gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐synuclein p.H50Q, a novel pathogenic mutation for Parkinson's disease (2013)

The substitution's evolutionary conservation and protein modeling provide additional support for pathogenicity as the amino acid perturbs the same amphipathic alpha helical structure as the previously described pathogenic mutations.
A Wavelet-Based Multiresolution PID Controller (2005)

A novel controller based on multiresolution decomposition using wavelets is presented. The controller is similar to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in principle and application. The output from a motion control system represents the cumulative effect of uncertainties such as measurement noise, frictional variation, and external torque disturbances, which manifest at different scales. The wavelet is used to decompose the error signal into signals at different scales. These signals are then used to compensate for the uncertainties in the plant. This approach provides greater expanse over the degree of control applied to the system. Through hardware and simulation results on motion control systems, this controller is shown to perform better than a PID in terms of its ability to provide smooth control signal, better disturbance, and noise rejection.
Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization (2007)

Melatonin, acting through melatonin receptors, is involved in numerous physiological processes including circadian entrainment, blood pressure regulation, oncogenesis, retinal physiology, seasonal reproduction, ovarian physiology, immune function and most recently in inducing osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, melatonin was proved to be a potent-free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum antioxidant. More research is required into the effects of therapeutically modulating the melatoninergic system on circadian haemodynamics and rhythm under varying physiopathological conditions and the possible impact on morbidity and mortality in humans.
Expression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α in Developing Mice (2008)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4alpha, a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor family, is generally expressed in some endoderm-derived epithelial tissues such as hepatocytes. In mice, an alternative promoter referred to as the P2 promoter is located upstream from the P1 promoter, resulting in the transcription of at least nine isoforms. In this study, we investigated the expression of Hnf4alpha in adult and embryonic mouse tissues, paying special attention to the developing metanephros by using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of P1 and/or P2 promoter-derived products. In adult mouse tissues, the kidney was the only organ expressing Hnf4alpha controlled only by the P1 promoter, and HNF4alpha was detected in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the proximal tubules, but not in other components of the nephron. In the metanephros, HNF4alpha was detected first at the epithelial cell nuclei in part of the comma-shaped body, distributed widely throughout the developing nephron and finally restricted to the proximal tubules. Interestingly, it was noted that Hnf4alpha mRNAs from stomach, pancreas and kidney tissues in embryonic periods were transcribed by both promoters. Immunohistochemistry for HNF4alpha and HNF1alpha revealed that both factors involved the same network of transcription factors, giving the impression that HNF4alpha was upstream of HNF1alpha.
Generalized toxicity of L-leucyl-leucine-methyl ester for lymphocyte functions. (1990)

This study investigated the hypothesis that sensitivity to L-leucyl-leucine-methyl ester (Leu-leu-O-Me) can be used to identify a role for cytotoxic lymphocytes in alloreactivity. Treatment of donor lymphocytes with Leu-leu-O-Me profoundly inhibited their ability to induce three separate models of murine graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). This was observed for all aspects of GVHR examined, including weight loss, splenomegaly and activation of natural killer (NK) cells. These effects were not influenced by whether specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were involved in individual models of GVHR. Leu-leu-O-Me not only eliminated NK and CTL activity in vitro, but had identical effects on the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in response to a variety of mitogenic stimuli. Finally, Leu-leu-O-Me prevented immune lymphocytes from mediating both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in vivo. It is concluded that Leu-leu-O-Me has non-specific toxicity for most lymphocyte function and that it cannot be used as a specific means of predicting the functional roles of CTL.
Burn Injury Triggered Dysfunction in Dendritic Cell Response to TLR9 Activation and Resulted in Skewed T Cell Functions (2012)

Severe trauma such as burn injury is often associated with a systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by a hyperactive innate immune response and suppressed adaptive immune function. Dendritic cells (DCs), which sense pathogens via their Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a pivotal role in protecting the host against infections. The effect of burn injury on TLR-mediated DC function is a debated topic and the mechanism controlling the purported immunosuppressive response remains to be elucidated. Here we examined the effects of burn injury on splenic conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) responses to TLR9 activation. We demonstrate that, following burn trauma, splenic cDCs' cytokine production profile in response to TLR9 activation became anti-inflammatory dominant, with high production of IL-10 (>50% increase) and low production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p70 (∼25-60% reduction). CD4+ T cells activated by these cDCs were defective in producing Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Furthermore, burn injury had a more accentuated effect on pDCs than on cDCs. Following TLR9 activation, pDCs displayed an immature phenotype with an impaired ability to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IL-6 and TNF-α) and to activate T cell proliferation. Moreover, cDCs and pDCs from burn-injured mice had low transcript levels of TLR9 and several key molecules of the TLR signaling pathway. Although hyperactive innate immune response has been associated with severe injury, our data show to the contrary that DCs, as a key player in the innate immune system, had impaired TLR9 reactivity, an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and a dysfunctional T cell-priming ability. We conclude that burn injury induced impairments in DC immunobiology resulting in suppression of adaptive immune response. Targeted DC immunotherapies to promote their ability in triggering T cell immunity may represent a strategy to improve immune defenses against infection following burn injury.
Study of Business Strategies in the Digital Economy (2005)

This dissertation considers two research problems that Information Technology (IT) service firms and IT-intensive products manufacturers face in the digital economy. The first essay deals with the yield management for IT service firms. Given a fixed capacity of the IT workforce within a firm, the nature of IT projects, the demand uncertainty, and the growing competition among IT vendors, IT service firms cannot avoid occasionally holding the excess workforce. We propose an analytical model which prescribes an optimal policy for yield management to manage the excess capacity of an IT vendorâs labor pool by using online reverse auction marketplaces such as Elance (www.elance.com). Our model considers an IT service firm which receives projects through two channels: a conventional procurement channel and an online auction spot market. The proposed model determines optimal online auction participation and biding (pricing) policies. The second essay considers the sequential and overlapping introduction of IT-intensive products such as software or computer components. Pricing the overlapping generations of a product line is highly correlated with the extent of innovation over generations because consumers face a âbuy or waitâ decision problem and the producer faces a cannibalization problem among overlapping generations. Our analytical model intends to examine the relationship between the pricing and the extent of innovation of IT-intensive goods.
Elevated Plus Maze and Y-Maze Behavioral Effects of Subchronic, Oral Low Dose Monosodium Glutamate in Swiss Albino Mice (2012)

Effects of subchronic oral low dose monosodium glutamate (MSG) on neurobehavior were assessed using the Y and Elevated plus mazes in mice. Forty adult Swiss albino mice weighing between 20-25 g were assigned into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A served as control and received normal saline, groups B, C and D received MSG dissolved in normal saline orally at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg dose. MSG or vehicle was administered for a period of 14 days, following which animals were exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Y-maze. The numbers of entries and percentage time spent in the open and closed arms after 5mins exposure to the plus maze and Y-maze spontaneous alternations over a five minute period was scored for each animal as a measure of spatial memory. Result were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by a posthoc test, results were expressed as mean S.E.M. Elevated plus maze performance showed a significant decrease in the number of entries and time spent in the open arm and an increase in the total number of arm entries compared to control, Y-maze task performance showed no significant improvement in the MSG groups compared to control. The study concluded that subchronic MSG at the doses administered was anxiogenic but had only a slight retardant effect on spatial working memory.
Continuous-wave bistatic laser Doppler wind sensor (2001)

A coherent laser radar has been built by use of a master-oscillator power-amplifier arrangement in which the master oscillator is an external-cavity semiconductor laser and the power amplifier is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with approximately 1-W output at a wavelength of 1.55 microm. The beams are routed within single-mode optical fiber, allowing modular construction of the optical layout with standard components. The system employs separate transmit and receive optics (a bistatic configuration) and has sufficient sensitivity for reliable Doppler wind-speed detection in moderate scattering conditions at short range (to as much as approximately 200 m). The bistatic arrangement leads to a well-defined probe volume formed by the intersection of the transmitted laser beam with the virtual backpropagated local-oscillator beam. This could be advantageous for applications in which the precise localization of wind speed is required (e.g., wind tunnel studies) or in which smoke, low cloud, or solid objects can lead to spurious signals. The confinement of the probe volume also leads to a reduction in the signal power. A theoretical study has been carried out on the reduction in wind signal strength compared with the monostatic arrangement, and the results are compared with experimental observation.
Reduced-dose rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: Efficacy depends on degree of B cell depletion (2010)

This pilot study suggests that the degree of B cell depletion, rather than the dose of rituximab, determines clinical response. It may be possible to predict which patients will respond to lower-dose rituximab, and this may allow more cost-effective treatment.
Graphene based electron field emitter (2015)

Graphene based electron field emitter arrays consisting of cone-shaped silicon tips, a thin Al2O3 tunnel barrier, and graphene top electrode are fabricated. Due to the monolayered graphene top electrode, the electrons are able to tunnel through the Al2O3 layer and emit into the vacuum. The temperature behavior of the tunnel leakage current as well as the emission current is characterized.
Synthesis of N-substituted prodigiosenes (1986)

Prodigiosenes bearing N-methyl or N-benzyl groups in each of the three pyrrole rings have been prepared by coupling either a bipyrrole with a pyrrolecarbaldehyde or a bipyrrolecarbaldehyde with an α-free pyrrole. Synthesis via the bipyrrole route can lead to fragmentation of the products through further attack by the bipyrrole. In contrast to the demethyl series, the salts of 11-methylprodigiosenes exist as E/Z mixtures. In the base form only Z isomers were detected. A number of novel pyrroles (30b, c, d) are accessible by a regioselective Grignard reaction on 3-bromo-2-bromomethylpyrroles.
Impact of CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization on maximum foliage cover across the globe's warm, arid environments (2013)

Satellite observations reveal a greening of the globe over recent decades. The role in this greening of the “CO 2 fertilization” effect—the enhancement of photosynthesis due to rising CO 2 levels—is yet to be established. The direct CO 2 effect on vegetation should be most clearly expressed in warm, arid environments where water is the dominant limit to vegetation growth. Using gas exchange theory, we predict that the 14% increase in atmospheric CO 2 (1982–2010) led to a 5 to 10% increase in green foliage cover in warm, arid environments. Satellite observations, analyzed to remove the effect of variations in precipitation, show that cover across these environments has increased by 11%. Our results confirm that the anticipated CO 2 fertilization effect is occurring alongside ongoing anthropogenic perturbations to the carbon cycle and that the fertilization effect is now a significant land surface process.
Bis-<i>N</i>-annulated Quaterrylenebis(dicarboximide) as a New Soluble and Stable Near-Infrared Dye (2009)

A new ladder-type bis-N-annulated quaterrylenebis(dicarboximide) (1) was synthesized, and it exhibits excellent solubility in common organic solvents, high molar absorptivity, and good stability. Moreover, it absorbs and emits light in the near-IR spectral region with a high fluorescence quantum yield. All these properties qualify it as a promising NIR dye for many applications.
Foundations of Assisted Cognition Systems (2003)

this report. Kautz [79] modeled plan recognition logically in a manner that allowed goals and plans to be described at various levels of abstraction. Etzioni et al. [94, 95, 92, 93] developed a version space algorithm for plan recognition that is provably sound and polynomial time [94, 93]. Weld et al. developed goal recognition algorithms using inductive logic programming [90] and version-space algebra [89, 168, 88] in the context of programming by demonstration
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody to <i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> and its Application for Virus Detection in China (2003)

Abstract Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against the virion protein of Sugarcane mosaic virus Zhejiang isolate (SCMV‐ZJ). All three MAbs, which belong to the immunoglobulin (IgG1) subclass, reacted with isolates of SCMV but not with seven other viruses tested by indirect antigen‐coating plate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ACP‐ELISA). MAb 2B5 was used in indirect ACP‐ELISA for the detection of SCMV in maize leaf samples showing dwarf mosaic symptoms, and all 176 were found to be infected. Results of ACP‐ELISA with MAb 2B5 correlated well with those obtained by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using the same tissues. This demonstrates that MAb 2B5 can be used to detect isolates of SCMV in field samples and that the virus is possibly the most common cause of maize dwarf mosaic disease in different parts of China.
Subfascial Breast Implant: A New Procedure (2003)

Breast augmentation techniques using the submuscular and subglandular planes to introduce the implant are well known and widely used procedures. The authors have been using the subfascial dissection plane, a new concept for breast augmentation. From October of 1998 to September of 2001, 263 patients underwent breast augmentation. In all cases, the implants were inserted into the subfascial plane. McGhan 410 anatomic biodimensional, cohesive gel implants (size, 155 to 310 g) were used. There are additional benefits using this technique; these include avoiding implant deformation or distortion (as seen in the retromuscular position), leaving additional soft tissue between the implant and the skin, and minimizing implant edge prominence (inherent to retroglandular placement). These technical details lead to fewer patient complaints. Morbidity is similar to that of other techniques.
The GTPase Ran: regulation of cell life and potential roles in cell transformation (2008)

The GTPase Ran plays a crucial role in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of tumor suppressors, proto-oncogenes, signaling molecules and transcription factors. It also plays direct roles in mitosis, through which it regulates faithful chromosome segregation and hence the generation of genetically stable cells. Ran operates through a group of effector proteins. In this review we summarize growing evidence suggesting that deregulated activity of Ran or its effectors can contribute to pathways of cell transformation and facilitate tumor progression.
Jasmonate Compounds and Their Derivatives in the Regulation of the Neoplastic Processes (2021)

Cancer is a serious problem in modern medicine, mainly due to the insufficient effectiveness of currently available therapies. There is a particular interest in compounds of natural origin, which can be used in the prophylaxis, as well as in the treatment and support of cancer treatment. One such compound is jasmonic acid (3-oxo-2-(pent-2'-enyl)cyclopentane acetic acid; isolated active form: <i>trans</i>-(-)-(3<i>R</i>,7<i>R</i>)- and <i>cis</i>-(+)-(3<i>R</i>,7<i>S</i>)-jasmonic acid) and its derivatives, which, due to their wide range of biological activities, are also proposed as potential therapeutic agents. Therefore, a review of literature data on the biological activity of jasmonates was prepared, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of jasmonate action in neoplastic diseases. The anti-tumor activity of jasmonate compounds is based on altered cellular ATP levels; induction of re-differentiation through the action of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs); the induction of the apoptosis by reactive oxygen species. Jasmonates can be used in anti-cancer therapy in combination with other known drugs, such as cisplatin, paclitaxel or doxorubicin, showing a synergistic effect. The structure-activity relationship of novel jasmonate derivatives with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects is also shown.
Nursing observations in the acute inpatient setting: A contribution to the debate (2002)

Although common practice in mental health care, the rationale for nursing observation of inpatients varies widely and can even be used inappropriately. Trevor Barre and Roger Evans discuss this important, but often poorly understood, intervention
A Neuropeptide Gene Defined by the <i>Drosophila</i> Memory Mutant <i>amnesiac</i> (1995)

Mutations in genes required for associative learning and memory in Drosophila exist, but isolation of the genes has been difficult because most are defined by a single, chemically induced allele. Here, a simplified genetic screen was used to identify candidate genes involved in learning and memory. Second site suppressors of the dunce (dnc) female sterility phenotype were isolated with the use of transposon mutagenesis. One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene. Cloning of the locus revealed that amn encodes a previously uncharacterized neuropeptide gene. Thus, with the cloning of amn, specific neuropeptides are implicated in the memory process.
Observation of bulk HfO2 defects by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2004)

Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to investigate the oxidation of pure Hf films on silicon for the formation of HfO2 (hafnium oxide) gate-dielectric films in advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Absorption coefficients near the absorption edge were extracted using the data inversion method, in which the optical constants for short wavelengths were calculated using the film thickness determined from long-wavelength data. The extracted optical band gap of 5.7 eV matches well with published data, and a curve shift due to crystallization was detected. In addition, an extra absorption peak corresponding to electron transition from the valence band to a defect energy level was observed in the range 4.5–5.0 eV above the valence-band edge. The 1.2 eV energy difference between the conduction-band edge and the edge of this extra peak is close to the electron trap energy level reported elsewhere. The intensity of the detected peak was clearly correlated with leakage current and near-interface trap densities. Based on the annealing condition dependence of the extra absorption peak, the defects are likely oxygen vacancies within the HfO2 film.
The fluidity of household composition in matatiele, Transkei: a methodological problem (1986)

Questions related to the study of household composition in South Africa are explored using data from a longitudinal study carried out in a Sotho-speaking village in Matatiele District of the Transkei. These questions primarily concern the fluidity of household composition and the methodological problems this poses.
Deployment Control Mechanisms for Inflatable Space Structures (1999)

Increases in the number of satellites to be launched over the next several decades will emphasize the need for the reduction of space hardware mass, stowage volume, and cost. One approach to realizing these reductions is through the use of inflatable, deployable, space structures. Inflatable structures offer many benefits over conventional deployable structures because they lower in mass and can be packaged into small volumes, which reduce launch vehicle size and cost. The performance benefit margin of inflatable structures increases as the size of the structure increases, thus making the technology more attractive for large-scale systems. Examples of satellite components that benefit from the utilization of inflatable structures include solar arrays, communications antennas, radar antennas, thermal/light shields, solar sails, etc. ILC Dover has developed several technologies to facilitate the use of inflatable structures in the manufacture of deployable satellite components. One such technology is the mechanism used to control the deployment of the structure from its packed state to its deployed state. The mechanism used can take several forms depending on the application. These mechanisms control the rate of deployment of the structure, directionality of deployment, and the structural rigidity of the structure during deployment. This paper discusses several of the controlled deployment mechanisms available for use with inflatable space structures. The state of development of these mechanisms and examples of their application will also be discussed.