gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Rocket and Airbreathing Propulsion Systems for Space-Launch Applications (1998)

A review of rocket-airbreathing combined-cycle propulsion systems for Earth-to-orbit applications is presented. Rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engines take advantage of the synergistic interactions between the rocket and the airbreathing elements of the engine and the use of high-specie c impulse cycles to yield a mission-averaged specie c impulse that is higher than all-rocket technology can provide. An overview of the multimode operation is given, along with a review of both experimental and modeling work that has been done on this class of engines. Selected issues involved with these engines are discussed. These include engine/vehicle integration, e ow-path design for multimode operation, fuel selection, mixing enhancement and afterburning in rocket-ejector mode, thermal choking, and e ameholding. RBCC propulsion is becoming recognized as a promising technology for achieving a signie cant reduction in the cost of delivering payload to orbit.
Perceptual consequences of interpolating head-related transfer functions during spatial synthesis (2002)

In implementing a spatial auditory display, many engineering compromises must be made to achieve a practical system. One such compromise involves devising methods for interpolating between the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) used to synthesize spatial stimuli in order to achieve smooth motion trajectories and locations at finer resolutions than the empirical data. The perceptual consequences of interpolation can only be assessed by psychophysical studies. This paper compares three subjects' localization judgments for stimuli synthesized from non-interpolated HRTFs. Simple linear interpolations of the empirical HRTFs, stimuli synthesized from non-interpolated minimum-phase approximations of the HRTFs, and linear interpolations of the minimum-phase HRTFs. The empirical HRTFs used were derived from a different subject (SDO) from a previous study by Wightman and Kistler (1989) and whose data are provided with the Convolvotron synthetic 3D audio system. In general, the three subjects showed the same high rates of front-back and up-down confusions that were observed in a recent experiment using non-individualized (non-interpolated) transforms from SDO. However, there were no obvious differences in localization accuracy between the different types of synthesis conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NET-02 final results: A randomised, phase II trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid or docetaxel as second-line (2L) therapy in patients (pts) with progressive poorly differentiated extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (PD-EP-NEC). (2023)

646 Background: As demonstrated in the primary analysis of NET-02, nal-IRI/5-FU/folinic acid, but not docetaxel, met the primary endpoint of 6 month (mo) progression-free survival (PFS) rate in pts with progressive PD-EP-NEC. Here, the final results are presented. Methods: This was a multi-centre, randomised (1:1), phase II trial of IV nal-IRI (70mg/m 2 free base)/5-FU (2400 mg/m 2 )/folinic acid, Q14 days (ARM A), or IV docetaxel (75mg/m 2 ), Q21 days (ARM B), as 2L therapy in pts with progressive PD-EP-NEC, aimed at selecting a treatment for continuation to a phase III trial. On disease progression, pts in both arms could receive further systemic treatment as recommended by their physicians. Primary endpoint was 6 mo PFS rate; 80% power to demonstrate the one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the 6 mo PFS rate excluded 15%, if the true rate was ≥30% (required level of efficacy); a rate of <15% would give grounds for rejection (additional selection criteria: toxicity and quality of life (QoL)). Intention was to show that regimens were sufficiently active, but not to assess superiority of one regimen over the other. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), PFS, overall survival (OS), toxicity, QoL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30 and GINET21) and translational end-points. Results: Of 58 pts in 15 UK centres (Nov 18-Dec 21), 29 in ARM A (2 pts excluded for efficacy analysis: well-differentiated grade 3 (G3) neuroendocrine tumour and goblet cell adenocarcinoma), 29 in ARM B. Eight pts in both arms (27.6% each) received subsequent chemotherapy. Fifty-four pts (93%) have died; the primary end-point of 6-mo PFS rate was met in ARM A; ORR, median PFS and OS are also presented. Adverse events ≥ G3 occurred in 51.7% and 55.2% in ARM A and B with 1 and 6 discontinuations due to toxicity in ARM A and B, respectively. Health-related QoL was maintained (C30 functional scales & global health status remained stable pre-progression) and potentially improved (sustained improvement in role functioning) with nal-IRI/5-FU/folinic acid, but not docetaxel (all C30 functional scales & global health status worsened between baseline and week 18, and treatment-related symptoms also worsened in GINET21). Translational analysis is on-going. Conclusions: nal-IRI/5-FU warrants further evaluation in pts with PD-EP-NEC, with the results highlighting that conduct of randomised trials in this disease group of unmet need is possible and safe. Clinical trial information: NCT03837977 . [Table: see text]
Suppression of TLR9 Immunostimulatory Motifs in the Genome of a Gammaherpesvirus (2011)

Multiple receptors within the innate immune system have evolved to recognize nucleic acids as signatures of viral infection. It is believed that this specificity is essential for viral detection, as viruses often lack other invariant features that can serve as suitable targets for innate receptors. One such innate receptor, TLR9, has been implicated in the detection of many dsDNA viruses. In this study, we investigate the detection of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) by TLR9. We find that the genomic DNA of the murine CMV, a very potent inducer of innate responses. Genome-wide analysis of the number of stimulatory versus nonstimulatory CpG motifs present in the genome of each virus reveals that the MHV68 genome contains only a fraction of the number of immunostimulatory motifs present in murine CMV. Notably, MHV68 appears to have selectively suppressed the number of stimulatory motifs through cytosine to thymine conversion. These data suggest that certain viruses may have evolved and modified their genomic content to avoid recognition by nucleic acid-sensing receptors of the innate immune system.
Crucial role of antisense transcription across the<i>Xist</i>promoter in<i>Tsix</i>-mediated<i>Xist</i>chromatin modification (2007)

Expression of Xist, which triggers X inactivation, is negatively regulated in cis by an antisense gene, Tsix, transcribed along the entire Xist gene. We recently demonstrated that Tsix silences Xist through modification of the chromatin structure in the Xist promoter region. This finding prompted us to investigate the role of antisense transcription across the Xist promoter in Tsix-mediated silencing. Here, we prematurely terminated Tsix transcription before the Xist promoter and addressed its effect on Xist silencing in mouse embryos. We found that although 93% of the region encoding Tsix was transcribed, truncation of Tsix abolished the antisense regulation of Xist. This resulted in a failure to establish the repressive chromatin configuration at the Xist promoter on the mutated X, including DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications, especially in extraembryonic tissues. These results suggest a crucial role for antisense transcription across the Xist promoter in Xist silencing.
Robot path planning for maze navigation (2002)

This paper presents the application of multilayer perceptrons to the robot path planning problem, and in particular to the task of maze navigation. Previous published results implied that the training of feedforward multilayered networks failed, because of the nonsmoothness of data. Here the same maze problem is revisited.
Lipocalin-2, glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in Chinese people (2012)

Our findings suggest that elevated serum lipocalin-2 is closely and independently associated with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes.
A 350 MHz 3.3 V 4 Mb SRAM fabricated in a 0.3 μm CMOS process (2002)

A 35OMHz 4Mb SRAM chip in 2.5V 0.3/spl mu/m CMOS achieves a 4.1 ns flow-through access and uses self-timed, self-resetting, and low-signal swing circuits. The SRAM interfaces to LVTTL levels with a PECL clock, or to HSTL levels with either a single-ended or differential clock. The chip can be packaged in either 128k/spl times/36 or 256k/spl times/18 organizations and supports pipeline, dual-clock flowthrough, or register-latch timing protocols. A voltage regulator drives the internal power grid. High-speed circuits are used for the critical read performance path, and low-power static circuits are used in paths that do not gate chip performance.
Can concentric tube robots follow the leader? (2013)

Continuum robots have opened a broad array of applications to robotics in general, and the concentric tube continuum robots promise many benefits in medicine. Many people intuitively assume that these robots can deploy along a curved trajectory, in such a way that the curved shape of the robot's shaft remains unchanged as the tip progresses forward (i.e. “follow-the-leader” deployment). This capability would be useful in advancing along winding lumens (e.g. blood vessels, lung bronchi, etc.), as well as when the device is embedded in soft tissue and used as a steerable needle. However, in this paper we show that deploying in a follow-the-leader manner is not possible except in very special cases of tube precurvatures, combined with specific deployment sequences. We also show that follow-the-leader deployment is not possible even for many of the “simple” cases where one might intuitively expect it to be. Fortunately, useful special cases of perfect follow-the-leader behavior do exist, and we provide examples and describe the conditions that must be satisfied for this to be possible. We also study approximate follow-the-leader behavior, proposing a metric to quantify the similarity of a general deployment to a follow-the-leader deployment.
A thermal management system for the battery pack of a hybrid electric vehicle: modeling and control (2015)

The lithium-ion battery pack in hybrid electric vehicles is an important energy storage device that requires proper thermal management. A considerable amount of heat is generated by the battery cells owing to their internal resistance during charging and discharging, especially for peak vehicle loads. This study focuses on developing a smart controlled thermal management solution in which a vapor compression system is integrated. A lumped-parameter cylindrical battery thermal model is developed with a Kalman observer to estimate the transient changes in the temperatures of the battery surface, the battery core, and the cooling air flowing around the cells. For the first time, the optimal cooling air temperature of the battery is investigated using optimal control theory. A model predictive controller is then introduced to regulate the refrigerant compressor and to track the ideal cooling air temperature. In a case study, the power consumption of the thermal management system and the behavior of the internal temperature of the battery are investigated under an urban assault cycle. For various operation configurations and conditions, the numerical results demonstrate that the peak error of the core temperature of the battery can be tracked within 0.25 °C of the target value and the energy consumption of the cooling system can be reduced by up to 58%.
The First General Method for Stille Cross-Couplings of Aryl Chlorides (1999)

A "one-two punch" comprising two commercially available reagents, PtBu(3) and CsF, provides a practical and general solution for a long-standing limitation of the Stille reaction-the inability to couple inexpensive and readily available aryl chlorides [Eq. (1); R(1)=OMe, NH(2), o-Me, etc.; R=vinyl, allyl, Ph, Bu, etc.].
Yaka: document notification and delivery across heterogeneous document repositories (2002)

Nowadays people have to deal with an increasing amount of information contained in electronic documents available from numerous heterogeneous, widely distributed sources. Keeping up to date with recently published material relevant to a particular topic has become a challenge in itself. The Yaka system aims at facilitating this task by providing notification and delivery services. Yaka relies on a flexible definition of subjects through intelligent wrapping of existing information sources. Users can subscribe to these subjects in order to be notified whenever new relevant documents are published. Yaka augments document notification with document meta-information obtained through a set of integrated linguistic services. From the notification message users can directly request the document content. Yaka then delivers this content, automatically transformed into the appropriate format, through a variety of delivery media. We describe the Yaka functionality, its architecture and how we deployed it within Xerox.
The effects of disk morphology on flying-height modulation: experiment and simulation (2002)

The effect of morphology on flying height modulation (FHM) of a sub-10 nm flying air bearing slider was studied for three different disks by experiment and simulation. The experimental measurement methods are discussed and a new single beam laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) measurement method, which yielded the highest resolution with a 2 /spl mu/m beam spot size, was introduced. Analysis was performed in three different frequency bandwidths-a geometric FHM from 10 to 100 kHz, a dynamically excited FHM from 100 to 500 kHz and the third being negligible compared to the other two bands, above 500 kHz. Transfer function analysis was carried out to investigate the FHM in the lowest frequency band. FHM in the first band was shown to be caused primarily by a phase shift between the sliders' response and the disks' morphology and secondarily by decreasing slider motion with decreasing morphology wavelength, which correlated well with previous work. For two of the disks investigated, the FHM due to the disks' morphology showed air bearing excitation that resulted in an intolerable level of FHM. However, for one of the disks studied, the FHM was as low as the disk morphology for wavelengths of 2 /spl mu/m and less, which was within tolerable limits. It is concluded that when designing a disk for low FHM, it is not sufficient to characterize the quality of a disk by a single number such as roughness or waviness. Proper design and optimization of both the disk and air bearing slider results in FHM that is lower than the disks' morphology.
Recent results using laser speckle in multimode waveguides for random projections (2019)

Random projections are used in applications such as compressive sensing, speckle spectroscopy, and recurrent neural networks. Most prior work has used speckle in free-space systems. Here we report results using laser speckle in planar and cylindrical waveguides with the goal of integrating the whole system in a photonic integrated circuit. We demonstrate a compressive sensing RF receiver over the 2-19 GHz band that recovers the amplitude, phase and frequency of one or two RF sinusoids in a 4.5-ns time window. The RF signal is modulated on a wavelength-chirped optical field, derived from a dispersed mode-locked laser pulse, that propagates through a 5-m, 105-micron fiber. The output of the fiber is imaged onto a fiber bundle such that 32 independent measurements of the speckle pattern are made, and differential outputs of pairs of photodiodes are then digitized to give 16 compressive measurements. The frequency resolution in a single pulse is about 100 MHz, but the resolution can be improved to about 20 KHz by using 100 pulses at a 35 MHz rate. A simpler system uses a stable single-frequency laser diode and speckle in a planar waveguide to determine RF frequency to about 100 MHz. Finally, speckle in a multimode waveguide is used as the reservoir in a recurrent neural network to predict an RF time series.
A 0.7 &#x2013; 3.7 GHz six phase receiver front-end with third order harmonic rejection (2013)

This paper presents a highly linear receiver front-end operating from 700 MHz to 3.7 GHz with 3rd order harmonic rejection. It consists of a complementary low noise transconductance amplifier with capacitive cross coupling and negative gm current sources, a six phase current-mode passive mixer, and baseband transimpedance amplifiers providing programmable gain. The circuit has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology with an active area of just 0.09 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It consumes 7.2 mA, excluding the six phase local oscillator generation, from a 1.2 V supply, achieving a third order harmonic rejection of 40 dB, and a noise figure of 3 to 4.5 dB at 52 dB gain. The out of band IIP2 and IIP3 at full gain is +55 dBm and +5 dBm, respectively.
Biochemical Activities of Minute Virus of Mice Nonstructural Protein NS1 Are Modulated In Vitro by the Phosphorylation State of the Polypeptide (1998)

NS1, the 83-kDa major nonstructural protein of minute virus of mice (MVM), is a multifunctional nuclear phosphoprotein which is required in a variety of steps during progeny virus production, early as well as late during infection. NS1 is the initiator protein for viral DNA replication. It binds specifically to target DNA motifs; has site-specific single-strand nickase, intrinsic ATPase, and helicase activities; trans regulates viral and cellular promoters; and exerts cytotoxic stress on the host cell. To investigate whether these multiple activities of NS1 depend on posttranslational modifications, in particular phosphorylation, we expressed His-tagged NS1 in HeLa cells by using recombinant vaccinia viruses, dephosphorylated it at serine and threonine residues with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase, and compared the biochemical activities of the purified un(der)phosphorylated (NS1(O)) and the native (NS1(P)) polypeptides. Biochemical analyses of replicative functions of NS1(O) revealed a severe reduction of intrinsic helicase activity and, to a minor extent, of ATPase and nickase activities, whereas its affinity for the target DNA sequence [ACCA]2-3 was enhanced compared to that of NS1(P). In the presence of endogenous protein kinases found in replication extracts, NS1(O) showed all functions necessary for resolution and replication of the 3' dimer bridge, indicating reactivation of NS1(O) by rephosphorylation. Partial reactivation of the helicase activity was found as well when NS1(O) was incubated with protein kinase C.
Design of High Speed Addressable Memory based on Memory-Resistance Using 45nm (2014)

The amount of memory required in a particular system depends on the type of application, but, in general, the number of transistors utilized for the information (data) storage function is much larger than the number of transistors used in logic operations and for other purposes. The ever-increasing demand for larger data storage capacity has driven the fabrication technology and memory development towards more compact design rules and, consequently, toward higher data storage densities. The trend towards higher memory density and larger storage capacity will continue to push the leading edge of digital system design. Content addressable memory (CAM) having large capacity is a key element in wide variety of applications. A major challenge in realization of such systems is the complexities structure of scaling MOS transistors. This paper provides a new approach towards the layout design and modeling of memristor based CAM (MCAM) using a combination of MOS devices to form a core of a memory cell or logic cell. The non volatile characteristics and the nanoscaled geometry together with compatibility of the memristor with 45nm CMOS processing technology increases the packing density, provides for the new approaches towards power management through disabling CAM blocks without loss of stored data even if supply is ‘OFF’, reduces power dissipation, and has scope for speed improvement as the technology matures. The Microwind 3.1 software will allow designing and simulating an integrated circuit at physical description level. The main novelties related to the 45 nm technology are the high-k gate oxide, metal gate and very low-k interconnect dielectric. The effective gate length required for 45 nm technology is 25nm. An efficient chip area is designed using 45 nm CMOS technology of high speed memristor based CAM i.e. MCAM cell.
Lithium Ion Battery Models and Parameter Identification Techniques (2017)

Nowadays, battery storage systems are very important in both stationary and mobile applications. In particular, lithium ion batteries are a good and promising solution because of their high power and energy densities. The modeling of these devices is very crucial to correctly predict their state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH). The literature shows that numerous battery models and parameters estimation techniques have been developed and proposed. Moreover, surveys on their electric, thermal, and aging modeling are also reported. This paper presents a more complete overview of the different proposed battery models and estimation techniques. In particular, a method for classifying the proposed models based on their approaches is proposed. For this classification, the models are divided in three categories: mathematical models, physical models, and circuit models.
Folic Acid for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00272324.
Automatic structural abstraction techniques for enhanced verification (2002)

Computers have become central components of nearly every facet of modern life. Advances in hardware development have resulted in computers more powerful than the largest mainframe of the last decade becoming available and affordable for general use. This in turn has enabled problems which were historically intractable to become solvable with present technologies. This trend has been noted for four decades. 
Functional verification is the process of validating that a design conforms to its specification. Exhaustive verification generally requires exponential resources with respect to design size, hence there is a fine line between “solvable” and “intractable”; this cut-off point is unfortunately often far smaller than that which is practically necessary. Due to ongoing increases in hardware design size, direct application of exhaustive techniques to verify these designs requires exponentially-growing verification resources which outpaces available boosts in computing power. Therefore, on the surface, Moore's law works against the hardware verification community. 
This thesis presents an approach to battling verification complexity These techniques require only polynomial resources with respect to design size, and may yield exponential speedups to the verification process. These verification framework, enabling optimal synergy between the various techniques. 
Our specific contributions include: (1) a compositional and structural tighten the produced bounds; (2) an on-the-fly retiming technique for redundancy removal; (3) the concept of fanin register sharing to enhance min-area retiming; (4) a generalized retiming approach which eliminates reset state and input-output equivalence constraints, and supports negative target enlargement approach; (7) the technique of c-slow demonstrate the utility and synergy of these techniques in simplifying difficult problems. We therefore feel that these techniques comprise a significant step towards a scalable, automated verification system, helping to realize the prediction made by E. Allen Emerson that “Someday, Moore's Law will work for us [the verification community], rather than against us.”