gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Transthroracic Echocardiograpy and Transcranial Doppler With Contrast Agent for Detection of Patent Foramen Ovale With or Without the Valsalva Maneuver (2015)

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a remnant of the fetal circulation exist in 20% of the general population. The purpose of our study was to compare of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and contrast-transcranial Doppler sonography (c-TCD) in the diagnosis and quantification of PFO with or without the Valsalva maneuver (VM).We studied 106 patients with a high clinical suspicion for PFO prospectively. Simultaneous c-TCD and TTE were conducted using agitated saline solution to detect right to left shunt (RLS). To classify RLS, mainly PFO, we applied a 4-level visual classification for c-TCD test: no occurrence of micro-embolic signals; grade I, 1 to 10 signals; grade II, 10 to 30 signals but not curtain; and grade III, curtain pattern. We used the number of micro-bubbles appeared in left atrium per frame image to define classification for TTE test: no occurrence of micro-bubbles; grade I, 1 to 10 micro-bubbles; grade II, 10 to 30 micro-bubbles; and grade III, more than 30 micro-bubbles or left atrium nearly filled with micro-bubbles or left atrial opacity. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 18.0.RLS was detected in 36.0% in c-TCD test and in 46% in TTE test at rest (P = 0.158). And during the VM, RLS was detected in 99.0% in c-TCD test and in 83.0% in TTE test (P < 0.001). Compared with the positive results of c-TCD and TTE at rest, the positive results of them with VM is more higher, respectively (all P < 0.001). The VM obviously increased the number of micro-bubbles shunting.Both c-TCD and TTE should used as initial screening tool for PFO. VM increases the size of shunt. VM resulted in detection of more RLS both in c-TCD and TTE tests.
Chromatin assembly factor I contributes to the maintenance, but not the re-establishment, of silencing at the yeast silent mating loci (1998)

CAC1/RLF2 encodes the largest subunit of chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I), a complex that assembles newly synthesized histones onto recently replicated DNA in vitro. In vivo, cac1/rlf2 mutants are defective in telomeric silencing and mislocalize Rap1p, a telomere-binding protein. Here, we report that in cells lacking CAF-I the silent mating loci are derepressed partially. MATa cac1 cells exhibit an unusual response to alpha-factor: They arrest and form mating projections (shmoos) initially, but are unable to sustain the arrest state, giving rise to clusters of shmooing cells. cac1 MATa HMLa HMRa strains do not form these shmoo clusters, indicating that derepression of HMLalpha causes the shmoo cluster phenotype in cac1 cells. When SIR3 is reintroduced into sir1 sir3 cells, HML remains derepressed indicating that SIR1 is required for the re-establishment of silencing at HML. In contrast, when SIR3 is reintroduced into cac1 sir3 cells, silencing is restored to HML, indicating that CAF-I is not required for the re-establishment of silencing. Loss of the other CAF-I subunits (Cac2p and Cac3p/Msi1p) also results in the shmoo cluster phenotype, implying that loss of CAF-I activity gives rise to this unstable repression of HML. Strains carrying certain mutations in the amino terminus of histone H4 and strains with limiting amounts of Sir2p or Sir3p also form shmoo clusters, implying that the shmoo cluster phenotype is indicative of defects in maintenance of the structural integrity of silent chromatin. MATa cac- sir1 double mutants have a synergistic mating defect, suggesting that the two silencing mechanisms, establishment and maintenance, function cooperatively. We propose a model to explain the distinctions between the establishment and the maintenance of silent chromatin.
Advanced interposers with metalized through via (2015)

As electronic product becomes smaller and lighter with an increasing number of function, the demand for high density and high integration becomes stronger. Interposers for system in package will became more and more important for advanced electronic systems. Silicon interposers with through silicon vias (TSV) and back end of line (BEOL) wiring offer compelling benefits for 2.5D and 3D system integration; however, they are limited by high cost and high electrical loss. On the other hand, glass has many properties that make it an ideal substrate for interposer substrates such as; ultra high resistivity, adjustable thermal expansion (CTE) and manufacturability with large panel size. Furthermore, glass via formation capabilities have dramatically improved over the past several years. Fully populated wafers with >100,000 through holes (50μm diameter) are fabricated today with 300μm thick glass. This paper presents the demonstration of silicon and glass interposers with fine pitch metalized through via. High frequency transmission characteristics were measured with TSV and TGV co planer wave guide. Twin types of Cu metalized method, full filling plating and conformal plating are compared with process capability, electrical characteristics and reliability.
Immunoglobulin light chains activate nuclear factor-κB in renal epithelial cells through a Src-dependent mechanism (2010)

One of the major attendant complications of multiple myeloma is renal injury, which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in this disease. Monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) are usually directly involved, and tubulointerstitial renal injury and fibrosis are prominent histologic features observed in myeloma. The present study examined the role of monoclonal FLCs in altering the nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity of renal epithelial cells. Human proximal tubule epithelial cells exposed to 3 different human monoclonal FLCs demonstrated Src kinase-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway, which increased production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Tyrosine phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinases (IKKs) IKKα and IKKβ and a concomitant increase in inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase activity in cell lysates were observed. Time-dependent, Src kinase-dependent increases in serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB activity were also demonstrated. Proteasome inhibition partially blocked FLC-induced MCP-1 production. These findings fit into a paradigm characterized by FLC-induced redox-signaling events that activated the canonical and atypical (IKK-independent) NF-κB pathways to promote a proinflammatory, profibrotic renal environment.
Infrared spectroscopy of ferrihydrite: evidence for the presence of structural hydroxyl groups (1979)

Abstract IR spectroscopy has shown that adsorbed water is almost completely removed from ferrihydrite by evacuation at room temperature. Absorption bands at 3615 and 3430 cm −1 appearing thereafter are interpreted as arising from OH groups located respectively at the surface and deeper in the structure. These groups are readily converted to OD on treatment with D 2 O vapour and this has allowed the OH deformation vibration to be identified at 800 cm −1 . It is proposed that OH groups in ferrihydrite are about half as numerous as those in akaganéite ( β -FeOOH) and that they may occur in environments similar to those in this mineral. The formula for ferrihydrite proposed by earlier workers, 5 Fe 2 O 3 .9H 2 O, should thus be amended to Fe 2 O 3 . 2 FeOOH.2·6H 2 O in order to indicate the presence of structural OH groups. A re-appraisal of the ferrihydrite structure appears desirable.
Subnanosecond tunable distributed Bragg reflector lasers with an electrooptical Bragg section (1995)

For the first time, a DBR laser with an electrooptical Bragg section is reported for fast wavelength tuning operation. This structure is based on the photonic integration of a Fabry-Perot buried ridge stripe laser with a ridge waveguide modulator in which the grating is etched. By proper structure design and adjustment of the Franz-Keldysh quaternary gap used in the Bragg section, a 2.5-nm tuning range with six distinct modes is obtained for a -4 V voltage applied to the Bragg section. Under this tuning, the optical-output power variation is limited to 2.5 dB for a 370-/spl mu/m DBR length. Using this concept, we measured the best switching time between different wavelength channels ever reported on DBR lasers, on this device: 500 ps independently of the wavelength shift.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanosensing through YAP controls T cell activation and metabolism (2020)

Upon immunogenic challenge, lymph nodes become mechanically stiff as immune cells activate and proliferate within their encapsulated environments, and with resolution, they reestablish a soft baseline state. Here we show that sensing these mechanical changes in the microenvironment requires the mechanosensor YAP. YAP is induced upon activation and suppresses metabolic reprogramming of effector T cells. Unlike in other cell types in which YAP promotes proliferation, YAP in T cells suppresses proliferation in a stiffness-dependent manner by directly restricting the translocation of NFAT1 into the nucleus. YAP slows T cell responses in systemic viral infections and retards effector T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Our work reveals a paradigm whereby tissue mechanics fine-tune adaptive immune responses in health and disease.
EFFECT OF A THIN FILM ON THE HEAT DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN A STATIONARY PIN AND A ROTATING DISK (1996)

Abstract An analytical model has been developed for the determination of the friction heat distribution coefficient at the sliding interface of a stationary pin and a rotating layered disk. First, we analyzed the temperature distribution of a disk with a thin film subjected to a moving factional heat flow traversing with constant speed over the film surface. In addition to the lateral surface boundary conditions, convective cooling from the side faces is considered. A quasi-stationary theory is applied by use of a finite Fourier transformation. The solution of the heat conduction problem for the stationary pin is trivial. The heat distribution between the pin and the disk was obtained by matching the average contact temperatures. The effect of the thin film on the surface temperature distribution was studied.
Feedback controlled laser system for safe and efficient reshaping of nasal cartilage (2010)

Laser septochondrocorrection (LSC) is a non-invasive, bloodless, painless procedure which takes only 10 minutes to complete and can be performed in outpatient settings. The efficacy and safety of this technology can be guarantied with the feed-back control system monitoring tissue characteristics in the course of laser treatment. Laser medical equipment for septochondrocorrection includes an Erbium doped glass fiber laser, special instrument, opto thermo mechanical contactor, and feed back control system measuring temperature on the nasal septum surface and switching the laser off
when preset value of temperature is achieved. To the date LSC procedure has been applied for 380 patients, aging from 12 until 68 years. The new laser equipment LRC-701 manufactured by Arcuo Medical Inc. was tested for 106 patients in Moscow and for 64 patients in Crete. The positive results habe been obtained for 95 percent of the patients with two years follow-up. No age limitation, no complications and negative secondary effects were observed.
A high-efficiency class-F GaN HEMT power amplifier with a diode predistortion linearizer (2008)

The class-F amplifier has high-efficiency, but shows specific distortion behavior. AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics of the series diode linearizer have been designed to cancel those of the class-F power amplifier by controlling the bias voltage and the bias feed resistance of the diode. With the diode predistortion linearizer, the IMD3 of the 1-watt 1.9-GHz class-F GaN HEMT power amplifier is improved by 4 dB over power outputs 6 to 23 dBm. The drain efficiency of the amplifier with the linearizer is not reduced that much. The diode linearizer has IMD3 asymmetry, and the effect of this on the linearization of the amplifier is discussed.
Mixed species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2002)

A simple catheter disk model system was used to study the development in vitro of mixed species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis, two organisms commonly found in catheter-associated infections. Two strains of S. epidermidis were used: a slime-producing wild type (strain RP62A) and a slime-negative mutant (strain M7). In mixed fungal-bacterial biofilms, both staphylococcal strains showed extensive interactions with C. albicans. The susceptibility of 48-h biofilms to fluconazole, vancomycin and mixtures of the drugs was determined colorimetrically. The results indicated that the extracellular polymer produced by S. epidermidis RP62A could inhibit fluconazole penetration in mixed fungal-bacterial biofilms. Conversely, the presence of C. albicans in a biofilm appeared to protect the slime-negative staphylococcus against vancomycin. Overall, the findings suggest that fungal cells can modulate the action of antibiotics, and that bacteria can affect antifungal activity in mixed fungal-bacterial biofilms.
C60Pd n : the first organometallic polymer of buckminsterfullerene (1992)

H. Nagashima, A. Nakaoka, Y. Saito, M. Kato, T. Kawanishi and K. Itoh, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 377 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000377
Indolopyridones Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase with a Novel Mechanism of Action (2006)

We have discovered a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors that block the polymerization reaction in a mode distinct from those of the nucleoside or nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). For this class of indolopyridone compounds, steady-state kinetics revealed competitive inhibition with respect to the nucleotide substrate. Despite substantial structural differences with classical chain terminators or natural nucleotides, these data suggest that the nucleotide binding site of HIV RT may accommodate this novel class of RT inhibitors. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the mechanism of action of the prototype compound indolopyridone-1 (INDOPY-1) using a variety of complementary biochemical tools. Time course experiments with heteropolymeric templates showed "hot spots" for inhibition following the incorporation of pyrimidines (T>C). Moreover, binding studies and site-specific footprinting experiments revealed that INDOPY-1 traps the complex in the posttranslocational state, preventing binding and incorporation of the next complementary nucleotide. The novel mode of action translates into a unique resistance profile. While INDOPY-1 susceptibility is unaffected by mutations associated with NNRTI or multidrug NRTI resistance, mutations M184V and Y115F are associated with decreased susceptibility, and mutation K65R confers hypersusceptibility to INDOPY-1. This resistance profile provides additional evidence for active site binding. In conclusion, this class of indolopyridones can occupy the nucleotide binding site of HIV RT by forming a stable ternary complex whose stability is mainly dependent on the nature of the primer 3' end.
Modelling fuel consumption and refuelling of autonomous vehicles (2018)

In our research we highlighted the problematic of the refuelling of autonomous vehicles. During the way to be full autonomous, the vehicles take over more and more driving function from the driver. It is lot of focus on automotive cyber security or trajectory following, but refuelling is not in the main researches. After reviewing the vehicle drivetrains, it was specified which to focus for further testing. In the second part of the article the main influencers of fuel consumption was listed based on a literature overview. Main aspects of the carried out test is listed and results helped us to refine the research direction. For modelling the refuelling of the vehicle it is an enabler to set realistic models for fuel consumption. Relevant researches were studied and these was extended with overview of refuelling studies. Based on these the main direction of our research was set.
Mocvd process modeling using in-situ reflectance test structure measurements for process control improvement (2005)

Process control methodology based on in-situ reflectance measurements can be used with a process model to reduce calibration runs in the development and manufacture of InGaAlAs lasers and modulators.
pH sensor based on boron nitride nanotubes (2009)

A submicrometer-sized pH sensor based on biotin-fluorescein-functionalized multiwalled BN nanotubes with anchored Ag nanoparticles is designed. Intrinsic pH-dependent photoluminescence and Raman signals in attached fluorescein molecules enhanced by Ag nanoparticles allow this novel nanohybrid to perform as a practical pH sensor. It is able to work in a submicrometer-sized space. For example, the sensor may determine the environmental pH of sub-units in living cells where a traditional optical fiber sensor fails because of spatial limitations.
Myosin alkali light chain and heavy chain variations correlate with altered shortening velocity of isolated skeletal muscle fibers. (1988)

This study examines the myosin isozyme heterogeneity (in terms of both alkali light chains and myosin heavy chains) among skeletal muscle fibers of the rabbit and correlates these isozyme differences with the differences in a contractile property, the velocity of unloaded shortening, of the fibers. The mean velocities of unloaded shortening (pCa 4.3; 12 degrees C) were as follows: psoas IIb fibers, 2.07 fiber lengths/s (n = 25); tibialis anterior (IIb) fibers, 1.63 fiber lengths/s (n = 18); vastus intermedius IIa fibers, 0.98 fiber lengths/s (n = 15); fibers (IIa) from chronically stimulated tibialis anterior, 0.86 fiber lengths/s (n = 16). Peptide maps of the myosins showed that the myosin heavy chains of the two groups of IIb fibers were indistinguishable from each other, but different from the heavy chains of the IIa fibers. However, the difference in maximal shortening velocity of the two groups of IIb fibers was correlated with a difference in the alkali light chain ratio deduced from the intensity ratio of myosin isoforms separated by gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. The vastus intermedius (IIa) and chronically stimulated tibialis anterior (IIa) fibers were indistinguishable in terms of either velocities of unloaded shortening or myosin isozyme contents. Soleus fibers contained only slow-twitch myosin. Thus, among fibers that contained a variety of myosin isozymes, differences in shortening velocities were correlated with the alkali light chain ratio, myosin heavy chain type, or a combination of both.
Comparative preclinical evaluation of AS01 versus other Adjuvant Systems in a candidate herpes zoster glycoprotein E subunit vaccine (2016)

The candidate vaccine HZ/su is being developed to prevent herpes-zoster disease (HZ). HZ occurrence is attributed to declines in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specific T-cell immunity. HZ/su contains VZV antigen, gE, and Adjuvant System AS01<sub>B</sub> (liposome-based formulation of MPL and QS-21). In clinical trials, AS01<sub>B</sub> enhances CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to gE. In clinical trials of other vaccines, Adjuvant Systems AS03 and AS04 also enhance antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses. Hence the purpose of this study was to evaluate gE formulated with AS01<sub>B</sub>, AS01<sub>E</sub> (50% less MPL and QS-21 than AS01<sub>B</sub>), AS03 or AS04 in C57BL6 mice primed with live-attenuated VZV. Four-weeks post-vaccination, the gE-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell response to gE/AS01<sub>B</sub> was 5.4, 2.8 and 2.2-fold greater than those to gE/AS03, gE/AS04 and gE/AS03, respectively (p<0.001). Therefore in the VZV-primed mouse model, CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to gE appeared most enhanced by AS01<sub>B</sub>, and adds further support for the use of AS01<sub>B</sub> in the HZ/su formulation.
The Effect of Hemp Essential Oil on Mortality Aulacorthum Solani Kalt. And Tetranychus Urticae Koch (2016)

Abstract Investigations concerning the effect of hemp oil on mortality of the foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kalt.) and the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were conducted in the years 2014-2015. The tested essential oil was produced at the Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants in Poznan. It was obtained by steam distillation of fresh panicles of Polish hemp cultivars, Beniko, Bialobrzeskie and Silesia, with low cannabinoid contents, including THC (max. 0.2% plant fresh matter). The effect of essential oil on the investigated pests was determined following the application of aqueous emulsion solution at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1%. Mortality of agrophages was determined 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. In this study a very high efficacy of the essential oil produced from hemp panicles was found in the reduction of population size of the foxglove aphid (A. solani). Already at 24 h after its application at a concentration of 0.1% pest mortality rate was 98.20%, while after 48 h it reached 100%. A significant, although much lesser effect of oil on the aphid population was recorded when applying it at 0.05%, with the mortality rate of the true bug after 72 h amounting to 57.33%. Essential oil also showed an effect on the two spotted spider mite (T. urticae). Following the oil application, irrespective of its concentration, a significant effect on mite mortality was observed. Its action was the strongest at its highest concentration, ie 0.1%, while mortality of the pest at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment was 83.28, 95.83 and 98.72%, respectively.
An Affinity Probe for Isolation of Abscisic Acid-Binding Proteins (2005)

An affinity probe has been developed for isolation of receptor proteins that bind the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The structural features required for biological activity have been preserved, and the probe has been demonstrated to bind to known ABA-binding proteins.
Study of Bacteriocin as a Food Preservative and the L. acidophilus Strain as Probiotic (2009)

Bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain was isolated from the gut of marine prawn (Penaeus monodon). This bacteriocin has broad range of antibacterial activity against major food born pathogens. Maximum bacteriocin production was observed at temperature 50°C, pH 4 and 0.9% sodium chloride. The bacteriocin was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitate and ion exchange (DEAE cellulose) chromatography. Biochemically it was pure protein moiety and its molecular weight was 2.5 KDa. This study revealed the possibility of using bacteriocin as a food preservative and the L. acidophilus strain as probiotic.