gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavefield Tomography Based on Local Image Correlation (2012)

The estimation of a velocity model from the acquired data is a crucial step for obtaining a high-quality image of the subsurface. Velocity estimation is usually formulated as an optimization problem, where an objective function is defined to measure the quality of the image, and its gradient is used to update the model. The objective function can be defined in the data space (as in full-waveform inversion) or in the image space (as in migration velocity analysis). The latter leads to smooth objective functions, which are convex in a wider basin about the global minimum. Nonetheless, migration velocity analysis requires to image the entire survey before assessing the consistency between the velocity model and the data. We present a new measure of velocity errors and a new objective function based on the local correlation of the migrated images that extracts velocity error information directly in the image domain without computing common-image gathers, thus reducing the computational cost. Because of the large size of the problem, gradient-based method (such as conjugate gradient) are used in the optimization procedure. The gradient is computed using the adjoint-state method. We illustrate the method with a simple synthetic example.
Visible light-driven efficient overall water splitting using p-type metal-nitride nanowire arrays (2015)

Solar water splitting for hydrogen generation can be a potential source of renewable energy for the future. Here we show that efficient and stable stoichiometric dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen can be achieved under visible light by eradicating the potential barrier on nonpolar surfaces of indium gallium nitride nanowires through controlled p-type dopant incorporation. An apparent quantum efficiency of ∼12.3% is achieved for overall neutral (pH∼7.0) water splitting under visible light illumination (400-475 nm). Moreover, using a double-band p-type gallium nitride/indium gallium nitride nanowire heterostructure, we show a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of ∼1.8% under concentrated sunlight. The dominant effect of near-surface band structure in transforming the photocatalytic performance is elucidated. The stability and efficiency of this recyclable, wafer-level nanoscale metal-nitride photocatalyst in neutral water demonstrates their potential use for large-scale solar-fuel conversion.
Modulating the Strength and Threshold of NOTCH Oncogenic Signals by mir-181a-1/b-1 (2012)

Oncogenes, which are essential for tumor initiation, development, and maintenance, are valuable targets for cancer therapy. However, it remains a challenge to effectively inhibit oncogene activity by targeting their downstream pathways without causing significant toxicity to normal tissues. Here we show that deletion of mir-181a-1/b-1 expression inhibits the development of Notch1 oncogene-induced T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). mir-181a-1/b-1 controls the strength and threshold of Notch activity in tumorigenesis in part by dampening multiple negative feedback regulators downstream of NOTCH and pre-T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. Importantly, although Notch oncogenes utilize normal thymic progenitor cell genetic programs for tumor transformation, comparative analyses of mir-181a-1/b-1 function in normal thymocyte and tumor development demonstrate that mir-181a-1/b-1 can be specifically targeted to inhibit tumor development with little toxicity to normal development. Finally, we demonstrate that mir-181a-1/b-1, but not mir-181a-2b-2 and mir-181-c/d, controls the development of normal thymic T cells and leukemia cells. Together, these results illustrate that NOTCH oncogene activity in tumor development can be selectively inhibited by targeting the molecular networks controlled by mir-181a-1/b-1.
EEG Source Connectivity Analysis: From Dense Array Recordings to Brain Networks (2014)

The recent past years have seen a noticeable increase of interest for electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze functional connectivity through brain sources reconstructed from scalp signals. Although considerable advances have been done both on the recording and analysis of EEG signals, a number of methodological questions are still open regarding the optimal way to process the data in order to identify brain networks. In this paper, we analyze the impact of three factors that intervene in this processing: i) the number of scalp electrodes, ii) the combination between the algorithm used to solve the EEG inverse problem and the algorithm used to measure the functional connectivity and iii) the frequency bands retained to estimate the functional connectivity among neocortical sources. Using High-Resolution (hr) EEG recordings in healthy volunteers, we evaluated these factors on evoked responses during picture recognition and naming task. The main reason for selection this task is that a solid literature background is available about involved brain networks (ground truth). From this a priori information, we propose a performance criterion based on the number of connections identified in the regions of interest (ROI) that belong to potentially activated networks. Our results show that the three studied factors have a dramatic impact on the final result (the identified network in the source space) as strong discrepancies were evidenced depending on the methods used. They also suggest that the combination of weighted Minimum Norm Estimator (wMNE) and the Phase Synchronization (PS) methods applied on High-Resolution EEG in beta/gamma bands provides the best performance in term of topological distance between the identified network and the expected network in the above-mentioned cognitive task.
A facile synthesis of ochratoxin A (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA facile synthesis of ochratoxin AGeorge A. KrausCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1, 201–202Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00314a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00314a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Orientation invariant gait matching algorithm based on the Kabsch alignment (2015)

Accelerometer and gyroscope sensors in smart phones capture the dynamics of human gait that can be matched to arrive at identity authentication measures of the person carrying the phone. Any such matching method has to take into account the reality that the phone may be placed at uncontrolled orientations with respect to the human body. In this paper, we present a novel orientation invariant gaitmatching algorithm based on the Kabsch alignment. The algorithm consists of simple, intuitive, yet robust methods for cycle splitting, aligning orientation, and comparing gait signals. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method using a dataset from 101 subjects, with the phone placed in uncontrolled orientations in the holster and in the pocket, and collected on different days. We find that the orientation invariant gait algorithm results in a significant reduction in error: up to a 9% reduction in equal error rate, from 30.4% to 21.5% when comparing data captured on different days. On the McGill dataset from 20 subjects, which is the other dataset with orientation variation, we find a more pronounced effect; the identification rate increased from 67.5% to 96.5%. On the OU-ISIR data, which has data from 745 subjects, the equal error rates are as low as 6.3%, which is among the best reported in the literature.
A systematic approach for Failure Modes and Effects Analysis of System-On-Chips (2007)

This paper proposes a method to perform failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) on system-on- chips (SoC). An automatic tool extracts information from the SoC description and uses them to estimate the intrinsic criticality of invariant and elementary "sensitive zones " and to compute metrics such failure rates, safe failures fraction and diagnostic coverage. A validation flow based on fault injection and fault simulation is included to cross check the FMEA.
A novel clustering-based RSS aggregator (2007)

In recent years, different commercial Weblog subscribing systems have been proposed to return stories from users. subscribed feeds. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering-based RSS aggregator called as RSS Clusgator System (RCS) for Weblog reading. Note that an RSS feed may have several different topics. A user may only be interested in a subset of these topics. In addition there could be many different stories from multiple RSS feeds, which discuss similar topic from different perspectives. A user may be interested in this topic but do not know how to collect all feeds related to this topic. In contrast to many previous works, we cluster all stories in RSS feeds into hierarchical structure to better serve the readers. Through this way, users can easily find all their interested stories. To make the system current, we propose a flexible time window for incremental clustering. RCS utilizes both link information and content information for efficient clustering. Experiments show the effectiveness of RCS.
Microfluidic devices for the isolation of circulating rare cells: A focus on affinity‐based, dielectrophoresis, and hydrophoresis (2013)

Circulating rare cells have attracted interest because they can be good indicators of various types of diseases. For example, enumeration of circulating tumor cells is used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, while DNA analysis or enumeration of nucleated red blood cells is useful for prenatal diagnosis or hypoxic anemia, and that of circulating stem cells to diagnose cancer metastasis. Isolation of these cells and their downstream analyses can provide significant information such as the origin and characteristics of a disease. Novel approaches based on microfluidics have many advantages, including the continuous process and integration with other components for analysis. For these reasons, a variety of microfluidic devices have been developed to isolate and characterize rare cells. In this article, we review several microfluidic devices, with a focus on affinity-based isolation (e.g. antigen-antibody reaction) and label-free separation (DEP and hydrophoresis).
Leaching, Phytotoxicity, and Weed Control of New Formulations of Alachlor (1998)

The use of commercially available formulations of alachlor has resulted in a serious environmental problem due to its leaching and migration to water sources. The objective of this study was to develop organo−clay based formulations that can significantly reduce leaching and improve weed control efficacy. We adsorbed the herbicide to montmorillonite clay particles whose surfaces were modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by preadsorbing to the clay an organic cation, such as benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) to reduce release of the herbicide into the soil. Alachlor adsorption was determined by gas chromatography. Organo−clay complexes of 0.5 mmol BTMA/g of clay gave larger adsorbed amounts and better formulations of alachlor as compared to BTMA preadsorbed up to the cation exchange capacity (0.8 mmol/g), whereas formulations without organic cations were not effective and gave little adsorption of the herbicide. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the optimal formulation also yielded the largest shifts of the stretching vibrations of the phenyl ring. The organo−clay formulations yielded slow release of the herbicide to the environment, maintaining the herbicidal activity in the top soil as measured by a bioassay using green foxtail and wheat as test plants. Laboratory and field experiments showed improved weed control at significantly reduced applied rate when alachlor was applied as organo−clay formulations. Keywords: Alachlor; montmorillonite; benzyltrimethylammonium; benzyltriethylammonium; benzyltributylammonium; hexadecylammonium; leaching; phytotoxicity; herbicidal activity
An experimental evaluation of transparent user interface tools and information content (1995)

The central research issue addressed by this paper is how we can design computer interfaces that better support human attention and better maintain the fluency of work.
A new feedback method for power amplifier with unilateralization and improved output return loss (2006)

Given a device with a conventionally optimized P/sub 1 dB/ point, this paper proposes a new theory for feedback amplifiers to optimize gain and improves S/sub 22/ (ideally resulting in S/sub 22/=0). The design procedure only requires the small-signal S-parameters and the measured load-pull data of the transistor. To verify this theory, two 800-mW 2-GHz GaAs MESFET amplifiers with and without the lossless feedback were implemented and evaluated. The feedback amplifier achieved significant improvement in linear gain (6 dB), reverse isolation (12 dB), and output return loss (5 dB) with the same output P/sub 1/dB for both types of amplifiers.
High frequency integrated Point of Load (POL) module with PCB embedded inductor substrate (2013)

In this paper, a novel alloy flake composite material is used to demonstrate the PCB integrated magnetic component with low temperature fabrication process. The most important benefit of the alloy flake composite core is easy to be patterned into any desired shape for integration. Compared with the traditional flake composite, the permeability and core loss of the new flake composite are improved prominently, by doing some lateral alignment of the flake and increasing the volume ratio of the alloy. The layerwise magnetic core is sandwiched into multilayer PCB using conventional PCB laminating technique. It has been proved that the manufacturing process, such as laminating, cutting and drilling, has very little impact on the magnetic properties of the flake core. Based on a simple 4-layer PCB substrate with embedded core, the megahertz 3D integrated Point of Load (POL) modules are built, which achieve more than 700 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. The PCB modules survive after hundreds of thermal variation cycles, validating the reliability and compatibility of the alloy flake composite material with PCB integration. In addition, the application of standard PCB process reduces the cost for manufacturing such integrated modules due to the easy automation and low temperature process.
A mechanically based magneto-inductive transmitter with electrically modulated reluctance (2018)

Magneto-inductive (MI) communication is a viable technology for wireless communications in underwater and underground environments. In this paper, a new design for an MI transmitter is presented. Unlike conventional MI transmitters that utilize coiled loops or solenoids to generate magnetic fields, we demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of using a rotating permanent magnet. We also present and experimentally verify a modulation technique that does not involve changing the rotational speed of the magnet. By electrically changing the permeability of a surrounding shield, the fields from the rotating magnet are amplitude modulated. Our findings suggest that increased efficiency and bandwidth can be realized compared to conventional MI transmitters.
<title>VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass and glass-ceramics</title> (2001)

BaO-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<SUB>3</SUB>-GeO<SUB>2</SUB>(BGG) glasses have the desired properties for window applications in the 0.5-5micrometers wavelength region. These glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials and are being scaled- up to large sizes for various Department of Defense (DoD) applications. Fabrication of a high optical quality 6.5' x 8.5' x 0.5' rectangular BGG glass window has already been demonstrated. A transmitted wave front error of about (lambda) /15 at 632nm has been achieved in polished BGG glasses. Recently a 20' round glass window blank has been cast. Although the mechanical properties of BGG glass are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that they can be further improved significantly either by the glass-ceramization process or by forming a composite. Neither process adds any significant cost to the final window material. The glass composite transmits in the 0.5-5micrometers region while the crystallite size in the glass-ceramic currently limits its transmission to the 2-5micrometers region.
The direct observation of gain on the 1.315 μm transition of atomic iodine produced by the energy transfer from NCl(a[sup 1]Δ) to I([sup 2]P[sub 3/2]) (1999)

Gain between the I(2P3/2) and I*(2P1/2) states of atomic iodine at 1.315 μm was detected in a transverse subsonic flow reactor that produced electronically excited I*(2P1/2) atoms from the efficient energy transfer reaction between NCl(a1Δ) metastables and ground state I(2P3/2) atoms. The population inversion was directly observed using a 1.315 μm tunable diode laser that scanned across the entire I(2P3/2)−I*(2P1/2) hyperfine transition with complete resolution.
Low sidelobe antenna patterns with failed elements (2012)

Many radar and communication systems utilize phased antenna arrays where it is desirable to maintain low-sidelobes even when one or more individual antenna elements have failed. Traditionally, computing low-sidelobe beamforming with disabled elements requires accurate antenna element patterns. In this paper we present a new algorithm for computing low-sidelobe beamforming that only requires the original beamforming weights that produce low sidelobes when all elements are functioning normally. The algorithm is computationally inexpensive, does not require accurate knowledge of the antenna element patterns, and permits user adjustment of the trade-off between sidelobe level, taper loss, and mainbeam width. Near optimum low sidelobes are demonstrated in several examples.
Anodic TiO<sub>2</sub>‐based porous photonic films (2010)

Abstract We here report using the convenient anodization method to fabricate colored porous TiO 2 films. The photonic color of the fabricated TiO 2 film originates from the Fabry–Pérot interference phenomena. By adjusting the parameters of the anodization process, TiO 2 films with different colors are obtained. The fabricated TiO 2 photonic film is mesoporous and is capable of optical sensing as illustrated by the change of its optical response upon exposure to ethanol vapor. magnified image
Direct oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid using nano-gold catalysts (2012)

Adipic acid (AA) is one of the most important commercially available aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, which has a large industrial application in the manufacture of Nylon-6 and Nylon-66. The present work demonstrated a green chemistry route for the direct oxidation of cyclohexane (CH) to AA using supported nano-gold catalyst in one-step reaction. The catalysts were prepared in two steps and were then characterized by different methods such as ICP, BET surface area, XRD, SEM, TEM, etc. Catalytic tests were carried out using Parr autoclave in the temperature range of 100–170 °C, and the products were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Among all investigated catalysts, TiO2 supported nano-gold exhibited the superior activity compared to all other tested catalysts. The conversion of CH and the selectivity of AA obtained over TiO2 supported catalyst were 16.4 % and ca. 21.6 %, respectively, without a noticeable change in the catalyst stability. In summary, it is possible to produce AA with ca. 8 % yield using nano-gold supported on TiO2.
BMPs in articular cartilage repair (2002)

Over the past several decades, in clinical orthopedic work, from open Magnusson “housecleaning” arthroplasty to the autologous chondrocyte implantation, much has been learned about articular cartilage and its physiological capacity to restore itself. To date, no technique has been completely successful in restoring normal regenerative articular cartilage. Techniques to treat chondral defects include abrasion, drilling, microfracture technique, tissue autografts, allografts, and cell transplantation [, , , , , , , , , , , ]. Bone marrow stimulation techniques such as abrasion, drilling, and microfractures produce only fibrocartilage and therefore do not offer a longterm cure. Subchondral bone plate microfracture (abrasion or drilling) has shown to enhance chondral resurfacing by providing a suitable environment for tissue regeneration and taking advantage of the body’s own healing potential. The formation of a fibrin clot (“super clot”) containing desired pluripotential stem cells is stimulated []. This clot then differentiates and remodels, resulting in a durable fibrocartilage repair tissue []. Perichondral and periostal interposition grafts produce repair tissue that is similar to hyaline cartilage but also lack the mechanical durability. Like bone marrow stimulation techniques, interposition grafts introduce precursor cells, which have a tendency to differentiate along lines other than cartilage []. Autologous osteochondral transplant systems have shown encouraging results, but graft matching and contouring to the recipient articular surface proved to be difficult.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Palm-Based Wax Esters (2004)

Wax esters are long chain esters that are derived from long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols with chain lengths of 12 carbons or more. The compounds have many potential applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters by alcoholysis of palm oil with oleyl alcohol using Lipozyme. The effects of various reaction parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amount of enzyme, molar ratio of substrates, various organic solvents and initial water activity (aw) of the reaction system were investigated. The optimum condition to produce wax ester were respectively, incubation time, 5 h-7 h, temperature, 40°C-50°C, amount of enzyme, 1.5% (w/v) and molar ratio of oleyl alcohol to palm oil, 3:1. Hexane was the best solvent for this reaction. Analysis of the yield of the products at optimum condition showed that between 78-83% wax esters were produced.