gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the trend, detrending, and variability of nonlinear and nonstationary time series (2007)

Determining trend and implementing detrending operations are important steps in data analysis. Yet there is no precise definition of "trend" nor any logical algorithm for extracting it. As a result, various ad hoc extrinsic methods have been used to determine trend and to facilitate a detrending operation. In this article, a simple and logical definition of trend is given for any nonlinear and nonstationary time series as an intrinsically determined monotonic function within a certain temporal span (most often that of the data span), or a function in which there can be at most one extremum within that temporal span. Being intrinsic, the method to derive the trend has to be adaptive. This definition of trend also presumes the existence of a natural time scale. All these requirements suggest the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method as the logical choice of algorithm for extracting various trends from a data set. Once the trend is determined, the corresponding detrending operation can be implemented. With this definition of trend, the variability of the data on various time scales also can be derived naturally. Climate data are used to illustrate the determination of the intrinsic trend and natural variability.
Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus by Class Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (2003)

The measurement of antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) has been essential for understanding the epidemiology of hepatitis E. Studies to determine the prevalence of HEV infections require a reliable serologic assay that is sensitive and specific. It is also important to distinguish the acute from the convalescent phase of an infection; this usually requires the detection of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class of antibody. Few enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) that measure IgM anti-HEV have been described, and most have utilized the sandwich method. The present study describes an EIA that detects IgM anti-HEV by antibody class capture methodology. The assay was validated by using serum and/or plasma panels from experimentally infected nonhuman primates. It was used to demonstrate an anamnestic response and the reappearance of IgM anti-HEV in a chimpanzee experimentally challenged with HEV at two different times 45 months apart. The class capture method was more sensitive than the sandwich EIA when used to test clinical samples from two hepatitis E epidemics in Pakistan; it also had the advantage of distinguishing IgM anti-HEV in the presence of high titers of IgG anti-HEV.
Demonstration of an 11km Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber for Broadband Low-latency Data Transmission (2015)

We report the fabrication of a record 11km length of photonic bandgap fiber supporting >200nm bandwidth with longitudinally uniform loss of ≈5dB/km at 1560nm and demonstrate error-free, low-latency, direct-detection 10Gbit/s transmission across the entire C-Band.
Physics of Widely Tunable VCSELs with Coupled Cavities (2018)

The behavior of a tunable VCSEL is governed by the resonances of a semiconductor cavity and an air cavity. By designing a semiconductor cavity which is antiresonant at the tuning center, the free spectral range is maximized at the edges of the tuning range.
Generalized Memristive Device SPICE Model and its Application in Circuit Design (2013)

This paper presents a SPICE model for memristive devices. It builds on existing models and is correlated against several published device characterization data with an average error of 6.04%. When compared to existing alternatives, the proposed model can more accurately simulate a wide range of published memristors. The model is also tested in large circuits with up to 256 memristors, and was less likely to cause convergence errors when compared to other models. We show that the model can be used to study the impact of memristive device variation within a circuit. We examine the impact of nonuniformity in device state variable dynamics and conductivity on individual memristors as well as a four memristor read/write circuit. These studies show that the model can be used to predict how variation in a memristor wafer may impact circuit performance.
Quantum arithmetic and numerical analysis using Repeat-Until-Success circuits (2016)

We develop a method for approximate synthesis of single-qubit rotations of the form e−if(φ1,...,φk)X that is based on the Repeat-Until-Success (RUS) framework for quantum circuit synthesis. We demonstrate how smooth computable functions f can be synthesized from two basic primitives. This synthesis approach constitutes a manifestly quantum form of arithmetic that differs greatly from the approaches commonly used in quantum algorithms. The key advantage of our approach is that it requires far fewer qubits than existing approaches: as a case in point, we show that using as few as 3 ancilla qubits, one can obtain RUS circuits for approximate multiplication and reciprocals. We also analyze the costs of performing multiplication and inversion on a quantum computer using conventional approaches and find that they can require too many qubits to execute on a small quantum computer, unlike our approach.
Optimized concurrent interleaving architecture for high-throughput turbo-decoding (2003)

Future applications of turbo-codes will demand higher throughput than the currently envisioned 2 Mbit/s for 3rd generation wireless communication. Several approaches have already been made to design high throughput component decoders. The interleavers which separate the component decoders, however, have not yet gained much attention, although they form a severe data transfer bottleneck. Based on our previous work, which demonstrated how to widen the interleaver bottleneck through concurrent interleaving, we present in this paper a new architecture optimized with respect to routing and interconnect properties of deep-submicron technologies. Our interconnect driven design approach leads to simplified local interleaver cells with almost negligible control flow. No global routing nor global control is necessary. A parameterizable VHDL model was developed for profiling and synthesis under the 3GPP scenario using different degrees of parallelization.
GaN Based Active Matrix Light Emitting Diode Array by Flip-Chip Technology (2008)

This paper reports the first GaN based active matrix light emitting diode (AMLED) array. The array, fabricated by CMOS compatible process and flip-chip technology, can control the LED pixel individually and exhibit excellent emission uniformity.
Chameleon: Survey-Free Updating of a Fingerprint Database for Indoor Localization (2016)

In fingerprint-based indoor localization, keeping fingerprints current is important for localization accuracy. Because access point (AP) signals can change over time or suddenly, the traditional approach is to survey the site regularly and frequently, which is laborious and costly. The authors propose Chameleon, a novel survey-free approach to localize users and maintain an updated fingerprint database despite fingerprint signal changes. In Chameleon, clients are both location "queriers" and unconscious "surveyors" (implicit crowdsourcing). Independent of and amenable to any fingerprint-based localization algorithm, Chameleon employs a clustering algorithm to filter out the altered AP signals to achieve high localization accuracy. Using the calculated location and the collected signals of the client, the fingerprint database can be continuously updated without manual intervention. Extensive experimental trials at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and at the Hong Kong International Airport confirm that Chameleon can adapt the radio map to the current signal environment and achieve low localization error despite signal changes.
SDRAM-Energy-Aware Memory Allocation for Dynamic Multi-Media Applications on Multi-Processor Platforms (2003)

Heterogeneous multi-processors platforms are an interesting option to satisfy the computational performance of dynamic multi-media applications at a reasonable energy cost. Today, almost no support exists to energy-efficiently manage the data of a multi-threaded application on these platforms. In this paper we show that the assignment of data of dynamically created/deleted tasks to the shared memory has a large impact on the energy consumption. We present two dynamic memory allocators which solve the bank assignment problem for shared multi-banked SDRAM memories. Both allocators assign the tasksý data to the available SDRAM banks such that the number of page-misses is reduced. We have measured large energy savings with these allocators compared to existing dynamic memory allocators for several task-sets based on MediaBench[5].
New Developments in High Performance Magnetic SeparationTechnology for Laboratory and Industrial Applications (2005)

No abstract prepared.
Degradation Decomposition of the Perceived Quality of Speech Signals on the Basis of a Perceptual Modeling Approach (2007)

The authors discuss the way we perceive the quality of a speech signal and how different degradations contribute to the overall perceived speech (listening) quality. More specifically, ITU-T Recommendation P.862 (perceptual evaluation of speech quality-PESQ), which provides a perceptual modeling approach with which the subjectively perceived speech quality can be predicted, is used as a starting point for a degradation decomposition algorithm. This algorithm decomposes the perceived degradation into three different contributions by finding specific degradation indicators that quantify the impact of each type of degradation separately. The first degradation indicator quantifies the impact of additive noise as found in many speech-processing situations, such as when unwanted background noise is sent over a voice connection. The second degradation indicator quantifies the impact of linear timeinvariant frequency response distortions as. for example, introduced by a band-limited telephone system. The last degradation indicator quantifies the impact of the time-varying behavior of the system under test. This time response degradation indicator quantifies the impact of temporal signal loss, as found with packet loss in modern digital speech connections, and the impact of pulses (clicks) as found in many speech-processing systems.
Development of a 90-Minute Integrated Noninvasive Urinary Assay for Bladder Cancer Detection (2017)

We developed a 90-minute, urine based test that is simple to perform for the detection of bladder cancer. The test can help guide physician decision making in the management of bladder cancer. Additional evaluation in a prospective study is needed to establish the clinical usefulness of this assay.
Evaluation of articular cartilage repair using biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds in a swine model: a pilot study (2008)

The aim of this study was to evaluate a cell-seeded nanofibrous scaffold for cartilage repair in vivo. We used a biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold seeded with allogeneic chondrocytes or xenogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or acellular PCL scaffolds, with no implant as a control to repair iatrogenic, 7 mm full-thickness cartilage defects in a swine model. Six months after implantation, MSC-seeded constructs showed the most complete repair in the defects compared to other groups. Macroscopically, the MSC-seeded constructs regenerated hyaline cartilage-like tissue and restored a smooth cartilage surface, while the chondrocyte-seeded constructs produced mostly fibrocartilage-like tissue with a discontinuous superficial cartilage contour. Incomplete repair containing fibrocartilage or fibrous tissue was found in the acellular constructs and the no-implant control group. Quantitative histological evaluation showed overall higher scores for the chondrocyte- and MSC-seeded constructs than the acellular construct and the no-implant groups. Mechanical testing showed the highest equilibrium compressive stress of 1.5 MPa in the regenerated cartilage produced by the MSC-seeded constructs, compared to 1.2 MPa in the chondrocyte-seeded constructs, 1.0 MPa in the acellular constructs and 0.2 MPa in the no-implant group. No evidence of immune reaction to the allogeneically- and xenogeneically-derived regenerated cartilage was observed, possibly related to the immunosuppressive activities of MSCs, suggesting the feasibility of allogeneic or xenogeneic transplantation of MSCs for cell-based therapy. Taken together, our results showed that biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds seeded with MSCs effectively repair cartilage defects in vivo, and that the current approach is promising for cartilage repair.
Effect of Essential Oils on the Lipids of the Retina in the Ageing Rat: A Possible Therapeutic Use (1997)

Abstract A study has been made on the effects of the dietary administration of a selection of volatile oils from medicinal plants on the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in the retina of aged (28 month old) rats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids comprised by far the major proportion of the total unsaturated content within the retinal phospholipids with docosahexaenoic acid predominating. The administration daily of 3-9 mg of the essential oils from clove, nutmeg, pepper and thyme over a period of 17 months resulted in the maintenance of very much higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid, within the retinal phospholipids. This increase occurred mainly at the expense of a reduction in the level of oleic acid. The possible efficacy for the application of the oils from such medicinal plants through their antioxidant capacities in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration is discussed.
Audio-Specific Signal Processor(ASSP) for High-Quality Audio Codec (2005)

This paper proposes an audio-specific signal processor for a high-quality audio codec. Filter bank calculation and Huffman decoding require massive computation in MPEG-2/4 AAC decoding. Therefore, the proposed architecture is specially designed for these tasks. The proposed architecture has two optimized units for the IMDCT (inverse modified discrete cosine transform) and Huffman decoding. Performance comparisons show significant improvement compared with other commercial DSPs. The proposed ASSP has been synthesized using the Samsung SEC 0.18 mum standard cell library. The proposed ASSP core consists of 120,283 gates and runs at 200 MHz
Synthesis and antiviral activity of carbocyclic analogs of 2'-deoxyribofuranosides of 2-amino-6-substituted-purines and of 2-amino-6-substituted-8-azapurines (1984)

(+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 beta, 4 alpha)-4-[(2,5-Diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl) amino]-2-hydroxycyclopentanemethanol (9) was synthesized by beginning with 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine and (+/-)-1 alpha, 2 beta, 4 alpha)-4-amino-2-hydroxycyclopentanemethanol, preparing the 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)azo] derivative of the resulting pyrimidine, and reducing the azo derivative. The carbocyclic analogue of 2-amino-6-chloropurine 2'-deoxyribofuranoside (10) was prepared from 9 and triethyl orthoformate, and the analogous 8-azapurine (11) was obtained by diazotizing 9. From 10 or 11, the carbocyclic analogues of 2'-deoxyguanosine, 2'-deoxythioguanosine, 2,6-diaminopurine 2'-deoxyribofuranoside, 2'-deoxy-8-azaguanosine, and 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine 2'-deoxyribofuranoside were prepared. All of these 2'-deoxyribofuranoside analogues were active against herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) replicating in cells in culture; some demonstrated potent activity.
Novel Low Temperature Route to Produce CdS/ZnO Composite Nanofibers as Effective Photocatalysts (2020)

In this work, CdS/ZnO composite nanofibers (NFs) were prepared by the electrospinning of a sol–gel comprised of poly(caprolactone), zinc acetate dihydrate, cadmium acetate dihydrate, and ammonium sulfide. The electrospun NF mats were calcined under vacuum in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at 200 °C for 1 h. Standard physiochemical analysis techniques demonstrated the formation of the crystalline hexagonal phase of CdS and ZnO. Composite NFs showed good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation compared to their counterparts. CdS nanoparticles, ZnO nanofibers, and composite NFs photodegraded 35.5%, 47.3%, and 90% of the MB dye, respectively, within 100 min. The reaction kinetics of MB photodegradation using the composite NFs followed the pseudo-first-order relation. Owing to their facile preparation and good photodegradation ability, the proposed method can be used to prepare various photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
Demonstration of a Multi-Layer Spoofing Detection Implemented in a High Precision GNSS Receiver (2020)

Civilian applications including vehicular navigation, electrical power grids and digital communication networks are relying on GNSS-based position and timing services and motivation has increased to disrupt these systems and endanger safety of life and critical applications. GNSS signals are susceptible to jamming and spoofing attacks due to being weak near the earth's surface. Herein, realistic spoofing scenarios and their features will be characterized. This characterization is based on spoofing/authentic relative signal power, how synchronous the spoofing signals are to the authentic ones and the availability of both spoofing and authentic signals. A variety of detection methods are defined, using metrics derived at different layers of a GNSS receiver with a single antenna input. An on-board spoofing detection unit was implemented on NovAtel's OEM7 family of receivers. This unit collects different metrics from the GNSS signal processing chain and provides a real-time indication if the receiver is under spoofing attack. The probability of false detection during jamming or multipath conditions is given special consideration, since a false declaration of the presence of a spoofing attack could lead to incorrect, unnecessary or even dangerous reactions from the user or spoofing mitigation implementations. However, if spoofing signals are present, the user (and the receiver) must be aware of these to choose an appropriate course of action. Test results are presented using several spoofing scenarios based on GNSS hardware simulator, repeaters and software defined radios in conditions ranging from stationary to kinematic, with low and high levels of multipath.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nano-Plant-Like Electrodes (2008)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable attention as a cost-effective alternative to conventional inorganic solar cells. These cells operate on a process similar to photosynthesis, the process by which green plants generate chemical energy from sunlight. A thick semiconductor nanoparticle film provides a large surface area for the adsorption of energy by light harvesting organic dye molecules which then "inject" electrons into the nanostructured semiconductor electrode. This process is accompanied by a charge transfer to the dye from an electron donor mediator supplied by an electrolyte, resetting the cycle. A significant increase in the long-term stability and the efficiency of DSSCs has been realized during the last few years. However, still the current nanoparticle-based DSSCs suffer from the trap-limited diffusion transport mechanism of electrons, a slow mechanism that limits the device efficiency, especially at longer wavelengths. Recently we have developed a new version of the dye-sensitized cells in which the traditional electrode (sintered nanoparticle film) is replaced by a specially designed ZnO electrode possessing an exotic 'nanoplant-like' morphology. This advance fixes a major efficiency limiting factor in current nanoparticle-based DSSCs. The direct electrical pathway, provided by the interconnected nanoplants, provides rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device, and significantly enhances the conversion efficiency of the system over that of sintered nanoparticle based solar cells.
Leveraging ectopic Hsp90 expression to assay the presence of tumor cells and aggressive tumor phenotypes in breast specimens (2017)

Hsp90 has been studied extensively as a therapeutic target in breast cancer in pre-clinical and clinical trials, demonstrating a variety of roles in metastatic progression. The evidence to date suggests a compelling opportunity to leverage attributes of Hsp90 expression beyond therapeutics with potential applications in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence risk assessment. In this study, we developed a completely non-destructive strategy using HS-27, a fluorescently-tethered Hsp90 inhibitor, to assay Hsp90 expression on intact tissue specimens with comparable contrast to in vivo administration routes, and demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in breast cancer patients. In addition to Hsp90 inhibition being most effective in glycolytic tumors, we found ectopic Hsp90 expression to be highest in glycolytic tumors reinforcing its role as an indicator of aggressive disease. This work sets the stage for immediately using Hsp90 to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients without affecting traditional care pathways.
Tire-derived carbon for catalytic preparation of biofuels from feedstocks containing free fatty acids (2018)

The utilization of waste feedstocks rich in free fatty acids (FFAs) improves biofuel production on the basis of economics and sustainability. However, converting these feedstocks to usable biofuel poses inherent problems in terms of the FFA to biofuel conversion yield and the catalyst lifetime. Here, we report novel ferric sulfate impregnated carbon derived from waste tires as highly active catalysts for FFA to biofuel conversion. Our approach takes advantage of facile synthesis methods involving sonication and dehydration processes to create materials that are useful for the efficient catalytic conversion of FFAs to advanced biofuels. Esterification of FFAs to fatty acid methyl esters was achieved at 65 °C and atmospheric pressure with >98% yield even in the presence of triglycerides. These catalysts maintained similar activity after four successive uses, which indicates that the active catalytic sites are effectively supported by the three-dimensional meso/microporous architecture of the tire-derived carbon.
Small area bends and polarizing beamsplitters for compact planar lightwave circuits (2003)

Much attention has been focused on reducing the size of waveguide components to enable higher levels of integration in planar lightwave circuits (PLCs). Waveguide bends and splitters are particularly critical elements that heavily influence overall component size. An obvious approach to shrink the size of such components is to use waveguides with high refractive index contrast that permit a minimum bend radius in the range of microns to 10’s of microns. However, most commercially available PLCs are based on very low loss silica waveguides, which have a low refractive index as well as low refractive index contrast between the core and clad. Moreover, polymer waveguides, which typically have similar low refractive index and low index contrast, continue to receive attention as an attractive candidate for PLCs. We have developed an approach that permits the realization of small bends and beamsplitters in low index and low index contrast materials systems such as silica and polymers. Our approach is based on multiple etched air trenches with planar interfaces and includes both single air interface and multiple air trench designs. In the case of multiple air trenches, we have used a micro-genetic algorithm (µGA) with a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to rigorously design high efficiency waveguide bends.