gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regiodefined substituted poly(2,5‐thienylene)s (1993)

Abstract The polymerization of 3,3″‐dialkylterthiophenes overcomes the lack of regiospecificity associated (to some extent) with all the polymerization methods in use, thus allowing the preparation of perfectly regioregular polymers endowed with enhanced electrical and optical properties. Moreover, the larger spacing of the alkyl chains achieved with the insertion of an unsubstituted thiophene unit confers to such regioregular polymers an extraordinary doping stability. Two regiochemically defined alkoxy‐substituted terthiophenes were also polymerized and the effects of the effects of the presence and position of the alkoxy group on the polymerization reaction and on the polymer properties are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Materials and Devices toward Fully Solution Processable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been successfully developed and have now entered the commercial marketplace. Besides the impressive performance as displays, one of the key advantages of OLEDs is that they can potentially be made entirely by solution process and thus are more suitable for low cost, large area flexible displays and white lighting panels. To realize this, many efforts have been devoted on the development of solution processable light-emitting materials and charge transporting materials as well as electrode materials, which have resulted in the successful demonstration of high performance fully solution processed OLEDs and have opened a way to achieve all printable roll-to-roll organic optoelectronic devices.
Untangling the role of amyloid in atherosclerosis (2006)

Given the substantial evidence that amyloid fibrils or preamyloidogenic species are cytotoxic, the aberrant deposition of amyloid in the intima may be pathologically important in vascular inflammation and the promotion of atherosclerosis.
A FPGA-BASED ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLING SYSTEM (2009)

A FPGA-based system suitable for augmented reality audio ap-plications is presented. The sample application described here is adaptive noise cancellation (ANC). The system consists of a Spar-tan-3 FPGA XC3S400 board connected to a Philips Stereo-Audio-Codec UCB 1400. The algorithms for the FIR filtering and for the adaption of the filter coefficients according to the Widrow-Hoff LMS algorithm are implemented on the FPGA board. Measurement results obtained with a dummy head measuring sys-tem are reported, and a detailed analysis of system performance and possible system improvements is given. 1.
The Ocular Effects of Xylazine in Rabbits, Cats, and Monkeys (1986)

Xylazine is an agent frequently used in combination with ketamine to anesthetize rabbits. Xylazine is also related pharmacologically to clonidine, a relatively selective alpha 2-agonist. In the present studies, xylazine was examined for its effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in rabbits, cats and monkeys and on noradrenergic function in the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation. Topical and unilateral administration of xylazine (1.0 mg) lowered IOP bilaterally in normal, unanesthetized rabbits, cats and monkeys and caused unilateral miosis in rabbits and cats. These ocular effects of xylazine were attenuated in superior cervical ganglionectomized (SX) cats and rabbits. In addition, intra-arterially administered xylazine (10, 33 and 100 micrograms) produced dose-related inhibition of contractions of the CNM elicited by electrically stimulating the pre- and postganglionic sympathetic trunks without altering the response to i.a. norepinephrine (10 micrograms). These data suggest that ocular effects of xylazine are mediated, in part, by alteration of sympathetic neuron function. Xylazine suppressed ocular hypertension induced by water loading and IOP recovery rate following hypertonic saline infusion in rabbits suggesting that aqueous flow was inhibited. Topical pretreatment with 0.05 mg of timolol caused potentiation of the ocular hypotensive response to 0.05 mg of xylazine in rabbits. These results indicate that xylazine lowers IOP, in part, by suppressing sympathetic neuronal function which causes a reduction in aqueous flow. The augmented response to timolol and xylazine, as compared with either agent alone, suggests a rational basis for combining a prejunctionally active agent with a postjunctionally active one.
Unsupervised Singing Voice Conversion (2019)

We present a deep learning method for singing voice conversion. The proposed network is not conditioned on the text or on the notes, and it directly converts the audio of one singer to the voice of another. Training is performed without any form of supervision: no lyrics or any kind of phonetic features, no notes, and no matching samples between singers. The proposed network employs a single CNN encoder for all singers, a single WaveNet decoder, and a classifier that enforces the latent representation to be singer-agnostic. Each singer is represented by one embedding vector, which the decoder is conditioned on. In order to deal with relatively small datasets, we propose a new data augmentation scheme, as well as new training losses and protocols that are based on backtranslation. Our evaluation presents evidence that the conversion produces natural signing voices that are highly recognizable as the target singer.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of TlInGaAsN semiconductor system and their annealing-induced structural changes (2010)

TlInGaAsN thin films grown by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the Tl incorporation and to study the annealing-induced transformation of the atomic configurations. XPS analysis revealed that the Tl composition in the grown TlInGaAsN is around 1.5% and that the dominant atomic configuration of the TlInGaAsN changes from the In–As and Ga–N bonds to the In–N and Ga–As bonds by 700 °C rapid thermal annealing. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping measurements showed that no significant out-diffusion of the elements occurs in the TlInGaAsN/TlGaAsN quantum wells (QWs) even after the same annealing. It is concluded that the blueshift in the photoluminescence peak for the TlInGaAsN/TlGaAsN QWs after annealing is attributed to the transformation of the atomic configuration in TlInGaAsN.
Heart Rate and Lactate Levels During Weight-Training Exercise in Trained and Untrained Men (1987)

In brief: The effects of squatting exercise on heart rate and blood lactate levels were studied in five trained and five untrained men between the ages of 22 and 37. The subjects performed squats (sets of ten repetitions until exhaustion), resting for 2 1/2 minutes between sets. Total positive work was estimated with the following formula: (bar mass + body mass) X vertical displacement X repetitions. Heart rate, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured immediately before exercise, after each set, and five minutes after reaching exhaustion. The trained subjects performed more total work and had higher heart rates and lactate levels at exhaustion than the untrained subjects, though heart rates and lactate levels were lower for trained subjects at a given bar mass or submaximal work load. The findings suggest that weight training may cause adaptations that result in reduced fatigue and/or enhanced recovery.
Distribution transformer cooling system improvement by innovative tank panel geometries (2012)

Increase of temperature rise and hot spot values affects dramatically transformer aging and life expectancy. The present article investigates several improved designs of ONAN transformer cooling system by means of advanced numerical heat transfer-fluid flow model. Novel tank designs are examined in conjunction with other crucial parameters, as the number and location of the winding cooling ducts, so as to define the best geometry that ensures maximum efficiency of the transformer cooling system, with the aim of expanding transformer lifetime.
Rotational Isomerism in Fluorene Derivatives. III. The Conformation of 9-(9-Fluorenyl)-9-(2-substituted 9-fluorenyl)fluorene Derivatives (1979)

Abstract The conformations of 9,9-di(9-fluorenyl)fluorene derivatives (1) with substituents at the 2- or 2,7-positions in a terminal fluorene ring were illustrated by the gauche-gauche forms at room temperature. DNMR studies of 1 gave the values of about 85–88 kJ/mol for the free energy of activation (ΔG\eweq) for the restricted rotation around the C(9)–C(9) bonds. The conformation of 9,9-di(9-fluorenyl) fluorene, the parent compound of 1, was also shown to the only gauche-gauche (+sc, +sc or −sc, −sc) form at room temperature.
Green and Yellow Electroluminescent Dipolar Carbazole Derivatives:  Features and Benefits of Electron-Withdrawing Segments (2002)

New multiply substituted carbazole derivatives containing fluorene or phenylene conjugated oxadiazole segments and quinoxaline units were obtained by palladium-catalyzed C−N coupling reactions. They are amorphous with the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range 104−176 °C. The emission color of the materials varies from blue to yellow and is dependent on the nature of the electron-withdrawing segments and solvents. Two reversible one-electron oxidations were observed for these molecules in cyclic voltammograms, which originate from the peripheral 3,6-diarylamino units in the 3,6,9-trisubstituted derivatives and diarylamine and carbazole segments in the 3,9-disubstituted compounds. Reductions originating from quinoxaline segments were also located for the molecules incorporating quinoxaline moieties. The double-layer organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using these compounds as hole-transporting/emitting layers and TPBI or Alq3 as an electron-transporting layer emit bluish green to yellow colors. The recombination zone is restricted in the HTL layer for the quinoxaline-containing molecules irrespective of the electron-transporting layer used and emission occurs from them. However, for the oxadiazole derivatives emission in the Alq3-based devices is either red-shifted or resembles that of Alq3. Cyclic voltammetric and spectroscopic data support more pronounced electron affinity for the quinoxaline-incorporated carbazole derivatives than for the oxadiazole-tethered carbazole materials.
Dual purpose Prussian blue nanoparticles for cellular imaging and drug delivery: a new generation of T1-weighted MRI contrast and small molecule delivery agents (2010)

A simple and improved aqueous synthetic procedure using flash heating for preparing biocompatible Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with the single-crystal-like feature was developed. This method entailed the use of citric acid as a chelator to complex ferric ions in the precursor and as an in situ capping agent to prevent the PB nanoparticles formed in solution from aggregation. The citrate-coated PBNPs, which can be surface functionalized with small molecules, were readily internalized by cells and exhibited no detectable cytotoxicity. Furthermore, such nanoparticles do not trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells via the Fenton reaction. The potential of using such PBNPs as an effective T1-weighted cellular MRI contrast agent has also been demonstrated. These properties suggest that PBNPs are an attractive dual purpose nanoplatform for developing the next generation of nanoparticle-based T1-weighted MRI contrast agents as well as delivery vehicles for small molecules.
cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus: relationships to taste and smell dysfunction, gender and age (2008)

This is the first definitive study to demonstrate the presence of these cyclic nucleotides in nasal mucus and the first to reveal decreased levels in patients with impaired taste and smell function. Since olfactory receptor sensitivity decreases with age increased nasal mucus cAMP over age 70 may appear incongruous but suggests one role of cAMP in olfactory function may relate to feedback mechanism(s) whereby its increase over age 70 yr reflects a physiological attempt to enhance diminishing lfactory function through growth and development of olfactory receptor activity.
A fuzzy logic inference processor (1993)

This mixed analog-digital fuzzy logic inference processor chip calculates the result of an inference over a 32-rule knowledge base in parallel. Simulations predict a computation time for the array of about 2 /spl mu/sec. The processor interface behaves like a static RAM, but internal computation is performed in the analog domain to an expected precision of 6 bits. The completed chip measures 7 mm by 10 mm in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and is currently undergoing preliminary testing.
Ensuring safety of DNA vaccines (2005)

In 1990 a new approach for vaccination was invented involving injection of plasmid DNA in vivo, which elicits an immune response to the encoded protein. DNA vaccination can overcome most disadvantages of conventional vaccine strategies and has potential for vaccines of the future. However, today 15 years on, a commercial product still has not reached the market. One possible explanation could be the technique's failure to induce an efficient immune response in humans, but safety may also be a fundamental issue. This review focuses on the safety of the genetic elements of DNA vaccines and on the safety of the microbial host for the production of plasmid DNA. We also propose candidates for the vaccine's genetic elements and for its microbial production host that can heighten the vaccine's safety and facilitate its entry to the market.
Grains – a major source of sustainable protein for health (2021)

Cereal grains are the main dietary source of energy, carbohydrates, and plant proteins world-wide. Currently, only 41% of grains are used for human consumption, and up to 35% are used for animal feed. Cereals have been overlooked as a source of environmentally sustainable and healthy plant proteins and could play a major role in transitioning towards a more sustainable food system for healthy diets. Cereal plant proteins are of good nutritional quality, but lysine is often the limiting amino acid. When consumed as whole grains, cereals provide health-protecting components such as dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Shifting grain use from feed to traditional foods and conceptually new foods and ingredients could improve protein security and alleviate climate change. Rapid development of new grain-based food ingredients and use of grains in new food contexts, such as dairy replacements and meat analogues, could accelerate the transition. This review discusses recent developments and outlines future perspectives for cereal grain use.
Bit Prudent In-Cache Acceleration of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

We propose Bit Prudent In-Cache Acceleration of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks - an in-SRAM architecture for accelerating Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference by leveraging network redundancy and massive parallelism. The network redundancy is exploited in two ways. First, we prune and fine-tune the trained network model and develop two distinct methods - coalescing and overlapping - to run inferences efficiently with sparse models. Second, we propose an architecture for network models with a reduced bit width by leveraging bit-serial computation. Our proposed architecture achieves a 17.7×/3.7× speedup over server class CPU/GPU, and a 1.6× speedup compared to the relevant in-cache accelerator, with 2% area overhead each processor die, and no loss on top-1 accuracy for AlexNet. With a relaxed accuracy limit, our tunable architecture achieves higher speedups.
Determination of mercury(II) ions in seafood samples after extraction and preconcentration by a novel functionalized magnetic metal–organic framework nanocomposite (2015)

This work describes a novel functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework nanocomposite [(Fe3O4-2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole)/metal-organic framework] and its application in the preconcentration of Hg(II) ions. The parameters affecting the preconcentration procedure were optimized by a Box-Behnken design through response surface methodology. Three variables (uptake time, magnetic nanosorbent amount, and pH value) were selected as the main factors affecting the sorption step, while four variables (type, volume, and concentration of the eluent; and elution time) were selected as main factors in the optimization study of the elution step. Following the sorption and elution of analytes, the ions were quantified by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL and all the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The obtained sorption capacity (in mg/g) of this new sorbent was 124. Ultimately, this nanocomposite was successfully applied to the rapid extraction of trace quantities of Hg(II) ions in seafood samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
M-algorithm combined equalization and decoding for mobile/personal communications (2002)

Third-generation tetherless mobile/personal communication system development is faced with the conflicting requirements of providing both highest protection against noise/interference and keeping the transmission delay as low as possible. A novel algorithm for combined equalization and decoding of interleaved coded modulation is presented. The new M-CED algorithm is an extension of the "conventional" CED in two ways: (i) per-survivor processing is used in the equalizer section in order to reduce the decoding latency, and (ii) M>1 equalizer states per code state are kept in the survivor memory so as to further improve on the bit error performance. Results on simulated bit error rates give an insight into the effect of various channel and receiver parameters, in particular, interleaver length (thus latency), number of equalizer states, and the choice of trellis codes. The entire digital receiver with feedforward sync, appropriate prefiltering and M-CED equalization/decoding is shown to combine the advantages of being robust against fading and yielding good BER performance also at low delay.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency: Exploiting the Fundamental Vulnerability of Ovarian Cancer (2015)

Defective DNA repair via HR is a pivotal vulnerability of EOC, particularly of the high-grade serous histologic subtype. Targeting defective HR offers the unique opportunity of exploiting molecular differences between tumor and normal cells, thereby inducing cancer-specific synthetic lethality; the promise and challenges of these approaches in ovarian cancer are discussed in this review.
Analysis and Control of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrid (2012)

In micro grid, the voltage and frequency will fluctuate with the switching of large-power electric load. With inverter control of energy storage systems,both active and reactive power pumped into the utility grid can be controlled which could achieve the stabilizing effect of voltage and frequency. This paper addresses active and reactive power control strategies used in energy storage system to eliminate the fluctuation. The active power is controlled based on a frequency-droop characteristic and a complimentary frequency restoration strategy. The reactive power is controlled based on a voltage-droop characteristic and a load reactive power compensation strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy under various micro grid operating conditions.
Intertwining DNA-RNA nanocapsules loaded with tumor neoantigens as synergistic nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Nanomedicines that co-deliver DNA, RNA, and peptide therapeutics are highly desirable yet remain underdeveloped for cancer theranostics. Herein, we report self-assembled intertwining DNA-RNA nanocapsules (iDR-NCs) that efficiently delivered synergistic DNA CpG and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adjuvants, as well as tumor-specific peptide neoantigens into antigen presenting cells (APCs) in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy. These nanovaccines were prepared by (1) producing tandem CpG and shRNA via concurrent rolling circle replication and rolling circle transcription, (2) self-assembling CpG and shRNA into DNA-RNA microflowers, (3) shrinking microflowers into iDR-NCs using PEG-grafted cationic polypeptides, and (4) physically loading neoantigen into iDR-NCs. CpG and shRNA in iDR-NCs synergistically activate APCs for sustained antigen presentation. Remarkably, iDR-NC/neoantigen nanovaccines elicit 8-fold more frequent neoantigen-specific peripheral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells than CpG, induce T cell memory, and significantly inhibit the progression of neoantigen-specific colorectal tumors. Collectively, iDR-NCs represent potential DNA/RNA/peptide triple-co-delivery nanocarriers and synergistic tumor immunotherapeutic nanovaccines.
Alternative Transform for Residual Blocks in H.264/AVC (2008)

In this paper, an alternative transform based on the correlation of the residual block is proposed for the improvement of the H.264/AVC coding efficiency. A discrete sine transform is used alternately with a discrete cosine transform in order to greatly compact the energy of the signal when the correlation coefficients of the signal are in the range of -0.5 to 0.5. Therefore, the discrete sine transform is suggested to be used in conjunction with the discrete cosine transform in H.264/AVC. The alternative transform selecting the optimal transform between two transforms by using rate-distortion optimization shows a coding gain compared with H.264/AVC. The proposed method achieves a PSNR gain of up to 1.0dB compared to JM 10.2 at relatively high bitrates.
A Rigid, Chiral, Dendronized Polymer with a Thermally Stable, Right‐Handed Helical Conformation (2008)

First- and second-generation dendronized polymethacrylates PG1 and PG2 carrying chiral 4-aminoproline-based dendrons were obtained on the half-gram scale in high molar masses (PG1: M(n)=5 x 10(6) g mol(-1), PG2: M(n)=1x10(6) g mol(-1)) by spontaneous (radical) polymerization of the corresponding vinyl macromonomers. NMR spectroscopic studies on PG2 together with its unprecedented high glass transition temperature (T(g)>200 degrees C, decomp) and structural parameters provided by atomistic MD simulations show this polymer to be rather rigid. Optical rotation and CD measurements revealed that PG2 adopts a helical conformation that remains unchanged over wide ranges of temperature and solvent polarity. It is also retained when the polymer is deprotected (and thus positively charged, de-PG2) at its terminal amino groups, by which the mass and steric demand of the dendrons is reduced by roughly 50 %. Molecular dynamics simulations on models of PG2 reveal its helical conformation to be right-handed, irrespective of backbone tacticity, and initial results also indicate that de-PG2 retains the right-handedness.
GaS and GaSe Ultrathin Layer Transistors (2012)

Room-temperature, bottom-gate, field-effect transistor characteristics of 2D ultrathin layer GaS and GaSe prepared from the bulk crystals using a micromechanical cleavage technique are reported. The transistors based on active GaS and GaSe ultrathin layers demonstrate typical n-and p-type conductance transistor operation along with a good ON/OFF ratio and electron differential mobility.