gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Ocular Inflammatory Lesions with the Lipid-Derived Mediator Resolvin E1 (2010)

Stromal keratitis (SK) is a chronic immunopathological lesion of the eye caused by HSV-1 infection and a common cause of blindness in humans. The inflammatory lesions are primarily perpetuated by neutrophils with the active participation of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, targeting these immune cell types represents a potentially valuable form of therapy to reduce the severity of disease. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an endogenous lipid mediator, was shown to promote resolution in several inflammatory disease models. In the current report, we determined whether RvE1 administration begun at different times after ocular infection of mice with HSV could influence the severity of SK lesions. Treatment with RvE1 significantly reduced the extent of angiogenesis and SK lesions that occurred. RvE1-treated mice had fewer numbers of inflammatory cells that included Th1 and Th17 cells as well as neutrophils in the cornea. The mechanisms by which RvE1 acts appear to be multiple. These included reducing the influx of neutrophils and pathogenic CD4(+) T cells, increasing production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory mediators and molecules, such as IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17, KC, VEGF-A, MMP-2, and MMP-9, that are involved in corneal neovascularization and SK pathogenesis. These findings are, to our knowledge, the first to show that RvE1 treatment could represent a novel approach to control lesion severity in a virally induced immunopathological disease.
<title>Automatic defect classification system for semiconductor wafers</title> (1993)

The problem of automated defect classification has been recognized as one of the biggest challenges to successful integration of automated inspection into wafer manufacturing process. The high degree of customization required for each application adds another dimension to the inherent difficulties. For example, the input to an automatic classifier of printed circuit boards defects will be completely different from the input to a semiconductor defect classifier. Also, the heuristics used for classification will differ greatly. Furthermore, even in similar applications, different manufacturers will have different notions of how defects ought to be classified. In this paper we describe a system which attempts to automate the defect classification process, offering a high degree of adaptivity, customization and automation, with special emphasis on minimizing the need for input from a skilled user. Using Orbot's wafer inspection system, we concentrated on classification of defects on patterned wafers.
Surface-catalysed disinfection of thick Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (1998)

Transition metal catalysts were incorporated into polymers which formed the surface for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in a constant depth film fermenter (100 microns thickness), flow chamber (about 30 microns thickness) and in batch culture (< 30 microns thickness). The catalysts drive the breakdown of persulphates to reactive oxygen species. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were exposed to dilute solutions of potassium monopersulphate (20 micrograms ml-1-1 mg ml-1), significant enhancement of killing was notable for catalyst-containing surfaces over that of controls. The degree of enhancement was greatest for thin films, but was nevertheless significant for the 100 microns thick biofilms. Fluorescence probes and viability staining, in conjunction with laser confocal microscopy, showed that reactive species were generated at the biofilm-substratum interface and killed the biofilm from the inside. Reaction-diffusion limitation now concentrates the active species within the biofilm rather than protecting it, and a diffusion bump is established whereby further treatment agent is drawn to the substratum enabling relatively thick biofilms to be disinfected.
Electrochemical evaluation of electron acceptor materials (1984)

The electrochemical half-wave reduction potential (E 1/2 ) of 33 electron acceptor molecules in dry methylene chloride has been measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a mercury electrode. The differences in E 1/2 values for the reversible reduction to the corresponding anion radicals reflect the electronic influence of the substituent at different ring positions.The measurements of the half-wave reduction potentials provided a convenient method for determining the conducting energy levels of the electron relay molecules in condensed media. Repetitive potential cycle measurements provided information on the chemical stability and cyclability of the intermediate anion radicals formed during electron transport processes.
Anti-Candida activity of the anti-cancer drug tamoxifen. (1993)

Earlier workers found that tamoxifen, a drug widely used to treat breast cancer, can exert a marked antifungal action against the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this report, the earlier observation has been extended to Candida albicans, the most important of the opportunistic fungal pathogens. Experiments in which antifungal effect against logarithmic phase cells was monitored by viable count as a function of drug exposure time clearly showed that tamoxifen is highly fungicidal at 2.0 x 10(-5) M, moderately and transiently fungicidal at 1.0 x 10(-5) M, but only very weakly fungistatic at 5.0 x 10(-6) M.
A Versatile and Stereoselective Synthesis of (±)-Epibatidine (1998)

epibatidine - Diels-Alder reaction - Danishefsky's diene - O-acyl thiohydroxamate derivative - radical decarboxylation - 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane system
Evaluation of multijunction solar cell performance in radiation environments (2002)

This report contains the results of the first systematic radiation study of five types of production multijunction solar cells. Cells optimized for beginning of life (BOL) efficiency were developed and obtained under the Air Force Manufacturing Technology (ManTech) program. These included GaInP/sub 2//GaAs two junction cells from Spectrolab, and GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge three junction cells from both Spectrolab and TECSTAR. Additional two junction cells optimized for end of life (EOL) efficiency were obtained from Spectrolab. Radiation test data on EOL-optimized three junction cells were provided by Spectrolab. For all cell types I-V characteristics were obtained as a function of radiation fluence using electrons (0.6, 1.0, and 1.6 MeV) and protons (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 MeV). From these data, omnidirectional damage coefficients were calculated, assuming infinite backshielding and eight different coverglass thicknesses.
The anterior olfactory nucleus in Parkinson's disease (1995)

Impaired olfaction occurs in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), and Lewy bodies have been found in the olfactory bulb and tract. We now confirm the latter finding and show that this presence of Lewy bodies is associated with significant neuronal loss. A quantitative study of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) was performed in tissue obtained postmortem from seven patients with PD and seven age-matched controls. Neuronal loss was seen in the PD bulb and tracts (p < 0.01), and a strong correlation of neuronal loss with disease duration was detected (R = -0.87). The presence of Lewy bodies was confirmed with immunocytochemical staining for ubiquitin in all the PD cases.
A 25 Mbps, 12.4 pJ/b DQPSK Backscatter Data Uplink for the NeuroDisc Brain–Computer Interface (2019)

Wireless brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are used to study neural activity in freely moving non-human primates (NHPs). However, the high energy consumption of conventional active radios is proving to be an obstacle as research drives for wireless BCIs that can provide continuous high-rate data uplinks for longer durations (i.e. multiple days). We present a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) backscatter uplink for the NeuroDisc BCI as an alternative to active radios. The uplink achieves a 25 Mbps throughput while operating in the 915 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The DQPSK backscatter modulator was measured to have an error-vector magnitude (EVM) of 9.7% and a measured power consumption of 309 μW during continuous, full-rate transmissions, yielding an analog communication efficiency of 12.4 pJ/bit. The NeuroDisc is capable of recording 16 channels of neural data with 16-bit resolution at up to 20 kSps per channel with a measured input-referred noise of 2.35 μV. In previous work, we demonstrated the DQPSK backscatter uplink, but bandwidth constraints in the signal chain limited the uplink rate to 6.25 Mbps and the neural sampling rate to 5 kSps. This work provides new innovations to increase the bandwidth of the system, including an ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna design with a -10 dB return loss bandwidth of 12.5 MHz and a full-duplex receiver with an average self-jammer cancellation of 89 dB. We present end-to-end characterization of the NeuroDisc and validate the backscatter uplink using pre-recorded neural data as well as in vivo recordings from a pigtail macaque.
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Qatar (2022)

Abstract A number of studies reported that influenza vaccination is associated with lower risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality. We conducted a matched, test-negative, case-control study to estimate effectiveness of influenza vaccination, using Abbott’s quadrivalent Influvac Tetra vaccine, against SARS-CoV-2 infection and against severe COVID-19. The study was implemented on a population of 30,774 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Qatar during the 2020 annual influenza vaccination campaign, between September 17, 2020 and December 31, 2020, before introduction of COVID-19 vaccination. The median age in the matched samples was 36 years (interquartile range (IQR), 32-44) for cases and 35 years (IQR, 32-42) for controls. The median duration between influenza vaccination and the PCR test was 43 days (IQR, 29-62). The estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection >14 days after receiving the vaccine was 29.7% (95% CI: 5.5-47.7%). The estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against any severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 was 88.9% (95% CI: 4.1-98.7%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed main analysis results. Recent influenza vaccination is associated with an appreciable reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.
Malignant biphasic uterine tumours: carcinosarcomas or metaplastic carcinomas? (2002)

Uterine carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Mullerian tumours) are highly aggressive and have traditionally been regarded as a subtype of uterine sarcoma. However, in recent years convincing evidence has suggested that most, but not all, are monoclonal in origin rather than true collision tumours. Data confirm that the carcinomatous element is the "driving force" and that the sarcomatous component is derived from the carcinoma or from a stem cell that undergoes divergent differentiation. Thus, uterine carcinosarcomas are best regarded as metaplastic carcinomas, although the designation carcinosarcoma is likely to remain. Adjuvant treatment for uterine carcinosarcoma should probably be similar to that directed against aggressive high grade endometrial carcinomas rather than being sarcoma based. Importantly, a small proportion of uterine carcinosarcomas are true collision tumours and should be recognised as such because, in some instances, the prognosis may be better than for a similar stage carcinosarcoma.
Brain dynamics of post‐task resting state are influenced by expertise: Insights from baseball players (2016)

Post-task resting state dynamics can be viewed as a task-driven state where behavioral performance is improved through endogenous, non-explicit learning. Tasks that have intrinsic value for individuals are hypothesized to produce post-task resting state dynamics that promote learning. We measured simultaneous fMRI/EEG and DTI in Division-1 collegiate baseball players and compared to a group of controls, examining differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Participants performed a surrogate baseball pitch Go/No-Go task before a resting state scan, and we compared post-task resting state connectivity using a seed-based analysis from the supplementary motor area (SMA), an area whose activity discriminated players and controls in our previous results using this task. Although both groups were equally trained on the task, the experts showed differential activity in their post-task resting state consistent with motor learning. Specifically, we found (1) differences in bilateral SMA-L Insula functional connectivity between experts and controls that may reflect group differences in motor learning, (2) differences in BOLD-alpha oscillation correlations between groups suggests variability in modulatory attention in the post-task state, and (3) group differences between BOLD-beta oscillations that may indicate cognitive processing of motor inhibition. Structural connectivity analysis identified group differences in portions of the functionally derived network, suggesting that functional differences may also partially arise from variability in the underlying white matter pathways. Generally, we find that brain dynamics in the post-task resting state differ as a function of subject expertise and potentially result from differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4454-4471, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in fibrotic diseases (2015)

IL-33, a new member of the IL-1F, is widely expressed throughout the body and can be up-regulated by stimulation with proinflammatory factors. It has been identified as a functional ligand for the plasma membrane receptor complex that is a heterodimer consisting of membrane-bound ST2L, which is a member of the IL-1R family, and IL-1RAcP. IL-33 is crucial for the induction of Th2 immune responses. Additionally, under other circumstances, it can also act as an endogenous danger signal. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that IL-33 may be related to the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. It has proinflammatory effects in some fibrotic diseases but has anti-inflammatory effects in others. In this review, the biologic characteristics of IL-33 and the role of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in various fibrotic diseases will be discussed. We hope this overview will provide new insights for the treatment of these diseases.
Specificity for the Hairy/Enhancer of split Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins Maps outside the bHLH Domain and Suggests Two Separable Modes of Transcriptional Repression (1995)

The Hairy/Enhancer of split/Deadpan family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins function as transcriptional repressors. We have examined the mechanisms of repression used by the Hairy and E(SPL) proteins by assaying the antagonism between wild-type or altered Hairy/E(SPL) and Scute bHLH proteins during sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster. Domain swapping and mutagenesis of the Hairy and E(SPL) proteins show that three evolutionarily conserved domains are required for their function: the bHLH, Orange, and WRPW domains. However, the suppression of Scute activity by Hairy does not require the WRPW domain. We show that the Orange domain is an important functional domain that confers specificity among members of the Hairy/E(SPL) family. In addition, we show that a Xenopus Hairy homology conserves not only Hairy's structure but also its biological activity in our assays. We propose that transcriptional repression by the Hairy/E(SPL) family of bHLH proteins involves two separable mechanisms: repression of specific transcriptional activators, such as Scute, through the bHLH and Orange domains and repression of other activators via interaction of the C-terminal WRPW motif with corepressors, such as the Groucho protein.
The aromatic fluctuation index (FLU): A new aromaticity index based on electron delocalization (2004)

In this work, the aromatic fluctuation index (FLU) that describes the fluctuation of electronic charge between adjacent atoms in a given ring is introduced as a new aromaticity measure. This new electronic criterion of aromaticity is based on the fact that aromaticity is related to the cyclic delocalized circulation of pi electrons. It is defined not only considering the amount of electron sharing between contiguous atoms, which should be substantial in aromatic molecules, but also taking into account the similarity of electron sharing between adjacent atoms. For a series of rings in 15 planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we have found that, in general, FLU is strongly correlated with other widely used indicators of local aromaticity, such as the harmonic-oscillator model of aromaticity, the nucleus independent chemical shift, and the para-delocalization index (PDI). In contrast to PDI, the FLU index can be applied to study the aromaticity of rings with any number of members and it can be used to analyze both the local and global aromatic character of rings and molecules.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Kalkitoxin. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discrepancies in the Measurement of Ionic Conductivity of PEMs Using Two- and Four-Probe AC Impedance Spectroscopy (2006)

Two- and four-probe cells were designed for comparative studies of ionic conductivity of proton conducting membranes (PEMs) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Nafion 115 membrane was employed to examine the influence of cell configuration, probe geometry, and arrangement of probe. Whereas a single arc and linear responses, were observed in Nyquist plots using the 2-probe cell, multiple arcs were observed using the 4-probe cell. The linear response observed in the 2-probe configuration and the low frequency arc observed in the 4-probe configuration are due to transmission line behavior that results from a distributed interfacial capacitance coupled with the membrane’s ionic resistance at the Pt/PEM interfacial region. Increasing the distance between the probes and/or reducing the electrode contact area reduces or eliminates these low-frequency artifacts so that accurate data for ionic resistance can be obtained. Equivalent circuits for 2-probe and 4-probe cell geometries are constructed and used to extract conductivity data.
Applications of interbed multiple attenuation (2011)

Surface-related multiple attenuation schemes have proven useful in attenuating a significant proportion of the high-amplitude multiple content in seismic data. Although generally sufficient for exploration purposes, there is growing recognition that more complicated interbed multiples exist within the data and that they may interfere with the interpretation of reservoirs and other areas of interest. In this paper, we examine a data-driven method and a model-driven method for attenuating internal multiples showing both synthetic and real-world examples of their application.
Bioceramics and the origin of life (1989)

Creation of life involves establishing an organism that is capable of self-maintenance, self-reproduction, and adjustment to a changing environment. A Bioactive Substrate Theory of the origin of life is proposed, where the function of the bioactive substrates was to achieve the irreversible ordering of macromolecules into replicative structures. The ordering was a result of six precytic ordering factors which provide the mechanisms for simultaneous formation of primitive codonic-bases, anabolic processes and energy-producing, catabolic processes on bioactive inorganic glassy crystalline assemblages. Time dependent changes in the isoelectric point of the inorganic assemblages enabled the anabolic and catabolic processes to be isolated within the same bilipid membrane. The enormous diversity of inorganic glass-crystal assemblages associated with volcanic activity resulted in many alternative evolutionary pathways for the precytic structures, eventually producing the major genetic pathways for life observed today. The evidence for bioactive ordering factors is examined including selective adsorption of optically active amino acids on optically active mineral substrates and specific cellular responses to bioactive implant materials. The implications of this theory on the biochemical design of implants, and prevention of disease states in modern man are discussed.
3D Sound Localization Based on Audio and Video (2003)

In this paper, 3D sound localization is presented by fusing audio information with video signals. This localization system consists of two subsystems, an audio setup with 3 microphones in a triangular format and a video source (a camera), all mounted on a pan-tilt unit. The audio subsystem is to generate two independent time differences ΔT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> and ΔT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . Based on the set of independent time differences, a 3D curve on which the sound source lies can be derived based on the setup alone. On the other hand, the video subsystem gives a plane on which the sound source lies. The intersection between the 3D curve and the plane can be used to determine exact location, i.e., a unique solution, of the sound source. As it isfairly complicated for such an analytical approach, neural network fusion is then proposed to fuse the two systems together conveniently and seamlessly. Simulation results show that this sound localization system can locate the sound source with satisfactory accuracy.
A comparison between the time‐domain and the frequency‐domain diakoptic methods of solving field problems by transmission‐line modelling (1989)

Abstract The nature and significance of time‐domain approximations needed for a diakoptic solution using transmission‐line modelling (TLM) are examined. Truncation, filtering and repeated convolution of time responses result in severe restrictions in the accuracy of time‐domain diakoptics. The frequency‐domain diakoptic method has several advantages, including speed and simplicity, and warrants further study.
S<scp>HOOT AND</scp>F<scp>LORAL</scp>M<scp>ERISTEM</scp>M<scp>AINTENANCE IN</scp>A<scp>RABIDOPSIS</scp> (2002)

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of higher plants functions as a site of continuous organogenesis within which a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes the cells incorporated into lateral organs. This article summarizes recent results demonstrating that the fate of stem cells in Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems is controlled by overlapping spatial and temporal signaling systems. Stem cell maintenance is an active process requiring constant communication between neighboring groups of SAM cells. Information flows via a ligand-receptor signal transduction pathway, resulting in the formation of a spatial feedback loop that stabilizes the size of the stem cell population. Termination of stem cell activity during flower development is achieved by a temporal feedback loop involving both stem cell maintenance genes and flower patterning genes. These investigations are providing exciting insights into the components and activities of the stem cell regulatory pathway and into the interaction of this pathway with molecular mechanisms that control floral patterning.