gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces transcriptional activation of Egr-1 in murine peritoneal macrophages. (1991)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic hematopoietic growth factor that induces both growth and differentiation of tissue macrophages. The subcellular mechanism of action of GM-CSF is unknown. We have examined the effect of GM-CSF on the immediate early response gene, Egr-1, in murine peritoneal macrophages. Our data demonstrate that recombinant GM-CSF (25 units/ml) produces a 12-fold increase in Egr-1 mRNA within 30 min. Pretreatment with cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) had no effect on the ability of GM-CSF to increase Egr-1 mRNA. In nuclear runoff studies, GM-CSF increased the transcription rate of Egr-1 by 10-fold at 10 min. The maximal effect on Egr-1 transcription occurred at 25 min (13-fold) and decreased by 45 min. The half-life of Egr-1 mRNA in GM-CSF-treated macrophages is 13-21 min. We were unable to calculate the half-life in control cells, however, because of the short half-life and low level of constitutive expression of Egr-1 mRNA. Endogenous protein kinase C activity in macrophages was depleted by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 24 h. GM-CSF increased Egr-1 mRNA in protein kinase C-depleted macrophages, whereas the stimulatory effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on Egr-1 was blocked. These data show that GM-CSF rapidly increases transcription of Egr-1 mRNA. The effect of GM-CSF on Egr-1 mRNA does not require de novo protein synthesis or protein kinase C. These findings provide a basis for investigating the molecular mechanism of action of GM-CSF in tissue macrophages.
Is This Car Going to Move? Parked Car Classification for Automated Vehicles. (2019)

In order to safely navigate traffic, automated vehicles need to face a variety of challenges such as the uncertainty of typical road environments. A key component of road traffic, that both illustrates such uncertainty and highly influences traffic participants behavior, is parked cars. For instance, mistakenly considering a car as parked directly increases the collision risk and, on the other hand, expecting parked cars to move leads to over-precautions, inefficient, and potentially confusing planned trajectories. Despite being a major component of traffic prediction, little work addresses the parked car detection, and to our knowledge none in the context of autonomous driving. This paper introduces the problem of parked car classification and illustrates some of its challenges and corner cases. For generality, we focus on sensor-set independent classification and in particular we ignore vehicle light information which further increases the difficulty of the problem. Our contribution includes introducing, discussing, and comparing a list of features as candidate predictors of parked car classification. More precisely, we collect and annotate 180,469 vehicle occurrences over a duration of approximately 21 minutes; we then compare the classification accuracy of a list of features over a few classification methods. Based on sensor set independent detections and map information, we achieve an accuracy of 92.9% on our test-set and discuss how this can likely be improved.
Two-phase mini-thermosyphon electronics cooling, Part 1: Experimental investigation (2016)

Efficient, small, state-of-the-art passive cooling two-phase systems, i.e. advanced micro-thermosyphon cooling systems, are viable solutions for high performance datacenter servers and power electronics cooling applications. The objective of this study is to push through the “two-phase threshold” that seems to be hindering the application of this cooling technology by offering here proven experimental results (Part 1), validated steady-state and transient simulation tools (Parts 2 and 3) and a server case study (Part 4). The experimental investigation in Part 1 presents the thermal-hydraulic performance of a mini-thermosyphon loop with a small riser height, Hriser = 15.0 cm. The thermosyphon loop has a multi-microchannel copper evaporator, mounted on top of a pseudo-chip CPU emulator (heat source). Experimental results for R134a, acquired under both pumped flow and passive thermosyphon driven flow (for direct comparison) for mass flow rates up to 10 kg/hr, uniform heat fluxes, q of up to 61.4 W/cm2 and refrigerant filling ratios up to 83% were obtained. An innovative thermal calibration method, developed as a non-intrusive mass flow measurement technique, has also been implemented to monitor the thermosyphon's operation. Summarizing in brief, the two-phase thermosyphon loop with an integrated in-line liquid accumulator offered a very sustainable cooling performance for the microchannel/pseudo-CPU package, and is a first step forward in our effort towards the integration of such two-phase passive cooling devices for data center servers and other electronic devices at heat flux of up to 80 W/cm2 (or more).
Methods for characterizing subsurface volatile contaminants using in-situ sensors (2023)

An inverse analysis method for characterizing diffusion of vapor from an underground source of volatile contaminant using data taken by an in-situ sensor. The method uses one-dimensional solutions to the diffusion equation in Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates for isotropic and homogenous media. If the effective vapor diffusion coefficient is known, then the distance from the source to the in-situ sensor can be estimated by comparing the shape of the predicted time-dependent vapor concentration response curve to the measured response curve. Alternatively, if the source distance is known, then the effective vapor diffusion coefficient can be estimated using the same inverse analysis method. A triangulation technique can be used with multiple sensors to locate the source in two or three dimensions. The in-situ sensor can contain one or more chemiresistor elements housed in a waterproof enclosure with a gas permeable membrane.
VICTOR T. KING (ed.): <i>Environmental challenges in Southeast Asia</i>. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1998. (2001)

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Meiotic Segregation, Synapsis, and Recombination Checkpoint Functions Require Physical Interaction between the Chromosomal Proteins Red1p and Hop1p (2000)

In yeast, HOP1 and RED1 are required during meiosis for proper chromosome segregation and the consequent formation of viable spores. Mutations in either HOP1 or RED1 create unique as well as overlapping phenotypes, indicating that the two proteins act alone as well as in concert with each other. To understand which meiotic processes specifically require Red1p-Hop1p hetero-oligomers, a novel genetic screen was used to identify a single-point mutation of RED1, red1-K348E, that separates Hop1p binding from Red1p homo-oligomerization. The Red1-K348E protein is stable, phosphorylated in a manner equivalent to Red1p, and undergoes efficient homo-oligomerization; however, its ability to interact with Hop1p both by two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays is greatly reduced. Overexpression of HOP1 specifically suppresses red1-K348E, supporting the idea that the only defect in the protein is a reduced affinity for Hop1p. red1-K348E mutants exhibit reduced levels of crossing over and spore viability and fail to undergo chromosome synapsis, thereby implicating a role for Red1p-Hop1p hetero-oligomers in these processes. Furthermore, red1-K348E suppresses the sae2/com1 defects in meiotic progression and sporulation, indicating a previously unknown role for HOP1 in the meiotic recombination checkpoint.
Layered acting for character animation (2003)

We introduce an acting-based animation system for creating and editing character animation at interactive speeds. Our system requires minimal training, typically under an hour, and is well suited for rapidly prototyping and creating expressive motion. A real-time motion-capture framework records the user's motions for simultaneous analysis and playback on a large screen. The animator's real-world, expressive motions are mapped into the character's virtual world. Visual feedback maintains a tight coupling between the animator and character. Complex motion is created by layering multiple passes of acting. We also introduce a novel motion-editing technique, which derives implicit relationships between the animator and character. The animator mimics some aspect of the character motion, and the system infers the association between features of the animator's motion and those of the character. The animator modifies the mimic by acting again, and the system maps the changes onto the character. We demonstrate our system with several examples and present the results from informal user studies with expert and novice animators.
Clinical Utility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2012)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, leading to considerable diversity in clinical course including the most common cause of sudden death in young people and a determinant of heart failure symptoms in patients of any age. Traditionally, two-dimensional echocardiography has been the most reliable method for establishing a clinical diagnosis of HCM. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), with its high spatial resolution and tomographic imaging capability, has emerged as a technique particularly well suited to characterize the diverse phenotypic expression of this complex disease. For example, CMR is often superior to echocardiography for HCM diagnosis, by identifying areas of segmental hypertrophy (ie., anterolateral wall or apex) not reliably visualized by echocardiography (or underestimated in terms of extent). High-risk HCM patient subgroups identified with CMR include those with thin-walled scarred LV apical aneurysms (which prior to CMR imaging in HCM remained largely undetected), end-stage systolic dysfunction, and massive LV hypertrophy. CMR observations also suggest that the cardiomyopathic process in HCM is more diffuse than previously regarded, extending beyond the LV myocardium to include thickening of the right ventricular wall as well as substantial morphologic diversity with regard to papillary muscles and mitral valve. These findings have implications for management strategies in patients undergoing invasive septal reduction therapy. Among HCM family members, CMR has identified unique phenotypic markers of affected genetic status in the absence of LV hypertrophy including: myocardial crypts, elongated mitral valve leaflets and late gadolinium enhancement. The unique capability of contrast-enhanced CMR with late gadolinium enhancement to identify myocardial fibrosis has raised the expectation that this may represent a novel marker, which may enhance risk stratification. At this time, late gadolinium enhancement appears to be an important determinant of adverse LV remodeling associated with systolic dysfunction. However, the predictive significance of LGE for sudden death is incompletely resolved and ultimately future large prospective studies may provide greater insights into this issue. These observations underscore an important role for CMR in the contemporary assessment of patients with HCM, providing important information impacting diagnosis and clinical management strategies.
Joint estimation of image and deformation parameters in motion-corrected PET (2004)

We consider an emission tomography reconstruction problem in which projection measurements from several time frames are available. Two strategies for doing motion-corrected image reconstruction are compared. In the first strategy, separate images are reconstructed from the measurements at each time frame. They are then consolidated by post-registration and averaging procedures. In the second strategy, we incorporate parameters to describe the effects of motion into the statistical model of the projections. Joint maximum likelihood estimation of image and motion parameters is then carried out. Each of these strategies involves the minimization of non-convex cost functions. Accordingly, we also propose some relevant optimization algorithm design options.
Development of ZnS(Ag)/NE102A and ZnS(Ag)/Stilbene Phoswich Detectors for Simultaneous α and β(γ) Counting (1992)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: phoswich detectorsZnS(Ag)/NE 102AZnS(Ag)/stilbenescintillatorsalpha raysbeta(gamma)rayssimultaneous countingpulse shape discriminationrise timespectrumresolutiontailing
There Is More to Monitoring a Nuclear Power Plant than Meets the Eye (2000)

A fundamental challenge in studying cognitive systems in context is how to move from the specific work setting studied to a more general understanding of distributed cognitive work and how to support it. We present a series of cognitive field studies that illustrate one response to this challenge. Our focus was on how nuclear power plant (NPP) operators monitor plant state during normal operating conditions. We studied operators at two NPPs with different control room interfaces. We identified strong consistencies with respect to factors that made monitoring difficult and the strategies that operators have developed to facilitate monitoring. We found that what makes monitoring difficult is not the need to identify subtle abnormal indications against a quiescent background, but rather the need to identify and pursue relevant findings against a noisy background. Operators devised proactive strategies to make important information more salient or reduce meaningless change, create new information, and off-load some cognitive processing onto the interface. These findings emphasize the active problem-solving nature of monitoring, and highlight the use of strategies for knowledge-driven monitoring and the proactive adaptation of the interface to support monitoring. Potential applications of this research include control room design for process control and alarm systems and user interfaces for complex systems.
VLSI Design of a Variable-Length FFT/IFFT Processor for OFDM-Based Communication Systems (2003)

The technique of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is famous for its robustness against frequency-selective fading channel. This technique has been widely used in many wired and wireless communication systems. In general, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT (IFFT) operations are used as the modulation/demodulation kernel in the OFDM systems, and the sizes of FFT/IFFT operations are varied in different applications of OFDM systems. In this paper, we design and implement a variable-length prototype FFT/IFFT processor to cover different specifications of OFDM applications. The cached-memory FFT architecture is our suggested VLSI system architecture to design the prototype FFT/IFFT processor for the consideration of low-power consumption. We also implement the twiddle factor butterfly processing element (PE) based on the coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm, which avoids the use of conventional multiplication-and-accumulation unit, but evaluates the trigonometric functions using only add-and-shift operations. Finally, we implement a variable-length prototype FFT/IFFT processor with TSMC m 1P4M CMOS technology. The simulations results show that the chip can perform ( - )-point FFT/IFFT operations up to operating frequency which can meet the speed requirement of most OFDM standards such as WLAN, ADSL, VDSL ( ), DAB, and -mode DVB.
An Algorithm and System for Measuring Impedance in D-Q Coordinates (2010)

This dissertation presents work conducted at the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of impedance measurement, and discusses previous work on this topic. This chapter also addresses issues associated with impedance measurement. Chapter 2 introduces the analyzer architecture and the proposed algorithm. The algorithm involves locking on to the voltage vector at the point of common coupling between the analyzer and the system via a PLL to establish a D-Q frame. A series of sweeps are performed, injecting at least two independent angles in the D-Q plane, acquiring D- and Q-axis voltages and currents for each axis of injection at the point of interest. Chapter 3 discusses the analyzer hardware and the criteria for selection. The hardware built ranges from large-scale power level hardware to communication hardware implementing a universal serial bus. An eight-layer PCB was constructed implementing analog signal conditioning and conversion to and from digital signals with high resolution. The PCB interfaces with the existing Universal Controller hardware. Chapter 4 discusses the analyzer software. Software was written in C++, VHDL, and Matlab to implement the measurement process. This chapter also provides a description of the software architecture and individual components. Chapter 5 discusses the application of the analyzer to various examples. A dynamic model of the analyzer is constructed, considering all components of the measurement system. Congruence with predicted results is demonstrated for three-phase balanced linear impedance networks, which can be directly derived based on stationary impedance measurements. Other impedances measured include a voltage source inverter, Vienna rectifier, six-pulse rectifier and an autotransformer-rectifier unit.
Internet of Things (IoT) Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications, and Challenges: A Comparative Review (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a reality. As the IoT is now becoming a far more common field, the demand for IoT technologies to manage the communication of devices with the rest of the world has increased. The IoT is connecting various individual devices called things and wireless sensor networks is also playing an important role. A thing can be defined as an embedded device based on a micro controller that can transmit and receive information. These devices are extremely low in power, memory, and resources. Therefore, the research community has recognized the importance of IoT device operating systems (OSs). An adequate OS with a kernel, networking, real-time capability, and more can make these devices flexible. This review provides a detailed comparison of the OSs designed for IoT devices on the basis of their architecture, scheduling methods, networking technologies, programming models, power and memory management methods, together with other features required for IoT applications. In addition, various applications, challenges, and case studies in the field of IoT research is discussed.
Learning Multiple Behaviors from Unlabeled Demonstrations in a Latent Controller Space (2013)

In this paper we introduce a method to learn multiple behaviors in the form of motor primitives from an unlabeled dataset. One of the difficulties of this problem is that the measured behaviors can be very mixed, despite existing a latent representation where they can be separated more easily. We propose a mixture model based on a Dirichlet Process (DP) to simultaneously cluster the observed time-series and recover a sparse representation of the behaviors by using a Laplacian prior as the base measure of the DP. We show that for linear models, e.g potential functions generated by linear combinations of a large number of features, it is possible to compute analytically the marginal of the observations and derive an efficient sampler. The method was evaluated using robot behaviors and real data from human motion and compared to other techniques. 1.
Characterization and Mitigation of Multipath for Terrestrial based Aviation Radionavigation (2018)

In this contribution, a comprehensive overview of multipath propagation and its effects on current and future L-band terrestrial radionavigation devices is given. The line-of-sight and multipath propagation between a ground station transmitter and an aircraft is characterized based on measurement data. The paper presents different methods to mitigate effects of multipath propagation and limit the resulting errors. © 2018 Institute of Navigation.
Molecular Cloning and Analysis of a Putative Siderophore ABC Transporter from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2000)

From a mass-excised Staphylococcus aureus lambdaZapII expression library, we cloned an operon encoding a novel ABC transporter with significant homology to bacterial siderophore transporter systems. The operon encodes four genes designated sstA, -B, -C, and -D encoding two putative cytoplasmic membrane proteins (sstA and sstB), an ATPase (sstC), and a membrane-bound 38-kDa lipoprotein (sstD). The sst operon is preceded by two putative Fur boxes, which indicated that expression of the sst operon was likely to be iron dependent. SstD was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified by Triton X-114 phase partitioning, and used to generate monospecific antisera in rats. Immunoblotting studies located SstD in the membrane fraction of S. aureus and showed that expression of the lipoprotein was reduced under iron-rich growth conditions. Triton X-114 partitioning studies on isolated membranes provided additional biochemical evidence that SstD in S. aureus is a lipoprotein. Immunoreactive polypeptides of approximately 38 kDa were detected in a wide range of staphylococcal species, but no antigenic homolog was detected in Bacillus subtilis. Expression of SstD in vivo was confirmed by immunoblotting studies with S. aureus recovered from a rat intraperitoneal chamber implant model. To further define the contribution of SstD in promoting growth of S. aureus in vitro and in vivo, we used antisense RNA technology to modulate expression of SstD. Expression of antisense sstD RNA in S. aureus resulted in a decrease in SstD expression under both iron-rich and iron-restricted growth conditions. However, this reduction in SstD levels did not affect the growth of S. aureus in vitro in an iron-limited growth medium or when grown in an intraperitoneal rat chamber implant model in vivo.
Prebiotics and the Immune System (2008)

CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Overview of the Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Immunomodulatory Effects of Prebiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Human Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Animal Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Mechanisms for the Effects of Prebiotics on the Immune System . . . . . . . . . 153 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157