gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of thermal fiber annealing on the temperature compensation of interferometric fiber-optic current sensors (2012)

In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study on how thermal fiber annealing influences the temperature dependence of the interferometric fiber-optic current sensor. Such sensors measure the current-induced phase shift (Faraday effect) between left and right circularly polarized light waves in a reflective fiber coil around the current conductor. The fiber-optic phase retarder at the coil entrance that generates the (nearly) circular light waves may also serve to compensate for the temperature dependence of the Faraday effect. Thermal annealing serves to remove disturbing bend-induced fiber birefringence in the sensing coil - but it can also affect the retarder parameters. We investigate, to our knowledge for the first time, how thermal annealing affects the optical phase retardation and its temperature dependence of elliptical-core fiber retarders and show how the retarder parameters must be set prior to annealing in order to achieve a temperature-independent sensor after annealing.
Advances in mode-locked semiconductor disk lasers (2013)

NonLinear Microscopy techniques, such as Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence and Second Harmonic Generation provide advantages over conventional Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. A key element in a NonLinear Microscope is an ultrafast laser which produces short pulses with the high intensities needed for exciting nonlinear processes. Semiconductor Disk Lasers potentially offer an alternative to expensive Ti:Sapphire lasers. The reported 200MHz operation of a modelocked Semiconductor Disk laser is to our knowledge the lowest repetition rate as yet demonstrated.
Monoclonal antibodies against human abnormal (des-gamma-carboxy)prothrombin specific for the calcium-free conformer of prothrombin. (1984)

A monoclonal antibody JO1 X 1 was prepared against human abnormal prothrombin using the hybridoma technique. The clone secreting this antibody was selected on the basis of the ability of this antibody to bind to abnormal prothrombin, but not to prothrombin, in the presence of calcium ions. The antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography in EDTA on columns of prothrombin-Sepharose. Bound antibodies were eluted with 15 mM CaCl2. The kinetics of dissociation of antibody from the antibody-prothrombin complex with the addition of calcium ions fit a first-order kinetic model. Increasing CaCl2 concentration increased the rate of antibody-prothrombin dissociation. Ca(II) and Mn(II) inhibited antibody-prothrombin interaction; half-maximal binding was observed at 0.9 and 4 mM, respectively. Mg(II) had little effect on antibody-antigen interaction. The JO1 X 1 antibody bound fragment 1, fragment (1-39), abnormal prothrombin, and prothrombin equivalently in the presence of EDTA, but did not bind to des(1-44)prothrombin in the presence of EDTA or prothrombin in the presence of CaCl2. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibody JO1 X 1 is conformation specific for the calcium-free conformer of prothrombin and directed against an antigenic determinant near the NH2 terminus of prothrombin expressed in the 1-39 region of the protein. This analysis provides confirmation of the presence of a metal-free conformer of prothrombin.
SERS gene probe for DNA diagnostics (2003)

We describe the development of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering gene (SERGen) probe technology for rapid screening for diseases and pathogens through DNA hybridization assays. The technology combines the use of gene probes labeled with SERS-active markers, and nanostructured metallic platforms for inducing the SERS effect. As a
result, SERGen-based methods can offer the spectral selectivity and sensitivity of SERS as well as the molecular specificity of DNA sequence hybridization. Furthermore, these new probe s preclude the use of radioactive labels. As illustrated herein, SERGen probes have been used as primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications of specific DNA sequences, hence further boosting the sensitivity of the technology. We also describe several approaches to developing SERS-active DNA assay platforms, addressing the challenges of making the SERGen technology accessible and practical for clinical settings. The usefulness of the SERGen approach has been demonstrated in the detection of HIV, BRCA1 breast cancer, and BAX genes. There is great potential for the use of numerous SERGen probes for multiplexed
detection of multiple biological targets.
Multilayer Holographic Storage Using Coaxial Optical Systems (2008)

We propose the multilayer recording of shift-multiplexed holograms with a coaxial transmission-type configuration, which can effectively utilize the recording medium in the thickness direction. In this method, two shift-multiplexing layers are formed in a single recording layer, in which the focal point of the Fourier transform lens lies in two interfaces between the recording material and the substrates. We confirmed experimentally that this dual-focusing method improved the error rate of the data by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, four-layer recording in a double-layered medium was successfully demonstrated, which enabled the areal data density to increase by a factor of four.
Design of RFID tag antennas using an inductively coupled feed (2005)

An inductively coupled feed method is explored to design UHF radio frequency identification tag antennas. An analytical model for the proposed feed structure is derived and used to perform simple and wideband impedance match between an antenna and a tag chip without any additional matching networks. The proposed design methodology is verified by comparing the calculations and measurements, which show good agreement.
Monoclonal antibodies to human vitamin D-binding protein. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies to vitamin D-binding protein isolated from human serum have been produced. The antibodies obtained have been shown to be specific for human vitamin D-binding protein by three independent assays. The antibodies recognize human vitamin D-binding protein specifically in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human vitamin D-binding protein is detected specifically in both pure and crude samples by a radiometric immunosorbent assay (RISA) and by an immunoprecipitation assay. The anti-human vitamin D-binding protein antibodies cross-react with monkey and pig vitamin D-binding protein, but not with vitamin D-binding protein from rat, mouse, or chicken, as determined by the RISA and immunoprecipitation assays.
Polymer/Pristine Graphene Based Composites: From Emulsions to Strong, Electrically Conducting Foams (2015)

The unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene make it a perfect candidate for applications in graphene/graphite based polymer composites, yet challenges due to the lack of solubility of pristine graphene/graphite in water and common organic solvents have limited its practical utilization. Here we report a scalable and environmentally friendly technique to form water-in-oil type emulsions stabilized by overlapping pristine graphene sheets, enabling the synthesis of open cell foams containing a continuous graphitic network. Our approach utilizes the insolubility of graphene/graphite in both water and organic solvents and so does not require oxidation, reduction, surfactants, high boiling solvents, chemical functionalization, or the input of large amounts of mechanical energy or heat. At the heart of our technique is the strong attraction of graphene to high-energy oil and water interfaces. This allows for the creation of stable water-in-oil emulsions with controlled droplet size and overlapping graphene sheets playing the role of surfactant by covering the droplet surface and stabilizing the interfaces with a thin graphitic skin. These emulsions are used as templates for the synthesis of open cell foams with densities below 0.35 g/cm3 that exhibit remarkable mechanical and electrical properties including compressive moduli up to ∼100 MPa, compressive strengths of over 8.3 MPa (1200 psi), and bulk conductivities approaching 7 S/m.
Method for forming microspheres for encapsulation of nuclear waste. [Patent application] (1982)

Microspheres for nuclear waste storage are formed by gelling droplets containing the waste in a gelation fluid, transferring the gelled droplets to a furnace without the washing step previously used, and heating the unwashed gelled droplets in the furnace under temperature or humidity conditions that result in a substantially linear rate of removal of volatile components therefrom. Fuel particles were also produced using this method.
TB vaccines: current status and future perspectives (2009)

Vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis need to induce strong cellular immune responses. Antigen discovery programs have exploited this and used proteome studies and T-cell recognition in PPD-positive individuals to select proteins and after testing for protective efficacy in animals the most promising proteins have been put together in fusion molecules. Three such fusion proteins are currently in clinical trials, the two most advanced have already passed phase I trials and are entering phase II.
Double-implanted GaAs complementary JFET's (1984)

The fabrication and performance characteristics of double-implanted GaAs complementary junction field-effect transistors (JFET's) suitable for low-power digital integrated circuit applications are described. Effective mobilities for the n-channel enhancement-mode JFET are 3500 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s and for the p-channel 300 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s. Experimental results of an ultra-low-power static RAM are presented.
Sync-MS: synchronized messaging service for real-time multi-player distributed games (2003)

Real-time online multi-player games are becoming increasingly popular due to advances in game design and the proliferation of broadband Internet access. However, fairness remains a major challenge when players over large geographic areas participate in a client-server based game together. The paper proposes a game-independent, network-based service, called Sync-MS, that balances the trade-off between response time and fairness. Sync-MS uses two mechanisms, sync-out and sync-in, to address state update fairness and player action fairness, respectively. Two metrics, ahead and behind, measured against the fair order, are defined to-evaluate Sync-MS's fairness performance. Simulation results show that Sync-MS dramatically improves player action fairness for all players while it slightly increases the average response time for players with shorter network delay to the game server.
Acrylic Acid Synthesis from Lactide in a Continuous Liquid-Phase Process (2019)

Synthesis of bulk chemicals from biogenic resources is gaining increasing interest in industry and academia. In the present study, we demonstrate the continuous production of acrylic acid (AA) from biogenic lactide in a liquid-phase reaction using the ionic liquid tetrabutylphosphonium bromide as reaction medium and 2-bromopropionic acid as acid catalyst precursor. We here present a first continuous setup for AA production from LA derivatives in the liquid phase on a 10 L scale. The process operates at 200 °C and leads to AA yields of 72% in industrially relevant space–time–yields of up to 50 g/(h·L). We demonstrate continuous operation over 6 h time-on-stream, efficient product isolation and successful catalyst recycling.
A 15-b 1-Msample/s digitally self-calibrated pipeline ADC (1993)

A 15-b 1-Msample/s digitally self-calibrated pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. A radix 1.93, 1 b per stage design is employed. The digital self-calibration accounts for capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, charge injection, finite op-amp gain, and capacitor nonlinearity contributing to DNL. A THD of -90 dB was measured with a 9.8756-kHz sine-wave input. The DNL was measured to be within +or-0.25 LSB at 15 b, and the INL was measured to be within +or-1.25 LSB at 15 b. The die area is 9.3 mm*8.3 mm and operates on +or-4-V power supply with 1.8-W power dissipation. The ADC is fabricated in an 11-V, 4-GHz, 2.4- mu m BiCMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulating the Cochlear Apex Without Longer Electrodes: Preliminary Results With a New Approach (2022)

The new surgical approach and clinical fitting are feasible. A lower pitch is perceived when using the apically placed electrode as a ground relative to stimulation using an extracochlear ground (i.e., monopolar mode), suggesting that stimulation can be provided more apically without the use of a longer electrode array. Further work is required to determine potential improvements in outcomes and optimal signal processing for the new approach.
A normalized least mean fourth algorithm with improved stability (2010)

The paper presents a new normalized least mean fourth (NLMF) algorithm. The algorithm is derived through the minimization of the mean fourth normalized estimation error. The main advantage of the algorithm with respect to the available NLMF algorithms is that it remains stable as the input power of the adaptive filter increases. A stability step size bound of the proposed algorithm is derived. The step size bound depends on the weight initialization, while it does not depend on the input power of the adaptive filter. Simulation results support the analytical results of the paper.
In Situ Strategy to Encapsulate Antibiotics in a Bioinspired CaCO<sub>3</sub> Structure Enabling pH-Sensitive Drug Release Apt for Therapeutic and Imaging Applications (2016)

Herein we demonstrate a bioinspired method involving macromolecular assembly of anionic polypeptide with cationic peptide-oligomer that allows for in situ encapsulation of antibiotics like tetracycline in CaCO3 microstructure. In a single step one-pot process, the encapsulation of the drug occurs under desirable environmentally benign conditions resulting in drug loaded CaCO3 microspheres. While this tetracycline-loaded sample exhibits pH dependent in vitro drug-release profile and excellent antibacterial activity, the encapsulated drug or the dye-conjugated peptide emits fluorescence suitable for optical imaging and detection, thereby making it a multitasking material. The efficacy of tetracycline loaded calcium carbonate microspheres as pH dependent drug delivery vehicles is further substantiated by performing cell viability experiments using normal and cancer cell lines (in vitro). Interestingly, the pH-dependent drug release enables selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines as compared to the normal cells, thus having the potential for further development of therapeutic applications.
Trading Inversions for Multiplications in Elliptic Curve Cryptography. (2003)

Abstract. Recently, Eisenträger et al. proposed a very elegant method for speeding up scalar multiplication on elliptic curves. Their method relies on improved formulas for evaluating S = (2P + Q) from given points P and Q on an elliptic curve. Compared to the naive approach, the improved formulas save a field multiplication each time the operation is performed. This paper proposes a variant which is faster whenever a field inversion is more expensive than six field multiplications. We also give an improvement when tripling a point, and present a ternary/binary method to perform efficient scalar multiplication.
Biomolecular models of EPI-X4 binding to CXCR4 allow the rational optimization of peptides with therapeutic potential (2020)

ABSTRACT The Endogenous Peptide Inhibitor of CXCR4 (EPI-X4) is a body-own fragment of albumin and specific antagonist of the CXC-motif-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). CXCR4 signaling is induced by its sole chemokine ligand CXCL12 and is involved in a plethora of functions including cell homing, differentiation, survival and angiogenesis. Consequently, dysregulation of CXCR4 is involved in a variety of disorders, such as cancer or inflammatory diseases, making CXCR4 an attractive drug target. EPI-X4 and derivatives with increased CXCR4 binding affinities represent promising leads as CXCR4 antagonists and have shown therapeutic activity in mouse models of inflammatory diseases. However, it is currently unclear how EPI-X4 and its derivatives interact with CXCR4. Here, by combining biomolecular simulations with experimental mutagenesis and activity studies we investigated the binding behavior of EPI-X4 to CXCR4 at the molecular level. Our work allowed us to show that the EPI-X4 peptide interacts primarily in the minor pocket of CXCR4 through its N-terminal residues. The biomolecular interactions highlighted by the computational studies are in good agreement with the experimental mutagenesis data. Moreover, we found that the N-terminal seven amino-acids of EPI-X4 (a 16-mer) and its improved derivatives (12-mers) are sufficient for CXCR4 binding, which led to the development of shorter leads with optimized CXCR4 antagonizing properties. Collectively, we here established how EPI-X4 binds to its receptor and used this knowledge for rational drug design. The new peptide variants developed by us are more potent in terms of inhibiting CXCR4-downstream signaling and cancer cell migration, without toxic effects.
Discovery of Orally Bioavailable Chromone Derivatives as Potent and Selective BRD4 Inhibitors: Scaffold Hopping, Optimization, and Pharmacological Evaluation (2020)

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) represents a promising drug target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel chromone derivatives via scaffold hopping to discover a new class of orally bioavailable BRD4-selective inhibitors. Two potent BRD4 bromodomain 1 (BD1)-selective inhibitors <b>44</b> (ZL0513) and <b>45</b> (ZL0516) have been discovered with high binding affinity (IC<sub>50</sub> values of 67-84 nM) and good selectivity over other BRD family proteins and distant BD-containing proteins. Both compounds significantly inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor-induced inflammatory genes in vitro and airway inflammation in murine models. The cocrystal structure of <b>45</b> in complex with human BRD4 BD1 at a high resolution of 2.0 Å has been solved, offering a solid structural basis for its binding validation and further structure-based optimization. These BRD4 BD1 inhibitors demonstrated impressive in vivo efficacy and overall promising pharmacokinetic properties, indicating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
CSG proximity detection enhancement using out-of-band radio of Home NodeB (2012)

3GPP Release 9 has introduced a proximity detection feature where the User Equipment (UE) when so configured is able to determine its proximity to a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) or hybrid cell. The proximity is determined for CSG or hybrid cells whose CSG Identity (CSG ID) is in the UE's CSG whitelist. The UE sends an “entering” or “leaving” proximity indication to the Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) whenever it is entering or leaving respectively the proximity of one or more such cells. This helps the network to take the necessary actions for handover preparation viz. configure or take away handover measurements at the UE. The proximity detection feature is based on UE implementation and this paper proposes a macro cell based fingerprint method for proximity detection. This method offers reliable triggering of proximity indication but may not be very precise. Additionally an enhanced method is proposed using the out-of-band (OOB) radio integrated with the Home NodeB (HNB). In the enhanced method, OOB equipped UEs start searching for the HNB over the OOB link when the macro cell based fingerprint match occurs and “entering” proximity indication is sent only after the HNB is detected over the OOB link. The enhanced method offers higher precision and better network performance due to less measurement gaps being configured.
<title>Calibration and validation of freehand 3D ultrasound systems based on DC magnetic tracking</title> (1998)

A new method for calibrating a free-hand 3D ultrasound system based on a DC magnetic tracking position sensor is presented. The method uses a linear affine transformation for registering the individual 2D US images in the position sensor's reference coordinate system. The affine transformation allows for automatic scaling of the digitized ultrasound image in physical dimensions. We have also introduced a spherical tissue-mimicking phantom to facilitate the calibration procedure. The system's calibration was validated in a clinical setting by determining its precision in localizing a single point and its accuracy in measuring distances and volumes. Precision in localizing a point was consistently below 1.9 mm (rms error). The bias in distance measurements was 0.06 mm and the standard deviation was 0.75 mm. The accuracy of measuring volumes for a one-pass can was below 1% whereas for multiple pass scans it was below 4%. Furthermore, the performance of the DC magnetic tracking system was tested separately from the ultrasound scanner. We conclude that the ultrasound scanner rather than the position sensor is the limiting factor in the geometric accuracy of the 3D US system.
Automatic Curation of Sports Highlights Using Multimodal Excitement Features (2018)

The production of sports highlight packages summarizing a game's most exciting moments is an essential task for broadcast media. Yet, it requires labor-intensive video editing. We propose a novel approach for auto-curating sports highlights, and demonstrate it to create a first of a kind, real-world system for the editorial aid of golf and tennis highlight reels. Our method fuses information from the players’ reactions (action recognition such as high-fives and fist pumps), players’ expressions (aggressive, tense, smiling, and neutral), spectators (crowd cheering), commentator (tone of the voice and word analysis), and game analytics to determine the most interesting moments of a game. We accurately identify the start and end frames of key shot highlights with additional metadata, such as the player's name and the whole number, or analysts input allowing personalized content summarization and retrieval. In addition, we introduce new techniques for learning our classifiers with reduced manual training data annotation by exploiting the correlation of different modalities. Our work has been demonstrated at a major golf tournament (2017 Masters) and two major international tennis tournaments (2017 Wimbledon and U.S. Open), successfully extracting highlights through the course of the sporting events. For the 2017 Masters, 54% of the clips selected by our system overlapped with the official highlights reels. Furthermore, user studies showed that 90% of the non-overlapping ones were of the same quality of the official clips for the 2017 Masters, while the automatic selection of clips for highlights of 2017 Wimbledon and 2017 US Open agreed with human preferences 80% and 84.2% of the time, respectively.
Magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (1988)

The magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is a concept for producing very high-power microwave pulses. It is based on the relativistic flow of electrons in a magnetically insulated transmission line on which a slow wave structure, typically thin metal vanes, has been imposed. Its geometry is similar to that of a linear magnetron or crossed-field amplifier. In the MILO, however, the magnetic field which insulates the diode is produced by the electron flow itself rather than being imposed by external coils. This eliminates the need to match the applied voltage to the magnetic field. Because both the insulating magnetic field and accelerating voltage are produced by the same source, the device can be run at high voltages without electrical breakdown.