gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Thermoelectric Properties of Segregated-Network Polymer Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion (2009)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites were prepared by segregated network approach. CNTs were served as conductive fillers in a polymer matrix to synthesize electrically conducting polymer composites. In the segregated network composites, the thermoelectric properties were further improved by replacing Gum Arabic (GA) with electrically conductive stabilizer PEDOT:PSS doped with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The electrical and thermal conductivities and Seebeck coefficient were measured to determine the thermoelectric property of the polymer composites. The electrical conductivity of the composites with 9.8wt% of CNT was 3191.8 S/m whereas that of 10wt% CNT composite with GA sample was 400 S/m.
Miniemulsions for the Production of Nanostructured Particles (2012)

Abstract Nanostructured particles made from polystyrene and zinc oxide are synthesized by precipitation in miniemulsions and miniemulsion polymerization. There are two main applications for miniemulsions: the formation of sub‐micron or nano‐sized reactors for the precipitation of inorganic nanoparticles and the use of sub‐micron or nano‐sized droplets as templates for nanostructured particles. The latter includes the formation of the desired structures within a monomer droplet, which then is polymerized without changing its size or structure during the process. In this research article two approaches to combine both processes are presented: The zinc oxide nanoparticles are precipitated in an inverse miniemulsion of water droplets in a continuous monomer phase. The resulting miniemulsion is either distilled and the nanoparticles are forced into the monomer phase or the miniemulsion is used directly without distillation. In both cases the particle loaded monomer droplets are afterwards polymerized to hybrid nanoparticles. The focus is on the technological challenges in producing nano‐sized, hybrid particles, especially in regard to continuous processing.
Nanoemulsions and Nanolatexes Stabilized by Hydrophobically Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals (2017)

Carboxylic acid cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-COOHs) that have been covalently functionalized (via peptide coupling chemistry) with a range of different hydrophobic groups have been investigated as nanoparticle surfactants to stabilize styrene-in-water nanoemulsions. It is shown that the size and stability of these nanoemulsions depend on both the amount of surface carboxylic acid groups as well as the amount and type of hydrophobic alkyl groups on the CNC surface. Two different biosources for the CNCs, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and Miscanthus x. Giganteus (MxG), were investigated to see the effect that the CNC aspect ratio has on these nanoemulsions. Stable oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions with particle diameters of only a few hundred nanometers can be accessed using these hydrophobic functionalized CNCs, and the resulting emulsions can be polymerized to access nanometer sized latexes. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the functionalized CNCs was found to be critical to lower the interfacial tension between oil and water, which allowed access to stable emulsions with droplet diameters <1 μm. The ability to stabilized nanosized emulsions and latexes extends the potential of CNCs as green surfactants for numerous technological applications, such as food, cosmetics, drug delivery systems, and coatings.
An Approach to Mine SBVR Vocabularies and Rules from Business Documents (2020)

Enterprises model the behavior of their business to prepare a communication standard for business analysts and to specify requirements to Information Technology (IT) people. The communication gap between IT group and business analysts, who lie on the opposite end of the business spectrum exists due to the different terminologies used in their respective fields regarding the same context. This gap has led to major software failures which prompted the OMG group has come up with a new standard - Semantic of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR). Declarative models are provided by SBVR to represent Business Vocabulary and Business Rules which can be understood by everyone working throughout the business spectrum. Each business is governed by business rules which are constrained by the regulation policy set up by the policy guidelines of the organization and government regulations set up on the organization. Business rules are specified in documents like user guides, requirement documents, terms and conditions, do's and don'ts. Typically a Business Analyst interprets the document and manually extracts rules based on his understanding which leads to potential discrepancies, ambiguities and quality issues in the software system. To minimize such errors, in this paper we present an unsupervised approach to automatically extract SBVR vocabularies and rules from domain-specific business documents. We also present our initial results and comparative study with our earlier approach.
<title>Remote topographic sensing using polarimetric SAR data</title> (1997)

A new remote sensing technique using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has been developed which can measure terrain slopes in the azimuthal, or along-track, direction. Terrain elevation maps can then be generated by integrating these slopes. The processing of both single- pass, and orthogonal two-pass, datasets is investigated. When single-pass SAR data is used elevation groundtruth must be available for at least one point of each profile formed in the azimuthal direction. When orthogonal two-pass slope data is employed, the elevation surface may be generated as an iterative solution of the Poisson equation and only a single elevation tie-point is required. The study presented uses orthogonal two-pass NASA/JPL AIRSAR P-band data as a test of the Poisson equation approach for an area in Death Valley National Park, California. The orthogonal two-pass results have been compared with a co-registered, conventional, U.S. Geological Survey product. Technique accuracy and potential applications are discussed.
A low-power OOK ultra-wideband transmitter with power cycling and spectral flexibility (2010)

This paper presents a reconfigurable 0.13 μm CMOS impulse radio ultra-wideband transmitter which supports the on-off keying modulation scheme. The transmitter allows for control of the center frequency and bandwidth of the output spectrum, thus providing large spectrum flexibility. A power cycling scheme is implemented to reduce the power consumption, and allows the system to operate within stringent power requirements. The transmitter achieves data rates of 100 Mbps with a maximum simulated power usage of 506 μW, while respecting the FCC radiated emissions limits. The UWB spectrum can be adjusted from 7.3 to 8.3 GHz, with pulse width ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 ns.
RUN‐UP: Accelerated multishot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction using an unrolled network with U‐Net as priors (2020)

A proposed data-driven approach enables almost real-time reconstruction with improved image quality, which improves the feasibility of multishot DWI in a wide range of clinical and neuroscientific studies.
Characteristics of ocular higher-order aberrations in patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (2008)

Although PMCD and KC are categorized as noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders, the HOA patterns in the 2 groups differed, possibly due to differences in the positions of the corneal apex. PMCD and KC may cause distinctively different deterioration in the quality of vision.
Instrument For Single-kernel Nondestructive Moisture Measurement (1993)

A prototype instrument, constructed for practical demonstration of the nondestructive measurement of moisture content in single corn kernels by RF impedance measurements at frequencies of 1.0 and 4.5 MHz, is described. The principles of the measurement are presented. The mechanical single-kernel feeder and parallel-plate electrode assembly that form a part of the instrument are described. The impedance magnitude and phase measuring electronic circuits designed and constructed for the instrument are also described briefly. In initial calibration and performance tests with corn ranging from 11 to 25% moisture, wet basis, more than 80% of the kernels were measured to within 1% moisture content of reference values determined by oven-drying procedures.
Anodic bonding technique under low-temperature and low-voltage using evaporated glass (2002)

We have performed silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding using a glass layer deposited by electron beam evaporation. Wafers can be bonded at 135/spl deg/C with an applied voltage of 35 V/sub DC/, which enables application of this technique to the vacuum packaging of microelectronic devices, because its bonding temperature and voltage are low. From the experimental results, we have found that an evaporated glass layer more than 1 /spl mu/m thick was suitable for anodic bonding. We have also investigated the possibility of an evaporated glass layer as an insulating layer as well as a bonding layer.
Preliminary study of the electrolysis of aluminum sulfide in molten salts (1983)

A preliminary laboratory-scale study of the electrolysis of aluminum sulfide in molten salts investigated the (1) solubility of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/ in molten salts, (2) electrochemical behavior of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/, and (3) electrolysis of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/ with the determination of current efficiency as a function of current density. The solubility measurements show that MgCl/sub 2/-NaCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte at 1023 K can dissolve up to 3.3 mol % sulfide. The molar ratio of sulfur to aluminum in the eutectic is about one, which suggests that some sulfur remains undissolved, probably in the form of MgS. The experimental data and thermodynamic calculations suggest that Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/ dissolves in the eutectic to form AlS/sup +/ species in solution. Addition of AlCl/sub 3/ to the eutectic enhances the solubility of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/; the solubility increases with increasing AlCl/sub 3/ concentration. The electrode reaction mechanism for the electrolysis of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/ was elucidated by using linear sweep voltammetry. The cathodic reduction of aluminum-ion-containing species to aluminum proceeds by a reversible, diffusion-controlled, three-electron reaction. The anodic reaction involves the two-electron discharge of sulfide-ion-containing species, followed by the fast dimerization of sulfur atoms to S/sub 2/. Electrolysis experiments show that Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/ dissolved in molten MgCl/sub 2/-NaCl-KCl eutectic or in eutectic containing AlCl/sub 3/ can be electrolyzed to produce aluminum and sulfur. In the eutectic at 1023 K, the electrolysis can be conducted up to about 300 mA/cm/sup 2/ for the saturation solubility of Al/sub 2/S/sub 3/. Although these preliminary results are promising, additional studies are needed to elucidate many critical operating parameters before the technical potential of the electrolysis can be accurately assessed. 20 figures, 18 tables.
Assessment of diabetic foot ulcers with diffuse near infrared methodology (2008)

A pilot human study was conducted in order to demonstrate the efficacy of diffuse near infrared (NIR) methodology for in vivo assessment of diabetic foot ulcers. Nine patients were evaluated using diffuse NIR methodology to assess their wound healing process over time. Absorption and scattering coefficients of the wound site were determined over time and compared to those of a control site. The results validate the model wound healing developed during our animal studies of wound healing with NIR, and indicate that differences in optical properties can be seen between wounds with different healing behaviors.
Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) epitopes that activate HLA class II-restricted T cells from infected humans (1996)

We localized peptide epitopes within the Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) major outer membrane protein (MOMP) that activate human T cells. T-MOMP' cells were prepared by culturing PBL from 38 humans who had Ct infections in the presence of Ct serovar E MOMP. Some epitopes were first localized by quantifying proliferative responses of T-MOMP' cells to overlapping MOMP segments (sixths) that were produced in Escherichia coli. Further localization was achieved by using overlapping synthetic 16-22 mers that spanned stimulatory MOMP sixths as Ags. The APCs used were human B cell lines (LCL) that were matched or mismatched with respect to HLA class II alleles of the T-MOMP' cells. T cell epitopes were detected in 18 Ct serovar E MOMP 16-22 mers and were presented in association with HLA-DR1, -7, -13, -17, HLA-DRw52, HLA-DQ3 and at least two from among HLA-DR4, -8, -11, -14, -18, in probable addition to HLA-DP4. Peptide 249-265 stimulated T-MOMP' cells from 83% of the subjects; studies with overlapping 11-13 mers spanning peptide 249-265 revealed at least six epitopes presented with different HLA-class II allotypes. Diverse T-MOMP' cultures responded to between 2 and 7 MOMP epitopes. All but 1 of the 23 epitopes localized to date are distributed among four MOMP constant segments. T-MOMP' cells from subjects infected with serovars other than E also responded.
Self-Assembly of Virus-Structured High Surface Area Nanomaterials and Their Application as Battery Electrodes (2007)

High area nickel and cobalt surfaces were assembled using modified Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates. Rod-shaped TMV templates (300 x 18 nm) engineered to encode unique cysteine residues were self-assembled onto gold patterned surfaces in a vertically oriented fashion, producing a >10-fold increase in surface area. Electroless deposition of ionic metals onto surface-assembled virus templates produced uniform metal coatings up to 40 nm in thickness. Within a nickel-zinc battery system, the incorporation of virus-assembled electrode surfaces more than doubled the total electrode capacity. When combined, these findings demonstrate that surface-assembled virus templates provide a robust platform for the fabrication of oriented high surface area materials.
Development of Compound Refractive Lenses for x-rays (2000)

One-dimensional and rotationally axisymmetric two-dimensional focusing of x-rays by plastic Compound Refractive Lens (CRL) systems are demonstrated and theoretical aspects behind the design of x-ray CRLs are presented in this report. X-rays between 8 and 19.5 keV were focused by cylindrical CRLs having focal lengths between 35 and 100 cm and fabricated using acrylic (Lucite) and polyethylene. Focusing of x-rays by a spherical CRL was also demonstrated observing a focal length of 85 cm and an effective aperture of about 320 μm for 8 keV x-rays. The gain, which is the increase in intensity in the image plane relative to the intensity that would have been obtained without a lens on that plane, was 1.5 for 8 keV photons. The gain of this spherical CRL scales about three orders of magnitude higher on undulator beam lines at third generation x-ray sources from the results obtained at the bending magnet x-ray source, with dimensions 445 μm in the vertical and 1700 μm in the horizontal, used in this work.
Noncytotoxic approaches to the treatment of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. (1993)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an otherwise unusual disease that frequently complicates the course of HIV infection. While there is some evidence to suggest that the pathogenesis of KS is driven by a variety of cytokines and cellular factors, the exact pathogenesis of the disease is unknown at present. Current therapy for HIV-associated KS has been developed empirically and involves, for the most part, classic cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, as more is learned about the pathogenesis of KS lesions, new and novel therapeutic modalities may emerge aimed at interrupting or blocking the activity of the pathogenetic factors involved.
Remarkable improvement in the temperature characteristics of GaAs lasers using an InGaAlP cladding layer (1993)

A GaAs laser diode employing InGaAlP as the cladding has been investigated. Continuous wave (CW) operation was obtained at temperatures as high as 212 degrees C. A large characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ of 190 K was maintained up to 150 degrees C. These results were attributed to a reduction of electron overflow by a large band-gap difference between the GaAs active and InGaAlP cladding layers. Laser characteristics did not indicate any significant problem due to a heterointerface of GaAs-InGaAlP with high-Al composition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of a Novel High Temperature Platinum Resistance Thermometer (2001)

High temperature platinum resistance thermometers(HTPRTs) were designed and fabricated using a synthetic sapphire single crystal as sensor former, insulation and protection tube, and its characteristics was investigated. Several fixed points measurement showed that the sapphire HTPRTs were satisfied with the ITS-90 criteria as the interpolating thermometer. The temperature-resistance characteristics of HTPRT was fitted to the quadratic relationship in the temperature range from to . The reproducibility of Cu freezing point realized using the sapphire HTPRT was . The insulation resistance of the HTPRT exponentially decreased as temperature increased, and showed to at .
Isolation of an Escherichia coli K4 kfoC mutant over-producing capsular chondroitin (2010)

The enhanced chondroitin production by the E. coli K4 mutant reported here shows the validity of the strain improvement strategy for more cost-friendly fermentative processes in the production of this pharmaceutically important but so-far expensive polysaccharide.
Pinscreen (2017)

With this fully automatic framework for creating a complete 3D avatar from a single unconstrained image, users can upload any photograph to build a high-quality head model within seconds. The model can be immediately animated via performance capture using a webcam. It digitizes the entire model using a textured-mesh representation for the head and volumetric strips for the hair. A simple web interface uploads any photograph, and a high-quality head model, including animation-friendly blend shapes and joint-based rigs, is reconstructed within seconds. Several animation examples are instantly generated for preview purposes, and the model can be loaded into Unity for immediate performance capture using a webcam.
Thermochemical energy storage with ammonia: Aiming for the sunshot cost target (2016)

Thermochemical energy storage has the potential to reduce the cost of concentrating solar thermal power. This paper presents recent advances in ammonia-based thermochemical energy storage (TCES), supported by an award from the U.S. Dept. of Energy SunShot program. Advances have been made in three areas: identification of promising approaches for underground containment of the gaseous products of the dissociation reaction, demonstration that ammonia synthesis can be used to generate steam for a supercritical-steam Rankine cycle, and a preliminary design for integration of the endothermic reactors within a tower receiver. Based on these advances, ammonia-based TCES shows promise to meet the $15/kWht SunShot cost target.
Superiority of half-wavelength helicon antennae (2003)

Plasma densities produced by half- and full-wavelength (HW and FW) helical antennae in helicon discharges are compared. It is found that HW antennae are more efficient than FW ones in producing plasma downstream from the antenna. The measured wave amplitudes and the apparent importance of downstream ionization do not agree with computations.
Comparative immunogenicity analysis of intradermal versus intramuscular immunization with a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 vaccine against Ebola virus (2022)

The proper route for vaccine delivery plays an important role in activating a robust immune response. Several viral vector-based vaccines against Ebola disease administered intramuscularly have been found to have excellent immunogenicity and protectiveness. In this study, we evaluated different vaccine routes for Ad5-EBOV delivery by comparing humoral and cellular responses, germinal center reactions, dendritic cell activation and antigen expression. Mice injected intramuscularly with the vaccine exhibited an advantage in antigen expression, leading to more robust germinal center and humoral responses, while intradermal injection recruited more migrating DCs and induced a more polyfunctional cellular response. Our study provides more data for future use of viral vector-based vaccines.
Optical lattice clocks and frequency comparisons (2010)

To date, optical clocks based on singly trapped ions and ultracold neutral atoms trapped in the Stark-shift-free optical lattices are regarded as promising candidates for future atomic clocks. Since 2006, “optical lattice clocks” have been evaluated close to the Cs clocks' uncertainty limit internationally. One of the essential experimental challenges in the development of “optical lattice clocks” is to find out the better lattice geometries as well as interrogated atom species (including their quantum statistics) that bring out the potential performance of the clock scheme, taking into account the collisional frequency shift, the Black body radiation (BBR) shift, the atomic multipolar and hyperpolarizability effects.
Modeling and rendering of realistic feathers (2002)

We present techniques for realistic modeling and rendering of feathers and birds. Our approach is motivated by the observation that a feather is a branching structure that can be described by an L-system. The parametric L-system we derived allows the user to easily create feathers of different types and shapes by changing a few parameters. The randomness in feather geometry is also incorporated into this L-system. To render a feather realistically, we have derived an efficient form of the bidirectional texture function (BTF), which describes the small but visible geometry details on the feather blade. A rendering algorithm combining the L-system and the BTF displays feathers photorealistically while capitalizing on graphics hardware for efficiency. Based on this framework of feather modeling and rendering, we developed a system that can automatically generate appropriate feathers to cover different parts of a bird's body from a few "key feathers" supplied by the user, and produce realistic renderings of the bird.
Amorphous Silicon Back-Plane Electronics for OLED Displays (2004)

This paper reviews design considerations along with measurement results pertinent to amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) drive circuits for active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays, and follows from work presented earlier (A. Nathan et al., 2002), (A. Nathan et al., 2003). We describe both pixel architectures and TFT circuit topologies that are amenable for vertically integrated, high aperture ratio pixels. Here, the organic light-emitting diode layer is integrated directly above the TFT circuit layer to provide an active pixel area that is at least 90% of the total pixel area with an aperture ratio that remains virtually independent of scaling. Both voltage-programmed and current-programmed drive circuits are considered. The latter provides compensation for shifts in device characteristics due to metastable shifts in the threshold voltage of the TFT. Integration of on-panel gate drivers is also discussed, where we present the architecture of an a-Si:H-based gate demultiplexer that is threshold voltage shift invariant. In addition, a programmable current mirror with good linearity and stability is presented. Programmable current sources are an essential requirement in the design of source driver output stages.