gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis (2020)

Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess association between a composite clinical outcome (severe infection/ required ICU admission/ death) of COVID-19 pneumonia and demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of these patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science till July. Relative risk (RRs), standardized mean difference (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. We described overall estimates of relevant data of clinical importance from 116,260 COVID-19 pneumonia patients including 19,628 with composite end points from 40 observational studies of 5 countries. Results: The result showed that male gender (RR=1.24, p 64 years (RR=2.52, P <.001) followed aggravated course. Delayed hospitalization (SMD=.75, p= 0.005), presence of co-morbidity (RR= 1.76, p<.001) and multiple co-morbidities (RR=1.50, p<.001) were associated with higher risk of fatal course. Pooled data reported significantly high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (SMD=10.79, p<.001), low lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (SMD=-3.89, p<.001), low platelet count (SMD=-1.622, p<.001), prolonged prothrombin time (SMD=0.98, p<.001), high lactate dehydrogenase (SMD=6.260, p<.001), D-dimer (SMD=1.92, p<.001), creatine kinase (SMD=1.68, p= 0.001) and interleukin-6 level (SMD=2.84, P=.001) in patients with fatal outcome. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests did not reveal any significant publication bias. Conclusions: Features like older age, male gender, presence of co-morbidities and delayed hospitalization along with the laboratory findings consistent with infection, immune system activation, coagulation disorder and tissue damage could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 9(3):121-135.
Fluorimetric measurement of the activity of surface-immobilized monolayers of enzyme using a dual emission probe (1994)

A sensitive assay for measurement of the activity of hydrolase enzymes that are immobilized onto quartz and silicon dioxide surfaces was developed. Measurements are based on the changes of the fluorescence properties of the probe carboxy-seminaptharhodafluor-X that are caused by pH variations associated with the reaction of urea with urease. The results indicated a loss of activity in 8 days, and a half-life of 3 days, when urease was immobilized onto quartz surfaces that were first derivatized with a 16-carbon spacer chain.
The design of mode evolution couplers (1998)

The design of an optical switch based on a directional coupler with tapered velocity and tapered coupling is investigated. The physical principle is based on power transfer by the evolution of a single normal mode. We consider cases where the coupling coefficient and guide mismatch variation are determined by optimized shape functions related to rectangle, raised cosine, Hamming, and Blackman window functions. Following simplified analysis by coupled mode theory, the physical parameters of the device are determined and the predicted performance is verified by the method of lines. Significant improvement in sidelobe levels and coupling length ran be obtained by careful design.
Verification of the sub-nanometric capability of an NPL differential plane mirror interferometer with a capacitance probe (1998)

A differential plane mirror interferometer developed at the NPL has been built into a system designed to calibrate and certify displacement transducers. Two electrical signals generated from the optical outputs of the interferometer and a voltage output of the transducer to be calibrated are read by a computer and mathematically analysed in order to calculate the proportionality and linearity of the displacement transducer. In order to realize the highest measurement accuracy from the interferometer the interferogram signals are analysed and corrected by an optimizing routine in order to interpolate the fractioning of the optical fringes accurately. Without computer optimization of the signals a standard deviation of measurement of a few nanometres is typical, whereas after optimization this is reduced to a fraction of a nanometre. The interferometer has been used to calibrate a high-precision capacitance probe and the results of these measurements are shown and discussed.
A compact common-mode suppression filter using modified ground structure for high speed digital interconnects on multi-layered PCB (2014)

A compact common-mode suppression filter is proposed by employing the modified ground structure (MGS) for high speed digital interconnects using differential signals on the multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB). It consists of two folded U-shaped slot resonators and arranged via-holes. It has compact size of 0.073λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> × 0.225λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> when the center frequency is 5.2 GHz. A test board is fabricated on four-layered PCB through an optimizing process for verifying effects of the proposed MSG structure. The proposed MGS can suppress the common-mode noise over 10 dB from 4.34 to 6.07 GHz in the frequency domain and over 52% of amplitude in the time domain. Furthermore, the proposed filter still keeps good signal integrity characteristics with regard to the insertion loss of differential-mode signals. It is clear that the proposed filter structure can apply to the multi-layered PCB of commercial mobile devices due to its compact size and have some advantages such as wide bandwidth, gigahertz frequency range, low cost, and PCB embedded design‥
ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS OF ACYL TRANSFER BY LEWIS ACIDS AND NUCLEOPHILES. A REVIEW (2000)

(2000). ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS OF ACYL TRANSFER BY LEWIS ACIDS AND NUCLEOPHILES. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 331-365.
Atomically precise superlattice potential imposed on a two-dimensional electron gas (1991)

We have been able to fabricate a two-dimensional electron gas containing an atomically precise, lateral Kronig–Penney potential of 102 Å periodicity. The structure was formed by modulation-doped molecular beam epitaxy overgrowth on the cleaved edge of a 71 Å GaAs/31 Å AlGaAs compositional superlattice. Low-temperature magnetotransport reveals clear quantum Hall characteristics. From the onset of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations at 0.25 T we deduce a lower limit of the mobility of μ≳40 000 cm2/V s at an electron density of 3.0×1011 cm−2 and infer that the carriers are crossing more than 200 GaAs/AlGaAs interfaces without losing phase coherence.
Substrate-free structures of iron-doped Ni-Mn-Ga thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (2007)

We discuss the preparation of thin films of ferromagnetic shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga alloys on NaCl using pulsed laser deposition and present a simple way to release the film from its substrate and to realize free-standing Ni-Mn-Ga structures.
Cost–utility analysis of the GC versus MVAC regimens for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (2004)

A cost-utility analysis was conducted to compare the gemcitabine (Gemzar)/cisplatin and methotrexate/vinblastine(Velban)/doxorubicin (Doxil)/cisplatin regimens in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. The analysis combined the results of a cost analysis of a head-to-head Phase III clinical trial with those from a cross-sectional utility study. The analysis was performed from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales. Medical resource use was obtained from the clinical trial database, from which patient-level cost streams were estimated for each treatment group. Unit costs for each resource utilization component were sought from the latest UK cost sources available at the time of analysis (2001). The distribution of the mean total and incremental costs for each group was simulated via bias-adjusted bootstrapping. Time trade-off utilities were derived from the utility study, which aimed to value the superior toxicity profile associated with gemcitabine/cisplatin, given comparable efficacy, in a discrete choice model assessing toxicity attributes and risks. The mean incremental cost of gemcitabine/cisplatin over methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin was estimated to be approximately pound sterling 2976 per patient, based on a mean of 4.65 cycles per patient treated with gemcitabine/cisplatin compared with a mean of 3.92 cycles per methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin patient. When combined with the utility estimates, this resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of approximately pound sterling 22,925 per quality-adjusted life year gained associated with the choice of gemcitabine/cisplatin over methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin. A 95% confidence interval for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated to range from pound sterling 12,911 to 33,589 per quality-adjusted life year gained. The incremental cost of gemcitabine/cisplatin is primarily due to the direct costs of chemotherapy given minimal cost offsets. However, an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year ratio in the range of pound sterling 20,000-30,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained suggested that the regimen is reasonable value for money in England and Wales.
Modelling and Control of the Wavestar Prototype (2011)

In the field of wave energy it is well known that control of point absorbers is essential in order to increase energy capture from waves. Correspondingly, advanced control is an integrated part of the Wavestar design. This paper presents the control method, referred to as the Wave Power Extraction Algorithm (WPEA), applied to the full-scale Wavestar Prototype for maximizing energy extraction. The WPEA is optimized based on simulations of the point absorbers in different sea states. Hence, a presentation of a hydrodynamic model of the Wavestar is included in the paper. A simplified Power Take-Off (PTO) is also added to the model, enabling the optimization of the WPEA to take into account the PTO constraints of PTO bandwidth and force limitations. The predicted results of the optimized WPEA are compared to real measurements from theWavestar Prototype, showing good compliance.
Culture Systems: Single Step (2012)

Culture media to support development of zygotes to the blastocyst stage is based either on a single medium or sequential (two-step) media. Single medium culture either with or without day 3 renewal is associated with simplified laboratory protocols and lower costs compared with sequential medium. There are currently insufficient clinical data to conclude that one system, either single or sequential, is superior to the other with regard to clinical performance. This chapter summarizes the rationale for use of a single medium, along with supporting animal and human data for culturing embryos in a single medium, renewed or not renewed.
Topical application of green and white tea extracts provides protection from solar‐simulated ultraviolet light in human skin (2009)

Topical application of green and white tea offered protection against detrimental effects of UV on cutaneous immunity. Such protection is not because of direct UV absorption or sunscreen effects as both products showed a sun protection factor of 1. There was no significant difference in the levels of protection afforded by the two agents. Hence, both green tea and white tea are potential photoprotective agents that may be used in conjunction with established methods of sun protection.
한국의 2년제대학의 일본어학습자의 니즈조사를 통한 일본어교육 (2009)

글로벌시대에 인터넷등의 정보유통등으로 일본어학습자는 늘고 있으며 일본어는 국제어가 되어가고 있다. 그 영향은 일본어교육에 있어서도 학습자의 니즈가 다양화 개별화 전문화가 되어가고 있다. 그러므로 학습자의 니즈에 맞는 교육목표도 다양화되어가야 하며 교사는 그것을 어떻게 대처하여야 하는가가 2008년도 일본어교육학회의 기획테마의 주제발표했던 것을 중심으로 한다. 2009년도의 1학년학습자와 2학년학습자의 니즈를 조사하여 분석한다. 금후의 2년제 대학의 학습자의 니즈에 대처하는 일본어교육의 내용과 방법을 검토할 때 활용하고자 한다. 조사결과 2009年의 1·2年학습자는 2008年의 2학년학습자보다 니즈가 다양하다. 필요로 하며 학습하고 싶은 항목은 2008년 2학년학습자는 1)신문이나 잡지보는 것 2)테레비로 드라마나 영화를 보는 것 3) 간단한 통역을 할 수 있는 것 4) 스피치를 하는 충분한 일본어를 익히는 것이다. 5) 한자, 숙어를 익히는 것이다. 2009년도의 １학년학습자는 1위는 1)일터에서 일본어를 사용하여 의사소통이 가능하다 2)한자·숙어를 익힌다. 3)간단한 통역을 할 수 있다. 4)텔레비전 라디오로 뉴스를 듣는 것 5)일본요리를 배운다 길을 물으면서 목적지까지 간다 2009년도 2학년학습자는 1위는 1)일터에서 일본어를 사용하여 의사소통이 가능하다 2)일본이나 자기나라에 관해 이야기 한다, 혼자서 병원에 간다, 백화점에서 쇼핑을 한다, 텔레비전에서의 일기예보를 알아 듣는다, 간단한 통역을 할 수 있다, 전화를 받아 대답한다. 1위 2위 순위를 정하기 힘들 정도로 공통니즈가 거의 없고 선택 항목이 35개이상이 나왔다. 개개인의 학습자의 니지가 다 다르다. 이 니즈에 대응하는 능력은 교사에게서 요구되는 것이다. 니즈조사에서 얻어진 것을 기본으로 커리큐럼 코스 디자인을 행하여 수업을 진행하다면 학습효과를 올리는 계기가 될 것이다. 일본인과 이야기를 나누는 대상은 학교선생님이 80프로 이상을 차지하여 일본원어민 교사를 대폭 늘릴 필요가 있다. 일본문화에 대한 관심이 많아 그 분야의 코스를 만들어 목적에 맞는 일본어교육내용을 정비하여야 한다. 교육방법도 니즈에 맞추어 세분화되고 다양화되어가야 한다고 생각한다. 또한 니즈에 맞는 특색을 가진 교사양성이 필요하다. 그것을 개인레벨에서 대처하는 것이 아니라 공동프로젝트로 함께 하는 교육의 장을 설정할 필요가 있다.
Phosphomimetic Mutation of Ser-187 of SNAP-25 Increases both Syntaxin Binding and Highly Ca2+-sensitive Exocytosis (2007)

The phosphorylation targets that mediate the enhancement of exocytosis by PKC are unknown. PKC phosporylates the SNARE protein SNAP-25 at Ser-187. We expressed mutants of SNAP-25 using the Semliki Forest Virus system in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells and then directly measured the Ca2+ dependence of exocytosis using photorelease of caged Ca2+ together with patch-clamp capacitance measurements. A flash of UV light used to elevate [Ca2+](i) to several microM and release the highly Ca2+-sensitive pool (HCSP) of vesicles was followed by a train of depolarizing pulses to elicit exocytosis from the less Ca2+-sensitive readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles. Carbon fiber amperometry confirmed that the amount and kinetics of catecholamine release from individual granules were similar for the two phases of exocytosis. Mimicking PKC phosphorylation with expression of the S187E SNAP-25 mutant resulted in an approximately threefold increase in the HCSP, whereas the response to depolarization increased only 1.5-fold. The phosphomimetic S187D mutation resulted in an approximately 1.5-fold increase in the HCSP but a 30% smaller response to depolarization. In vitro binding assays with recombinant SNARE proteins were performed to examine shifts in protein-protein binding that may promote the highly Ca2+-sensitive state. The S187E mutant exhibited increased binding to syntaxin but decreased Ca2+-independent binding to synaptotagmin I. Mimicking phosphorylation of the putative PKA phosphorylation site of SNAP-25 with the T138E mutation decreased binding to both syntaxin and synaptotagmin I in vitro. Expressing the T138E/ S187E double mutant in chromaffin cells demonstrated that enhancing the size of the HCSP correlates with an increase in SNAP-25 binding to syntaxin in vitro, but not with Ca2+-independent binding of SNAP-25 to synaptotagmin I. Our results support the hypothesis that exocytosis triggered by lower Ca2+ concentrations (from the HCSP) occurs by different molecular mechanisms than exocytosis triggered by higher Ca2+ levels.
B cell/antibody tolerance to our own antigens (2004)

The lymphoid system normally mounts damaging responses to infectious pathogens while avoiding equally damaging responses to self. A notable number of antibodies to self antigens are formed but normally remain at levels below the damaging threshold, only temporarily rising to damaging levels during protective responses against infectious nonself. Many mechanisms regulate the level of autoantibodies and anti-self B cells including deletion, anergy, ignorance for antigen, receptor editing, coinhibition, competition for resources to sustain B cell responses, and apoptotic denouement of damaging responses following the ejection or containment of foreign invaders. While infectious events may encourage immune responses to self antigens, infectious events tend also to strengthen regulatory mechanisms. When regulatory mechanisms do not function properly, abnormal damaging responses to self antigens may occur. While defects in a single regulatory mechanism may result in autoimmunity, this eventuality usually happens only on permissive genetic backgrounds; this indicates that weakness in other regulatory mechanisms may be necessary to result in the emergence of damaging responses to self antigens. The immune system and its regulatory mechanisms are not simple, as one would expect of a homoeostatic process that also has the ability to expand enormously when challenged and to contract rapidly when threats pass. These processes that avoid damaging anti-self B cells are much more complicated than that envisaged in standard two signal models. Simple signals through the B cell antigen-receptor probably encourage B cell survival and receptivity, while other signals (costimulatory or coinhibitory) promote B cell stimulation or non-stimulation/inactivation.
Exciton saturation in electrically biased quantum wells (1990)

We have measured the heavy hole excitation saturation intensity in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells as a function of applied electric field and AlGaAs barrier design. We find that the saturation intensity increased with increasing applied field, and decreasing barrier thickness or height, because of increased carrier sweep-out rates. Time-resolved sweep-out time and temperature-dependent saturation intensity measurement point out the roles of both thermionic emission and tunneling in the field and barrier-dependent carrier escape time. By reducing the barrier Al composition from 30 to 20%, we achieved an increase in the saturation intensity by a factor of ∼6.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited at very high growth rates by an expanding Ar–H2–SiH4 plasma (2001)

The properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) deposited at very high growth rates (6–80 nm/s) by means of a remote Ar–H2–SiH4 plasma have been investigated as a function of the H2 flow in the Ar–H2 operated plasma source. Both the structural and optoelectronic properties of the films improve with increasing H2 flow, and a-Si:H suitable for the application in solar cells has been obtained at deposition rates of 10 nm/s for high H2 flows and a substrate temperature of 400 °C. The “optimized” material has a hole drift mobility which is about a factor of 10 higher than for standard a-Si:H. The electron drift mobility, however, is slightly lower than for standard a-Si:H. Furthermore, preliminary results on solar cells with intrinsic a-Si:H deposited at 7 nm/s are presented. Relating the film properties to the SiH4 dissociation reactions reveals that optimum film quality is obtained for conditions where H from the plasma source governs SiH4 dissociation and where SiH3 contributes dominantly to film growth. Conditions where ion-induced dissociation reactions of SiH4 prevail and where the contribution of SiH3 to film growth is much smaller lead to inferior film properties. A large contribution of very reactive (poly)silane radicals is suggested as the reason for this inferior film quality. Furthermore, a comparison with film properties and process conditions of other a-Si:H deposition techniques is presented.
Reproducibility of a Standardized Actigraphy Scoring Algorithm for Sleep in a US Hispanic/Latino Population (2015)

With use of a standardized algorithm to set rest intervals, scoring of actigraphy for the purpose of generating a wide array of sleep variables is highly reproducible.
Evaluation of acid‐labile <scp><i>S</i></scp>‐protecting groups to prevent Cys racemization in Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis (2013)

Phosphonium and uronium salt-based reagents enable efficient and effective coupling reactions and are indispensable in peptide chemistry, especially in machine-assisted SPPS. However, after the activating and coupling steps with these reagents in the presence of tertiary amines, Fmoc derivatives of Cys are known to be considerably racemized during their incorporation. To avoid this side reaction, a coupling method mediated by phosphonium/uronium reagents with a weaker base, such as 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, than the ordinarily used DIEA or that by carbodiimide has been recommended. However, these methods are appreciably inferior to the standard protocol applied for SPPS, that is, a 1 min preactivation procedure of coupling with phosphonium or uronium reagents/DIEA in DMF, in terms of coupling efficiency, and also the former method cannot reduce racemization of Cys(Trt) to an acceptable level (<1.0%) even when the preactivation procedure is omitted. Here, the 4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylmethyl and 4-methoxybenzyloxymethyl groups were demonstrated to be acid-labile S-protecting groups that can suppress racemization of Cys to an acceptable level (<1.0%) when the respective Fmoc derivatives are incorporated via the standard SPPS protocol of phosphonium or uronium reagents with the aid of DIEA in DMF. Furthermore, these protecting groups significantly reduced the rate of racemization compared to the Trt group even in the case of microwave-assisted SPPS performed at a high temperature.
A Circuit-Compatible SPICE model for Enhancement Mode Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (2006)

This paper presents a circuit-compatible compact model for short channel length (5 nm~100 nm), quasi-ballistic single wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). For the first time, a universal circuit-compatible CNFET model was implemented with HSPICE. This model includes practical device non-idealities, e.g. the quantum confinement effects in both circumferential and channel length direction, the acoustical/optical phonon scattering in channel region and the resistive source/drain, as well as the real time dynamic response with a transcapacitance array. This model is valid for CNFET for a wide diameter range and various chiralities as long as the carbon nanotube (CNT) is semiconducting
Gordonia alkanivorans sp. nov., isolated from tar-contaminated soil (1999)

Twelve bacterial strains isolated from tar-contaminated soil were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strains possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquinone, long-chain mycolic acids of the Gordonia-type, straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and considerable amounts of tuberculostearic acid. The G + C content of the DNA was 68 mol%. Chemotaxonomic and physiological properties and 16S rDNA sequence comparison results indicated that these strains represent a new species of the genus Gordonia. Because of the ability of these strains to use alkanes as a carbon source, the name Gordonia alkanivorans is proposed. The type strain of Gordonia alkanivorans sp. nov. is strain HKI 0136T (= DSM 44369T).
Gangliosides in Thermal Adaptation: Towards a Physicochemical Model of Ganglioside Function. (1998)

異なる気候環境に生息する変温脊椎動物の脳や、哺乳類の個体発生の間や季節による体温変動時の脳ガングリオシド組成を比較分析することにより、神経膜の温度適応にガングリオシドが関与しているという考えが支持された。魚の実験的低温順化によって引き起こされるガングリオシド組成の変化から、「環境温度が低いほど脳ガングリオシドに極性成分が増加する」という規則が確認された。人工的に作成した単分子膜および二重膜モデル系で得られた証拠は、ガングリオシドやガングリオシド-カルシウム相互作用の膜表面における挙動が温度感受性であることを明らかにした。二重膜に組み込まれたペプチドチャネルの温度依存性のカイネティックスを、ガングリオシドが劇的に変化させるとういう最新のデータは、ガングリオシドが膜の根本的な性質を調節し得ることを示唆している。in vivo および in vitro で得られたこれらの結果の意味するところを、神経膜でのガングリオシド機能の普遍的な生理化学的モデルの探求という観点から考察した。