gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ready-to-deploy service function chaining for mobile networks (2016)

The dynamic composition of virtualized network functions promises to ease the introduction of new services in mobile networks, while reducing provisioning costs. This approach, usually called Service Function Chaining, has been the focus of several research efforts. However, current systems rely on new tunneling protocols and on network infrastructure changes. In this paper, we introduce CATENAE1, an efficient Service Function Chaining system for mobile networks. Our system deals with today's network functions, including the ones that perform changes to the packet's header, without using any tunneling protocol and without requiring network modifications. Our approach is ready to be deployed in mobile networks, integrates seamlessly with legacy network management systems and introduces no overhead in the (virtual) network functions.
Support Vector Machines to improve physiologic hot flash measures: Application to the ambulatory setting (2010)

Most midlife women have hot flashes. The conventional criterion (≥2 μmho rise/30 s) for classifying hot flashes physiologically has shown poor performance. We improved this performance in the laboratory with Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a pattern classification method. We aimed to compare conventional to SVM methods to classify hot flashes in the ambulatory setting. Thirty-one women with hot flashes underwent 24 h of ambulatory sternal skin conductance monitoring. Hot flashes were quantified with conventional (≥2 μmho/30 s) and SVM methods. Conventional methods had low sensitivity (sensitivity=.57, specificity=.98, positive predictive value (PPV)=.91, negative predictive value (NPV)=.90, F1=.60), with performance lower with higher body mass index (BMI). SVMs improved this performance (sensitivity=.87, specificity=.97, PPV=.90, NPV=.96, F1=.88) and reduced BMI variation. SVMs can improve ambulatory physiologic hot flash measures.
Multi-bead Overlapping Models for Tool Path Generation in Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Processes (2020)

Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has received substantial attention in recent years due to the very high build rates. When bulky structures are generated using standard layer-by-layer tool paths, the build rate in the outer contour of the part may lag behind the build rate in the interior. In WAAM, the profile of a single weld bead resembles a parabola. In order to keep the build rate constant at each point of the layer, optimal overlapping distances can be determined. This paper presents novel multi-bead overlapping models for tool path generation. Mathematical models are established to minimize valleys between adjacent weld beads by accounting for the overlapping volume. The proposed models are validated by manufacturing solid blocks from mild steel with the recommended overlapping distances. The approach is compared to standard tool path strategies. Macrographs are recorded to analyze the boundary profiles. The specimens with the proposed overlapping distances show an even profile in contrast to specimens made using the standard strategy.
Teaching Language Awareness in Rhetorical Choice (2004)

This article introduces an IText system the authors built to enhance student practice in language awareness within commonly taught written genres (e.g., self-portraits, profiles, scenic writing, narratives, instructions, and arguments). The system provides text visualization and analysis that seek to increase students’ sensitivity to the rhetorical and whole-text implications of the small runs of language they read and write. The authors describe the way the system can create possibilities for classroom discourse and discussion about student writing that seem harder to reproduce in traditional writing classrooms. They also describe the limitations of the current system for wide-scale use and its future prospects.
High throughput analysis of plankton morphology and dynamic (2019)

Changes in morphology and swimming dynamics of plankton by exposure to toxic chemicals are studied using a novel a new paradigm of image acquisition and computer vision system. Single cell ciliate Stentor coeruleus enclosed in a drop of water provide a means to automatically deposit many individual samples on a at surface. Chemicals of interest are automatically added to each drop while the dynamical and morphological changes are captured with an optical microscope. With computer vision techniques, we analyze the motion trajectory of each plankton sample, along with its shape information, quantifying the sub-lethal impact of chemicals on plankton health. The system enables large screening of hundreds of chemicals of environmental interest which may make their way into water habitats.
Synthesis, Modeling and Exergy Analysis of Atmospheric Air Blown Biomass Gasification for Fischer-Tropsch Process (2009)

The main objective of the present work is to investigate the combination of an atmospheric and a pressurised air blown biomass gasifier towards Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis of second generation biofuels and co-production of power. The complete process was simulated in AspenPlusTM software including sub-models for the gasification, gas cleaning and conditioning as well as for the FT reactor. A sensitivity analysis on exergetic performance was performed mainly examining the recycling of FT-tail gas. For the base case of 80% FT CO conversion without any recirculation, the exergetic efficiency was found to be 34.3% with atmospheric gasification and 30.64% for pressurised gasification. Recirculation of the non-reacted CO, H2 as well as light gas products of the FT-reactor back to the atmospheric gasifier can increase the overall efficiency up to 48.1 %.This paper is an updated version of a paper published in the ECOS&#039;08 proceedings.
In vitro correlate of immunity in an animal model of inhalational anthrax (1999)

The incidence of anthrax in humans is extremely low. Human vaccine efficacy studies for inhalational anthrax cannot be conducted. The identification of a correlate of protection that predicts vaccine efficacy is crucial for determining the immune status of immunized humans. This surrogate marker of immunity can only be established by using an appropriate animal model. Numerous studies showed that protective antigen (PA) is the principle protective antigen in naturally- or vaccine-induced immunity. However, attempts to correlate the quantity of anti-PA antibodies with protective immunity in the guinea pig model for anthrax and various vaccine formulations have failed. In these studies, we used the licensed anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) in rabbits. Groups of New Zealand white rabbits, 10 or 20 per group, were immunized intramuscularly (two doses, 4 weeks apart) with varying doses of AVA, ranging from a human dose to 1:256 dilution in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Control rabbits received PBS/Alhydrogel according to the same schedule. Each rabbit was bled 2 weeks after the second dose, and antibody levels to PA measured by both the quantitative anti-PA IgG ELISA and the toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) assay. Rabbits were aerosol-challenged 10 weeks from day 0 with a lethal dose of Ames spores. All the rabbits that received the undiluted and 1:4 dilution of vaccine survived, whereas those receiving the higher dilutions of vaccine (1:16, 1:64 and 1:256) had deaths in their groups. All the controls died. Rabbit survival was compared with the antibody response. Statistical models were used to test for significance of the peak antibody responses to predict survival. Results showed that both the amount of anti-PA IgG and TNA titres present in the sera at the time of the peak antibody response were significant (P < 0.0001) predictors of survival. These results demonstrate that the humoral immune response to AVA can predict protection in the rabbit model of inhalational anthrax.
Computer-assisted surgical techniques: a vision for the future of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. (1994)

Our specialty relies increasingly on technologic advancements and increased knowledge of pathophysiology at the cellular and molecular level; these trends will continue. The consequences in the laryngologic, otologic, and rhinologic surgery are presented. Envision the surgeon positioned at a computer workstation to perform surgery. Following endoscopy and the placement of the microlaryngoscope, the only contact he or she will have with the patient is through robotic "hands" on the end of thin rods. These hands thread through the laryngoscope and hold tissue without any tremor. Multiple-wavelength lasers are available, each tuned to optimally incise particular tissue types. The laser beam will be delivered under computer control with active feed-back systems involving ultrasonic imaging, infrared thermography, and photoacoustic monitoring. Similar visions are presented in otology and rhinology with microinstrumentation and virtual reality.
Providing bandwidth guarantees with OpenFlow (2016)

Quality of Service (QoS) control is an important concept in computer networking, as it is related to end-user experience. While providing QoS guarantees over the Internet has long been deemed too complicated, the emergence of Software Defined Networking (SDN), and OpenFlow as its most popular standard, may facilitate QoS control. In this paper, we consider how to enable bandwidth guarantees with OpenFlow. Our design allows QoS flows to send more than their guaranteed rates, as long as they do not hinder other guaranteed and/or best-effort flows. Furthermore, our design uses OpenFlow's meter table to aggregate traffic. Our traffic aggregation functionality only adds overhead to the first switch, but no other complexity is incurred at the subsequent switches.
Thrombopoietin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis (2005)

Despite the recent evidence of the localization of thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), TPO protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remained to be clarified. We previously reported that serum TPO is increased in children with meningitis. To determine changes in TPO concentrations in the CSF by meningitis and to explore the relationship between serum and CSF TPO concentrations, we measured TPO concentrations in 110 CSF samples and 33 serum/CSF pairs from 11 bacterial meningitis, 49 aseptic meningitis, and 50 nonmeningitis children. In only 12% (13 of 110) of CSF samples (0 bacterial meningitis, 8 aseptic meningitis, and 5 controls), TPO concentrations could be determined (24.1 +/- 29.0 pg/ml). CSF TPO concentrations did not significantly differ among the three groups and did not correlate with age. TPO concentrations in all serum samples were detectable, and mean concentrations in bacterial meningitis (510.6 +/- 237.0 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in aseptic meningitis (136.6 +/- 71.6, p < 0.01) and controls (181.3 +/- 88.3, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that TPO is not produced in the CNS of patients with meningitis and that TPO did not cross the blood-brain barrier even during meningeal infection.
Study on Accuracy Average Effect of Linear Motion Ball Guides System. (1992)

直動ボールガイドを用いてLMBGシステムとしてXテーブルを構成し, 種々の水平方向ミスアライメントならびに0, 4, 12μmの3種類の予圧を付与してテーブルの案内精度を測定し, これまでにたてた負荷分布式を用い計算した結果と比較検討した.その結果, (1) 計算結果は実験結果によく合致するが, 実験値はガイドブロック顎部の曲げ変形が生じるため計算値よりさらに精度平均化効果が大きく現れる.(2) 予圧を増大すると精度平均化効果は増大する.(3) ミスアライメントに直交する変位成分は, 無視し得るほど小さい.(4) 玉の負荷圏への出入りに伴い, 微小ではあるが1次から5次までの玉通過振動波形を観測した.
Natural products and Pharma 2011: Strategic changes spur new opportunities (2011)

Although natural products have been marginalized by major pharmaceutical companies over the last 20-30 years, the changing landscape of drug discovery now favors a greatly enhanced role for Nature's privileged structures. Screening for drug leads in phenotypic screens provides the best opportunity to realize the value of natural products. Advances in total synthesis, especially function-oriented syntheses and biosynthetic technologies offer new avenues for the medicinal chemical optimization of biologically active secondary metabolites. Genomic research has given new insights into biosynthetic processes as well as providing evidence that a wealth of unrealized biosynthetic potential remains to be explored. As Pharma strives to develop innovative and highly effective new drugs, natural products will be increasingly valued as sources of novel leads whose further development will be expedited by emerging technologies.
Structural basis for olivetolic acid formation by a polyketide cyclase from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> (2016)

Structural data reported in this paper are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5B08 for the OAC apo, 5B09 for the OAC-OA binary complex and 5B0A, 5B0B, 5B0C, 5B0D, 5B0E, 5B0F and 5B0G for the OAC His5Q, Ile7F, Tyr27F, Tyr27W, Val59M, Tyr72F and His78S mutant enzymes, respectively.
Les structures des véhicules (1991)

L’apparition du concept de transport ferroviaire à grande vitesse s’accompagne de la reformulation du principe même de la structure des véhicules qui ne sont plus pensés comme des unités indépendantes et substituables mais perçus dans leur ensemble comme une suite cohérente d’éléments.L’expérience montre que l’efficacité d’un matériel est directement liée à la manière dont il est bâti. Notamment, la masse du train peut être réduite en agissant sur la structure de la rame, la structure des véhicules et en utilisant des matériaux aux performances adaptées. Parmi les matériaux les mieux adaptés figurent aujourd’hui les aciers et les alliages d’alluminium, objets du présent article.
12-fs ultrashort optical pulse compression at a high repetition rate (1984)

We have produced 12-fs (full width at half-maximum), 0.5-MW optical pulses at a 500-Hz repetition rate by passing the amplified pulses from a colliding pulse, passively mode-locked ring dye laser through an optical fiber pulse compressor.
A study of GMR read sensor induced by soft ESD using Magnetoresistive Sensitivity Mapping (MSM) (2001)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can be manifest on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) head either physically (melting of sensor element) or magnetically (degrades in dynamic electrical or quasitest parameters). The latter case is usually suspected as ldquosoftrdquo ESD and known to be a subtle case for study. In this study, we try to differentiate the ldquosoftrdquo ESD from electrical failure, which cause by other means. Ahead with magnetoresistance sensitivity mapping (MSM), which is an additional feature of magnetic force microscope (MFM), the symmetry and sensitivity changes of GMR sensors were further investigated. Advanced analytical tools of atomic force microscope (AFM), MFM and MSM allow unique characterization of head microstructure, and coupled with methodical and systematic failure analysis, may be possible to observe in-situ the previously unknown ESD phenomena unique to GMR head.
Studies on the substrate specificity of purified human milk bile salt-activated lipase. (1983)

The fatty acid specificity of the bile salt-activated lipase purified from human milk was studied using C12 to C54 (total acyl carbon) saturated and the C54 unsaturated triacylglycerols. Kinetic studies indicated that the short chain triacylglycerols were hydrolyzed more readily than the long chain triacylglycerols, and that the long chain unsaturated triacylglycerols were attacked more readily than the long chain saturated triacylglycerols. This fatty acid specificity was also apparent intramolecularly, both short chain and unsaturated fatty acids being released at higher rates than the saturated long chain acids. The enzyme possessed neither positional specificity nor stereospecificity as indicated by the nearly simultaneous appearance of the sn-1,2-, sn-2,3-, and sn-1,3-dioleoylglycerols from trioleoylglycerol. The hydrolyses of these three ester bonds were approximately at their anticipated chemical reactivities. Synthetic rac-1-monooleoylglycerols were hydrolyzed about 2 times faster than the sn-2-monooleoylglycerols. It is concluded that the bile salt-activated lipase may possess a special potential for a rapid release of short chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols in the intestinal lumen of infants.
Progress of the Productive Ward. (2011)

The progress of the Productive Ward programme has been variable. This article outlines a study that investigated the experience of implementing the programme in different hospitals and the lessons that can be learnt.
Neuropeptide Y, the Hypothalamus and the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis (1996)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones in the arcuate nucleus of the rodent hypothalamus may play a key role in responding to reductions in body energy stores with appropriate changes in energy homeostasis, namely an increase in food-seeking behaviour and hyperphagia, together with a reduction in heat production by brown adipose tissue. These adaptive responses are mimicked by the injection of NPY into the main sites of projection of the NPY neurones, and animals that are threatened by energy deficits (e.g. through starvation or insulin-deficient diabetes) show increased activity of these neurones. Genetically obese rodents also show hyperactivity of the NPY neurones, which is inappropriate to their energy needs and may contribute to their hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure and excessive weight gain. The NPY neurones may be inhibited by insulin and leptin, which may both serve as signals of peripheral fat mass. Ultimately, characterization of the specific "feeding' receptors which mediate NPY's central effects on energy homeostasis may provide opportunities for designing drugs to manipulate and appetite and energy balance in man, notably obesity and the cachexia commonly associated with malignancy and chronic infection.
Extracellular Signals That Regulate the Tangential Migration of Olfactory Bulb Neuronal Precursors: Inducers, Inhibitors, and Repellents (2001)

Neuronal migration is an essential developmental step in the construction of the vertebrate nervous system, but the extracellular signals involved in initiating and regulating neuronal movement remain unclear. Here we report the identification of a novel astrocyte-derived migration-inducing activity (MIA). Using an in vitro assay, we show that MIA induces the migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors, increasing the number of migrating cells and the distance they move. We established quantitative criteria to distinguish between the biological effects of inducers, inhibitors, repellents, and attractants on migrating cells and used them to compare the effects of MIA with those of Slit, a putative repulsive guidance cue. Our analysis demonstrates that, by themselves, MIA induces and Slit inhibits migration from subventricular zone explants. However, when presented together with MIA, Slit acts as a repellent. This study shows that glial cells play a critical role in initiating and modulating the movement of neuronal precursors through the release of a diffusible protein. Moreover, this study provides evidence that the guidance of migrating neuronal precursors is an integrative process, resulting from the cooperation of distinct extracellular factors, and that the function of Slit is context dependent.
Deep Active Learning for 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving (2019)

3D object detection is vital for autonomous driving. However, to train a 3D detector often requires a huge amount of labeled data which are extremely expensive and tedious to obtain. In order to alleviate the annotation effort while maintaining detection performance, we aim to adopt active learning framework for training a 3D object detector with the least amount of labeled data. In contrast with the conventional passive learning that a machine learning model is trained on a pre-determined training dataset, active learning allows the model to actively select the most informative samples for labeling and add them to the training set. Therefore, only a fraction of data need to be labeled. To the best of our knowledge, this thesis is the first that studies active learning for 3D detection. We take progressive steps towards the goal. There are three stages with increasingly complex models and learning tasks. First, we start with active learning for image classification which can be viewed as a sub-problem of object detection. Second, we investigate and build a multi-task active learning framework with a deep refinement network for multi-modal 3D object detection. Lastly, we further analyze multi-task active learning with a more complicated two-stage 3D LiDAR vehicle detector. In our experiments, we study the fundamental and important aspects of an active learning framework with an emphasis on evaluating several popular data selection strategies based on prediction uncertainty. Without bells and whistles, we successfully propose an active learning framework for 3D object detection using 3D LiDAR point clouds and accurate 2D image proposals that saves up to 60% of labeled data on a public dataset. In the end, we also discuss some underlying challenges on this topic from both academic and industrial perspectives.
Performance analysis of a growable architecture for broadband packet (ATM) switching (2003)

The authors examine a growable architecture for broadband packet (asynchronous transfer mode) switching, consisting of a memoryless, self-routing interconnect fabric and modest-size packet switch modules, proposed by K.U. Eng et al. (1989). They focus on the cell loss probability, because the architecture attains the best possible delay-throughput performance if the packet switch modules use output queueing. They compute an upper bound on the cell loss probability for arbitrary patterns of independent cell arrivals, possibly including isochronous circuit connections, and show that both sources of cell loss can be made negligibly small. For example, to guarantee a cell loss probability of less than 10/sup -9/, this growable architecture requires packet switch modules of dimension 47*16, 45*16, 42*16, and 39*16 for 100%, 90%, 80%, and 70% traffic loads, respectively. The analytic techniques used to bound the cell loss probabilities are applicable to other output queueing architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antimicrobial activity of human α‐defensin 6 analogs: insights into the physico‐chemical reasons behind weak bactericidal activity of HD6 <i>in vitro</i> (2015)

Human α-defensin 6 (HD6), unlike other mammalian defensins, does not exhibit bactericidal activity, particularly against aerobic bacteria. Monomeric HD6 has a tertiary structure similar to other α-defensins in the crystalline state. However, the physico-chemical reasons behind the lack of antibacterial activity of HD6 are yet to be established unequivocally. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of HD6 analogs. A linear analog of HD6, in which the distribution of arginine residues was similar to active α-defensins, shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, indicating that atypical distribution of arginine residues contributes to the inactivity of HD6. Peptides spanning the N-terminal cationic segment were active against a wide range of organisms. Antimicrobial potency of these shorter analogs was further enhanced when myristic acid was conjugated at the N-terminus. Cytoplasmic localization of the analogs without fatty acylation was observed to be necessary for bacterial killing, while they exhibited fungicidal activity by permeabilizing Candida albicans membranes. Myristoylated analogs and the linear full-length arginine analog exhibited activity by permeabilizing bacterial and fungal membranes. Our study provides insights into the lack of bactericidal activity of HD6 against aerobic bacteria.