gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proposal of MUB (Meshing Under Base-circle) Theory for Worm Wheel Installed in EPS (2013)

We have been investigating small and high-strengthened single threaded worm gear. Previous our studies have shown that reducing thickness of worm tooth on addendum face enlarges elastic deformation of worm wheel. This proposed profile has advantages on improving contact ratio, gear efficiency, strength against impact force and fluctuation in torque. Though we have modified the profile of worm, we have not reported on a profile of worm wheel. In this paper, we propose the MUB theory that new profile of worm wheel improve contact ratio without increasing tip diameter of worm wheel. At first, we focused on meshing under base circle of worm wheel, and investigated geometrical shape on dedendum face manufactured by hob cutter. As a result, we derived formula of new profile of worm wheel for meshing under base circle. In addition, the MUB theory was verified by the experiment that used an actual worm wheel with MUB profile. It was shown that we obtained a new finding by the process of this research.
Source Separation Using Sensor’s Frequency Response: Theory and Practice on Carbon Nanotubes Sensors (2019)

Nowadays, there is an increased demand in integrated sensors for electronic devices. Multi-functional sensors provide the same amount of data using fewer sensors. Carbon nanotubes are non-selectively sensitive to temperature, gas and strain. Thus, carbon nanotubes are perfect candidates to design multi-functional sensors. In our study, we are interested in a dual humidity-temperature sensor. Here, we present a novel method to differentiate at least two sources using the sensor's frequency responses based on multiwall carbon nanotubes sensors. The experimental results demonstrate that there are temperature- or moisture-invariant frequencies of the impedance magnitude, and their values depend on the sensor's geometry. The proposed measurement model shows that source-invariant frequencies of the phase can be also determined. In addition, the source separation method is generalized to other materials or sources enabling multi-functional sensors for environment monitoring.
Detection of blood-related signal from a series of fingerprint images acquired during an input action (2007)

When a finger is pressed against a flat plate and deformed, blood inside the finger moves away from the deformed area. This causes the finger to change its appearance from reddish to white. As the finger leaves the plate, the blood comes back and it looks reddish again. We have proposed to use this color change to distinguish genuine fingers from artificial ones for un-attended fingerprint identification systems. This blood-related signal may reflect the stiffness of the peripheral blood vessels and therefore it may be correlated with some health conditions such as blood pressure. In experiments, we used a fingerprint sensor based on scattered light detection. Because the spectra of the light scattered by the deformed fingers showed large changes mostly in the green portion, an LED emitting at 525 nm at peak strength was used. First, we compared series of fingerprint images acquired during a normal input action and those obtained while a rubber band occluded the blood flow. The occluded finger required a larger force to exhibit a similar change for these pixel values than the finger without the rubber band. Second, we analyzed fingerprint images recorded by six volunteers. We defined some indices based on the pixel values of the fingerprint images and the pressure applied to the fingers. The correlation coefficient of one of such indices and the average blood pressure of the participants was 0.86. Although the number of the subjects is small, this initial result is encouraging.
X-ray Scattering Study of Thin Films of Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene) (2007)

Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene), PBTTT, is a semiconducting polymer that forms thin film transistors (TFTs) with high field effect mobility on silicon dioxide dielectrics that are treated with alkyltrichlorosilanes ( approximately 0.2 to 0.5 cm2/V s) but forms TFTs with poor mobility on bare silicon dioxide (<0.005 cm2/V s). The microstructure of spin-coated thin films of PBTTT on these surfaces was studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. PBTTT crystallizes with lamellae of pi-stacked polymer chains on both surfaces. The crystalline domains are well-oriented relative to the substrate in the as-spun state and become highly oriented and more ordered with thermal annealing in the liquid crystalline mesophase. Although the X-ray scattering from PBTTT is nearly identical on both surfaces, atomic force microscopy showed that the domain size of the crystalline regions depends on the substrate surface. These results suggest that electrical transport in PBTTT films is strongly affected by the domain size of the crystalline regions and the disordered regions between them.
Solution-based synthesis of kesterite thin film semiconductors (2019)

Abstract Large-scale deployment of photovoltaic modules is required to power our renewable energy future. Kesterite, Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 , is a p-type semiconductor absorber layer with a tunable bandgap consisting of earth abundant elements, and is seen as a potential ‘drop-in’ replacement to Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 in thin film solar cells. Currently, the record light-to-electrical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of kesterite-based devices is 12.6%, for which the absorber layer has been solution-processed. This efficiency must be increased if kesterite technology is to help power the future. Therefore two questions arise: what is the best way to synthesize the film? And how to improve the device efficiency? Here, we focus on the first question from a solution-based synthesis perspective. The main strategy is to mix all the elements together initially and coat them on a surface, followed by annealing in a reactive chalcogen atmosphere to react, grow grains and sinter the film. The main difference between the methods presented here is how easily the solvent, ligands, and anions are removed. Impurities impair the ability to achieve high performance (>∼10% PCE) in kesterite devices. Hydrazine routes offer the least impurities, but have environmental and safety concerns associated with hydrazine. Aprotic and protic based molecular inks are environmentally friendlier and less toxic, but they require the removal of organic and halogen species associated with the solvent and precursors, which is challenging but possible. Nanoparticle routes consisting of kesterite (or binary chalcogenides) particles require the removal of stabilizing ligands from their surfaces. Electrodeposited layers contain few impurities but are sometimes difficult to make compositionally uniform over large areas, and for metal deposited layers, they have to go through several solid-state reaction steps to form kesterite. Hence, each method has distinct advantages and disadvantages. We review the state-of-the art of each and provide perspective on the different strategies.
Cyanonaphthalene Diimide Semiconductors for Air-Stable, Flexible, and Optically Transparent n-Channel Field-Effect Transistors (2007)

Core-cyanated naphthalene diimide organic semiconductors were synthesized for use in field-effect transistors. The unusual combination of wide band gap and high mobility in these materials enables the fabrication of the first flexible, air-stable n-type organic transistors with a transparent channel on conventional overhead transparency film or on ITO/glass substrates.
Murine Pneumonia Virus Expressing the Fusion Glycoprotein of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus from an Added Gene Is Highly Attenuated and Immunogenic in Rhesus Macaques (2018)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues to be the leading viral cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children worldwide. A licensed vaccine or antiviral drug suitable for routine use remains unavailable. Like RSV, <i>Murine pneumonia virus</i> (MPV) is a member of the genus <i>Orthopneumovirus</i>, family <i>Pneumoviridae</i> Humans are not normally exposed to MPV, and MPV is not cross-protective with RSV. We evaluated MPV as an RSV vaccine vector expressing the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein. The RSV F open reading frame (ORF) was codon optimized, and the encoded RSV F protein was made identical to an early passage of RSV strain A2. The RSV F ORF was placed under the control of MPV transcription signals and inserted at the first (rMPV-F1), third (rMPV-F3), or fourth (rMPV-F4) gene position of a version of the MPV genome that contained a codon-pair-optimized polymerase (L) gene. The recovered viruses replicated <i>in vitro</i> as efficiently as the empty vector, with stable expression of RSV F protein. Replication and immunogenicity of rMPV-F1 and rMPV-F3 were evaluated in rhesus macaques following intranasal and intratracheal administration. Both viruses replicated at low levels in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, maintained stable RSV F expression, and induced RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies at high levels similar to those induced by wild-type RSV replicating to a 5- to 25-fold-higher titer. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that rMPV provides a highly attenuated yet immunogenic vector for the expression of RSV F protein, with potential application in RSV-naive and RSV-experienced populations.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that lacks a licensed vaccine or antiviral drug suitable for routine use. We describe here the evaluation of recombinant murine pneumonia virus (rMPV) as a live-attenuated vector that expresses the RSV F protein, the major RSV neutralization antigen, as an experimental RSV vaccine. The rMPV-RSV-F vectors expressing RSV F from the first, third, or fourth gene position were genetically stable and were not restricted for replication <i>in vitro</i> In contrast, the vectors exhibited highly attenuated replication in the respiratory tract of rhesus macaques, maintained stable RSV F expression, and induced RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies at high titers similar to those conferred by wild-type RSV. Given the lack of preexisting immunity to MPV in humans and the lack of cross-neutralization and cross-protection between MPV and RSV, an rMPV-vectored RSV vaccine should be immunogenic in both RSV-naive children and RSV-experienced adults.
Novel drift structures for silicon and compound semiconductor X-ray and gamma-ray detectors (1998)

Recently developed silicon- and compound-semiconductor-based drift detector structures have produced excellent performance for charged particles, X-rays, and gamma rays and for low-signal visible light detection. The silicon drift detector (SDD) structures that the authors discuss relate to direct X-ray detectors and scintillation photon detectors coupled with scintillators for gamma rays. Recent designs include several novel features that ensure very low dark current and hence low noise. In addition, application of thin window technology ensures a very high quantum efficiency entrance window on the drift photodetector. The main features of the silicon drift structures for X rays and light detection are very small anode capacitance independent of the overall detector size, low noise, and high throughput. To take advantage of the small detector capacitance, the first stage of the electronics needs to be integrated into the detector anode. In the gamma-ray application, factors other than electronic noise dominate, and there is no need to integrate the electronics into the anode. Thus, a different drift structure is needed in conjunction with a high-Z material. The main features in this case are large active detector volume and electron-only induced signal.
Propagating Waveguide Filters Using Dielectric Resonators (2015)

In this paper a new class of propagating waveguide in-line pseudoelliptic filters exploiting dielectric resonators is presented. The basic structure is a singlet, which is implemented by a TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> mode dielectric resonator placed into a rectangular waveguide above cutoff. Couplings are controlled by a proper positioning of the puck. The fundamental propagating mode of the waveguide is exploited to both excite and bypass the resonator so as to obtain bypass coupling capability, allowing the generation of transmission zeros. Higher order filters are obtained by cascading singlets through quarter-wave or half-wave waveguide sections. The quarter-wave section behaves as an admittance inverter, while the half-wave section behaves as a resonator, the latter resulting in filters which combine dielectric and cavity resonators. Thanks to this combination, unique performances such as wide bandwidth and sharp transition bands can be obtained. To validate the proposed method a third-order filter with 2.3% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a fifth-order filter with 8.15% FBW have been designed and manufactured, thus demonstrating the approach feasibility.
Nomarski serial time-encoded amplified microscopy for high-speed contrast-enhanced imaging of transparent media (2011)

High-speed high-contrast imaging modalities that enable image acquisition of transparent media without the need for chemical staining are essential tools for a broad range of applications; from semiconductor process monitoring to blood screening. Here we introduce a method for contrast-enhanced imaging of unstained transparent objects that is capable of high-throughput imaging. This method combines the Nomarski phase contrast capability with the ultrahigh frame rate and shutter speed of serial time-encoded amplified microscopy. As a proof of concept, we show imaging of a transparent test structure and white blood cells in flow at a shutter speed of 33 ps and a frame rate of 36.1 MHz using a single-pixel photo-detector. This method is expected to be a valuable tool for high-throughput screening of unstained cells.
P‐92: Luminescence Properties of YAl <sub>3</sub> (BO <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>4</sub> : Tb <sup>3+</sup> Phosphors Substituted with Sc <sup>3+</sup> Ions under VUV Excitation (2006)

Abstract We have investigated the luminescence and excitation spectra of (Y, Gd)Al 3 (BO 3 ) 4 : Tb 3+ phosphors substituted with Sc 3+ ions. The luminescence of green, which has two emission peaks at 542 and 549 nm, is observed for (Y, Gd, Tb, Sc)Al 3 (BO 3 ) 4 and (Y, Tb, Sc)(Al, Sc) 3 (BO 3 ) 4 phosphors. It originates from 5 D 4 ) 7 F 5 transitions of 4f‐4f inner shell of Tb 3+ ions. These phosphors have an additional absorption band in the range of about 170–200 nm. As the results under the excitation light at 172 nm generated by xenon‐discharge excimer lamp, we found out an enhancement of luminescence intensity of green due to the substitutions with Sc 3+ ions.
Bidentate N‐based Ligands for Highly Reusable, Ligand‐coordinated, Supported Pt Hydrosilylation Catalysts (2020)

Abstract A significant challenge in designing supported metal‐ligand catalysts for solution‐phase reactions is the stabilization of the metal active sites against leaching into solution. Here, we examine alkene hydrosilylation reactions as model systems to improve the stability of highly dispersed Pt using a metal‐ligand coordination strategy on high surface area oxide supports. By evaluating a series of bidentate N‐based ligands, we demonstrate several design strategies to improve stability of the highly dispersed Pt 2+ centers against leaching, while maintaining a high level of catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability for alkene hydrosilylation batch reactions under mild conditions. These involve a bi‐functional approach to ligand design, which considers interaction to the support and a well‐defined coordination environment for the metal active site. Three strategies are reported: modifying ligands for stronger interaction with oxide surfaces, mixing ligands, and pre‐depositing an “anchoring ligand” to the support before loading the metal‐ligand catalyst. Each of these is successful in enhancing Pt recyclability. Particularly, two Pt‐phenanthroline catalysts exhibit excellent reusability for multiple batch reaction cycles, due to high stability of the active Pt species. Addressing the active site leaching problem significantly enhances the utility of ligand‐coordinated supported metal catalysts as highly stable and selective catalysts for solution‐phase reactions.
High yield packaging for high-density multi-channel chip integration on flexible parylene substrate (2012)

This paper reports a new chip packaging technique for the assembly of retinal prosthesis device. Here, a photoresist is used as glue to attach a chip to the targeted parylene-C substrate so that 94% of the chip area is used as attachment to prevent delamination. As a validation, chips with 268 connections were used to assess the connection yield. The results show that this new technique, combined with an additional parylene-C coating, provide a high connection yield (>;90%) and is a promising method for high-lead-count implant devices.
Data from Dual Epitope Targeting and Enhanced Hexamerization by DR5 Antibodies as a Novel Approach to Induce Potent Antitumor Activity Through DR5 Agonism (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Higher-order death receptor 5 (DR5) clustering can induce tumor cell death; however, therapeutic compounds targeting DR5 have achieved limited clinical efficacy. We describe HexaBody-DR5/DR5, an equimolar mixture of two DR5-specific IgG1 antibodies with an Fc-domain mutation that augments antibody hexamerization after cell surface target binding. The two antibodies do not compete for binding to DR5 as demonstrated using binding competition studies, and binding to distinct epitopes in the DR5 extracellular domain was confirmed by crystallography. The unique combination of dual epitope targeting and increased IgG hexamerization resulted in potent DR5 agonist activity by inducing efficient DR5 outside-in signaling and caspase-mediated cell death. Preclinical studies <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> demonstrated that maximal DR5 agonist activity could be achieved independent of Fc gamma receptor–mediated antibody crosslinking. Most optimal agonism was observed in the presence of complement complex C1, although without inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity. It is hypothesized that C1 may stabilize IgG hexamers that are formed after binding of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 to DR5 on the plasma membrane, thereby strengthening DR5 clustering and subsequent outside-in signaling. We observed potent antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in large panels of patient-derived xenograft models representing various solid cancers. The results of our preclinical studies provided the basis for an ongoing clinical trial exploring the activity of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 (GEN1029) in patients with malignant solid tumors.</p></div>
An Integrated System for Measuring Regional Cardiac Function Using Harmonic Phase MRI (2000)

Introduction MRI tagging has been used as a research tool to measure cardiac function in humans, but its use as a clinical tool has been limited by long computation times and the need for human intervention. Harmonic phase (HARP) magnetic resonance imaging has been developed for fast, automated analysis of tagged imagery. In this paper we present an integrated system for computing a wide variety of motion measures on 2-D cross-sections within the heart. This system combines both single-shot and tine HARP methods, which have been previously reported. Manual interaction is limited to a small number of simple geometric tasks. Overall processing time from the acquisition of images to the plotting of regional strain profiles is about 15 minutes. Methods Harmonic phase magnetic resonance (HARP-MRI) measures the motion from tagged MR images by filtering certain regions in the k-space of the images [ 1,2,3]. The resulting complex image can be decomposed into magnitude and phase, resulting in images we call the harmonic magnitude image and harmonic phase (HARP) image, respectively. The harmonic magnitude image shows underlying anatomy of the heart and can be used for segmentation. In contrast, the HARP image carries information about myocardial motion. In particular, the HARP value of a material point is invariant with time and can be used to track the trajectory of the point [2,3]. Lagrangian strain is computed by measuring the variation in distance of two tracked points. The spatial gradients of HARP images are related to the local Eulerian strain. Myocardial regions typically octants around the left ventricle can then be tracked within a tine sequence and either Lagrangian or Eulerian strain can be computed automatically within these regions [ 11. Temporal plots of endocardial, midwall, and epicardial strain show the temporal evolution of regional myocardial function. We have designed a program based on MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick MA) that reads tagged image sequences, allows interactive filter design, segments the myocardium, allows interactive specification of regional geometry, calculates Lagrangian and Eulerian strain, calculates the angle of maximum shortening, and plots temporal profiles of regional strain. Results We evaluated the efficacy of HARP using mechanically paced canine tagged MRI that was reported in [4]. The images comprised 20 time frames with two sets of tagged images, vertical and horizontal tags, at each time. Figure 1 shows one of the resulting measurements: a circumferential strain map. The map shows in frames 4 to 8 stretching in the septum caused by the early contraction in the lateral wall. Figure 1. Twenty time frames showing short axis view of the circumferential shortening. Darker regions indicate shortening while yellowish regions indicate stretching (caused by the abnormal motion of this naced heart).
Radiation polymerizable coating composition containing an unsaturated phosphoric ester. [ionizing radiations] (1976)

A radiation polymerizable protective coating composition or paint consists essentially of a binder solution of: (1) between about 90 and about 10 parts of a saturated, thermoplastic vinyl polymer prepared from at least about 85 weight percent of monofunctional vinyl monomers; (2) between about 10 and about 90 parts of vinyl solvent monomers for the vinyl polymer, at least about 10 weight percent, preferably at least about 30 weight percent, of the solvent monomers being selected from the group consisting of divinyl monomers, trivinyl monomers, tetravinyl monomers and mixtures of these; and (3) between about 1.0 and about 15.0 parts per 100 parts of the total of the thermoplastic vinyl polymer and the vinyl solvent monomers of a triester of phosphoric acid bearing one or more sites of vinyl unsaturation. The composition exhibits excellent quality and good adhesion to a variety of substrates, in particular metals, including vapor deposited metals. Preferred articles bearing such a coating are prepared by applying a base coat to a substrate and curing the same; vapor depositing a coating of metal over the surface of the base coat; and applying to and curing on the surface of the deposited metal the radiation polymerizable topcoat, preferablymore » with little or no pigment contained therein. 7 claims, no drawings.« less
Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces progression of experimental osteoarthritis in vivo: Possible link with the reduction in chondrocyte apoptosis and caspase 3 level (2000)

This study shows that L-NIL reduces the progression of experimental OA. This effect could be related to a reduced level of chondrocyte apoptosis and is likely mediated by a decrease in the level of caspase 3 activity. A sparing effect of L-NIL on the increased level of Bcl-2 may also be a contributing factor.