gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Phospholipase C and A<sub>2</sub>-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Smart Probes (2010)

The primary focus of this work was to develop activatable probes suitable for in vivo detection of phospholipase activity. Phospholipases (PLs) are ubiquitous enzymes that perform a number of critical regulatory functions. They catalyze phospholipid breakdown and are categorized as A(1), A(2) (PLA(2)), C (PLC), and D (PLD) based on their site of action. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of self-quenching reporter probes that release fluorescent moieties upon cleavage with PLA(2) or PLC. A series of phospholipids were synthesized bearing the NIR fluorophore pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) at the sn-2 position. Fluorescence quenching was achieved by attachment of either a positively charged black hole quencher-3 (BHQ-3) to the phospholipid headgroup or another neutral Pyro moiety at the sn-1 position. The specificity to different phospholipases was modulated by insertion of spacers (C(6), C(12)) between Pyro and the lipid backbone. The specificity of the quenched fluorescent phospholipids was assayed on a plate reader against a number of phospholipases and compared with two commercial probes bearing the visible fluorophore BODIPY. While PyroC(6)-PyroC(6)-PtdCho revealed significant background fluorescence, and a 10% fluorescence increase under the action of PLA(2), Pyro-PtdEtn-BHQ demonstrated high selective sensitivity to PLC, particularly to the PC-PLC isoform, and its sensitivity to PLA(2) was negligible due to steric hindrance at the sn-2 position. In contrast, the C(12)-spacered PyroC(12)-PtdEtn-BHQ demonstrated a remarkable selectivity for PLA(2) and the best relative PLA(2)/PLC sensitivity, significantly outperforming previously known probes. These results open an avenue for future in vivo experiments and for new probes to detect PL activity.
Human corneal epithelial primary cultures and cell lines with extended life span: in vitro model for ocular studies. (1993)

In vitro models, using primary cultures of corneal epithelium and lines of corneal epithelial cells with extended life span, retain a variety of phenotypic characteristics and may be used as an adjunct to ocular toxicology studies and as a tool to investigate corneal epithelial cell biology.
3D segmentation of breast tumor in ultrasound images (2003)

This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) region-based segmentation algorithm for extracting a diagnostic tumor from ultrasound images by using a split-and-merge and seeded region growing with a distortion-based homogeneity cost. In the proposed algorithm, 2D cutting planes are first obtained by the equiangular revolution of a cross sectional plane on a reference axis for a 3D volume data. In each cutting plane, an elliptic seed mask that is included tightly in a tumor of interest is set. At the same time, each plane is finely segmented using the split-and-merge with a distortion-based cost. In the result segmented finely, all of the regions that are across or contained in the elliptic seed mask are then merged. The merged region is taken as a seed region for the seeded region growing. In the seeded region growing, the seed region is recursively merged with adjacent regions until a predefined condition is reached. Then, the contour of the final seed region is extracted as a contour of the tumor. Finally, a 3D volume of the tumor is rendered from the set of tumor contours obtained for the entire cutting planes. Experimental results for a 3D artificial volume data show that the proposed method yields maximum three times reduction in error rate over the Krivanek’s method. For a real 3D ultrasonic volume data, the error rates of the proposed method are shown to be lower than 17% when the results obtained manually are used as a reference data. It also is found that the contours of the tumor extracted by the proposed algorithm coincide closely with those estimated by human vision.
Ribbon-type electro-acoustic transducer with low distortion and improved sensitivity (1985)

First Page
Taxol arrests the development of blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium chabaudi adami in malaria-infected mice. (1994)

Taxol, a natural product used to treat a variety of human cancers, is shown here to be extremely effective against chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant malaria parasites. Addition of Taxol (1.0 microM) for one cycle to cultures of human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum prevents the establishment of new infections. Blood parasitemia is eliminated in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi adami when they are given a single intraperitoneal injection of Taxol at 150 mg/m2. The majority of the animals treated immediately preceding parasite schizogony remain free of infection after eight replication cycles. The impressive antimalarial activity of Taxol, at a dosage that has been tolerated in humans, establishes its potential utility for treatment of severe, drug-resistant human malaria.
DEVELOPMENT OF CRAWL-TYPE STAIR LIFT (1998)

The aim of this project is to supply a new, cost-effective stair lift for wheelchair users. For this purpose, a new mechanism, known as "crawltype," has been developed. This system is composed of three parts: traction guides, drive guides, and a hoist carrier. The former two guides are attached to a wall. The traction guide is constructed by a pair of parallel pipes, and the drive guide is set between the traction guides. The hoist carrier is attached to the traction guides by two rollers and can slide on the traction guides. The hoist carrier has one rotating disk driven by an electric motor. On the latter's rim, some free-rotating rollers are mounted, separated by equal degrees along the normal direction of the disk. The disk is set on the hoist carrier at 15 degrees along the line perpendicular to the slope of staircase, parallel to the wall surface of the staircase. The drive guide has been designed for the uniform rotating velocity of the roller attached to the disk to be converted to uniform straight velocity along the traction guide. The resulting drive guide line has a complicated three-dimensional shape. The roller follows on the drive guide by disk rotation. In the case of either straight stairs or spiral stairs, the number of rollers on the disk is four. However, in the case of half-turn stairs, the number of rollers on the disk is five, thereby reducing the number of varieties of the drive guides. This mechanism has many advantages over conventional ones: (1) The traction guide and the drive guide are not mechanical parts, therefore they do not need lubricating oil. This does not soil the clothes of the user on the staircase; (2) drive guides are set closer to the wall, and are set on the inner side from the surface formed by a pair of traction guides. They are composed of cylindrical pipes without sharp edges. This means that they do not hurt children by their indiscreet behavior; (3) the shape of the drive guide is complicated however each drive guide is the same shape. This means that manufacturing cost is inexpensive; and (4) the mechanism is safe. The disk is driven by an electric motor via a pair of worm gears. When the electrical power is cut accidentally, the disk holds its own position. Furthermore, the disk is set at 15 degrees toward the wall, therefore a held disk interferes with the drive guide. By virtue of this structure, there is little danger of the hoist carrier sliding down along the traction guides.
Key agreement for wireless networks in the presence of active adversaries (2011)

In this work we consider key agreement in a distributed wireless network in which adversarial nodes may exist in the network. Two practical scenarios are studied, i.e., path-key establishment and key pool bootstrapping. For both scenarios, previous work mainly focuses on preventing adversarial eavesdropping attacks. When the adversarial nodes can both eavesdrop and change the packets in the network, we show that an optimal scheme (in terms of error correction capability) can be obtained by using techniques from the literature of network error correction codes. In particular, for the path-key establishment problem, which has a particular topological structure, we propose a lightweight scheme with lower error probability and computational complexity than existing network error correction codes. For the key pool bootstrapping scenario, we show a connection with multisource network error correction coding, and show that network coding is necessary for optimal resilience against adversarial attacks.
Asymmetric synthesis of helical metallocenes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of helical metallocenesAnantha. Sudhakar and Thomas J. KatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1, 179–181Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00261a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00261a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views834Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Power Scaleable, Fiber Pumped Optical Terahertz Source (2007)

We have developed a power scaleable terahertz source based on fiber amplification and difference frequency mixing. Currently, 2mW of average THz power (20W peak) has been produced with 1ns pulses and a 0.137% conversion efficiency.
Ex vivo TSM online monitoring of skin dehydration (2015)

This study presents a new online skin investigation technique for tracking products-to-skin mechanical effects. Ex vivo abdominal skin explants from plastic surgery and kept alive are used for this study. Considering the skin as a complex fluid made of membrane and fiber structures immersed in liquid, its mechanical response of a bulk thickness shear wave excitation (i.e. stress-strain analysis) involves both a viscous component associated with energy dissipation and an elastic component associated with energy storage. A tight monitoring of these two components from the response of a TSM sensor (based on an AT cut quartz resonator at 5 MHz) in contact to the dermis of the ex vivo explant give us access to the complex dynamic shear moduli (G' and G") evolution of the skin; The appropriate mechanical model describing the sensor response vs. shear waves/matrix interactions allows investigating the impact of the product (or treatment) to the viscoelastic properties of the skin. The complex study of the TSM response in time domain permits a control a) of the dehydration evolution at 37 °C due to interpenetrated intercellular lipid membranes matrix including the first step of permeation process from dermis to SC; b) the impact on the kinetics of the permeation process by a product applied at the SC surface. This information includes the structure and properties evolution of the collagen and elastic fibers and the proteoglycans located in the skin. A comparison of mechanical results with other techniques in the literature confirms the validity of the model. These preliminary results show that our TSM technique can be an appreciable new way for ex vivo skin investigation for test and optimization of new cosmetic products.
Spiro Hydantoin Aldose Reductase Inhibitors (1988)

Sorbitol formation from glucose, catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase, is believed to play a role in the development of certain chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Spiro hydantoins derived from five- and six-membered ketones fused to an aromatic ring or ring system inhibit aldose reductase isolated from calf lens. In vivo these compounds are potent inhibitors of sorbitol formation in sciatic nerves of streptozotocinized rats. Optimum in vivo activity is reached in spiro hydantoins derived from 6-halogenated 2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones (4-chromanones). In 2,4-dihydro-6-fluorospiro[4H-1-benzopyran-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5 '-dione, the activity resides exclusively in the 4S isomer, compound 115 (CP-45,634, USAN: sorbinil). This compound is currently being used to test, in humans, the value of aldose reductase inhibitors in the therapy of diabetic complications.
Dynamic Separation for Transactional Memory (2008)

Implementations of language constructs over transactional memory have typically provided unexpected semantics, required the re-compilation of non-transacted code, or assumed new hardware. We introduce an alternative approach founded on a contract between the programmer and the language implementation in which strong semantics are provided to programs that are “correctly synchronized” in their use of the language, even if the underlying TM implementation provides weaker guarantees. Our approach is based on the dynamic separation of objects that can be updated in transactions, objects that can be updated outside transactions, and read-only objects that are accessible everywhere. We introduce explicit operations that, at run-time, identify transitions between these modes of access. Dynamic separation is more flexible than earlier notions of static separation, while still permitting an extremely wide range of hardware-based and software-based implementations. We define what it means for a program to obey the dynamic-separation discipline, and we show how a runtime checking tool—analogous to a data-race detector—can test this property. We also describe our design and implementation of a system with dynamic separation, and examine the use of dynamic separation in an asynchronous IO library.
Changing timbre and phrase in existing musical performances as you like (2009)

This paper presents a new music manipulation method that can change the timbre and phrases of an existing instrumental performance in a polyphonic sound mixture. This method consists of three primitive functions: 1) extracting and analyzing of a single instrumental part from polyphonic music signals, 2) mixing the instrument timbre with another, and 3) rendering a new phrase expression for another given score. The resulting customized part is re-mixed with the remaining parts of the original performance to generate new polyphonic music signals. A single instrumental part is extracted by using an integrated tone model that consists of harmonic and inharmonic tone models with the aid of the score of the single instrumental part. The extraction incorporates a residual model for the single instrumental part in order to avoid crosstalk between instrumental parts. The extracted model parameters are classified into their averages and deviations. The former is treated as instrument timbre and is customized by mixing, while the latter is treated as phrase expression and is customized by rendering. We evaluated our method in three experiments. The first experiment focused on introduction of the residual model, and it showed that the model parameters are estimated more accurately by 35.0 points. The second focused on timbral customization, and it showed that our method is more robust by 42.9 points in spectral distance compared with a conventional sound analysis-synthesis method, STRAIGHT. The third focused on the acoustic fidelity of customizing performance, and it showed that rendering phrase expression according to the note sequence leads to more accurate performance by 9.2 points in spectral distance in comparison with a rendering method that ignores the note sequence.
Application Possibilities of a Novel Immobilized Glucoamylase (1979)

Abstract A novel immobilized glucoamylase has been developed, which is suited to act in some new processes, e. g. if the saccharification has to be stopped at a certain DE, if limited reactor capacity makes a short residence time necessary, or if the enzyme is unwanted in the product. Application of this enzyme in complete saccharification of starch has been investigated. Max. obtainable DX at 30% DS has been around 94% with this enzyme, where with the same substrate a DX of 96.0 – 96.5% has been obtained with AMG. In addition to this lower degree of hydrolysis, a process with this enzyme has appeared more dependent on the DE of the substrate. The necessary prefiltrations and the problem of retrogradation have been the limiting factors for using low DE maltodextrins. Potential applications of this enzyme which could have economical interest today include treatment of syrup for adjustment or control of carbohydrate spectra, e. g. for production of high conversion syrups or for reduction of oligosaccharide content in raffinate syrups.
Eine neue, einfache Synthese von 2,3,5‐Trichlorpyridin (1982)

A New Simple Synthesis of 2,3,5‐Trichlorpyridine A simple synthesis of 2,3,5‐trichloropyridine by the copper‐catalyzed free radical addition of chloral to acrylonitrile with or without isolation of the primary 1:1 adduct,4‐formyl‐2,4,4‐trichlorobutyronitrile ( 1 ), is described.
Metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene by a human hepatoma cell line (1980)

The liver-derived human cell line, Hep G2, has high benzo[a]pyrene-metabolizing activity and converts benzo[a]pyrene to intermediates that are mutagenic and that bind to DNA. This cell line will be useful for studying metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other xenobiotics by human tissue and as an activation system in short-term screening assays for identifying compounds with carcinogenic potential for humans.
Permalloy loaded transmission line for high-speed interconnects (2004)

In this work, we demonstrate: (1) permalloy can be incorporated with planar transmission lines using CMOS compatible process. Patterning the permalloy structures can extend its application well into the microwave frequency range, (2) the transmission line characteristics do not change under up to 50 mA current excitations, (3) the patterned permalloy reduces the magnetic coupling between two adjacent transmission lines by approximately 10 dB. The demonstrated operation frequency range, current drivability and magnetic field shielding property show that the lines can be used for high-speed interconnect applications in CMOS technologies.
Beam-shaping random phase mask for holographic storage (2009)

The reference beam of a holographic data storage system should have a flat intensity profile to achieve a homogenous illumination of the signal beam inside the recording medium. In systems with a focused reference beam this is usually not the case. We introduce a binary phase mask with beam shaping characteristics that improves the homogeneity of the reference beam in the focal plane. Simulations show a significant improvement of the data page image quality.
Improved Low-Temperature Performance of Li-Ion Cells Using New Electrolytes (2010)

As part of the continuing efforts to develop advanced electrolytes to improve the performance of lithium-ion cells, especially at low temperatures, a number of electrolyte formulations have been developed that result in improved low-temperature performance (down to 60 C) of 26650 A123Systems commercial lithium-ion cells. The cell type/design, in which the new technology has been demonstrated, has found wide application in the commercial sector (i.e., these cells are currently being used in commercial portable power tools). In addition, the technology is actively being considered for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and electric vehicle (EV) applications. In current work, a number of low-temperature electrolytes have been developed based on advances involving lithium hexafluorophosphate-based solutions in carbonate and carbonate + ester solvent blends, which have been further optimized in the context of the technology and targeted applications. The approaches employed, which include the use of ternary mixtures of carbonates, the use of ester co-solvents [e.g., methyl butyrate (MB)], and optimized lithium salt concentrations (e.g., LiPF6), were compared with the commercial baseline electrolyte, as well as an electrolyte being actively considered for DoE HEV applications and previously developed by a commercial enterprise, namely LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) + ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)(30:70%).
Toward Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases for Cancer Treatment (2008)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and their inhibitors have been more and more studied during the past decades. Dephosphorylation is implicated in many biological events including the progression of the cell cycle. Around two hundred PTPs are known in humans, divided into three main groups. They all have a common amino acid sequence in their active site, referred to as the C(X)5R motif, namely a cysteine followed by five varying residues and an arginine. The CDC25 and CDC14 families are examples of PTPs described for their potential in cancer treatment, since they are key regulators of the cell cycle progression. CDC25 inhibitors have already proved their antiproliferative properties whereas the effect of the inhibition of CDC14 remains to be studied.The current review describes how the homology of the active site among the PTPs leads to similarities in their mechanism of action, regulation and inhibition. These similarities make it possible for medicinal chemists to design inhibitors based on the knowledge acquired on PTP1B inhibitors. Keywords: Protein tyrosine phosphatases, CDC25, CDC14, PTP1B, active site, inhibitor design, enzyme inhibition
<scp>M</scp>üller–<scp>R</scp>ochow Synthesis: The Direct Process to Methylchlorosilanes (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Formation of Methylchlorosilanes Reaction Mechanism Copper Catalyst Promoters and Inhibitors Reactants and Raw Materials Influence of Temperature and Pressure Applications in the Silicones Industry Industrial Process Parameters and Process Control Course of Production Runs Byproduct Utilization and Waste Treatment Outlook
Development of Hot-Rolled Sheet Steel with the Significant Increase in Tensile Strength Induced by Strain Age Hardening (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new type of bake-hardenable high strength hot-rolled sheet steel was developed, which shows a remarkable increase in tensile strength as well as yield strength after strain age hardening without addition of special elements. The new sheet possesses excellent crashworthiness and high fatigue strength, and also shows good formability, equal to that of conventional high strength sheets. This unique combination of properties makes it possible to reduce the weight of the car body by using thinner gauge material when the new sheet is applied to crash-resistant parts and underbody parts.</div>