gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and nonstructural performance of a seismically isolated building using stable unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (2015)

Summary Stable unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (SU‐FREIs) exhibit a characteristic horizontal softening and stiffening response, similar to other adaptive devices such as the triple friction pendulum and sliding systems with variable curvature. The transition between the softening and stiffening occurs at a displacement corresponding to a unique deformation known as full rollover . In this paper, the full rollover displacement of SU‐FREIs is altered by using modified support geometry (MSG), a geometric modification of the upper and lower supports applied to tailor the hysteresis loops of the isolator. Experimental results are used to calibrate a numerical model of a base‐isolated structure. The model demonstrates that the stiffening regime provides minimal restraint against displacements during events that meet or exceed the maximum considered earthquake. A parametric study revealed that the level of stiffening required to restrain displacements during large events is significant. This increase in stiffness is reflected in an increase in the response of the structure and light nonstructural components. Full rollover and MSG is considered advantageous to maintain horizontal stability and provide control over the stiffening of SU‐FREIs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption and Oxidation of Nitrogen Oxide in Ionic Liquids (2016)

A new strategy for capturing nitrogen oxide, NO, from the gas phase is presented. Dilute NO gas is removed from the gas phase by ionic liquids under ambient conditions. The nitrate anion of the ionic liquid catalyzes the oxidation of NO to nitric acid by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of water. The nitric acid is absorbed in the ionic liquid up to approximately one mole HNO3 per mole of the ionic liquid due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. The nitric acid can be desorbed by heating, thereby regenerating the ionic liquid with excellent reproducibility. Here, time-resolved in-situ spectroscopic investigations of the reaction and products are presented. The procedure reveals a new vision for removing the pollutant NO by absorption into a non-volatile liquid and converting it into a useful bulk chemical, that is, HNO3 .
An Isotropic 8.5 MHz magneti meta-lens (2011)

In this paper, we propose an isotropic metamaterial lens (meta-lens) with an operational frequency of 8.5 MHz for imaging applications. The cubic unit cells, composed of inductor-and and capacitor-loaded split rings, are aligned in a periodic three-dimensional dimensional lattice. The meta-lens provides an effective isotropic permeability μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> = -1 at 8.5 MHz. The lens enhances the evanescent fields, producing strong magnetic fields and sharp subwavelength resolution at the image plane. Measurements of a fabricated meta-lens were found to match full-wave simulations.
Delaying chloroplast turnover increases water-deficit stress tolerance through the enhancement of nitrogen assimilation in rice (2017)

Abiotic stress-induced senescence in crops is a process particularly affecting the photosynthetic apparatus, decreasing photosynthetic activity and inducing chloroplast degradation. A pathway for stress-induced chloroplast degradation that involves the CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV) gene was characterized in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. OsCV expression was up-regulated with the age of the plants and when plants were exposed to water-deficit conditions. The down-regulation of OsCV expression contributed to the maintenance of the chloroplast integrity under stress. OsCV-silenced plants displayed enhanced source fitness (i.e. carbon and nitrogen assimilation) and photorespiration, leading to water-deficit stress tolerance. Co-immunoprecipitation, intracellular co-localization, and bimolecular fluorescence demonstrated the in vivo interaction between OsCV and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (OsGS2), affecting source-sink relationships of the plants under stress. Our results would indicate that the OsCV-mediated chloroplast degradation pathway is involved in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation during stress-induced plant senescence.
Video object segmentation (2002)

In this thesis, the problems associated with the automatic object segmentation of the video sequences are considered. Towards this goal, a unique framework that combines various disciplines of image and video processing techniques ranged from noise filtering to data clustering is developed. The framework also addresses a number of challenging issues associated with computational complexity, accuracy, generality, and robustness. 
One of the primary aims of this thesis is to study the fusion of color, texture, motion, shape, frame difference, and other methods of video segmentation for automatic detection considering the real-time processing requirements. In contrast to frame-wise tracking techniques, the employment of a spatiotemporal data that is constructed from multiple video frames introduces new degrees of freedom that can be exploited in terms of object extraction and content analysis. The current notions of region segmentation are extended to the spatiotemporal domain, and new models to estimate the object motion are derived. 
Another objective of this work is to explore techniques and algorithms that provide efficient means of preprocessing of input video sequence. The newly designed image simplification and reconstruction filters enable us to develop efficient algorithms for noise removal, and they prevent from over segmentation difficulties. The problem of adaptation of system parameters and thresholds is formulated and solved. Also, the relation between the color space and the similarity functions is investigated. 
As a final objective of this thesis, a clustering problem that considers construction of meaningful video objects from color homogeneous regions is examined. Specifically, the fine-to-coarse and coarse-to-fine strategies are discussed. Novel de scriptors to evaluate the quantitative and relational attributes of the extracted objects are introduced. Additionally, new sources of motion information is considered, such as the trajectory definition of an object. Also, the area of multi-resolution object representation is explored.
Optical Proximity Communication With Passively Aligned Silicon Photonic Chips (2009)

We report high-fidelity 10-Gb/s optical-proximity-communication using reflecting mirrors micro-machined into silicon and co-integrated with low-loss silicon-on-insulator waveguides for packaged chip-to-chip communication. Device integration was carried out by dry etching a rib waveguide 8 mum wide that was tapered to a width of 13 mu m and subsequently truncated with a wet-etched, micro-mirror facet forming a 54deg angle with the (100) surface. Light in waveguides on a bottom chip can couple to waveguides on a top chip upon face-to-face positioning so that the reflecting mirrors form a coupled pair and complete an optical proximity hop. High-speed link measurements were accomplished with chips aligned with a six-axis nano-positioner stage and compared with results for a new precision alignment approach that packages silicon chips for proximity signaling. Our new packaging approach is based on the co-integration of pyramidal etch pits micro-machined into silicon that match a precision micro-sphere for accurate chip alignment. Assemblies of chips can self-align in the package using chip placement that is initially coarse. The final chip alignment accuracy of our new packaging approach is limited by photolithographic resolution. Additionally, multichip arrays can be aligned together with global positioning having similar precision. Nonreturn-to-zero data was fiber launched into the waveguides and transported across a package consisting of a three-chip assembly with two optical proximity hops for inter-chip communication. Continuous wave optical losses, eye diagrams, bit error rates, and power penalties were measured. A passively aligned chip-to-chip optical proximity hop in the package was measured to have optical coupling loss of 4.0 dB, which was 1 dB more than when measured with precision-aligned chips with a nano-positioning stage. RMS jitter and amplitude metrics for the eye quality are shown to be nearly identical (to within 1%) when OPxC hops associated with the package is inserted into 10-Gb/s links. This self-aligned mechanism enables chip packages for several classes of proximity communication.
Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination (2018)

Steam generation using solar energy provides the basis for many sustainable desalination, sanitization, and process heating technologies. Recently, interest has arisen for low-cost floating structures that absorb solar radiation and transfer energy to water via thermal conduction, driving evaporation. However, contact between water and the structure leads to fouling and pins the vapour temperature near the boiling point. Here we demonstrate solar-driven evaporation using a structure not in contact with water. The structure absorbs solar radiation and re-radiates infrared photons, which are directly absorbed by the water within a sub-100 μm penetration depth. Due to the physical separation from the water, fouling is entirely avoided. Due to the thermal separation, the structure is no longer pinned at the boiling point, and is used to superheat the generated steam. We generate steam with temperatures up to 133 °C, demonstrating superheated steam in a non-pressurized system under one sun illumination.
Transmission electron microscopy study of the formation of epitaxial CoSi2/Si (111) by a room-temperature codeposition technique (1988)

Co and Si have been codeposited on Si (111) substrates near room temperature in a stoichiometric 1:2 ratio in a molecular beam epitaxy system. Annealing of these deposits yields high-quality single-crystal CoSi2 layers. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to examine as-deposited layers and layers annealed at 300, 500, and 600 °C. Single-crystal epitaxial grains of CoSi2 embedded in a matrix of amorphous Co/Si are observed in as-deposited samples, while the layer is predominantly single-crystal, inhomogeneously strained CoSi2 at 300 °C. At 600 °C, a homogeneously strained single-crystal layer with a high density of pinholes is observed. In contrast to other solid phase epitaxy techniques used to grow CoSi2 on Si (111), no intermediate silicide phases are observed prior to the formation of CoSi2.
Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transfer Over 10 m With Multiple Coils Immersed in Seawater (2019)

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is used for exploring marine resources and monitoring infrastructure facilities. Because an AUV is powered by batteries, it needs to be lifted out of the water to have them replaced or recharged. Thus, wirelessly feeding power to an AUV under the sea would improve the efficiency of marine activities. However, it is difficult to wirelessly power an object under the sea because seawater has high conductivity. We examine the electromagnetic field in lossy materials such as a conductor, a coil cover, and seawater. We design a wireless magnetic resonance-based power transfer system with multiple coils using bandpass filter (BPF) theory. The coil structure is sealed so that water cannot enter it. We perform experiments on this system completely immersed in seawater and measure the coil coupling coefficient, efficiency, and wattage. The results confirm wireless power transfer exceeding a distance of 10 m in an undersea setting. We verify the transmission efficiency by changing the receiving-coil position on the central axis of the transfer coils. Furthermore, we confirm a dependence on transfer on the order of 1 to 100 W.
Lazy Persistency: A High-Performing and Write-Efficient Software Persistency Technique (2018)

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) are expected to be included in future main memory, providing the opportunity to host important data persistently in main memory. However, achieving persistency requires that programs be written with failure-safety in mind. Many persistency models and techniques have been proposed to help the programmer reason about failure-safety. They require that the programmer eagerly flush data out of caches to make it persistent. Eager persistency comes with a large overhead because it adds many instructions to the program for flushing cache lines and incurs costly stalls at barriers to wait for data to become durable. To reduce these overheads, we propose Lazy Persistency (LP), a software persistency technique that allows caches to slowly send dirty blocks to the NVMM through natural evictions. With LP, there are no additional writes to NVMM, no decrease in write endurance, and no performance degradation from cache line flushes and barriers. Persistency failures are discovered using software error detection (checksum), and the system recovers from them by recomputing inconsistent results. We describe the properties and design of LP and demonstrate how it can be applied to loop-based kernels popularly used in scientific computing. We evaluate LP and compare it to the state-of-the-art Eager Persistency technique from prior work. Compared to it, LP reduces the execution time and write amplification overheads from 9% and 21% to only 1% and 3%, respectively.
Impact of Iub flow control on the proportional fair scheduler in HSDPA (2008)

One of the key elements of the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is the fast scheduler located at the base station. For the scheduler to operate efficiently, sufficient amount of traffic needs to be buffered at the base station. However, the users' buffers at the base station are managed by a flow control protocol in order to minimize data loss during handover. We evaluate the necessity of such protocol under reliable higher layer protocols such as RLC and TCP especially at low traffic load and less frequent handover conditions. The impact of this flow control on the Proportional Fair scheduler (PF) is analyzed by comparing two flow control algorithms to the hypothetical case when flow control is eliminated from the system. The results indicate that eliminating the flow control greatly improves the scheduler performance and increases the overall system throughput at low traffic load. However, at high traffic load, eliminating the flow control increases handover data loss to a point that negates the positive improvement of the scheduler performance and reduces the effective system throughput.
Robotic High Thoroughput Multiplex PCR Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping of Apheresis Platelet Donors. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2106 Poster Board II-83 Background Phenotyping blood donors for human platelet antigens (HPAs) can be limited by the availability of antibodies and methodologies. Robotic high throughput multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology provides the opportunity to perform mass genotyping for HPAs to screen apheresis donors who are negative for antigens implicated in alloimmune thrombocytopenia. This technology needs to be validated by standard polymerase chain reaction-SSP to establish a repository of platelet donors to allow for timely and adequate platelet support for patients requiring HPA-matched platelets. The objective of this study is to validate the use of high throughput SNP technology. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 750 regular apheresis donors. Platelet apheresis donors were identified from Canadian Blood Services' Toronto Centre and genotyped for HPA 1-5 and 15 using high throughput SNP (SNPStream®) technology. HPAs were genotyped using both the sense and antisense DNA strands of each polymorphism to ensure maximum specificity. The genotypes identified by SNP were confirmed by standard methods thus all donors found to be negative for antigens implicated in alloimmune thrombocytopenia were retested using manual (sequence specific SSP-PCR at Canadian Blood Services' Platelet Immunology Laboratory and at the Toronto Centre. Results Of the 750 donors that were screened, 130 donors were found to be negative for antigens implicated in alloimmune thrombocytopenia based on SNP technology. The table illustrates genotyping results using SNP technology and SSP-PCR confirmation to date. In some instances, donors were homozygous for two low frequency HPA genotypes: 2 donors were homozygous for both HPA-1b/b and -2b/b, 6 donors for HPA-1b/b and -3b/b, 1 donor for HPA-2b/b and -3b/b, 1 donor for HPA-1b/b and -5b/b, 10 donors for HPA-1b/b and -15b/b, 4 donors for HPA-5b/b and -15b/b and 1 donor for HPA-2b/b and 15-b/b. HPA System Number of Genotypes Identified by SNP Technology Discrepant results Identified by SSP HPA-1 b/b 15 2 (13%) HPA-2 b/b 8 3 (27%) HPA-3 b/b 25 1 (4%) HPA-5 b/b 1 0 HPA-15 b/b 9 1 (11%) Conclusions: Robotic high throughput multiplex PCR SNP is potentially useful for mass genotyping of apheresis platelet donors and can identify both low frequency antigen-negative donors and combinations of these genotypes. This technology needs to be further developed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
<title>Suppression of ghost images and side lobes in acousto-optic devices</title> (1998)

An analysis to estimate the effect of transducer apodization and discontinuities in acousto-optic devices is presented. Theoretical and experimental results show that a transducer sectioned with oblique cuts does not increase side-lobe levels while cuts normal to the optical propagation direction produce objectionable side-lobes far from the central peak.
Third-harmonic generation modulation achieved through ground-state depletion (2019)

Without real-state transition, third-harmonic generation (THG) cannot be modulated simply by fluorescence-based methods. However, utilizing the absorption-enhancement property of THG, the modulation of THG intensity has been demonstrated through ground-state depletion (GSD) in this Letter. By suppressing the absorption of materials with GSD, the THG intensity can be reduced due to a decreasing of absorption enhancement. The ability to modulate THG intensity can benefit from applying super-resolution techniques to THG microscopy.
Processing Conjugated-Diene-Containing Polymers (1987)

The results show that Indomethacin-Short-Term-Therapy as well as Single-Dose-Radiatio with 6 Gy can reliably prevent the occurrence of severe PAO. Both therapeutic concepts therefore can be employed as prophylaxis in primary endoprosthetic operations. The choice between the two procedures will then mainly be determined by given logistic conditions in the clinic, specific contraindications of the patient and financial considerations.
Breathable rubbery skin protectors: Design, synthesis, characterization, and properties of cyanoacrylated silicone rubber networks (2015)

We extended our investigations of rubbery wound closure adhesives and created novel flexible networks by crosslinking cyanoacrylated silicone rubbers (i.e., commercial methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, PMHS-co-PDMS) with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine in tetrahydrofuran and hexamethyldisiloxane solvents at room temperature. Cyanoacrylation was achieved by hydrosilating (anthracene-protected) allyl cyanoacrylate with PMHS-co-PDMS. Steric hindrance and the molecular weight of the copolymer strongly affect the extent of hydrosilation. The rate of crosslinking is proportional with the number of cyanoacrylate groups in the copolymer and networks form in seconds with appropriate amounts of initiator. Networks on porcine skin yield well-adhering flexible optically-transparent colorless conformal coatings of good “feel” appropriate for clinically useful non-occlusive “breathable” skin or wound protectors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1367-1372
Coded time of flight cameras (2013)

Time of flight cameras produce real-time range maps at a relatively low cost using continuous wave amplitude modulation and demodulation. However, they are geared to measure range (or phase) for a single reflected bounce of light and suffer from systematic errors due to multipath interference. We re-purpose the conventional time of flight device for a new goal: to recover per-pixel sparse time profiles expressed as a sequence of impulses. With this modification, we show that we can not only address multipath interference but also enable new applications such as recovering depth of near-transparent surfaces, looking through diffusers and creating time-profile movies of sweeping light. Our key idea is to formulate the forward amplitude modulated light propagation as a convolution with custom codes, record samples by introducing a simple sequence of electronic time delays, and perform sparse deconvolution to recover sequences of Diracs that correspond to multipath returns. Applications to computer vision include ranging of near-transparent objects and subsurface imaging through diffusers. Our low cost prototype may lead to new insights regarding forward and inverse problems in light transport.
Texel programs for random-access antialiased vector graphics (2007)

There has been a recent renewal of interest in anomalously high energy transfer through otherwise opaque metal film geometries. One of the earliest such systems, that of surface plasmon cross coupling in a sinusoidally corrugated continuous metal film, was studied by Gruhlke et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2838 (1986)]. We show that it is possible to use a nonperturbative method to accurately predict this coupling, and we use this method to analyze both intrinsic coupling in symmetric structures and grating-assisted cross coupling in asymmetric structures.
Production of polyacrylamide gel filled capillaries for capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE): Influence of capillary surface pretreatment on performance and stability (1990)

Abstract Polyacrylamide gel filled capillaries for electrophoresis can be improved in performance and stability by a specially optimized and reproducible production procedure. After surface pretreatment as described in this contribution, gels polymerized in capillaries are stable for long series of routine separations. Bubbles formation during gel polymerization can be avoided. The procedure is compared with those described by other authors. Separations of different oligonucleotide samples illustrate the quality of the gel capillaries obtained. The peak symmetry achieved proved to be better than that obtained without surface pretreatment.
Photonic crystal fiber devices (2003)

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been receiving increasing attention over the past few years. They are single material fibers that use an array of air holes in the cladding to confine light to a core, instead of the more usual refractive index step within the solid material of a conventional fiber. As PCFs become more well-understood mainstream structures, the need arises to develop techniques to process them post-fabrication to form all-fiber devices. We have chosen to study heat-treatment processes analogous to the tapering of conventional fibers, except that in PCFs there is a second degree of freedom to exploit. Not only can the fiber be stretched to locally reduce its cross-sectional area, the air holes can be changed in size by heating alone under the effect of surface tension.