gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of DSR-E, an α-1,2 Linkage-Synthesizing Dextransucrase with Two Catalytic Domains (2002)

A novel Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299 dextransucrase gene, dsrE, was isolated, sequenced, and cloned in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was shown to be an original glucansucrase which catalyses the synthesis of alpha-1,6 and alpha-1,2 linkages. The nucleotide sequence of the dsrE gene consists of an open reading frame of 8,508 bp coding for a 2,835-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 313,267 Da. This is twice the average mass of the glucosyltransferases (GTFs) known so far, which is consistent with the presence of an additional catalytic domain located at the carboxy terminus of the protein and of a central glucan-binding domain, which is also significantly longer than in other glucansucrases. From sequence comparison with family 70 and alpha-amylase enzymes, crucial amino acids involved in the catalytic mechanism were identified, and several original sequences located at some highly conserved regions in GTFs were observed in the second catalytic domain.
Finite-Element Analysis of Trident-Type Tuning Fork Resonator for Vibratory Gyroscope (1995)

We have investigated the possibility of producing a highly stable piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope. In order to achieve such a gyroscope, a trident-type tuning fork resonator was adopted, because it has good inherent vibrational characteristics for its support conditions. However from a practical viewpoint, the tuning fork must be studied with the aim of achieving very high stability, and high performance as an angular rate sensor. Therefore, we investigated the detailed vibrational displacement characteristics using finite-element methods and showed that unnecessary vibration of the tuning fork influenced the sensitivity of the gyroscope. That is, this paper concerns the dimensional conditions of the tuning fork for decreasing vibrational displacements at its base portion. We also report the measured characteristic of the angular rate sensor using such an improved tuning fork.
P Wave and Far‐Field R Wave Detection in Pacemaker Patient Atrial Electrograms (2000)

This study was undertaken to develop and test a morphology-based adaptive algorithm for real-time detection of P waves and far-field R waves (FFRWs) in pacemaker patient atrial electrograms. Cardiac event discrimination in right atrial electrograms has been a problem resulting in improper atrial sensing in implantable devices; potentially requiring clinical evaluation and device reprogramming. A morphology-based adaptive algorithm was first evaluated with electrograms recorded from 25 dual chamber pacemaker implant patients. A digital signal processing (DSP) system was designed to implement the algorithm and test real-time detection. In the second phase, the DSP implementation was evaluated in 13 patients. Atrial and ventricular electrograms were processed in real-time following algorithm training performed in the first few seconds for each patient. Electrograms were later manually annotated for comparative analysis. The sensitivity for FFRW detection in the atrial electrogram during off-line analysis was 92.5% (+/- 10.9) and the positive predictive value was 99.1% (+/- 1.8). Real-time P wave detection using a DSP system had a sensitivity of 98.9% (+/- 1.3) and a positive predictivity of 97.3% (+/- 3.5). FFRW detection had a sensitivity of 91.0% (+/- 12.4) and a positive predictivity of 97.1% (+/- 4.2) in atrial electrograms. DSP algorithm tested can accurately detect both P waves and FFRWs in right atrium real-time. Advanced signal processing techniques can be applied to arrhythmia detection and may eventually improve detection, reduce clinician interventions, and improve unipolar and bipolar lead sensing.
Experimental demonstration of high dynamic-range digital holography (2015)

We present a digital holography using high dynamic-range imaging, which can improve the quality of the reconstructed image of digital holography. We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique.
An efficient optimal normal basis type II multiplier (2001)

This paper presents a new parallel multiplier for the Galois field GF(2/sup m/) whose elements are represented using the optimal normal basis of type II. The proposed multiplier requires 1.5(m/sup 2/-m) XOR gates, as compared to 2(m/sup 2/-m) XOR gates required by the Massey-Omura multiplier. The time complexities of the proposed and the Massey-Omura multipliers are similar.
Smart patch integration development of compression connector structural health monitoring in overhead transmission lines (2016)

Integration of smart patches into full-tension splice connectors in overhead power transmission lines was investigated. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) -5A was used as a smart material and an aluminum beam was used as a host structure. Negative electrode termination was examined by using copper adhesive tape and direct bonding methods. Various commercial adhesives were studied for PZT integration onto the host structure. Aluminum beam specimens with integrated PZT smart patches were tested under thermal cycling at a temperature of 125°C, which is the higher-end temperature experienced by in-service aluminum conductor steel-reinforced cables. Electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurements were conducted at room temperature, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the conductance signals was used to analyze the EMI data. It has been shown that the negative electrode method has an important effect on the performance of the integrated PZT. The PZT displayed more susceptibility to cracking when copper tape was used than when direct bonding was used. The reliability of PZT in direct bonding depended on the adhesives used in bonding layers. Although a hard alumina–based adhesive can lead to cracking of the PZT, a high-temperature epoxy with adequate flexibility, such as Duralco 4538D, can provide the desired performance under target thermal cycling conditions. The RMSD parameter can characterize conductance signatures effectively. It also was demonstrated that RMSD can be used to quantify the fatigue of the PZT integration system, although RMSD is used primarily as a damage index in monitoring structural health.
Skew tolerant digital CDR architecture for LVDS video transceiver applications (2010)

A fully digital clock and data recovery (CDR) architecture for multi-link applications is presented. The architecture has independent tolerance to inter-channel skew and timing jitter, and does not rely on data-embedded framing information or a specific equalisation sequence. It is therefore especially suited to low-voltage differential signalling (LVDS) video transceiver applications, and is described in that context. Attained skew tolerance is predicted in theory and successfully compared against silicon prototype measurements.
Specific Lactobacillus/Mutans Streptococcus Co-aggregation (2009)

Selective interaction of mutans streptococci with benign bacteria could present an opportunity for their removal from the mouth without disruption of other oral flora. This study was conducted to find probiotic lactobacilli that could specifically co-aggregate in vitro with mutans streptococci, but not with other plaque commensals. A search of 624 lactobacilli among a large culture library revealed 6 strains, all classifiable as L. paracasei or L. rhamnosus, which met this criterion. Such novel, specific co-aggregation, however, was not a general characteristic of these species or the genus Lactobacillus. The co-aggregation by these specific lactobacilli was characterized as heat treatment (autoclaving)- and protease-resistant, lectin-independent, not inactivated by sugar substitutes, operational over a wide pH range, unaffected by whole saliva, but calcium-dependent. It is thus seen to present a potential strategy for in vivo alteration of plaque biofilm and caries.
Synthesis and estrogen receptor binding affinity of a porphyrin-estradiol conjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer (1999)

A tetraphenylporphyrin-C11-beta-estradiol conjugate has been synthesized. Competitive binding assay of the conjugate with estrogen receptor (ER)-ligand-binding domain showed that the conjugate binds specifically to the protein with high affinity. Potential use of this conjugate to selectively deliver cytotoxic porphyrins to ER-positive cells in various carcinomas is discussed.
Indexing strategies for graceful degradation of search quality (2011)

Large web search engines process billions of queries each day over tens of billions of documents with often very stringent requirements for a user's search experience, in particular, low latency and highly relevant search results. Index generation and serving are key to satisfying both these requirements. For example, the load to search engines can vary drastically when popular events happen around the world. In the case when the load is exceeding what the search engine can serve, queries will get dropped. This results in an un- graceful degradation in search quality. Another example that could increase the query load and affect the user's search experience are ambiguous queries which often result in the execution of multiple query alterations in the back end.
pH-Triggered Release from Polyamide Microcapsules Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization of a Simple Diester Monomer (2017)

The majority of current pH-triggered release systems is designed to respond to either low or high pH. Encapsulants based on polyampholytes are an example of materials that can respond to both acidic and basic pH. However, polyampholyte-based encapsulants generally possess a low loading capacity and have difficulty retaining their small-molecule cargo. The current work utilizes interfacial polymerization between polyamines and a pyromellitic diester diacid chloride to form high capacity "liquid core-shell" polyamide microcapsules that are stable in a dry or nonpolar environment but undergo steady, controlled release at pH 7.4 and accelerated release at pH 5 and pH 10. The rate of release can be tuned by adjusting the amine cross-linker feed ratio, which varies the degree of cross-linking in the polymer shell. The thin-shell microcapsule exhibited suitable barrier properties and tunable dual acid/base-triggered release, with applications in a wide range of pH environments.
Design and Synthesis of Potent <i>Quillaja</i> Saponin Vaccine Adjuvants (2010)

The success of antitumor and antiviral vaccines often requires the use of an adjuvant, a substance that significantly enhances the immune response to a coadministered antigen. Only a handful of adjuvants have both sufficient potency and acceptable toxicity for clinical investigation. One promising adjuvant is QS-21, a saponin natural product that is the immunopotentiator of choice in many cancer and infectious disease vaccine clinical trials. However, the therapeutic promise of QS-21 adjuvant is curtailed by several factors, including its scarcity, difficulty in purification to homogeneity, dose-limiting toxicity, and chemical instability. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of chemically stable synthetic saponins. These novel, amide-modified, non-natural substances exhibit immunopotentiating effects in vivo that rival or exceed that of QS-21 in evaluations with the GD3-KLH melanoma conjugate vaccine. The highly convergent synthetic preparation of these novel saponins establishes new avenues for discovering improved molecular adjuvants for specifically tailored vaccine therapies.
The specificity of reductive dechlorination in the polychloropyridine series. Synthesis of 2,3,5‐trichloro‐ and of 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloropyridine (1980)

Abstract The high specificity of the reduction system zinc and ammonium salts in dimethyl methylphosphonate as solvent is demonstrated in several reductive dechlorination reactions of polychloropyridines. The reduction of pentachloropyridine with zinc/ammonium chloride system in dimethyl methylphosphonate yielded solely 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloropyridine. Similarly, the reduction of 2,3,4,5‐tetrachloropyridine with zinc and the tetramethylammonium salt of methyl methylphosphonate furnished exclusively 2,3,5‐trichloropyridine. A synthetic procedure for the preparation of the new ammonium salts of methyl methylphosphonate is given.
pH Dependence of the Binding of Folates to Milk Binder in Radioassay of Folates (1975)

We compare the binding of folic acid and N-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid to milk binder in the pH range 7.4 to 10.1. At pH 7.4 the relative affinities are quite disparate, with folic acid showing the greater affinity for milk binder. As the pH is increased from 7.4 to 9.3, the difference in affinities becomes smaller, and at pH 9.3 the affinities are nearly the same. As the pH is increased from 9.3 to 10.1, the relative affinities again begin to differ, with N-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid displaying the greater affinity. These results indicate that at a pH of 9.3 the more stable folic acid may be used as the standard in radioassay of endogenous folates.
Diagnostic criteria for dystonia in <i>DYT1</i> families (2002)

Family studies of primary torsion dystonia have used the diagnostic categories of definite, probable, and possible dystonia for gene mapping and identification, but the validity of this hierarchical classification is not known. The authors assessed 147 DYT1 GAG deletion carriers and 113 blood-related noncarriers from 43 families. Only the category of definite dystonia was 100% specific. Probable dystonia, but not possible, was increased in carriers compared with noncarriers. The authors recommend that only those with definite signs of dystonia be considered affected in linkage and other genetic studies.
Genetically Engineering Elite Oat Cultivars (1998)

Previous work has shown that tissue cultures initiated from mature embryos of a specific experimental oat ( Avena sativa L.) line, Gaf/Park, can be genetically engineered and fertile plants regenerated. The objectives of this study were to investigate the initiation of tissue cultures from mature embryos of 16 elite North American spring oat cultivars and to determine whether these tissue cultures can be used to produce transgenic plants. Fifteen of the genotypes tested produced at least some embryogenic callus that was similar in appearance to transformable callus. The elite cultivar Belle was tested to determine whether it could be genetically engineered. From 30 microprojectile bombardment treatments, 17 independently genetically engineered tissue cultures were produced that regenerated fertile, transgenic plants. These results indicate that the mature embryo‐derived tissue culture system will be useful for genetically engineering elite oat cultivars.
Self‐Assembled Silicon Nanotubes Grown from Silicon Monoxide (2005)

Self-assembled silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) are synthesized by a hydrothermal method, with silicon monoxide powder as a starting material and de-ionized water as a reaction medium. No metallic catalysts are added during the process. Unlike the disordered, aggregated SiNTs grown by the template method, the SiNTs synthesized here are self-assembled. The SiNTs have hollow structures with crystal silicon wall layers surrounded by an amorphous silica shell, as observed by transmission electron microscopy (see Figure).
An adaptive nonlinearity solution to the uniqueness problem of stereophonic echo cancellation (2002)

The major difference between two-channel and single-channel echo cancellation is the nonuniqueness problem in the two-channel case. In previous work, this nonuniqueness problem has been linked to the coherence between the two incoming audio channels. One proven solution to this problem is to distort the signals with a nonlinear device. In this work, we present an adaptive nonlinear device that incorporates new theoretical connections between the level of nonlinearity and the performance of the echo canceler. Adapting the level of nonlinearity is done in such a way that a pre-specified maximum misalignment is maintained while improving the perceived quality by minimizing the introduced distortion. Moreover, all the ideas presented can be generalized to the multichannel (> 2) case.
Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract Inhibits Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7) Cells In Vitro by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest (2016)

MEAD inhibited MCF7 cells in vitro by the inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results indicate the anticancer effects of Ajwa dates, which therefore may be used as an adjunct therapy with conventional chemotherapeutics to achieve a synergistic effect against breast cancer.
Synthetic Osteopontin-derived Peptide SVVYGLR can Induce Neovascularization in Artificial Bone Marrow Scaffold Biomaterials (2007)

We have previously reported that an osteopontin-derived SVVYGLR peptide exhibited potent angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the focus points were on the in vitro effect of SVVYGLR on bone marrow stromal cell proliferation, as well as its in vivo effect on bone tissue formation when grafts made of CO3Ap-collagen sponge- as a scaffold biomaterial containing the SVVYGLR motif - were implanted. SVVYGLR peptide promoted bone marrow stromal cell proliferation. When a CO3Ap-collagen sponge containing SVVYGLR peptide was implanted as a graft into a tissue defect created in rat tibia, the migration of numerous vascular endothelial cells - as well as prominent angiogenesis - inside the graft could be detected after one week. These results thus suggested that our scaffold biomaterials including the peptide could be useful for bone tissue regeneration.
High‐Density Soft‐Matter Electronics with Micron‐Scale Line Width (2014)

A method to produce soft and stretchable microelectronics composed of a liquid-phase Gallium-Indium alloy with micron-scale circuit features is introduced. Microchannels are molded onto the surface of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer and filled with EGaIn using a micro-transfer deposition step that exploits the unique wetting properties of EGaIn in air. The liquid-filled channels function as stretchable circuit wires or capacitor electrodes with a 2 μm linewidth and 1 μm spacing.
Best Practices for the Synthesis, Activation, and Characterization of Metal–Organic Frameworks (2016)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally diverse materials comprised of inorganic and organic components. As the rapidly expanding field of MOF research has demonstrated, these materials are being explored for a wide variety of potential applications. In this tutorial review, we give an overview of the current best practices associated with the synthesis, activation, and characterization of MOFs. Methods described include supercritical CO2 activation, single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, surface area calculations, aqueous stability tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A variety of different MOFs are presented to aid in the discussion of relevant techniques. In addition, some sections are accompanied by instructional videos to give further insight into the techniques, including tips, tricks, and suggestions only those at the bench could describe.
Compressive beamforming in noisy environments (2014)

The application of compressive sensing to detect targets of interest could greatly impact future beamforming systems. Inevitably, at-sea data are contaminated with measured noise. When the ocean is stationary enough to form multiple snap-shots, a covariance matrix may be formed to mitigate noise. Results of compressive beamforming on a covariance matrix will be shown on at-sea measurements. Results will be compared with a robust adaptive beamformer and compressive beamformer. It will be shown that the dictionary of a compressive covariance beamformer goes as the number of measurements squared leading to a compromise between processor and array gain. [This work was supported by ONR.]
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4′-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan Derivatives as Peripheral Selective μ Opioid Receptor Agents (2012)

Peripheral selective μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists could alleviate the symptoms of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) without compromising the analgesic effect of opioids. However, a variety of adverse effects were associated with them, partially due to their relatively low MOR selectivity. NAP, a 6β-N-4'-pyridyl substituted naltrexamine derivative, was identified previously as a potent and highly selective MOR antagonist mainly acting within the peripheral nervous system. The noticeable diarrhea associated with it prompted the design and synthesis of its analogues in order to study its structure-activity relationship. Among them, compound 8 showed improved pharmacological profiles compared to the original lead, acting mainly at peripheral while increasing the intestinal motility in morphine-pelleted mice (ED(50) = 0.03 mg/kg). The slight decrease of the ED(50) compared to the original lead was well compensated by the unobserved adverse effect. Hence, this compound seems to be a more promising lead to develop novel therapeutic agents toward OIC.
Models of In-Vivo Bacterial Infections for the Development of Antimicrobial Peptide-based Drugs (2016)

The increasing frequency of multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and a long-term decreasing trend in the development of new antimicrobial molecules prompts research for new anti-infective agents with new modes of action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered an interesting class of antibacterial molecules. Many new AMPs have been discovered and some are being evaluated for the development of new antibacterial therapeutics. Since the development of new antibacterial drugs has been neglected for decades, we are now faced with extreme medical need combined with a lack of technical experimental progress in setting up efficient models of antibacterial activity in animals. Here we review experiments with AMPs in animal models of sepsis, pneumonia and skin infection caused by bacteria. Animal models of infection have been of enormous predictive value in antibacterial drug discovery, both for elucidating AMP efficacy in the treatment of experimentally induced infection and for comparing the effectiveness of two or more antibiotics.
mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines (2014)

Cancer immunotherapy has been proposed as a powerful treatment modality. Active immunotherapy aspires to stimulate the patient's immune system, particularly T cells. These cells can recognize and kill cancer cells and can form an immunological memory. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of our immune system. They take up and process antigens to present them to T cells. Consequently, DCs have been investigated as a means to stimulate cancer-specific T-cell responses. An efficient strategy to program DCs is the use of mRNA, a well-defined and safe molecule that can be easily generated at high purity. Importantly, vaccines consisting of mRNA-modified DCs showed promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, we will introduce cancer immunotherapy and DCs and give a detailed overview on the application of mRNA to generate cancer-fighting DC vaccines.