gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Device (2007)

A novel technique for radio frequency identification devices (RFID) based on remote measurement of complex impedance at microwave frequencies is presented. The low cost read-only tags do not need semiconductor elements and can be implemented by printing a conducting pattern on a low cost dielectric substrate. Multiple tags are simultaneously illuminated by a chirped microwave signal with a bandwidth of few hundred MHz to few GHz. The composite backscatter from all tags is mixed with the transmitted chirp signal and filtered to generate an intermediate frequency (IF). The IF is further processed with a narrow detection bandwidth to select a particular tag. Next, the phase-frequency profile of the reflection coefficient (complex impedance) of the selected tag is recovered with the help of a reference channel. Phase-frequency signatures of individual tags determine the tag identity. The technique allows operation with low transmit power, provides range information and mitigates against multi-path propagation and interference.
Overproduction of Type 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Augments<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Virulence (2002)

Type 8 capsular polysaccharide (CP8) is the most prevalent capsule type in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. However, its role in virulence has not been clearly defined. CP8 strains such as strain Becker produce a small amount of capsule on their surface in vitro. In contrast, CP1 strains such as strain M produce a large amount of capsule, which has been shown to be an important antiphagocytic virulence factor. The cap8 and cap1 operons, required for the synthesis of CP8 and CP1, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. To test whether CP8 contributes to the pathogenesis of S. aureus, we replaced the weak native promoter of the cap8 operon in strain Becker with the strong constitutive promoter of the cap1 operon of strain M. The resultant strain, CYL770, synthesized cap8-specific mRNA at a level about sevenfold higher than that in the parent strain. Remarkably, the CYL770 strain produced about 80-fold more CP8. In a mouse infection model of bacteremia, the CP8-overproducing strain persisted longer in the bloodstream, the liver, and the spleen in mice than the parent strain. In addition, strain CYL770 was more resistant to ospsonophagocytosis in vitro by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These results indicate that CP8 is an antiphagocytic virulence factor of S. aureus.
A Tunable Microwave-Photonic Notch Filter Fabricated in CMOS Silicon (2008)

We present a fully-tunable multi-stage narrowband (625 MHz) optical notch filter that is fabricated in a silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor foundry. Using this device, a method to cancel undesired bands (910 MHz) in microwave-photonic systems is demonstrated.
<title>Image analysis using threshold reduction</title> (1991)

A class of shift-variant reduction operations is introduced, that is useful for performing efficient and controllable shape and texture transformations between resolution levels. In their most general form, the operations proceed in three steps: (a) convolve a binary image with a kernel of arbitrary size; (b) threshold the result; (c) subsample to produce the reduced image. Taking a binary structuring element for the kernel, the threshold convolution on a binary image is equivalent to a rank order filter, and the full reduction operation is a threshold reduction. Threshold reductions that use convolution filters and subsample tiles of equal size are optimized by combining the three operations, using only logical raster operations and producing threshold convolution values only at the sampling points. For 2x reduction, the four possible threshold values (1, 2, 3, and 4) refer to the minimum number of ON pixels within each 2x2 tile for which a pixel in the reduced image will be ON. Algorithms for boolean raster operations are given for 2x, 3x, and 4x threshold reduction, and lookup tables that efficiently implement column raster operations are provided. Threshold reduction rates of 2.5x10<sup>7</sup> pixel/second can be achieved with a Sun SparcStation2<sup>TM</sup> . A maskforming image analysis cycle of threshold reduction, augmented by morphology and followed by replicative expansion to full resolution, is described, and some general properties of the cycle are derived. A simple application of threshold reduction to document image analysis, the extraction of halftone regions from scanned images that also contain text and line graphics, is illustrated. A sequence of 2x reductions with first low and then high thresholds is used to create a reduced image consisting of a mask over the halftone regions. In this way, the extraction occurs as a natural consequence of the reductions.
Interference mitigation via successive cancellation in heterogeneous networks (2011)

In this paper, we present practical interference management schemes in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) based on interference decoding and cancellation at the receivers. The underlying idea is based on Han-Kobayashi type message splitting (MS) technique [3]. We develop relatively low-complexity precoders that facilitate interference mitigation and maximize sum-throughput in the network. System-level simulation results for a general HetNet system are presented. It is shown that the proposed MS design along with interference coordination among the cells provides up to 57% cell average throughput gain compared with the rank-1 coordinated beamforming (CBF) scheme. The design also provides substantial throughput gain in particular for Macro cells compared with rank-adaptive CBF transmission.
Catalytic Multi-Stage Liquefaction of Coal. Second quarterly report, 1 January 1993--31 March 1993 (1993)

This quarterly report covers activities of Catalytic Multi-Stage Liquefaction of Coal during the period January 1--March 31, 1993, at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. in Lawrenceville and Princeton, New Jersey. This DOE contract period is from December 8, 1992 to December 7, 1994. The overall objective of the program is to produce liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. Specifically, this continuous bench-scale program contains provisions to examine new ideas in areas such as: low temperature pretreatments, more effective catalysts, on-line hydrotreating, new coal feedstocks, other hydrogen sources, more concentrated coal feeds and other highly responsive process improvements while assessing the design and economics of bench-scale results. The quarterly report covers work on Laboratory Scale Studies, Continuous Bench-Scale Operations, Technical Assessment and Project Management.
AirSync: Enabling Distributed Multiuser MIMO With Full Spatial Multiplexing (2013)

The enormous success of advanced wireless devices is pushing the demand for higher wireless data rates. Denser spectrum reuse through the deployment of more access points (APs) per square mile has the potential to successfully meet such demand. In principle, distributed multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) provides the best approach to infrastructure density increase since several access points are connected to a central server and operate as a large distributed multiantenna access point. This ensures that all transmitted signal power serves the purpose of data transmission, rather than creating interference. In practice, however, a number of implementation difficulties must be addressed, the most significant of which is aligning the phases of all jointly coordinated APs. In this paper, we propose AirSync, a novel scheme that provides timing and phase synchronization accurate enough to enable distributed MU-MIMO. AirSync detects the slot boundary such that all APs are time-synchronous within a cyclic prefix (CP) of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and predicts the instantaneous carrier phase correction along the transmit slot such that all transmitters maintain their coherence, which is necessary for multiuser beamforming. We have implemented AirSync as a digital circuit in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) of the WARP radio platform. Our experimental testbed, comprising four APs and four clients, shows that AirSync is able to achieve timing synchronization within the OFDM CP and carrier phase coherence within a few degrees. For the purpose of demonstration, we have implemented two MU-MIMO precoding schemes, Zero-Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) and Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP). In both cases, our system approaches the theoretical optimal multiplexing gains. We also discuss aspects related to the MAC and multiuser scheduling design, in relation to the distributed MU-MIMO architecture. To the best of our knowledge, AirSync offers the first realization of the full distributed MU-MIMO multiplexing gain, namely the ability to increase the number of active wireless clients per time-frequency slot linearly with the number of jointly coordinated APs, without reducing the per client rate.
Throughput-Centric Rate Adaptation in Wireless Networks (2013)

Designing a rate adaptation algorithm that performs well in diverse settings is challenging due to the complex physicallayer effects of wireless links, including interference, attenuation, and multi-path fading.We present Throughput Enabled Rate Adaptation (TERA), a new approach to rate adaptation that accounts for interference and congestion effects implicitly but is based solely on measurements of the throughput attained at different data rates.TERA is surprisingly simple and compatible with existing 802.11 implementations.Extensive simulations and real-world experiments are used to show that TERA consistently outperforms all prior rate adaptation schemes used to date.
Low-Impedance VHF and UHF Capacitive Silicon Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators—Part I: Concept and Fabrication (2007)

This paper presents high-performance high-frequency single-crystal silicon (SCS) capacitive resonators. Long and thick bulk-micromachined resonating block structures, which are referred to as ldquosilicon bulk acoustic wave resonatorrdquo (SiBAR), are fabricated using the high-aspect-ratio poly and single crystalline siliconrdquo (HARPSS) fabrication process on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Such resonators operate in their horizontal width extensional modes with quality factors in the range of 10000-100000. With their comparatively large electrode area and deep-submicrometer capacitive transduction gaps, such resonators have demonstrated comparatively low impedances for capacitive resonators that are well within the desired range for high-frequency electronic applications. Sub-kilo-Ohm total electrical resistances and extracted motional resistance as low as 200 are demonstrated for the fundamental width extensional modes of SiBARs in the very-high-frequency range. Resonant frequencies up to 1.55 GHz are demonstrated for the higher resonance modes of the capacitive SiBARs with comparatively low impedances. Part I of this paper presents the basic operation concepts and fabrication methodology for the HARPSS-on-SOI SiBARs. Extensive resonator measurement data, including temperature characteristics, are presented in Part II of this paper, and different frequency tuning approaches for temperature compensation of such resonators are discussed and investigated.
Properties and applications of photonic crystal fibres (2002)

Summary form only given. The enhanced optical response of two-dimensionally microstructured silica has enabled the development of a range of new optical waveguides-photonic crystal fibres. We describe some of the waveguiding characteristics and applications of these structures.
A parallel, incremental, mostly concurrent garbage collector for servers (2005)

Multithreaded applications with multigigabyte heaps running on modern servers provide new challenges for garbage collection (GC). The challenges for “server-oriented” GC include: ensuring short pause times on a multigigabyte heap while minimizing throughput penalty, good scaling on multiprocessor hardware, and keeping the number of expensive multicycle fence instructions required by weak ordering to a minimum.We designed and implemented a collector facing these demands building on the mostly concurrent garbage collector proposed by Boehm et al. [1991]. Our collector incorporates new ideas into the original collector. We make it parallel and incremental; we employ concurrent low-priority background GC threads to take advantage of processor idle time; we propose novel algorithmic improvements to the basic mostly concurrent algorithm improving its efficiency and shortening its pause times; and finally, we use advanced techniques, such as a low-overhead work packet mechanism to enable full parallelism among the incremental and concurrent collecting threads and ensure load balancing.We compared the new collector to the mature, well-optimized, parallel, stop-the-world mark-sweep collector already in the IBM JVM. When allowed to run aggressively, using 72% of the CPU utilization during a short concurrent phase, our collector prototype reduces the maximum pause time from 161 ms to 46 ms while only losing 11.5% throughput when running the SPECjbb2000 benchmark on a 600-MB heap on an 8-way PowerPC 1.1-GHz processors. When the collector is limited to a nonintrusive operation using only 29% of the CPU utilization, the maximum pause time obtained is 79 ms and the loss in throughput is 15.4%.
A Concise Semi-Synthetic Approach to Betulinic Acid from Betulin (1997)

Abstract Betulin was convert to betulinic acid using two different synthetic routes. The first approach involved an oxidation of betulin using Jones' reagent to betulonic acid and subsequent NaBH4 reduction to betulinic acid. The second approach involved steps utilizing different protecting groups on the alcohol functional groups of betulin and Jones' oxidation to circumvent the isomerization of the secondary alcohol of betulinic acid.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Lipins, PDAT1 Acyltransferase, and SDP1 Triacylglycerol Lipase Synergistically Direct Fatty Acids toward β-Oxidation, Thereby Maintaining Membrane Lipid Homeostasis (2014)

Triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is a key aspect of intracellular lipid homeostasis in yeast and mammals, but its role in vegetative tissues of plants remains poorly defined. We previously reported that PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is crucial for diverting fatty acids (FAs) from membrane lipid synthesis to TAG and thereby protecting against FA-induced cell death in leaves. Here, we show that overexpression of PDAT1 enhances the turnover of FAs in leaf lipids. Using the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1-1 (tgd1-1) mutant, which displays substantially enhanced PDAT1-mediated TAG synthesis, we demonstrate that disruption of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) TAG lipase or PEROXISOMAL TRANSPORTER1 (PXA1) severely decreases FA turnover, leading to increases in leaf TAG accumulation, to 9% of dry weight, and in total leaf lipid, by 3-fold. The membrane lipid composition of tgd1-1 sdp1-4 and tgd1-1 pxa1-2 double mutants is altered, and their growth and development are compromised. We also show that two Arabidopsis thaliana lipin homologs provide most of the diacylglycerol for TAG synthesis and that loss of their functions markedly reduces TAG content, but with only minor impact on eukaryotic galactolipid synthesis. Collectively, these results show that Arabidopsis lipins, along with PDAT1 and SDP1, function synergistically in directing FAs toward peroxisomal β-oxidation via TAG intermediates, thereby maintaining membrane lipid homeostasis in leaves.
The new sepsis marker, sCD14-ST, induction mechanism in the rabbit sepsis models (2010)

In 2002, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign defi ned a strategy that aimed to reduce the high mortality due to sepsis. One point of this strategy was a recommendation to recognize that sepsis is a frequent cause of death and high economic costs in the pediatric intensive care unit. Knowledge of the disease is the fi rst step to impact it. There are few studies on pediatric sepsis epidemiology in the world and none in Colombia. Hypothesis The epidemiological features of Colombian children are diff erent from other countries. Methods We constructed a website where 14 intensive care units across the country reported in a prospective way the epidemiological features of children with sepsis using an electronic process [1]. We asked for sociodemographics, microbiological data, sepsis classifi cation, complications, and outcome.
Fracture-induced Sonic Anisotropy Characterization Using a Combination of Borehole Image and Sonic Logs (2007)

We develop a methodology to model and interpret borehole dipole sonic anisotropy related to the effect of geological fractures using a forward modeling approach. We use a classical excess-compliance fracture model that relies on the orientation of the individual fractures, the compliances of the fractures, and the compliances of the host rock. We extract the orientation of individual fractures from borehole image log analysis. We validate the model using borehole resistivity image and sonic logs in a gas-sand reservoir over a 160-ft vertical interval of a well. We observe significant amounts of sonic anisotropy and numerous quasi-vertical fractures. We show that using just two adjustable fracture compliance parameters, one for natural fractures and one for drilling-induced fractures, is an excellent first-order approximation to explain the fracture-induced anisotropy response. We assumed equal normal and tangential compliances. Predicted fast-shear azimuth matches measured fast-shear azimuth over 130 ft. Predicted slowness anisotropy matches the overall variation and measured values of anisotropy for two anisotropy zones. The medium is mostly a horizontal transverse isotropic medium (HTI). We also show that the measured sonic anisotropy is caused by the combination of stress and fracture effects.
International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2009)

Recently, many new drugs have been developed for the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). To optimize the treatment according to the prognosis and to facilitate the comparison of trials, we developed an International Prognostic Scoring System for WM in a series of 587 patients with clearly defined criteria for diagnosis and for initiation of treatment. The median survival after treatment initiation was 87 months. Five adverse covariates were identified: advanced age (>65 years), hemoglobin less than or equal to 11.5 g/dL, platelet count less than or equal to 100 x 10(9)/L, beta2-microglobulin more than 3 mg/L, and serum monoclonal protein concentration more than 7.0 g/dL. Low-risk patients (27%) presented with no or 1 of the adverse characteristics and advanced age, intermediate-risk patients (38%) with 2 adverse characteristics or only advanced age, and high-risk patients (35%) with more than 2 adverse characteristics. Five-year survival rates were 87%, 68%, and 36%, respectively (P < .001). The ISSWM retained its prognostic significance in subgroups defined by age, treatment with alkylating agent, and purine analog. Thus, the ISSWM may provide a means to design risk-adapted studies. However, independent validation and new biologic markers may enhance its significance.
A novel approach to alginate aerogels: carbon dioxide induced gelation (2014)

A novel process, carbon dioxide induced gelation, opens new pathways towards hydrogels and can be coupled with supercritical drying to produce aerogels.
ESEM Hot Stage Evaluation of Sol-Gel Insulation Coatings for High Field HTS Magnets. (1997)

Abstract High temperature, thin ceramic insulation coatings are necessary for the application of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in high field magnet technology. Especially in the so called “wind and react” technology, insulation coatings have to withstand the final heat treatment at about 900°C, otherwise turn to turn insulation will be broken. We have developed a sol-gel coating method for HTS tape conductors at NHMFL. Excellent adhesion at the interface due to the significant interfacial reactions, indicates that this sol-gel route is a feasible method for applying zirconia coatings. Sol-gel technology is a low temperature chemical route of preparing inorganic material. The stability and the coating characteristics of a organozirconium compound have been investigated to coat ZrO2 films on silver sheathed HTS tape conductors. This method was used to coat stainless steel with ZrO2. The ZrO2 coatings were obtained by dipping the silver sheathed HTS tape in a solution of zirconiumtetrabutoxide, isopropanol and acetylacetone.
Polarized 3D (2015)

Coarse depth maps can be enhanced by using the shape information from polarization cues. We propose a fusion of polarization and depth, a synergistic technique to exploit the high lateral resolution and compensate for the low depth resolution of traditional sensors. Although the fusion of depth and photometric normals is not new, existing frameworks cannot handle the unique challenge of fusing normals from polarization. Specific challenges we address include azimuthal ambiguity, refractive distortion, fronto-parallel surfaces, and depth discontinuities. In this project we validate our algorithmic framework for depth enhancement through a low-cost prototype that compares favorably with other depth sensors.
PORTABLE MULTI-COLOR FLUORESCENT DETECTION FOR POINT-OF-CARE (2011)

This work describes a portable multi-color fluorescence detection system based on a CMOS image sensor and polarization signal isolation. Taking advantage of the wavelength independent nature of the cross-polarization scheme, microparticles with different emission can be excited and detected simultaneously. By changing excitation light polarization the detection can be switched between bright and dark field. The high spatial resolution (~3µm) and contrast lead to the accuracy of ~98% in particle counting and ~97% in size measurement. The spectral resolution provides additional means to distinguish fluorescently labeled particles even of the same size.
Polymers as Osmotic Agents for Peritoneal Dialysis (1984)

A sustained ultrafiltration during long-dwell peritoneal dialysis exchanges cannot be obtained with rapidly absorbable small molecular weight osmotic agents. Slowly absorbable synthetic poly ions tested on rats and rabbits yielded high and sustained ultrafiltration, but were toxic. Gelatin solutions were not toxic in acute rat studies and produced sustained ultrafiltration but were difficult to work with because of gelation. A review of the literature on the properties of gelatin derivatives, used as plasma substitutes, led us to believe that they may be also useful as osmotic agents in the peritoneal dialysis solutions. In the peritoneal dialysis system, hydrostatic pressure in the blood compartment cannot be readily manipulated. Therefore, traditionally a solute (osmotic agent) is added to the peritoneal dialysis solution to create an osmotic driving force. During the process of ultrafiltration (Figure I), the rate of ultrafiltration decreases with time due to dilution by ultrafiltrate and absorption of the osmotic agent. Thus, ultrafiltration will eventually cease after the dialysis solution is infused. The bigger the molecule of the osmotic agent, the longer ultrafiltration lasts because solute absorption through the peritoneal membrane is slower. Thus, to achieve sustained ultrafiltration, an osmotic agent with a bigger molecule would be more advantageous than the smaller one at comparable osmotic gradients.