gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of topological defects on graphene geometry and stability (2010)

The effect of two basic topological defects, mitosis and the Stone-Wales defect, is studied in the graphene structure. The topological rules of the curvatures due to the occurrence of the defects in different arrangements are determined. Despite the fact that the causes and the probability of these topological defects are not known today, this theoretical work studies the distortions caused by the defects geometry and stability of the graphene structure.
Scientific American Medicine. (1991)

Cardiovascular medicine dermatology endocrinology gastroenterology hermatology immunology infectious disease interdiscplinary medicine metabolism nephrology neurology oncology psychiatry respiratory medicine.
Detection of signaling system 7 attack in network function virtualization using machine learning (2018)

The mass popularization of telecommunication services has led to a heavily loaded Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) network. SS7 was originally well protected because the communication networks were controlled by trusted state-owned telecom operators. Switching to the IP technology and deregulation has made it fairly easy for third parties to gain access to the once protected SS7 network. For many vendors, Signaling Transfer Points (STPs) have already evolved from TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) proprietary hardware to an IP proprietary hardware solution. So the next step is moving to a virtualized solution such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The intersection of SS7 and NFV has also introduced several new security challenges. In this work, we present the vulnerabilities of SS7 messages to cyber-attacks in a virtualized environment. A network simulation model under SS7 attack is developed. In order to mitigate these attacks machine learning techniques are applied to the gathered network traffic.
Water Expandable Polystyrene-Organoclay Nanocomposites: Role of Clay and Its Dispersion State (2009)

A published process for preparing expandable polystyrene containing water as a blowing agent was applied to synthesize water expandable polystyrene-organoclay nanocomposites (WEPS-OCN). Organoclay was uniformly dispersed in styrene monomer. During suspension polymerization, water was trapped in the polystyrene (PS) matrix through the use of starch, ending up with spherical PS-organoclay beads. By selecting organoclays with various surfactants and modifier concentrations, different distribution states of nanoclay in the PS matrix, from cluster (poor dispersion) to either intercalated (limited dispersion) or exfoliated (full dispersion) were obtained. The incorporation of organoclay led to higher water content in the expandable beads. However, as expected, the flammability of the expanded product was increased with organoclay content. Furthermore, the results showed that the average unexpanded bead size, density of preexpanded beads, foam cell morphology, and flammability were directly influenced by the dispersion status of the organoclay. The best results were obtained when full dispersion (exfoliation) of nanoclay in PS matrix occurred.
A global gradient-noise covariance expression for stationary real Gaussian inputs (1995)

Supervised parameter adaptation in many artificial neural networks is largely based on an instantaneous version of gradient descent called the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. This paper considers only neural models which are linear with respect to their adaptable parameters and has two major contributions. First, it derives an expression for the gradient-noise covariance under the assumption that the input samples are real, stationary, Gaussian distributed but can be partially correlated. This expression relates the gradient correlation and input correlation matrices to the gradient-noise covariance and explains why the gradient noise generally correlates maximally with the steepest principal axis and minimally with the one of the smallest curvature, regardless of the magnitude of the weight error. Second, a recursive expression for the weight-error correlation matrix is derived in a straightforward manner using the gradient-noise covariance, and comparisons are drawn with the complex LMS algorithm.
Testing for Homogeneity with Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (2008)

We propose to investigate test statistics for testing homogeneity in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Asymptotic null distributions under null hypothesis are derived, and consistency against fixed and local alternatives is assessed. Finally, experimental evidence of the performance of the proposed approach on both artificial data and a speaker verification task is provided.
Bringing preconditioning and postconditioning into focus (2006)

After many years of debate during which the preponderance of opinion was skeptical about the experimental and clinical existence of reperfusion injury (with attitudes ranging between polite condescendence and overt denial), it can be said that the controversy has been now largely resolved, and that the death of cardiomyocytes during reperfusion is now generally admitted as a fact. Perhaps this agreement is still more firm in the experimental literature than in clinical cardiology. The discovery of the phenomenon of postconditioning [1] has undoubtedly contributed to this change of opinion. The first reports of postconditioning the human heart by Laskey et al. and Ovize et al. certainly support the concept of reperfusion injury as a clinical entity that can be measured even in a small group of patients [2,3]. The report by Zhao et al. [1] has aroused a renewed interest in the mechanisms of cell death during ischemia–reperfusion, and of endogenous protection against it [4]. Postconditioning is as powerful as preconditioning and has the potential of being clinically applicable in the most common situation of unexpected coronary occlusion and acute myocardial infarction [3]. Yet, the mechanisms by which postconditioning limits reperfusion-induced cell death and the relationship between the mechanisms in pre- and postconditioning are far from being completely understood. The present Spotlight Issue presents a series of review articles with the aim of providing an up-to-date overview of the state of the art in the rapidly moving field of research on endogenous protection against myocardial cell death secondary to ischemia–reperfusion.

The reason for the resurrection of this field of research is that it is necessary to gain an adequate … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 93 489 4038; fax: +34 93 489 4032. Email address: dgdorado{at}vhebron.net
Controlling electron propagation on a topological insulator surface via proximity interactions (2014)

The possibility of electron beam guiding is theoretically explored on the surface of a topological insulator through the proximity interaction with a magnetic material. The electronic band modification induced by the exchange coupling at the interface defines the path of electron propagation in analogy to the optical fiber for photons. Numerical simulations indicate the guiding efficiency is much higher than that in the ``waveguide'' formed by an electrostatic potential barrier such as $p$-$n$ junctions. Furthermore, the results illustrate effective flux control and beam steering that can be realized by altering the magnetization/spin texture of the adjacent magnetic materials. Specifically, the feasibility to switch on and off and make a large-angle turn is demonstrated under realistic conditions. Potential implementation to logic and interconnect applications is also examined in connection with electrically controlled magnetization switching.
Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein With Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Individuals Without Cognitive Impairment (2018)

Elevated CSF NfL levels but not CSF T-tau, P-tau or Ng are a risk factor for MCI in a community population and are independent of brain amyloid.
Lithium/disulfide battery R and D (1987)

The focus of molten-salt cell R and D in the past year at Argonne National Laboratory has been on developing an understanding of the excellent performance and stability of a lithium/disulfide cell using LiCl-LiBr-KBr electrolyte. For further improvement, we have initiated development of a rod-electrode cell design and design of cells which can tolerate overdischarge and overcharge abuse. Earlier Li/FeS/sub 2/ cells offered performance quite below expectations and had high capacity decline rates: 0.10 to 0.25% per cycle. Approaches for reducing the capacity decline rates of the earlier cells also reduced cell performance. However, our improved Li/FeS/sub 2/ cell tests indicate good prospects for attaining cell development goals of specific energy of 200 Wh/kg at a 4-h discharge rate, a specific power of 200 W/kg at 80% depth of discharge, and a cycle life of 1000 cycles. 3 figs., 1 tab.
A Terminological Search Algorithm for Ontology Matching (2012)

Most of the ontology alignment tools use terminological techniques as the initial step and then apply the structural techniques to refine the results. Since each terminological similarity measure considers some features of similarity, ontology alignment systems require exploiting different measures. While a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing various terminological similarity measures and also developing various ontology alignment systems, little attention has been paid to develop similarity search algorithms which exploit different similarity measures in order to gain benefits and avoid limitations. We propose a novel terminological search algorithm which tries to find an entity similar to an input search string in a given ontology. This algorithm extends the search string by creating a matrix from its synonym and hypernyms. The algorithm employs and combines different kind of similarity measures in different situations to achieve a higher performance, accuracy, and stability in comparison with previous methods which either use one measure or combine more measures in a naive ways such as averaging. We evaluated the algorithm using a subset of OAEI Bench mark data set. Results showed the superiority of proposed algorithm and effectiveness of different applied techniques such as word sense disambiguation and semantic filtering mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: MCPBA Epoxidation of Alkenes: Reinvestigation of Correlation Between Rate and Ionization Potential. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Software Deployment Method Based on Installation Packages (2010)

The numbers of deployed computational servers in datacenters are becoming larger and larger driven by growing processing requirements, which poses a new challenge to software deployment due to the large amount of nodes involved in the deployment process. Consequently, traditional approach software deployment can not scale well because of their time-consumption properties. In order to solve this problem and provide an efficient solution, this paper proposes a new method for deploying software automatically in large-scale clusters. Softwares are classified into categories according to their installation process. We developed a software prototype SDS: Software Deployment System to verify and test the proposed method. By improving the deployment program based on the traditional installation package, the approach can resolve the difficulty of interaction between administrator and deployment processes during software deployment to achieve the automatic deployment of software. Experimental results show that the system can efficiently deploy software on Linux cluster and outperform linear growth software deployment system.
Mirror-enhanced super-resolution microscopy (2016)

Axial excitation confinement beyond the diffraction limit is crucial to the development of next-generation, super-resolution microscopy. STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) nanoscopy offers lateral super-resolution using a donut-beam depletion, but its axial resolution is still over 500 nm. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is widely used for single-molecule localization, but its ability to detect molecules is limited to within the evanescent field of ~ 100 nm from the cell attachment surface. We find here that the axial thickness of the point spread function (PSF) during confocal excitation can be easily improved to 110 nm by replacing the microscopy slide with a mirror. The interference of the local electromagnetic field confined the confocal PSF to a 110-nm spot axially, which enables axial super-resolution with all laser-scanning microscopes. Axial sectioning can be obtained with wavelength modulation or by controlling the spacer between the mirror and the specimen. With no additional complexity, the mirror-assisted excitation confinement enhanced the axial resolution six-fold and the lateral resolution two-fold for STED, which together achieved 19-nm resolution to resolve the inner rim of a nuclear pore complex and to discriminate the contents of 120 nm viral filaments. The ability to increase the lateral resolution and decrease the thickness of an axial section using mirror-enhanced STED without increasing the laser power is of great importance for imaging biological specimens, which cannot tolerate high laser power.
CATALYTIC METAL IONS AND THE LOSS OF REDUCED GLUTATHIONE FROM UNIVERSITY oF WISCONSIN PRESERVATION SOLUTION (1996)

The University of Wisconsin solution is widely used for organ preservation. We show that this fluid is often contaminated by traces of iron catalytic for free radical reactions, as demonstrated by the bleomycin assay and the ability of the iron to stimulate lipid peroxidation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) added to University of Wisconsin solution during its commercial preparation had oxidized to the disulfide in all samples examined. Addition of GSH to UW solution showed its half-life to be about one day. The metal ion chelators desferrioxamine and phenanthroline did not substantially delay the loss of GSH, although desferrioxamine was able to suppress iron-mediated lipid peroxidation induced by the contaminant iron in the preservation solution. Additional iron was released from rat liver after a period of cold storage/rewarming.
Evaluation of regression methods when immunological measurements are constrained by detection limits (2008)

The statistical analysis of immunological data may be complicated because precise quantitative levels cannot always be determined. Values below a given detection limit may not be observed (nondetects), and data with nondetects are called left-censored. Since nondetects cannot be considered as missing at random, a statistician faced with data containing these nondetects must decide how to combine nondetects with detects. Till now, the common practice is to impute each nondetect with a single value such as a half of the detection limit, and to conduct ordinary regression analysis. The first aim of this paper is to give an overview of methods to analyze, and to provide new methods handling censored data other than an (ordinary) linear regression. The second aim is to compare these methods by simulation studies based on real data. We compared six new and existing methods: deletion of nondetects, single substitution, extrapolation by regression on order statistics, multiple imputation using maximum likelihood estimation, tobit regression, and logistic regression. The deletion and extrapolation by regression on order statistics methods gave biased parameter estimates. The single substitution method underestimated variances, and logistic regression suffered loss of power. Based on simulation studies, we found that tobit regression performed well when the proportion of nondetects was less than 30%, and that taken together the multiple imputation method performed best. Based on simulation studies, the newly developed multiple imputation method performed consistently well under different scenarios of various proportion of nondetects, sample sizes and even in the presence of heteroscedastic errors.
Mixed mode fracture toughness characterization for interface and interlayer cracks in adhesive bonded joints (2002)

An approach based on fracture mechanics was employed to assess adhesive bond failure. Two types of fracture specimens were investigated. The Brazil nut sandwich (BNS) specimen and the compact mixed mode (CMM) specimen were used to determined the fracture toughness of adhesive joints. Fracture toughness measurements for interface crack and interlayer crack specimens were investigated. Mixed mode fracture criteria for interface or interlayer cracks in adhesive bonded joints were developed. The results showed that the mode II fracture toughness generally displayed a larger value than the mode I toughness. In the case of the CMM specimen, fracture toughness for interface crack feature toughness is lower than that for a cohesive interlayer crack failure. Failure analysis diagrams were generated for both interlayer and interface crack configurations.
Linear Sequence-to-Sequence Alignment (2009)

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the spatiotemporal alignment between N unsynchronized video sequences of the same dynamic 3D scene, captured from distinct viewpoints. Unlike most existing methods, which work for N = 2 and rely on a computationally intensive search in the space of temporal alignments, we present a novel approach that reduces the problem for general N to the robust estimation of a single line in IR(N). This line captures all temporal relations between the sequences and can be computed without any prior knowledge of these relations. Considering that the spatial alignment is captured by the parameters of fundamental matrices, an iterative algorithm is used to refine simultaneously the parameters representing the temporal and spatial relations between the sequences. Experimental results with real-world and synthetic sequences show that our method can accurately align the videos even when they have large misalignments (e.g., hundreds of frames), when the problem is seemingly ambiguous (e.g., scenes with roughly periodic motion), and when accurate manual alignment is difficult (e.g., due to slow-moving objects).
[A current model for training a pulmonologist]. (2013)

The paper gives data on the importance of the results of genomic and postgenomic studies and the wide practical introduction of up-to-date diagnostic imaging techniques for improving the scientific and practical branches of modern pulmonology. Great attention is paid to the initiative of the European Respiratory Society for harmonized education in respiratory medicine and for improvement of the knowledge and skills of entry-level specialists.
Environmental Effects on Compulsive Tail Chasing in Dogs (2012)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder observed both in humans and animals. Examples of Canine Compulsive Disorder (CD) include excessive tail chasing (TC), light/shadow chasing and flank sucking. We performed a questionnaire survey to investigate the characteristics of compulsive (TC) and its possible associations with environmental correlates and personality in a pet population of 368 dogs from four dog breeds. We observed an early onset of TC at 3-6 months of age and a large variation in TC frequency in all breeds, with an overrepresentation of milder cases. Almost half of the TC dogs showed lowered responsiveness during bouts and displayed also other types of compulsions more often than the controls. Interestingly, dogs that received dietary supplements, especially vitamins and minerals, expressed less TC compared to dogs that did not receive any supplements. Neutered females had less TC, suggesting an influence of ovarian hormones on TC. Tail chasers were shyer and had separated earlier from their mothers than the controls. Finally, our genetic study did not find an association between TC and CDH2, a locus previously associated with the canine flank sucking compulsion. In conclusion, the early-onset and the variable nature of the repetitive behaviour, which is affected by environmental factors such as micronutrients, neutering and maternal care, share several similar components between canine and human compulsions and supports canine TC as a model for human OCD.
Detectable reporter gene expression following transduction of adenovirus and adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 vectors within full‐thickness osteoarthritic and unaffected canine cartilage in vitro and unaffected guinea pig cartilage in vivo (2009)

Abstract This study quantified and compared the transduction efficiencies of adenoviral (Ad), Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐modified Ad, adeno‐associated viral serotype 2 (AAV2), and self‐complementary AAV2 (scAAV2) vectors within full‐thickness osteoarthritic (OA) and unaffected canine cartilage explants in vitro. Intraarticular administration of Ad and scAAV2 vectors was performed to determine the ability of these vectors to transduce unaffected guinea pig cartilage in vivo. Following explant exposure to vector treatment or control, the onset and surface distribution of reporter gene expression was monitored daily with fluorescent microscopy. At termination, explants were divided: one half was digested for analysis using flow cytometry; the remaining portion was used for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Intact articular joints were collected for real‐time RT‐PCR and IHC to detect reporter gene expression following injection of selected vectors. Ad vector transduced focal areas along the perimeters of explants; the remaining vectors transduced chondrocytes across 100% of the surface. Greater mean transduction efficiencies were found with both AAV2 vectors as compared to the Ad vector ( p ≤ 0.026). Ad and Ad‐RGD vectors transduced only superficial chondrocytes of OA and unaffected cartilage. Uniform reporter gene expression from AAV2 and scAAV2 was detected in the tangential and transitional zones of OA cartilage, but not deeper zones. AAV2 and scAAV2 vectors achieved partial and full‐thickness transduction of unaffected cartilage. In vivo work revealed that scAAV2 vector, but not Ad vector, transduced deeper zones of cartilage and menisci. This study demonstrates that AAV2 and scAAV2 are reliable vectors for use in cartilage in vitro and in vivo. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:149–155, 2010
Tyrosine kinase pathways modulate tumor susceptibility to natural killer cells (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells are primary effectors of innate immunity directed against transformed tumor cells. In response, tumor cells have developed mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated lysis through molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. In the present study, we used a lentiviral shRNA library targeting more than 1,000 human genes to identify 83 genes that promote target cell resistance to human NK cell-mediated killing. Many of the genes identified in this genetic screen belong to common signaling pathways; however, none of them have previously been known to modulate susceptibility of human tumor cells to immunologic destruction. Gene silencing of two members of the JAK family (JAK1 and JAK2) increased the susceptibility of a variety of tumor cell types to NK-mediated lysis and induced increased secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells. Treatment of tumor cells with JAK inhibitors also increased susceptibility to NK cell activity. These findings may have important clinical implications and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases being developed as therapeutic antitumor agents may also have significant immunologic effects in vivo.