gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barcode: Global Binary Patterns for Fast Visual Inference (2017)

We present Barcode, a global binary descriptor for images captured from a vehicle-mounted camera with two applications: localization and turn classification. Barcode characterizes an image by encoding the distribution of vertical lines into a binary descriptor: in each vertical stripe of an image, if any vertical line exists the corresponding bit is set to 1, otherwise 0. For localization, our approach uses a database of geolocated images, each having its Barcode precomputed during a preprocessing stage. In the run time, we first generate the binary descriptor for each image and then use the descriptor to find the location in the database via Hamming distance metric. For turn classification, we train a deep neural network that uses a set of Barcodes from consecutive images to classify turns (left, right, straight, and stationary). We show that Barcode extraction can be done at 100-1000~Hz, localization at 10~kHz, and turn classification at 1~kHz. We show compelling experimental results on KITTI dataset and other sequences captured near Harvard and Purdue campuses.
Fourier-Transform Pulse Shaping with Metasurfaces (2018)

Metasurfaces offer a unique opportunity in ultrafast pulse shaping: a large array of small pixels. This feature enables control over individual frequency comb lines from pulsed lasers with low repetition rates. We present our recent results in shaping of sub-15 femtosecond pulses using metasurfaces.
Crosstalk variation of multi-core fibre due to fibre bend (2010)

It was experimentally and theoretically confirmed for the first time that inter-core crosstalk can be varied more than 20dB depending on bending radius. Simulation results based on coupled-mode equation with equivalent index model are in good agreement with measurement results.
Combination free electron and gaseous laser. [Patent application] (1977)

A multiple laser having one or more gaseous laser stages and one or more free electron stages is described. Each of the free electron laser stages is sequentially pumped by a microwave linear accelerator. Subsequently, the electron beam is directed through a gaseous laser, in the preferred embodiment, and in an alternative embodiment, through a microwave accelerator to lower the energy level of the electron beam to pump one or more gaseous lasers. The combination laser provides high pulse repetition frequencies, on the order of 1 kHz or greater, high power capability, high efficiency, and tunability in the synchronous production of multiple beams of coherent optical radiation.
Lacrimal gland HGF, KGF, and EGF mRNA levels increase after corneal epithelial wounding. (1999)

Levels of HGF, KGF, and EGF mRNAs increase in rabbit lacrimal gland tissue in response to corneal epithelial wounding. The results of this study are consistent with the existence of a cornea-nervous system-lacrimal gland regulatory loop modulating expression of these growth factor mRNAs. The lacrimal gland is a likely source of increased HGF and EGF proteins detected in tears in previous studies.
Cellulose acetate propionate and poly(tetramethylene glutarate) blends (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCellulose acetate propionate and poly(tetramethylene glutarate) blendsCharles M. Buchanan, Steve C. Gedon, Alan W. White, and Matthew D. WoodCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 11, 2963–2967Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00063a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In vivo</i> inhibition of Aβ production by memapsin 2 (β‐secretase) inhibitors (2004)

We have previously reported structure-based design of memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) inhibitors with high potency. Here we show that two such inhibitors covalently linked to a "carrier peptide" penetrated the plasma membrane in cultured cells and inhibited the production of beta-amyloid (Abeta). Intraperitoneal injection of the conjugated inhibitors in transgenic Alzheimer's mice (Tg2576) resulted in a significant decrease of Abeta level in the plasma and brain. These observations verified that memapsin 2 is a therapeutic target for Abeta reduction and also establish that transgenic mice are suitable in vivo models for the study of memapsin 2 inhibition.
Sterically Stabilized Doxorubicin Loaded Liposomes (Dox-Sl™): From Basics to the Clinics (1996)

Abstract This short paper describes the problems, and their solutions, of formulating liposomal dosage forms for clinical use, as exemplified in tumor therapy by liposomal doxorubicin. We will demonstrate that the development of an efficacious drug delivery system requires fitting the delivery system to the micro-anatomy of the tumor. Many tumors have gaps in their capillarics which permit particles smaller than 120 nm to slowly extravasate into the tumor. Therefore small liposomes having a prolonged circulation time may be suitable drug carriers for tumor therapy. Recently a liposomal doxorubicin formulation (DOX-SL™) was recommended for approval by the US FDA, with indications of treating Kaposi's sarcoma. These liposomes seem to be efficacious in other types of tumors as well. The unique features of this formulation include: control of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the intact liposomes through liposome lipid composition, especially the role of steric stabilization of the liposomes which enable prolonging their circulation time (human t1/2 > 50 h); stable loading of a sufficient level of drug through an ammonium sulfate gradient; and small particle size (100 nm) These special features enable the development of liposomal doxorubicin which in humans delivers the active drug to the tumor more efficiently than the use of the free drug. These novel liposomal formulations may provide the means for realizing Paul Erlich's dream of active targeting by a “magic bullet”.
Passive flow control valve for protein delivery (2017)

Passive flow control valves are usually intended to deliver or drain a fluid at a constant rate independently of pressure variations. Microfluidic devices made of a stack of two plates are considered here: the first plate comprises a flexible silicon membrane having through holes while the second plate is a rigid substrate with a cavity, an outlet hole and pillars aligned with the through holes of the membrane. The liquid flows through the holes etched in the membrane and through the gap between the membrane and the pillars. Each gap can be considered as a valve which progressively closes as the pressure increases. Numerical modelling of the fluid dynamics inside the device associated with FEM simulations of the membrane distortion have been performed to design a device that exhibits a constant flow rate in a specified range of pressure. To make the design more reliable, the device characteristics have been optimized using a genetic algorithm, the fitness function taking notably into account machining and alignment tolerances. This algorithm has been finally used to design flow control valves for wearable injectors dedicated to the infusion of viscous drug formulations (hyaluronic acid, adalimumab, golimumab …) at high pressure. Prototypes have been characterized using solutions of 12 and 24 cP. It has been demonstrated experimentally that this technology is suitable to passively infuse biological products at flow rates up to 1 mL/min. The numerical model has then been refined further so as to obtain a good correlation with experimental data.
A Phase Confocal Method for Near-Field Microwave Imaging (2017)

A new fast imaging algorithm only using the phase information of electromagnetic fields for near-field microwave imaging is presented. This algorithm first compensates the phase shift as the wave back-propagates to the source, and then calculates the variance of phase of the shifted signals in terms of unit vector. This process is repeated at all focal points in the interested domain to form an image. The algorithm was validated by simulation and experiments; acceptable results were seen in both methods. To carry out the experimental test, we developed a fully automated microwave detection system containing a twin-antenna system whose movement can be controlled to form a synthetic aperture. Experiments were fully controlled by our self-developed software supporting remote operations. Although only 2-D imaging tests are discussed in this paper, the algorithm and the measurement system are able to fulfill 3-D rapid microwave scans.
Power-Factor Controller With Fast Load Response (1984)

Sudden changes in induced emf sensed. In refinement of soft starting three phase power-factor controller, additional components enable circuit to respond quickly to sudden increase in motor load. Rapid-load-response addition senses induced motor emf to detect sudden load increase and generates command signal to increase applied power in response.
Synthesis and antibronchospastic activity of 8-alkoxy- and 8-(alkylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines (1992)

Theophylline still occupies a dominant place in asthma therapy. Unfortunately its adverse central nervous system (CNS) stimulant effects can dramatically limit its use, and adjustments in the dosage are often needed. We have synthesized a new series of imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazine derivatives which are much more potent bronchodilators than theophylline in vivo and do not exhibit the CNS stimulatory profile. In vitro studies on isolated rat uterus and guinea pig trachea confirm the high potentialities of these derivatives. 6-Bromo-8-(methylamino)imidazo[1,2-alpha]-pyrazine-3-carbonitrile (23) is identified as the most potent compound of the series. As in the case of theophylline, phosphodiesterase inhibition appears unlikely to be the unique mechanism of action of this series of heterocycles.
A Novel Approach to Improve Heat Dissipation of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors with a Backside Cu Via (2015)

A novel approach by employing a Cu filled via hole under device active area to improve heat dissipation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on silicon substrate is proposed. In this study, finite element analysis was employed to simulate the temperature distributions of reference HEMT and proposed model. By introducing a Cu filled via underneath the active area and removing a thermal resistive layer resulted from the nucleation layer generated during the HEMT structure grwoth, the maximum junction temperature could be reduced from 147 to 123ºC at a power density of 5W/mm.
X-ray photonic microsystems for the manipulation of synchrotron light (2015)

Photonic microsystems played an essential role in the development of integrated photonic devices, thanks to their unique spatiotemporal control and spectral shaping capabilities. Similar capabilities to markedly control and manipulate X-ray radiation are highly desirable but practically impossible due to the massive size of the silicon single-crystal optics currently used. Here we show that micromechanical systems can be used as X-ray optics to create and preserve the spatial, temporal and spectral correlation of the X-rays. We demonstrate that, as X-ray reflective optics they can maintain the wavefront properties with nearly 100% reflectivity, and as a dynamic diffractive optics they can generate nanosecond time windows with over 100-kHz repetition rates. Since X-ray photonic microsystems can be easily incorporated into lab-based and next-generation synchrotron X-ray sources, they bring unprecedented design flexibility for future dynamic and miniature X-ray optics for focusing, wavefront manipulation, multicolour dispersion, and pulse slicing.
Further optimization of peptide substrate enhanced assay performance for BoNT/A detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (2017)

Rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause botulism, is essential in a public health emergency or bioterrorism event. We have previously developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based functional method, Endopep-MS assay, for the fast detection and differentiation of all BoNT serotypes by affinity enriching the toxin and detecting the serotype-specific cleavage products of peptide substrates derived from the in vivo targets. To improve the performance of the Endopep-MS assay, we report here the further optimization of the peptide substrate for the detection of serotype A botulinum neurotoxins. An increased substrate cleavage was achieved by extending the original peptide N-terminus with optimized amino acid sequence, increasing the detection sensitivity of the method. In addition, the resistance of the substrate to nonspecific hydrolysis was dramatically improved by selectively substituting amino acids at the scissile bond and various other positions of the extended peptide. Moreover, incorporating the N-terminal hydrophobic residues dramatically improved the relative intensity of the cleavage products in the mass spectra. This allowed easy detection of the cleavage products, further enhancing the performance of the assay. The limit of detection for spiked serum sample was enhanced from 0.5 to 0.1 mouseLD<sub>50</sub> and from 0.5 to 0.2 mouseLD<sub>50</sub> for spiked stool. Graphical abstract Mass spectra of optimized and old peptide substrates with BoNT/A.
Carbohydrate binding activities of Bradyrhizobium japonicum: unipolar localization of the lectin BJ38 on the bacterial cell surface. (1993)

A polyclonal antiserum generated against the Bradyrhizobium japonicum lectin BJ38 was characterized to be specifically directed against the protein. Treatment of B. japonicum cells with this antiserum and subsequent visualization with transmission electron microscopy and both conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed BJ38 at only one pole of the bacterium. BJ38 appeared to be organized in a tuft-like mass, separated from the bacterial outer membrane. BJ38 localization was coincident with the attachment site for (i) homotypic agglutination to other B. japonicum cells, (ii) adhesion to the cultured soybean cell line SB-1, and (iii) adsorption to Sepharose beads covalently derivatized with lactose. In contrast, the plant lectin soybean agglutinin labeled the bacteria at the pole distant from the bacterial attachment site. These results indicate that the topological distribution of BJ38 is consistent with a suggested role for this bacterial lectin in the polar binding of B. japonicum to other cells and surfaces.
Efficient Recombinant Parvovirus Production with the Help of Adenovirus-derived Systems (2012)

Rodent parvoviruses (PV) such as rat H-1PV and MVM, are small icosahedral, single stranded, DNA viruses. Their genome includes two promoters P4 and P38 which regulate the expression of non-structural (NS1 and NS2) and capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2) respectively(1). They attract high interest as anticancer agents for their oncolytic and oncosuppressive abilities while being non-pathogenic for humans(2). NS1 is the major effector of viral cytotoxicity(3). In order to further enhance their natural antineoplastic activities, derivatives from these vectors have been generated by replacing the gene encoding for the capsid proteins with a therapeutic transgene (e.g. a cytotoxic polypeptide, cytokine, chemokine, tumour suppressor gene etc.)(4). The recombinant parvoviruses (recPVs) vector retains the NS1/2 coding sequences and the PV genome telomeres which are necessary for viral DNA amplification and packaging. Production of recPVs occurs only in the producer cells (generally HEK293T), by co-transfecting the cells with a second vector (pCMV-VP) expressing the gene encoding for the VP proteins (Fig. 1)(4). The recPV vectors generated in this way are replication defective. Although recPVs proved to possess enhanced oncotoxic activities with respect to the parental viruses from which they have been generated, their production remains a major challenge and strongly hampers the use of these agents in anti-cancer clinical applications. We found that introduction of an Ad-5 derived vector containing the E2a, E4(orf6) and the VA RNA genes (e.g. pXX6 plasmid) into HEK293T improved the production of recPVs by more than 10 fold in comparison to other protocols in use. Based on this finding, we have constructed a novel Ad-VP-helper that contains the genomic adenoviral elements necessary to enhance recPVs production as well as the parvovirus VP gene unit(5). The use of Ad-VP-helper, allows production of rec-PVs using a protocol that relies entirely on viral infection steps (as opposed to plasmid transfection), making possible the use of cell lines that are difficult to transfect (e.g. NB324K) (Fig. 2). We present a method that greatly improves the amount of recombinant virus produced, reducing both the production time and costs, without affecting the quality of the final product(5). In addition, large scale production of recPV (in suspension cells and bioreactors) is now conceivable.
Parameterization of the score threshold for a text-dependent adaptive speaker verification system (2004)

We present a computationally efficient strategy for setting a priori thresholds in an adaptive speaker verification system. We have two motivations: to eliminate the externally preset overall system thresholds and replace them with automatically-set internal thresholds conditioned by a target FA rate and calculated at runtime; to counter the verification score shifts resulting from online adaptation. Our approach entails calculating the trajectory of the score threshold as a function of 1) length of the password, 2) target FA, 3) the number of training frames in the speaker model. The solution is successful at both achieving the target FA rates and keeping the FA rate constant during online adaptation. Furthermore, it is algorithmically simple and requires negligible computational resources. The threshold function is calibrated on a Japanese database and experimental results are presented on 12 databases in four different languages.
Defined-Grain Polycrystalline Thin Film Transistors Using Solution-Based Metal Induced Crystallization (2010)

A new technique has been proposed to define and control the grain boundaries and domains of low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) films. It can be realized by combination of the solution process and the provision of nucleation sites (NS) and supplemental sites (SS). As a result, the crystallized poly-Si film has a much lower nickel concentration as compared to traditional metal induced lateral crystallization (MILC) poly-Si. High performance TFTs are obtained regardless of the position of the grain boundaries. Different shapes of domains can be obtained corresponding to different distributions of the NS and SS. Among the optimal designs, a honeycomb-like structure and a unidirectional structure are the most typical and practical. With the repeatedly regular distribution of the NS and the SS, domains of the same shape and size can be achieved. This process is precisely controllable and the crystallization time can be reduced to about 2 h at the annealing temperature of 590 degree C. The fabricated P-channel defined-grain (DG) poly-Si TFTs exhibited a maximum field effect mobility ( Kappa FE) of ~55 cm(2)/V upsilon . s, a subthreshold swing (S) of ~0.6 V/dec and a threshold voltage (V(th)) of ~3 V. The ratio of on-state to off-state drain currents is ~1 x 10(7). 介紹了一種新的金屬誘導多晶硅技術。該技術的核心是預設規則化晶核定位孔和鎳源補充孔與溶液浸蘸技術的結合。以定位孔為晶化的起始點,晶化過程中消耗的鎳可通過分布在周邊的鎳源補充孔中的鎳給予補充。這樣可以大大降低晶核定位孔中的初始鎳量,使整個多晶硅薄膜中不存在明顯的高鎳含量區。即包括晶核定位孔、鎳源補充孔在內的整個多晶硅薄膜區域內,能形成連續晶疇的多晶硅薄膜,都可作為高質量TFT的有源層。根據晶核定位孔分布形式的不同,可以設計成規則、重復的分布形式,獲得正六邊形的蜂巢晶體薄膜和準平行晶帶晶體薄膜。這些規則形成的晶疇形狀與尺寸相同,可準確地控制晶化的過程,具有晶化時間的高可控性和工藝過程的高穩定性,故而適合于工業化生產的要求。利用些技術,當溫度為590 ℃時,可將晶化時間縮短至2 h之內。用這種多晶硅薄膜為有源層,所得多晶硅TFT的場效應遷移率典型值為～55 cm2/V.s ,亞閾值斜擺幅為0 .6 V/dec ,開關電流比為～1×107,開啟電壓為-3 V。
Apolipoprotein Concentrations Are Elevated in Malignant Ovarian Cyst Fluids Suggesting That Lipoprotein Metabolism Is Dysregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2013)

SELDI-TOF MS analysis of ovarian cyst fluids revealed that peaks m/z 8696 and 8825 discriminate malignant, borderline, and benign tumors. These peaks correspond to isoforms of apoA2. ELISA demonstrates that apoA1, A2, B, C2, C3, and E cyst fluid concentrations are uncorrelated and higher in malignant ovarian tumors, but only apoA2, apoE, and age are independent classifiers of malignant ovarian tumors, yielding 55.1% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 88.1% accuracy to discern malignant from benign and borderline tumors. These data suggest that lipoprotein metabolism is dysregulated in ovarian cancer and that apoA2 and apoE warrant further investigation as ovarian tumor biomarkers.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ultra-wide Bandgap AlN-Based Schottky Diodes on Sapphire by MOCVD (2017)

AlN Schottky diodes with various device geometries were fabricated on sapphire substrate and their temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics were analyzed. At forward bias, high ideality factors were obtained, indicating a large deviation from the ideal thermionic emission model. At reverse bias, the breakdown voltage showed a negative temperature dependence, and the leakage current was well described using a 2-D variable-range hopping conduction model. Furthermore, the breakdown voltages and leakage currents of the devices showed a strong dependence on the surface distance between the ohmic and Schottky contacts, but a relatively small dependence on the area of the Schottky contacts. These results suggest surface states between ohmic and Schottky contacts play a more important role than the metal/AlN interface in determining the reverse breakdown and leakage current of AlN Schottky diodes. A quantitative study of AlN Schottky diodes at high temperature reveals a geometry-dependent surface breakdown electric field and surface leakage current. Surface passivation and treatments may enhance the device performances and impact the reverse breakdown and current leakage mechanisms. These results will serve as the guidance for the design and fabrication of future AlN electronic devices.