gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>y</i></sub> Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanofiber Composites with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties (2014)

Novel bimetallic PdxCoy alloy nanoparticle (NP)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites with superior electrocatalytic performances were successfully prepared by electrospinning Pd and Co precursors, i.e., Pd(acac)2 and Co(acac)2, in polyacrylonitrile followed by a thermal treatment. Uniform dispersion of PdxCoy nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers was achieved. Chemical composition and size of the resulting PdxCoy NPs, which showed a substantial effect on the electrocatalytic properties of PdxCoy/CNF nanocomposites, can be readily controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of metal precursors. In comparison with commercial Pd/C and other state-of-the-art Pd- or Pt-based catalysts, PdxCoy/CNF nanocomposites prepared in this study exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity and stability in formic acid and methanol oxidation reactions. This improved electrocatalytic performance is very attractive for fuel cell applications and can be attributed to the unique bimetallic Pd–Co alloy formation, a modified electronic structure of Pd in PdxCoy, as well as uniform dispersion and firm embedment of PdxCoy NPs in CNF.
A Portrait of Contemplative Teaching (2012)

The aim of this article is to investigate how a contemplative orientation to teaching may facilitate wholeness for teachers and students through a portrait of Diana, a kindergarten teacher working in a contemplative elementary school. The portrait, one of three portraits from a larger study, illustrates three central features of contemplative teaching: compassion, integrity, and mindful awareness. These three central features develop internally within individual teachers and are animated and influenced externally through their role as teachers. The context of their teaching, relationships with students, parents, and colleagues, and pedagogical choices, in turn influence the three central features. The emphasis on wholeness, unity, and integration of a contemplative orientation to teaching moves us toward a view of teachers and students as beings with not only minds and heads but also hearts and bodies. Contemplative teaching offers educational communities a path toward transformational, holistic, and integrative learning and teaching.
A high-intensity multi-purpose piezoelectric pulsed molecular beam source (1989)

A piezoelectric valve is described which delivers intense gas pulses limited by the nozzle for diameters of up to 1.0 mm. Minimum pulse lengths between 0.15 and 0.25 ms (fwhm) are obtained at full opening, depending on the nozzle size. The upper limit of the repetition rate is near 1 kHz. The valve and its modifications meet almost all experimental requirements. In particular, ways of operating in a wide temperature range are outlined. Reliable operation with a remote nozzle at 77 K was recently demonstrated. Nozzle temperatures of more than 1000 K should be possible with a similar setup.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (chronic kidney disease stage 3A): The DERIVE Study (2018)

The findings of this study (NCT02413398, clinicaltrials.gov) support the positive benefit/risk profile of dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with T2D and CKD 3A.
Integrated optical multi-/demultiplexer using acoustooptic effect for multiwavelength optical communications (1990)

Optical integrated switching systems using collinear acoustooptic (AO) interactions for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems are discussed. The AO switch module has excellent advantages compared to electrooptic switches. Optical WDM signals can be wavelength-selectively switched by frequency multiplexed surface acoustic waves. WDM switching systems are proposed as an application of this AO switch, and optical insertion loss, crosstalk, and optical frequency shift are discussed. Wavelength-selective characteristics in the AO module are established. The crosstalk from other wavelengths is found to be reduced by decreasing slightly the switching transfer efficiency. The wavelength-selective switching was experimentally demonstrated with a slab-type module of a 4-mm interaction region, where the WDM interval of 25.2 AA was realized. This wavelength interval can be decreased by increasing the interaction length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plant Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Biotechnology (1998)

Nitrogen metabolism in higher plants the enzymes of glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspartate metabolism seine and glycine metabolism in higher plants the shikmate pathway the biosynthesis of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenyalanine from chorismate lysine, threonine and methionine biosynthesis biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine regulation of proline and arginine biosynthesis in plants biosynthesis of cysteine histine biosynthesis amino acid transport role of amino acides in abiotic satress resistance inhibitors of tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis as herbicides inhibotors of histidine biosynthesis inhibitors of glutamine biosynthesis herbicide-resistant crops to inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis enhancing the content of the essential amnio acids lysine and thereonine in plants methionine enhancement in plants glucosinolates biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides, cyanolipids, and related compounds.
The Language of Bioscience: Facts, Speculations, and Statements in Between (2004)

We explore the use of speculative language in MEDLINE abstracts. Results from a manual annotation experiment suggest that the notion of speculative sentence can be reliably annotated by humans. In addition, an experiment with automated methods also suggest that reliable automated methods might also be developed. Distributional observations are also presented as well as a discussion of possible uses for a system that can recognize speculative language.
Ruthenium catalyzed selective hydrosilylation of aldehydes (2013)

A chemoselective hydrosilylation method for aldehydes is developed using a ruthenium catalyst [(Ru(p-cymene)Cl2)2] and triethylsilane; a mono hydride bridged dinuclear complex [{(η(6)-p-cymene)RuCl}2(μ-H-μ-Cl)] and a Ru(iv) mononuclear dihydride complex [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(H)2(SiEt3)2] are identified as potential intermediates in the reaction and the proposed catalytic cycle involves a 1,3-hydride migration.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reductive Amination without an External Hydrogen Source (2014)

A ruthenium-catalyzed reductive amination without an external hydrogen source has been developed using carbon monoxide as the reductant and ruthenium(III) chloride (0.008-2 mol %) as the catalyst. The method was applied to the synthesis of antianxiety agent ladasten.
EFFECTS OF MIANSERIN, DESIPRAMINE AND MAPROTILINE ON BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES EVOKED BY ACETYLCHOLINE, HISTAMINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN RATS (1981)

1 In rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, intravenous administration of desipramine (0.1 mg/kg), maprotiline (0.5 mg/kg) or mianserin (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) did not modify the blood pressure lowering effects of acetylcholine (0.25-1.0 micrograms/kg, i.v.) which were significantly reduced by atropine (3.0 micrograms/kg, i.v.). 2 Maprotiline and mianserin, like promethazine (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), inhibited the vasodepressor responses evoked by histamine (2.5-10.0 micrograms/kg,i.v.). however, desipramine was inactive against histamine. 3 In pithed rats, the pressor effects of intravenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: 5.0-20.0 micrograms/kg) were antagonized by mianserin (0.01-0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) and cyproheptadine (0.01 mg/kg) but were unaffected by maprotiline and desipramine. 4 In syrosingopine pretreated rats given mianserin 0.1 mg/kg, intravenously, 5-HT (20.0 micrograms/kg, i.v.) produced a significant fall in blood pressure which could be reduced by a large dose of mianserin (10.0 mg/kg, i.v.). 5 In conclusion, desipramine, maptrotiline and mianserin, in doses previously found to inhibit noradrenaline neuronal reuptake in the rat cardiovascular system, lack muscarinic receptor antagonist properties. Whilst maprotiline and mianserin blocked vascular histamine receptors, only mianserin (10.0 mg/kg, i.v.). 5 In conclusion, desipramine, maptrotiline and mianserin, in doses previously found to inhibit noradrenaline neuronal reuptake in the rat cardiovascular system, lack muscarinic receptor antagonist properties. Whilst maprotiline and mianserin blocked vascular histamine receptors, only mianserin, like cyproheptadine, was a potent antagonist of the 5-HT receptors that mediate increases in blood pressure in rats. Finally, the vasodepressor effects of 5-HT in syrosingopine pretreated rats given a small dose of mianserin were antagonized by a large dose of mianserin, suggesting that 5-HT may activate two distinct types of receptors in the rat.
Soldiers’ Participation in Domestic Security: United Kingdom, Northern Ireland (2004)

This contribution recounts the history of the British military intervention in Ireland and later in Northern Ireland, and aims at emphasizing the evolutions of the general approach adopted by the armed forces in this-these territory(ies). By obeying to London’s political power, the army followed the official discourse of an aid to the civil power, but simultaneously developped a doctrine closer to the counter subversive fight and the decolonisation experiences. By underlining how the British armed forces have participated to the evolution of emergency laws to “fight against terrorism” this article sheds light on the interactions between these emergency and exceptional laws, their interpretation and the practices of the British armed forces in Northern Ireland.
Dopamine D1 receptor inhibition of NMDA receptor currents mediated by tyrosine kinase‐dependent receptor trafficking in neonatal rat striatum (2008)

NMDA receptors are of particular importance in the control of synaptic strength and integration of synaptic activity. Dopamine receptor modulation of NMDA receptors in neonatal striatum may influence the efficacy of synaptic transmission in the cortico-striatal pathway and if so, this modulation will affect the behaviour of the basal ganglia network. Here, we show that in acute brain slices of neonatal (P7) rat striatum the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF-82958 significantly decreases NMDA receptor currents in patch-clamp whole-cell recordings. This inhibition is not abolished by application of a G protein inhibitor (GDP-beta-S) or irreversible G protein activator (GTP-gamma-S) suggesting a G protein-independent mechanism. In addition, intracellular application of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (lavendustin A or PP2) abolished D1 inhibition of NMDA currents. In contrast, in older animals (P28) D1 receptor activation produces a potentiation of the NMDA response which suggests there is a developmental switch in D1 modulation of striatal NMDA receptors. Single-channel recordings show that direct D1 receptor inhibition of NMDA receptors cannot be observed in isolated membrane patches. We hypothesize that D1 inhibition in whole-cell recordings from neonatal rats may be mediated by a change in NMDA receptor trafficking. Consistent with this hypothesis, intracellular application of a dynamin inhibitory peptide (QVPSRPNRAP) abolished D1 inhibition of NMDA receptor currents. We therefore conclude that a tyrosine kinase-dependent alteration of NMDA receptor trafficking underlies D1 dopamine receptor-mediated down-regulation of NMDA receptor currents in medium spiny neurons of neonatal rat striatum.
Neuron‐specific delivery of nucleic acids mediated by Tet1‐modified poly(ethylenimine) (2007)

These studies demonstrate the potential of Tet1-PEI as a neuron-targeted material for non-invasive CNS delivery. Tet1-PEI binds specifically and is internalized by neuron-like PC-12 cells and primary dorsal root ganglion. Future work will include evaluation of siRNA delivery with these vectors.
Atomic mercury flux monitoring using an optical parametric oscillator based lidar system (2004)

A newly developed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system has been applied to the monitoring of atomic mercury emissions at several chlor-alkali plants in Europe. The versatility of the system is illustrated by measured time series of mercury flux and movies of vertical and horizontal concentration distributions, which yield important input parameters for the environmental community. Long term measurements of the resonance absorption of mercury at 253.65 nm poses special demands, i.e. long term stability, on the light source that often have been hard to fulfill, in different respects, for standard OPO and dye laser based systems. Here, approaches to meet these demands are presented.
C-Terminal Half of Human Centrin 2 Behaves like a Regulatory EF-Hand Domain (2003)

Human centrin 2 (HsCen2) is an EF-hand protein that plays a critical role in the centrosome duplication and separation during cell division. We studied the structural and Ca(2+)-binding properties of two C-terminal fragments of this protein: SC-HsCen2 (T94-Y172), covering two EF-hands, and LC-HsCen2 (M84-Y172), having 10 additional residues. Both fragments are highly disordered in the apo state but become better structured (although not conformationally homogeneous) in the presence of Ca(2+) and depending on the nature of the cations (K(+) or Na(+)) in the buffer. Only the longer C-terminal domain, in the Ca(2+)-saturated state and in the presence of Na(+) ions, was amenable to structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance. The solution structure of LC-HsCen2 reveals an open two EF-hand structure, similar to the conformation of related Ca(2+)-saturated regulatory domains. Unexpectedly, the N-terminal helix segment (F86-T94) lies over the exposed hydrophobic cavity. This unusual intramolecular interaction increases considerably the Ca(2+) affinity and constitutes a useful model for the target binding.
Prolonged Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated With Anti-Bak(A) (1987)

Two cases of prolonged neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in siblings due to anti-Bak(a) are reported. The first case was complicated by an intracranial hemorrhage due to severe thrombocytopenia, but the second case had no untoward complications. Delivery by cesarean section and immediate platelet support from "compatible" (nonmaternal) donors may have contributed to the more favorable outcome in the second case. An analysis of the gene frequencies of platelet-specific antigens suggests that factors other than the potential for maternal exposure to antigen determine the incidence of affected births. Knowledge of gene frequencies may, however, permit a priori prenatal calculation of the probability of an affected birth for couples with a previously affected child even if the genotype of the father is unknown.
Moat edge oriented defects and buried oxide leakage in SIMOX integrated circuits (2002)

We present evidence far the existence of a moat-edge-oriented defect distribution in SIMOX integrated circuits that provides an avenue for resolution of discrepancies between finished circuit quiescent substrate leakage (IBBQ) yields and buried oxide defect densities measured at pre-process materials qualification. The test structure used here is proposed as a process control vehicle for the silicon moat etching process and subsequent buried oxide etching, key components to the evolution of these defects.
Visualization and Measurement of Automotive Electrostatic Rotary-Bell Paint Spray Transfer Processes (2000)

In order to improve the transfer efficiency and finish quality in automotive spray painting, a better understanding of the paint spray structure and transfer processes of the electrostatic rotary bell applicators is needed. This paper briefly reviews the current technological challenges and research issues, and then describes the spray atomization, visualization, droplet size, and velocity measurement results of a water-borne paint spray system under various operating parameters. The optical techniques used are copper vapor laser light sheet visualizations and the phase Doppler particle analyzer. Four main operating parameters are varied in this study: liquid flow rate (100 ml/min to 250 ml/min), shaping airflow rate (120 l/min to 180 l/min), bell rotational speed (20,000 rpm to 50,000 rpm), and high voltage setting (60 kV to 90 kV, and 0 V for comparison). For simplicity, water is used as the paint surrogate, and a flat metallic panel is used as the target surface. The results show that bell speed dominates the atomization, but high voltage and flow rate settings significantly modify the spray transport. The results of this study also provide detailed information on the paint spray structure and transfer processes, which can be used on model development and validation in future. Also, the microscopic visualization images provide qualitative information on the atomization mechanism.
Interleukin-2 Engineering for improved therapeutic effectiveness (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2004.
Selective Infrared Sintering of Polymeric Powders using Radiant IR Heating & Ink Jet Printing (2006)

Established methods of rapid prototyping by sintering polymeric powders have predominantly focused on the use of lasers to selectively heat the polymeric particles together to form fused layers. Although effective, this route requires the laser to draw in the entire cross section of the slice and this limits the speed of the process, particularly for the production of thick walled parts. The use of IR radiant lamps to fuse an entire layer simultaneously has been explored by several groups and is now the basis of at least one commercially available process (Speed Part). An alternative route, developed by the Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing Group (RPMG) at DeMonfort University, where areas of the powder bed are selectively treated to promote absorption by particular IR radiation will be described in this paper. The advantages of this approach and the limitations which must be overcome through further research will be fully discussed.
A workflow using self-organized mapping to predict rock properties from seismic-reflection data (2016)

We present a workflow that integrates self-organized mapping classification results with rock physics based on well log data. The facies are extracted from reflection seismic data and rock physical models are obtained from well logs to calculate density, and P- and S-wave velocities in terms of the well log impedance. We apply these models and the SOM classes of the different facies to convert 2D images of impedance to 2D images of Vp, Vs, density, and Poisson ratio. We verify the workflow by creating 2D synthetic seismograms. Modeling software is applied to calculate (at great speed) complete seismograms that capture lateral variability of the reservoir model. The results show good agreement between observed and 2D synthetic seismograms. In addition, the results demonstrate that the SOM classification method enables to extract facies from seismic data, and allow us to integrate the lithology at the borehole scale with the 2D seismic based-impedance. This analysis produces accurate reservoir properties for the three geological units in the interwell region. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 19, 2016 Start Time: 9:15:00 AM Location: Lobby D/C Presentation Type: POSTER
On the interaction between ISA and cardinality constraints (2002)

ISA and cardinality constraints are among the most interesting types of constraints in data models. ISA constraints are used to establish several forms of containment among classes, and are receiving great attention in moving to object-oriented data models, where classes are organized in hierarchies based on a generalization/specialization principle. Cardinality constraints impose restrictions on the number of links of a certain type involving every instance of a given class, and can be used for representing several forms of dependencies between classes, including functional and existence dependencies. While the formal properties of each type of constraints are now well understood, little is known of their interaction. We present an effective method for reasoning about a set of ISA and cardinality constraints in the context of a simple data model based on the notions of classes and relationships. In particular, the method allows one both to verify the satisfiability of a schema and to check whether a schema implies a given constraint of any of the two kinds. We prove that the method is sound and complete, thus showing that the reasoning problem for ISA and cardinality constraints is decidable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Planar-to-homeotropic structure transition under electric field in an <i>A</i>-phase smectic (1975)

We have obtained a planar-to-homeotropic structure transition in a smectic-A liquid crystal under electric field. The mechanisms involved in this transition are described and explained. The most important feature is the nucleation of a new type of defect which gives rise to a network of focal conics, then to a quasihomeotropic structure.
High quality interpoly-oxynitride grown by NH/sub 3/ nitridation and N/sub 2/O RTA treatment (2001)

In this letter, a method to grow high quality interpolysilicon-oxynitride (interpoly-oxynitride) film is proposed. Samples, nitridized by NH/sub 3/ with additional N/sub 2/O annealing and CVD TEOS deposited on poly-oxynitride (poly-I) with RTA N/sub 2/O oxidation, show excellent electrical properties in terms of very high electric breakdown field, low leakage current, high charge to breakdown, and low electron trapping rate. This novel film is a good candidate for an interpoly dielectric of future high density EEPROM and flash memory devices.
Reproducing kernel particle methods (1995)

Abstract A new continuous reproducing kernel interpolation function which explores the attractive features of the flexible time‐frequency and space‐wave number localization of a window function is developed. This method is motivated by the theory of wavelets and also has the desirable attributes of the recently proposed smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods, moving least squares methods (MLSM), diffuse element methods (DEM) and element‐free Galerkin methods (EFGM). The proposed method maintains the advantages of the free Lagrange or SPH methods; however, because of the addition of a correction function, it gives much more accurate results. Therefore it is called the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM). In computer implementation RKPM is shown to be more efficient than DEM and EFGM. Moreover, if the window function is C ∞ , the solution and its derivatives are also C ∞ in the entire domain. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments on the 1D diffusion equation reveal the stability conditions and the effect of the dilation parameter on the unusually high convergence rates of the proposed method. Two‐dimensional examples of advection‐diffusion equations and compressible Euler equations are also presented together with 2D multiple‐scale decompositions.