gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Relative Importance of Temporal Characteristics in Text-Dependent and Text-Constrained Speaker Verification (2006)

The relative importance of the temporal characteristics of speech for text-dependent and text-constrained speaker verification is investigated. A novel scheme is proposed using a common set of Gaussian components to form various HMM and GMM configurations, establishing a systematic transition from text-dependent to text-constrained speaker verification, and resulting in a novel alternative to conventional GMM-UBM training. Experimental results indicate that the intra-word temporal characteristics of speech do not contribute significantly to performance, however the inter-word temporal characteristics can be used during both enrollment and testing to improve verification performance.
Fluorescence polarization imaging for delineating nonmelanoma skin cancers (2004)

We present a method for detecting nonmelanoma skin cancers using exogenous fluorescence polarization. We built an automated system that permits exogenous fluorescence polarization imaging. It includes a tunable linearly polarized monochromatic light source and a CCD camera equipped with a rotating linear polarizer and a filter to reject excitation light. Two fluorophores that are retained in tumors, toluidine blue and methylene blue, are employed. We demonstrate that fluorescence polarization imaging can be used for accurate delineation of nonmelanoma cancers. The results suggest that this optical technique may be suitable for real-time noninvasive demarcation of epithelial cancers.
A Novel Skeletal Muscle Cytoprotective Action of Adenosine A3 Receptors (2007)

Adenosine (Ado) can protect skeletal muscle from ischemic injury, in addition to its cardio‐ and vasculo‐protective effect. However, identity of the Ado receptor and the mechanism mediating skeletal muscle protection is unknown. Using a quantitative mouse hindlimb ischemia‐reperfusion injury model, the objective here was to assess the protective role of Ado receptor subtypes. Ado A3 receptor‐selective agonist Cl‐IBMECA reduced skeletal muscle injury, an effect that was blocked by the A3 receptor antagonist MRS1191 (% injury, vehicle: 28±5.9% vs. Cl‐IBMECA: 5.4±3.8%, Cl‐IBMECA & MRS1191: 21.5±3.5%, mean±SE, 7–22 mice, ANOVA & comparisons, Cl‐IBMECA vs. all others, P<0.05). The A1 receptor agonist CCPA was also protective and and was selectively antagonized by the A1 receptor blocker DPCPX (CCPA: 10.8±1.8%, DPCPX &CCPA: 22±3.3%, 7–12 mice, P<0.05). The protection induced by Cl‐IBMECA and another A3 receptor agonist MRS3558 was completely abrogated in phospholipase C β2/3‐null mice while that caused by CCPA remained unaffected in these animals (8–10 mice). The study demonstrated a novel potent protective effect of A3 receptors in skeletal muscle and implicates phospholipase C β in mediating this protection. The data add to the cyto‐protective actions of adenosine and suggest that the A3 receptor is a novel therapeutic target in ameliorating skeletal muscle injury.
Nontraditional, Safe, High Voltage Rechargeable Cells of Long Cycle Life (2018)

A room-temperature all-solid-state rechargeable battery cell containing a tandem electrolyte consisting of a Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte in contact with a lithium anode and a plasticizer in contact with a conventional, low cost oxide host cathode was charged to 5 V versus lithium with a charge/discharge cycle life of over 23,000 cycles at a rate of 153 mA·g<sup>-1</sup> of active material. A larger positive electrode cell with 329 cycles had a capacity of 585 mAh·g<sup>-1</sup> at a cutoff of 2.5 V and a current of 23 mA·g<sup>-1</sup> of the active material; the capacity rose with cycle number over the 329 cycles tested during 13 consecutive months. Another cell had a discharge voltage from 4.5 to 3.7 V over 316 cycles at a rate of 46 mA·g<sup>-1</sup> of active material. Both the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte and the plasticizer contain electric dipoles that respond to the internal electric fields generated during charge by a redistribution of mobile cations in the glass and by extraction of Li<sup>+</sup> from the active cathode host particles. The electric dipoles remain oriented during discharge to retain an internal electric field after a discharge. The plasticizer accommodates to the volume changes in the active cathode particles during charge/discharge cycling and retains during charge the Li<sup>+</sup> extracted from the cathode particles at the plasticizer/cathode-particle interface; return of these Li<sup>+</sup> to the active cathode particles during discharge only involves a displacement back across the plasticizer/cathode interface and transport within the cathode particle. A slow motion at room temperature of the electric dipoles in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte increases with time the electric field across the EDLC of the anode/Li<sup>+</sup>-glass interface to where Li<sup>+</sup> from the glass electrolyte is plated on the anode without being replenished from the cathode, which charges the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte negative and consequently the glass side of the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass/plasticizer EDLC. Stripping back the Li<sup>+</sup> to the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass during discharge is enhanced by the negative charge in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass. Since the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass is not reduced on contact with metallic lithium, no passivating interface layer contributes to a capacity fade; instead, the discharge capacity increases with cycle number as a result of dipole polarization in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte leading to a capacity increase of the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass/plasticizer EDLC. The storage of electric power by both faradaic electrochemical extraction/insertion of Li<sup>+</sup> in the cathode and electrostatic stored energy in the EDLCs provides a safe and fast charge and discharge with a long cycle life and a greater capacity than can be provided by the cathode host extraction/insertion reaction. The cell can be charged to a high voltage versus a lithium anode because of the added charge of the EDLCs.
Interferometer Accurately Measures Rotation Angle (1982)

Interference fringes from superimposed beams move across a photodetector, creating electrical pulses. Frequency of pulses is direct measure of angular velocity of rotating body. If separation of the sources changes, it affects separation of all fringes equally and does not affect angular velocity measurement.
Cost effectiveness of joint multilayer protection in packet-over-optical networks (2003)

The recent advances in generalized multiprotocol label switching/multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS/MPLS) and extensive study and understanding of packet-over-optical network architecture have made it possible to manage the resources of the packet network and underlying optical transport network in an interoperable manner. This opens up the possibility for coordinated actions across the two networking layers. In this context, we propose and evaluate a novel joint protection scheme for future packet-over-optical networks. There are two aspects that make the proposed joint scheme novel and, furthermore, cost effective: 1) It captures the best tradeoff between the finer grooming granularity of the packet layer and the cheaper port cost of the optical layer, and 2) it reuses network resources from both the primary paths and paths that exist for link failure protection by the optical layer. To examine the proposed approach, a mixed-integer optimization model was developed. In particular, we observe that overlaying joint packet-optical router protection with transport-layer link protection permits strong synergy of protection capacity reuse. Indeed, our case studies show that the proposed joint packet-optical router protection is low- or no-cost when it is overlaid on an existing transport-layer protection scheme.
Techniques for low bit rate speech coding using long analysis frames (1993)

A time-variable LPC (linear predictive coding) algorithm, utilizing interpolation of the spectral parameters between adjacent frames, is presented. Preliminary investigations, obtained in a CELP (code excited linear prediction) coder environment, indicated that time variability can improve speech quality in the case of long analysis frames (40 ms and above). A novel double-mode LTP structure was introduced to cope with the long start-up time of the conventional adaptive codebook. Segmental SNR measurements and listening tests showed that the double-mode LTP outperforms existing delayed decision tree coding algorithms with comparable complexity in the 10 ms subframe case. Delayed decision tree coding was also applied to the double-mode LTP, giving a further slight improvement of speech quality. The problem with computational complexity in the codebook search was shown to be solvable with a very small reduction of speech quality for 10 ms subframes, using a TRPE (transformed binary regular pulse excitation) codebook.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Dry Etching Techniques for III‐V Semiconductors in  CH 4 /  H 2 / Ar Plasmas (1996)

Dry etching of III‐V semiconductors under reactive ion etching, magnetron, or electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions has been performed in the same reactor using the plasma chemistry. The use of ECR conditions with additional RF‐biasing provides the fastest etch rates, although this produces rough surface morphologies for InP. Materials such as GaAs, AlGaAs, and GaP display smooth, stoichiometric surfaces even at the highest ECR powers employed. The etching is limited by sputter‐induced desorption of the etch products for all of the III‐Vs investigated.
Tunneling and slicing (2008)

Bounded Model Checking (BMC) provides complete design coverage with respect to a correctness property up to a bounded depth. However, with successive unrolling of the design, each BMC instance at depth k becomes bigger in size and harder to solve. We propose a novel scalable approach to decompose disjunctively a BMC instance, into simpler and independent subproblems, based on tunnels i.e., a set of control paths. We simplify each subproblem using slicing, data path simplification and tunnel specific control flow constraints, and solve them independently. We implemented such a tunneling and slicing-based reduction (TSR) approach in Satisfiability-Modulo-Theory (SMT)-based BMC framework. Such a TSR-based approach improves the overall performance of BMC when applied to verification of lowlevel embedded industry programs.
Auditory test result characteristics of subjects with and without tinnitus (2009)

Tinnitus is the perception of sound that does not have an acoustic source in the environment. Ascertaining the presence of tinnitus in individuals who claim tinnitus for compensation purposes is very difficult and increasingly becoming a problem. This study examined the potential to observe differences in loudness and pitch matches between individuals who experience tinnitus versus those who do not. This study follows a previous pilot study we completed that included 12 subjects with and 12 subjects without tinnitus. The current study included 36 subjects with and 36 without tinnitus. Results of this study revealed no significant differences between groups with regard to decibel sensation level (SL) loudness matches and within-session loudness-match reliability. Between-group differences revealed that the tinnitus subjects had (1) greater decibel sound pressure level loudness matches, (2) better between-session loudness-match reliability, (3) better pitch-match reliability, and (4) higher frequency pitch matches. These findings support the data from our pilot study with the exception that decibel SL loudness matches were greater for the tinnitus subjects in the pilot study. Tinnitus loudness and pitch matching may have some value in an overall battery of tests for evaluating tinnitus claims.
Integrated file-level cryptographical access control (2008)

In this paper, we propose the design of the Integrated File Level Cryptographical Access Control (IFLCAC) system, which makes file security much easier for the end user to utilize. The proposed system combines the benefits of the traditional file-level cryptography and the full-disk cryptography system, making it both secure and easy to use. We first investigate the existing file cryptography systems, comparing their pros and cons, and then describe the components of the Integrated File Level Cryptographical Access Control system, and interactions among the components. We also discuss in brief how the system may be used in classroom teaching. 1.
Speech dereverberation using a learned speech model (2015)

We present a general single-channel speech dereverberation method based on an explicit generative model of reverberant and noisy speech. To regularize the model, we use a pre-learned speech model of clean and dry speech as a prior and perform posterior inference over the latent clean speech. The reverberation kernel and additive noise are estimated under the maximum-likelihood framework. Our model assumes no prior knowledge about specific speakers or rooms, and consequently our method can automatically adapt to various reverberant and noisy conditions. We evaluate the proposed model with both simulated data and real recordings from the REVERB Challenge <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> in the task of speech enhancement and obtain results comparable to or better than the state-of-the-art.
30 Mbit/s Codec for the NTSC Color TV Signal Using an Interfield-Intrafield Adaptive Prediction (1981)

This paper proposes a new approach to the composite coding of the NTSC color TV signal, i.e., an interfield-intrafield adaptive prediction. First, concerning prediction efficiency for various moving pictures, an advantage of this coding scheme over interframe coding is clarified theoretically and experimentally. This adaptive prediction gives very good and stable performance for still to violently moving pictures. A 30 Mbit/s. codec, based on this idea, and its performance are presented. Field transmission testing through an INTELSAT satellite using this codec is also described. The picture quality is satisfactory for practically all the pictures expected in broadcast TV programs, and it is subjectively estimated to be a little better than that of the half-transponder FM transmission now employed in the INTELSAT system.
‘GA JT141‐14E45’: A new soft red winter wheat cultivar adapted to Georgia and the U.S. Southeast region (2021)

Abstract In Georgia and the southeast region of the United States, acreage of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) ( Triticum aestivum L.) has decreased in recent years. There is an urgent need to release new cultivars with high yield potential, resistance to yield‐limiting diseases and insects, and good baking quality to maximize value in regional markets. To address this, the SRWW breeding program at the University of Georgia (UGA), in collaboration with the SUNGRAINS breeding programs, developed ‘GA JT141‐14E45’ (Reg. no. CV‐1183, PI 689519), a SRWW cultivar released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and licensed to AGSouth (AGS) Genetics as AGS 3030. GA JT141‐14E45 is widely adapted to the U.S. Southeast, having high yield, good resistance to diseases such as leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and to current biotypes of Hessian fly ( Mayetiola destructor Say). It has good resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab. GA JT141‐14E45 has good grain volume weight and acceptable milling and baking quality. GA JT141‐14E45 was derived from the cross of ‘AGS 2026’/‘Jamestown’. Jamestown was used in the cross mainly for its resistance to FHB (FHB QTL 1A‐Neuse and 1B‐Jamestown). AGS 2026 is a UGA cultivar released in 2007 with very good disease resistance to rusts ( Yr17 / Lr37/Sr38 ), Hessian fly resistance ( H13 ), and excellent yield.
Locality Enhancement Of Imperfectly-nested Loop Nests (2000)

Most numerical applications using arrays require extensive program transformation in order to perform well on current machine architectures with deep memory hierarchies. These transformations ensure that an execution of the application exploits data-locality and uses the caches more effectively. 
The problem of exploiting data-locality is well understood only for a small class of applications—for programs in which all statements are present in the innermost loop of a loop-nest (called perfectly-nested loops). For such programs, statement instances can be mapped to an integer lattice (called the iteration space), and important transformations can be modelled as unimodular transformations of the iteration space. This framework has permitted the systematic application of transformations like loop-permutation, skewing and tiling in order to enhance locality in perfectly-nested loops. 
In dealing with programs that do not fall into this category, current compilers resort to ad-hoc techniques to find the right sequence of transformations. For some important benchmarks, no technique is known that will discover the right sequence of transformations. In my thesis, I propose a technique that extends the framework for perfectly-nested loops to general programs. The key idea is to embed the iteration space of every statement in the program into a special iteration space called the product space. The product space can be viewed as a perfectly-nested loop nest, so this embedding generalizes techniques like code sinking and loop fusion that are used in ad hoc ways in current compilers to produce perfectly-nested loops from imperfectly-nested ones. In contrast to these ad hoc techniques however, embeddings are chosen carefully to enhance locality. The product space is then transformed further using unimodular transformations, after which fully permutable loops are tiled, and code is generated. Code can also be generated to emulate block-recursive versions of the original program. I demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for dense numerical linear algebra benchmarks, relaxation codes, and the tomcatv code from the SPECfp95 benchmark suite.
Expression and analysis of a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene operon in <i>Campylobacter lari</i> (2012)

The present study examines the expression of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene encoding a cytotoxin in Campylobacter lari (n=6 urease-negative [UN] C. lari; n=4 urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter [UPTC]). When reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out with 10 C. lari isolates using a primer pair to amplify the cdtB gene transcript segment, an approximate 260 bp RT-PCR amplicon was generated with all the isolates. In addition, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC gene operon was identified to be polycistronicly transcribed in the C. lari cells. The cdtB gene translation in the C. lari cells was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. Thus, the cdt gene operon in C. lari organisms, including UN C. lari and UPTC, was expressed at the transcriptional and translational levels in the cells. The present results suggest that all three cdt genes may be functional in the cells.
Instrumentation for High Performance Nonintrusive Electrical Load Monitoring (1998)

This paper reviews the design and implementation of hardware and software tools for nonintrusive electrical load monitoring. Estimates of spectral content in measured waveforms can be used to determine in real time the operating schedule of loads at a target site. Techniques for transient event detection are reviewed. These techniques can detect the turn-on and turn-off transients of individual loads, and can be used to easily determine the energy usage of loads that draw constant power in steady-state operation. Techniques for monitoring the power consumption of smoothly varying loads (e.g., variable speed drives) using spectral estimates are also discussed.
Microencapsulation Technology for Corrosion Mitigation by Smart Coatings (2013)

A multifunctional, smart coating for the autonomous control of corrosion is being developed based on micro-encapsulation technology. Corrosion indicators as well as corrosion inhibitors have been incorporated into microcapsules, blended into several paint systems, and tested for corrosion detection and protection effectiveness. This paper summarizes the development, optimization, and testing of microcapsules specifically designed to be incorporated into a smart coating that will deliver corrosion inhibitors to mitigate corrosion autonomously. Key words: smart coating, corrosion inhibition, microencapsulation, microcapsule, pH sensitive microcapsule, corrosion inhibitor, corrosion protection pain
Fabrication of antibacterial silicone composite by an antibacterial agent deposition, solution casting and crosslinking technique (2011)

Abstract The key problems faced in developing indwelling catheters are how to incorporate antibacterial agents into the substrate and how to improve the antibacterial effectiveness. In this study, an antibacterial composite coating layer is inversely in situ formed on the silicone substrate by a novel technique involving deposition of an antibacterial agent, solution casting and crosslinking of a silicone resin. The antibacterial particles were strongly bonded to the matrix silicone and evenly dispersed on the coating surface. Moreover, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis revealed the gradient distribution of the antibacterial agent, perpendicular to the composite surface. The co‐instantaneous crosslinking within the coating layer and polymer substrate as well as the graded structure formed lead to good adhesion between the two parts. The silicone composite shows a highly efficient antibacterial activity with no cytotoxicity to HL‐60 cells. Compared with the commonly used methods of incorporating antibacterial agents into the silicone substrate, such as multiple dip‐coating, surface grafting or simple blending, the proposed process is easily operated and is promising for forming a percutaneous or subcutaneous device with the capacity for efficient sterilization in an economical way. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of New Hot-welded Steel Pipe-making Process. (1991)

A new pipe making process was put into operation at the Kashima Steel Works in 1985. The features of this new pipe-making process are I ) high-temperature welding by use of a high-frequency induction welder, 2) removal of weld bead automatical]y by use of a specially designed bead-cutfing tool just after welding and 3) continuous reheating in the reheating furnace in preparation for the next process, namely stretch reducing.
.alpha.-Conotoxin EI, A New Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist with Novel Selectivity (1995)

We report the isolation and characterization of a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand. The toxin is an 18 amino acid peptide and is the first reported alpha-conotoxin from an Atlantic fish-hunting Conus. The peptide was purified from the venom of Conus ermineus and is called alpha-conotoxin EI. The sequence diverges from that of previously isolated alpha-conotoxins. We demonstrate that this structural divergence has functional consequences. In Torpedo nAChRs, alpha-conotoxin EI selectively binds the agonist site near the alpha/delta subunit interface in contrast to alpha-conotoxin MI which selectively targets the alpha/gamma agonist binding site. In mammalian nAChRs alpha-conotoxin EI shows high affinity for both the alpha/delta and alpha/gamma subunit interfaces (with some preference for the alpha/delta site), whereas alpha-conotoxin MI is highly selective for the alpha/delta ligand binding site. The sequence of the peptide is: Arg-Asp-Hyp-Cys-Cys-Tyr-His-Pro-Thr-Cys-Asn-Met-Ser-Asn-Pro-Gln-Ile-Cys- NH2, with disulfide bridging between Cys4-Cys10 and Cys5-Cys18, analogous to those of previously described alpha-conotoxins. This sequence has been verified by total chemical synthesis. Thus, alpha-conotoxin EI is a newly-available tool with unique structure and function for characterization of nAChRs.