gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process for conversion of ocean wave energy into electric power and apparatus. [electrochemical gas concentration cell] (1979)

The apparatus has no moving parts, and uses wave motion to vary the pressure of hydrogen gas in one of the cavities of a two-cavity chamber. The resulting imbalance of pressures in the cavities is relieved by conduction of hydrogen ions through a protonic conductor separating the cavities, and by conduction of electrons through an external circuit, enabling hydrogen gas to be formed on the low-pressure side of the chamber. The conduction of electrons constitutes a usable electric current. Virtually no hydrogen is consumed in this power generation process. 19 claims.
Ceramic Wick For Capillary-Pumped Heat Pipe (1989)

Fibrous ceramic wick allows choice of working fluid and high-temperature fabrication and/or operation. Wick material resists degradation at temperatures from -195 to +1,500 degrees C. Liquid refrigerant fills bore of silica/alumina wick. After flowing by capillary action through pores of wick, refrigerant evaporates from finned outer surface of wick and enters heat pipe, flowing toward condenser section.
Two new human papillomavirus types (HPV54 and 55) characterized from genital tumours illustrate the plurality of genital HPVs (1990)

The genomes of two new human papillomavirus (HPV) types, named HPV54 and HPV55, were cloned from penile lesions of 2 patients. HPV54 was isolated from a verrucous carcinoma (Buschke-Löwenstein tumour) together with full-length HPV6 genomes and HPV6 DNA molecules with a deletion of about 0.3 kb located in the non-coding region. HPV55 was isolated from a condyloma acuminatum. No cross-hybridization was observed between HPV54 DNA and the DNAs of the known cutaneous and genital HPVs by blot hybridization experiments performed under stringent conditions. In contrast, significant cross-hybridization was detected between HPV55 DNA and the DNA of HPV13, associated with benign oral lesions, and, to a lesser extent, with the DNAs of HPV6, 11, and 44, associated with benign genital proliferative lesions. The DNA sequence homology between HPV55 and HPV6, 11, and 13 was estimated at 12%, 12%, and 20%, respectively, by hybridization in liquid phase at saturation, followed by nuclease S1 analysis. The physical maps of HPV54 and 55 were aligned with the genetic maps of HPV16 and 11, respectively, by heteroduplex mapping and partial DNA sequencing. HPV54 is thus only weakly related to the known HPVs, while HPV55 represents an additional HPV6-related HPV type. HPV54 and HPV55 are uncommon genital HPV types since, in a survey of a large series of specimens of benign, pre-malignant or malignant anogenital and orolaryngeal tumours, HPV54 was not detected, and HPV55 was found in another case of condyloma acuminatum.
Efficient enzymatic production of benzaldehyde from <scp>l</scp>-phenylalanine with a mutant form of 4-hydroxymandelate synthase (2022)

Benzaldehyde is an organic compound with an almond-like aroma and one of the most important and widely used flavorings in the food industry. To develop an enzymatic process for the production of benzaldehyde from l-phenylalanine, four enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli; l-amino acid deaminase, 4-hydroxymandelate synthase, (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase, and benzoylformate decarboxylase. Although each E. coli strain could be used to synthesize benzaldehyde from l-phenylalanine, the yield was low due to the accumulation of an intermediate, phenylpyruvic acid. We developed a second reaction step by engineering 4-hydroxymandelate synthase of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. A quadruple mutant of 4-hydroxymandelate synthase (A199V/Q206R/I217V/K337Q) obtained by random and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated 2.4-fold higher activity than wild type. Furthermore, the mutant-expressing strain was able to produce benzaldehyde from 100 mm l-phenylalanine at a conversion rate of 84% (wild type, 37%). We report the development of an efficient process for benzaldehyde production using l-phenylalanine as a substrate.
Parallel Scheduling Algorithm based on Complex Coloring for Input-Queued Switches (2016)

This paper explores the application of a new algebraic method of edge coloring, called complex coloring, to the scheduling problems of input queued switches. The proposed distributed parallel scheduling algorithm possesses two important features: optimality and rearrangeability. Optimality ensures that the algorithm always returns a proper coloring with the minimum number of required colors, and rearrangeability allows partially re-coloring the existing connection patterns if the underlying graph only changes slightly. The running time of the proposed scheduling algorithm is on the order of $O(\log^2 N)$ per frame, and the amortized time complexity, the time to compute a matching per timeslot, is only $O(\log N)$. The scheduling algorithm is highly robust in the face of traffic fluctuations. Since the higher the variable density, the higher the efficiency of the variable elimination process, complex coloring provides a natural adaptive solution to non-uniform input traffic patterns. The proposed scheduling algorithm for packet switching can achieve nearly 100% throughput.
Accurate measurement of small delay defect coverage of test patterns (2009)

Small delay defect (SDD) testing is expected to become more prevalent as technology nodes continue to shrink and design frequencies continue to increase. In this paper, we critically examine previously published methods for evaluating SDD coverage and identify their shortcomings as an accurate and practical coverage metric. We propose an accurate method for measuring the coverage of small delay defects by any given pattern set. We demonstrate that the proposed metric overcomes the identified shortcomings of previously published approaches. For several ISCAS and industrial circuits, we generate test patterns and compare their SDD coverage values using different methods. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed method is several times faster to compute. Finally, we evaluate different testing strategies for screening small delay defects.
Necessity of the stalk region for immunoglobulin E interaction with CD23 (2002)

Previously, a soluble mouse CD23 chimera, composed of an N-terminal trimeric isoleucine zipper motif (lz) followed by the entire extracellular region (amino acids 48-331) of CD23 (lz-CD2348-331), was prepared and exhibited strong binding to rodent immunoglobulin E (IgE). In the current study, we report the construction of a similar human chimeric protein (lz-huCD2345-321), as well as a series of murine chimeric lz-CD23 mutants with incremental portions of stalk deleted, to further investigate the role of the stalk region in mediating the CD23-IgE interaction. All chimeric proteins were designed such that the predicted heptad structure of the stalk was retained. IgE binding, as determined by the capacity to inhibit 125I-IgE from binding to FcepsilonRI-bearing RBL-2H3 cells, and by surface plasmon-resonance analysis using an IgE-coated sensor chip, was unchanged from the original lz chimera and the binding parameters were similar to those of cell-surface CD23. The minimal murine chimera that retained IgE-binding activity was lz-CD23139-331, which still contains 35 amino acids of the stalk region. When the lz motif was linked to CD23 amino acid 157 (or higher), significant IgE-binding capacity was lost. With human lz-CD23, as with mouse, deletion of the stalk greatly reduced IgE-binding ability. In summary, the data support the concept that at least a portion of the stalk region of CD23 plays a crucial role in maintaining high-affinity/avidity interaction with IgE. The lz-CD23 constructs represent a possible alternative for both blocking the IgE/FcepsilonRI interaction and inhibiting IgE production by B lymphocytes.
Realization of small footprint microring reflectors (2011)

We present design, fabrication and characterization of a single wavelength narrow-band reflector made by integration of a DBR inside a ring resonator. The DBR covers half of the ring’s circumference and is only reflective at one ring resonance.
Insecticidal Activity of a Recently Described Bacterium,<i>Chromobacterium sphagni</i><sup>1</sup> (2018)

Several isolates of the recently described bacterial species Chromobacterium sphagni Blackburn et al. were obtained from water collected from Sphagnum bogs in West Virginia and Maine. Bacterial isolates were cultured in a liquid medium and applied to artificial insect diets in the laboratory. The new isolates were toxic to larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), but were not toxic to larvae of the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), or adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).
Fiber orientation measurement using polarization imaging. (2011)

In this paper, we present a new technique to determine the orientation of hair fiber, a key parameter in the evaluation of visual appearance of hair. Using polarization imaging and image analysis tools, we are able to measure the orientation of hair fiber for each pixel in the image. A theoretical analysis of the optical set-up is presented. Experimental data on a single fiber, hair tress, and complete head are given. Application to shampoo and conditioner is also demonstrated.
Hybrid optoacoustic tomography and pulse-echo ultrasonography using concave arrays (2015)

Implementation of hybrid imaging using optoacoustic tomography (OAT) and ultrasound (US) brings together the important advantages and complementary features of both methods. However, the fundamentally different physical contrast mechanisms of the two modalities may impose significant difficulties in the optimal tomographic data acquisition and image formation strategies. We investigate the applicability of the commonly applied imaging geometries for acquisition and reconstruction of hybrid optoacoustic tomography and pulse-echo ultrasound (OPUS) images. Optimization of the ultrasound image formation strategy using concave array geometry was implemented using a synthetic aperture method combined with spatial compounding. Experimental validation was performed using a custom-made multiplexer unit executing switching between the two modalities employing the same transducer array. A variety of array probes with different angular coverages were subsequently tested, including arrays for clinical hand-held imaging as well as stationary arrays for tomographic small animal imaging. The results demonstrate that acquisition of OAT data by mere addition of an illumination source to the common US linear array geometry may result in significant limited-view artifacts and overall loss of image quality. On the other hand, unsatisfactory US image quality is achieved with tomographic arrays solely optimized for OAT image acquisition without considering the optimal transmit-receive beamforming parameters. Optimal selection of the array pitch size, tomographic coverage and spatial compounding parameters has achieved here an accurate hybrid imaging performance, which was experimentally showcased in tissuemimicking phantoms, post-mortem mice, and hand-held imaging of a healthy volunteer. The efficient combination of the two modalities in a single imaging device reveals the true power of functional and molecular imaging capacities of OAT in addition to the morphological and functional imaging capabilities of US.
Towards a richer model of cloud app markets (2012)

Major cloud providers have recently been building cloud markets, which serve as a hosting platform for VMs pre-installed with a variety of software stacks. Clients of cloud computing leverage such markets by downloading and instantiating the VMs that best suit their computing needs, thereby saving the effort needed to configure and build VMs from scratch.
Delivery of vaccine genes and proteins into dendritic cells using the bacteriophage T4 DNA packaging machine (P3273) (2013)

Abstract Traditionally, vaccines are produced by empirical methods and current platforms generally do not allow complex designs to modify the quality and quantity of immune responses. We have developed a bacteriophage T4 platform that allows construction and delivery of multivalent vaccines containing both DNA and protein. Using this system, the composition of vaccines can be customized to address mechanistic questions as well as develop efficacious vaccines. The phage T4 DNA packaging machine consists of a molecular motor assembled at the portal vertex of an icosahedral head. The ATP-powered motor packages the 56µm-long 170-kb viral genome into 120nm x 86nm head to near crystalline density. We engineered this machine to deliver genes and proteins into mammalian cells. DNA molecules were translocated into emptied phage head and its outer surface was decorated with proteins fused to outer capsid proteins, Hoc and Soc. T4 nanoparticles carrying reporter genes, vaccine candidates, functional enzymes, and targeting ligands were efficiently delivered into cells, or targeted to antigen-presenting dendritic cells, and the delivered genes were abundantly expressed in vitro and in vivo. Mice delivered with a single dose of F1-V plague vaccine containing both gene and protein elicited robust antibody and cellular immune responses. This "progene delivery" approach might lead to new types of genetic therapies and prime-boost vaccines against complex infectious diseases such as HIV and malaria.
Pseudo-Fourier imaging (PFI): a technique for spatial encoding in MRI (1997)

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial discrimination is usually achieved with selective excitation and/or Fourier encoding. While these approaches are favorable in most situations, it is sometimes desirable to have an approach that takes advantage of both selective excitation and Fourier encoding. In this paper, we describe the theory and experimental results of a new technique, which we will call pseudo-Fourier imaging (PFI), that provides a flexible combination of both approaches. The technique is based on a windowed Fourier transform that expands the continuous object spatial distribution in terms of coherent states. A detailed description of the proposed technique is presented in this paper. The practical implementation of this technique is described and shown to be achieveable using a set of selective excitations combined with a number of Fourier encoding steps. Then, the signal-to-noise ratio of the new technique is derived to show that it can be varied at will anywhere in the range between the ratios for selective excitation and Fourier encoding. Finally, the experimental results of implementing the technique are presented and some potential applications of the technique such as volume imaging, dynamic imaging and magnetic resonance angiography are discussed.
Gradient Field Detection Using Interference of Stimulated Microwave Optical Sidebands (2022)

We demonstrate that stimulated microwave optical sideband generation using parametric frequency conversion can be utilized as a powerful technique for coherent state detection in atomic physics experiments. The technique has advantages over traditional absorption or polarization rotation-based measurements and enables the isolation of signal photons from probe photons. We outline a theoretical framework that accurately models sideband generation using a density matrix formalism. Using this technique, we demonstrate a novel intrinsic magnetic gradiometer that detects magnetic gradient fields between two spatially separated vapor cells by measuring the frequency of the beat note between sidebands generated within each cell. The sidebands are produced with high efficiency using parametric frequency conversion of a probe beam interacting with ^{87}Rb atoms in a coherent superposition of magnetically sensitive hyperfine ground states. Interference between the sidebands generates a low-frequency beat note whose frequency is determined by the magnetic field gradient between the two vapor cells. In contrast to traditional gradiometers the intermediate step of measuring the magnetic field experienced by the two vapor cells is unnecessary. We show that this technique can be readily implemented in a practical device by demonstrating a compact magnetic gradiometer sensor head with a sensitivity of 25 fT/cm/sqrt[Hz] with a 4.4 cm baseline, while operating in a noisy laboratory environment unshielded from Earth's field.
Comparative Polygenic Analysis of Maximal Ethanol Accumulation Capacity and Tolerance to High Ethanol Levels of Cell Proliferation in Yeast (2013)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to accumulate ≥17% ethanol (v/v) by fermentation in the absence of cell proliferation. The genetic basis of this unique capacity is unknown. Up to now, all research has focused on tolerance of yeast cell proliferation to high ethanol levels. Comparison of maximal ethanol accumulation capacity and ethanol tolerance of cell proliferation in 68 yeast strains showed a poor correlation, but higher ethanol tolerance of cell proliferation clearly increased the likelihood of superior maximal ethanol accumulation capacity. We have applied pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis to identify the polygenic basis of these two complex traits using segregants from a cross of a haploid derivative of the sake strain CBS1585 and the lab strain BY. From a total of 301 segregants, 22 superior segregants accumulating ≥17% ethanol in small-scale fermentations and 32 superior segregants growing in the presence of 18% ethanol, were separately pooled and sequenced. Plotting SNP variant frequency against chromosomal position revealed eleven and eight Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for the two traits, respectively, and showed that the genetic basis of the two traits is partially different. Fine-mapping and Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis identified ADE1, URA3, and KIN3, encoding a protein kinase involved in DNA damage repair, as specific causative genes for maximal ethanol accumulation capacity. These genes, as well as the previously identified MKT1 gene, were not linked in this genetic background to tolerance of cell proliferation to high ethanol levels. The superior KIN3 allele contained two SNPs, which are absent in all yeast strains sequenced up to now. This work provides the first insight in the genetic basis of maximal ethanol accumulation capacity in yeast and reveals for the first time the importance of DNA damage repair in yeast ethanol tolerance.
An Optimization-based Approach to Dynamic Visual Context Management (2006)

We are building an intelligent multimodal conversation system to aid users in exploring large and complex data sets. To tailor to diverse user queries introduced during a conversation, we automate the generation of system responses, including both spoken and visual outputs. In this paper, we focus on the problem of visual context management, a process that dynamically updates an existing visual display to effectively incorporate new information requested by subsequent user queries. Specifically, we develop an optimization based approach to visual context management. Compared to existing approaches, which normally handle predictable visual context updates, our work offers two unique contributions. First, we provide a general computational framework that can effectively manage a visual context for diverse, unanticipated situations encountered in a user system conversation. Moreover, we optimize the satisfaction of both semantic and visual constraints, which otherwise are difficult to balance using simple heuristics. Second, we present an extensible representation model that uses feature based metrics to uniformly define all constraints. We have applied our work to two different applications and our evaluation has shown the promise of this work.
Super‐Compressible Foamlike Carbon Nanotube Films. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constant-slope rate allocation for distributed real-world encoding (2016)

Parallel encoding systems face the problem of distributed coding decisions, an example of which is rate allocation between different encoding chunks. Distributed encoding is traditionally performed by assigning a fixed bitrate or quality setting to each chunk, after which the chunk uses rate control to achieve that particular target. In this paper, we discuss the use of constant-slope encoding, resulting in chunks which all operate at the same quality-rate trade-off. The (Lagrangian) optimization can be performed independent of the chosen codec or distortion/quality metric. In this paper, we report results for mobile resolutions for VP9 encodes, on both open-source and Netflix catalog original and licensed content titles. BD-rate gains are obtained of 6.8 % on average, and a more constant quality across titles is observed.
SALL4, a novel oncogene, is constitutively expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and induces AML in transgenic mice (2006)

SALL4, a human homolog to Drosophila spalt, is a novel zinc finger transcriptional factor essential for development. We cloned SALL4 and its isoforms (SALL4A and SALL4B). Through immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that SALL4 was constitutively expressed in human primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 81), and directly tested the leukemogenic potential of constitutive expression of SALL4 in a murine model. SALL4B transgenic mice developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-like features and subsequently AML that was transplantable. Increased apoptosis associated with dysmyelopoiesis was evident in transgenic mouse marrow and colony-formation (CFU) assays. Both isoforms could bind to beta-catenin and synergistically enhanced the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Our data suggest that the constitutive expression of SALL4 causes MDS/AML, most likely through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Our murine model provides a useful platform to study human MDS/AML transformation, as well as the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway's role in the pathogenesis of leukemia stem cells.
Production of triglycerides enriched in long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (1996)

Abstract Processes that combine enzymic and physical techniques have been studied for concentrating and separating eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil. Candida rugosa lipase was used in hydrolysis reactions to concentrate these acids in the glyceride fraction. By controlling the degree of hydrolysis, two products have been obtained, one enriched in total n‐3(∼50%), the other enriched in DHA and depleted in EPA (DHA∼40%, EPA∼7%). The glyceride fraction from these reactions was recovered by evaporation and converted back to triglycerides by partial enzymic hydrolysis, followed by enzymic esterification. Both reactions were carried out with Rhizomucor miehei lipase. DHA‐depleted free fatty acids from a C. rugosa hydrolysis were fractionated to increase the EPA level (∼30%) and re‐esterified to triglycerides by reaction with glycerol and R. miehei .
State-of-the-art ESD protection devices and techniques for digital and analog technologies (2016)

This paper is a review of the latest advances in ESD protection for analog and digital technologies. The paper will introduce the latest ESD protection devices for FinFET and FDSOI technologies such as Field effect diode, Field effect resistor. We will introduce an example of innovation for analog ESD protection focusing on system level automotive applications namely Mutual ballasting layout technique.