gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced ceramic packaging for microwave and millimeter wave applications (1995)

Advances in integrated circuit technologies have produced devices with higher speeds, frequencies, powers, and functional complexity. In addition, these attributes have been realized with smaller and smaller semiconductor devices. Such improvements are primarily due to the effective control and management of wafer-scale interconnect technology. It has become apparent, however, that the next level of interconnect technology to be addressed is in the packaging of these high performance semiconductors. As frequency or speed increases, packaging can quickly become the chief inhibitor to electrical response by degrading signal propagation or by contributing to structural configurations that foster cavity resonances or waveguide modes. The paper attempts to lay out the electrical, structural, material, and cost considerations that need to be simultaneously addressed by the microwave engineer to design the best interconnection method possible between the die and the subsystem. Several packaging concepts are reviewed-from single transition design to multilayer, multichip modules for phased-array applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovering Contexts and Contextual Outliers Using Random Walks in Graphs (2009)

The identifying of contextual outliers allows the discovery of anomalous behavior that other forms of outlier detection cannot find. What may appear to be normal behavior with respect to the entire data set can be shown to be anomalous by subsetting the data according to specific spatial or temporal context. However, in many real-world applications, we may not have sufficient a priori contextual information to discover these contextual outliers. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a probabilistic approach based on random walks, which can simultaneously explore meaningful contexts and score contextual outliers therein. Our approach has several advantages including producing outlier scores which can be interpreted as stationary expectations and their calculation in closed form in polynomial time. In addition, we show that point outlier detection using the stationary distribution is a special case of our approach. It allows us to find both global and contextual outliers simultaneously and to create a meaningful ranked list consisting of both types of outliers. This is a major departure from existing work where an algorithm typically identifies one type of outlier. The effectiveness of our method is justified by empirical results on real data sets, with comparison to related work.
Functional characterization of fault tolerant integration in distributed sensor networks (1991)

Fault-tolerance is an important issue in network design because sensor networks must function in a dynamic, uncertain world. A functional characterization of the fault-tolerant integration of abstract interval estimates is proposed. This model provides a preliminary version for a general framework that is hoped to develop to address the general problem of fault-tolerant integration of abstract sensor estimates. A scheme for narrowing the width of the sensor output in a specific failure model is proposed and given a functional representation. The main distinguishing feature of the model over the original model of K. Marzullo (1989) is in reducing the width of the output interval estimate significantly in most cases where the number of sensors involved is large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CloudDLP: Transparent and Scalable Data Sanitization for Browser-Based Cloud Storage (2020)

Browser-based cloud storage services are still broadly used in enterprises for online sharing and collaboration. However, sensitive information in images or documents may be easily leaked outside trusted enterprise on-premises due to such cloud services. Existing solutions to prevent data leakage in cloud storage services either limit many functionalities of cloud applications or are difficult to be scaled to various cloud applications. In this paper, we propose CloudDLP, a transparent and scalable approach for enterprises to automatically sanitize sensitive data in images and documents with various browser-based cloud applications. CloudDLP is deployed as an internet gateway within the premises of an enterprise using JavaScript injecting techniques and deep learning methods to sanitize sensitive premise data. It neither compromises the user experience nor significantly affects application functionalities in browser-based cloud storage services. We have evaluated CloudDLP with a number of real-world cloud applications. Our experimental results show that it can achieve automatic data sanitization with cloud storage services while preserving most functionalities of cloud applications.
A System for Tracking and Locating Emergency Personnel Inside Buildings (2000)

Mr. Ilir F. Progri received his Diploma of Engineer Degree in Electrical Engineering from Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania in 1994. He received his MS degree in Electrical Engineering from Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in 1997. He is currently a graduate student of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, WPI, perusing his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering with strong emphasis in carrier phase and signal processing, integrity monitoring, precision approach and landing, filter design and implementation, numerical methods and numerical linear algebra, software development and management.
Towards Self-Tuning Memory Management for Data Servers (1999)

Although today&apos;s computers provide huge amounts of main memory, the ever-increasing load of large data servers, imposed by resource-intensive decision-support queries and accesses to multimedia and other complex data, often leads to memory contention and may result in severe performance degradation. Therefore, careful tuning of memory mangement is crucial for heavy-load data servers. This paper gives an overview of self-tuning methods for a spectrum of memory management issues, ranging from traditional caching to exploiting distributed memory in a server cluster and speculative prefetching in a Web-based system. The common, fundamental elements in these methods include on-line load tracking, near-future access prediction based on stochastic models and the available on-line statistics, and dynamic and automatic adjustment of control parameters in a feedback loop. 1 The Need for Memory Tuning Although memory is relatively inexpensive and modern computer systems are amply equipp...
Novel Selective Inhibitors of Neutral Endopeptidase for the Treatment of Female Sexual Arousal Disorder. Synthesis and Activity of Functionalized Glutaramides (2006)

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a highly prevalent sexual disorder affecting up to 40% of women. We describe herein our efforts to identify a selective neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor as a potential treatment for FSAD. The rationale for this approach, together with a description of the medicinal chemistry strategy, lead compounds, and SAR investigations are detailed. In particular, the strategy of starting with the clinically precedented selective NEP inhibitor, Candoxatrilat, and targeting low molecular weight and relatively polar mono-carboxylic acids is described. This led ultimately to the prototype development candidate R-13, for which detailed pharmacology and pharmacokinetic parameters are presented.(1)
Series pneumatic artificial muscles (sPAMs) and application to a soft continuum robot (2017)

We describe a new series pneumatic artificial muscle (sPAM) and its application as an actuator for a soft continuum robot. The robot consists of three sPAMs arranged radially round a tubular pneumatic backbone. Analogous to tendons, the sPAMs exert a tension force on the robot's pneumatic backbone, causing bending that is approximately constant curvature. Unlike a traditional tendon driven continuum robot, the robot is entirely soft and contains no hard components, making it safer for human interaction. Models of both the sPAM and soft continuum robot kinematics are presented and experimentally verified. We found a mean position accuracy of 5.5 cm for predicting the end-effector position of a 42 cm long robot with the kinematic model. Finally, closed-loop control is demonstrated using an eye-in-hand visual servo control law which provides a simple interface for operation by a human. The soft continuum robot with closed-loop control was found to have a step-response rise time and settling time of less than two seconds.
Project risk assessment using the analytic hierarchy process (1991)

Construction projects often fail to achieve their time, budget, and quality goals. This is frequently due to the failure of the contractor to analyze and assess all risk factors. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is an approach that can be used to analyze and assess project risks during the bidding stage of a construction project and to overcome the limitations of the approaches currently used by contractors. The AHP provides a flexible, easily understood way to assist the decision-maker in formulating a problem in a logical and rational manner. A review of the AHP and a description of its application in the assessment of the riskiness of constructing the Jamuna multipurpose bridge in Bangladesh are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P‐ and E‐ selectin in venous thrombosis and non‐venous pathologies (2022)

Venous thromboembolism is a very common and costly health problem worldwide. Anticoagulant treatment for VTE is imperfect: all have the potential for significant bleeding, and none prevent the development of post thrombotic syndrome after deep vein thrombosis or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. For these reasons, alternate forms of therapy with improved efficacy and decreased bleeding are needed. Selectins are a family (P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin) of glycoproteins that facilitate and augment thrombosis, modulating neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet activity. P- and E-selectin have been investigated as potential biomarkers for thrombosis. Inhibition of P-selectin and E-selectin decrease thrombosis and vein wall fibrosis, with no increase in bleeding. Selectin inhibition is a promising avenue of future study as either a stand-alone treatment for VTE or as an adjunct to standard anticoagulation therapies.
Dissociating Excitons Photogenerated in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes at Polymeric Photovoltaic Heterojunction Interfaces (2010)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have strong near-infrared and visible absorptivity and exceptional charge transport characteristics, rendering them highly attractive semiconductor absorbers for photovoltaic and photodetector technologies. However, these applications are limited by a poor understanding of how photogenerated charges, which are bound as excitons in s-SWCNTs, can be dissociated in large-area solid-state devices. Here, we measure the dissociation of excitons in s-SWCNT thin films that form planar heterojunction interfaces with polymeric photovoltaic materials using an exciton dissociation-sensitive photocapacitor measurement technique that is advantageously insensitive to optically induced thermal photoconductive effects. We find that fullerene and polythiophene derivatives induce exciton dissociation, resulting in electron and hole transfer, respectively, away from optically excited s-SWCNTs. Significantly weaker or no charge transfer is observed using wider gap polymers due to insufficient energy offsets. These results are expected to critically guide the development of thin film s-SWCNT-based photosensitive devices.
Smart Microwave Oven with Image Classification and Temperature Recommendation Algorithm (2018)

When food is warmed in a microwave oven, the user guesses the estimated time for the heating. This cognitive process of guessing can be incorrect - resulting the final food temperature to be too hot or still cold. In this research, a novel closed-loop microwave oven is designed which automatically suggests the target temperature of a food by learning from previous experiences and the heating stops automatically when the food temperature reaches the target temperature. The proposed microwave captures and classifies the food image, and recommends the target temperature, thus the user does not need to remember the target food temperature each time the same food is warmed. The algorithm gradually learns the type of foods that are used in that household and becomes smarter in the recommendation. The proposed algorithm can recommend target temperature with an accuracy of 86.31% for solid food and 100% for liquid food. A prototype of the proposed microwave is developed using the embedded system and tested.
Spin injection into semiconductors (1999)

The injection of spin-polarized electrons is presently one of the major challenges in semiconductor spin electronics. We propose and demonstrate a most efficient spin injection using diluted magnetic semiconductors as spin aligners. Time-resolved photoluminescence with a Cd0.98Mn0.02Te/CdTe structure proves the feasibility of the spin-alignment mechanism.
What Can You Do with a Rock? Affordance Extraction via Word Embeddings (2017)

Autonomous agents must often detect affordances: the set of behaviors enabled by a situation. Affordance extraction is particularly helpful in domains with large action spaces, allowing the agent to prune its search space by avoiding futile behaviors. This paper presents a method for affordance extraction via word embeddings trained on a tagged Wikipedia corpus. The resulting word vectors are treated as a common knowledge database which can be queried using linear algebra. We apply this method to a reinforcement learning agent in a text-only environment and show that affordance-based action selection improves performance in most cases. Our method increases the computational complexity of each learning step but significantly reduces the total number of steps needed. In addition, the agent's action selections begin to resemble those a human would choose.
Query optimizers (2009)

Query Optimization is expected to produce good execution plans for complex queries while taking relatively small optimization time. Moreover, it is expected to pick the execution plans with rather limited knowledge of data and without any additional input from the application. We argue that it is worth rethinking this prevalent model of the optimizer. Specifically, we discuss how the optimizer may benefit from leveraging rich usage data and from application input. We conclude with a call to action to further advance query optimization technology.
Pathophysiology of Cor Pulmonale in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Part One (1994)

"Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part One.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 150(3), pp. 833–852
Cell Surface Labeling of <i>Escherichia c</i><i>oli</i> via Copper(I)-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition (2003)

Labeling of the cell surface of Escherichia coli was accomplished by expression of a recombinant outer membrane protein, OmpC, in the presence of the unnatural amino acid azidohomoalanine, which acts as a methionine surrogate. The surface-exposed azide moieties of whole cells were biotinylated via Cu(1)-catalyzed [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The specificity of labeling of both wild-type OmpC and a mutant containing additional methionine sites for azidohomoalanine incorporation was confirmed by Western blotting. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the specificity of the labeling. Cells that express the mutant form of OmpC in the presence of azidohomoalanine, which were biotinylated and stained with fluorescent avidin, exhibit a mean fluorescence 10-fold higher than the background. Incorporation of an unnatural amino acid can thus be determined on a single-cell basis.
Bimetallic Ruthenium PNP Pincer Complex As a Platform to Model Proposed Intermediates in Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia (2012)

A series of ruthenium complexes was isolated and characterized in the course of reactions aimed at studying the reduction of hydrazine to ammonia in bimetallic systems. The diruthenium complex {[HPNPRu(N(2))](2)(μ-Cl)(2)}(BF(4))(2) (2) (HPNP = HN(CH(2)CH(2)P(i)Pr(2))(2)) reacted with 1 equiv of hydrazine to generate [(HPNPRu)(2)(μ(2)-H(2)NNH(2))(μ-Cl)(2)](BF(4))(2) (3) and with an excess of the reagent to form [HPNPRu(NH(3))(κ(2)-N(2)H(4))](BF(4))Cl (5). When phenylhydrazine was added to 2, the diazene species [(HPNPRu)(2)(μ(2)-HNNPh)(μ-Cl)(2)](BF(4))(2) (4) was obtained. Treatment of 2 with H(2) or CO yielded {[HPNPRu(H(2))](2)(μ-Cl)(2)}(BF(4))(2) (7) and [HPNPRuCl(CO)(2)]BF(4) (8), respectively. Abstraction of chloride using AgOSO(2)CF(3) or AgBPh(4) afforded the species [(HPNPRu)(2)(μ(2)-OSO(2)CF(3))(μ-Cl)(2)]OSO(2)CF(3) (9) and [(HPNPRu)(2)(μ-Cl)(3)]BPh(4) (10), respectively. Complex 3 reacted with HCl/H(2)O or HCl/Et(2)O to produce ammonia stoichiometrically; the complex catalytically disproportionates hydrazine to generate ammonia.
Characterization of t(11;14) translocation in mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescent in situ hybridization. (1996)

Characterization of chromosome abnormalities in leukemia and lymphoma have contributed to the understanding of the molecular basis of these neoplastic diseases. In addition, specific chromosomal aberrations have acquired diagnostic or prognostic value. The t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosome translocation has been detected in mantle cell lymphomas. However, possibly due to the limits of conventional cytogenetic analysis and the presence of different breakpoints at the molecular level, it is possible that the true percentage of association is underestimated. In our study, we used a yeast artificial chromosome, spanning the entire area where the rearrangements occur on chromosome 11q13, to detect the presence of translocations by fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments. We detected BCL-1 translocations in eight of eight patients with clinical and immunological features of mantle cell lymphoma, suggesting that the t(11;14) translocation is a critical event in the pathogenesis of MCL and may be a primary element for the diagnosis. Since this translocation is associated with poor prognosis, its detection may help to make a correct diagnosis as well as to evaluate residual disease, which is critical to plan a rational chemotherapy regimen.
The Ontogeny and Control of Incubation Behavior in Turkeys (1993)

As a consequence of its fundamental role in avian reproduction, incubation behavior has been of great interest to scientists and to turkey breeders and producers of hatching eggs. Incubation behavior in turkey hens continues to be a major hindrance to enhanced reproductive performance in the domestic turkey, resulting in substantial loss of potential egg production. The onset and maintenance of incubation behavior is dependent upon a series of obligatory factors. Nest entry induced by progesterone surges in laying hens, which is dependent on prior estrogen priming, is a prerequisite for prolactin (Prl)-induction of incubation behavior. Thereafter, persistent nesting stimulates Prl secretion and elevated Prl levels maintain incubation activity. The increased Prl secretion in incubating hens is related to a diminished dopaminergic and an increased vasoactive intestinal peptidergic activities in the hypothalamus. An increase in Prl gene expression and Prl releasing capacity of the pituitary may also contribute to the hyperprolactenimic state in the incubating bird.
A tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods (2018)

In almost no other field of computer science, the idea of using bio-inspired search paradigms has been so useful as in solving multiobjective optimization problems. The idea of using a population of search agents that collectively approximate the Pareto front resonates well with processes in natural evolution, immune systems, and swarm intelligence. Methods such as NSGA-II, SPEA2, SMS-EMOA, MOPSO, and MOEA/D became standard solvers when it comes to solving multiobjective optimization problems. This tutorial will review some of the most important fundamentals in multiobjective optimization and then introduce representative algorithms, illustrate their working principles, and discuss their application scope. In addition, the tutorial will discuss statistical performance assessment. Finally, it highlights recent important trends and closely related research fields. The tutorial is intended for readers, who want to acquire basic knowledge on the mathematical foundations of multiobjective optimization and state-of-the-art methods in evolutionary multiobjective optimization. The aim is to provide a starting point for researching in this active area, and it should also help the advanced reader to identify open research topics.
Modified Kneser-Ney Smoothing of n-gram Models (2000)

This report examines a series of tests that were performed on variations of the modified Kneser–Ney smoothing model outlined in a study by Chen and Goodman. [2] We explore several different ways of choosing and setting the discounting parameters, as well as the exclusion of singleton contexts at various levels of the model. Statistical language modeling can be used effectively to provide a baseline for recognition accuracy when studying other forms of speech and language recognition. Perplexities computed using smoothed n-gram models can later be compared to language models based on grammars. In this paper, we look at perplexities calculated on ATIS travel data using the statistical language model known as modified Kneser–Ney. We explore four variations of the basic algorithm outlined in Chen and Goodman [2], and select one that appears to perform significantly better on our test data. We plan to use this model as the baseline for our analysis of future grammar models.
Reactive hypertrophy of synaptic varicosities within the hippocampus of prion-infected mice (2010)

Prion diseases are characteristically accompanied by extensive synaptic pathology that can occur during the preclinical phase of the disease and, in animal models, correlates with the first decline of hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. This pathology is defined by abnormally shaped synapses in which the postsynaptic membrane modifies its curvature and potentially engulfs the juxtaposed presynaptic membrane. Using the intrahippocampally injected ME7 prion model, we further detailed the structural alterations of the population of ostensibly intact synaptic compartments within the hippocampus during this period of extensive synaptic loss. A disease stage-dependent increase in the average PSD (postsynaptic density) area, the average length of the active zone and the average number of synaptic vesicles indicated that the synapses that were visualized as the animal progressed to end-stage disease were undergoing hypertrophy. Similar findings in samples from AD (Alzheimer's disease) patients, aged and senile individuals, and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases suggest synaptic swelling as synaptic loss is initiated and/or compensatory reaction to counteract the synaptic loss.