gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Potential-Lift Ion Source. (2000)

Generally, an ion source is supplied with high voltage to accelerate ions. However, the high voltage on the ion source makes some difficulties in applying pulse voltage or introducing samples, etc. We developed a new ion source to solve these problems. This new ion source consists of a grounded ionization region, an acceleration region and a cylinder. While the electric potential of the cylinder is varied, the electric field in the cylinder does not change and the kinetic energy of the ions in the cylinder is independent of the potential of the cylinder. After the ions formed in the ion source at the ground potential go into the cylinder at the accelerating potential, the electric potential of the cylinder is varied from the accelerating potential to the ground potential. By this method, ions keep accelerated velocity after the cylinder. To confirm this idea, we constructed a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer having an ion source and an analyzer, both of which are at the ground potential.
Automated Discovery of Real-Time Network Camera Data from Heterogeneous Web Pages (2021)

Reduction in the cost of Network Cameras along with a rise in connectivity enables entities all around the world to deploy vast arrays of camera networks. Network cameras offer real-time visual data that can be used for studying traffic patterns, emergency response, security, and other applications. Although many sources of Network Camera data are available, collecting the data remains difficult due to variations in programming interface and website structures. Previous solutions rely on manually parsing the target website, taking many hours to complete. We create a general and automated solution for indexing Network Camera data spread across thousands of uniquely structured webpages. We analyze heterogeneous webpage structures and identify common characteristics among 73 sample Network Camera websites (each website has multiple web pages). These characteristics are then used to build an automated camera discovery module that crawls and indexes Network Camera data. Our system successfully extracts 57,364 Network Cameras from 237,257 unique web pages.
<title>Magnetic-spiker electrical circuits for gas discharge lasers</title> (1994)

Magnetic-spiker electrical circuits for gas discharge lasers are described. A new modified overshoot mode of magnetic-spiker XeCl laser excitation is presented as a possible circuit for high repetition rate operation. PSPICE computer simulations of a number of magnetic-spiker XeCl laser circuits are compared with experimental results.
IL-17A is produced by breast cancer TILs and promotes chemoresistance and proliferation through ERK1/2 (2013)

The proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin 17A (hereafter named IL-17A) or IL-17A producing cells are elevated in breast tumors environment and correlate with poor prognosis. Increased IL-17A is associated with ER(-) or triple negative tumors and reduced Disease Free Survival. However, the pathophysiological role of IL-17A in breast cancer remains unclear although several studies suggested its involvement in cancer cell dissemination. Here we demonstrated that a subset of breast tumors is infiltrated with IL-17A-producing cells. Increased IL-17A seems mainly associated to ER(-) and triple negative/basal-like tumors. Isolation of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) from breast cancer biopsies revealed that these cells secreted significant amounts of IL-17A. We further established that recombinant IL-17A recruits the MAPK pathway by upregulating phosphorylated ERK1/2 in human breast cancer cell lines thereby promoting proliferation and resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel. We also confirmed here that recombinant IL-17A stimulates migration and invasion of breast cancer cells as previously reported. Importantly, TILs also induced tumor cell proliferation, chemoresistance and migration and treatment with IL-17A-neutralizing antibodies abrogated these effects. Altogether these results demonstrated the pathophysiological role of IL-17A-producing cell infiltrate in a subset of breast cancers. Therefore, IL-17A appears as potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Two-Channel Bioimpedance Monitor for Impedance Cardiography (2006)

In this paper we introduce our conception of a two-channel bioimpedance monitor for the impedance cardiography. We describe the design of a homemade device which is based on a direct digital synthesizer and a digital down converter. This solution enables us to obtain a high-quality bioimpedance signal, which can be used for computing the cardiac output beat per beat. It further enables us to analyze impedance phase changes beat per beat. Our device allows simultaneous measuring of complex impedance in two arbitrary directions on human/animal body without any interference between channels. The setting of the main parameters of the measurement like the amplitude and the frequency of the measurement current depends on the user.
High-performance propellants based on hydrazinium nitroformate (1995)

The identification of potential high-performance propellant combinations is based on a fundamental analysis of the governing parameters. Its development requires the establishment of its safety and handling characteristics and its thermodynamic decomposition and explosive properties. After the identification of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) as a promising new oxidizer, the development of a new composite solid propellant based on HNF and energetic binders such as glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), poly 3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane, poly 3-nitromethoxy-3-methyl oxetane (polynimmo), or poly glycidyl nitrate (polyglyn) was started. A pilot plant for the production of HNF has been constructed and many of the properties of HNF and HNF/aluminum (A1)/GAP propellants have been established. Initial development tests show that HNF looks suitable as a propellant oxidizer, while initial tests with HNF/A1/GAP confirm the expected increase in performance over existing composite propellants. Impact and friction sensitivity have been determined for HNF and HNF-based propellants. Areas that are still open for investigation are also addressed. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the status of this development.
A cryptic plasmid from Nocardia orientalis NRRL 2452, a vancomycin producer. (1986)

A plasmid was found in Nocardia orientalis (formerly Streptomyces orientalis). Physical characterization of the plasmid DNA indicates a size of 33.5 kb and a single cleavage site for EcoR I. The presence of plasmid, and variation in its copy member, did not directly affect vancomycin resistance or production levels. The plasmid represents the first to be isolated and characterized from a glycopeptide-producing nocardia.
BGaInAs Alloys Lattice-Matched to GaAs for High-Efficiency Solar Cells (2000)

A novel alloy, BGaInAs, may prove useful in high-efficiency III-V multijunction solar cells.
Molecular Cloning of Complementary DNA Encoding Maize Nitrite Reductase (1988)

Complementary DNA has been isolated that codes for maize nitrite reductase (NiR) by using the corresponding spinach gene (E Back et al. 1988 Mol Gen Genet 212:20-26) as a heterologous probe. The sequences of the complementary DNAs from the two species are 66% homologous while the deduced amino acid sequences are 86% similar when analogous amino acids are included. A high percentage of the differences in the DNA sequences is due to the extremely strong bias in the corn gene to have a G/C base in the third codon position with 559/569 codons ending in a G or C. Using a hydroponic system, maize seedlings grown in the absence of an exogenous nitrogen source were induced with nitrate or nitrite. Nitrate stimulated a rapid induction of the NiR mRNA in both roots and leaves. There is also a considerable induction of this gene in roots upon the addition of nitrite, although under the conditions used the final mRNA level was not as high as when nitrate was the inducer. There is a small but detectable level of NiR mRNA in leaves prior to induction, but no constitutive NiR mRNA can be seen in the roots. Analysis of genomic DNA supports the notion that there are at least two NiR genes in maize.
Capture and Direct Amplification of DNA on Chitosan Microparticles in a Single PCR-Optimal Solution (2015)

While nucleic acid amplification tests have great potential as tools for rapid diagnostics, complicated sample preparation requirements inhibit their use in near-patient diagnostics and low-resource-setting applications. Recent advancements in nucleic acid purification have leveraged pH-modulated charge switching polymers to reduce the number of steps required for sample preparation. The polycation chitosan (pKa 6.4) has been used to efficiently purify DNA by binding nucleic acids in acidic buffers and then eluting them at a pH higher than 8.0. Though it is an improvement over conventional methods, this multistep procedure has not transformed the application of nucleic acid amplification assays. Here we describe a simpler approach using magnetic chitosan microparticles that interact with DNA in a manner that has not been reported before. The microparticles capture DNA at a pH optimal for PCR (8.5) just as efficiently as at low pH. Importantly, the captured DNA is still accessible by polymerase, enabling direct amplification from the microparticles. We demonstrate quantitative PCR from DNA captured on the microparticles, thus eliminating nearly all of the sample preparation steps. We anticipate that this new streamlined method for preparing DNA for amplification will greatly expand the diagnostic applications of nucleic acid amplification tests.
A brief theory of guided signal reconstruction (2017)

An axiomatic approach to signal reconstruction is formulated, involving a sample consistent set, defined as a set of signals sample-consistent with the original signal, and a given guiding set, describing desired reconstructions. New frame-less reconstruction methods are proposed, based on a reconstruction set, defined as a shortest pathway between the sample consistent set and the guiding set, where the guiding set is a closed subspace and the sample consistent set is a closed plane in a Hilbert space. Existence and uniqueness of the reconstruction set are investigated. Connections to earlier known consistent, generalized, and regularized reconstructions are clarified, and new and improved reconstruction error bounds are derived.
Identification of mRNAs encoding two different soluble forms of the human interferon α‐receptor (1994)

Transcripts of the human IFN alpha-receptor (IFNAR) gene, lacking the transmembrane (TM) domain were found in human myeloma U266S cells, in addition to the transmembranal IFNAR cDNA. Two different cDNAs encoding such soluble IFNAR forms were identified. Form 1 has a deletion causing a frameshift toward the end of the extracellular (EC) domain predicting a tail of 7 amino acids. Form 2 has two in-frame deletions and conserves most of the intracytoplasmatic domain of IFNAR. The transcripts for the two soluble forms are still found in U266R cells which have lost the transmembranal IFNAR transcript. Human cells seem to have independent mechanisms to synthesize soluble IFN receptors, which may act as competitors outside the cells or carry IFN-mediated functions inside the cell.
On a new type of negative deuterium ion source using a silicon semiconductor (1983)

A new type of negative deuterium ion source for the neutral particle injection in the fusion research is proposed. The element of the ion source is made of a bilayer of vanadium or palladium metal and a silicon semiconductor. The D− ions are formed with the cascade processes which involve the dissociation of D2’s when they are dissolved into the element, the electronic resonance transition from the Si surface to D(1s) diffusing through the element, and the detachment of the resultant D− ion from the surface. The estimations show that in an ideal case, the obtainable current density of D− ions is about 27 mA/cm2 and that the neutral component leaving the surface is about 18.5% of the D− ion current.
Antitumor efficient platinum complexes with trans-geometry and their reactions with DNA (2000)

The reactions of antitumor efficient platinum complexes with trans-geometry with DNA
Upregulation of an Arabidopsis RING‐H2 gene, <i>XERICO</i>, confers drought tolerance through increased abscisic acid biosynthesis (2006)

RING (really interesting new gene) zinc-finger proteins have important regulatory roles in the development of a variety of organisms. The XERICO gene encodes a small protein (162 amino acids) with an N-terminal trans-membrane domain and a RING-H2 zinc-finger motif located at the C-terminus. In silico gene-expression analysis indicated that XERICO is induced by salt and osmotic stress. Compared with wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants, transgenic plants overexpressing XERICO (35S::XERICO) exhibited hypersensitivity to salt and osmotic stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) during germination and early seedling growth. When subjected to a drought treatment, transcriptional upregulation of a key ABA-biosynthesis gene, AtNCED3, was much faster and stronger in 35S::XERICO plants compared with WT plants. Further, upregulation of XERICO substantially increased cellular ABA levels. The adult 35S::XERICO plants, in contrast to early seedling growth, showed a marked increase in their tolerance to drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid screening indicated that XERICO interacts with an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (AtUBC8) and ASK1-interacting F-box protein (AtTLP9), which is involved in the ABA-signaling pathway. Affymetrix GeneChip array analysis showed that the expressions of many of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of plant hormones (e.g. ethylene, brassinosteroid, gibberellic acid) were significantly changed in the 35S::XERICO plants. These results suggest that the homeostasis of various plant hormones might be altered in 35S::XERICO plants, possibly by overaccumulation of ABA.
Insulin Detection Using a Corona Phase Molecular Recognition Site on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe) is a technique whereby an external, adsorbed phase around a colloidal nanoparticle is selected such that its molecular conformation or interaction recognizes a specific target analyte. In this work, we employ a high-throughput screening of a library of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipids adsorbed onto near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes to discover a corona phase selective for insulin. We find that a C<sub>16</sub>-PEG(2000 Da)-ceramide causes a 62% fluorescent intensity decrease of the (10,2) chirality nanotube in the presence of 20 μg/mL insulin. The insulin protein has no prior affinity toward the C<sub>16</sub>-PEG(2000 Da)-ceramide molecules in free solution, verified by isothermal titration calorimetry, and the interaction occurs only upon their adsorption onto the single-walled carbon nanotube scaffolds. Testing a panel of proteins originating from human blood as well as short 7 amino acid fragments of the insulin peptide rules out nonselective recognition mechanisms such as molecular weight, isoelectric point, and hydrophobicity-based detection. Interestingly, longer fragments of isolated α- and β-peptide chains of insulin are detected by the construct, albeit with lower affinity compared to that of the intact insulin protein, suggesting that the construct recognizes insulin in its native form and conformation. Finally, the insulin recognition and the quantification of its solution concentration were demonstrated both in buffer and in blood serum, showing that the CoPhMoRe construct works in this complex environment despite the presence of potential nonspecific adsorption. Our results further motivate the search for nonbiological synthetic recognition sites and open up a new path for continuous insulin monitoring in vivo with the hope of improving glycemic control in closed-loop artificial pancreas systems.
Multi-color correlative light and electron microscopy using nanoparticle\n cathodoluminescence (2012)

Correlative light and electron microscopy promises to combine molecular\nspecificity with nanoscale imaging resolution. However, there are substantial\ntechnical challenges including reliable co-registration of optical and electron\nimages, and rapid optical signal degradation under electron beam irradiation.\nHere, we introduce a new approach to solve these problems: multi-color imaging\nof stable optical cathodoluminescence emitted in a scanning electron microscope\nby nanoparticles with controllable surface chemistry. We demonstrate\nwell-correlated cathodoluminescence and secondary electron images using three\nspecies of semiconductor nanoparticles that contain defects providing stable,\nspectrally-distinguishable cathodoluminescence. We also demonstrate reliable\nsurface functionalization of the particles. The results pave the way for the\nuse of such nanoparticles for targeted labeling of surfaces to provide\nnanoscale mapping of molecular composition, indicated by cathodoluminescence\ncolor, simultaneously acquired with structural electron images in a single\ninstrument.\n
Imaging a vibrating object by Sideband Digital Holography (2009)

We obtain quantitative measurements of the oscillation amplitude of vibrating objects by using sideband digital holography. The frequency sidebands on the light scattered by the object, shifted by n times the vibration frequency, are selectively detected by heterodyne holography, and images of the object are calculated for different orders n. Orders up to n = 120 have been observed, allowing the measurement of amplitudes of oscillation that are significantly larger than the optical wavelength. Using the positions of the zeros of intensity for each value of n, we reconstruct the shape of vibration the object.
Wide Operating Temperature Range Electrolytes for High Voltage and High Specific Energy Li-Ion Cells (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Phospholipid binding and biophysical activity of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SAP)-35 and its non-collagenous COOH-terminal domains. (1986)

Surfactant-associated protein of Mr = 35,000, SAP-35, is the major glycoprotein present in mammalian pulmonary surfactants. In this study, canine SAP-35 and several of its COOH-terminal peptides were purified and characterized by amino acid composition and NH2-terminal sequencing analysis. These proteins were then studied in terms of their specific lipid-binding characteristics and surface activity when combined with a synthetic phospholipid mixture, SM, chosen as an approximation of lung surfactant phospholipids. Purified, delipidated SAP-35 bound SM strongly. In contrast, SAP-21 (a non-collagenous fragment generated by collagenase digestion) bound phospholipid weakly; SAP-18 (an acidic COOH-terminal fragment comprising residues Gly-118 to Phe-231) did not bind phospholipid, demonstrating the importance of hydrophobic amino acid residues Gly-81 to Val-117 and the NH2-terminal collagenous domain in interaction of the SAP-35 with phospholipids. In surface activity experiments, purified SAP-35 enhanced the adsorption of SM phospholipids in terms of both rate and overall surface tension lowering. However, the adsorption facility of the SM-SAP-35 mixture did not approach that of either whole surfactant or the surfactant extract preparations, calf lung surfactant extract or surfactant-TA, used in exogenous surfactant replacement therapy for the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the dynamic surface activity of the SM-SAP-35 mixture was well below that of natural surfactant or surfactant extracts. This was also true of mixtures of SM phospholipids combined with the SAP-18 and SAP-21 fragments of SAP-35.
Magnetoresistive biosensors with on-chip pulsed excitation and magnetic correlated double sampling (2018)

Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors have been shown to be among the most sensitive biosensors reported. While high-density and scalable sensor arrays are desirable for achieving multiplex detection, scalability remains challenging because of long data acquisition time using conventional readout methods. In this paper, we present a scalable magnetoresistive biosensor array with an on-chip magnetic field generator and a high-speed data acquisition method. The on-chip field generators enable magnetic correlated double sampling (MCDS) and global chopper stabilization to suppress 1/f noise and offset. A measurement with the proposed system takes only 20 ms, approximately 50× faster than conventional frequency domain analysis. A corresponding time domain temperature correction technique is also presented and shown to be able to remove temperature dependence from the measured signal without extra measurements or reference sensors. Measurements demonstrate detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at a signal level as low as 6.92 ppm. The small form factor enables the proposed platform to be portable as well as having high sensitivity and rapid readout, desirable features for next generation diagnostic systems, especially in point-of-care (POC) settings.
Defect mitigation considerations for EUV photomasks (2014)

The introduction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography into manufacturing requires changes in all aspects of the infrastructure, including the photomask. EUV reflective masks consist of a sophisticated multilayer (ML) mirror, capping layer, absorber layer, and anti-reflective coating thereby dramatically increasing the complexity of the photomask. In addition to absorber type defects similar to those the industry was forced to contend with for deep ultraviolet lithography, the complexity of the mask leads to new classes of ML defects. Furthermore, these approaches are complicated not only by the mask itself but also by unique aspects associated with the exposure of the photomask by the EUV scanner. This paper focuses on the challenges for handling defects associated with inspection, review, and repair for EUV photomasks. Blank inspection and pattern shifting, two completely new steps within the mask manufacturing process that arise from these considerations, and their relationship to mask review and repair are discussed. The impact of shadowing effects on absorber defect repair height is taken into account. The effect of mask biasing and the chief ray angle rotation due to the scanner slit arc shape will be discussed along with the implications of obtaining die-to-die references for inspection and repair. The success criteria for compensational repair of ML defects will be reviewed.
<i>Neospora caninum:</i> a new class of biopharmaceuticals in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer (2020)

These results highlight <i>N. caninum</i> as a potential, extremely effective and non-toxic anticancer agent, capable of being engineered to either express at its surface or to secrete biodrugs. Our work has identified the broad clinical possibilities of using <i>N. caninum</i> as an oncolytic protozoan in human medicine.
Novel Cephalosporins Selectively Active on Nonreplicating <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2016)

We report two series of novel cephalosporins that are bactericidal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis alone of the pathogens tested, which only kill M. tuberculosis when its replication is halted by conditions resembling those believed to pertain in the host, and whose bactericidal activity is not dependent upon or enhanced by clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor. The two classes of cephalosporins bear an ester or alternatively an oxadiazole isostere at C-2 of the cephalosporin ring system, a position that is almost exclusively a carboxylic acid in clinically used agents in the class. Representatives of the series kill M. tuberculosis within macrophages without toxicity to the macrophages or other mammalian cells.