gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Edge‐endpoint‐based Configurable HardwareArchitecture for VLSI Layout Design Rule Checking (1999)

Previous efforts to build hardware accelerators for VLSI layout Design Rule Checking (DRC) were hobbled by the fact that it is often impractical to build a different rulechecking ASIC each time design rules or fabrication processes change. In this paper, we propose a configurable hardware approach to DRC. It can garner impressive speedups over software approaches, while retaining the flexibility needed to change the rule checker as rules or processes change. Our work proposes an edge‐endpoints‐based method for performing Manhattan geometry checking and a general scalable architecture for DRC. We then demonstrate our approach by applying this architecture to a set of design rules for MOSIS SCN4N_SUB process. We have implemented several design rule checks within a single Xilinx XC4013 FPGA and demonstrated overall speedups in excess of 25X over software methods. We have used a Compaq Pamette board to do the hardware prototyping and have achieved a clock rate of 33 MHz.
Attainment of submillimeter periods and a 0.3-T peak field in a novel micropole undulator device (1987)

A micropole undulator is defined here as an undulator with a very short (submillimeter) period and correspondingly shorter poles. The availability of micropole undulators is expected to profoundly affect the development of x-ray sources. For example, with such devices x-ray beams comparable to those from conventional undulators will be attainable on storage rings of much lower energy (and emittance) than those presently in use. X-ray instrumentation will also be affected, e.g., micropole undulators of sufficient length can provide extremely monochromatic outputs, obviating the need for expensive and complex ultrahigh vacuum monochromator systems. Here we describe the design and practical construction of a prototype 35 period micropole undulator whose total length is 2.54 cm. The device is of a novel hybrid/electromagnetic bias design. We also present results of field profile measurements along the central plane of the new device.
Aspects of Non-Identical Multiple Pulse Compression (2011)

Some radar systems utilize pulse agility to achieve higher range resolution or mitigate range ambiguities. However, transmitting different waveforms on a pulse-to-pulse basis can have deleterious effects when traditional pulse Doppler processing is employed. In this paper a non-adaptive technique, entitled Non-Identical Multiple Pulse Compression (NIMPC), is derived that facilitates pulse-agile clutter cancellation and is readily implementable via fast convolution techniques. The new method is extended to account for clutter Doppler spread as well as multiple range-ambiguous clutter intervals. NIMPC is assessed via simulation of a synthetic wideband pulse train.
Total Synthesis of Nominal Diazonamides-Part 1: Convergent Preparation of the Structure Proposed for (−)-Diazonamide A (2001)

Unable to bear the weight of scrutiny, the original structure proposed for (−)-diazonamide A (1) must be revised. A convergent, stereocontrolled total synthesis provided 1, which shows altered physical and spectroscopic characteristics relative to those of a sample of the natural product. Reinterpretation of reported data and new insight indicate that the actual structure of diazonamide A is the aminal-containing (S)-α-hydroxy isovaleric acid conjugate 2. Gratifyingly, a synthetic C11 acetal congener of 2 is, by all biological measures examined, similarly potent and functionally equivalent to the antimitotic natural product.
An Effective Hormonal Male Contraceptive Using Testosterone Undecanoate with Oral or Injectable Norethisterone Preparations (2002)

Suppression of spermatogenesis to azoospermia is the goal of hormonal male contraception based on T combined with gestagens. The combination of the long-acting T, ester testosterone undecanoate (TU), with norethisterone (NET) enanthate (E) showed high efficacy. In the present study, we tested the validity of this approach by varying the NET dose and mode of application. The aim of the study was to achieve high rates of suppression of spermatogenesis as reflected by sperm counts, monitor gonadotropins as well as other hormones, and evaluate any possible side effects. In a phase II clinical trial, groups of normal volunteers received: 1000 mg TU im at wk 2, 6, 12, and 18 combined with 200 mg NETE im at wk 0, 6, 12, and 18 (group I); 1000 mg TU im and 400 mg NETE im at wk 0, 6, 12, and 18 (group II); and 1000 mg TU im at wk 0, 6, 12, and 18 with daily oral NET acetate (NETA) from wk 0 to 24 (group III). In all groups marked suppression of gonadotropins resulted in a significant decrease of spermatogenesis and azoospermia in 13/14, 11/12, and 12/14 men in groups I to III, respectively. The remaining men all had less than 1 million sperm/ml. Reversible side effects included increase in body weight, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase in all groups and increase in liver enzymes in the oral NETA group. This study documents the high efficacy of TU in combination with NET and confirms that this dose and mode of application (1000 mg TU im every 6 wk plus 400 mg NETE im every 6 wk or plus 10 mg daily oral NETA) is as effective as the previously reported regimen containing 1000 mg TU + 200 mg NETE im every 6 wk. The contraceptive efficacy of this combination of TU and NETE should be evaluated in further clinical trials.
Comparative Analyses of Nonpathogenic, Opportunistic, and Totally Pathogenic Mycobacteria Reveal Genomic and Biochemical Variabilities and Highlight the Survival Attributes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2014)

The complete sequence analysis of Mycobacterium indicus pranii, a novel species of Mycobacterium shown earlier to have strong immunomodulatory properties and currently in use for the treatment of leprosy, places it evolutionarily at the point of transition to pathogenicity. With the purpose of establishing the importance of M. indicus pranii in providing insight into the virulence mechanism of tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria, we carried out comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of 44 mycobacterial species representing nonpathogenic (NP), opportunistic (OP), and totally pathogenic (TP) mycobacteria. Our results clearly placed M. indicus pranii as an ancestor of the M. avium complex. Analyses of comparative metabolic pathways between M. indicus pranii (NP), M. tuberculosis (TP), and M. intracellulare (OP) pointed to the presence of novel alternative pathways in M. tuberculosis with implications for pathogenesis and survival in the human host and identification of new drug targets.
Sector-based optic cup segmentation with intensity and blood vessel priors (2012)

The optic cup segmentation is critical for automated cup-to-disk ratio measurement, and hence computer-aided diagnosis of glaucoma. In this paper, we propose a novel sector-based method for optic cup segmentation. The method comprises two parts: intensity-based cup segmentation with shape constraints and blood vessel-based refinement. The initial estimation of the cup is obtained by applying a statistical deformable model on the vessel free image. At the same time, blood vessels within the optic disk are extracted, after which vessel bendings and vessel boundaries in the nasal side are located. Subsequently, these key points in the blood vessels are used to fine tune the cup. The algorithm is evaluated on 650 fundus images from the ORIGA(-light) database. Experimental results show that the Dice coefficient for the optic cup segmentation can be as high as 0.83, which outperforms other existing methods. The results demonstrate good potential for the proposed method to be used in automated optic cup segmentation and glaucoma diagnosis.
Immunomodulatory actions of lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2-based drugs (165.9) (2012)

Abstract Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments are associated with significant side-effects. We identified lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) as a target for abscisic acid, a naturally occurring compound with potent anti-inflammatory effects. The goal of this study was to determine the role of LANCL2 as a therapeutic target for developing novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Structure-based virtual screening was performed using a compound library from National Cancer Institute Diversity Set II. To validate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the top-ranking compound 61610, a series of in vitro and pre-clinical efficacy studies were performed using a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Our findings showed that oral administration of 61610 (20 mg/kg/day) ameliorated experimental colitis by down-modulating colonic inflammatory gene expression and favoring regulatory T cell responses. We also investigated the cell specificity and molecular targets underlying the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 61610. Our in vivo findings indicate that anti-inflammatory efficacy of 61610 depends on macrophage expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a receptor downstream of LANCL2. In summary, we used an integrated drug discovery platform consisting of molecular modeling approaches followed by experimental validation to confirm LANCL2 as a novel therapeutic target against IBD and demonstrated that 61610 is a novel anti-inflammatory drug.
A rotating and warping projector/backprojector for fan-beam and cone-beam iterative algorithm (1994)

A rotating-and-warping projector/backprojector is proposed for iterative algorithms used to reconstruct fan-beam and cone-beam single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data. The development of a new projector/backprojector for implementing attenuation, geometric point response, and scatter models is motivated by the need to reduce the computation time yet to preserve the fidelity of the corrected reconstruction. At each projection angle, the projector/backprojector first rotates the image volume so that the pixelized cube remains parallel to the detector, and then warps the image volume so that the fan-beam and cone-beam rays are converted into parallel rays. In the authors' implementation, these two steps are combined so that the interpolation of voxel values are performed only once. The projection operation is achieved by a simple weighted summation, and the backprojection operation is achieved by copying weighted projection array values to the image volume. An advantage of this projector/backprojector is that the system point response function can be deconvolved via the Fast Fourier Transform using the shift-invariant property of the point response when the voxel-to-detector distance is constant. The fan-beam and cone-beam rotating-and-warping projector/backprojector is applied to SPECT data showing improved resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Error-correcting codes for rank modulation (2008)

We investigate error-correcting codes for a novel storage technology for flash memories, the rank-modulation scheme. In this scheme, a set of n cells stores information in the permutation induced by the different charge levels of the individual cells. The resulting scheme eliminates the need for discrete cell levels, overcomes overshoot errors when programming cells (a serious problem that reduces the writing speed), and mitigates the problem of asymmetric errors. In this paper, we study the properties of error correction in rank modulation codes. We show that the adjacency graph of permutations is a subgraph of a multi-dimensional array of a special size, a property that enables code designs based on Lee-metric codes. We present a one-error-correcting code whose size is at least half of the optimal size. We also present additional error-correcting codes and some related bounds.
Metrology and characterization of application specific chemical mechanical polishing pads (2005)

There is a need for metrology, characterization, and optimization of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) pad architecture before being put into service. A polishing pad which is made up of polyolefin material instead of conventional polyurethane has been developed. The surface of the pad has been modified to match the hardness of the surface of the material that is being polished. In this research, we coated the pad with tetraethylorthosilicate using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for varying durations of time for optimum pad output. The pad was then extensively characterized using the several standard metrology techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nanoindentation, etc. The CMP performance evaluation of all the candidate pads along with in situ measurement of dynamic coefficients of friction, material removal rate, and acoustic emission was done using CETR CP-4™ bench top CMP tester. There was a correlation and interdependence of the pad coating time and surface chemical, micromechanical, and tribological properties. However, their impact on the pad CMP performance was found to be indirect. Based upon these findings, suggestions were given for final pad architecture for commercialization. The demonstrated methodology can also be implemented for parametric optimization of novel polishing pads in the future.
Texture Change during Grain Growth in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel (2013)

Texture change during grain growth in Fe-3%Si non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. Cold rolled steel, 0.35mm in thickness, was annealed and recrystallized as an initial structure. Normal grain growth and abnormal grain growth occurred by additional annealing. {111} was dominant in the initial texture. However {100} component, which was not in majority in the initial structure, became stronger after normal grain growth. It was revealed that an average grain size of {100} in the initial structure was bigger than those of other components by analysis of the EBSD data,. Therefore, it is concluded that {100} strengthened after normal grain growth due to its size advantage. On the other hand, {111} components became more stronger after abnormal grain growth. It is inferred that another mechanism of the texture change worked in abnormal grain growth.
Cleavage of a hydrophilic C-terminal domain increases growth-inhibitory activity of oncostatin M. (1990)

Oncostatin M is a polypeptide cytokine, produced by normal and malignant hematopoietic cells, that has several in vitro activities, including the ability to inhibit growth of cultured carcinoma cells. Here we present a structural and functional comparison of two oncostatin M-related proteins (Mr 36,000 and 32,000) secreted by COS cells transfected with oncostatin M cDNA. The smaller of these forms lacked a hydrophilic C-terminal domain comprising predominantly basic amino acids. This domain was also absent from native oncostatin M produced by U937 cells. The 32,000-Mr form of oncostatin M was not produced by cells transfected with plasmids (G195 and G196) in which a potential trypsinlike cleavage site within the hydrophilic C-terminal domain was altered by site-directed mutagenesis. A 32,000-Mr fragment was produced by trypsin treatment of the 36,000-Mr form of oncostatin M. These observations suggest that the 32,000-Mr form of oncostatin M was derived from the 227-amino-acid propeptide by proteolytic cleavage at or near the paired basic residues at positions 195 and 196. Pro-oncostatin M was equally active in radioreceptor assays as the processed form but was 5- to 60-fold less active in growth inhibition assays. Likewise, nonprocessed mutant protein encoded by plasmid G196 was equally active in the radioreceptor assays as the processed form but was five- to ninefold less active in growth inhibition assays. Thus, the highly charged C-terminal domain of pro-oncostatin M is not required for receptor binding or growth-inhibitory activity but may alter the functional properties of the molecule. Propeptide processing of oncostatin M may be important for regulating in vivo activities of this cytokine.
On Improving Impedance Probe Plasma Potential Measurements (2014)

Abstract : In earlier works we used spheres of various sizes as impedance probes in demonstrating a method of determining plasma potential, p, when the probe radius is much larger than the Debye length, D. The basis of the method in those works 1-4 relies on applying a small amplitude signal of fixed frequency to a probe in a plasma and measuring the complex reflection coefficient, , for varying probe bias, Vb. For a given frequency, Re(Zac) (the real part of the complex plasma impedance determined from ) is plotted versus Vb , and a minimum predicted by theory occurs at p for a large range of electron density, ne 3. However, the frequency range of the applied signal is restricted as we briefly review in this paper. As ne decreases, or the sheath grows to the order of the probe radius, the frequency range becomes even more restrictive and, in addition, the minimum in Re(Zac) in experimental data at Vb = p becomes difficult to discern.
A New Cased-Hole Porosity Measurement for a Four-Detector Pulsed-Neutron Logging Tool (2019)

Abstract A new cased-hole porosity measurement has been developed for a four-detector pulsed-neutron logging tool. The measurement is based on a capture count rate ratio from two different detectors. To determine an accurate porosity, the ratio is characterized in the laboratory in order to establish a ratio-to-porosity transform. To account for varying measurement conditions in the field, environmental corrections, based on laboratory studies and computer simulation, are applied. As an alternative to environmental corrections, the capture ratio can also be actively compensated for the environment by using the results of a dual-exponential fit to the capture time decay spectrum. In particular, we can compensate for the borehole fluid salinity by using the borehole component of the dual-exponential fit, and we can compensate for the effective density of the borehole environment by using an inelastic ratio derived from the capture subtracted burst yields. The final porosity measurement has been shown to provide accurate results in the field through a comparison with data from open-hole logs.
PO-394 Performance of a targeted T cell receptor beta immune repertoire sequencing panel in several FFPE tissue types – a tool for interrogation of the tumour microenvironment (2018)

Introduction T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) immune repertoire analysis by next-generation sequencing is a valuable tool for research studies of the tumour microenvironment and potential immune responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here we describe a TCRβ sequencing assay that leverages the low sample input requirements of AmpliSeq library preparation technology to extend the capability of targeted immune repertoire sequencing to include FFPE samples which can often be degraded and in short supply. Material and methods This assay targets the highly diverse CDR3 region which allows for T cell clone identification and frequency measurement which, when combined, can provide a broad view of the immune landscape within tissue samples. The assay allows for functionality with either RNA or DNA input, with little modification of the library construction workflow, as well as flexibility in sequencing throughput and sample multiplexing capability. Results and discussions To evaluate assay accuracy, we sequenced libraries including known amounts of 30 well-studied T cell lymphoma rearrangements, as well as evaluation of samples comprised of known numbers of sorted T cells to ensure the absence of false rearrangement reporting. T cell repertoires were evaluated from as low as 5 ng to as large as 1 ug of input from samples of varying repertoire diversity, such as sorted T cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, fresh-frozen tissue, and FFPE tissue from a variety of normal and cancerous tissues such as lung, colon, brain, spleen, lymph node, and thymus. In parallel, we have developed a low input qPCR assay, based on known T cell markers, which allows for a quantitative measure of the T cell content across all sample types applicable to the TCRβ sequencing assay. This sample quantification test acts to guide optimal sample input ranges for library construction and required sequencing depth. Finally, we present the CDR3 TCRβ sequencing assay including a dual barcoding approach to extend sensitivity for detection of rare clones. Conclusion These data present a T cell immune repertoire sequencing solution for application in a wide range of sample types, in particular, challenging FFPE samples. We find that the assay is capable of profiling repertoire metrics from FFPE samples over a large range of input amounts from several normal and tumour tissue types. In addition, we demonstrate use of a qPCR assay for quantification of sample T cell content to guide sample input for TCRβ immune repertoire sequencing experiments.
A bifunctional curcumin analogue for two-photon imaging and inhibiting crosslinking of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (2014)

In this report, we designed a highly bright bifunctional curcumin analogue CRANAD-28. In vivo two-photon imaging suggested that CRANAD-28 could penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and label plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathies (CAAs). We also demonstrated that this imaging probe could inhibit the crosslinking of amyloid beta induced either by copper or by natural conditions.
Temperature switchable polymer dielectrics. (2010)

Materials with switchable states are desirable in many areas of science and technology. The ability to thermally transform a dielectric material to a conductive state should allow for the creation of electronics with built-in safety features. Specifically, the non-desirable build-up and discharge of electricity in the event of a fire or over-heating would be averted by utilizing thermo-switchable dielectrics in the capacitors of electrical devices (preventing the capacitors from charging at elevated temperatures). We have designed a series of polymers that effectively switch from a non-conductive to a conductive state. The thermal transition is governed by the stability of the leaving group after it leaves as a free entity. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of a series of precursor polymers that eliminate to form poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV's).
Growth, spectroscopy, and lasing of titanium-doped sapphire (1985)

The growth, spectroscopy, and lasing of titanium-doped sapphire are discussed. Particular attention is given to the problems of achieving high-quality laser material and to the identification and elimination of defects that currently limit Ti:Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> laser performance.
Consumption of Fruitflow<sup>®</sup> lowers blood pressure in pre-hypertensive males: a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, cross-over study (2017)

In order to investigate whether the angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory tomato extract Fruitflow<sup>®</sup> would lower blood pressure after consumption, we conducted a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled human intervention study, involving 12 pre-hypertensive people in a crossover design. Consuming a single dose of 150 mg Fruitflow<sup>®</sup> resulted in a significant reduction in 24-hour average blood pressure as well as average wake-period and sleep-period SBP, compared to placebo. Other parameters related to blood pressure, such as 24-hour average mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, central aortic systolic pressure and radial augmentation index were also reduced. In addition, the platelet aggregation response to ADP, measured 24 hours after consuming Fruitflow<sup>®</sup>, fell significantly compared to baseline, and compared to placebo. This pilot study clearly shows the beneficial effects of Fruitflow<sup>®</sup> on two important cardiovascular risk factors, high blood pressure and platelet hyperactivity.