and antigen-specific, with an 8-fold increase in specific lysis for D54MG. EGFRvIII over the wild-type control. Currently, the efficacy of MR1-1XaCD3 is being evaluated in NOD/SCID gamma mice where human EGFRvIII-expressing xenografts have been implanted. In summary, our experiments showed that a human EGFRvIII-specific T-cell engager, MR1-1XaCD3, is effective on EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells and provide new insights into GBM treatments. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4409.