gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pencil-Drawn Chemiresistive Sensor for Free Chlorine in Water (2017)

Free chlorine concentration in drinking water is an important control parameter throughout the distribution network, since both too-low and too-high concentrations can lead to health hazards, with 0.5-2 ppm being a typically acceptable range. Although colorimetric and electrochemical methods exist for measuring free chlorine, they require either the addition of chemicals during manual sampling or maintenance intensive instrumentation, such as reference electrodes. We have previously demonstrated a simple, reliable, reagent-fee solid-state chemiresistive sensor for continuous monitoring of aqueous free chlorine concentrations based on a functionalized carbon nanotube film. Here, we show that the same sensing principle can be translated to lower cost materials-as simple as a line drawn between two contacts using a free IKEA pencil. While IKEA (HB grade, about 70% graphite) pencils work well enough for quantitative free chlorine sensors, the use of 9B grade pencils (90% + graphite) results in higher sensitivity. Bare pencil line sensors show a nonselective response to a wide range of aqueous species; pencil lines functionalized with a redox-active aniline oligomer (phenyl-capped aniline tetramer), however, are highly selective to oxidant species, namely free chlorine, in a demonstrated range of 0.06-60 ppm. The resulting sensors are cost-effective, durable, resettable, reusable, and resistant to fouling. In contrast to electrochemical sensors, they do not require the use of a reference electrode. They can be operated continuously online for drinking water quality monitoring.
Non-halogenated solvent-processed highly efficient green Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 23% for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2020)

High efficiency green phosphorescent Ir(<sc>III</sc>) complexes with solubilizing groups introduced to enable non-halogenated solvent-based fabrication of PHOLEDs with high EQE and CE values.
Neural Stem Cells Engrafted in the Adult Brain Fuse with Endogenous Neurons (2012)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have become promising tools for basic research and regenerative medicine. Intracerebral transplantation studies have suggested that these cells may be able to adopt neuronal phenotypes typical of their engraftment site and to establish appropriate connections in the recipient circuitries. Here, we examined the in vivo neurogenic competence of well-characterized NSC lines subjected to in vitro priming and subsequent implantation into the adult intact mouse brain. Upon implantation into the hippocampus and, less frequently, in the striatum and in the cerebral cortex, numerous green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged cells acquired differentiated features indistinguishable from resident neurons. Upon closer examination, however, we found that this outcome resulted from fusion of donor cells with local neuronal elements generating long-term persistent GFP(+) neuronal hybrids. This fusogenic behavior of NSCs was unexpected and also observed in coculture with E18 hippocampal immature neural cells, but not with microglia or astrocytes. Similar findings were consistently obtained with different NSC lines, mouse recipients, and donor cell-labeling methods. The frequent and cell type-specific fusion of donor NSCs with host neurons highlights a previously underestimated biological property of the nervous tissue that might prove profitable for basic and therapeutically oriented studies.
Efficient Support of XQuery Update Facility in XML Enabled RDBMS (2012)

XQuery Update Facility (XQUF), which provides a declarative way of updating XML, has become recommendation by W3C. The SQL/XML standard, on the other hand, defines XMLType as a column data type in RDBMS environment and defines the standard SQL/XML operator, such as XML Query() to embed XQuery to query XMLType column in RDBMS. Based on this SQL/XML standard, XML enabled RDBMS becomes industrial strength platforms to host XML applications in a standard compliance way by providing XML store and query capability. However, updating XML capability support remains to be proprietary in RDBMS until XQUF becomes the recommendation. XQUF is agnostic of how XML is stored so that propagation of actual update to any persistent XML store is beyond the scope of XQUF. In this paper, we show how XQUF can be incorporated into XML Query() to effectively update XML stored in XMLType column in the environment of XML enabled RDBMS, such as Oracle XMLDB. We present various compile time and run time optimisation techniques to show how XQUF can be efficiently implemented to declaratively update XML stored in RDBMS. We present how our approaches of optimising XQUF for common physical XML storage models: native binary XML storage model and relational decomposition of XML storage model. Although our study is done using Oracle XMLDB, all of the presented optimisation techniques are generic to XML stores that need to support update of persistent XML store and not specific to Oracle XMLDB implementation.
Leveraging Pre-Trained Language Model for Speech Sentiment Analysis (2021)

In this paper, we explore the use of pre-trained language models to learn sentiment information of written texts for speech sentiment analysis.First, we investigate how useful a pre-trained language model would be in a 2-step pipeline approach employing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and transcripts-based sentiment analysis separately.Second, we propose a pseudo label-based semi-supervised training strategy using a language model on an end-to-end speech sentiment approach to take advantage of a large, but unlabeled speech dataset for training.Although spoken and written texts have different linguistic characteristics, they can complement each other in understanding sentiment.Therefore, the proposed system can not only model acoustic characteristics to bear sentimentspecific information in speech signals, but learn latent information to carry sentiments in the text representation.In these experiments, we demonstrate the proposed approaches improve F1 scores consistently compared to systems without a language model.Moreover, we also show that the proposed framework can reduce 65% of human supervision by leveraging a large amount of data without human sentiment annotation and boost performance in a low-resource condition where the human sentiment annotation is not available enough.
Cooperative binding of androgen receptors to two DNA sequences is required for androgen induction of the probasin gene. (1994)

The functional and structural interactions of two androgen receptor-binding sites in the 5'-flanking DNA of the rat probasin gene were determined. Deletion mapping and DNase I footprinting analysis had previously identified two androgen receptor-binding sites (ARBS) necessary for androgen induction of the probasin gene: ARBS-1, which resembled a glucocorticoid-responsive element, and ARBS-2, which had a unique sequence. In this study, maximal androgen induction in transient transfection studies only occurred when both sites were present. Neither binding site functioned independently, and deletion of the DNA sequence between the sites resulted in a 60% loss of androgen inducibility. Moreover, point mutations in either ARBS-1 or ARBS-2 led to > 90% loss in activity. Scatchard analysis indicated that ARBS-1 and ARBS-2 bound a synthetic androgen receptor, AR2, with Kd values of 20.0 and 6.7 nM, respectively. Consistent with the higher affinity, ARBS-2 bound AR2 at half the threshold concentration (200 ng) of that required in reciprocal DNase I footprinting experiments with ARBS-1. By comparison, protection occurred at a much lower threshold concentration of AR2 (60 ng) and to the same extent over each site when both sites were present, suggesting a cooperative interaction between the two sites. The cooperative effect was further substantiated when a point mutation in ARBS-1 blocked AR2 binding not only to ARBS-1, but also to ARBS-2. Similarly, a point mutation in ARBS-2 also prevented receptor binding to both sites. Androgen-specific regulation of probasin gene transcription therefore required an androgen-responsive region (positions -286 and +28) containing two androgen receptor-binding sites, where the binding of the androgen receptor to both sites occurred in a cooperative, mutually dependent manner.
Calibration of distributed sound acquisition systems using TOA measurements from a moving acoustic source (2014)

We present a method for calibrating a distributed microphone array using time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. The calibration encompasses localization and gain equalization of the microphones, which are both important in applications such as beamforming. The availability of accurate TOA measurements between the microphones and a set of spatially distributed acoustic events is pivotal to the calibration task. We propose to use a moving acoustic source emitting a calibration signal at known intervals. We then show that the TOAs and the observed signals can be used to estimate the gain differences between microphones in addition to the more established microphone localization. Finally, we provide experimental results with simulated and real measured data to demonstrate that our approach facilitates accurate TOA measurements and hence, accurate localization and gain equalization, even in reverberant and noisy conditions.
Viral-mediated Labeling and Transplantation of Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Cells for <em>In Vivo</em> Studies (2015)

GABAergic cortical interneurons, derived from the embryonic medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE), are functionally and morphologically diverse. Inroads have been made in understanding the roles of distinct cortical interneuron subgroups, however, there are still many mechanisms to be worked out that may contribute to the development and maturation of different types of GABAergic cells. Moreover, altered GABAergic signaling may contribute to phenotypes of autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. Specific Cre-driver lines have begun to parcel out the functions of unique interneuron subgroups. Despite the advances in mouse models, it is often difficult to efficiently study GABAergic cortical interneuron progenitors with molecular approaches in vivo. One important technique used to study the cell autonomous programming of these cells is transplantation of MGE cells into host cortices. These transplanted cells migrate extensively, differentiate, and functionally integrate. In addition, MGE cells can be efficiently transduced with lentivirus immediately prior to transplantation, allowing for a multitude of molecular approaches. Here we detail a protocol to efficiently transduce MGE cells before transplantation for in vivo analysis, using available Cre-driver lines and Cre-dependent expression vectors. This approach is advantageous because it combines precise genetic manipulation with the ability of these cells to disperse after transplantation, permitting greater cell-type specific resolution in vivo.
Integrated Diver Display Mask (IDDM) System for Special Diving Applications (2002)

The United States Navy’s Coastal Systems Station (CSS) - Panama City, Florida has developed an Integrated Diver Display Mask (IDDM) system for special diving applications. The IDDM contains a miniature liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, multi-element optics, microcontroller, depth transducer, RF (radio frequency) receiver, replaceable battery, and controlling software – all built directly into a dive mask. The miniature LCD displays the diver’s depth, bottom time, and bottle pressure. In addition, the display has a number of annunciators that are illuminated when certain warning, or limit conditions are reached (i.e. ascent/descent rate too fast, low bottle pressure, or low battery). The multi-element optical lens provides a clear, highly magnified image of the LCD which is viewable regardless of environmental conditions. A commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) RF transmitter module transmits the diver’s bottle pressure to the mask. The system is operational to depths of 135 FSW. The IDDM Project was funded by the Office of Special Technology (EOD/LIC Program), Ft. Washington, Maryland. It was conducted as a joint-development project under a Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (NCRADA - NSWCCSS-98-015) between the US Navy’s Coastal Systems Station of Panama City, Florida; and American Underwater Products, Inc. (parent company of Oceanic USA and Pelagic Pressure Systems) of San Leandro, California. The paper will describe the development of the IDDM system and suggest military, scientific, and other special applications for this unique diving technology.
From Chlorobenzene to a Carbohydrate in Two Steps. A New Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-erythruronolactone (1993)

Controlled oxidation of chloroepoxide V with two equivalents of sodium periodate furnished 2,3- O -isopropylidene-D-erythruronolactone ( I ) in 63% yield. This procedure was augmented by combining the protection of diol III , the oxidation of acetonide IV to V , and the subsequent oxidative cleavage to I into one operation which yielded, on medium scale, the title lactone in 51% yield. detailed procedure of preparation and physical constants are provided for lactone I .
Effect of nontoxigenic <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i> on aflatoxin contamination of wounded peanut seeds inoculated with agricultural soil containing natural fungal populations (2009)

Abstract Peanuts and other seed and grain crops are commonly contaminated with carcinogenic aflatoxins, secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in the field can be reduced by 77–98% with biological control through the application of nontoxigenic strains of these species, which competitively exclude native aflatoxin-producing strains from developing peanuts. In this study, viable peanut seeds were artificially wounded and inoculated with field soil containing natural fungal populations that were supplemented with conidia of nontoxigenic A. flavus NRRL 21882 (niaD nitrate-nonutilizing mutant) and A. parasiticus NRRL 21369 (conidial color mutant). Increasing soil densities of applied nontoxigenic strains generally resulted in an increase in the incidence of seed colonization by applied nontoxigenic strains, a decrease in seed colonization by native A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and a decrease in aflatoxin concentration in seeds. Reduction of aflatoxins in peanut seeds depended on both the density and the aflatoxin-producing potential of native populations and on the fungal strain used for biological control. Wild-type strain A. flavus NRRL 21882 and its niaD mutant were equally effective in reducing aflatoxins in peanuts, indicating that nitrate-nonutilizing mutants, which are easily monitored in the field, can be used for evaluating the efficacy of biocontrol strains.
Magnetic-Field Dependence of the Noise in a Magnetoresistive Sensor Having MEMS Flux Concentrators (2006)

We report the dc and ac magnetic field dependence of the low-frequency noise in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator device containing a giant magnetoresistance spin valve (SV). The noise is dominated by resistance fluctuations having a magnetic origin. Under nominally zero magnetic-field biasing conditions, the noise power is large and varies rapidly with small changes in magnetic field. Metastability between distinct resistive states is observed and can be suppressed with the application of a moderate longitudinal field. Stationary flux concentrators do not contribute excess noise, rather the dominant source of noise is the SVs themselves. This result indicates that the device is likely to increase the sensitivity of many magnetic sensors at low frequencies by orders of magnitude
<title>Analysis and applications of photonic crystals coupled waveguide theory</title> (2002)

Theory of coupled photonic crystal for both synchronous as well as asynchronous waveguided systems is presented. Techniques for analyzing symmetric (even) and anti-symmetric (odd) polarized modes in coupled photonic crystals waveguides are presented. Techniques used include plane wave expansion method (PWM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD). Results obtained from both techniques are shown to be in good agreement. Applications presented include, frequency selective filter, splitter, and switch.
Frequency-domain equalization for distributed terrestrial DTV transmission environments (2006)

The 8-VSB modulation, the transmission standard for the terrestrial digital television (DTV) of the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), suffers from multipath fading because it conveys information on the amplitude. To solve this problem, decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) have been commonly used in the terrestrial DTV receivers. However, under severe channels, such as a 0-dB ghost channel or a distributed transmission environment, the DFEs have shown unstable convergence due to the error propagation caused by decision errors. Instead of unstable time-domain DFE schemes, by proposing a frequency-domain direct-inversion equalization method, we achieve stable equalization and low symbol error rates. To secure the existence of a channel inverse, channel-matched filtering and noncausal filtering are carried out before equalization. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs much better than the existing DFE schemes in terms of both the stability and the symbol error rates.
A SUPERIOR SYNTHESIS OF CHOLINERGIC ANABASEINE (1995)

(1995). A SUPERIOR SYNTHESIS OF CHOLINERGIC ANABASEINE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 510-513.
On Statistical Estimation of Fault Efficiency for Path Delay Faults Based on Untestable Path Analysis (2005)

We propose a method to estimate fault efficiency of test patterns for path delay faults. In path delay fault testing, fault coverage of test patterns is usually very low, because circuits have not only a lot of paths but also a lot of untestable paths. Although fault efficiency would be better metric to evaluate test patterns rather than fault coverage, it is too difficult to compute it exactly, if we do not compute the total number of untestable paths exactly. The proposed method samples a part of paths after untestable path analysis, and estimate fault efficiency based on the percentage of untestable paths in the sample paths. Through our experimental results, we show that the proposed method can accurately estimate fault efficiency of test patterns in a reasonable time. Also, since the accuracy of fault efficiency estimated with the proposed method depends on how to sample the paths, we look into the influence of path sampling methods to the accuracy in the experiments.
On the performance evaluation of trellis codes (1987)

Generating function techniques for analyzing the error event and the bit-error probabilities for trellis codes are considered. The conventional state diagram approach for linear codes where the number of states is equal to the number of trellis states cannot be applied directly to arbitrary trellis codes, and instead, a state diagram where the number of states is equal to the square of the number of trellis states must be used. It is shown that for an interesting class of trellis codes a modified generating function can be defined for which the number of states {\em is equal to} the number of trellis states. The class of codes considered includes trellis codes of rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R=(n-1)/n</tex> based upon set partitioning whenever the first partition breaks the signal constellation into two subsets which have the same "configuration matrix," i.e., the same ordered set of mutual distances. The complexity of calculating this modified generating function is the same as for the ordinary generating function of a convolutional code with the same number of trellis states. Bounds on the performance of some interesting codes are given based upon this method.
On the dynamic resistance and reliability of phase change memory (2008)

A novel characterization metric for phase change memory based on the measured cell resistance during RESET programming is introduced. We show that this dasiadynamic resistancepsila (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) is inversely related to the programming current (I), as R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = [A/I] + B. While the slope parameter A depends only on the intrinsic properties of the phase change material, the intercept B also depends on the effective physical dimensions of the memory element. We demonstrate that these two parameters provide characterization and insight into the degradation mechanisms of memory cells during operation.
Correlations between physical and physiological properties of various preparations of lung surfactant. (1986)

The physical and physiological properties of natural surfactant were investigated after the addition of various synthetic lipids. Three types of surfactant were studied: 1. Bovine surfactant with rapid spreading (1.6 s) and a relatively high minimal surface tension during surface compression (16 mN/m). 2. The same surfactant enriched with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), tripalmitin, and palmitic acid showing slow spreading (55 s) and low minimal surface tension (5 mN/m). 3. The same surfactant enriched with DPPC and dipalmitin, showing rapid spreading (1.8 s) and low minimal surface tension (6 mN/m). The physiological properties of these surfactants were evaluated in immature newborn rabbits. All three preparations effectively improved lung expansion and stability in pressure-volume recordings, increased tidal volumes during artificial ventilation, and enhanced alveolar volume density in histological sections. The magnitude of the therapeutic effects was similar for non-enriched and enriched materials. Thus, wide variations in in vitro surface properties do not seem to influence the in vivo activity of the surfactant preparations.
A high-performance host interface for ATM networks (1991)

The advent of high speed networks has increased demands on processor architectures.
Demonstration of Distinct Agonist and Antagonist Conformations of the A1 Adenosine Receptor (1989)

A1 adenosine receptor-binding subunits can be visualized using high affinity antagonist and agonist photoaffinity radioligands. In the present study, we examined whether agonists and antagonists bind to the same receptor-binding subunit and if agonists and antagonists induce different conformational states of the receptor in intact membranes. It was demonstrated that several agonist and antagonist photoaffinity receptor-binding subunit. When the agonist and antagonist photoaffinity labeled peptides were denatured and subjected to partial peptide map analysis using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system similar peptide fragments were generated from each specifically labeled protein. This suggests that both classes of ligand label and incorporate into the same binding subunit. Proteolytic digestions of agonist- and antagonist-occupied receptors in native intact membranes revealed distinct and different peptide fragments depending on whether the ligand was an agonist or an antagonist. Manipulation of incubation conditions to perturb ligand-receptor interactions alter the pattern of peptide fragments generated with each specific protease. These data suggest that agonist and antagonist photoaffinity probes interact with an incorporate into the same binding subunit but that agonist binding is associated with a unique and detectable receptor conformation.