gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Test Location Selection For Cellular Network Upgrades (2016)

Cellular networks are constantly evolving due to frequent changes in radio access and end user equipment technologies, applications, and traffic. Network upgrades should be performed with extreme caution since millions of users heavily depend on the cellular networks. Before upgrading the entire network, it is important to conduct field evaluation of upgrades.The choice and number of field test locations have significant impact on the time-to-market and confidence in how well various network upgrades will work out in the rest of the network. We propose a novel approach -- Reflection to automatically determine where to conduct the upgrade field tests to accurately identify important features that affect the upgrade and predict for the performance of untested locations. We demonstrate its effectiveness using real traces collected from a major US cellular network as well as synthetic traces.
Flexfuel vehicle alcohol-gasoline blend ratios determination by optical fiber sensoring (2008)

The high efficiency combustion of flexfuel engine depends on the precise determination of the alcohol-gasoline ratios. Presently, commercial technique available uses the Lambda probe, a post-combustion sensor to analyze the exhaust gases (after combustion). This ratio can be measured in real-time using an optical fiber sensor. In the present research, different ratios of alcohol-gasoline blends were measured at temperatures in the range 0 to 50°C, by a Fresnel reflectometer. The sensoring principle is based on the phenomenon of light reflectivity in the interface fiber-fuel. The reflected intensity is proportional to the refractive index difference between the fiber sensor and the fuel, while the refractive index of the mixture is a function of the volumetric ratio of the substances. The real time determination of the mixture ratio of alcohol-gasoline concentrations by the reflected intensity can be used to optimize the combustion efficiency of the flexfuel engine. It can be expected that this technology can reduce both, the pollutant emissions and the fuel consumption.
CD4-Independent Use of Rhesus CCR5 by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Implicates an Electrostatic Interaction between the CCR5 N Terminus and the gp120 C4 Domain (2001)

Envelope glycoproteins (Envs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) are frequently able to use chemokine receptors, CXCR4 or CCR5, in the absence of CD4. However, while these Envs are commonly dual-tropic, no isolate has been described to date that is CD4 independent on both CXCR4 and CCR5. In this report we show that a variant of HIV-2/NIHz, termed HIV-2/vcp, previously shown to utilize CXCR4 without CD4, is also CD4 independent on rhesus (rh) CCR5, but requires CD4 to fuse with human (hu) CCR5. The critical determinant for this effect was an acidic amino acid at position 13 in the CCR5 N terminus, which is an asparagine in huCCR5 and an aspartic acid in rhCCR5. Transferring the huCCR5 N terminus with an N13D substitution to CCR2b or CXCR2 was sufficient to render these heterologous chemokine receptors permissive for CD4-independent fusion. Chimeric Envs between HIV-2/vcp and a CD4-dependent clone of HIV-2/NIHz as well as site-directed Env mutations implicated a positively charged amino acid (lysine or arginine) at position 427 in the C4 region of the HIV-2/vcp env gene product (VCP) gp120 as a key determinant for this phenotype. Because CD4-independent use of CCR5 mapped to a negatively charged amino acid in the CCR5 N terminus and a positively charged amino acid in the gp120 C4 domain, an electrostatic interaction between these residues or domains is likely. Although not required for CD4-dependent fusion, this interaction may serve to increase the binding affinity of Env and CCR5 and/or to facilitate subsequent conformational changes that are required for fusion. Because the structural requirements for chemokine receptor use by HIV are likely to be more stringent in the absence of CD4, CD4-independent viruses should be particularly useful in dissecting molecular events that are critical for viral entry.
Serial Urinary C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 and Risk of Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury (2023)

In one-third of patients with moderate to severe AKI uCCL14 risk category altered over three serial measurements and such changes were associated with altered risk for persistent severe AKI. Serial CCL-14 measurement may detect progression or resolution of underlying kidney pathology and help refine AKI prognosis.
UPDATE ON FLAPPING WING MICRO AIR VEHICLE RESEARCH Ongoing work to Develop a Flapping Wing, Crawling "Entomopter" (1998)

An electromechanical multimode (flying/crawling) insect is being developed by Robert Michelson and his design team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. The project has received initial IRAD funding from the Georgia Institute of Technology. The mechanical insect, known as an is based around a new development called a Reciprocating Chemical Muscle (RCM) which is capable of generating autonomic wing beating from a chemical energy source. Through direct conversion, the RCM also provides small amounts of electricity for onboard systems and fur- ther provides differential lift enhancement on the wings to achieve roll and hence, steered flight. A testbed for the RCM technique has been constructed and demonstrated. Trimmed stable short range flight in a micro version of the entomopter is expected during 1998. In contrast to the testbed, entirely different mechanisms will be used to implement the RCM in the flying version. This paper details progress to date on the Entomopter development.
Compressible halftoning (2003)

We present a technique for converting continuous gray-scale images to halftone (black and white) images that lend themselves to lossless data compression with compression factor of three or better. Our method involves using novel halftone mask structures which consist of non-repeated threshold values. We have versions of both dispersed-dot and clustered-dot masks, which produce acceptable images for a variety of printers. Using the masks as a sort key allows us to reversibly rearrange the image pixels and partition them into groups with a highly skewed distribution allowing Huffman compression coding techniques to be applied. This gives compression ratios in the range 3:1 to 10:1.
Computational Design and Experimental Discovery of an Antiestrogenic Peptide Derived from α-Fetoprotein (2007)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and tamoxifen is the preferred drug for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treatment. Many of these cancers are intrinsically resistant to tamoxifen or acquire resistance during treatment. Consequently, there is an ongoing need for breast cancer drugs that have different molecular targets. Previous work has shown that 8-mer and cyclic 9-mer peptides inhibit breast cancer in mouse and rat models, interacting with an unsolved receptor, while peptides smaller than eight amino acids did not. We show that the use of replica exchange molecular dynamics predicts the structure and dynamics of active peptides, leading to the discovery of smaller peptides with full biological activity. Simulations identified smaller peptide analogues with the same conserved reverse turn demonstrated in the larger peptides. These analogues were synthesized and shown to inhibit estrogen-dependent cell growth in a mouse uterine growth assay, a test showing reliable correlation with human breast cancer inhibition.
Towards a 2D printer: a deterministic cross contamination-free transfer method for atomically layered materials (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Precision and chip contamination-free placement of two-dimensional (2D) materials is expected to accelerate both the study of fundamental properties and novel device functionality. Current transfer methods of 2D materials onto an arbitrary substrate deploy wet chemistry and viscoelastic stamping. However, these methods produce a) significant cross contamination of the substrate due to the lack of spatial selectivity b) may not be compatible with chemically sensitive device structures, and c) are challenged with respect to spatial alignment. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of transferring 2D materials resembling the functionality known from printing; utilizing a combination of a sharp micro-stamper and viscoelastic polymer, we show precise placement of individual 2D materials resulting in vanishing cross contamination to the substrate. Our 2D printer-method results in an aerial cross contamination improvement of two to three orders of magnitude relative to state-of-the-art dry and direct transfer methods. Moreover, we find that the 2D material quality is preserved in this transfer method. Testing this 2D material printer on taped-out integrated Silicon photonic chips, we find that the micro-stamper stamping transfer does not physically harm the underneath Silicon nanophotonic structures such as waveguides or micro-ring resonators receiving the 2D material. Such accurate and substrate-benign transfer method for 2D materials could be industrialized for rapid device prototyping due to its high time-reduction, accuracy, and contamination-free process.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescent Properties of CaS:Eu Phosphor (2006)

Europium‐doped calcium sulfide phosphor was synthesized by a co‐precipitation method using calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate as the sources for calcium and sulfide, respectively. Reduction of the precipitated CaSO 4 into CaS was carried out at 550°, 750°, 950°, and 1150°C at a flow rate of H 2 5 mL/min and N 2 95 mL/min. The formation of crystalline CaS phase was evident by the X‐ray diffraction analysis of the fired products. The phosphor yielded red emission of wavelength 634 nm for the excitation wavelength of 465 nm. The emission intensity of the phosphors increased with increasing firing temperature from 550° to 950°C, but firing at 1150°C showed a dramatic decline in emission due to thermal quenching. The study of the effect of Eu loading level showed a decrease in emission with an increase in loading, and the optimum loading for maximum emission was found to be 0.5 mol%. And it can be possible to generate white light of light emitting devices by mixing with SrGa 2 S 4 :Eu green phosphor and this phosphor on the 460 nm InGaN blue chip.
Using the Power of Two Choices to Improve Bloom Filters (2007)

We consider the combination of two ideas from the hashing literature: the power of two choices and Bloom filters. Specifically, we show via simulations that, in comparison with a standard Bloom filter, using the power of two choices can yield modest reductions in the false positive probability using the same amount of space and more hashing. While the improvements are sufficiently small that they may not be useful in most practical situations, the combination of ideas is instructive; in particular, it suggests that there may be ways to obtain improved results for Bloom filters while using the same basic approach they employ, as opposed to designing new, more complex data structures for the problem.
Techniques for the Estimation of Cell Concentration in the Presence of Suspended Solids (1992)

Measuring cell concentration is of fundamental importance in many biochemical processes. However, this measurement is very difficult to make when solid particles are present along with the cells. This review examines strategies that have been used to estimate cell concentration in the presence of solid particles.
Fusion-based quantum computation (2021)

We introduce fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC) - a model of universal quantum computation in which entangling measurements, called fusions, are performed on the qubits of small constant-sized entangled resource states. We introduce a stabilizer formalism for analyzing fault tolerance and computation in these schemes. This framework naturally captures the error structure that arises in certain physical systems for quantum computing, such as photonics. FBQC can offer significant architectural simplifications, enabling hardware made up of many identical modules, requiring an extremely low depth of operations on each physical qubit and reducing classical processing requirements. We present two pedagogical examples of fault-tolerant schemes constructed in this framework and numerically evaluate their threshold under a hardware agnostic fusion error model including both erasure and Pauli error. We also study an error model of linear optical quantum computing with probabilistic fusion and photon loss. In FBQC the non-determinism of fusion is directly dealt with by the quantum error correction protocol, along with other errors. We find that tailoring the fault-tolerance framework to the physical system allows the scheme to have a higher threshold than schemes reported in literature. We present a ballistic scheme which can tolerate a 10.4% probability of suffering photon loss in each fusion.
Cell imaging beyond the diffraction limit using sparse deconvolution spatial light interference microscopy (2011)

We present an imaging method, dSLIM, that combines a novel deconvolution algorithm with spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), to achieve 2.3x resolution enhancement with respect to the diffraction limit. By exploiting the sparsity of the phase images, which is prominent in many biological imaging applications, and modeling of the image formation via complex fields, the very fine structures can be recovered which were blurred by the optics. With experiments on SLIM images, we demonstrate that significant improvements in spatial resolution can be obtained by the proposed approach. Moreover, the resolution improvement leads to higher accuracy in monitoring dynamic activity over time. Experiments with primary brain cells, i.e. neurons and glial cells, reveal new subdiffraction structures and motions. This new information can be used for studying vesicle transport in neurons, which may shed light on dynamic cell functioning. Finally, the method is flexible to incorporate a wide range of image models for different applications and can be utilized for all imaging modalities acquiring complex field images.
Resolution enhancement of a surface immersion microscope near the plasmon resonance (2005)

Resolution of a surface immersion microscope has been studied as a function of surface-plasmon-polariton frequency. Enhancement of resolution near the surface-plasmon resonance has been observed. This effect may potentially be used in direct imaging of biological samples in liquid ambient.
Carboxyethylpyrrole Protein Adducts and Autoantibodies, Biomarkers for Age-related Macular Degeneration (2003)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a slow, progressive disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Free radical-induced oxidation of docosahexaenoate (DHA)-containing lipids generates omega-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) protein adducts that are more abundant in ocular tissues from AMD than normal human donors. To understand better the role of oxidative damage in AMD, we have synthesized CEP-modified proteins, produced anti-CEP antibodies, and initiated analysis of CEP immunoreactivity and autoantibodies in human plasma. A highly selective rabbit polyclonal anti-CEP antibody was raised that binds CEP 1000 times more strongly than carboxypropylpyrrole, a close structural analogue. The CEP adduct uniquely indicates oxidative modification from DHA derivatives because CEP protein modifications cannot arise from any other common polyunsaturated fatty acid. Immunocytochemistry localized CEP to photoreceptor rod outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium in mouse retina and demonstrated more intense CEP immunoreactivity in photoreceptors from a human AMD donor compared with healthy human retina. The mean level of anti-CEP immunoreactivity in AMD human plasma (n = 19 donors) was 1.5-fold higher (p = 0.004) than in age-matched controls (n = 19 donors). Sera from AMD patients demonstrated mean titers of anti-CEP autoantibody 2.3-fold higher than controls (p = 0.02). Of individuals (n = 13) exhibiting both antigen and autoantibody levels above the mean for non-AMD controls, 92% had AMD. These results suggest that together CEP immunoreactivity and autoantibody titer may have diagnostic utility in predicting AMD susceptibility.
Laboratory Testing of Self-Healing Microcapsules in Asphalt Mixtures Prepared with Recycled Asphalt Shingles (2017)

Self-healing products such as microcapsules filled with an asphalt rejuvenator present an emerging technology that would allow asphalt mixtures to resist cracking damage caused by vehicular and environmental loading. The objective of this study was to characterize laboratory-prepared microcapsules in order to evaluate thermal stability as well as the self-healing effectiveness of the microcapsules in asphalt mixtures. A three-point bending test was used to evaluate the healing efficiency and stiffness recovery in asphalt mixtures under two healing conditions: room temperature and high temperature. An optical microscope was used to quantify the healing progress of cracked specimens as a function of time. Based on microscopic characterization, it was observed that the produced microcapsules had adequate thermal stability because the microcapsules showed no sign of breakage when exposed to high temperature. An analysis of microscopic images revealed a reduction in the size of the cracks for both healing conditions for a period from 0 to 6 days. A lower healing efficiency was observed for the mixture with microcapsules compared with the control because not all microcapsules have broken during the test and are designed to break over time and not all at once. Results also showed that there was a recovery in the stiffness of the mixtures because the healed stiffness was greater than the damaged stiffness but less than the undamaged stiffness. A greater stiffness recovery was observed at high temperature, which could be explained by binder aging during the 5-day conditioning period.
Virtual machine monitor-based lightweight intrusion detection (2011)

As virtualization technology gains in popularity, so do attempts to compromise the security and integrity of virtualized computing resources. Anti-virus software and firewall programs are typically deployed in the guest virtual machine to detect malicious software. These security measures are effective in detecting known malware, but do little to protect against new variants of intrusions. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) can be used to detect malicious behavior. Most intrusion detection systems for virtual execution environments track behavior at the application or operating system level, using virtualization as a means to isolate themselves from a compromised virtual machine. In this paper, we present a novel approach to intrusion detection of virtual server environments which utilizes only information available from the perspective of the virtual machine monitor (VMM). Such an IDS can harness the ability of the VMM to isolate and manage several virtual machines (VMs), making it possible to provide monitoring of intrusions at a common level across VMs. It also offers unique advantages over recent advances in intrusion detection for virtual machine environments. By working purely at the VMM-level, the IDS does not depend on structures or abstractions visible to the OS (e.g., file systems), which are susceptible to attacks and can be modified by malware to contain corrupted information (e.g., the Windows registry). In addition, being situated within the VMM provides ease of deployment as the IDS is not tied to a specific OS and can be deployed transparently below different operating systems. Due to the semantic gap between the information available to the VMM and the actual application behavior, we employ the power of data mining techniques to extract useful nuggets of knowledge from the raw, low-level architectural data. We show in this paper that by working entirely at the VMM-level, we are able to capture enough information to characterize normal executions and identify the presence of abnormal malicious behavior. Our experiments on over 300 real-world malware and exploits illustrate that there is sufficient information embedded within the VMM-level data to allow accurate detection of malicious attacks, with an acceptable false alarm rate.
Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereal Grain Production with Optical Sensing and Variable Rate Application (2002)

In 2001, N fertilizer prices nearly doubled as a result of increased natural gas prices. This was further troubling when considering that the world N use efficiency (NUE) in cereal grain production averages only 33%. Methods to improve NUE in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have not included high spatial-resolution management based on sensed plant growth properties nor on midseason prediction of grain yield. Our objective was to determine the validity of using in-season estimates of grain yield (INSEY) and a response index (RI) to modulate N at 1-m2 spatial resolution. Four winter wheat field experiments were conducted that evaluated prescribed midseason N applications compared with uniform rates that simulated farmer practices. Our methods recognize that each 1-m2 area in wheat fields needs to be sensed and managed independently and that the need for fertilizer N is temporally dependent. Averaged over locations, NUE was improved by >15% when N fertilization was based on optically sensed INSEY, determined for each 1-m2 area, and a RI compared with traditional practices at uniform N rates.
An different optical path scheme to improve parameters extraction in terahertz frequency (2018)

In this paper, a more accurate material parameters extracting method, the different optical path method (DOP), was theoretically derived and experimentally demonstrated. A HDPE sample was measured to compare the DOP method with regular terahertz spectroscopy. The results show that DOP can reveal some of absorption line which can't be revealed by the normal terahertz spectroscopy, and can carry out a more precious measurement of material parameters.
Distress Reduction in Female Sexual Dysfunctions (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Bremelanotide is a novel heptapeptide melanocortin receptor-4 agonist. This study examined its subcutaneous self-administration on an at-home, as-needed basis by premenopausal patients with female sexual dysfunctions. Efficacy measures included the 15-item, Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Orgasm questionnaire. METHODS: Premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, or both received an in-clinic placebo dose followed by 1-week monitoring and then 4 weeks of at-home placebo self-dosing (baseline period). Participants then were randomized to placebo or bremelanotide at 0.75, 1.25, or 1.75 mg, self-administered twice in-clinic and then for 12 weeks at home. Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Organism score changes from baseline to end of study were analyzed by the Van Elteren test. RESULTS: Among 327 at-home study-drug users, mean (standard deviation) baseline Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Orgasm total score was 30.5–33.3, depending on treatment group. On Female Sexual Distress Scale—Desire/Arousal/Orgasm item 13 (“feeling bothered by low sexual desire”), mean baseline scores were 2.4–2.7. Mean (standard deviation) changes in total score were −6.8 (13.57) for placebo compared with −7.4 (13.47) for 0.75 mg, –9.2 (10.79) for 1.25 mg, –13.1 (12.93) for 1.75 mg, and −11.1 (12.02) for 1.25 and 1.75 mg pooled. Bremelanotide benefit was statistically significant (P<.05) at 1.75 mg and for 1.25 and 1.75 mg pooled. On item 13, mean changes were −0.6 (1.25) compared with 0.5 (1.07), –0.7 (1.03), –1.1 (1.16), and −0.9 (1.11) with statistical significance for 1.75 mg individually and 1.75 and 1.25 mg pooled. CONCLUSIONS: In premenopausal women with female sexual dysfunctions, subcutaneous bremelanotide reduced sexually related distress, including distress regarding feeling bothered by low sexual desire, with statistical significance at 1.75 mg.