gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the structure and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3-(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–PbTiO3 ceramics for high temperature applications (2013)

There is a growing requirement for piezoelectric materials and systems which can operate in extreme environments, for example, oil & gas, and aerospace. Here, we present the high temperature BiFeO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-PbTiO3 (BF-KBT-PT) polycrystalline perovskite system. X-ray diffraction, impedance analysis, and Berlincourt measurements reveal a large region of phase coexistence, which can be tailored to optimise performance; Tc and the tetragonal spontaneous strain correlate strongly with the PbTiO3 concentration. The highest temperature composition has a d33 of 140 pmV−1 with a Tc = 542 °C, occupying previously unchartered territory on the classical d33–TC plot.
Performance analysis of the MB-OFDM ultra-wide band communication system with space-time block coding and antenna selection (2007)

The emerging ultra wideband (UWB) system offers a great potential for the design of high speed short-range wireless communications. In order to obtain the higher data rates and high capacity, one possible solution is to exploit both spatial and multipath diversities via the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and proper coding techniques. The major problems of such systems are high cost and complexity due to more than one radio frequency (RF) chains at both end links. An effective technique to reduce this overhead is to allow the transmitter and/or the receiver to select an optimum antenna subset according to some optimization criterion. In this paper .based on traditional MB-OFDM ultra-wide band physics level structure, we analyze coded multiple-input/multiple output (MIMO) systems with antenna selection at the transmitter side. Proposed an optimum selection criterion to minimize the bit error ratio (BER) and Improved the algorithm to reduce the computation quantity when a channel adapted space-time block coding (STBC) are used. The simulation result indicated that, the STBC-MB-OFDM system may obtain the better diversity gain under the low signal to noise ratio, and the system with antenna selection is reduced the bit error ratio (BER) and complexity in the revision S-V channel.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 18‐e Cobalt(I)‐Containing Norbornene and Application as Heterogeneous Macromolecular Catalyst in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2014)

In the last decades, metallopolymers have received great attention due to their various applications in the fields of materials and chemistry. In this article, a neutral 18-electron exo-substituted η(4) -cyclopentadiene CpCo(I) unit-containing polymer is prepared in a controlled/"living" fashion by combining facile click chemistry and ring-opening meta-thesis polymerization (ROMP). This Co(I)-containing polymer is further used as a heterogeneous macromolecular catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and styrene.
Optimisation of orthogonal low-rate convolutional codes in a DS-CDMA system (2002)

The paper describes a novel approach to the use of direct-sequence spread-spectrum modulation for code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) applications by replacing the normal PN spreading code with an orthogonal low-rate convolutional code. This achieves both the spreading in bandwidth of the data and a powerful coding strategy within the output state of the convolutional shift register system, which maximises the number of simultaneous CDMA channels. In order to achieve orthogonality, Hadamard codes are incorporated within the convolutional coding strategy. The effects of using such a design within a DS-CDMA system are studied and the results show a direct increase in the capacity of the cellular system compared with a DS-CDMA using maximal length sequences. The importance of randomising the output symbols from the Hadamard encoder is also considered with respect to the spectral characteristics of the transmitted signal and the isolation between different simultaneously transmitting users.
Immunologic Phenomena in the Effusive Form of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (1980)

The effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was reproduced by injecting 12- to 16-week-old kittens intraperitoneally with a cell-free inoculum derived from the tissues of infected cats. The kittens used for the study were either positive for FIP virus-reacting antibodies before inoculation or they were seronegative. Seropositive kittens were obtained from a cattery where the natural infection was enzootic, and seronegative kittens were obtained from a specific-pathogen-free cattery. Only about half the kittens that were seronegative before inoculation developed disease or serum antibodies to the tissue-derived virus. Seronegative kittens that developed disease showed no signs of illness until 8 to 10 days after inoculation, and they lived for 7 to 14 days after clinical signs appeared. The onset of clinical disease coincided with the appearance of serum antibodies. In contrast, all of the seropositive kittens became ill within 36 to 48 hours after inoculation, and died within 5 to 7 days. If seronegative kittens were treated with immune serum or immunoglobulin (Ig)G, they developed disease with the same frequency, acuteness, and severity as seropositive kittens. Foci of hepatitis and serositis in seropositive kittens contained viral antigen, IgG bound to antigen, and complement. Serum complement activity also decreased several days before death in seropositive kittens inoculated with tissue-derived FIP virus. The temporal relationship of clinical disease and the appearance of serum antibodies, the more acute and severe nature of the disease produced in seropositive kittens, and the presence of antibody and complement in the lesions indicated that effusive FIP is immunologically mediated.
Ionization of atoms in strong low-frequency electromagnetic field (2010)

The ionization of atoms in a low-frequency linearly polarized electromagnetic field (the photon energy is much lower than the ionization potential of an atom) is considered under new conditions, in which the Coulomb interaction of an electron with the atomic core in the final state of the continuum cannot be considered in perturbation theory in the interaction of the electron with the electromagnetic field. The field is assumed to be much weaker that the atomic field. In these conditions, the classical motion of the electron in the final state of the continuum becomes chaotic (so-called dynamic chaos). Using the well-known Chirikov method of averaging over chaotic variations of the phase of motion, the problem can be reduced to non-linear diffusion on the energy scale. We calculate the classical electron energy in the final state, which is averaged over fast chaotic oscillations and takes into account both the Coulomb field and the electromagnetic field. This energy is used to calculate the probability of ionization from the ground state of the atom to a lower-lying state in the continuum using the Landau-Dykhne approximation (to exponential accuracy). This ionization probability noticeably depends on the field frequency. Upon a decrease in frequency, a transition to the well-known tunnel ionization limit with a probability independent of the field frequency is considered.
Guidance on the emergent reversal of oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors (2012)

The new oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban have advantages over warfarin which include no need for laboratory monitoring, less drug-drug interactions and less food-drug interactions. However, there is no established antidote for patients who are bleeding or require emergent surgery and there is a paucity of evidence to guide the clinical care during these situations. Members of thrombosis and anticoagulation groups participating in the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Summit of North America formulated expert opinion guidance for reversing the anticoagulant effect of the new oral anticoagulants and suggest: routine supportive care, activated charcoal if drug ingestion was within a couple of hours, and hemodialysis if feasible for dabigatran. Also, the pros and cons of the possible use of four factor prothrombin complex concentrate are discussed.
Online Active Learning with Imbalanced Classes (2013)

This paper proposes an online algorithm for active learning that switches between different candidate instance selection strategies (ISS) for classification in imbalanced data sets. This is important for two reasons: 1) many real-world problems have imbalanced class distributions and 2) there is no ISS that always outperforms all the other techniques. We first empirically compare the performance of existing techniques on imbalanced data sets and show that different strategies work better on different data sets and some techniques even hurt compared to random selection. We then propose an unsupervised score to track and predict the performance of individual instance selection techniques, allowing us to select an effective technique without using a holdout set and wasting valuable labeled data. This score is used in a simple online learning approach that switches between different ISS at each iteration. The proposed approach performs better than the best individual strategy available to the online algorithm over data sets in this paper and provides a way to build practical and effective active learning system for imbalanced data sets.
A Triple-Power-Mode Digital Polar CMOS RF Power Amplifier With LO Duty Cycle Control (2016)

A triple-power-mode digital polar CMOS power amplifier (DPA) with a high dynamic range is presented. The triple-power-mode to enhance the efficiency when operating under back-off power is facilitated by the combination of a switched output transformer to change the load impedance and a reduced duty cycle of the LO input signal of the DPA for additional back-off power. This static power-mode method for the low-power region can be used with a DPA which has a high dynamic range in conjunction with a digitally controlled bias generator. An improvement in the PAE from 14.5% to 28.7% is achieved at a back-off power of 6.5 dB from a peak output power of 21.54 dBm at 1.7 GHz. A digital transmit power control (TPC) range of 68.2 dB for WCDMA is realized without any external components.
Effects of brief starvation on muscle amino acid metabolism in nonobese man. (1976)

A reduction in the release of substrate amino acids from skeletal muscle largely explains the decrease in gluconeogenesis characterizing prolonged starvation. Brief starvation is associated with an increase in gluconeogenesis, suggesting increased release of amino acids from muscle. In the present studies, accelerated amino acid release from skeletal muscle induced by brief starvation was sought to account for the accompanying augmentation of gluconeogenesis. To do this amino acid balance across forearm muscles was quantified in 15 postabsorptive (overnight fasted) subjects and in 7 subjects fasted for 60 h. Fasting significantly reduced basal insulin (11.3-7.5 muU/ml) and increased glucagon (116-134 pg/ml). Muscle release of the principal glycogenic amino acids increased. Alanine release increased 59.4%. The increase in release for all amino acids averaged 69.4% and was statistically significant for threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, alpha-aminobutyrate, methionine, tyrosine, and lysine. Thus, with brief starvation, muscle release of glycogenic amino acids increases strikingly. This contrasts with the reduction of amino acid release characterizing prolonged starvation. The adaptation of peripheral tissue metabolism to brief starvation is best explained by the decrease in insulin.
An FPGA-based performance comparison of the 64-bit block ciphers (2004)

An FPGA-based performance comparison of 64-bit block ciphers (Triple-DES, IDEA, CAST- 128, MISTYl, and KHAZAD) is given in this paper. Two basic architectures are implemented for each cipher. For the non-feedback cipher modes, the pipelined technique between the rounds is used, and the achieved throughput ranges from 3.0 Gbps for IDEA to 6.9 Gbps for Triple-DES. For feedback ciphers modes, the basic iterative architecture is considered and the achieved throughput ranges from 115 Mbps for Triple-DES to 462 Mbps for KHAZAD. The throughput, throughput per slice, latency, and area requirement results are provided for all the cipher implementations.
Multicenter prospective evaluation of a new articulating 5-mm endoscopic linear stapler (2015)

The study confirmed that the new device was user-friendly (9 % incidence of problems firing the device), reliable (3 % device failures) and safe (<1 % complication rate related to the stapler). Based on these results, it would seem that this new 5-mm stapler is a safe and effective alternative to standard 12-mm staplers.
Time-related issues in Ada 9X (1991)

This is a summary of the discussions on the Ada 9X mapping proposals as they relate to the measuremen t and management of time, which took place 'Tuesday morning and Wednesday afternoon . "The relevan t section of the Draft Mapping Document [Intermctrics, 1991 h] is 9 .8 (Delay Statements, Duration, an d 'time) . "The discussion started with questions and answers aimed at clarifying the proposed mapping, an d progressed to debate over the merits of specific details .
3-D Point Cloud Generation from Rigid and Flexible Stereo Vision Systems (2009)

When considering the operation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), such problems as landing site estimation or robot path planning become a concern. Deciding if an area of terrain has a level enough slope and a wide enough area to land a Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) UAV or if an area of terrain is traversable by a ground robot is reliant on data gathered from sensors, such as cameras. 3-D models, which can be built from data extracted from digital cameras, can help facilitate decision making for such tasks by providing a virtual model of the surrounding environment the system is in. A stereo vision system utilizes two or more cameras, which capture images of a scene from two or more viewpoints, to create 3-D point clouds. A point cloud is a set of un-gridded 3-D points corresponding to a 2-D image, and is used to build gridded surface models. Designing a stereo system for distant terrain modeling requires an extended baseline, or distance between the two cameras, in order to obtain a reasonable depth resolution. As the width of the baseline increases, so does the flexibility of the system, causing the orientation of the cameras to deviate from their original state. A set of tools have been developed to generate 3-D point clouds from rigid and flexible stereo systems, along with a method for applying corrections to a flexible system to regain distance accuracy in a flexible system.
Carbosilane Dendrimers Bearing Globotriaoses:  Construction of a Series of Carbosilane Dendrimers Bearing Globotriaoses (2006)

To enhance biological activities on the basis of the sugar cluster effect, a series of carbosilane dendrimers as core scaffolds for the construction of glycodendrimers was systematically synthesized from appropriate chlorosilanes by a combination of alkenylation and hydrosylation reactions. Those carbosilane dendrimers having terminal C=C double bonds underwent general hydroboration reactions to give corresponding primary polyols. Further transformations of the alcohols were then performed by mesylation followed by a displacement with NaBr to provide corresponding dendrimers with 4 to 36 bromine atoms at each terminal end. Assembly of trisaccharide moieties of globotriaosyl ceramide using alkyl halide-type carbosilane dendrimers as the core frame was conducted in liquid ammonia by a one-pot reaction involving selective removal of a benzyl group under the Birch reduction condition and subsequent S(N)2 reaction to yield a series of carbosilane dendrimers having appropriate numbers of trisaccharide moieties. These dendrimers have unique shapes and adequate numbers of terminal trisaccharide moieties. Some of the dendrimers showed unique biological activity against Stxs, which were produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Further Results on Incremental Input-to-State Stability (2009)

Incremental stability notions defined by means of comparison functions in a state-space framework are further investigated. In particular, we provide a continuous converse Lyapunov theorem for incremental integral ISS and show that the incremental integral property is at least as strong as incremental ISS.
<scp>ZEB</scp> 1‐associated drug resistance in cancer cells is reversed by the class I <scp>HDAC</scp> inhibitor mocetinostat (2015)

Therapy resistance is a major clinical problem in cancer medicine and crucial for disease relapse and progression. Therefore, the clinical need to overcome it, particularly for aggressive tumors such as pancreatic cancer, is very high. Aberrant activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and an associated cancer stem cell phenotype are considered a major cause of therapy resistance. Particularly, the EMT-activator ZEB1 was shown to confer stemness and resistance. We applied a systematic, stepwise strategy to interfere with ZEB1 function, aiming to overcome drug resistance. This led to the identification of both its target gene miR-203 as a major drug sensitizer and subsequently the class I HDAC inhibitor mocetinostat as epigenetic drug to interfere with ZEB1 function, restore miR-203 expression, repress stemness properties, and induce sensitivity against chemotherapy. Thereby, mocetinostat turned out to be more effective than other HDAC inhibitors, such as SAHA, indicating the relevance of the screening strategy. Our data encourage the application of mechanism-based combinations of selected epigenetic drugs with standard chemotherapy for the rational treatment of aggressive solid tumors, such as pancreatic cancer.
A text pattern‐matching tool based on Parsing Expression Grammars (2008)

Abstract Current text pattern‐matching tools are based on regular expressions. However, pure regular expressions have proven too weak a formalism for the task: many interesting patterns either are difficult to describe or cannot be described by regular expressions. Moreover, the inherent non‐determinism of regular expressions does not fit the need to capture specific parts of a match. Motivated by these reasons, most scripting languages nowadays use pattern‐matching tools that extend the original regular‐expression formalism with a set of ad hoc features, such as greedy repetitions, lazy repetitions, possessive repetitions, ‘longest‐match rule,’ lookahead, etc. These ad hoc extensions bring their own set of problems, such as lack of a formal foundation and complex implementations. In this paper, we propose the use of Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) as a basis for pattern matching. Following this proposal, we present LPEG, a pattern‐matching tool based on PEGs for the Lua scripting language. LPEG unifies the ease of use of pattern‐matching tools with the full expressive power of PEGs. Because of this expressive power, it can avoid the myriad of ad hoc constructions present in several current pattern‐matching tools. We also present a Parsing Machine that allows a small and efficient implementation of PEGs for pattern matching. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making “World-class Universities” (2003)

The realization of world-class universities is a dream of every researcher and national government. However, making them and maintaining their status is difficult even in highly developed industrial countries. Consequently, national governments tend to concentrate financial investment in their top universities, usually with the support of leading members of the academic community. It is not clear that such sponsored development of a limited number of universities is truly the most efficient approach to enhancing the quality of research and development in any one country. Similar to the effect of Korea’s BK21 scheme, dispute among researchers was widespread when the Japanese government endeavoured to select around 30 “top” universities. In order to provide sustainable incentives, foster accountability and promote competition among institutions, national policies must aim for the enrichment of “flagship universities” while continuing to support the knowledge infrastructure for “ordinary” ones. This article analyses Japanese “World-Class Universities” policies from the perspectives of both researchers and the national government. This topic is treated as an issue facing most OECD countries.
Real-Time Constant Objective Quality Video Coding Strategy in High Efficiency Video Coding (2019)

As video data are occupying an increasingly more significant portion of global data traffic, video communication has become an indispensable component for most multimedia applications. As an enabling technology of video communication, although video coding is well standardized, the strategy to control video codec is highly customized to applications. The consistency of video quality is being paid more attention in many emerging applications. For example, in video surveillance, the quality of video frames should be stable in order to ensure the performance of machine intelligence algorithm, such as object detection precision. In this paper, we focus on achieving constant objective reconstruction quality in the process of video coding. To achieve certain rate-distortion performance, bit rate and distortion metric are usually modeled as a function of video content and control parameters of codec. For content modeling in existing work, there is still room for improvement, including the design of more efficient content feature, the compensation for assumption about constant RD characteristics among consecutive frames, and the adjustment of Lagrangian multiplier <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> according to content property. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) a robust content adaptive model for residual bit rate modeling based on content statistics called mean absolute partial transformed difference (MAPTD); 2) a content-related header bit rate modeling; 3) preprocessing scheme for robust content feature estimation at scene change; 4) a distortion model consistent with local content; and 5) content adaptive <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> determination. The experimental results show that our constant quality control strategy can achieve superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
A functional comparison of mature human dendritic cells prepared in fluorinated ethylene‐propylene bags or polystyrene flasks (2006)

FEP- and PS-cultured DCs are similar in phenotype and in some functional measures, but FEP markedly reduces DC production of IL-12 and IL-10. This phenomenon presumably reflects intracellular changes linked to the absence of a surface for firm cell adherence. Given the importance of these cytokines in the immune response, these changes could have a significant impact on DC function in vivo.