gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Servo-controlled indenter for determining the transverse stiffness of ventricular muscle (1991)

Regional ventricular wall stress is a critical determinant of cardiac function. There are, however, no validated methods for accurately estimating this stress. We have shown in the isolated ventricular septum that, during steady-state indentations, the transverse stiffness (the ratio of indentation stress [pressure acting on indenter face] to indentation strain [amount of indentation/nonindented thickness]) can be used as an estimate of the in-plane wall stress. Because of the long acquisition time for those transverse stiffness determinations, it was not possible to follow changes in wall stress over a single contraction. We recently developed a dynamic indentation system that can determine transverse stiffness in as little as 10 ms, allowing estimation of wall stress over a single contraction cycle. The apparatus consists of an indentation probe coupled to a linear motor. This indentation system was tested on two beating canine ventricular septa that were mounted in a biaxial system the could apply strains in the plane of the septa and measure the resulting in-plane stresses. The probe indented the septa with peak displacements of 0.1-0.5 mm at frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz. The transverse stiffness was calculated as the slope of the relation between the indentation stress and indentation strain during each high-frequency indentation. Consistent with earlier studies, the transverse stiffness was related to the inplane stress. In contrast to earlier studies, however, these dynamic transverse stiffness determinations could be made during a single contraction. Thus, dynamic transverse stiffness determinations allow estimation of wall stress in the isolated septa by minimal surface contact, and may lead to methods for estimating wall stress in the intact heart.
Polycrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film transistors (1994)

The fabrication of p- and n-channel MOS thin-film transistors (TFT's) in polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/) films is described, and their electrical characteristics are presented. Various technological issues are then addressed in order to provide direction for further work in optimizing the fabrication process. The initial devices fabricated in this work exhibit well behaved electrical characteristics; enhanced performance is expected to accompany improvements in the crystallization and defect-passivation processes. Compared to a poly-Si TFT technology, an optimized poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ TFT technology may ultimately be able to provide a lower-temperature, shorter-time processing capability at little expense to device performance and it is therefore promising for large-area electronics applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulse Oximetry Theory and Calibration for Low Saturations (2004)

Pulse oximetry is a widely used technique in biomedical optics, but currently available pulse oximeters rely on empirical calibration approaches, which perform poorly at low saturations. We present an exact solution for pulse oximetry and show how this can be used as the basis for the development of a semiempirical calibration approach that may be useful, especially at low saturations and variable probe geometries. This new approach was experimentally tested against traditional empirical calibration techniques on transmission pulse oximetry for monitoring of fetal sheep using a minimally invasive spiral probe. The results open the way for the development of more accurate pulse oximetry.
Computing phase noise eigenfunctions directly from harmonic balance/shooting matrices (2002)

A prerequisite for computing phase noise is finding the Perturbation Projection Vector (PPV), a periodic vector function that encapsulates the "transfer function" between individual noise sources and the phase noise of the oscillator. In this paper, we illustrate a novel technique for calculating the PPV that has several advantages over the monodromy matrix method currently used. The new method can be applied in the context of both frequency- and time-domain steady-state computations, and involves only a single linear solution of the appropriate Jacobian matrix. It also removes the need for applying heuristics in choosing the correct PPV from a potentially large set of choices, a feature particularly useful for high-Q oscillators. We compare PPVs obtained with the new method with those from the monodromy matrix method.
Activation of apolipoprotein AI gene transcription by the liver-enriched factor HNF-3. (1994)

Liver-specific expression of the apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) gene is controlled by the coordinate action of transcription factors bound to three sites (A, B, and C) located within a powerful liver-specific enhancer which spans the -222 to -110 region upstream of the apoA-I gene transcription start site (+1). Sites A and C bind various members of the nuclear receptor superfamily including the liver-enriched factor HNF-4. In the current report, enhancer derivatives with mutagenized protein-binding sites were tested for their ability to stimulate the apoA-I basal promoter in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. The results revealed that occupation of both sites A and B, but not C is essential for high level expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that in HepG2 cells site B is occupied by the liver-enriched factor HNF-3 beta. Binding of HNF-3 beta to site B transactivates the apoA-I basal promoter in hepatic and nonhepatic cells. HNF-3 beta binding and transactivation were dependent upon the close proximity of two HNF-3 beta binding motifs within site B. Furthermore, HNF-3 beta and HNF-4, bound to their cognate sites within the apoA-I enhancer exhibited strong synergy in transactivation of the apoA-I basal promoter in nonhepatic cells, highlighting the central role of HNF-3 beta in liver-specific transcription of the apoA-I gene. It is concluded that cooperative binding of HNF-3 beta to site B and synergistic interactions between HNF-4 and HNF-3 beta bound to their cognate sites in the apoA-I enhancer may play a fundamental role in apoA-I gene expression in liver.
The SPLIT approach for enhancing the spatial resolution in pulsed STED microscopy with FastFLIM and phasor plots (2019)

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a powerful super-resolution microscopy technique that enables observation of macromolecular complexes and sub-cellular structures with spatial resolution well below the diffraction limit. However, resolution in the double-digit nanometer range can be obtained only using high intensity depletion laser, at the cost of increased photo-damage, which significantly limits STED applications in live specimens. To minimize this, we use the separation by lifetime tuning (SPLIT) technique, in which phasor analysis is used to efficiently distinguish photons emitted from the center and from the periphery of the excitation spot of a STED microscope. Thus, it can be used to improve the resolution without increasing the STED beam intensity. Our approach utilizes a combination of pulsed excitation and pulsed depletion lasers to record the time-resolved photons by FastFLIM. The photons stream are successively analyzed using the SPLIT technique, demonstrating that the resolution improves without increasing the depletion laser intensity.
ECG-based biometrics: A real time classification approach (2012)

Behavioral biometrics is one of the areas with growing interest within the biosignal research community. A recent trend in the field is ECG-based biometrics, where electrocardiographic (ECG) signals are used as input to the biometric system. Previous work has shown this to be a promising trait, with the potential to serve as a good complement to other existing, and already more established modalities, due to its intrinsic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a system for ECG biometrics centered on signals acquired at the subject's hand. Our work is based on a previously developed custom, non-intrusive sensing apparatus for data acquisition at the hands, and involved the pre-processing of the ECG signals, and evaluation of two classification approaches targeted at real-time or near real-time applications. Preliminary results show that this system leads to competitive results both for authentication and identification, and further validate the potential of ECG signals as a complementary modality in the toolbox of the biometric system designer.
Dual-Mode Laser/Detector Diode (1988)

A new monolithic dual-mode laser/detector diode which functions both as a laser and a photodetector is described. A laser threshold current of 0.52A was obtained under pulsed operation in broad-area laser/detector diodes (120μm x 350μm) with differential quantum efficiencies of about 30.9%. In the detector mode at the operating wavelength of 905nm, responsivity as high as 0.43A/W was obtained with a reverse bias of 8.0V. Using dual-mode diodes instead of separate lasers and detectors would simplify monolithic integration of optoelectronic circuits.
Adaptive play-out algorithms for voice packets (2002)

We study the delay characteristics of voice packets that share a transmission medium with bursty data traffic. In order to model the data traffic accurately, we used real data traffic traces upon which we superimposed simulated voice sources generating real time traffic at a constant rate. Our simulation environment allows us to easily develop and compare different adaptive algorithms for the play-out delay of voice streams. We motivate and compare the performance of three algorithms based on exponential smoothing techniques. We test the algorithms in the context of a shared 10 Mbps Ethernet LAN, using the CSMA/CD protocol.
Analytical Study on an Oscillating Buoy Wave Energy Converter Integrated into a Fixed Box‐Type Breakwater (2017)

An oscillating buoy wave energy converter (WEC) integrated to an existing box‐type breakwater is introduced in this study. The buoy is installed on the existing breakwater and designed to be much smaller than the breakwater in scale, aiming to reduce the construction cost of the WEC. The oscillating buoy works as a heave‐type WEC in front of the breakwater towards the incident waves. A power take‐off (PTO) system is installed on the topside of the breakwater to harvest the kinetic energy (in heave mode) of the floating buoy. The hydrodynamic performance of this system is studied analytically based on linear potential‐flow theory. Effects of the geometrical parameters on the reflection and transmission coefficients and the capture width ratio (CWR) of the system are investigated. Results show that the maximum efficiency of the energy extraction can reach 80% or even higher. Compared with the isolated box‐type breakwater, the reflection coefficient can be effectively decreased by using this oscillating buoy WEC, with unchanged transmission coefficient. Thus, the possibility of capturing the wave energy with the oscillating buoy WEC integrated into breakwaters is shown.
Hyperspectral Imaging Signatures Detect Amyloidopathy in Alzheimer’s Mouse Retina Well before Onset of Cognitive Decline (2014)

Amyloidopathic disorders such as Alzheimer's disease present symptomology years after the entrenchment of amyloidogenic imbalance. The pathologic α-helix → β-strand conversion of amyloid β(1-42) and amyloid β(1-40) peptides causes neuronal death in the vicinity. Symptomology often presents only after significant neurodegeneration. This thus warrants early detection of amyloidopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Nonexistent modalities for direct identification and quantitation of soluble amyloid aggregates or (proto)fibrils forced us to undertake the development of a spectrophotometric technique to support ongoing drug design. Key requirements were independence from the need for extraneous staining, unambiguous amyloid aggregate detection, and minimal influence of interpretative errors. A Cytoviva instrument pivotal to this study captures scattering of light of visible-near-infrared (VNIR, 400-1000 nm) wavelengths within each pixel of the microscopic view field. We thus assembled a scattering intensity pattern database that provided "signatures" of amyloid aggregates. Comparison of unknown samples against this database enabled direct detection of amyloid aggregates. The technique was found useful for monitoring retinal and brain amyloidopathy in an ongoing preclinical anti-AD study, attesting to the technique's sensitivity and specificity. Interestingly, the technique was found applicable not just to excised brain tissue but also to isolated mouse retina. With the retina being heralded widely as a (diagnostic) extension of the CNS and retinal amyloidopathy occurring well before that in the brain, this development raises a possibility for the first direct retinal imaging diagnosis of early asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of Neurotrophin‐4/5 on Bone/Cementum‐Related Protein Expressions and DNA Synthesis in Cultures of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells (2008)

NT-4/5, as well as BDNF and NGF, is suggested to play a role in the regulation of function of periodontal ligament cells.
Retention of Optical Brightening Agents (OBA) and their Brightening Efficiency on HYP‐Containing Paper Sheets (2007)

Abstract Optical brightening agents (OBA) or fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) are commonly used in the paper industry to improve the optical performance of paper products. The increased use of bleached chemi‐thermo‐mechanical pulp (BCTMP) or high‐yield pulp (HYP) in printing and writing paper grades has initiated research topics on the brightening efficiency of OBA on mechanical pulp‐containing furnishes. In this study, process parameters that may affect the retention of OBA were investigated, such as furnish composition, OBA charge, contacting time, water hardness, anionic trash, and fines in HYP. It was found that OBA had lower retention on HYP fibers than on bleached kraft pulp (BKP) fibers. Efforts were also made to understand the underlying mechanism.
A novel CMOS quadrature VCO based on symmetrical spiral inductors and differential diodes (2002)

The paper presents a novel method to produce quadrature local oscillating (LO) signals. By using Symmetrical Inductors and Differential Diodes, the circuit has been integrated into a single chip completely. HSPICE simulation results proves it could generate quadrature LO signals with high phase accuracy and good gain match under low power, good phase noise and small area, thus it could be used in many integrated transceivers.
Vitrimerization: A Novel Concept to Reprocess and Recycle Thermoset Waste via Dynamic Chemistry (2019)

A new approach for reprocessing of existing thermoset waste is presented. This work demonstrates that unrecyclable thermoset materials can be reprocessed using the concept of associative dynamic bonding, vitrimers. The developed recycling methodology relies on swelling the thermoset network into a solution of a catalyst, which enables transesterification reactions allowing dynamic bond exchange between ester and hydroxyl groups within the thermoset network. Thermal and mechanical properties for recycled polyurethane and epoxy networks are studied and a strategy to maintain the properties of recycled materials is discussed. The developed methodology promises recycling and even upcycling and reprocessing of previously thought intractable materials. Moreover, processability of vitrimerized thermosets with common thermoplastic manufacturing methods opens up the possibility of tuning recycled networks by adding nanoparticles. This flexibility keeps the application window of recycled thermosets very broad.
Human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A3 pharmacogenetics: Gene duplication and functional genomics (2005)

Background/Aims SULT1A3 catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of catecholamines and structurally related drugs. Following completion of the Human Genome Project, it appeared that SULT1A3: might be duplicated. The purpose of this study was to verify and characterize this gene duplication. Methods PCR-based assays and FISH were used to verify that 2 SULT1A3 genes are present on chromosome 16. Reanalysis of previous gene resequencing data was performed to confirm the presence of SULT1A3: SNPs identified previously and also to identify novel polymorphisms. Functional genomic studies were performed on 3 novel cSNPS to determine levels of SULT1A3 activity enzyme activity, immunoreactive protein and substrate kinetics. RT-PCR was used to determine if both SULT1A3: copies are transcriptionally active. Results Two copies of SULT1A3: are present on chromosome 16. All previously reported SNPs were confirmed, and 11 novel SNPs were identified. Both genes can produce mRNA transcripts and functional genomic studies showed that 2 novel cSNPs resulted in decreased activity and levels of protein. Conclusions The duplication of SULT1A3: will have to be taken into account during future efforts to understand individual variation in SULT1A3 activity or properties. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P23–P23; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.090
Enhanced Self‐Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Films Under Water‐Organic Solutions: Fabrication of Sub‐micrometer Spherical Lens Arrays (2010)

Submicrometer spherical lenses and lens arrays are fabricated by freeing the dewetting of ultrathin (< 100 nm) polymer films from interfacial tension limitation and by harnessing the self-organization of films. The lens-size is continuously tunable from 200 nm to few tens of micrometers with contact angles ranging from 30° – 150°.
Distributed Brillouin sensing with sub-meter spatial resolution: modeling and processing (2011)

A general analytic solution for Brillouin distributed sensing in optical fibers with sub-meter spatial resolution is obtained by solving the acoustical-optical coupled wave equations by a perturbation method. The Brillouin interaction of a triad of square pump pulses with a continuous signal is described, covering a wide range of pumping schemes. The model predicts how the acoustic wave, the signal amplitude and the optical gain spectral profile depend upon the pumping scheme. Sub-meter spatial resolution is demonstrated for bright-, dark- and π-shifted interrogating pump pulses, together with disturbing echo effects, and the results compare favorably with experimental data. This analytic solution is an excellent tool not only for optimizing the pumping scheme but also for post-processing the measured data to remove resolution degrading features.
The isotype and IgG subclass distribution of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients (2017)

In RA, the anti-CarP antibody response uses a broad spectrum of isotypes and seems to be an actively ongoing immune reaction. Furthermore, the anti-CarP and ACPA autoantibody responses seems to be differentially regulated.
31.2: Eliminating Ghost Touches on a Self‐Capacitive Touch‐Screen (2012)

Abstract When two or more touches are detected on a self‐capacitive touch‐screen, positional ambiguities known as “ghost” touches are created. A novel method of distinguishing between real and “ghost” touches is described. Experimental results for dual‐touch give an SNR of over 55 dB, appropriate for secured touch detection in severe environments such as avionics.
Near‐stoichiometric O<sub>2</sub> binding on metal centers in Co(salen) nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Co(salen) [cobaltous bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine] complexes are well‐known O 2 carriers in solution. In the solid phase, these complexes exhibit some O 2 binding but detailed studies have been complicated because few of the known polymorphs of Co(salen) actually bind O 2 . The O 2 binding results for nanoparticulate Co(salen) are presented in this study. Rod‐shaped Co(salen) nanoparticles, roughly 100 nm in diameter, were recrystallized by spraying a methylene chloride solution of commercially obtained Co(salen) into supercritical carbon dioxide. Temperature‐programmed desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and a Rubotherm magnetic suspension balance measurements reveal a reversible O 2 uptake of ∼1.51 mmol/(g nanoparticles) at 25°C, consistent with a binding stoichiometry involving a bridging peroxo unit between two Co centers. In contrast, no measurable O 2 uptake was observed with the commercial Co(salen). These results clearly show the potential for bottom‐up design of nanoparticulate metal complexes for enhanced O 2 storage and other applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Gallium Indium Nitride-Based Green Lasers (2011)

In this review article, we describe group-III nitride laser diodes that emit light in the green spectral range, using epitaxial structures grown on gallium nitride (GaN) substrates with c- and semipolar-plane orientations. We address the motivation for these lasers, the challenges faced in creating them, and the progress made in this field to date. Different structural design choices are described, taking into account specific material properties and crystal growth requirements for these orientations. We review various properties of the materials involved, including optical gain, optical confinement, internal optical losses and carrier injection. We also discuss mechanical strain during the growth of active and passive regions, and the way in which it limits the structural design. Various aspects of laser chip fabrication are discussed, including self-aligned ridge waveguides and facet formation. Finally, we outline the status of green laser reliability and challenges in this area.
Multi-atlas label fusion using hybrid of discriminative and generative classifiers for segmentation of cardiac MR images (2015)

Multi-atlas segmentation first registers each atlas image to the target image and transfers the label of atlas image to the coordinate system of the target image. The transferred labels are then combined, using a label fusion algorithm. In this paper, we propose a novel label fusion method which aggregates discriminative learning and generative modeling for segmentation of cardiac MR images. First, a probabilistic Random Forest classifier is trained as a discriminative model to obtain the prior probability of a label at the given voxel of the target image. Then, a probability distribution of image patches is modeled using Gaussian Mixture Model for each label, providing the likelihood of the voxel belonging to the label. The final label posterior is obtained by combining the classification score and the likelihood score under Bayesian rule. Comparative study performed on MICCAI 2013 SATA Segmentation Challenge demonstrates that our proposed hybrid label fusion algorithm is accurate than other five state-of-the-art label fusion methods. The proposed method obtains dice similarity coefficient of 0.94 and 0.92 in segmenting epicardium and endocardium respectively. Moreover, our label fusion method achieves more accurate segmentation results compared to four other label fusion methods.
Reassessing the Reassessment of suPAR in Glomerular Disease (2015)

sponsorship: Jochen Reiser is an inventor on pending and issued patents related to anti-proteinuric therapies. He stands to gain royalties from their present and future commercialization. He is also a co-founder and advisor to TRISAQ, a biotechnology company. The Associate Editor Nada Alachkar declares that, despite having previously published with Jochen Reiser, the review process was handled objectively and no conflict of interest exists. Bjorn K. I. Meijers declares no conflict of interest. (TRISAQ, a biotechnology company)