gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured set partitions and multilevel concatenated coding for partial response channels (1999)

We present a systematic way to construct multilevel concatenated codes for partial response (PR) channels using: (1) a structured set partition (SSP) of multiple channel output sets and (2) a set of conventional block codes with different error correcting capabilities. A lower bound on the minimum squared Euclidean distance of the constructed codes is given. This bound is based on the interset minimal Euclidean distances of the SSP and the minimum Hamming distances of the used block codes. An example of SSP for the extended class 4 partial response channel (EPR4) is presented. Iterative suboptimal decoding, which combines Viterbi detection on the trellis of the PR channel with algebraic error detection/correction, can be applied to the constructed concatenated codes. Truncated versions of the iterative decoding scheme are simulated and compared with each other.
Tilted logpile photonic crystals using the LIGA technique (2006)

The LIGA microfabrication technique offers a unique method for fabricating 3-dimensional photonic lattices based on the Iowa State "logpile" structure. These structures represent the [111] orientation of the [100] logpile structures previously demonstrated by Sandia National Laboratories. The novelty to this approach is the single step process that does not require any alignment. The mask and substrate are fixed to one another and exposed twice from different angles using a synchrotron light source. The first exposure patterns the resist at an angle of 45 degrees normal to the substrate with a rotation of 8 degrees. The second exposure requires a 180 degree rotation about the normal of the mask and substrate. The resulting pattern is a vertically oriented logpile pattern that is rotated slightly off axis. The exposed PMMA is developed in a single step to produce an inverse lattice structure. This mold is filled with electroplated gold and stripped away to create a usable gold photonic crystal. Tilted logpiles demonstrate band characteristics very similar to those observed from [100] logpiles. Reflectivity tests show a band edge around 5 μm and compare well with numerical simulations.
Pd on Porous Glass: A Versatile and Easily Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki and Heck Reactions (2008)

The catalytic activity of Pd supported on porous glass was studied for both Suzuki and Heck reactions under aerobic conditions, with particular focus on the Suzuki coupling. The reactions were carried out in water under microwave irradiation. The effects of the catalyst preparation process (calcination time and temperature), as well as the base, substrate, and boron compound used on the coupling reaction were investigated in relation to the reusability of the catalyst. Various bases promote the Suzuki coupling of phenylboronic acid with bromophenol very effectively resulting in quantitative conversion and excellent selectivity for the coupling product. However, most bases lead to deactivation of the catalyst after the first reaction cycle and the catalyst must be reactivated before reuse. Therefore, excellent conversions and selectivities for individual reactions are not sufficient to conclude if the chosen conditions are suitable for a given reaction, but resuits from recycling studies have to be considered also.
Shape memory polymers with high and low temperature resistant properties (2015)

High temperature shape memory polymers that can withstand the harsh temperatures for durable applications are synthesized, and the aromatic polyimide chains with flexible linkages within the backbone act as reversible phase. High molecular weight (Mn) is demanded to form physical crosslinks as fixed phase of thermoplastic shape memory polyimide, and the relationship between Mn and glass transition temperature (Tg) is explored. Thermoset shape memory polyimide shows higher Tg and storage modulus, better shape fixity than thermoplastic counterpart due to the low-density covalent crosslinking, and the influence of crosslinking on physical properties are studied. The mechanism of high temperature shape memory effects based on chain flexibility, molecular weight and crosslink density is proposed. Exposure to thermal cycling from +150 °C to -150 °C for 200 h produces negligible effect on the properties of the shape memory polyimide, and the possible mechanism of high and low temperature resistant property is discussed.
Dynamic adaptive HTTP streaming of live content (2011)

MPEG has recently released a first public draft of the new Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) specification. The new streaming technique is based on the 3GPP and partly also on the Open IPTV Forum (OIPF) specifications. In this paper, we give an overview about the new DASH specification with a special focus on Live streaming services. In order to re-use existing web content distribution schemes, the new streaming technique provides the live stream as a sequence of files, which are continuously downloaded by the streaming client. This way of streaming introduces new delay components into the system streaming. Live Streaming technology is often used for events like sport events to allow other users to virtually participate. It is generally preferred to minimize the end-to-end delay for live services. In the paper, we identify and analyze the different delay components of the new adaptive HTTP streaming technique and how they contribute to the end-to-end delay of live services. We also discuss the dependencies and system implications when minimizing the end to end delay. The evaluation principles are also applicable for other adaptive HTTP streaming formats.
Pluripotent Stem Cell-Engineered Cell Sheets Reassembled with Defined Cardiovascular Populations Ameliorate Reduction in Infarct Heart Function Through Cardiomyocyte-Mediated Neovascularization (2012)

Although stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for cardiac restoration, the heterogeneity of transplanted cells has been hampering the precise understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. Previously, we established a cardiovascular cell differentiation system from mouse pluripotent stem cells, in which cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mural cells (MCs) can be systematically induced and purified. Combining this with cell sheet technology, we generated cardiac tissue sheets reassembled with defined cardiovascular populations. Here, we show the potentials and mechanisms of cardiac tissue sheet transplantation in cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Transplantation of the cardiac tissue sheet to a rat MI model showed significant and sustained improvement of systolic function accompanied by neovascularization. Reduction of the infarct wall thinning and fibrotic length indicated the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling. Cell tracing with species-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization after transplantation revealed a relatively early loss of transplanted cells and an increase in endogenous neovascularization in the proximity of the graft, suggesting an indirect angiogenic effect of cardiac tissue sheets rather than direct CM contributions. We prospectively dissected the functional mechanisms with cell type-controlled sheet analyses. Sheet CMs were the main source of vascular endothelial growth factor. Transplantation of sheets lacking CMs resulted in the disappearance of neovascularization and subsequent functional improvement, indicating that the beneficial effects of the sheet were achieved by sheet CMs. ECs and MCs enhanced the sheet functions and structural integration. Supplying CMs to ischemic regions with cellular interaction could be a strategic key in future cardiac cell therapy.
Fiber Optic Spectrochemical Emission Sensors (1989)

A new class of fiber optic chemical sensor is presently under development at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The new probe type, termed fiber optic spectrochemical emission sensor (FOSES), implements either electrical spark or radio frequency excitation (via helium plasma) of analyte species at the probe tip for remote in situ detection. The two excitation modes offer complementary chemical detection methods suitable for vapors, aerosols, or liquid samples. The new probe concept offers the potential for multi-point real-time field sampling and mapping of groundwater contamination plumes or airborne chemical contamination. This paper addresses probe designs, probe characteristics and performance, detection limits, and future concepts for multi-point sampling systems.
Hemicholinium-3 congeners as potential antagonists to organophosphate-induced toxicity (1990)

A series of congeners of hemicholinium-3, in which the 1,4-oxazinium rings of hemicholinium are replaced by pyrrolidine, piperidine, 1,3-dioxane, or 1,4-oxazine rings, is described. Several of the target compounds produced blockade of neuromuscular transmission in the rabbit, and three heterocyclic derivatives, 10, 11, and 13, significantly antagonized paraoxon-induced lethality in mice. 1,3-Dioxane derivative 11 was an extremely potent antagonist of paraoxon-induced toxicity in mice, compared with prototypical protective agents physostigmine and pyridostigmine. Compound 11 exhibited a much more favorable therapeutic ratio than the reference drugs. The mechanism of action of 11 has not been elucidated, although it is concluded that it differs from that of hemicholinium-3 (inhibition of high-affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of choline into nerve terminals).
Experimental Results of New Self-Calibration Procedures for Network Analyzers (1990)

A general theory for network analyzer calibration is presented. From this theory calibration procedures are derived which allow to evaluate the values of unknown parameters in the calibration standards during the calibration procedure via eigenvalue conditions. The performance of the procedures is verified by measurements.
A distributed active vibration absorber for sound radiation and vibration control (1999)

This paper discusses the analytical and experimental development of a distributed active vibration absorber (DAVA) designed to reduce sound radiation and vibration over extended areas of elastic structures. The distributed vibration absorber, in contrast to the classical vibration absorber, consists of a continuous active elastic layer covered with a continuous mass distribution. The distribution of the mass layer can be optimally designed to reduce either sound radiation or vibration over selected areas or frequency bands for particular structures. The paper first discusses an analytical model of the DAVA based upon variational techniques and used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to design the mass distribution optimally. Simulated results on vibration and sound radiation control for a vibrating beam are presented and are compared to experimental realizations of the DAVA. The analytical and experimental tests confirm that the DAVA can passively attenuate vibration and sound radiation through an extended area and over an extended frequency range. The DAVA is shown to outperform the classical point vibration absorber significantly. The introduction of an active signal to the DAVA is seen to provide significant additional sound and vibration reduction. The DAVA is demonstrated to provide effective passive and active vibration and sound control in a conformal, compact, skin treatment. [Work funded by the ONR, Dr. Kam Ng, Technical Monitor.]
A Wideband Injection-Locking Scheme and Quadrature Phase Generation in 65-nm CMOS (2014)

A novel technique for wideband injection locking in an LC oscillator is proposed. Phased-lock-loop and injection-locking elements are combined symbiotically to achieve wide locking range while retaining the simplicity of the latter. This method does not require a phase frequency detector or a loop filter to achieve phase lock. A mathematical analysis of the system is presented and the expression for new locking range is derived. A locking range of 13.4-17.2 GHz and an average jitter tracking bandwidth of up to 400 MHz were measured in a high- Q LC oscillator. This architecture is used to generate quadrature phases from a single clock without any frequency division. It also provides high-frequency jitter filtering while retaining the low-frequency correlated jitter essential for forwarded clock receivers.
Antibody responses to Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1) and expression of LMP1 in juvenile Hodgkin's disease (2002)

A large group of juvenile Hodgkin's disease patients (n = 242, mean age 11.7 years, 75% [n = 181] seropositive) was evaluated for anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody responses and the presence of EBV-encoded EBER-RNA and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1)-protein expression in the tumor. The molecular diversity of anti-EBV antibody responses in Hodgkin's disease patients with EBV-positive and-negative tumors was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. Using purified recombinant LMP1 protein as antigen, the presence of antibodies to LMP1 was related to expression of LMP1 in the tumor cells and specific EBV-serological patterns. Antibodies to LMP1 were detected in 30% of the EBV-seropositive Hodgkin's disease patients. The presence of antibodies to LMP1 was not associated with a distinct anti-EBV antibody diversity profile (ELISA), but a significantly higher percentage of patients with antibodies to LMP1 had antibodies to ZEBRA and viral capsid antigen (VCA)-p18 (Immunoblot). Significantly more patients with an EBV-positive tumor had detectable antibody responses to LMP1, but the presence of antibodies to LMP1 did not reflect the expression of LMP1 protein in the tumor cells. Interestingly, all patients with the strongest antibody responses to LMP1 had EBV-negative tumors, suggesting immunological selection in vivo.
Combustion chamber and thermal vapor stream producing apparatus and method. [for injection into subterranean formations] (1978)

A new and improved method and apparatus are described for burning a hydrocarbon fuel for producing a high pressure thermal vapor stream comprising steam and combustion gases for injecting into a subterranean formation for the recovery of liquefiable minerals therefrom. A high pressure combustion chamber having multiple refractory lined combustion zones of varying diameters is provided for burning a hydrocarbon fuel and pressurized air in predetermined ratios injected into the chamber for producing hot combustion gases essentially free of oxidizing components and solid carbonaceous particles. The combustion zones are formed by zones of increasing diameters up a final zone of decreasing diameter to provide expansion zones which cause turbulence through controlled thorough mixing of the air and fuel to facilitate complete combustion. The high pressure air and fuel are injected into the first of the multiple zones where ignition occurs with a portion of the air injected at or near the point of ignition to further provide turbulence and more complete combustion.
Recursive filters for iterative multiuser decoding (2003)

We investigate recursive filtering for joint iterative decoding in linear multiple access channels. The filter is derived based on the received signal and all successive estimates provided by the outer decoders over all previous iterations.
In vivo imaging flow cytometer (2006)

We introduce an in vivo imaging flow cytometer, which provides fluorescence images simultaneously with quantitative information on the cell population of interest in a live animal. As fluorescent cells pass through the slit of light focused across a blood vessel, the excited fluorescence is confocally detected. This cell signal triggers a strobe beam and a high sensitivity CCD camera that captures a snapshot image of the cell as it moves down-stream from the slit. We demonstrate that the majority of signal peaks detected in the in vivo flow cytometer arise form individual cells. The instrument's capability to image circulating T cells and measure their speed in the blood vessel in real time in vivo is demonstrated. The cell signal irradiance variation, clustering percentage, and potential applications in biology and medicine are discussed.
Expanding the potential of standard flow cytometry by extracting fluorescence lifetimes from cytometric pulse shifts (2014)

Fluorescence lifetime measurements provide information about the fluorescence relaxation, or intensity decay, of organic fluorophores, fluorescent proteins, and other inorganic molecules that fluoresce. The fluorescence lifetime is emerging in flow cytometry and is helpful in a variety of multiparametric, single cell measurements because it is not impacted by nonlinearity that can occur with fluorescence intensity measurements. Yet time-resolved cytometry systems rely on major hardware modifications making the methodology difficult to reproduce. The motivation of this work is, by taking advantage of the dynamic nature of flow cytometry sample detection and applying digital signal processing methods, to measure fluorescence lifetimes using an unmodified flow cytometer. We collect a new lifetime-dependent parameter, referred to herein as the fluorescence-pulse-delay (FPD), and prove it is a valid representation of the average fluorescence lifetime. To verify we generated cytometric pulses in simulation, with light emitting diode (LED) pulsation, and with true fluorescence measurements of cells and microspheres. Each pulse is digitized and used in algorithms to extract an average fluorescence lifetime inherent in the signal. A range of fluorescence lifetimes is measurable with this approach including standard organic fluorophore lifetimes (∼1 to 22 ns) as well as small, simulated shifts (0.1 ns) under standard conditions (reported herein). This contribution demonstrates how digital data acquisition and signal processing can reveal time-dependent information foreshadowing the exploitation of full waveform analysis for quantification of similar photo-physical events within single cells.
ADC bit allocation under a power constraint for mmWave massive MIMO communication receivers (2017)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems operating over a wide bandwidth and using a large number of antennas impose a heavy burden on power consumption. In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) would be the primary consumer of power in the base station receiver. This paper proposes a bit allocation (BA) method for mmWave multi-user (MU) massive MIMO systems under a power constraint. We apply ADCs to the outputs of an analog phased array for beamspace projection to exploit mmWave channel sparsity. We relax a mean square quantization error (MSQE) minimization problem and map the closed-form solution to non-negative integer bits at each ADC. In link-level simulations, the proposed method gives better communication performance than conventional low-resolution ADCs for the same or less power. Our contribution is a near optimal low-complexity BA method that minimizes total MSQE under a power constraint.
A Practical Synthesis of Ureas from Phenyl Carbamates (1997)

Using DMSO as solvent, a mild and efficient procedure for the synthesis of unsymmetrical N,N'-disubstituted ureas from phenyl carbamates is described. The carbamates are treated with a stoichiometric amount of amine at ambient temperature, generating the ureas in high yield and high purity. The reaction is mild, fast, and easily scaled up.
Nonlinear acoustics in tissue harmonic imaging (2003)

In recent years the interest in nonlinear acoustics has dramatically increased in diagnostic ultrasound. There are two main areas where nonlinear acoustics is used in medical imaging: tissue harmonic imaging (THI) and imaging of ultrasound contrast agents. Although similar approaches are used in both of these areas, they are very different in that THI is based on nonlinear propagation of sound in tissue, whereas contrast imaging is based on the nonlinear scattering from resonant microbubbles. The clinical benefits of THI are reduced phase aberration artifacts and overall clutter, improved border delineation, and increased contrast resolution. The basic principles of nonlinear propagation of sound beams in tissue are discussed here. Theoretical and experimental results are used to demonstrate some of the properties of nonlinear propagation and their relation to imaging. To a large extent the clinical benefits of THI are explained with the nonlinear propagation properties. Imaging considerations and techniques like pulse inversion and power modulation are discussed. These techniques are also used in imaging contrast agents (microbubbles) and an effort is made to separate the various issues in these two imaging areas and explain their differences.
Development of directional olfactory display (2010)

When we display the olfactory information in VR, the controlled release of aroma to stimulate olfactory organ is an important factor. In fact, temporal and spatial control of aroma constituent is the elemental technology. The long-term preservation of the aromatic materials and the miniaturization of olfactory display are also desirable. Most traditional researches on olfactory displays focused on temporal control of aroma, but the importance of spatial control of aroma was not well realized. In addition, some of previous olfactory displays used liquid-type aromatic materials, which were nondurable. In this research, we generated directional air flow with aromas by using micro air flow source. With this approach, spatial control of aroma and miniaturization of olfactory display were achieved. Furthermore, we were able to extend the duration of aromatic materials, as the aroma source enclosed in a calcium silicate was encapsulated inside the nearly-sealed device.
Electrolytes with Improved Safety Developed for High Specific Energy Li-Ion Cells with Si-Based Anodes (2013)

A number of electrolyte formulations that have improved safety characteristics have been developed for use with high capacity silicon-based anodes. To improve the compatibility with Si-based anodes, a number of technical approaches have been employed, including: (1) the use of mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in conjunction with, or in lieu of, ethylene carbonate (EC), (2) the use of high proportions of fluorinated co-solvents, (3) the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) to stabilize the Si/C electrode, and (4) the use of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) to improve the compatibility of the electrolyte when Si/C electrodes are used in conjunction with high voltage cathodes. Candidate electrolytes were studied in Li/Si-C and Si-C/ Li(MnNiCo)O 2 (NMC) coin cells, as well as in larger Si-C/NMC three-electrode cells equipped with lithium reference electrodes. In summary, many electrolytes that contain triphenyl phosphate (TPP), which is used as a flame retardant additive up to concentrations of 15 volume percent, and possess FEC as a co-solvent have been demonstrated to outperform the all-carbonate baseline electrolytes when evaluated in Si-C/ Li(MnNiCo)O 2 cells.