gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of p53 and Reductions in XIAP Abundance Promote the Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells (2005)

Toward the goal of developing effective treatments for prostate cancers, we examined the effects of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors on the survival of prostate cancer cells. We show that roscovitine, R-roscovitine, and CGP74514A (collectively referred to as CKIs) induce the apoptosis of LNCaP and LNCaP-Rf cells, both of which express wild-type p53. Apoptosis required caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity, and cytochrome c accumulated in the cytosol of CKI-treated cells. Amounts of p53 increased substantially in CKI-treated cells, whereas amounts of the endogenous caspase inhibitor XIAP decreased. CKIs did not appreciably induce the apoptosis of LNCaP cells treated with pifithrin-alpha, which prevents p53 accumulation, or of prostate cancer cells that lack p53 function (PC3 and DU145). Ectopic expression of p53 in PC3 cells for 44 hours did not reduce XIAP abundance or induce apoptosis. However, p53-expressing PC3 cells readily apoptosed when exposed to CKIs or when depleted of XIAP by RNA interference. These findings show that CKIs induce the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by a dual mechanism: p53 accumulation and XIAP depletion. They suggest that these events in combination may prove useful in the treatment of advanced prostate cancers.
The Inhibition of α-Amylase by Tea Polyphenols (1990)

The inhibition of α-amylase from human saliva by polyphenolic components of tea and its specificity was investigated in vitro. Four kinds of green tea catechins, and their isomers and four kinds of their dimeric compounds (theaflavins) produced oxidatively during black tea production were isolated. They were (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), (−)-catechin (C), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), (−)-catechin gallate (Cg), (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCg), theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin monogallates (TF2A and TF2B), and theaflavin digallate (TF3). Among the samples tested, EC, EGC, and their isomers did not have significant effects on the activity of α-amylase. All the other samples were potent inhibitors and the inhibitory effects were in the order of TF3>TF2A>TF2B>TFl>Cg> GCg > ECg > EGCg. The inhibitory patterns were noncompetitive except for TF3.
Clinical evaluation of a technetium-99m bone imaging agent based on the vicinal diphosphonate 1,2-diphosphonoethyleneglycol (DPEG) (1985)

From a series of technetium-99m labelled agents based on a vicinal diphosphonic acid structure, the ligand 1,2-diphosphonoethyleneglycol (DPEG) was selected for clinical study on the basis of a biodistribution in rats which compared well with that of methylene disphonphonate (MDP). The 99Tcm-DPEG agent was assessed in ten patients in whom bone metastases had been demonstrated by 99Tcm-MDP imaging two to seven days previously. Visual comparison of the skeletal images obtained with the two agents revealed the same number of bone metastases at the same locations. Statistical analysis of the data revealed no significant differences between the two radiopharmaceuticals on the basis of lesion to soft tissue ratio and lesion to normal bone ratio, although a slightly higher lesion to soft tissue ratio was found for MDP than for DPEG (p less than 0.03). At least for the formulation tested, it is concluded that this new radiopharmaceutical based on the P-C-C-P structure does not possess diagnostic advantages over 99Tcm-MDP for the detection of bone metastases.
Metal-organic frameworks and porous polymer networks for carbon capture (2012)

The ability to rationally design materials for specific applications and synthesize materials to these exact specifications at the molecular level makes it possible to make a huge impact in carbon dioxide capture applications. Recently, advanced porous materials, in particular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous polymer networks (PPNs) have shown tremendous potential for this and related applications because they have high adsorption selectivities and record breaking gas uptake capacities. By appending chemical functional groups to the surface of these materials it is possible to tune gas molecule specific interactions. The results presented herein are a summary of the fundamentals of synthesizing several MOF and PPN series through applying structure property relationships.
Development of a Generic Virtual Metrology Framework (2007)

Virtual metrology (VM) is a technology to predict metrology variables using information about the state of the process for every workpiece. An advanced dual-phase VM scheme possessing the properties of data preprocessing, dual-phase conjecturing, reliance-level evaluating, and similarity-level appraising was proposed by the author. This dual-phase VM scheme is applicable for all the typical VM applications. Among those applications, the one for workpiece-to-workpiece (W2W) advanced process control (APC) is the most critical. For easy implementation and deployment, a generic-virtual-metrology (GVM) framework shall be designed. The purpose of this paper is to develop the GVM framework. By applying this GVM framework, different VM functional modules can be easily implemented and applied for various kinds of VM applications, especially the W2WAPC.
Phosphorus-containing epoxy resin for an electronic application (1999)

A phosphorus-containing epoxy resin, 6-H-dibenz[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphorin-6-[2,5-bis(oxiranylmethoxy)phenyl]-6-oxide (DOPO epoxy resin), was synthesized and cured with phenolic novolac (Ph Nov), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), or dicyandiamide (DICY). The reactivity of these three curing agents toward DOPO epoxy resin was found in the order of DICY > DDS > Ph Nov. Thermal stability and the weight loss behavior of the cured polymers were studied by TGA. The phosphorus-containing epoxy resin showed lower weight loss temperature and higher char yield than that of bisphenol-A based epoxy resin. The high char yields and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values as well as excellent UL-94 vertical burn test results of DOPO epoxy resin indicated the flame-retardant effectiveness of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins. The DOPO epoxy resin was investigated as a reactive flame-retardant additive in an electronic encapsulation application. Owing to the rigid structure of DOPO and the pendant P group, the resulting phosphorus-containing encapsulant exhibited better flame retardancy, higher glass transition temperature, and thermal stability than the regular encapsulant containing a brominated epoxy resin. High LOI value and UL-94 V-0 rating could be achieved with a phosphorus content of as low as 1.03% (comparable to bromine content of 7.24%) in the cured epoxy, and no fume and toxic gas emission were observed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 353–361, 1999
Photon Upconversion and Photocurrent Generation via Self-Assembly at Organic–Inorganic Interfaces (2015)

Molecular photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC), combining two or more low energy photons to generate a higher energy excited state, is an intriguing strategy to surpass the maximum efficiency for a single junction solar cell (<34%). Here, we introduce self-assembled bilayers on metal oxide surfaces as a strategy to facilitate TTA-UC emission and demonstrate direct charge separation of the upconverted state. A 3-fold enhancement in transient photocurrent is achieved at light intensities as low as two equivalent suns. This strategy is simple, modular and offers unprecedented geometric and spatial control of the donor-acceptor interactions at an interface. These results are a key stepping stone toward the realization of an efficient TTA-UC solar cell that can circumvent the Shockley-Queisser limit.
Design, synthesis, and ex vivo evaluation of a selective inhibitor for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (2018)

The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes, RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, catalyze the irreversible oxidation of retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Despite the importance of the RALDH enzymes in embryonic development, postnatal growth and differentiation, and in several disease states, there are no commercially available inhibitors that specifically target these isozymes. We report here the development and characterization of a small molecule inhibitor dichloro-all-trans-retinone (DAR) (Summers et al., 2017) that is an irreversible inhibitor of RALDH1, 2, and 3 that effectively inhibits RALDH1, 2, and 3 in the nanomolar range but has no inhibitory activity against mitochondrial ALDH2. These results provide support for the development of DAR as a specific ATRA synthesis inhibitor for a variety of experimental and clinical applications.
Fabrication of microdevices for separation of circulating tumor cell using lateral magnetophoresis and immunomagnetic nanobeads (2013)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of the microdevice for separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from human whole blood based on lateral magnetophoresis principle and immunomagnetic nanobeads with the antiepithelial cell adhesive molecule (EpCAM) antibodies that selectively bind to epithelial cancer cells. We designed damascene v-shaped 60 μm-thick Nickel-Cobalt (Ni-Co) ferromagnetic wires with a flat zone and fabricated with micromachining technologies. The separation is carried out through lateral magnetophoresis, stimulated by magnetic field gradient-based isolation technologies. Experimentally, first, we observed the effect of external static magnetic intensity on the isolation rates. And we showed that microdevices isolates about 93% of the spiked CTCs cancer cells (MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line) in human whole blood at a flow rate of 40/100 μL/min with respect to human whole blood/buffer solution. For the overall isolation, it takes 15 min to process and analyze 500 μL of human whole blood.
Microseismic Applications using DAS (2013)

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a rapidly maturing fibre optic technology with many applications for wellbore monitoring and geophysical surveillance. DAS transforms a fibre optic cable into a distributed array of acoustic sensors. Shell is developing DAS technology in partnership with OptaSense, a subsidiary of QinetiQ U.K. DAS has been proven to work for VSP applications (Mateeva et al., 2012). The technology has been improved through numerous field trials and it has been tested in a variety of installations, where it has been compared to geophones and sonic logs as a check-shot tool, and as an imaging tool for walk away VSP data. Signal to noise ratio, directionality and repeatability among other aspects have also been studied through these field trials and laboratory experiments. The performance of DAS for micro-seismic monitoring applications is still under evaluation. Although DAS offers the advantage of recording along the whole well at once, significantly increasing the number of receivers, it has several challenges with respect to geophone arrays: the current DAS system records data with a higher noise floor and with a more constrained angular sensitivity since it behaves as a doublet of one-component geophones. In this paper we report the current status of this technology regarding micro-seismic monitoring. A field trial specifically designed to test this application in a micro-seismically active area is described. The trial was jointly carried out with Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) in a field in Oman.
High quality HDR video compression using HEVC main 10 profile (2016)

This paper describes high-quality compression of high dynamic range (HDR) video using existing tools such as the HEVC Main 10 profile, the SMPTE ST 2084 (PQ) transfer function, and the BT.2020 non-constant luminance Y'CbCr color representation. First, we present novel mathematical bounds that reduce complexity of luminance-preserving subsampling (luma adjustment). A nested look-up table allows for further speedup. Second, an adaptive QP scheme is presented that obtains a better bit allocation balance between dark and bright areas of the picture. Third, a method to control the bit allocation balance between chroma and luma by adjusting the chroma QP offset is presented. The result is a considerable increase in perceptual quality compared to the anchors used in the 2015 MPEG High Dynamic Range/Wide Color Gamut Call for Evidence. All techniques are encoder-side-only, making them compatible with a regular decoder capable of supporting HEVC Main10/PQ/BT.2020, which is already available in some TV sets on the market.
PESQ-Based Selection of Efficient Partial Encryption Set for Compressed Speech (2009)

Wi-Fi service incurs problems such as additional power consumption and degradation of communication quality. To overcome these problems, a partial encryption (PE) algorithm for compressed speech was recently introduced. However, from the security point of view, the partial encryption sets (PESs) of the conventional PE algorithm still have much room for improvement. This paper proposes a new selection method for finding a smaller PES while maintaining the security level of encrypted speech. The proposed PES selection method employs the perceptual evaluation of the speech quality (PESQ) algorithm to objectively measure the distortion of speech. The proposed method is applied to the ITU-T G.729 speech codec, and content protection capability is verified by a range of tests and a reconstruction attack. The experimental results show that encrypting only 20% of the compressed bitstream is sufficient to effectively hide the entire content of speech.
Properties of Epoxy Resins Cured with Ring-Alkylated <i>m</i>-Phenylene Diamines (1988)

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A resin was cured, individually, with m-phenylene diamine (MPD) and ring-alkylated MPD's, i.e., toluene diamine, diamino ethyl benzene, diamino isopropyl benzene and diamino tert-butyl benzene. For each diamine, glass transition temperature (DSC) of the cured resin was studied as a function of epoxide/amine stoichiometry. Room temperature tensile properties of resins cured at the stoichiometric ratio, using two cure cycles, were determined. Alkyl substitution generally decreased tensile strength relative to MPD-cured resins. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated slightly higher thermal stability for resins cured with ring-alkylated MPD's compared to MPD. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to detect the molecular relaxations in the resins cured with ring-alkylated MPD's. The concept of nodular morphology was invoked to explain the shift in the maximum in the beta relaxation observed for resins cured with ring-alkylated MPD's.
Androstenediol complements estrogenic bioactivity during the menopausal transition (2012)

The wide range of circulating levels of Adiol and its contribution to total circulating estrogenicity during the MT is consistent with the observed interwoman difference in symptoms at this time. Therefore, we conclude that Adiol contributes to circulating estrogenicity when E2 production falls at menopause and may contribute significantly to the endocrine changes experienced by midlife women.
Multi-site evaluation of stable radiomic features for more accurate evaluation of pathologic downstaging on MRI after chemoradiation for rectal cancers (2020)

Tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in rectal cancer patients is typically assessed via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in order to determine follow-up surgical interventions, but is associated with marked inter-reader variability and limited performance. While radiomic features have shown promise for evaluating chemoradiation response and tumor stage in rectal cancers, there is a need to determine how reproducible these features are across different MRI scanners and acquisitions. In this study, we evaluated radiomic feature reproducibility in terms of feature instability within a uniquely curated true healthy" rectum cohort in order to construct a stability-informed radiomic classifier for differentiating poorly from markedly down-staged rectal tumors after chemoradiation in a multi-site setting. We utilized a cohort of 156 patients, with (a) 74 MRIs visualizing the healthy rectum, (b) 52 post-CRT MRI scans in the discovery cohort, and (c) 30 post-CRT MRI scans in a second-site validation cohort; the latter 2 being from rectal cancer patients. 764 radiomic features were extracted from within the entire rectal wall on each MRI scan. Feature instability was used to quantify how reproducible each radiomic feature was between the discovery cohort and the healthy rectum cohort, using locations along the rectum that were spatially distinct from the treated tumor region. From the resulting stability-informed" feature set, the most relevant features were identified to distinguish pathologic tumor stage groups in the discovery cohort via a QDA classifier with cross-validation to ensure robustness. The top 4 radiomic features were then evaluated in hold-out fashion on scans from the validation cohort. We found that utilizing a stability-informed radiomic model (which comprised features that were reproducible in 100% of all comparisons) was significantly more accurate in identifying pathological tumor stage regression in both discovery (AUC=0:66 ± 0:09) and validation (AUC=0.73) cohorts, compared to a basic radiomic model that used all extracted features (AUC=0:60 ± 0:07 in discovery, AUC=0.62 in validation). Evaluating feature instability with respect to healthy rectal tissue may thus enhance the performance of radiomic models in characterizing pathologic downstaging in rectal cancers, via MRI.
Surface Coating with Cyclic RGD Peptides Stimulates Osteoblast Adhesion and Proliferation as well as Bone Formation (2000)

The physiological inertness of synthetic implant materials often results in insufficient implant integration and limited acceptance of implants in tissues. After implantation the implant surface is often separated from the surrounding healthy and regenerating tissue, for example by a fibrous capsule. To avoid this host-versus-graft reaction, a strong mechanical contact between tissue and implant must be ensured. An enhanced contact between graft and the surrounding tissue can be provided by coating the implant with cell-adhesive molecules. The highly active and alpha(v)beta(3)- and alpha(v)beta(5)-integrin-selective peptide c(-RGDfK-) (f=D-phenylalanine) was functionalized with various linker molecules containing an acrylamide end group by using the lysine side chain of c(-RGDfK-). The acrylamide group can be used to bind the peptide covalently to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces. The coated surfaces effectively bind to murine osteoblasts as well as human osteoblasts in vitro when a minimum distance of 3.5 nm between surface and the constrained RGD sequence is provided. In contrast to osteoblasts in cell suspension, surface-bound osteoblasts show no apoptosis but proliferate by a factor of 10 over a 22 d period. Coating of inert implant surfaces with highly active and alpha(v)-selective peptides affords a marked improvement in osteoblast binding over current technologies. In vivo studies show that peptide-coated PMMA pellets implanted into the patella groove of rabbits are integrated into the regenerating bone tissue faster and more strongly than uncoated pellets.
Omniphilic Polymeric Sponges by Ice Templating (2016)

Sponges that absorb a large quantity of solvent relative to their weight, independent of the solvent polarity, represent useful universal absorbents for laboratory and industrial spills. We report the preparation of macroporous polymer sponges by ice templating of polyethylenimine aqueous solutions and their cross-linking in the frozen state. The as-prepared monolith is hydrophilic and absorbs over 30-fold its weight in water. Modification of this sponge using valeroyl chloride renders it omniphilic; viz., a modified sponge absorbs over 10-fold its dry weight of either water or hexane. Modification using palmitoyl chloride that has a longer chain length results in the preparation of a hydrophobic sponge with a water contact angle around 130°, which retains its oleophilicity underwater. The solvent absorbed in these sponges can be simply squeezed out, and the sponges are stable to several hundred cycles of compression. The large pore sizes of these sponges allow rapid absorption of even high viscosity solvents such as pump oil. Finally, we demonstrate that these sponges are also able to separate apolar oils that are emulsified in water using surfactants. These high porosity sponges with controllable solvophilicity represent inexpensive, high performance universal absorbents for general solvent spills.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropanoic Acid by Hydrolytic Oxidation of 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropanal Dimethyl Acetal. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Double-phase polling algorithm based on partitioned ONU-subgroup for high utilization of fiber channel with EPON (2007)

Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is the next generation technology to avoid the bottleneck problem in high-capacity access networks. In order to allocate time-slots of fiber channel efficiently, it performs polling based on multi-point control protocol (MPCP). We study previous polling algorithms and propose a novel one that increases channel utilization on capacity. This approach divides a polling cycle, consisting of a data up streaming period and a computation period for dynamic bandwidth allocation, into two sub-polling cycles. It allows the two sub-polling cycles to poll in parallel, which reduces a polling cycle time. It not only decreases channel idle time but also accommodates bandwidth requests by optical network units (ONUs) effectively. It is found from comprehensive computer simulation results that, compared to previous work, the proposed algorithm postpones the saturation points of packet delay and ONU queue size and has outstanding network throughput as well. In comparison with the previous research, it has up to about 81% lower average packet delay, up to about 53% smaller average ONU queue size, and a maximum of 15% performance in terms of network throughput.
A 12b 180MS/s 0.068mm<sup>2</sup> pipelined-SAR ADC with merged-residue DAC for noise reduction (2016)

This paper presents a 12b 180 MS/s partial-interleaving Pipelined-SAR analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -stage is implemented with a 2b/cycle SAR ADC for high speed, where we propose a merged-residue-DAC technique to improve the noise performance. The capacitor pre-charging in conventional 2b/cycle operation wastes settling time and switching energy, while with this design approach the switching procedure is optimized to avoid the pre-charging for tri-level reference generation. The prototype ADC fabricated in 65nm CMOS achieves a SNDR of 63.8dB @DC input with 6mW power dissipation from a 1.2V supply, leading to a FoM @DC of 26.3 fJ/conv.-step.