gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Constant Stroking Load Regulator for Shock Absorption (2011)

The goal of this study is to provide shock mitigation in an active (or semi-active) shock absorption system, typically comprising of a spring, and an adjustable stroking load element, such as an adaptive energy absorber (EA) or semiactive damper element, in which the stroking load can be electronically adjusted in real-time. Typically, there is a maximum limiting stroking load that can be accommodated by a payload. Thus, a Constant Stroking Load Regulator (CSLR) is developed that accepts sensor feedback, and then selects control gains that result in the energy absorber (EA) providing the required controllable stroking load. A key benefit of this regulator is that it is capable of adapting to a varying range of payload mass, impulse types, and impulse excitation levels. The payload mass is measured and used as a control input parameter. The measured impact velocity is used to determine the impulse acceleration level by assuming an impulse profile, which tends to be application-specific. Finally, the required constant stroking load is determined using a physics-based model. The CSLR is designed to achieve a “soft landing” such the payload comes to rest when the available stroke is used completely, in order to minimize the stroking load and thereby minimize the potential for payload damage. The CSLR methodology was then experimentally validated for a representative occupant protection system consisting of a seat suspension with an adaptive stroking element, which in this case was a magnetorheological energy absorber (MREA). A MREA was used as the stroking element because its stroking load can be adjusted electronically. To validate the CSLR strategy, experimental drop tests were conducted for two different payloads. The impact velocity was 10.3 ft/s (3.15 m/s) and the acceleration profile was a 50 ms duration half-sine pulse. The constant stroking load was pre-calculated as a function of payload mass and initial velocity. During each drop test, the required stroking load was supplied to the MREA in order to achieve a “soft landing.” The CSLR was successfully demonstrated under laboratory conditions. These tests demonstrated feasibility of using the CSLR, in conjunction with a MREA as the stroking element.
Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from targeted thorium conjugate formulations. Part II: purification of targeted thorium conjugates on cation exchange columns (2017)

Tumor targeting pharmaceuticals will play a crucial role in future pharma pipelines. The targeted thorium conjugate (TTC) therapeutic platform could provide real benefit to patients, whereby targeting moieties like monoclonal antibodies are radiolabelled with the alpha-emitting radionuclide thorium-227 (<sup>227</sup>Th, t<sub>1/2</sub> = 18.7 days). A potential problem could be the accumulation of the long-lived daughter nuclide radium-223 (<sup>223</sup>Ra, t<sub>1/2</sub> = 11.4 days) in the drug product during manufacturing and distribution. Therefore, the level of <sup>223</sup>Ra must be standardized before administration to the patient. The focus in this study has been the removal of <sup>223</sup>Ra, as the other progenies will have a very limited stay in the formulation. In this study, the purification of TTCs labeled with decayed <sup>227</sup>Th has been explored. Columns packed with a strong cation exchange resin have been used to sequester <sup>223</sup>Ra. The separation of TTC from <sup>223</sup>Ra has been evaluated as influenced by both formulation and process parameters with a design of experiments (DOE) study; including citrate or acetate buffer, pH, buffer concentration, presence or absence of pABA + EDTA, resin amount and sodium chloride concentration. The aim was to achieve a separation with high sorption of <sup>223</sup>Ra and accompanying low TTC sorption. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Four regression models of TTC and <sup>223</sup>Ra sorption from citrate and acetate buffered formulations were developed. The predictive accuracy of sorption in the four statistical models was given by standard deviations and confidence intervals. The TTC sorption in citrate and acetate buffered formulations was affected by the identical variables and the variation in TTC sorption was comparable for the two models. However, the DOE variables had a significantly stronger impact on the <sup>223</sup>Ra sorption in citrate buffered formulations than the <sup>223</sup>Ra sorption in acetate buffer. An optimal separation with a TTC sorption below 25% and <sup>223</sup>Ra sorption above 90% can be achieved in both citrate and acetate buffered formulations. Stability studies of radiochemical purity (RCP) indicated that the measured <sup>227</sup>Th values may be partly due to free <sup>227</sup>Th and not TTC, but the results indicate that TTC stability may be controlled by optimizing formulation parameters. Hence, the sorption data and the regression models presented must be reviewed and further explored with regard to what is known about the stability of the TTC in the different buffered formulations.
Information processing challenges of full parallax light field displays (2018)

Currently under development high fidelity and interactive full parallax light field displays have unique and challenging requirements due to human factors and space constraints imposed on them. A high fidelity light field display with no vergence accommodation conflict and desktop size foot print implies a display with tens of gigapixels and pixel pitch in the range of 10 microns or below. Achieving interactive image and video display performance on these types of displays requires a fundamental redesign of the display input interface and image processing pipeline. In this paper, we discuss various ways of addressing these issues with light field compression and display system design innovations.
Influence Maximization in Social Networks: Towards an Optimal Algorithmic Solution (2012)

Diffusion is a fundamental graph process, underpinning such phenomena as epidemic disease contagion and the spread of innovation by word-of-mouth. We address the algorithmic problem of finding a set of k initial seed nodes in a network so that the expected size of the resulting cascade is maximized, under the standard independent cascade model of network diffusion. The promiseofsuchanalgorithmliesinapplicationstoviralmarketing. However,runtimeisofcritical importance in this endeavor due to the massive size and volatility of the relevant networks. Our main result is an algorithm for the influence maximization problem that obtains the nearoptimal approximation factor of (1 − 1 e − ǫ), for any ǫ&gt; 0, in time O((m + n)ǫ−3 logn) where n and m are the number of vertices and edges in the network. The runtime of our algorithm is independent of the number of seeds k and improves upon the previously best-known algorithms whichrun in time Ω(mnk·POLY(ǫ −1)). Importantly, ouralgorithmis essentiallyruntime-optimal (up to a logarithmic factor) as we establish a lower bound of Ω(m+n) on the runtime required to obtain a constant approximation.
Automatic visual measurement of surface-mount device placement (1990)

An experimental system for automatic visual measurement of surface-mount device placement on printed circuit boards has been developed. Infrared illumination is used to aid in segmentation of component lead and solder pad images from the background. Best fit lines through centroids of the lead and soldering pad images are calculated from which the displacement and angular orientation of the component relative to the pads is computed. Measurements are derived from a combination of slope and mean centroids from opposite sides of a device to reduce the effects of sensor resolution, missing pads, or missing leads. Since leads and pads are viewed simultaneously, the accuracy of the system is not dependent on precise positioning of the board within the inspection station. The system accuracy has been tested with 50 commercially manufactured printed circuit boards containing 500 samples of J-leaded plastic leaded chip carriers and small-outline integrated circuits of various sizes. The positions of the components were measured manually and are compared with measurements determined by the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Associative processor for tomographic image reconstruction (1982)

New developments in x-ray tomography are placing an increasing burden on the reconstruction processor. An associative implementation of the convolution-back-projection method is described which not only reaches the speed required but achieves an order of magnitude improvement in cost-effectiveness. The processor is based on a fully parallel VLSI associative memory in a partitioned architecture and takes advantage of multioperand algorithms. It can reconstruct a 512*512 pixel image from 1024 views by 1023 rays (with linear interpolation for image smoothing) in 2 seconds using 410 memory chips. 12 references.
Radar to Radar Interference in Common Traffic Scenarios (2019)

The use of automotive radar sensors increases in driver assistance systems for future autonomous driving tasks. This leads to increased potential of radar to radar interference and thus performance reduction. This paper investigates the received interference power to provide an understanding of the levels of interference expected under different traffic scenarios. The results of this research provide a basis for further studies which will focus on quantifying the interference probability by considering different waveforms of interferers to identify situations that require interference mitigation. This paper demonstrates that increase in radar penetration rate (RPR) increases the mean value of received interference power while not affecting the maximum value. The results also show that only few closest interferers mainly create these maximum levels which change for different victim radar types. Moreover, another outcome is that increase in relative velocity results in shorter duration of interference power and thus less number of possible interference occurrence.
Fog Harvesting with Harps (2018)

Fog harvesting is a useful technique for obtaining fresh water in arid climates. The wire meshes currently utilized for fog harvesting suffer from dual constraints: coarse meshes cannot efficiently capture microscopic fog droplets, whereas fine meshes suffer from clogging issues. Here, we design and fabricate fog harvesters comprising an array of vertical wires, which we call "fog harps". Under controlled laboratory conditions, the fog-harvesting rates for fog harps with three different wire diameters were compared to conventional meshes of equivalent dimensions. As expected for the mesh structures, the mid-sized wires exhibited the largest fog collection rate, with a drop-off in performance for the fine or coarse meshes. In contrast, the fog-harvesting rate continually increased with decreasing wire diameter for the fog harps due to efficient droplet shedding that prevented clogging. This resulted in a 3-fold enhancement in the fog-harvesting rate for the harp design compared to an equivalent mesh.
Cylindrical Splitt and Quadrupole Magnetic Field in Application to Continuous-Flow Magnetic Cell Sorting (1997)

Abstract The quadrupole magnetic field has been used for quadrupole mass spectroscopy and for industrial and mining dry separations. We propose to use it for rapid, continuous-flow cell sorting in biomedical and biotechnological applications. We set out to investigate the performance of such a sorter using the theoretical methods of split-flow thin channel separation (SPLITT). Comparison of theoretical results and preliminary experimental data, using a model system of human peripheral lymphocytes labeled with immunomagnetic colloid, led us to the identification of the most important parameters of the system.
Reconfigurable all-optical logic gate based on a single SOA with improved dynamics (2006)

A simple, compact, ultra-fast, reconfigurable photonic logic gate is demonstrated exploiting four-wave-mixing and cross-gain-modulation in a single semiconductor-optical-amplifier with improved dynamics. Bit-error-rate measurements are reported for XNOR, AND, NOR, and NOT logic functions
Characterization of the Effects of Small Molecules on Mountain Pine Bark Better Fungal Symbionts (Poster) (2016)

Several species of the bark beetle, in particular the Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), are responsible for killing large numbers of trees over vast areas in western North America, including over 31 million trees in Montana.  Most or all of these bark beetle species are host to a variety of ophiostomatoid fungi.  Many of these fungi are carried in the mycangia, a specialized structure of the exoskeleton, and are critical nutritional mutualists to the beetle’s life cycle.  Thus, one possible means of controlling or managing a beetle outbreak is to inhibit the growth of their associated fungi. These fungal spores are also indirectly introduced to the tree interior where they invade the phloem and sometimes the xylem of the tree that can possibly disrupt the water flow. Therefore, another possible prevention method might be inhibiting the fungi from mycelial growth on the tree itself. The first stage of this research is to test whether small molecule inhibitors are able to prevent growth for the fungal species associated with mountain pine beetles, (Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium). The fungal species have shown sensitivity to the small molecule inhibitor, BH3I, especially G. clavigera. Because BH3I has potent antifungal activity, we will test its derivatives in hopes of finding additional small inhibitor molecules to effectively obstruct fungal growth. We can then begin testing different concentrations of the effective small molecules on the fungi, and furthermore, we can develop a tree-like environment to begin examining the effects of the inhibitors on the xylem and phloem of trees.
A New Method for Capturing CO2 from Effluent Gases Using a Rice-Based Product (2022)

In 2013, UAE imported around 772 million kilograms of rice, making it one of the largest consumers of this popular grain in the world. However, 40% of rice available in the market is discarded, contributing to the country’s CO2 footprint. Given that CO2 emissions are recognized as a significant contributor to climate change and efforts aimed at their reduction are proving insufficient for combatting the global increase in temperature, various approaches aimed at its removal from the atmosphere have been proposed. The goal of this study is to contribute to this initiative by proposing a new method for CO2 removal based on a special gas contact device filled with buffered puffed rice cakes obtained by heating in a purposely designed sealed chamber at high pressure to obtain layers with 9−12 mm thickness. The resulting cakes are subsequently immersed in a sodium hydroxide liquor (0.25−2.5 M) to increase the moisture content to 5% and pH to >11.0. In the experiments, different rice structures (stacked layers, rice grains, and multi-spaced layers) were tested, varying the CO2 percentage in the simulated effluent gas (1−15%). The highest CO2 uptake value (7.52 × 10−3 mole CO2/cm2 rice cake surface area) was achieved using 10% CO2 and a 500 mL/min flow rate with rice cakes of 80 mm diameter, comprising 12 mm thick layers that occupied 20% of the device volume. These results indicate that the proposed design exhibits high CO2 removal efficiency and should be further optimized in future investigations.
Very low overhead fault-tolerant quantum error correction with the surface-GKP code (2021)

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is essential for implementing quantum algorithms of significant practical importance. In this work, we propose a highly effective use of the surface-GKP code, i.e., the surface code consisting of bosonic GKP qubits instead of bare two-dimensional qubits. In our proposal, we use error-corrected two-qubit gates between GKP qubits and introduce a maximum likelihood decoding strategy for correcting shift errors in the two-GKP-qubit gates. Our proposed decoding reduces the total CNOT failure rate of the GKP qubits, e.g., from $0.87\%$ to $0.36\%$ at a GKP squeezing of $12$dB, compared to the case where the simple closest-integer decoding is used. Then, by concatenating the GKP code with the surface code, we find that the threshold GKP squeezing is given by $9.9$dB under the the assumption that finite-squeezing of the GKP states is the dominant noise source. More importantly, we show that a low logical failure rate $p_{L} < 10^{-7}$ can be achieved with moderate hardware requirements, e.g., $291$ modes and $97$ qubits at a GKP squeezing of $12$dB as opposed to $1457$ bare qubits for the standard rotated surface code at an equivalent noise level (i.e., $p=0.36\%$). Such a low failure rate of our surface-GKP code is possible through the use of space-time correlated edges in the matching graphs of the surface code decoder. Further, all edge weights in the matching graphs are computed dynamically based on analog information from the GKP error correction using the full history of all syndrome measurement rounds. We also show that a highly-squeezed GKP state of GKP squeezing $\gtrsim 12$dB can be experimentally realized by using a dissipative stabilization method, namely, the Big-small-Big method, with fairly conservative experimental parameters. Lastly, we introduce a three-level ancilla scheme to mitigate ancilla decay errors during a GKP state preparation.
Adaptive digital slope compensation for peak current mode control (2009)

Peak current mode control as well as digital control offers a number of benefits. Therefore it is an interesting approach to combine these two techniques in one control structure. Based on microcontrollers with on-chip comparators, this combination is realizable with very low effort. In order to eliminate the drawbacks of peak current mode control, a slope compensation has to be added. This paper presents such a slope compensation implemented on a microcontroller not using an analog ramp signal but instead pre-calculating the desired comparator switch-off threshold. In contrast to conventional analog control, adaptive algorithms can be used to maintain optimal slope compensation over a wide operating range. Problems that occur in practice due to reverse recovery current spike and computing time can be handled with simple measures. The effectiveness of the proposed digital slope compensation is verified by experimental results.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells Informs Clinical Decisions between AR Signaling Inhibitors and Taxanes in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2017)

The heterogeneity of an individual patient's tumor has been linked to treatment resistance, but quantitative biomarkers to rapidly and reproducibly evaluate heterogeneity in a clinical setting are currently lacking. Using established tools available in a College of American Pathologists-accredited and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified clinical laboratory, we quantified digital pathology features on 9,225 individual circulating tumor cells (CTC) from 179 unique metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients to define phenotypically distinct cell types. Heterogeneity was quantified on the basis of the diversity of cell types in individual patient samples using the Shannon index and associated with overall survival (OS) in the 145 specimens collected prior to initiation of the second or later lines of therapy. Low CTC phenotypic heterogeneity was associated with better OS in patients treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI), whereas high heterogeneity was associated with better OS in patients treated with taxane chemotherapy. Overall, the results show that quantifying CTC phenotypic heterogeneity can help inform the choice between ARSI and taxanes in mCRPC patients. <i>Cancer Res; 77(20); 5687-98. ©2017 AACR</i>.
The molecular manipulation of milk composition (1989)

The introduction of cloned genes into the mouse germ line is now routine. Although more difficult technically, gene transfer has been accomplished in farm animals and offers the potential for genetic improvement. In this regard, we have been investigating the use of transgenic animals as production vehicles for high value proteins in milk. We have shown that DNA sequences derived from the gene encoding sheep beta-lactoglobulin mediate efficient and specific expression in the mammary gland. A fusion gene comprising beta-lactoglobulin sequences and those encoding antihemophilic human factor IX has been constructed. This construct has been introduced into sheep; it is expressed in the mammary gland, and the corresponding protein is secreted into milk.
The Minimal Gene Complement of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> (1995)

The complete nucleotide sequence (580,070 base pairs) of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome, the smallest known genome of any free-living organism, has been determined by whole-genome random sequencing and assembly. A total of only 470 predicted coding regions were identified that include genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. Comparison of this genome to that of Haemophilus influenzae suggests that differences in genome content are reflected as profound differences in physiology and metabolic capacity between these two organisms.
Characterization of resistive transmission lines by short-pulse propagation (1992)

A method for completely characterizing resistive transmission lines by short-pulse propagation is described. Using the loss and dispersion of pulses propagated on two different lengths of line, together with the measured low-frequency capacitance, the frequency-dependent propagation constant, attenuation, and the complex impedance are determined. The basic method is demonstrated with results from low-loss cables and a well-controlled coplanar waveguide sample.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Options for a Steady-State Compact Fusion Neutron Source (2012)

The new approach in advancing the use of fusion, “Fusion for Neutrons” (F4N), is proposed. The application of a small or medium size Spherical Tokamak (ST) as a powerful steady-state fusion neutron source (FNS) is discussed. An overview of various conceptual designs of such neutron sources is given and they are compared with a recently proposed Super Compact Fusion Neutron Source (SCFNS). It is shown that SCFNS with major radius as low as 0.5 is feasible and could produce several MW of neutrons in a steady-state regime.
Si–Sb–Te materials for phase change memory applications (2011)

Si-Sb-Te materials including Te-rich Si₂Sb₂Te₆ and Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ with different Si contents have been systemically studied with the aim of finding the most suitable Si-Sb-Te composition for phase change random access memory (PCRAM) use. Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ shows better thermal stability than Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ or Si₂Sb₂Te₆ in that Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ does not have serious Te separation under high annealing temperature. As Si content increases, the data retention ability of Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ improves. The 10 years retention temperature for Si₃Sb₂Te₃ film is ~393 K, which meets the long-term data storage requirements of automotive electronics. In addition, Si richer Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ films also show improvement on thickness change upon annealing and adhesion on SiO₂ substrate compared to those of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ or Si₂Sb₂Te₆ films. However, the electrical performance of PCRAM cells based on Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ films with x > 3.5 becomes worse in terms of stable and long-term operations. Si(x)Sb₂Te₃ materials with 3 < x < 3.5 are proved to be suitable for PCRAM use to ensure good overall performance.