gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAP–Based Framework for Segmentation of MR Brain Images Based on Visual Appearance and Prior Shape (2013)

We propose a new MAP-based technique for the unsupervised segmentation of different brain structures (white matter, gray matter, etc.) from T1-weighted MR brain images. In this paper, we follow a procedure like most conventional approaches, in which T1-weighted MR brain images and desired maps of regions (white matter, gray matter, etc.) are modeled by a joint Markov-Gibbs Random Field model (MGRF) of independent image signals and interdependent region labels. However, we specifically focus on the most accurate model identification that can be achieved. The proposed joint MGRF model accounts for the following three descriptors: i) a 1st-order visual appearance descriptor(empirical distribution of signal intensity), ii) a 3D probabilistic shape prior, and iii) a 3D spatially invariant 2nd-order homogeneity descriptor. To better specify the 1st-order visual appearance descriptor, each empirical distribution of signals is precisely approximated by a Linear Combination of Discrete Gaussians (LCDG) having both positive and negative components. The 3D probabilistic shape prior is learned using a subset of 3D co-aligned training T1-weighted MR brain images. The 2nd-order homogeneity descriptor is modeled by a 2nd-order translation and rotation invariant MGRF of 3D T1-weighted MR brain region labels with analytically estimated potentials. The initial segmentation, based on a 1st-order visual appearance and 3D probabilistic shape, is then iteratively refined using a 3D MGRF model with analytically estimated potentials. Experiments on twelve 3D T1-weighted MR brain images confirm the high accuracy of the proposed approach.
Compressed Text Indexes:From Theory to Practice! (2007)

A compressed full-text self-index represents a text in a compressed form and still answers queries efficiently. This technology represents a breakthrough over the text indexing techniques of the previous decade, whose indexes required several times the size of the text. Although it is relatively new, this technology has matured up to a point where theoretical research is giving way to practical developments. Nonetheless this requires significant programming skills, a deep engineering effort, and a strong algorithmic background to dig into the research results. To date only isolated implementations and focused comparisons of compressed indexes have been reported, and they missed a common API, which prevented their re-use or deployment within other applications. The goal of this paper is to fill this gap. First, we present the existing implementations of compressed indexes from a practitioner's point of view. Second, we introduce the Pizza&Chili site, which offers tuned implementations and a standardized API for the most successful compressed full-text self-indexes, together with effective testbeds and scripts for their automatic validation and test. Third, we show the results of our extensive experiments on these codes with the aim of demonstrating the practical relevance of this novel and exciting technology.
Development of a constitutively active mutant form of the prolactin receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor family. (1996)

The extracellular domain of the PRL receptor (PRL-R) is composed of two subdomains of approximately 100 amino acids, S1 and S2. To explore the functional significance of these subdomains in PRL binding and signal transduction, deletion mutants of S1 or/and S2 subdomains were constructed. We report here the inability of each of these mutant receptor forms to bind PRL after expression in COS-7 cells. We also studied the abilities of these different mutant receptors to respond to hormonal stimulation after transfection of each mutant complementary DNA into CHO-K1 cells along with a chimeric gene containing the promoter of a milk protein gene (beta-lactoglobulin) fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequence. Somewhat unexpectedly, a constitutively (PRL-independent) mutant form of the PRL-R was obtained after deletion of the S2 subdomain. Moreover, we analyzed, in CHO-K1 cells, the biological activity of chimeric receptors constructs in which each subdomain sequence was replaced by an unrelated, but coding, sequence of foreign protein, and we confirmed a specific requirement for the S1 sequence in the constitutive activity. In contrast, the S2 subdomain produced an inhibitory effect on S1 constitutive activity. Cotransfection experiments with the wild-type receptor and the constitutive mutant receptor provided evidence that the wild-type receptor was able to inhibit the constitutive activity of the deleted mutant. Furthermore, in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11, the constitutive PRL-R form was able to induce transcription of the beta-casein gene in the absence of PRL. These results suggest a complex signal transduction process that implicates each extracellular PRL-R subdomain. Possible mechanisms for the constitutive effect are discussed.
Survivable Virtual Infrastructure Mapping in a Federated Computing and Networking System under Single Regional Failures (2010)

As virtualization becomes more and more popular, how to guarantee survivability of a virtual infrastructure (VI) over a wide-area optical network is increasingly important. In this paper, we approach the problem of survivable VI mapping (SVIM) from a few unique perspectives. One of the most distinguishing perspectives is that a large-scale regional failure could destroy one or more facility nodes to which some VI nodes are mapped. Accordingly, redundant facility nodes at different geographical locations and redundant optical connections have to be provisioned such that the VI can still be mapped after the failure. Another distinguishing perspective is that with failure-dependent protection, the SVIM problem can be decomposed into several instances of the basic non-survivable VI mapping (NSVIM) problem, whose solution permits effective sharing of the redundant resources among all failures. In this paper, we first formulate the minimum-cost SVIM problem using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). We then propose an efficient heuristic solution to NSVIM, based on which two novel heuristic SVIM algorithms called Separate Optimization with Unconstrained Mapping (SOUM) and Incremental Optimization with Constrained Mapping (IOCM). Simulations are performed to study and compare the performance of the MILP and heuristics.
Video kids (2012)

Consumer-based synchronous video communication is on the rise and is viewed as a valuable medium to support long distance relationships. We were interested in the potential of asynchronous video to augment children's close friendships and what types of activities they would engage in using video. We explored both of these concepts through a 9-week field study with a group of six 9-10 year old girls. We see children as potential media trendsetters when it comes to video communication given their comfort with video and desire for rich social interactions. The results from this study were striking. Despite having frequent face-to-face interactions, the girls used our asynchronous video communication tool extensively to augment their existing relationships. Not only were they able to have rich conversations using asynchronous video, they also demonstrated a strong desire to share more than just a "talking head". The results from this work point to the need for video mediated communication to move beyond conversations, to the sharing of rich experiences.
A novel Uniform-Channel-Program Erase (UCPE) flash EEPROM using an isolated P-well structure (2002)

This paper describes a novel Uniform-Channel-Program-Erase (UCPE) flash EEPROM technology using an isolated P-well structure for high performance and low power applications. The UCPE bit cell utilizes Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling in the channel region for both program and erase operations. By implementing a 0.55 /spl mu/m trench isolation and a triple well process, an experimental UCPE bit cell has been demonstrated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m technology.
Hemolink™, an <i>o</i>‐raffinose cross‐linked haemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier, does not affect activation and function of human platelets in whole blood <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are anticipated to be safe and efficient alternatives to RBC transfusions. Haemoglobin (Hb) raffimer (Hemolink; Hemosol, Toronto, ON, Canada) is polymerized human Hb, cross-linked with o-raffinose. As administration of cell-free Hb may affect blood cells and tissues, this study was focused on evaluating effects of Hb raffimer on human platelets in whole blood in vitro. Citrated blood from healthy donors was incubated with Hb raffimer to achieve raffimer concentrations of 2-50 vol percentage (2-50 g/l). Platelet activation, phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle generation were measured by flow cytometry. Aperture closure time on collagen/ADP- and collagen/epinephrine-coated membranes was determined by a platelet function analyser (PFA-100). We found that addition of Hb raffimer to blood samples up to 50 vol % did not affect human platelets as measured by various markers of platelet activation (CD42b, CD41, PAC-1, CD62, CD63), procoagulant activity (annexin V) and microparticle formation; differences between Hb raffimer- and lactated Ringer's-diluted blood were not significant. Similarly, no adverse effect of Hb raffimer on closure time was observed at concentrations up to 50 vol %, in comparison with Ringer's solution. These data indicate that exposure of human blood to high concentrations of Hb raffimer in vitro did not cause platelet activation nor affect platelet function.
Inhibition of adhesion of enteroinvasive pathogens to human intestinal Caco-2 cells by<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>strain LB decreases bacterial invasion (1993)

Salmonella typhimurium and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) were found to adhere to the brush border of differentiated human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells in culture, whereas Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes adhered to the periphery of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. All these enterovirulent strains invaded the Caco-2 cells. Using a heat-killed human Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain LB) which strongly adheres both to undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells, we have studied inhibition of cell association with and invasion within Caco-2 cells by enterovirulent bacteria. Living and heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB inhibited both cell association and invasion of Caco-2 cells by enterovirulent bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism of inhibition of both adhesion and invasion appears to be due to steric hindrance of human enterocytic pathogen receptors by whole-cell lactobacilli rather than to a specific blockade of receptors.
Dynamic Ridesharing Strategy for Shared Autonomous Vehicles Based on Maximum Similarity of Trajectories (2020)

As a convergence of “self-driving” and “sharing”, shared autonomous vehicles can offer real-time ridesharing service to the common people, and have potential to transform current traffic patterns. This paper focuses on a new dynamic ridesharing strategy for shared self-driving cars, including system technical framework, workflow to operate for service provider and matching model between customers and cars, according to the similarity of their predicted trajectories, service provider would use fewer vehicles to meet all the requests by matching ride demands and cars, if they have similar trajectories. A computational experiment results showed that, this strategy can increase vehicle occupancy and alleviate congestion.
Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol (2005)

This document describes the Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support protocol that enables Mobile Networks to attach to different points in the Internet.The protocol is an extension of Mobile IPv6 and allows session continuity for every node in the Mobile Network as the network moves.It also allows every node in the Mobile Network to be reachable while moving around.The Mobile Router, which connects the network to the Internet, runs the NEMO Basic Support protocol with its Home Agent.The protocol is designed so that network mobility is transparent to the nodes inside the Mobile Network.Devarapalli, et al.
An Architecture for Mobile Payments and Couponing in the Retail Industry (2004)

The growing prevalence of electronic commerce and the widespread use of mobile devices has made mobile payments an interesting alternative method of payment for customers and merchants. One major issue to be resolved is the integration of a real-time wireless means of payment within their current payment system. In this paper, we propose a new architecture of mobile payment system to improve business processes and increase customer loyalty. An all-in-one device that enables mobile payments and also integrates a membership scheme would simplify and significantly accelerate the payment process at the point of sale (POS). Moreover, the deployment of an effective customer relationship management (CRM) system and an adapted data mining tool would allow retailers to propose a dynamic-generated website to their customers. This would follow a one-to-one e-marketing strategy and would improve companies&apos; ability to suggest customized offers and coupons.
TeenyLIME (2006)

Recent developments in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are pushing scenarios where application intelligence is no longer relegated to the fringes of the system (i.e., on a data sink running on a powerful node) rather it is distributed within the WSN itself.To support this scenario, we propose TeenyLIME, a tuple space model and middleware supporting applications where sensing and acting devices themselves drive the network behavior. In other words, the application core is not confined to the powerful sinks, rather it is deployed on the devices embedded within the physical world. Tuple space operations are used both for data collection as well as to effect coordination among sensing and acting devices. This paper describes the TeenyLIME model and corresponding middleware implementation.
A General Theory of Computational Scalability Based on Rational Functions (2008)

The universal scalability law of computational capacity is a rational function C_p = P(p)/Q(p) with P(p) a linear polynomial and Q(p) a second-degree polynomial in the number of physical processors p, that has been long used for statistical modeling and prediction of computer system performance. We prove that C_p is equivalent to the synchronous throughput bound for a machine-repairman with state-dependent service rate. Simpler rational functions, such as Amdahl's law and Gustafson speedup, are corollaries of this queue-theoretic bound. C_p is further shown to be both necessary and sufficient for modeling all practical characteristics of computational scalability.
A Mouse Macrophage Factor Induces Head Structures and Organizes a Body Axis in <i>Xenopus</i> (1990)

Soluble peptide factors have been implicated as the agents responsible for embryonic inductions in vertebrates. Here, a protein (PIF) secreted by a mouse macrophage cell line is shown to change the developmental fate of Xenopus embryonic cells. Exposure to PIF causes presumptive ectodermal explants to form anterior neural and mesodermal tissues, including brain and eye, instead of ciliated epidermis. In addition, the induced tissues are organized into a rudimentary embryonic axis. These results suggest that PIF or a closely related molecule is involved in inducing anterior structures and organizing the frog body plan.
Fast Super-Resolution Using Weighted Median Filtering (2010)

A non-iterative method of image super-resolution based on weighted median filtering with Gaussian weights is proposed. Visual tests and basic edges metrics were used to examine the method. It was shown that the weighted median filtering reduces the errors caused by inaccurate motion vectors.
Retarder Stack Filters (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principle and Background of RSFs RSFs in LC Projection Systems Design of RSFs Properties of Retarder Stacks
Application of data fusion techniques and technologies for wearable health monitoring (2017)

Technological advances in sensors and communications have enabled discrete integration into everyday objects, both in the home and about the person. Information gathered by monitoring physiological, behavioural, and social aspects of our lives, can be used to achieve a positive impact on quality of life, health, and well-being. Wearable sensors are at the cusp of becoming truly pervasive, and could be woven into the clothes and accessories that we wear such that they become ubiquitous and transparent. To interpret the complex multidimensional information provided by these sensors, data fusion techniques are employed to provide a meaningful representation of the sensor outputs. This paper is intended to provide a short overview of data fusion techniques and algorithms that can be used to interpret wearable sensor data in the context of health monitoring applications. The application of these techniques are then described in the context of healthcare including activity and ambulatory monitoring, gait analysis, fall detection, and biometric monitoring. A snap-shot of current commercially available sensors is also provided, focusing on their sensing capability, and a commentary on the gaps that need to be bridged to bring research to market.
한국의 청소년복지정책과 관련법에 관한 연구 (2004)

본 연구는 한국의 청소년복지정책의 이념과 개념 및 특징 그리고 청소년복지 관련법을 살펴보았다. 청소년복지관련법은 그 의의와 체계 분석하고, 청소년의 기본권 보호에 관한 헌법과 청소년헌장을 통해 청소년관련 법제의 기본 방향을 파악하였다. 그리고 청소년 관련 법률로서 대표적인 청소년기본법과 청소년보호법, 청소년성보호법, 청소년복지지원법의 특성과 법의 문제점 등을 검토하였다.우리나라 청소년정책은 1980년대 중반에 시작하여 1990년대 와서 청소년육성 계획들이 이루어졌으며, 현재는 청소년 보호와 육성 등 고유 업무 중심 체제로 인하여 청소년과 교육, 고용, 복지, 보건 등의 과제를 포괄하지 못함으로써 청소년정책으로서의 포괄적·통합적인 정책이 결여되어있다. 따라서 청소년복지정책과 법의 과제를 제시하면 서로 분리되어 있는 부서를 통합하여야하며, 새로운 패러다임의 정립과 지역복지, 통합적 종합 복지, 전문적 서비스의 강화가 필요하며, 새로 제정되는 청소년복지지원법은 복지측면이 더욱 강화되도록 해야한다는 점이다.
Room-temperature photoinduced magnetoresistance effect in GaAs including MnSb nanomagnets (2000)

We show a photoinduced positive magnetoresistance (MR) effect (about 20%) under a low magnetic field (less than 0.1 T) at room temperature. The photoinduced MR effect has been observed in GaAs including nanoscale MnSb islands, when photons with the energy above the band gap of GaAs irradiated the sample. The photoinduced phenomena are due to an enhancement of tunneling probability between MnSb islands by photogenerated carriers in the GaAs matrix.
Packet fair queueing scheduling based on multirate multipath-transparent CDMA for wireless networks (2002)

The traditional layered approach to wireless networks (network, data link, and physical layer) suboptimally utilizes the limited available capacity. We propose a quality of service wireless framework based on the joint design of a packet fair queuing scheduler, demand assignment medium access control (MAC) protocol, and multirate multipath-transparent CDMA-based physical layer. The unique code assignment procedure allows a direct mapping of the packet fair schedule to the physical layer transmission/reception, and supports transmission (service) rates of arbitrarily fine resolution. Judiciously designed user codes combat the harsh time-varying fading environment, and parsimonious code description minimizes overhead in the MAC. Simulations illustrate the merits of our designs.
Multi‐block methods in multivariate process control (2008)

Abstract In chemometric studies all predictor variables are usually collected in one data matrix X . This matrix is then analyzed by PLS regression or other methods. When data from several different sub‐processes are collected in one matrix, there is a possibility that the effects of some sub‐processes may vanish. If there is, for instance, mechanic data from one process and spectral data from another, the influence of the mechanic sub‐process may not be detected. An application of multi‐block (MB) methods, where the X ‐data are divided into several data blocks is presented in this study. By using MB methods the effect of a sub‐process can be seen and an example with two blocks, near infra‐red, NIR, and process data, is shown. The results show improvements in modelling task, when a MB‐based approach is used. This way of working with data gives more information on the process than if all data are in one X ‐matrix. The procedure is demonstrated by an industrial continuous process, where knowledge about the sub‐processes is available and X ‐matrix can be divided into blocks between process variables and NIR spectra. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotation-Sensitive Regression for Oriented Scene Text Detection (2018)

Text in natural images is of arbitrary orientations, requiring detection in terms of oriented bounding boxes. Normally, a multi-oriented text detector often involves two key tasks: 1) text presence detection, which is a classification problem disregarding text orientation; 2) oriented bounding box regression, which concerns about text orientation. Previous methods rely on shared features for both tasks, resulting in degraded performance due to the incompatibility of the two tasks. To address this issue, we propose to perform classification and regression on features of different characteristics, extracted by two network branches of different designs. Concretely, the regression branch extracts rotation-sensitive features by actively rotating the convolutional filters, while the classification branch extracts rotation-invariant features by pooling the rotation-sensitive features. The proposed method named Rotation-sensitive Regression Detector (RRD) achieves state-of-the-art performance on three oriented scene text benchmark datasets, including ICDAR 2015, MSRA-TD500, RCTW-17 and COCO-Text. Furthermore, RRD achieves a significant improvement on a ship collection dataset, demonstrating its generality on oriented object detection.