gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Cantilever Cracked Beams Subjected to Follower Forces (2014)

摘要： 基于Adomian修正分解法研究悬臂裂纹梁的稳定性，悬臂梁的自由端具有弹簧支承和轴向随从力。将梁的裂纹模拟为无质量的等效扭转弹簧。通过Adomian修正分解法可以把裂纹梁的特征微分方程转换成递归代数公式，利用边界条件和裂纹位置的连续性条件推导得到该裂纹梁的量纲一固有频率及相应的振形函数解析表达式。通过与前人的计算结果比较，验证了所提方法的有效性。讨论裂纹位置和深度对颤振或屈服失稳的临界随从力的影响。讨论不同失稳形式时裂纹梁支承的临界弹簧刚度。数值计算结果表明，当裂纹位于悬臂梁固定端附近时，对梁的固有频率影响最大。研究还表明裂纹的存在有可能提高梁的稳定性。
Yin and Yang: Balancing and Answering Binary Visual Questions (2015)

The complex compositional structure of language makes problems at the intersection of vision and language challenging. But language also provides a strong prior that can result in good superficial performance, without the underlying models truly understanding the visual content. This can hinder progress in pushing state of art in the computer vision aspects of multi-modal AI. In this paper, we address binary Visual Question Answering (VQA) on abstract scenes. We formulate this problem as visual verification of concepts inquired in the questions. Specifically, we convert the question to a tuple that concisely summarizes the visual concept to be detected in the image. If the concept can be found in the image, the answer to the question is "yes", and otherwise "no". Abstract scenes play two roles (1) They allow us to focus on the high-level semantics of the VQA task as opposed to the low-level recognition problems, and perhaps more importantly, (2) They provide us the modality to balance the dataset such that language priors are controlled, and the role of vision is essential. In particular, we collect fine-grained pairs of scenes for every question, such that the answer to the question is "yes" for one scene, and "no" for the other for the exact same question. Indeed, language priors alone do not perform better than chance on our balanced dataset. Moreover, our proposed approach matches the performance of a state-of-the-art VQA approach on the unbalanced dataset, and outperforms it on the balanced dataset.
Atomic origin of high-temperature electron trapping in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices (2015)

MOSFETs based on wide-band-gap semiconductors are suitable for operation at high temperature, at which additional atomic-scale processes that are benign at lower temperatures can get activated, resulting in device degradation. Recently, significant enhancement of electron trapping was observed under positive bias in SiC MOSFETs at temperatures higher than 150 °C. Here, we report first-principles calculations showing that the enhanced electron trapping is associated with thermally activated capturing of a second electron by an oxygen vacancy in SiO2 by which the vacancy transforms into a structure that comprises one Si dangling bond and a bond between a five-fold and a four-fold Si atoms. The results suggest a key role of oxygen vacancies and their structural reconfigurations in the reliability of high-temperature MOS devices.
Optimization of an ion-to-photon detector for large molecules in mass spectrometry (1999)

Ion packets can be detected in time-of-flight mass spectrometry by collecting the photons that are produced during the impact of the packets with a scintillator. The photon yield is a function of the ion energy. It was found that post-acceleration of the particles in front of the scintillator was an efficient way of increasing signal intensities. For the same total ion energy, the intensities were larger with post-acceleration than when only increasing the initial ion kinetic energy. A venetian blind dynode, converting the primary ion beam into electrons/secondary ions, was also introduced. Positive or negative secondary particles produced on the dynode surface could be accelerated to the scintillator. Electrons were found to give the highest signals. Intensities similar to those measured with microchannel plates were found. The linearity and onset of saturation of the microchannel plates and the ion-to-photon detector were compared. At optimum operating conditions, the ion-to-photon detector gave around 10 times higher signals than the microchannel plates for heavy ions (150 kDa), with similar mass resolution. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Throughput, Lysis-free Screening for Sulfatase Activity Using <i>Escherichia coli</i> Autodisplay in Microdroplets (2018)

Abstract Directed evolution of enzymes toward improved catalytic performance has become a powerful tool in protein engineering. To be effective, a directed evolution campaign requires the use of high-throughput screening. In this study we describe the development of a high-throughput lysis-free procedure to screen for improved sulfatase activity by combining microdroplet-based single-variant activity sorting with E. coli autodisplay. For the first step in a 4-step screening procedure we quantitatively screened >10 5 variants of the homodimeric arylsulfatase from Silicibacter pomeroyi ( Sp AS1), displayed on the E. coli cell surface, for improved sulfatase activity using fluorescence activated droplet sorting. Display of the sulfatase variants on living E. coli cells ensured the continuous linkage of genotype and phenotype during droplet sorting and allowed for direct recovery by simple regrowth of the sorted cells. The use of autodisplay on living cells simplified and reduced the degree of liquid handling during all steps in the screening procedure to the single event of simply mixing substrate and cells. The percentage of apparent improved variants was enriched >10-fold as a result of droplet sorting. We ultimately identified 25 Sp AS1-variants with improved performance toward 4-nitrophenyl sulfate (up to 6.2-fold) and/or fluorescein disulfate (up to 30-fold). In Sp AS1 variants with improved performance toward the bulky fluorescein disulfate, many of the beneficial mutations occur in residues that form hydrogen bonds between α-helices in the C-terminal oligomerization region, suggesting a non-trivial, previously unknown role for the dimer interface in shaping the substrate binding site of Sp AS1. Table of contents graphic
The mechanical response in a fluid of synthetic antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic microdiscs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2017)

In this article, we demonstrate the magneto-mechanic behavior in a fluid environment of perpendicularly magnetized microdiscs with antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. When suspended in a fluid and under the influence of a simple uniaxial applied magnetic field sequence, the microdiscs mechanically rotate to access the magnetic saturation processes that are either that of the easy axis, hard axis, or in-between the two, in order to lower their energy. Further, these transitions enable the magnetic particles to form reconfigurable magnetic chains, and transduce torque from uniaxial applied fields. These microdiscs offer an attractive platform for the fabrication of fluid based micro- and nanodevices, and dynamically self assembled complex architectures.
Ranking Spatial Data by Quality Preferences (2010)

A spatial preference query ranks objects based on the qualities of features in their spatial neighborhood. For example, using a real estate agency database of flats for lease, a customer may want to rank the flats with respect to the appropriateness of their location, defined after aggregating the qualities of other features (e.g., restaurants, cafes, hospital, market, etc.) within their spatial neighborhood. Such a neighborhood concept can be specified by the user via different functions. It can be an explicit circular region within a given distance from the flat. Another intuitive definition is to assign higher weights to the features based on their proximity to the flat. In this paper, we formally define spatial preference queries and propose appropriate indexing techniques and search algorithms for them. Extensive evaluation of our methods on both real and synthetic data reveals that an optimized branch-and-bound solution is efficient and robust with respect to different parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Dechlorination of Polychlorofluorobenzenes by the Action of the Reducing System NiCl<sub>2</sub>—2,2′‐Bipyridyl‐ (or 1,10‐Phenanthroline)—Zn—DMF—H<sub>2</sub>O. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent Kinase Kinase 2 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regeneration and Quiescence (2014)

Abstract Extracellular free calcium (Ca2+) is the most abundant signaling molecule in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, and intracellular calcium is an important second messenger controlling critical functions in HSCs. Accordingly, Ca2+ is a master regulator of HSC biology, and nodes of the Ca2+ signaling network are emerging as critical components of the molecular machinery governing HSC regeneration and quiescence. Ca2+ controls many cell functions by forming a complex with Calmodulin (CaM), which binds and activates a family of Calcium/Calmodulin dependent kinase (CaMK) that includes CaMKI, CaMKII, CaMKIV, CaMKK1 and CaMKK2. We have previously investigated the function of CaMKK2 in blood cells and established this protein as a critical component of the calcium signaling pathway that regulates granulopoiesis and macrophage activation. Here, we investigated the function of CaMKK2 in the regenerative response of HSCs. To determine the expression of CaMKK2 under homeostatic conditions, we examined transgenic reporter mice and identified robust reporter activity in primitive long-term hematopoietic stem cells, but reduced signal in the majority of lineage positive blood and bone marrow cells. To establish whether CaMKK2 has a functional role in controlling hematopoiesis and HSC self-renewal, we examined hematopoietic regeneration in mice deficient for CaMKK2. We demonstrate that Camkk2 -/- mice have accelerated bone marrow and peripheral blood regeneration following hematopoietic injury. Camkk2 -/- HSCs showed increased proliferative capacity in vivo and mobilized into the peripheral blood to establish extra-medullary hematopoiesis during regeneration. To identify the proximal target of CaMKK2, we assessed the phosphorylation status of CaMKI, CaMKIV and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), which are known targets of CaMKK2. Our results indicate Camkk2 -/- stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) fail to accumulate phospho-AMPK in response to ionizing radiation. Since AMPK is a negative regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, we also analyzed the levels of phospho-ribosomal 6 protein (rpS6), which is a distal target of the mTOR cascade that positively regulates cell size and proliferation. We found that irradiated Camkk2 -/- HSPCs accumulate higher levels of phospho-rpS6 compared to wild type cells. This finding implicates CaMKK2 as a critical component of a negative regulatory circuit that links calcium signaling to AMPK activation and cell proliferation in HSPC. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that CaMKK2 regulates HSC function and suggests CaMKK2 inhibition is a novel approach to stem cell expansion for clinical therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Workforce management: Risk-based financial planning and capacity provisioning (2014)

We propose a principled risk-based framework that enables organizations or complex systems to jointly perform financial planning and human-resource management functions in an environment characterized by uncertainty in demand and supply and by other exogenous factors. This framework consists of a set of risk-based capacity planning models and methods that, first, allow for a rigorous quantification of how the financial metrics of an institution depend on its resource provisioning decisions. Second, they provide the capability to make the best decisions to achieve the financial objectives of the institution. Consequently, these models and methods enable interactions between financial and operational planning processes. Decisions including, but not limited to, investments, capacity adjustments, and demand prioritization as well as product or service pricing can all be evaluated quantitatively within this framework, and an overall optimal strategy and plan can be produced with user-specified objectives. These models and methods are based on analysis and optimization algorithms developed for large-scale stochastic loss networks.
31.2: Crosstalk‐Free 3D Display with Time‐Sequential OCB LCD (2009)

Abstract We have developed high quality 3D display system with time‐sequential OCB LCD. That is 3D display of 15.4 inch WXGA panel without the problem of 3D crosstalk, pseudoscopy and 3D moiré. Fast response OCB LCDs were used for both the panel and active shutter glasses and improved blinking backlight control technology was applied.
Rapid identification of<i>Acinetobacter</i>spp. by fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridization (FISH) from colony and blood culture material (2011)

Multi-drug-resistant strains of the Acinetobacter baumannii complex cause nosocomial infections. Rapid identification of Acinetobacter spp. is desirable in order to facilitate therapeutic or hygiene decisions. We evaluated a newly designed DNA probe that can be used under standard conditions in both a microwave oven and a slide chamber for the rapid identification of Acinetobacter spp. by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using FISH, the new probe correctly identified 81/81 Acinetobacter spp. isolates and excluded 109/109 tested non-target organisms from agar culture. Furthermore, the new probe correctly identified 7/7 Acinetobacter spp. in 214 blood cultures determined to contain Gram-negative bacteria by Gram staining. Using either the microwave oven or slide chamber technique, the new probe was able to identify Acinetobacter spp. in 100% of the samples tested. FISH used in conjunction with our newly designed probe provides an easy, cheap, precise, and rapid method for the preliminary identification of Acinetobacter spp., especially in laboratories where more sophisticated methods like matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) are not available.
Dilemmas of principle in the classroom (2010)

Creativity in schools is changing, with greater emphasis being placed on creative skills across the curriculum than ever before. This shift has thrown up some challenging questions which this book tackles head-on in order to better understand the implications of this change and the effects on pedagogy and policy. The questions raised include: What is creative learning? How does it relate to creative teaching? How do we organize the curriculum to nurture creativity? What pedagogical strategies support creativity? How is creative learning different to effective learning? What responsibilities do schools have for stimulating creativity in relation to society, ethics and the wider environment? Laying out the key concepts in the current debate on creativity and placing them in a broader context based on practice, policy and research, this volume sets the agenda for future discussion and suggests practical ways to encourage pupils’ creative development in a new and more thoughtful way.
Peptide Mapping of Human Serum Albumin Modified Minimally by Methylglyoxal <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> (2005)

Methylglyoxal is a potent glycating agent and important precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in physiological systems. Unlike glucose, methylglyoxal is predominantly an arginine-directed glycating agent. Methylglyoxal reacts with proteins to form mainly the arginine-derived hydroimidazolone AGE, Ndelta-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1), argpyrimidine, the lysine-derived AGEs, N(epsilon)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal-derived lysine dimer (MOLD). Sites within proteins susceptible to modification by methylglyoxal have not been identified. Here we show that modification of human serum albumin by methylglyoxal forms mainly hydroimidazolone MG-H1 residues. The location of MG-H1 residues was identified by mass spectrometric peptide mapping. This method identified a hot spot of hydroimidazolone formation at Arg-410, with other minor MG-H1 modifications at Arg-114, Arg-186, Arg-218, and Arg-428. Other extracellular and intracellular proteins are modified by methylglyoxal in physiological systems. Modification of arginine residues by methylglyoxal may be particularly damaging because arginine residues have a high frequency of occurrence in ligand and substrate recognition sites in receptor and enzyme active sites.
Characterization of exon skipping mutants of the <i>COP1</i> gene from <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1998)

The removal of introns from pre-mRNA requires accurate recognition and selection of the intron splice sites. Mutations which alter splice site selection and which lead to skipping of specific exons are indicative of intron/exon recognition mechanisms involving an exon definition process. In this paper, three independent mutants to the COP1 gene in Arabidopsis which show exon skipping were identified and the mutations which alter the normal splicing pattern were characterized. The mutation in cop1-1 was a G-->A change 4 nt upstream from the 3' splice site of intron 5, while the mutation in cop1-2 was a G-->A at the first nucleotide of intron 6, abolishing the conserved G within the 5' splice site consensus. The effect of these mutations was skipping of exon 6. The mutation in cop1-8 was G-->A in the final nucleotide of intron 10 abolishing the conserved G within the 3' splice site consensus and leading to skipping of exon 11. The splicing patterns surrounding exons 6 and 11 of COP1 in these three mutant lines of Arabidopsis provide evidence for exon definition mechanisms operating in plant splicing.
Performance Modeling for FPGAs: Extending the Roofline Model with High-Level Synthesis Tools (2013)

The potential of FPGAs as accelerators for high-performance computing applications is very large, but many factors are involved in their performance. The design for FPGAs and the selection of the proper optimizations when mapping computations to FPGAs lead to prohibitively long developing time. Alternatives are the high-level synthesis (HLS) tools, which promise a fast design space exploration due to design at high-level or analytical performance models which provide realistic performance expectations, potential impediments to performance, and optimization guidelines. In this paper we propose the combination of both, in order to construct a performance model for FPGAs which is able to visually condense all the helpful information for the designer. Our proposed model extends the roofline model, by considering the resource consumption and the parameters used in the HLS tools, to maximize the performance and the resource utilization within the area of the FPGA. The proposed model is applied to optimize the design exploration of a class of window-based image processing applications using two different HLS tools. The results show the accuracy of the model as well as its flexibility to be combined with any HLS tool.
Pharmacogenomic Identification of Targets for Adjuvant Therapy with the Topoisomerase Poison Camptothecin (2004)

The response of tumor cells to the unusual form of DNA damage caused by topoisomerase poisons such as camptothecin (CPT) is poorly understood, and knowledge regarding which drugs can be effectively combined with CPT is lacking. To better understand the response of tumor cells to CPT and to identify potential targets for adjuvant therapy, we examined global changes in mRNA abundance in HeLa cells after CPT treatment using Affymetrix U133A GeneChips, which include all annotated human genes (22,283 probe sets). Statistical analysis of the data using a Bayesian/Cyber t test and a modified Benjamini and Hochberg correction for multiple hypotheses testing identified 188 probe sets that are induced and 495 that are repressed 8 h after CPT treatment at a False Discovery Rate of <0.05 and a minimum 3-fold change. This pharmacogenomic approach led us to identify two pathways that are CPT induced: (a) the epidermal growth factor receptor; and (b) nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic factors. Experiments using HeLa cells in our lab and prior animal model studies performed elsewhere confirm that inhibitors of these respective pathways super-additively enhance CPT's cytotoxicity, suggesting their potential as targets for adjuvant therapy with CPT.
Fault-Aware Prediction-Guided Page Offlining for Uncorrectable Memory Error Prevention (2021)

Uncorrectable memory errors are the major causes of hardware failures in datacenters leading to server crashes. Page offlining is an error-prevention mechanism implemented in modern operating systems. Traditional offlining policies are based on correctable error (CE) rate of a page in a past period. However, CEs are just the observations while the underlying causes are memory circuit faults. A certain fault such as a row fault can impact quite a few pages. Meanwhile, not all faults are equally prone to uncorrectable errors (UEs). In this paper, we propose a fault-aware prediction-guide policy for page offlining. In the proposed policy, we first identify row faults based on CE observations as the preliminary candidates for offlining. Leveraging the knowledge of the error correction code, we design a predictor based on error-bit patterns to predict whether a row fault is prone to UEs or not. Pages impacted by the UE-prone rows are then offlined. Empirical evaluation using the error log from a modern large-scale cluster in ByteDance demonstrates that the proposed policy avoids several times more UEs than the traditional policy does at a comparable cost of memory capacity loss due to page offlining.
RTP Payload for SMPTE ST 291 Ancillary Data (2015)

This memo describes a real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload
format for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE) Ancillary data, as defined by SMPTE ST 291-1. SMPTE Ancillary
data is generally used along with professional video formats to carry
a range of ancillary data types, including time code, Closed
Captioning, and the Active Format Description (AFD).
Quantum Chemistry Based Force Field for Simulations of Poly(propylene oxide) and Its Oligomers (1998)

We present an atomistic force field for simulations of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and its low molecular weight oligomers. The force field is parametrized to accurately reproduce the relative conformer energies and rotational energy barriers in 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and 3,6-dimethyl diglyme (DMD) as determined from high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations. Partial atomic charges have been determined to accurately reproduce the electrostatic potential and dipole moments of important conformers of DMP and DMD as determined from quantum chemistry while yielding a charge neutral repeat unit for use in PPO simulations. The ability of the force field to accurately reproduce conformational energies is examined by comparing gas-phase molecular dynamics simulations of DMP with gas-phase NMR vicinal coupling measurements. The populations for the O−C*−C−O bond from simulations are found to be in good agreement with values determined from the experiments. The accuracy of the nonbonded interactions is examined through comparison of PVT data for liquid DMP from molecular dynamics simulations with experiment and predictions of DMP−water interactions using a quantum chemistry based force field for ether−water interactions with high-level ab initio calculations. In both cases good agreement is found.