gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precoder Design for Physical Layer Multicasting (2012)

This paper studies the instantaneous rate maximization and the weighted sum delay minimization problems over a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -user multicast channel, where multiple antennas are available at the transmitter as well as at all the receivers. Motivated by the degree of freedom optimality and the simplicity offered by linear precoding schemes, we consider the design of linear precoders using the aforementioned two criteria. We first consider the scenario wherein the linear precoder can be any complex-valued matrix subject to rank and power constraints. We propose cyclic alternating ascent based precoder design algorithms and establish their convergence to respective stationary points. Simulation results reveal that our proposed algorithms considerably outperform known competing solutions. We then consider a scenario in which the linear precoder can be formed by selecting and concatenating precoders from a given finite codebook of precoding matrices, subject to rank and power constraints. We show that under this scenario, the instantaneous rate maximization problem is equivalent to a robust submodular maximization problem which is strongly NP hard. We propose a deterministic approximation algorithm and show that it yields a bicriteria approximation. For the weighted sum delay minimization problem we propose a simple deterministic greedy algorithm, which at each step entails approximately maximizing a submodular set function subject to multiple knapsack constraints, and establish its performance guarantee.
Auto-completing bug reports for Android applications (2015)

The modern software development landscape has seen a shift in focus toward mobile applications as tablets and smartphones near ubiquitous adoption. Due to this trend, the complexity of these “apps” has been increasing, making development and maintenance challenging. Additionally, current bug tracking systems are not able to effectively support construction of reports with actionable information that directly lead to a bug’s resolution. To address the need for an improved reporting system, we introduce a novel solution, called FUSION, that helps users auto-complete reproduction steps in bug reports for mobile apps. FUSION links user-provided information to program artifacts extracted through static and dynamic analysis performed before testing or release. The approach that FUSION employs is generalizable to other current mobile software platforms, and constitutes a new method by which off-device bug reporting can be conducted for mobile software projects. In a study involving 28 participants we applied FUSION to support the maintenance tasks of reporting and reproducing defects from 15 real-world bugs found in 14 open source Android apps while qualitatively and qualitatively measuring the user experience of the system. Our results demonstrate that FUSION both effectively facilitates reporting and allows for more reliable reproduction of bugs from reports compared to traditional issue tracking systems by presenting more detailed contextual app information.
Saccharin: Artificial Sweetener, Bitter Tastant, and Sweet Taste Inhibitor (2008)

Like all other sweet tasting compounds reported to date, saccharin activates the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3. Its threshold of activation is in the sub-mM range and the receptor responses saturate at 1-3 mM. In the same concentration range saccharin also activates the human bitter taste receptors TAS2R43 and TAS2R44. They likely mediate saccharin's bitter aftertaste that many subjects complain. At concentrations above 3 mM, saccharin antagonizes activation of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 by itself and other sweeteners. Apparently, saccharin binds to two sites, a high-affinity agonist-binding site and a low-affinity allosteric site. While only the former is occupied at low agonist concentrations leading to receptor activation, the latter becomes occupied at higher agonist concentrations causing receptor inhibition. Thus, we suggest that with rising concentrations the sensory properties of saccharin are impaired by a disproportionate increase in its bitter taste at the expense of its sweet taste.
On Optimal Detection of Noncoherent Chaos-Shift-Keying Signals in a Noisy Environment (2003)

Recently, an optimal noncoherent detection technique for chaos-shift-keying digital communication system has been proposed. It has been stated that computational intensity showed increases that were exponential with the spreading factor. In this Letter, we show that the implementation of the optimal detector can be made independent of the chaotic maps used, and that the computational intensity will increase almost linearly with the spreading factor. In particular, we use a tent map as an example to illustrate the decoding algorithm. The bit error performance of the system is then evaluated by computer simulations for a range of spreading factors. Further, we extend the optimal decoding algorithm for maps of higher dimension. The bit error performance for the case of simple 2-D maps are compared with that obtained using the tent map. Finally, the effect of increasing spreading factor on the bit error performance is studied for the case of 2-D maps.
Gene Transfer in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Using Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus (2013)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a DNA virus with a small (∼4.7 kb) single-stranded genome. It is a naturally replication-defective parvovirus of the dependovirus group. Recombinant AAV (rAAV), for use as a gene transfer vector, is created by replacing the viral rep and cap genes with the transgene of interest along with promoter and polyadenylation sequences. Only the viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) are required in cis for replication and packaging during production. The ITRs are also necessary and sufficient for vector genome processing and persistence during transduction. The tissue tropism of the rAAV vector is determined by the AAV capsid. In this unit we will discuss several methods to deliver rAAV in order to transduce cardiac and/or skeletal muscle, including intravenous delivery, intramuscular delivery, isolated limb infusion, intrapericardial injection in neonatal mice, and left ventricular wall injection in adult rats.
Ag<sub>4</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>F<sub>2</sub>:  An Electrochemically Active and High Silver Density Phase (2005)

Low-temperature hydrothermal techniques were used to synthesize single crystals of Ag(4)V(2)O(6)F(2). This previously unreported oxide fluoride phase was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy and was also evaluated as a primary lithium battery cathode. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), with a = 8.4034(4) A, b = 10.548(1) A, c = 12.459(1) A, beta = 90.314(2) degrees , and Z = 4. Ag(4)V(2)O(6)F(2) (SVOF) exhibits two characteristic regions within the discharge curve, an upper plateau at 3.5 V, and a lower sloped region around 2.3 V from reduction of the vanadium oxide fluoride framework. The material has a nominal capacity of 251 mAh/g, with 148 mAh/g above 3 V. The upper discharge plateau at 3.5 V is nearly 300 mV over the silver reduction potential of the commercial primary battery material, Ag(2)V(4)O(11) (SVO).
A Multivalent Clade C HIV-1 Env Trimer Cocktail Elicits a Higher Magnitude of Neutralizing Antibodies than Any Individual Component (2014)

It is currently not known how to generate potent NAbs to the diverse circulating HIV-1 Envs by vaccination. One strategy to address this diversity is to utilize mixtures of different soluble HIV-1 envelope proteins. In this study, we generated and characterized three distinct, novel, acute clade C soluble trimers. We vaccinated guinea pigs with single trimers as well as mixtures of trimers, and we found that a mixture of four trimers elicited a greater magnitude of NAbs than any single trimer within the mixture. The results of this study suggest that further development of Env trimer cocktails is warranted.
Daylight and occupancy adaptive lighting control system: An iterative optimization approach (2015)

We consider a smart lighting control system for daylight and occupancy adaptation with illumination and dimming constraints. The lighting system has multiple luminaires, with co-located light and occupancy sensors, and a central controller. The sensors communicate local occupancy state and illuminance measurements to the central controller where dimming levels for the luminaires are optimized. We consider an optimization framework wherein the objective is to minimize the power consumption subject to illumination and dimming constraints. The illumination constraint is to achieve an illumination value at the light sensor that is above a specified set-point, depending on the occupancy state. The dimming constraints are to achieve a level of spatial uniformity in dimming levels of the luminaires within a neighbourhood, with the dimming levels being within physical limits. We propose an iterative method for optimization to determine the dimming levels that (i) does not require explicit daylight knowledge for every iteration, and (ii) induces smoother dimming level changes in luminaires. The proposed method and optimization framework is compared with existing approaches, in terms of achieved illumination and dimming values, in an open-plan office lighting model.
Abstract 258: Development of death receptor agonists - A novel therapy for breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Binding of TRAIL to death receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) induces apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize TRAIL-death receptor agonist (DRA) that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. DRA is a small organic molecule. The pharmacokinetics of the DRA with a single oral dose was also characterized in nude mice. Blood was collected over 72-hour period after DRA administration, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for plasma drug concentration. The Cmax, tmax, and AUC of DRA were measured. DRA inhibited cell viability and colony formation, and induced apoptosis in estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and independent (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) human breast cancer cell lines, but had no effect on human normal mammary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The combination of DRA with paclitaxel or doxorubicin had synergistic effects on apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. DRA formed active TRAIL-DISC (death-inducing signaling complex) similar to that of TRAIL. DRA inhibited the growth of orthotopically implanted MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 tumors in nude mice. Histological examination of tumor tissues derived from DRA-treated nude mice revealed massive caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that DRA possesses a long terminal half-life, which is acceptable for further clinical development. In conclusion, we have identified DRA that can be used either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of human breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 258. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-258
Laser generation and detection of elastic waves in graphite/polymer composites (1996)

Laser-generated ultrasonic waveforms in graphite/polymer composites were detected with a reflection-mode confocal Fabry–Perot (CFP) interferometric system. The CFP was operated in reflection mode for maximum bandwidth (rise times &lt;40 ns). The observed waveform amplitudes are linear in laser power below an ablation threshold. Waveforms at higher power are interpreted as superpositions of thermoelastic (TE) and ablatic (AB) components. The AB wave is formed when the generating laser vaporizes surface material and causes the formation of a hot, glowing plasma. Direct photodetection of the ablation products indicates that the ablation process lasts more than an order of magnitude longer than the generation-laser pulse (5 ns). The ultrasonic waveforms, interpreted with the aid of a theoretical model of the CFP-detection system, are consistent with the assumption of two concurrent generation processes. The maximum amplitude of the ablatic component is reached later than that of the thermoelastic component because of the longer time scale of the ablatic generation.
Improving Cache Power and Performance Using Deterministic Naps and Early Miss Detection (2015)

Cache memory systems consume a significant portion of static and dynamic power consumption in processors. Similarly, the access latency through the cache memory system significantly impacts the overall processor performance. Several techniques have been proposed to tackle the individual power or performance. However, almost all trade off performance for power or vice versa. We propose a novel scheme that improves performance while reducing both static and dynamic power with minimal area overhead. Our proposed scheme reduces dynamic power by using a hash-based mechanism to minimize the number of cache lines read during program execution. This is achieved by identifying and not reading those that are guaranteed non-matches (i.e., cache misses) to a new access. Performance improvement occurs when all cache lines of a referenced set are determined non-matches to the requested address, and therefore skip a few cache pipe stages as guaranteed misses. Static power savings is achieved by exploiting in-flight cache access information to deterministically lower the power state of cache lines that are guaranteed not to be accessed in the immediate future. These techniques easily integrate into existing cache architectures and were evaluated using widely known CAD tools and benchmarks. We have observed up to 92, 17, and 2 percent improvements in performance, static, and dynamic power, respectively, with less than 3 percent area overhead.
Pixel Response of a Collinear Holographic Storage System (2007)

A paraxial solution of the coaxial holographic storage algorithm is proposed, which can be applied to calculate the pixel response and shift selectivity in a simple way. The pixel response by the simulation shows that the reference pattern is a key issue in the BER and Bragg selectivity of the system.
77‐1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Liquid Crystals beyond Displays: Smart Antennas and Digital Optics (2019)

Applications of Liquid Crystals (LC) beyond displays have gained increasing interest throughout established material and display industries as well as disruptive startup companies. In this paper we describe new materials and device concepts for smart antennas and digital optics applications.
Quasi-atomic layer etching of silicon nitride (2016)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is a promising technique that can solve the challenges associated with continuous or pulsed plasma processes—trade-offs between selectivity, profile, and aspect ratio dependent etching. Compared to silicon, oxide, and other materials, atomic layer etching of silicon nitride has not been extensively reported. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the self-limited etching of silicon nitride in a commercial plasma etch chamber. The process discussed in this paper consists of two sequential steps—surface modification in hydrogen plasma followed by the removal of modified layers in fluorinated plasma. In addition to the ALE characteristics, the authors also demonstrate that the process is anisotropic and the selectivity to oxide is &gt;100. Although the saturated etch rate of one monolayer per cycle could not be attained, self-limited etching of silicon nitride still enables us to incorporate the benefits of atomic layer etching such as an absence of isodense bias and an extremely high selectivity to oxide into practical etch applications.
Mesh quilting for geometric texture synthesis (2006)

We introduce mesh quilting , a geometric texture synthesis algorithm in which a 3D texture sample given in the form of a triangle mesh is seamlessly applied inside a thin shell around an arbitrary surface through local stitching and deformation. We show that such geometric textures allow interactive and versatile editing and animation, producing compelling visual effects that are difficult to achieve with traditional texturing methods. Unlike pixel-based image quilting, mesh quilting is based on stitching together 3D geometry elements. Our quilting algorithm finds corresponding geometry elements in adjacent texture patches, aligns elements through local deformation, and merges elements to seamlessly connect texture patches. For mesh quilting on curved surfaces, a critical issue is to reduce distortion of geometry elements inside the 3D space of the thin shell. To address this problem we introduce a low-distortion parameterization of the shell space so that geometry elements can be synthesized even on very curved objects without the visual distortion present in previous approaches. We demonstrate how mesh quilting can be used to generate convincing decorations for a wide range of geometric textures.
Window-based Tensor Analysis on High-dimensional and Multi-aspect Streams (2006)

Data stream values are often associated with multiple aspects. For example, each value from environmental sensors may have an associated type (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc) as well as location. Aside from timestamp, type and location are the two additional aspects. How to model such streams? How to simultaneously find patterns within and across the multiple aspects? How to do it incrementally in a streaming fashion? In this paper, all these problems are addressed through a general data model, tensor streams, and an effective algorithmic framework, window-based tensor analysis (WTA). Two variations of WTA, independent- window tensor analysis (IW) and moving-window tensor analysis (MW), are presented and evaluated extensively on real datasets. Finally, we illustrate one important application, multi-aspect correlation analysis (MACA), which uses WTA and we demonstrate its effectiveness on an environmental monitoring application.
Maskless imaging of dense samples using pixel super-resolution based multi-height lensfree on-chip microscopy (2012)

Lensfree in-line holographic microscopy offers sub-micron resolution over a large field-of-view (e.g., ~24 mm2) with a cost-effective and compact design suitable for field use. However, it is limited to relatively low-density samples. To mitigate this limitation, we demonstrate an on-chip imaging approach based on pixel super-resolution and phase recovery, which iterates among multiple lensfree intensity measurements, each having a slightly different sample-to-sensor distance. By digitally aligning and registering these lensfree intensity measurements, phase and amplitude images of dense and connected specimens can be iteratively reconstructed over a large field-of-view of ~24 mm2 without the use of any spatial masks. We demonstrate the success of this multi-height in-line holographic approach by imaging dense Papanicolaou smears (i.e., Pap smears) and blood samples.
Set Partition Coding: Part I of Set Partition Coding and Image Wavelet Coding Systems. (2008)

The purpose of this two-part monograph is to present a tutorial on set partition coding, with emphasis and examples on image wavelet transform coding systems, and describe their use in modern image coding systems. Set partition coding is a procedure that recursively splits groups of integer data or transform elements guided by a sequence of threshold tests, producing groups of elements whose magnitudes are between two known thresholds, therefore, setting the maximum number of bits required for their binary representation. It produces groups of elements whose magnitudes are less than a certain known threshold. Therefore, the number of bits for representing an element in a particular group is no more than the base-2 logarithm of its threshold rounded up to the nearest integer. SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees) and SPECK (Set Partitioning Embedded blocK) are popular state-of-the-art image coders that use set partition coding as the primary entropy coding method. JPEG2000 and EZW (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet) use it in an auxiliary manner. Part I elucidates the fundamentals of set partition coding and explains the setting of thresholds and the block and tree modes of partitioning. Algorithms are presented for the techniques of AGP (Amplitude and Group Partitioning), SPIHT, SPECK, and EZW. Numerical examples are worked out in detail for the latter three techniques. Part II describes various wavelet image coding systems that use set partitioning primarily, such as SBHP (Subband Block Hierarchical Partitioning), SPIHT, and EZBC (Embedded Zero-Block Coder). The basic JPEG2000 coder is also described. The coding procedures and the specific methods are presented both logically and in algorithmic form, where possible. Besides the obvious objective of obtaining small file sizes, much emphasis is placed on achieving low computational complexity and desirable output bitstream attributes, such as embeddedness, scalability in resolution, and random access decodability. This monograph is extracted and adapted from the forthcoming textbook entitled Digital Signal Compression: Principles and Practice by William A. Pearlman and Amir Said, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Compositional and Structural Analysis of Al-doped ZnO Multilayers by LEAP (2014)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique that uses a cyclical exposure and purging of chemical precursors to create thin films. ALD offers a high degree of control over the thickness and composition of the films. The technique is generally used for binary compounds such as oxide and nitrides. ZnO is grown by ALD as a transparent conductive oxide for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum (1998)

This is the first molecular subtyping system that distinguishes among clinical isolates of T. pallidum.
A Fluorescent Probe to Measure DNA Damage and Repair (2015)

DNA damage and repair is a fundamental process that plays an important role in cancer treatment. Base excision repair (BER) is a major repair pathway that often leads to drug resistance in DNA-targeted cancer chemotherapy. In order to measure BER, we have developed a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe. This probe binds to a key intermediate, termed apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, in the BER pathway where DNA damage and repair occurs. We have developed an assay to show the efficacy of the probe binding to AP sites and have shown that it can distinguish AP sites in DNA extract from chemotherapy treated cells. This probe has potential application in monitoring patient response to chemotherapy and evaluating new drugs in development.
Feature-rich continuous language models for speech recognition (2010)

State-of-the-art probabilistic models of text such as n-grams require an exponential number of examples as the size of the context grows, a problem that is due to the discrete word representation. We propose to solve this problem by learning a continuous-valued and low-dimensional mapping of words, and base our predictions for the probabilities of the target word on non-linear dynamics of the latent space representation of the words in context window. We build on neural networks-based language models; by expressing them as energy-based models, we can further enrich the models with additional inputs such as part-of-speech tags, topic information and graphs of word similarity. We demonstrate a significantly lower perplexity on different text corpora, as well as improved word accuracy rate on speech recognition tasks, as compared to Kneser-Ney back-off n-gram-based language models.