gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image-based flexible endoscope steering (2010)

Manually steering the tip of a flexible endoscope to navigate through an endoluminal path relies on the physician's dexterity and experience. In this paper we present the realization of a robotic flexible endoscope steering system that uses the endoscopic images to control the tip orientation towards the direction of the lumen. Two image-based control algorithms are investigated, one is based on the optical flow and the other is based on the image intensity. Both are evaluated using simulations in which the endoscope was steered through the lumen. The RMS distance to the lumen center was less than 25% of the lumen width. An experimental setup was built using a standard flexible endoscope, and the image-based control algorithms were used to actuate the wheels of the endoscope for tip steering. Experiments were conducted in an anatomical model to simulate gastroscopy. The image intensity-based algorithm was capable of steering the endoscope tip through an endoluminal path from the mouth to the duodenum accurately. Compared to manual control, the robotically steered endoscope performed 68% better in terms of keeping the lumen centered in the image.
Neuromodulation and the life-changing advances in this area of medical technology (2022)

By using the science and technological advances of neuromodulation to develop a network of neurological responses connecting the brain with the legs, three paralysed men have been able to walk again. Sarah Jane Palmer discusses the technique used and how this can pave the way for a hopeful future for others with paralysis.
Electrical conductivity in Li2O2 and its role in determining capacity limitations in non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries (2011)

Non-aqueous Li-air or Li-O(2) cells show considerable promise as a very high energy density battery couple. Such cells, however, show sudden death at capacities far below their theoretical capacity and this, among other problems, limits their practicality. In this paper, we show that this sudden death arises from limited charge transport through the growing Li(2)O(2) film to the Li(2)O(2)-electrolyte interface, and this limitation defines a critical film thickness, above which it is not possible to support electrochemistry at the Li(2)O(2)-electrolyte interface. We report both electrochemical experiments using a reversible internal redox couple and a first principles metal-insulator-metal charge transport model to probe the electrical conductivity through Li(2)O(2) films produced during Li-O(2) discharge. Both experiment and theory show a "sudden death" in charge transport when film thickness is ~5 to 10 nm. The theoretical model shows that this occurs when the tunneling current through the film can no longer support the electrochemical current. Thus, engineering charge transport through Li(2)O(2) is a serious challenge if Li-O(2) batteries are ever to reach their potential.
HLA Class I Knockout Converts Allogeneic Primary NK Cells Into Suitable Effectors for “Off-the-Shelf” Immunotherapy (2021)

Cellular immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) so far has almost exclusively used autologous peripheral blood-derived T cells as immune effector cells. However, harvesting sufficient numbers of T cells is often challenging in heavily pre-treated patients with malignancies and perturbed hematopoiesis and perturbed hematopoiesis. Also, such a CAR product will always be specific for the individual patient. In contrast, NK cell infusions can be performed in non-HLA-matched settings due to the absence of alloreactivity of these innate immune cells. Still, the infused NK cells are subject to recognition and rejection by the patient's immune system, thereby limiting their life-span <i>in vivo</i> and undermining the possibility for multiple infusions. Here, we designed genome editing and advanced lentiviral transduction protocols to render primary human NK cells unsusceptible/resistant to an allogeneic response by the recipient's CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. After knocking-out surface expression of HLA class I molecules by targeting the B2M gene <i>via</i> CRISPR/Cas9, we also co-expressed a single-chain HLA-E molecule, thereby preventing NK cell fratricide of B2M-knockout (KO) cells <i>via</i> "missing self"-induced lysis. Importantly, these genetically engineered NK cells were functionally indistinguishable from their unmodified counterparts with regard to their phenotype and their natural cytotoxicity towards different AML cell lines. In co-culture assays, B2M-KO NK cells neither induced immune responses of allogeneic T cells nor re-activated allogeneic T cells which had been expanded/primed using irradiated PBMNCs of the respective NK cell donor. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of genome editing in primary allogeneic NK cells to diminish their recognition and killing by mismatched T cells and is an important prerequisite for using non-HLA-matched primary human NK cells as readily available, "off-the-shelf" immune effectors for a variety of immunotherapy indications in human cancer.
The Effect of Particle Loading, Size, and Temperature on Deposition in a Vane Leading Edge Impingement Cooling Geometry (2016)

Experiments have been performed to assess the effects of particle loading, size, and temperature on flow blockage development in a geometry representative of a gas turbine nozzle guide vane leading edge. Tests with Arizona Road Dust in 0–5, 0–10, and 0–20 micron nominal size distributions showed that particle loading rates had no substantial impact on flow blockage development over the 700–866 K temperature range. Tests with the 0–10 micron dust at various flow temperatures indicated a first order effect of temperature on blockage development, particularly for temperatures above 700 K. Testing with 5–10 and 10–20 micron size distributions revealed a clear distinction between the effects of different particle sizes. Evaluation of the experimental data and particle size distributions indicated that particles smaller than 3.25 microns were primarily responsible for blockage development, a result which was further corroborated using a physics-based deposition model. Particles larger than 5 microns were shown to produce a removal mechanism, both for deposits that are in the process of growing and for those which are already established. Overall, the experiments indicate that comparisons between laboratory scale deposition studies and data from field serviced engine hardware can be reliably made in spite of large variations in the rate of particle loading. However, parameters such as flow temperature and particle size should be closely matched when performing experiments, as these have a first order effect on blockage development.
Deployment of mobile agents in the mobile telephone network management (2005)

Mobile agents are autonomous, asynchronous and, optionally, intelligent software entities which can migrate to and reside in a number of network nodes. In our proposal mobile agents are used for collecting subscriber information on the terminal side in mobile communication networks. Mobile agents are sent out by the network part for collecting information, such as location area identifier and cell identifier, from the area the subscriber is passing by (e.g. base station). By using a subscriber profile containing these data the number of signaling messages caused by location update could be reduced. Also, by analyzing these data the network provider would be able to discover areas without proper radio signal coverage. For future generations of mobile networks, such as the European Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), the proposed use of mobile agents could be enhanced by the possibility of using mobile stations as relay stations.
Molecular cloning and sequence determination of four different cDNA species coding for α‐subunits of G proteins from <i>Xenopus laevis</i> oocytes (1990)

A cDNA library prepared from Xenopus laevis oocytes in lambda gt10 was screened with a mixture of three oligonucleotide probes designed to detect sequences found in different mammalian genes coding for alpha-subunits of G-proteins. In addition to a clone coding for a G alpha o-type subunit previously reported [(1989) FEBS Lett. 244, 188-192] four additional clones have been found coding for different G alpha protein subunits. By comparison with mammalian alpha-subunits, these oocyte cDNAs correspond to two closely related G alpha s-1a, to a G alpha i-1 and to a G alpha i-3 species. The derived amino acid sequences showed that both G alpha s species contain 379 residues, corresponding to the short species without the serine residue and with a calculated Mr of 42720. The G alpha i-1 gene encodes a 354 amino acid protein with an Mr of 39,000 and the G alpha i-3 encodes an incomplete open reading frame of 345 residues, lacking the first 9 amino acid residues at the NH2 terminus. All these G alpha-subunits showed high identity with their respective mammalian counterparts (75-80%), indicating a great degree of conservation through the evolution and the important cellular regulatory function that they play.
RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN DERIVED FROM SURIMI WASH‐WATER (2012)

ABSTRACT Surimi processors are committed to improve utilization of seafood resources, increase productivity and reduce organic matter discharged into the environment. The object of this study was to recover protein from pollock surimi processing wash‐water using membrane filtration and characterize properties of the recovered material. A pilot unit equipped with membrane elements concentrated protein from the surimi wash‐water. Membrane concentrate and control surimi samples were analyzed for proximate composition, lipid oxidation, color, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, amino acids and minerals. Membrane concentrate, membrane concentrate plus surimi and control surimi were monitored for 180 days of storage at −20C. The membrane concentrate had significantly higher moisture and lipid, but lower protein content than surimi. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, membrane concentrate proteins displayed a greater amount of lower molar mass molecules compared with surimi. The amino acid profile was comparable to control surimi and the recovered membrane concentrate proteins had similar nutritional values to that of surimi. The results indicate that the addition of 5% membrane concentrate to surimi will not adversely affect the storage at −20C and that the recovered wash‐water protein could be used to obtain a fish protein ingredient or added back at a low percentage to surimi products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In order to increase productivity and improve utilization of seafood resources, surimi processors are looking into alternative technologies to recover proteins and other material from the wastewater. Membrane filtration is a promising option for the concentration of wastewater. This study was conducted to determine the recovery and characterize the material recovered from surimi wash‐water using a commercial membrane filtration unit. It was demonstrated that the recoverable material is nutritionally similar to the final surimi product and that the overall yield can be increased using membrane technology. In addition to the benefit of recovering protein, the membrane filtration can reduce the amount of material in the waste stream.
Lifelong Learning for Sentiment Classification (2015)

Zhiyuan Chen, Nianzu Ma, Bing Liu. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
Process disturbance identification using independent component analysis with CART approach (2007)

In the past few years, many studies have been conducted about the integrated use of statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) because applying them separately cannot control the manufacturing process optimally. And most of these studies reported that the integration outperforms than using only SPC or EPC. Basically, the former aims to rapidly detect assignable causes and time points for abnormalities that take place during process; and the latter is a method in which input variables are adjusted against process outputs through a feedback control mechanism. However, though combining SPC with EPC can effectively detect time points when abnormalities occur during process, using these two conventional tools may give false alarms in most cases if process data are auto-correlated to some extent. In this study, to increase the accuracy of process disturbance identification, we used independent component analysis (ICA) with classification and regression tree (CART) approach to identify and recognize shifts in the correlated process parameters.
Downregulation of miR-144 is associated with colorectal cancer progression via activation of mTOR signaling pathway (2012)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a downstream integrator of essential pathways. mTOR signaling is frequently dysregulated in a variety of human cancers, and in silico analysis has revealed two miR-144 binding sites in the mTOR 3' untranslated region. We investigated the clinicopathologic magnitude of the mTOR pathway regulating microRNA, miR-144 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. The regulation of mTOR by miR-144 was examined with inhibitor miR-144-transfected cells. We also investigated changes in sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, in inhibitor miR-144-transfected cells. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of miR-144 expression in 137 CRC. Furthermore, we assessed the correlation between CRC prognosis and the expression of 16 genes in the Akt/mTOR pathway. In vitro assays showed that mTOR is a direct target of miR-144, and downregulation of miR-144 facilitated proliferation of CRC cell line, HT29. In addition, the viability of HT29 cells with downregulated miR-144 expression was significantly reduced with rapamycin treatment. Low expression levels of miR-144 were associated with enhanced malignant potential such as venous invasion (P = 0.0013), liver metastasis (P = 0.08), liver recurrence (P = 0.0058) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0041). Multivariate analysis indicated that low miR-144 expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Among many genes consisting of the mTOR pathway, only high expression of Rictor was associated with poor prognosis of CRC. miR-144 is a meaningful prognostic marker. Downregulation of miR-144 leads to poor prognosis of CRC patients via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway.
A novel approach for the suppression of photorespiration in C 3 plants by gene transfer (2004)

In the present study, a novel principle is proposed to increase the CO2 concentration in the vicinity of Rubisco thereby suppressing photorespiration in C3 plants. The pathway is derived from E. coli and converts the glycolate formed during photorespiration into glycerate. Three enzymatic activities are required: Glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), Glyoxylate carboligase (GCL), and Tratronic semialdehyde reductase (TSR). In order to establish the pathway in the chloroplast of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), all necessary genes were cloned in both prokaryotic and plant expression vectors in N-terminal translational fusion to a His-tag. The genes were first expressed in bacteria and the enzymatic activity of the constructs was shown. Transgenic tobacco plants were created containing all genes necessary for the proposed pathway by plastdial as well as nuclear transformation. Plastidial transformation was done by constructing a single polycistronic operon with five open reading frames. Nuclear transformation was performed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of single or double constructs. Plastid transformants were checked by southern blot analysis. Many transgenic plants with a variable size of shortened transgenic sequences were detected. Moreover, many of the transgenic plants also displayed drastic chlorosis and stunted growth. However, few plants showed integration of the complete operon and the next generation of those plants is currently analysed. Initially, transgenic plants containing TSR and GCL were created by nuclear transformation due to the lack of a suitable glycolate oxidising enzyme. Variable amounts of foreign proteins were detected in Western blots. Enzymatic assays showed that the proteins are active in planta. However transgenic plants containing GCL protein again showed a chlorotic phenotype. A putative open reading frame was identified in the Arabidopsis genome sequence with homology to glycolate-oxidizing enzymes. The open reading frame was cloned and expressed in bacteria. Enzymatic assays and complementation tests showed that the protein is indeed a glycolate dehydrogenase. The gene is preferentially expressed in illuminated leaves and the enzyme is located inside the mitochondria. This protein forms an optimised starting point for the completion of the proposed pathway.
Introduction (2008)

Debates on labour institutions and regulations have taken on new urgency in the current era of globalization. Disappointing job growth and poor-quality jobs continue to characterize the labour markets of many developing countries, even in those countries that have experienced high rates of economic growth. Some critics argue that labour laws are overly burdensome, making it difficult to hire workers and costly to dismiss them. Indeed, since 2003 the International Finance Corporation, the private sector arm of the World Bank, has ranked countries according to their ‘ease of a doing business’, including regulations associated with ‘employing workers’. The belief is that onerous regulations concerning hiring workers on temporary contracts, paying large amounts of severance on dismissal, restrictive working hours and too high payroll taxes have hampered investment and stalled job growth, causing the poor to suffer more than they already do. But are rigid labour markets really to blame? Is deregulation therefore the answer?
MakeML : automated machine learning from data to predictions (2018)

Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Chemical, Physical, and Electrical Characterizations of Oxygen Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposited Yttrium Oxide on Silicon (2003)

Understanding and controlling interface and bulk chemical stability of chemical vapor deposited high-k dielectrics is an important research issue. We report thin films deposited by oxygen plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition using two yttrium diketonate precursors. Unacceptable large hysteresis in capacitance-voltage data, presumably due to the incorporation of fluorine, is observed for the films from the F-containing precursor. For films deposited with the hydrogenated precursor and exposed to air after deposition, transmission electron microscopy shows a triple layer structure after annealing, and electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the film to be stoichiometric on top and yttrium at dielectric/Si interface. This structure is also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Prenitridation of the silicon surface prior to dielectric deposition impedes the reaction with the substrate, promoting the structure. A substantial consumption of silicon substrate is directly demonstrated by a carefully designed etching experiment. Possible mechanisms consistent with the observed results, including Si diffusion, crystallization of and reaction with absorbed OH, are discussed. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
ADVANCES IN WEATHER TECHNOLOGY: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (2001)

This presentation discusses some of the aviation safety research and development (RD cockpit graphical weather information displays; and visibility forecasting. Other R&D areas are briefly discussed.
A new double-heterostructure optoelectronic switching device using molecular-beam epitaxy (1986)

Two-terminal switching action is observed in a new optoelectronic device structure. The device has a high-impedance state without light emission and a low-impedance state characterized by strong spontaneous emission. The transition from either state to the other may be induced by the appropriate optical or electrical input. It is clear that with the appropriate optical cavity construction the switching device will operate as a laser in the on state rather than in the spontaneous mode reported here. In principle, the device offers large digital optical gain determined by its optical sensitivity and its maximum output power.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a rice blast-inducible RING-H2 type Zinc finger gene (2006)

A novel blast-inducible RING-H2 type zinc finger protein gene OsRING-1 was cloned from rice by cDNA library screening. OsRING-1 is 1670 bp in length and encodes a 46.6 kDa basic protein with two transmembrane (TM) domains, a basic domain (BD), a conserved domain (CD), a RING finger domain and a serine rich (S-rich) domain. By database search, OsRING-1 was mapped on chromosome 2 and clustered together with other six zinc finger genes. The promoter sequence analysis of OsRING-1 gene revealed that some ABA, GA, ethylene, wound, drought, heat stress and pathogen infection responsive elements were found within the OsRING-1 promoter region. Northern analysis showed that OsRING-1 was induced in different degree by pathogen infections, SA, ABA, JA and ethephon (ET) treatments. Tissue expression analysis showed that OsRING-1 was constitutively strongly expressed in roots, but faintly in stems, leaves and sheaths. Taken together, OsRING-1, as a novel C3H2C3-type zinc finger protein involved in many stress responses in rice might plays a role as a transcription regulator in plant stress response signal transduction pathways.
Android Apps for Absolute Beginners (2012)

Because this is a book for absolute beginners, we start at the very beginning-showing where to download, and how to install, the various Android, Java, and Eclipse environments. We also show how to configure these environments, and how to set them up for application development and testing. We even show how and where to download the other leading-edge new media tools (GIMP, for instance) that you will use in conjunction with the primary Android development tools.
Highlights in the Discovery of Antiviral Drugs: A Personal Retrospective (2009)

status: Published