gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multigrain parallel Delaunay Mesh generation (2005)

Given the importance of parallel mesh generation in large-scale scientific applications and the proliferation of multilevel SMT-based architectures, it is imperative to obtain insight on the interaction between meshing algorithms and these systems. We focus on Parallel Constrained Delaunay Mesh (PCDM) generation. We exploit coarse-grain parallelism at the subdomain level and fine-grain at the element level. This multigrain data parallel approach targets clusters built from low-end, commercially available SMTs. Our experimental evaluation shows that current SMTs are not capable of executing fine-grain parallelism in PCDM. However, experiments on a simulated SMT indicate that with modest hardware support it is possible to exploit fine-grain parallelism opportunities. The exploitation of fine-grain parallelism results to higher performance than a pure MPI implementation and closes the gap between the performance of PCDM and the state-of-the-art sequential mesher on a single physical processor. Our findings extend to other adaptive and irregular multigrain, parallel algorithms.
Deep Learning for Retail Product Recognition: Challenges and Techniques (2020)

Taking time to identify expected products and waiting for the checkout in a retail store are common scenes we all encounter in our daily lives. The realization of automatic product recognition has great significance for both economic and social progress because it is more reliable than manual operation and time-saving. Product recognition via images is a challenging task in the field of computer vision. It receives increasing consideration due to the great application prospect, such as automatic checkout, stock tracking, planogram compliance, and visually impaired assistance. In recent years, deep learning enjoys a flourishing evolution with tremendous achievements in image classification and object detection. This article aims to present a comprehensive literature review of recent research on deep learning-based retail product recognition. More specifically, this paper reviews the key challenges of deep learning for retail product recognition and discusses potential techniques that can be helpful for the research of the topic. Next, we provide the details of public datasets which could be used for deep learning. Finally, we conclude the current progress and point new perspectives to the research of related fields.
A modified zonal index and its physical sense (2003)

A modified zonal index (ZI) for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) general circulation is defined as the normalized difference in zonal‐averaged sea level pressure anomalies between 35°N and 65°N. The ZI is a measure of hemispheric‐wide fluctuations in air mass between two annular belts of action (ABAs) over middle and high latitudes, centered near 35°N and 65°N, respectively. The spatial structure of the NH general circulation represented by the ZI is a zonally symmetric pattern, similar to the NH annular mode. Some physical features associated with the ZI are discussed and summarized as a concept model, and the analysis indicates that the Ferrel cell stands out as a dominant signal in the zonal‐mean circulation anomalies related to the ZI, implying a strong dynamical property of the general circulation in the mid‐high latitudes.
A Quasi-Exclusive European Ancestry in the Senepol Tropical Cattle Breed Highlights the Importance of the slick Locus in Tropical Adaptation (2012)

Our results do not support the accepted concept about the AFT origin of SEN breed. Initial AFT ancestry (if any) might have been counter-selected in early generations due to breeding objectives oriented in particular toward meat production and hornless phenotype. Therefore, SEN animals are likely susceptible to African trypanosomes which questions the importation of SEN within the West African tsetse belt, as promoted by some breeding societies. Besides, our results revealed that SEN breed is predominantly a EUT breed well adapted to tropical conditions and confirmed the importance in thermotolerance of the slick locus.
Effects of Fuel to Synthesis of CaTiO<sub>3</sub> by Solution Combustion Synthesis for High-Level Nuclear Waste Ceramics (2015)

A solution combustion process for the synthesis of perovskite (CaTiO3) powders is described. Perovskite is one of the crystalline host matrics for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW) because it immobilizes Sr and Lns elements by forming solid solutions. Solution combustion synthesis, which is a self-sustaining oxi-reduction reaction between nitrate and organic fuel, the exothermic reaction, and the heat evolved convert the precursors into their corresponding oxide products above 1100 degrees C in air. To investigate the effects of amino acid on the combustion reaction, various types of fuels were used; a glycine, amine and carboxylic ligand mixture. Sr, La and Gd-nitrate with equivalent amounts of up to 20% of CaTiO3 were mixed with Ca and Ti nitrate and amino acid. X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM and TEM were conducted to confirm the formed phases and morphologies. While powders with an uncontrolled shape are obtained through a general oxide-route process, Ca(Sr, Lns)TiO3 powders with micro-sized soft agglomerates consisting of nano-sized primary particles can be prepared using this method.
Giant, triply resonant, third-order nonlinear susceptibility<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">χ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ω</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in coupled quantum wells (1992)

A new coupled-quantum-well semiconductor with triply resonant third-order nonlinear susceptibility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{(3)}$ has been designed and demonstrated using AlInAs/GaInAs heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. In order to maximize \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{(3)}$\ensuremath{\Vert} our structure has been tailored in such a way to maximize the product of the dipole matrix elements of the relevant intersubband transitions while maintaining nearly equal spacing between the electronic bound states of the quantum wells. Experimental values of \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{(3)}$\ensuremath{\Vert} as high as \ensuremath{\simeq}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}14}$ (m/V${)}^{2}$ at 10.7-\ensuremath{\mu}m pump wavelength have been obtained, in agreement with theoretical estimates.
Three-dimensional CT maximum intensity projections of the calvaria: a new approach for diagnosis of craniosynostosis and fractures. (2001)

Three-dimensional CT maximum intensity projection (MIP) can depict suture patency, extent of synostosis (ie, complete versus incomplete bone bridging), fracture extent and conspicuity, and 3D calvarial deformity as a single set of projections in children with suspected craniosynostosis or skull fracture. Three-dimensional CT MIP may provide, in only eight views, all the required information to make the diagnosis of craniosynostosis and calvarial fracture extent currently requiring the combined information of 3D CT shaded surface displays and 2D axial CT images (a total of 58 views), and in some cases complementary skull radiographs. Three-dimensional MIP can be added to calvarial helical (spiral) CT imaging with only 5 minutes of additional postprocessing time.
A high-performance stacked-CMOS SRAM cell by solid phase growth technique (1990)

A stacked-CMOS SRAM cell with a polysilicon p-channel thin-film transistor (TFT) load that has been attracting much attention as a high-density and low-standby-current SRAM is considered. The authors demonstrate a high-performance stacked-CMOS SRAM cell with remarkably improved polysilicon p-channel TFT load characteristics: a leakage-current of 0.07 pA/μm, and an on/off ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> at the logic swing of 3 V, which could satisfy a 4-Mb SRAM with standby-current of 0.3 μA. The high performance has been attained as a result of enlarging the grain size of the polysilicon film for the active region of the p-ch TFT by a novel solid-phase growth (SPG) technique
CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 improve the diagnostic accuracy in gastrointestinal cancers. (2002)

An algorithm based on the combination of CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 improved the diagnostic accuracy in gastrointestinal tract malignancies compared with these markers alone.
Effect of Preventive Hormonal Therapy on Breast Density: A Systematic Qualitative Review (2014)

Breast density (BD) is recognized as one of the strongest independent risk factors of breast cancer (BC). Unlike most other risk factors, BD can be modified, suggesting that it may be a biomarker for preventive interventions. We conducted a qualitative systematic review to address the effect of preventive hormonal therapy on BD. Among the 26 relevant studies, 10 assessed the effect of tamoxifen on BD (TAM: n = 2,877), 9 that of raloxifene (RLX: n = 1,544), and 7 that of aromatase inhibitors (AI: n = 416). The studies were characterized by a large heterogeneity in designs and in methods of BD measurement. BD could be reduced by TAM (10 studies/10). However, the effect of RLX and AI on BD remains unclear due to conflicting results between studies. Consequently, it is crucial to develop practical, accurate, and reproducible methods of measurement in order to be able to compare the effect of preventive hormonal agents on BD and to determine whether change in BD can be used as a predictor of response to therapy.
Exploiting a natural network effect for scalable, fine-grained clock synchronization (2018)

Nanosecond-level clock synchronization can be an enabler of a new spectrum of timing- and delay-critical applications in data centers. However, the popular clock synchronization algorithm, NTP, can only achieve millisecond-level accuracy. Current solutions for achieving a synchronization accuracy of 10s-100s of nanoseconds require specially designed hardware throughout the network for combatting random network delays and component noise or to exploit clock synchronization inherent in Ethernet standards for the PHY.

In this paper, we present HUYGENS, a software clock synchronization system that uses a synchronization network and leverages three key ideas. First, coded probes identify and reject impure probe data--data captured by probes which suffer queuing delays, random jitter, and NIC timestamp noise. Next, HUYGENS processes the purified data with Support Vector Machines, a widely-used and powerful classifier, to accurately estimate one-way propagation times and achieve clock synchronization to within 100 nanoseconds. Finally, HUYGENS exploits a natural network effect--the idea that a group of pairwise synchronized clocks must be transitively synchronized-- to detect and correct synchronization errors even further.

Through evaluation of two hardware testbeds, we quantify the imprecision of existing clock synchronization across server-pairs, and the effect of temperature on clock speeds. We find the discrepancy between clock frequencies is typically 5-10ms/sec, but it can be as much as 30ms/sec. We show that HUYGENS achieves synchronization to within a few 10s of nanoseconds under varying loads, with a negligible overhead upon link bandwidth due to probes. Because HUYGENS is implemented in software running on standard hardware, it can be readily deployed in current data centers.
Virtual reality in Japan (1993)

The trends of virtual-reality research in Japan are reviewed. Research on the application of virtual reality systems in three-dimensional imaging of software structures, remote control of construction robots, and molecular model design is discussed. A prototype of a plant monitoring system that uses camera images to provide a sense of being there, and experiments on the tactile senses of touch and pressure, are described. The space interface device for artificial reality (SPIDAR) is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of fluoro and cine coronary angiography: balancing acceptable outcomes with a reduction in radiation dose. (2015)

Radiation doses, contrast use, and fluoroscopy times are lower in fluoroscopic LFH angiography vs cine angiography. Interclass variability of visual stenosis estimation between three operators was not different between cine and LFH groups. Fluoroscopic LFH images conventionally have inferior diagnostic quality when compared with cine coronary angiography, but with new angiographic systems with improved LFH image quality, these images may be adequate for diagnostic coronary angiography.
CRASHWORTHY RAIL VEHICLES - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANUFACTURERS AND OPERATORS (2004)

The article discusses the SAFETRAIN Project sponsored by the European Union (EU) and UIC on train crashworthiness, vehicle design and occupant protection. The conclusions and recommendations of the project were tabled for the design of crashworthiness of the vehicles that were intended for railways and for the railway industry. The conclusions and recommendations of the SAFETRAIN project can be achieved by a progressive procurement of crashworthy vehicles provided that account is taken of the specific operating conditions. The article sets out the conclusions and recommendations of the SAFETRAIN project for the development of passive safety for vehicle design and validation by means of a number of examples selected from the SAFETRAIN project. Also discussed is SAFETRAM that is studying crashworthy structures for light rail vehicles, mainly the CITY Tram which operates only in a town and the Periurban Tram which connects the city center and the region.
Simulation‐based finite sample normality tests in linear regressions (1998)

In the literature on tests of normality, much concern has been expressed over the problems associated with residual‐based procedures. Indeed, the specialized tables of critical points which are needed to perform the tests have been derived for the location‐scale model; hence, reliance on available significance points in the context of regression models may cause size distortions. We propose a general solution to the problem of controlling the size of normality tests for the disturbances of standard linear regressions, which is based on using the technique of Monte Carlo tests. We study procedures based on 11 well‐known test statistics: the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Anderson–Darling, Cramér–von Mises, Shapiro–Wilk, Jarque–Bera and D’Agostino criteria. Evidence from a simulation study is reported showing that the usual critical values lead to severe size problems (over‐rejections or under‐rejections). In contrast, we show that Monte Carlo tests achieve perfect size control for any design matrix and have good power.
Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Lipid Oxidation and Warmed-over Flavor of Precooked Roast Beef (2013)

Many manufacturing processes damage the structure of meat products and this often contributes to lipid oxidation which could influence warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef that is reheated beef. Electrical stimulation causes contraction of muscles and improves tissue tenderization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of lipid oxidation or warmed-over flavor that could be affected by electrical stimulation of precooked roast beef after refrigerated storage and reheating. The results show that there was no significant difference between chemical compositions and cooking yields when comparing non-electrically stimulated and electrically stimulated roast beef. Moreover, electrical stimulation had no significant effect on oxidative stability and off-flavor problems of precooked roast beef as evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory test (warmed-over aroma and warmed-over flavor). However, there was an increased undesirable WOF and a decrease in tenderness for both ES and Non-ES treatments over refrigerated storage time. Electrical stimulation did cause reactions of amino acids or other compounds to decrease the desirable beef flavor in re-cooked meat.
Methemoglobin in blood as determined by double-wavelength spectrophotometry. (1982)

Abstract We describe spectrophotometric determination of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood by absorbance differences at two wavelengths (characteristic of the instrument used) in the 500-600 nm region. Blood is diluted 100- to 200-fold with a solution containing KCN and carbon monoxide to convert hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin and Met-Hb to cyanomethemoglobin (CN-Met-Hb). Carboxyhemoglobin has the same absorbance at the two wavelengths used, so that the differences in absorbance reflect only the CN-Met-Hb component. After measurement of absorbance differences, potassium ferricyanide is added to convert all hemoglobin derivatives to CN-Met-Hb; samples are then remeasured at the same wavelengths. The percentage of Met-Hb is determined from the ratio of the absorbance differences. Results agree satisfactorily with currently accepted procedures and with calculated theoretical results for mixtures of oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and Met-Hb.
Structure and activation of pro-activin A (2016)

Activins are growth factors with multiple roles in the development and homeostasis. Like all TGF-β family of growth factors, activins are synthesized as large precursors from which mature dimeric growth factors are released proteolytically. Here we have studied the activation of activin A and determined crystal structures of the unprocessed precursor and of the cleaved pro-mature complex. Replacing the natural furin cleavage site with a HRV 3C protease site, we show how the protein gains its bioactivity after proteolysis and is as active as the isolated mature domain. The complex remains associated in conditions used for biochemical analysis with a dissociation constant of 5 nM, but the pro-domain can be actively displaced from the complex by follistatin. Our high-resolution structures of pro-activin A share features seen in the pro-TGF-β1 and pro-BMP-9 structures, but reveal a new oligomeric arrangement, with a domain-swapped, cross-armed conformation for the protomers in the dimeric protein.
Isolation and Functional Use of Human NKT Cells (2017)

Abstract This unit details methods for the isolation, in vitro expansion, and functional characterization of human iNKT cells. The term ‘iNKT’ derives from the fact that a large fraction of murine and some human NK marker+ T cells (‘NKT’) recognize the MHC class I–like CD1d protein and use an identical ‘invariant’ TCRα chain, which is generated in humans by precise Vα24 and Jα18 rearrangements with either no N‐region diversity or subsequent trimming to identical or nearly identical amino acid sequence (hence, ‘iNKT’ cells). iNKT are mostly CD4+ or CD4–CD8– (‘double negative’), although a few CD8+ iNKT can be found in some humans. Basic Protocol 1 and Alternate Protocol 1 use multi‐color FACS analysis to identify and quantitate rare iNKT cells from human samples. Basic Protocol 2 describes iNKT cell purification. Alternate Protocol 2 describes a method for high‐speed FACS sorting of iNKT cells. Basic Protocol 3 explains functional analysis of iNKT. Alternate Protocol 3 employs a cell sorting approach to isolate iNKT cell clones. A support protocol for secondary stimulation and rapid expansion of iNKT cells is also included. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A General-Purpose Architecture for Replicated Metadata Services in Distributed File Systems (2017)

A large class of modern distributed file systems treat metadata services as an independent system component, separately from data servers. The availability of the metadata service is key to the availability of the overall system. Given the high rates of failures observed in large-scale data centers, distributed file systems usually incorporate high-availability (HA) features. A typical approach in the development of distributed file systems is to design and develop metadata services from the ground up, at significant cost in terms of complexity and time, often leading to functional shortcomings. Our motivation in this paper was to improve on this state of things by defining a general-purpose architecture for HA metadata services (which we call RMS) that can be easily incorporated and reused in new or existing file systems, reducing development time. Taking two prominent distributed file systems as case studies, PVFS and HDFS, we developed RMS variants that improve on functional shortcomings of the original HA solutions, while being easy to build and test. Our extensive evaluation of the RMS variant of HDFS shows that it does not incur an overall performance or availability penalty compared to the original implementation.
A Woman with Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Upper Lobe Consolidation (2021)

"A Woman with Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Upper Lobe Consolidation." Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 18(11), pp. 1901–1906
One hundred years of forgetting: A quantitative description of retention. (1996)

A sample of 210 published data sets were assembled that (a) plotted amount remembered versus time, (b) had 5 or more points, and (cj were smooth enough to fit at least 1 of the functions tested with a correlation coefficient of .90 or greater. Each was fit to 105 different 2-parameter functions. The best fits were to the logarithmic function, the power function, the exponential in the square root of time, and the hyperbola in the square root of time. It is difficult to distinguish among these 4 functions with the available data, but the same set of 4 functions fit most data sets, with autobiographical memory being the exception. Theoretical motivations for the best fitting functions are offered. The methodological problems of evaluating functions and the advantages of searching existing data for regularities before formulating theories are considered. At the simplest level, this article is a search for regularities. We ask whether there is one retention function that can describe all of memory, or perhaps a different function for each of a small number of different kinds of memory. At a more abstract level, it is about the role of theory and data in psychological research. Can we most rapidly advance psychology as a science by developing theories at the level that commonly fills psychological journals such as this one, or should we first try to describe phenomena that could constrain theories by establishing robust, preferably quantitative, regularities (Rubin, 1985, 1989, 1995)? A balance between these alternatives is needed, and here we argue that to obtain such a balance more description is needed. Retention offers the ideal topic to make this abstract, philo