gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The isolation and characterization of CTC subsets related to breast cancer dormancy (2015)

Uncovering CTCs phenotypes offer the promise to dissect their heterogeneity related to metastatic competence. CTC survival rates are highly variable and this can lead to many questions as yet unexplored properties of CTCs responsible for invasion and metastasis vs dormancy. We isolated CTC subsets from peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with or without breast cancer brain metastasis. CTC subsets were selected for EpCAM negativity but positivity for CD44(+)/CD24(-) stem cell signature; along with combinatorial expression of uPAR and int β1, two markers directly implicated in breast cancer dormancy mechanisms. CTC subsets were cultured in vitro generating 3D CTC tumorspheres which were interrogated for biomarker profiling and biological characteristics. We identified proliferative and invasive properties of 3D CTC tumorspheres distinctive upon uPAR/int β1 combinatorial expression. The molecular characterization of uPAR/int β1 CTC subsets may enhance abilities to prospectively identify patients who may be at high risk of developing BCBM.
Near-Clinical Applications of Laser Scanning Cytometry (2006)

Biological samples from human tissues are characterized by complexity and heterogeneity. The ability to make rapid, reliable, quantitative fluorochromatic measurements on clinical samples allows the development of new and practical assays that could influence diagnosis and treatment in a variety of clinical applications. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) is a very versatile and adaptable technology that allows for the quantitative analysis of cell samples that are unsuitable for flow cytometry by virtue of their presentation and context. Crucially, it allows the direct visualization of cells and rare events and the correlation of imagery with fluorochromatic measurements. In this chapter, we describe early experiments in the study of cytotoxic drug uptake and resistance in human tumor cells and in the study of sputum cells from asthmatic patients, which harness the specific capabilities of LSC to practical clinical problems.
Differential Modulation of μ- and δ-Opioid Receptor Agonists by Endogenous RGS4 Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells (2009)

Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins are a family of molecules that control the duration of G protein signaling. A variety of RGS proteins have been reported to modulate opioid receptor signaling. Here we show that RGS4 is abundantly expressed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that endogenously express mu- and delta-opioid receptors and test the hypothesis that the activity of opioids in these cells is modulated by RGS4. Endogenous RGS4 protein was reduced by approximately 90% in SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing short hairpin RNA specifically targeted to RGS4. In these cells, the potency and maximal effect of delta-opioid receptor agonist (SNC80)-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was increased compared with control cells. This effect was reversed by transient transfection of a stable RGS4 mutant (HA-RGS4C2S). Furthermore, MAPK activation by SNC80 was increased in cells with knockdown of RGS4. In contrast, there was no change in the mu-opioid (morphine) response at adenylyl cyclase or MAPK. FLAG-tagged opioid receptors and HA-RGS4C2S were transiently expressed in HEK293T cells, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the delta-opioid receptor but not the mu-opioid receptor could be precipitated together with the stable RGS4. Using chimeras of the delta- and mu-opioid receptors, the C-tail and third intracellular domain of the delta-opioid receptor were suggested to be the sites of interaction with RGS4. The findings demonstrate a role for endogenous RGS4 protein in modulating delta-opioid receptor signaling in SH-SY5Y cells and provide evidence for a receptor-specific effect of RGS4.
A Task-Centric Memory Model for Scalable Accelerator Architectures (2010)

This article presents a memory model for parallel compute accelerators with task-based programming models that uses a software protocol, working in collaboration with hardware caches, to maintain a coherent, single address space view of memory without requiring hardware cache coherence. The memory model supports visual computing applications, which are becoming an important class of workloads capable of exploiting 1,000-core processors.
Carbon Nanotubes: A Future Material of Life (2000)

The synthesis and applications of carbon nanotubes, a new form of crystalline carbon, are reviewed. In particular, the results obtained in the authors' laboratory are summarized, including the preparation of highly crystalline multi-walled carbon nanotubes; also discussed are the valence band and core level structures, the nonlinear optical limiting behavior, the band gap measurement, and the hydrogen uptake by carbon nanotubes, which has been greatly enhanced by alkali-doping.
Ganymede, implications for bright terrain formation from topographic data (2009)

We have used Galileo G28 stereo-derived topography at the boundary of Nicholson Regio (NR) to Harpagia Sulcus (HS) to study the processes that have shaped these regions and, in particular, to find implications for bright terrain formation on Ganymede. Bright terrains were suggested to have formed by tectonism [1], cryovolcanism [2], or both in interactions [3], but their relative roles at the formation of bright terrains have remained open [4]. Our topographic data here (Figure 1) suggest that the formation of bright terrain in HS is likely related to tectonism accompanied by isostatically driven rise of warm mobile ice flooding lower-lying portions of extended terrain. In detail, HS is relatively smooth with relief (dark terrain in NR features relief of typically 200 m), and unlike lower-lying cryovolcanic terrains identified by other researchers elsewhere on Ganymede [5], bright terrain of HS is at about the same topographic level as neighboring dark terrain of NR. Several factors indicate that extension has affected the study area: 1) a ~ 5 km wide and up to 400 m deep bounding trough along the margin of the bright terrain, 2) an elevated flanking ridge within the bright terrain, and 3) high-standing fault blocks (with ~300 m of relief) within the dark terrain adjacent and parallel to the boundary. The saw-tooth shape of these blocks is indicative of tilt-block normal faulting, and their high elevation over surrounding terrain may be explained by block rotation at large strains. References [1] Head, J.W. et al. (1997) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXIV, abstract #535. [2] Kay, J.E. and J.W. Head (1999) Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXX, abstract #1103. [3] Parmentier, E. M. et al. (1982) Nature, 295, 290-293. [4] Head, J.W. et al. (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett, 29(24), 2151. [5] Schenk, P. M. et al. (2001), Nature, 410, 57- 60. Figure 1: Topography at the boundary of Nicholson Regio (west) to Harpagia Sulcus (east) derived from G28 stereo images. Horizontal resolution is 0.6-1.2 km, and vertical accuracies are 15-30 m.
Collimation of the output beam from an asymmetric unstable ring resonator (1985)

A simple method to overcome the problem of large beam divergence and compensate for the astigmatic difference in the output beam of an asymmetric unstable ring resonator is proposed. The method is based on suitably shaping the outer surface of the output mirror. The results indicate that it is possible to select the curvatures of the output surface so that a collimated output beam is obtained in the two orthogonal planes over a fairly wide range of spacings between the focusing elements.
Managing Diversity in the European Union: Inclusive European Citizenship and Third- Country Nationals (2004)

European citizenship establishes a precedent whereby the exercise and\nprotection of rights - the practice of citizenship - is no longer contingent\non residency within the jurisdiction of national citizenship. Free\nmovement rights have allowed European citizens to cross borders and\nparticipate more nearly as political and legal equals within the host\nsociety. At the same time, however, European citizenship has largely\nfailed to account for the past or future migration of third-country\nnationals (TCNs) - those who are not citizens of any Member State - into\nor within the European Union. As a result, the creation of European\ncitizenship has arguably had the unfortunate side effect of further\ndistinguishing and excluding TCNs from the emerging European society.\nThis Note argues that the current legal status of TCNs hinders successful\ndiversity management by individual Member States, undermines\nEuropean integration, and deprives TCNs of fundamental rights. The\nNote proposes that European citizenship should be expanded to allow\nTCNs to acquire European citizenship without the simultaneous \nauthority over the citizenship status of TCNs would benefit the project of\nmigrant integration into local, national, and transnational societies and\nhelp further the democratization of European governance. In addition, a\nredefined European citizenship could trigger a fundamental rethinking of\nnational citizenship, potentially undermine the destructive influence of\nthe extreme right, and, perhaps, lead to a more complete decoupling of the\npolitical and legal content of citizenshipfrom the idea of nation.
The Chemistry of Ultrasonic Degradation of Organic Compounds (2010)

The destruction of toxic organic molecules using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a potent tool for pollution control and environmental protection. Ultrasound is a convenient and effective method of generating hydroxyl radicals which is the key oxidant in AOPs. This review describes the use of ultrasound and associated chemical reactions, with and without additives, as a powerful means of remediating water contaminated with organic pollutants. After a brief introduction to ultrasound and sonochemistry, their application for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol and substituted phenols is considered. Next is the decomposition of chlorinated phenols, and other chlorinated organics, then removal of recalcitrant smaller organic molecules. A discussion follows of recent work that has investigated the effects of initial concentration of substrates; the use of different ultrasonic frequencies; the inclusion of oxidising species, inorganic particles, or salts and their contribution to enhanced degradation. Finally, brief comments are made on the status of ultrasound as an AOP treatment. Keywords: Sonication, degradation, oxidation, pollutants, hydroxyl radicals, advanced oxidation process, Ultrasonic Degradation, ultrasound, organic pollutants, sonochemistry, chlo-rinated phenols, multi-hyphenated processes, sono-electrochemistry, sonophotochemistry, sono-luminescene, hydrodynamic cavitational techniques, dimerisation, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), sono-degradation, radical scavenging, sonolysis, sonoproducts, Henry's Law constants, Fenton-like conditions, ultrasound irradiation, phenol mineralisation, advanced Fenton process, organic carbon (TOC), Degradation of Substituted Phenols, ar-gon-saturated water, oxidative-pyrolytic degradation, acoustic pressure, oestogenic activity, sono-Fenton process, fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus, humic acids, sonicator, HPLC analyses, bisphenol-A (BPA), classi-cal Fenton reaction, DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED ORGANICS, degrade aromatic pollutants, pyrolysis, copper catalysed Fenton reactions, Polychlorinated phenols, Pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2-chloro-5-methylphenol (2C5MP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, chlorobenzene (CB), Nitro-aromatics, zeolites, sonochemi-cal oxidation, sonochemical reactor, hexagonal flow cell, cup-horn reactor, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), geosmin (GSM), Ibuprofen (IBP)
Formation of Shallow Junctions by HCl-Based Si Etch Followed by Selective Epitaxy of B-Doped Si[sub 1−x]Ge[sub x] in RPCVD (2004)

Formation of shallow source/drain junctions by using HCl-based Si etch followed by selective deposition of in situ heavily B-doped SiGe in a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor is presented. The etching parameters were optimized to obtain a smooth surface prior to deposition of the SiGe layers. In the epitaxy process, SiGe layers with a resistivity of Ω cm were obtained by tuning the partial pressure of the B and Ge precursors. A problem with selectivity in the epitaxy step was encountered when combing the etch and growth processes, but a practical solution is presented. Integration issues such as loading effect, pile-up, and defect generation have also been investigated. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Increase of the Robustness of the junction terminations of power devices by a lateral variation of the Emitter Efficiency (2013)

A new diode technology called Emitter Controlled (EC)-HDR (High Dynamic Robustness) that allows a pronounced enhancement in switching safe-operating area has been developed. For the first time, the concept used for this drastic improvement is presented. The same principle has been applied to the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
Amino acid substitutions in membrane-spanning domains of Hol1, a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters, confer nonselective cation uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Selection for the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to take up histidinol, the biosynthetic precursor to histidine, results in dominant mutations at HOL1. The DNA sequence of HOL1 was determined, and it predicts a 65-kDa protein related to the major facilitator family (drug resistance subfamily) of putative transport proteins. Two classes of mutations were obtained: (i) those that altered the coding region of HOL1, conferring the ability to take up histidinol; and (ii) cis-acting mutations (selected in a mutant HOL1-1 background) that increased expression of the Hol1 protein. The ability to transport histidinol and other cations was conferred by single amino acid substitutions at any of three sites located within putative membrane-spanning domains of the transporter. These mutations resulted in the conversion of a small hydrophobic amino acid codon to a phenylalanine codon. Selection for spontaneous mutations that increase histidinol uptake by such HOL1 mutants resulted in mutations that abolish the putative start codon of a six-codon open reading frame located approximately 171 nucleotides downstream of the transcription initiation site and 213 nucleotides upstream of the coding region of HOL1. This single small upstream open reading frame (uORF) confers translational repression upon HOL1; genetic disruption of the putative start codon of the uORF results in a 5- to 10-fold increase in steady-state amounts of Hol1 protein without significantly affecting the level of HOL1 mRNA expression.
Antithrombotic and Bleeding Effects of a New Synthetic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor and of Standard Heparin in the Rabbit (1987)

This study reports on the anticoagulant, antithrombotic and bleeding effects of a new synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor (SDTI) in comparison with standard heparin (SH). The anticoagulant effect was determined with the thrombin clotting time (TCT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). SDTI was more potent than SH in prolonging the TCT, but as potent as SH in prolonging the APTT. The antithrombotic effect was determined using a modified Wessler model in the rabbit, either 30 min after a continuous IV infusion of increasing doses or at various times after a single SC injection (20 mg/kg). After continuous IV infusion of 187 micrograms/kg/h of SDTI and of 60 micrograms/kg/h of SH, significant thrombus prevention effects were obtained (59 and 57% respectively). Increasing the dose of SDTI up to 3000 micrograms/kg/h did not significantly improve the antithrombotic effect. After SC injection, a significant antithrombotic effect was observed for 12 h with SDTI but for more than 24 h with SH. The bleeding effect was studied using the rabbit ear model 15 min after a continuous infusion of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg/h: the amounts of blood loss were dose-dependent and comparable for SDTI and SH. These studies also indicated that SDTI possesses a considerable shorter half-life in comparison with SH. Accordingly, the ex vivo concentrations generated after continuous IV infusion or SC injection of the same dose were higher for SH than for the SDTI.
The Spread of Education and Fertility Decline: A Thai Province Level Test of Caldwell's "Wealth Flows" Theory. (1989)

Recent research by John Caldwell (1982) has suggested that the spread of mass education produces declines in fertility by helping to change the direction of wealth flow between generations within families. Thai province-level data are used to test several dimensions of Caldwells argument in the context of controls for other potential structural (e.e. ecological and political-economic) determinants of aggregate fertility decline. Strong support is found for hypotheses derived from wealth flows theory net of the support that is also found for selected ecological and political-economic hypotheses. (authors)
Ion effects in future circular and linear accelerators (2002)

In this paper, we discuss ion effects relevant to future storage rings and linear colliders. We first review the conventional ion effects observed in present storage rings and then discuss how these effects will differ in the next generation of rings and linacs. These future accelerators operate in a new regime because of the high current long bunch trains and the very small transverse beam emittances. Usually, storage rings are designed with ion clearing gaps to prevent ion trapping between bunch trains or beam revolutions. Regardless, ions generated within a single bunch train can have significant effects. The same is true in transport lines and linacs, where typical vacuum pressures are relatively high. Amongst other effects, we address the tune spreads due to the ions and the resulting filamentation which can severely limit emittance correction techniques in future linear colliders, the bunch-to-bunch coupling due to the ions which can cause a multi-bunch instability with fast growth rates, and the betatron coupling and beam halo creation which limit the vertical emittance and beam lifetimes.
A power-factor controller for single-phase PWM rectifiers (1999)

A novel power-factor controller for single-phase pulsewidth modulated rectifiers is proposed. The unity power-factor controller for a sinusoidal input current is derived using the feedback linearization concept. Two active switches and two diodes are utilized for AC-to-DC power conversion. Experimental results obtained on a 4 kW prototype are discussed.
Formamidinium tin-based perovskite with low E<sub>g</sub> for photovoltaic applications (2015)

A lead-free low bandgap organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite, formamidinium tin iodide, is introduced as a photovoltaic material.
Modelo econométrico multivariado para la evaluación de los costos de calidad en servicios de salud (2018)

El trabajo que se presenta se desarrolla en servicios de salud con el objetivo de determinar y aplicar un modelo econometrico multivariado que permite estimar y evaluar los costos de calidad, ha permitido cuantificar y evaluar el comportamiento de los costos de calidad, siendo de gran utilidad para generalizarlo a otros servicios. Los autores resaltan el uso de la tecnica multivariada de correlacion canonica, a traves de la cual se obtiene el modelo econometrico, el cual permitira a la direccion de la entidad mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones en relacion con los costos de calidad, permitiendo evaluar los niveles de eficiencia en los servicios de salud.
The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men vs Women (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> When men are depressed they may experience symptoms that are different than what is included in the current diagnostic criteria. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore whether sex disparities in depression rates disappear when alternative symptoms are considered in the place of, or in addition to, more conventional depression symptoms. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants, and Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally represented mental health survey, we evaluated sex differences in symptom endorsement in 2 new scales that included alternative depression symptoms. We analyzed sex differences in symptom endorsement using 2-sided, design-based, .05-level<i>t</i>tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of depression. <h3>Results</h3> Men reported higher rates of anger attacks/aggression, substance abuse, and risk taking compared with women. Analyses using the scale that included alternative, male-type symptoms of depression found that a higher proportion of men (26.3%) than women (21.9%) (<i>P</i> = .007) met criteria for depression. Analyses using the scale that included alternative and traditional depression symptoms found that men and women met criteria for depression in equal proportions: 30.6% of men and 33.3% of women (<i>P</i> = .57). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> When alternative and traditional symptoms are combined, sex disparities in the prevalence of depression are eliminated. Further study is needed to clarify which symptoms truly describe men’s experiences of depression.
Association of hemolysin production, hemagglutination of human erythrocytes, and virulence for chicken embryos of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolates (1978)

One hundred forty-two strains of Escherichia coli isolated from extraintestinal infections were examined for colicin V (ColV) and hemolysin (Hly) production. For comparison, 20 strains isolated from the feces of normal individuals and 12 enteropathogenic strains of E. coli were tested for these properties. Thirty-five to 59% of extraintestinal isolates were Hly+, but only one fecal strain was Hly+. Colicin V biosynthesis was found for 12% of blood culture isolates, 7% of urine culture isolates and 16% of the strains from other extraintestinal infections. None of the fecal isolates was ColV+. Selected strains were tested for virulence in 13-day-old chicken embryos; these same strains were tested for their ability to hemagglutinate chicken or human erythrocytes. Of 22 extraintestinal isolates, 13 (59%) killed greater than or equal to 60% of the embryos within 72 h. Only one of eight normal fecal isolates and two of three enteropathogenic strains tested were virulent. About 80% of the virulent strains were Hly+. The most striking finding, however, was the hemagglutination of human erythrocytes by virulent extraintestinal isolates. It seems possible that the hemagglutination property reflects a specific common adherence factor.
Assumptions and preliminary reading (1995)

A detailed analysis of Luke 14.1–24 in later chapters begs for treatment of some preliminary matters. First, it is appropriate to outline several elements of a canopy of assumptions concerning the characteristics of Lukan authorship and manner of composition in whose shade I plan to work.
Potentiometric dyes: Imaging electrical activity of cell membranes (1996)

Abstract
Highly Stereoselective Allylic Alkylations of Peptides (2006)

Help from the neighbors: Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations are extremely suitable for the stereoselective introduction of unsaturated side chains to peptides (see scheme; TFA=trifluoroacetate). The chiral information of the peptide can be used to control the formation of the new stereogenic center. In general, S amino acids induce the formation of R-configured amino acids.