gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Pole Magnetic Bearing Design and Actuation (2020)

The three-pole magnetic bearing has recently gained interest within the magnetic suspension research community due to its simple structure that relies on only three coils and ability to be operated by three-phase power converters. However, the three-pole bearing is substantially more complicated to control. Control strategies based on linearized current models result in parasitic coupling between x and y radial forces, yielding significant force vector errors. Research initiatives have developed distinct three-pole geometries with varying capabilities and operating principles. This article reviews the various research initiatives on the three-pole bearing, develops a generalized framework for considering the forces of any three-pole bearing configuration, exercises this framework to provide insights into fundamental design topology choices, and proposes a method to calculate exact control currents and an optimal bias field. This article shows that using the exact control current calculations with the proposed optimal bias field yields a force density improvement of up to 15.5% while requiring 23.4% fewer ampere turns as compared to using conventional bias levels. Experimental validation of the force calculation framework is provided.
Total Synthesis of Pactalactam, an Imidazolidinone-Type Pactamycin Analogue (2019)

The first total synthesis of pactalactam was accomplished using substrate-controlled stereoselective aziridination and regioselective aziridine ring-opening to construct three continuous amino groups on an octasubstituted cyclopentane core. The cyclopentane framework was obtained by ring-closing metathesis and aldol coupling using a l-threonine-derived oxazoline compound. Cyclic urea formation, m-acetylphenyl group introduction by Chan-Lam coupling, and primary alcohol-selective acylation yielded the reported pactalactam structure. The presence of pactalactam in the fermentation broth of pactamycin-producing bacteria was also confirmed.
An analysis of sparseness and regularization in exemplar-based methods for speech classification (2010)

The use of exemplar-based techniques for both speech classification and recognition tasks has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the notion of why sparseness is important for exemplar-based speech processing has been relatively unexplored. In addition, little analysis has been done in speech processing on the appropriateness of different types of sparsity regularization constraints. The goal of this paper is to answer the above two questions, both through mathematically analyzing different sparseness methods and also comparing these approaches for phonetic classification in TIMIT.
Lobeline Displaces [<sup>3</sup>H]Dihydrotetrabenazine Binding and Releases [<sup>3</sup>H]Dopamine from Rat Striatal Synaptic Vesicles: Comparison with <i>d</i>‐Amphetamine (1998)

Lobeline, an alkaloid from Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata), is classified as a nicotinic agonist and is currently used as a smoking cessation agent. However, our previous in vitro studies demonstrate that lobeline does not act as a nicotinic agonist but alters presynaptic dopamine (DA) storage by potently inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles. Recently, d-amphetamine has been reported to act at the level of the synaptic vesicle to alter presynaptic function. The present in vitro studies further elucidate the mechanism of lobeline's action and compare its effects with those of d-amphetamine. [3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine ([3H]DTBZ), used routinely to probe a high-affinity binding site on the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), bound to vesicle membranes from rat striatum with a KD of 1.67 nM and Bmax of 8.68 pmol/mg of protein. Lobeline inhibited [3H]DTBZ binding with an IC50 of 0.90 microM, consistent with its previously reported IC50 of 0.88 microM for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake into vesicles. These results suggest that lobeline specifically interacts with DTBZ sites on VMAT2 to inhibit DA uptake into synaptic vesicles. Interestingly, d-amphetamine inhibited [3H]DTBZ binding to vesicle membranes with an IC50 of 39.4 microM, a concentration 20 times greater than reported for inhibition of VMAT2 function, suggesting that d-amphetamine interacts with a different site than lobeline on VMAT2 to inhibit monoamine uptake. Kinetic analysis of [3H]DA release from [3H]DA-preloaded synaptic vesicles in the absence of drug revealed a t1/2 of 2.12 min. Lobeline and d-amphetamine evoked [3H]DA release with EC50 values of 25.3 and 2.22 microM, respectively. At a concentration 10 times the EC50, lobeline and d-amphetamine significantly decreased the t1/2 of [3H]DA release to 1.58 and 1.48 min, respectively. Thus, in contrast to d-amphetamine, which is equipotent in inhibiting DA uptake and promoting release from the synaptic vesicles, lobeline more potently (28-fold) inhibits DA uptake (via an interaction with the DTBZ site on VMAT2) than it evokes DA release to redistribute presynaptic DA storage.
Using cationic polymers to improve alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) sizing efficiency in high-yield pulp containing furnish (2012)

High-yield pulp (HYP) such as bleached chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (BCTMP) from aspen wood, is now being used in the production of high-quality fine papers, and this is particularly true in China. In this study, the effect of using cationic polymers such as poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), polyethylenimine (PEI), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) on Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA) sizing efficiency in HYP-containing pulp furnish was investigated. The results showed that the addition of only ASA emulsion to the HYP-containing furnish, without any cationic additives, did not yield an appreciable degree of sizing in the paper sheet. PAC (or alum) could improve the ASA sizing efficiency. PEI, PDADMAC, CPAM, and NaHCO3 all improved ASA sizing efficiency in the presence of PAC. The charge density of PEI was important for improving the ASA sizing performance. Also, the sequence of adding the cationic polymer affected the ASA sizing performance.
General optical all-pass filter structures for dispersion control in WDM systems (1999)

All-pass filters (APFs) are devices that allow phase correction or equalization without introducing any amplitude distortion. An optical implementation of such devices is very attractive since they can be used for dispersion compensation. In contrast to other dispersion control devices, optical APFs can correct any order of dispersion. This can be achieved by careful design of multistage APFs to approximate a target phase profile. However, large dispersion is usually narrow band or requires many filter stages. These performance tradeoffs and the general phase properties of optical APFs are reviewed and clarified in the first part of this paper. In the second part, a general design methodology of optical APFs is introduced. We show that any all-pass structure may be constructed from simple N-port devices (such as directional couplers or Mach-Zehnder interferometers) with N-1 outputs fed back to any of the N-1 inputs. The feedback paths may contain delays or further APFs (recursive design). This set of design rules allows for constructing complex all-pass filters of any number of stages starting with very simple elements. We use this technique to demonstrate a number of optical all-pass structures that may be implemented in planar waveguide or using thin-film filter technology.
Prostate-Specific Antigen-Retargeted Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus for Prostate Cancer Virotherapy (2013)

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapies of cancer are based on the use of replication-competent, tumor-selective viruses with limited toxicity. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising OV and is inherently tumor selective and cytotoxic only to tumor cells. Replication is restricted in normal cells. Despite encouraging phase I/II clinical trials with NDV, further refinements for tumor-specific targeting are needed to enhance its therapeutic index. Systemically delivered NDV fails to reach solid tumors in therapeutic concentrations and also spreads poorly within the tumors due to barriers including complement, innate immunity, and the extracellular matrix. Overcoming these hurdles is paramount to realizing the exceptional oncolytic efficacy of NDV. We engineered the F protein of NDV and generated a recombinant NDV (rNDV) whose F protein is cleavable exclusively by prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The rNDV replicated efficiently and specifically in prostate cancer (CaP) cells and 3-dimensional prostaspheres but failed to replicate in the absence of PSA. Induction of intracellular PSA production by a synthetic androgen analog (R1881) enhanced fusogenicity in androgen-responsive CaP cells. Further, PSA-cleavable rNDV caused specific lysis of androgen-independent and androgen-responsive/nonresponsive CaP cells and prostaspheres, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) ranging from a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 to 0.1. PSA-retargeted NDV efficiently lysed prostasphere tumor mimics, suggesting efficacy in vivo. Also, PSA-cleavable NDV failed to replicate in chicken embryos, indicating no pathogenicity for chickens. Prostate-specific antigen targeting is likely to enhance the therapeutic index of rNDV owing to tumor-restricted replication and enhanced fusogenicity.
Grand Challenges and Future Opportunities for Metal–Organic Frameworks (2017)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allow compositional and structural diversity beyond conventional solid-state materials. Continued interest in the field is justified by potential applications of exceptional breadth, ranging from gas storage and separation, which takes advantage of the inherent pores and their volume, to electronic applications, which requires precise control of electronic structure. In this Outlook we present some of the pertinent challenges that MOFs face in their conventional implementations, as well as opportunities in less traditional areas. Here the aim is to discuss select design concepts and future research goals that emphasize nuances relevant to this class of materials as a whole. Particular emphasis is placed on synthetic aspects, as they influence the potential for MOFs in gas separation, electrical conductivity, and catalytic applications.
Extended subspace method for attenuation of crosstalk in multi-parameter full wavefield inversion (2014)

Summary We propose an extended subspace method for reducing crosstalk when inverting geophysical data to infer models for two or more subsurface physical properties. Our algorithm uses gradients of an objective function as basis vectors for forming model updates. The extended set of basis vectors provides explicit de-mixing of gradient components corresponding to different medium parameters, for example P-wave velocity and anisotropy. Coefficients of the basis vector expansion are determined in a way that explicitly accounts for leakage (or crosstalk) between different physical parameters. Performance of the method is illustrated with a synthetic data example.
Cascaded Fir Filters for Multiple Listener Lowfrequency Room Acoustic Equalization (2006)

Low frequency room acoustic equalization is an extremely challenging problem to solve with realizable digital equalization filters. In this paper we propose a cascaded FIR solution, using a pattern recognition technique, for multiposition room equalization at low frequencies. The cascaded FIR solution allows for a real-time implementation of realizable filters whereas the pattern recognition approach captures the variabilities in room acoustics between different listening positions for multiposition equalization. We compare the results with the popular warping with low order spectral modeling approach, as well as with the multirate approach. The proposed method outperforms both the warping based and the multirate methods as can be evidenced through published data
Dose-mass inverse optimization for minimally moving thoracic lesions (2015)

In the past decade, several different radiotherapy treatment plan evaluation and optimization schemes have been proposed as viable approaches, aiming for dose escalation or an increase of healthy tissue sparing. In particular, it has been argued that dose-mass plan evaluation and treatment plan optimization might be viable alternatives to the standard of care, which is realized through dose-volume evaluation and optimization. The purpose of this investigation is to apply dose-mass optimization to a cohort of lung cancer patients and compare the achievable healthy tissue sparing to that one achievable through dose-volume optimization. Fourteen non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient plans were studied retrospectively. The range of tumor motion was less than 0.5 cm and motion management in the treatment planning process was not considered. For each case, dose-volume (DV)-based and dose-mass (DM)-based optimization was performed. Nine-field step-and-shoot IMRT was used, with all of the optimization parameters kept the same between DV and DM optimizations. Commonly used dosimetric indices (DIs) such as dose to 1% the spinal cord volume, dose to 50% of the esophageal volume, and doses to 20 and 30% of healthy lung volumes were used for cross-comparison. Similarly, mass-based indices (MIs), such as doses to 20 and 30% of healthy lung masses, 1% of spinal cord mass, and 33% of heart mass, were also tallied. Statistical equivalence tests were performed to quantify the findings for the entire patient cohort. Both DV and DM plans for each case were normalized such that 95% of the planning target volume received the prescribed dose. DM optimization resulted in more organs at risk (OAR) sparing than DV optimization. The average sparing of cord, heart, and esophagus was 23, 4, and 6%, respectively. For the majority of the DIs, DM optimization resulted in lower lung doses. On average, the doses to 20 and 30% of healthy lung were lower by approximately 3 and 4%, whereas lung volumes receiving 2000 and 3000 cGy were lower by 3 and 2%, respectively. The behavior of MIs was very similar. The statistical analyses of the results again indicated better healthy anatomical structure sparing with DM optimization. The presented findings indicate that dose-mass-based optimization results in statistically significant OAR sparing as compared to dose-volume-based optimization for NSCLC. However, the sparing is case-dependent and it is not observed for all tallied dosimetric endpoints.
Organic Semiconductor Thin-Film Field-Effect Transistors (2000)

Pentacene is the best performing organic for thin-film fieldeffect transistor (TFT) applications and its performance rivals that of a-Si:H. We show how to fabricate pentacene TFT with source and drain electrodes lithographically patterned, before the deposition of the pentacene layer on them, and concurrently achieve performance equal to that of TFT fabricated with the reverse layering sequence. We also present a novel method for subtractive patterning of the pentacene layer that does not affect its transport properties. Earlier results on high performance organic TFT at low operating voltage are also presented.
A non-coherent neighbor cell search scheme for LTE/LTE-A systems (2013)

A new neighbor cell search algorithm for LTE/LTE-A systems is presented in this paper. To improve the interference problem in channel estimation for coherent SSS detection in the conventional neighbor cell search approaches, we propose a non-coherent scheme that takes advantage of the similarity of channel responses at adjacent subcarriers. The proposed neighbor cell search procedure not only includes both PSS and SSS detection, but also can combat different carrier frequency offsets that the home cell signal and the neighbor cell signal may suffer. The removal of the home cell synchronization signals in our algorithm converts the neighbor cell PSS and SSS into new sequences for recognition, respectively. By examining the cross-correlation properties of the new sequences, we show that partial correlation can well detect the neighbor cell sector ID and group ID through the new sequences. From simulation results, it is also clear that the proposed algorithm has good detection results and outperforms the conventional coherent approaches.
Contralateral subtraction: A novel technique for detection of asymmetric abnormalities on digital chest radiographs (2000)

A novel contralateral subtraction technique has been developed to assist radiologists in the detection of asymmetric abnormalities on a single chest radiograph. With this method, the lateral inclination is first corrected by rotating and shifting the original chest image so that the midline of the thorax is aligned with the vertical centerline of the original chest image. The rotated image is then flipped laterally to produce a reversed "mirror" image. Finally, the mirror image is warped and subtracted from the original image for derivation of the contralateral subtraction image. The three key techniques which are employed in this study are applied successively to the initial contralateral subtraction technique for acquisition of improved subtraction images. One hundred PA chest radiographs, including 50 normals and 50 abnormals, were used as the database for this study. The percentage of chest images, which were rated as being adequate, good, or excellent quality of subtraction images by employing a subjective evaluation method, was improved from 73% to 91% by use of the three key techniques. The contralateral subtraction technique can be used for detection of any asymmetric abnormalities, such as lung nodules, pneumothorax, pneumonia, and emphysema, on a single chest radiograph, and therefore has potential utility in a high proportion of abnormal cases.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of PHO8 expression by PHO regulatory genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1985)

A DNA fragment bearing the PHO8 gene, which encodes repressible alkaline phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was cloned. Northern hybridizations with the PHO8 DNA as probe indicated that the PHO8 transcript is 1.8 kilobases in length and is more abundant in cells grown in low-phosphate medium than in high-phosphate medium. The pho9 mutant, whose phenotype is defective in the activity of repressible alkaline phosphatase, produced as much of the PHO8 transcript as did the PHO9+ cells. Hence, the PHO9 product should act at the post-transcriptional level. The pho4 mutant could not derepress the PHO8 transcript, whereas the pho80 mutant could, irrespective of the amount of Pi in the medium, as has been suggested by genetic study.
Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) Viral Infection Induces Neuroinflammation in Standard Laboratory Mice (2022)

Increasing evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection impacts neurological function both acutely and chronically, even in the absence of pronounced respiratory distress. Developing clinically relevant laboratory mouse models of the neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important step toward elucidating the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological dysfunction. Although various transgenic models and viral delivery methods have been used to study the infection potential of SARS-CoV-2 in mice, the use of commonly available laboratory mice would facilitate the study of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology. Herein we show neuroinflammatory profiles of immunologically intact mice, C57BL/6J and BALB/c, as well as immunodeficient (<i>Rag2</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice, to a mouse-adapted strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 (MA10)). Our findings indicate that brain IL-6 levels are significantly higher in BALB/c male mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 MA10. Additionally, blood-brain barrier integrity, as measured by the vascular tight junction protein claudin-5, was reduced by SARS-CoV-2 MA10 infection in all three strains. Brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA was also elevated in male C57BL/6J infected mice compared with the mock group. Lastly, immune-vascular effects of SARS-CoV-2 (MA10), as measured by H&E scores, demonstrate an increase in perivascular lymphocyte cuffing (PLC) at 30 days post-infection among infected female BALB/c mice with a significant increase in PLC over time only in SARS-CoV-2 MA10) infected mice. Our study is the first to demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) infection induces neuroinflammation in laboratory mice and could be used as a novel model to study SARS-CoV-2-mediated cerebrovascular pathology.
<title>Effect of temperature on the loss of the As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te chalcogenide glass fibers</title> (2001)

The change in the absorption loss relative to room temperature of the IR-transmitting sulfur-based (As-S-Se) and tellurium-based (Ge-As-Se-Te) glass fibers in the temperature range of-110°C? T? 110°C was investigated. For the sulfur-based (As-S-Se) glass fibers, the change in loss relative to room temperature was slightly affected by temperature in the wavelength region of 1-5 ?m. For ? ? 6 ?m, the change in loss was mainly due to multiphonon absorption. For the tellurium-based (Ge-As-Se-Te) glass fibers, the attenuation increased significantly at T 40°C. This is mainly attributed to thermally activated free carriers associated with the semi-metallic character ofthe Te atom. For ? ? 4.2 ?m, the loss due to electronic and free carrier absorption was strongly affected by temperature. In the wavelength region of 5 - 11 ?m, the loss was mainly due to free carrier absorption. Beyond ?? 1 1 ?m, multiphonon absorption dominated the loss spectrum at T ? 60°C while free carrier absorption contributed mainly to the total loss at T 80°C.
Magnetic field-induced excitation and optical detection of mechanical modes of microspheres (2010)

We propose a method to excite and detect the mechanical modes of dielectric microspheres. The mechanical modes are excited by simultaneously imposing static and harmonic magnetic fields on the spheres. They are monitored by simultaneously exciting and tracking the whispering gallery optical modes of the spheres. An analysis is carried out to investigate the relationship between the applied magnetic field and the corresponding whispering gallery mode shifts. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the proposed magnetic field-induced excitation and optical detection method.
Anode Materials for Mitigating Hydrogen Starvation Effects in PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

Localized hydrogen starvation at a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell anode can lead to the formation of local cells in the membrane electrode assembly, which cause performance degradation at the fuel cell cathode due to carbon corrosion. We propose using hydrogen spillover materials as a hydrogen reservoir in the fuel cell anode in order to compensate for any temporary proton deficit caused by local flooding of the anode channels. We tested composite electrodes containing , , and , and compared their behavior to that of commercial Pt/Vulcan XC-72 carbon (Pt/Vu) benchmark catalysts, using gas-diffusion electrodes in a solution and pellet electrodes in a solution. While yields no benefits, both and can significantly delay the voltage excursion of the gas-diffusion electrode into the oxygen evolution region upon the cessation of hydrogen flow. X-ray data indicate that the beneficial effect of may be caused by , because we observed conversion of to during voltage cycling, without a significant loss in the apparent hydrogen adsorption–desorption area. Electrodes with yielded the best results, with a hydrogen storage charge higher by a factor of 6 than for the Pt/Vu benchmark.