gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation Guided Image-to-Image Translation with Adversarial Networks (2019)

Recently image-to-image translation has received increasing attention, which aims to map images in one domain to another specific one. Existing methods mainly solve this task via a deep generative model, and focus on exploring the relationship between different domains. However, these methods neglect to utilize higher-level and instance-specific information to guide the training process, leading to a great deal of unrealistic generated images of low quality. Existing methods also lack of spatial controllability during translation. To address these challenge, we propose a novel Segmentation Guided Generative Adversarial Networks (SGGAN), which leverages semantic segmentation to further boost the generation performance and provide spatial mapping. In particular, a segmentor network is designed to impose semantic information on the generated images. Experimental results on multi-domain face image translation task empirically demonstrate our ability of the spatial modification and our superiority in image quality over several state-of-the-art methods.
Increased Furan Tolerance in Escherichia coli Due to a Cryptic <i>ucpA</i> Gene (2012)

Expression arrays were used to identify 4 putative oxidoreductases that were upregulated (>3-fold) by furfural (15 mM, 15 min). Plasmid expression of one (ucpA) increased furan tolerance in ethanologenic strain LY180 and wild-type strain W. Deleting ucpA decreased furfural tolerance. Although the mechanism remains unknown, the cryptic ucpA gene is now associated with a phenotype: furan resistance.
New dilution materials for sensitivity enhancement in IR spectroscopy of highly scattering samples. (1989)

The spectra of highly scattering samples by FT-IR have large backgrounds and the back grounds influence the accuracy of analysis. Although a diffuse reflection method has been widely used for analyzing highly scattering samples, some problems have been pointed out for example, this method does not enable us to obtain sharp absorption peaks. The problem of the background disturbing the accuracy of an analysis has also remained unsolved. In this paper, pitches are measured as typical highly scattering samples by FT-IR spectrometer. Then, new dilution materials are developed and proposed in order to obtain fine spectra. As a result, the spectra measured by using our new dilution materials have remarkably fine quality. Our method may be able to assist in solving the existence of backgrounds, those which have remarkably disturbed the accuracy in analyzing spectra.
Attention Mechanism in Speaker Recognition: What Does it Learn in Deep Speaker Embedding? (2018)

This paper presents an experimental study on deep speaker embedding with an attention mechanism that has been found to be a powerful representation learning technique in speaker recognition. In this framework, an attention model works as a frame selector that computes an attention weight for each frame-level feature vector, in accord with which an utterance-level representation is produced at the pooling layer in a speaker embedding network. In general, an attention model is trained together with the speaker embedding network on a single objective function, and thus those two components are tightly bound to one another. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the attention model might be decoupled from its parent network and assist other speaker embedding networks and even conventional i-vector extractors. This possibility is demonstrated through a series of experiments on a NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) task, with 9.0% EER reduction and 3.8% minC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">primary</sub> reduction when the attention weights are applied to i-vector extraction. Another experiment shows that DNN-based soft voice activity detection (VAD) can be effectively combined with the attention mechanism to yield further reduction of minC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">primary</sub> by 6.6% and 1.6% in deep speaker embedding and i-vector systems, respectively.
10–16 μm Broadband quantum well infrared photodetector (1998)

A very long wavelength broadband infrared detector, sensitive over a 10–16 μm spectral range, based on GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy, has been demonstrated. Wavelength broadening of Δλ/λp∼42% is observed to be about a 400% increase compared to a typical bound-to-quasibound quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). In this device structure, which is different from typical QWIP device structures, two different gain mechanisms associated with photocurrent electrons and dark current electrons were observed and explained. Even with broader response, D*∼1×1010 cmHz/W at T=55 K is comparable to regular QWIPs with similar cutoff wavelengths.
Novel ruthenium(III) dimers Na2[{trans-RuCl4(Me2SO-S )}2(μ-L)] and [{mer,cis-RuCl3(Me2SO-S )(Me2SO-O)}2(μ-L)] (L = bridging heterocyclic N-donor ligand) closely related to the antimetastatic complex Na[trans-RuCl4(Me2SO-S )(Him)] † (1999)

The symmetrical dianionic and neutral ruthenium(III) dimers Na2[{trans-RuCl4(Me2SO-S)}2(µ-L)] 1 and [{mer,cis-RuCl3(Me2SO-S)(Me2SO-O)}2(µ-L)] 3 (L = pyrazine 1a, 3a; pyrimidine 1b; 4,4′-bipyridine 1c; 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane 1d; or 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane 1e), which represent unprecedented examples in the general Creutz–Taube family of ruthenium dimers, were developed with the specific aim of assessing their antineoplastic properties. Each ruthenium center in 1 and 3 has a co-ordination environment similar to that of known anionic and neutral monomeric ruthenium(III) complexes endowed with a specific antimetastatic activity against animal model tumors. Beside the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the new dimers, and the structural characterization of 1a, 1b, 1c, and 3a, a thorough investigation of their chemical behavior in aqueous solution was made. At 25 °C and pH 7.4 the dianionic species 1a–1e maintain their dimeric structure and undergo rather slow stepwise chloride hydrolysis to yield the relatively inert diaqua species [{mer,cis-RuCl3(Me2SO-S)(H2O)}2(µ-L)]. At physiological pH dimers 1a–1e are also easily and quantitatively reduced by equivalent amounts of ascorbic acid to the corresponding RuII/II dimers which, in turn, undergo stepwise aquation with rates roughly comparable to those of the RuIII/III species of equal net charge. Since the reduction processes might occur also in vivo, the chemical behavior of the RuII/II dimers is relevant to understanding the biological mechanism of action of these compounds and was thus investigated in detail. The neutral dimer 3, which is scarcely soluble in aqueous solution, gives soluble dimeric species upon reduction with ascorbic acid. We found that reduction is accompanied by O to S linkage isomerization and by partial dissociation of the equatorial dmso. Overall, the dimeric structures of the new compounds are quite robust, both in the RuIII/III and in the RuII/II form, and they undergo aquation reactions similar to those of the monomeric analogs. However, while the monomeric species after aquation are either mono- or bi-functional binders, the new dimers might behave as bi- or even tetra-functional binders. Thus, it is likely that their interaction with biological targets might lead to adducts which are not accessible to the mononuclear species.
sAVSS: Scalable Asynchronous Verifiable Secret Sharing in BFT Protocols (2018)

This paper introduces a new way to incorporate verifiable secret sharing (VSS) schemes into Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) protocols. This technique extends the threshold guarantee of classical Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithms to include privacy as well. This provides applications with a powerful primitive: a threshold trusted third party, which simplifies many difficult problems such as a fair exchange. In order to incorporate VSS into BFT, we introduced sAVSS, a framework that transforms any VSS scheme into an asynchronous VSS scheme with constant overhead. By incorporating Kate et al.'s scheme into our framework, we obtain an asynchronous VSS that has constant overhead on each replica -- the first of its kind. We show that a key-value store built using BFT replication and sAVSS supports writing secret-shared values with about a 30% - 50% throughput overhead with less than 35 millisecond request latencies.
Methodology to Assess Potential Glint and Glare Hazards From Concentrating Solar Power Plants: Analytical Models and Experimental Validation (2011)

With a growing number of concentrating solar power systems being designed and developed, the potential impact of glint and glare from concentrating solar collectors and receivers is receiving increased attention as a potential hazard or as a distraction for motorists, pilots, and pedestrians. This paper provides analytical methods to evaluate the irradiance originating from specularly and diffusely reflecting sources as a function of distance and characteristics of the source. Sample problems are provided for both specular and diffuse sources, and validation of the models is performed via testing. In addition, a summary of safety metrics is compiled from the literature to evaluate the potential hazards of calculated irradiances from glint and glare for short-term exposures. Previous safety metrics have focused on prevention of permanent eye damage (e.g., retinal burn). New metrics used in this paper account for temporary after-image, which can occur at irradiance values several orders of magnitude lower than the irradiance values required for irreversible eye damage.
Deconstructing proton transport through atomically thin monolayer CVD graphene membranes (2022)

We deconstruct the origins of the orders of magnitude difference in proton conductance between micron and centimeter-scale monolayer graphene membranes to help advance atomically thin proton exchange membranes for applications in energy conversion, storage and separation.
High-temperature antioxidant capabilities of base oils and base oil - additive mixtures (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature antioxidant capabilities of base oils and base oil - additive mixturesMilton D. Johnson, Stefan Korcek, and Mikio ZinboCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 9, 1754–1757Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00069a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00069a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coordination and control of multimedia conferencing (1992)

It is shown that multimedia, multipoint conferencing systems create important requirements for the networks they use to transmit information among conference participants. These requirements, which stem from the need for conferencing systems to emulate the richness of control present in face-to-face conversations, may extend from the user interface to the control and coordination of communication networks. The user interface of a conferencing system should present users with the means to control the conduct of meetings, as well as the exchange and presentation of multimedia information. The virtual meeting room metaphor of Rapport, which provides the foundation for this system's user interface, is described. The creation and communication of multimedia information, conferencing over multiple and integrated networks, and requirements for multiport communications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optically pumped reconfigurable antenna systems (OPRAS) (2010)

This paper presents a new reconfigurable antenna design using optical switching which overcomes any biasing associated with standard MEMs and PIN switches. In our approach, the switching elements comprises of doped silicon, and the change in the element's RF conductivity from that of a semiconductor material to that of a metal-like material is achieved upon exposure to a laser light coupled through an optical fiber cable. Two prototype antennas are fabricated and tested to demonstrate the proposed approach. Good qualitative agreement is observed between the simulated and measured data.
Substrate binding to a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and mutations increasing the γ‐cyclodextrin production (1998)

Bacterial cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases use starch to produce cyclic maltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) which are of interest in various applications. The cyclization reaction gives rise to a spectrum of ring sizes consisting of predominantly six to eight glucosyl units. Using the enzyme from Bacillus circulans strain no. 8, binding studies have been performed with several substrates and analogues. The observed binding modes differ in detail, but agree in general with data on homologous enzymes. Based on these binding studies, two mutations were designed that changed the production spectrum from the predominant product beta-cyclodextrin of the wild-type enzyme towards gamma-cyclodextrin, which is of practical interest because it is rare and can encapsulate larger nonpolar compounds.
A method of automatic assessment of feature compatibility in mobile networks (2010)

Deployment and upgrade of a mobile network have always been challenging tasks. Very often they require human intervention because telecom networks are complex systems composed of different nodes that need to be compatible in order to communicate and provide network services. Therefore in current telecommunication systems a network expert must check all the requirements and compatibilities of the network prior to activation of a new service. Automation of the assessment of network compatibility is one of the key enablers for Autonomic Management of telecom networks. In this paper we describe a new method for automatic end-to-end assessment of compatibility between network features in a telecom network. The method enables fast, easy and accurate decision making regarding the planning of new feature deployment or the upgrade of already existing features. We built a prototype that demonstrates the described method. It shows that our method is not bound to any type of telecom network and could be used to automate deployment or upgrade of a multiple-domain network.
Volume holographic imaging in transmission geometry (2004)

We address the performance of transmission geometry volume holograms as depth-selective imaging elements. We consider two simple implementations using holograms recorded with spherical and plane beams. We derive the point-spread function (PSF) of these systems using volume diffraction theory and use the PSF to estimate depth resolution. Furthermore, we show that appropriately designed objective optics can significantly improve the depth resolution or the working distance of plane-wave reference holographic imaging systems. These results are confirmed experimentally and demonstrated for objects with millimeter axial features, imaged from the 5- to 50-cm range.
Metal and Ceramic Thin Film Growth by Reaction of Alkali Metals with Metal Halides:  A New Route for Low-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition (1998)

A new low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the growth of metal and ceramic thin films has been demonstrated. This method involves the use of a low-pressure coflow diffusion reactor to react alkali metal vapor with metal halide vapor. The reaction chemistry is described by the following general equation: mnNa + nMXm Mn + nmNaX. Here, Na is an alkali metal (e.g. Na, K, Cs, or Rb), M is a metal (e.g. Ti, Ta, Pt, W, ...) or nonmetal (e.g. B, C, Si, ...), X is a halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br, or I), Ar is an inert gas (e.g. Ar or He), and m and n are integers. In this reaction, the alkali metal strips halogen from the metal halide. The metal is then free to grow into a thin film on a substrate placed in the reaction zone. Metal nitride or metal oxide ceramic films are easily formed by the introduction of nitrogen or oxygen gases into the reactor. Previously, this technique has been successfully employed for the production of nanoparticles and as an industrial synthesis route for the reduction of bulk metals from their metal halides. Now, for the first time, this reaction chemistry has been demonstrated to be a viable technique for thin film growth as well. Using the precursors of sodium metal vapor, titanium tetrachloride (the limiting reagent), and either Ar or N2 gas, salt-free titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), and titanium silicide (TixSiy) thin films have been grown on copper and silicon substrates. Guided by theoretical modeling calculations, reactant concentrations were adjusted to prevent gas-phase particle nucleation and growth. Using this technique, we have produced salt-free titanium and titanium nitride thin films on copper substrates heated to 610 °C. This temperature is considerably lower than the 900−1200 °C required for the conventional thermal CVD of titanium. A composite salt/Ti film was grown on a silicon wafer at 260 °C, while at 610 °C, a salt-free titanium silicide thin film was produced. The quality and composition of the thin films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Anti-Markovnikov oxidation and hydration of terminal olefins (2014)

Efficient syntheses of aldehydes and primary alcohols from terminal olefins are critical to the chemical laboratory and industry. Heavy emphasis has been placed on regioselective olefin functionalization in recent decades. This perspective mainly focuses on advances in the Wacker-type oxidation and tandem hydration of terminal olefins with anti-Markovnikov selectivity.
Role of Gingipains R in the Pathogenesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐Mediated Periodontal Disease (1999)

It has been demonstrated that the Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinases (gingipains) activate and/or degrade a broad range of host proteins. Inactivation of gingipains R prior to infection of mice results in a decrease in the virulence of P. gingivalis. Analysis of mouse, rabbit, and chicken antisera raised to gingipain R1 demonstrated that the hemagglutinin domains of gingipains are very immunogenic; however, immunization of mice with a peptide derived from the hemagglutinin domain did not protect mice from P. gingivalis infection. Our recent studies indicate that immunization of mice with a peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the catalytic domain of gingipains R results in the generation of an immune response that affords protection of mice from P. gingivalis infection. It is postulated that the protection observed results from the inactivation of the enzymatic activity of gingipains R as a result of antibody recognition of a processing site on the gingipain R precursor.
Lensless Compressive Imaging (2015)

We develop a lensless compressive imaging architecture, which consists of an aperture assembly and a single sensor, without using any lens. An anytime algorithm is proposed to reconstruct images from the compressive measurements; the algorithm produces a sequence of solutions that monotonically converge to the true signal (thus, anytime). The algorithm is developed based on the sparsity of local overlapping patches (in the transformation domain) and state-of-the-art results have been obtained. Experiments on real data demonstrate that encouraging results are obtained by measuring about 10% (of the image pixels) compressive measurements. The reconstruction results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the JPEG compression (based on file sizes) and the reconstructed image quality is close to the JPEG compression, in particular at a high compression rate.
High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with dual deformable mirrors for large aberration correction (2007)

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes with adaptive optics (AOSLO) have been shown previously to provide a noninvasive, cellular-scale view of the living human retina. However, the clinical utility of these systems has been limited by the available deformable mirror technology. In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of dual deformable mirrors can effectively compensate large aberrations in the human retina, making the AOSLO system a viable, non-invasive, high-resolution imaging tool for clinical diagnostics. We used a bimorph deformable mirror to correct low-order aberrations with relatively large amplitudes. The bimorph mirror is manufactured by Aoptix, Inc. with 37 elements and 18 {micro}m stroke in a 10 mm aperture. We used a MEMS deformable mirror to correct high-order aberrations with lower amplitudes. The MEMS mirror is manufactured by Boston Micromachine, Inc with 144 elements and 1.5 {micro}m stroke in a 3 mm aperture. We have achieved near diffraction-limited retina images using the dual deformable mirrors to correct large aberrations up to {+-} 3D of defocus and {+-} 3D of cylindrical aberrations with test subjects. This increases the range of spectacle corrections by the AO systems by a factor of 10, which is crucial for use in the clinical environment. This ability for large phase compensation can eliminate accurate refractive error fitting for the patients, which greatly improves the system ease of use and efficiency in the clinical environment.
Optical-frequency balanced mixer (2001)

Optical signal processing devices based on quasi-phase-matched three-wave mixing and cascaded three-wave mixing in guided-wave geometries have been demonstrated to operate efficiently at practical pump-power levels. We describe operation of such devices in a balanced mode that allows mixing without wavelength offset and separation of mixed output from pump and signal input without wavelength-selective filters. We present a design for an optical-frequency balanced mixer using quasi-phase-matched, cascaded second-order nonlinear processes. Using this design, we fabricated a balanced mixer in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides that has the expected linear and nonlinear optical performance.