gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAFER TRANSIT TRAVEL FOR THE BLIND USING AN INFRARED WARNING SYSTEM (1997)

This article describes the design of the IRIIS and presents results of demonstrations and evaluations by blind and visually impaired users. The IRIIS Team received a 1996 APL Team Excellence Award for this collaborative effort.
Dynamics of a microcapillary discharge plasma using a soft x-ray laser backlighter (2000)

We have used the new technique of soft x-ray laser shadowgraphy in combination with traditional plasma emission spectroscopy and theoretical modeling to study the dynamics of a plasma column created by a discharge through a 380 &mgr;m diameter evacuated microcapillary. The transient microcapillary plasma was imaged with high-spatial and temporal resolution using a tabletop discharge pumped 46.9-nm laser backlighter. Model computations show that the sharp boundary observed between the absorbent and transparent regions of the shadowgrams is defined by the spatial distribution of weakly ionized ions that are strongly photoionized by the probe laser. The plasma was observed to rapidly evolve from an initially nonuniform distribution into a column with good azimuthal symmetry and minimum density on axis [computed electron density on axis n(e)=(1-3)x10(19) cm(-3)]. This concave electron density profile constitutes a plasma waveguide for laser radiation. Heated solely by Joule dissipation from relatively small excitation currents (1.5 kA), this dense plasma reaches substantial electron temperatures of T(e)=15-20 eV as a result of the absence of significant hydrodynamic losses and reduced radiation losses caused by large spectral line opacities. The results illustrate the potential of tabletop soft x-ray lasers as a new plasma diagnostic tool.
Design of flat magnetic core for inductively coupled coils in high efficiency wireless power transfer application (2017)

A pad-like flat magnetic core with high permeability is adopted and was placed under the primary side coil as well as above the secondary side coil of wireless power transfer (WPT) system. It can be as a shielding for the magnetic field. Moreover, the insertion of the magnetic material increases the coupling coefficient of the two coils and thus reduces the leakage flux compared with core-less system. A WPT system with nominal power of 200W was built to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. Results show that after inserting the magnetic core, the power transfer efficiency is increased by about 30% with power transfer distance being 60mm–80mm.
Tunable Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Optoelectronic Oscillator Using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (2018)

We propose and demonstrate a tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) using a frequency scanning microwave photonics filter (MPF) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Fourier domain mode locking operation is achieved by synchronizing the tuning period of the SBS-based MPF to the cavity round-trip time of OEO. As a result, thousands of longitudinal modes are stimulated simultaneously in the OEO cavity. Linearly chirped microwave waveforms with a chirp rate up to 0.84 GHz/μs and a time bandwidth product as high as 22446 are generated in the experiment. The proposed approach provides an important solution for chirped microwave waveforms generation, which is widely used in modern radar and communication systems, and has the potential to be integrated on a chip.
Co‐registration of acquired MR ventilation and perfusion images—Validation in a porcine model (2002)

Under controlled imaging conditions, functional, co-registered ventilation and perfusion images were obtained for quantitative MRI assessment of pulmonary function. Experiments were conducted on 25-35 kg Yorkshire pigs (N = 5) under ketamine/isoflurane anesthesia. Ventilation and perfusion MR images were obtained using laser polarized gas and gadolinium (Gd), respectively. The mutual information-based technique was used to quantify the initial misregistration between the acquired ventilation and perfusion images, to cope with different intensity characteristics. Means and standard deviations (SDs) of misregistrations for the five subjects, in terms of absolute translation and absolute rotations around each of the three coordinate axes, were computed to evaluate the hypothesis. For qualitative illustrations, plots of mutual information values under absolute translations and rotations around each of the three coordinate axes are presented. This preliminary study shows the feasibility of acquiring functional image data that are spatially co-registered. This method has potential applications in the quantitative assessment of regional alveolar ventilation and pulmonary perfusion ratio, in both normal and diseased lung.
PN code acquisition for DS/CDMA systems employing smart antennas. II (2003)

For pt. I see IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. A smart antenna, i.e., a blind adaptive antenna array, has attracted much attention to improve the capacity of a future code-division multiple-access wireless communications system. It has been demonstrated that there is significant improvement in data demodulation through lab simulations and field experiments by employing a smart antenna of multiple elements. However, only one element is used for the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process, which is a coarse PN code synchronization prior to data demodulation. This paper proposes a simple and practical PN code acquisition scheme, which employs all elements in the smart antenna. Also, this paper uses an adaptive threshold for the PN code acquisition. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the PN code acquisition performance, e.g., the PN code acquisition time will be half as long by employing five elements rather than the single element at a given bit-energy-to-interference power spectral density ratio.
gp340 Expressed on Human Genital Epithelia Binds HIV-1 Envelope Protein and Facilitates Viral Transmission (2007)

During sexual transmission of HIV in women, the first cells likely to be infected are submucosal CD4(+) T cells and dendritic cells of the lower genital tract. HIV is segregated from these target cells by an epithelial cell layer that can be bypassed even when healthy and intact. To understand how HIV penetrates this barrier, we identified a host protein, gp340, that is expressed on genital epithelium and binds the HIV envelope via a specific protein-protein interaction. This binding allows otherwise subinfectious amounts of HIV to efficiently infect target cells and allows this infection to occur over a longer period of time after binding. Our findings suggest a mechanism of viral entry during heterosexual transmission where HIV is bound to intact genital epithelia, which then promotes the initial events of infection. Understanding this step in the initiation of infection will allow for the development of tools and methods for blocking HIV transmission.
Identification of Novel Diagnostic Serum Biomarkers for Chagas' Disease in Asymptomatic Subjects by Mass Spectrometric Profiling (2010)

More than 10 million people are thought to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily in the Americas. The clinical manifestations of Chagas' disease (CD) are variable, but most subjects remain asymptomatic for decades. Only 15 to 30% eventually develop terminal complications. All current diagnostic tests have limitations. New approaches are needed for blood bank screening as well as for improved diagnosis and prognosis. Sera from subjects with asymptomatic CD (n = 131) were compared to those from uninfected controls (n = 164) and subjects with other parasitic diseases (n = 140), using protein array mass spectrometry. To identify biomarkers associated with CD, sera were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography and bound to two commercial ProteinChip array chemistries: WCX2 and IMAC3. Multiple candidate biomarkers were found in CD sera (3 to 75.4 kDa). Algorithms employing 3 to 5 of these biomarkers achieved up to 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for CD. The biomarkers most useful for diagnosis were identified and validated. These included MIP1 alpha, C3a anaphylatoxin, and unusually truncated forms of fibronectin, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and C3. An antipeptide antiserum against the 28.9-kDa C terminus of the fibronectin fragment achieved good specificity (90%) for CD in a Western blot format. We identified full-length ApoA1 (28.1 kDa), the major structural and functional protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as an important negative biomarker for CD, and relatively little full-length ApoA1 was detected in CD sera. This work provides proof of principle that both platform-dependent (i.e., mass spectrometry-based) and platform-independent (i.e., Western blot) tests can be generated using high-throughput mass profiling.
Abstract #1579: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to glycodelin showing clinical utility in the identification of ovarian cancer (2009)

Ovarian cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer death, is diagnosed in more than 22,000 women in the U.S each year. The only established biomarker for ovarian cancer is CA125, which shows low sensitivity for detecting early stage ovarian cancer. The prognosis for late stage diagnosis is poor due to the high rate of metastasis of ovarian cancer. In order to improve the clinical management of ovarian cancer, new biomarkers must be identified and used to create novel in vitro diagnostic tools. Glycodelin or PAEP (progestagen-associated endometrial protein) is a member of the kernel lipocalin family of proteins. Glycodelin is normally expressed in women during ovulation and the first trimester of pregnancy. After menopause, no significant level of glycodelin has been reported in normal serum. Our group has previously reported the use of a research use only glycodelin kit to predict the presence of ovarian cancer. The utility of the kit led us to develop an in-house assay for in vitro quantitation of glycodelin in human serum. In order to produce a recombinant protein, the coding sequence for glycodelin was fused in frame to a C-terminal Histidine tag in a mammalian expression vector. Recombinant glycodelin was secreted from transiently transfected HEK cells and purified by nickel chromatography directly from conditioned media. Mice were then immunized with recombinant glycodelin to produce monoclonal antibodies. In order to increase the epitopic diversity of glycodelin presented to the immune system, mice were immunized with two injection protocols. Following immunization, B cells were harvested and fused with the myeloma cell line P3X63-Ag-653/Bcl-2. Initial screening of hybridoma supernatants against the recombinant protein resulted in a library of polydoma antibodies specific to glycodelin. Analysis of the supernatents by ELISA reduced the pool of highly specific polydomas to eight, which were subsequently cloned. Two of these clones, one from each immunization were chosen as capture and detector antibodies for further analysis. The binding site for one of the antibodies mapped to the C-terminal region of glycodelin, while the second binds natively folded full-length glycodelin. The two clones also showed differences in binding affinity determined by calorimetry. A serum cohort consisting of 150 benign, 100 normal, 78 cancer, 15 borderline, and 12 interfering pathology samples has been analyzed with the in house glycodelin assay in combination with CA125. The data demonstrate a significant predictive value in addition to CA125 in serum from women older than 55 (p=0.0057). The increased predictive value corresponds to 9 cancer samples identified by glycodelin out of the 30 patients that were determined normal by CA125 alone. This analysis indicates that glycodelin may significantly improve the clinical management of ovarian cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1579.
The Validation Problem of Joint Emission/Transmission Reconstruction From TOF-PET Projections (2018)

About six years ago, it was shown with experiments and with mathematical analysis that with the introduction of time-of-flight (TOF), the data acquired with positron emission tomography (PET) were significantly richer than before [1]-[3]. In particular, it was found that if the tracer distribution is wider than the TOF uncertainty, the TOF-PET data provide enough information to jointly estimate the activity image and the attenuation sinogram up to a global scale factor. Since then, many algorithms have been proposed to exploit this feature to perform attenuation correction without additional transmission measurements or to improve available attenuation images or sinograms. An excellent recent review of these methods has been published by Berker and Li [4]. Some of these methods rely on the emission data only, other methods use additional information to determine the scale factor and/or to suppress noise propagation. This additional information can be obtained from an anatomical image acquired with the MR-component in a PET/MR system or with the CT-component in a PET/CT system.
Drug delivery in cochlear implantation (2021)

Intra-cochlear fibrous tissue formation around the electrode following cochlear implantation affects the electrode impedance as well as electrode explantation during reimplantation surgeries. Applying corticosteroids in cochlear implantation is one way of minimizing the intra-cochlear fibrous tissue formation around the electrode. It were J. Kiefer, C. von Ilberg, and W. Gstöttner who proposed the first idea on drug delivery application in cochlear implantation to MED-EL in the year 2000. During the twenty years of translational research efforts at MED-EL in collaboration with several clinics and research institutions from across the world, preclinical safety and efficacy of corticosteroids were performed leading to the final formulation of the electrode design. In parallel to the drug eluting CI electrode development, MED-EL also invested research efforts into developing tools enabling delivery of pharmaceutical agents of surgeon's choice inside the cochlea. The inner ear catheter designed to administer drug substances into the cochlea was CE marked in 2020. A feasibility study in human subjects with MED-EL CI featuring dexamethasone-eluting electrode array started in June 2020. This article covers the milestones of translational research towards the drug delivery in CI application that took place in association with MED-EL.
Nonencapsidated 5′ Copy-Back Defective Interfering Genomes Produced by Recombinant Measles Viruses Are Recognized by RIG-I and LGP2 but Not MDA5 (2017)

Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it an attractive candidate vector for preventing other infectious diseases. Yet the great capacity of this vaccine still needs to be understood at the molecular level. MV vaccine strains have different type I interferon (IFN)-inducing abilities that partially depend on the presence of 5' copy-back defective interfering genomes (DI-RNAs). DI-RNAs are pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2) that activate innate immune signaling and shape the adaptive immune response. In this study, we characterized the DI-RNAs produced by various modified recombinant MVs (rMVs), including vaccine candidates, as well as wild-type MV. All tested rMVs produced 5' copy-back DI-RNAs that were different in length and nucleotide sequence but still respected the so-called "rule of six." We correlated the presence of DI-RNAs with a larger stimulation of the IFN-β pathway and compared their immunostimulatory potentials. Importantly, we revealed that encapsidation of DI-RNA molecules within the MV nucleocapsid abolished their immunoactive properties. Furthermore, we identified specific interactions of DI-RNAs with both RIG-I and LGP2 but not MDA5. Our results suggest that DI-RNAs produced by rMV vaccine candidates may indeed strengthen their efficiency by triggering RLR signaling.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Having been administered to hundreds of millions of children, the live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine is the safest and most widely used human vaccine, providing high protection with long-term memory. Additionally, recombinant MVs carrying heterologous antigens are promising vectors for new vaccines. The great capacity of this vaccine still needs to be elucidated at the molecular level. Here we document that recombinant MVs produce defective interfering genomes that have high immunostimulatory properties via their binding to RIG-I and LGP2 proteins, both of which are cytosolic nonself RNA sensors of innate immunity. Defective interfering genome production during viral replication should be considered of great importance due to the immunostimulatory properties of these genomes as intrinsic adjuvants produced by the vector that increase recognition by the innate immune system.
Wind Tunnel Test of the S814 Thick Root Airfoil (1996)

The objective of this wind-tunnel test was to verify the predictions of the Eppler Airfoil Design and Analysis Code for a very thick airfoil having a high maximum lift coefficient designed to be largely insensitive to leading-edge roughness effects. The 24 percent thick S814 airfoil was designed with these characteristics to accommodate aerodynamic and structural considerations for the root region of a wind-turbine blade. In addition, the airfoil’s maximum lift-to-drag ratio was designed to occur at a high lift coefficient. To accomplish the objective, a two-dimensional wind tunnel test of the S814 thick root airfoil was conducted in January 1994 in the low-turbulence wind tunnel of the Delft University of Technology Low Speed Laboratory, The Netherlands. Data were obtained with transition free and transition fixed for Reynolds numbers of 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 × 106. For the design Reynolds number of 1.5 × 106, the maximum lift coefficient with transition free is 1.32, which satisfies the design specification. However, this value is significantly lower than the predicted maximum lift coefficient of almost 1.6. With transition fixed at the leading edge, the maximum lift coefficient is 1.22. The small difference in maximum lift coefficient between the transition-free and transition-fixed conditions demonstrates the airfoil’s minimal sensitivity to roughness effects. The S814 root airfoil was designed to complement existing NREL low maximum-lift-coefficient tip-region airfoils for rotor blades 10 to 15 meters in length.
The case for analysis preserving language transformation (2006)

Static analysis has gained much attention over the past few years in applications such as bug finding and program verification. As software becomes more complex and componentized, it is common for software systems and applications to be implemented in multiple languages. There is thus a strong need for developing analysis tools for multi-language software. We introduce a technique called Analysis Preserving Language Transformation (aplt) that enables the analysis of multi-language software, and also allows analysis tools for one language to be applied to programs written in another. aplt preserves data and control flow information needed to perform static analyses, but allows the translation to deviate from the original program's semantics in ways that are not pertinent to the particular analysis. We discuss major technical difficulties in building such a translator, using a C-to-Java translator as an example. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of aplt using two usage cases: analysis of the Java runtime native methods and reuse of Java analysis tools for C. Our preliminary results show that a control- and data-flow equivalent model for native methods can eliminate unsoundness and produce reliable results, and that aplt enables seamless reuse of analysis tools for checking high-level program properties.
A trellis-based technique for blind channel estimation and equalization (2004)

In this paper, we present a trellis-based blind channel estimation and equalization technique coupling two kinds of adaptive Viterbi algorithms. First, the initial blind channel estimation is accomplished by incorporating the list parallel Viterbi algorithm with the least mean square (LMS) updating approach. In this operation, multiple trellis mappings are preserved simultaneously and ranked in terms of path metrics. Equivalently, multiple channel estimates are maintained and updated once a single symbol is received. Second, the best channel estimate from the above operation will be adopted to set up the whole trellis. The conventional adaptive Viterbi algorithm is then applied to detect the signal and further update the channel estimate alternately. A small delay is introduced for the symbol detection and the decision feedback to smooth the noise impact. An automatic switch between the above two operations is also proposed by exploiting the evolution of path metrics and the linear constraint inherent in the trellis mapping. Simulation has shown an overall excellent performance of the proposed scheme in terms of mean square error (MSE) for channel estimation, robustness to the initial channel guess, computational complexity, and channel equalization.
Mycoplanecins, novel antimycobacterial antibiotics from Actinoplanes awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov.. I. Taxonomy of producing organism and fermentation. (1983)

Strain No. 41042, an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample, was found to produce 5-azacytidine and new antibiotics, mycoplanecins. Yellowish brown to yellowish orange color of colonies on agar media, formation of globose to subglobose sporangia bearing motile spores and presence of meso- and hydroxy-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in the cell wall ascribed this strain to genus Actinoplanes. From its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics, this strain was determined to be a new subspecies of Actinoplanes awajinensis and designated as A. awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. Production of mycoplanecins was carried out by conventional submerged culture: the highest antibiotic titer obtained was 145 micrograms/ml.
Reconfigurable Logic Element using a Chaotic Circuit (2006)

We report the experimental realization of all the fundamental logic gates, flexibly, using a chaotic circuit. In our scheme a simple threshold mechanism allows the chaotic circuit unit to switch easily between behaviours emulating the different gates. We also demonstrate the ability of on-the-fly dynamic reconfiguration of this logic cell
New class of diode-pumped mid-IR broadly tunable lasers based on TM<sup>2+</sup>ions in Td coordination: Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnX (X=S,Se) (1997)

A new class of room-temperature, diode-pumped solid state lasers, that are broadly tunable in the mid-IR spectral region, has been conceptualized and demonstrated. These lasers are based on intra-ion transitions of divalent transition metals placed in substitutional cation sites of tetrahedral symmetry in large bandgap chalcogenide semiconductor crystals. These combinations of laser-ions and host crystals are seen to provide favorable radiative and non-radiative transition processes for the realization of the desired laser performance characteristics. Spectroscopic data for candidate schemes are reviewed and divalent chromium doped zinc chalcogenides are identified as potentially superior laser candidates. Preparation of laser quality Cr<SUP>2+</SUP>:ZnSe crystals is described and experimental results to date for a diode-pumped laser are given. Remaining laser development issues are discussed briefly.