gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase Immobilized in Stable Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes (1998)

The voltammetry of cytochrome c oxidase immobilized in lipid bilayer membranes on gold electrodes and amperometric data of cytochrome c reacting at these electrodes under flow conditions are reported. A submonolayer of octadecyl mercaptan formed on electrodeposited silver anchors and becomes a part of the lipid bilayer membrane on the gold electrode. The supported lipid bilayer membrane containing cytochrome c oxidase is formed during a deoxycholate dialysis procedure. Slow scan rate cyclic voltammograms (20 mV/s) taken at the oxidase-modified electrodes show well-defined anodic waves. Fast scan rate cyclic voltammograms (200 mV/s) taken at the oxidase-modified electrodes show well-defined anodic and cathodic waves. Cyclic voltammograms taken at the oxidase-modified electrodes under 0.1 mM sodium cyanide show an increase (ca. 300%) in electrode capacitance and well-defined anodic and cathodic waves irrespective of scan rate. The voltammetric data are consistent with electron transfer of cytochrome c oxidase coupled with changes in nonfaradaic current and possibly diffusion of cytochrome c oxidase in a lipid multilayer structure. Quartz crystal microbalance data of cytochrome c binding to lipid bilayer membranes containing no cytochrome c oxidase under flow conditions are presented.
Hepatitis B virus–specific T cells associate with viral control upon nucleos(t)ide-analogue therapy discontinuation (2018)

This work was funded by a Singapore Translational Research Investigator Award (NMRC/STaR/013/2012), the Eradication of HBV TCR Program (NMRC/TCR/014-NUHS/2015), the Singapore Immunology Network, the Wellcome Trust (107389/Z/15/Z), and a Barts and The London Charity (723/1795) grant.
Distributed Control Systems for Small-Scale Power Networks: Using Multiagent Cooperative Control Theory (2014)

Existing electric power distribution networks are operating near full capacity and facing rapid changes to address environmental concerns and improve their reliability and sustainability. These concerns are satisfied through the effective integration and coordination of distributed generators (DGs), which facilitate the exploitation of renewable energy resources, including wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel cells [1]. Although DGs can be of rotating machinery type, more recently, DGs have been designed to support renewable energy resources by electronic interfacing through voltage source inverters (VSI). Each DG corresponds to one energy source, and its control inputs are given to the interface VSI [1]-[5]. The successful coordination of DGs can be realized through microgrids, which are small-scale power systems consisting of local generation, local loads, and energy storage systems. Microgrids are autonomous subsystems with dedicated control systems that provide guaranteed power quality for local loads such as hospitals, economic centers, apartments, and universities. The microgrid concept, with its local control and power quality support, allows for the scalable integration of local power resources and loads into the existing power grid and enables a high penetration of distributed generation [5]-[10].
The roots of English colonialism in Ireland (2013)

The cover of J.P. Montano's Roots of English Colonialism in Ireland features a reproduction of a famous portrait of William Cecil, Queen Elizabeth I's trusty counsellor, perched on a donkey, in the...
Linguistic Analysis Methods for Studying Small Groups (2013)

INTRODUCTION
Linguistic analysis of collaboration is a research area with stakeholders from multiple elds, including learning sciences, organizational behavior, sociolinguistics, other 
areas of linguistics, language technologies and machine learning, social psychology, and 
sociology. Each eld brings its own valuable store of wisdom as well as its own sets of 
research questions and methodologies. While we view collaboration from a multidisciplinary perspective, we adopt a technical de nition of linguistic analysis as an analysis 
that employs constructs from the eld of linguistics that are designed to study language 
as a primary focus of inquiry. While a wide variety of valuable frameworks for studying 
the language of collaboration have been developed within the learning sciences community, instead of considering these as linguistic analyses of collaboration, we consider 
them as applications of theory from the learning sciences to language interaction. e 
focus of these existing frameworks is on learning processes viewed through language 
rather than the language processes themselves. e advantage of a linguistic framework 
is that it allows us to avoid making a commitment to one speci c theoretical perspective 
within the learning sciences.
<italic>TrafficShaper:</italic> Shaping Inter-Datacenter Traffic to Reduce the Transmission Cost (2018)

The emerging deployment of geographically distributed data centers (DCs) incurs a significant amount of data transfers over the Internet. Such transfers are typically charged by Internet service providers with the widely adopted qth percentile charging model. In such a charging model, the time slots with top (100 - q) percent of data transmission do not affect the total transmission cost and can be viewed as “free.” This brings the opportunity to optimize the scheduling of interDC transfers to minimize the entire transmission cost. However, a very little work has been done to exploit those “free” time slots for scheduling inter-DC transfers. The crux is that existing work either lacks a mechanism to accumulate traffic to “free” time slots, or inevitably relies on prior knowledge of future traffic arrival patterns. In this paper, we present TrafficShaper, a new scheduler that shapes the inter-DC traffic to exploit the “free” time slots involved in the qth percentile charging model, so as to reduce or even minimize the transmission cost. When shaping traffic, TrafficShaper advocates a simple principle: more traffic peaks should be scheduled in “free” time slots, while less traffic differentiation should be maintained among the remaining time slots. To this end, TrafficShaper designs a pricing-aware control framework, which makes online decisions for inter-DC transfers without requiring a prior knowledge of traffic arrivals. To verify the performance of TrafficShaper, we conduct rigorous theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov optimization techniques, large-scale trace-driven simulations, and small-scale testbed implementation. Results from rigorous mathematical analyses demonstrate that TrafficShaper can make the transmission cost arbitrarily close to the optimum value. Extensive trace-driven simulation results show that TrafficShaper can reduce the transmission cost by up to 40.23%, compared with the state-of-the-art solutions. The testbed experiments further verify that TrafficShaper can realistically reduce the transmission cost by up to 19.38%.
Tangible remote controllers for wall-size displays (2012)

We explore the use of customizable tangible remote controllers for interacting with wall-size displays. Such controllers are especially suited to visual exploration tasks where users need to move to see details of complex visualizations. In addition, we conducted a controlled user study suggesting that tangibles make it easier for users to focus on the visual display while they interact. We explain how to build such controllers using off-the-shelf touch tablets and describe a sample application that supports multiple dynamic queries.
Material and resonator properties of langasite and langatate: a progress report (2002)

The growth of langasite (LGS) and certain of its isomorphs has recently been undertaken in the U.S. In parallel with this effort, PTI and the University of Central Florida are conducting a study of the material and bull-wave resonator properties of these materials. In this paper, we report our initial results for the design and fabrication of contoured thickness-mode resonators using langasite (LGS) and langatate (LGT). Since these materials and their isomorphs are in the same crystal class as quartz, well-known methods of trapped-energy resonator design, which are quite accurate for quartz, can be formally applied. Because these materials are somewhat softer than quartz, polishing techniques must be modified. Since their chemical composition is much more complex than that of quartz, cleaning and etching processes are less straightforward. Y-cut piano-convex resonators of both LGS and LGT have been designed and fabricated. Comparison of measured and calculated frequencies and equivalent circuit parameters for overtones 1-9 of LGS shows excellent agreement. For the 11/sup th/ and 13/sup th/ overtones, no significant response is observed, and these modes are therefore believed to be untrapped. For LGT, the agreement between measured and calculated parameters is poor to fair; the 11/sup th/ and 13/sup th/ overtones also appear to be untrapped for this material. The measured frequency temperature characteristic of the LGT resonators is parabolic, and is closely similar for all odd overtones through the 9/sup th/. Of particular interest is the resonator quality factor frequency product, Q/spl middot/f; the best value we have measured to date is 13.4 million for LGS and 16.0 million for LGT. Interestingly enough, this latter value is equal to the asymptotic value for natural quartz AT quartz resonators measured by Warner (19960).
<i>CRYSTALS</i>enhancements: dealing with hydrogen atoms in refinement (2010)

Because they scatter X-rays weakly, H atoms are often abused or neglected during structure refinement. The reasons why the H atoms should be included in the refinement and some of the consequences of mistreatment are discussed along with selected real examples demonstrating some of the features for hydrogen treatment that can be found in the software suite CRYSTALS .
Motion Planning in Lane Change Scenario for Autonomous Vehicles (2021)

Motion planning is an important and complex research content in automatic driving system. This paper proposes a motion planning method in lane change scenario, which decouples the motion planning into two parts: longitudinal and lateral planning. This method takes the leading vehicle of each lane change gap as the following control vehicle, obtains the longitudinal trajectory of each gap by LQR algorism. Then the most appropriate lane change gap is selected through a certain strategy, which is developed on driving comfort and timeliness. After the gap selection, the host vehicle follows the leading vehicle of the selected gap to adjust its speed and position to meet the lane change condition. The lateral planning is initialized when the condition is met. The whole algorithm has a small amount of calculation and is convenient for practical engineering application. Finally, the validity and practicability of this method are verified by a real vehicle test.
An Improved Method for the Synthesis of <i>F</i>-BODIPYs from Dipyrrins and Bis(dipyrrin)s (2012)

An improved methodology for the synthesis of F-BODIPYs from dipyrrins and bis(dipyrrin)s is reported. This strategy employs lithium salts of dipyrrins as intermediates that are then treated with only 1 equiv of boron trifluoride diethyletherate to obtain the corresponding F-BODIPYs. This scalable route to F-BODIPYs renders high yields with a facile purification process involving merely filtration of the reaction mixture through Celite in many cases.
Has the Time Arrived to Replace the Quick Prothrombin Time Test for Monitoring Oral Anticoagulant Therapy? (2005)

The Quick (1) and Owren(2) prothrombin time (PT) tests remain the basis for monitoring anticoagulant therapy worldwide. The use of these tests is remarkable because the Quick PT preceded the discovery of the anticoagulant effect of dicoumarol in spoiled sweet clover and both tests were in use long before there was any understanding of the mechanism of the action of oral anticoagulants or which of the plasma factors were affected by them. Both PT tests are conceptually based on the four-factor theory of coagulation proposed by Morawitz in 1905 (3), and the two tests are similar. The reactions of the Quick PT test depend entirely on coagulation proteins present in the patient plasma sample; the Owren PT test adds components of bovine plasma to compensate for variability related to the coagulation proteins fibrinogen and factor V. Efforts to standardize the Quick PT have provided a common means for expressing patient PT results, the International Normalized Ratio (INR), and have provided a method for quantitative comparison of thromboplastin reagents (4). These efforts have improved interlaboratory comparability of mean values and standard deviations for groups of patient samples.

In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Horsti et al. (5) report PT results from testing the same samples, from patients receiving oral anticoagulants, on the same instruments but with different thromboplastins. They demonstrate that intrapatient comparability has not been achieved by use of the current standardization procedures (4). Their systematic comparison of seven different thromboplastins provides compelling evidence that neither the Quick nor the Owren PT test provides suitably comparable data for monitoring individual patients receiving oral anticoagulants if more than one thromboplastin reagent is used. Direct comparisons of the INR results from an individual patient’s samples measured with use of different thromboplastins indicate that the INR values can vary dramatically, certainly …
Denial-of-Service detection in 6LoWPAN based Internet of Things (2013)

Smart objects connected to the Internet, constituting the so called Internet of Things (IoT), are revolutionizing human beings' interaction with the world. As technology reaches everywhere, anyone can misuse it, and it is always essential to secure it. In this work we present a denial-of-service (DoS) detection architecture for 6LoWPAN, the standard protocol designed by IETF as an adaptation layer for low-power lossy networks enabling low-power devices to communicate with the Internet. The proposed architecture integrates an intrusion detection system (IDS) into the network framework developed within the EU FP7 project ebbits. The aim is to detect DoS attacks based on 6LoWPAN. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture, preliminary implementation was completed and tested against a real DoS attack using a penetration testing system. The paper concludes with the related results proving to be successful in detecting DoS attacks on 6LoWPAN. Further, extending the IDS could lead to detect more complex attacks on 6LoWPAN.
Detection of Ehrlichia canis in canine blood samples by real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR and melting curve analysis. (2014)

Ehrlichia canis is a small pleomorphic gram-negative, coccoid, obligatory intracellular bacterium and the cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. A real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (real-time FRET PCR) coupled with melting curve analysis was established for detection of E. canis infection in canine blood samples. The VirB9 gene was amplified using one pair of primers and the melting curve analysis was generated by heating the hybridizing probes and amplified products. Eight E. canis-infected dog blood samples were initially identified using the Giemsa staining/microscopic method followed by conventional PCR (cPCR)/Sanger sequencing for confirmation. The sensitivity and specificity of the real-time FRET PCR detection were 87.5% and 100%, respectively and the limit of detection was 6.6 x 10(3) copies of positive E. canis control plasmids. The real-time FRET PCR with melting curve analysis reported here is better than microscopic visualization or cPCR because the method is not affected by the false bias inherent in the microscopic method. Furthermore, many samples can be processed rapidly at the same time. This convenient tool is beneficial as an alternative assay for the epidemiologic study of canine ehrlichiosis as well as for eradication of these organisms in prevention and control programs in endemic areas.
Targeting MARCO and IL37R on Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Lung Cancer Blocks Regulatory T Cells and Supports Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Function (2020)

The progression and metastatic capacity of solid tumors are strongly influenced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accumulation of anti-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is associated with worse clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. Here we investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC in the presence of protumoral TAMs expressing the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). MARCO-expressing TAM numbers correlated with increased occurrence of regulatory T cells and effector T cells and decreased natural killer (NK) cells in these tumors. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the tumors uncovered a correlation between MARCO expression and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL37. <i>In vitro</i> studies subsequently showed that lung cancer cells polarized macrophages to express MARCO and gain an immune-suppressive phenotype through the release of IL37. MARCO-expressing TAMs blocked cytotoxic T-cell and NK-cell activation, inhibiting their proliferation, cytokine production, and tumor killing capacity. Mechanistically, MARCO<sup>+</sup> macrophages enhanced regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation and IL10 production and diminished CD8 T-cell activities. Targeting MARCO or IL37 receptor (IL37R) by antibody or CRISPR knockout of IL37 in lung cancer cell lines repolarized TAMs, resulting in recovered cytolytic activity and antitumoral capacity of NK cells and T cells and downmodulated Treg cell activities. In summary, our data demonstrate a novel immune therapeutic approach targeting human TAMs immune suppression of NK- and T-cell antitumor activities. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines tumor-derived IL37 and the macrophage scavenger receptor MARCO as potential therapeutic targets to remodel the immune-suppressive microenvironment in patients with lung cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/4/956/F1.large.jpg.
A self-reconfiguring processor (1993)

Recent developments in the design and fabrication of field programmable logic devices (FPGA ’s) may well change the way in which we design and fabricate conventional microprocessors. The use of uncommitted logic whose function may be modified at run tame makes the prospect of dynamic application specific integrated circuits closer to reality than ever before. Much of the work to date on reconfigurable logic has focussed on its application in co-processor and “glue ’’ roles. This paper discusses how complete processors might be fabricated with a minimum of “fixed” or static logic. It is shown that an order to exploit FPGAs, a processor that as radically different from conventional architectures is required. The paper concludes by considering what evolutions of current logic families would favour this type of application.
Back Amorphous-Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction (bach) photovoltaic device (2009)

Back Amorphous-Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction (BACH) photovoltaic device integrates a range of high efficiency features while using low temperature (~200°C) fabrication processes. High efficiency features include back contact metallization, optimum interfacial passivation, and front-side and rear-side reflective coatings and scatterers for maximum light trapping. Two types of BACH cell prototypes were fabricated in this work with the best performing cell having an AM1.5G conversion efficiency of 8.1%, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> = 0.536 V, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</sub> = 20 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and FF = 75.5%. Theoretically, the BACH solar cell concept has the potential of attaining energy conversion efficiencies in the 20 - 25% range. In this first set of cells, the BACH cell performance is limited by poor surface passivation and un-optimized cell design. Recent experiments with various passivation procedures has led to high minority carrier lifetimes in the ms range while carrying out the processes at low temperature, thus opening the way to higher efficiency BACH cells.
A Frequency Adaptive Phase Shift Modulation Control Based LLC Series Resonant Converter for Wide Input Voltage Applications (2016)

This paper presents an isolated LLC series resonant DC/DC converter with novel frequency adaptive phase shift modulation control, which suitable for wide input voltage (200-400 V) applications. The proposed topology integrates two half-bridge in series on the primary side to reduce the switching stress to half of the input voltage. Unlike the conventional converter, this control strategy increases the voltage gain range with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) to all switches under all operating voltage and load variations. Adaptive frequency control is used to secure ZVS in the primary bridge with regards to load change. To do so, the voltage gain becomes independent of the loaded quality factor. In addition, the phase shift control is used to regulate the output voltage as constant under all possible inputs. The control of these two variables also significantly minimizes the circulating current, especially from the low-voltage side, which increases the efficiency as compared to a conventional converter. Experimental results of a 1-Kw prototype converter with 200-400-V input and 48-V output are presented to verify all theoretical analysis and characteristics.
MA-Unet: an improved version of Unet based on multi-scale and attention mechanism for medical image segmentation (2022)

Convolutional neural network models have become one of the most commonly used methods for analyzing medical images. Among them, the codec structure has brought important breakthrough results for medical image segmentation. However, the current medical image segmentation method based on the codec network architecture still has many problems. The corresponding feature map of the codec network in the skip connection structure has a large semantic ambiguity, which may increase the difficulty of learning the network and reduce the segmentation performance. The codec network architecture cannot make full use of the relationship between objects in the global view, and also ignores the global context information of different scales. In this article, we add attention gate mechanism (AGs) to the jump connection structure, and introduce attention mechanism and multi-scale mechanism to solve the above problems. Our model obtains better segmentation performance while introducing fewer parameters.
Anti-lysophosphatidic acid antibodies improve traumatic brain injury outcomes (2014)

This study presents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of TBI by blocking extracellular LPA signaling to minimize secondary brain damage and neurological dysfunction.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a silacycloheptadiene (2000)

The dilithium salt of tetraphenylbutadiene (1) reacts normally with phenylethynyltrichlorosilane to give 1-chloro-1-phenylethynyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole (3), but with vinyltrichlorosilane the unexpected product is the silacycloheptadiene 2, and X-ray crystal structures were obtained for 2 and 3; the seven-membered ring in 2 adopts a boat conformation, and a possible mechanism for the formation of 2 is suggested.