gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YAP Is Essential for Treg-Mediated Suppression of Antitumor Immunity (2018)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but their suppressive function can impede effective antitumor immune responses. FOXP3 is a transcription factor expressed in Tregs that is required for their function. However, the pathways and microenvironmental cues governing FOXP3 expression and Treg function are not completely understood. Herein, we report that YAP, a coactivator of the Hippo pathway, is highly expressed in Tregs and bolsters FOXP3 expression and Treg function <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo.</i> This potentiation stemmed from YAP-dependent upregulation of activin signaling, which amplifies TGFβ/SMAD activation in Tregs. YAP deficiency resulted in dysfunctional Tregs unable to suppress antitumor immunity or promote tumor growth in mice. Chemical YAP antagonism and knockout or blockade of the YAP-regulated activin receptor similarly improved antitumor immunity. Thus, we identify YAP as an unexpected amplifier of a Treg-reinforcing pathway with significant potential as an anticancer immunotherapeutic target.<b>Significance:</b> Tregs suppress antitumor immunity, and pathways supporting their function can be novel immunotherapy targets. Here, the selective expression of YAP by Tregs, its importance for their function, and its unexpected enhancement of pro-Treg Activin/SMAD signaling are reported, as are validations of potential cancer-fighting antagonists of YAP and its regulatory targets. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(8); 1026-43. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899</i>.
Novel Superactive Leptin Antagonists and their Potential Therapeutic Applications (2014)

Random mutagenesis of mouse leptin antagonist (L39A/D40A/F41) followed by selection of high-affinity mutants by yeastsurface display indicated that replacing residue D23 with a non-negatively charged amino acid (most specifically with Leu) leads to dramatically enhanced affinity of leptin toward LEPR leading to development of superactive mouse, human, ovine and rat leptin antagonists (D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A). Superactive leptin antagonist mutants of mouse, human, rat or ovine leptins were developed in our laboratory, expressed in E. coli, refolded and purified to homogeneity as monomeric proteins. Pegylation of leptin antagonists resulted in potent and effective long-acting reagents suitable for in vivo studies or therapies. In the present review we explain the mechanism of leptin inhibition and summarize the possible use of leptin antagonists as possible leptin blockers in various human pathologies such as antiinflammatory and anti-autoimmune diseases, uremic cachexia, and cancer. We also suggest the use of leptin antagonists as research reagents for creation of a novel, fast and reversible model of T2DM in mice.
Spectroscopic monitoring of kidney tissue ischemic injury (2004)

Noninvasive evaluation of tissue viability of donor kidneys used for transplantation is an issue that current technology is not able to address. In this work, we explore optical spectroscopy for its potential to assess the degree of ischemic damage in kidney tissue. We hypothesized that ischemic damage to kidney tissue will give rise to changes in its optical properties which in turn may be used to asses the degree of tissue injury. The experimental results demonstrate that the autofluorescence intensity of the injured kidney is decreasing as a function of time exposed to ischemic injury. Changes were also observed in the NIR light scattering intensities most probably arising from changes due to injury and death of the tissue.
The Preparation of (3-3-(Ph3P)2-3-H-4-(polystyrylmethyl)-3-1-2-Rhoda Carborane); A Polymer-Bound Metallocarborane Catalyst. (1977)

The compound (3-3-(Ph3P)2-3-H-4-(polystyrylmethyl)-3-1-2-RhC2B9H10)(I) was synthesized from ((Ph3P)3RhC1) and (9-(polystyrylmethyl)-7-8-C2B9H11) M+ (II; M = Na or K). Characterization of (I) includes infrared, visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The polymer-bound carborane (II) was isolated from the reaction of (7,8-C2B9H11)2- with Merrifield's Peptide resin.
Conductivity imaging of canine body using 3T magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) system (2011)

Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) aims to produce cross-sectional images of conductivity distributions inside animal and human subjects. In this study, we validate its feasibility by performing conductivity imaging experiments of post-mortem canine bodies. After clipping the hair of a beagle, we attached four carbon–hydrogel electrodes and placed the dog inside our 3T MRI scanner. We injected the imaging current in the form of short pulses into the imaging area, the timing of which was synchronized with a chosen pulse sequence. By obtaining images of the induced magnetic flux density distributions inside the dog, we reconstructed conductivity images using the single-step harmonic Bz algorithm based on the relationship between conductivity and magnetic flux density. Reconstructed conductivity images of heart, kidney, prostate, and other organs exhibited unique contrast information hardly observed in other imaging modalities. By providing cross-sectional conductivity images with a spatial resolution of a few millimeters, MREIT may deliver unique new diagnostic information in future clinical studies.
Structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial spinel ferrite thin films (1996)

We have grown epitaxial spinel ferrite thin films of (Mn,Zn) Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered by spinel structure buffer layers. High quality spinel ferrite films were grown at 400 °C on buffer layers that were grown at 600 °C and postannealed at 1000 °C. Although (Mn,Zn) Fe2O4 grown directly on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 shows mediocre structural and magnetic properties, ferrite films grown on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered with CoCr2O4 exhibit excellent crystallinity and bulk saturation magnetization values, thus indicating the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the immediately underlying layer.
Single Crystalline Film of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Atomic Monolayer by Controlling Nucleation Seeds and Domains (2015)

A monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) film with controllable domain morphology and domain size (varying from less than 1 μm to more than 100 μm) with uniform crystalline orientation was successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The key for this extremely large single crystalline domain size of a h-BN monolayer is a decrease in the density of nucleation seeds by increasing the hydrogen gas flow during the h-BN growth. Moreover, the well-defined shape of h-BN flakes can be selectively grown by controlling Cu-annealing time under argon atmosphere prior to h-BN growth, which provides the h-BN shape varies in triangular, trapezoidal, hexagonal and complex shapes. The uniform crystalline orientation of h-BN from different nucleation seeds can be easily confirmed by polarized optical microscopy (POM) with a liquid crystal coating. Furthermore, seamlessly merged h-BN flakes without structural domain boundaries were evidence by a selective hydrogen etching after a full coverage of a h-BN film was achieved. This seamless large-area and atomic monolayer of single crystalline h-BN film can offer as an ideal and practical template of graphene-based devices or alternative two-dimensional materials for industrial applications with scalability.
The Rbx1 subunit of SCF and VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase activates Rub1 modification of cullins Cdc53 and Cul2 (1999)

The RING-H2 finger protein Rbx1 is a subunit of the related SCF (Skp1-Cdc53/Cul1-F-box protein) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor (elongin BC-Cul2-VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, where it functions as a component of Cdc53/Rbx1 and Cul2/Rbx1 modules that activate ubiquitination of target proteins by the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes Cdc34 and Ubc5. Here we demonstrate that the Cdc53/Rbx1 and Cul2/Rbx1 modules also activate conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1 to Cdc53 and Cul2 by the dedicated E2 Rub1 conjugating enzyme Ubc12. Our findings identify Rbx1 as a common component of enzyme systems responsible for ubiquitin and Rub1 modification of target proteins.
Continuous acoustic shear wave logging (1984)

A shear wave logging tool has been developed which has operational characteristics comparable to the conventional acoustic logging tool. Shear waves are generated and detected to the exclusion of compressional waves. By means of proprietary transducers, no physical contact with the borehole wall is necessary and data are obtained continuously as the tool traverses the well bore at normal well logging velocities. Operation of the tool has been field tested at 315/sup 0/F and 15,000 psi. Data have been obtained in various lithologies with the Shear Wave Acoustic Log (SWAL). The lithologies range from well lithified sediments to unconsolidated sandstones. In hard rocks, comparison of SWAL data is made to Long Spaced Acoustic Log (LSAL) data where shear data are usually obtained easily. The comparison of shear data from these two tools is excellent whenever LSAL shear wave data are recognizable.
Cavity-backed Archimedean spiral antenna with strip absorber (2008)

The characteristics of an Archimedean spiral (ARSP) antenna backed by an extremely shallow cavity (0.07 wavelength at the lower operating design frequency of 3 GHz) are analysed. It is revealed that the presence of the cavity causes noticeable variation in the antenna characteristics at low frequencies. To restore the wideband characteristics inherent to the ARSP, a ring-shaped strip absorber (R-ABS) is placed under the spiral arms. It is found that the wideband antenna characteristics are successfully restored with the use of the R-ABS. Subsequently, the R-ABS is divided into two arc-shaped strip absorbers and the volume of each is reduced by decreasing the arc-angle phisARC from 180° (corresponding to an R-ABS) to 0° (corresponding to a cavity without an absorber). It is shown that when the arc-angle is chosen to be greater than phisARC=90°, the antenna characteristics obtained for phisARC=180° are reproduced. Theoretical results are confirmed using results from experimental work.
SDN-controlled topology-reconfigurable optical mobile fronthaul architecture for bidirectional CoMP and low latency inter-cell D2D in the 5G mobile era (2014)

We demonstrate the first SDN-controlled optical topology-reconfigurable mobile fronthaul (MFH) architecture for bidirectional coordinated multipoint (CoMP) and low latency inter-cell device-to-device (D2D) connectivity in the 5G mobile networking era. SDN-based OpenFlow control is used to dynamically instantiate the CoMP and inter-cell D2D features as match/action combinations in control plane flow tables of software-defined optical and electrical switching elements. Dynamic re-configurability is thereby introduced into the optical MFH topology, while maintaining back-compatibility with legacy fiber deployments. 10 Gb/s peak rates with <7 μs back-to-back transmission latency and 29.6 dB total power budget are experimentally demonstrated, confirming the attractiveness of the new approach for optical MFH of future 5G mobile systems.
Synthesis of a Nitrogen Analogue of Sphingomyelin as a Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor (2003)

[structure: see text] Sphingomyelin nitrogen analogue 1 was designed and synthesized as a sphingomyelinase inhibitor. The synthesis was established by continuous Hofmann rearrangement and Crutius rearrangement as key steps in constructing the 3-hydroxy-1,2-diamine structure in the backbone of 1. This analogue showed moderate inhibitory activity toward SMase isolated from B. cereus.
Tenascin in cerebrospinal fluid is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of brain tumour. (1994)

Tenascin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has been reported to be expressed predominantly on glioma tissue in the CNS, both in a cell associated and an excreted form. Recently, a highly sensitive sandwich type enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of tenascin was developed. In the present study, the amount of tenascin in CSF was measured. An increase of tenascin in CSF (> 100 ng/ml) was found in patients with an astrocytic tumour. The concentration was significantly higher (> 300 ng/ml) in high grade astrocytoma (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma) and a further increase (> 1000 ng/ml) was found in cases of CSF dissemination of high grade astrocytoma. On the other hand, tenascin concentrations were less than 100 ng/ml in non-astrocytic tumours and non-neoplastic neurological diseases, except meningeal dissemination of tumour cells, meningeal stimulation by infection, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In cases of treated astrocytomas in remission, tenascin was negligible (< 100 ng/ml) in the CSF. The measurement of tenascin in CSF is useful for differential diagnosis of brain tumours and monitoring of astrocytic tumours.
Space-time adaptive processing: a knowledge-based perspective for airborne radar (2006)

This article provides a brief review of radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) from its inception to state-of-the art developments. The topic is treated from both intuitive and theoretical aspects. A key requirement of STAP is knowledge of the spectral characteristics underlying the interference scenario of interest. Additional issues of importance in STAP include the computational cost of the adaptive algorithm as well as the ability to maintain a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) over widely varying interference statistics. This article addresses these topics, developing the need for a knowledge-based (KB) perspective. The focus here is on signal processing for radar systems using multiple antenna elements that coherently process multiple pulses. An adaptive array of spatially distributed sensors, which processes multiple temporal snapshots, overcomes the directivity and resolution limitations of a single sensor.
The effect of boron and rare earth contents on the magnetic properties of La and Cr substituted α-Fe/R2Fe14B-type nanocomposites (1998)

The effect of phase transformations on the magnetic properties of rare earth lean (Nd0.95La0.05)9.5Fe82.5−xCr2B6+x (x=0 to 4.5) and (Nd0.95La0.05)7.5+yFe80.5−yCr2B10 (y=0 to 4) melt spun ribbons has been investigated. The phase mixture, after optimum thermal processing, was found to be strongly dependent upon the rare earth and boron contents. Two magnetic phases, namely α-Fe and R2Fe14B, were found in (Nd0.95La0.05)9.5Fe82.5−xCr2B6+x alloy ribbons with x ranging from 0 to 4.5. For a fixed rare earth content, increases in the boron concentration resulted in a higher volume fraction of the R2Fe14B phase, which led to an increase in the intrinsic coercive force from 7.1 kOe for x=0 to 12.6 kOe for x=4.2. A Br=9.6 kG, Hc=9.5 kOei, and (BH)max=15.5 MGOe have been obtained in the alloy ribbons with x=4.5. On the other hand, the increase in the total rare earth content, or y, was found to suppress the formation of the metastable Fe3B and/or R2Fe23B3 phases and to yield an α-Fe/R2Fe14B mixture for y&gt;1. This increase in total rare earth content not only increases the volume fraction of both the R2Fe14B and α-Fe phases but also decreases the average grain size of these phases as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy analysis. This decrease in the average grain size may subsequently enhance the intrinsic coercivity and the remanence of the ribbons. A Br of 9.5 kG, a Hci of 13.2 kOe, and a (BH)max of 18 MGOe were achieved in (Nd0.95La0.05)11Fe77Cr2B10.
Downhole Fluid Analysis and Asphaltene Science for Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation (2014)

Petroleum reservoirs are enshrouded in mysteries associated with all manner of geologic and fluid complexities that Mother Nature can inspire. Efficient exploitation of petroleum reservoirs mandates elucidation of these complexities; downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has proven to be indispensable for understanding both fluids and reservoir architecture. Crude oil consists of dissolved gases, liquids, and dissolved solids, known as the asphaltenes. These different fluid components exhibit fluid gradients vertically and laterally, which are best revealed by DFA, with its excellent precision and accuracy. Compositional gradient analysis falls within the purview of thermodynamics. Gas-liquid equilibria can be treated with a cubic equation of state (EoS), such as the Peng-Robinson EoS, a modified van der Waals EoS. In contrast, the first EoS for asphaltene gradients, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, was developed only recently. The resolution of the asphaltene molecular and nanocolloidal species in crude oil, which is codified in the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes, enabled the development of this EoS. The combination of DFA characterization of gradients of reservoir crude oil with the cubic EoS and FHZ EoS analyses brings into view wide-ranging reservoir concerns, such as reservoir connectivity, fault-block migration, heavy oil gradients, tar mat formation, huge disequilibrium fluid gradients, and even stochastic variations of reservoir fluids. New petroleum science and DFA technology are helping to offset the increasing costs and technical difficulties of exploiting ever-more-remote petroleum reservoirs.
Manipulating rates, complexity and error-resilience with discrete transforms (2002)

The common conception of transform coding is a a computationally efficient alternative to vector quantization. At high rates, it is not the partitioning itself but the efficiency of the scalar entropy coding which makes transform coding useful. With this view a class of discrete transforms derived from linear transforms are used to pursue three objectives: reducing coefficient entropies (getting coding gain as in conventional transform coding), reducing the complexity of entropy coding (allowing many coefficients to be efficiently coded with identical entropy codes), and having robustness to coefficient erasures.
Evaluation of the effect of solvent modification and coal pretreatment and beneficiation on liquefaction: Final report (1985)

An extensive research program was conducted to ascertain ways to improve oil yields and process economics of direct coal liquefaction. The effects of removing heteroatoms from the solvent, pretreating coal by several techniques (including solvent extraction, oxidation, grinding, and ion exchange), and beneficiating coal by removing mineral species were investigated in both catalytic and noncatalytic coal liquefaction reactions. Additionally, fundamental studies were carried out to explain the role of heteroatoms in catalytic coal liquefaction. The effects of process variables, catalysts and mode of catalyst addition, solvent properties, and recycle of SRC on oil production and coal conversion were also studied. 9 refs., 12 figs., 72 tabs.
Latent morpho-semantic analysis (2008)

We describe an entirely statistics-based, unsupervised, and language-independent approach to multilingual information retrieval, which we call Latent Morpho-Semantic Analysis (LMSA). LMSA overcomes some of the shortcomings of related previous approaches such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). LMSA has an important theoretical advantage over LSA: it combines well-known techniques in a novel way to break the terms of LSA down into units which correspond more closely to morphemes. Thus, it has a particular appeal for use with morphologically complex languages such as Arabic. We show through empirical results that the theoretical advantages of LMSA can translate into significant gains in precision in multilingual information retrieval tests. These gains are not matched either when a standard stemmer is used with LSA, or when terms are indiscriminately broken down into n-grams.
Application of Global Optimization to the Estimation of Surface-Consistent Residual Statics (1999)

Since the objective function that is used to estimate surface-consistent residual statics can have many local maxima, a global optimization method is required to find the optimum values for the residual statics. As reported in several recent papers, we had developed a new method (TRUST) for solving global optimization problems and had demonstrated it was superior to all competing methods for a standard set of nonconvex benchmark problems. The residual statics problem can be very large with hundreds or thousands of parameters, and large global optimization problems are much harder to solve than small problems. To solve the very challenging residual statics problem, we have made several significant advances in the mathematical description of the residual statics problem (derivation of two novel stack power bounds and disaggregation of the original problem into a large number of small problems). Using the enhanced version of TRUST, we have performed extensive simulations on a realistic sample problem that had been artificially created by large static disruptions. Our simulations have demonstrated that TRUST can reach many plausible distinct ''solutions'' that could not be discovered by more conventional approaches. An unexpected result was that high values of the stack power may be eliminate cycle skips.
Globally precise-restartable execution of parallel programs (2014)

Emerging trends in computer design and use are likely to make exceptions, once rare, the norm, especially as the system size grows. Due to exceptions, arising from hardware faults, approximate computing, dynamic resource management, etc., successful and error-free execution of programs may no longer be assured. Yet, designers will want to tolerate the exceptions so that the programs execute completely, efficiently and without external intervention.
Physicochemical and cell biological characterization of PMMA bone cements modified with additives to increase bioactivity (2012)

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is the most widely used material in surgery to fix joint replacements in the bone. In this study, we propose a new approach to generate bioactive PMMA surfaces directly at the site of implantation by adding the amphiphilic molecule phosphorylated 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA-P) to commercial PMMA bone cement, both with or without addition of 1-5% soluble calcium and carbonate salts. The setting behavior as well as the mechanical properties, the bonding quality at the metal/cement interface, mineral deposition, and cellular response for different cement modifications were investigated in vitro. The addition of HEMA-P resulted in entirely positive effects with respect to proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) and a very tight contact at the metal/cement interface. No detrimental changes of other properties were detected. The additional incorporation of salts provoked an increased deposition of calcium phosphate minerals but no further improvement in SaOs-2 cell differentiation. A significant decrease in polarization resistance for cements with high salt content (5%) was attributed to debonding between metal and cement. The results suggest an improved clinical performance of PMMA/HEMA-P composites, which might be further enhanced by small amounts of the soluble salts.