gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive computational human lung model incorporating inter‐acinar dependencies: Application to spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation (2016)

In this article, we propose a comprehensive computational model of the entire respiratory system, which allows simulating patient-specific lungs under different ventilation scenarios and provides a deeper insight into local straining and stressing of pulmonary acini. We include novel 0D inter-acinar linker elements to respect the interplay between neighboring alveoli, an essential feature especially in heterogeneously distended lungs. The model is applicable to healthy and diseased patient-specific lung geometries. Presented computations in this work are based on a patient-specific lung geometry obtained from computed tomography data and composed of 60,143 conducting airways, 30,072 acini, and 140,135 inter-acinar linkers. The conducting airways start at the trachea and end before the respiratory bronchioles. The acini are connected to the conducting airways via terminal airways and to each other via inter-acinar linkers forming a fully coupled anatomically based respiratory model. Presented numerical examples include simulation of breathing during a spirometry-like test, measurement of a quasi-static pressure-volume curve using a supersyringe maneuver, and volume-controlled mechanical ventilation. The simulations show that our model incorporating inter-acinar dependencies successfully reproduces physiological results in healthy and diseased states. Moreover, within these scenarios, a deeper insight into local pressure, volume, and flow rate distribution in the human lung is investigated and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alicyclic Dienes with Hydrogen in a Liquid Phase (2018)

The hydrogenation behavior of a number of alicyclic dienes (5-vinyl-2-norbornene (5-vinyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene-2), dicyclopentadiene (tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decadiene-3,8), and cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene) to the corresponding cycloalkenes in the presence of a finely divided palladium catalyst suspended in the liquid phase has been studied. The reactivities of the double bonds of these dienes have been compared. The conversion of 5-vinyl-2-norbornene and selectivity of its hydrogenation to 2-vinylnorbornane depending on the reaction conditions have been evaluated. Conditions for the selective production of desired 2-vinylnorbornane are proposed for the further implementation of this process in practice.
Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis—V. Gas‐liquid mass transfer limitations in liquid slurry reactors (1986)

Abstract Many processes for polymerization of olefins employ laboratory, pilot plant, or full‐scale liquid‐phase polymerization reactors with monomer introduced as a gas. Criteria for the presence of gas‐liquid mass transfer resistance in these systems are determined in terms of observed reaction rate or loading of a heterogeneous catalyst of given intrinsic activity. The effects of variables such as reactor size and configuration, temperature, and soluble polymer are also examined. The equilibrium monomer concentrations of ethylene in hexane and propylene in heptane are calculated through a modified Benedict‐Webb‐Rubin equation, and some calculations for ethylene‐propylene mixtures are tabulated. The general methodology for predicting gas‐liquid mass transfer resistance is readily extendible to copolymerization systems.
Serotonin and the Neurobiology of Depression (1994)

That tryptophan depletion did not rapidly worsen depression argues that serotonin function is not linearly related to the level of depression and if reduced serotonin function does cause depression, then it is either as predisposing factor or due to a postsynaptic deficit in the utilization of serotonin.
An Artificial Neuron Based on a Threshold Switching Memristor (2017)

Artificial neurons and synapses are critical units for processing intricate information in neuromorphic systems. Memristors are frequently engineered as artificial synapses due to their simple structures, gradually changing conductance and high-density integration. However, few studies have designed memristors as artificial neurons. In this letter, we demonstrate an integration-and-fire artificial neuron based on a Ag/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Au threshold switching memristor. This neuron displays four critical features for action-potential-based computing: the all-or-nothing spiking of an action potential, threshold-driven spiking, a refractory period, and a strength-modulated frequency response. As a post-synaptic neuron, the designed neuron was demonstrated to be applicable to digit recognition. These results demonstrate that the developed artificial neuron can realize the basic functions of spiking neurons and has great potential for neuromorphic computing.
On log domain filtering for RF applications (2002)

The design concept of log filters is reviewed. A new second order filter topology which is particularly useful for RF signal processing is introduced with a discussion of its features which meet the needs of RF design.
OJ287 blazar in a flaring state (2014)

Optical observations of the blazar OJ287 restarted after a break over the summer due to its conjunction with the Sun have revealed the blazar to be very bright in the optical band.
Market‐Oriented Cloud Computing and The Cloudbus Toolkit (2013)

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of market-oriented Cloud computing systems and presents a reference model. The model, together with the state-of-the-art technologies presented in the chapter, contribute significantly towards the mainstream adoption of Cloud computing technology. However, any technology brings with it new challenges and breakthroughs. The chapter focuses on the major challenges faced by the industry when adopting Cloud computing as a mainstream technology as part of the distributed computing paradigm. It presents a utility-oriented Cloud vision that is a generic model for realizing market-oriented Cloud computing vision. Cloudbus realized this by developing various tools and platforms that can be used individually or together as an integrated solution. The author's demonstrate through experiments that their toolkit can provide applications based on deadline, optimize cost and time of applications, and manage real-world problems through an integrated solution.
The structure of a bioactive calcia–silica sol–gel glass (2005)

We have used neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution to gain new insights into the nature of the atomic scale calcium environment in bioactive sol–gel glasses, and also used high energy X-ray total diffraction to probe the nature of the processes initiated when bioactive glass is immersed in vitro in simulated body fluid (SBF). Recent work has highlighted the potential of sol–gel derived calcium silicate glasses for the regeneration or replacement of damaged bone tissue. The mechanism of bioactivity and the requirements for optimisation of the properties of these materials are as yet only partially understood but have been strongly linked to calcium dissolution from the glass matrix. The data obtained point to a complex calcium environment in which calcium is loosely bound within the glass network and may therefore be regarded as facile. Complex multi-stage dissolution and mineral growth phases were observed as a function of reaction time between 1 min and 30 days, leading eventually to the formation of a disordered hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on the glass surface, which is similar to the polycrystalline bone mineral hydroxyapatite. This methodology provides insight into the structure of key sites in these materials and key stages involved in their reactions, and thereby more generally into the behaviour of bone-regenerative materials that may facilitate improvements in tissue engineering applications.
Induction heating of firebricks for the large-scale storage of nuclear and renewable energy (2018)

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2018.
T lymphocyte subset abnormalities and HLA antigens in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). (1989)

Studies of T lymphocyte subsets were carried out in a group of 50 scleroderma patients, of whom 46 were also HLA phenotyped. The total lymphocyte count was depressed in 22 patients, and CD4 (helper cells) numbers were normal. CD8 (suppressor-cytotoxic) cells were reduced in 27 patients, and the CD4/CD8 number ratio increased above normal in three additional patients, resulting in 30 patients being classified as CD8-deficient. In the 46 patients HLA phenotyped, DRw8 was significantly increased in the entire patient group, but when the patients were subdivided into CD8-deficient (n = 29) and CD8-normal (n = 17), the increase in DRw8 was confined to the CD8-deficient patients. B18 was also increased in patients with limited sclerosis, while DR4 and DRw53 were significantly decreased and DR5 significantly increased in patients with more extensive skin sclerosis. These findings suggest that scleroderma is a heterogeneous condition and that this heterogeneity is reflected in different HLA profiles in patients subtyped according to their clinical profile and subpopulations of T cells.
Si donor neutralization in high-purity GaAs (1987)

The effects of hydrogen plasma exposure on the concentration of donors in high-purity lightly Si-doped molecular beam epitaxial GaAs have been investigated by photothermal ionization spectroscopy, low-temperature photoluminescence, capacitance-voltage, and Hall-effect measurements. Photothermal ionization measurements show that in addition to Si donors S and Ge donors are present in the original high-purity samples. After hydrogenation, the Si donor concentration is significantly reduced with a corresponding increase in mobility. Low-temperature photoluminescence also showed a decrease in the full width at half-maximum of the neutral donor bound exciton line indicating that the total impurity concentration is reduced. These results provide spectroscopic evidence to support the neutralization of Si donors confirming earlier results of the effects of hydrogen plasma exposure in GaAs.
Low-Complexity Channel Selection and Iterative Detection for Overloaded Uplink Multiuser MIMO OFDM System (2013)

In this paper, anew iterative interference cancellation multiuser detection (MUD) method is proposed for overloaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the first iteration, a channel analyzer and selector are employed, which ensure that non-convergent channels are not used. Then low complexity RAKE reception is applied, and a successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based approach is used such that the strongest user is decoded first. In each iteration, the soft output of the convolutional decoder is fed back to cancel inter-user interference using parallel interference cancellation (PIC). The simulation results show that, this technique can achieve near-optimum bit error rate (BER) performance, and optimum frame error rate (FER) performance, with lower complexity than optimum maximum likelihood (ML) methods at the cost of 4% of channels rejected.
Catalytic conversion reactions in nanoporous systems with concentration-dependent selectivity: Statistical mechanical modeling (2016)

Statistical mechanical modeling is developed to describe a catalytic conversion reaction A→B^{c} or B^{t} with concentration-dependent selectivity of the products, B^{c} or B^{t}, where reaction occurs inside catalytic particles traversed by narrow linear nanopores. The associated restricted diffusive transport, which in the extreme case is described by single-file diffusion, naturally induces strong concentration gradients. Furthermore, by comparing kinetic Monte Carlo simulation results with analytic treatments, selectivity is shown to be impacted by strong spatial correlations induced by restricted diffusivity in the presence of reaction and also by a subtle clustering of reactants, A.
Optical studies of the genesis of ligand-free cobalt and rhodium clusters: relevance to oxide- and polymer-bound cobalt and rhodium clusters (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical studies of the genesis of ligand-free cobalt and rhodium clusters: relevance to oxide- and polymer-bound cobalt and rhodium clustersGeoffrey A. Ozin and A. J. Lee HanlanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 7, 1781–1790Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50197a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50197a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antioxidative Phenols and Phenolic Glycosides from Curculigo orchioides (2005)

A new orcinol glucoside, orcinol-1-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), was isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides GAERTN., together with seven known compounds: orcinol glucoside (1), orcinol-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), curculigoside (4), curculigoside B (5), curculigoside C (6), 2,6-dimethoxyl benzoic acid (7), and syringic acid (8). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of these isolated compounds were evaluated by colorimetric methods based on their scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. All the compounds showed potent antioxidative activities and the structure-activity relationship is discussed.
Multilevel Image Dehazing Algorithm Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2020)

In recent years, the hazy weather in China occurs frequently, and image dehazing has gradually become a research hotspot. To improve the dehazing effect of the hazy images, this paper has proposed a multilevel image dehazing algorithm using conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN). The hazy image is used to generate the composed image <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> jointly estimated by a transmission map and atmospheric light value through a generator network, and a dehazed image is calculated through an improved atmospheric scattering model. The generator network and the joint discriminator network are subjected to adversarial training and reconstruction constraints. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved good dehazing effect in synthetic hazy images and real hazy images, and is ahead of other advanced dehazing methods in subjective evaluation and objective evaluation.
Effect of reinforcement form on the behaviour of coir geotextile-reinforced sand through laboratory triaxial compression tests (2017)

Use of natural products as reinforcement material offers various advantages such as availability, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Among the various natural products, coir is said to have the most desired engineering properties, i.e., tensile strength, stiffness and durability required for soil-reinforcement purposes. This paper studies the behaviour of sand reinforced with coir products in various form, as a reinforcement material through a series of triaxial compression tests. Improvement in strength and stiffness characteristics were obtained for sand reinforced with various coir products. The quantity of material used in terms of area is kept same in order to compare the reinforcement benefits of various forms of coir geotextile. The results show that coir geocell reinforcement provides superior performance compared to planar and discrete forms.
Soluble Aβ Seeds Are Potent Inducers of Cerebral β-Amyloid Deposition (2011)

Cerebral β-amyloidosis and associated pathologies can be exogenously induced by the intracerebral injection of small amounts of pathogenic Aβ-containing brain extract into young β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. The probable β-amyloid-inducing factor in the brain extract has been identified as a species of aggregated Aβ that is generated in its most effective conformation or composition in vivo. Here we report that Aβ in the brain extract is more proteinase K (PK) resistant than is synthetic fibrillar Aβ, and that this PK-resistant fraction of the brain extract retains the capacity to induce β-amyloid deposition upon intracerebral injection in young, pre-depositing APP23 transgenic mice. After ultracentrifugation of the brain extract, <0.05% of the Aβ remained in the supernatant fraction, and these soluble Aβ species were largely PK sensitive. However, upon intracerebral injection, this soluble fraction accounted for up to 30% of the β-amyloid induction observed with the unfractionated extract. Fragmentation of the Aβ seeds by extended sonication increased the seeding capacity of the brain extract. In summary, these results suggest that multiple Aβ assemblies, with various PK sensitivities, are capable of inducing β-amyloid aggregation in vivo. The finding that small and soluble Aβ seeds are potent inducers of cerebral β-amyloidosis raises the possibility that such seeds may mediate the spread of β-amyloidosis in the brain. If they can be identified in vivo, soluble Aβ seeds in bodily fluids also could serve as early biomarkers for cerebral β-amyloidogenesis and eventually Alzheimer's disease.
One Hundred Nine Living Donor Liver Transplants in Adults and Children: A Single-Center Experience (2001)

Living donor liver transplantation has become an important option for our patients and has dramatically changed our approach to patients with liver failure. The donor surgery is safe and can be done with minimal complications. We expect that living donor liver transplants will represent more than 50% of our transplants within 3 years.
A PCB Image Self-adaption Threshold Segmentation Method Fusing Color Information and OTSU Theory (2019)

Considering that there are many small target pixels on the bare PCB image, the scheme first normalizes the original image in the red, green and blue (RGB) color space, and then converts the RGB color space image to the hue, saturation, and brightness (HSL) color space. Then, skillfully using the intra-class variance and gray difference of unit area ratio of the target and the background as new criterion function to calculate the optimal segmentation threshold based on improved OTSU algorithm in the luminance space. Finally, the segmentation image is obtained with less interfered by noise. The target and background are completely segmented, and the detail information is well preserved, which lay a foundation for the next detection and identification.
Determination of carbonate-C in biochars (2014)

Although carbonate-carbon (C), an integral part of biochar-C, contributes to the liming properties of that material, it also interferes with the estimation of the stable organic C fraction in biochars. In this study, four methods were compared in order to quantify the carbonate-C in biochars: two direct (a titrimetric procedure and thermogravimetric analysis, TGA), and two indirect (acid treatment with separation by filtration and acid fumigation). The titrimetric method showed a high recovery of added carbonate-C (average 98.8%, range 1.5–38 mg), and the standard deviations of carbonate-C for all biochars tested were &lt;0.1% when 1 g of sample was used. The acid treatment with a filtration step overestimated the carbonate-C content (on average by a 4-fold increment) due to the loss of dissolved or fine particulate organic C during filtration. The acid fumigation method was suitable for biochars containing high amount of carbonate-C (&gt;0.3% wt) and when the isotopic signature of organic C in biochars is to be determined. The TGA method (either in N2 or a dry air atmosphere) was reliable when calcite was the main carbonate form in biochars, but was inadequate for samples containing a considerable amount of whewellite and certain carbonate-bearing minerals (e.g. magnesite) that decompose at &lt;600°C. Because more than half of the biochar samples investigated in the literature and in this study (58% of the 117 samples) contained &lt;0.4% carbonate-C (and 38% of these contained no detectable carbonate-C), low-cost screening methods were developed to identify the biochars needed for carbonate-C analysis. For this purpose, two methods were proposed: (i) a manometric test; and (ii) a ratio between predicted fixed C : total C (FC/TC) and measured FC/TC, where predicted FC/TC was estimated using the following relationship: (FC/TC) = –0.1081(H/C)2 – 0.1794(H/C) + 1.0097, as derived from values obtained in the literature. A decision tree, including two steps (a screening step and a titrimetric procedure) could be used to determine accurately the carbonate-C in biochars.
Quantization Effects in Low-Density Parity-Check Decoders (2007)

A. class of combinatorial structures, called absorbing sets, strongly influences the performance of low-density parity- check (LDPC) decoders. In particular, the quantization scheme strongly affects which absorbing sets dominate in the error-floor region. Absorbing sets may be characterized as weak or strong. They are a characteristic of the parity check matrix of a code. Conventional quantization schemes applied to a (2209,1978) array-based LDPC code can induce low-weight weak absorbing sets and, as a result, elevate the error floor. Adaptive quantization schemes alleviate the effects of weak absorbing sets, and, as a result, only the strong ones dominate the error floor of an optimized decoder implementation. Another benefit of an adaptive quantization scheme is that it performs well even in very few iterations.
Fine-grained application source code profiling for ASIP design (2005)

Current Application Specific Instruction set Processor (ASIP) design methodologies are mostly based on iterative architecture exploration that uses Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) and retargetable software development tools. However, for improved design efficiency, additional pre-architecture exploration tools are required to help narrow-down the huge design space and making coarsegrained Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) decisions before detailed ADL modeling. Extensive application code profiling is the key in such early design stages. Based on a novel code instrumentation technology, we present a microprofiling approach that fills the current gap between source-level and instruction-level profilers and combines their advantages w.r.t. speed and accuracy. We show how the microprofiler is embedded into an advanced ASIP design flow and justify its use in a case study to design an MP3 decoder ASIP.