gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of gefapixant, a P2X3 antagonist, on cough reflex sensitivity: a randomised placebo-controlled study (2019)

We evaluated the effect of gefapixant on cough reflex sensitivity to evoked tussive challenge.In this phase 2, double-blind, two-period study, patients with chronic cough (CC) and healthy volunteers (HV) were randomised to single-dose gefapixant 100 mg or placebo in a crossover fashion. Sequential inhalational challenges with ATP, citric acid, capsaicin and distilled water were performed 1, 3 and 5 h after dosing. Mean concentrations evoking ≥2 coughs (C2) and ≥5 coughs (C5) post dose <i>versus</i> baseline were co-primary endpoints. Objective cough frequency (coughs·h<sup>-1</sup>) over 24 h and a cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed in CC patients. Adverse events were monitored.24 CC patients and 12 HV were randomised (mean age 61 and 38 years, respectively). The cough challenge threshold increased for ATP by 4.7-fold (C2, p≤0.001) and 3.7-fold (C5, p=0.007) for gefapixant <i>versus</i> placebo in CC patients; in HV, C2 and C5 increased 2.4-fold (C2, p=0.113; C5, p=0.003). The distilled water C2 and C5 thresholds increased significantly (p<0.001) by a factor of 1.4 and 1.3, respectively, in CC patients. Gefapixant had no effect on capsaicin or citric acid challenge. Median cough frequency was reduced by 42% and the least squares mean cough severity VAS was 18.0 mm lower for gefapixant <i>versus</i> placebo in CC patients. Dysgeusia was the most frequent adverse event (75% of HV and 67% of CC patients).ATP-evoked cough was significantly inhibited by gefapixant 100 mg, demonstrating peripheral target engagement. Cough count and severity were reduced in CC patients. Distilled water may also evoke cough through a purinergic pathway.
High-Performance Polymer Semiconductor-Based Nonvolatile Memory Cells with Nondestructive Read-Out (2017)

In this manuscript, the fabrication of polymer nonvolatile memory cells based on one-transistor–one-transistor (1T1T) device geometries is reported. A spin-coated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductor was used as the active channel layer for both the control transistor (CT) and memory transistor (MT); thermally deposited gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were inserted between the tunneling and blocking gate dielectrics as a charge-trapping layer of the MT. In the 1T1T memory cell, the source electrode of the CT was connected to the gate electrode of the MT, while the drain electrode of the MT was connected to the gate electrode of the CT. The reading and writing processes of the memory cells operated separately, which yielded a nondestructive read-out capability. The fabricated 1T1T polymer memory cells exhibited excellent device performances with a large memory window of 16.1 V, a high programming–erasing current ratio >103, a long retention of 103 s, a cyclic stability of 500 cycles, and a 2-bit data storage capability. The proposed device architecture provides a feasible method by which to achieve high-performance organic nonvolatile memory.
Automatic Identification of Macular Edema in Optical Coherence Tomography Images (2018)

The conference was held in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, 27 - 29 January 2018.
Suppression of Arterial Thrombosis Without Affecting Hemostatic Parameters With a Cell-Penetrating PAR1 Pepducin (2012)

Based on the efficacy data in nonhuman primates with no noted adverse effects on hemostasis, we anticipate that the rapid onset of platelet inhibition and reversible properties of PZ-128 are well suited to the acute interventional setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and may provide an alternative to long-acting small-molecule inhibitors of PAR1.
Synergistic Anti-Tumor Effect of Cisplatin When Combined with an Anti-Src Kinase Integrin-Based Peptide (2011)

Background: It is known that active Src kinase promotes survival of ovarian cancer cell lines and inhibition of c-Src has been shown to restore sensitivity of drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. In this study we examined the effects of a 10 mer peptide on proliferation of human colon and ovarian cancer cells when used alone and in combination with cisplatin. Materials and Methods: A 10 mer peptide, RSKAKNPLYR, derived from a 15 mer ERK2 binding sequence present on the cytoplasmic domain of the β6 integrin subunit was tested for its effect on proliferation of HT29 colon cancer cells under serum-free conditions by means of the MTT assay. Cell proliferation studies to examine the effects of cisplatin combined with peptide were conducted in serum-containing medium using the 10 mer peptide fused to a hydrophobic signal peptide sequence. Drug combination studies were performed on HT29 cells and a cisplatin-resistant cell line (ADDP) derived from an ovarian cancer cell line A2780. The effects of peptides on Src kinase activity were assessed in a cell-free in vitro kinase assay. Results: The 10 mer peptide was as effective as the 15 mer parent compound at inhibiting proliferation of HT29 cells. Exposure of HT29 and ADDP cells to a combination of cisplatin and the fusion peptide resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell growth. Both the 10 mer peptide alone and when fused to the signal peptide sequence inhibited Src kinase activity. Conclusion: Our findings raise the possibility of combination therapy comprising peptide and cisplatin for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancers and other cancers that are high expressors of c-Src.
Repeater Insertion to Reduce Delay and Power in Copper and Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanointerconnects (2019)

Optimal repeater designs are performed for Cu and carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanointerconnects to reduce the delay and power dissipation. The effects of inductance and metal-CNT contact resistance are treated appropriately. In this paper, the circuit parameters are calculated analytically, while they can be extracted experimentally for a specific foundry at a specific technology node. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is employed to numerically calculate the optimal repeater size and the optimal number of repeaters in the Cu and CNT-based nanointerconnects. The results are verified against the analytical and genetic algorithm results. To facilitate CAD design, the machine-learning neural network (NN) is adopted. The data obtained using the PSO algorithm are used to train the NN and the feasibility of the NN is investigated and validated.
Induction of constitutive melanogenesis in amelanotic mouse melanoma cells by transfection of the human melanocortin-1 receptor gene (1996)

The human melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor was stably expressed in the amelanotic mouse melanoma cell clone B16-G4F which does not express its own (mouse) MC1 receptor and hence is unresponsive to alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH). From several stable transfectant cell lines expressing the human MC1 receptor in relatively high numbers, three melanin producing clones (G4F-12, 14, and 15) and one amelanotic clone (G4F-7) were further analyzed in competition binding experiments and in cAMP and melanin assays. The dissociation constants (KD) for [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha MSH in all four clones ranged from 0.187 to 0.705 nmol/l, thus corresponding to the KD observed with the different human melanoma cell lines so far studied. Intracellular cAMP content was 3- to 5-fold higher than that of control cells, and alpha MSH induced an additional 1.5- to 1.7-fold increase. G4F-15 cells secreted melanin into the medium whereas the other clones did not secrete melanin. The extent of melanin secretion was similar to that of fully alpha MSH-stimulated B16-F1 mouse melanoma cells but the onset of secretion was delayed. alpha MSH induced an additional dose-related increase (up to 1.3-fold) in melanin production which could be suppressed by the addition of specific alpha MSH antibodies without altering the constitutive part of melanogenesis. Human and mouse agouti proteins, which inhibit basal and alpha MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16-F1 cells, both reduced alpha MSH-induced melanin production in G4F-15 cells but did not affect the constitutive melanogenesis. These results indicate that human MC1 receptor expressed in mouse B16-G4F cells induces constitutive activation of the signalling pathway controlling melanogenesis, most likely by tightly coupling to Gs alpha, in a similar manner to that reported for constitutively active receptor mutants in other systems.
Non-destructive measurement of demineralization and remineralization in the occlusal pits and fissures of extracted 3<sup>rd</sup>molars with PS-OCT (2009)

Previous studies have demonstrated that Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image the remineralization of early artificial caries lesion on smooth enamel surfaces of human and bovine teeth. However, most new dental decay is found in the pits and fissures of the occlusal surfaces of posterior dentition and it is in these high risk areas where the performance of new caries imaging devices need to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that PS-OCT can be used to measure the subsequent remineralization of artificial lesions produced in the pits and fissures of extracted 3(rd) molars. A PS-OCT system operating at 1310-nm was used to acquire polarization resolved images of occlusal surfaces exposed to a demineralizing solution at pH-4.5 followed by a fluoride containing remineralizing solution at pH-7.0 containing 2-ppm fluoride. The integrated reflectivity was calculated to a depth of 200-μm in the entire lesion area using an automated image processing algorithm. Although a well-defined surface zone was clearly resolved in only a few of the samples that underwent remineralization, the PS-OCT measurements indicated a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the integrated reflectivity between the severity of the lesions that were exposed to the remineralization solution and those that were not. The lesion depth and mineral loss were also measured with polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography after sectioning the teeth. These results show that PS-OCT can be used to non-destructively monitor the remineralization potential of anti-caries agents in the important pits and fissures of the occlusal surface.
A new approach for cycle slip detection and fix using single GPS receiver’s single satellite dual frequency data containing arbitrarily large pseudorange errors (2018)

This paper presents a new cycle slip detection and repair method using Total Electron Content Rate (TECR) information derived from individual satellite dual-frequency data of a single Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver while pseudorange measurements are subject to arbitrarily large range errors. Sudden Increase of Pseudorange Error (SIPE), similar to cycle slips in nature, is quite common in various data acquisition scenarios. The basic principle of this method is to take advantage of the fact that the ionospheric TECR does not exceed certain threshold, which is set as 0.35 TECU/s in this study. Analytic expressions to evaluate the effect of SIPE on cycle slip detections have been developed. The search spaces for cycle slip candidate pairs are defined, given a predefined (sufficiently large) SIPE value. Two cycle slip validation rules are proposed to validate the cycle slip candidates. Over 99.9% of candidates can be rejected with the application of two validation rules. The theoretically maximal number of remaining cycle slip candidate pairs (NRCP) can be exactly calculated based on the magnitude of SIPE, TECR threshold, and the data sampling interval. After applying validation rules, the correct cycle slip pairs can be identified using a modified low-order polynomial fitting method. This method is tested on 13 high rate (1-Hz) dual-frequency datasets recorded by both ground-based static and satellite-borne high dynamic GPS receivers under various levels of ionospheric activities. Simulated cycle slips in 12 different possible cases and varying SIPE magnitudes are introduced into the data sets. In each test scheme, averagely 600–750 pairs of cycle slips are simulated. The SIPE magnitudes are set to vary from 50.0 m to 1000.0 m. Test results show that all the cycle slips in all the test schemes and all the datasets have been successfully detected and fixed even with a maximum SIPE of 1000.0 m in pseudoranges. A distinct advantage of this method is that it works in real-time with individual satellite’s data from a single dual-frequency receiver, even if the carrier phases have virtually any size of cycle slips and the pseudoranges have virtually arbitrarily large errors.
El Ocaso de la comunidad: Jezreel Salazar, J.M. Servín y la crónica post-Monsiváis (2014)

Este articulo estudia la cronica mexicana post-Carlos Monsivais. El articulo se enfoca en particular en dos textos. Primero, Sentido de fuga (2009) de Jezreel Salazar proporciona un retorno a una forma de la cronica relacionada a la perspectiva individual del cronista en tension con una comunidad que nunca se acaba de formar. Asimismo, D.F. Confidencial (2010) de J. M. Servin plantea una recuperacion critica del genero como expresion de bajos fondos sociales y de los legados opresivos del capitalismo. Estas cronicas parecen representar el ocaso de una comunidad politica que subyacia la idea mexicana de �transicion a la democracia.�
Multimodal Biometric Authentication in IoT: Single Camera Case Study (2016)

This paper presents an approach to multimodal biometric authentication using face and iris biometric traits. Having in mind that variety of devices, such as laptops, smartphones and tablets have a high quality camera built in, it is possible to obtain images of iris and face simultaneously. By combining geometric and photometric techniques, such as fiducial point localization and Gabor filtering, features are extracted and biometric templates are generated. Generated templates are further used to identify and authenticate the user on any device which he is allowed to use, thus replacing the standard username – password authentication scheme with a single camera shot.
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency in dopaminergic neurons induces microglial activation without neurodegeneration (2017)

Mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) are important risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro, altered GBA1 activity promotes alpha-synuclein accumulation whereas elevated levels of alpha-synuclein compromise GBA1 function, thus supporting a pathogenic mechanism in PD. However, the mechanisms by which GBA1 deficiency is linked to increased risk of PD remain elusive, partially because of lack of aged models of GBA1 deficiency. As knocking-out GBA1 in the entire brain induces massive neurodegeneration and early death, we generated a mouse model of GBA1 deficiency amenable to investigate the long-term consequences of compromised GBA1 function in dopaminergic neurons. DAT-Cre and GBA1-floxed mice were bred to obtain selective homozygous disruption of GBA1 in midbrain dopamine neurons (DAT-GBA1-KO). Mice were followed for motor function, neuronal survival, alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and glial activation. Susceptibility to nigral viral vector-mediated overexpression of mutated (A53T) alpha-synuclein was assessed. Despite loss of GBA1 and substrate accumulation, DAT-GBA1-KO mice displayed normal motor performances and preserved dopaminergic neurons despite robust microglial activation in the substantia nigra, without accumulation of endogenous alpha-synuclein with respect to wild-type mice. Lysosomal function was only marginally affected. Screening of micro-RNAs linked to the regulation of GBA1, alpha-synuclein or neuroinflammation did not reveal significant alterations. Viral-mediated overexpression of A53T-alpha-synuclein yielded similar neurodegeneration in DAT-GBA1-KO mice and wild-type mice. These results indicate that loss of GBA1 function in mouse dopaminergic neurons is not critical for alpha-synuclein accumulation or neurodegeneration and suggest the involvement of GBA1 deficiency in other cell types as a potential mechanism.
Microsphere dynamics for actin based nanorobotic motility (2004)

Actin is the principle building block of the cytoskeleton. It provides eukaryotic cells with their characteristic shape, as well as the means to produce the force required for cell motility. Similarly, actin also provides the motile force behind the movement of prokaryotic organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria's movement is achieved by hijacking the cytoskeleton proteins of the eukaryotic host through the use of its transmembrane protein, ActA, a nucleation factor which interacts with the host Arp2/3 complex, VASP, and Actin. Previous investigations with ActA have included microbead motility tests in cytoplasmic extract, and a prokaryotic over-expression system in an artificial motility media consisting of several essential actin binding proteins, (ABP's), ATP, and salt. From both of these studies, actin nucleation was observed at the bead surface interface with ActA, in the form of comet tails assembled from crosslinked microfilaments. Here we report comet tail formation using ActA coated microspheres in a motility system consisting of several key ABP's. This movement is being further characterized using a microcantilever-microsphere assembly, which we are using to measure the force output of our actin-based motility system. The ultimate objective of this research is to place the actin-based motility system into polymer vesicles and create an enclosed nanorobotic system, which produces a controllable amoeboid-like movement through an externally applied electric field.
An Online Semi-Supervised Clustering Algorithm Based on a Self-organizing Incremental Neural Network (2007)

This paper presents an online semi-supervised clustering algorithm based on a self-organizing incremental neural network (SOINN). Using labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data, the proposed semi-supervised SOINN (ssSOINN) can automatically learn the topology of input data distribution without any prior knowledge such as the number of nodes or a good network structure; it can subsequently divide the structure into sub-structures as the need arises. Experimental results we obtained for artificial data and real-world data show that the ssSOINN has superior performance for separating data distributions with high-density overlap and that ssSOINN Classifier (S3C) is an efficient classifier.
Preparation and characterization of Mo- and Sb: Mo-doped SnO<sub>2</sub>sol-gel-derived films for counter-electrode applications in electrochromic devices (1995)

Mo-doped and Mo:Sb-doped SnO2 were made via the inorganic sol-gel route from the corresponding metal chloride precursors and the films were deposited by dip-coating technique. Films with a thickness of 100–170 nm were made by single dipping and the corresponding charge capacities were in the range 6–11 mC cm–2. The films retained their high optical transparency in the reduced and oxidized state and were promising counter-electrodes in electrochromic devices with transmissive modulation. This was demonstrated by using the films as a counter-electrode in an electrochromic device employing an electrochromic phosphotungstic acid/titanium oxide xerogel film and 0.001 mol dm–3 HClO4 aqueous electrolyte.
Optical signals from neurons with internally applied voltage-sensitive dyes (1995)

We carried out experiments to monitor optically the generation and spread of action potentials and subthreshold potentials in the processes of individual neurons in ganglia of the snail, Helix aspersa. The neurons were selectively stained by intracellular pressure injection of voltage-sensitive dyes. Optical signals were detected by a system for fast, multiple-site optical monitoring, utilizing a silicon photodiode array. After testing 30 voltage-sensitive dyes using absorption, we concluded that this mode was probably not sensitive enough to allow monitoring neuronal signals from distal processes. Satisfactory signals were obtained in fluorescence measurements using a newly synthesized styryl dye, JPW1114, specifically designed for intracellular application. There was an improvement in sensitivity (as defined by the signal-to-noise ratio) by a factor of about 50 over previously reported absorption and fluorescence signals from neuronal processes stained by either intra- or extracellular application of dyes. Recordings with good signal-to-noise ratio and adequate spatial and temporal resolution were obtained simultaneously from the cell body and long axonal branches. From this data, the site of action potential initiation was determined. Also, the propagation velocity of the action potential was calculated for different axonal segments; the results suggest that different regions have different velocities ranging from 0.53 m/sec to 0.07 m/sec. The present sensitivity was adequate to allow the recording of a 10 mV hyperpolarizing electrotonic response along axonal branches and to observe directly the decline of this passive response with distance from the site of stimulation. Relatively modest improvements in sensitivity will allow systematic analyses of the spread and summation of synaptic potentials in individual neurons.
High-fidelity artifact correction for cone-beam CT imaging of the brain (2015)

CT is the frontline imaging modality for diagnosis of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), involving the detection of fresh blood in the brain (contrast of 30-50 HU, detail size down to 1 mm) in a non-contrast-enhanced exam. A dedicated point-of-care imaging system based on cone-beam CT (CBCT) could benefit early detection of TBI and improve direction to appropriate therapy. However, flat-panel detector (FPD) CBCT is challenged by artifacts that degrade contrast resolution and limit application in soft-tissue imaging. We present and evaluate a fairly comprehensive framework for artifact correction to enable soft-tissue brain imaging with FPD CBCT. The framework includes a fast Monte Carlo (MC)-based scatter estimation method complemented by corrections for detector lag, veiling glare, and beam hardening.The fast MC scatter estimation combines GPU acceleration, variance reduction, and simulation with a low number of photon histories and reduced number of projection angles (sparse MC) augmented by kernel de-noising to yield a runtime of ~4 min per scan. Scatter correction is combined with two-pass beam hardening correction. Detector lag correction is based on temporal deconvolution of the measured lag response function. The effects of detector veiling glare are reduced by deconvolution of the glare response function representing the long range tails of the detector point-spread function. The performance of the correction framework is quantified in experiments using a realistic head phantom on a testbench for FPD CBCT.Uncorrected reconstructions were non-diagnostic for soft-tissue imaging tasks in the brain. After processing with the artifact correction framework, image uniformity was substantially improved, and artifacts were reduced to a level that enabled visualization of ~3 mm simulated bleeds throughout the brain. Non-uniformity (cupping) was reduced by a factor of 5, and contrast of simulated bleeds was improved from ~7 to 49.7 HU, in good agreement with the nominal blood contrast of 50 HU. Although noise was amplified by the corrections, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of simulated bleeds was improved by nearly a factor of 3.5 (CNR = 0.54 without corrections and 1.91 after correction). The resulting image quality motivates further development and translation of the FPD-CBCT system for imaging of acute TBI.