gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Acute Myocardial Ischemia During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty by Endocardial Acceleration (2004)

The first heart sound is generated by vibrations from the myocardium during isovolumic contraction. Peak endocardial acceleration (PEA) has been used previously to measure these vibrations in humans and correlates with myocardial contractility during inotropic interventions. It is unknown if changes in PEA can be used to characterize a reduction in contractility during ischemic episodes. This study was designed to evaluate the use of an endocardial accelerometer for the detection of acute myocardial ischemia. Thirteen patients undergoing routine percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) consented to having a single-axis, lead-based accelerometer positioned in the right ventricular apex. PEA was defined as the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude during a window 50 ms before to 200 ms following the peak R wave. Time of endocardial acceleration (TEA) was defined as the time from the peak R wave to the maximum accelerometer signal within this window. To obtain a more robust estimate of the strength of vibrations, a 100-beat template of the accelerometer signal was constructed at baseline and applied as a matched filter during ischemia. The peak magnitude of the filtered endocardial accelerometer signal (Max Filtered EA) was used as an index of signal intensity. Median baseline PEA, TEA, and Max Filtered EA were 0.91 +/- 0.35 g, 75.2 +/- 16.2 ms, and 0.40 +/- 0.20 g, respectively. PEA and Max Filtered EA significantly decreased by 7% during ischemia (0.91 to 0.85 g and 0.40 to 0.37 g, both P < 0.05, respectively). TEA did not significantly change from baseline (77.0 ms, P = ns). The results of this study suggest that acute ischemia can be detected with an endocardial accelerometer in humans.
Arterial myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass through a small thoracotomy (1996)

The opportunity to obviate the risks associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) while maintaining the long-term survival previously demonstrated with the use of arterial grafts, led us to perform myocardial arterial revascularization without CPB, using a small left thoracotomy as the surgical approach. One patient was operated on with this technique grafting the left anterior descending artery with the left internal mammary artery and grafting sequentially the first diagonal branch and the first marginal branch with a T-graft of radial artery. A small anterolateral thoracotomy was performed and the proximal harvesting of the left internal mammary artery was video-assisted by thoracoscopy. No hemodynamic deterioration occurred during the procedure. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Simulations, Practical Limitations, and Novel Growth Technology for InGaN-Based Solar Cells (2014)

Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) alloys exhibit substantial potential for high-efficiency photovoltaics. However, theoretical promise still needs to be experimentally realized. This paper presents a detailed theoretical study to provide guidelines to achieve high-efficiency InGaN solar cells. While the efficiency of heterojunction devices is limited to ~11%, homojunction devices can achieve suitable efficiencies, provided that highly p-type-doped InGaN layers and thick, single-phase InGaN films can be grown. Thus, we have developed a novel growth technology that facilitates growth of p-type nitride films with greatly improved hole concentration and growth of InGaN without phase separation, offering promise for future high-efficiency InGaN solar cells.
Augmentation of anti-HLA-E antibodies with concomitant HLA-Ia reactivity in IFN<i>γ</i>-treated autologous melanoma cell vaccine recipients<sup>*</sup> (2012)

HLA-E expressed on the surface of melanoma cells and shed into circulation are known to inhibit killing of tumor cells by binding to CD94/NKGA2 receptors on cytotoxic T- and NKT cells. Interferon (IFN)-γ is known to promote HLA-E over-expression on the cell surface and shedding. The shed HLA-E heavy chain may expose cryptic epitopes to elicit antibodies (Abs). The anti-HLA-E Abs may bind to shed HLA-E or to the tumor cell surface to block its interaction with CTL/NKT cells. This is the basis for a melanoma cell vaccine that will generate anti-HLA-E Abs. The objective of this study was to characterize the antibody response and characterize the cross-reactivity of the antibodies produced in melanoma patients immunized with autologous melanoma cells treated with IFNγ. Anti-HLA-E murine mAbs and serum anti-HLA-E Abs in healthy individuals were known to react with HLA-Ia alleles, which is attributed to the presence of peptide sequences shared between HLA-E and HLA-Ia. Therefore, pre- and post-immune (weeks 4 and 24) serum Abs reacting to both HLA-E and HLA-Ia alleles were measured by multiplex Luminex®-based immunoassay. To ascertain whether the reactivity of the serum Abs to HLA-Ia was due to anti-HLA-E Abs, the shared-peptides were used to inhibit anti-HLA-E and HLA-Ia reactivities. The level of anti-HLA-E IgG in sera has increased post-immunization from its pre-immune level. Concomitantly, the HLA-Ia reactivity of the sera was also augmented. The reactivity of both anti-HLA-E Abs and HLA-Ia were inhibited by the shared-peptides. The HLA-Ia reactivity of the anti-HLA-E Abs in patients' sera is similar to the HLA-Ia reactivity of the anti-HLA-E mAbs and anti-HLA-E Abs in normal sera. The results establish the immunogenicity of HLA-E and also ascertain that the HLA-Ia reactivity of the anti-HLA-E Abs is due to shared-peptide epitopes.
Study of Solar Pumped Laser for Fossil-fuel-free Energy Cycle Using Magnesium (2008)

A new type of solar pumped laser system that has features of high-efficiency and low cost due to the use of a Fresnel lens and a Cr codoped Nd:YAG ceramic laser medium is reported in this paper. Slope efficiencies of 7 to 9% have been achieved. The laser output of about 80 W was achieved with the combination of a 4-m2 Fresnel lens and solar light chamber as a secondary power concentrator. The maximum output from a unit area of the Fresnel lens was 20 W/m2, which is 2.8 times larger than the previous results with a mirror type concentrator.
A Glycerol‐based Carbon Catalyst for the Preparation of Biodiesel (2009)

A carbon catalyst obtained from glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel processing, with a high density of sulfonic acid groups is prepared by carbonization and sulfurization (see figure). The carbon catalyst, with very good water tolerance and reusability, is useful for the preparation of biodiesel from fatty acids or from fatty acids present in vegetable oils and animal fats.
<title>Droplet-size polydispersity in polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal films</title> (1991)

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are useful in light control applications because they can be switched electrically between light scattering and transparent states. The light scattering effectiveness of a film is intimately related to the size-distribution of the liquid crystal droplets and varies with the wavelength of light. The authors have prepared PDLC films with several droplet sizes and size-distributions, some of which exhibit a polydispersity of droplet sizes. Compared with films characterized by a standard or monodisperse droplet size distribution, polydisperse films exhibit enhanced light scattering and appear well suited for a variety of applications where extended or tuned-wavelength-range light-scattering properties are important.
An optimized template matching approach to intra coding in video/image compression (2014)

The template matching prediction is an established approach to intra-frame coding that makes use of previously coded pixels in the same frame for reference. It compares the previously reconstructed upper and left boundaries in searching from the reference area the best matched block for prediction, and hence eliminates the need of sending additional information to reproduce the same prediction at decoder. In viewing the image signal as an auto-regressive model, this work is premised on the fact that pixels closer to the known block boundary are better predicted than those far apart. It significantly extends the scope of the template matching approach, which is typically followed by a conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT) for the prediction residuals, by employing an asymmetric discrete sine transform (ADST), whose basis functions vanish at the prediction boundary and reach maximum magnitude at far end, to fully exploit statistics of the residual signals. It was experimentally shown that the proposed scheme provides substantial coding performance gains on top of the conventional template matching method over the baseline.
Sequencing by Emergence: Modeling and Estimation (2021)

Sequencing by Emergence (SEQE) is a new single-molecule nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) sequencing technology that estimates sequence as an emergent property of the binding and localization of a repertoire of short oligonucleotide probes. SEQE promises to deliver accurate, ultra-long, haplotype-phased reads at the whole genome-scale for very low cost within 10 minutes. The data SEQE generates requires entirely new inference techniques. In this paper we introduce a probabilistic model of the SEQE measurement process and an algorithm that estimates sequence by solving a convex relaxation of the corresponding maximum likelihood problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on a variety of simulated datasets.
A Digitally Controlled Injection-Locked Oscillator With Fine Frequency Resolution (2016)

We propose a digitally controlled injection-locked RF oscillator with an auxiliary loop as an alternative to the conventional capacitive fine-tuning of an LC-tank. The oscillator is injection locked to a time-delayed version of its resonating voltage and its frequency is modulated by manipulating the phase and amplitude of injected current. The injection strength can be programmed for the DCO step size to be as fine as 9 kHz at 4 GHz. Alternatively, with large injection strength, the tuning range can reach up to 200 MHz. The proposed oscillator is experimentally verified in TSMC 40 nm digital CMOS.
LYK4, a Lysin Motif Receptor-Like Kinase, Is Important for Chitin Signaling and Plant Innate Immunity in Arabidopsis    (2012)

Chitin is commonly found in fungal cell walls and is one of the well-studied microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Previous studies showed that lysin motif (LysM)-containing proteins are essential for plant recognition of chitin, leading to the activation of plant innate immunity. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the LYK1/CERK1 (for LysM-containing receptor-like kinase1/chitin elicitor receptor kinase1) was shown to be essential for chitin recognition, whereas in rice (Oryza sativa), the LysM-containing protein, CEBiP (for chitin elicitor-binding protein), was shown to be involved in chitin recognition. Unlike LYK1/CERK1, CEBiP lacks an intracellular kinase domain. Arabidopsis possesses three CEBiP-like genes. Our data show that mutations in these genes, either singly or in combination, did not compromise the response to chitin treatment. Arabidopsis also contains five LYK genes. Analysis of mutations in LYK2, -3, -4, or -5 showed that LYK4 is also involved in chitin signaling. The lyk4 mutants showed reduced induction of chitin-responsive genes and diminished chitin-induced cytosolic calcium elevation as well as enhanced susceptibility to both the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola, although these phenotypes were not as dramatic as that seen in the lyk1/cerk1 mutants. Similar to LYK1/CERK1, the LYK4 protein was also localized to the plasma membrane. Therefore, LYK4 may play a role in the chitin recognition receptor complex to assist chitin signal transduction and plant innate immunity.
Development of a new 6.6 kV/ 1500 A class superconducting fault current limiter for electric power systems (1993)

A superconducting current limiter comprising a noninductively wound AC superconducting coil (trigger coil) connected in parallel with a limiting coil was developed. A model electric power system for the application of this type of superconducting current limiter was created, 400 V/100 A class model superconducting current limiters were fabricated, and various current limiting tests were performed with respect to short-circuit currents and phases varied over a wide range. The results demonstrate that the proposed current limiter possesses performance characteristics fully adequate for application to the model system. A 6.6 kV/1500 A class superconducting trigger coil was developed, with a scale permitting, in principle, validation tests of applicability to actual power systems. This coil was demonstrated to be capable of limiting short-circuit currents by a factor of 1/30, and was subjected to detailed evaluation of current-limiting characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Byzantine fault tolerance can be fast (2002)

Byzantine fault tolerance is important because it can be used to implement highly-available systems that tolerate arbitrary behavior from faulty components. We present a detailed performance evaluation of BFT, a state-machine replication algorithm that tolerates Byzantine faults in asynchronous systems. Our results contradict the common belief that Byzantine fault tolerance is too slow to be used in practice, BFT performs well so that it can be used to implement real systems. We implemented a replicated NFS file system using BFT that performs 2% faster to 24% slower than production implementations of the NFS protocol that are not fault-tolerant.
Singing information processing: Concept and applications. (2010)

This paper describes recent research on singing information processing [Goto et al., Proc. of IEEE ICASSP (2010)], which is music information research for singing voices. Singing is one of the most important elements of music since a great number of people listen to music with a focus on singing, especially in the case of popular music. The concept of singing information processing systems is broad and still emerging, but three important categories are singing understanding systems, music information retrieval systems based on singing voices, and singing synthesis systems. Singing understanding systems have been developed for various tasks such as synchronizing lyrics to vocal music, singer name identification, singing skill evaluation, creating hyperlinks between phrases in the lyrics of songs, and detecting breath sounds. Music information retrieval systems based on similarity of vocal melody timbre and vocal percussion, as well as singing synthesis systems for speech-to-singing synthesis and singing-to-singing synthesis, have also been developed. Common signal processing techniques, such as techniques for extracting vocal melody from polyphonic music recordings and modeling the lyrics by using phoneme hidden Markov models for singing voices, are used in these systems. [This research was supported in part by CrestMuse, CREST, JST.]
Maternal Binding and Neutralizing IgG Responses Targeting the C-Terminal Region of the V3 Loop Are Predictive of Reduced Peripartum HIV-1 Transmission Risk (2017)

The development of an effective maternal HIV-1 vaccine that could synergize with antiretroviral therapy (ART) to eliminate pediatric HIV-1 infection will require the characterization of maternal immune responses capable of blocking transmission of autologous HIV to the infant. We previously determined that maternal plasma antibody binding to linear epitopes within the variable loop 3 (V3) region of HIV envelope (Env) and neutralizing responses against easy-to-neutralize tier 1 viruses were associated with reduced risk of peripartum HIV infection in the historic U.S. Woman and Infant Transmission Study (WITS) cohort. Here, we defined the fine specificity and function of the potentially protective maternal V3-specific IgG antibodies associated with reduced peripartum HIV transmission risk in this cohort. The V3-specific IgG binding that predicted low risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) was dependent on the C-terminal flank of the V3 crown and particularly on amino acid position 317, a residue that has also been associated with breakthrough transmission in the RV144 vaccine trial. Remarkably, the fine specificity of potentially protective maternal plasma V3-specific tier 1 virus-neutralizing responses was dependent on the same region in the V3 loop. Our findings suggest that MTCT risk is associated with neutralizing maternal IgG that targets amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the V3 loop crown, suggesting the importance of the region in immunogen design for maternal vaccines to prevent MTCT.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Efforts to curb HIV-1 transmission in pediatric populations by antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been highly successful in both developed and developing countries. However, more than 150,000 infants continue to be infected each year, likely due to a combination of late maternal HIV diagnosis, lack of ART access or adherence, and drug-resistant viral strains. Defining the fine specificity of maternal humoral responses that partially protect against MTCT of HIV is required to inform the development of a maternal HIV vaccine that will enhance these responses during pregnancy. In this study, we identified amino acid residues targeted by potentially protective maternal V3-specific IgG binding and neutralizing responses, localizing the potentially protective response in the C-terminal region of the V3 loop crown. Our findings have important implications for the design of maternal vaccination strategies that could synergize with ART during pregnancy to achieve the elimination of pediatric HIV infections.
Two-Photon Probe for Cu<sup>2+</sup> with an Internal Reference: Quantitative Estimation of Cu<sup>2+</sup> in Human Tissues by Two-Photon Microscopy (2014)

Copper ions play a crucial role in living systems as cofactors of numerous metalloenzymes. To quantitatively estimate the Cu(2+) concentration in human tissue, we have developed a two-photon (TP) probe with an internal reference (ACCu2) that shows significant TP action cross-section and high selectivity for Cu(2+) and can quantitatively estimate the Cu(2+) concentration in human colon tissues by dual-color two-photon microscopy (TPM) imaging with minimum interference from other competing metal ions or pH and minimum cytotoxicity and photostability problems. The Cu(2+) concentrations in human normal colon, polyp, and colon cancer tissues were found to be 8.3 ± 0.3, 13 ± 2, and 22 ± 3 μM, respectively. This result suggests that ACCu2 may be useful for the diagnosis of human colon cancer.
Long-Term Alterations of Heart Rate Dynamics After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2006)

In Brief We tested the hypothesis that there may be long-term alterations in overall heart rate (HR) variability and in fractal HR behavior after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Reduced HR variability predicts morbidity in various patient populations. Continuous 24-h electrocardiograph recordings were performed in 25 elective CABG surgery patients 1 wk before the operation and 6 wk and 6 mo after. Seventeen of the patients also had recordings 12 mo after CABG. Time and frequency domain measures of HR variability were assessed, along with measurement of short-term fractal scaling exponent (α1), approximate entropy, and power-law relationship of relative risk interval variability (β-slope). The high, low, very low, and ultra low frequency powers decreased significantly after the operation and remained at a significantly decreased level 6 wk and 6 and 12 mo after the operation than before (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001 for overall difference between the time points, respectively). The fractal scaling exponent α1 was at significantly more decreased 6 wk after (P < 0.05) CABG than before surgery but recovered to the preoperative level 6 mo after the operation. Long-term fractal organization (β-slope) remained stable, but the overall complexity (approximate entropy) decreased toward more predictable HR dynamics during the study period (P < 0.01 after 1 yr). The predictive value of temporary and persistent long-term changes of the HR dynamics after CABG surgery for long-term outcome is not clear. IMPLICATIONS: Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability do not recover to the preoperative level 1 yr after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Approximate entropy decreases significantly a year after surgery, indicating more predictable heart rate dynamics. The possible impact of these findings remains to be studied.
2159. Accurate Carbapenem Susceptibility Testing Within 5–6 Hours (2019)

Abstract Background Patients infected with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens may experience long delays to targeted therapies due to the incomplete antimicrobial menus and/or breakpoints tested on current commercial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) systems. Detection of carbapenem resistance poses a challenge to rapid, accurate, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determinations because some resistant organisms may be inhibited by a carbapenem antibiotic until sufficient carbapenemase production has been achieved and traditional AST platforms must wait to make MIC calls. More accurate carbapenem MICs can be determined by implementing a carbapenemase test alongside rapid AST. Methods We demonstrate a novel, proprietary test to detect carbapenemase production that enables rapid MIC testing for carbapenem antibiotics. The test is processed in parallel with the Selux next-generation phenotyping (NGP) AST method, enabling rapid, <6-hour, accurate MIC determinations. The carbapenemase assay utilizes high concentrations of intact bacteria. After 3 hours of incubation, a fluorescent pH indicator is read spectroscopically. The solution pH is lowered by carbapenemase-mediated imipenem degradation and is indicative of enzyme activity. Results This assay accurately identifies carabapenemases across multiple enzyme classes and bacterial species. Figure 1 shows the accuracy and speed of NGP AST at determining MICs for representative isolates from the FDA-CDC antimicrobial resistance bank compared with results from overnight broth microdilution (BMD). To date, over 100 challenge strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii have been tested with no very major errors and an average time-to-result of 5.3 hours. Conclusion By incorporating a rapid, on-board carbapenemase activity assay, the NGP AST platform rapidly delivers accurate carbapenem results. Combined with NGP’s comprehensive antibiotic menus, this platform will therefore ensure prompt delivery of personalized antibiotic therapies for all patients, including those infected with MDROs, and enable streamlined antibiotic stewardship coordination. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Method of preparing (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiNSO and byproducts thereof (1984)

(CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiNSO is produced by the reaction of ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 Si).sub.2 NH with SO.sub.2. Also produced in the reaction are ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 Si).sub.2 O and a new solid compound [NH.sub.4 ][(CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiOSO.sub.2 ]. Both (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiNSO and [NH.sub.4 ][(CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiOSO.sub.2 ] have fluorescent properties. The reaction of the subject invention is used in a method of measuring the concentration of SO.sub.2 pollutants in gases. By the method, a sample of gas is bubbled through a solution of ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 Si).sub.2 NH, whereby any SO.sub.2 present in the gas will react to produce the two fluorescent products. The measured fluorescence of these products can then be used to calculate the concentration of SO.sub.2 in the original gas sample. The solid product [NH.sub.4 ][(CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiOSO.sub.2 ] may be used as a standard in solid state NMR spectroscopy.