gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockage of narcotic-induced dopamine receptor supersensitivity by cyclo(Leu-Gly). (1979)

We have previously reported that the administration of cyclo(Leu-Gly) to mice prior to morphinization blocked the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine as well as the development of some signs of physical dependence. In the present series of experiments, the effect of the same peptide treatment on changes in dopamine receptor sensitivity induced by chronic morphine treatment were determined. Changes in dopamine receptor sensitivity were determined by measuring (i) the effect of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on locomotor activity and (ii) the hypothermic response to another dopamine agonist, piribedil. Mice that had received the chronic morphine treatment were found to require significantly less apomorphine to produce an increase in locomotor activity, and they exhibited a significantly greater hypothermic response to piribedil than did morphine-naive mice. The injection of 0.2 mumol of cyclo(Leu-Gly) per mouse 2 hr prio to morphine treatment prevented this increased response to both dopamine agonists. Administration of the peptide after the tolerance and dependence had developed did not alter morphine tolerant and dependent states states or the enhanced response to apomorphine or piribedil. It is concluded that dopamine receptor supersensitivity may be involved in the development of narcotic tolerance and physical dependence.
Microcomputer Control of Switched Reluctance Motor (1986)

A microcomputer-based four-quadrant control system of a switched reluctance motor is described. The control was implemented with a speed feedback loop, a torque feedback loop, and both the torque and speed feedback loops combined. In addition the controller incorporates a startup operation, sequencing, and synchronized angle steering control. The angle controller was designed using dedicated digital hardware, whereas the other functions were implemented using an Intel 8751 single-chip microcomputer. The complete control system was tested in the laboratory with a 5-hp drive, and the test results were found to be excellent.
Medical image enhancement using resolution synthesis (2011)

We introduce a post-processing approach to improve the quality of CT reconstructed images. The scheme is adapted from the resolution-synthesis (RS)1 interpolation algorithm. In this approach, we consider the input image, scanned at a particular dose level, as a degraded version of a high quality image scanned at a high dose level. Image enhancement is achieved by predicting the high quality image by classification based linear regression. To improve the robustness of our scheme, we also apply the minimum description length principle to determine the optimal number of predictors to use in the scheme, and the ridge regression to regularize the design of the predictors. Experimental results show that our scheme is effective in reducing the noise in images reconstructed from filtered back projection without significant loss of image details. Alternatively, our scheme can also be applied to reduce dose while maintaining image quality at an acceptable level.
High serum YKL-40 level in patients with extended small cell lung cancer is related to short survival (2004)

7219 Background: YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages and neutrophils. YKL-40 is a growth factor for connective tissue cells and stimulates migration of endothelial cells. Its function in cancer diseases is unknown. High serum YKL-40 levels in patients with colorectal-, metastatic breast- and ovarian carcinoma are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to patients with normal serum YKL-40. The aim was to evaluate the association of serum YKL-40 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and disease severity. Methods: YKL-40 was determined by RIA in serum from 131 SCLC patients (82 males and 49 females; aged 37–79 years, median 57 years) prior to chemotherapy with combinations of platin analogues, podophyllotoxin derivatives, alkylating agents and vinca alkaloids. The patients were followed until death or at least 64 months. The median survival time was 7.7 months. 127 patients died from SCLC during the study. Serum YKL-40 was also determined in 260 controls (aged 18–79 years, median 48 years). Results: Serum YKL-40 was elevated in patients with limited disease (LD) (N=59, median 149 μg/l, range 48–870, p=0.019) and in patients with extensive disease ( ED) (N=72, 210 μg/l, 56–2481, p<0.001) compared to controls. 22% of the patients with LD and 40% with ED had elevated serum YKL-40. The median survival was 5.1 months for patients with elevated serum YKL-40 and 9.0 months for patients with normal serum YKL-40. Patients with ED and elevated serum YKL-40 had an increased hazard for death within the first 6 months after start of chemotherapy compared to patients with normal serum YKL-40 (HR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.27–4.21, p=0.006). This was not found for patients with LD. Multivariate Cox analysis including sex, age, disease extension, performance status, serum LDH and YKL-40 showed that serum YKL-40 in patients with ED (HR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.07–5.46, p=0.03) and age (HR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.16–3.02, p=0.01) were independent prognostic variables of survival within the first 6 months. Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated serum YKL-40 in patients with SCLC is related to disease extension and early death. Studies are needed to determine the function of YKL-40 in SCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Recent progress in genetics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2010)

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine with lateral curvature combined with vertebral rotation. Occurrence of a melatonin signaling dysfunction in cells derived from patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was reported by Moreau et al. It was shown that serine phosphorylation of Gi proteins α-subunits was involved although the source of such aberrant phosphorylation remains unknown. The goal of this research project is to identify the kinase(s) and/or phosphatase(s) involved in the melatonin signaling defect observed in AIS. We have used a candidate gene driven approach and found the Tyrosine Phosphatase x (PTPx) and a second molecule termed HSJ-1, which controls the activity of this tyrosine phosphatase.
Directed Induction of Functional Multi-ciliated Cells in Proximal Airway Epithelial Spheroids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Multi-ciliated airway cells (MCACs) play a role in mucociliary clearance of the lung. However, the efficient induction of functional MCACs from human pluripotent stem cells has not yet been reported. Using carboxypeptidase M (CPM) as a surface marker of NKX2-1(+)-ventralized anterior foregut endoderm cells (VAFECs), we report a three-dimensional differentiation protocol for generating proximal airway epithelial progenitor cell spheroids from CPM(+) VAFECs. These spheroids could be induced to generate MCACs and other airway lineage cells without alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, the directed induction of MCACs and of pulmonary neuroendocrine lineage cells was promoted by adding DAPT, a Notch pathway inhibitor. The induced MCACs demonstrated motile cilia with a "9 + 2" microtubule arrangement and dynein arms capable of beating and generating flow for mucociliary transport. This method is expected to be useful for future studies on human airway disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
Droplet-on-demand Inkjet-filled Through-silicon Vias (TSVs) as a Pathway to Cost-efficient Chip Stacking (2013)

Using metal nanoparticle-based inks and droplet-on-demand inkjet printing, we have demonstrated the ability to fully fill, bump, and bond through-silicon vias (TSVs). Standard thermo-compression flip-chip bonding is used to provide both robust mechanical as well as electrical contact while processing below conventional back-end-of-line (BEOL) thermal budgets. This novel process enables both the filling and bumping of TSVs in a single process step, making this process unique among conventional TSV process flows and providing a cost-effective alternative for three-dimensional integration and chip stacking at both the die-level and wafer-scale.
Chemical sensor based on quartz microresonators (1996)

A novel chemical sensor is proposed that consists of an array of quartz microresonators. It is shown that a microresonator can act as a quartz crystal microbalance and as a calorimeter, simultaneously, because quartz resonators can be highly sensitive to both mass and temperature changes. By applying a variety of thin-film adsorbers to the different resonators in an array and observing the pattern of frequency changes due to an unknown that is admitted into the resonator array enclosure, one can detect and identify chemical and biological agents. The total frequency change of an individual resonator will be the sum of the frequency change due to mass loading and the frequency change due to the change in temperature resulting from the heats of adsorptions or reactions. It is shown that the proposed sensor is capable of detecting on the order of 10/sup -6/ monolayer of a material deposited onto the resonators' surfaces.
Utilizing the Systemic Acquired Resistance Signal Transduction Pathway to Enhance Plant Health (2000)

At Novartis we have identified chemicals that can activate the endogenous disease resistance mechanism known as SAR. One of these, BTH, has been developed as a commercial product that will provide a novel tool to add to the integrated pest management (IPM) systems used in modern agriculture. Preventive application of SAR activators will enhance disease management efforts. We have also identified a gene that is required for response to both biological and chemical activators of SAR. High level expression of the NIM1 gene in Arabidopsis results in plants with increased health that are responsive to subclinical applications of SAR activators as well as to traditional fungicides.
Unicompartmental Arthroplasty with the Oxford Knee (2015)

This book traces the 30 year development by surgeons and engineers in Oxford of a unique method of unicompartmental knee replacement with the Oxford Knee prosthesis.
Alternative Electrochemical Systems for Ozonation of Water (2003)

Electrochemical systems that are especially well suited for the small-scale generation of ozone and ozonated water for local use have been invented. These systems can operate with very little maintenance, and the only inputs needed during operation are electric power and water. Ozonated water produced by these systems can be used in diverse industrial applications: A few examples include sterilization in the brewing industry, general disinfection, and treatment of sewage and recycled water. The basic principle of operation admits of several alternative system configurations. The heart of the system is a stack of electrolytic cells, each containing a proton-exchange membrane (which serves as a solid electrolyte) sandwiched between a catalytic anode and a catalytic cathode. Preferably, the proton-exchange membrane is made of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer. During electrolysis, a mixture of O2 and O3 gases is generated at the anode and H2 is generated at the cathode. Some of the O3 generated at the anode becomes dissolved in the water. The proportion of O3 in the O2/O3 mixture can be maximized by the selection of suitable electrode materials and the use of a high overpotential. Although the proton-exchange membrane conducts protons, it does not conduct electrons. It is also impermeable by gases; consequently, it maintains separation between the O2/O3 mixture evolved at the anode and the H2 evolved at the cathode.
Zinc chelation inhibits HIV Vif activity and liberates antiviral function of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (2006)

APOBEC3 proteins are cellular antiviral proteins that are targeted for proteasomal degradation by primate lentiviral Vif proteins. Vif acts as a substrate receptor for the Cullin5 (Cul5) E3 ubiquitin ligase, specifically interacting with Cul5 through a novel H-(x5)-C-(x17-18)-C-(x3-5)-H zinc binding motif. Using the membrane-permeable zinc chelator, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), we demonstrated a requirement for zinc for Vif function in vivo. Treatment with TPEN at an IC50 of 1.79 microM inhibits Cul5 recruitment and APOBEC3G (A3G) degradation. Zinc chelation prevented Vif function in infectivity assays, allowing the virus to become sensitive to the antiviral activity of A3G. Zinc chelation had no effect on cellular Cul5-SOCS3 E3 ligase assembly, suggesting that zinc-dependent E3 ligase assembly may be unique to HIV-1 Vif, representing a new target for novel drug design.
Proportional Assist Ventilation, a New Approach to Ventilatory Support: Theory (1992)

The relation between inspiratory effort and ventilatory return (flow and volume) is usually abnormal in patients who require ventilatory support because of respiratory distress. Although all available support methods provide the patient with greater ventilation than would obtain with the same effort while unsupported, the relation between instantaneous effort and ventilatory consequences is not normalized. We describe an approach with which the ventilator simply amplifies patient instantaneous effort throughout inspiration while leaving the patient with complete control over all aspects of breathing pattern (tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory durations, and flow patterns). This approach is implemented by monitoring the instantaneous rate (V) and volume (V) of gas flow from ventilator to patient and causing applied pressure (P) to change according to the equation of motion [P = f1(V) + f2(V)], where f1 and f2 are appropriately selected functions for the relation between pressure and volume (elastic assist) and pressure and flow (resistive assist). There are several potential advantages to this approach: (1) greater comfort; (2) reduction of peak airway pressure required to sustain ventilation and, hence, the potential for avoiding intubation; (3) less likelihood of overventilation; (4) preservation and enhancement of patient's own reflex, behavioral, and homeostatic control mechanisms since the ventilator essentially becomes an extension of the patient's own muscles; and (5) improved efficiency of negative pressure ventilation.
Multi-Layer Transmission and Hybrid Relaying for Relay Channels with\n Multiple Out-of-Band Relays (2013)

In this work, a relay channel is studied in which a source encoder\ncommunicates with a destination decoder through a number of out-of-band relays\nthat are connected to the decoder through capacity-constrained digital backhaul\nlinks. This model is motivated by the uplink of cloud radio access networks. In\nthis scenario, a novel transmission and relaying strategies are proposed in\nwhich multi-layer transmission is used, on the one hand, to adaptively leverage\nthe different decoding capabilities of the relays and, on the other hand, to\nenable hybrid decode-and-forward (DF) and compress-and-forward (CF) relaying.\nThe hybrid relaying strategy allows each relay to forward part of the decoded\nmessages and a compressed version of the received signal to the decoder. The\nproblem of optimizing the power allocation across the layers and the\ncompression test channels is formulated. Albeit non-convex, the derived problem\nis found to belong to the class of so called complementary geometric programs\n(CGPs). Using this observation, an iterative algorithm based on the homotopy\nmethod is proposed that achieves a stationary point of the original problem by\nsolving a sequence of geometric programming (GP), and thus convex, problems.\nNumerical results are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed\nmulti-layer hybrid scheme in achieving performance close to a theoretical\n(cutset) upper bound.\n
EPZ011989, A Potent, Orally-Available EZH2 Inhibitor with Robust in Vivo Activity (2015)

Inhibitors of the protein methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) may have significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of B cell lymphomas and other cancer indications. The ability of the scientific community to explore fully the spectrum of EZH2-associated pathobiology has been hampered by the lack of in vivo-active tool compounds for this enzyme. Here we report the discovery and characterization of EPZ011989, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of EZH2 with useful pharmacokinetic properties. EPZ011989 demonstrates significant tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model of human B cell lymphoma. Hence, this compound represents a powerful tool for the expanded exploration of EZH2 activity in biology.
A <i>cis</i>‐Acting Element Involved in Mouse Tyrosinase Gene Expression and Partial Purification of its Binding Protein (1992)

The tyrosinase gene is specifically expressed in melanocytes. Understanding the molecular basis of tissue-specific expression of the tyrosinase gene will greatly explain the mechanisms controlling pigmentation. We report a nucleotide sequence, TGATGTATTC, located -236 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site, that enhances tyrosinase gene expression in mouse melanoma cells. The sequence is referred to as the tyrosinase element-1 (TE-1). TE-1 was protected from DNase I cleavage by pigment cell nuclear extracts but was not protected by non-pigment cell nuclear extract. Partial purification of TE-1 binding protein (TEBP-1) was performed from the B16 mouse melanoma cell nuclear extract using biotin-cellulose affinity chromatography. The affinity-purified fraction exhibited binding to the DNA fragment containing TE-1, and to a synthetic oligomer representing TE-1. UV-cross-linking indicated that the size of TEBP-1 is approximately 49 kD. TE-1 also directed enhanced CAT activity in the B16 melanoma cells but not in non-pigment cells. These data indicate that TE-1 may be an enhancer element that is responsible for pigment cell specific expression of the tyrosinase gene.
Figure S1 from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma via Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signature Consistent with Deep Peritumoral Infiltration: The <i>ϕ</i>-Index (2023)

<p>Scatter plot of the Peritumoral Heterogeneity Index (PHI) in y axis over the median Euclidean distance between the near and far ROI for each patient, by EGFRvIII expression status across 142 patients. We note that PHI is uncorrelated to the distance of the ROIs (correlation coefficient: 0.0519, p-value=0.5394).</p>
Contribution of Interleukin 18 to the Development of Infection-Associated Atopic Dermatitis (2011)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has diverse etiologies. Some AD patients possess pathologically aberrant allergen-specific Th2 cells and resulting allergen-specific IgE, and exposure to the allergen exacerbates the skin lesions. This might be classified into the Th2-type AD. However, recent clinical studies revealed that the treatment with neutralizing anti-IgE monoclonal antibody does not always protect against AD, but rather has efficacy only in some variants of AD, perhaps Th2-type AD. This implicates that other factors might be involved. Interleukin (IL) 18 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both Th1-and Th2-type diseases. Many cell types including keratinocytes and dermal macrophages and dendritic cells are capable of producing IL-18. Our previous studies demonstrate that skin-specific overexpression of biologically active IL-18 causes AD-like skin lesions in mice. Loss of T cells and B cells cannot rescue these mice from AD-like lesions at all. Thus, aberrant IL-18 in the skin seems to be relevant to some types of AD. Furthermore, consecutive, topical application of Staphylococcus aureus product induces AD-like lesions in certain mice with a genetically impaired skin barrier. We found substantial efficacy of IL-18 blockade against this AD. Here, we review the recent finding that IL-18 is a possible therapeutic target of certain types of AD.
Field Testing of Cryogenic Carbon Capture (2017)

Abstract Sustainable Energy Solutions has been developing Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) since 2008. In that time two processes have been developed, the External Cooling Loop and Compressed Flue Gas Cryogenic Carbon Capture processes (CCC ECL™ and CCC CFG™ respectively). The CCC ECL™ process has been scaled up to a 1TPD CO2 system. In this process the flue gas is cooled by an external refrigerant loop. SES has tested CCC ECL™ on real flue gas slip streams from subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, biomass, natural gas, shredded tires, and municipal waste fuels at field sites that include utility power stations, heating plants, cement kilns, and pilot-scale research reactors. The CO2 concentrations from these tests ranged from 5 to 22% on a dry basis. CO2 capture ranged from 95−99+% during these tests. Several other condensable species were also captured including NO2, SO2 and PMxx at 95+%. NO was also captured at a modest rate. The CCC CFG™ process has been scaled up to a .25 ton per day system. This system has been tested on real flue gas streams including subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and natural gas at field sites that include utility power stations, heating plants, and pilot-scale research reactors. CO2 concentrations for these tests ranged from 5 to 15% on a dry basis. CO2 capture ranged from 95−99+% during these tests. Several other condensable species were also captured including NO2, SO2 and PMxx at 95+%. NO was also captured at 90+%. Hg capture was also verified and the resulting effluent from CCC CFG™ was below a 1ppt concentration. This paper will focus on discussion of the capabilities of CCC, the results of field testing and the future steps surrounding the development of this technology. Cryogenic Carbon Capture (CCC) Since 2008 Sustainable Energy Solutions has developed a process called Cryogenic Carbon Capture (CCC). The CCC process is a true bolt-on technology that can easily be retrofit on virtually any stationary emission source without modification to the boiler, turbine, or steam piping.
Nanotoxicology as a Predictive Science That Can Be Explored by High Content Screening and the Use of Computer-assisted Hazard Ranking (2010)

I will discuss the use of high throughput screening for in vitro toxicological assessment and hazard ranking that can be used for planning and following in vivo outcomes. I will demonstrate the use of engineered nanomaterial libraries and the use of an oxidative stress paradigm to establish a multi-parametric, rapid throughput screening procedure that can be used to screen for potentially hazardous material properties resulting in oxygen radical generation and cytotoxicity. I will describe the use of heat maps and self organizing maps in data processing and for making comparisons of mechanistic in vitro responses to in vivo response outcomes in zebra fish and mice. I will also demonstrate how this integrated predictive toxicological paradigm can be used to speed up knowledge generation about nanomaterial hazard, including the redesign of potentially hazardous material properties to render the materials safe.