gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycolonitrile Oligomerization:  Structure of Isolated Oxazolines, Potential Heterocycles on the Early Earth (1997)

A study of glycolonitrile polymerization has led to the isolation and characterization of two 2,5-dihydro-4-aminooxazoles, 4 and 5. Previous reports have misassigned these structures as s-triazines or pyrimidines. X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals of 4 and an acetylated oxazole derivative of 5 (6) confirm the proposed structures. Ab initio computations are used to assess the relative thermodynamic stability of three trimer isomers (an s-triazine, an aminohydroxypyrimidine, and an aminooxazoline), and the results indicate that 4 is a novel kinetic product. Mechanistic considerations rationalize kinetic oxazole formation over the more customary triazine or pyrimidine trimers.
VERÓNICA JIMÉNEZ, JUEZ DE JUDO, EN GRAND SLAM DE RÍO DE JANEIRO (2011)

HACE 15 ANOS, UNA DECISION FEDERATIVA LE ARREBATO A VERONICA AMALIA JIMENEZ ORDAZ LA OPORTUNIDAD DE SER LA PRIMERA JUDOKA MEXICANA EN ACUDIR A UNOS JUEGOS OLIMPICOS, EN ESTE CASO A LA EDICION DE ATLANTA’96.
Phenylselenoethers as Precursors of Acyclic Free Radicals. Creating Tertiary and Quaternary Centers Using Free Radical-Based Intermediates (2006)

In the last two decades, enantioselective and diastereoselective free radical-based processes have started to emerge as viable methods to create stereogenic centers. To this end, chemists have taken advantage of the homolytic carbon-selenium bond cleavage as an efficient way to generate carbon-centered radicals. The reactivity of the radicals generated from β-hydroxy (or alkoxy) α-phenylseleno (or α-halo) esters in hydrogen transfer or allylation reactions will be reviewed. The minimization of the allylic-1,3 strain and the intramolecular dipole-dipole effect in the transition states are at the origin of the diastereoselectivities noted in these reactions (acyclic stereocontrol). The predominance of the anti isomer, in the hydrogen transfer reactions, has been shown to be enhanced by taking advantage of the exocyclic effect. Lewis acids were successfully used to create temporary cycles to the carbon-centered radical in order to induce the latter effect. Reversing the sense of the diastereoselectivity could be efficiently achieved using bidendate Lewis acids through the endocyclic effect. The synthesis of stereogenic quaternary centers using free radical-based allylation is described. The development of tandem reactions combining the Mukaiyama and the hydrogen transfer reactions, with various Lewis acids, led to the synthesis of propionates and polypropionate motifs. The use of novel phenylselenoenoxysilanes in the Mukaiyama reaction is described. Keywords: allylation reactions, carbon-carbon bond, diastereoselectivity, hydrogen transfer reaction, Mukaiyama reaction
Cell-based Tolerogenic Therapy, Experience from Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes and Rheumatoid Arthritis (2017)

Cell-based tolerogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells have been particularly explored in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders in experimental models of disease. Although some of these cells have already been tested in a limited number of clinical trials, there is still a need for preclinical research on tolerogenic cells in animal models of autoimmunity. This review will focus on the relevance of data obtained from studies in experimental animal models for the use of tolerogenic cell-based therapy in humans. Also, perspectives for further improvement of tolerogenic cell preparation towards enhanced suppressive activity and stability of the cells will be discussed.
Microfabrication of X-ray Optics by Metal Assisted Chemical Etching: A Review (2020)

High-aspect-ratio silicon micro- and nanostructures are technologically relevant in several applications, such as microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems, sensors, thermoelectric materials, battery anodes, solar cells, photonic devices, and X-ray optics. Microfabrication is usually achieved by dry-etch with reactive ions and KOH based wet-etch, metal assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) is emerging as a new etching technique that allows huge aspect ratio for feature size in the nanoscale. To date, a specialized review of MacEtch that considers both the fundamentals and X-ray optics applications is missing in the literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary including: (i) fundamental mechanism; (ii) basics and roles to perform uniform etching in direction perpendicular to the <100> Si substrate; (iii) several examples of X-ray optics fabricated by MacEtch such as line gratings, circular gratings array, Fresnel zone plates, and other X-ray lenses; (iv) materials and methods for a full fabrication of absorbing gratings and the application in X-ray grating based interferometry; and (v) future perspectives of X-ray optics fabrication. The review provides researchers and engineers with an extensive and updated understanding of the principles and applications of MacEtch as a new technology for X-ray optics fabrication.
Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking (2009)

Delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) grew out of attempts to develop an interplanetary Internet but has evolved into an active area of networking research, with applications in space networking, military tactical networking, and networking for various challenged communities. The DTN Research Group provides an open forum in which DTN researchers and developers can collaborate to further develop this experimental technology.
The yeast splicing factor Mud13p is a commitment complex component and corresponds to CBP20, the small subunit of the nuclear cap-binding complex. (1996)

The mechanism by which pre-mRNAs are initially recognized by the splicing machinery is not well understood. In the yeast system, commitment complexes are the earliest identified splicing complexes. They contain pre-mRNA, U1 snRNP, and the splicing factor Mud2p and probably correspond to the mammalian E complexes, which contain pre-mRNA, U1 snRNP, and the splicing factor U2AF. To identify other yeast commitment complex components, we have characterized mutant strains that are synthetic lethal with viable U1 snRNA mutations. We report here that MUD13 is a nonessential gene that encodes the yeast homolog of CBP20, the small subunit of the vertebrate nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC). Characterization of splicing in the delta-MUD13 strain and extract indicates that Mud13p is a yeast splicing factor and is the second identified non-snRNP commitment complex component. The observations also suggest that CBC interacts with other commitment complex components as well as with the substrate cap. Taken together with the accompanying results for a mammalian system, our data indicate that cap-binding proteins as well as the pre-mRNA cap contribute to early steps in spliceosome assembly.
Dietary Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli Sprouts Reduce Colonization and Attenuate Gastritis in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Infected Mice and Humans (2009)

The isothiocyanate sulforaphane [SF; 1-isothiocyanato-4(R)-methylsulfinylbutane] is abundant in broccoli sprouts in the form of its glucosinolate precursor (glucoraphanin). SF is powerfully bactericidal against Helicobacter pylori infections, which are strongly associated with the worldwide pandemic of gastric cancer. Oral treatment with SF-rich broccoli sprouts of C57BL/6 female mice infected with H. pylori Sydney strain 1 and maintained on a high-salt (7.5% NaCl) diet reduced gastric bacterial colonization, attenuated mucosal expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, mitigated corpus inflammation, and prevented expression of high salt-induced gastric corpus atrophy. This therapeutic effect was not observed in mice in which the nrf2 gene was deleted, strongly implicating the important role of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins in SF-dependent protection. Forty-eight H. pylori-infected patients were randomly assigned to feeding of broccoli sprouts (70 g/d; containing 420 micromol of SF precursor) for 8 weeks or to consumption of an equal weight of alfalfa sprouts (not containing SF) as placebo. Intervention with broccoli sprouts, but not with placebo, decreased the levels of urease measured by the urea breath test and H. pylori stool antigen (both biomarkers of H. pylori colonization) and serum pepsinogens I and II (biomarkers of gastric inflammation). Values recovered to their original levels 2 months after treatment was discontinued. Daily intake of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts for 2 months reduces H. pylori colonization in mice and improves the sequelae of infection in infected mice and in humans. This treatment seems to enhance chemoprotection of the gastric mucosa against H. pylori-induced oxidative stress.
FMS mutations in myelodysplastic, leukemic, and normal subjects. (1990)

The FMS gene encodes the functional cell surface receptor for colony-stimulating factor 1, the macrophage- and monocyte-specific growth factor. Codons 969 and 301 have been identified as potentially involved in promoting the transforming activity of FMS. Mutations at codon 301 are believed to lead to neoplastic transformation by ligand independence and constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. The tyrosine residue at codon 969 has been shown to be involved in a negative regulatory activity, which is disrupted by amino acid substitutions. This study reports on the frequency of point mutations at these codons, in vivo, in human myeloid malignancies and in normal subjects. We studied 110 patients [67 with myelodysplasia (MDS) and 48 with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)], 5 patients being studied at the MDS and the later AML stage of the disease. There was a total incidence of 12.7% (14/110) with mutations in codon 969 and 1.8% (2/110) with mutations in codon 301. Two patients had mutations in the AML stage of the disease but not in the preceding MDS and one had a mutation in the MDS stage but not upon transformation of AML. This is consistent with the somatic origin of these mutations. FMS mutations were most prevalent (20%) in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and AML type M4 (23%), both of which are characterized by monocytic differentiation. One of 51 normal subjects had a constitutional codon 969 mutation, which may represent a marker for predisposition to myeloid malignancy.
A Stable, Autonomously Replicating Plasmid Vector Containing Pichia pastoris Centromeric DNA (2018)

The methylotrophic yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i> is widely used to produce recombinant proteins, taking advantage of this species' high-density cell growth and strong ability to secrete proteins. Circular plasmids containing the <i>P. pastoris</i>-specific autonomously replicating sequence (<i>PARS1</i>) permit transformation of <i>P. pastoris</i> with higher efficiency than obtained following chromosomal integration by linearized DNA. Unfortunately, however, existing autonomously replicating plasmids are known to be inherently unstable. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data and genome sequence information to independently identify, on each of the four chromosomes, centromeric DNA sequences consisting of long inverted repeat sequences. By examining the chromosome 2 centromeric DNA sequence (<i>Cen2</i>) in detail, we demonstrate that an ∼111-bp region located at one end of the putative centromeric sequence had autonomous replication activity. In addition, the full-length <i>Cen2</i> sequence, which contains two long inverted repeat sequences and a nonrepetitive central core region, is needed for the accurate replication and distribution of plasmids in <i>P. pastoris</i> Thus, we constructed a new, stable, autonomously replicating plasmid vector that harbors the entire <i>Cen2</i> sequence; this episome facilitates genetic manipulation in <i>P. pastoris</i>, providing high transformation efficiency and plasmid stability.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Secretory production of recombinant proteins is the most important application of the methylotrophic yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, a species that permits mass production of heterologous proteins. To date, the genetic engineering of <i>P. pastoris</i> has relied largely on integrative vectors due to the lack of user-friendly tools. Autonomously replicating <i>Pichia</i> plasmids are expected to facilitate genetic manipulation; however, the existing systems, which use autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) such as the <i>P. pastoris</i>-specific ARS (<i>PARS1</i>), are known to be inherently unstable for plasmid replication and distribution. Recently, the centromeric DNA sequences of <i>P. pastoris</i> were identified in back-to-back studies published by several groups; therefore, a new episomal plasmid vector with centromere DNA as a tool for genetic manipulation of <i>P. pastoris</i> is ready to be developed.
Utilisation d'une onde progressive de surface pour tableau graphique de grandes dimensions (1988)

Le développement de la conception assistée et de la communication par ordinateur exige un nouveau type de tablettes graphiques dont les améliorations sont l'augmentation des dimensions tout en conservant une bonne précision et l'obtention d'un crayon libre de toute attache physique avec la tablette. La solution adoptée repose sur le principe de fonctionnement suivant : une onde de surface émise par le crayon pointeur se propage omnidirectionnellement dans le plan de la tablette. Trois récepteurs situés à la périphérie de la tablette captent cette onde. La mesure du déphasage en ces trois points fournit la position du pointeur.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (2018)

Chief financial officers in the business sector are convinced that they should be more involved with the financial and operational data they have available. Over 90 percent say they need to do more with the financial and operations data at hand to help top management make critical decisions. This ability to do more depends heavily on the information technology, both hardware and software, available to them. It is imperative that a thorough investigation of the laws and policies pertaining to the types of data maintained be reviewed. Using the information processing power of the basic financial spreadsheet, in particular, is essential to the organization's financial decision making. Facing complex environments and scarce resources, nonprofits must manage the knowledge resource effectively and efficiently. Before deciding on the type of technology, needs and requirements must be determined. The tool the experts use for seeking out this information is a needs assessment.
Peptide binding by calmodulin and its proteolytic fragments and by troponin C (1984)

Calmodulin and troponin C exhibit calcium-dependent binding of 1 mol/mol of dynorphin. The dissociation constants of the complexes, determined in 0.20 N KC1-1.0 mM CaCI2, pH 7.3, are 0.6 microM for calmodulin, 2.4 microM for rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin C, and 9 microM for bovine heart troponin C. Experiments with deletion peptides of dynorphin show that peptide chain length and especially charge affect the binding of the peptides by calmodulin. Dynorphin, but not mastoparan or melittin, inhibits adenosinetriphosphatase activity in a reconstituted rabbit skeletal muscle actomyosin assay. The inhibition is partially reversed by the addition of calmodulin or troponin C in the presence of calcium. Calmodulin also exhibits calcium-dependent binding of a synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 104-115 of rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin I. Mastoparan is a tetradecapeptide from the vespid wasp having exceptional affinity for calmodulin, with Kd approximately 0.3 nM [Malencik, D.A., & Anderson, S.R. (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 114, 50]. The addition of 1 mol/mol of mastoparan to the complex of calmodulin with dynorphin results in complete dissociation of dynorphin. Similar titrations of the skeletal muscle troponin C-dynorphin complex produce a gradual dissociation consistent with a dissociation constant of 0.2 microM for the troponin C-mastoparan complex. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements using the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of mastoparan X show strongly calcium-dependent binding by proteolytic fragments of calmodulin. binding by proteolytic fragments of calmodulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Parsley 4CL-1 Promoter Fragment Specifies Complex Expression Patterns in Transgenic Tobacco (1991)

Karl D. Hauffe, Uta Paszkowski, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Klaus Hahlbrock, Jeffery L. Dangl, Carl J. Douglas, A Parsley 4CL-1 Promoter Fragment Specifies Complex Expression Patterns in Transgenic Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 3, No. 5 (May, 1991), pp. 435-443
A comprehensive evaluation of the 8-gauge vacuum-assisted Mammotome® system for ultrasound-guided diagnostic biopsy and selective excision of breast lesions (2007)

The 8-gauge vacuum-assisted Mammotome(R) system is highly accurate for ultrasound-guided diagnostic biopsy of suspicious breast lesions and is highly successful for complete excision of appropriately selected presumed benign breast lesions. This particular technology should be routinely offered to all appropriately selected patients that are evaluated by physicians involved in breast-specific health care.
Identification of linear periodically time-varying systems using periodic sequences (2009)

A new method for the identification of discrete linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) systems is derived in this paper. Take an LPTV system with period M, and assume that an input with period N is applied to this system, where N is a multiple of M. The output of this system will be periodic with period N. Using such periodic inputs, we show that the problem of identification of LPTV systems can be formulated in the frequency domain. By using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the identification method reduces to finding the least-squares (LS) solution of a set of linear equations. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Alkali metal consumption by discharge lamps fabricated from GE-180 aluminosilicate glass (2015)

Alkali rf-discharge lamps provide the light for optical pumping in vapor-cell atomic clocks and magnetometers. Traditionally, the discharge lamp's envelope has been fabricated from alkali-resistant Corning 1720 aluminosilicate glass, and such lamps have demonstrated decade-long continuous operation. Specifically, the diffusion of alkali atoms into this glass during lamp operation has been shown to be sufficiently slow that lifetimes in excess of ten years can be obtained using only moderate initial alkali fill levels (< 400 µg). However, Corning 1720 glass is no longer being manufactured. It is therefore important to identify alternative glass types that offer comparable alkali resistance, and that are readily available. Although Schott 8436 aluminosilicate glass has been shown to be a suitable substitute, it would be advantageous to identify an alternate glass type produced in higher volume. One alternative, which is manufactured in very high volume for use in automotive lamps, is GE-180 glass. Although this glass also offers high alkali resistivity due to its aluminosilicate composition, the rate of diffusion of alkali atoms into this material when employed as the glass envelope of an rf-discharge lamp has not been measured. We present here our initial results, obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), of the rate of Rb consumption by discharge lamps manufactured with GE-180 glass. Our results suggest that GE-180 is an excellent substitute for Corning 1720 glass in rf-discharge lamps. We also discuss some unusual issues that have been observed during our DSC measurements, and we outline some new methods for attaining accurate alkali lamp fills using the DSC technique.
Inorganic Polymers (2009)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Polysilanes, Polygermanes, and Polystannanes 3. Poly(Carborane ‐ Siloxanes), Polycarbosilanes and Polysilazanes 4. Polyphosphazenes 5. Poly(Boron Nitride) 6. Poly(Sulfur Nitride) 7. Polysulfur 8. Organometallic Polymers 9. Sol ‐ Gel Inorganic Polymers 10. Inorganic Fibers and Whiskers 11. Biomedical and Antimicrobial Polymers 12. Boron Polymers 13. Aluminum Polymers 14. Polymers with SiOMO Backbones 15. Poly(CarbonDisulfide), Poly(Carbon Diselenide), and Polythiocyanogen 16. Phosphorus‐Containing Polymers 17. Traditional and Metal‐Matrix Composites
Influence of Sb doping on the structural and optical properties of tin oxide nanocrystals (2013)

The influence of Sb doping on the structural and optical properties of the SnO2 nanocrystals and films were investigated. An unusual enhancement in near infrared absorption was found in the SnO2 nanocrystals with increasing Sb doping content, and the maximum absorption shifted to shorter wavelength.
Molecular biology strategies to detect residual disease (2012)

The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) has been demonstrated for a variety of hematologic malignancies. PCR based assays are among the most important methods for identifying MRD. They are aimed at detecting genetic abnormalities of residual leukemic cells with high specificity and sensitivity and represent an important diagnostic tool to assess the quality of therapeutic response, for clinical risk assessment, and for clinical management. In the present review technical aspects of different MRD detection methods are discussed which depend on the available targets regularly present in the respective leukemia type and subtype. As such fusion transcripts, gene mutations, and clonal rearrangements of antigen-receptor genes may be available for detection. Emphasis is given on discussing benefits and limitations of MRD detection and quantification in CML, AML and ALL.
Development of Seasonal Heat Storage based on Stable Supercooling of a Sodium Acetate Water Mixture (2012)

A number of heat storage modules for seasonal heat storages based on stable supercooling of a sodium acetate water mixture have been tested by means of experiments in a heat storage test facility. The modules had different volumes and designs. Further, different methods were used to transfer heat to and from the sodium acetate water mixture in the modules. By means of the experiments: • The heat exchange capacity rates to and from the sodium acetate water mixture in the heat storage modules were determined for different volume flow rates. • The heat content of the heat storage modules were determined. • The reliability of the supercooling was elucidated for the heat storage modules for different operation conditions. • The reliability of a cooling method used to start solidification of the supercooled sodium acetate water mixture was elucidated. The method is making use of boiling CO2 in a small tank in good thermal contact with the outer surface of the heat storage module. • Experience on operation of the heat storage modules was gained. Based on the investigations recommendations for future development of a seasonal heat storage based on stable supercooling of a sodium acetate water mixture are given.
Distributed programming in Argus (1988)

Argus—a programming language and system developed to support the implementation and execution of distributed programs—provides mechanisms that help programmers cope with the special problems that arise in distributed programs, such as network partitions and crashes of remote nodes.