gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the aortic pressure waveform from a radial artery pressure waveform via an adaptive transfer function: Feasibility demonstration in swine (2009)

We previously proposed a new technique to estimate the physiologically and clinically more relevant central aortic pressure (AP) waveform from a conveniently and safely measured peripheral artery pressure (PAP) waveform distorted by wave reflections. In contrast to conventional generalized transfer function (GTF) techniques, the technique is able to adapt the transfer function relating PAP to AP to the inter-patient and temporal variability of the arterial tree by defining it through a tube model and invoking the fact that aortic flow is negligible during diastole to estimate the unknown model parameters. We conducted feasibility testing of this adaptive transfer function technique here with respect to radial artery pressure (RAP) waveforms, for the first time, as well as femoral artery pressure (FAP) waveforms from four swine instrumented with AP catheters during several hemodynamic conditions. Our results showed that the AP waveforms estimated by the technique from the RAP and FAP waveforms were in superior agreement to the measured AP waveforms (overall respective errors of 4.1 and 4.8 mmHg) than the two unprocessed PAP waveforms (9.1 and 8.1 mmHg) and a previous GTF technique trained on a subset of the same data (5.0 and 5.8 mmHg).
Follow the Yellow Brick Road: Structural Optimization of Vibrant Yellow-to-Transmissive Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers (2014)

A series of conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized to extract structure–property relationships with the goal of yielding yellow-to-transmissive switching electrochromes. The polymers are based on repeat units of propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) in alternation with a variety of arylenes including 1,4-phenylene (ProDOT-Ph), 2,7-fluorene (ProDOT-Fl), 2,7-carbazole (ProDOT-Cbz), 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene (ProDOT-Ph(MeO)2), and 2,7-pyrene (ProDOT-Py). Additionally, a random copolymer containing ProDOT and two different arylene units was produced: ProDOT-phenylene-ProDOT-dimethoxyphenylene (R-ProDOT-Ph/Ph(MeO)2) and two polymers with a ProDOT dimer in alternation with pyrene and phenylene composed ProDOT2-pyrene (ProDOT2-Py) and ProDOT2-phenylene (ProDOT2-Ph), respectively. The polymers were synthesized using Suzuki polycondensation. Examinations of the optoelectronic properties via UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry show that varying the electron richness of the polymer by utilizing more electron rich arylenes, dimers of ProDOT, or less electron rich arylenes, the oxidation potential could be decreased or increased, respectively, ranging from 270 to 650 mV. Through subtle C–H ortho interactions from the arylene unit, yellow neutral state colors were maintained with transmissive or near-transmissive oxidized states. Colorimetry utilizing L*a*b*, where a*b* values correlate to the chroma or saturation of a color (note: −a* and +a* correspond to green and red and −b* and +b* correspond to blue and yellow, respectively) and L* represents the lightness, was used to show the maintenance of yellow colors in the neutral states. Herein, the yellow polymers had L* values above 84.0, a* values ranging from −11.6 to 24.8, and b* values greater than 47.6. In the oxidized states, the most transmissive forms had L* values above 70.0, a* values ranging from −2.1 to 2.0, and b* values ranging from −6.8 to −0.1. These structure–property relationships grant access to conjugated polymers with high energy absorbance in the visible, while allowing variability in redox potentials, providing a deeper understanding in yielding yellow-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers.
Melanin-Based High-Throughput Screen for <scp>l</scp> -Tyrosine Production in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

We present the development of a simple, high-throughput screen for identifying bacterial strains capable of L-tyrosine production. Through the introduction of a heterologous gene encoding a tyrosinase, we were able to link L-tyrosine production in Escherichia coli with the synthesis of the black and diffusible pigment melanin. Although melanin was initially produced only at low levels in morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) minimal medium, phosphate supplementation was found to be sufficient for increasing both the rates of synthesis and the final titers of melanin. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between extracellular L-tyrosine content and melanin formation was observed by use of this new medium formulation. A selection strategy that utilizes these findings has been developed and has been shown to be effective in screening large combinatorial libraries in the search for L-tyrosine-overproducing strains.
Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Responsive Poly(organophosphazene) Hydrogels (2002)

Water-soluble polyphosphazenes can be crosslinked either by gamma-radiation or by di- or tri-valent cations. The resultant materials imbibe or extrude water in response to changes in temperature, pH, or cations. These hydrogels offer the prospect of uses in responsive membranes, devices for the controlled delivery of drugs, enzyme immobilization and mediation media, and tissue engineering.
Regenerative Therapies Using Cell Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Disease (2011)

At present, cardiac diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Recently, a cell-based regenerative medicine has appeared as one of the most potential and promising therapies for improving cardiac diseases. As a new generational cell-based regenerative therapy, tissue engineering is focused. Our laboratory has originally developed cell sheet-based scaffold-free tissue engineering. Three-dimensional myocardial tissue fabricated by stacking cardiomyocyte sheets, which are tightly interconnected to each other through gap junctions, beats simultaneously and macroscopically and shows the characteristic structures of native heart tissue. Cell sheet-based therapy cures the damaged heart function of animal models and is clinically applied. Cell sheet-based tissue engineering has a promising and enormous potential in myocardial tissue regenerative medicine and will cure many patients suffering from severe cardiac disease. This paper summarizes cell sheet-based tissue engineering and its satisfactory therapeutic effects on cardiac disease.
Laboratory Investigation of Biochar-Modified Asphalt Mixture (2014)

The United States is promoting the establishment of a bio-based economy, generating energy and fuels from renewable organic matters rather than fossil fuels. Byproducts such as fractions of biochar not suitable for biofuel production are drawing extensive attention. (“Biochar” is defined by Oxford's online dictionary as “charcoal produced from plant matter and stored in the soil as a means of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.”) Recently, biochar produced with different production parameters was tried as an asphalt modifier owing to its carbon origin and proved to be positive in binder modification. This study evaluated the performance of hot-mix asphalt modified by one type of pyrolytic biochar with controlled production parameters. Typical carbon black powder pellets and microsized carbon fiber were selected as the reference additives. Multiple laboratory binder and performance tests were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties of the modified binder, rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. On the basis of test results, the biochar evaluated in this study proved to be an effective modifier in reducing the temperature susceptibility of the binder and thus increased the rutting, moisture, and cracking resistance of hot-mix asphalt. In addition, biochar proved to be a better asphalt modifier than did carbon black and carbon fiber.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rh-HGF) in patients with fulminant hepatitis: a phase I/II clinical trial, following preclinical studies to ensure safety (2011)

Intravenous rh-HGF at a dose of 0.6 mg/m2 was well tolerated in patients with FH or LOHF; therefore, it is desirable to conduct further investigations to determine the efficacy of rh-HGF at an increased dose.
Expanding Diesel Engine Cetane Limits through Staged Injection (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Interest in alternative diesel fuels has led to consideration of various types of poor ignition quality products, such as a broad cut fuel or a synthetic fuel/DF-2 blend. Attempts were made to expand the cetane number tolerance limit of an EMD 567B medium-speed diesel engine through staged injection to permit operation on such fuels. A small portion of the fuel was injected early in the cycle to act as a pilot for the main fuel charge. Both pilot and main charges were the same fuel. Knocking was eliminated on fuels with cetane numbers as low as 17 at the standard 16:1 compression ratio. Attempts to operate on methanol at 20:1 failed, but such operation may be feasible with further modifications.</div>
Uranium assay logging using a pulsed 14-Mev neutron source and detection of delayed fission neutrons (1976)

Abstract An in-situ uranium assay logging system has been developed that measures directly and quantitatively the uranium concentration in the formation surrounding a drill hole. System operation is based on the DFN (delayed fission neutron) method which involves (1) bombarding a formation with short duration bursts of neutrons from a pulsed-neutron generator to induce fission in any uranium present; (2) separating delayed fission neutrons, from source and prompt fission neutrons, by waiting a few milliseconds after each neutron burst before activating the neutron counter system; (3) deactivating the neutron counter system before the beginning of the next neutron burst; and (4) repeating this bombard-wait-count cycle a sufficient number of times to accumulate a statistically acceptable number of delayed neutron counts. The DFN logging method has been used routinely in our field operations for several years, and it has successfully overcome one of the most perplexing problems encountered in uranium exploration and production--that of radioactive disequilibrium. The need for coring and chemical assaying is virtually eliminated. The information provided by chemical assay of cores is made available by DFN assays on site and in minutes after the data are accumulated. The disequilibrium ratio is available to the field geologist immediately by comparing DFN assay ore grade to ore grade from a calibrated natural gamma-ray log. A DFN uranium assay logging system is capable of 8 ft/minute continuous semiquantitative logs and stationary quantitative assays. Calibration procedures and a method for correcting DFN assays for variable formation parameters, such as porosity and macroscopic absorption cross-section, have been developed. DFN logs, assays, and chemical assays of cores are in excellent agreement.
An Acoustic Charge Transport Imager for High Definition Television Application (1992)

The primary goal of this research is to develop a solid-state television (HDTV) imager chip operating at a frame rate of about 170 frames/sec at 2 Megapixels/frame. This imager will offer an order of magnitude improvements in speed over CCD designs and will allow for monolithic imagers operating from the IR to UV. The technical approach of the project focuses on the development of the three basic components of the imager and their subsequent integration. The camera chip can be divided into three distinct functions: (1) image capture via an array of avalanche photodiodes (APD's); (2) charge collection, storage, and overflow control via a charge transfer transistor device (CTD); and (3) charge readout via an array of acoustic charge transport (ACT) channels. The use of APD's allows for front end gain at low noise and low operating voltages while the ACT readout enables concomitant high speed and high charge transfer efficiency. Currently work is progressing towards the optimization of each of these component devices. In addition to the development of each of the three distinct components, work towards their integration and manufacturability is also progressing. The component designs are considered not only to meet individual specifications but to provide overall system level performance suitable for HDTV operation upon integration. The ultimate manufacturability and reliability of the chip constrains the design as well. The progress made during this period is described in detail.
<i>NETRA</i> : (2006)

We present netra, a tool for systematically analyzing and detecting explicit information-flow vulnerabilities in access-control configurations. Our tool takes a snapshot of the access-control metadata, and performs static analysis on this snapshot. We devise an augmented relational calculus that naturally models both access control mechanisms and information-flow policies uniformly. This calculus is interpreted as a logic program, with a fixpoint semantics similar to Datalog, and produces all access tuples in a given configuration that violate properties of interest. Our analysis framework is programmable both at the model level and at the property level, effectively separating mechanism from policy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this modularity by analyzing two systems with very different mechanisms for access control---Windows XP and SELinux---with the same specification of information-flow vulnerabilities. netra finds vulnerabilities in default configurations of both systems.
Reduction of Wind Turbine Noise Using Optimized Airfoils and Trailing-Edge Serrations (2009)

Acoustic field measurements were carried out on a 94-m-diam three-bladed wind turbine with one standard blade, one blade with trailing-edge serrations, and one blade with an optimized airfoil shape. A large horizontal microphone array, positioned at a distance of about one rotor diameter from the turbine, was used to locate and quantify the noise sources in the rotor plane and on the individual blades. The acoustic source maps show that for an observer at the array position, the dominant source for the baseline blade is trailing-edge noise from the blade outboard region. Because of convective amplification and directivity, practically all of this noise is produced during the downward movement of the blade, which causes the typical swishing noise during the passage of the blades. Both modified blades show a significant trailing-edge noise reduction at low frequencies, which is more prominent for the serrated blade. However, the modified blades also show tip noise at high frequencies, which is mainly radiated during the upward part of the revolution and is most important at low wind speeds due to high tip loading. Nevertheless, average overall noise reductions of 0.5 and 3.2 dB are obtained for the optimized blade and the serrated blade, respectively.
Eliminating the hysteresis effect for reactive sputtering processes (2005)

Reactive sputter processes frequently exhibit stability problems. The cause of this is that these processes normally exhibit hysteresis effects in the processing curves. Eliminating the hysteresis would significantly simplify the use of reactive sputtering processes. So far the only known way of eliminating the hysteresis is to increase the pumping speed to unrealistically high values. By an increased understanding of the process we have realized a fully realistic technique to eliminate the hysteresis for reactive sputtering processes. By simply reducing the size of the target sputter erosion zone below a critical value, simulations predicted that hysteresis should be eliminated. This has been experimentally verified for reactive sputtering of Al in an Ar∕O2 atmosphere. The fundamental explanation to this behavior as well as the experimental verification are presented.
Optimization Techniques In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1985)

With a minimally complete set of acquired patient data, computational techniques can be used to extract intrinsic quantities and reconstruct magnetic resonance (MR) images. The effects of various sequences can be modeled for the purpose of understanding the functional behavior of the NMR response to a variety ot changing parameters, as well as for the generation of new images without the need of actual acquisition. Maps are constructed which plot the signal difference between two tissues as a function of NMR parameters. These maps can be used as a guide to acquisition parameters for best contrast. Noise in calculated images resulting from the propagation or noise in the calculational process can be accounted for by displaying signal difference-to-noise as a function of NMR parameters. The effects of magnetic field strength changes on relaxation times are modeled using empirical data. These models are used to predict the effects on tissue contrast using difference maps and calculated images that have been extrapolated to new values of field strength.
Principles and applications of GFT projection NMR spectroscopy (2006)

The two defining features of G-matrix Fourier transform (GFT) projection NMR spectroscopy are (i) repeated joint sampling of several indirect chemical shift evolution periods of a multidimensional NMR experiment so that transfer amplitudes are generated which are proportional to all possible permutations of cosine and sine modulations of the individual shifts, and (ii) linear combination of the subspectra resulting from such repeated joint sampling in the time or frequency domain which yields edited subspectra containing signals encoding phase-sensitively detected linear combinations of the jointly sampled shifts. This review sketches the underlying principles of GFT NMR and outlines its relation to further developments such as the reconstruction of multidimensional NMR spectra.
Polymorphism of the <i>MPR1</i> gene required for toxic proline analogue resistance in the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> complex species (2002)

We recently discovered, on the chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sigma 1278b, novel MPR1 and MPR2 genes required for resistance to a toxic analogue of L-proline, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. The MPR genes, which were absent in the S. cerevisiae genome project strain S288C, encoded a novel acetyltransferase of 229 amino acids that detoxifies the analogue by acetylating it. The MPR1 gene homologue found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe was also shown to encode a similar acetyltransferase. To further analyse the origin and the physiological role of the yeast novel gene, we report here the comparative analysis of the MPR1 gene in the S. cerevisiae complex spp. which belong to the Saccharomyces sensu stricto group. Only the type strain of S. paradoxus exhibited resistance and acetyltransferase activity to L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. PCR was then used to isolate the new MPR1 homologue (Spa MPR1) from S. paradoxus with the primers based on the sequence of the MPR1 gene. Gene expression and enzymatic analysis showed that the cloned Spa MPR1 gene encodes an L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase of 231 amino acids, which has 87% identity to the MPR1 protein. We also found in the protein databases that S. bayanus contains a DNA fragment that is partly homologous to the MPR1 gene. However, the gene product was considered to lose the enzymatic activity, possibly due to the gene truncation or the base substitution(s) at the important region for catalysis. Further, genomic PCR analysis showed that most of the S. cerevisiae complex spp. have the sequence highly homologous to the MPR1 gene.
Generalized mixed‐mode reflective LCDs with large cell gaps and high contrast ratios (1999)

Abstract— A generalized mixed twisted‐nematic/birefringent‐effect mode reflective LCD is presented. This new mode encompasses all previously published reflective nematic LCD modes and is clearly shown on the parameter space diagrams. We also discuss how to obtain operating conditions of this generalized mixed‐mode display with large cell gaps, low color dispersion, and high contrast at low voltages. This operating mode is particularly suitable for reflective crystalline‐silicon‐backplane active‐matrix LCDs.
Development of an Infrared Sensory System with Local Communication Facility for Collision Avoidance of Multiple Mobile Robots (1997)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting both robots and obstacles using a local infrared communication system. If every robot in the environment has its own ID number and transmits it, then a robot can detect another robot by receiving the ID number. The robot can also detect an obstacle by receiving its own ID number which is reflected by the obstacle. We also propose a method of detecting interference during transmission when several robots are transmitting to one robot. Finally, we describe the development of a sensor system named LOCISS (locally communicable infrared sensory system) and basic experiments are carried out in order ,to evaluate its performance.
Selecting built-in self-test configurations for field programmable gate arrays (2002)

In our previous work, we have described a built-in self-test (BIST) approach for RAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which exploits the reprogrammability of the FPGA to create BIST logic only during off-line testing. The cost is additional external memory required to store the BIST reconfiguration data, leaving all FPGA logic resources available for system functions. In this paper, the memory requirements as well as the testing time are minimized by selecting a few BIST configurations which provide high fault coverage for inspection tests at board and system manufacturing as well as for efficient system diagnostics and field testing.
Discovery of a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) β/δ Inhibitor for the Treatment of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) Deficient Tumors: Building PI3Kβ Potency in a PI3Kδ-Selective Template by Targeting Nonconserved Asp856 (2017)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) β signaling is required to sustain cancer cell growth in which the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been deactivated. This manuscript describes the discovery, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of a novel series of PI3Kβ/δ inhibitors in which PI3Kβ potency was built in a PI3Kδ-selective template. This work led to the discovery of a highly selective PI3Kβ/δ inhibitor displaying excellent pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy in a human PTEN-deficient LNCaP prostate carcinoma xenograft tumor model.
Localization in Mobile Networks via Virtual Convex Hulls (2017)

In this paper, we develop a distributed algorithm to localize an arbitrary number of agents moving in a bounded region of interest. We assume that the network contains at least one agent with known location (hereinafter referred to as an anchor), and each agent measures a noisy version of its motion and the distances to the nearby agents. We provide a geometric approach, which allows each agent to (i) continually update the distances to the locations where it has exchanged information with the other nodes in the past; and (ii) measure the distance between a neighbor and any such locations. Based on this approach, we provide a linear update to find the locations of an arbitrary number of mobile agents when they follow some convexity in their deployment and motion. Since the agents are mobile, they may not be able to find nearby nodes (agents and/or anchors) to implement a distributed algorithm. To address this issue, we introduce the notion of a virtual convex hull with the help of the aforementioned geometric approach. In particular, each agent keeps track of a virtual convex hull of other nodes, which may not physically exist, and updates its location with respect to its neighbors in the virtual hull. We show that the corresponding localization algorithm, in the absence of noise, can be abstracted as a linear time-varying system, with nondeterministic system matrices, which asymptotically tracks the true locations of the agents. We provide simulations to verify the analytical results and evaluate the performance of the algorithm in the presence of noise on the motion as well as on the distance measurements.