gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[On the antimicrobial activity of propolis and propolis constituents (author's transl)]. (1979)

After a survey of the literature on the antimicrobial activity of the bee product propolis, the authors discuss their own findings as compared to the chemotherapeutical agents streptomycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, nystatin, griseofulvin and sulphamerazine. According to the results obtained by testing 25 isolated constituents on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the antimicrobial properties of this mixture of natural substances are mainly attributable to the flavonoids pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin, pinobanksin-3-acetate as well as to the p-coumaric acid benzyl ester and a caffeic acid ester mixture. None of the isolated substances was as potent as the antibiotics tested for the purpose of comparison. The relatively good antimycetic activity of the 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone pinocembrin seems noteworthy. Finally, possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of the flavonoids are discussed.
The game-theoretic interaction index on social networks with applications to link prediction and community detection (2015)

Measuring similarity between nodes has been an issue of extensive research in the social network analysis literature. In this paper, we construct a new measure of similarity between nodes based on the game-theoretic interaction index (Grabisch and Roubens, 1997). Despite the fact that, in general, this index is computationally challenging, we show that in our network application it can be computed in polynomial time. We test our measure on two important problems, namely link prediction and community detection, given several real-life networks. We show that, for the majority of those networks, our measure outperforms other local similarity measures from the literature.
NMR and chemistry : an introduction to the Fourier transform-multinuclear era (1983)

1 The theory of nuclear magnetization.- 2 The magnetic field at the nucleus.- 3 Internuclear spin-spin coupling.- 4 Nuclear magnetic relaxation and related phenomena.- 5 Modern spectrometer systems.- 6 The sample.- 7 Multiple resonance experiments.- 8 Some new and exciting techniques in NMR.- 9 Some examples of the use of NMR in chemistry.- Further exercises.- Answers.
Can AI Help Reduce Disparities in General Medical and Mental Health Care? (2019)

This analysis can provide a framework for assessing and identifying disparate impacts of artificial intelligence in health care.
Design and use of microphone directional arrays for aeroacoustic measurements (1998)

An overview of the development of two microphone directional arrays for aeroacoustic testing is presented. These arrays were specifically developed to measure airframe noise in the NASA Langley Quiet Flow Facility. A large aperture directional array using 35 flush-mounted microphones was constructed to obtain high resolution noise localization maps around airframe models. This array possesses a maximum diagonal aperture size of 34 inches. A unique logarithmic spiral layout design was chosen for the targeted frequency range of 2-30 kHz. Complementing the large array is a small aperture directional array, constructed to obtain spectra and directivity information from regions on the model. This array, possessing 33 microphones with a maximum diagonal aperture size of 7.76 inches, is easily moved about the model in elevation and azimuth. Custom microphone shading algorithms have been developed to provide a frequency- and position-invariant sensing area from 10-40 kHz with an overall targeted frequency range for the array of 5-60 kHz. Both arrays are employed in acoustic measurements of a 6 percent of full scale airframe model consisting of a main element NACA 632-215 wing section with a 30 percent chord half-span flap. Representative data obtained from these measurements is presented, along with details of the array calibration and data post-processing procedures.
Practical Handbook of Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring (2005)

Regulatory Mandates for Ground-Water Monitoring, K.S. Makeig and D.M. Nielsen New! Environmental Site Characterization, D.M. Nielsen, G.L. Nielsen, and L.M. Preslo Monitoring and Sampling the Vadose Zone, T. Ballestero, B. Herzog, and G. Thompson Remote Sensing and Geophysical Methods for Evaluation of Subsurface Conditions, R.C. Benson Environmental Drilling for Soil Sampling, Rock Coring, Borehole Logging, and Monitoring Well Installation, T. Ruda and J. Farrar New! Use of Direct-Push Technologies in Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring, W. McCall, D.M. Nielsen, S.P. Farrington, and T.M. Christy New! DNAPL Characterization Methods and Approaches: Performance and Cost Comparisons, M.L. Kram Ground-Water Monitoring System Design, M.N. Sara New! Designing Monitoring Programs to Effectively Evaluate the Performance of Natural Attenuation, T.H. Wiedemeier, M.J. Barden, P.E. Haas, and W.Z. Dickson Significantly Expanded! Design and Installation of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells, D.M. Nielsen and R. Schalla New! Multilevel Ground-Water Monitoring, M. Einarson Monitoring Well Post-Installation Considerations, C.A. Kraemer, J.A. Shultz, and J.W. Ashley Acquisition and Interpretation of Water-Level Data, M.G. Dalton, B.E. Huntsman, and K. Bradbury Methods and Procedures for Defining Aquifer Parameters, J. Sevee Significantly Expanded! Ground-Water Sampling, D.M. Nielsen and G.L. Nielsen Ground-Water Sample Analysis, R.J. Vitale and O.C. Braids Organization and Analysis of Ground-Water Quality Data, M.N. Sara and R. Gibbons New! Diagnosis of Ground-Water Monitoring Problems, C.T. Kufs Health and Safety Considerations in Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring Investigations, S.P. Maslansky and C.J. Maslansky Decontamination of Field Equipment Used in Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring Projects, G.L. Nielsen
New scaffold for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (2004)

A bioactive and resorbable scaffold is necessary to exhibit the osteoinductive potency of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). In a previous study, we found that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) enhances bone regeneration and is replaced by newly formed bone after it is resorbed. We hypothesized that OCP may be useful as an effective scaffold for rhBMP-2 to enhance bone regeneration. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate whether an OCP/BMP composite implant could more effectively enhance bone regeneration. A critical-sized defect was made in a rat calvarium and 1. 15 mg of OCP combined with 10 microg of rhBMP-2 (OCP/BMP 10 microg), 2. 15 mg of OCP combined with 1 microg of rhBMP-2 (OCP/BMP 1 microg), or 3. OCP (OCP alone) was implanted into the defect and fixed at 4 or 8 weeks after implantation. The percentage of newly formed bone (n-Bone%) in the defect was determined by a histomorphometrical analysis. A statistical analysis showed that n-Bone% with OCP/BMP was significantly higher than that with OCP at both time points, whereas the difference in n-Bone% between OCP/BMP 10 microg and OCP/BMP 1 microg was not significant. The present results suggest that OCP can be used as an effective scaffold for rhBMP-2 and this OCP delivery system may be able to reduce the standard effective dose of rhBMP-2, which would be beneficial because low doses (<100 microg/g OCP) of rhBMP-2 enhance bone regeneration.
Intracellular trafficking and secretion of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in neurosecretory cells (2011)

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a novel evolutionary conserved protein which can protect and restore the function of dopaminergic neurons in the rat model of Parkinson's disease, suggesting that CDNF might be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. CDNF is widely expressed in neurons in several brain regions including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, striatum and cerebellum. Human CDNF is glycosylated and secreted from transiently transfected cells; however, the mechanism underlying CDNF secretion is currently unclear. In this study, we found that CDNF could be secreted primarily via the regulated secretion pathway in PC12 cells. The glycosylation of CDNF is not required for its secretion. Moreover, we identified two key subdomains in CDNF which are important for its intracellular localization and secretion. Disrupting helix-1 of CDNF significantly reduces its constitutive and regulated secretion and the helix-1 mutant is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although helix-7 mutation only decreases CDNF regulated secretion and has no effect on its constitutive secretion, which is further supported by the reduction in co-localization of helix-7 mutant with secretory granules. In all, these findings will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CDNF trafficking and secretion.
Causes and Correction of Presbyopia: A Review (2002)

Presbyopia is the progressive inability of the eyes lens to change shape and focus clearly on near objects.This review gives a comprehensive overview of the symptoms, influencing factors in the progression of presbyopia, age-related changes of the eye, optical correction and surgical approaches to presbyopia.The age-related changes of the lens, the capsule, the ciliary muscle and the vitreous are well examined; however, a distinction whether those changes are a cause or a consequence of presbyopia cannot be made.The optical correction of presbyopia reaches from monovision, bifocals, trifocals to progressive lenses and contact lenses.Approaches to surgical techniques for correcting presbyopia include scleral expansion bands, radial sclerotomy, anterior ciliary sclerotomy, polymer injectable lenses, photodisruptive laser and accommodative IOLs.Milestone innovations can only be expected in the surgical field as the optical correction of presbyopia using spectacles and contact lenses has already reached extremely high quality levels and is limited by optical laws.
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography with new MEMS mirror (2003)

A micromachined mirror to enhance the transverse scanning performance of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT) is presented. The scanning angle of the mirror can be up to 37°. The EOCT can image an area to 4.2×2.8 mm2 at 5 frames/s. The results demonstrate its potential for in vivo imaging diagnosis.
Missing links in water pollution control: The case of combined sewer overflows in upper Narragansett Bay (1985)

Combined sewer overflows have been a major problem in the upper portion of Narragansett Bay, causing Rhode Island officials to close the productive shellfish beds from harvesting after .5 inch rainfalls. Federal pollution control policy since 1972 has emphasized implementation of uniform discharge limits rather than solving site specific problems. Several studies of the Rhode Island overflow problem have still not produced a clear abatement policy due to the failure to place individual overflow discharges into a broader pollution control framework which convincingly links specific sources of overflows to the contamination of the shellfish beds.
The moderating effect of social capital on the relationship of performance improvement practices and organizational performance (2017)

In this study the moderating effect of social capital on the relationship of performance improvement practices and organizational performance has been undertaken in Meezan bank Ltd. Data was collected from Islamabad & Rawalpindi area branches. An adapted questionnaire was distributed. Distribution of 150 questionnaires to the managerial and non-managerial grade officers of Meezan Bank was done, of which 110 valid questionnaires were received. Regression analysis gave positive and statistically significant results of the moderating variable social capital on organizational performance with the independent variable performance improvement practices. This study is helpful to the management of the organization to utilize such practices which result in better performance.
The Structured Programming Aid: An Interactive Fortran Program Generator (1983)

The Structured Programming Aid (SPA) is an interactive program generator that allows the user to apply structured programming concepts in the production of Fortran programs that will run `first time'.Originally written by Antonio Rodrigues of Birmingham University for an I.C.L. 1906A mainframe machine, the Structured Programming Aid has now been successfully implemented on an Altos 64k microcomputer, using the CP/M system and twin 8-inch floppy disk drives.A description of the Structured Programming Aid is given, together with the rules for coding in SPA, and example listings.
ChemInform Abstract: Compensation Phenomena in Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Principles and a Possible Explanation (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the beck depression inventory?second edition in a sample of college students (2004)

We examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) [Beck et al., 1996, San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation]. Four hundred fourteen undergraduate students at two public universities participated. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the BDI-II two-factor structure measuring cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms. In addition, the internal consistency was high and the concurrent validity of the BDI-II was supported by positive correlations with self-report measures of depression and anxiety. These findings replicate prior research supporting the validity and reliability of the BDI-II in a college sample.
Providing Access to a Data Library: SQL and Full-Text IR Methods of Automatically Generating Web Structure (1994)

Social Science research in universities has traditionally been supported by a central data archive, holding both the raw data (e.g. the U.S. census) and the wide variety of support materials necessary to identify, understand and manipulate the raw data. Columbia University's Electronic Data Service (EDS) has built an online system using World-Wide-Web technology to offer these support materials, and ultimately the raw data itself, to our research community. We describe our historical motivations, our data format difficulties, our filing systems and our scalable technology solution. Our emphasis is on a new set of software, inter-connected by Web protocols, which is easy to use and is self-maintaining.
Ganglioside GM1 enzyme-linked immunospot assay for simple identification of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (1983)

A new method has been developed for demonstration of heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli. This method is based upon the release of LT from bacteria grown directly onto agar plates which have been coated with ganglioside GM1. Toxin bound to the GM1 solid state is subsequently demonstrated by means of a three-step immunoenzymatic procedure in which enzyme-substrate reactions are visualized as dark spots in agarose. When analyzing LT production from 105 E. coli strains, results obtained by this procedure (GM1-ELISPOT) correlated well with those of the GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA); in no instance were any false-positive reactions observed when highly specific monoclonal antibodies against LT were used. Easy to perform, the GM1-ELISPOT allows demonstration of LT within 24 h after inoculation of the plates, and large numbers of specimens can be screened at the same time without the need of any special equipment. Thus, this new method should meet the requirements of any diagnostic laboratory.
Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Activity in Cultured Skeletal Muscle Cells From Subjects With Type II Diabetes: Role of Chronic Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia (1997)

Human skeletal muscle cultures (HSMCs) from type II diabetic subjects were used to determine whether metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia contribute to the defective muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity present in this disorder. Following approximately 6 weeks of growth, diabetic cultures were fused for 4 days in normal, hyperglycemia, or hyperinsulinemia medium. Fusion of diabetic HSMCs in hyperglycemia medium (20 mmol/l vs. 5.5 mmol/l) had no effect on GS fractional velocity (FV) or mRNA levels, but impaired acute insulin-stimulation of glycogen synthesis and GS activity at 0.1 mmol/l glucose-6-phosphate, and reduced GS protein content by approximately 15% (P < 0.05). Fusion of diabetic muscle cultures in hyperinsulinemia medium (30 micromol/l vs. 22 pmol/l) improved basal GS activity, increasing the reduced GS FV by approximately 50% (P < 0.05), and decreasing the elevated Km(0.1) (half-maximal substrate concentration) by approximately 47% (P < 0.05). Hyperinsulinemia also significantly increased (P < 0.05) the reduced GS mRNA and protein levels of diabetic muscle to levels similar to that in nondiabetic subjects. In contrast to the improvements in the basal state, hyperinsulinemia completely abolished acute insulin responsiveness of GS activity and glycogen synthesis in muscle of type II diabetic subjects. The combination of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia produced effects on both basal and insulin-responsive GS FV and mRNA similar to hyperinsulinemia alone, but hyperinsulinemia prevented hyperglycemia's effect of lowering GS protein and glycogen synthesis. We concluded that, in diabetic muscle, hyperinsulinemia may serve to partially compensate for the impaired basal GS activity and for the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on GS protein content, activity, and glycogen formation by both pre- and posttranslational mechanisms. Despite these beneficial effects, hyperinsulinemia also induces severe impairment of insulin-stimulated GS activity and glycogen formation, which may contribute to acquired muscle insulin resistance of type II diabetes.
Whispering gallery mode based on-chip glass microbubble resonator for thermal sensing (2017)

This paper reports the first experimental observations of whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonance in on-chip glass microbubble structures. Using microfabrication methods, chip-scale glass microbubbles with ultra-smooth surface and sub-micrometer wall thickness are shown to support optical resonance modes with ultra-high Q-factors of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . The resonance is highly sensitive to temperature, with measured sensitivity of -1.8 GHz/°C. Based upon the signal to noise performance, this corresponds to a temperature resolution of 55 μK.
Hydroxylamines as Oxidation Catalysts:  Thermochemical and Kinetic Studies (2003)

Bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of hydroxylamines containing alkyl, aryl, vinyl, and carbonyl substituents at the nitrogen atom have been determined by using the EPR radical equilibration technique in order to study the effect of the substituents on the O-H bond strength of these compounds. It has been found that substitution of an alkyl group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom with vinyl or aryl groups has a small effect, while substitution with acyl groups induces a large increase of the O-H BDE value. Thus, dialkyl hydroxylamines have O-H bond strengths of only ca. 70 kcal/mol, while acylhydroxylamines and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), containing two acyl substituents at nitrogen, are characterized by BDE values of ca. 80 and 88 kcal/mol, respectively. Since the phthalimide N-oxyl radical (PINO) has been recently proposed as an efficient oxidation catalyst of hydrocarbons or other substrates, the large BDE value found for the parent hydroxylamine (NHPI) justifies this proposal. Kinetic studies, carried out in order to better understand the mechanism of the NHPI-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of cumene, are consistent with a simple kinetic model where the rate-determining step is the hydrogen atom abstraction from the hydroxylamine by cumylperoxyl radicals.
Comparison of three‐dimensional imaging properties between two‐photon and single‐photon fluorescence microscopy (1995)

SUMMARY The imaging performance in single‐photon (1‐p) and two‐photon (2‐p) fluorescence microscopy is described. Both confocal and conventional systems are compared in terms of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) point spread function and the 3‐D optical transfer function. Images of fluorescent sharp edges and layers are modelled, giving resolution in transverse and axial directions. A comparison of the imaging properties is also given for a 4Pi confocal system. Confocal 2‐p 4Pi fluorescence microscopy gives the best axial resolution in the sense that its 3‐D optical transfer function has the strongest response along the axial direction.
An Overview: South Pacific Disaster Reduction Programme (1995)

The South Pacific Disaster Reduction Programme (SPDRP) is helping Pacific Island Countries to mitigate effects of natural disasters by developing human resources and institutional capacity to reduce their impact. The project activities implemented by the SRDRP project team includes providing training and technical advice to government departments and non-government organisations on developing revising disaster plans and helping in development and implementation of national disaster mitigation and preparedness programmes.
An Efficient Program for Many-Body Simulation (1985)

The simulation of N particles interacting in a gravitational force field is useful in astrophysics, but such simulations become costly for large N. Representing the universe as a tree structure with the particles at the leaves and internal nodes labeled with the centers of mass of their descendants allows several simultaneous attacks on the computation time required by the problem. These approaches range from algorithmic changes (replacing an $O(N^2 )$ algorithm with an algorithm whose time-complexity is believed to be $O(N\log N)$) to data structure modifications, code-tuning, and hardware modifications. The changes reduced the running time of a large problem $(N = 10,000)$ by a factor of four hundred. This paper describes both the particular program and the methodology underlying such speedups.
Training connectionist models for the structured language model (2003)

We investigate the performance of the Structured Language Model (SLM) in terms of perplexity (PPL) when its components are modeled by connectionist models. The connectionist models use a distributed representation of the items in the history and make much better use of contexts than currently used interpolated or back-off models, not only because of the inherent capability of the connectionist model in fighting the data sparseness problem, but also because of the sublinear growth in the model size when the context length is increased. The connectionist models can be further trained by an EM procedure, similar to the previously used procedure for training the SLM. Our experiments show that the connectionist models can significantly improve the PPL over the interpolated and back-off models on the UPENN Treebank corpora, after interpolating with a baseline trigram language model. The EM training procedure can improve the connectionist models further, by using hidden events obtained by the SLM parser.