gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Encoded Moire Contouring (1989)

One of the more prevalent applications of moire is contouring of parts. Some of the techniques available to generate contour data include phase shifting, fringe center mapping and frequency shifting. These techniques rely heavily on both extensive software analysis and rigorous hardware manipulation to produce different moire patterns of the same object. For example, frequency shifted moire requires that the grating frequency be changed in each of three of four successive images of the pattern. Phase shifted moire requires that the grating be changed in phase between successive images. This is done by physically moving the grating or moving it within software. In general, these techniques suffer from a lack of robustness. Taking multiple images with the hardware uses valuable time, during which the part may actually move and thereby distort the data. Any vibrations of the parts during data taking may also present a problem with extended amounts of inspection time. If the image is changed in the software, then the system can be fooled into interpreting reflectivity and illumination variations as moire pattern data. It is difficult to get a fast and accurate contour of a part in a real world environment with the present techniques available. There have, however, been advances in the video and machine vision industry that allow for the use of new tools, such as color. This paper describes work directed toward using color to improve existing contouring techniques. The goal is to develop a means to obtain a one time snapshot of the part under inspection that gives all of the necessary information required to produce a contour. This paper will address issues such as performance of color cameras, fabrication of color gratings, and use of a dichroic, multicamer'd system, contrasted with a multi-grating, multi-color illumination system.
Axial Magnetic-Field Effects in a Collective-Interaction Free-Electron Laser at Millimeter Wavelengths (1982)

The collective free-electron laser interaction has been studied at millimeter wavelengths using a newly designed experimental apparatus which features an electron beam of low emittance. Measurements in a superradiant amplifier configuration indicate the production of 35 MW at \ensuremath{\sim}4 mm with an efficiency of 2.5%. The parametric dependence of power thresholds and wavelength on pump and guide magnetic fields are shown to be in agreement with theory.
3,5,7-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Their Evaluation in Lymphoma Models (2019)

Cyclin-dependent kinases are therapeutic targets frequently deregulated in various cancers. By convenient alkylation of the 5-sulfanyl group, we synthesized 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2) H-pyrazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidines with various substitutions at position 5 with potent antiproliferative activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. The most potent derivative 4.35 also displayed activities across more than 60 cancer cell lines. The kinase profiling confirmed high selectivity of 4.35 toward cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2, 5, and 9, and the cocrystal with CDK2/cyclin A2 revealed its binding in the active site. Cultured lymphoma cell lines treated with 4.35 showed dephosphorylation of CDK substrates, cleavage of PARP-1, downregulation of XIAP and MCL-1, and activation of caspases, which collectively confirmed ongoing apoptosis. Moreover, 4.35 demonstrated significant activity in various cell line xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models in vivo both as a monotherapy and as a combination therapy with the BCL2-targeting venetoclax. These findings support further studies of combinatorial treatment based on CDK inhibitors.
Neuronal Intrinsic Mechanisms of Axon Regeneration (2011)

Failure of axon regeneration after central nervous system (CNS) injuries results in permanent functional deficits. Numerous studies in the past suggested that blocking extracellular inhibitory influences alone is insufficient to allow the majority of injured axons to regenerate, pointing to the importance of revisiting the hypothesis that diminished intrinsic regenerative ability critically underlies regeneration failure. Recent studies in different species and using different injury models have started to reveal important cellular and molecular mechanisms within neurons that govern axon regeneration. This review summarizes these observations and discusses possible strategies for stimulating axon regeneration and perhaps functional recovery after CNS injury.
259 Second ring-down time and 4.45 million quality factor in 5.5 kHz fused silica birdbath shell resonator (2017)

The fused silica birdbath (BB) resonator is an axisymmetric 3D shell resonator that could be used in high-performance MEMS gyroscopes. We report a record quality factor (0 for a 5-mm-radius resonator, which is expected to reduce gyroscope bias drift. We present measurement results for two sizes of resonators with long vibratory decay time constants (τ), high Qs, and low damping asymmetry (Δτ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> ) between their n = 2 wine-glass (WG) modes. We find a reduction in damping for larger resonators and a correlation between higher Q and lower as well as evidence of a lower bound on Q for resonators with low damping asymmetry.
You Can’t Think and Hit at the Same Time: Neural Correlates of Baseball Pitch Classification (2012)

Hitting a baseball is often described as the most difficult thing to do in sports. A key aptitude of a good hitter is the ability to determine which pitch is coming. This rapid decision requires the batter to make a judgment in a fraction of a second based largely on the trajectory and spin of the ball. When does this decision occur relative to the ball's trajectory and is it possible to identify neural correlates that represent how the decision evolves over a split second? Using single-trial analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) we address this question within the context of subjects discriminating three types of pitches (fastball, curveball, slider) based on pitch trajectories. We find clear neural signatures of pitch classification and, using signal detection theory, we identify the times of discrimination on a trial-to-trial basis. Based on these neural signatures we estimate neural discrimination distributions as a function of the distance the ball is from the plate. We find all three pitches yield unique distributions, namely the timing of the discriminating neural signatures relative to the position of the ball in its trajectory. For instance, fastballs are discriminated at the earliest points in their trajectory, relative to the two other pitches, which is consistent with the need for some constant time to generate and execute the motor plan for the swing (or inhibition of the swing). We also find incorrect discrimination of a pitch (errors) yields neural sources in Brodmann Area 10, which has been implicated in prospective memory, recall, and task difficulty. In summary, we show that single-trial analysis of EEG yields informative distributions of the relative point in a baseball's trajectory when the batter makes a decision on which pitch is coming.
Novel fiber devices and sensors based on multimode fiber Bragg gratings (1994)

Two categories of multimode fiber Bragg gratings (MMFBG) are possible, independent mode and mode coupling, each leads to novel types of fiber devices and sensors. All-mode, wave optics calculations of the reflectivity of independent mode MMFBG are presented, including the effects of individual mode power changes due to microbending transducer loss upstream from the grating. MMFBG offer added flexibility in grating design and performance characteristics compared to single mode FBG, since the reflectivity response may be tuned by the spatial periodicity, length, core size, numerical aperture, and mode coupling characteristics of the grating. New sensing and diagnostic methods that are possible with these gratings and some methods for sensor addressing and multiplexing are described.
Diffractive-refractive microlens arrays for beam permutation (1992)

The combination of refractive with diffractive elements has already been demonstrated in 1966 [1] and has further been discussed by various authors (see for example [2]). In most cases, diffractive optics has been used to reduce chromatic aberrations of lens systems by making use of the opposite dispersion of diffractive and refractive optical elements. Recent developments in the fabrication of microoptical elements allow one to implement both refractive as well as diffractive microlenses by using lithographic techniques. For optical interconnection applications, the flexibility of lithographically fabricated diffractive optics is of interest for the implementation of beam permutation operations (see for example [3]).
Improving CO<sub>2</sub> permeability in polymerized room‐temperature ionic liquid gas separation membranes through the formation of a solid composite with a room‐temperature ionic liquid (2008)

Abstract Room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) present a number of unique opportunities for the processing and tailoring of polymer materials for applications including ion conduction polymers, catalysis, and gas separations. Perhaps most importantly, RTILs can be synthesized as monomers and polymerized in the presence of non‐polymerizable RTILs to provide solid composites with enhanced properties. These features allow for the formation of poly(RTIL)–RTIL composite gas separation membranes, exhibiting hybrid properties of both RTILs and polymers. Incorporation of just 20 mol% free RTIL in the polymer membrane yields a stable composite material with a CO 2 permeability increase of ∼400% with a 33% improvement to CO 2 /N 2 selectivity relative to the analogous poly(RTIL) membrane lacking any free ion pairs. The composite membrane also showed a significant improvement in CO 2 /CH 4 separation compared to other poly(RTILs) when analyzed via “Robeson Plots.” This new approach to polymer gas separation membranes provides a powerful method to improve the performance of current materials without intensive organic synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemostatic efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a recombinant von Willebrand factor in severe von Willebrand disease (2015)

This phase 3 trial evaluated the safety and hemostatic efficacy of a recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) for treatment of bleeds in severe von Willebrand disease (VWD). rVWF was initially administered together with recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) and subsequently alone, as long as hemostatic factor VIII activity (FVIII : C) levels were maintained. Pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated in a randomized cross-over design (rVWF vs rVWF:rFVIII at 50 IU VWF:ristocetin cofactor activity [RCo]/kg). Bleed control for all treated bleeds (N = 192 bleeds in 22 subjects) was rated good or excellent (96.9% excellent; 119 of 122 minor, 59 of 61 moderate, and 6 of 7 major bleeds) on a 4-point scale (4 = none to 1 = excellent). A single infusion was effective in 81.8% of bleeds. Treatment success, defined as the number of subjects with a mean efficacy rating of <2.5, was 100%. The PK profile of rVWF was not influenced by rFVIII (mean VWF:RCo terminal half-life: 21.9 hours for rVWF and 19.6 hours for rVWF:rFVIII). FVIII : C levels increased rapidly after rVWF alone, with hemostatic levels achieved within 6 hours and sustained through 72 hours after infusion. Eight adverse events (AEs; 6 nonserious AEs in 4 subjects and 2 serious AEs [chest discomfort and increased heart rate, without cardiac symptomatology] concurrently in 1 subject) were associated with rVWF. There were no thrombotic events or severe allergic reactions. No VWF or FVIII inhibitors, anti-VWF binding antibodies, or antibodies against host cell proteins were detected. These results show that rVWF was safe and effective in treating bleeds in VWD patients and stabilizes endogenous FVIII : C, which may eliminate the need for rFVIII after the first infusion. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01410227.
An Efficient Method to Calculate the Aggregated Isotopic Distribution and Exact Center-Masses (2012)

In this article, we present a computation- and memory-efficient method to calculate the probabilities of occurrence and exact center-masses of the aggregated isotopic distribution of a molecule. The method uses fundamental mathematical properties of polynomials given by the Newton-Girard theorem and Viete's formulae. The calculation is based on the atomic composition of the molecule and the natural abundances of the elemental isotopes in normal terrestrial matter. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which we named BRAIN, we compare it with the results obtained from five existing software packages (IsoPro, Mercury, Emass, NeutronCluster, and IsoDalton) for 10 biomolecules. Additionally, we compare the computed mass centers with the results obtained by calculating, and subsequently aggregating, the fine isotopic distribution for two of the exemplary biomolecules. The algorithm will be made available as a Bioconductor package in R, and is also available upon request.
Silicon monolithic microchannel-cooled laser diode array (2000)

A monolithic microchannel-cooled laser diode array is demonstrated that allows multiple diode-bar mounting with negligible thermal cross talk. The heat sink comprises two main components: a wet-etched Si layer that is anodically bonded to a machined glass block. The continuous wave (cw) thermal resistance of the 10 bar diode array is 0.032 °C/W, which matches the performance of discrete microchannel-cooled arrays. Up to 1.5 kW/cm2 is achieved cw at an emission wavelength of ∼808 nm. Collimation of a diode array using a monolithic lens frame produced a 7.5 mrad divergence angle by a single active alignment. This diode array offers high average power/brightness in a simple, rugged, scalable architecture that is suitable for large two-dimensional areas.
Patient-interactive, computer-controlled neurological stimulation system: clinical efficacy in spinal cord stimulator adjustment (1992)

Over the past 20 years, continuing technical advances have rendered spinal cord stimulation an easily implemented low-morbidity technique for the management of chronic intractable pain in properly selected patients. Percutaneous methods for the insertion of arrays of multiple epidural electrodes, which are driven by noninvasively programmable "multichannel" implanted devices, have been among the most important of these technical improvements. The same implanted electronics may be used with peripheral nerve or intracerebral electrodes. If the capabilities of this new hardware are to be used to full advantage, a major investment of time and effort is required to adjust the system postoperatively for optimum effect. Ideally, these adjustments should be based upon psychophysical data, obtained in a manner that minimizes influences such as potential operator bias or stimulus presentation-order effects. These requirements have been met by the development of a computerized system designed for direct patient interaction and for greater ease of operation than the standard external devices used with these implants. The system has been tested clinically in 25 patients with spinal cord stimulation for pain. It rapidly tests the available electrode combinations and stimulus pulse parameters at a rate comparable to or greater than that of a skilled human operator using the standard device. It records detailed graphic data and patient analog ratings at varying thresholds and implements "pain drawing" methods with novel input and analytical techniques. This patient-interactive computerized system has proved to be safe and effective clinically. The time required by the average patient working with this system to adjust the stimulator is comparable to or less than the time required by the same patient working with a physician's assistant. Psychophysical data collected by the system may be correlated with clinical observations. Ongoing development will permit delivery of novel pulse sequences and protocols to assess the mechanisms by which stimulation affords relief from pain.
A Novel Crizotinib-Resistant Solvent-Front Mutation Responsive to Cabozantinib Therapy in a Patient with <i>ROS1</i> -Rearranged Lung Cancer (2015)

These results provide the first example of successful therapeutic intervention with targeted therapy to overcome crizotinib resistance in a ROS1-rearranged cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2351-8. ©2015 AACR.
A novel scan architecture for power-efficient, rapid test [sequential circuits] (2003)

Scan-based testing methodologies remedy the testability problem of sequential circuits; yet they suffer from prolonged test time and excessive test power due to numerous shift operations. The high density of the unspecified bits in test data enables the utilization of the test response data captured in the scan chain for the generation of the subsequent test stimulus, thus reducing both test time and test data volume. The proposed scan-based test scheme accesses only a subset of scan cells for loading the subsequent test stimulus while freezing the remaining scan cells with the response data captured, thus decreasing the scan chain transitions during shift operations. The experimental results confirm the significant reductions in test application time, test data volume and test power achieved by the proposed scan-based testing methodology.
On the expandability of free-space micromachined optical cross connects (2000)

Free-space micromachined optical-switching technology has emerged as a promising candidate for the large-scale optical cross connects that are needed in next-generation optical-transport networks. Although this technology has demonstrated good optical performance, its ability to expand to the required port-count while remaining within reasonable optical loss budgets has yet to be demonstrated. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the expandability of free-space micromachined optical switches. The chief loss mechanisms-Gaussian-beam divergence and angular misalignment-are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. We find that micromirror angular repeatability in such a cross connect must be accurate within about 0.1/spl deg/, and show that integrated mechanical structures are capable of achieving this goal. These results in general suggest that free-space micromachined optical-switching technology appears capable of achieving the port-count required by core-transport networks while remaining within cross-office optical-loss budgets.
PWWFA: The Parallel Wrapped Wave Front Arbiter for Large Switches (2007)

Large, fast switches require novel approaches for scheduling. Arbiters must be able to keep up with the high switching rates given by multi-gigabit-per-second link rates and short cells. In this paper, we propose the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Parallel Wrapped Wave Front Arbiter</i> (PWWFA). We analyze its performance, present simulation results, discuss its implementation, and show bow this scheme can be applied in a large switch with multi-terabit-per-second throughput and hundreds of ports.
Monochromatic, wide tunable terahertz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature (2009)

An automatic phase matching technology, integrated with an angle-tuning mirror and a telescope, was designed for a surface emitted terahertz-wave (THz) parametric oscillator and a THz-wave detection unit using parametric up-conversion in MgO:LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . A monochromatic, wide tunable THz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature was demonstrated. The system offers a dynamic range greater than 25 dB and covers a frequency range of 1.2-2.6 THz.
The Gene Defective in Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Is Expressed in the Developing Epithelium, Neuroectoderm, Thymus, and Bone (1998)

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) is characterized by defects in the development of teeth, hair, and sweat glands. To study the expression of the human gene defective in EDA in human fetal development (Weeks 6-23 of gestational age) and in adult tissues, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used. First signs of expression were detected at Week 8 in epidermis and in neuroectodermal cells. Starting at Week 12, osteoblasts and thymus were positive for EDA mRNA. Hair follicles expressed EDA mRNA from 18 weeks. The presence of the EDA protein coincided with mRNA expression in the tissues examined. The expression pattern of the EDA gene is consistent with typical involvement of the skin in the syndrome. However, the expression is not limited to the ectodermal tissues and many sites of expression are not obviously reflected in the clinical features of the syndrome.
20‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐20 (S)‐protopanaxadiol (compound K) induces expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 gene in transformed human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and increases hyaluronan in hairless mouse skin (2004)

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredient of ginseng, show a variety of biomedical efficacies such as anti‐aging, anti‐oxidation and anti‐inflammatory activities. To understand the effects of 20‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐20 (S)‐protopanaxadiol (compound K), one of the major metabolites of ginsenosides on the skin, we assessed the expression level of approximately 100 transcripts in compound K‐treated HaCaT cells using cDNA microarray analysis. Compound K treatment induced differential expression of 40 genes, which have been reported to be involved in the organization of the structure of the extracellular matrix as well as defense responses in human skin cells. One of the most interesting findings is a two‐fold increase in hyaluronan synthase2 (HAS2) gene expression by compound K. We found that change in expression of HAS2 gene represents a specific response of HaCaT cells to compound K because hyaluronan synthase 1,3 was not changed by treatment with compound K. We also demonstrated that the compound K effectively induced hyaluronan synthesis in human skin cells and hairless mouse skin. A human clinical study indicated that topical application of compound K containing oil‐in‐water emulsion showed improvement of xerosis, wrinkle and fine lines in the aged skin. We concluded that compound K has anti‐aging effects by the induction of HAS2 gene expression and following hyaluronan synthase.
Generation of programmable temporal pulse shape and applications in micromachining (2009)

In this paper we presented a pulse shaping technique on regular solid-state lasers and the application in semiconductor micromachining. With a conventional Q-switched laser, all of the parameters can be adjusted over only limited ranges, especially the pulse width and pulse shape. However, some laser link processes using traditional laser pulses with pulse widths of a few nanoseconds to a few tens of nanoseconds tend to over-crater in thicker overlying passivation layers and thereby cause IC reliability problems. Use of a laser pulse with a special shape and a fast leading edge, such as tailored pulse, is one technique for controlling link processing. The pulse shaping technique is based on light-loop controlled optical modulation to shape conventional Q-switched solid-state lasers. One advantage of the pulse shaping technique is to provide a tailored pulse shape that can be programmed to have more than one amplitude value. Moreover, it has the capability of providing programmable tailored pulse shapes with discrete amplitude and time duration components. In addition, it provides fast rising and fall time of each pulse at fairly high repetition rate at 355nm with good beam quality. The regular-to-shaped efficiency is up to 50%. We conclude with a discussion of current results for laser processing of semiconductor memory link structures using programmable temporal pulse shapes. The processing experiments showed promising results with shaped pulse.