gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Microparticles Stimulate Endothelial Cell Cytokine Release and Tissue Factor Induction in a JNK1 Signaling Pathway (1999)

A role of membrane microparticles (MP) released by vascular cells in endothelial cell (EC) activation was investigated. Flow cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples from normal volunteers revealed the presence of an heterogeneous MP population, which increased by approximately 2-fold after inflammatory stimulation with the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (2,799 +/- 360 versus 5241 +/- 640, p < 0.001). Blood-derived MP stimulated release of EC cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (377 +/- 68 pg/ml) and MCP-1 (1, 282 +/- 79) and up-regulated de novo expression of tissue factor on the EC surface. This was associated with generation of a factor Xa-dependent procoagulant response (2.28 +/- 0.56 nM factor Xa/min/10(4) cells), in a reaction inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to tissue factor. Fluorescent labeling with antibodies to platelet GPIbalpha or leukocyte lactoferrin demonstrated that circulating MP originated from both platelets and leukocytes. However, depletion of platelet MP with an antibody to GPIbalpha did not reduce EC IL-6 release, and, similarly, MP from thrombin-stimulated platelets did not induce IL-6 release from endothelium. EC stimulation with leukocyte MP did not result in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and was not associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, ERK1. In contrast, leukocyte MP stimulated a sustained, time-dependent increased tyrosine phosphorylation of approximately 46-kDa c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK1) in EC. These findings demonstrate that circulating leukocyte MP are up-regulated by inflammatory stimulation in vivo and activate a stress signaling pathway in EC, leading to increased procoagulant and proinflammatory activity. This may provide an alternative mechanism of EC activation, potentially contributing to dysregulation of endothelial functions during vascular injury.
Controlling a Structural Branch Point in Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis (2010)

The ergot alkaloids are a diverse class of fungal-derived indole alkaloid natural products with potent pharmacological activities. The biosynthetic intermediate chanoclavine-I aldehyde 1 represents a branch point in ergot biosynthesis. Ergot alkaloids festuclavine 2 and agroclavine 3 derive from alternate enzymatic pathways originating from the common biosynthetic precursor chanoclavine-I aldehyde 1. Here we show that while the Old Yellow Enzyme homologue EasA from the ergot biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus acts on chanoclavine-I aldehyde 1 to yield festuclavine 2, EasA from Neotyphodium lolii, in contrast, produces agroclavine 3. Mutational analysis suggests a mechanistic rationale for the switch in activity that controls this critical branch point of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis.
Determinants of block matrices (2000)

Let us first consider the 2 x 2 matrices and Their sum and product are given by Here the entries a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h can come from a field, such as the real numbers, or more generally from a ring, commutative or not.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates maturation of lysosomes in rat hepatocytes (2003)

To obtain information about the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the endocytic pathway in hepatocytes, the uptake and intracellular transport of asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR) was followed in cells treated with wortmannin or LY294002. The two inhibitors, at concentrations known to inhibit the enzyme, did not affect internalization or the number of surface asialoglycoprotein receptors, but they caused a paradoxical increase (approx. 50% above control values) in the degradation of ASOR labelled with [(125)I]tyramine cellobiose ([(125)I]TC). Wortmannin or LY204002 inhibited the autophagic sequestration of lactate dehydrogenase very effectively, and the enhanced degradation of [(125)I]TC-ASOR could be an indirect effect of reduced autophagy, as an amino acid mixture known to inhibit autophagy also caused increased degradation of [(125)I]TC-ASOR, and its effect was not additive to that of wortmannin or LY294002. Wortmannin or LY294002 had pronounced effects on the late parts of the endocytic pathway in the hepatocytes: first, dense lysosomes disappeared and were replaced by swollen vesicles; secondly, degradation of [(125)I]TC-ASOR took place in an organelle of lower buoyant density (in a sucrose gradient) than the bulk of lysosomes (identified in the gradient by lysosomal marker enzymes). With increasing length of incubation with wortmannin or LY294002, the density distributions of the lysosomal markers also shifted to lower density and gradually approached that of the labelled degradation products. The labelled degradation products formed from [(125)I]TC-labelled proteins were trapped at the site of formation, because they did not penetrate the vesicle membranes. The results obtained indicate that internalization and intracellular transport of ASOR to lysomes may take place in the absence of PI3K activity in rat hepatocytes. On the other hand, fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes seems to produce 'hybrid organelles' (active lysosomes) that are unable to mature into dense lysosomes.
Synthesis of cross-coupled resonator filters using an analytical gradient-based optimization technique (2000)

We propose a general approach to the synthesis of cross-coupled resonator filters using an analytical gradient-based optimization technique. The gradient of the cost function with respect to changes in the coupling elements between the resonators is determined analytically. The topology of the structure is strictly enforced at each step in the optimization thereby eliminating the need for similarity transformations of the coupling matrix. For the calculation of group delays, a simple formula is presented in terms of the coupling matrix. A simple recursion relation for the computation of the generalized Chebychev filtering functions is derived. Numerical results demonstrating the excellent performance of the approach are presented.
Simultaneous Deletion of Endogenous TCRαβ for TCR Gene Therapy Creates an Improved and Safe Cellular Therapeutic (2019)

Generation of an optimal T cell therapeutic expressing high frequencies of transgenic T cell receptor (tgTCR) is essential for improving TCR gene therapy. Upon TCR gene transfer, presence of endogenous TCRαβ reduces expression of tgTCR due to TCR mixed-dimer formation and competition for binding CD3. Knockout (KO) of endogenous TCRαβ was recently achieved using CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the TRAC or TRBC loci, resulting in increased expression and function of tgTCR. Here, we adopt this approach into current protocols for generating T cell populations expressing tgTCR to validate this strategy in the context of four clinically relevant TCRs. First, simultaneous editing of TRAC and TRBC loci was reproducible and resulted in high double KO efficiencies in bulk CD8 T cells. Next, tgTCR expression was significantly higher in double TRAC/BC KO conditions for all TCRs tested, including those that contained structural modifications to encourage preferential pairing. Finally, increased expression of tgTCR in edited T cell populations allowed for increased recognition of antigen expressing tumor targets and prolonged control of tumor outgrowth in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KO of both endogenous TCRαβ chains can be incorporated in current T cell production protocols and is preferential to ensure an improved and safe clinical therapeutic.
Neutralizing antibody titres in SARS-CoV-2 infections (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses the greatest global public health challenge in a century. Neutralizing antibody is a correlate of protection and data on kinetics of virus neutralizing antibody responses are needed. We tested 293 sera from an observational cohort of 195 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections collected from 0 to 209 days after onset of symptoms. Of 115 sera collected ≥61 days after onset of illness tested using plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) assays, 99.1% remained seropositive for both 90% (PRNT<sub>90</sub>) and 50% (PRNT<sub>50</sub>) neutralization endpoints. We estimate that it takes at least 372, 416 and 133 days for PRNT<sub>50</sub> titres to drop to the detection limit of a titre of 1:10 for severe, mild and asymptomatic patients, respectively. At day 90 after onset of symptoms (or initial RT-PCR detection in asymptomatic infections), it took 69, 87 and 31 days for PRNT<sub>50</sub> antibody titres to decrease by half (T<sub>1/2</sub>) in severe, mild and asymptomatic infections, respectively. Patients with severe disease had higher peak PRNT<sub>90</sub> and PRNT<sub>50</sub> antibody titres than patients with mild or asymptomatic infections. Age did not appear to compromise antibody responses, even after accounting for severity. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits robust neutralizing antibody titres in most individuals.
Graft copolymerization of starch with methyl acrylate: An examination of reaction variables (1993)

Abstract Starch‐ g ‐poly(methyl acrylate) (S‐ g ‐PMA) copolymers containing 55–60% PMA were prepared from cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch, and waxy cornstarch with ceric ammonium nitrate initiation. Graft copolymers were characterized with respect to % PMA homopolymer, % conversion of monomer to polymer, grafted PMA content, grafting frequency, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of PMA grafts. Variables investigated in the graft copolymerization reaction were nitric acid concentration, ceric ion‐to‐starch ratio, reaction time, gelatinization of the starch, and reactant concentration in water. At high reactant concentrations, high conversions of methyl acrylate to grafted PMA could be obtained in less than 0.5 h at 25°C. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A study of convex/concave edges and edge-enhancing operators based on the Laplacian (1990)

Edge-enhancing operators using a modification of the Laplacian called the order statistic (OS) Laplacian are considered. The edge-enhancing operators are evaluated for their performance on the convex/concave (C/C) edge, which is useful blurred edge model, and on white Gaussian noise input signals. It is shown that the operators that use the OS Laplacian are much less sensitive to noise than the edge-enhancing operator that uses the Laplacian, while the edge-enhancing characteristics of the former are comparable to those of the latter. One set of images processed by these operators is presented to illustrate the performance characteristics of these operators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tumor-associated carbohydrates and immunomodulatory lectins as targets for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

During oncogenesis, tumor cells present specific carbohydrate chains that are new targets for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas these tumor-associated carbohydrates (TACA) can be targeted with antibodies and vaccination approaches, TACA including sialic acid-containing glycans are able to inhibit anticancer immune responses by engagement of immune receptors on leukocytes. A family of immune-modulating receptors are sialic acid-binding Siglec receptors that have been recently described to inhibit antitumor activity mediated by myeloid cells, natural killer cells and T cells. Other TACA-binding receptors including selectins have been linked to cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that glycan-lectin interactions can be targeted to improve cancer immunotherapy. For example, interactions between the immune checkpoint T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 and the lectin galectin-9 are targeted in clinical trials. In addition, an antibody against the lectin Siglec-15 is being tested in an early clinical trial. In this review, we summarize the previous and current efforts to target TACA and to inhibit inhibitory immune receptors binding to TACA including the Siglec-sialoglycan axis.
Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Waste Fluorescent Lamps: A Review (2014)

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are used in a wide range of products. The global demand for REEs is growing at a rate of 3.7–8.6% annually. Yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), and terbium (Tb) are used in the phosphors for fluorescent lamps (FLs). The authors review the challenges and techniques associated with the recycling and recovery of REEs in phosphors from waste FLs. The recovery rate and grade of resultant products and the processing costs are the primary factors to be considered regarding trichromatic phosphors enrichment and monochrome phosphor separation. Currently, most researchers have focused on the recovery of Y and Eu from red phosphor using hydrometallurgy methods, and on the difficulties of leaching Ce, La, Tb, and Eu in green and blue phosphors. The final recovery rate of Y and Eu can reach more than 80%, but a higher rate is desirable, considering the total value of the REEs in FLs. Studies on improving the leaching behavior of phosphors have been conducted; however, they present problems such as energy and agents consumption, and generation of viscous solution of silicate. Some pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy approaches are also discussed.KEY WORDS: rare earth elementswaste fluorescent lampsphosphorsrecoveryhydrometallurgy
Stock Returns and Macroeconomic Information (1998)

LINDA ZHANG is affiliated with Baring Asset Management in Boston, Massachusetts. T he impact of information on security equity valuation forms the basis for many equity-based trading models. Much of this research has concentrated on firm-based information such as earnings per share. In contrast, this article focuses on the impact of macroeconomic news releases on the mean and variance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 index. In addition, the companies in the index list are grouped by economic sectors, and the relative impact of macroeconomic news releases on the mean and variance of each economic group return is studied. The macroeconomic information in this study includes a broad set of news announcements, such as inflaŽ tion-related measurement e.g., consumer . price index and real economic-activityŽ related releases e.g., leading economic indicator index, weekly unemployment . claim, etc. . Ž Previous studies e.g., Schwert 1981 ; Pearce and Roley 1985 ; Chen, Roll and Ross 1986 ; Hardouvelis 1987 ; . Jain 1988a ; McQueen and Roley 1993 of the impact of economic news releases on stock indexes have mostly looked at the impact of ‘‘surprise’’ in news releases. The surprise is measured by deviation of either the actual release from the expected or the forecasting error from the moving time series. This article introduces a new variable ex ante uncertainty about news releases, represented by the dispersion of beliefs among economists’ forecasts for releases that may offer additional evidence of the information impact on financial assets. More specifically, this study examines the combined impact of surprise in news releases and ex ante uncertainty about news releases on stock returns and trading volumes. The surprise factor and the information uncertainty complement each other in the following way. With respect to their impact on stock returns, the uncertainty factor is positively associated with returns on inŽ formation release days see, e.g., Shalen . 1993 . Prior to a news release, there is a risk of holding an asset due to uncertainty surrounding the upcoming news release. Investors may require a higher risk premium and the stock price is adjusted downward. On news announcement days, the resolution of uncertainty lowers the Ž . required risk premium all else equal and stock prices rise to capture lower future expected returns. The remaining part of change in price that could not be explained by the resolution of information uncertainty may result from surprise in the news. The impact of surprise in the news and information uncertainty is also examined at economic sector levels. Prelimi-
Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of 5<i>H</i>-Oxazol-4-ones with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines (2010)

A new chiral bicyclic guanidine-catalyzed direct catalytic aldol reaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones with aldehydes has been developed. The present aldol reaction proceeds smoothly with high enantioselectivity using bicyclic guanidines bearing a hydroxy group at the appropriate position, and various combinations of 5H-oxazol-4-ones and aldehydes are applicable. The method provides synthetically useful alpha,beta-dihydroxycarboxylates bearing a chiral quaternary stereogenic center at the alpha-carbon atom.
From opportunistic networks to opportunistic computing (2010)

Personal computing devices, such as smart-phones and PDAs, are commonplace, bundle several wireless network interfaces, can support compute intensive tasks, and are equipped with powerful means to produce multimedia content. Thus, they provide the resources for what we envision as a human pervasive network: a network formed by user devices, suitable to convey to users rich multimedia content and services according to their interests and needs. Similar to opportunistic networks, where the communication is built on connectivity opportunities, we envisage a network above these resources that joins together features of traditional pervasive networks and opportunistic networks fostering a new computing paradigm: opportunistic computing. In this article we discuss the evolution from opportunistic networking to opportunistic computing; we survey key recent achievements in opportunistic networking, and describe the main concepts and challenges of opportunistic computing. We finally envision further possible scenarios and functionalities to make opportunistic computing a key player in the next-generation Internet.
Power electronics system integration for electric and hybrid vehicles (2022)

The paper gives an overview of the basic requiremensts, concepts, and trends regarding a system intergration of power electronics in hybrid (HEV) an electric vehicles (EV). A site-of-action system integration of the various power electronics subsystems minimizes costs and construction space requirements. New technologies that foster a system integration of power electronics and a merging with the mechanical environment are presented. The focus is on power modules and passive components.
Docking techniques and evaluation trials of the SWIMMER AUV: an autonomous deployment AUV for work-class ROVs (2002)

The SWIMMER Vehicle is a EU-Thermie funded project to develop a prototype autonomous vehicle capable of deploying existing work-class ROVs to subsea installations removing the need for continuous surface support vessels and long umbilical cables. To be able to accurately position and dock a large free swimming AUV, at depths up to 1000m after transits of up to 10km is particularly challenging. The deployment configuration mounts the ROV above the SWIMMER AUV. The ROV is inactive during deployment, and the AUV is completely self-contained in terms of power, thrusters and computer-control. During transit, the LRPS (long range positioning system) provides autonomous navigation to the seabed, together with top station monitoring. During docking, the SRPS (short range positioning system) directs the vehicle during the final 20 metres of descent and provides the necessary positional information for a precise alignment for a mechanical docking with a seabed station. When docked, the SWIMMER uses computer-controlled clamps that allow the ROV to be disengaged remotely from the SWIMMER while on the seabed docking station. In this configuration, power and communications are fed from the seabed network to allow the SWIMMER to recharge, and the ROV to be remotely controlled.
Characteristics of collagen from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin isolated by two different methods. (2009)

Acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) isolated from Nile tilapia skin using two different methods were compared for biochemical properties and thermal stability. Method 1 (the Noitup method) was performed at 4-6°C for the whole process with a centrifuge speed of 30,000 g, while Method 2 (the Ogawa method) was performed at a higher temperature of 22-23°C, with a centrifuge speed of 10,000 g. The dry weight yields of ASC from Methods 1 and 2 were 38.84 and 20.70%, while the dry weight yields of PSC were 48.21 and 38.27%, respectively. The denaturation temperatures of ASC from Methods 1 and 2 were 34.29 and 34.43°C, while those of PSC were 34.32 and 34.61°C, respectively. From these amino acid and molecular weight profiles and SDS-PAGE results, ASC and PSC obtained by both methods were characterized as type I collagen with no disulfide bond, which were composed of α-1 (2 chains) α-2 (1 chain), β, and γ subunits. Amino acid profiles of ASC and PSC obtained from both methods were similar. Except for the lower yield obtained from Method 2, there were no differences in the molecular weight, amino acid composition and denaturation temperature between ASC and PSC obtained from both methods.
Automatic Term Identification for Bibliometric Mapping (2008)

A term map is a map that visualizes the structure of a scientific field by showing the relations between important terms in the field. The terms shown in a term map are usually selected manually with the help of domain experts. Manual term selection has the disadvantages of being subjective and labor-intensive. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a methodology for automatic term identification and we use this methodology to select the terms to be included in a term map. To evaluate the proposed methodology, we use it to construct a term map of the field of operations research. The quality of the map is assessed by a number of operations research experts. It turns out that in general the proposed methodology performs quite well.
An Implementation and Experimentation of a Composite Video Streaming (2007)

In this paper, we propose a live video streaming system based on virtual reality technologies for intuitive interaction among people remotely located. This system is one kind of sever-client system and can provide remote users with virtual 3D audiovisual fields in real time via a very high-speed network. The server captures audio and video data from its clients, compiles them into one 3D audiovisual scene at a virtual conference and broadcasts it over the clients. At the present stage, our system captures 2 videos and creates one 3D video at a time. Our system can play 3D audiovisual contents on Windows XP systems as well as on CAVE systems. Currently, our implementation can play the 3D video contents about 12 fps on both systems.
Pano2Vid: Automatic Cinematography for Watching 360° Videos (2017)

We introduce the novel task of Pano2Vid --- automatic cinematography in panoramic 360° videos. Given a 360° video, the goal is to direct an imaginary camera to virtually capture natural-looking normal field-of-view (NFOV) video. By selecting "where to look" within the panorama at each time step, Pano2Vid aims to free both the videographer and the end viewer from the task of determining what to watch. Towards this goal, we first compile a dataset of 360° videos downloaded from the web, together with human-edited NFOV camera trajectories to facilitate evaluation. Next, we propose AutoCam, a data-driven approach to solve the Pano2Vid task. AutoCam leverages NFOV web video to discriminatively identify space-time "glimpses" of interest at each time instant, and then uses dynamic programming to select optimal human-like camera trajectories. Through experimental evaluation on multiple newly defined Pano2Vid performance measures against several baselines, we show that our method successfully produces informative videos that could conceivably have been captured by human videographers.