gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Contribution to the Myeloid Compartment by Lineage-Committed Stem Cells (1998)

The current paradigm concerning the kinetics of hematopoiesis is that only the most primitive pluripotential bone marrow stem cells can support prolonged hematopoiesis whereas more differentiated, lineage-committed stem cells can only contribute to a particular lineage for a limited period of time. In this study, we present evidence that in mice, the spleen contains a long-lived myeloid-committed stem cell population(s) that continuously replenishes the mature myeloid lineage for at least 9 months. After myeloid-specific retroviral-mediated gene transfer, the exogenous gene could be detected in thioglycollate-induced macrophages and granulocytes by Southern blot analysis and by in situ polymerase chain reaction on an individual cell basis. The targeted stem cell population does not repopulate the bone marrow in secondary recipients and did not give rise to cells other than cells of the myeloid lineage. It therefore represents the first nonpluripotential stem cell population capable of replenishing a hemopoietic lineage for a long period of time. The ability to target a myeloid-specific stem cell could facilitate gene therapy of congenital disorders of the myeloid system such as lysosomal storage diseases. It also offers a unique opportunity to assess the immunologic consequences of expressing an exogenous gene of choice exclusively in the myeloid lineage. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Fabrication of magnesium-oxide-induced lithium outdiffusion waveguides (1992)

A short-time high-temperature diffusion process for the fabrication of the lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) optical waveguide with a magnesium-oxide (MgO) strip-loaded structure is presented. The deposited MgO layer causes the lithium to diffuse out of the LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) data of the fabricated waveguide show that the lithium diffuses out of the substrate and gets into the MgO cover layer, which results in an increase in the extraordinary refractive index of the substrate. In particular, it is found that the diffused atoms are piled up near the LiNbO/sub 3/ and MgO interface. Also, the electrooptic effect of the fabricated waveguide is better than that of the conventional titanium-indiffused waveguide. Moreover, single-mode and single-polarization waveguides can be easily obtained without any significant surface guiding or surface damage on the crystalline substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal considerations in cooling large scale high compute density data centers (2003)

A high compute density data center of today is characterized as one consisting of thousands of racks each with multiple computing units. The computing units include multiple microprocessors, each dissipating approximately 250 W of power. The heat dissipation from a rack containing such computing units exceeds 10 KW. Today's data center, with 1000 racks, over 30,000 square feet, requires 10 MW of power for the computing infrastructure. A 100,000 square foot data center of tomorrow will require 50 MW of power for the computing infrastructure. Energy required to dissipate this heat will be an additional 20 MW. A hundred thousand square foot planetary scale data center, with five thousand 10 KW racks, would cost /spl sim/$44 million per year (@ $100/MWh) just to power the servers & $18 million per year to power the cooling infrastructure for the data center. Cooling design considerations by virtue of proper layout of racks can yield substantial savings in energy. This paper shows an overview of a data center cooling design and presents the results of a case study where layout change was made by virtue of numerical modeling to avail efficient use of air conditioning resources.
Optical coherence tomography-based freeze-drying microscopy (2011)

A new type of freeze-drying microscope based upon time-domain optical coherence tomography is presented here (OCT-FDM). The microscope allows for real-time, in situ 3D imaging of pharmaceutical formulations in vials relevant for manufacturing processes with a lateral resolution of <7 μm and an axial resolution of <5 μm. Correlation of volumetric structural imaging with product temperature measured during the freeze-drying cycle allowed investigation of structural changes in the product and determination of the temperature at which the freeze-dried cake collapses. This critical temperature is the most important parameter in designing freeze-drying processes of pharmaceutical products.
Thiophene-based oligomers with high photo- and electroluminescence efficiencies across the entire visible range (2001)

We present a new class of thiophene-based molecular materials with high solid-state photoluminescence efficiencies across the entire visible range. We show that full color tunability may be achieved, including white and purple, by binary blends of these materials, according to CIE standards. With some of these materials efficient electroluminescent devices were fabricated and characterized.
Plasmodium falciparum:An Epitope within a Highly Conserved Region of the 47-kDa Amino-Terminal Domain of the Serine Repeat Antigen Is a Target of Parasite-Inhibitory Antibodies (1997)

Previously, the Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen has been shown to be protective in primate models of malaria immunity and also to be a target of in vitro parasite-inhibitory antibodies. To further define parasite-inhibitory epitopes a series of deletions from the amino-terminal 47-kDa domain of the serine repeat antigen (SERA) were constructed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins. Several GST-SERA fusion proteins were used to vaccinate mice with Freund's adjuvant and the resulting immune sera were used to assay for the inhibition of P. falciparum invasion of erythrocytes in vitro. The minimal epitope shown to be the target of invasion-blocking antibodies was SERA amino acids 17-165. Additional GST-SERA deletion constructs of the 47-kDa domain were developed and evaluated for reactivity, by Western immunoblot analysis, with a parasite-inhibitory murine monoclonal antibody (mAb 43E5), a parasite-inhibitory pooled goat polyclonal sera, and a pooled human Nigerian immune serum. The parasite-inhibitory epitope defined by mAb 43E5 was mapped to SERA amino acids 17-110 and, at least, part of the epitope was defined to include amino acids in the region of amino acids 59-72. The parasite-inhibitory epitope recognized by mAb 43E5 appears to be well conserved between diverse geographical isolates of P. falciparum. The results have relevance for malaria vaccine development and suggest that an appropriately designed recombinant SERA antigen produced from a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli may be an effective component of a candidate malaria vaccine.
Demand-Controlled Desynchronization of Brain Rhythms by Means of Nonlinear Delayed Feedback (2005)

We present a novel method for desynchronization of strongly synchronized population of interacting oscillators. It is based on nonlinear delayed feedback, works on demand with vanishing amount of stimulation, and is robust with respect to parameter variations. We suggest our method for mild and effective deep brain stimulation in neurological diseases characterized by pathological cerebral synchronization.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium: A Comparative Study Between Cell Lines and Differentiation Methods (2016)

The directed protocol is a more reliable method for differentiating RPE from various pluripotent sources and some iPSC lines are more amenable to RPE differentiation.
Comparison of spectral beam combining approaches for high power fiber laser systems (2008)

Spectral Beam Combination (SBC) of multiple fiber laser outputs has been shown to be an effective way to scale the power of fiber laser systems while maintaining near-diffraction-limited beam quality. The fiber SBC system maintains many of the key advantages of individual fiber lasers, such as high efficiency, excellent beam quality independent of output power and relaxed thermal management requirements. Several approaches to spectral beam combination have been demonstrated including single grating in linear oscillator, single grating in master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), dual grating MOPA and dual grating ring oscillator configurations. Each of these variations has certain advantages in terms of the system design and fiber laser requirements. In this paper we analyze the different approaches and compare them in terms of combined beam quality, line-width requirements of the individual fiber laser channels, power scalability and system complexity. The results obtained using the different SBC approaches at Aculight are summarized in the context of this analysis.
Seyferth–Gilbert Homologation as a Route to <sup>18</sup>F‐Labeled Building Blocks: Preparation of Radiofluorinated Phenylacetylenes and Their Application in PET Chemistry (2015)

Abstract A convenient method for the preparation of hitherto unknown ([ 18 F]fluorophenyl)acetylenes ([ 18 F]FPAs) using the Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is reported. The novel building blocks were efficiently prepared from easily accessible [ 18 F]fluorobenzaldehydes by using the Bestmann–Ohira reagent. High radiochemical yields and excellent radiochemical purities were achieved within only 20 min of reaction time; 2‐ and 4‐[ 18 F]FPAs were applied to prepare radiofluorinated heterocycles by using different cycloaddition and cross‐coupling reactions. Additionally, these building blocks were used to prepare three novel PET tracers. Thus, an artificial radiofluorinated protected amino acid [ 18 F] 10 , a COX‐2‐specific ligand [ 18 F] 14 , and a PSMA‐selective inhibitor [ 18 F] 16 were obtained in high radiochemical yields.
Narrowband Pulsed THz Source Using Eyesafe Region Fiber Lasers and a Nonlinear Crystal (2008)

We report a high-power single-frequency fiber laser system in the eyesafe wavelength region that pumps a GaSe crystal through difference frequency generation, producing narrowband terahertz (THz). Two single-frequency continuous-wave fiber seed lasers are modulated, then amplified with a three-stage single-mode amplifier. The resulting pulses are transform-limited and high power, producing a peak THz power of 26.4 mW with narrow linewidth. This is significantly higher than earlier THz sources based on narrowband fiber lasers in the eyesafe region.
Reduction of Melanogenic Activity and Responsiveness to α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone during Serial Passage of Melanoma Cells (1996)

Background: Murine melanoma cells such as Cloudman S91 or B16 mouse melanoma cells have been used extensively to study mechanisms involved in pigmentation because these cells have tyrosinase, the key enzyme in pigmentation, and produce pigment. We have observed that serial passaged S91 cells tend to decrease their basal pigment content and to lose their responsiveness to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Objective: Because this reduction of melanogenic capacity is a widely acknowledged but virtually unstudied characteristic of both human and murine melanoma cell lines in culture, we wished to document and quantify the phenomenon. Methods: Commercially attained S91 melanoma cells were serially passaged. Basal pigmentation as well as α-MSH responsiveness and expression of protein kinase C-beta (PKC-β) were assessed. Results: S91 cells progressively lost their basal pigmentation under standardized conventional conditions of culture, from an initial melanin content of 20 ± 4 pg/cell content to 12 ± 5 pg/cell within 70 population doublings (16 passages) and to 4.5 ± 6 pg/cell, a level at or below the detectable level of our melanin assay, by 110 population doublings (28 passages). When responsiveness to α-MSH was assessed, a 6-day treatment with 10 −6 M α-MSH initially induced the pigment content four-fold from 20 ± 4 to 82 ± 2 pg/cell. In contrast, after 110 population doublings, identical treatment with α-MSH induced pigment content less than two-fold from 4.5 ± 6 to 7.5 ± 2 pg/cell. PKC-β expression was readily detected by immunofluorescence in early passage pigmented cells, but not in late passage nonpigmented cells. Conclusion: These results confirm that while murine melanoma cells are a useful model system for pigmentation studies, it is important to monitor changes in the cells' basal abilities to pigment and to respond to exogenous pigment-inducing factors. They further suggest that factors in the culture environment or the internal milieu of melanoma cells exposed to continuous mitogenic stimulation inhibit melanogenesis. One candidate mechanism is down regulation of PKC-β.
Fluorescence Tomography with a PDE-constrained Algorithm based on the Equation of Radiative Transfer (2010)

We introduce the PDE-constrained fluorescence tomography algorithm that is based on a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. Numerical and experimental data are presented to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm. The frequency-domain equation of radiative transfer is used as a light propagation model. The results show that the PDE-constrained approach accelerates the reconstruction process up to a factor of 10 to 15 as compared to the unconstrained approach.
In Vitro Exposure to Malondialdehyde‐Acetaldehyde Adducted Protein Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Viability (2002)

A dose response to MAA haptenated protein-induced cell death is seen in antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, and hepatocytes in vitro. Recent reports have associated both apoptotic and necrotic cell death with the development of autoimmune disease; thus, it is possible that this may be one mechanism by which in vivo immunogenicity is mediated by aldehyde haptenated proteins.
Immune Responses to<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Protective Antigen in Patients with Bioterrorism‐Related Cutaneous or Inhalation Anthrax (2004)

Anti-protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin (Ig) G, toxin neutralization, and PA-specific IgG memory B cell responses were studied in patients with bioterrorism-related cutaneous or inhalation anthrax and in a patient with laboratory-acquired cutaneous anthrax. Responses were determined for >1 year after the onset of symptoms. Eleven days after the onset of symptoms (15 days after likely exposure), anti-PA IgG was detected in 16 of 17 patients with confirmed or suspected clinical anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG remained detectable 8-16 months after the onset of symptoms in all 6 survivors of inhalation anthrax and in 7 of 11 survivors of cutaneous anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG levels and serum toxin neutralizing activity were strongly associated (R2=0.83). PA-specific IgG memory B cells were detectable in all 6 survivors of inhalation anthrax but in only 2 of 7 patients with cutaneous anthrax who were tested. Anti-PA IgG is an important diagnostic marker of anthrax, a predictor of serum anti-toxin activity, and a marker of immunological memory against anthrax.
Patient and Mouse Antibodies against Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Cross-React with Platelets and Cause Their Dysfunction or Depletion (2008)

Thrombocytopenia is a clinical manifestation in dengue virus (DV) infection, yet its pathogenic mechanisms are unresolved. We previously showed that dengue patient sera contained antibodies cross-reactive with platelets. In this study, we demonstrated that the anti-platelet activity of dengue patient sera was due to the antibodies against DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Studies using DV-infected or recombinant NS1-immunized mouse sera showed that anti-NS1 antibodies cross-reacted with human platelets. The platelet-binding activity of dengue patient sera or anti-NS1 antibodies was inhibited by treatment of platelets with anti-NS1 or patient sera. Further investigation showed that anti-NS1 antibodies were able to inhibit platelet aggregation and cause platelet lysis in the presence of complement. The platelet-binding activity and the induction of platelet lysis mediated by dengue patient sera or anti-NS1 antibodies were increased when platelets were activated by ADP or thrombin. Taken together, anti-NS1 antibodies account for the cross-reactivity with platelets and cause platelet dysfunction or depletion, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of dengue diseases.
Numerical taxonomy of Lactobacillus spp. associated with healthy and diseased mucosa of the human intestines (1993)

Two-hundred and fifty Lactobacillus strains isolated from healthy and diseased mucosa of human intestines of 75 individuals and 49 reference strains were phenotypically classified using 49 unit characters. Data were processed by the Jaccard (SJ) and Simple Matching (SSM) coefficients, and unweighted pair group algorithm with arithmetic averages. Seventeen major clusters were defined at the 76% SJ-similarity level which approximately correspond to the SSM-level of 91%. Seven clusters could be identified: Lactobacillus plantarum (isolates recovered from 5% of the patients), Lact. casei subsp. rhamnosus (17% of the patients), Lact. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum (5% of the patients), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (3% of the patients), Lact. buchneri (4% of patients), Lact. reuteri (4% of the patients) and Lact. salivarius subsp. salivarius (9% of the patients). Unassigned clusters 1 and 3 both contained homofermentative Lactobacillus strains. Cluster 1 included the type strains of Lact. crispatus, Lact. acidophilus, Lact. jensenii and Lact. gasseri, and cluster 3, the type strains of Lact. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lact. agilis and Lact. casei subsp. tolerans. Clusters 1 and 3 were found in 15% and 25% of the patients, respectively. Unassigned clusters 2, 6, 7, 8 and 10 contained homofermentative Lactobacillus strains but no reference strains. Clusters 11, 12, 15 and 17 were made up of heterofermentative Lactobacillus strains but no reference strains. Phenotypical characteristics of the clusters are given. No obvious trends in species (cluster) composition between different intestinal locations could be noted. Most clusters contained isolates from both diseased and healthy mucosa. Exceptions were cluster 15 and cluster 17 which only included isolates from healthy mucosa, and cluster 11 which only included isolates from diseased mucosa. Cluster 15 was isolated in 12% of the patients, and cluster 11 in 8%.
Some Experiments in Mining Named Entity Transliteration Pairs from Comparable Corpora (2008)

Parallel Named Entity pairs are important resources in several NLP tasks, such as, CLIR and MT systems. Further, such pairs may also be used for training transliteration systems, if they are transliterations of each other. In this paper, we profile the performance of a mining methodology in mining parallel named entity transliteration pairs in English and an Indian language, Tamil, leveraging linguistic tools in English, and article-aligned comparable corpora in the two languages. We adopt a methodology parallel to that of [Klementiev and Roth, 2006], but we focus instead on mining parallel named entity transliteration pairs, using a well-trained linear classifier to identify transliteration pairs. We profile the performance at several operating parameters of our algorithm and present the results that show the potential of the approach in mining transliterations pairs; in addition, we uncover a host of issues that need to be resolved, for effective mining of parallel named entity transliteration pairs. 1
Microstructure of GaN laterally overgrown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1998)

Extended defect reduction in GaN grown by lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) on large-area SiO2/GaN/Al2O3 wafers by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is characterized using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The laterally overgrown GaN (LEO GaN) has a rectangular cross section with smooth (0001) and {112̄0} facets. The density of mixed-character and pure edge threading dislocations in the LEO GaN (&lt;5×106 cm−2) is reduced by at least 3–4 orders of magnitude from that of bulk GaN (∼1010 cm−2). A small number of edge dislocations with line directions parallel to the basal plane are generated between the bulk-like overgrown GaN and the LEO GaN regions as well as at the intersection of adjacent merging LEO GaN stripes. The edge dislocations are most likely generated to accommodate the small misorientation between bulk-like GaN and LEO GaN regions as well as between adjacent single-crystal LEO GaN stripes.
Intermittent hydrostatic pressure inhibits shear stress-induced nitric oxide release in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro. (2003)

Our data show that shear stress and IHP differentially alter chondrocyte metabolism and suggest that a balance of effects between different loading forces preserve cartilage extracellular matrix in vivo.
Photodegradable hydrogels for selective capture and release of Mammalian cells. (2014)

This paper describes the fabrication of capture surfaces for the specific capture and selective release of rare mammalian cells using photodegradable poly(ethylene glyocol) (PEG) hydrogels in microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices have been shown to capture rare cells from complex fluids, such as blood, with better yield and purity than alternative methods. A current limitation to the use of microfluidic devices for the capture of rare cells is the inability to release cells from the capture surface. Recent methods developed to help improve on this downfall utilized bulk release of the entire capture surface including all the viable cells caught on the surface. The problems associated with this method are the lack of purity and the inability to mold complex geometries. By using photodegradable PEG hydrogels the ability to mold complex structures is introduced along with the selective release of rare cells via local UV exposure to increase the purity of the released cells. Herringbone patterned devices, designed to increase fluid mixing and capture area, have been fabricated from photodegradable PEG. These surfaces show high capture yield and purity while enabling specific release of target cells for diagnostic and prognostic applications.
Botulinum Toxin Type A and Divalproex Sodium for Prophylactic Treatment of Episodic or Chronic Migraine (2007)

Both BoNTA and DVPX significantly reduced disability associated with migraine; BoNTA had a favorable tolerability profile compared with DVPX.
The analysis of novel microRNA mimic sequences in cancer cells reveals lack of specificity in stem-loop RT-qPCR-based microRNA detection (2017)

The custom assays efficiently and specifically amplified the consensus mimics. However, we found that these assays gave a signal when total RNA from untransfected and control mimic-transfected cells were used as templates. Further investigation revealed that the reverse transcription step using stem-loop primers appeared to introduce substantial non-specific amplification with either total RNA or synthetic RNA templates. This suggests that reverse transcription using stem-loop primers suffers from an intrinsic lack of specificity for the detection of highly similar microRNAs in the same family, especially when analysing total RNA. These results suggest that RT-qPCR is unlikely to be an effective means to detect delivery of microRNA mimic-based drugs to tumour cells in patients.