gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the impact of somatic cell count on the value of milk utilising parameters obtained from the published literature (2014)

The impact of mastitis on milk value per litre independent of the effect of mastitis on milk volume, was quantified for Ireland using a meta-analysis and a processing sector model. Changes in raw milk composition, cheese processing and composition associated with increased bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) were incorporated into the model. Processing costs and market values were representative of current industry values. It was assumed that as BMSCC increased (i) milk fat and milk protein increased and milk lactose decreased, (ii) fat and protein recoveries decreased, (iii) cheese protein decreased and cheese moisture increased. Five BMSCC categories were examined from ⩽100 000 to >400 000 cells/ml. The analysis showed that as BMSCC increased the production quantities reduced. An increase in BMSCC from 100 000 to >400 000 cells/ml saw a reduction in net revenue of 3·2% per annum (€51·3 million) which corresponded to a reduction in the value of raw milk of €0·0096 cents/l.
Research on control strategy of cloud-based terminal user energy management system (2017)

In the context of the Internet, various forms of energy are connected with each other, and a large number of end users are involved. With the introduction of a large number of distributed power supply, End-users not only consume power from grid, but also deliver power to the grid. Through the free multilateral internet technology, power generation, transmission and power grid will be closely linked. Advanced big data technology, cloud computing technology and information processing technology are used to achieve energy management of a large number of end user. Cloud energy management system has been established to provide energy management services for a large number of end users. In this paper, the home user is chosen as the representative of the end user. Based on the characteristics of the equipment and the electricity consumption habits of residents, a genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal scheduling problem. The simulation results show that the method can effectively reduce the cost of electricity consumption.
Human brain contains high levels of heteroplasmy in the noncoding regions of mitochondrial DNA. (1996)

We have analyzed the level of intraindividual sequence variability (heteroplasmy) of mtDNA in human brain by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Single base substitutions, as well as insertions or deletions of single bases, were numerous in the noncoding control region (D-loop), and 35-45% of the molecules from a single tissue showed sequence differences. By contrast, heteroplasmy in coding regions was not detected. The lower level of heteroplasmy in the coding regions is indicative of selection against deleterious mutations. Similar levels of heteroplasmy were found in two brain regions from the same individual, while no heteroplasmy was detected in blood. Thus, heteroplasmy seems to be more frequent in nonmitotic tissues. We observed a 7.7-fold increase in the frequency of deletions/insertions and a 2.2-fold increase in the overall frequency of heteroplasmic mutations in two individuals aged 96 and 99, relative to an individual aged 28. Our results show that intraindividual sequence variability occurs at a high frequency in the noncoding regions of normal human brain and indicate that small insertions and deletions might accumulate with age at a lower rate than large rearrangements.
Effects of interference on couplings in three optical waveguides (1980)

In the interaction of a coupled, three-optical-waveguide system, it is shown that, even when there is no direct coupling between two phase-matched waveguides, the high-efficiency coupling between them can be established by the indirect coupling through the third phase-mismatched waveguide. It is also shown that the coupling between the two phase-matched waveguides, having direct coupling, can be effectively vanished by introducing the third phase-mismatched waveguide.
Toward collaborative software processes (1995)

"Integration" takes on many meanings in a software engineering context. Much progress has been made in the integration of tools available to a software engineer. Now the integration also encompasses the integration of software engineering teams. This paper presents an evolutionary view of software integration that includes the tool integration and the collaboration aspects of a fully integrated software engineering team. An example of a tool set integrated with a collaborative software process is presented. This example can serve as a starting point in the discussion of how process-centered software development environments can best be integrated with the collaborative tools that are emerging from computer-supported cooperative work research.
A Monolithic Dual 16-Bit D/A Converter (1986)

A monolithic dual high-speed 16-bit D/A converter is described. In the binary weighted current network a dynamic current divider is used to obtain the required high accuracy of the six most significant bits without any adjustment procedure or trimming technique. To construct the ten least significant bits a new approach is used to construct the passive divider stage based on emitter sealing of transistors. As the bit switches are optimized for fast-settling and low-glitch current, both converters can be used without extra sample-and-hold or deglitcher circuitry at sampling frequencies up to 200 kHz. The converter has a differential linearity of 0.5 LSB over a temperature range of -20 to +70/spl deg/ C. The high linearity of the converter results in a distortion of 0.001 percent over the audio band. The chip is processed in a standard bipolar process and the die size is 3.8 X 5.5 mm/sup 2/.
Polymer Supported Synthesis of Deoxyoligonucleotides using <u>In Situ</u> Prepared Deoxynucleoside 2-Cyanoethyl Phosphoramidites (1987)

Abstract 2-Cyanoethyl bis(diisopropylamino) phosphorodiamidite (1) is a stable and easily obtainable compound1 which, when activated with 0.5 eq. tetrazole, gives solutions of deoxyribonucleoside 2-cyano-ethyl phosphoramidites (2) useful for the synthesis of deoxyoligo-nucleotides. 2 Our results applying these in-situ prepared phosphoramidites for polymer-supported syntheses of a variety of deoxyoligonucleotides (DNA fragments) will be presented.
An Observer Based Framework to Improve Fidelity in Internet-Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations (2013)

Co-simulating distributed hardware-in-the-loop systems in real time over the Internet entails communication delays that can lead to significant loss of fidelity and even instability in the system. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an observer based framework that, unlike previously reported efforts, does not require the observer to know and model the observed system dynamics. This is achieved by deriving the closed-loop dynamics of the observer based on a sliding surface. Even though the resulting error system does not necessarily stay on a sliding surface, its asymptotic convergence to zero is still guaranteed. First, this idea is developed for a generic networked system simulation framework and its stability is established. Then, it is applied to a mass-spring-damper system to illustrate the mechanics of the approach on a simple, linear example and demonstrate that the approach can stabilize the system that is otherwise unstable due to delay. Finally, a vehicle-engine-driver system simulation is considered to evaluate the performance of the approach on a more realistic, nonlinear example. An improvement of up to 33% is observed in the fidelity of the simulation. The conclusion is that the approach holds a significant potential to alleviate the negative impact of delay and improve the stability and fidelity of networked system simulations. Its benefits become more pronounced as the delay increases.
Structures and chromosome locations of the human MEF2A gene and a pseudogene MEF2AP (1996)

The MEF2 family of transcription factors control the expression of muscle-specific and mitogen-induced genes. Here we describe the isolation and structure of the human MEF2A gene. The protein coding region of MEF2A is divided by 10 introns. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) is 3.7 kb in length, and it contains a region that is highly homologous with a portion of the 3' UTR of Xenopus MEF2A. A partially processed pseudogene (MEF2AP) corresponding to MEF2A was also isolated and characterized. Human MEF2A was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to chromosome 15q26, and MEF2AP was mapped to chromosome 1q24 --> q25.
Advanced Cathode Catalysts and Supports for PEM Fuel Cells (Final Report) (2012)

The principal objectives of the program were development of a durable, low cost, high performance cathode electrode (catalyst and support), that is fully integrated into a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with gas diffusion media, fabricated by high volume capable processes, and is able to meet or exceed the 2015 DOE targets. Work completed in this contract was an extension of the developments under three preceding cooperative agreements/grants Nos. DE-FC-02-97EE50473, DE-FC-99EE50582 and DE-FC36- 02AL67621 which investigated catalyzed membrane electrode assemblies for PEM fuel cells based on a fundamentally new, nanostructured thin film catalyst and support system, and demonstrated the feasibility for high volume manufacturability.
A review of the desulphurization methods used for pyrolysis oil (2019)

In this article we review the different methods that are used for the desulphurization of pyrolysis oil obtained from used tyres. A lot of research has been done on desulphurization of crude oil and its derivatives, mostly diesel. Since pyrolysis oil has similar properties to those of diesel, the methods employed can be extended and applied for the purification of pyrolysis oil. According to the ultimate analysis, pyrolysis oil contains about 1.6 wt% sulphur which is above environmental limit of 0.10 wt%. This investigation limits the methods of sulphur removal studied to; hydrodesulphurization, desulphurization by oxidation, extraction, adsorption and precipitation. Our findings are that the most expensive of these methods is hydrodesulphurization, mainly because of the high consumption of hydrogen as well as high temperature (320-450oC) and pressure (20-200bar) required for the process.
Comparative analysis of the genome organization of human adenovirus 11, a member of the human adenovirus species B, and the commonly used human adenovirus 5 vector, a member of species C (2003)

Adenovirus type 11 (Ad11), a member of the human adenovirus species B (HAdV-B), has a tropism for the urinary tract. The genome of Ad11 was found to comprise 34 794 bp and is 1141 bp shorter than the Ad5 genome of species HAdV-C. The G+C content of the Ad11 genome is 48.9 %, whereas that of Ad5 is 55.2 %. Ad11 and Ad5 share 57 % nucleotide identity and possess the same four early regions, but the E3 region of Ad11 could not be divided into E3A and E3B. The late genes of Ad11 and Ad5 are organized into six and five regions, respectively. Thirty-eight putative ORFs were identified in the Ad11 genome. The ORFs in the late regions, the E2B region and IVa2 show high amino acid identity between Ad11 and Ad5, whereas the ORFs in E1, E2A, E3 and E4, protein IX and the fibre protein show low amino acid identity. The highest and lowest identities were noted in the pre-terminal protein and fibre proteins: 85 % and 24.6 %, respectively. The E3 20.3K and 20.6K ORFs and the L6 agnoprotein were present in the Ad11 genome only, whereas the E3 11.6K cell death protein was identified only in Ad5. All ORFs but the E3 10.3K and L4 pVIII protein vary not only in composition but also in size. Ad11 may have a higher vector capacity than Ad5, since it has a shorter genome and a shorter fibre. Furthermore, in the E3 region, two additional ORFs can be deleted to give extra capacity for foreign DNA.
Strained Si, Ge, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloys modeled with a first-principles-optimized full-zone<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">k</mml:mi><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>method (2006)

The electronic energy band structure of strained and unstrained Si, Ge, and $\mathrm{SiGe}$ alloys is examined in this work using a 30-level $\mathbit{k}∙\mathbit{p}$ analysis. The energy bands are at first obtained with ab initio calculations based on the local-density approximation of density-functional theory, including a $GW$ correction and relativistic effects. The so-calculated band structure is then used to extract the unknown $\mathbit{k}∙\mathbit{p}$ fitting parameters with a conjugate-gradient optimization procedure. In a similar manner, the results of ab initio calculations for strained materials are used to fit the unknown deformation potentials that are included in the present $\mathbit{k}∙\mathbit{p}$ Hamiltonian following the Pikus-Bir correction scheme. We show that the present $\mathbit{k}∙\mathbit{p}$ model is an efficient numerical method, as far as computational time is concerned, which reproduces accurately the overall band structure, as well as the bulk effective density of states and the carrier effective masses, for both strained and unstrained materials. As an application, the present 30-level $\mathbit{k}∙\mathbit{p}$ model is used to describe the band offsets and the variations of the carrier effective masses in the strained ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}∕{\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{y}$ system.
Ion Exchangers (2008)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Structures of Ion‐Exchange Resins 2.1. Polymer Matrices 2.2. Functional Groups 2.2.1. Cation‐Exchange Resins 2.2.2. Anion‐Exchange Resins 2.2.3. Other Types of Ion‐Exchange Resins 2.3. Adsorbent Resins and Inert Polymers 3. Properties 3.1. Degree of Cross‐Linking and Porosity 3.2. Exchange Capacity 3.3. Stability and Service Life 3.4. Density 3.5. Particle Size 3.6. Moisture Content 4. Ion‐Exchange Reactions 4.1. Cation Exchange 4.2. Anion Exchange 4.3. Cation and Anion Exchange in Water Treatment 5. Ion‐Exchange Equilibria 5.1. Dissociation and pK Value 5.2. Mono ‐ Monovalent Exchange 5.3. Mono ‐ Divalent Exchange (Water Softening) 5.4. General Case 6. Exchange Kinetics 6.1. Principles 6.2. Kinetic Curves 6.3. Strongly Acidic or Strongly Basic Resins 6.3.1. Film Diffusion 6.3.2. Particle Diffusion 6.4. Weakly Acidic or Weakly Basic Resins 7. Practical Consequences of Ion‐Exchange Equilibrium and Kinetics 7.1. Operating Capacity, Regeneration Efficiency, and Regenerant Usage 7.2. Permanent Leakage 7.3. Water Analysis 7.4. Calculations in the Design of Ion‐Exchange Plants for Water Purification 7.5. Example of Calculation 7.5.1. Principle 7.5.2. Basic Data 7.5.3. Demineralization Unit 7.5.4. Polishing Unit 8. Industrial Use of Ion Exchange 8.1. Description of the Ion‐Exchange Cycle 8.2. Methods for Overcoming Equilibrium Problems 9. Ion‐Exchange Resin Combinations 9.1. Pretreatment 9.2. Softening 9.3. Demineralization (Primary System) 9.4. Polishing 9.5. Choice of Resin 10. Plant Design 10.1. General Considerations 10.2. Fixed‐Bed Ion‐Exchange Units 10.2.1. Column Diameter and Bed Depth 10.2.2. Small‐Scale Units 10.2.3. Industrial Co‐ and Counterflow Plants 10.2.4. Mixed Beds <jats:styled-conte
Adaptive context data distribution with guaranteed quality for mobile environments (2010)

The capability to gather and timely deliver any relevant information useful in service-provisioning environments, typically called context data, is increasingly recognized as a core function of modern ubiquitous and mobile systems. However, notwithstanding the large amount of literature on context modeling and representation, much work is to be done in obtaining context data distribution and retrieval with guaranteed quality levels. This paper offers three main contributions along that direction. First, it proposes a simple way to specify context data distribution requirements: these objectives called context data distribution level agreement (CDDLA) focus mainly differentiated priorities, quality metrics, and delivery delay. Second, it presents how to translate CDDLA into a set of system-level parameters to drive the infrastructure configuration. Third, it describes our novel infrastructure for quality-aware context data distribution in mobile and wireless wide-area environments. The paper reports some experimental results to point out how our solution can grant context data dissemination with required quality, while achieving overall system scalability.
Simvastatin Alleviates Hyperpermeability of Glomerular Endothelial Cells in Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK1 (2013)

Our results indicate that activation of RhoA/ROCK1 by high glucose disrupts the expression and translocation of occludin/ZO-1 and that simvastatin alleviates occludin/ZO-1 dysregulation and albuminuria by suppressing RhoA/ROCK1 signaling during early-stage DN. These results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the onset of albuminuria in early-stage DN.
Optimal Subcarrier and Power Allocation under Interference Temperature Constraints (2009)

Cognitive radio makes it possible for an unlicensed user to access a licensed spectrum opportunistically on the basis of non-interfering. This paper addresses the problem of resource allocation for multiaccess channel (MAC) of OFDMA-based cognitive radio networks, taking into account of the interference temperature constraints. The objective is to maximize the system utility, which is used to quantify different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of different users. Firstly, a theoretical framework is provided, where necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal subcarrier assignment and power allocation are presented under certain constraints. Then, an effective algorithm is devised for more practical conditions based on Lagrangian duality theory, where subgradient/ellipsoid method is applied for Lagrangian multipliers iteration. With polynomial time complexities, the proposed resource allocation algorithm is proved to achieve optimal system performance by numerical results.
Nanostructure patterns written in III–V semiconductors by an atomic force microscope (1997)

An atomic force microscope has been used to pattern nanometer-scale features in III–V semiconductors by cutting through a thin surface layer of a different semiconductor, which is then used as an etch mask. Cuts up to 10 nm deep, which pass through 2–5 nm thick epilayers of both GaSb and InSb, have been formed. Lines as narrow as 20 and 2 nm deep have been made. Selective etchants and a 5 nm GaSb etch mask are used to transfer patterns into an InAs epilayer. The results are promising for applications requiring trench isolation, such as quantum wires and in-plane gated structures.
Pharmacological Management of Cardiorenal Syndromes (2011)

Cardiorenal syndromes are disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The pharmacological management of Cardiorenal syndromes may be complicated by unanticipated or unintended effects of agents targeting one organ on the other. Hence, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders is paramount. The treatment of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors may affect renal function and modify the progression of renal injury. Likewise, management of renal disease and associated complications can influence heart function or influence cardiovascular risk. In this paper, an overview of pharmacological management of acute and chronic Cardiorenal Syndromes is presented, and the need for high-quality future studies in this field is highlighted.
Atomic layer deposition of chromium oxide nanolayers (2007)

Chromium oxide nanolayers containing active Cr(VI) groups have been grown on quartz, glass, and glass-ceramic substrates by atomic layer deposition. The effect of process parameters on the composition of the layers, the mechanism of layer growth, and the thermal stability of Cr(VI) has been studied, and the adhesive strength of aluminum and copper films evaporated onto chromium-oxide-modified substrates has been determined.
An overview of the nCUBE 3 supercomputer (2003)

nCUBE is developing a new family of massively parallel products-the nCUBE 3 systems. These next-generation supercomputers will be the industry's first implementable multi-TeraFLOPS platforms and will be 100% compatible with previous-generation nCUBE systems. The nCUBE 3 family will carry nCUBE's philosophy of high integration and scalability to new, industry-leading levels, offering systems that scale from low-end, entry-level products to high-end, grand challenge machines. After introducing the nCUBE 3 system, the authors describe the nCUBE 3 system implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers (2008)

Implementation of these recommendations should encourage optimal use of tumor markers.
Evaluations of the Stability of Sheathless Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Emitters Using Electrochemical Techniques (2001)

The processes that cause the failure of sheathless electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters, based on different kinds of gold coatings on fused-silica capillaries, are described and explained. The methods chosen for this study include electrochemical methods, ICPMS analysis of the electrolytes used, SEM studies, and electrospray experiments. Generally, the failure occurs by loss of the conductive coating. It is shown that emitters with sputter-coated gold lose their coatings because of mechanical stress caused by the gas evolution accompanying water oxidation or reduction. Emitters with gold coatings on top of adhesion layers of chromium and nickel alloy withstand this mechanical stress and have excellent durability when operating as cathodes. When operating as anodes, the adhesion layer is electrochemically dissolved through the gold film, and the gold film then flakes off. It is shown that the conductive coating behaves as a cathode even in the positive electrospray mode when the magnitude of a superimposed reductive electrophoretic current exceeds that of the oxidative electrospray current. Fairy-dust coatings developed in our laboratory (see Barnidge, D. R.; etal.Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 4115-4118,) bygluing gold dust onto the emitter, are unaffected by the mechanical stress due to gas evolution. When oxidized, the fairy-dust coatings show an increased surface roughness and decreased conductivities due to the formation of gold oxide. The resistance of this oxide layer is however negligible in comparison with that of the gas phase in ESI. Furthermore, since no flaking and only negligible electrochemical etching of gold was found, practically unlimited emitter lifetimes may be achieved with fairy-dust coatings.