gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
411. CD5 CAR for the Treatment of T-Cell Malignancies (2015)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have emerged as a powerful therapeutic tool by redirecting patients’ own T cells to tackle hematologic malignancies – in particular, those of B cell origin. However, T cell malignancies remain a more challenging task for CAR T cells owing to the shared expression of targetable tumor-associated antigens between normal and cancerous T cells, potentially invoking fratricide of CAR T cells and/or profound immunodeficiency. We designed a novel CAR targeting CD5, a common marker expressed in ~80% of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma blasts as well as in normal T cells. Upon transduction with CD5 CAR, more than 95% of T cells expressed the CAR while producing limited and transient fratricide. Fratricide of CD5 CAR T cells was mainly directed against naïve phenotype and central memory cells, eliminating more than 50% of cells in these subsets and resulting in preferential expansion of effector memory and effector T cells. CD5 CAR T cells acquired resistance to self-killing by 3 days post-transduction and could then expand normally, up to 100,000-fold. Expansion of CD5 CAR T cells coincided with downregulation of CD5 protein from the cell surface while preserving CAR expression. CD5 CAR T cells mounted an effective anti-tumor response, selectively killing five CD5-positive T-ALL and T lymphoma cell lines in 4-hour chromium release assays while displaying no activity against CD5-negative cell lines. Upon longer-term coculture, CD5 CAR T cells eliminated >95% of leukemia cells from 3 T-ALL lines within 48h and 100% by day 7. We also observed the ability of CD5 CAR T cells to eliminate leukemia cells in sequential killing assays where we recurrently replenished fresh target cells for at least 4 iterations. Lack of functional exhaustion in sequential killing assays supports the fitness of CD5 CAR T cells for eradicating large numbers of tumor cells in vivo. CD5 CAR T cells dramatically suppressed systemic in vivo disease progression in 3 different xenograft mouse models, doubling median survival. Importantly, CD5 CAR T cells demonstrated significant cytokine production and cytotoxicity against primary T-ALL blasts (n=6), highlighting the therapeutic potential of CD5 CAR for patients with T cell malignancies. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time that CD5 CAR redirects T cells to eliminate CD5-positive malignant T cells in vitro and in vivo while producing only limited fratricide of the normal T cell population.
An Updatable Holographic Display for 3D Visualization (2008)

Among the various methods to produce three-dimensional (3D) images, holography occupies a special niche. Indeed, holograms provide highly realistic 3D images with a large viewing angle capability without the need for special eyewear. Such characteristics make them valuable tools for a wide range of applications such as medical, industrial, military, and entertainment imaging. To be suitable for an updatable holographic display, a material needs to have a high diffraction efficiency, fast writing time, hours of image persistence, capability for rapid erasure, and the potential for large display area-a combination of properties that has not been realized before.
Spatially resolved spectra from a new x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for measurements of ion and electron temperature profiles (invited) (2004)

A new type of high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer is being developed to measure ion and electron temperature profiles in tokamak plasmas. The instrument is particularly valuable for diagnosing plasmas with purely ohmic heating and rf heating, since it does not require the injection of a neutral beam—although it can also be used for the diagnosis of neutral-beam heated plasmas. The spectrometer consists of a spherically bent quartz crystal and a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. It records spectra of helium-like argon (or krypton) from multiple sightlines through the plasma and projects a de-magnified image of a large plasma cross section onto the detector. The spatial resolution in the plasma is solely determined by the height of the crystal, its radius of curvature, and the Bragg angle. This new x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer may also be of interest for the diagnosis of ion temperature profiles in future large tokamaks, the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research tokamak and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, where the application of the presently used charge-exchange spectroscopy will be difficult, if the neutral beams do not penetrate to the plasma center. The article presents the results from proof-of-principle experiments performed with a prototype instrument at Alcator C-Mod.
Purification, characterization, and biosynthesis of margatoxin, a component of Centruroides margaritatus venom that selectively inhibits voltage-dependent potassium channels. (1993)

A novel peptidyl inhibitor of K+ channels has been purified to homogeneity from venom of the new world scorpion Centruroides margaritatus. The primary structure of this 39-amino-acid peptide, which we term margatoxin (MgTX), was determined by amino acid compositional analysis and peptide sequencing. Margatoxin potently inhibits binding of radiolabeled charybdotoxin (ChTX) to voltage-activated channels in brain synaptic plasma membranes. Like ChTX, MgTX blocks the n-type current of human T-lymphocytes (Kv1.3 channel), but compared to ChTX, is 20-fold more potent (half-block at approximately 50 pM), has a slower dissociation rate, and has no effect on calcium-activated channels. To demonstrate that these characteristics are due solely to the purified toxin, recombinant MgTX was expressed in Escherichia coli as part of a fusion protein. After cleavage and folding, purified recombinant MgTX displayed the same properties as native peptide. Replacement of the COOH-terminal histidine residue of MgTX with asparagine resulted in a peptide with a 10-fold reduction in potency. This was due to a faster apparent dissociation rate, suggesting that the COOH-terminal amino acid may play an important role in the binding of MgTX to the Kv1.3 channel. MgTX displays significant sequence homology with previously identified K+ channel inhibitors (e.g. ChTX, iberiotoxin, noxiustoxin, and kaliotoxin). However, given its potency and unique selectivity, MgTX represents an especially useful tool with which to study the physiologic role of Kv1.3 channels.
Process for retarding and controlling the formation of gels or precipitates derived from aluminium and corresponding compositions (1989)

This patent describes a process for retarding and controlling the formation of gels or precipitates derived from aluminum. It comprises: providing a partially neutralized acid aluminum salt in an aqueous solution with an activator selected from urea and hexamethylene-tetramine, wherein the partially neutralized acid aluminum salt has the formula: Al{sub 2}(OH){sub 5}Cl, 2.5H{sub 2}.
A New Discrete Approach Applied to Modelling of In-flight Icing (2002)

In this paper, we propose and illustrate a new modelling approach to tackle the challenging problem of in-flight icing prediction. With this new approach, termed morphogenetic modelling, we attempt to predict the structural details of aircraft ice accretions by emulating the behaviour of individual fluid elements, including interception, surface flow, freezing, and shedding. A two-dimensional, morphogenetic model is used here to predict the ice-accretion shape and mass forming on a cylinder under rime and glaze conditions. The model takes into account the variation of local cloud-droplet collision efficiency and local heat transfer around the cylinder surface. It simulates such common icing features as horn formation, runback, and water shedding.We complement the numerical simulation with an analytical model for cylinder icing that is based on a simple form of the mass and heat conservation equations. This analytical investigation allows us to define a new dimensionless ratio, the runback factor, which is defined as the ratio of the impinging water-mass flux to the freezing-mass flux at the stagnation point. An increasing runback factor leads to a quantifiable downstream displacement of the accretion mass. We also use the analytical model to validate the morphogenetic model during the early stages of icing, and find that there is good agreement between the two models in terms of ice-accretion shape, mass, and extent. However, the advantage of the morphogenetic model over the analytical model is that it can be readily adapted to simulate ice accretions forming on objects of complex, time-varying geometry. The results of our exploratory research are encouraging, and show that morphogenetic modelling has the potential to advance the simulation of in-flight icing.
A Coarse-To-Fine Framework For Video Object Segmentation (2018)

In this study, we develop an unsupervised coarse-to-fine video analysis framework and prototype system to extract a salient object in a video sequence. This framework starts from tracking grid-sampled points along temporal frames, typically using KLT tracking method. The tracking points could be divided into several groups due to their inconsistent movements. At the same time, the SLIC algorithm is extended into 3D space to generate supervoxels. Coarse segmentation is achieved by combining the categorized tracking points and supervoxels of the corresponding frame in the video sequence. Finally, a graph-based fine segmentation algorithm is used to extract the moving object in the scene. Experimental results reveal that this method outperforms the previous approaches in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Molecular basis of the Kell (K1) phenotype (1995)

K1 (K, Kell) is a strong immunogen; its antibodies can cause severe reactions if incompatible blood is transfused and may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn in sensitized mothers. K1 is a member of the Kell blood group system, which is complex, containing over 20 different antigens. Some of the antigens are organized in allelic pairs of high and low prevalence whereas others are independently expressed. K1, which is present in 9% of the population, is antithetical to the high-prevalence K2 (k) antigen. We have determined the molecular basis of the K1/K2 polymorphism by sequencing the 19 exons of the Kell gene (KEL) of a K1/K1 person. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood and the amplified products were either directly sequenced or subcloned and sequenced. Comparisons of K1/K1 and K2/K2 DNA showed a C to T base substitution in exon 6 that predicts a threonine to methionine change at amino acid residue 193. This amino acid substitution occurs at a consensus N-glycosylation site (Asn. X. Thr) and probably prevents N-glycosylation, leading to a change in phenotype. The C to T substitution creates a Bsm I restriction enzyme site, which was tested in 42 different samples to confirm that this base change identifies the K1/K1 genotype. This test differentiates genotypes, K1/K1, K2/K2, and the K1/K2 heterozygote and should prove useful in the prenatal diagnosis of K1-related hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Dielectric Engineered Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (2015)

The dielectric engineered tunnel field-effect transistor (DE-TFET) as a high-performance steep transistor is proposed. In this device, a combination of high-k and low-k dielectrics results in a high electric field at the tunnel junction. As a result, a record ON-current of ~1000 μA/μm and a subthreshold swing (SS) below 20 mV/decade are predicted for WTe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> DE-TFET. The proposed TFET works based on a homojunction channel and electrically doped contacts both of which are immune to interface states, dopant fluctuations, and dopant states in the bandgap, which typically deteriorate the OFF-state performance and SS in the conventional TFETs.
Peracetic Acid in Low AOX and High Brightness Pulp Production. (1998)

The effects of chelating agents, peracetic acid and alkaline peroxide on the replacement of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite in D-Eo-H-D bleaching of oxygen delignified hardwood kraft pulp were studied in a laboratory scale. Since an increased use of peroxygen chemicals necessitates a use of a chelating agent, both DTPA and a new chelating agent with low nitrogen content (DEAS) were tested. Peracetic acid was used here as a bleaching agent in combination with chlorine dioxide in a D2 stage. Also the effect of peracetic acid on post-bleaching of O-D-EOP-D bleached softwood kraft pulp was studied.The bleaching experiments indicate that the importance of a chelation prior to Eo stage increases with the decreasing active chlorine charge in the D1 stage and increasing peroxide charge in the E. stage. With a sequence of Q/D-EOP-Q/D/PAA the total active chlorine charge in D-Eo-H-D dropped from 48 kg act. C1/tp to 20 kg act. C1/tp by using 10 kg H2O2/tp in the E0 stage and 5 kg peracetic acid/tp in the D2 stage. Also 8 kg hypochlorite/ tp were eliminated at the same time. The use of DEAS in the Q/D stage gave more improved pulp properties for bleached pulp than the use of DTPA correspondingly.
Effect of Temperature on NOx Reduction by Nitrogen Atom Injection (1999)

Chemical reduction of NO{sub x} can be accomplished by injection of nitrogen atoms into the diesel engine exhaust stream. The nitrogen atoms can be generated from a separate stream of pure N{sub 2} by means of plasma jets or non-thermal plasma reactors. This paper examines the effect of exhaust temperature on the NO{sub x} reduction efficiency that can be achieved by nitrogen atom injection. It is shown that to achieve a high NO{sub x} reduction efficiency at a reasonable power consumption penalty, the exhaust temperature needs to be 100 C or less.
Fabrication and Properties of Nylon-6/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites by Melt Blending (2008)

Polymer/clay nanocomposites currently attract immense interest from both research and industrial communities. By dispersing at the molecular level a tiny amount of clay within a polymeric matrix, a wide range of properties can be significantly improved. The efficiency of the clay (layered silicate) in improving the properties of the polymer materials is primarily determined by the degree of its dispersion in the polymer matrix. To promote the molecular and stable dispersion of the clay layers, the clays should be organically-modified with onium salts. In this work, nylon-6 nanocomposites based on two types of commercial organoclays were prepared by melt blending via single-screw extrusion. The good dispersion of clay in the nylon-6 nanocomposites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the dispersed nano-clay fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and nanoindentation.
Preparation of wafer-level glass cavities by a low-cost chemical foaming process (CFP) (2011)

A novel foaming process-chemical foaming process (CFP)-using foaming agents to fabricate wafer-level micro glass cavities including channels and bubbles was investigated. The process consists of the following steps sequentially: (1) shallow cavities were fabricated by a wet etching on a silicon wafer; (2) powders of a proper foaming agent were placed in a silicon cavity, named 'mother cavity', on the etched silicon surface; (3) the silicon cavities were sealed with a glass wafer by anodic bonding; (4) the bonded wafers were heated to above the softening point of the glass, and baked for several minutes, when the gas released by the decomposition of the foaming agent in the 'mother cavity' went into the other sealed interconnected silicon cavities to foam the softened glass into cylindrical channels named 'daughter channels', or spherical bubbles named 'son bubbles'. Results showed that wafer-level micro glass cavities with smooth wall surfaces were achieved successfully without contamination by the CFP. A model for the CFP was proposed to predict the final shape of the glass cavity. Experimental results corresponded with model predictions. The CFP provides a low-cost avenue to preparation of micro glass cavities of high quality for applications such as micro-reactors, micro total analysis systems (μTAS), analytical and bio-analytical applications, and MEMS packaging.
Improving Efficacy of Clinical Islet Transplantation with Iodixanol-Based Islet Purification, Thymoglobulin Induction, and Blockage of IL-1β and TNF-α (2011)

Poor efficacy is one of the issues for clinical islet transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that pancreatic ductal preservation significantly improved the success rate of islet isolation; however, two transplants were necessary to achieve insulin independence. In this study, we introduced iodixanol-based purification, thymoglobulin induction, and double blockage of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as sirolimus-free immunosuppression to improve the efficacy of clinical islet transplantation. Nine clinical-grade human pancreata were procured. Pancreatic ductal preservation was performed using ET-Kyoto solution in all cases. When the isolated islets met the clinical criteria, they were transplanted. We utilized two methods of immunosuppression and anti-inflammation. The first protocol prescribed daclizumab for induction, then sirolimus and tacrolimus to maintain immunosuppression. The second protocol used thymoglobulin for induction and tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil to maintain immunosuppression. Eternacept and anakinra were administered as anti-inflammatory drugs. The total amount of insulin required, HbA1c, and the SUITO index were determined to analyze and compare the results of transplantation. All isolated islet preparations (9/9) met the criteria for clinical transplantation, and they were transplanted into six type 1 diabetic patients. All patients achieved insulin independence with normal HbA1c levels; however, the first protocol required two islet infusions (N = 3) and the second protocol only required a single infusion (N = 3). The average SUITO index, at 1 month after a single-donor islet transplantation, was significantly higher in the second protocol (49.6 ± 8.3 vs. 19.3 ± 6.3, p < 0.05). Pancreatic ductal preservation, iodixanol-based purification combined with thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as sirolimus-free immunosuppression dramatically improved the efficacy of clinical islet transplantations. This protocol enabled us to perform successful single-donor islet transplantations. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify the mechanism of each component.
Parallel algorithms for approximation of distance maps on parametric surfaces (2008)

We present an efficient O( n ) numerical algorithm for first-order approximation of geodesic distances on geometry images, where n is the number of points on the surface. The structure of our algorithm allows efficient implementation on parallel architectures. Two implementations on a SIMD processor and on a GPU are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate up to four orders of magnitude improvement in execution time compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Engineering <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> to express secretory invertase with strong <i>FBA1<sub>IN</sub></i> promoter (2011)

Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is an important host for the production of lipid-derived compounds or heterologous proteins. Selection of strong promoters and effective expression systems is critical for heterologous protein secretion. To search for a strong promoter in Y. lipolytica, activities of FBA1, TDH1 and GPM1 promoters were compared to that of TEF1 promoter by constructing GUS reporter fusions. The FBA1 promoter activity was 2.2 and 5.5 times stronger than the TDH1 and GPM1 promoters, respectively. The FBA1IN promoter (FBA1 sequence of -826 to +169) containing an intron (+64 to +165) showed five-fold higher expression than the FBA1 promoter (-831 to -1). The transcriptional enhancement by the 5'-region within the FBA1 gene was confirmed by GPM1::FBA1 chimeric promoter construction. Using the strong FBA1IN promoter, four different S. cerevisiae SUC2 expression cassettes were tested for the SUC+ phenotype in Y. lipolytica. Functional invertase secretion was facilitated by the Xpr2 prepro-region with an additional 13 amino acids of mature Xpr2, or by the native Suc2 signal sequence. However, these two secretory signals in tandem, or the mature Suc2 with no secretory signal, did not direct secretion of functional invertase. Unlike previously reported Y. lipolytica SUC+ strains, our engineered stains secreted most of invertase into the medium.
Autoantigen Ku protein is involved in DNA binding proteins which recognize the U5 repressive element of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat (1994)

We have identified and analyzed a 27‐nucleotide sequence (U5 repressive element, designated as U5RE) at the U5 region of the human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I) long terminal repeat (LTR) which is required for HTLV‐I basal transcriptional repression. The basal promoter strength of constructs that contained deletions in the U5 region of the LTR was analyzed by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays following transfection of HeLa cells or Jurkat T‐cells in the presence or absence of viral transactivator tax protein. We consistently observed a 2‐to 5‐fold increase in basal promoter activity when sequences between +277 to +306 were deleted. In vivo competition experiments suggested that the U5 DNA fragment from +269 to +295 contains a functional repressive element (USRE). Using gel mobility shift assays, we have purified a highly enriched fraction that could specifically bind U5RE. This DNA affinity column fraction contained three major detectable proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver staining: 110‐, 80‐ and 70‐kDa proteins. The 110‐kDa protein appeared to be a novel DNA‐binding protein whose characteristics are still obscure, while the 70‐ and 80‐kDa proteins were shown to be related to the human autoantigen Ku, the Ku (p70/p80) complex, as demonstrated by amino acid sequencing and immunological analyses. As Ku is known to be involved in transcriptional regulation, the specific interaction of Ku with U5RE raises intriguing possibilities for its function in HTLV‐I basal transcriptional repression.
An Informed Parametric Spatial Filter Based on Instantaneous Direction-of-Arrival Estimates (2014)

Extracting desired source signals in noisy and reverberant environments is required in many hands-free communication systems. In practical situations, where the position and number of active sources may be unknown and time-varying, conventional implementations of spatial filters do not provide sufficiently good performance. Recently, informed spatial filters have been introduced that incorporate almost instantaneous parametric information on the sound field, thereby enabling adaptation to new acoustic conditions and moving sources. In this contribution, we propose a spatial filter which generalizes the recently proposed informed linearly constrained minimum variance filter and informed minimum mean square error filter. The proposed filter uses multiple direction-of-arrival estimates and second-order statistics of the noise and diffuse sound. To determine those statistics, an optimal diffuse power estimator is proposed that outperforms state-of-the-art estimators. Extensive performance evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed filter in dynamic acoustic conditions. For this purpose, we have considered a challenging scenario which consists of quickly moving sound sources during double-talk. The performance of the proposed spatial filter was evaluated in terms of objective measures including segmental signal-to-reverberation ratio and log spectral distance, and by means of a listening test confirming the objective results.