gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Field-Induced Droplet Ionization:  Time-Resolved Studies of Distortion, Jetting, and Progeny Formation from Charged and Neutral Methanol Droplets Exposed to Strong Electric Fields (2005)

We recently reported that strong electric fields may be employed to directly extract positive and negative ions for mass analysis, including intact proteins, from neutral droplets. The present study investigates the dynamics of this process using switched high electric fields to enable time-resolved studies of droplet distortion, Taylor cone formation, and charged progeny droplet extraction from neutral and charged 225 microm methanol droplets. After a specific time in the field, a flashlamp is triggered to record droplet distortions using shadow photography. At a critical field strength E(c)0 corresponding to the Taylor limit, neutral droplets exhibit a prolate elongation along the field axis forming symmetric cone-jets of positive and negatively charged progeny droplets, approximately 10 microm in diameter. This process is termed field-induced droplet ionization (FIDI). Because the time scale of FIDI is related to the frequency of shape oscillations that occur below the Taylor limit, models of field-dependent oscillation become an important predictor of the time scale for progeny jet formation. Droplets with a net charge q distort into asymmetric tear shapes and emit a single charged jet of progeny at a critical field E(c)(q) that is less than E(c)0. The measured decrease in droplet stream charge indicates that total charge loss can be greater than the original charge on the droplet, resulting in oppositely charged droplets. Interestingly, above E(c)0, charged droplets sequentially emit a jet of the same polarity as the net charge followed by a jet of reverse polarity emitted in the opposite direction. For both neutral and charged droplets, increasing the electric field decreases the time to form jets and the combination of net charge and higher-than-critical fields has a compound effect in accelerating progeny formation. The implications of our results for using switched fields in FIDI-mass spectrometry for on-demand ion sampling from neutral and charged droplets are discussed.
Orchestrating composite Web services under data flow constraints (2005)

A composite service is typically specified using a language such as BPEL4WS and orchestrated by a single coordinator node in a centralized manner. The coordinator receives the client request, makes the required data transformations and invokes the component Web services as per the specification. However, in certain scenarios businesses might want to impose restrictions on access to the data they provide or the source from which they can accept data. Centralized orchestration can lead to violation of these data flow constraints as the central coordinator has access to the input and output data of all the component Web services. In many cases existing methods of data encryption and authentication are not sufficient to handle such constraints. These data flow constraints, thus, present obstacles for composite Web service orchestration. In this paper we propose a solution for orchestrating composite Web services under data flow constraints. The solution is based on decentralized orchestration, in which a composite Web service is broken into a set of partitions, one partition per component Web service. To overcome data flow constraints, each partition is executed within the same domain as the corresponding component Web service and hence, has the same access rights. However, there are, in general, many ways to decentralize a composite Web service. We apply a rule based filtering mechanism to choose a set of partitions that does not violate the specified dataflow constraints.
Analysis of human T cell clones specific for conserved peptide sequences within malaria proteins. Paucity of clones responsive to intact parasites. (1994)

T cells are thought to be of central importance in malaria immunity. Peptides copying malaria protein sequences often stimulate human CD4+ T cells and it was thought that they represented T cell epitopes present in the parasite and may thus have particular relevance to malaria vaccine development. To verify whether synthetic peptides representing highly conserved regions of parasite Ags may contribute to a malaria vaccine, we searched the data bank for conserved regions of Plasmodium falciparum malaria proteins that were not homologous to known self (human) proteins. We synthesized 24 such peptides representing 11 of the cloned and sequenced malaria asexual stage Ags, which were predicted by algorithms to represent T cell epitopes, and 6 peptides not predicted to be T cell epitopes and used these to generate T cell clones from individuals with an extensive previous history of malaria exposure. The T cell clones responded vigorously to many peptides but only a single clone, specific for a peptide within merozoite surface protein-1, 20-39, VTHESYQELVKKLEALEDAV, and not previously defined to be a T cell epitope responded to malaria parasites by proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma. This epitope was not revealed by studying parasite-induced T cell lines and is thus subdominant. The clone was able to significantly inhibit parasite growth in vitro. The final step in the inhibition of parasite growth appears to be nonspecific because other activated clones (not specific for malaria sequences) can inhibit parasite growth. Our data suggest that few conserved peptides within malaria parasites can be processed from the intact parasite. However, such peptides that can be processed from malaria parasites may be expected to stimulate parasite-specific T cells that could inhibit parasite growth and as such may be lead candidates for a vaccine aimed at inducing cellular immunity to malaria.
Humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses in humans to the NSP4 enterotoxin of rotavirus (1999)

Rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 has recently been suggested to function as a viral enterotoxin and play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism whereby rotaviruses induce diarrhea. The ability of rotavirus NSP4 to stimulate a humoral immune response was examined in naturally infected children and adults, rotavirus vaccinated children, as well as a cellular immune response in adults. In this study, 10 of 10 naturally infected children and 9 of 10 rotavirus-vaccinated children showed a weak humoral IgG immune response to recombinant NSP4 (rNSP4) and/or a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 114–134 of NSP4. Modest serum IgG antibody responses were detected in 20 of 20 adults. A cellular immune response to rNSP4 and/or NSP4114–134 were detected in 8 of 10 adults measured either as a T-cell proliferative response (7 of 10), an increased production of IL-2 (6 of 10), or increased production of interferon-γ (8 of 10). These results indicate that NSP4 induces a humoral immune response in humans and show for the first time that NSP4 stimulates a cellular immune response, possibly including cytolytic T-cells. J. Med. Virol. 59:369–377, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE ROCKY FLATS ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY SITE PIPE OVERPACK CONTAINER FOR TRU WASTE STORAGE AND SHIPMENTS (1999)

The Pipe Overpack Container was designed to optimize shipments of high plutonium content transuranic waste from Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). In February 1997 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved the container for use in the TRUPACT-II shipping container; storage of WIPP ready transuranic pyrochemical salt waste in the Pipe Overpack Container began in January 1998. Other WIPP ready wastes were stored in the Pipe Overpack Container starting in April 1998. The container optimizes shipments to WIPP by increasing the TRUPACT-II criticality limit from 325 fissile grams equivalent (FGE) to 2800 FGE and provides additional shielding for handling wastes with high americium-241 (Am 241 ) content. The container was subsequently evaluated and approved for storage of highly dispersible TRU wastes and residues at RFETS. Additional evaluations of the container show that the container will mitigate the impact of worst case events from RFETS plutonium bearing residues. These materials contain hazards postulated by the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board for interim storage. Packaging these residues in the container without stabilizing the materials is in the approval process at RFETS and the Department of Energy. The design, testing, and evaluations used in the approvals, and the current status of the container usage, will be discussed.
Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from targeted thorium conjugate formulations. Part I: purification of decayed thorium-227 on cation exchange columns (2016)

Targeted thorium conjugates (TTCs) are being explored as a potential future platform for specific tumor targeting pharmaceuticals. In TTCs, the alpha emitting radionuclide thorium-227 (<sup>227</sup>Th) with a half-life of 18.697 d is labeled to targeting moieties, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The amount of daughter nuclide radium-223 (<sup>223</sup>Ra, t<sub>1/2 </sub>=<sub> </sub>11.435 d) will increase during manufacture and distribution, and so a technology for purification is required to assure an acceptable level of <sup>223</sup>Ra is administrated to the patient. Since <sup>223</sup>Ra is the only progeny of <sup>227</sup>Th with a long half-life (days), the progenies of <sup>223</sup>Ra will have a very limited stay in the formulation once <sup>223</sup>Ra is removed. The focus in this study has, therefore, been on the removal of <sup>223</sup>Ra. In this study, the sorption and separation of <sup>223</sup>Ra (radium(II)) and <sup>227</sup>Th (thorium(IV)) on cation exchange columns has been evaluated as a purification method of decayed <sup>227</sup>Th (i.e. prior to radiolabelling of a mAb and formation of TTC). The goal is to minimize the sorption of <sup>227</sup>Th and maximize the sorption of <sup>223</sup>Ra. Statistical experimental design with formulation and process parameters, including buffered formulations comprising citrate and acetate, at various concentrations and pH, presence of free radical scavenger and chelator, and resin amount have been evaluated for impact on the purification process. The studies have been interpreted by the aid of multivariate data analysis. The correlations between design of experimental variables and sorption are summarized by regression models. The predictive accuracy of radionuclide sorption was given by standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals originating from statistical cross validation. Experimental results and statistical models for citrate-buffered formulations verified reproducible and acceptable sorption levels of <sup>223</sup>Ra and <sup>227</sup>Th under selected conditions. For acetate-buffered formulations, prediction of <sup>227</sup>Th sorption was influenced by complex variable relationships and hence a risk of obtaining irreproducibility. Fine-tuned variable levels showed, however, variable combinations predicting high sorption of <sup>223</sup>Ra (>90%) and low sorption of <sup>227</sup>Th (<3%) also for the acetate-buffered formulations. The optimal separation conditions should be decided based on tuning the variables levels for <sup>223</sup>Ra in the citrate-buffered formulations, while for acetate, the optimal separation should be based on tuning variable levels for <sup>227</sup>Th sorption. The ionic strength of the formulation also seemed to affect the radionuclide sorption. Labeling of an antibody-chelator conjugate with purified <sup>227</sup>Th (i.e. preparation of TTC) was successful in the selected citrate-buffered formulations tested.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanoscale Heating Sources ("Nanoheaters") for Nanomanufacturing (2008)

Nanoheater systems based on the exothermic reaction between aluminum and nickel were developed. Multilayered and powder-based heterostructures were fabricated and characterized, before and after ignition experiments, for their geometries and structures as well for the ignition and exothermic transformation kinetics. A novel ultrasonic powder consolidation (UPC) technique1 was employed to produce ignitable Al/Ni compacts from elemental powders. Oxide free, fully dense Al matrix and intimate Al/Ni interfaces were obtained. Consolidates were successfully ignited and the reaction self-propagated throughout the compact resulting in the formation of NiAl phase. The ignition characteristics of multilayered structures and sequential thermal generation and conduction were investigated by IR thermal camera measurements.
Malware Detection on General-Purpose Computers Using Power Consumption Monitoring: A Proof of Concept and Case Study (2017)

Malware detection is challenging when faced with automatically generated and polymorphic malware, as well as with rootkits, which are exceptionally hard to detect. In an attempt to contribute towards addressing these challenges, we conducted a proof of concept study that explored the use of power consumption for detection of malware presence in a general-purpose computer. The results of our experiments indicate that malware indeed leaves a signal on the power consumption of a general-purpose computer. Specifically, for the case study based on two different rootkits, the data collected at the +12V rails on the motherboard showed the most noticeable increment of the power consumption after the computer was infected. Our future work includes experimenting with more malware examples and workloads, and developing data analytics approach for automatic malware detection based on power consumption.
Destructive-read random access memory system buffered with destructive-read memory cache for SoC applications (2004)

This paper describes a novel random access memory system. The system is based on a destructive-read memory buffered by a destructive-read memory cache for hidden write back. SRAM comparable random access cycle time (tRC) is achieved, as tRC of the architecture is limited only by the destructive-read time of the memory array. By using a DRAM array as cache, the silicon area is reduced by about 25% from SRAM-cache system. Write back algorithms have been proved by mathematical models, and confirmed by simulations.
THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION (UNEX) PROCESS. I. DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNEX PROCESS SOLVENT FOR THE SEPARATION OF CESIUM, STRONTIUM, AND THE ACTINIDES FROM ACIDIC RADIOACTIVE WASTE (2001)

A synergistic extraction mixture containing chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD), carbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been investigated for the simultaneous recovery of cesium, strontium, lanthanides, and actinides from highly acidic media. The extraction properties of this mixture depend on the concentration ratio of the components. For recovery of all major radionuclides, the optimal ratio of [CCD]:[PEG]: [CMPO] = 5:1:1 should be used. The use of diphenyl-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide and PEG-400 provides the most efficient recovery of cesium, strontium, lanthanides, and actinides. The possibility of using polyfluorinated ethers, esters, ketones, and sulfones as diluents was examined. Phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone was the most suitable diluent tested. The use of this diluent allows good extraction properties, chemical and radiation stability, excellent explosion/fire-safety properties, and favorable hydrodynamic characteristics. The extraction of radionuclides from HNO3 media by mixtures of CCD:PEG:CMPO in phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone and the subsequent stripping behavior were evaluated.
Production of Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus Serotypes 5, 8, and 336 Using Poly(DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Microspheres (2000)

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a major portion of the economic losses due to mastitis. Attempts to produce a vaccine to prevent S. aureus mastitis have been hampered by the low immunogenicity of the polysaccharide, which forms on the surface of the organism when it enters the mammary gland. The polysaccharide inhibits phagocytosis and destruction of the organism by neutrophils. This study was conducted to determine if S. aureus polysaccharide serotypes 5, 8, and 336 conjugated to a protein and incorporated in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres would enhance the production of opsonizing antibodies to the polysaccharide. Cows were immunized with either polysaccharide conjugates emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant or polysaccharide conjugates encapsulated in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. All cows produced sustained antibody titers to the three polysaccharide serotypes. Cows immunized with microspheres had higher antibody titers. Cows in both groups produced increased concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies; neither group produced an increase in IgM. Immune sera from cows immunized with conjugates alone increased phagocytosis, which decreased at the end of the study. Sera from cows immunized with conjugates in microspheres increased phagocytosis, which was sustained at the end of the study. Immune sera from both groups decreased bacterial adherence to bovine mammary epithelial cells. These data showed that a single injection of antigen in microspheres produced higher titers and more sustained enhancement of phagocytosis, which could aid in the defense of the cow against S. aureus infections.
Molecular imaging of endogenous mRNA expression in a mouse tumor model by adenovirus harboring <i>trans</i>‐splicing ribozyme (2007)

We previously showed that a trans-splicing ribozyme reprograms tumor-related genes at the mRNA level, resulting in the expression of therapeutic genes and that this approach can be efficiently employed to target specific molecules. Here, we show that trans-splicing ribozyme technology can be applied in molecular imaging of specific RNA expression in living animals. We exemplify this concept successfully by imaging mouse cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (mCKAP2) expression in intrahepatic tumor nodules using systemically delivered adenovirus harboring mCKAP2-specific trans-splicing ribozyme.
Training Deep Networks with Synthetic Data: Bridging the Reality Gap by\n Domain Randomization (2018)

We present a system for training deep neural networks for object detection\nusing synthetic images. To handle the variability in real-world data, the\nsystem relies upon the technique of domain randomization, in which the\nparameters of the simulator$-$such as lighting, pose, object textures,\netc.$-$are randomized in non-realistic ways to force the neural network to\nlearn the essential features of the object of interest. We explore the\nimportance of these parameters, showing that it is possible to produce a\nnetwork with compelling performance using only non-artistically-generated\nsynthetic data. With additional fine-tuning on real data, the network yields\nbetter performance than using real data alone. This result opens up the\npossibility of using inexpensive synthetic data for training neural networks\nwhile avoiding the need to collect large amounts of hand-annotated real-world\ndata or to generate high-fidelity synthetic worlds$-$both of which remain\nbottlenecks for many applications. The approach is evaluated on bounding box\ndetection of cars on the KITTI dataset.\n
Empirical formula determination with an inductively coupled plasma gas chromatographic detector (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEmpirical formula determination with an inductively coupled plasma gas chromatographic detectorDavid L. Windsor and M. Bonner. DentonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 8, 1116–1119Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50044a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50044a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precision genome editing in plants via gene targeting and subsequent break‐induced single‐strand annealing (2020)

Genome editing via artificial nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 has become popular in plants now. However, small insertions or deletions are major mutations and nucleotide substitutions rarely occur when DNA cleavage is induced. To induce nucleotide substitutions, a base editor utilizing dead or nickase-type Cas9 fused with deaminase have been developed. However, the direction and position of practical substitution are still limited. In this context, homologous recombination (HR)-mediated gene targeting (GT) has advantages because any mutations existing on the donor DNA are copied and passed onto the endogenous DNA. As HR-mediated GT is extremely rare in higher plants, positive-negative selection has been used to isolate cells in which GT has occurred. After successful selection, positive selection marker is no longer needed and should ideally be eliminated. In a previous study, we reported a seamless piggyBac-transposon-mediated marker elimination system. Precision marker elimination efficiency in this system is very high. The piggyBac transposon integrates into the host genome at TTAA elements and excises without leaving a footprint at the excised site, so a TTAA sequence is necessary at the location of a positive selection marker. To compensate for this limitation, we have developed a novel marker elimination system using an I-SceI break and subsequent single-strand annealing (SSA)-mediated DNA repair system.
Improving Analog Functional Safety Using Data-Driven Anomaly Detection (2018)

Safety is a critical objective for automotive developments. Functional Safety of automotive analog and mixed-signal circuits faces several challenges; on the other hand, analog behavior provides an opportunity for early anomaly alert, thus improving functional safety. In this paper we propose a machine learning based methodology using data-driven anomaly detection for analog automotive circuits. The contribution of this work is to provide a framework of mining the dynamic in-field time series data in the context of system operation to detect anomalous events from analog functional safety perspective, with minimal hardware overhead. We present a realistic example to illustrate and analyze the proposed method. It presents an approach for improving functional safety of analog circuits in automotive applications.