gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on the accuracy of a CDMA-based location system (2003)

Recently, positioning of the handset from which the calls occur has been required for public safety. For emergency services, USA wireless carriers have been obligated to provide a position location at the handset and the services are called Enhanced 911 (E911). We have developed a IS-95-based location system which uses forward link trilation (FLT) techniques. Performance evaluations in various environments through simulations are often required and the evaluation technique is the key issue for efficient development of such location systems. In this paper, the simulation model proposed here is verified with a field trial. The simulation results and the trial results show good agreement. The results show that the proposed scheme could give the ability to evaluate the performance of the location system. Then, this paper shows simulation results of the location accuracy in typical environments with actual geometric configuration of the handset and the base stations. The results show that the location system achieves positioning accuracy which satisfies the E911 requirements.
Review for State-of-the-Art Health Monitoring Technologies on Airframe Fuel Pumps (2022)

Aircraft maintenance is an essential cost borne by the airline. Improving maintenance practices for day-to-day operations can lead to significant financial savings. The benefits of effective maintenance are derived from the avoided costs caused by unexpected breakdowns and from maximising aircraft flight time transporting passengers. The fuel system is a crucial part of the entire aircraft as it ensures delivery of the fuel to the engine and a key component within this system are the fuel pumps. These airborne fuel pumps are classified between the pumps installed in the airframe fuel system and in the engine fuel system. Past works have investigated the performance characteristics of these pumps during flight, however there are no reviews related to the present Health Monitoring (HM) capabilities under flight conditions. HM refers to the field of diagnosing faults or predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump and the focus of this review is to highlight the HM technologies suitable for aircraft fuel pumps. This is done by first reviewing the technologies and concepts related to HM of fuel pumps. Second a literature review is carried out on pump and motor faults is carried out, drawing on examples from aerospace and other relevant industries. Section 6: Conclusion, discusses the HM technologies have been applied to aerospace fuel pumps and highlights the gaps in capabilities, based on the findings of the literature review carried out in Section 4: Common Faults and Section 5: HM Sensing Methods to suggest future developments in this field. It was found that there is a large scope for development for the HM airframe fuel pumps, based on reviewing the present state of the art. Furthermore, there are no clear strategies formulated by airframe manufacturers and equipment suppliers to test and implement existing HM solutions to operate under flight conditions. This highlights the need to develop HM in this field and a requirement for further research to allow this technology to be a part of routine aircraft
Macro-scale acoustophoretic separation of lipid particles from red blood cells. (2013)

Autologous blood salvage is frequently used in cardiac surgery. However, shed mediastinal blood contains lipid particles ranging in size from 10 to 60 μm. Lipid emboli flow and subsequently lodge in the brain capillaries resulting in strokes, leading to neurocognitive dysfunction and death. A novel acoustophoretic filtration system has been developed to separate the lipids from the red blood cells (RBCs). The system works at the macro-scale, supporting flow rates in excess of 2 L/hr. The system is designed such that the acoustic radiation force is able to overcome the combined effects of fluid drag and buoyancy forces. Both RBCs and lipid particles are therefore trapped in the ultrasonic standing wave. Due to the opposite contrast factors of lipids and RBCs, the two components separate at opposite nodes within the standing wave, with lipids concentrating at pressure anti-nodes and RBCs at pressure nodes. Subsequent gravitational separation is used to separate the lipids and RBCs. Preliminary results were obtained with a suspension of 10x diluted bovine blood mixed with a 0.75% safflower oil emulsion. Measurements indicate a 15 fold increase in hematocrit of the captured RBCs when compared to the original sample solution, and an excellent separation of the oil droplets.
ERK-Mediated Activation of Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 2 (Faim2) Prevents Apoptosis of 661W Cells in a Model of Detachment-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Death (2012)

In this study, we examined the role of Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (Faim2), an inhibitor of the Fas signaling pathway, and its regulation by stress kinase signaling during Fas-mediated apoptosis of 661W cells, an immortalized photoreceptor-like cell line Treatment of 661W cells with a Fas-activating antibody led to increased levels of Faim2. Both ERK and JNK stress kinase pathways were activated in Fas-treated 661W cells, but only the inhibition of the ERK pathway reduced the levels of Faim2. Blocking the ERK pathway using a pharmacological inhibitor increased the susceptibility of 661W cells to Fas-induced caspase activation and apoptosis. When the levels of Faim2 were reduced in 661W cells by siRNA knockdown, Fas activating antibody treatment resulted in earlier and more robust caspase activation, and increased cell death. These results demonstrate that Faim2 acts as a neuroprotectant during Fas-mediated apoptosis of 661W cells. The expression of Faim2 is triggered, at least in part, by Fas-receptor activation and subsequent ERK signaling. Our findings identify a novel protective pathway that auto-regulates Fas-induced photoreceptor apoptosis in vitro. Modulation of this pathway to increase Faim2 expression may be a potential therapeutic option to prevent photoreceptor death.
AC and DC bipolar voltage source using quantized pulses (1999)

We have developed an accurate bipolar voltage source for AC and DC metrology, based on the quantized pulses of Josephson junctions. The output voltage is a factor of 4-6 higher than the amplitude of previous unipolar waveforms; this is achieved by generating bipolar waveforms where arrays of junctions are driven with both a broadband two-level digital code and a sinusoidal frequency. We experimentally demonstrate two bipolar waveforms: a 5 kHz sine wave with /spl plusmn/18 mV peak amplitude and quantization noise power eight orders of magnitude below the power in the fundamental frequency, and a 3.5 kHz square wave with /spl plusmn/13 mV peak amplitude and even harmonics at -100 dB (carrier).
Poly(hydroxy amino ethers): Novel high-barrier thermoplastics (1995)

A visible trend in the area of food and beverage packaging is the ever increasing substitution of plastics for materials such as glass and metal. This research details the synthesis and properties of a new class of high barrier thermoplastics, namely poly(hydroxy amino ethers) (PHAE) prepared from stoichiometric reactions of primary amines or bis-sec-diamines with aromatic diglycidyl ethers in solution or in the melt. These polymers are true high molecular weight thermoplastics that can be fabricated by a variety of conventional processing techniques. The oxygen transmission rates of these polymers range from moderate (<5 BU) to very low (<0.1 BU), depending on the backbone structure of the PHAE in question. These extraordinary barrier properties are the consequence of a high degree of interchain cohesion due to hydrogen bonding interactions. The effect of polymer structure on oxygen transmission rate, glass transition temperature, and physical properties has been studied in detail.
Ultrahigh-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry Using Extended Separation Times (2010)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and particularly differential IMS or field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS), is emerging as a versatile tool for separation and identification of gas-phase ions, especially in conjunction with mass spectrometry. For over two decades since its inception, the utility of FAIMS was constrained by resolving power (R) of less than ∼20. Stronger electric fields and optimized gas mixtures have recently raised achievable R to ∼200, but further progress with such approaches is impeded by electrical breakdown. However, the resolving power of planar FAIMS devices using any gas and field intensity scales as the square root of separation time (t). Here, we extended t from the previous maximum of 0.2 s up to 4-fold by reducing the carrier gas flow and increased the resolving power by up to 2-fold as predicted, to >300 for multiply charged peptides. The resulting resolution gain has enabled separation of previously "co-eluting" peptide isomers, including folding conformers and localization variants of modified peptides. More broadly, a peak capacity of ∼200 has been reached in tryptic digest separations.
Surface reaction layer formation in vitro on a bioactive glass fiber/polymeric composite (1997)

In order to provide a fixation vehicle between a polymeric composite femoral hip prosthesis and bone tissue, we fabricated bioactive glass fibers. The glass fibers had a tensile strength of 596 MPa, 14 times that of bulk bioactive glass. After immersion in protein-free simulated body fluid for 10 days, we observed the development of a calcium phosphate layer (specifically, partially crystallized, calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite) on the surface of the glass fibers. The stages of the surface reaction layer formation were similar to those of 45S5 bioactive glass although the kinetics of the reaction layer formation were slower. We combined the bioactive glass fibers with a polymeric matrix to form a fiber-reinforced composite material and observed the formation of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface of the glass fibers within the composite material after immersion in both protein-free and protein-containing simulated body fluids. The rate of reaction layer formation was reduced in the presence of proteins. In both protein-free and protein-containing solutions, a “halo” of bioactivity reactions was observed on the surface of the polymer in regions surrounding the glass fibers. Our results suggest these glass fibers and glass fiber composites will exhibit bioactivity reactions in vivo. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 440–448, 1997.
Abstract 3076: Characterization of an improved derivative of the Rac/PAK inhibitor EHop-016 in breast cancer (2016)

Abstract The expression and activities of the Rho GTPases Rac and Cdc42, and their downstream effector P21-activated kinase (PAK), have been correlated with metastatic cancer. Our published studies with the Rac/PAK inhibitor EHop-016 demonstrate the validity of using Rac inhibitors as anti metastatic cancer therapeutics. However, the relatively high effective concentrations (Rac activity IC50 1μM, tumor inhibition at 25 mg/kg body weight (BW)), and the moderate bioavailability (∼30%, t1/2 4.5h) of EHop-016 need improvement. Therefore, we developed EHop-016 derivatives and identified EHop-167 as a Rac inhibitor at nM concentrations. Unlike EHop-016, which does not substantially change breast cancer cell shape, but only reduces cell surface actin based invadopodia, EHop-167 induced a marked decrease in breast cancer cell polarity, cell surface extensions, and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) attachments (focal adhesions). This phenotype of cell rounding and detachment in response to EHop-167 was demonstrated only by breast cancer cell lines that have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition, but not by epithelial breast cancer cells, or MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. As assessed by pulldown assays and western blotting, Rac and PAK activities were reduced by 80-90% in response to 250 nM EHop-167, in the detached cells. As demonstrated by caspase assays, the cell rounding and detachment from the ECM ultimately resulted in anoikis (cell death due to loss of focal adhesions). Accordingly, Transwell assays of mesenchymal breast cancer cells following 250 nM Ehop-167 showed a ∼90% reduction in cell migration in the detached breast cancer cells, and a ∼60% inhibition in the attached cells. EHop-167 also reduced the mammosphere formation efficiency of metastatic cancer cells by 50%, indicating an inhibitory effect on cancer stem cells. To determine the in vivo efficacy of EHop-167, athymic nude mice, bearing mammary fatpad tumors of MDA-MB-435 metastatic cancer cells, were treated 3X a week with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg BW EHop-167 for 50 days. Treatment with 1.0 mg/kg BW EHop-167 resulted in a 50% reduction in tumor growth, while 10.0 mg/kg BW EHop-167 induced an ∼95% reduction in tumor growth, compared to controls. Additionally, these mice did not show gross signs of toxicity or significant weight loss. Since the parental compound EHop-016 has no anticancer effects at similar concentrations, we conclude that EHop-167 is an improved Rac/PAK inhibitor that holds promise as an anti metastatic breast cancer therapeutic. Citation Format: Linette Castillo-Pichardo, Tessa Humphries-Bickley, Ingrid Forrestier-Roman, Luis Borrero-Garcia, Fabiola Pagan Melendez, Eliud Hernandez, Cornelis Vlaar, Luis A. Cubano, Surangani Dharmawardhane. Characterization of an improved derivative of the Rac/PAK inhibitor EHop-016 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3076.
Nanoparticle Probes and Mid-Infrared Chemical Imaging for DNA Microarray Detection (2010)

To date most mid-infrared spectroscopic studies have been limited, due to lack of sensitivity, to the structural characterization of a single oligonucleotide probe immobilized over the entire surface of a gold-coated slide or other infrared substrate. By contrast, widely used and commercially available glass slides and a microarray spotter that prints approximately 120-μm-diameter DNA spots were employed in the present work. To our knowledge, mid-infrared chemical imaging (IRCI) in the external reflection mode has been applied in the present study for the first time to the detection of nanostructure-based DNA microarrays spotted on glass slides. Alkyl amine-modified oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on glass slides that had been prefunctionalized with succinimidyl ester groups. This molecular fluorophore-free method entailed the binding of gold-nanoparticle-streptavidin conjugates to biotinylated DNA targets. Hybridization was visualized by the silver enhancement of gold nanoparticles. The adlayer of silver, selectively bound only to hybridized spots in a microarray, formed the external reflective infrared substrate that was necessary for the detection of DNA hybridization by IRCI in the present proof-of-concept study. IRCI made it possible to discriminate between diffuse and specular external reflection modes. The promising qualitative results are presented herein, and the implications for quantitative determination of DNA microarrays are discussed.
Synergistic Neutralization of Pertussis Toxin by a Bispecific Antibody <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2016)

Bispecific antibodies are a rapidly growing class of therapeutic molecules, originally developed for the treatment of cancer but recently explored for the treatment of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Bordetella pertussis is a reemerging pathogen, and several of the key symptoms of infection are caused by the pertussis toxin (PTx). Two humanized antibodies, hu1B7 and hu11E6, bind distinct epitopes on PTx and, when coadministered, mitigate disease severity in murine and baboon models of infection. Here we describe the generation of a bispecific human IgG1 molecule combining the hu1B7 and hu11E6 binding sites via a knobs-in-holes design. The bispecific antibody showed binding activity equivalent to that of the antibody mixture in a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A CHO cell neutralization assay provided preliminary evidence for synergy between the two antibodies, while a murine model of PTx-induced leukocytosis definitively showed synergistic neutralization. Notably, the bispecific antibody retained the synergy observed for the antibody mixture, supporting the conclusion that synergy is due to simultaneous blockade of both the catalytic and receptor binding activities of pertussis toxin. These data suggest that a hu1B7/hu11E6 bispecific antibody is a viable alternative to an antibody mixture for pertussis treatment.
Accurate and robust DOA estimation using uniform circular displaced antenna array (2015)

A major design factor for an accurate and successful DOA estimation in smart antenna systems is the appropriate choice of the antenna array configuration. This paper proposes a new array configuration called Uniform Circular Displaced Antenna Array (UC-DAA), which is especially useful for detecting coherent signals encountered in multipath environments. The proposed configuration is composed of two concentric uniform circular arrays with angular rotational separation. Numerical results show that the proposed UC-DAA configuration outperforms both uniform circular arrays (UCA) and uniform linear displaced antenna array (UL-DAA) configurations, in terms of reduced computational complexity and improved angular resolution of coherent signals without the need of spatial smoothing.
Human TREK2, a 2P Domain Mechano-sensitive K+Channel with Multiple Regulations by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Lysophospholipids, and Gs, Gi, and Gq Protein-coupled Receptors (2000)

Mechano-sensitive and fatty acid-activated K(+) belong to the structural class of K(+) channel with two pore domains. Here, we report the isolation and the characterization of a novel member of this family. This channel, called TREK2, is closely related to TREK1 (78% of homology). Its gene is located on chromosome 14q31. TREK2 is abundantly expressed in pancreas and kidney and to a lower level in brain, testis, colon, and small intestine. In the central nervous system, TREK2 has a widespread distribution with the highest levels of expression in cerebellum, occipital lobe, putamen, and thalamus. In transfected cells, TREK2 produces rapidly activating and non-inactivating outward rectifier K(+) currents. The single-channel conductance is 100 picosiemens at +40 mV in 150 mm K(+). The currents can be strongly stimulated by polyunsaturated fatty acid such as arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and linoleic acids and by lysophosphatidylcholine. The channel is also activated by acidification of the intracellular medium. TREK2 is blocked by application of intracellular cAMP. As with TREK1, TREK2 is activated by the volatile general anesthetics chloroform, halothane, and isoflurane and by the neuroprotective agent riluzole. TREK2 can be positively or negatively regulated by a variety of neurotransmitter receptors. Stimulation of the G(s)-coupled receptor 5HT4sR or the G(q)-coupled receptor mGluR1 inhibits channel activity, whereas activation of the G(i)-coupled receptor mGluR2 increases TREK2 currents. These multiple types of regulations suggest that TREK2 plays an important role as a target of neurotransmitter action.
Synthetic immunotherapy induces HIV virus specific Th1 cytotoxic response and death of an HIV-1 infected human cell line through classic complement activation (2013)

HIV-v induces a vaccine-specific type I immune response characterised by activation of effector CD8+ T cell and antibody responses that recognise and kill human cell lines naturally infected with a laboratory adapted and a primary isolate of the HIV-1 virus. The data supports the hypothesis that alternative HIV protein targets can be effectively used to prime both cellular and antibody immune responses of clinical value in the prevention and treatment of HIV infection.
Improved safety of retinal photocoagulation with a shaped beam and modulated pulse (2010)

Shorter pulse durations help confine thermal damage during retinal photocoagulation, decrease treatment time and minimize pain. However, safe therapeutic window (the ratio of threshold powers for rupture and mild coagulation) decreases with shorter exposures. A ring-shaped beam enables safer photocoagulation than conventional beams by reducing the maximum temperature in the center of the spot. Similarly, a temporal pulse modulation decreasing its power over time improves safety by maintaining constant temperature for a significant portion of the pulse. Optimization of the beam and pulse shapes was performed using a computational model. <i>In vivo</i> experiments were performed to verify the predicted improvement. With each of these approaches, the pulse duration can be decreased by a factor of two, from 20 ms down to 10 ms while maintaining the same therapeutic window.
Endoscopic fluorescence imaging of tissue selective lanthanide chelates (1998)

Endoscopic probes have been incorporated into a fluorescent imaging system for the remote quantitation of tissue selective markers. Resolution at the level of 114 line pairs/mm allows visualization of regions that are approximately 6 mm wide. Tissue selective markers, based on polyazamacrocyclic chelates of terbium increase contrast and can be quantified in tissues at the sub-picomole level. Minimally invasive in vivo fluorescence imaging is demonstrated. The potential for application of the system to disease diagnosis and bone graft morphology quantitation is discussed.
A wideband injection locking scheme and quadrature phase generation in 65nm CMOS (2013)

A novel technique for wideband injection locking in an LC oscillator is proposed. PLL and injection locking elements are combined symbiotically to achieve wide locking range while retaining the simplicity of the latter. This method doesn't require a phase frequency detector or a loop filter to achieve phase lock. 13.4GHz - 17.2GHz locking range and an average jitter tracking bandwidth of up to 400 MHz was measured in a high-Q LC oscillator. This architecture is used to generate quadrature phases form a single clock without any frequency division, and to provide high frequency jitter filtering while retaining the low frequency correlated jitter essential for clock forwarded receivers.
Automatic boundary extraction of ultrasonic breast lesions (2003)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in women. Automatically detecting tumors and extracting lesion boundaries in sonograms is difficult due to the specular and noisy nature of these images. Algorithms that claim to automatically classify ultrasonic breast lesions, rely on manual delineation of the tumor boundaries. This is however a slow and cumbersome task. In this work, we combine texture, intensity, gradient and a deformable model along with empirically determined domain specific knowledge to automatically find lesion margins in ultrasound images with no human intervention. The system has successfully extracted tumor boundaries in over 30 breast sonograms.
Design and verification of adaptive cache coherence protocols (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.