gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Characteristics of a MEMS Quadrupole Mass Filter With Square Electrodes: Experimental and Simulated Results (2010)

Size reduction in quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMSs) is an ongoing requirement driven by the needs of space exploration, portable, and covert monitoring applications. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology provides a method of achieving this size reduction. A quadrupole mass filter (QMF) is one component of a QMS and is suitable for microfabrication. MEMS manufacturing techniques are more suitable to the production of rectilinear electrodes, instead of the more widely used circular electrodes. Present understanding of the performance characteristics of rectilinear electrodes and the dependence of these characteristics on electrode geometry are not well documented. In this paper, we report on the performance characteristics of a square-electrode QMF. Both the predicted performances obtained by computer simulation and experimental data are presented for operation in stability zone 1 (0.236, 0.706) and zone 3 (3.16, 3.23). A comparison between these results and the simulated data for equivalent devices constructed using hyperbolic and circular electrodes for operation in zone 1 is also made. This comparison demonstrates that, although the field produced by square electrodes is far from the “ideal,” it is still possible to achieve useful filtering action. Our results also show that, for operation in zone 3, performance comparable with that of hyperbolic and circular electrodes operating in zone 1 is achievable.
A high peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems by ideal N/2-shift aperiodic auto-correlation property (2006)

This paper presents a new method for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) BPSK systems based on the auto-correlation property of the data symbol sequence. Herein it is demonstrated that a significant PAPR reduction of 6 dB, independent of the number of subcarriers, can be achieved by assuring the appropriate auto-correlation property of transmitted data symbol sequences. Since the approach relies on redundant symbols, meeting the condition of a rate R = 0.75 complementary parity code, some degree of error correction is also achieved
Toward Potent Ghrelin Receptor Ligands Based on Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazole Structure. 2. Synthesis and Pharmacological in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations (2007)

A series of ghrelin receptor ligands based on the trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole structure were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro binding and biological activity. In this study, we explored the significance of the aminoisobutyryl (Aib) moiety, a common feature in numerous growth hormone secretagogues described in the literature. Potent agonist and antagonist ligands of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) were obtained, i.e., compounds 41 (JMV2894) and 17 (JMV3031). The best compounds were evaluated for their in vivo activity on food intake, after sc injection in rodents. Among the tested compounds, few of them were able to stimulate food intake and some others, i.e., compounds 4 (JMV2959), 17, and 52 (JMV3021), acted as potent in vivo antagonist of hexarelin-stimulated food intake. These compounds did not stimulate growth hormone secretion in rats and furthermore did not antagonize growth hormone secretion induced by hexarelin, revealing that it is possible to modulate food intake without altering growth hormone secretion.
Cyanoaurate(III) Formation and Its Effect on Current Efficiency in Gold Plating (1981)

The cyanoaurate (III) ion has been found to form and accumulate in acidic or neutral gold plating baths containing cyanoaurate(I) as the source of gold. This trivalent gold species brings about a decrease in plating current efficiency because its reduction to gold metal requires three faradays per mole, whereas only one faraday is consumed to reduce one mole of Au (I). The accumulation of Au (III) should therefore be minimized to produce gold deposits with a thickness unaffected by bath age. This paper describes various methods for achieving this objective, which include the use of the so‐called "dimensionally stable anode" and a techniqe of chemically reducing Au (III) to Au (I).
Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (2018)

Among children and adults with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, the addition of cannabidiol at a dose of 10 mg or 20 mg per kilogram per day to a conventional antiepileptic regimen resulted in greater reductions in the frequency of drop seizures than placebo. Adverse events with cannabidiol included elevated liver aminotransferase concentrations. (Funded by GW Pharmaceuticals; GWPCARE3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224560 .).
Impact of cell cycle control and cellular proliferation of miR-192 via targeting dihydrofolate reductase and E2F-3 pathway (2008)

5055 MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by interacting with 3’-UTRs of their target mRNAs. Mounting experimental evidence indicates that microRNAs play important roles in human cancers acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes depending on their targets. Previous studies from our group have identified certain miRNAs maybe regulated by p53 tumor suppressor gene. To further elucidate the molecular and cellular impact of one of the candidate miRNAs, miR-192, in this study, the expression of miR-192 was over-expressed by transient transfection in HCT-116 (wt-p53) and HCT-116 (null-p53) colon cancer cell lines. We have identified that one of the miR-192 target gene is dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The DHFR 3’-UTR region of DHFR contains a putative miR-192 binding site using TargetScan analysis. The expression of DHFR was significantly decreased by miR-192 using Western immunoblot analysis. Further analysis indicates that such suppression was due to translation arrest rather than mRNA degradation. The proliferation of cells transfected with miR-192 was nearly completely decreased at 100 nM in HCT-116 (wt-p53) cells while the control miR has no effect. Inhibition of proliferation in HCT-116 (null-p53) cells by miR-192 was less than HCT-116 (wt-p53) cells at the same concentration. HCT-116 (wt-p53) cells transfected with miR-192 was arrested at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The mechanism of this arrest was at least in part, due to the reduction of E2F-3 expression. The cell cycle check point control genes p53 and p21 were highly over-expressed in cells that over-expressing miR-192. The endogeneous miR-192 expression was induced in HCT-116 (wt-p53) cells treated with methotraxate (MTX) with the increased expression of p53. miR-192 maybe another miRNA candidate that was involved in the p53 tumor suppressor network with significant impact on cell cycle control and cell proliferation.
Massively parallel high-order combinatorial genetics in human cells (2015)

Massively parallel genetic screening reveals synergies between miRNAs regulating cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance.
Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Novel Series of 4′-Fluoro and 4′-Chloro Analogues of Amodiaquine. Identification of a Suitable “Back-Up” Compound for <i>N-tert</i>-Butyl Isoquine (2009)

On the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of the 4-aminoquinoline amodiaquine (1b), three series of amodiaquine analogues have been prepared where the 4-aminophenol "metabolic alert" has been modified by replacement of the 4'-hydroxy group with a hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine atom. Following antimalarial assessment and studies on mechanism of action, two candidates were selected for detailed ADME studies and in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment. 4'-Fluoro-N-tert-butylamodiaquine (2k) was subsequently identified as a candidate for further development studies based on potent activity versus chloroquine-sensitive and resistant parasites, moderate to excellent oral bioavailability, low toxicity in in vitro studies, and an acceptable safety profile.
Intramolecular Carbonylation Reactions with Recyclable Palladium‐Complexed Dendrimers on Silica: Synthesis of Oxygen, Nitrogen, or Sulfur‐Containing Medium Ring Fused Heterocycles. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vitamin B <sub>12</sub> as a Carrier for the Oral Delivery of Insulin (2007)

The noninvasive delivery of insulin continues to be a major goal for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral–enteric administration would make insulin delivery easier and more effective, as higher patient compliance and improved glycemic control are likely; yet the oral–enteric pathway has been unfeasible owing to insulin's susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and inefficient enteric uptake. Herein we show that a noninvasive oral delivery route for insulin is possible through the vitamin B12 uptake pathway. In diabetic rat models, insulin–B12 conjugates can significantly lower blood glucose levels when administered orally. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2007/z700239_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimization of the Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystal recipe by means of photoelectrochemical measurements (2013)

Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized via a low-cost one-pot method. The recipe was optimized by using photoelectrochemical measurements of NC films in contact with a methyl viologen solution. Non-stoichiometric copper-rich and zinc-poor starting molar ratios provided the best overall photovoltaic effect. Other analytical techniques were used to further identify the NC composition, topography and crystallinity. The oxidation states were found to be 1+, 2+, 4+ and 2− for copper, zinc, tin and sulphur, respectively.
Sparse Superposition Codes: Fast and Reliable at Rates Approaching Capacity with Gaussian Noise (2010)

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power constraint, sparse superposition codes are developed. Both encoding and decoding are computationally feasible. The codewords are linear combinations of subsets of vectors from a given dictionary, with the possible messages indexed by the choice of subset. An adaptive successive decoder is developed, with which communication is shown to be reliable with error probability exponentially small for all rates below the Shannon capacity.
Direct Formation of Large-Area 2D Nanosheets from Fluorescent Semiconducting Homopolymer with Orthorhombic Crystalline Orientation (2017)

Semiconducting polymers have been widely investigated due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties and their high crystallinity that provides a strong driving force for self-assembly. Although there are various reports of successful self-assembly of nanostructures using semiconducting polymers, direct in situ self-assembly of these polymers into two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures has proven difficult, despite their importance for optoelectronics applications. Here, we report the synthesis of a simple conjugated homopolymer by living cyclopolymerization of a 1,6-heptadiyne (having a fluorene moiety) and its efficient in situ formation of large-area 2D fluorescent semiconducting nanostructures. Using high-resolution imaging tools such as atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed the solvent-dependent self-assembly behaviors of this homopolymer; the identical starting polymer formed 2D nanosheets with different shapes, such as rectangle, raft, and leaf, when dissolved in different solvents. Furthermore, super-resolution optical microscopy enabled the real-time imaging of the fluorescent 2D nanosheets, revealing their stable and uniform shapes, fluorescence, and solution dynamics. Notably, we propose an orthorhombic crystalline packing model to explain the direct formation of 2D nanostructures based on various diffraction patterns, providing important insight for their shape modulation during the self-assembly.
X-Ray Grating Interferometry for Phase-Contrast Imaging and Optics Metrology Applications (2010)

We report on a hard x‐ray interferometry technique based on diffraction gratings fabricated using microlithography techniques. Compared to other x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging methods, the grating interferometer only has very moderate requirements in terms of coherence. This makes it possible to use the method with standard x‐ray tubes, which opens up a huge range of applications e.g. in medical imaging.
Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) prohormone, is a marker of AVP secretion during disordered states of water balance (2007)

Introduction: Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) measurement is technically demanding in clinical routine and therefore often not performed. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the AVP prohormone, is stoichiometrically secreted together with mature AVP. Due to a several day long ex vivo stability, copeptin can be readily assayed in serum or plasma.
Linked Deficiencies in Extracellular PPi and Osteopontin Mediate Pathologic Calcification Associated With Defective PC-1 and ANK Expression (2003)

Osteopontin and PP(i) both suppress hydroxyapatite deposition. Extracellular PP(i) deficiency causes spontaneous hypercalcification, yet unchallenged osteopontin knockout mice have only subtle mineralization abnormalities. We report that extracellular PP(i) deficiency promotes osteopontin deficiency and correction of osteopontin deficiency prevents hypercalcification, suggesting synergistic inhibition of hydroxyapatite deposition. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (NPP) isozymes including PC-1 (NPP1) function partly to generate PP(i), a physiologic calcification inhibitor. PP(i) transport is modulated by the membrane channel protein ANK. Spontaneous articular cartilage calcification, increased vertebral cortical bone formation, and peripheral joint and intervertebral ossific ankylosis are associated with both PC-1 deficiency and expression of truncated ANK in ank/ank mice. To assess how PC-1, ANK, and PP(i) regulate both calcification and cell differentiation, we studied cultured PC-1 -/- and ank/ank mouse calvarial osteoblasts. PC-1 -/- osteoblasts demonstrated approximately 50% depressed NPP activity and markedly lowered extracellular PP(i) associated with hypercalcification. These abnormalities were rescued by transfection of PC-1 but not of the NPP isozyme B10/NPP3. PC-1 -/- and ank/ank cultured osteoblasts demonstrated not only comparable extracellular PP(i) depression and hypercalcification but also marked reduction in expression of osteopontin (OPN), another direct calcification inhibitor. Soluble PC-1 (which corrected extracellular PP(i) and OPN), and OPN itself (> or = 15 pg/ml), corrected hypercalcification by PC-1 -/- and ank/ank osteoblasts. Thus, linked regulatory effects on extracellular PP(i) and OPN expression mediate the ability of PC-1 and ANK to regulate calcification.
Liposomal Hamycin: Reduced Toxicity and Improved Antifungal Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo (1991)

Hamycin has been used to treat a variety of yeast and other fungal infections by oral, topical, and intraperitoneal routes. However, its parenteral use has been reported to be associated with high toxicity. Multilamellar liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol, and various amounts of cholesterol were used as drug carriers for hamycin. The antifungal activity of hamycin was maintained after liposome encapsulation (MIC range, 0.6-1.2 micrograms/ml), and toxicity was reduced in vitro and in vivo as the concentration of cholesterol was increased to an appropriate ratio. Mice were treated with various doses of free or liposomal hamycin 2 days after infection. Although free drug did not significantly improve survival, liposomal hamycin at an equivalent dose (0.6 mg/kg) increased the survival from 18 to 38 days. Higher doses (1.2 and 1.8 mg/kg) showed further improvement in survival and reduction in numbers of colony-forming units in the kidneys. Liposome encapsulation resulted in improved therapeutic index of hamycin.
Novel process for widening memory window of sub-200 nm ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistor by ferroelectric coating the gate-stack sidewall (2014)

Ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs) with metallurgical-gate lengths of 140 nm, 160 nm and 190 nm were successfully fabricated using a novel fabrication process. The gate stacks of the FeFETs were Pt/Sr0.8Ca0.2Bi2Ta2O9(SCBT)/HfO2/Si. Key to the process was covering the as-etched gate-stack sidewalls with SCBT precursor films and annealing altogether. The FeFETs which underwent the novel process showed larger memory windows than those without the process by about 0.5 V at scanned gate-voltages of 1 ± 5 V. Endurances of the FeFETs made by the novel process were measured up to 109 cycles with good separations of the on- and off-states. The endurance pulses were 1 ± 5 V with 2 μs period. Good data-retentions of them were also demonstrated which were measured for at least 6.5 days.
Physical mapping of new DNA probes near the fragile X mutation (FRAXA) by using a panel of cell lines. (1990)

The fragile X syndrome is a very common disorder, but there has been little progress toward isolating the fragile X mutation (FRAXA). We describe a panel of 14 somatic cell hybrid lines, lymphoblastoid cell lines, and peripheral lymphocytes with X-chromosome translocation or deletion breakpoints near FRAXA. The locations of the breakpoints were defined with 16 established probes between pX45d (DXS100) and St14-1 (DXS52). Seven of the cell lines had breakpoints between the probes RN1 (DXS369) and U6.2 (DXS304), which flank FRAXA at distances of 3-5 centimorgans. The panel of cell lines was used to localize 16 new DNA probes in this region. Six of the probes-VK16, VK18, VK23, VK24, VK37, and VK47--detected loci near FRAXA, and it was possible to order both the X-chromosome breakpoints and the probes in relation to FRAXA. The order of probes and loci near FRAXA is cen-RN1,VK24-VK47-VK23-VK16,FRAXA-++ +VK21A-VK18-IDS-VK37-U6.2-qter. The breakpoints near FRAXA are sufficiently close together that probes localized with this panel can be linked on a large-scale restriction map by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This panel of cell lines will be valuable in rapidly localizing other probes near FRAXA.
Internal Entrainment Effects on Distributed Combustion (2015)

Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) has been shown to provide ultra-low emissions and enhanced combustion performance of high intensity gas turbine combustors in terms of efficiency and stability. To achieve distributed combustion, the flowfield needs to be carefully tailored for adequate mixing between reactants and hot reactive species from within the combustor to result in high temperature low oxygen concentration environment prior to ignition. Such distributed reactions result in uniform thermal field and also eliminates any hot spots for mitigating NO x emission. Though Distributed Combustion have been extensively studied using a variety of geometries, injection velocities, heat release intensities, and fuels, the role of hot reactive internally recirculated gases requires further examination. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of reactive gases on flame structure and behavior is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion and providing guidelines for designing high intensity combustors operating in distributed combustion mode. A mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, used to simulate the recirculated gases, is introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with the fuel and subsequent combustion. Increase in the amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (simulating increased entrainment), led to volume distributed reaction over a larger volume in the combustor with enhanced and uniform distribution of the OH* chemiluminescence intensity. At the same time, the bluish flame stabilized by the swirler is replaced with a more uniform almost invisible bluish flame. The increased recirculation also reflected on the pollutants emission, where NO emissions were significantly decreased for the same amount of fuel burned. Lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% (due to increased entrainment) resulted in 80–90% reduction in NO with no impact on CO emission with sub PPM NO emission achieved at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. The same trend was seen at higher diluents injection temperature as well, with significant pollutants emission reduction down to an oxygen concentration of 10%.
Actions of Insecticides on Sodium Channels (1995)

Three classes of insecticides (pyrethroids/DDT analogues, N-alkylamides, and dihydropyrazoles) modify sodium channel function through effects by binding to three distinct target sites on the channel. The kdr resistance trait in the house fly, Musca domestica, confers reduced target site sensitivity to pyrethroids and DDT but does not diminish the efficacy of N-alkylamides or dihydropyrazoles, suggesting a domain-specific modification of the sodium channel as the mechanism of resistance. This paper reviews our recent research to test this hypothesis by cloning genomic DNA corresponding to a segment of the house fly homologue of the para sodium channel gene of Drosophila melanogaster, identifying restriction site polymorphisms within this stretch of DNA between the kdr and susceptible house fly strains, and employing these molecular markers in a genetic linkage analysis. The results of these studies show that the kdr trait is tightly linked to the para voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene. These findings are discussed in the context of continued exploitation of the sodium channel as an insecticide target site.
Front Cover: Carborane‐Containing Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Ligands as Candidates for Boron Neutron‐Capture Therapy (BNCT) (ChemMedChem 20/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows an idealized cell with a normal cell represented by the right half, with organelles and a variety of receptors on the surface, whereas a tumor cell is represented by the disordered left half of the cell. The carborane-containing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor/ligand surrounds both healthy and tumor cells, but binds potently to the overexpressed gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) enzymes on the tumor surface. Incoming thermal neutrons from the left find the represented bullseye in the 10B atoms in the carborane cluster leading to a metastable 11B that undergoes fission releasing α and 7Li particles that damage and ultimately destroy the tumor cell target. Cover design by Robert D. Becker. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Daniel P. Becker et al.