gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-energy high-peak-power diode-pumped solid state laser for materials processing (1996)

The emergence of commercially available diode pumped solid state lasers in the 3-10 watt power range has created alternative laser sources for many light industrial applications. Laser marking, micro-machining, resistor trimming, disk texturing, and rapid prototyping are some of the applications which can benefit from this technology. In this paper, we describe fiber-coupled diode bar pumped Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO<SUB>4</SUB> lasers with short pulse, high energy, and relatively high average power developed for these applications. Our design emphasizes system efficiency and simplicity to minimize the cost of ownership. The excellent beam spatial quality and pulse-to-pulse stability of these devices results in improved process yields for the end user.
Two-layer circularly polarised microstrip antenna (1984)

A microstrip antenna is described that produces good circular polarisation out to wide-scan angles without adjustments to the ground plane. A two-layer dielectric structure is used to realise the optimum dielectric constant and to permit the centre frequency of the antenna to be adjusted over a small frequency range of approximately double the antenna bandwidth.
Oil recovery process using improved thickened aqueous flooding liquids. [polysaccharide B-1459] (1978)

The specification discloses a process for recovering oil from a subterranean reservoir which process utilizes a thickened flooding liquid containing polysaccharide B-1459. In the process the polysaccharide B-1459 is imparted with superior viscosity by first prehydrating it with fresh or deionized water before mixing with another aqueous component, for example brine water containing large amounts or inorganic ions, that is, hard water. The invention comprises the polysaccharide B-1459 which has been prehydrated in the fresh or deionized aqueous medium and then mixed with hard water. The process for imparting viscosity to polysaccharide B-1459 is an improvement over the prior art in that a higher viscosity is obtained while using the same amount of polysaccharide that has been obtained by hydrating the polysaccharide in hard or brine water initially.
Novel Time-Distance Parameters Based Hand Gesture Recognition System Using Multi-UWB Radars (2023)

Hand gesture recognition (HGR) has a vital role to develop an intelligent interface for human–computer interaction. This letter proposed an automated system for HGR using three ultrawideband radars. In this system, the received radar reflection is measured for each hand gesture action which is recorded with respect to time duration and distance of hand from radar during hand motion. A time-distance matrix is formed for each gesture action, and reflection density is obtained for time-distance analysis. Furthermore, mean density function-based parameters are suggested, namely, reflection density per unit time, reflection density per unit distance, and mixed moments of time and distance with higher order functions. Features are computed in entire time-distance region and further limited to local time-distance ranges to extract the gesture distinguishable information. Computed features are ranked and given to the classification model. The achieved high accuracy justifies the primacy of features and the developed system.
Novel Superhydrophobic Sand and Polyurethane Sponge Coated with Silica/Modified Asphaltene Nanoparticles for Rapid Oil Spill Cleanup (2019)

Superhydrophobic nanomaterials are promising in the important pursuit to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by the petroleum crude oil industry, especially to clean-up oil spills. In this work, asphaltenes isolated from crude oil were modified to act as capping agents during the synthesis of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (HSNPs). The chemical structure, surface morphology, particle size, and surfaces charge of HSNPs were investigated. The contact angles of water droplets on HSNP film surfaces were measured to investigate their wetting properties. Finally, superhydrophobic sand and polyurethane sponge were prepared by coating them with HSNPs and applied in the cleanup of oil spills of viscous heavy Arabian crude oil.
The Design of High-Performance Dynamic Asynchronous Pipelines: Lookahead Style (2007)

A new class of asynchronous pipelines is proposed, called lookahead pipelines (LP), which use dynamic logic and are capable of delivering multi-gigahertz throughputs. Since they are asynchronous, these pipelines avoid problems related to high-speed clock distribution, such as clock power, management of clock skew, and inflexibility in handling varied environments. The designs are based on the well-known PSO style of Williams and Horowitz as a starting point, but achieve significant improvements through novel protocol optimizations: the pipeline communication is structured so that critical events can be detected and exploited earlier. A special focus of this work is to target extremely fine-grain or gate-level pipelines, where the datapath is sectioned into stages, each consisting of logic that is only a single level deep. Both dual-rail and single-rail pipeline implementations are proposed. All the implementations are characterized by low-cost control structures and the avoidance of explicit latches. Post-layout SPICE simulations, in 0.18-mum technology, indicate that the best dual-rail LP design has more than twice the throughput (1.04 giga data items/s) of Williams' PSO design, while the best single-rail LP design achieves even higher throughput (1.55 giga data items/s).
Multicenter clinical assessment of improved wearable multimodal convulsive seizure detectors (2017)

The proposed multimodal wrist-worn convulsive seizure detectors provide seizure counts that are more accurate than previous automated detectors and typical patient self-reports, while maintaining a tolerable FAR for ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, the multimodal system provides an objective description of motor behavior and autonomic dysfunction, aimed at enriching seizure characterization, with potential utility for SUDEP warning.
Synthesis and properties of cellulose acetoacetates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of cellulose acetoacetatesK. J. Edgar, K. M. Arnold, W. W. Blount, J. E. Lawniczak, and D. W. LowmanCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 12, 4122–4128Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00116a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00116a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Compatibility of Copper CMP Slurries with CMP Requirements (2003)

Cu is currently used as a replacement for aluminum in IC interconnections. One of the challenges of integrated circuit (IC) interconnection technology is the planarization process that involves fine copper lines patterning; the most perspective technique for Cu lines patterning is chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). CMP is applicable only once a given metal-slurry system can provide certain requirements. Different media, such as ammonium hydroxide peroxide ferric nitrite and nitric acid with and without the presence of inhibitors, were suggested as potential candidates for copper CMP slurries. In this work we studied the compatibility of these media with CMP requirements. Our work indicated that these slurry solutions (basic and acidic media) do not provide sufficient conditions for a conventional CMP application. The Cu is actively dissolved in all of these solutions and in some of them with high dissolution rate, without a rapid repassivation. The sharp acceleration in Cu etching rate under abrasive abrading can be attributed only to a mechanical Cu removal. It was found that the active dissolution of Cu is conducted through deep intergranular penetrations which may result in the deterioration of thin Cu connectors. This study also shows that the use of benzotriazole or other inhibitors commonly used for reducing the etching rate of the actively dissolved Cu cannot provide the needed conditions for a rapid passive film growth on the copper metal. The electrochemical behavior of Cu in these solutions, morphology of dissolved copper metal surface, and mechanism of copper CMP are discussed. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Feasibility studies on active damage detection for CFRP aircraft bonding structures (2006)

Abstract This paper presents a part of the feasibility study for employing a damage monitoring system using a PZT actuator/FBG sensor. The goal of this research is to improve the present safety level of aircrafts by ensuring structural integrity and reducing maintenance/operation costs of advanced composite materials that will be employed for the primary structures of the new generation aircraft. Our novel sensor system employing a PZT actuator and an FBG optical fiber sensor can detect several types of damage, such as delamination and debonding, which are expected to occur in the highly efficient bonding structures of an aircraft wing box when the main/tail wing section is designed using composite materials. In this system, elastic waves will be transmitted into the structure by PZT actuators and received by small-diameter FBG optical fiber sensors that are embedded in the critical section of the primary structure of an aircraft. The onset and growth of damage can be detected with a very high accuracy through the change in the received elastic waves. In this study, a conceptual design was implemented in order to employ the novel system. We also selected the optimum application candidate area in order to verify the effects of the system. Further, the investigation and experiment on the novel sensor system that uses a bonded PZT actuator and an FBG sensor was carried out, and the basic damage detection technique was established based on the experimental results of the received elastic wave. Furthermore, compressive tests were carried out using the coupon specimen with an embedded small-diameter or standard-diameter optical fiber sensor. It was verified that the coupon specimen with an embedded small-diameter optical fiber suffered no degradation of its material properties. Keywords: DAMAGE MONITORING SYSTEMPIEZO TRANSDUCER (PZT) ACTUATOR/FBG SENSORAIRCRAFT STRUCTURESTRUCTURAL INTEGRITYELASTIC WAVEDAMAGE DETECTIONSTRUCTURAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Method and apparatus for adaptive focusing in a medical ultrasound imaging apparatus (1990)

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Hexafluorobenzene: a Sensitive 19F NMR Indicator of Tumor Oxygenation (1996)

We have surveyed the sensitivity of the spin lattice relaxation rates of the 19F resonances of several perfluorocarbons to changes in oxygen tension and temperature. Hexafluorobenzene was found to exhibit exceptional sensitivity to changes in oxygen tension, and we have exploited this phenomenon to measure tumor oxygen tension following intratumoral injection. When 20 μl hexafluorobenzene were injected they remained localized and the biodistribution was readily assessed on the basis of combined 1H and 19F three-dimensional MRI. Relaxation measurements indicated a typical baseline oxygen tension of 4.0±1.5 torr in the central region of a Dunning prostate R3327-AT1 tumor when the rat breathed 66% oxygen. Altering the inspired oxygen concentration to 100% produced a modest increase in pO2 (5.6±0.7 torr; p<0.1). Significantly, the precision of these measurements should facilitate NMR investigations of radiobiological hypoxia. Intra-tumoral injection allowed measurements from regions not normally accessible to infused perfluorocarbons and provides an additional approach to measuring tumor oxygenation.
A Class-F CMOS Oscillator (2013)

An oscillator topology demonstrating an improved phase noise performance is proposed in this paper. It exploits the time-variant phase noise model with insights into the phase noise conversion mechanisms. The proposed oscillator is based on enforcing a pseudo-square voltage waveform around the LC tank by increasing the third-harmonic of the fundamental oscillation voltage through an additional impedance peak. This auxiliary impedance peak is realized by a transformer with moderately coupled resonating windings. As a result, the effective impulse sensitivity function (ISF) decreases thus reducing the oscillator's effective noise factor such that a significant improvement in the oscillator phase noise and power efficiency are achieved. A comprehensive study of circuit-to-phase-noise conversion mechanisms of different oscillators' structures shows the proposed class-F exhibits the lowest phase noise at the same tank's quality factor and supply voltage. The prototype of the class-F oscillator is implemented in TSMC 65-nm standard CMOS. It exhibits average phase noise of -136 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from the carrier over 5.9-7.6 GHz tuning range with figure-of-merit of 192 dBc/Hz. The oscillator occupies 0.12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while drawing 12 mA from 1.25 V supply.
Improved stability in amorphous silicon germanium solar cells made from hydrogen-diluted silane and germane (2002)

Amorphous hydrogenated silicon germanium p-i-n heterojunction solar cells with a-SiGe:H i-layers were deposited in one case from a glow discharge of SiH/sub 4/ and GeH/sub 4/ diluted in H/sub 2/, and, in a second case, from a discharge of SiH/sub 4/ and GeH/sub 4/ with no dilution. The cells made from these two discharges had very similar initial conversion efficiencies; however, those having i-layers deposited in the presence ofH/sub 2/-dilution were more stable against light-induced degradation. This may be a result of improved material properties as indicated by infrared and Raman analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Recovery of Human Cells Harbouring the Mitochondrial DNA Mutation MERRF <b><i>A8344G</i></b> via Peptide-Mediated Mitochondrial Delivery (2012)

We explored the feasibility of mitochondrial therapy using the cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1 to transfer mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between cells and rescue a cybrid cell model of the mitochondrial disease myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibres (MERRF) syndrome. Pep-1-conjugated wild-type mitochondria isolated from parent cybrid cells incorporating a mitochondria-specific tag were used as donors for mitochondrial delivery into MERRF cybrid cells (MitoB2) and mtDNA-depleted Rho-zero cells (Mitoρ°). Forty-eight hours later, translocation of Pep-1-labelled mitochondria into the mitochondrial regions of MitoB2 and Mitoρ° host cells was observed (delivery efficiencies of 77.48 and 82.96%, respectively). These internalized mitochondria were maintained for at least 15 days in both cell types and were accompanied by mitochondrial function recovery and cell survival by preventing mitochondria-dependent cell death. Mitochondrial homeostasis analyses showed that peptide-mediated mitochondrial delivery (PMD) also increased mitochondrial biogenesis in both cell types, but through distinct regulatory pathways involving mitochondrial dynamics. Dramatic decreases in mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and dynamin-related protein 1/fission 1 were observed in MitoB2 cells, while Mitoρ° cells showed a significant increase in optic atrophy 1 and MFN2. These findings suggest that PMD can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for mitochondrial disorders.
Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone for Tendon Regeneration (2006)

Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone for Tendon Regeneration L. A. Bosworth, S. J. Eichhorn, S. DownesTendons are primarily composed of collagen type I fibres and tendon cells. The fibres mainly run along the length of the tendon axis and form part of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tendon cells lie amongst these fibres in relatively few numbers and assist the turnover of the ECM. Tendons have great flexibility and elasticity, but their main function is to provide sufficient tensile strength. This is achieved by the parallel alignment of collagen fibres to one another along the direction of applied load. Should the tendon degenerate and rupture the healed tissue is no longer as mechanically strong. This is because the formed scar tissue is composed of collagen type III, a mechanically weaker structure compared to collagen type I. Consequently the scarred tendon is prone to re-rupture. This leads on to the need for artificially created tendons to be fabricated for implantation. The purpose of this research is to develop a technique capable of producing an artificial scaffold that closely mimics natural tendon in terms of structure, composition and mechanical properties.Electrospinning is a relatively simple method capable of producing fibres with long lengths and diameters ranging from microscopic to nanoscopic. The process utilises an electric field to produce a jet of charged polymer that is deposited onto a metallic target collector. Deposition can be controlled by rotation of the target to produce organised fibres or left stationary to create a random network. This method has been chosen because of its ease of fabrication, and its ability to construct the scaffold in such a way that it can closely resemble the original tendon.Polycaprolactone is the material polymer to be used as it is both biocompatible and bioresorbable. One of the benefits of using this polyester is its slower rate of degradation compared to other biopolymers - allowing the seeded tendon cells the time needed to produce significant amounts of ECM, required to withstand the loads exerted on the tendon. Other ideal characteristics are its low levels of toxicity, and excellent mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and flexibility.Research to date has mainly focused on determining the ideal electrospinning parameters necessary to produce bead-free, nanoscopic fibres.
Host Cytokine Responses Induced after Overnight Stimulation with Novel M. tuberculosis Infection Phase-Dependent Antigens Show Promise as Diagnostic Candidates for TB Disease (2014)

Unstimulated and antigen-specific levels of CRP, SAA, IP-10, MMP-2 and sCD40L hold promise as diagnostic candidates for TB disease in short-term stimulation assays. Larger studies are required to validate these findings but the data suggest that antigen-specific cytokine production and in particular mutimarker biosignatures might contribute to future diagnostic strategies.
Performance assessment for EEG-based neonatal seizure detectors (2010)

This is the first study to present a thorough method for performance assessment of EEG-based seizure detection systems. The evaluated SVM-based seizure detection system can greatly assist clinical staff, in a neonatal intensive care unit, to interpret the EEG.
Using Device-Provided Location-Related Measurements in Location Configuration Protocols (2014)

This document describes a protocol for a Device to provide locationrelated measurement data to a Location Information Server (LIS) within a request for location information. Location-related measurement information provides observations concerning properties related to the position of a Device; this information could be data about network attachment or about the physical environment. A LIS is able to use the location-related measurement data to improve the accuracy of the location estimate it provides to the Device. A basic set of location-related measurements are defined, including common modes of network attachment as well as assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) parameters.
Interaction Between HIV-1 Nef and Calnexin (2016)

This study identifies potential targets that can be exploited to block the pathogenic effect of HIV infection on cholesterol metabolism and prevent atherosclerosis in HIV-infected subjects.
Automatic rock recognition from drilling performance data (2012)

Automated rock recognition is a key step for building a fully autonomous mine. When characterizing rock types from drill performance data, the main challenge is that there is not an obvious one-to-one correspondence between the two. In this paper, a hybrid rock recognition approach is proposed which combines Gaussian Process (GP) regression with clustering. Drill performance data is also known as Measurement While Drilling (MWD) data and a rock hardness measure - Adjusted Penetration Rate (APR) is extracted using the raw data in discrete drill holes. GP regression is then applied to create a more dense APR distribution, followed by clustering which produces discrete class labels. No initial labelling is needed. Comparisons are made with alternative measures of rock hardness from MWD data as well as state-of-the-art GP classification. Experimental results from an actual mine site show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Residential Smart-Charging Pilot Program in Toronto: Results of a Utility Controlled Charging Pilot (2016)

Thirty plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners in Toronto participated in the 15-month ChargeTO program, which actively curtailed their vehicles during charging. The intent was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the smart-charging system and evaluate its limitations, quantify the real-world curtailment availability of the PEVs, and to capture the participant’s impressions and response to various incentive structures. A key feature of this program was the use of vehicle-side data, namely battery state-of-charge (SOC), to ensure that charge curtailments did not negatively affect the participants. This paper summarizes the findings from the ChargeTO program.
Determination of phase errors in spaceborne SAR (2002)

The phase of a radar signal can be disturbed in the active microwave instrument itself, by spurious motion errors of the platform or due to propagation through the atmosphere. These phase errors lead to geometric distortions and blurring of the SAR image. The phase errors caused by the atmosphere and some types of phase errors of the radar system can be evaluated using the reflectivity displacement method (RDM). The RDM analyses the frequency shift between two ground reflectivity functions of adjacent and strong overlapping azimuth spectra. This frequency shift is caused by the movement of the platform and corresponds to the Doppler difference between any individual scatterer's contribution to the signal records of the adjacent spectra. The Doppler shift due to the constant forward velocity of the satellite can be separated from the frequency shift by a low pass filter. The remaining part is caused by atmospheric distortion and instrument errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>