gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in dorsoventral but not rostrocaudal regionalization of the chick neural tube in the absence of cranial notochord, as revealed by expression of <i>Engrailed</i>‐2 (1992)

Notochord has been implicated in previous studies in both the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal patterning of the developing neural tube. This possibility has been further explored by analyzing the expression of Engrailed-2 in chick embryos developing with cranial notochord defects. Control embryos containing intact notochords expressed Engrailed-2 protein within the neural tube and in a subset of the neural crest and overlying surface ectoderm at the future mesencephalon and cranial metencephalon levels. Within the neural tube, expression was confined to cell nuclei in the roof plate and lateral walls; floor plate nuclei directly overlying the notochord typically failed to show expression. After surgical removal of Hensen's node, the source of notochord precursor cells, embryos were cultured through neurulation and assayed for expression of Engrailed-2 protein. All embryos that partially or completely lacked cranial notochord expressed Engrailed-2 in a pattern similar to that of control embryos containing intact notochords, except that when notochord and floor plate were absent, Engrailed-2 was also expressed in the most ventral part of the neural tube. These results indicate that 1) Engrailed-2 expression is suppressed in the most ventral neural tube owing to induction of the floor plate by the notochord, and 2) that the presence of an underlying notochord is not required for correct rostrocaudal expression, suggesting that multiple pathways act in the patterning of the rudiment of the central nervous system.
Acute phase response in exercise. III. Neutrophil and IL-1 beta accumulation in skeletal muscle (1993)

Nine untrained men (22-29 yr) performed 45 min of downhill running (16% incline, 70% of maximum heart rate). Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before, 45 min after, and 5 days after exercise. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle cross sections revealed a 135% increase in muscle interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) immediately after and a 250% increase (P < 0.03) 5 days after exercise. Using a rating scale (0-3) for the presence of neutrophils, light microscopic examination showed a significant accumulation of neutrophils in muscle biopsies taken 45 min after and 5 days after exercise [before: 0.5 +/- 0.2, 45 min after: 1.5 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.01), and 5 days after: 1.2 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.04)]. In addition, electron microscopic analysis showed an increase in the percentage of damaged Z-bands relative to total Z-bands [before: 4.8 +/- 3.5%, 45 min after: 32.5 +/- 8.6% (P < 0.05), and 5 days after: 14.1 +/- 3.2%]. Neutrophil accumulation was positively correlated to intracellular Z-band damage (rho = 0.66, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining for IL-1 beta was related to neutrophil accumulation in muscle (rho = 0.38, P < 0.06) and to plasma creatine kinase levels (rho = 0.416, P < 0.04). These data indicate that after eccentric exercise ultrastructural damage to skeletal muscle is associated with neutrophil infiltration and muscle IL-1 beta accumulation.
Studies of human uveal melanocytes in vitro: isolation, purification and cultivation of human uveal melanocytes. (1993)

A method for isolation and cultivation of UM has been developed that yields satisfactory results. Cultured UM may be useful in in vitro studies of UM physiology and may allow development of in vitro models of the pathogenesis of uveal malignant melanoma.
Decay of the Diocotron Rotation and Transport in a New Low-Density Asymmetry-Dominated Regime (2002)

The decay of the diocotron rotation was studied in a new regime in which trap asymmetries dominate. Decay within a few diocotron periods was observed, sometimes orders of magnitude faster than predicted by the traditional "rotational pumping" theory. The decay does not conserve angular momentum, and is strongest for small, low-density columns. The new regime appears when "magnetron-like" rotation from the end confinement fields becomes dominant, and appears to be associated with errors in these fields. Transition to decay dominated by rotational pumping was observed for larger and denser columns. The asymmetry-dominated transport was also studied, and found to depend linearly on the line density (and not the density) over nearly 4 orders of magnitude.
The Spin Menu: A Menu System for Virtual Environments (2006)

In this paper we propose an extension of the well-known circular menu paradigm, in virtual environments. We propose a menu where items are arranged on a portion of a circle and controlled by rotating the wrist in the horizontal plane. Experience shows that this manipulation is easy to carry out even for novice users, and precision is high thanks to an innovative filtering technique we called the reduced hotspot. The limitation of the number of items in the menu is solved using hierarchy and an adequate layout is proposed, the stacked rings. All hypothesis are validated by user tests.
Blood—Brain Barrier Glucose Transporter (1999)

The transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mediated by the high molecular mass (55-kDa) isoform of the GLUT1 glucose transporter protein. In this study we have utilized the tritiated, impermeant photolabel 2-N-[4-(1 -azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)[2-3H]propyl]-1,3-bis(D-mannose-4-ylo xy)-2-propylamine to develop a technique to specifically measure the concentration of GLUT1 glucose transporters on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells of the BBB. We have combined this methodology with measurements of BBB glucose transport and immunoblot analysis of isolated brain microvessels for labeled luminal GLUT1 and total GLUT1 to reevaluate the effects of chronic hypoglycemia and diabetic hyperglycemia on transendothelial glucose transport in the rat. Hypoglycemia was induced with continuous-release insulin pellets (6 U/day) for a 12- to 14-day duration; diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.p.) for a 14- to 21-day duration. Hypoglycemia resulted in 25-45% increases in regional BBB permeability-surface area (PA) values for D-[14C]glucose uptake, when measured at identical glucose concentration using the in situ brain perfusion technique. Similarly, there was a 23+/-4% increase in total GLUT1/mg of microvessel protein and a 52+/-13% increase in luminal GLUT1 in hypoglycemic animals, suggesting that both increased GLUT1 synthesis and a redistribution to favor luminal transporters account for the enhanced uptake. A corresponding (twofold) increase in cortical GLUT1 mRNA was observed by in situ hybridization. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in regional brain glucose uptake PA, total microvessel 55-kDa GLUT1, or luminal GLUT1 concentrations in hyperglycemic rats. There was, however, a 30-40% increase in total cortical GLUT1 mRNA expression, with a 96% increase in the microvessels. Neither condition altered the levels of GLUT3 mRNA or protein expression. These results show that hypoglycemia, but not hyperglycemia, alters glucose transport activity at the BBB and that these changes in transport activity result from both an overall increase in total BBB GLUT1 and an increased transporter concentration at the luminal surface.
A Highly Sensitive Telomerase Activity Assay that Eliminates False-Negative Results Caused by PCR Inhibitors (2013)

An assay for telomerase activity based on asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR) on magnetic beads (MBs) and subsequent application of cycling probe technology (CPT) is described. In this assay, the telomerase reaction products are immobilized on MBs, which are then washed to remove PCR inhibitors that are commonly found in clinical samples. The guanine-rich sequences (5'-(TTAGGG)n-3') of the telomerase reaction products are then preferentially amplified by A-PCR, and the amplified products are subsequently detected via CPT, where a probe RNA with a fluorophore at the 5' end and a quencher at the 3' end is hydrolyzed by RNase H in the presence of the target DNA. The catalyst-mediated cleavage of the probe RNA enhances fluorescence from the 5' end of the probe. The assay allowed us to successfully detect HeLa cells selectively over normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Importantly, this selectivity produced identical results with regard to detection of HeLa cells in the absence and presence of excess NHDF cells; therefore, this assay can be used for practical clinical applications. The lower limit of detection for HeLa cells was 50 cells, which is lower than that achieved with a conventional telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Our assay also eliminated false-negative results caused by PCR inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that this assay is appropriate for screening among G-quadruplex ligands to find those that inhibit telomerase activity.
Removing exponential backoff from TCP (2008)

The well-accepted wisdom is that TCP's exponential backoff mechanism, introduced by Jacobson 20 years ago, is essential for preserving the stability of the Internet. In this paper, we show that removing exponential backoff from TCP altogether can be done without inducing any stability side-effects. We introduce the implicit packet conservation principle and show that as long as the endpoints uphold this principle, they can only improve their end-to-end performance relative to the exponential backoff case. By conducting large-scale simulations, modeling, and network experiments in Emulab and the Internet using a kernel-level FreeBSD TCP implementation, realistic traffic distributions, and complex network topologies, we demonstrate that TCP's binary exponential backoff mechanism can be safely removed. Moreover, we show that insuitability of TCP's exponential backoff is fundamental, i.e., independent from the currently-dominant Internet traffic properties or bottleneck capacities. Surprisingly, our results indicate that a path to incrementally deploying the change does exist.
Electrochemical Model Parameter Identification of Lithium-Ion Battery with Temperature and Current Dependence (2019)

Battery modelling and state estimation are crucial for lithium-ion batteries applied in electrical vehicles (EVs). In this work, a simplified electrode-average electrochemical model of a lithium-ion battery that adopts a polynomial approximation and a three-variable method to reduce the order of the solid and electrolyte phase diffusion equations is designed. A novel parameter identification method considering temperature and current is also proposed to reduce the parameter deviation caused by different working conditions. The model parameters are identified by the genetic algorithm (GA) offline at different temperatures and currents to create lookup tables for online estimation. Furthermore, 3.5 Ah NCM 18650-type cells are chosen to validate the simplified model and the proposed estimation method. The results indicate that the proposed scheme is accurate, simple and flexible for current and temperature changes under different operation conditions.
Dynamic Approach for Data Scrubbing Process (2010)

Abstract—It is very difficult to over-emphasize the benefits of accurate data. Errors in data are generally the most expensive aspect of data entry, costing the users even much more compared to the original data entry. Unfortunately, these costs are intangibles or difficult to measure. If errors are detected at an early stage then it requires little cost to remove the errors. Incorrect and misleading data lead to all sorts of unpleasant and unnecessary expenses. Unluckily, it would be very expensive to correct the errors after the data has been processed, particularly when the processed data has been converted into the knowledge for decision making. No doubt a stitch in time saves nine i.e. a timely effort will prevent more work at later stage. Moreover, time spent in processing errors can also have a significant cost. One of the major problems with automated data entry systems are errors. In this paper we discuss many well known techniques to minimize errors, different cleansing approaches and, suggest how we can improve accuracy rate. Framework available for data cleansing offer the fundamental services such as attribute selection, formation of tokens, selection of clustering algorithms, selection of eliminator functions etc.
First Application of Ozone Postharvest Fumigation to Remove Smoke Taint from Grapes (2020)

Smoke taint is becoming a worldwide problem for wine production because of the increasing number of fires in wine regions. It is the result of volatile phenols released by fire smoke which bind to berry sugars, translocate mainly through bunch stem and/or through berry skin. The techniques used to remove smoke taint from wine can modify wine quality provided that smoke taint is completely removed from the wine. We report the first data on the ozone fumigation of harvested grape which was affected by the smoke taint. The experiments were run on table grapes in the laboratory. The grape bunches were smoked by straw fire for 2 hours and then ozone fumigated for 4 hours in a cold room at 10 °C. At a nonformal sensory evaluation, the smoke taint which was strong on smoked grapes, was not perceived after the ozone treatment, and the main volatile phenols (guaiacol and 4-methylguaiacol) of the smoke taint were reduced significantly; the skin color slightly darkened in the berries affected by smoke while skin firmness increased; ozone did not recover these effects. Application of NIR-AOTF (Near InfraRed-Acoustic-Optic Tunable Filter) and E-nose (electronic nose) on smoked grapes emphasizes the role of temperature but overall discovers the usefulness of the E-nose in the early detection of smoke taint.
Heterodyne and nonheterodyne laser transceivers (1986)

The fundamental characteristics of heterodyne and nonheterodyne imaging laser radars are presented in terms of information content, structual complexity, and sensitivity limits. The sensitivity characteristics of heterodyne and nonheterodyne laser receivers are quantitatively compared. When feedback amplification or low-noise multiplication gain is available in the receivers, the direct detection of laser signals can approach or even surpass the sensitivity or coherent detection. The concept of ‘‘self-homodyne’’ is introduced and its potential application to laser radar measurements is addressed.
Alpha-, Beta-, and Gamma-synuclein Quantification in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Reveals Increased Concentrations in Alzheimer′s and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease but No Alteration in Synucleinopathies (2016)

α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a major constituent of proteinaceous aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and a potential biomarker candidate for diagnosis and treatment effects. However, studies about αSyn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diseases are inconsistent and mainly based on immunological assays. Quantitative information about β-synuclein (βSyn) and γ-synuclein (γSyn) in CSF is not available.Here, we present an alternative method for the simultaneous quantification of αSyn, βSyn and γSyn in CSF by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a high sequence coverage (70%) of αSyn to validate previous, ELISA-based results and characterize synucleins in CSF in more detail.The MRM has high sensitivity in the low pg/ml range (3-30pg/ml full-length αSyn) using 200 μl CSF. A high portion of CSF αSyn is present in the N-terminally acetylated form and the concentration of unmodified peptides in the nonamyloid component region is about 40% lower than in the N-terminal region. Synuclein concentrations show a high correlation with each other in CSF (r>0.80) and in contrast to αSyn and γSyn, βSyn is not affected by blood contamination. CSF αSyn, βSyn and γSyn concentrations were increased in Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease but not altered in PD, PD dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. The ratio βSyn/αSyn was increased in PDD (1.49 ± 0.38, p < 0.05) compared with PD (1.11 ± 0.26) and controls (1.15 ± 0.28). βSyn shows a high correlation with CSF tau concentrations (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, n = 125).In conclusion, we could not confirm previous observations of reduced αSyn in PD and our results indicate that CSF synuclein concentrations are rather general markers of synaptic degeneration than specific for synucleinopathies. βsyn is an attractive biomarker candidate that might be used as an alternative to or in combination with tau in AD and CJD diagnosis and in combination with αSyn it is a biomarker candidate for PDD.
Understanding emerging treatment paradigms in rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will continue to evolve as new drugs are developed, as new data become available, and as our potential to achieve greater and more consistent outcomes becomes more routine. Many patients will find both symptom relief and modest control of their disease with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), yet this course of therapy is clearly not effective in all patients. In fact, despite strong evidence that intensive treatment in the early stages of RA can slow or stop disease progression and may prevent disability, many patients continue to be managed in a stepwise manner and are treated with an ongoing monotherapy regimen with DMARDs. There is now a large body of evidence demonstrating the success of treating RA patients with anti-TNF therapy, usually in combination with methotrexate. As a result of the increased use of anti-TNF therapy, treatment paradigms have changed - and our practice is beginning to reflect this change. In the present review, we summarize the salient points of several recently proposed and emerging treatment paradigms with an emphasis on how these strategies may impact future practice.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. Correlation with histologic subtype and degree of differentiation (1986)

Microscopic review of 490 consecutive human breast biopsy and mastectomy specimens were correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor content of the tissue, by subtype and degree of differentiation. Of the 4 grades of differentiation, the less differentiated Grade III and IV tumors showed significantly lower levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors in infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma (P less than 0.001). In contrast, patients with medullary carcinoma had the lowest tissue levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors with approximately 80% of the cases with less than 10 fmol/mg protein. Patients with mucinous carcinoma had the highest percentages of positive estrogen and progesterone receptor levels (75% and 87%, respectively). Sixty-three percent of the patients with Grade IV infiltrating ductal carcinoma were younger than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Patients younger than 53 years of age with Grade II and III infiltrating ductal carcinoma also had significantly lower levels of estrogen receptors, but not of progesterone receptors, than those patients older than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Nineteen of 20 "normal" breast tissue specimens were negative (less than 3 fmol/mg protein) for estrogen and progesterone receptors. About 50% of 17 tissue specimens from benign breast lesions (fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, sclerosing adenosis) showed positive estrogen (greater than 10 fmol/mg protein) or progesterone receptor values. In two patients with gynecomastia, no estrogen or progesterone receptors were detectable.
Fast Image Retrieval System Using Representative Images (2013)

Image retrieval is common behavior due to the dramatically increasing of image contents. From the point of view of service provider, image retrieval service is considered as a second option because if image database size is getting larger, then it seems to have to purchase a new machine. To solve this problem many reasonable solutions had been proposed. Typical solution is clustering to reduce the search space. In this paper, we suggest another approach using representative images which are similar to cluster heads. We experiment our approach with 1.6 million images using MPEG-7 color structure descriptor which is one of the most powerful descriptor to retrieval the relevant color images. Finally we show that our approach is at least 85% similar to exhaustive search results in top 10,000 while supporting response time is less than 0.2 s. And we expect that our approach may solve the scalability regardless of image database size.
Privacy-Preserving Data Mining Systems (2007)

Although successful in many applications, data mining poses special concerns for private data. An integrated architecture takes a systemic view of the problem, implementing established protocols for data collection, inference control, and information sharing. Our goal in investigating privacy preservation issues was to take a systemic view of architectural requirements and design principles and explore possible solutions that would lead to guidelines for building practical privacy-preserving data mining systems
SP-142: Fiber Reinforced Concrete Developments and Innovations (1994)

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Density Functional Theory in Transition-Metal Chemistry: A Self-Consistent Hubbard<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:math>Approach (2006)

Transition-metal centers are the active sites for a broad variety of biological and inorganic chemical reactions. Notwithstanding this central importance, density-functional theory calculations based on generalized-gradient approximations often fail to describe energetics, multiplet structures, reaction barriers, and geometries around the active sites. We suggest here an alternative approach, derived from the Hubbard U correction to solid-state problems, that provides an excellent agreement with correlated-electron quantum chemistry calculations in test cases that range from the ground state of Fe2 and Fe2- to the addition elimination of molecular hydrogen on FeO+. The Hubbard U is determined with a novel self-consistent procedure based on a linear-response approach.
Tunable resonant light propagation through 90° bend waveguide based on strained photonic crystal (2004)

The degenerate state in two-dimensional photonic crystal is studied. The photonic analogue of the static Jahn–Teller effect is utilized for realizing tunable propagation through photonic crystal waveguide bends. It is shown that the resonant coupling of the photon modes at the corner can be tuned by the symmetry and magnitude of the distortion of the lattice.
Low temperature atomic layer deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films and associated semiconducting properties (2012)

Semiconducting Al-doped ZnO films were deposited by atomic layer deposition at low deposition temperatures of less than 100 °C and used to fabricate transistors. At deposition temperatures of less than 100 °C, the carrier concentrations of the Al:ZnO thin films were below 1018 cm−3, which corresponds to the transparent semiconducting oxide region. The reduced carrier concentrations at low deposition temperatures were attributed to the activation energy for carrier generation of ∼0.7 eV. The devices characteristics of the semiconducting Al:ZnO consisted of mobilities of 1.95 cm2/V s and on–off ratios of over 106. At a positive gate stress of less than 10 V, the Vth shift of the Al:ZnO after 3000 s was ∼3 V, which is almost 1 order of magnitude lower than that of ZnO thin-film transistors.