gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Wire‐Shaped Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells in Solid State Using Carbon Nanotube Yarns with Hybrid Photovoltaic Structure (2014)

A novel 3D solid-state wire-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) structure is demonstrated. Carbon nanotube yarn provides excellent interfacial and electrocatalytic properties. The quantum dots (QDs) have been applied due to their high photon absorption coefficient. Finally, the cell shows an outstanding operational flexibility with an efficient photovoltaic efficiency (7.39%).
Electron beam curing of epoxy resins by cationic polymerization (1995)

Preliminary investigations have determined that conventional epoxy resins can be cured at selectable temperatures with high glass transition temperatures (essentially the same as with thermal curing), while still exhibiting equivalent or comparable mechanical properties. A cationic photoinitiator at a concentration of 1--3 parts per hundred of the epoxy resin is required for this process. Gamma cell screening of cationic photoinitiators with bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and cycloaliphatic epoxies demonstrated that diaryliodonium salts of weakly nucleophilic anions such as hexafluoroantimonate are most effective. Diaryliodonium salts were also found to be most effective initiators for the cationic polymerization of epoxy resins when a high energy/power electron beam accelerator was used as the source of ionizing radiation. For example Dow Tactix 123 (bisphenol A epoxy) containing 3 phr (4-octyloxyphenyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate was irradiated at a total dosage of 100 kGy. Glass transition temperature (tan delta) of the cured material as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis was 182 C as compared to 165 C thermally cured material.
Incident angle dependency of propagating modes in rectangular grating for polarization‐independent −1<scp>ST</scp> order diffraction or polarization splitting (2010)

Abstract The role of the incident angle of incoming light on the excited modes in rectangular grating at the interface of air and fused silica in Littrow mounting is investigated by the modal analysis.The analysis points out that the optimum effective refractive index difference for two propagating modes varies with the angle of incidence. In polarization‐independent −1st order diffraction, effective refractive index difference has the same value for the p‐ and s‐polarizations for incident angles from 30° to 37.5°, and a ratio of one‐third with the further increase of incident angle, to select the minimum aspect ratio of the grating dimensions. On the other hand, polarization splitting condition has a change of ratio of effective refractive index difference from a half to zero at an incident angle of 45.3°, where the coupling order of diffraction for p‐ or s‐polarization is also swapped. Such ratio of effective refractive index differences are seen as the ratio of modal periods in the variation of diffraction efficiency with the grating height. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1362–1369, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25163
Superparamagnetic clustering of data (1998)

The physical aspects of a recently introduced method for data clustering are considered in detail. This method is based on an inhomogeneous Potts model; no assumption concerning the underlying distribution of the data is made. A Potts spin is assigned to each data point and short range interactions between neighboring points are introduced. Spin-spin correlations (measured by Monte Carlo computations) serve to partition the data points into clusters. In this paper we examine the effects of varying different details of the method such as the definition of neighbors, the type of interaction, and the number of Potts states $q$. In addition, we present and solve a granular mean field Potts model relevant to the clustering method. The model consists of strongly coupled groups of spins coupled to noise spins, which are themselves weakly coupled. The phase diagram is computed by solving analytically the model in various limits. Our main result is that in the range of parameters of interest the existence of the superparamagnetic phase is independent of the ordering process of the noise spins. Next we use the known properties of regular and inhomogeneous Potts models in finite dimensions to discuss the performance of the clustering method. In particular, the spatial resolution of the clustering method is argued to be connected to the correlation length of spin fluctuations. The behavior of the method, as more and more data points are sampled, is also investigated.
CAMERA IDENTIFICATION AND IMAGE RETRIEVAL VIA COMPRESSED PRNU (2015)

Sensor imperfections in the form of photo-response nonuniformity (PRNU) patterns are a well-established fingerprinting technique to link pictures to the camera sensors that acquired them. The noise-like characteristics of the PRNU pattern make it a difficult object to compress, thus hindering many interesting applications that would require storage of a large number of fingerprints or transmission over a bandlimited channel for real-time camera matching. Recently, in [1] we proposed a compact representation of PRNU fingerprints based on a fixed number of quantized random projections, leading to an extremely compact fingerprint representation. Results indicated that random projections sensibly outperform other techniques for fingerprint compression. In this demo, we show two potential applications of the compressed fingerprints, in the form of Camera Identification and large-scale Image Retrieval.
Evolution in Reverse: Engineering a <scp>D</scp>‐Xylose‐Specific Xylose Reductase (2008)

Staying faithful: Xylose reductases (XRs) are highly promiscuous enzymes and are of great interest for the biosynthesis of xylitol—a very desirable sugar substitute. However, the expensive purification of the substrate D-xylose from the impurity L-arabinose plagues the industrial implementation of XRs. We have engineered a XR that preferentially reduces D-xylose over L-arabinose (see figure). This is one of the very few cases in which a promiscuous enzyme has been engineered to prefer one natural substrate over another. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z700765_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA</i> gene is essential for activity of an efflux pump that confers drug tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol (2005)

Little is known about the intracellular events that occur following the initial inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol (EMB). Understanding these pathways should provide significant insights into the adaptive strategies M. tuberculosis undertakes to survive antibiotics. We have discovered that the M. tuberculosis iniA gene (Rv 0342) participates in the development of tolerance to both INH and EMB. This gene is strongly induced along with iniB and iniC (Rv 0341 and Rv 0343) by treatment of Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis with INH or EMB. BCG strains overexpressing M. tuberculosis iniA grew and survived longer than control strains upon exposure to inhibitory concentrations of either INH or EMB. An M. tuberculosis strain containing an iniA deletion showed increased susceptibility to INH. Additional studies showed that overexpression of M. tuberculosis iniA in BCG conferred resistance to ethidium bromide, and the deletion of iniA in M. tuberculosis resulted in increased accumulation of intracellular ethidium bromide. The pump inhibitor reserpine reversed both tolerance to INH and resistance to ethidium bromide in BCG. These results suggest that iniA functions through an MDR-pump like mechanism, although IniA does not appear to directly transport INH from the cell. Analysis of two-dimensional crystals of the IniA protein revealed that this predicted transmembrane protein forms multimeric structures containing a central pore, providing further evidence that iniA is a pump component. Our studies elucidate a potentially unique adaptive pathway in mycobacteria. Drugs designed to inhibit the iniA gene product may shorten the time required to treat tuberculosis and may help prevent the clinical emergence of drug resistance.
A multimedia big data retrieval framework to detect dyslexia among children (2017)

In this paper we present a tablet-based and big data-based multimedia environment, which uses text, audio, video, and gaze movement to detect a set of symptoms of having dyslexia among children of age both less than 10 and greater than 10. Multi-modal screening test modules have been developed, which gives indications of further dyslexia diagnosis. The multimedia framework is envisioned to accelerate and ease the process of testing dyslexia at the global level, and to identify and auto assess potential Dyslexic patterns and to accumulate huge collection of multimedia test data for in-depth dyslexia pattern analysis.
Wire Crimp Termination Verification Using Ultrasonic Inspection (2007)

The development of a new ultrasonic measurement technique to quantitatively assess wire crimp terminations is discussed. The amplitude change of a compressional ultrasonic wave propagating through the junction of a crimp termination and wire is shown to correlate with the results of a destructive pull test, which is a standard for assessing crimp wire junction quality. Various crimp junction pathologies such as undercrimping, missing wire strands, incomplete wire insertion, partial insulation removal, and incorrect wire gauge are ultrasonically tested, and their results are correlated with pull tests. Results show that the nondestructive ultrasonic measurement technique consistently (as evidenced with destructive testing) predicts good crimps when ultrasonic transmission is above a certain threshold amplitude level. A physics-based model, solved by finite element analysis, describes the compressional ultrasonic wave propagation through the junction during the crimping process. This model is in agreement within 6% of the ultrasonic measurements. A prototype instrument for applying this technique while wire crimps are installed is also presented. The instrument is based on a two-jaw type crimp tool suitable for butt-splice type connections. Finally, an approach for application to multipin indenter type crimps will be discussed.
Novel heterojunction solar cells with conversion efficiencies approaching 21% on p-type crystalline silicon substrates (2011)

We report novel high-efficiency heterojunction (HJ) solar cells with Engineered Low-bandgap Interlayer and Thin Epitaxial emitter (ELITE) structure, achieving a record conversion efficiency of 20.7% on p-type crystalline Si (c-Si) substrates. Cell fabrication is based on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of contact layers at temperatures below 200°C and room-temperature sputtering of low-cost Al-doped zinc-oxide (ZnO:Al) electrodes.
Immobilisation of ionic liquids on solid supports (2001)

A short summary of possible methods for the preparation of immobilised ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. The differences in the resulting heterogeneous catalysts are discussed and examples for the use of these catalysts in organic reactions are given. The different immobilised ionic liquids can be classified by their interaction with the support material. As will be shown, the ILs can be bound to a surface either by covalent bonds between silanol groups and the anion or the cation of the liquid, or without covalent bonds in the form of supported liquid phases (SLPs). In a few cases, the catalysts are prepared without actually using an ionic liquid at any step. Strictly speaking, these materials are not immobilised ionic liquids, but they are included here since they contain ionic complexes which show strong similarities to ionic liquids. In Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions some of the novel catalysts show catalytic activities which are among the best to be found in literature.
Electro-optic effect, propagation loss, and switching speed in polymers containing nano-sized droplets of liquid crystal (2000)

Polymers containing droplets of liquid crystal smaller than 100 nm, which have good transparency and easily form films, were prepared under various conditions to evaluate their potential as electro-optic materials for waveguide-type devices. By varying the liquid crystal concentration and the strength of the UV irradiation causing photo-induced phase separation of the droplets, we were able to control the droplet size and density. We have clarified how the birefringence generated in an applied electric field, switching speed, and optical loss of light propagating in the film depend on droplet size and density. Polymer materials having a large electro-optic effect (δn = 0.001 at 8 V μm-1), low propagation loss (~2.5 dB cm-1), and fast response time (~10 μs) have been developed.
Narrow linewidth 1.52 µm InAs/InP quantum dot DFB lasers (2011)

We have grown, fabricated, and tested single mode ridge-waveguide distributed feedback lasers utilising InAs/InP quantum dots as the gain medium. The growth of quantum dots on InP substrates allows us to reach the important 1.55 µm telecommunications wavelength range, in this case lasing at 1.52 µm. The quantum dot gain medium was grown using chemical beam epitaxy, and the top cladding regrown after grating patterning using metal-organic-chemical vapour-deposition. No shift in the photoluminescence peak wavelength of the dots was observed following top cladding regrowth. Ridge waveguide lasers were fabricated with ridge widths of 3 µm and cleaved to 500 µm and 1 mm cavity lengths. The facets were coated to provide reflectivities of 65% and 2%. In continuous wave (cw) operation single-mode output was observed with a side mode suppression ratio greater than 61 dB, and an output power of 9.7 mW at an injection current of 150 mA. Operation up to 80°C was achieved. The relative intensity noise was measured to be less than −154 dB/Hz from 10 MHz to 10 GHz, and the optical linewidth to be less than 150 KHz for the best devices.
Inhibition of CD24 by siRNA or monoclonal antibodies is a novel therapeutic modality for suppressing cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo (2007)

5264 Aim: To identify novel oncogenes in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis and set them as a target for cancer treatment using MAB and siRNA. Background: We had found, through gene expression arrays that CD24 is an important oncogene in the gut, expressed in rat enterocytes following Ras transformation and reverted to normal expression following short and long exposures to Cox-2 inhibitors. As a novel oncogene encoding for a membrane receptor we targeted it for treatment. Methods: 1. As a validation of the results and for human patients, immunohistochemistry was performed on 398 biological samples from the GI tract (normal, polyps and adenocarcinomas). 2. The response of six cancer cell lines to three anti-CD24 monoclonal antibodies (MAB) ± combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil) was tested using methylene-blue assay. HT29 (107 cells), which express high level of CD24, were injected subcutaneously into nude mice (n=20); anti-CD24 MAB were injected to the tail-vein twice weekly when tumor volume was 0.1 ml. 3. HT29 cells were stably transfected with two siRNA expression vectors, pSUPER, encoding for molecules align to two regions of the CD24 mRNA or to non-coding RNA (vector control). Cell growth was examined by in-vitro growth curves and in-vivo by subcutaneous injection to nude mice. Results: CD24 was expressed in 90.7% of adenomas and 86.3% of CRC. Very low expression was seen in normal epithelium (16.6%). All cancer cells demonstrated significant growth inhibition (up to 90%) in response to MAB therapy, according to their CD24 expression levels, in a dose and time dependent manners. These results were repetitive for three different antibodies. Cancer cells not bearing CD24 were not inhibited, nor did the control antibody induce growth inhibition. Growth inhibition was augmented by the addition of the 3 classic chemotherapies. In vivo, tumor burden was significantly smaller in MAB treated mice (figure is very impressive). CD24 was markedly down regulated in the siRNA-expressing HT29 derivatives. The growth of the siRNA clones was slower. Conclusions: CD24 is a putative new oncogene that is overexpressed in GI malignancies, already at an early stage of carcinogenesis. It is a potential useful target for early intervention in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Covalent fixation of drum dyes on collagen (2007)

Covalent fixation of performance chemicals on various substrates of natural or synthetic origin is a well-known and thoroughly investigated principle since decades. Taking a deeper look into the literature of collagen, though, there are only a few examples found to this topic. Immobilisation of process chemicals is of great importance for leather as well. Especially dyes play a crucial role, since their mobility within the substrate matrix my lead to visible staining of other materials upon contact. In order to meet these challenges in leather manufacturing a new dyeing concept has been developed: covalent fixation of drum dyes to the collagen fibre. The dyes react with collagen under mild alkaline conditions at moderately elevated temperatures, thus reaching a fixation rate of above 95%. Due to the fact that only covalently fixed dye molecules remain in leather, unprecedented fastness properties are achieved even on leather dyed to very deep shades.
Diphtheria Toxin–Epidermal Growth Factor Fusion Protein DAB389EGF for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer (2012)

The intravesical delivery of targeted toxin fusion proteins is a novel treatment approach for non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. With appropriate targeting, the treatments are effective and well-tolerated in vivo.
Bioengineering of Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for Lycopene Production (2012)

Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is capable of accumulating large amount of lipids. There is a growing interest to engineer this organism to produce lipid-derived compounds for a variety of applications. In addition, biosynthesis of value-added products such as carotenoid and its derivatives have been explored. In this chapter, we describe methods to integrate genes involved in lycopene biosynthesis in Yarrowia. Each bacterial gene involved in lycopene biosynthesis, crtE, crtB, and crtI, will be assembled with yeast promoters and terminators and subsequently transformed into Yarrowia through random integration. The engineered strain can produce lycopene under lipid accumulation conditions.
Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Polyps at CT Colonography (2004)

colonography (CTC) research. We blindly evaluated two techniques for automated polyp detection using common test data.
Application of the Nitritation and Anammox Process into Inorganic Nitrogenous Wastewater from Semiconductor Factory (2011)

The first full-scale nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) processes for an inorganic wastewater of semiconductor factory were installed and performances were evaluated. Existing facilities of conventional nitrification and denitrification were retrofitted to a combination of the nitritation and Anammox process. Novel nitritation method, selective acceleration of ammonia oxidation by high concentration of inorganic carbon, was evaluated in full-scale aeration tank with carrier material. The ammonia conversion rate of the nitritation reactor was in the range of 0.27–0.48 kg NO2-N/m3 day after start-up period, and stable nitritation was achieved for over 10 months. In an Anammox reactor, on-site cultivation of anammox bacteria was performed, and the most plausible reason for slower nitrogen conversion at the beginning was oxygen contamination into the reactor. After minimizing influence of oxygen contamination, design loading was achieved within 3 months of operation. After start-up period, stable Anammox reactions are maintained for over 10 months. The nitrogen removal rate after start-up period was in the range of 1.04–3.29 kg N/m3 day . In combination with conventional denitrification process, soluble nitrogen in the final effluent was reduced below 8 mg/L.
Recent advances in achromatic phase matching for tunable and ultrashort second-harmonic generation (1998)

Summary form only given. We designed an all-prism device for SHG of ultrashort pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. The design consists of five prisms to disperse the broadband pulses before a BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (BBO) crystal, and another five prisms after to recombine the second-harmonic pulse.
Enhancement of Raman scattering by two orders of magnitude using photonic nanojet of a microsphere (2011)

The enhancement of Raman signal is observed on excitation through a single microsphere. The dependence of the enhancement ratio (ER) on various parameters viz., numerical aperture (NA) of the microscopic objective lens, pump wavelength, size and refractive index of the microsphere has been studied. The enhancement has been explained due to interaction of the increased field of the photonic nanojet emerging from the single microsphere. The photonic nanojet induced ER of Raman peaks of silicon wafer and cadmium ditelluride is reported here. It is observed for the first time that by suitable selection of the experimental parameters, it is possible to enhance the Raman signal by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Improved Procedure for Platelet Freezing (1986)

Platelets frozen in glycerol-glucose frequently aggregated on thawing or reconstitution. This has been eliminated by using a nonplasma diluent (pH 6.5) and a new freezing bag. The results were improved platelet 14C-serotonin uptake and readily demonstrable aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, collagen and thrombin. 14C-serotonin uptake was at maximum when platelets were frozen at thrombocrits of up to 15%. Hemostatic effectiveness was demonstrated in a severely thrombocytopenic patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in relapse, who was supported entirely with two autologous frozen platelet transfusions for the 13 days before bone marrow activity resumed.
Aircraft Landing Performance Assessment through Post‐Flight Data Analytics (2019)

Abstract A third of all accidents involving commercial aircraft worldwide have been determined to be due to landing performance deviations resulting in runway excursions. Landing distance, i.e. the distance needed to safely complete the landing at the destination runway, is one of the key parameters that define the landing performance of an aircraft. From an operational safety perspective, assessment of landing performance of every flight in terms of landing distance and the related aircraft system parameters, to identify the performance deviations of the Pilot and Aircraft and Aircraft systems, as well as potential system faults / failures that could have triggered these deviations, would help the Airlines to effectively plan Aircraft and Aircraft system maintenance and Pilot training. This paper proposes a systems engineering approach to assess the landing performance of a given flight. The requirements and architecture definition process for the landing performance assessment system is discussed. A method to analyze the landing performance deviations and to perform a root cause analysis to identify and isolate the key contributors towards these deviations is presented.