gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study of Time Reversal Techniques for Ultra-Wideband Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment of Breast Cancer (2007)

We present a computational study of the application of time reversal (TR) principles to microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer. A wideband source is excited at the tumor location (the desired focus) in an electromagnetic (EM) simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the transmitted wave is recorded at multiple antenna locations. The FDTD-computed signals are time reversed for transmission into the breast. The same set of FDTD-computed signals is also used in a comparative investigation of a space-time beamforming technique, which has been previously studied for microwave hyperthermia. We discuss the relation between these two approaches, and compare the focusing efficacy and heating selectivity of the TR and beamforming approaches using FDTD EM and thermal simulations with anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms. Promising results from both methods are obtained.
Efficient stimulus independent timing abstraction model based on a new concept of circuit block transparency (2002)

We have developed a new timing abstraction model for digital circuit blocks that is stimulus independent, port based, supports designs with level triggered latches, and can be input into commercial STA (Static Timing Analysis) tools. The model is based on an extension of the concept of latch transparency to circuit block transparency introduced in this paper. It was implemented, tested and is being used in conjunction with transistor level STA for microprocessor designs with tens of millions of transistors. The STA simulation times are significantly shorter than with gray box timing models, which can decrease the overall chip timing verification time. The model can also be used in the intellectual property encapsulation domain.
Abstract 4962: <i>ERG</i> expression levels in prostate tumors reflect functional status of the androgen receptor as a consequence of fusion of <i>ERG</i> with AR regulated gene promoters (2010)

Abstract Background: Androgen dependent overexpression of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is the most prevalent chromosomal rearrangement in prostate cancer. During our recent evaluations of the ERG downstream transcriptional targets, we identified 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase gene (HPGD) in response to ERG knock-down. HPGD is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of prostaglandins and lipoxins by converting them into inactive keto-metabolites, and physiologically antagonizes COX-2, a prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme. HPGD also behaves as a tumor suppressor in many cancers as overexpression of HPGD resulted in marked inhibition of cell growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential connection between ERG overexpression and prostaglandin signaling. Experimental procedures: Small interference RNA (siRNA) oligo duplex was used to knock-down endogenous ERG and HPGD expressions. Western blot assay and Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expressions. QT-PCR (normalized to GAPDH) was used for transcriptome analysis. GeneChip, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and cell proliferation assay were utilized for functional analysis. Results: ERG knock-down in VCaP prostate tumor cells results in overexpression of HPGD, down regulation of the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4), and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 induced Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA) expression and cell growth. Comparison of HPGD between TMPRSS2:ERG positive and negative prostate tumors revealed a trend towards decreased HPGD expression in fusion positive tumors. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that ERG over-expression in CaP cells may positively influence prostaglandin mediated signaling. Funding sources: NIH Grants RO1 DK065977 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4962.
Thermoplastic media for holographic data storage (2005)

The growing prevalence of digital technologies has led to increased data generation so that new storage technologies must be developed to handle expanding capacity demand. Holographic data storage is a very promising candidate with the potential to provide ultra-high density data storage. Currently, many teams are developing holographic storage technology, with much of the emphasis on professional archival applications. However, consumer-oriented applications are also growing rapidly and the requirements for these applications are different from those for professional archival storage. In particular, a holographic medium for consumer applications must be simple, cheap, and easy to process. In addition, where content distribution is the intended application, the medium must also be compatible with mastering and replication processes. We present a new holographic medium designed to meet the requirements of consumer oriented applications. The media is based on thermoplastic materials that are modified by the inclusion of photo-chemically active dyes. A series of 0.6 and 1.2 mm thick discs were injection molded and characterized for holographic storage capacity and sensitivity. The first series of samples showed large refractive index modulations of 0.03 but a poor sensitivity of 0.1 cm/J. Analysis of the data showed that the low sensitivity limited the usable capacity of the media to M/# values of ~1. A new series of dyes were synthesized with optimized efficiency and injection molded in 1.2 mm substrates. These substrates demonstrated comparable usable capacity but with significantly increased sensitivities. The results of the measurements of the injection-molded thermoplastic media are presented.
Benefits of recycling galvanized steel scrap for recovery of high-quality steel and zinc metal (1991)

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Metal Recovery Industries, Inc. (MRII), in cost-sharing collaboration, have developed an electrolytic process to separate and recover steel and zinc from galvanized steel scrap. This work has been supported by the US DOE. An assessment of available dezinc technology was begun in 1987 which (1) screened process concepts for separating and recovering zinc and steel from galvanized ferrous scrap, (2) selected electrochemical stripping in hot caustic as the most promising process, (3) evaluated the technical and economic feasibility of the selected process on the basis of fundamental electrochemical studies, (4) experimentally verified the technical and economic feasibility of the process in a phased evaluation from bench-scale controlled experiments through batch tests of actual scrap up to six ton lots, and (5) concluded that the process has technical and economic merit and requires larger- scale evaluation in a continuous mode as the final phase of process development. This work has attracted worldwide interest. Preliminary economic analysis indicates that the cost of the recovered ferrous scrap would be about $150/ton (at a base cost of $110/ton for galvanized scrap), including credit for the co-product zinc. Concentrations of zinc, lead, cadmium and other coating constituents on loose scrap are reduced by a minimum of 98%, with zinc, in particular, reduced to below 0.1%. Removal efficiencies on baled scrap with bulk densities between 60 and 245 pounds per cubic foot range from 80 to 90%. About 1000 tons of galvanized scrap bales have been treated in batch operation at MRII in Hamilton, Ontario. A pilot plant for continuous treatment of 40 ton/day of loose scrap is being built by MRII in East Chicago, Indiana, with operation starting in early 1992. 9 refs.
First-in-Human Evaluation of a Hexon Chimeric Adenovirus Vector Expressing HIV-1 Env (IPCAVD 002) (2014)

Ad5HVR48.ENVA.01 was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic at all doses tested. Vector-elicited nAb responses were greater for Ad48 than Ad5, confirming that Ad-specific nAbs in humans are primarily, but not exclusively, directed against the hexon hypervariable regions. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00695877.
Effect of Drug Transporter Genes on Cysteine Export and Overproduction in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

L-cysteine is an important amino acid in terms of its industrial applications. We previously found a marked production of L-cysteine from glucose in recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing an altered cysE gene encoding feedback inhibition-insensitive serine acetyltransferase. Also, a lower level of cysteine desulfhydrase (CD) activity, which is involved in L-cysteine degradation, increased L-cysteine productivity in E. coli. The use of an L-cysteine efflux system could be promising for breeding L-cysteine overproducers. In addition to YdeD and YfiK, which have been reported previously as L-cysteine exporter proteins in E. coli, we analyzed the effects of 33 putative drug transporter genes in E. coli on L-cysteine export and overproduction. Overexpression of the acrD, acrEF, bcr, cusA, emrAB, emrKY, ybjYZ, and yojIH genes reversed the growth inhibition of tnaA (the major CD gene)-disrupted E. coli cells by L-cysteine. We also found that overexpression of these eight genes reduces intracellular L-cysteine levels after cultivation in the presence of L-cysteine. Amino acid transport assays showed that Bcr overexpression conferring bicyclomycin and tetracycline resistance specifically promotes L-cysteine export driven by energy derived from the proton gradient. When a tnaA-disrupted E. coli strain expressing the altered cysE gene was transformed with a plasmid carrying the bcr gene, the transformant exhibited more L-cysteine production than cells carrying the vector only. A reporter gene assay suggested that the bcr gene is constitutively expressed at a substantial level. These results indicate that the multidrug transporter Bcr in the major facilitator family is involved in L-cysteine export and overproduction in genetically engineered E. coli cells.
Glancing angle deposition: recent research results (1999)

Unique thin film microstructures have been fabricated with the Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technique. These porous, thin films can be engineered with a variety of different morphologies to sub-micron dimensions, including helical, post, and chevron or zigzag microstructures. This paper reports some recent results in study and application of films deposited using GLAD, namely: the use of low pressure, long throw sputtering to produce porous titanium films; deposition of porous, structured ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> films for use as thermal barriers; and measurement of the mechanical response of chiral or `microspring' thin films.
Handheld Controller For Robotic End Effector (1988)

Controller provides both position and force feedback. Hand grip houses controller. End-effector force and position fed back to operator's hand through rotation of trigger and rocking of trigger guard.
Free-Floating Cryostat Sections for Immunoelectron Microscopy: Bridging the Gap from Light to Electron Microscopy (2000)

Abstract Since skin basement membrane protein components are labile to conventional chemical fixation and since skin is not amenable to vibratome sectioning, frozen skin sections are routinely used for light microscopic immunohistochemical study of the skin basement membrane zone. However, inherent limitations of conventional frozen sections, including compromised morphology and a requirement for glass slidemounting, usually limit study to the light microscopic level. In the present study, we introduce the use of unfixed, free-floating cryostat sections to characterize immunolocalizations of selected basement membrane protein components at both the light and electron microscopy level. The new procedure employs free-floating cryostat sections that can be processed as routine tissue specimens and can be subjected to a variety of special staining procedures including immunohistochemistry. Especially useful is the ease of progressive processing of the same tissue specimen from light microscopy to electron microscopy.
A Regenerable Calcium-Based Core-in-Shell Sorbent for Desulfurizing Hot Coal Gas (2002)

A regenerable calcium-based sorbent was prepared by pelletizing either powdered limestone or calcium sulfate hemihydrate and then coating the pellets with an optimum mixture of powdered alumina and limestone. The pellets were subsequently calcined and treated at high temperature to produce pellets with a calcium oxide core surrounded by a strong, inert porous shell. The crushing strength of the core-in-shell pellets was directly proportional to the shell thickness. The performance characteristics of the sorbent were determined by employing a thermogravimetric analysis system to measure the rate of reaction of individual pellets with small concentrations of H2S at high temperature. The reaction was rapid and directly proportional to H2S concentration. The reaction rate was not affected greatly by the thickness of the pellet shell or by temperature in the range of 840−920 °C. However, the rate was more rapid for hemihydrate-based pellets than for limestone-based pellets. The hemihydrate-based pellets also had the advantage of withstanding repeated loading and regeneration without suffering a significant loss of reactivity, whereas the limestone-based pellets did suffer markedly.
Closed-Loop Position and Cadence Tracking Control for FES-Cycling Exploiting Pedal Force Direction With Antagonistic Biarticular Muscles (2017)

A functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based position and cadence tracking controller is developed to enable cycling by exploiting antagonistic biarticular muscles. A model of a stationary cycle and a rider is developed as a closed-chain mechanism. A strategy is then developed to switch between muscle groups based on the force direction of each muscle group. Stability of the developed controller is analyzed through Lyapunov-based methods. Experiments were conducted in seven healthy individuals and one individual with Parkinson's disease to illustrate the performance of the developed method. Specifically, the developed method was compared with voluntary tracking in terms of the position and velocity tracking errors. From the experimental results, we conclude that the proposed method can realize FES-cycling close to voluntary tracking.
Spatio-temporal video interpolation and denoising using motion-assisted steering kernel (MASK) regression (2008)

In this paper, we extend a (2-D) data-adaptive steering kernel regression framework for image processing to a (3-D) spatio-temporal framework for processing video. In particular, we propose a motion- assisted steering kernel (MASK) suitable for interpolating video data spatially, temporally, or spatio-temporally, and for video noise reduction. We present an algorithm for multi-frame interpolation and reconstruction of video data, and present several simulation results on synthetic and real video data. Comparisons between single-frame and multi-frame kernel regression and with other methods demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Structural fingerprinting in the transmission electron microscope: overview and opportunities to implement enhanced strategies for nanocrystal identification (2007)

This paper illustrates the prospective need for structural fingerprinting methods for nanocrystals. A review of the existing fingerprinting methods for crystal structures by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which work for a single setting of the specimen goniometer is given. Suggestions are made on how some of these methods could be enhanced when nanocrystals and novel instrumentation are involved, i.e. when either the kinematic or quasi-kinematic scattering approximations are sufficiently well satisfied. A novel strategy for lattice-fringe fingerprinting of nanocrystals from Fourier transforms of high-resolution phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images is briefly outlined. Nanocrystal structure specific limitations to the application of this strategy are discussed.
Metasurface external cavity laser (2015)

A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser is demonstrated in the terahertz range, which is based upon an amplifying metasurface reflector composed of a sub-wavelength array of antenna-coupled quantum-cascade sub-cavities. Lasing is possible when the metasurface reflector is placed into a low-loss external cavity such that the external cavity—not the sub-cavities—determines the beam properties. A near-Gaussian beam of 4.3° × 5.1° divergence is observed and an output power level &gt;5 mW is achieved. The polarized response of the metasurface allows the use of a wire-grid polarizer as an output coupler that is continuously tunable.
Downlink multiuser MIMO scheduling in LTE Advanced systems (2012)

In this paper, we consider the downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) scheduling for the fourth generation LTE Advanced (LTE-A) cellular networks. The DL MU-MIMO scheduling can be posed as an optimization problem to maximize the weighted sum rate subject to several practical constraints, such as a per-user rank constraint. Due to these constraints finding the optimal solution becomes an NP-hard problem. Consequently, we propose an efficient albeit sub-optimal rank balancing approach that enforces the peruser rank constraint and present several rank balancing based scheduling algorithms. We show that the proposed algorithms are guaranteed to yield constant-factor approximations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed rank balancing based scheduling algorithms outperform other competing schemes over various relevant system scenarios.
A New Approach to Flux and Torque-Sensing in Induction Machines (1986)

A new method of air-gap flux sensing in induction machines is introduced which is based on sensing the voltage across individual motor coils. By subtracting the voltage across two properly located motor coils a signal is obtained which is independent of stator ir drop and nearly independent of motor leakage reactance drop. By combining the proposed flux sensing method with conventional current transducers, the electromagnetic torque is readily computed. The method has been implemented in the laboratory and good correlation has been obtained for both sinusoidal and inverter power supplies.
Ultra-low-power data-driven networking system (2009)

Power dissipation is a crucial issue for integrating more than billions transistors on a chip. At the same time, reduction in energy consumption will be an essential subject to build future networking environment evolutionarily. This research project proposed in this paper is aiming at developing a data-driven networking system by which the coming networking environment can be realized with ultra-low-power consumption 1/100 to 1/1000 of the present. In order to minimize energy consumption in the system, our project will integrate two approaches by ultimately utilizing passive data-driven principle in realizing both (1)data-driven chip multiprocessor platform based on self-timed elastic pipeline and (2)networking scheme based on ad hoc network technology. As for the platform, particular design considerations by ultimately utilizing passive operation mode in the data-driven principle were taken to achieve both (1)scalable stream execution based on low-power selftimed (clockless) elastic pipelines and (2)realtime multiprocessing without any runtime overheads essentially needed in multimedia communication. As for the networking system, this project introduces energy aware ad hoc networking schemes to reduce the number of control packets that results in reduction of energy consumption at the networking layer. This paper reports the research directions and prospects of our ultra-low-power data-driven networking system project.
Determination of Active Constraints in a Network (2012)

Summary There is increasing interest in modeling networks of wells, including subsurface components of complex wells and surface facilities. Such modeling requires setting constraints at various points in the network. Typical constraints are maximum phase flow rates and minimum flowing pressures. A major difficulty in network calculations is determining which of these constraints is active. This paper presents a method that uses slack variables in determining active constraints. The linearized equations of interest generally come in pairs, with each pair consisting of a base equation and a constraint equation. The base equation is the equation that normally applies. The constraint equation replaces it if the constraint is active. Normally, only one of these two equations can be satisfied. The slack variable provides a way to ensure that both are satisfied, regardless of which is active. If the constraint is inactive, the slack variable is added to the constraint equation and accounts for the slack, which by definition is the amount by which the inactive equation is not satisfied. On the other hand, if the constraint is active, the slack variable is instead added to the base equation, and the constraint equation as originally written is satisfied. To obtain this behavior, we define a parameter w and add w times the slack variable to the base equation and (1 − w) times the slack variable to the constraint equation. Thus, if w = 1, the slack variable is added to the base equation, and the constraint is active. On the other hand, if w = 0, the slack variable is added to the constraint equation, and the base equation is active. The slack is always in the inactive equation. There is a w associated with each slack variable. Determining the parameter w is an iterative process. The efficiency of the process is improved by manipulating the network matrix such that we can create a Schur complement that has the slack variables as its unknowns and contains the only references to the w's To determine the slack variables, we need only to work with this matrix, which typically is much smaller than the network matrix. The resulting method is implemented within a general purpose reservoir simulator. Testing of the method in more than 700 cases has shown it to be much more robust than an earlier heuristic procedure.
Synthesis of silver nanoclusters on zeolite substrates (2009)

Silver nanoclusters were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with ethylene glycol at 160 °C in the presence of zeolite. A one-pot procedure has rendered uniform size distributions of quasispherical silver clusters of average sizes of 100–200 nm synthesized on the surfaces of cubiclike zeolite substrates of ∼1 μm side. Bulk material microanalysis measurements showed samples with silver mass percentages of 20%–38%. Surface atomic composition analysis found silver concentrations of 3.1%–5.7%, zeolite compounds and nontraces of nitrogen were measured. The binding energy for the Ag 3d5/2 core electrons was shifted to higher energies at 368.6 eV compared to that of metallic silver. Herein, is presented a cost-effective technique for producing a narrow size distribution of silver nanocomposites with great potential for optoelectronics, catalysis, and nanobiotechnological applications.
Chaotic pulse position modulation: a robust method of communicating with chaos (2000)

In this letter we investigate a communication strategy for digital ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio, where the separation between the adjacent pulses is chaotic arising from a dynamical system with irregular behavior. A pulse position method is used to modulate binary information onto the carrier. The receiver is synchronized to the chaotic pulse train, thus providing the time reference for information extraction. We characterize the performance of this scheme in terms of error probability versus E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> by numerically simulating its operation in the presence of noise and filtering.