gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protocols for Secure Electronic Commerce (2016)

Protocols for Secure Electronic Commerce, Third Edition presents a compendium of protocols for securing electronic commerce, or e-commerce, in consumer- and business-to-business applications. Attending to a variety of electronic payment systems currently in use around the globe, this edition: Updates all chapters to reflect the latest technical advances and developments in areas such as mobile commerce Adds a new chapter on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that did not exist at the time of the previous edition's publication Increases the coverage of PayPal in accordance with PayPal’s amplified role for consumers and businesses Expands the discussion of bank cards, dedicating a full chapter to magnetic stripe cards and a full chapter to chip-and-PIN technology Protocols for Secure Electronic Commerce, Third Edition offers a state-of-the-art overview of best practices for the security of e-commerce, complete with end-of-chapter review questions and an extensive bibliography of specialized references. A Solutions Manual and PowerPoint slides are available with qualifying course adoption.
Kinase Regulation of Human MHC Class I Molecule Expression on Cancer Cells (2016)

The major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-1) presents antigenic peptides to tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The regulation of MHC-I by kinases is largely unstudied, even though many patients with cancer are receiving therapeutic kinase inhibitors. Regulators of cell-surface HLA amounts were discovered using a pooled human kinome shRNA interference-based approach. Hits scoring highly were subsequently validated by additional RNAi and pharmacologic inhibitors. MAP2K1 (MEK), EGFR, and RET were validated as negative regulators of MHC-I expression and antigen presentation machinery in multiple cancer types, acting through an ERK output-dependent mechanism; the pathways responsible for increased MHC-I upon kinase inhibition were mapped. Activated MAPK signaling in mouse tumors in vivo suppressed components of MHC-I and the antigen presentation machinery. Pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling also led to improved peptide/MHC target recognition and killing by T cells and TCR-mimic antibodies. Druggable kinases may thus serve as immediately applicable targets for modulating immunotherapy for many diseases. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 936-47. ©2016 AACR.
MEMS Electrometer With Femtoampere Resolution for Aerosol Particulate Measurements (2013)

Electrostatic charge measurements are at the base of chemical, physical and biological experiments. In this paper, we present an electrometer based on the vibrating capacitance of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator for the detection of small currents from ionized particles in an aerosol particle detection system. We use a porous sensing-electrode coupled to a MEMS resonating electrometer. Operating at resonance, charge is collected on the MEMS electrometer and modulated at the resonant frequency and its harmonics. Induced voltage is read with a low-leakage very high-input impedance feedback amplifier. Because of the specific readout technique, a switched-reset is used to prevent charge saturation. Sensitivity improvements are achieved by modifying the low noise-readout amplifier by reducing input-referred noise and parasitic capacitance. The electrometer achieves a noise floor <;1 fA produced by 10 nm diameter particles within an airflow of 1.0 L/min. At this flow rate, the minimum detectable current (1 fA) corresponds to a minimum measureable particle density of 400 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . The MEMS electrometer is compared with and calibrated against commercial electrometer and a particle counter, respectively.
<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> Which Can Grow in the Presence of Toluene (1991)

A Pseudomonas putida strain able to grow in the presence of more than 50% toluene was isolated from soil. The strain was tolerant of other toxic solvents, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ethers. The stability of the solvent tolerance of strain IH-2000 was stimulated by addition of Mg and Ca to the medium containing toluene.
ANÁLISIS DE LAS OPINIONES VERTIDAS EN UNA ENCUESTA POR ESTUDIANTES DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Y FORESTALES, Y SU EMPLEO EN LA AUTOEVALUACIÓN DE UN CURSO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA (2013)

"Se realizó un análisis de la opinión de estudiantes de las Carreras de Ingeniería Agronómica e Ingeniería Forestal vertida en una encuesta institucional realizada durante 2007-2011, con la finalidad de autoevaluar algunas de las prácticas docentes realizadas en el Curso de Química Orgánica de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP). Los estudiantes expresaron sus opiniones sobre aspectos organizativos, didácticos y evaluativos del Curso. Los resultados se presentan en gráficos que muestran la valoración de los alumnos sobre los aspectos citados. Requirentes de atención resultan, la creciente crítica a la coordinación teoría-trabajos prácticos, así como a la organización del cronograma de acuerdo a la dificultad de cada tema. Se analizó la evolución de los resultados y se discutió el posible origen de algunos aspectos identificados como negativos."
Generation of Impossible Cross-Peaks Between Bulk Water and Biomolecules in Solution NMR (1993)

Intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences between bulk water and a glycoprotein fragment at modest concentration (20 mM) have been experimentally produced and detected, although such coherences are inconceivable in the normal theoretical framework of nuclear magnetic resonance. A density matrix treatment explains these results by including the long-range dipolar interaction between spins and by discarding the high-temperature approximation. These results imply that peak intensities (critical for structural determinations) can be distorted in many gradient experiments, and show that magic-angle gradients provide substantial improvements with reduced gradient strengths. They also suggest methods for contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging.
Azo dye functionalized graphene nanoplatelets for selective detection of bisphenol A and hydrogen peroxide (2015)

A new electrochemical sensor is developed based on graphene nanoplatelets functionalized with tri-azo dye (direct blue 71) for selective and highly sensitive detection of bisphenol A and hydrogen peroxide in pH 7 phosphate buffered saline solution.
Interspecific Divergence of Transcription Networks along Lines of Genetic Variance in Drosophila: Dimensionality, Evolvability, and Constraint (2013)

Change in gene expression is a major facilitator of phenotypic evolution. Understanding the evolutionary potential of gene expression requires taking into account complex systems of regulatory networks, the structure of which could potentially bias evolutionary trajectories. We analyzed the evolutionary potential and divergence of multigene expression in three well-characterized signaling pathways in Drosophila, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MapK), the Toll, and the insulin receptor/Foxo (InR/Foxo or InR/TOR) pathways in a multivariate quantitative genetic framework. Gene expression data from a natural population of D. melanogaster were used to estimate the genetic variance-covariance matrices (G) for each network. Although most genes within each pathway exhibited significant genetic variance, the number of independent dimensions of multivariate genetic variance was fewer than the number of genes analyzed. However, for expression, the reduction in dimensionality was not as large as seen for other trait types such as morphology. We then tested whether gene expression divergence between D. melanogaster and an additional six species of the Drosophila genus was biased along the major axes of standing variation observed in D. melanogaster. In many cases, divergence was restricted to directions of phenotypic space harboring above average levels of genetic variance in D. melanogaster, indicating that genetic covariances between genes within pathways have biased interspecific divergence. We tested whether co-expression of genes in both sexes has also biased the pattern of divergence. Including cross-sex genetic covariances increased the degree to which divergence was biased along major axes of genetic variance, suggesting that the co-expression of genes in males and females can generate further constraints on divergence across the Drosophila phylogeny. In contrast to patterns seen for morphological traits in vertebrates, transcriptional constraints do not appear to break down as divergence time between species increases, instead they persist over tens of millions of years of divergence.
Dynamic range compression deconvolution for enhancement of automatic target recognition system performance (2008)

A generic nonlinear dynamic range compression deconvolver (DRCD) is proposed. We have performed the dynamic range compression deconvolution using three forms of nonlinearities: (a) digital implementation- A-law/μ-law, (b) hybrid digital-optical implementation- two-beam coupling photorefractive holography, and (c) all optical implementation- MEMS deformable mirrors. The performance of image restoration improves as the saturation nonlinearity increases. The DRCD could be used as a preprocessor for enhancing Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system performance. In imaging through atmosphere, factors such as rain, snow, haze, pollution, etc. affect the received information from a target; therefore the need for correcting these captured images before an ATR system is required. The DRCD outperforms well-established image restoration filters such as the inverse and the Wiener filters.
Tailor Blank Casting—Control of sheet width using an electromagnetic edge dam in aluminium twin roll casting (2015)

A significant fraction of all sheet aluminium is scrapped during manufacture because the supply chain is configured to produce long coils of strip with constant width while end products are formed from irregularly shaped non-tessellating blanks. In this paper, an opportunity to reduce this rate of scrap is explored. Electro-magnetic edge-dams have been used previously to contain the melt in twin-roll strip casting of aluminium but here, equipment has been designed to allow rapid movement of such an edge dam during casting. This is named ‘Tailor Blank Casting’. The equipment is described and the first experimental trials are presented, with one edge of the melt constrained by a moving electro-magnetic dam in order to achieve a controlled variation in sheet width. The trials demonstrated successful containment of the liquid prior to solidification, and a sheet with close to step changes in width was cast. From analysis of the results of these trials, the mechanisms of width change are proposed and the effect of the moving dam on product properties is studied. The paper concludes with a discussion about possible yield savings and the next steps for further development of the process.
Articular cartilage. Anatomy, injury, and repair. (2001)

Articular cartilage plays a vital role in joint morphology. An understanding of articular cartilage anatomy and physiology will enable the physician to more fully appreciate its function and necessity. Articular cartilage is made up of four basic biological layers or zones. Each zone possesses attributes necessary to make articular cartilage as a whole strong, durable, and more able to withstand shear and axial forces through a joint. Cartilage metabolism is relatively slow in comparison with other tissues; hence, it is much more difficult for defects in cartilage to heal spontaneously. There are many ways in which articular cartilage can incur damage. Mechanical injury, be it acute or insidious, causes cartilage to fissure and fracture. This results in painful and inflamed joints along with disruption of the cartilage. Metabolic diseases also can produce joint destruction, inflammation, and pain. The resultant defects fail to heal spontaneously because of slow metabolism of cartilage. These chondral defects eventually may penetrate subchondral bone. Disruption of the layers of cartilage eventually will cause collapse and loss of integrity of the entire joint apparatus as a whole. More than 250 years ago, Hunter stated, "Ulcerated cartilage is a troublesome thing--once [it is] destroyed it is not repaired." Articular cartilage defects are very difficult to repair effectively. Cartilage defects can heal spontaneously, if the defect extends to subchondral bone. The reparative substance, fibrocartilage, is less durable and much less smooth. There are many techniques and procedures in which chondral or osteochondral defects can be filled. Promoting subchondral bleeding is the method most commonly used clinically. This allows pleuripotent cells to fill the defect with eventual fibrocartilage. Implants are gaining favor as a method of inducing a more pure, hyaline-like cartilage into cartilage defects. Gene therapy and tissue engineering are at the forefront of cartilage research today. Cartilage injury and repair remains today a very difficult topic of study. Understanding the anatomy of articular cartilage, the pathomechanics of injury, and methods available for cartilage repair, will help the physician more adequately approach treatment options.
The biologic lower detection limit of six ultrasensitive PSA assays. (1999)

PSA measurement in sera obtained from men without prostate and women results in PSA values above the ultrasensitive range. Therefore, advantages provided by ultrasensitive PSA measurement in monitoring PCA patients after radical prostatectomy are limited.
Dynamic parallelization of JavaScript applications using an ultra-lightweight speculation mechanism (2011)

As the web becomes the platform of choice for execution of more complex applications, a growing portion of computation is handed off by developers to the client side to reduce network traffic and improve application responsiveness. Therefore, the client-side component, often written in JavaScript, is becoming larger and more compute-intensive, increasing the demand for high performance JavaScript execution. This has led to many recent efforts to improve the performance of JavaScript engines in the web browsers. Furthermore, considering the wide-spread deployment of multi-cores in today's computing systems, exploiting parallelism in these applications is a promising approach to meet their performance requirement. However, JavaScript has traditionally been treated as a sequential language with no support for multithreading, limiting its potential to make use of the extra computing power in multicore systems. In this work, to exploit hardware concurrency while retaining traditional sequential programming model, we develop ParaScript, an automatic runtime parallelization system for JavaScript applications on the client's browser. First, we propose an optimistic runtime scheme for identifying parallelizable regions, generating the parallel code on-the-fly, and speculatively executing it. Second, we introduce an ultra-lightweight software speculation mechanism to manage parallel execution. This speculation engine consists of a selective checkpointing scheme and a novel runtime dependence detection mechanism based on reference counting and range-based array conflict detection. Our system is able to achieve an average of 2.18× speedup over the Firefox browser using 8 threads on commodity multi-core systems, while performing all required analyses and conflict detection dynamically at runtime.
Whole exome sequencing of thymic neuroendocrine tumor with ectopic ACTH syndrome (2016)

Using whole exome sequencing, we identified genetic abnormalities in thymic neuroendocrine tumors with EAS. Thereby, this study acts as a further supplement of the genetic features of neuroendocrine tumors. Somatic mutations of three potential tumor-related genes (HRAS, PAK1 and MEN1) might contribute to the tumorigenesis of thymic neuroendocrine tumors with EAS.
Synthesis and Oxygen Storage Capacity of Two‐Dimensional Ceria Nanocrystals (2011)

Die Plättchenstruktur macht den Unterschied: Eine bequeme Methode für die Synthese von qualitativ hochwertigen CeO2-Nanoplättchen mit (100)-Flächen beruht auf der Verwendung eines Mineralisators. Die 2D-Strukturen zeigen bessere Sauerstoffspeicherkapazitäten als dreidimensionale CeO2-Nanomaterialien, die durch Verbrennungs- und Hydrothermalsynthese hergestellt werden (siehe Diagramm).
Supporting WiFi and LTE co-existence (2015)

Motivated by the recent push to deploy LTE in unlicensed spectrum, this paper develops a novel system to enable co-existence between LTE and WiFi. Our approach leverages LTE and WiFi antennas already available on smartphones to let LTE and WiFi transmit together and successfully decode the interfered signals. Our system offers several distinct advantages over existing MIMO work: (i) it can decode all the interfering signals under cross technology interference even when the interfering signals have similar power and occupy similar frequency, (ii) it does not need clean reference signals from either WiFi or LTE transmission, (iii) it can decode interfering WiFi MIMO and LTE transmissions, and (iv) it has a simple yet effective carrier sense mechanism for WiFi to access the medium under interfering LTE signals while avoiding other WiFi transmissions. We use USRP implementation and experiments to show its effectiveness.
So much record-keeping is a waste of time (2010)

Gay Lee calls for a common sense approach to records
The estimation of modal mineralogy: a problem of accuracy in core-log calibration (1998)

Abstract In the case study described here the quantitative modal mineralogy of a number of core samples was determined with the objective of using these modes to calibrate geochemical logs. Modal estimates were obtained for the core samples by quantitative X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, point counting of thin sections, and indirectly by calculation from a complete chemical analysis of the samples. In the case of calculated modes, three different algorithms were applied. A by-product of this particularly complete dataset is the possibility of evaluating the most accurate method of modal analysis, and although no certain conclusion is reached on this point the analysis of these data does demonstrate the difficulty of obtaining accurate modal estimates. The core samples, taken at regular intervals through a sand, sandy-shale sequence, capped by a carbonate unit, have a mineralogy which, although dominated by quartz, includes feldspars, carbonates, and clays (illite, kaolinite) together with minor phases. There was generally good agreement between methods in the estimation of quartz, total carbonate, albite, kaolinite, total clay and pyrite. The results for illite and K-feldspar were poor, a reflection of their relatively low concentrations (<10%), and problems of compositional co-linearity in the calculated modes.
How do hydraulic vibrators work? A look inside the black box (2009)

ABSTRACT In order to have realistic expectations of what output is achievable from a seismic vibrator, an understanding of the machine's limitations is essential. This tutorial is intended to provide some basics on how hydraulic vibrators function and the constraints that arise from their design. With these constraints in mind, informed choices can be made to match machine specifications to a particular application or sweeps can be designed to compensate for performance limits.
The MPEG Effect:  Improving Asymmetric Processes by Simple Additives (2004)

Small amounts of simple methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s (MPEGs) have a beneficial effect on catalyzed asymmetric aryl and alkyl transfer reactions onto aldehydes. The enantiomeric excesses of the products are improved, and this "MPEG effect" allows a reduction of the catalyst loading by a factor of 10.
Improving automatic source code summarization via deep reinforcement learning (2018)

Code summarization provides a high level natural language description of the function performed by code, as it can benefit the software maintenance, code categorization and retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, most state-of-the-art approaches follow an encoder-decoder framework which encodes the code into a hidden space and then decode it into natural language space, suffering from two major drawbacks: a) Their encoders only consider the sequential content of code, ignoring the tree structure which is also critical for the task of code summarization; b) Their decoders are typically trained to predict the next word by maximizing the likelihood of next ground-truth word with previous ground-truth word given. However, it is expected to generate the entire sequence from scratch at test time. This discrepancy can cause an exposure bias issue, making the learnt decoder suboptimal. In this paper, we incorporate an abstract syntax tree structure as well as sequential content of code snippets into a deep reinforcement learning framework (i.e., actor-critic network). The actor network provides the confidence of predicting the next word according to current state. On the other hand, the critic network evaluates the reward value of all possible extensions of the current state and can provide global guidance for explorations. We employ an advantage reward composed of BLEU metric to train both networks. Comprehensive experiments on a real-world dataset show the effectiveness of our proposed model when compared with some state-of-the-art methods.
Inhibition of endotoxin-induced priming of human neutrophils by lipid X and 3-Aza-lipid X. (1987)

Lipid X, a precursor of lipid A (the toxic moiety of endotoxin), has been shown to protect animals from the lethal effects of endotoxin challenge. We investigated the mechanism of action of lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X, a diamino-analogue, in vitro, using the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to prime neutrophils for an enhanced release of toxic oxygen radicals. Lipid X and 3-aza-lipid X inhibited LPS-induced neutrophil priming in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, 3-aza-lipid X was a partial agonist of priming. Lipid X was found to inhibit LPS-induced priming by directly interacting with the neutrophil in contrast to polymyxin B, which neutralized LPS by binding to it. Increasing concentrations of lipid X shifted the LPS dose response curve of neutrophils rightward but did not prevent maximum priming at higher LPS concentrations, a finding consistent with competitive inhibition. These results suggest that lipid X, a compound structurally related to lipid A, may block neutrophil priming by competing with LPS for cellular binding sites. Lipid X appears to have a novel mechanism of inhibiting LPS effect and may have efficacy in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis.
Voltage tuning of plasmonic absorbers by indium tin oxide (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate electrical tuning of plasmonic mid-infrared absorber resonances at 4 μm wavelength. The perfect infrared absorption is realized by an array of gold nanostrip antennas separated from a back reflector by a thin dielectric layer. An indium tin oxide active layer strongly coupled to the optical near field of the plasmonic absorber allows for spectral tunability.