gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembling non-rigid products in the shoe industry (1994)

The assembly of shoe uppers is a labour intensive activity requiring highly developed manipulative and supervisory skills to ensure economical production of adequate quality. A typical manufacturing unit in the fashion sector might at any instant have in process-say 20-40 or more shoe styles, each one comprising left and right, each with ten sizes and perhaps as many as twenty components in the upper alone. Clearly, any form of automation depending upon hard tooling is unacceptable in such an environment. Tool changes are too frequent and the cost and logistics of providing and managing the tooling hardware are prohibitive. There are, of course, exceptions to this rule and machinery based on such technology is successful when production runs are long enough. Over the last ten years British United Shoe Machinery Ltd. (BUSM) and a number of universities have collaborated in a project to identify and demonstrate automation technologies of sufficient flexibility to be applicable to a broader range of shoe making environments. This involves computer vision.
Preclinical and clinical assessment of inhaled levodopa for OFF episodes in Parkinson’s disease (2016)

Inhaled drugs offer advantages, such as rapid onset of action, but require formulations and delivery systems that reproducibly and conveniently administer the drug. CVT-301 is a powder formulation of levodopa delivered by a breath-actuated inhaler that has been developed for treating OFF episodes (motor fluctuations between doses of standard oral levodopa) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We present preclinical, phase 1, and phase 2 results for CVT-301. In dogs insufflated with a levodopa powder, plasma levodopa peaked in all animals 2.5 min after administration; in contrast, in dogs dosed orally with levodopa plus carbidopa, plasma levodopa was not detected until 30 min after administration. In 18 healthy persons, comparisons between inhaled CVT-301 and oral carbidopa/levodopa showed analogous differences in pharmacokinetics. Among 24 PD patients inhaling CVT-301 as a single 50-mg dose during an OFF episode, 77% showed an increase in plasma levodopa (>400 ng/ml) within 10 min versus 27% for oral dosing with carbidopa/levodopa at a 25-mg/100-mg dose. Improvements in timed finger tapping and overall motor function (Part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) were seen 5 and 15 min after administration, the earliest assessment time points. For average and best change, the improvements were statistically significant compared to placebo. The most common adverse event was cough; all cough events were mild to moderate, occurred at the time of inhalation, resolved rapidly, and became less frequent after initial dosing. These results support further development of CVT-301 for better management of PD.
Highly Conductive Sheets from Millimeter‐Long Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquids: Application to Fast‐Moving, Low‐Voltage Electromechanical Actuators Operable in Air (2009)

Ionic liquids allow millimeter-long single-walled carbon nanotubes to associate tightly, forming a free-standing sheet with superb mechanical and electrical properties. An actuator strip, fabricated by sandwiching an ionic-liquid-gel electrolyte layer with the nanotubes sheets obtained exhibits a large deformation in quick response (4 mm per 0.05 s) to low applied voltages, and a high durability upon 10 000 times continuous operations. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Spectral HRTF enhancement for improved vertical-polar auditory localization (2009)

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) can be a valuable tool for adding realistic spatial attributes to arbitrary sounds presented over stereo headphones. However, in practice, HRTF-based virtual audio displays are rarely able to approach the same level of localization accuracy that would be expected for listeners attending to real sound sources in the free field. In this paper, we present a novel HRTF enhancement technique that systematically increases the salience of the direction-dependent spectral cues that listeners use to determine the elevations of sound sources. The technique is shown to produce substantial improvements in localization accuracy in the vertical-polar dimension for individualized and non-individualized HRTFs, without negatively impacting performance in the left-right localization dimension.
Isolation of Clostridium perfringens Type B in an Individual at First Clinical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis Provides Clues for Environmental Triggers of the Disease (2013)

We have isolated Clostridium perfringens type B, an epsilon toxin-secreting bacillus, from a young woman at clinical presentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with actively enhancing lesions on brain MRI. This finding represents the first time that C. perfringens type B has been detected in a human. Epsilon toxin's tropism for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and binding to oligodendrocytes/myelin makes it a provocative candidate for nascent lesion formation in MS. We examined a well-characterized population of MS patients and healthy controls for carriage of C. perfringens toxinotypes in the gastrointestinal tract. The human commensal Clostridium perfringens type A was present in approximately 50% of healthy human controls compared to only 23% in MS patients. We examined sera and CSF obtained from two tissue banks and found that immunoreactivity to ETX is 10 times more prevalent in people with MS than in healthy controls, indicating prior exposure to ETX in the MS population. C. perfringens epsilon toxin fits mechanistically with nascent MS lesion formation since these lesions are characterized by BBB permeability and oligodendrocyte cell death in the absence of an adaptive immune infiltrate.
New method for light-shift elimination (2009)

We present a new method to eliminate the light shift in atomic frequency standards and other optical pumping systems. This method uses only frequency modulation of a radio frequency or microwave source in order to simultaneously lock the source frequency to an atomic resonance and lock the pumping light to eliminate the light shift. In contrast, conventional stabilization of both sources requires two individual modulation schemes and feedback loops, adding complexity. Our method kills two birds with one stone. The method uses fewer additional components and offers improved performance, reduced cost, and easier miniaturization than previous methods. In particular, few modifications are required for implementation in conventional vapor-cell atomic clocks. We believe this technique will be useful for atomic frequency standards and other optical pumping systems that experience the light shift.
Application of infrared focal plane arrays for temperature monitoring in laser surgery (1994)

Preliminary analysis of the applicability of IR FPAs to monitor temperature changes during various laser therapies has been performed at the Beckman Laser Institute. Temperature measurements have been made implementing a high frame rate staring FPA. Extensive measurement of skin surface temperature during pulsed laser exposure of port wine stain was performed. Cursory experiments were performed on lung, teeth, and eye tissue during laser exposure.
A delta configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter (2002)

A delta (/spl Delta/) configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter is developed to overcome the voltage floating problem in a wye (Y) configured resonant snubber inverter. The proposed inverter is used to connect auxiliary resonant branches between phase outputs to avoid a floating point voltage which may cause overvoltage failure of the auxiliary switches. Each auxiliary branch consists of a resonant inductor and a reverse blocking auxiliary switch. Instead of using an anti-paralleled diode to allow resonant current to flow in the reverse direction, as in the Y-configured version, the resonant branch in the /spl Delta/-configured version must block the negative voltage, typically done by a series diode. This paper shows single-phase and three-phase versions of /spl Delta/-configured resonant snubber inverters and describes in detail the operating principle of a single-phase version. The extended three-phase version is proposed with nonadjacent state space vector modulation. For hardware implementation, a single-phase 1 kW unit and a three-phase 100 kW unit were built to prove the concept. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed topology.
Synergistic effect of methyljasmonate and cyclodextrin on stilbene biosynthesis pathway gene expression and resveratrol production in Monastrell grapevine cell cultures (2008)

The effect of MeJA on cell division combined with a true and strong elicitor like CD could be responsible for the observed synergistic effect of both compounds on resveratrol production and on the expression of genes in the stilbene pathway.
Geometric formulation of unstable-resonator design and application to self-collimating unstable-resonator diode lasers (1991)

A new set of design parameters for unstable resonators is presented that yields simpler expressions for the mirror and beam radii and magnification than those given by the usual g parameters. The new formalism is applied to determine the design of a solid unstable resonator of index n with a self-collimated output beam, applicable to unstable-resonator diode lasers.
Nanostructured dielectric layer - A new approach to design nanostructured solar cells (2014)

Nanostructures have been widely used in solar cells due to their extraordinary optical management properties. However, due to the poor junction quality and large surface recombination velocity, typical nanostructured solar cells are not efficient. Here we demonstrate a new approach to design and fabricate whole-wafer nanostructures on dielectric layer for solar cell application. The design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of nanostructured dielectric layer silicon solar cells are presented. The optical simulation results illustrate that the periodic nanostructure array on dielectric materials suppresses the reflection and enhances the absorption over a wide spectral range. Reflection measurements show that reflection can be suppressed below 10% for a wide range of solar spectrum and incident angle. The current density-voltage (J-V) characterization shows that the short circuit current is improved by 44%. Our results suggest this nanostructured dielectric layer has the potential to significantly improve solar cell performance and avoid typical problems of defects and surface recombination for nanostructured solar cells, thus providing a new pathway towards realizing high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells.
Recognition of Shared Melanoma Antigens in Association With Major HLA-A Alleles by Tumor Infiltrating T Lymphocytes From 123 Patients With Melanoma (2000)

A total of 123 tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) cultures established from patients with HLA-A1, -A2, -A3, -A24, or -A31 metastatic melanoma in the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, were screened for recognition of shared melanoma antigens including five melanosomal proteins (tyrosinase, MART-1/melan-A, gp100, TRP1, TRP2) as well as peptides derived from MAGE-1 and MAGE-3. Examination of the specificity of these T cells indicated that 16% of HLA-A1 TIL, 57% of HLA-A2 TIL, 7% of HLA-A3 TIL, 13% of HLA-A24 TIL, and 27% of HLA-A31 TIL recognized shared melanoma antigens restricted by major histocompatibility complex class I. Melanosomal proteins were frequently recognized by these TIL, and MART-1(27-35), gp100(154-162), gp100(209-217), and gp100(280-288) represent highly immunogenic epitopes that were recognized by a high percentage of HLA-A2 restricted melanoma reactive TIL. Recognition of gp100 by HLA-A2 restricted TIL significantly correlated with clinical response to adoptive immunotherapy with TIL in 21 HLA-A2 melanoma patients (p = 0.024). Four HLA-A1, two HLA-A2, two HLA-A3, one HLA-A24, and two HLA-A31 restricted shared antigen-specific TIL did not recognize the previously identified antigens tested in this study, and may be useful for the identification of new melanoma antigens. The observation that TILs isolated from patients with metastatic melanoma recognized melanosomal proteins in the context of predominant HLA-A alleles implies that it may be possible to develop immunotherapies for patients with melanoma expressing diverse HLA types.
Human parvovirus B19 can infect cynomolgus monkey marrow cells in tissue culture (1995)

The human pathogenic parvovirus B19 cannot be grown in standard tissue culture but propagates in human bone marrow, where it is cytotoxic to erythroid progenitor cells. We now show that parvovirus B19 can replicate in cynomolgus bone marrow. Cynomolgus monkeys may be a suitable animal model for pathogenesis studies of parvovirus B19.
Design, Modeling, and Verification of a High-Pressure Liquid Dielectric Switch for Directed Energy Applications (2004)

A high-power liquid dielectric switch is being developed to satisfy the requirements for future directed energy applications. A flowing, high-pressure liquid dielectric was chosen for the design of a megavolt class switch operating at 100 pps. This paper reports on the design philosophy, modeling, and experimental results of a full size, single-shot prototype 250-300 kV concept validation test (CVT) switch which can transfer kilojoules per pulse. Analysis of design criteria and scaling for a compact, 100-pps, kilojoule, high-voltage switch are presented. Optimization studies indicate that a pressure range of 6.9-13.8 MPa (1000-2000 psi) appears to be ideally suited to a flowing dielectric rep-rate switch.
RNA–DNA Interactions and DNA Methylation in Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (1999)

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a homology-dependent process that reduces cytoplasmic RNA levels. In several experimental systems, there is also an association of PTGS with methylation of DNA. To investigate this association, we used plants carrying a transgene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene silencing was induced using potato virus X RNA vectors carrying parts of the coding sequence or the promoter of the GFP transgene. In each instance, homology-based, RNA-directed methylation was associated with silencing. When the GFP-transcribed region was targeted, PTGS affected both transgene and viral RNA levels. When methylation was targeted to a promoter region, transgene RNA levels were reduced; however, viral RNA levels were unaffected. For comparison, we induced PTGS of the gene encoding the endogenous ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit (rbcS) by inoculation with potato virus X-rbcS. In this example, no methylation of the rbcS DNA was associated with the reduction in rbcS transcript levels, and viral RNA levels were unaffected. Finally, we investigated DNA methylation by using GFP-transformed plants in which PTGS was induced by localized introduction of a T-DNA carrying GFP sequences. In these plants, there was methylation of a GFP transgene associated with systemic spread of a gene-silencing signal from the infiltrated part of the plant. This transgene methylation was not affected when systemic PTGS was blocked by suppressors of silencing encoded by potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. Combined, these data support an epigenetic model of PTGS in which transgene methylation is associated with an RNA-DNA interaction that ensures that PTGS is maintained.
Selective targeting of ASIC3 using artificial miRNAs inhibits primary and secondary hyperalgesia after muscle inflammation (2011)

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are activated by acidic pH and may play a significant role in the development of hyperalgesia. Earlier studies show ASIC3 is important for induction of hyperalgesia after muscle insult using ASIC3-/- mice. ASIC3-/- mice lack ASIC3 throughout the body, and the distribution and composition of ASICs could be different from wild-type mice. We therefore tested whether knockdown of ASIC3 in primary afferents innervating muscle of adult wild-type mice prevented development of hyperalgesia to muscle inflammation. We cloned and characterized artificial miRNAs (miR-ASIC3) directed against mouse ASIC3 (mASIC3) to downregulate ASIC3 expression in vitro and in vivo. In CHO-K1 cells transfected with mASIC3 cDNA in culture, the miR-ASIC3 constructs inhibited protein expression of mASIC3 and acidic pH-evoked currents and had no effect on protein expression or acidic pH-evoked currents of ASIC1a. When miR-ASIC3 was used in vivo, delivered into the muscle of mice using a herpes simplex viral vector, both muscle and paw mechanical hyperalgesia were reduced after carrageenan-induced muscle inflammation. ASIC3 mRNA in DRG and protein levels in muscle were decreased in vivo by miR-ASIC3. In CHO-K1 cells co-transfected with ASIC1a and ASIC3, miR-ASIC3 reduced the amplitude of acidic pH-evoked currents, suggesting an overall inhibition in the surface expression of heteromeric ASIC3-containing channels. Our results show, for the first time, that reducing ASIC3 in vivo in primary afferent fibers innervating muscle prevents the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia in wild-type mice, and thus, may have applications in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in humans.
Computer‐aided detection of breast masses on mammograms: Dual system approach with two‐view analysis (2009)

The improvement with the proposed method was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001) by JAFROC analysis.
Fast speaker adaptation using a priori knowledge (1999)

Previously, we presented a radically new class of fast adaptation techniques for speech recognition, based on prior knowledge of speaker variation. To obtain this prior knowledge, one applies a dimensionality reduction technique to T vectors of dimension D derived from T speaker-dependent (SD) models. This offline step yields T basis vectors, the eigenvoices. We constrain the model for new speaker S to be located in the space spanned by the first K eigenvoices. Speaker adaptation involves estimating K eigenvoice coefficients for the new speaker; typically, K is very small compared to original dimension D. Here, we review how to find the eigenvoices, give a maximum-likelihood estimator for the new speaker's eigenvoice coefficients, and summarize mean adaptation experiments carried out on the Isolet database. We present new results which assess the impact on performance of changes in training of the SD models. Finally, we interpret the first few eigenvoices obtained.
Capillary Affinity Gel Electrophoresis for Combined Size- and Sequence-Dependent Separation of Oligonucleotides (1998)

An interesting new approach to capillary affinity gel electrophoresis (CAGE) has been developed for the selective capture and separation of homopolymer and heteropolymer oligonucleotides. The combination of selectivity of bioaffinity recognition and high-resolution power of capillary gel electrophoresis allows the on-line sequence- and size-specific separation of oligonucleotides. Both rigid gel formulations and viscous replaceable polymer solutions having user-defined, single-stranded oligonucleotides covalently attached as recognition sequences are used. Contrary to most known affinity systems in capillary electrophoresis, which operate in a continuous mode, binding and release are accomplished in two steps, effectively separating the affinity from the separation step. At low temperature, oligonucleotides with complementary sequences in the analyte solution will bind to the immobilized recognition sequence while unrelated oligonucleotides will continue to migrate. This step is a preseparation, removing all nonspecific solutes from the sample. The release of the bound solutes is achieved at elevated temperature, allowing a probe of cross-reactivity for a given biorecognition element. Applications for high-resolution separations of short oligonucleotides and their mismatches are shown, and the potential for on-line preconcentration and separation of dilute analyte solutions, thus effectively enhancing the sensitivity, is demonstrated.
<title>Phase-sensitive detection as a means to recover fluoresence signals from interfering backgrounds in analytical cytology measurements</title> (1997)

A phase-sensitive flow cytometer has ben developed to measure fluorescence emission signals from particles and cells labeled with fluorophores based on excited-state lifetimes and to quantify fluorescence lifetimes directly as a parameter in real time. This instrument combines flow cytometry (FCM) and frequency-domain, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique features for making analytical cytology measurements in flow, while maintaining conventional FCM measurement capabilities. In this study we present the underlying theory of the phase-sensitive detector, along with the principles of phase-sensitive detection with respect to resolving fluorescence emission signal from background interferences caused by (1) Rayleigh scatter, (2) unbound/free dye, and (3) low-level intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, all based on differences in phase-shifts of the signals input to a phase-sensitive detector with respect to a fixed reference signal. Investigative studies directed at detecting and eliminating particle- and cell-associated and steady-state background interferences in fluorescence measurements are underway. Examples to illustrate the application of this new technology to biological problems encountered in flow cytometry applications will be presented.
Droop-Free, Reliable, and High-Power InGaN/GaN Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes for Monolithic Metal-Optoelectronics (2016)

A droop-free nitride light-emitting diode (LED) with the capacity to operate beyond the "green gap" has been a subject of intense scientific and engineering interest. While several properties of nanowires on silicon make them promising for use in LED development, the high aspect ratio of individual nanowires and their laterally discontinuous features limit phonon transport and device performance. Here, we report on the monolithic integration of metal heat-sink and droop-free InGaN/GaN quantum-disks-in-nanowire LEDs emitting at ∼710 nm. The reliable operation of our uncooled nanowire-LEDs (NW-LEDs) epitaxially grown on molybdenum was evident in the constant-current soft burn-in performed on a 380 μm × 380 μm LED. The square LED sustained 600 mA electrical stress over an 8 h period, providing stable light output at maturity without catastrophic failure. The absence of carrier and phonon transport barriers in NW-LEDs was further inferred from current-dependent Raman measurements (up to 700 mA), which revealed the low self-heating. The radiative recombination rates of NW-LEDs between room temperature and 40 °C was not limited by Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, Auger recombination, or carrier leakage mechanisms, thus realizing droop-free operation. The discovery of reliable, droop-free devices constitutes significant progress toward the development of nanowires for practical applications. Our monolithic approach realized a high-performance device that will revolutionize the way high power, low-junction-temperature LED lamps are manufactured for solid-state lighting and for applications in high-temperature harsh environment.
N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Indoles (2014)

Abstract A convergent and efficient transition‐metal‐free catalytic synthesis of 2‐aryl‐indoles has been developed. The interception of a highly reactive and transient aza‐ ortho ‐quinone methide by an acyl anion equivalent generated through N‐hetereocyclic carbene catalysis is central to this successful strategy. High yields and a wide scope as well as the streamlined synthesis of a kinase inhibitor are reported.