gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Strong Solution to the Density-Dependent 2-D Liquid Crystal Flows (2013)

The initial-boundary value problem for the density-dependent flow of nematic crystals is studied in a 2-D bounded smooth domain. For the initial density away from vacuum, the existence and uniqueness is proved for the global strong solution with the large initial velocity<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and small<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo>∇</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>. We also give a regularity criterion<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mo>∇</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mo>;</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mfenced separators="|"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>(2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>q)</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>(2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>p)</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced></mml:math>of the problem with the Dirichlet boundary condition<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mo>∂</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi></mml:math>.
GUIsurfer : a tool for reverse engineering of graphical user interfaces (2010)

Tools are currently available to developers that allow for fast development of user interfaces with graphical components. However, the design of interactive systems does not seem to be much improved by the use of such tools. Interfaces are often difficult to understand and use for end users. In many cases users have problems in identifying all the supported tasks of a system, or in understanding how to achieve their goals. Moreover, the code produced by such tools is difficult to understand and maintain. In the context of an ongoing effort to develop tools to support the automated analysis of interactive system designs, we investigate the applicability of reverse engineering approaches to graphical user interface (GUIS) source code. Our objective consists in developing tools to automatically extract models containing all possible GUI behaviors, from its source code. The model should specify when a particular GUI event can occur, which are the related conditions, which system actions are executed and which GUI state is generated next. We want to to be able to reason about and test this GUI model in order to analyse aspects of the original applications behavior, and the quality of the implementation. GUISURFER, a tool developed in the context of this doctoral thesis, is capable of automatically deriving and reason about graphical user interface behavioral models of applications written in Java/Swing and WxHaskell. This work is useful to enable the analysis of existing interactive applications, and also when an existing application must be ported or simply updated.
WholeCellViz: data visualization for whole-cell models (2013)

WholeCellViz was designed to facilitate exploration, analysis, and communication of whole-cell model data. Taken together, WholeCellViz helps researchers use whole-cell model simulations to drive advances in biology and bioengineering.
Text Document Classification and Pattern Recognition (2009)

In this extended abstract, a novel approach is proposed for text pattern recognition. Instead of the traditional models which are mainly based on the frequency of keywords for text document classification, we introduce a new graph theory model which is constructed based on both information about frequency and position of keywords. We applied this new idea to the detection of fraudulent emails written by the same person, and plagiarized publications. The results on these case studies show that this new method performs much better than traditional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL SULFOXIDES BY METAL‐CATALYZED OXIDATION WITH T‐BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE (1984)

Abstract Sulfide (I) werden mit tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid (II) in Gegenwart von Ti‐, V‐ oder Mo‐Katalysatoren (III) und (H‐Weinsäurediethylester zu optisch aktiven Sulfoxiden (IV) oxidiert.
A new CDSEM metrology method for thin film hardmasks patterns using multiple detectors (2010)

Thin film hardmasks with 10nm or less are used in double patterning techniques to generate fine patterns for 32nm-node and beyond. Using a conventional Mask CDSEM for ultra accurate measurement of patterns on these thin film hardmasks is difficult due to weakness of the edge profiles generated by a scanning electron beam. Additionally, the tones of a SEM image can be reversed due to a charging phenomenon, which causes false recognition of lines and spaces. This paper addresses ultra accurate measurement of thin film hardmasks using a new measurement algorithm that is applied to profiles obtained from multiple detectors.
Extraction of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunchby Physico-Chemical Method (2011)

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are abundantly and readily available
renewable organic materials generated from the palm oil mills. It could serve as a rich
source of raw material for cellulose derivatives and regenerated cellulose since oil palm
fibre comprises of 44.2%  -cellulose. The scope of this paper is to establish an
environmentally friendly physico-chemical methodology to extract cellulose. Three
treatments were done; autoclave and ultrasonic, autoclave, and ultrasonic. Ultrasonic
treatment with 2% NaOH yielded the highest cellulose percentage which was 80.09%.
The characterization of the celluloses was done by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. SEM showed
the morphological properties of the cellulose. It showed a distinctive difference before
and after treatment. The functional groups present in all samples were the same. FTIR
showed a significance difference before and after treatment. A peak of diffraction angle
ranging between 19˚ to 23˚ indicates the presence of cellulose I. For XRD, the autoclave
and ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours has the highest peak intensity. The crystallinity
index for 1, 2, and 3 hours treatments were 58.70%, 56.96%, and 48.72% respectively.
DNA Origami: Scaffolds for Creating Higher Order Structures (2017)

DNA has become one of the most extensively used molecular building blocks for engineering self-assembling materials. DNA origami is a technique that uses hundreds of short DNA oligonucleotides, called staple strands, to fold a long single-stranded DNA, which is called a scaffold strand, into various designer nanoscale architectures. DNA origami has dramatically improved the complexity and scalability of DNA nanostructures. Due to its high degree of customization and spatial addressability, DNA origami provides a versatile platform with which to engineer nanoscale structures and devices that can sense, compute, and actuate. These capabilities open up opportunities for a broad range of applications in chemistry, biology, physics, material science, and computer science that have often required programmed spatial control of molecules and atoms in three-dimensional (3D) space. This review provides a comprehensive survey of recent developments in DNA origami structure, design, assembly, and directed self-assembly, as well as its broad applications.
Human Skin Wound Welding Using 980 nm Diode Laser: an in Vitro Experimental Study (2012)

Laser assisted skin wound closure offers many distinct advantages over conventional closure techniques. The objective of this in vitro experimental study, carried out at the Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies/Baghdad University, was to determine the effectiveness of 980 nm diode laser in welding of human skin wounds. Multiple 3-4 cm long full thickness incisions in a specimen of human skin obtained from the discarded panniculus of an Abdominoplasty operation were tried to be laser welded using a 4 mm spot diameter laser beam from a 980 nm diode laser at different laser parameters and modes of action. The tensile strength at the weld site was analyzed experimentally. Although laser assisted wound welding did actually happen at many laser parameter settings, it was not strong enough to be clinically useful in living human beings. Despite the 980-nm diode laser system has proved to be an effective way of wound welding but it the weld was of low tensile strength to withstand living patient normal daily activity and movement. It can really shorten the operative time required to close a wound if proper laser parameters were used among an endless effective combinations of parameters. Further future studies are highly recommended on live human beings.
Cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization routes to poly(vinyl ester) block copolymers (2010)

Abstract Cobalt‐mediated radical polymerizations (CMRPs) utilizing redox initiation are demonstrated to produce poly(vinyl ester) homopolymers derived from vinyl pivalate (VPv) and vinyl benzoate (VBz), and their block copolymers with vinyl acetate (VAc). Combining anhydrous Co(acac) 2 , lauroyl peroxide, citric acid trisodium salt, and VPv at 30 °C results in controlled polymerizations that yield homopolymers with M n = 2.5–27 kg/mol with M w / M n = 1.20–1.30. Homopolymerizations of scrupulously purified VBz proceed with lower levels of control as evidenced by broader polydispersities over a range of molecular weights ( M n = 4–16 kg/mol; M w / M n = 1.34–1.65), which may be interpreted in terms of the decreased nucleophilicity of these less electron donating propagating polymer chain ends. Based on these results, we demonstrate that sequential CMRP reactions present a viable route to microphase separated poly(vinyl ester) block copolymers as shown by small‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Design, Realization and Measurements of a Miniature Antenna for Implantable Wireless Communication Systems (2011)

The design procedure, realization and measurements of an implantable radiator for telemetry applications are presented. First, free space analysis allows the choice of the antenna typology with reduced computation time. Subsequently the antenna, inserted in a body phantom, is designed to take into account all the necessary electronic components, power supply and bio-compatible insulation so as to realize a complete implantable device. The conformal design has suitable dimensions for subcutaneous implantation (10 × 32.1 mm). The effect of different body phantoms is discussed. The radiator works in both the Medical Device Radiocommunication Service (MedRadio, 401-406 MHz) and the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM, 2.4-2.5 GHz) bands. Simulated maximum gains attain -28.8 and - 18.5 dBi in the two desired frequency ranges, respectively, when the radiator is implanted subcutaneously in a homogenous cylindrical body phantom (80 × 110 mm) with muscle equivalent dielectric properties. Three antennas are realized and characterized in order to improve simulation calibration, electromagnetic performance, and to validate the repeatability of the manufacturing process. Measurements are also presented and a good correspondence with theoretical predictions is registered.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrogen and Carbon Fuels from Water and Carbon Dioxide (2014)

A single-pot electrolytic synthesis of hydrogen and carbon fuels is achieved through the use of a mixed, hydroxide/carbonate electrolyte, nickel anode (generating O2), and nickel or steel cathode (generating graphite and hydrogen). Low hydroxide fractions in the electrolyte ensure efficient carbon formation, while high fractions form only H2 at the cathode; added barium and lithium salts ensure effective nickel anode stability. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
IAIE News (2005)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. The Centro Studi Interculturali (Centre for Intercultural Studies), directed by the author of this study, was established at the University of Verona; its main aim focuses on promoting and providing scientific and cultural services, as well as methodological and educational tools in the field of teaching and education in a pluralist and multicultural society. The distinctive goals of the Centre include multicultural education, teaching, consultancy, research and training, in the context of school and extracurricular activities. The Centre operates in collaboration with several national and international institutions, public authorities and private associations. Its purposes are study and research, the upgrading of school and educational curricula, support and consultancy in the psychopedagogic field, training and specialization in the multicultural field. 2. Overall, it is interesting to note a similar development in European countries with high immigration flows (France, Germany, England, Belgium, Holland), following recommendations of EU institutions. Initially, problems are downplayed to linguistic aspects, incentives are offered to learn a second language, with multicultural projects aimed at understanding diversity. Since the eighties mainly intercultural strategies have developed, while in the nineties education wavered between universalistic solutions, minimizing diversity, and relativistic solutions, emphasizing diversity. Switzerland is a notable exception, with its too strict and rigid immigration laws, while Sweden is the only country where foreign pupils are entitled to have lessons in their mother tongue, and where the government has always pursued an open‐minded policy towards immigrants, granting them the right to vote, the right of abode and favourable procedures to acquire Swedish citizenship (Ibidem). 3. See J. Delors (Ed.), Nell'educazione un tesoro. Armando, Roma, 1997; Council of Europe, Intercultural education: managing diversity, strengthening democracy, Athens, November 2003. 4. See E. Besozzi (Ed.), I progetti di educazione interculturale in Lombardia, ISMU, Milano 2005.
Serum bactericidal test (1988)

The serum bactericidal test represents one of the few in vitro tests performed in the clinical microbiology laboratory that combines the interaction of the pathogen, the antimicrobial agent, and the patient. Although the use of such a test antedates the antimicrobial era, its performance, results, and interpretation have been subject to question and controversy. Much of the confusion concerning the serum bactericidal test can be avoided by an understanding of the various factors which influence bactericidal testing. In addition, the methodologic aspects of the serum bactericidal test have recently been addressed and should place this test on firmer ground. New information on the clinical utility of this test is becoming available; additional data are needed to establish more clearly the usefulness of the serum bactericidal test in specific infections. Such clinical trials from multiple centers will enable firmer recommendations for the future use of the serum bactericidal test.
Phosphine‐Free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Heterocycles through CH Bond Activation with Pivalic Acid as a Cocatalyst (2008)

Ligand-free C-arylation: A general palladium-catalyzed C-arylation of N-heterocycles with aryl bromides has been performed without the presence of phosphines, the aid of CuI, or other metal additives by using pivalic acid as a cocatalyst (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CA-Fi: Ubiquitous mobile wireless networking without 802.11 overhead and restrictions (2014)

The proliferation, flexibility, and mobility of wireless communication devices provides a readily available basis for ubiquitous mobile communication. However, the network-centric design of 802.11 does not support the spontaneity, continuity, and ubiquitous scope of mobile communication for two reasons: i) The time and maintenance overhead of 802.11 networks prevents spontaneous device interaction, and ii) 802.11 restricts the communication scope to devices in a common network. We thus enable ubiquitous wireless communication, independent from 802.11 network structures in CA-Fi, a continuous, low-overhead communication channel concurrent to 802.11 associations. CA-Fi augments 802.11 with an association-less broadcast mechanism of up to 30 kB/s, preserving up to 70 % of simultaneous 802.11 throughput and enabling unrestricted and instant networking in the wireless medium. Directly addressing applications in 802.11 frames using Bloom filters enables message aggregation for space efficiency and saves communication overhead by unifying peer and application discovery. CA-Fi inherently supports duty cycling and saves up to 44 % of the energy consumption of the 802.11 ad-hoc mode.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for differentiated sservices over WDM EPONs (2004)

A variety of passive optical network (PON) systems has been proposed to target the bottleneck problem in the local access. The medium access controls (MACs) of the PON systems are either based on cyclic rotation or polling mechanism. However, these MACs have inherited a potential problem; the cycle time (or polling cycle in the polling MACs) increases linearly as the number of attached ONUs scale up, which can be caused by increasing customer numbers. The longer cycle time means that the ONUs have to wait longer before the next transmission window arrives thus contributing to longer packet delays and poorer QoS. In this paper, a new WDM PON system is proposed where multiple wavelength channels are established in both upstream and downstream directions. The MAC applied is based on an adaptive polling mechanism, and can be used as an upgrade solution for PON systems
Mutual Authentication in Body Area Networks Using Signal Propagation Characteristics (2020)

Developments in wireless communications and wearable devices have facilitated the emergence of a network of tiny sensors embedded in, on or around human body called Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Over the last decade, WBAN has increasingly been playing a vital role in modern medical systems because of its potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery. The data collected by the sensors contain sensitive information and are transmitted via wireless channels. However, the openness of these channels makes WBAN vulnerable to attacks by unauthorized users. Therefore, secure authentication and data encryption schemes in WBAN are essential. The resource constraint nature of the sensors makes traditional cryptographic schemes unsuitable. Consequently, authentication schemes based on channel characteristics are proposed, which are more suitable with fewer requirements. However, existing approaches do not consider mutual authentication as well as passive/active attacks. Motivated by these limitations, we propose in this paper, a mutual authentication and data encryption scheme based on signal propagation characteristics and enhanced butterfly algorithm. To validate the effectiveness of our scheme, we conducted an extensive real-world experiment involving 5 volunteers in indoor and outdoor areas, under distinct scenarios. We further conducted security and performance analyses to validate the effectiveness of our scheme in terms of resources and its resilience to various attacks. The results of the experiments and the analyses show that our scheme could mutually identify legitimate users and protect user data against active/passive eavesdropping attacks with minimal overhead.
Fabrication of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and analysis of human osteoblastic cellular response (2007)

Nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) powders were produced by a hydrothermal method and a precipitation method. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to fabricate nanostructured HA (NHA) using nano-sized HA powders as a precursor. Conventional sintering was employed to produce microstructured HA (MHA). Characteristics of HA powders and HA bulk ceramics after sintering were investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, particle size distribution, and AFM. Dense compacts consisting of equiaxed grains with an average grain size of approximately 100 nm were obtained by SPS. Human osteoblasts were cultured on both NHA and MHA and cell attachment, proliferation, and mineralization were evaluated. After 90 min incubation, the cell density on NHA surface was significantly higher than that of MHA and glass control, whereas average cell area of a spread cell was significantly lower on NHA surface compared to MHA and glass control after 4 h incubation. Matrix mineralization was determined after 7 and 14 days incubation by using alizarin red assay combined with cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. NHA shows significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in mineralization compared to MHA. Results from this study suggest that NHA may be a much better candidate for clinical use in terms of bioactivity.
Wireless power transmission for a traveling mobility scooter (2016)

A wireless power transmitting system for a traveling mobility scooter based on magnetic resonance has been developed. In this paper, an overview of the system will be presented. Large square coils are set up on the road surface where a mobility scooter with a small coil and no battery is traveling. The power source is a Class E amplifier operating at 13.56MHz with an output power of 150W. Power is selectively supplied to the coil upon which the vehicle is passing at the moment; vehicle position is detected by ultrasonic sensors. A system to automatically control the transmitting output power was developed, because it is necessary to supply a constant voltage to the scooter. The overall power efficiency when the power receiving coil is inside the area delimited by the transmitting coil is 47%.
Effect of Anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) Cytokine Genes in Relation to Risk of Cervical Carcinoma (2011)

This study suggests that passive smokers among North Indian women having IL-4 Rp1/Rp2 and IL-10 (AC) genotypes had an increased risk for developing cervical cancer.