gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency watermarking for OFDM wireless networks (2004)

In this work, we apply watermarking to the physical layer of the wireless baseband modulation waveform, with the motivation to improve flexibility and efficiency of authentication processes in a secure wireless network. We present two baseband watermarking methods, called constellation dithering (CD) and baud dithering (BD), applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We provide the watermark detection and capacity performance attributes in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Both watermarking techniques allow interoperability with uninformed systems (such as receivers in the 802.11 WLAN commercial standard). Results indicate that, while the BD method provides higher detection robustness and capacity, the CD method exhibits more performance flexibility and is easily modified to the desired user characteristics.
Metric Sexual Dimorphism in Permanent Canines (2011)

The degree of sexual dimorphism of permanent human canines in cervical buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters was investigated through discriminant analyses.Measurements were recorded in 254 canines from 85 individuals in four populations and sex was estimated with multifactorial morphological methods.Age was similar assessed in order to rule it out as a factor.Tooth and body size were controlled for in three of the populations (56 individuals) by the greatest buccolingual diameter of the right first molar of the corresponding jaw and the coronal diameter of the right femoral head, respectively.Age and tooth and body size were statistically insignificant factor2s (p > 0.05).Inter-observer error varied from 0.04 to 0.17 mm or 0.7-3.0%and was largely insignificant.Student's ttests found jaw was significant (p<0.05)but side was not (p>0.05)so measurements for both sides were averaged to increase the sample size.Sexual dimorphism was statistically insignificant for all four diameters individually or grouped with the exception of mandibular buccolingual width.Accuracy values ranged from 49-73% which, adjusted for a generous error margin from sexing techniques, became 39-58%.These results indicate that the landmarks, assemblages, or both do not exhibit significant sexual dimorphism.Future work should consider similar populations with different landmarks and/or the same landmarks on a different assemblage, preferably one of known sex.
Joint inversion of transient-pressure and time-lapse electromagnetic logging measurements (2004)

We develop a novel algorithm for the integrated petrophysical evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations using dual-physics measurement data. Specific data sets used in this paper are (a) time-lapse electromagnetic (EM) measurements acquired with an array induction logging tool, and (b) transient-pressure measurements acquired with a multi-probe wireline formation tester in a vertical borehole. Dynamic behavior of saturation and salt concentration distributions due to mud-filtrate invasion creates a two-phase three-component flow system. In this work, the inverse problem associated with dual-physics wireline measurements consists of the estimation of a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric petrophysical model described by the layered parametric spatial distribution of both vertical and horizontal absolute permeabilities and porosities. We pose the inverse problem of estimating layer petrophysical parameters from discrete time-lapse EM induction and transient-pressure measurements as an optimization problem. A weighted least-squares constrained optimization method is employed to solve the inverse problem. Tool responses within the framework of the iterative inversion scheme are numerically computed via simulating dynamic physics of two-phase three-component flow that takes place during mud-filtrate invasion and subsequent formation testing. Time-lapse EM induction measurements are simulated in a coupled mode to the fluid flow. A conductive annulus is observed in all cases. Numerical examples have shown that the benefit of the joint inversion algorithm described in this paper is in the reduction of the nonuniqueness associated with the estimation process by simultaneously honoring two sets of complementary measurements that contain independent information about the underlying model.
Review of methods for resolving multi-path interference in Time-of-Flight range cameras (2014)

Time-of-Flight range cameras measure the distance from the camera to the objects in the field of view. This is achieved by illuminating the scene with amplitude modulated light and measuring the phase change in the modulation envelope between the transmitted and received light, simultaneously for each pixel. A major cause of accuracy errors are multiple propagation paths between the light source and pixel. This error is highly scene dependent and can be substantial. In this paper we review the state of art in multi-path interference correction. Two mathematical models dominate the literature, a sparse formulation from discrete paths and a lambertian inter-reflection model. The recovery methods for the sparse formulation are effective at looking through a translucent sheet, while lambertian model based techniques can reduce the errors due to inter-reflections in a corner.
Comparison of the aerobic biodegradation of biopolymers and the corresponding bioplastics: A review (2020)

Biodegradable plastics made from biopolymers (made in nature) or from bio-based polymers (made in a factory) are becoming increasingly important in replacing the massive amounts of conventional, non-degradable fossil-based plastics that have been produced and disposed over the past decades. In this review we compare the biodegradation rates and mechanisms of the bioplastics thermoplastic starch, cellulose acetate and lignin based bioplastics with the biodegradation rates and mechanisms of starch, cellulose and lignin, which are the unmodified biopolymers from which these bioplastics are produced. With this comparison we aim to determine to what extent the extensive knowledge on unmodified biopolymer biodegradation can be applied to the biodegradation of bioplastics (modified biopolymers) in the terrestrial environment. This knowledge is important, since it can be of great help in giving direction to the future research and development of bioplastics and for the development of bioplastic waste assessments and policies. We found that the similarities and differences in biodegradation are dependent on the structural changes imposed on a biopolymer during the bioplastic production process. A change in higher level structure, as found in thermoplastic starch, only resulted in a limited number of differences in the biodegradation process. However, when the chemical structure of a polymer is changed, as for cellulose acetate, different microorganisms and enzymes are involved in the biodegradation. Based on the cellulose acetate biodegradation process, a conceptual model was proposed that can be used as a starting point in predicting biodegradation rates of other chemically modified biopolymers used as bioplastics. Future bioplastic biodegradation research should focus on conducting long-term field experiments, since most studies are conducted in a laboratory setting and do not capture all processes occurring in the field situation. This applies even more to lignin based bioplastics, since very little experimental data were available on modified lignin biopolymer biodegradation.
Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the cDNA for the common α-subunit of the ovine pitultary glycoprotein hormones (1989)

Journal Article Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the cDNA for the common α-subunit of the ovine pitultary glycoprotein hormones Get access Paul A. Bello, Paul A. Bello Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, The Univerisity of MelbourneParkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter S. Mountford, Peter S. Mountford Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, The Univerisity of MelbourneParkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm R. Brandon, Malcolm R. Brandon Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, The Univerisity of MelbourneParkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy E. Adams Timothy E. Adams Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, The Univerisity of MelbourneParkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 24, 25 December 1989, Page 10494, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.24.10494 Published: 25 December 1989 Article history Received: 14 November 1989 Published: 25 December 1989
Smart Roads for Autonomous Accident Detection and Warnings (2022)

An increasing number of vehicles on the roads increases the risk of accidents. In bad weather (e.g., heavy rainfall, strong winds, storms, and fog), this risk almost doubles due to bad visibility as well as road conditions. If an accident happens, especially in bad weather, it is important to inform approaching vehicles about it. Otherwise, there might be another accident, i.e., a multiple-vehicle collision (MVC). If the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is not informed in a timely fashion about the incident, fatalities might increase because they do not receive immediate first aid. Detecting humans or animals would undoubtedly provide us with a better answer for reducing human fatalities in traffic accidents. In this research, an accident alert light and sound (AALS) system is proposed for auto accident detection and alerts with all types of vehicles. No changes are required in non-equipped vehicles (nEVs) and EVs because the system is installed on the roadside. The idea behind this research is to make smart roads (SRs) instead of equipping each vehicle with a separate system. Wireless communication is needed only when an accident is detected. This study is based on different sensors that are used to build SRs to detect accidents. Pre-saved locations are used to reduce the time needed to find the accident's location without the help of a global positioning system (GPS). Additionally, the proposed framework for the AALS also reduces the risk of MVCs.
The Relationship between Anger and Depression level in Hwa-byung Patients (2002)

Purpose : The purpose of study was to extend the understanding and knowledge of hwa-byung by identify the relationship between anger and depression level in hwa-byung patients. Method : The subjects in this study were 69 hwa-byung patients who hwa-byung clinic in oriental hospital. The data were collected through the personal interviews with questionnaires and the period for data collection was from March. to June. 2001. The tools of the measurement were the anger scale that developed by Spielberg and translated by June, et al. The tools of the measurement were the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) that developed by Radloff and translated by Shin. The data was analyzed by the SPSS computer program that included the descriptive statistics, -test, t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation. Result : 1. The mean score for anger was 17.4, 24.9, and the mean score of depression was 20.3. 2. There was the significant difference in the score for anger according to the age(t=7.02, p=.000), the marital status(t=3.34, p=.001), the average monthly income(t=5.48, p=.000), the occupation (t=2.18, p=.031). 3. There was the significant difference in the score for depression according to the age(t=3.58, p=.016), education(t=6.35, p=.002), the average monthly income(t=11.37, p=.000), 4. Anger in Hwa-byung patients showed significant correlation with depression level(r=.405, p=.000). Conclusion : From this study, a relationship between anger and depression in hwa-byung patients was identified. Therefore, nursing interventions are needed to assessment anger and depression level with hwa-byung patients.
Modeling and CAD of an Ultra-Broadband Monolithic 5-bit Digital Attenuator (1988)

The modeling techniques, computer-aided design (CAD) approach, and measured performance of an ultra-broadband (DC-14 GHz) monolithic 5-bit digital attenuator are presented. The two attenuator chips, with total dimensions of 1.3 × 2.7 mm, consume no DC power and provide 15.5 dB of dynamic range with 0.5-dB step resolution and excellent phase tracking. The design is based on passive field-effect transistor (FET) parameters derived from a dual-energy ion-implantation profile and FET geometries. The FET equivalent circuit element values are modeled as a function of recess depth for process monitoring and control. Good agreement is obtained between measured and modeled results.
Altered Expression Levels and Impaired Steps in the Pathway to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation via Insulin Receptor Substrates 1 and 2 in Zucker Fatty Rats (1998)

To elucidate the mechanism of obesity-related insulin resistance, we investigated the impaired steps in the processes of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activation through binding with insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) in liver and muscle of Zucker fatty rats. The expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 were shown to be downregulated in both liver and muscle in fatty rats (hepatic IRS-1, 83%; hepatic IRS-2, 45%; muscle IRS-1, 60%; muscle IRS-2, 78%), resulting in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation. Despite the decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of hepatic IRS-1 and IRS-2 being mild to moderate, associated PI 3-kinase activities were dramatically decreased in fatty rats (IRS-1, 14%; IRS-2, 10%), which may suggest alteration in the sites of phosphorylated tyrosine residues of hepatic IRS-1 and IRS-2. In addition, we demonstrated that the expressions of p85alpha and p55alpha regulatory subunits of PI 3-kinase were reduced (p85alpha, 67%; p55alpha, 54%), and that the p50alpha regulatory subunit was markedly upregulated (176%) in the livers of fatty rats without apparent alterations in expressions of the catalytic subunits p110alpha and p110beta. These alterations may reflect the obesity-related insulin resistance commonly observed in human NIDDM.
Försämrad hjärtfunktion efter fyra veckors intag av lågkolhydrat/högfettkost hos möss : Kan vi lära av translationell forskning? (2017)

Forsamrad hjartfunktion efter fyra veckors intag av lagkolhydrat/hogfettkost hos moss : Kan vi lara av translationell forskning?
The Korean Wave (2016)

This chapter considers the Korean Wave popular culture in the global Internet age and addresses the sociocultural and political implications in their complexity and paradox within the context of global inequalities and uneven power structures. In the contemporary Western/European debate of transnational mobility, cosmopolitanism has become the privileged, prime term of analysis for characterizing qualities in people on the move and their identities. The extent of the Korean Wave overseas, including popular TV drama, has left observers in a state of surprise and puzzlement, searching for answers to explain the sudden interest in Korean popular culture. The rise of female individualization in urban Asia, albeit complex and often contradictory, has been reflected in, and enabled by, the gendered socioeconomic change – higher levels of educational attainment than ever before, labor market participation, feminization of migration, delayed marriage and non-marriage, declining fertility, increasing divorce rates and family break-down.
Stereospecific conversion of prostaglandin D2 to (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9 alpha-11 beta,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2) and of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha by bovine lung prostaglandin F synthase. (1986)

A prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase was recently purified from bovine lung that catalyzed the reduction of both PGH2 and PGD2 but at different active sites on the enzyme. In view of the recent finding that PGD2 is stereospecifically reduced to a unique biologically active compound, (5Z, 13E)-(15S)-9 alpha, 11 beta, 15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 or 11-epi-PGF2 alpha), by a human liver cytosolic enzyme, detailed characterization of the products formed from PGH2 and PGD2 by the bovine lung PGF synthase was carried out. Chromatographic characteristics of the products formed and stereochemical analysis procedures using mass spectrometry indicated that the enzyme stereospecifically reduces PGH2 to PGF2 alpha, whereas PGD2 is stereospecifically converted to 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2. The finding that this enzyme catalyzes the formation of both C-11 hydroxy epimers of PGF2, albeit from different substrates, is of interest in that these two compounds may exert different biological actions.
Error-and-erasure decoding of convolutional coded DS/SSMA communications in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

We examine the performance of convolutional coded DS/SSMA communication system with error-and-erasure decoding in AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. The demodulator makes a three-level-decision {-1,1,?} based on the channel state information (CSI), where ? represents an erasure. The CSIs considered are the matched filter output and the fading amplitude. The optimum decision threshold that minimizes BER is found to be almost equal to the threshold that maximizes the channel cut-off rate R/sub 0/. A simple parallel decision scheme is proposed to give a performance which is very close to the optimum decision scheme. The performance improvement made by using the CSI is investigated.
An autosomal dominant gene regulates the extent of 9-O-acetylation of murine erythrocyte sialic acids. A probable explanation for the variation in capacity to activate the human alternate complement pathway. (1980)

Nydegger et al. (4) have reported that the difference in susceptibility of erythrocytes from different inbred murine strains to lysis by the human alternate complement pathway is determined by an autosomal locus. We have found a good correlation between the degree of O-acetylation of the erythrocyte sialic acid residues and the susceptibility to complement lysis, whereas there was no correlation between total erythrocyte sialic acid content and complement sensitivity. The major O-acetylated species in all the murine strains is 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid. We propose that the autosomal dominant locus, which determines complement sensitivity, acts by influencing the extent of 9-O-acetylation of the erythrocyte sialic acid residues. By using recombinant inbred strains, we determined that this genetic locus is probably located on chromosome 9. The nature of the gene product remains unknown.
The hydrolyzable gallotannin, penta- <i>O</i> -galloyl-β- <scp>d</scp> -glucopyranoside, inhibits the formation of advanced glycation endproducts by protecting protein structure (2015)

Abstract Glycation is a spontaneous process initiated by a condensation reaction between reducing sugars and proteins that leads to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). The in vivo accumulation of AGEs is associated with several chronic human diseases and, thus, the search for AGE inhibitors is of great research interest. Hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) are bioactive plant polyphenols which show promise as natural inhibitors of glycation and AGE formation. Notably, the gallotannin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG), is a key intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of hydrolyzable tannins in plants. Herein, we investigated the effects of PGG on the individual stages of protein glycation and on protein structure (using bovine serum albumin; BSA). MALDI-TOF data demonstrated that PGG inhibited early glycation by 75% while the synthetic AGE inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), was not active (both at 50 μM). In addition, PGG reduced the formation of middle and late stage AGEs by 90.1 and 60.5%, respectively, which was superior to the positive control, AG. While glycation induced conformational changes in BSA from α-helix to β-sheets (from circular dichroism and congo red binding studies), PGG (at 50 μM) reduced this transition by 50%. Moreover, BSA treated with PGG was more stable in its structure and retained its biophysical properties (based on zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility measurements). The interaction between PGG and BSA was further supported by molecular docking studies. Overall, the current study adds to the growing body of data supporting the anti-AGE effects of hydrolyzable tannins, a ubiquitous class of bioactive plant polyphenols.
Facilitated Glutamatergic Transmission in the Striatum of D<sub>2</sub>Dopamine Receptor-Deficient Mice (2001)

Dopamine (DA) receptors play an important role in the modulation of excitability and the responsiveness of neurons to activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the striatum. In the present study, we utilized mice with genetic deletion of D2 or D4 DA receptors and their wild-type (WT) controls to examine if the absence of either receptor subtype affects striatal excitatory synaptic activity. Immunocytochemical analysis verified the absence of D2 or D4 protein expression in the striatum of receptor-deficient mutant animals. Sharp electrode current- and whole cell patch voltage-clamp recordings were obtained from slices of receptor-deficient and WT mice. Basic membrane properties were similar in D2 and D4 receptor-deficient mutants and their respective WT controls. In current-clamp recordings in WT animals, very little low-amplitude spontaneous synaptic activity was observed. The frequency of these spontaneous events was increased slightly in D2 receptor-deficient mice. In addition, large-amplitude depolarizations were observed in a subset of neurons from only the D2 receptor-deficient mutants. Bath application of the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (100 microM) and bicuculline methiodide (10 microM, to block synaptic activity due to activation of GABA(A) receptors) markedly increased spontaneous synaptic activity in receptor-deficient mutants and WTs. Under these conditions, D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed significantly more excitatory synaptic activity than their WT controls, while there was no difference between D4 receptor-deficient mice and their controls. In voltage-clamp recordings, there was an increase in frequency of spontaneous glutamate receptor-mediated inward currents without a change in mean amplitude in D2 receptor-deficient mutants. In WT mice, activation of D2 family receptors with quinpirole decreased spontaneous excitatory events and conversely sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist, increased activity. In D2 receptor-deficient mice, sulpiride had very little net effect. Morphologically, a subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons from D2 receptor-deficient mice displayed decreased dendritic spines compared with cells from WT mice. These results provide evidence that D2 receptors play an important role in the regulation of glutamate receptor-mediated activity in the corticostriatal or thalamostriatal pathway. These receptors may function as gatekeepers of glutamate release or of its subsequent effects and thus may protect striatal neurons from excessive excitation.
Evaluating the Affective Component of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (2009)

The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the affective component of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and personality changes were more frequent in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Patients with cerebellar lesions were more likely to have depression, deficits in the ability to experience emotions, and behavioral difficulties. A meta-analysis revealed modestly higher scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) among patients with cerebellar disease. This review highlights the need for cohort studies using noncerebellar comparison groups, more sensitive measures, and appropriate-sized populations with isolated cerebellar lesions to thoroughly assess the affective component of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.