gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tin-Protoporphyrin in the Management of Children With Crigler-Najjar Disease (1989)

The Crigler-Najjar disease is a rare disorder originally described in 1952 and characterized by a severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia appearing in the first days of life and persisting throughout life. In 1969, Arias et al proposed to subdivide such patients into two groups. The first group (Crigler-Najjar disease type 1) consisted of the most severely jaundiced infants in whom bilirubin encephalopathy developed resulting in death, usually within the first year of life, and whose plasma bilirubin level did not decrease during treatment with phenobarbital. Their bile was described as virtually colorless and appeared to contain only a trace amount of bilirubin, all in the unconjugated form. In the second group (Crigler-Najjar disease type 2), bilirubin conjugates were detected in normally yellow bile. In these patients, the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was less severe and encephalopathy was absent.
The community cyber security maturity model (2011)

Reports of cyber security breaches are common in the media and security events have affected millions. Even with a greater awareness of cyber security, the problem has not decreased as sectors increase their dependence on critical cyber infrastructures. States and communities have joined the growing list of organizations trying to establish viable and sustainable cyber security programs to prepare for cyber events when they inevitably occur. The Community Cyber Security Maturity Model (CCSMM) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> was developed to assist in the development of programs by providing three important mechanisms: a “yardstick” to determine current cyber security posture and maturity, a “roadmap” to help improve security posture, and a common point of reference for individuals to share experiences and lessons learned. This paper discusses the development of the model and describes initial results in states and communities adopting it. The paper also discusses what remains to be accomplished and areas for further research.
Experimental determination of the flexoelectric coefficients of some nematic liquid crystals (1993)

Abstract We report measurements of the temperature variation of the flexoelectric coefficient (e 1–e 3) of a number of nematic liquid crystals like phenylcyclohexanes, cyanobiphenyls, etc. We have also measured (e 1+e 3) of a few systems using appropriate methods of applying an electric field gradient to the sample. In most of the systems, (e 1–e 3)/k, where k is a curvature elastic constant, is found to be positive and independent of temperature, as expected. However, in 4-heptyl-1-(4-cyanocyclohexyl)cyclohexane and a few other compounds with relatively flexible parts, |(e 1–e 3)/k| increases with temperature. We discuss the possible molecular origin of the sign and temperature dependence of the flexoelectric coefficients of the systems studied.
A bidirectional TDMA protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks (2013)

To improve the channel efficiency, a bidirectional TDMA protocol is proposed for UWASNs in the paper. In proposed protocol, each time slot is divided into two parts, the DATA transmission/reception part and the ACK transmission/reception part. Two neighboring nodes exchange their packets by transmitting in the transmission part simultaneously and receiving at the reception part. Hence, by utilizing the characteristic of the long propagation delay in UWASNs subtly, only one time slot is used when two nodes exchange their information. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed protocol can achieve a higher throughput and a lower transmission delay.
Optimized pulse shapes for a resonator-induced phase gate (2015)

The resonator-induced phase gate is a multiqubit controlled-phase gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits. Through off-resonant driving of a bus resonator, statically coupled qubits acquire a state-dependent phase. However, photon loss leads to dephasing during the gate, and any residual entanglement between the resonator and qubits after the gate leads to decoherence. Here we consider how to shape the drive pulse to minimize these unwanted effects. First, we review how the gate's entangling and dephasing rates depend on the system parameters and validate closed-form solutions against direct numerical solution of a master equation. Next, we propose spline pulse shapes that reduce residual qubit-bus entanglement, are robust to imprecise knowledge of the resonator shift, and can be shortened by using higher-degree polynomials. Finally, we present a procedure that optimizes over the subspace of pulses that leave the resonator unpopulated. This finds shaped drive pulses that further reduce the gate duration. Assuming realistic parameters, we exhibit shaped pulses that have the potential to realize $\ensuremath{\sim}212$ ns spline pulse gates and $\ensuremath{\sim}120$ ns optimized gates with $\ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ average gate infidelity. These examples do not represent fundamental limits of the gate and, in principle, even shorter gates may be achievable.
Regaining a Spatial Dimension: Mechanically Transferrable Two-Dimensional InAs Nanofins Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy (2019)

We report a method for growing rectangular InAs nanofins with deterministic length, width, and height by dielectric-templated selective-area epitaxy. These freestanding nanofins can be transferred to lay flat on a separate substrate for device fabrication. A key goal was to regain a spatial dimension for device design compared to nanowires, while retaining the benefits of bottom-up epitaxial growth. The transferred nanofins were made into devices featuring multiple contacts for Hall effect and four-terminal resistance studies, as well as a global back-gate and nanoscale local top-gates for density control. Hall studies give a 3D electron density 2.5-5 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, corresponding to an approximate surface accumulation layer density 3-6 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> that agrees well with previous studies of InAs nanowires. We obtain Hall mobilities as high as 1200 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s), field-effect mobilities as high as 4400 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s), and clear quantum interference structure at temperatures as high as 20 K. Our devices show excellent prospects for fabrication into more complicated devices featuring multiple ohmic contacts, local gates, and possibly other functional elements, for example, patterned superconductor contacts, that may make them attractive options for future quantum information applications.
Regional Targeting Based Millimeter-Wave Beamforming for Robot Communication in 5G Scenes (2017)

High reliability and low latency wireless communication is one of the very important scenes in the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G). In this scene, the device to device mode (D2D) and 60GHz millimeter wave (MMW) is ideal robot communication scheme for it can avoid long-distance transmission between base stations and robots, reduce power consumption, and provide a multiple Giga-bps throughput. However, it is considerable challenge to provide faster MMW beamforming and agile beam adjustment capability between communication terminals. In this paper, a regional targeting based beamforming scheme is proposed. It makes use of antenna arrays to obtain arrival angle of signals. Then the spatial coverage of beams in a codebook is re-defined to make them almost orthogonal. A relatively optimal beam can be recommended by its coverage and signal angle of target device quickly. Moreover, a sliding window centered on the recommended beam, rather than the entire codebook is constructed for beam training, which results in a significant reduction in beamforming setup time. Simulation conducted on 5G indoor D2D communications demonstrate the superiority of our presented scheme compared with representative conventional methods.
RISK FACTOR OF LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN ENDOSCOPICALLY RESECTED T1 COLORECTAL CANCER (2019)

Early colorectal cancer is defined as a carcinoma confined to the submucosa, regardless of lymph node (LN) status. The risk of LN metastasis in early colon cancer is ranging from 6.3% to 17%, and submucosal invasion more than 1000um, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), poor differentiation and tumor budding are well-known risk factor. We aimed to clarify the risk factors for LN metastasisin early colorectal cancer.
Achieving SLC performance with MLC flash memory (2015)

Although the Multi-Level-Cell technique is widely adopted by flash-memory vendors to boost the chip density and to lower the cost, it results in serious performance and reliability problems. Different from the past work, a new cell programming method is proposed to not only significantly improve the chip performance but also reduce the potential bit error rate. In particular, a Single-Level-Cell-like programming style is proposed to better explore the threshold-voltage relationship to denote different Multi-Level-Cell bit information, which in turn drastically provides a larger window of threshold voltage similar to that found in Single-Level-Cell chips. It could result in less programming iterations and simultaneously a much less reliability problem in programming flash-memory cells. In the experiments, the new programming style could accelerate the programming speed up to 742% and even reduce the bit error rate up to 471% for Multi-Level-Cell pages.
[What should nephrologists know about cardiac illnesses in patients on peritoneal dialysis?]. (2008)

Patients on peritoneal dialysis account for approximately 10% of individuals on dialysis and are very variably distributed throughout Spain, with a national mean of 47 procedures per million inhabitants. The high incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients on peritoneal dialysis is determined by the almost universal presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension) and other risk factors secondary to uremia and the inflammatory process associated to atherosclerotic disease. The concomitant presence in clinical practice of highly diverse heart diseases in these patients makes relevant a number of considerations from the cardiological viewpoint that may be of interest for specialists in nephrology. This review analyzes some aspects of four cardiological conditions that are very common in patients on peritoneal dialysis: heart failure, coronary heart disease, valve involvement, and atrial fibrillation.
Glucocorticoid Blockade Does Not Abrogate Tumor-Induced Cachexia (1999)

Cancer-induced cachexia is a common manifestation observed in patients with malignancies. Elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoids and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been observed in cancer patients with cachexia and are implicated as major mediators in this process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of circulating glucocorticoid levels as primary mediators in cancer-induced cachexia. We evaluated whether inhibition of glucocorticoids with the receptor antagonist RU-486 could abrogate the detrimental wasting of muscle and adipose tissues seen in a well-characterized murine tumor-induced cachexia model. Mice (12/group) were randomized to control, tumor-bearing, control + vehicle, or tumor-bearing + glucocorticoid receptor antagonist groups. Circulating serum glucocorticoid and IL-6 levels were measured in addition to multiple body composition parameters, such as total body weight, lean body mass, and adipose content. The results of this study indicate a significant physiological alteration in the tumor-bearing host that causes severe and detrimental changes in body composition parameters. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between increased circulating glucocorticoid levels and alterations in body composition parameters. These observed defects were not abrogated with the administration of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. We therefore conclude that the untoward effects of tumor-induced cachexia are not mediated primarily by the peripheral effects of high circulating glucocorticoid levels but may involve a complex interaction with IL-6.
Expression of S100A4 protein is associated with metastasis and reduced survival in human bladder cancer (2002)

The calcium-binding protein S100A4 induces the metastatic phenotype in rodent models of breast cancer and its expression correlates strongly with reduced survival in human breast cancer. The expression of S100A4 in normal bladders and 101 bladder tumours has been studied using immunocytochemistry. Moderate or strong expression of S100A4 was found in 28% of the tumours, whilst the remaining tumours and normal urothelium either failed to stain or showed weak staining. S100A4 staining was more frequently observed in invasive bladder tumours than in non-invasive tumours (p<0.05). In invasive tumours, S100A4 staining was usually strongest in invasive regions and single infiltrating cells. Statistically significant associations were found between S100A4 expression and metastasis (p=0.0003) and reduced survival (p<0.0001). It is concluded that S100A4 expression may play an important role in bladder cancer and may identify a subgroup of patients at increased risk of metastasis who should be considered for adjuvant systemic therapy.
Exploring passive user interaction for adaptive narratives (2012)

Previous Interactive Storytelling systems have been designed to allow active user intervention in an unfolding story, using established multi-modal interactive techniques to influence narrative development. In this paper we instead explore the use of a form of passive interaction where users' affective responses, measured by physiological proxies, drive a process of narrative adaptation. We introduce a system that implements a passive interaction loop as part of narrative generation, monitoring users' physiological responses to an on-going narrative visualization and using these to adapt the subsequent development of character relationships, narrative focus and pacing. Idiomatic cinematographic techniques applied to the visualization utilize existing theories of establishing characteristic emotional tone and viewer expectations to foster additional user response. Experimental results support the applicability of filmic emotional theories in a non-film visual realization, demonstrating significant appropriate user physiological response to narrative events and "emotional cues". The subsequent narrative adaptation provides a variation of viewing experience with no loss of narrative comprehension.
A single amino acid change, A91V, leads to conformational changes that can impair processing to the active form of perforin (2005)

Mutations in the perforin gene have been found in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare autosomal recessive disease. We describe a patient expressing perforin with amino acid changes A91V and W374X. The ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells to lyse target cells is greatly reduced. Here we demonstrate that perforin from this patient is not recognized using an antibody raised against native perforin (deltaG9), but is readily detected using an antibody raised against a peptide epitope (2d4), suggesting that the epitope recognized by deltaG9 is destroyed by the change at A91V. Immunoblotting reveals no protein corresponding to the truncated transcript encoded by W374X, revealing that only perforin with the A91V change is expressed in CTLs from the patient. Patient CTLs show bands corresponding to the immature and intermediate forms of perforin, but the mature active form of perforin is absent or barely detectable. The conformational changes and impaired cleavage of A91V perforin are likely to explain the reduced cytotoxicity in CTLs and NK cells from this patient and are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of HLH.
Introduction (2020)

Just before Lesley Brown naturally ovulated on November 9, 1977, she underwent laparoscopic surgery to aspirate the fluid in her left ovary, which contained a single egg. It was fertilized with the sperm of Lesley’s husband, John. Three days later, the resulting embryo contained eight cells and was transferred into Lesley’s uterus. On July 25, 1978, history was made with the arrival of the first baby conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Backpropagation Neural Tree (2022)

We propose a novel algorithm called Backpropagation Neural Tree (BNeuralT), which is a stochastic computational dendritic tree. BNeuralT takes random repeated inputs through its leaves and imposes dendritic nonlinearities through its internal connections like a biological dendritic tree would do. Considering the dendritic-tree like plausible biological properties, BNeuralT is a single neuron neural tree model with its internal sub-trees resembling dendritic nonlinearities. BNeuralT algorithm produces an ad hoc neural tree which is trained using a stochastic gradient descent optimizer like gradient descent (GD), momentum GD, Nesterov accelerated GD, Adagrad, RMSprop, or Adam. BNeuralT training has two phases, each computed in a depth-first search manner: the forward pass computes neural tree’s output in a post-order traversal, while the error backpropagation during the backward pass is performed recursively in a pre-order traversal. A BNeuralT model can be considered a minimal subset of a neural network (NN), meaning it is a “thinned” NN whose complexity is lower than an ordinary NN. Our algorithm produces high-performing and parsimonious models balancing the complexity with descriptive ability on a wide variety of machine learning problems: classification, regression, and pattern recognition.
Indexing and Compression in Data Warehouses. (1999)

Efficient query processing is critical in a data warehouse environment because the warehouse is very large, queries are often ad-hoc and complex, and decision support applications typically require interactive response times. Existing approaches often use indexes to speed up such queries. However, the addition of index structures can significantly increase storage costs. In this paper, we consider the application of compression techniques to data warehouses. In particular, we examine a recently proposed access structure for warehouses known as DataIndexes, and discuss the application of several well-known compression methods to this approach. We also include a brief performance analysis, which indicates that the DataIndexing approach is well-suited to compression techniques in many cases. 1 Introduction Data warehouses are large, special-purpose databases that contain historical data integrated from a number of independent sources, supporting users who wish to analyze the data for tre...
Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice (2019)

In this study, we investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice by using behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. We found that LPS treatment leads to sickness behavior and cognitive impairment in mice as shown in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test, and these effects were accompanied by microglia activation (labeled by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IBA-1) and neuronal cell loss (labeled by microtubule-associated protein 2, MAP-2) in the hippocampus. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum and brain homogenates were reduced by the LPS treatment, while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased. In addition, LPS promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain homogenates. The Western blot analysis showed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated in the LPS groups. Furthermore, VIPER, which is a TLR-4-specific inhibitory peptide, prevented the LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. These data suggest that LPS induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation via microglia activation by activating the NF-kB signaling pathway; furthermore, we compared the time points, doses, methods and outcomes of LPS administration between intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections of LPS in LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and these data may provide additional insight for researchers performing neuroinflammation research.
Mashup by surfing a web of data APIs (2009)

We present sMash, a system for facilitating users to mashup Web data. The aspects emphasized by the demo are: (1) how to help novice users master data APIs and relationships amongst them easily; (2) how to inspire various users to build more amazing Web data mashups. First, a real-life data API network is constructed and visualized to enable users to surf and mashup. Second, two kinds of recommendations are generated dynamically based on a comprehensive analysis of the network, user's traces and a repository of mashups to provide navigation.
Glucose-Regulated Protein 94/Glycoprotein 96 Elicits Bystander Activation of CD4+ T Cell Th1 Cytokine Production In Vivo (2004)

Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94/gp96), the endoplasmic reticulum heat shock protein 90 paralog, elicits both innate and adaptive immune responses. Regarding the former, GRP94/gp96 stimulates APC cytokine expression and dendritic cell maturation. The adaptive component of GRP94/gp96 function reflects a proposed peptide-binding activity and, consequently, a role for native GRP94/gp96-peptide complexes in cross-presentation. It is by this mechanism that tumor-derived GRP94/gp96 is thought to suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Recent data have demonstrated that GRP94/gp96-elicited innate immune responses can be sufficient to suppress tumor growth and metastasis. However, the immunological processes activated in response to tumor Ag-negative sources of GRP94/gp96 are currently unknown. We have examined the in vivo immunological response to nontumor sources of GRP94/gp96 and report that administration of syngeneic GRP94/gp96- or GRP94/gp96-N-terminal domain-secreting KBALB fibroblasts to BALB/c mice stimulates CD11b(+) and CD11c(+) APC function and promotes bystander activation of CD4(+) T cell Th1 cytokine production. Only modest activation of CD8(+) T cell or NK cell cytolytic function was observed. The GRP94/gp96-dependent induction of CD4(+) T cell cytokine production was markedly inhibited by carrageenan, indicating an essential role for APC in this response. These results identify the bystander activation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes as a previously unappreciated immunological consequence of GRP94/gp96 administration and demonstrate that GRP94/gp96-elicited alterations in the in vivo cytokine environment influence the development of CD4(+) T cell effector functions, independently of its proposed function as a peptide chaperone.
Real‐time Light Animation (2004)

Abstract Light source animation is a particularly hard field of real‐time global illumination algorithms since moving light sources result in drastic illumination changes and make coherence techniques less effective. However, the animation of small (point‐like) light sources represents a special but practically very important case, for which the reuse of the results of other frames is possible. This paper presents a fast light source animation algorithm based on the virtual light sources illumination method. The speed up is close to the length of the animation, and is due to reusing paths in all frames and not only in the frame where they were obtained. The possible applications of this algorithm are the lighting design and systems to convey shape and features with relighting.