gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video background subtraction using semi-supervised robust matrix completion (2014)

We propose a factorized robust matrix completion (FRMC) algorithm with global motion compensation to solve the video background subtraction problem. The algorithm decomposes a sequence of video frames into the sum of a low rank background component and a sparse motion component. The algorithm alternates between the solution of each component following a Pareto curve trajectory for each subproblem. For videos with moving background, we utilize the motion vectors extracted from the coded video bitstream to compensate for the change in the camera perspective. Performance evaluations show that our approach is faster than state-of-the-art solvers and results in highly accurate motion segmentation.
Reach for A*: shortest path algorithms with preprocessing (2009)

We study the point-to-point shortest path problem with preprocessing. Given an input graph, we preprocess it so as to be able to answer a series of source-to-destination queries efficiently. Our work is motivated by an algorithm of Gutman [ALENEX’04], based on the notion of reach, which measures how important each vertex is with respect to shortest paths. We present a simplified version of his algorithm that does not require explicit lower bounds during queries. We also show how the addition of shortcuts to the graph greatly improves the performance of both preprocessing and queries. Finally, we combine a reach-based algorithm with landmark-based A search to obtain a wide range of space-time trade-offs. For our motivating application, driving directions for road networks, the resulting algorithm is very efficient and practical. The road networks of the USA and Western Europe have roughly 20 million vertices, but on average our algorithm must visit fewer than a thousand to find the distance between two points. Our algorithm also works reasonably well on 2-dimensional grid graphs with random arc weights.
A MULTI-SOURCE APPROACH FOR ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (2013)

Although the electrical resistivity tomography method has seen relatively wide-spread use in small-scale sites; its application to mid-to large scale sites has been far more limited. This is in part due to limitations in the hardware/methodology commonly used for ERT surveys. Most of these surveys use multi-conductor cables to wire electrodes back to a central receiver/transmitter unit. These cable systems start to become both expensive and unwieldy for electrode separations of more than a few meters. These cable systems are also difficult to apply in the presence of obstacles, building, roads, rivers, etc. Getting sufficient signal-to-noise ratios in a safe and economical fashion becomes increasingly difficult as the survey scale increases. Our approach is a distributed resistivity system consisting of many transceivers that can communicate with each other through a low-power distributed wireless network. Figure 1 shows an overview of the major components in a wireless unit. Each transceivers has its own microprocessor, multi-channel receiver channels, a global positioning (GPS) module for timing and position information, and a 400 watt transmitter all powered by a high-discharge battery. To compensate for potentially slow communications, the local microprocessor does most of the data processing, and can perform a series of pre-scheduled tasks so that the central controller needs only to download schedules to each unit rather than detailed control information, and uploads processed data rather than raw data. This greatly reduces the need for rapid communications and high data throughput. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio the system allows multiple transceivers to transmit current simultaneously. Although this adds additional complexity to the design of field surveys, it also allows us to tailor the current flow patterns for improved sensitivity to deep structures. Comparison of Multi-Source data with more traditional ERT surveys at the Astor Pass Geothermal site in Nevada are used to show the capabilities and challenges in applying the Multi-Source approach.
Lamb wave generation with piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring (2003)

The capability of embedded piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) to perform in-situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is explored. Theoretical developments and laboratory tests are used to prove that PWAS transducers can satisfactorily perform Lamb wave transmission and reception, pulse-echo, pitch-catch, and phased array functions of conventional ultrasonics thus opening the road for embedded ultrasonics. Subsequently, crack detection in an aircraft panel with the pulse-echo method is illustrated. For large area scanning, a PWAS phased array is used to create the embedded ultrasonics structural radar (EUSR). For quality assurance, PWAS self-tests with the electromechanical impedance method are discussed.
Sialoside Analogue Arrays for Rapid Identification of High Affinity Siglec Ligands (2008)

The siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins participates in diverse cell surface biology that includes regulation of immune cell signaling and the interaction of neuronal cells with glial cells. The weak intrinsic affinity of the natural sialoside ligands has hampered the development of synthetic ligand based probes needed to elucidate their roles in siglec function. In this report, we describe a glycan microarray comprising a library of 9-acyl-substituted sialic acids incorporated into sialosides containing the Neu5Acalpha2-3Gal and Neu5Acalpha-6Gal linkages commonly recognized by the siglecs. The array is demonstrated to exhibit utility for detecting 9-acyl substituents that increase the affinity of siglecs for their ligands. Substituents that increase affinity are anticipated to be useful for the design of high affinity ligand based probes of siglec function.
A Wireless Hybrid Chemical Sensor for Detection of Environmental Volatile Organic Compounds (2013)

A hybrid sensor for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air is developed. The device combines two orthogonal sensing principles, selective molecular binding with a microfabricated quartz tuning fork detector and separation of analytes with a column. The tuning fork detector is functionalized with molecular imprinted polymers for selective binding to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and the separation column provides further discrimination of the analytes for real world complex sample analysis. The device is wireless, portable, battery-powered, and cell-phone operated, and it allows reliable detection in parts per billion (ppb) by volume-levels of BTEX in the presence of complex interferents. The hybrid device is suitable for occupational, environmental health, and epidemiological applications.
High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle Engine (2006)

A “High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle” (HEHC) thermodynamic cycle is explored. This four-stroke cycle borrows elements from Otto, Diesel, Atkinson, and Rankine cycles. Air is compressed into an isolated combustion chamber, allowing for true isochoric combustion, and extended duration for combustion to proceed until completion. Combustion products expand into a chamber with greater volume than intake. We provide details of a compact HEHC design implementation using rotary pistons and isolated rotating combustion chambers. Two Pistons simultaneously rotate and reciprocate and are held in position by two roller bearings. One Piston performs intake and compression, while the other performs exhaust and expansion. We predict a reduction of energy losses, moving part counts, weight and size over conventional engines.
Block Adjustment of Synchronizing Signal (BASS) for Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver Signal Processing (1997)

This paper describes a new approach of tracking GPS
standard positioning service (SPS) signals and an
augmentation of current acquisition algorithms. These
methods are implemented exclusively in software and
were developed in the Matlab interpretive language on a
Pentium class PC. Signal acquisition uses circular
convolution through use of the Fast Fourier transform
(FIW) to determine the carrier frequency and code phase
for each of satellites. Since the receiver is required to
track only the C/A code and the implementation is in
software, the C/A code for each satellite can be stored in
memory and used repetitive y as opposed to requiring a
conventional code NCO. The local code is generated at
its nominal (1.023 MHz) rate, stored in memory, and used
repetitively. Synchronization is maintained by the shifting
the input signal, on a sample-by-sample basis, as required.
Using this synchronized code, one component of a
discrete Fourier transform (DIT) is calculated in an early,
late, and prompt channel. From the phase of the DFT in
the prompt channel, the carrier ffequency can be tracked
and the navigation data can be decoded.
Improving parallel line distance protection with adaptive techniques (2002)

Performance of distance protection on parallel lines is negatively affected by mutual coupling effect between lines. The mutual coupling effect of a parallel line causes errors in the distance measurement of a conventional distance relay, which leads it to either to overestimate or underestimate the fault distance depending upon the system condition, the fault location, the bus configuration and line operating status. This paper shows the feasibility of achieving an optimal performance of a distance relay on parallel lines by using multiple locally available signals and applying adaptive techniques, without the use of any remote signals and/or additional system information.
Efficient singlet oxygen photosensitization upon two-photon excitation of porphyrins (2003)

Summary from only given. Use of porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is gaining acceptance worldwide as an alternative treatment of tumors' and age-related macular degeneration. It has been proposed that by utilizing two-photon absorption (TPA), in which case illumination is carried out at near-IR wavelengths, the PDT may be delivered deeper into the tissue. However, tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers studied so far display disappointingly small TPA cross-sections. We introduce new porphyrin photosensitizers with greatly enhanced TPA cross-section in near-IR range of wavelengths.
In Vivo Response to Cytarabine Chemotherapy Uncovers the Role of the Oxidative and Energetic Metabolism in the Chemoresistance of Human Primary AML Stem Cells (2015)

Abstract Resistant cells to conventional chemotherapy - which targets DNA synthesis - are thought to be rare and enriched in quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In order to develop an improved understanding of chemotherapy resistance in AML, we analyzed the response to cytarabine (Ara-C) in our xenograft model with 20 primary AML patient specimens from two clinical sites. After demonstrating AML engraftment, mice are treated with Ara-C given IP daily for 5 days as a single agent at 60 mg/kg daily, which correlates with human dosing. In all mice treated with this regimen, there was a 4- to 46-fold cytoreductive effect at 1 week post-treatment. While in vivo Ara-C treatment induces changes in CD34pos CD38pos/neg phenotypes of 50% of AML-engrafted mice, this treatment does not induce any significant changes in cell cycle distribution and does not enrich in G0 quiescent cells in AML-engrafted mice. Surprisingly we observed that Ara-C induces a decrease or no change in the frequency of SL-ICs (control, 1:2,500-21,900 versus Ara-C, 1:4,500-34,200), suggesting that Ara-C would not spare LSCs in vivo and equally kills both cycling and quiescent cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of Ara-C residual leukemic cells (RLCs) from three different patient-derived xenografts confirmed that RLCs are not enriched in stem cell marker genes at 1 week post-treatment. However, our gene signature of the in vivo AML resistance is enriched in genes involved in inflammatory, immune and stress response. When tested in three independent AML cohorts (Verhaak et al. 2009; TGCA, 2011; Metzeler et al. 2011), this signature is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. Finally we have shown that RLCs are PIMOpos cells with both high ROS content and active mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in AraC-treated xenografted mice compared to control mice. Accordingly, AML cells exhibiting high OXPHOS energetic phenotype are resistant to Ara-C chemotherapy in vivo while low OXPHOS AML cells are sensitive to AraC in NSG mice. Altogether these results suggest a novel model of cytarabine chemotherapy resistance in AML based on the oxidative and mitochondrial energy metabolism in vivo. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
New CFOA-based floating immittance emulators (2016)

This paper presents four new topologies for emulating floating immittance functions. Each circuit uses two or three current-feedback operational-amplifiers (CFOAs) and three passive elements. The proposed topologies can emulate positive/negative lossless and lossy floating inductances, and positive/negative capacitance, resistance and inductance multipliers in addition to floating frequency-dependent positive and negative resistances. The functionality of the proposed circuits is verified using the Advanced Design System software and the AD844 CFOA. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Molecular Evidence for Distinct Genotypes of Monkey B Virus (Herpesvirus Simiae) Which Are Related to the Macaque Host Species (1998)

Although monkey B virus (herpesvirus simiae; BV) is common in all macaque species, fatal human infections appear to be associated with exposure to rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), suggesting that BV isolates from rhesus monkeys may be more lethal to nonmacaques than are BV strains indigenous to other macaque species. To determine if significant differences that would support this supposition exist among BV isolates, we compared multiple BV strains isolated from rhesus, cynomolgus, pigtail, and Japanese macaques. Antigenic analyses indicated that while the isolates were very closely related to one another, there are some antigenic determinants that are specific to BV isolates from different macaque species. Restriction enzyme digest patterns of viral DNA revealed marked similarities between rhesus and Japanese macaque isolates, while pigtail and cynomolgus macaque isolates had distinctive cleavage patterns. To further compare genetic diversity among BV isolates, DNA sequences from two regions of the viral genome containing genes that are conserved (UL27 and US6) and variable (US4 and US5) among primate alphaherpesviruses, as well as from two noncoding intergenic regions, were determined. From these sequence data and a phylogenetic analysis of them it was evident that while all isolates were closely related strains of BV, there were three distinct genotypes. The three BV genotypes were directly related to the macaque species of origin and were composed of (i) isolates from rhesus and Japanese macaques, (ii) cynomolgus monkey isolates, and (iii) isolates from pigtail macaques. This study demonstrates the existence of different BV genotypes which are related to the macaque host species and thus provides a molecular basis for the possible existence of BV isolates which vary in their levels of pathogenicity for nonmacaque species.
Coherent operation of tour GaAlAs lasers by injection locking (1984)

Injection locking of multiple semiconductor lasers to a single master laser is a promising technique for increasing the amount of coherent optical power available from this highly efficient light source. With FM sideband injection locking,1 the technique can also be used for frequency multiplexing for optical fiber communications and to generate narrowband microwave signals.2 Injection locking of a single semiconductor slave laser (SL) by a master laser (ML) has been extensively studied.3-4 Injection locking of many slave lasers, however, makes the requirements of wavelength matching between the lasers and relative frequency stability more difficult to achieve.
Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxy-Terminated Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (2000)

This paper describes the biosynthesis and properties of bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA) with predominantly hydroxyl end groups. Hydroxy termination is achieved by the addition of low molecular weight diols to the culture. It is found that low molecular weight diols of various structures can be easily incorporated as chain ends, when used during fermentation, by a variety of microorganisms. Incorporation of a chiral diol does not appear to be stereospecific; both (R)- and (S)-1,2-propanediols were incorporated into the polymer. Moreover, both primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of 1,2-propanediol were found to have reacted. It was found that an increase in the hydroxy termination in P(3HB) leads to an increase in the thermal stability, most likely by prolonging the condensation reaction and delaying the degradation reaction.
Design and testing of a non-contestable gas tolerant condensing chamber (1996)

In 1992, the Nuclear Industry became aware of issues relating to non-conservative water level measurement resulting from dissolved gases in the reference leg of the measurement instrumentation. Because reactor water level is a very important safety and control parameter, a significant effort was initiated to understand the phenomena associated with the issue and to develop a method which would either eliminate of mitigate the problem. This paper presents the design, test development and results relating to the implementation of a methodology to prevent dissolved gas build-up and thereby eliminate the problems associated with the dissolved gases.
3D tag with improved read range for UHF RFID applications using Additive Manufacturing (2015)

In this paper a 3D tag antenna geometry is proposed for UHF RFID systems. Two antennas were built over different dielectric materials with similar properties using both Direct Digital Manufacturing and traditional photolithography and copper etching. The impedance matching between the antenna arms and the passive RFID integrated circuit was accomplished with the H-slot matching technique with a simulated 10 dB return loss bandwidth that allows the tag to operate in the American and European ISM RFID bands of 902-928 MHz and 864-868 MHz, respectively. The antennas were compared to commercially available tags in size, weight and read distance, showing a read range improvement of 136% (for a threshold power of 30 dBm) with respect to the best tag tested. A reduction in length of 78 % with respect to a planar 2D model was also achieved. The radiation patterns were measured, showing an omni-directional beam pattern.
Cell‐surface antigens of human lung tumors detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies: Definition of blood‐group‐ and non‐blood‐group‐related antigenic systems (1990)

The pattern of antigen expression in human non-small-cell cancers of various histological subtypes has been studied. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated following immunizations with cell lines of squamous, adeno- and anaplastic large-cell carcinomas of the lung. Seven non-blood-group-related antigens were defined in addition to 5 antigens related to blood-group determinants. Detailed specificity was established with a large panel of cultured cell lines and normal and neoplastic tissues. MAb F-18 reacted in direct tests with the immunizing squamous lung carcinoma cell line, with 5 out of 5 choriocarcinoma cell lines, but with no other cell lines. No expression of F-18 antigen was observed in any normal or malignant tissue examined. The other 6 non-blood-group-reactive MAbs (F-7, F-8, F-11, F-15, F-16 and F-17) could be distinguished by their reactivity on a panel of cultured cells and tissues. One MAb in this group (F-17) reacted strongly with 19/35 lung tumor cell lines, 32/76 other tumor-derived cell lines, cultured normal kidney cells and fetal lung fibroblasts. This antibody did not react with any normal adult tissues examined, but did react with several cancer tissues including 1/17 lung tumors, 2/4 ovarian cancers and 1/5 colon tumors. Immunoprecipitation tests revealed that 5 of the antigens were glycoproteins: F-18 (Mr greater than 200,000), F-15 (Mr 44,000), F-16 (Mr 90,000), F-17 (Mr 95,000) and F-8 (Mr 95,000). Four MAbs detected Y blood-group antigen (Le(y)), only 2 of which were able to agglutinate O erythrocytes. Another antibody detected X blood-group antigen (Le(x)).
Study on Multiplexing Methods for Volume Holographic Memory (2005)

Several important hologram multiplexing methods such as phase-code, shift, speckle, angle, and polytopic multiplexing were evaluated experimentally. Those methods were compared from the viewpoints of recording density, data transfer rate, and media interchangeability.
The sensitivity enhancement for the radiation sensor based on Film Bulk Acoustic-Wave Resonator (2011)

This paper describes the new design and material selection used to improve the sensitivity of ionizing radiation sensing with a zinc oxide based Film Bulk Acoustic-Wave Resonator (FBAR). Prior results demonstrated that the parallel resonant frequency of the FBAR decreased after irradiation due to radiation-induced charge trapping in the SiN. Here, by employing Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SiN) within a two layer SiN configuration, we were able to increase the sensitivity by over two orders of magnitude. The maximum sensitivity of 2300 kHz/krad was demonstrated and is the highest radiation sensitivity of resonant sensors known to the authors.
Identification of a CD4 Domain Required for Interleukin-16 Binding and Lymphocyte Activation* (1999)

Interleukin-16 (IL-16) activates CD4(+) cells, possibly by direct interaction with CD4. IL-16 structure and function are highly conserved across species, suggesting similar conservation of a putative IL-16 binding site on CD4. Comparison of the human CD4 amino acid sequence with that of several different species revealed that immunoglobulin-like domain 4 is the most conserved extracellular region. Potential interaction of this domain with IL-16 was studied by testing murine D4 sequence-based oligopeptides for inhibition of IL-16 chemoattractant activity and inhibition of IL-16 binding to CD4 in vitro. Three contiguous 12-residue D4 region peptides (designated A, B, and C) blocked IL-16 chemoattractant activity, with peptide B the most potent. Peptides A and B were synergistic for inhibition, but peptide C was not. Peptides A and B also blocked IL-16 binding to CD4 in vitro, whereas peptide C did not. CD4, in addition to its known function as a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class II, contains a binding site for IL-16 in the D4 domain. The D4 residues required for IL-16 binding overlap those previously shown to participate in CD4-CD4 dimerization following class II major histocompatibility complex binding, providing a mechanistic explanation for the known function of IL-16 to inhibit the mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Synthesis of carbonate‐containing high temperature poly(arylene‐siloxanylenes) (1982)

Abstract A method for the first synthesis of high molecular weight carbonate‐containing siloxanylene polymers was successfully developed. The procedure covered the preparation and polymerization of pure carbonate‐containing bis‐silanols which included bis(4‐hydroxydimethylsilylphenyl)‐carbonate, bis[4‐(1‐hydroxy‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxanyl)‐phenyl] carbonate, and their meta analogs. Because conventional siloxane polymerization methods, such as the heterocondensation of bis‐silanols with diaminosilanes or homocondensation reactions catalyzed by alkali reagents, decomposed carbonate linkages, a new polymerization technique that involved the use of phosgene was used. The procedure was both facile and effective in the polymerization of other arylene bis‐silanols.