gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optimum optical geometry for recording a full-color transmission type holographic screen of large size</title> (2000)

In making a large size transmission type holographic screen for full color image projection. We revealed several factors that are the main reasons of image performance deterioration. Bragg condition fulfillment and emulsion shrinkage are decisive factors for governing the chromatic performance at the near edge of the screen. By considering these factors, developed optimum geometry for recording the large size holographic screen. The Bragg condition effect was analyzed quantitatively over the whole screen and it shows some colors aren't reproduced satisfactory at the screen edges. Recording condition and image projection condition are balanced properly and image quality is endhenced, by normally aligning line from reference beam source to projector at the screen center. And the recording setup was modified for compensating the photoplate emulsion shrinkage. Transmission type holographic screen of 40 cm X 60 cm was manufactured by using optimum recording setup. The screen has high brightness, and good color reproduction on the whole surface.
Azaprostanoic acid derivatives. Inhibitors of arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation (1979)

A series of 13-azaprostanoic acids (4a-h) and a 15-azaprostanoic acid (11a) have been prepared. Synthesis of the 15-aza derivative is based on a novel transformation of a ketone to an N-substituted ethylenamine using a formylmethylimino phosphate derivative. Several of the azaprostanoic acid derivatives were found to be potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, whereas no effect was observed on ADP-induced primary aggregation, indicating blockade of the platelet arachidonic acid cascade. The compounds do not inhibit bovine cyclooxygenase activity and are postulated as acting beyond the synthesis of the prostaglandin endoperoxides. The inhibitory effect of the 13-aza series is highly sensitive to both stereochemistry and length of the amino side chain. Any deviation from the natural prostaglandin skeletal arrangement results in decreased biological activity.
Large Scale Manufacturing of TXU(Anti-CD7)-Pokeweed Antiviral Protein (PAP) Immunoconjugate for Clinical Trials (1997)

We have conjugated the murine monoclonal anti-CD7 antibody TXU to the plant hemitoxin pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) to construct an effective immunotoxin against CD7 antigen positive hematologic malignancies. The scaled-up production and purification of TXU antibody, PAP toxin, and TXU-PAP immunotoxin permitted the manufacturing of a highly purified clinical-grade TXU-PAP preparation. In clonogenic assays, TXU-PAP elicited selective and potent cytotoxicity against CD7 antigen positive human leukemia cells and killed primary clonogenic leukemic cells from T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. To our knowledge, this pre-IND work represents the first effort of producing a clinical-grade PAP immunotoxin for treatment of T-lineage ALL. Since the CD7 antigen is also expressed on AML cells, TXU-PAP could also be useful for the treatment of CD7 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
Evaluation of Novel Liner Concepts for Fan and Airframe Noise Reduction (2016)

This paper presents a review of four novel liner concepts: soft vanes, over-the-rotor liners, external liners, and flap side-edge liners. A number of similarities in the design and evaluation of these concepts emerged during these investigations. Since these were the first attempts to study these particular liner concepts, there was limited information to guide the design process. In all cases, the target frequencies (or frequency range) were known, but the optimum acoustic impedance and optimum liner placement were typically not known. For these cases, the maximum available surface was used and a c-impedance was targeted based on the assumption the sound field impinges on the surface at normal incidence. This choice proved fruitful for every application. An impedance prediction model was used to design variable-depth liner configurations, and a graphical design code (ILIAD) was developed to aid in this process. The ability to build increasingly complex liner configurations via additive manufacturing was key, such that multiple designs could quickly be tested in a normal incidence impedance tube. The Two-Thickness Method was used to evaluate available bulk materials, such that bulk liners could also be considered for each application. These novel liner concepts provide sufficient noise reduction to warrant further investigations.
Quantum well thermoelectric devices and applications (2004)

This paper discloses the recent developments of high efficiency quantum well thermoelectrics at Hi-Z Technology, Inc. The performance of the latest P type B/sub 4/C/B/sub 9/C- N-type Si/SiGe couple will be presented as well as data for the new N-type Si/SiC that will replace Si/SiGe and improve couple efficiency. Preliminary calculations regarding the development of actual quantum well modules will be presented for both power prediction and cooling applications. These modules can be used in future energy conversion system as well as air conditioning system designs. Our current efforts to produce quantum well films more rapidly will be discussed.
Hollow core optical fibres with comparable attenuation to silica fibres between 600 and 1100 nm (2020)

For over 50 years, pure or doped silica glass optical fibres have been an unrivalled platform for the transmission of laser light and optical data at wavelengths from the visible to the near infra-red. Rayleigh scattering, arising from frozen-in density fluctuations in the glass, fundamentally limits the minimum attenuation of these fibres and hence restricts their application, especially at shorter wavelengths. Guiding light in hollow (air) core fibres offers a potential way to overcome this insurmountable attenuation limit set by the glass's scattering, but requires reduction of all the other loss-inducing mechanisms. Here we report hollow core fibres, of nested antiresonant design, with losses comparable or lower than achievable in solid glass fibres around technologically relevant wavelengths of 660, 850, and 1060 nm. Their lower than Rayleigh scattering loss in an air-guiding structure offers the potential for advances in quantum communications, data transmission, and laser power delivery.
A Novel Modified Switched Inductor Boost Converter With Reduced Switch Voltage Stress (2020)

Recently, switched inductor (SI) and switched capacitor techniques in dc-dc converter are recommended to achieve high voltage by using the principle of parallel charging and series discharging of reactive elements. It is noteworthy that four diodes, one high-voltage rating switch, and two inductors are required to design classical SI boost converter (SIBC). Moreover, in classical SIBC, the switch voltage stress is equal to the output voltage. In this article, modified SIBC (mSIBC) is proposed with reduced voltage stress across active switches. The proposed mSIBC configuration in this article is transformerless and simply derived by replacing the one diode of the classical SI structure with an active switch. As a result, mSIBC required low-voltage rating active switches, since the total output voltage is shared into two active switches. Moreover, the proposed mSIBC is low in cost, provides higher efficiency, and requires the same number of components compared with the classical SIBC. The continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode analysis, the effect of nonidealities on voltage gain, design methodology, and comparison are presented in detail. The operation and performance of the designed 500-W mSIBC are experimentally validated under different perturbations.
Development and validation of a gene expression signature to distinguish malignant melanoma from benign nevi. (2014)

9021 Background: Histopathologic distinction between benign and malignant melanocytic tumors can be unreliable and may lead to misdiagnosis. Measurement of biomarker gene expression has been proposed as an adjunctive diagnostic method in the evaluation of ambiguous melanocytic lesions with uncertain malignant potential. This study aimed to develop and validate a gene signature capable of accurately differentiating malignant melanoma and benign nevi. Methods: Seventy-nine candidate genes were identified based on expression changes previously observed in melanoma or other cancer types. RNA expression in five 5-μm recut sections from FFPE skin biopsy specimens was measured by qRT-PCR. The panel was refined to 40 genes based on the ability of each gene to differentiate benign from malignant lesions (AUC >70%). Expression of this refined panel was measured in 464 melanocytic lesions and forward selection in a logistic regression model was used to finalize the signature. By applying a weighting algorithm and threshold value to the expression data, the signature was translated into a numeric score capable of classifying melanocytic lesions as benign or malignant. Performance of the assay was clinically validated in a second cohort of 437 melanocytic lesions representing a spectrum of histopathologic types. Results: Using the 464 case cohort, a final signature of 23 genes was identified, consisting of 13 genes involved in immune signaling and cell differentiation and 9 housekeeping genes. In the second cohort of 437 lesions, the signature was validated to differentiate benign nevi from malignant melanoma with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 91%. Conclusions: The predominance of genes that regulate melanocyte differentiation and immune response in the final signature indicates that these pathways represent critical differences between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. The performance, objectivity, reliability, and minimal tissue requirements of this diagnostic test make it well-suited for clinical use as an adjunct to histopathology. Integration of this assay into current practice has the potential to enhance patient care through more definitive diagnoses of melanocytic lesions.
Bovine kidney <i>β</i>-mannosidase: purification and characterization (1993)

Lysosomal beta-mannosidase was purified 160,000-fold in 24% yield from bovine kidney by a four-step purification procedure, which included concanavalin A-Sepharose, immunoaffinity, TSK-butyl and h.p.l.c. cation-exchange chromatography. When analysed by SDS/PAGE and detected by Coomassie Blue or silver staining, the purified enzyme preparation consists of two prominent peptides (100 and 110 kDa) and a third minor peptide (84 kDa). These three peptides are immunologically related and are consistently associated with beta-mannosidase activity in all chromatographic steps. Removal of N-linked carbohydrate from the 84, 100 and 110 kDa peptides decreases their molecular sizes to 75, 86 and 91 kDa respectively. Bovine kidneys lacking beta-mannosidase, activity, acquired from calves affected with beta-mannosidosis, do not contain detectable quantities of the three beta-mannosidase peptides, as judged by monoclonal- and polyclonal-antibody reactivity.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 in Breast Cancer with Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for CYP1B1 (1999)

Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 is a recently identified member of the CYP1 P450 family. We have shown that this P450 displays increased expression in several types of human cancer, indicating that CYP1B1 is a potential tumor biomarker. In this study we developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CYP1B1 that are effective on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and investigated the presence of CYP1B1 in a series of primary breast cancers. The MAbs were generated using a synthetic peptide coupled to carrier protein as the immunogen. The MAbs specifically recognized CYP1B1 and did not recognize either CYP1A1 or CYP1A2, related CYP1 forms. The MAbs were tested by immunohistochemistry and were found to be effective on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The majority of breast cancers showed positive immunoreactivity for CYP1B1, and in each case CYP1B1 was specifically localized to tumor cells. The presence of CYP1B1 in breast cancer cells is likely to contribute to their metabolism of estradiol because CYP1B1 is a specific estradiol hydroxylase. (J Histochem Cytochem 47:1457-1464, 1999)
<title>Color characterization for image indexing and machine vision</title> (2000)

Color representation and comparison based on the histogram has proved to be very efficient for image indexing in content-based image retrieval and machine vision applications. However, the issues of color constancy and accurate color similarity measures remain unsolved. This paper presents a new algorithm for intensity- insensitive color characterization for image retrieval and machine vision applications. The color characterization algorithm divides the HSI (hue, saturation and intensity) color space into a given number of bins in such a way that the color characterization represents all the colors in the hue/saturation plane as well as black, white and gray colors. The color distribution in these bins of the HSI space is represented in the form of a one-dimensional vector called Color Spectrum Vector (CSV). The color information that is stored in the CSV is insensitive to changes in the luminance. A weighted version of CSV called WCSV is introduced to take the similarity of the neighboring bins into account. A Fuzzy Color Spectrum Vector (FCSV) color representation vector that takes into account the human uncertainty in color classification process is also introduced here. The accuracy and speed of the algorithm is demonstrated in this paper through a series of experiments on image indexing and machine vision applications.
Spatial angular compounding for ultrasound elastography (2005)

In this article, a new approach is described that enables the reduction of noise artifacts in elastography without a significant reduction in either the contrast or spatial resolution. The technique uses angular weighted compounding of local angular strains estimated from echo signals scanned at different insonification angles. Strain estimated along angular insonification directions can be separated into strain tensor components along the axial (direction of compression) and lateral directions. The mechanical stimulus is applied only along one direction. Angular weighting factors are derived from the relationship between the axial and lateral strains under the assumption of tissue incompressibility. Experimental results using a uniformly elastic tissue-mimicking phantom demonstrate the improvement in the SNR/sub e/ obtained with angular weighted compounding. Variation in the SNR/sub e/ obtained using different angular increments is also investigated. Elastograms obtained from an inclusion phantom also demonstrate the improvement in contrast detail resolution.
Photoaffinity labeling of the leukotriene D4 receptor in guinea pig lung. (1993)

The leukotriene (LT)D4 receptor has been defined as a G-protein-coupled receptor. In order to characterize this receptor, an iodinated, photoactivatable azido derivative of LTD4 (125I-azido-LTD4) has been synthesized for use as a photoaffinity probe. The characteristics of 125I-azido-LTD4 specific binding to guinea pig lung membranes were directly comparable to those of [3H]LTD4 specific binding to this tissue. 125I-Azido-LTD4 specific binding was saturable and of high affinity, enhanced by divalent cations and inhibited by sodium ions, but not potassium ions. 125I-Azido-LTD4 specific binding was also strongly inhibited by the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, GTP gamma S, with ATP gamma S being 100-fold less potent, suggesting this inhibition was due to selective interaction with a G-protein. The cysteinyl leukotrienes competed for 125I-azido-LTD4 specific binding to guinea pig lung membranes with the following rank order of potency: LTD4 > LTE4 > LTC4, while the non-cysteinyl LTB4 was virtually inactive. Two structurally different LTD4 receptor antagonists, MK-571 and ICI 204,219, also competed for 125I-azido-LTD4 specific binding with nanomolar potency, whereas the leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, MK-886, was 10,000-fold less active. These data are in agreement with 125I-azido-LTD4 binding specifically to a G-protein-coupled LTD4 receptor. Photolysis of 125I-azido-LTD4 under equilibrium binding conditions resulted in the selective radiolabeling of a 45-kDa guinea pig lung membrane protein. The photolabeling of this 45-kDa protein was saturable, modulated by cations and inhibited by nucleotide analogs in an analogous way to 125I-azido-LTD4 specific binding. In addition, the photolabeling of this protein was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by all competing ligands, with the same rank order of potency and IC50 values as determined in the 125I-azido-LTD4 binding assay. It is proposed, therefore, that this novel 45-kDa protein is the guinea pig lung LTD4 receptor.
<title>Vortex wake control via smart structures technology</title> (1996)

Control of trailing vortex wakes is an important challenges for both military and civilian applications. This paper summarizes an assessment of the feasibility of mitigating adverse vortex wake effects using control surfaces actuated via Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) technology. The assessment involved a combined computational/design analysis that identified methods for introducing small secondary vortices to promote the deintensification of vortex wakes of submarines and aircraft. Computational analyses of wake breakup using this `vortex leveraging' strategy were undertaken, and showed dramatic increases in the dissipation rate of concentrated vortex wakes. This paper briefly summarizes these results and describes the preliminary design of actuation mechanisms for the deflectable surfaces that effect the required time-varying wake perturbations. These surfaces, which build on the high-force, high- deflection capabilities of SMA materials, are shown to be well suited for the very low frequency actuation requirements of the wake deintensification mission. The paper outlines the assessment of device performance capabilities and describes the sizing studies undertaken for full-scale Vortex Leveraging Tabs (VLTs) designed for use in hydrodynamic and aerodynamic applications. Results obtained to date indicate that the proposed VLTs can accelerate wake breakup by over a factor of three and can be implemented using deflectable surfaces actuated using SMAs.
Help in the Choice of Automated or Semiautomated Immunoassays for Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Evaluation of Nine Immunoassays by the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis (2016)

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis, a benign infection, is asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic in over 80% of cases, except in immunocompetent patients suffering from ocular toxoplasmosis or in immunocompromised patients with opportunistic or congenital toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis is based mainly on serology testing. Thus, we compared the performance of the nine most commonly used commercial automated or semiautomated immunoassays for IgG and IgM Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection, that is, the Advia Centaur, Architect, AxSYM, Elecsys, Enzygnost, Liaison, Platelia, VIDAS, and VIDIA assays. The assays were conducted on four panels of serum samples derived during routine testing from patients with an interfering disease and who exhibited a low IgG antibody level in one of two clinical settings, namely, acute or chronic toxoplasmosis. As a result, IgG sensitivities ranged from 97.1% to 100%, and IgG specificities ranged from 99.5% to 100%. For IgG quantification, strong differences in IgG titers (expressed in IU/ml) were noted depending on the assay used. IgM sensitivities ranged from 65% to 97.9%, and IgM specificities ranged from 92.6% to 100%. For defining the best serological strategies to be implemented, it appears crucial to compare the diagnostic performance of the different tests with respect to their specificity and sensitivity in detecting the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies.
Functionalization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Photo-Oxidation (2010)

new technique for carbon nanotube oxidation was developed based upon the photo-oxidation of organic compounds. The resulting method is more benign than conventional oxidation approaches and produces single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with higher levels of oxidation. In this procedure, an oxygen saturated suspension of SWNTs in a suitable solvent containing a singlet oxygen sensitizer, such as Rose Bengal, is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The resulting oxidized tubes are recovered by filtering the suspension, followed by washing to remove any adsorbed solvent and sensitizer, and drying in a vacuum oven. Chemical analysis by FT-infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen content of the photo-oxidized SWCNT was 11.3 atomic % compared to 6.7 atomic % for SWCNT that had been oxidized by standard treatment in refluxing acid. The photo-oxidized SWCNT produced by this method can be used directly in various polymer matrixes, or can be further modified by chemical reactions at the oxygen functional groups and then used as additives. This method may also be suitable for use in oxidation of multiwall carbon nanotubes and graphenes.
A Real-Time Iteration Scheme with Quasi-Newton Jacobian Updates for Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (2018)

Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) re-quires the solution of a dynamic optimization problem at each sampling instant under strict timing constraints, involving nonlinear dynamics that can often be stiff or implicitly defined. The real-time iteration (RTI) scheme has been shown to allow real-world embedded applications of NMPC. The present paper proposes an extension of the standard RTI algorithm with a block-structured quasi-Newton method to obtain low-rank Jacobian updates that preserve the block structure of the optimal control problem. In addition, a particular structure-exploiting implementation is presented for implicit integration schemes such that no Jacobian evaluation is needed neither any matrix factorization. Based on a proof of concept implementation in C code, the computational performance of the algorithm is illustrated for multiple NMPC case studies.
Electrical and Thermal Stability of ALD-Deposited TiN Transition Metal Nitride Schottky Gates for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2016)

TiN, a transition metal nitride, has been evaluated as an electrically and thermally stable Schottky gate material for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. HEMTs with 75 nm TiN gates deposited via atomic layer deposition at 350°C exhibited improved static and dynamic on-state characteristics compared to Ni/Au-gated HEMTs. Reverse bias gate stressing indicated a higher critical voltage and higher breakdown voltage for the TiN-gated HEMTs. The TiN gated devices exhibited stable DC operation after annealing at temperatures as high as 800°C, while the Ni/Au gates exhibited significant degradation after annealing above 500°C and failed catastrophically at 800°C.
VLSI implementation of a maximum-likelihood decoder for the Golay (24, 12) code (1988)

J.H. Conway and N.J.A. Sloane (1986) have introduced an algorithm for the exact maximum-likelihood decoding of the Golay (24, 12) code in the additive white Gaussian noise channel that requires significantly fewer computations than previous algorithms. An efficient bit-serial VLSI implementation of this algorithm is described. The design consists of two chips developed using path-programmable logic (PPL) and an associated system of automated design tools for three- mu m NMOS technology. It is estimated that this decoder will produce an information bit every 1.6-2.4 mu s. Higher speeds can be achieved by using a faster technology or by replicating the chips to perform more operations in parallel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>