gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations between mutations and a VNTR in the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. (1992)

The HindIII RFLP in the human phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene is caused by the presence of an AT-rich (70%) minisatellite region. This region contains various multiple of 30-bp tandem repeats and is located 3 kb downstream of the final exon of the gene. PCR-mediated amplification of this region from haplotyped PAH chromosomes indicates that the previously reported 4.0-kb HindIII allele contains three of these repeats, while the 4.4-kb HindIII allele contains 12 of these repeats. The 4.2-kb HindIII fragment can contain six, seven, eight, or nine copies of this repeat. These variations permit more detailed analysis of mutant haplotypes 1, 5, 6, and, possibly, others. Kindred analysis in phenylketonuria families demonstrates Mendelian segregation of these VNTR alleles, as well as associations between these alleles and certain PAH mutations. The R261Q mutation, associated with haplotype 1, is associated almost exclusively with an allele containing eight repeats; the R408W mutation, when occurring on a haplotype 1 background, may also be associated with the eight-repeat VNTR allele. Other PAH mutations associated with haplotype 1, R252W and P281L, do not appear to segregate with specific VNTR alleles. The IVS-10 mutation, when associated with haplotype 6, is associated exclusively with an allele containing seven repeats. The combined use of this VNTR system and the existing RFLP haplotype system will increase the performance of prenatal diagnostic tests based on haplotype analysis. In addition, this VNTR may prove useful in studies concerning the origins and distributions of PAH mutations in different human populations.
Areal topography measurement of metal additive surfaces using focus variation microscopy (2018)

In this work, the performance of a focus variation instrument for measurement of areal topography of metal additive surfaces was investigated. Samples were produced using both laser and electron beam powder bed fusion processes with some of the most common additive materials: Al-Si-10Mg, Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V. Surfaces parallel and orthogonal to the build direction were investigated. Measurement performance was qualified by visually inspecting the topographic models obtained from measurement and quantified by computing the number of non-measured data points, by estimating local repeatability error in topography height determination and by computing the value of the areal field texture parameter Sa. Variations captured through such indicators were investigated as focus variation-specific measurement control parameters were varied. Changes in magnification, illumination type, vertical resolution and lateral resolution were investigated. The experimental campaign was created through full factorial design of experiments, and regression models were used to link the selected measurement process control parameters to the measured performance indicators. The results indicate that focus variation microscopy measurement of metal additive surfaces is robust to changes of the measurement control parameters when the Sa texture parameter is considered, with variations confined to sub-micrometre scales and within 5% of the average parameter value for the same surface and objective. The number of non-measured points and the local repeatability error were more affected by the choice of measurement control parameters. However, such changes could be predicted by the regression models, and proved consistent once material, type of additive process and orientation of the measured surface are set.
Measuring the value of professional indexing (2019)

This study provides both a quantitative estimate and qualitative analysis of the additional ‘retrieval power’ that professionally assigned subject indexing affords users of a typical database in the field of education. A full version of Informit’s A+ Education database and one stripped of its subject indexing were searched by four research assistants tasked with compiling exhaustive bibliographies on forty-eight topics. The searchers were then surveyed about their use of the two databases, while their bibliographies and search logs were also examined. A two-way ANOVA model was constructed to estimate the percentage of additional resources found by the searchers on the full version of the database, while the survey responses, bibliographies and logs were analysed qualitatively. It was estimated that the subject indexing increases the yield of relevant resources by an average of between 48.1 and 124%, across the four searchers and all possible topics. The qualitative analysis showed that the indexing and controlled vocabulary was used by searchers in different ways, and that it also provided them with more selection power. The study provides clear evidence that professional indexing and controlled subject vocabularies can greatly enhance the performance of those tasked with scholarly literature searches.
Expression and transcriptional control of the <i>Salmonella typhimurium lpf</i> fimbrial operon by phase variation (1998)

The lpf operon mediates adhesion of Salmonella typhimurium to murine Peyer's patches. To investigate expression of this virulence factor, a transcriptional fusion between the lpf operon and the genes lacZYA of Escherichia coli was constructed and introduced into the S. typhimurium chromosome. The resulting strain yielded both Lac+ and Lac- colony phenotypes. Alternation between Lac+ (phase ON) and Lac- (phase OFF) phenotypes occurred by a heritable phase variation mechanism, as inoculation of broth cultures with bacteria picked from a Lac+ colony gave rise to a considerably higher proportion of Lac+ colonies than inoculation with bacteria picked from a Lac- colony. During growth in vitro, phase transition from ON to OFF and from OFF to ON occurred at rates 6.8 x 10(-3) and 2.4 x 10(-4) events per cell per generation respectively. In a murine intestinal organ culture model, selection for the ON expression state occurred when attached bacteria were recovered from Peyer's patches, suggesting that Lac phase variation correlated with expression of lpf mediated adherence. Selection for either the ON or the OFF expression state of the Ipf operon in vivo was studied in mice immunized with either GST or GST-LpfA fusion protein. A strong selection against phase ON cells occurred only in animals immunized with GST-LpfA. The ability of animals immunized with GST-LpfA to distinguish between phase ON and phase OFF bacteria provided evidence for the presence of LpfA fimbrial protein in phase ON cells and for its exposure to the immune system.
Evidence for Reduced Catabolism by the Antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 in Acutely Uremic Rats (1987)

Previous studies suggested that increased blood levels of, or increased tissue sensitivity to, glucocorticoids may contribute to catabolism in acute uremia. To examine this possibility we determined urea nitrogen (urea-N) appearance, plasma levels of Nt-methylhistidine and the activity of the alkaline myofibrillar proteinase in acutely uremic rats with and without treatment with RU 38486, a selective antiglucocorticoid. Forty-eight hours after bilateral nephrectomy, the rats had markedly elevated serum levels of urea-N, creatinine, potassium and phosphorus. In uremic rats receiving RU 38486, comparable levels of serum creatinine were found, but the serum levels of urea-N (221 +/- 4 vs. 259 +/- 5 mg/dl) and phosphorus (6.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l) were significantly decreased as compared to uremic animals without RU 38486. In comparison to sham-operated rats, urea-N appearance (net urea production) was increased by 56% 48 h after bilateral nephrectomy. This increment was almost completely reversed in uremic animals receiving the antiglucocorticoid. In untreated uremic rats, plasma levels of Nt-methylhistidine were 10.3 +/- 0.9 microgram/dl, whereas the administration of RU 38486 caused a significant decline in the levels of this amino acid (7.6 +/- 0.5 microgram/dl). This reduction in Nt-methylhistidine was associated with a concomitant decrease of myofibrillar proteinase activity in muscle tissue homogenates. Compared to sham-operated animals, this proteinase activity was increased by 30% in uremic rats, but was normal in those given RU 38486. Taken together, these data support the view that in acute uremia accelerated ureagenesis occurs, while enhanced muscle protein breakdown, owing to an increment in myofibrillar proteinase activity, provides the necessary amino acid precursors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developing a bioinspired pole climbing robot (2016)

This paper proposes a pole climbing robot that has an ability to climb pipes. The novelty of this design is that it uses no motors to climb on the pole. Till now many robots have been fabricated with the ability to climb pipes but most of them solely depend on DC motors. The use of DC motor induces the risk of loosening the grip of the robot in case of power failure that may lead to disastrous situations if robot is working on high altitudes. This could be easily avoidable by the use of electro-pneumatics and by using self-locking circuits. We used two pairs of pneumatic cylinders as linear actuators for gripping the pole i.e. one pair for one claw. Besides this two more cylinders are used for climbing purpose. Unlike other mechanisms, installation is extremely easy. It is like controlling a radio controlled car. This mechanism can be easily modified for different payload capacities by simply using the appropriate diameter of the pneumatic cylinders. The robot can be controlled in tele-operated mode as well as autonomous mode which is a closed loop system. It has a high accuracy with 4mm error per cycle that has a cycle time period of 5 seconds. This robot can be very useful in oil industries for inspection of pipes and power poles in electric industries. It can serve of great help in cases of emergency situation caused during fire accidents.
In Silico Assessment of Literature Insulin Bolus Calculation Methods Accounting for Glucose Rate of Change (2018)

Our study showed that, at least in the considered ideal framework, none of the methods to correct SF according to ROC is globally better than the others. Critical analysis of the results also suggests that further investigations are needed to develop more effective formulas to account for ROC information in BCs.
Geolocation of frequency-hopping transmitters via satellite (1993)

An analysis of satellite-communications terminal geolocation performed by means of interception of ground terminal uplink transmissions in which a number of spaceborne interceptors transpond the frequency band of interest to terrestrial location for processing is presented. Interception regions for prototypical terminals and satellites are calculated and the results are presented parametrically as a function of uplink signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The optimum angular separation of the interceptor satellites is found, and the effect of nonoptimal separation is discussed, as are the practical limitations involved in implementing this geolocation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADMET‐Polymerization of Dienes based on Sustainable Chemicals (2010)

Abstract Summary: Eugenol and isoeugenol were used as natural based starting materials to prepare unsaturated polyethers and polycarbonates. The polymerization was achieved in a two step procedure exploiting the orthogonal phenol and ene functionalities. Thus diene terminated ethers and organic carbonates were obtained from eugenol and isoeugenol, and subjected to ADMET polymerisation using Grubbs 2 nd generation catalyst 1 . The obtained unsaturated polymers have molecular weights ranging from 2.700 to 32.000 g/mol. Molecular weight build up was partly restricted by the low solubility of the products.
DESIGN OF A HEATER FOR NATURAL GAS STATIONS ASSISTED BY TWO-PHASE LOOP THERMOSYPHON (2007)

The thermal model, used in the preliminary design of a gas station heater, is presented. The aim of this research is to develop equipment that should be a new option to heat the natural gas at city-gates stations. The two-phase close loop thermosyphon technology is employed for indirect heating, with water as working fluid and the material selected is carbon steel. At present, water-bath heater is widespread used for gas industry to heat the natural gas. Its large size, the need for water reposition, its low thermal efficiency, are the main operational problems of the traditional equipment. To design better equipment is the main challenge of the present work. Furthermore, the recent success obtained by the use of two-phase thermosyphons in many different types of equipment for industry encourages this research. The heater design procedure is showed. This new concept resulted in small equipment. On the other side, it is not possible to use one simple on-off burner, which is used in the water-bath heater, the conventional equipment. One transient analysis is made to define how many levels the burner must present to work properly.
Fabrication and characterization of silicone-based tissue phantoms with tunable optical properties in the visible and near infrared domain (2008)

We present a fabrication process for Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tissue simulating phantoms with tunable optical properties to be used for optical system calibration and performance testing.Compared to liquid phantoms, cured PDMS phantoms are easier to transport and use, and have a longer usable life than gelatin based phantoms.Additionally, the deformability of cured PDMS makes it a better option over hard phantoms such as polyurethane optical phantoms when using optical probes which require tissue contact.PDMS has a refractive index of about 1.43 in the near infrared domain which is in the range of the refractive index of tissue.Absorption properties are determined through the addition of india ink, a broad band absorber in the visible and near infrared spectrum.Scattering properties are set by adding titanium dioxide, an inexpensive and widely available scattering agent which yields a wavelength dependent scattering coefficient similar to that observed in tissue in the near infrared.Phantom properties were characterized and validated using a two-distance, broadband frequency-domain photon migration system.Repeatability and predictability for the phantom fabrication process will be presented.
Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating Immunoinflammation and Remyelination (2012)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an irreversible and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, in part influenced by chronic inflammation. There is no proven effective therapy to stop the pathological progression of MS, although suppressing the immune system to control the inflammatory response may improve the clinical performance acutely. Here, we found that mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord (hUC-MSCs) could restore behavioral functions and attenuate the histopathological deficits of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice over the long term (i.e., 50 days) by suppression of perivascular immune cell infiltrations and reduction in both demyelination and axonal injury in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that transplantation of hUC-MSCs may be a potential therapy for MS.
Impact of Continuously Administered Catechol Estrogens on Uterine Growth and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion* (1979)

The biological activity of a series of natural catechol estrogens was examined under conditions of continuous administration. 2-Hydroxyestradiol (2OH-E2), 2-methoxyestradiol (2MeOE2), 4-hydroxyestrone (4OH-E1), 4-methoxyestradiol (4MeOE2), 2-hydroxyestrone (2OH-E1), and 4-methoxyestrone (4MeOE1) were delivered at the rate of 1 microgram/h from osmotic pumps implanted in ovariectomized rats. Uterine growth and plasma LH concentrations were measured 24, 48, and 72 h after implantation. Little or no uterotropic activity was exhibited by the 2-hydroxylated metabolites 2OH-E1 and 2MeOE2 at any interval, while 2OH-E2 exhibited anomalous uterotropic activity, which terminated at 48 h. The 4-hydroxylated compounds 4MeOE2, 4OH-E1, and 4MeOE1 all produced substantial and progressive uterine growth. Tonic LH secretion was suppressed by 2OH-E2, 4OH-E1, and 4MeOE1 in proportion to their uterotropic activity. 2OH-E1 was the only substance which increased plasma LH concentrations. The nuclear receptor occupancy by 2OH-E2 was substantially shorter than that of E2. Binding studies of the test and other related estrogens to the uterine cytosol estradiol receptor showed that their relative binding affinities in many instances did not correlate with their biological activities.
Rubidium-doped epitaxial C<sub>60</sub>thin films: synthesis and electronic transport (1993)

Epitaxial thin films of C60 have been synthesized and doped with rubidium. Above 80 K, the sample resistivity shows classic metallic temperature dependence just like that of K3C60 single crystals. However, the temperature coefficient changes sign at about 80 K, and the resistivity increases by 5% before the superconducting state near 30 K is reached. As for different samples, the zero-resistance temperature varies sharply with the sample lowest resistivity and can be fitted to a functional form of Tc0=a+b rho -5. The critical current density Jc is 103-104 A cm2 at approximately= 5 K, 0 T and it is found that Jc is proportional to (1-T/Tc)alpha , where alpha is in the range 1.3-2.0. Furthermore, the voltage-current characteristic of the films is very similar to that of high-Tc superconductors and remains a problem for further research on this new kind of material.
Skeletal muscle cells express the profibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), which induces their dedifferentiation (2007)

Fibrotic disorders are typified by excessive connective tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that precludes normal healing processes of different tissues. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) seems to be involved in the fibrotic response. Several muscular dystrophies are characterized by a progressive weakness and wasting of the musculature, and by extensive fibrosis. However, the exact role of CTGF in skeletal muscle is unknown. Here we show that myoblasts and myotubes are able to synthesize CTGF in response to transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-beta) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). CTGF induced several ECM constituents such as fibronectin, collagen type I and alpha4, 5, 6, and beta1 integrin subunits in myoblasts and myotubes. CTGF had an important inhibitory effect on muscle differentiation evaluated by the decrease in the nuclear translocation of the early muscle regulatory factor myogenin and myosin. Remarkable, CTGF treatment of myoblasts induced their dedifferentiation, characterized by down regulating MyoD and desmin, two markers of committed myoblasts, together with a strong reorganization of cytoskeletal filaments. These results provide novel evidence for the underlying mechanisms and participation of skeletal muscle cells in the synthesis and role of CTGF inducing fibrosis, inhibiting myogenesis and dedifferentiating myoblasts.
Durable Wood Adhesives from Kraft Lignin (1989)

Kraft lignin having a high reactivity with formaldehyde is the basis for two new durable wood adhesives. Bonds formed under moderate acid-catalysis of a dispersion of hydroxymethylated lignin had high strength and were water resistant. However, they required longer press times than those needed for bonding with conventional phenolic adhesives at comparable temperatures. An alternative formulation involved the dispersed hydroxymethylated lignin reacting with a blocked diisocyanate. This formulation required less energy for bonding and yielded high-quality bonds. These formulations use little or no petrochemicals and produce energy efficient bonding. Further work on formulation variables and bonding conditions should result in commercial adhesive systems for flakeboard, oriented strandboard, and plywood manufacture.
Holistic approach to anti-knock agents: A high-throughput screening of aniline-like compounds (2021)

The increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions are encouraging the search for efficient combustion technologies for transportation. A valuable strategy consists of tailoring the properties of fuels through addition of additives that might increase the octane number subject to the classification, labeling and packaging regulation of fuel quality. In this context, we present an integrated approach involving a high-throughput screening that relies on selected physicochemical factors of aniline-like compounds, measurements of structural resemblance and susceptibility to participate in chemical reactions with radical species, in conjunction with production viability as well as environmental and toxicological risks. This process led to a final set of representative compounds that were chosen to explore their behavior as anti-knock additives. The suitability of these compounds was determined through assays performed to determine the impact on fuel volatility and RON booster efficiency in conjunction with a critical assessment of their eco/toxicological risk estimated by means of a safety index. This holistic strategy led to the identification of N-methyl-p-anisidine, N',N'-diethyl-2-methyl-p-phenylenediamine and N-nitroso-diphenylamine as promising anti-knock additives. This approach is proposed as an alternative strategy to the unsupervised experimental screening of fuel additives.