gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Gain and Linear 60-GHz Power Amplifier With a Thin Digital 65-nm CMOS Technology (2013)

The analysis and optimization of millimeter-wave coupling structures are detailed to design a high-performance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> -band 65-nm CMOS parallel power amplifier (PA). The difficulty in this design consists of the use of a thin digital seven metal layer, back end of line, and low-power transistors dedicated to pure digital applications. In this context, two transformer-based power-combining schemes are compared using a lumped model analysis. A distributed active transformer with a mixed current-voltage mode is then proposed for power combination. Furthermore, baluns and 0° 1-4 splitters are codesigned and implemented in the design. Two PAs are fabricated and measured. The first PA represents the power stage of the high-gain linear PA. At 61 GHz, the PA achieves a peak power gain of 20 dB with a 13.5-dBm 1-dB output compression point (OCP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> ) . It produces 15.6-dBm saturated power and a power-added efficiency of 6.6% from a 1.2-V supply. Finally, experimental measurements of the temperature distribution in the CMOS PA chip are illustrated and analyzed. To the authors' knowledge, these results represent the highest linear output power and gain performances among PAs using the same digital technology.
In vitro selection of a peptide antagonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor using cDNA display (2012)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major drug targets, and their ligands are currently being explored and developed by many pharmaceutical companies and independent researchers. Class A (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs compose a predominant GPCR family; therefore, class A GPCR ligands are in demand. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) is a class A GPCR that stimulates food intake by binding to its peptide ligand, ghrelin. Therefore, antagonists of GHS-R are expected to exert antiobesity function. In this article, we describe the use of cDNA display to screen for successfully and identify an antagonistic peptide of GHS-R. The antagonistic peptide inhibited the ghrelin-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in vitro (IC(50) = approximately 10 μM) and repressed the contraction of isolated animal stomach in response to ghrelin. Furthermore, peripheral administration of the peptide inhibited the food intake of mice. This work provides new insight into the development of antiobesity drugs and describes a method for the discovery of unique peptide ligands for class A GPCRs.
An appraisal of analytical tools used in predicting clinical outcomes following radiation therapy treatment of men with prostate cancer: a systematic review (2017)

A large number of prognostic models (97) have been described in the recent literature, representing a rapid increase since previous reviews (17 papers, 1966-2007). Most models described were not validated and a third utilised variables which are not readily accessible in existing data collections. Where validation had occurred, it was often limited to data taken from single institutes in the US. While validated and accurate models are available to predict prostate cancer specific mortality following external beam radiation therapy, there is a scarcity of such tools relating to brachytherapy. This review provides an accessible catalogue of predictive tools for current use and which should be prioritised for future validation.
Computerized library search routine for comparing ultraviolet spectra of drugs separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputerized library search routine for comparing ultraviolet spectra of drugs separated by high-performance liquid chromatographyDennis W. Hill, Thomas R. Kelley, and Karen J. LangnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2, 350–353Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00129a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00129a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cardiosynchronous Limb Compression: Effects on Noninvasive Vascular Tests and Clinical Course of the Ischemic Limb (1992)

Some patients with chronic arterial obstruction of the limbs may still suffer the consequences of advanced tissue ischemia, including ulceration and rest pain, and face threatened limb loss in spite of available surgical, pharmacologic, and other treatments. Additional therapeutic modalities were thus sought to accomplish limb salvage. A literature review indicated that most reports on R-wave-triggered circumferential limb compression (cardiosynchronous limb compression [CSC]) demonstrate its ability to augment limb arterial blood flow and improve ischemic limbs. To determine the device's efficacy and safety, and possibly confirm earlier positive reports, a systematic study was undertaken, using older, as well as newer, more electronically reliable CSC devices. The present study was designed to determine the following: 1. objectively, by noninvasive vascular tests, changes in limb blood flow, if any, by CSC; 2. clinical effects of CSC, if any, on the ischemic limb; 3. duration of CSC-induced limb improvements, if any; 4. side effects or safety of CSC. The study demonstrated that CSC treatments: 1. caused increased limb blood flow as determined by increased ankle/arm indices and hallux photoplethysmograph waveform amplitudes during treatments; 2. led, in most cases, to improvement in or resolution of the presenting ischemic problem (eg, ulcer, cellulitis, rest pain); 3. induced limb improvements that persist for up to seven years 4. caused no adverse side effects.
Tissue-specific Calibration of Real-time PCR Facilitates Absolute Quantification of Plasmid DNA in Biodistribution Studies (2016)

Analysis of the tissue distribution of plasmid DNA after administration of nonviral gene delivery systems is best accomplished using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), although published strategies do not allow determination of the absolute mass of plasmid delivered to different tissues. Generally, data is expressed as the mass of plasmid relative to the mass of genomic DNA (gDNA) in the sample. This strategy is adequate for comparisons of efficiency of delivery to a single site but it does not allow direct comparison of delivery to multiple tissues, as the mass of gDNA extracted per unit mass of each tissue is different. We show here that by constructing qPCR standard curves for each tissue it is possible to determine the dose of intact plasmid remaining in each tissue, which is a more useful parameter when comparing the fates of different formulations of DNA. We exemplify the use of this tissue-specific qPCR method by comparing the delivery of naked DNA, cationic DNA complexes, and neutral PEGylated DNA complexes after intramuscular injection. Generally, larger masses of intact plasmid were present 24 hours after injection of DNA complexes, and neutral complexes resulted in delivery of a larger mass of intact plasmid to the spleen.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Thiangazole (X), a Novel Inhibitor of HIV‐1 from Polyangium sp. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endocannabinoid-Dependent LTD in a Nociceptive Synapse Requires Activation of a Presynaptic TRPV-Like Receptor (2010)

Recent studies have found that some forms of endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus are mediated through activation of transient potential receptor vanilloid (TRPV) receptors instead of cannabinoid receptors CB1 or CB2. The potential role for synaptic localization of TRPV receptors during endocannabinoid modulation of nociceptive synapses was examined in the leech CNS where it is possible to record from the same pair of neurons from one preparation to the next. Long-term depression (LTD) in the monosynaptic connection between the nociceptive (N) sensory neuron and the longitudinal (L) motor neuron was found to be endocannabinoid-dependent given that this depression was blocked by RHC-80267, an inhibitor of DAG lipase that is required for 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG) synthesis. Intracellular injection of a second DAG lipase inhibitor, tetrahyrdolipstatin (THL) was also able to block this endocannabinoid-dependent LTD (ecLTD) when injected postsynaptically but not presynaptically. N-to-L ecLTD was also inhibited by the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine and SB 366791. Bath application of 2AG or the TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and resiniferatoxin mimicked LTD and both capsaicin- and 2AG-induced depression were blocked by capsazepine. In addition, pretreatment with 2AG or capsaicin occluded subsequent expression of LTD induced by repetitive activity. Presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, intracellular injection of capsazepine blocked both activity- and 2AG-induced ecLTD, suggesting that a presynaptic TRPV-like receptor in the leech mediated this form of synaptic plasticity. These findings potentially extend the role ecLTD to nociceptive synapses and suggest that invertebrate synapses, which are thought to lack CB1/CB2 receptor orthologues, utilize a TRPV-like protein as an endocannabinoid receptor.
Clustering Web sessions by sequence alignment (2004)

In the context of Web mining, clustering could be used to cluster similar click-streams to determine learning behaviours in the case of e-learning, or general site access behaviours in e-commerce. Most of the algorithms presented in the literature to deal with clustering Web sessions treat sessions as sets of visited pages within a time period and don't consider the sequence of the click-stream visitation. This has a significant consequence when comparing similarities between Web sessions. We propose in this paper a new algorithm based on sequence alignment to measure similarities between Web sessions where sessions are chronologically ordered sequences of page accesses.
Doppler Radar-Based Non-Contact Health Monitoring for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review (2019)

Today’s rapid growth of elderly populations and aging problems coupled with the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other health related issues have affected many aspects of society. This has led to high demands for a more robust healthcare monitoring, diagnosing and treatments facilities. In particular to Sleep Medicine, sleep has a key role to play in both physical and mental health. The quality and duration of sleep have a direct and significant impact on people’s learning, memory, metabolism, weight, safety, mood, cardio-vascular health, diseases, and immune system function. The gold-standard for OSA diagnosis is the overnight sleep monitoring system using polysomnography (PSG). However, despite the quality and reliability of the PSG system, it is not well suited for long-term continuous usage due to limited mobility as well as causing possible irritation, distress, and discomfort to patients during the monitoring process. These limitations have led to stronger demands for non-contact sleep monitoring systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of non-contact Doppler radar sleep monitoring technology and provide an outline of current challenges and make recommendations on future research directions to practically realize and commercialize the technology for everyday usage.
Statistical Debugging Using Latent Topic Models (2007)

Statistical debugging uses machine learning to model program failures and help identify root causes of bugs. We approach this task using a novel Delta-Latent-Dirichlet-Allocation model. We model execution traces attributed to failed runs of a program as being generated by two types of latent topics: normal usage topics and bug topics. Execution traces attributed to successful runs of the same program, however, are modeled by usage topics only. Joint modeling of both kinds of traces allows us to identify weak bug topics that would otherwise remain undetected. We perform model inference with collapsed Gibbs sampling. In quantitative evaluations on four real programs, our model produces bug topics highly correlated to the true bugs, as measured by the Rand index. Qualitative evaluation by domain experts suggests that our model outperforms existing statistical methods for bug cause identification, and may help support other software tasks not addressed by earlier models.
MyNet: A Platform for Secure P2P Personal and Social Networking Services (2008)

Recent advances in peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies will enable users to establish ubiquitous connectivity among their personal networked devices and those of others. Building on top of such technologies, we propose a platform of middleware and user interaction tools, called MyNet, that allows everyday users to easily and securely access and share with others their devices, services, and content, without requiring expertise or centralized service support. MyNet offers a more immediate and responsive alternative to the current web-based paradigm of personal and social networking, because it allows users’ distributed services and content to be accessed and shared in real-time as they are produced, directly from their personal devices. In this paper, we describe the MyNet system architecture, including secure resource discovery, service management, security framework, and the user interaction tools for building personal and social networks and sharing resources over them. We also present our proof-of-concept implementation, including mobile devices and our tests with real users.
Computing functions via simo multiple-access channels: How much channel knowledge is needed? (2010)

We view a wireless sensor network as a collection of sensor nodes that observe sources of information, process the picked up data and send it to a sink node, with the goal of computing a desired function of the measurements. To this end, we consider a previously proposed coding scheme that exploits the underlying fading multiple-access channel (MAC) to efficiently estimate the function values. The main problem addressed in this paper is how much channel state information (CSI) is needed at the sensor nodes to obtain sufficiently good estimates? First we show that there is no performance loss, independent of fading distributions, if, instead of perfect CSI, each sensor node has only access to the modulus of its channel coefficient. In the case of multiple antenna elements at the sink node and specific independent distributed fading environments, it is shown that CSI at sensor nodes is not necessary and a very simple correction of fading effects can be performed at the sink based on some statistical channel knowledge. In many cases, fading improves the estimation accuracy due to the multiple-access nature of the channel.
Partial Purification and Characterization of an Enzyme Releasing 2-Sulfo-α-L- fucopyranose from 2-Sulfo-<i>α</i>-<scp>L</scp>-fucopyranosyl-(1→2) Pyridylaminated Fucose from a Sea Urchin,<i>Strongylocentrotus nudus</i> (1996)

We purified an enzyme hydrolyzing 2-sulfo-α-L-fucopyranose pyridylaminated 2-sulfo-α-L-fucopyranosyl-(1→2)-fucose from the acetone powder of the digestive tract of a sea urchin. The enzyme was purified 307-fold with an overall recovery of 1.63% by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme is useful for the structural analysis of sulfated fucan.
Biofilm Mode of Growth of <i>Streptococcus intermedius</i> Favored by a Competence-Stimulating Signaling Peptide (2004)

Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate population behavior. In several streptococci, quorum sensing mediated by competence-stimulating peptides (CSP) is associated with development of competence for transformation. We show here that a synthetic CSP favored the biofilm mode of growth of Streptococcus intermedius without affecting the rate of culture growth.
Activation of Primary Human Monocytes by the Oxidized Form of α1-Antitrypsin (2000)

The oxidation of methionine residues in many proteins, including the serine proteinase inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), can result in functional inactivation. In this study we investigated the pro-inflammatory properties of oxidized AAT (oxAAT), specifically its ability to activate human monocytes in culture. Monocytes stimulated with oxAAT at concentrations up to 0.2 mg/ml for 24 h showed significant elevation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cytokine interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and increased NADPH oxidase activity. Monocytes activated with oxAAT showed surprising effects on lipid metabolism. Expression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors increased by up to 76% compared with controls but was not accompanied by any changes in (125)I-labeled LDL binding and, paradoxically, decreased LDL uptake, degradation, and intracellular cholesterol synthesis. oxAAT also down-regulated the scavenger receptor CD36, which takes up and is up-regulated by oxidized LDL and is down-regulated by cholesterol efflux. As a by-product of oxidative events accompanying inflammation, oxAAT has multiple effects on cytokine expression, generation of reactive oxygen species, and on intracellular lipid metabolism. The up-regulation of monocyte-derived reactive oxygen by oxAAT could potentially result in self-amplification of AAT oxidation and, thereby, the other effects deriving from it. This implies that there are as yet unidentified regulatory processes that control this cycle.
Designer siRNAs to overcome the challenges from the RNAi pathway. (2005)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based technology is playing a pivotal role in understanding gene function. Huge siRNA libraries coupled to high-content screening are being applied to decipher molecular circuitries, as well as to identify novel therapeutic targets. Further, the technology is finding its way towards therapeutic applications. In the midst of all this excitement, the siRNA technology is faced with challenges, arising mostly from siRNAs being a nucleic acid molecule, and also from the baggage it inherits from the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, which is critical to the function of siRNAs.
Sensitivity analysis in keystroke dynamics using convolutional neural networks (2017)

Biometrics has become ubiquitous and spurred common use in many authentication mechanisms. Keystroke dynamics is a form of behavioral biometrics that can be used for user authentication while actively working at a terminal. The proposed mechanisms involve digraph, trigraph and n-graph analysis as separate solutions or suggest a fusion mechanism with certain limitations. However, deep learning can be used as a unifying machine learning technique that consolidates the power of all different features since it has shown tremendous results in image recognition and natural language processing. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of deep learning on three different datasets by using convolutional neural networks and Gaussian data augmentation technique. We achieve 10% higher accuracy and 7.3% lower equal error rate (EER) than existing methods. Also, our sensitivity analysis indicates that the convolution operation and the fully-connected layer are the most prominent factors that affect the accuracy and the convergence rate of a network trained with keystroke data.
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Evaluation of Ruminal Fermentation and Cellulase Digestion of Diverse Forages (1988)

Digestible dry matter determined by in vitro rumen fermentation (IVDDM) is recognized as a superior assay of digestible energy potential of forages, but fungal ceilulase digestion (NDSCS) can a less costly substitute. Our primary objective was to ascertain the relationship between the two methods and whether near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to estimate in vitro digestibility of diverse forages by either method. We also wanted to compare wavelength selection during equation development by NIRS. We analyzed 499 samples among five diverse cultivated forage and weed groups. Digestibility determined by the two in vitro methods was highly correlated; r ranged from 0.98 to 0.83. The NDSCS method provided more complete digestion than IVDDM for all forage groups. The NIRS calibration equations for both methods had coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) of 0.86 to 0.97 for four of the five groups. The R 2 values were higher and the standard errors of analysis (SEA) were lower for IVDDM (SEA of 7.2‐31.1 g kg ‐1 ) compared with NDSCS (SEA of 11.8‐38.9 g kg ‐1 ). Biases were negligible. Ten of 46 wavelengths used were identical for the best IVDDM and NDSCS equations, and 26 wavelengths were within 20 nm of being identical. Eleven peaks or valleys of the mean NIR spectra for the 499 samples were at or near wavelengths known to be absorbed by feed nutrients or fiber fractions. We conclude that the IVDDM and NDSCS methods usually similarly ranked cultivated forages or weeds for in vitro digestibility and that NIRS can estimate digestibility by either in vitro method. Wavelength selection during NIRS equation development appears to be based on chemical entities that are often commonly digested by rumen microorganisms and cultured cellulase.
Expression for the growth rate of selective epitaxial growth of silicon using dichlorosilane, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition pancake reactor (1997)

A semiempirical expression was developed for the growth rate of selective epitaxial growth (SEG) and epitaxial lateral overgrowth of silicon in a rf heated cold-wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition pancake reactor for the dichlorosilane-HCl–H2 system. The model was obtained for temperatures ranging from 920 to 1020 °C, system pressures from 40 to 150 Torr, and over a range of HCl and dichlorosilane gas flows. The growth rate expression is the sum of a growth term which is a function of the partial pressures of dichlorosilane (SiCl2H2) and hydrogen, and an etch term that varies with the partial pressure of HCl. The growth and etch terms have a temperature Arrhenius relation with activation energies of Egr=2.266 and Eet=1.349 eV, respectively. Included is a term to account for the SEG growth rate dependence on the ratio of SiO2 area coverage to silicon wafer area. A methodology was developed for obtaining the coefficients for the semiempirical growth rate expression from several sets of experiments.