gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Virtual Singers Generation by Incorporating Singing Dynamics to Personalized Text-to-speech-to-singing (2019)

We present in this work a strategy to enhance the quality of Text-to-Speech (TTS) based Singing Voice generation. Speech-to-singing refers to techniques transforming a spoken voice into singing, mainly by manipulating the duration and pitch of a spoken version of a song's lyrics. While this strategy efficiently preserves the speaker identity, the generated singing is not always perceived fully natural since the vocal conditions generally change between spoken and singing voice. By incorporating speaker-independent natural singing information to TTS-based Speech-to-Singing (STS) we positively impact the sound quality (e.g. reducing hoarseness), as it is shown in the subjective evaluation reported at the end of this paper.
Direct Conversion of Non-Functional Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Functional Somatic Elements Creates Scientific Paradigms to Address Key Challenges to Traditional Medicine and Biofabrication (2017)

The limited capacity of neuron circuitry and myocardium for self-repair constitutes a significant challenge to traditional medicine for tissue and function restoration. Recent technology breakthroughs demonstrate that non-functional pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can be directly and uniformly converted into a large supply of fate-restricted functional human neuronal or cardiomyocyte derivatives by small molecule induction, which not only constitute clinically representative progress in both human neuronal and cardiac therapeutic products for treating a wide range of incurable or hitherto untreatable neurological and regenerative-medicine diseases, but also offer manufacturing innovations for production scale-up and creation of replacement tissue and organ products.
Off-axis digital holography with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings (2018)

We report on an optical imaging design based on common-path off-axis digital holography, using a multiplexed volume Bragg grating. In the reported method, a reference optical wave is made by deflection and spatial filtering through a volume Bragg grating. This design has several advantages, including simplicity, stability, and robustness against misalignment.
The Application of a Metallic Copper Electrode to Potentiometric Detection of Reducing Species in Ion Chromatography (1986)

Abstract The use of a metallic copper electrode for potentiometric detection of reducing species such as ascorbic acid, hydrazine and hydroxylamine is reported. Detection of these species is based on the increase in electrode potential resulting from reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ions at the electrode surface, with the potential increase occurring because of the higher standard potential of Cu+/Cu0 in comparison to that of Cu2+/Cu0. Ascorbic acid and its oxidation product, dehydroascorbic acid, may be determined using a Vydac 302 IC anion-exchange column with 20 mM sodium tartrate at pH 6.2 as eluent, whereas hydrazine and hydroxylamine may be determined using a Nucleosil 10SA cation-exchange column with 2 mM citrate and 2 mM ethylenediamine at pH 4.5 as eluent. Calibration plots showed a linear relationship between electrode potential and low concentrations of injected species, while at higher concentrations, a logarithmic relationship was followed. Detection limits were in the range 2–10 nmol for the species examined.
A novel method of pulse power amplification using a CW injection locked oscillator pair (2003)

A new oscillator phenomenon is described, and this paper reports the first laboratory demonstration. A continuously running matched pair of oscillators and a magic-tee hybrid coupler are configured for amplification of pulsed RF input signals. During the OFF time of the input pulse, the power combined, free-running, cw output power generated by the oscillators is dumped, i.e. diverted away from the amplifier output port and directed to the fourth port of the magic-tee. This is accomplished passively, with no external electronics. A simple modification is made to the conventional configuration for cw injection locking and power combining a pair of oscillators using a magic-tee. Controlled transfer occurs between two operating conditions: injection locking during the ON time of the input pulse, and inter-injection locking during the OFF time.
Real-time garbage collection for list processing (1986)

In a list processing system, small reference counters are maintained in conjunction with memory cells for the purpose of identifying memory cells that become available for re-use. The counters are updated as references to the cells are created and destroyed, and when a counter of a cell is decremented to logical zero the cell is immediately returned to a list of free cells. In those cases where a counter must be incremented beyond the maximum value that can be represented in a small counter, the cell is restructured so that the additional reference count can be represented. The restructuring involves allocating an additional cell, distributing counter, tag, and pointer information among the two cells, and linking both cells appropriately into the existing list structure.
Novel Pomegranate Oil Nano-Emulsions for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Case of Genetic CJD (P5.236) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To develop safe long term preventive agents for neurodegenerative conditions. BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with progressive irreversible brain damage. Therefore, prevention of disease onset and advance by safe compounds that can be administered to subjects at risk or when first symptoms are noticable should be the main target of disease modifying research. Such at risk individuals are carriers of pathogenic mutations in key disease proteins, as is the case for mutant forms of the PrP protein, causing genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (gCJD).(gCJD). DESIGN/METHODS: To this effect and since sensitivity to oxidative stress plays a major role in neurodegenerative diseases, we treated our TgMHu2ME199K mice, which model for E200K PrP related gCJD, with Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in its natural form or in a novel emulsified formulation (Nano-PSO). PSO comprises large concentrations of a unique conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid, Punicic acid, considered as one of the strongest natural antioxidants. Young and asymptomatic mice, as well as older and already sick TgMHu2ME199K mice, were treated for several months either with PSO or with Nano-PSO. RESULTS: We show here that administration of large concentrations of PSO may delay disease presentation in young Tgs, and that lower doses of Nano-PSO significantly delayed disease onset in asymptomatic TgMHu2ME199K mice and postponed disease aggravation in already sick mice. Biochemical and pathological analysis revealed that while Nano-PSO treatment did not interfere with PrP accumulation, it reduced lipid oxidation and neuronal loss and restored neurogenesis, indicating a strong neuroprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-PSO formulations may be beneficial to subjects suffering from diverse neurodegenerative conditions, including prion diseases. Most important, they are safe enough to be administrated for long periods of time to asymptomatic at risk individuals. Study Supported by: ISF and the Agnes Ginges for human Neurogenetics
Neurite Outgrowth in Retinal Ganglion Cell Culture (2006)

Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are the projection neurons of the eye. The RGC is the primary cell type injured in a variety of diseases of the optic nerve, including glaucoma and optic neuritis. The most well-established extrinsic signal of RGC survival and axonal outgrowth is the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor. An immunopurification system has been adapted in order to filter large enough quantities of RGCs from the mixed population of retinal neurons in order to perform high-throughput screening in a 96-well format. Using this assay, the screening of a combinatorial chemical library for compounds with a similar effect to brain-derived neurotrophic factor may be preformed. Follow-up validation studies are performed by evaluating for a dose-response relationship.
Conditional WGANs with Adaptive Gradient Balancing for Sparse MRI Reconstruction (2019)

Recent sparse MRI reconstruction models have used Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to reconstruct relatively high-quality images from highly undersampled k-space data, enabling much faster MRI scanning. However, these techniques sometimes struggle to reconstruct sharp images that preserve fine detail while maintaining a natural appearance. In this work, we enhance the image quality by using a Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network combined with a novel Adaptive Gradient Balancing technique that stabilizes the training and minimizes the degree of artifacts, while maintaining a high-quality reconstruction that produces sharper images than other techniques.
Hybrid Opioid/Non-Opioid Ligands in Pain Research (2014)

To address the different types of pain (e.g. acute, chronic, neuropathic) different classes of medications, mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and narcotics (opioids), are used. More specifically, the alleviation or treatment of moderate to severe pain states commonly invokes the use of opioids. Unfortunately, their chronic administration induces various undesirable side effects, such as for example physical dependence and tolerance. One strategy to overcome these major side effects and to prolong the antinociceptive efficiency of the applied drugs involves the creation of multifunctional compounds which contain hybridized structures. Combination of opioid agonist and antagonist pharmacophores in a single chemical entity has been considered and extensively investigated, but opioids have also been combined with other bioactive neurotransmitters and peptide hormones that are involved in pain perception (e.g. substance P, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, cannabinoids, melanocortin ligands, etc.). Such novel chimeras (also called designed multiple ligands or twin/triplet drugs), may interact independently with their respective receptors and potentially result in more effective antinociceptive properties. The designed multiple ligands presented in this work include opioid-non-opioid peptide dimer analogs, mixed peptidic- non-peptidic bifunctional ligands and dual non-peptidic dimers. The main focus herein is placed on the design and biological evaluation of these multiple opioid compounds, rather than the synthetic approach and preparation.
Treatment of metastatic bone pain with tin-117m Stannic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid: a phase I/II clinical study. (1998)

The physical characteristics of Sn-117m combined with the biodistribution of the compound tin-117m (Stannic, 4+) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Sn-117m DTPA) suggest that it should be an excellent agent for the palliation of pain from bony metastases. Prior work has established the dosimetry and the safety for the material in human beings. The presence of low-energy conversion electrons should result in the relative sparing of the bone marrow while delivering a high radiation dose to sites of bony metastatic disease. Forty-seven patients with painful bone metastases from various malignancies were treated with Sn-117m DTPA. The patients were assigned to five different dose levels ranging from 2.64 to 10.58 MBq (71-286 microCi) per kg of body weight. Follow-up included review of pain diaries, performance scores, analgesic requirements, blood chemistries, and hematological assessment. Three patients received a second treatment. There was an overall response rate for relief of pain of 75% (range, 60-83%) in the 40 treatments that could be evaluated. No correlation was apparent in this limited series between response rate and the five dose levels used. The relief was complete in 12 patients (30%). The time to onset of pain relief was 19 +/- 15 days with doses < or = 5.29 MBq/kg and 5 +/- 3 days with doses > or = 6.61 MBq/kg. Myelotoxicity was minimal, with only one patient having a marginal grade 3 WBC toxicity. On the basis of our data, Sn-117m DTPA should be an effective and safe radiopharmaceutical for palliation of painful bony metastases. A large-scale trial is warranted to evaluate it in comparison to other similar agents.
Program verification using templates over predicate abstraction (2009)

We address the problem of automatically generating invariants with quantified and boolean structure for proving the validity of given assertions or generating pre-conditions under which the assertions are valid. We present three novel algorithms, having different strengths, that combine template and predicate abstraction based formalisms to discover required sophisticated program invariants using SMT solvers.
Stochastic scanning multiphoton multifocal microscopy (2006)

Multiparticle tracking with scanning confocal and multiphoton fluorescence imaging is increasingly important for elucidating biological function, as in the transport of intracellular cargo-carrying vesicles. We demonstrate a simple rapid-sampling stochastic scanning multifocal multiphoton microscopy (SS-MMM) fluorescence imaging technique that enables multiparticle tracking without specialized hardware at rates 1,000 times greater than conventional single point raster scanning. Stochastic scanning of a diffractive optic generated 10x10 hexagonal array of foci with a white noise driven galvanometer yields a scan pattern that is random yet space-filling. SS-MMM creates a more uniformly sampled image with fewer spatio-temporal artifacts than obtained by conventional or multibeam raster scanning. SS-MMM is verified by simulation and experimentally demonstrated by tracking microsphere diffusion in solution.
Design and development testing of an improved high-efficiency water heater (1983)

A high-efficiency water heater is described which uses a design approach quite different from the conventional center-flue water heater. While high efficiency might have been more readily achieved through the use of a powered combustion system, a cost/benefit analysis showed that a natural-draft system would be more cost effective for residential water heating. The subsequent improvements in a prototype and the current performance are described.
An integrated MEMS inertial measurement unit (2003)

With MEMS technologies, instrument subcomponents are integrated in the design to form individual gyroscopes and accelerometers on a single chip. This replaces the assembly of individual subcomponents which forms conventional instruments. Similarly, MEMS instrument components can be integrated to form complete inertial measurement units (IMUs). Integration is the only practical approach to realizing low cost and small size units, largely because both instrument and IMU assembly and instrument alignment tasks are eliminated. The obstacle to success is the lack of fabrication process maturity which limits the yield of satisfactory devices which, in turn, very severely limits the yield and escalates the cost of systems that require six working devices on the same chip. The solution to this problem is to base the IMU on instruments with a common design so that the fabrication process variations produce similar effects on each of the instruments. The IMU performance can be optimized by exploiting the commonality between instruments.
Detection of Epidemic USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Use of a Single Allele-Specific PCR Assay Targeting a Novel Polymorphism of <i>Staphylococcus aureus pbp3</i> (2013)

In recent years, the dramatic increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections has become a significant health care challenge. Early detection of CA-MRSA is important because of its increased virulence associated with the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and other toxins that may contribute to disease severity. In particular, the USA300 epidemic clone has emerged and now represents the cause of as much as 98% of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. Current diagnostic assays used to identify CA-MRSA strains are based on complex multiplex PCRs targeting the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) DNA junction, a multitude of genes, and noncoding DNA fragments or on a number of lengthy sequence-typing methods. Here, two nucleotide polymorphisms, G88A and G2047A, that were found to be in strict linkage disequilibrium in the S. aureus penicillin-binding protein 3 (pbp3) gene were also found to be highly associated with the USA300 clone of CA-MRSA. Clinical isolates that contained this pbp3 allele were also positive for the presence of SCCmec type IV, the ACME, and the PVL toxin gene and matched the t008 or t121 molecular spa types, which are associated specifically with the USA300 CA-MRSA clone. A single allele-specific PCR targeting the G88A polymorphism was developed and was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for the detection of USA300 CA-MRSA and 91.5% sensitive and 100% specific for the detection of all CA-MRSA isolates in this study.
Potent Heterocyclic Ligands for Human Complement C3a Receptor (2014)

The G-protein coupled receptor (C3aR) for human inflammatory protein complement C3a is an important component of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. A flexible compound (N2-[(2,2-diphenylethoxy)acetyl]-l-arginine, 4), known as a weak C3aR antagonist (IC50 μM), was transformed here into potent agonists (EC50 nM) of human macrophages (Ca(2+) release in HMDM) by incorporating aromatic heterocycles. Antagonists were also identified. A linear correlation between binding affinity for C3aR and calculated hydrogen-bond interaction energy of the heteroatom indicated that its hydrogen-bonding capacity influenced ligand affinity and function mediated by C3aR. Hydrogen-bond accepting heterocycles (e.g., imidazole) conferred the highest affinity and agonist potency (e.g., 21, EC50 24 nM, Ca(2+), HMDM) with comparable efficacy and immunostimulatory activity as that of C3a in activating human macrophages (Ca(2+), IL1β, TNFα, CCL3). These potent and selective modulators of C3aR, inactivated by a C3aR antagonist, are stable C3a surrogates for interrogating roles for C3aR in physiology and disease.
Core–Shell Microneedle Gel for Self-Regulated Insulin Delivery (2018)

A bioinspired glucose-responsive insulin delivery system for self-regulation of blood glucose levels is desirable for improving health and quality of life outcomes for patients with type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes. Here we describe a painless core-shell microneedle array patch consisting of degradable cross-linked gel for smart insulin delivery with rapid responsiveness and excellent biocompatibility. This gel-based device can partially dissociate and subsequently release insulin when triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) generated during the oxidation of glucose by a glucose-specific enzyme covalently attached inside the gel. Importantly, the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-responsive microneedles are coated with a thin-layer embedding H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-scavenging enzyme, thus mimicking the complementary function of enzymes in peroxisomes to protect normal tissues from injury caused by oxidative stress. Utilizing a chemically induced type 1 diabetic mouse model, we demonstrated that this smart insulin patch with a bioresponsive core and protective shell could effectively regulate the blood glucose levels within a normal range with improved biocompatibility.
Selective, Orally Active γ-Aminobutyric Acid <sub>A</sub> α5 Receptor Inverse Agonists as Cognition Enhancers (2004)

Nonselective inverse agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA-A) benzodiazepine binding site have cognition-enhancing effects in animals but are anxiogenic and can precipitate convulsions. Herein, we describe novel GABA-A alpha5 subtype inverse agonists leading to the identification of 16 as an orally active, functionally selective compound that enhances cognition in animals without anxiogenic or convulsant effects. Compounds of this type may be useful in the symptomatic treatment of memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
Molecular Cloning of Mannose-6-Phosphate Reductase and Its Developmental Expression in Celery (1997)

Abstract Compared with other primary photosynthetic products (e.g. sucrose and starch), little is known about sugar alcohol metabolism, its regulation, and the manner in which it is integrated with other pathways. Mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR) is a key enzyme that is involved in mannitol biosynthesis in celery (Apium graveolens L.). The M6PR gene was cloned from a leaf cDNA library, and clonal authenticity was established by assays of M6PR activity, western blots, and comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with a celery M6PR tryptic digestion product. Recombinant M6PR, purified from Escherichia coli, had specific activity, molecular mass, and kinetic characteristics indistinguishable from those of authentic celery M6PR. Sequence analyses showed M6PR to be a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, which includes both animal and plant enzymes. The greatest sequence similarity was with aldose-6-phosphate reductase (EC 1.1.1.200), a key enzyme in sorbitol synthesis in Rosaceae. Developmental studies showed M6PR to be limited to green tissues and to be under tight transcriptional regulation during leaf initiation, expansion, and maturation. These data confirmed a close relationship between the development of photosynthetic capacity, mannitol synthesis, and M6PR activity.
TU‐C‐204B‐03: Reducing Imaging Dose without Sacrificing Target Localization Accuracy: A Feasibility Study (2010)

Purpose: We develop and investigate the feasibility of reducing concomitant imaging dose without sacrificing tumor localization accuracy in IGRT, by making “smart” imaging decisions in real‐time. This study focuses on demonstrating the utility of adaptive imaging triggers instead of uniform triggering. Method and Materials: We demonstrate the sub‐optimality of the current uniform imaging scheme, in terms of accuracy v.s. imaging dose tradeoff. We developed an oracle imaging triggering strategy, which retrospectively distributes the kV imaging events to maximize localization accuracy over the treatment duration. The tradeoff between localization accuracy and total imaging dose from the oracle solution provides a performance upper bound and its deviation from the corresponding uniform image triggering scheme alludes to the potential of imaging less with the same localization accuracy. The proposed concept is tested on 159 patient derived 3D abdominal and thoracic tumor traces. Results: The oracle tradeoff curve dominates the current practiced uniform image triggering scheme, in the sense that for the same localization accuracy, it consistently reduces the required total number of images. Quantitatively, it manage to decrease the average imaging frequency by 40% to 50% in most cases. Furthermore, significant potential dose reduction is observed throughout a large range of motion patterns and under various total imaging dose conditions. Conclusion: We have proposed a feasibility study to investigate the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle in IGRT, by reducing imaging dose while maintaining tumor localization accuracy. Future work will focus on developing real‐time heuristics to approach the oracle performance and experimental verification of geometric and dosimetric accuracy. Research supported by NIH/NCI R01 93626 and AAPM Seed Funding Initiative.