gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Pinniped Vibrissae to Aeropropulsion (2015)

Vibrissae (whiskers) of Phoca Vitulina (Harbor Seal) and Mirounga Angustirostris (Elephant Seal) possess undulations along their length. Harbor Seal Vibrissae have been shown to reduce vortex induced vibrations and reduce drag compared to appropriately scaled cylinders and ellipses. Samples of Harbor Seal vibrissae, Elephant Seal vibrissae and California Sea Lion vibrissae were collected from the Marine Mammal Center in California. CT scanning, microscopy and 3D scanning techniques were utilized to characterize the whiskers. Leading edge parameters from the whiskers were used to create a 3D profile based on a modern power turbine blade. The NASA SW-2 cascade wind tunnel facility was used to perform hotwire surveys and pitot surveys in the wake of the ‘Seal Blades’ to provide validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of incidence angles from −37 to +10 degrees on the aerodynamic performance of the Seal blade. The tests and simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 100,000 based on inlet conditions and blade axial chord. The Seal blades showed consistent performance improvements over the baseline configuration. It was determined that a fuel burn reduction of approximately 5% could be achieved for a fixed wing aircraft.
G Quadruplex‐Based FRET Probes with the Thrombin‐Binding Aptamer (TBA) Sequence Designed for the Efficient Fluorometric Detection of the Potassium Ion (2006)

The dual-labeled oligonucleotide derivative, FAT-0, carrying 6- carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) labels at the 5' and 3' termini of the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) sequence 5'-GGT TGG TGT GGT TGG-3', and its derivatives, FAT-n (n=3, 5, and 7) with a spacer at the 5'-end of a TBA sequence of T(m)A (m=2, 4, and 6) have been designed and synthesized. These fluorescent probes were developed for monitoring K(+) concentrations in living organisms. Circular dichroism, UV-visible absorption, and fluorescence studies revealed that all FAT-n probes could form intramolecular tetraplex structures after binding K(+). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and quenching results are discussed taking into account dye-dye contact interactions. The relationship between the fluorescence behavior of the probes and the spacer length in FAT-n was studied in detail and is discussed.
"Multi-enzyme-targeted" immunochemotherapy: a salvage therapy protocol. (2000)

Human tumor cells have markedly elevated activity of enzymes of the purine and pyrimidine de novo and salvage pathways. Our therapy protocol is based on these findings. Different antimetabolites (MTX, 5-FU, dFdC, AZT) were administered to hit key enzymes. Vindesine and ifosfamide were aimed to block macromolecules. Repair mechanisms were impaired by hydroxyurea and topotecan. DNA transcription was blocked by actinomycin. IFNs (alpha, gamma) and IL-2 served as immuno-modulators. 47 patients (age 61.5 years, Karnowsky score 85%) were treated in an out-patient-setting. Median number of cycles was 3. General toxicity was low. Leucocytes, platelets, and monocytes were significantly reduced during therapy, but returned to normal on day 29. Lymphocyte subtypes did not show significant changes. 3 complete clinical responses, 22 partial responses, 9 progressive diseases were observed. CR occurred in 1/4 patients with kidney, in 1/1 with bladder, and in 1/5 with breast cancer.
Film-evaporation microthruster for cubesats (2016)

This paper describes a novel MEMS thermal valving system which exploits surface tension as a control mechanism to produce thrust in the sub-millinewton range at less than 1 Watt power at 2 to 5 Volts and using pure liquid water as a green propellant. Over 120 functional field-evaporation devices of different nozzle throat geometries were microfabricated and tested. The throat width was around 8 microns to initiate evaporation at about 50°C with length varying from about 15 to 60 microns to realize different capillary aspect ratios. The thermal and thrust measurements revealed two distinct performance modes for short and long capillaries. The short capillary with a throat aspect ratio up to 2 results in high rates of bulk water cooling beneficial for thermal control. For aspect ratios > 4, the film-evaporation device gives a stable and lower mass flow rate with higher propulsion performance. The measured specific impulse (Isp) exceeds most cold gas micropropulsion systems, due to low atomic mass, and requires no high pressure propellant containment nor massive and power exhaustive conventional valves. Total dry system mass including propellant tank can be as low as 1 ½ grams to hold 1 gram of propellant and occupy less than 2 cm3 volume.
Calibrating multi-projector cylindrically curved displays for "wallpaper" projection (2008)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for calibrating multiple casually placed projectors, via a single uncalibrated camera, to produce a wallpaper projection, which is equivalent to printing a single image onto a flat sheet of paper and pasting it to the screen. Based on a piecewise planar model, the method described here combines the advantages of global surface fitting and homographies to generate high accuracy geometric correction independent of the camera position and viewing angle. Experimental results validate the approach, achieving seamless displays with various multi-projector arrangements. The proposed calibration mechanism is applicable to both curved and planar screen surfaces and to single as well as multiple projector displays.
cDNA Cloning and Characterization of a Secreted Luciferase from the Luminous Japanese Ostracod,<i>Cypridina noctiluca</i> (2004)

A secreted luciferase from the marine ostracod, Vargula hilgendorfii, is a useful tool for gene expression assays in living mammalian cells. We have cloned the cDNA of a new secreted luciferase from the ostracod Cypridina noctiluca, which inhabits the coast of Japan. C. noctiluca luciferase consists of 553 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 61,415 Da, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequences with V. hilgendorfii luciferase are 79.2% and 83.1%, respectively. C. noctiluca luciferase can expressed in and secreted from cultured mammalian cells. The characteristic properties of expressed C. noctiluca luciferase are similar to those of V. hilgendorfii luciferase. However, the activity of C. noctiluca luciferase in culture medium is much higher than that of V. hilgendorfii luciferase, suggesting that C. noctiluca luciferase is a highly potent reporter enzyme for real-time and continuous monitoring of gene expression in living cells.
Importance of the Proline-Rich Region Following Signal-Anchor Sequence in the Formation of Correct Conformation of Microsomal Cytochrome P-450s1 (1993)

A proline-rich region is present following the signal-anchor sequence in the amino-terminal portion of all known microsomal cytochrome P-450s. To assess the functional significance of the proline residues in this region, we systematically altered these residues of cytochrome P450(M1) (P450 2C11); one, two, and three proline residues out of the five in the region were exchanged for alanine residues. The wild-type and the mutated proteins were expressed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe under the control of nmt1 promoter. The wild-type and the mutated proteins were all highly expressed in the yeast cells (5-9% of the total membrane protein). The expressed wild-type P450(M1) showed a typical carbon monoxide difference spectrum of P-450 and the activity of testosterone hydroxylation, whereas all the mutated proteins constructed in the present study showed no characteristic P-450 spectrum, suggesting that the substitution of the proline residues in this region resulted in a defect of proper heme incorporation. Furthermore, the mutated proteins in which more than one proline residues had been exchanged were more sensitive to trypsin digestion than the wild type. From these results, we propose that the proline residues in the proline-rich region are crucial for the formation of the correct conformation of microsomal P-450 molecules.
Integrated MIMO identification and robust PID controller design through loop shaping (1998)

A framework for integrated identification and robust PID control for multivariable processes is presented. The method relies on robust loop shaping bounds computed directly from identification data using the concept of the structured singular value (/spl mu/). These performance bounds are then used to define the nominal loop shape required to tune PID controllers.
Assessment of Splanchnic Oxygenation by Gastric Tonometry in Patients With Acute Circulatory Failure (1993)

Gastric intramucosal pH was the most reliable indicator of adequacy of tissue oxygenation in this group of patients. Inadequate regional blood flow as detected by a reduction in gastric intramucosal pH, but not by systemic measures, is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in intensive care units.
Measurements of Deposition, Lung Surface Area and Lung Fluid for Simulation of Inhaled Compounds (2016)

Modern strategies in drug development employ in silico techniques in the design of compounds as well as estimations of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity parameters. The quality of the results depends on software algorithm, data library and input data. Compared to simulations of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of oral drug compounds, relatively few studies report predictions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled substances. For calculation of the drug concentration at the absorption site, the pulmonary epithelium, physiological parameters such as lung surface and distribution volume (lung lining fluid) have to be known. These parameters can only be determined by invasive techniques and by postmortem studies. Very different values have been reported in the literature. This review addresses the state of software programs for simulation of orally inhaled substances and focuses on problems in the determination of particle deposition, lung surface and of lung lining fluid. The different surface areas for deposition and for drug absorption are difficult to include directly into the simulations. As drug levels are influenced by multiple parameters the role of single parameters in the simulations cannot be identified easily.
Adverse effects of dietary fructose. (2005)

The consumption of fructose, primarily from high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), has increased considerably in the United States during the past several decades. Intake of HFCS may now exceed that of the other major caloric sweetener, sucrose. Some nutritionists believe fructose is a safer form of sugar than sucrose, particularly for people with diabetes mellitus, because it does not adversely affect blood-glucose regulation, at least in the short-term. However, fructose has potentially harmful effects on other aspects of metabolism. In particular, fructose is a potent reducing sugar that promotes the formation of toxic advanced glycation end-products, which appear to play a role in the aging process; in the pathogenesis of the vascular, renal, and ocular complications of diabetes; and in the development of atherosclerosis. Fructose has also been implicated as the main cause of symptoms in some patients with chronic diarrhea or other functional bowel disturbances. In addition, excessive fructose consumption may be responsible in part for the increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the long-term effects of fructose consumption have not been adequately studied in humans, the available evidence suggests it may be more harmful than is generally recognized. The extent to which a person might be adversely affected by dietary fructose depends both on the amount consumed and on individual tolerance. With a few exceptions, the relatively small amounts of fructose that occur naturally in fruits and vegetables are unlikely to have deleterious effects, and this review is not meant to discourage the consumption of these healthful foods.
Controlled-Deactivation CB1 Receptor Ligands as a Novel Strategy to Lower Intraocular Pressure (2018)

Nearly half a century has passed since the demonstration that cannabis and its chief psychoactive component Δ⁸-THC lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP remains the chief hallmark and therapeutic target for glaucoma, a condition that places millions at risk of blindness. It is likely that Δ⁸-THC exerts much of its IOP-lowering effects via the activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. However, the initial promise of CB1 as a target for treating glaucoma has not thus far translated into a credible therapeutic strategy. We have recently shown that blocking monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an enzyme that breaks the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), substantially lowers IOP. Another strategy is to develop cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists that are optimized for topical application to the eye. Recently we have reported on a controlled-deactivation approach where the "soft" drug concept of enzymatic deactivation was combined with a "depot effect" that is commonly observed with Δ⁸-THC and other lipophilic cannabinoids. This approach allowed us to develop novel cannabinoids with a predictable duration of action and is particularly attractive for the design of CB1 activators for ophthalmic use with limited or no psychoactive effects. We have tested a novel class of compounds using a combination of electrophysiology in autaptic hippocampal neurons, a well-characterized model of endogenous cannabinoid signaling, and measurements of IOP in a mouse model. We now report that AM7410 is a reasonably potent and efficacious agonist at CB1 in neurons and that it substantially (30%) lowers IOP for as long as 5 h after a single topical treatment. This effect is absent in CB1 knockout mice. Our results indicate that the direct targeting of CB1 receptors with controlled-deactivation ligands is a viable approach to lower IOP in a murine model and merits further study in other model systems.
Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water (2011)

Abstract Two-step hydrolysis of nipa ( Nypa fruticans ) frond, one of the monocotyledonous angiosperms, was studied in a semi-flow hot-compressed water treatment at 230°C/10 MPa/15 min (first stage) and 270°C/10 MPa/30 min (second stage). In the first stage, hemicelluloses such as O -acetyl-4- O -methylglucuronoarabinoxylan and pectin and para-crystalline cellulose were selectively hydrolyzed, as well as lignin, which was partially decomposed. In the second stage, hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and some additional decomposition of lignin were observed. In addition, inorganic constituents and free sugars, composed mainly of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were recovered in cold water (20°C/10 MPa/30 min) prior to these 2 stages. In total, 97.3% of oven-dried nipa frond sample could be solubilized into cold and hot-compressed water. The degradation products in the water-soluble portion were primarily recovered as various saccharides (hydrolyzed moieties of the polyoses), which were later dehydrated, fragmented and isomerized partly. The residual (2.7%) is composed mainly of lignin associated with 0.4% of Si. A decomposition pathway is proposed for O -acetyl-4- O -methylglucuronoarabinoxylan as the major hemicellulose based on its various hydrolyzed products.
CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature (2005)

Abstract This article describes the latest development of a generic approach to detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. The work makes substantial theoretical and methodological contributions to progressive knowledge domain visualization. A specialty is conceptualized and visualized as a time‐variant duality between two fundamental concepts in information science: research fronts and intellectual bases. A research front is defined as an emergent and transient grouping of concepts and underlying research issues. The intellectual base of a research front is its citation and co‐citation footprint in scientific literature—an evolving network of scientific publications cited by research‐front concepts. Kleinberg's (2002) burst‐detection algorithm is adapted to identify emergent research‐front concepts. Freeman's (1979) betweenness centrality metric is used to highlight potential pivotal points of paradigm shift over time. Two complementary visualization views are designed and implemented: cluster views and time‐zone views. The contributions of the approach are that (a) the nature of an intellectual base is algorithmically and temporally identified by emergent research‐front terms, (b) the value of a co‐citation cluster is explicitly interpreted in terms of research‐front concepts, and (c) visually prominent and algorithmically detected pivotal points substantially reduce the complexity of a visualized network. The modeling and visualization process is implemented in CiteSpace II, a Java application, and applied to the analysis of two research fields: mass extinction (1981–2004) and terrorism (1990–2003). Prominent trends and pivotal points in visualized networks were verified in collaboration with domain experts, who are the authors of pivotal‐point articles. Practical implications of the work are discussed. A number of challenges and opportunities for future studies are identified.
Tourism development : environmental and community issues (1997)

Partial table of contents: Tourism Development and Sustainability (S. Wanhill) Rethinking Impacts of Tourism (G. Wall) Sustainable Tourism - Do Economists Really Care? (B. Archer) Tourism Development in Egypt: Competitive Strategies and Implications (S. Wahab) Tourist Organisations in Catalonia: Regional and Local Structures and Issues (D. Pearce) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Deontology of Tourism (K. Przeclawski) Development of an Eco-Tourism Strategy for Texas (T. Var) The Environmental Consequences of Declining Destinations (C. Cooper) COMMUNITY ISSUES The Four Hs of Tribal Tourism: Acoma - A Pueblo Case Study (V. Smith) Index.
Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by human anticryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antibodies (1996)

Cryptococcal meningitis occurs in 6 to 8% of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Despite the availability of powerful antifungal agents that are active against Cryptococcus neoformans, these drugs generally fail to cure cryptococcal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Alternative approaches to prevention and therapy of cryptococcosis are urgently needed. Complement promotes phagocytosis of C. neoformans, but human antibodies to cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide have not been shown to function as complement-independent opsonins. The goal of our studies was to characterize the in vitro biological function of human antibodies to glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from individuals immunized with a GXM-tetanus toxoid (GXM-TT) vaccine. We studied sera from nine vaccinees that manifested good serologic responses to GXM-TT. The results indicate that GXM-TT-elicited antibodies promote phagocytosis of C. neoformans by both murine J774 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The two sera with the highest titers of anti-GXM immunoglobulin G2 antibodies were the most opsonic. When PBMC Fc gamma RIIa receptors were blocked, a 75% decrease in phagocytosis occurred following incubation of the PBMCs with C. neoformans opsonized with these sera. Our data indicate that, in the absence of complement, human anti-GXM-TT antibodies are opsonic and that antibodies of the immunoglobulin G2 isotype are effective opsonins.
A new sequence for single‐shot diffusion‐weighted NMR spectroscopy by the trace of the diffusion tensor (2012)

Diffusion-weighted spectroscopy is a unique tool for exploring the intracellular microenvironment in vivo. In living systems, diffusion may be anisotropic, when biological membranes exhibit particular orientation patterns. In this work, a volume selective diffusion-weighted sequence is proposed, allowing single-shot measurement of the trace of the diffusion tensor, which does not depend on tissue anisotropy. With this sequence, the minimal echo time is only three times the diffusion time. In addition, cross-terms between diffusion gradients and other gradients are cancelled out. An adiabatic version, similar to localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence, is then derived, providing partial immunity against cross-terms. Proof of concept is performed ex vivo on chicken skeletal muscle by varying tissue orientation and intra-voxel shim. In vivo performance of the sequence is finally illustrated in a U87 glioblastoma mouse model, allowing the measurement of the trace apparent diffusion coefficient for six metabolites, including J-modulated metabolites. Although measurement performed along three separate orthogonal directions would bring similar accuracy on trace apparent diffusion coefficient under ideal conditions, the method described here should be useful for probing intimate properties of the cells with minimal experimental bias.
UWB microstrip patch antenna with flower shaped patch and cavity structure (2016)

Ultra-Wideband antennas ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 Ghz, have gained increasing attention mainly because of the high data transmission rates, well beyond those possible with currently available technologies such as 802.11a, b, g, Wi-Max, etc. A UWB antenna with dual polarization is designed and simulated using ANSYS HFSS simulation software and its performance was analyzed. The proposed structure of the antenna is designed with a hexagon shape and a flower shaped patch and their results are compared to know the best among the two shapes. It is found that Flower shaped patch structure gives better results and the structure consists of a flower shaped patch with two ports and four capacitively coupled feeds. The four feeds are formed from two shapes: Trapezoidal shape and Triangular shape which forms a vertical patch and a horizontal patch respectively . The feeds excite a square radiating patch as they are placed at the center of the antenna structure. The feeds are connected to the microstrip lines, which are printed on the dielectric substrate (FR4), via holes. Two tapered baluns are used for getting differential feeds and for exciting the entire antenna structure to improve the gain and also to achieve high isolation between the two ports. Port 1 provides Horizontal Polarization and Port 2 provides Vertical Polarization. The return loss measured for the dual polarized antenna with the hexagon shape is -10.7dB, the measured VSWR is 1.8 and the measured antenna gain value is 0.784dB. The return loss measured for the dual polarized antenna with the Flower shaped patch is -20.04dB, the measured VSWR is 1.2 and the measured antenna gain value is 1.8485dB.A Cavity structure is then introduced into the flower shaped patch design for the sake of improvement in gain of the proposed design and the results are analyzed. It is found that gain of 2.1989dB is got from the cavity structure. The main characteristic of UWB Antennas is its ability to provide Polarization Diversity, which enhances the channel capacity significally. This make them more attractive than the usual antennas with linear polarization.