gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the β-Propiolactone Treatment on the Adsorption and Fusion of Influenza A/Brisbane/59/2007 and A/New Caledonia/20/1999 Virus H1N1 on a Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/Ganglioside GM3 Mixed Phospholipids Monolayer at the Air–Water Interface (2011)

The production protocol of many whole cell/virion vaccines involves an inactivation step with β-propiolactone (BPL). Despite the widespread use of BPL, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Earlier work demonstrated that BPL alkylates nucleotide bases, but its interaction with proteins has not been studied in depth. In the present study we use ellipsometry to analyze the influence of BPL treatment of two H1N1 influenza strains, A/Brisbane/59/2007 and A/New Caledonia/20/1999, which are used for vaccine production on an industrial scale. Analyses were conducted using a mixed lipid monolayer containing ganglioside GM3, which functions as the viral receptor. Our results show that BPL treatment of both strains reduces viral affinity for the mixed monolayer and also diminishes the capacity of viral domains to self-assemble. In another series of experiments, the pH of the subphase was reduced from 7.4 to 5 to provoke the pH-induced conformational change of hemagglutinin, which occurs following endocytosis into the endosome. In the presence of the native virus the pH decrease caused a reduction in domain size, whereas lipid layer thickness and surface pressure were increased. These observations are consistent with a fusion of the viral membrane with the lipid monolayer. Importantly, this fusion was not observed with adsorbed inactivated virus, which indicates that BPL treatment inhibits the first step of virus-membrane fusion. Our data also indicate that BPL chemically modifies hemagglutinin, which mediates the interaction with GM3.
A Novel Thermally Reversible Soluble‐Insoluble Conjugated Polymer with Semi‐Fluorinated Alkyl Chains: Enhanced Transistor Performance by Fluorophobic Self‐Organization and Orthogonal Hydrophobic Patterning (2013)

SFA-PQT exhibits self-assembly via a fluorophobic effect in a non-fluorous solvent, which leads to an enhanced electrical performance. Ambipolar transistors and inverters with p- and n- type bilayers are enabled by the unique thermally reversible soluble-insoluble properties of SFA-PQT. More importantly, the hydrophobicity of SFA-PQT facilitates orthogonal hydrophobic patterning and a patterned inverter exhibits low voltage dissipation, a narrow transition zone, a high gain value, and negligible hysteresis.
Development of Novel Pea Protein-Based Nanoemulsions for Delivery of Nutraceuticals (2010)

A novel pea protein-based emulsifier was used in the production of oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. The regions of kinetically stabilized O/W emulsions were individuated in a pseudoternary diagram containing different pea protein, sunflower oil, and water fractions. The stable O/W emulsion region was widened by the addition of NaCl to the aqueous phase or, to a more significant extent, by high pressure homogenization (HPH) processing. The HPH treatment caused the formation of very fine emulsions in the nanometric range (<200 nm), with extremely high stability over time. HPH treatment affected the protein properties, resulting in a reduced water surface tension. Changes in protein structure, which were characterized by light scattering and SDS-PAGE, suggest the occurrence of the disruption of disulfide bonds, thus changing the exposition and availability of hydrophobic groups.
Quantification of liver stiffness and viscosity with SDUV: In vivo animal study (2008)

Measurement of liver elasticity (i.e., stiffness) can be used as a noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy to stage liver fibrosis, a condition afflicting hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Quantitative measurement of stiffness (in unit of Pascal) is required because liver fibrosis is a diffuse disease where abnormality is not confined to a local region and there is no normal background tissue to provide contrast. Shearwave Dispersion Ultrasound Vibrometry (SDUV) uses shear wave propagation speed measured in tissue at multiple frequencies (typically in the range of hundreds of Hertz) to solve quantitatively for both tissue elasticity and viscosity. A shear wave is stimulated within the tissue by an ultrasound push beam and monitored by a separate ultrasound detect beam. The phase difference of the shear wave between two locations along its propagation path is used to calculate shear wave speed within the tissue. An intermittent pulse sequence is developed to facilitate one array transducer for both push and detect function. Feasibility of this pulse sequence is demonstrated by SDUV measurements in porcine liver using both a dual transducer prototype and a modified commercial ultrasound scanner.
Partialsynthesen von Cardenoliden und Cardenolid‐Analogen. XIII. Synthese substituierter 14,21‐Epoxy‐5β,14β‐card‐20(22)‐enolide (1988)

Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. XIII. Synthesis of Substituted 14,21‐Epoxy‐5β,14β‐card‐20(22)‐enolide The 12‐substituted 14,21‐epoxy‐5β,14β‐card‐20(22)‐enolides 3 and 5 were synthesized by oxidation of the appropriate 17β‐(3‐furyl) derivatives 2b and 2c , respectively, with chromic acid. 5 was converted to the conjugated Δ 9(11) ‐12‐ketone 6 by dehydrogenation with selenium dioxide. The biological activities of the new compounds were investigated and are discussed.
American college of cardiology, 58th annual scientific session. (2009)

DYSIS, a study that evaluated more than 22,000 outpatients in Europe and Canada who were consecutively treated for dyslipidemia, found that most of these patients were not reaching lipid targets despite statin therapy. DYSIS was conducted at 2,987 centers, and most patients (73.6%) were treated by primary care physicians.

All patients were 45 years of age or older and were receiving a statin. Documented fasting lipid profiles were developed after they had been receiving statins for at least three months.

Dr. Gitt reported that the investigators examined the prevalence of persistent lipid abnormalities according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) risk profile criteria. Patients included those with coronary heart disease (CHD) or its risk equivalent, those with two or more risk factors, or those with no risk factors or one risk factor. Most of the patients (70%) were in the highest-risk group (n = 15,365); 19% had two or more risk factors; and 11% had zero to one risk factor. Most patients (47.7%) were receiving simvastatin (Zocor, Merck) or atorvastatin (Lipitor, Pfizer) (28%). Non-statin lipid therapies, such as ezetimibe (Zetia, Merck/Schering), fibrates, nicotinic acid, and bile-acid sequestrants, were given to 13.5% of patients.

ATP III definitions of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) for those not at goal for the three risk groups (in descending order of risk) are 100 mg/dL or higher, 130 mg/dL, or 160 mg/dL for LDL-C levels. For all groups, low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were defined as below 40 and 50 mg/dL for men and women, respectively. Elevated triglycerides were defined as 150 mg/dL or greater.

For the 19,196 patients with total lipid profiles, LDL-C targets had not been reached by 43.3% of those in the highest-risk category, by 35.7% of those with two or more risk factors, and by 16.7% of those with no risk factors or one risk factor (Table ​(Table1).1). Among patients who had not achieved LDL-C goals, two-thirds had abnormal HDL-C or triglyceride levels, or both.



Table 1

Persistent Lipid Abnormalities by Risk Categories in 19,196 Patients with Total Lipid Profiles in the Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS)



Dr. Gitt concluded: “Many patients in Europe and Canada, the majority of whom are at high risk for cardiovascular events, do not reach their LDL-C goals in spite of statin therapy.”

He said further in an interview, “There is a lot of space for improvement, either by increasing doses or by adding ezetimibe or other non-statin lipid-lowering drugs. We now have to encourage physicians to treat to target rather than just insuring that the right drugs are being taken.”
Alzheimer's disease: which type of amyloid-preventing drug agents to employ? (2013)

The current paradigm in the amyloid hypothesis brands small β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers as the toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These oligomers are fibril-like; contain β-sheet structure, and present exposed hydrophobic surface. Oligomers with this motif are capable of penetrating the cell membrane, gathering to form toxic ion channels. Current agents suppressing precursor Aβ cleavage have only met partial success; and to date, those targeting the peptides and their assemblies in the aqueous environment of the extracellular space largely fail in clinical trials. One possible reason is failure to reach membrane-embedded targets of disease-'infected' cells. Here we provide an overview, point to the need to account for the lipid environment when aiming to prevent the formation of toxic channels, and propose a combination therapy to target the species spectrum.
Efficacy of Low-Dose Cholesterol-Lowering Drug Therapy in Men With Moderate Hypercholesterolemia (1995)

Low-dose combination drug therapy for the management of hypercholesterolemia appears to be an effective means of lowering cholesterol levels that remain persistently elevated after dietary therapy, at the same time, it should carry a low risk of toxic effects.
Dynamic speaker adaptation for isolated letter recognition using MAP estimation (2005)

A dynamic speaker-adaptation algorithm for the C-MU feature-based isolated letter recognition system, FEATURE, is described. The algorithm, based on maximum a posteriori probability estimation techniques, uses the labelled observations input thus far to the classifier, as well as the a priori correlations of the features within and across the various letters or sets of letters (classes). The probability density functions (pdf) of all the classes are updated simultaneously rather than on a class-by-class basis so that the pdf of a given class is updated before any observation from that class has been input. A significant improvement in the recognition performance was observed for different vocabularies as the system tuned to the the characteristics of a new speaker. Finally, the algorithm was compared to simpler forms of dynamic adaptation. It produced a faster decrease of the error rate than the other tuning procedures. After a small number of iterations, however, the various procedures yielded similar results.
Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Antitumor Activity of LY2835219, a New Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor, in Mice Bearing Human Tumor Xenografts (2014)

Our model provides mechanistic insight into the quantitative pharmacology of LY2835219 and supports the therapeutic dose and chronic dosing strategy currently adopted in clinical studies.
A technology-independent methodology of placement generation for analog circuit (1999)

An automatic placement system with emphasis on technology independent methodology and device matching consideration for analog layout design is presented. A novel optimization approach based on circuit partitioning, simulated annealing and a branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed to solve the placement problem. The move set used to generate perturbations for annealing is capable of arriving at any topological placement. The branch-and-bound is modified to take circuit performance into consideration. Results of two silicon proven designs generated by the system demonstrate an 8X cycle time reduction as compared to a manual approach.
Visible Light Photocatalytic Bacterial Inactivation on Titanium Dioxide Coatings (2016)

The increasing number of touch surface mediated infections has steered research to look for alternative strategies that can prevent infection transmission via pathogen inactivation on surfaces. Anatase, a crystalline form of titanium dioxide, shows strong UV induced photocatalytic properties. However, nanoparticles of anatase have been found to inactivate organic contaminants in the visible spectrum. Degradation of mordant orange and inactivation of S. aureus was evaluated on anatase surfaces under visible light band pass filters across the visible light region. Inactivation shows a strong co-relation to the absorption spectrum of the dye/microbe on the surface of the anatase coating. The phenomenon is similar to dye sensitized solar cells and was not found to exist in coatings with a higher bandgap such as amorphous silica. Photocatalytic nano-crystalline anatase coatings hold potential as a visible light active disinfectant to inactivate microbes on touch surfaces over long periods of time.
Role of γδ T Cells in α-Galactosylceramide–Mediated Immunity (2012)

Attempts to harness mouse type I NKT cells in different therapeutic settings including cancer, infection, and autoimmunity have proven fruitful using the CD1d-binding glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In these different models, the effects of α-GalCer mainly relied on the establishment of a type I NKT cell-dependent immune cascade involving dendritic cell, NK cell, B cell, or conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation/regulation as well as immunomodulatory cytokine production. In this study, we showed that γδ T cells, another population of innate-like T lymphocytes, displayed a phenotype of activated cells (cytokine production and cytotoxic properties) and were required to achieve an optimal α-GalCer-induced immune response. Using gene-targeted mice and recombinant cytokines, a critical need for IL-12 and IL-18 has been shown in the α-GalCer-induced IFN-γ production by γδ T cells. Moreover, this cytokine production occurred downstream of type I NKT cell response, suggesting their bystander effect on γδ T cells. In line with this, γδ T cells failed to directly recognize the CD1d/α-GalCer complex. We also provided evidence that γδ T cells increase their cytotoxic properties after α-GalCer injection, resulting in an increase in killing of tumor cell targets. Moreover, using cancer models, we demonstrated that γδ T cells were required for an optimal α-GalCer-mediated anti-tumor activity. Finally, we reported that immunization of wild-type mice with α-GalCer enhanced the adaptive immune response elicited by OVA, and this effect was strongly mediated by γδ T cells. We conclude that γδ T cells amplify the innate and acquired response to α-GalCer, with possibly important outcomes for the therapeutic effects of this compound.
DNA Translocations through Nanopores under Nanoscale Preconfinement (2017)

To reduce unwanted variation in the passage speed of DNA through solid-state nanopores, we demonstrate nanoscale preconfinement of translocating molecules using an ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membrane separated from a single sensing nanopore by a nanoscale cavity. We present comprehensive experimental and simulation results demonstrating that the presence of an integrated nanofilter within nanoscale distances of the sensing pore eliminates the dependence of molecular passage time distributions on pore size, revealing a global minimum in the coefficient of variation of the passage time. These results provide experimental verification that the inter- and intramolecular passage time variation depends on the conformational entropy of each molecule prior to translocation. Furthermore, we show that the observed consistently narrower passage time distributions enables a more reliable DNA length separation independent of pore size and stability. We also demonstrate that the composite nanofilter/nanopore devices can be configured to suppress the frequency of folded translocations, ensuring single-file passage of captured DNA molecules. By greatly increasing the rate at which usable data can be collected, these unique attributes will offer significant practical advantages to many solid-state nanopore-based sensing schemes, including sequencing, genomic mapping, and barcoded target detection.
SkinnySensor: Enabling Battery-Less Wearable Sensors Via Intrabody Power Transfer (2021)

Tremendousadvancement inultra-low powerelectronics and radiocommunica tionshas signiﬁcantly contributed towards the fabrication of miniaturized biomedical sensors capable of capturing physiological data and transmitting them wirelessly. However, most of the wearable sensors require a battery for their operation. The battery serves as one of the critical bottlenecks to the development of novel wearable applications, as the limitations oﬀered by batteries are aﬀecting the development of new form-factors and longevity of wearable devices. In this work, we introduce a novel concept, namely Intra-Body Power Transfer (IBPT), to alleviate the limitations and problems associated with batteries, and enable wireless, batteryless wearable devices. The innovation of IBPT is to utilize the human body as the medium to transfer power to passive wearable devices, as opposed to employingon-boardbatteries for each individual device. The proposed platform eliminates the on-board rigid battery for ultra-low power and ultra-miniaturized sensors such that their form-factor can be ﬂexible, ergonomically designed to be placed on small body parts. The platform also eliminates the need for battery maintenance (e.g., recharging or replacement) for multiple wearable devices other than the central power source. The performance of the developed system is tested and evaluated in comparison to traditional Radio Frequency based solutions that can be harmful to human interaction. The system developed is capable of harvesting on average 217µW at 0.43V and provides an average sleep/high impedance mode voltage of 4.5V.
Magnetoresistance properties of thin films of the metallic oxide ferromagnet<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrRuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1995)

The magnetoresistance of epitaxial thin films (250 to 1000 \AA{} thick) of the metallic oxide ferromagnet ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ has been measured at temperatures ranging from well below to just above the Curie point (\ensuremath{\approxeq}160 K). Measurements using both transverse (nonzero Lorentz force) and longitudinal (zero Lorentz force) geometries cleanly distinguish between an orbital contribution, present only at low temperature, and a spin-flip scattering contribution, present at all temperatures, to the resistivity in magnetic field. The magnetoresistance also shows strongly hysteretic behavior with high coercive and saturation fields. Through the Curie point, the magnetoresistance magnitude shows a maximum, which results from the suppression of the phase transition in magnetic field. The temperature derivative of the zero-field resistivity also shows a discontinuous jump, as predicted by standard theory.
PERUSAKAN BARANG BUKTI OLEH APARAT KEPOLISIAN SEBAGAI TINDAKAN OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE PADA KASUS KEJAHATAN EXTRAORDINARY CRIME (2023)

Abstrak Obstruction Of Justice diartikan sebagai perbuatan menghalangi proses hukum yang dikategorikan sebagai tindakan kriminal karena menghambat penegakan hukum. Tindakan Obstruction Of Justice pada aparat penegak hukum sampai saat ini masih menjadi problem yang riskan terjadi. Beberapa bulan yang lalu telah terjadi tindakan Obstruction Of Justice Oleh pihak aparat penegak hukum kepolisian pada kasus pembunuhan berencana 5 dari 7 orang tersangka yang berasal dari petinggi polri dipecat secara tidak hormat diantaranya 1 irjen, 2 kompol, 1 kombes polri, 1 AKBP yang telah melanggar kode Etik. Kasus ini menjadi kasus terparah yang terindikasi sebagai kejahatan extraordinarycrime sepanjang sejarah pada Kepolisian RI yang merusak marwah citra lembaga penegak hukum dan mencoreng nama lembaga kepolisian dan mengimplikasikan krisis kepercayaan nasional terhadap masyarakat indonesia kepada aparat penegak hukum kepolisian. Pada penelitian ini penulis mengkaji permasalahan, yaitu: 1. Apa dasar hukum larangan perusakan barang bukti sebagai tindakan Obstruction Of Justice menurut undang-Undang Kepolisian di Indonesia? 2. Bagaimana tanggungjawab yuridis Aparat Kepolisian yang melakukan tindakan Obstruction Of Justice pada proses penyidikan dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana yang dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan Extraordinary Crime? Sementara itu tujuan penulis pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dasar hukum larangan perusakan barang bukti sebagai tindakan Obstruction Of Justice menurut undang-Undang Kepolisian di Indonesia dan mengetahui tanggungjawab yuridis Aparat Kepolisian yang melakukan tindakan Obstruction Of Justice pada proses penyidikan dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana yang dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan Extraordinary Crime. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian yuridis normatif, penulis menggunakan pendekatan case methode atau studi kasus, Pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan komparatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder melalui bahan-bahan pustaka. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber hukum primer dan sumber hukum sekunder kemudian dianalisis secara yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu menyimpulkan bahwa masalah Obstruction Of Justice karena hukum yang kurang mengatur ataukah kurangnya pengawasan (controlling) dalam penerapan hukum oleh pihak lembaga kepolisian sendiri. Atas dasar hal tersebut maka perlunya lembaga pengawasan terhadap pihak kepolisian. Salah satunya yaitu dengan membentuk satgas atau lembaga yang berperan mengawasi lembaga kepolisian. Kata kunci: Perusakan Barang Bukti, Obstruction Of Justice, Extraordinary Crime, Kepolisian.
Attention networks for image-to-text. (2017)

The paper approaches the problem of image-to-text with attention-based encoder-decoder networks that are trained to handle sequences of characters rather than words. We experiment on lines of text from a popular handwriting database with different attention mechanisms for the decoder. The model trained with softmax attention achieves the lowest test error, outperforming several other RNN-based models. Our results show that softmax attention is able to learn a linear alignment whereas the alignment generated by sigmoid attention is linear but much less precise.
Efficient motion estimation algorithm for MPEG-4 to H.264 transcoder (2005)

In this paper, we propose a fast ME (motion estimation) algorithm for MPEG-4 to H.264 transcoder. The transcoding speed is affected dominantly by the computational complexity of encoder part in transcoder, where ME module of H.264 encoder has high complexity due to considering 7 modes. In order to increase the speed of transcoding between MPEG-4 and H.264, we use 3 PMVs (predicted motion vectors) and the mode information of MBs (macroblocks) provided from the decoder part of transcoder. Since the proposed 3 PMVs are very close to an optimal motion vector, and we consider only some restricted modes according to the MB information transferred from decoder part, the proposed scheme can speed up the transcoding procedure without loss of image quality. We show simulation results that CPU time consumed by the proposed scheme has been reduced significantly while the transcoded video quality remains unchanged.
A case of blastomycosis of the prostate, epididymis and lower leg (The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Assoc. 1930, 94, no. 25) (2021)

B. Lewis, G. Cargolla. G. Stryker describe a case of blastomycosis of the prostate, epididymis and lower leg (The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Assoc. 1930, 94, No. 25). The disease was first described in 1896 by Gilchris Vol.