gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the Nuclear Receptor Coactivator <b> <i>AIB1</i> </b> (<b> <i>SRC-3</i> </b>) during Progression of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2004)

AIB1 overexpression is frequent in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions. On the basis of its rate-limiting role for the modulation of growth factor signals, we propose a major role of AIB1 in the multistage progression of pancreatic cancer.
Novel Fatty Acid Desaturases And Elongases And Uses Thereof (Patent CA 2768082 A1) (2011)

The invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encode novel fatty acid desaturases and elongases from the organism Emiliana huxleyi. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing desaturase or elongase nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and methods for large-scale production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), e.g. arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).\n\n
High Temperature Barrier Electrode Technology for High Density Ferroelectric Memories with Stacked Capacitor Structure (1998)

This paper describes the novel stacked electrode structure, , applicable to stacked memory cells in advanced ferroelectric memories. This structure acts as a stable bottom electrode and a barrier on a polysilicon plug up to 700°C and a stable contact resistance of 1.5 KΩ is obtained at the contact size of 0.6 μm. In addition to the low leakage current of lead zirconate titanate ] capacitor (10−8 A/cm2 at 3 V), degradation properties of fatigue and imprint are improved compared with conventional Pt electrodes. The decrease of the switched charge is restricted to less than 10% after the fatigue cycle of 1011. These results indicate its promise as a barrier electrode structure for advanced ferroelectric memory integration.
Implantable MEMS Accelerometer Microphone for Cochlear Prosthesis (2007)

A MEMS accelerometer is proposed as an implantable middle ear microphone for future fully implantable cochlear prosthesis. Vibration characterization of human temporal bones by using laser Doppler vibrometer indicates that a MEMS accelerometer needs to achieve a sensing resolution of 75 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μg/√Hz</i> with a bandwidth of 10 kHz to detect normal conversation. A prototype MEMS accelerometer is designed and fabricated. When interfaced with a low noise CMOS capacitance-to-voltage converter, the sensor achieves a sensing resolution of 78 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μg/√Hz</i> at 500 Hz with a sensitivity of 11.5 mV/g and bandwidth of 6.4 kHz. The overall system attached on umbo demonstrates the capability of detecting normal conversation.
Poly[(aryloxy)carbophosphazenes]: synthesis, properties, and thermal transition behavior (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly[(aryloxy)carbophosphazenes]: synthesis, properties, and thermal transition behaviorHarry R. Allcock, Suzanne M. Coley, Ian Manners, Oskar Nuyken, and Gerhard RennerCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 8, 2024–2028Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00008a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00008a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capillary Electrophoresis of a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction to Target Messenger RNA Markers for Body Fluid Identification (2011)

The analysis of cell-specific mRNA expression is a promising new method for the identification of body fluids. A number of mRNA markers have been identified for the forensically most relevant body fluids: blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood. Apart from a significant improvement in specificity compared to conventional protein-based methods, other important advantages of body fluid identification by mRNA profiling include the possibility of simultaneously isolating RNA and DNA from the same piece of stain and the ability to multiplex numerous RNA markers for the identification of one or several body fluids. RNA profiling can be incorporated into current DNA analysis pipelines.
Conditional targeted cell ablation in zebrafish: A new tool for regeneration studies (2007)

Conditional targeted cell ablation in zebrafish would greatly expand the utility of this genetic model system in developmental and regeneration studies, given its extensive regenerative capabilities. Here, we show that, by combining chemical and genetic tools, one can ablate cells in a temporal- and spatial-specific manner in zebrafish larvae. For this purpose, we used the bacterial Nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme to convert the prodrug Metronidazole (Mtz) into a cytotoxic DNA cross-linking agent. To investigate the efficiency of this system, we targeted three different cell lineages in the heart, pancreas, and liver. Expression of the fusion protein Cyan Fluorescent Protein-NTR (CFP-NTR) under control of tissue-specific promoters allowed us to induce the death of cardiomyocytes, pancreatic beta-cells, and hepatocytes at specific times. Moreover, we have observed that Mtz can be efficiently washed away and that, upon Mtz withdrawal, the profoundly affected tissue can quickly recover. These findings show that the NTR/Mtz system is effective for temporally and spatially controlled cell ablation in zebrafish, thereby constituting a most promising genetic tool to analyze tissue interactions as well as the mechanisms underlying regeneration.
Quantifying Cyclic Variability in a Multi-Cylinder HCCI Engine With High Residuals (2012)

Cyclic variability (CV) in lean HCCI combustion at the limits of operation is a known phenomenon, and this work aims at investigating the dominant effects for the cycle evolution at these conditions in a multi-cylinder engine. Experiments are performed in a four-cylinder engine at the operating limits at late phasing of lean HCCI operation with negative valve overlap (nvo). A combustion analysis method that estimates the unburned fuel mass on a per-cycle basis is applied on both main combustion and the nvo period revealing and quantifying the dominant effects for the cycle evolution at high CV. The interpretation of the results and comparisons with data from a single-cylinder engine indicate that, at high CV, the evolution of combustion phasing is dominated by low-order deterministic couplings similar to the single-cylinder behavior. Variations, such as in air flow and wall temperature, between cylinders strongly influence the level of CV but the evolution of the combustion phasing is governed by the interactions between engine cycles of the individual cylinders.
Preparation of scandium aluminum nitride thin films by using scandium aluminum alloy sputtering target and design of experiments (2010)

Scandium aluminum nitride alloy (ScxAl1−xN) thin films were prepared using rf magnetron sputtering with a scandium aluminum alloy (Sc0.42Al0.58) target on n-type (100) silicon substrates. We have investigated the effects of 4 sputtering control factors, which are substrate temperature, sputtering pressure, nitrogen (N2) concentration and cathode power, on the piezoelectric constant d33 of ScxAl1−xN films using design of experiments. Consequently, it is statistically proved that N2 concentration in sputtering gas is the most important control factor. The piezoelectric constant d33 indicates the maximum value of 19.0 pC/N at N2 concentration of 25%. The composition of ScxAl1−xN films prepared under optimized sputtering conditions is Sc0.38Al0.62N, and there is the composition difference between the ScAl alloy target and the thin film. However, the piezoelectric constant of the Sc0.38Al0.62N film is coincident with that of Sc0.38Al0.62N films prepared by dual co-sputtering. Thus, it is possible to prepare high piezoelectric ScxAl1−xN films by using the ScAl alloy sputtering target. ScAl alloy targets are effective for keeping scandium concentration constant in ScxAl1−xN thin films.
A Uniquely Stable Replication-Competent Retrovirus Vector Achieves Efficient Gene Delivery <i>in Vitro</i> and in Solid Tumors (2001)

A major obstacle in cancer gene therapy is the limited efficiency of in vivo gene transfer by replication-defective retrovirus vectors in current use. One strategy for circumventing this difficulty would be to use vectors capable of replication within tumor tissues. We have developed a replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) vector derived from murine leukemia virus (MuLV). This vector utilizes a unique design strategy in which an internal ribosome entry site-transgene cassette is positioned between the env gene and the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). The ability of this vector to replicate and transmit a transgene was examined in culture and in a solid tumor model in vivo. The RCR vector exhibited replication kinetics similar to those of wildtype MuLV and mediated efficient delivery of the transgene throughout an entire population of cells in culture after an initial inoculation with 1 plaque-forming unit (PFU) of vector per 2000 cells. After injection of 6 x 10(3) PFU of vector into established subcutaneous tumors, highly efficient spread of the transgene was observed over a period of 7 weeks, in some cases resulting in spread of the transgene throughout the entire tumor. MuLV-based RCR vectors show significant advantages over standard replication-defective vectors in efficiency of gene delivery both in culture and in vivo. This represents the first example of the use of an RCR vector in an adult mammalian host, and their first application to transduction of solid tumors.
Heparin conjugate: a versatile tool to modify surfaces. (2005)

Heparin is well known for its ability to improve the blood compatibility of materials. A method that uses a macromolecular conjugate of heparin to modify artificial and biological surfaces is described here.
Power electronics in electric utilities: static VAR compensators (1988)

The author deals with dynamic VAR compensation of electric power systems, applying power electronics for reactive power generation and control. After an overview of the emergence and status of modern, solid-state VAR compensators in utility and industrial applications, it is shown how dynamic VAR compensation increased transmittable power by providing voltage support, transient stability improvement, and power oscillation damping in electric power transmission systems. Methods of reactive power generation and control using thyristor-controlled reactors, with fixed and thyristor-switched capacitors or modern gate-turn-off (GTO) power converters that can function without AC capacitors or reactors, are described. A summary is included of the control structure and operation to provide the desired characteristics and performance in power systems applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A single-layer panoramic metalens with > 170{\deg} diffraction-limited field of view (2019)

Wide-angle optical functionality is crucial for implementation of advanced imaging and image projection devices. Conventionally, wide-angle operation is attained by complicated assembly of multiple optical elements. Recent advances in nanophotonics have led to metasurface lenses or metalenses, a new class of ultra-thin planar lenses utilizing subwavelength nanoantennas to gain full control of the phase, amplitude, and/or polarization of light. Here we present a novel metalens design capable of performing diffraction-limited focusing and imaging over an unprecedented > 170 degree angular field of view (FOV). The lens is monolithically integrated on a one-piece flat substrate and involves only a single layer of metasurface that corrects third-order Seidel aberrations including coma, astigmatism, and field curvature. The metalens further features a planar focal plane, which enables considerably simplified system architectures for applications in imaging and projection. We fabricated the metalens using Huygens meta-atoms operating at 5.2 micron wavelength and experimentally demonstrated aberration-free focusing and imaging over the entire FOV. The design concept is generic and can be readily adapted to different meta-atom geometries and wavelength ranges to meet diverse application demands.
Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Antagonism Improves Glucagon and Corticosterone Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2011)

Diminished responsiveness to hypoglycemia contributes to defective counterregulation in diabetes. Pancreatic and/or circulating somatostatin are elevated in diabetes, which may inhibit counterregulatory hormone release during hypoglycemia. Thus, a selective somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonist (SSTR2a) should improve hormone counterregulation to hypoglycemia. Nondiabetic (N) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) rats underwent 4-h infusion of saline or SSTR2a with insulin-induced hypoglycemia clamped at 2.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L. To evaluate the effect of the SSTR2a in the absence of hypoglycemia, rats underwent a 4-h infusion of saline (Ctrl:N, Ctrl:D) or SSTR2a (Ctrl:D+SSTR2a) only. The attenuated glucagon response to hypoglycemia in D (P < 0.0002) was fully restored by SSTR2a (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the attenuated corticosterone response in D (P < 0.002) was also enhanced by SSTR2a (P < 0.05). In the absence of hypoglycemia, SSTR2a did not alter basal blood glucose levels. D exhibited 62% more pancreatic somatostatin than N after hypoglycemia. In N rats, SSTR2a did not augment the glucagon or corticosterone response to hypoglycemia. Thus, somatostatin may contribute to impaired glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycemia in diabetes. We demonstrate that SSTR2 antagonism enhances hypoglycemia-stimulated glucagon and corticosterone release in D but not in N rats. SSTR2 antagonism does not affect basal glycemia in D rats.
Efficient and optimal scheduling of time-constrained hybrid multi-cluster tools in semiconductor industry (2016)

Scheduling a multi-cluster tool with wafer residency time constraints is highly challenging yet important in ensuring high productivity of wafer fabrication. This paper presents a method to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule for it. A Petri net is developed to model its dynamic behavior. By using this model, its schedule is found and analytically expressed as a function of robots' waiting time. In addition, this work establishes the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a feasible one-wafer cyclic schedule exists. Then, it gives efficient algorithms to find such a schedule that is optimal. These algorithms require one to determine the robots' waiting time via simple calculation and thus are efficient.
Design and applications of a scanning SQUID microscope (1995)

The scanning SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) microscope is an extremely sensitive instrument for imaging local magnetic fields. We describe one such instrument which combines a novel pivoting lever mechanism for coarse-scale imaging with a piezoelectric tube scanner for fine-scale scans. The magnetic field sensor is an integrated miniature SQUID magnetometer. This instrument has a demonstrated magnetic field sensitivity of <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−6</sup> gauss/√Hz at a spatial resolution of ∼10 µm. The design and operation of this scanning SQUID microscope are described, and several illustrations of the capabilities of this technique are presented. The absolute calibration of this instrument with an ideal point source, a single vortex trapped in a superconducting film, is shown. The use of this instrument for the first observation of half-integer flux quanta, in tricrystal thin-film rings of YBa <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7−δ</inf> , is described. The half-integer flux quantum effect is a general test of the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. One such test rules out symmetry-independent mechanisms for the half-integer flux quantum effect, and proves that the order parameter in YBa <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7−δ</inf> has lobes and nodes consistent with d-wave symmetry.
Development Of A Novel First-In-Class Oral Inhibitor Of The Notch Pathway (2016)

PTCB
Atomic-Scale Time and Space Resolution of Terahertz Frequency Acoustic Waves (2008)

Using molecular dynamics simulations and analytics, we find that strain waves of terahertz frequencies can coherently generate radiation when they propagate past an interface between materials with different piezoelectric coefficients. By considering AlN/GaN heterostructures, we show that the radiation is of detectable amplitude and contains sufficient information to determine the time dependence of the strain wave with potentially subpicosecond, nearly atomic time and space resolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon within the context of high amplitude terahertz frequency strain waves that spontaneously form at the front of shock waves in GaN crystals.
Rapid motion compensation for prostate biopsy using GPU (2008)

Image-guided procedures have become routine in medicine. Due to the nature of three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the target organs, two-dimensional (2-D) image acquisition is gradually being replaced by 3-D imaging. Specifically in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, biopsy can be performed using 3-D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image guidance. Because prostatic cancers are multifocal, it is crucial to accurately guide biopsy needles towards planned targets. Further the gland tends to move due to external physical disturbances, discomfort introduced by the procedure or intrinsic peristalsis. As a result the exact position of the gland must be rapidly updated so as to correspond with the originally acquired 3-D TRUS volume prior to biopsy planning. A graphics processing unit (GPU) is used in this study to compute rapid updates performing 3-D motion compensation via registration of the live 2-D image and the acquired 3-D TRUS volume. The parallel computational framework on the GPU is exploited resulting in mean compute times of 0.46 seconds for updating the position of a live 2-D buffer image containing 91,000 pixels. A 2x sub-sampling resulted in a further improvement to 0.19 seconds. With the increase in GPU multiprocessors and sub-sampling, we observe that real time motion compensation can be achieved.
Analysis of Quality and Techniques for Hybridization of Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.)Sacc. (Ascomycetes) (2004)

In the course of our research with cultivated medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis, we have noted a greater diversity of compounds from different strains of this single species than in almost any other organism we have analyzed. Because of this great difference in chemical composition, a wide range of quality is found in cultivated C. sinensis. This article details the unique methods used to develop hybridized strains of C. sinensis using rattlesnake venom to trigger somatic fusion of dissimilar mycelial strains.This results in the reproducible production of cultivated C. sinensis containing quantities of recognized bioactive compounds equal to or greater than the quantities found in wild collected strains.These techniques and methods offer great promise in allowing cultivators of C. sinensis and other Cordyceps species to take their artificially cultivated products to a higher and more consistent level of quality and provide protocols for analysis of C. sinensis quality using HPLC and GC techniques.
Mutagenesis of solvent-exposed amino acids in <i>Photinus pyralis</i> luciferase improves thermostability and pH-tolerance (2006)

Firefly luciferase catalyses a two-step reaction, using ATP-Mg2+, firefly luciferin and molecular oxygen as substrates, leading to the efficient emission of yellow-green light. We report the identification of novel luciferase mutants which combine improved pH-tolerance and thermostability and that retain the specific activity of the wild-type enzyme. These were identified by the mutagenesis of solvent-exposed non-conserved hydrophobic amino acids to hydrophilic residues in Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase followed by in vivo activity screening. Mutants F14R, L35Q, V182K, I232K and F465R were found to be the preferred substitutions at the respective positions. The effects of these amino acid replacements are additive, since combination of the five substitutions produced an enzyme with greatly improved pH-tolerance and stability up to 45 degrees C. All mutants, including the mutant with all five substitutions, showed neither a decrease in specific activity relative to the recombinant wild-type enzyme, nor any substantial differences in kinetic constants. It is envisaged that the combined mutant will be superior to wild-type luciferase for many in vitro and in vivo applications.
Giant Tunnel Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature for Junctions using Full-Heusler Co<sub>2</sub>FeAl<sub>0.5</sub>Si<sub>0.5</sub> Electrodes (2007)

The authors have investigated the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 full-Heusler electrodes and a MgO barrier in the thickness range of 1.5–2.5 nm. A cross-sectional transmission electron micrograph showed the epitaxial growth of both the upper and lower Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 layers and a MgO barrier and some distortion in the MgO barrier after annealing above 400 °C. An exponential dependence of resistance × area product on MgO barrier thickness was observed. TMR ratio was strongly affected by MgO barrier thickness, exhibiting maxima of 220% at room temperature and 390% at 5 K. The latter corresponds to the spin polarization of 0.81. It was also found that the features of this MTJ include a small asymmetry voltage and weak temperature dependence of its TMR ratio.