gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A biomimetic adaptive algorithm and low-power architecture for implantable neural decoders (2009)

Algorithmically and energetically efficient computational architectures that operate in real time are essential for clinically useful neural prosthetic devices. Such devices decode raw neural data to obtain direct control signals for external devices. They can also perform data compression and vastly reduce the bandwidth and consequently power expended in wireless transmission of raw data from implantable brain-machine interfaces. We describe a biomimetic algorithm and micropower analog circuit architecture for decoding neural cell ensemble signals. The decoding algorithm implements a continuous-time artificial neural network, using a bank of adaptive linear filters with kernels that emulate synaptic dynamics. The filters transform neural signal inputs into control-parameter outputs, and can be tuned automatically in an on-line learning process. We provide experimental validation of our system using neural data from thalamic head-direction cells in an awake behaving rat.
Azimuth and range scaling for SAR and ScanSAR processing (2002)

Presents new range and azimuth scaling functions which can be introduced into the processing of SAR and ScanSAR data for automatic geometric scaling in range and azimuth directions. These new phase functions have been implemented into the extended chirp scaling algorithm for air- and spaceborne SAR data processing. Several examples using the scaling functions are presented and results of the data processing are shown to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms.
Pathways of the Chemical Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Ionic Liquids and Amines in Ionic Liquid Solution (2015)

This paper focuses specifically on certain ionic liquids that are capable of acting as chemisorbents for CO2 at ambient pressure and temperature. This low-pressure approach based on chemical reactivity is more effective than traditional physical absorption/solubility approaches for CO2 capture in ionic liquids for higher pressure carbon capture. We describe a class of imidazolium ionic liquids bearing a relatively acidic hydrogen atom at C-2, which upon initial abstraction develops a nucleophilic carbon atom that is carboxylated by CO2. Basicity of the anion plays a role in the ability to remove the acidic hydrogen to generate the nucleophilic carbon. The yield of carboxylated ionic liquid is not affected by non-aqueous co-solvents but changes as a function of the CO2 partial pressure, solution temperature, and presence of H2O in solution. CO2 chemisorption by ionic liquids is particularly efficient in the presence of a non-nucleophilic nitrogenous base that serves to promote ionic liquid carboxylation and stabilize the carboxylic acid product as a salt. Selected ionic liquids are able to stabilize the formation of amine carbamic acids in the ionic liquid solution. In this case, each amine captures up to 1 CO2 molecule, which is beneficial for the overall CO2 capacity in the solution. Carboxylation of the ionic liquids themselves is lower because the basic anion of the ionic liquid also stabilizes N-carboxylated products. In situ 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using a built-in micro reactor was used to provide real-time insights on CO2–ionic liquid and CO2–amine reaction pathways and product speciation under various conditions.
Reducing Shrinkage Stress of Dimethacrylate Networks by Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (2011)

Abstract The trithiocarbonate 1a reduces the volumetric shrinkage stress in crosslinked multi(meth)acrylate networks by promoting a reversible, free‐radical‐mediated network rearrangement that enables network adaptation and stress relaxation. Addition of 1a or 1b into a dimethacrylate system is examined by FT‐IR. The polymerization rate is reduced in samples containing 1a , indicating a changed polymerization mechanism. The volumetric shrinkage stress is reduced by more than 50% compared to a pure dimethacrylate system with the addition of as little as 2 wt% of 1a , while maintaining the favorable mechanical properties of the methacrylate‐crosslinked networks. No synthetic modification of the methacrylate monomer units is needed, allowing for adaptation to almost any radically polymerized system.
Advances in Microcavity Discharge Thruster Technology (2010)

Recent advances in the effort to demonstrate the propulsion capabilities of a microcavity discharge (MCD) thruster are discussed. The MCD thruster is being developed primarily through an experimental effort with support from computational modeling, and predicts an ultimate performance of 1 mN of thrust per cavity, a thrust efficiency exceeding 60%, and an argon specific impulse of 150 seconds. Because the MCD thruster has low specific mass and is scalable over a large number of cavities, successful implementation would ultimately result in an advanced propulsion system useful for primary (orbit transfer, maneuvering) and secondary (attitude, position and acceleration control) applications for a wide range of satellites. Experimental measurements are taken with MCD thrusters designed and fabricated according to parameters suggested by computational simulations. These measurements determine the stagnation temperature, from which specific impulse, thrust efficiency, heat loss and micronozzle efficiencies can be derived. Since the extremely small dimensions of the MCD thruster and fast oscillatory phenomena associated with AC excitation make experimental diagnostics of the device very difficult, a detailed first-principles computational model provides time-accurate solutions of the multi-species, multi-temperature, self-consistent plasma governing equations for discharge physics, coupled to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations for the bulk fluid flow through the MCD thruster. The computation employs a hybrid unstructured computational mesh for the MCD thruster geometry that represents both the solid dielectric structure that confines the flow and a separate mesh for the plasma and flow fields.
Motion-Extended Array Synthesis—Part III: An Offset Imaging System Perspective (2017)

Motion-extended array synthesis (MXAS) is a concept for the realization of a 1-D or 2-D synthetic array, accomplished specifically without recourse to a reference waveform. The essential idea is that the relative motion between a minimum of two collection platforms with different velocity vectors can be exploited to create a virtual array, the size of the virtual array being the space swept out by the relative motion of the collectors. From fundamental imaging theory, the process is properly described as an offset imaging system (OIS) for which the range of baselines engendered is similar to that for a real aperture of the same size, but is offset by some potentially very large distance. For a far-field scenario, this may be equivalently described in terms of spatial frequencies, with the real and virtual imaging systems differing by the presence (in the latter) of an offset spatial frequency. We show that the MXAS construct is properly understood as an OIS, the MXAS processing method yields a form of the principal solution for an OIS, and the MXAS method is advantageous relative to conventional aperture synthesis processing measures, for an OIS. We consider imaging performance implications due to the offset nature of the imaging system, for spatially coherent and incoherent scenarios, and conclude that for many applications of interest, the process introduces no appreciable degradation.
Directional Mobility and Adhesion of Water Drops on Patterned Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2011)

Abstract Directional mobility and controlled adhesion of water drops were obtained on superhydrophobic paper surfaces by generating high surface energy ink patterns using commercial desktop printing. By changing the curvature/shapes of the ink patterns, geometrical constraints were imposed on the movement of the three-phase liquid/solid/vapor contact line. With proper design of pattern shapes, the critical sliding angle of water drops was manipulated with respect to different directions. Adhesion tunability of water drops on superhydrophobic paper was established by design of chemical heterogeneity. Printing of 'checker' ink patterns with appropriate area fraction and feature dimensions allowed variation in the critical sliding angle of water drops. The manipulation of directional mobility and adhesion of water drops on superhydrophobic paper surfaces allows the design of novel components such as 2D flow paths, gates/diodes, junctions and drop size filters for emerging 2D paper-based microfluidics technology for biomedical diagnostic applications. Keywords: DIRECTIONALMOBILITYADHESIONSUPERHYDROPHOBICPAPERPLASMAETCHINGLAB-ON-PAPER2D MICROFLUIDICS
Radioluminescent nanophosphors enable multiplexed small-animal imaging (2012)

We demonstrate the ability to image multiple nanoparticle-based contrast agents simultaneously using a nanophosphor platform excited by either radiopharmaceutical or X-ray irradiation. These radioluminescent nanoparticles emit optical light at unique wavelengths depending on their lanthanide dopant, enabling multiplexed imaging. This study demonstrates the separation of two distinct nanophosphor contrast agents in gelatin phantoms with a recovered phosphor separation correlation of -0.98. The ability to distinguish the two nanophosphors and a Cerenkov component is then demonstrated in a small animal phantom. Combined with the high-resolution potential of low-scattering X-ray excitation, this imaging technique may be a promising method to probe molecular processes in living organisms.
Learning Compositional Neural Information Fusion for Human Parsing (2020)

This work proposes to combine neural networks with the compositional hierarchy of human bodies for efficient and complete human parsing. We formulate the approach as a neural information fusion framework. Our model assembles the information from three inference processes over the hierarchy: direct inference (directly predicting each part of a human body using image information), bottom-up inference (assembling knowledge from constituent parts), and top-down inference (leveraging context from parent nodes). The bottom-up and top-down inferences explicitly model the compositional and decompositional relations in human bodies, respectively. In addition, the fusion of multi-source information is conditioned on the inputs, i.e., by estimating and considering the confidence of the sources. The whole model is end-to-end differentiable, explicitly modeling information flows and structures. Our approach is extensively evaluated on four popular datasets, outperforming the state-of-the-arts in all cases, with a fast processing speed of 23fps. Our code and results have been released to help ease future research in this direction.
Dislocation reduction in GaN films through selective island growth of InGaN (2000)

Dislocation reduction in GaN films grown on sapphire and silicon substrates was achieved by inserting thin InGaN layers grown in a selective island growth mode after partial passivation of the GaN surface with a submonolayer of silicon nitride. We show that this technique is most effective at reducing the pure edge dislocation density when it is high (i.e., &gt;1010 cm−2) and less when the density is in the 108–109 cm−2 range. Thus, the structural quality of typically highly dislocated GaN on silicon films could be significantly improved, visible in a reduction of the (0002) full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 1300 arcsec for ordinary GaN on silicon to 800 arcsec for GaN films with silicon nitride/InGaN interlayers. In the case of GaN layers grown on sapphire (dislocation density ∼109 cm−2), the method resulted mainly in a reduction of the FWHM of the (101̄2) and (202̄1) diffraction peaks.
Performance trade-offs in dynamic time warping algorithms for isolated word recognition (1979)

The technique of dynamic programming for time registration of a reference and a test utterance has found widespread use in the area of discrete word recognition. Recently a number of variations on the basic time warping algorithms have been proposed by Sakoe and Chiba, and Rabiner, Rosenberg, and Levinson. These algorithms all assume the test input is an isolated word whose endpoints are known (at least approximately). The major difference in the methods are the global path constraints (i.e., the region of possible paths), the local continuity constraints on the path, and the distance weighting and normalization used to give the overall minimum distance. The purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of such variations on the performance of different algorithms for a realistic speech data base. The performance index is based on speed of operation, memory requirements, and recognition accuracy of the algorithm. Preliminary results indicate, in most cases, only small differences in performance among the various methods.
Instruction-based system-level power evaluation of system-on-a-chip peripheral cores (2000)

Various system-level core-based power evaluation approaches for core types like microprocessors, caches, main memories, and buses, have been proposed in the past. Approaches for other types of components have been based either on the gate-level, register-transfer level, or behavioral-level. We propose a new technique, suitable for a variety of cores like peripheral cores, that is the first to combine gate-level power data with a system-level simulation model written in C++ or Java. For that purpose, we investigated peripheral cores and decomposed their functionality into so-called instructions. Our technique addresses a core-based system design paradigm. We show that our technique is sufficiently accurate for making power-related system-level design decisions, and that its computation time is orders of magnitude smaller than lower-level simulation approaches.
Development and evaluation of 3D knitted fabrics to protect against mechanical risk (2018)

In this research, eight different 3D weft-knitted fabrics were developed and evaluated. 3D fabrics have been knitted on circular weft-knitting machines with two different gauges: 20E gauge and 28E gauge. Three different raw materials were used for the fabric’s production: high molecular mass polyethylene (HPPE) yarn and 0.05 mm diameter steel wire in the outer layers (for the front and reverse) and polyamide yarn in the binding layer. The experiments were conducted on the developed 3D knitted fabrics to determine the fabric’s resistance to mechanical risks such as circular blade cut, puncture, abrasion, and also to evaluate the comfort parameter, such as air permeability. It was defined that 3D weft-knitted fabrics best results on tests: circular blade cut, puncture and abrasion resistant were achieved using HPPE yarn twisted with steel wire, higher mass per unit area with more significant amount of steel wire. According to the standard EN 388:2003, three samples of developed 3D weft-knitted fabrics had the highest 5th blade cut and the highest (4th) abrasion resistance level. All of them had the highest (4th) level of puncture resistance. 3D fabrics knitted on a circular weft-knitting machine of gauge 28E ensured 1.3–2.1 times greater blade cut and 4.9–12.1 times greater abrasion resistance result, than fabrics knitted on gauge 20E, due to a higher stitch density, higher mass per unit area, density and fabric’s thickness. But on the other hand, these parameters lowered air permeability by 20.2–43.0%.
The DNA Methylation Machinery as a Therapeutic Target (2000)

Pharmacology and therapeutics have traditionally focused on altering the activity of specific proteins that play an important physiological role either to counteract disease processes or to achieve changes in physiology that are of benefit to the patient. The explosion in our understanding of gene expression programs opens up new horizons for pharmacological intervention. Key processes reversibly controlling genetic programs are attractive drug targets. DNA methylation is a fundamental feature of genomes and the control of their function and is therefore a candidate for pharmacological manipulation that might have important therapeutic advantage. This review argues that DNA methylation plays an important role in the control of genomic processes, suggests how the DNA methylation machinery is involved in cancer, identifies the enzymatic processes that are a target for drug intervention, proposes potential therapeutic utilities for agents that manipulate the DNA methylation machinery and discusses novel drugs that target the DNA methylation machinery.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Mullite Cordierite Composite Powders by the Sol‐Gel Method: Its Characteristics and Sintering. (1990)

Abstract Mullite (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2 SiO2)/cordierite (2 MgO·2 Al 2 O 3 ·5 SiO 2 ) composite powders containing up to 60 wt.% cordierite (M/C 60) are prepared by the sol‐gel process using boehmite, colloidal silica, and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 as starting materials.
<title>Display system architectures for digital micromirror device (DMD)-based projectors</title> (1996)

The Digital Micromirror Device (DMD<SUP>TM</SUP>) developed by Texas Instruments is a highly useful Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Structures (MOEMS) device that enables high quality projection display. Acting as a semiconductor light switch, the DMD can modulate incident light to produce truly digital projection display systems. Illumination and projection optics are described for three fundamental display system architectures based on the DMD light modulator. These systems include one, two, and three DMD configurations all producing full color image projection. The single device configuration implemented with a rotating color filter system represents the least system hardware while providing the capability of full color and a high brightness monochromatic mode. A two device configuration using a rotating color filter combined with a secondary color splitting filter is of particular interest when using a light source that is spectrally imbalanced. The two device configuration is also capable of a high brightness monochromatic mode of operation. The three device configuration is the most efficient with respect to light throughput considerations providing the highest brightness full color projection with the DMD light modulators. Comparisons of system performance characteristics are described indicating the features of each configuration.
MATIC—An Intracardiac Tachycardia Classification System (1992)

The use of an additional atrial sensing electrode together with a morphology recognition algorithm provides a significant improvement in classification performance over the current rate based algorithms used in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) devices. The classification system, called morphology and timing intracardiac classifier (MATIC), follows a classification process similar to that used by cardiologists. Timing between the atrial and ventricular channels is examined using a decision tree and forms the primary criterion for arrhythmia classification. A neural network based morphology classifier is used for cases such as ventricular tachycardia with 1:1 retrograde conduction where timing alone cannot make a reliable decision. MATIC achieves 99.6% correct classification on a database of intracardiac electrogram (ICEG) signals containing 12,483 QRS complexes recorded from 67 patients during electrophysiological studies. Arrhythmias in this database include sinus tachycardia, normal sinus rhythm, normal sinus rhythm with bundle branch block, sinus tachycardia with bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation (AF), various supraventricular tachycardias, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia with 1:1 retrograde conduction, and ventricular fibrillation. Within these arrhythmias, there were numerous ventricular ectopic beats, fusion beats, noise, and other artifacts. MATIC addresses the classification problem from start to finish, inputs being raw intracardiac electrogram signals and the outputs being the recommended ICD therapy. Results achieved with MATIC were compared with a classifier used in the Telectronics Guardian ATP 4210, which achieved 75.9% correct classification on the same database. MATIC is simple and efficient, making it suitable for use in a low power implantable device.
Highly Porous Magnesium Alloy Structures and Their Properties Regarding Degradable Implant Application (2013)

Magnesium alloys offer excellent properties with regard to application as degradable implant. For bone implants, it is often desirable to use porous materials. However, the preparation of high‐porosity magnesium implants has been difficult so far. The present study uses melt extracted magnesium fibers as the starting material for the sintering of highly porous magnesium bodies, i.e., from alloys MgY4 (W4) and MgY2Zn1CaMn (WZ21). Single short fibers of these alloys with an equivalent diameter between 100 and 250 µm and a length of 4–8 mm are manufactured by melt extraction. Thermodynamic calculations are used to determine the best conditions for liquid phase sintering of these Mg alloys. As no organic or other substances are needed in the process, it is possible to obtain high‐purity, high‐porosity (up to 75%) bodies with exclusively open porosity. Metallographic studies as well as mechanical and corrosion testing experiments complete this work.
Glucoraphanin and 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin Contents in Seeds of 59 Cultivars of Broccoli, Raab, Kohlrabi, Radish, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Kale, and Cabbage (2004)

The importance of dietary sulforaphane in helping maintain good health continues to gain support within the health-care community and awareness among U.S. consumers. In addition to the traditional avenue for obtaining sulforaphane, namely, the consumption of appropriate cruciferous vegetables, other consumer products containing added glucoraphanin, the natural precursor to sulforaphane, are now appearing in the United States. Crucifer seeds are a likely source for obtaining glucoraphanin, owing to a higher concentration of glucoraphanin and the relative ease of processing seeds as compared to vegetative parts. Seeds of several commonly consumed crucifers were analyzed not only for glucoraphanin but also for components that might have negative health implications, such as certain indole-containing glucosinolates and erucic acid-containing lipids. Glucoraphanin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, other glucosinolates, and lipid erucic acid were quantified in seeds of 33 commercially available cultivars of broccoli, 4 cultivars each of kohlrabi, radish, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale, and cabbage, and 2 cultivars of raab.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over VO<sub>x</sub>/CaO–γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> using lattice oxygen (2016)

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane to propylene is studied using a new vanadium catalyst supported on CaO–γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> under a gas phase oxygen free atmosphere.