gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Hairy Janus Particles Decorated with Metallic Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications (2015)

We report for the first time on the design of an advanced hairy hybrid Janus-type catalyst, which is comprised of an inorganic silica core covered with two distinct polymeric shells (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) on its opposite sides, while the catalytic species (in our case silver or gold nanoparticles) are immobilized directly into the hydrophilic stimuli-responsive polymer shell. The primary 200 nm large Janus particles with poly(acrylic acid) serving as the hydrophilic and polystyrene as the hydrophobic polymer were synthesized through a Pickering emulsion and a combination of "grafting from"/"grafting to" approaches. The incorporation of silver and gold nanoparticles within the hydrophilic polymer shell was achieved by infiltrating the respective metal ions into the polymer matrix, and nanoparticles were formed upon the addition of a reducing agent (triethylamine). Plasmon absorptions typical for silver and gold nanostructures were observed on the functionalized Janus particles using UV-vis spectroscopy. The respective systems were investigated by TEM and cryo-TEM revealing that the incorporated nanoparticles are selectively localized on the poly(acrylic acid) side of the Janus particles. The efficiency of the catalyst as well as the accessibility of the incorporated nanoparticles was tested on the reduction of Methylene Blue, Eosin Y, and 4-nitrophenol as convenient benchmark systems. Ultimately, the hairy Janus particles with immobilized Ag or Au nanoparticles efficiently catalyzed the respective reactions by applying extremely low amounts of catalyst. Finally, we demonstrated several advantages of the use of JPs with immobilized metallic nanoparticles, which are (i) JPs stabilize the emulsions, (ii) the emulsion can be destabilized by utilizing responsive properties of the JPs, and (iii) JPs can easily be recovered after reaction and reused again.
Improving the observability and controllability of datapaths for emulation-based debugging (1999)

Growing design complexity has made functional debugging of application-specific integrated circuits crucial to their development. Two widely used debugging techniques are simulation and emulation. Design simulation provides good controllability and observability of the variables in a design, but is two to ten orders of magnitude slower than the fabricated design. Design emulation and fabrication provide high execution speed, but significantly restrict design observability and controllability. To facilitate debugging, and in particular error diagnosis, we introduce a novel cut-based functional debugging paradigm that leverages the advantages of both emulation and simulation. The approach enables the user to run long test sequences in emulation, and upon error detection, roll-back to an arbitrary instance in execution time, and transparently switch over to simulation-based debugging for full design visibility and controllability. The new debugging approach introduces several optimization problems. We formulate the optimization tasks, establish their complexity, and develop most-constrained least-constraining heuristics to solve them. The effectiveness of the new approach and accompanying algorithms is demonstrated on a set of benchmark designs where combined emulation and simulation is enabled with low hardware overhead.
High-temperature chemistry of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond growth (1994)

Abstract
Improved LC/MS Methods for the Analysis of Metal-Sensitive Analytes Using Medronic Acid as a Mobile Phase Additive (2018)

Phosphorylated compounds and organic acids with multiple carboxylate groups are commonly observed to have poor peak shapes and signal in LC/MS experiments. The poor peak shape is caused by the presence of trace metals, particularly iron, contributed from a variety of sources within the chromatographic system. To ameliorate this problem, different solvent additives were investigated to reduce the amount of metal in the flow path to achieve better analytical performance for these metal-sensitive compounds. Here, we introduce the use of a solvent additive that can significantly improve the peak shapes and signal of metal-sensitive metabolites for LC/MS analysis. Moreover, the additive is shown to be amenable for other metal-sensitive applications, such as the analysis of phosphopeptides and polar phosphorylated pesticides, where the instruments could be used in either positive or negative analysis mode.
Basal Insulin Requirement Is ∼30% of the Total Daily Insulin Dose in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Who Use the Insulin Pump (2011)

Basal insulin requirement is ~30% of the total daily dose in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients who use the insulin pump.
An all-digital fast tracking switching converter with a programmable order loop controller for envelope tracking RF power amplifiers (2016)

This paper presents a step down, switched mode power converter for use in multi-standard envelope tracking radio frequency power amplifiers (RFPA). The converter is based on a programmable order sigma delta modulator that can be configured to operate with either 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> or 4<sup>th</sup> order loop filters, eliminating the need for a bulky passive output filter. Output ripple, sideband noise and spectral emission requirements of different wireless standards can be met by configuring the modulator's filter order and converter's sampling frequency. The proposed converter is entirely digital and is implemented in 14nm bulk CMOS process for post layout verification. For an input voltage of 3.3V, the converter's output can be regulated to any voltage level from 0.5V to 2.5V, at a nominal switching frequency of 150MHz. It achieves a maximum efficiency of 94% at 1.5 W output power.
Expression of LRIG1 in pituitary tumor and its clinical significance. (2016)

LRIG1 was involved in the occurrence and development of pituitary tumor, the expression of LRIG1 can be used as an indicator for prognosis evaluation, and low expression indicated a poor prognosis.
Evidence that specific oligosaccharides block early events necessary for the expression of antigen-specific proliferation by human lymphocytes. (1980)

We have previously shown that monosaccharides and disaccharides will block the expression of spontneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that human mononuclear cells express lectin-like receptors that are capable of binding to a variety sugar moieties found on target cell membranes. In this communication, we will present evidence that monosaccharides and disaccharides are also capable of blocking the expression of T cell reactivity as measured by an in vitro antigen-specific proliferative assay. The majority of sugars that blocked monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity had no effect on antigen-specific proliferation. Those sugars that did suppress antigen-induced proliferation had no effect on PHA-induced proliferation. Furthermore, some of these sugars only inhibited if they were added at the initiation of the assay; they failed to inhibit if added 24 hr after the initiation of the assay. Antigen-pulsing experiments suggested that these sugars did not block antigen uptake by human monocytes. These data suggest that a variety of cellular interactions may be mediated by receptors with specificity for simple sugars. The ability to block these naturally occurring lectins specifically both in vitro and in vivo may prove to be a powerful tool for dissecting out various forms of cellular recognition and collaboration.
Bioluminescence tomography with CT/MRI co-registration (2009)

We present a three-dimensional (3D) bioluminescence image reconstruction method with MRI and CT co-registration for small animal molecular imaging. The multi-spectral light intensity distribution of an optical luciferase-luciferin reporter system is measured at the tissue surface of a small animal for the purpose of 3D image reconstruction. The reporter probe distribution inside tissue is calculated with a linear matrix inversion method and a light propagation model based on the simplified spherical harmonics equations. The animal's surface geometry and anatomy is determined from co-registered CT and MR images in order to locate the reconstructed source distribution relative to the animal's anatomy. We present in vivo bioluminescence reconstruction results that demonstrate the performance of our co-registration method.
Protonation-induced red-coloured circularly polarized luminescence of [5]carbohelicene fused by benzimidazole (2016)

Benzimidazole-fused [5]carbohelicene ([5]HeliBI) was newly synthesized to examine the spectroscopic and chiroptical properties. The reversible protonation and deprotonation processes of [5]HeliBI were successfully investigated using (1)H NMR, absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements. We also confirmed the circularly polarized luminescence of protonated [5]HeliBI (H(+)-[5]HeliBI). This is the first observation of red-coloured CPL of a helicene derivative.
Exploiting the therapeutic potential of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in enriched populations of gynecologic malignancies (2014)

Given the prevalence of phosphatase & tensin homolog mutations in histologic specimens harvested from patients with endometrial cancer, significant interest in systemic treatment with PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors has emerged. Several Phase II trials have been completed studying mTOR inhibitors in advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer. The mTOR pathway also appears to be important in some cervical cancers. Finally, because clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and renal cell carcinoma have a shared histology, the potential for activity of mTOR inhibitors in clear cell cancer of the ovary is implicit. This article reviews the results of Phase II clinical trials of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors in patients with endometrial cancer, and discusses the potential therapeutic landscape of mTOR inhibition in enriched populations in gynecologic cancers.
The Chemical State of Sulfur in Carbon‐Supported Fuel‐Cell Electrodes (1996)

Vulcan carbon is the favored support for fuel‐cell electrocatalysts, but as‐received it contains high levels of sulfur (ca. 5000 ppm or greater) which could potentially poison the fuel‐cell electrochemistry. The chemical state of the sulfur in platinum/carbon electrocatalysts has been examined by measuring its oxidation state via x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy at different points during the preparation of a "mock" fuel‐cell electrode. Also monitored were the presence of sulfate in the aqueous wash from the electrocatalysts and the cyclic voltammetry of the electrocatalysts after each preparation step. Our studies indicate that the platinum catalytically oxidizes some of the covalent sulfur in the vulcan carbon to sulfate when water, heat, and strong physical contact between Pt and C are all present. These conditions are attained during the preparation of typical fuel‐cell electrodes. Most of the zero‐valent sulfur remains in the carbon after treatment, however, and appears not to be initially in contact with the Pt. This remaining unoxidized sulfur may be a source of poisoning to the Pt electrocatalyst with long‐term electrochemical use, particularly at the fuel‐cell cathode.
Virucidal Activity of H2O2-generating Bacteria: Requirement for Peroxidase and a Halide (1974)

An antagonistic relationship between H2O2-generating bacteria (Streptococcus mitis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and viruses (poliovirus) is described. The antagonism is dependent on a peroxidase (lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase) and a halide (iodide, chloride) for maximal activity. This system may be operative in certain biological fluids.
Iconic paper (2002)

Iconic paper can be used to retrieve documents from an electronic database. It provides on a physical sheet of paper a representation that can be used by humans for recognition, and by machines for indexing. A document in the database can be accessed by a gesture indicating a particular icon on the page. A novel presentation of the document supports both indexing and recognition, thereby allowing the "desktop metaphor" to migrate back to the real desktop.
The Mixing method: low-rank coordinate descent for semidefinite programming with diagonal constraints (2017)

In this paper, we propose a low-rank coordinate descent approach to structured semidefinite programming with diagonal constraints. The approach, which we call the Mixing method, is extremely simple to implement, has no free parameters, and typically attains an order of magnitude or better improvement in optimization performance over the current state of the art. We show that the method is strictly decreasing, converges to a critical point, and further that for sufficient rank all non-optimal critical points are unstable. Moreover, we prove that with a step size, the Mixing method converges to the global optimum of the semidefinite program almost surely in a locally linear rate under random initialization. This is the first low-rank semidefinite programming method that has been shown to achieve a global optimum on the spherical manifold without assumption. We apply our algorithm to two related domains: solving the maximum cut semidefinite relaxation, and solving a maximum satisfiability relaxation (we also briefly consider additional applications such as learning word embeddings). In all settings, we demonstrate substantial improvement over the existing state of the art along various dimensions, and in total, this work expands the scope and scale of problems that can be solved using semidefinite programming methods.
Carbon nanotube mode lockers with enhanced nonlinearity via evanescent field interaction in D-shaped fibers (2006)

We demonstrate a novel passive mode-locking scheme for pulsed lasers enhanced by the interaction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the evanescent field of propagating light in a D-shaped optical fiber. The scheme features all-fiber operation as well as a long lateral interaction length, which guarantees a strong nonlinear effect from the nanotubes. Mode locking is achieved with less than 30% of the CNTs compared with the amount of nanotubes used for conventional schemes. Our method also ensures the preservation of the original morphology of the individual CNTs. The demonstrated pulsed laser with our CNT mode locker has a repetition rate of 5.88 MHz and a temporal pulse width of 470 fs.
Raman spectra of hydrogen-treated optical fibres (1984)

Chemical reactions in a Ge-P-silicate optical fibre exposed to hydrogen at 100 bar and 150°C for times up to 120 h are studied by Raman spectroscopy. Hydride and hydroxyl groups are formed, as Si-H and P-OH. The reaction kinetics are consistent with a defect-related mechanism. The saturation concentration of hydroxyl is about 103 ppm.
Predictors of Mortality in Chronic Chagas Disease (2007)

A systematic review of published studies indicates that impaired left ventricular function, New York Heart Association class III/IV, cardiomegaly, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia indicate a poor prognosis in patients with chronic Chagas disease.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization with intermediate‐dose cyclophosphamide, sequential granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor and granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor, and scheduled commencement of leukapheresis in 225 patients undergoing autologous transplantation (2007)

Cy/GM/G with scheduled LP commencement on Day 11 enables optimal CD34+ cell yields in most patients undergoing autologous transplantation, despite a low risk of FN and avoidance of weekend LP.
Dual-energy computed tomography for detection of coronary artery disease (2015)

Recent technological advances in computed tomography (CT) technology have fulfilled the prerequisites for the cardiac application of dual-energy CT (DECT) imaging. By exploiting the unique characteristics of materials when exposed to two different x-ray energies, DECT holds great promise for the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. It allows for the assessment of myocardial perfusion to discern the hemodynamic significance of coronary disease and possesses high accuracy for the detection and characterization of coronary plaques, while facilitating reductions in radiation dose. As such, DECT enabled cardiac CT to advance beyond the mere detection of coronary stenosis expanding its role in the evaluation and management of coronary atherosclerosis.
STRUGGLING WRITERS’ USE OF IPAD ART AND TEXT APPS FOR STORY WRITING (2015)

Many children struggle with writing. Idea generation, planning, organizing ideas, editing, and encoding a final text all have a part in a child’s producing a publishable copy. Part of the challenge for these students is how working memory can be overloaded when initially planning and writing at the same time. To address this issue, the author offered eight struggling writers the opportunity to employ a mnemonic strategy entitled STORY, which included verbalizing story ideas while noting them in an illustration with an iPad art app and then later keyboarding the text. The students received intervention programming over 24 sessions, 45 minutes each. All students demonstrated improvement with story content and quality. Two of the lowest-performing students participated in an additional 24 sessions to promote improvement.
Design and implementation of MPLS network simulator supporting LDP and CR-LDP (2002)

The explosive growth of the Internet and the advent of sophisticated services require an epoch-making change. As an alternative that can take in it, MPLS was proposed. Many efforts and activities on MPLS have already been initiated, which prompt the necessity of an MPLS simulator that can evaluate and analyze newly proposed MPLS techniques. This paper describes the design, implementation, and capability of a MPLS simulator, which supports label swapping operation, LDP, CR-LDP, and various sorts of label distribution functions. It enables researchers to simulate how an LSP is established and terminated, and how the labeled packets act on the LSP. In order to show the MPLS simulator's capability, the basic MPLS function defined in the MPLS standards is simulated; label distribution schemes, flow aggregation, ER-LSP, and LSP Tunnel. The results are evaluated and analyzed, and their behaviors are shown in a graphical manner.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Vinylic and Allylic CF Bond Activation—Scope, Limitations and Mechanistic Insight (2012)

The hydrodefluorination (HDF) of fluoroalkenes in the presence of a variety of titanium catalysts was studied with respect to scope, selectivity, and mechanism. Optimization revealed that the catalyst requires low steric bulk and high electron density; secondary silanes serve as the preferred hydride source. A broad range of substrates yield partially fluorinated alkenes, such as previously unknown (Z)-1,2-(difluorovinyl)ferrocene. Mechanistic studies indicate a titanium(III) hydride as the active species, which forms a titanium(III) fluoride by H/F exchange with the substrate. The HDF step can follow both an insertion/elimination and a σ-bond metathesis mechanism; the E/Z selectivity is controlled by the substrate. The catalysts' ineffieciency towards fluoroallenes was rationalized by studying their reactivity towards Group 6 hydride complexes.
[Effect of hypoxia on the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (Tca8113)]. (2005)

Hypoxia can promote invasion and metastasis of oral squamous carcinoma through stimulating the expression of uPA.
Importin Beta Plays an Essential Role in the Regulation of the LysRS-Ap<sub>4</sub>A Pathway in Immunologically Activated Mast Cells (2011)

We recently reported that diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase (Ap(4)A hydrolase) plays a critical role in gene expression via regulation of intracellular Ap(4)A levels. This enzyme serves as a component of our newly described lysyl tRNA synthetase (LysRS)-Ap(4)A biochemical pathway that is triggered upon immunological challenge. Here we explored the mechanism of this enzyme's translocation into the nucleus and found its immunologically dependent association with importin beta. Silencing of importin beta prevented Ap(4)A hydrolase nuclear translocation and affected the local concentration of Ap(4)A, which led to an increase in microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) transcriptional activity. Furthermore, immunological activation of mast cells resulted in dephosphorylation of Ap(4)A hydrolase, which changed the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme.
No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. (1987)

Six healthy volunteers underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before and after receiving N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 600 mg daily for 2 weeks. Free and total NAC, cysteine and glutathione were determined in the lavage fluid, lavage cells and plasma. No NAC was demonstrated, free or bound in disulfides, in either of the lavage components; furthermore, the cysteine and glutathione content of these components and their respective redox states were unaltered during therapy. Plasma free and total cysteine content was unaltered by administration of the drug, but both free and total plasma glutathione increased significantly. Free NAC could not be detected in plasma following dosing. However, a mean of 0.3 nmol/100 microliters plasma was released from disulfides in plasma following reduction with dithiothreitol. N-acetylcysteine has been proposed to act as a mucolytic by cleavage of disulfide bonds. Our findings do not support this direct mode of action and alternative mechanisms of action must be sought.
Evaluation of Self-Collected Samples in Contrast to Practitioner-Collected Samples for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by Polymerase Chain Reaction Among Women Living in Remote Areas (2002)

Self-collected specimens offer women in remote communities an acceptable and sensitive alternative method of testing for STIs. The low sensitivity of N gonorrhoeae PCR of urine specimens may reflect poor transport and storage conditions, which we have shown can be improved by freezing urine specimens and reducing transport delays.
Experimental results for a pulsed vortex water wall high-pressure argon lamp (2003)

This paper presents experimental results for a pulsed vortex water wall high pressure arc lamp. The power source consists of a DC ignitor connected in series with a sustaining source. The ignitor is shorted after a sustaining current is achieved, followed by the connection of a regulated pulsed current source connected in parallel with the sustaining source. The application of this lamp in rapid thermal processing systems dictates that the interpulse period of the pulsed source be made as short as possible. Experiments have been performed with and without the sustaining source. Arc overvoltage after the current is reapplied becomes larger as the interpulse period is made longer. Overvoltages are higher if no sustaining source is used during the interpulse period. An acoustic resonance is observed with a duration equal to the axial convective transit time. A sustaining source may not be required based on the results of the experiments.
[The proposed principles by GHTF of the classification and assessment for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices]. (2009)

The IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)Medical Devices are various and develop rapidly. This paper introduces briefly the principles of classification and conformity assessment for IVD medical that proposed by GHTF (Global Harmonization Task Force).