gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphonate monolayer adsorbate on the microwave photoresponse of TiO<sub>2</sub>nanotube membranes mounted on a planar double ring resonator (2016)

In this study, the effects of a phosphonate molecular monolayer adsorbed on the surface of a free-standing self-organized TiO2 nanotube membrane, on the microwave photoresponse of the membrane are presented. This phenomenon is monitored using planar microwave sensors. A double ring resonator is utilized to monitor the permittivity and conductivity variation on the monolayer coated membrane and the sensor environment separately. It is shown that the rise time and subsequent decay of the amplitude (A), resonance frequency (f 0) and quality factor (Q) of the resonator depend on the existence and the type of the monolayer coating the membrane. Three different monolayers of n-decylphosphonic acid (DPA), 1H, 1H', 2H, 2H'-perfluorodecyl phosphonic acid (PFDPA) and 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid adsorbed on the titania nanotube membrane are investigated while monitoring their microwave properties during the illumination time period and in the relaxation period, which demonstrate different behavior in comparison to each other and to the bare nanotube membrane layer. The effect of humidity on the TiO2 nanotube membrane with and without different monolayers is also studied and the results demonstrate distinguishable microwave responses. While each of the monolayer-coated membranes exhibited an attenuation of the photo-induced change in A, f 0 and Q with respect to the bare membrane, PFDPA-coated membranes showed the smallest relative change in the monitored microwave parameters upon ultraviolet illumination and upon the introduction of different levels of humidity. These effects are explained on the basis of surface trap passivation by the monolayers as well as the hydrophobicity of the monolayers. Our work also shows how the interactions of self-assembled monolayers with charge carriers and surface states on metal oxides may be used to indirectly sense their presence through measurement of the microwave response.
Recent Advances of Hepatitis B Detection towards Paper-Based Analytical Devices (2021)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) still remains a major global public health problem. One-half to one-third of the total HBV infected people died due to late detection of HBV. Serological antigen and viral HBV detections can help in the diagnosis, referral, and treatment of HBV. Available methods for HBV detection mostly used bulky instruments. Miniaturization of devices for HBV detection has been started by narrowing down the size of the devices. Several methods have also been proposed to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the miniaturized methods, such as sandwich recognition of the biomarkers and the use of nano- to micro-sized materials. This review presents recent HBV detections in the last two decades from laboratory-based instruments towards microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (<i>µ</i>PADs) for point-of-care testing (POCT) purposes. Early and routine analysis to detect HBV as early as possible could be achieved by POCT, especially for areas with limited access to a central laboratory and/or medical facilities.
Chapter 6 The Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Organization of Polarized Epithelial Cell Membranes (1996)

With the discovery of a spectrin-based cytoskeleton in probably all eukaryotic cells, several aspects of the erythrocyte paradigm have been challenged. Spectrin in nonerythroid cells often displays a nonhomogenous spatial and temporal distribution and may not be associated with the peripheral plasma membrane at all. In neurons and skeletal muscles, different isoforms of spectrin are confined to distinct regions of the postsynaptic membrane, such as βIΣ2-spectrin at the postsynaptic density of cerebellar granule cells. Epithelial cells present the biggest challenge to the red-cell paradigm. Experimental removal of spectrin from the membrane of cultured epithelial cells by microinjection of anti-spectrin antibodies does not result in altered cell shape or membrane instability. The major role of the spectrin-actin infrastructure in red cells is to provide membrane stability and to ensure deformability, thus enabling erythrocytes to survive the turbulent capillary microcirculation and splenic sinusoids. This task is accomplished by the skeleton's elastic properties and by its role in maintaining integral membrane proteins in a laterally homogenous state
Rehabilitation des Sportlerellenbogens (2022)

Bei Verletzungen des Ellenbogens drohen schwerwiegende Konsequenzen. Folgt man den Anweisungen unserer Autorin, stehen die Chancen gut, dass Betroffene nach einer Verletzung wieder Sport treiben können.
Bridge to Lung Transplantation With the Extracorporeal Membrane Ventilator Novalung in the Veno-Venous Mode: The Initial Hannover Experience (2007)

Conventional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mechanical ventilation have both been identified as significant risk factors for post-lung transplant mortality when applied as a bridge to lung transplantation. We have previously described the successful use of the extracorporeal membrane ventilator Novalung as a bridge to lung transplantation in patients with severe hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. In this setting the Novalung was connected in the arterio-venous mode without support of a mechanical blood pump. However, in patients with predominant hypoxemia, this pumpless mode does not achieve sufficient blood oxygenation due to limited blood flow. Thus, such patients require pump-driven support. Here we describe our initial experience with the Novalung extracorporeal membrane ventilator, which was originally designed for pumpless carbon dioxide removal, as a bridge to lung transplantation in patients with ventilator-refractory hypoxemia in the veno-venous pump-driven mode.
Allelic association, DNA resequencing and copy number variation at the metabotropic glutamate receptor <i>GRM7</i> gene locus in bipolar disorder (2014)

Genetic markers at the GRM7 gene have shown allelic association with bipolar disorder (BP) in several case-control samples including our own sample. In this report, we present results of resequencing the GRM7 gene in 32 bipolar samples and 32 random controls selected from 553 bipolar cases and 547 control samples (UCL1). Novel and potential etiological base pair changes discovered by resequencing were genotyped in the entire UCL case-control sample. We also report on the association between GRM7 and BP in a second sample of 593 patients and 642 controls (UCL2). The three most significantly associated SNPs in the original UCL1 BP GWAS sample were genotyped in the UCL2 sample, of which none were associated. After combining the genotype data for the two samples only two (rs1508724 and rs6769814) of the original three SNP markers remained significantly associated with BP. DNA sequencing revealed mutations in three cases which were absent in control subjects. A 3'-UTR SNP rs56173829 was found to be significantly associated with BP in the whole UCL sample (P = 0.035; OR = 0.482), the rare allele being less common in cases compared to controls. Bioinformatic analyses predicted a change in the centroid secondary structure of RNA and alterations in the miRNA binding sites for the mutated base of rs56173829. We also validated two deletions and a duplication within GRM7 using quantitative-PCR which provides further support for the pre-existing evidence that copy number variants at GRM7 may have a role in the etiology of BP.
Trop-2 Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis By Modulating β1 Integrin Functions (2013)

The molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic dissemination are still not completely understood. We have recently shown that β(1) integrin-dependent cell adhesion to fibronectin and signaling is affected by a transmembrane molecule, Trop-2, which is frequently upregulated in human carcinomas. Here, we report that Trop-2 promotes metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer cells in vivo and is abundantly expressed in metastasis from human prostate cancer. We also show here that Trop-2 promotes prostate cancer cell migration on fibronectin, a phenomenon dependent on β(1) integrins. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Trop-2 and the α(5)β(1) integrin associate through their extracellular domains, causing relocalization of α(5)β(1) and the β(1)-associated molecule talin from focal adhesions to the leading edges. Trop-2 effect is specific as this molecule does not modulate migration on vitronectin, does not associate with the major vitronectin receptor, α(v)β(3) integrin, and does not affect localization of α(v)β(3) integrin as well as vinculin in focal adhesions. We show that Trop-2 enhances directional prostate cancer cell migration, through modulation of Rac1 GTPase activity. Finally, we show that Trop-2 induces activation of PAK4, a kinase that has been reported to mediate cancer cell migration. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that β(1) integrin-dependent migratory and metastatic competence of prostate cancer cells is enhanced by Trop-2.
Level C+ data reuse scheme for motion estimation with corresponding coding orders (2006)

The memory bandwidth reduction for motion estimation is important because of the power consumption and limited memory bandwidth in video coding systems. In this paper, we propose a Level C+ scheme which can fully reuse the overlapped searching region in the horizontal direction and partially reuse the overlapped searching region in the vertical direction to save more memory bandwidth compared to the Level C scheme. However, direct implementation of the Level C+ scheme may conflict with some important coding tools and then induces a lower hardware efficiency of video coding systems. Therefore, we propose n-stitched zigzag scan for the Level C+ scheme and discuss two types of 2-stitched zigzag scan for MPEG-4 and H.264 as examples. They can reduce memory bandwidth and solve the conflictions. When the specification is HDTV 720p, where the searching range is [-128,128), the required memory bandwidth is only 54%, and the increase of on-chip memory size is only 12% compared to those of traditional Level C data reuse scheme.
Multiscale Analysis of the Amyloid Degradation Toxicity Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and affects millions of people around the world. Neuronal death in AD is initiated by the toxic action of oligomeric amyloid-&beta; (A&beta;) peptides. The formation of membrane channels by A&beta; is a primary molecular action and does not require any other proteins. Channels are formed by short amyloid fragments faster and more frequently than by full-length peptides. The channel formation is dependent on an electrostatic interaction between a positively charged peptide and a negatively charged membrane. Negative membranes can be found in several locations of a cell &ndash; the inner leaflet of plasma membrane, mitochondria, and lysosomes, which all are well-known cellular targets in AD. Considering that the amyloid enters a cell by endocytosis and is exposed to lysosomal enzymes, we propose the amyloid degradation toxicity hypothesis. Endopeptidases degrade the endocytosed peptide. Produced fragments form membrane channels, which can transfer various ions (including protons) and even relatively large compounds. The neutralization of lysosomal content inactivates enzymes, which fails the whole system of recycling cellular content, including autophagy. The permeabilization of lysosomes could also lead to cell death through necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. We discuss several mechanisms that describe how amyloid degradation products reach plasma and mitochondrial membranes, and form membrane channels. The pathogenesis of AD is discussed at various levels in a context of how the primary molecular mechanism of membrane channel formation could progress into the disease state. The discussion starts at the molecular level and extends to why the development of a disease takes years and is closely associated with aging. The proposed hypothesis offers an interpretation to several clinical observations such as the involvement of iron metabolism and an inverse association between developing Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Predictions about potential biomarkers and effectiveness of future treatments are discussed.
All-Optical Subpicosecond Magnetic Switching in NiO(001) (2004)

Combining optical control theory with ab initio quantum chemistry and electronic crystal field theory we explore the laser induced femtosecond spin dynamics. We propose a scenario for ultrafast all-optical magnetic switching that results from the combination of spin-orbit coupling with appropriately shaped short laser pulses. We find that the application of the theory to the multiplet states within the gap of NiO(001) predicts for the first time the possibility of all-optical spin switching within 100 fs. The switching can be observed using any of the multiplets as the intermediate state.
<title>MEMS metrology station based on two interferometers</title> (1997)

An optical metrology station has been developed for measuring static and dynamic displacements of a forced balance vibration micromachined sensor. The station uses tow fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometers along with homodyne demodulation for generating real time displacement measurements having nanometer range resolution. The MEMS electro-optical interferometry test station is fully automated through the use of motorized x-y-z linear stages for fiber positioning and through the use of a PC running a LabView software user interface for data acquisition control and signal demodulation. The station has been given extensive graphic capabilities for simplified operation and data interpretation. Although the MEMS optical interferometry test station has been implemented to assist in the characterization of InterScience's wideband accelerometers, the concept of homodyne demodulation can be easily extended for performing metrology in a wide variety of MEMS structures for both, static and dynamic analyses. In this paper we report the design and construction. We also discus its potential for complete automation and the intended operation of the system in a pressure controlled environment. The operation of the system under rough or better vacuum conditions has been considered in the presented design through the use of vacuum compatible components. It is anticipated that vacuum operation will be incorporated in future upgrades of the present station since viscous damping is a factor of critical importance in microscopic vibrating structures.
Design and development of a safe robot manipulator using a new actuation concept (2013)

This paper presents the design and development of a novel two Degrees-Of-Freedom (DOF) safe robot manipulator. Magneto-Rheological (MR) clutches are incorporated in the design to enable antagonistic actuation at the joints. A single unidirectional motor supports bidirectional actuation of all joints. Unlike most current safe robots, high quality actuation is preserved, while the manipulator weight and effective inertia are reduced. This is achieved by relocating the driving motor to the base of the robot. Moreover, MR clutches have been shown to pose superior torque to mass, and torque to inertia characteristics over conventional servo motors, further contributing to the reduction of manipulator mass and inertia. The manipulator exhibits both high performance and intrinsic safety as a result of mechanically passive dynamics. A set of experiments is performed to validate the manipulator performance.
Resistant starch evaluation and in vitro fermentation of lemantak (native sago starch), for prebiotic assessment (2018)

Resistant starch is the non-digestible portion of starch that reaches the colon and act as a prebiotic to stimulate the activity and growth of beneficial gut microbiota. In the present study, resistant starch content of native (lemantak), commercialized and retrograded sago and starch was analysed, and the in vitro fermentability with known probiotics were investigated. Retrograded starch was produced through two cycles of autoclaving and cooling steps. The resistant starch content of each modified starch were measured based on the method approved by AOAC 2002.02. The in vitro batch fermentation was carried out with inoculation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis at 37°C for 24 hours in anaerobic condition. Total bacteria was enumerated at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Highest resistant starch content was shown in lemantak (native sago starch) at 62.61%. Lemantak was also shown to be the most preferred fermentation substrate with the highest number of total bacterial count at all sampling hours. These findings suggest the potential of lemantak as a prebiotic.
Reactive scattering of clusters and cluster ions from solid surfaces (2003)

Specific chemical reactions take place in a cluster when it impinges on a solid surface. These intracluster processes ranging from vibrational excitation to atomic rearrangements are called 'cluster-impact' processes, the features of which change specifically with the collision energy and the cluster size. The specificity of the cluster-impact processes arises from impulsive energy transmission to specific modes of the cluster followed by rapid energy redistribution among other degrees of freedom, including those of the surface. In this review, citing several representative collision systems (cluster + surface), we explain the features of a cluster-impact process by dividing the collision energy into several energy ranges, in each of which a characteristic feature is manifested; high vibrational excitation of fullerenes in the lowest energy range, mechanical bond splitting of and a four-centre reaction between N2 and O2 in a higher energy range, etc.
Itraconazole in the treatment of aspergillosis: a study of 16 cases (1994)

Itraconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, has marked in vitro activity against filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus. We studied three groups of patients suffering from aspergillosis (16 cases): six affected with aspergilloma, three with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and seven with invasive aspergillosis. The survey consisted in clinical, radiological, mycological and serological evaluations with respect to drug plasma levels. Itraconazole was given at a dosage of 200-400 mg day-1 for periods ranging from 14 to 488 days. Out of the 16 patients, nine responded to therapy (recovery or improvement) and one failed to respond. Three patients improved but experienced relapses and three others could not be evaluated because of liver function disorders, so that treatment had to be stopped prematurely.
Plasma elimination kinetics for factor VII are independent of its activation to factor VIIa and complex formation with plasma inhibitors (2009)

The mechanism for the elimination of factor VII (FVII) from the circulation is unknown, just as it is unclear how activation of FVII to FVIIa and subsequent complex formation with antithrombin III (AT) or alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) affects clearance. The possibility that the clearance mechanism involves activation and inhibitor complex formation as obligatory intermediate reactions is examined in this study. Human and murine sera were spiked with human FVIIa in the absence and presence of heparin and analysed for complex formation. Complex formation in vivo was studied after intravenous injection of (125)I-VIIa in mice; and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of human and murine FVIIa was studied in normal mice. Furthermore, comparative PK studies were performed with FVII, FVIIa, active site blocked FVIIa and a preformed FVIIa-AT complex in normal and alpha2M-deficient mice. The data demonstrated that FVIIa-AT complexes and to a much lesser extent FVIIa-alpha2M-complexes accumulated in vivo after FVIIa administration. FVIIa-AT accounted for about 50% of total FVIIa antigen left in the circulation after 3 hours. All FVII derivatives studied including FVII, FVIIa and FVIIa-AT were cleared with similar rates suggesting an elimination kinetics which is unaffected by FVII activation and subsequent inactivation by plasma inhibitors.
An improved method for transformation of lettuce by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a gene that confers freezing resistance (2001)

An efficient method for constructing transgenic lettuce cultivars by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was described by Torres et al., 1993. In the present work, an improvement of the above procedure is described and applied to transform the cultivar Grand Rapids with a mutated P5CS gene. The major modifications were concerned with turning more practical the transformation and regeneration protocols. Also we tried to improve transformation steps by increasing injured area in explants and prolonging co-cultivation with Agrobacteria (in larger concentration). A more significant selective pressure was used against non-transformed plants and bacteria. In these work we were concerned to obtain T1 and T2 seeds. The P5CS gene codes for a delta¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two steps of proline biosynthesis in plants (Zhang et al., 1995; Peng et al., 1996), while the mutated gene is insensitive to feedback inhibition by proline. The potential benefit of this gene is to confer water stress resistance (drought, salt, cold) due to increased intracellular levels of proline that works like an osmoprotectant. In this work could obtain and characterize transgenic lettuce lineages which are resistant to freezing temperature.
A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations (2019)

This review highlights that CBD has a potential wide range of activity in several pathologies. Pharmacokinetic studies as well as conclusive phase III trials to elucidate effective plasma concentrations within medical contexts are severely lacking and highly encouraged.
Hydrogen peroxide: potential for prophylaxis against bacteriuria. (1984)

The effect of dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and acetic acid on a chronic Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteriuria was studied to determine whether direct bladder instillation of the antimicrobial solutions would reduce or eliminate the bacterial count. In vivo instillation of volumes ranging from 50 to 400ml and retained for 30 seconds to 48 hours was evaluated. The effect of the antimicrobial solution on bacterial survival in urine was also measured in vitro through quantitative analysis of the mixture at various times over 24 hours. Instillation of the antimicrobial solutions into the bladder had no measurable effect on the established bacteriuria. Symptoms of discomfort related to such a manipulation were least evident with hydrogen peroxide. In vitro, hydrogen peroxide had an antimicrobial effect as reflected by the reduction of the number of surviving organisms. Despite inefficacy in a case of already established bacteriuria, hydrogen peroxide appears worthy of study as a prophylactic agent against a variety of organisms because it exhibits in vitro efficacy and minimal in vivo symptoms.