gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise-parameter uncertainties: A Monte Carlo simulation (2002)

This paper reports the formulation and results of a Monte Carlo study of uncertainties in noise-parameter measurements. The simulator permits the computation of the dependence of the uncertainty in the noise parameters on uncertainties in the underlying quantities. Results are obtained for the effect due to uncertainties in the reflection coefficients of the input terminations, the noise temperature of the hot noise source, connector variability, the ambient temperature, and the measurement of the output noise. Representative results are presented for both uncorrelated and correlated uncertainties in the underlying quantities. The simulation program is also used to evaluate two possible enhancements of noise-parameter measurements: the use of a cold noise source as one of the input terminations and the inclusion of a measurement of the "reverse configuration," in which the noise from the amplifier input is measured directly.
Processing and Properties of Expanded Starch Materials (2009)

Expanded starch materials are prepared from normal potato starch (NPS) and amylopectin potato starch (PAP) using two-step extrusion with an intermediate conditioning in order to control the moisture content. The moisture content is the driving force for the expansion during the second extrusion. The effect of two different plasticizers, urea and glycerol, are compared with regard to the foaming ability in the presence of wheat gluten, acting as a processing aid. Melt strength, moisture content, and elongation at break of the melt of the starch materials prior to expansion are evaluated. The expanded structures are characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy and density measurements. The water absorption capability of the starch-based foams is also investigated. The processing of starch is facilitated by the addition of gluten and the properties of the foam are improved. The fraction of small cells in the foams is increased and the foam exhibits an improved water absorption ability. PAP in this case is found to be a more suitable raw material than NPS for preparing starch-based foams.
Fluorescent carbon quantum dots: Synthesis methods, functionalization and biomedical applications (2022)

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), a type of carbon material having size less than 10 nm and strong fluorescence is creating a new paradigm in the field of bioimaging and other biomedical applications. Owing to simple and low cost of synthesis, tunable and precise optical properties, high photostability and ease of surface functionalization with biological entities there is a huge potential in the field of CQDs based cell imaging applications. A thorough knowledge and understanding of synthesis methods and optical properties are crucial in translation of CQDs based bioimaging research from research lab to commercial purposes for societal benefit. Different methods of synthesis like electrochemical, laser ablation, microwave radiation, and hydrothermal and optical properties like photoluminescent (PL) property, quantum confinement effect, doping influence on optical properties of CQDs are covered in this review. Surface functionalization agents employed for different bio applications have been reviewed along with the current challenges. The applications of CQDs in bioimaging, biosensing and drug delivery along with the existing challenges and future prospects are discussed.
Mutations in the fusion peptide and heptad repeat regions of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein block fusion (1994)

Nonconservative mutations were introduced by site-specific mutagenesis into the fusion peptide and the adjacent heptad repeat region of the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus in order to determine the role of both regions in the fusion activity of the protein. Mutations in both regions that allowed for proper folding and intracellular transport of the protein blocked the fusion activity of the protein when assayed in the presence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.
A Social Matching System for an Online Dating Network: A Preliminary Study (2010)

Due to the change in attitudes and lifestyles, people expect to find new partners and friends via various ways now-a-days. Online dating networks create a network for people to meet each other and allow making contact with different objectives of developing a personal, romantic or sexual relationship. Due to the higher expectation of users, online matching companies are trying to adopt recommender systems. However, the existing recommendation techniques such as content-based, collaborative filtering or hybrid techniques focus on users explicit contact behaviors but ignore the implicit relationship among users in the network. This paper proposes a social matching system that uses past relations and user similarities in finding potential matches. The proposed system is evaluated on the dataset collected from an online dating network. Empirical analysis shows that the recommendation success rate has increased to 31% as compared to the baseline success rate of 19%.
An Enhanced ECC Remote Mutual Authentication with Key Agreement Scheme for Mobile Devices (2013)

Recently, Islam and Biswas proposed an efficient and secure ID-based remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme. We have analyzed the security and performance of Islam and Biswas’s scheme and showed that their scheme has some pitfalls. In order to solve these problems, we have constructed an enhanced ECC remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme and proven that the proposed scheme is a secure authenticated key agreement protocol in the random oracle and can survive against the known session-specific temporary information attack, channel attack and replay attack, and the user can freely choose and change his password without any hassle of contacting the remote server. As compared with Islam and Biswas’s scheme, our scheme has better performance in term of the computation cost, security, communication overhead and communication round. Thus, our scheme is suitable for resource-constrained wireless communication networks.
Inflammasome activation and assembly at a glance (2017)

Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that typically comprise a sensor, an adaptor and the zymogen procaspase-1. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage, which further induces maturation of interleukins 1β and 18 (IL-1β and IL-18) through proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Activated caspase-1 also cleaves gasdermin D, which leads to a particular form of cell death called pyroptosis. Mutations in genes that encode inflammasome components are associated with many inflammatory disorders, and studies in the past decade have highlighted the importance of appropriate activation of the inflammasome in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Therefore, much attention is being paid to uncover the modulators and regulators of inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. This Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster outlines the concepts in the activation of inflammasome sensors and assembly of the inflammasome platform. We also discuss recent insights into the mechanisms of regulation of inflammasome activity and the induction of cell death by pyroptosis.
Differentiation‐dependent expression of CA V and the role of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in pyruvate carboxylation in adipocytes (1996)

The incorporation of radioactivity from 14C-labeled compounds into metabolic intermediates and total lipids was examined in 3T3 adipocytes. The heterocyclic sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (SCAI) 6-ethoxyzolamide (ETZ) caused a decrease (42+/-7% of control, IC50 = 2.2+/-1.1 x 10(-7) M) in the incorporation of [14C] bicarbonate into several Krebs cycle intermediates in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. This decrease in pyruvate carboxylase-mediated [14C] carbon fixation was associated with a reduction in fluorometrically determined [citrate] and [malate]. The ability of ETZ to decrease both the incorporation of radioactivity into and the concentrations of Krebs cycle intermediates was not of sufficient magnitude to lower [ATP], but was associated with a decrease in de novo lipogenesis from [14C]glucose. De novo lipogenesis was also inhibited to a similar extent by trifluormethanesulfonamide, an aliphatic SCAI, which suggests that the effects are mediated by carbonic anhydrase. ETZ did not inhibit de novo lipogenesis from [14C]glutamine (12.38+/-1.068 nmol/mg protein, ETZ; 12.5+/-0.846 nmol/mg protein, DMSO). This suggests that ETZ inhibition of lipogenesis involves an inhibitory effect on pyruvate carboxylase as opposed to acetyl CoA carboxylase, because the incorporation of glutamine into lipids does not involve pyruvate carboxylase. Decreased de novo lipogenesis was also observed by incubating cultures in media that contained 1 mM bicarbonate (atmosphere:100% humidified air) rather than 25 mM bicarbonate (atmosphere: 95% humidified air/5% CO2). This suggests that exogenous CO2/bicarbonate may be required to sustain maximal rates of de novo lipogenesis. Because these results implied that CA V, the mitochondrial isoform of carbonic anhydrase, might be present in adipocytes, CA V levels were measured by immunoblotting. Mitochondrial preparations of adipocytes and liver were found to contain similar concentrations of CA V. Unlike adipocyte CA III, CA V concentrations were not significantly different in lean and obese Zucker rats. However, CA V levels were ninefold higher in differentiated 3T3-F442A adipocytes compared to undifferentiated adipoblasts. Our data indicate that CA V is relatively abundant in adipocyte mitochondria and exhibits differentiation-dependent expression like pyruvate carboxylase and the cytosolic isozymes CA II and CA III. The possible roles of CA II and CA V in pyruvate carboxylation are discussed.
Left-Handed-Media Simulation and Transmission of EM Waves in Subwavelength Split-Ring-Resonator-Loaded Metallic Waveguides (2002)

At microwave frequencies, hollow metallic waveguides behave in certain aspects as a "one-dimensional plasma." This feature will be advantageously used for simulating the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in left-handed metamaterials provided the hollow waveguide is periodically loaded with split ring resonators. It will be shown that EM transmission in this structure is feasible within a certain frequency band even if the transverse dimensions of the waveguide are much smaller than the associated free-space wavelength. This effect can be qualitatively and quantitatively explained by the left-handed metamaterial theory, thus providing a new experimental validation for such a theory.
A privacy-preserving interdomain audit framework (2006)

Recent trends in Internet computing have led to the popularization of many forms of virtual organizations. Examples include supply chain management, grid computing, and collaborative research environments like PlanetLab. Unfortunately, when it comes to the security analysis of these systems, the whole is certainly greater than the sum of its parts. That is, local intrusion detection and audit practices are insufficient for detecting distributed attacks such as coordinated network reconnaissance, stepping-stone attacks, and violations of application-level trust constraints between security domains. A distributed process that coordinates information from each member could detect these types of violations, but privacy concerns between member organizations or safety concerns about centralizing sensitive information often restrict this level of information flow. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving framework for distributed audit that allows member organizations to detect distributed attacks without requiring the release of excessive private information. We discuss both the architecture and mechanisms used in our approach and comment on the performance of a prototype implementation.
<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> has a homologue of <i>tolC</i> that is required for virulence in BALB/c mice (1995)

The ability of Salmonella to invade tissue culture cells is correlated with virulence. Therefore, the tissue culture invasion model has been used extensively to study this process and to identify the bacterial genes involved and their products. Described here is the further characterization of a Salmonella enteritidis mutant (SM6T) originally identified as a non-invasive for tissue culture cells. A chromosomal DNA fragment complementing this defect was cloned and sequenced. The derived protein sequence is 89% identical to TolC from Escherichia coli, an outer membrane protein required for the signal peptide-independent transport of alpha-haemolysin and colicin V. Therefore, sinA was renamed tolC and is referred to in this text as tolCs to distinguish it from tolC of E. coli. TolCs and TolC are functionally similar since tolC can complement the invasion-defective phenotype of a tolCs mutant, and tolCs is required for export of alpha-haemolysin by Salmonella. The tolCs mutant is avirulent for mice when administered by the oral route, suggesting that the gene is important for virulence. Further characterization of the tolCs mutant indicated that like tolC mutants it is more sensitive than the wild-type strain to various detergents, antibiotics and dyes. This mutant is more sensitive to Triton X-100 only when associated with the monolayer, and the invasion-defective phenotype appears to be artifact of this sensitivity. In addition, the tolCs mutant is more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of human serum. Therefore, the avirulent phenotype could be the result of an inability to secrete a necessary virulence factor, or an increased sensitivity to complement and detergents as a result of a subtle alteration in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with tolC mutations.
Synthesis of a Confined Class of Chiral Organic Catalysts via Bulk Imprinting of Silica (2005)

A general method for synthesizing proline-amide catalysts as isolated entities within a hydrophobic and confined environment is achieved via bulk imprinting of chiral secondary amines in microporous silica.
CXCR1- or CXCR2-modified CAR T cells co-opt IL-8 for maximal antitumor efficacy in solid tumors (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting solid tumors has stagnated as a result of tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and inadequate intratumoral T cell trafficking and persistence. Early (≤3 days) intratumoral presentation of CAR T cells post-treatment is a superior predictor of survival than peripheral persistence. Therefore, we have co-opted IL-8 release from tumors to enhance intratumoral T-cell trafficking through a CAR design for maximal antitumor activity in solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that IL-8 receptor, CXCR1 or CXCR2, modified CARs markedly enhance migration and persistence of T cells in the tumor, which induce complete tumor regression and long-lasting immunologic memory in pre-clinical models of aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic cancer.
Comparison in the phylogenetic pattern of Java eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) from Java to Western Indian Ocean: Monophyletic fact and migration loop possibility (2022)

The phylogenetic data of the Java eel population is crucial for future catadromous aquaculture in Indonesia. The study aims to know how eel species from Java and West India differ in their evolutionary patterns. Four river estuaries in Central Java and one estuary in West Java, Indonesia, were chosen as samples of Javanese eel origins. Phylogenic comparison data from five regions of the Western Indian Ocean and one region of the Philippines (Pacific Ocean) were examined, taken from GenBank® data. The results showed that BLAST from 25 eels from Central and West Java was Anguilla bicolor bicolor (homology value 96 – 100%). The phylogenetic tree revealed that samples from Java nested into the West Indian Ocean with two Clades but were isolated from the Pacific Ocean eels. There are 25 pairs of monophyletic samples estimated to be the most recent common ancestor among the Indian Ocean eel samples from west to west, east to east, and west to east.
Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD): Molecular genetics, clinical experience, and fetal morphology (1998)

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is one of the most common hereditary renal cystic diseases and has a high infant mortality. Prenatal diagnosis using fetal sonography can be unreliable, especially in early pregnancy. The ARPKD locus has been mapped to proximal chromosome 6p allowing haplotype-based prenatal diagnosis in "at-risk" families. From December 1994 to March 1997, we received 258 inquiries regarding prenatal evaluation and we have completed analyses in 212 families. To date, 65 prenatal analyses have been performed in 57 families. In the majority of the requesting families (45/57), the index children are deceased and their DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue. Eighteen fetuses were homozygous for the disease-associated haplotypes. In 12 of these fetuses, pathoanatomical examination demonstrated typical ARPKD changes consisting of dilated collecting ducts and the characteristic hepatic ductal plate malformation. These changes were detected in two fetuses as early as 13 weeks gestational age. These cases represent the earliest demonstration of ARPKD-associated histopathology reported to date. One high risk fetus was carried to term and turned out to be unaffected. However, the diagnosis of ARPKD remained doubtful in the index patient. Forty-three fetuses were either heterozygous or homozygous for a nondisease-associated haplotype and all infants born were phenotypically unaffected at birth. In four cases, a recombination event occurred between the flanking markers and no genotypic prediction was possible. Three of these pregnancies were terminated and necropsy of the fetuses confirmed ARPKD, while one fetus was carried to term and showed no abnormalities at birth. These results show that haplotype-based prenatal testing is feasible and reliable in pregnancies "at risk" for ARPKD. An absolute prerequisite for these studies is an accurate diagnosis of ARPKD in previously affected sib(s).
Direct thromboaspiration efficacy for mechanical thrombectomy is related to the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot (2019)

Background Direct thromboaspiration has been reported as an effective mechanical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot affects the success of clot removal in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation. Methods All patients treated at our institution by direct thromboaspiration as a firstline technique between January 2016 and December 2017 were enrolled in the study. We retrospectively reviewed baseline and procedural characteristics, the angle of interaction formed between the aspiration catheter and the clot, the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, and the 3 month modified Rankin Scale score. Results 85 patients underwent direct thromboaspiration as the firstline treatment during the study period. 100 direct thromboaspiration passes were performed. An angle of interaction of ≥125.5° significantly influenced the success of clot removal (P<0.001) with good sensitivity and specificity, in particular for occlusion of the middle cerebral and basilar artery. The combination of aspiration with a stent retriever based thrombectomy was a valid rescue treatment in cases of standalone direct thromboaspiration failure. Conclusions In our series, an angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot of ≥125.5° was significantly associated with successful clot removal. The prediction of the angle of interaction on pretreatment imaging may help operators to select the most adequate mechanical thrombectomy technique on a case by case basis.
High-quality-factor photonic crystal ring resonator (2014)

A design for enhancing the quality (Q) factor of a photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) is introduced. The highest Q factor based on simulations is 121,000. The analysis of momentum space distributions of the electric field profile for PCRR resonance shows that a high Q factor of a PCRR is attributed to the reduction of tangential k-vector component inside the leaky region. A high Q factor of 75,200 is experimentally demonstrated for a modified PCRR on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The high-Q-factor PCRR demonstrated here will be beneficial for channel drop filters, lasers, sensors, and other applications.
Catalysis of Cross-Coupling and Homocoupling Reactions of Aryl Halides Utilizing Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) Precursors; Ni(0) Compounds as the Probable Catalytic Species but Ni(I) Compounds as Intermediates and Products (2017)

Both Ni(0) and Ni(I) compounds are believed to exhibit cross-coupling catalytic properties under various conditions, and the compounds Ni(PPh3)4 and NiCl(PPh3)3 are compared as catalysts for representative Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions. The Ni(0) compound exhibits catalytic activities, for cross-coupling of chloro and bromoanisole with phenylboronic acid and of bromobenzene with styrene, yielding results which are comparable with those of many palladium-based catalysts, but our findings with NiCl(PPh3)3 are at this point unclear. It seems to convert to catalytically active Ni(0) species under Suzuki–Miyaura reaction conditions and is ineffective for Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling. The paramagnetic Ni(I) compounds NiX(PPh3)3 (X = Cl, Br, I) are characterized for the first time by 1H NMR spectroscopy and are found to exhibit broad meta and para resonances at δ 9–11 and 3–4, respectively, and very broad ortho resonances at δ 4−6; these resonances are very useful for detecting Ni(I) species in solution. The chemical shifts of NiCl(PPh3)3 vary with the concentration of free PPh3, with which it exchanges, and are also temperature-dependent, consistent with Curie law behavior. The compound trans-NiPhCl(PPh3)2, the product of oxidative addition of chlorobenzene to Ni(PPh3)4 and a putative intermediate in cross-coupling reactions of chlorobenzene, is found during the course of this investigation to exhibit entirely unanticipated thermal lability in solution in the absence of free PPh3. It readily decomposes to biphenyl and NiCl(PPh3)2 in a reaction relevant to the long-known but little-understood nickel-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides to biaryls. Ni(I) and biphenyl formation is initiated by PPh3 dissociation from trans-NiPhCl(PPh3)2 and formation of a dinuclear intermediate, a process which is now better defined using DFT methodologies.
Regulation of growth cone behavior by calcium (1991)

A Model for Calcium Regulation of Growth Cone Behavior Few structures within the nervous system have received more attention than the neuronal growth cone. Initially named by Ramon y Cajal (1890) who recognized its dynamics and importance in histological sections, the growth cone plays essential roles in the development, repair, and modification of neuronal circuitry. Growth cones have a diverse repertoire of behaviors (Fig. These behaviors underlie the more complex processes of neurite elongation, pathfinding, and selective synaptogenesis. Thus, a fundamental concern of developmental neurobiology is the definition of environmental and intracellular cues that regulate growth cone behavior.