gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Induced a High Accumulation of Dietary Isoflavones and Expression of Isoflavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Leaves (2016)

Dietary isoflavones, daidzein and genistein are of huge interest in the nutraceutical field due to their practical application to postmenopause complications. This study is the first report an efficient method to prepare isoflavone rich soybean leaves (soyleaves) which is an edible food stuff in Asian countries. The preharvest treatment of ethylene highly stimulated the level of isoflavone in soyleaves. Annotation and quantification of metabolites were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC. Phenolic metabolites of soyleaves are mostly kaempferol glycosides, but not dietary isoflavones. The accumulated isoflavones by ethylene treatment were determined to be daidzin 1, genistin 2, malonyldaidzin 3 and malonylgenistin 4, which were easily hydrolyzed to daidzein and genistein by β-glucosidase. Total content of dietary isoflavones was increased up to 13854 μg/g. The most suitable condition was estimated to be 250 μg/g ethylene or 200 μg/g ethephon (ethylene donor) treatment at the R3 growth stage. The ratio of daidzein and genistein glycosides was approximately 5 to 3. The accumulated isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were identified within the transcriptome of soyleaves tissues at 1 day after treatment of ethephon. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis of these genes indicated significantly higher expression of CHS, CHI, IFS, HID, IF7GT, and IF7MaT compared to control leaves. These findings suggest that ethylene activates a set of structural genes involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, thereby leading to enhanced production of isoflavones in soybean plants.
IL-15 Receptor alpha increases the stability and promotes secretion and bioactivity of the short signal peptide variant of IL-15 (38.3) (2009)

Abstract Two isoforms of interleukin-15 (IL-15) are known, containing a long signal peptide (LSP) or a short signal peptide (SSP), respectively. The two forms are produced by alternatively spliced mRNAs. It has been proposed that SSP IL-15 remains exclusively intracellular and its function is not known. We show that, similar to LSP IL-15, SSP IL-15 is stabilized and secreted efficiently upon coexpression of IL-15 Receptor alpha (IL-15Ra). Co-injection of mice with SSP IL-15 and IL-15Ra expressing plasmids showed increased plasma levels of bioactive IL-15 and mobilization and expansion of NK and T cells. Therefore, SSP IL-15 is secreted and bioactive when produced as a heterodimer with IL-15Ra in the same cell, though its apparent stability is lower compared to LSP IL-15, due to different intracellular processing. When both LSP IL-15 and SSP IL-15 are produced in the same cell they compete for the binding to IL-15Ra, and result in lower levels of bioactive IL-15. Therefore, co-expressed SSP IL-15 acts as competitive inhibitor of LSP IL-15. This suggests that usage of alternative splicing is an additional level of control of IL-15 activity. Expression of both SSP and LSP forms of IL-15 appears to be conserved in many mammals, suggesting that SSP may be important for expressing a form of IL-15 with lower magnitude and duration of biological effects. These results support and expand our conclusions (Bergamaschi, J Biol Chem. 2008; 283:4189) that IL-15Ra needs to be co-expressed in the same cell with IL-15 for biological activity, and that IL-15Ra should be considered a part of the heterodimeric IL-15 cytokine, rather than part of the receptor.
Marine Vibrator Sources: Motion Correction, Deghosting and Designature (2019)

Summary Traditional marine seismic sources such as compressed air sources are impulsive and thus deliver their output almost instantaneously. This implies that the source output can be assumed to be stationary and the associated source motion neglected during processing. However, with increasingly strict environmental regulations and demand for efficiency and control of the source output, alternative sources that can meet these requirements are currently being developed. Marine vibrators are among the most promising candidates for such sources since they are inherently non-impulsive and controllable. The output is distributed over time, typically as sweep signals in the order of a few seconds in duration. Consequently, marine vibrators are highly susceptible to source motion effects. In this paper, we demonstrate how to properly handle these motion effects and perform source deghosting and designature in one operation. The input data is modeled using moving sources following the Marine Vibrator Joint Industry Project (MVJIP) source specifications.
Inviz: Low-power personalized gesture recognition using wearable textile capacitive sensor arrays (2015)

Home automation and environmental control is a key ingredient of smart homes. While systems for home automation and control exist, there are few systems that interact with individuals suffering from paralysis, paresis, weakness and limited range of motion that are common sequels resulting from severe injuries such as stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury and many chronic (guillian barre syndrome) and degenerative (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) conditions. To address this problem, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of Inviz, a low-cost gesture recognition system for paralysis patients that uses flexible textile-based capacitive sensor arrays for movement detection. The design of Inviz presents two novel research contributions. First, the system uses flexible textile-based capacitive arrays as proximity sensors that are minimally obtrusive and can be built into clothing for gesture and movement detection in patients with limited body motion. The proximity sensing obviates the need for touch-based gesture recognition that can cause skin abrasion in paralysis patients, and the array of capacitive sensors help provide better spatial resolution and noise cancellation. Second, Inviz uses a low-power hierarchical signal processing algorithm that breaks down computation into multiple low and high power tiers. The tiered approach provides maximal vigilance at minimal energy consumption. We have designed and implemented a fully functional prototype of Inviz and we evaluate it in the context of an end-to-end home automation system and show that it achieves high accuracy while maintaining low latency and low energy consumption.
Digital control of an automobile engine air-fuel ratio system (2002)

The digital control of an automobile engine air-fuel (A/F) ratio system is considered. Feedback in the existing A/F ratio system is provided by a relatively inexpensive HEGO sensor. This sensor only quantizes the system's output into two levels, high or low. Preliminary results concerning the development of a digital controller that improves system performance using the existing HEGO sensor, rather than a higher resolution and more expensive sensor, is presented.
Slotted multimode-interference devices (2004)

We describe a novel modification of multimode-interference devices that has broad applicability. The modification involves introducing a slot (or slots), of a specific width and effective refractive index and at a specific position, that runs the longitudinal length of the multimode-interference region. Introducing N slots reduces the self-image length by a factor of N + 1. Varying the effective refractive index or width of the slot(s) creates a switch. The slot modification can be accomplished in a variety of ways, actually increases bandwidth, and has good error tolerances.
A Leukocyte Type of 12-Lipoxygenase Is Expressed in Human Vascular and Mononuclear Cells (1995)

The lipoxygenase (LO) pathway has been implicated in leading to accelerated atherosclerosis. However, the precise type of LO present in unstimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HSMC), endothelial cells (HAEC), and monocytes (MO) is not clear. In this study, we used a specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to analyze the type of LO mRNA expressed in normal HSMC, HAEC, and MO. In all three cell types, a 333-base-pair band was seen when primers and probes specific for the leukocyte type of 12-LO were used, suggesting that a leukocyte type of 12-LO is expressed in these cell types. Western immunoblotting analysis in cultured HSMC, HAEC, and MO using a polyclonal peptide antibody to the leukocyte type of 12-LO showed a specific 72-kD band that is identical to the molecular weight of the leukocyte type of 12-LO. These results indicate that a leukocyte type of 12-LO RNA and protein are expressed in HSMC, HAEC, and MO. Further, angiotensin II upregulates 12-LO activity and expression in HSMC, supporting a role for this 12-LO pathway in human vascular disease.
Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, and Genomics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the Etiologic Agent of Johne’s Disease (2017)

<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. Neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal-oral route. MAP attaches to, translocates <i>via</i> the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. The ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. We review various tissue culture systems, ileal loops, and mice, goats, and cattle used to study MAP pathogenesis. MAP can be detected in clinical samples by microscopy, culturing, PCR, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There are commercial vaccines that reduce clinical disease and shedding, unfortunately, their efficacies are limited and may not engender long-term protective immunity. Moreover, the potential linkage with Crohn's disease and other human diseases makes MAP a concern as a zoonotic pathogen. Potential therapies with anti-mycobacterial agents are also discussed. The completion of the MAP K-10 genome sequence has greatly improved our understanding of MAP pathogenesis. The analysis of this sequence has identified a wide range of gene functions involved in virulence, lipid metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and main metabolic pathways. We also review the transposons utilized to generate random transposon mutant libraries and the recent advances in the post-genomic era. This includes the generation and characterization of allelic exchange mutants, transcriptomic analysis, transposon mutant banks analysis, new efforts to generate comprehensive mutant libraries, and the application of transposon site hybridization mutagenesis and transposon sequencing for global analysis of the MAP genome. Further analysis of candidate vaccine strains development is also provided with critical discussions on their benefits and shortcomings, and strategies to develop a highly efficacious live-attenuated vaccine capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
Ultra-low-field MRI for the detection of liquid explosives (2010)

Recently it has become both possible and practical to use magnetic resonance (MR) at magnetic fields in the range from µT to mT, the so-called ultra-low-field (ULF) regime. SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) sensor technology allows for ultra-sensitive detection while pulsed pre-polarizing fields greatly enhance the signal. The instrumentation allows for unprecedented flexibility in signal acquisition sequences and simplified MRI instrumentation. Here we present results for a new application of ULF MRI and relaxometry for the detection and characterization of liquids. We briefly describe the motivation and advantages of the ULF MR approach, and present recent results from a seven-channel ULF MRI/relaxometer system constructed to non-invasively inspect liquids at a security checkpoint for the presence of hazardous material. The instrument was deployed at the Albuquerque International Airport in December 2008, and results from that endeavor are also presented.
Broadband Raman amplifiers design and practice (2000)

Multi-wavelength pumping scheme is described to realize a broadband and flattened gain in Raman amplifiers. The design issues and experimental results are reviewed.
7-Azaindenoisoquinolines as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors and Potential Anticancer Agents (2011)

A series of 7-azaindenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors have been prepared to investigate the effect of increased electron affinity of the aromatic system on the ability to stabilize the Top1-DNA cleavage complex. Ab initio calculations suggest that introduction of nitrogen into the aromatic system of the indenoisoquinolines would facilitate charge transfer complex formation with DNA, thus improving the π-π stacking interactions. The present study shows that 7-azaindenoisoquinolines demonstrate improved water solubility without any decrease in Top1 inhibitory activity or cytotoxicity. Analysis of the biological results reveals that smaller lactam ring substituents enable intercalation into both free DNA and Top1-DNA cleavage complex, whereas larger substituents only allow binding to the cleavage complex but not free DNA. Free DNA binding suppresses Top1-catalyzed DNA cleavage at high drug concentrations, whereas DNA cleavage and inhibition of religation occurs at low drug concentration.
Simultaneously Harvesting Electrostatic and Mechanical Energies from Flowing Water by a Hybridized Triboelectric Nanogenerator (2014)

Flowing water contains not only mechanical kinetic energy, but also the electrostatic energy owing to the triboelectric charges caused by its contact with surrounding media such as air. In this paper, a water wheel hybridized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), composed of a water-TENG part and a disk-TENG part, has been developed for simultaneously harvesting the two types of energies from the tap water flowing from a household faucet. The wheel blades of the hybridized TENG are composed by superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin films with nanostructures, which are used as water-TENG to harvest the electrostatic energy from the flowing water. In addition, the flowing water impacted on the wheel blades also causes the rotation motion of disk-TENG and can be used to harvest the mechanical kinetic energy. The short-circuit current of the water-TENG and the disk-TENG at a flowing water rate of 54 mL/s can reach 12.9 and 3.8 μA, respectively. The hybridized TENG is also demonstrated to harvest wind energy and acts as a self-powered sensor to detect the flowing water rate and wind speed. All these results show the potentials of the hybridized TENG for harvesting multiple types of energies from the environment.
Product Superposition for MIMO Broadcast Channels (2012)

This paper considers the multiantenna broadcast channel without transmit-side channel state information. For this channel, it has been known that when all receivers have channel state information (CSIR), the degrees of freedom (DoFs) cannot be improved beyond what is available via time-division multiple access. The same is true if none of the receivers possess CSIR. This paper shows that an entirely new scenario emerges when receivers have unequal CSIR. In particular, orthogonal transmission is no longer DoF optimal when one receiver has CSIR and the other does not. A multiplicative superposition is proposed for this scenario and shown to attain the optimal DoFs under a wide set of antenna configurations and coherence lengths. Two signaling schemes are constructed based on the multiplicative superposition. In the first method, the messages of the two receivers are carried in the row and column spaces of a matrix, respectively. This method works better than orthogonal transmission while reception at each receiver is still interference-free. The second method uses coherent signaling for the receiver with CSIR, and Grassmannian signaling for the receiver without CSIR. This second method requires interference cancellation at the receiver with CSIR, but achieves higher DoF than the first method.
Modelling of swallowing organs and its validation using Swallow Vision<sup>®</sup>, a numerical swallowing simulator (2018)

Swallowing process occurring within the mouth and throat regions is so quick and complex that the three-dimensional (3D) motion of each organ involved in the process has not yet been visualised even by the state-of-the-art medical imaging technology. To overcome this issue, a realistic organ model has been developed based on the actual medical images and validated using swallowing simulation (by Swallow Vision ® ). A three-dimensional organ model coupled with a bolus flow model has been developed using a mesh-free moving particle simulation (MPS) method. Two organ models have been developed based on the computed tomography (CT) and video-fluorography (VF) images of a healthy male volunteer and a male patient with mild dysphagia, and validated by simulation. The results showed that these two models well-visualised each organ and the bolus flow, which were consistent with the actual images. The realistic organ model is deemed to be useful for acquiring a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of swallowing. Further work, especially on the segmentation and registration of medical images, will enable to develop various organ models from medical images, which may help in performing swallowing simulations in the clinical practice.
Human Collagen Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Is Activated by Ligands for Its Iron Center (2016)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. The posttranslational hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen contributes greatly to its conformational stability. Deficient hydroxylation is associated with a variety of disease states, including scurvy. The hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen is catalyzed by an Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (CP4H). CP4H has long been known to suffer oxidative inactivation during catalysis, and the cofactor ascorbate (vitamin C) is required to reactivate the enzyme by reducing its iron center from Fe(III) to Fe(II). Herein, we report on the discovery of the first synthetic activators of CP4H. Specifically, we find that 2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxylate and 2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylate serve as ligands for the iron center in human CP4H that enhance the rate of ascorbate-dependent reactivation. This new mode of CP4H activation is available to other biheteroaryl compounds but does not necessarily extend to other prolyl 4-hydroxylases. As collagen is weakened in many indications, analogous activators of CP4H could have therapeutic benefits.
Practical modeling and acquisition of layered facial reflectance (2008)

We present a practical method for modeling layered facial reflectance consisting of specular reflectance, single scattering, and shallow and deep subsurface scattering. We estimate parameters of appropriate reflectance models for each of these layers from just 20 photographs recorded in a few seconds from a single viewpoint. We extract spatially-varying specular reflectance and single-scattering parameters from polarization-difference images under spherical and point source illumination. Next, we employ direct-indirect separation to decompose the remaining multiple scattering observed under cross-polarization into shallow and deep scattering components to model the light transport through multiple layers of skin. Finally, we match appropriate diffusion models to the extracted shallow and deep scattering components for different regions on the face. We validate our technique by comparing renderings of subjects to reference photographs recorded from novel viewpoints and under novel illumination conditions.
Strain engineered InAs/GaAs quantum dots for 1.5 μm emitters (2003)

We show that it is possible to obtain emission up to 1.5 μm from InAs/GaAs quantum dots using a combination of low growth rates, a seed layer, variable substrate temperature, and InGaAs capping. These strain engineered structures exhibit a remarkably small linewidth (14 meV) consistent with islands that are very uniform in both composition and size.
Preparation of Hyperbranched Polyacrylates by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. 3. Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization of 2-((2-Bromopropionyl)oxy)ethyl Acrylate (1997)

The homopolymerization of 2-((2-bromopropionyl)oxy)ethyl acrylate (BPEA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a “living”/controlled radical polymerization system, has yielded a hyperbranched polymer. Variation of the reaction conditions and especially the concentration of copper(II) in the polymerization system affects not only the rate of polymerization but also the chain architecture. The copper(II) concentration in the polymerization medium is affected by solvent, the ligand used to complex copper, and temperature. The effects of temperature and ligand on the polymerization rate and the resulting chain architecture were studied.
Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Tolerant to Imperfections of Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Connectors (2018)

We investigate the effect of polarization cross-coupling at polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber connectors on the accuracy of an interferometric fiber-optic current sensor. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in a fiber coil operated in reflection mode and an interrogator based on nonreciprocal phase modulation. PM connectors in the fiber link between the sensor's opto-electronic module and the fiber coil give rise to signal instability due to a limited and insufficiently stable polarization extinction ratio (typically <;25-30 dB). As a result the accuracy of the sensor can be well outside the allowed tolerances of applications in the electric power industry which often demands accuracy to within ±0.2%. We demonstrate that by means of a modified optical circuit the disturbing effects of polarization cross-coupling can be largely eliminated. The modified circuit introduces group delays for the cross-coupled light waves relative to the undisturbed waves much larger than the coherence length of the broadband light source. We theoretically and experimentally show that connector extinction ratios well below 20 dB are still uncritical. Furthermore, we verify the superiority of the modified circuit at changing connector temperature (and hence changing temperature-induced stress in the connector ferrules) and at repeated connector open-close operations.
Point-wise extended visual masking for JPEG-2000 image compression (2002)

One common visual optimization strategy for image compression is to exploit the visual masking effect where artifacts are locally masked by the image acting as a background signal. In this paper, we present a point-wise extended visual masking approach that nonlinearly maps the wavelet coefficients to a perceptually uniform domain prior to quantization by taking advantages of both self-contrast masking and neighborhood masking effects, thus achieving very good visual quality. It is essentially a coefficient-wise adaptive quantization without any overhead. It allows bitstream scalability, as opposed to many previous works. The proposed scheme has been adopted into the working draft of JPEG-2000 Part II.
From Electric Acoustic Stimulation to Improved Sound Coding in Cochlear Implants (2009)

Research into electric acoustic stimulation (EAS) indicates that performance improves when acoustic stimulation is added to electric stimulation in subjects with residual low-frequency acoustic hearing. Research further indicates that information from the voice fundamental frequency (F(0)) region accounts for the majority of the added speech perception benefit with EAS. This implies that improved frequency coding in the low frequencies could hold great potential for improving performance with cochlear implants (CIs). Results with new speech coding strategies such as fine structure processing indeed indicate that with improved low-frequency coding, at least some of the benefits of EAS can be translated to regular CI users.