gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive-Tone Nanopatterning of Chemical Vapor Deposited Polyacrylic Thin Films (2006)

Terpolymers of methyl alpha-chloroacrylate (MCA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and methacrylic anhydride (MAH) were synthesized by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) of MCA and MAA followed by low-temperature annealing that partially converts MAA into MAH. The MAA composition in the iCVD copolymer can be systematically varied between 37 and 85 mol % by adjusting the gas feed fractions of monomers. Study of the monomer reactivity ratios and the copolymer molecular weights supports the hypothesis of a surface propagation mechanism during the iCVD copolymerization. The carboxylic dehydration reaction at the annealing temperature of 160 degrees C is dominated by a mechanism of intramolecular cyclization, resulting in intramolecular MAH anhydride formation while preventing crosslink formation. The incorporation of highly electron-withdrawing anhydride functionality enhances chain scission susceptibility under electron-beam irradiation. P(MCA-MAA-MAH) terpolymer thin films can be completely developed at dosages as low as 20 microC/cm2 at 50 kV. High-quality positive-tone patterns were created with 60 nm feature size achieved in the vapor deposited films.
Oil biosynthesis in microsomal membrane preparations from <i>Mortierella alpina</i> (2000)

Microsomal membrane preparations from Mortierella alpina catalysed the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and [(14)C]oleoyl-CoA to radioactive phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. Experiments with lysophosphatidic acid and [(14)C]oleoyl-CoA gave a similar pattern of radioactivity in the complex lipids. The specific activity of lysophosphatidate acyltransferase was almost eight times greater than sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, indicating that the first acylation step was limiting in oil assembly in the microsomal membranes. Little conversion of radioactive oleate into phosphatidylcholine occurred, suggesting that triacylglycerol assembly and its relationship to phosphatidylcholine metabolism differed to that found in oilseeds.
Numerical Modelling of Two-Phase Flow with Moving Boundary Fitted Meshes (2018)

In this thesis, a computational approach is used to study two-phase flow including phase change by direct numerical simulation. This approach follows the interface with an adaptive moving mesh. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved, in two-dimensional and axisymmetric geometries, using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The computational domain is discretized using an unstructured triangular mesh and the mini element is used to satisfy the "inf-sup" compatibility condition. A combination of smoothing mesh velocities and remeshing is used to preserve the mesh quality. Adaptive mesh refinement is used to keep the mesh sufficiently refined where needed. Mesh adaptation strategies, allowing to control the refinement of the computational mesh, are discussed in the context of specific applications. The accurate representation of the interface between the phases is a key issue to model surface tension dominated flows. Here, the interface is represented explicitly by nodes and segments that are a subset of the computational mesh and a sharp transition of the fluid properties can be achieved. The surface tension force is included as a singular volume force, like in the continuum model (CSF). The present discretization is shown to allow for exact equilibrium (up to rounding errors) between the pressure and surface tension terms. This is important in order to suppress spurious currents, which are a common issue in computational two-phase flow. However, an exact computation of the interface curvature is necessary for the spurious currents to be numerically zero. The curvature of the interface, is efficiently and accurately computed by using the Frenet-Serret formulas. A phase change model is implemented via a source term in the continuity equation, which is computed from the jump in conductive heat flux at the interface. The presented approach is shown to provide an accurate description of different two-phase flow phenomena, including phase change, and to handle cases with large material property ratios. Accuracy and robustness of the present method are demonstrated on several benchmark cases, where the results are compared to analytical or semi-analytical solutions and experimental data.
Band Gaps in Amorphous Photonic Lattices (2010)

We present, theoretically and experimentally, amorphous photonic lattices exhibiting band gap and negative effective mass, yet lacking Bragg diffraction. Here, bands comprise of Anderson states, but defect states residing in the gap are always more localized.
Implementation of tetrahedral-mesh geometry in Monte Carlo radiation transport code PHITS (2017)

A new function to treat tetrahedral-mesh geometry was implemented in the particle and heavy ion transport code systems. To accelerate the computational speed in the transport process, an original algorithm was introduced to initially prepare decomposition maps for the container box of the tetrahedral-mesh geometry. The computational performance was tested by conducting radiation transport simulations of 100 MeV protons and 1 MeV photons in a water phantom represented by tetrahedral mesh. The simulation was repeated with varying number of meshes and the required computational times were then compared with those of the conventional voxel representation. Our results show that the computational costs for each boundary crossing of the region mesh are essentially equivalent for both representations. This study suggests that the tetrahedral-mesh representation offers not only a flexible description of the transport geometry but also improvement of computational efficiency for the radiation transport. Due to the adaptability of tetrahedrons in both size and shape, dosimetrically equivalent objects can be represented by tetrahedrons with a much fewer number of meshes as compared its voxelized representation. Our study additionally included dosimetric calculations using a computational human phantom. A significant acceleration of the computational speed, about 4 times, was confirmed by the adoption of a tetrahedral mesh over the traditional voxel mesh geometry.
NEMO-based mobility management in LISP network (2014)

Extending the basic Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP), LISP-MN has been proposed to support mobility. However, LISP-MN only supports host-based mobility, and has some limitations in network mobility scenario. With the number of mobile nodes (MNs) as a group roaming among different network domains becoming larger, the signaling overhead in the system linearly increases. In this paper, we propose a NEtwork MObility supported scheme in LISP network (NEMO-LISP). In NEMO-LISP, a Mobile Router (MR) is introduced instead of a group of MNs to implement the registration and handover processes. Numerical performance analysis results show that NEMO-LISP can significantly reduce signaling overhead in the system than the existing LISP mobility scheme.
Two-stage fully-differential inverter-based self-biased CMOS amplifier with high efficiency (2010)

This paper describes a novel two-stage fully-differential CMOS amplifier comprising two self-biased inverter stages, with optimum compensation and high efficiency. Although it relies on a class A topology, it is shown through simulations, that it achieves the highest efficiency of its class and comparable to the best class AB amplifiers. Due to the self-biasing, a low variability in the DC gain over process, temperature, and supply is achieved. A detailed circuit analysis, a design methodology for optimization and the most relevant simulation results are presented, together with a final comparison among state-of-the-art amplifiers.
Quasi-SOI MOSFETs using selective epitaxy and polishing (1992)

A Quasi-SOI MOSFET structure has been fabricated in which the drain-side channel is placed over oxide while the source-side channel is left connected to the substrate. This device has many of the advantages of SOI MOSFET without some of its problems. In particular, the drain breakdown voltage is found to improve over both the bulk and the complete-SOI counterparts. It is confirmed that the maximum lateral electric field is lower in the SOI channel than in same-size bulk device. The selective epitaxy and polishing technology combination used here makes it possible to fabricate all device types ranging from bulk to quasi-SOI to complete SOI on the same substrate, thus facilitating meaningful comparative studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The EHEC Type III Effector NleL Is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Modulates Pedestal Formation (2011)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes hemorrhagic colitis and may result in potentially fatal hemolytic uremia syndrome in humans. EHEC colonize the intestinal mucosa and promote the formation of actin-rich pedestals via translocated type III effectors. Two EHEC type III secreted effectors, Tir and EspFu/TccP, are key players for pedestal formation. We discovered that an EHEC effector protein called Non-LEE-encoded Ligase (NleL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In vitro, we showed that the NleL C753 residue is critical for its E3 ligase activity. Functionally, we demonstrated that NleL E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is involved in modulating Tir-mediated pedestal formation. Surprisingly, EHEC mutant strain deficient in the E3 ligase activity induced more pedestals than the wild-type strain. The canonical EPEC strain E2348/69 normally lacks the nleL gene, and the ectopic expression of the wild-type EHEC nleL, but not the catalytically-deficient nleL(C753A) mutant, in this strain resulted in fewer actin-rich pedestals. Furthermore, we showed that the C. rodentium NleL homolog is a E3 ubiquitin ligase and is required for efficient infection of murine colonic epithelial cells in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrated that EHEC utilizes NleL E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to modulate Tir-mediated pedestal formation.
Lithium ion batteries with titania/graphene anodes (2023)

Lithium ion batteries having an anode comprising at least one graphene layer in electrical communication with titania to form a nanocomposite material, a cathode comprising a lithium olivine structure, and an electrolyte. The graphene layer has a carbon to oxygen ratio of between 15 to 1 and 500 to 1 and a surface area of between 400 and 2630 m.sup.2/g. The nanocomposite material has a specific capacity at least twice that of a titania material without graphene material at a charge/discharge rate greater than about 10 C. The olivine structure of the cathode of the lithium ion battery of the present invention is LiMPO.sub.4 where M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni and combinations thereof.
Convolutional-neural-network-based feature extraction for liver segmentation from CT images (2019)

Over the last few years, major breakthroughs were achieved in the application of deep learning in many computer vision tasks, such as image classification and segmentation. The automatic liver segmentation from CT images has become an important area in clinical research, including radiotherapy, liver volume measurement, and liver transplant surgery. This paper proposes a novel convolutional neural network for liver segmentation (CNN-LivSeg) algorithm that involves three convolutional (each convolutional layer followed by max-pooling layer) and two fully connected layers with a final 2- way softmax is used for liver discrimination. The weight initialization is based on a random Gaussian, which performed a distance preserving-embedding of the data. To avoid using the fully 3D CNN network which is computationally expensive and time-consuming, 2D patches were extracted and processed for segmentation. Experiments were performed on MICCAI-SLiver07 as a benchmark dataset. The mean ratios of Dice similarity coefficient, Jaccard similarity index, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 0.9541, 0.9122, 0.9725, 0.9904, and 0.9652, respectively, thereby suggesting that the proposed method performed well on the test images.
Authorization Control for a Semantic Data Repository through an Inference Policy Engine (2013)

Semantic models help in achieving semantic interoperability among sources of data and applications. The necessity to efficiently manage these types of objects has increased the number of specialized repositories, usually referred to as semantic databases. An increasing number of project initiatives have been recorded that choose to formalize application knowledge using ontologies and semantic data representation. Due to the various sensitivities of data, suitable access control mechanisms pertaining to the semantic repository should be put in place to ensure that only authorized users can obtain access to the information in its entirety. In fact, deciding what can be made available to the user without revealing confidential information is made even more difficult because the user may be able to apply logic and reasoning to infer confidential information from the knowledge being provided. In this paper, we design an authorization security model enforced on a semantic model's entities (concepts) and also propagate on their individuals in the OWL database through an inference policy engine. We provide TBox access control for the construction of a TBox family and propagate this based on the construction of concept taxonomies. We also provide ABox label-based access control for facts in the domain knowledge and report experiments to evaluate the effects of access control on reasoning and modularization.
Human progesterone receptor A form is a cell- and promoter-specific repressor of human progesterone receptor B function. (1993)

Two distinct isoforms of the human progesterone receptor (hPR-A and hPR-B) have been identified previously. They differ only in that hPR-B contains an additional 164 amino acids at the amino terminus. Among various species these two forms arise as a result of either alternate initiation of translation from the same mRNA or by transcription from alternate promoters within the same gene. In order to understand the reason for their existence, we studied the transcriptional capacity of these individual receptors and observed that their activity was influenced strongly by cell and promoter context. More surprising was the observation that in promoter and cell contexts where hPR-A was inactive, it acted as a potent trans-dominant repressor of hPR-B-mediated transcription. This event occurred at substoichiometric concentrations of hPR-A and was hormone dependent. Human PR-A was not a general repressor of ligand-mediated transcription, as it had no effect on vitamin D receptor function. Interestingly, hPR-A but not hPR-B was capable of a similar inhibition of glucocorticoid, androgen, and mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated gene transcription. This suggests a specific role for the hPR-A isoform in this regulatory process. The trans-dominant effects of hPR-A were induced also by the antiprogestins ZK112993 and ZK98299 and a DNA binding defective hPR-A mutant, suggesting that the inhibitory function of hPR-A does not require DNA binding. The dual role of hPR-A as an activator or repressor of transcription defines a potential mechanism by which cells can generate dissimilar responses to a single hormone and provides a molecular explanation for the existence of two distinct forms of the hPR.
Color measurement of plastics - From compounding via pelletizing, up to injection molding and extrusion (2014)

The typical offline color measurement on injection molded or pressed specimens is a very expensive and time-consuming process. In order to optimize the productivity and quality, it is desirable to measure the color already during the production. Therefore several systems have been developed to monitor the color e.g. on melts, strands, pellets, the extrudate or injection molded part already during the process. Different kinds of inline, online and atline methods with their respective advantages and disadvantages will be compared. The criteria are e.g. the testing time, which ranges from real-time to some minutes, the required calibration procedure, the spectral resolution and the final measuring precision. The latter ranges between 0.05 to 0.5 in the CIE L*a*b* system depending on the particular measurement system. Due to the high temperatures in typical plastics processes thermochromism of polymers and dyes has to be taken into account. This effect can influence the color value in the magnitude of some 10% and is barely understood so far. Different suitable methods to compensate thermochromic effects during compounding or injection molding by using calibration curves or artificial neural networks are presented. Furthermore it is even possible to control the color during extrusion and compounding almost in real-time. The goal is a specific developed software for adjusting the color recipe automatically with the final objective of a closed-loop control.
Numerical simulation of the galvanizing process during GA to GI transition (2006)

Abstract This paper presents the application of a three‐dimensional finite element solution algorithm for the prediction of the velocity, temperature and species concentration fields in an industrial continuous galvanizing bath. Simulations were carried out using a parallel CFD software developed at IMI‐NRC. The turbulent flow, heat and mass transfer has been solved using a high Reynolds number k –ε model. Simulations were carried out for the case when the density of the molten metal depends only on the temperature and also for the case when both temperature and Al concentration affect the density. When considering the buoyancy effect of the Al concentration, differences are especially apparent during the melting of ingots with high Al content. Otherwise, thermal effects are dominant. The continuous monitoring of the temperature and the Al and Fe content in an industrial bath was used to validate the flow, temperature and compositional variations. A period of three hours, corresponding to three different ingot additions, was simulated successfully, resulting in a good agreement of the temperature and compositional variations. Copyright © 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence-Based Plastic Surgery (2009)

Sir: Universally around the country, hospitals are instituting mandatory pauses just before the start of surgery to announce the planned surgery location and side. There are various names for this, such as “time out” and “pause for the cause.” With our strong emphasis on safety in plastic surgery, this should be strongly considered in every one of our office-based operating rooms. With several years of experience using this safety measure, we are pleased with yet another step forward with the idea, and that is an hourly pause. All that is necessary is a 1-hour, spring-loaded timer purchased for less than $20. Our routine is called the “hourly announcement.” On the wall are seven quick checks that the circulating nurse, surgeon, and anesthetist all contribute to, as follows: Check leg position and compression device function under drapes. Consider arm or other repositioning. Has TOPS been entered? Comment on vital signs and blood pressure by the nurse anesthetist. Comment by the surgeon on how the case is going and timing. Does anything else need to be pulled for the next part of the case? It is not uncommon for a plastic surgery procedure to extend longer than average hospital cases. It is extremely valuable to reevaluate safety measures on a timely basis. There is no reason why arms need to be extended to a full 90 degrees for an entire long case, as they can easily be rotated down. A leg, especially when covered by a slick compression device, can easily slip off the edge of the table undetected. A comment by the nurse anesthetist may remind the surgeon that this is a good time to have the blood pressure up slightly to check for hemostasis. Everyone on our team appreciates the safety value of these measures. We have found the time required of 30 seconds or less each hour to be insignificant. Thomas J. Hubbard, M.D. Hubbard Plastic Surgery 396 South Witchduck Road, Suite 100 Virginia Beach, Va. 23462 [email protected]
High-precision analogue peak detector for X-ray imaging applications (2007)

A new analogue high-precision peak detector is presented. Owing to its very low power consumption the circuit is particularly well suited for photon energy detection in multichannel receiver integrated circuits used in nuclear medicine.
F141 Local self-diffusion measurement of water molecular in polymer electrolyte membrane using a planar surface coil (2005)

The local NMR sensor consisting of the planar surface coil of 0.8mm and 2.0mm outside diameter and a permanent magnet was developed to measure local self-diffusion coefficient of water molecular in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cell. Using the pulse-field-gradient spin echo method as a pulse sequence in the NMR system, the relationship between self-diffusion coefficient of water molecular in the PEM at 55, 65 and 75℃ and vapor concentration in the N_2 carrier gas was obtained. The accuracy of self-diffusion coefficient of water molecular in the PEM with three different water contents measured by the planar surface coils was evaluated by the comparison with that measured by the conventional solenoid coil.
Electric Properties of XLPE Model Cables under AC and DC Field at Various Temperatures (2011)

Two types of model cables having different cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) materials are investigated in this paper. One material is a standard XLPE homopolymer; the other is high productivity XLPE compound. Electric properties of these cables were studied and compared under AC and DC field, respectively. In particular, AC voltage endurance was evaluated by means of an experimental system developed for ageing and life tests in dry condition. Additional information on the charge trapping phenomenology under DC field was obtained from the space charge measurements.
CARM1 Regulates Estrogen-Stimulated Breast Cancer Growth through Up-regulation of <i>E2F1</i> (2008)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) mediates breast cancer proliferation through transcriptional mechanisms involving the recruitment of specific coregulator complexes to the promoters of cell cycle genes. The coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase CARM1 is a positive regulator of ER alpha-mediated transcriptional activation. Here, we show that CARM1 is essential for estrogen-induced cell cycle progression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. CARM1 is specifically required for the estrogen-induced expression of the critical cell cycle transcriptional regulator E2F1 whereas estrogen stimulation of cyclin D1 is CARM1 independent. Upon estrogen stimulation, the E2F1 promoter is subject to CARM1-dependent dimethylation on histone H3 arginine 17 (H3R17me2) in a process that parallels the recruitment of ER alpha. Additionally, we find that the recruitment of CARM1 and subsequent histone arginine dimethylation are dependent on the presence of the oncogenic coactivator AIB1. Thus, CARM1 is a critical factor in the pathway of estrogen-stimulated breast cancer growth downstream of ER alpha and AIB1 and upstream of the cell cycle regulatory transcription factor E2F1. These studies identify CARM1 as a potential new target in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.