gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Classification of Radiographs Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

The study aimed to determine if computer vision techniques rooted in deep learning can use a small set of radiographs to perform clinically relevant image classification with high fidelity. One thousand eight hundred eighty-five chest radiographs on 909 patients obtained between January 2013 and July 2015 at our institution were retrieved and anonymized. The source images were manually annotated as frontal or lateral and randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets. Training and validation sets were augmented to over 150,000 images using standard image manipulations. We then pre-trained a series of deep convolutional networks based on the open-source GoogLeNet with various transformations of the open-source ImageNet (non-radiology) images. These trained networks were then fine-tuned using the original and augmented radiology images. The model with highest validation accuracy was applied to our institutional test set and a publicly available set. Accuracy was assessed by using the Youden Index to set a binary cutoff for frontal or lateral classification. This retrospective study was IRB approved prior to initiation. A network pre-trained on 1.2 million greyscale ImageNet images and fine-tuned on augmented radiographs was chosen. The binary classification method correctly classified 100 % (95 % CI 99.73-100 %) of both our test set and the publicly available images. Classification was rapid, at 38 images per second. A deep convolutional neural network created using non-radiological images, and an augmented set of radiographs is effective in highly accurate classification of chest radiograph view type and is a feasible, rapid method for high-throughput annotation.
Scattering characteristics of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma (2013)

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is fabricated and then plasma is generated by applying high ac voltage. Also, its scattering characteristics are measured by comparison of the S-parameters. Antenna polarization is also considered because of the configuration of suggested DBD actuator. To validate the measurement method of this paper, the simulated radar cross section (RCS) result of fabricated DBD plasma actuator without plasma is compared with measurement results. The measured performance was well agreed with the simulated one. Then the scattering characteristics of plasma generated by DBD plasma actuator are measured. The attenuation of scattered fields occurs at certain observation angle at 4.9 GHz.
Erb:YAG and Hol:YAG Laser Osteotomy: The Effect of Laser Ablation on Bone Healing (1994)

Sixty-nine male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 23 animals each and osteotomies were performed in group 1 with a power saw, in group 2 with the Erb:Yag laser, and in group 3 with the Hol:YAG laser. Two animals of each group were sacrificed 1 week, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation for histologic investigation, and five animals of each group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after osteotomy for torque testing. Anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs were taken at the same time points and investigated for callus formation and development of pseudoarthrosis. All tibiae osteotomied with the Hol:YAG laser (group 3) developed pseudoarthrosis within 12 weeks and, therefore, torque testing could not be performed for this group. Biomechanical measurements of bone treated by power saw or Erb:YAG laser osteotomies, respectively, showed no significant statistical difference in the stability of bone between the two groups. Histologic examination after 1 week exhibited fibrous tissue at the site of osteotomy in rats of all three groups and additionally carbonization in rats of group 3. Saw osteotomies resulted in more callus formation than Erb:YAG osteotomies, but both techniques provoked a certain reunion within 8 weeks. Hol:YAG laser-treated osteotomies, however, exhibited formation of dense fibrous tissue, carbonization and no callus formation within 12 weeks. Radiographic pictures showed more callus formation for saw osteotomies as compared to those performed with the Erb:YAG laser. For Hol:YAG laser osteotomies pseudoarthrosis was identified also radiologically.
<i>In vivo</i> utilization of N‐(phosphonomethyl)‐anilines and related substances by <i>Pseudomonas</i> spec. GS (1991)

Utilization of various phosphonates as source for phosphorus by the glyphosate degrading strain Pseudomonas spec. GS was investigated. Metabolites of phosphonate degradation were characterized indicating the cleavage of the C-P-bound as primary step of breakdown. The phosphonate N-(phosphonomethyl)-4'-nitroazobenzene-4-amine (azophon) was characterized as a suitable substrate for detection of C-P-bond splitting activity in vivo. Pseudomonas cells permeabilized by toluene treatment were also capable of phosphonate degradation whereas no in vitro activity of a putative C-P-bond cleaving enzyme was detectable after cell disruption.
Fever, Cancer Incidence and Spontaneous Remissions (2001)

Pyrogenic substances and the more recent use of whole-body hyperthermia to mimic the physiologic response to fever have successfully been administered in palliative and curative treatment protocols for metastatic cancer. Further research in this area is warranted.
Random algorithms for scheduling multicast traffic in WDM broadcast-and-select networks (1999)

We develop and analyze simple algorithms for scheduling multicast traffic in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) broadcast-and-select networks with N nodes, W wavelengths, and a single receiver per node that can be tuned to any of the W wavelengths. Each message is addressed to /spl kappa/ randomly chosen nodes. Since optimal message scheduling in a WDM network is known to be very difficult, we study two simple scheduling schemes: in the first, a message is continuously retransmitted until it is received by all of its intended recipients; and in the second, a random delay is introduced between retransmissions of the same message. We develop a throughput analysis for both schemes using methods from discrete-time queueing systems and show that the algorithm with random delays between retransmissions results in higher throughput. We also consider a number of receiver algorithms for selecting among multiple simultaneous transmissions and show, through simulation, that an algorithm where the receiver selects the message with the least number of intended recipients performs better than a random selection algorithm. Finally, we show that channel utilization can be significantly increased with multiple receivers/node.
Unsupervised adaptation to improve fault tolerance of neural network classifiers (2004)

We investigate how to exploit the dynamics of unsupervised online learning rules for fault tolerance in neural network classifiers. We first design an adaptation mechanism that keeps neural network weights at a useful fixed point for classification problems. We then demonstrate the robustness of the system when the network inputs are subjected to faults.
Absence of Pittsburgh Compound B Detection of Cerebral Amyloid β in a Patient With Clinical, Cognitive, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Alzheimer Disease (2009)

Clinical, cognitive, and CSF markers consistent with AD may precede detection of cerebral amyloid beta using amyloid imaging agents such as PiB that primarily label fibrillar amyloid beta plaques.
Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis in children. (2009)

Multifocal bone involvement is though rare but is reported from some countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Here we report a case of three years old boy was admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with the complaints of difficulty in walking ,low grade fever for six months, swelling over the back, elbow joint, knee joint and upper part of forearm and legs for two months. Family history of tuberculosis was positive. Mantoux test was 18 mm, ESR 85 mm in first hour, chest X-ray reveals right hilar lymphadenopathy, X-ray dorsolumber spine shows wedge shaped deformity in T11, L4 and with paravertebral collection from L2-L4. X-ray of legs, knee joint and forearms show multiple lytic lesions in shaft with periosteal reaction and cortical thickening. Ultrasonograph of whole abdomen shows psoas abscess. Culture of bone marrow aspirate reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patient was given an anti tubercular regimen with Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Streptomycin for initial two months which to be followed by Rifampicin and Isoniazid for another 10 months.
Structure and Dynamics of Conjugated Polymers in Liquid Crystalline Solvents (2006)

A combination of single-molecule spectroscopy and analysis with simulations is used to provide detailed information about the structural and dynamic properties of a fluorescent polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) immersed in a nematic and smectic solvent. In nematic solvents, single-polymer molecules are oriented strongly along the solvent director, much more so than the solvent molecules, confirming Onsager's old prediction. The diffusion anisotropy parallel and perpendicular to the solvent director, however, is less than two, which is similar to that of a spherical colloid in a nematic solvent. In smectic solvents, there is a second orientation of the dissolved polymer perpendicular to the solvent director, which we hypothesize is caused by the polymer occupying the interlayer volume. The research discussed here emphasizes the importance of organization in complex fluids and suggests that the interplay of order on different length scales could be exploited to fabricate novel nanostructured materials.
Intrinsic timescales of sensory integration for motion perception (2019)

A subject-specific process of perceptual decision making is of importance to how the brain translates its interpretation of sensory information into behavior. In particular, a number of studies reported substantial variation across the observers' decision behavior, which may reflect different profiles of evidence accumulated by each individual. However, a detailed profile of perceptual integration has not yet been verified from human behavioral data. To address the issue, we precisely measured the time course of sensory integration, as the "sensory integration kernel" of subjects, using a coherence-varying motion discrimination task. We found that each subject has a distinct profile of sensory integration. We observed that kernel size (maximum sensory integration interval) is consistent within subjects, independent of external stimuli conditions. The observed kernel could accurately predict subject-specific perceptual behaviors and explain the inter-individual variation of observed behaviors. Surprisingly, the performance of most subjects did not improve in proportion to increased duration of the stimulus, but was maximized when the stimulus duration matched their kernel size. We also found that the observed kernel size was strongly correlated with the subject-specific perceptual characteristics for illusory motion. Our results suggest that perceptual decisions arise from intrinsic decision dynamics, and on individual timescales of sensory integration.
Frequency-modulated coil sensor for magnetic suspensions (1982)

A FM coil sensor using digital electronics is described here for use as a position transducer in a magnetic suspension. This is similar to the Q-coil method of Beams et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 33, 151 (1962)] as used in magnetic suspensions except that a different parameter is being controlled. The circuits are presented and their operating characteristics are discussed.
Enhancement of signals from connected vehicles to detect roadway and railway anomalies (2019)

Abstract Frequent network-wide monitoring of the condition of roadways and railways prevent fatalities, injuries, and financial losses. Even so, agencies cannot afford to inspect vast transportation networks using present methods. Therefore, the idea of using low-cost sensors aboard connected vehicles became appealing. However, low-cost sensors introduce new challenges to improve poor signal quality which causes detection errors. Common approaches apply computationally complex filters to individual signal streams, which limits further improvements. This paper presents a method that combines signals from each traversal in a manner that leads to ever-increasing signal quality. The proposed method addresses the challenges of poor accuracy and precision of position estimates from global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and errors from the non-uniform sampling of low-cost accelerometers. The result is improved signal quality from a 20% improvement in signal alignment over GPS and a 90-fold enhancement in distance precision.
Life, Thought, and Morality: Or, Does Matter Really Matter? (2008)

Modern, science-centered naturalisms can be charged with a certain moral laxity, according to s. T. Coleridge.This fault reflects a devitalizing, materialistic metaphysics informed by a narrow and self-serving conception of reason.Thus seeking a remedy that can bring justice to the spiritual as well as the physical aspects of experience, Coleridge envisages a 'true naturalism' that will not only address the question 'What is Life?' but also frame a 'true realism' that includes what might be called a 'true moralism' .This calls, however, for a heraclitean metaphysics capable of linking 'goodness' in both thinking and acting to a *Logos*-that is, an essentially nonmodern theory of actuality that can do justice at once to the quicknesses and the uniformities of both Life and Thought.Coleridge's thus presents an outline of how one might respond to a challenge that can be best met, i argue, with the help of certain insights of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a. n.Whitehead, gilles deleuze, and C. s.Peirce.By enlisting hannah arendt's individual-centered conception of morality, which ties ethics to public concerns, it is also possible to sketch a metaphysically grounded response to friedrich nietzsche's call for a 'healthy morality' capable of overturning the nihilistic values entrenched in modern thought.
Ryegrass or Alfalfa Silage as the Dietary Forage for Lactating Dairy Cows (2002)

Renewed interest exists in using grass forages to dilute the higher crude protein (CP) and lower digestible fiber present in legumes fed to lactating dairy cows. A 3 x 3 Latin square feeding study with 4-wk periods was conducted with 24 Holstein cows to compare ryegrass silage, either untreated control or macerated (intensively conditioned) before ensiling, with alfalfa silage as the sole dietary forage. Ryegrass silages averaged [dry matter (DM) basis] 18.4% CP, 50% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 10% indigestible acid detergent fiber (ADF) (control) and 16.6% CP, 51% NDF, and 12% indigestible ADF (macerated). Alfalfa silage was higher in CP (21.6%) and lower in NDF (44%) but higher in indigestible ADF (26%). A lower proportion of the total N in macerated ryegrass silage was present as nonprotein N than in control ryegrass and alfalfa silages. Diets were formulated to contain 41% DM from either rye-grass silage, or 51% DM from alfalfa silage, plus high moisture corn, and protein concentrates. Diets averaged 17.5% CP and 28 to 29% NDF. The shortfall in CP on ryegrass was made up by feeding 7.6% more soybean meal. Intake and milk yields were similar on control and macerated ryegrass; however, DM intake was 8.3 kg/d greater on the alfalfa diet. Moreover, feeding the alfalfa diet increased BW gain (0.48 kg/d) and yield of milk (6.1 kg/d), FCM (6.8 kg/d), fat (0.26 kg/d), protein (0.25 kg/d), lactose (0.35 kg/d), and SNF (0.65 kg/d) versus the mean of the two ryegrass diets. Both DM efficiency (milk/DM intake) and N efficiency (milk-N/N-intake) were 27% greater, and apparent digestibility was 16% greater for DM and 53% greater for NDF and ADF, on the ryegrass diets. However, apparent digestibility of digestible ADF was greater on alfalfa (96%) than on ryegrass (average = 91%). Also, dietary energy content (estimated as net energy of lactation required for maintenance, milk yield, and weight gain) per unit of digested DM was similar for all three diets. Results of this trial indicated that, relative to ryegrass silage, feeding alfalfa silage stimulated much greater feed intake, which supported greater milk production.
Sensor Fusion for Smartphone-based Vehicle Telematics (2017)

The fields of navigation and motion inference have rapidly been transformed by advances in computing, connectivity, and sensor design. As a result, unprecedented amounts of data are today being collected by cheap and small navigation sensors residing in our surroundings. Often, these sensors will be embedded into personal mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. To transform the collected data into valuable information, one must typically formulate and solve a statistical inference problem. This thesis is concerned with inference problems that arise when trying to use smartphone sensors to extract information on driving behavior and traffic conditions. One of the fundamental differences between smartphone-based driver behavior profiling and traditional analysis based on vehicle-fixed sensors is that the former is based on measurements from sensors that are mobile with respect to the vehicle. Thus, the utility of data from smartphone-embedded sensors is diminished by not knowing the relative orientation and position of the smartphone and the vehicle. The problem of estimating the relative smartphone-to-vehicle orientation is solved by extending the state-space model of a global navigation satellite system-aided inertial navigation system. Specifically, the state vector is augmented to include the relative orientation, and the measurement vector is augmented with pseudo observations describing well-known characteristics of car dynamics. To estimate the relative positions of multiple smartphones, we exploit the kinematic relation between the accelerometer measurements from different smartphones. The characteristics of the estimation problem are examined using the Cramér-Rao bound, and the positioning method is evaluated in a field study using concurrent measurements from seven smartphones. The characteristics of smartphone data vary with the smartphone's placement in the vehicle. To investigate this, a large set of vehicle trip segments are clustered based on measurements from smartphone-embedded sensors and vehicle-fixed accelerometers. The clusters are interpreted as representing the smartphone being rigidly mounted on a cradle, placed on the passenger seat, held by hand, etc. Finally, the problem of fusing speed measurements from the on-board diagnostics system and a global navigation satellite system receiver is considered. Estimators of the vehicle’s speed and the scale factor of the wheel speed sensors are derived under the assumptions of synchronous and asynchronous samples.
Compatibility of Mica Glass-ceramics as Gas-sealing Materials for SOFC (1996)

Compatibility Qfmica glass-ceramics as gas-sealing matehal for sohd oxide fuel cells(SOFC)has been investigated，
Validation of Sample Preparation Procedures for Botanical Analysis (1998)

A 2-part method was developed to validate the extraction efficiency (accuracy) of specific marker compounds from crude herb samples. This method has several advantages over the standard addition method of validating efficiency. In part 1, recovery optimization, recovery of marker compound is optimized by determining the maximum weight of sample that may be extracted in a specific volume of solvent before affecting recovery. The choice of extraction solvent was based on physicochemical parameters of the specific marker compound. In part 2, extraction efficiency testing and validation, the extraction solvent and optimal sample weight are used to test and validate extraction efficiency by extracting and then re-extracting 10 replicate samples of each botanical. The average recoveries of marker compound from extraction and re-extraction are compared by analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level. Extraction is considered 100% efficient if there is no significant difference between these averages. The solvent and/or conditions used for extraction are modified and the efficiency is retested if the average recoveries are significantly different. Extraction precision and ruggedness are evaluated from coefficients of variance and by testing the efficiency of several chemically different marker compounds. Levels of marker compounds are determined by liquid chromatography and by comparison with peak areas produced by reference standard solutions of known concentration. The method is extremely precise and rugged, making it a valuable tool for evaluating and validating the efficiency of extracting marker compounds from crude herb samples.
Exploiting Shale Creep Deformation to Create Annular Barriers for Well Plugging and Abandonment: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation (2019)

Abstract Oil and gas wells produce hydrocarbons for a limited number of years, and at the end of their production life they need to be plugged and abandoned. This process has to be done in a safe and economic way. Creep deformation of shale rock in uncemented casing sections may simplify well abandonments considerably. Creep can close the annular gap between a shale formation and an uncemented section of a casing string, generating a barrier that prevents hydrocarbons from flowing to the surface on the annular side. Wells with such a "shale-as-a-barrier" generated by creep now only require abandonment plugs on the inside of the casing, without the need for installation of additional annular barriers. This may eliminate such operations as casing milling and casing pulling, thereby allowing e.g. offshore abandonments to be done rigless, at significantly reduced cost. This paper presents the first results of an experimental investigation and numerical modeling study into the nature of the "shale-as-a-barrier" phenomenon. Specifically, we focus on laboratory and field scale numerical simulation of creep behavior of North Sea Lark shale rock for oil and gas well plug and abandonment purposes. In our Finite Element simulations of the shale creep phenomenon, we have used the time-hardening creep model, which assumes a non-linear relationship between creep strain and stress, temperature and time. The model parameters were obtained from a curve fit of laboratory experimental results conducted for a creeping shale. Then, using the experimentally-derived parameters, numerical simulation was performed for a laboratory scale model and result was validated against laboratory results. Once this validation had taken place, the model size was extended to the field scale for prediction of annular closure time and barrier formation. Simulations show a strong correlation between rock stiffness and annular gap closure time, as expected; hence, the success of any "shale-as-a-barrier" project is a distinct function of shale rock stiffness. Lowering near-wellbore stiffness artificially may accelerate annular barrier creation of slowly creeping shale formations.
Nonparametric boundary detection (1997)

We propose a two-step nonparametric method for detecting the boundary curve of an object in an image. First we treat boundary points as change-points on lines across the image, and identify them by the one-sided kernel smoothing method. After obtaining potential boundary points, we use the principal curve method to smooth these points in order to obtain an estimate of smooth boundary curve, Computer simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.