gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolved strains of Scheffersomyces stipitis achieving high ethanol productivity on acid- and base-pretreated biomass hydrolyzate at high solids loading (2015)

Robust S. stipitis strains adapted to perform very well in enzyme hydrolyzates of high solids loading ammonia fiber expansion-pretreated corn stover (18% weight per volume solids) and dilute sulfuric acid-pretreated switchgrass (20% w/v solids) were obtained. Improved features include reduced initial lag phase preceding growth, significantly enhanced fermentation rates, improved ethanol tolerance and yield, reduced diauxic lag during glucose-xylose transition, and ability to accumulate >40 g/L ethanol in <167 h when fermenting hydrolyzate at low initial cell density of 0.5 absorbance units and pH 5 to 6.
Empirical results for wideband multidimensional spectrum usage (2009)

Cognitive Radio (CR) systems with spectrum awareness feature is a promising approach to use spectrum effectively. However, accurate modeling of spectrum utilization is crucial for the development and performance evaluation of such systems. Hence, in this paper, a wideband multidimensional spectrum occupancy measurement campaign is conducted to study the evolution of RF spectrum over time, frequency, and space dimensions simultaneously. The measurements are performed over three consecutive days considering 700-3000 MHz frequency band at four different locations concurrently. The measurement results show low utilization of the 700-3000 MHz frequency band with different utilization percentage at each location. Furthermore, the measurements confirm that the spectrum occupancy highly depends on the time, frequency, and location. As a result, multidimensional spectrum measurement and analysis are vital for accurate spectrum utilization modeling and performance evaluation of CR systems.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for malaria diagnosis and intradermal measurements (2018)

The biomarkers of many diseases such as malaria can be found in intradermal measurements. We will present two surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based methods for the detection of malaria biomarkers in blood, which are comparable to or outperform the standard clinical method. To eliminate the need of drawing blood, we will also report a stainless-steel microneedle based probe for direct intradermal SERS measurements. Moreover, we developed a deformable agarose needle to reduce the risk of sharp injury and cross contamination due to needle reuse. Tests in skin phantoms for glucose measurements demonstrated accuracy comparable to those traditional methods requiring blood drawing.
Conflict-free vector access using a dynamic storage scheme (1991)

An approach whereby conflict-free access of any constant stride can be made by selecting a storage scheme for each vector based on the accessing patterns used with that vector is considered. By factoring the stride into two components, one a power of 2 and the other relatively prime to 2, a storage scheme that allows conflict-free access to the vector using the specified stride can be synthesized. All such schemes are based on a variation of the row rotation mechanism proposed by P. Budnik and D. Kuck (ibid., vol.C-20. no.12, pp.1566-9, Dec. 1971). Each storage scheme is based on two parameters, one describing the type of rotation to perform and the other describing the amount of memory to be rotated as a single block. The performance of the memory under access strides other than the stride used to specify the storage scheme is also considered. Modeling these other strides represents a vector being accessed with multiple strides as well as situations when the stride cannot be determined prior to initializing the vector. Simulation results show that if a single buffer is added to each memory port, then the average performance of the dynamic scheme surpasses that of the interleaved scheme for arbitrary stride accesses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of chirped fibre gratings using etchedtapers (1995)

A technique for fabricating fibre gratings with an accurately controlled chirp profile is demonstrated. The technique involves writing a grating over a section of fibre, the cladding of which has been tapered by etching it in HF acid. A strain gradient along the taper is used to produce the chirp either during or after writing. Linearly chirped gratings with bandwidths up to 4.8 nm have been demonstrated. Transmission filters have also been demonstrated when a step is made in the taper.
Fiber Bragg grating sequential UV-writing method with real-time interferometric side-diffraction position monitoring (2005)

This work presents a new sequential UV-writing procedure for fabricating long fiber Bragg grating (FBG) devices. To real-time accurately align the position of every exposed FBG section prior to UV exposure, a single-period reference fiber grating with strong refractive index modulation is probed by applying an interferometric side-diffraction method to measure the grating phase as the position reference. In this way the overlapped FBG sections can be connected section-by-section without obvious phase errors, even when the written index-modulation is weak.
Impact of Filtering Upon Ventricular Tachycardia Identification by Correlation Waveform Analysis (1991)

Signal analysis of digitized waveforms has been postulated as a method for improving sensitivity and specificity of ventricular tachycardia (VT) detection in implantable antitachycardia devices. Such improvement may alleviate the problem of unwarranted delivery of therapy by adding precision to the identification of the pathological VT. Morphological analysis could also allow distinct therapies to be initialized for multiple VTs in the same patient. Correlation waveform analysis (CWA) has been demonstrated to be effective in separating benign rhythms from VT in wideband recordings (1-500 Hz) but the effect of filtering has not been previously examined. Bipolar (1 cm) intraventricular recordings (1-500 Hz) of sinus rhythm (SR) and 25 distinct VTs in 18 patients were analyzed by CWA using a signal-averaged SR template. Passages contained 65.9 +/- 19.8 VT depolarizations (range 45-108). Digital filtering was performed on all data passages with varying passbands. Results for passages with a bandwidth of 1-250 Hz were equivalent to wideband results, i.e., greater than or equal to 92% paired sets of SR and VT were separable at a 95% confidence level. A bandwidth of 1-100 Hz decreased discrimination to 84%. At a bandwidth of 1-80 Hz, 80% of cases were successfully separated, but at 10-80 Hz these results improved to 88%. Bandwidths of 20-80 and 30-80 Hz reduced reliability of CWA performance to 72% and 60%, respectively. Filtering at typical pacemaker/defibrillator passbands produced morphological analysis results equivalent to those yielded at wideband settings. Differences in the range between SR versus VT decreased in filtered recordings but overall detection of VT was not degraded.
Schottky barrier focal plane arrays with charge skimming and variable integration time (1991)

Presented is a technique for implementing the functions of charge skimming and variable integration time in Schottky-barrier focal plane arrays (FPAs) that utilize a field plate. This technique requires only pulsing the field plate that lies over the diode and is currently DC biased to suppress diode edge leakage. Therefore, no additional structure is needed in the silicon substrate, and the basic readout clocking is unaffected. Any interline transfer FPA can benefit from this approach. Both qualitative theory and confirming experimental results are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Terabit Optical Access Networks Based on WDM-OFDMA-PON (2011)

Next-generation optical access networks are envisioned to evolve into a converged, high-speed, multiservice platform supporting residential, business, mobile backhaul, and special purpose applications. Moreover, bandwidth demand projections suggest that terabit aggregate capacity may need to be reached in such next-generation passive optical networks (PON). To satisfy these requirements while leveraging the large investments made in existing fiber plants, a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM)-based long-reach PON architecture combined with a multiple access technology that features a passive last-mile split, large per-λ speeds, and statistical bandwidth multiplexing can be exploited. In this paper, the first terabit PON based on hybrid WDM orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology is proposed and experimentally verified. To enable high-speed, long-reach transmission with simplified optical network unit (ONU)-side digital signal processing, multiband OFDMA with ONU-side sub-band selectivity is proposed. Design challenges and tradeoffs between analog and digital domain sub-band combining and selection are also discussed. Finally, the experimental setup and results of the first 1.2 Tb/s (1 Tb/s after overhead) symmetric WDM-OFDMA-PON over 90 km straight single-mode fiber and 1:32 passive split, featuring multiband OFDMA, digitally selective ONUs, and a coherent-receiver OLT are presented and analyzed. By supporting up to 800 ONUs with 1.25/10 Gb/s guaranteed/peak rates and exhibiting a record rate-distance product achieved in long-reach PON, the demonstrated architecture may be viewed as promising for future converged terabit optical metro/access.
RhoA Signaling Is Required for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Syncytium Formation and Filamentous Virion Morphology (2005)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. RSV infection of HEp-2 cells induces the activation of RhoA, a small GTPase. We therefore asked whether RhoA signaling is important for RSV replication or syncytium formation. The treatment of HEp-2 cells with Clostridium botulinum C3, an enzyme that ADP-ribosylates and specifically inactivates RhoA, inhibited RSV-induced syncytium formation and cell-to-cell fusion, although similar levels of PFU were released into the medium and viral protein expression levels were equivalent. Treatment with another inhibitor of RhoA signaling, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, yielded similar results. Scanning electron microscopy of C3-treated infected cells showed reduced numbers of single blunted filaments, in contrast to the large clumps of long filaments in untreated infected cells. These data suggest that RhoA signaling is associated with filamentous virus morphology, cell-to-cell fusion, and syncytium formation but is dispensable for the efficient infection and production of infectious virus in vitro. Next, we developed a semiquantitative method to measure spherical and filamentous virus particles by using sucrose gradient velocity sedimentation. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the separation of spherical and filamentous forms of infectious virus into two identifiable peaks. The C3 treatment of RSV-infected cells resulted in a shift to relatively more spherical virions than those from untreated cells. These data suggest that viral filamentous protuberances characteristic of RSV infection are associated with RhoA signaling, are important for filamentous virion morphology, and may play a role in initiating cell-to-cell fusion.
Reading challenging barcodes with cameras (2009)

Current camera-based barcode readers do not work well when the image has low resolution, is out of focus, or is motion-blurred. One main reason is that virtually all existing algorithms perform some sort of binarization, either by gray scale thresholding or by finding the bar edges. We propose a new approach to barcode reading that never needs to binarize the image. Instead, we use deformable barcode digit models in a maximum likelihood setting. We show that the particular nature of these models enables efficient integration over the space of deformations. Global optimization over all digits is then performed using dynamic programming. Experiments with challenging UPC-A barcode images show substantial improvement over other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Temperature Compensation of Interferometric and Polarimetric Fiber-Optic Current Sensors With Spun Highly Birefringent Fiber (2019)

We theoretically and experimentally investigate intrinsic temperature compensation of interferometric and polarimetric fiber-optic current sensors with a coil of spun highly birefringent fiber operated in reflection mode. The interferometric sensor recovers the differential magneto-optic phase shift of the left- and right-handed circular (or slightly elliptical) polarization states in the fiber by means of non-reciprocal phase modulation, whereas the polarimetric sensor employs a simple passive polarization analyzer. We show that the two sensor types exhibit substantial differences in their response to temperature changes. The main parameters that determine the sensors' sensitivity to temperature are, besides the fiber's Verdet constant, the intrinsic birefringence of the spun fiber, the retardation of the fiber retarder at the coil entrance that generates the elliptical polarization states, and the angle α between the principal axes of the retarder and spun fiber. In particular, fringe contrast changes at varying fiber birefringence make the polarimetric sensor version significantly more sensitive to temperature. Furthermore, whereas in the interferometric sensor, the contribution of the fiber birefringence to the temperature dependence disappears for special fiber orientations (α = 0°, 90°), such an arrangement is not possible for the polarimetric sensor. Also, the response to changes in the retardation of the retarder shows different patterns for the two sensor types. In spite of the differences, we achieve intrinsic temperature compensation well within ±0.2% between -40 °C and 85 °C for both sensors by using the retarder contribution to balance the contributions from the Verdet constant, the fiber birefringence, and potential further effects of temperature.
A model for hepatic fibrosis: the competing effects of cell loss and iron on shortened modified Look-Locker inversion recovery<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>(shMOLLI-<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>) in the liver (2016)

1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:450-462.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of V(III)-Containing Phases of the Vanadium Organodiphosphonate System. Crystal Structures of the V(III) Species (H3O)[V3(O3PCH2CH2PO3)(HO3PCH2CH2PO3H)3] and of the Mixed Valence V(III)/V(IV) Material (H3O)2[(VO)V2(OH)2(O3PCH2CH2PO3)2].cntdot.H2O (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of V(III)-Containing Phases of the Vanadium Organodiphosphonate System. Crystal Structures of the V(III) Species (H3O)[V3(O3PCH2CH2PO3)(HO3PCH2CH2PO3H)3] and of the Mixed Valence V(III)/V(IV) Material (H3O)2[(VO)V2(OH)2(O3PCH2CH2PO3)2].cntdot.H2OVictoria Soghomonian, Robert C. Haushalter, and Jon ZubietaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 9, 1648–1654Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00057a011https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00057a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Induction of interleukin-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells by a cagA negative isogenic mutant of Helicobacter pylori. (1995)

The ability of Helicobacter pylori strains to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression and protein secretion from gastric epithelial cell lines in vitro is variable. This cellular response is associated with bacterial expression of the CagA protein present in type I H pylori strains. To determine the role of CagA in this host cell response, an isogenic cagA negative mutant, N6.XA3, was constructed. The cagA negative isogenic mutant and the wild-type parental cagA positive strain, N6, were cocultured with AGS, ST-42 and KATO-3 gastric epithelial cell lines and secreted interleukin-8 assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In all three cell lines there was no significant difference in the IL-8 secretion induced by the cagA negative isogenic mutant, N6.XA3, and the wild-type parent strain, N6. These studies show that CagA is not the inducer of IL-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells. As all wild-type CagA positive strains studied to date induce IL-8, the bacterial factor(s) inducing this inflammatory response is closely associated with the expression of CagA.
High-sensitivity polymer microring resonators for broadband ultrasound detection and imaging (2008)

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging traditionally uses piezoelectric transducers for transmission and reception of ultrasound
pulses. As the elements in the imaging array are reduced in size, however, the sensitivity will inherently decrease. We
have developed a new, optically-based ultrasound sensor using polymer microring resonators. The device consists of a
100μm-diameter polystyrene ring waveguide coupled to an input/output bus waveguide, and is fabricated by nanoimprint
lithography. Acoustic pressure causes change in the waveguide cross-section dimension and strain in the polystyrene
material, resulting in a change in the effective refractive index and a shift in resonant wavelength. The ultrasonic
waveform can be recovered from this modulation of optical output. The dynamic range and sensitivity of each microring
can be tuned appropriately by adjusting the Q during fabrication. Our experiments show a low noise-equivalent pressure
on the order of 1 kPa. Sensitivity has been measured by the application of known static pressure and a calibrated 20 MHz
ultrasound transducer. A simple 1D array is demonstrated using wavelength multiplexing. The angular response is
determined by sensing the optoacoustic excitation of a 49μm polyester microsphere and shows wide-angle sensitivity,
making the sensors useful for beamforming. The frequency response is relatively flat between DC and 40 MHz, and can
be extended further by choice of substrate material, limited only by the electrical bandwidth of the photodetector. The
high sensitivity, bandwidth, and angular response make it a potentially useful sensor platform for applications in
ultrasound imaging, dosimetry, and non-destructive testing.
Parametrically Excited Nonlinear Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester (2011)

A nonlinear piezoelectric wind energy harvester is proposed which operates at low wind speeds and is not sensitive to the speed of the gusts. The piezoelectric transduction mechanism is used instead of DC generators to eliminate the gearbox in the windmill and thus reduces the friction. The reduced friction facilitates operation of the windmill at low wind speeds. Permanent magnets have been placed in the blade part of the windmill. The magnets axially repel another set of magnets which are positioned at the tip of the piezoelectric beams. As a result, when the rotating magnets pass over the piezoelectric beams they excite the beams and affect the type of their vibrations. The nature of excitations in the proposed design is therefore both parametric excitations and ordinary excitations. The nonlinear magnetic axial force makes the vibrations of the beams nonlinear and can make the beams bi-stable. This phenomenon is utilized to enhance the power output and to improve the robustness of the power production. Two designs are presented which incorporate parametric and ordinary excitations to generate electric power. The performance of each design is examined through experimental investigations.
Immunodominant Major Outer Membrane Proteins of <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> Are Encoded by a Polymorphic Multigene Family (1998)

Several immunodominant major proteins ranging from 23 to 30 kDa were identified in the outer membrane fractions of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of a 28-kDa protein of E. chaffeensis (one of the major proteins) was determined. The gene (p28), almost full length, encoding the 28-kDa protein was cloned by PCR with primers designed based on the N-terminal sequence of the E. chaffeensis 28-kDa protein and the consensus sequence between the C termini of the Cowdria ruminantium MAP-1 and Anaplasma marginale MSP-4 proteins. The p28 gene was overexpressed, and antibody to the recombinant protein was raised in a rabbit. The antibody and serum from a patient infected with E. chaffeensis reacted with the recombinant protein, three proteins (29, 28, and 25 kDa) of E. chaffeensis, and a 30-kDa protein of E. canis. Immunoelectron microscopy with the rabbit antibody revealed that the antigenic epitope of the 28-kDa protein was exposed on the surface of E. chaffeensis. Southern blot analysis with a 32P-labeled p28 gene probe revealed multiple copies of genes homologous to p28 in the E. chaffeensis genome. Six copies of the p28 gene were cloned and sequenced from the genomic DNA by using the same probe. The open reading frames of these gene copies were tandemly arranged with intergenic spaces. They were nonidentical genes and contained a semivariable region and three hypervariable regions in the predicted protein molecules. One of the gene copies encoded a protein with an internal amino acid sequence identical to the chemically determined N-terminal amino acid sequence of a 23-kDa protein of E. chaffeensis. Immunization with the recombinant P28 protein protected mice from infection with E. chaffeensis. These findings suggest that the 30-kDa-range proteins of E. chaffeensis represent a family of antigenically related homologous proteins encoded by a single gene family.
Serologic and molecular detection of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island (1997)

A new indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) assay with antigen produced in vitro in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 was used to identify the first recognized case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island. This IFA assay was used to detect granulocytic ehrlichiae in white-footed mice and in a dog inhabiting the area surrounding the patient's residence. Host-seeking Ixodes scapularis ticks found in the same habitat also were infected. I. scapularis ticks collected from other locations were fed on dogs and New Zealand White rabbits to assess the competency of these species as hosts of granulocytotropic Ehrlichia. Tick-induced infections of dogs were confirmed by serologic testing, tissue culture isolation, and PCR amplification, whereas several rabbits seroconverted but were PCR and culture negative. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing of the PCR products or culture isolation was used to confirm granulocytic Ehrlichia infections in humans, dogs, white-footed mice, and ticks.