gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A practical stereospecific synthesis of the biotin precursor (3aα,6aα)-1,3-dibenzylhexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-one 1,1-dioxide (1985)

A highly efficient stereospecific synthesis of the biotin precursor (3aα,6aα)-1,3-dibenzylhexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-one 1,1-dioxide (6) is reported, by the cyclisation of the urea (5), which was obtained from the amine (4), (4) itself being prepared by the reaction of the dibromide (2) with benzylamine.
Double magnetic tunnel junctions with a switchable assistance layer for improved spin transfer torque magnetic memory performance (2021)

This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of a new concept of double magnetic tunnel junctions comprising a magnetically switchable assistance layer. These double junctions are used as memory cells in spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) devices. Their working principle, fabrication and electrical characterization are described and their performances are compared to those of reference devices without an assistance layer. We show that thanks to the assistance layer, the figure of merit of STT-MRAM cells can be increased by a factor of 4 as compared to that of STT-MRAM based on conventional stacks without the assistance layer. A detailed discussion of the results is given supported by numerical simulations. The simulations also provide guidelines on how to optimize the properties of the assistance layer to get the full benefit from this concept.
A novel MEMS pressure sensor fabricated on an optical fiber (2001)

We describe the fabrication, and initial testing of a novel optically interrogated, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor in which the entire MEMS structure is fabricated directly on an optical fiber A new micromachining process for use on a flat fiber end face that includes photolithographic patterning, wet etching of a cavity, and anodic bonding of a silicon diaphragm is utilized. We have employed both 200- and 400-μm-diameter multimode optical fibers. A pressure sensor fabricated on an optical fiber has been tested displaying an approximately linear response to static pressure (0-80 psi). This sensor is expected to find application in situations where small size is advantageous and where dense arrays may be useful.
On-line measurement of total sodium in liquid process streams by neutron activation analysis (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn-line measurement of total sodium in liquid process streams by neutron activation analysisKerry J. Kelly and A. J. KampCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 1, 5–8Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00238a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00238a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kramers-Kronig coherent receiver (2018)

We review the principles underpinning the Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver operation and its various implementations. These include direct-detection based schemes, where the information-carrying signal is transmitted along with a CW field that is necessary for the implementation of the KK algorithm, as well as other schemes, where the CW is added at the receiver, owing to the availability of a local oscillator. Polarization-multiplexing with the KK receiver will also be discussed. Finally, an up-to-date review of the experimental implementations of KK transceiver solutions will be presented.
Clinical isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> exhibit strain‐specific collagen binding mediated by Acm, a new member of the MSCRAMM family (2003)

A collagen-binding adhesin of Enterococcus faecium, Acm, was identified. Acm shows 62% similarity to the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin Cna over the entire protein and is more similar to Cna (60% and 75% similarity with Cna A and B domains respectively) than to the Enterococcus faecalis collagen-binding adhesin, Ace, which shares homology with Acm only in the A domain. Despite the detection of acm in 32 out of 32 E. faecium isolates, only 11 of these (all clinical isolates, including four vancomycin-resistant endocarditis isolates and seven other isolates) exhibited binding to collagen type I (CI). Although acm from three CI-binding vancomycin-resistant E. faecium clinical isolates showed 100% identity, analysis of acm genes and their promoter regions from six non-CI-binding strains identified deletions or mutations that introduced stop codons and/or IS elements within the gene or the promoter region in five out of six strains, suggesting that the presence of an intact functional acm gene is necessary for binding of E. faecium strains to CI. Recombinant Acm A domain showed specific and concentration-dependent binding to collagen, and this protein competed with E. faecium binding to immobilized CI. Consistent with the adherence phenotype and sequence data, probing with Acm-specific IgGs purified from anti-recombinant Acm A polyclonal rabbit serum confirmed the surface expression of Acm in three out of three collagen-binding clinical isolates of E. faecium tested, but in none of the strains with a non-functional pseudo acm gene. Introduction of a functional acm gene into two non-CI-binding natural acm mutant strains conferred a CI-binding phenotype, further confirming that native Acm is sufficient for the binding of E. faecium to CI. These results demonstrate that acm, which encodes a potential virulence factor, is functional only in certain infection-derived clinical isolates of E. faecium, and suggest that Acm is the primary adhesin responsible for the ability of E. faecium to bind collagen.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Copper(I) Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) for the Preparation of Conjugated Pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazole Pim Kinase Inhibitors. (2012)

Abstract New pyrrolocarbazole‐3‐carbaldehydes, substituted at the N‐10 position, are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit Pim kinases in vitro.
Analysis and Design of an 8.5-Gb/s/Link Multi-Drop Bus Using Energy-Equipartitioned Transmission Line Couplers (2015)

An 8.5-Gb/s/link non-contact multi-drop bus is presented. The signal reflections that limit the data rates of conventional multi-drop bus interfaces are dramatically reduced by using transmission line couplers at each signal branching point. As an energy-equipartitioned technique provides the same signal level to every port, wider receiver margin is achieved. The data rate is improved by 1.8 times compared to the most advanced multi-drop bus interface. The theoretical analysis and design techniques of energy-equipartitioned transmission line couplers are discussed in this paper. The design methodologies were verified through simulations performed by using a full-3D EM-simulator and experiments with FR4 test boards. Due to the low-cut characteristics of the couplers, the low-frequency components are cut off so that differentiated pulses arrive at the receiver input point. A receiver detects and recovers the received pulses by integrating them using hysteresis characteristics. The design techniques of the transceiver for the transmission line couplers are also discussed in this paper. The proposed methods were verified by using a test chip fabricated with a 90-nm CMOS process. Experiments with a prototype of an eight-drop multi-drop bus system confirmed at a data rate of 8.5-Gb/s/link. The measured timing margin at the far-end module was 0.49-UI at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . The power consumption of the transceiver was 75.6-mW at a supply voltage of 1.2-V.
Learning Digital Camera Pipeline for Extreme Low-Light Imaging (2019)

In low-light conditions, a conventional camera imaging pipeline produces sub-optimal images that are usually dark and noisy due to a low photon count and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We present a data-driven approach that learns the desired properties of well-exposed images and reflects them in images that are captured in extremely low ambient light environments, thereby significantly improving the visual quality of these low-light images. We propose a new loss function that exploits the characteristics of both pixel-wise and perceptual metrics, enabling our deep neural network to learn the camera processing pipeline to transform the short-exposure, low-light RAW sensor data to well-exposed sRGB images. The results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art according to psychophysical tests as well as pixel-wise standard metrics and recent learning-based perceptual image quality measures.
A Complex Zeolite Containing Multiple Ring Sizes in a Single Channel: One‐Dimensional Zeolite UZM‐55 (2018)

Zeolites are porous aluminosilicate materials utilized in a variety of sorption, separation, and catalytic applications. The oil refining industry in particular has seen a number of significant advances due to the introduction of new technologies enabled by new zeolites. Of particular importance are zeolites with 10- or 12-membered ring pores, resulting in pore shapes and sizes appropriate for the interaction with small hydrocarbon molecules. Here, the synthesis of a new zeolite UZM-55 is reported and the idealized structure thereof is presented. The most complex structure solved to date, UZM-55 possesses a large triclinic unit cell containing 52 T-sites. The material uniquely contains both 10- and 12-membered ring pores in a single, undulating one-dimensional channel, the first example in a zeolitic material of multiple delimiting rings in a single channel. This discovery opens new opportunities in shape-selective adsorption and catalysis. Demonstrated here is the unique adsorption behavior of UZM-55, shown both experimentally and computationally to adsorb one nonane molecule per unit cell in a linear conformation.
MOTH SEX ATTRACTANTS FOUND BY SYSTEMATIC FIELD TESTING OF 3-COMPONENT ACETATE-ALDEHYDE CANDIDATE LURES (1979)

Abstract Selected primary ( Z )-alkenals and ( Z )-alkenyl acetates (odd-numbered unsaturation positions, even-numbered carbon chains C 10 –C 16 ) were field tested in three groups for ability to attract male moths into traps. Within each group all possible combinations (1:1:1) of components were examined. From 441 combinations, consistent attractants for 47 species were found. In one case three components were required for attractancy, while in others two or one were minimally sufficient. Possible trapping inhibitors were revealed for most of the species taken. Of the captured species 44 were noctuids, two were tortricids, and one was a gelechiid.
Antagonistic activities of lactic acid bacteria in food and feed fermentations (1990)

Many factors contribute to a successful natural fermentation of carbohydrate-rich food and feed products. Metabolic activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a leading role. Their ability to rapidly produce copious amounts of acidic end products with a concomitant pH reduction is the major factor in these fermentations. Although their specific effects are difficult to quantitate, other LAB metabolic products such as hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl can also contribute to the overall antibiosis and preservative potential of these products. The contribution of bacteriocins is also difficult to evaluate. It is suggested that they may play a role in selecting the microflora which initiates the fermentation. Bacteriocins are believed to be important in the ability of LAB to compete in non-fermentative ecosystems such as the gastrointestinal tract. During the past few decades interest has arisen in the use of the varied antagonistic activities of LAB to extend the shelf-life of protein-rich products such as meats and fish. Recent findings indicate that the newly discovered Lactobacillus reuteri reuterin system may be used for this purpose.
Dual-bridge DC/DC converter with wide-range ZVS and zero circulating current (2009)

This paper presents a new DC/DC converter topology, which consists of two bridge inverters, a full-wave rectification circuit and a current-doubler output filter. Each inverter operates at 50% duty cycle and generates a symmetrical and isolated square output voltage. Phase-shift control is employed to control phase offset between the two bridge inverters. By shifting one bridge inverter's phase, the converter changes the two inverter output voltages' overlapping areas applying to the output filter to regulate its output voltage. One typical circuit configuration discussed in this paper is a dual half-bridge DC/DC converter. Each half-bridge inverter, like an open-loop Bus Converter, always operates at 50% duty cycle to achieve wide-range Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and maximum efficiency, while the converter itself operates in a phase-shifted ZVS full-bridge mode with zero circulating current. For low output voltage regulation and converter startup, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control is used. The topology can also optimally utilize magnetic components and reduces semiconductor stress. A 1KW 385V/48V dual half-bridge DC/DC converter was designed to validate the concept of this new topology. Test results show the topology can achieve 96+% efficiency and maintain soft switching over a wide load range.
(Invited) Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tunable Resistance Coatings Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

We describe the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanocomposite, tunable resistance coatings consisting of conducting, metallic nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous dielectric matrix. These films are comprised of M:Al 2 O 3 with M=Mo or W, and are prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using alternating exposures to trimethyl aluminum and H 2 O for the Al 2 O 3 ALD and alternating MF 6 /Si 2 H 6 exposures for the metal ALD. By varying the ratio of ALD cycles for the metal and the Al 2 O 3 components in the film, we can tune precisely the resistance of these coatings over a very broad range from 10 5 -10 12 Ohm.cm. These films exhibit ohmic behavior and resist breakdown even at high electric fields of 10 7 V/m. Moreover, the self-limiting nature of ALD allows us to grow these films inside of porous substrates and on complex 3D surfaces. As a result of these qualities, our nanocomposite films have proved exceptional as resistive coatings in microchannel plate electron multipliers and as charge drain coatings in electron-optical devices.
DCatch (2017)

In big data and cloud computing era, reliability of distributed systems is extremely important. Unfortunately, distributed concurrency bugs, referred to as DCbugs, widely exist. They hide in the large state space of distributed cloud systems and manifest non-deterministically depending on the timing of distributed computation and communication. Effective techniques to detect DCbugs are desired. This paper presents a pilot solution, DCatch, in the world of DCbug detection. DCatch predicts DCbugs by analyzing correct execution of distributed systems. To build DCatch, we design a set of happens-before rules that model a wide variety of communication and concurrency mechanisms in real-world distributed cloud systems. We then build runtime tracing and trace analysis tools to effectively identify concurrent conflicting memory accesses in these systems. Finally, we design tools to help prune false positives and trigger DCbugs. We have evaluated DCatch on four representative open-source distributed cloud systems, Cassandra, Hadoop MapReduce, HBase, and ZooKeeper. By monitoring correct execution of seven workloads on these systems, DCatch reports 32 DCbugs, with 20 of them being truly harmful.
Apiary: Easy-to-use Desktop Application Fault Containment on Commodity Operating Systems (2009)

Desktop computers are often compromised by the interaction of untrusted data and buggy software. To address this problem, we present Apiary, a system that provides transparent application fault containment while retaining the ease of use of a traditional integrated desktop environment. Apiary accomplishes this with three key mechanisms. It isolates applications in containers that integrate in a controlled manner at the display and file system. It introduces ephemeral containers that are quickly instantiated for single application execution and then removed, to prevent any exploit that occurs from persisting and to protect user privacy. It introduces the virtual layered file system to make instantiating containers fast and space efficient, and to make managing many containers no more complex than having a single traditional desktop. We have implemented Apiary on Linux without any application or operating system kernel changes. Our results from running real applications, known exploits, and a 24-person user study show that Apiary has modest performance overhead, is effective in limiting the damage from real vulnerabilities to enable quick recovery, and is as easy to use as a traditional desktop while improving desktop computer security and privacy.
Engineering the cell wall by reducing de-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan improves saccharification of plant tissues for bioconversion (2009)

Plant cell walls represent an abundant, renewable source of biofuel and other useful products. The major bottleneck for the industrial scale-up of their conversion to simple sugars (saccharification), to be subsequently converted by microorganisms into ethanol or other products, is their recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification. We investigated whether the structure of pectin that embeds the cellulose-hemicellulose network affects the exposure of cellulose to enzymes and consequently the process of saccharification. Reduction of de-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HGA) in Arabidopsis plants through the expression of a fungal polygalacturonase (PG) or an inhibitor of pectin methylesterase (PMEI) increased the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. The improved enzymatic saccharification efficiency observed in transformed plants could also reduce the need for acid pretreatment. Similar results were obtained in PG-expressing tobacco plants and in PMEI-expressing wheat plants, indicating that reduction of de-methyl-esterified HGA may be used in crop species to facilitate the process of biomass saccharification.
Induction of platelet cytotoxic functions by lymphokines: role of interferon-gamma. (1987)

Antigen- or mitogen-stimulated CD4+/CD- lymphocytes produced factors able to induce normal human platelets into cytotoxic effectors toward the young larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. The neutralization by monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody of the induction of the platelet killer effect, the presence of IFN-gamma in the CD4+/CD8- lymphocyte supernatant, and, finally, the direct inducer effect of recombinant IFN-gamma clearly demonstrated that IFN-gamma was one of the factors responsible for the induction of platelet cytotoxic functions.
Micro-Architectural Analysis of Time-Driven Cache Attacks: Quest for the Ideal Implementation (2013)

Time-driven attacks on the data cache are a lethal form of cryptanalytic attacks for block-ciphers implemented with look-up tables. The difference of means (DOM) observed in the execution time of a block cipher is often used as a distinguisher to glean information about the secret key. The root cause for the distinguisher to work has long been attributed to the number of cache-misses that occur during the encryption. In this paper, we show that micro-architectural acceleration features in cache memories that are used to reduce miss-penalty (such as pipelining, parallelism, out-of-order, and non-blocking memory accesses) contribute significantly to the leakage. We develop a framework to analyze the DOM distinguisher considering architectural as well as micro-architectural acceleration components in the cache memory. Our findings, which are experimentally verified, show that the two contributing leakage factors (namely the number of cache misses and the micro-architectural acceleration features) affect the DOM in opposite directions. One leakage source results in a positive DOM while the other causes a negative DOM. This opposing characteristic of the leakages makes it feasible to implement block ciphers in a way such that the two leakages cancel each other, thus leading to implementations with higher resistance against time-driven cache-attacks.
Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction (2001)

Objective To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) Design Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. Methods Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. Results We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT‐PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non‐target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. Conclusion The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic equine virus diseases in Australia.
Terrain slope and surface roughness studies using circularly polarized SAR backscatter (1998)

The authors use a new SAR technique for measurement of terrain slopes in the azimuthal (along-track) direction for correction of terrain slope-related polarimetric effects in SAR surface roughness, or soil moisture, inversion studies. A second goal is determination of the sensitivity of a circular polarization correlation function for the measurement of terrain slopes and surface roughness.