gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOCS‐2 interferes with myotube formation and potentiates osteoblast differentiation through upregulation of JunB in C2C12 cells (2006)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-2 regulates normal postnatal growth and its deficiency in mice causes gigantism with increased bone length and proportional enlargement in skeletal muscles. Using C2C12 mesenchymal precursor cell line as a model, we investigated a possible role of SOCS-2 in the differentiation process of mesenchymal precursors. Stable transfection of SOCS-2 into C2C12 cells resulted in the acceleration of proliferation and survival, and inhibition of spontaneous myotube formation. In addition, SOCS-2 potentiated bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-induced transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells into osteoblast phenotypes. These effects of SOCS-2 on C2C12 cells differed strikingly from that of SOCS-1, another member of SOCS family, and its mechanisms were evaluated. SOCS-2 did not alter BMP-induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad1, nor the expression of inhibitory-Smads mRNA. However, SOCS-2 enhanced BMP-induced transcriptional activation of the Smad-responsive reporter gene, suggesting that the action of SOCS-2 is exerted at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, SOCS-2 overexpression in C2C12 cells increased the endogenous JunB protein, one of the key transcriptional factors in the control of BMP/Smad signaling responsiveness. In addition, the proteasome inhibitor enhanced JunB protein expression in C2C12 cells. Moreover, we found that SOCS-2 reduced JunB ubiquitination in COS-7 cells. Although SOCS-2 is a modulator of growth hormone (GH) signaling, the upregulation of JunB by SOCS-2 did not require GH signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that SOCS-2 positively regulates endogenous JunB protein expression in C2C12 cells through inhibition of JunB destabilization by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and thereby regulates the cell fate of mesenchymal precursors.
Detection of a Recurrent <i>DNAJB1-PRKACA</i> Chimeric Transcript in Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare liver tumor affecting adolescents and young adults with no history of primary liver disease or cirrhosis. We identified a chimeric transcript that is expressed in FL-HCC but not in adjacent normal liver and that arises as the result of a ~400-kilobase deletion on chromosome 19. The chimeric RNA is predicted to code for a protein containing the amino-terminal domain of DNAJB1, a homolog of the molecular chaperone DNAJ, fused in frame with PRKACA, the catalytic domain of protein kinase A. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses confirmed that the chimeric protein is expressed in tumor tissue, and a cell culture assay indicated that it retains kinase activity. Evidence supporting the presence of the DNAJB1-PRKACA chimeric transcript in 100% of the FL-HCCs examined (15/15) suggests that this genetic alteration contributes to tumor pathogenesis.
Immunotherapy with allergens (1992)

ALLERGEN immunotherapy is the process by which increasing doses of allergen are injected subcutaneously over time as a treatment to prevent allergic symptoms that usually occur on exposure to allergen. The effects of this therapy on the immunologic processes ascribed to allergic responses have been studied in great detail. <h3>EFFECTS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY ON THE INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC REACTIONS</h3> A number of different tools have allowed an in-depth look at the effects of immunotherapy on the cellular events, inflammatory responses, and immunologic changes that occur in allergic diseases. The nasal challenge model<sup>1</sup>has provided a means of investigating the effects of immunotherapy at both the clinical and cellular levels. Typically, standardized inhalation of allergen (nasal provocation) induces clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis that correlate with the appearance of various inflammatory mediators (histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes) in the nasal secretions. Stepwise increases of the (pollen) challenge dose induces incremental increases
Alfabetismo visual e a geração Z (2020)

O artigo tem como o objetivo geral analisar o alfabetismo visual na geracao Z. Este grupo corresponde as pessoas que nasceram entre 1995 e 2001, ou seja, apos o surgimento da internet. Trata-se de uma geracao que possui uma predisposicao para absorver com maior facilidade informacoes visuais, auditivas e sensoriais. Quanto ao problema de pesquisa, pretende-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: quais sao as principais caracteristicas que constituem o alfabetismo visual na geracao Z? O estudo tem como abordagem metodologica a utilizacao de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa do tipo exploratoria. Dentre os principais resultados destaca-se uma geracao com predisposicao para absorver e compartilhar com facilidade informacoes visuais. DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i14.820 Recebido em: 18/02/2018 Aceito em: 15/06/2020
A High-Performance Mo[sub 2]C-ZrO[sub 2] Anode Catalyst for Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cells (2006)

Anode performance of non-Pt catalysts for hydrogen oxidation was investigated in intermediate-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Molybdenum carbide showed the highest catalytic activity among the transition metal carbides tested. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of was significantly improved by the addition of to the anode. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that was more highly dispersed in the than in the , suggesting that the particle growth of was suppressed by the addition of . We also tested the performance of a fuel cell using and as the anode and electrolyte materials, respectively, between 150 and . At or higher, the anode showed a cell performance comparable to that of the anode. However, cell performance was strongly dependent on the operating temperature, reflecting that the catalytic activity of was greatly lowered by the decrease in operating temperature. Thus it was concluded that the catalyst is a promising alternative anode material to Pt, especially at intermediate temperatures.
FIRST MOVES TOWARDS AN "INTELLIGENT" GPWS. (1993)

8 ASUBTITLE: GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM ENHANCEMENTS WILL SUPPORT EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN (CFIT) ACCIDENTS.
Ulinastatin treatment and renal injury in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass. A note of aution (2013)

We appreciate the constructive comments by Dr. Guillermo Lema regarding our article. Undoubtedly, patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction would be more prone to aggravation of the renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Theoretically, these patients would benefit the most from therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the postoperative kidney injury, yet it would also require a harder clinical endpoint such as the requirement of renal replacement therapy for validation. As the incidence of renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery is low, this would require a substantial number of patients.

In our study, we used differences in renal biomarkers as the primary endpoint in a relatively homogenous group of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Compared to other valvular procedures, aortic valve surgery is associated with relatively higher incidence of acute kidney injury [1]. As with the assessment of postoperative myocardial infarction using cardiac enzymes, the correlation between renal dysfunction and changes in renal biomarkers, especially creatinine, has been well validated [2]. Even transient elevations in the postoperative serum creatinine concentrations have been shown to be associated with adverse outcome following cardiac surgery. As this was the first study to address the reno-protective effect of ulinastatin, we tried to avoid the introduction of confounding factors as much as possible. In patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction, however, the concentrations of renal biomarkers would be already increased and diverse, which could act as a major confounder. Thus, to efficiently assess the potential reno-protective effect of ulinastatin using a small sample size, we had excluded patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction. This in turn, however, invariably confronts generalization of the observed results as was commented by Dr. Guillermo Lema.

Notwithstanding the complex relationship between preoperative patient's co-morbid diseases and postoperative renal dysfunction and clinical outcome, we do acknowledge that a further study with a large sample size involving a heterogeneous group of patients would be necessary to draw a more definite conclusion adding value to the literature. We hope that our study would draw many attentions in that regard.
Exosomal <scp>RNA</scp> from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>‐Infected Cells Is Functional in Recipient Macrophages (2015)

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells that carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and function in intercellular communication. Previously, we determined that exosomes released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-infected macrophages carry mycobacterial proteins and lipids. However, the RNA composition within these exosomes has not been defined. In this study, we characterized the exosomes released from M.tb-infected macrophages and identified a cohort of mouse messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed less abundance of miRNAs in exosomes released from infected compared with uninfected macrophages. Moreover, more than 100 transcripts were found to be enriched or unique to exosomes from infected cells including transcripts involved in regulating an immune response. The exosomal RNA could be transferred and expressed in naïve macrophages and was biologically active, stimulating production of inflammatory mediators and inducing apoptosis in recipient cells. Interestingly, we also identified mycobacterial transcripts in exosomes released from infected macrophages. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify bacterial-derived RNA in exosomes. Our results suggest that exosomal RNA released from M.tb-infected macrophages may have functional and diagnostic potential in the context of a mycobacterial infection.
An architecture for large scale Internet measurement (1998)

Historically, the Internet has been woefully under-measured and under-instrumented. The problem is only getting worse with the network's ever-increasing size. We discuss the goals and requirements for building a "measurement infrastructure" for the Internet, in which a collection of measurement "platforms" cooperatively measure the properties of Internet paths and clouds by exchanging test traffic among themselves. The key emphasis of the architecture, which forms the underpinnings of the National Internet Measurement Infrastructure (NIMI) project, is on tackling problems related to scale. Consequently, the architecture emphasizes decentralized control of measurements; strong authentication and security; mechanisms for both maintaining tight administrative control over who can perform what measurements using which platforms, and delegation of some forms of measurement as a site's measurement policy permits; and simple configuration and maintenance of platforms.
Comparative safety and efficacy of topical mometasone furoate with other topical corticosteroids (2018)

Derivatives of hydrocortisone, such as mometasone furoate, a (2') furoate-17 ester with chlorine substitutions at positions 9 and 21, have been designed to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse effects. An extensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and other databases was conducted to review the safety and efficacy of various formulations of topical mometasone furoate. Mometasone furoate exhibits high potency with greater anti-inflammatory activity and a longer duration of action than betamethasone. In clinical trials, mometasone furoate shows comparable or significantly better efficacy, depending on the comparator, in all indications studied in both adults and children. It is well tolerated with only transient, mild to moderate local adverse effects. It is characterised by low systemic availability due to its high lipophilicity, low percutaneous absorption and rapid hepatic biotransformation, and consequently has no significant effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The molecular biotransformation of mometasone furoate in the skin results in a lower affinity with dermal cells than epidermal cells, which contributes to its low atrophogenicity. Sensitisation to mometasone furoate is low. Overall, mometasone furoate is a highly efficacious potent corticosteroid with a low risk of both local and systemic adverse effects.
Adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the treatment of transplant-associated lymphoma. (1993)

This study showed the role of EBV-CTL in inhibiting the development of BCL. A greater understanding of the cellular and viral interactions leading to B-cell transformation and malignancy may allow the development of specific interventional therapies in patients who have received immunosuppressants.
Modeling high-speed optical transmission systems (1993)

Computer simulation of a 2.5-Gb/s intensity-modulated/direct-detected optical system with high path dispersion is described. This simulation, based on single-mode laser diode rate equations, includes transmit and receiver circuit filtering, receiver circuit noise, avalanche photodiode noise, fiber dispersion, and laser chirp. The rate equations are sufficiently general to model mode-offset distributed feedback laser diodes. The system power penalty, due to laser chirp and fiber dispersion, is calculated using Gaussian quadrature numerical integration. By simulating a population of some 12800 laser diodes and correlating the performance of each laser in a transmission system with its spectral characteristics, it is possible to deduce laser specifications that will assure satisfactory operation in long-span links. These results are used to study a laser diode specification under consideration by CCITT, and, by studying the simulated laser line shapes, some modifications to the CCITT specification are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Subrenal capsule assay of human tumor chemosensitivity. (1991)

Breast and colon tumor response to emoxyl, a nitroxyl derivative of daunomycin, was detected using human tumor heterotransplantation under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice. The substitution of adriamycin by emoxyl in the combined therapy led to enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The evidence of enhanced response of breast tumors to emoxyl obtained during the histologic examination of xenografts is in good agreement with measurements of tumor fragment weight. It is suggested to use a quantitative kinetic index kappa calculated by the method of equivalent exponents for objective evaluation of tumor response to the drugs.
Orthopaedic Modular Implants Based on Shape Memory Alloys (2011)

Intelligent materials are those materials whose physical characteristics can be modified not only through the charging factors of a certain test, but also through diverse mechanisms involving a series of additional parameters like luminous radiation, temperature, magnetic or electric fields etc. The use of intelligent materials in medical sciences offers to the economic medium the safest way to launch effective, highly-feasible and especially biocompatible products on the internal and international markets. The most important alloy used in biomedical applications is Ni–Ti, Nitinol (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory), an alloy of an almost equal mixture of nickel and titanium, which is able to fulfil functional requirements related not only to their mechanical reliability but also to its chemical reliability and its biological reliability. Superelastic Nitinol alloys are becoming integral to the design of a variety of new medical products. The very big elasticity of these alloys is the most important advantage afforded by this material, but by no means the only or most important one. To highlight the value of superelastic Nitinol to the medical industry, we can present other properties: biocompatibility, kink resistance, constancy of stress, physiological compatibility, shape-memory deployment, dynamic interference, fatigue resistance hysteresis, and MRI compatibility (Duerig et al., 1999; Friend & Morgan, 1999; Mantovani, 2000; Pelton et al., 2000; Ryhanen et al., 1999). These properties were used for manufacturing medical products including stents, filters, retrieval baskets, and surgical tools. There are many metals exhibit superelastic effects, but only Nitinol based alloys is biologically and chemically compatible with the human body (Kapanen et al., 2002; Raghubir et al., 2007; Shabalovskaya, 1995; Yeung et al., 2007). In vivo testing and experience indicates that Nitinol is highly biocompatible, more so than stainless steel. The extraordinary compliance of Nitinol clearly makes it the metal that is most similar mechanically to biological materials. This improved physiological similarity promotes bony ingrowths and proper healing by sharing loads with the surrounding tissue, and has led to applications such as hip implants, bone spacers, bone staples, and skull plates. NiTi applications in orthopaedics currently include internal fixation by the use of fixatives, compression bone stables used in osteotomy and fracture fixation, rods for the correction of scoliosis (Yang et al., 1987), shape memory expansion staples used in cervical surgery (Sanders et al., 1993), staples in small bone surgery (Mei et al., 1997), and fixation systems for suturing tissue in minimal invasive surgery (Musialek et al., 1998). Several types of
Effects of Rejuvenating Agents on Superpave Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (2007)

Rejuvenator is not a commonly used softening agent to be used in recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In this study, Superpave mixtures containing RAP were designed using rejuvenating agents, including a rejuvenator and a softer binder, and subsequently evaluated in terms of the volumetric results, obtained the indirect tensile strength (ITS) of samples as well as evaluating the mixtures for rutting using the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA). The content of the rejuvenator used for those mixtures containing the rejuvenator was determined from the blending charts of RAP binders containing the rejuvenator. A total of 12 Superpave mixtures including 10 containing RAP and two virgin were designed. The results indicated, for the mixtures tested for this project, that: (1) properties of the recycled mixtures using the rejuvenator, such as ITS and APA, were better than those containing the softer binder; (2) 10% more RAP could be incorporated in the Superpave mixtures by using the rejuvenator than using the softer binder; and (3) the blending charts established under the Superpave binder specifications can be used to determine the content of the rejuvenator for the recycling.
PSAW and HVPSAW behaviour in layered structures (2002)

The Pseudo-SAWs (PSAW) have been extensively used since the 80's specially for high frequency SAW applications. The regular PSAW and the recently introduced High Velocity Pseudo-SAWs (HVPSAW), with phase velocities circa 40% (PSAW) and 100% (HVPSAW) higher than the phase velocities of the SAWs, permit the construction of higher frequency devices using the same photolithographic processes used for SAW devices. The resulting high frequency, high performance, and low loss devices have found immediate applications in communication equipment such as: cellular and mobile telephony, pagers, Local Area Networks (LANs), cordless phones, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and security systems. Metallic layers are essential parts of all SAW devices, playing fundamental roles in the excitation, propagation, and reflection of the SAW signal. The careful analysis of the layered structure allows the understanding of the PSAW and HVPSAW relationship with higher order lossless SAW modes, also known as Generalized SAW modes (GSAW). This original analysis shows details of PSAWs' and HVPSAWs' transitions to GSAWs through some significant examples. The analysis includes original data regarding the different surface acoustic modes which coexist for a certain layer thickness and material, including the pseudo waves. The current study discuss how the field polarization, the estimated power flow angle (PFA), the power distribution with depth, and the electromechanical coupling coefficient behave with layer thickness and layer material for the referred modes. The results presented herein find immediate interest and application in the design of low loss, high performance, high frequency SAW devices for recent wireless applications (communication, remote sensing, security).
Microfluidics-Produced Collagen Fibers Show Extraordinary Mechanical Properties (2016)

Collagens are widely used as biomaterials in drug-delivery and tissue engineering applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and hypoallergenicity. Besides gelatin-based materials, collagen microfibers are in the focus of biomedical research. Commonly, man-made fibers are produced by wet-spinning yielding fiber diameters higher than 8 μm. Here, assembly and continuous production of single collagen type I microfibers were established using a microfluidic chip. Microfluidics-produced microfibers exhibited tensile strength and Young's modulus exceeding that of fibers produced in classical wet-spinning devices and even that of natural tendon and they showed lower diameters. Their structural orientation was examined by polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showing fibril alignment within the microfiber. Cell culture tests using the neuronal cell line NG108-15 showed cell alignment and axon growth along the microfiber axes inaugurating potential applications in, for example, peripheral nerve repair.
Direct Transcriptional Activation of Human Caspase-1 by Tumor Suppressor p53 (2001)

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, and its biological responses are very often mediated by transcriptional activation of various target genes. Here we show that caspase-1 (interleukin-1beta converting enzyme), which plays a role in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and in apoptosis, is a transcriptional target of p53. Caspase-1 mRNA levels increased upon overexpression of p53 by transfection in MCF-7 cells. Human caspase-1 promoter showed a sequence homologous to the consensus p53-binding site. This sequence bound to p53 in gel shift assays. A caspase-1 promoter-reporter construct was activated 6-8-fold by cotransfection with normal p53 but not by mutant p53 (His(273)) in HeLa, as well as MCF-7, cells. Mutation of the p53-binding site in caspase-1 promoter abolished transactivation by p53. Treatment of p53-positive MCF-7 cells with the DNA-damaging drug, doxorubicin, which increases p53 levels, enhanced caspase-1 promoter activity 4-5-fold, but similar treatment of MCF-7-mp53 (a clone of MCF-7 cells expressing mutant p53) and p53-negative HeLa cells with doxorubicin did not increase caspase-1 promoter activity. Doxorubicin treatment increased caspase-1 mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells but not in MCF-7-mp53 or HeLa cells. These results show that endogenous p53 can regulate caspase-1 gene expression.