gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Modeling of a Subsea Pumping Module Using an ESP (2012)

Abstract In the pursuit of more productivity, Petrobras has been using more and more ESPs (Electric Submersible Pumps) on its subsea wells, especially on heavy oil fields, where the gas-lift is not as attractive as that method. Those scenarios are very common in the Campos Basin, particularly at the Jubarte-Cachalote Asset, where the oil has an average API gravity below 20°. However, since the ESP MTTF (Mean Time To Failure) is around two years, Petrobras has proposed new technologies that can reduce the intervention time and costs for this method. The Subsea Pumping Module (MOBO) is an excellent alternative for it. The system consists of an ESP that is installed on a caisson located around two hundred meters from the production wellhead. This module allows not only a faster intervention for pump exchange after a failure when compared to the conventional in well ESP, but also accept the ESP installation without interrupting production (by using gas-lift as a contingence, bypassing the MOBO). On the other hand, the Pumping Module has inherent constructive instabilities. The geometry of the system forces a downward annular flow, which causes the partial gas-liquid separation of the incoming multiphase production. This separation may generate not only instabilities, but also an excessive gas fraction at the pump inlet, that may cause the phenomenon known as gas-lock, impairing the pump performance and even causing its failure. Thus, this study intends to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of the flow in the Pumping Module, through the use of a multiphase transient approach. This model have been developed using a multiphase transient simulator and it has been validated through an extensive comparison with a producing well. To carry it out, data were collected from online instrumentation and production tests to be used as validation parameters. A good correlation between model results and production information was obtained, helping Petrobras to predict unexpected behavior of new wells that will produce using the MOBO. The validated modelling proved to be an useful tool for flow assurance studies for this production setup.
A role for the human DNA repair enzyme HAP1 in cellular protection against DNA damaging agents and hypoxic stress (1994)

The HAP1 protein (also known as APE/Ref-1) is a bifunctional human nuclear enzyme required for repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA and reactivation of oxidized proto-oncogene products. To gain insight into the biological roles of HAP1, the effect of expressing antisense HAP1 RNA in HeLa cells was determined. The constructs for antisense RNA expression consisted of either a full-length HAP1 cDNA or a genomic DNA fragment cloned downstream of the CMV promoter in pcDNAneo. Stable HeLa cell transfectants expressing HAP1 antisense RNA were found to express greatly reduced levels of the HAP1 protein compared to equivalent sense orientation and vector-only control transfectants. The antisense HAP1 transfectants exhibited a normal growth rate, cell morphology and plating efficiency, but were hypersensitive to killing by a wide range of DNA damaging agents, including methyl methanesulphonate, hydrogen peroxide, menadione, and paraquat. However, survival after UV irradiation was unchanged. The antisense transfectants were strikingly sensitive to changes in oxygen tension, exhibiting increased killing compared to controls following exposure to both hypoxia (1% oxygen) and hyperoxia (100% oxygen). Consistent with a requirement for HAP1 in protection against hypoxic stress, expression of the HAP1 protein was found to be induced in a time-dependent manner in human cells during growth under 1% oxygen. The possible involvement of a depletion of cellular glutathione being linked to the hypoxic stress-sensitive phenotype of the antisense HAP1 transfectants came from the finding that they also exhibited hypersensitivity to buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis. We conclude that the HAP1 protein is a key factor in cellular protection against a wide variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage and a change in oxygen tension.
Supramolecular polymer nanofibers via electrospinning of a heteroditopic monomer (2011)

Driven by the benzo-21-crown-7/secondary ammonium salt recognition motif, a linear supramolecular polymer was formed from self-organization of a low-molecular-weight self-complementary monomer in chloroform. From this supramolecular polymer, nanofibers were obtained successfully via electrospinning.
Constructing Corporate America: History, Politics, Culture. <i>Edited by</i>Kenneth Lipartito and David B. Sicilia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. xii + 369 pp. Index, notes, figures, tables. Cloth, £55.00. ISBN: 0-199-25189-4. (2005)

Constructing Corporate America: History, Politics, Culture. Edited byKenneth Lipartito and David B. Sicilia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. xii + 369 pp. Index, notes, figures, tables. Cloth, £55.00. ISBN: 0-199-25189-4. - Volume 79 Issue 1
Lymphotoxin-β Receptor Activation by Activated T Cells Induces Cytokine Release from Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells (2004)

Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) signaling is known to play a key role in embryonic lymphoid organ formation as well as maintenance of lymphoid architecture. Activation of the LTbetaR is induced by either the heterotrimeric lymphotoxin-alpha(1)beta(2) (LTalpha(1)beta(2)) or the homotrimeric LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV gpD for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocyte). Both ligands are expressed on activated lymphocytes. As mast cells reside in close proximity to activated T cells in some inflammatory tissues, we examined the expression of LTbetaR on bone marrow-derived mast cells and asked whether the LTbetaR-ligand interaction would allow communication between mast cells and activated T cells. We found that mast cells express LTbetaR at the mRNA as well as at the protein level. To investigate LTbetaR-specific mast cell activation, the LTbetaR on BMMC from either wild-type or LTbetaR-deficient mice was stimulated with recombinant mouse LIGHT or agonistic mAbs in the presence of ionomycin. LTbetaR-specific release of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, TNF, and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and RANTES was detected. Moreover, coculture of mast cells with T cells expressing the LTbetaR ligands also entailed the release of these cytokines. Interference with a specific LTbetaR inhibitor resulted in significant suppression of mast cell cytokine release. These data clearly show that LTbetaR expressed on mast cells can transduce a costimulatory signal in T cell-dependent mast cell activation.
Characterizing variability in in vivo Raman spectra of different anatomical locations in the upper gastrointestinal tract toward cancer detection (2011)

Raman spectroscopy is an optical vibrational technology capable of probing biomolecular changes of tissue associated with cancer transformation. This study aimed to characterize in vivo Raman spectroscopic properties of tissues belonging to different anatomical regions in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and explore the implications for early detection of neoplastic lesions during clinical gastroscopy. A novel fiber-optic Raman endoscopy technique was utilized for real-time in vivo tissue Raman measurements of normal esophageal (distal, middle, and proximal), gastric (antrum, body, and cardia) as well as cancerous esophagous and gastric tissues from 107 patients who underwent endoscopic examinations. The non-negativity-constrained least squares minimization coupled with a reference database of Raman active biochemicals (i.e., actin, histones, collagen, DNA, and triolein) was employed for semiquantitative biomolecular modeling of tissue constituents in the upper GI. A total of 1189 in vivo Raman spectra were acquired from different locations in the upper GI. The Raman spectra among the distal, middle, and proximal sites of the esophagus showed no significant interanatomical variability. The interanatomical variability of Raman spectra among normal gastric tissue (antrum, body, and cardia) was subtle compared to cancerous tissue transformation, whereas biomolecular modeling revealed significant differences between the two organs, particularly in the gastroesophageal junction associated with proteins, DNA, and lipids. Cancerous tissues can be identified across interanatomical regions with accuracies of 89.3% [sensitivity of 92.6% (162∕175); specificity of 88.6% (665∕751)], and of 94.7% [sensitivity of 90.9% (30∕33); specificity of 93.9% (216∕230)] in the gastric and esophagus, respectively, using partial least squares-discriminant analysis together with the leave-one tissue site-out, cross validation. This work demonstrates that Raman endoscopy technique has promising clinical potential for real-time, in vivo diagnosis and detection of malignancies in the upper GI at the molecular level.
Methionine In and Out of Proteins: Targets for Drug Design (2002)

The increasing need for new antibiotics to overcome rapidly developing resistance mechanisms observed in clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative eubacteria has placed critical emphasis on the search for new antibacterial enzyme targets and the structural and mechanistic investigation of such targets. Among these potential targets, the enzymes responsible for integrating the amino acid methionine into proteins, along with its subsequent post-translational modification and repair, have emerged as promising candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. As well, there is increasing evidence for the importance of several of these enzymes in the development of anti-cancer, anti-parasitic, and anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Within the last three years, the crystal structures of all of these enzymes have been determined, which offers an unprecedented source of structural information for inhibitor design. The development of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening procedures has quickly provided several potent, specific inhibitors for a number of these enzymes, particularly the peptide deformylase, methionine aminopeptidase, and methionyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes. This review critically analyzes the future potential for inhibition of enzymes in this pathway, allowing for a pragmatic view of the success of inhibitor developments and highlighting areas in which further investigations are warranted.
Plasmon‐Mediated Syntheses of Metallic Nanostructures (2013)

The ability to prepare noble metal nanostructures of a desired composition, size, and shape enables their resulting properties to be exquisitely tailored, which has led to the use of these structures in numerous applications, ranging from medicine to electronics. The prospect of using light to guide nanoparticle reactions is extremely attractive since one can, in principle, regulate particle growth based on the ability of the nanostructures to absorb a specific excitation wavelength. Therefore, using the nature of light, one can generate a homogenous population of product nanoparticles from a heterogeneous starting population. The best example of this is afforded by plasmon-mediated syntheses of metal nanoparticles, which use visible light irradiation and plasmon excitation to drive the chemical reduction of Ag(+) by citrate. Since the initial discovery that Ag triangular prisms could be prepared by the photo-induced conversion of Ag spherical nanoparticles, plasmon-mediated synthesis has become a highly controllable technique for preparing a number of different Ag particles with tight control over shape, as well as a wide variety of Au-Ag bimetallic nanostructures. We discuss the underlying physical and chemical factors that drive structural selection and conclude by outlining some of the important design considerations for controlling particle shape as learned through studies of plasmon-mediated reactions, but applicable to all methods of noble metal nanocrystal synthesis.
Regulatory effects of introduction of an exogenous <scp>FGF2</scp> gene on other growth factor genes in a healing tendon (2014)

In this study of a tendon injury model, we investigated how injection of a vector incorporating one growth factor gene changes expression levels of multiple growth factor genes in the healing process. The flexor tendon of chicken toes was completely cut and repaired surgically. The tendons in the experimental arm were injected with an adeno-associated virus-2 vector incorporating basic fibroblast growth-factor gene, whereas the tendons in the control arm were not injected or injected with sham vectors. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that, within the tendon healing period, a set of growth factor genes-transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and connective tissue growth factor-were significantly up-regulated. Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-B gene was not changed, and the insulin-like growth factor was down-regulated. A tendon marker gene, scleraxis, was significantly up-regulated in the period. Our study revealed an intriguing finding that introduction of one growth factor gene in the healing tendon modulated expression of multiple growth factor genes. We believe this study may have significant implications in determining the approach of gene therapy, and the findings substantiate that gene therapy using a single growth factor could affect multiple growth factors.
Studies in computational geometry motivated by mesh generation (1989)

This thesis sprawls over most of discrete and computational geometry. There are four loose bodies of theory developed. (1) A quantitative and algorithmic theory of crossing number and crossing-free line segment in the plane. As five applications of this theory: we disprove two long-standing conjectures on the crossing number of the complete and complete bipartite graphs, we present the first exponential algorithm for planar minimum Steiner tree, and the first subexponential algorithms for planar traveling salesman tour and optimum triangulation, and we present an algorithm for generating all non-isomorphic $V$-vertex planar graphs, in O($V\sp3$) time per graph, using O($V$) total workspace. (2) Mesh generation, and the triangulation of polytopes: We have the strongest bounds on the number of $d$-simplices required to triangulate the $d$-cube, and new triangulation methods in the plane. A quantitative and qualitative--and practical--theory of finite element mesh quality suggests a new, simple strategy for generating good meshes. (3) The theory of graphs on N point sites in d-space. This subsumes many new results in: geometrical probability, sphere packing, and extremal configurations. An array of new multidimensional search data structures are used to devise fast algorithms for constructing many geometrical graphs. (4) Useful new results concerning the mensuration and structure of $d$-polytopes. In particular we extensively generalize the famous formula of Heron and Alexandria (75 AD), for the area of a triangle, and we present the first linear time congruence algorithm for 3-dimensional polyhedra.
There are few areas in the field that we leave untouched. (One of them is Haussler, Welzl, and others' recently developed theory of $\varepsilon$-nets (haus87) (chaz88).) Therefore, this thesis may profitably be thought of as Part II of the text by Preparata and Shamos (prep85). ($\geq$3 dimensions, and more advanced and more recent material.)
We close with the largest bibliography of the field, containing over 3000 references.
Facile Ar−CF<sub>3</sub> Bond Formation at Pd. Strikingly Different Outcomes of Reductive Elimination from [(Ph<sub>3</sub>P)<sub>2</sub>Pd(CF<sub>3</sub>)Ph] and [(Xantphos)Pd(CF<sub>3</sub>)Ph] (2006)

Facile and highly selective perfluoroalkyl-aryl reductive elimination from a metal center (Pd) has been demonstrated for the first time. At temperatures as low as 50-80 degrees C, [(Xantphos)Pd(Ph)CF3] undergoes remarkably clean decomposition to produce CF3Ph in high yield and selectivity. In contrast, analogous trifluoromethylpalladium aryls stabilized by rigid cis-chelating ligands such as dppe are completely unreactive at temperatures up to 130-140 degrees C. Decomposition of [(Ph3P)2Pd(Ph)CF3] in the presence of PhI in benzene at 60 degrees C does not produce PhCF3 but rather leads to [(Ph3P)2Pd(Ph)I] and [Ph4P]+[(Ph3P)Pd(CF3)3]- in a 2:1 ratio with high selectivity.
Recognizing Falls from Silhouettes (2006)

A major problem among the elderly involves falling. The recognition of falls from video first requires the segmentation of the individual from the background. To ensure privacy, segmentation should result in a silhouette that is a binary map indicating only the body position of the individual in an image. We have previously demonstrated a segmentation method based on color that can recognize the silhouette and detect and remove shadows. After the silhouettes are obtained, we extract features and train hidden Markov models to recognize future performances of these known activities. In this paper, we present preliminary results that demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for distinguishing between a few common activities, specifically with fall detection in mind.
Elastic wave propagation in deviated wells in anisotropic formations (2006)

A finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) formulation with a perfectly‐matched layer (PML) enables analysis of elastic wave propagation in a fluid‐filled borehole in an arbitrarily anisotropic formation. The FDTD formulation yields synthetic waveforms at an array of receivers produced by a monopole or dipole source placed on the borehole axis. Synthetic waveforms are then processed by a modified matrix pencil algorithm to isolate both non‐dispersive and dispersive arrivals in the wavetrain. The tube wave velocity obtained from the zero‐frequency intercept of the Stoneley dispersion compares very well with the analytical results for a range of well deviations in both fast and slow transversely‐isotropic (TI) formations. Good agreement is also obtained between low‐frequency asymptotes of borehole flexural dispersions and the corresponding shear wave velocities from a numerically exact solution of Kelvin‐Christoffel equations for plane wave velocities in an arbitrarily anisotropic formation. Numerical results indicate that the Stoneley dispersion changes by a rather small amount, whereas dipole flexural dispersions exhibit larger changes with wellbore deviations. Even though shear wave splitting occurs in deviated wellbores, shear slowness anisotropy is less than 2% for well deviations less than 40 degrees from the TI‐symmetry axis in certain types of shales, such as Austin chalk. Anisotropy induced coupling between the monopole Stoneley and dipole flexural modes is insignificant in deviated wellbores in the Austin chalk as well as in fast TI‐formations. The influence of an equivalent heavy‐fluid column structure on borehole elastic waves is described by an equivalent heavy‐fluid column placed concentrically with the borehole axis. The effect of a heavy‐fluid column on the borehole flexural mode is larger in fast than in slow formations. However, the Stoneley dispersion at all frequencies is affected by the presence of the tool structure in both the fast and slow formations. The present study confirms that the two orthogonal dipole flexural dispersions are nearly parallel to each other in slow formations and non‐intersecting in fast formations even in deviated wellbores and in the presence of an equivalent heavy‐fluid column structure.
Breast ultrasound waveform tomography: using both transmission and reflection data, and numerical virtual point sources (2014)

Ultrasound transmission tomography usually generates low-resolution breast images. We improve sound-speed reconstructions using ultrasound waveform tomography with both transmission and reflection data. We validate the improvement using computer-generated synthetic-aperture ultrasound transmission and reflection data for numerical breast phantoms. Our tomography results demonstrate that using both transmission and reflection data in ultrasound waveform tomography greatly enhances the resolution and accuracy of tomographic reconstructions compared to ultrasound waveform tomography using either transmission data or reflection data alone. To verify the capability of our novel ultrasound waveform tomography, we design and manufacture a new synthetic-aperture breast ultrasound tomography system with two parallel transducer arrays for clinical studies. The distance of the two transducer arrays is adjustable for accommodating different sizes of the breast. The parallel transducer arrays also allow us to easily scan the axillary region to evaluate the status of axillary lymph nodes and detect breast cancer in the axillary region. However, synthetic-aperture ultrasound reflection data acquired by firing each transducer element sequentially are usually much weaker than transmission data, and have much lower signal-to-noise ratios than the latter. We develop a numerical virtual-point-source method to enhance ultrasound reflection data using synthetic-aperture ultrasound data acquired by firing each transducer element sequentially. Synthetic-aperture ultrasound reflection data for a breast phantom obtained using our numerical virtual-point-source method reveals many coherent ultrasound reflection waveforms that are weak or invisible in the original synthetic-aperture ultrasound data. Ultrasound waveform tomography using both transmission and reflection data together with numerical virtual-point-source method has great potential to produce high-resolution tomographic reconstructions in clinical studies of breast ultrasound tomography.
Resource Management in the Autonomic Service-Oriented Architecture (2006)

In service oriented systems, Quality of Service (QoS) is a service selection driver. Users evaluate QoS at run time to address their service invocation to the most suitable provider. Thus, QoS has a direct impact on providers' revenues. However, QoS requirements are difficult to satisfy because of the high variability of Internet workloads. Workload variability cannot be accommodated with traditional capacity planning and allocation practices, but requires autonomic computing techniques. Autonomic computing involves two tightly inter-related problems, namely, a short-term resource allocation problem and a long-term capacity planning problem. Capacity planning requires an investment that should be balanced by the revenues obtained through resource allocation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive framework modelling both problems. The short-term resource allocation problem is analyzed in depth. The paper proposes an optimization model that identifies the optimal resource allocation by maximizing a provider's revenues while satisfying customers QoS constraints and minimizing resource usage cost. Preliminary computational experiments are presented to support the effectiveness of our approach.
El proceso electoral en España y en Cataluña según la Constitución de 1812 (2012)

En el presente trabajo se analiza la normativa electoral y su aplicación incluida en el articulado de la Constitución de 1812. Para ello en primer lugar se estudia el espíritu del proyecto electoral constitucional. Posteriormente se analiza su aplicación en los comicios para elegir las Cortes Ordinarias de 1813 en las dos realidades que contempla: los territorios de la metrópoli y los de ultramar. Analizada la normativa electoral, establecemos el Parlamento teórico resultante y su aplicación real. Finalmente, realizamos un análisis prosopográfico de los diputados elegidos en España y Cataluña, establecemos la morfología del parlamentario tipo y lo comparamos con los resultados de las dos realidades electorales apuntadas.