gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tendons, concentric tubes, and a bevel tip: Three steerable robots in one transoral lung access system (2015)

Lung cancer is the most deadly form of cancer, and survival depends on early-stage diagnosis and treatment. Transoral access is preferable to traditional between-the-ribs needle insertion because it is less invasive and reduces risk of lung collapse. Yet many sites in the peripheral zones of the lung or distant from the bronchi cannot currently be accessed transorally, due to the relatively large diameter and lack of sufficient steerablity of current instrumentation. To remedy this, we propose a new robotic system that uses a tendon-actuated device (bronchoscope) as a first stage for deploying a concentric tube robot, which itself is a vehicle through which a bevel steered needle can be introduced into the soft tissue of the lung outside the bronchi. In this paper we present the various components of the system and the workflow we envision for deploying the robot to a target using image guidance. We describe initial validation experiments in which we puncture ex vivo bronchial wall tissue and also target a nodule in a phantom with an average final tip error of 0.72 mm.
<title>Solution to the next best view problem for automated CAD model acquisiton of free-form objects using range cameras</title> (1995)

To acquire the complete surface description of a nontrivial object using range cameras several range images from different viewpoints are needed. We present a complete system to automatically acquire a surface model of an arbitrary part and outline the constraints this system places on a solution to the problem of where to position the range camera to take the next range image, i.e. the next best view (NBV) problem. We present a solution which uses no a-priori knowledge about the part and which addresses the most crucial of these constraints which is that each new range image must contain range data of part of the object's surface already scanned so that it can be registered with the previously taken range images. A novel representation, positional space, is presented which is capable of representing both those hypothetical sampling directions which could scan the unseen portions of the viewing volume and those which could rescan parts of the object. In addition, positional space makes explicit the actual sampling directions available given a particular range camera and the set of relative motions possible between it and the object. A solution of the NBV problem is achieved by aligning the positional space representation of the range camera with the positional space representations of the scanned portions of the object and the unseen portions of the viewing volume using simple translations. Since complex motions of the range camera in its workspace are represented by translations in positional space the search for the next best view is computationally inexpensive. No assumptions are made about the geometry or topology of the object being scanned. Occlusions and impossible sensing configurations are easily addressed within this framework. The algorithm is complete in the sense that all surfaces that can be scanned will be scanned. In addition, confidence values for range samples can be used to instruct the algorithm to position the range camera so that all surfaces of the object are scanned with at least a minimum confidence wherever possible. The algorithm can determined when all scannable surfaces have been sampled and can be used with any range camera provided a model of its exists. The algorithm can also accommodate nearly any set of relative motions possible between the range camera and the object.
Clustered minority pixel error diffusion (2003)

We present a clustered minority pixel error diffusion halftoning algorithm for which the quantizer threshold is modified based on the past output and a dot activation map. Dot size, dot shape, and dot distribution are more controllable, compared with other clustered dot halftone algorithms such as R. Levien's algorithm (see IS&T 8th Int. Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies, p.280-2, 1992). This method also effectively reduces structured worm-like artifacts in midtones that occur in Levien's algorithm. The dot distribution is further improved by using different error diffusion weights for different input gray levels.
Biased agonism of protease-activated receptor 1 by activated protein C caused by noncanonical cleavage at Arg46 (2012)

Activated protein C (APC) exerts endothelial cytoprotective actions that require protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), whereas thrombin acting via PAR1 causes endothelial disruptive, proinflammatory actions. APC's activities, but not thrombin's, require PAR1 located in caveolae. PAR1 is a biased 7-transmembrane receptor because G proteins mediate thrombin's signaling, whereas β-arrestin 2 mediates APC's signaling. Here we elucidate novel mechanisms for APC's initiation of signaling. Biochemical studies of APC's protease specificity showed that APC cleaved PAR1 sequences at both Arg41 and Arg46. That PAR1 cleavage at Arg46 can occur on cells was supported by APC's cleavage of N-terminal-SEAP-tagged R41Q-PAR1 but not R41Q/R46Q-PAR1 mutants transfected into cells and by anti-PAR1 epitope mapping of APC-treated endothelial cells. A synthetic peptide composing PAR1 residues 47-66, TR47, stimulated protective signaling in endothelial cells as reflected in Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activation, and barrier stabilization effects. In mice, the TR47 peptide reduced VEGF-induced vascular leakage. These in vitro and in vivo data imply that the novel PAR1 N-terminus beginning at residue Asn47, which is generated by APC cleavage at Arg46, mediates APC's cytoprotective signaling and that this unique APC-generated N-terminal peptide tail is a novel biased agonist for PAR1.
A multilayer scaffold design with spatial arrangement of cells to modulate esophageal tissue growth (2018)

Esophageal diseases may require resectioning of the damaged portion. The current standard of care requires the replacement of the esophagus with the stomach or the intestine. Such procedures have high rates of mortality and morbidity; therefore, the use of alternative conduits is needed. A tissue engineering approach that allows for the regeneration of esophageal tissues would have significant clinical application. A cell-seeded synthetic scaffold could replace the resected part of the esophagus and elicit tissue regrowth. In order to ideally recreate a functioning esophagus, its two crucial tissue layers should be induced: an epithelium on the luminal surface and a muscle layer on the exterior surface. To create a bioengineered esophagus with both tissue layers, a multilayer (ML) tubular scaffold design was considered. Luminal and exterior layers were electrospun with broad pore size to promote penetration and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells on the lumen and smooth muscle cells on the external. These two layers would be separated by a thin layer with substantially narrower pore size intended to act as a barrier for the two cell types. This ML scaffold design was achieved via electrospinning by tuning the solution and the process parameters. Analysis of the scaffold demonstrated that this tuning enabled the production of three integrated layers with distinguishable microstructures and good mechanical integrity. In vitro validation was conducted on the separated unilayer components of the ML scaffold. The resultant proof-of-concept ML scaffold design could possibly support the spatial arrangement of cells needed to promote esophageal tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 324-331, 2019.
CD64/Fc gamma RI is a granulo-monocytic lineage marker on CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (1995)

The aim of this study was to identify markers specific for granulo-monocytic commitment of progenitor cells. Large panels of antibodies were screened for selective staining of subsets of CD34+ cells from fetal and adult bone marrow. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD64/fc gamma RI was undetectable on noncommitted progenitor cells (CD34++, CD38-/lo, HLA-DR+) and expressed on a subset of lineage-committed progenitors (CD34+, CD38+) with higher mean orthogonal light scatter than the remaining CD34+ cells. The CD34+, CD64+ cells were CD19- and the majority were CD45RA+, CD71lo, suggesting that CD64 recognized granulomonocytic progenitor cells. Specificity of CD64 for the granulo-monocytic lineage was shown by demonstrating that colonies arising from CD34+, CD64+ cells consisted of 98% +/- 2% colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in semisolid medium containing stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO). In contrast, 63% +/- 15% of the colonies from the CD34+, CD64- cells were burst-forming unit-erythroid/colony-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E/CFU-E). Furthermore, four-color immunofluourescence and cell sorting was used to analyze the progeny of cells cultured in liquid medium containing identical cytokines as used in the semisolid medium. This analysis showed that CD34+, CD64+ cells gave rise to 83% +/- 10% granulo-monocytic cells whereas progeny of the CD34+, CD64- cells contained 81% +/- 11% erythroid cells. Neutrophils as well as basophils and monocytes/macrophages were present in the cultures from CD34+, CD64+ cells, showing that this population contains progenitors of most types of granulo-monocytic cells. Two widely used myeloid markers, CD13 and CD33, were not myeloid-specific, because both were clearly positive on noncommitted progenitor cells. Of 40 antigens tested, CD15 was the only other marker fulfilling the criteria of a myeloid-specific marker. However, at concentrations of CD15 that did not induce aggregation, CD15+ cells constituted less than 50% of the CD34+, CD64+ cells. Furthermore, the CD34+, CD15- cells showed more than 50% higher CD34 mean fluorescence intensity than the CD64+, CD15+ cells, indicating that CD64 appears earlier than CD15 during differentiation. Thus, among a large number of antigens screened, CD64 was the most useful for the identification and purification of granulo-monocytic progenitor cells.
Developing bright and color-saturated quantum dot light emitting diodes towards next generation displays and solid state lighting (2008)

We report in this conference of our recently developed red, orange, yellow, green and blue Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (Qdot-LEDs)-LEDs with high brightness, high efficiency, saturated color and long lifetime.
Automatic observation of the dry line in paper machine (1996)

Optoelectronic camera is used to record under specified illumination images of the dry line region on the wire of a paper machine. The image signals are transmitted to the computer for extraction and display of dry line data. The method has been implemented on industrial paper machines in two versions. The dry line data obtained are correlated with properties of the final product and can therefore be used for automatic control of the paper machine.
Reversing the Conventional Leather Processing Sequence for Cleaner Leather Production (2005)

Conventional leather processing generally involves a combination of single and multistep processes that employs as well as expels various biological, inorganic, and organic materials. It involves nearly 14-15 steps and discharges a huge amount of pollutants. This is primarily due to the fact that conventional leather processing employs a "do-undo" process logic. In this study, the conventional leather processing steps have been reversed to overcome the problems associated with the conventional method. The charges of the skin matrix and of the chemicals and pH profiles of the process have been judiciously used for reversing the process steps. This reversed process eventually avoids several acidification and basification/neutralization steps used in conventional leather processing. The developed process has been validated through various analyses such as chromium content, shrinkage temperature, softness measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and physical testing of the leathers. Further, the performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through bulk property evaluation. The process enjoys a significant reduction in COD and TS by 53 and 79%, respectively. Water consumption and discharge is reduced by 65 and 64%, respectively. Also, the process benefits from significant reduction in chemicals, time, power, and cost compared to the conventional process.
A Highly Efficient Ruthenium Catalyst for Metathesis Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Bipolar-Enhanced Tunneling FET With Simulated High On-Current (2012)

We propose and simulate a new device combining a tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) with a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The carriers generated in the tunneling junction are used as base current to drive the HBT and obtain a high bipolar current. Owing to the sharp switching of the TFET and high HBT current gain, the CMOS-compatible Si/Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> device shows a subthreshold swing of <; 60 mV/ dec over seven decades of current, a high ON current, and scaling capability down to 10 nm.
A Machine‐Learning Approach to the Detection of Fetal Hypoxia during Labor and Delivery (2012)

Labor monitoring is crucial in modern health care, as it can be used to detect (and help avoid) significant problems with the fetus. In this article we focus on detecting hypoxia (or oxygen deprivation), a very serious condition that can arise from different pathologies and can lead to lifelong disability and death. We present a novel approach to hypoxia detection based on recordings of the uterine pressure and fetal heart rate, which are obtained using standard labor monitoring devices. The key idea is to learn models of the fetal response to signals from its environment. Then, we use the parameters of these models as attributes in a binary classification problem. A running count of pathological classifications over several time periods is taken to provide the current label for the fetus. We use a unique database of real clinical recordings, both from normal and pathological cases. Our approach classifies correctly more than half the pathological cases, 1.5 hours before delivery. These are cases that were missed by clinicians; early detection of this type would have allowed the physician to perform a Cesarean section, possibly avoiding the negative outcome.
Yb(3+):BaCaBO3F: A potential new self-frequency-doubling laser material (1995)

Yb:BaCaBO3F (Yb:BCBF) has been investigated as a new laser crystal with potential for self-frequency-doubling. An Yb:BCBF laser has been pumped at 912 nm, and a measured slope efficiency of 38% has been obtained for the fundamental laser output at 1034 nm. Single crystal powders of BCBF have been compared with KD*P for a relative measure of the second harmonic generating potential, yielding deff[BCBF]=(0.66)deff[KD*P]. The growth, spectroscopy, laser performance, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Yb:BCBF are reported here.
Antibody Recognition and Neutralization Determinants on Domains I and II of West Nile Virus Envelope Protein (2006)

Previous studies have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against an epitope on the lateral surface of domain III (DIII) of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope (E) strongly protect against infection in animals. Herein, we observed significantly less efficient neutralization by 89 MAbs that recognized domain I (DI) or II (DII) of WNV E protein. Moreover, in cells expressing Fc gamma receptors, many of the DI- and DII-specific MAbs enhanced infection over a broad range of concentrations. Using yeast surface display of E protein variants, we identified 25 E protein residues to be critical for recognition by DI- or DII-specific neutralizing MAbs. These residues cluster into six novel and one previously characterized epitope located on the lateral ridge of DI, the linker region between DI and DIII, the hinge interface between DI and DII, and the lateral ridge, central interface, dimer interface, and fusion loop of DII. Approximately 45% of DI-DII-specific MAbs showed reduced binding with mutations in the highly conserved fusion loop in DII: 85% of these (34 of 40) cross-reacted with the distantly related dengue virus (DENV). In contrast, MAbs that bound the other neutralizing epitopes in DI and DII showed no apparent cross-reactivity with DENV E protein. Surprisingly, several of the neutralizing epitopes were located in solvent-inaccessible positions in the context of the available pseudoatomic model of WNV. Nonetheless, DI and DII MAbs protect against WNV infection in mice, albeit with lower efficiency than DIII-specific neutralizing MAbs.
Recurrent papillomas of the nipple associated with human papillomavirus 41 (1990)

A case is described of a man with multiple papillomas on the nipple that resembled clinically and histologically condylomata acuminata. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 41 DNA sequences were detected in the biopsy material. There was no evidence of any immunodeficiency.
LIRA (2015)

Running multiple parallel programs on multi-socket multi-core machines using commodity hardware is increasingly common for data analytics and cluster workloads. These workloads exhibit bursty behavior and are rarely tuned to specific hardware. This leads to poor performance due to suboptimal decisions, such as poor choices for which programs run on the same socket. Consequently, there is a renewed importance for schedulers to consider the structure of the machine alongside the dynamic behavior of workloads.
Pituitary FSH Is Released by a Heterodimer of the β-Subunits from the Two Forms of Inhibin (1987)

LING, NICHOLAS; YING, SHAO-YAO; UENO, NAOTO; SHIMASAKI, SHUNICHI; ESCH, FREDERICK; HOTTA, MARI; GUILLEMIN, ROGER Author Information
PATH45 Cytoskeletal and inflammatory protein biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2010)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease with a typical duration of 2–5 years. Firm diagnosis is essential to intervene with disease-modifying therapies at an early stage of disease. Cytoskeletal modification and inflammation are known to occur during the pathogenesis of ALS. We measured levels of cytoskeletal proteins and inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS cases, disease controls and healthy subjects. We determined threshold values for each protein that provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity within a training set, as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Interestingly, the optimal diagnostic was a ratio of the levels of two proteins. We next applied this test to a second set of CSF samples collected from a separate medical centre to verify our results. Overall, the predictive rule identified ALS with 87.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in a total of 71 ALS subjects, 52 disease control subjects and 40 healthy control subjects. In addition, the level of one protein correlated with survival of ALS patients. We were unable to replicate these findings using plasma obtained from the same subjects. These findings support large-scale prospective biomarker studies to determine the clinical utility of diagnostic and prognostic signatures in ALS.
Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) in Brain-Computer Interface (2008)

In motor imagery-based Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), discriminative patterns can be extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG) using the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm. However, the performance of this spatial filter depends on the operational frequency band of the EEG. Thus, setting a broad frequency range, or manually selecting a subject-specific frequency range, are commonly used with the CSP algorithm. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) to perform autonomous selection of key temporal-spatial discriminative EEG characteristics. After the EEG measurements have been bandpass-filtered into multiple frequency bands, CSP features are extracted from each of these bands. A feature selection algorithm is then used to automatically select discriminative pairs of frequency bands and corresponding CSP features. A classification algorithm is subsequently used to classify the CSP features. A study is conducted to assess the performance of a selection of feature selection and classification algorithms for use with the FBCSP. Extensive experimental results are presented on a publicly available dataset as well as data collected from healthy subjects and unilaterally paralyzed stroke patients. The results show that FBCSP, using a particular combination feature selection and classification algorithm, yields relatively higher cross-validation accuracies compared to prevailing approaches.
Comparison of 5-Hydroxy-2, 3-Dihydrophthalazine-1, 4-Dione and Luminol as Co-Substrates for Detection of Horseradish Peroxidase in Enhanced Chemiluminescent Reactions (1996)

The utility of 5-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydrophthalazine-1, 4-dione (HDP) as a co-substrate for the chemiluminescent detection of horseradish peroxidase was assessed. Several substituted aryl boronic acid derivatives (4-phenyl, 4-iodo) acted as potent enhancers of the peroxidase catalyzed reaction. Addition of chelating agents (EDTA) and surfactants (Tween-20 and [poly (vinylbenzyl)tributylphosphonium chloride-poly (vinylbenzyl) trioctylphosphonium chloride copolymer]) modulated background light emission and the intensity and duration of the signal from both HDP and luminol. However, HDP was found to be inferior to luminol in the peroxidase assay. Comparative studies revealed that at 500 amol of peroxidase the S/B was ten-fold higher using a commercial luminol-based signal reagent as compared with an HDP-EDTA-Tween-20 reagent (S/B t = 0 min 21.8 vs 1.7, S/B t = 10 min 17.8 vs 2.0).
Random Signal Flaw Detection (1974)

Abstract : This report describes four areas of work. In the first area random signal beam forming techniques are developed which make it possible to transmit several independent beams from a phased array using the same number of incoherent noise sources. Following this ultrasound beam scanning techniques are demonstrated in which random signal correlation systems and RF correlation systems using quadrature phase techniques are used in methods for scanning the intensity profile of ultrasound transducer beams using respectively broadband signals and narrow band signals. In addition two types of deconvolution procedure are described and demonstrated which have been successful in improving the effective resolution of ultrasound correlation systems when viewing surface features. Finally the design and construction of a random signal correlation system is described which uses an electronic delay line. (Author)
Extracellular Vesicles: Composition, Biological Relevance, and Methods of Study (2015)

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, is a phenomenon shared by many cell types as a means of communicating with other cells and also potentially removing cell contents. The cargo of EVs includes the proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane receptors of the cells from which they originate. EVs released into the extracellular space can enter body fluids and potentially reach distant tissues. Once taken up by neighboring and/or distal cells, EVs can transfer functional cargo that may alter the status of recipient cells, thereby contributing to both physiological and pathological processes. In this article, we will focus on EV composition, mechanisms of uptake, and their biological effects on recipient cells. We will also discuss established and recently developed methods used to study EVs, including isolation, quantification, labeling and imaging protocols, as well as RNA analysis.