gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volatile components of fermented egg, an animal attractant and repellent (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile components of fermented egg, an animal attractant and repellentRoger W. Bullard, Thomas J. Leiker, James E. Peterson, and Stephen R. KilburnCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 1, 155–159Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60215a078https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60215a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
External Intervention (1983)

Over the century following 1848, eastern Europe became less and less sealed against extraneous influences and the incidence of external intervention in the affairs of its national minorities became progressively more frequent and ambitious. In the often confusing welter of historical instances of intrusion from outside the immediate relationship between minority and indigenous authority, four distinct (though occasionally overlapping) categories of intervention may be identified. Trans-national 'partnership' can be defined as joint action by two or more national minorities acting out of a sense of community of interest to further the individual or collective cause. Extra-national 'patronage' covers political, economic or military promotion of a minority by an existing state for reasons ranging from pure humanitarianism to territorial aggrandisement. Multi-national 'partition' describes territorial intervention by two or more foreign states, usually Great Powers, acting in a spirit of businesslike consensus to promote the general good. Finally, inter-national 'protection' signifies intercession by philanthropic or peace-keeping institutions standing apart from or (more ambitiously) above narrow national self-interest.
An investigation of the key parameters for predicting PV soiling losses (2017)

Abstract One hundred and two environmental and meteorological parameters have been investigated and compared with the performance of 20 soiling stations installed in the USA, in order to determine their ability to predict the soiling losses occurring on PV systems. The results of this investigation showed that the annual average of the daily mean particulate matter values recorded by monitoring stations deployed near the PV systems are the best soiling predictors, with coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) as high as 0.82. The precipitation pattern was also found to be relevant: among the different meteorological parameters, the average length of dry periods had the best correlation with the soiling ratio. A preliminary investigation of two‐variable regressions was attempted and resulted in an adjusted R 2 of 0.90 when a combination of PM 2.5 and a binary classification for the average length of the dry period was introduced. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dual interaction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interferon (IFN) on NK lytic activation: enhanced capacity of effector-target lytic interactions (recycling) and blockage of pre-NK cell recruitment. (1981)

In this study we addressed the question of whether the known NK activators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interferon (IFN) can synergistically activate NK lysis and whether they potentiate the same or different subsets of NK cells. We demonstrated that the activation of NK lysis can be enhanced as well as blocked by the interaction of these 2 activators. The enhancement of activation was not due to recruitment of separate subsets of pre-NK cells, but rather the synergistic enhancement of the recycling capabilities of the same set of NK cells. There was a temporal relationship to this enhancement. That is, if PGE2 was added during cellular processing required for full expression of NK activation induced by IFN, pre-NK lytic potential was inhibited. If, on the other hand, PGE2 is added after completion of full expression of the IFN-induced activated lytic process, there is enhancement of recycling capabilities of the same number of NK cells.
Order-disorder phase transition and lipid dynamics in rabbit small intestinal brush border membranes. Effect of proteins (1983)

The total lipids extracted from brush border membranes form smectic lamellar phases when dispersed in water. 31P broad-band nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shows that between body temperature (37 degrees C) and freezing of the solvent, the extracted lipids form bilayers with the lipid molecules undergoing fast anisotropic motion. This is also true for the lipids present in the brush border membrane. The electron spin resonance (ESR) results obtained with various hydrophobic spin probes incorporated in either brush border vesicle membranes or their extracted lipids are consistent with this interpretation. By use of a variety of chemically different spin-labels, the temperature dependence of brush border membranes and their extracted lipids was probed. The temperature dependence of various ESR spectral parameters shows discontinuities that, by comparison with differential scanning calorimetry, are assigned to a lipid thermotropic phase transition. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the lipid in brush border membranes undergoes a broad, reversible phase transition of low enthalpy between 10 and 30 degrees C, with a peak temperature of about 25 degrees C. Hence, the brush border membrane of rabbit small intestine functions in the liquid-crystalline state, well above the peak temperature and also above the upper limit of the lipid phase transition. Therefore, in itself, the thermotropic lipid phase transition is unlikely to play a physiological role. The low enthalpy of the lipid phase transition, indicative of a lack of cooperativity, is primarily attributed to the relatively high cholesterol content and to heterogeneity in the lipid composition of this membrane [Hauser, H., Howell, K., Dawson, R. M. C., & Bowyer, D. E. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 602, 567-577].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrative proteomics, genomics, and translational immunology approaches reveal mutated forms of Proteolipid Protein 1 (PLP1) and mutant‐specific immune response in multiple sclerosis (2017)

In order to gain mechanistic insights into multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, we utilized a multi-dimensional approach to test the hypothesis that mutations in myelin proteins lead to immune activation and central nervous system autoimmunity in MS. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of human MS brain lesions revealed seven unique mutations of PLP1; a key myelin protein that is known to be destroyed in MS. Surprisingly, in-depth genomic analysis of two MS patients at the genomic DNA and mRNA confirmed mutated PLP1 in RNA, but not in the genomic DNA. Quantification of wild type and mutant PLP RNA levels by qPCR further validated the presence of mutant PLP RNA in the MS patients. To seek evidence linking mutations in abundant myelin proteins and immune-mediated destruction of myelin, specific immune response against mutant PLP1 in MS patients was examined. Thus, we have designed paired, wild type and mutant peptide microarrays, and examined antibody response to multiple mutated PLP1 in sera from MS patients. Consistent with the idea of different patients exhibiting unique mutation profiles, we found that 13 out of 20 MS patients showed antibody responses against specific but not against all the mutant-PLP1 peptides. Interestingly, we found mutant PLP-directed antibody response against specific mutant peptides in the sera of pre-MS controls. The results from integrative proteomic, genomic, and immune analyses reveal a possible mechanism of mutation-driven pathogenesis in human MS. The study also highlights the need for integrative genomic and proteomic analyses for uncovering pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases.
Single Electron Transfer Logic Gate Family (1999)

Single electron transfer logic circuits, where logical bit information is represented by the existence of discrete small current pulses accompanied by single electron tunneling (SET) in a one-dimensional array of small tunnel junctions, have been investigated. The basic operation characteristics of several key circuit elements, such as an SET transmission line, a confluence circuit, a split circuit and a set-reset gate were examined and their correct functionality was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. We have shown that basic logic gates, such as NOT, AND and OR, can be implemented using these circuit elements if we provide periodic single electron clock pulses to the gates. Robustness of these logic gates has also been investigated by calculating the dc bias margin.
Disruption and infection of median sternotomy: a comprehensive review (2002)

Disruption and infection of median sternotomy wounds are grave complications often associated with prolonged hospitalization, high cost, and significant mortality. Effective prevention techniques are still debated. Successful management requires early recognition based on a high index of suspicion, detailed physical examination, appreciation of the clinical signs and symptoms, timely imaging studies, and prompt surgical therapy. Improvements in perioperative management and critical care of patients with multisystem organ failure can reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Sternal salvage and direct sternal reclosure are possible when the infection is diagnosed early. Techniques utilizing lateral sternal support should be first-line options in the condition. Muscle flap techniques should be the next consideration when direct closure has failed or cannot be attempted.
Factors Associated With Physical Inactivity in Transportation in Brazilian Adults Living in a Low Socioeconomic Area (2013)

Presence of vehicles in the household was associated positively with physical inactivity in transportation, both for men and for women. This should be taken into consideration in drawing up public policies for promoting physical activity.
Optimal weights computation of an emitting antenna array-the obele algorithm (2003)

The capacity of a mobile network can be increased by using antenna arrays. We present a new method that jointly optimizes antenna weights and powers for all users on the downlink on a single cell. The algorithm, which only requires the estimation of the noise power /spl sigma//sup 2/ and knowledge of the channel responses on the downlink, consists of minimizing the greatest eigenvalue of a matrix. This optimization results from an iterative process. In a first pass, we compute the greatest eigenvalue of a matrix - the power is given by the associated eigenvector - which depends on the antenna weights, and in a second pass, we compute a new set of antenna weights that will be reused in the next iteration. We prove that it converges to the global minimum.
Norovirus gastroenteritis in young children receiving human rotavirus vaccine (2010)

We explored whether human rotavirus vaccine had any efficacy against norovirus (NV)-associated gastroenteritis in young children. In an efficacy trial of rotavirus vaccine, 405 infants were immunized with a human rotavirus vaccine or placebo at a ratio of 2:1, and prospectively followed for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) from approximately 2 months to 2 y of age. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Mrt RT-PCR) assays were used for detection and quantitation of NVs of genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) in stool specimens. NVs were detected in 155 (32%) of 485 episodes of AGE. Of these, NV was the only gastroenteritis virus detected in the stools in 142 (29%) episodes. GI and GII NVs were found in 12% and 88% of the cases, respectively. NV as the only gastroenteritis virus was detected in 36% of the infants in the rotavirus vaccine group and 27% in the placebo group. The clinical severity of NV-associated AGE in the vaccine and placebo recipients was not different. NVs were the most common etiologic agents of AGE in children under 2 y of age. Human rotavirus vaccine did not protect against NV gastroenteritis.
Digital Readers: The Next Chapter in E‐Book Reading and Response (2010)

The basic features of digital reading devices (such as the Amazon Kindle) are described in this article. The author also considers how such devices can advance e‐book readership among primary students by offering new avenues for accessing and interacting with a wide array of texts. Rooted in the transactional theory of reader response and a new literacies perspective, this case study examines the reading and response behaviors of two second‐grade girls as they read a book on a digital reading device. Findings suggest that using digital reading devices with second‐grade students promote new literacies practices and extend connections between readers and text as engagement with and manipulation of text is made possible through electronic tools and features.
Field programmable gate arrays in space (2003)

The use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in satellite and other spacecraft is on the rise. They are increasingly competitive when compared to traditional application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). However, exposure to space radiation produces the same physical effects on both FPGAs and ASICs. How these radiation effects can translate to circuit malfunctions and how these problems can be prevented or mitigated is a complex, multifaceted issue that depends on the specific technology and the device's internal architecture. First and foremost, designers should implement a reliable ASIC/FPGA development methodology for the definition, design, verification, physical implementation and validation phases of any ASIC/FPGA to be flown as part of the spacecraft platform or critical payload. This should be contractually enforced. The European Space Agency (ESA) will continue to make available its own internal standard or any other equivalent methodology proposed by the contractor. As soon as the new ECSS standard on this subject is available, ESA will start using it as an applicable document in all projects where ASICs or FPGAs are to be developed.
Bilinear Representation for Language-based Image Editing Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

The task of Language-Based Image Editing (LBIE) aims at generating a target image by editing the source image based on the given language description. The main challenge of LBIE is to disentangle the semantics in image and text and then combine them to generate realistic images. Therefore, the editing performance is heavily dependent on the learned representation. In this work, conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) is utilized for LBIE. We find that existing conditioning methods in cGAN lack of representation power as they cannot learn the second-order correlation between two conditioning vectors. To solve this problem, we propose an improved conditional layer named Bilinear Residual Layer (BRL) to learning more powerful representations for LBIE task. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate that our method can generate images with higher quality when compared to previous LBIE techniques.
Functional imaging of cerebrovascular activities in small animals using high‐resolution photoacoustic tomography (2007)

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive, nonionizing modality based on the differences in light absorption of various biological tissues. PAI utilizes the endogenous contrast characteristics of traditional optical imaging, while benefiting from high spatial resolution of the ultrasound imaging. A PAI system was developed to reconstruct the two-dimensional cross section image and to visualize the cerebrovascular activities of mouse in vivo. The spatial resolution of the PAI system was determined to be 0.110 mm by a two-point-source phantom with the Rayleigh criterion. The potential applications of the system were clearly demonstrated by successfully mapping a traumatic lesion in the mouse brain cerebral cortex, by its ability to monitor physiological changes in the brain due to carotid ligation and drug stimulation, and two-dimensional sliced images of a traumatic mouse brain at different depths were also provided. Our experimental results indicate that PAI has the potential for studying of traumatic brain injury and physiological functions of the brain.
2-(3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-2-quinazolinyl)acetonitriles in the Synthesis of New Condensed Pyrimidines (2004)

The reaction of the title compounds with 5-chloro-2-(methylsulfonyl/methylthio)pyrimidine-4-carbonyl chlorides afforded a series of new nitriles (6, 7). In the reaction of 6 with aliphatic amines the replacement of the methylsulfonyl group took place to give products 8. Compounds 6 cyclized into 3-(methylsulfonyl)-5,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydro-5H-pyrimido[4′,5′:5,6]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-6-carbonitriles in the presence of Et3N. An X-ray crystallographic study was carried out to confirm the structure of the new compounds unambiguously. The influence of basicity and steric factors on the course of this cyclization was discussed.
<title>New aqueous base-developable negative-tone photoresist based on furans</title> (1991)

A new versatile negative-tone resist consisting of poly [4- hydroxystyrene-co-4-(3-furyl-3-hydroxypropyl)styrene], and a photoacid generator is described. This chemically amplified resist which shows high sensitivity in the deep-UV (2.3 mJ/cm2) and E-Beam (3.4 (mu) C/cm2) modes, operates on the basis of radiation induced crosslinking via acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution. Due to the incorporation of phenolic substituents in the resist design aqueous development without swelling is possible.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Antitumor activity and induction of apoptosis by water-soluble derivatives of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol in human colon carcinoma cell lines. (2000)

At present, cancer therapy of solid tumors, such as lung and colorectal cancer, is unsatisfactory. Recently, oxygenated sterols have shown selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta HC) and two water-soluble derivatives of 7 beta HC, i.e. 7 beta HC-bis-hemisuccinate [disodium salt] (7 beta HC-HS) and 7 beta HC-bis-hemisuccinate-diethanolaminoate (7 beta HC-EA), was determined in DLD-1, KM20L2, HCT-116, HT-29 and SW620 colon carcinoma cell lines using a cell count assay. IC50 values of the two water-soluble derivatives were, on the whole, comparable to 7 beta HC lying in the range of 3-10 microM. In addition, the water-soluble derivatives were able to induce apoptosis in the examined DLD-1 and KM20L2 colon carcinoma cell lines in contrast to the parent compound 7 beta HC, as shown by DNA fragmentation, by the cleavage of DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP), and by the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 (CPP32). Due to the improved water-solubility of 7 beta HC-HS and 7 beta HC-EA and their promising antitumor activity in vitro, animal studies in suitable tumor models are warranted.
Tartan: A retrieval-based socialbot powered by a dynamic finite-state machine architecture (2018)

This paper describes the Tartan conversational agent built for the 2018 Alexa Prize Competition. Tartan is a non-goal-oriented socialbot focused around providing users with an engaging and fluent casual conversation. Tartan's key features include an emphasis on structured conversation based on flexible finite-state models and an approach focused on understanding and using conversational acts. To provide engaging conversations, Tartan blends script-like yet dynamic responses with data-based generative and retrieval models. Unique to Tartan is that our dialog manager is modeled as a dynamic Finite State Machine. To our knowledge, no other conversational agent implementation has followed this specific structure.
Strain invariant failure criteria for polymers in composite materials (2001)

We introduce strain invariant failure for analyzing damage initiation within the polymer of a composite material. The method is mechanistic in that it relates effective strength properties to composite failure. As a result, the strain invariant failure criteria apply to the general condition. The general condition includes variable geometry, any lamina stacking sequence and all possible boundary and loading conditions. The effective strength properties utilized in the strain invariant failure criteria are the effective volumetric and equivalent strains of the lamina. The volumetric strain is the first invariant of the strain tensor and the equivalent strain is a function of the second invariant of the strain deviator. Verification of the criteria is established through the numerical reduction of mechanical test data. Tested configurations include laminates subjected to flexural, tensile and compressive loads. We show that for all modes of loading, damage initiation is initiated by either the effective critical volumetric or equivalent strain of the lamina. The authors have extended the strain invariant failure criteria to advanced topics such as damage propagation and ultimate failure and will report the results of these efforts in future articles.
Commercial scale production of inorganic nanoparticles (2009)

This review focuses on the current trend in the commercial scale production methods of inorganic nanoparticles. The limiting factors for the scalability of synthesis methods are explained and the relationship between commercial nanoparticle materials and production methods is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that different synthesis techniques lead to different properties of nanoparticles even when the qualities such as particle size and crystal phase appear quite similar. The production techniques of nanoparticles need to be carefully selected based not only on the scalability and production costs, but also on the properties of nanoparticles required for specific applications.