gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective down-regulation of progesterone receptor isoform B in poorly differentiated human endometrial cancer cells: implications for unopposed estrogen action. (1998)

The uterine endometrium responds to unopposed estrogen stimulation with rapid cell proliferation. Progesterone protects the endometrium against the hyperplastic effects of estradiol (E2) through progesterone receptors (PRs), of which two isoforms are expressed: human (h) PRA and PRB. hPRB has a longer NH2 terminus and may function differently from hPRA. Thus, the relative expression of hPRA:hPRB is likely to be important for the action of progesterone. We hypothesized that the hPRA:hPRB ratios may be abnormal in endometrial cancer, leading to a lack of normal progesterone protection against the growth-promoting effects of E2. To test this hypothesis, well-differentiated Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were compared to poorly differentiated Hec50 and KLE cells. Reverse transcription-PCR was chosen as a sensitive method to detect transcripts for the two forms of PR. The relative expression of PR isoforms under hormonal stimulation was determined by Western blotting. Transient transfections of hPRA and hPRB into endometrial cells allowed the evaluation of the transcriptional activity of each isoform independently on reporter gene transcription under the control of a simple progesterone response element-containing promoter. The effect of coexpressing the estrogen receptor on PR expression was also studied. Ishikawa cells (well-differentiated) express both hPRA and hPRB. Both isoforms, but predominantly hPRB, are up-regulated by E2 and not by tamoxifen or the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Hec50 and KLE cells (poorly differentiated) express only hPRA. No hPRB is present in the poorly differentiated cells, and it is not induced by estrogen receptor expression and/or estrogen treatment. In all cells, hPRB expression, whether endogenous or produced as a result of transfection, acts as a stronger transcription factor than hPRA on a simple progesterone-dependent promoter. We speculate that down-regulation of hPRB may predict for poorly differentiated endometrial cancers that do not respond to progestin therapy.
Aryl fluoride monomers in nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization: evaluation of monomer reactivity by 19F NMR spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAryl fluoride monomers in nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization: evaluation of monomer reactivity by 19F NMR spectroscopyKenneth R. CarterCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 19, 6462–6470Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00123a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00123a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views686Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decade Bandwidth Planar MMIC Balun (2006)

A planar MMIC balun covering 2 to 20 GHz has been demonstrated with better than plusmn1.2 dB amplitude and plusmn9 degrees phase accuracy. This 1.2times1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> circuit is a novel connection of a 2 to 7 GHz spiral coupled line balun, a 6 to 20 GHz coupled line balun, and lumped diplexer filter components with absorbed parasitic elements from the two baluns
Magnetization Switching of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Co</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Pt</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> Multilayered Perpendicular Nanomagnet Assisted by a Microwave Field with Time-Varying Frequency (2018)

Microwave-assisted magnetization switching uses ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) excitation for magnetization reversal in a highly anisotropic magnetic material, for writing in next-generation magnetic recording. Because FMR is a nonlinear phenomenon, the resonance frequency changes with the amplitude of FMR excitation. This study uses a microwave magnetic field with a time-varying frequency that follows the nonlinear shift of the resonance frequency. Compared to a constant-frequency microwave field, the variable-frequency field can induce larger FMR excitation and thus enhance switching. These experiments show how to optimize the use of spin-torque oscillators in advanced data storage.
Expression of depolarization‐induced immediate early gene proteins in PC12 cells (2003)

Immediate early genes induced by depolarization are thought to be important in mediating neuronal functional plasticity. We previously identified a group of immediate early genes that are preferentially induced by depolarization and forskolin but not by nerve growth factor or epidermal growth factor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. These depolarization-induced genes include synaptotagmin 4; the protein kinases KID-1, PIM-1, and SIK; an orphan transcription factor, Nurr-1; and a transcription corepressor, rTLE-3. All these genes are also induced in the hippocampus in response to kainic-acid induced depolarization. To characterize further the unique functions of these genes in plasticity, we used recombinant proteins to generate and purify antibodies against KID-1 and SIK proteins. Immunoblotting experiments were performed to examine the induced expression of the KID-1 and SIK proteins in PC12 cells. PIM-1 and Nurr-1 protein expression was also examined following stimulation, using commercially available antibodies. There is an increase in synthesis, in PC12 cells, of these four IEG proteins after KCl plus forskolin treatment. Nurr-1 protein peaks between 2 and 4 hr and decreases by 6 hr after the treatment. PIM-1 and KID-1 proteins rise by 1 hr, peak between 2 and 4 hr, and return to their basal levels at 6 hr. SIK protein increases significantly at 2 hr after treatment, peaks between 4 and 6 hr, and returns to the basal level at 8 hr. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrate distinct distribution patterns of each of these depolarization-induced IEG proteins in PC12 cells.
High-resolution cry analysis in preterm newborn infants (2008)

Infant monitoring is a common procedure in clinical practice in neonatal critical care units. A number of vital functions are monitored, such as heart beat, breathing, blood flow, etc. Specifically, preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants often present respiratory problems that require monitoring. These may range from insufficient ventilation to apnoea. One of the most common events that may affect the respiratory flow is crying, a physiological action made by the infant to communicate and draw attention, but, for a preterm infant, this action requires great effort, which may cause distress and even may have an adverse impact on blood oxygenation. Acoustic analysis of newborn infant cry is thus of importance, since it is related to other basic neuro-physiological parameters. Being easy to perform, cheap and completely non-invasive, it can be successfully applied in many circumstances. The newborn infant cry is characterised by very high fundamental frequency (F(0)) and resonance frequency (RFs) values, with abrupt changes and voiced/unvoiced features of very short duration in a single utterance. To deal with such signals, a new user-friendly software tool has been developed, that allows robust tracking of main acoustic parameters on very short and time-varying signal frames. The software developed provides the user with a high-resolution picture of the cry signal characteristics.
Targeted ablation of <i>α</i>-crystalIin-synthesizing cells produces lens-deficient eyes in transgenic mice (1989)

Genetic ablation techniques were used to study the role of the lens in mammalian eye development. Ablation was accomplished by microinjecting murine eggs with chimeric DNA constructs in which the alpha A-crystallin gene regulatory sequence (-366 to +46) was fused to the highly cytotoxic diphtheria toxin gene coding sequence. For genetic ablation to be successful the promoter regulating expression should be specific and completely silent in cells necessary for normal mouse development. In this report, we describe the generation and analysis of transgenic mice with this readily discernible phenotype: aphakia or eyes without lens. Of the 109 live-born pups, eight carried the transgene and could be grouped according to the apparent severity of eye malformations. Lines 4, 5 and 6 founder (F0) mice had the most severe phenotype. Histological analysis revealed: marked reduction in eye size, total absence of lens, increased retinal cell density and extensive whorling of the retinal fibre layers. The line 1 F0 mouse displayed a distinct lens opacity and lines 2, 3 and 8 F0 mice were mosaics with a relatively mild, but most unusual phenotype. Their eyes contained a small, highly vacuolated lens. The progeny of these mosaics that inherited the transgene, however, again exhibited the severe phenotype. The aberrant structures of the eyes in which complete genetic ablation of the lens has been achieved suggest that the lens plays a pivotal role in the development of multiple components of the murine eye.
Paeoniflorin inhibits nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-9 in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration (2015)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of internal disc disruption (IDD); therefore, the inhibition of apoptosis may offer a novel approach for treating IDD diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of paeoniflorin through the detection of relevant indicators in a rabbit model of IDD. In total, 144 rabbits were used in the study and divided into four groups (n=36 per group). Rabbits successfully modeled with IDD received an intragastric injection of 120 mg/kg·day paeoniflorin (high-dose group), 30 mg/kg·day paeoniflorin (low-dose group) or saline (model saline group), while rabbits without IDD were used as a normal control group. The apoptosis rate of disc nucleus pulposus cells was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 in the disc tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis prior to and following the treatment. The results indicated that the expression levels of Bax in the low- and high-dose paeoniflorin groups were significantly reduced, while the Bcl-2 expression levels were significantly increased when compared with the model saline group (P<0.01). In addition, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were reduced in the low- and high-dose paeoniflorin groups, as compared with the model saline group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the average apoptotic index of the high- and low-dose paeoniflorin groups was decreased when compared with the model saline group (P<0.05). In conclusion, paeoniflorin was demonstrated to inhibit the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 through the regulation of Bcl-2 family protein expression. These results provide an experimental basis for the future treatment of IDD with paeoniflorin.
Exciting New Uses of Botulinum Toxin Type A: Dermatology/Dermatologic Surgery and Beyond (2017)

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for the treatment of glabellar rhytides, strabismus, primary axillary hyperhidrosis, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia in adults, and, most recently, chronic migraine, overactive bladder, upper/lower limb spasticity, and crow's feet. Small studies and case reports in the literature have demonstrated positive results using BoNTA for the treatment of challenging painful and pruritic conditions, dyshidrotic eczema, inverse psoriasis, Hailey-Hailey and Darier's disease, facial flushing, ischemic digits, parotid duct injury, and more. Patients with painful disorders in areas of medicine outside of dermatology have been treated with BoNTA. Recent studies have shown promise for the treatment of arthritic joint pain. BoNTA is also approved to treat primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis has been shown to exacerbate several dermatologic conditions.
Carrier-Phase Differential Global Positioning System Navigation Filter for High-Altitude Spacecraft (2008)

A new navigation Kalman filter has been developed which uses carrier-phase differential Global Positioning System techniques in a framework that includes integer ambiguities to estimate the relative states of high-altitude, formation-flying spacecraft. This model-based approach to relative navigation allows spacecraft formations to use carrier-phase techniques above the Global Positioning System constellation. The filter uses dynamics models for the spacecraft orbits, receiver clocks, ionospheric total electron content, and Global Positioning System satellite residual position and clock errors. The process noise driving the orbital dynamics is separated into a common-mode part and lower intensity differential-mode part to better model how disturbances influence formations. The ionospheric total electron content model contains information that allows the filter to decide when to use the dual-frequency measurements to correct for the ionosphere and when to use them to aid in integer ambiguity resolution. The filter tracks undifferenced carrier-phase ambiguities, but still resolves the double-differenced integer ambiguities for use in the relative navigation solution. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the filter's performance. In geostationary scenarios, the filter's mean relative position error magnitude is 1.2 cm, and its maximum error magnitude is 6 cm. In high-Earth-orbit scenarios at an apogee distance of 18 Earth radii, the filter's mean error magnitude is 11 cm, and its maximum error magnitude is 54 cm. The correct integer ambiguities are resolved in one or two 30 s measurement steps in most cases.
Film-edge-induced dislocation generation in silicon substrates. II. Application of the theoretical model for local oxidation processes on (001) silicon substrates (1987)

A theoretical model which allows prediction of the type and of the equilibrium configuration of dislocations generated or captured in fcc substrates at the edges of thin films is applied to local oxidation processes on (001) Czochralski silicon substrates. Nitride film structures aligned along the two most interesting crystallographic directions on the (001) surface, i.e., the 〈110〉 and the 〈100〉 directions, are studied by high-voltage electron microscopy. The model allows to explain the observed dislocation types including most of the previous reports in the literature. Some numerical examples are given which illustrate the strength of the model to obtain even quantitative information both on the film stresses and on the critical glide force from the observed equilibrium configuration of the defects. Good agreement is obtained between the observed shape and position of the defects and computer simulations based on the model.
Stabilization of low-level mixed waste in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (1994)

Mixed waste streams, which contain both chemical and radioactive wastes, are one of the important categories of DOE waste streams needing stabilization for final disposal. Recent studies have shown that chemically bonded phosphate ceramics may have the potential for stabilizing these waste streams, particularly those containing volatiles and pyrophorics. Such waste streams cannot be stabilized by conventional thermal treatment methods such as vitrification. Phosphate ceramics may be fabricated at room temperature into durable, hard and dense materials. For this reason room-temperature-setting phosphate ceramic waste forms are being developed to stabilize these to ``problem waste streams.``
Suppressing and enhancing band gaps with glide-symmetric surfaces (2017)

We show how ultra-large-band operation can be obtained for both wave propagating (lenses, filters) and attenuating (bandgap materials) along metasurfaces. This is achieved by realizing the metasurfaces with glide-symmetric unit cells, invariant with respect to a translation and a mirror reflection. This requires two metasurfaces made with the same periodic lattice, off-shifted of a half a period along the directions of periodicity. This symmetry condition leads to the suppression of the closed stop-band at the X point of the Brillouin diagram, while it can maximize the width of the stopband at the Γ point. On one hand, the waves propagating between the surfaces can thus see a constant equivalent refractive index over a ultra wideband, which is useful to realize planar artificial lenses. On the other hand, the wide stopband can be employed for wideband bandgap providing strong attenuation, useful to block and guide waves in integrated circuits. The geometries under analysis will be described, and simulated and measurement results will be shown to validate the study.
Remarks on Discrete-time Variable Structure Control Systems (1996)

In this note we point out that the control law for uncertain systems, which was introduced by W. Gao et al. in [1], does not guarantee existence of a quasi-sliding mode and does not satisfy the so-called reaching condition defined by the authors. We show that an additional inequality must hold in order to satisfy the condition. We also consider the control law presented in the same paper for the nominal system and we show that the region in the state space, within which the system's state remains in the steady-state is evaluated by the authors too conservatively.
Enhancement of Cellulase Production in Trichoderma reesei via Disruption of Multiple Protease Genes Identified by Comparative Secretomics (2019)

The filamentous fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> is one of the most studied cellulolytic organisms and the major producer of cellulases for industrial applications. However, undesired degradation of cellulases often happens in culture filtrates and commercial enzyme preparations. Even studies have been reported about describing proteolytic degradation of heterologous proteins in <i>T. reesei</i>, there are few systematic explorations concerning the extracellular proteases responsible for degradation of cellulases. In this study, the cellulase activity was observed to rapidly decrease at late cultivation stages using corn steep liquor (CSL) as the nitrogen source in <i>T. reesei</i>. It was discovered that this decrease may be caused by proteases. To identify the proteases, comparative secretomics was performed to analyze the concomitant proteases during the cellulase production. 12 candidate proteases from the secretome of <i>T. reesei</i> were identified and their encoding genes were individually deleted via homologous recombination. Furthermore, three target proteases (tre81070, tre120998, and tre123234) were simultaneously deleted by one-step genetic transformation. The triple deletion strain ΔP70 showed a 78% decrease in protease activity and a six-fold increase in cellulase activity at late fermentation stages. These results demonstrated the feasibility of improvement of cellulase production by genetically disrupting the potential protease genes to construct the <i>T. reesei</i> strains with low extracellular protease secretion. This dataset also provides an efficient approach for strain improvement by precise genetic engineering combined with "omics" strategy for high-production of industrial enzymes to reduce the cost of lignocellulose bioconversion.
Inferring dynamic gene networks under varying conditions for transcriptomic network comparison (2010)

The software NETCOMP is available at http://bonsai.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ approximately shima/NETCOMP/.
Increased p53 mutation load in noncancerous colon tissue from ulcerative colitis: a cancer-prone chronic inflammatory disease. (2000)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The p53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in UC-associated dysplastic lesions and CRC. We are exploring the hypothesis that p53 mutations in the nontumorous colonic tissue in noncancerous UC cases indicate genetic damage from exposure to exogenous and endogenous carcinogens and may identify individuals at increased cancer risk. We are reporting, for the first time, the frequency of specific p53 mutated alleles in nontumorous colon tissue from donors either with or without UC by using a highly sensitive genotypic mutation assay. Higher p53 mutation frequencies of both G:C to A:T transitions at the CpG site of codon 248 and C:G to T:A transitions at codon 247 were observed in colon from UC cases when compared with normal adult controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In the UC cases, higher p53 codon 247 and 248 mutation frequencies were observed in the inflamed lesional regions when compared with the nonlesional regions of their colon (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001). The colonic nitric oxide synthase-2 activity was higher in UC cases than in non-UC adult controls (P = 0.02). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher frequency of p53 mutant cells can be generated under oxidative stress in people with UC. The increased frequency of specific p53 mutated alleles in noncancerous UC colon tissue may confer susceptibility to the development of CRC in an inflammatory microenvironment.
Implementation of a portable nested data-parallel language (1993)

This paper gives an overview of the implementation of NESL, a portable nested data-parallel language. This language and its implementation are the first to fully support nested data structures as well as nested data-parallel function calls. These features allow the concise description of parallel algorithms on irregular data, such as sparse matrices and graphs. In addition, they maintain the advantages of data-parallel languages: a simple programming model and portability. The current NESL implementation is based on an intermediate language called VCODE and a library of vector routines called CVL. It runs on the Connection Machine CM-2, the Cray Y-MP C90, and serial machines. We compare initial benchmark results of NESL with those of machine-specific code on these machines for three algorithms: least-squares line-fitting, median finding, and a sparse-matrix vector product. These results show that NESL's performance is competitive with that of machine-specific codes for regular dense data, and is often superior for irregular data.