gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of High-capacity Single-stage GM Cryocoolers at SHI (2017)

Applications including HTS superconducting motor, power transmission line and power generator are usually considered to consume 102 W to 104 W cooling power. Most of those applications are currently using direct liquid nitrogen cooling or Turbo-Brayton cryocoolers. Though having the potential to significantly reduce the cost and space requirement, current commercial GM cryocoolers lack the suitable cooling power which is crucial in HTS applications. Since 2013, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) has been developing high capacity single stage GM cryocoolers for HTS applications around 80 K. With a conventional scotch-yoke-driven single-displacer GM cryocooler, a cooling capacity of 650 W was achieved with an input power of about 13 kW. To further improve the efficiency, a novel concept, called dual-displacer GM cryocooler has been developed since 2015. In a dual-displacer GM cryocooler, displacers are connected to both ends of the Scotch yoke. Two expansion spaces are constructed by the displacers and cylinders. Helium gas is supplied to and discharged from the upper and the lower expansion spaces with a phase shift of about 180°. In principle, the pressure oscillation amplitude at the compressor side is reduced and thus the overall efficiency of the cryocooler is improved. With a dual-displacer concept, a cooling capacity of 725 W at 80 K was achieved with an input power of 13.8 kW. In a Scotch yoke type GM cryocooler, the driving mechanism becomes heavier and more complicated as the required cooling capacity increases. Recently, SHI has been developing pneumatic GM cryocoolers. As preliminary results, a cooling capacity of 700 W at 80 K was achieved with an input power of 18.0 kW. A summary of the development status of such cryocoolers will be reported in this presentation.
A Multifunctional Digital Controller for a High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast Dimmable With Standard Phase-Cut Dimmers (2014)

This paper proposes a novel multifunctional controller for a dimmable high-power-factor single-switch electronic ballast that can be used with standard phase-cut dimmers. Conventional dimmable electronic ballasts lack the ability to 1) provide smooth dimming and maintain high power factor when phase-cut dimmers are used and 2) regulate the lamp power when the input line voltage varies. A digital controller with multiple control functions is proposed in this paper. The proposed controller allows high power factor to be achieved by controlling the duty cycle during dimming with standard phase-cut dimmers. On the other hand, when dimming is not required, the lamp power is regulated through the regulation of the dc-link voltage. Additional control functions, such as lamp low-power cutoff operation, and protection function are also implemented inside the digital controller. The descriptions of the controller operating principles and its logic flow diagrams are provided in this paper. PSIM simulation and experimental results are provided on a 13-W compact fluorescent lamp to highlight the merits of the proposed work.
A Scalable and Elastic Publish/Subscribe Service (2011)

The rapid growth of sense-and-respond applications and the emerging cloud computing model present a new challenge: providing publish/subscribe as a scalable and elastic cloud service. This paper presents the Blue Dove attribute based publish/subscribe service that seeks to address such a challenge. Blue Dove uses a gossip-based one-hop overlay to organize servers into a scalable cluster. It proactively exploits skewness in data distribution to achieve high performance. By assigning each subscription to multiple servers through a multidimensional subscription space partitioning technique, it provides multiple candidate servers for each publication message. A message can be matched on any of its candidate servers with one hop forwarding. The performance-aware forwarding in Blue Dove ensures that the message is sent to the least loaded candidate server for processing, leading to low latency and high throughput. The evaluation shows that Blue Dove has a linear capacity increase as the system scales up, adapts to sudden workload changes within tens of seconds, and achieves multifold higher throughput than the techniques used in the existing enterprise and peer-to-peer pub/sub systems.
Internal energy deposition and ion fragmentation in atmospheric-pressure mid-infrared laser ablation electrospray ionization (2011)

Mid-infrared laser ablation of water-rich targets at the maximum of the 2.94 μm absorption band is a two-step process initiated by phase explosion followed by recoil pressure induced material ejection. Particulates and/or droplets ejected by this high temperature high pressure process can be ionized for mass spectrometry by charged droplets from an electrospray. In order to gauge the internal energy introduced in this laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI®) process, we apply the survival yield method and compare the results with electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). The results indicate that LAESI yields ions with internal energies indistinguishable from those produced by ESI. This finding is consistent with the recoil pressure induced ejection of low micrometre droplets that does not significantly change the internal energy of solute molecules.
Novel Nanohybrid Structured Regioregular Polyhexylthiophene Blend Films for Photoelectrochemical Energy Applications (2011)

The present study shows for the first time the novel photoelectrochemical studies on nanohybrid films fabricated by blending regioregular polyhexylthiophene (RRPHTh) conducting polymer with nanodiamond (ND) nanoparticles. The photoelectrochemical properties of ND– RRPHTh nanohybrid films have been compared by blending RRPHTh with zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates, n-type silicon, and gold-coated glass substrates. The ND–RRPHTh film has revealed more promising morphological and photoelectrochemical properties than RRPHTh, ZnO–RRPHTh, and TiO–-RRPHTh nanohybrid films. The photoelectrochemical study has shown the photoinduced electron transfer in ND–RRPHTh nanohybrid films where RRPHTh acts as the donor and ND as the acceptor, providing a molecular approach to high-efficiency photoelectrochemical conversion properties. The photoelectrochemical properties of ND–RRPHTh deposited on either n-type silicon or ITO-coated glass plates in an electrolyte containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) is around 8–10 times higher in current density and energy conversion efficiencies compared to RRPHTh, ZnO–RRPHTh, and TiO2–RRPHTh nanohybrid films.
Second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal microscope (2017)

We introduce the second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal (SPPARC) microscope-a multimodal imaging platform that integrates Mueller matrix polarimetry with reflection confocal and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. SPPARC microscopy provides label-free three-dimensional (3-D), SHG-patterned confocal images that lend themselves to spatially dependent, linear polarimetric analysis for extraction of rich polarization information based on the Mueller calculus. To demonstrate its capabilities, we use SPPARC microscopy to analyze both porcine tendon and ligament samples and find differences in both circular degree-of-polarization and depolarization parameters. Moreover, using the collagen-generated SHG signal as an endogenous counterstain, we show that the technique can be used to provide 3-D polarimetric information of the surrounding extrafibrillar matrix plus cells or EFMC region. The unique characteristics of SPPARC microscopy holds strong potential for it to more accurately and quantitatively describe microstructural changes in collagen-rich samples in three spatial dimensions.
A high voltage current sense amplifier with extended input common mode range based on a low voltage operational amplifier cell (2015)

This paper presents a current sense amplifier (CSA) capable of performing measurements at high input common mode (CM) voltages independent of the power supply rail. The proposed circuit employs a fully low voltage amplifier cell, a correction block for maintaining the linearity of the input stage over the entire input CM and a protection circuit against high differential input voltages (DIFF). Furthermore, a trimming procedure that enables the use of typical polysilicon gain resistors without losing accuracy and precision is discussed. The proposed architecture has been implemented in a standard 0.25μm BCD technology and its performances have been confirmed by both simulations and measurements.
Protective Role of Hepcidin in Polymicrobial Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Acute kidney injury (AKI) portends worse prognosis following sepsis, with limited available interventions. Host iron acquisition by pathogens and systemic inflammatory response are key events in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In sepsis, hepcidin induces iron sequestration to limit iron availability to pathogens. Hepcidin is also known to limit inflammation. Since its role in pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI is unknown, we investigated the effect of exogenous hepcidin in endotoxin- and peritonitis-induced pathology and AKI. <b>Methods:</b> C57BL/6 mice were treated with saline or 50-100 µg of hepcidin, pre- and post-LPS injection, or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, model of peritonitis). Splenectomized mice were challenged with LPS, with and without hepcidin. Mice were euthanized at 24 h after LPS injection and at different time points after CLP. Systemic inflammation and renal injury markers were assessed. Direct effect of hepcidin on renal tubular and endothelial cells was evaluated using endotoxin-induced cytotoxic serum. Role of heavy chain ferritin (H-ferritin) in mediating hepcidin-induced anti-inflammatory effect on LPS stimulated macrophages was evaluated with siRNA studies. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-four hours pretreatment with hepcidin significantly reduced LPS-induced AKI. Hepcidin ameliorated LPS-induced increase in serum TNFα and renal Cox-2, and prevented loss in PGC1α and cytochrome c oxidase activity. This was associated with reduced glomerular injury and preserved mitochondrial structure. Hepcidin did not exert direct protection on the renal parenchymal cells but reduced endotoxin-induced serum cytotoxicity to mitigate renal injury. Splenectomy reduced LPS-induced early inflammation and AKI, independent of hepcidin, indicating the importance of systemic inflammation. Higher splenic H-ferritin in hepcidin-treated animals was associated with reduced splenocytes apoptosis and inflammation. Hepcidin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 secretion in macrophages in H-ferritin dependent manner. Hepcidin significantly reduced CLP-induced AKI, and mortality (20% hepcidin treated vs 80% PBS treated). Importantly hepcidin reduced bacteremia and AKI even when administered after onset of sepsis. <b>Conclusion:</b> We demonstrate a protective role of hepcidin in endotoxin- and peritonitis-induced pathologies and AKI, exerted primarily through its anti-inflammatory effects, and antibacterial property. Macrophage H-ferritin plays an important role in hepcidin-mediated protection against endotoxin-induced inflammation. We uncover a novel prophylactic and therapeutic role of hepcidin in sepsis-associated bacteremia, AKI, and mortality.
Exploitation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Signaling Pathways: Alternate Roles of Viral and Cellular IL-10 in Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Infection (2016)

Human health is adversely impacted by viruses that establish lifelong infections that are often accompanied with increased morbidity and mortality (e.g., infections with HIV, hepatitis C virus, or human cytomegalovirus). A longstanding but unfulfilled goal has been to develop postinfection vaccine strategies that could "reboot" the immune system of an infected individual in ways that would enable the infected host to develop immune responses that clear reservoirs of persistent virus infection, effectively curing the host of infection. This concept was evaluated in rhesus macaques infected long term with rhesus cytomegalovirus by repeatedly immunizing infected animals with nonfunctional versions of the rhesus cytomegalovirus-encoded viral interleukin-10 immune-modulating protein. Following vaccine-mediated boosting of antibody titers to viral interleukin-10, there was modest evidence for increased immunological control of the virus following vaccination. More significantly, data were also obtained that indicated that rhesus cytomegalovirus is able to persist due to upregulation of the cellular interleukin-10 signaling pathway.
Taste-independent detection of the caloric content of sugar in <i>Drosophila</i> (2011)

Feeding behavior is influenced primarily by two factors: nutritional needs and food palatability. However, the role of food deprivation and metabolic needs in the selection of appropriate food is poorly understood. Here, we show that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, selects calorie-rich foods following prolonged food deprivation in the absence of taste-receptor signaling. Flies mutant for the sugar receptors Gr5a and Gr64a cannot detect the taste of sugar, but still consumed sugar over plain agar after 15 h of starvation. Similarly, pox-neuro mutants that are insensitive to the taste of sugar preferentially consumed sugar over plain agar upon starvation. Moreover, when given a choice between metabolizable sugar (sucrose or D-glucose) and nonmetabolizable (zero-calorie) sugar (sucralose or L-glucose), starved Gr5a; Gr64a double mutants preferred metabolizable sugars. These findings suggest the existence of a taste-independent metabolic sensor that functions in food selection. The preference for calorie-rich food correlates with a decrease in the two main hemolymph sugars, trehalose and glucose, and in glycogen stores, indicating that this sensor is triggered when the internal energy sources are depleted. Thus, the need to replenish depleted energy stores during periods of starvation may be met through the activity of a taste-independent metabolic sensing pathway.
Discovery of Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by Fragment Hopping (2009)

Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been shown to prevent brain injury and is important for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that not only greater inhibitory potency and isozyme selectivity but more druglike properties can be achieved by fragment hopping. On the basis of the structure of lead molecule 6, fragment hopping effectively extracted the minimal pharmacophoric elements in the active site of nNOS for ligand hydrophobic and steric interactions and generated appropriate lipophilic fragments for lead optimization. More potent and selective inhibitors with better druglike properties were obtained within the design of 20 derivatives (compounds 7-26). Our structure-based inhibitor design for nNOS and SAR analysis reveal the robustness and efficiency of fragment hopping in lead discovery and structural optimization, which implicates a broad application of this approach to many other therapeutic targets for which known druglike small-molecule modulators are still limited.
Preparation and properties of insolubilized restriction endonucleases (1978)

Type II restriction endonucleases Bam HI and Eco RI were covalently coupled to Sepharose. These insolubilized enzymes generated fragment patterns for several viral DNAs identical to those produced by the respective free enzymes. Conditions for optimal activity were similar for both bound and unbound forms of the enzymes. Insolubilization improved thermal stability of Bam HI and Eco RI. The bound enzyme can be recovered from reaction mixtures and reused several times. Upon storage at 4 degrees C, coupled endonucleases remained stable for several months.
Built-in self test of CMOS-MEMS accelerometers (2003)

A built-in self-test technique for MEMS that is applicable to symmetrical microstructures is described. A combination of existing layout features and additional circuitry is used to make measurements from symmetrically-located points. In addition to the normal sense output, self-test outputs are used to detect the presence of layout asymmetry that are caused by local, hard-to-detect defects. Simulation results for an accelerometer reveal that our self-test approach is able to distinguish misbehavior resulting from local defects and manufacturing process variations.
Spontaneous mutation results in loss of the cytadhesin (P1) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1989)

The cytadhesin (P1) structural gene of a spontaneous mutant of Mycoplasma pneumoniae which displayed a P1-negative phenotype was analyzed. An extra adenine was discovered in a stretch of normally seven adenines near the N-terminal region of the mutant P1 structural gene. The frameshift mutation resulted in the early termination of protein translation. Possible causes of the mutation are discussed.
Decoding techniques for SSR mode S signals in high traffic environment (2005)

SSR (secondary surveillance radar) exploitation in high traffic environment calls for enhancing surveillance and communication capacity. In the multilateration applications, the use of omni directional (or, anyway, wide beam) antennas and the presence of both SSR mode S replies and squitter make the superimposition of 1090 MHz signals probable, without mentioning the presence of modes A/C signals on the same band. These limitations in SSR signal analysis and decoding, can be mitigated by using both classical (i.e. linear) algorithms and by exploiting the super resolution algorithms capability to discriminate signals in the frequency domain. This work summarises the results obtained by the application of both classical and super resolution (i.e. music, esprit) algorithms to decode overlapped mode S replies and squitters acquired in a live environment. Moreover, it is recognized that the main limit for super resolution is represented by the "too high" quality of the on board transponder local oscillator which causes a too small spectral separation between two overlapped signals, and a possible solution is presented for vehicles.
Mechanisms Of Protection Against Rotavirus In Humans And Mice (1996)

Immune responses following either natural or experimental rotavirus infection provide protection against subsequent rotavirus illnesses, and the mechanisms involved have been examined in humans and animals. In adult volunteers challenged with human rotaviruses, protection has been shown to correlate with serum and intestinal antibodies; however, titers of no specific antibody could be used reliably as a marker of protection, including neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus. Studies in children confirmed these general associations between antibody titers and protection, but the serotype specificity of antibody and its role in protection remained unclear. Studies in mice suggested antibody, CD8 cells, and a third, undetermined, factor as mediators of protection. Antibody appeared to be most important, both in resolution of infection and protection against subsequent infection, but its activity was not serotype specific. CD8 cells helped resolve rotavirus infection but were less important in protection against reinfection. The third factor remains to be identified.
Transverse flow imaging using synthetic aperture directional beamforming (2003)

Current ultrasound scanners only determine the velocity along the ultrasound beam, since data is only focused along the emitted beam. Synthetic aperture ultrasound systems have the capability of focusing simultaneously in all directions. This is used here to focus along the flow direction and then cross-correlate these measurements to obtain the correct velocity magnitude. The approach was investigated in a flow system with a laminar flow. ne flow profile was measured with a B-K Medical 8804 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. A plastic tube with an entrance length of 1 m and a diameter of 17 nm was used with an EcoWatt 1 pump generating a laminar, stationary flow. The velocity profile was measured for flow angles of 90 and 60 degrees. The RASMUS research scanner was used for acquiring RF data from 128 elements of the array using 8 emissions with 11 elements in each emission. A 20/spl mu/s chirp was used during emission. The RF data were subsequently beamformed off-line and stationary echo canceling was performed. The 60 degrees flow was determined using 16 groups of 8 emissions and the relative standard deviation was 0.36 % (0.65 mm/s). Using the same setup for the purely transverse flow gave a std. of 1.2 % (2.1 mm/s). An in-vivo image of the carotid artery and jugular vein of a healthy 29 years old volunteer. A full color flow image using only 128 emissions could be made with a high velocity precision.
Acute concomitant glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonism during glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonism does not affect appetite, resting energy expenditure or food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity (2022)

Aims When combined with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonism, antagonising the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) reduces body weight in rodent models of obesity. Here, we investigated the acute effects of GIPR antagonism combined with a GLP-1 infusion on determinants of body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. Materials and methods In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, human synthetic GLP-1(7-36)NH2 (0.75 pmol/kg/min) was infused together with the selective GIPR antagonist GIP(3-30)NH2 (1,200 pmol/kg/min) or placebo for 320 minutes on two separate days covering an initial oral liquid mixed meal test and a terminal ad libitum meal. Appetite sensations, resting energy expenditure (REE) and food intake were evaluated, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were analysed for triglyceride content. Results Ten patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity (mean±SD; HbA1c 52±9 mmol/mol (7±1%); BMI 32.5±4.8 kg/m2) were included. Compared to placebo, infusion of the GIPR antagonist GIP(3-30)NH2 added to a GLP-1 infusion had no effect on appetite sensations, REE, food intake, or SAT triglyceride content during an ad libitum meal. Compared to placebo, GIP(3-30)NH2 lowered plasma glucagon by -12.4±5.9% (p=0.037), and reduced serum insulin by -32.5±8.0% (p=0.027). Conclusions During short term infusion, we found no effect of GIPR antagonism added to GLP-1R agonism on appetite sensations, REE, SAT triglyceride content or food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.