gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile small cell deployment for next generation cellular networks (2014)

With the rapid growth of mobile broadband traffic, adopting small cell is a promising trend for operators to improve network capacity with low cost. However, static small cells cannot be flexibly placed to fulfill time/space-varying traffic. The static small cells might stay in idle or under-utilized mode during some time periods, which wastes resources. Therefore, this paper utilizes the mobile small cell concept and studies the deployment problem for mobile small cells. The objective is to maximize the service time provided by mobile small cells for all users. If a finite number of mobile small cells can serve more users for more time, the mobile small cell deployment will have more gains. Specifically, we show an interesting trade-off in the service time maximization. Then, we prove our target problem is NP-hard and propose an efficient mobile small cell deployment algorithm to deal with the trade-off to maximize the total service time. We construct a series of simulations with realistic parameter settings to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm. Compared with a static small cell deployment algorithm and a random mobile small cell deployment algorithm, the simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly increase the total service time provided for all users.
Functional features and genomic organization of mouse NaCT, a sodium-coupled transporter for tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (2004)

In the present study, we report on the molecular cloning and functional characterization of mouse NaCT (Na+-coupled citrate transporter), the mouse orthologue of Drosophila Indy. Mouse NaCT consists of 572 amino acids and is highly similar to rat and human NaCTs in primary sequence. The mouse nact gene coding for the transporter is approx. 23 kb long and consists of 12 exons. When expressed in mammalian cells, the cloned transporter mediates the Na+-coupled transport of citrate and succinate. Competition experiments reveal that mouse NaCT also recognizes other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as malate, fumarate and 2-oxo-glutarate as excellent substrates. The Michaelis-Menten constant for the transport process is 38+/-5 mM for citrate and 37+/-6 mM for succinate at pH 7.5. The transport process is electrogenic and exhibits an obligatory requirement for Na+. Na+-activation kinetics indicates that multiple Na+ ions are involved in the activation process. Extracellular pH has a differential effect on the transport function of mouse NaCT depending on whether the transported substrate is citrate or succinate. The Michaelis-Menten constants for these substrates are also influenced markedly by pH. When examined in the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, the transport process mediated by mouse NaCT is electrogenic. The charge-to-substrate ratio is 1 for citrate and 2 for succinate. The most probable transport mechanism predicted by these studies involves the transport of citrate as a tervalent anion and succinate as a bivalent anion with a fixed Na+/substrate stoichiometry of 4:1. The present study provides the first unequivocal evidence for the electrogenic nature of mammalian NaCT.
A central role for the endothelial NADPH oxidase in atherosclerosis (2000)

An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in several early steps leading toward the development of atherosclerosis. These effects appear to be carried out by both the ability of O2- to act as a small second messenger molecule, and potentially the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by O2-. We describe a model for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis that suggests targeted inhibition of NADPH oxidase as a powerful site for prevention and treatment of this disease.
The Cat as a Model for Human Obesity and Diabetes (2012)

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder of cats and is a risk factor for diabetes. Similar to developments in obese people, obese cats show peripheral tissue insulin resistance and may demonstrate glucose intolerance when challenged with pharmacological amounts of glucose. However, they compensate well for the insulin resistance and do not show elevated glucose concentrations when monitored during their regular daily routine, including postprandial periods. This is possible because obese cats in the fasted and postprandial state are able to maintain hepatic insulin sensitivity and decrease endogenous glucose production, which allows them to maintain normoglycemia. Also dissimilar to what is seen in many obese humans, cats do not develop atherosclerosis and clinical hypertension. The time course for progression to overt diabetes of obese cats is unknown. One might speculate that diabetes develops when the liver finally becomes insulin resistant and/or insulin secretion becomes too low to overcome increased glucose production. In addition, amyloid, demonstrated to be deposited in islet of chronically obese cats, may contribute to a reduction in insulin secretion by reducing functional β-cell mass.
Replication of DNA Microarrays Prepared by In Situ Oligonucleotide Polymerization and Mechanical Transfer (2007)

In this paper, we describe a method for replication of DNA microarrays. The approach involves in situ, enzymatic synthesis of a DNA complement array using a prefabricated master array, followed by mechanical transfer of the complement array to a second substrate. The new findings reported here include the following. DNA spots as small as approximately 100 microm can be faithfully replicated, replica arrays consisting of several different oligonucleotide sequences can be prepared, and such arrays are active toward hybridization of their complements. Up to 10 replicas can be prepared from a single master with no detectable progressive degradation of their activity. DNA master arrays consisting of long DNA templates (80-mer) can be replicated, as can large-scale master arrays consisting of approximately 2300 spots.
Definitive Setup of Clinical Scale Procedure for Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Cells for Transplantation (2012)

We recently developed a clinical grade ex vivo cord blood expansion procedure enabling a massive amplification of hematopoietic progenitors without any loss of stem cell potential. This procedure, based on day 14 liquid cultures of cord blood CD34(+) cells, in medium Macopharma HP01 and in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF; 100 ng/ml), fms-related tyrosine kinase 3-ligand (Flt-3L; 100 ng/ml), megakaryocyte growth and developmental factor (MGDF; 100 ng/ml), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 10 ng/ml) had to be modified due to the commercially unavailability of clinical grade MGDF molecule. So MGDF was replaced by thrombopoietin (TPO) in fivefold lower dose (20 ng/ml), and culture time was reduced to 12 days. That way, a mean expansion fold of 400, 80, and 150 was obtained for total cells, CD34(+) cells, and colony-forming cells (CFCs), respectively. This amplification was associated with a slight enhancing effect on stem cells [Scid repopulating cells (SRCs)]. These are the ultimate preclinical modifications of a clinical grade expansion protocol, which is already employed in an ongoing clinical trial.
Si bipolar 2-GHz 6-bit flash A/D conversion LSI (1988)

A gigahertz-sampling-rate flash A/D (analog/digital)-conversion LSI using high-speed Si bipolar technology (SST-1B) is investigated. To improve comparator speed, a circuit technology to minimize the comparator-speed limiting factors with minimum power is investigated and applied. To enhance the dynamic accuracy, speed mismatch among comparators is also minimized using this circuit technology. To improve encoder speed, a quasi-Gray code is adopted and glitch noise is reduced with this code. The LSI performance at 1-GHz sampling rate is measured with a gigahertz-operation data acquisition system developed with the SST MSI family, and effective bits of 5.8 at an input frequency of 100 MHz and 4.8 at 500 MHz are achieved. This LSI also demonstrates the feasibility of a single-chip flash A/D converter with a gigahertz sampling rate using Si bipolar technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linewidth Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers in an External Cavity (1984)

Summary An automatic linewidth control loop which provides stable optimum linewidth reduction and single cavity mode operation of an external cavity semiconductor laser is presented. Stable linewidth reduction from 70 MHz to below 2 MHz is obtained for a 1.3 μm BH-laser, whereas simultaneous mean frequency stabilization to within 1 kHz and linewidth reduction from 17 MHz to 1.6 MHz is demonstrated for an 830 nm CSP-laser.
Leaf Lettuce Production in California (2011)

The major production areas for leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in
Accuracy of deconvolution algorithms assessed by simulation studies: concise communication. (1983)

Deconvolution has been used to correct first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography for the time course of the delivery of radiopharmaceutical into the cardiopulmonary system. The extreme sensitivity of deconvolution to random errors in the data may account for some of the problems encountered in practice. We implemented several deconvolution algorithms that were suitable for use with the unimodal and multimodal superior vena caval and pulmonary curves found in left-to-right shunt quantification. The sensitivity of the algorithms to random errors was assessed using mathematical test problems degraded with pseudorandom noise. An algorithm that constrained the deconvolved pulmonary curve to be expressable as the non-negative sum of a set of lagged normal curves was found to have the smallest maximum error on the curves tested. Comparison with results from a previously published test problem indicated an error reduction of greater than 50% over previously used algorithms. Use of this algorithm may permit more accurate deconvolution of pulmonary time-activity curves and thereby improve shunt quantification.
Maternal Antiviral Immunoglobulin Accumulates in Neural Tissue of Neonates To Prevent HSV Neurological Disease (2017)

While antibody responses to neurovirulent pathogens are critical for clearance, the extent to which antibodies access the nervous system to ameliorate infection is poorly understood. In this study on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), we demonstrate that HSV-specific antibodies are present during HSV-1 latency in the nervous systems of both mice and humans. We show that antibody-secreting cells entered the trigeminal ganglion (TG), a key site of HSV infection, and persisted long after the establishment of latent infection. We also demonstrate the ability of passively administered IgG to enter the TG independently of infection, showing that the naive TG is accessible to antibodies. The translational implication of this finding is that human fetal neural tissue could contain HSV-specific maternally derived antibodies. Exploring this possibility, we observed HSV-specific IgG in HSV DNA-negative human fetal TG, suggesting passive transfer of maternal immunity into the prenatal nervous system. To further investigate the role of maternal antibodies in the neonatal nervous system, we established a murine model to demonstrate that maternal IgG can access and persist in neonatal TG. This maternal antibody not only prevented disseminated infection but also completely protected the neonate from neurological disease and death following HSV challenge. Maternal antibodies therefore have a potent protective role in the neonatal nervous system against HSV infection. These findings strongly support the concept that prevention of prenatal and neonatal neurotropic infections can be achieved through maternal immunization.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Herpes simplex virus 1 is a common infection of the nervous system that causes devastating neonatal disease. Using mouse and human tissue, we discovered that antiviral antibodies accumulate in neural tissue after HSV-1 infection in adults. Similarly, these antibodies pass to the offspring during pregnancy. We found that antiviral maternal antibodies can readily access neural tissue of the fetus and neonate. These maternal antibodies then protect neonatal mice against HSV-1 neurological infection and death. These results underscore the previously unappreciated role of maternal antibodies in protecting fetal and newborn nervous systems against infection. These data suggest that maternal immunization would be efficacious at preventing fetal/neonatal neurological infections.
Binocular rivalry produced by temporal frequency differences (2012)

When the eyes view images that are sufficiently different to prevent binocular fusion, binocular rivalry occurs and the images are seen sequentially in a stochastic alternation. Here we examine whether temporal frequency differences will trigger binocular rivalry by presenting two dynamic random-pixel arrays that are spatially matched but which modulate temporally at two different rates. We found that binocular rivalry between the two temporal frequencies did indeed occur, provided the frequencies were sufficiently different. Differences greater than two octaves (i.e., a factor of four) produced robust rivalry with clear-cut alternations similar to those experienced with spatial rivalry and with similar alternation rates. This finding indicates that temporal information can produce binocular rivalry in the absence of spatial conflict and is discussed in terms of rivalry requiring conflict between temporal channels.
THE ROLE OF VESICULAR TRANSPORT PROTEINS IN SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND NEURAL DEGENERATION (1997)

Classical neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm, so they require transport into secretory vesicles for regulated exocytotic release. Previous work has identified distinct vesicular transport activities for the different classical transmitters, and all depend on the H+-electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane but differ in the extent to which they rely on the chemical and electrical components of this gradient. Drugs that interfere with vesicular amine transport have implicated this activity in psychiatric disease. Selection for a cDNA encoding vesicular amine transport in the neurotoxin MPP+ also implicates the activity in Parkinson's disease. Molecular cloning of vesicular monoamine transporters shows sequence similarity to bacterial antibiotic resistance proteins, supporting a role for transport in detoxification and defining a novel mammalian gene family that now also includes a transporter for acetylcholine. Current work focuses on the mechanism of transport and the role that regulation of activity and its subcellular localization have in transmitter release, behavior, and neural degeneration.
Microwave Photonic Devices and Their Applications to Communications and Measurements (2008)

Microwave photonics (MWP), which merges radio-wave and photonics technologies, has recently attracted increasing interest. This paper provides an overview of the status of MWP technology, focusing on a system concept and enabling devices, and describes some of the latest applications, such as high-speed wireless communications, non-invasive electric-fleld sensors, and spectroscopy.
Parsing a natural language using mutual information statistics (1990)

The purpose of this paper is to characterize a constituent boundary parsing algorithm, using an information-theoretic measure called generalized mutual information, which serves as an alternative to traditional grammar-based parsing methods. This method is based on the hypothesis that constituent boundaries can be extracted from a given sentence (or word sequence) by analyzing the mutual information values of the part-ofspeech n-grams within the sentence. This hypothesis is supported by the performance of an implementation of this parsing algorithm which determines a recursive unlabeled bracketing of unrestricted English text with a relatively low error rate. This paper derives the generalized mutual information statistic, describes the parsing algorithm, and presents results and sample output from the parser. Introduction A standard approach to parsing a natural language is to characterize the language using a set of rules, a grammar. A grammar-based parsing algori...
Neuronal fiber pathway abnormalities in autism: An initial MRI diffusion tensor tracking study of hippocampo-fusiform and amygdalo-fusiform pathways (2008)

MRI diffusion-tensor tracking (DTT) was performed in 17 high-functioning adolescents/adults with autism and 17 pairwise-matched controls. White matter pathways involved in face processing were examined due to the relevance of face perception to the social symptoms of autism, and due to known behavioral and functional imaging findings in autism. The hippocampo-fusiform (HF) and amygdalo-fusiform (AF) pathways had normal size and shape but abnormal microstructure in the autism group. The right HF had reduced across-fiber diffusivity (D-min) compared with controls, opposite to the whole-brain effect of increased D-min. In contrast, left HF, right AF, and left AF had increased D-min and increased along-fiber diffusivity (D-max), more consistent with the whole-brain effect. There was a general loss of lateralization compared with controls. The right HF D-min was markedly low in the autism subgroup with lower Benton face recognition scores, compared with the lower-Benton control subgroup, and compared with the higher-Benton autism subgroup. Similar behavioral relationships were found for performance IQ. Such results suggest an early functionally-significant pathological process in right HF consistent with small-diameter axons (with correspondingly slower neural transmission) and/or higher packing density. In left AF and HF, changes were interpreted as secondary, possibly reflecting axonal loss and/or decreased myelination.
Microvessel Density and Distribution in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast (1994)

DCIS of the breast is characterized by two patterns of stromal microvessels. The first pattern is a diffuse increase in stromal microvessels surrounding involved spaces. This pattern is particularly prominent in comedo-type lesions with marked stromal desmoplasia. The second pattern is microvessel cuffing of involved spaces that is present in only a minority of cases and appears unrelated to histologic features evaluated, including DCIS subtype.
Smartwatch detection of ventricular tachycardia: Case series (2020)

Worldwide sales of wearable smartwatches have grown at an annual rate exceeding 20%, with 500 million connected devices currently active in 2020 and projected to exceed 1 billion by 2022.1 The integration of photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors into smartwatches has accelerated widespread community-based heart rate monitoring. More recent versions of smartwatches combine the PPG sensor—which can detect pulse rate and regularity only—with an actual 1-lead electrocardiogram that allows the recording of lead I.
Synthesis, structures and properties of self-assembling quaternary ammonium dansyl fluorescent tags for porous and non-porous surfaces (2014)

A series of H<sub>2</sub>O and/or EtOH soluble, self-assembling quaternary ammonium salts containing a dansyl (DNS) fluorescent moiety suitable for attachment to both porous ([DNS-NH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-NMe<sub>2</sub>-R<sup>+</sup>][X<sup>-</sup>] (2; R = -Si(OMe)<sub>3</sub>, X<sup>-</sup> = Cl<sup>-</sup>) and non-porous (3a; R = -PO(OEt)<sub>2</sub>, 3b; -PO(Oi-Pr)<sub>2</sub>, 3c; -(PO(OH)<sub>2</sub>, X<sup>-</sup> = Br<sup>-</sup>), 4; ([DNS-NH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-NMe<sub>2</sub>-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-NH(CH<sub>2</sub>PO(OEt)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>][Br<sup>-</sup>], 5; R = -((CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>SCOCH<sub>3</sub>, X<sup>-</sup> = Cl<sup>-</sup>), 6a; (R = -(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>O(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)CO(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>), n = 3, X<sup>-</sup> = Br<sup>-</sup>, 6b; n = 3, X<sup>-</sup> = Cl<sup>-</sup>, 6c; n = 3, X<sup>-</sup> = I<sup>-</sup>, 6d; n = 4, X<sup>-</sup> = Br<sup>-</sup>, 6e; n = 4, X<sup>-</sup> = I<sup>-</sup>, 6f; n = 6, X<sup>-</sup> = Br<sup>-</sup>, 6g; n = 6, X<sup>-</sup> = Cl<sup>-</sup>, 6h; n = 6, X<sup>-</sup> = I<sup>-</sup>), 7; (R = -CH<sub>2</sub>-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH<sub>2</sub>, X<sup>-</sup> = Br<sup>-</sup>) surfaces were prepared from the precursor dansyl amine (1; DNS-NH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-NMe<sub>2</sub>). Compounds 1-7 were characterized by NMR (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>29</sup>Si (2), <sup>31</sup>P (3a-c, 4)) spectroscopy, HRMS, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Additional characterization of compounds 1 and 7 were carried out by X-ray structure determinations. Physical attachment of compound 2 to cotton surfaces after immersion in solutions containing fluorescent dyes was verified by exposure to UV light and by complexation with bromo-phenol blue that rendered the surfaces visibly blue in colour. Phosphorus containing dansyl fluorescent dye, 3c, was attached to a stainless steel surface by exposure to an aqueous solution containing this dye, resulting in the formation of a self-assembled fluorescent monolayer. UV cure of plastic surfaces (polypropylene, silicon medical tubing) coated with compound 6a resulted in the covalent attachment of the dyes.
Dynamics-aware Embeddings (2019)

In this paper we consider self-supervised representation learning to improve sample efficiency in reinforcement learning (RL). We propose a forward prediction objective for simultaneously learning embeddings of states and action sequences. These embeddings capture the structure of the environment's dynamics, enabling efficient policy learning. We demonstrate that our action embeddings alone improve the sample efficiency and peak performance of model-free RL on control from low-dimensional states. By combining state and action embeddings, we achieve efficient learning of high-quality policies on goal-conditioned continuous control from pixel observations in only 1-2 million environment steps.
A page lifetime-aware scrubbing scheme for improving reliability of Flash-based SSD (2017)

Solid-state drive (SSD) has gain prevalence in consumer and enterprise storage markets. However, its reliability is declining with the wearing of the Flash memory. The error correcting codes (ECCs) are generally applied in SSD to cope with bit errors caused by abrasion, however, the lifetime of pages in Flash is still limited to their fixed correctability. Due to different process and usage, the pages of Flash deteriorate in different speeds, which limited the service time of SSD. In order to prolong the lifetime of SSD, we proposed a Page Lifetime-aware Scrubbing (LaScrub) scheme to find dangerous pages which exist more bit errors. The simulation results show the proposed scheme is able to enhance the reliability of SSD. It gains 86% storage space compared with normal SSD at the same reliability requirement.
A review on mobile threats and machine learning based detection approaches (2016)

The research of mobile threats detection using machine learning algorithms have got much attention in recent years due to increase of attacks. In this paper, mobile vulnerabilities were examined based on attack types. In order to prevent or detect these attacks machine learning methods used were analyzed and papers published in between 2009 and 2014 have been evaluated. Most important mobile vulnerabilities implementation format for these threats, detection methods and prevention approaches with the help of machine learning algorithms are presented. The obtained results are compared from their achievements were summarized. The results have shown that selecting and using datasets play an important role on the success of the system. Additionally, supervised learning techniques produce better results while compared with unsupervised ones in intrusion detection.