gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facet Passivation of GaAs Based LDs by N2 Plasma Pretreatment and RF Sputtered AlxNy Film Coating (2013)

RF sputtered Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> thin film is deposited on the cavity surface of LD (laser diode) by N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma pretreatment. Firstly optimize the preparation process of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> film, and test the chemical ratio, reflectivity and optical absorption of the optimized Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> film by EDX, spectrophotometer and surface thermal lens technology respectively, which verify the feasibility of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> used for facet coating film in LD process; then optimize the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma cleaning process, and use PL to find out that sputtered Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> passivation film by N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma pretreatment can increase the GaAs surface photoluminescence efficiency by 119%. Finally, a 10 nm thick Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> passivation film is coated on cavity surface of LD with optimized N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma pretreatment, which leads to a higher reliability than the traditional LD.
Bioceramics: from concept to clinic (1991)

Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo-skeletal system, termed bioceramics, may be bioinert (alumina, zirconia), resorbable (tricalcium phosphate), bioactive (hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, and glass-ceramics), or porous for tissue ingrowth (hydroxyapatite-coated metals, alumina). Applications include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons, and ligaments and repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone, spinal fusion, and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Carbon coatings are thromboresistant and are used for prosthetic heart valves. The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics are beginning to be understood, which can result in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissues. Composites are being developed with high toughness and elastic modulus match with bone. Therapeutic treatment of cancer has been achieved by localized delivery of radioactive isotopes via glass beads. Development of standard test methods for prediction of long-term (20-year) R E Newnham-contributing editor
Social tipping points and Earth systems dynamics (2014)

Recently, Early Warning Signals (EWS) have been developed to predict tipping points in Earth Systems. This discussion highlights the potential to apply EWS to human social and economic systems, which may also undergo similar critical transitions. Social tipping points are particularly difficult to predict, however, and the current formulation of EWS, based on a physical system analogy, may be insufficient. As an alternative set of EWS for social systems, we join with other authors encouraging a focus on heterogeneity, connectivity through social networks and individual thresholds to change.
Crystal structure of Cmr5 from <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> and its functional implications (2013)

The bacterial acquired immune system consists of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRIPSR-associated (Cas) genes, which include Cas-module repeat-associated mysterious proteins (Cmr). The six Cmr proteins of Pyrococcus furiosus (pfCmr1-pfCmr6) form a Cmr effector complex that functions against exogenous nucleic acid. Among the Cmr proteins, the role of pfCmr5 and its involvement in the complex's cleavage activity have been obscure. The elucidated pfCmr5 structure has two inserted α-helices compared with the other trimeric Cmr5 structure. However, pfCmr5 exists as a monomeric protein both in the crystalline state and in solution. In vitro assays indicate that pfCmr5 interacts with pfCmr4. These structural and biophysical data might help in understanding the complicated and ill-characterized Cmr effector complex.
Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 alleviates DSS-induced colitis by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota composition (2020)

Probiotics are a potential treatment agent for IBD. In this study, the effects of probiotics on intestinal immune responses and gut microbiota in colitis were investigated. The result showed that L. plantarum AR113 and L. casei AR342 were 2–3 times more effective than other strains to alleviate epithelial damage indicators, improve colon length (+10–30%) and maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier, as compared to DSS-treatment mice. The supplementation downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and upregulated that of the colonic anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). The results strongly suggested that anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics is associated with the increase in HO-1 expression and the decrease in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway expression in mouse colonic tissues. Further, Microbiota analysis and the correlation of microbiota with colitis parameters revealed that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by DSS treatment could be mitigated to a certain extent by supplementation with L. plantarum AR113.
Searching for green solvents (2011)

Academic research in the area of green solvents is focused on neither the industries that use solvents most nor the types of solvents that the research community believes have the best hope of reducing solvent-related environmental damage. Those of us who are primarily motivated by a desire to reduce such damage would do well to look at the major uses of solvents, to determine the problems that currently make those applications less-than-green and focus our research efforts on potential solutions to those problems. As a contribution to such efforts, I present four grand challenges in the field of green solvents: finding a sufficient range of green solvents, recognizing whether a solvent is actually green, finding an easily-removable polar aprotic solvent and eliminating distillation.
Phylogenetic Analyses on the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis (2020)

The C 4 pathway, which derives its name from the initial fixation of carbon as a four-carbon compound, can be described as an add-on to the evolutionarily older C 3 pathway of photosynthesis. It provides advantages for plants under hot, arid conditions as it suppresses the detrimental process of photorespiration. In C 4 plants final carbon fixation takes place after concentrating carbon dioxide near Rubisco, which is made possible by various biochemical and anatomical alterations. Despite the complex adaptions required, C 4 photosynthesis evolved many times convergently. Independent C 4 origins occur in clusters, e.g. in the Cleomaceae family investigated in Manuscripts 4 and 5 ; some of the clusters include extant intermediary species. The high water and nitrogen use efficiency of the C 4 -trait make it a desirable target for introduction into non-C 4 crops to improve agricultural production. To ultimately achieve the goal of engineering C 4 , it is necessary to understand the complexity of the trait. Manuscripts included in this thesis present methods or analyses targeted at understanding the complexity of the C 4 -trait via examination of gene expression and genomic sequence. The opportunities opened up by sourcing large-scale data from different pools come at the price of high heterogeneity and necessitate careful processing. One aspect of this – maximizing usable alignment information via outlier filtering – is described in Manuscript 1. Manuscript 4 and Manuscript 5 both focus on comparing gene expression between closely related Cleomaceae species that utilize the respective photosynthesis pathways. In Manuscript 2 and Manuscript 3 we take a look at the key C 4 tissues, mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) during leaf development in the important C 4 crop species Zea mays. Manuscript 2 is a meta-study comparing our own generated data set with those of other studies targeting BS and M tissues; it highlights the usefulness of integrating and cross-referencing multiple studies. The data was made available for download or visualization as a community resource. The data was further used in Manuscript 3, where we compared expression divergence to phylogenetic signal. This included performing an automated phylogenetic analysis, including sequence filtering with the tool from Manuscript 1, to infer the presence of positive selection.
Candidate gene analysis in an on-going genome-wide association study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: suggestive association signals in ADRA1A (2009)

The strongest signal emerged from SNPs in the promoter region (rs3808585) and in an intron (rs17426222, rs4732682, rs573514) of ADRA1A, all located within the same haplotype block. Some of the SNPs in HTR2A and COMT have already been reported by others, whereas other SNPs will need confirmation in independent samples.
The Interaction of Adrenomedullin and Macrophages Induces Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration via Activation of RhoA Signaling Pathway (2013)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are correlated with poor prognosis in many human cancers; however, the mechanism by which TAMs facilitate ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion remains unknown. This study was aimed to examine the function of adrenomedullin (ADM) in macrophage polarization and their further effects on the migration of ovarian cancer cells. Exogenous ADM antagonist and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for ADM expression were treated to macrophages and EOC cell line HO8910, respectively. Then macrophages were cocultured with HO8910 cells without direct contact. Flow cytometry, Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect macrophage phenotype and cytokine production. The migration ability and cytoskeleton rearrangement of ovarian cancer cells were determined by Transwell migration assay and phalloidin staining. Western blot was performed to evaluate the activity status of signaling molecules in the process of ovarian cancer cell migration. The results showed that ADM induced macrophage phenotype and cytokine production similar to TAMs. Macrophages polarized by ADM promoted the migration and cytoskeleton rearrangement of HO8910 cells. The expression of RhoA and its downstream effector, cofilin, were upregulated in macrophage-induced migration of HO8910 cells. In conclusion, ADM could polarize macrophages similar to TAMs, and then polarized macrophages promote the migration of ovarian cancer cells via activation of RhoA signaling pathway in vitro.
Low-loss EFTEM Imaging of Surface Plasmon Resonances in Ag Nanostructures (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Metal-free transesterification catalyzed by tetramethylammonium methyl carbonate (2018)

A metal-free [Me<sub>4</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>[OCO<sub>2</sub>Me]<sup>−</sup> catalyst is effective for the chemoselective, scalable, and reusable transesterification of chelating substrates in common organic solvents.
What you should know about sports medicine (1986)

Sports Medicine is a relatively new branch of medical science, incorporating aspects of orthopaedics, orthopaedic medicine, cardiology, paediatrics, exercise physiology, psychology, physical medicine, physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
De novo acute myeloid leukemia in patients with Crohn's disease. (1995)

Crohn's disease (CD) has been occasionally reported to be associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). From October 1991 to June 1993, four AML patients with a previous history of CD but no history of MDS were referred to our institution. Three presented AML with a monoblastic proliferation (one AML4 and two AML5). Cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal karyotype in two patients, an inv(16) in another and a del(11)(q24-25) in the fourth. Interestingly, the three patients with AML4/AML5 had not received high doses of immunosuppressive agents, prior CD therapy ranging from 1 to 4 months sulfasalazine with additional azathioprine in one case.
Function matching-based binary-level software similarity calculation (2013)

This paper proposes a method to calculate similarities of software without any source code information. The proposed method can be used for various applications such as detecting the source code theft and copyright infringement, as well as locating updated parts of software including malware. To determine the similarities of software, we used an approach that matches similar functions included in software. Our function-based matching process is composed of two steps. In step 1, the structural information of call graph in binary file is used to match functions, and the matched functions are not processed in step 2 to reduce the number of detailed matching. In step 2, by using instruction mnemonics, N-gram similarity-based matching is performed. Using the structural matching proposed in this paper, about 30% improvement in the matching performance is achieved with the four-tuple matching which also reduces the false positive rate compared to previous studies. Our other experimental results showed that, in comparison to source code-based approaches, our proposed method has only about 3% difference in similarity calculation with real software samples. Therefore, we argue that our proposed method makes a contribution in the field of binary-based software similarity calculation.
Dual Tuned Switch for Dual Resonance 1H/13C MRI Coil (2021)

This paper introduces two transmit/receive switch designs for 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Both designs based on microstripline-based couplers. The first is a dual-tuned 1H/13C switch with two concentric microstriplines on each side of the switch. A branch line technique from transmission line theory is applied to compact the switch to half of its initial dimension. The second proposed design is a dual tuned 1H/13C microstripline-based switch with one microstripline in each side of the switch. The second design benefits from the harmonics of an initial resonance signal to shift the first and second harmonics to the same Larmor frequencies of the 1H and 13C nuclear spins when exposed to 7 Tesla static magnetic field. The first design serves 1H and 13C RF Coils, working independently. Whereas the second design works with a dual resonance 1H/13C RF coil. The first and second designs achieved good matching less than -15 dB and -10 dB, respectively. They achieved low insertion loss less than -0.6 dB and -1.2 dB, respectively. The isolation between couplers in the first design is higher than 60dB. Furthermore, the isolation between the amplifier port and the receiver for both switches designs are higher than 60dB as well. The proposed switches are promising in reducing the number of T/R switches and the area of the place they need in the transmit front-end when multichannel RF coils are used.
SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): OPTIMUM BLEND OF <i>TRANS</i>- AND <i>CIS</i>-11-TETRADECENAL (1976)

Abstract A reinvestigation of the sex pheromone of the eastern spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), showed that it contains 11-tetradecenal in the ratio 96% trans -: 4% cis -. Field trapping showed the pure trans - compound to be only slightly attractive. Maximum attraction occurred in the range 2% to 5% cis -.
Influence of Hydrocarbons on the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx over Ag/Al2O3 - Laboratory and Engine Tests (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO<sub>x</sub> has been tested using different hydrocarbons as reducing agents over an Ag/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst, both in laboratory reactors and a diesel engine test bench. The hydrocarbons tested were octane, iso-octane, octanol, octanal, octanoic acid, 1-octene, a mixture of propane-propene, dodecane, a mixture of dodecanal-dodecane and a low sulphur diesel fuel. For the C<sub>8</sub>-hydrocarbons the maximum conversions, about 80 %, occurred at a much lower temperature (down to 350 °C) and over a wider temperature range compared to the propane-propene mixture (maximum conversion at 525 °C). Also dodecane and diesel fuel gave more than 70 % conversion between 300 °C and 500 °C. In the diesel test bench a continuous NO<sub>x</sub> conversion up to 50 % was measured with a fuel penalty of 0.3-4.0 %.</div>
Emission colorée pour antenne active radar (2017)

LES RADARS a m Emission coloree pour antenne active radar Par Francois LECHEVALIER, Laurent SAVY THALES AEROSPACE Mots cles Antenneactive, Codage, Spatio-temporel, Ambiguite, Balayage electronique, Directivite Les antennes actives sont une rupture fondamentale dans la gestion des ressources espace-temps du radar, c grâce aux possibilites qu'elles otfrent en matiere de gestion c de la puissance, du facteur de forme, et des pointages de faisceau. Schematiquement, il devient ainsi possible d'emetttre dans chaque direction la forme d'onde la plus appropriee au moment opportun, selon les objectifs vises et la situation observee au prealable. Dans cet article, on examine l'emission coloree, une des techniques recentes les plus attractives de gestion du c faisceau, particulierement adaptee aux antennes actives. L'objectif de l'emission coloree est de retrouver une directivite a l'emission, par traitement en reception, et ce malgre une emission dans un large secteur angulaire. 1 Zn Cela est possible grâce a un codage spatio-temporel intra- pulse, encore appele emission coloree. Les benefices apportes par l'emission coloree en decoulent directement :
Examination of Water Oxidation by Catalysts Containing Cofacial Metal Sites (2010)

Abstract A series of bimetallic complexes were developed to examine how the distance between two juxtaposed {Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl} 1+ ( 2 ; tpy = 2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) units affect catalytic behavior in the context of water oxidation. The directionality imposed by the organic backbone for each of these “Pacman” complexes elicits idealized M ··· M distances of ca. 5, 10, and 12 Å for 4 – 6 , respectively. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that intramolecular electronic communication occurs between the metal sites of 4 , while the metal fragments are essentially electrochemically isolated for 5 and 6 . Despite the disparate distances between the metal sites, each of these complexes are shown to mediate the Ce IV ‐driven oxidation of water in acidic media. Dioxygen evolution was monitored with an optical probe in the headspace of the reaction vessel, and independently verified by the detection of appropriate ratios of 18 O‐ 18 O, 18 O‐ 16 O, and 16 O‐ 16 O in GC–MS experiments using 18 O‐labeled water. A fitting of the dioxygen evolution data indicates catalytic behavior that is first‐order with respect to catalyst concentration in all cases. This finding rules out the possibility that dioxygen formation occurs independently at each metal site simultaneously, and leaves open the possibility that O–O bond formation occurs by either both metal sites acting cooperatively, or at one metal site independent of the other. Taking into account the significant electrostatic repulsion between the two metal fragments in higher oxidation levels, we contend that the latter mechanism is the more likely scenario. Notwithstanding, complex 4 generates the largest k obs values among the bimetallic series, which suggests that the close proximity of another metal may benefit catalysis. A comparison of k obs and catalytic turnover numbers (TONs) of the bimetallic systems to the mononuclear complex 2 , however, does not indicate an improvement in catalytic behavior. This is an important observation in the collective pursuit of efficient water oxidation catalysts.
Polymer network structure and electro-optic performance of polymer stabilized cholesteric textures I. The influence of curing temperature (1998)

The effect of curing temperature on the electro-optic behaviour and network morphology of reverse mode polymer stabilized cholesteric textures (PSCTs) has been studied. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that increasing the curing temperature generally results in a larger average void size within a polymer network, while the morphology of the individual strands (which varies significantly for different monomers) remains largely unchanged. PSCTs with sufficiently large network voids exhibit a two-stage switching behaviour consistent with a model in which the cholesteric liquid crystal is divided between two distinct environments one in which the liquid crystal is strongly dominated by the polymer network, the other in which a bulk-like behaviour, comparable to the unstabilized cholesteric material, is observed.
Mouse model of ocular hypertension with retinal ganglion cell degeneration (2019)

These results suggest that sustained IOP elevation causes more RGC damage in the periphery than in the midperiphery of the retina. This model yields significant and reproducible RGC degeneration.
Plywood Inlays Thourgh CO 2 Laser Cutting (1989)

Furniture with inlays is rather expensive. This is so on two accounts: Firstly, furniture with inlays is generally manufactured with solid wood.Secondly,wood carving and figure cutting are both time consuming and they produce a high rate of rejections. To add to it all the cutting and carving of minute figures requires an outstanding craftmanship. In fact the craftman is in most instance the artist and also the manufacturer. While desiring that the high artistic level is maintained in the industry the search for new method to produce inlays for furniture in not son expensive materials and to produce them in a repetitive and flexible way laser cutting of plywood was found to be quite suitable. This paper presents the charts for CO<sub>2</sub> laser cutting of both positive and negatives in several types of plywood. The main problem is not so much the cutting of the positive and negatives pieces but to be able to cut the piece in a way that the fitting is done without any problems caused by the ever present charring effect, which takes palce at the edges of the cut pieces. To minimise this aspect positive and negative pieces have to be cut under stringent focusing conditions and with slight different scales. The condittions for our machine are presented.