gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal, Not Systemic Inflammation Is Correlated With Multiple Sclerosis Severity, Especially in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> To test the hypothesis that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients have increased peripheral inflammation compared to healthy donors and that this systemic activation of the immune system, reflected by acute phase reactants (APRs) measured in the blood, contributes to intrathecal inflammation, which in turn contributes to the development of disability in MS. <b>Methods:</b> Eight serum APRs measured in a prospectively-collected cross-sectional cohort with a total of 51 healthy donors and 291 untreated MS patients were standardized and assembled into related biomarker clusters to derive global measures of systemic inflammation. The resulting APR clusters were compared between diagnostic categories and correlated to equivalently-derived cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, correlations were calculated between biomarkers of systemic and intrathecal inflammation and MS severity measures, which predict future rates of disability progression. <b>Results:</b> While two blood APR clusters were elevated in MS patients, only one exhibited a weak correlation with MS severity. All CSF inflammation clusters, except CSF albumin, correlated with at least one measure of MS severity, with biomarkers of humoral adaptive immunity exhibiting the strongest correlations, especially in Progressive MS. <b>Conclusion:</b> Systemic inflammation does not appear to be strongly associated with intrathecal inflammation in MS. Positive correlations between markers of intrathecal inflammation, especially of humoral immunity, with MS severity measures support a pathogenic role of intrathecal (compartmentalized) inflammation in central nervous system tissue destruction, including in Progressive MS.
Integrated differential-mode and common-mode filter to mitigate the effects of long motor leads on AC drives (2010)

PWM AC drives generate high differential mode motor voltages due to the reflected wave phenomenon. The common-mode voltage produced by a PWM inverter also has fast transitions that result in high peak currents to ground. For low power AC drives this can present several issues, such as pump-up of the DC bus and failure of the power module due to high instantaneous currents that are often undetected because of the typical sampling algorithm used. In this paper, existing drive output filter solutions are reviewed and a new filter design is presented, which has integrated differential-mode and common-mode impedance with damping matched to typical cable surge impedance. This eliminates reflections of both differential-mode and common-mode traveling waves, and also reduces peak cable charging currents. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate that the new filter has improved performance to reduce motor differential-mode and common-mode voltage, and drive output common-mode current, thus mitigating the issues specifically seen with low power AC drives. Complete design details for the filter and a particular implementation of the integrated differential-mode and common-mode reactor are also presented.
Noise and dynamic range optimal computational imaging (2012)

Computational photography techniques overcome limitations of traditional image sensors such as dynamic range and noise. Many computational imaging techniques have been proposed that process image stacks acquired using different exposure, aperture or gain settings, but far less attention has been paid to determining the parameters of the stack automatically. In this paper, we propose a novel computational imaging system that automatically and efficiently computes the optimal number of shots and corresponding exposure times and gains, taking into account characteristics of the scene and sensor. Our technique seamlessly integrates the use of multiple capture for both High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging and denoising. The acquired images are then aligned, warped and merged in the raw Bayer domain according to a statistical noise model of the sensor to produce an optimal, potentially HDR and denoised image. The result is a fully automatic camera that constantly monitors the scene in front of it and decides how many images are required to capture it, without requiring the user to explicitly switch between different capture modalities.
A closed-form expression for write amplification in NAND Flash (2010)

The log-structured filesystems typically used in current solid-state drive's (SSD) exhibit write amplification, whereby multiple NAND writes are required for each host write. Write amplification negatively affects the SSD endurance and write throughput. This performance loss depends on the drive over-provisioning and the garbage collection method. This paper presents a novel probabilistic model to analytically quantify the impact of over-provisioning on write amplification under a uniformly-distributed random workload and a greedy garbage collection policy. The analysis shows write amplification approximately independent of NAND block size and number of blocks in the SSD. The analysis is verified by full drive simulations.
Development of a Wearable Vibrotactile Feedback Suit for Accelerated Human Motor Learning (2007)

When a human learns a new motor skill from a teacher, they learn using multiple channels: They receive high level information aurally about the skill, visual information about how another performs the skill, and at times, tactile information, from a teacher's physical guidance of the student. This research proposes a novel approach, the application of this tactile feedback through a robotic wearable system, while a student tries to learn from a teacher. Initial tests on a 5-DOF robotic suit show a decrease in motion errors of over 20%, and an accelerated learning rate of 7%, both conservative given the system setup and statistically very significant (p les 0.01). This research is intended in use of sports training, motor rehabilitation after neurological damage, dance, postural retraining for health, and many other contexts.
Synthesis of Cross-Linkable Telechelic Poly(butenylene)s Derived from Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2000)

The synthesis of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) chain transfer agents (CTA)s bearing methacrylate or epoxide end functionality was accomplished. In the presence of these CTAs, the ROMP of cyclooctadiene (COD) initiated with (PCy3)2Cl2RuCHPh afforded the respective telechelic poly(butenylene)s with either methacrylate or epoxide end groups. Control over the polymer molecular weight was demonstrated by varying the COD/CTA ratio. Successful cross-linking by thermal or photochemical initiation of the bis(methacrylate)-functionalized telechelic poly(butenylene)s or through acid catalysis of the bis(epoxide)-functionalized telechelic poly(butenylene)s was accomplished. While cross-linking was found to reduce solubility of the polymers, it greatly enhanced their thermal stability.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 6‐Aryl‐3,8‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo(3,4‐a)phthalazines. (1989)

Abstract The 1‐hydrazino‐4‐arylphthalazines (V) are prepared from the corresponding 2‐aroylbenzoic acids (I) by conventional cyclocondensation and substitution reactions.
A Ratiometric CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystal pH Sensor (2006)

The development of a reversible chemical sensor based on a CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal (NC) is described. Signal transduction is accomplished by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the NC and a fluorescent pH-sensitive squaraine dye attached to the surface of the NC. The efficiency of FRET, and consequently the relative intensity of NC and dye emissions, is modulated with the pH-dependent absorption cross section of the squaraine dye. The design of a NC sensor based on FRET results in a ratiometric sensor since the emission intensities of dye and NC may be referenced to the isosbestic point between NC and dye emissions. The ratiometric approach allows sensing to be performed, regardless of issues surrounding collection efficiency (scattering environment, light fluctuations, etc.) and dye:NC loadings.
Ambient-Temperature Passive Magnetic Bearings for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (2000)

Based on prior work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearings are being adapted for use in high-power flywheel energy storage systems developed at the Trinity Flywheel Power company. En route to this goal specialized test stands have been built and computer codes have been written to aid in the development of the component parts of these bearing systems. The Livermore passive magnetic bearing system involves three types of elements, as follows: (1) Axially symmetric levitation elements, energized by permanent magnets., (2) electrodynamic ''stabilizers'' employing axially symmetric arrays of permanent magnet bars (''Halbach arrays'') on the rotating system, interacting with specially wound electrically shorted stator circuits, and, (3) eddy-current-type vibration dampers, employing axially symmetric rotating pole assemblies interacting with stationary metallic discs. The theory of the Livermore passive magnetic bearing concept describes specific quantitative stability criteria. The satisfaction of these criteria will insure that, when rotating above a low critical speed, a bearing system made up of the three elements described above will be dynamically stable. That is, it will not only be stable for small displacements from equilibrium (''Earnshaw-stable''), but will also be stable against whirl-type instabilities of the types that can arise from displacement-dependent drag forces, or from mechanical-hysteritic losses that may occur in the rotor. Our design problem thus becomes one of calculating and/or measuring the relevant stiffnesses and drag coefficients of the various elements and comparing our results with the theory so as to assure that the cited stability criteria are satisfied.
Light Field Perception Enhancement for Integral Displays (2018)

Light fields can be captured by plenoptic cameras and observed on integral displays supporting auto-stereoscopic viewing and full parallax. However due to the limited aperture of plenoptic cameras and the resampling process needed to overcome the resolution mismatch between the capturing and displaying devices, the perceived parallax of the resampled light fields is considerably reduced, limiting the viewing experience. We propose a light field retargeting technique that enhances the perceived parallax by first slicing the captured light fields according to their disparity, and then translating these slices with proper magnitudes and directions prior to the resampling stage. The resampled light field conserves enough parallax to be perceived in the target display. The developed technique gives users control over the depth of field and the axial location of the rendered objects as seen through the integral display.
RF-powered micromechanical clock generator (2016)

A micromechanical circuit has been demonstrated that harnesses resonant mechanical impact switching to convert received RF energy (at -58dBm) into a local 1-kHz clock output while consuming less than 17.5nW of local battery power, which is 57 times lower than the 1μW of a typical real-time clock (RTC). The principal enabler here is a micromechanical resonant switch (“resoswitch”) that first accepts incoming ASK or FSK clock-modulated RF energy at a carrier frequency, filters it to remove unwanted interferers, provides power gain via resonant impact switching, and finally envelop detects impact impulses to demodulate and recover the clock waveform from the carrier. Since the resulting time domain waveform derives from the presumably very stable clock signal that originally modulated the RF carrier, the resulting local clock can share its accuracy. By dispensing with the need for a positive feedback sustaining amplifier, such a 1-kHz RF-powered mechanical clock generator driving an on-chip inverter gate capacitance of 5fF can potentially operate with only 5pW of battery power, which is 200,000 times lower than the typical RTC! Using an off-chip inverter with 17.5pF of effective capacitance, the current laboratory demonstration at 1-kHz consumes a still tiny 17.5nW.
Single stage primary side controlled offline flyback LED driver with ripple cancellation (2014)

A primary side controlled offline Flyback LED driver is an very attractive LED driver solution due to its low component cost and high efficiency. However, as any other single-stage LED driver, it produce significant low frequency ripple current. In this paper, an innovative primary side controlled Flyback LED driver with low frequency ripple cancellation has been proposed. The low frequency ripple current has been greatly reduced while maintaining multiple primary side controlled LED driver advantages, such as high efficiency, low component cost, and low design complexity. A 35W, 50V-0.7A universal input experimental prototype has been built to verify the proposed technology.
Continued development of room temperature semiconductor nuclear detectors (2010)

Thallium bromide (TlBr) and related ternary compounds, TlBrI and TlBrCl, have been under development for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy due to several promising properties. Due to recent advances in material processing, electron mobility-lifetime product of TlBr is close to Cd(Zn)Te's value which allowed us to fabricate large working detectors. We were also able to fabricate and obtain spectroscopic results from TlBr Capacitive Frisch Grid detector and orthogonal strip detectors. In this paper we report on our recent TlBr and related ternary detector results and preliminary results from Cinnabar (HgS) detectors.
Performance of semiconductor current filament lasers (2002)

We present performance and modeling results for a new class of semiconductor laser that can potentially produce much more short pulse energy than conventional (injection-pumped) semiconductor lasers. High energy operation is possible because this new laser is not limited in volume or aspect ratio by the depth of a p-n junction. These lasers are created from current filaments in semi-insulating GaAs where low-field avalanche carrier generation produces a high-density, charge-neutral plasma channel having the required carrier density distribution for lasing. We have tested current filament semiconductor lasers (CFSL) that have produced 75 nJ of 890 nm light in 1.5 ns (50 W peak), approximately ten times more energy than conventional lasers. Current filaments as long as 3.4 cm and several hundred microns in diameter have been observed in our high-gain GaAs photoconductive switches. The smallest dimension of these filaments can be more than 100 times the carrier diffusion length in GaAs. It is this large active volume that enables the observed high laser output energy. This paper reports spectral narrowing, lasing thresholds, beam divergence, temporal narrowing, and energies for several configurations of CFSL. We also discuss results from models developed to simulate the unusual gain phenomena and mechanism for obtaining transparency within the electron-hole plasma of the current filament.
Synthesis and anti-juvenile hormone activity of 1-substituted-5-((E)-2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadienyl)imidazoles. (1985)

A new series of 1-substituted-5-[(E)-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 5-heptadienyl]imidazoles were prepared and bioassayed for anti-juvenile hormone activity on the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The compounds induced unequivocal precocious metamorphosis in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae by topical application. Of the compounds tested, l-benzyl-5-[(E)-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 5-heptadienyl] imidazole (KK-42) proved to be the most active compound eliciting 100% of precocious pupation at 2 μg/larva on the 4th instar larvae. The E isomer showed considerably higher activity than the corresponding Z isomer. The anti-juvenile hormone effect of KK-42 was counteracted by simultaneous application of JH I or methoprene.
Prospective, Long-Term Comparison of Quality of Life in Laparoscopic Versus Open Ventral Hernia Repair (2012)

In the largest, prospective QOL study comparing LVHR and OVHR, LVHR is associated with a decrease in QOL in the short term. LOS and infection rates are decreased in LVHR, but overall complication and recurrence rates are equal.
Cyanide biodegradation by fungi (2001)

The aim of this chapter is to review the biodegradation of cyanide and its metal complexes by fungi. However, since the degradation of cyanides by bacteria is in many ways similar to that of fungi, bacterial cyanide metabolism will also be considered. There are also many examples of the degradation and utilization of organic cyanides (nitriles) by both bacteria and fungi, although these are outside the scope of this article and will not be examined. For completion, the ability of fungi to produce cyanide (cyanogenesis) will be briefly discussed, as cyanogenic species have the ability to biotransform or biodegrade cyanide. Reviews that cover more specific aspects of microbial cyanide metabolism include Knowles (1976, 1988), Knowles & Bunch (1986), Raybuck (1992), and Dubey & Holmes (1995).
16 Some Strategies and Methods for the Study of Prions (2004)

The discovery of the prion protein (PrP) by enriching fractions prepared from scrapie-infected hamster brains transformed research on the prion diseases. Prior to identification of PrP 27–30, the protease-resistant core of the misfolded, disease-causing PrP isoform (PrP Sc ), almost all studies of prions required bioassays. With the isolation of PrP 27–30, the tools of molecular cloning, genetics, immunology, cell biology, and structural biology could be applied to study prions. Many different areas of prion disease can now be investigated using a wide variety of approaches. Recombinant PrP expressed in bacteria or mammalian cells can be isolated in large quantities and used for structural studies (Hornemann and Glockshuber 1996; Mehlhorn et al. 1996; Blochberger et al. 1997). The biology of PrP Sc formation as well as the molecular pathogenesis of prion diseases can be studied in cultured cells and transgenic (Tg) mice. Similarly, potential therapeutics might be evaluated by measuring the inhibition of PrP Sc formation in scrapie-infected cultured cells or Tg mice. Immunoassays for PrP Sc show great promise as tools to diagnose prion disease rapidly and to screen for subclinical cases in humans and domestic animals (Safar et al. 1998Safar et al. 2002; Biffiger et al. 2002). Because the particle-to-infectivity (P/I) ratio for prions is ~10 5 PrP Sc molecules per ID 50 unit (Prusiner et al. 1983), it may be possible to develop an immunoassay that is 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than bioassays in animals. The biology of prions is sufficiently advanced that there are now several reasonably rational approaches available for the development...
Comparative sequence analysis of the eastern equine encephalitis virus pathogenic strains FL91-4679 and GA97 to other north american strains (2005)

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus is a significant public health concern due to the high mortality rates observed in infected humans, equines and game birds. The EEE genomic sequences available prior to this report are based on laboratory strains with unknown passage histories that may contain an array of cell culture adaptations. Here we report the complete genomic sequences of two recently isolated EEE pathogenic strains with low passage histories. FL91-4697 was isolated in Florida from Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and GA97 was derived from brain tissue of a human fatality that occurred in 1997. Sequence alignment of these new genomes with the documented EEE's permitted us to generate a North American consensus sequence and identify regions of significant diversity. Sequence analysis of the FL91-4679 genome was essential to the production of an EEE infectious clone that is being used to create live attenuated vaccine candidates.
Enhancing the efficiency of CdTe solar cells using a nanocrystalline iron pyrite film as an interface layer (2015)

We use thin film nanocrystalline (NC) iron pyrite as an interface layer at the back contact of CdS/CdTe solar cells. In both spattered and CSS deposited CdTe devices, improvements in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> and FF were obtained after the inclusion of the NC FeS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer. Repeated tests show that Voc increases by >30 mV and FF increases by ~3.5% for a standard CdTe device having efficiency of ~13%. The devices tested at STC show a relative increase in the power conversion efficiency in the range of 5% to 9%.
Glycoprotein H (gII/gp108) and glycoprotein L form a functional complex which plays a role in penetration, but not in attachment, of bovine herpesvirus 1 (1996)

The glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) play important roles in the interactions between virions and target cells. A 108 kDa glycoprotein, designated gII or gp 108, has been identified by two different panels of monoclonal antibodies. The gII- and gp 108-specific monoclonal antibodies were shown to react with the same protein, which was identified by N-terminal sequencing as the homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gH. When BHV-1 gH was purified by immunoadsorbent chromatography, gL was co-purified. The gH-gL complex induced the production of antibodies that neutralized virus infectivity and inhibited virus penetration. Affinity-purified gH-gL did prevent penetration, but not attachment of BHV-1, which suggests that the gH-gL complex is essential for penetration of BHV-1 into susceptible cells.
Effect of coil positioning and orientation of the quadruple butterfly coil during transcranial magnetic stimulation (2021)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is a proven technique that is safe and considered very effective when compared to conventional brain surgery or drug therapy. Researchers and clinicians are interested in understanding the distribution of the induced electric field (E-Field) during TMS and determining its effectiveness in treating neurological disorders. TMS studies are primarily focused on enhancing the focality and depth of penetration of the induced electric field in order to increase its effectiveness. Coil orientation has been confirmed to have an effect on the magnitude and direction of the induced E-Field. In this paper, we study the effect of the orientation of the novel Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) on the distribution of the induced E-Field. Finite element analyses were conducted with the orientation of the QBC in steps of 15° over the vertex of two head models and about the transverse (XY –) plane and coronal (XZ –) plane of the head model. The maximum electric field intensity (E-Max) and stimulated volume of the brain (V-Half) were computed and compared to determine the optimal coil orientation.