gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Trapping and Two-Photon Excitation of Colloidal Quantum Dots Using Bowtie Apertures (2016)

We demonstrate bowtie apertures that were designed and fabricated by a lift-off process to optically trap individual, 30 nm, silica-coated quantum dots (scQD). Simulations and experiments confirm the trapping capability of the system with a relatively low continuous wave trapping flux of 1.56 MW/cm2 at 1064 nm. Additionally, the scQD emits upon trapping via two-photon excitation from the trapping laser due to strong field enhancement inside the aperture. This system is an exciting platform for studying light–matter interactions and mulitphoton processes in single emitters.
Crystal Structure of the Human tRNA Guanine Transglycosylase Catalytic Subunit QTRT1 (2018)

RNA modifications have been implicated in diverse and important roles in all kingdoms of life with over 100 of them present on tRNAs. A prominent modification at the wobble base of four tRNAs is the 7-deaza-guanine derivative queuine which substitutes the guanine at position 34. This exchange is catalyzed by members of the enzyme class of tRNA guanine transglycosylases (TGTs). These enzymes incorporate guanine substituents into tRNA<sup>Asp</sup>, tRNA<sup>Asn</sup> tRNA<sup>His</sup>, and tRNA<sup>Tyr</sup> in all kingdoms of life. In contrast to the homodimeric bacterial TGT, the active eukaryotic TGT is a heterodimer in solution, comprised of a catalytic QTRT1 subunit and a noncatalytic QTRT2 subunit. Bacterial TGT enzymes, that incorporate a queuine precursor, have been identified or proposed as virulence factors for infections by pathogens in humans and therefore are valuable targets for drug design. To date no structure of a eukaryotic catalytic subunit is reported, and differences to its bacterial counterpart have to be deducted from sequence analysis and models. Here we report the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic QTRT1 subunit and compare it to known structures of the bacterial TGT and murine QTRT2. Furthermore, we were able to determine the crystal structure of QTRT1 in complex with the queuine substrate.
Single-Dose Mucosal Immunization with Biodegradable Microparticles Containing a<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>Antigen (1999)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to assess the immunogenicity of a single nasal or oral administration of recombinant 28-kDa glutathione S -transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (rSm28GST) entrapped by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)- or polycaprolactone (PCL)-biodegradable microparticles. Whatever the polymer and the route of administration used, the equivalent of 100 μg of entrapped rSm28GST induced a long-lasting and stable antigen-specific serum antibody response, with a peak at 9 to 10 weeks following immunization. Isotype profiles were comparable, with immunoglobulin G1 being the predominant isotype produced. The abilities of specific antisera to neutralize the rSm28GST enzymatic activity have been used as criteria of immune response quality. Pooled 10-week sera from mice receiving PLG microparticles by the nasal or oral route neutralized the rSm28GST enzymatic activity, whereas sera of mice receiving either PCL microparticles, free rSm28GST, or empty microparticles inefficiently neutralized this enzymatic activity. Finally, this study shows that a single administration of these microparticles could provide distinct and timely release pulses of microencapsulated antigen, which might greatly facilitate future vaccine development.
Snake-Arm Robots: A New Approach to Aircraft Assembly (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes work being conducted by OC Robotics and Airbus to develop snake-arm robots to conduct assembly tasks within wing boxes - an area currently inaccessible for automation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The composite, single skin construction of aircraft structures presents new assembly challenges. Currently during box close-out it is necessary for aircraft fitters to climb into the wing box through small access panels and use manual or power tools to perform a variety of tasks. In future wing designs it may be that certain parts of the wing do not provide adequate access for manual assembly methods. It is also known that these manual interventions introduce health and safety concerns with their associated costs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Snake-arm robots provide a means to replace manual procedures by delivering the required tools to all areas of the wing box.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Such a development has broader implications for aircraft design and assembly. There is potential for considerable cost savings for the aerospace industry through reduced weight, improved aerodynamics, standardisation of assembly processes, increased rate and reduced health and safety costs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents early results of the demonstration snake-arm robot and outlines expectations for future development. It also identifies critical design parameters for the snake-arm and considers the tools and processes delivered by the snake-arm.</div>
The Dynamics of Globin Gene Expression and Position Effects (2007)

We have used gene competition to study the regulation of the human beta-globin locus in transgenic mice as a model system of a multigene locus. The locus is regulated by the locus control region (LCR), which is required for the expression of all the genes. Analysis of the locus at the single-cell level shows that the LCR appears to interact directly with the genes via a looping mechanism. This interaction is monogenic, and the level of transcription is determined by the frequency and stability of LCR/gene complex formation. These parameters are dependent both on the distance between the LCR and gene(s), and the concentration of transcription factors in the nucleus. Disturbance of complex formation leads to position effects, particularly when the locus is integrated in a heterochromatic environment.
The <i>dnaK</i> operon of <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> encodes a novel heat‐shock protein which binds to the promoter region of the operon (1995)

Transcriptional studies have demonstrated that the dnaK gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is contained within a 4.3 kb operon. The operon is transcribed from a single (transiently) heat-inducible promoter, dnaKp, that resembles the typical vegetative (sigma 70-recognized) eubacterial consensus promoter sequence. dnaK transcription was found to be heat-inducible at all stages of development in surface-grown cultures. In addition, at the normal growth temperature of 30 degrees C, dnaK transcript levels were shown to vary at different stages of development, being more abundant in young germinating cultures and in mycelium undergoing sporogenesis. The nucleotide sequence of the dnaK operon has been completed, revealing the gene organization 5'dnaK-grpE-dnaJ orfX. orfX represents a novel heat-shock gene. Its predicted product displays high similarity to the GlnR repressor proteins of Bacillus spp. and to the MerR family of eubacterial transcriptional regulators. The S. coelicolor OrfX protein has been over-produced in Escherichia coli, and DNA-binding experiments indicate that it interacts specifically with the dnaKp region, binding to three partially related inverted repeat sequences; they are centered at -75, -49 and +4, respectively, relative to the transcription start site of the operon. These results suggest that OrfX plays a direct role in the regulation of the dnaK operon.
Quality Assurance and Standardization in Immunohistochemistry. A Proposal for the Annual Meeting of the Biological Stain Commission, June, 1991 (1992)

Quality assurance, quality control, proficiency testing, reagent documentation and validation are standard parts of everyday practice in clinical laboratories throughout the United States. Immunohistochemical stains employ reagents and principles in common with immunoenzyme methods utilized in the clinical laboratory. However, immunohistochemistry has not routinely been subjected to similar standardization and quality assurance procedures that manufacturers and pathologists alike have applied to essentially the same techniques in the clinical laboratory environment. The current proposal was invited by the Biological Stain Commission with the charge of incorporating the findings of previous workshops on quality control in immunohistochemistry into a practical design for implementation. The status of quality assurance, quality control and standardization in immunohistochemistry is reviewed and a phased strategy for implementation is proposed.
Performance of mobility support mechanisms in a heterogeneous UMTS and IEEE 802.11 network offered under the IEEE 802.21 standard (2008)

Wireless networks are becoming increasingly popular. These wireless solutions range from personal networks (e.g. Bluetooth), through local (e.g. WiFi) and metropolitan area networks (e.g. WiMax) up to the cellular networks that offer the coverage almost everywhere. As the number of different wireless technologies grows, a unified and standardized mobility support algorithm for heterogeneous networks is needed. The paper evaluates the performance of mobility support mechanisms and algorithms offered by a new IEEE 802.21 standard. The heterogeneous scenario with UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks is modeled and investigated. The handover in both directions is discussed, taking into account implementation of MIH Link Going Down event for IEEE 802.11 networks, proposed by the authors. This event is used to optimize handover from IEEE 802.11 network to UMTS networks. The new, proposed in the paper solution, makes it possible to support multimedia services during the heterogenous handovers. To verify the proposed algorithm the simulation environment has been defined, based on ns-2 simulator. The number of experiments was performed to evaluate the packets lost ratio and the delays introduced by heterogenous handover.
Einfache Darstellung von Cyclohexaschwefel (S<sub>6</sub>) aus Dichlordisulfan (S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) und ionischen Iodidnen (1980)

Abstract Dichlordisulfan (S 2 Cl 2 ), gelöst in CS 2 , reagiert bei 20°C mit einer wäßrigen Kaliumiodidlösung zu S 2 I 2 , das spontan in ein Gemisch aus S 6 , S 8 , S 12 , S 18 , S 20 und größeren Schwefelringen (S X , x = 28) sowie Iod zerfällt. Reines S 6 kann mit 36% Ausbeute isoliert werden, während die Ausbeuten an S 12 (1–2%), S 18 (0,4%) und S 20 (0,4%) wesentlich kleiner sind.
Does This Patient Have Acute Cholecystitis? (2003)

No single clinical finding or laboratory test carries sufficient weight to establish or exclude cholecystitis without further testing (eg, right upper quadrant ultrasound). Combinations of certain symptoms, signs, and laboratory results likely have more useful LRs, and presumably inform the diagnostic impressions of experienced clinicians. Pending further research characterizing the pretest probabilities associated with different clinical presentations, the evaluation of patients with abdominal pain suggestive of cholecystitis will continue to rely heavily on the clinical gestalt and diagnostic imaging.
JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS (2016)

The UV-Visible absorption spectra of CR-39 polymer, unirradiated and irradiated to gamma radiation up to 500 kGy dose were studied. The development of new peaks, shifting of absorption bands and their broadening as a result of gamma irradiation were observed and analyzed. The values of optical constant like direct and indirect band gaps have been determined. The values of indirect band gap have been found to have lower values then the corresponding values of direct band gap. The increase in carbon conjugation length and size of carbon clusters has also been pointed out from the results of UV-Visible spectroscopy.
Segmentation and Tracking of the Left Ventricle in 3D MRI Sequences Using an Active Surface Model (2007)

We describe a 3D+T active surface model for segmentation and tracking of the left ventricular endocardium within 3D MRI sequences of the cardiac cycle. In order to perform segmentation and tracking simultaneously, the surface structure is divided through both time and space, and is therefore handled as an array of planar active contours, interconnected between adjacent slices and frames, providing spatial and temporal consistency. In a given frame, the stacking of slice contours constitute a 3D triangular mesh with a cylindrical topology. Extraction of ventricle border is performed by means of energy minimization, using a combination of boundary-based term and a new computationally efficient region-based term.
Electronic Properties of Chemically Produced Silver Clusters: Sensitometric Studies (2002)

Electronic properties of chemically produced silver clusters were studied using an internally sulfur-sensitized core-shell emulsion. Upon reduction sensitizing the shell of this emulsion with either dimethylamineborane or high pH the internal speed was enhanced. This is clear evidence that the surface silver clusters are hole removing sites. For our materials and experimental conditions, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that any of the chemically produced silver clusters, except for those leading to fog, had the characteristics of irreversible electron traps.
Performance Evaluation of the GPU Architecture Executing Parallel Applications (2012)

통합형셰이더 코어 구조 개발 이후 GPU는 그래픽스 전용 연산장치에서 범용 연산장치로 발달하고 있다. 특히, 병렬 응용 프로그램들은 병렬화된 하드웨어 구조를 효과적으로 활용할 수 있기 때문에, GPU를 활용하여 병렬 응용프로그램들을 실행시키는 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만, 현재의 GPU 구조는 비그래픽스 응용프로그램을 실행하는데 있어서 병렬성을 충분히 확보하지 못하다는 한계를 가지고 있기 때문에, 이를 해결하기 위해 GPU 구조는 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 GPU 구조의 개발 방향을 살펴보기 위해, 비그래픽스 병렬 응용프로그램들을 수행하는 경우에 코어 개수 및 동작 주파수 등의 하드웨어구조에 따른 GPU의 성능을 상세히 분석하고자 한다. 실험 결과, 코어 개수가 30에서 192로 늘어나고 동작주파수가 325MHz에서 450MHz로 증가함에 따라 GPU 성능은 28.9%에서 125.8%, 4.4%에서 16.2% 각각 향상되는 반면 성능 향상 효율성은 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 성능 향상 효율성 감소의 주된 원인은 향상된 연산 능력에 맞추어 증가된 데이터 요구를 메모리가 적절하게 처리하지 못하기 때문이다. 결과적으로 GPU의 성능 향상 효율성을 더욱 높이기 위해서는 연산 능력 향상과 더불어 시스템 자원들 또한 GPU 구조에 맞게 변경되어야 함을 구체적인 실험을 통해 알 수 있다. The role of GPU has evolved from graphics-specific processing to general-purpose processing with the development of unified shader core architecture. Especially, execution methods for general-purpose parallel applications using GPU have been researched intensively, since the parallel hardware architecture can be utilized efficiently when the parallel applications are executed. However, current GPU architecture has limitations in executing general-purpose parallel applications, since the GPU is not specialized for general-purpose computing yet. To improve the GPU performance when general-purpose parallel applications are executed, the GPU architecture should be evolved. In this work, we analyze the GPU performance according to the architecture varying the number of cores and clock frequency. Our simulation results show that the GPU performance improves by up to 125.8% and 16.2% as the number of cores increases and the clock frequency increases, respectively. However, note that the improvement of the GPU performance is saturated even though the number of cores increases and the clock frequency increases continuously, since the data cannot be provided to the GPU due to the limit of memory bandwidth. Consequently, to accomplish high performance effectiveness on GPU, computational resources must be more suitably considered.
Enrichment of a set of microRNAs during the cotton fiber development (2009)

The present study is the first to deep sequence the small RNA population of G. hirsutum ovules where cotton fibers initiate and develop. Millions of unique miRNA sequences ranging from 18 to approximately 28 nt in length were detected. Our results support the importance of miRNAs in regulating the development of different cell types and indicate that identification of a comprehensive set of miRNAs in cotton fiber cells would facilitate our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for fiber cell initiation and elongation.
Combining Bottom-Up, Top-Down, and Smoothness Cues for Weakly Supervised Image Segmentation (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of weakly supervised semantic image segmentation. Our goal is to label every pixel in a new image, given only image-level object labels associated with training images. Our problem statement differs from common semantic segmentation, where pixelwise annotations are typically assumed available in training. We specify a novel deep architecture which fuses three distinct computation processes toward semantic segmentation - namely, (i) the bottom-up computation of neural activations in a CNN for the image-level prediction of object classes; (ii) the top-down estimation of conditional likelihoods of the CNN's activations given the predicted objects, resulting in probabilistic attention maps per object class; and (iii) the lateral attention-message passing from neighboring neurons at the same CNN layer. The fusion of (i)-(iii) is realized via a conditional random field as recurrent network aimed at generating a smooth and boundary-preserving segmentation. Unlike existing work, we formulate a unified end-to-end learning of all components of our deep architecture. Evaluation on the benchmark PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset demonstrates that we outperform reasonable weakly supervised baselines and state-of-the-art approaches.
VLA-4 integrin can mediate CD11/CD18-independent transendothelial migration of human monocytes. (1993)

The migration of human monocytes across unactivated and activated human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE) in response to chemotactic factors was studied, and the adhesion molecules involved were characterized. Migration of blood monocytes or U937 cell line-derived monocytes across unactivated HUVE induced by C5a, was partially inhibited (by 75%) by mAbs (R15.7 or 60.3) to CD18 of the CD11/CD18 complex on the monocyte. However, when the HUVE was pretreated for 5 h with IL-1 alpha (0.1 ng/ml), TNF-alpha (100 U/ml), or LPS (1 ng/ml), migration induced by C5a was no longer inhibited; i.e., migration became CD18 independent. The monocyte CD18-independent migration was completely blocked by mAbs against alpha 4 or beta 1 integrin chains of VLA-4. This migration was also partially inhibited by mAbs against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a major counter-receptor on HUVE for VLA-4, but not by mAbs to E-selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The significant CD18-independent migration across "unactivated" HUVE was also inhibited by mAbs against alpha 4 or beta 1 chains of VLA-4, although mAbs against VCAM-1 did not inhibit under these conditions. Finally, considerable VLA-4-dependent transendothelial migration to C5a was also observed with monocytes from a patient with CD18 deficiency (leukocyte adhesion deficiency). These results suggest that (a) there is a major CD18-independent component in monocyte chemotactic factor-dependent migration across activated and unactivated endothelium; (b) that VLA-4 integrin on the monocyte has a major role in this migration; and (c) that VCAM-1 on activated endothelium functions as a counter-receptor in this process, but other ligands for VLA-4, especially on unactivated endothelium, may also be involved.
Scalable Modulation for Scalable Wireless Videocast (2010)

In conventional wireless systems with layered architectures, the physical layer treats all data streams from upper layers equally and apply the same modulation and coding schemes. Newer systems such as Digital Video Broadcast start to introduce hierarchical modulation schemes with SuperPosition preCoding (SPC) and support data streams of different priorities. However, SPC requires specialized hardware and has high complexity beyond most existing handheld devices. We thus propose scalable modulation (s-mod) by reusing the current mainstream modulation schemes with software-based bit-remapping. In this paper, we study how to optimize the configuration of the PHY layer s-mod and coding schemes to maximize the utility of videos with Scalable Video Coding (SVC). Simulation results demonstrate significant performance gains using s-mod and the cross-layer optimization, indicating s-mod and SVC is a good combination for wireless video multicast.
Not All Packets Are Equal, Part I: Streaming Video Coding and SLA Requirements (2009)

In this first part of a two-part article, the authors consider the network factors that impact the viewers' quality of experience (QoE) for IP-based video-streaming services such as IPTV. They describe the IP service-level requirements for a transported video service and explain MPEG encoding to help readers better understand the impact that packet loss has on viewers' QoE.
CD uniformity improvement for EUV resists process: EUV resolution enhancement layer (2011)

Extreme ultra violet (EUV) resists have been developed to be able to print sub-30nm L/S features with EUV alpha DEMO tool (ADT) having 0.25NA. However, a lithographic performance of EUV resist is not comparable to that of DUV resist. At same process constant (k1), the imaging capability of EUV resist is poor than that of DUV resists. The most critical issues are line width roughness (LWR) and critical dimension (CD) variation across a field. Although there are many studies to improve the LWR of EUV resist, the issue on CD variation across a field is not much explored, because the problem can be detected at full field exposure. In this paper, sources of the CD variation across a field are mainly investigated, and solutions to improve the CD uniformity are explored. Out of band (OOB) radiation and its reflectivity at REticle MAsking (REMA) unit of scanner or absorber of mask is regarded as one of the sources which aggravates imaging quality of EUV resist. In addition, the optical density of black border at EUV wavelength is also known to have an impact on this CD variation. Although the exact spectrum of OOB radiation is not open, LASER produced plasma (LPP) type source and discharge produced plasma (DPP) type source are believed to have the OOB radiation. Therefore, to improve pattern fidelity and LWR of EUV resist, the mitigation of OOB radiation impact is required. It is found that the resist sensitivity to DUV compared to EUV is important, and this property affects on CD uniformity. Furthermore, new material which can mitigate the OOB radiation impact is developed. This material is applied as an additional layer on conventional EUV resist film, and shows no intermixing. Process window is not changed by applying this layer. The filtering ability of OOB radiation is explored. LWR and pattern fidelity are much improved by applying this material to EUV process.