gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cigarette craving and subsequent coping responses among smoking cessation clinic participants. (1989)

Withdrawal symptoms, including craving, have been cited as common reasons for relapse into smoking. This study looked at 29 subjects enrolled in a community-based smoking cessation clinic to determine their levels of craving at 48 hours and end-of-clinic, as well as to determine those situational factors that precipitated a craving episode and the subsequent coping responses used during the first 48 hours post-cessation. Subjects completed the Shiffman-Jarvik Craving Subscale (SJCS) and the Visual Analogue Scale of Craving (VAS) to measure the severity of their cigarette craving. Data obtained from both tools were analyzed via paired t-tests. Mean difference scores on the SJCS (D = 1.42, t = 4.58, p less than 0.0002) and the VAS (D = 36.39, t = 4.46, P less than 0.0003) indicated that all subjects experienced craving during the first 48 hours after quitting, and that craving decreased significantly over a two-week period, corresponding with the end-of-clinic. Situational factors related to craving included: being at work, negative affect, and late afternoon hours. Coping responses to craving were categorized as either affective- or problem-oriented, with the former cited by subjects 73% of the time.
Optically Upconverted, Spatially Coherent Phased-Array-Antenna Feed Networks for Beam-Space MIMO in 5G Cellular Communications (2017)

The densification of cellular networks and their soon-to-increase operational frequency is forcing new topological considerations in 5G networks. In particular, networks that enable extreme spatial discrimination are being considered as a means to significantly increase data capacity by realizing spatial-spectral channels that offer frequency reuse without co-channel or adjacent-channel interference. In this paper, we present a new approach to realizing such a capability based on optically upconverted, spatially coherent phased-array feed networks. The details of our approach, presented herein, include the design and initial demonstration of both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) array systems that are used in tandem to form a down-/up-link for the purpose of characterizing both array and link performance. Design parameters and initial link characterization results are presented.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate Into Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Repair Bone Defects (2016)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently the most established cells for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration of various skeletal conditions; however, availability of autologous MSCs is very limited. This study demonstrates a new method to differentiate human fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to cells with MSC properties, which we comprehensively characterized including differentiation potential and transcriptomic analysis. We showed that these iPS-derived MSCs are able to regenerate nonunion bone defects in mice more efficiently than bone marrow-derived human MSCs when overexpressing BMP6 using a nonviral transfection method.
Effects of green tea on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and expression of PPARα and PPARγ and their target genes in obese dogs (2007)

As in man, canine obesity is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and other chronic diseases. This study was designed to examine the effects of a nutritional supplement (green tea) on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid concentrations in an obese insulin-resistant dog model. We also determined mRNA expression of two transcription factors, PPARgamma and PPARalpha, and some of their target genes, including GLUT4, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adiponectin. Obese dogs were divided into two groups: a green tea group (n 6); a control group (n 4). Dogs in the green tea group were given green tea extract (80 mg/kg per d) orally, just before their single daily meal, for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity (using a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and concentrations of plasma TAG, total cholesterol and NEFA were assessed in each group. Gene expression was measured in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and in liver and skeletal muscle, by real-time PCR. At 12 weeks in the green tea group, mean insulin sensitivity index was 60 (SEM 11) % higher (P < 0.05) and TAG concentration 50 (SEM 10) % lower (P < 0.001), than baseline. PPARgamma, GLUT4, LPL and adiponectin expression were significantly higher in both adipose tissues, whilst PPARalpha and LPL expression were significantly higher in skeletal muscle, compared with baseline. These findings show that nutritional doses of green tea extract may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid profile and alter the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
A Theory of Wave Devouring Propulsion (1st Report) (1982)

In the present paper, two aspects of wave energy utilization for ship propulsion or so-called “Wave Devouring Propulsion”** are clarified.(1) From a general viewpoint of conversion of the wave energy into the thrust, the possibility of the wave devouring propulsion is proved by considering the property of the ideal thrust generated by incoming waves and that of the drag required to propel a ship.(2) As a realization of the wave devouring propulsion, the thrust generation by an oscillating hydrofoil advancing in waves is discussed. This problem has already been discussed by wu15), 16) , but the free surface effect is not included in his theory. When the conversion of the wave power into the propulsive power is aimed at through interaction between a wave and a converter, for example, a hydrofoil, it seems to the author that the free surface effect should not be neglected, since the thrust increase due to the wave power absorption and the wave resistance increase are both proportional to the square of the wave amplitude. In the present paper, Wu's theory is improved by including the free surface effect approximately, and some numerical results are given for a non-oscillating hydorfoil advancing in waves or “A Linear Wells Turbine”.
Guillermo Camero, Aurora Egido, Mario Hernández, Pilar Palomo, Gustav Siebenmann, Jaime Siles: "Poesía del 27" (1990)

We recommend the use of the endovascular procedure as a first-line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic tumour in the presence of SVCS.
A Model-Based Evaluation of Sorptive Reactivities of Hydrous Ferric Oxide and Hematite for U(VI) (2007)

The sorption of uranyl onto hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) or hematite was measured by discontinuously titrating the suspensions with uranyl at pH 5.9, 6.8, and 7.8 under Pco2 = 10(-35)atm (sorption isotherms). Batch reactors were used with equilibration times up to 48 days. Sorption of 1 microM uranyl onto HFO was also measured versus pH (sorption edge). A diffuse double layer surface complexation model was calibrated by invoking three sorption species that were consistent with spectroscopic evidence for predominance of bidentate complexes at neutral pH and uranyl-carbonato complexes: > SOH:UO2OH(+1), (> SO)2: UO2CO3(-2), and (> SO)2:(UO2)3(OH)5(-1). The model was consistent with previously published isotherm and edge data. The model successfully predicted sorption data onto hematite, only adjusting for different measured specific surface area. Success in application of the model to hematite indicates that the hydrated surface of hematite has similar sorptive reactivity as HFO.
Editorʼs Note (2006)

Twenty-eight complete volumes of the Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy have now been published. I would like to recognize and thank the Editorial Board members and reviewers (listed below) for their essential contribution to the process. Their faithfulness has permitted me to communicate disposition to our authors within a mean 7.0 weeks of manuscript receipt. This rapid review continues to distinguish the Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy from many other peer-reviewed journals. In 2005, we were able to publish 5 papers in each issue. The published research reports, reviews, and case studies covered a broad range of topics relevant to geriatric physical therapy. The Journal, formerly indexed in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, is now indexed in PubMed/Medline as well. Thus, our authors' work now realizes greater exposure and hopefully broader application in clinical care. A. Williams Andrews Dale Avers John O. Barr James Bellew Jennifer Bottomley Marybeth Brown Zeevi Dvir Richard Fortinsky Timothy Hanke Anne Harrison Timothy Kauffman Sarah Lamb Michelle Lusardi Kathleen Mangione Geraldine Pellecchia Hiroyuki Shimada T. Brock Symons David Tiberio Anthony Vandervoort Richard W. Bohannon PT, EdD, NCS, FAHA Editor, Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy
Second generation DSP software for picture rate conversion (2002)

Great progress has been made in motion estimation (ME). This has led to a high-quality second-generation scan-rate conversion (SRC) algorithm which runs on a commercially available programmable platform. The new system has a higher quality of motion estimation/compensation and de-interlacing than the first generation. The paper presents the new algorithm, and highlights the advances in performance.
Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls (2016)

Human language can express limitless meanings from a finite set of words based on combinatorial rules (i.e., compositional syntax). Although animal vocalizations may be comprised of different basic elements (notes), it remains unknown whether compositional syntax has also evolved in animals. Here we report the first experimental evidence for compositional syntax in a wild animal species, the Japanese great tit (Parus minor). Tits have over ten different notes in their vocal repertoire and use them either solely or in combination with other notes. Experiments reveal that receivers extract different meanings from 'ABC' (scan for danger) and 'D' notes (approach the caller), and a compound meaning from 'ABC-D' combinations. However, receivers rarely scan and approach when note ordering is artificially reversed ('D-ABC'). Thus, compositional syntax is not unique to human language but may have evolved independently in animals as one of the basic mechanisms of information transmission.
Time Domain Simulation of Two Interacting Ships Advancing Parallel in Waves (2011)

A 3D Rankine source method is developed to solve the initial-boundary value problem of two ships advancing in waves. Linear wave effects are considered. The two ships are assumed advancing parallel with identical forward speed, with or without stagger, and the Neumann-Kelvin flow is chosen as the steady basis flow. An artificial numerical beach is applied to satisfy the radiation condition. A fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used for the 12 degree of freedom dynamic solver of the two ships. The present solver is validated through studying linear radiation and diffraction problem of one or two ships by comparing with analytical or model test results. The coupled motion solver is applied to a single S-175 ship advancing in waves and two parallel advancing ships which were tested in the MARINTEK towing tank (Ronæss, 2002) and promising agreements are obtained.
Differential effects of IFN-γ on kidney cell expression of MHC class II molecules, kidney cell associated molecules and their stimulatory capacity in mixed lymphocyte kidney cell culture (1993)

Mixed cell co-cultures of lymphocytes responding to kidney cells (MLKC), islets of Langerhans (MLIC) and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), were used to clarify mechanisms in allogeneic and autoimmune (tissue-associated) antigen presentation. Fresh kidney cortical tubular cells (KC), Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), and dog kidney (6247) (DK) cell lines were used in MLKC reactions, and islets of Langerhans were used in the MLIC as putative antigen presenting cells (APC). The stimulating cells were treated with purified or recombinant dog interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and the detection of class II MHC molecule expression was assessed by a moneclonal antibody (mAb) (B1F6). Transcription of MHC class II mRNA and IFN-gamma mRNA was measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, and detection of a kidney cell (tissue-associated) antigen molecule was assessed by the mAb I1F6 that recognizes 72 and 150 kDa tubular cell protein(s) (KT1). The MDCK cell line constitutively expressed low levels of MHC class II molecules and KT1. The steady-state level of the MHC class II mRNA transcription was virtually unaltered by treatment with IFN-gamma (400 units) for 48 hours; however, the MHC cell surface protein expression was enhanced. The KC and DK cell lines constitutively expressed KT1, but not MHC class II molecules; these cells required a minimum of 4000 units, and a 62-hour incubation with IFN-gamma was needed to upregulate both surface MHC class II molecules and the transcription of corresponding specific mRNA. In the MLKC reaction both the MDCK and DK cell lines, as well as fresh KC cells, could serve as lymphocyte activators. This could be amplified by exogenous IFN-gamma. The removal of APC from the responding T cell population did not reduce the IFN-gamma effect. This indicates that IFN-gamma treatment allows for the expression of all of the co-stimulating factors and/or adhesion molecules necessary for these cells to serve as (surrogate) APC (direct as opposed to indirect antigen presentation). The requirements for purified IFN-gamma to increase this amplification was greater in the MLKC reactions with kidney cells than in the MLC reactions. The mAbs anti-IFN-gamma and I1F6 differed in their ability to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation depending on the different cell types involved. The I1F6 inhibited the MDCK and DK cell-driven MLKC (in the absence of exogenous IFN-gamma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Selecting patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer for 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy using proteomic analysis. (2018)

708 Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common adjuvant treatment for stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). However, about 20% of patients relapse within 48 months of treatment with 5-FU, even when combined with oxaliplatin. To improve patient selection, tumor biomarkers that predict sensitivity to 5-FU have been proposed. These include proteins involved in 5-FU activation or metabolism such as uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS). We used multiplexed mass spectrometry to evaluate the utility these biomarkers in the archived tumor samples of patients with stage II/III CRC. Methods: Tumor samples were from 143 patients with stage II/III CRC who received adjuvant 5-FU, folinic acid, and oxaliplatin during 2000-2014; 83% of patients received 12 cycles and the others received ≤ 11 cycles. Tumor cells were microdissected and solubilized, and 67 candidate biomarkers were quantitated using mass spectrometry. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Protein expression by tumor stage, lymph node (LN) status, tumor sidedness was compared using the Student’s t-test. Results: Of 143 patients, 45 had recurrence and 98 patients did not. UCK2 was detected in all samples, ranging from 187 to 1606 attomoles per microgram of total protein (amol/µg). Patients with UCK2 expression above 335 amol/μg (n = 109) had significantly longer OS than patients with lower expression (n = 34; HR: 0.42; p= 0.009). There was no significant difference in RFS (HR: 0.6; p= 0.088). UCK2 expression did not differ by disease stage, LN metastasis status, or tumor sidedness. TYMS expression was not associated with survival in this cohort. Analysis of other biomarkers associated with response to 5-FU and platinum is in progress. Conclusions: In stage II/III CRC, UCK2 expression above 335 amol/μg identifies a subgroup of 5-FU-treated CRC patients with longer survival, suggesting that quantitated UCK2 has potential for use in selecting patients for treatment. These findings warrant validation in larger cohorts.
Three‐Dimensional Photomobility of Crosslinked Azobenzene Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Fibers (2009)

Crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymer fibers containing azobenzene moieties show three-dimensional movements under photoirradiation (see figure). The direction of the photomobility of the fibers could be controlled by manipulating the actinic light source. The generated stress upon photoinduced bending reached 210 kPa, which is similar to the stress in human muscles. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thermal battery based on a new, high-voltage cathodic material (2002)

The authors studied and developed a new cathodic compound for thermal batteries, based on a derivative of vanadium pentoxide and carbon. This compound presents a flat discharge plateau of 2.15 V vs LiAl (at a discharge current of 0.2 A/cm/sup 2/), i.e., a gain of 400 mV with respect to FeS/sub 2/. The synthesis route of the material was studied and tested in single cell versus LiAl anodes to optimize the discharge efficiency. Discharge performances are good up to 1 A/cm/sup 2/. In order to get a better knowledge of its potential, and to take complete advantage of its high energy density, the optimized material was then tested in batteries of various configurations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of small process geometries on microarchitectures in systems on a chip (2001)

Process effects in deep-submicrometer geometries are expected to change the physical organization, or microarchitecture, of integrated circuits. The factor that is expected to primarily impact integrated circuit microarchitectures is increasing delays in interconnect. We believe that, to properly microarchitect integrated circuits in small process geometries, it is necessary to get as detailed a picture as possible of the effects and then to draw conclusions about changes in microarchitecture. To this end, in this paper we describe a comprehensive approach to accurately characterizing the device and interconnect characteristics of present and future process generations. This approach uses a detailed extrapolation of future process technologies to obtain a realistic view of the future of circuit design. We then proceed to quantify the precise impact of interconnect, including dynamic delay due to noise, on the performance of high-end integrated circuit designs. Having determined this, we then reconsider the impact of future processes on integrated-circuit design methodology. We determine that local interconnect effects can be managed through a deep-submicrometer design hierarchy that uses 50 K-100 K gate modules as primitive building blocks. In light of this new system-on-a-chip microarchitecture, we then examine global interconnect issues. Our results indicate that, while global communication speeds will necessarily be lower than local clock speeds, international Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors expectations should be attainable to the 0.05-/spl mu/m technology generation. Achieving these high clock speeds (10 GHz local clock) will be aided by the use of a newly proposed routing hierarchy that limits interconnect effects at each level of a design (local, isochronous, and global). In addition, key components of the interconnect architecture of the future include fat (or unscaled) global wires, intelligent repeater and shield wire insertion, and efficient packaging technologies.
Use of botulinum toxin in facial paralysis (2003)

Facial paralysis triggers aesthetic and functional changes that hold significant physical and psychological repercussions to those suffering from this condition. Botulinum toxin may be used to reduce the facial asymmetry encountered in patients suffering from facial paralysis. The onset of improvement starts usually 15 days after the injection. Patients' satisfaction increases with time, especially after 30 days. Adverse events concerning the perioral area are found but resume as the patients get used to the new dynamics. The use of botulinum toxin is effective in decreasing the hyperkinesis contralateral to facial paralysis. The global aesthetic aspect of the face improves.
Dynamics of confined plumes during short and ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of graphite (2005)

The optical emission from electronically excited C species in the ablation plume following the short (ns) and ultrashort (fs) UV pulsed laser ablation of graphite is studied. Wavelength, time and spatially resolved imaging of the plume, in background pressures of inert gases such as argon and helium, is performed. Analysis of images of optical emission from ${\mathrm{C}}^{+*}$ ions and ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}^{*}$ radicals, yielded estimates of the apparent velocity of emitting species, which appear to arise both from the initial ablation event and, in the presence of background gas, mainly from impact excitation. At elevated background pressures of argon $({P}_{\mathrm{Ar}})$, the formation and propagation of a shock wave is observed for ns pulses, whereas for fs pulses, the propagation of two shock waves is observed. During fs ablation, the first shock wave we associate with an initial burst of highly energetic/electronically excited ablated components, indicative of an enhanced fraction of non-thermal ejection mechanisms when compared with ns ablation. The second shock wave we associate with subsequently ejected, slower moving, material. Concurrent with the plume dynamics investigations, nanostructured amorphous carbon materials were deposited by collecting the ablated material. By varying ${P}_{\mathrm{Ar}}$ from 5 to 340 mTorr, the film morphology could be changed from mirror smooth, through a rough nanostructured phase and, at the highest background pressures for ns pulses, to a low density cluster-assembled material. The evident correlations between the film structure, the mean velocities of the emitting C species, and their respective dependences upon ${P}_{\mathrm{Ar}}$ are discussed for both pulse durations. In addition, we comment on the effect of observed initial plume dynamics on the subsequent C cluster formation in the expanding plume.
Journalism and Social Media (2014)

Journalism and Social Media This paper examines the values and dangers of the use of Twitter for modern day journalists in gathering and reporting the news. As my research will suggest, Twitter has been a highly useful tool for journalists in gathering and disseminating the news. As opposed to the traditional news cycles, journalists use Twitter to disseminate stories in real time, often as they are happening. Twitter is an effective news gathering tool as it allows them to communicate instantly with sources, or witnesses to news events. However, this same pull toward expediency has drawbacks, particularly in the area of accuracy, the most vital component of a journalist’s credibility. The “rush to Tweet” pressures journalists to the extent that, in some cases, sources are not appropriately vetted , resulting in inaccurate reporting. However, my research suggests that journalists will continue to use Twitter as it serves multiple purposes for both journalists and their audience.