gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Allele of <i>COL9A2</i> Associated with Intervertebral Disc Disease (1999)

Intervertebral disc disease is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. A number of environmental and anthropometric risk factors may contribute to it, and recent reports have suggested the importance of genetic factors as well. The COL9A2 gene, which codes for one of the polypeptide chains of collagen IX that is expressed in the intervertebral disc, was screened for sequence variations in individuals with intervertebral disc disease. The analysis identified a putative disease-causing sequence variation that converted a codon for glutamine to one for tryptophan in six out of the 157 individuals but in none of 174 controls. The tryptophan allele cosegregated with the disease phenotype in the four families studied, giving a lod score (logarithm of odds ratio) for linkage of 4.5, and subsequent linkage disequilibrium analysis conditional on linkage gave an additional lod score of 7.1.
Microvessel density and VEGF expression are prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. Meta-analysis of the literature (2006)

We performed a meta-analysis of all published studies relating intratumoural microvessel density (MVD) (45 studies) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression (27 studies), both reflecting angiogenesis, to relapse free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer (CRC). For each study, MVD impact was measured by risk ratio between the two survival distributions with median MVD as cutoff. Eleven studies did not mention survival data or fit inclusion criteria, six were multiple publications of same series, leaving 32 independent studies for MVD (3496 patients) and 18 for VEGF (2050 patients). Microvessel density was assessed by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against factor VIII (16 studies), CD31 (10 studies) or CD34 (seven studies). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was mostly assessed by immunohistochemistry. Statistics were performed for MVD in 22 studies (the others lacking survival statistics) including nine studies (n = 957) for RFS and 18 for OS (n = 2383) and for VEGF in 17 studies, including nine studies for RFS (n = 1064) and 10 for OS (n = 1301). High MVD significantly predicted poor RFS (RR = 2.32 95% CI: 1.39-3.90; P < 0.001) and OS (RR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.08-1.92; P = 0.01). Using CD31 or CD34, MVD was inversely related to survival, whereas it was not using factor VIII. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression significantly predicted poor RFS (RR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.95-4.16) and OS (RR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.27-2.14). To strengthen our findings, future prospective studies should explore the relation between MVD or VEGF expression and survival or response to therapy (e.g. antiangiogenic therapy). Assessment of these angiogenic markers should be better standardised in future studies.
Early Selective Vulnerability of Synapses and Synaptic Mitochondria in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

Increasing experimental evidence indicates that synaptic alterations play a key role in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional and structural synaptic changes progressively take place, beginning in the early phase of AD, mainly triggered by intracellular accumulation of soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. These peptides also accumulate within mitochondria, heavily affecting their function and morphology, particularly in synaptic compartments. To better understand the role of mitochondrial impairment in synaptic alterations during the early stages of AD, a morphological investigation was performed by means of electron microscopy in the hippocampus of 3 month-old Tg2576 and transgene-negative littermate mice. In the stratum moleculare of CA1 pyramidal cells (SMCA1) of transgenic animals compared to controls, we found significantly larger and less numerous synapses, with a significantly reduced fraction of the perforated subtype, as well as significantly smaller and more numerous mitochondria. In contrast, no differences between the two groups of mice were found in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The reduction of synaptic contacts in SMCA1 indicates a precocious vulnerability of this region, and the synaptic enlargement may reflect a compensating process aimed at maintaining the overall contact density. Accordingly, mitochondrial modifications may represent a plastic reactive phenomenon aimed at sustaining the increased energy needs for synaptic remodeling, since mitochondrial morphology was perfectly preserved and smaller mitochondria are metabolically more efficient. Thus, morphological changes occurring at synaptic level in SMCA1 of 3 month-old Tg2576 mice might reflect a precocious vulnerability associated with a residual plastic reactivity which may slow down functional alterations.
Rhinoviruses replicate effectively at lower airway temperatures (1999)

Rhinoviruses are epidemiologically connected to the majority of acute asthma exacerbations; however, their ability to infect and replicate in the lower airways is disputed. A frequent argument against this possibility involves the temperature preference for rhinovirus replication, generally accepted to be 33 degrees C, the temperature of the nasal passages. However, this argument is based on studies with a single rhinovirus serotype. In this study, differences in temperature preferences were evaluated between several serotypes and relative titers were determined than can be achieved at upper and lower airway temperatures. Rhinovirus serotypes 1b, 2, 7, 9, 14, 16, 41, and 70 were titrated in Ohio-HeLa cell cultures at either 33 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Possible selection by culture temperature was examined by continuous culture at 33 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 2-4 passages and subsequent titration at both temperatures. Finally, nasal aspirate samples derived from patients with wild-type rhinoviral common colds were cultured at 33 degrees C and 37 degrees C and RT-PCR was used to assess rhinovirus replication at each temperature. The majority of the serotypes and wild-type viruses replicated slightly better at 33 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. However, titers achieved after one or more replicative cycles at 37 degrees C were still high enough to initiate infection. Furthermore, in some instances equal or even better replication was observed at 37 degrees C. It is concluded that temperature preferences may vary between rhinoviruses and are not likely to be a prohibitive factor for infection of the lower airways.
Identification of ARMA Models by Bayesian Methods Applied to Streamflow Data (2006)

This work describes a methodology to estimate autoregressive moving average parameters, including both coefficients and model orders, by means of Bayesian inference. In order to solve the integrals involved in the Bayesian methodology, Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation algorithms are employed. The inference of model orders is a formidable task, due to the changes of parameter space dimension involved. To address dimension changes, both Metropolis-Hastings and reversible jump algorithm steps inside a Gibbs sampler are applied. MCMC simulation is also applied to evaluate the predictive capability of the estimated models. The methodology is illustrated with streamflow time series data
DIRETRIZES PARA O PROJETO DE EDIFÍCIOS VOLTADOS PARA O APOIO AO ENSINO SUPERIOR REALIZADO ATRAVÉS DO EAD NO BRASIL (2020)

Este artigo posiciona-se frente à intensa e crescente expansão recente do ensino superior à distância no Brasil devido a condicionantes como: o surgimento de novas concepções pedagógicas; a clara emergência do aluno nativo digital; o rápido desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação; a eclosão de novas legislações que perseguem o estímulo ao aumento quantitativo e qualitativo da estrutura educacional. Vive-se a era do conhecimento com a afirmação do tele trabalho e a banalização do lugar e a necessidade das relações assíncronas, impossíveis de serem respondidas pelo ensino unicamente presencial. Tudo isto possui fortes consequências para o projeto arquitetônico escolar, que precisa ser aperfeiçoado, tanto na sede, como nos polos de apoio presencial, envolvendo a infraestrutura física e os apoios essenciais para a operacionalidade dos cursos. A metodologia empregada é pesquisa bibliográfica, enfocando a caracterização do processo em âmbito nacional e internacional. Os resultados alcançados constituem-se em diretrizes a serem aplicadas em projetos de espaços físicos de apoio ao ensino a distância e híbridos.
Electronic Structure and Biological Activity of Guanidinopyrimidines (1979)

The electronic structures of guanidinopyrimidine derivatives were investigated by the extended Hückel method. A moderately high electronic density was observed at the guanidino function, and the net electronic charge of the guanidino function was found correlated with the dissociation constants. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was also found correlated with the net electronic charge of the guanidino functional group, with the hydrophobicity of the molecules taken into account as an additional factor.
Molecular genetics, gene transfer, and therapy (1997)

J.G. Hauge, Historical Overview and Current Trends. J. Carter, S. Vande Woude, and G.F. Vande Woude, Mechanisms of Oncogenesis. G.H. Sack, Jr., Molecular Genetics in the Diagnosis of Canine Disease. J. Walter and K.A. High, Gene Therapy for the Hemophilias. F. Fuller, Genes Controlling Retroviral Virulence. J.E. Womack, Mapping Genomes of Domestic Animals. C.S. Mellersh and E.A. Ostrander, The Canine Genome. Subject Index.
Significance of electrocardiographic isolated abnormal terminal P-wave force (left atrial abnormality). An echocardiographic and clinical correlation. (1988)

An abnormal terminal negative deflection in precordial lead V1 (PTFV1) is occasionally present as an isolated electrocardiographic finding. To determine the significance of this, 41 patients with PTFV1 greater than or equal to 0.04 mms were recalled for a repeated electrocardiogram as well as an echocardiographic examination. Patients were classified as cardiovascular normal (n = 15) or abnormal (n = 26). Left atrial enlargement was the most common echocardiographic abnormality found, but represented less than a third of the total. P-wave prolongation (greater than 110 ms) was present in 30 of the 41 patients and 21 of the 26 abnormal patients. This persisted into the second study, while the PTFV1 fell significantly in both the normal and abnormal groups. Among the P-wave abnormalities found, combinations were used to identify patients most likely to have cardiovascular disease. The most discriminating was an initial abnormal PTFV1 in combination with P-wave prolongation (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 40%; positive predictive value, 70%; and negative predictive value, 55%). Maximal specificity (93%) and positive predictive value (88%) were achieved when P-wave prolongation and PTFV1 greater than or equal to 0.06 mms were present in both studies, although the sensitivity for this criterion was only 27%. The isolated P-wave abnormality described may be helpful in suggesting the presence of underlying cardiovascular disease and indicate the need for further evaluation.
Practical Implementation of Memristor-Based Threshold Logic Gates (2019)

Current advances in emerging memory technologies enable novel and unconventional computing architectures for high-performance and low-power electronic systems, capable of carrying out massively parallel operations at the edge. One emerging technology, ReRAM, also known to belong in the family of memristors (memory resistors), is gathering attention due to its attractive features for logic and in-memory computing and benefits which follow from its technological attributes, such as nanoscale dimensions, low-power operation, and multi-state programming. At the same time, the design with CMOS is quickly reaching its physical and functional limitations, and further research toward novel logic families, such as threshold logic gates (TLGs), is scoped. In this paper, we introduce a physical implementation of a memristor-based current-mode TLG (MCMTLG) circuit and validate its design and operation through multiple experimental setups. We demonstrate two-input, three-input, and four-input MCMTLG configurations and showcase their reconfiguration capability. This is achieved by varying memristive weights arbitrarily for shaping the classification decision boundary, thus showing a promise as an alternative hardware-friendly implementation of artificial neural networks. Through the employment of real memristor devices as the equivalent of synaptic weights in TLGs, we are realizing components that can be used toward an in silico classifier.
Optical componentry utilized in field trial of single-mode fiber long-haul transmission (1982)

Realization of large-capacity long-haul transmission systems is now quite promising due to rapid development in the field of optical fibers. This paper describes single-mode fiber optical components for use in the above-mentioned system. In particular, LD modules and optical connectors are most important for construction of a practical system. Thus, they are explained in detail along with their development procedures. Important field trial results of these components are also presented.
Inscription of first-order sapphire Bragg gratings using 400 nm femtosecond laser radiation (2013)

The paper describes the implementation of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed by femtosecond laser pulses with a wavelength of 400 nm. The use of a Talbot interferometer for the inscription process makes multiplexing practicable. We demonstrate the functionality of a three-grating multiplexing sensor and the temperature stability up to 1200 °C for a single first-order Bragg grating.
Effect of <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> and <i>e</i> <i>x</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> annealing on dislocations in GaAs on Si substrates (1987)

Gallium arsenide layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) Si substrates were subjected to annealing under As overpressure at 650, 750, and 850 °C for 1/2 h. A substantial reduction in the dislocation density near the interface and in the bulk of the epitaxial layers was observed for the 850 °C anneal. In situ annealing at 700 °C for 1/2 h after 1/2 h of growth followed by a deposition of InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices and bulk layers also resulted in reduced dislocation densities.
Multilingualism in Taiwan (2010)

This study investigates the extent to which multilingualism has been practiced in Taiwan and the related factors that contribute to it. Taiwan is composed of various ethnic immigrants who usurped the lands of the existing Austro-Polynesian aboriginal populations. These ethnic languages provided the basis for the way in which multilingualism manifests itself in Taiwan, and were exposed to the impact of various language policies implemented throughout history. However, how those policies affected the development of multilingualism and to what extent is yet to be investigated. This study intends to do precisely this. First, it analyzes the contact situations among the ethnolinguistic groups and concurrent interventions of language policies. This analysis provides the background of the multilingual-make-up of Taiwan. Then, the vitality of languages in the current verbal repertoire is investigated in terms of Taiwanese people's language proficiency, language use in different domains, and language attitudes. The results show that the existing multi-ethnolinguistic community that developed from different waves of immigration in Taiwan has been subject to a high level of intervention by the Government's top-down language policies. The National Language Policy, which favors Mandarin at the expense of all Taiwanese ethnic languages, has led to the rapid shift of Taiwanese ethnic languages, but attempts to reverse language shift via the Mother Tongue Language Policy have not been effectively implemented. Issues of globalization have resulted in revisions to the English Language Policy, with English becoming strongly favored though not widely used. Other (ethnic) languages, although not officially restricted in use, appear to be in the process of rapidly losing capacity at the level of the expression of pragmatic functionality.
A Comprehensive Approach to Self-Restricted Delegation of Rights in Grids (2008)

The delegation of user rights is an essential functionality of GSI-based grid environments. This mechanism facilitates proxy certificates that are derived from the users' end- entity certificates and enables grid services to act in the issuing user's name. Currently, the implementation of the GSI forces users to delegate their complete scope of rights. Compromised proxy credentials can thus be used to perform every action users are entitled to. While this is no major issue for traditional Grid communities, it effectively prevents security sensitive communities like medical users from using the Grid. This paper presents a user-based approach to restrict the scope of rights that are delegated by the user. Thus, the risk imposed by compromised proxy credentials is significantly reduced. We define a policy extension for proxy certificates that contains fine-grained authorization policies expressed in XACML. These are used to limit delegated privileges for the access of storage and compute resources. The mechanisms shown in this paper enable users to restrict the delegated rights to the access of specific files on storage resources and to the execution of specific compute jobs. The respective policy enforcement takes place on the gLite IO-Service and the gLite computing element. Compatibility to the existing proxy certificate renewal mechanism is preserved by an extension to the MyProxy service. Finally, we present a GridSphere-based graphical front-end that simplifies the process of policy specification and submission of jobs to the grid.
Evidence for a unique human fibroblast interferon (IFN-β<sub>1</sub>) chromosomal gene, devoid of intervening sequences (1981)

Direct restriction analysis of the human genome, using the Southern transfer technique and hybridization with a human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) complementary DNA insert probe, revealed the presence of a single gene; no additional closely related IFN-beta genes could be detected. A lambda-linked human gene library (Lawn et al., Cell, 15, 1157-1174 (1978)) was screened using the cDNA probe. Out of 600,000 recombinant phage examined, one single clone bearing interferon sequences was obtained. Restriction analysis of the relevant region revealed an identical restriction map as obtained for the IFN-beta 1 cDNA clones. No intervening sequences could be detected, either in the coding or the non-coding regions of the gene.
69 GHz frequency divider with a cantilevered base InP DHBT (2003)

High speed digital logic is essential in diverse applications such as optical communication, frequency synthesizers, and analog-digital conversion. Current research efforts indicate that technologies utilizing heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) are the preferred approach for systems operating at clock frequencies of 40 GHz and above. In this paper we report a novel InAlAs/InGaAs/InP double-HBT (DHBT) with a cantilevered base layer and undercut collector. We fabricated and demonstrated a 69 GHz 2:1 digital frequency divider using this technology, which is, to our knowledge, the fastest divider reported to date in any semiconductor technology.
Metal Gate Recessed Access Device (RAD) for DRAM Scaling (2007)

A functional DRAM with higher data retention characteristics than a planar access device has been demonstrated, using a metal gate recessed access device (RAD). Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) were used to deposit titanium nitride (TiN) and tantalum nitride (TaN), respectively. CVD TiN and ALD TaN-CVD TiN laminate gate stacks were integrated with a RAD module. ALD TaN-CVD TiN laminate gates showed enhanced drive current (IDS), higher transconductance (GM), higher mobility (μEFF) and reduced off current (IOFF) characteristics compared to CVD TiN gates. Device characteristics and reliability data for both the planar devices and RADs are presented. The ALD TaN-CVD TiN laminate metal gate RAD showed much improved data retention characteristics compared to a conventional planar device with a poly silicon gate. The optimum thickness of ALD TaN in the laminate stack is discussed.
Low-Intensity Laser Therapy/Combined Phototherapy in the Management of Chronic Venous Ulceration: A Placebo-Controlled Study (2002)

These findings provide only limited evidence for the use of this modality as an adjunctive therapy with current nursing intervention. Further group studies are indicated to investigate the apparent delayed effect reported here for various etiologies of ulceration.
Denoising one-dimensional signals with curvelets and contourlets (2014)

Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Discrete Wavelet Transformations (DWTs) have been routinely used as methods of denoising signals. DWT limitations include the inability to detect contours, curves and directional information of multi-dimensional signals. In the past decade, two new approaches have surfaced: curvelets, developed by Candès; and contourlets, developed by Do et al. The typical applications of contourlets and curvelets include two-dimensional image data denoising. We explore the use of curvelets and contourlets to the one-dimensional (1D) denoising problem. Working with seismic data, we introduce various types of data noise and the wavelet, curvelet, and contourlet transforms are applied to each signal. We tested multiple decomposition levels and different thresholding values. The benchmark for determining the effectiveness of each transform is the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between the original signal and the denoised signal. The proposed denoising methods demonstrate contourlets and curvelets as a viable alternative to the DWT and FFT during signal processing. The initial results indicate that the contourlet and curvelet methods yield a higher PSNR and lower error than the DWT and FFT for 1D data.
Genome-scale DNA methylation analyses of cancer in children (2012)

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Primary Amides. A General Nitrogen Source for Catalytic Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Olefins (2000)

N-Bromo,N-lithio salts of primary carboxamides have been shown to be efficient nitrogen sources for catalytic asymmetric aminohydroxylation of olefins, behaving much like the parent N-bromoacetamide in these reactions. alpha-Chloro-N-bromoacetamide is a particularly interesting nitrogen source, as it is functionalized for further reaction, including easy deprotection by treatment with thiourea.