gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lossless compression of already compressed textures (2011)

Texture compression helps rendering by reducing the footprint in graphics memory, thus allowing for more textures, and by lowering the number of memory accesses between the graphics processor and memory, increasing performance and lowering power consumption. Compared to image compression methods like JPEG however, textures codecs are typically much less efficient, which is a problem when downloading the texture over a network or reading it from disk. Therefore, in this paper we investigate lossless compression of already compressed textures. By predicting compression parameters in the image domain instead of in the parameter domain, a more efficient representation is obtained compared to using general compression such as ZIP or LZMA. This works well also for pixel indices that have previously proved hard to compress. A 4-bit-per-pixel format can thus be compressed to around 2.3 bits per pixel (bpp), or 9.6% of the original size, compared to around 3.0 bpp when using ZIP or 2.8 bpp using LZMA. Compressing the original images with JPEG to the same quality also gives 2.3 bpp, meaning that texture compression followed by our packing is on par with JPEG in terms of compression efficiency.
TH‐C‐BRC‐03: An Image‐Guided Micro‐Radiotherapy System Based On Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Technology for Small Animal Irradiation for Cancer Research (2009)

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of a nanotechnology‐based micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and micro‐radiotherapy (micro‐RT) integrated system (micro‐CT‐RT) that delivers real‐time image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for small animal irradiation. Materials and Methods: Carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission (FE) based x‐ray technology is used for the development of the multi‐pixel x‐ray beam array micro‐RT system. The multi‐pixel x‐ray beam array has individual pixel control to electronically shape the radiation field and form intensity modulation patterns in the irradiated object. Monte Carlo based dosimetric simulations and electro‐optical simulations have been performed to guide the micro‐RT system design. Results: A prototype multi‐pixel beam array micro‐RT system was designed and fabricated. The prototype can successfully generate a 5 × 10 x‐ray beam array which offers a maximum radiation field size of 10 mm x 20 mm . Each beam can produce a dose rate on the order of 1 Gy/min at the center of the irradiated object. Conclusions: The feasibility to fabricate a multi‐pixel beam array micro‐RT system based on CNT FE technology is demonstrated. The prototype micro‐RT can generate a 5 × 10 x‐ray beam array which offers a maximum radiation field size of 10 mm × 20 mm in the irradiated object. The system is still under testing and performance improvement. Once fully developed, the micro‐RT system will be integrated with the nanotechnology‐based prototype micro‐CT already developed for real time image‐guided IMRT and treatment response observation in small animals.
Process monitoring of laser welding using chromatic filtering of thermal radiation (2000)

An innovative real-time weld monitoring technique using chromatic filtering of the thermal radiation from a weld pool is developed. The thermal radiation from the weld pool is focused onto an aperture and the transmitted thermal radiation is monitored at two wavelengths with high-speed single-element detectors. Owing to the chromatic aberration introduced in the focusing optics, the transmittance curve of thermal radiation varies according to the wavelength. Owing to this difference in the transmittance, the local variation of thermal radiation from the weld pool can be monitored by recording the two spectral signals from the two detectors. In this paper, the algorithms used to monitor the laser power on the weld specimen and the focus shift of the focusing optics are investigated and the performance of laser power and focus monitoring for pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding is shown.
Building User-defined Runtime Adaptation Routines for Stream Processing\n Applications (2012)

Stream processing applications are deployed as continuous queries that run\nfrom the time of their submission until their cancellation. This deployment\nmode limits developers who need their applications to perform runtime\nadaptation, such as algorithmic adjustments, incremental job deployment, and\napplication-specific failure recovery. Currently, developers do runtime\nadaptation by using external scripts and/or by inserting operators into the\nstream processing graph that are unrelated to the data processing logic. In\nthis paper, we describe a component called orchestrator that allows users to\nwrite routines for automatically adapting the application to runtime\nconditions. Developers build an orchestrator by registering and handling events\nas well as specifying actuations. Events can be generated due to changes in the\nsystem state (e.g., application component failures), built-in system metrics\n(e.g., throughput of a connection), or custom application metrics (e.g.,\nquality score). Once the orchestrator receives an event, users can take\nadaptation actions by using the orchestrator actuation APIs. We demonstrate the\nuse of the orchestrator in IBM's System S in the context of three different\napplications, illustrating application adaptation to changes on the incoming\ndata distribution, to application failures, and on-demand dynamic composition.\n
High spectral efficiency optical CDMA system based on guard-time and optical hard-limiting (OHL) (2008)

Optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) is an interesting subject of research because of its potential to support asynchronous, bursty communications. OCDMA has been investigated for local area networks, access networks, and, more recently, as a packet label for emerging networks. Two-dimensional (2-D) OCDMA codes are preferred in current research because of the flexibility of designing the codes and their higher cardinality and spectral efficiency (SE) compared with direct sequence codes based on on-off keying and intensity modulation/direct detection, and because they lend themselves to being implemented with devices developed for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission (the 2-D codes typically combine wavelength and time as the two dimensions of the codes). This paper shows rigorously that 2-D wavelength/time codes have better SE than one-dimensional (1-D) CDMA/WDM combinations (of the same cardinality). Then, the paper describes a specific set of wavelength/time (W/T) codes and their implementation. These 2-D codes are high performance because they simultaneously have high cardinality (/spl Gt/10), per-user high bandwidth (>1 Gb/s), and high SE (>0.10 b/s/Hz). The physical implementation of these W/T codes is described and their performance evaluated by system simulations and measurements on an OCDMA technology demonstrator. This research shows that OCDMA implementation complexity (e.g., incorporating double hard-limiting and interference estimation) can be avoided by using a guard time in the codes and an optical hard limiter in the receiver.
Four- and Eight-Port Photonic Switches Monolithically Integrated with Digital CMOS Logic and Driver Circuits (2013)

We demonstrate in a single chip a complete multiport photonic switching system using IBM 90-nm photonics-enabled CMOS. The system includes CMOS logic, switch drivers, multistage 4×4 and 8×8 photonic switch fabrics, and thermo-optic phase tuners.
Linear MMSE space-time equalizer for MIMO multicode CDMA systems (2006)

We propose an enhanced chip-level linear space-time (ST) equalizer for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multicode code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. In the MIMO multicode CDMA systems, the reuse of the same spreading codes in different transmit antennas significantly degrades the equalization performance if the ST equalizer uses a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) weighting vector that minimizes the mean-squared error of the equalizer output chip sequence. As the CDMA despreader concatenated to an ST equalizer distorts interstream interference components differently from multipath interference and background noise components, the chip-level MMSE weighting vector usually steers in suboptimal directions in the signal space. Therefore, we propose a new MMSE weighting vector that takes the despreading effect into account in this paper. Simulation results show a substantial performance improvement through the new weighting vector.
Increasing the ESD protection capability of over-voltage NMOS structures by comb-ballasting region design (2003)

The objective of this study is to find a generic design solution for the cascoded snapback NMOS that delivers robust operation and eliminates the requirement for an additional ESD implant. In addition, the research goal of this study is to understand the physical failure mechanism, taking into account the non-linear effects of NMOS snapback, and to provide, at a minimum, a phenomenological explanation of the observed trends resulting from the analysis of Si based experiments.
Benzoins and cyclobenzoins in supramolecular and polymer chemistry (2018)

Benzoin condensation is one of the oldest rigorously described organic reactions, having been discovered in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler. It creates a new C-C bond and a stereocenter from ubiquitous aldehyde starting materials under simple cyanide-catalyzed conditions. We have recently discovered cyclobenzoins: a class of macrocyclic compounds prepared by a benzoin cyclooligomerization of simple aromatic dialdehydes. Cyclobenzoins' internal cavities suggest they should be intriguing solution-phase supramolecular hosts, while their crystallographic packing aligns these cavities into potentially useful pores in the solid state. Well-precedented derivatization chemistry allows rapid functionalization into heteroacenes, which are optoelectronic materials and models for graphene defects. This Feature Article summarizes our work on cyclobenzoins, together with other applications of benzoins in supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
Reduced-order modeling of large linear subcircuits via a block Lanczos algorithm (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Reduced-order modeling of large linear subcircuits via a block Lanczos algorithm Authors: P. Feldmann AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJView Profile , R. W. Freund AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '95: Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJanuary 1995 Pages 474–479https://doi.org/10.1145/217474.217573Online:01 January 1995Publication History 139citation497DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads497Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Trienzymatic Complex System for Isomerization of Agar-Derived <scp>d</scp>-Galactose into <scp>d</scp>-Tagatose as a Low-Calorie Sweetener (2020)

d-Tagatose is a rare monosaccharide that is used in products in the food industry as a low-calorie sweetener. To facilitate biological conversion of d-tagatose, the agarolytic enzyme complexes based on the principle of the cellulosome structure were constructed through dockerin-cohesin interaction with the scaffoldin. The construction of agarolytic complexes composed of l-arabinose isomerase caused efficient isomerization activity on the agar-derived sugars. In a trienzymatic complex, the chimeric β-agarase (cAgaB) and anhydro-galactosidase (cAhgA) from <i>Zobellia galactanivorans</i> could synergistically hydrolyze natural agar substrates and l-arabinose isomerase (LsAraA Doc) from <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> 23K could convert d-galactose into d-tagatose. The trienzymatic complex increased the concentration of d-tagatose from the agar substrate to 4.2 g/L. Compared with the monomeric enzyme, the multimeric enzyme showed a 1.4-fold increase in tagatose production, good thermostability, and reusability. A residual activity of 75% remained, and 52% of conversion was noted after five recycles. These results indicated that the dockerin-fused chimeric enzymes on the scaffoldin successfully isomerized d-galactose into d-tagatose with synergistic activity. Thus, the results demonstrated the possibility of advancing efficient strategies for utilizing red algae as a biomass source to produce d-tagatose in the industrial food field that uses marine biomass as the feedstock.
Manipulating Liquids With Acoustic Radiation Pressure Phased Arrays (1999)

High-intensity ultrasound waves can produce the effects of "Acoustic Radiation Pressure" (ARP) and "acoustic streaming." These effects can be used to propel liquid flows and to apply forces that can be used to move or manipulate floating objects or liquid surfaces. NASA's interest in ARP includes the remote-control agitation of liquids and the manipulation of bubbles and drops in liquid experiments and propellant systems. A high level of flexibility is attained by using a high-power acoustic phased array to generate, steer, and focus a beam of acoustic waves. This is called an Acoustic Radiation Pressure Phased Array, or ARPPA. In this approach, many acoustic transducer elements emit wavelets that converge into a single beam of sound waves. Electronically coordinating the timing, or "phase shift," of the acoustic waves makes it possible to form a beam with a predefined direction and focus. Therefore, a user can direct the ARP force at almost any desired point within a liquid volume. ARPPA lets experimenters manipulate objects anywhere in a test volume. This flexibility allow it to be used for multiple purposes, such as to agitate liquids, deploy and manipulate drops or bubbles, and even suppress sloshing in spacecraft propellant tanks.
Fast and mechanistic ultrasound simulation using a point source/receiver approach (2013)

Ultrasound simulators relying on impulse response methods are faithful to the mechanisms of image formation from the underlying radio-frequency signals, but as a result tend to be relatively slow. At the other extreme are fast techniques, often motivated by the development of teaching and training simulators, which approximate the image formation processes rather than rigorously modeling the underlying physics. Previously, we have shown that transmit field distributions from linear phased-array transducers can be modeled accurately and efficiently using arrays of point sources. This approach is now extended to point sources/receivers, which allows for simulation of the transmit/receive fields, and thus the physical processes underlying ultrasound image formation. Field distributions and fast-time signals are shown to compare favorably to those obtained using the impulse response method. Doppler spectrogram and B-mode images derived from these signals also show excellent agreement with the results obtained using the impulse response method, but with a computational savings of nearly two orders of magnitude. Because of the inherent simplicity of our Fast and Mechanistic Ultrasound Simulation (FAMUS) approach, CPU parallelization was readily achieved, and further orders of magnitude speed improvements, and thus real-time performance, can be anticipated via extension to modern graphics processing units.
Capacity Enhancement via Multi-Mode Adaptation in Spatially Correlated MIMO Channels (2006)

We consider a low-complexity adaptive MIMO transmission approach for spatially correlated channels. The proposed scheme adaptively switches between different transmission modes depending on the changing channel conditions, as a means to enhance system capacity. Each mode is a combination of a transmission technique (i.e. statistical beamforming, double space-time transmit diversity and spatial multiplexing) and a modulation/coding scheme. We first motivate our adaptive algorithm by deriving new closed-form capacity expressions, and demonstrating significant information theoretic improvements over non-adaptive transmission. We then present a practical method to switch between different modes, based on the channel statistics. Our approach is shown to yield significant improvements in spectral efficiency for typical channel scenarios.
Bucillamine Prevents Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (2001)

Injury during reperfusion can partially offset the benefit of relief of ischemia in myocardial infarctions rapidly treated with thrombolytic drugs or angioplasty. We assessed whether bucillamine (N-[2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-cysteine) is potentially useful to treat myocardial reperfusion injury. Bucillamine is a potent sulfhydryl donor not previously tested as a treatment of reperfusion injury. Cardiac myocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide or a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system resulting in injury-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase. Bucillamine (125-500 microM) prevented lactate dehydrogenase release in a concentration-dependent manner. Bucillamine, which has two donatable thiol groups, was twice as protective as N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine, which contains a single donatable thiol group. Dogs were then exposed to 90 min of coronary artery occlusion and 48 h of reperfusion before sacrifice. Beginning at the onset of reperfusion, bucillamine, 11 or 22 mg/kg per hour, or vehicle (saline) was administered intravenously for 3 h. There was a dose-related response to bucillamine for infarct size, normalized for size of the region at risk and adjusted for collateral blood flow to the ischemic region. Infarct size was reduced by 41% in the group treated with bucillamine 22 mg/kg per hour, compared with the vehicle group. Bucillamine, probably through an antioxidant mechanism, reduced infarct size when administered during reperfusion.
Advanced ignition and propulsion technology program (1998)

This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Reliable engine re-ignition plays a crucial role in enabling commercial and military aircraft to fly safely at high altitudes. This project addressed research elements critical to the optimization of laser-based igniter. The effort initially involved a collaborative research and development agreement with B.F. Goodrich Aerospace and Laser Fare, Inc. The work involved integrated experiments with theoretical modeling to provide a basic understanding of the chemistry and physics controlling the laser-induced ignition of fuel aerosols produced by turbojet engine injectors. In addition, the authors defined advanced laser igniter configurations that minimize laser packaging size, weight, complexity and power consumption. These innovative ignition concepts were shown to reliably ignite jet fuel aerosols over a broad range of fuel/air mixture and a t fuel temperatures as low as -40 deg F. The demonstrated fuel ignition performance was highly superior to that obtained by the state-of-the-art, laser-spark ignition method utilizing comparable laser energy. The authors also developed a laser-based method that effectively removes optically opaque deposits of fuel hydrocarbon combustion residues from laser window surfaces. Seven patents have been either issued or are pending that resulted from the technology developments within this project.
SSIRI 2009 Short Paper Checking Service Instance Protection for AMF Configurations (2009)

An AMF configuration is a logical organization of resources, components and Service Units (SUs) grouped into Service Groups (SGs), for providing and protecting services defined as Service Instances (SIs). The assignment of SIs to SUs is a runtime operation performed by the Availability Management Framework (AMF) implementation. However, ensuring the capability of the provisioning and the protection of the SIs by the configured resources is a configuration issue. In other words, a configuration is valid if and only if it is capable of providing and protecting the services as required and according to the specified redundancy model. Ensuring this may require the exploration of all possible SI-SU assignments and in some cases different combinations of SIs, a complex procedure in most redundancy models defined in the AMF standard specification. In this paper, we explore the problem of SI protection at configuration time; we investigate and discuss its complexity and identify some special and more tractable cases.
Expression of naturally ionic liquid-tolerant thermophilic cellulases in Aspergillus niger (2017)

Efficient deconstruction of plant biomass is a major barrier to the development of viable lignocellulosic biofuels. Pretreatment with ionic liquids reduces lignocellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis, increasing yields of sugars for conversion into biofuels. However, commercial cellulases are not compatible with many ionic liquids, necessitating extensive water washing of pretreated biomass prior to hydrolysis. To circumvent this issue, previous research has demonstrated that several thermophilic bacterial cellulases can efficiently deconstruct lignocellulose in the presence of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimadizolium acetate. As promising as these enzymes are, they would need to be produced at high titer in an industrial enzyme production host before they could be considered a viable alternative to current commercial cellulases. Aspergillus niger has been used to produce high titers of secreted enzymes in industry and therefore, we assessed the potential of this organism to be used as an expression host for these ionic liquid-tolerant cellulases. We demonstrated that 29 of these cellulases were expressed at detectable levels in a wild-type strain of A. niger, indicating a basic level of compatibility and potential to be produced at high levels in a host engineered to produce high titers of enzymes. We then profiled one of these enzymes in detail, the β-glucosidase A5IL97, and compared versions expressed in both A. niger and Escherichia coli. This comparison revealed the enzymatic activity of A5IL97 purified from E. coli and A. niger is equivalent, suggesting that A. niger could be an excellent enzyme production host for enzymes originally characterized in E. coli, facilitating the transition from the laboratory to industry.
Broadband Silicon Photonic Switch Integrated with CMOS Drive Electronics (2010)

A CMOS driver and broadband silicon photonic switch are co-designed and wire-bond packaged. The integrated switch demonstrates less than 2.1-ns transition times, better than 15-dB extinction, and 5.9-mW total power consumption.
Novel systolic implementation of modular multiplication for large operands (1998)

A novel systolic linear array modular multiplier is presented which ideally performs the parallel modular multiplication based on the algorithm of Montgomery. The total execution time for an n bit modular multiplication is 2n+11 clock cycles. To further increase the throughput the three stage pipeline architecture is adopted inside the processing element, so that every one bit result outputs at one clock cycle when the pipeline is filled. Each pipeline stage only contains the operation of an one bit full adder. Moreover, with the purely nearest neighbor communication, the interconnect delay is also very short. Therefore it can work at a high clock frequency. On the other hand, every processing element is simple, mainly consisting of four full adders and fourteen flip flops. For n bit modular multiplication, the cost of the hardware is 46 n +184 gates. So this novel linear systolic array for modular multiplication is a speed and area optimized system, suitable for the VLSI implementation. It can be used for modular exponentiation which is a kernel operation in many public key cryptosystems such as RSA. With clock frequency of 200MHz by using 0.8μm CMOS technology, the throughput can reach 129kb/s with a single modular multiplier chip.