gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Mitigation of Control Channel Jamming via Random Key Distribution (2007)

The use of distinct, dedicated communication channels to transmit data and control traffic introduces a single point of failure for a denial of service attack, in that an adversary may be able to jam control channel traffic and prevent relevant data traffic. Hence, it is of interest to design control channel access schemes which are resilient to jamming. We map the problem of providing resilient control channel access under jamming to that of secure communication channel establishment. We propose the use of random key distribution to hide the location of control channels in time and/or frequency. We evaluate performance metrics of resilience to control channel jamming, identification of compromised users, and delay due to jamming as a function of the number of compromised users.
Ockham's Razor and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): Are We Overlooking the Role of 5 -Reductase? (2007)

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of AR ligands that possess tissue-selective pharmacological activities. SARMs of various chemical structures have been discovered and characterized, and lead compounds with much improved specificity for AR, in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles, and higher degree of tissue selectivity have entered clinical development, and are expected to dramatically expand the clinical applications of androgens. With the rapid progress in SARM discovery and increasing demand for mechanism-based drug design, more and more research efforts have been devoted to the mechanisms of action of the observed tissue selectivity of SARMs. There is increasing enthusiasm in adapting the molecular mechanisms of action from SERM research to the SARM field; however, is the SARM story really so complicated? The tissue-specific expression of 5alpha-reductase might provide a simple explanation for this puzzle.
Antitumor Agents. 254. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Neo-tanshinlactone Analogues as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents (2006)

In our previous study, neo-tanshinlactone (1) showed potent and selective anti-breast cancer activity. To explore the SAR of 1, nine analogues (15-18, 24-28) were designed and synthesized. Together with 1 and tamoxifen (TAM), all newly synthesized compounds and some intermediates were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several human tumor cell lines. Compounds without a ring D did not show promising activity, while compounds with a methylated furan ring D showed better activity than those with unsubstituted furan or hydroxy-dihydrofuran rings. Among all newly synthesized compounds, compound 15 with an ethyl group at the 4-position showed the best activity and selectivity with ED50 values of 0.45 and 0.18 microg/mL against MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 (ER+) and 13.5 and 10.0 microg/mL against MDA MB-231 and HS 587-1 (ER-), respectively. Furthermore, 15 also showed potent activity against SK-BR-3 (ER-, HER2+) with an ED50 value of 0.10 microg/mL. Our preliminary SAR studies showed that a methylated furan ring D and the C-4 substituent in ring A are critical for anti-breast cancer activity. Further development of 1 and 15 as anti-breast cancer drug candidates is warranted.
Bi-Phasic Ag–In–Ga-Embedded Elastomer Inks for Digitally Printed, Ultra-Stretchable, Multi-layer Electronics (2021)

A bi-phasic ternary Ag-In-Ga ink that demonstrates high electrical conductivity, extreme stretchability, and low electromechanical gauge factor (GF) is introduced. Unlike popular liquid metal alloys such as eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), this ink is easily printable and nonsmearing and bonds strongly to a variety of substrates. Using this ink and a simple extrusion printer, the ability to perform direct writing of ultrathin, multi-layer circuits that are highly stretchable (max. strain >600%), have excellent conductivity (7.02 × 10<sup>5</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup>), and exhibit only a modest GF (0.9) related to the ratio of percent increase in trace resistance with mechanical strain is demonstrated. The ink is synthesized by mixing optimized quantities of EGaIn, Ag microflakes, and styrene-isoprene block copolymers, which functions as a hyperelastic binder. When compared to the same composite without EGaIn, the Ag-In-Ga ink shows over 1 order of magnitude larger conductivity, up to ∼27× lower GF, and ∼5× greater maximum stretchability. No significant change over the resistance of the ink was observed after 1000 strain cycles. Microscopic analysis shows that mixing EGaIn and Ag microflakes promotes the formation of AgIn<sub>2</sub> microparticles, resulting in a cohesive bi-phasic ink. The ink can be sintered at room temperature, making it compatible with many heat-sensitive substrates. Additionally, utilizing a simple commercial extrusion based printer, the ability to perform stencil-free, digital printing of multi-layer stretchable circuits over various substrates, including medical wound-dressing adhesives, is demonstrated for the first time.
Novel Megalo-Capacitance Capacitor Based on Graphitic Carbon Cathode (2006)

Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) using activated carbon as electrodes are practical electric energy storage devices for high power application. However, the common EDLC is limited by the low energy density (less than ). Here, we introduce a capacitor with much higher energy density (over ), in which graphitic carbon was chosen as the cathode instead of activated carbon. The cost of electrode material for capacitor can be reduced remarkably. The storage mechanism of anions at the graphitic carbon cathode is ascribed to a specific interaction between the anions and graphitic carbon.
Mitigating Inter-Cell Pilot Interference via Network-Based Greedy Sequence Selection and Exchange (2016)

We revisit the pilot contamination problem using the LTE pilot frame structure, and perform channel estimation in the time domain using Zadoff-Chu pilot sequences. Sequences in each cell occupy the same time slot, multiple subcarrier frequencies, and are orthogonal in time via properly chosen cyclic shifts. Sequences in multiple cells are chosen from a pool of non-orthogonal yet distinguishable sequences through their root indices. Exchanging root indices among cells allows a given cell to reconstruct sequences used in neighboring cells and to estimate interfering channels as the number of channel taps is usually limited, thus mitigating pilot contamination. Furthermore, we propose a greedy selection algorithm to find combinations of sequences that further reduce the channel estimation mean-square-error. The greedy algorithm exhibits increasing gains with increasing signal-to-noise-ratios and sequence lengths.
Quantum dot SOA/silicon external cavity multi-wavelength laser (2015)

We report a hybrid integrated external cavity, multi-wavelength laser for high-capacity data transmission operating near 1310 nm. This is the first demonstration of a single cavity multi-wavelength laser in silicon to our knowledge. The device consists of a quantum dot reflective semiconductor optical amplifier and a silicon-on-insulator chip with a Sagnac loop mirror and microring wavelength filter. We show four major lasing peaks from a single cavity with less than 3 dB power non-uniformity and demonstrate error-free 4 × 10 Gb/s data transmission.
A WDM-PON using Fabry-Perot lasers as upstream transmitters (2002)

Summary form only given. In order to reduce the initial cost of deploying a wavelength-division-multiplexed passive-optical network (WDM-PON) it has been proposed that broadband optical sources be used in the optical network unit (ONU). We demonstrate that Fabry-Perot lasers can be used as sources in a spectrally-sliced PON. Uncooled, unisolated lasers are less expensive than LED's and typically have over ten times the output power, which increases the potential transmission distance of a PON.
Protective Antibodies against Placental Malaria and Poor Outcomes during Pregnancy, Benin (2015)

Placental malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes that bind to placental tissue. Binding is mediated by VAR2CSA, a parasite antigen coded by the var gene, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Consequences include maternal anemia and fetal growth retardation. Antibody-mediated immunity to placental malaria is acquired during successive pregnancies, but the target of VAR2CSA-specific protective antibodies is unclear. We assessed VAR2CSA-specific antibodies in pregnant women and analyzed their relationships with protection against placental infection, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Antibody responses to the N-terminal region of VAR2CSA during early pregnancy were associated with reduced risks for infections and low birthweight. Among women infected during pregnancy, an increase in CSA binding inhibition was associated with reduced risks for placental infection, preterm birth, and low birthweight. These data suggest that antibodies against VAR2CSA N-terminal region mediate immunity to placental malaria and associated outcomes. Our results validate current vaccine development efforts with VAR2CSA N-terminal constructs.
Cashtags: protecting the input and display of sensitive data (2015)

Mobile computing is the new norm. As people feel increasingly comfortable computing in public places such as coffee shops and transportation hubs, the threat of exposing sensitive information increases. While solutions exist to guard the communication channels used by mobile devices, the visual channel remains largely open. Shoulder surfing is becoming a viable threat in a world where users are often surrounded by high-power cameras, and sensitive information can be extracted from images using only modest computing power. In response, we present Cashtags: a system to defend against attacks on mobile devices based on visual observations. The system allows users to safely access pieces of sensitive information in public by intercepting and replacing sensitive data elements with non-sensitive data elements before they are displayed on the screen. In addition, the system provides a means of computing with sensitive data in a non-observable way, while maintaining full functionality and legacy compatibility across applications. 1.
Optical Property of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic Crystallized under High Pressure (2006)

The optical property of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic, with a near-zero thermal expansion coefficient, crystallized under high pressure has been studied. A hydrostatic pressure of 196 MPa was applied by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique during the nucleation process and the crystal growth process. The temperature coefficient of the optical path length, 1/l•dS/dT, decreased by 0.6×10-6 K-1, because the temperature coefficient of the refractive index, dn/dT, was decreased by the HIP treatment. The decrease in dn/dT was ascribed to the suppression of the temperature coefficient of the molar polarizability, φ, of the glass-ceramic crystallized by the HIP treatment. It was concluded that the suppression of φ occurs in the crystalline phase during the HIP treatment, based on the fact that the reduced 1/l•dS/dT was maintained even after the relaxation of the densified structure in the glass phase upon thermal annealing. The decrease in the number of lattice defects in the crystalline phase was hypothesized to be a cause of the reduced φ.
Signaling Pathways Responsible for Fetal Gene Induction in the Failing Human Heart (2001)

We conclude that decreases in TR-alpha(1) and increases in TR-alpha(2) may lead to local attenuation of thyroid hormone signaling in the failing human heart and that the resulting tissue-specific hypothyroidism is a candidate for the molecular mechanism that induces fetal gene expression in the failing human ventricle.
Native Chemical Ligation of Hydrophobic Peptides in Lipid Bilayer Systems (2004)

The covalent modification of water-insoluble membrane polypeptides incorporated into lipid bilayers by native chemical ligation is described. The key feature of this strategy is the use of cubic lipidic phase (CLP) matrixes as reaction media. The CLP-matrix consists of a lipid bilayer into which hydrophobic polypeptides and folded membrane proteins can be inserted and two unbounded aqueous channels that give the aqueous phase access to both sides of an infinite lipid bilayer and thus ensure that modification of solvent-exposed sites is independent of the topology of membrane incorporation. The enzymatic removal of an N-terminal proteolytic cleavage sequence from the membrane polypeptide exposes an N-terminal cysteine residue. Subsequently, a C-terminal thioester peptide is joined to the N-terminus of the polypeptide by a native chemical ligation reaction. By use of this approach, incorporation of a variety of molecular tools, such as spectroscopic probes, unnatural amino acids, and molecular markers into membrane proteins that cannot be easily solubilized in detergent or denaturant solutions, may be achieved.
Azidoperfluoroalkanes: Synthesis and Application in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (2016)

Abstract We report an efficient and scalable synthesis of azidotrifluoromethane (CF 3 N 3 ) and longer perfluorocarbon‐chain analogues (R F N 3 ; R F =C 2 F 5 , n C 3 F 7 , n C 8 F 17 ), which enables the direct insertion of CF 3 and perfluoroalkyl groups into triazole ring systems. The azidoperfluoroalkanes show good reactivity with terminal alkynes in copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), giving access to rare and stable N ‐perfluoroalkyl triazoles. Azidoperfluoroalkanes are thermally stable and the efficiency of their preparation should be attractive for discovery programs.
A fast parametric motion estimation algorithm with illumination and lens distortion correction (2003)

Methods for estimating motion in video sequences that are based on the optical flow equation (OFE) assume that the scene illumination is uniform and that the imaging optics are ideal. When these assumptions are appropriate, these methods can be very accurate, but when they are not, the accuracy of the motion field drops off accordingly. This paper extends the models upon which the OFE methods are based to include irregular, time-varying illumination models and models for imperfect optics that introduce vignetting, gamma, and geometric warping, such as are likely to be found with inexpensive PC cameras. The resulting optimization framework estimates the motion parameters, illumination parameters, and camera parameters simultaneously. In some cases these models can lead to nonlinear equations which must be solved iteratively; in other cases, the resulting optimization problem is linear. For the former case an efficient, hierarchical, iterative framework is provided that can be used to implement the motion estimator.
Terahertz metamaterials for active, tunable, and dynamic devices (2007)

Tunable electromagnetic metamaterials can be designed through the incorporation of semiconducting materials. We present theory, simulation, and experimental results of metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies. Specific emphasis is placed on the demonstration of external control of planar arrays of metamaterials patterned on semiconducting substrates with terahertz time domain spectroscopy used to characterize device performance. Dynamical control is achieved via photoexcitation of free carriers in the substrate. Active control is achieved by creating a Schottkey diode, which enables modulation of THz Transmission by 50 percent, an order of magnitude improvement over existing devices. Because of the universality of metamaterial response over many decades of frequency, these results have implications for other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and will undoubtedly play a key role in future demonstrations of novel high-performance devices.
Color changing effects with anisotropic halftone prints on metal (2015)

We propose a color reproduction framework for creating specularly reflecting color images printed on a metallic substrate that change hue or chroma upon in-plane rotation by 90°. This framework is based on the anisotropic dot gain of line halftones when viewed under specular reflection. The proposed framework relies on a spectral prediction model specially conceived for predicting the color of non-rotated and of 90° in-plane rotated cross-halftones formed of superpositions of horizontal and vertical cyan, magenta and yellow line halftones. Desired non-rotated and rotated image colors are mapped onto the sub-gamut allowing for the desired hue or chroma shift and then, using a 6D correspondence table, converted to optimal cross-halftone ink surface coverages. The proposed recolorization and decolorization framework is especially effective for creating surprising effects such as image parts whose hues change, or gray regions that become colorful. It can be adapted to commercial printers capable of printing with cyan, magenta and yellow inks on substrates formed by an ink attracting polymer lying on top of a metallic film layer. Applications may include art, advertisement, exhibitions and document security.
Retrieval from spoken documents using content and speaker information (1999)

There has been a recent upsurge in the deployment of emerging technologies such as speech and speaker recognition which are reaching maturity. We discuss the details of the components required to build a system for audio indexing and retrieval for spoken documents using content and speaker based information facilitated by speech and speaker recognition. The real power of spoken document analysis is in using both content and speaker information together in retrieval by combining the results. The experiments described here are in the broadcast news domain, but the underlying techniques can easily be extended to other speech-centric applications and transactions.
The development of oral vaccines based on live attenuated<i>Salmonella</i>strains (1993)

Safe, live attenuated Salmonella strains can be produced by introducing defined non-reverting mutations into the chromosome. Such rationally attenuated strains have proved to be excellent oral vaccines in several animal species and can therefore be considered as candidate vaccines against invasive salmonellosis in both animals and man. A panel of attenuating lesions is now available from which it is possible to tailor the level of attenuation and hence produce strains with different immunogenic properties. Because of the spectrum of immune responses produced by such Salmonella vaccine strains they have been utilised extensively as vectors for delivering heterologous antigens to the mammalian immune system. We have focussed on the development of a single dose oral tetanus vaccine based on attenuated Salmonella strains expressing a non-toxic, immunogenic protein derived from tetanus toxin (fragment C). Several different expression systems have been used for fragment C and candidate vaccine strains have been constructed that are capable of protecting orally immunised mice against a lethal challenge with tetanus toxin. An oral tetanus vaccine may help to reduce the mortality rate from tetanus in the developing world by overcoming the problems associated with the implementation of vaccine programmes using the current parenteral vaccine.
An Unattended Gamma Monitor for the Determination of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) Using the Natural Ground Gamma Radiation (2008)

A custom γ radiation monitor, named “GMON” has been developed to accurately measure the snow water equivalent of the snow pack in order to predict the stream flow originating from snowmelt and also for hydrologic investigations. It is based on a 3 by 3 inches NaI(Tl) detector and newly developed electronics able to function at ambient temperatures ranging from −40°C to 45°C. The gain is firmware compensated for temperature over the full range. The GMON is designed for unattended operation in remote areas. It runs on solar power, is hermetically tight, and transmits its data over a modem or satellite link. The GMONs are equipped with a lead collimator, defining a 60° angle of view. The collimator and detector casing also shields partially the crystal against cosmic rays. The results of field tests with the apparatus compared with a multitude of snow cores taken simultaneously will be presented.
Towards Comprehensive Analysis of Protein Family Quantitative Stability–Flexibility Relationships Using Homology Models (2013)

The Distance Constraint Model (DCM) is a computational modeling scheme that uniquely integrates thermodynamic and mechanical descriptions of protein structure. As such, quantitative stability-flexibility relationships (QSFR) that describe the interrelationships of thermodynamics and mechanics can be quickly computed. Using comparative QSFR analyses, we have previously investigated these relationships across a small number of protein orthologs, ranging from two to a dozen [1, 2]. However, our ultimate goal is provide a comprehensive analysis of whole protein families, which requires consideration of many more structures. To that end, we have developed homology modeling and assessment protocols so that we can robustly calculate QSFR properties for proteins without experimentally derived structures. The approach, which is presented here, starts from a large ensemble of potential homology models and uses a clustering algorithm to identify the best models, thus paving the way for a comprehensive QSFR analysis across hundreds of proteins in a protein family.
Complete Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Ultrashort Optical Pulses using Two-Dimensional Shearing Interferometry (2002)

We will present a novel technology for the complete spatio-temporal characterization of the electric field of an ultrashort light pulse, using an implementation of shearing interferometry in the spectral and spatial directions.
Reflection space image based rendering (1999)

High quality, physically accurate rendering at interactive rates has widespread application, but is a daunting task. We attempt to bridge the gap between high-quality offline and interactive rendering by using existing environment mapping hardware in combination with a novel Image Based Rendering (IBR) algorithm. The primary contribution lies in performing IBR in reflection space. This method can be applied to ordinary environment maps, but for more physically accurate rendering, we apply reflection space IBR to radiance environment maps. A radiance environment map pre-integrates a Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF) with a lighting environment. Using the reflection-space IBR algorithm on radiance environment maps allows interactive rendering of arbitrary objects with a large class of complex BRDFs in arbitrary lighting environments. The ultimate simplicity of the final algorithm suggests that it will be widely and immediately valuable given the ready availability of hardware assisted environment mapping.
Settlement of Structures Supported on Marginal or Inadequate Soils Stiffened With Short Aggregate Piers (1994)

A short aggregate pier system, which was developed to provide an economical alternative to the overexcavation/replacement technique, has been used since 1988 to control settlement of structures located at sites with near-surface deposits consisting of marginal or inadequate soils. In this system, highly densified aggregate piers are incorporated within the marginal or inadequate soils, which results in a composite bearing material that is substantially stiffer than the unimproved soil, and on which shallow foundations can be supported with tolerable settlements. Three case histories are described in which the viability and effectiveness of the aggregate pier system in reducing settlements of shallow foundations bearing on the composite material are illustrated. Methods for analyzing and predicting settlements of footings supported on aggregate pier-reinforced soils are also discussed.