gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design automation for quantum architectures (2017)

We survey recent strides made towards building a software framework that is capable of compiling quantum algorithms from a high-level description down to physical gates that can be implemented on a fault-tolerant quantum computer. We discuss why compilation and design automation tools such as the ones in our framework are key for tackling the grand challenge of building a scalable quantum computer. We then describe specialized libraries that have been developed using the LIQUi|〉 programming language. This includes reversible circuits for arithmetic as well as new, truly quantum approaches that rely on quantum computer architectures that allow the probabilistic execution of gates, a model that can reduce time and space overheads in some cases. We highlight why these libraries are useful for the implementation of many quantum algorithms. Finally, we survey the tool Revs that facilitate resource efficient compilation of higher-level irreversible programs into lower-level reversible circuits while trying to optimize the memory footprint of the resulting reversible networks. This is motivated by the limited availability of qubits for the foreseeable future.
Feasibility study on signal separation for spontaneous alpha decay in LaBr3: Ce scintillator by signal peak-to-charge discrimination (2015)

A novel analysis method named peak-to-charge ratio (V(p)/Q(total)) discrimination, aiming at background rejection especially for alpha decay self-activity in LaBr3: Ce scintillators has been developed. This method is based on a waveform analysis using the peak-to-charge ratio in the output waveform of a photomultiplier tube. The discrimination of alpha-induced events was achieved by using a threshold function based on the error propagation of the V(p)/Q(total) value. The accidental rejection ratio of gamma-induced events was evaluated to be 0.17%. Furthermore, a total absorption peak spectrum processed with the V(p)/Q(total) discrimination method for (68)Ga 1.883 MeV gamma rays, where the energy was overlapped with background alpha events, reproduced exactly the same result as that of the background subtraction method. The difference in measured peak counts of both methods was 0.716%, and the statistical error in the V(p)/Q(total) discrimination method and background subtraction was 4.81% and 8.70%, respectively. Thus a higher-accuracy measurement could be achieved using the V(p)/Q(total) discrimination method. The present study demonstrates that the V(p)/Q(total) discrimination method is a promising method for background rejection of the spontaneous alpha decay in LaBr3:Ce scintillators.
MEMS composite structures for tunable capacitors and IC-package nano interconnects (2004)

This paper presents novel low-temperature processes that combine high-aspect-ratio polymer structures with electroless copper plating to create laterally compliant MEMS structures. This low-cost processing was developed for two applications: 1) low-voltage comb-drive actuators for tunable capacitors to reduce the tuning voltage in MEMS structures to less than 5 V and simultaneously increase the capacitance in between the electrode fingers; 2) compliant IC-package interconnects for reliable, low-cost and high-performance nano wafer-level packaging. In both situations, metallic structures show limited electrical performance and create severe reliability issues. Analytical modeling was used to show the advantages of novel composite structures. High-aspect ratio structures were fabricated from lithography and plasma etching. Processing of metal-coated polymers is limited by side-wall adhesion of metal to the polymer and polymer adhesion to underlying substrates. While photodefinable polymers can simplify the processing cost, a dry plasma etching process can give more flexibility in the selection of polymers.
Production of highly and broad-range specific monoclonal antibodies against hemagglutinin of H5-subtype avian influenza viruses and their differentiation by mass spectrometry (2018)

Our work provided a unique panel of anti-H5 HA mAbs, which meets the demand for novel, high-specificity analytical tools for use in serologic surveillance. Applications of these mAbs in areas other than diagnostics are also possible. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that peptide mapping of antibody fragments with mass spectrometry is an efficient method for the differentiation of antibody clones and relevant antibody-producing cell lines. The method may be successfully used to characterize mAbs at the protein level.
The embryo culture media in the era of epigenetics: is it time to go back to nature? (2022)

This review is intended to draw attention to the importance of the culture media composition on the health of the embryos, fetuses, newborns, and adults derived from assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although current research and industry trends are to use chemically defined media because of their suitability for manufacturing, commercialization, and regulatory purposes, compelling evidence indicates that those media fail to adequately account for the biological demands of early embryogenesis. Here, we list the main undesirable consequences of the ART described in the literature and results we and others have obtained over the past decade exploring an alternative and more natural way to support embryo growth <i>in vitro</i>: inclusion of endogenous reproductive fluids as additives in the ART culture media for pigs, cows, and humans. This review systematically assesses the pros and cons of using reproductive fluid additives, as well as the requirements to implement this approach in the future.
ICPIK: Inverse Kinematics based articulated-ICP (2015)

In this paper we address the problem of matching a kinematic model of an articulated body to a point cloud obtained from a consumer grade 3D sensor. We present the ICPIK algorithm - an Articulated Iterative Closest Point algorithm based on a solution to the Inverse Kinematic problem. The main virtue of the presented algorithm is its computational efficiency, achieved by relying on inverse-kinematics framework for analytical derivation of the Jacobian matrix, and the enforcement of kinematic constraints. We demonstrate the performance of the ICPIK algorithm by integrating it into a real-time hand tracking system. The presented algorithm achieves similar accuracy as state of the art methods, while significantly reducing computation time.
GeoFill: Reference-Based Image Inpainting with Better Geometric Understanding (2022)

Reference-guided image inpainting restores image pixels by leveraging the content from another single reference image. The primary challenge is how to precisely place the pixels from the reference image into the hole region. Therefore, understanding the 3D geometry that relates pixels between two views is a crucial step towards building a better model. Given the complexity of handling various types of reference images, we focus on the scenario where the images are captured by freely moving the same camera around. Compared to the previous work, we propose a principled approach that does not make heuristic assumptions about the planarity of the scene. We leverage a monocular depth estimate and predict relative pose between cameras, then align the reference image to the target by a differentiable 3D reprojection and a joint optimization of relative pose and depth map scale and offset. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both RealEstate10K and MannequinChallenge dataset with large baselines, complex geometry and extreme camera motions. We experimentally verify our approach is also better at handling large holes.
Turn-on Delay Based Real-Time Junction Temperature Measurement for SiC MOSFETs With Aging Compensation (2020)

Online junction temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) measurement enables robust power converter operations by providing overtemperature protection and condition monitoring of the power devices. For SiC MOSFETs, the real-time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> information is especially critical as limited field data are available regarding the reliability. In this article, utilizing the turn-ON delay time as temperature sensitive electrical parameter, an online T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> measurement is realized through an intelligent gate drive. Specifically, the turn-ON delay time is translated into the pulsewidth of a digital signal through the conditioning/logic circuits. During T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> measurements, the adjustable gate resistance circuit is activated to improve the measurement sensitivity beyond 600 ps/°C. Using the high-resolution capture module (300-ps resolution) in the system microcontroller, this pulsewidth is measured and then converted to junction temperature with a resolution of <; 0.5 °C. A prototype is built to validate the online T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> measurement method. The switching test results show that the circuit is able to precisely measure T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d,on</sub> and offers a good linearity/sensitivity for T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation. In the continuous operation, the junction temperature of a decapsulated device using an infrared camera and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> obtained from the circuit match well with <; 1 °C difference under various operating conditions. In addition, the gate-oxide degradation's impact on T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d,on</sub> is considered for SiC MOSFETs, and an aging compensation scheme is discussed to maintain the measurement accuracy throughout the device's lifetime. It is shown that the proposed circuit provides an accurate real-time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> measurement for SiC MOSFETs, which can be deployed to improve the power converters' reliability.
Melt/Solution Processable Polyaniline and Blends (2002)

Conducting polyaniline (PANI) has been attracting great attention in recent times due to its electrical, electrochemical and optical properties as well as its environmental stability. Unfortunately, the limitations in synthetic procedures and poor processability of PANI have restricted its commercialization. It opened up vast avenues in research for developing novel methods and techniques of both scientific and industrial importance for making conducting polymers fusible or soluble. During the past few years, many attempts have been made to improve processability of PANI such as doping with functionalised dopants, blending with conventional polymers, novel synthetic routes for the preparation of PANI and its modification with various ring or N-substituents. Among the methods so far developed, the protonation of PANI with functionalised dopants and blending with thermoplastics are the strategies being widely adopted. Functionalised dopants possessing plasticising cum protonating abilities, synthesized from naturally existing materials, are also reported to be promising. Thus, the use of functionalised dopants possessing plasticising cum protonating abilities could be of value in preparing melt/solution processable blends of thermoplastics/elastomeric polymers with PANI and might pave way for solutions to problems such as processability, cost and reliability on commercialisation of the conducting polymers and its blends.
Abstract 396: Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by the Hippo Pathway and Dystrophin Complex (2016)

Regeneration in mammalian hearts is limited due to the extremely low renewal rate of cardiomyocytes and their inability to reenter the cell cycle. In rodent hearts, endogenous regenerative capacity exists during development but is rapidly repressed after birth, at which time growth is by hypertrophy. During the developmental and neonatal periods, heart regeneration occurs through proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Our approach of activating heart regeneration is to uncover the mechanisms responsible for repression of cardiomyocyte proliferation. The Hippo pathway controls heart size by repressing cardiomyocyte proliferation during development. By deleting Salv , a modulator of the Hippo pathway, we found that myocardial damage in postnatal and adult hearts was repaired both anatomically and functionally. This heart repair occurred primary through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes. During repair, cardiomyocytes reenter the cell cycle; de novo DNA synthesis, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis all take place. The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is essential for muscle maintenance by anchoring the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Disruption of the DGC results in muscular dystrophies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, resulting in both skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Recently the DGC was shown to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and we found that the DGC and the Hippo pathway components directly interact. To address if the DGC and the Hippo pathway coordinately regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation, we conditionally deleted Salv in the mouse model of muscular dystrophy, the mdx line. We found that simultaneous disruption of both the DGC and Hippo pathway leads an increased de novo DNA synthesis and cytokinesis in cardiomyocytes after heart damage. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms leading to heart repair through proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes.
A New Algorithm to Quantify the Productivity of Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Gas Wells (2019)

Abstract Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is considered as a solution to low-productivity wells when the reservoir properties are not good enough to produce oil or gas naturally. The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) is the most common method used to evaluate well productivity. Many models have been introduced to estimate the IPR for horizontal wells. However, a significant error will result when they are applied for fractured horizontal wells. This work introduces a new IPR model to estimate gas production rates from multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal gas wells at different well pressures. A single-horizontal-well simulation model was built to generate the production data, and several scenarios were created by changing different parameters, such reservoir permeability anisotropy and fracture properties (fracture dimensions, conductivity, and the number of fractures) to determine the parameters that significantly affect gas production rates from such wells. After the effective parameters were determined, 70% of the resultant data was used to develop the new IPR model using nonlinear regression techniques, while 30% of the data was used for testing. Afterward, a statistical study was performed to evaluate the proposed model to ensure its accuracy in estimating gas production rates using different statistical means, such as R-squared, mean percentage error, variance, and standard deviation. The term dimensionless conductivity was introduced to simplify the model. This term is a combination of reservoir permeability, fracture half-length, and fracture conductivity. The gas production rate was found to be a strong function of the ratio between vertical and horizontal permeability, the number of fractures, and fracture conductivity, while the height of the fracture and the half-length had no significant effect on the dimensionless IPR curve. The new model showed an excellent performance in estimating gas production rates for hydraulically fractured horizontal wells with a mean percentage error of 3.06% and R-squared of 0.9966. This study introduced a new simple and reliable IPR model that accurately estimates the gas production rates from multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal gas wells at different flowing bottom-hole pressures.
Sound radiation measurement with nearfield holography (1982)

With holography, an entire 3D wave field can be reconstructed from data obtained on a single 2D surface. Such high information content has made holography a powerful research tool, and useful extensions from its original optical domain to other wave fields, such as sound, have naturally been pursued. However, it has usually been assumed that the resolution of a holographic reconstruction is limited by the wavelength of the radiation; this limitation severely diminishes the usefulness of holography for sound fields when the wavelengths are many times larger than the objects to be imaged. We have developed a new technique called nearfield holography, which eliminates the wavelength resolution limit and in addition permits a determination of: (1) the complete sound pressure and particle velocity fields produced by the source; (2) the mode of vibration of the surfaces of the source; (3) the vector intensity field (showing flow of acoustic energy) around the source; (4) the farfield directivity pattern; (5) the total power radiated into a half-space. A particularly interesting application of nearfield holography occurs in the study of sound radiation from musical instruments. [Work supported by ONR.]
Enhanced performance of joint cooling and energy production (2015)

A three-terminal thermoelectric junction is studied theoretically and a counterintuitive result is obtained. The cooling efficiency is increased for configurations when not only one terminal is cooled but also electric power is generated.
Air and water sterilization using non-thermal plasma (2007)

The sterilization effect of plasma on air and water were investigated in this study*. For air sterilization, a small scale model of HVAC was designed and Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma source was used for treatment of air. This PDRF (Pathogen Detection and Remediation Facility) consisted of a circulatory airflow system, a plasma chamber and a sampling system. Air sterilization experiments were performed and the inactivation of Escherichia coli was studied. Conventional water sterilization methods such as chlorination, ozonation, filtration, UV irradiation etc have several drawbacks. Pulsed plasma discharge for the destruction of microorganisms in waste water and potable water is a cost effective technique developed recently. The energy efficiency of different types of plasma discharges in water contaminated with Escherichia coli has been studied. The effect of initial concentration of bacterial solution on the inactivation efficiency has also been studied
Metastasis-related genes in prostate cancer. (1999)

The identification of genes specifically related to the development of metastatic disease in prostate cancer is complicated by tumor cell heterogeneity and the presence of expressed sequences that are not related to metastasis. A system was designed to minimize these complications using differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) together with genetically paired cell lines derived from primary mouse prostate cancer and their associated metastases generated in vivo by the metastatic mouse prostate cancer reconstitution model. Using this system, a number of metastasis-related sequences were identified, including a cDNA that encodes caveolin-1.
Pore surface engineering in porous, chemically stable covalent organic frameworks for water adsorption (2015)

In this investigation, we have explored the possibility of a class of chemically stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as water adsorbing materials through pore surface engineering.
Prokaryotic Expression Cloning of a Novel Human Tyrosine Kinase (1994)

Screening of a human embryonic lung fibroblast cDNA expression library with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies led to isolation of a novel protein kinase. A clone, designated A6, contained a 3-kb cDNA insert with a predicted open reading frame of 350 amino acids. DNA sequence analysis failed to reveal any detectable similarity with previously known genes, and the predicted A6 protein lacked any of the motifs commonly conserved in the catalytic domains of protein kinases. However, the bacterially expressed beta-galactosidase-A6 fusion protein demonstrated both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in an in vitro kinase assay and phosphorylated exogenous substrates including myelin basic protein specifically on tyrosine residues. The enzyme also displayed biochemical properties analogous to those of other protein tyrosine kinases. The A6 gene was found to be expressed widely at the transcript level in normal tissues and was evolutionarily conserved. Thus, A6 represents a novel tyrosine kinase which is highly divergent from previously described members of this important class of regulatory molecules.
Microstructured Magnetic Materials for RF Flux Guides in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2001)

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy systems use coils, either singly or as arrays, to intercept radio-frequency (RF) magnetic flux from regions of interest, often deep within the body. Here, we show that a new magnetic material offers novel possibilities for guiding RF flux to the receiver coil, permitting a clear image to be obtained where none might otherwise be detectable. The new material contains microstructure designed according to concepts taken from the field of photonic band gap materials. In the RF range, it has a magnetic permeability that can be produced to specification while exhibiting negligible direct-current magnetism. The latter property is vital to avoid perturbing the static and audio-frequency magnetic fields needed to obtain image and spectral data. The concept offers a new paradigm for the manipulation of RF flux in all nuclear magnetic resonance systems.
Signal-to-noise measurements utilizing a novel dual-energy multimedia detector (2001)

Dual-energy measurements are presented utilizing a novel slot-scan digital radiographic imaging detector, operating on gaseous solid state ionization principles. The novel multimedia detector has two basic functional components: a noble gas-filled detector volume operating on gas microstrip principles, and a solid state detector volume. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential use of this multimedia detector for enhanced dual-energy imaging. The experimental results indicate that the multimedia detector exhibits a large subtracted signal-to-noise ratio. Although the intrinsic merit of this device is being explored for medical imaging, potential applications of the multimedia detector technology In other industrial areas, such as aerospace imaging, aviation security, and surveillance, are also very promising.
A Foil-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology for Metal Parts (2016)

In this paper, the method, system setup, and procedure of a new additive manufacturing (AM) technology for manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) metal parts are introduced. Instead of using metal powders as in most commercial AM technologies, the new method uses metal foils as feed stock. The procedure consists of two alternating processes: foil-welding by a high-power continuous-wave (CW) laser and foil-cutting by a Q-switched ultraviolet (UV) laser. The foil-welding process involves two subprocesses: laser spot welding and laser raster-scan welding. The reason for using two lasers is to achieve simultaneously the high-speed and high-precision manufacturing. The results on laser foil-welding and foil-cutting show that complete and strong welding bonds can be achieved with determined parameters, and that clean and no-burr/distortion cut of foil can be obtained. Several 3D AISI 1010 steel parts fabricated by the proposed AM technology are presented, and the microhardness and tensile strength of the as-fabricated parts are both significantly greater than those of the original foil.