gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A rectangular-fit classifier for synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (2007)

The utility of a rectangular-fit classifier for Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition (SAR ATR) is examined. The target is fitted with and modeled as a rectangle that can best approximate its boundary. The rectangular fit procedure involves 1) a preprocessing phase to remove the background clutter and noise, 2) a pose detection phase to establish the alignment of the rectangle via a least squares straight line fitting algorithm, and 3) size determination phase via stretching the width and the height dimensions of the rectangle in order to encapsulate a pre-specified, e.g., 90%, of the points in the target. A training set composed of approximately half the total images in the MSTAR public imagery database are used to obtain and record the statistical variations in the width and height of the resulting rectangles for each potential target. The remaining half of the images is then used to assess the performance of this classifier. Preliminary results using minimum Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance classifiers show overall accuracies of 44% and 42%, respectively. Although the classification accuracy is relatively low, this technique can be successfully used <i>in combination</i> with other classifiers such as peaks, edges, corners, and shadow-based classifiers to enhance their performances. A unique feature of the rectangular fit classifier is that it is rotation invariant in its present form. However, observation of the dataset reveals that in general the shapes of the targets in SAR imagery are not fully rotation invariant. Thus, the classification accuracy is expected to improve considerably using multiple training sets, i.e., one training set generated and used for each possible pose. The tradeoff is the increased computation complexity which tends to be offset by ever increasing efficiency and speed of the processing hardware and software. The rectangular fit classifier can also be used as a pose detection routine and/or in conjunction with other ATR schemes, such as shadow-based ATR, that require an initial pose detection phase prior to matching.
Isolation and characterization of 14 additional genes specifying the anaerobic biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in Propionibacterium freudenreichii (P. shermanii) The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AY033235, AY033236, U13043 and U51164. (2002)

A search for genes encoding enzymes involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) production in the commercially important organism Propionibacterium freudenreichii (P. shermanii) has resulted in the isolation of an additional 14 genes encoding enzymes responsible for 17 steps of the anaerobic B12 pathway in this organism. All of the genes believed to be necessary for the biosynthesis of adenosylcobinamide from uroporphyrinogen III have now been isolated except two (cbiA and an as yet unidentified gene encoding cobalt reductase). Most of the genes are contained in two divergent operons, one of which, in turn, is closely linked to the operon encoding the B12-dependent enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. The close linkage of the three genes encoding the subunits of transcarboxylase to the hemYHBXRL gene cluster is reported. The functions of the P. freudenreichii B12 pathway genes are discussed, and a mechanism for the regulation of cobalamin and propionic acid production by oxygen in this organism is proposed.
A Modular End-to-End Framework for Secure Firmware Updates on Embedded Systems (2021)

Firmware refers to device read-only resident code which includes microcode and macro-instruction-level routines. For Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices without an operating system, firmware includes all the necessary instructions on how such embedded systems operate and communicate. Thus, firmware updates are essential parts of device functionality. They provide the ability to patch vulnerabilities, address operational issues, and improve device reliability and performance during the lifetime of the system. This process, however, is often exploited by attackers in order to inject malicious firmware code into the embedded device. In this article, we present a framework for secure firmware updates on embedded systems. This approach is based on hardware primitives and cryptographic modules, and it can be deployed in environments where communication channels might be insecure. The implementation of the framework is flexible, as it can be adapted in regards to the IoT device’s available hardware resources and constraints. Our security analysis shows that our framework is resilient to a variety of attack vectors. The experimental setup demonstrates the feasibility of the approach. By implementing a variety of test cases on FPGA, we demonstrate the adaptability and performance of the framework. Experiments indicate that the update procedure for a 1183-kB firmware image could be achieved, in a secure manner, under 1.73 seconds.
The discovery of SYP‐10913 and SYP‐11277: novel strobilurin acaricides (2011)

Two compounds of particular interest, 6j (SYP-10913) and 6k (SYP-11277), exhibited potent acaricidal activity. The acaricidal potencies of these analogues are higher than that of fluacrypyrim in greenhouse applications, and are comparable with those of commercial acaricides such as spirodiclofen and propargite in field trials.
Production of Biosurfactant Lipopeptides Iturin A, Fengycin and Surfactin A from Bacillus subtilis CMB32 for Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (2010)

A bacterial strain isolated from soil for its potential to control the anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified as a Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis CMB32 produced antifungal agents on M9 broth at 30degreesC. Biosurfactant lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis CMB32 were precipitated by adjusting to pH 2 and extracting using chloroform/methanol, and then were purified using column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Molecular masses of the lipopeptides were estimated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as (a) 1080, (b) 1486, and (c) 1044 Da, respectively. They had cyclic structures and amino acid compositions of (a) Pro, Asx, Ser, Tyr, Glx, (b) Glx, Tyr, Thr, Ala, Pro, Ile, and (c) Glx, Leu, Val, Asx, respectively. Further analysis revealed that Bacillus subtilis CMB32 produced three antifungal lipopeptides: (a) iturin A, (b) fengycin, and (c) surfactin A.
The Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa : original research (2015)

Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om die Chinese huiskerkbeweging in Suid-Afrika by wyse van akademiese ondersoek aan die orde te stel en 'n inleidende bespreking te bied van hierdie belangrike gebeurtenis in sendingwetenskap. Hierdie navorsing behels van die heel eerste beskrywings en navorsing oor hierdie haas onbekende verskynsel. Die bespreking geskied aan die hand van Alan Hirsch se konsep van apostoliese impak en die sogenaamde 'Jesus People'-beweging, toegepas op Chinese huiskerke in China en Suid-Afrika. Die navorsing skets 'n kort oorsig oor die kerk in China om sodoende konteks te skep vir die gebeure in Suid-Afrika. Die inleidende bespreking van die Chinese huiskerke geskied aan die hand van 'deelnemende waarneming'. Die navorsing vervolg met voorstelle vir die verdere ontwikkeling van die huiskerke in Suid-Afrika.
The purpose of the research is to provide an academic introduction to the Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa, and to give a brief description of the importance of this new missiological event - for, even though the presence of these churches is well known, little is known about the churches themselves. This research represents some of the very first explorations and missiological reflections on this phenomenon in South Africa. Therefore, in this article Alan Hirsch's idea of 'apostolic genius' and its connection to 'Jesus People' Movements and their impact is explored within the context of the Chinese church, both in mainland China and in South Africa. A brief history of the church in China is provided as background and context for an exploration of the Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa - through 'participant observation'. Consequently, suggestions are made as to ways in which one can more effectively assist already existing Chinese house churches, as well as with the establishment of more Chinese house churches. As this is a previously mostly 'unknown' and/or closed-off community, the research undertaken in this article is of great importance as an initial exploration and missiological reflection on this phenomenon.
On the shape of a set of points in the plane (1983)

A generalization of the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane is introduced and analyzed. This generalization leads to a family of straight-line graphs, " <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha</tex> -shapes," which seem to capture the intuitive notions of "fine shape" and "crude shape" of point sets. It is shown that a-shapes are subgraphs of the closest point or furthest point Delaunay triangulation. Relying on this result an optimal <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(n \log n)</tex> algorithm that constructs <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha</tex> -shapes is developed.
The role of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein in inhibition of host-directed gene expression is genetically separable from its function in virus assembly (1993)

Recently, the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix (M) protein has been shown to be capable of inhibition of host cell-directed transcription in the absence of other viral components (B. L. Black and D. S. Lyles, J. Virol. 66:4058-4064, 1992). M protein is a major structural protein that is known to play a critical role in virus assembly by binding the helical ribonucleoprotein core of the virus to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell plasma membrane during budding. In this study, two M protein mutants were tested to determine whether the inhibition of host transcription by M protein is an indirect effect of its function in virus assembly or whether it represents an independent function of M protein. The mutant M protein of the conditionally temperature-sensitive (ts) vesicular stomatitis virus mutant, tsO82, was found to be defective in its ability to inhibit host-directed gene expression, as shown by its inability to inhibit expression of a cotransfected target gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The ability of the tsO82 M protein to function in virus assembly was similar to that of wild-type M protein, as shown by its ability to complement the group III ts M protein mutant, tsO23. Another mutant, MN1, which lacks amino acids 4 to 21 of M protein demonstrated that the abilities of M protein to inhibit chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression and to localize to the nucleus were unaffected by deletion of this lysine-rich amino-terminal region but that the ability to function in virus assembly was ablated. Thus, the two M protein mutants examined in this study exhibited complementary phenotypes: tsO82 M protein functioned in virus assembly but was defective in inhibition of host-directed gene expression, while MN1 M protein functioned in inhibiting gene expression but was unable to function in virus assembly. These data demonstrate that the role of M protein in inhibition of host transcription can be separated genetically from its role in virus assembly.
Synthesis and characterization of a nanophase zirconium powder (2003)

The reaction of ZrI4 with LiH in diethyl ether at ambient temperature produced an initial mixture of nanophase zirconium powder and LiI. After removal of most of the LiI by washing with ether, the remaining powder was annealed at 527 °C, 600 °C, and 650 °C. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the annealed samples were consistent with the presence of Zr3O and ZrC. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that most of the sample annealed at 650 °C consisted of 6.3 nm particles, although some platelets as large as 100 nm across were present. The zirconium suboxide Zr3O was identified from lattice spacings and ZrC from electron diffraction. In combination with results from elemental analyses, it is concluded that the annealed sample contained 18 wt% ZrC, 44 wt% Zr3O, 9 wt% of a zirconium iodide, and 28 wt% Zr.
Configuration of an X-band FMCW radar targeted for drone detection (2017)

This paper discusses the detection of drone with Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Radar system. The system employs 11GHz to 11.15GHz frequency bandwidth to generate sawtooth linear wave through bistatic antennas with the gain of 33.7dBi, and the output transmitter power is 35dBm. Metal baffles were placed between and each side of the antennas to minimize the direct path interference. The system also includes digital down converter to obtain IQ signal with minimum mismatch. In the actual performance measurement, the drone signal was detected up to more than 500m distance in real-time with the error of less than 0.1%. The data has been saved as bin file and then later processed with MATLAB.
Estimating and simulating Poisson processes having trends or multiple periodicities (1997)

We develop and evaluate procedures for estimating and simulating nonhomogeneous Poisson processes having an exponential rate function, where the exponent may include a polynomial component or some trigonometric components or both. Maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown continuous parameters of the rate function are obtained numerically, and the degree of the polynomial rate component is determined by a likelihood ratio test. The experimental performance evaluation for this estimation procedure involves applying the procedure to 100 independent replications of nine selected point processes that possess up to four trigonometric rate components together with a polynomial rate component whose degree ranges from zero to three. On each replication of each process, the fitting procedure is applied to estimate the parameters of the process; and then the corresponding estimates of the rate and mean-value functions are computed over the observation interval. Evaluation of the fitting procedure is based on plotted tolerance bands for the rate and mean-value functions together with summary statistics for the maximum and average absolute estimation errors in these functions computed over the observation interval. The experimental results provide substantial evidence of the numerical stability and usefulness of the fitting procedure in simulation applications.
Big Data Processing and Analytics Platform Architecture for Process Industry Factories (2018)

This paper describes the architecture of a cross-sectorial Big Data platform for the process industry domain. The main objective was to design a scalable analytical platform that will support the collection, storage and processing of data from multiple industry domains. Such a platform should be able to connect to the existing environment in the plant and use the data gathered to build predictive functions to optimize the production processes. The analytical platform will contain a development environment with which to build these functions, and a simulation environment to evaluate the models. The platform will be shared among multiple sites from different industry sectors. Cross-sectorial sharing will enable the transfer of knowledge across different domains. During the development, we adopted a user-centered approach to gather requirements from different stakeholders which were used to design architectural models from different viewpoints, from contextual to deployment. The deployed architecture was tested in two process industry domains, one from the aluminium production and the other from the plastic molding industry.
Junction delineation of 0.15 μm MOS devices using scanning capacitance microscopy (2002)

With the increased scaling down of MOSFET dimensions, delineation of the p-n junction becomes increasingly important. We have studied cross-sectioned 0.15 micron process MOSFETs using a newly developed technique, scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), and report the first direct measurement of the channel length for these state-of-the-art devices. Using a device simulator we have quantitatively established the connection between the dopant profile and the SCM response while scanning across a p-n junction. This allows us to determine the position of the p-n junction from the SCM measurements.
MULTIPLICATIVE UPDATES AND JOINT DIAGONALIZATION BASED ACCELERATION FOR UNDER-DETERMINED BSS USING A FULL-RANK SPATIAL COVARIANCE MODEL (2018)

Here we introduce multiplicative update rules for full-rank spatial covariance analysis (FCA), a blind source separation (BSS) method proposed by Duong et al. ["Under-determined reverberant audio source separation using a full-rank spatial covariance model," IEEE Trans. ASLP, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1830-1840, Sept. 2010]. In the FCA, source separation is performed by multichannel Wiener filtering with the covariance matrix of each source signal estimated by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. A drawback of this EM algorithm is that it does not necessarily yield good covariance matrix estimates within a feasible number of iterations. In contrast, the proposed multiplicative update rules tend to give covariance matrix estimates that result in better source separation performance than the EM algorithm. Furthermore, we propose joint diagonalization based acceleration of the multiplicative update rules, which leads to signifi-cantly reduced computation time per iteration. In a BSS experiment, the proposed multiplicative update rules resulted in higher source separation performance than the conventional EM algorithm overall. Moreover, the joint diagonalization based accelerated algorithm was up to 200 times faster than the algorithm without acceleration, which is realized without much degradation in the source separation performance.
Inside the ice shelf: using augmented reality to visualise 3D lidar and radar data of Antarctica (2019)

Abstract From 2015 to 2017, the ROSETTA ‐Ice project comprehensively mapped Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf using IcePod, a newly developed aerogeophysical platform. The campaign imaged the ice‐shelf surface with lidar and its internal structure with ice‐penetrating radar. The ROSETTA ‐Ice data was combined with pre‐existing ice surface and bed topography digital elevation models to create the first augmented reality ( AR ) visualisation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, using the Microsoft HoloLens. The ROSETTA ‐Ice datasets support cross‐disciplinary science that aims to understand 4D processes, namely the change of 3D ice‐shelf structures over time. The work presented here uses AR to visualise this dataset in 3D and highlights how AR can be simultaneously a useful research tool for interdisciplinary geoscience as well as an effective device for science communication education.
Modified SMI techniques for frequency selective channels in OFDM (2003)

The sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm has been widely applied in the filed of adaptive antenna arrays. However, in time division multiple access (TDMA) systems with known data sequences, a low cost solution would imply the computation of the beamformer based exclusively on this data. In some cases, this might not be possible since the known data could not be sufficient to get a stable estimate of both the sample covariance matrix and the steering vector needed for the SMI spatial filter. In this paper, windowing techniques are applied in order to calculate a beamformer per subcarrier for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with very limited known training. This approach is compared to the subcarrier grouping approach, and the presented results show that the former method provides a further performance gain, even in channels with high delay spread.
Inflammation and Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

The mechanisms that drive TBI lesion development as well as those that promote repair are exceedingly complex and often superimposed. Because pathogenic mechanisms can diversify over time or even differ based on the injury type, it is important that neuroprotective therapeutics be developed and administered with these variables in mind. Due to its complexity, TBI has proven particularly challenging to treat; however, a number of promising therapeutic approaches are now under pre-clinical development, and recent clinical trials have even yielded a few successes. Given the worldwide impact of TBI on the human population, it is imperative that research remains active in this area and that we continue to develop therapeutics to improve outcome in afflicted patients.
EMG-based motion intention detection for control of a shoulder neuroprosthesis (2002)

A method for predicting shoulder and motions from electromyograms (EMGs) from shoulder muscles using a time-delayed artificial neural network (TDANN) is described. The chosen network was found to be capable of characterizing the nonlinear and dynamic relationship between the EMG signals recorded from 6 shoulder muscles and the resulting shoulder and elbow motions in 5 able-bodied subjects. Preliminary work in one individual with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury indicate that the same TDANN structure (although with a different set of muscle EMGs) will be also be sufficient to detect these motions in this population. This ability to detect shoulder and elbow motions would allow neuroprostheses based on functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) to appropriately vary stimulation patterns in a very natural manner for different tasks.
ESTERIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND MONO ACIDS USING TRIPHOSGENE (2001)

Alkyl esters of several amino acids and acids were prepared using triphosgene [t richloromethyl carbonate, TPA (2)].
Anabolic Factors and Myokines Improve Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Skeletal Muscle Cells (2022)

Skeletal muscle weakness is linked to many adverse health outcomes. Current research to identify new drugs has often been inconclusive due to lack of adequate cellular models. We previously developed a scalable monolayer system to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into mature skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) within 26 days without cell sorting or genetic manipulation. Here, building on our previous work, we show that differentiation and fusion of myotubes can be further enhanced using the anabolic factors testosterone (T) and follistatin (F) in combination with a cocktail of myokines (C). Importantly, combined TFC treatment significantly enhanced both the hESC-SkMC fusion index and the expression levels of various skeletal muscle markers, including the motor protein myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed oxidative phosphorylation as the most up-regulated pathway, and a significantly higher level of ATP and increased mitochondrial mass were also observed in TFC-treated hESC-SkMCs, suggesting enhanced energy metabolism is coupled with improved muscle differentiation. This cellular model will be a powerful tool for studying in vitro myogenesis and for drug discovery pertaining to further enhancing muscle development or treating muscle diseases.
Improvement of Sidewall Roughness of Submicron SOI Waveguides by Hydrogen Plasma and Annealing (2018)

We report the successful fabrication of low-loss submicrometric silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides for on-chip links. Postlithography treatment and postetching hydrogen annealing have been used to smoothen the waveguide sidewalls, as roughness is the major source of transmission losses. An extremely low silicon line-edge roughness of 0.75 nm is obtained with the optimized process flow. As a result, record-low optical losses of less than 0.5 dB/cm are measured at 1310 nm for strip waveguide dimensions exceeding 500 nm. They range from 1.2 to 0.8 dB/cm for 300-400-nm-wide waveguides. Those results are to our knowledge the best ever published for a 1310-nm wavelength. These results are compared to modeling based on Payne and Lacey equations.