gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Halogen-Free Magnesium Electrolyte for Reversible Magnesium Deposition through Cosolvent Assistance (2020)

Rechargeable Mg batteries are one of the most investigated polyvalent-metal storage batteries owing to the increased safety associated with the nondendritic nature of Mg electrodeposition, high volumetric capacity, and low cost. To realize the commercial applications of Mg batteries, there are still a number of challenges remaining unsolved, in particular, the lack of halogen-free Mg electrolytes, as the use of the halogens remains a major limiting factor to achieving high voltage cathodes. Work presented here introduces an innovative approach to prepare a halogen-free Mg-based electrolyte in a simple, nonsynthetic method that can plate and strip Mg reversibly. Results suggest that by introducing a secondary amine cosolvent the magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>) salt can be easily dissolved into a wide array of polar but aprotic ether solvents. A systematic structural investigation of a representative Mg(TFSI)<sub>2</sub> electrolyte in the cosolvent systems with the secondary amine was performed using pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, single crystal diffraction analysis, and NMR. The experimental atomic scale understanding reveals an ion pair structure of Mg<sup>2+</sup> coordinated with six oxygen donors from the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anions and the THF solvent located in the first solvation shell. The as-formed neutral ion pair structure acts as the active component for reversible Mg deposition. We believe this new route of preparing Mg electrolytes can extend the current understanding of Mg electrolyte functionality for rechargeable Mg batteries and offers more guidance for the future electrolyte design.
Quantitative measurement of the resolution and sensitivity of confocal microscopes using line-scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2005)

Spatial resolution and the sensitivity to detect a fluorophore are the two most important optical parameters that characterize a confocal microscope. However, these are rather difficult to estimate quantitatively. We show that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provides an easy and reliable measure of these quantities. We modify existing schemes for performing FCS on a commercial confocal microscope to carry out these measurements, and provide an analysis routine that can yield the relevant quantities. Our method does not require any modification of the confocal microscope, yet it yields a robust measure of the resolution and sensitivity of the instrument.
Compact jam-resistant capillary dispenser for automation systems (1998)

A compact capillary dispenser has been designed that reliably stores fragile glass capillaries [fn1]in a known orientation and positively inserts one on demand into a robotic gripper head. A unique feature of the design keeps the capillaries from jamming. A successful prototype was built that stores 3800, 5 μL glass capillaries (55 mm length, 838 μm outside diameter) in an 8 cm cube, excluding the space required for two small pneumatic cylinders. The fundamental design of this dispenser can be scaled to dispense virtually any size round cylindrical objects. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 10: 15–17, 1998
Texture Hallucination for Large-Factor Painting Super-Resolution (2019)

We aim to super-resolve digital paintings, synthesizing realistic details from high-resolution reference painting materials for very large scaling factors (e.g., 8X, 16X). However, previous single image super-resolution (SISR) methods would either lose textural details or introduce unpleasing artifacts. On the other hand, reference-based SR (Ref-SR) methods can transfer textures to some extent, but is still impractical to handle very large factors and keep fidelity with original input. To solve these problems, we propose an efficient high-resolution hallucination network for very large scaling factors with an efficient network structure and feature transferring. To transfer more detailed textures, we design a wavelet texture loss, which helps to enhance more high-frequency components. At the same time, to reduce the smoothing effect brought by the image reconstruction loss, we further relax the reconstruction constraint with a degradation loss which ensures the consistency between downscaled super-resolution results and low-resolution inputs. We also collected a high-resolution (e.g., 4K resolution) painting dataset PaintHD by considering both physical size and image resolution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with extensive experiments on PaintHD by comparing with SISR and Ref-SR state-of-the-art methods.
A Bilateral Decision Support Platform for Public Charging of Connected Electric Vehicles (2018)

As electric vehicles (EVs) proliferate and dominate the roads, public charging will be required extensively. Wide range coverage of energy information is required on fingertips for taking decisions at different levels and for all stakeholders. For this reason, a need arises for a correlated and all-inclusive framework that trades the unilateral discriminatory benefits with the combined benefit of all. At the heart of such frameworks lies communication technologies to support and manage energy transfer between vehicles and the power grid, known as the Internet of EVs. This paper adds two main contributions to the work presented in the literature on the subject matter. First, the communication requirements, standards, and protocols for applications involving this mobile prosumer management in the pre-connection stage to the electric grid are outlined. Second, and based on the aforementioned assessment, this paper proposes a decentralized hierarchical multiagent system that serves as a framework for real-time bilateral decision support for EVs and the power system. The effectiveness of the proposed framework and the credibility of using the communication middleware and means are experimentally verified on a group of connected vehicles communicating with a higher end server. Also, the seamless integration between the on-board and the higher end decision support systems is demonstrated in case studies.
Process For The Preparation Of 3,4-Dihyd Roxybutanoic Acid And Salts Thereof (1994)

A process for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (1) and salts thereof from a glucose source containing 1,4-1inked glucose as a substituent is described. The process uses an alkali metal hdyroxide and hydrogen peroxide to convert the glucose source to (1). The compound (1) is useful as a chemical intermediate to naturally occurring fatty acids and is used to prepare 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid-gamma-lactone (2) and furanone (3), particularly stereoisomers of these compounds.
BiDi screen (2009)

An LCD screen is transformed into a BiDi (bidirectional) screen to support 2D multi-touch and walk-up 3D gesture interaction. An image sensor placed a small distance behind an LCD forms a mask-based light-field camera, allowing passive depth estimation. The BiDi screen also supports novel mixed-reality rendering with external light-emitting widgets that light a virtual scene.
Robust symmetrical number system preprocessing for minimizing encoding errors in photonic analog-to-digital converters (2011)

A photonic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) preprocessing architecture based on the robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is presented. The RSNS preprocessing architecture is a modular scheme in which a modulus number of comparators are used at the output of each Mach-Zehnder modulator channel. The number of comparators with a logic 1 in each channel represents the integer values within each RSNS modulus sequence. When considered together, the integers within each sequence change one at a time at the next code position, resulting in an integer Gray code property. The RSNS ADC has the feature that the maximum nonlinearity is less than a least significant bit (LSB). Although the observed dynamic range (greatest length of combined sequences that contain no ambiguities) of the RSNS ADC is less than the optimum symmetrical number system ADC, the integer Gray code properties make it attractive for error control. A prototype is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and to show the important RSNS property that the largest nonlinearity is always less than a LSB. Also discussed are practical considerations related to multi-gigahertz implementations.
Novel 1,3-Dipropyl-8-(3-benzimidazol-2-yl-methoxy-1-methylpyrazol-5-yl)xanthines as Potent and Selective A<sub>2B</sub>Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2011)

Molecular modeling studies, including the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) method, on 52 antagonists of the A(2B) adenosine receptor with known biological activity were performed to identify the three-dimensional features responsible for A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonist activity. On the basis of these and previous results on the potent antagonist effect of 8-pyrazolyl-xanthines at human A(2B)AR, a new series of compounds was synthesized and evaluated in binding studies against the human A(1), A(2A), A(3), and A(2B)ARs. A remarkable improvement in selectivity with respect to the previous series, maintaining the potency at human A(2B) receptor, was achieved, as exemplified by the 8-[3-(4-chloro-6-trifluoromethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl-methoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,3-dipropyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione derivative 66: K(i) A(2B) = 9.4 nM, IC(50) hA(2B) = 26 nM hA(1)/hA(2B) = 269, hA(2A)/hA(2B) > 106, hA(3)/hA(2B) >106. This study also led to the identification of a series of pyrazole-xanthine compounds with a simplified structure, exemplified by 8-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-xanthine 80 displaying very high affinity at A(2B)AR with good selectivity over AR subtypes (K(i) = 4.0 nM, IC(50) hA(2B) = 20 nM hA(1)/hA(2B) = 183, hA(2A),hA(3)/hA(2B) > 250).
Piezoelectric wind turbine (2013)

In past few years, there has been significant focus towards developing small scale renewable energy based power sources for powering wireless sensor nodes in remote locations such as highways and bridges to conduct continuous health monitoring. These prior efforts have led to the development of micro-scale solar modules, hydrogen fuel cells and various vibration based energy harvesters. However, the cost effectiveness, reliability, and practicality of these solutions remain a concern. Harvesting the wind energy using micro-to-small scale wind turbines can be an excellent solution in variety of outdoor scenarios provided they can operate at few miles per hour of wind speed. The conventional electromagnetic generator used in the wind mills always has some cogging torque which restricts their operation above certain cut-in wind speed. This study aims to develop a novel piezoelectric wind turbine that utilizes bimorph actuators for electro-mechanical energy conversion. This device utilizes a Savonius rotor that is connected to a disk having magnets at the periphery. The piezoelectric actuators arranged circumferentially around the disk also have magnets at the tip which interacts with the magnetic field of the rotating disk and produces cyclical deflection. The wind tunnel experiments were conducted between 2-12 mph of wind speeds to characterize and optimize the power output of the wind turbine. Further, testing was conducted in the open environment to quantify the response to random wind gusts. An attempt was made towards integration of the piezoelectric wind turbine with the wireless sensor node.
Olefin Metathesis: From Academic Concepts to Commercial Catalysts (2013)

Generally metathesis catalysts are based on tungsten, molybdenum, and ruthenium, with the last being considered as generally less active, but more stable toward air and moisture than early transition-metal complexes. This chapter gives an overview of commercially available Ru-based defined olefin metathesis precatalysts. The utilization of water as a medium for organic reactions is accompanied by various advantages over the use of common organic solvents. Water is a widely available, cost-efficient, nontoxic, nonflammable liquid owning a high heat capacity and therefore predestined for the application as a solvent. The olefin metathesis is a sufficiently mature technology to be used in large-scale processes.
Growth Inhibition of Cervical Tumor Cells by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Directed to the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Gene (1999)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is the HPV type most frequently associated with cervical carcinomas. Based on our previous research with anti-HPV ribozymes, we developed a 16-nucleotide antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AntiE6) able to direct RNase H activity on full-length HPV-16 E6/E7 mRNA. Although the precise mechanism is not completely understood, addition of 50 microM AntiE6 oligodeoxynucleotide in sterile water caused a significant decrease in the growth rate of CaSki and QGU cervical tumor cell lines. In contrast, addition of a mismatched mutant oligodeoxynucleotide (M7) did not affect cell growth after 72 hours. Treatment with AntiE6 resulted in down-regulation of E6/E7 mRNA and an increase in p53 levels in QGU cells. AntiE6 was also able to (>70%) inhibit significantly growth of transplanted cervical tumors in nude mice after 2 weeks treatment using constant delivery by osmotic pumps. These results indicate that the AntiE6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can act as a therapeutic agent against cervical carcinomas.
Improved merging of datapath operators using information content and required precision analysis (2001)

We introduce the notions of required precision and information content of datapath signals and use them to define functionally safe transformations on data flow graphs. These transformations reduce widths of datapath operators and enhance their mergeability. Using efficient algorithms to compute required precision and information content of signals, we define a new algorithm for partitioning a data flow graph consisting of datapath operators into mergeable clusters. Experimental results indicate that use of our clustering algorithm for operator merging based synthesis of datapath intensive designs, can lead to significant improvement in the delay and area of the implementation.
An Improved Process for the Preparation of Highly Pure Solifenacin Succinate via Resolution through Diastereomeric Crystallisation (2014)

An improved process for the preparation of solifenacin succinate (1) involving resolution through diastereomeric crystallization is described. (1S)-IQL derivative (5) is esterified to form (1S)-ethoxycarbonyl IQL derivative (6) which is condensed with (RS)-3-quinuclidinol (7) to form a solifenacin diastereomeric mixture (8); this is subjected to resolution through diastereomeric crystallization to produce solifenacin succinate (1), which is used for the treatment of an overactive bladder.
Microfabricated mounts for high-throughput macromolecular cryocrystallography (2003)

A new approach is described for mounting microcrystals of biological macromolecules for cryocrystallography. The sample mounts are prepared by patterning thin polyimide films by standard microfabrication techniques. The patterned structures contain a small hole for the crystal connected to a larger hole via a drainage channel, allowing removal of excess liquid and easier manipulation in viscous solutions. These polyimide structures are wrapped around small metal rods. The resulting curvature increases their rigidity and allows a convenient scoop-like action in retrieving crystals. The polyimide contributes minimally to X-ray background and absorption, and can be treated to obtain desired hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. The new mounts are fully compatible with existing automated sample-handling hardware for cryocrystallography. Their potential advantages include completely reproducible sample hole sizes to below 10 µm; accurate and reproducible sample positioning and good sample-to-mount contrast, simplifying alignment; more convenient manipulation of small crystals; easier removal of excess liquid and reduced background scatter; reduced thermal mass and more rapid flash-cooling; and easy design customization and mass production. They are especially well suited to data collection from the smaller crystals produced in high-throughput crystallization trials, and are suitable for automated crystal retrieval. They should be more generally useful for X-ray data collection from small organic and inorganic crystals of all types.
An overview of the PES Pareto Method for decomposing baseline noise sources in hard disk position error signals (1998)

This paper gives an overview of the PES Pareto Method, a useful tool for identifying and eliminating key contributors to uncertainty in the Position Error Signal (PES) of a magnetic disk drive servo system. Once identified and ranked according to their overall effect on PES, the top-ranking sources can be worked on first, either by finding ways to reduce their magnitude or by altering system components to reduce sensitivity to the contributors. The PES Pareto Method is based on three ideas: (1) an understanding of how Bode's Integral Theorem applies to servo system noise measurements, (2) a measurement methodology that allows for the isolation of individual noise sources, and (3) a system model that allows these sources to be recombined to simulate the drive's Position Error Signal. The method requires the measurement of frequency response functions and output power spectra for each servo system element. Each input noise spectrum can then be inferred and applied to the closed loop model to determine its effect on PES uncertainty. The PES Pareto Method is illustrated by decomposing PES signals that were obtained from a hard disk drive manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company. In this disk drive, it is discovered that the two most significant contributors to PES baseline noise are the turbulent wind flow generated by the spinning disks ("Windage") and the noise involved in the actual readback of the Position Error Signal ("Position Sensing Noise").
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ISOLATION OF GLANDLESS COTTONSEED PROTEIN USING INDUSTRIAL MEMBRANE SYSTEMS (1980)

ABSTRACT An improved process employing a combination of isoelectric precipitation and ultrafiltration to isolate glandless cottonseed protein was developed. The effectiveness of Ca(OH) 2 , NaOH, and KOH in extracting storage protein (SP) was compared at pH 10, 9.5 and 9.0. KOH and NaOH each solubilized ca 88% of the flour nitrogen at pH 10, 87% at pH 9.5, and 85% at pH 9.0. Ca(OH), proved less effective, solubilizing about one‐fifth as much as the other two hydroxides. Nonstorage protein (NSP) extract was separated by acid precipitation into curd and whey: The lysine‐rich NSP whey was then added to SP extract and the mixture ultrafiltered to obtain a higher yield of SP isolate having a lighter color and increased lysine content.
Cation Complexation and Conductivity in Crown Ether Bearing Polyphosphazenes (1998)

An attempt has been made to understand the mechanism of ionic conductivity in polyphosphazene−salt complexes by the synthesis and study of systems with crown ether side groups and salts with different cations. Amorphous phosphazene polymers, bearing either (12-crown-4)-methoxy, (15-crown-5)-methoxy, or (18-crown-6)-methoxy pendent groups, either as single-substituent polymers or mixed-substituent species in a 1:3 ratio with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy groups, were synthesized and characterized. The polymers in which all the side groups are crown ether units have glass transition temperatures higher than other oligo(ethyleneoxy) polyphosphazenes. They generate relatively low ionic conductivities at ambient temperatures when complexed with lithium triflate or lithium perchlorate. This suggests that the cation carries a significant part of the current in ether-type polymers. The ambient temperature ionic conductivity of the cosubstituent polyphosphazenes, as well as of poly[bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) (3), when complexed with MClO4 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), was measured. The ionic conductivity is reduced when a favorable 1:1 or 2:1 crown ether−cation complex is formed. The thermal behavior of these polymer−salt complexes was also investigated. The polymers exhibit an increased glass transition temperature when a favorable 2:1 crown ether−cation complex is formed. The relationships between the ionic conductivity and the glass transition temperature of the host polymer electrolytes and the stability of the crown ether−cation complexes formed are discussed.
Peptide-priming of cytolytic T cell immunity in vivo using beta 2-microglobulin as an adjuvant (1993)

CTL recognize oligopeptides bound to MHC class I molecules. Immunization of animals with antigenic peptides has often failed to stimulate CTL responses. We confirm that immunizations with several peptides, including natural and optimally active antigenic sequences, do not prime cytotoxic immunity in mice. However, immunization with peptides together with human beta 2-microglobulin primes Ag-specific CTL. Priming is observed when animals receive injections either i.v. with ex vivo peptide/beta 2-microglobulin-pulsed cells or s.c. with an admixture of peptide and beta 2-microglobulin. beta 2-Microglobulin promotes the priming of CTL immunity if it is added with peptide, but not if it is added after cells are exposed to peptide. Synthetic peptides and mixtures of peptides from enzymatically cleaved Ag are immunogenic. When a tryptic digest of OVA or the synthetic peptide (OVA258-276) are used as immunogens, the CTL that respond recognize the endogenously processed epitope presented by an OVA-transfected target cell. The peptide + beta 2-microglobulin-primed CTL are CD4-CD8+ and are class I MHC restricted. Using the immunization protocol with beta 2-microglobulin, we have primed CTL responses with peptides from OVA, Sendai virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. These results may explain previous failures to prime CTL with peptides in vivo and provide a novel approach for developing peptide-based vaccines for viral diseases.
Long-Term Deutetrabenazine Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia Is Associated With Sustained Benefits and Safety: A 3-Year, Open-Label Extension Study (2022)

Long-term deutetrabenazine treatment was associated with sustained improvement in AIMS scores, indicative of clinically meaningful long-term benefit, and was generally well tolerated. Results suggest deutetrabenazine may provide increasing benefit over time without increases in dose.
Modification of pulse wave signals in electrical bioimpedance analyzers for implantable medical devices (2005)

The problems of application of pulse wave signals in electrical bioimpedance analyzers foreseen for using in implantable medical devices as diagnostical means are discussed in this paper. The main problem arises at measurement of phasor parameters by the aid of rectangular pulse wave signals. The specific measurement errors appear due to presence of higher harmonics in the spectra of pulse waveforms. These errors are discussed in two cases, in the case of full cycle rectangular waveform, and in the case of using the shortened pulses introduced specially for reduction of errors.