gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Riluzole, a glutamate modulator, slows cerebral glucose metabolism decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Dysregulation of glutamatergic neural circuits has been implicated in a cycle of toxicity, believed among the neurobiological underpinning of Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we reported preclinical evidence that the glutamate modulator riluzole, which is FDA approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has potential benefits on cognition, structural and molecular markers of ageing and Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate in a pilot clinical trial, using neuroimaging biomarkers, the potential efficacy and safety of riluzole in patients with Alzheimer's disease as compared to placebo. A 6-month phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted at two sites. Participants consisted of males and females, 50 to 95 years of age, with a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease, and Mini-Mental State Examination between 19 and 27. Ninety-four participants were screened, 50 participants who met inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg riluzole (n = 26) or placebo (n = 24) twice a day. Twenty-two riluzole-treated and 20 placebo participants completed the study. Primary end points were baseline to 6 months changes in (i) cerebral glucose metabolism as measured with fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in prespecified regions of interest (hippocampus, posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral temporal, inferior parietal, frontal); and (ii) changes in posterior cingulate levels of the neuronal viability marker N-acetylaspartate as measured with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Secondary outcome measures were neuropsychological testing for correlation with neuroimaging biomarkers and in vivo measures of glutamate in posterior cingulate measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a potential marker of target engagement. Measures of cerebral glucose metabolism, a well-established Alzheimer's disease biomarker and predictor of disease progression, declined significantly less in several prespecified regions of interest with the most robust effect in posterior cingulate, and effects in precuneus, lateral temporal, right hippocampus and frontal cortex in riluzole-treated participants in comparison to the placebo group. No group effect was found in measures of N-acetylaspartate levels. A positive correlation was observed between cognitive measures and regional cerebral glucose metabolism. A group × visit interaction was observed in glutamate levels in posterior cingulate, potentially suggesting engagement of glutamatergic system by riluzole. In vivo glutamate levels positively correlated with cognitive performance. These findings support our main primary hypothesis that cerebral glucose metabolism would be better preserved in the riluzole-treated group than in the placebo group and provide a rationale for more powered, longer duration studies of riluzole as a potential intervention for Alzheimer's disease.
Parallel thinning with two-subiteration algorithms (1989)

Two parallel thinning algorithms are presented and evaluated in this article. The two algorithms use two-subiteration approaches: (1) alternatively deleting north and east and then south and west boundary pixels and (2) alternately applying a thinning operator to one of two subfields. Image connectivities are proven to be preserved and the algorithms' speed and medial curve thinness are compared to other two-subiteration approaches and a fully parallel approach. Both approaches produce very thin medial curves and the second achieves the fastest overall parallel thinning.
Cancer immunology for the clinician. (2015)

Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age. It has become abundantly clear that immunotherapy-which has been described as treating the body's immune system so the immune system can treat the cancer-can be routinely effective, and may indeed cure advanced cancers. Accordingly, it is important to understand the basic, clinically relevant principles of cancer immunology to better prepare for an increasingly exciting future. The host immune system is the only active enemy faced by a malignant cell population as it develops. So it is helpful to think of the battle between the cancer cell population and the developing cancer as a Darwinian crucible in which only the malignant cells most fit to thrive in the face of active immune system attack are able to survive in the reluctant host. All successful cancers thus have overcome the defenses mounted by host immune systems by actively thwarting the evolution of anticancer immunity. A malignant cell population that has "solved" the riddle of the host immune system need not employ all of these mechanisms in order to survive in a particular host. Hence, it may be that the dominant mechanism or mechanisms of immune evasion in fact represent potential Achilles' heels that can be therapeutically attacked to restore immune control of a cancer. To better understand where opportunities exist for immunotherapy, it is important to first consider how developing cancers overcome host immunity: by overwhelming, hiding from, subverting, shielding from, defending against, and outlasting the host immune response. Clearly, more than one of these mechanisms may be present in any particular patient, but it is likely that many cancer types employ dominant immune defense mechanisms. There can be no doubt that mobilizing the immune system to attack a cancer, remember the enemy, and continually target emerging clones represents an extremely promising path to cancer prevention and cure.
FUNGI COLONIZING THE SOWING MATERIAL OF TURFGRASSES CONSIDERING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CULTIVARS TO SELECTED PATHOGENS (2012)

One of the reasons lowering the esthetic appearance of a lawn are diseases caused by fungi. Studies were conducted on the sowing material of fifteen turfgrasses belonging to five species. Samples of seeds of the studied cultivars were from the harvest of 2007 and 2008. 573 fungi isolates belonging to 28 species and non-sporulating forms were obtained as a result of the mycological analysis during the two years of the experiment. In each year of studies, the greatest number of colonies belonging to Alternaria alternata. Within the group of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. solani, F. crookwellense, F. graminearum F. sporotrichioides, B. sorokiniana, D. siccans and Rhizoctonia solani were obtained. Studies on susceptibility of the seedlings of 8 cultivars of 4 grass species to infection by D. avenae No. 2, D. siccans No. 8 and B. sorokiniana No. 69 were conducted in a growth chamber. The statistical analysis of disease indexes for plants that grew in the experimental combination with artificial infection of the subsoil with above-mentioned strains as compared to the control indicated significant differences in all studied cultivars. Strain D. siccans No. 8 proved to be the most pathogenic towards cultivar Info of perennial ryegrass (92.20), and B. sorokiniana No. 69 towards wood bluegrass Pinokio cultivar (97.75). In the experimental combination with D. avenae the mean values of disease index ranged from 12.25 (Pinia) to 84.00 (Info).
MFPPI – Multi FASTA ProtParam Interface (2016)

Physico-chemical properties reflect the functional and structural characteristics of a protein. The comparative study of the physicochemical properties is important to know role of a protein in exploring its molecular evolution. A number of online and offline tools are available for calculating the physico-chemical properties of a single protein sequence. However, a tool is not available for a comparative study with graphical visualization of Multi-FASTA sequences. Hence, we describe the development and utility of MFPPI V.1.0 (a web interface developed in JAVA platform) to input each FASTA sequence from Multi-FASTA file into the ProtParam web server for the calculation of physico-chemical properties. MFPPI V.1.0 calculates different physico-chemical properties for a given set of proteins in a single run and saves the data in the MSExcel sheet. Furthermore, it provides a graphical representation of protein physico-chemical properties for analysis and visualization of data in a user-friendly manner. Therefore, the output from the analysis helps to understand compositional changes and functional relationship in evolution among organisms. We have demonstrated the utility of MFPPI V.1.0 using 17 mtATP6 protein sequences from different mammalian species. It is available for free at http://insilicogenomics.in/mfpcalc/mfppi.html.
Gentamicin‐attenuated <i>Leishmania infantum</i>: cellular immunity production and protection of dogs against experimental canine leishmaniasis (2010)

An attenuated line of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum H-line) has been established by culturing promastigotes in vitro under gentamicin pressure. Here, we show that L. infantum H-line induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-10 compared with those in dogs infected with L. infantum wild type (WT). Anti-Leishmania-specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies were present in the serum of all infected dogs, with levels of IgG2 subclass highest in the sera of dogs inoculated with L. infantum H-line. Relatively high levels of IgG1 were found in the sera of dogs infected with L. infantum WT. Six of seven dogs immunized intradermally (i.d.) with the attenuated line later showed a positive skin test to leishmanin, whereas the dogs infected with L. infantum WT did not. No clinical abnormalities were observed, and no parasites found in the visceral organs of the dogs inoculated intravenously (i.v.) with L. infantum H-line over 24 months post-inoculation. Dogs which had been immunized with L. infantum H-line i.d. 12 months previously were protected against challenge with L. infantum WT. These data suggest that the L. infantum H-line was safe and induced a protection which is correlated with cellular immunity in dogs.
Self-consistent molecular orbital methods. XX. A basis set for correlated wave functions (1980)

A contracted Gaussian basis set (6-311G**) is developed by optimizing exponents and coefficients at the Mo/ller–Plesset (MP) second-order level for the ground states of first-row atoms. This has a triple split in the valence s and p shells together with a single set of uncontracted polarization functions on each atom. The basis is tested by computing structures and energies for some simple molecules at various levels of MP theory and comparing with experiment.
Higher data rates with space-time block codes and puncturing in WCDMA systems (2002)

In this paper, we evaluate the use of a punctured convolutional code with space-time block codes as a way of achieving higher data rates in WCDMA downlink. The use of more than two transmit antennas is also addressed. The achievable data rates through puncturing are evaluated with a complete UTRA FDD downlink model using a conventional RAKE receiver. The results show that with a space-time block code for two transmit antennas combined with two receiving antennas the date rates can be easily more than doubled by puncturing, when compared to single antenna transmission and reception. However, the use of four antenna space-time block codes does not seem to provide much more if any, additional performance gain compared to two antenna space-time block code.
Current Therapy for Hypercholesterolemia (1989)

THE EVIDENCE is now in that lowering cholesterol levels reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). A century of animal data as well as morphological, genetic, and metabolic studies in man point to a strong association between serum cholesterol levels and coronary artery disease. Prospective epidemiologic studies show a graded relationship between serum cholesterol and coronary risk extending to cholesterol levels below 4.14 mmol/L (<160 mg/dL), ie, well into the desirable range for serum cholesterol.<sup>1</sup>Clinical trials performed in man provide the final validation of the cholesterol-atherogenesis connection. In the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, over a 7-year period a 12.5% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels was associated with a 19% decrease in the incidence of myocardial infarction and CHD death.<sup>2,3</sup>In addition, treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the development of angina, a positive exercise test, and the need for
Detecting and Blocking False Sentiment Propagation (2011)

Sentiment detection of a given expression involves interaction with its component constituents through rules such as polarity propagation, reversal or neutralization. Such compositionality-based sentiment detection usually performs better than a vote-based bag-ofwords approach. However, in some contexts, the polarity of the adjectival modifier may not always be correctly determined by such rules, especially when the adjectival modifier characterizes the noun so that its denotation becomes a particular concept or an object in customer reviews. In this paper, we examine adjectival modifiers in customer review sentences whose polarity should either be propagated (SHIFT) or not (UNSHIFT). We refine polarity propagation rules in the literature by considering both syntactic and semantic clues of the modified nouns and the verbs that take such nouns as arguments. The resulting rules are shown to work particularly well in detecting cases of ‘UNSHIFT’ above, improving the performance of overall sentiment detection at the clause level, especially in ‘neutral’ sentences. We also show that even such polarity that is not propagated is still necessary for identifying implicit sentiment of the adjacent clauses.
Different Blood and Sugar Feeding Regimes Affect the Productivity of <I>Anopheles arabiensis</I> Colonies (Diptera: Culicidae) (2013)

The success of the sterile insect technique for the management of mosquito populations depends on the release of large numbers of competitive sterile male insects. Sustainable mosquito production can only be obtained when proper mass-rearing equipment and adequate methods are available, including those to feed blood to the female mosquitoes. The blood feeding apparatus Hemotek consists of a small aluminum plate to which a collagen membrane is fixed and filled with blood kept warm by an electric heating element. A larger aluminum plate was developed to feed a larger number of female mosquitoes with blood that is kept at a constant temperature. The effect of different blood feeding regimes (feeding frequency and time the blood is kept in the Hemotek) and sugar deprivation before blood feeding on egg production of female Anopheles arabiensis Patton was tested. Egg production was higher when blood was offered to the mosquitoes every day as compared with every 2 or 4 d. Sugar deprivation for 7 h before blood feeding enhanced egg production by 50% compared with female mosquitoes that had continuous access to sugar. Neither male nor female survival was impaired. Finally, we showed that the same blood could be kept warm and used over several hours to feed mosquitoes in multiple cages without any impact on egg production or hatch rate. Being able to use the same blood over extended periods would save considerable time, handling, and funds.
Adenosylcobalamin and cob(II)alamin as prosthetic groups of 2‐methyleneglutarate mutase from <i>Clostridium barkeri</i> (1992)

The ultraviolet/visible spectrum of the pure pink-orange 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri between 300-600 nm showed the presence of cobalamins; notably the peaks at 470 and 528 nm were indicative of oxygen-stable cob(II)alamin and adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12), respectively. Using the absorption coefficients of the isosbestic points at 340, 393 and 489 nm, the total cobalamin content was estimated as 3.7 +/- 0.3 mol/mol tetrameric enzyme (m = 300 kDa). Denaturation with 8 M urea in the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol followed by gel chromatography and renaturation afforded an inactive enzyme which contained 40-50% of the initially bound cobalamin. This preparation could be reactivated to 95-100% by addition of adenosylcobalamin. The cobalamins were removed to 85% from the mutase by denaturation with 8 M urea in the presence of 1 M cyanide (pH 12) with irreversible loss of activity. 2-Methyleneglutarate mutase was inactivated by incubation with aquo-, cyano- or methylcobalamin; up to 50% of the activity was recovered by addition of adenosylcobalamin. Upon incubation of the mutase with [5'-3H]adenosylcobalamin about 30% of the total cobalamin was exchanged by the tritium-labelled cofactor without loss of activity. During aerobic catalysis the enzyme became sensitive towards oxygen which was accompanied by loss of activity and formation of aquocobalamin from adenosylcobalamin. EPR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of 0.8 mol base-on cob(II)alamin/mol enzyme. Upon addition of 2-methyleneglutarate a second EPR signal of about equal intensity at g = 2.13 arose. The question of whether the oxygen-stable cob(II)alamin participates in catalysis or its complex with the enzyme represents an inactive form is currently under investigation.
Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches (2016)

The tortuosity of a structure plays a vital role in the transport of mass and charge in electrochemical devices. Concentration polarisation losses at high current densities are caused by mass transport limitations and are thus a function of microstructural characteristics. As tortuosity is notoriously difficult to ascertain, a wide and diverse range of methods have been developed to extract the tortuosity of a structure. These methods differ significantly in terms of calculation approach and data preparation techniques. Here, a review of tortuosity calculation procedures applied in the field of electrochemical devices is presented to better understand the resulting values presented in the literature. Visible differences between calculation methods are observed, especially when using porosity–tortuosity relationships and when comparing geometric and flux-based tortuosity calculation approaches.
Trajectory Annotation by Discovering Driving Patterns (2017)

The ubiquity and variety of available sensors has enabled the collection of voluminous datasets of car trajectories that enable analysts to make sense of driving patterns and behaviors. One approach to obtain driving behaviors is to break a trajectory into its underlying patterns and then analyze these patterns (aka segmentation). To validate and improve automated trajectory segmentation algorithms, there is a crucial need for a ground-truth against which to compare the results of the algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, no such publicly available ground-truth of car trajectory annotations exists. In this paper, we introduce a trajectory annotation framework and use it to annotate a real-world dataset of personal car trajectories. Our annotation methodology consists of a crowd-sourcing step followed by a precise process of expert aggregation. Our annotation identifies segment borders, and then labels the segment with its type (e.g. speed-up, turn, merge, etc.). The output of our project is a dataset of annotated car trajectories (DACT), and is publicly available for use by the spatiotemporal research community at https://goo.gl/XgsxyJ.
Raman Microscopy: Developments and Applications (1996)

This book describes Raman microscopy and its applications to the analysis of materials. It contains ten chapters contributed by eighteen authors. The editors and authors are all eminent Raman microscopists and many of them have a link with the Raman group at Lille which led the field in the infancy of this technique. There are contributions from Professors Delhaye and Dhamelincourt, who were responsible (along with Dr Etz in the USA) for the discovery and public scientific awareness of the potential of the subject over 20 years ago. At that time, the marriage of one of the oldest pieces of scientific apparatus, the microscope, to one of the newest, the visible laser, was completely novel in concept.
Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention in East Asian Patients From the ROCKET AF Trial (2014)

Observed relative efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin were similar among patients within and outside East Asia. Rivaroxaban, 20 mg once daily, is an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in East Asians with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Standard profile for use of IEEE std 1588-2008 precision time protocol (PTP) in power system applications (2013)

This paper provides a summary of the IEEE C37.238-2011 standard, which specifies a subset of PTP parameters and options to provide global time availability, device interoperability, and failure management. This set of PTP parameters and options allows IEEE 1588-based time synchronization to be used in mission critical power system protection, control, automation, and data communication applications utilizing Ethernet communications architecture.
Overexpression of MMP‐2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A potential indicator for poor prognosis (2005)

The expression of MMP-2 could be used as a potential predictor for poor prognosis in patients with LSCC.
Identifying and Accounting for Task-Dependent Bias in Crowdsourcing (2015)

Models for aggregating contributions by crowd workers have been shown to be challenged by the rise of task-specific biases or errors. Task-dependent errors in assessment may shift the majority opinion of even large numbers of workers to an incorrect answer. We introduce and evaluate probabilistic models that can detect and correct task-dependent bias automatically. First, we show how to build and use probabilistic graphical models for jointly modeling task features, workers' biases, worker contributions and ground truth answers of tasks so that task-dependent bias can be corrected. Second, we show how the approach can perform a type of transfer learning among workers to address the issue of annotation sparsity. We evaluate the models with varying complexity on a large data set collected from a citizen science project and show that the models are effective at correcting the task-dependent worker bias. Finally, we investigate the use of active learning to guide the acquisition of expert assessments to enable automatic detection and correction of worker bias.
Demonstration of Multi-State Memory Device Combining Resistive and Magnetic Switching Behaviors (2018)

Resistively enhanced magnetic tunnel junction (Re-MTJ) nonvolatile memory devices with a heterogeneous structure of an MTJ surrounded by resistive filaments were investigated for the first time for multi-level cell memory applications. By independent control of the MTJ and the conductive filaments, multi-state resistances can be obtained since both resistive and magnetic switching can be accomplished in a single element. Compared with the conventional MTJs, the Re-MTJ devices have more resistance states without increasing the dimension. The advanced logic-in-memory applications can also be enabled by using conductive filaments and MTJs for logic and storage, respectively. A direct proof of concept was demonstrated by the experimental realization of memory encryption function using Re-MTJ devices with transparent feature.
Switchable fiber-optic tap using acoustic transducers deposited upon the fiber surface (1987)

A new electronically switchable fiber-optic tap is demonstrated. The tap consists of an array of acoustic transducers fabricated directly upon the side of a cylindrical single-mode fiber. The transducer array generates an acoustic field that is focused on the fiber core and that satisfies the Bragg condition, allowing light to be deflected out of the fiber by the acousto-optic Bragg interaction. The amount of light tapped is linearly proportional to the rf power driving the transducer array. The bandwidth of the tap is 920 MHz centered at 3.3 GHz, with a maximum tap efficiency of 0.4% per watt of rf input.