gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compression of high energy femtosecond pulses by the hollow fiber technique: Generation of sub-5-fs multigigawatt pulses (1998)

Powerful techniques for spectral broadening and ultrabroad-band dispersion control, which allow compression of high energy femtosecond pulses to duration of a few optical cycles, are presented. Spectral broadening by propagation along hollow fiber filled with noble gases is studied under two excitation regimes with high energy input pulses of 140-fs and 20-fs duration respectively. With 20-fs input pulses and under optimum compression conditions we show a pulse shortening down to 4.5 fs with output energy up to 70 μJ using a high throughput prism-chirped mirror delay line.
A Visual Pattern of Mycotoxin Production in Maize Kernels by<i>Aspergillus</i>spp. (1994)

Different Aspergillus species flavus, parasiticus, and nidulans), which produce different intermediates and end products of the aflatoxin pathway (norsolorinic acid, NOR; sterigmatocystin, ST; and aflatoxin, AF), are useful in studying the maize-Aspergillus-mycotoxin interaction. Aspergillus AF mutants, which produce NOR (a visible orange intermediate of both ST and AF), were used to visualize mycotoxin deposition in host and fungal tissues. NOR was seen in specific maize kernel tissues (embryo and aleurone) and specific fungal tissues (substrate mycelium but not sporulating mycelium) within 24 h after inoculation of kernels or growth media [...]
The size prediction and auto-generation of garment template (2020)

Purpose The size prediction of garment is an important part in the process of the garment design and production, and it is also one of the most important features in warp-knitted computer-aided design system. The purpose of this paper is to realize the auto-generation of the garment templates using JavaScript and WebGL technologies, based on the prediction of the size of warp-knitted seamless sportswear. Design/methodology/approach The warp-knitted jacquard technology is used to produce the warp-knitted seamless sportswear, which is divided into suits and tights. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the dimensions of four kinds of jacquard patterns knitted under different knitting conditions are measured and the crosswise and longitudinal size shrinkage percentages are also calculated. Then, the relationship between the yarn count and the drawing density as well as the size shrinkage percentage is studied and a size prediction model for warp-knitted jacquard fabric is established. Next, according to the results of the size calculation, the point positions of the garment boundary in the mathematical coordinate system is determined. The color formula is built by the two-dimensional mathematical matrix. Finally, combined with the coordinate position and color information, the template can be drawn automatically. Findings Based on the size prediction model of warp-knitted garment, the template generation of warp-knitted full-form sportswear on WebGL-enabled web browser is realized, which is proven to be an effective computer-aided design method for warp-knitted garments. Research limitations/implications Because of limited researches, only two groups of yarns and four kinds of jacquard patterns were studied. A vaster database should be built and smooth curve, accurate coordinate needs to be optimized in the further research. Practical implications The size prediction model for warp-knitted jacquard garment and garment template auto-generation of warp-knitted computer-aided design system will simplify the fabric technical design process, shorten design time and improve the efficiency of new product development. Social implications The size prediction model for warp-knitted jacquard garment and garment template auto-generation of warp-knitted computer-aided design system will provide the industries a guidance for new sample development and it also can shorten the development time and lower cost. Originality/value This author analyzes the relationship between the size characteristics and knitting technology of warp-knitted jacquard patterns, proposes a model of size prediction and realizes the auto-drawing of the garment template in the warp-knitted CAD system, which provides a reference for the new product design and development of warp-knitted seamless sportswear.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Substrates and Analyzers You Can Use (2010)

Following the recognition of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effect in 1977, there was an explosion of research aimed at understanding this phenomenon of molecular interactions with nano‐scale particles, and more than 1000 papers were published by 1982. Since the mid‐1990’s there has been a resurgence in SERS‐based research with the detection of single‐molecules and the acknowledgement of “hot‐spots”. These measurements provoked new examination of SERS theory with a focus on the structure of these hot spots: fractal clusters, edges, or inter‐particle gaps.Meanwhile, Real‐Time Analyzers has been developing SERS‐active sample systems and analyzers to exploit this phenomenon for trace chemical analysis. This presentation reviews the analytical capabilities and limitations for many of the SERS‐active substrates, as well as RTA’s metal‐doped sol‐gels. The latter includes the use of the sol‐gels in sample systems and analyzers, and their application to poisons in water supplies, food contamination, drug and explosives detection and proteomics.
Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers as Corrosion Inhibiting Coatings. (1998)

Abstract : The history of conducting polymer research is reviewed and recent results in the area of conducting polymers as corrosion protective coatings are presented and discussed.
Antibody-Independent Protection against Rotavirus Infection of Mice Stimulated by Intranasal Immunization with Chimeric VP4 or VP6 Protein (1999)

This study was to determine whether individual rotavirus capsid proteins could stimulate protection against rotavirus shedding in an adult mouse model. BALB/c mice were intranasally or intramuscularly administered purified Escherichia coli-expressed murine rotavirus strain EDIM VP4, VP6, or truncated VP7 (TrVP7) protein fused to the 42.7-kDa maltose-binding protein (MBP). One month after the last immunization, mice were challenged with EDIM and shedding of rotavirus antigen was measured. When three 9-microg doses of one of the three rotavirus proteins fused to MBP were administered intramuscularly with the saponin adjuvant QS-21, serum rotavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) was induced by each protein. Following EDIM challenge, shedding was significantly (P = 0.02) reduced (i.e., 38%) in MBP::VP6-immunized mice only. Three 9-micrograms doses of chimeric MBP::VP6 or MBP::TrVP7 administered intranasally with attenuated E. coli heat-labile toxin LT(R192G) also induced serum rotavirus IgG, but MBP::VP4 immunization stimulated no detectable rotavirus antibody. No protection against EDIM shedding was observed in the MBP::TrVP7-immunized mice. However, shedding was reduced 93 to 100% following MBP::VP6 inoculation and 56% following MBP::VP4 immunization relative to that of controls (P = <0.001). Substitution of cholera toxin for LT(R192G) as the adjuvant, reduction of the number of doses to 1, and challenge of the mice 3 months after the last immunization did not reduce the level of protection stimulated by intranasal administration of MBP::VP6. When MBP::VP6 was administered intranasally to B-cell-deficient microMt mice that made no rotavirus antibody, shedding was still reduced to <1% of that of controls. These results show that mice can be protected against rotavirus shedding by intranasal administration of individual rotavirus proteins and that this protection can occur independently of rotavirus antibody.
Tendon-Inspired Piezoelectric Sensor for Biometric Application (2020)

In this article, a novel sensing structure is proposed to measure tensile loading. The sensing structure is motivated by the operating principle of the tendon. The fibroelastic characteristic of the tendon is implemented by combining sewing and elastic threads with a piezoelectric material, that is, a tendon-inspired piezoelectric sensor. The mechanical deformation of the tendon-inspired piezoelectric sensor was analyzed by applying tensile loading. Additionally, the electrical response according to the given tensile loading was measured and compared with the theoretical expectation. The experimental results found that the sensor outputs can be represented as a linear function along with elongation in a specific range. Furthermore, the motion-detecting capability of the sensor was demonstrated using body supports with seven tendon-inspired piezoelectric sensors. To show the feasibility of its application, a real-time motion detecting system using a virtual avatar was developed. The avatar showed good synchronization with the subject's upper-limb movements. This study provides insight into the sensing characteristics of the tendon-driven piezoelectric sensor and shows the potential for biometric applications.
Complex lattice reduction algorithms for low-complexity MIMO detection (2005)

Recently, lattice-reduction-aided detectors have been proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to give performance with full diversity like maximum likelihood receiver yet with complexity similar to linear receiver. However, these lattice-reduction-aided detectors are based on the traditional LLL reduction algorithm that was originally introduced for reducing real lattice basis, even though the channel matrices are inherently complex-valued. In this paper, we introduce the complex LLL algorithm for direct application to the channel matrix which naturally defines the basis of a complex lattice. Simulation results reveal that the new complex LLL algorithm can achieve a saving in complexity of nearly 50% over the traditional LLL algorithm, when applied to MIMO detection. We also show that the algorithm can further be accelerated by pre-ordering the basis vectors prior to the lattice reduction. It is noteworthy that the complex LLL algorithms aforementioned incur negligible bit-error-rate performance loss relative to the traditional LLL algorithm.
Light up ClO<sup>−</sup> in live cells using an aza-coumarin based fluorescent probe with fast response and high sensitivity (2015)

Hypochlorous acid (HClO)/hypochlorite (ClO(-)), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key microbicidal agent used for natural defense; however, HClO is also responsible for some human diseases. Although much effort has been made to develop HClO-selective fluorescent probes, many of them display a delayed response time and nanomole-sensitive probes are rare. In this study, we designed and synthesized an aza-coumarin based fluorescent probe AC-ClO for ClO(-) determination with fast response (completed within 2 min) and high sensitivity (detection limit is 25 nM). AC-ClO displayed a color change from pink to light yellow and a remarkable "turn-on" fluorescence response towards ClO(-). Confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that the probe could be applied for the live-cell imaging of exogenous and endogenous ClO(-).
Collaborative Filtering Meets Mobile Recommendation: A User-Centered Approach (2010)

With the increasing popularity of location tracking services such as GPS, more and more mobile data are being accumulated. Based on such data, a potentially useful service is to make timely and targeted recommendations for users on places where they might be interested to go and activities that they are likely to conduct. For example, a user arriving in Beijing might wonder where to visit and what she can do around the Forbidden City. A key challenge for such recommendation problems is that the data we have on each individual user might be very limited, while to make useful and accurate recommendations, we need extensive annotated location and activity information from user trace data. In this paper, we present a new approach, known as user-centered collaborative location and activity filtering (UCLAF), to pull many users’ data together and apply collaborative filtering to find like-minded users and like-patterned activities at different locations. We model the userlocation- activity relations with a tensor representation, and propose a regularized tensor and matrix decomposition solution which can better address the sparse data problem in mobile information retrieval. We empirically evaluate UCLAF using a real-world GPS dataset collected from 164 users over 2.5 years, and showed that our system can outperform several state-of-the-art solutions to the problem.
Electrochemical detection of hybridized DNA using reduction of methylene blue (2005)

One of the important roles of a DNA sensor is the capability of detecting genetic diseases or mutations by analyzing DNA sequences. The electrochemical detection method can be simpler and cheaper than other methods available and hence this method was investigated in this paper. For successful electrochemical detection, several aspects should be considered including chemical treatment of the electrode surface, DNA immobilization on an electrode, hybridization, choice of an intercalator to be bound to double stand DNA selectively, and equipment for detecting and analyzing the output signal. The intercalator bound to double strand DNA results in an electrical current. With the electrochemical detection method, double strand DNA was distinguished from single strand DNA or bare gold electrode by measuring the reduction current of intercalator. Also, it was found that the reduction current of the intercalator is proportional to the concentration of target DNA to be hybridized with probe DNA. Therefore, it is possible to realize a simple and cheap DNA sensor using the electrochemical detection method for DNA sequencing.
A Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Optimized to Detect Multiple HIV Subtypes (2015)

Diagnostic methods for detecting and quantifying HIV RNA have been improving, but efficient methods for point-of-care analysis are still needed, particularly for applications in resource-limited settings. Detection based on reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is particularly useful for this, because when combined with fluorescence-based DNA detection, RT-LAMP can be implemented with minimal equipment and expense. Assays have been developed to detect HIV RNA with RT-LAMP, but existing methods detect only a limited subset of HIV subtypes. Here we report a bioinformatic study to develop optimized primers, followed by empirical testing of 44 new primer designs. One primer set (ACeIN-26), targeting the HIV integrase coding region, consistently detected subtypes A, B, C, D, and G. The assay was sensitive to at least 5000 copies per reaction for subtypes A, B, C, D, and G, with Z-factors of above 0.69 (detection of the minor subtype F was found to be unreliable). There are already rapid and efficient assays available for detecting HIV infection in a binary yes/no format, but the rapid RT-LAMP assay described here has additional uses, including 1) tracking response to medication by comparing longitudinal values for a subject, 2) detecting of infection in neonates unimpeded by the presence of maternal antibody, and 3) detecting infection prior to seroconversion.
A general approach for regularity extraction in datapath circuits (1998)

Inmajority ojhigh-performance custom ICdesigns, designers tuke advantage of the high degTee of Regularitypresent in circuits to generate eficient layouts in terms area and perfomance aswellas to Teducethe design effort. Inthis paper, we present a general and comprehensive approach to extTact functional regularity for datapath ciTcuits from their behavioralor structural HDL descn.ptions. The fundamental step is the generation ofa large set of templates, where a template as a subcircuit with multiple instances in the ciTcuit. Two novel template generation algorithms aTe presented -one fortemplates with a tree structure, andtheother foraspecial class of multi-output templates, called single-p n.ncipaloutput (single-PO) templates, wheTe all outputs of a template are in thetransitive faninof a particular output. The set of template$ generated is complete under a few simplifying, yet practical, assumptions. This is key to obtaining a desirable couerof theciTcuit using templates. Weshow that excellent cover$ are obtained for van"ous circuits, including ISCAS benchmarks. We also demonstrate that the regularitg extracted for these circuits can be used to understand their under[ging structure. We have successfully used our approach to identify bit slices of very large datapath circuits from general-purpose microprocessors.
Vinca Alkaloids XXXII. Microbiological conversions of vindoline, a major alkaloid from <i>vinca rosea</i> L (1973)

Abstract Vindoline, a major alkaloid from Vinca rosea L was subjected to microbiological conversion using Streptomyces cultures. Several new metabolites were isolated and their structures elucidated.
The Nitrate–Nitrite–Nitric Oxide Pathway in Mammals (2011)

Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecules nitrite and nitrate can be metabolized in vivo to form NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides.


Commensal bacteria play a central role in the bioactivation of nitrate in an entero-salivary bioactivation pathway.


A number of nitrite reductase enzymes reduce nitrite to bioactive NO along a physiological oxygen and pH gradient.


Nitrite mediates a number of physiological effects including vasodilation, modulation of mitochondrial function, and protection from ischemia–reperfusion injury.


Modest dietary intake of nitrate reduces blood pressure, inhibits platelet function, prevents endothelial dysfunction after ischemia–reperfusion, and decreases oxygen cost during exercise.


Vegetables protect against cardiovascular disease and diabetes type 2; an effect that may be related to the high nitrate content in this food group.
Uniformity and Retention Improvement of TaO<sub>x</sub>-Based Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory by CuSiN Interfacial Layer Engineering (2017)

Uniformity and retention are crucial aspects for application of conductive bridge random access memory. In this letter, a self-aligned CuSiN interfacial layer was inserted into Cu/TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Ru device to obtain a Cu/CuSiN/ TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Ru structure. Compared with the Cu/TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Ru device, the Cu/CuSiN/TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Ru device shows much improved uniformity of resistance and programming voltage. Higher ON/ OFF ratio of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1000\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> was observed, benefiting from the tight distribution of resistance. The standard deviation of set voltage was minimized from 0.635 to 0.187. Moreover, the low-resistance-state retention was also greatly improved. The uniformity and retention improvement could be well explained by the good controlment of cation injection and localization induced by CuSiN interfacial layer.
New insight into clinical development of nucleic acid aptamers. (2011)

Nucleic acid-based aptamers have been shown as high-affinity ligands and potential antagonists of disease-associated proteins. Aptamers, isolated from combinatorial libraries by an iterative in vitro selection process, discriminate between closely related targets and are characterized by high specificity and low toxicity thus representing a valid alternative to antibodies to target specific proteins of biomedical interest. Moreover, they are non-immunogenic and can be easily stabilized by chemical modifications thus expanding their therapeutic potential. Here, we will focus on the structural and functional features of aptamers that have entered the clinical development pipeline together with those aptamers holding great potential as therapeutics in preclinical studies. The future perspectives of aptamers as therapeutics will be discussed as well.
A Single Fluorescent Probe to Visualize Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydrogen Polysulfides with Different Fluorescence Signals (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and hydrogen polysulfides (H2 Sn , n>1) are endogenous regulators of many physiological processes. In order to better understand the symbiotic relationship and cellular cross-talk between H2 S and H2 Sn , it is highly desirable to develop single fluorescent probes which enable dual-channel discrimination between H2 S and H2 Sn . Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first dual-detection fluorescent probe DDP-1 that can visualize H2 S and H2 Sn with different fluorescence signals. The probe showed high selectivity and sensitivity to H2 S and H2 Sn in aqueous media and in cells.
Laser assisted die bending: a new application of high power diode lasers (2015)

Nowadays high power lasers are mainly used for cutting of sheet metals, for welding, hardening and rapid prototyping. In the forming of sheet metals as bending or deep drawing lasers are not used. Nevertheless a few years ago a new application of high power lasers has been invented, where bending of materials that break at room temperature becomes possible by heating them along the bending edge with high power lasers thus allowing their treatment without cracks and rupture. For this purpose a large number of diode lasers are arranged in the bottom tool of a bending machine (a V-shaped die) which heat up the initially flat sheet metal during the bending process what is performed by pressing it into the die with a knife shaped upper tool where due to the laser heating the material is softened and thus cracks are avoided. For the technical realization of the new process of laser assisted die bending, modules equipped with numerous laser diodes and a total beam power of 2,5 kW are used. The light emitted by these modules enters a tool with a length of 15cm and is deflected towards the workpiece. By using ten of these modules with adjacent dies and by integrating those in a bending press a bending edge of sheet metals with a length of 1500mm can be realized. Such a bending press with laser assistance also needs energization with a power of practically 50kW, a respective water flow, a heat exchanger system and also a control for all functions of this system. Special measures have also been developed to avoid radiating of those tools that are not covered by a workpiece in the case of bending edges shorter than the full length of the bending tools whereas individual short circuiting of diode modules can be performed. Specific measures to ensure a safe operation without any harm to the operational person have been realized. Exploitation of the bending process has been carried out for titanium, where material thicknesses up to 3mm have been bent successfully.