gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Selectivity in Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Mediated by Chiral Molecules (2019)

Optical control and readout of electron spin and spin currents in thin films and nanostructures have remained attractive yet challenging goals for emerging technologies designed for applications in information processing and storage. Recent advances in room-temperature spin polarization using nanometric chiral molecular assemblies suggest that chemically modified surfaces or interfaces can be used for optical spin conversion by exploiting photoinduced charge separation and injection from well-coupled organic chromophores or quantum dots. Using light to drive photoexcited charge-transfer processes mediated by molecules with central or helical chirality enables indirect measurements of spin polarization attributed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect and of the efficiency of spin-dependent electron transfer relative to competitive relaxation pathways. Herein, we highlight recent approaches used to detect and to analyze spin selectivity in photoinduced charge transfer including spin-transfer torque for local magnetization, nanoscale charge separation and polarization, and soft ferromagnetic substrate magnetization- and chirality-dependent photoluminescence. Building on these methods through systematic investigation of molecular and environmental parameters that influence spin filtering should elucidate means to manipulate electron spins and photoexcited states for room-temperature optoelectronic and photospintronic applications.
Low-loss Te-based chalcogenide glass optical fibers (1986)

Infrared optical fibers composed of Te-based chalcogenide glass have been fabricated by using a high-speed drawing method. Transmission loss at 10.6 μm wavelength is reduced to 1.5 dB/m.
Research and implementation of trigger fast control system of BESIII (2007)

The Fast Control System(FCS) for BESⅢ is under development.It is consisted of 6 types of VME modules.The one task of FCS is to send trigger commands to DAQ,such as 'pass level 1 trigger'(L1),clocks and some control signals.Another task is to collect read-out state informations from different electronics systems and give out error report.High-speed serial optical fiber transmission and LVDS techniques are used to transfer signals between the FCS and other systems.The high-speed digital design techniques are applied in circuits.The FPGAs are used for FCS logic implementations.
Heat-and-run (2004)

Power density in high-performance processors continues to increase with technology generations as scaling of current, clock speed, and device density outpaces the downscaling of supply voltage and thermal ability of packages to dissipate heat. Power density is characterized by localized chip hot spots that can reach critical temperatures and cause failure. Previous architectural approaches to power density have used global clock gating, fetch toggling, dynamic frequency scaling, or resource duplication to either prevent heating or relieve overheated resources in a superscalar processor. Previous approaches also evaluate design technologies where power density is not a major problem and most applications do not overheat the processor. Future processors, however, are likely to be chip multiprocessors (CMPs) with simultaneously-multithreaded (SMT) cores. SMT CMPs pose unique challenges and opportunities for power density. SMT and CMP increase throughput and thus on-chip heat, but also provide natural granularities for managing power-density. This paper is the first work to leverage SMT and CMP to address power density. We propose heat-and-run SMT thread assignment to increase processor-resource utilization before cooling becomes necessary by co-scheduling threads that use complimentary resources. We propose heat-and-run CMP thread migration to migrate threads away from overheated cores and assign them to free SMT contexts on alternate cores, leveraging availability of SMT contexts on alternate CMP cores to maintain throughput while allowing overheated cores to cool. We show that our proposal has an average of 9% and up to 34% higher throughput than a previous superscalar technique running the same number of threads.
The Oligo-Acyl Lysyl Antimicrobial Peptide C <sub>12</sub> K-2β <sub>12</sub> Exhibits a Dual Mechanism of Action and Demonstrates Strong <i>In Vivo</i> Efficacy against Helicobacter pylori (2011)

Helicobacter pylori has developed antimicrobial resistance to virtually all current antibiotics. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop new anti-H. pylori therapies. We recently described a novel oligo-acyl-lysyl (OAK) antimicrobial peptidomimetic, C(12)K-2β(12), that shows potent in vitro bactericidal activity against H. pylori. Herein, we define the mechanism of action and evaluate the in vivo efficacy of C(12)K-2β(12) against H. pylori after experimental infection of Mongolian gerbils. We demonstrate using a 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (fluorescent probe) uptake assay and electron microscopy that C(12)K-2β(12) rapidly permeabilizes the bacterial membrane and creates pores that cause bacterial cell lysis. Furthermore, using nucleic acid binding assays, Western blots, and confocal microscopy, we show that C(12)K-2β(12) can cross the bacterial membranes into the cytoplasm and tightly bind to bacterial DNA, RNA, and proteins, a property that may result in inhibition of enzymatic activities and macromolecule synthesis. To define the in vivo efficacy of C(12)K-2β(12), H. pylori-infected gerbils were orogastrically treated with increasing doses and concentrations of C(12)K-2β(12) 1 day or 1 week postinfection. The efficacy of C(12)K-2β(12) was strongest in animals that received the largest number of doses at the highest concentration, indicating dose-dependent activity of the peptide (P < 0.001 by analysis of variance [ANOVA]) regardless of the timing of the treatment with C(12)K-2β(12). Overall, our results demonstrate a dual mode of action of C(12)K-2β(12) against the H. pylori membrane and cytoplasmic components. Moreover, and consistent with the previously reported in vitro efficacy, C(12)K-2β(12) shows significant in vivo efficacy against H. pylori when used as monotherapy. Therefore, OAK peptides may be a valuable resource for therapeutic treatment of H. pylori infection.
The Discriminator Bases G73 in Human tRNASer and A73 in tRNALeu Have Significantly Different Roles in the Recognition of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (1996)

The recognition of human tRNA(Leu) or tRNA(Ser) by cognate aminoacyl- tRNA synthetases has distinct requirements. Only one base change (A73-->G) in tRNA(Leu) is required to generate an efficient serine acceptor in vitro, whereas several changes in three structural domains (the acceptor stem, DHU loop and long extra arm) of tRNA(Ser) are necessary in order to produce a leucine acceptor. Hence, the molecular basis for the discrimination between human tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Leu) by the seryl-tRNA synthetase depends almost exclusively on a highly specific recognition of the discriminator base G73. In order to elucidate the specific role of the functional groups of this base in discrimination, tRNA(Ser) constructs were made which contain the artificial base analogues 2-aminopurine riboside or inosine at the discriminator position 73. Aminoacylation of these constructs by a HeLa S100 extract showed that molecules with 2-aminopurine riboside, but not with inosine, in position 73 could be serylated at low efficiency. However, the 2-aminopurine riboside and the inosine derivatives of tRNA(Ser) were equally efficient competitive inhibitors of serylation, whereas tRNAs(Ser) with any other natural base at position 73 did not competitively inhibit serylation of tRNA(Ser). This was in contrast to leucylation of tRNA(Leu), where tRNA(Leu) transcripts with any other nucleotide in the discriminator position acted as strong competitive inhibitors. These results suggest that the discriminator bases in human tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Leu) play completely different roles in recognition of the tRNAs by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
TRPV3: time to decipher a poorly understood family member! (2013)

The vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 differs in several aspects from other members of the TRPV subfamily. This Ca(2+)-, ATP- and calmodulin-regulated channel constitutes a target for many natural compounds and has a unique expression pattern as the most prominent and important TRP channel in keratinocytes of the skin. Although TRPV3 is considered as a thermosensitive channel, its function as a thermosensor in the skin is challenged. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in other skin functions such as cutaneous sensations, hair development and barrier function. More recently, mutations in TRPV3 were linked with a rare genodermatosis known as the Olmsted syndrome. This review gives an overview on properties of TRPV3 and its functions in the skin and skin diseases.
AUTOMATIC THRESHOLD SELECTION IN OS-CFAR RADAR DETECTION USING INFORMATION THEORETIC CRITERIA (2011)

This paper proposes a new approach for e-ciently determining the unwanted interfering samples in the reference window, for the ordered statistics constant false alarm rate detector, based on the application of the information theoretic criteria principle. The proposed processor termed as Forward Automatic Order Selection Ordered Statistics Detector (FAOSOSD) does not require any prior information about the number of interfering targets. The proposed design aims to improve the Ordered Statistics Constant False Alarm Rate detector performance under severe interference situations. The number of interfering targets is obtained by minimizing the information theoretic criteria. Simulation results that illustrate the performance of the proposed method versus the classical OS-CFAR, the AND-CFAR and the OR-CFAR detectors are presented and discussed.
Treatment of alcohol and other drug dependence (2007)

Addiction (e.g., alcohol or drugs) is a chronic disease. Specific behavioral and pharmacological treatments have proven efficacy. Addressing addiction includes intervention for risky and problem use. Clinicians who are not addiction specialists can play important roles in addressing addiction.
A PhoQ/P‐regulated small RNA regulates sensitivity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to antimicrobial peptides (2009)

Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) play a major role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Of the 80 sRNAs that have been identified in E. coli, one-third bind to the RNA chaperone Hfq. Hfq both stabilizes these sRNAs in vivo and stimulates pairing to targets in vitro. A novel Hfq-dependent RNA, called here MgrR, was identified by its ability to bind Hfq. Expression of MgrR requires the PhoQ/PhoP two-component system; the PhoP response regulator is active under low Mg2+ concentrations and is an important virulence regulator in Salmonella; mgrR is also found in Salmonella species. Negatively regulated targets of MgrR identified using microarrays include eptB, involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification, and ygdQ, encoding a hypothetical protein. Cell sensitivity to the antimicrobial polymyxin B is affected by LPS modifications, and cells carrying an mgrR deletion were approximately 10 times more resistant than wild-type cells to polymyxin B. Thus, lower Mg2+ concentrations, sensed by PhoQ/PhoP, lead to expression of MgrR, changing LPS. sRNAs have previously been shown to regulate many outer membrane proteins. This work demonstrates that LPS, a major contributor of bacterial interactions with mammalian cells, is also subject to regulation by sRNAs.
People Flow in Buildings – Evacuation Experiments and Modelling of Elevator Passenger Traffic (2015)

This dissertation studies people flow in buildings, especially the process of how passengers arrive at elevator lobbies, estimation of elevator passenger traffic, and human behaviour and decision making in evacuations. The arrival process is studied by taking into account, for the first time, that passengers do not always arrive and use elevators individually but rather in batches. The results suggest that the common assumption that individual arrivals follow a Poisson distribution may not hold when the proportion of batch arrivals is large. \n\nTo estimate the elevator passenger traffic in a building, new mathematical models and algorithms are developed. The new methods are based on mathematical optimization, namely, linear programming, integer least squares and constraint programming. The results from numerical experiments show that the new approaches satisfy real-time elevator control requirements. In addition, randomized algorithms result in better quality passenger traffic statistics than traditional deterministic algorithms. The dissertation presents also an experimental evacuation study. The results show that people may not be able to select the fastest exit route and that cooperation may slow down the evacuation. \n\nThe new estimation models and algorithms presented in this dissertation enable better elevator control and some of them are already being implemented by KONE Corporation. The results also give new insights into the process of how passengers arrive at the elevator lobbies and use elevators and into human behaviour in evacuation situations, which affect elevator and building safety planning.
TILs in metastatic melanoma tumors: A biomarker for immunotherapy? (2012)

8589 Background: Increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary (P) and locoregional melanoma tissue correlate with improved clinical outcome. Our recent data have suggested that matrix metalloproteinase 23 (MMP 23) expression (exp) in P result in lower prevalence of TILs and correlate with poor clinical outcome. On this basis, we examined P and metastatic (M) melanoma tissues to assess for concordance between the presence of TILs, MMP 23 protein levels and clinical response(resp) to anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) therapy (tx). Methods: 21 melanoma patients (pts) with M specimens were analyzed. 17 matched P specimens were also evaluated. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for TILs of the pre-anti-CTLA4 specimens were conducted and confirmed by 2 pathologists. IHC TILs were graded- 2+: >10% TILs present in multiple foci in both peri- and through the tumor; 1+: 1-10% TILs present in one or more foci in the tumor and predominantly peri-tumor; 0: no TILs were present or if the lymphocytes did not infiltrate the tumor. TILs in P and M were analyzed for concordance and potential for predictability of resp to anti-CTLA4 tx. Staining to identify lymphocyte subtypes and MMP 23 exp in M is being completed. Results: 20 pts received anti-CTLA4 tx. M analysis- 6 pts with 0 TILs in M (5 no response [NR], 1 partial response[PR]); 8 pts with 1-2+ TILs in M (1 complete response [CR], 5 PR, 2 progressive disease [PD]); 6 pts with 2+ TILs in M ( 3 CR, 2 PR, 1PD). 1 pt with 2+ TILs in M resected, no tx and 4 years disease free. TILs present in 13 P, absent in 4 P and not evaluable in 4 pts with unknown P melanoma. MMP 23 protein scores in P (range 2-4) correlated with melanoma recurrence. MMP 23 exp in M will be reported. Conclusions: TILs in P do not appear to correlate with TILs in M or predict for resp to anti-CTLA4 tx. TILs in M may be an indicator of responsiveness to anti-CTLA4 tx. Identification of the type of M TIL subsets may further refine tx recommendations.
Deep Machine Learning Techniques for the Detection and Classification of Sperm Whale Bioacoustics (2019)

We implemented Machine Learning (ML) techniques to advance the study of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) bioacoustics. This entailed employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to construct an echolocation click detector designed to classify spectrograms generated from sperm whale acoustic data according to the presence or absence of a click. The click detector achieved 99.5% accuracy in classifying 650 spectrograms. The successful application of CNNs to clicks reveals the potential of future studies to train CNN-based architectures to extract finer-scale details from cetacean spectrograms. Long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit recurrent neural networks were trained to perform classification tasks, including (1) "coda type classification" where we obtained 97.5% accuracy in categorizing 23 coda types from a Dominica dataset containing 8,719 codas and 93.6% accuracy in categorizing 43 coda types from an Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) dataset with 16,995 codas; (2) "vocal clan classification" where we obtained 95.3% accuracy for two clan classes from Dominica and 93.1% for four ETP clan types; and (3) "individual whale identification" where we obtained 99.4% accuracy using two Dominica sperm whales. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying ML to sperm whale bioacoustics and establish the validity of constructing neural networks to learn meaningful representations of whale vocalizations.
Oxidative Amidation in the Naphthalene Series (2015)

The successful oxidative spirocyclization of 1- or 2-naphtholic sulfonamides extends oxidative amidation methods to the naphthalene series. A method to prepare N-unsubstituted spirolactam derivatives of 1-naphthol is also presented.
焕新颜“心”健康 (2010)

时光匆匆而去的脚步在我们身上留下了印痕，有时候我们会想一年到头，究竟是在忙什么呢？付出了这么多，究竟又收获了什么呢，只能看着镜子里的自己一天天黯淡下去，皮肤粗糙，脸色枯黄，眼角的鱼尾纹越来越明显。但最重要的是，我们的心也累了，常常承受不了压力的负荷，无精打采，身心疲惫。
Cortical bone healing following laser osteotomy using 6.1 μm wavelength* (2001)

Histologic evaluation of osteotomy sites made in skeletally mature rabbit tibia using the 6.1 microm wavelength, 4.0 microsecond macropulse FEL, delivered at 6 Hz at the osteotomy site, reveals a healing response which is at least as good as the healing of bone saw osteotomies, and appears to proceed at a faster rate during the first 2-4 weeks following surgery.
Carbon nano-ink coated open cell polyurethane foam with micro-architectured multilayer skeleton for damping applications (2016)

Carbon nanotube ink coated multilayered polyurethane open cell foams utilize the CNT–CNT interfacial frictional damping mechanism, thus dramatically improving the foam energy dissipation capability by 270%.
Transplantation of Marrow Cells From Unrelated Donors for Treatment of High-Risk Acute Leukemia: The Effect of Leukemic Burden, Donor HLA-Matching, and Marrow Cell Dose (1997)

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from an HLA-compatible unrelated volunteer is an option for patients with acute leukemia lacking a family match. However, criteria for patient and donor selection and the most effective transplant procedures, including the number of hematopoietic cells, remain to be defined. We tested factors influencing outcome of 174 patients with primary acute leukemia receiving non-T-cell depleted marrow from unrelated donors. Median patient age was 20 years (range, 0.5 to 54 years). A multivariable analysis found that leukemia in remission at the time of transplantation was associated with improved leukemia-free survival (relative risk [RR] of treatment failure: 0.5, confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 0.7), and presence of blasts in the peripheral blood, as opposed to marrow involvement only or isolated extramedullary relapse, was associated with impaired outcome (RR of treatment failure: 2.5, CI: 1.7 to 5.0). The use of donors with a limited HLA-mismatch was associated with decreased leukemic relapse (RR: 0.5, CI: 0.3 to 0.9) but no improvement in leukemia-free survival compared with HLA-matched unrelated donors. Transplantation of a marrow cell dose above the median value of 3.65 x 10(8)/kg was associated with faster neutrophil (RR: 1.5, CI: 1.1 to 2.0) and platelet (RR: 4.5, CI: 2.7 to 7.5) engraftment, and decreased incidence of severe acute graft-versus-host disease (RR: 0.6, CI: 0.4 to 0.9). In patients transplanted in remission, the use of a marrow cell dose above the median translated into less nonleukemic death (RR: 0.2, CI: 0.1 to 0.4) and better leukemia-free survival (RR of treatment failure: 0.3, CI: 0.2 to 0.6). Transplant in remission with a high dose of marrow cells was associated with the best outcome in both children and adults.
Solution thermodynamic evaluation of hydroxypyridinonate chelators 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) for UO<sub>2</sub>(VI) and Th(IV) decorporation (2013)

Abstract Solution thermodynamic studies were performed to characterize the coordination of U(VI) and Th(IV) by the multidentate hydroxypyridinonate chelating agents 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO). Species distribution and conditional stability pM profiles were calculated based on the determined formation constants, showing that both ligands form extremely stable uranyl and thorium complexes in solution. At physiological pH, the formation of 1:1 ligand:uranyl complexes is favored for both ligands, while a 2:1 ligand:thorium complex is predominant with the tetradentate 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO). Comparisons with functionally similar bidentate ligands as well as with the common actinide chelator diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid emphasized the superior affinity for U(VI) and Th(IV) of both experimental compounds over a wide pH range. These analytical results corroborate the in vivo chelation efficacy of 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) and validate their selection for further development as therapeutic actinide decorporation agents.
Oxidative Unzipping of Stacked Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Cups (2015)

We demonstrate a facile synthesis of different nanostructures by oxidative unzipping of stacked nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs). Depending on the initial number of stacked-cup segments, this method can yield graphene nanosheets (GNSs) or hybrid nanostructures comprised of graphene nanoribbons partially unzipped from a central nanotube core. Due to the stacked-cup structure of as-synthesized NCNCs, preventing complete exposure of graphitic planes, the unzipping mechanism is hindered, resulting in incomplete unzipping; however, individual, separated NCNCs are completely unzipped, yielding individual nitrogen-doped GNSs. Graphene-based materials have been employed as electrocatalysts for many important chemical reactions, and it has been proposed that increasing the reactive edges results in more efficient electrocatalysis. In this paper, we apply these graphene conjugates as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to determine how the increase in reactive edges affects the electrocatalytic activity. This investigation introduces a new method for the improvement of ORR electrocatalysts by using nitrogen dopants more effectively, allowing for enhanced ORR performance with lower overall nitrogen content. Additionally, the GNSs were functionalized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), resulting in a GNS/GNP hybrid, which shows efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering and expands the scope of its application in advanced device fabrication and biosensing.
THE HISTORY AND PERFORMANCE OF VERTICAL WELL SOLUTION MINING OF NAHCOLITE (NaHCO3) IN THE PICEANCE BASIN, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO, USA (2004)

American Soda, L.L.P. (American Soda), developed a solution mine plan for recovery of nahcolite from the vast resource in the Piceance Creek Basin using vertical wells and injection of high-temperature, pressurized water. The wellfield included 26 solution mining wells, which provided a nahcolite brine to the processing facility. The American Soda solution mining method utilizes dual, 7-inch casings cemented within a single, 19-inch borehole with 4½-inch casings being utilized as tubings within each 7-inch casing. The method injects 350°–420°F water to thermo-mechanically fracture the nahcolitic oil shale and dissolve the nahcolite. A nitrogen gas cap is maintained on the top of the solution mining cavity to limit vertical growth. The solution cavities have a productive height of approximately 500 ft. During the 3.75 years of commercial operation, American Soda mined approximately 2.6 millions tons of nahcolite with the wells producing between 75,000–150,000 tons each with cavern diameters of up to 200 ft.