gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low noise high dynamic range analog front-end ASIC for the AGIPD XFEL detector (2012)

In this paper we present a low noise high dynamic range analog front-end ASIC designed for the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) being developed for the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility. The ASIC has 64 × 64 pixels with a pixel size of 200 × 200 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and is bump bonded to a silicon sensor for X-ray imaging. Each pixel includes an adaptive gain charge integrating amplifier (AGCIA) and 352 analog storage cells. The gain of the AGCIA dynamically adapts to the number of photons arriving at the sensor in order to achieve a single photon resolution and a dynamic range of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> 12 keV photons. The XFEL bunch trains consist of up to 2700 bunches separated by 220 ns (600 us in total) followed by an idle time of 99.4 ms. The AGCIA operates in a 220 ns repeating cycle by storing images and the gain information into the pixel memory during the pulse train. The stored images are read out during the breaks of the bunch trains. Several prototypes are designed and fabricated in IBM 130 nm CMOS technology. The measurements showed an input equivalent noise charge (ENC) lower than 300 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and a dynamic range of 7000 photons.
Optical Properties of Bistable Twisted Nematic LCD and its Switching Mechanisms (1997)

Meningothelial cells (MECs) are the cellular component of the meninges that provide physical protection to the central nervous system (CNS). Their main function is the formation of a barrier enclosing the brain including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further, MECs are involved in maintaining CSF homeostasis by clearing CSF from bacteria and apoptotic cells. Furthermore, secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involves MECs in immunological processes in the CNS. We demonstrated that meningothelial Ben-Men-1 cells ingest neurotoxic peptides amyloid-β (Aβ<sup>1-40</sup>) and protein α-synuclein up to about 10-fold more efficiently compared to neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ<sup>1-40</sup> and α-synuclein are mainly taken up via macropinocytosis. Caveolar endocytosis in addition contributes to α-synuclein ingestion. Upon uptake, both are trafficked towards lysosomal degradation. While production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following exposure to Aβ<sup>25-35</sup> and α-synuclein was similar between Ben-Men-1 and SH-SY5Y cells, mitochondrial function in Ben-Men-1 was significantly more robust to Aβ<sup>25-35</sup> treatment compared to neuronal-like SHSY5Y cells. Similarly, Ben-Men-1 were significantly less susceptible to Aβ<sup>25-35</sup>-induced cell death than neuronal-like cells. Furthermore, co-culture with Ben-Men-1 offered significant protection to neuronal-like cells against Aβ<sup>25-35</sup>-induced apoptosis. This study reveals for the first time the function of MECs as scavengers of neurotoxic Aβ and α-synuclein, thereby connecting these cells to neuroprotective processes and suggesting a new mechanism and pathway for clearing neurotoxic substances from the CSF.
Coincidence of Gaucher's disease due to a private mutation and Ph′ positive chronic myeloid leukemia (1998)

We report the case of a 46-year-old female with coexisting type I Gaucher's disease and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was made in early childhood by bone marrow biopsy and was recently confirmed by biochemical demonstration of reduced leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase activity and the presence of Gaucher cells in a bone marrow aspirate. We analyzed the patient's genomic DNA for the underlying glucocerebrosidase mutations and have found homozygosity for a C→T transition in cDNA nucleotide 593 (159 Pro→Leu), presently an undescribed mutation. After initiation of replacement therapy with alglucerase we observed a significant increase of the platelet count in our patient. The diagnosis of CML was based on standard hematological parameters and the detection of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). With intermittent treatment with busulfan the patient has remained in chronic phase for nine years. The patient suffered from hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, both of which can be caused by Gaucher's disease and CML. The aggravation of skeletal manifestations of Gaucher's disease, which occurred at the time of diagnosis of CML, could be due to increased production of leukocyte-derived glucocerebrosides that were not appropriately degraded because of the genetic β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Am. J. Hematol. 59:87–90, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RTP Stream Pause and Resume (2016)

With the increased popularity of real-time multimedia applications, it
is desirable to provide good control of resource usage, and users also
demand more control over communication sessions. This document
describes how a receiver in a multimedia conversation can pause and
resume incoming data from a sender by sending real-time feedback
messages when using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) for real-
time data transport. This document extends the Codec Control Message
(CCM) RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) feedback package by explicitly
allowing and describing specific use of existing CCMs and adding a
group of new real-time feedback messages used to pause and resume RTP
data streams. This document updates RFC 5104.
Renin inhibitors containing a pyridyl amino diol derived C-terminus (1993)

Based on the concept of transition-state analogs, a series of nonpeptide renin inhibitors with the new (2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-1-cyclohexyl-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-pyridyl)hexane moiety at the C-terminal functionality were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of renin both in vitro and in vivo. All compounds exhibited potencies in the nanomolar or even subnanomolar range when tested versus human renin in vitro. Selected inhibitors were evaluated in anesthetized, sodium-depleted rhesus monkeys and produced a marked reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) upon intraduodenal administration of a dose of 2 mg/kg. Compound 38 (S 2864) containing an amino piperidyl succinic acid derived N-terminal is the most promising member in this series. 38 inhibited human renin with an IC50 of 0.38 nM, did not affect other human aspartic proteinases, and decreased mean arterial blood pressure significantly by 27% with a duration of action of 90 min after administration of 2 mg/kg id in anesthetized, sodium-depleted rhesus monkeys.
Species‐specific susceptibility to cannabis‐induced convulsions (2018)

This article is part of a themed section on 8<sup>th</sup> European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
A Silicon Optical Transistor (2012)

We demonstrate an all-optical transistor with the modulated output signal simultaneously having an output/input ratio > 3 dB and ON/OFF ratio > 20 dB. The microring based device is ultra-compact and CMOS compatible.
Abstract 160: Targeting cysteine-mediated dimerization of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in human cancer cells (2012)

Abstract The MUC1 heterodimeric protein is aberrantly overexpressed in diverse human carcinomas and contributes to the malignant phenotype. The MUC1-C transmembrane subunit contains a CQC motif in the cytoplasmic domain that has been implicated in the formation of dimers and in its oncogenic function. The present studies demonstrate that MUC1-C forms dimers in human breast and lung cancer cells. MUC1-C dimerization was detectable in the cytoplasm and was independent of MUC1-N, the N-terminal mucin subunit that extends outside the cell. We show that the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain forms dimers in vitro that are disrupted by reducing agents. Moreover, dimerization of the MUC1-C subunit in cancer cells was blocked by reducing agents and increased by oxidative stress, supporting involvement of the CQC motif in forming disulfide bonds. In support of these observations, mutation of the MUC1-C CQC motif to AQA completely blocked MUC1-C dimerization. Importantly, these studies were performed with MUC1-C devoid of fluorescent proteins, such as GFP, CFP and YFP. In this regard, we show that GFP, CFP and YFP themselves form dimers that are readily detectable with cross-linking agents. The present results further demonstrate that a cell-penetrating peptide that targets the MUC1-C CQC cysteines blocks MUC1-C dimerization in cancer cells. These findings provide definitive evidence that (i) the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain cysteines are necessary and sufficient for MUC1-C dimerization and (ii) these CQC motif cysteine represent an Achilles’ heel for targeting MUC1-C function. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 160. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-160
Extensive crosslinking of CD22 by epratuzumab triggers BCR signaling and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human lymphoma cells (2014)

Epratuzumab has demonstrated therapeutic activity in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome, but its mechanism of affecting normal and malignant B cells remains incompletely understood. We reported previously that epratuzumab displayed in vitro cytotoxicity to CD22-expressing Burkitt lymphoma cell lines (Daudi and Ramos) only when immobilized on plates or combined with a crosslinking antibody plus a suboptimal amount of anti-IgM (1 μg/mL). Herein, we show that, in the absence of additional anti-IgM ligation, extensive crosslinking of CD22 by plate-immobilized epratuzumab induced intracellular changes in Daudi cells similar to ligating B-cell antigen receptor with a sufficiently high amount of anti-IgM (10 μg/mL). Specifically, either treatment led to phosphorylation of CD22, CD79a and CD79b, along with their translocation to lipid rafts, both of which were essential for effecting caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, such immobilization induced stabilization of F-actin, phosphorylation of Lyn, ERKs and JNKs, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl and Mcl-1. The physiological relevance of immobilized epratuzumab was implicated by noting that several of its in vitro effects, including apoptosis, drop in Δψm, and generation of ROS, could be observed with soluble epratuzumab in Daudi cells co-cultivated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that the in vivo mechanism of non-ligand-blocking epratuzumab may, in part, involve the unmasking of CD22 to facilitate the trans-interaction of B cells with vascular endothelium.
Low inductance switching studies for Linear Transformer Drivers (2009)

We are developing new low-inductance gas switches for Linear Transformer Drivers (LTDs). Linear Transformer drivers are a new pulsed-power architecture that may dramatically reduce the size and cost of future pulsed-power drivers, but which place stringent requirements on gas switches. A typical large LTD may have 10,000 or more gas switches that are DC-charged to 200 kV and that must be triggered with a jitter of 5-ns or less with a very low prefire rate. We are studying new air-insulated gas switches with total inductances of 68-90 nH. These switches transfer 100 J of stored energy for thousands of shots. Typical 10%-90% current rise-times are less than 50 ns and peak currents are on the order of 40 kA into a matched load. One of the switches has a 1-sigma jitter less than 800 picoseconds. Since triggering 10,000 or more switches is a significant challenge, we are also making a detailed study triggering requirements for these switches. We have previously reported tests of four competing switches for LTDs. In this article we report new tests on improved versions of two of the four switches described previously.
Alternative biological-treatment processes for remediation of creosote- and PCP-contaminated materials: Bench-scale treatability studies (1991)

Bench-scale biotreatability studies were performed to determine the most effective of two bioremediation application strategies to ameliorate creosote- and pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soils present at the American Creosote Works Superfund site, Pensacola, Florida: solid-phase bioremediation or slurry-phase bioremediation. When indigenous microorganisms were employed as biocatalysts, solid-phase bioremediation was slow and ineffective (8-12 weeks required to biodegrade >50% of resident organics). Biodegradation was limited to lower-molecular-weight constituents rather than the more hazardous, higher-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds; PCP and HMW polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing 4 or more fused rings resisted biological attach. Moreover, supplementation with aqueous solution of inorganic nutrients had little effect on the overall effectiveness of the treatment strategy. Alternatively, slurry-phase bioremediation was much more effective: >50% of targeted organics were biodegraded in 14 days. Again, however, more persistent contaminants, such as PCP and HMW PAHs, were not extensively degraded when subjected to the action of indigenous microorganisms.
Co-Production of Hydrogen and Methanol Using Fuel Mix Systems: Technical and Economic Assessment (2021)

With the increase in global energy requirements, the utilization of fossil fuels has also increased, which has caused global warming. In this study, a process integration framework based on an energy mix system is proposed to simultaneously produce two cleaner fuels (methanol and H2). Aspen Plus is used to develop process models followed by their techno-economic assessment. Case 1 is considered the base case process, where the coal–biomass gasification process is used to produce the synthesis gas, which is further converted into H2 and methanol. Conversely, the case 2 design represents the novel process configuration framework, where the coal–biomass gasification technology in case 1 is sequentially integrated with the methane reforming technology to minimize the energy penalties while increasing the net fuel production. To perform the technical analysis, the fuel production rates, carbon conversion efficiencies and specific energy requirements are compared for both models. It is analyzed from the results that the case 2 design offers higher methanol and H2 production rates with lower energy requirements. Additionally, the specific energy requirement for case 2 is 29% lower compared to the case 1 design, leading to an increase in the process efficiency of case 2 by 3.5%.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet as a Dry Alternative to Inkjet Printing in Flexible Electronics (2016)

We have developed an atmospheric pressure plasma jet printing system that works at room temperature to 50 deg C unlike conventional aerosol assisted techniques which require a high temperature sintering step to obtain desired thin films. Multiple jets can be configured to increase throughput or to deposit multiple materials, and the jet(s) can be moved across large areas using a x-y stage. The plasma jet has been used to deposit carbon nanotubes, graphene, silver nanowires, copper nanoparticles and other materials on substrates such as paper, cotton, plastic and thin metal foils.
Effect of Mask Wall Angle on Shape Evolution during Through‐Mask Electrochemical Micromachining (1996)

A mathematical model to predict shape evolution during through‐mask electrochemical micromachining (EMM) has been developed. Boundary element method has been used to solve the Laplace equation for electric potential with appropriate boundary conditions that describe the metal dissolution process under ohmic control. The influence of mask wall angle on shape of the evolving cavity, current distribution within the cavity and etch factor have been determined. For mask wall angles less than 90°, the etch factor increased due to the shadowing effect of the mask, whereas the etch factor decreased for mask wall angles greater than 90°. The influence of mask wall angle has been found to diminish with increasing metal film thickness.
Atomic scenes for scalable traffic scene recognition in monocular videos (2016)

The efficacy of advance warning systems (AWS) in automobiles can be significantly enhanced by semantic recognition of traffic scenes that pose a potential danger. However, the complexity of road scenes and the need for real-time solutions pose key challenges. This paper proposes a novel framework for monocular traffic scene recognition, relying on a decomposition into high-order and atomic scenes to meet those challenges. High-order scenes carry semantic meaning useful for AWS applications, while atomic scenes are easy to learn and represent elemental behaviors based on 3D localization of individual traffic participants. Atomic scenes allow our framework to be scalable, since a few of them combine to influence prediction for a wide array of high-order scenes. We propose a novel hierarchical model that captures co-occurence and mutual exclusion relationships while incorporating both low-level trajectory features and high-level scene features, with parameters learned using a structured support vector machine. We propose efficient inference that exploits the structure of our model to obtain real-time rates. Further, we demonstrate experiments in a large-scale dataset for scene recognition that consists of challenging traffic videos of inner-city scenes with ground truth annotations of scene types and object bounding boxes, as well as state-of-the-art 3D object localization outputs. Our experiments show the advantages of our approach relative to several baselines on a novel Inner-City dataset.
Evidence indicating trophic importance of IGF‐1 in regenerating peripheral nerves (1986)

The mechanisms influencing regeneration of peripheral nerves are incompletely known, but growth factors are supposed to play a key role. In the present study, we demonstrate, with the aid of immunohistochemical methods, that somatomedin C (Sm-C/insulin-like growth factor I/IGF-I) rapidly increased from low to high concentrations, reaching peak values in 2 weeks, in regenerating sciatic nerves of adult rats. In addition, IGF-I was demonstrated extracellularly, never observed in the control nerves. Reactive Schwann cells appeared to be the major source for IGF-synthesis. Higher concentrations were seen in tubulated nerves as compared to sutured ones. It is proposed that IGF-I exerts important growth supporting effects on regenerating peripheral nerves.
β3-adrenergic agonists: potential therapeutics for obesity (1997)

During the last decade a number of beta3-adrenergic receptor agonists have been advanced to clinical trials. The results of human studies to date have been disappointing with respect to sustained increases in metabolic rate and weight loss. Cloning of beta3-adrenoceptors in a number of species and subsequent pharmacological evaluations revealed these early investigational drugs to be weakly active against the human receptor, suggesting an explanation for the poor performance of these compounds in clinical trials. This information has been integrated into subsequent research efforts resulting in the discovery of agents with activities optimised for the human receptor. This new generation of compounds is in late preclinical/early clinical development and are poised to address the role beta3-adrenoceptor signalling plays in the obese state. Issues related to the potential for beta3-adrenergic agonists to positively impact metabolic parameters in humans are also discussed.
Bioactive peptides derived from vascular endothelial cell extracellular matrices promote microvascular morphogenesis and wound healing in vitro (2010)

Studies in our laboratory indicate that collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum promotes endothelial cell and keratinocyte responses to injury in vitro and wound healing in vivo. We postulate that matrix degradation by Clostridial collagenase creates bioactive fragments that can stimulate cellular responses to injury and angiogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we performed limited digestion of defined capillary-endothelial-derived extracellular matrices using purified human or bacterial collagenases. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies recognizing collagens I, II, III, IV, and V, followed by mass spectrometry reveals the presence of unique fragments in bacterial, but not human-enzyme-digested matrix. Results show that there are several bioactive peptides liberated from Clostridial collagenase-treated matrices, which facilitate endothelial responses to injury, and accelerate microvascular remodeling in vitro. Fragments of collagen IV, fibrillin-1, tenascin X, and a novel peptide created by combining specific amino acids contained within fibrillin 1 and tenascin X each have profound proangiogenic properties. The peptides used at 10-100 nM increase rates of microvascular endothelial cell proliferation by up to 47% and in vitro angiogenesis by 200% when compared with serum-stimulated controls. Current studies are aimed at revealing the molecular mechanisms regulating peptide-induced wound healing while extending these in vitro observations using animal modeling.
Effect of Chemical and Physical Properties on the In Vitro Degradation of 3D Printed High Resolution Poly(propylene fumarate) Scaffolds (2017)

Two distinct molecular masses of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) are combined with an additive manufacturing process to fabricate highly complex scaffolds possessing controlled chemical properties and porous architecture. Scaffolds were manufactured with two polymer molecular masses and two architecture styles. Degradation was assessed in an accelerated in vitro environment. The purpose of the degradation study is not to model or mimic in vivo degradation, but to efficiently compare the effect of modulating scaffold properties. This is the first study addressing degradation of chain-growth synthesized PPF, a process that allows for considerably more control over molecular mass distribution. It demonstrates that, with greater process control, not only is scaffold fabrication reproducible, but the mechanical properties and degradation kinetics can be tailored by altering the physical properties of the scaffold. This is a clear step forward in using PPF to address unmet medical needs while meeting regulatory demands and ultimately obtaining clinical relevancy.