gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Image Watermarking With Adaptive Embedding Parameter and PSNR Guarantee (2019)

Watermarking plays an important role in identifying the copyright of an image and related issues. The state-of-the-art watermark embedding schemes, spread spectrum and quantization, suffer from host signal interference (HSI) and scaling attacks, respectively. Both of them use a fixed embedding parameter, which is difficult to take both robustness and imperceptibility into account for all images. This paper solves the problems by proposing two novel blind watermarking schemes: a spread spectrum scheme with adaptive embedding strength (SSAES) and a differential quantization scheme with adaptive quantization threshold (DQAQT). Their adaptiveness comes from the proposed adaptive embedding strategy (AEP), which maximizes the embedding strength or quantization threshold by guaranteeing the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the host image after embedding the watermark, and strikes the balance between robustness and imperceptibility. SSAES is HSI free by factoring in the priori knowledge about HSI. In DQAQT, an effective quantization mode is proposed to resist scaling attacks by utilizing the difference between two selected DCT coefficients with high stability. Both SSAES and DQAQT can be easily applied to other watermarking frameworks. We introduce a notion called error threshold to theoretically analyze the performance of our proposed methods in details. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that SSAES and DQAQT outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, computational cost, and adaptability.
The Development and Evaluation of a Probe Hybridization Method for Subtyping HIV Type 1 Infection in Uganda (1998)

We developed a method for large-scale screening of HIV-1 genotypic variation based on DNA probe hybridization. Nested PCR amplifications were performed to generate fragments in the env C2-V3 region and also in the gp41 region, which encompasses the immunodominant domain. The proviral DNA sequences were derived from 68 samples and phylogenetically analyzed. For comparison, the C2-V3 fragment was used in DNA probe hybridization to rapidly determine the infecting HIV subtype. The hybridizing probes were designed on the basis of the two most prevalent subtypes in Uganda, A and D. The results were compared to evaluate the feasibility of using this hybridization method for large-scale genotypic screening. Sequence analysis of the 68 amplified PCR fragments showed that 39 were subtype A and 29 were subtype D. The results of DNA hybridization to the amplified products with A and D subtype-specific probes were more than 90% concordant with the subtypes determined by sequence analysis. Our findings suggest that probe hybridization with subtype-specific probes is effective for large-scale screening of HIV-infected populations. Application of this method will significantly reduce the time needed for large, population-based investigations.
Receiver-initiated channel-hopping for ad-hoc networks (2000)

The medium-access control (MAC) protocols for wireless networks proposed or implemented to date based on collision-avoidance handshakes between the sender and receiver either require carrier sensing or the assignment of unique codes to nodes to ensure that intended receivers hear data packets without interference from hidden sources (i.e. IEEE 802.11). We present and analyze a receiver-initiated channel-hopping (RICH) protocol, which is the first MAC protocol based on a receiver-initiated collision-avoidance handshake that does not require carrier sensing or the assignment of unique codes to nodes to ensure collision-free reception of data at the intended receivers in the presence of hidden terminals. The correct floor acquisition for RICH is verified, and the throughput and delay characteristics are calculated analytically. The RICH protocol presented here is applicable to ad-hoc networks based on commercial, on-the-shelf, spread spectrum frequency-hopping radios operating in unlicensed frequency bands.
Electronic dispersion compensation techniques for optical communication systems (2005)

Electronic domain methods of optical dispersion compensation are presented. It is shown that electric field modulation with electronic pre-compensation at the transmitter can substantially eliminate the need for optical compensators. (2 pages)
Color reproduction of authenticable luminescent backlit transmissive color images (2013)

Abstract We propose a method for creating authenticable color images under UV excitation backlight by printing an invisible luminescent white emissive ink layer on the verso side of a transmissive substrate and a classical cmy image on the recto side of the substrate. In order to obtain a backlit image whose colors are as close as possible to the original image colors, we map the input image sRGB color gamut into the gamut formed by the emissive white source attenuated by the classical ink halftones. The relationship between surface coverages of the classical cmy ink halftones and the resulting backlit colors is obtained by accounting for the transmission of the emissive white through the paper substrate and through the classical cmy ink halftones. The transmittance of the classical ink halftones is modeled by a new halftone absorbance prediction model. The lightness range of the luminescent backlit color gamut is expanded by printing a black and white UV‐absorbing instance of the original color image in superposition with the luminescent white emissive layer and in registration with the cmy image printed on the recto side. Luminescent backlit color images provide a high anticounterfeiting security, as they combine a verso printed invisible luminescent ink layer, a verso printed black and white instance of the original image and a matching recto printed cmy instance of the original image. The resulting luminescent backlit image colors are close to the original image colors only when observed in transmission mode under UV light. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 331–340, 2014
Design and Analysis of a Localization Method Using a Laser Sensor for Indoor Wheeled Mobile Robots (2011)

A new approach to localize an indoor wheeled mobile robot (WMR) using a low-cost laser sensor is proposed. An onboard laser sensor moving inside a guide way is used to recognize the unique pattern of a target, by virtue of which the vehicle is localized globally. A kinematic model is developed, which determines the vehicle orientation and location with respect to the center of the target object. Here, the design parameters of the target and guide way lengths are analyzed in terms of their influence on the localization accuracy in the presence of noise in measurements. The kinematic model and the design parameter analysis are validated by the simulation results.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen 1 Mediates Episome Persistence through <i>cis</i> -Acting Terminal Repeat (TR) Sequence and Specifically Binds TR DNA (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8) latently infects KS tumors, primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), and PEL cell lines. In latently infected cells, KSHV DNA is maintained as circularized, extrachromosomal episomes. To persist in proliferating cells, KSHV episomes must replicate and efficiently segregate to progeny nuclei. In uninfected B-lymphoblastoid cells, KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA1) is necessary and sufficient for persistence of artificial episomes containing specific KSHV DNA. In previous work, the cis-acting sequence required for episome persistence contained KSHV terminal-repeat (TR) DNA and unique KSHV sequence. We now show that cis-acting KSHV TR DNA is necessary and sufficient for LANA1-mediated episome persistence. Furthermore, LANA1 binds TR DNA in mobility shift assays and a 20-nucleotide LANA1 binding sequence has been identified. Since LANA1 colocalizes with KSHV episomes along metaphase chromosomes, these results are consistent with a model in which LANA1 may bridge TR DNA to chromosomes during mitosis to efficiently segregate KSHV episomes to progeny nuclei.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Two Different<i>nodD</i>Genes in<i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>USDA110 (1992)

Bradyrhizobium japonicum has two closely linked homologs of the nodulation regulatory gene, nodD; these homologs are located upstream of and in divergent orientation to the nodYABCSUIJ gene cluster. We report here the nucleotide sequence and mutational analyses of both nodD copies. The predicted NodD1 and NodD2 proteins shared 62% identical amino acid residues at corresponding positions and exhibited different degrees of homology with NodD proteins of other Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, and Rhizobium strains. Induction of the nodYABCSUIJ operon, as measured by expression of a translational nodC'-'lacZ fusion, required the nodD1 gene, but not nodD2. A B. japonicum mutant deleted for both nodD copies (strain delta 1267) still showed residual nodulation activity; however, nodulation of soybean was significantly delayed, and nodulation of mung bean and siratro resulted in strongly reduced nodule numbers. Fully efficient nodulation of mung bean and siratro by strain delta 1267 was restored by genetic complementation with the nodD1 gene, but not with nodD2. We conclude from these data that nodD1 is the critical gene that contributes to maximal nodulation efficiency, whereas the nodD2 gene does not play any obvious role in nodulation of the host plants tested.
Bioproduction of Perillyl Alcohol and Related Monoterpenes by Isolates of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1994)

ABSTRACT Bacillus stearothermophilus BR388 was isolated from orange peel by an enrichment culture using (+)‐limonene. The thermophilic isolate exhibited growth between 45 and 68°C., with optimum growth near 55°C. BR388 could grow on limonene as a sole carbon source, but grew and degraded limonene more effectively when supplemented with small amounts of yeast extract. Perillyl alcohol was the major conversion product, with α‐terpineol and perillyl aldehyde as minor products. Strains of B. stearothermophilus previously isolated from aromatic enrichments also grew on limonene, but had higher sensitivity to limonene toxicity than did BR388.
Defined large-scale alterations of the human cytomegalovirus genome constructed by cotransfection of overlapping cosmids (1996)

We have constructed defined human cytomegalovirus (CMV) mutants by cotransfecting overlapping cosmid clones spanning the 230-kbp genome. Using this strategy, we have introduced a 13-kbp region of DNA from a virulent strain of CMV into a defined position within the avirulent CMV(Towne) genome. Although more than 80% of the genome of these recombinant viruses was derived from Towne DNA, their plaque morphology more closely resembled that of Toledo. To date, CMV is the largest virus and requires the greatest number of cosmids to be regenerated via overlapping cosmid cotransfection.
Catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of stilbene cis-diamines: A concise preparation of (−)-Nutlin-3, a potent p53/MDM2 inhibitor (2011)

The first highly diastereo- and enantioselective additions of aryl nitromethane pronucleophiles to aryl aldimines are described. Identification of an electron rich chiral Bis(Amidine) catalyst for this aza-Henry variant was key to this development, leading ultimately to differentially protected cis-stilbene diamines in two steps. This method then became the lynchpin for an enantioselective synthesis of (-)-Nutlin-3 (Hoffmann-LaRoche), a potent cis-imidazoline small molecule inhibitor of p53-MDM2 used extensively as a probe of cell biology and currently in drug development.
Total Synthesis of Antigen <i>Bacillus Anthracis</i> Tetrasaccharide—Creation of an Anthrax Vaccine Candidate (2005)

Fighting Anthrax by recognizing its coat: The spores of Bacillus anthracis bear unique oligosaccharides on their surface for interaction with a host. These specific oligosaccharides may prove useful in the development of vaccines against this major biowarfare threat. The total synthesis of such a vaccine candidate (see picture, Pent=4-pentenyl) is reported. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502615_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interband Cascade Lasers for Wavelength Specific Applications in the 3-4 μm Spectral Range (2010)

Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are considered to be a very promising candidate for covering the mid-infrared wavelength range between 3 μm and 4 μm with just one type of semiconductor laser. Our contribution strengthens this thesis in terms of electro-optical results obtained from broad area and ridge waveguide ICL devices. A set of six ICLs with varied widths of the optically active InAs QWs shows emission from 2.97 μm to 4.16 μm without further changes to the underlying layout. Accompanied by photoluminescence measurements and theoretical calculations, a tuning rate of 0.55 μm per monolayer InAs and a linear temperature dependence of 1.88 nm/K from 150 K up to room temperature could be derived. The presented ICL results provide the means for device fabrication with high yield for applications dependent on a specific target wavelength.
Development and evaluation of real-time TaqMan<sup>®</sup>RT-PCR assays for the detection of avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus in chickens (2010)

The development and preliminary evaluations of two TaqMan®-based, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for the quantitative detection of avian nephritis virus (ANV) and chicken astrovirus (CAstV) RNAs are described. The assays used amplicons generated from the 3' untranslated region of the ANV genome and a conserved region of CAstV open reading frame 1b including its junction with open reading frame 2. High virus RNA levels (>10(5.99) viral copies) were detected for ANV and CAstV in 81% and 67% gut content samples from growth-retarded broiler flocks. Results from longitudinal surveys of two broiler flocks showed that ANV and CAstV RNAs were detected in most gut content and kidney samples collected at all time points from day 0 to day 35, with RNA levels of both astroviruses being higher in the gut contents than in the kidneys, and with the ANV RNA levels being greater than those of CAstV especially at early (days 7 and 14) time points. When the results obtained for the days 4/5 time-point samples from four broiler flocks with varying growth performances were compared, the two better-performing flocks had 100-fold to 1000-fold less ANV viral copies than the flocks that performed least well. Application of the rRT-PCR tests to samples collected from broiler chicks, which were experimentally infected with a crude gut content inoculum, demonstrated that ANV RNA could be detected in gut content and kidney samples at levels similar to those found at corresponding time points in longitudinal survey samples, whereas CAstV RNA was detected at lower levels than in the longitudinal survey samples, especially in kidney samples.
Demonstration of phase matching bandwidth extension in cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (2011)

Demonstration of phase matching bandwidth extension in cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped pulse amplification is reported. The pump source is a Yb fiber chirped-pulse amplifier system producing 500 fs pulses centred at 1034 nm with up to 4 W of average power. The signal source is an Er-doped fiber laser/amplifier centred at 1560 nm with 20 nm BW and 2mW of average power. The signal is stretched in 100 m of fiber to attain a 10 ps duration. Both laser sources have a 78-MHz repetition rate and are synchronized via electronic feedback. The enhancement cavity containing a 20 mm long PPLN and a 10% output coupler is locked to the pump source via the Hansch-Couillard locking scheme.
The Depth Limits of Eddy Current Testing for Defects: A Computational Investigation and Smooth-Shaped Defect Synthesis from Finite Element Optimization (2015)

Abstract : This paper presents a computational investigation of the validity of eddy current testing (ECT) for defects embedded in steel using parametrically designed defects. Of particular focus is the depths at which defects can be detected through ECT. Building on this we characterize interior defects by parametrically describing them and then examining the response fields through measurement. Thereby we seek to establish the depth and direction of detectable cracks. As a second step, we match measurements from eddy current excitations to computed fields through finite element optimization. This develops further our previously presented methods of defect characterization. Here rough contours of synthesized shapes are avoided by a novel scheme of averaging neighbor heights rather than using complex Bezier curves, constraints and such like. This avoids the jagged shapes corresponding to mathematically correct but unrealistic synthesized shapes in design and nondestructive evaluation.
Efficient flow-aware dynamic link load balancing (2009)

Link Load balancing and serves as a useful abstraction for achieving bandwidth aggregation by means of aggregating multiple physical links into a single logical link. It is a key component of traffic engineering, link aggregation, and equal cost multi-path routing. Dynamic link load balancing needs schemes that dynamically distribute traffic across multiple paths at a fine granularity without disrupting the packet flows. This distribution should be fair in terms traffic distribution and link usage to ensure effective utilization of the available link capacity. Existing solutions exhibit a tussle between their efficiency in distributing flows uniformly across the links and their ability to avoid packet reordering within a flow. This paper examines the inadequacies and limitations manifested in the existing solutions and introduce a new scalable dynamic load balancing scheme that guarantees with a very high and programmable probability that the heavily loaded link is never assigned a new flow. The proposed method also guarantees that the packets belonging to a flow are never distributed among the links, thus avoiding reordering and packet loss.
<title>Enhancement of coherence and intensity in a broad-area semiconductor laser array with injection locking</title> (2002)

This paper describes a method of enhancing coherence and intensity of a broad-area laser array. An experimental scheme has been proposed to injection lock a single or multiple broad-area high-power lasers in a commercially available 19-laser array driven by a common current source. We experimentally demonstrate both the injection locking of each individual broad-area laser and the simultaneous injection of two broad-area lasers in a 19-laser array using a single-mode laser as the source of injection. The method and required conditions for the simultaneous locking of all 19 lasers have been discovered from the experimental results.
Gradient copolymers - a new class of materials (1996)

In this work preparation of a new class of copolymers, namely gradient copolymers via controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is described. Due to the compositional gradient along the chain, gradient copolymers are expected to exhibit unique physical characteristics as compared to block and random copolymers with similar composition and molecular weight. These include unusual phase separation behavior, and mechanical and thermal properties. Using ATRP one can prepare gradient copolymers via two routes. The first one is the one-pot copolymerization of monomers with different reactitvity ratios r{sub 1}{much_gt}r{sub 2}. The second one is a copolymerization while continuously changing the comonomers feed composition.
ChemInform Abstract: C(3)‐CARBOXY‐CEPHEM (1975)

Abstract Der Aldehyd (I) wird in den Bromäthylcarbonsäureester (II) übergeführt, der zur Carbonsäure (III) gespalten wird.
A test generation method using a compacted test table and a test generation method using a compacted test plan table for RTL data path circuits (2003)

This paper proposes a test generation method using a compacted test table and a test generation method using a compacted test plan table for RTL data path circuits with DFT where hierarchical test generations are applicable. Moreover, a heuristic algorithm for a compacted test plan table generation is proposed. The proposed methods could shorten test lengths for some RTL data path circuits compared with the conventional hierarchical test generation method.
Gas-Mediated Electron Beam Induced Etching - From Fundamental Physics to Device Fabrication (2014)

Journal Article Gas-Mediated Electron Beam Induced Etching - From Fundamental Physics to Device Fabrication Get access A A Martin, A A Martin School of Physics and Advanced Materials, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I Aharonovich, I Aharonovich School of Physics and Advanced Materials, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Toth M Toth School of Physics and Advanced Materials, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 20, Issue S3, 1 August 2014, Pages 364–365, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927614003547 Published: 27 August 2014
Charge Storage Mechanism and Size Control of Germanium Nanocrystals in a Tri-layer Insulator Structure of a MIS Memory Device (2003)

A method of synthesizing and controlling the size of germanium nanocrystals is developed. A tri-layer metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) memory device structure comprising of a thin (~5nm) silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layer grown using rapid thermal oxidation (RTO), followed by a layer of Ge+SiO₂ of varying thickness (3 - 6 nm) deposited using a radio frequency (rf) co-sputtering technique, and a capping SiO₂ layer (50nm) deposited using rf sputtering is investigated. It was verified that the size of germanium (Ge) nanocrystals in the vertical z-direction in the trilayer memory device was controlled by varying the thickness of the middle (cosputtered Ge+SiO₂) layer. From analyses using transmission electron microscopy and capacitance-voltage measurements, we deduced that both electrons and holes are most likely stored within the nanocrystals in the middle layer of the trilayer structure rather than at the interfaces of the nanocrystals with the oxide matrix.
A Sensitivity Variable Tactile Sensor with Self-Tuner (2003)

This paper proposes a tactile sensor capable of automatically adjusting its sensitivity, depending upon the contact information. Suppose a strain gauge based sensor, such as multi-axis force sensor and tactile sensor. One big issue for those sensors is the signal saturation due to large input for a particular direction. The proposed sensor system can automatically avoid such a situation with combination of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) . The sensor is composed of a controller and an analyzer. The analyzer provides with the contact force and the controller tunes up the amplitude of each frequency. We discuss the basic design relue where two theorems are introduced for guaranteeing the working principle of the sensor with AGC. Experimental results are also shown for validating the basic idea of the proposed sensor.