gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A radioassay for aminoacylproline hydrolase (aminopeptidase P) activity (1992)

A radioassay was developed in which aminoacylproline hydrolase acts on Arg-Pro-Pro-[3H]benzylamide to yield arginine plus Pro-Pro-[3H]benzylamide. By stopping the reaction with base (0.1 M NaOH), the radioactive product is deprotonated to an organophilic form and is separable from the hydrophilic substrate by extraction of the alkaline aqueous solution with an organic solvent. When scintillants are included in the organic solvent, the enzyme:substrate reaction, extraction and quantification of Pro-Pro-[3H]benzylamide can all be conducted using a single liquid scintillation vial. Thus, aminoacylproline hydrolase activity is measured in terms of the rate of release of Pro-Pro-[3H]benzylamide. The substrate is obtainable at greater than 20 Ci/mmol, which enables its use under conditions of first-order enzyme kinetics. Conditions of near-zero order kinetics are readily attained by adding unlabeled substrate (Km 0.7 microM). The substrate is highly reactive (a 1:2000 dilution of guinea pig plasma hydrolyzed greater than 10% of the substrate during a 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C) and specific in that it is not degraded by leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase A or N, dipeptidyl peptidase IV nor prolyl endopeptidase. The assay was used to measure aminoacylproline hydrolase specific activities in tissues of rat and guinea pig. Activity was found in virtually all major tissues of both species, and some guinea pig tissues (e.g. kidney and plasma) were found to be notably rich sources of the enzyme.
Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]BODIPY: Bifunctional Reporter for Hybrid Optical/Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (2012)

The best of both worlds: BODIPY-based imaging probes can be tracelessly transformed into hybrid PET/fluorescence imaging reagents by direct 19F/18F exchange without the need for redesign. This approach has the potential to accelerate not only the development of imaging agents, but perhaps also the screening of therapeutic molecules. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Surface multiple attenuation in seabeach‐shallow water, case study on data from the Bohai Sea (2010)

Surface related multiple elimination (SRME) method is known to have difficulties in attenuating shallow water multiples. Particularly, for water‐layer related multiples in very shallow water environment such as seabeach‐shallow water areas because the primary water‐bottom reflection that is required by SRME for predicting the multiples is not recorded due to near offset gap. Thus, in these situations, predictive deconvolution in either x‐t or tau‐p domain is often used in processing workflow to suppress this kind of multiples. However, deconvolution also attenuates primary events that have a periodicity close to that of the water‐layer. In this case study, we present a two‐step processing workflow for removing free‐surface multiples. Firstly, we use a multi‐channel prediction filter estimated from the multiples for attenuating water‐layer related multiples. Secondly, we apply SRME for suppressing other surface multiples generated by sub‐surfaces underneath the water‐bottom. We demonstrate that this workflow provides an optimal suppression of free‐surface multiples on marine data that have been recorded in the Bohai Sea offshore eastern China.
O-GlcNAc cycling modulates neurodegeneration (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Deoxyribonucleic acid bifunctional intercalators: kinetic investigation of the binding of several acridine dimers to deoxyribonucleic acid (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeoxyribonucleic acid bifunctional intercalators: kinetic investigation of the binding of several acridine dimers to deoxyribonucleic acidNicole Capelle, Jacques Barbet, Philippe Dessen, Sylvain Blanquet, Bernard P. Roques, and Jean Bernard Le PecqCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 15, 3354–3362Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00582a023https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00582a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2023)

Abstract The introduction establishes this book’s necessity in a rapidly changing world. This book dismantles some general assumptions about gender and show a path to greater gender inclusion in schools. The primary audience (educators) and secondary audience (parents) for the text are explained. This chapter underscores the crucial need to examine gender inclusion in schools from both systemic and personal perspectives. This chapter hints at the regressive nature of the present historical moment and points to divisive politics that muddy progress toward understanding and celebrating gender diversity. It also champions educators who have made tremendous efforts in embracing change.
The Root Hair Assay Facilitates the Use of Genetic and Pharmacological Tools in Order to Dissect Multiple Signalling Pathways That Lead to Programmed Cell Death (2014)

The activation of programmed cell death (PCD) is often a result of complex signalling pathways whose relationship and intersection are not well understood. We recently described a PCD root hair assay and proposed that it could be used to rapidly screen genetic or pharmacological modulators of PCD. To further assess the applicability of the root hair assay for studying multiple signalling pathways leading to PCD activation we have investigated the crosstalk between salicylic acid, autophagy and apoptosis-like PCD (AL-PCD) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The root hair assay was used to determine rates of AL-PCD induced by a panel of cell death inducing treatments in wild type plants treated with chemical modulators of salicylic acid synthesis or autophagy, and in genetic lines defective in autophagy or salicylic acid signalling. The assay demonstrated that PCD induced by exogenous salicylic acid or fumonisin B1 displayed a requirement for salicylic acid signalling and was partially dependent on the salicylic acid signal transducer NPR1. Autophagy deficiency resulted in an increase in the rates of AL-PCD induced by salicylic acid and fumonisin B1, but not by gibberellic acid or abiotic stress. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase-dependent salicylic acid synthesis pathway contributed only to death induced by salicylic acid and fumonisin B1. 3-Methyladenine, which is commonly used as an inhibitor of autophagy, appeared to influence PCD induction in all treatments suggesting a possible secondary, non-autophagic, effect on a core component of the plant PCD pathway. The results suggest that salicylic acid signalling is negatively regulated by autophagy during salicylic acid and mycotoxin-induced AL-PCD. However, this crosstalk does not appear to be directly involved in PCD induced by gibberellic acid or abiotic stress. This study demonstrates that the root hair assay is an effective tool for relatively rapid investigation of complex signalling pathways leading to the activation of PCD.
Universal holonomic quantum computing with cat-codes (2015)

Universal computation of a quantum system consisting of superpositions of well-separated coherent states of multiple harmonic oscillators can be achieved by three families of adiabatic holonomic gates. The first gate consists of moving a coherent state around a closed path in phase space, resulting in a relative Berry phase between that state and the other states. The second gate consists of colliding two coherent states of the same oscillator, resulting in coherent population transfer between them. The third gate is an effective controlled-phase gate on coherent states of two different oscillators. Such gates should be realizable via reservoir engineering of systems which support tunable nonlinearities, such as trapped ions and circuit QED.
Correlation of <i>in vivo</i> collagen degradation rate with <i>in vitro</i> measurements (1975)

The rate of in vitro enzymatic degradation of various materials based on collagen has been determined by a novel mechanochemical method, and has been compared with the extent of degradation resulting from subcutaneous implantation in guinea pigs. In vitro data correlate well with in vivo data. It is suggested that the simple in vitro method described is an effective means of screening a large number of materials based on collagen for their ability to resist degradation during implantation in animals.
UWB Bowtie 2 &#x00D7; 2 array antenna for UWB mobile communication system (2013)

In this paper, presented an array of 2 × 2 UWB Bowtie antennas for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) mobile communication is being proposed. The antenna designs have been simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna covers the UWB spectrum from 4.0 to 10.6 GHz, and had a return loss below than 10 dB throughout the entire band. A compact antenna area of 56.4 × 76.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is obtained. The material used is FR-4 epoxy glass substrate that has dielectric constant, ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 4.4 and the dielectric thickness; h = 1.6mm. The antenna also gives omni directional radiation characteristics with reasonable gain values over the same frequency band.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of (<i>E</i>)-Styrylbenzylsulfones as Novel Anticancer Agents (2007)

Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are formed at specific stages of the cell cycle and regulate the G1/S and G2/M phase transitions, employing a series of "checkpoints" governed by phosphorylation of their substrates. Tumor development is associated with the loss of these checkpoint controls, and this provides an approach for the development of therapeutic agents that can specifically target tumor cells. Here, we describe the synthesis and SAR of a novel group of cytotoxic molecules that selectively induce growth arrest of normal cells in the G1 phase while inducing a mitotic arrest of tumor cells resulting in selective killing of tumor cell populations with little or no effect on normal cell viability. The broad spectrum of antitumor activity in vitro and xenograft models, lack of in vivo toxicity, and drug resistance suggest potential for use of these agents in cancer therapy.
Graphene-assisted biosensing based on terahertz nanoslot antennas (2019)

We report on improvement of sensitivity for molecular detection utilizing terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Based on confining and enhancing electromagnetic field with metallic nanoslot antennas, we additionally employ monolayer graphene sheet whose edge and hydrophobic surface nature lead to increase detecting performance. Terahertz transmittance in monolayer graphene/metallic nanoslot structure exhibits more unambiguous change after lactose molecules are attached, compared to that in metallic nanoslot structure without monolayer graphene. We attribute the prominent change to that more lactose molecules are guided inside/near the metal gap region due to edge and hydrophobic surface nature of monolayer graphene. This monolayer graphene/metallic nanoslot structure can be expanded in other organic or bio-molecular detection.
Random anisotropy nematic model: Nematic–non-nematic mixture (2006)

The influence of a random-anisotropy- (RA-) type disorder on the phase separation of the nematogen-non-nematogen mixture is studied. A combination of the phenomenological Landau-de Gennes and Flory-Huggins theories is used. We assume that the non-nematogen component (i.e., impurity) enforces the RA disorder to the enclosing thermotropic liquid-crystal (LC) phase. The Imry-Ma argument is used according to which the lower-temperature phase exhibits a domain-type pattern. The disorder strength is measured in terms of the dimensionless parameter Lambda. We consider the case in which the LC molecules and impurities mix in the isotropic phase for Lambda=0. The impurities enforce a finite degree of orientational ordering even in the high-temperature paranematic phase. In the low-temperature phase they give rise to a domain-type structure, resulting in the distorted nematic (speronematic) phase. We show that the onset of orientational ordering increases the phase separation tendency. The RA field, however, opposes this tendency. With increasing value of Lambda the difference between the paranematic and speronematic ordering decreases. Consequently the structure of the phase-separated pattern can be much more complex in comparison to the Lambda=0 case.
A study of breast motion using non-linear dynamic FE analysis (2013)

To facilitate a theoretical analysis of breast motion to enable the design of more supportive bras, a dynamic FEM based on reliable non-linear properties of breast tissues has been developed. The methods and findings have potential widespread benefit for developing new products to promote women's health and comfort.
Experimental basis for the hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable substrate in different wastewaters (1999)

The conceptual framework for the hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable substrate is reviewed by means of a model evaluation of the OUR profiles resulting from different rate expressions and the merit of each proposed mechanism is evaluated on the basis of experimental results. The sensitivity of the experimental evaluation technique, with specific emphasis on parameter identifiability, is investigated in assessing the values of the maximum specific hydrolysis rate, kh and the half-saturation coefficient for hydrolysis, Kx. The results of extensive studies for the experimental assessment of the hydrolysis rate coefficients for both domestic sewage and a number of industrial wastewaters are summarized. Furthermore, the question of organics with different hydrolysis rates is addressed by identifying readily and slowly hydrolyzable COD fractions. Dual hydrolysis approach is evaluated in terms of its implication on process kinetics and especially on the assessment of the endogenous decay mechanism.
Synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) block copolymers and thermoanalytical studies of nitroxide-terminated poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymers (2000)

The synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) block copolymers by conversion of polystyrene terminated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) are described. We have found a considerable acceleration in polymerization rate and increasing of molecular weights due to the donor acceptor interaction of styrene and acrylonitrile. Analysis of the block copolymer composition by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy allowed to determine the copolymerization parameters. The comparison with the parameters of the free radical copolymerization shows that there is no influence of TEMPO on the composition. The polydispersity index of the copolymer subchain in the block copolymers decreases rapidly with increasing time of polymerization, depending on the polymerization rate of the copolymerization. The thermal stability of nitroxide-terminated poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymers was investigated by means of thermogravimetry and pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. At temperatures above 200°C the splitting of the nitroxyl polymer bond takes place, indicating a weak degradation of the polymer. However, there is no effect of the terminator on the decomposition pattern of the copolymer at 500°C.
Method for Tracking Eye Gaze during Interpretation of Endoluminal 3D CT Colonography: Technical Description and Proposed Metrics for Analysis (2013)

Tracking a reader's gaze during endoluminal interpretation of 3D data sets is technically feasible and can be described with pursuit-based metrics. Perceptual errors can be classified into visual search errors and recognition errors. Recognition errors are more frequent in inexperienced readers.
Detection of unintended configuration changes in continuous deployment pipelines (2018)

Once an Amazon Web Services employee took numerous servers offline that should have stayed online. The resulting US-East outage originated from a single integer that was incorrectly inserted in a configuration file. The configuration file defined the number of servers that should be up and running. The change was legal, but the number of servers that where taken offline was to high. We took the idea of such simple errors and applied them to continuous deployment pipelines. Continuous deployment pipelines are the next evolutionary step in continuous build pipelines. The Amazon Cloud is a highly automated environment. Pipelines are similar to the Amazon cloud a highly automated environment. Small errors can have potential catastrophic outcomes. We interviewed two experts in two differently sized companies which are using continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines. Based on the information that was provided by both experts about the state of current continuous pipelines, we derived influence factors that are problematic in continuous deployment pipelines. The discovered influence factors already exist in currently used continuous integration/delivery pipelines were they do pose less significant threats than in continuous deployment pipelines. The enhanced automated deployment process of continuous deployment pipelines are making these factors problematic. We developed classification and improvement methods for each of the discovered influence factors. These methods can be used to strengthen a pipeline against unintended configuration changes.
The Educational System and Resistance to Reform: The Limits of Policy (1994)

I suggest some reasons why education has proved so resistant to reform. That the educational system is a system is, in some respects, more significant to this question than the fact that it deals with education; that it is a system militates against certain sorts of reforms being successfully adopted. I will also argue that policymakers' efforts to reform education are made more difficult because of lack of clarity of purpose. Though all agree that "excellence" is the goal to be pursued, there is little attention to the meaning of excellence, nor how we would recognize it if we saw it. Often, "excellence" is used synonymously with "competitiveness." I explore the limits of policy, and suggest that these limits are inescapable. Recognition of these limits may allow us to attend to those policy areas where success may be more likely.
Prebreakdown phenomena at high voltage in liquid nitrogen and comparison with mineral oil (2002)

This paper presents a study of prebreakdown phenomena (usually called streamers) occurring at high voltage in liquid nitrogen. A special cryostat has been constructed to allow dielectric measurements in liquid nitrogen up to 200 kV, and 0.5 MPa hydrostatic pressure. Streamers are detected and studied with various techniques: high speed visualization, streak camera, and recording of transient currents and emitted light. The propagation of positive and negative streamers is investigated at gap distances up to 80 mm. Streamers are then compared to similar phenomena observed in mineral oil. In liquid nitrogen, streamers are different compared to mineral oil. A transition from slow to fast positive streamers (velocity about 10 km/s) is observed at a threshold voltage below the breakdown voltage. The hydrostatic pressure has almost no influence on this phenomenon. Some experiments carried out with a solid barrier perpendicular to the gap axis are also presented. The practical consequences for the design of HV insulation in superconducting systems are then discussed.
Multiplexible Wash-Free Immunoassay Using Colloidal Assemblies of Magnetic and Photoluminescent Nanoparticles (2017)

Colloidal assemblies of nanoparticles possess both the intrinsic and collective properties of their constituent nanoparticles, which are useful in applications where ordinary nanoparticles are not well suited. Here, we report an immunoassay technique based on colloidal nanoparticle assemblies made of iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetic substrate) and manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn) nanoparticles (photoluminescent substrate), both of which are functionalized with antibodies to capture target proteins in a sandwich assay format. After magnetic isolation of the iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies and their bound ZnS:Mn nanoparticle assemblies (MZSNAs), photoluminescence of the remaining MZSNAs is measured for the protein quantification, eliminating the need for washing steps and signal amplification. Using human C-reactive protein as a model biomarker, we achieve a detection limit of as low as 0.7 pg/mL, which is more than 1 order of magnitude lower than that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (9.1 pg/mL) performed using the same pair of antibodies, while using only one-tenth of the antibodies. We also confirm the potential for multiplex detection by using two different types of photoluminescent colloidal nanoparticle assemblies simultaneously.
Analysis on Credit Card Fraud Detection Techniques: Based on Certain Design Criteria (2012)

Financial fraud is increasing significantly with the development of modern technology and the global superhighways of communication, resulting in the loss of billions of dollars worldwide each year. The companies and financial institution loose huge amounts due to fraud and fraudsters continuously try to find new rules and tactics to commit illegal actions. Thus, fraud detection systems have become essential for all credit card issuing banks to minimize their losses. The most commonly used fraud detection methods are Neural Network (NN), rule-induction techniques, fuzzy system, decision trees, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Artificial Immune System (AIS), genetic algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms. These techniques can be used alone or in collaboration using ensemble or meta-learning techniques to build classifiers. This paper presents a survey of various techniques used in credit card fraud detection and evaluates each methodology based on certain design criteria.