gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific V <i>beta</i> T cell subsets mediate the immediate hypersensitivity response to ragweed allergen. (1993)

T and B cell responses after sensitization to ragweed (RW) were examined in a mouse model in which BALB/c mice were exposed to the allergen by ultrasonic nebulization. Sensitization resulted in the stimulation of an IgE anti-RW response and was paralleled by a rise in IgG1 anti-RW titers. Skin testing for immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity revealed the presence of allergic type I reactions to RW. Sensitization to RW in this way was also associated with the development of increased airways responsiveness as determined by electrical field stimulation of preparations of tracheal smooth muscle. Histologic examination of the airways and the lung indicated the presence of a mononuclear cell infiltrate in the mucosa and submucosa of the airways that was accompanied by an enlargement of local draining lymph nodes of the airways and the lung. T cell populations were analyzed for the frequency of V beta-expressing T cells. Such analysis indicated that RW sensitization stimulated the expression of V beta 8.1+, V beta 8.2+, and V beta 13+ T cells in the local lymphoid tissue and of V beta 8.1+, V beta 8.2+, V beta 8.3+, V beta 9+ and V beta 14+ T cells in the spleen. Co-culture of these T cell populations with RW-primed B cells indicated that in the presence of RW, V beta 8.2 T cells stimulated IgE and IgG1 production, whereas the other T cell populations showed a different stimulation profile for Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses. The transfer of V beta 8.2 T cells from sensitized but not from nonsensitized control mice stimulated an allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 response and increased airways responsiveness in naive recipients. These data provide additional support for the pivotal role of specific V beta-expressing T cell subpopulations in the stimulation of IgE/IgG1 production and increased airways responsiveness.
Microstrip antenna array with four port Butler matrix for switched beam base station application (2009)

In this paper, the design of a microstrip antenna array with four port Butler matrix is presented. The Butler matrix is used as a beamforming network and it produces orthogonal beams that can be steered in different directions. Simulated butler matrix has 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 20%. This matrix feeds four single element microstrip antennas that can be operated from 2.412 GHz to 2.484 GHz. The circuit is designed by considering a single layer microstrip structure that makes it simpler. The design of wide band microwave devices such as branch-line coupler; cross-coupler and phase-shifters are also incorporated. The switched beam antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz band Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) system.
Study on the performance analysis of SCW geothermal system by simulation and monitoring (2013)

Recently, an interest in the use of renewable energy has been growing up due to the rise of raw material price, international oil price and depletion of fossil energy. Ground source heat pump system has a high efficiency by using the constant temperature of underground and various types of the systems have been installed and utilized in the building. there are few studies on the system performance factors in the SCW system. Furthermore, even though the performance of the system depends on the temperature of heat source, the research on their relationship is rare. In this research, in order to analyze the performance factor for the open-loop system the monitoring of the real building with the standing column well systems and the simulation with building model were conducted.
A lane change detection approach using feature ranking with maximized predictive power (2014)

Risk estimation for the current traffic situation is crucial for safe autonomous driving systems. One part of the uncertainty in risk estimation is the behavior of the surrounding traffic participants. In this paper we focus on highway scenarios, where possible behaviors consist of a change in acceleration and lane change maneuvers. We present a novel approach for the recognition of lane change intentions of traffic participants. Our novel approach is an extension of the Naïve Bayesian approach and results in a generative model. It builds on the relations to the directly surrounding vehicles and to the static traffic environment. We obtain the conditional probabilities of all relevant features using Gaussian mixtures with a flexible number of components. We systematically reduce the number of features by selecting the most powerful ones. Furthermore we investigate the predictive power of each feature with respect to the time before a lane change event. In a large scale experiment on real world data with over 160.781 samples collected on a test drive of 1100km we trained and validated our intention prediction model and achieved a significant improvement in the recognition performance of lane change intentions compared to current state of the art methods.
Fca Receptor Iia (Cd32) Heterogeneity In Patients With Recurrent Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infections (1994)

Fc gamma RIIa (CD32) is the sole IgG Fc receptor capable of interaction with human IgG2, the main IgG subclass of bacterial capsular polysaccharides. The two genetically determined allotypes of human Fc gamma RIIa, Fc gamma RIIa-R131 and IIa-H131 alleles, have functionally different reactivities with human IgG2. The capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) homozygous for Fc gamma RIIa-H/H131 for IgG2 opsonized bacteria is significantly higher than phagocytosis by PMNL homozygous for Fc gamma RIIa-R/R131, independent of the Fc gamma RIIb-NA1/NA2 (CD16) allelic polymorphism. To test the clinical significance of these Fc gamma R polymorphisms, Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIb phenotypes of 48 children with recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections were determined. Fc gamma RIIa-H/H131 was less than half that observed in 123 healthy adults (P = .01). IgG2 responses were low in 25 of 48 patients after immunization with pneumococcal vaccine. These results suggest that Fc gamma RIIa polymorphism may contribute to increased susceptibility to infections with encapsulated bacteria in a childhood population with low IgG2 anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
Descriptive study of COVID-19 outbreak among passengers and crew on Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama Port, Japan, 20 January to 9 February 2020 (2020)

An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred on the Diamond Princess cruise ship making an international journey, which led to quarantine of the ship at Yokohama Port, Japan. A suspected COVID-19 case was defined as a passenger or crew member who developed a fever or respiratory symptoms, and a confirmed COVID-19 case had laboratory-confirmation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Between 3 and 9 February 2020, 490 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 172 were positive (152 passengers (median age: 70 years; interquartile range (IQR): 64-75; males: 45%) and 20 crew (median age: 40 years; IQR: 35-48.5; males: 80%). Other than the Hong Kong-related index case, symptom onset for the earliest confirmed case was 22 January, 2 days after the cruise ship left port. Attack rates among passengers were similar across the decks, while beverage (3.3%, 2/61) and food service staff (5.7%, 14/245) were most affected. Attack rates tended to increase with age. A comprehensive outbreak response was implemented, including surveillance, provision of essential medical care, food and medicine delivery, isolation, infection prevention and control, sampling and disembarkation.
Classical uses of Medicinal Plants (2022)

Plants are an important part of modern medicine. The word drug is derived from the French word 'drougue' meaning dry herb. Historically, Indian, Chinese, Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations have evidences of plants being used to treat human illnesses. Common drugs obtained from parts of plants and used commonly in therapeutics are atropine, morphine, digoxin, pilocarpine, physostigmine, codeine, bulk laxatives, colchicine and many others. Oils, gums, resins and tannins are other products of plants which are used as part of medicine formulations like cough mixtures, emulsions and suspensions.
Mechanical, Electrical, and Optical Properties of (Pr,Ce)O<sub>2</sub> Solid Solutions: Kinetic Studies (2011)

Praseodymium doped cerium oxide (PCO) shows mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) characteristics at relatively high pO2 (e.g. air) and enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC), of interest for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes and three way catalysts, resulting from the ready reduction of Pr to its trivalent state. This reduction also results in a change of lattice parameter, known as chemical expansion, and changes in optical absorption related to the formation of a Pr impurity band. These properties can be measured as a function of time, yielding oxide ion diffusion and surface exchange coefficients. In this manuscript, the diffusivity and/or surface exchange of PCO is explored using TGA and dilatometry of bulk specimens and HTXRD and optical absorption of thin films. The HTXRD and optical absorption measurements promise the ability to monitor both thermodynamic and kinetic properties of thin film materials exhibiting wide swings in oxygen stoichiometry.
Document classification by machine (1994)

In this note, we present results concerning the theory and practice of determining for a given document which of several categories it best fits. We describe a mathematical model of classification schemes and the one scheme which can be proved optimal among all those based on word frequencies. Finally, we report the results of an experiment which illustrates the efficacy of this classification method.
Effects of 5'-aminothymidine and leucovorin on radiosensitization by iododeoxyuridine in human colon cancer cells (1995)

We examined the effects of two biochemical modulators, 5'-aminothymidine (5'-AdThd) and leucovorin (LV), on the in vitro incorporation of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA and its subsequent radiosensitization in two human colon cancer cell lines, HT 29 and HCT 116. 5'-AdThd is a modulator of thymidine kinase activity while LV is an essential cofactor for thymidylate synthase activity. In HT 29 cells, the combination of 5'-AdThd (10 &mgr;m) and IdUrd (1-10 &mgr;m) resulted in a significant increase in IdUrd triphosphate pools and in IdUrd-DNA incorporation. Coadministration of LV (10 &mgr;m) with IdUrd (1-10 &mgr;m) resulted in a significant decrease in thymidine triphosphate pools and a comparable increase in IdUrd-DNA incorporation as the combination of 5'-AdThd + IdUrd. The increase in radiosensitization by clonogenic survival with either combination was a direct linear function with the percentage of IdUrd-DNA incorporation. For HCT 116 cells, however, the results were different. While 5'-AdThd + IdUrd resulted in an increase in IdUrd triphosphate and percentage of IdUrd-DNA incorporation, significant cytotoxicity was noted. The radiosensitivity of HCT 116 cells treated with 5'-AdThd + IdUrd was not a linear function above 25% IdUrd-DNA incorporation. Also, no increase in IdUrd-DNA incorporation or radiosensitization was observed with LV + IdUrd although LV enhanced the decrease in thymidine triphosphate pools by IdUrd treatment. These results indicate heterogeneity in the response of different colon cancer cells to these modulators which may be related to the regulation of deoxynucleotide metabolic enzymes.
M-Vax: an autologous, hapten-modified vaccine for human cancer (2004)

The author has devised a novel approach to the immunotherapy of cancer based on modification of autologous tumor cells with the hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP). This technology is being developed by AVAX Technologies (MO, USA) as a treatment for melanoma under the brand name, M-Vax. The treatment program consists of multiple intradermal injections of DNP-modified autologous tumor cells mixed with bacille Calmette-Guerin as an immunological adjuvant. Administration of DNP vaccine to patients with metastatic melanoma induces a unique reaction--the development of inflammation in metastatic masses. Following DNP-vaccine treatment, almost all patients develop delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to autologous, DNP-modified melanoma cells and about half also exhibit DTH to autologous, unmodified tumor cells. The toxicity of the vaccine is mild, consisting mainly of papules or pustules at the injection sites. Clinical trials have been conducted in two populations of melanoma patients: Stage IV with measurable metastases, and clinical Stage III patients rendered tumor-free by lymphadenectomy. There were 11 antitumor responses in 83 patients with measurable metastases: two complete, four partial and five mixed. In 214 Stage III patients the 5-year overall survival rate was 44%, which compares favorably with the reported surgical rate of 20-25%. In both populations, the induction of DTH to unmodified autologous tumor cells was associated with significantly longer survival. This is a platform technology that is adaptable to other human cancers and early trials indicate immunological activity in ovarian and renal cell carcinomas.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Embarrassing Situation Detection under Camera for Social Robot in Smart Homes (2018)

Recent research has shown that the ubiquitous use of cameras and voice monitoring equipment in a home environment can raise privacy concerns and affect human mental health. This can be a major obstacle to the deployment of smart home systems for elderly or disabled care. This study uses a social robot to detect embarrassing situations. Firstly, we designed an improved neural network structure based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model to obtain feature information. By focusing on reducing area redundancy and computation time, we proposed a bounding-box merging algorithm based on region proposal networks (B-RPN), to merge the areas that have similar features and determine the borders of the bounding box. Thereafter, we designed a feature extraction algorithm based on our improved YOLO and B-RPN, called F-YOLO, for our training datasets, and then proposed a real-time object detection algorithm based on F-YOLO (RODA-FY). We implemented RODA-FY and compared models on our MAT social robot. Secondly, we considered six types of situations in smart homes, and developed training and validation datasets, containing 2580 and 360 images, respectively. Meanwhile, we designed three types of experiments with four types of test datasets composed of 960 sample images. Thirdly, we analyzed how a different number of training iterations affects our prediction estimation, and then we explored the relationship between recognition accuracy and learning rates. Our results show that our proposed privacy detection system can recognize designed situations in the smart home with an acceptable recognition accuracy of 94.48%. Finally, we compared the results among RODA-FY, Inception V3, and YOLO, which indicate that our proposed RODA-FY outperforms the other comparison models in recognition accuracy.
Interaction of a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from the venom of solitary bee <i>Colletes daviesanus</i> with phospholipid vesicles and <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells (2014)

The peptide named codesane (COD), consisting of 18 amino acid residues and isolated from the venom of wild bee Colletes daviesanus (Hymenoptera : Colletidae), falls into the category of cationic α-helical amphipathic antimicrobial peptides. In our investigations, synthetic COD exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans but also noticeable hemolytic activity. COD and its analogs (collectively referred to as CODs) were studied for the mechanism of their action. The interaction of CODs with liposomes led to significant leakage of calcein entrapped in bacterial membrane-mimicking large unilamellar vesicles made preferentially from anionic phospholipids while no calcein leakage was observed from zwitterionic liposomes mimicking membranes of erythrocytes. The preference of CODs for anionic phospholipids was also established by the blue shift in the tryptophan emission spectra maxima when the interactions of tryptophan-containing COD analogs with liposomes were examined. Those results were in agreement with the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of CODs. Moreover, we found that the studied peptides permeated both the outer and inner cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli. This was determined by measuring changes in the fluorescence of probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and detecting cytoplasmic β-galactosidase released during the interaction of peptides with E. coli cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that treatment of E. coli with one of the COD analogs caused leakage of bacterial content mainly from the septal areas of the cells.
Frequency-specific electrophysiologic correlates of resting state fMRI networks (2017)

Resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI) studies have shown that slow (<0.1Hz), intrinsic fluctuations of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal are temporally correlated within hierarchically organized functional systems known as resting state networks (RSNs) (Doucet et al., 2011). Most broadly, this hierarchy exhibits a dichotomy between two opposed systems (Fox et al., 2005). One system engages with the environment and includes the visual, auditory, and sensorimotor (SMN) networks as well as the dorsal attention network (DAN), which controls spatial attention. The other system includes the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto-parietal control system (FPC), RSNs that instantiate episodic memory and executive control, respectively. Here, we test the hypothesis, based on the spectral specificity of electrophysiologic responses to perceptual vs. memory tasks (Klimesch, 1999; Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999), that these two large-scale neural systems also manifest frequency specificity in the resting state. We measured the spatial correspondence between electrocorticographic (ECoG) band-limited power (BLP) and R-fMRI correlation patterns in awake, resting, human subjects. Our results show that, while gamma BLP correspondence was common throughout the brain, theta (4-8Hz) BLP correspondence was stronger in the DMN and FPC, whereas alpha (8-12Hz) correspondence was stronger in the SMN and DAN. Thus, the human brain, at rest, exhibits frequency specific electrophysiology, respecting both the spectral structure of task responses and the hierarchical organization of RSNs.
Microfluidics-based strategies for protein crystallography (2009)

Protein crystallography is an invaluable tool for the study of biological processes at the molecular level. While several crystallization techniques are actively pursued in both academic and industrial laboratories to produce high-quality protein crystals, the use of microfluidic technology for structural biology was previously shown to improve protein crystallization over more traditional methods. This thesis describes a microfluidics-based crystallization strategy that was developed to increase the success rate of crystallizing challenging proteins. The crystallization strategy involves using multiple microfluidic devices to characterize the solubility trends of the crystallization target, to perform nanoliter volume free interface diffusion crystallization experiments designed around the solubility trends, and to enable in situ diffraction analysis of crystals grown in microfluidic devices. The crystallization strategy was applied to the crystallization of a dozen challenging proteins and increased the overall crystallization and diffraction success rates compared with conventional automation. The crystallization strategy was also utilized to crystallize four metabolic proteins and provides the first demonstration of in situ structure determination for novel crystallization targets using a microfluidic crystallization platform. Additional technological advances were accomplished by the development of a novel microfluidic device designed to address the specific challenges of membrane protein crystallography. To date, this microfluidic crystallization strategy has produced four novel protein structures and holds great promise for future work in the field of protein crystallography.
Intracellular drug delivery using polysorbate 80-modified poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres to glioblastoma cells (2010)

We investigated doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanospheres (NS) formulated using a biodegradable polymer, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), for targeted chemotherapy of brain tumours. A nonionic surfactant, polysorbate 80 (P80), was used to modify the surfaces of PLGA NS to improve cellular drug delivery. DOX-loaded PLGA NS were formulated by emulsion solvent diffusion and characterised for DOX encapsulation and in vitro release. The effectiveness of DOX-loaded P80–PLGA NS was investigated in A172 human glioblastoma cells. The drug release pattern was dependent on the pH of the medium. Quantitatively, the cellular uptake of NS was significantly increased by P80 surface modification compared with unmodified NS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies revealed that DOX was released from NS following accumulation in the cell nuclei. DOX-loaded P80–PLGA NS could significantly inhibit both DOX efflux from the cells and cell proliferation compared with a DOX solution.
Design and fabrication of broad-band silica-based optical waveguide couplers with asymmetric structure (1992)

Waveguide-type directional couplers with different guide widths in the interactive region are designed and fabricated with silica-based waveguides on silicon substrates. It is demonstrated that these asymmetric couplers have broadband coupling-ratios of, for example, 50%+or-5%, 25%+or-3%, or 5%+or-2% over a wide wavelength range from 1.3 to 1.55 mu m, which are in good agreement with the results calculated using the beam propagation method (BPM). The excess loss of these couplers is as low as 0.7 dB, including input and output single-mode fiber coupling losses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
More on the $1/{\rm f}^{2}$ Phase Noise Performance of CMOS Differential-Pair LC-Tank Oscillators (2006)

This paper presents a rigorous phase noise analysis in the 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> region for the differential CMOS LC-tank oscillator with both nMOS and pMOS switch pairs. A compact, closed-form phase noise equation is obtained, accounting for the noise contributions from both tank losses and transistors currents, which allows a robust comparison between LC oscillators built with either one or two switch pairs. The fabricated oscillator prototype is tunable between 2.15 and 2.35 GHz, and shows a phase noise of -144 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from the 2.3 GHz carrier for a 4 mA bias current. The phase noise figure-of-merit is practically constant across the tuning range, with a minimum of 191.5 dBc/Hz. A reference single-switch-pair oscillator has been implemented and tested as well, and the difference between the phase noise levels displayed by the two oscillators is very nearly the one expected from theory
Human Neuroelectric Patterns Predict Performance Accuracy (1987)

In seven right-handed adults, the brain electrical patterns before accurate performance differed from the patterns before inaccurate performance. Activity overlying the left frontal cortex and the motor and parietal cortices contralateral to the performing hand preceded accurate left- or right-hand performance. Additional strong activity overlying midline motor and premotor cortices preceded left-hand performance. These measurements suggest that brief, spatially distributed neural activity patterns, or "preparatory sets," in distinct cognitive, somesthetic-motor, and integrative motor areas of the human brain may be essential precursors of accurate visuomotor performance.