gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Conformal Printing with Aerosol Jet<sup>&#xAE;</sup> (2011)

Fabrication of 3D devices is often done by layer-wise printing of inks and resins in conjunction with treatments such as photonic curing and laser sintering. The nontreated material is typically dissolved leaving the final 3D part. Such techniques are generally limited to single materials and it can be difficult to build high resolution, 3D structures over existing 3D surfaces. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel, non-contact technique called Aerosol Jet® printing. This technique creates a collimated jet of aerosol droplets that extend 3-5 mm from the nozzle to the target. The deposited features can be as small as 10 um and a wide assortment of materials can be printed such as metal nano-particles, polymers, adhesives, ceramics, and bio-active materials. The nozzle direction and XYZ positioning is controlled by CAD/CAM software which allows conformal printing onto 2.5D substrates which have a high level of surface topography as well as fully 3D surfaces. For example, metallic traces can be printed onto 3D shapes such as trenches and vias, as well as onto sidewalls and convex and concave surfaces. We discuss the fabrication of a conformal phase array antenna, embedded circuitry and sensors, and electronic packaging.
Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays (2005)

In this review paper, a detailed overview of the transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is presented. We first introduce the transflector classifications based on their composition and properties. Then, in reviewing the development history, we investigate the mainstream transflective LCDs, including their operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the image quality issues of transflective LCDs, such as color balance, image brightness, and viewing angle, are discussed.
A New Route to Perfluorovinylamines by the Pyrolytic Reaction of an Alkali Metal Salt of Perfluoro(2-dialkylamino-propionic acids) (1988)

Abstract A potentially general route to various kinds of perfluorovinylamines is described involving a pyrolysis of an alkali metal salt of perfluoro(2-dialkylamino-propionic acids)
Downhole High-Power Laser Tools Development and Evolutions (2018)

Abstract The objective of this work is to present the development and evolutions of different high-power laser tools and their subsurface applications. These tools provide innovative and non-damaging alternatives to current downhole conventional technologies. In the lab, the laser technology has been proven to improve the flow properties and communication between the wellbore and formation. To achieve this efficiently in the field it is necessary to develop different tool designs and configurations, manufacture prototypes, conduct extensive tests, and optimize each part before upscale for field operations. The laser source is mounted in a coil tubing rig at the surface; the coil contains the optical fiber cable used to convey the energy to the downhole tool. The tool combines mechanical and optical components to transform, control, and direct the laser beam. The design and configuration of each tool assembly varies depending on the targeted application. For example, the perforation tool converts and splits the beam into several horizontal beams; whereas the drilling tool emits a straight beam with controlled size for deeper penetration. They also incorporate purging capabilities to circulate gas or fluid to clean the hole from the debris and carry the cuttings. The entire assembly must be made to fit in slim holes as small as four inches. And finally, ruggedized to operate in a complex environment with high pressure and temperature. The technology improves reach and provides versatility in a compact and environmentally friendly manner. For example, it is a waterless technology when it is used for fracturing, and a non-explosive based perforation when it is used to perforate. The unique features of the technology enable a precise, controlled, and oriented delivery of energy in any direction, regardless of the reservoir stress orientation and magnitude. Thus, it enhances reach to produce from pay zones that are bypassed by current conventional technologies and practice. The motivation to search for alternative technologies is the advancement of technologies including high power lasers, also the need to enhance several applications in deeper wells in an environmentally friendly manner.
Polymer pendant crown thioethers for removal of mercury from acidic wastes (1998)

Removal and immobilization of mercury ions from industrial waste streams is a difficult and expensive problem requiring an efficient and selective extractant that is resistant to corrosive conditions. We have now developed an acid-resistant thiacrown polymer that has potential utility as a selective and cost-effective Hg<sup>2+</sup> extractant. Copolymerization of a novel C-substituted thiacrown, N,N-(4-vinylbenzylmethyl)-2-aminomethyl- ,4,&l 1,14- pentathiacycloheptadecane, with DVB (80% divinylbenzene) using a radical initiator generated a highly cross-linked polymer containing pendant thiacrowns. Mercury extraction capabilities of the polymer were tested in acidic media (pH range: 1.5 to 6.2) and the extraction of Hg<sup>2+</sup> was determined to be 95<sup>+</sup>% with a mixing time of 30 minutes. The thiacrown polymer was also determined to be selective for Hg*+, competing ions such as Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, A1<sup>3+</sup>, and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. even in the presence of high concentrations of The bound Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions can then be stripped from the polymer, allowing the polymer to be reused without significant loss of loading capacity.
Development of an Empirical Equation to Predict Hydraulic Fracture Closure Pressure from the Initial Shut-in Pressure after Treatment (2017)

Abstract During hydraulic fracturing operations, conventional pressure fall-off analyses (G-Function, Square Root of Time, and Diagnostic Plots) are the main methods for predicting fracture closure pressure. However, there are situations when it is not practical to determine the fracture closure pressure using these analyses. These conditions occur when closure time is long, such as in mini-frac tests in very tight formations, or waste fluid injection in reservoirs where there is low native permeability or where there is significant near wellbore damage. In these situations, it can take several days for the shut-in pressure to stabilize enough for conventional pressure fall-off tests analyses to be used. Thus, the objective of the present study is to attempt to correlate the fracture closure pressure to the early time fall off data using the field-measured Initial Shut-in Pressure (ISIP), rock properties and pumped / injection volumes. A study of the injection pressure history of many injection wells with multiple hydraulic fractures in a variety of rock lithologies shows an interesting relationship between the fracture closure pressure and the initial shut-in pressure. An empirical equation has been created to calculate the fracture closure pressure as a function of the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) and the injection formation rock properties. Such rock properties include formation permeability, formation porosity, reservoir pressure, overburden pressure, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus. An empirical equation was developed using the injected volumes combined with data obtained from geomechancial models and core analysis of a wide range of injection horizons in terms of lithology type: Sandstone, Carbonate, and Shale. The empirical equation was validated using different case studies by comparing the predicted fracture closure pressure calculated using the developed empirical equation to the measured fracture closure pressure value. The reported correlation predicted the fracture closure pressure with a relative error of less than 6%. Also, the empirical equation was used to predict the fracture closure pressure in a shale formation with less than 3% error. The new empirical equation predicts the fracture closure pressure using a single point of falloff pressure data, the ISIP, without the need to conduct a conventional fracture closure analysis. This allows the operator to avoid having to collect pressure data between shut-in and until the actual fracture closure point which can take several days in highly damaged, very tight, and/or shale formations. Moreover, in operations with multiple batch injection events into the same interval / perforations, as is often found cuttings / slurry injection operations, the trends in closure pressure evolution can be tracked even if the fracture is never allowed to close.
Nitisinone improves eye and skin pigmentation defects in a mouse model of oculocutaneous albinism (2011)

Mutation of the tyrosinase gene (TYR) causes oculocutaneous albinism, type 1 (OCA1), a condition characterized by reduced skin and eye melanin pigmentation and by vision loss. The retinal pigment epithelium influences postnatal visual development. Therefore, increasing ocular pigmentation in patients with OCA1 might enhance visual function. There are 2 forms of OCA1, OCA-1A and OCA-1B. Individuals with the former lack functional tyrosinase and therefore lack melanin, while individuals with the latter produce some melanin. We hypothesized that increasing plasma tyrosine concentrations using nitisinone, an FDA-approved inhibitor of tyrosine degradation, could stabilize tyrosinase and improve pigmentation in individuals with OCA1. Here, we tested this hypothesis in mice homozygous for either the Tyrc-2J null allele or the Tyrc-h allele, which model OCA-1A and OCA-1B, respectively. Only nitisinone-treated Tyrc-h/c-h mice manifested increased pigmentation in their fur and irides and had more pigmented melanosomes. High levels of tyrosine improved the stability and enzymatic function of the Tyrc-h protein and also increased overall melanin levels in melanocytes from a human with OCA-1B. These results suggest that the use of nitisinone in OCA-1B patients could improve their pigmentation and potentially ameliorate vision loss.
Stochastic Digital Circuits for Probabilistic Inference (2008)

We introduce combinational stochastic logic, an abstraction that generalizes deterministic digital circuit design (based on Boolean logic gates) to the probabilistic setting. We show how this logic can be combined with techniques from contemporary digital design to generate stateless and stateful circuits for exact and approximate sampling from a range of probability distributions. We focus on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for Markov random fields, using massively parallel circuits. We implement these circuits on commodity reconfigurable logic and estimate the resulting performance in time, space and price. Using our approach, these simple and general algorithms could be affordably run for thousands of iterations on models with hundreds of thousands of variables in real time.
Visual Stimulus–Induced Changes in Human Near-Infrared Fundus Reflectance (2006)

There was a localized decrease in reflectance in response to 780-nm near-infrared light in the retinal region exposed to a visual stimulus, which was significant in three of five subjects. It is presumed that the reflectance change represents the functional activity of the retina in response to a visual stimulus.
Activation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Reduces Ischemic Damage to the Heart (2008)

There is substantial interest in the development of drugs that limit the extent of ischemia-induced cardiac damage caused by myocardial infarction or by certain surgical procedures. Here, using an unbiased proteomic search, we identified mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) as an enzyme whose activation correlates with reduced ischemic heart damage in rodent models. A high-throughput screen yielded a small-molecule activator of ALDH2 (Alda-1) that, when administered to rats before an ischemic event, reduced infarct size by 60%, most likely through its inhibitory effect on the formation of cytotoxic aldehydes. In vitro, Alda-1 was a particularly effective activator of ALDH2*2, an inactive mutant form of the enzyme that is found in 40% of East Asian populations. Thus, pharmacologic enhancement of ALDH2 activity may be useful for patients with wild-type or mutant ALDH2 who are subjected to cardiac ischemia, such as during coronary bypass surgery.
Augmented reality using spatially multiplexed structured light (2012)

Augmented reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated 3-D graphics or 2-D information on the user's view of a surrounding environment in real-time, enhancing the user's perception of the real world. Typical AR systems either use fiducial markers or information about an object in the scene for AR tracking. The former, called marker-based AR, requires artificial markers be placed in the scene to be tracked by the system. When applied to mobile applications, these markers clutter the small view in the mobile device. Often times in the latter method, markerless AR, there is a requirement for offline training of some sort making it unsuitable for unprepared environments. In applications which do not have these requirements, such as structure from motion (SFM) approaches, there can still be the requirement of an initial reference object in the application. Based on these remarks, this research focuses on markerless AR in mobile applications and proposes a tracking method using structured light (SL). The proposed architecture consists of a three-stage process. In the first stage, invariant feature tracking methods are implemented to track real regions between successive video frames. Spatially multiplexed SL, involving projecting a known active image onto a scene, is used to extract 3D range data from a captured image in the second stage. The final stage utilizes the captured 3D data and tracking information to impose AR activities into the live video.
WIDE-FIELD SMARTPHONE FUNDUS VIDEO CAMERA BASED ON MINIATURIZED INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY (2017)

Toslak, Devrim MD*,†; Ayata, Ali MD‡; Liu, Changgeng PhD*; Erol, Muhammet Kazim MD†; Yao, Xincheng PhD*,§ Author Information
Microlaser spectroscopy for quantifying anemia by intracellular blood hemoglobin measurements (1998)

Summary form only given. The authors present a new analysis of single-cell hemoglobin using a microcavity laser. Such microlaser techniques have the potential to be rapid, inexpensive alternatives to conventional hematologic methods that require expensive instruments. The method determines the concentration of hemoglobin and its variation among red blood cells using only 10 pl of whole blood diluted in saline. A schematic shows the cells in the microcavity. Two different red cell optical modes and corresponding stimulated emission spectra are shown. The spontaneous emission spectra are recorded with and without the cell present, respectively. A dominant peak at 840 nm corresponds to the longitudinal mode of the cavity containing only the blood plasma. With the cell present, a series of spectral peaks occurs on the long wavelength side of the longitudinal mode. These peaks correspond to transverse optical modes confined by the red blood cell. The rightmost peak in this series is the fundamental.
Catalytically Activated Palladium@Platinum Nanowires for Accelerated Hydrogen Gas Detection (2015)

Platinum (Pt)-modified palladium (Pd) nanowires (or Pd@Pt nanowires) are prepared with controlled Pt coverage. These Pd@Pt nanowires are used as resistive gas sensors for the detection of hydrogen gas in air, and the influence of the Pt surface layer is assessed. Pd nanowires with dimensions of 40 nm (h) × 100 nm (w) × 50 μm (l) are first prepared using lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. A thin Pt surface layer is electrodeposited conformally onto a Pd nanowire at coverages, θPt, of 0.10 monolayer (ML), 1.0 ML, and 10 ML. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements is consistent with a layer-by-layer deposition mode for Pt on the Pd nanowire surface. The resistance of a single Pd@Pt nanowire is measured during the exposure of these nanowires to pulses of hydrogen gas in air at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 vol %. Both Pd nanowires and Pd@Pt nanowires show a prompt and reversible increase in resistance upon exposure to H2 in air, caused by the conversion of Pd to more resistive PdHx. Relative to a pure Pd nanowire, the addition of 1.0 ML of Pt to the Pd surface alters the H2 detection properties of Pd@Pt nanowires in two ways. First, the amplitude of the relative resistance change, ΔR/R0, measured at each H2 concentration is reduced at low temperatures (T = 294 and 303 K) and is unaffected at higher temperatures (T = 316, 344, and 376 K). Second, response and recovery rates are both faster at all temperatures in this range and for all H2 concentrations. For higher θPt = 10 ML, sensitivity to H2 is dramatically reduced. For lower θPt = 0.1 ML, no significant influence on sensitivity or the speed of response/recovery is observed.
Stokes shift emission spectroscopy of cancer and normal breast tissues (2004)

The Stokes-shifted emission spectra were measured for cancer and normal tissues. This approach reveals more clearly defined information on molecular activity in tissue than obtained from excitation and/or fluorescence spectroscopy for a single spectral scan.
Nonlinear Thermal Compensators for WGM Resonators (2009)

In an alternative version of a proposed bimaterial thermal compensator for a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonator, a mechanical element having nonlinear stiffness would be added to enable stabilization of a desired resonance frequency at a suitable fixed working temperature. The previous version was described in Bimaterial Thermal Compensators for WGM Resonators. Both versions are intended to serve as inexpensive means of preventing (to first order) or reducing temperature-related changes in resonance frequencies.
A novel dominant transformer allele of the sex-determining gene her-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans. (1988)

We have characterized a novel dominant allele of the sex-determining gene her-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans. This allele, called n695, results in the incomplete transformation of XX animals into phenotypic males. Previously characterized recessive her-1 alleles transform XO animals into phenotypic hermaphrodites. We have identified five new recessive her-1 mutations as intragenic suppressors of n695. Three of these suppressors are weak, temperature-sensitive alleles. We show that the recessive her-1 mutations are loss-of-function alleles, and that the her-1(n695) mutation results in a gain-of-function at the her-1 locus. The existence of dominant and recessive alleles that cause opposite phenotypic transformations demonstrates that the her-1 gene acts to control sexual identity in C. elegans.
Magnetic Perturbation Effects on Noise and Startup in DC-Operating Oven Magnetrons (2005)

Previous experiments demonstrated that imposing an azimuthally varying axial magnetic field, axially asymmetric, in dc-operating oven magnetrons causes rapid mode growth (by magnetic priming) and significant noise reduction. This configuration was previously implemented by adding five perturbing magnets on the upper existing magnet of the magnetron. Experiments reported here add five perturbing magnets on each of the two existing magnets of the magnetron, restoring the axial symmetry of the magnetic field, while maintaining the five-fold azimuthal magnetic field symmetry. Compared with the unperturbed magnetic field case, it has been observed that the noise close to the carrier is reduced by up to 20 dB, while the sidebands are not completely eliminated for medium and high currents. Magnetron start-oscillation currents are somewhat higher for this axially symmetric, azimuthally varying magnetic field as compared to the baseline unperturbed magnetic field.
Laser Induced Patterning of Transparent Ceramics and Metallic Thin Films for Photonic and Sensing Applications (2014)

Abstract : We developed novel laser processing of materials studies and techniques. Based on these we achieved demostration of waveguides forming on transparent polycrystalline ceramics. Also, we demonstrated the formation of metallic oxides by very fast delivery of ultra low energy femtosecond laser pulses. Apart of scientific publications, we issued patent applications.
An efficient multipath routing algorithm for multipath TCP in Software-Defined Networks (2016)

Due to the rapid growth of Software-Defined Networks, we can manage network traffic easier than before. One of the major issues on SDN is the multipath routing protocols due to its complexity of optimum path selection among the multiple routes. In this paper, we focus on Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP is an extension of TCP that increases the throughput of TCP communication significantly by utilizing multiple paths transmission rather than a single path. We consider the multipath routing problem as a k Max-Min bandwidth disjoint paths one. The problem is to find k disjoint paths with relative higher throughput and the smallest bottleneck bandwidth of the k paths is the maximum. Since this problem is NP-complete, we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve this problem in polynomial time. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm perform better than previous work in terms of average throughput and average hop count.
An omnidirectional electromagnet for remote manipulation (2013)

An Omnimagnet is an omnidirectional electromagnet comprised of a ferromagnetic core inside of three orthogonal nested solenoids. It generates a magnetic dipole-field with both a variable dipole-moment magnitude and orientation with no moving parts. The design of an Omnimagnet, in which each solenoid has the same dipole moment and minimizes the differences between each of the solenoid's fields, is provided and optimized for strength by tailoring the size of the spherical core used to amplify the solenoids' field. This design is then analyzed using FEA tools and shown to be dipole-like in nature. Various magnetic control methods are then motivated by providing the necessary equations relating the three applied currents to applied field, torque, or force on an adjacent magnetic device. Finally, the optimal design is constructed and its utility is demonstrated by driving a helical capsule endoscope mockup through a transparent lumen.
Artemisinin-Derived Dimer Diphenyl Phosphate Is an Irreversible Inhibitor of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication (2012)

We previously reported that among a series of artemisinin-derived monomers and dimers, dimer diphenyl phosphate (838) was the most potent inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. Our continued investigation of a prototypic artemisinin monomer (artesunate [AS]) and dimer (838) now reveals that both compounds have specific activity against CMV but do not inhibit lytic replication of human herpesvirus 1 or 2 or Epstein-Barr virus. AS and 838 inhibited CMV replication during the first 24 h of the virus replication cycle, earlier than the time of ganciclovir (GCV) activities and prior to DNA synthesis. Neither compound inhibited virus entry. Quantification of DNA replication and virus yield revealed a similar level of inhibition by GCV, but AS and 838 had a 10-fold-higher inhibition of virus yield than of DNA replication, suggesting that artemisinins could inhibit CMV through multiple steps: a predominant early inhibition and possibly an additional step following DNA replication. During the strong early CMV inhibition, the transcription of immediate-early genes was not significantly downregulated, and viral protein expression was reduced only after 48 h. AS and GCV were reversible CMV inhibitors, but the inhibition of CMV replication by 838 was irreversible. Combinations of GCV and 838 as well as GCV and AS were highly synergistic. Finally, treatment with 838, but not AS, prior to CMV infection demonstrated strong anti-CMV activity. These findings illustrate the unique activities of dimer 838, including early and irreversible CMV inhibition, possibly by tight binding to its target.