gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose response of A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted reassortant vaccine virus in adult volunteers: role of local antibody in resistance to infection with vaccine virus (1983)

An attenuated influenza A candidate vaccine virus, derived from the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus and the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type virus, was evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, less than or equal to 1:8) for level of attenuation, infectivity, antigenicity, and genetic stability. Four groups with similar preinoculation mean titers of serum and nasal wash antibodies were inoculated intranasally with 10(4.5), 10(5.5), 10(6.5), or 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of the ca reassortant virus, and eight other seronegative adult volunteers received the wild-type virus. Only 2 of 66 vaccinees developed fever or mild and brief systemic or upper respiratory tract illness or both. Both volunteers with vaccine-related reactions received the highest dose (10(7.5) TCID50) of ca virus, which indicates that the vaccine retains some mild reactogenicity at a high dosage. In contrast, four of eight volunteers infected with the wild-type virus became ill. Each of the 54 isolates tested retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the vaccine virus. Thus, the ca reassortant was genetically stable and attenuated at 10(4.5) to 10(7.5) TCID50 for seronegative adults. The 50% human infective dose of ca virus was approximately 10(5.3) TCID50. Ten and one hundred 50% human infectious doses infected 73 and 83% of vaccinees, respectively, and approximately 75% developed an immunological response at these doses. The failure of the vaccine virus to infect some volunteers was correlated with the presence of pre-inoculation nasal wash immunoglobulin A hemagglutinin antibody.
Water‐Soluble Sacrificial Layers for Surface Micromachining (2005)

This manuscript describes the use of water-soluble polymers for use as sacrificial layers in surface micromachining. Water-soluble polymers have two attractive characteristics for this application: 1) They can be deposited conveniently by spin-coating, and the solvent removed at a low temperature (95-150 degrees C), and 2) the resulting layer can be dissolved in water; no corrosive reagents or organic solvents are required. This technique is therefore compatible with a number of fragile materials, such as organic polymers, metal oxides and metals-materials that might be damaged during typical surface micromachining processes. The carboxylic acid groups of one polymer-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-can be transformed by reversible ion-exchange from water-soluble (Na+ counterion) to water-insoluble (Ca2+ counterion) forms. The use of PAA and dextran polymers as sacrificial materials is a useful technique for the fabrication of microstructures: Examples include metallic structures formed by the electrodeposition of nickel, and freestanding, polymeric structures formed by photolithography.
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vertical Isolation System (2019)

A novel nonlinear isolation system designed for buildings is proposed to isolate vibrations in the vertical direction. The system is characterized by quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) obtained by combining linear springs in parallel with disk springs having nonlinear stiffness, including a region with negative stiffness. Static analysis was first applied to establish the force-displacement relation of the bearings and then determine the dynamic equations of motion. Two approximate analytical methods, the average method (AM) and harmonic balance method (HBM), were applied to solve this nonlinear vibration problem, and their suitability was examined. Based on the theoretical response, the transmissibility function was defined to gain insight into the system’s dynamic characteristics and evaluate the isolation properties. The resulting curves show that the QZS system can be effective for vertical isolation, with results dependent on external input magnitude and the damping level. Larger-amplitude excitation and higher damping level tend to increase the isolation starting frequency above which the transmissibility reduces the vibration of the superstructure. Finally, the nonlinear transmissibility curves were compared with equivalent linear curves, and a numerical comparison between a traditional building and a QZS vertically isolated building under seismic excitations was conducted. The comparison revealed significant advantages to adopting the QZS system in vertical isolation.
Synthesis of Epibatidine Analogues Having a 2‐Substituted 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Skeleton (2013)

Abstract The synthesis of 1‐cyano‐2‐aza‐[2.2.2]bicyclooctanes has been studied using the dynamic cyanide addition to cyclohexanone derivatives. These compounds were further elaborated into a new class of epibatidine derivatives from which a number of examples were fully deprotected to give the potentially active compounds. The highly hydrophilic character of the compounds resulted in a difficult isolation and purification of the epibatidine analogues.
Example 2‐D Micro‐Machined Whole‐Angle Gyroscopes (2020)

This chapter reviews two examples of 2-D micro-machined whole-angle gyroscope architectures in order to illustrate factors that influence design decisions, fabrication considerations, and characterization methodology. The examples are Toroidal Ring Gyroscope (TRG) and Dual Foucault Pendulum (DFP) gyroscope. TRG belongs to the family of concentric ring gyroscopes. The gyroscopes that belong to this family utilize multiple concentric rings that are connected by spokes for their vibratory element. One of the earliest examples of concentric ring gyroscopes is Disk Resonator Gyroscope, which utilizes a central anchor structure and multiple concentric rings around the central anchor structure for its vibratory element. DFP belongs to the family of lumped mass gyroscope architectures and consists of two dynamically equivalent, mechanically coupled proof masses, oscillating in the anti-phase motion. This dual axis tuning fork behavior creates a dynamically balanced resonator with x–y symmetry in frequency and damping, suitable for the whole-angle mechanization.
Sodium MRI radiofrequency coils for body imaging (2015)

The proliferation of high-field whole-body systems, advances in gradient performance and refinement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-efficient short-TE sequences suitable for sodium imaging have led to a resurgence of interest in sodium imaging for body applications. With this renewed interest has come increased demand for SNR-efficient sodium coils. Efficient coils can significantly increase SNR in sodium imaging, allowing higher resolutions and/or shorter scan times. In this work, we focus on body imaging applications of sodium MRI, and review developments in MRI radiofrequency (RF) coil topologies for sodium imaging. We first provide a brief discussion of RF coil design considerations in sodium imaging. This is followed by an overview of common coil topologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of each.
Engineering N-linked protein glycosylation with diverse O antigen lipopolysaccharide structures in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Campylobacter jejuni has a general N-linked protein glycosylation system that can be functionally transferred to Escherichia coli. In this study, we engineered E. coli cells in a way that two different pathways, protein N-glycosylation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, converge at the step in which PglB, the key enzyme of the C. jejuni N-glycosylation system, transfers O polysaccharide from a lipid carrier (undecaprenyl pyrophosphate) to an acceptor protein. PglB was the only protein of the bacterial N-glycosylation machinery both necessary and sufficient for the transfer. The relaxed specificity of the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase toward the glycan structure was exploited to create novel N-glycan structures containing two distinct E. coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens. PglB-mediated transfer of polysaccharides might be valuable for in vivo production of O polysaccharides-protein conjugates for use as antibacterial vaccines.
ML-augmented Methodology for Fast Thermal Side-channel Emission Analysis (2021)

Accurate side-channel attacks can non-invasively or semi-invasively extract secure information from hardware devices using "side- channel" measurements. The thermal profile of an IC is one class of side channel that can be used to exploit the security weaknesses in a design. Measurement of junction temperature from an on-chip thermal sensor or top metal layer temperature using an infrared thermal image of an IC with the package being removed can disclose secret keys of a cryptographic design through correlation power analysis. In order to identify the design vulnerabilities to thermal side channel attacks, design time simulation tools are highly important. However, simulation of thermal side-channel emission is highly complex and computationally intensive due to the scale of simulation vectors required and the multi-physics simulation models involved. Hence, in this paper, we have proposed a fast and comprehensive Machine Learning (ML) augmented thermal simulation methodology for thermal Side-Channel emission Analysis (SCeA). We have developed an innovative tile-based Delta-T Predictor using a data-driven DNN-based thermal solver. The developed tile based Delta-T Predictor temperature is used to perform the thermal side-channel analysis which models the scenario of thermal attacks with the measurement of junction temperature. This method can be 100-1000x faster depending on the size of the chip compared to traditional FEM-based thermal solvers with the same level of accuracy. Furthermore, this simulation allows for the determination of location- dependent wire temperature on the top metal layer to validate the scenario of thermal attack with top metal layer temperature. We have demonstrated the leakage of the encryption key in an 128-bit AES chip using both proposed tile-based temperature calculations and top metal wire temperature calculations, quantified by simulation MTD (Measurements-to-Disclosure).
[Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum antigen target of defense mechanisms developed by patients immunized against malaria]. (1993)

We report the identification of a 48 kDa antigen targetted by antibodies which inhibit P. falciparum in vitro growth by cooperation with blood monocytes in an ADCl assay correlated to the naturally acquired protection. This protein is located on the surface of the merozoite stage, and is detectable in all isolates tested.
High Energy Product of Nd-Fe-B Magnet Sintered with Rare Earth Intemetallic Compounds (1993)

New sintering aids for the production of the high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets were found. Powder of Rare-Earth Cobalt Boron intermetallic compound was mixed with that of Nd2Fe14B1. With the suitable proportion of blending, energy product for the magnet was achieved 45 MGOe and over, which is the highest point in mass production base. It was because the powder of Rare-Earth Cobalt Boron alloy composed of Co-based intermetallic compounds such as R1Co2, R1Co3, R1Co4B1 is so stable that Rare-Earth elements of the alloy were prevented from oxidation, which is inevitable in the case of ordinary production process.
Study on the endothelin gene and its expression. (1990)

Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Three distinct human endothelin genes were cloned and analysed. The results demonstrated that there were three distinct mRNAs for ET and that TPA-responsive element, mRNA stabilizing sequence, motifs for binding site of nuclear factor 1 and acute phase reactant regulatory elements were recognized in preproform ET-1 gene.
Thermoelectric properties of composition-controlled Fe<sub>2</sub>TiSi-based full-Heusler thin films (2022)

Abstract Fe 2 TiSi full-Heusler thin films were synthesized with a homogeneous single-phase structure and the composition was controlled in a wide range by deposition techniques. By detailed tuning of the film composition, the Seebeck coefficient reached −184 μ V K −1 , which is almost the maximum for the full-Heusler alloys, with a power factor of 3.9 mW K −2 m −1 . The thermal conductivity was 3.5 W K −1 m −1 and first-principles calculations clarified that this small value may be due to alloy scatterings. Consequently, ZT reached 0.36 at room temperature without any heavy element doping, indicating that Fe 2 TiSi is one of the promising thermoelectric materials.
A compact reconfigurable multi-band MIMO antenna system (2014)

In this paper, PIN diode based reconfigurable mul- tiple input multiple output (MIMO) modified printed inverted F-shape antenna (PIFA) is presented. The proposed design is very versatile as it can be used to cover many frequency bands. The well known frequency bands covered are LTE 900 MHz, GSM 1800, WLAN 2450 MHz with several other bands as well. The proposed design provides at least 10 dB isolation between its antenna elements. The dimensions of the proposed design were 11×28 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a ground plane area of 60×120 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
DNA Methylation as Clinically Useful Biomarkers—Light at the End of the Tunnel (2012)

A recent expansion of our knowledge about epigenetic changes strongly suggests that epigenetic rather than genetic features better reflect disease development, and consequently, can become more conclusive biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of different diseases. In this paper we will concentrate on the current advances in DNA methylation studies that demonstrate a direct link between abnormal DNA methylation and a disease. This link can be used to develop diagnostic biomarkers that will precisely identify a particular disease. It also appears that disease-specific DNA methylation patterns undergo unique changes in response to treatment with a particular drug, thus raising the possibility of DNA methylation-based biomarkers for the monitoring of treatment efficacy, for prediction of response to treatment, and for the prognosis of outcome. While biomarkers for oncology are the most obvious applications, other fields of medicine are likely to benefit as well. This potential is demonstrated by DNA methylation-based biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric diseases. A special requirement for a biomarker is the possibility of longitudinal testing. In this regard cell-free circulating DNA from blood is especially interesting because it carries methylation markers specific for a particular disease. Although only a few DNA methylation-based biomarkers have attained clinical relevance, the ongoing efforts to decipher disease-specific methylation patterns are likely to produce additional biomarkers for detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of different diseases in the near future.
Synthetic pentapeptide from the B1 chain of laminin promotes B16F10 melanoma cell migration (1988)

Laminin is a basement membrane-specific glycoprotein that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and tumor cell migration. Synthetic peptides from the amino acid sequence deduced from a cDNA clone of the B1 chain of laminin were tested for their ability to promote the migration of B16F10 melanoma cells. A peptide, CDPGYIGSR, that is able to mediate epithelial cell attachment to laminin was found to promote migration, and the constituent pentapeptide YIGSR was also active but to a lesser degree. This nine-amino acid peptide blocked migration of melanoma cells to laminin but had no effect on migration to fibronectin. These data suggest that the cell-binding site and migration site on laminin share a common sequence that is unique to laminin.
Perceptually Guided Speech Enhancement Using Deep Neural Networks (2018)

Human listeners often have difficulties understanding speech in the presence of background noise in the real world. Recently, supervised learning based speech enhancement approaches have achieved substantial success, and show significant improvements over the conventional approaches. However, existing supervised learning based approaches often try to minimize the mean squared error between the enhanced output and the pre-defined training target (e.g., the log power spectrum of clean speech), even though the purpose of such speech enhancement is to improve speech understanding in noise. In this paper, we propose a new deep neural networks based enhancement approach by incorporating a speech perception model into the loss function. Specifically, we use the short-time objective intelligibility metric in the loss in addition to the mean squared error. Optimizing the proposed perceptually guided loss is expected to improve speech intelligibility further. Systematic evaluations show that our proposed approach is able to improve speech intelligibility in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and noise types while maintaining speech quality.
Nonvolatile Mutagens in Drinking Water: Production by Chlorination and Destruction by Sulfite (1980)

In concentrates of water produced in a laboratory simulation of a drinking water treatment process, direct-acting, nonvolatile mutagens were readily detected by means of the Ames Salmonella test. The mutagens were shown to be produced by the chlorination process. Treatment of the water with chloramine resulted in less mutagenic activity than treatment with free chlorine. Dechlorination of drinking water with sulfite sharply reduced the mutagenic activity. Treatment with sulfur dioxide is proposed as an effective, inexpensive method of reducing the direct-acting mutagenic activity of drinking water and of aqueous industrial effluents.
Hybrid signed digit logarithmic number system processor (1993)

A combination of the signed digit (SD) and the logarithmic number system (LNS) for the creation of a hybrid SD/LNS processor is investigated. Appropriate radices were chosen for the SD system by taking into account both the speed of operations and the memory storage requirements. A new technique for high-speed conversion of SD to sign-magnitude numbers was developed to enhance the overall design. The hybrid SD/LNS processor exploits the parallelism that is offered by the SD number system to boost the performance of the fast LNS processors, and compares favourably to conventional LNS processor designs.
Relativistic particle white light super continuum generation (2009)

The model describes solitons as relativistic particles, the visible light of the continuum as the result of Cerenkov radiation and the infrared light of the continuum as the result of material recoil. The model is applied on super continua generated by a 1064 nm mode locked 2-10 ps pump source launched into microstructure fibres with zero dispersion wavelength in the near infrared. The model predicts that the leading soliton of a pulse train dominates the self frequency shifting of a train of solitons with Tera Hertz repetition rate. The mechanism is responsible for very efficient super continuum generation in certain combinations of ps pulse sources and microstructure fibre designs.
Dye‐sensitized photoinitiated cationic polymerization (1978)

Abstract Several dyes have been discovered which sensitize the photolysis of diaryliodonium salts at visible wavelengths. By using the combination of a dye and a diaryliodonium salt, visible light can be used to photoinitiate cationic polymerization. In this article, the dye‐sensitized photopolymerizations of cyclohexene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether are described.
The Role of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis in the Regulation of the INO1 Gene of Yeast (1996)

In yeast, as in other eukaryotes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) can be synthesized via methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine or from free choline via the CDP-choline pathway. In yeast, PC biosynthesis is required for the repression of the phospholipid biosynthetic genes, including the INO1 gene, in response to inositol. In this study, we analyzed the effect of mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in PC biosynthesis on the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic genes. We report that repression of INO1 transcription in response to inositol is clearly dependent on ongoing PC biosynthesis, but it is independent of the route of synthesis. Our results also suggest that intermediates in the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation and CDP-choline pathways are not responsible for generating the regulatory signal that results in repression of INO1 and other coregulated genes of phospholipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, repression of INO1 is not tightly correlated to the proportion of PC in the total cellular phospholipids. Rather, we report that when the rate of synthesis of PC becomes growth limiting, the addition of inositol fails to repress the phospholipid biosynthetic genes, but when the rate of PC synthesis is sufficient to sustain normal growth, the addition of inositol to the growth medium has the effect of repressing INO1 and other phospholipid biosynthetic genes.
Integrity and authenticity of ADS-B broadcasts (2015)

We propose a novel approach to provide authenticity and integrity of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) messages. We employ a key-management schema for authentication and rely on a keyed-hashed message authentication code (HMAC) for integrity. Our approach avoids scalability and compatibility issues, as we neither change the packet format nor its size.
Three-Dimensional Shell Fabrication Using Blow Molding of Bulk Metallic Glass (2010)

A blow molding method based on thermoplastic forming of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is used to fabricate 3-D microshells. The 3-D microshells are attached to the Si wafer through mechanical locking, which is achieved in the same processing step. Versatile sizes and shapes of the 3-D shells can be precisely controlled. High strength ( >; 1 GPa), elasticity (~ 2%), and controlled surface roughness (<; 2 nm), which are achievable for BMGs, suggest their potential use in devices, including resonators, microlenses, microfluidic, and packaging.
Antibody‐virus co‐evolution in <scp>HIV</scp> infection: paths for <scp>HIV</scp> vaccine development (2017)

Induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to date has only been observed in the setting of HIV-1 infection, and then only years after HIV transmission. Thus, the concept has emerged that one path to induction of bnAbs is to define the viral and immunologic events that occur during HIV-1 infection, and then to mimic those events with a vaccine formulation. This concept has led to efforts to map both virus and antibody events that occur from the time of HIV-1 transmission to development of bnAbs. This work has revealed that a virus-antibody "arms race" occurs in which a HIV-1 transmitted/founder (TF) Env induces autologous neutralizing antibodies that can not only neutralize the TF virus but also can select virus escape mutants that in turn select affinity-matured neutralizing antibodies. From these studies has come a picture of bnAb development that has led to new insights in host-pathogen interactions and, as well, led to insight into immunologic mechanisms of control of bnAb development. Here, we review the progress to date in elucidating bnAb B cell lineages in HIV-1 infection, discuss new research leading to understanding the immunologic mechanisms of bnAb induction, and address issues relevant to the use of this information for the design of new HIV-1 sequential envelope vaccine candidates.