gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ablation spectra of the human cornea (2001)

Ablation of human corneal tissue with 193 nm excimer laser energy generates fluorescence in the near ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum. The fluorescence spectra from five human corneas were collected during ablation in vitro. We find that the fluorescence spectrum changes continuously as the cornea is ablated from the epithelial surface towards the endothelium. We reduced the dimensionality of the large data set resulting from each cornea by a principal components analysis. The three most significant principal component eigenvectors suffice to describe the observed spectral evolution, and independent analysis of each tissue sample produces a similar set of eigenvectors. The evolution of the calculated eigenvector weighting factors during ablation then corresponds to the observed spectral evolution. In fact, this evolution is qualitatively consistent between corneas. We suggest that this spectral evolution offers promise as a real-time surgical feedback tool.
Automatic detection of face and facial features (2008)

An algorithm to automatically detect facial features from color images has been developed. First, face region is located using skin-color information. Then, the iris candidates are extracted from the intensity valleys created from the detected face. Next, the costs for each pair of iris candidates are computed to determine the real pair of irises. Mouth region and corners are detected using color space method, image processing and corners detection techniques. This algorithm has been tested to specifically reduce the effects of beard, moustache, hairstyle and facial expression in automated facial features detection.
An electrocapillary flowmeter usable as a quantitative sweat detector (1980)

A quantitative sweat detector was devised as part of a noninvasive portable warning apparatus intended for the surveillance of unstable insulin-treated diabetics who may have nocturnal hypoglycemic attacks. The sweat sensor consists of a pair of electrodes embedded in a porous material that is infiltrated under capillary drive by sweat as it oozes out of the skin. It was shown that the detector is almost insensitive to insensible perspiration but undergoes graded variation of impedance as it is filled with sweat. It thus works as a transducer of sweat flux (flow rate through unit skin area) as long as the porous material is not saturated. This device has already proved useful as a hypogycemic alarm and could certainly be used for the measurement of sweating rate in place of more cumbersome devices involving ventilated chambers.
Evidence for 2-Hydroxy-4(Methylthio) Butanoic Acid and dl-Methionine Having Different Dose Responses in Growing Broilers (2006)

The objective of this study was to compare the gain-response curve to dietary levels of 2-hydroxy-4(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-Met (DLM) across 4 floor pen trials in which different diets were used. Six replicates of 38 or 41 birds per pen (trials 1 to 2 and 3 to 4, respectively) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. A control with 12 replicates was also included. The 2 Met sources were fed at 3 equimolar levels equally spaced, with the highest level added at requirements from 1 to 48, 49, 43, or 49 d for trials 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Commercial-type TSAA-deficient control diets contained sorghum, wheat, corn, or corn plus meat and bone meal for trials 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Performance improved at all times for most parameters after supplementing with HMTBA or DLM (P < 0.05). No differences were found in the birds fed HMTBA or DLM at any age and trial (P > 0.05), except for trial 1, in which 17-d-old birds performed better when fed HMTBA than DLM (P < 0.05). In each trial, linear, quadratic, and exponential regressions were conducted upon the gain response of birds fed HMTBA and DLM separately. Equations with better goodness of fit were used to compare the estimated gain responses to feeding HMTBA vs. DLM. In 3 trials, the shape of the gain-response curve differed when feeding HMTBA vs. DLM. In trials 3 and 4, feeding HMTBA at commercial levels resulted in greater gain responses than DLM (P < 0.05), whereas, in trials 2 and 4, at very deficient levels, DLM-fed birds outperformed those fed HMTBA (P < 0.05). When the 4 trials were combined, the dose-response curve with the best goodness of fit was linear for HMTBA and quadratic for DLM. It can be concluded that the 2 Met sources have a different dose-response form, HMTBA could outperform DLM at commercial levels, and DLM could outperform HMTBA at deficient levels.
Double‐tailed perfluoroalkyl telomeric surfactants derived from tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane for medical applications (1994)

Abstract A new family of perfluoroalkyl double‐tailed amphiphiles was synthesized in order to develop a new drug carrying and delivery system. They were obtained by telomerization of tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane (THAM) in the presence of various double‐tailed primary and secondary thiols as chain‐transfer agents, and with AIBN as the initiator. With secondary thiols, telomerization occurred in low yields (25–35% with respect to the thiol), because of the competitive formation of a disulfide by‐product, but proceeded in higher yields (45–90%, depending on the stoichiometry of the reagents) with primary thiols, thus allowing the preparation of a new family of perfluoroalkyl telomeric THAM double‐tailed amphiphiles. Preliminary biological tests showed no detectable hemolytic activity on human red blood cells at concentrations up to 20 mmol/L (50–65 g/L), whereas the hydrocarbon analogs proved to be hemolytic at 0,002 mmol/L. The LD 50 was found to be higher than 2500 mg/kg of animal.
Fault zone structure at depth from differential dispersion of seismic guided waves: evidence for a deep waveguide on the San Andreas Fault (2010)

Seismic guided wave dispersion can be used to image fault-zone structure at seismogenic depth. A two-station differential group velocity technique previously used for surface waves was adapted to solve for local fault-zone structure between two stations. This method was extended to solve for fault-zone structure between two earthquakes using differential group arrival times at a single station. The method was tested with finite-difference synthetic data for an inhomogeneous fault, as well as with a pair of shallow earthquakes recorded in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole station. Results from a pair of deep earthquakes recorded in the SAFOD borehole station indicate that the low-velocity waveguide of the San Andreas Fault extends to >10 km depth. The waveguide at 10–12 km depth is 120–190 m wide and the velocity contrast is >20 per cent, similar to the values in the shallow subsurface. Multiple earthquakes and receivers could be used to map fault zone structure at seismogenic depth as a function of depth and strike.
Study of p53 immunostaining in the gastric epithelium of cagA‐positive and cagA‐negative <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> gastritis (2002)

Our results indicate that p53 protein is immunohistochemically detectable even before gastric metaplastic/dysplastic change occurs. The results also suggest that cagA-positive H. pylori might be associated with greater p53 immunohistochemical staining. This would indicate that p53 immunohistochemical staining does not reliably differentiate between gastric dysplasia and reactive inflammatory atypia. If the p53 protein detected is a consequence of mutation, this would help to explain why cagA-positive H. pylori gastritis is associated with decreased apoptosis.
Stimulating Effects of Low-Dose Fructose on Insulin-Stimulated Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Humans (2001)

Fructose has been shown to have a catalytic effect on glucokinase activity in vitro; however, its effects on hepatic glycogen metabolism in humans is unknown. To address this question, we used (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to noninvasively assess rates of hepatic glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis under euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic conditions (approximately 400 pmol/l) with and without a low-dose infusion of fructose (approximately 3.5 micromol. kg(-1). min(-1)). Six healthy overnight-fasted subjects were infused for 4 h with somatostatin (0.1 micromol. kg(-1). min(-1)) and insulin (240 pmol. m(-2). min(-1)). During the initial 120 min, [1-(13)C]glucose was infused to assess glycogen synthase flux followed by an approximately 120-min infusion of unlabeled glucose to assess rates of glycogen phosphorylase flux. Acetaminophen was given to assess the percent contribution of the direct and indirect (gluconeogenic) pathways of glycogen synthesis by the (13)C enrichment of plasma UDP-glucuronide and C-1 of glucose. In the control studies, the flux through glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase was 0.31 +/- 0.06 and 0.17 +/- 0.04 mmol/l per min, respectively, and the rate of net hepatic glycogen synthesis was 0.14 +/- 0.05 mmol/l per min. In the fructose studies, the glycogen synthase flux increased 2.5-fold to 0.79 +/- 0.16 mmol/l per min (P = 0.018 vs. control), whereas glycogen phosphorylase flux remained unchanged (0.24 +/- 0.06; P = 0.16 vs. control). The infusion of fructose resulted in a threefold increase in rates of net hepatic glycogen synthesis (0.54 +/- 0.12 mmol/l per min; P = 0.008 vs. control) without affecting the pathways of hepatic glycogen synthesis (direct pathway approximately 60% in both groups). We conclude that during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, a low-dose fructose infusion causes a threefold increase in net hepatic glycogen synthesis exclusively through stimulation of glycogen synthase flux. Because net hepatic glycogen synthesis has been shown to be diminished in patients with poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes, stimulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis by this mechanism may be of potential therapeutic value.
Analysis and design of LCL-type series resonant converter (1994)

A series resonant converter modified by adding an inductor in parallel with the transformer primary (or secondary) is presented. This configuration is referred to as an "LCL-type series resonant converter". A simplified steady-state analysis using complex AC circuit analysis is presented. Based on the analysis, a simple design procedure is given. Detailed experimental results obtained from a MOSFET-based 640 W converter are presented to verify the analysis. A narrow variation in switching frequency is required to regulate the output voltage for a very wide change in load, and the converter has load short-circuit capability. It is shown that by placing the parallel inductor on the secondary side, the parasitics of the high-frequency transformer can be used profitably.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The reformation of Cz Si photovoltaics (2002)

New developments in all areas of Czochralski (Cz) silicon photovoltaic (PV) technology, from Si feedstock costs, to Cz crystal growth, to the introduction of wire saw technology, to novel cell designs and processing provide the basis for Cz Si achieving module costs in the $2/Wp range. This paper describes the re-formation of Cz manufacturing at Siemens Solar to achieve these lower costs, ranging from process improvements and equipment upgrades to changes in cell and module design. Continued efforts, building upon the improvements introduced in PVMat Phase 2A, will produce improved manufacturing with higher throughputs and yields at lower costs.
Conductance quantization in quasi-ballistic InGaAs nanowire MOSFETs (2015)

Summary form only given. Compound semiconductor materials such as In-rich InGaAs are promising candidates as the channel material in future CMOS technology, due to their high electron mobility and injection velocity [1]. Furthermore, multi-plegate architectures, such as the FinFET, offer improved scaling capabilities through enhanced electrostatic integrity. We have previously reported on InGaAs FinFETs utilizing selectively regrown nanowires as the channel with record-high transconductance [2]. In this work, we examine the low-temperature properties of single and multiple InGaAs nanowire MOSFETs. We observe conductance quantization and extract a mean free path λ = 500 nm ± 100 nm, which is significantly longer than reported values for etched-out InGaAs/InAs nanowires [3]. By comparing with simulations we show that the observed characteristics indicate operation close to the ballistic limit.
İŞ, TERFİ OLANAKLARI, ÜCRET VE İŞ ARKADAŞLARINDAN TATMİNİN YÖNETİCİDEN TATMİN ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİR ALAN ARATIRMASI (2015)

﻿İş tatmini, çalışanların işlerini değerlendirmeleri sonucunda edindikleri düşünce ve hisleridir. Bu araştırmada, çalışanların işlerinden, terfi olanaklarından, ücretlerinden ve iş arkadaşlarından tatmin düzeylerinin yöneticilerinden tatmin düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.Bu araştırma, iş tatmini, terfi olanaklarından tatmin, ücretten tatmin ve iş arkadaşlarından tatmin ile yöneticiden tatmin arasında ilişki olup, olmadığı ve bu değişkenlerin yöneticiden tatmini etkileyip etkilemediğini ortaya çıkarmak için yapılmıştır.Çalışma, Türkiye genelindeki sulama birliklerinden 158 çalışanın araştırmanın veri toplama aracı olan anketlere katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın hipotezleri regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular, çalışanların iş tatmini, terfi olanaklarından tatmin, ücret tatmini ve iş arkadaşlarından tatmin algılarının yöneticiden tatmin algıları üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Activation of trkA Receptors in the Human Ovary Results in Synthesis of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptors and Estrogen Secretion (2006)

These results suggest that one of the functions of NGF in the preovulatory human ovary is to increase the secretion of E(2) while preventing early luteinization via an inhibitory effect on progesterone secretion. NGF stimulates E(2) secretion both directly and by increasing the formation of FSHRs.
Tyrosine 385 of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase is required for cyclooxygenase catalysis (1990)

There are spectral and biochemical data suggesting that a tyrosine group(s) is involved in the cyclooxygenase reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase. Treatment with tetranitromethane, a reagent which nitrates tyrosine residues, abolishes cyclooxygenase activity, but this inactivation can be largely prevented by competitive cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen and indomethacin. To identify sites of nitration, native PGH synthase and indomethacin-pretreated PGH synthase were incubated with tetranitromethane, and the sequences of peptides containing nitrotyrosine were determined. Three unique tyrosines (Tyr-355, Tyr-385, and Tyr-417) were nitrated in the native enzyme but not in the indomethacin-treated PGH synthase. Using site-directed mutagenesis of sheep PGH synthase, each of these tyrosines, as well as two other tyrosine residues selected as controls (Tyr-254 and Tyr-262), were replaced with phenylalanine; cos-1 cells were transfected with constructs containing cDNAs coding for the native PGH synthase and each of the five phenylalanine mutants, and microsomes from these cells were assayed for cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase activities. The Phe-385 mutant of PGH synthase lacked cyclooxygenase activity but retained peroxidase activity; all other mutants expressed both enzyme activities. Our results establish that Tyr-385 is essential for the cyclooxygenase activity of PGH synthase and that nitration of this residue can be prevented by indomethacin. We conclude that Tyr-385 is at or near the cyclooxygenase active site of PGH synthase and could be the tyrosine residue proposed to be involved in the first step of the cyclooxygenase reaction, abstraction of the 13-proS hydrogen from arachidonate.
Transmyocardial laser revascularization combined with vascular endothelial growth factor121 (VEGF121) gene therapy for chronic myocardial ischemia – do the effects really add up? (2002)

This study of chronic myocardial ischemia with a porcine model indicates a synergistic action of TMLR and VEGF(121) gene therapy. Combined treatment alone achieved an increase of regional myocardial perfusion, which accompanied arteriogenesis and corresponded with the restoration of regional function.
ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN ADULT MICE ASSOCIATED WITH FUNCTIONAL DELETION OF SPECIFIC CTL PRECURSORS (1989)

Rejection of H-2 class I bm 1 mutant skin allografts by B6 recipient mice is mediated by a population of CD8+ anti-bm1 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that produces and consumes its own T helper factor in response to bm1 skin allografts (dual function CTL). Previously we have demonstrated that transfusion of allogeneic lymphocytes across an H-2 class I disparity induces specific long-lasting skin allograft survival. We now show that intravenous injection of allogeneic spleen cells across the bm1 mutant disparity results in a temporary decrease of donor-reactive CTLp in the spleen of recipient mice, lasting for approximately five weeks. The sponge matrix allograft model was used to show that allograft tolerance is caused by a specific functional clonal deletion of CTLp within the allograft. We propose that dual function CTL are vetoed by donor T cells, resulting in skin allograft tolerance.
Generalized Parking Occupancy Analysis Based on Dilated Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

The importance of vacant parking space detection systems is increasing dramatically as the avoidance of traffic congestion and the time-consuming process of searching an empty parking space is a crucial problem for drivers in urban centers. However, the existing parking space occupancy detection systems are either hardware expensive or not well-generalized for varying images captured from different camera views. As a solution, we take advantage of an affordable visual detection method that is made possible by the fact that camera monitoring is already available in the majority of parking areas. However, the current problem is a challenging vision task because of outdoor lighting variation, perspective distortion, occlusions, different camera viewpoints, and the changes due to the various seasons of the year. To overcome these obstacles, we propose an approach based on Dilated Convolutional Neural Network specifically designed for detecting parking space occupancy in a parking lot, given only an image of a single parking spot as input. To evaluate our method and allow its comparison with previous strategies, we trained and tested it on well-known publicly available datasets, PKLot and CNRPark + EXT. In these datasets, the parking lot images are already labeled, and therefore, we did not need to label them manually. The proposed method shows more reliability than prior works especially when we test it on a completely different subset of images. Considering that in previous studies the performance of the methods was compared with well-known architecture-AlexNet, which shows a highly promising achievement, we also assessed our model in comparison with AlexNet. Our investigations showed that, in comparison with previous approaches, for the task of classifying given parking spaces as vacant or occupied, the proposed approach is more robust, stable, and well-generalized for unseen images captured from completely different camera viewpoints, which has strong indications that it would generalize effectively to other parking lots.
A Hybrid Eulerian Lagrangian Approach for Thickness, Correspondence, and Gridding of Annular Tissues (2007)

We present a novel approach to efficiently compute thickness, correspondence, and gridding of tissues between two simply connected boundaries. The solution of Laplace's equation within the tissue region provides a harmonic function whose gradient flow determines the correspondence trajectories going from one boundary to the other. The proposed method uses and expands upon two recently introduced techniques in order to compute thickness and correspondences based on these trajectories. Pairs of partial differential equations are efficiently computed within an Eulerian framework and combined with a Lagrangian approach so that correspondences trajectories are partially constructed when necessary. Examples are presented in order to compare the performance of this method with those of the pure Lagrangian and pure Eulerian approaches. Results show that the proposed technique takes advantage of both the speed of the Eulerian approach and the accuracy of the Lagrangian approach.
Double-clad nonlinear microstructured fiber for white laser applications (2006)

We introduce the design of an amplifying and nonlinear microstructured optical fiber. This unusual guide permits the nonlinear propagation with regeneration of the pump wave. The first fabricated structure is experimentally tested for supercontinuum generation.
Preclinical Safety Evaluation of G207, a Replication-Competent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Inoculated Intraprostatically in Mice and Nonhuman Primates (2001)

G207, a replication-competent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virus, has been previously shown to be effective against human prostate cancer xenografts in mice. This study assesses its safety in the prostate of two animal models known for their sensitivity to HSV-1. BALB/c mice were injected intraprostatically with either HSV-1 G207 or strain F and observed for 5 months. None of the G207-injected animals exhibited any clinical signs of disease or died. However, 50% of strain F-injected mice displayed sluggish, hunched behavior and died by day 13. Histopathologically, the G207-injected prostates were normal whereas strain F-injected prostates showed epithelial flattening, sloughing, and stromal edema. Four Aotus nancymae monkeys were also injected with G207 intraprostatically and observed short term (up to 21 days) and long term (56 days). Safety was assessed on the basis of clinical observations, viral biodistribution, virus shedding, and histopathology. None of the injected monkeys displayed evidence of clinical disease, shedding of infectious virus, or spread of the virus into other organs. Except for minor histological changes unrelated to the study, no significant abnormalities were observed. These results demonstrate that G207 can be safely inoculated into the prostate and should be considered for human trials for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Observability, identifiability and sensitivity of vision-aided inertial navigation (2015)

We analyze the observability of 3-D pose from the fusion of visual and inertial sensors. Because the model contains unknown parameters, such as sensor biases, the problem is usually cast as a mixed filtering/identification, with the resulting observability analysis providing necessary conditions for convergence to a unique point estimate. Most models treat sensor bias rates as “noise,” independent of other states, including biases themselves, an assumption that is patently violated in practice. We show that, when this assumption is lifted, the resulting model is not observable, and therefore existing analyses cannot be used to conclude that the set of states that are indistinguishable from the measurements is a singleton. In other words, the resulting model is not observable. We therefore re-cast the analysis as one of sensitivity: Rather than attempting to prove that the set of indistinguishable trajectories is a singleton, we derive bounds on its volume, as a function of characteristics of the sensor and other sufficient excitation conditions. This provides an explicit characterization of the indistinguishable set that can be used for analysis and validation purposes.