gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Self-Ballasted Compact Fluorescent Lamp of an "A60" Bulb Shape. (2000)

Self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have been developed and improved in these twenty years. In Japan, the CFLs that have diffusive glass globes to replace incandescent lamps have been developed, but their sizes were too large to fit in the luminares of incandescent bulbs. Thus, we have developed the self-ballasted CFL of an "A60" bulb shape, which has the maximum diameter of φ60 mm and the length of 123 mm. This lamp could be substituted for a 60 W incandescent lamp. In order to realize this lamp size, we optimized the discharge tube diameter, filling gas type and pressure, the shape and making-process of the discharge tube. After all, the triple-"U" connected tube is selected, which has a decisive advantage against a multi-folded tube on the luminous maintenance during life, but also has a disadvantage on the luminous run-up characteristics. We investigated the behaviors of mercury, especially the mercury diffusion phenomenon released from the auxiliary amalgam-flags after ignition by both experiments and calculation. The luminous run-up characteristic has been much improved.
Isolation And Characterization Of A Cdna Clone Coding For α1-Antitrypsin (1981)

Poly(A)-RNA enriched for α1-antitrypsin was isolated by specific immunoprecipitation of baboon liver polysomes. Alpha1-antitrypsin consisted of greater than 90% of the cell-free translation products of this mRNA. A doublestranded cDNA was synthesized by using reverse transcriptase and made blunt-ended with nuclease S1. After tailing with dCTP and terminal transferase, the double-stranded cDNA was annealed to pBR322 DNA. The latter DNA had been cleaved previously at the single Pst I site and similarly tailed with dGTP. The resulting plasmids were used to transform Escherichia coli strain RR1. Clones that hybridized to 32P-labeled cDNA synthesized from the α1-antitrypsin-enriched mRNA were then identified. The recombinants containing baboon cDNA inserts were further screened by a solution hybridization assay with [3H]cDNA synthesized from the enriched mRNA. The cDNA inserts from the positive clones were then sequenced to identify clones containing α1-antitrypsin. One insert, designated pBaαA1, was found to code for the carboxyl-terminal region of α1-antitrypsin. It also contained a noncoding region of 76 base pairs and a poly(A) tail of 60 base pairs.
Mobiceil (2018)

Location awareness of people inside commercial establishments can help with occupancy-based dynamic energy management and indoor navigation. In this paper, we propose MobiCeil, a novel phone-based indoor localization technique. The proposed technique is offline, automated, and uses image captured from phone's camera to identify the unique ceiling structure of any particular location in the office building. The proposed method is based on these assumptions: (a) in office, employees tend to keep their phones lying on the table, and (b) the layout of ceiling landmarks in a portion of the ceiling structure (as captured by the phone's camera on the table) is unique. We validated these assumptions by checking the phone placement of 47 employees randomly at their cubicle or meeting room, and collecting ceiling layout data from 18 meeting rooms and 6 cubicles in an IT office building. To evaluate the performance of MobiCeil, we collected images of the ceiling as seen by the phone (front and back) camera in three different rotations of the phone placed on the table, to capture a total of 960 ceiling images. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 88.2% for identifying locations, with a low computation time of 2.8s per image.
Hydroxypyridonate chelating agents and synthesis thereof (1985)

Chelating agents having 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinone (HOPO) and related moieties incorporated within their structures, including polydentate HOPO-substituted polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, and HOPO-substituted desferrioxamine. The chelating agents are useful in selectively removing certain cations from solution, and are particularly useful as ferric ion and actinide chelators. Novel syntheses of the chelating agents are provided. 4 tabs.
The role of immunoglobulin E-binding epitopes in the characterization of food allergy (2009)

IgE epitope mapping has the potential to become an additional tool for the diagnosis/prognosis of food allergy and lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and tolerance induction of food allergy.
Robotic Radiosurgery With Noncylindrical Collimators (1997)

In radiosurgery, a moving beam of radiation acts as an ablative surgical instrument. Conventional systems for radiosurgery use a cylindrical radiation beam of fixed cross section. The radiation source can be moved only along simple, standardized paths. A new radiosurgical system based on a six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm has been developed to overcome limitations of conventional systems. We address the following question: Can dose distributions generated by robotic radiosurgery be improved by using noncylindrical radiation beams? This includes static noncylindrical collimators and collimators of adaptable cross section. Geometric methods for planning the shape of the beam in addition to planning beam motion are developed. Design criteria considered in this context are treatment time, radiation penumbra, and transparency of interactive treatment planning. An experimental evaluation compares distributions generated with our new radiosurgical system using cylindrical beams to distributions generated with b...
Oversampling Sigma-Delta Modulator Stabilized by Intensive Nonlinear Feedback Loop Technique (2006)

Based on the former "local nonlinear feedback loop (LNFL)" technique for stabilization of oversampling sigma-delta modulator (SDM), an improved technique called "intensive nonlinear feedback loop (INFL)" is proposed to further raise the stability. The INFL technique not only avoids the instability limitation of high-order SDM without SNR degradation like the former LNFL technique, but also suppresses the output swing range of the critical integrator more effectively than the former LNFL technique. The contribution significantly results from the stabilization scheme closer to the critical integrator. The proposed INFL technique can also be extended to apply to various configurations of SDMs, such as single-loop or multiple-loop structures, for robust-stability and low-power VLSI applications
Supplementary Figure from Immune Determinants of the Association between Tumor Mutational Burden and Immunotherapy Response across Cancer Types (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Immune Determinants of the Association between Tumor Mutational Burden and Immunotherapy Response across Cancer Types
TCR Stimulation Drives Cleavage and Shedding of the ITIM Receptor CD31 (2010)

Abstract CD31 is a transmembrane molecule endowed with T cell regulatory functions owing to the presence of 2 immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. For reasons not understood, CD31 is lost by a portion of circulating T lymphocytes, which appear prone to uncontrolled activation. In this study, we show that extracellular T cell CD31 comprising Ig-like domains 1 to 5 is cleaved and shed from the surface of human T cells upon activation via their TCR. The shed CD31 can be specifically detected as a soluble, truncated protein in human plasma. CD31 shedding results in the loss of its inhibitory function because the necessary cis-homo–oligomerization of the molecule, triggered by the trans-homophilic engagement of the distal Ig-like domain 1, cannot be established by CD31shed cells. However, we show that a juxta-membrane extracellular sequence, comprising part of the domain 6, remains expressed at the surface of CD31shed T cells. We also show that the immunosuppressive CD31 peptide aa 551–574 is highly homophilic and possibly acts by homo-oligomerizing with the truncated CD31 remaining after its cleavage and shedding. This peptide is able to sustain phosphorylation of the CD31 ITIM686 and of SHP2 and to inhibit TCR-induced T cell activation. Finally, systemic administration of the peptide in BALB/c mice efficiently suppresses Ag-induced T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. We conclude that the loss of T cell regulation caused by CD31 shedding driven by TCR stimulation can be rescued by molecular tools able to engage the truncated juxta-membrane extracellular molecule that remains exposed at the surface of CD31shed cells.
Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions by mono- and diamidines (1981)

Several aromatic mono- and diamidines were found to block cell fusion induced by respiratory syncytial virus. The best inhibitors were able to achieve complete suppression of syncytium formation at a concentration of 1.0 microM. Inhibition occurred in respiratory syncytial virus-infected HEp-2 and CV-1 cells, but the same inhibitors were ineffective in preventing fusion induced by parainfluenza virus type 3. The fusion inhibitors did not reduce single-cycle virus yields, but did reduce multiple-cycle yields. In addition, the active compounds caused a significant retardation of respiratory syncytial virus penetration. The mechanism by which amidines interfere with respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions is unknown, but parallels can be drawn between antiviral activity and the ability of the compounds to inhibit certain trypsin-like proteases.
INITIAL RESULTS FROM INVESTIGATIONS TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION-RESISTANT THERMOCOUPLES (2007)

New fuel, cladding, and structural materials offer the potential for safer and more economic energy from existing reactor and advanced nuclear reactor designs. However, insufficient data are available to characterize these materials in high temperature, radiation conditions. To evaluate candidate material performance, robust instrumentation is needed that can survive these conditions. However, traditional thermocouples either drift due to degradation at high temperatures (above 1100 °C) or due to transmutation of thermocouple components. Thermocouples are needed which can withstand both high temperature and high radiation environments. To address this instrumentation need, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) recently developed the design and evaluated the performance of a high temperature radiation-resistant thermocouple that contains commercially-available alloys of molybdenum and niobium (Rempe, 2006). Candidate thermocouple component materials were first identified based on their ability to withstand high temperature and radiation. Then, components were selected based on data obtained from materials interaction tests, ductility investigations, and resolution evaluations. Results from long duration (over 4000 hours) tests at high temperatures (up to 1400 °C) and thermal cycling tests demonstrate the stability and reliability of the INL-developed design. Tests in INL’s Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) are underway to demonstrate the in-pile performance of these thermocouples. However, several options have been identified that could further enhance the lifetime and reliability of the INL-developed thermocouples, allowing their use in higher temperature applications (up to at least 1700 °C). A joint University of Idaho (UI) and INL University Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (UNERI) is underway to investigate these options and ultimately, provide recommendations for an enhanced thermocouple design. This paper presents preliminary results from this UI/INL effort. Results are reported from tests completed to evaluate the ductility, resolution, transient response, and stability of thermocouples made from non-commercially available alloys of molybdenum and niobium. In addition, this paper reports preliminary insights gained by comparing the performance of thermocouples fabricated with alternate techniques and geometries.
Poly(4-vinylpyridine) based novel stationary phase investigated under supercritical fluid chromatography conditions (2018)

A novel poly(4-vinylpyridine) based stationary phase was investigated for its performance under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) mode. Due to its unique structure, this stationary phase has high molecular planarity recognition ability for aromatic samples possessing the same number of aromatic rings and π-electrons. Taking advantage of the planarity recognition ability observed, separations of structurally similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and steroids were achieved. This novel stationary phase afforded good peak symmetry for both acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients even when excluding the use of additives such as acids, bases, and salts. These findings may be attributed to the polymeric pyridyl groups covalently-attached on silica gel, which will effectively shield the undesirable interaction between residual silanol groups on the surface and the analytes. Moreover, the properties of pyridyl group on the selector can be reversibly tuned to cationic pyridinium form by eluting trifluoroacetic acid containing modifier. Column robustness toward cycle durability testing was also confirmed.
Role of endogenous adenosine in postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmia and hemodynamic depression. (1989)

In halothane-nitrous oxide-anesthetized pigs, the effect of the competitive adenosine antagonist, BW-A1433U (a derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine), on postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmia and hemodynamic depression was investigated. In protocol 1, repetitive episodes of ventricular fibrillation lasting 15 seconds before transthoracic DC shock were performed in five animals, before (control) and after the administration of BW-A1433U (5 mg/kg i.v.). An unsuccessful initial shock was immediately followed by a rescue shock of 40 A. In ventricular fibrillation episodes requiring rescue shocks, nine of 19 episodes (47%) exhibited second- or third-degree atrioventricular block at 15 seconds postdefibrillation compared with only one of 16 BW-A1433U episodes (6%). In protocol 2, the effect of BW-A1433U was determined in the presence of dipyridamole, a nucleoside uptake blocker known to potentiate the cardiac actions of adenosine. To counter the hypotensive effect of dipyridamole, methoxamine was continuously infused at 0.015 mg/kg/min i.v. Sequential episodes of ventricular fibrillation lasting 45 seconds were terminated by shocks of 40 A in the presence of methoxamine alone, after dipyridamole (1.5-7.5 mg i.v.), and after BW-A1433U (5 mg/kg i.v.). Over the first 15 seconds postdefibrillation, BW-A1433U significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the number of spontaneous beats (31 +/- 2) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (111 +/- 4/67 +/- 5 mm Hg; mean +/- SEM; n = 9) compared with both methoxamine (16 +/- 2 beats; 98 +/- 14/52 +/- 12 mm Hg; n = 5) and dipyridamole (8 +/- 3 beats; 58 +/- 11/27 +/- 6 mm Hg; n = 9), respectively. Rapid infusion of BW-A1433U during dipyridamole postdefibrillation periods raised heart rate and blood pressure to preventricular fibrillation levels within 30 seconds. Thus, BW-A1433U can reverse and prevent postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmia and hemodynamic depression. Endogenous adenosine may be an important mediator of postdefibrillation cardiovascular collapse.
WaveFlow: A Compact Flow-based Model for Raw Audio (2019)

In this work, we propose WaveFlow, a small-footprint generative flow for raw audio, which is directly trained with maximum likelihood. It handles the long-range structure of 1-D waveform with a dilated 2-D convolutional architecture, while modeling the local variations using expressive autoregressive functions. WaveFlow provides a unified view of likelihood-based models for 1-D data, including WaveNet and WaveGlow as special cases. It generates high-fidelity speech as WaveNet, while synthesizing several orders of magnitude faster as it only requires a few sequential steps to generate very long waveforms with hundreds of thousands of time-steps. Furthermore, it can significantly reduce the likelihood gap that has existed between autoregressive models and flow-based models for efficient synthesis. Finally, our small-footprint WaveFlow has only 5.91M parameters, which is 15$\times$ smaller than WaveGlow. It can generate 22.05 kHz high-fidelity audio 42.6$\times$ faster than real-time (at a rate of 939.3 kHz) on a V100 GPU without engineered inference kernels.
Multichannel add/drop filter based on in-plane hetero photonic Crystals (2005)

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the characteristics of a multichannel add/drop filter which utilizes in-plane hetero photonic crystals (IP-HPCs). The structure consists of an in-plane array of photonic crystals with different lattice-constants. Finite-difference time-domain calculations reveal that optimal performance in terms of wavelength resolution and efficiency can be kept almost constant at different wavelengths even though slab thickness is not changed. The multichannel add/drop device fabricated consists of seven photonic crystals, with a lattice parameter difference of 1.25 nm between neighboring regions. This device demonstrated wavelength spacing /spl sim/5nm with almost constant Q factor and efficiency. It is also shown that the boundary between different PCs (the heterointerface), plays an important role not only in improving add/drop efficiency but also in performing directional filtering.
Inexpensive, Lightweight Method of Detecting Coronas with UAVs (2018)

Advances in technology have allowed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to be utilized as tools in the power industry. Power grids are routinely inspected to maintain a reliable power supply. When maintaining transmission lines, UAVs are primarily deployed for visual inspection, but there is a need for ultraviolet (UV) inspections for the purpose of detecting high voltage coronas. Coronas are potential indicators of problems in high voltage conductors or insulating structures. Ultraviolet cameras offer long range and high sensitivity to the weak photon flux of high voltage coronas. The size, weight, and cost of UV cameras limit their use in UAV applications. Compact narrow band sensors do not have these limitations.The range of the UV sensor is too short for flyby inspections with a UAV, so methods of augmentation were researched. A shallow parabolic reflector was developed to enhance the range of a narrow band UV detector for the purpose of UAV based autonomous high voltage line inspection. With safer standoff distances, the UV sensor studied, in combination with a parabolic reflector, exhibits potential for autonomous inspection of high voltage structures for corona detection.
Interstitial Photoacoustic Sensor for the Measurement of Tissue Temperature during Interstitial Laser Phototherapy (2015)

Photothermal therapy is an effective means to induce tumor cell death, since tumor tissue is more sensitive to temperature increases than normal tissue. Biological responses depend on tissue temperature; target tissue temperature needs to be precisely measured and controlled to achieve desired thermal effects. In this work, a unique photoacoustic (PA) sensor is proposed for temperature measurement during interstitial laser phototherapy. A continuous-wave laser light and a pulsed laser light, for photothermal irradiation and photoacoustic temperature measurement, respectively, were delivered to the target tissue through a fiber coupler. During laser irradiation, the PA amplitude was measured. The Grüneisen parameter and the bioheat equation were used to determine the temperature in strategic positions in the target tissue. Our results demonstrate that the interstitial PA amplitude is a linear function of temperature in the range of 22 to 55 °C, as confirmed by thermocouple measurement. Furthermore, by choosing appropriate laser parameters, the maximum temperature surrounding the active diffuse fiber tip in tissue can be controlled in the range of 41 to 55 °C. Thus, this sensor could potentially be used for fast, accurate, and convenient three-dimensional temperature measurement, and for real-time feedback and control of interstitial laser phototherapy in cancer treatment.
Synthetic peptides mimic subtype specificity of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (1983)

The major immunogen of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is located between amino acids 141-160 of the capsid protein VP1. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the major immunogenic region give good neutralising antibody responses and protection in guinea pigs. To define more precisely the immunogenic site of the virus, we have examined serological differences between subtypes of the A serotype using synthetic peptides covering the 141-160 region. We show that these synthetic peptides carry determinants which mimic the subtype specificity of the virus. The correlation between these results and predictive structural models, based on the amino acid sequence, is discussed.
Demonstration of saturated high repetition rate tabletop soft x-ray lasers at wavelengths down to 13.2 nm (2005)

We have demonstrated gain-saturated operation of high repetition rate table-top soft x-ray lasers producing microwatt average powers at wavelengths ranging from 13.2 to 32.6 nm in transitions of Ni-like and Ne-like ions. Lasing was also observed for shorter wavelength transitions of the 4<i>d</i><sup>1</sup><i>S</i><sub>0</sub>→4<i>p</i><sup>1</sup><i>P</i><sub>1</sub> Ni-like isoelectronic sequence, with amplification approaching gain saturation in the 11.9 nm line of Ni-like Sn and progressively reduced gain for wavelengths as low as 10.9 nm in Ni-like Te. The results were obtained heating a pre-created plasma with a picosecond optical laser pulse with an energy of only 1 J impinging at optimized grazing angles of incidence for maximum pump energy deposition efficiency. This pumping geometry takes advantage of the refraction of the pump beam to increase the energy deposition efficiency of the pump beam into the gain region, making it possible to operate soft x-ray lasers in this wavelength range at significantly increased repetition rates. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing high average powers of coherent radiation in the 100 eV spectral region for applications using a table-top source.
Optimizing piezoelectric panel speakers using the simulated annealing algorithm (2010)

This article focuses on the optimization of piezoelectric panel speakers. Two piezoelectric ceramic plates serve to excite the diaphragm in the speaker. In light of an optimization procedure, the optimal position on the diaphragm to mount the piezoelectric ceramic plates is determined. A finite-element model is established using the energy method, where the electrical system, mechanical system, and acoustic loading of the transducer are considered as a coupled system. The simulated annealing algorithm is exploited to attain a design that enables low fundamental resonance frequency and high acoustic output. Experiments were conducted to verify the numerical model. The experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical prediction, in which the performance of the optimized configuration was found to be significantly improved over the non-optimal design.
Self-Metallization of Photocatalytic Porphyrin Nanotubes (2004)

Porphyrin nanotubes represent a new class of nanostructures for which the molecular building blocks can be altered to control their structural and functional properties. Nanotubes containing tin(IV) porphyrins are photocatalytically active and can reduce metal ions from aqueous solution. The metal is deposited selectively onto tube surfaces, producing novel composite nanostructures that have potential applications as nanodevices. Two examples presented here are nanotubes with a continuous gold wire in the core and a gold ball at the end and nanotubes coated with platinum nanoparticles mainly on their outer surfaces. The latter are capable of photocatalytic reduction of water to hydrogen.