gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-driven understanding and refinement of schema mappings (2001)

At the heart of many data-intensive applications is the problem of quickly and accurately transforming data into a new form. Database researchers have long advocated the use of declarative queries for this process. Yet tools for creating, managing and understanding the complex queries necessary for data transformation are still too primitive to permit widespread adoption of this approach. We present a new framework that uses data examples as the basis for understanding and refining declarative schema mappings. We identify a small set of intuitive operators for manipulating examples. These operators permit a user to follow and refine an example by walking through a data source. We show that our operators are powerful enough both to identify a large class of schema mappings and to distinguish effectively between alternative schema mappings. These operators permit a user to quickly and intuitively build and refine complex data transformation queries that map one data source into another.
Efficacy of Intermittent Dosage of 8-Aminoquinolines for Therapy orProphylaxis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Rats (1992)

Experimental 8-aminoquinolines from Walter Reed Army Institute for Research are effective for prophylaxis or therapy of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rat models. In the present study, primaquine, WR6026, and WR238605 were tested in prophylaxis and treatment models of P. carinii pneumonia to compare the effectiveness of continuous versus intermittent dosing. For treatment of P. carinii pneumonia, the drugs showed detectable effects when given once every 4 days (primaquine and WR6026 at doses greater than 8 mg/kg; WR238605 at doses greater than 2 mg/kg). For prophylaxis, WR6026 and WR238605 were effective given alone daily (WR6026 at doses greater than 0.25 mg/kg; WR238605 at doses greater than 0.57 mg/kg). WR6026 and WR238605 at 4 mg/kg given once every 4 days for prophylaxis were as effective as daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These studies suggest that higher doses of 8-aminoquinolines administered at appropriate intervals may be as effective as continuous dosing for prophylaxis of P. carinii pneumonia.
A predictive framework for the design and fabrication of icephobic polymers (2017)

Ice accretion remains a costly, hazardous concern worldwide. Icephobic coatings reduce the adhesion between ice and a surface. However, only a handful of the icephobic systems reported to date reduce the ice adhesion sufficiently for the facile and passive removal of ice, such as under its own weight or by mild winds. Most of these icephobic surfaces have relied on sacrificial lubricants, which may be depleted over time, drastically raising the ice adhesion. In contrast, surfaces that use interfacial slippage to lower their adhesion to ice can remain icephobic indefinitely. However, the mechanism of interfacial slippage, as it relates to ice adhesion, is largely unexplored. We investigate how interfacial slippage reduces the ice adhesion of polymeric materials. We propose a new, universally applicable framework that may be used to predict the reduction in the adhesion of ice to surfaces exhibiting interfacial slippage. This framework allows one to rationally engender icephobicity in essentially any polymeric system, including common thermoplastics. Hence, we present several new, extremely icephobic systems fabricated from a wide range of materials, including everyday engineering plastics and sustainable, natural oils.
Wideband SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) channellizer using slanted array input transducer (1985)

Abstract : Acoustic signal processing apparatus for the frequency-partition processing of a wideband RF spectrum surface acoustic wave (SAW) input signal into a multiplicity of relatively narrowband individual contiguous acoustic wave output signals, utilizing a wideband, linearly-dispersive, slanted array input transducer arranged on a wave-conductive surface with multiple arrayed output transduceers, each frequency-responsive to a respective band of frequencies emanated from the imput transducer. (Author)
A speech synthesizer for rule-based synthesis (1989)

A new speech synthesizer is proposed that is suitable for speech synthesis by rule. This synthesizer is based on a source-filter model and consists of two sources—a glottal source and a noise source—and three cascade filters. Each source can be connected with any of the filters dynamically. Each filter is used as a speech component, which is produced as a source signal filtered by a slow varying system and has a limited duration. The speech signal consists of some components overlapping each other in time-frequency domain. The experimental system was developed on a 32-bit personal computer. The software system has two subsystems, a speech synthesizer with a format pattern interpreter and a speech analysis system with a speech database. A formant pattern interpreter reads a formant pattern definition file, and a controls speech synthesizer routine. Speech analysis is based on the maximum entropy method (MEM), and a database contains 25 min of recorded male voice samples. Experimental results showed that this synthesizer can easily realize the spectral discontinuity between phonemes.
Redox activation of galactose oxidase: thin-layer electrochemical study (1985)

The redox activation of galactose oxidase by various oxidants is characterized by using a unique thin-layer electrochemical cell. Activation is shown to be strictly a redox process and can be rapidly accomplished by using ferricyanide, cobalt terpyridine or tetracyanomonophenanthroline ferrate, and a control electrode to control solution potential. This oxidation is a one-electron process and does not result in modified galactose oxidase which exhibits enhanced activity. On the contrary, this oxidation is required for activity. The solution potential dependence of activity is independent of which of these mediator-titrants is used, the concentration used, and which of various substrates is used in the determination. The substrates used were acetol, dihydroxyacetone, glycerin, 2-propyn-1-ol, allyl alcohol, 2-butyne-1,4-diol, furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 4-pyridylcarbinol, galactose, and stachyose. The E1/2 and n values obtained are 0.40 +/- 0.005 V vs. SHE and 0.9 +/- 0.1 electron at pH 7.3. E1/2 is defined as the potential at which half the maximal enzymatic activity is observed and probably reflects the E0' of the enzymic group involved in activation. A model is proposed in which activation occurs during turnover due to the redox buffering (by oxidants) of an enzymic Cu(II)/Cu(I) state which has a higher E0' than in resting galactose oxidase. The pH dependence of E1/2 is 60 mV/pH unit in the pH range 6.0-8.0. The data suggest that the deprotonation of an amino acid residue facilitates the one-electron oxidation (activation) of galactose oxidase.
Oxazine derivatives of γ- and δ-tocotrienol display enhanced anticancer activity in vivo. (2014)

Tocotrienol oxazine derivatives may provide benefit as therapeutic agents against breast cancer.
Quantitative Assessment of Bactericidal Activities of β-Lactam Antibiotics by Agar Plate Method (1978)

Quantitative bactericidal activities of beta-lactam antibiotics were determined by the agar plate method. Broth cultures, of which the colony-forming units were counted before the study, were inoculated on antibiotic-containing agar plates, utilizing a 10(-3), 10(-2), or 10(-1) dilution or undiluted culture plated with each 0.001-ml calibrated loop. These plates were incubated at 37 degrees C overnight, and the minimal drug concentration at which no bacterial growth was observed on the plates was defined as minimal inhibitory concentration. After this procedure, the agar surface was treated with beta-lactamase spray to inactivate the antibiotic. These plates were incubated again at 37 degrees C overnight. The minimal drug concentration at which no evidence of bacterial growth was visible on the plates (resulting in a 100% kill) was defined as minimal bactericidal concentration. The lowest concentration which reduced the number of colony-forming units to 1/1,000 that in the original inoculum (resulting in a 99.9% kill) was defined as minimal lethal concentration. When compared for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (non-enterococcal), beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and enterococcus, the minimal bactericidal concentrations were generally several fold higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Minimal lethal concentrations were virtually the same as minimal inhibitory concentrations for gram-negative strains; however, for some gram-positive strains, minimal lethal concentrations were higher than minimal inhibitory concentrations.
Sandwich reflection hologram combiner for display applications (1990)

Aholographic combiner performing as a transmission combiner, consisting of two reflection holograms sandwiched together, has been developed for display applications which may benefit in packaging and/or performance due to the transmission geometry. The SRH combiner benefits from the reflection holographic components to reduce the spectral bandwidth to less than 20 nm. Predicted performance of the SRH versus simple transmission holograms, experimental data on the SRH, and practical display applications are presented.
Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam–Polymer Composite with Superior Deicing Efficiency and Strength (2018)

The adhesion of ice severely compromises the aerodynamic performance of aircrafts operating under critically low-temperature conditions to their surfaces. In this study, highly thermally and electrically conductive graphene foam (GrF) polymer composite is fabricated. GrF-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) deicing composite exhibits superior deicing efficiency of 477% and electrical conductivities of 500 S m<sup>-1</sup> with only 0.1 vol % graphene foam addition as compared to other nanocarbon-based deicing systems. The three-dimensional interconnected architecture of GrF allows the effective deicing of surfaces by employing low power densities (0.2 W cm<sup>-2</sup>). Electrothermal stability of the GrF-PDMS composite was proven after enduring 100 cycles of the dc loading-unloading current. Moreover, multifunctional GrF-PDMS deicing composite provides simultaneous mechanical reinforcement by the effective transfer and absorption of loads resulting in a 23% and 18% increase in elastic modulus and tensile strength, respectively, as compared to pure PDMS. The enhanced efficiency of the GrF-PDMS deicing composite is a novel alternative to current high-power consumption deicing systems.
Convolutional sparse representation of color images (2016)

Convolutional sparse representations differ from the standard form of sparse representations in their composition from coefficient maps convolved with dictionary filters instead of linear combinations of dictionary vectors. When applied to images, the standard form is usually independently computed over a set of overlapping image patches. The advantage of the convolutional form is that it provides a single-valued representation optimized over an entire signal, but this comes at a substantial computational cost. A recent algorithm for sparse coding via a convolutional form of Basis Pursuit DeNoising, however, has substantially reduced the computational cost of computing these representations. The present paper extends this algorithm to multi-channel signals such as color images, which has not previously been reported in the literature.
Recombinant Antigens To Detect<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M in Human Sera by Enzyme Immunoassay (2000)

We have evaluated the diagnostic utility of eleven Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (P22 [SAG2], P24 [GRA1], P25, P28 [GRA2], P29 [GRA7], P30 [SAG1], P35, P41 [GRA4], P54 [ROP2], P66 [ROP1], and P68) in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Rec-ELISAs). Following an initial evaluation, six recombinant antigens (P29, P30, P35, P54, P66, and P68) were tested in the IgG and IgM Rec-ELISAs with four groups of samples which span the toxoplasmosis disease spectrum (negative, chronic infection, acute infection, and recent seroconversion). Our results suggest that the combination of P29, P30, and P35 in an IgG Rec-ELISA and the combination of P29, P35, and P66 in an IgM Rec-ELISA can replace the tachyzoite antigen in IgG and IgM serologic tests, respectively. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and agreement for the IgG P29-P30-P35 Rec-ELISA were 98.4, 95.7, and 97.2%, respectively. The resolved sensitivity, specificity, and agreement for the IgM P29-P35-P66 Rec-ELISA were 93.1, 95.0, and 94. 5%, respectively. Relative to the tachyzoite-based immunocapture IgM assay, the IgM P29-P35-P66 Rec-ELISA detects fewer samples that contain IgG antibodies with elevated avidity from individuals with an acute toxoplasmosis.
Physical Data Independence, Constraints, and Optimization with Universal Plans (1999)

We present an optimization method and algorithm designed for three objectives: physical data independence, semantic optimization, and generalized tableau minimization. The method relies on generalized forms of chase and &quot;backchase&quot; with constraints (dependencies). By using dictionaries (finite functions) in physical schemas we can capture with constraints useful access structures such as indexes, materialized views, source capabilities, access support relations, gmaps, etc. The search space for query plans is de ned and enumerated in a novel manner: the chase phase rewrites the original query into a &quot;universal&quot; plan that integrates all the access structures and alternative pathways that are allowed by applicable constraints. Then, the backchase phase produces optimal plans by eliminating various combinations of redundancies, again according to constraints. This method is applicable (sound) to a large class of queries, physical access structures, and semantic constraints. We prove that it is in fact complete for &quot;path-conjunctive&quot; queries and views with complex objects, classes and dictionaries, going beyond previous theoretical work on processing queries using materialized views.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Forkhead Box F2 Suppresses Gastric Cancer through a Novel FOXF2–IRF2BPL–β-Catenin Signaling Axis (2023)

<p>Forkhead box F2 suppresses gastric cancer through a novel FOXF2-IRF2BPL-β-catenin signaling axis</p>
Probe beam deflection technique as acoustic emission directionality sensor with photoacoustic emission source (2014)

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the unique capability of measuring the vector or angular information of propagating acoustic waves using an optical sensor. Acoustic waves were generated using photoacoustic interaction and detected by the probe beam deflection technique. Experiments and simulations were performed to study the interaction of acoustic emissions with an optical sensor in a coupling medium. The simulated results predict the probe beam and wavefront interaction and produced simulated signals that are verified by experiment.
A Tyrosine-sulfated Peptide Derived from the Heavy-chain CDR3 Region of an HIV-1-neutralizing Antibody Binds gp120 and Inhibits HIV-1 Infection (2006)

Sulfated tyrosines at the amino terminus of the principal HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 play a critical role in its ability to bind the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and mediate HIV-1 entry. Human antibodies that recognize the CCR5-binding region of gp120 are also modified by tyrosine sulfation, which is necessary for their ability to neutralize HIV-1. Here we demonstrate that a sulfated peptide derived from the CDR3 region of one of these antibodies, E51, can efficiently bind gp120. Association of this peptide, pE51, with gp120 requires tyrosine sulfation and is enhanced by, but not dependent on, CD4. Alteration of any of four pE51 tyrosines, or alteration of gp120 residues 420, 421, or 422, critical for association with CCR5, prevents gp120 association with pE51. pE51 neutralizes HIV-1 more effectively than peptides based on the CCR5 amino terminus and may be useful as a fusion partner with other protein inhibitors of HIV-1 entry. Our data provide further insight into the association of the CCR5 amino terminus with gp120, show that a conserved, sulfate-binding region of gp120 is accessible to inhibitors in the absence of CD4, and suggest that soluble mimetics of CCR5 can be more effective than previously appreciated.
Modulating the Catalytic Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with the Anion of the Precursor Salt (2017)

In this work, we tested our hypothesis that surface chemistry and antioxidant properties of cerium nanoparticles (CNPs) are affected by presence of counterions. We first employed various precursor cerium (III) (Ce(III)) salts with different counterions (acetate, nitrate, chloride, sulfate) to synthesize CNPs following the same wet chemical methodology. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies provided evidence for the formation of radicals from counterions (e.g., NO<sub>3</sub>•<sup>2-</sup> from reduction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in CNPs synthesized from Ce(III) nitrate). Physicochemical properties of these CNPs, e.g., dispersion stability, hydrodynamic size, signature surface chemistry, SOD-mimetic activity, and oxidation potentials were found to be significantly affected by the anions of the precursor salts. CNPs synthesized from Ce(III) nitrate and Ce(III) chloride exhibited higher extent of SOD-mimetic activities. Therefore, these CNPs were studied extensively employing in-situ UV-Visible spectroelectrochemistry and changing the counterion concentrations affected the oxidation potentials of these CNPs. Thus, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of CNPs can be modulated by anions of the precursor. Furthermore, our ESR studies present evidence of the formation of guanine cation radical (G•<sup>+</sup>) in 5'-dGMP via UV-photoionization at 77 K in the presence of CNPs synthesized from Ce(III) nitrate and chloride and CNPs act as the scavenger of radiation-produced electrons.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Bone Marrow (2005)

The bone marrow (BM) serves as a reservoir for different classes of stem cells. In addition to haematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells have a multilineage differentiation capacity and are able to generate progenitors with restricted developmental potential, which include fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Characteristic markers have been reported for expanded MSCs, but none of these markers are specific for MSCs. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies against MSCs. MSCs derived from human bone marrow were cultured, expanded, and immunized into mice, and spleen cells subsequently harvested were used to generate hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies against MSCs. Hybridoma culture supernatants were screened for antibodies against MSCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 33 positive clones were then screened against cell suspensions of MSCs by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Ten clones were positive in immunofluorescence staining. Among these, three hybridoma cell lines, namely, YS08, YS14, and YS18 were found to be reactive with MSC by flow cytometry, but non-reactive with human tumor cell lines and hematopoietic stem cells. YS08 and YS14 showed specific bands in Western blotting. In conclusion, we developed three monoclonal antibodies, YS08, YS14, and YS18, that recognize human MSC cell surface antigen.
Oral prebiotics and the influence of environmental conditions in vitro (2018)

Introducing the prebiotic concept in oral health might reveal a valid approach for treatment and prevention of oral diseases and promote oral health.
Antibodies from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Bind to a Short Amino Acid Sequence that Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies in Animals (1989)

A total of 18 overlapping peptides were synthesized that covered envelope amino acid sequences (amino acids 288-472 of the III-B isolate) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antibodies from human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals bound to three of the peptides tested. Guinea pigs were immunized with each of the overlapping peptides and the resultant sera analyzed for biologic activity. One of the peptides elicited antibodies that had both neutralizing and fusion blocking activities that were type specific. This peptide, designated 1-69, was also one of the peptides reactive with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive human sera.
Multiport micro-optic devices for hollow core fibre applications (2019)

Using micro-optic collimator technology, we present fully integrated 3-port hollow-core-fibre (HCF) components (e.g.1×2 beam-splitter and WDM coupler), thereby increasing the diversity of inline HCF components and facilitating the use of HCF in a broader range of fibre optic applications.
Speckle reduction using a motionless diffractive optical element (2010)

Speckle reduction by moving diffuser has been previously studied in display systems with coherent light sources, such as lasers. In this Letter, we propose a motionless diffractive optical element (DOE) for speckle reduction. The DOE was designed based on finite-element method simulations, fabricated using micromachining technology, and characterized for despeckle efficiency. Experiments using a DOE with two gratings have indicated that the speckle was suppressed to 50%, which shows fair agreement with theoretical analysis. With some modification of this DOE, the speckle noise can be reduced to 10% according to the theory.
Intranasal Administration of Forskolin and Noopept Reverses Parkinsonian Pathology in PINK1 Knockout Rats (2022)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a brain-degenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Current standard-of-care includes oral administration of Levodopa to address motor symptoms, but this treatment is not disease-modifying. A reduction in Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling and neurotrophic support contributes to PD pathology. We previously showed that enhancing PKA activity in the brain via intraperitoneal administration of Forskolin in Parkinsonian rats (PINK1 knockout) abrogate motor symptoms and loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Given that intraperitoneal administration is invasive, we hypothesized that intranasal administration of Forskolin and a second nootropic agent (Noopept) could reverse PD pathology efficiently. Results show that intranasal administration of a formulation (CNS/CT-001) containing Forskolin (10 µM) and Noopept (20 nM) significantly reversed motor symptoms, loss of hind limb strength, and neurodegeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons in PINK1-KO rats and is indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) rats; therapeutic effects associated with increased PKA activity and levels of BDNF and NGF in the brain. Intranasal administration of CNS/CT-001, but not Forskolin, significantly decreased the number of α-synuclein aggregates in the cortex of PINK1-KO rats, and is indistinguishable from WT rats. Overall, we show proof of concept that intranasal administration of CNS/CT-001 is a non-invasive, disease-modifying formulation for PD.