gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double‐blind randomized trial of 5% ascorbic acid vs. 4% hydroquinone in melasma (2004)

Although hydroquinone showed a better response, ascorbic acid may play a role in the therapy of melasma as it is almost devoid of side-effects; it could be used alone or in combination therapy.
Spiral inductors on Si p/p/sup +/ substrates with resonant frequency of 20 GHz (2001)

Porous Si of up to 200 μm in thickness has been used to fabricate high-performance spiral inductors on heavily doped Si substrates (0.007 /spl Omega/-cm). Spiral inductors with L/spl sim/5.7 nH are fabricated demonstrating Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> /spl sim/29 at 7 GHz and f/sub r/>20 GHz. The resonant frequency (f/sub r/) increases with increasing porous Si thickness and saturates beyond 120 μm. A corresponding decrease in total capacitance is observed. Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> increases monotonically with porous Si layer thickness to beyond 200 μm. For inductors with a smaller footprint, Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> begins to saturate at less than 100-μm thick porous Si.
MYB72, a node of convergence in induced systemic resistance triggered by a fungal and a bacterial beneficial microbe (2008)

Colonisation of plant roots by selected beneficial Trichoderma fungi or Pseudomonas bacteria can result in the activation of a systemic defence response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered by the rhizobacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r is regulated by a jasmonic acid- and ethylene-dependent defence signalling pathway. Jasmonic acid and ethylene also play a role in Trichoderma-induced resistance. To further investigate the similarities between rhizobacteria- and Trichoderma-induced resistance, we studied the response of Arabidopsis to root colonisation by Trichoderma asperellum T34. In many aspects T34-ISR was similar to WCS417r-ISR. First, colonisation of the roots by T34 rendered the leaves more resistant to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Second, treatment of the roots with T34 primed the leaf tissue for enhanced jasmonic acid-responsive gene expression and increased formation of callose-containing papillae upon pathogen attack. Third, T34-ISR was fully expressed in the salicylic acid impaired mutant sid2, but blocked in the defence regulatory mutant npr1. Finally, we show that the root-specific transcription factor MYB72, which is essential in early signalling steps of WCS417r-ISR, is also required for T34-ISR. Together, these results indicate that the defence pathways triggered by beneficial Trichoderma and Pseudomonas spp. strains are highly similar and that MYB72 functions as an early node of convergence in the signalling pathways that are induced by these different beneficial microorganisms.
Fuzz Testing for Automotive Cyber-Security (2018)

There is increasing computational complexity within the connected car, and with the advent of autonomous vehicles, how do manufacturers test for cyber-security assurance? The fuzz test is a successful black box testing method that hackers have used to find security weaknesses in various domains. Therefore, should the fuzz test, mentioned (without any details) in SAE J3061, be applied more widely into the vehicle systems development process to help reduce vulnerabilities? To investigate this question a custom fuzzer was developed to allow for experimentation against a target vehicle's CAN bus (used as the data interconnect for the vehicle's ECUs). The results demonstrate that the fuzz test has a part to play as one of the many security tests that a vehicle's systems need to undergo before being made ready for series production. However, previous problems raised when cyber testing a vehicle were confirmed. Thus, in adding the fuzz test to the automotive engineering tool box some issues are raised that need addressing in future research.
Precision Table Control System by Friction Drive for Optical Disk Mastering Machine. (1996)

摩擦駆動を応用した光ディスク原盤露光用テーブル送り機構を開発した.(1) テーブルの駆動系として, 大ストローク・高分解能でサイクリックエラーのない摩擦駆動を用いた.モータ軸, 支持ローラ, 予圧印加軸の3つのローラによる駆動ロッド支持機構, ダイレクトドライブ, 最大予圧100Nの摩擦駆動機構を採用した.(2) 干渉計とミラーとの間に分岐ミラーを配置し, レーザ光路を2系統に分割するテーブルのヨーイング自動補正機能を備えたレーザフィードバック制御光学系を設計し, 原盤記録の高精度化を図った.(3) テーブル位置制御特性に関しては, 10μm/s定速送り時の追従誤差は2。9nm (σ) であった.また1μmステップ応答の3%静定時間は約0.15s, 定常偏差は10nm以下であった.(4) 本テーブル送り機構を用いた露光装置で実際の露光を行った.nmオーダの精度の安定した記録を実現した.次世代以降の高密度光ディスクに対応した原盤を製作することができた.今後は, 各種の露光方法・露光形状について, 露光条件を追い込み, 記録の高精度化を目指す.
Recording membrane potential changes through photoacoustic voltage sensitive dye (2017)

Monitoring of the membrane potential is possible using voltage sensitive dyes (VSD), where fluorescence intensity changes in response to neuronal electrical activity. However, fluorescence imaging is limited by depth of penetration and high scattering losses, which leads to low sensitivity in vivo systems for external detection. In contrast, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, an emerging modality, is capable of deep tissue, noninvasive imaging by combining near infrared light excitation and ultrasound detection. In this work, we develop the theoretical concept whereby the voltage-dependent quenching of dye fluorescence leads to a reciprocal enhancement of PA intensity. Based on this concept, we synthesized a novel near infrared photoacoustic VSD (PA-VSD) whose PA intensity change is sensitive to membrane potential. In the polarized state, this cyanine-based probe enhances PA intensity while decreasing fluorescence output in a lipid vesicle membrane model. With a 3-9 μM VSD concentration, we measured a PA signal increase in the range of 5.3 % to 18.1 %, and observed a corresponding signal reduction in fluorescence emission of 30.0 % to 48.7 %. A theoretical model successfully accounts for how the experimental PA intensity change depends on fluorescence and absorbance properties of the dye. These results not only demonstrate the voltage sensing capability of the dye, but also indicate the necessity of considering both fluorescence and absorbance spectral sensitivities in order to optimize the characteristics of improved photoacoustic probes. Together, our results demonstrate photoacoustic sensing as a potential new modality for sub-second recording and external imaging of electrophysiological and neurochemical events in the brain.
Electropolymerization of intercalator-grafted conducting polymer for direct and amplified DNA detection (2010)

Efficient DNA intercalators comprising naphthalene diimide grafted with ethylenedioxythiophene monomer were successfully designed, synthesized and applied to mediate/promote conducting polymer growth electrochemically on biosensor electrodes for direct and amplified DNA detection.
<i>In vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>regulation of synaptogenesis by the novel antidepressant spadin (2015)

These findings provide new mechanisms of action for the rapidly acting antidepressant peptide spadin by stimulating expression of BDNF and synaptic proteins, both in vitro and in vivo.
Bayesian Network Modeling of Offender Behavior for Criminal Profiling (2006)

A Bayesian network (BN) model of criminal behavior is obtained linking the action of an offender on the scene of the crime to his or her psychological profile. Structural and parameter learning algorithms are employed to discover inherent relationships that are embedded in a database containing crime scene and offender characteristics from homicide cases solved by the British police from the 1970s to the early 1990s. A technique has been developed to reduce the search space of possible BN structures by modifying the greedy search K2 learning algorithm to include a-priori conditional independence relations among nodes. The new algorithm requires fewer training cases to build a satisfactory model that avoids zero-marginal-probability (ZMP) nodes. This can be of great benefit in applications where additional data may not be readily available, such as criminal profiling. Once the BN model is constructed, an inference algorithm is used to predict the offender profile from the behaviors observed on the crime scene. The overall model predictive accuracy of the model obtained by the modified K2 algorithm is found to be 79%, showing a 15% improvement with respect to a model obtained from the same data by the original K2 algorithm. This method quantifies the uncertainty associated with its predictions based on the evidence used for inference. In fact, the predictive accuracy is found to increase with the confidence level provided by the BN. Thus, the confidence level provides the user with a measure of reliability for each variable predicted in any given case.
Housing in Pyramid Counteracts Neuroendocrine and Oxidative Stress Caused by Chronic Restraint in Rats (2006)

The space within the great pyramid and its smaller replicas is believed to have an antistress effect. Research has shown that the energy field within the pyramid can protect the hippocampal neurons of mice from stress-induced atrophy and also reduce neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and increase antioxidant defence in rats. In this study, we have, for the first time, attempted to study the antistress effects of pyramid exposure on the status of cortisol level, oxidative damage and antioxidant status in rats during chronic restraint stress. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: normal controls (NC) housed in home cage and left in the laboratory; restrained rats (with three subgroups) subject to chronic restraint stress by placing in a wire mesh restrainer for 6 h per day for 14 days, the restrained controls (RC) having their restrainers kept in the laboratory; restrained pyramid rats (RP) being kept in the pyramid; and restrained square box rats (RS) in the square box during the period of restraint stress everyday. Erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased in RC and RS rats as compared to NC. However, these parameters were maintained to near normal levels in RP rats which showed significantly decreased erythrocyte MDA and plasma cortisol and significantly increased erythrocyte GSH levels, erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities when compared with RS rats. The results showed that housing in pyramid counteracts neuroendocrine and oxidative stress caused by chronic restraint in rats.
Further studies on the clinical efﬁcacy of <i>Solanum xanthocarpum</i> and <i>Solanum trilobatum</i> in bronchial asthma (2004)

The clinical efficacy of two herbs S. xanthocarpum and S. trilobatum in a dose of 300 mg tds for 3 days was investigated in mild to moderate bronchial asthma. Their effect was compared with standard bronchodilator drugs, salbutamol (4 mg) and deriphylline (200 mg). The respiratory function was assessed by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) using a mini peak flow meter. In addition, improvement in lung function was assessed by physical examination (rhonchi and crepitation) and other symptoms such as cough, breathlessness and sputum. S. xanthocarpum and S. trilobatum produced a progressive improvement in the ventilatory function of asthmatic individuals over 3 days. The scores for rhonchi, cough, breathlessness and sputum were decreased by these drug treatments. The improvement in PEFR and the reduction in other symptom scores clearly indicate a bronchodilator effect, a decrease of oedema and secretions in the airway lumen. The response to these herbs can be considered to be equivalent to that of deriphylline but less than salbutamol. No untoward effects were reported during the study. The present study further confirms the traditional use of these herbs in bronchial asthma.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and β2-glycoprotein I in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and increased carotid intima-media thickness: implications in autoimmune-mediated atherosclerosis (2006)

Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds beta2GPI producing immunogenic oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Circulating oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 SLE patients asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasound in all patients and controls. Forty-seven percent of SLE presented plaques (median IMT of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median IMT of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes in SLE was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/beta2GPI antibodies was also higher in SLE (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in SLE (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between IMT and oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/beta2GPI complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/beta2GPI antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated atherosclerosis.
Broadband population inversion by phase modulated pulses (1983)

We present a class of continuously phase modulated radiation pulses that result in coherent population inversion over a large range of transition frequencies. The continuously modulated pulses can be approximated by sequences of discrete phase shifted pulses. Simulations of the inversion properties of the continuously modulated pulses and of the discrete pulse sequences are given.
Hydrogen sulfide and radon in and over the western North Atlantic Ocean (1991)

Atmospheric measurements of radon and hydrogen sulfide, and seawater measurements of total sulfide, free sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide, were made on a cruise in the western North Atlantic Ocean (October 24 to November 9, 1989). Measured values for 222 Rn ranged from 3 to 70 pCi m −3 , those for atmospheric hydrogen sulfide from 1 to 85 parts per trillion, and those for dissolved total and free sulfide in seawater from 33 to 930 pmol L −1 and 0 to 73 pmol L −1 , respectively. A positive correlation between 222 Rn and atmospheric H 2 S was observed. Both 222 Rn and H 2 S were high in air masses traced back to North America. Measurements in seawater showed that uncomplexed sulfides were approximately 13% of total sulfide at 2 m depth. Atmospheric H 2 S and dissolved H 2 S in seawater were usually not far from saturation equilibrium. Our results indicate that the ocean acted at some times as a source of atmospheric H 2 S but more frequently as a sink. Hydrolysis of COS and atmospheric deposition of H 2 S both may contribute to the budget of dissolved sulfide in seawater of the western North Atlantic Ocean. On a global scale the ocean/atmosphere exchange of H 2 S appears to play a minor role in the atmospheric sulfur cycle.
Modulating the Conductance of a Au–octanedithiol–Au Molecular Junction (2007)

Stretching the point: Single molecules of 1,8-octanedithiol are covalently connected between two gold electrodes to form a molecular junction (see figure). The junction can be broken and reformed by stretching the molecule, and the conductance of the junction is measured while applying a modulation with an STM piezoelectric transducer. Such a process allows greater understanding of such junctions and of processes at the single-molecule level.
An ordered mesoporous silica framework based electrolyte with nanowetted interfaces for solid-state lithium batteries (2018)

An ionic liquid incorporated mesoporous silica has been developed as electrolyte to suppress dendrite formation in solid Li metal batteries.
Sodium-hydrogen exchange in renal epithelia: mechanisms of acute regulation (1997)

Five isoforms of sodium-hydrogen exchangers are present in the kidney. Specific isoforms serve specialized functions and are strategically located in polarized distributions in different nephron segments. This review updates understanding of the renal distribution and highlights some of the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of acute regulation of sodium-hydrogen exchangers in the kidney.
Comparison of Dry Powder versus Nebulized Beta-Agonist in Patients with COPD Who Have Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate (2013)

At peak effect (2 hr), volume responses were greater with arfomoterol via nebulizer compared with dry powder salmeterol in patients with COPD who had a PIFRresist of <60 L/min. Bronchodilator therapy via nebulization should be considered in patients with COPD who have a suboptimal PIFRresist against a particular DPI.
Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and efficacy of antioxidant supplementation (2013)

Background: To detect circulating markers of oxidative stress in women with normal pregnancy, women at risk of preeclampsia and women with preeclampsia and to assess the effect of Antioxidants on the levels of markers of oxidative stress in all the groups .Methods: Quasi experimental study design, an experimental study with multiple arms conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha from March 2009 to July 2012.Results: Of 872 women enrolled, 290 were in the Normal Group (Normotensive women), 302 were in the At Risk Preeclampsia and 280 women allocated to Preeclampsia Group. Maximum numbers of pregnant women were between 20-24 years age group being 74.71%, 74.73% and 67.31% in the normal, at risk of Preeclampsia and preeclampsia group respectively Mean MDA level was 2.44 nmol/ml in normotensive women, 2.45 nmol/ml in at risk of preeclampsia and 4.83 nmol/ml in women with preeclampsia. SOD level in units/gm Hb%. Mean ± SD was 9.58±6.44 in normotensive group, 8.12±6.67, in at risk of preeclampsia group and 6.88±14.90 in preeclampsia group (p<0.05). This is due to antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in preeclampsia with resultant fall in plasma levels of SOD. Rising levels of MDA with the progression of gestation in placebo groups of all the pregnant women (Normotensive, at risk of preeclampsia and preeclampsia) and decline in the levels in those patients supplemented with antioxidant vitamins was observed. However there was no definite trend of significant rise or fall in the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme except in preeclamptic women. Conclusions: Circulating biomarker, MDA levels were raised significantly in women with preeclampsia. Superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme showed lower levels in preeclamptic patients. Following antioxidant supplementation marked improvement was noticed in the biochemical indices in all the major groups (normal pregnancy, pregnancy at risk of preeclampsia and preeclampsia). Vitamin supplementation has definite role in reducing the oxidative stress and maternal and perinatal morbidity.
Nanowire-based field effect transistors for terahertz detection and imaging systems (2013)

The development of self-assembled nanostructure technologies has recently opened the way towards a wide class of semiconductor integrated devices, with progressively optimized performances and the potential for a widespread range of electronic and photonic applications. Here we report on the development of field effect transistors (FETs) based on semiconductor nanowires (NWs) as highly-sensitive room-temperature plasma-wave broadband terahertz (THz) detectors. The electromagnetic radiation at 0.3 THz is funneled onto a broadband bow-tie antenna, whose lobes are connected to the source and gate FET electrodes. The oscillating electric field experienced by the channel electrons, combined with the charge density modulation by the gate electrode, results in a source-drain signal rectification, which can be read as a DC signal output. We investigated the influence of Se-doping concentration of InAs NWs on the detection performances, reaching responsivity values higher than 100 V W⁻¹, with noise-equivalent-power of ∼10⁻⁹ W Hz(⁻½). Transmission imaging experiments at 0.3 THz show the good reliability and sensitivity of the devices in a real practical application.
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of bosentan in portopulmonary hypertension (2012)

Data on treatment of patients with portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) are limited, as they are usually excluded from randomised controlled trials with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific therapies. This study investigated the short- and long-term efficacy/safety of bosentan in these patients, as well as its pharmacokinetics. All 34 consecutive patients with PoPH treated with first-line bosentan (December 2002 to July 2009) were retrospectively evaluated. Assessments included the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC), blood tests, haemodynamics, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and event-free status. The pharmacokinetics of bosentan in five patients with Child-Pugh (C-P) class B cirrhosis were compared with idiopathic PAH patients. Significant improvements from baseline were observed in NYHA FC, 6 MWD and haemodynamics, and were largely maintained during follow-up. Patients with C-P class B cirrhosis (n=9) had significantly larger haemodynamic improvement after mean ± SD 5 ± 2 months. Mean follow-up time was 43 ± 19 months; four patients died and seven patients had significant elevation of liver enzymes (annual rate 5.5%). Plasma concentrations of bosentan were higher in patients with C-P class B cirrhosis than those observed in idiopathic PAH. These data confirm the benefit of bosentan treatment for patients with PoPH. Haemodynamic improvements were particularly pronounced in patients with more severe cirrhosis. The safety profile of bosentan was consistent with previous studies.
The Effect of Bifidobacterium Administration in Patients with Leukemia (1984)

The intestinal flora of patients with leukemia was changed by chemotherapy. In many cases, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus vulgaris, etc., which are normally sparse, increased greatly. Anaerobic bacteria, especially Bacteroides, also increased. Many cases of Candida overgrowth were also observed. This imbalance of intestinal microorganisms was counteracted by oral Bifidobacterium administration. Endotoxin in the blood and indican in the urine were tested in leukemia patients. These tests were positive in many cases and were reduced by Bifidobacterium administration.