gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate of neural cell adhesion molecules is involved in cell interactions. (1988)

We investigated whether the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope, expressed by two unusual glycolipids and several neural adhesion molecules, including L1, neural cell adhesion molecule, J1, and the myelin-associated glycoprotein, is involved in adhesion. Monoclonal L2 antibodies, the L2/HNK-1-reactive, sulfate-3-glucuronyl residue carrying glycolipids (L2 glycolipid) and a tetrasaccharide derived from the L2 glycolipid (L2 tetrasaccharide) were added to microexplant cultures of early postnatal mouse cerebellum, and cell migration and process extension were monitored. On the substrate poly-D-lysine, Fab fragments of L2 antibodies, L2 glycolipid, and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited outgrowth of astrocytic processes and migration of cell bodies, but only L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide reduced neurite outgrowth. On laminin, L2 antibodies, L2 glycolipid, and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited outgrowth of astrocytic processes. Additionally, L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Several negatively charged glycolipids, lipids, and saccharides were tested for control and found to have no effect on outgrowth patterns, except for sulfatide and heparin, which modified outgrowth patterns in a similar fashion as L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide. On astrocytes none of the tested compounds interfered with explant outgrowth. In short-term adhesion assays L2 glycolipid, sulfatide, and heparin inhibited adhesion of neural cells to laminin. L2 glycolipid and sulfatide interfered with neuron to astrocyte and astrocyte to astrocyte adhesion, but not with neuron-neuron adhesion. The most straightforward interpretation of these observations is that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate and the sulfated carbohydrates, sulfatide and heparin, act as ligands in cell adhesion.
Study on Durian Processing Technology and Defleshing Machine (2015)

In food processing industry, durian flesh contains many nutrients as raw material for the production of cakes, icecream, and flavoring, etc. Recently, the durian pulp units are separated from husk and durian defleshing have also been done byhand-craft devices which has low productivity and is not ensure production and food safety. This paper presents the researchresults of designing and manufacturing the durian defleshing machine and proposed durian flesh processing technology. Themachine separates durian husk automatically and durian defleshing by means of centrifugation. Experimental testing shows thatthe principle of centrifugal horizontal cage for defleshing might be applied and get good result. The productivity of the machineoperates at about 30-40 kg / hour with the percentage of pulp separation can be reached at 90% and the one for defleshing is over95% at the cage rotation is 500 rpm. The machine also passes the requirements of food safety. Keywords—Pulp durian; defleshing machine; food processing, food safety.
Switchable primaries using shiftable layers of color filter arrays (2011)

We present a camera with switchable primaries using shiftable layers of color filter arrays (CFAs). By layering a pair of CMY CFAs in this novel manner we can switch between multiple sets of color primaries (namely RGB, CMY and RGBCY) in the same camera. In contrast to fixed color primaries (e.g. RGB or CMY), which cannot provide optimal image quality for all scene conditions, our camera with switchable primaries provides optimal color fidelity and signal to noise ratio for multiple scene conditions.
What do we currently know from in vivo bone strain measurements in humans? (2011)

Bone strains are the most important factors for osteogenic adaptive responses. During the past decades, scientists have been trying to describe the relationship between bone strain and bone osteogenic responses quantitatively. However, only a few studies have examined bone strains under physiological condition in humans, owing to technical difficulty and ethical restrictions. The present paper reviews previous work on in vivo bone strain measurements in humans, and the various methodologies adopted in these measurements are discussed. Several proposals are made for future work to improve our understanding of the human musculoskeletal system. Literature suggests that strains and strain patterns vary systematically in response to different locomotive activities, foot wear, and even different venues. The principal compressive, tension and engineering shear strain, compressive strain rate and shear strain rate in the tibia during running seem to be higher than those during walking. The high impact exercises, such as zig-zag hopping and basketball rebounding induced greater principal strains and strain rates in the tibia than normal activities. Also, evidence suggests an increase of tibia strain and strain rate after muscle fatigue, which strongly supports the opinion that muscle contractions play a role on the alteration of bone strain patterns.
Biology and augmentation of tendon-bone insertion repair (2010)

Surgical reattachment of tendon and bone such as in rotator cuff repair, patellar-patella tendon repair and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often fails due to the failure of regeneration of the specialized tissue ("enthesis") which connects tendon to bone. Tendon-to-bone healing taking place between inhomogenous tissues is a slow process compared to healing within homogenous tissue, such as tendon to tendon or bone to bone healing. Therefore special attention must be paid to augment tendon to bone insertion (TBI) healing. Apart from surgical fixation, biological and biophysical interventions have been studied aiming at regeneration of TBI healing complex, especially the regeneration of interpositioned fibrocartilage and new bone at the healing junction. This paper described the biology and the factors influencing TBI healing using patella-patellar tendon (PPT) healing and tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in ACL reconstruction as examples. Recent development in the improvement of TBI healing and directions for future studies were also reviewed and discussed.
Transmission limitations of CPFSK coherent lightwave systems due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber (1991)

Transmission limitations imposed by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) are investigated for repeaterless coherent lightwave systems, particularly for continuous phase-shift keying (CPFSK). The effects of SBS on the modulated signals in optical fibers are studied for CPFSK, amplitude shift keying (ASK), and phase shift keying (PSK). A generalized model based on the maximum power spectrum density (PSD) in the modulated signals is proposed for SBS analysis. This model is useful to estimate the Brillouin gain and its threshold to determine the optical power limitation of the fiber for any modulated signal with non-negligible linewidth. It is clarified theoretically that the Brillouin gain with CPFSK approaches that with ASK and PSK at higher bit rates if the modulation index is 1 and 0.65, respectively. The dependency of Brillouin gain on bit rate and linewidth of a laser diode transmitter are evaluated. SBS induced by CPFSK modulated signals was measured to clarify the modulation condition dependences and to verify the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Decorated Porous Graphene Interlayer for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2018)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are seriously restrained by the shuttling effect of intermediary products and their further reduction on the anode surface. Considerable researches have been devoted to overcoming these issues by introducing carbon-based materials as the sulfur host or interlayer in the Li-S systems. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional interlayer on a separator by inserting Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) in a porous graphene (PG) film to immobilize polysulfides effectively. The porous structure of graphene was optimized by controlling the oxidation conditions for facilitating ion transfer. The polar Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were employed to trap sulfur species via strong chemical interaction. By exploiting the PG-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> interlayer with optimal porous structure and component, the Li-S battery delivered a superior cycling performance and rate capability. The reversible discharge capacity could be maintained at 732 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 500 cycles and 356 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after total 2000 cycles at 1 C with a final capacity retention of 49%. Moreover, a capacity of 589 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> could also be maintained even at 2 C rate.
The mitochondrial import gene <i>tomm22</i> is specifically required for hepatocyte survival and provides a liver regeneration model (2010)

Understanding liver development should lead to greater insights into liver diseases and improve therapeutic strategies. In a forward genetic screen for genes regulating liver development in zebrafish, we identified a mutant--oliver--that exhibits liver-specific defects. In oliver mutants, the liver is specified, bile ducts form and hepatocytes differentiate. However, the hepatocytes die shortly after their differentiation, and thus the resulting mutant liver consists mainly of biliary tissue. We identified a mutation in the gene encoding translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 22 (Tomm22) as responsible for this phenotype. Mutations in tomm genes have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but most studies on the effect of defective mitochondrial protein translocation have been carried out in cultured cells or unicellular organisms. Therefore, the tomm22 mutant represents an important vertebrate genetic model to study mitochondrial biology and hepatic mitochondrial diseases. We further found that the temporary knockdown of Tomm22 levels by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides causes a specific hepatocyte degeneration phenotype that is reversible: new hepatocytes repopulate the liver as Tomm22 recovers to wild-type levels. The specificity and reversibility of hepatocyte ablation after temporary knockdown of Tomm22 provides an additional model to study liver regeneration, under conditions where most hepatocytes have died. We used this regeneration model to analyze the signaling commonalities between hepatocyte development and regeneration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 3′‐Azido‐2′,3′‐dideoxypurine Nucleosides as Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Orthodontic treatment in adults]. (1989)

The characteristic problems of an orthodontic treatment of the adult must be well known and analyzed with greatest attention by the specialist. It is, first of all, necessary to try to respect and, if possible, to meet the particular psychological requirements which the adult presents. This will help the relation between the orthodontist and the patient for the whole period of the treatment and will allow the orthodontist to make the most of the necessary collaboration that the patient can give. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the physiological limitations imposed by the age of the patient whose growth has come to an end. Only by means of analysis and application of such therapeutic requirements will it be possible to reach the success of our intervention.
Vaccinia virus protein C16 acts intracellularly to modulate the host response and promote virulence (2008)

The vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve C16 protein has been characterized and its effects on virus replication and virulence have been determined. The C16L gene is present in the inverted terminal repeat and so is one of the few VACV genes that are diploid. The C16 protein is highly conserved between different VACV strains, and also in the orthopoxviruses variola virus, ectromelia virus, horsepox virus and cowpox virus. C16 is a 37.5 kDa protein, which is expressed early during infection and localizes to the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of infected and transfected cells. The loss of the C16L gene had no effect on virus growth kinetics but did reduce plaque size slightly. Furthermore, the virulence of a virus lacking C16L (vDeltaC16) was reduced in a murine intranasal model compared with control viruses and there were reduced virus titres from 4 days post-infection. In the absence of C16, the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage was increased early after infection (day 3) and more CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressed the CD69 activation marker. Conversely, late after infection with vDeltaC16 (day 10) there were fewer T cells remaining, indicating more rapid clearance of infection. Collectively, these data indicate that C16 diminishes the immune response and is an intracellular immunomodulator.
Rapid, cost-efficient fabrication of microfluidic reactors in thermoplastic polymers by combining photolithography and hot embossing (2009)

We report a cost-efficient and easy to implement process for fabricating microfluidic reactors in thermoplastic materials. The method includes (i) the fabrication of an imprint template (master), which consists of a photoresist deposited on a metal plate; (ii) the thermoembossing of the reactor features into polymer sheets; (iii) the activation of the embossed and planar thermoplastic surfaces; and (iv) the low-temperature bonding of these surfaces. The generality of the method is established by fabricating microfluidic reactors with a complex geometry in a range of thermoplastic polymers, including cycloolefin, polycarbonate, and UV-transparent acrylic polymers and by the multiple, high-fidelity use of the master.
Prime-editors (nickases), hRad51–Cas9 nickase fusions and dCas9 have the same problem as conventional CRISPR-Cas9 of plasmid/Cas9 integration after making a double stranded break (2019)

‘Prime-editing’ proposes to replace traditional programmable nucleases (CRISPR-Cas9) using a catalytically impaired Cas9 (dCas9) connected to a engineered reverse transcriptase, and a guide RNA encoding both the target site and the desired change. With just a ‘nick’ on one strand, it is hypothe- sized, the negative, uncontrollable effects arising from double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) - translocations, complex proteins, integrations and p53 activation - will be eliminated. However, sequencing data pro- vided (Accid:PRJNA565979) reveal plasmid integration, indicating that DSBs occur. Also, looking at only 16 off-targets is inadequate to assert that Prime-editing is more precise. Integration of plasmid occurs in all three versions (PE1/2/3). Interestingly, dCas9 which is known to be toxic in E. coli and yeast, is shown to have residual endonuclease activity. This also affects studies that use dCas9, like base- editors and de/methylations systems. Previous work using hRad51–Cas9 nickases also show significant integration in on-targets, as well as off-target integration [1]. Thus, we show that cellular response to nicking involves DSBs, and subsequent plasmid/Cas9 integration. This is an unacceptable outcome for any in vivo application in human therapy.
A prototype of a web-based decision support system for building models and solving optimization and decision making problems (2011)

A prototype of a Web-based software system for optimization and multiple criteria decision making, applicable to business, research and learning purposes is presented. The system facilitates the construction of mathematical models and the solution of some popular real optimization and decision making problems. It has user friendly interface designed for different groups of users. The system software is accessible from anywhere by means of a standard browser and an Internet connection.
A Brief History of the Hydrogen Bond (1994)

Between the beginning of the twentieth century and the late 1930's many descriptions of interactions between hydrogen atoms in molecules and electronegative atoms to which these hydrogens were not covalently bound appeared in the literature. This was part of the general explosion of physical, structural and quantum chemistry that was providing a descriptive and explanatory underpinning for chemical phenomena as a whole. In 1920, Latimer and Rodebush, working on the structure and properties of water with G. N. Lewis at UC Berkeley, proposed: "[A] free pair of electrons on one water molecule might be able to exert sufficient force on a hydrogen held by a pair of electrons on another water molecule to bind the two molecules together.... Such an explanation amounts to saying that the hydrogen nucleus held between 2 octets constitutes a weak 'bond' (1)." This description, based on the Lewis dot formalism, is the first to truly
An analysis on the simultaneous imaging of simultaneous source data (2010)

Simultaneous source acquisition is gaining more and more interest in the seismic industry due to the possibility of increasing acquisition efficiency and reducing cost. The simultaneous source data could be simultaneously imaged without going through the pre‐separation step. One challenge for this simultaneous imaging approach is the undesired crosstalk artifacts. Understanding the origin and nature of this type of noise is important for practical reasons. We start from the modeling and migration equations for conventionally acquired data, and by introducing the concept of “effective” source we extend these equations naturally to simultaneous source data. The crosstalk term presented in the migration equation is analyzed. Assuming the source time delay is a uniform random variable within a certain range, we show that the product of the angular frequency and the range of source time delay plays an important role in “modulating” the crosstalk noise. This might help us to gain some insights on the simultaneous‐imaging related methods. As a numerical experiment we applied the simultaneous imaging approach to a 2D synthetic simultaneous source dataset. The migration image is close to the conventional migration image.
Induction of Anergy in Th1 Cells Associated with Increased Levels of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 1 (2001)

Th1 cells exposed to Ag and the G(1) blocker n-butyrate in primary cultures lose their ability to proliferate in Ag-stimulated secondary cultures. The ability of n-butyrate to induce anergy in Ag-stimulated, but not resting, Th1 cells was shown here to be blocked by cycloheximide. Subsequent experiments to delineate the nature of the protein apparently required for n-butyrate-induced Th1 cell anergy focused on the role of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). Normally, entry into S phase by Th1 cells occurs around 24 h after Ag stimulation and corresponds with relatively low levels of both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). However, unlike control Th1 cells, anergic Th1 cells contained high levels of both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) when examined 24 h after Ag stimulation. The increase in p21(Cip1) observed in Ag-stimulated anergic Th1 cells appeared to be initiated in primary cultures. In contrast, the increase in p27(Kip1) observed in these anergic Th1 cells appears to represent a re-expression of the protein much earlier than control cells following Ag stimulation in secondary cultures. The anergic Th1 cells contained functionally active cdk inhibitors capable of inhibiting the activity of both endogenous and exogenous cdks. Consequently, it appears that n-butyrate-induced anergy in Th1 cells correlated with the up-regulation of p21(Cip1) and perhaps the downstream failure to maintain low levels of p27(Kip1). Increased levels of both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) at the end of G(1) could prevent cdk-mediated entry into S phase, and thus help maintain the proliferative unresponsiveness found in the anergic Th1 cells.
Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Paclitaxel Purification from Plant Cell Cultures (2001)

Paclitaxel can be produced in high yield and with a high degree of purity from plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis. The complete purification method was systematically established and described. This method was an efficient procedure for the purification of paclitaxel from crude paclitaxel, consisting of reverse-phase chromatography, followed by a normal-phase chromatography. The two-stage HPLC purification scheme serves as an effective and economical approach for resolving paclitaxel from complex mixtures of taxoids, with high purity (>99%) and low impurities (<0.1%). The process is readily scalable to a pilot plant and eventually to a production environment where multikilogram quantities of material are expected to be produced. The process has been optimized to minimize solvent usage, complexity, and operating costs.
An open-loop class-D audio amplifier with increased low-distortion output power and PVT-insensitive EMI reduction (2014)

An open-loop class-D audio amplifier with the proposed adaptive-coefficient delta-sigma modulator (ACDSM) and low-EMI control method is implemented in a 0.18μm BCD process. Compared with conventional DSMs, the ACDSM simultaneously achieves a wide stable input range and high in-band noise suppression, resulting in a 20% increase of low-distortion output power for open-loop class-D amplifiers without boosting the supply voltage or degrading the THD+N at small output power. Moreover, the proposed low-EMI control method realized by a simple finite state machine eases the PVT-sensitive issues of common-mode EMI reduction.
Clock skew optimization considering complicated power modes (2010)

To conserve energy, a design which utilizes different power modes has been widely adopted. However, when a design has many different power modes, clock tree optimization (CTO) becomes very difficult. In this paper, we propose a two-level power-mode-aware CTO methodology. Among all different power modes, the chip-level CTO globally reduces clock skew among modules, whereas the module-level CTO reduces clock skew within a single module. Our experimental results show that the power-mode-aware CTO can achieve significant improvement in the worst-case condition with only a minor penalty in area.
System Development and Technology Aspects of the IBM 3081 Processor Complex (1982)

The IBM 3081 Processor Complex consists of a 3081 Processor Unit and supporting units for processor control, power, and cooling. The Processor Unit, completely implemented in LSI technology, has a dyadic organization of two central processors, each with a 26-ns machine cycle time, and executes System/370 instructions at approximately twice the rate of the IBM 3033. This paper presents an overview of the advances in technology and in the design process, as well as enhancements in the system design that were associated with the development of the IBM 3081. Application of LSI technology to the design of the 3081 Processor Unit, which contains almost 800,000 logic circuits, required extensions to silicon device packaging, interconnection, and cooling technologies. A key achievement in the 3081 is the incorporation of the thermal conduction module (TCM), which contains as many as 45,000 logic circuits, provides a cooling capacity of up to 300 W, and allows the elimination of one complete level of packaging—the card level. Reliability and serviceability objectives required new approaches to error detection and fault isolation. Innovations in system packaging and organization, and extensive design verification by software and hardware models, led to the realization of the increased performance characteristics of the system.