gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode Adaptive Droop Control With Virtual Output Impedances for an Inverter-Based Flexible AC Microgrid (2010)

A decentralized power control method in a single-phase flexible ac microgrid is proposed in this paper. Droop control is widely considered to be a good choice for managing the power flows between microgrid converters in a decentralized manner. In this work, to enhance the power loop dynamics, droop control combined with a derivative controller is used in islanded mode. In grid-connected mode, to strictly control the power factor in the point of common coupling (PCC), a droop method combined with an integral controller is adopted. Small-signal analysis of the proposed control is shown both in islanded and grid-connected mode. The proposed control scheme does not need any mode switching action. Thus, it is relatively simple in control for full mode of operation. Smooth transitions between the operation modes and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are evaluated through simulation and experimental results.
Thermal and rheological properties of carbon nanotube-in-oil dispersions (2006)

Prior work on asymmetric thermally conducting nanoparticle dispersions has shown that it is possible to raise the thermal conductivity of low thermal conductivity liquids at modest volume fractions of nanoparticles. Stable and reproducible nanotube dispersions require careful control of the dispersant chemistry as well as an understanding of their response to input energy. This paper addresses the effects of dispersant concentration, dispersing energy, and nanoparticle loading on thermal conductivity and steady shear viscosity of nanotube-in-oil dispersions. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of these dispersions correlate with each other and vary with the size of large scale agglomerates, or clustered nanoparticles, in the fluids. Fluids with large scale agglomerates have high thermal conductivities. Dispersion energy, applied by sonication, can decrease agglomerate size, but also breaks the nanotubes, decreasing both the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanotube dispersions. Developing practical heat transfer fluids containing nanoparticles may require a balance between the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the dispersions.
Differentiating bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from adenocarcinoma. (1982)

The recognition of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) as distinct from adenocarcinoma of the lung, is controversial. Using strict pathologic criteria, 43 consecutive patients with BAC were matched by year of diagnosis and compared with a similar number of patients with adenocarcinoma, and for contrast, with those with squamous and oat cell carcinoma of the lung. We demonstrated that BAC is not sex related, and is not as smoking related as the other neoplasms. Unlike epidermoid carcinoma, BAC does not show a predilection for those occupations requiring manual labor. Also, BAC is frequently distinguishable radiologically from the other three by being smaller and peripheral. A pleural tag and an air bronchogram in a mass are rather specific, and BAC is less likely to have large airway involvement and adenopathy. The percentage of patients who were free of tumor after 2 yr was greater in the BAC group than in the others, but the overall survival rate between the BAC group and the adenocarcinoma group was not. Based on inter-observer variability, there is some overlap pathologically between these 2 groups. However, when the overlap between the adenocarcinoma and the BAC groups is compared with that between the adenocarcinoma and the squamous cell carcinoma groups, the difference is not significant. We conclude that BAC should be considered a distinct clinical entity.
Four-Bar Linkage Mechanism for Insectlike Flapping Wings in Hover: Concept and an Outline of Its Realization (2005)

This paper describes the concept of a four-bar linkage mechanism for flapping wing micro air vehicles and outlines its design, implementation, and testing. Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are defined as flying vehicles ca. 150 mm in size (handheld), weighing 50–100 g, and are developed to reconnoiter in confined spaces (inside buildings, tunnels, etc.). For this application, insectlike flapping wings are an attractive solution and, hence, the need to realize the functionality of insect flight by engineering means. Insects fly by oscillating (plunging) and rotating (pitching) their wings through large angles, while sweeping them forward and backward. During this motion, the wing tip approximately traces a figure eight and the wing changes the angle of attack (pitching) significantly. The aim of the work described here was to design and build an insectlike flapping mechanism on a 150 mm scale. The main purpose was not only to construct a test bed for aeromechanical research on hover in this mode of flight, but also to provide a precursor design for a future flapping-wing MAV. The mechanical realization was to be based on a four-bar linkage combined with a spatial articulation. Two instances of idealized figure eights were considered: (i) Bernoulli’s lemniscate and (ii) Watt’s sextic. The former was found theoretically attractive, but impractical, while the latter was both theoretically and practically feasible. This led to a combination of Watt’s straight-line mechanism with a drive train utilizing a Geneva wheel and a spatial articulation. The actual design, implementation, and testing of this concept are briefly described at the end of the paper.
Dynamic change of transmission of CaF 2 single crystals by irradiating with ArF excimer laser light (2000)

The laser induced absorption of CaF<SUB>2</SUB> caused by ArF excimer laser light has been observed at energy densities of F equals 2-30 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> per pulse and a repetition rate of R equals 50 Hz. The experiments show that the transmission of CaF<SUB>2</SUB> samples depends on the pulse energy density. The change of the absorption coefficient with the time of irradiation can be described by an exponential model. Different experiments were performed where the energy density was increased and decreased stepwise. They prove that color centers not only are formed but also are annihilated by irradiation. Laser induced decrease of absorption was observed in all samples as soon as the energy density was decreased. Coloring and bleaching of the samples are completely reversible processes. The level of transmission depends on the energy density of the laser light and the quality of the material but not on the history of irradiation. The damage resistance of the material can be adjusted by the appropriate choice of the raw material and the process parameters. The reversibility of the laser induced absorption can be explained by a reaction equilibrium. This leads to a model where the concentration of absorbing defects depends on the current irradiation conditions. Using these equations the reversibility and the observed exponential dependence of the change of transmission with time can be explained. Assuming different dependencies of the reaction constants of coloring and bleaching on the energy density, the change of the absorption coefficient with pulse energy density can be calculated.
Rapid Plasmenylethanolamine-Selective Fusion of Membrane Bilayers Catalyzed by an Isoform of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Discrimination between Glycolytic and Fusogenic Roles of Individual Isoforms (1995)

Recently we demonstrated that the unique stereoelectronic relationships inherent in the structure of plasmenylethanolamine facilitate membrane fusion, and we postulated the existence of a membrane fusion protein which could exploit the propensity of plasmenylethanolamine molecular species to adapt an inverted hexagonal phase [Glaser & Gross (1994) Biochemistry 33, 5805-5812]. We now report a cryptic membrane fusion activity in rabbit brain cytosol, which requires separation from an endogenous inhibitor to express its activity, and demonstrate that vesicle fusion catalyzed by this protein is highly selective for membrane vesicles containing plasmenylethanolamine. The cytosolic protein catalyzing membrane fusion activity was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential column chromatographies, revealing a single 38-kDa protein band after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Automated Edman degradation demonstrated that the purified protein is an isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which was confirmed by Western blot analysis utilizing polyclonal antibodies and by solution-state inactivation of membrane fusion activity by a monoclonal antibody directed against GAPDH. Both GTP-affinity and Mono Q chromatographies resolved GAPDH isoforms that catalyzed dehydrogenase activity from the GAPDH isoform that catalyzed membrane fusion activity. The purified fusion protein was calcium-independent, resistant to treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, and possessed an obligatory requirement for plasmenylethanolamine and cholesterol. High-resolution stopped-flow kinetic analysis of plasmenylethanolamine-facilitated membrane fusion demonstrated that one tetramer of the GAPDH isoform catalyzed one fusion event between two vesicles containing plasmenylethanolamine every millisecond (on average). Collectively, these results constitute the first description of a protein which can catalyze the fusion of vesicles at a rate which satisfies the mathematical constraints imposed by the observed rates of fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in vivo.
Binding and Action of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Pituitary Tumor Cells* (1991)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a target hormone mediating most of the growth effects of GH, suppresses GH gene expression in a feedback regulatory loop, which may be either endocrine or paracrine in nature. Although IGF-I has been shown to directly attenuate GH gene transcription, the relationship of IGF-I binding and action in the somatotroph cell remains unclear. Therefore, IGF-I binding and action were compared in two different pituitary cell lines both secreting GH. Recombinant human IGF-I attenuated GH secretion in GC cells by up to 70% after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, IGF-I failed to suppress GH secretion in GH3 cells, a clonally related pituitary cell line. Binding studies showed that although the KD for IGF-I was similar in both cell types, GC cells contain 3-fold more IGF-I binding sites compared to GH3 cells, possibly explaining their resistance to IGF-I action. Nevertheless, both cell lines possessed abundant and similar binding sites for insulin. These results imply that the IGF-I signal for GH gene regulation is receptor-mediated and directly correlated with the number of pituitary IGF-I binding sites. Availability of pituitary IGF-I binding sites may therefore be important in determining the level of GH expression by the somatotroph. (Endocrinology128: 857–862,1991)
A CMOS circuit for embedded GHz measurement of digital signal rise time degradation (2006)

An embedded diagnosis circuit for quantifying the degradation in digital signals rise/fall time is presented. The proposed measurement technique differs from previous approaches in many ways. Firstly, it avoids the use of undersampling which can become problematic at high speeds; instead, it relies on a real-time asynchronous sampling approach which eliminates the distortion jeopardy imposed by the front-end sampling network, sampling clock jitter, and delay line jitter for GHz range applications. Secondly, the information is processed in the time domain which makes use of the recent developments in time-domain amplification (Oulmane and Roberts, 2004). Thirdly, a dynamic current generation technique is used to achieve great reduction in static power dissipation and allows the front-end level-crossing detector to work at such high speeds. The circuit was implemented in a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach. Preliminary experimental results are also presented. The proposed circuit can be equally used to perform on-chip analog slew rate measurement
Personalization of information retrieval through user profiling (2002)

As the amount of data stored on electronic media increases, it becomes imperative to build information search and retrieval systems that provide user access to the right information quickly. When the search and retrieval process is based purely on key words that are devoid of context, it may result in missing potentially important sources or could result in finding too many unrelated sources. This article presents the NARAD distributed agent architecture that collaborates with users to identify their contextual framework for their information requirements. The architecture allows for individual agents to collaborate with each other to assist other agents based on profiles of users with knowledge of the topic in question. This paper describes the overall approach, the architecture, and results of the evaluation.
Complex of C60 Fullerene with Doxorubicin as a Promising Agent in Antitumor Therapy (2015)

The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of doxorubicin in complex with C60 fullerene (C60 + Dox) on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice and to perform a primary screening of the potential mechanisms of C60 + Dox complex action. We found that volume of tumor from mice treated with the C60 + Dox complex was 1.4 times less than that in control untreated animals. The number of metastatic foci in lungs of animals treated with C60 + Dox complex was two times less than that in control untreated animals. Western blot analysis of tumor lysates revealed a significant decrease in the level of heat-shock protein 70 in animals treated with C60 + Dox complex. Moreover, the treatment of tumor-bearing mice was accompanied by the increase of cytotoxic activity of immune cells. Thus, the potential mechanisms of antitumor effect of C60 + Dox complex include both its direct action on tumor cells by inducing cell death and increasing of stress sensitivity and an immunomodulating effect. The obtained results provide a scientific basis for further application of C60 + Dox nanocomplexes as treatment agents in cancer chemotherapy.
Entwicklungstrends im Finanzvermögen und seine Abbildung in Jahresabschluß und Publizität (1996)

Nachdem die notwendigen Hintergründe der Jahresabschlußerstellung in den drei untersuchten Staaten dargestellt worden sind, befaßt sich die Untersuchung im weiteren ausschließlich mit dem Untersuchungsgegenstand Finanzvermögen. Dieses resultiert — wie einleitend dargestellt206 — aus einer Vielzahl verschiedenster Aktivitäten im Unternehmen und ist deshalb als extrem heterogene Vermögensmasse anzusehen. Sowohl langfristige Investitionsprozesse, der Leistungserstellungs- und Verwertungsprozeß des Unternehmens als auch Finanzierungsaktivitäten und diverse Finanztransaktionen können sich im Finanzvermögen niederschlagen.
Multiple-scattering lidar equation (1996)

A multiple-scattering lidar equation is derived from a phenomenological representation of the scattering processes. The contributions are separated into the unscattered, singly scattered, and multiply scattered illumination of the scattering volume, a single backscattering reflection from that volume, and the unscattered and multiply scattered propagation back to the receiver. The equation is obtained in the form of analytic expressions that explicitly show the signal dependence on the extinction coefficient, the effective particle size, the range, and the receiver field of view. Consistent agreement is found with Monte Carlo calculations and published laboratory measurements. Numerical simulations demonstrate that measurements made at three or more fields of view can be inverted to solve for the extinction coefficient and the effective particle radius. The multiple scatterings taken into account in the proposed equation are the small-angle diffraction scatterings; the wide-angle scatterings caused by refraction and reflection are considered lost, except for one backscattering at an angle close to 180°. Consequently, the equation is applicable to cases in which the projection of the lidar receiver field of view on the cloud is of the order of the angular width of the diffraction peak of the phase function times the penetration depth into the cloud.
Influence of host genotype on progression to AIDS among HIV-infected men. (1991)

To evaluate whether host genotype influences disease progression among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), molecular techniques were used to determine genotypes at immune response loci for 114 HIV-1-infected homosexual/bisexual white men in the San Francisco Men's Health Study. Candidate genes evaluated were HLA-DQA1 and -DRB1, complement C4A and C4B, alpha- and beta-interferons, and the heavy chain of immunoglobulin gamma 1. Of the 114 men, 29 were asymptomatic, 21 were symptomatic men and AIDS patients (p = 0.02). Specifically, the HLA haplotype DRB1*0702-DQA1*0201 was associated with absence of symptoms (p = 0.003). Conversely, the frequency of the complement C4B-L allele was higher among patients with symptoms or with AIDS than among asymptomatic subjects (p = 0.02). These results suggest that genes in or near the major histocompatibility complex may influence the rate of disease progression among HIV-1-infected men.
A Monolithically Integrated ACP-OPLL Receiver for RF/Photonic Links (2011)

The first monolithically integrated optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) employing attenuating-counter-propagating waves is presented. It demonstrates the highest dynamic range among monolithically integrated OPLLs. Its performance is limited by the bandwidth and linearity of the photodetectors used in the OPLL.
Call center scheduling technology evaluation using simulation (2001)

Telemarketers, direct marketing agencies, collection agencies and others whose primary means of customer contact is via the telephone invest considerable sums of money to make the calling operation efficient and productive. Investments are required in human resources, infrastructure and technology. Having invested the dollars, businesses want to ensure that value is maximized. Call scheduling algorithms provide an efficient method to maximize customer contact. However, management at a large, national credit-card bank was not convinced that the software used to schedule calls was providing an adequate level of service. Simulation studies showed that management was justified in this assumption. The study also revealed that process improvement opportunities exist, which if implemented would likely produce the desired performance improvements.
Lymph flow and lung weight in isolated sheep lungs (1986)

To study the relationship between lung weight and lymph flow, we used an in situ, isolated sheep lung preparation that allowed these two variables to be measured simultaneously. All lungs were perfused for 4.5 h at a constant rate of 100 ml X min-1 X kg-1. In control lungs, the left atrial pressure (Pla) was kept at atmospheric pressure. In experimental lungs, Pla was kept atmospheric except for a 50-min elevation to 18 mmHg midway through the perfusion. During this period of left atrial hypertension, pulmonary arterial pressure rose from 18 to 31 mmHg, lymph flow rose from 3 to 12 ml/h, and the lymph-to-plasma oncotic pressure ratio (pi L/pi P) fell from 0.7 to 0.48. After left atrial pressure was returned to control, pulmonary arterial pressure, lymph flow, and pi L/pi P all returned to control levels. The rate of weight gain after the return of left atrial pressure to control was also the same as that in the control group. However, during the period of left atrial hypertension 135 ml of fluid were filtered into the lung, and this large increase in lung weight remained after the pressure was lowered. The presence of this substantial excess lung water despite control values for vascular pressures, lymph flow, rate of weight gain, and pi L/pi P suggests that the absolute amount of lung water has little influence on the dynamic aspects of lung fluid balance. These results are consistent with a two-compartment model of the interstitial space, where only one of the compartments is readily drained by the lymphatics.
Learning Non-Lambertian Object Intrinsics across ShapeNet Categories (2016)

We consider the non-Lambertian object intrinsic problem of recovering diffuse albedo, shading, and specular highlights from a single image of an object. We build a large-scale object intrinsics database based on existing 3D models in the ShapeNet database. Rendered with realistic environment maps, millions of synthetic images of objects and their corresponding albedo, shading, and specular ground-truth images are used to train an encoder-decoder CNN. Once trained, the network can decompose an image into the product of albedo and shading components, along with an additive specular component. Our CNN delivers accurate and sharp results in this classical inverse problem of computer vision, sharp details attributed to skip layer connections at corresponding resolutions from the encoder to the decoder. Benchmarked on our ShapeNet and MIT intrinsics datasets, our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large margin. We train and test our CNN on different object categories. Perhaps surprising especially from the CNN classification perspective, our intrinsics CNN generalizes very well across categories. Our analysis shows that feature learning at the encoder stage is more crucial for developing a universal representation across categories. We apply our synthetic data trained model to images and videos downloaded from the internet, and observe robust and realistic intrinsics results. Quality non-Lambertian intrinsics could open up many interesting applications such as image-based albedo and specular editing.
Liquid crystalline paracyclophanes and ansa compounds—series of polyether macrocycles incorporating diacetylene, phenyl, biphenyl, p-terphenyl and 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole rigid cores (2005)

Series of different macrocyclic liquid crystals consisting of two rod-like aromatic cores connected at both terminal ends by polyether chains have been synthesised by various macrocyclisation reactions (template assisted etherification, Yamaguchi macrolactonisation, Glaser-coupling reaction). The nature and length of the rigid core have a dominant impact on the liquid crystalline phases formed. A stepwise increase of the length of one of the rigid cores leads to significant mesophase stabilisation, to the induction of lamellar phases and, in general, to wider mesophase ranges. The same types of mesophases but at much reduced transition temperatures are observed when flexible methylene linkages are incorporated into the macrocycles. Parallel pre-organisation of the calamitic cores and micro-segregation of chemically distinct molecular parts are discussed as the main driving forces for the mesophase behaviour of these macrocyclic compounds. Additionally, chiral macrocyclic liquid crystals exhibiting SmC* phases, cholesteric phases and blue phases have been synthesised. In contrast to the cyclophanes, ansa-compounds incorporating only one aromatic core within the macrocycle show either a monotropic nematic phase only or no liquid crystalline behaviour at all. An architecture combining the cyclophane structure with an ansa-unit and a molecule with a non-parallel pre-organisation of rod-like mesogenic cores as well does not show LC phases. The lack of LC behaviour for these compounds might be due to the molecular architecture resulting in a steric disturbance of packing that, in this way, does not allow for segregation of rigid and flexible units into distinct sub-domains.