gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit implications of MIMO technology for advanced wireless local area networks (2005)

This paper first gives a brief introduction to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Various architectures of MIMO systems and corresponding features are discussed, including those proposed for the IEEE 802.11n standards committee. The constraints on RF circuits in a MIMO system are then addressed, as well as the impact of analog impairments on the performance of MIMO systems. Finally, the paper discusses calibration procedures in MIMO systems.
A Novel Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network for Question Answering over Paragraphs (2015)

The question of classical Factoid Question Answering (FQA) task is always in the form of a single sentence. There also exists another kind of FQA task, whose question is a descriptive paragraph, such as quiz bowl question answering. Recently, some works try to automatically answer paragraph questions by applying machine learning methods. However, these methods neglect the correlation information between sentences in a paragraph and do not take full advantage of answer embedding information. In this paper, we propose a novel Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network, called HCNN-E, to settle the task by considering ordinal information of sentences in paragraph and the information of answer embeddings. The experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method, and the proposed method can achieve approximately 10% - 20% improvements, when comparing with the baselines.
[P1–051]: RESULTS FROM A 3‐MONTH STUDY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AGED 60 YEARS WITH THE BACE INHIBITOR CNP520 (2017)

The BACE inhibitor CNP520 is under clinical development as a potential disease-modifying treatment in asymptomatic subjects at risk for Alzheimer's disease. A 3-month dose-ranging safety and tolerability study in healthy subjects ≥60 years of age has been conducted. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and CSF Aβ reduction were investigated. This Phase IIa study was a randomized, double-blind, five arm-parallel-group, placebo controlled study to evaluate four doses of CNP520 (2 mg, 10 mg, 35 mg or 85 mg q.d.) compared to placebo over a 3-month exposure duration in healthy subjects ≥60 years of age. Safety and tolerability were assessed based on adverse event (AE), laboratory, vital sign, ECG, cognitive tests, ophthalmological and dermatological evaluations. CNP520 and Aβ concentrations were quantified in plasma and CSF. CNP520 was safe and well tolerated at all doses tested. There was no major imbalance of AEs between CNP520 and placebo except for skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders that occurred at higher incidence on CNP520 than on placebo (18.0% versus 4.2%), with no evidence of dose dependency. The imbalance was mainly due to events of pruritus that were mostly mild and transient, except for a single longer-lasting event of moderate severity. CSF Aβ concentrations were reduced in a dose-dependent manner up to 91% compared to baseline after 3-month exposure and stable over time. The pharmacokinetics of CNP520 was characterized by dose-proportional increase in plasma exposure. T1/2 was approximately 150 h, supporting daily dose administration. Safety, tolerability, PK and pharmacodynamic data obtained in this 3-months study in healthy subjects ≥60 years of age support further development of CNP520 in cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Advances in translocation domain (2004)

Proteins or peptides containing translocation domain can efficiently improve the delivery of therapeutic molecules into cells when using nonviral vectors to deliver genes. These translocation domains exist in bacterial toxin, viral proteins, transcriptional factors, homodomain and synthetic peptides.
Biocompatibility of a porous alumina ceramic scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass (2013)

This study aimed to evaluate the osteointegration and genotoxic potential of a bioactive scaffold, composed of alumina and coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass, after their implantation in tibias of rats. For this purpose, Wistar rats underwent surgery to induce a tibial bone defect, which was filled with the bioactive scaffolds. Histology analysis (descriptive and morphometry) of the bone tissue and the single-cell gel assay (comet) in multiple organs (blood, liver, and kidney) were used to reach this aim after a period of 30, 60, 90, and 180 days of material implantation. The main findings showed that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite and bioglass in the alumina scaffolds produced a suitable environment for bone ingrowth in the tibial defects and did not demonstrate any genotoxicity in the organs evaluated in all experimental periods. These results clearly indicate that the bioactive scaffolds used in this study present osteogenic potential and still exhibit local and systemic biocompatibility. These findings are promising once they convey important information about the behavior of this novel biomaterial in biological system and highlight its possible clinical application.
Impact of a SADP flow on the design and process for N10/N7 metal layers (2015)

This work addresses the difficulties in creating a manufacturable M2 layer based on an SADP process for N10/N7 and proposes a couple of solutions. For the N10 design, we opted for a line staggering approach in which each line-end ends on a contact. We highlight the challenges to obtain a reasonable process window, both in simulation as on based on exposures on wafer. The main challenges come from a very complex keep mask, consisting of complicated 2D structures which are very challenging for 193i litho. Therefore, we propose a solution in which we perform a traditional LELE process on top of a mandrel layer. Towards N7 we show that a line staggering approach starts to break down and design needs to allow better process window for lithography by having metal lines ending in an aligned fashion. has many challenges and we propose to switch to a line cut approach. A more lithography friendly approach is needed for design where the lines end at aligned points so that the process window can be enhanced.
Adaptive dmd process using a fuzzy logic-based controller (2004)

Laser aided direct metal/material deposition (DMD) process is a layered manufacturing process able to produce a 3-D part directly from a CAD image. A closed-loop feedback control system is considered as a requirement to ensure dimensional accuracy. For conventional control methods, the effectiveness of process control strongly relies on accuracy of the analytical model of the system behaviour. However, development of such an analytical model is quite difficult and impractical, since coupled process variables cause the complexity and nonlinearity of DMD process. Fuzzy logic-based control, that no model but only knowledge of the process is required for decision making using this control technique, is attempted to overcome the difficulty. A PID like fuzzy logic-based controller (FLC) was developed for adaptive deposition during DMD process. The controller has the capability of continuously tracking the reference height by varying the laser power adaptively, thus depositing a clad line with varying deposition height and a layer with curved surface. This feature provides a potential of building 3-D parts with nonlinear geometry such as overhang, while maintaining the accuracy of surface curvature. Simulation was performed tuning up fuzzy controller parameters with an experiment-based fuzzy logic model of the DMD process and simulated results were compared with experimental results to verify the performance of the controller.
TSLP directly impairs pulmonary Treg function: association with aberrant tolerogenic immunity in asthmatic airway (2010)

These results provide the first evidences for a direct role of TSLP in the regulation of suppressive activities of Treg. TSLP mediated inhibition of Treg function might present a novel pathologic mechanism to dampen tolerogenic immune responses in inflamed asthmatic airway.
Identification of the Active Gene Coding for the Metastasis-Associated 37LRP/p40 Multifunctional Protein (1996)

A 37LRP/p40 polypeptide is of major interest because it is consistently up-regulated in cancer cells in correlation with their invasive and metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, this polypeptide presents intriguing multifunctional properties because it has been characterized as the precursor of the metastasis-associated 67-kD laminin receptor (67LR) and as a cytoplasmic ribosomal-associated protein. The isolation of the 37LRP/p40 gene is a prerequisite for identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for the constant up-regulation of the 67LR expression in cancer cells. To date, the active 37LRP/p40 gene has never been identified in any species due to the existence of multiple pseudogenes in most vertebrates genomes. In this study, we report for the first time the gene structure and potential regulatory sequences of the 37 LRP/p40 gene. The chicken genome was selected to undergo this characterization because it is the only known vertebrate that bears a single 37 LRP/p40 gene copy. The 37 LRP/p40 active gene is composed of 7 exons and 6 introns and bears features characteristic of a ribosomal protein gene. It does not bear a classical TATA box and it exhibits several transcription initiation sites as demonstrated by RNase protection assay and primer extension. Analysis of potential regulatory regions suggests that gene expression is driven not only by the 5' genomic region but also by the 5' untranslated and intron 1 sequences. On the basis of gene structure and extensive protein evolutionary study, we found that the carboxyterminal domain of the protein is a conserved lock-and-key structure/function domain that could be involved in the biosynthesis of the higher-molecular-weight 67-kD laminin receptor in vertebrates, whereas the central core of the protein would be responsible for the ribosome associated function. The first identification of the active 37LRP/p40 gene presented in this study is a critical step toward the isolation of the corresponding human gene and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of its expression during tumor invasion and metastasis.
Multispectral imaging of paintings (2008)

Identifying the materials of a painting is a crucial step in any conservation process. When the objective is to prepare an intervention plan, it is absolutely necessary to understand the matters the restorer is going to encounter. Also, when the aim is a better understanding of the artwork, and perhaps an authenticity check, it is highly relevant to know which materials were employed, since they may differ depending on the period of execution and on the specific artist as well. To identify materials on a painting's surface in a reliable manner, currently the most popular and trustworthy method is the analysis of microsamples of the paint layer. However, chemical analyses although reliable, have a number of drawbacks. The first is linked to the fact that this is an invasive method. The samples used need to be detached from the painting and will not be put back in place. Moreover, the achieved results are in principle - and often also in practice - valid only for that specific specimen and cannot generally be extended to neighboring areas.
Upstream/Downstream Real Time Surveillance and Optimization Systems: Two Sides of the Same Coin, or Never the Twain Shall Meet (2013)

Abstract Downstream Refineries and Chemical Plants have benefited from real time optimization systems (RTO) for the last 30 years. Downstream RTO is a well established and permanent fixture in many plants – the "way we do things ‘round here!". Upstream E&P operations have "come to this party" much more recently and are using RTO more sparingly, even though the economic and HSSE benefits can be very significant. There are key differences between downstream and upstream. For example, downstream facilities do not deal with sub-surface uncertainties, multiphase flow and isolated/harsh environments; while upstream operations do not usually have to deal with complex chemical processes. Integrated Oil Companies run upstream and downstream operations and integration of tools/practices across both regimes is often perceived to be of significant value. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast downstream and upstream RTO learnings with a view to identifying and describing: similarities in production unit operations e.g. fluid separation, compression etc.; key differences between production unit operations; cultural differences between operations; RTO activities from a technical perspective; RTO business benefits and how these might be leveraged and sustained in both directions. What will emerge from this analysis will be a comparison, highlighting points of commonality and differences, leading to a better understanding of how RTO can be more effectively exploited in the upstream business – the cheapest oil available! Specifically, it is concluded that RTO in upstream operations is feasible and lucrative, but is relatively rare with sustainability a challenge. Downstream RTO is more common and sustainable, significantly less lucrative, but a "must do" to compete in a highly competitive, margin constrained business.
A Question Type Driven Framework to Diversify Visual Question Generation (2018)

Visual question generation aims at asking questions about an image automatically. Existing research works on this topic usually generate a single question for each given image without considering the issue of diversity. In this paper, we propose a question type driven framework to produce multiple questions for a given image with different focuses. In our framework, each question is constructed following the guidance of a sampled question type in a sequence-to-sequence fashion. To diversify the generated questions, a novel conditional variational auto-encoder is introduced to generate multiple questions with a specific question type. Moreover, we design a strategy to conduct the question type distribution learning for each image to select the final questions. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both relevance and diversity.
Dynamic hierarchical self-organizing neural networks (2002)

In this paper, we integrate the concept of self-organizing feature maps and the architecture of dynamic trees to develop dynamic hierarchical self-organizing neural networks. The proposed network is capable of allocating new neurons dynamically during the learning process and then determining its own topology. A fuzzy membership function which measures the similarity of the input data is employed in the weight updating procedure and used as an criterion to allocate new neurons. Unlike the conventional self-organizing neural networks, the training samples are not input in sequence to update the weights. Instead, the weight updating procedure takes into account all the training data at one time. All these provide the proposed networks several advantages including revelation of hierarchical structure in data, dynamic allocation of neurons, short learning time, and short search time. To demonstrate their capabilities, the proposed networks are applied to solve the image segmentation problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward More Transparent and Reproducible Omics Studies Through a Common Metadata Checklist and Data Publications (2014)

Biological processes are fundamentally driven by complex interactions between biomolecules. Integrated high-throughput omics studies enable multifaceted views of cells, organisms, or their communities. With the advent of new post-genomics technologies, omics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent; yet the full impact of these studies can only be realized through data harmonization, sharing, meta-analysis, and integrated research. These essential steps require consistent generation, capture, and distribution of metadata. To ensure transparency, facilitate data harmonization, and maximize reproducibility and usability of life sciences studies, we propose a simple common omics metadata checklist. The proposed checklist is built on the rich ontologies and standards already in use by the life sciences community. The checklist will serve as a common denominator to guide experimental design, capture important parameters, and be used as a standard format for stand-alone data publications. The omics metadata checklist and data publications will create efficient linkages between omics data and knowledge-based life sciences innovation and, importantly, allow for appropriate attribution to data generators and infrastructure science builders in the post-genomics era. We ask that the life sciences community test the proposed omics metadata checklist and data publications and provide feedback for their use and improvement.
Oligomerization of 10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic Acid and Methyl 10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoate Catalyzed by Lipases (2013)

The main monomer of tomato cuticle, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (10,16-DHPA) and its methyl ester derivative (methyl-10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanote; methyl-10,16-DHHD), were used to study their oligomerization reactions catalyzed by five lipases: Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B), Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RM), Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TL), Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL) and porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). For 10,16-DHPA, optimum yields were obtained at 60 °C using toluene and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) as solvent, while for methyl-10,16-DHHD the bests yields were obtained in toluene and acetonitrile. Both reactions leaded to linear polyesters according to the NMR and FT-IR analysis, and there was no data indicating the presence of branched polymers. Using optimized conditions, poly(10,16-DHPA) and poly(methyl-10,16-DHHD) with Mw = 814 and Mn = 1,206 Da, and Mw = 982 and Mn = 860 Da, respectively, were formed according to their MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS data. The self-assembly of the polyesters obtained were analyzed by AFM.
Design and Use of Scorpions Fluorescent Signaling Molecules (2008)

A number of probe systems exist for the real-time detection of PCR products. Scorpions are a unique method wherein primer and probe are combined in a single oligonucleotide. During the PCR, the probe element becomes linked directly to its complementary target site with beneficial consequences. In particular, the unimolecular mechanism of probe/target hybridization ensures rapid, reliable, and robust probing of a chosen amplicon. We discuss the design and use of Scorpions and compare their use with similar systems.
Micromanipulating human gametes (1994)

Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international journal publishing original research , review and comment in the fields of reproduction and developmental biology in humans, domestic animals and wildlife
&#x201C;Make-It-Real&#x201D; precoders for MIMO OFDM/OQAM without inter carrier interference (2013)

Low complexity Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) precoders for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM), such as Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) precoders enable to multiplex data streams in the spatial domain, without breaking OFDM orthogonality in the frequency domain, and therefore achieve a high spectral efficiency. OFDM using Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OFDM/OQAM) is an alternate modulation which is more spectrally efficient than OFDM. Unfortunately, when applied to OFDM/OQAM, traditional low complexity precoders introduce an inter-carrier interference (ICI) which is complex to cancel at the receiver side. This paper proposes a new family of low complexity precoders, called “Make-It-Real” (MIR) precoders. These precoders are designed so that the equivalent channel including precoding and propagation is “made real” and does not break the orthogonality of OFDM/OQAM in the frequency domain. At the receiver side, a simple extraction of the real part of the demodulated signal is necessary. Simulations show that OFDM/OQAM with MIR MMSE precoder outperforms all studied MIMO OFDM solutions, without requiring a complex ICI cancellation at the receiver.
The AMPA Antagonist ZK 200775 in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Double-Blind, Multicentre, Placebo-Controlled Safety and Tolerability Study (2005)

The AMPA antagonist ZK 200775 reversibly worsened the neurological condition in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Our results suggest that ZK 200775 exerts significant sedative effects in patients with acute stroke which preclude its further development as a neuroprotective agent in this indication.
Calibration and Alignment of Tri-Axial Magnetometers for Attitude Determination (2018)

Ellipsoid fitting method is frequently used to calibrate tri-axial magnetometer in navigation systems, but it cannot ensure the alignment between the sensor triad and the coordinate system of the host platform. This paper presents a novel calibration method to overcome this shortcoming. When the sensor triad is rotated around a selected axis, the projection of geomagnetic vector onto this axis should be constant. On the other hand, the angle between geomagnetic vector and gravity vector is also constant. These two phenomena can be described by inner product mathematically. Either of these two constant inner products can be utilized with the constant norm of geomagnetic vector to form the proposed dual inner product method, in order to solve the 12-parameter error model of tri-axial magnetometer. Simulations and experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. It can achieve reference-free calibration and alignment of tri-axial magnetometer, and help to enhance the accuracy of attitude determination based on geomagnetism.
Sparse bayesian step-filtering for high-throughput analysis of molecular machine dynamics (2010)

Abstract Nature has evolved many molecular machines such as kinesin, myosin, and the rotary flagellar motor powered by an ion current from the mitochondria. Direct observation of the step-like motion of these machines with time series from novel experimental assays has recently become possible. These time series are corrupted by molecular and experimental noise that requires removal, but classical signal processing is of limited use for recovering such step-like dynamics. This paper reports simple, novel Bayesian filters that are robust to step-like dynamics in noise, and introduce an L1-regularized, global filter whose sparse solution can be rapidly obtained by standard convex optimization methods. We show these techniques outperforming classical filters on simulated time series in terms of their ability to accurately recover the underlying step dynamics. To show the techniques in action, we extract step-like speed transitions from Rhodobacter sphaeroides flagellar motor time series. Code implementing these algorithms available from http://www.eng.ox.ac.uk/samp/members/max/software/
Keyword Query Expansion on Linked Data Using Linguistic and Semantic Features (2013)

Effective search in structured information based on textual user input is of high importance in thousands of applications. Query expansion methods augment the original query of a user with alternative query elements with similar meaning to increase the chance of retrieving appropriate resources. In this work, we introduce a number of new query expansion features based on semantic and linguistic inferencing over Linked Open Data. We evaluate the effectiveness of each feature individually as well as their combinations employing several machine learning approaches. The evaluation is carried out on a training dataset extracted from the QALD question answering benchmark. Furthermore, we propose an optimized linear combination of linguistic and lightweight semantic features in order to predict the usefulness of each expansion candidate. Our experimental study shows a considerable improvement in precision and recall over baseline approaches.