gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of acrylic acid and AMPS cointercalated layered double hydroxide and its application for superabsorbent (2011)

Abstract This article reports the cointercalation of acrylic acid (AA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the interlayer region of Mg 2 Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the application of this inorganic–organic composite material in the field of water superabsorbent. The monomers of AA and AMPS were cointercalated into galleries of Mg 2 Al−LDH (denoted as AA−AMPS/LDH) with various molar ratios by ion‐exchange method, which was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis. The polymer‐based superabsorbent was prepared through in situ free‐radical aqueous copolymerization of AA and AMPS, with AA−AMPS/LDH as additive, N,N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The composition of this poly(AA‐co‐AMPS)/LDH was demonstrated as a good water superabsorbent. The LDH content, water absorbency, thermal stability, and swelling rate of this superabsorbent were also investigated in detail. Results showed that the incorporation of a 5 wt % AA−AMPS/LDH into polymer matrix increased its water absorbency significantly by 27.7% (in water) and by 51.5% (in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
First InGaN/GaN thin film LED using SiCOI engineered substrate (2006)

Abstract InGaN / GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) were deposited by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) onto SiCOI engineered substrates. SiCOI substrates are composed of SiC thin film transferred on a silicon substrate through silicon oxide layer by the Smart Cut™ technology. LEDs structures grown on SiCOI were characterized, then transferred onto Si substrates via a metallic bonding process and SiCOI substrates were removed. Three different metallic stacks were used for metallic bonding, including mirror and barrier diffusion. Vertical thin film LED obtained were characterized and showed a 2 to 3 times increase of external quantum efficiency. These results demonstrate the potential of SiCOI engineered substrates as an alternative to laser lift off for thin film LED fabrication. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two different negative and one positive regulatory factors interact with a short promoter segment of the alpha 1 (I) collagen gene. (1990)

Type I collagen, a heterotrimeric protein composed of two alpha 1 chains and one alpha 2 chain, is a major specialized biosynthetic product of fibroblastic cells. We performed a functional dissection of a mouse alpha 1 (I) collagen promoter segment (between -222 and -80) that displays strong activity in vitro and in DNA transfection experiments. Four binding sites for factors present in nuclear extracts of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were identified in this promoter segment. One factor, which has the same binding characteristics as CBF, a heterodimeric CCAAT binding factor that also binds and activates the coordinately expressed alpha 2(I) collagen promoter, interacts with the proximal of two CCAAT motifs. A second factor, designated IF1, binds to two more upstream, adjacent sites (-190 to -170 and -160 to -130). A third factor, designated IF2, makes contact with several G residues in the distal unit of a 12-base pair exact G-rich repeat that brackets the proximal CCAAT motif. Binding studies with mutant oligonucleotides and experiments with purified CBF indicate that the binding of IF2 is inhibited by CBF. IF2 is a metalloprotein that requires zinc cations for efficient binding to its recognition site. DNA transfection experiments using point mutations or small substitution mutations that abolish binding of the transacting factors to their cognate elements were performed. A mutation in the proximal IF1 binding site increases promoter activity 4-fold, a mutation in the IF2 binding site increases this activity 10-fold and a mutation in the CBF binding site decreases this activity 4-5-fold. This suggests that IF1 and IF2 act as transcriptional inhibitors whereas CBF acts as an activator of the alpha 1(I) collagen promoter. We propose that mutually competitive binding of IF2 and CBF could play a role in the control of the alpha 1(I) collagen promoter.
Electrochemical Characterization of Polyaniline in Nonaqueous Electrolyte and Its Evaluation as Electrode Material for Electrochemical Supercapacitors (2001)

In this study, the performance of a polyaniline (PANI) based supercapacitor where electroactive PANI films were prepared on carbon paper electrodes from a nonaqueous solution with an organic acid as the proton source was investigated. The use of nonaqueous media as electrolyte led to an increase of the electroactivity window from 0.75 V in aqueous media up to 1.0 V. Low frequency capacitance, evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, of about 150 F/g is reported. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a highly porous material for deposited charges greater than 1 C/cm2. Constant current charge/discharge cycling of a symmetric supercapacitor based on PANI in nonaqueous medium was performed in a two-electrode cell configuration and a loss of about 60% of the discharge capacity was demonstrated after 1000 cycles. Tetramethylammonium methanesulfonate was also used instead of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate as supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile for the charge/discharge testing of the PANI-PANI capacitor. Energy and power densities of approximately 3.5 Wh/kg and 1300 W/kg, respectively, were developed by this supercapacitor for a cell voltage of 1 V and a discharge time of 20 s. On the other hand, an asymmetrical supercapacitor with polypyrrole and polyaniline used as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, displayed slightly improved performance. Indeed, an energy density of 5 Wh/kg and a power density of 1200 W/kg were reported for discharge time of about 20 s with 1 M as electrolyte. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A Deficiency in Nucleoside Salvage Impairs Murine Lymphocyte Development, Homeostasis, and Survival (2012)

The homeostasis of the immune system is tightly controlled by both cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic mechanisms. These regulators, not all known to date, drive cells in and out of quiescence when and where required to allow the immune system to function. In this article, we describe a deficiency in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), one of the major enzymes of the nucleoside salvage pathway, which affects peripheral T cell homeostatic proliferation and survival. As a result of an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation in the last α helix of DCK, a functionally null protein has been generated in the mouse and affects the composition of the hematopoietic system. Both B and T lymphocyte development is impaired, leading to a state of chronic lymphopenia and to a significant increase in the number of myeloid cells and erythrocytes. In the periphery, we found that mutant lymphocytes adopt a CD44(high)CD62L(low) memory phenotype, with high levels of proliferation and apoptosis. These phenotypes are notably the result of a cell-extrinsic-driven lymphopenia-induced proliferation as wild-type cells transferred into DCK-deficient recipients adopt the same profile. In addition, DCK also regulates lymphocyte quiescence in a cell-intrinsic manner. These data establish dCK as a new regulator of hematopoietic integrity and lymphocyte quiescence and survival.
Micropatterning of Proteins and Mammalian Cells on Indium Tin Oxide (2009)

This paper describes a novel surface engineering approach that combines oxygen plasma treatment and electrochemical activation to create micropatterned cocultures on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. In this approach, photoresist was patterned onto an ITO substrate modified with poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) silane. The photoresist served as a stencil during exposure of the surface to oxygen plasma. Upon incubation with collagen (I) solution and removal of the photoresist, the ITO substrate contained collagen regions surrounded by nonfouling PEG silane. Chemical analysis carried out with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at different stages in micropatterned construction verified removal of PEG-silane during oxygen plasma and presence of collagen and PEG molecules on the same surface. Imaging ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to further investigate micropatterned ITO surfaces. Biological application of this micropatterning strategy was demonstrated through selective attachment of mammalian cells on the ITO substrate. Importantly, after seeding the first cell type, the ITO surfaces could be activated by applying negative voltage (-1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl). This resulted in removal of nonfouling PEG layer and allowed to attach another cell type onto the same surface and to create micropatterned cocultures. Micropatterned cocultures of primary hepatocytes and fibroblasts created by this strategy remained functional after 9 days as verified by analysis of hepatic albumin. The novel surface engineering strategy described here may be used to pattern multiple cell types on an optically transparent and conductive substrate and is envisioned to have applications in tissue engineering and biosensing.
Protease Profiling in Prostate Cancer (2003)

Abstract : Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of death in men in the United States (1). If detected early when the tumor is still confined to the prostate, there are a number of treatment regimens that lead to good prognosis. However, if the tumor escapes the prostate prior to diagnosis, patient prognosis is poor. The objective of the proposed study was to identify serine hydrolases that are aberrantly regulated in PCa and that contribute to progression of the disease. To accomplish this objective we undertook a unique approach called activity. based protein profiling. In this method, a chemical probe composed of a warhead and a detection reagent are used to covalently tag the active site of an enzyme. Using this strategy we have identified a number of novel serine hydrolases that are expressed in prostate cancer. Of special importance is an enzyme called fatty acid synthase, which contains a serine hydrolase domain. We identified a lead inhibitor of this domain of fatty acid synthase, called Orlistat, which is a drug approved for treating obesity. Our work also shows that Orlistat can slow the growth of prostate tumors in mouse models of human PCa.
Crystallization and optical properties of CaWO4 and SrWO4 (2006)

Single crystals of calcium tungstate and strontium tungstate have been grown by double decomposition flux reaction technique using lithium chloride as flux. Growth conditions are optimized to synthesize well faceted crystals. Effect of primary and secondary flux density in the growth charge has been studied. Thermogravimetric study reveals that the grown crystals are highly stable in the temperature range 25 – 1000°C. Analysis of optical absorption normal to the ab-plane in the spectral range of 200 – 800 nm reveals the true absorption edge, the nature of transition being the allowed indirect one at 4.60 eV and 4.56 eV respectively for CaWO4 and SrWO4. The crystals have been characterized by determining useful pertinent optical and dielectric parameters. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Encoderless robot motion control using vision sensor and back electromotive force (2014)

This paper focuses on a possibility of application of a method to simplification of robotic arm systems by removal joint encoders. The method which has been proposed achieves precise control of robotic arms using visual feedback with camera calibration errors. In this paper, the method is improved for an encoderless robotic arm system to ease several difficulties to use encoders. Encoders are fundamental components of most robotic arm systems to control joint angles precisely. However, encoders sometimes make some difficulties of wiring, structure and maintenance. The enhanced method for encoderless robotic arm systems is able to overcome these difficulties. Moreover, this method is also useful for robotic systems which have encoders since the method is able to be activated as a fail-safe system of robots with encoders just in case encoders are broken down. This new approach acquires information on joint angles from not encoders but estimation using back electromotive force. The information on joint angles includes some errors. The method, however, realizes precise manipulation. It is finally shown that this method allows errors caused by not only from camera calibrations but also joint angles.
Expanding the Study of the Cytotoxicity of Incomptines A and B against Leukemia Cells (2022)

Heliangolide-type sesquiterpene lactones (HTSLs) are phytocompounds with several pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and antitumor activity. Both bioactivities are related to an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety and an ester group on carbon C-8 in the sesquiterpene lactone (SL) structure. Two HTSLs, incomptines A (<b>AI</b>) and B (<b>IB</b>) isolated from <i>Decachaeta incompta</i>, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on three leukemia cell lines: HL-60, K-562, and REH cells. Both compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study using target proteins associated with cancer such as topoisomerase IIα, topoisomerase IIβ, dihydrofolate reductase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, and Bcl-2-related protein A1. Results show that <b>IA</b> and <b>IB</b> exhibit cytotoxic activity against all cell lines used. The CC<sub>50</sub> value of <b>IA</b> was 2-4-fold less than etoposide and methotrexate, two anticancer drugs used as positive controls. The cytotoxic activity of <b>IB</b> was close to that of etoposide and methotrexate. The molecular docking analysis showed that <b>IA</b> and <b>IB</b> have important interaction on all targets used. These findings suggest that <b>IA</b> and <b>IB</b> may serve as scaffolds for the development of new treatments for different types of leukemia.
Activation and Differentiation of Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Progeny in the Rat Parkinson Animal Model (2003)

The ability to target biologically active molecules to precise locations in the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising therapeutic treatment. It overcomes many problems encountered by systemic delivery. Among these problems are the inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), global actions, and metabolism by peripheral organs, which may result in undesirable side effects. Although direct administration of biological substances to the brain overcomes these problems, there are certain limitations. These limitations primarily include long-term delivery and limited diffusion. The later may be caused by limited extracellular space, cellular metabolism, substance liability, or“the sink effect,” which results from rapid turnover of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To overcome these problems, scientists have been innovative in coming up with effective delivery systems for both clinical use and basic research. Among delivery systems particularly suited for regenerative medicine are genetically engineered cells, biomaterials, and osmotic pumps. The osmotic pump (Durect, Cupertino, CA, USA) consists of a semipermeable hard outer shell, a compressible inner bag that will contain the biological factor, and a high-osmolarity substance between the two. The diffusion of the interstitial water across the outer shell increases the volume and gradually compresses the inner bag. The result is a continuous infusion of substances prepared at specific concentrations into a localized area of the brain.
Chronic blockade of 20-HETE synthesis reduces polycystic kidney disease in an orthologous rat model of ARPKD (2009)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been implicated as a potential mediator in epithelial cell proliferation and cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In the present study, we studied the effects of chronic blockade of 20-HETE synthesis in an orthologous rodent model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), the PCK rat. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of CYP4A1, CYP4A2, CYP4A3, and CYP4A8 mRNA was increased two- to fourfold in cystic PCK compared with noncystic Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys. Daily administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET-0016 (10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) ip) for 4-7 wk significantly reduced kidney size by 24% from 4.95 +/- 0.19 g in vehicle-treated PCK rats to 3.76 +/- 0.15 g (n = 4). Collecting tubule morphometric cystic indices were reduced in HET-0016-treated PCK rats (2.1 +/- 0.2; n = 4) compared with vehicle-treated PCK rats (4.4 +/- 0.1; n = 4). The cellular mechanism by which 20-HETE may play a role in cyst formation has not been well characterized, but there was a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of intracellular cAMP and decreased phosphorylation (activation) of ERK1/2 protein in PCK rat kidneys (n = 3) treated with HET-0016 . These studies indicate a potential role of 20-HETE in cyst formation in the orthologous rodent PCK model of ARPKD.
Matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation (MAPLE) of functionalized polymers: applications with chemical sensors (1998)

A novel polymer processing technique, matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), for the deposition of organic and inorganic polymers and other materials, as ultrathin and uniform coatings has been developed. The technique involves directing a pulsed excimer laser beam onto a frozen matrix target composed of the polymeric material in a solvent. The process gently lifts polymeric material into the gas phase with no apparent decomposition. A plume of material is developed normal to the target, and a substrate positioned incident to this plume is coated with the polymer. The MAPLE technique offers a number of features that are difficult to achieve with other polymer coating techniques, including: nano-meter to micron thickness range, sub monolayer thickness precision, high uniformity, applicability to photosensitive materials, and patterning of surfaces. Highly functionalized polysiloxanes have been synthesized and deposited on a range of substrates by the MAPLE technique and characterized by: infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. High quality, uniform and adherent polysiloxane coatings are produced by the optimized MAPLE technique. The physicochemical properties of the coating are unaffected by the process, and precise thickness control of the coating is straightforward.
Statistical Analysis of Barefoot Impressions (2003)

Comparison of the shapes of barefoot impressions from an individual with footprints or shoes linked to a crime may be useful as a means of including or excluding that individual as possibly being at the scene of a crime. The question of the distinguishability of a person's barefoot print arises frequently. This study indicates that measurements taken from the outlines of inked footprint impressions show a great degree of variability between donors and a great degree of similarity for multiple impressions taken from the same donor. The normality of the set of measurements on footprint outlines that we have selected for this study is confirmed. A statistical justification for the use of the product rule on individual statistical precisions is developed.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty with Titanium Ingrowth Prosthesis and Bone Grafting for Failed Cemented Femoral Component Loosening (1988)

Fifty-seven hips (55 patients) had revision for failed cemented femoral component loosening using titanium ingrowth femoral components and cancellous bone grafting. The patients' average age was 59 years (range, 25-86 years), and the average follow-up period was 2.8 years (range, two to six years). The preoperative hip score averaged 45.5 (range, 10.0-80.7) and the postoperative hip score averaged 82.5 (range, 43.0-100.0). Complications included dislocation (4.0%), infection (4.0%, one recurrence from a previously infected hip and one acute hematogenous infection), and a 4.0% revision rate for loose femoral component. Another patient had a revision for a loose acetabular component. All parameters of hip function (i.e., pain, limp, activities of daily living, use of support, and distance walked) improved with time. Femoral component loosening is classified into four types based on the severity of loosening and instability. In Type I there is minimal endosteal or inner cortical bone loss, i.e., loosening from the cement-metal-bone interface or a broken stem (seven hips). In Type II there is proximal canal enlargement with cortical thinning of 50% or more and sometimes a lateral wall defect with an intact circumferential wall (23 hips). In Type III there is a posteromedial wall defect involving the lesser trochanter (23 hips). In Type IV there is total proximal circumferential bone loss in varying distances below the lesser trochanter (three hips). The Harris hip scores for the four groups were 93.0, 83.0, 80.0, and 78.0, respectively.
Early Increased Ficolin‐2 Concentrations are Associated with Severity of Liver Inflammation and Efficacy of anti‐Viral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients (2013)

Ficolin-2 is a kind of human serum complement lectin with a structure similar to mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and it has been implicated in innate immunity. Recent studies have shown that complement pathway activation may contribute to hepatitis. However, the relationship between ficolin-2 and viral hepatitis remains largely elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of ficolin-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty nine patients who had not yet received therapy [24 patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (>40 U/L) and 25 patients with normal ALT levels (≤ 40 U/L)], 28 patients with hepatitis C who received therapy for 2 weeks and 16 patients received therapy for a full month or longer were included in the study. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the ficolin-2 concentrations in all serum samples of patients and 42 healthy donors. We found the concentrations of ficolin-2 were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis C patients with abnormal ALT values than in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT values and healthy controls. Ficolin-2 concentrations in chronic hepatitis C patients with abnormal ALT values were positively correlated with ALT levels (P < 0.05). After therapy, the concentrations of ficolin-2 decreased and accompany with ALT and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels. Then, we found ficolin-2 concentrations in rapid viral response (RVR) group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while in non-RVR group, ficolin-2 decreased slightly (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that early increased ficolin-2 is highly correlated with hepatic inflammation and rapid viral response.