gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Degradability of Certain Feed Supplements in Buffaloes Fed on Straw Diets (1998)

Protein and dry matter degradabilities of caged poultry dropping (CPD), deolled rice bran (DORB), groundnut cake (GNC), soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM) were estimated in buffaloes using in sacco technique. The available RDF and UDP values (g/kg DM)), especttvely of GNC, SBM, FM, CPD and DORB were 341, 25; 276, 60; 242, 249; 31, 45 and 105, 44.
Language modeling for robust balancing of acoustic and linguistic probabilities (2002)

The length of a word sequence is not taken into account under language modeling in n-gram local probability modeling. Due to this property, the optimal value of the language weight for balancing acoustic and linguistic probabilities is affected by the sequence length. To deal with this problem, a new language model is developed based on the Bernoulli trial model. By taking the sequence length into account, not only is better recognition accuracy achieved, but also more robust balancing with the acoustic probability, as compared with the normal n-gram model.
Development of an Efficient “Substrate-trapping” Mutant of Src Homology Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase 2 and Identification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Gab1, and Three Other Proteins as Target Substrates (2003)

Src homology containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a positive effector of growth factor, cytokine, and integrin signaling. However, neither its physiological substrate nor its mechanism of action in tyrosine kinase signaling has been demonstrated. We reasoned that the identification of physiological substrates of SHP2 would be a stepping stone in elucidating its mechanism of action, and, thus, we constructed a potent trapping mutant of SHP2. Surprisingly, the frequently used Asp to Ala substitution did not give rise to a trapping mutant. However, we were able to develop an efficient trapping mutant of SHP2 by introducing Asp to Ala and Cys to Ser double mutations. The double mutant (DM) protein identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the Grb2 binder 1, and three other, as yet unidentified, phosphotyrosyl proteins as candidate physiological substrates. Given that substrate trapping occurred in intact cells and that the interaction was very specific, it is highly likely that EGFR and Gab1 represent physiological SHP2 substrates. Therefore, the DM protein would serve as an important tool in future SHP2 studies, including identification of p190, p150, and p90.
A declarative query processing system for nowcasting (2016)

Nowcasting is the practice of using social media data to quantify ongoing real-world phenomena. It has been used by researchers to measure flu activity, unemployment behavior, and more. However, the typical nowcasting workflow requires either slow and tedious manual searching of relevant social media messages or automated statistical approaches that are prone to spurious and low-quality results. In this paper, we propose a method for declaratively specifying a nowcasting model; this method involves processing a user query over a very large social media database, which can take hours. Due to the human-in-the-loop nature of constructing nowcasting models, slow runtimes place an extreme burden on the user. Thus we also propose a novel set of query optimization techniques, which allow users to quickly construct nowcasting models over very large datasets. Further, we propose a novel query quality alarm that helps users estimate phenomena even when historical ground truth data is not available. These contributions allow us to build a declarative nowcasting data management system, R accoon DB, which yields high-quality results in interactive time. We evaluate R accoon DB using 40 billion tweets collected over five years. We show that our automated system saves work over traditional manual approaches while improving result quality---57% more accurate in our user study---and that its query optimizations yield a 424x speedup, allowing it to process queries 123x faster than a 300-core Spark cluster, using only 10% of the computational resources.
Does space make waste? The influence of ICU bed capacity on admission decisions (2013)

For hospitalized patients with sudden clinical deterioration, ICU bed scarcity decreases the probability of ICU admission and increases the probability of initiating comfort measures on the ward but does not influence hospital mortality.
The internet of things: mapping the value beyond the hype (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT)—sensors and actuators connected by networks to computing systems—has received enormous attention over the past five years. A new McKinsey Global Institute report, The Internet of Things: Mapping the value beyond the hype, attempts to determine exactly how IoT technology can create real economic value. Our central finding is that the hype may actually understate the full potential—but that capturing it will require an understanding of where real value can be created and a successful effort to address a set of systems issues, including interoperability. To get a broader view of the IoT’s potential benefits and challenges across the global economy, we analyzed more than 150 use cases, ranging from people whose devices monitor health and wellness to manufacturers that utilize sensors to optimize the maintenance of equipment and protect the safety of workers. Our bottom-up analysis for the applications we size estimates that the IoT has a total potential economic impact of $3.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion a year by 2025. At the top end, that level of value—including the consumer surplus—would be equivalent to about 11 percent of the world economy.
The role of frit in nuclear waste vitrification (1994)

Vitrification of nuclear waste requires additives which are often vitrified independently to form a frit. Frit composition is formulated to meet the needs of glass composition and processing. The effects of frit on melter feed and melt processing, glass acceptance, and waste loading is of practical interest in understanding the trade-offs associated with the competing demands placed on frit composition. Melter feed yield stress, viscosity and durability of frits and corresponding waste glasses as well as the kinetics of elementary melting processes have been measured. The results illustrate the competing requirements on frit. Four frits (FY91, FY93, HW39-4, and SR202) and simulated neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) were used in this study. The experimental evidence shows that optimization of frit for one processing related property often results in poorer performance for the remaining properties. The difficulties associated with maximum waste loading and durability are elucidated for glasses which could be processed using technology available for the previously proposed Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant.
Neurologic Factors in Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction (2010)

Sexual dysfunction affects both men and women, involving organic disorders, psychological problems, or both. Overall, the state of our knowledge is less advanced regarding female sexual physiology in comparison with male sexual function. Female sexual dysfunction has received little clinical and basic research attention and remains a largely untapped field in medicine. The epidemiology of female sexual dysfunction is poorly understood because relatively few studies have been done in community settings. In the United States, female sexual dysfunction has been estimated to affect 40% of women in the general population. Among the elderly, however, it has been reported that up to 87% of women complain of sexual dissatisfaction. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of female sexual arousal disorders correlates significantly with increasing age. These studies have shown that sexual arousal and frequency of coitus in the female decreases with increasing age. The pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction appears more complex than that of males, involving multidimensional hormonal, neurological, vascular, psychological, and interpersonal aspects. Organic female sexual disorders may include a wide variety of vascular, neural, or neurovascular factors that lead to problems with libido, lubrication, and orgasm. However, the precise etiology and mechanistic pathways of age-related female sexual arousal disorders are yet to be determined. In the past two decades, some advances have been made in exploring the basic hemodynamics and neuroregulation of female sexual function and dysfunction in both animal models and in human studies. In this review, we summarize neural regulation of sexual function and neurological causes of sexual dysfunction in women.
MODERN ROMANIAN UNIVERSITIES. THE TEACHER AND THE STUDENT (2017)

The aim of this article is to illustrate some of the fundamental ideas that were central to the development of XIX century Romanian higher education; in doing so, it relies on discourses related to the academia. In the context of studies dedicated to Romanian education in general and higher education in particular, this paper offers a critical account of the ideas that animated the creation of the first Romanian universities, subordinating them to the central research topic of the article: the teacher and the student.
Functional, Perfusion and Diffusion MRI of acute Focal Ischemic Brain Injury (2005)

Combined functional, perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a temporal resolution of 30 mins was performed on permanent and transient focal ischemic brain injury in rats during the acute phase. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF), and functional MRI (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD), CBF, and CMRO(2) responses associated with CO(2) challenge and forepaw stimulation were measured. An automated cluster analysis of ADC and CBF data was used to track the spatial and temporal progression of different tissue types (e.g., normal, 'at risk,' and ischemic core) on a pixel-by-pixel basis. With permanent ischemia (n=11), forepaw stimulation fMRI response in the primary somatosensory cortices was lost, although vascular coupling (CO(2) response) was intact in some animals. Control experiments in which the right common carotid artery was ligated without causing a stroke (n=8) showed that the delayed transit time had negligible effect on the fMRI responses in the primary somatosensory cortices. With temporary (15-mins, n=8) ischemia, transient CBF and/or ADC declines were observed after reperfusion. However, no T(2) or TTC lesions were observed at 24 h except in two animals, which showed very small subcortical lesions. Vascular coupling and forepaw fMRI response also remained intact. Finally, comparison of the relative and absolute fMRI signal changes suggest caution when interpreting percent changes in disease states in which the baseline signals are physiologically altered; quantitative CBF fMRI are more appropriate measures. This approach provides valuable information regarding ischemic tissue viability, vascular coupling, and functional integrity associated with ischemic injury and could have potential clinical applications.
Cell gap and twist angle determinations of a reflective liquid crystal display (2000)

A simple method for determining the cell gap and twist angle of a reflective liquid crystal display is developed. Both theoretical analyzes and experimental procedures are presented, Excellent agreement between experiment and theory are found.
Highly integrated and scalable PLC interleaver modules (2002)

This paper describes four different types of PLC Fourier-filter interleaver designs and compares their optical performance. All of these interleave filters consist of multiple unbalanced Mach-Zender interferometer stages, but use different directional coupler designs. They use a new optical design with good optical performance, including cross talk > 32 dB, 0.5dB passband width > 68% of channel spacing, and ripple within 40% of channel spacing window of < 0.25dB. A new filter approach is introduced which uses only standard symmetric couplers in a coupling-ratio dispersion compensating configuration and provides better optical performance in terms of crosstalk, passband width, ripple and insertion loss and better tolerance to fabrication errors as compared to interleave filter circuits that utilize MMI couplers, Fourier-filter couplers, or standard couplers in a conventional configuration.
Crowd Access Path Optimization: Diversity Matters (2015)

Quality assurance is one the most important challenges in crowdsourcing. Assigning tasks to several workers to increase quality through redundant answers can be expensive if asking homogeneous sources. This limitation has been overlooked by current crowdsourcing platforms resulting therefore in costly solutions. In order to achieve desirable cost-quality tradeoffs it is essential to apply efficient crowd access optimization techniques. Our work argues that optimization needs to be aware of diversity and correlation of information within groups of individuals so that crowdsourcing redundancy can be adequately planned beforehand. Based on this intuitive idea, we introduce the Access Path Model (APM), a novel crowd model that leverages the notion of access paths as an alternative way of retrieving information. APM aggregates answers ensuring high quality and meaningful confidence. Moreover, we devise a greedy optimization algorithm for this model that finds a provably good approximate plan to access the crowd. We evaluate our approach on three crowdsourced datasets that illustrate various aspects of the problem. Our results show that the Access Path Model combined with greedy optimization is cost-efficient and practical to overcome common difficulties in large-scale crowdsourcing like data sparsity and anonymity.
A strategy for reduction of streak artifacts in low-dose CT (2004)

Streak artifacts have been one of the major classes of image artifacts resulting from excessive quantum noise in low-dose X-ray CT. It has been shown that, to treat the noise in low-dose CT more accurately, both the analysis of the noise properties of the projection data and the development of a corresponding efficient filtering method are necessary. From our previous analysis of the calibrated low-dose CT projection data, it was clearly seen that the data could be regarded as approximately Gaussian distributed with nonlinear signal-dependent variance. Based on this observation, a penalized weighted least square (WLS) statistic framework was chosen for an optimal solution. In this work, we further incorporated a novel a priori idea into the framework, which can accurately preserve more information in high-noise regions with a significant reduction of the streak artifacts. This new penalty term was directly calculated from the sinogram. The method was tested by experimental data acquired at 120 kVp and 10 mA protocols, demonstrating a significant reduction on streak artifacts and noise suppression without sacrificing the spatial resolution.
TARDIS: Distributed Indexing Framework for Big Time Series Data (2019)

The massive amounts of time series data continuously generated and collected by applications warrant the need for large scale distributed time series processing systems. Indexing plays a critical role in speeding up time series similarity queries on which various analytics and applications rely. However, the state-of-the-art indexing techniques, which are iSAX-based structures, do not scale well due to the small adopted fan-out (binary) that leads to a highly deep index tree, and the expensive search cost through many internal nodes. More seriously, the iSAX character-level cardinality adopted by these indices suffers from a poor maintenance of the proximity relationships among the time series objects, which leads to severe accuracy degradation for approximate similarity queries. In this paper, we propose the TARDIS distributed indexing framework to overcome the aforementioned limitations. TARDIS introduces a novel iSAX index tree that is based on a new word-level variable cardinality. The proposed index ensures compact structure, efficient search and comparison, and good preservation of the similarity relationships. TARDIS is suitable for indexing and querying billion-scale time series datasets. TARDIS is composed of one centralized global index and local distributed indices-one per each data partition across the cluster. TARDIS uses both the global and local indices to efficiently support exact match and kNN approximate queries. The system is implemented using Apache Spark, and extensive experiments are conducted on benchmark and real-world datasets. Evaluation results demonstrate that for over one billion time series dataset (TB scale), the construction of a clustered index is about 83% faster than the existing techniques. Moreover, the average response time of exact match queries is decreased by 50%, and the accuracy of the kNN approximate queries has increased more than 10 fold (from 3% to 40%) compared to the existing techniques.
Mobile 3D Video Using MVC and N800 Internet Tablet (2008)

The recent advances in capture, display and content representation technologies allow 3D video services to come to reality. In this paper, we present a prototype device that implements the emerging MVC standard on a portable device and achieves real-time 3D video operation. The developed prototype is based on Nokia N800 Internet Tablet and it is able to decode and display stereoscopic video simultaneously. To achieve this, an H.264/AVC decoder is first ported on the N800 environment with various optimizations and architectural changes, so that real-time decoding operation of two views is possible. The decoded pictures from different views are then interleaved and rendered on a screen with a parallax barrier. This way, the user is able to enjoy 3D video real-time on a mobile device. It is believed that this implementation is a realistic demonstration of the potential of upcoming mobile 3D video services, such as mobile 3DTV, mobile 3D video conferencing, etc.
Wide baseline stereo matching (2002)

The objective of this work is to enlarge the class of camera motions for which epipolar geometry and image correspondences can be computed automatically. This facilitates matching between quite disparate views-wide baseline stereo. Two extensions are made to the current small baseline algorithms: first, and most importantly, a viewpoint invariant measure is developed for assessing the affinity of corner neighbourhoods over image pairs; second, algorithms are given for generating putative corner matches between image pairs using local homographies. Two novel infrastructure developments are also described: the automatic generation of local homographies, and the combination of possibly conflicting sets of matches prior to RANSAC estimation. The wide baseline matching algorithm is demonstrated on a number of image pairs with varying relative motion, and for different scene types. All processing is automatic.
Rapid NK cell differentiation in a population with near-universal human cytomegalovirus infection is attenuated by NKG2C deletions (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells differentiate and mature during the human life course; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a known driver of this process. We have explored human NK cell phenotypic and functional maturation in a rural African (Gambian) population with a high prevalence of HCMV. The effect of age on the frequency, absolute number, phenotype, and functional capacity of NK cells was monitored in 191 individuals aged from 1 to 49 years. Increasing frequencies of NK cells with age were associated with increased proportions of CD56dim cells expressing the differentiation marker CD57 and expansion of the NKG2C+ subset. Frequencies of NK cells responding to exogenous cytokines declined with age in line with a decreased proportion of CD57- cells. These changes coincided with a highly significant drop in anti-HCMV IgG titers by the age of 10 years, suggesting that HCMV infection is brought under control as NK cells differentiate (or vice versa). Deletion at the NKG2C locus was associated with a gene dose-dependent reduction in proportions of CD94+ and CD57+ NK cells. Importantly, anti-HCMV IgG titers were significantly elevated in NKG2C-/- children, suggesting that lack of expression of NKG2C may be associated with altered control of HCMV in childhood.
Phenotypic transcription factors epigenetically mediate cell growth control (2008)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are down-regulated during osteogenesis, myogenesis, and adipogenesis, necessitating a mechanistic understanding of interrelationships between growth control and phenotype commitment. Here, we show that cell fate-determining factors [MyoD, myogenin (Mgn), Runx2, C/EBPbeta] occupy rDNA loci and suppress rRNA expression during lineage progression, concomitant with decreased rRNA expression and reciprocal loss of occupancy by c-Myc, a proliferation-specific activator of rRNA transcription. We find interaction of phenotypic factors with the polymerase I activator upstream binding factor UBF-1 at interphase nucleoli, and this interaction is epigenetically retained on mitotic chromosomes at nucleolar organizing regions. Ectopic expression and RNA interference establish that MyoD, Mgn, Runx2, and C/EBPbeta each functionally suppress rRNA genes and global protein synthesis. We conclude that epigenetic control of ribosomal biogenesis by lineage-specific differentiation factors is a general developmental mechanism for coordinate control of cell growth and phenotype.
A 69-dB SNDR 300-MS/s Two-Time Interleaved Pipelined SAR ADC in 16-nm CMOS FinFET With Capacitive Reference Stabilization (2018)

A two-time interleaved pipelined SAR ADC in 16-nm CMOS achieving 11.2-bit ENOB at 300 MS/s is presented. To cancel the signal-dependent voltage ripple on the reference node due to DAC switching, it employs a stabilization scheme based on the use of auxiliary DACs. The charge drawn from the reference becomes signal-independent, greatly reducing the requirements for the reference decoupling capacitance and/or buffers. The technique improves the linearity to levels better than 76-dB harmonic distortion. Power consumption is only 3.6 mW resulting in peak FoMs of 175.5 dB and 5.1 fJ/conv.step.
"Why is Bilbo Baggins Invisible?: The Hidden War in The Hobbit (2015)

Why is Bilbo Baggins invisible? This study suggests that Tolkien’s knowledge of philology, theology, philosophy, literature, history, and his own life experience all contribute to the development of the symbolic, moral, and psychological significance of invisibility in The Hobbit. On one level, Tolkien’s theology is informed by his philology, so that being invisible (or “not able to be seen”) becomes a way of symbolically representing the Augustinian concept of evil as the absence of good in the world. On another level, Tolkien’s use of invisibility in The Hobbit demonstrates his knowledge of the philosophic and literary tradition associated with the story of the ring of Gyges in Plato’s Republic, a story that suggests that when people’s actions are not visible and open to the moral scrutiny of others, people may become self-serving and cease to be virtuous. Finally, in his historic role as a signals officer in World War I, Tolkien was often, in effect, invisible to those he was serving and seeking to save on the battlefield. Like Bilbo when he was invisible, he could be heard, but not seen. So invisibility in The Hobbit may correspond to the psychologically traumatizing experience of being in combat. At each of these three levels, invisibility in The Hobbit relates to a hidden war: the conflict between good and evil in the macrocosm of the universe, the resistance to temptation in the microcosm of the heart, and, in a sense, to World War I itself. Readers who understand the deeper symbolic, moral, and psychological significance of invisibility in The Hobbit will no longer see it as a mere magic trick to move the plot forward, but will instead appreciate the deeper meaning of the motif.