gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Purification Scheme and Functions for a C3-Binding Protein from<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2000)

To isolate microbial proteins capable of binding the third component of complement (C3), we coupled the free sulfhydryl group of methylamine-inactivated C3 to a thiolSepharose matrix. This simple technique facilitated the purification of the first C3-binding protein isolated from a bacterium (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Both metastable (native) and thioester-disrupted C3 were recognized by this protein; binding of C3 was noncovalent, independent of thioester conformation, and preferential for the C3 alpha-chain. Sequencing of amino-terminal and internal peptides from the C3-binding protein disclosed a proline-rich region spanning approximately 20 amino acids and a signal peptide that had not been previously reported. The gene was isolated from a library of genomic DNA from laboratory strain CP1200 by screening with a 1200 bp PCR product amplified from degenerate oligonucleotides encoding the amino terminal sequence and the internal proline-rich sequence. The open reading frame spanned 1692 bp; all peptide sequences were identified in the translated gene product, which also contained at least three choline-binding repeats at the carboxy-terminus. The gene was conserved, and the translated protein was functionally active in pneumococcal clinical isolates of serotypes 1, 3, 4, 14, and 19F. Serum from a patient recovering from acute pneumococcal infection contained IgG antibodies specific for this protein by immunoblot. Wide conservation among clinical isolates, saturable binding of C3, and the ability to stimulate the human immune response have not previously been reported for this choline-binding protein. A similar biochemical approach should enable the identification of other C3-binding proteins in microorganisms able to elude complement-mediated host defense.
Craniocervical Fixation With Occipital Condyle Screws (2010)

Craniocervical stabilization using occipital condyle screws as the sole cephalad fixation point is biomechanically equivalent with regard to the modes tested (ROM and stiffness) to the standard occipital plate construct.
DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC ANIONS BY ELECTROSTATIC ION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A CATION EXCHANGE COLUMN AS A PRE-COLUMN FOR CONVERSION OF THE CATIONS INTO A COMMON SPECIES (1999)

The problem of “multiple” distribution of the analyte ions encountered in the separation of inorganic ions by electrostatic ion chromatography (EIC) was overcome. EIC is a new type of ion chromatography (IC) where zwitterionic molecules are used as the stationary phase and pure water serves as the mobile phase. Both ions and polar organic compounds can be separated by EIC and the simultaneous electrostatic attraction-repulsion interactions between the positive-negative charges (or polarities) of the analytes and the stationary phase are considered to be the main mechanisms for the separation. In the analysis of inorganic ions by EIC, each species of the cation and/or anion was distributed to all species of the counterion and co-eluted as pairing ions. To avoid such “multiple” distribution of the analyte ions, the analyte cations were converted into a common species of either Na+ or Mg2+ by using conventional cation exchange columns as the pre-column. The analyte anions were excellently separated by this method and, furthermore, “exclusive” distribution (single peak per one species of anion) was obtained. Real sample (underground water) was analyzed in duplicate using a conventional anion-exchange IC and this proposed method and identical results were obtained.
Effects of Excess Centromeres and Excess Telomeres on Chromosome Loss Rates (1991)

The linear chromosomes of eukaryotes contain specialized structures to ensure their faithful replication and segregation to daughter cells. Two of these structures, centromeres and telomeres, are limited, respectively, to one and two copies per chromosome. It is possible that the proteins that interact with centromere and telomere DNA sequences are present in limiting amounts and could be competed away from the chromosomal copies of these elements by additional copies introduced on plasmids. We have introduced excess centromeres and telomeres into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and quantitated their effects on the rates of loss of chromosome III and chromosome VII by fluctuation analysis. We show that (i) 600 new telomeres have no effect on chromosome loss; (ii) an average of 25 extra centromere DNA sequences increase the rate of chromosome III loss from 0.4 x 10(-4) events per cell division to 1.3 x 10(-3) events per cell division; (iii) centromere DNA (CEN) sequences on circular vectors destabilize chromosomes more effectively than do CEN sequences on 15-kb linear vectors, and transcribed CEN sequences have no effect on chromosome stability. We discuss the different effects of extra centromere and telomere DNA sequences on chromosome stability in terms of how the cell recognizes these two chromosomal structures.
N7-Substituted-5-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines Represent a Versatile Class of Potent Inhibitors of the Tyrosine Kinase c-Src (2002)

5-Aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines incorporating different N(7)-substituents have been prepared and evaluated for their inhibitory potency towards the tyrosine kinase c-Src. Optimization of these compounds resulted in highly potent c-Src inhibitors, some (e.g. 4g, 6g, 7h, 8l) with excellent specificity towards other receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. In addition compounds 4g, 5b and 5c are characterized by a good pharmacokinetic profile.
Use of Dense Granule Antigen GRA6 in an Immunoglobulin G Avidity Test To Exclude Acute<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Infection during Pregnancy (2010)

The usefulness of a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant GRA6 antigen for distinguishing between acute and chronic Toxoplasma infection was investigated. Two sets of serum samples obtained from pregnant women with acute, chronic, or no Toxoplasma infection collected in France and Iran were used. Among the French subjects, 19 of 20 (95%) women who experienced seroconversion during the past 4 months before sampling displayed low-avidity IgG antibodies against GRA6, while all 17 (100%) women with chronic infection had high-avidity antibodies. When the Euroimmun IgG avidity ELISA was used, 15 of 19 (78.9%) recently infected women had low-avidity antibodies, and 20 of 22 (90.9%) women with chronic infection displayed high-avidity antibodies. The results suggested better performance of the GRA6 avidity ELISA than the Euroimmun avidity ELISA for exclusion of a recent infection occurring less than 4 months previously. Similarly, all 35 Iranian women with acute Toxoplasma infection had low-avidity antibodies against GRA6, whereas all 34 women with chronic infection displayed IgG antibodies of high avidity, indicating the value of GRA6 avidity testing for ruling out a recent infection. Avidity tests based on lysed whole-cell Toxoplasma gondii antigen are currently used to exclude recently acquired infections; however, the use of recombinant antigen(s) might improve the diagnostic performance of avidity tests and facilitate the development of more standardized assays.
Formation of a Stable Dihydrido(alkyl)platinum(IV) Complex by Water Activation (1999)

The novel air- and moisture-stable dihydrido(methyl)platinum(IV) complex TpPtH2Me (1; Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate) is formed as the sole product by the reaction of TpPtMeCO (2) with water. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR. The proposed mechanism of the reaction involves an initial nucleophilic attack by a water molecule on the coordinated carbonyl in 2 with subsequent release of CO2 followed by protonation at the platinum center to produce 1.
Highly Sensitive Protease Assay Using Fluorescence Quenching of Peptide Probes Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer (2004)

Making the cut and then detecting it: Short fluorophore-labeled peptide substrates (see scheme) show strong fluorescence quenching due to electron transfer from a tryptophan residue (blue) to the dye (gray, red). Upon specific cleavage of the peptide by proteolytic enzymes, quenching is prevented and the fluorescence intensity increases. The method can be used to assay proteolytic enzymes with detection limits in the picomolar range.
A simplified three phase three-level zero-current-transition active neutral-point-clamped converter with three auxiliary switches (2010)

A novel three-level zero-current-transition active neutral-point-clamped inverter is presented in this paper. The proposed soft-switching topology employs only one auxiliary switch, one LC resonant tank to assist the main switching devices in one phase leg. The zero-current turning-off of all the main and auxiliary switches are achieved with voltage stress of all switching devices are clamped to half of the DC-link voltage. Meanwhile, The turning-on losses of switches and reverse recovery losses of diodes are reduced. The control scheme is simple and no additional sensor is needed and no need modification to the normal PWM strategy. The operation principles are analyzed and simulation result verify the analysis.
Imaging Modes for Ground Penetrating Radar and Their Relation to Detection Performance (2015)

The focus of this paper is an empirical study conducted to determine how imaging modes for ground penetrating radar (GPR) affect buried object detection performance. GPR data were collected repeatedly over lanes whose buried objects were mostly nonmetallic. This data were collected and processed with a GPR antenna array, system hardware, and processing software developed by the authors and their colleagues. The system enables GPR data to be collected, imaged, and processed in real-time on a moving vehicle. The images are focused by applying multistatic and synthetic aperture imaging techniques either separately or jointly to signal scans acquired by the GPR antenna array. An image-based detection statistic derived from the ratio of buried object energy in the foreground to energy of soil in the background is proposed. Detection-false alarm performance improved significantly when the detection algorithm was applied to focused multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images rather than to unfocused GPR signal scans.
Image classification using local tensor singular value decompositions (2017)

From linear classifiers to neural networks, image classification has been a widely explored topic in mathematics, and many algorithms have proven to be effective classifiers. However, the most accurate classifiers typically have significantly high storage costs, or require complicated procedures that may be computationally expensive. We present a novel (nonlinear) classification approach using truncation of local tensor singular value decompositions (tSVD) that robustly offers accurate results, while maintaining manageable storage costs. Our approach takes advantage of the optimality of the representation under the tensor algebra described to determine to which class an image belongs. We extend our approach to a method that can determine specific pairwise match scores, which could be useful in, for example, object recognition problems where pose/position are different. We demonstrate the promise of our new techniques on the MNIST data set.
Internal core tightener. [LMFBR] (1976)

An internal core tightener is disclosed which is a linear actuated (vertical actuation motion) expanding device utilizing a minimum of moving parts to perform the lateral tightening function. The key features are: (1) large contact areas to transmit loads during reactor operation; (2) actuation cam surfaces loaded only during clamping and unclamping operation; (3) separation of the parts and internal operation involved in the holding function from those involved in the actuation function; and (4) preloaded pads with compliant travel at each face of the hexagonal assembly at the two clamping planes to accommodate thermal expansion and irradiation induced swelling. The latter feature enables use of a ''fixed'' outer core boundary, and thus eliminates the uncertainty in gross core dimensions, and potential for rapid core reactivity changes as a result of core dimensional change. 5 claims, 12 drawing figures.
Hexahedral Sheet Extraction. (2002)

This work presents an algorithm for coarsening all-hexahedral meshes while maintaining all-hexahedral connectivity. The dual of a mesh is described and the constraints on hexahedral mesh modi cation are explained. This paper then describes how mesh coarsening can be performed by using the information contained in the dual.
IMPORTANCE OF BITUMEN VISCOSITY IN THE HOT WATER PROCESSING OF DOMESTIC TAR SANDS. (1983)

The separation efficiency of the hot water digestion-flotation technique used for bitumen recovery from various domestic tar sands was evaluated. Bitumen viscosity was found to be the most important tar sand property in determining the success of the bitumen separation. Bitumen viscosity of the tar sand was controlled by changes in digestion temperature and/or changes in diluent (kerosene) addition. Complete and uniform dilution of the bitumen phase was achieved by providing a sufficient presoaking, or penetration time, for a given tar sand type. For all the tar sand samples tested, an excellent correlation was obtained between the coefficient of separation and the bitumen viscosity. To achieve a satisfactory coefficient of separation, it was found that the bitumen viscosity must be reduced below 1.5 Pa . s (16 P) at the temperature of digestion. This was the case regardless of the tar sand type, grade, or origin.
High-Power Piezoelectric Characteristics of Textured Bismuth Layer Structured Ferroelectric Ceramics (2007)

The high-power piezoelectric characteristics in c-axis oriented ceramics of bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics (BLSF), SrBi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> (SBN), Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (BIT) and CaBi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> (CBT), were studied by constant voltage driving method. These textured ceramics were fabricated by templated grain growth (TGG) method, and their Lotgering factors were 95%, 97%, and 99%, respectively. The vibration velocities increased proportionally to an applied electric field up to 2.5 m/s in these textured BLSF ceramics, although, the vibration velocity was saturated at more than 1.0 m/s in the Pb(Mn,Nb)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -PZT ceramics. The resonant frequencies were constant up to the vibration velocity of 2.5 m/s in the SBN and CBT textured ceramics, however, the resonant frequency decreased with increasing the vibration velocity of more than 1.5 m/s in the BIT textured ceramics.
Development of an Automatic Diagnostic Algorithm for Pediatric Otitis Media (2018)

Our results demonstrated that this automatic diagnosis algorithm has acceptable accuracy to diagnose pediatric OM. The cost-effective algorithm can assist parents for early detection and continuous monitoring at home to decrease consequence of the disease.
Mechanism(s) of FIV vaccine protection. (1997)

Infection of domestic cats with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) represents an important veterinary health problem and a useful animal model for the development of vaccines against AIDS. Two experimental FIV vaccines have been developed: one consisting of fixed infected cells and the other of inactivated whole virus. Both vaccines elicited strong CTL responses to FIV and high virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers. Over 90% of vaccinated cats were protected against intraperitoneal infection with 10 cat infectious dose 50% (10 CID50) of either homologous FIVPet or heterologous FIVDix. As a means to evaluate the mechanism of vaccine protection, cats were either passively immunized with serum antibodies or transfused with peripheral blood cells from FIV-vaccinated cats. Cats passively immunized with vaccine sera or purified vaccine antibodies were protected from homologous FIV infection at a challenge doses which infected all control cats (5 and 10 CID50). Such passive protection was not achieved against heterologous FIV challenge. More importantly, cats transfused with washed blood cells from half-matched vaccinated cat were protected from FIV challenge (20 and 50 CID50). As expected, protection was not observed in cats transfused with cells from either unmatched vaccinated or half-matched unvaccinated cats. Further, only peripheral-blood cells from vaccinated cats had FIV-specific CTL responses to both autologous and half-matched target cells. Overall, these findings suggest that both humoral and cellular immunity are required for optimal vaccine protection.
High-Resolution Confocal Microscopy by Saturated Excitation of Fluorescence (2007)

We demonstrate the use of saturated excitation in confocal fluorescence microscopy to improve the spatial resolution. In the proposed technique, we modulate the excitation intensity temporally and detect the harmonic modulation of the fluorescence signal which is caused by the saturated excitation in the center of the laser focus. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the demodulated fluorescence signal is nonlinearly proportional to the excitation intensity and contributes to improve the spatial resolution in three dimensions beyond the diffraction limit of light.
Defining Strong Privacy for RFID. (2006)

In this work, we consider privacy in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. Our contribution is threefold: (1) We propose a simple, formal definition of strong privacy useful for basic analysis of RFID systems, as well as a di#erent (weaker) definition applicable to multi-verifier systems; (2) We apply our definition to reveal vulnerabilities in several proposed privacy-enhancing RFID protocols; and (3) We formally analyze and suggest improvements to &quot;Hash-Locks,&quot; one of the first privacy-enhancing RFID protocols in the literature.
Interband cascade lasers with high continuous-wave output powers at room temperature (2013)

We discuss approaches to increasing the cw output power of the interband cascade lasers (ICLs) for the midwave infrared spectral region. While most of the attention to date has been focused on reducing the operating power of the ICL, the optimization for maximum output power proceeds in a different direction. We find that increasing the number of stage is beneficial, in that it boosts the slope efficiency with only a modest penalty due to higher threshold power density and extra heating. The critical figure of merit for realizing high-power ICLs is the internal loss, which can be estimated from the external differential quantum efficiency (EDQE) per stage. The internal loss can be controlled by varying the thickness of the low-doped GaSb separate-confinement layers (SCLs). We demonstrate room-temperature EDQEs approaching 45% for broad-area 7-stage ICLs with 800-nm-thick SCLs.
Fish Population and Behavior Revealed by Instantaneous Continental Shelf-Scale Imaging (2006)

Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers.
A Dynamic and Differential CMOS Logic Style to Resist Power and Timing Attacks on Security IC's. (2004)

We present a dynamic and differential CMOS logic style, which has a signal independent switch-ing behavior. It is shown that during each clock cycle, power consumption and all circuit character-istics, such as leakage current, instantaneous current and input-output delay are identical and independent of the logic value and the sequence of the input data. Implementing the encryption mod-ule in this logic will protect it against any Side Channel Attack that takes advantage of power, timing and leakage information. We have built a set of logic gates and a flip-flop needed for crypto-graphic functions and implemented a larger module, for which area, total power consumption and variation on the power consumption have been compared with implementations in Static Complementary CMOS logic, genuine Dynamic and Differential Logic and Current Mode Logic.
4‐Substituted‐4<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[2,1‐<i>c</i>] [1,4]benzoxazines (1976)

Abstract The condensations of 1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl) pyrroles with a variety of carbonyl compounds are shown to give new 4‐substituted‐4 H ‐4‐methylpyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzoxazines. Some of the products were further functionalized. The ir, uv, and pmr spectra of the title heterocyclic system are discussed. Reaction of 1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl) pyrrole with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate yielded dimethyl 3‐(2‐hydroxyanilino) phthalale; a mechanistic rationale which accounts for the result involves a rearrangement of the hypothetical Diels‐Alder adduct.
Interfaces and Composition Profiles in Metal–Sulfide Nanolayers Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

The sharpness of interfaces in multilayer metal–sulfide thin films synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is virtually unexplored. Presented here are some first results that indicate metal–sulfide multilayer thin films deposited by ALD are in an entirely different regime than metal–oxides in terms of their composition profile. We propose a mixing number to characterize interfacial sharpness. The mixing number is the diffusion distance of mobile atomic species during layer deposition divided by the layer thickness in which the mobile species is diffusing. Ultrathin metal–sulfide multilayers with the structure ZnS/SnS2/Cu2S/Si substrate were synthesized by ALD because of the relevance of these binaries for formation of the photovoltaic alloy Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). The composition profiles were measured by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS) with high depth resolution, both as deposited and after annealing at different temperatures in argon. Diffuse interfaces between layers containing the intended elemental species were found in the as-deposited case, indicating a mixing number similar to unity at the synthesis temperature of 135 °C for several pairs of adjacent layers. Annealing the metal–sulfide multilayer structure at 425 °C for 60 min was sufficient to fully mix the layers. Composition profiles were also measured for 20 nm ZnO and 22 nm ZnS capping layers on annealed CZTS films. ZnO suppresses diffusion relative to ZnS but does not prevent it completely. This indicates that the real-time mobility of atomic species in the substrate or underlying layer, as synthesis takes place, plays a critical role in determining the composition profile of ALD multilayer films.