gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitized Oxygenation of Unconjugated Cyclic Dienes (1975)

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken in order to see whether singlet oxygen-oxidation of unconjugated cyclic dienes having spatially close double bonds causes a particular transannular reaction as previously observed with 1,5-cyclooctadiene which gave 4-hydroxy-5-cyclooctenone. Most cyclic dienes tested underwent normal “ene” reaction to give allylic hydroperoxides. Thus, on dye-sensitized photooxygenation followed by reduction with sulfite, dicyclopentadiene, cis,trans-1,5-cyclodecadiene, trans,trans,trans1,5,9-cyclooctadiene, 1,4-cyclooctadiene, 1,3-cyclooctadiene and germacrone yielded a stereoisomeric mixture of tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4,8-diene-3-ols, cis,cis-2,7-cyclodecadienol, a stereoisomeric mixture of two 2,5,9-cyclododecatrienols, 2,4-cyclooctadienol, endo-3,8-peroxide of cyclooctene, and germacra-3,7(11),10(14)-trien-9-ol-6-one(E), respectively. Under similar conditions, norbornadiene, and cis,cis-1,6-cyclodecadiene remained virtually unchanged.
Que's 1996 Computer and Internet Dictionary (1995)

From the Publisher:
This perennial best-seller now contains more than 3,500 definitions of computer terms, acronyms, and jargon. In easy-to-understand English, this newly updated reference includes many entries explaining the Internet, World Wide Web, telecommunications, multimedia, virtual reality, and much more.
Infection of Streptococcus oralis NCTC 11427 by pneumococcal phages (1989)

We have found a group of pneumococcal bacteriophages (Cp-1, Cp-7) that can successfully infect and replicate in Streptococcus oralis, whereas Dp-1 was unable to infect this species. We have also developed conditions that allowed transfection of S. oralis using Dp-1 DNA. Our results support the direct involvement of the phage-coded lysins in the leberation of the phage progeny from infected S. oralis cells. Since S. oralis and S. pneumoniae are bacteria that share the same ecological niche in humans, the availability of the system described here should allow to extend our current studies on the modular organization of the lytic enzymes and might serve as a tool to study the evolutionary relationships between host and parasite.
Blockchain application in food supply information security (2017)

With the increasingly serious problem of food safety in China, it directly or indirectly endangers people's health, quality of life and safety of life. The global economy, politics and society as a whole have a greater impact. As an effective means of product quality and safety management and control, many countries and regions have been researched, developed and operated of the traceability system. On the one hand, these technologies have not been able to achieve more accurate traceability, these results cannot be directly used in Chinese market. Therefore, the article introduces the concept of Blockchain technology, putting forward the application of Blockchain technology in information security of the food supply chain and comparing it with the traditional supply chain system.
Gene Therapy-Directed Osteogenesis: BMP-7-Transduced Human Fibroblasts Form Bone <i>in Vivo</i> (2000)

An ex vivo gene therapy strategy was used to achieve localized skeletal regeneration in vivo. When an adenovirus vector engineered to express bone morphogenetic protein 7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts or rat dermal fibroblasts, these nonosteogenic tissues formed bone and supported the development of hematopoietic tissue when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Transduced gingival fibroblasts formed marrow-containing ossicles in 100% of transplants after 1-2 weeks in vivo (n = 30). Immunostaining with murine and human-specific antisera raised against osteonectin and in situ hybridization of human-specific Alu genomic sequence demonstrated that the newly formed bone organ was a chimera of both the human donor and the mouse recipient cells. In experiments of greater clinical relevance, AdCMVBMP-7-transduced dermal fibroblasts repaired critical size skeletal defects in rat calvariae (n = 6). The results of this study suggest a bifunctional role of BMP-7-transduced fibroblasts. The transduced, nonosteogenic cells not only secreted biologically active BMP-7 in vitro and in vivo, but also differentiated into bone-forming cells in vivo. This model exploits the use of an easily biopsied, self-regenerating tissue such as gingiva or skin and suggests that local regeneration of tissues by ex vivo gene therapy may not require that autogenous cells be cultured from the tissue that is to be regenerated.
SDN Layers and Architecture Terminology (2014)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can be defined as a new approach for
network programmability. Network programmability in this context
refers to the capacity to initialize, control, change, and manage
network behavior dynamically via open interfaces as opposed to relying
on closed-box solutions and their associated proprietary interfaces.
SDN emphasizes the role of software in running networks through the
introduction of an abstraction for the data forwarding plane and, by
doing so, separates it from the control plane. This separation allows
faster innovation cycles at both planes as experience has already
shown. However, there is increasing confusion as to what exactly SDN
is, what is the layer structure in an SDN architecture and how do
layers interface with each other. This document aims to answer these
questions and provide a concise reference document for SDNRG, in
particular, and the SDN community, in general, based on relevant peer-
reviewed literature and documents in the RFC series.
Melt‐Processable Dynamic‐Covalent Poly(hemiaminal) Organogels as Scaffolds for UV‐Induced Polymerization (2015)

Hemiaminal poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based organogels are formulated in polymerizable solvents. The dynamic-covalent nature of the solvent-H-bonded hemiaminal crosslinks, together with the modification of the crosslinking density of the organogels allows for temperature-dependent viscoelastic control. The shape of uncured gels can be permanently retained by templated UV-curing of the solvent, offering great promise for complex manufacturing, printing, sealants, and materials repair.
Rubella-Specific Serum and Nasopharyngeal Antibodies in Volunteers with Naturally Acquired and Vaccine-Induced Immunity after Intranasal Challenge (1980)

Thirty-nine volunteers, who were either naturally immune to rubella virus or immune as a result of vaccination with RA 27/3, Cendehill, or To-336 vaccines, were challenged intranasally with high-titered RA 27/3 virus. Before and after challenge, rubella-specific IgG and IgA in serum and nasopharyngeal washings were measured by hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization, and radioimmunoassay. The reinfection rate (at least a fourfold rise in titer of serum antibody by one or more tests) was highest among recipients of Cendehill vaccine. Significant rises in titer were most frequently detected by radioimmunoassay for rubella-specific IgG. After challenge of immune volunteers, rubella-specific IgM was detected in six of the 29 with vaccine-induced immunity. Although high levels of rubella-specific serum and nasopharyngeal IgA before challenge appeared to be associated with protection in recipients of RA 27/3 vaccine, no level of any antibody tested was invariably associated with protection. For comparison, volunteers with vaccine-induced immunity challenged intranasally with the same dose of vaccine after inactivation did not show evidence of reinfection.
Beam steering and adaptive nulling of low sidelobe level time-modulated linear array (2011)

A generalised approach to achieving beam steering and adaptive nulling in conjunction with prescribed low sidelobe levels in a time-modulated linear array is presented. The technique is relies solely on time-switching of the array elements and does require the use of phase shifters or amplitude weighting of the array elements. Numerical examples relating to a 16 element linear array are presented to show adaptive beamforming at the first and second harmonic frequencies.
Generating 3D Adversarial Point Clouds (2018)

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples which are carefully crafted instances to cause the models to make wrong predictions. While adversarial examples for 2D images and CNNs have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to 3D data such as point clouds. Given many safety-critical 3D applications such as autonomous driving, it is important to study how adversarial point clouds could affect current deep 3D models. In this work, we propose several novel algorithms to craft adversarial point clouds against PointNet, a widely used deep neural network for point cloud processing. Our algorithms work in two ways: adversarial point perturbation and adversarial point generation. For point perturbation, we shift existing points negligibly. For point generation, we generate either a set of independent and scattered points or a small number (1-3) of point clusters with meaningful shapes such as balls and airplanes which could be hidden in the human psyche. In addition, we formulate six perturbation measurement metrics tailored to the attacks in point clouds and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed algorithms on the ModelNet40 3D shape classification dataset. Overall, our attack algorithms achieve a success rate higher than 99% for all targeted attacks
A comparison of wearable fitness devices (2016)

From the results of experiments on four wearable devices, it is determined that the most acceptable in terms of price and satisfaction levels is the Withings Pulse, followed by the Fitbit Flex, Jawbone Up24, and Misfit Shine.
A Convenient Method to Prepare Novel Rare Earth Metal Ce‐Doped Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light (2015)

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐ C 3 N 4 ) doped with the rare earth metal Ce was prepared by a simple method using melamine and Ce( SO 4 ) 2 · 4H 2 O as precursors. X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ), UV ‐vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FT‐IR ), scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), photoluminescence ( PL ) spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. The results indicate that the introduction of Ce inhibits the crystal growth of g‐ C 3 N 4 , decreases the bandgap energy, and increases the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. The activities of Ce‐doped g‐ C 3 N 4 catalysts were tested in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B ( RhB ) under visible light. The rate constant of Ce‐doped g‐ C 3 N 4 is 2.1× that of neat g‐ C 3 N 4 . A possible mechanism is proposed.
The data that drives cyber insurance: a study into the underwriting and claims processes (2020)

Cyber insurance is a key component in risk management, intended to transfer risks and support business recovery in the event of a cyber incident. As cyber insurance is still a new concept in practice and research, there are many unanswered questions regarding the data and economic models that drive it, the coverage options and pricing of premiums, and its more procedural policy-related aspects. This paper aims to address some of these questions by focusing on the key types of data which are used by cyber-insurance practitioners, particularly for decision-making in the insurance underwriting and claim processes. We further explore practitioners' perceptions of the challenges they face in gathering and using data, and identify gaps where further data is required. We draw our conclusions from a qualitative study by conducting a focus group with a range of cyber-insurance professionals (including underwriters, actuaries, claims specialists, breach responders, and cyber operations specialists) and provide valuable contributions to existing knowledge. These insights include examples of key data types which contribute to the calculation of premiums and decisions on claims, the identification of challenges and gaps at various stages of data gathering, and initial perspectives on the development of a pre-competitive dataset for the cyber insurance industry. We believe an improved understanding of data gathering and usage in cyber insurance, and of the current challenges faced, can be invaluable for informing future research and practice.
Type XI collagen-induced arthritis in the Lewis rat. Characterization of cellular and humoral immune responses to native types XI, V, and II collagen and constituent <i>alpha</i> -chains. (1994)

Autoimmune arthritis can be induced in rats by immunization with cartilage-specific types II and XI collagen. Type XI collagen is composed of alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI), and alpha 3(XI) chains, in which alpha 3(XI) is essentially identical to alpha 1(II) of type II, and alpha 1(XI) and alpha 2(XI) are similar to alpha 1(V) and alpha 2(V) of type V collagen. To characterize the immune response to type XI collagen, Lewis rats were injected with bovine type XI collagen, and the cellular and humoral responses were compared with those of rats injected with types V and II collagen. Arthritis, IgG deposits in cartilage, and joint destruction were seen in rats immunized with types XI and II collagen. Type XI elicited strong cellular responses to rat types XI, V, and II; conversely, types II and V collagen elicited strong responses to rat type XI. Antitype XI Abs reacted with rat type XI, moderately with rat type V, but poorly with rat type II. Direct and inhibition ELISA showed that cross-reactions between types XI and V collagen resulted from recognition of determinants shared by their respective alpha 2(XI) and alpha 1(V) chains. Abs eluted from joints of rats immunized with type XI collagen, however, reacted only with native rat type XI collagen. These data demonstrate that type XI collagen induces diverse populations of Abs differing in collagen-type specificity, and suggest that only those Abs to native rat type XI collagen are central to the pathogenesis of type XI collagen-induced arthritis.
Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using a Series-Resonant Voltage Multiplier Operating in Frequency-Multiplied Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Series-Connected Supercapacitors (2015)

Cell voltage equalizers are necessary to ensure years of operation and maximize the chargeable/dischargeable energy of series-connected supercapacitors (SCs). A two-switch voltage equalizer using a series-resonant voltage multiplier operating in frequency-multiplied discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is proposed for series-connected SCs in this paper. The frequency-multiplied mode virtually increases the operation frequency and hence mitigates the negative impact of the impedance mismatch of capacitors on equalization performance, allowing multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) to be used instead of bulky and costly tantalum capacitors, the conventional approach when using voltage multipliers in equalizers. Furthermore, the DCM operation inherently provides the constant current characteristic, realizing the excessive current protection that is desirable for SCs, which experience 0V and equivalently become an equivalent short-circuit load. Experimental equalization tests were performed for eight SCs connected in series under two frequency conditions to verify the improved equalization performance at the increased virtual operation frequencies. The standard deviation of cell voltages under the higher-frequency condition was lower than that under the lower-frequency condition, demonstrating superior equalization performance at higher frequencies.
Audiovisual Fusion: Challenges and New Approaches (2015)

In this paper, we review recent results on audiovisual (AV) fusion. We also discuss some of the challenges and report on approaches to address them. One important issue in AV fusion is how the modalities interact and influence each other. This review will address this question in the context of AV speech processing, and especially speech recognition, where one of the issues is that the modalities both interact but also sometimes appear to desynchronize from each other. An additional issue that sometimes arises is that one of the modalities may be missing at test time, although it is available at training time; for example, it may be possible to collect AV training data while only having access to audio at test time. We will review approaches to address this issue from the area of multiview learning, where the goal is to learn a model or representation for each of the modalities separately while taking advantage of the rich multimodal training data. In addition to multiview learning, we also discuss the recent application of deep learning (DL) toward AV fusion. We finally draw conclusions and offer our assessment of the future in the area of AV fusion.
Molecular Characterization of the R Factors Implicated in the Carbenicillin Resistance of a Sequence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strains Isolated from Burns (1973)

An outbreak of R-factor-mediated carbenicillin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burned patients in March 1969 was followed by a second outbreak 6 months later. No R-factor-carrying P. aeruginosa strains were detected in the intervening period but R-factor-determined lactamase was commonly encountered, particularly in Klebsiella aerogenes strains. A comparison of the molecular properties of the R factors in pseudomonads from the first and second phases with those in the Klebsiella strains from the intervening period showed them to be very closely related. A single R-factor type therefore may have been maintained in the Burns Unit between the two Pseudomonas outbreaks as a plasmid conferring resistance to ampicillin in K. aerogenes.
Erratum: “Organic bistable light-emitting devices” [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>80</b>, 362 (2002)] (2002)

First Page
Independent Component Analysis for Blind Unmixing of Hyperspectral Imagery With Additional Constraints (2011)

In recent years, independent component analysis (ICA) has been applied to unmix the hyperspectral data since it can perform without the prior knowledge of ground objects. The traditional ICA algorithm regards the extracted independent components as unmixing results, which is not reasonable for hyperspectral imagery, because different endmembers are not actually independent from each other. In order to solve this problem, a new approach, named as constrained ICA, is proposed, in which we consider “uncorrelation” instead of “independence.” Two constraints of the hyperspectral data (the abundance nonnegative and abundance sum-to-one constraints) are introduced to the ICA, changing its objective function based on independence assumption. Furthermore, we develop a technique, called as adaptive abundance modeling, to characterize the statistical distribution of the data. The model is automatically constructed according to the given data, which can encourage the algorithm that is applicable to various hyperspectral images with different statistical characteristics. The experimental results on both simulated and real hyperspectral data demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain more accurate results with respect to existing algorithms. As an algorithm with no need of prior spectral knowledge, our method provides an effective solution for the blind unmixing of the hyperspectral data.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases the number of necrotic neurons in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. (1995)

Marked increases in the brain expression of interleukin (IL)-1 have been reported in rats after permanent occlusion of a large cerebral artery. Interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of ischemic injury to the myocardium and other organs. In this study we asked whether inhibiting the effects of IL-1 would affect the outcome of an experimental brain infarct. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 13) with permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were given IL-1 receptor antagonist. A second group (n = 13) with the same type of brain injury was given a placebo. A third group, subjected to a sham operation, was given either IL-1 receptor antagonist (n = 2) or a placebo (n = 2). Experiments were terminated after either 24 hours or 7 days. Compared with the control group, animals treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist improved their neurological score (P < 0.05), experienced less pronounced changes in body weight (P < 0.05), and had fewer necrotic neurons (P < 0.001) and fewer leukocytes in the ischemic hemisphere (P < 0.001) as well as a smaller area of pallor (P < 0.05) in the ischemis hemisphere. The results suggest that inhibiting the proinflammatory effects of IL-1 with a receptor antagonist is an effective way of influencing the leukocyte responses elicited by an arterial occlusion. Such leukocyte inhibition seemingly attenuates the number of necrotic neurons resulting from the occlusion of a large brain artery.
Explicit Early-Z Culling for Efficient Fluid Flow Simulation and Rendering (2004)

We present an efficient algorithm for simulation and rendering of fluid flow on graphics hardware. Our algorithm takes advantage of explicit early-z culling to reduce the amount of computation during both the simulation and rendering steps. Our approach is straightforward to implement and speeds up our simulations in some cases by a factor of three.
Molecular interaction databases (2012)

Molecular interaction databases are playing an ever more important role in our understanding of the biology of the cell. An increasing number of resources exist to provide these data and many of these have adopted the controlled vocabularies and agreed-upon standardised data formats produced by the Molecular Interaction workgroup of the Human Proteome Organization Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO PSI-MI). Use of these standards allows each resource to establish PSI Common QUery InterfaCe (PSICQUIC) service, making data from multiple resources available to the user in response to a single query. This cooperation between databases has been taken a stage further, with the establishment of the International Molecular Exchange (IMEx) consortium which aims to maximise the curation power of numerous data resources, and provide the user with a non-redundant, consistently annotated set of interaction data.
An approach to out-of-sequence measurements in feedback control systems (2008)

Complex communication network architectures are becoming more frequent in control applications. In such networked control systems, it is often the case that information on process variables is received out-of-time-order. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to handling this out-of-sequence information problem. Such approach leads to a solution involving the joint probability density of current state and past measurements not yet received. Under linear Gaussian assumptions, the Bayesian solution reduces to an augmented state Kalman filter. Our approach augments the state dynamically based on the list of missing observations. As this solution can be time and memory consuming, two simplified implementations of the algorithm are presented.