gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot plant unit for a cross-flow microfiltration and ultrafiltration of fermentation broths (1999)

A detailed description of an automated pilot plant unit of our original design is given. The operating parameters such as transmembrane pressure drop, cross-flow velocity, permeate flow rate, temperature and pH can be controlled and continuously monitored during test runs. The pilot plant operation is controlled by an industrial programmable logic controller, connected to a personal computer. An original SCADA application was developed which enables a remote control of the pilot plant and data aquisition. The pilot plant can be run either by static or dynamic counterpressure of the permeate. The dynamic counterpressure of the permeate assures a uniform transmembrane pressure drop (UTP) along the whole filtration element. Three different modes of operation can be selected: a constant transmembrane pressure drop mode, a constant flux mode and a stand-by mode for startup and cleaning operations. The unit is succesfully used for the microfiltration and ultrafiltration of various fermentation broths. Some experimental results are shown and discussed.
Applications of Single Photons from a Single Quantum Dot in Quantum Information Processing (2007)

We present a two‐qubit quantum algorithm and multiplexed quantum cryptography as examples for quantum information processing using single photons generated in a single InP(GaInP) quantum dot. In the first part, a Deutsch‐Jozsa algorithm is executed with linear optics obtaining a fidelity of up to 79%, and noise‐resistant encoding is implemented by appropriate superpositions of spatial modes. In the second part, multiplexing enhances the bandwidth of quantum key distribution in a BB84 protocol.
Measurement of Terahertz Pulses using Electronically Controlled Optical Sampling (ECOPS) (2010)

We demonstrate generation and detection of single-cycle terahertz pulses using Electronically Controlled Optical Sampling (ECOPS). This technique is similar to asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS), but is better suited for lower repetition-rate lasers.
Three‐dimensional television using optical scanning holography (2002)

Abstract We first review a real‐time three‐dimensional (3‐D) holographic recording technique called optical scanning holography (OSH) and discuss holographic reconstruction using spatial light modulators (SLMs). We then present how the overall system can be used for 3‐D holographic television (TV) display with a wide‐angle view of a 3‐D image, and address some of the issues encountered. Finally, we suggest some techniques to alleviate the issues encountered in such a 3‐D holographic TV system.
How to Process Sputum Samples and Extract Bacterial DNA for Microbiota Analysis (2018)

Different steps and conditions for DNA extraction for microbiota analysis in sputum have been reported in the literature. We aimed at testing both dithiothreitol (DTT) and enzymatic treatments of sputum samples and identifying the most suitable DNA extraction technique for the microbiota analysis of sputum. Sputum treatments with and without DTT were compared in terms of their median levels and the coefficient of variation between replicates of both DNA extraction yield and real-time PCR for the 16S rRNA gene. Treatments with and without lysozyme and lysostaphin were compared in terms of their median levels of real-time PCR for <i>S. aureus</i>. Two enzyme-based and three beads-based techniques for DNA extraction were compared in terms of their DNA extraction yield, real-time PCR for the 16S rRNA gene and microbiota analysis. DTT treatment decreased the coefficient of variation between replicates of both DNA extraction yield and real-time PCR. Lysostaphin (either 0.18 or 0.36 mg/mL) and lysozyme treatments increased <i>S. aureus</i> detection. One enzyme-based kit offered the highest DNA yield and 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR with no significant differences in terms of alpha-diversity indexes. A condition using both DTT and lysostaphin/lysozyme treatments along with an enzymatic kit seems to be preferred for the microbiota analysis of sputum samples.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy With Granulomatous Angiitis Ameliorated by Steroid-Cytoxan Treatment (1992)

We report a case of a 62-year-old black woman who, 8 months prior to death, developed confusion, apraxias, disorientation, and difficulties with her vision. There was no dementia. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a tumor in the right posterior parietal white matter. A biopsy of the lesion displayed granulomatous angiitis and severe cerebrovascular amyloidosis, but no tumor was identified. Chronic inflammation with an occasional multinucleated giant cell was seen about the amyloid-infiltrated vessels. The cortex demonstrated gliosis but no plaques or tangles. Subsequently, the patient was treated with steroids and Cytoxan, with an improvement in her neurologic status. She died of opportunistic bronchopneumonia 8 months after the initial onset of her symptoms. On postmortem examination, the biopsied area of the brain showed atrophy with gliosis. Amyloid angiopathy was present but in much lesser degree than in the biopsy. Scant perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were seen only focally, and no giant cells were observed. The amyloid, both in the biopsy and autopsy material, was of the Alzheimer A4 type. This case suggests that steroid and cytoxan treatment ameliorated the angiitis and the amyloid angiopathy as well. The pertinent literature is discussed.
Quantifying “Magic” (2014)

In November 2010, Microsoft released the Kinect sensor as a new input device for the Xbox 360 gaming console, and more recently the “next generation” of Kinect was released in November 2013 as part of the Xbox One entertainment system. Kinect has the ability to detect multiple points of skeletal movement, differentiating among multiple simultaneous users. This ability enables users to control and interact with on-screen elements by moving their bodies in space (e.g., move characters, select menu items, manipulate virtual objects). Controllers or on-body sensors are not needed to use gesture inputs with Kinect, and Kinect can also detect speech inputs. The team at Microsoft Studios User Research (SUR) was an integral part of creating the first full-body gaming experiences for the Kinect system. During the development of Kinect, and in the more than 3 years since its initial launch, SUR has worked with game designers, programmers, and hardware developers on games and other applications that use Kinect. In this article the authors leverage data SUR has collected over the development cycles of many different games created for many different audiences to summarize the unique user experience challenges that the Kinect sensor brings to game development. The authors also propose principles for designing fun and accessible experiences for Kinect.
The Multifaceted Bacterial Cysteine Desulfurases: From Metabolism to Pathogenesis (2021)

Living cells have developed a relay system to efficiently transfer sulfur (S) from cysteine to various thio-cofactors (iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, thiamine, molybdopterin, lipoic acid, and biotin) and thiolated tRNA. The presence of such a transit route involves multiple protein components that allow the flux of S to be precisely regulated as a function of environmental cues to avoid the unnecessary accumulation of toxic concentrations of soluble sulfide (S<sup>2-</sup>). The first enzyme in this relay system is cysteine desulfurase (CSD). CSD catalyzes the release of sulfane S from L-cysteine by converting it to L-alanine by forming an enzyme-linked persulfide intermediate on its conserved cysteine residue. The persulfide S is then transferred to diverse acceptor proteins for its incorporation into the thio-cofactors. The thio-cofactor binding-proteins participate in essential and diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, respiration, intermediary metabolism, gene regulation, and redox sensing. Additionally, CSD modulates pathogenesis, antibiotic susceptibility, metabolism, and survival of several pathogenic microbes within their hosts. In this review, we aim to comprehensively illustrate the impact of CSD on bacterial core metabolic processes and its requirement to combat redox stresses and antibiotics. Targeting CSD in human pathogens can be a potential therapy for better treatment outcomes.
Face Detection Using Improved LBP under Bayesian Framework (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel face detection approach using improved local binary patterns (ILBP) as facial representation. ILBP feature is an improvement of LBP feature that considers both local shape and texture information instead of raw grayscale information and it is robust to illumination variation. We model the face and non-face class using multivariable Gaussian model and classify them under Bayesian framework. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method has an encouraging performance.
EPR Study of the Surface Characteristics of Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> under UV Irradiation (2001)

Nanostructured TiO2 samples with primary particle size in the 4−20 nm range were prepared by either hydrothermal (H) or thermal (T) treatment of an amorphous precursor, and their behavior under UV illumination at 77 K was studied by means of EPR spectroscopy. The samples of the H series present the smallest crystallite size and after irradiation in a vacuum show some Ti3+ centers. In contrast, under these conditions only weak signals associated with oxygenated radicals are observed for the T samples. However, when oxygen is preadsorbed, several oxygenated complexes (O-, O2-, O2H•, and O3-) are photogenerated in proportions that depend on the characteristics of the material. Subsurface O- species are exclusively detected in the case of the samples of the H series, whereas ozonide radicals and surface O- are stabilized on materials with larger crystalline domains. These oxygenated complexes are thermally unstable, and they disappeared after warming to room temperature in the case of the T samples, but they are transformed to O2- on the surface of the hydrothermally treated TiO2. Since adsorbed water and different types of free hydroxyls are present on these materials, as revealed by FTIR, a number of surface reactions have to be considered in order to account for the formation and stability of such photogenerated species.
Rehydration of Polymeric, Aqueous, Biphasic System Facilitates High Throughput Cell Exclusion Patterning for Cell Migration Studies (2011)

Abstract This paper describes a cell‐exclusion patterning method facilitated by a polymeric aqueous two‐phase system. The immersion aqueous phase (polyethylene glycol) containing cells rehydrates a dried disk of the denser phase (dextran) on the substrate to form a dextran droplet. With the right properties of the phase‐forming polymers, the rehydrating droplet remains immiscible with the immersion phase. Proper formulation of the two‐phase system ensures that the interfacial tension between the rehydrating droplet and the surrounding aqueous phase prevents cells from crossing the interface so that cells only adhere to the regions of the substrate around the dextran phase droplet. Washing out the patterning two‐phase reagents reveals a cell monolayer containing a well‐defined circular gap that serves as the migration niche for cells of the monolayer. Migration of cells into the cell‐excluded area is readily visualized and quantified over time. A 96‐well plate format of this “gap healing” migration assay demonstrates the ability to detect inhibition of cell migration by known cytoskeleton targeting agents. This straightforward method, which only requires a conventional liquid handler and readily prepared polymer solutions, opens new opportunities for high throughput cell migration assays.
Web page classification based on context to the content extraction of articles (2017)

Now-a-days, World Wide Web is growing as a huge repository with high source of voluminous and heterogeneous information which continues to expand in size and complexity. But still Web pages are observed unstructured, semi-structured or asynchronous, which contains excess irrelevant information like advertisement, sponsored links, headers, footers etc. Hence guiding on to fetch particular documents over the Internet is well supported by search engines, on giving appropriate keywords in form of queries, or either by catalogues generation, which organize documents into hierarchical file structure. But maintenance of such catalogues manually is more difficult, due to the huge data residing on the Web; hence it becomes necessary build some techniques for auto-categorization of documents. Auto-categorizations scales the retrieval of more relevant information by crawling through web page contents and comparing with the keywords which exact matches the behavioral of any particular category. The prime objective of this research is to identify the category in which the article falls, which enrich the reader's knowledge with direct access the content or locate to the relevant titles. The paper describes a model to perform categorization on article related to child development and parenting's contexts, which starts with catalog generation through identification & analysis carried with the consideration of category keyword along with relevant information been extracted from various sources over web to achieve the classification with expected accuracy.
Mixtures of four organochlorines enhance human breast cancer cell proliferation. (2001)

In view of the large differences between the concentrations of estrogenic chemicals needed to elicit effects in in vitro assays and their levels in human tissues, it is hard to explain possible health risks in terms of exposure to individual compounds. Human populations, however, are exposed to mixtures of estrogenic and estrogen-like agents and it is necessary to consider the impact of combined effects. We assessed the combined effects of 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), and 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) on the induction of cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells. All four compounds are persistent organochlorines that can be found in human tissues. We performed extensive concentration-response analyses with the single agents to predict the effects of two mixtures of all four compounds with different mixture ratios. We calculated the predictions by using the pharmacologically well-founded models of concentration addition and independent action and then tested them experimentally. o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, beta-HCH, and p,p'-DDT acted together to produce proliferative effects in MCF-7 cells. The combined effect of the four agents could be predicted on the basis of data about single agent concentration-response relationships. Regression analysis demonstrated that there were combination effects even when each mixture component was present at levels at or below its individual no-observed-effect-concentration. We assessed combination effects in two ways: First, evaluations in relation to the proliferative responses induced by single mixture components revealed that the combination effects were stronger than the effects of the most potent constituent. Thus, according to this method of evaluation, the combined effects may be termed synergistic. Second, comparisons with the expected effects, as predicted by concentration addition and independent action, showed excellent agreement between prediction and observation. With this approach, the combined effect of all four compounds can be termed additive.
From 834 to Eighty Thirty Four: The Reading of Arabic Numerals by Seven-year-old Children (1997)

A group of seven-year-old Italian children was asked to transcode from arabic numerals to verbal numerals. The stimuli were written arabic numerals such as 365; the responses were spoken Italian numerals such as tre cento sessanta cinque. Several regular error patterns were observed. The less-advanced subjects fragmented complex stimuli, so that 365 would be transcoded by a numeral of the form thirty six five, or ignored part of the stimulus. Children who had just learned the word cento often used it in initial position, so that 200 was transcoded as cento due. Later, they experimented with various ways of subdividing the digit string and introducing a multiplicand, producing such errors as 834 eighty thirty four, 803 eighty thousand and three. The development of transcoding ability was explained by an asemantic model using production rules.
Integrating the cell stress response: a new view of molecular chaperones as immunological and physiological homeostatic regulators (2009)

Abstract The response of cells to stress was first documented in the 1960s and 1970s and the molecular nature of the families of proteins that subserve this vital response, the molecular chaperones, were identified and subjected to critical study in the period from the late 1980s. This resulted in the rapidly advancing new field of protein folding and its role in cellular function. Emerging at the same time, but initially largely ignored, were reports that molecular chaperones could be released by cells and exist on the outer plasma membrane or in the body fluids. These secreted molecular chaperones were found to have intercellular signalling functions. There is now a growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that molecular chaperones have properties ascribed to the Roman god Janus, the god of gates, doors, beginnings and endings, whose two faces point in different directions. Molecular chaperones appear to have one set of key functions within the cell and, potentially, a separate set of functions when they exist on the cell surface or in the various fluid phases of the body. Thus, it is a likely hypothesis that secreted molecular chaperones act as an additional level of homeostatic control possibly linking cellular stress to physiological systems such as the immune system. This review concentrates on three key molecular chaperones: Hsp10, Hsp60 and the Hsp70 family for which most information is available. An important consideration is the role that these proteins may play in human disease and in the treatment of human disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-2 and Decreased TNF-α/IFN-γ Production by Central Memory T Cells Are Associated with Protective Responses against Bovine Tuberculosis Following BCG Vaccination (2016)

Central memory T cell (Tcm) and polyfunctional CD4 T cell responses contribute to vaccine-elicited protection with both human and bovine tuberculosis (TB); however, their combined role in protective immunity to TB is unclear. To address this question, we evaluated polyfunctional cytokine responses by CD4 T cell effector/memory populations from bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves by flow cytometry prior to and after aerosol challenge with virulent <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>. Polyfunctional cytokine expression patterns in the response by Tcm, effector memory, and effector T cell subsets were similar between BCG-vaccinated and <i>M. bovis</i>-infected calves, only differing in magnitude (i.e., infected > vaccinated). BCG vaccination, however, did alter the kinetics of the ensuing response to virulent <i>M. bovis</i> infection. Early after challenge (3 weeks post-infection), non-vaccinates had greater antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lesser IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 responses by Tcm cells than did vaccinated animals. Importantly, these differences were also associated with mycobacterial burden upon necropsy. Polyfunctional responses to ESAT-6:CFP10 (antigens not synthesized by BCG strains) were detected in memory subsets, as well as in effector cells, as early as 3 weeks after challenge. These findings suggest that cell fate divergence may occur early after antigen priming in the response to bovine TB and that memory and effector T cells may expand concurrently during the initial phase of the immune response. In summary, robust IFN-γ/TNF-α response by Tcm cells is associated with greater mycobacterial burden, while IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 response by Tcm cells are indicative of a protective response to bovine TB.
Optical properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ZnI</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (2001)

The optical-absorption measurements are reported for ${\mathrm{ZnI}}_{2}$ films. The optical band gap of stoichiometric, tetragonally structured ${\mathrm{ZnI}}_{2}$ films found to be of direct type. The thickness dependence of band gap is attributed to the compressive residual stress in the film. The variation of residual stress with film thickness correlates well with the thickness dependence of packing density and size distribution of crystallite grains as observed by morphological analysis. Band gap was found to decrease with residual stress linearly yielding a band gap of 4.75 eV for a stress-free perfect crystal. The absorption data reveal an exitonic absorption peak at 3.5 eV with a binding energy of 660 meV at room temperature.
Three-mirror telescopes: design and optimization (1978)

A set of equations is developed which yields the constructional parameters of three-mirror all-reflecting optical systems. An equation whose factors allow the shape of the image surface to be controlled is also derived. A method of optimizing the performance of three-mirror systems by varying the inputs to the design equations is described, and the results are compared with those obtained through a conventional numerical design optimization. The technique described is shown to be markedly superior to the usual optimization method of varying the constructional parameters of the system.
Improved Synthesis of L-Homoserine Derivatives from L-Aspartic Acid (1991)

N-Alkoxycarbonyl-L-homoserine lactones (α-alkoxycarbonyl- amino-γ-butyrolactones) were prepared by selective esterification of L-aspartic acid followed by N-protection, precipitation of the dicyclohexylammonium salts, chemoselective reduction with lithium borohydride, and cyclization to the corresponding γ-lactones during isolation.
Transit Time Diffusion Porometer Calibration: An Analysis taking into Account Temperature Differences and Calibration Non-Linearity (1983)

A method is described that determines the mean calibration of a transit time diffusion porometer from a limited amount of calibration data. The calibration includes calculation of the temperature coefficients over the range encountered. The common assumption of a linear relation between transit time and leaf resistance was found to give large errors, particularly at low resistances, and a method of fitting the relation found is described. The improvement in fit is shown to improve significantly the accuracy of estimates of changes in leaf conductance.