gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A thermoluminescent method for aerosol characterization (1976)

A thermoluminescent method has been used to study the interactions of aerosols with ozone. The preliminary results show that ozone reacts with many compounds found in aerosols, and that the thermoluminescence curves obtained from ozonated aerosols are characteristic of the aerosol. The results suggest several important applications of the thermoluminescent method: development of a detector for identification of effluent sources; a sensitive experimental tool for study of heterogeneous chemistry; evaluation of importance of aerosols in atmospheric chemistry; and study of formation of toxic, electronically excited species in airborne particles.
Partial Validation of Configurations at Runtime (2015)

A system configuration is a set of configuration entities, their relations and the rules the system should obey. At runtime the configuration may be modified to meet new requirements, in response to performance degradations, or due to upgrade. Such modifications should maintain the consistency of the configuration to avoid any malfunction and service outage. Thus there is a need for runtime validation, which checks the modifications against the consistency rules of the system. This runtime validation should not only check the correctness of the modifications w.r.t. The consistency rules but it should also impose a minimal overhead especially in case of real-time and highly available systems. In this paper we introduce a partial validation approach for checking the system configuration consistency at runtime. Our approach is model based and uses UML profiles and OCL constraints.
Enhancing photographs with Near Infra-Red images (2008)

Near Infra-Red (NIR) images of natural scenes usually have better contrast and contain rich texture details that may not be perceived in visible light photographs (VIS). In this paper, we propose a novel method to enhance a photograph by using the contrast and texture information of its corresponding NIR image. More precisely, we first decompose the NIR/VIS pair into average and detail wavelet subbands. We then transfer the contrast in the average subband and transfer texture in the detail subbands. We built a special camera mount that optically aligns two consumer-grade digital cameras, one of which was modified to capture NIR. Our results exhibit higher visual quality than tone-mapped HDR images, showing that NIR imaging is useful for computational photography.
Synthesis of a Helical Conjugated Ladder Polymer (1996)

Coordinating the Schiff base of a helicenecdicarbalde-hyde to nickel centers resulted in the first ladder polymer that has an unbroken network of double bonds winding in one direction along a helix (see the representation on the right). Helicene and nickel salophen units alternate in the product, on average 8.3 times.
Characterization of a silicon strip detector for photon-counting spectral CT using monoenergetic photons from 40 keV to 120 keV (2014)

Background: We are developing a segmented silicon strip detector that operates in photon-counting mode and allows pulse-height discrimination with 8 adjustable energy bins. In this work, we determine the energy resolution of the detector using monoenergetic x-ray radiation from 40 keV to 120 keV. We further investigate the effects of pulse pileup and charge sharing between detector channels that may lead to a decreased energy resolution. Methods: For each incident monochromatic x-ray energy, we obtain count spectra at different photon fluxes. These spectra corresponds to the pulse-height response of the detector and allow the determination of energy resolution and charge-sharing probability. The energy resolution, however, is influenced by signal pileup and charge sharing. Both effects are quantified using Monte Carlo simulations of the detector that aim to reproduce the conditions during the measurements. Results: The absolute energy resolution is found to increase from 1.7 to 2.1 keV for increasing energies 40 keV to 120 keV at the lowest measured photon flux. The effect of charge sharing is found to increase the absolute energy resolution by a factor of 1.025 at maximum. This increase is considered as negligibly small. The pileup of pulses leads to a deterioration rate of the energy resolution of 4 · 10<sup>-3</sup> keV Mcps<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>, corresponding to an increase of 0.04keV per 10 Mcps increase of the detected count rate.
Integrating morphology into automatic speech recognition (2009)

This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate the morphology as a model into an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for morphologically rich languages. The high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) word rates have been a major challenge for ASR in morphologically productive languages. The standard approach to this problem has been to shift from words to sub-word units in language modeling, and the only change to the system is in the language model estimated over these units. In contrast, we propose to integrate the morphology as other any knowledge source - such as the lexicon, and the language model- directly into the search network. The morphological parser for a language, implemented as a finite-state lexical transducer, can be considered as a computational lexicon. The computational lexicon represents a dynamic vocabulary in contrast to a static vocabulary generally used for ASR. We compose the transducer for this computational lexicon with a statistical language model over lexical morphemes to obtain a morphology-integrated search network. The resulting search network generates only grammatical word forms and improves the recognition accuracy due to reduced OOV rate. We give experimental results for Turkish broadcast news transcription, and show that it outperforms the 50K and 100K vocabulary word models while the 200K vocabulary word model is slightly better.
Optical limiting with reverse saturable absorbers (1990)

We have used a physically realistic model to investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in organometallic cluster compounds. An algorithm was developed to solve numerically the model and is used for the case of a collimated beam to determine various material parameters by fitting theory to experimental optical limiting data. Using these parameters, the algorithm was then extended to the case of converging and/or diverging beams.
Nanostructural engineering of organic aerogels (1995)

Aerogels are a special class of open-cell foams with an ultrafine cell/pore size (<50 nm), high surface area (400-1100 M{sup 2}/g), and a solid matrix composed of interconnected colloidal-like particles or fibers with characteristic diameters of 10 nm. This paper examines the correlation between nanostructure and thermal conductivity in a series of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels prepared under different synthetic conditions.
Out‐of‐the‐loop crash prediction: the automation expectation mismatch (AEM) algorithm (2019)

This study uses behavioural data from the complete drive for a subset of 54 participants from the automation expectation mismatch set of test track experiments and aims to develop an algorithm that can predict which drivers are likely to crash. Participants experienced 30 min of highly reliable supervised automation and were required to intervene to avoid crashing with a stationary object at the end of the drive. Many of them still crashed, despite having their eyes on the conflict object. They were informed about their role as supervisors, automation limitations, and received attention reminders if visually distracted. Three pre‐conflict behavioural patterns were found to be associated with increased risk of crash involvement: low levels of visual attention to the forward path, high per cent road centre (i.e. gaze concentration), and long visual response times to attention reminders. One algorithm showed very high performance in classifying crashers when combining metrics related to all three behaviours. This algorithm is possible to implement as a real‐time function in eye‐tracker equipped vehicles. The algorithm can detect drivers that are not sufficiently engaged in the driving task, and provide feedback (e.g. reduce function performance, turn off function) to increase their engagement.
Preparation of composite organic-inorganic nanoparticles (COIN) with distinctive raman signatures (2007)

Composite organic-inorganic nanoparticle (COIN) is a new type of optical label for multiplex biomolecule detection. It has strong Raman signal intensity and the potential for a large number of unique Raman signatures. We have developed methods to fabricate, encapsulate, and to functionalize COINs with antibodies. We have demonstrated that COINs can give comparable detection limit and linearity range to “golden standard” protein detection method – ELISA, but without secondary antibody binding and enzyme amplification.
Performance Prediction of IoT Application (2016)

The ubiquitous deployment of mobile and sensor devices is creating a new environment, known as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this new realm, wireless sensor nodes, smart devices along with information and communication systems together constitute the elements of new computing environment. For wide acceptance of IoT applications, guaranteeing their performance is important. However, performance analysis of IoT applications encounters a lot of challenges such as interaction among a number of different technologies, various usage patterns of smart devices, numerous possible transactions, unavailability of suitable testing platforms and so on. In this paper, we deal with performance analysis of a scalable IoT platform that attempts to take a holistic approach for enterprise level data management in the IoT domain as well as development of IoT applications. We predict the performance of specific APIs offered by the platform using queuing network modeling and also validate them through experimental analysis on two deployment platforms. Additionally, we are able to predict performance of a real-life energy monitoring application deployed on this platform in a production environment. Our analysis is done mostly based on data extracted from production environment and requires only limited performance tests.
Peptide/Protein Stapling and Unstapling: Introduction of <i>s</i> -Tetrazine, Photochemical Release, and Regeneration of the Peptide/Protein (2015)

Protocols have been achieved that permit facile introduction of s-tetrazine into unprotected peptides and the protein, thioredoxin, between two cysteine sulfhydryl groups (i.e., staple), followed by photochemical release (i.e., unstaple) and regeneration of the peptide/protein upon removal of the cyano groups from the derived bisthiocyanate. The S,S-tetrazine macrocycles in turn provide a convenient handle for probe introduction by exploiting the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactivity of the tetrazine.
Smoothed local histogram filters (2010)

Local image histograms contain a great deal of information useful for applications in computer graphics, computer vision and computational photography. Making use of that information has been challenging because of the expense of computing histogram properties over large neighborhoods. Efficient algorithms exist for some specific computations like the bilateral filter, but not others. Here, we present an efficient and practical method for computing accurate derivatives and integrals of locally-weighted histograms over large neighborhoods. The method allows us to compute the location, height, width and integral of all local histogram modes at interactive rates. Among other things, it enables the first constant-time isotropic median filter, robust isotropic image morphology operators, an efficient "dominant mode" filter and a non-iterative alternative to the mean shift. In addition, we present a method to combat the over-sharpening that is typical of histogram-based edge-preserving smoothing. This post-processing step should make histogram-based filters not only fast and efficient, but also suitable for a variety of new applications.
Photonic Integrated Circuits with SOAs in WDM Optical Networks (2008)

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have had a significant impact on WDM transmission systems and are scalable, reliable, economic, and have performance comparable to discrete optoelectronic components. Integration of SOAs to the PIC platform extend the performance and benefits of PICs.
A new CMOS current mode fast folding amplifier (2014)

Folding amplifiers are the key building blocks of folding flash analog to digital converters (ADC). Although, there are many folding amplifiers found in the literature, their transfer characteristics are either sinusoidal or triangular which causes digitization error and needs corrective measurements in folding-amplifier based ADCs. In this work, a new CMOS current-mode folding amplifier with saw-tooth transfer characteristics is proposed. The design is based on MOS operating in strong inversion. The functionality of the proposed circuit was confirmed using Tanner T-spice in TSMC 0.18μm technology. The worst case delay of the folding amplifier is found to be 25ns which is around 10 times faster than the most recent work found in the literature.
<title>Demagnification by bias in proximity x-ray lithography</title> (2000)

The ability to produce fine features using X-ray proximity lithography is controlled predominantly by diffraction and photoelectron blur. The diffraction manifests itself as feature 'bias.' The classical approach is to attempt to minimize the bias; that is, to print features which are 1:1 images of those on the mask. However, bias can also be exploited to print features smaller than those on the mask. This demagnification-by-bias technique can be optimized with respect to mask-wafer gap and resist processing, and can provide reductions of 3X to 6X. Demagnification offers many of the same advantages as projection optical lithography in terms of critical dimension control: relaxed mask features CD. In addition, it provides a very large 'depth of focus' and wide dose latitude. In consequence proximity X-ray lithography is extendible to feature sizes below 25 nm, taking advantage of comparatively large mask features (> 0.1 nm) and large gaps (10 -25 micrometer). The method was demonstrated for demagnification values down to X3.5. To produce DRAM half- pitch fine features techniques such as multiple exposures with a single development step are proposed.
Refractive index modulation in photo-thermo-refractive fibers (2005)

Refractive index decrement was discovered in a fiber made from photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. PTR glass is a fluorosilicate glass doped with cerium and silver which demonstrates refractive index change after UV exposure and thermal development due to precipitation of NaF nanocrystals in the irradiated areas. This glass is widely used for volume holographic optical elements recording. Photosensitivity in PTR optical fibers has been shown after exposure to radiation at 325 nm for about 1 J/cm2 followed by thermal development at 520°C. Refractive index difference between exposed and unexposed areas was about 1000 ppm. A Bragg mirror at 1088 nm was recorded in such fiber which showed narrow band reflection within 1 nm.
Compensation of Nuisance Factors for Speaker and Language Recognition (2007)

The variability of the channel and environment is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of text-independent speaker verification systems. The best techniques for channel compensation are model based. Most of them have been proposed for Gaussian mixture models, while in the feature domain blind channel compensation is usually performed. The aim of this work is to explore techniques that allow more accurate intersession compensation in the feature domain. Compensating the features rather than the models has the advantage that the transformed parameters can be used with models of a different nature and complexity and for different tasks. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of the compensation of the intersession variability obtained by means of the channel factors approach. In particular, we compare channel variability modeling in the usual Gaussian mixture model domain, and our proposed feature domain compensation technique. We show that the two approaches lead to similar results on the NIST 2005 Speaker Recognition Evaluation data with a reduced computation cost. We also report the results of a system, based on the intersession compensation technique in the feature space that was among the best participants in the NIST 2006 Speaker Recognition Evaluation. Moreover, we show how we obtained significant performance improvement in language recognition by estimating and compensating, in the feature domain, the distortions due to interspeaker variability within the same language.
Quantum cryptography for secure satellite communications (2002)

Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods. An adversary can neither successfully tap the quantum transmissions, nor evade detection, owing to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. In this paper we describe the theory of quantum cryptography, and recent results from our experimental free-space system with which we have demonstrated the feasibility of quantum key generation over a point-to-point outdoor atmospheric path in daylight. We achieved a transmission distance of 0.5 km, which was limited only by the length of the test range. Our results provide strong evidence that cryptographic key material could be generated on demand between a ground station and a satellite (or between two satellites), allowing a satellite to be securely re-keyed on orbit for encrypting the uplinked command path and downlinked data path; or to distribute keys between widely-separated ground stations with a satellite relay, enabling encrypted communications over even inter-continental distances. We present a feasibility analysis of surface-to-satellite quantum key generation.
Low-power adaptive spike detector based on a sigma-delta control loop (2015)

This paper presents a resources-optimized digital action potential (AP) detector featuring an adaptive threshold based on a new Sigma-delta control loop. The proposed AP detector is optimized for utilizing low hardware resources, which makes it suitable for implementation on most popular low-power microcontrollers units (MCU). The adaptive threshold is calculated using a digital control loop based on a Sigma-delta modulator that precisely estimates the standard deviation of the amplitude of the neuronal signal. The detector was implemented on a popular low-power MCU and fully characterized experimentally using previously recorded neural signals with different signal-to-noise ratios. A comparison of the obtained results with other thresholding approaches shows that the proposed method can compete with high performance and highly resources demanding spike detection approaches while achieving up to 100% of true positive detection rate at high SNR, and up to 63% for an SNR as low as 0 dB, while necessitating an execution time as low as 11 μs with the MCU operating at 8 MHz.
Expression cloning of a cDNA for human ceramide glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the first glycosylation step of glycosphingolipid synthesis. (1996)

We have isolated a cDNA encoding human ceramide glucosyltransferase (glucosylceramide synthase, UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.80) by expression cloning using as a recipient GM-95 cells lacking the enzyme. The enzyme catalyzes the first glycosylation step of glycosphingolipid synthesis and the product, glucosylceramide, serves as the core of more than 300 glycosphingolipids. The cDNA has a G+C-rich 5' untranslated region of 290 nucleotides and the open reading frame encodes 394 amino acids (44.9 kDa). A hydrophobic segment was found near the N terminus that is the potential signal-anchor sequence. In addition, considerable hydrophobicity was detected in the regions close to the C terminus, which may interact with the membrane. A catalytically active enzyme was produced from Escherichia coli transfected with the cDNA. Northern blot analysis revealed a single transcript of 3.5 kb, and the mRNA was widely expressed in organs. The amino acid sequence of ceramide glucosyltransferase shows no significant homology to ceramide galactosyltransferase, which indicates different evolutionary origins of these enzymes.
Angiogenic activity of fibrin degradation products is located in fibrin fragment E (1992)

The source of angiogenic activity of fibrin degradation products has been sought in a series of experiments, applying degradation products from different types of fibrin and fibrinogen to the chick chorioallantoic membrane. The presence of platelets or fibronectin during clotting was not essential for activity, and neither was crosslinking. Fibrinogen degradation products were non-stimulatory, as was serum. Molecular sieve column chromatography indicated a range of active fragments. Admixture of active fibrin degradation products with antifibrin fragment E, but not D, antiserum neutralized activity. Preparations containing only fibrin fragment E retained activity. A commercial preparation of fibrinogen fragment E was inactive until treated with thrombin. These experiments point to fibrin fragment E being the source of angiogenic activity, with thrombin cleavage being the essential step in generating activity.
Electrospun poly(L-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) biodegradable polymer nanofibre tubes for peripheral nerve regeneration (2004)

10.1088/0957-4484/15/11/014
Image enhancement in the scanning acoustic microscope using analogue filters (1977)

A simple technique is described for enhancing the images in the scanning acoustic microscope. The technique involves passing the video signal through analogue filters prior to recording the image. The resulting images bring out detail which would otherwise be difficult to observe in regular acoustic micrographs.
Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters by Recombinant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Lipases in Aqueous Environment (2001)

Various flavor esters were obtained by using recombinant lipases from Staphylococcus epidermidis as a catalyst in an aqueous environment. These esters were enzymatically synthesized to overcome the problems associated with chemical processes. This study showed that the S. epidermidis lipases could catalyze ester synthesis from decyl alcohol and fatty acids of different chain length. The wild-type and mutant lipases (M419A and V649I) could efficiently catalyze the synthesis of decyl alcohol esters of unsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the yield of decyl laurate was better by wild-type and mutant enzyme V6491, but mutant enzyme M419A only favored the synthesis of decyl myristate. The esterification of oleic acid and various carbon-chain-length alcohols from ethanol to hexadecanol increased up to decanol by wild-type and M419A mutant enzymes and reached an optimum for dodecanol by V6491 mutant enzyme. The enzyme is potentially useful in food industries such as dairy product flavoring.