gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Coulter LH 750 in a hospital reference laboratory. (2003)

Validation of the Coulter LH 750 was carried out in our central hospital laboratory, which processes 1500 hemograms per day for patients admitted into the 4 hospitals of our hospital complex and their corresponding outpatient departments. It is the reference laboratory for the provincial health care area. The analytical quality and the practical use of the instrument were studied, and we obtained within- and between-run imprecision estimates with reference controls of between 0.24% and 2.56% and inaccuracies of between -1.32% and 3.07% for basic hemogram parameters. Similar results were obtained with specimens from patients, with imprecision estimates between 0.56% and 2.56%. Linearity estimates were between 0.3 x 10(9)/L and 380 x 10(9)/L for leukocytes and between 3 x 10(9)/L and 1900 x 10(9)/L for platelets. The instrument evaluation was completed with a study of interference by bilirubin, lipemia, hemolysis, platelet clumps, and heparin and an examination of other variables, including carryover, detection limits, and the correlation of results with those of the Coulter Gen-S. A special evaluation was made of the new erythroblast count feature; with reference controls, imprecision estimates for this count were 10% to 12%, and with patient specimens imprecision averaged 10.39% up to 4 erythroblasts per 100 leukocytes. We also studied the correlation of LH 750 results and interferences with those of the manual reference method. Finally, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards protocols were used to test for suspect and confirmation flags in leukocyte differential counts for 258 specimens representative of our routine. The practicability of the analyzer was studied in terms of technical difficulty, speed, and cost; also evaluated were new software elements for validation by source clinic and pathology and for reference values based on age. In conclusion, we analyzed the impact and improvements that may be expected in our laboratory (a user of Technicon and Coulter instruments) from introducing the new LH 750 analyzer into our routine.
The changing face of knowledge (1999)

A change is occurring in how people think about who in the organization has credible and valuable knowledge that the organization can use to solve its difficult problems. This shift is a movement away from the idea that knowledge is found only in a select group of experts or “best” practitioners and toward the idea that useful knowledge is distributed throughout the whole of an organization. Knowledge‐sharing systems at Ford, British Petroleum and Lockheed‐Martin reflect this change.
Mixed Excitation Prototype Waveform Interpolation for Low Bit Rate Speech Coding (2005)

This paper describes a new method for speech coding called Mixed Excitation Prototype Waveform Interpolation (MEPWI). This method models the speech excitation as the sum of a quasi-periodic deterministic component which evolves smoothly with time and a stochastic component which exhibits unpredictable fluctuations. The deterministic component is represented by interpolation of a sequence of prototype waveforms, while the stochastic component is modeled parametrically as random noise with time-varying frequency content and power level. These two signals are added together to form a single mixed excitation which is used to excite an LPC synthesis filter. When this method is used to model voiced speech, excellent speech quality is ob tained over many kinds of input signals, including breathy speech and speech in acoustic background noise.
Cellular and Molecular Dynamics in Exercise-Induced Urticarial Vasculitis Lesions (1998)

The extracellular deposition of eosinophil granule proteins, in addition to the deposition of immune complexes and a variety of cytokines from the infiltrating cells, appears to be one of the key biological events that determines whether urticarial lesions resolve without causing vasculitis or develop into vasculitis.
Multiplexed Protein Quantification with Barcoded Hydrogel Microparticles (2010)

We demonstrate the use of graphically encoded hydrogel microparticles for the sensitive and high-throughput multiplexed detection of clinically relevant protein panels in complex media. Combining established antibody capture techniques with advances in both microfluidic synthesis and analysis, we detected 1−8 pg/mL amounts of three cytokines (interleuken-2, interleuken-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in single and multiplexed assays without the need for filtration or blocking agents. A range of hydrogel porosities was investigated to ensure rapid diffusion of targets and reagents into the particle as well as to maintain the structural integrity of particles during rinsing procedures and high-velocity microfluidic scanning. Covalent incorporation of capture antibodies using a heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) linker enabled one-step synthesis and functionalization of particles using only small amounts of valuable reagents. In addition to the use of three separate types of single-probe particles, the flexibility of the stop-flow lithography (SFL) method was leveraged to spatially segregate the three probes for the aforementioned target set on an individual encoded particle, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of single-particle diagnostic panels. This study establishes the gel−particle platform as a versatile tool for the efficient quantification of protein targets and significantly advances efforts to extend the advantages of both hydrogel substrates and particle-based arrays to the field of clinical proteomics.
Myopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. (1983)

One hundred and fifty-five premature infants weighing 600-2000 g were followed up during 1974-80 for the presence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and for the existence of myopia. 50% of the premature infants who had ROP were myopic, while only 16% myopic premature infants were found among those who did not have ROP. There was a positive correlation between the degree of myopia and the severity of cicatricial ROP. No difference existed in the frequency and degree of myopia between premature infants in which ROP cicatrised spontaneously and in those where it cicatrised after cryopexy.
Ultrathin Metal Films as the Transparent Electrode in ITO‐Free Organic Optoelectronic Devices (2019)

Abstract Transparent conductive electrodes, as transmission windows of photons and electrons, play important roles in high‐performance organic optoelectronic devices. The replacement of widely used indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes has been attempted due to the increasing cost and intrinsically brittle characteristics of ITO. Ultrathin metal films, with excellent optoelectrical features, high flexibility, and sufficient mechanical stability, have been considered a potential candidate for the use as transparent conductive electrodes. However, ultrathin metal films follow the Volmer–Weber mechanism, resulting in a rough and discontinuous morphology with poor optoelectrical properties due to the bad adhesion to substrates. This review summarizes the progress in strategies for preparing ultrathin and ultrasmooth metal films with superior transmittance and conductivity by successfully suppressing the Volmer–Weber mechanism. The electrical and optical performances of the ultrathin metal films based on improved nucleation processes, as well as applications in ITO‐free organic optoelectronic devices, are also described and discussed in detail.
Why did the robot cross the road? — Learning from multi-modal sensor data for autonomous road crossing (2017)

We consider the problem of developing robots that navigate like pedestrians on sidewalks through city centers for performing various tasks including delivery and surveillance. One particular challenge for such robots is crossing streets without pedestrian traffic lights. To solve this task the robot has to decide based on its sensory input if the road is clear. In this work, we propose a novel multi-modal learning approach for the problem of autonomous street crossing. Our approach solely relies on laser and radar data and learns a classifier based on Random Forests to predict when it is safe to cross the road. We present extensive experimental evaluations using real-world data collected from multiple street crossing situations which demonstrate that our approach yields a safe and accurate street crossing behavior and generalizes well over different types of situations. A comparison to alternative methods demonstrates the advantages of our approach.
A multisensor robotic module interchange system for space maintenance (2003)

The authors show the feasibility of realistic autonomous space manipulation tasks using multisensory information from a vision, force/torque, and touch sensor. They describe the basic functions of the robotic system including the design, implementation, and integration of each of the sensors mentioned above. The cooperative use of sensors is shown through mating/demating of a module interchange system. Autonomous location of the mating element, autonomous location of a guiding light target, mating and demating of the system are successfully performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A mutator phenotype in cancer. (2001)

We have proposed that an early step in tumor progression is the expression of a mutator phenotype resulting from mutations in genes that normally function in the maintenance of genetic stability. There is new and strong experimental evidence that supports the concept of a mutator phenotype in cancer. As technologies for chromosomal visualization and DNA advance, there are increasing data that human cancer cells contain large numbers of mutations. First, I will review the concept of a mutator phenotype. Second, I will present the recent evidence that individual cancer cells contain thousands of mutations. Third, I will explore potential target genes that are required for maintenance of genetic stability in normal cells and ask if they are mutated in cancer cells. Fourth, I will address the timing of a mutator phenotype; is it an early event during tumor progression? Do tumors already contain cells that harbor mutations rendering them resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents? Lastly, I will speculate on the theoretical and practical implication of a mutator phenotype in cancer and consider the possibility of cancer prevention by delay, i.e., a reduction in mutation rates early during carcinogenesis might slow the progression of tumors.
TRPC6: an underlying target for human glaucoma. (2012)

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Of known risk factors for glaucoma, an increased in intraocular pressure is most highly correlated with glaucomatous damage. Irrespective of the cause, apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells is the eventual outcome. It is widely accepted that glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that is strongly correlated with central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. These two disorders also share some similarities in pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that the transient receptor potential canonical 6 channel could work together with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote neuron survival in brain and retina. In this study, we propose that transient receptor potential canonical 6 may contribute to the pathogenesis of human glaucoma and become a potential therapeutic target.
W32.Duqu: the precursor to the next stuxnet (2012)

On October 14, 2011, we were alerted to a sample by the Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS) at Budapest University of Technology and Economics. The threat appeared very similar to the Stuxnet worm from June of 2010 [1]. CrySyS named the threat Duqu [dyu-kyu] because it creates files with the file name prefix “~DQ” [2]. We confirmed Duqu is a threat nearly identical to Stuxnet, but with a completely different purpose of espionage rather than sabotage.
Efficient approximation of response time densities and quantiles in stochastic models (2004)

Response time densities and quantiles are important performance and quality of service metrics, but their analytical derivation is, in general, very expensive. This paper presents a technique for determining approximate response time densities in Markov and semi-Markov stochastic models that requires two orders of magnitude less computation than exact Laplace transform-based techniques. The method computes the first four moments of the desired response time and then makes use of Generalised Lambda Distributions to obtain an approximation of the corresponding density. Numerical results show good agreement over a range of response time curves, particularly for those that are unimodal.
Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Up-Link NOMA System for IoT Communication Equipping Repetition Transmission and Receive Diversity (2019)

The number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices will increase rapidly. In next-generation mobile communication systems, a base station (BS) must effectively accommodate massive numbers of IoT devices. To address this problem, we have proposed a novel up-link non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system that can also be utilized for low latency communication. We have developed and evaluated the system through computer simulation. This paper describes experiments conducted on a prototype system in actual environments. The paper shows results of the experiments when 3 fixed user equipments (UEs) and 2 mobile UEs transmitted signals simultaneously to a BS and then the BS separated superimposed signals using successive interference cancellation (SIC). We also evaluated repetition transmission (RT) and space receive diversity (SD) techniques employed to enhance the signal separation performance for NOMA systems. The results of the experiments confirm that the system using neither SD nor RT could separate 3.5 UEs' signals on average while employing either SD or RT could make the number increase to 4.1 and 4.0, respectively. When both SD and RT were employed, the number rose to 4.4.
Ferrochemical Materials (2012)

Amphiphilic molecules such as phospholipids, smectic liquid crystals or diblock copolymers are chemical dipoles which, under appropriate conditions, spontaneously line up side by side in a ferro-like arrangement to form stable monolayers. In three dimensions, these monolayers stack in a head-to-tail or antiferro-like arrangement, which favors monopolar contact between similar species. It results in a symmetric bilayered lamellar material. Here we show that dipolar chemical interactions can be extended in the direction normal to the lamellae by the use of triphilic rather than amphiphilic molecules, so that stable self-assembled smectic stacks may be designed with a fully polar, hence noncentrosymmetric, ordering. We describe in details a generic model of such materials. It is made of a mixture of three triblock copolymers aBc, bCa, and cAb with their end blocks twice sorter than the corresponding middle block. Because each constitutive molecule extends over three different chemical layers, all pairs of adjacent layers are linked and oriented via dipolar interactions. As a consequence, a polar structure with remarkable thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities is expected. We name these materials “ferrochemicals” because any given triblock molecule of the blend is oriented the same way through the whole sample due to chemical dipole interactions with all neighboring molecules. In the polymer case, the polar lamellar stacks can also be used as organic matrices hosting and orienting inorganic Janus particles in order to get a large variety of hybrid polar materials with interesting nonlinear optical, ferromagnetic, or ferroelectric properties.
Focal adhesion kinase and fibrosis (2009)

Focal adhesion kinase(FAK),a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase,is siting at the cross road of numerous intra-cellular signal transduction.The activated FAK has been implicated in a diverse array of cellular behavious.Recent research on FAK and fibrosis show that FAK plays an important role in fibrosis disease,so the targeting of FAK may be a novel therapeutic strategy.
Enhancement of polymorphonuclear cell-mediated tumor cell killing on simultaneous engagement of fcgammaRI (CD64) and fcalphaRI (CD89). (2001)

Antibodies can efficiently induce antitumor responses via recruitment of Fc receptor-bearing cytotoxic cells. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells represent attractive effector cells for antibody-directed immunotherapy. This, because activated PMN cells coexpress the class I receptors for IgG (FcgammaRI, CD64) and IgA (FcalphaRI, CD89), which are potent cytotoxic trigger molecules. Both receptors, however, require the FcR gamma chain for signaling. In this study, we show that FcgammaRI and FcalphaRI can trigger function independently of one another and do not cross-compete for the FcR gamma chain. FcalphaRI proved more efficient in initiating early signaling events and effector functions, such as redirected tumor cell killing and generation of superoxide. In addition, simultaneous engagement of FcgammaRI and FcalphaRI resulted in enhanced tumor cell lysis. These data support the development of concepts in which both FcgammaRI and FcalphaRI on PMN cells are targeted for tumor therapy.
Variable-Scale Map For Small-display Cartography (2002)

The aim of this paper is to develop methods for presenting geodata for personal navigation in real-time to a mobile user. Ideally, the user should have an overview map in the vicinity of his position; required for e.g. choosing the right road in a crossing. At the same time the user requires a small-scale map where he can see the final target of his route. A solution to obtain these user requirements is to create a variable-scale map that is constantly changing to make the user position always be in the large-scale part of the map. In the paper a formula for a variable-scale map is derived and its properties are demonstrated. Furthermore, real-time generalisation methods are described, these methods are used to adapt the original cartographic data to the small-scale areas of the map. A prototype system of a variable-scale approach was created using the emerging XML-based vector-data standards (GML and SVG), where the generalisation and scale-variations were performed in an XSLT transformation. The paper describes a minor case study which shows that variable-scale maps have a potential for personal navigation.
Analysis of Lateral Fluid Gradients From DFA Measurements and Simulation of Reservoir Fluid Mixing Processes Over Geologic Time (2021)

Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) is one pillar of reservoir fluid geodynamics (RFG). DFA measurements provide both vertical and lateral fluid gradient data. These gradients, especially the asphaltene gradient derived from accurate optical density (OD) measurements, are critical in thermodynamic analysis to assess equilibration level and identify RFG processes. Recently, an RFG study was conducted using DFA and laboratory data from an oil field in the Norwegian North Sea. Fluid OD gradients show equilibrated asphaltenes in most of the reservoir, with a lateral variation of 20%. This indicates connectivity, which is confirmed by three years of production data. Two outliers are off the asphaltene equilibrium curve implying isolated sections, one each on the extreme east and west flank. Their asphaltene fraction varies by a factor of six. Such a difference reveals that different charge fluids entered the reservoir, and the equilibrated asphaltenes are the result of an after-charge mixing process. Meanwhile, different gas-oil contacts (GOCs) exist in the reservoir, indicating a lateral solution-gas gradient. Geochemistry analysis shows the same level of mild biodegradation in all the fluid samples, including those from two isolated sections. This means that biodegraded oil spills into the whole reservoir with little or no in-reservoir biodegradation. Furthermore, lateral asphaltene gradients at different times after charge have been preserved; it was a factor of six in asphaltenes content initially and is now 20% in the present day. This unique data set provides a valuable constraint to simulate reservoir fluid after-charge mixing processes to present day, aiming to investigate the factors impacting the evolution of lateral composition gradients in geologic time in a connected reservoir. Numerical simulations were performed over geologic time in reservoirs filled by oil with a lateral density gradient, which imitates the lateral compositional gradients in the gas-oil ratio (GOR) and asphaltenes measured in the above oil field. Simulations show that this lateral gradient creates lateral differential pressures and causes a countercurrent fluid flow forming a convection cell. In reservoirs with realistic vertical-to-horizontal aspect ratios, such fluid flows are not rapid, and lateral gradients can be partially retained in moderate geologic times. Additionally, diffusion was included in the simulation. The reservoir model was initialized with two GOCs producing subtle lateral GOR and density gradients. The simulated mixing process transports gas from higher GOR regions to lower GOR regions and reduces the GOC difference. However, the flux of solution gas transport is small. Consequently, we conclude that lateral GOR and asphaltene gradients can persist for moderate geologic time, which is consistent with observation from the field.
Microsleep during a Simplified Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (2001)

Daytime somnolence is both a symptom in many patients and a prevalent complaint in the general population, but its objective assessment remains elusive. The current available tests are technically complex and thus inadequate for routine clinical use or epidemiological studies. A simplified behavioral maintenance of wakefulness test (OSLER test) has been recently described that could allow for widespread availability of objective measurements of this symptom. We verified the occurrence of (micro)sleep (episodes of sleep of > or = 3 s duration) during the performance of the OSLER test in 10 normal subjects after a non-sleep-deprived night and a sleep-deprived night in randomized order. Sleep was assessed electrophysiologically according to standard methods. The OSLER test (mean of four measurements) was significantly shorter after the sleep-deprived night (25 min versus 38 min). Single missed stimuli were frequent with or without (micro)sleep, but (micro)sleep was almost always present when four or more consecutive stimuli were missed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test in detecting sleep (of > or = 3 s duration) are 85% and 94%, respectively. The total number of missed stimuli per minute duration of the test could add valuable information to the simpler mean test result. Sensitivity and specificity are not altered when only three measurements are performed. We conclude that the OSLER test appears as a simple, easy, and reliable method to objectively assess daytime somnolence.
Synthesis and biological activity of photoactive derivatives of erythromycin (1989)

Five photoactive derivatives of erythromycin have been synthesized by linking to 9(S)-aminoerythromycin either an aryl azide or a p-nitrophenyl ether. One derivative is an amide formed by reaction with (5-azido-2-formyl-phenoxy)acetic acid. Three derivatives are also amides, synthesized with 4-(p-nitroguaiacoxy)butanoic acid as a photoreactive group either directly or by interposing an amino acid (glycine or tyrosine). The last derivative is the product of the aldehyde condensation of aminoerythromycin with 10-(p-nitroguaiacoxy)decanal. Two of these derivatives can easily be made radioactive for affinity labeling studies either by reduction with [3H]borohydride (aryl azide derivative) or by 125I iodination (4-(p-nitroguaiacoxy)tyrosyl derivative). Although affected to different extents, the five erythromycin derivatives are biologically active and bind to the erythromycin-specific site on the bacterial ribosomes. In addition, the introduction of these groups changes the erythromycin inhibition pattern of peptide bond model reactions.