gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement by affinity chromatography on antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of immunoreactivity and <i>in vivo</i> targeting of radiolabelled anti‐HMW‐MAA MAb TP61.5 in nude mice bearing human melanoma lesions (1991)

The human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) represents a useful marker for immunoscintigraphy in patients with melanoma. Since injection of a radiolabelled anti-HMW-MAA monoclonal antibody (MAb) visualizes only about 60% of melanoma lesions, approaches are being developed to increase the sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy. One of them aims at improving the immunoreactivity of radiolabelled anti-HMW-MAA MAbs, since this approach may improve the targeting of radiolabelled MAbs to melanoma lesions. We have previously shown that affinity chromatography on insolubilized anti-idiotypic MAbs is a useful method for purifying immunoreactive anti-HMW-MAA MAb TP61.5 from 125I-labelled MAb preparations and that not all the anti-idiotypic MAbs are useful for this purpose. Since the increasing number of available anti-idiotypic MAbs is likely to facilitate the application of this procedure in many antigenic systems, we have now tested criteria to select anti-idiotypic MAbs suitable for the purification procedure. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of the increase in immunoreactivity of 125I-MAb TP61.5 on its in vivo targeting to human melanoma lesions transplanted into nude mice. Among the 3 anti-idiotypic MAbs tested, the most effective in purifying immunoreactive MAb TP61.5 molecules following radiolabelling is MAb TK7-110, with which 125I-MAb TP61.5 displays an immunoreactivity similar to that displayed with melanoma cells. This parameter may represent a useful criterion to identify anti-idiotypic MAbs suitable for the purification procedure, if the present results are confirmed with a large number of anti-idiotypic MAbs in different antigenic systems. We have also shown that an incubation time for up to 4 hr of 125I-MAb TP61.5 with insolubilized MAb TK7-110 is the most effective in increasing immunoreactivity and in recovering immunoreactive MAb applied to the affinity matrix. The increase in the immunoreactive fraction of 125I-MAb TP61.5 significantly increases its specific localization in human melanoma lesions transplanted into nude mice. These results suggest that purification of radiolabelled immunoreactive anti-HMW-MAA MAb TP61.5 by affinity chromatography using anti-idiotypic MAb TK7-110 represents a useful approach to increasing the sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy in patients with melanoma.
Growth of ZnSe Epilayer on Si Using Ge/Ge<sub>x</sub>Si<sub>1-x</sub> Buffer Structure (2004)

The epitaxial growth of ZnSe layers on Si substrates utilizing a Ge/Ge 0.95 Si 0.05 /Ge 0.9 Si 0.1 buffer structure is demonstrated. In this study, we examine the structure, optical characteristics and atomic interdiffusion of the ZnSe epilayer grown on Si. In a sample with a 2° off-cut Si substrate, the outdiffusion of Ge into the ZnSe epilayer is suppressed. The low-temperature PL measurements indicate that the sample with a 2° off-cut Si substrate improves its optical characteristic effectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicate that the use of a 2° off-cut Ge/Ge 0.95 Si 0.05 /Ge 0.9 Si 0.1 /Si substrate markedly improves the crystallinity of and reduced the number of threading dislocations in ZnSe grown on Si.
Distributed inter-cluster interference management for CoMP-based cellular networks (2013)

This paper proposes distributed inter-cluster interference management procedures for 1 Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Time Division Duplexing (TDD) cellular networks, in which a set of base stations (BSs), that form a cluster, cooperate in the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions to communicate with a group of users while causing interference to users in neighbor clusters. In order to reduce the complications associated to the estimation of the interfering channels, we describe new iterative procedures based on channel reciprocity that avoid such estimation by exploiting the received signal in the UL, provided that transmit and receive filters in DL and UL are properly designed. Simulations show that proposed techniques attain significant DL and UL spectral efficiency gains. Furthermore, an analysis of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both ends is included, evidencing the robustness of the proposed procedures. Considerations on convergence are included.
Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor (2003)

Originally isolated from a haematophagous hookworm, recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rNAPc2) is an 85-amino acid protein with potent anticoagulant properties. Unlike conventional anticoagulants that attenuate blood coagulation via inhibition of thrombin or activated factor X (FXa) at the downstream portion of the cascade, rNAPc2 is a potent inhibitor of the activated factor VII/tissue factor complex (FVIIa/TF), the key physiological initiator of blood coagulation. Its mechanism of action requires prerequisite binding to circulating FXa or zymogen factor X (FX) to form a binary complex prior to its interaction and inhibition of membrane-bound FVIIa/TF. The binding of rNAPc2 to FX results in an elimination half-life of longer than 50 h following either subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Recombinant NAPc2, like other inhibitors of FVIIa/TF including tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and active site-blocked FVIIa (ASIS, FFR-rFVIIa or FVIIai), may have a promising role in the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis, as well as potential efficacy in the management of disseminated intravascular coagulopathies because of their potent and selective inhibition of FVIIa/TF.
Validation of partial rpoB gene sequence analysis for the identification of clinically important and emerging Acinetobacter species (2009)

Bacteria belonging to the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in soil and water. Only a few species, including Acinetobacter baumannii, and the unnamed Acinetobacter genomic species (gen. sp.) 3 and 13TU, which together with the soil organism Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are combined in the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex, have been recognized as important nosocomial infectious agents. The ecology, epidemiology and pathology of most species are not yet well established. Lack of practical and accurate methods limits routine identification of clinical isolates and thus hampers precise identification of those of the Acb complex and other Acinetobacter species of possible clinical significance. We previously identified a 350 bp highly variable zone on the rpoB gene which appeared to be a promising target for rapid molecular identification. In the present study, we validated this method for accuracy on a collection of reference strains belonging to A. calcoaceticus (5 strains), Acinetobacter gen. sp. 3 (29 strains), A. gen. sp. 13TU (18 strains), A. baumannii (30 strains) and one strain each of A. radioresistens, A. gen. sp. 15TU, A. gen. sp. 10, A. gen. sp. 11, A. gen. sp. 'between 1 and 3' and A. gen. sp. 14TU=13BJ. This represents the largest analysis to date that compares a large number of well-identified strains of the Acb complex to assess the intra- and interspecies variation within this complex. All were correctly identified with 98.9-100 % intraspecies relatedness based on partial rpoB sequence analysis. We then applied this tool to identify 99 Acinetobacter clinical isolates from four public hospitals in Marseille, France. All isolates could easily be identified to species as they were separated into 13 species sequence types with a sequence variance of 0-2.6% from their respective type strains. Of these 99 isolates, 10 were A. haemolyticus, 52 were A. baumannii, 27 were A. gen. sp. 3, 5 were A. schindleri, 1 was A. lwoffii, and 1 was A. gen. sp. 13TU. Three were provisionally identified as A. gen. sp. 9. This is the first work to identify all specimens of a set of clinical Acinetobacter isolates at species level using rpoB sequence analysis. Our data emphasize the recognition of A. schindleri as an emerging cause of Acinetobacter-related infection and confirm that A. gen. sp. 3 is the second most commonly isolated Acinetobacter species after A. baumannii in patients.
An <i>N</i>-Acetylgalactosamino Dendron-Clearing Agent for High-Therapeutic-Index DOTA-Hapten Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy (2019)

Clearing agents (CAs) can rapidly remove nonlocalized targeting biomolecules from circulation for hepatic catabolism, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index (TI), especially for blood (marrow), of the subsequently administered radioisotope in any multistep pretargeting strategy. Herein we describe the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a fully synthetic glycodendrimer-based CA for DOTA-based pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (DOTA-PRIT). The novel dendron-CA consists of a nonradioactive yttrium-DOTA-Bn molecule attached via a linker to a glycodendron displaying 16 terminal α-thio-<i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine (α-SGalNAc) units (CCA α-16-DOTA-Y<sup>3+</sup>; molecular weight: 9059 Da). Pretargeting [<sup>177</sup>Lu]LuDOTA-Bn with CCA α-16-DOTA-Y<sup>3+</sup> to GPA33-expressing SW1222 human colorectal xenografts was highly effective, leading to absorbed doses of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]LuDOTA-Bn for blood, tumor, liver, spleen, and kidneys of 11.7, 468, 9.97, 5.49, and 13.3 cGy/MBq, respectively. Tumor-to-normal tissues absorbed-dose ratios (i.e., TIs) ranged from 40 (e.g., for blood and kidney) to about 550 for stomach.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Supercritical Fluids to Solid Acid Catalyst Alkylation and Regeneration (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Necessity of Ga prelayers in GaAs/Ge growth using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (1994)

We have investigated the gas-source molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaAs on a (001) Ge surface, off-cut 6° towards the [110]. Initiation of GaAs on Ge with the typical procedure of using a self-terminating As layer invariably produces poor GaAs surface morphology and generates a plethora of antiphase boundaries, despite the large miscut of the (001) surface. However, initiation of GaAs growth with approximately 1 ML (monolayer) of Ga results in single-domain films with excellent surface morphology. We conclude that the Ga monolayer prevents the Ge surface from forming a high step density surface which is established when Ge is exposed to As2.
A Real-Time Smart Display Detection System (2014)

A smart display detection system is proposed that allows users to connect with displays using mobile cameras. The smart displays dynamically update a server with information about the current screen content and the system matches captured images from mobile devices with the screen information. A synchronized timestamped matching strategy is employed to achieve high performance in detecting screens playing motion intensive video and an aggressive feature selection method is used to minimize bandwidth requirements.
Regulation in vivo of the acid-labile subunit of the rat serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex. (1994)

The acid-labile subunit (ALS) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 are glycoproteins that form a complex carrying about 90% of the circulating IGFs. This study investigates the regulation of ALS expression by Northern hybridization, and serum ALS levels by RIA, in the rat. Northern analysis of ALS messenger RNA (mRNA) from adult rat brain, heart, lung, muscle, spleen, testis or ovary, kidney, and liver showed a liver-specific predominant 2-kilobase transcript. The steady state abundance of rat ALS mRNA was greatly reduced in neonatal and weanling liver compared to adult liver, with an age dependence similar to that of rat serum ALS levels. Fasting for 24 or 48 h decreased serum IGF-I and ALS levels, but not hepatic ALS mRNA. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats, untreated or treated with human GH for 5 days, had significantly decreased serum ALS levels and liver ALS mRNA abundance. Insulin treatment normalized serum ALS without fully restoring ALS mRNA. Dexamethasone, an inhibitor of ALS synthesis by hepatocytes, significantly reduced both serum ALS and hepatic ALS mRNA. The discrepancies between hepatic expression and serum ALS levels in fasting and diabetes point to a complex regulatory mechanism in which events at the translational level or later may be as important as regulation of gene expression or mRNA stability.
Interplay between intensity standardization and inhomogeneity correction in MR image processing (2005)

Image intensity standardization is a postprocessing method designed for correcting acquisition-to-acquisition signal intensity variations (nonstandardness) inherent in magnetic resonance (MR) images. Inhomogeneity correction is a process used to suppress the low frequency background nonuniformities (inhomogeneities) of the image domain that exist in MR images. Both these procedures have important implications in MR image analysis. The effects of these postprocessing operations on improvement of image quality in isolation has been well documented. However, the combined effects of these two processes on MR images and how the processes influence each other have not been studied thus far. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of inhomogeneity correction followed by standardization and vice-versa on MR images in order to determine the best sequence to follow for enhancing image quality. We conducted experiments on several clinical and phantom data sets (nearly 4000 three-dimensional MR images were analyzed) corresponding to four different MRI protocols. Different levels of artificial nonstandardness, and different models and levels of artificial background inhomogeneity were used in these experiments. Our results indicate that improved standardization can be achieved by preceding it with inhomogeneity correction. There is no statistically significant difference in image quality obtained between the results of standardization followed by correction and that of correction followed by standardization from the perspective of inhomogeneity correction. The correction operation is found to bias the effect of standardization. We demonstrate this bias both qualitatively and quantitatively by using two different methods of inhomogeneity correction. We also show that this bias in standardization is independent of the specific inhomogeneity correction method used. The effect of this bias due to correction was also seen in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) images, which are naturally endowed with the standardness property. Standardization, on the other hand, does not seem to influence the correction operation. It is also found that longer sequences of repeated correction and standardization operations do not considerably improve image quality. These results were found to hold for the clinical and the phantom data sets, for different MRI protocols, for different levels of artificial nonstandardness, for different models and levels of artificial inhomogeneity, for different correction methods, and for images that were endowed with inherent standardness as well as for those that were standardized by using the intensity standardization method. Overall, we conclude that inhomogeneity correction followed by intensity standardization is the best sequence to follow from the perspective of both image quality and computational efficiency.
New Orally Active Spiro 1,2,4‐Trioxanes with High Antimalarial Potency. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gIV by recombinant baculovirus and analysis of its immunogenic properties (1991)

The gene encoding the gIV glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus 1 has been inserted into the genome of Autographa californica baculovirus in lieu of the coding region of the A. californica baculovirus polyhedrin gene. Recombinant protein was identified by its reactivity with gIV-specific monoclonal antibodies and expressed at high levels (about 85 micrograms per 2.5 x 10(6) cells) in Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) cells. The recombinant glycoprotein had an apparent molecular mass of 63 kDa, indicating that it was incompletely glycosylated. However, it was transported to and expressed on the cell surface of infected SF9 cells. Furthermore, reactivity with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for gIV suggested that most epitopes were functionally unaltered on the recombinant gIV. Immunization of cattle with recombinant gIV in crude, partially purified, or pure form resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibodies to BHV-1, which were reactive with authentic gIV. However, the neutralizing antibody titers were lower than those elicited by an equivalent amount of affinity-purified authentic gIV, which appeared to be mainly due to reduced recognition of one of the neutralizing antigenic domains of gIV, designated domain I. The potential use of this recombinant gIV glycoprotein as a vaccine to bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle is discussed.
Perceptual image coding by standard-constraint codecs (2009)

A perceptual image compression codec exploits the characteristics of the human senses to minimize the perceivable quality loss of digital images under compression. Such a codec has an even higher value if the resulting code-streams are compatible to an existing standard, and are thus decode-able by all-day, existing applications. This work describes strategies how to implement perceptual coding in standardized environments, namely JPEG, JPEG 2000 and JPEG-XR.
Outage Minimization and Fair Rate Allocation in Gaussian Interference Channels (2008)

We consider a memoryless narrowband Gaussian interference channel (GIC) where K single-antenna users communicate with their respective receivers using Gaussian code- books. Each receiver employs a successive group decoder with a specified complexity constraint, to decode its designated user. It is aware of the coding schemes employed by all other users and may choose to decode some or all of them only if it deems that doing so will aid the decoding of its desired user. For a GIC with predetermined rates for all users, we obtain the minimum outage probability decoding strategy at each receiver, which satisfies the imposed complexity constraint and reveals the optimal channel-dependent subset of interferers that must be decoded along with the desired user. We then consider the rate allocation problem over the GIC and design two distributed rate allocation algorithms which yield the symmetric fair rate allocation and the max-min fair rate allocation, respectively.
Convenient Synthesis of 1 → 3 <i>C</i>-Branched Dendrons (2005)

A facile, efficient synthesis of 1 --> 3 C-branched polyamide dendrons is described. Treatment of acryloyl chloride with 1 --> 3 C-branched amines, e.g., di-tert-butyl 4-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-4-aminoheptanedioate, gave the corresponding acrylamides in high yields, which upon reaction with nitromethane generated the homologated nitroalkane-polyesters. Finally, nitroalkane alkylation with 2 equiv of the acrylamides, followed by nitro group reduction, afforded the desired amino-polyesters.
Computer-aided diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in chest radiographs: a wavelet-based snake approach (2002)

A wavelet-based snake model has been developed for distinction between nodules and false positives reported by our computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiographs. In our method, the boundary of a nodule is first approximated by multi-scale edges, which are then used to guide the snake to estimate the true boundary of the nodule. The deformation of the snake is performed by a maximum likelihood (ML) estimate using a gradient descent algorithm based on the fast wavelet transform. The degree of overlap between the fitted snake and the multi-scale edges was used as a measure for distinction between nodules and false positives. A set of regions of interest (ROIs) consisting of 84 nodules and 694 false positives were used for evaluation of our method by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The wavelet snake alone yielded an area under the ROC curve (Az) of 0.75 in discrimination performance. When combined with other 10 morphological features, the performance was increased to Az=0.80, whereas the Az value obtained with these morphological features alone was 0.75.
Gamma-blind transformational nuclear particle sensors (2012)

Purdue University is developing novel, multi-purpose tension metastable fluid nuclear particle detectors (TMFDs) by which multiple types of nuclear particles can be detected with high (90%+) intrinsic efficiency, directional specificity, spectroscopic capability, rapid response, large standoff and significant cost-savings compared with state-of-the-art systems. This paper presents uses of these novel detector systems specifically for neutron detection in the presence of extreme gamma fields. Various experimental results are presented in order to illustrate the unique ability of the TMFDs to discriminate out photon flux in the presence of neutron or alpha sources. Finally, a theoretical analysis is performed building upon experimental data which estimates the ultimate limits for gamma rejection/discrimination ability to be ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">23</sup> γ/cc/s.
Sequential Oxidative and Reductive Bleaching of Stained and Pigmented Wool in a Single Bath (1990)

A new process applicable to bleaching of both stained and pigmented wool combines a conventional bleaching process for pigmentation with a recently reported single- bath oxidative/reductive bleaching process. Conventionally, pigmented fibers in wool are selectively bleached by a three-step process: mordanting with ferrous ions, thorough and specific rinsing, and then bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. The process is de pendent on selective retention of ferrous species on melanin pigmentation, but some nonselective retention of ferrous ions on wool following rinsing leads, upon subsequent treatment with hydrogen peroxide, to an undesirable light brown discoloration from ferric species. The recently reported single-bath bleaching process, which was developed for stained wool, converts the unspent hydrogen peroxide of the initial oxidative bleaching step to a reductive substance in situ by reaction with thiourea followed by an appropriate pH adjustment to 7-8. When this process is combined with the ferrous mordanting procedure, pigmented and stained fibers are bleached, and any discoloring ferric species formed within the wool as a result of hydrogen peroxide are reduced to ferrous ions. Ferrous ions have a much lower affinity for wool than ferric ions and may be washed away easily. Overall, much superior bleaching with less physical damage is achievable by the new process than with conventional single- or multi-bath processes.