gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern by an antibody with a unique genetic signature and structural mode of spike recognition (2021)

Abstract The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages that are more transmissible and resistant to currently approved antibody therapies poses a considerable challenge to the clinical treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the need for ongoing discovery efforts to identify broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance. Here, we report a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies isolated using the LIBRA-seq technology from an individual who recovered from COVID-19. Of these antibodies, 54042-4 showed potent neutralization against authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses, including variants of concern (VOCs). A cryo-EM structure of 54042-4 in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike revealed an epitope composed of residues that are highly conserved in currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Further, 54042-4 possesses unique genetic and structural characteristics that distinguish it from other potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Together, these findings motivate 54042-4 as a lead candidate for clinical development to counteract current and future SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
Cryogenic Multichannel Pressure Sensor With Electronic Scanning (1994)

Array of pressure sensors operates reliably and repeatably over wide temperature range, extending from normal boiling point of water down to boiling point of nitrogen. Sensors accurate and repeat to within 0.1 percent. Operate for 12 months without need for recalibration. Array scanned electronically, sensor readings multiplexed and sent to desktop computer for processing and storage. Used to measure distributions of pressure in research on boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers, achieved by low temperatures.
Study of the Influences of Aluminum Pastes on Aluminum Back Surface Fields in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2017)

Authors Different kinds of aluminum pastes have been successfully prepared by adding various additives including the glass powders with different melt-points, the aluminum powders with different sizes, and the inert fillers. We emphatically analyze the influence of aluminum pastes prepared as above on the electrical performance of the as-formed silicon aluminum alloy layer (P+). The optical microscope was used to observe the morphology of aluminum back surface fields (Al-BSF) formed in the rear of silicon wafers. The results show that it could promote the formation of silicon aluminum alloy layer by using the glass binder with lower melt point. The solar cell exhibits the best surface conductivity and appearance when the ratio of coarse and fine aluminum powders is 2:1. In addition, the corresponding photoelectric conversion could reach to a high level of 18.09% when the mass fraction of the inert filler was adjusted to 1.3%.
Essential groups in synthetic agonist peptides for activation of the platelet thrombin receptor (1992)

Thrombin appears to activate platelets by a novel mechanism that involves the cleavage of its receptor, and it has been proposed that the newly generated N-terminal region of the receptor then acts as a tethered ligand [Vu, T. H., Hung, D. T., Wheaton, V. I., & Coughlin, S. R. (1991) Cell 64, 1057-1068]. Peptides with sequences corresponding to those of the tethered ligand are capable of activating the receptor. In the present study, groups within this tethered ligand peptide that are important for activation of the receptor have been identified by synthesizing a series of peptides. A 14-residue peptide based on the tethered ligand stimulated the aggregation of gel-filtered platelets with an EC50 of 7 microM, and a concentration of 10 microM was the minimum concentration necessary to yield a full aggregation response in platelet-rich plasma. Truncation of the peptide from the C-terminus to nine residues did not markedly affect the response to the peptide. Shorter peptides of five, six, and eight amino acids retained their agonist activity, but the minimal concentration necessary to achieve a full aggregation response in platelet-rich plasma was 2-5-fold higher. Side chains within the tethered ligand peptide that are important for receptor activation were identified by synthesizing a series of peptides in which residues were sequentially replaced by alanine. The results indicated that the side chains of phenylalanine, leucine, and arginine in positions 2, 4, and 5, respectively, are essential for full activity. Most notably, substitution of phenylalanine in the second position resulted in complete loss of agonist activity at concentrations up to 800 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A role for the carboxyl terminus of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the binding of ligand to the alpha-subunit of the high affinity receptor. (1994)

A synthetic segment (110-127) of the carboxyl terminus of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh-GM-CSF) was used to generate a rabbit polyclonal antibody (345-6), which recognized both peptide and full-length Escherichia coli-derived rh-GM-CSF in a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody 345-6 was shown to antagonize the binding of 125I-labeled rh-GM-CSF to its receptor on the KG-1 cell line and to inhibit human GM-CSF-dependent proliferation of the AML-193 cell line. The purified IgG fraction of neutralizing antibody 345-6 was used as immunogen to obtain sheep anti-serum 1418. Antibody 1418 recognized antibody 345-6 on direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but did not recognize rh-GM-CSF or the peptide 110-127 to which antibody 345-6 was raised. Antiserum 1418, as well as a purified IgG fraction of this serum, inhibited both rh-GM-CSF-stimulated cell proliferation and 125I-labeled rh-GM-CSF receptor binding but not 125I-labeled recombinant human interleukin-4 receptor binding. The anti-idiotypic antibody response derived from the anti-(110-127) antibody strongly suggests that the carboxyl-terminal region of rh-GM-CSF may be directly involved in the receptor-ligand interaction of this protein. The high affinity receptor consists of two different components (GM-R alpha beta) a cytokine-specific alpha-subunit and a beta-subunit that is shared by human GM-CSF, interleukin-3, and interleukin-5. In an effort to localize the epitope of antibody 1418 to either GMR alpha or GMR beta, several cell lines containing high, low, or both high and low affinity receptors were examined. Each was specifically and completely inhibited by antibody 1418. Interleukin-3-dependent cell proliferation of the AML-193 cell line was found to be unaffected by the antibody 1418. Thus, the carboxyl-terminal region of rh-GM-CSF is likely to be involved in the interaction of the ligand with the alpha-subunit of the high affinity receptor.
The impact of unresolved branches on branch prediction scheme performance (1994)

In this paper, we examine the benefits of the early resolution of branch instructions and the impact of unresolved branches on history-based branch prediction schemes by using two new metrics that are more revealing than branch prediction accuracy alone. We first briefly review a number of branch prediction schemes and introduce two new branch prediction scheme performance metrics. We then utilize these metrics to gauge the improvement in branch prediction scheme performance when only the outcomes of unresolved branches are predicted. Finally, we examine two approaches for handling multiple unresolved branches in history-based branch prediction schemes, and determine that prediction accuracy remains quite stable when older branch histories are used.
Acceptor Percolation Determines How Electron-Accepting Additives Modify Transport of Ambipolar Polymer Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2018)

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that utilize ambipolar polymer semiconductors can benefit from the ability of both electron and hole conduction, which is necessary for complementary circuits. However, simultaneous hole and electron transport in organic field-effect transistors result in poor ON/OFF ratios, limiting potential applications. Solution processing methods have been developed to control charge transport properties and transform ambipolar conduction to hole-only conduction. The electron-acceptor phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>61</sub>BM), when mixed in solution with an ambipolar semiconducting polymer, can reduce electron conduction. Unipolar p-type OFETs with high, well-defined ON/OFF ratios and without detrimental effects on hole conduction are achieved for a wide range of blend compositions, from 95:5 to 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PC<sub>61</sub>BM. When introducing the alternative acceptor N, N'-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4:9,10-perylenediimide (PDI), high ON/OFF ratios are achieved for 95:5 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI; however, electron conduction increases for 50:50 and 5:95 wt % semiconductor polymer:PDI. As described within, we show that electron conduction is practically eliminated when additive domains do not percolate across the OFET channel, that is, electrons are "morphologically trapped". Morphologies were characterized by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray scattering techniques. PC<sub>61</sub>BM was substituted with an endohedral Lu<sub>3</sub>N fullerene, which enhanced contrast in electron microscopy and allowed for more detailed insight into the blend morphologies. Blends with alternative, nonfullerene acceptors further emphasize the importance of morphology and acceptor percolation, providing insights for such blends that control ambipolar transport and ON/OFF ratios.
Sparse Signal Detection from Incoherent Projections (2006)

The recently introduced theory of compressed sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction or approximation of sparse or compressible signals from a small set of incoherent projections; often the number of projections can be much smaller than the number of Nyquist rate samples. In this paper, we show that the CS framework is information scalable to a wide range of statistical inference tasks. In particular, we demonstrate how CS principles can solve signal detection problems given incoherent measurements without ever reconstructing the signals involved. We specifically study the case of signal detection in strong inference and noise and propose an incoherent detection and estimation algorithm (IDEA) based on matching pursuit. The number of measurements and computations necessary for successful detection using IDEA is significantly lower than that necessary for successful reconstruction. Simulations show that IDEA is very resilient to strong interference, additive noise, and measurement quantization. When combined with random measurements, IDEA is applicable to a wide range of different signal classes
168. Assaying Hepatic Correction Mediated by Varied AAV Vectors in a Knock-Out Transgenic Mouse Model of Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) (2016)

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an inborn error of metabolism most commonly caused by deficient methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) activity. The disorder can have multiple clinical manifestations, including metabolic instability, stroke of the basal ganglia, pancreatitis, end-stage renal failure, growth impairment, osteoporosis and developmental delay. Unfortunately, current non-invasive therapies fail to chronically manage the disease, and patients still suffer from increased morbidity and early mortality. Solid organ transplantation, including elective liver, combined liver-kidney and isolated kidney transplantation, has been used to provide sustained benefit to patients, but the procedures come with substantial risks as well as the post-operative requirement for life-long immunosuppression. To address the large and unmet need for new therapies for patients with MMA, we have developed an effective adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy that has been previously validated in a neonatal lethal mouse model of Mut deficiency (Mut−/−). The current project compares how two distinct AAV8 vectors that express the human MUT gene under the control of either the liver specific, human alpha 1-antitrypsin (hAAT) promoter, or the ubiquitous CMV-enhanced chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter differentially affect metabolite levels following systemic delivery to adult mice. The animals used in this study (Mut−/−;TgINS-MCK-Mut) express wild-type Mut in a muscle-specific fashion via a stable germline transgene and completely lack transgene expression in the liver. Mut−/−;TgINS-MCK-Mut) mice accurately model the hepatorenal manifestations of MMA, but afford an opportunity to assess gene therapy vectors at or after weaning because mice are rescued from neonatal lethality, yet experience massive elevations of the characteristic metabolites (methylmalonic and 2-methylcitric acid) because of the lack of hepatic Mut activity. Disease related metabolites were measured in plasma samples derived from Mut−/−; TglNS-MCK-Mut mice (n=7) prior to AAV gene delivery. The mice were then injected via the retro-orbital route with 1.5X1011 GC of either AAV8-hAAT-MUT or AAV8-CBA-MUT. At 10 days and 30 days post-treatment, mice treated with either vector showed a significant reduction in methylcitrate and methymalonic acid levels, with AAV8-CBA-MUT (n=2) treated mice manifesting methylcitrate and methylmalonic acid levels that trended lower than those measured in mice injected with AAV8-hAAT-MUT (n=4) at both time points. Further studies will be needed to precisely compare the differences between the hAAT and CBA promoters in MMA mouse models, but our preliminary results demonstrate that the Mut−/−; TgINS-MCK-Mut mice can be used to easily ascertain hepatic correction of Mut deficiency, which should help inform the selection of regulatory elements that will provide maximal therapeutic efficacy to treat patients with MMA.
Life Extension of Power Turbine Disks Exposed to In-Service Corrosion Damage (2017)

Siemens Energy has a large fleet of aero derivative gas turbines installed in oil & gas and power generation applications globally. Over the past several years, several incidents of disk corrosion damage have been observed during the power turbine overhauls especially for the units fielded in marine environment. Most of the corrosion attack has been observed at disk firtree (blade attachment features), gas washed disk faces and torque transmission features. In all of these cases the mechanism for corrosion has been identified as Low Temperature Hot Corrosion (LTHC) also known as Type-II sulphidation. Siemens has explored a number of potential operating and/or design options e.g. utilization of more corrosion resistant alloys and coatings to mitigate the effects of the corrosive attack on these disks. However, many of these proposals are either intermediate or long term solutions and are addressed more towards new power turbine disks rather than those that are already in service. In the short term, Siemens technical solution has focused on development of proprietary repair processes to effectively remove the corrosion damage and extend the operational life of in-service disks as well as salvage some of the previously scraped disks. This Paper discusses the methodology and findings from the development and characterization of the repair of the power turbine disks when exposed to corrosion and other operational damage.
<title>Three-dimensional profilometry using moire pattern projection</title> (2000)

This paper describes a grating projection method using phase shifting technique for the measurement of surface profiles of three dimensional objects. In this kind of profilometry a grating with binary intensity distribution has been utilized in most of cases. And in these cases such problems are known as an error is caused due to the non-sinusoidal intensity distribution of the grating and another difficulty is also indicated that the period of the grating is required to be adjusted in accordance with the size and profile of the specimen. Here we propose to use a moire pattern which is produced by superposing two binary gratings. When two gratings are overlapped with an appropriate gap, the resultant moire pattern becomes closely sinusoidal in intensity distribution. Then, in the optical arrangement for profile measurement using a grating projection method, if one grating is rotated, the period of the pattern is varied arbitrarily. And if one or two of the gratings are moved in one direction, the formed moire pattern can be moved in one way to give necessary shifting of the phase. Surface profiles of some samples are measured to show validity of the moire pattern projection and utility of the prototype system.
Buried nonmetallic object detection using bistatic ground penetrating radar with variable antenna elevation angle and height (2017)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been shown to be an effective device for detecting buried objects that have little or no metal content, such as plastic, ceramic, and concrete pipes. In this paper, buried non-metallic object detection is evaluated for different antenna elevation angles and heights using a bistatic air-launched GPR. Due to the large standoff distance between antennas and the ground surface, the air-launched GPR has larger spreading loss than the hand-held GPR and vehicle-mounted GPR. Moreover, nonmetallic objects may have similar dielectric property to the buried medium, which results in further difficulty for accurate detection using air-launched GPR. To study such effects, both GPR simulations and GPR laboratory experiments are performed with various setups where antennas are placed at different heights and angles. In the experiments, the test surface areas are configured with and without rocks in order to examine surface clutter effect. The experimental results evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of bistatic air-launched GPR for detecting buried nonmetallic objects, which provide valuable insights for subsurface scanning with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted GPR.
Demonstration of a Novel Micro-Photonic Wall Pressure Sensor (2012)

In this paper we propose a novel micro-photonic sensor concept based on the morphology dependent resonances (MDR) of dielectric microresonators. The microresonator, spherical in shape and a few hundred microns in diameter, serves as a sensing element. A membrane is used to mechanically transmit pressure to the microsphere. As a result of the applied pressure, the morphology of the microsphere is perturbed, leading to a shift in the optical resonances (MDR). The applied pressure is thus monitored by recording the optical shift. Preliminary experiments using a prototype sensor design show promise for future applications.
Multiple-fold clustered processor mesh array (1993)

The multiple-fold clustered processor mesh array is a triangular organization of clustered processing elements. This multiple-fold array maintains functional equivalence to the nearest neighbor mesh computer with uni-directional interprocessor communications, but with half the number of connection wires. In addition, the connectivity of the multiple-folded organization is superior to the standard square mesh due to the improved connectivity between the clustered processors. One of the primary application areas targeted is High Performance Architectures for image processing.
Dynamic instruction reuse (1997)

This paper introduces the concept of dynamic instruction reuse. Empirical observations suggest that many instructions, and groups of instructions, having the same inputs, are executed dynamically. Such instructions do not have to be executed repeatedly --- their results can be obtained from a buffer where they were saved previously. This paper presents three hardware schemes for exploiting the phenomenon of dynamic instruction reuse, and evaluates their effectiveness using execution-driven simulation. We find that in some cases over 50% of the instructions can be reused. The speedups so obtained, though less striking than the percentage of instructions reused, are still quite significant.
Separation of water–ethanol by pervaporation through polyion complex composite membrane (1991)

Abstract For the purpose of separating alcohol–water mixtures by the use of the pervaporation technique, new composite membranes composed of polyion complexes (PIC) as a separating layer were developed. The polyion complex structure, consisting of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polycation, provided excellent permeation rate and selectivity. Among the polycations, ionenes, which have quaternary ammonium groups in the backbone chain, were effective in giving membranes of higher permselectivities. High selectivity of PIC membranes was observed at high ethanol concentration regions in the feed mixture. For the azeotropic mixture of water/ethanol (95 wt % EtOH) at 60°C, the PAA‐based PIC membrane had the following separation properties: separation factor ∼ 3,500 and permeation rate ∼ 1.6 kg/m 2 h.
Miss penalty reduction using bundled capacity prefetching in multiprocessors (2004)

While prefetch has proven itself useful for reducing cache misses in multiprocessors, traffic is often increased due to extra unused prefetch data. Prefetching in multiprocessors can also increase the cache miss rate due to the false sharing caused by the larger pieces of data retrieved. The capacity prefetching strategy proposed in this paper is built on the assumption that prefetching is most beneficial for reducing capacity and cold misses, but not communication misses. We propose a simple scheme for detecting the most frequent communication misses and suggest that prefetching should be avoided for those. We also suggest a simple and effective strategy for reducing the address traffic while retrieving many sequential cache lines called bundling. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches, we have evaluated both strategies for one of the simplest forms of prefetching, sequential prefetching. The two new strategies applied to this bandwidth-hungry prefetch technique result in a lower miss rate for all studied applications, while the average amount of address traffic is reduced compared with the same application run with no prefetching. The proposed strategies could also be applied to more sophisticated prefetching techniques for better overall performance.
Layered representation for image sequence coding (1993)

A sequence is decomposed into a set of overlapping 2-D regions, each region occupying a depth-ordered layer with specified transparency, intensity, and motion. The resulting representation is efficient and flexible. While synthesis is straightforward, the analysis problem is challenging. The authors introduce a set of analysis techniques and demonstrate their use on some of the MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) sequences. The MPEG flower garden sequence is decomposed into a set of four static layer images. Given these four images and a small number of motion parameters, one can resynthesize the original 30-frame sequence remarkably well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>