gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical and reliability characteristics of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ferroelectric thin films for DRAM applications (2003)

The electrical and reliability characteristics of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ferroelectric capacitors are presented. Thin Pb(Zr/sub 0.5/Ti/sub 0.5/)O/sub 3/ films of 350 nm were prepared using a solution-gelatin technique. Hysteresis loop and pulse measurement methods indicate that PZT films exhibit a large charge storage density of 7.3 mu C/cm/sup 2/ and an equivalent dielectric constant of approximately 577. In addition, good endurance behavior (no fatigue or aging wearout after >10/sup 13/ cycles under accelerated unipolar stressing), reasonable transient characteristics (with estimated write time of approximately 0.1 ns and refresh time of approximately 2.5 s), and high effective breakdown field suggest that the PZT ferroelectric material has good potential for applications in advanced DRAMs (dynamic RAMs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pattern correction in large deployable reflector antennas with phased array feed (2002)

Recently, engineers have focused on developing mobile satellite communications systems using GEO, MEO and LEO satellites. We are now studying an on-board antenna for future S-band mobile satellite communications using hand-held terminals. This antenna is carried on a GEO satellite, and consists of a large deployable mesh reflector and a primary feed using an active phased array. It has the advantage of beam forming flexibility. For example, when its radiation pattern changes due to an amplifier problem, we can obtain the desired pattern by adjusting the only excitation phase of the array feed. We first present the satellite antenna's configuration, then describe pattern correction by adjusting the excitation phase of the array feed.
BaSnO3 as a channel material in perovskite oxide heterostructures (2016)

BaSnO3 (BSO) is a transparent perovskite oxide with high room-temperature mobility, a property that is highly desirable for a channel material in transistors. However, its low density of states (DOS) makes it challenging to confine a high-density two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Using hybrid density functional theory, we calculate the band structure of BSO, its DOS, and its band offsets with candidate barrier materials, such as SrTiO3 (STO), LaInO3, and KTaO3. With the calculated material parameters as input, Schrödinger-Poisson simulations are then performed on BSO heterostructures to quantitatively address the issue of 2DEG confinement. The BSO/STO interface with a conduction-band offset of 1.14 eV limits the 2DEG density confined within BSO to 8×1013 cm−2. Strategies to improve the confinement via band-offset engineering are discussed.
Cardiotocographic Diagnosis of Fetal Health based on Multiclass Morphologic Pattern Predictions using Deep Learning Classification (2018)

Medical complications of pregnancy and pregnancy-related deaths continue to remain a major global challenge today. Internationally, about 830 maternal deaths occur every day due to pregnancy-related or childbirth-related complications. In fact, almost 99% of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries. In this research, an alternative and enhanced artificial intelligence approach is proposed for cardiotocographic diagnosis of fetal assessment based on multiclass morphologic pattern predictions, including 10 target classes with imbalanced samples, using deep learning classification models. The developed model is used to distinguish and classify the presence or absence of multiclass morphologic patterns for outcome predictions of complications during pregnancy. The testing results showed that the developed deep neural network model achieved an accuracy of 88.02%, a recall of 84.30%, a precision of 85.01%, and an F-score of 0.8508 in average. Thus, the developed model can provide highly accurate and consistent diagnoses for fetal assessment regarding complications during pregnancy, thereby preventing and/or reducing fetal mortality rate as well as maternal mortality rate during and following pregnancy and childbirth, especially in low-resource settings and developing countries.
Research Note—Sell First, Fix Later: Impact of Patching on Software Quality (2006)

We present a model of fixing or patching a software problem after the product has been released in the market. Specifically, we model a software firm’s trade-off in releasing a buggy product early and investments in fixing it later. Just as the marginal cost of producing software can be effectively zero, so can the marginal cost of repairing multiple copies of defective software by issuing patches. We show that due to the fixed cost nature of investments in patching, a software vendor has incentives to release a buggier product early and patch it later in a larger market. Thus, a software monopolist releases a product with fewer bugs but later than what is socially optimal. We contrast this result with physical good markets where market size does not play any role in quality provision. We also show that for comparable costs, a software monopolist releases the product with more bugs but invests more in post-patching support later than the physical good monopolist.
Transcriptional repression by wild-type p53 utilizes histone deacetylases, mediated by interaction with mSin3a (1999)

There is growing evidence that the p53 tumor suppressor protein not only can function to activate gene transcription but also to repress the expression of specific genes. Although recent studies have implicated the transcriptional repression function of p53 in the pathway of apoptosis, the molecular basis of this activity remains poorly understood. This study takes a first step toward elucidating this mechanism. We report that trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), abrogates the ability of p53 to repress the transcription of two genes that it negatively regulates, Map4 and stathmin. Consistent with this finding, we report that p53 physically associates in vivo with HDACs. This interaction is not direct but, rather, is mediated by the corepressor mSin3a. Both wild-type p53 and mSin3a, but not mutant p53, can be found bound to the Map4 promoter at times when this promoter preferentially associates with deacetylated histones in vivo. Significantly, inhibition of p53-mediated transcriptional repression with TSA markedly inhibits apoptosis induction by p53. These data offer the first mechanistic insights for p53-mediated transcriptional repression and underscore the importance of this activity for apoptosis induction by this protein.
Measurement of two-photon absorption cross sections of dye molecules doped in thin films of polymethylmethacrylate (1997)

Two-photon absorption cross sections of two dye molecules, doped in thin films of polymethylmethacrylate, are measured by comparing fluorescence intensities induced by single- and two-photon excitations. Ratio of the single- and two-photon absorption cross sections is related to the ratio of the single- and two-photon pumped fluorescence intensities. Using this sensitive and background-free detection technique, dispersion of the nonlinearity is measured over a wavelength range of 700–800 nm.
NearZero: An Integration of Phase Change Memory with Multi-Core Coprocessor (2017)

Multi-core based coprocessors have become powerful research vehicles to analyze a large amount of data. Even though they can accelerate data processing by using a hundred cores, the data unfortunately exist on an external storage device. The separation of computation and storage introduces redundant memory copies and unnecessary data transfers over different physical device boundaries, which limit the benefits of coprocessor-accelerated data processing. In addition, the coprocessors need assistance from host-side resources to access the external storage, which can require additional system context switches. To address these challenges, we propose NearZero, a novel DRAM-less coprocessor architecture that precisely integrates a state-of-the-art phase change memory into its multi-core accelerator. In this work, we implement an FPGA-based memory controller that extracts important device parameters from real phase change memory chips, and apply them to a commercially available hardware platform that employs multiple processing elements over a PCIe fabric. The evaluation results reveal that NearZero achieves on average 47 percent better performance than advanced coprocessor approaches that use direct I/Os (between storage and coprocessors), while consuming only 19 percent of the total energy of such advanced coprocessors.
Fabrication and radio frequency characterization of high dielectric loss tubule-based composites near percolation (1998)

Microscopic lipid tubules with an average aspect ratio (length/diameter) of approximately 12 were metallized electrolessly with copper or nickel-over-copper, and mixed with vinyl to make foot-square composite dielectric panels. As loadings increased the metal tubule composites displayed an onset of electrical percolation with accompanying sharp increases in real and imaginary permittivities. Gravity-induced settling of the tubules while the vinyl was drying increased true loading density at percolation threshold for nickel/copper tubules to ∼12 vol %. This threshold was at a significantly lower loading density than that previously measured for percolation by composites containing spherical conducting particles. Qualitatively, the shape of the composite permittivity versus loading density curves followed predictions by the effective-mean field theory for conducting stick composites. Changes in permittivity of the vinyl panels were observed for several days after fabrication, and were apparently associated with solvent evaporation from the matrix.
A Broader‐scope Analysis of the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenols and Azo Dyes with Noble Metal Nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract In addition to the broad environmental implications associated with the removal of nitroaromatics from industrial effluent, the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol ( 4NP ) has emerged as a benchmark model for quantifying catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles. Here we present a series of noble metal nanoparticles immobilized on amorphous carbon ( Au@C , Ag@C , Pt@C and Pd@C ). All materials show competitive catalytic activity over 4NP , amino‐substituted nitrophenols ( ANPs ) and azo dyes. Overall, Pd@C exhibits superior activity that increases further when exposed to recycling protocol. Moreover, testing all materials synthesized over a broader substrate scope with added functionalities reveals inconsistencies in the prognosticating ability of the ubiquitous 4NP model reaction. By incorporating variably substituted ANPs into the substrate scope and averaging performance, the resulting rank of catalyst activity more accurately reflects activity trends when applied to other reducible functionalities, such as ‐N=N‐ groups in azo dyes.
Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(1H)-ones. IV* Chemical Modification of 3-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-ones (2000)

Reaction of 3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (1) and its 5,5-dimethyl derivative (4) with phosphorus pentasulfide gave the corresponding 6-thiones (2) and (5); methylation of (2) gave the 6-methylsulfanyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine (3), also obtained by reaction of 6-chloro-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine (8) with sodium thiomethoxide. Reaction of (8) with morpholine afforded the 6-(morpholin-4-yl) derivative (9). Reaction of (1) with isopropyl isocyanate gave N-isopropyl-6-oxo-3-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-1-carb-oxamide (19a), and a Mannich reaction of (1) with morpholine and formaldehyde gave the 1-morpholinomethylene derivative (20a). Attempts to effect cycloaddition of 1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (12) with a ben-zonitrile oxide failed. Reaction of the thione (2) with 1,3-dipolarophiles gave unstable adducts.
Gas phase photocatalytic degradation on TiO{sub 2} pellets of volatile chlorinated organic compounds from a soil vapor extraction well (1993)

The mineralization of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in gas stream from a soil vapor extraction (SVE) well was demonstrated with an annular photocatalytic reactor packed with porous TiO{sub 2} pellets in field trials at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC. The TiO{sub 2} pellets were prepared using a sol-gel method. The experiments were performed at 55 to 60{degree}C using space times of 10{sup 8} to 10{sup 10} g s/mol for TCE and PCE. Chloroform (CHCl{sub 3}) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4}) were detected as minor products from side reactions. On a molar basis, CCl{sub 4} and CHCl{sub 3} produced were about 2% and 0.2 % of the reactants.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Two Commercial Reactive Dyes in Aqueous Phase Using Nanophotocatalysts (2009)

This study involves the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Orange 4 (RO4) dyes, employing heterogeneous photocatalytic process. Photocatalytic activity of different semiconductors such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been investigated. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters through amount of catalyst, concentration of dye, and pH on photocatalytic degradation of RB5 and RO4. The experiments were carried out by varying pH (3-11), amount of catalyst (0.25-1.5 g/L), and initial concentration of dye (10-100 mg/L). The optimum catalyst dose was found to be 1.25 and 1 g/L for RB5 and RO4, respectively. In the case of RB5, maximum rate of decolorization was observed in acidic medium at pH 4, whereas the decolorization of RO4 reached maximum in basic region at pH 11. The performance of photocatalytic system employing ZnO/UV light was observed to be better than TiO2/UV system. The complete decolorization of RB5 was observed after 7 min with ZnO, whereas with TiO2, only 75% dye degraded in 7 min. In the case of RO4, 92 and 62% decolorization was noticed in the same duration.
Multiplexed Detection of Attomoles of Nucleic Acids Using Fluorescent Nanoparticle Counting Platform (2017)

The sensitive multiplexed detection of nucleic acids in a single sample by a simple manner is of pivotal importance for the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. Herein, we constructed an automatic fluorescent nanoparticle (FNP) counting platform with a common fluorescence microscopic imaging setup for nonamplification multiplexed detection of attomoles of nucleic acids. Taking the advantages of the highly bright, multicolor emitting FNPs and magnetic separation, the platform enables sensitive multiplexed detection without the need for extra fluorescent labels. Quantification for multiplex DNAs, multiplex microRNAs (miRNA), as well as a DNA and miRNA mixture was achieved with a similar dynamic range, a limit of detection down to 5 amol (5 μL detection volume), and a 81-115% spike recovery from different biological sample matrices. In particular, the sensitivity for multiplex miRNA is by far among the highest without using amplification or the lock nucleic acid hybridization enhancement strategy. Results regarding miRNA-141 from four different cell lines were agreeable with those of the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Simultaneous detection of miRNA-141 and miRNA-21 in four different cell lines yielded consistent results with publications, indicating the potential for monitoring multiplex miRNA expression associated with the collaborative regulation of important cellular events. This work expands the rule set of multiplex nucleic acid detection strategies and shows promising potential application in clinical diagnosis.
Multi-issue negotiation protocol for agents: exploring nonlinear utility spaces (2007)

Multi-issue negotiation protocols have been studied widely and represent a promising field since most negotiation problems in the real world involve in-terdependent multiple issues. The vast majority of this work has assumed that negotiation issues are independent, so agents can aggregate the util-ities of the issue values by simple summation, pro-ducing linear utility functions. In the real world, however, such aggregations are often unrealistic. We cannot, for example, just add up the value of car’s carburetor and the value of car’s engine when engineers negotiate over the design a car. These value of these choices are interdependent, result-ing in nonlinear utility functions. In this paper, we address this important gap in current negotia-tion techniques. We propose a negotiation protocol where agents employ adjusted sampling to gener-ate proposals, and a bidding-based mechanism is used to find social-welfare maximizing deals. Our experimental results show that our method substan-tially outperforms existing methods in large non-linear utility spaces like those found in real world contexts. 1
Transcriptional activation by simian virus 40 large T antigen: interactions with multiple components of the transcription complex. (1993)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a potent transcriptional activator of both viral and cellular promoters. Within the SV40 late promoter, a specific upstream element necessary for T-antigen transcriptional activation is the binding site for transcription-enhancing factor 1 (TEF-1). The promoter structure necessary for T-antigen-mediated transcriptional activation appears to be simple. For example, a promoter consisting of upstream TEF-1 binding sites (or other factor-binding sites) and a downstream TATA or initiator element is efficiently activated. It has been demonstrated that transcriptional activation by T antigen does not require direct binding to the DNA; thus, the most direct effect that T antigen could have on these simple promoters would be through protein-protein interactions with either upstream-bound transcription factors, the basal transcription complex, or both. To determine whether such interactions occur, full-length T antigen or segments of it was fused to the glutathione-binding site (GST fusions) or to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain (amino acids 1 to 147) (Gal4 fusions). With the GST fusions, it was found that TEF-1 and the TATA-binding protein (TBP) bound different regions of T antigen. A GST fusion containing amino acids 5 to 172 (region T1) efficiently bound TBP. TEF-1 bound neither region T1 nor a region between amino acids 168 and 373 (region T2); however, it bound efficiently to the combined region (T5) containing amino acids 5 to 383.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nutrition and Behavior: Complex Interdisciplinary Research (1984)

Nutrition and behavior research presents a particularly challenging field of study for scientists. An overview is provided of research on nutrition and behavior of adequately nourished populations in industrialized countries. Discussions and findings from research presented include: refined carbohydrate consumption, maladaptive behavior, behavior disorders and learning; a history of the 'Feingold diet' and the basis for its controversy; an examination of recent critiques of research on artificial food dyes and hyperkinesis; indications for dietary intervention of hyperactive preschoolers; the role of iron in behavior disorders; effects of sub-clinical vitamin deficiencies on behavior; trace element analysis studies and violent behavior; and, suggested guidelines for further research into this complex and challenging field. Studies cited are from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
TALE: A Tool for Approximate Large Graph Matching (2008)

Large graph datasets are common in many emerging database applications, and most notably in large-scale scientific applications. To fully exploit the wealth of information encoded in graphs, effective and efficient graph matching tools are critical. Due to the noisy and incomplete nature of real graph datasets, approximate, rather than exact, graph matching is required. Furthermore, many modern applications need to query large graphs, each of which has hundreds to thousands of nodes and edges. This paper presents a novel technique for approximate matching of large graph queries. We propose a novel indexing method that incorporates graph structural information in a hybrid index structure. This indexing technique achieves high pruning power and the index size scales linearly with the database size. In addition, we propose an innovative matching paradigm to query large graphs. This technique distinguishes nodes by their importance in the graph structure. The matching algorithm first matches the important nodes of a query and then progressively extends these matches. Through experiments on several real datasets, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Structure‐Function analysis of human IL‐6: Identification of two distinct regions that are important for receptor binding (1994)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in host defense. It has been predicted that IL-6 may fold as a 4 alpha-helix bundle structure with up-up-down-down topology. Despite a high degree of sequence similarity (42%) the human and mouse IL-6 polypeptides display distinct species-specific activities. Although human IL-6 (hIL-6) is active in both human and mouse cell assays, mouse IL-6 (mIL-6) is not active on human cells. Previously, we demonstrated that the 5 C-terminal residues of mIL-6 are important for activity, conformation, and stability (Ward LD et al., 1993, Protein Sci 2:1472-1481). To further probe the structure-function relationship of this cytokine, we have constructed several human/mouse IL-6 hybrid molecules. Restriction endonuclease sites were introduced and used to ligate the human and mouse sequences at junction points situated at Leu-62 (Lys-65 in mIL-6) in the putative connecting loop AB between helices A and B, at Arg-113 (Val-117 in mIL-6) at the N-terminal end of helix C, at Lys-150 (Asp-152 in mIL-6) in the connecting loop CD between helices C and D, and at Leu-178 (Thr-180 in mIL-6) in helix D. Hybrid molecules consisting of various combinations of these fragments were constructed, expressed, and purified to homogeneity. The conformational integrity of the IL-6 hybrids was assessed by far-UV CD. Analysis of their biological activity in a human bioassay (using the HepG2 cell line), a mouse bioassay (using the 7TD1 cell line), and receptor binding properties indicates that at least 2 regions of hIL-6, residues 178-184 in helix D and residues 63-113 in the region incorporating part of the putative connecting loop AB through to the beginning of helix C, are critical for efficient binding to the human IL-6 receptor. For human IL-6, it would appear that interactions between residues Ala-180, Leu-181, and Met-184 and residues in the N-terminal region may be critical for maintaining the structure of the molecule; replacement of these residues with the corresponding 3 residues in mouse IL-6 correlated with a significant loss of alpha-helical content and a 200-fold reduction in activity in the mouse bioassay. A homology model of mIL-6 based on the X-ray structure of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is presented.