gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toughening of Epoxy Nanocomposites: Nano and Hybrid Effects (2016)

In this paper, we review recent progress made in the field of epoxy-based binary and ternary nanocomposites containing three-, two-, and one-dimensional (i.e., 3D-, 2D-, and 1D) nano-size fillers with a special focus on their fracture behaviors. Despite investigations conducted so far to evaluate the crack-resistance of epoxy nanocomposites and attempts made to clarify the controlling toughening mechanisms of these materials, some questions remain unsolved. It is shown that silica nanoparticles can be as effective as rubber particles in improving the fracture toughness/energy; but incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or clay platelets in epoxy matrices delays crack growth only modestly. The “nano” effects of silica (<25 vol.%) and rubber (>10 wt.%) nanoparticles in toughening epoxy resin are confirmed by comparison with silica and rubber micro-particles of the same loading. There is clear evidence of both synergistic and additive toughening effects in the silica/rubber/epoxy ternary nanocomposites. In addition, positive hybrid toughening effect has been observed in the nano-rubber/CNT/epoxy composites; however, a negative hybrid effect is predominant in nano-clay/nano-rubber/epoxy ternary nano-composites. Future research directions for epoxy-based nanocomposites towards multi-functional applications are discussed.
Integrated flight/fire control for attack helicopters (1992)

It is shown that integrated flight and fire control modes, analogous to those used in fixed-wing applications, can be implemented to enhance an attack helicopter's air-to-air and air-to-ground combat effectiveness. With fly-by-wire active flight controls and state-of-the-art technology in target acquisition and tracking, integrated flight/fire control can increase firing opportunities, improve weapon accuracy and enhance survivability. Two typical applications are illustrated, using detailed simulations of the fly-by-wire controlled helicopter and associated weapons systems. The avionics architecture needed to implement an integrated system is described, and it is shown that it is achievable with straightforward extensions of designs already in place for advanced versions of the AH-64 aircraft.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrospun nanofibers as versatile interfaces for efficient gene delivery (2014)

The integration of gene delivery technologies with electrospun nanofibers is a versatile strategy to increase the potential of gene therapy as a key platform technology that can be readily utilized for numerous biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, stem cell therapy, and tissue engineering. As a spatial template for gene delivery, electrospun nanofibers possess highly advantageous characteristics, such as their ease of production, their ECM-analogue nature, the broad range of choices for materials, the feasibility of producing structures with varied physical and chemical properties, and their large surface-to-volume ratios. Thus, electrospun fiber-mediated gene delivery exhibits a great capacity to modulate the spatial and temporal release kinetics of gene vectors and enhance gene delivery efficiency. This review discusses the powerful characteristics of electrospun nanofibers, which can function as spatial interfaces capable of promoting controlled and efficient gene delivery.
Raloxifene: A new choice for treating and preventing osteoporosis (2000)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a new class of drugs that provide a new option for addressing the health challenges of postmenopausal women. This review discusses the proposed mechanism of action of SERMs and describes clinical findings on raloxifene, a SERM now available for treating and preventing osteoporosis.
A Lifetime Supporting Framework for Cloud Applications (2010)

This paper proposes a framework, which integrates the development and operation environments for cloud applications. Adopting perspectives on lifecycle management, the framework is equipped with tools and platforms, which seamlessly integrate lifetime phases: requirement analysis, architecture design, application implementation, operation and improvement. These are predicated on theories in design engineering, enabling identification of constraints arising in the development process and of dependencies among functional modules. A case study shows the feasibilities of the design principles, and indicates possibilities for the framework to be an Application Platform as a Service (APaaS), which can form an ecosystem of datacenter operators, systems integrators and application providers.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model (2015)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common male diseases, which is provoked by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androgen signals. Several studies showed that curcumin has various effects of prevention and treatment to diseases. We investigated whether curcumin may repress the development of BPH in male Wistar rats. Seven weeks male Wistar rats were and divided into 4 groups (normal group, BPH group, finasteride group, curcumin group; n = 8 for each group). In order to induce BPH in rats, rats were castrated and testosterone was injected subcutaneously everyday (s.c., 20 mg/kg). Rats in the curcumin group were treated 50 mg/kg, administered orally for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their prostate and serum were analyzed. Compared to the finasteride group as positive group, the curcumin group showed similarly protective effect on BPH in histopathologic morphology, prostate volume. Results of immunohistochemistry and western-blot showed decreased expressions of VEGF, TGF-ß1, and IGF1 were also decreased in the curcumin group. These results suggested that curcumin inhibited the development of BPH and might a useful herbal treatment or functional food for BPH.
Comparative modeling results for ridge waveguide MQW and hybrid Si/III-V lasers (2017)

In this study, 1550 nm ridge waveguide multi quantum well (MQW) and hybrid Si/III-V lasers are simulated and the results are studied in a comparative setting. InGaAsP active layers with a ridge waveguide length of 500 μm and width of 5 μm with six quantum wells are chosen for both MQW and hybrid Si/III-V lasers. The hybrid Si/III-V laser structure is obtained by integration of a ridge waveguide MQW semiconductor laser with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip. The proposed structure allows laser mode to experience maximal gain available in the III-V region while maintaining a high coupling efficiency to Si-waveguide. The results demonstrate that the optical power generated by MQW active layer can be transferred to the silicon waveguide of the hybrid Si/III-V laser. In addition, an increase in the threshold current and degeneration in the frequency response of the hybrid laser are observed compared to the MQW one. The results also indicate that there is not a big difference between the ridge waveguide MQW and the hybrid Si/III-V lasers in terms of spectrum and spontaneous emission characteristics. Keywords: Semiconductor MQW lasers, Laser simulation, Hybrid lasers, Optical communication
The microstructure and rheology of a model, thixotropic nanoparticle gel under steady shear and large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jung Min Kim, Aaron P. R. Eberle, A. Kate Gurnon, Lionel Porcar, Norman J. Wagner; The microstructure and rheology of a model, thixotropic nanoparticle gel under steady shear and large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). J. Rheol. 1 September 2014; 58 (5): 1301–1328. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4878378 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Molecular Mechanism of Direct Proflavine–DNA Intercalation: Evidence for Drug-Induced Minimum Base-Stacking Penalty Pathway (2012)

DNA intercalation, a biophysical process of enormous clinical significance, has surprisingly eluded molecular understanding for several decades. With appropriate configurational restraint (to prevent dissociation) in all-atom metadynamics simulations, we capture the free energy surface of direct intercalation from minor groove-bound state for the first time using an anticancer agent proflavine. Mechanism along the minimum free energy path reveals that intercalation happens through a minimum base stacking penalty pathway where nonstacking parameters (Twist→Slide/Shift) change first, followed by base stacking parameters (Buckle/Roll→Rise). This mechanism defies the natural fluctuation hypothesis and provides molecular evidence for the drug-induced cavity formation hypothesis. The thermodynamic origin of the barrier is found to be a combination of entropy and desolvation energy.
Image Compression based on 4 Level AMBTC (2014)

Image compression is essential for different applications such as transmission and storage in data bases. Two methods use for image compression-lossy and lossless. In this paper we discuss about the image compression and propose a new method of lossy image compression. Its principle is based on absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC). In BTC, there is different method that is improving the PSNR and reduces the MSE.
Functional Properties and Genetic Relatedness of the Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins of a Mumps Virus-Like Bat Virus (2015)

The recently described MuV-like bat virus is unique among other recently identified human-like bat-associated viruses because of its high sequence homology (approximately 90% in most genes) to its human counterpart. Although it is not known if humans can be infected by batMuV, the antigenic relatedness between the bat and human forms of the virus suggests that humans carrying neutralizing antibodies against MuV are protected from infection by batMuV. The close functional relationship between MuV and batMuV is demonstrated by cooperation of the respective HN and F proteins to induce syncytium formation in heterologous expression studies. An interesting feature of the glycoproteins of batMuV is the downregulation of the fusion activity by the signal peptide of F, which has not been reported for other paramyxoviruses. These results are important contributions for risk assessment and for a better understanding of the replication strategy of batMuV.
Analysis of Search Schemes in Cognitive Radio (2007)

Cognitive Radio systems face an important challenge - fast and reliable channel searching to enable secondary users to optimize available spectral resources. We revisit conventional urn models for channel occupancy and analyze the performance of several search schemes in terms of the mean time to detection. In particular, we focus on correlated Markov models for bin occupancy and highlight the performance of n-step serlal search (nSS) algorithm
Sub‐salt velocity prediction with a look‐ahead AVO walkaway (2004)

Drilling through salt in deep water is expensive and risky. Abnormally high pore pressure just underneath salt is a common problem, and one of the essential inputs to pore pressure prediction is seismic velocity. Estimating velocity beneath salt using even the most sophisticated surface seismic techniques is difficult due to poor and irregular illumination. In this paper we explore the possibility of using a walkaway VSP survey to predict seismic velocities just below the base salt interface. The idea is to acquire a walkaway survey with an array of three component receivers clamped in the salt just above the base salt interface. As with walkaways acquired for AVO calibration, the similarity of the down going path for direct and reflected arrivals is exploited together with true amplitude processing to produce a multiple‐free, zero phase seismic AVO response just beneath the receivers. We pick the base salt P‐p and P‐s reflection amplitudes versus offset, transform to incidence angle using measured polarizations and invert for sub‐salt elastic parameters. Salt properties are assumed constant and the base of salt interface is assumed to be locally planar. The AVA inversion is Bayesian and Monte Carlo, providing posterior uncertainty estimates in estimated parameters. Given realistic noise we find that a soft constraint on density is required as it is poorly constrained by the data. Using this look‐ahead AVO walkaway approach the uncertainty in Vp should be significantly reduced from pre‐drill bounds. A good estimate of Vshear is also provided, opening up new opportunities for sub‐salt pore pressure work.
Drive cycle evaluation of soft-switched electric vehicle inverter (2002)

This paper investigates the efficiency of an electric vehicle inverter using zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) topology. The ZVT topology design and operation is explained. Steady state operating points are used to show efficiency improvements. Next, the dynamic performance of the ZVT circuit is measured using drive cycle profiles for city and highway driving. Energy use evaluates the effectiveness of the ZVT inverter compared to the hard-switched inverter.
Effect of interleukin 21 and its receptor on CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2014)

Interleukin 21 (IL-21) and its receptor, IL-21R, play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study, the effect of IL-21 and IL-21R on the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was investigated. The serum levels of IL-21 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of IL-21R on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was examined through flow cytometry. The data showed that the serum level of IL-21 was significantly decreased in the patients with DLBCL compared with the healthy controls (P<0.001), whereas the expression of IL-21R was clearly elevated on the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in the patients with DLBCL. Further analyses revealed that the downregulation of the IL-21 serum level was correlated with an increased tumor stage of DLBCL, while the expression of IL-21R on the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was positively correlated with the tumor stage. Also, the serum level of IL-21 and the proportion of IL-21R on the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were negatively correlated in the patients. Notably, it was identified that the proportion of IL-21R on the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, but not the serum level of IL-21, was significantly upregulated in the patients with bone-marrow involvement and B symptoms. These results indicate that IL-21 and IL-21R may be involved in the pathogenesis of DLBCL, in which IL-21R may reflect the progression of the disease more accurately than the serum level of IL-21.
An electrohydrodynamic micropump (1990)

A micromachined electrohydrodynamic (EHD) injection pump is presented. The pump consists mainly of two opposed grids, which are micromachined from single crystal silicon and bonded together anodically. Pumping and static pressure generation is achieved with different polar fluids such as ethanol, propanol, or acetone, but most organic solvents can be pumped. With ethanol a maximum static pressure of 2.5 kPa (32 cm pumping head) and a pumping rate of 14 ml/min at a pressure of 420 Pa are achieved. For the realized pump the grid area measures 3 mm*3 mm and the grid distance 350 mu m. Pumping starts at DC voltages as low as 40 V, whereas 700 V are needed for maximum throughput. Pumping is also observed with an AC driving voltage. To increase pressure several of the devices can be stacked. The maximum flow rate and pressure head can be varied in a wide range by adjusting the dimensions of the pump. By further reducing the grid distance the driving voltages can be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abstract 5614: Novel mRNA purification method with RNaseIII improves efficacy of RNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells (2017)

Abstract Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells made with mRNA offer a transient and safe alternative to viral CARs, mitigating the concern for persistent unwanted side effects from constitutively active T-cells. Previous studies have shown that mRNA CARs are transiently effective, but lack CAR persistence and have struggled to show success across tumor types. We hypothesized the efficacy of mRNA CARs could be improved by utilizing recent advancements in RNA technology including the use of modified uracil and a novel purification method with RNaseIII to prevent double stranding that induces toxicity. Using the established CD19 CAR model in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we created mRNA CARs using previously described methods and compared them to mRNA CARs created using modification of uracil and/or purification to remove any aberrant double stranded mRNA. Comparing the modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells to those created using prior methods of making mRNA, both modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells showed a two-fold increase in expression of the CAR on their surface initially, as well as a two-fold improvement in cytotoxic killing of leukemia cells in vitro that persisted for up to five days. Both the modified and purified mRNA CAR T cells also showed reduced expression of negative checkpoint regulators compared to original RNA CAR T cells. However, in vivo studies using a patient-derived xenograft model with a single dose of CAR T cells revealed purified RNA CAR T cells offered the most robust 2-log enhanced suppression of leukemic burden. RNaseIII is a novel purification technique that has not yet been reported in the literature for RNA manufacturing. Our results provide a time efficient purification method that can be easily incorporated into RNA production for use in clinical trials, and poise RNA CARs for increased efficacy as new CAR targets emerge and are being tested. Additional studies are ongoing investigating if the observed improved efficacy will translate to improved cytotoxicity in solid tumor models. Citation Format: Jessica Foster, Namrata Choudhari, Adam Resnick, David Barrett. Novel mRNA purification method with RNaseIII improves efficacy of RNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5614. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5614
Emerging role of nanosuspensions in drug delivery systems (2020)

Rapid advancement in drug discovery process is leading to a number of potential new drug candidates having excellent drug efficacy but limited aqueous solubility. By virtue of the submicron particle size and distinct physicochemical properties, nanosuspension has the potential ability to tackle many formulation and drug delivery issues typically associated with poorly water and lipid soluble drugs. Conventional size reduction equipment such as media mill and high-pressure homogenizers and formulation approaches such as precipitation, emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent diffusion and microemulsion techniques can be successfully implemented to prepare and scale-up nanosuspensions. Maintaining the stability in solution as well as in solid state, resuspendability without aggregation are the key factors to be considered for the successful production and scale-up of nanosuspensions. Due to the considerable enhancement of bioavailability, adaptability for surface modification and mucoadhesion for drug targeting have significantly expanded the scope of this novel formulation strategy. The application of nanosuspensions in different drug delivery systems such as oral, ocular, brain, topical, buccal, nasal and transdermal routes are currently undergoing extensive research. Oral drug delivery of nanosuspension with receptor mediated endocytosis has the promising ability to resolve most permeability limited absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism related issues adversely affecting bioavailability. Advancement of enabling technologies such as nanosuspension can solve many formulation challenges currently faced among protein and peptide-based pharmaceuticals.
Spell Checking Techniques for Replacement of Unknown Words and Data Cleaning for Haitian Creole SMS Translation (2011)

We report results on translation of SMS messages from Haitian Creole to English. We show improvements by applying spell checking techniques to unknown words and creating a lattice with the best known spelling equivalents. We also used a small cleaned corpus to train a cleaning model that we applied to the noisy corpora. 1
Cation channels in the plasma membrane of rye roots (1997)

Voltage-dependent cation channels in the plasma membrane of rye (Secale cereale L.) root cells have been studied electrically both in vivo, by patch-clamping protoplasts of epidermal cells, and in vitro, following the reconstitution of plasma-membrane vesicles into planar lipid bilayers (PLB). The patch-clamp technique has identified a time-dependent inward-rectified K(+) current and two time-dependent outward-rectified currents, one of which is relatively selective for K(+) whilst the other is non-selective between cations. In addition, a time-independent K(+)-current has been observed in patch-clamp recordings. This current is believed to be carried by voltage-independent channels, which are permeable to monovalent cations and whose biophysical properties correspond to those of the channel most frequently observed in PLB. Two further cation channels are frequently observed in PLB. These channels are permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations and are activated by plasmamembrane depolarization. They may have a role in intracellular signalling since they would mediate Ca(2+) influx in response to plasma-membrane depolarization in vivo. In this paper the biophysical properties and physiological roles of each cation channel are discussed and compared with cation channels in the plasma membrane of root cells from contrasting cell types and plant species.
Progress in modular simulation environments (1996)

How each simulationist can design and implement software tailored for each particular simulation project is addressed by modular simulation environments. The requirements of such environments are derived from the needs of four distinct types of users. Inter-tool modularity deals with how data flows between a non homogeneous set of software tools that can be changed on an ad hoc basis. Both simulation specific and widely applicable software tools may be used. The organization and management of simulation inputs and results to achieve this goal is important. Intra-tool modularity has to do with supporting simulation project tasks in a modular fashion. Modular modeling is well established. Possibilities for modular animation and the modular use of widely applicable tools, specifically spreadsheets, are discussed. An example modular simulation environment is given.
Theoretical Analysis of Oxygen Adsorption on Pt-Based Clusters Alloyed with Co, Ni, or Cr Embedded in a Pt Matrix (2003)

A systematic evaluation of the oxygen molecule dissociation on metal and metal alloy surfaces is performed to determine optimal catalytic materials for oxygen dissociation. The study focuses on the physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics at the oxygen−metal interface where the effects of the oxygen molecule and the metal atoms in its neighborhood, as well as the effects of the extended and continuum nature of the catalyst, are considered through the use of molecular and extended ab initio procedures interconnected by a Green function formalism to account for the interfacial characteristics.