gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Guidelines for a Terahertz Silicon Micro-Lens Antenna (2013)

A silicon lens antenna suited for future integrated terahertz arrays has been proposed recently. The antenna consists of an extended hemispherical silicon lens fed by a leaky-wave waveguide feed. The primary advantage is that the antenna is compatible with silicon micro-fabrication techniques as only a small sector of the lens is actually used. Moreover, it can be easily integrated with other silicon micromachined front-end components. In this letter, the design and optimization details of such a micro-lens antenna is presented. The design is validated with a set of measurements at 550 GHz from a prototype that has been fabricated using laser micro-fabrication.
Polymer Cookery:  Influence of Polymerization Time and Different Initiation Conditions on Performance of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2005)

A set of polymers was imprinted with (−)-ephedrine using thermal and UV initiation. The performance of the synthesized materials was studied by HPLC. It was shown that the polymer morphology and enantioselective properties are dependent on the polymerization conditions and time of the reaction. The binding mechanism of synthesized polymers was studied using Van't Hoff analysis. The results of testing strongly indicate that the polymer receptor structure is shaped during the initial phase of polymer gelation. The present study shows the importance of controlling experimental conditions in the MIP synthesis and highlights potential problems expected during scaling up of MIP production.
Structurally-Sensitive Multi-Scale Deep Neural Network for Low-Dose CT Denoising (2018)

Computed tomography (CT) is a popular medical imaging modality and enjoys wide clinical applications. At the same time, the x-ray radiation dose associated with CT scannings raises a public concern due to its potential risks to the patients. Over the past years, major efforts have been dedicated to the development of Low-Dose CT (LDCT) methods. However, the radiation dose reduction compromises the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), leading to strong noise and artifacts that downgrade CT image quality. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D noise reduction method, called Structurally-sensitive Multi-scale Generative Adversarial Net (SMGAN), to improve the LDCT image quality. Specifically, we incorporate three-dimensional (3D) volumetric information to improve the image quality. Also, different loss functions for training denoising models are investigated. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively preserve structural and textural information in reference to normal-dose CT (NDCT) images, and significantly suppress noise and artifacts. Qualitative visual assessments by three experienced radiologists demonstrate that the proposed method retrieves more information, and outperforms competing methods.
Nouvelles séquences binaires et quaternaires pour l'étalement de spectre par séquence directe obtenues via les méthodes de Recuit Simulé et de Recherche Taboue (1997)

This article focuses on the application of combinatorial methods to the optimization of pseudo-random sequences for spread spectrum communications. This approach enables us to take into account for the first time odd correlations. The families of obtained sequences, in the binary and quaternary cases, are compared with those of the litterature.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator which Prolong its Clearance In Vivo (1989)

Three murine monoclonal antibodies to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were evaluated for their effects on the binding of iodinated t-PA to cultured human hepatoma cells (Hep G2), and on extending the half-life of t-PA injected into rabbits. Two of the antibodies, AE5 and EG2, significantly inhibited t-PA binding in vitro, and extended the in vivo half-life of t-PA four to five-fold. A third antibody, BA10, which had a much smaller inhibitory effect on t-PA binding, had no influence in extending t-PA's half-life. MOPC-21, a control antibody not directed to t-PA, had no effect on either test. Our results are the first to correlate different compounds' effects on t-PA binding with their ability to retard t-PA clearance in vivo, and provide additional evidence for the importance of a liver cell receptor in the t-PA clearance process.
A diagnostic ELISA for visceral leishmaniasis, based on antigen from media conditioned by Leishmania donovani promastigotes (1998)

Leishmania donovani promastigotes were cultured in a protein-free medium for 3-5 days and the spent medium used to prepare antibody-detection ELISA plates. When the plates were used to test 29 Kenyan and 16 Nepalese patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar), all the sera collected at diagnosis were found to have high levels of parasite-specific IgG. The levels of these antibodies dropped 6-12 months post-initiation of antileishmanial therapy in all but one of the patients. Although the levels in sera from 59% of the treated patients fell to those measured in sera from healthy controls, those in sera from 17% of the patients did not drop below those seen at diagnosis. The antigen used did not cross-react with sera from patients with parasitological diagnosis of malaria, filariasis, African trypanosomiasis or echinococcosis. Antibodies to antigens in the spent medium were detected, by western blot, in all the sera from Nepalese patients with VL. Promastigote-conditioned media could be the source of cheap antigen for the immunodiagnosis of leishmaniasis.
Development of a Practical Coherent Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (1987)

The practical feasibility of developing a Coherent Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) with spatial resolution and range comparable to those of commercially available incoherent systems but with much smaller velocity measurement variance is being studied. This improvement in measurement accuracy will reduce required averaging times, thus permitting the observation of short time-scale currents (i.e. internal wave breaking) which are beyond the capabilities of available incoherent ADCP's. Several strategies have been analysed and tested. Among them, transmission of coded acoustic pulses combined with coherent signal processing techniques has been given special attention. This approach may allow the measurement of watermass velocities with high accuracy without the range limitations of conventional pulse-to-pulse coherent systems due to velocity ambiguity and pulse-to-pulse decorrelation. Several schemes based on this approach have been analysed and their relative merits assessed.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor initiates amniotic membrane rupture and preterm birth in a mouse model (2021)

These studies demonstrate GM-CSF will result in membrane rupture and preterm birth by increasing the ratio MMPs:TIMPs in our animal model. By increasing our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with GM-CSF, we may be able to develop future therapies to prevent preterm birth and reduce neonatal morbidity.
A High-Performance Area-Efficient Multifunction Interpolator (2005)

This paper presents the algorithms and implementation of a high-performance functional unit used for multiple interpolation applications. Graphics processing units (GPUs) frequently perform two classes of floating point interpolation within programmable shaders: per-pixel attribute interpolation and transcendental function approximation. We present a design that efficiently performs both classes of interpolation on a shared functional unit. Enhanced minimax approximations with quadratic interpolation minimize lookup-table sizes and datapath widths for fully-pipelined function approximation. Rectangular multipliers support both sign-magnitude and two's complement inputs of variable widths. Superpipelining is used throughout the design to increase operating frequency and interpolation throughput while maximizing area efficiency.
Reduction of dust and energy during coal cutting using point-attack bits, with an analysis of rotary cutting and development of a new cutting concept. Report of investigations, 1976 (1976)

The objective of this work was to study cutting characteristics of point attack bits with the intent of reducing airborne respirable dust and energy during cutting. Linear cutting of two coal types using four bit types at three depths of cut with three space-depth ratios was performed with a modified horizontal milling machine using an optical particle size monitor for respirable dust sampling. The cutting action of one bit on a rotary hard head mining machine was mathematically analyzed and compared to the linear cutting test results. Airborne respirable dust per unit mass cut was found to be a monotonically increasing function of specific energy. Specific dust and energy decrease with increasing depth of cut. The amount of nonairborne respirable dust was 100 to 1,000 times greater than the airborne dust. The plumb-bob bit produced the most airborne respirable dust and the highest specific energy of the four bits tested. Rotary cutting was shown to be a greater dust producer and energy consumer than linear cutting because of the constantly changing depth of cut, space-depth ratio, and bit attack angle relative to the horizontal bedding planes.
Identification and Characterization of a Na+-independent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter That Associates with the 4F2 Heavy Chain and Exhibits Substrate Selectivity for Small Neutral d- and l-Amino Acids (2000)

A cDNA was isolated from the mouse brain that encodes a novel Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter. The encoded protein, designated as Asc-1 (asc-type amino acid transporter 1), was found to be structurally related to recently identified mammalian amino acid transporters for the transport systems L, y(+)L, x(C)(-), and b(0,+), which are linked, via a disulfide bond, to the type II membrane glycoproteins, 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc), or rBAT (related to b(0,+) amino acid transporter). Asc-1 required 4F2hc for its functional expression. In Western blot analysis in the nonreducing condition, a 118-kDa band, which seems to correspond to the heterodimeric complex of Asc-1 and 4F2hc, was detected in the mouse brain. The band shifted to 33 kDa in the reducing condition, confirming that Asc-1 and 4F2hc are linked via a disulfide bond. Asc-1-mediated transport was not dependent on the presence of Na(+) or Cl(-). Although Asc-1 showed a high sequence homology (66% identity at the amino acid level) to the Na(+)-independent broad scope neutral amino acid transporter LAT2 (Segawa, H., Fukasawa, Y., Miyamoto, K., Takeda, E., Endou, H., and Kanai, Y. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19745-19751), Asc-1 also exhibited distinctive substrate selectivity and transport properties. Asc-1 preferred small neutral amino acids such as Gly, L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Thr, and L-Cys, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid as substrates. Asc-1 also transported D-isomers of the small neutral amino acids, in particular D-Ser, a putative endogenous modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, with high affinity. Asc-1 operated preferentially, although not exclusively, in an exchange mode. Asc-1 mRNA was detected in the brain, lung, small intestine, and placenta. The functional properties of Asc-1 seem to be consistent with those of a transporter subserving the Na(+)-independent small neutral amino acid transport system asc.
Automatic Implanted Defibrillator — Initial Clinical Experience (1985)

The automatic implantable defibrillator is an electronic device designed to continuously monitor cardiac rhythm, identify ventricular fibrillation and deliver corrective defibrillatory discharges, when indicated. Physically similar to early pacemakers, it weights 250 grams and has a volume of 145 cc (Figure 1). All materials in contact with body tissue are biocompatible. The defibrillating electrodes are made from titanium and silicone rubber. One electrode, designed for placement in the superior vena cava near the right atrial junction, is located on the distal end of an intravascular catheter. The second electrode, in the form of a flexible rectangular patch, is placed extrapericardially over the apex of the heart. The outside surface of the apical electrode is insulated to achieve optimal current distribution. The device is powered by lithium batteries having a projected monitoring life of approximately 3 years or a discharge capability of approximately 100 shocks. The sensing system detects ventricular fibrillation by monitoring a sampled probability density function of ventricular electrical activity.
Residual Caries Detection Using Visible Fluorescence (2002)

This study investigated the ability of a new fluorescence method to detect residual caries in vitro. Gross caries was removed from 40 teeth with D2 caries. Samples were excited with violet-blue light and viewed through a 530-nm high-pass filter. Residual caries (orange-red fluorescing dentin) was detected in all samples. Further tooth substance was removed from half of the samples until no residual caries was detectable using the new method. Half of the samples remained untreated. A blinded examiner checked all samples for residual caries using DIAGNOdent, a visual tactile examination, and Caries Detector dye. Presence or absence of residual caries in each sample was determined using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain in conjunction with confocal microscopy. The new method, Visible Fluorescence, had the greatest sensitivity, specificity, percent correct score and predictive values of any of the methods tested. The new method had significantly higher percent correct score than any of the other methods and significantly higher specificity than visual tactile and Caries Detector. It was concluded that Visible Fluorescence is an improvement on the currently available aids for residual caries detection.
Adaptive dynamic range imaging: Optical control of pixel exposures over space and time (2003)

This paper presents a new approach to imaging that significantly enhances the dynamic range of a camera. The key idea is to adapt the exposure of each pixel on the image detector, based on the radiance value of the corresponding scene point. This adaptation is done in the optical domain, that is, during image formation. In practice, this is achieved using a spatial light modulator whose transmittance can be varied with high resolution over space and time. A real-time control algorithm is developed that uses acquired images to automatically adjust the transmittance function of the spatial modulator. Each captured image and its corresponding transmittance function are used to compute a very high dynamic range image that is linear in scene radiance.
Ultrathin two-dimensional porous organic nanosheets with molecular rotors for chemical sensing (2017)

Molecular rotors have played an important role in recent materials chemistry. Although several studies on functional materials containing molecular rotors have been reported for fluorescence sensing, this concept has yet to be realized in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we report the preparation of all-carbon, π-conjugated 2D porous organic nanosheets, named NUS-24, which contain flexible tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units as the molecular rotors. NUS-24 nanosheets exhibit high stability, large lateral size, and ultrathin thickness (2-5 nm). The dynamic TPE rotors exposed on the surface of NUS-24 nanosheets can be restricted in the aggregated state with different water fractions, which is reminiscent of the aggregation-induced emission mechanism, thereby leading to the size-selective turn-on fluorescence by volatile organic compounds. Significantly, the ultrathin 2D nanosheets and its composite membranes show much higher sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions and nitro-containing compounds sensing, suggesting their potential applications in explosive detection and environmental monitoring.
Studies on Production of Lipids in Fungi. VI. (1982)

The influence of cultural conditions, especially C/N ratio of medium, growth temperature and nitrogen source, on the amounts of lipids formed in the mycelium of three species of Pellicularia genera was investigated. It was found that the decrease of C/N ratio and the increase of growth temperature generally resulted in the increase of the amounts of fungal lipids. Maximum accumulation of lipids in the mycelium, 197 mg/200 ml medium, from glucose by using NH4NO3 as a nitrogen source occurred at a C/N ratio of 5.7 at 35°C by P, filamentosa sp. sasakii, IFO No. 8985. The fatty acid compositions of neutral and polar lipid fractions fractionated from lipid extracts by silicic acid column chromatography and the lipid compositions of both fractions were determined. The influence of the cultural conditions on these compositions was also investigated. High amounts of linoleic acid were present in both lipid fractions, particularly incubated at a C/N ratio of 5.7 at 20°C.
Virtual Optical Network Provisioning for Software-defined Optical Networks (2014)

Virtual Optical Network service is considered the new killer app in Software-defined Optical Networks. This paper describes the general workflow of VON provisioning in SDON, a mapping pattern-based VON provisioning procedure and its performance evaluation.
The modified Dempster-Shafer approach to classification (1997)

This paper describes "modified Dempster-Shafer" (MDS), an approach to object identification which incorporates Bayesian prior distributions into an altered Dempster-Shafer rule of combination. The MDS combination rule reduces, under strong independence assumptions, to a special case of Bayes' rule. We show that MDS has rigorous probabilistic foundations in the theory of random sets. We also demonstrate close relationships between MDS and Smets' "pignistic" probabilities (1990), which in the MDS framework become true posterior distributions. We describe the application of MDS to a practical classification algorithm which uses an information-theoretic technique to limit the combinatorial explosion of evidence. We also define a non-ad hoc, MDS-based classification "miss distance" metric used to measure the performance of this algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Imidazolium Salt Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides with Hypervalent Organostannates. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation of ceramic fiber-ceramic matrix composites by a faster chemical vapor infiltration process (1985)

A new, faster process was developed for the fabrication of ceramic fiber-reinforced, ceramic-matrix composites by chemical vapor infiltration. Process and equipment improvements led to the fabrication of preforms with a higher fiber content, and infiltration improvements led to reduced infiltration run times and increased infiltrated densities. These improvements have produced composites with not only higher flexural strengths but also high strain values. The high strain values have been a goal of this work. 23 refs., 8 figs.
A Device for Experimental Radiosurgery (1991)

As radiosurgery evolves into a widely available treatment modality for a variety of intracranial lesions, the need for basic research concerning the radiobiology of high-dose single-fraction ionizing radiation becomes crucial. A device especially designed for experimental radiosurgery in the cat is described. It incorporates basic parts of the Kopf stereotactic frame for accurate target positioning. A motorized pendular movement of the machine is used to describe a radiation arc, while the radiation source (either a linear accelerator or a cobalt machine) remains stationary. The pathway of the different radiation arcs is modified by rotation of the animal platform around the machine isocenter. Mechanical accuracy tests have shown a maximal alignment error of 0.15 mm, comparing favorably with that reported for modern clinical radiosurgical systems.
Staged low NO sub x gas turbine combustor (1990)

The number of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy or MDMA) animal research articles is rapidly increasing and yet studies which place emphasis on the clinical significance are limited due to a lack of reliable human data. MDMA produces an acute, rapid release of brain serotonin and dopamine in experimental animals and in the rat this is associated with increased locomotor activity and the serotonin behavioural syndrome in rats. MDMA causes dose-dependent hyperthermia, which is potentially fatal, in humans, primates and rodents. Subsequent serotonergic neurotoxicity has been demonstrated by biochemical and histological studies and is reported to last for months in rats and years in non-human primates. Relating human data to findings in animals is complicated by reports that MDMA exposure in mice produces selective long-term dopaminergic impairment with no effect on serotonin. This review compares data obtained from animal and human studies and examines the acute physiological, behavioural and biochemical effects of MDMA as well as the long-term behavioural effects together with serotonergic and dopaminergic impairments. Consideration is also given to the role of neurotoxic metabolites and the influence of age, sex and user groups on the long-term actions of MDMA.
Interference Cancellation and Detection for Multiple Access Channels with Four Users (2010)

In multiple access channels, when users know each other channels, precoders can be designed utilizing channel information to cancel the interference at the receiver without sacrificing the diversity or the complexity of the system. In a recent work, it was shown that when there are only two users, a receiver can completely cancel the interference and provide full diversity for each user. Unfortunately, the scheme only works for two users. In this paper, we extend the scheme to 4 users. In other words, we propose a system to achieve interference cancellation and full diversity with low complexity for 4 users. We also provide simulation results that confirm our analysis.
Magnetic imaging of moat-guarded superconducting electronic circuits (1995)

Superconducting electronic circuits surrounded by various configurations of holes in the superconducting ground plane have been imaged using a high resolution scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. These data demonstrate that in the weak field limit continuous moats trap flux more effectively to protect the circuits than small holes in the same configuration.