gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues in β‐strand III [Val<sup>30</sup>‐Val<sup>36</sup>] of <scp>d</scp>‐amino acid aminotransferase of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. YM‐1 (1996)

The beta-strand III formed by amino acid residues Val30-Val36 is located across the active site of the thermostable D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) from thermophilic Bacillus sp. YM-1, and the odd-numbered amino acids (Tyr31, Val33, Lys35) in the strand are revealed to be directed toward the active site. Interestingly, Glu32 is also directed toward the active site. We first investigated the involvement of these amino acid residues in catalysis by alanine scanning mutagenesis. The Y31A and E32A mutant enzymes showed a marked decrease in k(cat) value, retaining less than 1% of the wild-type enzyme activity. The k(cat) values of V33A and K35A were changed slightly, but the Km of K35A for alpha-ketoglutarate was increased to 35.6 mM, compared to the Km value of 2.5 mM for the wild-type enzyme. These results suggested that the positive charge at Lys35 interacted electrostatically with the negative charge at the side chain of alpha-ketoglutarate. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Glu32 residue was conducted to demonstrate the role of this residue in detail. From the kinetic and spectral characteristics of the Glu32-substituted enzymes, the Glu32 residue seemed to interact with the positive charge at the Schiff base formed between the aldehyde group of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and the epsilon-amino group of the Lys145 residue.
A 2 - 11 GHz Fully-Integrated Low Noise Amplifier for WiMAX Systems (2007)

In this paper, a 2–11 GHz WiMAX low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed and implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS process. The low noise amplifier utilizes a current-reused technique, a simple feedback system and a high-pass input matching network. The LNA presents a maximum power gain of 12.1 dB. The LNA obtained 3.6 – 3.628 dB noise figure (NF) in the frequency range of 2 – 11GHz with a power dissipation of 14.3mW under a 1.8V power supply.
Behavior of Sulfites During Fermentation and Storage of Beer (1996)

The behavior of sulfites in beer during fermentation and storage after packaging was studied using a high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence detection method that was developed for determining aldehyde-bisulfite adducts. Free sulfite and acetaldehyde-bisulfite were detected in young beer during fermentation and in Japanese commercial beers, but the other aldehyde-bisulfites were not. Sulfite showed an extremely poor reactivity with trans-2-nonenal in beer and a beer model system. Acetaldehyde-bisulfite and free sulfite decreased during beer storage and inhibited the production of acetaldehyde, indicating that acetaldehyde-bisulfite and free sulfite are oxidized by free radical reactions during beer storage and inhibit the oxidation of the other beer components.
Cytotoxic activity of styrylchromones against human tumor cell lines. (2005)

A total of 6 newly-synthesized styrylchromones (SC-1 approximately SC-6) were compared for their cytotoxic activity against three normal oral human cells (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC, periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF) and four human tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60). All compounds showed higher cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines than against normal cells. Among the 6 compounds, SC-3, SC-4 and SC-5, which have one to three methoxy groups, showed higher tumor specificity and water solubility. The cytotoxic activity of SC-3 and SC-5 was slightly reduced by a lower concentration of NADH, a quinone reductase, but that of SC-3 was enhanced by higher concentrations of NADH, possibly due to demethylation of the methoxy groups. Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that SC-3 and SC-5 induced intemucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells and production of large DNA fragment in HSC-2 cells. Both SC-3 and SC-5 enhanced the enzymatic activity to cleave the substrates for caspases 3, 8 and 9, suggesting the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. ESR spectroscopy showed that these compounds produced no detectable amount of radical and did not scavenge superoxide anion generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. The highly tumor-specific cytotoxic action and apoptosis-inducing capability of SC-3 and SC-5 suggest their applicability for cancer chemotherapy.
High gas barrier imparted by similarly charged multilayers in nanobrick wall thin films (2014)

Super oxygen barrier trilayer thin films have been deposited using two successive anionic layers of clay and polymer following every cationic polymer layer.
Threading a sophomore computer animation curriculum (2001)

One of the major problems facing educators who teach computer animation is how to balance the technical and conceptual skills required to produce effective computer animation in a manner that is holistic. Often a single class cannot deal with both the conceptual and technical issues involved. When courses are offered separately, often students don't make the connections between them. By threading the course objectives across multiple classes, students are exposed to the connections between concepts and technology, and are challenged to build their own "conceptual bridges" to integrate ideas and techniques. This article addresses issues specific to teaching computer animation: how do you introduce students to all of the technical and conceptual aspects of animation in a way that will empower them to produce meaningful work?The Computer Animation Department at Ringling School of Art and Design has three required courses for the major in the fall semester of the sophomore year. These courses serve as an introduction to animation techniques and processes which students use throughout the curriculum. The courses are Computer Animation I, Concept Development I and Traditional Animation I. For the past two years, the faculty has been working on threading the course objectives in order to make students aware of the concepts and principles that are interwoven throughout the computer animation curriculum.This "threaded curriculum" is a work in progress. Our initial goals are to define the groupings of course objectives that the classes have in common, and to begin to track the connections. As we continue to refine the process, we are seeing more ways in which the connections can be made deeper, and we have also identified problem areas where the threading does not seem to be as complete.
Cambio climático: ¿Nos enfrentamos a un puñado de alarmistas o es el momento de actuar? (2007)

La reciente publicacion del Informe Stern y del Cuarto Informe de Evaluacion (CIE) del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre Cambio Climatico (IPCC, en sus siglas inglesas) ha suscitado un gran interes. Las estimaciones de danos que se incluyen en ellos y la certidumbre cada vez mayor en torno a la naturaleza antropogenica (provocada por el hombre) de las concentraciones de emisiones de GEI se han examinado detenidamente en los circulos academicos y politicos. A pesar de las criticas que el Informe Stern ha recibido, sus principales resultados se han visto respaldados por algunos de los principales expertos en el ambito del cambio climatico asi como por el Organismo Internacional de Energia (IEA, en sus siglas inglesas). Los dos primeros apartados del presente articulo analizaran las cuestiones mas destacadas en relacion con el cambio climatico y los principales debates sobre esta cuestion.

Posteriormente se expondran el destacado papel de la UE en las negociaciones sobre cambio climatico, las propuestas actuales al respecto y la decepcionante tendencia mostrada por Espana desde la decada de 1990 en lo que a emision de GEI se refiere. Se analizara la estrategia espanola en materia de cambio climatico y se sugeriran objetivos especificos adicionales para el exito de futuras politicas. En referencia al ambito internacional se debatira el papel de Estados Unidos, China y la India como complemento necesario a las negociaciones sobre cambio climatico para gestionar un bien publico global: un clima estable. Por ultimo se expondran como potenciales fuerzas motrices de un acuerdo global fructifero en materia de cambio climatico los siguientes: un reparto mas equitativo de las obligaciones para reducir los GEI, la vinculacion de los esfuerzos en materia ambiental a otros ambitos como el del comercio (issue linkage) y los danos producidos por el cambio climatico.
Structures and Materials (2002)

The nineteenth century was an age of great experimentation in building forms, materials, and techniques. According to Carl Condit, the explosive progress of building techniques produced in one century more innovations in material, structure, form, and method of construction than the whole previous history of the art.l Wood was the dominant building material through the first half of the century because of America's vast forests, the high labor costs associated with iron and stone fabrication, and the American tendency to value speed of erection over permanency. Stone was used for structures as well, but it was too expensive to quarry and shape for most builders. Because of its cheapness and loadbearing capacity, brick was a popular building material for industrial structures throughout the century. Following the English example, American engineers experimented with iron construction in the 1830s and 1840s. The first iron bridge appeared in 1838, followed by an iron-framed building a decade later.2 Structural wrought-iron beams were developed in the 1850s, providing the forms and techniques later used with steel beams. Toward the end of the century, again following English and European precedent, concrete was used as a building material, but the widespread use of reinforced concrete in bridge and factory construction did not occur until the twentieth century.
Measured Interconnected Behavior of Wind Turbine Inverters (1984)

Distribution engineers are concerned about harmonic currents injected in the distribution network by switching inverters and load controls. When an inverter is driven by a random power source such as a windmill or photo voltaic array, the effects may be exacerbated due to second by second power output variations due to the source as well as the cycle by cycle distortion due to switching semi-conductors in the inverter. During a performance measurement program on nearly 20 consumer-owner wind turbines in Michigan, the authors' had the opportunity to record the harmonic, var, and voltage behavior of several single- phase line-commutated inverters supplied with variable- speed wind-turbine generators.
Experience of continuing engineering education in China: Retrospect and prospect (2005)

With the rapid and persisting development of economy of China, continuing engineering education becomes more and more flourishing, and the society and people has widely accepted and attached great importance to it. Thus looking back on and learning from the past of continuing engineering education in China and estimating its trend in the future are quite meaningful to boost the development of continuing engineering education in China. this paper describes Experience of Chinese Continuing Engineering Education in past and in Prospect.
Color signals in natural scenes: characteristics of reflectance spectra and effects of natural illuminants (2000)

Multispectral images of natural scenes were collected from both forests and coral reefs to represent typical, complex scenes that might be viewed by modern animals. Both reflectance spectra and modeled visual color signals in these scenes were decorrelated spectrally by principal-component analysis. Nearly 98% of the variance of reflectance spectra and color signals can be described by the first three principal components for both forest and coral reef scenes, which implies that three well-designed visual channels can recover almost all of the spectral information of natural scenes. A variety of natural illuminants affects color signals of forest scenes only slightly, but the variation in ambient irradiance spectra that is due to the absorption of light by water has dramatic influences on the spectral characteristics of coral reef scenes.
FGFs: neurodevelopment’s Jack-of-all-trades – how do they do it? (2011)

From neurulation to postnatal processes, the requirements for FGF signaling in many aspects of neural precursor cell biology have been well documented. However, identifying a requirement for FGFs in a particular neurogenic process provides only an initial and superficial understanding of what FGF signaling is doing. How FGFs specify cell types in one instance, yet promote cell survival, proliferation, migration, or differentiation in other instances remains largely unknown and is key to understanding how they function. This review describes what we have learned primarily from in vivo vertebrate studies about the roles of FGF signaling in neurulation, anterior-posterior patterning of the neural plate, brain patterning from local signaling centers, and finally neocortex development as an example of continued roles for FGFs within the same brain area. The potential explanations for the diverse functions of FGFs through differential interactions with cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors is then discussed with an emphasis on how little we know about the modulation of FGF signaling in vivo. A clearer picture of the mechanisms involved is nevertheless essential to understand the behavior of neural precursor cells and to potentially guide their fates for therapeutic purposes.
Synthesis, antimicrobial and antiviral testing of some new 1-adamantyl analogues (2010)

A new series of 1-adamantyl derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Representative derivatives of the newly synthesized compounds were tested. Ampicillin, clotimazole and the antiviral antibiotic aphidicolin were used as positive controls. Compound 18 proved to be the most active member of this series as antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and as antiviral with IC50 value of 0.21 mg/ml and CD50 value of 0.02 mg/ml while compound 19 proved to be the most active member of this series as antiviral with IC50 value of 0.21 mg/ml and CD50 value of 0.01 mg/ml.
Isolated photosynthetic reaction center of photosystem II as a sensitizer for the formation of singlet oxygen. Detection and quantum yield determination using a chemical trapping technique. (1994)

Singlet oxygen formation by photosystem II reaction centers isolated from Pisum sativum has been detected by two chemical trapping techniques: histidine-dependent oxygen uptake and bleaching of p-nitrosodimethyl-aniline by the intermediary endoperoxide of histidine. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation determined by these methods was estimated to be 0.16 by comparison with the known quantum yields of standard singlet oxygen sensitizers. Singlet oxygen was formed on illumination of reaction centers under conditions that lead to formation of the triplet state of the primary electron donor, P680. Experiments with deuterated buffer and active oxygen scavengers indicated that singlet oxygen was the only active oxygen species produced by this reaction. Neither azide nor histidine, which are scavengers of singlet oxygen, protected against photobleaching of the chlorophyll of reaction centers that occurs concomitantly with singlet oxygen formation, suggesting that bleaching involves singlet oxygen generated within the protein matrix of the complex. Singlet oxygen sensitized exogenously by rose bengal (when excited specifically at 550 nm) was also found to bleach reaction center chlorophyll in a manner similar to the intrinsic mechanism. We conclude that singlet oxygen formed within the hydrophobic interior of the reaction center attacks the chlorophylls of P680, and presumably also amino acids in the vicinity, and that only the singlet oxygen that escapes to the medium is affected by added scavengers or deuterated medium. These experiments extend our earlier report of the detection of singlet oxygen by its luminescence at 1270 nm when isolated photosystem II reaction centers are illuminated (Macpherson, A. N., Telfer, A., Barber, J., and Truscott, T. G. (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1143, 301-309). Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that production of singlet oxygen underlies the vulnerability of photosystem II to photodamage and hence necessitates the rapid turnover of the D1 protein of the reaction center.
Localization of a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (DS-PGII) in cartilage and the presence of an immunologically related species in other tissues. (1986)

A monoclonal antibody to a core-protein-related epitope of a small dermatan sulfate-rich proteoglycan (DS-PGII) isolated from adult bovine articular cartilage (22) was used to localize this molecule, or molecules containing this epitope, in bovine articular cartilages, in cartilage growth plate, and in other connective tissues. Using an indirect method employing peroxidase-labeled pig anti-mouse immunoglobulin G, DS-PGII was shown to be present mainly in the superficial zone of adult articular condylar cartilage of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint. In fetal articular and epiphyseal cartilages, the molecule was uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. By approximately 10 months of age it was confined mainly to the superficial and middle zones of articular cartilage and the inter-territorial and pericellular matrix of the deep zone. DS-PGII was not detected in the primary growth plate of the fetus except in the proliferative zone, where it was sometimes present in trace amounts. In contrast, it was present throughout the adjacent matrix of developing epiphyseal cartilage. In the trabeculae of the metaphysis, strong staining for DS-PGII was seen in decalcified osteoid and bone immediately adjacent to osteoblasts. Staining was also observed on collagen fibrils in skin, tendon, and ligament and in the adventitia of the aorta and of smaller arterial vessels in the skin. These observations indicate that DS-PGII and/or molecules containing this epitope are widely distributed in collagenous tissues, where the molecule is intimately associated with collagen fibrils; in adult cartilage this association is limited mainly to the narrow parallel arrays of fibrils which are found in the superficial zone at the articular surface. From its intimate association and other studies, this molecule may play an important role in determining the sizes and tensile properties of collagen fibrils; it may also be involved in the calcification of osteoid but not of cartilage.
Transcutaneous electromyographic respiratory muscle recordings to quantify patient–ventilator interaction in mechanically ventilated children (2018)

The dEMG-phase scale quantifying patient-ventilator breath synchronicity was demonstrated to be feasible and a reliable scale for mechanically ventilated children, reflected by high intra-class correlation coefficients. As this non-invasive tool is not restricted to a type of ventilator, it could easily be clinical implemented in the ventilated pediatric population. However; correlation studies between the EMG signal measured by surface EMG and esophageal catheters have to be performed.
Object Occlusion Detection Using Automatic Camera Calibration for a Wide-Area Video Surveillance System (2016)

This paper presents an object occlusion detection algorithm using object depth information that is estimated by automatic camera calibration. The object occlusion problem is a major factor to degrade the performance of object tracking and recognition. To detect an object occlusion, the proposed algorithm consists of three steps: (i) automatic camera calibration using both moving objects and a background structure; (ii) object depth estimation; and (iii) detection of occluded regions. The proposed algorithm estimates the depth of the object without extra sensors but with a generic red, green and blue (RGB) camera. As a result, the proposed algorithm can be applied to improve the performance of object tracking and object recognition algorithms for video surveillance systems.
Collagen hydrolysates as a new diet supplement (2009)

W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej właściwości hydrolizatów kolagenu stosowanych jako suplementy diety. Aktywność biologiczna i oddziaływanie prozdrowotne hydrolizatów białek kolagenowych zostały udowodnione naukowo, zwłaszcza w leczeniu chorób zwyrodnieniowych kości i stawów oraz poprawie kondycji skóry, włosów i paznokci. Wysoka tolerancja pacjentów na spożywane hydrolizaty kolagenu w długim czasie powoduje, iż są one atrakcyjnym prozdrowotnym suplementem diety.
A phase I/II study with a highly selective ALK inhibitor CH5424802 in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: Updated safety and efficacy results from AF-001JP. (2013)

8033 Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase in a subset of NSCLC with ALK fusion gene derived from chromosomal rearrangement. Previously, CH5424802, a highly selective, second-generation ALK inhibitor, has demonstrated clinically meaningful antitumor activity and a favorable toxicity profile (ESMO 2012). Here we report the updated results of this study. Methods: Patients (Pts) with ALK-positive NSCLC and no prior ALK inhibitor therapy were treated with CH5424802 at 300 mg bid until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity to investigate the efficacy and safety. Results: As of the cut-off date of Dec. 14, 2012, 58 pts have been treated with CH5424802: median age 49.5 years, M/F 25/33, ECOG PS 0/1 26/32, never-smoker 60.3%, ≥2 prior chemotherapy regimens 62%. Among the 46 pts in phase II part of this study, the overall response rate was 93.5% (95% CI: 82.1%, 98.6%) with 2 CRs and 41 PRs. Tumor shrinkage by 30% (PR) was achieved quickly with 65% occurring within 3 weeks of treatment and 87% within 6 weeks. With a median follow-up period of 12.6 months, 47/58 pts (40/46 pts in phase II part) were still on study treatment, and the median treatment duration has passed 10.3 months. The major treatment-related AEs were dysgeusia (21/58, 36%), rash, AST increased, blood bilirubin increased (19/58, 33% each), constipation and blood creatinine increased (17/58, 29% each), mostly grade 1-2. The major treatment-related grade 3 AEs were neutrophil count decreased (4/58, 7%). No grade 4 or fatal AEs were observed. Treatment-related visual disorders, vomiting and nausea were rare and mild. Conclusions: In patients with ALK-positive NSCLC but naïve to any ALK inhibitor therapy, treatment with CH5424802 demonstrated generally mild toxicity and lead to high response rate of 93.5% and durable treatment beyond 10 months, expecting that treatment duration can be longer than that of crizotinib. CH5424802 is therefore a promising new ALK inhibitor for NSCLC. Clinical trial information: JapicCTI-101264.
Combined PI3K and CDK2 inhibition induces cell death and enhances in vivo antitumour activity in colorectal cancer (2016)

These studies identified a novel series of mixed CDK2/PI3K inhibitors and demonstrate that dual targeting of CDK2 and PI3K can result in enhanced antitumour activity.
Technology tells a tale: digital games and narrative (2003)

In this paper, I discuss the debate over digital games and narrative in light of medium theory (also known as media ecology). The communicative environment created by a society’s media can favor certain kinds of cultural change. After analyzing the stories (or lack of them) in three very different games, I argue with ludologists that games are not narratives. I believe, however, that the digital medium has encouraged the transformation of what our culture thinks of as a story.