gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doubling up: Increasing Charge Storage in Organic Donors and Acceptors for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2017)

A limited number of organic compounds have been reported as stable electron donors and acceptors for non-aqueous redox flow batteries, with even fewer materials studied as two-electron donors and/or acceptors. Yet, assuming that the solubility of the neutral and charged species were retained and that the molecular weight did not significant increase, doubling the charge storage capabilities of the redox molecule would lead to proportionally increases in electrolyte capacity. Pursuant to this goal, this paper reports on design strategies utilized to increase molecular stability in doubly oxidized and reduced states of organic compounds whilst retaining atom economy and high solubility. In particular, we highlight progress in phenothiazine and naphthoquinone derivatives designed to serve as two-electron donors and two-electron acceptors, respectively.
An Ultra-Low Power Fully Integrated Energy Harvester Based on Self-Oscillating Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doubler (2014)

This paper presents a fully integrated energy harvester that maintains >35% end-to-end efficiency when harvesting from a 0.84 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> solar cell in low light condition of 260 lux, converting 7 nW input power from 250 mV to 4 V. Newly proposed self-oscillating switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC voltage doublers are cascaded to form a complete harvester, with configurable overall conversion ratio from 9× to 23×. In each voltage doubler, the oscillator is completely internalized within the SC network, eliminating clock generation and level shifting power overheads. A single doubler has >70% measured efficiency across 1 nA to 0.35 mA output current ( >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> range) with low idle power consumption of 170 pW. In the harvester, each doubler has independent frequency modulation to maintain its optimum conversion efficiency, enabling optimization of harvester overall conversion efficiency. A leakage-based delay element provides energy-efficient frequency control over a wide range, enabling low idle power consumption and a wide load range with optimum conversion efficiency. The harvester delivers 5 nW-5 μW output power with >40% efficiency and has an idle power consumption 3 nW, in test chip fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Dense, high-resolution mapping of cells and tissues from pathology images for the interpretable prediction of molecular phenotypes in cancer (2020)

While computational methods have made substantial progress in improving the accuracy and throughput of pathology workflows for diagnostic, prognostic, and genomic prediction, lack of interpretability remains a significant barrier to clinical integration. In this study, we present a novel approach for predicting clinically-relevant molecular phenotypes from histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs) using human-interpretable image features (HIFs). Our method leverages >1.6 million annotations from board-certified pathologists across >5,700 WSIs to train deep learning models for high-resolution tissue classification and cell detection across entire WSIs in five cancer types. Combining cell- and tissue-type models enables computation of 607 HIFs that comprehensively capture specific and biologically-relevant characteristics of multiple tumors. We demonstrate that these HIFs correlate with well-known markers of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and can predict diverse molecular signatures, including immune checkpoint protein expression and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Our HIF-based approach provides a novel, quantitative, and interpretable window into the composition and spatial architecture of the TME.
N-gram distribution based language model adaptation (2000)

This paper presents two techniques for language model (LM) adaptation. The first aims to build a more general LM. We propose a distribution-based pruning of n-gram LMs, where we prune n-grams that are likely to be infrequent in a new document. Experimental results show that the distribution-based pruning method performed up to 9% (word perplexity reduction) better than conventional cutoff methods. Moreover, the pruning method results in a more general ngram backoff model, in spite of the domain, style, or temporal bias in the training data. The second aims to build a more task-specific LM. We propose an n-gram distribution adaptation method for LM training. Given a large set of out-of-task training data, called training set, and a small set of task-specific training data, called seed set, we adapt the LM towards the task by adjusting the n-gram distribution in the training set to that in the seed set. Experimental results show non-trivial improvements over conventional methods.
Slow-wave phase shifter model and applications (2005)

A true time delay multi-bit MEMS phase shifter topology based on impedance-matched slow-wave CPW sections on a 500 /spl mu/m, thick quartz substrate is presented. A semi-lumped model for the unit cell is derived and used in predicting the 4-bit phase shifter performance by cascading N-sections. Experimental data for a 4.6 mm long 4-bit device shows a maximum phase error of 5.5/spl deg/ and S/sub 11/ less than -21 dB from 1-50 GHz. This multi-bit phase shifter is used in an electronically tunable TRL calibration set. It is shown via calibration comparison method that the accuracy of the tunable TRL is close to a conventional multi-line TRL calibration. A maximum error bound of 0.14 at 50 GHz is validated using a 0.3 pF capacitor on CS-5 substrate and a 100 /spl Omega/ load on GaAs substrate.
Orthogonally Polarized Kerr Frequency Combs (2017)

Kerr optical frequency combs with multi-gigahertz spacing have previously been demonstrated in chip-scale microresonators, with potential applications in coherent communication, spectroscopy, arbitrary waveform generation, and radio frequency photonic oscillators. In general, the harmonics of a frequency comb are identically polarized in a single microresonator. In this work, we report that one comb in one polarization is generated by an orthogonally polarized soliton comb and two low-noise, orthogonally polarized combs interact with each other and exist simultaneously in a single microresonator. The second comb generation is attributed to the strong cross-phase modulation with the orthogonally polarized soliton comb and the high peak power of the intracavity soliton pulse. Experimental results show that a second frequency comb is excited even when a continuous wave light as a "seed"-with power as low as 0.1 mW-is input, while its own power level is below the threshold of comb generation. Moreover, the second comb has a concave envelope, which is different from the sech2 envelope of the soliton comb. This is due to the frequency mismatch between the harmonics and the resonant frequency. We also find that the repetition rates of these two combs coincide, although two orthogonal resonant modes are characterized by different free spectral ranges.
The excellent fusing toner by controlling polyester crystallinity (2007)

In recent years, it is required that the toner can be fused at lower energy from the viewpoint of saving energy. It has already been reported by Shirai et al; good fusing ability is achieved by using amorphous polyester including crystalline polyester. It is supposed that the good fusing ability is due to drastic change of viscoelasticity of crystalline polyester around melting temperature.On the other hand, the storage stability of the toner including crystalline polyester is not good compared with that of the toner without crystalline polyester. The thermal property of the toner including crystalline polyester is focused. As a result, glass transition temperature (Tg) of the toner is dramatically decreased compared with that of the toner without crystalline polyester. It is known that Tg of the toner including crystalline polyester is affected by the crystallinity of this toner itself. It means that crystal can't be kept in the toner by kneading process in case that crystalline polyester and amorphous polyester are miscible each other well. It is essential to improve crystallinity of the toner in order to improve the storage stability.In this study, one method was investigated in order to improve the storage stability of the toner including crystalline polyester. The method is annealing treatment. The crystallinity of this toner was increased by treating at a temperature 50°C to 90°C. This temperature means more than Tg of the toner and less than melting temperature of crystalline polyester. It is found that Tg of the toner is also increased by annealing treatment. In addition, it is found that the fusing ability of this toner with the annealing treatment can be kept the lowest.
A constrained multipath traffic engineering scheme for MPLS networks (2003)

A traffic engineering problem consists of setting up paths between the edge nodes of the network to meet traffic demands while optimizing the network performance. It is known that total traffic throughput in a network, hence the resource utilization, can be maximized if the traffic demand is split over multiple paths. However, the problem formulation and practical algorithms, which calculate the paths and the traffic split ratio taking the route constraints or policies into consideration, have not been much touched. This paper proposes practical algorithms that find near optimal paths satisfying the given traffic demand under constraints such as maximum hop count, and preferred or not-preferred node/link list. The mixed integer programming formulation also calculates the traffic split ratio for the multiple paths. The problems are solved with the split ratio of continuous or discrete values. However, the split ratio solved with discrete values (0.1, 0.2 etc.) are more suitable for easy implementation at the network nodes. The proposed algorithms are applied to the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) that permits explicit path setup. The paths and split ratio are calculated off-line, and passed to MPLS edge routers for explicit label-switched path (LSP) setup. The proposed schemes are tested in a large-scale fictitious backbone network. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithms are fast and superior to the conventional shortest path algorithm in terms of maximum link utilization, total traffic volume, and number of required LSPs.
Design and implementation of 500GSPS random equivalent sampling (2015)

With the increase in horizontal scanning speed, the time observing window narrows down, so the high random equivalent sampling rate is needed. There are two key points that determine equivalent sampling rate, namely real-time sampling rate of analog-digital converter and high resolution of time interval measurement. In this paper, a method of multichannel random equivalent sampling based on time-interleaved ADC structure is proposed. the crucial time-interval measurement circuit based on time to Amplitude was introduced and explored. Besides, a high-speed trigger channel is needed for high speed data acquire, the relationship of trigger signal and data synchronized clock was discussed, and the circuit of trigger channel was gave. The experimental data show that 500GSPS random equivalent sampling rate was obtain. The method given in the article can also be extended into wide ranges of high speed data acquisition system such as Time domain reflectometer, and jitter analyzer etc.
Fabrication of ZnO nanorod-based hydrogen gas nanosensor (2007)

We report a first work on nanofabrication of hydrogen nanosensor from single ZnO branched nanorods (tripod) using in-situ lift-out technique and performed in the chamber of focused ion beam (FIB) system. Self-assembled ZnO branched nanorod has been grown by a cost-effective and fast synthesis route using an aqueous solution method and rapid thermal processing. Their properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. These analyses indicate high quality ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, our synthesis technique permits branched nanorods to be easily transferred to other substrates. This flexibility of substrate choice opens the possibility of using FIB system for handling. The main advantage of the proposed in-situ approach is a controllable lift-out procedure which permitted us to obtain a 90% success rate for building nanodevices. The fabricated nanosensor uses only single self-assembled ZnO branched nanorod (tripod) to gauge the 150 ppm H2 in the air at room temperature. The hydrogen sensitivity is in the range of 0.6–2% depending on which two branches to use. The nanosensor has selectivity against other gases such as O2, CH4, CO and LPG, which shows sensitivity of <0.02%. The single ZnO branched nanorod sensor can operate at low power of <5 μW.
The Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Exhibits Smooth Muscle Subtype-selective Modular Regulation in Vivo (2001)

Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the transgene consisting of the -4.2 to +11.6 kilobase (kb) region of the smooth muscle (SM) myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene was expressed in virtually all SM tissue types in vivo in transgenic mice and that the multiple CArG elements within this region were differentially required in SMC subtypes, implying that the SM-MHC gene was controlled by multiple transcriptional regulatory modules. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed specific regulatory regions within the SM-MHC -4.2 to +11.6 kb region by a combination of deletion analyses of various SM-MHC transgenes as well as by DNaseI hypersensitivity assays and in vivo footprinting in intact SMC tissues. The results showed that SM-MHC transgene expression depended on a large number of required regulatory modules that were widely spread over the -4.2 to +11.6 region. Moreover, the results revealed several unexpected novel features of regulation of the SM-MHC gene including: 1) unique combinations of regulatory modules were required for SM-MHC expression in different SMC-subtypes; 2) repressor modules as well as activator modules were both critical for SMC specificity of the gene; 3) certain modules were required in certain contexts but were dispensable in others within a given SMC-subtype (i.e. the net activity of the module was determined by interaction between modules not simply by the sum of module activities); and 4) we identified a highly conserved 200-base pair transcriptional regulatory module at +8 kb that was required in the large arteries but dispensable in the coronary arteries and airways in transgenic mice and contained multiple potential cis-elements that were occupied by nuclear proteins in the intact aorta based on in vivo footprinting. Taken together, the results suggest a model of complex modular control of expression of the SM-MHC gene that varies between SMC subtypes. Moreover, the studies establish the possibility of designing derivatives of the SM-MHC promoter that might be used for targeting gene expression to specific SMC subtypes in vivo.
Time-lag duplexing-a fault tolerance technique for online transaction processing systems (2002)

In this paper the concept of time-lag duplexing is proposed to achieve fault tolerance. Time-lag duplexing incorporates time and component redundancy to provide for transient errors both easy error recovery and tolerance against errors in common irredundant components. As a result, minimum performance and cost penalties are incurred. In this paper the fault detection and recovery algorithm using time-lag duplexing is shown for both transient and permanent faults. We show the applicability of time-lag duplexing by developing a prototype Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) System in a Network Computing Environment. Faults are injected into this prototype to show the viability of this technique.
Synthesis of Continuous Sic Fibers with High Tensile Strength (1976)

Continuous Sic fibers with a tensile strength of 350 kg/mm 2 and a Young's modulus of 30 tons/mm 2 were synthesized from an organometallic polymer. Continuous fibers were first obtained by heat‐treating a polycarbosilane polymer which had been synthesized from dimethyldichlorosilane. The fiber, which contains ultrafine‐grain crystallites of β‐Sic, has no fiber texture measurable by X‐ray diffraction and high‐voltage electron microscopy.
ProCMotive: Bringing Programability and Connectivity into Isolated Vehicles (2017)

In recent years, numerous vehicular technologies, e.g., cruise control and steering assistant, have been proposed and deployed to improve the driving experience, passenger safety, and vehicle performance. Despite the existence of several novel vehicular applications in the literature, there still exists a significant gap between resources needed for a variety of vehicular (in particular, data-dominant, latency-sensitive, and computationally-heavy) applications and the capabilities of already-in-market vehicles. To address this gap, different smartphone-/Cloud-based approaches have been proposed that utilize the external computational/storage resources to enable new applications. However, their acceptance and application domain are still very limited due to programability, wireless connectivity, and performance limitations, along with several security/privacy concerns. In this paper, we present a novel architecture that can potentially enable rapid development of various vehicular applications while addressing shortcomings of smartphone-/Cloud-based approaches. The architecture is formed around a core component, called SmartCore, a privacy/security-friendly programmable dongle that brings general-purpose computational and storage resources to the vehicle and hosts in-vehicle applications. Based on the proposed architecture, we develop an application development framework for vehicles, that we call ProCMotive. ProCMotive enables developers to build customized vehicular applications along the Cloud-to-edge continuum, i.e., different functions of an application can be distributed across SmartCore, the user's personal devices, and the Cloud. To highlight potential benefits that the framework provides, we design and develop two different vehicular applications based on ProCMotive, namely, Amber Response and Insurance Monitor.
Mid-IR Fiber Sources (2012)

IR Chalcogenide glass fibers have broad transmission in the IR and high intrinsic nonlinearities. These nonlinear processes can be exploited to generate mid-IR sources. We report on mid-IR sources based on these fibers.
High-temperature superconductor cryogenic current comparator (1995)

NIST is developing a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) to operate at 77 K, using high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ceramic shielding material and an HTS-based superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detector. The shielding properties of at least two polycrystalline oxide HTS materials appear sufficient for use in a high-accuracy CCC. A measurement of current-linkage error, a figure of merit for CCC devices, is made for one type of HTS CCC. The design of a second HTS CCC which uses improved magnetic shielding is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multimodal (MRI/ultrasound) cardiac phantom for imaging experiments (2013)

A dynamic cardiac phantom can play a significant role in the evaluation and development of ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) motion tracking and registration methods. A four chamber multimodal cardiac phantom has been designed and built to simulate normal and pathologic hearts with different degrees of “infarction” and “scar tissues”. In this set up, cardiac valves have been designed and modeled as well. The four-chamber structure can simulate the asymmetric ventricular, atrial and valve motions. Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) is used as the principal material since it can simulate the shape, elasticity, and MR and ultrasound properties of the heart. The cardiac shape is simulated using a four-chamber mold made of polymer clay. An additional pathologic heart phantom containing stiff inclusions has been manufactured in order to simulate an infracted heart. The stiff inclusions are of different shapes and different degrees of elasticity and are able to simulate abnormal cardiac segments. The cardiac elasticity is adjusted based on freeze-thaw cycles of the PVA cryogel for normal and scarred regions. Ultrasound and MRI markers were inserted in the cardiac phantom as landmarks for validations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multimodal phantom that models a dynamic four-chamber human heart including the cardiac valve.
Large magnetoresistance in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ramp-edge junctions (1998)

We report on the fabrication of ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet junction devices using a ramp-edge geometry based on (La0.7Sr0.3)MnO3 ferromagnetic electrodes and a SrTiO3 insulator. The maximum junction magnetoresistance (JMR) as large as 23% is observed below 300 Oe at low temperatures (T&lt;100 K). Our ramp-edge junctions exhibit JMR of 6% at 200 K with a field less than 100 Oe. The device performance at room temperature is believed to be limited by both the nearly equivalent coercive fields in the electrodes and the magnetization process, rather than by the insulating barrier.
A Newly Designed Quarter-Rate QC-LDPC Code for the Cloud Transmission System (2013)

In this brief, we propose a newly designed quarter-rate quasi-cyclic low density parity check (LDPC) code for the cloud transmission system. The cloud transmission system requires a near Shannon limit low-rate coding for the next generation terrestrial digital television system. The proposed LDPC code is optimized for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> =1/4. At the code length of 64 K, it is only 0.6 dB away from Shannon limit.