gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct targeted glycation of the free sulfhydryl group of cysteine residue (Cys‐34) of BSA. Mapping of the glycation sites of the anti‐tumor Thomsen–Friedenreich neoglycoconjugate vaccine prepared by Michael addition reaction (2014)

We present in this manuscript the characterization of the exact glycation sites of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen-BSA vaccine (TF antigen:BSA) prepared using a Michael addition reaction between the saccharide antigen as an electrophilic acceptor and the nucleophilic thiol and L-Lysine ε-amino groups of BSA using different ligation conditions. Matrix laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the neoglycoconjugates prepared with TF antigen:protein ratios of 2:1 and 8:1, allowed to observe, respectively, the protonated molecules for each neoglycoconjugates: [M + H](+) at m/z 67,599 and 70,905. The measurements of these molecular weights allowed us to confirm exactly the carbohydrate:protein ratios of these two synthetic vaccines. These were found to be closely formed by a TF antigen:BSA ratios of 2:1 and 8:1, respectively. Trypsin digestion and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry allowed us to identify the series of released glycopeptide and peptide fragments. De novo sequencing affected by low-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry was then employed to unravel the precise glycation sites of these neoglycoconjugate vaccines. Finally, we identified, respectively, three diagnostic and characteristic glycated peptides for the synthetic glycoconjugate possessing a TF antigen:BSA ratio 2:1, whereas we have identified for the synthetic glycoconjugate having a TF:BSA ratio 8:1 a series of 14 glycated peptides. The net increase in the occupancy sites of these neoglycoconjugates was caused by the large number of glycoforms produced during the chemical ligation of the synthetic carbohydrate antigen onto the protein carrier.
The PES Pareto method: uncovering the strata of position error signals in disk drives (1997)

Describes a method of breaking down the position error signal (PES) of a magnetic disk drive to its contributing components. Once these components are identified, they can be ranked in terms of their overall effect on PES and thus the most critical ones can be worked on first. This method is based on three things: an understanding of how Bode's integral theorem ties into noise measurements, a measurement methodology that allows for the isolation of individual noise sources, and a system model that allows these sources to be recombined to form the drive's position error signal. We have found this method to be dramatically useful in identifying the key contributors to PES noise.
Structure-Based Design of 1,4-Dibenzoylpiperazines as β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitors (2016)

A small-molecule inhibitor with a 1,4-dibenzoylpiperazine scaffold was designed to match the critical binding elements in the β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) protein-protein interaction interface. Inhibitor optimization led to a potent inhibitor that can disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction and exhibit 98-fold selectivity over the β-catenin/cadherin interaction. The binding mode of new inhibitors was characterized by structure-activity relationships and site-directed mutagenesis studies. Cell-based studies demonstrated that this series of inhibitors can selectively suppress canonical Wnt signaling and inhibit growth of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibody to outer membrane proteins of Treponema pallidum. (1983)

A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the analysis of serum IgG reactivity against specific immunogenic Treponema pallidum proteins. Outer membrane treponemal proteins purified by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used as antigenic probes at concentrations as low as 100 ng per ml (5 ng per well in microtitre plates). Detection of anti-treponemal antibody was possible using rabbit syphilitic sera diluted to 1/10 000. The sensitivity of the assay was equal to or greater than that detected by radioimmuno-precipitation combined with gel electrophoresis and fluorography techniques and was capable of monitoring host IgG responses throughout the progress of the disease.
Shape measurement by temporal phase unwrapping: comparison of unwrapping algorithms (1997)

Projected fringes can be used to measure surface profiles unambiguously, even in the presence of surface discontinuities, if the fringe pitch is changed over time. We investigate by numerical, analytical and experimental means the reliability of two recently proposed algorithms for unwrapping the resulting phase histories. The first, which unwraps through a sequence of phase maps produced with a linear change in spatial frequency with time, is found to be superior to the second, which uses only the first and last maps in the sequence. A new method is proposed in which the spatial frequency is changed exponentially with time. It is shown to be significantly more robust than either of the other algorithms under most conditions. The computation time required to unwrap through a given phase range is proportional to and therefore also results in a reduction in computational effort by a factor compared with the linear algorithm.
Closed-loop system to enhance slow-wave activity (2018)

We show evidence of the viability of delivering auditory stimulation during sleep, at home, to enhance slow wave activity. The system ensures the stimulation delivery to be at the right time during sleep without causing disturbance.
Silicon bulk micromachined hybrid dimensional artifact. (2010)

A mesoscale dimensional artifact based on silicon bulk micromachining fabrication has been developed and manufactured with the intention of evaluating the artifact both on a high precision coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and video-probe based measuring systems. This hybrid artifact has features that can be located by both a touch probe and a video probe system with a k=2 uncertainty of 0.4 {micro}m, more than twice as good as a glass reference artifact. We also present evidence that this uncertainty could be lowered to as little as 50 nm (k=2). While video-probe based systems are commonly used to inspect mesoscale mechanical components, a video-probe system's certified accuracy is generally much worse than its repeatability. To solve this problem, an artifact has been developed which can be calibrated using a commercially available high-accuracy tactile system and then be used to calibrate typical production vision-based measurement systems. This allows for error mapping to a higher degree of accuracy than is possible with a glass reference artifact. Details of the designed features and manufacturing process of the hybrid dimensional artifact are given and a comparison of the designed features to the measured features of the manufactured artifact is presented and discussed. Measurement results from vision and touch probe systems are compared and evaluated to determine the capability of the manufactured artifact to serve as a calibration tool for video-probe systems. An uncertainty analysis for calibration of the artifact using a CMM is presented.
OASIS is Automated Statistical Inference for Segmentation, with applications to multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation in MRI (2013)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to detect lesions in the brains of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and is essential for diagnosing the disease and monitoring its progression. In practice, lesion load is often quantified by either manual or semi-automated segmentation of MRI, which is time-consuming, costly, and associated with large inter- and intra-observer variability. We propose OASIS is Automated Statistical Inference for Segmentation (OASIS), an automated statistical method for segmenting MS lesions in MRI studies. We use logistic regression models incorporating multiple MRI modalities to estimate voxel-level probabilities of lesion presence. Intensity-normalized T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and proton density volumes from 131 MRI studies (98 MS subjects, 33 healthy subjects) with manual lesion segmentations were used to train and validate our model. Within this set, OASIS detected lesions with a partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for clinically relevant false positive rates of 1% and below of 0.59% (95% CI; [0.50%, 0.67%]) at the voxel level. An experienced MS neuroradiologist compared these segmentations to those produced by LesionTOADS, an image segmentation software that provides segmentation of both lesions and normal brain structures. For lesions, OASIS out-performed LesionTOADS in 74% (95% CI: [65%, 82%]) of cases for the 98 MS subjects. To further validate the method, we applied OASIS to 169 MRI studies acquired at a separate center. The neuroradiologist again compared the OASIS segmentations to those from LesionTOADS. For lesions, OASIS ranked higher than LesionTOADS in 77% (95% CI: [71%, 83%]) of cases. For a randomly selected subset of 50 of these studies, one additional radiologist and one neurologist also scored the images. Within this set, the neuroradiologist ranked OASIS higher than LesionTOADS in 76% (95% CI: [64%, 88%]) of cases, the neurologist 66% (95% CI: [52%, 78%]) and the radiologist 52% (95% CI: [38%, 66%]). OASIS obtains the estimated probability for each voxel to be part of a lesion by weighting each imaging modality with coefficient weights. These coefficients are explicit, obtained using standard model fitting techniques, and can be reused in other imaging studies. This fully automated method allows sensitive and specific detection of lesion presence and may be rapidly applied to large collections of images.
Promoters for lipogenesis-specific downregulation in <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2020)

Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast with potential applications in the biofuel and biochemical industries. It is an oleaginous yeast that accumulates lipids when it encounters nutrient limitation in the presence of excess carbon. Its molecular toolbox includes promoters for robust constitutive expression, regulated expression through the addition of media components and inducible expression during lipid accumulation. To date, no promoters have been identified that lead to downregulation at the transition from growth to lipid accumulation. We identified four native Y. lipolytica promoters that downregulate the expression of genes at this natural transition. Using the fatty acid desaturase genes FAD2 and OLE1 as reporter genes for these promoters, we correlated repression of desaturase transcript levels with a reduction of desaturated fatty acids at the transition to lipid accumulation. These promoters can restrict to the growth phase an essential or favorable activity that is undesirable during lipid accumulation under traditional fermentation conditions without media additions. This expression pattern results in lipogenesis phase-specific changes that could be useful in applications relating to optimizing lipid yield and composition.
Inductively Coupled Circuits with Spin Wave Bus for Information Processing (2007)

We describe a new approach to logic devices interconnection by the inductive coupling via a ferromagnetic film. The information among the distant devices is transmitted in a wireless manner via a magnetic field produced by spin waves propagating in the ferromagnetic film, referred to as the spin wave bus. As an alternative approach to the transistor-based architecture, logic circuits with spin wave bus do not use charge as an information carrier. A bit of information can be encoded into the phase or the amplitude of the spin wave signal. We present experimental data demonstrating inductive coupling through the 100nm thick NiFe and CoFe films at room temperature. The performance of logic circuits with spin wave bus is illustrated by numerical modeling based on the experimental data. Potentially, logic circuits with spin wave bus may resolve the interconnect problem and provide "wireless" read-in and read-out. Another expected benefit is in the enhanced logic functionality. A set of NOT, AND, and OR logic gates can be realized in one device structure. The coupling between the circuits and the spin wave bus can be controlled. We present the results of numerical simulations showing the controllable switching of a bi-stable logic cell inductively coupled to the spin wave bus. The shortcomings and limitations of circuits with spin wave bus are also discussed.
Biomimetic photonics: jamming avoidance system in Eigenmannia (2018)

Biomimetic photonics extract the good design of nature and mimic it with photonics. The weakly electric fish genus, Eigenmannia, has a unique neural algorithm - jamming avoidance response, to facilitate their survival in the deep dark ocean, by automatically adjusts the local transmitter carrier frequency to move away from the jamming frequency when it is within the jamming spectral range. Examining our own wireless microwave systems, the situation of inadvertent jamming is very similar as that in Eigenmannia. In this article, a biomimetic photonic approach inspired by the jamming avoidance response in a weakly electric fish genus, Eigenmannia, is naturally adopted to experimentally tackle signal jamming in wireless systems. Mimicking the system with photonics enables the proposed scheme to work for frequencies from hundreds of MHz to tens of GHz.
All-Polarization-Maintaining One - and Two-Stage Holmium-doped Fiber Amplifiers at 2051 nm (2018)

We report the performance of one- and two-stage single clad polarization-maintaining (PM) Ho-doped fiber amplifiers (HDFAs) at λ s = 2051 nm, pumped at λ p ≈ 1950 nm. We show that the Ho-doped fiber has a slope efficiency η = 70 %, and demonstrate an output power P out of 3.5 W and a gain G = 43 dB.
Interfacial reaction studies on lead (Pb)-free solder alloys (2002)

Recently, the research and development activities for replacing Pb-containing solders with Pb-free solders have been intensified due to both competitive market pressures and environmental issues. As a result of these activities, a few promising candidate solder alloys have been identified, mainly, Sn-based alloys. A key issue affecting the integrity and reliability of solder joints is the interfacial reactions between a molten solder and surface finishes in the solder joint structures. In this paper, a fundamental study of the interfacial reactions between several Pb-free candidate solders and surface finishes commonly used in printed-circuit cards is reported. The Pb-free solders investigated include Sn-3.5 Ag, Sn-3.8 Ag-0.7 Cu, and Sn-3.5 Ag-3.0 Bi. The surface finishes investigated include Cu, Au/Ni(P), Au/Pd/Ni(P), and Au/Ni (electroplated). The reaction kinetics of the dissolution of surface finishes and intermetallic compound growth have been measured as a function of reflow temperature and time. The intermetallic compounds formed during reflow reactions have been identified by SEM with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.
Text2Video: Text-driven Talking-head Video Synthesis with Personalized Phoneme-Pose Dictionary (2021)

With the advance of deep learning technology, automatic video generation from audio or text has become an emerging and promising research topic. In this paper, we present a novel approach to synthesize video from the text. The method builds a phoneme-pose dictionary and trains a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate video from interpolated phoneme poses. Compared to audio-driven video generation algorithms, our approach has a number of advantages: 1) It only needs a fraction of the training data used by an audio-driven approach; 2) It is more flexible and not subject to vulnerability due to speaker variation; 3) It significantly reduces the preprocessing, training and inference time. We perform extensive experiments to compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art talking face generation methods on a benchmark dataset and datasets of our own. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.
Pulse compression of an FM chirped CO_2 laser (1989)

A CO(2) laser has been FM chirp modulated by a CdTe intracavity modulator. A frequency deviation-of-100 MHz in 2 micros was attained in this fashion. Following heterodyne detection the chirped pulse was compressed to 15 ns using a surface acoustic wave compression filter. This corresponded to a compression factor of 130. The suppression of unwanted sidelobes with a weighting filter was demonstrated. We have explored the use of this technique for laser radar systems and described an electrooptically FM modulated CO(2) waveguide laser with postdetection pulse compression by a surface acoustic wave compressive filter. To our knowledge this is the first report of the successful operation of this important system.
Type 1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta: Amplified Expression and Secretion of Mature and Precursor Polypeptides in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1987)

Recombinant type 1 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was expressed to high levels in CHO cells by using dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene amplification. The expression plasmid was derived from the pSV2 vectors and contained, in tandem, the simian TGF-beta and mouse dhfr cDNAs. Transcription of both cDNAs was controlled by the simian virus 40 early promoter. Stepwise selection of transfected CHO cells in increasing concentrations of methotrexate yielded cell lines that expressed amplified TGF-beta nucleic acid sequences. The expression plasmid DNA was amplified greater than 35-fold in one of the methotrexate-selected transfectants. The major proteins secreted by these cells consisted of latent TGF-beta and TGF-beta precursor polypeptides, as judged by immunoblots by using site-specific anti-peptide antibodies derived from various regions of the TGF-beta precursor. Levels of recombinant TGF-beta protein secreted by these cells approached 30 micrograms/24 h per 10(7) cells and required prior acidification for optimal activity; nonacidified supernatants were approximately 1% as active as acidified material. Antibodies directed toward sequences present in the mature growth factor readily identified a proteolytically processed recombinant TGF-beta which, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, comigrated with highly purified natural TGF-beta. In addition to mature recombinant TGF-beta, site-specific antibodies demonstrated the existence of larger TGF-beta precursor polypeptides. The availability of biologically active recombinant type 1 TGF-beta and precursor forms should provide a means to examine the structure, function, and potential in vivo therapeutic use of this growth factor.
Spintronic majority gates (2015)

In this paper we present an overview of two types of majority gate devices based on spintronic phenomena. We compare the spin torque majority gate and the spin wave majority gate and describe work on these devices. We discuss operating conditions for the two device concepts, circuit implication and how these reflect on materials choices for device implementation.
Horizontal Transmission of Leukemia Virus and Leukemia in the Cat (1973)

Neonatal and adult cats were exposed to cats that had been inoculated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A range of techniques was used on both sets of animals to monitor the presence or absence of virus, group-specific antigen, and antibodies to the virus and feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA). Horizontal transmission, occurring in most cases, took place between littermates when only a proportion was inoculated at birth and also when litters inoculated neonatally were housed, from birth, with unrelated litters. Adults became infected when exposed to cats that had been inoculated with FeLV as adults. Transfer of infection was demonstrable within a month of mixing; transmission of virus in this way could lead to the development of tumors in cats exposed as kittens or as adults. A wide variety of tissues was examined electron microscopically to determine possible routes of excretion of FeLV. Virus was most common in the trachea and oral mucosa, but it was also recovered from the urine and urinary bladder. Four adult cats became infected after being housed for 1 week with a cat with a naturally occurring alimentary lymphosarcoma.
Synthesis of the Dopamine Agonist (-)-Quinpirole (1990)

Abstract A convenient synthesis and resolution of (-)-trans-4aR,8aR-1-propyl-6-oxo-decahydroquinoline (4) is described. This compound is then converted into the D-2 selective dopamine agonist, (-)-quinpirole hydrochloride (3).
AMBIQUAL: Towards a Quality Metric for Headphone Rendered Compressed Ambisonic Spatial Audio (2020)

Spatial audio is essential for creating a sense of immersion in virtual environments. Efficient encoding methods are required to deliver spatial audio over networks without compromising Quality of Service (QoS). Streaming service providers such as YouTube typically transcode content into various bit rates and need a perceptually relevant audio quality metric to monitor users’ perceived quality and spatial localization accuracy. The aim of the paper is two-fold. First, it is to investigate the effect of Opus codec compression on the quality of spatial audio as perceived by listeners using subjective listening tests. Secondly, it is to introduce AMBIQUAL, a full reference objective metric for spatial audio quality, which derives both listening quality and localization accuracy metrics directly from the B-format Ambisonic audio. We compare AMBIQUAL quality predictions with subjective quality assessments across a variety of audio samples which have been compressed using the Opus 1.2 codec at various bit rates. Listening quality and localization accuracy of first and third-order Ambisonics were evaluated. Several fixed and dynamic audio sources (single and multiple) were used to evaluate localization accuracy. Results show good correlation regarding listening quality and localization accuracy between objective quality scores using AMBIQUAL and subjective scores obtained during listening tests.
Direct Space Vector PWM Strategies for Three-Phase to Three-Phase Matrix Converter (2007)

This paper proposes 3 types of new direct space vector modulation methods for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters. The space vector modulation method allows a direct understanding of switching patterns and their characteristics from the viewpoint of analysis and control. Output voltage harmonics and switching losses can be reduced across the entire voltage region by making use of the direct AC/AC conversion approach. The switching count can be reduced even further by fully utilizing the output current detection value. The conventional virtual indirect conversion approach is first described and then the selection method of space vectors is explained along with the duty calculation technique in direct space vector modulation. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is proven from simulation and analysis results.
Synthesis of a cross‐linked polypentapeptide of tropoelastin (1976)

Abstract The synthesis of a cross‐linked polypentapeptide (an insoluble product) by means of a cross‐linking reaction between a lysine‐containing (1%) polypentapeptide and a glutamic acid‐containing (2%) polypentapeptide is described, following description of the synthesis and polymerization of the corresponding pentapeptide p ‐nitrophenyl esters. The pentapeptide p ‐nitrophenylesters—H‐Val 1 ‐Pro 2 ‐Gly 3 ‐Val 4 ‐Gly 5 ‐ONp, H‐Val 1 ‐Pro 2 ‐Gly 3 ‐Lys 4 (ε‐Z)‐Gly 5 ‐ONp, and H‐Val 1 ‐Pro 2 ‐Gly 3 ‐Glu 4 ‐Gly 5 ‐ONp—prior to polymerizing and the polypentapeptides prior to cross‐linking were analyzed by proton and carbon‐13 magnetic resonance. The cross‐linking reaction was achieved in the coacervate state by intermolecular primary amide bond formation. The coupling reagent was a water‐soluble carbodiimide (1‐cyclohexyl‐3‐(2‐ N ‐methylmorpholinoethyl)‐carbodiimide‐ p ‐toluenesulfonate).