gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Vesicle Self-Assembly in Microfluidic Channels with Hydrodynamic Focusing (2004)

Traditional liposome preparation methods are based on mixing of bulk phases, leading to inhomogeneous chemical and/or mechanical conditions during formation; hence liposomes are often polydisperse in size and lamellarity. Here we show the formation of liposomes that encapsulate reagents in a continuous two-phase flow microfluidic network with precision control of size from 100 to 300 nm by manipulation of liquid flow rates. We demonstrate that by creating a solvent-aqueous interfacial region in a microfluidic format that is homogeneous and controllable on the length scale of a liposome, we can facilitate the fine control of liposome size and polydispersity.
Compact remote optical system for real time measurement of aerosol emissions (2014)

Demonstrating particle matter (PM) emissions compliance with environmental regulations is required for operation of any industrial, commercial or military facility. Emission sources are initially screened based on their visible opacity via US EPA Method 9 standard. Nowadays, it is rather surprising that opacity is still visually determined by human eyes with smoke school training and semi-annual certification. Nonetheless, opacity alone doesn’t reveal particle concentration and size distribution which is crucial to determine PM values. It would be desirable to have an automated, calibratable device to make such a measurement with higher accuracy and reliability and is not available to date. We present our preliminary work on developing a compact, hand portable system capable of quantitatively determining plume optical opacity in combination with possible particle concentration and size distribution (and hence PM) measurement for standoff distances up to 150 meters. Our benchtop lidar-based system was built with a frequencydoubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and an optical receiver. We have demonstrated the feasibility of a remote-capable optical sensor system for real-time continuous monitoring of visible emission plumes and its effectiveness for quantitative opacity measurement. The hand-portable Remote Plume Particulate Matter (RPPM) meter being developed will be capable of determining opacity and PM load from remote PM sources will provide a regulatory compliance solution for visible emissions from sources for environmental studies, industrial and military applications.
AMTEC electrode development (1987)

The Alkali Metal Thermoelectric Converter (AMTEC) is a direct energy conversion device, utilizing a high sodium vapor pressure or activity ratio across a beta-alumina solid electrolyte. Progress is reported on a long life, high power, porous electrode. Two electrode compositions were identified which have the potential for long life operation at power densities above 0.5 W/sq cm. Longer lifetime testing is being initiated. Successful optimization and demonstration of very long lifetimes for these electrodes will be a major step toward establishing the feasibility of AMTEC space power systems.
Lectin domain peptides from selectins interact with both cell surface ligands and Ca2+ ions. (1992)

Selectins are receptors that mediate leukocyte adhesion to platelets or endothelial cells through Ca(2+)-dependent interactions with cell surface oligosaccharides. We found that peptides corresponding to residues 23-30, 54-63, and 70-79 of the N-terminal lectin domain of P-selectin inhibited leukocyte adhesion to P-selectin. Peptides corresponding to the homologous 23-30 and 54-63 regions of E-selectin and L-selectin also prevented cell binding to P-selectin. Immobilized albumin conjugates of the three P-selectin peptides supported adhesion of myeloid cells and certain other cells expressing fucosylated oligosaccharides. Ca2+ was required for optimal cell adhesion to the conjugates containing the 23-30 and 54-63 sequences. Furthermore, Ca2+ interacted with the 23-30 and 54-63 peptides of all three selectins, as detected by changes in intrinsic fluorescence emission intensity. These data suggest that residues contained within the 23-30 and 54-63 regions of the selectins represent contact sites for carbohydrate structures on target cells. Furthermore, binding of Ca2+ to these sequences may directly enhance their ability to interact with cell surface ligands.
Metabolic design in amino acid producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum (1995)

The Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the industrial production of amino acids, e.g. of l-glutamate and l-lysine. In the last 10 years, genetic engineering and amplification of relevant structural genes have become fascinating methods for the construction of strains with desired genotypes. By cloning and expressing the various genes of the l-lysine pathway in C. glutamicum we could demonstrate that an increase of the flux of l-aspartate semialdehyde to l-lysine could be obtained in strains with increased dehydrodipicolinate synthase activity. By combined overexpression of deregulated aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase, the l-lysine secretion could be increased (10–20%). Recently we detected that in C. glutamicum two pathways exist for the synthesis of dl-diaminopimelate and l-lysine. Mutants defective in one pathway are still able to synthesize enough l-lysine for growth, but the l-lysine secretion is reduced to 50–70%. Using NMR spectroscopy, we could calculate how much of the l-lysine secreted into the medium is synthesized via each pathway. Amplification of the feedback inhibition-insensitive homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase in a high l-lysine overproducing strain enabled channelling of the carbon flow from the intermediate aspartate semialdehyde towards homoserine, resulting in a high accumulation of l-threonine. For a further flux from l-threonine to l-isoleucine the allosteric control of threonine dehydratase must be eliminated. In addition to all steps considered so far to be important for amino acid overproduction, the secretion into the culture medium also has to be noted. Recently it could be demonstrated that l-glutamate, l-lysine and l-isoleucine are not secreted via passive diffusion but via specific active carrier systems. Analysis of lysine-overproducing C. glutamicum strains indicates that this secretion carrier has a strong influence on the overproduction of this amino acid. Thus, for the construction of strong amino acid overproducing strains by using the gene cloning techniques, the overexpression of the genes for the export systems also seems necessary.
Characterization, Evaluation, and Design of Noise Separator for Conducted EMI Noise Diagnosis (2005)

In this paper, at first, three requirements for noise separators are specified and the disadvantages of traditional evaluation methods are pointed out. Noise separators are then characterized using scattering parameters (S-parameters). Existing noise separators are evaluated according to the specified requirements. Finally a noise separator is proposed with parasitic controlled design and the prototype is evaluated using the proposed method. An electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement shows that the proposed noise separator can effectively separate noise and that it is easy to use.
Molecular biology and electrophysiology of neuronal nicotinic receptors of rat chromaffin cells (2003)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla are physiologically activated by acetylcholine to mediate catecholamine release into the bloodstream. The present study examined the subunit composition and functional properties of rat chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using molecular biology, immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the presence of alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 transcripts (alpha6 and beta3 could not be detected). Immunocytochemistry revealed most cells positive for alpha3, beta2, beta4 and alpha5 proteins. Few cells were immunoreactive for alpha2 and alpha4, while none was for alpha7. At single-cell level, colocalization could be demonstrated for alpha3alpha5 and alpha4beta2. Western blot analysis confirmed antibody specificity for alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, beta2 and beta4 subunits. Inward currents elicited by nicotine pulses were insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin and low doses of methyllycaconitine, demonstrating lack of functional alpha7 receptors. Partial block of nicotine currents was observed with either AuIB alpha-conotoxin (selective against alpha3beta4 receptors) or MII alpha-conotoxin (selective against alpha3beta2 receptors). With high concentrations of co-applied toxins, antagonism occlusion developed, suggesting loss of subunit selectivity. Antagonism by dihydro-beta-erythroidine summated nonlinearly with AuIB and MII inhibition, confirming heterogeneity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor block. The present results suggest that the most frequently encountered receptors of rat chromaffin cells should comprise alpha3beta4, alpha3beta2 with the addition of alpha5 subunits. Because of the prevailing subunit composition, rat chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are suitable models, particularly for the alpha3beta4 subclasses of mammalian brain receptors recently demonstrated in discrete cerebral areas.
RPL based Named Data Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Wide Area Networks (2019)

The low-power and lossy wide-area networks (LLNs) have their unique characteristics compared to the fixed networks. The Named Data Networking (NDN) is well suited in such scenario for content request. OSPFN and NLSR have been designed for routing in NDN. Since they are extended from OSPF routing protocol, they do not function well in LLNs. This paper proposes the Named-data Routing Protocol for LLNs (NRPL), which extends the newly developed IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) by IETF. The new messages are presented to publish content both upstream and downstream in the LLNs. The storing and non-storing modes, as well as the multipath routing and security are supported in the proposed NRPL. The performance evaluation compares the control message overhead with different routing topologies and shows the performance improvement on the content request latency.
Nanophase diamond films produced by laser deposition (1994)

Films of nanophase diamond can be prepared in vacuum by the laser ablation of graphite at intensities in excess of 10<SUP>11</SUP> W cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. A variety of structural morphologies can result that depend upon the kinetic energies and charge states employed. The most promising is a nanophase diamond that we originally termed `amorphic diamond.' It is composed of nanometer scale nodules of sp<SUP>3</SUP> bonded carbon. The high energy of condensation from the laser plasma source provides both for the chemical bonding of such films to a wide variety of substrates and for low values of residual compressive stress, 0.6 - 0.8 GPa. This paper reports the solution of a lingering problem with the hardness of nanophase diamond. The packing density of nodules in the finished ceramic depends upon process variables and so hardness can fluctuate. With critical control at the point of ablation, films are produced that are too hard to measure. In this work, raw data produced with an advanced nanoindentation technique was analyzed with the conventional procedure and a hardness value of 125 GPa was obtained. Exceeding the hardness of natural diamond this value was so large as to raise concern for the validity of the conventional model used to interpret data. To avoid model dependent interpretation, a differential loading pressure, independent of depth, was used to give a lower limit on the hardness directly from the raw data. Comparable values of this lower limit, near 75 GPa have been measured on crystalline diamond prepared by CVD and on nanophase diamond deposited by our laser plasma method. The combination of hardness and resiliency together with a coefficient of friction near 0.1, seems to make nanophase diamond an attractive coating for use in current industrial applications.
Sea-floor classification using multibeam echo-sounding angular backscatter data: a real-time approach employing hybrid neural network architecture (2003)

The presently studied numerical model, e.g., composite roughness, is successful for the purpose of seafloor classification employing processed multibeam angular backscatter data from manganese-nodule-bearing locations of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) architecture, comprised of the self-organizing feature map and learning vector quantization (LVQ), has been implemented as an alternative technique for sea-floor roughness classification, giving comparative results with the aforesaid numerical model for processed multibeam angular backscatter data. However, the composite-roughness model approach is protracted due to the inherent need for processed data including system-gain corrections. In order to establish that tedious processing of raw backscatter values is unessential for efficient classification, hybrid ANN architecture has been attempted here due to its nonparametric approach. In this technical communication, successful employment of LVQ algorithm for unprocessed (raw) multibeam backscatter data indicates true real-time classification application.
Polycation as an Alternative Osmotic Agent and Phosphate Binder in Peritoneal Dialysis (1984)

We have previously shown that polyanions can be utilized to achieve balanced removal of sodium and water during peritoneal dialysis. The excessive binding of potassium, calcium, and magnesium to anionic polymers proves undesirable. The present study was designed to demonstrate the reversibility of cation binding by using a polycation (polyethylenimine) as the osmotic agent, thus favoring the removal of undesirable excess phosphate anions via peritoneal dialysis. Polyethylenimine shows a measurable affinity for phosphorus when present as dialysate in an in vitro system simulating peritoneal dialysis. The polycation also stimulates ultrafiltration across the rat peritoneum when present in dialysate. The polymer is toxic to the rat and light microscopy reveals gross morphological tissue alterations of the visceral mesothelium and associated organs. We have demonstrated that a polycation can give ultrafiltration with enhanced removal of phosphate. Although the polymer we chose as a prototype is toxic to the rat, other polycations should be studied.
Am electrostatically latching thermopneumatic microvalve with closed-loop position sensing (2005)

This paper presents a microvalve that combines thermopneumatic drive with an electrostatic hold, harnessing the advantages of both actuation mechanisms in a structure believed to be the first of its kind. A heater grid, elevated 10/spl mu/m above the cavity floor, energizes a working fluid, raising the pressure in the cavity and deflecting the corrugated diaphragm and valve plate. A capacitive pressure sensor reads out the cavity pressure and valve seat position and provides feedback to determine when to apply the electrostatic hold voltage. Once latched, the power can be removed from the heater and, thus, the valve only requires power to transition from open to closed and consumes no static power. The thermopneumatic/electrostatic actuator combination provides high force, high speed, and low power in an 8/spl times/8mm die and is being developed for a low-power wireless gas chromatography system. The thermopneumatic actuator closes the valve in 1s at 200mW and the valve position is determined with a sensitivity of 4.3fF/Torr. The leak rate is less than 0.02sccm and the open flow is 3.3sccm at 130Torr. The electrostatic hold mechanism latches above 40V for thermopneumatic pressures greater than 600Torr.
Inverse scattering for near-field scanning optical microscopy with broadband illumination (2010)

Abstract The linear inverse problem for near-field optical microscopy is solved for a broadband scanning modality. Pseudo-inverse formulae are derived and illustrated with numerical simulations. Keywords: near-fieldtomographymicroscopyspectralscanning probeinverse problem Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by U.S. Air Force MURI Grant F49620-03-10379. J.C.S. acknowledges support under Grant Nos. NSF DMR 0425780 and USAFOSR FA9550-07-1-0096.
FULL <i>AB INITIO</i> COMPUTATION OF PROTEIN-WATER INTERACTION ENERGIES (2004)

A method to perform full quantum mechanical (ab initio) calculation of interaction energy involving a macromolecule like protein has recently been developed. This new scheme, named molecular fractionation with conjugate caps (MFCC), decomposes a protein molecule into amino acid-based fragments. These individual fragments are properly treated to preserve the chemical property of the bonds that are cut. Through proper combination of interaction energies between the molecule and individual fragments and their conjugate caps, the full protein-molecule interaction energy can be obtained to a high degree-of-accuracy by full ab initio calculations. Here we report a benchmark full ab initio calculation of interaction energy between a HIV-1 gp41 protein (with 982 atoms) and a water molecule at various geometries using HF (Hartree Fock), DFT (density functional theory) and MP2 (second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory) methods on a standard workstation.
Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins – Advances in Synthesis and Supramolecular Chemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 6/2008) (2008)

Abstract The cover picture shows a simulated micelle formed by amphiphilic cyclodextrin molecules above a landscape of real cyclodextrin vesicles. Synthesis of amphiphilic cyclodextrins, and the ranges of supramolecular assemblies formed by them, are presented in the Microreview by F. Sallas and R. Darcy on p. 957 ff.
Technology developments in real-time tsunami measuring, monitoring and forecasting (2005)

Fast, accurate tsunami forecasts are an essential component of an effective tsunami warning system. Decision-makers at tsunami warning centers must assess the hazard to coastal communities by rapidly collecting and interpreting earthquake and sea-level data. The stakes are high: A missed warning could devastate entire regions and needless evacuations are expensive, dangerous and erode confidence in the warning system. Tsunami forecasting technology under development at NOAA/PMEL is based on the well-tested approach used in many other forecast systems - i.e., the integration of real-time measurement and modeling technologies. Real-time monitoring and measurement of sea-level data in the deep ocean is presently made by a seven-station network of DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) systems. DART II is a new generation system that will have additional features and capabilities to aid the forecasting ability of tsunami warning centers. As a result of the devastating impact of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami and the proven value of the DART array, the number of network stations will be increased to 39 by mid-2007.
A MOS four-quadrant analog multiplier using the quarter-square technique (1987)

A circuit configuration for a four-quadrant analog multiplier in MOS integrated circuit technology is described. It is based on the quarter-square algebraic identity and uses differential summer and differential squaring stages. The multiplier achieves a linearity of 0.44%, a -3-dB bandwidth of 5 MHz, a dynamic range of 87 dB, and a total harmonic distortion of 0.59%. The circuit was fabricated in a 5-/spl mu/m double-polysilicon p-well CMOS process. Typical power consumption is 10 mW. Chip size is 500 mil/SUP 2/.
Passively mode-locked picosecond lasers with up to 59 GHz repetition rate (2000)

We present very compact Nd:YVO4 lasers which are passively mode-locked with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror at very high repetition rates between 39 and 59 GHz. We achieved between 30 and 80 mW of average output power and pulse durations of 4.8–5.5 ps. As the pulse-to-pulse spacing is only 17 ps at 59 GHz, we are approaching the limit in repetition rate which is set by the pulse duration.
Monoclonal antibody assay for free urinary pyridinium cross-links (1996)

The pyridinium cross-links of collagen, pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), provide structural integrity and rigidity to collagen fibrils in bone. During bone degradation (resorption), the cross-links are released into the circulation and eventually excreted in urine. Pyridinium cross-link measurements in urine have been shown to be sensitive and specific indicators of resorption by both established HPLC and newer enzyme immunoassay (EIA) techniques. We have developed a monoclonal antibody that preferentially binds to the non-peptide-bound free forms of Pyd & Dpd. We have incorporated the antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase in a competitive EIA by using Pyd-coated microtiter strip wells. After a 3-h incubation of sample and antibody-enzyme conjugate, color is developed for 1 h with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate. The intraassay (n = 52) CVs were 3.0-7.6%, and interassay (n = 8) CVs were 6.1-7.4%. Comparisons of the assay (y) with HPLC (x) and a polyclonal antibody-based EIA (x') gave regression equations of y = 0.46x + 4, r = 0.96, and y = 0.56x' + 8, r = 0.96. The EIA detected increased Pyd & Dpd concentrations in urine from postmenopausal women and patients with osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget disease of bone. EIA concentrations also reflected the reduction in Pyd&Dpd excretion resulting from estrogen replacement in surgically menopausal women. Measurement of pyridinium cross-links with this simple EIA appears to provide an accurate index of the rate of resorption and may be useful for metabolic bone disease assessment and monitoring the effects of antiresorptive therapy.
Autothermal reforming of gasoline using a cool flame vaporizer (2004)

Abstract The phenomenon of cool flames can be used for mixing, evaporation, and overheating of a mixture of fuel, air, and steam. This method is used to provide a homogeneous mixture preparation. This study investigates the existence of cool flames running a stationary cool flame reactor under autothermal reforming conditions. It particularly characterizes the thermal limits of the cool flame reaction at high steam‐to‐carbon ratios. The experiments show that a cool flame vaporizer can be combined with an autothermal reformer leading to a homogeneous temperature profile in the front of the catalyst bed. This results in a good conversion of the fuel in the reforming process. 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 50: 1042–1050, 2004)
A new dimmable high power factor electronic ballast system for compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) with standard incandescent phase-cut dimmers (2009)

A novel dimmable electronic ballast system that is compatible with standard incandescent lamp dimmer is proposed in this paper for dimming compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). The proposed electronic ballast features high power factor throughout the entire dimming range even under the operation with incandescent phase-cut dimmer. The electronic ballast power circuit in the proposed system is a single switch circuit that consists of an integrated SEPIC converter to achieve high power factor at the input. The proposed dimming controller uses the phase angle of the dimmer as the input feedforward parameter and controls the switch of the power circuit using duty ratio control at the same time. As a result, a wide range of light output can be controlled without adjusting a wide range of phase angle from the phase-cut dimmer. Experimental results are given on a 18 W CFL from Sylvania to verify with the proposed concept.
Wire anode for isotope separation apparatus. [laser isotope separation] (1976)

In uranium enrichment, an electrode structure of thin, tensioned, parallel wires is claimed for use in applying an electric field to a region of a flowing uranium plasma including selectively ionized particles in order to accelerate the ionized particles for separate collection without interfering with the motion of neutral particles. 24 claims, 3 drawing figures.