gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Time-Resolution 640-Gb/s Clock Recovery Using Time-Domain Optical Fourier Transformation and Narrowband Optical Filter (2010)

We present a novel scheme for subharmonic clock recovery from an optical time-division-multiplexing signal using time-domain optical Fourier transformation and a narrowband optical filter. High-resolution 640-Gb/s clock recovery is successfully demonstrated with no pattern dependence. The clock recovery is also applied to a 640-Gb/s differential phase-shift-keying transmission, and error-free performance is achieved over 300 km.
Xenon-Enhanced Dual-Energy CT Lung Ventilation Imaging: Techniques and Clinical Applications (2014)

The functional evaluation of lung ventilation may be of great importance to patients with pulmonary disease. Many measures are used to assess pulmonary function, but the results are estimates of only global status rather than the regional distribution of disease. With the introduction of dual-energy CT, regional lung ventilation function can be assessed with inhaled xenon gas. This technique yields not only high-spatial-resolution anatomic information but also information about regional ventilation.
Low damping constant for Co2FeAl Heusler alloy films and its correlation with density of states (2009)

Gilbert damping for the epitaxial Co2FeAl Heusler alloy films was investigated. Gilbert damping constant for the films was evaluated by analyzing the data of ferromagnetic resonance measured at the frequency of 2–20 GHz. Gilbert damping constant for the film without annealing was rather large, while it decreased remarkably with postannealing. Gilbert damping constant for the film annealed at 600 °C was ≃0.001. These behavior of Gilbert damping constant can be well explained by the fact that the density of states calculated from first principles decreases with increasing the degree of B2 order.
Why Do Cultured Transplanted Myoblasts Die in Vivo? DNA Quantification Shows Enhanced Survival of Donor Male Myoblasts in Host Mice Depleted of CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> Cells or NK1.1 <sup>+</sup> Cells (2000)

Overcoming the massive and rapid death of injected donor myoblasts is the primary hurdle for successful myoblast transfer therapy (MTT), designed as a treatment for the lethal childhood myopathy Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The injection of male myoblasts into female host mice and quantification of surviving male DNA using the Y-chromosome-specific (Y1) probe allows the speed and extent of death of donor myoblasts to be determined. Cultured normal C57BL/10Sn male donor myoblasts were injected into untreated normal C57BL/10Sn and dystrophic mdx female host mice and analyzed by slot blots using a 32P-labeled Y1 probe. The amount of male DNA from donor myoblasts showed a remarkable decrease within minutes and by 1 h represented only about 10-18% of the 2.5 x 10(5) cells originally injected (designated 100%). This declined further over 1 week to approximately 1-4%. The host environment (normal or dystrophic) as well as the extent of passaging in tissue culture (early "P3" or late "P15-20" passage) made no difference to this result. Modulation of the host response by CD4+/CD8+ -depleting antibodies administered prior to injection of the cultured myoblasts dramatically enhanced donor myoblast survival in dystrophic mdx hosts (15-fold relative to untreated hosts after 1 week). NK1.1 depletion also dramatically enhanced donor myoblast survival in dystrophic mdx hosts (21-fold after 1 week) compared to untreated hosts. These results provide a strategic approach to enhance donor myoblast survival in clinical trials of MTT.
Imaging & Microscopy Welcomes New Advisors (2007)

The Imaging & Microscopy Advisory Board serves as a guardian for the journals scientific quality. In the most general term it is a sounding board and a conscience. The Imaging & Microscopy team is proud to introduce two new members of the advisory board:
Multilayer scaffold of electrospun PLA–PCL–collagen nanofibers as a dural substitute (2013)

Dural closure after the neurosurgery can prevent postoperative complications. Although many types of dural substitute have been developed, most of them lack functional and structural characteristics compared with the natural dura mater. In this study, we used electrospinning method to fabricate a multilayer scaffold to promote dural repair. The inner layer of the scaffold that faces the brain tissue is composed of poly-lactic acid (PLA) to reduce tissue adhesion. The middle layer of the scaffold is composed of poly-ɛ-caprolactone and PLA, which provides a watertight seal. The outer layer of the scaffold contains a large amount of collagen to promote cell attachment and proliferation. The results from in vitro study and an animal model have shown that this multilayer fibrous scaffold has sufficient mechanic strength and biochemical properties to enhance dural repair. Therefore, fabrication of scaffold with multiple functional and structural layers may provide a novel approach for tissue engineering.
Development of sodium fluoride PET response criteria for solid tumours (NAFCIST) in a clinical trial of radium-223 in osteosarcoma: from RECIST to PERCIST to NAFCIST (2019)

Our results indicate that Na<sup>18</sup>F PET should be further studied in osteosarcoma staging. NAFCIST may be a promising criteria for high-risk osteosarcoma response evaluation and correlates with survival. Further validation studies are needed.
Cleavage specificity of purified recombinant hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase on natural substrates (1995)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) 3C proteinase expressed in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity, and its cleavage specificity towards various parts of the viral polyprotein was analyzed. Intermolecular cleavage of the P2-P3 domain of the HAV polyprotein gave rise to proteins 2A, 2B, 2C, 3ABC, and 3D, suggesting that in addition to the primary cleavage site, all secondary sites within P2 as well as the 3C/3D junction are cleaved by 3C. 3C-mediated processing of the P1-P2 precursor liberated 2A and 2BC, in addition to the structural proteins VP0, VP3, and VP1-2A and the respective intermediate products. A clear dependence on proteinase concentration was found for most cleavage sites, possibly reflecting the cleavage site preference of 3C. The most efficient cleavage occurred at the 2A/2B and 2C/3A junctions. The electrophoretic mobility of processing product 2B, as well as cleavage of the synthetic peptide KGLFSQ*AKISLFYT, suggests that the 2A/2B junction is located at amino acid position 836/837 of the HAV polyprotein. Furthermore, using suitable substrates we obtained evidence that sites VP3/VP1 and VP1/2A are alternatively processed by 3C, leading to either VP1-2A or to P1 and 2A. The results with regard to intermolecular cleavage by purified 3C were confirmed by the product pattern derived from cell-free expression and intramolecular processing of the entire polyprotein. We therefore propose that polyprotein processing of HAV relies on 3C as the single proteinase, possibly assisted by as-yet-undetermined viral or host cell factors and presumably controlled in a concentration-dependent fashion.
Do Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Multiple Sclerosis Share Common Mechanisms of White Matter Injury? (2019)

Background and Purpose- The role of inflammation in ischemic white matter disease is increasingly recognized, and further understanding of the pathophysiology might inform future treatment strategies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which inflammation plays a central role that also affects the white matter. We hypothesized that white matter injury might share common mechanisms and used statistical genetics techniques to assess whether having genetically elevated white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume was associated with increased MS risk. Methods- We investigated the genetic association in 2 cohorts with magnetic resonance imaging-quantified ischemic white matter lesion volume (WMH in stroke; n=2797 and UK Biobank; n=8353) and 14 802 cases of MS and 26 703 controls from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. We further performed individual-level polygenic risk score calculations for MS and measures of structural white matter disease in UK Biobank. Finally, we looked for evidence of overlapping risk across the whole genome. Results- There was no association of genetic variants influencing MS with WMH volume using summary statistics in the WMH in stroke cohort (relative risk score =1.014; 95% CI, 0.936-1.110) or in the UK Biobank cohort (relative risk score =1.030; 95% CI, 0.932-1.117). Conversely, assessing the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with WMH on the risk of MS there was no significant association (relative risk score =0.930; 95% CI, 0.736-1.191). There were no significant associations between polygenic risk scores calculations; these results were robust to the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms at a range of significance thresholds. Whole genome analysis did not reveal any overlap of risk between the traits. Conclusions- Our results do not provide evidence to suggest a shared mechanism of white matter damage in ischemia and MS. We propose that inflammation acts in distinct pathways because of the differing nature of the primary insult.
The VWFA Is the Home of Orthographic Learning When Houses Are Used as Letters (2019)

Learning to read specializes a portion of the left mid-fusiform cortex for printed word recognition, the putative visual word form area (VWFA). This study examined whether a VWFA specialized for English is sufficiently malleable to support learning a perceptually atypical second writing system. The study utilized an artificial orthography, HouseFont, in which house images represent English phonemes. House images elicit category-biased activation in a spatially distinct brain region, the so-called parahippocampal place area (PPA). Using house images as letters made it possible to test whether the capacity for learning a second writing system involves neural territory that supports reading in the first writing system, or neural territory tuned for the visual features of the new orthography. Twelve human adults completed two weeks of training to establish basic HouseFont reading proficiency and underwent functional neuroimaging pre and post-training. Analysis of three functionally defined regions of interest (ROIs), the VWFA, and left and right PPA, found significant pre-training versus post-training increases in response to HouseFont words only in the VWFA. Analysis of the relationship between the behavioral and neural data found that activation changes from pre-training to post-training within the VWFA predicted HouseFont reading speed. These results demonstrate that learning a new orthography utilizes neural territory previously specialized by the acquisition of a native writing system. Further, they suggest VWFA engagement is driven by orthographic functionality and not the visual characteristics of graphemes, which informs the broader debate about the nature of category-specialized areas in visual association cortex.
Advances in Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Isolation, Characterization, and Application in Regenerative Tissue Engineering (2016)

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that has been extensively researched in recent times. Obesity is characterized by excess deposition of adipose tissue in response to surplus energy. Despite the negative connotations of adipose tissue (AT), it serves as a critical endocrine organ. Adipose tissue is a source of several adipokines and cytokines which have been deemed important for both normal metabolic function and disease formation. The discoveries of metabolically active brown AT in adult humans and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) have been key findings in the past decade with potential therapeutic implications. ADSCs represent an enticing pool of multipotent adult stem cells because of their noncontroversial nature, relative abundance, ease of isolation, and expandability. A decade and a half since the discovery of ADSCs, the scientific community is still working to uncover their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent developments in the field of ADSCs and examine their potential use in transplantation and cell-based therapies for the regeneration of diseased organs and systems. We also hope to provide perspective on how to best utilize this readily available, powerful pool of stem cells in the future.
Microbial Biosensors: Engineered Microorganisms as the Sensing Machinery (2013)

Whole-cell biosensors are a good alternative to enzyme-based biosensors since they offer the benefits of low cost and improved stability. In recent years, live cells have been employed as biosensors for a wide range of targets. In this review, we will focus on the use of microorganisms that are genetically modified with the desirable outputs in order to improve the biosensor performance. Different methodologies based on genetic/protein engineering and synthetic biology to construct microorganisms with the required signal outputs, sensitivity, and selectivity will be discussed.
Backfolding of Wormlike Chains Confined in Nanochannels (2014)

Using pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) simulations of a discrete wormlike chain model, we provide compelling evidence in support of Odijk’s prediction of two distinct Odijk regimes for a long wormlike chain confined in a nanochannel. In both cases, the chain of persistence length lp is renormalized into a series of deflection segments of characteristic length D2/3lp1/3, where D is the channel size. In the first (classic) Odijk regime, these deflection segments are linearly ordered. In the second Odijk regime, thin, long wormlike chains can backfold at a length scale quantified by the global persistence length. We have measured this quantity by simulations and modified Odijk’s global persistence length theory to account for thermal fluctuations. The global persistence length, which is defined to be independent of the effect of excluded volume, provides the requisite closure to Odijk’s scaling theory for the second regime and thus allows us to resolve much of the confusion surrounding the so-called “transition” regime for DNA confined in a nanochannel. We show that Odijk’s theory for the backfolded regime correctly describes both the average chain extension and the variance about this extension for wormlike chains in channel sizes between the classic Odijk regime and the de Gennes blob regimes, with our data spanning several decades in terms of Odijk’s scaling parameter ξ. Although the backfolded Odijk regime occupies a very narrow range of D/lp, it is indeed a regime when viewed in terms of ξ and grows in size with increasing monomer anisotropy.
Lysis of Escherichia coli by Cloned  X174 Gene E Depends on its Expression (1985)

The lysis gene E of bacteriophage phi X174 was cloned under transcriptional control of the lefthanded lambda promoter, giving rise to plasmid pSB12. Plasmid pSB22, identical to pSB12 except for an amber mutation in gene E, was constructed in the same way. Induction of the cloned wild-type gene by heat inactivation of the thermosensitive lambda cI857 repressor resulted in lysis of the host bacteria. With plasmid pSB22 only amber suppressor strains of Escherichia coli lysed after heat inactivation of lambda cI857. Lysis of E. coli was shown to depend on the rate of gene E translation and on the growth phase of the bacteria. Stationary cells could not be lysed by the gene E product (gpE), even if present in sufficient amounts to lyse growing cells. By isotopic labelling gpE could be detected among the proteins synthesized in normal E. coli as well as in minicells. Determination of gene E expression suggested that gpE synthesis is translationally regulated.
A variable structure control for electrohydraulic position servo systems with a nonlinear plant model (1991)

Abstract In this paper we have developed a nonlinear plant model for electrohydraulic servo systems subject to parameter variations and external disturbances. The proposed variable structure control method for the nonlinear plant model satisfies the global sliding condition and provides a simple way to control the system response, including the hitting response. The simulation results demonstrate that fast response without overshoot can be easily obtained. Also, the design procedure is simple and straightforward.
Network Programming for Microsoft Windows with Cdrom (2002)

From the Publisher:
This updated edition provides the latest information about how to write applications that take advantage of the advanced networking protocols and technologies that Microsoft Windows XP supportsInternet Protocol (IP) versions 4 and 6, Pragmatic General Multicasting (PGM) protocol, Internet Group Management Protocol 3 (IGMPv3), IPv6 multicasting, the Network Location Awareness (NLA) namespace provider, the Winsock Provider Interface, 64-bit Winsock APIs, and Microsoft .NET. The book includes code samples in the Microsoft Visual Basic®, Microsoft Visual C++®, and Microsoft Visual C# development systems.

The clear, concise, authoritative guide to writing high-performance, scalable Winsock applications using Microsoft's networking APIs plus IPv4 and IPv6 Internet protocols.


* Discusses Winsock APIs and earlier versions of Windows networking APIs, plus advanced features of Winsock Direct for building massive, datacenter-scale applications

* Dissects IPv4 and IPv6 protocolswith code samples and performance comparisonsalong with new IP multicasting features such as the PGM, IGMPv3 and ICMP6 protocols

* Looks at advanced features of Winsock Direct for building large, datacenter scale applications, plus important networking facilities built into Microsoft Visual C#
TimeSeriesPaths : Projection-Based Explorative Analysis of Multivariate Time Series Data (2012)

The analysis of time-dependent data is an important problem in many application domains, and interactive visualization of time-series data can help in understanding patterns in large time series data. Many effective approaches already exist for visual analysis of univariate time series supporting tasks such as assessment of data quality, detection of outliers, or identification of periodically or frequently occurring patterns. However, much fewer approaches exist which support multivariate time series. The existence of multiple values per time stamp makes the analysis task per se harder, and existing visualization techniques often do not scale well. We introduce an approach for visual analysis of large multivariate time-dependent data, based on the idea of projecting multivariate measurements to a 2D display, visualizing the time dimension by trajectories. We use visual data aggregation metaphors based on grouping of similar data elements to scale with multivariate time series. Aggregation procedures can either be based on statistical properties of the data or on data clustering routines. Appropriately defined user controls allow to navigate and explore the data and interactively steer the parameters of the data aggregation to enhance data analysis. We present an implementation of our approach and apply it on a comprehensive data set from the field of earth observation, demonstrating the applicability and usefulness of our approach.
Long-Term Effects of FloSeal<sup>™</sup> Packing After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (2005)

FS appears to be associated with scar tissue formation and may be incorporated into recovering mucosa. Use of FS may increase the degree of postoperative care required after ESS.
Thresholds for thermal damage to normal tissues: An update (2011)

The purpose of this review is to summarise a literature survey on thermal thresholds for tissue damage. This review covers published literature for the consecutive years from 2002-2009. The first review on this subject was published in 2003. It included an extensive discussion of how to use thermal dosimetric principles to normalise all time-temperature data histories to a common format. This review utilises those same principles to address sensitivity of a variety of tissues, but with particular emphasis on brain and testis. The review includes new data on tissues that were not included in the original review. Several important observations have come from this review. First, a large proportion of the papers examined for this review were discarded because time-temperature history at the site of thermal damage assessment was not recorded. It is strongly recommended that future research on this subject include such data. Second, very little data is available examining chronic consequences of thermal exposure. On a related point, the time of assessment of damage after exposure is critically important for assessing whether damage is transient or permanent. Additionally, virtually no data are available for repeated thermal exposures which may occur in certain recreational or occupational activities. For purposes of regulatory guidelines, both acute and lasting effects of thermal damage should be considered.
Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated n-6 Fatty Acid–Enriched Diets Modify LDL Oxidation and Decrease Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cell DNA Synthesis (1997)

Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of diets differing in fatty acid composition on human coronary SMC entry in the cell proliferation cycle. Twenty-four healthy men and women were placed on four consecutive diets lasting 5 weeks each: (1) saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet with palm oil; (2) monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet with olive oil; (3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6-rich diet with sunflower oil; and (4) PUFA n-3-rich diet (3.8 g/d). All diets supplied 35% of calories as fat. Compared with the SFA diet, all unsaturated diets reduced LDL cholesterol. Resistance of LDL to oxidative modification was significantly increased during the MUFA period (P < .05). Human coronary SMCs were cultured and induced by sera derived from the different groups. 3H-Thymidine incorporation into doubling DNA was significantly (P < .01) reduced during the MUFA and PUFA n-6 periods but not during the PUFA n-3 diet with respect to the SFA diet. This effect was more pronounced in women than in men. In conclusion, the MUFA-enriched diet reduced SMC DNA synthesis and LDL levels and protected LDL from oxidation. Therefore, these combined effects suggest that an oleic acid-rich Mediterranean diet could be better than PUFA (n-6)- or PUFA (n-3)-rich diets in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Towards Clinical Application of Methylated DNA Sequences as Cancer Biomarkers: A Joint NCI's EDRN and NIST Workshop on Standards, Methods, Assays, Reagents and Tools (2007)

The workshop report, entitled Towards Clinical Application of Methylated DNA Sequences as Cancer Biomarkers: A Joint National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network and National Institute of Standards and Technology Workshop, presents a summary of the main issues, current challenges, outcomes, and recommendations toward application of methylated DNA sequences as cancer biomarkers.