gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modified Photoresist Resistant to Oxygen Plasmas (1990)

Conventional photoresists have been modified by the incorporation of a phosphorus‐containing compound, i.e., phosphonitrilic chloride trimer . The modification was achieved by simply dissolving (PNCT) in conventional photoresists. The phosphorus concentration varied from 5 weight percent (w/o) to 12 w/o in the modified photoresist films. These films formed a barrier layer when exposed to oxygen plasmas. After the layer was formed, no measurable resist etch rate could be detected. The resolution and mechanical properties of the modified resist films were essentially unchanged, although an increase by a factor of 1.5 in the exposure threshold was observed. Features of less than 1 μm lines and spaces were anisotropically etched in polyimide masked by this photoresist. Furthermore, metal lift‐off structures have been obtained using a bilayer process employing the modified resist.
Energy conservation in alcohol production (1983)

Explains how substantial energy savings can be achieved by integrating the distillation system into the slop concentrating evaporator of a fermentation plant. Presents diagram of a fully integrated system. Advantages of a combined system include considerable improvement in the energy balance of a fuel alcohol plant; concentration of alcohol in the feed becomes much less important; improvement in the recovery of alcohol in the feed; and it enables simpler stripping of alcohol from the fermented liquor. Such systems will reduce the net extra heat required for distillation from one-half to one-third that normally needed. The energy required for slop evaporation is slightly less than normally needed by a highly efficient vapor compression evaporator operating alone.
Retiming with logic duplication transformation: theory and an application to partial scan (2002)

Retiming when performed in conjunction with logic duplication results in many different circuit configurations that are not obtainable by retiming alone. These circuit configurations (we call RLD configurations) have significantly different area, performance and testability characteristics. We develop a formal framework that allows consideration of all configurations that can be designed using the RLD transformation. The RLD configurations are represented as a feasible solution set of an integer linear program (ILP). The objective function of the ILP can be used to explore the trade off between different design and testability metrics. We Identify an approach to solve several useful special cases of the ILP in polynomial time. As far as we know, our framework is the first to treat RLD transformations in a formal way. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, we consider the application of RLD transformation to partial scan. A recent technique determines the desired positions for scan flip-flops and then employs an RLD transformation to achieve this repositioning. No attempt is made to reduce the area overhead due to logic duplication. Using our RLD framework, we develop an efficient polynomial time algorithm to compute the desired RLD configuration for which the number of logic nodes duplicated is also minimized. Experimental results on large ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits are included to show that our algorithm is indeed very efficient.
Embedding Binary Perceptrons in FPGA to improve Area, Power and Performance (2019)

For the flexibility of implementing any given Boolean function(s), the FPGA uses re-configurable building blocks called LUTs. The price for this reconfigurability is a large number of registers and multiplexers required to construct the FPGA. While researchers have been working on complex LUT structures to reduce the area and power for several years, most of these implementations come at the cost of performance penalty. This paper demonstrates simultaneous improvement in area, power, and performance in an FPGA by using special logic cells called Threshold Logic Cells (TLCs) (also known as binary perceptrons). The TLCs are capable of implementing a complex threshold function, which if implemented using conventional gates would require several levels of logic gates. The TLCs only require 7 SRAM cells and are significantly faster than the conventional LUTs. The implementation of the proposed FPGA architecture has been done using 28nm FDSOI standard cells and has been evaluated using ISCAS-85, ISCAS-89, and a few large industrial designs. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed architecture can be used to get an average reduction of 18.1% in configuration registers, 18.1% reduction in multiplexer count, 12.3% in Basic Logic Element (BLE) area, 16.3% in BLE power, 5.9% improvement in operating frequency, with a slight reduction in track count, routing area and routing power. The improvements are also demonstrated on the physically designed version of the architecture.
Nanoengineered Sn–TiC–C composite anode for lithium ion batteries (2009)

A Sn–TiC–C nanocomposite having a dispersion of amorphous Sn particles in a nanostructured TiC + C conductive matrix offers excellent cyclability with high capacity and rate capability in lithium ion cells.
Data jitter measurement using a delta-time-to-voltage converter method (2007)

This paper demonstrates a new low cost method for data jitter measurement. It shows that jitter in data steam can be accurately measured in real time by combining an interpolated data sequence with a delta-time-to-voltage converter. Experimental results using a 2.5-Gbps PRBS with injected sinusoidal jitter and DDJ are presented to illustrate the usefulness and accuracy of this method.
Single-frequency optical parametric oscillator (1992)

An optical parametric oscillator operating on a single longitudinal mode of its resonator is described. Using KTP as the nonlinear optical material and a grazing-incidence-grating resonator, single-frequency linewidths of 0.02 cm−1 are achieved. The device, pumped at 532 nm, was tuned over 0.7–0.9 μm (signal branch) and 1.3–2.2 μm (idler branch), and operated with up to 3 mJ of output corresponding to an external photon conversion efficiency of 12%.
Two channel passive visualization of a nitinol guidewire with iron markers (2015)

Background MRI-guidance for cardiovascular catheterization is appealing to reduce ionizing radiation exposure and to enable novel procedures. “Active” guidewire-antennas for MRI-guided procedures are often designed such that the tip and shaft have distinct signals [1] to improve navigation and to make it obvious when the tip moves out of plane. Here we present a method to isolate the signal from iron markers, and produce a two channel color overlay for visualizing the shaft and tip of a nitinol guidewire.
Isolation of proteins from commercial beet sugar preparations (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of proteins from commercial beet sugar preparationsRobert L. Potter, John D. Bacheller, Lee M. Chassy, and Richard L. MansellCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 7, 1498–1502Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00097a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00097a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasticity of Cells and<i>Ex Vivo</i>Production of Red Blood Cells (2011)

The supply of transfusable red blood cells (RBCs) is not sufficient in many countries. If transfusable RBCs could be produced abundantly from certain resources, it would be very useful. Our group has developed a method to produce enucleated RBCs efficiently from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells present in umbilical cord blood. More recently, it was reported that enucleated RBCs could be abundantly produced from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The common obstacle for application of these methods is that they require very high cost to produce sufficient number of RBCs that are applicable in the clinic. If erythroid cell lines (immortalized cell lines) able to produce transfusable RBCs ex vivo were established, they would be valuable resources. Our group developed a robust method to obtain immortalized erythroid cell lines able to produce mature RBCs. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first paper to show the feasibility of establishing immortalized erythroid progenitor cell lines able to produce enucleated RBCs ex vivo. This result strongly suggests that immortalized human erythroid progenitor cell lines able to produce mature RBCs ex vivo can also be established.
Topologically robust generation of correlated photon pairs (2017)

Spontaneous parametric processes such as down-conversion (SPDC) and four-wave
mixing (SFWM) have long been the common route to generate correlated photon
pairs for quantum communications and quantum information processing. These
spontaneous processes are mediated by vacuum fluctuations of the
electromagnetic field. Therefore, by manipulating the electromagnetic mode
structure, for example, using nanophotonic structures, one can engineer the
spectrum of generated photons. However, such manipulations are susceptible to
fabrication disorders which are ubiquitous in nanophotonic systems. Here, for
the first time, we experimentally demonstrate topologically robust spectral
engineering of photon pairs generated using SFWM. Specifically, we show
efficient and spectrally confined generation of correlated photons in a
topological band. Furthermore, we show that the topological robustness of this
system manifests as a robustness in the spectral correlations of generated
photons. Our results could pave the way for topologically robust on-chip
quantum information processing.
Aliphatic/Aromatic Amino Acid Pairings for Polyamide Recognition in the Minor Groove of DNA (1998)

Selective placement of an aliphatic β-alanine (β) residue paired side-by-side with either a pyrrole (Py) or imidazole (Im) aromatic amino acid is found to compensate for sequence composition effects for recognition of the minor groove of DNA by hairpin pyrrole−imidazole polyamides. A series of polyamides were prepared which contain pyrrole and imidazole aromatic amino acids, as well as γ-aminobutyric acid (γ) “turn” and β-alanine “spring” aliphatic amino acid residues. The binding affinities and specificities of these polyamides are regulated by the placement of paired β/β, Py/β, and Im/β residues. Quantitative footprint titrations demonstrate that replacing two Py/Py pairings in a 12-ring hairpin (6-γ-6) with two Py/β pairings affords 10-fold enhanced affinity and similar sequence specificity for an 8-bp target sequence. The 6-γ-6 hairpin ImPyImPyPyPy-γ-ImPyPyPyPyPy-β-Dp, which contains six consecutive amino acid pairings, is unable to discriminate a single-base-pair mismatch site 5‘-TGTTAACA-3‘ from a 5‘-TGTGAACA-3‘ match site. The hairpin polyamide Im-β-ImPyPyPy-γ-ImPyPyPy-β-Py-β-Dp binds to the 8-bp match sequence 5‘-TGTGAACA-3‘ with an equilibrium association constant of Ka = 2.4 × 1010 M-1 and ≥48-fold specificity versus the 5‘-TGTTAACA-3‘ single-base-pair mismatch site. Modeling indicates that the β-alanine residue relaxes ligand curvature, providing for optimal hydrogen bond formation between the floor of the minor groove and both Im residues within the Im-β-Im polyamide subunit. This observation provided the basis for design of a hairpin polyamide, Im-β-ImPy-γ-Im-β-ImPy-β-Dp, which incorporates Im/β pairings to recognize a “problematic” 5‘-GCGC-3‘ sequence at subnanomolar concentrations. These results identify Im/β and β/Im pairings that respectively discriminate G·C and C·G from A·T/T·A as well as Py/β and β/Py pairings that discriminate A·T/T·A from G·C/C·G. These aliphatic/aromatic amino acid pairings will facilitate the design of hairpin polyamides which recognize both a larger binding site size as well as a more diverse sequence repertoire.
Generation of tunable laser sidebands in the far-infrared region (1985)

Continuously tunable laser sidebands have been generated by mixing radiation from an optically pumped far infrared (FIR) molecular laser, operated at 693, 762, 1627, and 1839 GHz, with that from millimeter-wave klystrons in a Schottky-barrier diode. An enhancement in conversion efficiency over similar systems reported previously is obtained by using a Michelson interferometer to separate the sidebands from the carrier and by placing the Schottky diode in an open structure corner cube mount. With 4 mW of laser power at 693 and 762 GHz the sideband power was measured to be 3.0 μW. This is at least an order of magnitude better than the previously reported results. At higher frequencies, 22 mW of 1627-GHz laser power produced about 2.5 μW of sideband output, while 3mW of 1839-GHz laser power generated about 100 nW of sideband radiation. The lower efficiency at the higher frequencies is due primarily to the mismatch between the laser radiation and the fixed-length diode antenna. To demonstrate the tunability of the generated far-infrared radiation, the laser sidebands were swept through absorption lines of HDO and H2CO near 600 and 800 GHz. The absorption signals were easily seen, using either video or lock-in detection techniques.
Enzymatic Production of Ascorbic Acid-2-phosphate (1990)

Microorganisms that produce ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA2P) from ascorbic acid (AsA) and ATP were screened from our culture collection. Of 715 strains, three microorganisms, Pseudomonas azotocolligans KY4661, P. paucimobilis KY4084, and an unidentified bacterium KY3132 were selected as AsA2P-producers. When using 50mg (wet weight) of P. azotocolligans cells per ml as the enzyme source, 3.7 mM AsA2P were produced for 23 hr, from 30mm AsA and 40mm ATP. From analytical data of the purified product from the reaction mixture, these microorganisms phosphorylated AsA at the C-2 position specifically.
Quality fruit (2002)

Non-destructive methods for determining quality are crucial to the agricultural industries. The authors describe a non-destructive ultrasonic measurement system that was developed to test the maturity, firmness and other quality-related properties of avocado and mango fruits.
MIMO downlink scheduling in LTE systems (2012)

Scheduling plays a vital role in LTE downlink systems with Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas. We consider the MIMO downlink scheduling problem at the base station (BS) in LTE networks under several practical constraints mandated by the 3GPP standards. We Define a new construct called transmission mode, which denotes a particular choice of MIMO operational mode, precoding matrix, transmission rank, as well as the modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) of up to two codewords and show that both LTE systems require that each scheduled user be served using only one transmission mode in every subframe. We prove that the resulting scheduling problems are NP-hard under both backlogged and finite queue traffic models, and then develop a unified low-complexity greedy algorithm that yields solutions guaranteed to be within 1/2 of the respective optima. Extensive performance evaluation in realistic settings reveals near-optimal performance of our proposed algorithm and that it significantly outperforms the state of the art, especially under the more practical, finite queue model.
On-chip Real-Time Power Supply Noise Detector (2006)

A new on-chip real-time noise detector that can be used for detecting voltage surges and droops on the internal power supply of VSLI circuits is presented. The noise detector is compact, and has the ability of detecting dc levels and high frequency on-chip transients of the power supply voltage. The detector has been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology, and has an area of 50times100 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured results show that the detector can detect overshoots and undershoots of less than 1 ns, and as small as 20 mV
Peripheral analgesic activities of peptides related to α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone and interleukin‐1β<sup>193–195</sup> (1992)

1. The hyperalgesic effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured in rats. 2. Hyperalgesic responses to IL-1 beta were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-related peptides with the following order of potency: [N1(4),D-Phe7]alpha-MSH greater than alpha-MSH greater than Lys-D-Pro-Val greater than Lys-Pro-Val greater than Lys-D-Pro-Thr greater than D-Lys-Pro-Thr. 3. Hyperalgesic responses to PGE2 were not inhibited by Lys-D-Pro-Thr and D-Lys-Pro-Thr but were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the other peptides with the same order of potency as against IL-1 beta. 4. The potencies of [N1(4), D-Phe7]alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH were greatly diminished by deletion of their C-terminal tripeptide, Lys11-Pro-Val13. 5. Nor-binaltorphimine (Nor-BNI) largely reversed the analgesic effects of alpha-MSH, [N1(4), D-Phe7]alpha-MSH, Lys-Pro-Val and Lys-D-Pro-Val indicating that kappa-opioid receptors mediated the analgesic activity of these peptides. 6. Nor-BNI did not antagonize the inhibition by Lys-D-Pro-Thr and D-Lys-Pro-Thr of IL-1 beta evoked hyperalgesia indicating that these peptides were not acting via kappa-opioid receptors.
Revealing pre-earthquake signatures in atmosphere and ionosphere associated with 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events in Nepal. Preliminary results (2015)

We analyze retrospectively/prospectively the transient variations of three different physical parameters of atmosphere during the time of M7.8 and M7.3 events in Nepal: outgoing earth radiation (OLR), GPS/TEC and the thermodynamic proprieties in the lower atmosphere. We found that in mid March 2015 a rapid augment of satellite observed earth radiation in atmosphere and the anomaly located in close vicinity to the future M7.8 epicenter reached the maximum on April 21-22. Our continuous satellite analysis revealed prospectively the new strong anomaly on May 3th, which was the reason to contemplate another large event in the area. On May 12, 2015 a large aftershock of M7.3 occurred. The analysis of air temperature from weather ground station near Katmandu shows analogous patterns with offset 1-2 days earlier to the satellite anomalies. The GPS/TEC data analysis indicates an augment and variation in electron density reaching a maximum value during April 22-24 period. A strong negative TEC anomaly in the crest of EIA (Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly) has occurred on April 21st and strong positive on April 24th, 2015. Our preliminary results show correlation between the pre-earthquake atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies and the occurrence of 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events in Nepal.
Optoacoustic tomography: New modality of laser diagnostic systems (2003)

The current status of optoacoustic tomography for medical applications is reviewed. For 1D optoa- coustic tomography, forward and backward modes of optoacoustic signal detection are discussed. To enhance lateral resolution of 1D tomography, a confocal optoacoustic transducer was developed and explored. The spa- tial resolution of 1D optoacoustic tomography is discussed. The applications of 1D optoacoustic tomography for the investigation of biological tissue are presented. A real-time 2D laser optoacoustic imaging system is described. The spatial resolution of 2D optoacoustic tomography is discussed. Some medical applications of 2D optoacoustic tomography are reviewed.
Confocal air-coupled ultrasonic optical coherence elastography probe for quantitative biomechanics (2020)

We present an air-coupled ultrasonic radiation force probe co-focused with a phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for quantitative wave-based elastography. A custom-made 1 MHz spherically focused piezoelectric transducer with a concentric 10 mm wide circular opening allowed for confocal micro-excitation of waves and phase-sensitive OCT imaging. Phantom studies demonstrated the capabilities of this probe to produce quasi-harmonic excitation up to 4 kHz for generation of elastic waves. Experimental results in ocular tissues showed highly detailed 2D and 3D elasticity mapping using this approach with great potential for clinical translation.
Data from Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis by SP-2, an Anti–Lectin, Galactoside-Binding Soluble 3 Binding Protein (LGALS3BP) Antibody (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Accumulating evidence indicates that serum and tissue levels of lectin, galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), a secreted glycoprotein, are elevated in human cancers. Recently, we have identified LGALS3BP as a factor capable of stimulating angiogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>. However, the potential therapeutic implications of LGALS3BP function blockade have not been explored yet. Here, we tested the ability of an anti-LGALS3BP mouse monoclonal antibody, SP-2, to antagonize LGALS3BP-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. The antibody was found to inhibit endothelial cell tubulogenesis induced by either conditioned medium of breast cancer and melanoma cells or human recombinant LGALS3BP. In addition, SP-2 inhibited phosphorylation of FAK and its recruitment to membrane sites as well as AKT and ERK phosphorylation promoted by LGALS3BP. When used <i>in vivo</i>, the antibody restrained LGALS3BP-stimulated angiogenesis and growth of tumor xenografts. Furthermore, the combination of SP-2 and low-dose bevacizumab was more effective than either agent alone. Taken together, these results lead to consideration of SP-2 as a promising candidate for LGALS3BP-targeted therapy. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 13(4); 916–25. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Computational Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Stable Zirconium Building Units for Storage and Delivery of Methane (2014)

A metal–organic framework (MOF) with high volumetric deliverable capacity for methane was synthesized after being identified by computational screening of 204 hypothetical MOF structures featuring (Zr6O4)(OH)4(CO2)n inorganic building blocks. The predicted MOF (NU-800) has an fcu topology in which zirconium nodes are connected via ditopic 1,4-benzenedipropynoic acid linkers. Based on our computer simulations, alkyne groups adjacent to the inorganic zirconium nodes provide more efficient methane packing around the nodes at high pressures. The high predicted gas uptake properties of this new MOF were confirmed by high-pressure isotherm measurements over a large temperature and pressure range. The measured methane deliverable capacity of NU-800 between 65 and 5.8 bar is 167 cc(STP)/cc (0.215 g/g), the highest among zirconium-based MOFs. High-pressure uptake values of H2 and CO2 are also among the highest reported. These high gas uptake characteristics, along with the expected highly stable structure of NU-800, make it a promising material for gas storage applications.