gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static analysis of function calls in Erlang (2013)

Functions and their relations can affect numerous properties and metrics of a functional program. To identify and represent the functions and their calling connections, software analysers commonly apply semantic function analysis, which derives the static call graph of the program, based on its source code. Function calls however may be dynamic and complex, making it difficult to statically identify the callee. Dynamic calls are determined just at run-time, static analysis therefore cannot be expected to fully identify every call. Nevertheless, by utilising the results of a properly performed data-flow analysis as well as taking ambiguous references into account, numerous dynamic calls are discoverable and representable. We consider cases where the identifiers of the callee are statically determined, but they flow into the call expression from a different program point, and also, we manage to handle function calls whose identifiers are not fully identifiable at compile-time. By utilising the improved reference analysis, we extend the static call graph with various information about dynamic function calls. We investigate such a function call analysis in the programming language Erlang.
X-ray Methods (1987)

Introduction: Discovery of X-Rays, and their Basic Properties, Basic Principles of X-Ray Generation, X-Ray Spectra, Scattering, Diffraction, Bragg Equation, Adsorption and Fluorescence X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) Applications of XRD X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Related Techniques:-Probe, Radioisotope Fluorescence Analysis, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, Health Hazards.
Various emotional expressions with emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (2005)

The authors have been developing humanoid robots in order to develop new mechanisms and functions for a humanoid robot that has the ability to communicate naturally with a human by expressing human-like emotion. In 2004, we developed the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No.4 Refined II) by integrating the new humanoid robot hands RCH-I (RoboCasa Hand No.1) into the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4R. We confirmed that WE-4RII can effectively express its emotion.
Antioxidant and protective effects of spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>L.) leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury (2010)

Spinach, (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a popular vegetable. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of spinach (EESO) was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and liver injury in rats. Pretreatment of rats with EESO, at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 consecutive days significantly prevented the CCl4-induced hepatic damage as indicated by the serum marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP and GGT) and bilirubin levels. Parallel to these changes, the leaves extract also prevented CCl4-induced OS in rat liver by inhibiting lipid peroxidation (LPO) and restoring the levels of antioxidant non-enzymatic biomarker, such as total protein (TP) and non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) in liver tissue. The biochemical changes were consistent with the histological findings of the liver tissue suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the leaves extract in a dose-dependent manner, besides, a significant reduction was also observed in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. The results of spinach extract were comparable to that of silymarin. The protective effect of the EESO against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity could be attributed to the potent antioxidant constituents of the spinach.
Modified thermal load approach for automatic generation of basis vectors in shape optimization (1994)

This paper presents a modified thermal load approach for automatically generating basis vectors in shape optimization. The modified thermal load approach is developed for the reduced basis method. The convergence characteristics and the efficiency of the approach are demonstrated through three numerical examples. The optimum results of the examples are obtained. The MSCINASTRAN is used for shape design (grid) sensitivity analysis. The feasible direction method in C O W is used for the optimization process.
Improvement of Dynamic Respiration Monitoring Through Sensor Fusion of Accelerometer and Gyro-sensor (2014)

In this paper, we suggest a method to improve the fusion of an accelerometer and gyro sensor by using a Kalman filter to produce a more high-quality respiration signal to supplement the weakness of using a single accelerometer. To evaluate our proposed algorithm's performance, we developed a chest belt-type module. We performed experiments consisting of aerobic exercise and muscular exercises with 10 subjects. We compared the derived respiration signal from the accelerometer with that from our algorithm using the standard respiration signal from the piezoelectric sensor in the time and frequency domains during the aerobic and muscular exercises. We also analyzed the time delay to verify the synchronization between the output and standard signals. We confirmed that our algorithm improved the respiratory rate's detection accuracy by 4.6% and 9.54% for the treadmill and leg press, respectively, which are dynamic. We also confirmed a small time delay of about 0.638 s on average. We determined that real-time monitoring of the respiration signal is possible. In conclusion, our suggested algorithm can acquire a more high-quality respiration signal in a dynamic exercise environment away from a limited static environment to provide safer and more effective exercises and improve exercise sustainability.
Smart materials and new technologies : for the architecture and design professions (2005)

Chapter 1: Materials in Architecture and design Chapter 2: Fundamental Characterization of Materials Chapter 3: Energy Phenomena and environments Chapter 4: Types and Characteristics of Smart Materials Chapter 5: Elements and Control Systems Chapter 6: Smart Products Chapter 7: Smart Components, Assemblies and Systems in Architecture Chapter 8: Smart Environments Chapter 9: Revisiting the Design Context Bibliography Glossary Index
Robust joint audio-video localization in video conferencing using reliability information (2004)

This paper proposes a new method for performing joint audio-video localization that explores the reliability of the individual localization estimates. The reliability information is estimated from the audio and video data separately. The proposed method uses this reliability information in conjunction with a simple summing voter to dynamically discriminate erroneous outputs from the audio and video localizers while performing fusion on the localization results. Based on the voter output, a majority rule is then used to make the final decision of the active talker's current location. The results show that adding the reliability information during fusion improves localization performance when compared with audio only, video only and joint audio-video using straight summing fusion localization methods. The computational complexity of the proposed method is comparable to the existing ones.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHEMICAL DEICERS: UNDERCUTTING AND DISBONDMENT. IN: CHEMICAL DEICERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (1992)

Research has revealed significant differences in the penetration and melt volume capabilities of several deicing chemicals over a range of selected temperature and time intervals. The goal of this paper is to show that these same differences exist with undercutting and disbondment characteristics of those same deicing chemicals. Five chemical deicers are reported in this study. The materials included are: (1) Calcium chloride pellets (CaCl2), (2) Sodium chloride (rock salt)-two suppliers, (3) Potassium chloride (KCl), (4) Pelletized urea, and (5) Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). The product information on these deicers is presented in the appendix.
Resistance of Trichoplusia ni to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac Is Independent of Alteration of the Cadherin-Like Receptor for Cry Toxins (2012)

Alteration of binding sites for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in insect midgut is the major mechanism of high-level resistance to Bt toxins in insects. The midgut cadherin is known to be a major binding protein for Bt Cry1A toxins and linkage of Bt-resistance to cadherin gene mutations has been identified in lepidopterans. The resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac evolved in greenhouse populations of Trichoplusia ni has been identified to be associated with the down-regulation of an aminopeptidase N (APN1) gene by a trans-regulatory mechanism and the resistance gene has been mapped to the locus of an ABC transporter (ABCC2) gene. However, whether cadherin is also involved with Cry1Ac-resistance in T. ni requires to be understood. Here we report that the Cry1Ac-resistance in T. ni is independent of alteration of the cadherin. The T. ni cadherin cDNA was cloned and the cadherin sequence showed characteristic features known to cadherins from Lepidoptera. Various T. ni cadherin gene alleles were identified and genetic linkage analysis of the cadherin alleles with Cry1Ac-resistance showed no association of the cadherin gene with the Cry1Ac-resistance in T. ni. Analysis of cadherin transcripts showed no quantitative difference between the susceptible and Cry1Ac-resistant T. ni larvae. Quantitative proteomic analysis of midgut BBMV proteins by iTRAQ-2D-LC-MS/MS determined that there was no quantitative difference in cadherin content between the susceptible and the resistant larvae and the cadherin only accounted for 0.0014% (mol%) of the midgut BBMV proteins, which is 1/300 of APN1 in molar ratio. The cadherin from both the susceptible and resistant larvae showed as a 200-kDa Cry1Ac-binding protein by toxin overlay binding analysis, and nano-LC-MS/MS analysis of the 200-kDa cadherin determined that there is no quantitative difference between the susceptible and resistant larvae. Results from this study indicate that the Cry1Ac-resistance in T. ni is independent of cadherin alteration.
The Chemical Heat Pipe EVA and ADAM (1981)

AbstractAbstractThe interdisciplinary system described, for the transport of energy over long distances, has been under active investigation on a pilot plant stage for some years. Heat from a high temperature gas cooled nuclear reactor is proposed as an energy source to convert methane and steam, an endothermic chemical reaction, into carbon oxides and hydrogen – the EVA proces. The resulting gases can be pumped through pipes over long distance and, at the point of energy requirement, be converted back as an exothermic reaction – the ADAM process. Both reactions have been tested at Jülich with success and could be commercially Introduced at the end of the present century. Additional advantages are described for this closed circuit chemical heat pipe system.
The Use of Umbilicals as a New Technology of Artificial-Lift Operation of Oil and Gas Wells without Well Killing when Workover (2012)

Abstract Currently, the main part of oil in Russia and in the world is produced from low- and average-flow-rate wells. Comparing to high-yield well stock, artificial-lift production from these wells has its own complications associated with increased overheating of equipment, with more intensive process of salt and paraffin-asphalt deposition. This leads to the necessity of frequent round-trips and, as a consequence, well killing. As a result the costs and time for workover increase; also while killing low-flow-rate oil wells, filtration characteristics of the borehole zone are getting much worse. In addition, the technology of artificial-lift operation, based on pumping the liquid from the bottom to the surface, is becoming more promising for the flooded gas and gas-condensate well operation. Typically, these wells are operated at a late stage in a high water content and low reservoir pressure, when well killing is also related to a risk of significant gas productivity decline. In this regard, we developed a new artificial-lift technology without well killing. A distinctive feature of the technology is the use of umbilical, which is made as one segment on the basis of steel-polymer pipe. Umbilical includes both hydraulic channels for the fluid flow and electrical conductors of different cross sections for the power of ESP that allows you to replace the commonly used steel tubing with an external installation of the power cable. Wellhead BOP provides the possibility of workover without well killing. Bench tests of umbilical with a suspended ESP were successful and they confirmed the operability of the technology. Umbilical itself is favorably different from tubing as it reduces the probability of damage of the power conductors and leaks occurrence, reduces hydraulic friction losses, heat losses, physical and chemical inertness. Thus, this technology reduces the time and maintenance costs of workover, increases the security of round-trips, and also increases the efficiency of artificial lift operation of oil and gas wells.
A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. Depolarization, repolarization, and their interaction. (1991)

A mathematical model of the membrane action potential of the mammalian ventricular cell is introduced. The model is based, whenever possible, on recent single-cell and single-channel data and incorporates the possibility of changing extracellular potassium concentration [K]o. The fast sodium current, INa, is characterized by fast upstroke velocity (Vmax = 400 V/sec) and slow recovery from inactivation. The time-independent potassium current, IK1, includes a negative-slope phase and displays significant crossover phenomenon as [K]o is varied. The time-dependent potassium current, IK, shows only a minimal degree of crossover. A novel potassium current that activates at plateau potentials is included in the model. The simulated action potential duplicates the experimentally observed effects of changes in [K]o on action potential duration and rest potential. Physiological simulations focus on the interaction between depolarization and repolarization (i.e., premature stimulation). Results demonstrate the importance of the slow recovery of INa in determining the response of the cell. Simulated responses to periodic stimulation include monotonic Wenckebach patterns and alternans at normal [K]o, whereas at low [K]o nonmonotonic Wenckebach periodicities, aperiodic patterns, and enhanced supernormal excitability that results in unstable responses ("chaotic activity") are observed. The results are consistent with recent experimental observations, and the model simulations relate these phenomena to the underlying ionic channel kinetics.
The Acylation Mechanism of CTX-M β-Lactamase at 0.88 Å Resolution (2007)

The apo crystal structure of CTX-M-9 β-lactamase has been determined to 0.88 Å at pH 8.8. This unusually clear picture of proton positions and residue interactions supports the role of Glu166 as the general base for the controversial acylation step of class A β-lactamase catalysis. The ability to distinguish low-energy conformations sampled by the enzyme allows us to link the two conformations of Lys73 to different protonation states of Glu166.
Linewidth broadening in a distributed feedback laser integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier (2002)

The problem of the linewidth degradation in systems using distributed-feedback lasers together with strained-layer multi-quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is examined. A modified expression for the linewidth in the case of anti reflection-coated SOA output facets is derived and simulation results are given in the case of output facets with a nonvanishing reflectivity. A numerical model combining finite-element calculations in the transverse x-y plane and a longitudinal model based on the Green's function method is used for that purpose.
Iris Recognition Based on Wavelet Transform and Neural Network (2007)

The biometric systems for user verification are becoming more popular in this age. Iris recognition system is a new technology for user verification. This paper presents an iris detection and recognition method, which adopts Canny transform to extract iris texture feature and wavelet probabilistic neural network as iris biometric classifier. The method combines wavelet neural network and probabilistic neural network for a new classifier model which will be able to improve the biometrics recognition accuracy as well as the global system performance. A simple and fast training algorithm, AdaBoost, is also introduced for training the wavelet probabilistic neural network. When applying the algorithm on an iris images database, the experimental results show 100% correct classifications and the method have an efficiency feasibility and performance.
Localization of ribosomal RNA and Pbs21-mRNA in the sexual stages of Plasmodium berghei using electron microscope in situ hybridization. (1996)

A reproducible technique for the ultrastructural localization of RNAs in malaria parasites has been developed which combines excellent structural preservation with high hybridization signals. Signals obtained following in situ hybridization with an antisense rRNA probe which recognizes all forms of small subunit (SSU) rRNA correlate with the density of ribosomes in the parasite cytoplasm and show that a) the male gametocyte has only 12 to 25% the ribosomes found in the female cell and asexual parasite and b) the probe did not hybridize with an electron-dense nuclear body previously called a nucleolus. We suggest this structure is either a transcription-, or a replication-factory. Using a probe for the sexual stage-specific protein Pbs21 mRNA, signal was found only in female gametocytes, zygotes and ookinetes and showed a non-random, clumped cytoplasmic distribution. It is not known at present whether the non-random distribution of the Pbs 21 mRNA is critical to the very delayed translation of the Pbs21 message into protein, which occurs only in the zygote and ookinete.
Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models (2016)

When outcome variables are ordinal rather than continuous, the ordered logit model, aka the proportional odds model (ologit/po), is a popular analytical method. However, generalized ordered logit/partial proportional odds models (gologit/ppo) are often a superior alternative. Gologit/ppo models can be less restrictive than proportional odds models and more parsimonious than methods that ignore the ordering of categories altogether. However, the use of gologit/ppo models has itself been problematic or at least sub-optimal. Researchers typically note that such models fit better but fail to explain why the ordered logit model was inadequate or the substantive insights gained by using the gologit alternative. This paper uses both hypothetical examples and data from the 2012 European Social Survey to address these shortcomings.
Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise (2004)

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O(2) consumption: 62 +/- 3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 +/- 2% maximal O(2) consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-(13)C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-(14)C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were approximately 55% higher (P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 +/- 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 +/- 0.04 and 0.83 +/- 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher (P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 +/- 0.06, 0.75 +/- 0.04, and 0.75 +/- 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of approximately 1.3 g/min.
Performance and physicochemical properties of α‐sulfo fatty acid methyl esters (1992)

The detergency properties of α‐sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters (α‐SFMe) were evaluated and compared to those of conventional anionic surfactants by using a model heavy‐duty detergent formulation. Several physicochemical properties of surfactants were measured to investigate the effective factors on detergency. α‐SFMe showed good detergency performance under various washing conditions. These results were considered to correlate well with the good adsorption behavior on oils and dispersing capabilities for particles, as well as with the good solubilization capacity. Solubilization behavior of α‐SFMe is discussed in relation to micelle properties. It is suggested that α‐SFMe can form suitable micelles for solubilizing polar oils advantageously, due to its bulky hydrophilic group.
Implementation of cloud based live streaming for surveillance (2016)

Rapid technological growth made surveillance as most promising application domain. With great extent of smart city most of the things are controlled by internet. Security is one of the applications that everyone needs to be controlled remotely. This paper presents cloud based surveillance system for live video streaming that can be surveillance from anywhere and anytime. This system provides the live streaming by using cloud; Raspberry Pi 2 module and FFMPEG based USB Camera.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Methods for the Discovery and Optimization of Homogeneous Catalysts (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radiography and tomography system using refractive lenses (2007)

A prototype x-ray imaging system was built and tested for high-resolution x-ray radiography and tomography. The instrument consists of a microspot x-ray tube with a multilayer optic, a parabolic compound refractive lens (CRL) made of a plastic containing only hydrogen and carbon, and an x-ray detector. A rotation stage was added for tomography. Images were acquired of both grid meshes and biological materials, and these are compared to images achieved with spherical lenses. We found the best image quality using the multilayer condenser with a parabolic lens, compared to images with a spherical lens and without the multilayer optics. The resolution was measured using a 155 element parabolic CRL and a multilayer condenser with the microspot tube. The experiment demonstrates about 1.1 μm resolution.