gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1.0GHz multi-banked embedded DRAM in 65nm CMOS featuring concurrent refresh and hierarchical BIST (2007)

An embedded DRAM macro fabricated in 65nm CMOS achieves 1.0GHz multi-banked operation at 1.0V yielding 584 Gbits/sec. The array utilizes a 0.11μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell with 20fF deep trench capacitor and 2.2nm gate oxide transfer gate. Concurrent refresh allows for high availability via a second bank address. At-speed test and repair is accomplished with a new hierarchical BIST architecture. Measured random cycle time exceeds 333MHz at 1.0V with functional operation from 750mV to 1.5V and densities up to 36.5Mbits.
Biological background and role of adiponectin as marker for insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk. (2005)

Adiponectin is a serum protein secreted by adipocytes and accounts for approximately 0.01% of total plasma protein. In healthy patient populations adiponectin can be found in concentrations of 7-12 mg/l. Unlike other adipocyte products, adiponectin correlates with decreased free fatty acid blood concentrations and reduced body mass index or body weight. Adiponectin protects from vascular diseases by inhibiting local proinflammatory signals, preventing preatherogenic plaque formation, and by impeding arterial wall thickening. Proinflammatory state and endothelial dysfunction are nominators of the metabolic syndrome, a complex set of risk factors including vascular and metabolic insulin resistance with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Over the past years, thiazolidinediones, like rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, became known as a therapeutic option for patients suffering from the metabolic syndrome. It is considered that insulin sensitizers exert their benefit through indirect induction of adiponectin expression. Clinical studies have confirmed that treatment with thiazolidinediones may increase adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes independent from improvements in blood glucose control or parallel treatment with insulinotropic drugs. These findings suggest that adiponectin may have a diagnostic value and can be used especially for monitoring treatment success. This review summarizes recent biological and clinical data indicating that adiponectin may be the molecular link between obesity and insulin resistance and may serve as a biomarker for the metabolic syndrome.
Assessing intangible assets and their value to business : business & economy (2016)

assets can be something of a grey area for businesses, difficult to value, but undoubtedly properties that have a bearing on the company's bottom line. Viewed simply,intangible assets are those assets that are not physical in nature - rather, they refer to the intellectual property and knowledge that a business has which provides it with a competitive edge. Intangible assets are the cornerstone of any business, confirms head of Intellectual Property practice at Norton Rose Fulbright, Likonelo Magagula. While they are not physical, they are critical in determining a company's value. In addition to knowledge, intangible or intellectual assets encompass the skills and creativity of employees, as well as the processes, methods or systems used in business activities and relationships with customers and suppliers.
Speech perception in noise with binary gains (2008)

For a given mixture of speech and noise, an ideal binary time-frequency mask is constructed by whether SNR within individual time-frequency units exceeds a local SNR criterion (LC). With linear filters, co-reducing mixture SNR and LC does not alter the ideal binary mask. Taking this manipulation to the limit by setting both mixture SNR and LC to minus infinity produces an output that contains only noise with no target speech at all. This particular output corresponds to turning on or off the filtered noise according to a pattern prescribed by the ideal binary mask. Our study was designed to test on speech intelligibility of noise gated by the ideal binary mask obtained this way. It is observed that listeners achieve nearly perfect speech recognition from gated noise. Only sixteen filter channels and a frame rate of one hundred Hertz are sufficient for high intelligibility. The results show that, despite a dramatic reduction of speech information, a pattern of binary gains provides an adequate basis for speech perception in noise.
Semagacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (2009)

Eli Lilly & Co is developing semagacestat, an inhibitor of the gamma-secretase enzyme. This enzyme is pivotal in the generation of beta-amyloid (A beta), a neurotoxic endogenous peptide believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In animals, semagacestat reduced A beta levels in the plasma, CSF and brain; however, studies have not reported on cognitive effect of this compound. Phase I clinical trials in healthy volunteers have evaluated doses ranging from 5 to 140 mg/day and phase II trials in patients with AD have evaluated doses ranging from 30 to 140 mg/day for up to 14 weeks. Trials in both healthy volunteers and patients with AD have demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of plasma A beta levels, and a recent trial in healthy volunteers demonstrated a robust, dose-dependent inhibition of newly generated A beta in the CSF after single oral doses. The main adverse events involved the gastrointestinal tract. In 2008, two large phase III clinical trials in patients with mild-to-moderate AD were initiated by Eli Lilly. Semagacestat is the most advanced gamma-secretase inhibitor and represents a major hope among therapies designed to slow the rate of cognitive decline of patients with AD.
Inositol Phosphates Purification Using Titanium Dioxide Beads (2018)

Inositol phosphates (IPs) comprise a family of ubiquitous eukaryotic signaling molecules. They have been linked to the regulation of a pleiotropy of important cellular activities, but low abundance and detection difficulties have hampered our understanding. Here we present a method to purify and enrich IPs or other phosphate-rich metabolites from mammalian cells or other sample types. Acid-extracted IPs from cells bind selectively via their phosphate groups to titanium dioxide beads. After washing, the IPs are easily eluted from the beads by increasing the pH. This technique, in combination with downstream analytical methods such as PAGE or SAX-HPLC, opens unprecedented investigative possibilities, allowing appropriate analysis of IPs from virtually any biological or non-biological source.
The Basigin Group of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily: Complete Conservation of a Segment in and around Transmembrane Domains of Human and Mouse Basigin and Chicken HT7 Antigen (1991)

Basigin belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and may be related to the primordial form of the superfamily. Human basigin cDNA was isolated and sequenced, and the predicted protein structure was compared with that of mouse basigin and two related molecules, embigin and the chicken blood-brain barrier antigen HT7. Between human and mouse basigin, 58% of the amino acids were identical and 80% of the changes were conservative. A stretch of 29 amino acid residues in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains was conserved not only in human and mouse basigin but also in HT7 antigen. The conserved structure may be required for interaction with a membranous protein. In addition, the relationship of basigin with other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily has been evaluated.
Experimental Models of Brain Injury (1989)

General categories of experimental brain injury models are reviewed regarding their clinical significance, and two new models are presented that use different methodology to produce injury. This report describes and characterizes the pathophysiologic changes produced by a novel fluid percussion (FP) method and a controlled cortical impact (CI) technique, both developed at the General Motors Research Laboratories (GMRL). The new models are compared to prior experimental brain injury techniques in relation to ongoing physical and analytical modeling used in automotive safety research by GMRL. Experimental results from our laboratory indicate that although the FP technique, currently the most widely used method for producing brain injury, is useful for producing graded injury responses systemically and centrally, it is not well-suited for detailed biomechanical analyses. This conclusion is based on high-speed cineradiographic studies where the physiologic saline in the FP cannula was substituted with a radiopaque contrast medium (Conray 1:1 dilution/saline). High speed x-ray movies (1000 fps) were taken of the fluid percussion pulse (1.5-3.4 atm/20 msec) in sagittal, dorsal, and frontal planes of orientation. When viewed together, the cineradiography revealed a complex, dynamic interaction between the injected fluid and the skull/cranial contents. Rapid lateral and anterior/posterior epidural fluid flow suggest that the pathology and dysfunction following FP brain injury reflects diffuse mechanical loading of the brain. Because fluid is used to transfer mechanical energy to brain tissue, and because fluid flow characteristics (i.e., direction, velocity, and displacement) are dependent on the brain geometry and species used, accurate analytical and biomechanical analyses of the resultant injury would be difficult at best. In contrast, the cortical impact model of experimental brain injury uses a known impact interface and a measurable, controllable impact velocity and cortical compression. These controlled variables enable the amount of deformation and the change in deformation over time to be accurately determined. In addition, the CI model produces graded, reproducible cortical contusion, prolonged functional coma, and extensive axonal injury, unlike the FP technique. The quantifiable nature of the single mechanical input used to produce the injury allows correlations to be made between the amount of deformation and the resultant pathology and functional changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
MPEG-4 compatible faces from orthogonal photos (2003)

MPEG-4 is scheduled to become an international standard in March 1999. The paper demonstrates an experiment for a virtual cloning method and animation system, which is compatible with the MPEG-4 standard facial object specification. Our method uses orthogonal photos (front and side view) as input and reconstructs the 3D facial model. The method is based on extracting MPEG-4 face definition parameters (FDP) from photos, which initializes a custom face in a more capable interface, and deforming a generic model. Texture mapping is employed using an image composed of the two orthogonal images, which is done completely automatically. A reconstructed head can be animated immediately inside our animation system, which is adapted to the MPEG-4 standard specification of face animation parameters (FAP). The result is integrated into our virtual human director (VHD) system.
Protein Engineering For Directed Immobilization (2013)

Much effort has been put into the optimization of the functional activity of proteins. For biosensors this protein functional optimization will increase the biosensor’s sensitivity and/or selectivity. However, the strategy chosen for the immobilization of the proteins to the sensor surface might be equally important for the development of sensor surfaces that are optimally biologically active. Several studies published in recent years show that the oriented immobilization of the bioactive molecules improves the sensor’s properties. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of the different protein immobilization strategies that are commonly used today with a special focus on biosensor applications. These strategies include nonspecific immobilization techniques either by physical adsorption, by covalent coupling, or by specific immobilization via site-specifically introduced tags or bio-orthogonal chemistry. The different tags and bio-orthogonal chemistry available and the techniques to site-specifically introduce these groups in proteins are also discussed.
조심법(調心法)을 통한 혈위의 체표온도변화 관찰: Pilot Study (2007)

Objectives: Medical Qigong for health and healing mainly consists of meditation, physical movements, and breathing exercises. Qigong practitioners develop an awareness of Qi sensations in their bodies and use their mind or intention to guide the Qi. This study aimed to observe the changes of skin temperature at several acupoints such as PC8, LI4 and ST7 after concentrating their attention at acupoint PC8. Methods: Recruited sixteen subjects were divided into two groups; one group consists of ten subjects, experienced Qigong training for more than 1 year and the other is six who have never trained Qigong before. The subjects were guided to sit comfortably and put their palms faced each other at 50 cm interval. And then temperature on the outer skin in each acupoints was measured at every 30 seconds for five minutes before and during Qi intention. Temperature variations on the outer skin above measured at acupuncture points, PC8, LI4, and ST7. Results: The change of temperature in PC8 of the Qigong trainees were significantly higher than that of non-trainees (0.97±0.20 vs. 0.45±0.10 respectively, p＜0.05). The change of temperature of the other acupoints areas was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Qi intention resulted in temperature change at the outer skin on the specific acupoints.
A novel peptide modulates α7 nicotinic receptor responses: implications for a possible trophic‐toxic mechanism within the brain (2004)

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in neural development and neurodegeneration. Here, we identify a novel, modulatory receptor ligand, a 14-amino acid peptide (AEFHRWSSYMVHWK) derived from the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In three different in vitro preparations, this 'AChE-peptide' is bioactive in a ligand-specific and concentration-dependent manner. First, it modulates acutely the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on Xenopus oocytes transfected with human alpha7, but not alpha4/beta2, nAChR. The action persists when intracellular calcium is chelated with BAPTA or when calcium is substituted with barium ions. This observation suggests that intracellular Ca(2+) signals do not mediate the interaction between the peptide and nAChR, but rather that the interaction is direct: however, the intervention of other mediators cannot be excluded. Secondly, in recordings from the CA1 region in guinea-pig hippocampal slices, AChE-peptide modulates synaptic plasticity in a alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BgTx)-sensitive manner. Thirdly, in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus, long-term exposure to peptide attenuates neurite outgrowth: this chronic, functional effect is selectively blocked by the alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-BgTx and methyllycaconitine, but not by the alpha4/beta2-preferring blocker dihydro-beta-ethroidine. A scrambled peptide variant, and the analogous peptide from butyrylcholinesterase, are ineffective in all three paradigms. The consequences of this novel modulation of the alpha7 nAChR may be activation of a trophic-toxic axis, of relevance to neurodegeneration.
Classification of mutations at the HLA‐A locus by use of the polymerase chain reaction (1993)

We investigated whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be used to determine the mechanism of mutation in lymphocyte clones mutated at the HLA-A locus. Three polymorphisms, at Factor XIIIA, D6S109, and intron 3 of the HLA-A gene, were used to study a series of clones previously characterised by Southern blotting (SB) at multiple loci on chromosome 6. For detection of loss of heterozygosity, the results of PCR and SB were concordant in 140 of 141 clones when polymorphism in the Factor XIIIA region was studied and in 144 of 145 clones when polymorphism in the HLA-A gene was studied. For classification of the mechanism of mutation, PCR and SB gave the same result in 88 of 92 clones (96%) when a combination of the HLA-A and Factor XIIIA polymorphisms was used and in 46 of 47 clones (98%) when a combination of the HLA-A and D6S109 polymorphisms was used. The results indicate that PCR provides a simple and reliable method for categorising mutations at the HLA-A locus as arising from mitotic recombination, deletion, or from presumptive minor changes within the gene. Rare events such as gene conversion, nondisjunction, or large deletions extending to the telomere will be misclassified. However, such events are rare for mutations at this locus.
Raman amide bands of type‐II β‐turns in cyclo‐(VPGVG)<sub>3</sub> and poly‐(VPGVG), and implications for protein secondary‐structure analysis (1987)

Abstract The cyclopentadecapeptide, c(VPGVG) 3 , a model structure for protein type‐II β‐turns [W. J. Cook et al. (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102 , 5502–5505], has been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy. Data obtained from both normal and deuterated crystals identify amide I, III, I′, and III′ bands characteristic of the β(II)turn. The structurally related polypentapeptide poly(VPGVG) in normal and deuterated forms has also been investigated, and exhibits the same Raman amide bands as c(VPGVG) 3 . The coacervate of poly(VPGVG), obtained by heating the solution to 40°C, likewise exhibits a Raman spectrum very similar to that of the c(VPGVG) 3 crystal. Raman spectra thus indicate closely similar secondary structures for crystalline c(VPGVG) 3 and aqueous poly(VPGVG), and provide an empirical basis for interpreting the conformation sensitive amide bands of globular proteins in terms of β(II)turn structures that may be present. An important conclusion from the present findings is that the amide I Raman profile of a protein may not be sufficient in general to distinguish turns from helix and sheet secondary structures, since the major amide I peaks of the β(II)turn at 1676 and 1652 cm −1 overlap, respectively, with amide I profiles generated by β‐sheet and α‐helix conformations.
THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP IN FIBRATIONS (1983)

A generalized Mayer-Vietoris sequence involving crossed homomorphisms is established and the construction is applied to the homotopy sequence of the CW-pair (X.X1) to relate the homotopy sequences of (X.X1) and the fibre bundle F → E → X in low dimensions. If there is a partial cross-section of E → X over X2, the classical form, π1 E ∼ π1 [xtilde] π1 F as a semidirect product, results. In case there is no extension over X2 of any cross-section of the restricted bundle χ:π2 (x2, x1) → X1 the corresponding obstruction map XE:π2(x2,x1) → π1F is non-trivial and in case F → E → X is an SO(n)-bundle (n ≥ 3), χE maps into a subgroup of the centre, Z(π1 F), of order at most 2.
Large Deformation Analysis by SPH Method (2004)

Using SPH method elastic plastic large deformation analyses were performed on the 2 bodies contact problems. The volume constant condition was imposed through the deformation process of materials and the condition was maintained using the constant condition of the number of particles. The results showed the smoothness of large deformation process of materials.
Atopic Dermatitis, Melatonin, and Sleep Disturbance (2014)

Poor sleep efficiency is common in children with AD and can be predicted by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index. Melatonin and IgE might play a role in the sleep disturbance. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms and clinical implications, and actigraphy could serve as a useful evaluating tool.
Verification and validation of wireless sensor network protocol properties through the system’s emulation (2017)

Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil sont un domaine en plein essor qui montre un potentiel intéressant pour de nombreuses applications. Pour qu’ils soient plus facilement adoptés par les industriels, il est nécessaire de démontrer que leur fonctionnement est fiable, et par conséquent de valider les protocoles utilisés par ces nœuds pour communiquer. Différentes méthodes de validation peuvent être utilisées, mais nous montrons qu’à ce jour, aucune de ces méthodes ne s’est avérée être idéale. Nous avons donc développé un nouvel outil de validation pour ces protocoles, un environnement de simulation appelé SNOOPS, capable d’exécuter le code binaire du protocole compilé sur un modèle de la plateforme hardware du nœud. Le nœud est modélisé en alliant l’émulateur de plateformes virtuelles QEMU au langage de description hardware SystemC, qui est également utilisé pour modéliser les communications en réseau entre les nœuds. Le principal attrait de SNOOPS est de posséder un module observateur qui a pour rôle d’arrêter la simulation si une propriété du protocole a été violée, afin de pouvoir trouver l’origine de l’erreur grâce à un debugger. Les propriétés du protocole à tester sont modélisées en Light Esterel, un langage réactif synchrone, à partir des spécifications du protocole, et compilées en C pour pouvoir être insérées plus simplement dans l’observateur. Un atout supplémentaire de SNOOPS est un module permettant d’interpréter et réinjecter en simulation des trames enregistrées dans un log en format pcap provenant d’expérimentations sur des nœuds physiques. Nous avons testé sur SNOOPS le protocole OCARI développé par EDF R&D et ses partenaires industriels et académiques.
CO2 laser scribe of chemically strengthened glass with high surface compressive stress (2011)

Chemically strengthened glass is finding increasing use in handheld, IT and TV cover glass applications. Chemically strengthened glass, particularly with high (>600MPa) compressive stress (CS) and deeper depth of layer (DOL), enable to retain higher strength after damage than non-strengthened glass when its surface is abraded. Corning Gorilla® Glass has particularly proven to be advantageous over competition in this attribute. However, due to high compressive stress (CS) and Central Tension (CT) cutting ion-exchanged glass is extremely difficult and often unmanageable where ever the applications require dicing the chemically strengthened mother glass into smaller parts. We at Corning have developed a CO<sub>2</sub> laser scribe and break method (LSB) to separate a single chemically strengthened glass sheet into plurality of devices. Furthermore, CO<sub>2</sub> laser scribe and break method enables debris-free separation of glass with high edge strength due to its mirror-like edge finish. We have investigated laser scribe and break of chemically strengthened glass with surface compressive stress greater than 600 MPa. In this paper we present the results of CO<sub>2</sub> scribe and break method and underlying laser scribing mechanisms. We demonstrated cross-scribe repetitively on GEN 2 size chemically strengthened glass substrates. Specimens for edge strength measurements of different thickness and CS/DOL glass were prepared using the laser scribe and break technique. The specimens were tested using the standard 4-point bend method and the results are presented.
Adaptive interacting multiple model tracking of manuevering targets (2002)

In this paper we investigate adaptive interacting multiple model (AIMM) tracking techniques. Here we compare two existing IMM approaches and propose a new novel technique. Our algorithm is based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) tracking method with the addition of an adaptive acceleration model to track behavior that falls in between the fixed model dynamics. In this research, we found that the adaptive model matches more closely the true system dynamics when the target kinematics lie in between the fixed models thus improving the overall performance of the tracking system. Also, we found that our new AIMM outperforms the classical IMM as well as the existing adaptive approaches with reduced computational complexity.