gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optomechanical RF Signal Processing (2009)

We have explored the applications of optomechanical oscillator (OMO) as an RF signal-processing element. RF frequency-conversion and injection locking in the optomechanical domain are demonstrated in the context of a microtoroidal OMO.
Corneal tissue water content mapping with THz imaging: preliminary clinical results(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Well-regulated corneal water content is critical for ocular health and function and can be adversely affected by a number of diseases and injuries. Current clinical practice limits detection of unhealthy corneal water content levels to central corneal thickness measurements performed by ultrasound or optical coherence tomography. Trends revealing increasing or decreasing corneal thickness are fair indicators of corneal water content by individual measurements are highly inaccurate due to the poorly understood relationship between corneal thickness and natural physiologic variation. Recently the utility of THz imaging to accuarately measure corneal water content has been explored on with rabbit models. Preliminary experiments revealed that contact with dielectric windows confounded imaging data and made it nearly impossible to deconvolve thickness variations due to contact from thickness variations due to water content variation. A follow up study with a new optical design allowed the acquisition of rabbit data and the results suggest that the observed, time varying contrast was due entirely to the water dynamics of the cornea. This paper presents the first ever in vivo images of human cornea. Five volunteers with healthy cornea were recruited and their eyes were imaged three times over the course of a few minutes with our novel imaging system. Noticeable changes in corneal reflectivity were observed and attributed to the drying of the tear film. The results suggest that clinically compatible, non-contact corneal imaging is feasible and indicate that signal acquired from non-contact imaging of the cornea is a complicated coupling of stromal water content and tear film.
TV Video-Level Controller (1986)

Constant output maintained, though luminance varies by 5 million to 1. Three means of normalizing video output utilized in video-level controller: iris adjustment, tube voltage adjustment, and automatic gain control. With aid of automatic light control and gain control, television camera accommodates maximum light level 5 million times greater than lowest light level, while outputting constant 3-V peak signal to processing circuitry.
Cepstral representation of speech motivated by time–frequency masking: An application to speech recognition (1996)

A new spectral representation incorporating time-frequency forward masking is proposed. This masked spectral representation is efficiently represented by a quefrency domain parameter called dynamic-cepstrum (DyC). Automatic speech recognition experiments have demonstrated that DyC powerfully improves performance in phoneme classification and phrase recognition. This new spectral representation simulates a perceived spectrum. It enhances formant transition, which provides relevant cues for phoneme perception, while suppressing temporally stationary spectral properties, such as the effect of microphone frequency characteristics or the speaker-dependent time-invariant spectral feature. These features are advantageous for speaker-independent speech recognition. DyC can efficiently represent both the instantaneous and transitional aspects of a running spectrum with a vector of the same size as a conventional cepstrum. DyC is calculated from a cepstrum time sequence using a matrix lifter. Each column vector of the matrix lifter performs spectral smoothing. Smoothing characteristics are a function of the time interval between a masker and a signal. DyC outperformed a conventional cepstrum parameter obtained through linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis for both phoneme classification and phrase recognition by using hidden Markov models (HMMs). Compared with speaker-dependent recognition, an even greater improvement over the cepstrum parameter was found in speaker-independent speech recognition. Furthermore, DyC with only 16 coefficients exhibited higher speech recognition performance than a combination of the cepstrum and a delta-cepstrum with 32 coefficients for the classification experiment of phonemes contaminated by noises.
3D Interaction Using Autostereoscopic Displays (2004)

Related Work: Multimo3D group at HeinrichHertz-Institute, Phillips Labs. 5-Year Plan • Explore interaction over the Internet • Integration with hand gesture recognition and 10.2 audio • Determine minimum necessary resolution and image quality • Determine maximum tolerable latency • Determine effectiveness of various stereo video compression and display modes in immersive applications A NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER
Daytime GEO Satellite Characterization with the HANDSIONS Camera (2012)

Daytime imaging of GEO satellites is challenging due to the bright background of the daytime sky. However, with the appropriate selection of wavelengths, we show that it is possible to detect GEO satellites in the infrared. The design of the purpose-built camera system for detecting GEO satellites is discussed, along with the anticipated performance of the system.
Retrospective Evaluation of an Always-on Cherenkov Imaging System for Radiotherapy Quality Improvement (2021)

Purpose: Cherenkov imaging is now clinically available to track the course of radiation therapy as a treatment verification tool. The aim of this work was to discover the benefits of always-on Cherenkov images as a novel incident detection and quality improvement system through retrospective review of imaging in our center. Methods: Continuous imaging of all patients was attempted during a 12-month period by automating the acquisition of Cherenkov imaging using an always-on commercial system. Multi-camera systems were installed in two treatment bunkers in the radiation oncology clinic at our center and one bunker in an affiliated satellite clinic. Images were acquired as part of normal treatment procedure and reviewed retrospectively with potential incidents flagged for evaluation by the physician and medical physics teams. Results: In total, 622 patients were imaged as part of this study. In this summary, 9 patients were identified with incidents occurring during their course of treatment that were detected only with Cherenkov imaging. Incidents were found relating to issues during simulation, planning, pre-treatment review, and treatment delivery, however none of the incidents were detected prior to treatment delivery. Primary areas of improvement identified in this study are dose to unintended areas in planning, dose to unintended areas due to positioning, and non-ideal bolus placement during setup. Case studies are presented highlighting the detection of these issues using Cherenkov imaging. Conclusions: All detected events were deemed below the threshold for reporting, but their observation could lead to quality improvement in practice. Perhaps most importantly, the imaging was seamless with no effort required by the radiotherapy team and provided both real-time and permanent records of what was delivered in each fraction.
Monitoring intracellular cavitation during selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium (2003)

Selective targeting of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), by either applying trains of microsecond laser pulses or, in our approach, by repetitively scanning a tightly focused spot across the retina, achieves destruction of RPE cells while avoiding damage to the overlying photoreceptors. Both techniques have been demonstrated as attractive methods for the treatment of retinal diseases that are caused by a dysfunction of the RPE. Because the lesions are ophthalmoscopically invisible, an online control system that monitors cell death during irradiation is essential to ensure efficient and selective treatment in a clinical application. Bubble formation inside the RPE cells has been shown to be the cell damage mechanism for nano- and picosecond pulses. We built an optical system to investigate whether the same mechanism extends into the microsecond regime. The system detects changes in backscattered light of the irradiating beam during exposure. Samples of young bovine eyes were exposed in vitro using single pulses ranging from 3 μs to 50 μs. Using the viability assay calcein-AM the ED50 threshold for cell death was determined and compared to the threshold for bubble formation. We also set up a detection system on our slit lamp adapted scanning system in order to determine the feasibility of monitoring threshold RPE damage during selective laser treatment in vivo. Intracellular cavitation was detected as a transient increase in backscattering signal, either of an external probe beam or of the irradiation beam itself. Monitoring with the irradiation beam is both simpler and more sensitive. We found the threshold for bubble formation to coincide with the threshold for cell damage for pulse durations up to 20 μs, suggesting that cavitation is the main mechanism of cell damage. For pulse widths longer than 20 μs, the cell damage mechanism appears to be increasingly thermal as the two thresholds diverge. We conclude that bubble detection can be used to monitor therapeutic endpoint for pulse durations up to 20 μs (or equivalent dwell time in a scanning approach). We have integrated a detection module into our slit lamp adapted laser scanner in order to determine threshold RPE damage during selective laser treatment in vivo.
Functional analysis of recombinant bovine CD14 (2003)

Studies in mice and humans indicate that membrane CD14 (mCD14) on the surface of monocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) mediate activation of these cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Soluble CD14 (sCD14), in the circulation, binds to LPS and blocks LPS binding to mCD14. The role of bovine CD14 in cellular activation by LPS is undefined. Changes in CD18 expression on PMN and steady state levels of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, sensitive markers for activation of leukocytes by LPS, were used to measure functional activity of recombinant bovine sCD14 (rbosCD14). Whole blood (n=3 cows) treated with LPS alone caused CD18 expression on PMN to increase by 12% (P<0.02), whereas pre-incubation of LPS with 10 or 100 microg/mL of rbosCD14 completely inhibited increase in CD18 expression. After treating whole blood with LPS at concentrations of 1, 100 or 10(4) ng/mL for 2 h, level of mRNA for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in leukocytes and concentration of TNF-alpha in plasma increased. However, pre-incubation of LPS with rbosCD14 inhibited the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA, but not the increase in IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA. Excess amount of anti-human CD14 monoclonal antibody (MAB) also inhibited LPS-induced increase in TNF-alpha mRNA. Preincubation of LPS with rbosCD14, or rbosCD14 plus MAB did not affect LPS-induced increase in TNF-alpha in plasma. Collectively, results indicate that rbosCD14 inhibit LPS-induced increase in CD18 expression and TNF-alpha mRNA. However, secretion of TNF-alpha was not inhibited by pre-incubation of LPS with rbosCD14. The TNF-alpha in plasma may partially induce transcription of IL-6 and IL-8, which contribute to the CD14-independent increase in level of mRNA for IL-6 and IL 8.
A First Mutation in the Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Gene Encoding [P151L]TFPI (1998)

To the Editor:

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an important regulator in the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway.[1-3][1] Although the regulatory biochemical role of TFPI is evident, the clinical significance of this proteinase inhibitor remains to be elucidated. The definition of a
Towards a pan‐group activator of the quorum sensing system in the common pathogen <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2018)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical communication process that allows bacteria to regulate gene expression based on changes in population density and environmental cues, thereby enabling bacteria to coordinate their behaviors on a community‐wide scale. Among pathogens, QS is often found to play an important role in virulence. One such pathogen is the Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis . S. epidermidis is a leading cause of hospital‐acquired infections, and these infections are difficult to eradicate via traditional antibiotic therapy due to increasing antibiotic resistance and the formation of robust biofilms. The pathogenesis of S. epidermidis is mainly under the control of the accessory gene regulator ( agr ) QS system. agr activation is achieved by the binding of the cyclic peptide (an autoinducing peptide or AIP) signal to its cognate receptor AgrC. Synthetic compounds that target the agr system could represent valuable tools to elucidate the roles of QS and the agr system during S. epidermidis infections. S. epidermidis can be classified into three specificity groups (I, II, or III) based on the unique AIP sequence used by each group (AIP‐I, ‐II, or ‐III). A previous study characterizing the AIP‐I signal has yielded synthetic group‐specific and pan‐group inhibitors targeting the S. epidermidis agr system. The development of pan‐group activators of the agr system is of significant interest, however, as agr activation can reduce biofilm formation by S. epidermidis . To date, no such activators have been identified. The present study was directed toward the identification of synthetic pan‐group agr activators in S. epidermidis by studying and delineating the structure‐activity relationships (SARs) of AIPs‐I, ‐II, and ‐III. Our preliminary data show that the residues at the exocyclic tail region of AIP‐II and AIP‐III are important to maintain the efficacy and potency of the native AIPs, as well as the residues that are important for receptor activation, causing a switch in certain cases from activator to inhibitor. We have also identified endocyclic residues that are important to receptor binding and activation, as well as residues that are more tolerant to change. Utilizing the findings from these systematic SARs studies for all three native AIPs, we designed a small set of AIP analogs containing features hypothesized to be important for receptor activation in each agr group, and tested these AIP analogs in all three groups using reporter strains. From this focused set of AIP analogs, we discovered the first set of pan‐group activators of S. epidermidis agr system. Current efforts are directed toward improving the potency and the efficacy of these compounds, and their application to reduce biofilm accumulation of S. epidermidis on abiotic surfaces. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Abstract 4580: A novel role for Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) in tumor proliferation: modulation by a humanized anti-JAM-A monoclonal antibody (2011)

Abstract Biotherapeutic drugs in oncology are generating a great enthusiasm, and tremendous amount of effort is made to identify new targets for the development of new therapeutics. Functional approaches using tumor cells as immunogens have been performed in order to select on the basis of their function, molecules that, targeted by monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), would induce inhibition of cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Using this type of approaches coupled to a target identification plateform, we had identified an antibody, named 6F4 that was inhibiting in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. A proteomic analysis using 6F4-tagged beads coupled to a MS analysis indicated that 6F4 Mab specifically recognized the human junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A). These results indicate that the 6F4 anti-JAM-A Mab is able to induce tumor growth inhibition. Mouse 6F4 Mab was humanized by conventional CDR-grafting methods. Immunogenetic analysis was performed based on IMGT databases and bioinformatic tools. The human frameworks (FRs) used as the acceptors for CDR grafting were chosen using the “best-fit” selection procedure. Engineered variants were designed and genes were chemically synthetized, produced as human IgG4/kappa antibodies and evaluated by ELISA and competition with biotinylated mouse 6F4 Mab. One humanized antibody (IgG4 isotype) was selected, it efficiently and potently bound to JAM-A ECD and inhibited binding of mouse 6F4. Its germinality index is &gt; 95 % (CDRs excluded). Humanized 6F4 was further tested in vitro and in vivo models and showed ability to induce tumor regression in animal models in particular in A431 and DU145 tumor models. These results confirm that JAM-A is a potential novel target in Oncology and demonstrate that a functional approach coupled to proteomic analysis can be successfull to identify new antibody target molecules that lead to promising new antibody-based therapies against cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4580. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4580
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TWO NOVEL BICYCLIC SYSTEMS, IMIDAZO(1,5‐D)‐AS‐TRIAZINE AND IMIDAZO(1,2‐D)‐AS‐TRIAZINE (1979)

Abstract Dihydroxy‐aceton (I) oder Diacetyl (V) reagieren mit den Amidin‐hydrochloriden (II) zu den Imidazolen (III) bzw. (IV).
Dimensional Control of Multicomponent Extrusion (1993)

Abstract This paper presents a patented method [1] for relating the output from individual extruders to measured external extrudate dimensions and then for using these dimensions to control individual screw speeds.
<title>Lathe For Generation Of Aspherical Surfaces Of Revolution</title> (1983)

Conventionally, aspherical surfaces of revolution are produced by numerically controlled machines of the XYZ axis configuration or by correction of best fitting spherical surfaces using lapping and polishing techniques. Described here is a machine and means for converting this machine to achieve best fitting toroidal surfaces to a desired aspherical surface. The common chordal generator is a simple machine used to produce spherical surfaces. By revision, it may be made to produce aspherical surfaces of revolution.
Demonstration of Superconducting Optoelectronic Single-Photon Synapses (2022)

Superconducting optoelectronic hardware is being explored as a path towards artificial spiking neural networks with unprecedented scales of complexity and computational ability. Such hardware combines integrated-photonic components for few-photon, light-speed communication with superconducting circuits for fast, energy-efficient computation. Monolithic integration of superconducting and photonic devices is necessary for the scaling of this technology. In the present work, superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors are monolithically integrated with Josephson junctions for the first time, enabling the realization of superconducting optoelectronic synapses. We present circuits that perform analog weighting and temporal leaky integration of single-photon presynaptic signals. Synaptic weighting is implemented in the electronic domain so that binary, single-photon communication can be maintained. Records of recent synaptic activity are locally stored as current in superconducting loops. Dendritic and neuronal nonlinearities are implemented with a second stage of Josephson circuitry. The hardware presents great design flexibility, with demonstrated synaptic time constants spanning four orders of magnitude (hundreds of nanoseconds to milliseconds). The synapses are responsive to presynaptic spike rates exceeding 10 MHz and consume approximately 33 aJ of dynamic power per synapse event before accounting for cooling. In addition to neuromorphic hardware, these circuits introduce new avenues towards realizing large-scale single-photon-detector arrays for diverse imaging, sensing, and quantum communication applications.
Personalized Keyphrase Detection Using Speaker and Environment Information (2021)

In this paper, we introduce a streaming keyphrase detection system that can be easily customized to accurately detect any phrase composed of words from a large vocabulary. The system is implemented with an end-to-end trained automatic speech recognition (ASR) model and a text-independent speaker verification model. To address the challenge of detecting these keyphrases under various noisy conditions, a speaker separation model is added to the feature frontend of the speaker verification model, and an adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) algorithm is included to exploit cross-microphone noise coherence. Our experiments show that the text-independent speaker verification model largely reduces the false triggering rate of the keyphrase detection, while the speaker separation model and adaptive noise cancellation largely reduce false rejections.
Ghost cancellation for advanced compatible TV system using complementary sequences (1992)

An approach to ghost cancellation using complementary sequences as a ghost cancellation reference signal for channel characterization is discussed. The de-ghoster is implemented as two sections in cascade-a recursive or IIR section that uses estimates of the channel coefficients for cancellation of far post-ghosts followed by an FIR section that compensates for pre-ghosts and high-frequency roll-off of the received video. The de-ghoster architecture and algorithm are described in some detail and performance assessment of the system is provided for a representative sample of ghost conditions such as in-phase and quadrature ghosts and multiple near and far ghosts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat transfer device and method of making the same (1990)

Gas derived graphite fibers are generated by the decomposition of an organic gas. These fibers when joined with a suitable binder are used to make a high thermal conductivity composite material. The fibers may be intercalated. The intercalate can be halogen or halide salt, alkaline metal, or any other species which contributes to the electrical conductivity improvement of the graphite fiber. The heat transfer device may also be made of intercalated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and machined, rather than made of fibers.
Reactive index replication for distributed search engines (2012)

Distributed search engines comprise multiple sites deployed across geographically distant regions, each site being specialized to serve the queries of local users. When a search site cannot accurately compute the results of a query, it must forward the query to other sites. This paper considers the problem of selecting the documents indexed by each site focusing on replication to increase the fraction of queries processed locally. We propose RIP, an algorithm for replicating documents and posting lists that is practical and has two important features. RIP evaluates user interests in an online fashion and uses only local data of a site. Being an online approach simplifies the operational complexity, while locality enables higher performance when processing queries and documents. The decision procedure, on top of being online and local, incorporates document popularity and user queries, which is critical when assuming a replication budget for each site. Having a replication budget reflects the hardware constraints of any given site. We evaluate RIP against the approach of replicating popular documents statically, and show that we achieve significant gains, while having the additional benefit of supporting incremental indexes.