gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Online Gradient Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow on Radial Networks (2016)

We propose an online algorithm for solving optimal power flow (OPF) problems on radial networks where the controllable devices continuously interact with the network that implicitly computes a power flow solution given a control action. Collectively the controllable devices and the network implement a gradient projection algorithm for the OPF problem in real time. The key design feature that enables this approach is that the intermediate iterates of our algorithm always satisfy power flow equations and operational constraints. This is achieved by explicitly exploiting the network to implicitly solve power flow equations for us in real time at scale. We prove that the proposed algorithm converges to the set of local optima and provide sufficient conditions under which it converges to a global optimum. We derive an upper bound on the suboptimality gap of any local optimum. This bound suggests that any local minimum is almost as good as any strictly feasible point. We explain how to greatly reduce the gradient computation in each iteration by using approximate gradient derived from linearized power flow equations. Numerical results on test networks, ranging from 42-bus to 1990-bus, show a great speedup over a second-order cone relaxation method with negligible difference in objective values.
Argumentation: Content, Structure, and Relationship with Essay Quality (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between argumentation structures and (a) argument content, and (b) the holistic quality of an argumentative essay. Our results suggest that structure-based approaches hold promise for automated evaluation of argumentative writing.
Picosecond Optical Switching Using RF Nonlinear Transmission Lines (2011)

We propose a novel sub-ps optical switch composed of an interferometer in which the phase difference between the arms is controlled by a pair of electrooptic modulators (EOMs) driven by integrated nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs). As a proof-of-concept we demonstrate 70 ps switching using discrete LiNbO <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_3$</tex> </formula> traveling wave EOMs and commercially available NLTLs capable of delivering a 35 ps falling edge. This technique is simple and robust, and can potentially be extended to sub-ps switching by integrating the NLTL into the EOM waveguide. This fast switch can be used to implement an Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) network architecture.
Downwind pre‐aligned rotors for extreme‐scale wind turbines (2017)

Abstract Downwind force angles are small for current turbines systems (1–5 MW) such that they may be readily accommodated by conventional upwind configurations. However, analysis indicates that extreme‐scale systems (10–20 MW) will have larger angles that may benefit from downwind‐aligned configurations. To examine potential rotor mass reduction, the pre‐alignment concept was investigated a two‐bladed configuration by keeping the structural and aerodynamic characteristics of each blade fixed (to avoids a complete blade re‐design). Simulations for a 13.2 MW rated rotor at steady‐state conditions show that this concept‐level two‐bladed design may yield 25% rotor mass savings while also reducing average blade stress over all wind speeds. These results employed a pre‐alignment on the basis of a wind speed of 1.25 times the rated wind speed. The downwind pre‐aligned concept may also reduce damage equivalent loads on the blades by 60% for steady rated wind conditions. Even higher mass and damage equivalent load savings (relative to conventional upwind designs) may be possible for larger systems (15–20 MW) for which load‐alignment angles become even larger. However, much more work is needed to determine whether this concept can be translated into a practical design that must meet a wide myriad of other criteria. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostate-specific mRNA detection in whole blood as an analytically validated prognostic biomarker for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2013)

45 Background: To estimate the association between molecular biomarkers and outcomes, robust assays are needed before qualification in prospective trials. Although tumor specific transcripts detected in blood by PCR have been associated with outcome, an analytically validated PCR platform enabling detection of CTC-associated transcripts in clinical settings remains to be identified. Here we explore detecting a panel of prostate specific transcripts in conjunction with conventional markers in CRPC. Methods: Blood was collected from 97 patients with progressive CRPC in PAXgene tubes (2.5 ml) for total RNA extraction. Five genes expressed in prostate but not in nucleated blood cells were analyzed by primer-specific RT-PCR. Fluidigm Dynamic Array platform was analytically validated for KLK3, KLK2, HOXB13, GHRL2 and FOXA1 assays. Each PCR-reaction was run in 6 replicates, detection thresholds for each gene were chosen by ROC analysis of an independent set of 56 CRPC patients versus 51 healthy volunteers, and results were reported as transcripts present or absent. CellSearch reported CTC number/7.5 ml of blood drawn into CellSave tube. Results: Prostate specific transcripts for KLK3, KLK2, HOXB13, GHRL2 and FOXA1were detected in 50 (52%), 39 (40%), 53 (55%), 28 (29%) and 47 (48%) of patients, respectively.Two or more genes were detected in 53/97 patients (55%, 95% CI 45-65%) of patients with progressive CRPC studied with a median survival time of 17 months (95% CI: 13.8, 23.5). 40/45 CRPC-patients with ≥5 CTC and 13/52 CRPC patients with <5 CTC had transcripts present in blood. CTC and the gene panel had a substantial level of agreement, kappa of 0.631 (95% CI: 0.479, 0.783). Transcript detection predicted overall survival in proportional hazards models that included LDH dichotomized at 250. The predictive accuracy (CPE) of PCR detection + LDH was 0.759 (SE 0.035), comparable to CTC-enumeration + LDH (0.771, SE 0.033). Conclusions: Detecting prostate specific mRNA in whole blood using validated RT-PCR assays, applicable to larger CRPC cohorts, provides prognostic value. The clinical utility in monitoring treatment will be prospectively explored.
Insulation of Coated Conductors for High Field Magnet Applications (2011)

Insulation in a high field superconducting magnet plays a critical role. For high field magnets using coated conductor, insulation faces a few special challenges. In order to maximize the engineering current density, the conductor insulation has to be very thin (e.g. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$<12.5\ \mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> ). In addition to required mechanical and dielectric integrity under high stresses at cryogenic temperatures, the temperature during insulation process needs to be significantly lower than 200 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> where degradation of coated conductor may occur.
A Point-of-Care Platform for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy (2015)

Abstract Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapy holds great promise but requires highly technical and dedicated facilities. Current state-of-the-art requires ex vivo HSPC gene transfer in dedicated Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) facility infrastructure, limiting treatment to highly developed countries. A patient point-of-care strategy would therefore make HSPC gene therapy available to patients worldwide. We developed a short, semi-automated, mostly-closed platform for ex vivo isolation and lentivirus (LV) gene modification of CD34+ HSPCs from either bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood sources using the CliniMACS Prodigy® (Figure 1). Experiments were performed with a biosafety cabinet and personal protective equipment to simulate anticipated conditions in clinical facilities of underdeveloped countries. A total of 7 custom programs were developed for bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cell isolation and LV transduction. Addition of a pyrimidoindole derivative, UM 729, permitted efficient transduction of CD34+ HSPCs in <18 hours. Complete semi-automated production took <34 hours from collection to infusion of the gene modified cell product, requiring very little operator hands-on time. Autologous, LV gene-modified CD34+ HSPCs from two nonhuman primates produced using this platform engrafted and supported multilineage hematopoietic repopulation after myeloablative total body irradiation at 1020 cGy. Total cell doses achieved were 27 x 106 and 5.4 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight, respectively. We observed stable, persistent and polyclonal gene marking in peripheral blood granulocytes up to 40% and lymphocytes up to 15% within 4 months after infusion. Neither animal displayed evidence for increased toxicity, including potential contamination from the cell products. We then validated processing of human bone marrow and mobilized apheresis products from healthy adult donors. We demonstrate efficient isolation of human CD34+ HSPCs and up to 60% transduction efficiency with a clinical-grade LV currently being tested in a phase I clinical trial for treatment of HIV-associated lymphoma. Products tested met current FDA approved specifications for infusion. Xenotransplantation of these products into immunodeficient mice resulted in polyclonal engraftment over 12 weeks. These data demonstrate preclinical safety and feasibility of a patient point-of-care strategy for ex vivo LV gene transfer into HSPCs. This platform represents a major advance in global portability of LV mediated HSPC gene therapy. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ContextType (2013)

The challenge of mobile text entry is exacerbated as mobile devices are used in a number of situations and with a number of hand postures. We introduce ContextType, an adaptive text entry system that leverages information about a user's hand posture (using two thumbs, the left thumb, the right thumb, or the index finger) to improve mobile touch screen text entry. ContextType switches between various keyboard models based on hand posture inference while typing. ContextType combines the user's posture-specific touch pattern information with a language model to classify the user's touch events as pressed keys. To create our models, we collected usage patterns from 16 participants in each of the four postures. In a subsequent study with the same 16 participants comparing ContextType to a control condition, ContextType reduced total text entry error rate by 20.6%.
Induction of autophagy by drug-resistant esophageal cancer cells promotes their survival and recovery following treatment with chemotherapeutics (2011)

We investigated the cell-death mechanisms induced in esophageal cancer cells in response to the chemotherapeutic drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin. Chemosensitive cell lines exhibited apoptosis whereas chemoresistant populations exhibited autophagy and a morphology resembling type II programmed cell death (PCD). Cell populations that respond with autophagy are more resistant and will recover following withdrawal of the chemotherapeutic agents. Specific inhibition of early autophagy induction with siRNA targeted to Beclin 1 and ATG7 significantly enhanced the effect of 5-FU and reduced the recovery of drug-treated cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy were evaluated for their ability to improve chemotherapeutic effect. The PtdIns 3-kinase inhibitor 3-methyladenine did not enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-FU. Disruption of lysosomal activity with bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine caused extensive vesicular accumulation but did not improve chemotherapeutic effect. These observations suggest that an autophagic response to chemotherapy is a survival mechanism that promotes chemoresistance and recovery and that selective inhibition of autophagy regulators has the potential to improve chemotherapeutic regimes. Currently available indirect inhibitors of autophagy are, however, ineffective at modulating chemosensitivity in these esophageal cancer cell lines.
Human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize anthrax toxin by inhibiting heptamer assembly (2005)

A panel of human anti-anthrax protective antigen IgG1 monoclonal antibodies were evaluated to determine the mechanism of toxin neutralization. AVP-22G12, AVP-1C6 and AVP-21D9 bound to the protective antigen with picomolar affinities to distinct non-overlapping linear epitopes. Two of the antibodies neutralized the anthrax toxin by completely inhibiting the protective antigen oligomer assembly process in vitro.
A LOW COST PRESSURE WAVE GENERATOR USING DIAPHRAGMS (2008)

The high cost of Pressure Wave Generators (PWGs) is a major barrier to the more widespread use of high-efficiency pulse tube and Stirling cryocoolers. This paper describes the development and testing of a low-cost industrial-style PWG which employs metal diaphragms. The use of diaphragms removes the need for rubbing or clearance seals, and eliminates contamination problems by hermetically separating the gas circuit and the lubricated driving mechanism. A conventional low-cost electric motor is used for power input, via a novel high-efficiency kinematic linkage. A first prototype of the diaphragm PWG produced 3.2 kW of PV power with a measured electro-acoustic efficiency of 72%. Accelerated testing predicts a diaphragm life time in excess of 40,000 hours. An additional advantage of the use of diaphragms is the ability to directly cool the gas in the compression space. This eliminates or significantly reduces the requirement for an after cooler, and further decreases the cost of the whole cryocooler system. A pulse tube cryocooler has been successfully run at Industrial Research Ltd to 59K with the diaphragm PWG and no aftercooler. Another pulse tube cryocooler with the diaphragm PWG is undergoing development at Cryomech, the results of which will be given in another presentation.
Context-aware collection, decision, and distribution (C2D2) engine for multi-dimensional adaptation in vehicular networks (2011)

Wireless vehicular networks have highly complex and dynamic channel state leading to a challenging environment to maintain connectivity and/or achieve high levels of throughput while also satisfying latency requirements of diverse vehicular applications. Adaptation over a large parameter space such as multiple frequency bands, novel modulation and coding schemes, and routing protocols is important in achieving good performance in this challenging setting. Vehicles now include a plethora of sensors which can be used to establish a clearer notion of the environmental context. However, while it is well understood that wireless performance greatly depends on this contextual information, protocols that leverage this information to improve wireless performance have yet to be fully developed. In this work, we will lay a foundation for developing context-aware intelligence to interface with existing adaptation protocols at multiple layers of the network stack. The core of this system consists of a context-aware collection, decision, and distribution (C2D2) engine. We give a brief overview of the architecture, design, and operation of the C2D2 engine.
Searching trajectories by locations (2010)

Trajectory search has long been an attractive and challenging topic which blooms various interesting applications in spatial-temporal databases. In this work, we study a new problem of searching trajectories by locations, in which context the query is only a small set of locations with or without an order specified, while the target is to find the k Best-Connected Trajectories (k-BCT) from a database such that the k-BCT best connect the designated locations geographically. Different from the conventional trajectory search that looks for similar trajectories w.r.t. shape or other criteria by using a sample query trajectory, we focus on the goodness of connection provided by a trajectory to the specified query locations. This new query can benefit users in many novel applications such as trip planning.
3(2<i>H</i>)isoquinolones. 2. Studies on the structure and formation of aminonaphthols obtained in the preparation of 3(2<i>H</i>)isoquinolones (1973)

Abstract The reaction of a 2‐acylphenylacetic acid derivative (I) with primary amines in glacial acetic acid produces novel, colorless aminonaphthols (III) which are isomeric with the brilliant yellow 3(2 H )isoquinolones (II) obtained in the same reaction. A combination of chemical and spectral techniques allowed identification of the isomers as derivatives of 4‐amino‐2‐naphthol. A plausible mechanism of formation of aminonaphthols versus 3(2 H )isoquinolones is discussed and supported by chemical synthesis of N ‐substituted 2‐aeylphenylacetamides (VIII) and a 1,4‐dihydro‐1‐hydroxy‐3(2 H )isoquinolone derivative (IX).
Gain, loss, and internal efficiency in interband cascade lasers emitting at λ=3.6–4.1μm (2008)

We employ a cavity-length study to determine the temperature variation of the internal loss and gain per unit current density in a ten-stage interband cascade laser that operated cw up to 269K with an emission wavelength of 4.05μm. The characteristic temperature for the gain per unit current density is 39K, which is slightly lower than T0 of the threshold current and is consistent with dominance by Auger recombination. The internal loss for the 150-μm-wide mesa devices increased from 11cm−1 at 78Kto28cm−1 at 275K.
Design and Experimental Study of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and Radial Turbine (2011)

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), which generates electric power by using a low temperature heat source, is developed and an experimental study is conducted. A radial turbine and high speed DC generator are also designed and developed in this study. R245fa is adopted as a working fluid, considering the operation conditions of the cycle and its environmental friendly characteristics. Experiments are conducted to analyze the operation characteristics and performance of the developed ORC. The efficiencies of the cycle and turbine, electric power and temperature versus entropy diagram of the developed ORC with respect to the operation condition are investigated through experiments. The factors that influence the efficiency of the developed ORC are analyzed and discussed.
Software for modeling and analysis of linear systems with delays (2004)

This paper proposes a new framework for modeling linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with delays. Key benefits of this framework are that it can handle delays in feedback loops, is general enough for most control applications, and lends itself well to computer-aided analysis. The accompanying software tools should facilitate the design of control systems in the presence of delays, as well as stimulate research into efficient numerical algorithms for assessing the properties and performance of such systems.
All-Optical Wavelength Conversion Using SOA at Nearly Symmetric Position in a Fiber-Based Sagnac Interferometric Loop (2004)

We report an experimental analysis of the wavelength conversion operation of a fiber-based Sagnac interferometric loop with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) at nearly symmetric position. Improved extinction ratio is obtained due to the complementary operation of cross-polarization modulation and cross-gain modulation effects. Power penalty of 2.4 dB was obtained when the SOA offset is 17% of the bit period, which enables the use of the Sagnac interferometer with asymmetrically placed SOA-the terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)-as a multiple-functionality all-optical signal processing network element.
Automatic Target Acquisition of the DEMO III Program (2002)

Abstract : This report describes an algorithm for the detection of military vehicles in Forward-Looking Infrared imagery intended to be used as a prescreener to eliminate large areas of the image from further analysis. The output is a list of likely target locations with confidence numbers that would be sent to a more complex clutter rejection algorithm for analysis. The algorithm uses simple features and is intended to be applicable to a wide variety of target-sensor geometries sensor configurations and applications.
Design and Preliminary Assessment of Lightweight Swing-Assist Knee Prosthesis (2018)

This paper presents the design and control of a lightweight swing assist (SA) knee prosthesis. The SA knee relies on passive stability to provide support during the stance phase of walking and incorporates a small motor and battery to actively assist the knee motion during the swing phase. A prototype SA knee was constructed and experimentally evaluated on a single transfemoral amputee. The experiments consisted of treadmill walking at three speeds, first on a dailyuse passive prosthesis and subsequently on the SA prosthesis prototype, while recording motion capture and ground reaction force data from which prosthesis knee kinematics and affectedside hip torque were computed. A comparison of the passive daily-use prosthesis and the SA prosthesis indicates that the SA prosthesis provides more consistent and repeatable knee motion and reduces pre-swing peak hip torque across all walking speeds.
Next Generation Extractants for Cesium Separation from High-Level Waste: From Fundamental Concepts to Site Implementation (2005)

This project unites expertise at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Texas Tech University (TTU, Prof. Richard A. Bartsch) to answer fundamental questions addressing the problem of cesium removal from high-level tank waste. Efforts focus on novel solvent-extraction systems containing calixcrown extractants designed for enhanced cesium binding and release. Exciting results are being obtained in three areas: (1) a new lipophilic cesium extractant with a high solubility in the solvent; (2) new proton-ionizable calixcrowns that both strongly extract cesium and ''switch off'' when protonated; and (3) an improved solvent system that may be stripped with more than 100-fold greater efficiency. Scientific questions primarily concern how to more effectively reverse extraction, focusing on the use of amino groups and proton-ionizable groups to enable pH-switching. Synthesis is being performed at ORNL (amino calixcrowns) and TTU (proton-ionizable calixcrowns). At ORNL, the extraction behavior is being surveyed to assess the effectiveness of candidate solvent systems, and systematic distribution measurements are under way to obtain a thermodynamic understanding of partitioning and complexation equilibria. Crystal structures obtained at ORNL are revealing the structural details of cesium binding. The overall objective is a significant advance in the predictability and efficiency of cesium extraction from high-level waste in support of potential implementation at U. S. Department of Energy (USDOE) sites.
GaInAs/GaInAsP strained quantum well monolithic electroabsorption modulator/amplifier by lateral bandgap control with nonplanar substrates (1993)

An electroabsorption modulator and an optical amplifier have been monolithically integrated by using nonplanar MOVPE. A bandgap shift of more than 60nm was obtained with atmospheric pressure MOVPE of GaInAs/GaInAsP strained QWs on 10μm wide ridges. A chip gain of 9dB and an extinction ratio of 17dB were obtained for the monolithic electroabsorption modulator/amplifier. The integration of an optical amplifier enables the use of a wavelength close to the bandgap of the modulator, resulting in low voltage and low chirp operation.