gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways (2004)

We previously identified the major pathological changes in the respiratory and immune systems of patients who died of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) but gained little information on the organ distribution of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In the present study, we used a murine monoclonal antibody specific for SARS-CoV nucleoprotein, and probes specific for a SARS-CoV RNA polymerase gene fragment, for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively, to detect SARS-CoV systematically in tissues from patients who died of SARS. SARS-CoV was found in lung, trachea/bronchus, stomach, small intestine, distal convoluted renal tubule, sweat gland, parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal gland, liver and cerebrum, but was not detected in oesophagus, spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, heart, aorta, cerebellum, thyroid, testis, ovary, uterus or muscle. These results suggest that, in addition to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract and other organs with detectable SARS-CoV may also be targets of SARS-CoV infection. The pathological changes in these organs may be caused directly by the cytopathic effect mediated by local replication of the SARS-CoV; or indirectly as a result of systemic responses to respiratory failure or the harmful immune response induced by viral infection. In addition to viral spread through a respiratory route, SARS-CoV in the intestinal tract, kidney and sweat glands may be excreted via faeces, urine and sweat, thereby leading to virus transmission. This study provides important information for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV infection and sheds light on possible virus transmission pathways. This data will be useful for designing new strategies for prevention and treatment of SARS.
Synthesis of Vinca alkaloids and related compounds. 21. Preparation of (.+-.)-eburnamonine, (.+-.)-3-epieburnamonine, and (.+-.)-C-norquebrachamine from a common intermediate (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Vinca alkaloids and related compounds. 21. Preparation of (.+-.)-eburnamonine, (.+-.)-3-epieburnamonine, and (.+-.)-C-norquebrachamine from a common intermediateGyoergy Kalaus, Numan Malkieh, Ildiko Katona, Maria Kajtar-Peredy, Tibor Koritsanszky, Alajos Kalman, Lajos Szabo, and Csaba SzantayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 20, 3760–3767Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00220a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New evolutionary search for long low autocorrelation binary sequences (2015)

Binary sequences with low aperiodic autocorrelation levels, defined in terms of the peak sidelobe level (PSL) and/or merit factor, have many important engineering applications, such as radars, sonars, spread spectrum communications, system identification, and cryptography. Searching for low autocorrelation binary sequences (LABS) is a notorious combinatorial problem, and has been chosen to form a benchmark test for constraint solvers. Due to its prohibitively high complexity, an exhaustive search solution is impractical, except for relatively short lengths. Many suboptimal algorithms have been introduced to extend the LABS search for lengths of up to a few hundred. In this paper, we address the challenge of discovering even longer LABS by proposing an evolutionary algorithm (EA) with a new combination of several features, borrowed from genetic algorithms, evolutionary strategies (ES), and memetic algorithms. The proposed algorithm can efficiently discover long LABS of lengths up to several thousand. Record-breaking minimum peak sidelobe results of many lengths up to 4096 have been tabulated for benchmarking purposes. In addition, our algorithm design can be easily adapted to tackle various extensions of the LABS problem, say, with a generic sidelobe criterion and/or for possibly nonbinary sequences.
A Study of Crosstalk in a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256 \times 256$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Photon Counting Imager Based on Silicon Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes (2014)

We demonstrate a 256 × 256 passive photon counting imager based on hybridization of back-illuminated silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes to an all-digital CMOS counting chip. Photon detection efficiencies in the 10%-20% are observed at visible wavelengths. The detection efficiency is currently limited by optical crosstalk that leads to elevation of dark count rates as the bias voltage on the photodiodes is increased. Both the time dependence of dark count activity during a gate time and the spatial structure of dark images were successfully explained using crosstalk-based models.
Individual Differences in Musical Taste (2010)

Several studies have investigated the relationship between (usually a narrow set of) personality dimensions and liking for a small number of individual musical styles. To date there has been no attempt to investigate, within a single methodology, the extent to which personality factors correlate with liking for a very wide range of musical styles. To address this, 36,518 participants rated their liking for 104 musical styles, completed a short form of the Big 5 personality inventory, and provided other data about their favorite musical styles. Personality factors were related to both liking for the musical styles and participants' reasons for listening to this music. However, on the whole these latter variables were related more closely to participants' age, sex, and income than to Big 5 scores. Thus, personality is related to musical taste, but other individual differences are arguably related more closely.
Compact one-lens fluorescence microscope using CMOS image sensor (2015)

A fluorescence imaging module includes a fluorescence sample, a lens, an emission filter, an image sensor, and an illuminating device disposed between the sample and the lens. The illuminating device comprises a truncated pyramid for bending light emitted by the excitation light source toward the central area of the fluorescence sample. Light from the excitation light source enters from a slanted side surface of the truncated pyramid and emerges at the top of the truncated pyramid to illuminate the sample. The fluorescence image of the sample is formed by the lens through the emission filter on the image sensor.
A Compact Flat Cathode Ray Tube (1982)

Of all the display devices which have been so far proposed, the cathode ray tube still offers a number of advantages of its own: high luminous efficiency, easy addressing a wide dynamic range of brightness, and a well-established manufacturing process. The conventional CRT, on the other hand, has the disadvantages of requiring a high voltage and of having considerable depth. Although recent advances in electronic circuit technology have somewhat offset the former drawback, it is undeniable that the CRT's geometry makes its use as a display devices in certain applications difficult.
A Modulated High-Power Optical Source Specification. (1990)

An apparatus for generating a relatively high-power, modulated optical beam is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first element for emitting a relatively low-power laser beam at a preselected wavelength, means for focusing the laser beam into a focused beam, a damage-resistant integrated optic modulator responsive to the focused beam for developing a modulated beam, optical means for shaping the modulated beam into a shaped modulated beam, and semiconductor means having a large active area responsive to the shaped, modulated beam for producing a relatively high-power, output modulated beam. In a first embodiment, the semiconductor means is a semiconductor amplifier which amplifies the modulated beam to produce the high-power, modulated output beam. In a second embodiment, the semiconductor means is a semiconductor amplifier with a highly-reflective, coated rear facet for reflecting the amplified focused beam back through the amplifier to produce a twice-amplified, high-power, output modulated beam which is reflected out of the apparatus by a polarizing beam-splitter in the optical means.
Full reference and reduced reference metrics for image quality assessment (2003)

In this paper, we propose efficient full reference and reduced reference image quality assessment metrics. These two metrics are based on human visual system properties to get the best correspondence with human judgments. The full reference metric is generic (independent from image distortion type) and convenient for image coding schemes comparison. From this metric, we have derived a reduced reference metric suitable for quality of service monitoring in a broadcasting purpose. The two metrics share common processings. The main difference between them comes from the selection of information in order to get a high-level representation of images for a reduced reference metric. If limited to a specific type of image coding scheme, the two metrics achieve similar performances.
An Efficient Benchtop System for Multigram-Scale Kinetic Resolutions Using Aldolase Antibodies (2000)

The preparative scale kinetic resolution of racemic aldols 1-4 using aldolase antibodies 38C2 (Aldrich no. 47 995–0) and 84G3 (Aldrich no. 52 785–8) is described. These reactions use a biphasic aqueous/organic solvent system that allows the catalyst to be reused. Reaction scales range from miligrams to grams, with 0.0086 to 0.12 mol % of antibody binding sites. Because antibodies 38C2 and 84G3 have opposite enantioselectivities, both aldol product enantiomers are accessible by kinetic resolution.
Spectral response apodization of Bragg-like optical filters with a novel grating chirp design (2003)

A novel grating chirp design providing symmetric apodization without perturbing local propagation constants is successfully applied to realize codirectional grating assisted filter. This technique is suited for apodization of Bragg grating filters and mirror spectra as well.
Solving Extended Regular Constraints Symbolically (2009)

Abstract—Constraints over regular expressions are common in programming languages, often in combination with other constraints involving strings. Efficient solving of such constraints has many useful applications in program analysis and testing. We introduce a method for symbolically expressing and analyzing regular constraints using state of the art SMT solving techniques. The method is implemented using the SMT solver Z3 and is evaluated over a collection of benchmarks. Keywords-regular expressions; subset constraints; finite automata; satisfiability modulo theories; strings I.
Hadamard-encoded multi-pulses for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging (2017)

The development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging has great potential for use in new ultrasound clinical applications such as myocardial perfusion imaging and abdominal lesion characterization. In CEUS imaging, the contrast agents (i.e., microbubbles) are used to improve the contrast between blood and tissue because they reflect high nonlinear energy under low ultrasound pressure. Several classic CEUS pulse sequences are widely used such as pulse inversion, amplitude modulation, and pulse inversion amplitude modulation combined. They generally involve two individual pulses which are emitted separately in two transmission events (i.e., pulse-echo events). However, single pulse emission with low acoustic pressure may result in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially in deeper imaging region. In this paper, we propose a new CEUS pulse sequence by combining Hadamard-encoded multi-pulses (HEM) with fundamental frequency bandpass filter (i.e., filter centered on transmit frequency). HEM consecutively emits multi-pulses encoded by a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order Hadamard matrix in each of the two transmission events rather than individual pulses in two separate events. The microbubble responses can thus be improved by the longer transmit pulse and the tissue harmonics can be suppressed by the fundamental frequency filter, leading to significantly improved SNR and contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). In addition, the fast polarity change between consecutive coded pulse emissions excites strong nonlinear microbubble echoes, further enhancing the CEUS image quality. The spatial resolution of HEM image is compromised as compared to other CEUS methods due to the longer transmit pulses and the lower imaging frequency (i.e., fundamental frequency). However, the resolution loss was shown to be negligible and could be offset by the significantly enhanced CTR and SNR. These properties of HEM can potentially facilitate robust CEUS imaging for a wide spectrum of clinical applications, especially for deep abdominal organs and heart.
Antitumor activity of a novel antisense oligonucleotide against Akt1 (2009)

The AKT pathway is an important therapeutic target for cancer drug discovery as it functions as a main point for transducing extracellular and intracellular oncogenic signals. Moreover, alternations of the AKT pathway have been found in a wide range of cancers. In the present study, we found that an Akt1 antisense oligonucleotide (Akt1 AO) significantly downregulated the expression of AKT1 at both the mRNA and protein levels and inhibited cellular growth at nanomolar concentrations in various types of human cancer cells. Combined treatment of Akt1 AO with several cytotoxic drugs resulted in an additive growth inhibition of Caki-1 cells. The in vivo effectiveness of Akt1 AO was determined using two different xenograft nude mouse models. Akt1 AO (30 mg/kg, i.v. every 48 h) significantly inhibited the tumor growth of nude mouse subcutaneously implanted with U251 human glioblastoma cells after 27 days treatment. Akt1 AO (30 mg/kg, i.p continuously via osmotic pump) also significantly inhibited the tumor formation in nude mice implanted with luciferase-expressing MIA human pancreatic cancer cells (MIA-Luc) after 14 days of treatment. The luciferase signals from MIA-Luc cells were reduced or completely abolished after 2 weeks of treatment and the implanted tumors were barely detectable. Our findings suggest that Akt1 AO alone or in combination with other clinically approved anticancer agents should be further explored and progressed into clinical studies as a potential novel therapeutic agent.
A method for wafer level hermetic packaging of SOI-MEMS devices with embedded vertical feedthroughs using advanced MEMS process (2015)

This paper presents a novel, inherently simple, and low-cost fabrication and hermetic packaging method developed for SOI-MEMS devices, where a single SOI wafer is used for the fabrication of MEMS structures as well as vertical feedthroughs, while a single glass cap wafer is used for hermetic encapsulation and routing metallization. Hermetic encapsulation can be achieved either with the silicon-glass anodic or Au-Si eutectic bonding techniques. The dies sealed with anodic and Au-Si eutectic bonding provide a low vertical feedthrough resistance around 50 Omega. Glass-to-silicon anodically and Au-Si eutectic bonded seals yield a very stable cavity pressure below 10 mTorr with thin-film getters, which are measured to be stable even after 311 d. The package pressure can be adjusted from 5 mTorr to 20 Torr by using different outgassing, cavity depth, and gettering options. The packaging yield is observed to be around 64% and 84% for the anodic and Au-Si eutectic packages, respectively. The average shear strength of the anodic and eutectic packages is measured to be higher than 17 MPa and 42 MPa, respectively. Temperature cycling, high temperature storage, and ultra-high temperature shock tests result in no degradation in the hermeticity of the packaged chips, proving perfect thermal reliability.
Analysis of MRE11 and Mortality Among Adults With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Managed With Trimodality Therapy (2022)

Higher MRE11 NC signal ratios were associated with better DSM after trimodality therapy. Lower MRE11 NC signal ratios identified a poor prognosis subgroup that may benefit from intensification of therapy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Responsive Pluronic F127−Chitosan Nanocapsules for Controlled Release and Intracellular Delivery of Small Molecules (2010)

In this study, we synthesized empty core-shell structured nanocapsules of Pluronic F127 and chitosan and characterized the thermal responsiveness of the nanocapsules in size and wall-permeability. Moreover, we determined the feasibility of using the nanocapsules to encapsulate small molecules for temperature-controlled release and intracellular delivery. The nanocapsules are ∼37 nm at 37 °C and expand to ∼240 nm when cooled to 4 °C in aqueous solutions, exhibiting >200 times change in volume. Moreover, the permeability of the nanocapsule wall is high at 4 °C (when the nanocapsules are swollen), allowing free diffusion of small molecules (ethidium bromide, MW = 394.3 Da) across the wall, while at 37 °C (when the nanocapsules are swollen), the wall-permeability is so low that the small molecules can be effectively withheld in the nanocapsule for hours. As a result of their thermal responsiveness in size and wall-permeability, the nanocapsules are capable of encapsulating the small molecules for temperature-controlled release and intracellular delivery into the cytosol of both cancerous (MCF-7) and noncancerous (C3H10T1/2) mammalian cells. The cancerous cells were found to take up the nanocapsules much faster than the noncancerous cells during 45 min incubation at 37 °C. Moreover, toxicity of the nanocapsules as a delivery vehicle was found to be negligible. The Pluronic F127-chitosan nanocapsules should be very useful for encapsulating small therapeutic agents to treat diseases particularly when it is combined with cryotherapy where the process of cooling and heating between 37 °C and hypothermic temperatures is naturally done.
Development of a novel human phage display-derived anti-LAG3 scFv antibody targeting CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion (2019)

Overall, the biotechnological strategy described herein represents a guiding development model for the search of novel useful immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, our functional data propose a novel candidate reagent for consideration as a cancer treatment.
Hybrid integration and packaging of an energy-efficient WDM silicon photonic chip-to-chip interconnect (2015)

We present the packaging of a large multi-chip energy-efficient WDM silicon photonic interconnect prototype enabled by hybrid integration, high-accuracy optical alignment and thermal-mechanical aware design and assembly.
Direct Decomposition of Methane to Hydrogen on Metal-Loaded Zeolite Catalyst (2007)

The regeneration of a Ru-Mo/ZSM5 catalyst used to produce hydrogen by decomposition reactions was examined at 873 K in either flowing hydrogen or air. The Ru-Mo/ZSM5 catalyst was deactivated under methane decomposition reaction conditions at temperatures of 873, 973, and 1073 K. The effect of reaction and regeneration conditions on catalyst activity, BET surface area and temperature programmed oxidation profiles is discussed. Regeneration using hydrogen was found to be less effective than air oxidation for the conditions explored. The methane decomposition reactions produced hydrogen primarily through the formation of liquid aromatics. The highest hydrogen production rates were obtained at 1073 K, however, deactivation was greatest at this temperature and the catalyst was not fully regenerated. A better selectivity to liquids combined with a relatively stable catalyst activity indicates that 973 K may be adequate for longer term catalyst and cycled regeneration analyses.
Development of the selective hydrophobic coagulation process. Tenth quarterly technical progress report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 (1994)

A novel technique for selectively coagulating and separating coal from dispersed mineral matter has been developed at Virginia Tech. The process, known as Selective Hydrophobic Coagulation (SHC), has been studied since 1986. The SHC process differs from oil agglomeration, shear flocculation, polymer flocculation, and electrolytic coagulation processes in that it does not require reagents or additives to induce the formation of coagula. Often, simple pH control is all that is required to (1) induced the coagulation of coal particles, and (2) effectively disperse particles of mineral matter. When the coal is superficially oxidized, a small dosage of reagents may be used to promote coagulation. During the past quarter, calculations were carried out under Subtask 2.3 (Predicting Optimum Conditions Using the Extended DLVO Equation) to explain the selectivity window that occurs between pH 7--9 in the SHC process. These calculations suggest that particle interactions involving the edge surfaces of clay are the most important, while interactions involving silica and face surfaces of clay are not as important. Experiments were also continued under Subtask 3.3 (Advanced Separation Methods) to investigate the performance of a centrifuge for separating hydrophobic coagula from dispersed mineral matter. These tests show that coagula recovery increases with centrifugalmore » field strength and decreases with solids content and feed flow rate. Work is now in progress to evaluate the performance of a vacuum filter for coagula recovery.« less
Visual query suggestion (2009)

Query suggestion is an effective approach to improve the usability of image search. Most existing search engines are able to automatically suggest a list of textual query terms based on users' current query input, which can be called Textual Query Suggestion. This paper proposes a new query suggestion scheme named Visual Query Suggestion (VQS) which is dedicated to image search. It provides a more effective query interface to formulate an intent-specific query by joint text and image suggestions. We show that VQS is able to more precisely and more quickly help users specify and deliver their search intents. When a user submits a text query, VQS first provides a list of suggestions, each containing a keyword and a collection of representative images in a dropdown menu. If the user selects one of the suggestions, the corresponding keyword will be added to complement the initial text query as the new text query, while the image collection will be formulated as the visual query. VQS then performs image search based on the new text query using text search techniques, as well as content-based visual retrieval to refine the search results by using the corresponding images as query examples. We compare VQS with three popular image search engines, and show that VQS outperforms these engines in terms of both the quality of query suggestion and search performance.