gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer numerical control (CNC) lithography: light-motion synchronized UV-LED lithography for 3D microfabrication (2016)

This paper presents a computer-numerical-controlled ultraviolet light-emitting diode (CNC UV-LED) lithography scheme for three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication. The CNC lithography scheme utilizes sequential multi-angled UV light exposures along with a synchronized switchable UV light source to create arbitrary 3D light traces, which are transferred into the photosensitive resist. The system comprises a switchable, movable UV-LED array as a light source, a motorized tilt-rotational sample holder, and a computer-control unit. System operation is such that the tilt-rotational sample holder moves in a pre-programmed routine, and the UV-LED is illuminated only at desired positions of the sample holder during the desired time period, enabling the formation of complex 3D microstructures. This facilitates easy fabrication of complex 3D structures, which otherwise would have required multiple manual exposure steps as in the previous multidirectional 3D UV lithography approach. Since it is batch processed, processing time is far less than that of the 3D printing approach at the expense of some reduction in the degree of achievable 3D structure complexity. In order to produce uniform light intensity from the arrayed LED light source, the UV-LED array stage has been kept rotating during exposure. UV-LED 3D fabrication capability was demonstrated through a plurality of complex structures such as V-shaped micropillars, micropanels, a micro-'hi' structure, a micro-'cat's claw,' a micro-'horn,' a micro-'calla lily,' a micro-'cowboy's hat,' and a micro-'table napkin' array.
Color imaging and pattern hiding on a metallic substrate (2015)

We present a new approach for the reproduction of color images on a metallic substrate that look bright and colorful under specular reflection observation conditions and also look good under non-specular reflection observation conditions. We fit amounts of both the white ink and the classical cyan, magenta and yellow inks according to a formula optimizing the reproduction of colors simultaneously under specular and non-specular observation conditions. In addition, we can hide patterns such as text or graphical symbols in one viewing mode, specular or non-specular, and reveal them in the other viewing mode. We rely on the trade-off between amounts of white diffuse ink and amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow inks to control lightness in specular and in non-specular observation conditions. Further effects are grayscale images that alternate from a first image to a second independent image when tilting the print from specular to non-specular reflection observation conditions. Applications comprise art and entertainment, publicity, posters, as well as document security.
Computer‐Aided Designed and 3‐Dimensionally Printed Porous Tissue Bioscaffolds for Craniofacial Soft‐Tissue Reconstruction (2013)

Objectives: Introduce our groups’ innovative processes using image‐based design and several 3‐dimensionally printed scaffolds for head and neck cartilaginous reconstruction. Applications for auricular reconstruction and nasal reconstruction are discussed. Study Design: Proof of concept revealing novel methods for bioscaffold production with in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating preliminary scaffold behavior. Methods: DICOM computed tomography (CT) images undergo segmentation and image‐based Boolean design. Three‐dimensional (3D) designed, bioresorbable, poly‐L‐caprolactone scaffolds are printed. Subcutaneous in vivo implantation of auricular and nasal scaffolds was performed in a porcine model. Auricular scaffolds were seeded with primary porcine auricular chondrocytes in a hyaluronic acid/collagen hydrogel, and cultured in a prochondrogenic bioreactor environment. Results: Auricular and nasal constructs with several micropore architectures are rapidly manufactured with high fidelity anatomic appearance. Subcutaneous in vivo implantation of auricular and nasal scaffolds resulted in excellent appearance. Histologic analysis demonstrated cartilaginous growth within and respecting the boundaries of the scaffold. Cartilage growth was not seen outside of the scaffold, potentially suggesting a prochondrogenic effect of the scaffold or prevention of chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Conclusions: Image‐based design processes and 3D printing in the production of cartilaginous structures for several challenging reconstructive applications is introduced. Bioscaffolds may allow regeneration of soft tissue structures that are replaced with native extracellular matrix.
Highly Accurate Absolute Group Delay Measurement Technique for Frequency-Translation Devices (1998)

This paper describes an advanced absolute group delay measurement technique. It uses a mixer calibration standard and vector error correction to achieve high-precision absolute group delay measurements of frequency-translation devices, such as mixers and frequency converters. The advantages of this technique include: 1. Improved absolute and relative group delay measurement accuracy of +/- 150 ps 2. Lower measurement ripples for highly accurate S-parameter measurements 3. Vector-calibrated performance by characterizing and removing test system errors This application is most valuable for designers, manufacturers, and system integrators of communication systems (such as telemetry applications, satellite, LMDS and point-to-point radio) in which high-accuracy group delay measurements are of great importance.
Enhancement of the Functional Repertoire of the Rat Parietal Peritoneal Mesothelium <i>In Vivo</i> : Directed Expression of the Anticoagulant and Antiinflammatory Molecule Thrombomodulin (1998)

We have used our previously described ex vivo mesothelial cell (MC)-mediated gene therapy strategy (Gene Ther. 2:393-401, 1995) to modify the functional properties of the rat parietal peritoneal mesothelium in vivo by expression of a membrane-bound recombinant protein on the MC surface. Rat primary MCs were stably transfected (using strontium phosphate DNA coprecipitation) with a plasmid containing the gene for rat thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as an essential cofactor for the physiological activation of the anticoagulant protein C by the enzyme thrombin. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and by direct equilibrium binding with radiolabeled thrombin, genetically modified MCs expressed high levels of TM antigen on their surface in vitro. As judged by a thrombin-dependent protein C activation assay, such MC membrane-bound TM was biologically active. Once reseeded on the denuded parietal peritoneal surface of syngeneic recipients, these TM-transfected MCs continued to express TM antigen in vivo for at least 90 days. Moreover, the recombinant TM expressed on the reconstituted parietal mesothelium retained its ability to activate protein C in a thrombin-dependent manner. Our data indicate that MC-mediated expression of TM can be used to augment the anticoagulant properties of the parietal peritoneal surface. In general, our results suggest that ex vivo MC-mediated gene therapy can be used to deliver other therapeutic transmembrane proteins to the MC surface to enhance the functional repertoire of the parietal mesothelium in vivo.
Field Application of a New Proppant Detection Technology (2011)

Abstract Traditional proppant placement evaluation in hydraulically induced fractures has utilized detection of radioactive tracers pumped down hole with the proppant. We are proposing new methods for proppant placement determination. The proppant placement determination method described in this paper eliminates down hole placement of radioactive materials. A thermal neutron absorbing compound is inseparably incorporated into a ceramic proppant during manufacturing in sufficiently low concentration that it does not affect proppant properties. Proppant is detected using standard compensated neutron tools or pulsed neutron tools, with detection based on the high thermal neutron absorptive properties of the compound relative to downhole constituents. Specifically, proppant is detected using after-frac compensated neutron logs combined with corresponding before-frac logs. Increased thermal neutron absorption by the compound reduces count rates in the near and far detectors, with approximately the same percentage reduction observed in each detector, leaving the N/F ratio unchanged. One detection method utilizes a comparison of before-frac log count rates and after-frac count rates, with reduced after-frac count rates observed in zones containing proppant. A second detection method, especially useful when formation gas saturations change, involves only the after-frac log. Since the near to far detector count ratio is unaffected by proppant, after-frac count rates predicted from the ratio will also be unaffected. These computed/synthetic count rates will be greater than the observed after-frac count rates in intervals containing proppant. This paper will describe the results of applications of the new detectable proppant in wells in South Texas and Wyoming. The location of the detectable proppant was determined from analysis of before-frac and after-frac compensated neutron logs.
Practical application of objective picture quality measurements (1997)

Increasing use of compressed video methods in the generation and distribution of television programs has led to a requirement for objective picture quality measurement methods. Although traditional, indirect, signal quality measurements are still required for evaluation of the uncompressed part of the system, they are not adequate for evaluation of the compression-decompression process. Subjective testing methods are complex and time consuming and are only applicable for development purposes. They do not lend themselves to operational monitoring, production line testing or trouble shooting. Considering the variety of video compression methods and growing ease of data interconnection, measurement of resulting video quality must not be limited to a particular compression system. This paper describes the feature-extraction and picture-differencing objective picture quality measurement methods with reference to on-going research developments. Emphasis is placed on application of the human visual system model to picture-differencing as the preferred objective method. System requirements for application of the model are described in conjunction with a practical implementation of a measurement set.
Hemoglobin measurement patterns during noninvasive diffuse optical spectroscopy monitoring of hypovolemic shock and fluid replacement (2007)

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) for noninvasive optical monitoring of differentiating patterns of total tissue hemoglobin (THC), oxy- (OxyHb), and deoxyhemoglobin (DeOxyHb) concentrations during hypovolemic shock and subsequent fluid replacement with saline and whole blood. The goal of this DOS application is to determine the efficacy of resuscitation efforts at the tissue level rather than currently available indirect and invasive measurements of hemodynamic parameters. 16 New Zealand white rabbits are hemorrhaged 20% of their total blood volume. In resuscitated animals, shed blood volume is replaced with equal volume of crystalloid or whole blood (five animals each). Physiological variables (cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, hematocrit) are measured invasively, while (OxyHb) and (DeOxyHb) are measured during the interventions using broadband DOS. During the pure hypovolemic hemorrhages, the decrease in THC is mainly due to the decrease in (OxyHb), since the decrease in THC due to blood loss results in decreased tissue perfusion, with a resultant increased tissue extraction of oxygen. The hemorrhage with the whole blood resuscitation model shows significant changes in (OxyHb) during resuscitation phases due to the higher oxygen carrying capacity of whole blood, as opposed to the limited volume replacement effects and the decreased tissue oxygen content from the euvolemic anemia of the saline resuscitation. Broadband DOS noninvasive optical monitoring reveals distinct patterns of total tissue hemoglobin, oxy-, and deoxyhemoglobin during hemorrhage. Further studies are needed to confirm potential clinical utility and accuracy under more complex clinical conditions in animal models and patients.
Power control and space-time diversity for CDMA systems (2002)

Space-time diversity systems jointly with power control are proposed for uplink and downlink in CDMA systems. It is assumed that antenna arrays are deployed at base stations and omnidirectional antennas are used at mobiles. In uplink, the optimal combining weight vectors at RAKE receivers and mobile power allocations are calculated jointly, such that the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) at each base station is above a threshold, and mobile transmitted power is minimized. In downlink, transmit beamforming vectors are calculated to minimize the total transmit power and to set the SINR at each mobile to a target value. Further, an algorithm is proposed which maximizes the minimum SINR in a network. A system is considered where base stations use multibranch transmit diversity systems and mobiles use RAKE receivers. A scheme is proposed to jointly calculate the transmit space-time vectors and receiver optimum combining weight vectors such that the SINR requirement at each link is satisfied.
Academic Outcomes: Behavioral Parent Training vs. Central Executive Training vs. Inhibitory Control Training for ADHD (2021)

Objective: Central executive training (CET) is a ‘level 2’ evidence-based treatment for improving ADHD-related executive dysfunction and behavioral symptoms, but the extent to which these gains extend to the disorder’s well-documented academic difficulties is unknown. Method: Across two clinical trials, 108 children with ADHD 8-13 years old (M=10.29, SD=1.50; 32 girls; 75% White/Non-Hispanic) were treated with CET (n=52), inhibitory control training (ICT; n=29), or gold-standard behavioral parent training (BPT; n=27). Results: CET was superior to BPT and ICT (d=0.62-0.88) for improving masked teacher perceptions of academic success, impulse control, and academic productivity at 1-2 months post-treatment. At 2-4 month follow-up, CET (d=0.76) and ICT (d=0.54) were superior to BPT for improving objectively-tested academic achievement overall (reading comprehension, math problem-solving, language comprehension), and CET was superior to ICT (d=0.56) for improving math problem-solving. The significant benefits of CET on academic success, academic productivity, reading comprehension, and math problem-solving replicated across both trials and were clinically significant as evidenced by low number needed to treat estimates (NNT=3-7) and significantly higher proportions of individual cases demonstrating reliable improvements in academic success/productivity (33%-36% vs. 0%-18%) and achievement (38%-72% vs. 18%-54%) across outcomes (all p&lt;.01). Conclusions: Results across the two trials provide strong support for the efficacy of CET for ADHD, and are consistent with model-driven hypotheses that academic difficulties in ADHD are due, in part, to these children’s underdeveloped executive functioning abilities.
Wide Bandwidth, Low Loss 1 by 4 Wavelength Division Multiplexer on Silicon for Optical Interconnects (2011)

We demonstrate an add/drop filter based on coupled vertical gratings on silicon. The concept is extended to implement a 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer with 3nm bandwidth, 1dB insertion loss and 16dB crosstalk suppression.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHENE SYSTEMS. 5. THIENO(3,4‐B)(1,5)BENZOXAZEPINES, THIENO(3,4‐B)(1,5)BENZOTHIAZEPINES, AND THIENO(3,4‐B)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINES AS POTENTIAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS (1981)

Abstract Aus den Lactamen (I) erhält man über die Chloride (II) mit Piperazinen (III) die Substitutionsprodukte (IV) in mäßigen Ausbeuten.
Modulation of inhibition of ferrochelatase by <i>N</i>-methylprotoporphyrin (2006)

Protoporhyrin IX ferrochelatase catalyses the terminal step of the haem-biosynthetic pathway by inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX. NMPP (N-methylprotoporphyrin), a transition-state analogue and potent inhibitor of ferrochelatase, is commonly used to induce haem deficiency in mammalian cell cultures. To create ferrochelatase variants with different extents of tolerance towards NMPP and to understand further the mechanism of ferrochelatase inhibition by NMPP, we isolated variants with increased NMPP resistance, bearing mutations in an active-site loop (murine ferrochelatase residues 248–257), which was previously shown to mediate a protein conformational change triggered by porphyrin binding. The kinetic mechanisms of inhibition of two variants, in which Pro255 was replaced with either arginine (P255R) or glycine (P255G), were investigated and compared with that of wild-type ferrochelatase. While the binding affinity of the P255X variants for NMPP decreased by one order of magnitude in relation to that of wild-type enzyme, the inhibition constant increased by approximately two orders of magnitude (Kiapp values of 1 μM and 2.3 μM for P255R and P255G respectively, as against 3 nM for wild-type ferrochelatase). Nonetheless, the drastically reduced inhibition of the variants by NMPP was not paralleled with a decrease in specificity constant (kcat/Km, protoporhyrin IX) and/or catalytic activity (kcat). Further, although NMPP binding to either wild-type ferrochelatase or P255R occurred via a similar two-step kinetic mechanism, the forward and reverse rate constants associated with the second and rate-limiting step were comparable for the two enzymes. Collectively, these results suggest that Pro255 has a crucial role in maintaining an appropriate protein conformation and modulating the selectivity and/or regiospecificity of ferrochelatase.
Digitally controlled wide range pulse width modulator for on-chip power supplies (2013)

A digitally controlled current starved pulse width modulator is described in this paper. The current from the power grid to the ring oscillator is controlled by a header circuit. By changing the header current, the pulse width of the switching signal generated at the output of the ring oscillator is dynamically controlled, permitting the duty cycle to vary between 50% and 90%. A duty cycle to voltage converter is used to ensure the accuracy of the system under process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The accuracy and performance of the proposed digitally controlled pulse width modulator is evaluated with 22 nm CMOS predictive technology models under PVT variations. The proposed pulse width modulator is appropriate for dynamic voltage scaling systems due to the small on-chip area and high accuracy under process, voltage, and temperature variations. Although the frequency of the switching signal is affected by changes in the duty cycle, the frequency variations are typically negligible.
High speed, low duty cycle variation level shifter for ring oscillators (2019)

A high-speed level shifter for ring oscillators is presented. It uses a tracking mechanism to reduce the duty cycle variation due to Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT). Extensive simulations across PVT and Monte Carlo mismatch show that the proposed level shifter can operate at up to 6GHz with maximum duty cycle degradation of ±5%. The proposed level shifter is designed in 16nm FinFET technology and works for a core supply voltage and temperature range of 0.8V ± 10% and −40ºC to 125ºC, respectively.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression through laser gain competition: scalability to high power (2010)

We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in a Yb-doped fiber amplifier by seeding with a combination of broad- and single-frequency laser beams that are separated sufficiently to suppress four-wave mixing and to allow for efficient laser gain competition between the two signals. In the experiment, a monolithic fiber configuration was used. With appropriate selection of seed power ratio, we were able to generate single-frequency 1064 nm light with a slope efficiency of 78% while simultaneously suppressing the backscattered Stokes light. We discuss scalability to high power wherein a large thermal gradient can be induced at the output end of the fiber via quantum defect heating, leading to an SBS suppression factor comparable to counterpumping.
Enhanced photoemission from short-wavelength photochemically etched porous silicon (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhanced photoemission from short-wavelength photochemically etched porous siliconVincent V. Doan, Reginald M. Penner, and Michael J. SailorCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 17, 4505–4508Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100119a042https://doi.org/10.1021/j100119a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Miniature high-resolution accelerometer utilizing electron tunneling (1992)

New methods have been developed to implement high-resolution position sensors based on electron tunneling. These methods allow miniaturization while utilizing the position sensitivity of electron tunneling to give high resolution. A single-element tunneling accelerometer giving a displacement resolution of 0.002 A/sq rt Hz at 10 Hz, corresponding to an acceleration resolution of 5 x 10 exp -8 g/sq rt Hz, is described. A new dual-element tunneling structure which overcomes the narrow bandwidth limitations of a single-element structure is described. A sensor with an operating range of 5 Hz to 10 kHz, which can have applications as an acoustic sensor, is discussed. Noise is analyzed for fundamental thermal vibration of the suspended masses and is compared to electronic noise. It is shown that miniature tunnel accelerometers can achieve resolution such that thermal noise in the suspended masses is the dominant cause of the resolution limit. With a proof mass of order 100 mg, noise analysis predicts limiting resolutions approaching 10 exp -9 g/sq rt Hz in a 300 Hz band and 10 exp -8 g/sq rt Hz at 1 kHz.