gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep-promoting effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal men (1993)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) promotes rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in animals, but there is little direct evidence for a hypnogenic action of GHRH in humans. In the present study, the possible somnogenic effects of intravenous bolus injections of a dose of GHRH eliciting physiological elevations of GH secretion in healthy young men were investigated. GHRH (0.3 micrograms/kg body wt) was given in early sleep [i.e., 1st slow-wave (SW) period], late sleep (i.e., 3rd REM period), and early sleep after sleep deprivation until 0400 h (i.e., 1st SW period). In the absence of sleep deprivation, injection of GHRH in early sleep did not modify SW sleep but increased REM sleep. GHRH administration in the third REM period was followed by a marked decrease of wake and an almost 10-fold increase in SW sleep. When GHRH was administered during the first SW period after sleep deprivation until 0400 h, the duration of wake decreased. Thus GHRH has sleep-promoting effects in young adults, particularly when given at a time of decreased sleep propensity.
A Synthetic Supramolecular Receptor for the Hydrosulfide Anion (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has emerged as a crucial biomolecule in physiology and cellular signaling. Key challenges associated with developing new chemical tools for understanding the biological roles of H2 S include developing platforms that enable reversible binding of this important biomolecule. The first synthetic small molecule receptor for the hydrosulfide anion, HS(-) , using only reversible, hydrogen-bonding interactions in a series of bis(ethynylaniline) derivatives, is reported. Binding constants of up to 90 300±8700 m(-1) were obtained in MeCN. The fundamental science of reversible sulfide binding, in this case featuring a key CH⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond, will expand the possibility for discovery of sulfide protein targets and molecular recognition agents.
Speech enhancement and multi-band frequency compression for suppression of noise and intraspeech spectral masking in hearing aids (2013)

Sensorineural hearing impairment is associated with increased intraspeech spectral masking and results in degraded speech perception in noisy environment due to increased masking. Speech enhancement using spectral subtraction can be used for suppressing the external noise. Multiband frequency compression of the complex spectral samples has been reported to reduce the effects of increased intraspeech masking. A combination of these techniques is implemented for real-time processing for improving speech perception by persons with moderate sensorineural loss. For reducing computational complexity and memory requirement, spectral subtraction is carried out using a cascaded-median based estimation of the noise spectrum without voice activity detection. Multi-band frequency compression, based on auditory critical bandwidths, is carried out using fixed-frame processing along with least-squares error based signal estimation to reduce the processing delay. To reduce computational complexity the two processing stages share the FFT based analysis-synthesis. The processing is implemented and tested for satisfactory operation, with sampling frequency of 10 kHz, 25.6 ms window with 75% overlap, using a 16-bit fixed-point DSP processor. The real-time operation is achieved with signal delay of approximately 36 ms and using about one-third of the computing capacity of the processor.
Optimization of 3-(1<i>H</i>-Indazol-3-ylmethyl)-1,5-benzodiazepines as Potent, Orally Active CCK-A Agonists (1997)

We previously described a series of 3-(1H-indazol-3-ylmethyl)-1,5-benzodiazepine CCK-A agonists exemplified by compound 1 (GW 5823), which is the first reported binding selective CCK-A full agonist demonstrating oral efficacy in a rat feeding model. In this report we describe analogs of compound 1 designed to explore changes to the C3 and N1 pharmacophores and their effect on agonist activity and receptor selectivity. Agonist efficacy in this series was affected by stereoelectronic factors within the C3 moiety. Binding affinity for the CCK-A vs CCK-B receptor showed little dependence on the structure of the C3 moiety but was affected by the nature of the second substituent at C3. Structure-activity relationships at the N1-anilidoacetamide "trigger" moiety within the C3 indazole series were also investigated. Both agonist efficacy and binding affinity within this series were modulated by variation of substituents on the N1-anilidoacetamide moiety. Evaluation of several analogs in an vivo mouse gallbladder emptying assay revealed compound 1 to be the most potent and efficacious of all the analogs tested. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of 1 in rats is also discussed.
Real-time monocular image-based 6-DoF localization (2015)

In this paper we present a new real-time image-based localization method for scenes that have been reconstructed offline using structure from motion. From input video, our method continuously computes six-degree-of-freedom camera pose estimates by efficiently tracking natural features and matching them to 3D points reconstructed by structure from motion. Our main contribution lies in efficiently interleaving a fast keypoint tracker that uses inexpensive binary feature descriptors with a new approach for direct 2D-to-3D matching. Our 2D-to-3D matching scheme avoids the need for online extraction of scale-invariant features. Instead, offline we construct an indexed database containing multiple DAISY descriptors per 3D point extracted at multiple scales. The key to the efficiency of our method is invoking DAISY descriptor extraction and matching sparingly during localization, and in distributing this computation over a temporal window of successive frames. This enables the system to run in real-time and achieve low per-frame latency over long durations. Our algorithm runs at over 30 Hz on a laptop and at 12 Hz on a low-power computer suitable for onboard computation on a mobile robot such as a micro-aerial vehicle. We have evaluated our method using ground truth and present results on several challenging indoor and outdoor sequences.
Response assessment in <scp>W</scp>aldenström macroglobulinaemia: update from the <scp>VI</scp>th <scp>I</scp>nternational <scp>W</scp>orkshop (2012)

This report represents a further update of the consensus panel criteria for the assessment of clinical response in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM). These criteria have been updated in light of further data demonstrating an improvement in categorical responses with new drug regimens as well as acknowledgement of the fact that such responses are predictive of overall outcome. A number of key changes are proposed but challenges do however remain and these include the variability in kinetics of immunoglobulin M (IgM) reduction with different treatment modalities and the apparent discrepancy between IgM and bone marrow/tissue response noted with some regimens. Planned sequential bone marrow assessments are encouraged in clinical trials.
Latent Code and Text-based Generative Adversarial Networks for Soft-text Generation (2019)

Md. Akmal Haidar, Mehdi Rezagholizadeh, Alan Do Omri, Ahmad Rashid. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Assessment of a Wind Turbine Intelligent Controller for Enhanced Energy Production and Pollution Reduction (2001)

This study assessed the enhanced energy production which is possible when variable-speed wind turbines are electronically controlled by an intelligent controller for efficiency optimization and performance improvement. The control system consists of three fuzzy-logic controllers: a controller to track the turbine generator speed with wind speed to extract maximum output power; a controller to optimize the generator airgap flux for efficiency improvement; and a controller to provide robust speed control against wind gusts and oscillatory torque. The paper describes the control system which has been developed; pertinent laboratory-based results; and an estimate of the enhanced energy production that is possible when the device is installed on a wind turbine. Additionally, the overall enhanced wind energy potential for the USA as a whole is provided if this type of controller is widely installed on turbines in the future. Enhanced pollution offsets are given as based on the increased energy production possible with the controller.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in surface plasmon coupled emission microscope (2006)

Study of dynamics of single molecules by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) requires that the rate of photon detection per molecule be high, that the background be low, and that there be a large change in fluorescent signal associated with change in a position of a molecule. FCS applied to microscopic Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE) suggests a powerful method to meet those requirements. In this method, the observational volume is made shallow by placing a sample on a thin metal film and illuminating it with the laser beam at Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) angle through high numerical aperture objective. The illuminating light excites surface plasmons in the metal film that produce an evanescent wave on the aqueous side of the interface. The thickness of the detection volume is a product of evanescent wave penetration depth and distance-dependent fluorescence coupling to surface plasmons. It is further reduced by a metal quenching of excited fluorophores at a close proximity (below 10 nm) to a surface. The fluorescent light is emitted through the metal film only at an SPCE angle. Objective collects emitted light, and a confocal aperture inserted in its conjugate image plane reduces lateral dimensions of the detection volume to a fraction of a micrometer. By using diffusion of fluorescent microspheres, we show that SPCE-FCS is an efficient method to measure molecular diffusion and that on gold surface the height of the detection volume is ~35 nm.
Mobile accelerator: A new approach to improve TCP performance in mobile data networks (2011)

This paper investigates the performance of TCP in mobile data networks and proposes a novel approach to address the problem of optimizing transport protocol for these networks - a network-centric approach. We propose to realize protocol optimizations within the network by means of deploying a network-layer device - called a mobile accelerator, which performs protocol optimizations on-the-fly to improve transport protocol performance, without requiring any modification to the server or the client protocol implementations in the OS. Our extensive experiments conducted in production 3G/HSPA and LTE networks show that the proposed mobile accelerator can increase the throughput performance of TCP by over 200%. This mobile accelerator can be readily deployed in existing mobile data networks and can improve the network performance of all existing network applications running atop TCP.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of a human fusion construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing a modified granzyme B (2020)

GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 demonstrated excellent, specific cytotoxicity in vitro and impressive in vivo efficacy with no significant toxicity in normal murine models. These studies show GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 is an excellent candidate for further preclinical development.
Triggering of RNA Interference with RNA–RNA, RNA–DNA, and DNA–RNA Nanoparticles (2014)

Control over cellular delivery of different functionalities and their synchronized activation is a challenging task. We report several RNA and RNA/DNA-based nanoparticles designed to conditionally activate the RNA interference in various human cells. These nanoparticles allow precise control over their formulation, stability in blood serum, and activation of multiple functionalities. Importantly, interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation assays indicate the significantly lower responses for DNA nanoparticles compared to the RNA counterparts, suggesting greater potential of these molecules for therapeutic use.
Highly Efficient Light-Actuated Micromechanical Photonic Switch for Enhanced Functionality at Remote Nodes (1998)

Active lightwave circuits are typically powered by externa1 electrical sources, necessitating copper wire power delivery to terminal, repeater, and remote node sites.
Surface segmentation based on the luminance and color statistics of natural scenes (2002)

The luminance and color of surfaces in natural scenes are relatively independent under certain linear transformations, with the luminance of a surface providing little information about the color of that surface, and vice versa. However, differences in luminance between two locations in a natural scene remain strongly associated with differences in color. These statistics for color and luminance differences are not easily captured by correlation statistics or by independent components analysis, but Bayesian statistics capture these dependencies well. We used these spatio-chromatic statistics within natural scenes as the priors for a Bayesian model, with no free parameters, that decides whether or not two points within an image fall on the same surface. This model assumes that two pixels that fall on the same surface are likely to have the same luminance and color and two pixels that fall on different surfaces are likely to differ in both luminance and color. The performance of the model matched the segmentations made by observers, both using an image set based on natural scenes, and using a very different novel image set containing both natural and man-made environments. The generalization of our results to novel scenes is consistent with the notion that observers may use a fixed set of priors as a basis for image segmentation across different visual environments. One common difficulty with using Bayesian models to predict behavior is that estimating observers' priors often requires ad hoc assumptions, or choosing those priors that best predict observers' performance. In this case the appropriate prior could be estimated from the spatio-chromatic structure of natural scenes without reference to human performance, allowing a less ambiguous test of whether the algorithm is a good model for human judgments. Fine, I., MacLeod, D.I.A. & Boynton, G.M. (In press) Visual segmentation based on the luminance and chromaticity statistics of natural scenes. Bayesian and Statistical Approaches to Vision, JOSA.
Highly efficient XPW temporal contrast filter for ultra intense femtosecond pulses (2006)

We present a contrast filter reaching 12 orders of magnitude from micro to milliJoule input pulse with 24% efficiency. It solves contrast issue for Petawatt class lasers in microjoule seeded CPA or double CPA scheme.
Three-wave mixing with whispering-gallery modes tor electro-optic modulation and photonic reception (2002)

We demonstrate an electro-optic microwave modulator with milliWatt control power and a sub-microWatt photonic receiver based on triply-resonant three-wave mixing in high-Q toroidal lithium niobate cavities with whispering-gallery (WG) modes.
In-situ and ex-situ ellipsometric characterization for semiconductor technology (Invited Paper) (1992)

The ellipsometric technique has been around since the end of the last century. However, until the introduction of computers in the 1960s mainly nulling techniques were used. These were accurate, but extremely slow, and data analysis capabilities were limited. The use of personal computers permits rapid data acquisition and analysis. Thus the emphasis is now on ellipsometry for materials research and analysis. Ellipsometry is a unique tool in that it is totally non-destructive and can be performed in any ambient, including air, vacuum, high pressure, or liquid. In ellipsometry a polarized, collimated beam of monochromatic light is reflected at a preselected angle of incidence from the surface of a material, and the polarization state of the reflected beam is determined.1'2 For each wavelength and angle of incidence, one pair of numbers is obtained. These can be used to determine at most two materials parameters; such as the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric functions. Frequently, however, two or more variables are correlated and cannot be uniquely determined. This is an important caveat for ellipsometry: one always obtains numbers from the experiment, but they may not be correct. It is extremely important for the user to understand the basis of regression analysis, and the possibility for correlated variables when using ellipsometry for any new materials system.3 To minimize this possibility, multiple angles of incidence and wavelength are used to maximize sensitivity and uniquely determine parameter values. In general, ellipsometry determines the real and imaginary part of the optical dielectric function or equivalently the index of refraction and extinction coefficient. For filmed materials systems, one can potentially determine film thickness (with monolayer sensitivity), void fraction (density), alloy fraction, interfacial and/or surface roughness, and other microstructural properties.4 To do these sophisticated levels of microstructural materials analysis requires spectroscopic and variable angle measurements, in order to minimize correlation, increase sensitivity, and maximize total information obtained
Wave-front shaping in nonlinear multimode fibers (2017)

Recent remarkable progress in wave-front shaping has enabled control of light propagation inside linear media to focus and image through scattering objects. In particular, light propagation in multimode fibers comprises complex intermodal interactions and rich spatiotemporal dynamics. Control of physical phenomena in multimode fibers and its applications is in its infancy, opening opportunities to take advantage of complex mode interactions. In this work, we demonstrate a wave-front shaping approach for controlling nonlinear phenomena in multimode fibers. Using a spatial light modulator at the fiber input and a genetic algorithm optimization, we control a highly nonlinear stimulated Raman scattering cascade and its interplay with four wave mixing via a flexible implicit control on the superposition of modes that are coupled into the fiber. We show for the first time versatile spectrum manipulations including shifts, suppression, and enhancement of Stokes and anti-Stokes peaks. These demonstrations illustrate the power of wave-front shaping to control and optimize nonlinear wave propagation.
Identifying MiRNA and Imaging Features Associated with Metastasis of Lung Cancer to the Brain (2009)

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides that might impact regulatory mechanisms in cancer. Due to their influence on cell physiology, alteration of miRNA regulation can be implicated in carcinogenesis and disease progression. In general, one miRNA is predicted to regulate several hundred genes, and as a result, miRNA profiling could serve as a better classifier than gene expression profiling.More than 50% of brain metastasis (brain mets) are associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As miRNAs can regulate certain genes, the presence or absence of certain miRNA could lead to oncogene potential for brain mets. In this study, we combine validated miRNA expression values with imaging features to separate NSCLC brain mets from non-brain mets and identify biomarkers that may indicate possibility of brain mets. This research involves comprehensive miRNA expression profiling, validation of miRNA with qRT-PCR, correlation of miRNA with imaging features such as PET/CT and CT scan. Eleven statistically significant miRNA were identified and matched with imaging features to yield a class separation of brain mets and non-brain mets.
A Computational and Experimental Approach Reveals that the 5′-Proximal Region of the 5′-UTR has a Cis-Regulatory Signature Responsible for Heat Stress-Regulated mRNA Translation in Arabidopsis (2013)

Translation of specific plant mRNAs is differentially regulated under certain abiotic stress conditions such as heat, oxygen deprivation and dehydration. The majority of transcripts exhibit varying degrees of translational repression, whereas a subset of transcripts escape such repression and remain actively translated. The underlying mechanisms that mediate this control, and in particular the identities of the regulatory RNA elements involved, remain poorly understood. Using a combined computational and experimental approach, we identified a novel cis-regulatory element in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) that affects differential translation in response to heat stress (HS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. First, we selected a set of genes with distinct translational responses to HS, based on our previously reported genome-wide data regarding changes in polysome loading induced by HS in A. thaliana cultured cells. We evaluated the 5'-UTRs of these messages for their ability to mediate expression, when fused to reporter mRNAs, in protoplasts under HS. The data from the reporter assay and the nucleotide sequences of the 5'-UTRs tested were used to define regulatory elements in the 5'-UTRs, with the help of a partial least square (PLS) regression model. The computational analysis using PLS and subsequent experimental characterization of a series of 5'-UTR mutants provided evidence that the 5'-proximal sequence of the 5'-UTR is a primary and position-dependent determinant of 5'-UTR-mediated differential translation in response to HS. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanism underlying HS regulation of differential mRNA translation.
Glyceollin-Elicited Soy Protein Consumption Induces Distinct Transcriptional Effects As Compared to Standard Soy Protein (2011)

Glyceollins are stress-induced compounds in soybeans with bioactive properties distinct from parent soy isoflavones. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of dietary glyceollin-enriched and standard soy protein isolates and identify candidate target pathways of glyceollins on transcriptional profiles within mammary gland tissue. Thirty female postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were randomized to diets containing one of three protein sources for 3 weeks: (1) control casein/lactalbumin (C/L), (2) standard soy protein containing 194 mg/day isoflavones (SOY), and (3) glyceollin-enriched soy protein containing 189 mg/day isoflavones + 134 mg/day glyceollins (GLY). All diets contained a physiologic dose of estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day). All doses are expressed in human equivalents scaled by caloric intake. Relative to the control C/L diet, the GLY diet resulted in greater numbers of differentially regulated genes, which showed minimal overlap with those of SOY. Effects of GLY related primarily to pathways involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, adipocytokine expression, triglyceride synthesis, and lipase activity. Notable genes upregulated by the GLY diet included PPAR-γ, adiponectin, leptin, lipin 1, and lipoprotein lipase. The GLY diet also resulted in lower serum total cholesterol, specifically nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum triglycerides as compared to the C/L diet. No effects of GLY or SOY were seen on serum insulin, adipocytokines, or vascular and bone turnover markers. These preliminary findings suggest that glyceollin-enriched soy protein has divergent effects from standard soy with some specificity for adipocyte activity and nutrient metabolism.