gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making “smart polymers” smarter: Modern concepts to regulate functions in polymer science (2009)

Abstract This highlight summarizes recent attempts and advances of macromolecular sciences to abstract the biological concept of regulation and import it into synthetic polymer systems. The differences of “responsive switching” exploited in smart polymers and “regulation” present in the biological world of proteins are evident. Therefore, the biomimetic regulation might advance the possibilities of polymer science beyond these of established “smart polymers” and makes precise regulation of functions through signaling events, signal transduction and even complex regulative circuits possible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1–14, 2010
National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws <i>(NORML)</i> v. Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. 559 F.2d 735 (1978)

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Life-sign detection of through-wall-radar based on fourth-order cumulant (2013)

This paper mainly addresses the through-wall life-sign detection with the low signal-to-noise ratio in the Gaussian background. A novel detection approach based on fourth-order cumulant is proposed to extract the weak life-sign such as human breathing. First, MTI is adopted to reduce the zero-frequency clutters including wall echoes. Then, according to the characteristic of suppression for Gaussian noise, the fourth-order cumulant of human echoes is calculated. Finally, the cumulant spectrum with the clear life-sign signal is acquired through FFT. The real data collected by our through-wall-radar demonstrate the theoretical validity.
Earthquake transformer—an attentive deep-learning model for simultaneous earthquake detection and phase picking (2020)

Earthquake signal detection and seismic phase picking are challenging tasks in the processing of noisy data and the monitoring of microearthquakes. Here we present a global deep-learning model for simultaneous earthquake detection and phase picking. Performing these two related tasks in tandem improves model performance in each individual task by combining information in phases and in the full waveform of earthquake signals by using a hierarchical attention mechanism. We show that our model outperforms previous deep-learning and traditional phase-picking and detection algorithms. Applying our model to 5 weeks of continuous data recorded during 2000 Tottori earthquakes in Japan, we were able to detect and locate two times more earthquakes using only a portion (less than 1/3) of seismic stations. Our model picks P and S phases with precision close to manual picks by human analysts; however, its high efficiency and higher sensitivity can result in detecting and characterizing more and smaller events.
Four‐year stability of <i>Der p</i> I in house dust under simulated domestic conditions <i>in vitro</i> (1994)

For almost 4 years, the stability of Der p I was assessed by RAST inhibition in house-dust samples incubated under simulated domestic conditions (5 or 25 degrees C and 75% relative humidity). Der p I concentrations were determined before heating dust samples at 60 degrees C to kill the mites, and at 0, 6, 14, 21, and 47 months after heating. Heating at 60 degrees C for 24 h caused no significant change in Der p I concentration. After a 47-month incubation under simulated domestic conditions, reduction of Der p I was still not obvious. It is concluded that even after extermination of mites, home textiles remain allergen reservoirs for an extended period of time. Avoidance schemes should take this into account.
Mechanisms of single-stranded phosphorothioate modified antisense oligonucleotide accumulation in hepatocytes (2011)

Single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (SSOs) are used to modulate the expression of genes in animal models and are being investigated as potential therapeutics. To better understand why synthetic SSOs accumulate in the same intracellular location as the target RNA, we have isolated a novel mouse hepatocellular SV40 large T-antigen carcinoma cell line, MHT that maintains the ability to efficiently take up SSOs over several years in culture. Sequence-specific antisense effects are demonstrated at low nanomolar concentrations. SSO accumulation into cells is both time and concentration dependent. At least two distinct cellular pathways are responsible for SSO accumulation in cells: a non-productive pathway resulting in accumulation in lysosomes, and a functional uptake pathway in which the SSO gains access to the targeted RNA. We demonstrate that functional uptake, as defined by a sequence-specific reduction in target mRNA, is inhibited by brefeldin A and chloroquine. Functional uptake is blocked by siRNA inhibitors of the adaptor protein AP2M1, but not by clathrin or caveolin. Furthermore, we document that treatment of mice with an AP2M1 siRNA blocks functional uptake into liver tissue. Functional uptake of SSO appears to be mediated by a novel clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytotic process.
Improving the performance of XML based technologies by caching and reusing information (2006)

The growing synergy between Web services and grid-based technologies is enabling profound, dynamic interactions between applications dispersed in geographic, institutional, and conceptual space. Such deep interoperability requires the simplicity, robustness, and extensibility for which XML has been conceived, making it a natural lingua franca for the network. Along with these advantages, there is a degree of inefficiency that may limit the applicability of XML. Firstly, we investigate the limitations of XML for high-performance and high-interactive distributed computing. Our experimental results clearly show that focusing on parsers, that are routinely used to desterilize XML messages exchanged in these system, we can improve the performance of a generic end to end Web services based solution. Secondly we present a new parser, the cache parser, which uses a cache to reduce the parsing time sender and receiver side, by reusing information related to previously parsed documents/messages similar to the one under examination. Finally, we show how our fast parser can improve the global throughput of any application based on Web or grid services, or also JAXP-RPC. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is 25 times faster than the fastest algorithm in the market and, if used in a WS scenario, can dramatically increase the number of requests per second handled by a server (up to 150% of improvement) bringing it close to a system that does not use XML at all
A technique for distributed systems specification (2002)

In this paper we show how an object-oriented specification language is useful for the specification of distributed systems. The main constructors in this language are the objects. An object consists of a state, a behaviour and a set of transition rules between states. The specification is composed of three sections: definition of algebraic data types to represent the domain of object attributes, definition of classes that group objects with common features, and definition of relationships among classes. We show two possible styles for defining the behaviour of objects, on one hand we use a transition system (state oriented) and on the other hand we use an algebraic model of processes description (constraint oriented). We illustrate the paper with the specification of the dining philosophers problem, a typical example in distributed programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates and Low Temperatures (2010)

Overcharge protection for 4 V Li{sub 1.05}Mn{sub 1.95}O{sub 4}/lithium cells at charging rates in excess of 1 mA/cm{sup 2} (3C) and at temperatures as low as -20 C was achieved using a bilayer separator coated with two electroactive polymers. High rate and low temperature overcharge protection and discharge performance were improved by employing a design in which the polymer-coated portion of the separator is in parallel with the cell rather than between the electrodes. The effects of different membrane supports for the electroactive polymers are also examined.
Heavy-tailed prior distributions for sequence count data: removing the noise and preserving large differences (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
All-Optical Signal Processing Using Nonlinear Effects in Silicon Photonic Wire Waveguides (2006)

In silicon photonic wire waveguides, the four-wave mixing effect provides efficient wavelength conversion, with internal conversion efficiency of about -11 dB. The two-photon absorption effect in the waveguides also provides efficient and wideband all-optical amplitude modulation
Surface Roughness Parameters Evaluation in Machining GFRP Composites by PCD Tool using Digital Image Processing (2008)

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites find diverse applications in many fields. Their usage in modern automated manufacturing sector demand high quality components and high finish surfaces. As such the present paper makes a study of the surface roughness of the machined surfaces of GFRP composites at different cutting conditions. The GFRP pipes are turned in lathe using Poly-Crystalline Diamond (PCD) tool. During machining, the machined surface images are captured using a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera. For all the images average grey scale value (Ga) are calculated. The average grey scale values and surface roughness (Ra) values are correlated and a relation is obtained between them. Also a second order quadratic model is developed for predicting surface roughness in machining of GFRP composites. The results indicate that the developed model can be used to predict the surface roughness of machined GFRP composites. The grey scale values obtained are in good correlation with the surface roughness values measured. The effect of cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and fiber orientation angle on surface roughness is studied and found that feed affects surface roughness, followed by cutting speed and fiber orientation angle. Depth of cut is found to have no effect on surface roughness of machined GFRP composites.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with the Kinect sensor (2012)

A very important prerequisite for mobile robots to navigate autonomously is their ability to build a map while exploring unknown areas. In this paper we present an algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping for indoor environments based on the Kinect sensor. The algorithm is capable of building a 3D voxel map including color information and performing localization with scan matching. A great reduction of the run-time has been achieved with the RANSAC-method by choosing a subset of points for scan matching compared to the full set without compromising the precision of the mapping. Conference Topic: 4. Robotics in Service / Mobile Robotics Keywords: autonomous mobile robot, SLAM, Kinect, scan matching, RANSAC
Unlocking the potential of a sleeping giant: lignins as sustainable raw materials for renewable fuels, chemicals and materials (2015)

Editorial article to accompany the <italic>Green Chemistry</italic> themed issue ‘Lignin Chemistry and Valorisation’.
Bis[1,8,15,22-tetrakis(3-pentyloxy)phthalocyaninato]terbium Double-Decker Single-Ion Magnets (2019)

For the purpose of further exploring the effect of nonperipherally attached substituents on single-ion magnet (SIMs) performance, tetrasubstituted bis[1,8,15,22-tetrakis(3-pentyloxy)phthalocyaninato]terbium double-deckers, in both the reduced form TbH[Pc(α-OC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (1) and the neutral form Tb[Pc(α-OC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (2), were prepared. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 2 unambiguously demonstrates the pinwheellike molecular structure with C<sub>4</sub> symmetry. Magnetic investigations of the two bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium double-deckers reveal their characteristic SIM nature. 2 exhibits SIM performance superior to that of 1, as revealed by the larger energy barrier of 466 K for the former species and 431 K for the latter species due to the presence of organic radical-f (radical-Tb) interactions. The enhanced SIM performance of 2 in comparison to 1 actually stems from the presence of radical-f interactions and an enhanced ligand field strength. The latter positive factor is indicated by the electrostatic potential around the terbium ion on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Heat transport from a chip (1990)

The heat transport from a chip due to conduction and interphase heat transfer from the chip to the surrounding air are investigated. Experiments with thin diaphragms of silicon nitride, which can be heated by a thin-film resistor, were performed. The heat losses of the devices were measured in vacuum and in air. The influence of temperature, geometry, and heat sinks was investigated. Heat transfer is described by the transfer coefficient, which is a function of the temperature and the size of the chip. The calculated heat losses are in good agreement with the experimental values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spatio-temporal factorization of log data for understanding network events (2014)

Understanding the impacts and patterns of network events such as link flaps or hardware errors is crucial for diagnosing network anomalies. In large production networks, analyzing the log messages that record network events has become a challenging task due to the following two reasons. First, the log messages are composed of unstructured text messages generated by vendor-specific rules. Second, network equipment such as routers, switches, and RADIUS severs generate various log messages induced by network events that span across several geographical locations, network layers, protocols, and services. In this paper, we have tackled these obstacles by building two novel techniques: statistical template extraction (STE) and log tensor factorization (LTF). STE leverages a statistical clustering technique to automatically extract primary templates from unstructured log messages. LTF aims to build a statistical model that captures spatial-temporal patterns of log messages. Such spatial-temporal patterns provide useful insights into understanding the impacts and root cause of hidden network events. This paper first formulates our problem in a mathematical way. We then validate our techniques using massive amount of network log messages collected from a large operating network. We also demonstrate several case studies that validate the usefulness of our technique.
Comparison Between Three- and Four-coil Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Resonant Coils (2021)

In this paper, it is demonstrated that the efficiency and ability to transfer power to the load in three-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are always higher than in equivalent fourcoil ones. On the other hand, it is shown that there are features attainable in four-coil WPT system that are not in three-coil ones. For instance, in a four-coil WPT system, which can be divided into source, two communication, and load circuits, it is possible to devise a method for which the maximum power transferred to the load circuit or the maximum efficiency do not depend on the mutual inductance between the two communication coils, independently of the load resistance value. The necessary conditions to achieve the above feature together with the overall circuit analysis are discussed in details and practical results presented.
Screening and isolation of halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolyses from Howz Soltan Lake, Iran (2008)

Screening of bacteria from different areas of Howz Soltan playa, a hypersaline lake in the central desert zone of Iran, led to the isolation of 231 moderately halophilic bacteria, which were able to grow optimally in media with 5-15% of salt, and 49 extremely halophilic microorganisms that required 20-25% of salt for optimal growth. These isolates produced a great variety of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. A total of 195, 177, 100, 95, 92, 68, 65, 33, and 28 strains produced lipases, amylases, proteases, inulinases, xylanases, cellulases, pullulanases, DNases, and pectinases, respectively. In comparison with gram-negative bacteria, the gram-positive halophilic rods, showed more hydrolytic activities. Several combined activities were showed by some of these isolates. One strain presented 9 hydrolytic activities, 4 strains presented 8 hydrolytic activities, 10 strains presented 7 hydrolytic activities and 29 strains presented 6 hydrolytic activities. No halophilic isolate without hydrolytic activity has been found in this study. According to their phenotypic characteristics and comparative partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the halophilic strains were identified as members of the genera: Salicola, Halovibrio, Halomonas, Oceanobacillus, Thalassobacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Gracilibacillus, Salinicoccus, and Piscibacillus. Most lipase and DNase producers were members of the genera Gracilibacillus and Halomonas, respectively, whereas most of the isolates able to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulose (CMCase) and inulinase, belonged to gram-positive genera, like Gracilibacillus, Thalassobacillus, Virgibacillus, and Halobacillus.
One-pot Detection of COVID-19 with Real-time Reverse-transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay and Visual RT-LAMP Assay (2020)

Abstract Background Rapid and reliable diagnostic assays were critical for prevention and control of the coronavirus pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Objective This study was to establish one-pot real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay and one-pot visual RT-LAMP assay for the detection of COVID-19. Methods Six specific LAMP primers targeting the N gene of COVID-19 were designed, the RT-LAMP reaction system was optimized with plasmid pUC57 containing N gene sequence, the detection limit was determined with a serial dilution of the plasmid pUC57 containing N gene sequence, and the one-pot real-time RT-LAMP assay and one-pot visual RT-LAMP assay for the detection of COVID-19 were established. Results Our results showed that the one-pot RT-LAMP assays can detect COVID-19 with a limit of ≥ 6 copies per μ l −1 of pUC57 containing N gene sequence. Conclusion This study provides rapid, reliable and sensitive tools for facilitating preliminary and cost-effective prevention and control of COVID-19.
A dose of 75 μg/kg/d of i.v. anti‐D increases the platelet count more rapidly and for a longer period of time than 50 μg/kg/d in adults with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (2001)

Treatment with 75 microg/kg/d intravenous (i.v.) anti-D was compared with 50 microg/kg/d in a prospective randomized study of 27 RhD-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative, adult, acute, non-splenectomized patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and platelet counts < or = 30 x 109/l. The higher dose resulted in greater median d 1 (43 x 109/l vs. 7.5 x 109/l; P = 0.012) and d 7 (153 x 109/l vs. 64.5 x 109/l; P = 0.001) platelet increases despite no greater haemoglobin decrease. Children with acute ITP receiving 75 microg/kg/d had overnight platelet increases in seven out of nine cases. The duration of effect at the 75 microg/kg/d dose was 46 d vs. 21 d (P = 0.03). Adverse events were mild to moderate and ameliorated with prednisone and acetaminophen premedication.
Alias subtraction more efficient than conventional zero‐padding in the Fourier‐based calculation of the susceptibility induced perturbation of the magnetic field in MR (2012)

Forward calculation of the susceptibility induced field shift by Fourier-based procedures requires spatial zero-padding to prevent aliasing artifacts (periodic wrap-around). Padding with a factor of two gives accurate results, however, halves the maximal attainable resolution, and slows down the calculation, which may hamper the feasibility of real-time calculations. Herein is proposed to first perform the calculation at the original resolution--allowing aliasing-and to remove aliasing with an additional convolution in a lower resolution, to alleviate these restrictions regarding memory size and calculation speed, a procedure we termed "virtual" zero-padding. Virtual zero-padding was numerically and experimentally tested and validated with conventional zero-padding and the analytical solution (in the case of spheres) on several phantoms. A demonstration of the increased efficiency is given by implementing virtual zero-padding in a dynamic calculation procedure. The improved efficiency is expected to be relevant regarding the ongoing increase in spatial and temporal resolution in ultra-high-field MRI. Procedures are presented for circular convolution using the discrete Green's function and k-space filtering using the continuous Green's function.
Nintedanib in NSCLC: evidence to date and place in therapy (2016)

The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently driven by the detection of targetable oncogenic drivers, i.e. epidermal growth factor receptor, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase, etc. Those patients who are wildtype for known and valuable oncogenes can receive standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment, with the possibility of adding bevacizumab. With regard to second-line treatment, nintedanib can improve the efficacy of docetaxel. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting three angiogenesis-related transmembrane receptors. The usefulness of nintedanib as an anticancer agent for NSCLC has been proved by both preclinical and clinical phase I and II trials; however, its approval for the use in clinical practice has been possible because of the positive results of the LUME-Lung 1 trial (nintedanib + docetaxel versus docetaxel alone) in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival, and a manageable tolerability profile. Therefore, the good results seen in the clinical trials with nintedanib in the second-line setting for NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma subtype are encouraging enough to recommend it in clinical practice.
Paliperidone palmitate - review of the efficacy, safety and cost of a new second-generation depot antipsychotic medication (2009)

Paliperidone palmitate is efficacious for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and is reasonably well tolerated. It offers several advantages over other available second-generation depot antipsychotics: it comes in prefilled syringes in a number of different dosage strengths; it does not require refrigeration; it does not require supplementation with oral antipsychotics; it can be administered once monthly; it can be administered with a very small bore needle; the injection volume is small; the injection site can be either the deltoid or gluteal muscles; it does not require an additional precautionary observation period after the injection. For patients for whom oral risperidone or paliperidone is otherwise effective, paliperidone palmitate offers a guaranteed delivery system that enhances adherence. However, the high acquisition cost of paliperidone palmitate will likely be an important obstacle to its routine use.