gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of the effects of ion implantation on the photoferroelectric properties of PLZT ceramics (1982)

An intrinsic photoferroelectric effect can be used to store high quality photographic images in transparent, ferroelectric-phase lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics. The intrinsic (near-UV) photo-sensitivity of this photoferroelectric image storage process is increased by about four orders of magnitude by coimplanting Ar, Ne and He ions into the surface exposed to image light. Coimplanting Al or Cr and Ne greatly improves the extrinsic (visible-light) photosensitivity and produces a relatively flat photo-response from 400 to 600 nm. This paper summarizes our present knowledge of the photoferroelectric image storage mechanism and reviews the effects of ion implantation with respect to photosensitivity enhancement.
Purification and Characterization of Transglutaminase from Japanese Oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) (1997)

A total of 73% transglutaminase (TGase) activity was detected in the gills and mantles of Japanese oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and TGase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by column chromatography. Two types of TGase with molecular weights of the 84 000 (TG-1) and 90 000 (TG-2) were obtained. The optimum pH was 8.0 for both TGases, and the optimum temperature for TG-1 and TG-2 was 40 and 25 °C, respectively. The activity of TG-1 increased with NaCl concentrations, whereas that of TG-2 was inhibited by NaCl. In the absence of NaCl, the activity of TG-1 increased with CaCl2 concentrations up to 100 mM, but the concentration required to express full activity of TG-2 was 25 mM. This CaCl2 concentration was lowered to 25 mM for TG-1 in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, but not changed for TG-2. The ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine was not detected in fresh oyster but was detected in processed oyster, suggesting the possibility that the intrinsic TGases react in the manufacturing process of oyster products. Keywords: Transglutaminase; oyster; purification
Drug repositioning screening identifies etravirine as a potential therapeutic for friedreich's ataxia (2019)

Considering its excellent safety profile along with its ability to increase frataxin levels and correct some of the disease-related defects, etravirine represents a promising candidate as a therapeutic for Friedreich's ataxia. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Automated Pressure Integrity Testing APIT-A Step Change Approach (2016)

Abstract APIT is a computational software based system which performs real-time test analysis, reporting and automated result interpretation of FITs/LOTs/XLOTs based on surface and downhole data. This paper presents the challenges for the current pressure integrity testing and introduced a new solution called automated pressure testing (APIT) system. This has included system framework and integration to cementing units, models and algorithms to determine system compliance and fluid leakage, fracture closure pressure, calibration techniques and validated results. Based on a minimum of preconfigured user input, the APIT system covers all test phases, from pressurization, fracture propagation to shut-in and flowback. The system identifies unexpected test behavior and triggers warnings by continuously evaluating key test metrics such as leakage rate, system compliance and surface pressure during each test phase. This APIT system was tested optimized and validated using various historical field data in order to provide Proof-of-Concept of algorithms, test sequences and graphics user interface (GUI). Both successful and unsuccessful data chosen from NCS and the international arena were tested. The automatic interpretation algorithms from APIT are aligned with manual test interpretation performed internally in Statoil. The APIT system is believed to be a safer and more efficient pressure testing alternative to the current manual counterpart.
South African GB Virus C Isolates: Interactions between Genotypes 1 and 5 Isolates and HIV (2005)

GB virus C (GBV-C) is a common, apparently nonpathogenic human flavivirus that has been associated in some studies with prolonged survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. There are 5 distinct GBV-C genotypes localized to specific geographic regions, and genotype 2 has been previously shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro in lymphocyte cultures. We identified GBV-C virus isolates representing genotypes 1, 2, and 5 in samples from South African blood donors. GBV-C genotype 1 and 5 isolates replicated in lymphocyte culture, inhibited X4 and R5 HIV-1 isolates, and induced RANTES and stromal-derived factor-1 chemokines in vitro. Thus, African GBV-C genotypes can inhibit HIV replication in vitro.
Development of a small molecule drug for EBV-associated gastric cancers. (2017)

63 Background: Worldwide, EBV is associated with ~10% of gastric cancer. Currently, no pharmaceutical-based therapies exist that selectively target EBV associated gastric cancers. EBV, in its latent oncogenic form, is dependent on the continuous expression of Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1), a multifunctional dimeric protein critical for viral replication, genome maintenance and viral gene expression. Methods: The aim of this program is to advance the development of a New Chemical Entity (NCE) for latent infection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) to treat EBV-associated gastric cancer. We have used structure-based drug design and medicinal chemistry methods to identify and develop a small molecule clinical candidate that selectively inhibits the DNA-binding activity of EBNA1. Results: The clinical candidate inhibits EBNA1 function with nanomolar potency in biochemical assays and low micromolecular activity in several cell-based assays. We demonstrate that our clinical candidate provides protection in 4 different xenograft models of EBV-driven tumor growth, including patient-derived xenografts. Furthermore, RNA analysis experiments confirm in vivo target engagement by the elimination of EBV in treated tumor tissue. The clinical candidate is selective, showing no activity in an EBV-negative xenograft experiments. The clinical candidate has met industry-accepted criteria for drug suitability, safety and toxicology including physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, selectivity in broad-based screens and bioavailability, and lack in vivoliabilities, including genotoxicity and 14-day toxicity studies. Conclusions: IND-enabling studies including safety pharmacology and toxicology and GMP manufacturing have begun with a projected First-In-Human clinical trial in Q4 2017. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting EBNA1—a protein previously thought to be undruggable.
Protocol for the Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2012)

Gonorrhoea is no longer an easily treatable ailment but rather is now a challenging disease in terms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with treatment options rapidly diminishing. The causative agent of gonorrhoea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has managed to develop resistance to almost every single drug used against it with the sole exception of extended spectrum cephalosporins. The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that not only are the rates of gonococcal infections on a steady rise globally, but tracking AMR is being undermined by the growing popularity of molecular methods at the expense of traditional bacterial culture in diagnostic laboratories. Recently, concerns have been raised over the emergence of a multi-resistant gonococci and the potential for untreatable gonorrhoea. Maintaining optimal epidemiological surveillance of gonococcal AMR remains an important aspect of gonorrhoea control. The development of molecular tools for tracking AMR in N. gonorrhoeae has the potential to further enhance such surveillance. In this chapter, we discuss nucleic acid amplification-based detection of AMR in gonorrhoea with a particular emphasis on chromosomal-mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Parametric Estimation of IM/DD Optical Channels Using New Closed-Form Approximations of the Signal PDF (2007)

In this paper, we propose new closed-form approximations to the probability-density function (pdf) of the received signal in intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) optical channels. These approximations greatly simplify the problem of channel estimation. This is an important problem in the implementation of maximum-likelihood sequence-estimation (MLSE) receivers for electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) of optical fibers, which has been a topic of great interest in recent years. The approximations proposed here are also useful in the analysis of the error rate of these receivers. It is well known that noise in IM/DD optical channels is strongly non-Gaussian and signal dependent. Except in the simplest situations, the pdf of the signal corrupted by noise does not have a closed-form expression. This leads to difficulties in the calculation of the probability of error on these channels and, more importantly, in the implementation of receivers that exploit knowledge of the signal pdf to minimize the error rate, for example, those based on MLSE techniques. To limit the complexity of channel estimation (an important requirement in real-time adaptive EDC receivers), it is important that the functional form assumed for the pdf be as simple as possible, while providing a good match with the actual statistical properties of the channel. In this paper, we introduce a new generic functional form for the pdf that accurately models the behavior of the received signal. Based on this expression, we introduce a channel-estimation approach that dramatically simplifies the analysis and design of MLSE receivers for IM/DD channels. Simulations show an excellent agreement between the results based on the approximations proposed here and the exact expressions for the pdf
KRAS Activation and over-expression of SIRT1/BCL6 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Progesterone Resistance (2017)

Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition that is associated with progesterone resistance and cell proliferation, resulting in pain, infertility and pregnancy loss. We previously demonstrated phosphorylation of STAT3 in eutopic endometrium of infertile women with this disorder leading to over-expression of the oncogene BCL6 and stabilization of hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Here we report coordinated activation of KRAS and over-expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase and gene silencer, in the eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle. The mice with conditional activation of KRAS in the PGR positive cells reveal an increase of SIRT1 expression in the endometrium compared to control mice. The expression of progesterone receptor target genes including the Indian Hedgehog pathway genes are significantly down-regulated in the mutant mice. SIRT1 co-localizes with BCL6 in the nuclei of affected individuals and both proteins bind to and suppress the promoter of GLI1, a critical mediator of progesterone action in the Indian Hedgehog pathway, by ChIP analysis. In eutopic endometrium, GLI1 expression is reduced in women with endometriosis. Together, these data suggest that KRAS, SIRT1 and BCL6 are coordinately over-expressed in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and likely participate in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
XPS study of self-doped conducting polyaniline and parent systems (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXPS study of self-doped conducting polyaniline and parent systemsJ. Yue and A. J. EpsteinCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 15, 4441–4445Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00015a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1988Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Photon Upconversion in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Constraints and Opportunities (2017)

Photon upconversion is a promising approach to realizing photovoltaics with efficiency beyond the Shockley-Quessier limit by harvesting low-energy photons and converting them to high-energy photons that can be absorbed by a host single-junction solar cell. Existing upconversion materials have limited potential benefit for solar energy harvesting applications because of their narrow absorption bandwidth and low quantum efficiency. We first present numerical simulations of semiconductor nanostructures designed to overcome these limitations. The computational results demonstrate the potential impact of such upconversion materials and identify critical material parameters that must be achieved for practical realization of upconverters that can have a meaningful impact on solar energy harvesting. We then present experimental progress toward realizing this semiconductor upconversion paradigm. We describe the choice of material composition and structure, growth of the nanostructures, and ultrafast optical characterization of the carrier dynamics that result in these structures. We show that upconversion can be achieved in at least one realization of this semiconductor upconversion paradigm. We conclude with a discussion about the prospects for realizing efficient photon upconversion and the constraints that must be addressed to meet this goal.
Adsorption and Elution of Nucleic Acids: Mesoporous Materials and Methods (2017)

Physical protection of nucleic acids from the environment for improved stability through encapsulation or adsorption has been reported using various materials, including liposomes, metal particles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and polymers. In an extension of that approach, our previous study demonstrated the potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with and without covalently attached stabilizing reagents, such as sugar and bovine serum albumin, for improving the stability of RNA. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the potential of silicate sorbents bearing chemical functionalities for stabilization of nucleic acid targets. Materials offering charged groups, metal chelating sites, and π-bonding sites are considered. Adsorption and elution of RNA, DNA, and single stranded DNA (ssDNA) are evaluated as is subsequent elution of the bound target. A sorbent functionalized with primary amine groups showed promising results for RNA and ssDNA stabilization. The impact of the sorbents on long term viability the targets is also evaluated. Storage of adsorbed targets at room temperature and 37∘C over a period of 200 d indicates the potential for stabilization of RNA and ssDNA using several of the functionalities. None of the sorbents improved the stability of DNA either under room temperature or 37∘C storage.
Advances in solvent-free manufacturing of polymer membranes (2001)

The objective of this article is to present an overview of manufacturing techniques (currently under development) that can be used to produce solvent-free polymer membranes. The applicability of various methods is discussed. In particular, a new, continous technique by foam extrusion of a thermoplastic polymer is presented. Open-cell hollow fibres made of polyethersulfone and polycarbonate, with pore diameters smaller than 10 μm and a homogeneous pore-size distribution can be produced. The variability of the pore morphologies and the membrane properties are shown and potential applications for such membranes are described.
Development of Low-Order Regression Models for Selected Flat Spray Characteristics (2012)

Dimensional as well as non-dimensional independent variables are used for predicting spray droplet size statistics and spray pattern distributions. The independent variables are: pressure, flow rate, spray angle, spray distance, viscosity, and surface tension. In the first approach, the dimensional values are used to develop a regression model for the general spray characteristics of interest; namely, Sauter mean diameter, spray width, and spray distribution profile shape. Secondly, a similitude approach is employed to generate dimensionless quantities from the independent variables, which are then used in formulating regression models. The similitude method allows for an assessment of the underlying balance of forces, which ultimately serve to form the spray characteristics. The final model development uses linear, or nonlinear where advantageous, regression models to fit the operational and rheological inputs to the spray characteristic outputs. The predictor models using dimensionless quantities showed a improved accuracy over the dimensional models. Additionally, the included number of dimensionless quantities is systematically reduced, revealing the most influential independent variables for each output. It is found that the Reynolds, Weber, and Froude Numbers are most influential. All models are developed for a particular nozzle, which limits the resulting models to this particular nozzle; however, the model development process has further reaching utility.
Multiuser sonar watermarking and detection in an underwater acoustic channel (2013)

Sonar watermarking is the practice of embedding low-power, secure digital signatures in the time frequency space of a waveform. The algorithm is designed for a single source/receiver configuration. However, in a multiuser environment, multiple sources broadcast sonar waveforms that overlap in both time and frequency. The receiver can be configured as a filter bank where each bank is dedicated to detecting a specific watermark. However, a filter bank is prone to mutual interference as multiple sonar waveforms are simultaneously present at the detector input. To mitigate mutual interference, a multiuser watermark detector is formulated as a decorrelating detector that decouples detection amongst the watermark signatures. The acoustic channel is simulated in software and modeled by an FIR filter. This model is used to compensate for the degradation of spreading sequences used for watermark embedding. The test statistic generated at the output of the decorrelating detector is used in a joint maximum likelihood ratio detector to establish the presence or absence of the watermark in each sonar waveform. ROC curves are produced for multiple sources positioned at varying ranges subject to ambient ocean noise controlled by varying sea states.
Titanium nitride local interconnect technology for VLSI (1987)

This paper reports on how the self-aligned titanium disilicide process, normally used to simultaneously reduce MOS gate and junction sheet resistances to less than 1 Ω/square, has been extended to provide a layer of local interconnect for VLSI CMOS applications. The local interconnect level has been realized by utilization of the titanium nitride (TIN) layer that forms during the gate and junction silicidation process. Normally the TiN layer is discarded, but in this process the 0.1-µm-thick TiN layer is patterned and etched to provide local connections between polysilicon gates and n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junctions, with a sheet resistance of less than 10 Ω/ square. This is accomplished without area consuming contacts or metal straps, and without any extra deposition steps. In addition to providing a VLSI version of the buried-contact process, the technology permits the widespread use of self-aligned contacts and minimum geometry junctions. These features significantly reduce parasitic capacitance with the result that the signal propagation delay through a 1-µm CMOS inverter is decreased by 20- 25 percent. The TiN local interconnect process has been successfully demonstrated by the fabrication of a pseudo-static CMOS VLSI memory with nearly half a million 1-µm transistors. A full CMOS 16K SRAM has also been fabricated in which the TiN layer performs the gate to n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junction cross-coupling function. Application of the technology to achieve a high-density full CMOS SRAM cell, that makes a 256K SRAM chip size of less than 80K mils <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> feasible with 1-µm design rules, is also discussed.
Determination of alkanes in aqueous solution using gold nanoparticle chemiresistors: Dynamic response characteristics (2010)

The electrical impedance change and response time of chemiresistor sensors based on gold nanoparticles capped with 1-hexanethiolate ligands were investigated for several organic analytes dissolved in aqueous solution. Analytes that partitioned strongly into the nanoparticle film resulted in greater impedance changes and longer response times than analytes which had a smaller partition coefficient.
Optimizing The Delivery Of Social Services (2007)

In a world of scarce resources and with the increasing web-enablement of healthcare services, it becomes very important to ensure that patients get the best care possible without exerting significant cost on providers of public health services. This paper describes a system that takes the needs of patients’ and the applicable social service programs (SSs) and optimally assigns patients to SSs. The assignment minimizes the cost to the service provider and maximizes patients’ satisfaction.
Heterogeneous integration of microscale compound semiconductor devices by micro-transfer-printing (2015)

Integrating microscale electronic devices onto non-native substrates enables new kinds of products with desirable functionalities and cost structures that are inaccessible by conventional means. Micro assembly technologies are the practical ways to make such microscale heterogeneous device combinations possible. Elastomer stamp micro-transferprinting technology (μTP) is a widely-demonstrated form of micro assembly, having demonstrated applicability in optical communications, magnetic storage, concentrator photovoltaics and display technologies. Here we describe new experiments designed to assess the useful lifetime of the viscoelastic elastomer transfer stamp, and also describe the methodology and results for heterogeneous integration of microscale compound semiconductor devices onto non-native substrates using μTP.