gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grenzen der konfokalen Laser Scanning Technik bei Messungen der zeitaufgelösten Autofluoreszenz am Augenhintergrund / Limits of the confocal laser-scanning technique in measurements of time-resolved autofluorescence of the eye-ground (2005)

In order to be able to determine the capability of measurements of the time-dependent fundus auto-fluorescence as diagnostic tool exactly, the influence of the crystalline lens is to reduce through the combination of confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy with the principle of the aperture diaphragm division diversely.
Experimental Demonstration of Non-Binary LDPC Coded Modulation for Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission Systems (2011)

Performance of rate-0.8 4-ary LDPC coded modulation with MAP detector is demonstrated in 40Gb/s dual-polarization QPSK transmissions. We achieve >10 dB coding gain at BER of 10−6 and show no countable errors after 10,560 km transmission over legacy DMFs.
The influence of plasma gas species on the adhesion of thermoplastic to organic fibers (1993)

Abstract Adhesion between organic fibers and thermoplastics in a composite material is usually weak because of the lack of chemical and mechanical bonding. This study investigated the influence of plasma gas species in a novel technique to improve interfacial adhesion of Kevlar 49 fibers to polycarbonate. Single Kevlar fibers were exposed to radio‐frequency plasma discharge in atmospheres of argon, oxygen, and ammonia. Plasma treatment has been shown to generate reactive free radicals on polymer surfaces. The fibers that were coated immediately with a polycarbonate melt while still in the vacuum environment of a plasma reactor showed an increase in interfacial shear strength that was maximum at 4.1 s exposure and decreased at longer exposure times. At 4.1 s exposure, Ar and O 2 plasma treatment increased shear strength by 20 and 18%, respectively. NH 3 plasma treatment produced only a statistically insignificant increase at 4.1 s of exposure and a significant decrease in adhesion at 8.3 s of exposure. Fibers that were exposed to air for 1 h before coating showed no statistically significant increase or decrease in adhesion. The increase in adhesion of the directly coated fibers was attributed to free radical‐initiated formation of covalent bonds between the Kevlar and the polycarbonate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Control of implantable axial blood pumps based on physiological demand (2006)

Axial blood pumps have entered the arena of prolonged clinical support very successfully. The pump performance and sensitivity to delta pressure make them particularly suited for VAD support. However, in contrast to pulsatile pumps they do not offer an inherent Starling-like mechanism to adapt pumping performance to venous return and physiological demand. Within a joint project of the University of Vienna and MicroMed, an algorithm for physiological pump control was developed. The physician defines "Desired flow levels" at rest and exercise (see figure 1), depending on heart rate. The pump flow signal is analyzed continuously to determine if such pump flow can be achieved in consideration of potential suction and other constraints. Based on various experiences with LVAD patients 7 different algorithms were developed for automatic detection of ventricular suction. These algorithms analyze the flow pattern in time domain for the presence of distinct suction indicators. For selection and numerical optimization of the algorithms a data base of classified data records from more than 100 patients were collected
An interactive view for hierarchical clustering (2002)

The paper describes a visualization of a general hierarchical clustering algorithm that allows the user to manipulate the number of classes produced by the clustering method without requiring a radical re-drawing of the clustering tree. The visual method used, a space filling recursive division of a rectangular area, keeps the items under consideration at the same screen position, even while the number of classes is under interactive control. As well as presenting a compact representation of the clustering with different cluster numbers, this method is particularly useful in a linked views environment where additional information can be added to a display to encode other information, without this added level of detail being perturbed when changes are made to the number of clusters.
Widespread predicted nonsense-mediated mRNAdecay of alternatively-spliced transcripts of humannormal and disease genes (2003)

We have recently shown that a third of reliably-inferred alternative mRNA isoforms are candidates for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA surveillance system (Lewis et al., 2003; PROC: Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 189-192). Rather than being translated to yield protein, these transcripts are expected to be degraded and may be subject to regulated unproductive splicing and translation (RUST). Our initial experimental studies are consistent with these predictions and suggest an unappreciated role for NMD in several human diseases.
Quantum advantage in learning from experiments (2022)

Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with today's quantum processors.
Lossy/lossless region-of-interest image coding based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (2002)

We have incorporated a region-of-interest (RoI) coding functionality into Said and Pearlman's (see IEEE. Trans. CSVT, vol.6, p.243-50, 1996) SPIHT coding with integer transforms. By placing a higher emphasis on the transform coefficients pertaining to the RoI, the RoI is coded with higher fidelity than the rest of the image in earlier stages of progressive reconstruction thus the "important" part of the image is reconstructed more quickly than the rest of the image. This method significantly saves transmission time and storage space by terminating encoding or transmission in situations where the RoI needs to be coded losslessly and the rest of the image visually losslessly (lossy). In our model, the RoI can be flexibly specified either in the beginning or in the middle of the encoding process (either on the original image or on the full- or low-resolution image reconstructed by the decoder), through interaction with the user at the transmitting or the receiving end. Also, the speed with which the quality of the RoI improves in progressive decoding is flexibly specified by the user at either end. The proposed method is especially advantageous in an application where the image is browsed interactively, e.g. telemedicine.
Identification and functionality of proteomes secreted by rat cardiac stem cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes (2009)

In the heart, the proteomes secreted by both cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and cardiac myocytes could act synergistically, but the identification and functionality of the proteins comprising the individual secretomes have not yet been described. In this study, we have identified proteins present in the media obtained from cultured rat CSCs and from cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and compared them with proteins identified in the media alone. Briefly, 83 unique proteins were identified after analysis by RPLC and MS. In total 49 and 23% were NRVM-specific or CSC-specific proteins, respectively, and 63% of total 83 proteins were integral plasma membrane and/or known secreted proteins. Fifteen proteins met our criteria for paracrine/autocrine factors: (i) robust protein identification, (ii) cell specific and (iii) known to be secreted. Most of these proteins have not been previously linked to stem cells. NRVM-specific proteins atrial natriuretic factor (ANP) and connective tissue growth factor, and CSC-specific protein interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) were found to affect rat CSC proliferation. These findings suggest that relative concentration of each protein may be crucial for cellular intertalk and for the final outcome of cardiac cell therapy.
A Trial to Evaluate the Effect of the Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (DAPA-HF) (2019)

DAPA-HF will determine the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to conventional therapy, in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.
Use of magnetic particles to apply mechanical forces for bone tissue engineering purposes (2005)

It is possible to influence osteoblast activity by the application of mechanical forces. There is potential in using these forces for tissue engineering applications in that cell matrix production may be upregulated, resulting in a functional tissue engineered construct created in a shorter culture time. We have been developing a novel technique for applying mechanical forces directly to the cell with the use of magnetic particles. Particles attached to the cell membrane can be manipulated using an external magnetic field thus applying forces in the piconewton range. We have previously demonstrated that primary human osteoblasts respond to this type of stimulus by upregulating bone related gene expression and producing mineralized matrix at early time points. In this paper we discuss the optimization of this technique by presenting data on the effects of this type of force on osteoblast proliferation, phagocytosis and also the potential use of this technique in developing 3D tissue engineered constructs.
Microwave Balloon Angioplasty (1991)

Experimental studies have led to the conclusion that microwave balloon angioplasty (MBA) is effective in enhancing the primary result of angioplasty. The feasibility and efficacy of a microwave system to enhance the result of the primary angioplasty procedure were demonstrated for normal and atherosclerotic rabbit models. The result at four weeks was also enhanced by microwave energy. Clinical trials are planned to explore the clinical utility of this modality. The addition of microwave energy is effective in increasing the diameter of the vessel post angioplasty and in sealing dissections, and seems to be effective in aiding the resolution of thrombus. The role of microwave angioplasty in reducing the incidence of restenosis is a complex question. The current results, although encouraging are too preliminary to offer definitive answers. >
Partial argentation resin chromatography (PARC): II. Separation of saturated and Mono‐, Di‐, Tri‐ and tetraenoic fatty esters (1980)

Abstract Partial argentation resin chromatography (PARC) was used to separate a mixture of saturated and monoenoic, dienoic, trienoic and tetraenoic fatty esters. A series of columns containing XN1010 sulfonic acid resin silvered in the range of 17~91% of theoretical (meaning 17~91% of the sulfonic acid protons were replaced by silver ions) were prepared and were used to correlate the percentage silver with the separation and the retention times of unsaturated fatty esters. cis ‐Trienoic and tetraenoic fatty esters were eluted with methanol on PARC columns containing 36 and 17% silver. Partial silvering of the resin improved peak shapes while sample elution time and elution volume were reduced. Application of PARC to the separation of mixtures of fatty acids and mixtures of triglycerides was investigated and found to be not feasible with the present system.
Flower-shaped modes generation from a tunable optical vortex parametric laser (2019)

Optical vortex beam exhibits a ring-shaped spatial profile and carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM), characterized by an azimuthal phase term, e−ilΦ%(l is a topological charge and Φ is the azimuthal angle) [1], and has been widely applied in a variety of fields, such as optical tweezing and manipulation, and material processing [2]. Also, flower-shaped modes, i.e. coherent superposition of optical vortices with different OAM states also receive much attention, because their unique properties provide potentially advanced applications, including optical trapping [3] and quantum optics [4]. The aforementioned applications strongly desire a versatility of wavelength and OAM state to optical vortex sources [5]. In this presentation, we report on the first demonstration of a tunable vortex laser with versatile flower-shaped modes based on an optical vortex pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) formed of a non-critical phasematching LiB3O5 (NCPM-LBO) crystal in a linear cavity configuration with a cavity length of 60 mm.
Immunological characterization of the gag gene products of bovine immunodeficiency virus (1992)

The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) gag gene encodes a 53-kDa precursor (Pr53gag) that is involved in virus particle assembly and is further processed into the putative matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) functional domains in the mature virus. Gag determinants are also found in the Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor. To immunologically identify the major precursors and processed products of the BIV gag gene, monospecific rabbit sera to recombinant BIV MA protein and Pr53gag and peptides predicted to correspond to the CA and NC proteins and the MA-CA cleavage site were developed and used in immunoprecipitations and immunoblots of BIV antigens. Monospecific antisera to native and recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins were also used to identify analogous BIV Gag proteins and to determine whether cross-reactive epitopes were present in the BIV Gag precursors or processed products. The BIV MA, CA, and NC Gag proteins were identified as p16, p26, and p13, respectively. In addition to BIV Pr53gag, the major Gag precursor, two other Gag-related precursors of 170 and 49 kDa were identified that have been designated pPr170gag-pol and Pr49gag, respectively; pPr170gag-pol is the Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor, and Pr49gag is the transframe Gag precursor present in pPr170gag-pol. Several alternative Gag cleavage products were also observed, including p23, which contains CA and NC determinants, and p10, which contains a peptide sequence conserved in the CA proteins of most lentiviruses. The monospecific antisera to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CA (p24) and NC (p7) proteins showed cross-reactivity to and aided in the identification of analogous BIV proteins. Based on the present data, a scheme for the processing of BIV Gag precursors is proposed.
Intercalation of antimony pentafluoride in the lattice of graphite (1973)

J. M. Lalancette and J. Lafontaine, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 815 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000815
Phase control of all independent stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirrors by self-generated density modulation (2006)

We have shown experimentally and theoretically that the phase control of all independent stimulated Brillouin scattering-phase conjugate mirrors (SBS-PCMs) can be achieved by self-generated density modulation without coupling the beams.
The Benefits of Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS<sup>™</sup>) Testing in Substance Use Disorder (SUD). (2018)

Following 25 years of extensive research by many scientists worldwide, a panel of ten reward gene risk variants, called the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS), has been developed. In unpublished work, when GARS was compared to the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), which has been used in many clinical settings, GARS significantly predicted the severity of both alcohol and drug dependency. In support of early testing for addiction and other RDS subtypes, parents caught up in the current demographic of 127 people, both young and old, dying daily from opiate/opioid overdose, need help. In the past, families would have never guessed that their loved ones would die or could be in real danger due to opiate addiction. Author, Bill Moyers, in Parade Magazine, reported that as he traveled around the United States, he found many children with ADHD and other spectrum disorders like Autism, and noted that many of these children had related conditions like substance abuse. He called for better ways to identify these children and treat them with approaches other than addictive pharmaceuticals. To our knowledge, GARS is the only panel of genes with established polymorphisms reflecting the Brain Reward Cascade (BRC), which has been correlated with the ASI-MV alcohol and drug risk severity score. While other studies are required to confirm and extend the GARS test to include other genes and polymorphisms that associate with an hypodopaminergic trait, these results provide clinicians with a non-invasive genetic test. Genomic testing, such as GARS, can improve clinical interactions and decision-making. Knowledge of precise polymorphic associations can help in the attenuation of guilt and denial, corroboration of family gene-o-grams; assistance in risk-severity-based decisions about appropriate therapies, including pain medications and risk for addiction; choice of the appropriate level of care placement (i.e., inpatient, outpatient, intensive outpatient, residential); determination of the length of stay in treatment; determination of genetic severity-based relapse and recovery liability and vulnerability; determination of pharmacogenetic medical monitoring for better clinical outcomes (e.g., the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene reduces the binding to opioid delta receptors in the brain, thus, reducing Naltrexone's clinical effectiveness); and supporting medical necessity for insurance scrutiny.
Cyclosporins: Recent Developments in Biosynthesis, Pharmacology and Biology, and Clinical Applications (2001)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Clinical Applications of Cyclosporins Mode of Immunosuppressive Action Chemistry Structural Investigations of Cyclosporins, Cyclophilins, and their Complexes Biosynthesis of Cyclosporins
Wide‐band frequency agile <scp>MIMO</scp> antenna system with wide tunability range (2016)

ABSTRACT In this work, a 4‐element wide band frequency agile multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. Frequency agility is achieved by loading the antenna elements with capacitive reactance using varactor diodes. The proposed MIMO antenna is a wide band antenna with very wide tunability range between 1610 and 2710 MHz, thus covering several well‐known wireless standards. Each tuned band has at least 470 MHz bandwidth. The proposed design is simple in structure with low profile antenna elements. The design is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with single element dimensions of 7.9 × 26.9 mm 2 on a single board of dimensions 60 × 100 × 0.8 mm 3 . The proposed MIMO antenna system is highly suitable to be used in wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals within a cognitive radio platform. The antenna system is also characterized for MIMO performance metrics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2276–2280, 2016
Small-animal radionuclide imaging with focusing gamma-ray optics (2004)

Significant effort currently is being devoted to the development of noninvasive imaging systems that allow <i>in vivo</i> assessment of biological and biomolecular interactions in mice and other small animals. While physiological function in small animals can be localized and imaged using conventional radionuclide imaging techniques such as single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), these techniques inherently are limited to spatial resolutions of 1-2 mm. For this reason, we are developing a small animal radionuclide imaging system (SARIS) using grazing incidence optics to focus gamma-rays emitted by <sup>125</sup>I and other radiopharmaceuticals. We have developed a prototype optic with sufficient accuracy and precision to focus the 27.5 keV photons from <sup>125</sup>I onto a high-resolution imaging detector. Experimental measurements from the prototype have demonstrated that the optic can focus X-rays from a microfocus X-ray tube to a spot having physical dimensions (approximately 1500 microns half-power diameter) consistent with those predicted by theory. Our theoretical and numerical analysis also indicate that an optic can be designed and build that ultimately can achieve 100 μm spatial resolution with sufficient efficiency to perform it <i>in vivo</i> single photon emission imaging studies in small animal.
Distributed-mass micromachined gyroscopes for enhanced mode-decoupling (2004)

A novel micromachined z-axis gyroscope with multidirectional drive-mode is presented. The design concept aims to relax mode-matching requirement, eliminate effects of directional residual stresses, and completely decouple the drive and sense modes. The proposed approach is based on denning multiple drive-mode oscillators, distributed symmetrically around the center of a supporting frame. Quadrature error and zero-rate-output are minimized, since the instability and drift is suppressed, due to the enhanced decoupling of multidirectional linear drive-mode and the torsional sense-mode. By designing each drive-mode oscillator with incrementally spaced resonance frequencies, a constant total Coriolis torque is achieved over a wide range of driving frequencies, leading to relaxed mode-matching requirements; and thus, robustness and reduced sensitivity to structural and thermal parameter fluctuations are achieved. Bulk-micromachined prototypes have been fabricated in a one-mask SOI-based process, and experimentally characterized.
A Parallel-Hierarchical Model for Machine Comprehension on Sparse Data (2016)

Understanding unstructured text is a major goal within natural language processing. Comprehension tests pose questions based on short text passages to evaluate such understanding. In this work, we investigate machine comprehension on the challenging {\it MCTest} benchmark. Partly because of its limited size, prior work on {\it MCTest} has focused mainly on engineering better features. We tackle the dataset with a neural approach, harnessing simple neural networks arranged in a parallel hierarchy. The parallel hierarchy enables our model to compare the passage, question, and answer from a variety of trainable perspectives, as opposed to using a manually designed, rigid feature set. Perspectives range from the word level to sentence fragments to sequences of sentences; the networks operate only on word-embedding representations of text. When trained with a methodology designed to help cope with limited training data, our Parallel-Hierarchical model sets a new state of the art for {\it MCTest}, outperforming previous feature-engineered approaches slightly and previous neural approaches by a significant margin (over 15\% absolute).
Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Metal Ions in Live Tissues (2013)

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a new imaging tool that can detect biological targets deep inside a live tissue. To faciltate the use of TPM in biomedical research, a variety of two-photon (TP) probes for specific applications are needed. In this Forum Article, we describe the design strategy, photophysical properties, and biological imaging applications of a selection of our recent studies in the development of TP probes for metal ions. Small-molecule TP turn-on probes, organelle-targeted probes, and multicolor emissive probes for dual-color imaging are briefly reviewed.