gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Learning Online (2008)

Learning does not take place in a vacuum. Learning takes place in any type of environment, including online. The purpose of this article is neither to solely study active learning for its own sake nor to present an analysis of active online learning. It is rather an attempt to examine the relationship between active learning online and learners’ intellectual growth and development. Towards this end, this article’s background covers active learning and learners’ intellectual growth and development. The next section is devoted to how various learning theories can make active learning occur online; hence, learners’ intellectual growth and development. The last section of the article seeks to make a summary of this article and point out some future directions for active learning online. As modern institutions launch more and more online learning programs, what concerns educators and parents is whether active learning will occur online. Unless active learning occurs online (or growth and development occur online), online learning will lose its true meaning in this knowledge society and information age we currently live in.
Cu(0) Nanoclusters Derived from Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer Complexes of Cu(II) (2001)

A family of diaminobutane core, poly(propylene imine) dendrimers coordinated to Cu(II), DAB-Am(n)-Cu(II)x (n = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, x = n/2), was studied by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies. The geometry of the dipropylene triamine (dpt)-Cu(II) end-group complexes for all dendrimer generations is reported for the first time and is found to be that of a square-based pyramid with each Cu ion bound to three nitrogen atoms (Cu-N distance approximately 2.03 A) of the dpt end group of the dendrimer. An oxygen atom residing 1.96 A from the Cu ion also occupies the equatorial plane, and the pyramid is completed by an axial oxygen at approximately 2.65 A. In addition, we report for the first time that reduction of the Cu(II)-dendrimer complexes with NaBH4 yields DAB-Am(n)-Cu(0)(cluster) species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the reduced species demonstrate that there is a systematic decrease in the size of the generated Cu clusters with increasing dendrimer generation. Additionally, it was found that the size of the nanoclusters is a function of the n/x ratio of the DAB-Am(n)-Cu(II)x precursor, with highly monodisperse, extremely small nanoclusters (r(cluster) = 8.0 +/- 1.6 A) obtained with n = 64 and x = 16. EXAFS and XANES measurements on the reduced DAB-Am(n)-Cu(0)(cluster) corroborate the TEM data, and provide additional information on the possible encapsulation of the Cu nanoclusters by the dendrimers.
Dissecting Cellular Heterogeneity Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. (2019)

Cell-to-cell variability in gene expression exists even in a homogeneous population of cells. Dissecting such cellular heterogeneity within a biological system is a prerequisite for understanding how a biological system is developed, homeo-statically regulated, and responds to external perturbations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows the quantitative and unbiased characterization of cellular heterogeneity by providing genome-wide molecular profiles from tens of thousands of individual cells. A major question in analyzing scRNA-seq data is how to account for the observed cell-to-cell variability. In this review, we provide an overview of scRNA-seq protocols, computational approaches for dissecting cellular heterogeneity, and future directions of single-cell transcriptomic analysis.
Heparin Enhances the Specificity of Antithrombin for Thrombin and Factor Xa Independent of the Reactive Center Loop Sequence (2001)

Heparin activates the primary serpin inhibitor of blood clotting proteinases, antithrombin, both by an allosteric conformational change mechanism that specifically enhances factor Xa inactivation and by a ternary complex bridging mechanism that promotes the inactivation of thrombin and other target proteinases. To determine whether the factor Xa specificity of allosterically activated antithrombin is encoded in the reactive center loop sequence, we attempted to switch this specificity by mutating the P6-P3' proteinase binding sequence excluding P1-P1' to a more optimal thrombin recognition sequence. Evaluation of 12 such antithrombin variants showed that the thrombin specificity of the serpin allosterically activated by a heparin pentasaccharide could be enhanced as much as 55-fold by changing P3, P2, and P2' residues to a consensus thrombin recognition sequence. However, at most 9-fold of the enhanced thrombin specificity was due to allosteric activation, the remainder being realized without activation. Moreover, thrombin specificity enhancements were attenuated to at most 5-fold with a bridging heparin activator. Surprisingly, none of the reactive center loop mutations greatly affected the factor Xa specificity of the unactivated serpin or the several hundred-fold enhancement in factor Xa specificity due to activation by pentasaccharide or bridging heparins. Together, these results suggest that the specificity of both native and heparin-activated antithrombin for thrombin and factor Xa is only weakly dependent on the P6-P3' residues flanking the primary P1-P1' recognition site in the serpin-reactive center loop and that heparin enhances serpin specificity for both enzymes through secondary interaction sites outside the P6-P3' region, which involve a bridging site on heparin in the case of thrombin and a previously unrecognized exosite on antithrombin in the case of factor Xa.
Network Evolution towards IP Multimedia Subsystem (2003)

An optimal deployment scenario will benefit users and operators as we move towards a new telecommunication framework for multimedia services.
Genetic recombination : reviews and protocols (2004)

Genetic recombination plays an essential role in such vitally important biological processes as DNA repair, regulation of gene expression, disease etiology, meiotic chromosome segregation, and evolution. In Genetic Recombination: Reviews and Protocols, prominent international investigators actively engaged in recombination research describe in great detail their best techniques for studying recombination. The methods range from approaches and model systems to be used in a variety of eukaryotic organisms and in a mammalian parasite, to biochemical analyses useful for furthering the understanding of recombination mechanisms. Additional techniques use recombination as a reporter of genomic instability in lower and higher eukaryotes and as a tool for producing targeted genetic modification. Each readily reproducible method includes step-by-step instructions, a background introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Genetic Recombination: Reviews and Protocols offers both novice and experienced investigators an illuminating synthesis of what we currently know about recombination, as well as a wide-ranging collection of powerful tools for elucidating its mechanisms and regulation throughout biology today
Treatment of cochlear tinnitus with transtympanic infusion of 4% lidocaine into the tympanic cavity. (2001)

Tinnitus is an otological symptom that is encountered often, yet its treatment is difficult. If tinnitus is of cochlear origin, a reasonable assumption is that a total depression of the cochlear function will abolish cochlear tinnitus. To achieve this depression, transtympanic infusion of a local anesthetic (4% lidocaine) to anesthetize the inner ear was conducted in a patient suffering from tinnitus. Transtympanic infusion of 4% lidocaine was performed as a treatment for cochlear tinnitus, and its efficacy was investigated. The overall efficacy rate for the 292 patients with 369 affected ears was 81%. In the investigation of the treatment results in cases of different underlying ear diseases, the efficacy rate was high for tinnitus accompanying sudden deafness and labyrinthine vertigo. However, vestibular symptoms, such as vertigo and nausea, developed after lidocaine infusion. No permanent side effects were noted. Lidocaine infusion is thought to be a useful treatment option for tinnitus and should be considered before surgical treatment. Inner ear anesthesia into the tympanic cavity has been carried out in patients who had cochlear tinnitus and in whom conservative methods of therapy, such as oral medication, had proved unsuccessful. This treatment method is useful as a local therapy for cochlear tinnitus.
Stable Li Metal Anode by a Hybrid Lithium Polysulfidophosphate/Polymer Cross-Linking Film (2019)

The practical application of rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries has long been hindered by the unstable Li metal anode with problems like Li dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and short cycle life. Here, we demonstrate a multifunctional sulfur-containing hybrid Li polysulfidophosphate and poly(2-chloroethyl acrylate) cross-linking film that can provide effective protection for Li metal anode. This film can facilitate Li metal anode generating a stable organic/inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer containing multiple components such as polymer-tethered organo(poly)sulfide, inorganic Li polysulfidophosphate, Li sulfides, and Li salts. Thanks to this hybrid robust SEI layer, dendrite-free Li deposition and stable cycling of Li metal anode can be achieved (e.g., CE > 98.7% over 950 cycles). We demonstrated this Li protection technique enables both the protected Li metal anode and Li-metal-free anode cycling with significantly improved CEs and stability in full cells using LiFePO4 (∼2.4 mAh/cm2) cathode.
Multiple-Weight Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have enjoyed great success in speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Many variants of RNNs have been proposed, including vanilla RNNs, LSTMs, and GRUs. However, current architectures are not particularly adept at dealing with tasks involving multi-faceted contents. In this work, we solve this problem by proposing Multiple-Weight RNNs and LSTMs, which rely on multiple weight matrices in an attempt to mimic the human ability of switching between contexts. We present a framework for adapting RNN-based models and analyze the properties of this approach. Our detailed experimental results show that our model outperforms previous work across a range of different tasks and datasets.
Tools and Techniques to assist in the analysis of requirements for Decision Support Systems (2003)

The success of a Decision Support System (DSS) can be influenced by many complex and intertwined factors which are often not clearly understood. This research investigates one such factor, that of the tools and techniques used by system analysts to assist them in the development of a successful DSS. By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques it was firstly determined what tools and techniques were used by system analysts during DSS analysis activities, and second it was determined how and why system analysts used these tools and techniques. The outcome of this research is a series of findings that would assist not only a novice, but also a more experienced, systems analyst to more effectively determine the user requirements during DSS analysis activities.
Ultra-Wide Viewing Angle Rear Projection Television Screen (1985)

Consumer based rear projection television (PTV) systems are composed of three CRTs which form the red, green and blue portions of the TV picture. Three projection lenses magnify these images and converge them into a single plane. The viewing screen is placed in this plane.
Peer advocacy in a personalized landscape (2016)

Whilst personalization offers the promise of more choice and control and wider participation in the community, the reality in the United Kingdom has been hampered by local council cuts and a decline in formal services. This has left many people with intellectual disabilities feeling dislocated from collective forms of support (Needham, 2015). What fills this gap and does peer advocacy have a role to play? Drawing on a co-researched study undertaken with and by persons with intellectual disabilities, we examined what role peer advocacy can play in a context of reduced day services, austerity and individualized support. The findings reveal that peer advocacy can help people reconnect in the face of declining services, problem-solve issues and informally learn knowledge and skills needed to participate in the community. We argue that peer advocacy thus offers a vital role in enabling people to take up many of the opportunities afforded by personalization.
Distribution of a family of<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>genes containing CCAA nucleotide repeating units (1999)

A family of genes containing lengths of CCAA nucleotide repeating units directly following the sequence encoding the leader peptide has been identified in Haemophilus influenzae. The length of the CCAA repeats ranges from 6 to 43 and all of the identified genes encode proteins or predicted proteins with a significant homology to bacterial iron- or heme-related outer membrane proteins. We have previously shown that two of these gene products, HgpA and HgpB, bind hemoglobin and the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. Studies were performed to define the species distribution of the five identified genes and the CCAA repeats. We show that both the CCAA motif and the structural genes for hemoglobin and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding are widely distributed among H. influenzae strains.
The Duration of Systole in an Electrocardiogram in Normal Humans and in Patients with Heart Disease* (2003)

All clinicians agree that patients with heart disease may have an uncertain prognosis, with the main reason due to the limited resources to analyze the functionality of the myocardium. Therefore, it is desirable to find abnormalities that are not indirect symptoms of a weakness of the vascular system, but rather, depend more directly on the work of the myocardium.
VRSTC: Occlusion-Free Video Person Re-Identification (2019)

Video person re-identification (re-ID) plays an important role in surveillance video analysis. However, the performance of video re-ID degenerates severely under partial occlusion. In this paper, we propose a novel network, called Spatio-Temporal Completion network (STCnet), to explicitly handle partial occlusion problem. Different from most previous works that discard the occluded frames, STCnet can recover the appearance of the occluded parts. For one thing, the spatial structure of a pedestrian frame can be used to predict the occluded body parts from the unoccluded body parts of this frame. For another, the temporal patterns of pedestrian sequence provide important clues to generate the contents of occluded parts. With the spatio-temporal information, STCnet can recover the appearance for the occluded parts, which could be leveraged with those unoccluded parts for more accurate video re-ID. By combining a re-ID network with STCnet, a video re-ID framework robust to partial occlusion (VRSTC) is proposed. Experiments on three challenging video re-ID databases demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Timing Predictability in Future Multi-Core Avionics Systems (2017)

With more functionality added to safety-critical avionics systems, new platforms are required to offer the computational capacity needed. Multi-core platforms offer a potential that is now being explored, but they pose significant challenges with respect to predictability due to shared resources (such as memory) being accessed from several cores in parallel. Multi-core processors also suffer from higher sensitivity to permanent and transient faults due to shrinking transistor sizes.
Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Copper Parts Fabricated via Binder Jetting (2017)

Binder Jetting, an Additive Manufacturing process that fabricates parts via selective inkjet deposition of binder into a powder bed, is capable of cost-effectively producing complex metal and ceramic components without the need for support structures or anchors. Printed green parts are then sintered for added densification and strength. However, printed parts typically contain porosity due to the use of coarse powders and a loosely packed powder bed. While researchers have investigated many techniques (e.g., process parameter and powder morphology optimization) for achieving full theoretical density in binder jetted parts, 100% density is difficult to achieve without infiltration of a secondary lower melting point material. In this work, the authors investigate the use of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) as a post-process heat treatment of sintered parts to evaluate its effect on density, porosity, and shrinkage of parts printed in Binder Jetting. The authors conduct this investigation in the context of copper. It is demonstrated that the use of HIP can improve the final part density from 92% (following sintering) to 99.7% of theoretical density.
Isotope labeling strategies for NMR studies of RNA (2009)

The known biological functions of RNA have expanded in recent years and now include gene regulation, maintenance of sub-cellular structure, and catalysis, in addition to propagation of genetic information. As for proteins, RNA function is tightly correlated with structure. Unlike proteins, structural information for larger, biologically functional RNAs is relatively limited. NMR signal degeneracy, relaxation problems, and a paucity of long-range 1H–1H dipolar contacts have limited the utility of traditional NMR approaches. Selective isotope labeling, including nucleotide-specific and segmental labeling strategies, may provide the best opportunities for obtaining structural information by NMR. Here we review methods that have been developed for preparing and purifying isotopically labeled RNAs, as well as NMR strategies that have been employed for signal assignment and structure determination.
Experimental and analytical study of ultrasonic micro powder feeding (2003)

Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to understand an ultrasonic micro dry powder feeding mechanism. The ultrasonic micro feeding system was used to deliver ultra-fine dry powders through capillary tubes with an inner diameter of 125 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The powder flow rates were measured and various powders were discharged continuously at a flow rate as low as 10 μg s−1. The powder packing inside the capillary tube was densified by the ultrasonic waves since the powder density at the feeding tip was much higher than that in the hopper. Acoustic streaming and friction driving might be the driving forces for the powder feeding through the micro capillary tubes. Further theoretical study will be needed to fully understand the behaviour of this feeding mechanism. It was also found that thermal effects in the lead zirconate titanate plate influenced the performance of powder feeding significantly. With this system, micro dry powder patterns can be deposited directly and precisely on substrates.
Recommender System for Personalised Wellness Therapy (2013)

rising costs and risks in health care have shifted the preference of individuals from health treatment to disease prevention. This prevention treatment is known as wellness. In recent years, the Internet has become a popular place for wellness-conscious users to search for wellness-related information and solutions. As the user community becomes more wellness conscious, service improvement is needed to help users find relevant personalised wellness solutions. Due to rapid development in the wellness market, users value convenient access to wellness services. Most wellness websites reflect common health informatics approaches; these amount to more than 70,000 sites worldwide. Thus, the wellness industry should improve its Internet services in order to provide better and more convenient customer service. This paper discusses the development of a wellness recommender system that would help users find and adapt suitable personalised wellness therapy treatments based on their individual needs. This paper introduces new approaches that enhance the convenience and quality of wellness information delivery on the Internet. The wellness recommendation task is performed using an Artificial Intelligence technique of hybrid case-based reasoning (HCBR). HCBR solves users’ current wellness problems by applying solutions from similar cases in the past. From the evaluation results for our prototype wellness recommendation system, we conclude that wellness consultants are using consistent wellness knowledge to recommend solutions for sample wellness cases generated through an online consultation form. Thus, the proposed model can be integrated into wellness websites to enable users to search for suitable personalized wellness therapy treatment based on their health condition.
DYADIC COMMUNICATION (1979)

MARY C. ALMORE, PH.D.,An associate professor of urban affairs, Institute of Urban Studies, University of Texas, Arlington
POIROT: a logic fault diagnosis tool and its applications (2002)

Logic fault diagnosis or fault isolation is the process of analyzing the failing logic portions of an integrated circuit to isolate the cause of failure. Fault diagnosis plays an important role in multiple applications at different stages of design and manufacturing. A logic diagnosis tool with applicability to a spectrum of logic DFT, ATPG and test strategies including full/almost fullscan circuits with combinational ATPG, partial-scan and non-scan circuits with sequential ATPG and to functional patterns in general is presented. Novel features incorporated into the tool include static and dynamic structural processing for partial-scan circuits, windowed fault simulation, and diagnostic models for open defects and cover algorithms for multiple fault diagnosis. Experimental results include simulation results on processor functional blocks and silicon results on chipsets and processors from artificially induced defects and production fallout.
Studies on the constituents of aceraceae plants. II. Structure of aceroside I, a glucoside of a novel cyclic diarylheptanoid from Acer nikoense Maxim. (1978)

The structure of aceroside I, C25H32O8, mp 170-171°(acetone), [α]20D-7.7°, which was isolated from the stem bark of Acer nikoense MAXIM. (Aceraceae), was established to be acerogenin A β-D-glucopyranoside represented by formula 1. Acerogenin A, C19H22O3, mp 151-152°, [α]20D+57.3°, was concluded to be a m-, p'-bridged diphenyl ether type diarylheptanoid (2) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic (especially NMR) evidences. The stereostructure of 2 was determined by derivation of acerogenin A (2) into (S)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(p-methoxyphenyl)-heptan-3-ol. Acerogenin A (2) is the first example of a novel type of diarylheptanoid-20-oxa-[7, 1]-metapara-cyclophane.
Fair allocation of indivisible goods and chores (2021)

We consider the problem of fairly dividing a set of indivisible items. Much of the fair division literature assumes that the items are “goods” that yield positive utility for the agents. There is also some work in which the items are “chores” that yield negative utility for the agents. In this paper, we consider a more general scenario in which an agent may have positive or negative utility for each item. This framework captures, e.g., fair task assignment, where agents can experience both positive and negative utility for each task. We demonstrate that whereas some of the positive axiomatic and computational results extend to this more general setting, others do not. We present several new and efficient algorithms for finding fair allocations in this general setting. We also point out several gaps in the literature regarding the existence of allocations that satisfy certain fairness and efficiency properties and examine the complexity of computing such allocations.