gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mean field analysis of the magnetic properties of vapor deposited amorphous Fe-Gd thin films (1978)

The temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization of vapor deposited amorphous Fe-Gd thin films have been analyzed in terms of the mean field theory. This analysis yielded values of the Fe spin, and the Fe-Fe and Fe-Gd exchange interaction energies, which were then correlated to composition. The temperature and composition dependence of other magnetic properties can be calculated from these mean field parameters, and the temperature sensitivity of the saturation magnetization of amorphous Fe-Gd alloys is shown to be less than that of amorphous Co-Gd alloys.
A robust and precise 3D indoor positioning system for harsh environments (2012)

In recent years there has been a considerable research on the development of indoor positioning systems. Several kinds of technologies such as ultrasonic, UWB, WLAN, optical waves and hybrid solutions were utilized already. However, using these technologies many difficulties arise in indoor environments due to none line of sight (NLoS) and multipath errors. In this paper, the realization and the evaluation of a 3D indoor localization system, which is robust for harsh and NLoS environments is presented. The positioning system is Direct Current (DC) magnetic based, shows no multipath effects and has excellent characteristics for penetrating various obstacles. To eliminate additional interference fields (e.g. earth's magnetic field, electrical disturbances) a differential measurement principle and adaptive noise suppression algorithms are used. In the case of the deployment in smaller areas, even smart phones equipped with embedded low cost sensors can be utilized as mobile station. A real time 3D position estimation with an accuracy up to 50 cm is achievable by setting up only three magnetic coils inside or around the building. In order to analyze existing systematic errors, a simple calibration procedure has been implemented. The calibration routine reduces the systematic errors, which leads to improved system's positioning accuracy up to 10 cm.
RF vision: RFID receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) images for sensor fusion and mobile manipulation (2009)

In this work we present a set of integrated methods that enable an RFID-enabled mobile manipulator to approach and grasp an object to which a self-adhesive passive (battery-free) UHF RFID tag has been affixed. Our primary contribution is a new mode of perception that produces images of the spatial distribution of received signal strength indication (RSSI) for each of the tagged objects in an environment. The intensity of each pixel in the 'RSSI image' is the measured RF signal strength for a particular tag in the corresponding direction. We construct these RSSI images by panning and tilting an RFID reader antenna while measuring the RSSI value at each bearing. Additionally, we present a framework for estimating a tagged object's 3D location using fused ID-specific features derived from an RSSI image, a camera image, and a laser range finder scan. We evaluate these methods using a robot with actuated, long-range RFID antennas and finger-mounted short-range antennas. The robot first scans its environment to discover which tagged objects are within range, creates a user interface, orients toward the user-selected object using RF signal strength, estimates the 3D location of the object using an RSSI image with sensor fusion, approaches and grasps the object, and uses its finger-mounted antennas to confirm that the desired object has been grasped. In our tests, the sensor fusion system with an RSSI image correctly located the requested object in 17 out of 18 trials (94.4%), an 11.1% improvement over the system's performance when not using an RSSI image. The robot correctly oriented to the requested object in 8 out of 9 trials (88.9%), and in 3 out of 3 trials the entire system successfully grasped the object selected by the user.
Location-Relative Attention Mechanisms for Robust Long-Form Speech Synthesis (2020)

Despite the ability to produce human-level speech for in-domain text, attention-based end-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) systems suffer from text alignment failures that increase in frequency for out-of-domain text. We show that these failures can be addressed using simple location-relative attention mechanisms that do away with content-based query/key comparisons. We compare two families of attention mechanisms: location-relative GMM-based mechanisms and additive energy-based mechanisms. We suggest simple modifications to GMM-based attention that allow it to align quickly and consistently during training, and introduce a new location-relative attention mechanism to the additive energy-based family, called Dynamic Convolution Attention (DCA). We compare the various mechanisms in terms of alignment speed and consistency during training, naturalness, and ability to generalize to long utterances, and conclude that GMM attention and DCA can generalize to very long utterances, while preserving naturalness for shorter, in-domain utterances.
Proactive small cell networks (2013)

Proactive scheduling in mobile networks is known as a way of using network resources efficiently. In this work, we investigate proactive Small Cell Networks (SCNs) from a caching perspective. We first assume that these small base stations are deployed with high capacity storage units but have limited capacity backhaul links. We then describe the model and define a Quality of Experience (QoE) metric in order to satisfy a given file request. The optimization problem is formulated in order to maximize this QoE metric for all requests under the capacity constraints. We solve this problem by introducing an algorithm, called PropCaching (proactive popularity caching), which relies on the popularity statistics of the requested files. Since not all requested files can be cached due to storage constraints, the algorithm selects the files with the highest popularities until the total storage capacity is achieved. Consecutively, the proposed caching algorithm is compared with random caching. Given caching and sufficient capacity of the wireless links, numerical results illustrate that the number of satisfied requests increases. Moreover, we show that PropCaching performs better than random caching in most cases. For example, for R = 192 number of requests and a storage ratio γ = 0.25 (storage capacity over sum of length of all requested files), the satisfaction in PropCaching is 85% higher than random caching and the backhaul usage is reduced by 10%.
Transgenerational Effects of Preconception Paternal Contamination with<sup>55</sup>Fe (2001)

The conjecture that germline mutations induced by radiation exposure before conception may predispose subsequent offspring to cancer remains contentious. Previous experimental studies have shown that preconception paternal irradiation with (239)Pu induces perturbations in the hemopoietic systems of offspring and influences sensitivity to a secondary carcinogen. In the present study, male DBA2 mice were injected intravenously with the Auger electron emitter (55)Fe (4 kBq g(-1)) 18 or 84 days before mating with normal females. Comet analysis showed an increased incidence of DNA strand breaks in sperm from contaminated animals after 84 days, but not after 18 days, indicating spermatogonial rather than spermatid damage. Offspring were either assayed for changes in bone marrow stem cells and committed progenitors or challenged with the chemical carcinogen methyl nitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg) at 10 weeks of age and monitored for the onset of malignancy. Offspring from irradiated fathers had normal peripheral blood profiles, although the stem cell population was amplified in offspring arising from those exposed to (55)Fe at 84 days before conception. Exposure to MNU significantly increased the incidence of lympho-hemopoietic malignancies in offspring from the 84-day group, but not in those from the 18-day group. These findings support the hypothesis that aberrations that are potentially leukemogenic may be transmitted to offspring after radiation damage to the paternal germline.
Feeding Rats Diets Containing Cheno- or Ursodeoxycholic Acid or Cholestyramine Modifies Intestinal Uptake of Glucose and Lipids (1987)

We wished to test the hypothesis that variations in the luminal content of bile acid produced by feeding chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) or cholestyramine (C) alter intestinal transport properties and morphology. Rats were fed standard chow pellets containing 0.5% CDC, 0.5% UDC or 2% C for a period of 2 weeks, and the in vitro uptake of glucose, cholesterol, bile acids and a homologous series of fatty acids was assessed. The food consumption was similar in animals fed chow, CDC, UDC and C, yet rats fed CDC or UDC gained less weight, and the weight of the jejunal and ileal mucosa was lower in animals fed CDC or C than in those fed chow or UDC. Ileal but not jejunal uptake of glucose was reduced in animals fed UDC, CDC or C. The active ileal uptake of bile acids was enhanced by UDC, CDC or C, whereas the jejunal passive permeability to bile acids was reduced by feeding C. Feeding C inhibited the jejunal and ileal uptake of cholesterol; C, UDC and CDC had a variable effect on the intestinal uptake of the fatty acids 10:0-18:0. The jejunal mucosal surface area was lower in groups fed CDC or UDC as compared with rats fed chow or C, and the ileal mucosal surface area was lower in rats fed CDC. However, the altered intestinal transport could not be explained by the altered morphology. Thus, (1) chronic variations in the intestinal luminal content of bile acids produced by the feeding of CDC, UDC or C resulted in alterations in the active and passive transport properties of the intestine, and (2) these changes differed between the jejunum and the ileum and were not explained simply by alterations in the animals' food intake or mucosal morphology. These studies suggest that chronic variations in the bile acids in the intestinal lumen may be one of the factors independently influencing the transport properties and mucosal surface area of the intestine. The long-term effect of changes in luminal bile acid content on intestinal function in man remains to be established.
A novel approach for rapid detection of bacterially contaminated platelet concentrates via sensitive measurement of microbial <scp>DNA</scp> polymerase activity (2013)

Together, the data presented here demonstrate that the ETGA-PC assay is a feasible approach for rapid and sensitive detection of bacterially contaminated PCs. Experiments, aimed at simplification and/or automation of the assay procedure, are under way.
Ni-Salicided Poly-Si/poly-SiGe-Layered Gate Technology for 65-nm-node CMOSFETs (2004)

A poly-Si/poly-SiGe-layered gate electrode with a high Ge content that is suitable for Ni silicidation has been examined. The optimum Ge content for suppressing gate depletion was found to be 30%. It was found that the in situ deposition of a thin Si layer after SiGe deposition was effective in suppressing void formation. A smooth Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 film without voids was obtained as either polycrystalline or amorphous. The enhancement of boron activation in poly-Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 was confirmed while gate depletion became large for α-Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 because of its lower boron diffusivity. Stable Ni silicidation over the 300 mm wafers was achieved by using a poly-Si/poly-Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 -layered gate electrode.
Unusual defect physics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell absorber (2014)

Thin-film solar cells based on Methylammonium triiodideplumbate (CH3NH3PbI3) halide perovskites have recently shown remarkable performance. First-principle calculations show that CH3NH3PbI3 has unusual defect physics: (i) Different from common p-type thin-film solar cell absorbers, it exhibits flexible conductivity from good p-type, intrinsic to good n-type depending on the growth conditions; (ii) Dominant intrinsic defects create only shallow levels, which partially explain the long electron-hole diffusion length and high open-circuit voltage in solar cell. The unusual defect properties can be attributed to the strong Pb lone-pair s orbital and I p orbital antibonding coupling and the high ionicity of CH3NH3PbI3.
Chaotifying linear Elman networks (2002)

A linear model of recurrent neural networks, called the Elman networks, is combined with the simple nonlinear modulo (mod) operation on its linear activated function so as to generate chaos purposely. Conditions on the weight matrix are obtained, under which the generated chaos satisfies the mathematical definition of chaos in the sense of T.Y. Li and J.A. Yorke (1975). Some simple and representative weight matrices are constructed for designing such Elman networks that can generate Li-Yorke chaos. Several numerical simulations are shown to verify and visualize the design.
Signal detection performance in Rayleigh fading environments with a moving antenna (2010)

The performances of a single-antenna handheld receiver in detecting a narrowband signal in a Rayleigh fading environment that is temporally static but decorrelates spatially are analysed. Of interest is comparing the detection performance of a static antenna with that of a moving antenna subject to constant processing time. It is shown that the net processing gain resulting from randomly moving the antenna relative to keeping it static can be large, namely over 11 dB in some cases, which is significant for numerous indoor applications. It is further demonstrated that, for a given utilisation scenario, there is an optimum number of spatial samples that maximise the processing gain advantage of the moving antenna. Generally, if the spatial trajectory of the antenna becomes too large, then the loss associated with the signal decorrelation dominates and undermines the gains achieved by the increased spatial diversity. Practical implementation issues including the sensitivity of the proposed method to trajectory estimation are investigated. An extensive set of measurements based on CDMA 2000 signals propagated from outdoor terrestrial base stations and captured in indoor multipath environments using static and moving antennas are utilised to experimentally substantiate these theoretical findings.
Memory Management for Real-Time Java: State of the Art (2008)

The real-time specification for Java extends the Java platform to support real-time processing and introduces a region-based memory model, called scoped memory, which side-steps the Java garbage collector. While scoped memory succeeds in protecting real-time tasks from execution time jitter, practical experience points to shortcomings. This paper takes stock of the state of the art in memory management for RTSJ programs.
Personalized Ranking in Signed Networks Using Signed Random Walk with Restart (2016)

How can we rank users in signed social networks? Relationships between nodes in a signed network are represented as positive (trust) or negative (distrust) edges. Many social networks have adopted signed networks to express trust between users. Consequently, ranking friends or enemies in signed networks has received much attention from the data mining community. The ranking problem, however, is challenging because it is difficult to interpret negative edges. Traditional random walk based methods such as PageRank and Random Walk with Restart cannot provide effective rankings in signed networks since they assume only positive edges. Although several methods have been proposed by modifying traditional ranking models, they also fail to account for proper rankings due to the lack of ability to consider complex edge relations. In this paper, we propose Signed Random Walk with Restart, a novel model for personalized ranking in signed networks. We introduce a signed random surfer so that she considers negative edges by changing her sign for walking. Our model provides proper rankings reflecting signed edges based on the signed surfer. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that SRWR achieves the best accuracy (up to 87%) for sign prediction, and predicts trolls 4× more accurately than other ranking models.
Microfluidic design and fabrication of wafer-scale varifocal liquid lens (2009)

Microfluidic design and fabrication was developed for wafer-scale varifocal liquid lens which is slim less than 0.9mm. The liquid-filled varifocal lens has advanced functions such as auto macro and focusing to obtain a high quality of image. This varifocal lens is similar to human eye and it consists of main Si frame which has penetrated inner hole, upside-bonded PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer membrane, downside-bonded glass plate and optical fluid confined by these structures. Si frame, which has a circular hole for tunable lens chamber, several holes for actuator chamber and micro-fluidic channels between chambers, is fabricated using thin Si wafer and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) processes. When optical fluid is filled the internal cavity by conventional injection, void trapping which degrades optical performance or filling impossibility happens because of high aspect ratio between lens diameter and thickness for slim liquid lens. To prevent these problems, we developed wafer-based microfabrications of seal line dispensing, accurate dropping of optical fluid, pressing & bonding process in vacuum and UV sealant curing. Afterward, electro-active polymer actuators, which push the optical fluid to change the lens shape, was attached on the PDMS membrane of liquid lens wafer and sawing process of 9.4mm*9.0mm chip size followed. Finally, the varifocal liquid lens which is slim less than 0.6mm thickness (0.9mm included actuators), tunable more than 20diopter changes of refractive power, guaranteed reliability of 300,000 repetitions and suitable for mass production, was realized.
Real-Time Measurements of Black Carbon Indoors and Outdoors: A Comparison of the Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor and the Aethalometer (2005)

A real-time instrument employing photoelectric emission has been suggested as a semiquantitative tracer of black carbon (BC). The instrument is known as the Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS) and has been manufactured in Europe since the 1980s. As a test of this relationship, real-time measurements were made using two models of this instrument side by side with two Aethalometers for one year (1998) and for an additional six months (December 1999–May 2000) inside and outside an occupied house in Reston, VA. Four sources, two outdoors and two indoors, were investigated. The outdoor sources included automobile traffic and woodburning; the indoor sources included cooking and candle burning. Correlations between the Aethalometer and both models of PAS instruments for three of the four sources ranged from R2 = 72% to 85%. For cooking, the earlier PAS Model 1001i using mercury vapor as a UV source was correlated with the Aethalometer for broiled foods, but the later PAS Model 2000 using a krypton chloride excimer lamp showed almost no response. When all sources were combined, both the outdoor PAS 2000 and the indoor PAS 1001i correlated with the corresponding Aethalometers (R2 = 63%, N = 36,558, p < 0.0001; and R2 = 68%, N = 34,954, p < 0.0001, respectively). Although the precision of the Aethalometer and PAS 2000 was high (4.5% and 5.4%, respectively), and correlations between them fairly good for some sources, the accuracy of both instruments is essentially unknown, due in part to the lack of a standard capable of providing calibrations in the field. There is also an unexplained difference of about a factor of 10 between the PAS 1001i and PAS 2000 models used in this study. The PAS/Aethalometer ratio varies widely across studies, suggesting that both instruments have site-specific and/or source-specific responses. Nonetheless, for certain uses, such as identifying sources, determining indoor-outdoor relationships, mapping diurnal variation, identifying peaks, and measuring personal exposures, the PAS has important advantages.
Bacterial mutagenic evaluation of Luxabendazole, a new broad spectrum anthelmintic, with the <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> His<sup>−</sup> and the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Tryp<sup>−</sup> reversion tests (1996)

Luxabendazole is a new benzimidazole carbamate chemotherapeutic agent, which has proved to be effective against adult and immature stages of the major gastrointestinal nematodes, trematodes and cestodes. The mutagenic properties of Luxabendazole were investigated in the in vitro Ames Salmonella and E. coli tests. The product was tested at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, 500, 1250 and 2500 micrograms/plate in the TA1535, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, and 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 micrograms/plate in the WP2, WP2uvrA- and its pKM 101-containing derivative CM891 (WP2 uvrA- pKM101) strains of Escherichia coli, with and without S9 microsomal activation (post-mitochondrial liver fraction from Wistar rats pretreated with Aroclor(R)). Positive and negative controls were included in each experiment. From the present study it can be concluded that Luxabendazole, over a dose range of 0.5-2500 micrograms/plate, is unlikely to present a mutagenic hazard, as demonstrated by the Ames test.
Low voltage nonprimary explosive detonator (2023)

A low voltage, electrically actuated, nonprimary explosive detonator is disclosed wherein said detonation is achieved by means of an explosive train in which a deflagration-to-detonation transition is made to occur. The explosive train is confined within a cylindrical body and positioned adjacent to low voltage ignition means have electrical leads extending outwardly from the cylindrical confining body. Application of a low voltage current to the electrical leads ignites a self-sustained deflagration in a donor portion of the explosive train which then is made to undergo a transition to detonation further down the train.
Discrimination of rested from sleep-deprived EEG in awake normal humans by artificial neural network (1994)

The authors have found qualitative changes in the EEG of awake but sleep derived volunteers. These qualitative changes take the form of a shift to lower frequencies in relative amplitude of fast Fourier transformed EEG. The paper looks at how, using the backpropagation algorithm, a 3 layer neural network was trained to discriminate rested from sleep deprived EEG.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active control of instabilities for plasma processing with electronegative gases (2003)

Feedback stabilization of instabilities was demonstrated in inductively coupled electronegative plasmas by modulating the radio frequency power in response to a feedback control signal. Two modes were observed and stabilized: a fast bursting mode (designated 'B' mode) and a slower oscillatory mode (designated 'O' mode). 'B' mode is a low duty-cycle non-linear phenomenon characterized by short (<1 µs) spikes on optical signals, at a pulse repetition rate of 10–40 kHz. 'O' mode is characterized by continuous oscillations in ion saturation current at lower frequency (200 Hz–1 kHz). Some parameter ranges exhibit both modes. Fluctuations in similar processing plasmas and having similar characteristics have previously been observed and identified with instability due to electron attachment to the electronegative neutral gas species.