gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upper critical field measurement and penetration depth determination for superconducting NbCN films (1987)

High T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , low resistivity NbCN films were prepared by rf sputtering in a reactive gas mixture of Ar, N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and cyanogen. Upper critical field for parallel and perpendicular orientation of the films to the applied field were measured systematically from T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> down to 1.5 K. The critical field anisotropy is anomalous i.e., <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H\min{c2}\max{\perp} > H\min{c2}\max{\parallel}</tex> for films sputtered at lower substrate temperature, whereas it shows normal behavior for films deposited at T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> ∼ 1100°C. This behavior is similar to that in sputtered NbN. The measured critical current in the presence of an applied magnetic field is lower than that in NbN of comparable properties. The penetration depth, λ(0), was determined by measuring the self inductance of these NbCN films using it as an inductor in an LC oscillator circuit driven by a tunnel diode. It appears that NbCN films have lower λ(0) than sputtered NbN films. The fact that NbCN films have higher T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , lower ρ and lower λ(0) makes this a somewhat better superconductor for superconducting electronics applications.
A Small Interfering RNA Targeting Coxsackievirus B3 Protects Permissive HeLa Cells from Viral Challenge (2005)

We examined the ability of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to disrupt infection by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The incorporation of siRNAs dramatically decreased cell death in permissive HeLa cells in parallel with a reduction in viral replication. Three of four siRNAs had potent anti-CVB3 activity. The present study thus demonstrates that the antiviral effect is due to the downregulation of viral replication. In addition, an effective CVB3-specific siRNA had similar antiviral effects in other related enteroviruses possessing sequence homology in the targeted region. Because the CVB3-specific siRNA is effective against other enteroviruses, siRNAs have potential for a universal anti-enterovirus strategy.
A comparison study of optical coherence elastography and laser Michelson vibrometry (2016)

Quantitative elastography is a power technique to detect and analyze the changes in biomedical properties of tissues in normal and pathological states. In this study, two noncontact elastography techniques, laser Michelson vibrometry (LMV) and optical coherence elastography (OCE), were utilized to quantify the Young’s modulus of tissue-mimicking agar phantoms of various concentrations. Low-amplitude (micrometer scale) elastic waves were induced by a focused air-pulse delivery system and imaged by the respective systems. The Young’s modulus as assessed by both elastographic techniques was similar and was compared to the stiffness as measured by uniaxial mechanical testing. The results show that both techniques accurately quantified the elasticity. OCE can provide absolute elastic wave temporal profile, depth-resolved measurement and superior displacement sensitivity compared to LMV, but LMV is significantly cheaper (10X) and easier to implement than OCE.
Configuring Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) using DHCPv6 (2009)

A Cryptographically Generated Address (CGA) is an IPv6 addresses
binding with a public/private key pair. However, the current CGA
specifications are lack of procedures to enable proper management of
CGA generation. Administrators should be able to configure parameters
used to generate CGA. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6), which enables network management to dynamically configure
hosts, can be used in the CGA configuration. Furthermore, CGA
generation consumes large computation power. This computational burden
can be delegated to the DHCPv6 server. A new DHCPv6 options are also
defined in this document to enable hosts delegate CGA generation to a
DHCPv6 server.
Dual-Core Capacitive Microfiber Sensor for Smart Textile Applications (2019)

Wearable sensors for smart textile applications have garnered tremendous interest in recent years and can have enormous potential for human machine interfaces and digital health monitoring. Here, we report a soft capacitive microfiber sensor that can be woven seamlessly into textiles for strain measurement. Comprising a dual-lumen elastomeric microtube and liquid metallic alloy, the microfiber sensor enables continual strain perception even after being completely severed. In addition, our microfiber sensor is highly stretchable and flexible and exhibits tunable sensitivity, excellent linearity, a fast response, and negligible hysteresis. More importantly, the microfiber sensor is minimally affected by train rate and compression during strain sensing. Even under drastic environmental changes, the microfiber sensor presents good electrical stability. By integrating the microfiber sensor imperceptibly with textiles, we devise smart textile wearables to interpret hand gestures, detect limb motion, and monitor respiration rate. We believe that this sensor presents enormous potential in unobtrusive continuous health monitoring.
Huntington disease: new insights into the relationship between CAG expansion and disease (1996)

The mutation underlying Huntington disease (HD) is CAG expansion beyond 35 repeats within a novel gene. Recently, new insights into the role of the HD protein (huntingtin) in the pathogenesis of HD have emerged. The CAG is translated and expression of mutant huntingtin is essential for neuronal death. Huntingtin is crucial for normal development and may be regarded as a cell survival gene. Huntingtin is specifically cleaved during apoptosis by a key cysteine protease, apopain, known to play a pivotal role in apoptotic cell death. The rate of cleavage is enhanced by longer polyglutamine tracts, suggesting that inappropriate apoptosis underlies HD. Recently, three proteins have been identified and have been shown specifically to interact with huntingtin, two of these interactions being influenced by CAG length. Several different approaches to develop an animal model for HD include cDNA and YAC transgenics, as well as 'knock-in' strategies. Such a model will be critical for the understanding of the natural history of HD and for the testing of new therapeutic modalities.
Nanotemplating for Two-Dimensional Molecular Imprinting (2007)

A new 2D molecular imprinting technique based on nanotemplating and soft-lithography techniques is reported. This technique allows the creation of target-specific synthetic recognition sites on different substrates using a uniquely oriented and immobilized template and the attachment of a molecularly imprinted polymer on a substrate. The molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by AFM, fluorescence microscopy, and ATR-FTIR. We evaluated the rebinding ability of the sites with theophylline (the target molecule). The selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymer was determined for the theophylline-caffeine couple. The molecularly imprinted polymer exhibited selectivity for theophylline, as revealed by competitive rebinding experiments. Fluorescence microscopy experiments provided complementary proof of the selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymer surfaces toward theophylline. These selective molecularly imprinted polymers have the potential for chemical sensor applications. Because of its 2D nature, this novel chemical sensor technology can be integrated with many existing high-sensitivity multichannel detection technologies.
A two-plasmid system for stable, selective-pressure-independent expression of multiple extracellular proteins in mycobacteria (2004)

Recombinant mycobacteria expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular proteins are leading candidates for new vaccines against tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, and important tools both in antimycobacterial drug development and basic research in mycobacterial pathogenesis. Recombinant mycobacteria that stably overexpress and secrete major extracellular proteins of M. tuberculosis in native form on plasmids pSMT3 and pNBV1 were previously constructed by the authors. To enhance the versatility of this plasmid-based approach for mycobacterial protein expression, the Escherichia coli/mycobacteria shuttle plasmid pGB9 was modified to accommodate mycobacterial genes expressed from their endogenous promoters. Previous studies showed that the modified plasmid, designated pGB9.2, derived from the cryptic Mycobacterium fortuitum plasmid pMF1, was present at a low copy number in both E. coli and mycobacteria, and expression of recombinant M. tuberculosis proteins was found to be at levels paralleling its copy number, that is, approximating their endogenous levels. Plasmid pGB9.2 was compatible with the shuttle vectors pSMT3 and pNBV1 and in combination with them it simultaneously expressed the M. tuberculosis 30 kDa extracellular protein FbpB. Plasmid pGB9.2 was stably maintained in the absence of selective pressure in three mycobacterial species: Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. Plasmid pGB9.2 was found to be self-transmissible between both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria, but not from mycobacteria to E. coli or between E. coli strains. The combination of two compatible plasmids in one BCG strain allows expression of recombinant mycobacterial proteins at different levels, a potentially important factor in optimizing vaccine potency.
Investigation of the N-Substituent Conformation Governing Potency and μ Receptor Subtype-Selectivity in (+)-(3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-Dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- piperidine Opioid Antagonists (1998)

A study of the binding site requirements associated with the N-substituent of (+)-(3R,4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (4) derivatives was undertaken using a set of rigid vs flexible N-substituents. The study showed that compounds 7-9 bearing the trans-cinnamyl N-substituent most closely reproduced the potency at the opioid receptor of the flexible N-propylphenyl or N-propylcyclohexyl analogues previously reported. Neither the N-substituted cis-cinnamyl nor the cis-phenylcyclopropylmethyl compounds 10 and 11, respectively, showed high affinity for the opioid receptor. However, the N-trans-phenylcyclopropylmethyl compound 12 closely approximated the affinity of compounds 7-9. Additionally, we found that free rotation of the phenyl ring is necessary for high affinity binding and mu receptor subtype selectivity as the planar N-substituted thianaphthylmethyl and benzofuranylmethyl compounds 13 and 14 had significantly lower binding affinities. Altogether, these findings suggest that the high binding affinity, selectivity, and antagonist potency of N-propylphenyl or N-propylcyclohexyl analogues of (+)-(3R, 4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (4) are achieved via a conformation wherein the connecting chain of the N-substituents is extended away from piperidine nitrogen with the appended ring system rotated out-of-plane relative to the connecting chain atoms. This conformation is quite similar to that observed in the solid state for 5, as determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. Additionally, it was found that, unlike naltrexone, N-substituents bearing secondary carbons attached directly to the piperidine nitrogen of 4 suffer dramatic losses of potency vs analogues not substituted in this manner. Using a functional assay which measured stimulation or inhibition of [35S]GTP-gamma-S binding, we show that the trans-cinnamyl analogues of (+)-(3R, 4R)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine (4) retain opioid pure antagonist activity and possess picomolar antagonist potency at the mu receptor.
Laser printing of 3D metallic interconnects (2016)

The use of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) techniques for the printing of functional materials has been demonstrated for numerous applications. The printing gives rise to patterns, which can be used to fabricate planar interconnects. More recently, various groups have demonstrated electrical interconnects from laser-printed 3D structures. The laser printing of these interconnects takes place through aggregation of voxels of either molten metal or of pastes containing dispersed metallic particles. However, the generated 3D structures do not posses the same metallic conductivity as a bulk metal interconnect of the same cross-section and length as those formed by wire bonding or tab welding. An alternative is to laser transfer entire 3D structures using a technique known as lase-and-place. Lase-and-place is a LIFT process whereby whole components and parts can be transferred from a donor substrate onto a desired location with one single laser pulse. This paper will describe the use of LIFT to laser print freestanding, solid metal foils or beams precisely over the contact pads of discrete devices to interconnect them into fully functional circuits. Furthermore, this paper will also show how the same laser can be used to bend or fold the bulk metal foils prior to transfer, thus forming compliant 3D structures able to provide strain relief for the circuits under flexing or during motion from thermal mismatch. These interconnect "ridges" can span wide gaps (on the order of a millimeter) and accommodate height differences of tens of microns between adjacent devices. Examples of these laser printed 3D metallic bridges and their role in the development of next generation electronics by additive manufacturing will be presented.
Demographic Effects in Facial Recognition and Their Dependence on Image Acquisition: An Evaluation of Eleven Commercial Systems (2019)

We examined the effect of demographic factors on the performance of 11 commercial face biometric systems tested as part of the 2018 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate biometric technology rally. Each system that participated in this evaluation was tasked with acquiring face images from a diverse population of 363 subjects in a controlled environment. Biometric performance was assessed using a systematic, repeatable test process measuring both efficiency (transaction times), and accuracy (mated similarity scores) using a leading commercial algorithm. Prior works have documented differences in biometric algorithm performance across demographic categories and proposed that skin phenotypes offer a superior explanation for these differences. To test this concept, we developed an automatic method for measuring relative facial skin reflectance using subjects' enrollment images and quantified the effect of this metric and other demographic covariates on performance using linear modeling. Both the efficiency and accuracy of the tested acquisition systems were significantly affected by multiple demographic covariates, including skin reflectance, gender, age, eyewear, and height. Skin reflectance had the strongest net linear effect on performance. Linear modeling showed that lower (darker) skin reflectance was associated with lower efficiency (higher transaction times) and accuracy (lower mated similarity scores). Skin reflectance was also a statistically better predictor of these effects than self-identified race labels. Unlike other covariates, the degree to which skin reflectance altered accuracy varied between systems. We show that the size of this skin reflectance effect was inversely related to the overall accuracy of the system such that the effect was almost negligible for the system with the highest overall accuracy. These results suggest that, in evaluations of biometric accuracy, the magnitude of measured demographic effects depends on image acquisition.
Q-availability based Virtual Optical Network Provisioning (2018)

We show significant gain in Virtual Optical Network (VON) capacity by provisioning based on Q-availabilities of optical channels instead of fixed Q-margin. The Q-availability is calculated using stochastic simulations based on GN model.
Perspective—Combining Physics and Machine Learning to Predict Battery Lifetime (2021)

Forecasting the health of a battery is a modeling effort that is critical to driving improvements in and adoption of electric vehicles. Purely physics-based models and purely data-driven models have advantages and limitations of their own. Considering the nature of battery data and end-user applications, we outline several architectures for integrating physics-based and machine learning models that can improve our ability to forecast battery lifetime. We discuss the ease of implementation, advantages, limitations, and viability of each architecture, given the state of the art in the battery and machine learning fields.
Slurry Additive Effects on the Suppression of Silicon Nitride Removal during CMP (2004)

The removal of silicon nitride during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of shallow trench isolation structures occurs through tribological wear-induced conversion of the nitride to an oxide. Hence, silicon nitride removal rate can be drastically reduced if appropriate chemicals that can inhibit this conversion at the surface are added to the CMP slurry. This paper presents data on the effects of numerous amino acids and other chemical additives with ceria abrasives on the removal rate of silicon nitride during CMP. A mechanism is presented that explains the suppression of nitride removal during CMP, observed only with some of the amino acids and proline in particular. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CHARACTERIZING BIOGENOUS SEDIMENTS USING MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER BACKSCATTER DATA - ESTIMATING POWER LAW PARAMETER UTILIZING VARIOUS MODELS (2001)

In this paper, Helmholtz-Kirchhoff (H-K) roughness model is employed to characterize seafloor sediment and roughness parameters from the eastern sector of the Southern Oceans The multibeamHydroswcep system's angular-backscatter data, which is operable at 15.5 kHz, is used in this study Estimated power law parameters using H-K and composite roughness models are compared from the same areas. Interestingly, multibeam backscatter study result establishes a relationship between the power law parameters with the biogenous sediment type (calcareous/ siliceous) The combined application of the two models is found to be complementing each other for bottom roughness estimation
Catalytic synthesis of functionalized (polar and non-polar) polyolefin block copolymers (2018)

Herein, we report a methodology for the synthesis of polyolefin containing block-copolymers using a catalytic postpolymerization modification strategy. The most common polyolefin grades are converted into macroinitiators using a cross-metathesis reaction. These functionalized polyolefins are then used to initiate living: coordinative ring opening polymerization of lactide, anionic ring opening polymerization of epoxide, and radical polymerization of styrene to yield the corresponding block copolymers. The high activity of the catalysts employed in the different steps offers improved practicality for scalable synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of D‐Desosamine and Analogues by Rapid Assembly of 3‐Amino Sugars. (2016)

Abstract Key step in the synthesis of D‐desosamine and analogs (V) is the chromatography‐free procedure for the coupling of chiral nitrobutanols (I) with glyoxal to give pure 3‐nitro sugars by crystallization.
Dasotraline in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled, fixed-dose trial (2021)

In a previous study, dasotraline demonstrated efficacy at a dose of 8 mg/day in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in doses of 4 and 6 mg/day. Adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria for ADHD were randomized to 8 weeks of double-blind, once-daily, fixed-dose treatment with dasotraline 4 mg/day, 6 mg/day, or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was changed in the ADHD Rating Scale, Version IV (ADHD RS-IV) total score. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the Clinical Global Impression, Severity (CGI-S) Scale. Least squares mean reduction at week 8 in the ADHD RS-IV HV total score was not significantly greater (vs. placebo) in the dasotraline 4 mg/day group (-15.0 vs. -13.9; n.s.; or in the dasotraline 6 mg/day group (-16.5 vs. -13.9; P = 0.074; Hochberg correction). Treatment with dasotraline 6 mg/day was significant at week 8 (uncorrected) on the ADHD RS-IV total score (P = 0.037) and the CGI-S score (P = 0.011). Treatment with the 4 mg/day dose of dasotraline was NS. Treatment with dasotraline was generally well tolerated. The results provide additional evidence that supports the potential efficacy of dasotraline, in doses of 6 mg/day, in adults with ADHD.
Dielectrophoretic microweaving: Biofabrication of aligned bacterial nanocellulose for regenerative medicine (2009)

The use of natural and synthetic polymers as scaffolding material for regenerative medicine is far from clinical translation for most tissue applications. This is due primarily to lack of manufacturing control over mechanical properties and 3D architecture which promote cell attachment and proliferation. Cellulose, a natural polymer produced by the majority of plants, can be assembled into nanofibrils by bacteria. The advantage of bacterial cellulose is that it has unique biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, hydroexpansivity, and is stable under a wide range of conditions [1]. It is thus ideal as a scaffolding material on which to seed cells for regenerative medicine applications. The bacteria Acetobacter Xylinum produces nanoscale cellulose ribbons at an average rate of 2μm/min [2].Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Trough Plasma Concentrations of Mifepristone Correlate with Psychotic Symptom Reductions: A Review of Three Randomized Clinical Trials (2013)

Background: The relationship between plasma concentrations of psychiatric medications and their efficacy is rarely evaluated or relied upon in clinical practice. While it is generally accepted in clinical settings that patients respond to varying doses of medication, few studies have formally tested whether plasma concentrations of psychiatric medicine predict patients’ responses. We hypothesized that the amount of mifepristone detected in the plasma after dosing for 7 days would correlate with reduction of psychotic symptoms in patients with psychotic depression. This hypothesis was generated from the exploratory analysis phase of an early clinical trial. In that trial, a statistically significant linear correlation was observed between change in psychotic symptoms and mifepristone plasma concentrations observed at day 7. Method: Secondary analyses were conducted using data from three multicenter randomized clinical trials. For each of the three trials, hypothesis testing was conducted to test whether patients assigned to mifepristone whose plasma concentrations were above pre-specified concentration values would exhibit significantly greater reduction in psychotic symptoms than patients assigned to placebo. Results: In all studies, there was a statistically significant linear correlation between plasma concentration and change in psychotic symptoms. In two of the three clinical trials, the response rate of patients with mifepristone plasma concentrations above 1660 ng/ml was significantly greater than the placebo response rate. Results are presented for the three studies separately and for the combined data. Discussion: Although correlations between plasma correlations and clinical response are not often observed in psychiatric medications, there is evidence that trough mifepristone plasma concentrations are associated with clinical improvement. Study identification numbers clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00130676 (Study 07), NCT00146523 (Study 09), NCT00128479 (Study 06).