gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LatexTestforSerodiagnosis ofInfectious Mononucleosis (1980)

gelelectrophoresis as a single band.Thisglycoprotein carries thereactivity ofbovine erythrocytes withPaul-Bunnell heterophile antibody ofinfectious mononucleosis. Thisbovine glycoprotein was coupled tocarboxyl-modified latex particles withwater-soluble carbodiimide. Theresulting reagent was thenusedtodevelop a new testforthe detection ofinfectious mononucleosis antibody. Thebovine erythrocyte glycoprotein-latex reagent ismore stable thansheep orhorse erythrocytes, thetraditional reagents fordetection ofinfectious mononucleosis antibody. This new reagent is usedinadirect slide test; no preabsorption oftheseraisnecessary.Inthepresent study theglycoprotein-latex reagent compared favorably intermsofsensitivity andspecificity withtwostandard tests forinfectious mononucleosis antibody. Ninety-nine serum samples were tested. Agreement ofthelatex testwitha stabilized horse erythrocyte spottest was 90%.Tensamples were weakly positive withthelatex testandnegative withthehorse celltest. Onlyone ofthese was also positive with anenzyme-treated sheep cell test. Thislatter test was somewhat more sensitive thanthelatex test. Thepresence ofheterophile antibodies for sheeperythrocytes ininfectious mononucleosis (IM)serumwasfirst notedbyPaulandBunnell in1932(12). Soonafter, bovine erythrocyte hemolysins inIMserumweredescribed byBailey andRaffel (2). Theseworkers foundthatnative bovine erythrocytes werenotagglutinated, but didabsorb theantibody andwerelysed inthe presence ofcomplement. Evansetal.(4)reported thebovine erythrocyte hemolysin test to bethemostspecific methodavailable forthe detection ofIMpurified antibody. Inthis laboratory, wehaveisolated andpurified glycoproteins fromanimalerythrocytes, including bovine, horse, sheep, andgoat(5, 7). Eachofthese glycoproteins reacts withIMantibody butnot withantibody ofForssman orserumsickness specificity. However, thebovine glycoprotein is themostreactive byseveral tests, including hemagglutination inhibition, quantitative precipitation, andagargeldiffusion (7). Byasensitive radioimmunoassay, thebovine glycoproteinwasninetimes morereactive withIMantibody thanwasthehorseglycoprotein (6). In thepresent study, wecovalently coupled this bovine erythrocyte glycoprotein tolatex particles. We havedonepreliminary studies toevaluatetheutility ofthis newreagent fordetection ofIM antibody, andwecompared itwithtwo other methods, onebased onsheep erythrocytes andtheother onhorseerythrocytes.
Visible‐Light‐Activated Photocatalytic Films toward Self‐Cleaning Membranes (2020)

Abstract Membranes are among the most promising means of delivering increased supplies of fit‐for‐purpose water, but membrane fouling remains a critical issue restricting their widespread application. Coupling photocatalysis with membrane separation has been proposed as a potentially effective approach to reduce membrane fouling. However, commonly used materials in photocatalysis limit use of low‐cost sources such as sunlight due to their large bandgaps. There are few examples of in situ photocatalytic self‐cleaning of membranes, with removal from the filtration system and ex situ illumination being more common. In this work, a visible‐light‐activated photocatalytic film prepared by nitrogen doping into the lattice of TiO 2 is deposited on commercial ceramic membranes via atomic layer deposition. The synergy between membrane separation and redox reactions between organic pollutants and reactive oxygen species produced by the visible‐light‐activated layer offers a possibility for stable and sustainable membrane operation under in situ solar irradiation.
Full cycle, low loss, low distortion phase modulation from multilayered dielectric stacks with terahertz optical bandwidth (2000)

We present a customized multilayered dielectric stack employed as a broadband phase modulator with 6.3 THz optical bandwidth. The bandpass modulator provides up to a full-cycle of near-uniform phase modulation across a defined signal spectrum with maximized transmission and minimized pulse phase distortion. The modulator offers a compact, lightweight approach to active wavefront phase control for large optical apertures without the use of mechanical actuators. The modulator also provides for rapid signal switching. We contrast the narrowband transmission of a standard Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) with the broadband transmission of our optimized bandpass modulator. We explore techniques for implementing rapid phase modulation while maintaining high average signal transmission levels.
INHIBITION OF LACTOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF BOVINE MAMMARY GLAND EXPLANTS BY THE WHEY FRACTION OF BOVINE MILK (1997)

The regulation of milk constituents, synthesis and secretion in tissue cultures of the bovine mammary gland was altered by a whey fraction of bovine milk. alpha-Casein gene expression, casein secretion and fatty acid synthesis were inhibited by the whey fraction in a dose-dependent manner. The whey fraction inhibited the enhancement activity of prolactin on alpha-casein gene expression and fatty acid synthesis, and also inhibited casein secretion to the medium, in explants cultured in a medium with or without prolactin. No effect on the expression of the beta-lactoglobulin gene was found.
Molecular Classification of Human Diffuse Gliomas by Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Parallels Morphology‐Based Classification, Correlates with Survival, and Reveals Clinically‐Relevant Novel Glioma Subsets (2002)

There are several currently employed classification systems for diffuse gliomas that sort tumors based on histological features. Contemporary molecular techniques, however, offer the promise of improved tumor classification and resultant patient stratification for treatment and prognosis. In particular, gene expression profiling has shown exceptional promise for providing an alternative and more objective molecular approach to glioma classification. In this study, we used cDNA array technology to profile the gene expression of 30 primary human glioma tissue samples comprising 4 different glioma subtypes as defined by current World Health Organization (WHO 2000) criteria: glioblastoma (GM, WHO grade IV), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, WHO grade III), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO, WHO grade III), and oligodendroglioma (OL, WHO grade II). Gene expression data alone were used to group the tumors using multidimensional scaling, which is an unsupervised statistical method. Results show that impressive separation of the 4 glioma subtypes can be achieved solely on the basis of molecular data. In addition, a subcluster of 3 glioblastomas was identified as distinct from other GMs and from the oligodendroglial tumors. These 3 patients have shown extended survival compared to other GMs in the study. Survival analysis of the full data set revealed a good correlation with the molecular classification. Results of this proof-of-principle study demonstrate that molecular profiling alone can recapitulate conventional histologic classification and grading with high fidelity. In addition, results show that the molecular approach to tumor classification can generate clinically meaningful patient stratification, and, more importantly, is an efficient class-discovery tool for human gliomas, permitting the identification of previously unrecognized, clinically relevant tumor subsets.
Three-energy radiography method for uniformity control of composite materials including components with different effective atomic numbers (2013)

Presently, most X-ray security systems for luggage inspection use dual-energy detector. A drawback of this approach is that overlap in energy sensitivity of the low- and high-energy detectors creates the potential for ambiguity and inaccuracy. We have made an attempt to improve the identification quality of organic materials using a three-energy receiving–detecting circuit. New model calculations and several new algorithms for the detection of organic and nonorganic materials under multi-energy radiography were proposed, developed and experimentally verified. The purpose of the present work is study of the possibility of separation between substances with small effective atomic numbers for increasing the detection probability of explosives. Using a spectrum of the X-ray tube with a tungsten anode, evaluation has been carried out of the signal ratio from high-energy detector, medium-energy detector and low-energy detectors. Using differential energy sensitivity of detectors of different thickness, varying X-ray source anode voltages and filter for each array, special software it is possible to reconstruct images of the inspected object at the different energy scales. It was shown that using standard X-ray beams and specially-chosen scintillator types with different thicknesses, we can achieve accuracy in determination of Zeff up to 95%, that significantly better as compared with systems based on conventional X-ray inspection. Using two-coordinate identification palette, one can discern between imitators of explosives even when the difference in their Zeff values is small (from 7.08 to 8.07).
Amino Acid Residue-Specific Neutralization and Nonneutralization of Hepatitis C Virus by Monoclonal Antibodies to the E2 Protein (2012)

Antibodies to epitopes in the E2 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduce the viral infectivity in vivo and in vitro. However, the virus can persist in patients in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies that bound specifically to the region between residues 427 and 446 of the E2 protein of HCV genotype 1a, and we examined their capacity to neutralize HCV in a cell culture system. Of the four monoclonal antibodies described here, two were able to neutralize the virus in a genotype 1a-specific manner. The other two failed to neutralize the virus. Moreover, one of the nonneutralizing antibodies could interfere with the neutralizing activity of a chimpanzee polyclonal antibody at E2 residues 412 to 426, as it did with an HCV-specific immune globulin preparation, which was derived from the pooled plasma of chronic hepatitis C patients. Mapping the epitope-paratope contact interfaces revealed that these functionally distinct antibodies shared binding specificity for key amino acid residues, including W(437), L(438), L(441), and F(442), within the same epitope of the E2 protein. These data suggest that the effectiveness of antibody-mediated neutralization of HCV could be deduced from the interplay between an antibody and a specific set of amino acid residues. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization and nonneutralization should provide insights for designing a vaccine to control HCV infection in vivo.
A New Method for the Modification of Fibroin Heavy Chain Protein in the Transgenic Silkworm (2007)

We constructed a new plasmid vector for the production of a modified silk fibroin heavy chain protein (H-chain) in the transgenic silkworm. The plasmid (pHC-null) contained the promoter and the 3' region of a gene encoding the H-chain and the coding regions for the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain of the H-chain. For the model protein, we cloned a foreign gene that encoded EGFP between the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain in pHC-null and generated transgenic silkworms that produced a modified H-chain, HC-EGFP. Transgenic silkworms produced HC-EGFP in the posterior part of silk gland cells, secreted it into the lumen of the gland, and produced a cocoon with HC-EGFP as part of the fibroin proteins. N-terminal sequencing of HC-EGFP localized the signal sequence cleavage site to between positions A((21)) and N((22)). These results indicate that our new plasmid successfully produced the modified H-chain in a transgenic silkworm.
Tissue Transglutaminase-Mediated Formation and Cleavage of Histamine-Gliadin Complexes: Biological Effects and Implications for Celiac Disease (2005)

Celiac disease is an HLA-DQ2-associated disorder characterized by an intestinal T cell response. The disease-relevant T cells secrete IFN-gamma upon recognition of gluten peptides that have been deamidated in vivo by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase 2 (TG2)). The celiac intestinal mucosa contains elevated numbers of mast cells, and increased histamine secretion has been reported in celiac patients. This appears paradoxical because histamine typically biases T cell responses in the direction of Th2 instead of the Th1 pattern seen in the celiac lesions. We report that histamine is an excellent substrate for TG2, and it can be efficiently conjugated to gluten peptides through TG2-mediated transamidation. Histamine-peptide conjugates do not exert agonistic effects on histamine receptors, and scavenging of biologically active histamine by gluten peptide conjugation can have physiological implications and may contribute to the mucosal IFN-gamma response in active disease. Interestingly, TG2 is able to hydrolyze the peptide-histamine conjugates when the concentrations of substrates are lowered, thereby releasing deamidated gluten peptides that are stimulatory to T cells.
Automatic detection of ECG lead-wire interchange for conventional and Mason-Likar lead systems (2014)

Misconnection of ECG lead-wires can generate abnormal ECG and erroneous diagnosis. Existing methods for detecting lead-wire interchange were designed for ECG devices using conventional lead system. In this work we developed an automatic ECG cable interchange detection algorithm and compared the algorithm performance between conventional and Mason-Likar (ML) electrode placements. The algorithm was developed based on a decision tree classifier which uses beat morphology measurements that were obtained using Philips DXL ECG algorithm. The algorithm was evaluated for detecting limb cable interchanges on an independent database which included both conventional and ML ECG recordings for each subject (total 423 subjects). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of overall sensitivity and specificity. This morphology-based cable interchange detection algorithm showed similarly high performance for maintaining a low false positive rate for both lead systems. Therefore, in practice, the same algorithm may be used with either electrode placement without a need for a special configuration.
A methodology for quality control in cell nucleus segmentation (1999)

In order to achieve the very high accuracy rates required in unsupervised automated biomedical applications, it is often necessary to complement a successful segmentation algorithm with a robust error checking stage. The better the segmentation strategy, the less severe the error checking decisions need to be and the fewer correct segmentations that are discarded. These issues are dealt with in this paper in order to achieve 100% accuracy on a data set of 19946 cell nucleus images using an established segmentation scheme with a success rate of 99.47%. The method is based upon measuring changes in the final segmentation contour as the one parameter that governs its behaviour is varied. 1. Introduction remove potential artefacts based on shape and appearance that was capable of detecting some of the incorrectly segmented nuclei [9]. Nordin describes an algorithm that is able to report a failure at various levels of segmentation, as well as a separate artefact rejection stage [11]. McKenna used a neural network to preselect potential nuclei in scenes for subsequent segmentation. It was pointed out that a post-processing stage would also be necessary to filter out 'erroneously detected objects'[10]. A common trait in these techniques is the use of a separate process to view the output of the segmentation and to use shape and appearance measurements to classify the results as 'pass' (looks like a cell) or 'fail' (doesn't look like a cell). We have proposed a segmentation scheme that not only employs an algorithm with much better performance than previously reported [3], but also enables a confidence measure in the resulting segmentation to be given.
Computer simulations of fluid flow in sediment: From images to permeability (2010)

Permeability, unlike porosity, saturation, and lithology, is, arguably, impossible to infer from well data. Yet, it is the key parameter in reservoir simulation and also in well completion and stimulation decisions. The traditional method of obtaining permeability is in the physical laboratory where a pressure difference (ΔP) is applied to the opposite sides of a regularly shaped rock sample and the volumetric flux (Q) of the fluid is measured.
Detection of human immunodeficiency viruses by the polymerase chain reaction. (1990)

The human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 have been implicated as the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related disorders. The direct detection of human immunodeficiency virus is complicated by the low incidence of free circulating virus as well as the small number of infected cells. An in vitro DNA amplification procedure known as the polymerase chain reaction has been applied to the detection of the human immunodeficiency virus proviral sequences in infected individuals. This article highlights the features of the polymerase chain reaction and its contribution to the detection of these viruses.
Poly(hydroxy ether sulfonamides). A new class of epoxy-based thermoplastics (1996)

Base-initiated polymerizations of N,′N-dimethyl-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide or other N,′N-dialkyldisulfonamides with various arylene-diglycidyl ethers afford a broad range of poly(hydroxy ether sulfonamides) (2). Polymers 2, which represent a new family of epoxy-based thermoplastics, are moldable, amorphous materials characterized by moderate Tg (58–127°C) and by good barrier to oxygen, reflected by oxygen transmission rates of 0.45–2.89 cc-mil/100 in2-atm (O2)-day at 234 °C and about 60% relative humidity. In addition to a discussion of how structural changes in the backbones of 2 influence their barrier properties, details of the synthesis, thermal analysis and mechanical evaluation of the polymers are described. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient construction of photonic quantum-computational clusters (2006)

We demonstrate a method of creating photonic two-dimensional cluster states that is considerably more efficient than previously proposed approaches. Our method uses only local unitaries and type-I fusion operations. The increased efficiency of our method compared to previously proposed constructions is obtained by identifying and exploiting local equivalence properties inherent in cluster states.
Exogenous Parameters in Solar Forecasting (2020)

The ability to predict solar radiation reliably is crucial in optimizing solar energy integration, ensuring grid stability and regulating energy markets. One way to improve accuracy in forecasting solar radiation with time series modeling is to use exogenous variables (e.g. temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and direction) in addition to solar radiation measurements. Evidence from existing studies indicates that the extent to which such exogenous variables can improve solar forecasting is largely dependent on the type of algorithm used. Our results indicate that the scope of the prediction target (lag duration, number of steps ahead) also plays an important role in determining the ability of exogenous variables to improve solar forecasting results. More specifically, the accurate pairing of exogenous variables and forecasting algorithms can help achieve accuracy improvements with longer lags at diverse horizons. These results argue in favor of a multi-modeling approach where specific forecasting configurations are determined dynamically for each choice of time series input.
Analogs of 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) in the treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1990)

A series of 33 analogues of the anti-Pneumocystis carinii drug 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) was synthesized for screening against a rat model of P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). Twenty-five of the compounds showed efficacy against PCP when compared to a saline-treated control group. Two compounds, 1,4-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)butane (butamidine, 6) and 1,3-bis(4-amidino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane (DAMP, 16), were statistically more effective than the parent drug in treating PCP in the rat model of infection. In addition to their activity against PCP, the compounds were also evaluated for antitrypsin activity, ability to inhibit thymidylate synthetase, affinity for DNA, and toxicity. No correlation was observed between the tested molecular interactions of the diamidines and their effectiveness against PCP.
<title>Novel thin film polarizing beam splitter and its application in high-efficiency projection displays</title> (1999)

A novel high performance thin film polarizing beam-splitter (PBS) is described. This PBS is non-absorbing and has a broad band, a wide angular field and high extinction ratios for both reflected and transmitted beam. Several high efficiency projection displays based on this novel PBS will be presented.
Use of RFLP Markers for Genetic Linkage Analysis of Oil Percentage in Sunflower Seed (1995)

Increased seed oil percentage is an important objective when breeding for high oil yield in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). Although some researchers have investigated the genetics and heritability of sunflower oil percentage, most analyses were conducted on the oil percentage in the whole seed through conventional breeding and biometric procedures. The primary objective of this research was to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) linked to quantitative trait loci affecting seed oil percentage, kernel oil percentage, and kernel percentage. An F2 population consisting of 289 individuals was produced by crossing two inbred lines that differ for the traits. The RFLP and trait data were obtained directly from self‐pollinated F 2 plants. The RFLP markers (identifying 201 codominant loci) located six regions representing 57% of the genetic variation of seed oil percentage. Two of these regions were associated with kernel oil percentage, two with kernel percentage, and two with both components. Additive gene action was predominant for seed oil percentage and its components.
3D Tumor Shape Reconstruction from 2D Bioluminescence Images (2006)

This paper introduces a novel and efficient algorithm for reconstructing the 3D shapes of tumors from a set of 2D bioluminescence images which are taken by the same camera but after continually rotating the animal by a small angle. The method is efficient and robust enough to be used for analyzing the repeated imaging of a same animal transplanted with gene marked cells. There are several steps in our algorithm. First, the silhouettes (or boundaries) of the animal and its interior hot spots (corresponding to tumors) are segmented in the set of bioluminescence images. Second, the images are registered according to the projection of the animal rotating axis. Third, the images are mapped onto 3D projection planes and from the viewpoint of each plane, the visual hulls of the animal and its interior tumors are reconstructed. Finally, the intersection of visual hulls from all viewpoints approximates the shape of the animal and its interior tumors. The experimental results show promising performance of our reconstruction method
Real-time volume rendering (2000)

With the advent of high-powered, commodity volume visualization hardware comes a new challenge: effectively harnessing the visualization power to enable greater understanding of data through dynamic interaction. We examine Cube-4/VolumePro as the latest advance in real-time volume visualization hardware. We describe tools to utilize this hardware including a software developers' kit, called the Cube Toolkit (CTK). We show how the CTK supports algorithms such as perspective rendering, overlapping volumes, and geometry mixing within volumes. We examine a case study of a virtual colonoscopy application developed using the CTK.© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 44–52, 2000