gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural rubber filled SiC and B <sub>4</sub> C ceramic composites as a new NTC thermistors and piezoresistive sensor materials (2007)

Abstract A novel electrically conductive composite for NTC thermistor and piezoresistive sensor was successfully fabricated by homogeneously dispersing conductive SiC and B 4 C in an insulating natural rubber (NR) matrix. The morphology of the composites was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, cross linking density ( n ), volume fraction of rubber ( V r ), and interparticle distance among conductive phases ( r p ). The influence of the filler concentrations on the mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity ( E ); hardness shore A ( H ), and elongation at break ( EB ) were studied in details. The dependences of volume resistivity of NR based composites filled with B 4 C and SiC as a function of fillers concentration was investigated. Temperature dependencies of volume resistivity were also measured to examine the possible application of the composites to polymer linear negative temperature (NTC) thermistors. Furthermore, the temperature dependencies of dielectric constant of the composites were studied. For practical application, the thermal stability of the composites was examined by means of resistivity temperature and pressure hysteresis cycle. In parallel, the conduction mechanism of conductivity of the composites was interpreted in terms of the computed the activation and hopping energy. The applicability of the composites to piezoresistive sensor was examined too. The good mechanical properties and thermal stability of NR composites behavior can be utilized for fabricating various electronic devices as NTC thermistors and piezoresistive sensor (i.e. transducers in pressure sensors). POLYM. COMPOS., 29:109–118, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tuning Reactivity and Selectivity for Olefin Oxidation through Local O Bonding on Au (2009)

Abstract The reactivity and selectivity for the oxidation of propene and acrolein on oxidized Au nanoparticles on Au(111) depend on the local bonding, the particle size, and the degree of order. The local bonding of O and the particle size distribution and order are controlled by the rate and temperature for oxygen deposition using ozone, which forms O‐containing gold particles on the surface. On small, disordered particles, oxygen is bound in sites with local threefold coordination, based on measured vibrational energies. The O on these small disordered nanoclusters, formed by O 3 decomposition on Au(111) at 200 K, is highly reactive and yields partial oxidation products of propene, for example, acrolein and acrylic acid. In contrast, atomic oxygen present in ordered 2D islands formed at 400 K is relatively unreactive and only produces CO 2 and H 2 O. All pathways involve initial CH activation. These results indicate that local bonding of O is an important factor to consider in understanding the effect of particle size in gold‐based catalysis involving hydrocarbons.
Dual-path RNN: efficient long sequence modeling for time-domain single-channel speech separation (2019)

Recent studies in deep learning-based speech separation have proven the superiority of time-domain approaches to conventional time-frequency-based methods. Unlike the time-frequency domain approaches, the time-domain separation systems often receive input sequences consisting of a huge number of time steps, which introduces challenges for modeling extremely long sequences. Conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are not effective for modeling such long sequences due to optimization difficulties, while one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1-D CNNs) cannot perform utterance-level sequence modeling when its receptive field is smaller than the sequence length. In this paper, we propose dual-path recurrent neural network (DPRNN), a simple yet effective method for organizing RNN layers in a deep structure to model extremely long sequences. DPRNN splits the long sequential input into smaller chunks and applies intra- and inter-chunk operations iteratively, where the input length can be made proportional to the square root of the original sequence length in each operation. Experiments show that by replacing 1-D CNN with DPRNN and apply sample-level modeling in the time-domain audio separation network (TasNet), a new state-of-the-art performance on WSJ0-2mix is achieved with a 20 times smaller model than the previous best system.
User identification for convolutionally/turbo-coded systems and its applications (2003)

Motivated by the observation that in some applications, it is highly desirable for the physical layer itself to have a user-identification feature instead of obtaining user identity from the media access control layer, we propose a method to give a convolutionally or turbo-coded system an identity. The user-identification algorithm embeds a periodic identification sequence into the convolutionally coded data sequence in the transmitter, and detects and removes the identification sequence with the assistance from the forward error-correction decoder in the receiver. It does not consume extra transmission bandwidth by tailoring the identification sequences to the codes.
A New Manufacturing Information System (2006)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Pacemaker neurons of the forebrain medical septal area and theta rhythm of the hippocampus. (1998)

The hippocampus is of critical importance for the organization of selective attention and memory. The activity of its neurons is rhythmically modulated by the direct afferent input from cholinergic and GABAergic neurons of the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of diagonal band (MS-DB). This modulation is expressed in the hippocampal electroencephalogram as a slow (4-9 Hz) sinusoidal theta rhythm. The paper presents a short review of the authors' data on the properties of MS-DB cells, their interactions in organizing the theta expression in the hippocampus, and the probable functional significance of this rhythm. Extracellular recordings of neural activity of the MS-DB and hippocampus were performed in chronic alert rabbits with transection of various afferent pathways, in brain slices, and in the embryonic tissue grafts developing in the anterior eye chamber and brain. Theta modulation disappeared in all structures deprived of the MS-DB afferent connections, but was retained by MS-DB neurons under isolation conditions. A limited group of MS-DB neurons (6-8%) discharge in regular bursts after complete synaptic blockade in high Mg(2+)-low Ca2+ medium, while other neurons in these conditions exhibited the highly regular single-spike activity. Thus, the MS-DB neurons can be regarded as bursting and regular pacemakers. The frequency of bursts and the number of neurons involved in the rhythmic activity are in parallel increased by afferent stimulation-either natural (sensory stimuli) or imitated by electrical stimulation of ascending reticular formation. An increase in the number of MS-DB neurons secondarily involved in theta bursts with the resulting expression of theta rhythm in EEG can be also obtained by up-regulation of endogenous acetylcholine (by physostigmine), but in this case the frequency of theta is not changed. The MS-DB neurons contain acetylcholine and GABA as neurotransmitters. Analysis of the effects of their agonists and antagonists suggests that the frequency of theta depends on the GABAergic mechanism, while its power is controlled by cholinergic influences. In the control state, input signals triggered in the hippocampal neurons an inhibitory reset followed by synchronous theta modulation, gradually habituating during repeated presentations of the stimulus. Against the background of continuous theta evoked by physostigmine, the responses were blocked or significantly depressed, while after theta suppression by scopolamine the efficacy of the stimuli was increased, and habituation was absent. It is suggested that the theta rhythm operates as a selective filter: it augments and prolongs the input signal by which it was triggered and simultaneously protects it from the interference of extraneous stimuli appearing during its processing and registration. The theta rhythm may be regarded as an important mechanism of selective attention, which is a prerequisite for memory trace formation.
Super-resolution video enhancment based on a constrained set of motion vectors (2005)

Modern video surveillance and target tracking applications utilize multiple cameras transmitting low-bit-rate video through channels of very limited bandwidth. The highly compressed video exhibits coding artifacts that can cause target detection and tracking procedures to fail. Thus, to lower the level of noise and retain the sharpness of the video frames, super-resolution techniques can be employed for video enhancement. In this paper, we propose an efficient super-resolution video enhancement scheme that is based on a constrained set of motion vectors. The proposed scheme computes the motion vectors using the original (uncompressed) video frames, and transmits only a small set of these vectors to the receiver. At the receiver, each pixel is assigned a motion vector from the constrained set to maximize the motion prediction performance. The size of the transmitted vector set is constrained to be less than 3% of the total coded bit stream. In the video enhancement process, an L2-norm minimization super-resolution procedure is applied. The proposed scheme is applied to enhance highly compressed, real-world video sequences. The results obtained show significant improvement in the visual quality of the video sequences, as well as in the performance of subsequent target detection and tracking procedures.
Identification of exosomal and non‑exosomal microRNAs associated with the drug resistance of ovarian cancer (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve important roles in drug‑resistance; however, exosomal miRNAs associated with drug‑resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) have not been reported to date. The current study aimed to analyze the drug resistance‑associated exosomal miRNAs in original OC cells and their derived exosomes using microarray data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (series GSE76449). The chemosensitive OC cell lines SKOV3_ip1, A2780_PAR and HEYA8, as well as the chemoresistant cell lines SKOV3_TR, A2780_CP20 and HEYA8_MDR, were investigated. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE‑miRNAs) were identified using the limma method, and their mRNA targets were predicted using the miRWalk and LinkedOmics database. Functions of target genes were analyzed with DAVID tool, while TCGA data were used to explore the survival association of identified miRNAs. According to the results, 28 DE‑miRNAs were found to be common in exosomal and original samples of A2780_CP20 cells, among which the functions of 5 miRNAs were predicted (including miR‑146b‑5p, miR‑509‑5p, miR‑574‑3p, miR‑574‑5p and miR‑760). In addition, 16 and 35 DE‑miRNAs were detected for HEYA8_MDR and SKOV3_TR, respectively, with the functions of 4 of these miRNAs predicted for each cell line (HEYA8_MDR: miR‑30a‑3p, miR‑30a‑5p, miR‑612 and miR‑617; SKOV3_TR: miR‑193a‑5p, miR‑423‑3p, miR‑769‑5p and miR‑922). It was also reported that miR‑183‑5p was the only one common miRNA among the three cell lines. Furthermore, miR‑574‑3p, miR‑30a‑5p and miR‑922 may regulate CUL2 to mediate HIF‑1 cancer signaling pathway, while miR‑183‑5p may modulate MECP2, similar to miR‑760, miR‑30a‑5p and miR‑922, to influence cell proliferation. Finally, the downregulated miR‑612 may promote the expression of TEAD3 via the Hippo signaling pathway, and this miRNA was associated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested several underlying miRNA targets for improving the chemotherapy sensitivity of OC.
Scaling Effects in Highly Scaled Commercial Nonvolatile Flash Memories (2012)

SEE measurements and TID response for 25 nm Micron Technology NAND flash memories are reported. Radiation results of MLC 64 Gb parts are compared with results from SLC 32 Gb parts. Also, scaling effects on SEE and TID are discussed.
Acute Allergic Skin Reactions and Intestinal Contractility Changes in Mice Orally Sensitized against Casein or Whey (2008)

Mice, orally sensitized against casein or whey, revealed an allergen-specific acute allergic skin reaction. In casein-sensitized mice, hypocontractility of the colon reflected pathophysiological changes within the intestine. Allergen-induced ear swelling and intestinal contractility changes are novel parameters in animal models of CMA which may add to the search for new therapeutic strategies to relieve symptoms of CMA.
Numerical Analysis on Melting and Solidification of Pure Metals with Enthalpy-Porosity Model (2002)

A finite volume numerical approach is developed and used to simulate convection-dominated melting and solidification problems. The present approach is based on the enthalpy-porosity method that is traditionally used to track the motion of the liquid-solid front and to obtain the temperature and velocity profiles in the liquid-phase. The enthalpy-porosity model treats the solid-phase as the porosity in all computational cells that are located on the solid-liquid interfacial boundary. Concerning the computational cells that are fully located in the solid side of the interfacial boundary, the zero value of the porosity severely suppresses the velocity vector to practically a non-existent value that could be set equal to zero. A comparative analysis with the previous numerical approaches is performed to demonstrate the improved features of the presented model. Results of a melting and solidification experiments are also used to assess and evaluate the performance of the model.
Removal of Arsenic by Alumina: Effects of Material Size, Additives, and Water Contaminants (2016)

Effects of some characteristics of alumina as material adsorbent on arsenic removal from water are presented. In particular, the effect of the alumina particle size has been firstly experimentally observed, then studied by means of a diffusive model. The effects of pH and other contaminants in the aqueous solution have been also measured. Finally, an improvement of the arsenic adsorption performances has been attempted by using a TiO 2 coating of commercial alumina. The characterization of alumina in the different forms has been done by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific area measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetics and equilibrium experiments of arsenic(V) removal by the adsorbent materials were studied in a batch mode. The alumina particulate size showed to play a key role in the adsorption process. In fact, among the tested adsorbent types, that material with the lowest particle size ( i.e ., 20 μm) showed the maximum arsenic(V) uptake capacity, which was slightly <20 mg/g as calculated according to the Langmuir isotherm. The competitive anions, such as phosphate and silica, negatively affected the adsorption process determining a lower maximum uptake capacity of arsenic(V), whereas sulfate ions had a moderate positive effect within the typical groundwater arsenic concentration range. All the tested materials demonstrated to be capable of reducing the arsenic concentration below 10 µg/L, which is the limit to be respected by drinking water according to the World Health Organization recommendations.
Impaired classical eyeblink conditioning in cerebellar-lesioned and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice. (1996)

Converging lines of evidence from rabbits, rats, and humans argue for the crucial involvement of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of the eyeblink/nictitating membrane response in mammals. For example, selective lesions (permanent or reversible) of the cerebellum block both acquisition and retention of eyeblink conditioning. Correspondingly, electrophysiological and brain-imaging studies indicate learning-related plasticity in the cerebellum. The involvement of the cerebellum in eyeblink conditioning is also supported by stimulation studies showing that direct stimulation of the two major afferents to the cerebellum (the mossy fibers emanating from the pontine nucleus and climbing fibers originating from the inferior olive) can substitute for the peripheral conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), respectively, to yield normal behavioral learning. In the present study, we examined the relative contribution of the cerebellar cortex versus deep nuclei (specifically the interpositus nucleus) in eyeblink learning by using mutant mice deficient of Purkinje cells, the exclusive output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. We report that Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice exhibit a profound impairment in the acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning in comparison with their wild-type littermates. Nevertheless, the pcd animals did acquire a subnormal level of conditioned eyeblink responses. In contrast, wild-type mice with lesions of the interpositus nucleus were completely unable to learn the conditioned eyeblink response. These results suggest that both cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei are important for normal eyeblink conditioning.
Robust optical FFH-CDMA communications: coding in place of frequency and temperature controls (1999)

In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), transmitters require stringent and complex frequency control loops to avoid wavelength drifts due to temperature fluctuations. This makes the transmitters heavy, bulky, and inappropriate for local- and short-haul communications networks, as well as for manufacturing locales and other open areas where temperature control is not feasible. We propose and analyze a technique we call robust fast frequency hopping code division multiple access (FFH-CDMA), particularly suitable for severe, hostile, noncontrollable environments. This approach avoids all conditioning and frequency stabilization loops in the transmission end. We develop a modified version of extended hyperbolic congruence codes to achieve environment-resistant codes. We present expressions for the auto- and cross-correlation functions for optical implementation of the codes. We simulate the encoding/decoding operations with parameters from real Bragg gratings. We evaluate probability of error for a single user and as an average over all users versus capacity (the number of simultaneous users). Robust FFH-CDMA is an efficient access technique for hostile environments. It avoids the frequency and temperature control problems of WDM and nonrobust FFH-CDMA at the cost of lower overall capacity in terms of number of simultaneous users.
Dominant role of tunneling resistance in the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube–based composites (2007)

The effect of nanotube/nanotube contact resistance on the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube–based nanocomposites is studied. The tunneling resistance due to an insulating film of matrix material between crossing nanotubes is calculated by assuming a rectangular potential barrier in the insulating film. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the tunneling resistance plays a dominant role in the electrical conductivity of composites, and the maximum tunneling distance is found to be about 1.8nm. Electrical conductivities of composites with inplane random distributions of carbon nanotubes follow the scaling law and the critical exponent depends on the level of contact resistance.
PEG-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles exclusively target cancer cells (2011)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been proposed as DNA and drug delivery carriers, as well as efficient tools for fluorescent cell tracking. The major limitation is that MSNs enter cells regardless of a target-specific functionalization. Here we show that non functionalized MSNs, synthesized using a PEG surfactant-based interfacial synthesis procedure, do not enter cells, while a highly specific, receptor mediated, cellular internalization of folic acid (FOL) grafted MSNs (MSN-FOL), occurs exclusively in folate receptor (FR) expressing cells. Neither the classical clathrin pathway nor macropinocytosis is involved in the MSN endocytic process, while fluorescent MSNs (MSN-FITC) enter cells through aspecific, caveolae-mediated, endocytosis. Moreover, internalized particles seem to be mostly exocytosed from cells within 96 h. Finally, cisplatin (Cp) loaded MSN-FOL were tested on cancerous FR-positive (HeLa) or normal FR-negative (HEK293) cells. A strong growth arrest was observed only in HeLa cells treated with MSN-FOL-Cp. The results presented here show that our mesoporous nanoparticles do not enter cells unless opportunely functionalized, suggesting that they could represent a promising vehicle for drug targeting applications.
Sperm DNA quality predicts intrauterine insemination outcome: a prospective cohort study (2002)

The number of follicles, age of the woman/man and sperm DNA quality may predict IUI outcome.
Query Formulation in Web Information Search. (2003)

Query formulation is an essential part of successful information retrieval. The challenges in formulating effective queries are emphasized in web information search, because the web is used by a diverse population varying in their levels of expertise. In this paper, the factors affecting query formulation in web information search were studied. The data was collected via a questionnaire (32 participants, each formulated 20 queries). The results of the study suggested that experience in using computers, web, and web search engines affect the query formulation process. Surprisingly, domain expertise did not have an effect on the query formulation. Generally, experienced users formulated longer and more specific queries whereas the queries of users with less experience consisted of fewer and more generic terms. Based on the previous studies concerning query formulation and the results from the questionnaire study, three main factors affecting query formulation are suggested: 1. Media expertise, 2. Domain expertise, and 3. Type of search. These factors should be taken into account when studying and designing information search systems.
A new viewpoint on two-level logic minimization (1993)

This paper presents a new 2-level logic minimization procedure. It consists of computing in an implicit way the cyclic core of the Boolean function f to be minimized. This computation is done through original transformations of sets covering problems that take full advantage of the metaproduct based implicit set of products manipulations. The computational cost of this new procedure is independent of the number of minterms of the function f and of its number of prime implicants, which allows us to treat functions for which these numbers are so large that it has never been possible to perform a 2-level minimization. This method is, as far as we know, the first one that is able to produce the cyclic cores of all the functions of the MCNC benchmark.