gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as Electrolyte Stabilizing Additive for Lithium Ion Batteries (2011)

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is used as an electrolyte stabilizing additive for lithium ion battery. The effects of DMAc on the enhancements of electrolyte thermal stability and the solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on graphite anode and LiFePO4 cathode were investigated via a combination of electrochemical methods, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DMC/DEC (1/1/1,weight ratio) electrolyte with 1% DMAc incorporation can be stable at 85 °C for over 6 months without precipitation and color change. In addition, the addition of 1% dimethylacetamide (DMAc) can significantly improve the cyclic performance of a LiFePO4/graphite cell at elevated temperature. These improved performances are ascribed to the enhancement of the thermal stability of the electrolyte and the modification of SEI components on graphite anode and LiFePO4 cathode. The explicit working mechanism of DMAc stabilizing LiPF6-based electrolyte is also discussed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Should oxyhaemoglobin saturation be monitored continuously during the 6-minute walk test? (2011)

Guidelines for conducting the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) indicate that oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO( 2)) should not be monitored constantly during the test. The aim of this study was to determine whether the nadir SpO(2) differs from the end-6MWT SpO(2) in patients with chronic respiratory disease. A total of 86 subjects underwent the 6MWT according to a standardized protocol with continuous monitoring of SpO(2) by pulse oximeter. Comparison of nadir SpO(2) and end SpO(2) was made and the proportion of subjects with important desaturation according to each measure was determined. The effect of resting during the 6MWT on the likelihood of a significant difference between nadir and end SpO(2) was evaluated. A total of 29 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; mean [SD] forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)] 51[21] % predicted) and 57 with interstitial lung disease (ILD; TLCO 49[18] % predicted) were studied. Nadir SpO(2) was slightly lower than end-test SpO(2) (median 87% vs. 88%, p < 0.001) with differences ranging from 1% to 10%. Those who rested during the test (n = 14) were more likely to have a significant difference between nadir SpO(2) and end SpO(2) (p = 0.04). End SpO(2) did not accurately identify desaturation in 21% of subjects. No differences between COPD and ILD were observed. For most patients with chronic respiratory disease, the end SpO(2) and the nadir SpO( 2) are similar during the 6MWT. However, the end SpO(2) does not give an accurate estimate of nadir SpO(2) in patients who rest. Consideration should be given to the constant monitoring of SpO(2) during the 6MWT.
Molecular Necklaces. Cross-Linking Hemoglobin with Reagents Containing Covalently Attached Ligands (1999)

Hemoglobin can be cross-linked and converted to a bioconjugate in one step by a "molecular necklace", a reagent that contains two reacting sites and a pendant ligand. The compound to be conjugated is activated as an electrophile. The activated material is then combined with a reagent (3-aminoisophthalic acid) that contains a nucleophilic (amino) site and two latent (carboxyl) sites. The latent sites of the product are activated as 3,5-dibromosalicylates to produce the cross-linker. Illustrative examples of cross-linking are presented with pendant biotin [bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) N-biotinyl-5-aminoisophthalate] and pendant N-trifluoroacetyl-L-isoleucylglycine [bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) N-(N-trifluoroacetyl-L-isoleucylglycyl)-5-aminoisophthalate) ]. The resulting modified hemoglobins contain two principal types of cross-link: (beta-Lys-82-beta'-Lys-82) and (alpha-Lys-99-alpha'-Lys-99). The functional properties of the modified hemoglobin containing biotin in a (beta-Lys-82-beta'-Lys-82) cross-link are (pH 7.4, 55 microM heme, 25 degrees C, 0.1 M chloride, and 50 mM Bis-Tris) P(50) = 4.9 Torr, n(50) = 3.0, values which are approximately the same as for native hemoglobin. The results of affinity chromatography of the biotinylated cross-linked hemoglobin using a column of immobilized avidin indicate that the pendant biotin is much less accessible than free biotin. We suggest that the results are consistent with the pendant species being strongly attracted into the hemoglobin environment.
Development of opinion-based audiovisual quality models for desktop video-teleconferencing (2002)

This paper discusses the analysis of an audiovisual desktop video-teleconferencing subjective experiment conducted at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences. Objective models of the individual audio and video quality are presented. Also discussed is an objective model of the audiovisual quality based upon the results of the individual objective audio and video quality models. Finally, a subjective model of audiovisual quality based upon users' ratings of the audio and video quality is discussed.
Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells proliferate in vitro in response to human hepatocyte growth factor. (1992)

In previous studies, intrahepatic human biliary epithelial cells (BEC) were isolated in high purity. However, these cells demonstrated only limited growth responses. Here we report that human BEC proliferate in response to human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF), retain BEC-specific phenotype, and can be serially passaged. BEC showed dose-dependent growth in response to 0.01-100 ng/ml hHGF. The maximum S-phase labeling index reached 40% with half-maximal stimulation at 1 ng/ml. The response of cells from normal and primary biliary cirrhotic liver to hHGF was similar. Cultures were immunostained with specific antibodies and then processed for [3H]thymidine autoradiography. Proliferating cells expressed BEC-specific markers (HEA125 and CK-19), but were negative for desmin and factor VIII-related antigen. Occasional vimentin-positive cells were observed, but these were nonproliferative. In conclusion, cells responding to hHGF were clearly BEC in origin. The observation that HGF is mitogenic for BEC as well as hepatocytes has important implications. First, greater yields of intrahepatic BEC are available for subsequent studies of the pathogenesis and etiology of diseases of the biliary epithelium. Secondly, some means of regulating the cellular response to HGF in vivo must operate, in that HGF levels rise early after partial hepatectomy and yet BEC proliferate 24 h later than hepatocytes.
Werner Syndrome Protein (1998)

Werner Syndrome (WS) is a human progeroid disorder characterized by genomic instability. The gene defective in WS encodes a 3' --> 5' DNA helicase (Gray, M. D., Shen, J.-C., Kamath-Loeb, A. S., Blank, A. , Sopher, B. L., Martin, G. M., Oshima, J., and Loeb, L. A.(1997) Nat. Genet. 17, 100-103). Sequence alignment analysis identified an N-terminal motif in WRN that is homologous to several exonucleases. Using combined molecular genetic, biochemical, and immunochemical approaches, we demonstrate that WRN also exhibits an integral DNA exonuclease activity. First, whereas wild-type recombinant WRN possesses both helicase and exonuclease activities, mutant WRN lacking the nuclease domain does not display exonucleolytic activity. In contrast, WRN proteins with defective helicase activity are active in exonucleolytic digestion of DNA. Second, the exonuclease co-purifies with the 160-kDa WRN protein and its associated DNA helicase and ATPase activities through successive steps of ion exchange and affinity chromatography, suggesting that all three activities are physically associated. Lastly, anti-WRN antiserum specifically co-precipitates the WRN helicase and exonuclease activities indicating that both activities reside on the same antigenic WRN polypeptide. The association of an exonuclease with WRN distinguishes it from other RecQ homologs and raises the possibility that the distinct phenotypic characteristics of WS may be due in part to a defective exonuclease.
Behaviour Of Cryptophane Molecules In Gas Media (2005)

The synthetic molecules of the cryptophane family present in solution the property to capture selectively neutral molecular species, the size of which is well adapted to the host cavity. Specially, cryptophane A, the smallest of the serie exhibited an amazing affinity towards methane. In this work, the behavior of cryptophanes deposited on substrates and put in contact with gas (methane, air, hydrogen) has been investigated in view to determine their potential properties as new chemical receptors in sensor application. Preliminary results show the influence of the deposition technique on the response of device. Elaboration of mixed L.B. layer including cryptophanes seems to be a promissing way and give a specific signature of the interactions between cryptophanes A and methane.
Tailoring Exciton Dynamics by Elastic Strain‐Gradient in Semiconductors (2014)

In purely bent ZnO microwires, the excitons can be effectively driven and concentrated by the elastic strain-gradient towards the tensile outer side of the purely bent wire. Experimental and theoretical approaches are combined to investigate the dynamics of excitons in an inhomogeneous strain field with a uniform elastic strain-gradient. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy analysis on purely bent ZnO microwires verifies that excitons can be effectively driven and concentrated along the elastic strain-gradient.
IL-17A G197A and IL-17F T7488C polymorphisms and cancer risk in Asian populations: a meta-analysis. (2014)

The present meta-analysis showed the IL- 17A G197A polymorphism is associated with a significantly increased risk for specific forms of cancer, especially in gastric cancer. Subsequent studies with large sample size are warranted to validate this association.
Reinforcement Learning in Healthcare: A Survey (2019)

As a subfield of machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) aims at empowering one's capabilities in behavioural decision making by using interaction experience with the world and an evaluative feedback. Unlike traditional supervised learning methods that usually rely on one-shot, exhaustive and supervised reward signals, RL tackles with sequential decision making problems with sampled, evaluative and delayed feedback simultaneously. Such distinctive features make RL technique a suitable candidate for developing powerful solutions in a variety of healthcare domains, where diagnosing decisions or treatment regimes are usually characterized by a prolonged and sequential procedure. This survey discusses the broad applications of RL techniques in healthcare domains, in order to provide the research community with systematic understanding of theoretical foundations, enabling methods and techniques, existing challenges, and new insights of this emerging paradigm. By first briefly examining theoretical foundations and key techniques in RL research from efficient and representational directions, we then provide an overview of RL applications in healthcare domains ranging from dynamic treatment regimes in chronic diseases and critical care, automated medical diagnosis from both unstructured and structured clinical data, as well as many other control or scheduling domains that have infiltrated many aspects of a healthcare system. Finally, we summarize the challenges and open issues in current research, and point out some potential solutions and directions for future research.
Neurochemical Mechanisms in Soman-induced Seizures (1997)

This study examined brain regional neurotransmitter level changes as a function of seizure duration following soman intoxication. Rats, implanted with cortical electrodes and pretreated with HI-6, received a convulsant dose of soman. At selected times after seizure onset the EEG recording electrodes were removed and the animal was killed. Spinal cord cholinesterase (ChE) activity was rapidly and maximally depressed, while brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels showed elevations as early as 3 min after soman treatment and reached significantly high levels at time of seizure onset. Norepinephrine (NE) levels decreased starting 5 min after seizure onset and continued to decline. Levels of dopamine (DA) and of its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were elevated as early as 5 min after seizure onset and thereafter. The brain levels of aspartate were markedly decreased at and after 20 min of seizures; levels of glutamate were depressed at 80 min in the cortex. Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were significantly increased in the cortex starting at 20 min after seizure onset, and in the striatum and hippocampus at 80 min after onset. The levels of glutamine, glycine and taurine were not changed at any time studied. These findings are consistent with the notion that inhibition of ChE and elevation of ACh initiate the seizure process, resulting in secondary changes in DA turnover and release of NE, and later changes in excitatory (aspartate, glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) amino acid transmitters.
Implications of NVM Based Storage on Memory Subsystem Management (2020)

Recently, non-volatile memory (NVM) has advanced as a fast storage medium, and legacy memory subsystems optimized for DRAM (dynamic random access memory) and HDD (hard disk drive) hierarchies need to be revisited. In this article, we explore the memory subsystems that use NVM as an underlying storage device and discuss the challenges and implications of such systems. As storage performance becomes close to DRAM performance, existing memory configurations and I/O (input/output) mechanisms should be reassessed. This article explores the performance of systems with NVM based storage emulated by the RAMDisk under various configurations. Through our measurement study, we make the following findings. (1) We can decrease the main memory size without performance penalties when NVM storage is adopted instead of HDD. (2) For buffer caching to be effective, judicious management techniques like admission control are necessary. (3) Prefetching is not effective in NVM storage. (4) The effect of synchronous I/O and direct I/O in NVM storage is less significant than that in HDD storage. (5) Performance degradation due to the contention of multi-threads is less severe in NVM based storage than in HDD. Based on these observations, we discuss a new PC configuration consisting of small memory and fast storage in comparison with a traditional PC consisting of large memory and slow storage. We show that this new memory-storage configuration can be an alternative solution for ever-growing memory demands and the limited density of DRAM memory. We anticipate that our results will provide directions in system software development in the presence of ever-faster storage devices.
Activation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors on mouse anterior pituitary tumor cells increases cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate synthesis and adrenocorticotropin release (1983)

AtT-20 cells comprise a mouse anterior pituitary tumor cell line that synthesizes and secretes adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). beta- Adrenergic receptors were characterized on AtT-20 cells using receptor binding methodology and the ability of beta-receptor agonists to stimulate intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP) formation and the release of ACTH immunoreactivity. The density of beta- receptors on membrane preparations of these cells is 64 fmol/mg of protein and their affinity constant (KD value) for tritiated dihydroalprenolol is 11 nM. The binding of [3H] dihydroalprenolol to AtT-20 cells is stereoselectively inhibited by propranolol and isoproterenol but is not affected by phentolamine. The beta-receptors on these cells appear to be of the beta 2-receptor subtype since a selective beta 2-receptor agonist, salmefamol, can inhibit [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding, whereas practolol, a beta 1-receptor blocker, is ineffective. (-)-Isoproterenol stimulates cAMP formation in AtT-20 cells and this effect is blocked by dl-propranolol. Both l- epinephrine and l-norepinephrine induce dose-dependent increases in cAMP formation with the former agonist being more potent. Salmefamol also stimulates cAMP formation in these cells. The secretion of ACTH from AtT-20 cells is induced by (-)-isoproterenol as well as by other adrenergic agonists. The isoproterenol effect on ACTH release is stereoselective, calcium dependent, and blocked by dl-propranolol but not by phentolamine or practolol.
Surface roughness observation by scanning tunneling microscopy using a monolithic parallel spring (1994)

A new scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and its application to surface roughness observation are described. Precision two-dimensional positioning of our STM instrument was achieved with a two-dimensional parallel spring driven by two stacked piezoelectric actuators (PZT), so that the mutual interference effect between x- and y-axis displacements is very small. The PZT for the z-axis displacement and control was mounted on the monolithic parallel spring. Therefore, the mutual interference effect of three-dimensional displacements is negligible. We have applied this STM to observation of surface roughness. A block gauge and a gold thin film evaporated on glass plates are observed at the constant-current mode and the zero bias voltage.
Protein C in human plasma determined by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay with use of a centrifugal analyzer. (1988)

We describe the simple and rapid enzyme immunoassay of protein C in human plasma with use of a Cobas Fara centrifugal analyzer. The antibody, labeled with horseradish peroxidase, is reacted with antigen (protein C) for 15 min. The peroxidase activity of the resulting antigen-antibody conjugate is measured at 500 nm for 5 min in the presence of excess H2O2, phenol, and 4-aminoantipyrine, as compared with that of free conjugates. Results are calculated from a stored standard curve and expressed as a percentage of the value determined for a pooled specimen of normal adult plasma. The standard curve is linear from 0% to 200%. The CV is generally less than 4% for different concentrations of protein C. In liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, therapy with warfarin, thrombosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, protein C concentrations are about 40-70% of normal. Results obtained with the present homogeneous enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (r = 0.97).
An 8-Gb GDDR6X DRAM Achieving 22 Gb/s/pin With Single-Ended PAM-4 Signaling (2021)

Demand for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) bandwidth has outpaced DRAM transistor performance. Given the options of major process investment to scale beyond sixth-generation graphics double-data-rate (GDDR6) or replace GDDR6 with costly high bandwidth memory (HBM), this article presents a solution that simultaneously increases pin and energy efficiency through the integration of four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) into the single-ended memory interface. Building upon the existing GDDR6 architecture, evolutionary modifications to input, output, clocking, and data path, along with the component package design, enable a per-pin data rate of more than 22 Gb/s.
"Dry-column" chromatography. A new technique for the undergraduate laboratory (1973)

In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography is used to determine the number of compounds in a prepared dye mixture and "dry-column" chromatography is used to separate the mixture into its components.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinases 10 and 17 modulate the immunogenicity of glioblastoma-initiating cells (2013)

Therefore, ADAM10 and ADAM17 constitute suitable targets to boost an immune response against GIC.
Biosynthesis of C<sub>20</sub> and C<sub>22</sub> Fatty Acids by Developing Seeds of <i>Limnanthes alba</i> (1980)

The storage triacylglycerols of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seeds are composed essentially of C(20) and C(22) fatty acids, which contain an unusual Delta5 double bond. When [1-(14)C]acetate was incubated with developing seed slices, (14)C-labeled fatty acids were synthesized with a distribution similar to the endogenous fatty acid profile. The major labeled product was cis-5-eicosenoate, with smaller amounts of palmitate, stearate, oleate, cis-5-octadecenoate, eicosanoate, cis-11-eicosenoate, docosanoate, cis-5-docosenoate, cis-13-docosenoate, and cis-5,cis-13-docosadienoate. The label from [(14)C]acetate and [(14)C]malonate was used preferentially for the elongation of endogenous oleate to produce cis-[(14)C]11-eicosenoate, cis-13-[(14)C]docosenoate, and cis-5,cis-13-[(14)C]docosadienoate and for the elongation of endogenous palmitate to produce the remaining C(20) and C(22) acyl species. The Delta5 desaturation of the preformed acyl chain and chain elongation of oleate and palmitate were demonstrated in vivo by incubation of the appropriate 1-(14)C-labeled free fatty acids. Using [1-(14)C]acyl-CoA thioesters as substrates, these enzyme activities were also demonstrated in vitro with a cell-free homogenate.
Properties of Cd and Zn partial electrolyte treated CIGS solar cells (2003)

We study the influence of Cd partial baths on the photovoltaic properties of CuInGaSe/sub 2/ (CIGS) and CuInGaSSe/sub 2/ (CIGSS) thin film absorbers. We find that efficient solar cells can be fabricated by this treatment, and we compare their properties; with those containing CdS window layers grown by chemical bath deposition. The results suggest that Cd plays a dominant role in establishing efficient photovoltaic junctions in Cu InSe/sub 2/ alloys. Micron scale photoluminescence scans show non-uniformity along the length probed. Cd treatment quenches one of the luminescence transitions, which indicates a change in shallow acceptor level density. We present a model that helps to explain the evolution of photovoltaic action.
Construction of Amperometric Immunosensors Based on the Electrogeneration of a Permeable Biotinylated Polypyrrole Film (2004)

The construction of amperometric immunosensors to cholera antitoxin immunoglobulins were shown to have improved sensitivity when the cholera toxin B subunit biorecognition entity was linked to an electrogenerated biotinylated polypyrrole film copolymerized with pyrrole-lactobionamide monomer. The copolymer exhibits greater film permeability than biotinylated polypyrrolic or polyphenolic films for the permeation of electroactive species. Hence, when the presence of the HRP marker of the immunoassay was determined using hydroquinone, the production of electroactive quinone was shown to permeate faster to the electrode, thus providing a faster response time.