gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SDODEL MOSFET for performance enhancement (2005)

A high-energy, low-dose implant of the source/drain (S/D) doping type is introduced after the gate definition step to form doped regions beneath and separated from the source and drain regions to fabricate source/drain on depletion layer (SDODEL) transistors. Under zero bias, these doped regions are fully depleted and the resulting transistor structure is termed an SDODEL MOSFET. The fully depleted regions act electrically like insulators, as in the case of silicon-on-insulator (SOI), to reduce junction capacitance. SDODEL MOSFETs with 0.16-μm gate length are fabricated by a slightly modified CMOS process without any additional masking steps. Subthreshold slope, simulated threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> rolloff, and off-state leakage I/sub off/ are comparable with control devices. The junction capacitance in SDODEL MOSFETs is found to be reduced by more than 40% compared to conventional MOSFETs. Measurement of ring oscillator speeds demonstrates that SDODEL MOSFETs enable a 15% reduction in gate delay t/sub d/ for each inverter stage. SDODEL transistors provide a low-cost alternative to SOI for reduction of S/D junction capacitance.
Investigation of Mixtures of Cholesteryl Esters of Boron Analogues of Amino Acids with <i>p</i>-Azoxyanisole (1985)

Abstract The phase diagram and helical pitch of two cholesteryl esters of the boron analogues of amino acids in mixtures with p-azoxyanisole (PAA) were investigated. These amino acid analogues, in pure form, do not exhibit mesomorphic phases. However, their mixtures with PAA show a monotropic cholesteric phase. The behavior of the cholesteric-isotropic transition indicates that these esters are potentially mesomorphic. Although the binary phase diagrams of the two compounds are similar, the cholesteric pitches are significantly different due to differences in polarity or hydrogen bonding of the amino group of one of the esters.
Water cooled internal combustion engine, partiularly a diesel engine (1978)

A water cooled internal combustion engine is described which is comprised of a cylinder head cast integrally with both the cylinder block and the housing of an overhead camshaft, and which includes a cooling water room extending over all cylinders of the engine, a cooling water distributor channel extending in the longitudinal direction of the engine and arranged immediately above the exhaust ducts, which themselves extend transversely of the engine to an exterior cylinder head side wall, and jet bores communicating the distributor channel with the cooling water room of each cylinder.
PT-Symmetric Microring Laser Gyroscope (2018)

A new scheme for ultrasensitive micro-ring laser gyroscopes based on the physics of exceptional points is proposed. In such systems, the sensitivity to low rotation rates can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude.
Optimizing wavefront-guided corrections for highly aberrated eyes in the presence of registration uncertainty (2013)

Dynamic registration uncertainty of a wavefront-guided correction with respect to underlying wavefront error (WFE) inevitably decreases retinal image quality. A partial correction may improve average retinal image quality and visual acuity in the presence of registration uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to (a) develop an algorithm to optimize wavefront-guided correction that improves visual acuity given registration uncertainty and (b) test the hypothesis that these corrections provide improved visual performance in the presence of these uncertainties as compared to a full-magnitude correction or a correction by Guirao, Cox, and Williams (2002). A stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm was used to optimize the partial-magnitude correction for three keratoconic eyes based on measured scleral contact lens movement. Given its high correlation with logMAR acuity, the retinal image quality metric log visual Strehl was used as a predictor of visual acuity. Predicted values of visual acuity with the optimized corrections were validated by regressing measured acuity loss against predicted loss. Measured loss was obtained from normal subjects viewing acuity charts that were degraded by the residual aberrations generated by the movement of the full-magnitude correction, the correction by Guirao, and optimized SPGD correction. Partial-magnitude corrections optimized with an SPGD algorithm provide at least one line improvement of average visual acuity over the full magnitude and the correction by Guirao given the registration uncertainty. This study demonstrates that it is possible to improve the average visual acuity by optimizing wavefront-guided correction in the presence of registration uncertainty.
Successful Transcription but not Translation or Assembly of<i>Solenopsis Invicta</i>Virus 3 in a Baculovirus-Driven Expression System (2015)

Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) is an unclassified positive stranded RNA virus whose characteristics are amenable to development as a microbial insecticide or as a classical biological control agent for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bait formulations containing SINV-3 have been produced and were used successfully to transmit the infection and cause significant mortality to fire ant colonies in the laboratory. Unfortunately, there is no available means of propagating infectious SINV-3 particles in vitro, and this has hampered its evaluation and development as a microbial insecticide. In this study, we attempted to utilize a baculovirus expression system as reported by others to produce SINV-3 infectious particles in quantity. A full-length copy of the SINV-3 genome was assembled successfully from 3 overlapping fragments, and a heterologous bacmid-SINV-3 vector (BAC_SINV-3) was produced. The insect cell line Sf21 was transfected with purified high-molecular weight BAC_SINV-3 and supported production of baculovirus expressing full-length SINV-3 transcripts. Despite successful transcription of the SINV-3 genome, evidence that translation was occurring could not be produced. Western analyses for the SINV-3 VP-2 capsid protein were consistently negative.
Power controlled multiple access (PCMA) in wireless communication networks (2002)

We address the issue of power-controlled shared channel access in future wireless networks supporting packetized data traffic, beyond the voice-oriented continuous traffic primarily supported by current-generation networks. First, some novel formulations of the power control problem are introduced, which become progressively more general by incorporating various relevant costs. The analysis of the models under simple, yet natural, assumptions yields certain ubiquitous structural properties of 'optimal' power control algorithms. Based on such structural properties, we design a new family of distributed and asynchronous PCMA algorithms and evaluate them experimentally by simulation. They are found to perform substantially better than a standard benchmark algorithm for power control. This is a first step towards the design of full PCMA protocols for autonomous channel access in high-performance wireless networks.
SPN OS: Managing network services with virtual network objects (2015)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new controller platform, called the software-programmed networking (SPN) operating system (OS). SPN OS separates distributed control of virtual network services from the centralized management of network-wide resources. The key abstraction provided in SPN OS is a virtual network object (VNO), which encapsulates multiple layers of network stack as well as their associated resource constraints and service behaviors. VNOs are created by a VNO Arbiter, which handles provisioning of global network resources, but are managed independently by tenants through an intuitive object-oriented interface. This separation provides flexibility and scalable performance. We describe the design of SPN OS and VNOs, present a prototype implementation on top of the high-level language NetKAT, and discuss use cases.
Parameter Study of the LIFE Engine Nuclear Design (2009)

LLNL is developing the nuclear fusion based Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) power plant concept. The baseline design uses a depleted uranium (DU) fission fuel blanket with a flowing molten salt coolant (flibe) that also breeds the tritium needed to sustain the fusion energy source. Indirect drive targets, similar to those that will be demonstrated on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), are ignited at {approx}13 Hz providing a 500 MW fusion source. The DU is in the form of a uranium oxycarbide kernel in modified TRISO-like fuel particles distributed in a carbon matrix forming 2-cm-diameter pebbles. The thermal power is held at 2000 MW by continuously varying the 6Li enrichment in the coolants. There are many options to be considered in the engine design including target yield, U-to-C ratio in the fuel, fission blanket thickness, etc. Here we report results of design variations and compare them in terms of various figures of merit such as time to reach a desired burnup, full-power years of operation, time and maximum burnup at power ramp down and the overall balance of plant utilization.
Establishment of Canine RNA Polymerase I-Driven Reverse Genetics for Influenza A Virus: Its Application for H5N1 Vaccine Production (2007)

In the event of a new influenza pandemic, vaccines whose antigenicities match those of circulating strains must be rapidly produced. Here, we established an alternative reverse genetics system for influenza virus using the canine polymerase I (PolI) promoter sequence that works efficiently in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line, a cell line approved for human vaccine production. Using this system, we were able to generate H5N1 vaccine seed viruses more efficiently than can be achieved with the current system that uses the human PolI promoter in African green monkey Vero cells, thus improving pandemic vaccine production.
High-sensitivity high-selectivity detection of CWAs and TICs using tunable laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (2005)

We provide a general technique for evaluating the performance of an optical sensor for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in realistic environments and present data from a simulation model based on a field deployed discretely tunable <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> laser photoacoustic spectrometer (L-PAS). Results of our calculations show the sensor performance in terms of usable sensor sensitivity as a function of probability of false positives (PFP). The false positives arise from the presence of many other gases in the ambient air that could be interferents. Using the L-PAS as it exists today, we can achieve a detection threshold of about 4 ppb for the CWAs while maintaining a PFP of less than 1:10<sup>6</sup>. Our simulation permits us to vary a number of parameters in the model to provide guidance for performance improvement. We find that by using a larger density of laser lines (such as those obtained through the use of tunable semiconductor lasers), improving the detector noise and maintaining the accuracy of laser frequency determination, optical detection schemes can make possible CWA sensors having sub-ppb detection capability with <1:10<sup>8</sup> PFP. We also describe the results of a preliminary experiment that verifies the results of the simulation model. Finally, we discuss the use of continuously tunable quantum cascade lasers in L-PAS for CWA and TIC detection.
An Accurate Tool for Detecting Stator Inter-Turn Fault in LSPMSM (2019)

This paper proposes an accurate diagnosing tool that can predict the stator inter-turn size in line start permanent magnetic synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The proposed diagnosing approach is developed based on an experimentally validated mathematical model of the motor under inter-turn fault. The developed model has been tested using MATLAB® under different loading and fault size conditions. Since the stator currents and voltages are easily accessible, it is decided to use them as the key signatures for developing the diagnostic tool. Several time and frequency-based features have been extracted using motor current and voltage waveforms under different loading and fault size conditions. The developed tool has been designed to correlate the extracted features with its corresponding size of stator inter-turn fault. Finally, testing of the developed diagnosis tool shows a high accuracy of 96% in detecting the size. Moreover, the proposed diagnostic tool is examined against motor parameter variations. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed approach where the accuracy is slightly affected under a wide range of motor parameter variations.
Fast polarisation-insensitive optical shutter supported by backflow in dichroic dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal (2014)

This paper describes a novel implementation of a dual-frequency liquid crystal optical shutter of the guest–host type. The transmissive state of the filter is obtained by applying a low-frequency electric field that brings the dichroic dye in a homeotropic orientation. The light-absorbing state is realised by a twisted planar configuration for which the absorption is quasi-independent of the polarisation. Switching between the two states occurs in about 1 ms and the devices show no scattering for wavelengths inside or outside the absorption band of the dichroic dye. Simulations and experiments reveal how a twisted state is obtained through the backflow phenomenon.
Sequential Reductive Dechlorination of <i>meta</i> -Chlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Sediment Microcosms by Two Different <i>Chloroflexi</i> Phylotypes (2005)

Three species within a deeply branching cluster of the Chloroflexi are the only microorganisms currently known to anaerobically transform polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the mechanism of reductive dechlorination. A selective PCR primer set was designed that amplifies the 16S rRNA genes of a monophyletic group within the Chloroflexi including Dehalococcoides spp. and the o-17/DF-1 group. Assays for both qualitative and quantitative analyses by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and most probable number-PCR, respectively, were developed to assess sediment microcosm enrichments that reductively dechlorinated PCBs 101 (2,2',4,5,5'-CB) and 132 (2,2',3,3',4,6'-CB). PCB 101 was reductively dechlorinated at the para-flanked meta position to PCB 49 (2,2',4,5'-CB) by phylotype DEH10, which belongs to the Dehalococcoides group. This same species reductively dechlorinated the para- and ortho-flanked meta-chlorine of PCB 132 to PCB 91 (2,2',3',4,6'-CB). However, another phylotype designated SF1, which is more closely related to the o-17/DF-1 group, was responsible for the subsequent dechlorination of PCB 91 to PCB 51 (2,2',4,6'-CB). Using the selective primer set, an increase in 16S rRNA gene copies was observed only with actively dechlorinating cultures, indicating that PCB-dechlorinating activities by both phylotype DEH10 and SF1 were linked to growth. The results suggest that individual species within the Chloroflexi exhibit a limited range of congener specificities and that a relatively diverse community of species within a deeply branching group of Chloroflexi with complementary congener specificities is likely required for the reductive dechlorination of different PCBs congeners in the environment.
Excitation and geometrically matched local encoding of curved slices (2012)

In this work, the concept of excitation and geometrically matched local in-plane encoding of curved slices (ExLoc) is introduced. ExLoc is based on a set of locally near-orthogonal spatial encoding magnetic fields, thus maintaining a local rectangular shape of the individual voxels and avoiding potential problems arising due to highly irregular voxel shapes. Unlike existing methods for exciting curved slices based on multidimensional radiofrequency-pulses, excitation and geometrically matched local encoding of curved slices does not require long duration or computationally expensive radiofrequency-pulses. As each encoding field consists of a superposition of potentially arbitrary (spatially linear or nonlinear) magnetic field components, the resulting field shape can be adapted with high flexibility to the specific region of interest. For extended nonplanar structures, this results in improved relevant volume coverage for fewer excited slices and thus increased efficiency. In addition to the mathematical description for the generation of dedicated encoding fields and data reconstruction, a verification of the ExLoc concept in phantom experiments and examples for in vivo curved single and multislice imaging are presented.
Fabrication of multipoint side-firing optical fiber by laser micro-ablation (2017)

A multipoint, side-firing design enables an optical fiber to output light at multiple desired locations along the fiber body. This provides advantages over traditional end-to-end fibers, especially in applications requiring fiber bundles such as brain stimulation or remote sensing. This Letter demonstrates that continuous wave (CW) laser micro-ablation can controllably create conical-shaped cavities, or side windows, for outputting light. The dimensions of these cavities determine the amount of firing light and their firing angle. Experimental data show that a single side window on a 730 μm fiber can deliver more than 8% of the input light. This can be increased to more than 19% on a 65 μm fiber with side windows created using femtosecond laser ablation and chemical etching. Fine control of light distribution along an optical fiber is critical for various biomedical applications such as light-activated drug-release and optogenetics studies.
Identification of an antigenic protein Pga30 from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> W50 (2000)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a black-pigmented, gram-negative bacterium that has been implicated as a major pathogen in the development of adult periodontitis. In an approach to identify a P. gingivalis antigen uniquely seroreactive with healthy subjects, we produced a surface and periplasmic extract of P. gingivalis, separated that extract into 36 fractions using anion-exchange chromatography and screened each fraction for reactivity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from eight periodontitis patients and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All of the diseased subjects harboured subgingival P. gingivalis by DNA probe analysis and exhibited similar seroreactivity profiles to the anion exchange fractions. However, only two of the healthy subjects (C10 and C15) were seroreactive with the fractions. The highest reactivity for all the seropositive subjects was with the same anion-exchange fractions 13-15. The anion exchange fraction (14) with the highest seroreactivity was subjected to gel filtration chromatography, and fraction 22 from this chromatography exhibited the highest reactivity with all the seropositive subjects. However, fraction 27 was found to be uniquely seroreactive with healthy subject C10, as it was not recognized by sera from any of the diseased or the other healthy subjects. This fraction was further purified by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and shown to contain a 30-kDa protein as determined by SDS-PAGE. Control subject C10 had no pocket depths greater than 3 mm and no sites that bled on gentle probing; however, P. gingivalis was detected in subgingival plaque samples at a level of 10(5)-10(6) cells per site in two of the ten sites sampled. This subject was also unusual in that he exhibited a seroreactivity profile similar to that of diseased subjects, which was not characteristic of the healthy control subjects. The unique reactivity of the 30-kDa antigen, designated Pga30, with subject C10 serum was confirmed in a Western blot with the purified antigen. N-Terminal sequence analysis of Pga30 produced a single, unambiguous protein sequence confirming the purity of the protein. A search of the database using the N-terminal sequence obtained did not reveal any significant sequence similarity. In conclusion, we have identified a P. gingivalis antigen that was uniquely reactive in an ELISA and Western blot with serum from a subject with no clinical signs of periodontitis who harbored P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque.
Data Quality Management using Business Process Modeling (2006)

The quality of data contained in the enterprise information systems has significant impact, both from the internal business decision-making perspective and the external regulatory and shareholder obligations. This paper addresses data quality assessment in business processes by proposing a modeling framework to quantify the data quality in an information processing system. We present a business process modeling framework for data quality analysis and develop the mathematical formulation for error propagation. This is overlaid with a business controls framework where the placement and effectiveness of the controls alter the propagation of errors. This framework enables the estimation and management of data quality when faced with changes in various aspects of the business process. It also allows the formulation of optimization problems that trade off the cost of business controls with the level or cost of the resultant data quality. We illustrate the modeling framework and analyses with a revenue management process
Separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air by molecular sieve adsorbents (2001)

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, India <em>E-mail</em> : salt@csir.res.in <em> Fax</em> : 91-0278-567562 <em>Manuscript received 10 November 2000</em> Oxygen and nitrogen gases, which find commercial applications in many industries, arc totally produced from air. During the last two decades, pressure swing adsorption based processes for separating these gases from air arc being increasingly used and have become competitive to conventional low temperature fractionation processes. In the present review, brief idea about the adsorption principle, and adsorption process employed for separation of these gases from air is given. Microporous solids like zeolites and carbon molecular sieves used as adsorbents arc central to this separation. The intrinsic equilibrium and kinetic properties of these solids can strongly influence the efficiency and economics of a particular separation process. Therefore, review has mainly focused on the developments on the adsorbents used for oxygen and nitrogen separation. Zeolites, carbon molecular sieves and inorganic metal complexes that show adsorption selectivity towards oxygen or nitrogen are discussed at length.