gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mathworks Distributed and Parallel Computing Tools for Signal Processing Applications (2007)

As requirements for technical computing applications become more complex, engineers and scientists must solve problems of increasing computational intensity that frequently outstrip the capability of their own computers. Some are distributed applications (also called coarse-grained or embarrassingly parallel applications), where the same algorithm is independently executed over and over on different input parameters. Others consist of parallel (or fine-grained) applications, which contain interdependent tasks that exchange data during the execution of the application. This article introduces the distributed and parallel computing capabilities in The MathWorks distributed computing tools and provides examples of how these capabilities are applied to signal processing applications.
Fusion-Based Background-Subtraction using Contour Saliency (2006)

We present a new contour-based background-subtraction technique using thermal and visible imagery for persistent object detection in urban settings. Statistical backgroundsubtraction in the thermal domain is used to identify the initial regions-of-interest. Color and intensity information are used within these areas to obtain the corresponding regionsof- interest in the visible domain. Within each region, input and background gradient information are combined to form a Contour Saliency Map. The binary contour fragments, obtained from corresponding Contour Saliency Maps, are then combined. An A path-constrained search along watershed boundaries is used to complete and close any broken contour segments. Lastly, the contour image is flood- filled to produce silhouettes. Results of our approach are presented and compared against manually segmented data.
Pore wall fluorescence labeling of covalent organic frameworks (2017)

A novel covalent organic framework (COF) based on terphenyldiboronic acid exhibiting open pores of about 4.1 nm is presented. The pore walls of the COF could be functionalized with a fluorescent dye.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Common Sugar Nucleotide and Therapeutic Oligosaccharides (2022)

The biological roles of carbohydrates are particularly important in the assembly of complex multicellular organs and organisms, which requires interactions between cells and the surrounding matrix. All cells and numerous macromolecules in nature carry an array of covalently attached sugars (monosaccharides) or sugar chains (oligosaccharides), which are generically referred to as ?glycans?. In chapter two of my dissertation, I will introduce a new approach of synthesizing sugar nucleotides, which is the fundamental donor for oligosaccharide synthesis. By learning and adapting from the industrial production, I propose to use the fermenter as an automation system for enzyme production and sugar nucleotide synthesis valve. In doing so, greatly increase the production level of nucleotide sugar donor. In chapter three, I will introduce the synthesis of Lewis-X containing sugar Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III through multiple methods. LNFP III has shown great potential in the treatment of metabolic diseases. With the collaboration of another group, we tested multiple conjugated LNFP III for testing on mice. In chapter four, I will introduce Globo H. It is a hexasaccharide consisting of six monosaccharide. By using both the one pot multienzyme method and Leloir process, Globo H can be synthesized enzymatically without the tedious protection and purification process of chemical method.
Middle Infrared, Quantum Cascade Laser Optoelectronic Absorption System for Monitoring Glucose in Serum (2005)

Advances in middle infrared technology are leading researchers beyond the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and to the quantum cascade laser. While most research focuses on gas-phase detection, recent research explores its use for condensed-phase matter studies. This work investigates its use for monitoring biologically relevant samples of glucose in serum. Samples with physiological glucose concentrations were monitored with a laser at 1036 cm-1. A 0.992 R2 linearity value was observed. In addition, using another laser at 1194 cm-1 as a measure of the background spectroscopic characteristics, a linearity of 0.998 R2 was observed. The average predictive standard errors of the mean (SEM) were 32.5 and 24.7 mg/dL, respectively, for each method. Quantum cascade lasers could be used to develop middle infrared devices for uses beyond the confines of the laboratory.
A Wideband Low Noise Amplifier With 4 kV HBM ESD Protection in 65 nm RF CMOS (2009)

This study presents a wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) including electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits using 65 nm CMOS with a gate oxide thickness of only ~ 2 nm. By co-designing the ESD blocks with the core circuit, the LNA shows almost no performance degradation compared to the reference design without ESD. Under a power consumption of only 6.8 mW, the silicon results show that the LNA can achieve a peak power gain of 13.8 dB. Within the 3 dB bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 6.6 GHz, the noise figure (NF) is in a range of 4.0 dB to 6.5 dB and the input reflection coefficient <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> is below -13.0 dB. Using the miniaturized Shallow-Trench-Isolation (STI) diode of ~ 40 fF capacitance and a robust gate-driven power clamp configuration, the proposed LNA demonstrates an excellent 4 kV human body mode (HBM) ESD performance, which has the highest voltage/capacitance ratio ( ~ 100 V/fF) among the published results for RF LNA applications.
Comparison of estimation schemes for the K-distribution shape parameter (2009)

Three commonly used estimators together with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for the shape parameter of the K-distribution are compared and evaluated. In particular the ML estimation scheme, which provides the most accurate estimate in theory, but which is rarely used in practice, is included and serves as a gage to the other schemes. Distributions of the estimates, as well as other statistical properties, are analysed. Advantages and shortcomings of the different estimators are discussed.
БОТУЛОТОКСИН. МЕХАНИЗМ ТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ. ПРИНЦИП ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ РАЗНЫХ СЕРОТИПОВ БОТУЛОТОКСИНА. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МЕДИЦИНЕ (2023)

The paper discusses the most recent understanding of the mechanisms of action of naturally occurring botulinum toxins in the context of chemical analysis, the types of botulism, the conditions of their origin, causes of development, as well as the methods of prevention of the toxic process, according to the type of lesion. The structural and pathogenic mechanisms of these toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) are very similar (due to the property of inhibiting the exocytosis of neurotransmitter and causing muscle paralysis). However, because each type of toxin has a unique receptor, they have different affinities for the three transporter proteins found in SNAR (VAMP, SNAP, and syntaxin). If in the process of pathogenesis BTA (botulotoxin A) cleaves the protein in the synaptose, BTB cleaves synaptobrevin, while the intracellular target of BTC (which is still in the research stage) are two proteins of the transporter complex (synaptotagmin and syntaxin) at the same time, which has a positive effect on some pharmacological features. The existence of the A1 and A2 subtypes of BTA is discussed, and a chemical justification is provided for why even a minor alteration in the amino acid sequence results in a difference in the biological and immunological characteristics of these subtypes. Furthermore, evidence supports the idea that reducing the amount of complexing proteins is a strategy to lessen toxicity, reduce immune-resistance, assure a long-lasting myorelaxant impact, and thereby increase the potential of botulinum toxin therapy. And this can be achieved by reducing the inactive toxins in the mixture, the ways of which are presented. Meanwhile, on the basis of that same mechanism, one of the unique manifestations of A and B botulinum toxins acting as active drugs, the phenomenon of botulinum toxin therapy, is explained, if of course they are completely free of toxic substances and act in minimal amounts. In the meantime, the phenomena of botulinum toxin therapy, one of the distinctive manifestations of A and B botulinum toxins operating as active medications, is explained on the basis of that same mechanism, assuming, of course, that they are completely free of toxic components and act in minimal levels. This is when they are converted from poison to medicine as “wonderful forces of nature that are meant to help people with diseases that were previously thought to be incurable”. The uniqueness of their mechanism of action, the availability of the drug in any zone of injection, the long duration of the pharmacological effect and, most importantly, the absence of systematic and side effects already justify the demand for drugs, based on botulinum toxins, in neurology, surgery, traumatology, nephrology, dentistry, ophthalmology, aesthetic medicine and later also prospective possibilities of their application in other clinical fields.
Epigenetic landscape and AAV targeting of human neocortical cell classes (2019)

Myriad cell types comprise the human neocortex, but their roles in normal brain function and disease are largely unknown because few tools exist. To find enhancer elements useful for cell type-specific genetic tools, we examined chromatin accessibility in >2,800 high-quality single human neocortical nuclei. Accessible elements frequently are conserved in mouse (34%), often overlap with hypomethylated sites (27%), and connect cell types with neurological diseases via trait-associated SNPs. Directly testing these elements in viral vectors demonstrates functional enhancer activity with cell type specificity predicted by their chromatin accessibility patterns. In summary we present a catalog of human cell class-specific epigenetic elements, and utilize them for new species-agnostic cell type-specific viral genetic tools, which will illuminate human neuron function and drive gene therapy applications.
Expression of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor is correlated with progression in oral cavity carcinomas. (2012)

Our study revealed an association between tissue MIF levels and tumor progression in oral cavity carcinomas. Of note, high-level MIF expression was found in patients developing a second tumor during the follow-up period.
Minimization of Acyclic DFAs (2011)

Abstract. There exists a linear time algorithm for the minimization of acyclic deter-ministic finite-state automata (ADFA) due to Dominique Revuz [17]. The algorithm has different phases involving the computation of a height for each state, sorting states of the same height and joining equivalent states. We present a new linear time al-gorithm for the task at hand. The algorithm is conceptionally simpler and computes the minimal automaton in only a single depth-first traversal over the automaton. The algorithm utilizes the notion of a right-language Register known from algorithms for the incremental construction of minimal ADFAs from lists. In an evaluation we com-pare the running times of both algorithms. The results show that the new algorithm is significantly faster than Revuz ’ algorithm.
Climatic control of the biomass-burning decline in the Americas after <scp>ad</scp> 1500 (2012)

The significance and cause of the decline in biomass burning across the Americas after ad 1500 is a topic of considerable debate. We synthesized charcoal records (a proxy for biomass burning) from the Americas and from the remainder of the globe over the past 2000 years, and compared these with paleoclimatic records and population reconstructions. A distinct post-ad 1500 decrease in biomass burning is evident, not only in the Americas, but also globally, and both are similar in duration and timing to ‘Little Ice Age’ climate change. There is temporal and spatial variability in the expression of the biomass-burning decline across the Americas but, at a regional–continental scale, ‘Little Ice Age’ climate change was likely more important than indigenous population collapse in driving this decline.
Guidelines for Selection of Fluid Loss Control Methods Before and After Sand Control Treatments to Maximize Well Productivity and Cost-Effectiveness (1998)

ABSTRACT The loss of completion and workover fluids into productive zones is a major concern particularly in high-permeability, unconsolidated sandstone formations where sand control is most typically required. Selection of the fluid density to balance the formation pressure is often based on an educated guess through previous experience in nearby or offset wells. Where overpressured formations are expected, balancing the formation pressure requires heavy brines, the loss of which into the formation can be quite costly when reservoir pressure is grossly overestimated. In underpressured formations, overbalance can be as high as several thousand psi even with very low-salinity brines, and maintaining a fluid level in the wellbore becomes extremely problematic. Long horizontal open holes present a formidable challenge for fluid loss control since cleanup of filter cake throughout the hole length using external breakers can be very difficult. In this paper, we review the currently available mechanical and chemical options for fluid loss control, and discuss the limitations of each method. Based on laboratory data and considering practicality in field applications, we offer guidelines for selection of fluid loss control method and/or material in order to maximize productivity. The guidelines are given for two general categories: Before Sand Control (e.g., after perforating with two-trip methods in cased-holes) and After Sand Control (either two-trip or single-trip). The mechanical options discussed include isolation and flapper valves, as well as a single-trip perforating and gravel packing method that eliminates the use of fluid loss control (FLC) pills and multi-functioning isolation systems. Chemical options include crosslinked HEC systems without particulates, and soluble particles in various carrier fluids. The particles may be soluble in water (sized salt), in acid (CaCO3), or in oil (oil-soluble resins).
Biophysical modeling of forward scattering from bacterial colonies using scalar diffraction theory (2007)

A model for forward scattering from bacterial colonies is presented. The colonies of interest consist of approximately 10(12) - 10(13) individual bacteria densely packed in a configuration several millimeters in diameter and approximately 0.1-0.2 mm in thickness. The model is based on scalar diffraction theory and accounts for amplitude and phase modulation created by three macroscopic properties of the colonies: phase modulation due to the surface topography, phase modulation due to the radial structure observed from some strains and species, and diffraction from the outline of the colony. Phase contrast and confocal microscopy were performed to provide quantitative information on the shape and internal structure of the colonies. The computed results showed excellent agreement with the experimental scattering data for three different Listeria species: Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, and Listeria monocytogenes. The results provide a physical explanation for the unique and distinctive scattering signatures produced by colonies of closely related Listeria species and support the efficacy of forward scattering for rapid detection and classification of pathogens without tagging.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Pyridinone Derivatives as HIV‐1 Specific Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Part 1. Phthalimidoalkyl and ‐alkylamino Analogues. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A voltage doubling passive rectifier/regulator circuit for biomedical implants (2015)

A circuit called prectulator is proposed in this paper. It utilizes the output transistor (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pr</sub> ) of a linear regulator also as a passive rectifier for providing a regulated DC output from an AC input. The bulk voltage and the gate voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pr</sub> are biased by an auxiliary rectifier and an error amplifier (A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ), respectively. During startup and overload situations, overdriving M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pr</sub> may occur and is prevented by limiting V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> inside A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> . Using this technique, a voltage doubling prectulator was implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process. At 15MHz with a peak AC voltage of 3.6V, a power efficient of 87.7% and a voltage conversion ratio of 1.67 were achieved for a 6V output with a load power of 46.8mW.
Role of Graphitic Edge Plane Exposure in Carbon Nanostructures for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2010)

The role that nanostructure plays in carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is unclear. In this publication, the role that graphitic edge plane exposure in carbon-based ORR catalysts was examined using two types of nanofibers: one with high edge plane exposure and one with minimal edge plane exposure. These nanofibers were grown, acid oxidized, and then treated with ammonia to incorporate nitrogen. They were characterized using electron microscopy, hydrophobicity imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed oxidation experiments to verify their nanostructure, surface species, and overall composition. Rotating ring disk electrode experiments were performed to study their activity for ORR. It was found that nanostructure on its own is not a factor for improved ORR activity. Rather, nanofibers with high edge plane exposure, like stacked platelets, provide the appropriate locations for nitrogen to incorporate into the graphitic matrix. It was also found that gross nitrogen content did not play a role in ORR activity. Nitrogen had to be incorporated into the graphitic matrix, not attached as part of a surface functional group.
The Artificial Nerve Graft: A Comparison of Blended Elastomer-Hydrogel with Polyglycolic Acid Conduits (1991)

A study was undertaken to compare the regeneration of rat peroneal nerves across a 0.5-cm gap repaired with either a permanent, porous or a resorbable, non-porous artificial nerve graft. The resorbable, impermeable artificial nerve graft was a synthetic passive conduit made from polyglycolic acid (PGA). The permanent, porous artificial nerve graft conduit was manufactured from a hydrophilic elastomeric biopolymer (HEB), and four variations were tested. Qualitative histology on short-term animals revealed similar inflammatory reactions to HEB and PGA. Axonal regeneration was evaluated in longer-term animals after three, four, and six months by qualitative and quantitative histology. Qualitative histology on longer-term animals demonstrated both artificial nerve grafts to be anti-immunogenic. All PGA-artificial nerve graft repairs among three-, four-, and six-month rats contained myelinated axons, as did all HEB-1 repairs. However, three other HEB-graft varieties accounted for a 25 percent failed regeneration rate. Quantitative histologic comparison of repair-site cross-sections in viable PGA and HEB matched pairs demonstrated statistically equivalent myelinated axon counts but larger average myelinated fiber diameters in HEB repairs, with p = .001.
Fog Radio Access Networks: Mobility Management, Interference Mitigation and Resource Optimization (2017)

In order to make Internet connections ubiquitous and autonomous in our daily lives, maximizing the utilization of radio resources and social information is one of the major research topics in future mobile communication technologies. Fog radio access network (FRAN) is regarded as a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. FRAN integrates fog computing with RAN and makes full use of the edge of networks. FRAN would be different in networking, computing, storage and control as compared with conventional radio access networks (RAN) and the emerging cloud RAN. In this article, we provide a description of the FRAN architecture, and discuss how the distinctive characteristics of FRAN make it possible to efficiently alleviate the burden on the fronthaul, backhaul and backbone networks, as well as reduce content delivery latencies. We will focus on the mobility management, interference mitigation, and resource optimization in FRAN. Our simulation results show that the proposed FRAN architecture and the associated mobility and resource management mechanisms can reduce the signaling cost and increase the net utility for the RAN.
Adaptive ground clutter and noise filter based on dual-polarization spectral decompositions (2008)

In this paper, spectral decompositions of differential reflectivity, differential phase and co-polar correlation coefficient are used to discriminate between weather and non-weather signals. This approach gives a greater flexibility for discrimination between different types of scattering sources present in a radar observation volume. A spectral filter, which removes non-weather signals, is defined based on this method.
Toda fijeza es siempre momentánea. Reflexiones en torno a la recepción del premio N´AITUN (2007)

La autora escribe este texto con motivo de la recepcion del Premio Internacional N´AITUN, que recientemente le ha sido concedido en Chile. En las paginas que siguen, explica el proceso de gestacion del Proyecto ECOARTE que ella dirige y anima junto con un grupo de cientificos y artistas. El objetivo fundamental de este proyecto es vincular ciencia y arte en la aventura del conocimiento, para establecer visiones integradas e integradoras del mundo. Todo ello orientado a promover un mayor equilibrio ecologico y una adecuada equidad social.Los principios de un nuevo paradigma interpretativo de la realidad, los aportes de una ciencia con conciencia y con consciencia. Los lenguajes artisticos, son todos ellos parte de este proyecto, en el marco del cual se han realizado diversos seminarios transdisciplinarios, se han editado libros, han tenido lugar exposiciones de poesia y pintura, y se ha elaborado un Manifiesto de cientificos y artistas por el desarrollo sostenible.
An active endoscopic robot based on wireless power transmission and electromagnetic localization (2008)

The endoscopic robot is a promising tool for use by doctors, although further experiments and improvements need to be done.