gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital-carrier multi-band user codes for baseband uwb multiple access (2004)

The growing interest towards ultra-wideband (UWB) radios stems from their attractive features that include low-power low-complexity baseband operation, rich multipath diversity, and the potential of enhanced user capacity. Existing baseband spreading codes are not flexible in handling narrowband interference (NBI), which emerges when UWB radios overlay co-existing systems. In this paper, we introduce two novel spreading codes, for baseband UWB multiple access. Utilizing a single or multiple digital subcarriers (SC or MC), these codes give rise to multi-band UWB systems. In addition to providing flexibility in handling NBI, SC- and MC-UWB codes also enable full multipath diversity, and maximum coding gains. Equally attractive is their capability to reduce the number of interfering users, with simple matched filter operations.
Implantable micromechanical parylene-based pressure sensors for unpowered intraocular pressure sensing (2007)

This paper presents the first implantable, unpowered, parylene-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor for intraocular pressure (IOP) sensing. From in situ mechanical deformation of the compliant spiral-tube structures, this sensor registers pressure variations without electrical or powered signal transduction of any kind. Micromachined high-aspect-ratio polymeric hollow tubes with different geometric layouts are implemented to obtain high-sensitivity pressure responses. An integrated device packaging method has been developed toward enabling minimally invasive suture-less needle-based implantation of the device. Both in vitro and ex vivo device characterizations have successfully demonstrated mmHg resolution of the pressure responses. In vivo animal experiments have also been conducted to verify the biocompatibility and functionality of the implant fixation method inside the eye. Using the proposed implantation scheme, the pressure response of the implant can be directly observed from outside the eye under visible light, with the goal of realizing convenient, direct and faithful IOP monitoring in glaucoma patients.
Design optimization for efficient erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1990)

The gain and pumping efficiency of aluminosilicate erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are analyzed as a function of guiding parameters and Er-doping profile for two pump wavelengths of lambda /sub p/=980 nm and lambda /sub p/=1.47 mu m. Three designs of fiber-amplifier waveguides are considered: one with the same mode size as standard 1.5- mu m communication fibers (type 1); one with the same mode size as standard 1.5- mu m dispersion-shifted fibers (type 2); and one with mode size smaller than those of communication fibers (type 3). For the 1.47- mu m pump, fundamental LP/sub 01/ mode excitation is assumed, while for the lambda /sub p/=980-nm pump, concurrent excitation of LP/sub 11/ modes is considered. It is shown that excitation of higher-order pump modes at 980 nm does not significantly affect the amplifier gain performance. The effect of concentrating the Er/sup 3+/ doping near the center of the fiber core is shown to increase the amplifier gain coefficients by a factor of 1.5 to 2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<sup>18</sup>F-Deoxyfluorination of Phenols via Ru π-Complexes (2017)

The deficiency of robust and practical methods for <sup>18</sup>F-radiofluorination is a bottleneck for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development. Here, we report the first transition-metal-assisted <sup>18</sup>F-deoxyfluorination of phenols. The transformation benefits from readily available phenols as starting materials, tolerance of moisture and ambient atmosphere, large substrate scope, and translatability to generate doses appropriate for PET imaging.
In Situ Self-Calibration of an Individual Displacement Sensor. (1997)

This paper presents a new self-calibration method for displacement or angle sensors which are installed in the instruments. The principle of the method is based on the fact that the linearity error of the target sensor is very small. On every sampling point the derivative of the calibration curve function is measured simultaneously with output of the sensor. Input value of the sensor at every sampling point is approximately estimated first by using a straight calibration line which is given externally. The derivative is integrated with referring the approximate input to get the approximate calibration curve. Then the approximation of input value of every sampling point is improved with the obtained calibration curve. Next the integral of derivative is improved with the newly estimated input values. Repeating these improving process the calibration curve converges to the correct one. Results of simulation and experiment have shown that the calibration error of the method is less than twice of the resolution of the calibrated sensor.
Evaluation of selected chemical processes for production of low-cost silicon. First quarterly progress report, October 9--December 15, 1975 (1976)

The objective of this program is to evaluate, in the light of the latest available information and modern technology, the prospect for low cost solar silicon production by two processes which have yielded semiconductor-grade silicon commercially in the past, but whose development was curtailed by unfavorable market conditions in the early semiconductor industry. These processes are (1) zinc reduction of silicon tetrachloride and (2) thermal dissociation (or hydrogen reduction) of silicon tetraiodide. This report includes analyses of available thermodynamic data on both processes and predictions of equilibrium product yields over accessible ranges of process conditions. A parallel program of experimental work has been carried out to test the thermodynamic predictions and to evaluate process operability at several critical points. Preliminary results indicate that acceptable process yields and product structure can be obtained by zinc reduction of silicon tetrachloride in a fluidized-bed of seed particles when the zinc is fed to the bed as a vapor. Preliminary experimental results on the iodination of silicon dioxide/carbon mixtures confirm the thermodynamic predictions that temperatures in excess of 1400 C will produce potentially acceptable yields of silicon tetraiodide. (auth)
Molecular Detection of Cashew Husk (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Adulteration in Market Samples of Dry Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) (2003)

Species-specific PCR primers were developed from intergenic spacer regions of 5S ribosomal RNA genes and used successfully in the detection of adulteration of cashew husk (Anacardium occidentale L.) in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] samples. This is the first report of detecting adulteration in tea using molecular tools. Application of this approach in detecting adulteration of other biological materials in tea, medicinal herbs and the composition of admixtures of ayurvedic herbs has been discussed.
MTC28, a novel 28-kilodalton proline-rich secreted antigen specific for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (1997)

Proteins that are actively secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis serve as major targets of immune responses in the infected host. To identify and purify novel proteins in the filtrates of M. tuberculosis cultures, a bacteriophage lambda library of M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA was immunoscreened by using an anti-culture filtrate rabbit antiserum. Of 20 positive clones isolated, 6 were analyzed and found to express the genes for two known components of the early culture filtrate, the secreted 45/47-kDa antigen complex and the KatG protein, and two novel genes. Here we report the molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of one of the new genes encoding a culture filtrate protein of 310 amino acid (aa) residues. We called this gene mtc28. The deduced polypeptide sequence contained an NH2-terminal, highly hydrophobic 32-aa region having properties of a secretion signal peptide. The putative 278-aa mature MTC28 protein was characterized at its NH2 and COOH termini by a high content of proline and alanine residues organized in an (AP)n motif. Thus, MTC28 is a new member of a group of proline-rich antigens found in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. As shown by DNA hybridization experiments, the mtc28 gene was present only in species of the M. tuberculosis complex. Purified recombinant MTC28 antigen evoked strong delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses in guinea pigs immunized with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, but not in guinea pigs immunized with Mycobacterium avium. The strong immunological activity of MTC28 and the absence of B- and T-cell epitopes cross-reactive with a common environmental mycobacterial species, such as M. avium, make this novel antigen an attractive reagent for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
Progress in the Design of an Improved High-Temperature 1 Percent CrMoV Rotor Steel (1990)

Silicon-deoxidized, tempered bainitic 1 percent CrMoV steel is currently used extensively for high-temperature steam turbine rotor forgings operating at temperatures up to 565°C due to its excellent creep rupture properties and relative economy. There is impetus to improve the creep rupture strength of this steel while maintaining its current toughness level and vice versa. The excellent creep rupture ductility of the low Si version of this steel allows the use of a higher austenitizing temperature or tensile strength level for improving creep rupture strength without loss in creep ductility or toughness. When the tensile strength of this steel is increased from 785 to 854 MPa, the creep rupture strength exceeds that of the more expensive martensitic 12CrMoVCbN steel currently used for high-temperature rotor applications where additional creep rupture strength is required. The toughness of 1 percent CrMoV steel is improved by lowering the bainite start (Bs) temperature in a “superclean” base composition which is essentially free of Mn, Si, P, S, Sb, As and Sn. The Bs temperature can be lowered through the addition of alloying elements (i.e., C, Ni, Cr, and Mo) and/or increasing the cooling rate from the austenitizing temperature. Using these techniques, the 50 percent FATT can be lowered from approximately 100°C to below room temperature, which provides the opportunity to eliminate the special precautionary procedures currently used in the startup and shutdown of steam turbines. The most promising steels in terms of creep rupture and toughness properties contain 2.5 percent Ni and 0.04 percent Cb (for austenite grain refinement and enhanced tempering resistance). In general, the creep rupture strength of the superclean steels equals or exceeds that of the standard 1 percent CrMoV steel. In addition, the superclean steels have not been found to be susceptible to temper embrittlement, nor do they alter the room temperature fatigue crack propagation characteristics of the standard 1 percent CrMoV steel. These new steels may also find application in combination high-temperature-low-temperature rotors and gas turbine rotors.
A Real-Time Method for Determining the Composition and Heating Value of Opportunity Fuel Blends (2012)

Engine manufacturers and researchers in the United States are finding growing interest among customers in the use of opportunity fuels such as syngas from the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass and biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass. Once adequately cleaned, the most challenging issue in utilizing these opportunity fuels in engines is that their compositions can vary from site to site and with time depending on feedstock and process parameters. At present, there are no identified methods that can measure the composition and heating value in real-time. Key fuel properties of interest to the engine designer/researcher such as heating value, laminar flame speed, stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and Methane Number can then be determined. This paper reports on research aimed at developing a real-time method for determining the composition of a variety of opportunity fuels and blends with natural gas. Interfering signals from multiple measurement sources are processed collectively using multivariate regression methods, such as, the principal components regression and partial least squares regression to predict the composition and energy content of the fuel blends. The accuracy of the method is comparable to gas chromatography.
High and Sustained Transgene Expression in Vivo from Plasmid Vectors Containing a Hybrid Ubiquitin Promoter (2001)

Figure 7A was mistakenly duplicated as Figure 7B in this paper. To the left is Figure 7B as it should have appeared. We apologize for the error. High and Sustained Transgene Expression in Vivo from Plasmid Vectors Containing a Hybrid Ubiquitin PromoterYew et al.Molecular TherapyJuly, 2001In BriefSustained transgene expression will be required for the successful treatment of most genetic diseases being considered for gene therapy. The initially high levels of expression attained with plasmid DNA (pDNA) vectors containing viral promoters, such as that from cytomegalovirus (CMV), decline precipitously to near-background levels within two to three weeks. Here we constructed pDNA vectors containing the human cellular UBB (encoding ubiquitin B; Ub) promoter and evaluated their expression in the mouse lung. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Manipulation of DNA Damage Responses: Synergy With Chemotherapy in Killing Glioblastoma Stem Cells (2011)

The combination of G47Δ and TMZ acts synergistically in killing GSCs through oHSV-mediated manipulation of DNA damage responses. This strategy is highly efficacious in representative preclinical models and warrants clinical translation.
Complete Structure Elucidation of New Steviol Glycosides Possessing 9 Glucose Units Isolated from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (2017)

In our continued effort to discover new diterpene glycoside sweeteners from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni with a better taste profile than that of rebaudioside M, we have isolated three novel steviol glycosides with 9 glucose units, 3 at the C-13 site of the aglycone backbone and 6 at the C-19 site. Compounds 2-4 contain an additional tri-glucosyl unit attached to the C-19 glycoside region of rebaudioside M. For compounds 2 and 3 this unit is attached via the relatively rare 1→6 α-glycoside linkage. For compound 4 this additional unit is attached via the uncommon 1→3 α-glycoside linkage. In this paper, we describe the complete structure elucidation of novel diterpene glycosides with 9 sugar moieties by NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY) and mass spectral data.
Impact of Carbon Nanotube Exposure to Seeds of Valuable Crops (2013)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) affected seed germination, growth, and the development of three important crops (barley, soybean, corn). Early seed germination and activation of growth in exposed seedlings was observed when MWCNTs were added to sterile agar medium. Similarly, seed germination was activated for all tested crop species when MWCNTs were deposited on seed surfaces. The ability of MWCNTs to penetrate the seed coats of corn, barley, and soybean was proven by detection of nanotube agglomerates inside MWCNT-exposed seeds using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of genes encoding several types of water channel proteins was increased in soybean, corn, and barley seeds coated with MWCNTs compared with uncoated control seeds. Our results indicate that the positive effect of MWCNTs on the germination and growth of seedlings is reproducible between crop species and can be observed for different methods of delivering carbon nanotubes. Such studies could prove the significant potential of carbon nanotubes as regulators of germination and plant growth.
Dynamic imaging by model estimation (1997)

This article presents a model-based method for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. This method models the time variation of an object by a generalized harmonic model, thus converting the dynamic imaging problem to a parameter identification problem. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate that this method is able to produce high-resolution time-sequential images from a dynamic object with periodic or quasi-periodic time variations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 8, 551–557, 1997
Evaluation of methods for determining the mobile traffic distribution in cellular radio networks (2001)

Locating the mobile traffic distribution is performed by comparing measured field strength samples with predicted field strength values from a radio network planning tool. The convergence of three approaches has been investigated: standard deviation method, least mean squares method, and Gauss probability method. Improvements like call-by-call evaluation have been introduced to reduce the calculation time and to improve the accuracy of the statistical evaluation of the mobile traffic distribution. The methods were verified using field-strength samples and corresponding position data of field measurements made with a vehicle within a mobile network. It has been shown that the accuracy of determining the mobile traffic distribution in this way strongly depends on the reliability of field strength predictions made by a radio network planning tool. With the methods presented, the creation of traffic databases with a high resolution and the detection of mobile network areas with high traffic load-so-called hot spots-becomes possible.
Antenna Reconfigurability based on a Novel parasitic pixel layer (2011)

A novel reconfiguration method based in the use of pixel surfaces as parasitic elements is presented. This concept can be used to provide reconfigurability to a wide variety of non-reconfigurable antennas without requiring additional modifications on the basic antenna design and avoiding any physical interconnections. General guidelines are provided for the design of parasitic pixel surfaces. Reconfigurability of a parasitic pixel layer used in conjunction with a patch antenna is analyzed. Results demonstrate simultaneous frequency and radiation pattern reconfiguration with capabibity of providing till a 10% frequency tuning range and beamsteering over ±30°.
Fabrication of tubular anti-resonant hollow core fibers: modelling, draw dynamics and process optimization (2019)

The fabrication of hollow core microstructured fibers is significantly more complex than solid fibers due to the necessity to control the hollow microstructure with high precision during the draw. We present the first model that can recreate tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber draws, and accurately predict the draw parameters and geometry of the fiber. The model was validated against two different experimental fiber draws and very good agreement was found. We identify a dynamic within the draw process that can lead to a premature and irreversible contact between neighboring capillaries inside the hot zone, and describe mitigating strategies. We then use the model to explore the tolerance of the draw process to unavoidable structural variations within the preform, and to study feasibility and limiting phenomena of increasing the produced yield. We discover that the aspect ratio of the capillaries used in the preform has a direct effect on the uniformity of drawn fibers. Starting from high precision preforms the model predicts that it could be possible to draw 100 km of fiber from a single meter of preform.
Structure−Activity Relationships for a Novel Series of Dopamine D2-like Receptor Ligands Based on N-Substituted 3-Aryl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol (2008)

Discovering dopamine D2-like receptor subtype-selective ligands has been a focus of significant investigation. The D2R-selective antagonist 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidinyl]methylindole (1, L741,626; K(i)(D2R/D3R) = 11.2:163 nM) has previously provided a lead template for chemical modification. Herein, analogues have been synthesized where the piperidine was replaced by a tropane ring that reversed the selectivity seen in the parent compound, in human hD2(L)R- or hD3R-transfected HEK 293 cells (31, K(i)(D2R/D3R) = 33.4:15.5 nM). Further exploration of both N-substituted and aryl ring-substituted analogues resulted in the discovery of several high affinity D2R/D3R ligands with 3-benzofurylmethyl-substituents (e.g., 45, K(i)(D2R/D3R) = 1.7:0.34 nM) that induced high affinity not achieved in similarly N-substituted piperidine analogues and significantly (470-fold) improved D3R binding affinity compared to the parent ligand 1. X-ray crystallographic data revealed a distinctive spatial arrangement of pharmacophoric elements in the piperidinol vs tropine analogues, providing clues for the diversity in SAR at the D2 and D3 receptor subtypes.
Specification-Based Approach to Select Regression Test Suite to Validate Changed Software (2008)

Regression testing is used to achieve adequate confidence in changed software. To achieve confidence, currently organizations re-execute the entire system test suite on the entire software. Re-executing entire system test suite is an expensive and time consuming activity. To reduce such costs, execution of smaller regression test suite to validate the changed software is suggested. Several techniques, both code-based and model-based that recommend smaller regression test suites have been proposed in the literature. Largely the model-based regression test selection techniques are based on design models. In this paper, we propose a regression test suite selection approach based on commonly used requirement analysis model -UML use case activity diagram. As a part of the approach we also propose a concept called behavioral slicing to structure activity diagrams. Based on the proposed approach, a prototype tool has been designed and developed. Using the prototype, we have conducted real-world case studies and observed impressive productivity and quality gains.
Discovery of Potent Benzolactam IRAK4 Inhibitors with Robust in Vivo Activity (2019)

IRAK4 kinase activity transduces signaling from multiple IL-1Rs and TLRs to regulate cytokines and chemokines implicated in inflammatory diseases. As such, there is high interest in identifying selective IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of these disorders. We previously reported the discovery of potent and selective dihydrobenzofuran inhibitors of IRAK4. Subsequent studies, however, showed inconsistent inhibition in disease-relevant pharmacodynamic models. Herein, we describe application of a human whole blood assay to the discovery of a series of benzolactam IRAK4 inhibitors. We identified potent molecule <b>19</b> that achieves robust in vivo inhibition of cytokines relevant to human disease.