gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Assessment of Local Pulse Wave Velocity as Function of Arterial Pressure (2018)

Arterial pressure or flow wave propagation velocity (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) is inherently dependent on arterial elastic characteristics and distending pressure. Assessment of instantaneous variation in PWV over the cardiac cycle can be noninvasively performed using established biomechanical models by measuring arterial pressure and diameter from the same site. In this work, we explore and validate the viability of a bi-modal probe for local evaluation of PWV variation over the cardiac cycle as a function of arterial pressure. The proposed probe employs singleelement ultrasound transducer (for diameter measurement) and tonometric sensor (for pressure measurement) integrated into a custom probe holder. An application-specific measurement system and dedicated algorithms were used for simultaneous assessment of the desired physiological waveforms. The optimized transducer arrangement in the proposed probe allowed reliable capture of high-fidelity pressure and diameter waveforms from a single arterial site. Real-time assessment of variation in local PWV as a function of arterial pressure was validated on 10 human subjects (age = 31 ± 6 years) using the developed prototype system. Local PWV was found to increase during the systolic phase of each cardiac cycle, and exhibits a non-linear relationship with the arterial pressure. Results from the performed pilot study demonstrated that the proposed ultrasound-tonometer based onepoint method could reliably capture the incremental local PWV over continuous cardiac cycles. Simultaneous assessment of instantaneous variation in arterial pressure, diameter and local PWV using the proposed bi-modal probe has the potential to accurately characterize the elastic behavior of arteries.
Purification, Characterization, and Immunogenicity of a Disulfide Cross-Linked <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Vaccine Candidate Antigen, Merozoite Surface Protein 1, Expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

The Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) 42-kDa fragment (PvMSP-1 p42) is a promising vaccine candidate antigen against the blood stage of the malarial parasite. We have developed a process for the production of this vaccine target, keeping in mind its use in human volunteers. A novel strain, Origami(DE3), of Escherichia coli with mutations in the glutathione and thioredoxin reductase genes yielded 60% more soluble PvMSP-1 p42 than the conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) strain. Recombinant PvMSP-1 p42 was purified to > or = 99% purity with a rapid two-step protocol designed for easy scaling up. The final product had a low endotoxin content and was stable in its lyophilized form. PvMSP-1 p42 was found to have the predicted primary and tertiary structures and consisted of a single conformer containing one free cysteine, as predicted. The product was recognized by conformational monoclonal antibodies against P. vivax MSP-1. Immunogenicity studies of PvMSP-1 p42 were carried out with two strains of mice and the adjuvants Montanide ISA51 and Montanide ISA720. Both formulations were found to induce high levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2b, and IgG2a antibodies along with low levels of IgG3. Lymphocytes from animals in all the PvMSP-1 p42-immunized groups showed proliferative responses upon stimulation with PvMSP-1 p42; the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected in the culture supernatants. These results indicate that PvMSP-1 p42 in combination with both of the adjuvants elicited cellular and humoral responses in mice.
Optimized holographic optical elements (1986)

This paper presents a method for designing optimal holographic optical elements. The method is based on the minimization of the mean-squared difference between the desired and the actual output waves. The minimization yields an integral equation for the grating function of the designed optical element. The integral equation is converted into a set of linear equations that can be easily solved. The resulting coefficients form the final solution as a sum of polynomials. This procedure yields a well-behaved grating function that defines a holographic optical element that can be realized with the help of computer-generated holograms. The method is illustrated with a design of an imaging lens. The performance of this lens is then compared, both theoretically and experimentally, with that of a spherical holographic lens. The results show that the newly designed lens is clearly superior to the spherical lens.
Inside Cover: Benzoxazolone Carboxamides: Potent and Systemically Active Inhibitors of Intracellular Acid Ceramidase (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2/2015) (2014)

The discovery of the first potent systemically active inhibitors of acid ceramidase (AC) are reported in the Communication by D. Piomelli and co-workers on page 485 ff. This enzyme controls the levels of two key intracellular messengers: ceramide, which causes cell senescence and death, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has the opposite effect. By blocking AC, the new inhibitors tilt the balance between ceramide and S1P, thereby enhancing the pro-aging and pro-death effects of the former compound.
Deriving sea-ice thickness and ice types in the Sea of Okhotsk using dual-frequency airborne SAR (Pi-SAR) data (2002)

Abstract Dual-frequency, multi-polarization airborne synthetic aperture radar (Pi-SAR; developed by the Communications Research Laboratory and National Space Development Agency of Japan) observations of the seasonal sea-ice region off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido, Japan, were carried out in February 1999 using X- and L-band radar frequencies with a resolution of 1.5 and 3.0 m. In conjunction with the SAR observations, the sea-ice thickness (draft) and velocity were measured by a moored Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS) and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Tracks of the sea ice passing over the IPS were estimated from the time series of the ADCP ice-velocity and -direction data. Along these tracks, the SAR backscattering coefficient profiles were compared with the IPS ice-draft profiles. The results showed that the L-band SAR backs cattering profiles correlated well with the IPS ice-draft data, particularly in the thicker part (a few meters thick) of the rim of first-year ice, which had a large backscattering coefficient. Although the X-band SAR backscattering profiles did not correlate well with the IPS data, thin ice (<10 cm thick) showed a large backscattering coefficient. The L-band SAR and IPS data did not distinguish thin ice from open water.
Solar powered fiber laser for energy conversion applications (2020)

We demonstrate a solar-powered laser (SPL) that does not rely on any concentrator optics or solar tracking system. We believe that the utility of such “unconcentrated” SPLs has considerably increased for energy conversion applications. The proposed SPL consists of a Nd 3+- doped fiber as an active medium, a liquid sensitizer, and a housing in which the transmittance of the front window is tailored to work as a luminescent solar collector. The very simple structure of the proposed SPL can be mass-produced easily at a low cost. The lasing threshold is 0.07 W/cm 2 (70% of natural sunlight) which is four orders of magnitude smaller than those of conventional SPLs, and the output power at the pumping intensity of 0.1 W/cm 2 is 0.25 mW. The SPL exhibits several lasing peaks between 1095 and 1105 nm.
Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (2019)

There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug's mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.
Bovine CAPN1 maps to a region of BTA29 containing a quantitative trait locus for meat tenderness. (2000)

Micromolar calcium activated neural protease (CAPN1) was investigated as a potential candidate gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on BTA29 affecting meat tenderness. A 2,948-bp bovine cDNA containing the entire coding region of the gene was obtained, showing 91% identity to human CAPN1. The 716 AA protein predicted from this sequence shows 97% similarity (95% identity) to the 714 AA human protein. Analysis of the gene structure revealed that CAPN1 mRNA is encoded by at least 19 exons, and 11,055 bp of the gene were sequenced, including 17 introns. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected in intron 12 and were used to map bovine CAPN1 to the telomeric end of the BTA29 linkage group. This approximately coincides with the position of the QTL, demonstrating that CAPN1 protease is a positional candidate gene potentially affecting variation in meat tenderness in a bovine resource mapping population.
3‐[3‐Fluoro‐5‐(5‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)phenyl] ‐4‐methylpyridine: A Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 (mGlu5) Receptor Antagonist. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography (2019)

The CCTA-based radiomic profiling of coronary artery PVAT detects perivascular structural remodelling associated with coronary artery disease, beyond inflammation. A new artificial intelligence (AI)-powered imaging biomarker (FRP) leads to a striking improvement of cardiac risk prediction over and above the current state-of-the-art.
Generalized beamforming for MIMO systems with limited transmitter information (2004)

In this work, we investigate the outage performance of beamforming schemes in wireless systems equipped with multiple transmit and receive antennas. In particular, we analyze the outage performance of unit rank beamforming in the presence of finite rate channel feedback at the transmitter. Further, we present finite size beamformer codebook constructions which result in near-optimal outage performance for unit rank beamforming. The constructions obtained for the unit rank beamforming scheme are then extended to higher rank beamforming schemes with quantized channel information. We show that significant performance improvements as well as reduction in decoding complexity can result from a small number of feedback bits.
Histamine: A Novel Approach to Cancer Immunotherapy (2000)

The functions of intratumoral lymphocytes in many human malignant tumors are inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by adjacent monocytes/macrophages (MO). In vitro data suggest that immunotherapeutic cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) only weakly activate T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in a reconstituted environment of oxidative stress and that inhibitors of the formation of ROS or scavengers of ROS synergize with IL-2 and IFN-alpha to activate T cells and NK cells. In this review, we focus on the immunoenhancing properties of histamine, a biogenic amine. Histamine inhibits ROS formation in MO via H2-receptors; thereby, histamine protects NK cells from MO-mediated inhibition and synergizes with IL-2 and IFN-alpha to induce killing of NK cell-sensitive human tumor cells in vitro. Histamine also optimizes cytokine-induced activation of several subsets of T cells by affording protection against MO-inflicted oxidative inhibition. The putative clinical benefit of histamine as an adjunct to immunotherapy with IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha is currently evaluated in clinical trials in metastatic malignant melanoma and acute myelogenous leukemia.
Genetics Basis of Resistance in Maize to Five Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus Strains (1991)

Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) is a widespread viral disease of maize ( Zea mays L.) in the southern U.S. Corn Belt. An understanding of the genetics for resistance to maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) will provide a rational basis for effective selection. Our objective wast o determine the genetic basis of resistance in inbred Pa405 to Strains A, B, D, E, and F of MDMV by examining the association between host symptomr esponses, and chromosomal translocation and morphologicaol r molecularm arkers. Twenty‐six translocation markers and the morphological marker yl were incorporated into inbred MI4. Linkage relationships with molecular markersw ere determinedb y restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using molecular markers UMC85, BNL6.29, UMC59a,n d UMC21T. he three approachesa ll indicated a gene or genes on either the short arm or the proximal region of the long arm( proximal to YI) of Chromosom6e i n inbred Pa405 controlling resistance to all five strains of MDMV.
The collector-coupled static RAM cell (1979)

The collector-coupled static RAM cell uses a schottky collector transistor switch with merged vertical n-p-n load. The cell is constructed with two dual Schottky collector transistors and one merged dual collector n-p-n transistor. It has been fabricated in an infant oxide isolated bipolar technology and bistability has been demonstrated over four orders of magnitude in cell current (10 nA<I/SUB CELL/<100 /spl mu/A). The approach taken here of stacking active load and switch elements provides static bit densities comparable to MOS memory and superior to other known bipolar approaches.
Sol−Gel Open Tubular ODS Columns with Reversed Electroosmotic Flow for Capillary Electrochromatography (2001)

Sol-gel chemistry was successfully used for the fabrication of open tubular columns with surface-bonded octadecylsilane (ODS) stationary-phase coating for capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). Following column preparations, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the performance of the sol-gel coated ODS columns in OT-CEC. The incorporation of N-octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride as one of the sol-gel precursors played an important role in the electrochromatographic performance of the prepared columns. This chemical reagent possesses a chromatographically favorable, bonded ODS moiety, in conjunction with three methoxy groups allowing for sol-gel reactivity. In addition, a positively charged nitrogen atom is present in the molecular structure of this reagent and provides a positively charged capillary surface responsible for the reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the columns during CEC operation. Comparative studies involving the EOF within such sol-gel ODS coated and uncoated capillaries were performed using acetonitrile and methanol as the organic modifiers in the mobile phase. The use of a deactivating reagent, phenyldimethylsilane, in the sol-gel solution was evaluated. Efficiency values of over 400,000 theoretical plates per meter were achieved in CEC on a 64 cm x 25 microm i.d. sol-gel ODS open tubular column. Test mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, and aromatic aldehydes and ketones were used to evaluate the CEC performances of both nondeactivated and deactivated open tubular sol-gel columns. The effects of mobile-phase organic modifier contents and pH on EOF in such columns were evaluated. The prepared sol-gel ODS columns are characterized by switchable electroosmotic flow. A pH value of approximately 8.5 was found correspond to the isoelectric point for the prepared sol-gel ODS coatings.
Easily Accessible and Highly Tunable Indolyl Phosphine Ligands for Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides (2007)

This study describes a new class of easily accessible indolyl phosphine ligands, prepared via an efficient protocol involving Fischer indolization from readily available phenylhydrazine and substituted acetophenones. This versatile ligand scaffold provides beneficial features, including high potential of steric and electronic tunability. The air-stable indolyl phosphines in combination with a palladium metal precursor provide highly effective catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of unactivated aryl chlorides, and the catalyst loading down to 0.02 mol % can be achieved.
Cushing's syndrome results from lengthy and inappropriate exposure to excessive glucocorticoids. Untreated, it has signifi cant morbidity and mortality. The syndrome remains a challenge to diagnose and manage. Here, we review the current understanding of pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic, and diff erential diagnostic approaches. We provide diagnostic algorithms and recommendations for management. (2006)

Cushing's syndrome results from lengthy and inappropriate exposure to excessive concentrations of circulating free glucocorticoids. When presentation is fl orid, diagnosis is usually straightforward. However, this diagnosis is increasingly being considered when the phenotype is subtle, and in common disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Only once the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is established can the underlying cause be searched for. This investigation is frequently a complex process needing all the skill of doctors, endocrinologists, chemical pathologists, radiologists, and surgeons. 1-3 We review advances in the understanding of the biology of Cushing's syndrome and discuss its diagnosis, diff erential diagnosis, and management. We focus on recent developments and highlight areas of controversy. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is use of supraphysiological amounts of exogenous glucocorticoids, including topical or inhaled corticosteroids (iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome). Thus, adequate knowledge of an individual's medication history is essential for diagnosis. Rarely, patients might present with factitious Cushing's syndrome, with covert use of glucocorticoids, which can be a substantial diagnostic challenge, especially if hydrocortisone is being taken, since use of this substance will cause raised concentrations of circulating cortisol. Here, we will focus on endogenous Cushing's syndrome. Epidemiology and prognosis
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of<i>N</i>-((1-(4-(Sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)cycloalkyl)methyl)benzamide Inhibitors of Glycine Transporter-1 (2016)

We previously disclosed the discovery of rationally designed N-((1-(4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)cycloalkyl)methyl)benzamide inhibitors of glycine transporter-1 (GlyT-1), represented by analogues 10 and 11. We describe herein further structure-activity relationship exploration of this series via an optimization strategy that primarily focused on the sulfonamide and benzamide appendages of the scaffold. These efforts led to the identification of advanced leads possessing a desirable balance of excellent in vitro GlyT-1 potency and selectivity, favorable ADME and in vitro pharmacological profiles, and suitable pharmacokinetic and safety characteristics. Representative analogue (+)-67 exhibited robust in vivo activity in the cerebral spinal fluid glycine biomarker model in both rodents and nonhuman primates. Furthermore, rodent microdialysis experiments also demonstrated that oral administration of (+)-67 significantly elevated extracellular glycine levels within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).
Encapsulated inorganic resist technology applied to 157-nm lithography (2001)

In order to increase plasma etch selectivity in traditional single layer organic resists SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles have been added to typical 248nm resist formulations. Formulation modifications are necessary due to the dissolution acceleration effect of the particles. Surface functionalization of the nanoparticle surfaces with organic groups lessens this effect and allows the inclusion of acid labile groups. This allows for a wider formulation window and limits unexposed film thickness losses (UFTL). Both t- butyl ester groups and poly(t-butyl acrylate) have been used to achieve this effect. Encapsulated inorganic resist technology (EIRT) can be used as a single layer hard mask compatible with existing resist processing steps and replace complex and costly multilevel resist approaches. Lithogrpahic evaluations have been performed with electron beam, and with 248nm and 157nm projection systems. Greater transparency at 157nm is achieved by the addition of these materials, thus enabling the use of thicker films. High resolution imaging is demonstrated at these wavelengths.
Efficient interpolation and factorization in algebraic soft-decision decoding of reed-solonion codes (2003)

The main computational steps in alge- braic soft-decoding of Reed-Solomon codes are bivari- ate interpolation and factorization. We discuss a new computational technique, based upon re-encoding and coordinate transformation, that significantly reduces the complexity of interpolation and factorization. The re-encoding procedure and the coordinate transfor- mation convert the original interpolation problem into another reduced interpolation problem, which is orders of magnitude smaller than the original one.
Feature extraction for a Slepian-Wolf biometric system using LDPC codes (2008)

We present an information-theoretically secure biometric storage system using graph-based error correcting codes in a Slepian-Wolf coding framework. Our architecture is motivated by the noisy nature of personal biometrics and the requirement to provide security without storing the true biometric at the device. The principal difficulty is that real biometric signals, such as fingerprints, do not obey the i.i.d. or ergodic statistics that are required for the underlying typicality properties in the Slepian-Wolf coding framework. To meet this challenge, we propose to transform the biometric data into binary feature vectors that are i.i.d. Bernoulli(0.5), independent across different users, and related within the same user through a BSC-p channel with small p< 0.5. Since this is a standard channel model for LDPC codes, the feature vectors are now suitable for LDPC syndrome coding. The syndromes serve as secure biometrics for access control. Experiments on a fingerprint database demonstrate that the system is information-theoretically secure, and achieves very low false accept rates and low false reject rates.