gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulating and blocking antibodies to the TSH-receptor have similar affinities and only subtle differences in their epitope recognition (2005)

TSH-receptor (TSH-R) autoantibodies (TRAb) in autoimmune thyroid disease have been known for their heterogeneous effect with either stimulation (TSAb) or blocking (TBAb) of their target, resulting in the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Over years these distinct properties were attributed to either different affinities or binding sites to the TSH-R. Aim of this study was the verification of this concept using for the first time both affinity purified TRAb from the serum of patients and monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to the TSH-R with TSAb or TBAb activity. Affinity purification of TRAb was performed from 11 patients with Graves' disease having strong TSAb activity and 11 hypothyroid autoimmune thyroid patients with strong TBAb activity. In parallel, murine moAbs were generated by genomic vaccination with TSH-R DNA, of which IRI-Sab2 and IRI-Sab3 showed particular high stimulating potency (in the nanomolar range), whilst 1H7 revealed strong blocking activity. After labelling and saturation studies on TSH-R the Kd of individual purified TRAb was between 0.6 and 4.4 10–10 M with no difference between TSAb and TBAb patients. A similar Kd in the 10–10 M range was seen for both the TSAb and TBAb moabs and also bovine TSH. Competition studies with TSAb sera from patients with Graves' disease (n=100), or having TBAb (n=8) or controls (n=104) for binding to the TSH-R revealed virtually identical patterns for all purified TRAb and all moabs, irrespective of their TSAb or TBAb properties. A subsequent mapping of the epitopes of the moabs revealed an overlap of the stimulating IRI-Sab2 and IRI-Sab3 with the blocking 1H7 at the concave horse shoe part of the TSH-R ectodomain, which is also the likely side of TSH binding. These two approaches challenge the notion that stimulating and blocking antibodies would recognize structurally distant epitopes on the TSH-R, or that they have different affinities. Their different clinical effects seem to be the result of subtle differences in aminoacid activation.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>: a pilot study (1990)

We conducted a 6-month open-label trial in which 10 patients with active psoriatic arthritis received 2 micrograms of oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 daily. Statistically significant improvement was noted in the tender joint count and physician global impression. Of these 10 patients, 4 had substantial (greater than or equal to 50%) improvement, and 3 had moderate (greater than or equal to 25%) improvement in the tender joint count. Two patients were unable to receive therapeutic doses because of hypercalciuria. High-dose vitamin D may be a useful therapeutic agent for psoriatic arthritis.
Imaging the attenuation coefficients of positron beams in matter: positron attenuation tomography (2015)

A new positron annihilation imaging modality is described that enables nondestructive measurement of the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of positron beams in heterogeneous materials. This positron attenuation tomography (PAT) technique utilizes a positron emission tomography (PET) system embedded within a uniform static magnetic field, such as is found in integrated PET/MRI scanners. A Ga68-generated positron beam constrained by a 3T magnetic field penetrates objects placed within the scanner. The positrons slow down and annihilate within the object. The resulting annihilation distribution is tomographically imaged by the PET camera. This image may be interpreted as a map of the product of the positron beam's flux and its LAC at each point in the volume. It is shown that under certain easily achieved conditions this image can be decomposed into separate maps of the flux and the LACs, without need for auxiliary measurements. Although these LACs may depend on both beam and material properties, a beam softening correction is demonstrated that effectively removes the dependence on beam variation, leaving a relative LAC that is characteristic of the material. Unlike x-ray, gamma-ray or other transmission techniques, PAT does not require the penetration of the beam entirely through the object. High resolution and high contrast images of positron beam LACs in objects may be produced over nearly the full range of the positron beam, which for Ga68 beta-rays in a 3T field is about 0.5 g/cm2. The first examples of PAT images and an initial characterization of performance will be presented.
Enumeration of Treponema pallidum cells cultivated in vitro by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1984)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to enumerate Treponema pallidum cells. The assay could detect from 2 X 10(7) to 4 X 10(8) treponemes per ml. Reactive rabbit serum and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (peroxidase conjugate) were used in the assay. Optimum results were obtained when 2,2'-azino-di(ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) was used as the dye for the enzyme reaction and the reactions were allowed to run for 45 min. Interestingly, assays in which in vivo-cultivated T. pallidum was used produced lower absorbance values than those in which T. pallidum was cultivated in vitro.
Vaults Engineered for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery (2011)

The vault nanoparticle is one of the largest known ribonucleoprotein complexes in the sub-100 nm range. Highly conserved and almost ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes, vaults form a large nanocapsule with a barrel-shaped morphology surrounding a large hollow interior. These properties make vaults an ideal candidate for development into a drug delivery vehicle. In this study, the first example of using vaults towards this goal is reported. Recombinant vaults are engineered to encapsulate the highly insoluble and toxic hydrophobic compound all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) using a vault-binding lipoprotein complex that forms a lipid bilayer nanodisk. These recombinant vaults offer protection to the encapsulated ATRA from external elements. Furthermore, a cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) reconstruction shows the vault-binding lipoprotein complex sequestered within the vault lumen. Finally, these ATRA-loaded vaults show enhanced cytotoxicity against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. The ability to package therapeutic compounds into the vault is an important achievement toward their development into a viable and versatile platform for drug delivery.
Generation and Characterization of Anti-MUC4 Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Normal and Cancer Cells in Humans (2004)

We have previously cloned the full-length cDNA (approximately 28 Kb) and established the complete genomic organization (25 exons/introns over 100 kb) of the human MUC4 mucin. This large molecule is predicted to protrude over 2 microm above the cell surface, in which MUC4alpha is an extracellular mucin-type glycoprotein subunit and MUC4beta is the transmembrane subunit. Over two thirds of the encoded protein sequence consists of 16-amino-acid tandem repeats (TR), which are flanked by unique sequences. In this study we generated and characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the TR region of MUC4. Mice were immunized with a KLH-conjugated MUC4 TR peptide, STGDTTPLPVTDTSSV. Several clones were purified by three rounds of limited dilutions and stable clones presenting a sustained antibody production were selected for subsequent characterization. Antibodies were tested for their reactivity and specificity to recognize the MUC4 peptide and further screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analyses. One of the MAbs (8G7) was strongly reactive against the MUC4 peptide and with native MUC4 from human tissues or pancreatic cancer cells in Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and confocal analysis. Anti-MUC4 MAb may represent a powerful tool for the study of MUC4 function under normal and pathological conditions and for diagnosis of solid tumors including those in the breast, pancreas, lungs, and ovaries.
DebugAdvisor (2009)

In large software development projects, when a programmer is assigned a bug to fix, she typically spends a lot of time searching (in an ad-hoc manner) for instances from the past where similar bugs have been debugged, analyzed and resolved. Systematic search tools that allow the programmer to express the context of the current bug, and search through diverse data repositories associated with large projects can greatly improve the productivity of debugging This paper presents the design, implementation and experience from such a search tool called DebugAdvisor.
Hot Spot Cooling and Harvesting CPU Waste Heat Using Thermoelectric Modules (2014)

The increasing integration of high performance processors and dense circuits in current computing devices has produced high heat flux in localized areas (hot spots) that limits their performance and reliability. To control the hot spots on a CPU, many researchers have focused on active cooling methods such as thermoelectric coolers (TECs) to avoid thermal emergencies. This paper presents the optimized thermoelectric modules on top of the CPU combined with a conventional air-cooling device to reduce the hot spot temperature and at the same time harvest waste heat energy generated by the CPU. To control the temperature of the hot spots, we attach small-sized TECs to the CPU and use thermoelectric generators (TEGs) placed on the rest of the CPU to convert waste heat energy into electricity. This study investigates design alternatives with an analytical model considering the non-uniform temperature distribution based on two-node thermal networks. The results indicate that we are able to attain more energy from the TEGs than energy consumption for running the TECs. In other words, we can allow the harvested heat energy to be reused to power other components and reduce hot spots simultaneously. Overall, the idea of simultaneous hot spot cooling and waste heat harvesting using thermoelectric modules on a CPU is a promising method to control the problem of heat generation and to reduce energy consumption in a computing device.
A Micropower Logarithmic A/D With Offset and Temperature Compensation (2004)

Logarithmic circuits are useful in many applications that require nonlinear signal compression, such as in speech recognition front-ends (SRFEs) and cochlear implants or bionic ears (BEs). A logarithmic current-input analog-to-digital converter (A/D) with temperature compensation and automatic offset calibration is presented in this paper. It employs a diode to compute the logarithm, a wide linear range transconductor to perform voltage-to-current conversion, and a dual-slope auto- zeroing topology with 60 dB of dynamic range for sampling the envelope of speech signals. The temperature dependence of the logarithm inherent in a diode implementation is automatically cancelled in our circuit topology. Experimental results from a 1.5-/spl mu/m 3-V BiCMOS process show that the converter achieves a temperature stability lower than 150 ppm//spl deg/C from 12/spl deg/C to 42/spl deg/C, and consumes only 3 /spl mu/W of power when sampling at 300 Hz. At this level of power consumption, we show that the design is thermal-noise limited to 8 bits of precision. This level of precision is more than adequate for deaf patients and for speech recognition front-ends. The power consumption is almost two orders of magnitude lower than state-of-the-art DSP implementations, and the use of a local feedback topology achieves a 2.5-bit improvement over conventional dual-slope designs.
Pricing Data: A Look at Past Proposals, Current Plans, and Future Trends (2012)

Traditionally, network operators have used simple flat-rate broadband data plans for both wired and wireless network access. But today, with the popularity of mobile devices and exponential growth of apps, videos, and clouds, service providers are gradually moving towards more sophisticated pricing schemes, including dynamic pricing. This decade will therefore likely witness a major change in ways in which network resources are managed and the role of economics in allocating these resources. This survey reviews some of the well-known past broadband pricing proposals (both static and dynamic), their current realization in various consumer data plans around the world, and discusses several research challenges and developments. It also provides a brief overview of the relationships between various pricing ideas in broadband data plans and their counterparts in other markets, such as electricity and transportation networks. By exploring the benefits and challenges of pricing data, this paper attempts to facilitate both the industrial and the academic communities' efforts in understanding the existing literature, recognizing new trends, and shaping an appropriate and timely research agenda.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Regeneration (2002)

The basis for native as well as therapeutic neovascularization is not restricted to angiogenesis but includes postnatal vasculogenesis. Our laboratory and others' have established that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are present in the systemic circulation, are augmented in response to certain cytokines and/or tissue ischemia, and home to as well as incorporate into sites of neovascularization. Given the background, EPCs have been investigated as therapeutic agents in these studies of supply-side angiogenesis under pathological as well as physiological conditions. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of EPCs for cardiovascular ischemic diseases.
Interferometric time-stretch microscopy for ultrafast quantitative cellular imaging at 1 µm (2013)

We demonstrate the first interferometric time-stretch microscopy in the 1 µm wavelength regime, for high-speed (sub-MHz) single-shot quantitative phase cellular imaging – a step forward for realizing high-throughput and high-content imaging-based screening.
Effect of temperature on the absorption loss of chalcogenide glass fibers (1999)

The change in the absorption loss of IR-transmitting chalcogenide glass fibers in the temperature range of -90 degrees C <or= T <or= 70 degrees C was investigated. For sulfur-based glass fibers the change in loss relative to room temperature was slightly affected by the temperature in the wavelength region of 1-5 microm. For lambda >or= 6 microm the change in loss was mainly due to multiphonon absorption. The change in loss for tellurium-based glass fibers increased significantly at T = 60 degrees C. The increase in the loss at short wavelengths (lambda <or= 4.1 microm) was due to electronic excitations in the tail states. Between 5 and 9 microm there was noticeable free-carrier absorption. Beyond lambda >or= 9 microm, multiphonon absorption dominated the loss spectrum.
High‐temperature polybenzimidazol‐based membranes (2010)

Abstract High‐temperature polybenzimidazole‐based membranes Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is an excellent material for phosphoric acid‐doped proton exchange membranes. PBI‐based membranes can operate reliably at temperatures above 120 °C, which provides high CO tolerance, fast electrode kinetics, and simplified water and thermal management. PBI membranes prepared by the polyphosphoric acid (PPA) process exhibit improved mechanical properties, proton conductivities, and fuel cell operational characteristics at higher phosphoric acid loading levels compared to the conventionally prepared PBI‐based membranes for high‐temperature fuel cell applications.
17.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystals for Electro‐optical Devices (2011)

Abstract Optically isotropic liquid crystals show quick response, and enable rubbing free process in LCD fabrication. However there are some specific issues to be solved for mass production. In this paper, the relations between electro‐optical properties and preparation condition and the other properties of relatively recent materials are mainly shown.
Progress and opportunities in optical beam steering (2019)

Non-mechanical beam steering for optical systems has been important for decades, but with the dramatic increase in commercial applications, such as the driverless car, it is becoming even more important. In this paper, three decades of progress in optical beam steering is discussed, along with a comparison of approaches being developed. Non-mechanical optical beam steering is compared against mechanical steering approaches. Unique space fed beam steering approaches are discussed using different active electro optical media. Some electro optical beam steering systems are explained in detail and some methods to improve the efficiency are presented.
Cloning and Developmental Expression Analysis of the Murine Homolog of the Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Gene (Sea1) (1996)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat which encodes glutamine in the novel protein ataxin-1. In order to characterize the developmental expression pattern of SCA1 and to identify putative functional domains in ataxin-1, the murine homolog (Sca1) was isolated. Cloning and characterization of the murine Sca1 gene revealed that the gene organization is similar to that of the human gene. The murine and human ataxin-1 are highly homologous but the CAG repeat is virtually absent in the mouse sequence suggesting that the polyglutamine stretch is not essential for the normal function of ataxin-1 in mice. Cellular and developmental expression of the murine homolog was examined using RNA in situ hybridization. During cerebellar development, there is a transient burst of Sca1 expression at postnatal day 14 when the murine cerebellar cortex becomes physiologically functional. There is also marked expression of Sca1 in mesenchymal cells of the intervertebral discs during development of the spinal column. These results suggest that the normal Sca1 gene, has a role at specific stages of both cerebellar and vertebral column development.
Output timing adjustment mechanism of optical and electronic combined buffer for optical packet switching (2016)

Our optical and electronic combined buffer architecture copes with both extensibility and energy-efficiency in optical packet switching. In this paper, we propose an output timing adjustment mechanism for its electronic parts.
Identification of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa as the major binding site for released platelet-von Willebrand factor [published erratum appears in Blood 1987 Jun;69(6):1789] (1986)

We studied the effects(s) of two monoclonal antibodies, 6D1 and 10E5 (directed against platelet glycoprotein Ib [GPIb] and the GPIIb/IIIa complex, respectively), and purified human plasma fibrinogen on the binding of released platelet-von Willebrand factor (vWf) to the platelet surface. Neither of the monoclonal antibodies nor fibrinogen had any effect on the amount of platelet-vWf expressed on unstimulated platelets or on the amount expressed on platelets stimulated in the absence of extracellular Ca++. However, the antibody directed against GPIIb/IIIa inhibited 72% of the thrombin-induced increase in the platelet-vWf bound to the platelet surface when platelets were stimulated in the presence of 5 mmol/L Ca++. The antibody against GPIb did not inhibit the surface expression of platelet-vWf on stimulated platelets in the presence of Ca++. Purified normal human fibrinogen inhibited the surface binding of platelet-vWf to thrombin-stimulated platelets to a degree similar to that observed with the monoclonal antibody directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex. These data indicate that platelet-vWf released from platelets binds primarily to the GPIIb/IIIa complex at or near the plasma fibrinogen binding site.
Dissociation of vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregatory activities of thromboxane by carbocyclic thromboxane A2, a stable analog of thromboxane A2. (1980)

Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 [2 beta (Z),3 alpha- (1E,3R*)-3-(3-hydroxy(1-octenyl)-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl-5-heptenoic acid], a stable analog of thromboxane A2, has been tested for its physiologic properties. Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 is a potent coronary vasoconstrictor, stimulating cornonary vascular smooth muscle at concentrations as low as 29 pM. At 1-5 micro M it is also an inhibitor of arachidonic-acid- and endoperoxide-induced aggregation of platelets. At 200 nM it stimulated the release of lysosomal hydrolases from large granule fractions of liver homogenate. It inhibited thromboxane synthesis in platelets, although it did not inhibit synthesis of prostacyclin in ram seminal vesicles. Thus, carbocyclic thromboxane A2, a molecule closely related to thromboxane A2, separates coronary vasoconstrictor from platelet-aggregating activity. The constrictor activity predominates in vivo; carbocyclic thromboxane A2 induces coronary vasoconstriction leading to myocardial ischemia and sudden death in rabbits in the absence of pulmonary or coronary thrombosis.
Human immune interferon gene is located on chromosome 12. (1983)

A cDNA clone for human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) gene sequences, plasmid p69, was used to chromosomally map the IFN-gamma gene by detecting human IFN-gamma gene sequences in DNA isolated from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. We were able to map the IFN-gamma gene by correlating the human chromosomes present in these hybrids with the human specific 8.8 and 2.0 kilobase pair fragments produced by EcoRI digestion of genomic DNA. Southern blot analysis of 37 hybrid cell lines indicated that the gene for IFN-gamma was on human chromosome 12. A hybrid containing a portion of chromosome 12 localized the IFN-gamma gene to the p1205 leads to qter region.
Comparative study of three protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Chicken protein-tyrosine phosphatase lambda dephosphorylates c-Src tyrosine 527. (1994)

To examine the substrate preference of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), we compared the activity of three transmembrane PTPs on dephosphorylation and regulation of c-Src and v-Src: chicken PTP lambda (ChPTP lambda), chicken PTP alpha (ChPTP alpha), and human leukocyte common antigen-related molecule (HLAR). In vitro, all three PTPs dephosphorylated v-Src, but only ChPTP lambda dephosphorylated c-Src. Their activities were also compared in Cos cells coexpressing Src and the phosphatase domains of three PTPs. These domains were fused with peptides for myristylation, so they associated with the cellular membrane. When c-Src was coexpressed with myrPTP lambda, its kinase activity was elevated 3-4-folds. This activation was less obvious when c-Src was coexpressed with myrPTP alpha or myrLAR. Analysis by cyanogen bromide cleavage showed that ChPTP lambda and myrPTP lambda dephosphorylated Tyr-527 of c-Src. Our data demonstrated the different activities of three PTPs on phosphoproteins, suggesting that Src Tyr-527 may require more specific PTP(s) than Src Tyr-416 for dephosphorylation in vivo.
Pump-limited, 203 W, single-frequency monolithic fiber amplifier based on laser gain competition (2011)

We present high power results of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded with a combination of broad and single-frequency laser signals. This two-tone concept was used in conjunction with externally applied or intrinsically formed thermal gradients to demonstrate combined stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression in a copumped monolithic, polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. Depending on the input parameters and the thermal gradient, the output power of the single-frequency signal ranged from 80 to 203 W with slope efficiencies from 70% to 80%. The 203 W amplifier was pump limited and is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported in the literature for monolithic, PM single-frequency fiber amplifiers.