gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Matrix Composition and Resilience: Two Parameters that Influence the in Vitro Migration and Morphology of Rat Inner Cell Mass-Derived Cells1 (1993)

Parietal endodermal (PE) migration along rat trophectodermal (TE) cells coincides with the deposition of Reichert's membrane between these two cell layers. In this study, we compared the influences of fibronectin and laminin, two components of Reichert's membrane, on the migration and replication of PE-like cells from cultured rat inner cell masses (ICMs). We also explored the role of substrate nondeformability by comparing cell translocation on gels versus coatings of Matrigel (a tumor cell-derived basement membrane preparation) or of collagen. ICMs, isolated by immunosurgery from Day 5 blastocysts, were cultured on coatings of collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, collagen I, or Matrigel, or on gels of the latter two substrates. Minimal laminin or fibronectin coating concentrations of 2.5 micrograms/ml were required for ICM attachment and cell migration. Migration was similar during the first 48 h of culture on fibronectin and on laminin; however, by 72 h, the extent of cell translocation on fibronectin was greater (1.5- to 2-fold) than that measured on laminin. Fibronectin-cultured ICM-derived cell clusters also contained 1.5- to 2-fold more cells than those on laminin. Migration did not occur on undiluted gels of Matrigel but was supported by diluted (1:10 and 1:20) Matrigel coatings. Similarly, cell migration on coatings of collagen IV reached almost 3-fold that measured on collagen I gels. Most of the cells migrating on fibronectin or collagen (I or IV) were flattened and elongated. In contrast, a high proportion of the cells migrating on laminin or Matrigel coatings were tall and rounded, with thin cytoplasmic extensions. Fibronectin- and collagen IV-cultured cells stained strongly for both collagen IV and laminin, but contained no fibronectin. In contrast, laminin-cultured cells contained fibronectin but were less immunoreactive for laminin and collagen IV. These findings indicate that substrate composition and resilience influence the in vitro migration and morphology of ICM-derived PE-like cells. A role for the TE cells in anchoring Reichert's membrane during development of the PE cell layer within the blastocyst is postulated. Furthermore, the sensitivity of cell morphology and differentiation to individual basement membrane components provides a potential key mechanism whereby an emerging basement membrane can regulate cell migration and differentiation, two fundamental processes that occur throughout embryonic development.
Temperature programme reduction (TPR) studies of cobalt phases in -alumina supported cobalt catalysts (2016)

Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) is one of the techniques for obtaining information about phases or bulk species in heterogeneous catalysts. Information from TPR analysis can give insights about phase-support interaction and extent of reduction of the phases at different temperatures. TPR technique is a common tool in the characterisation of cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts. However, interpretation of TPR profiles of γ-alumina supported cobalt FT catalysts had been characterised with different views on the nature of phases and reduction processes involved. In this report, we use reduction behaviour of unsupported Co3O4 to gain insight for more explicit analysis of TPR profiles of γ-alumina supported Co3O4 catalysts. The transition Co3O4 → CoO → Co in γ-alumina supported catalysts prepared with wet impregnation with aqueous cobalt nitrate and calcined at temperatures ≤ 350°C gave reduction peaks at 300 to 350°C. Reduction peaks at 500 to 600°C were due to Co-Al mixed oxide phases; most likely Co2AlO4 and probably routes formation of the mixed oxide were also discussed. Consideration of tendency of dissolution of γ-alumina during the impregnation of metal salt is instructive toward achieving higher reducibility of Co3O4 in the design of cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.   Key words: Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) profile, calcinations, Co3O4, γ-Al2O3, Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
Endogenous IFN-γ Production Is Induced and Required for Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Chlamydial Infection in Neonatal Mice (2008)

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in neonates, not adults, has been associated with the development of chronic respiratory sequelae. Adult chlamydial infections induce Th1-type responses that subsequently clear the infection, whereas the neonatal immune milieu in general has been reported to be biased toward Th2-type responses. We examined the protective immune responses against intranasal Chlamydia muridarum challenge in 1-day-old C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Infected C57BL/6 pups displayed earlier chlamydial clearance (day 14) compared with BALB/c pups (day 21). However, challenged C57BL/6 pups exhibited prolonged deficits in body weight gain (days 12-30) compared with BALB/c pups (days 9-12), which correlated with continual pulmonary cellular infiltration. Both strains exhibited a robust Th1-type response, including elevated titers of serum antichlamydial IgG2a and IgG2b, not IgG1, and elevated levels of splenic C. muridarum-specific IFN-gamma, not IL-4, production. Additionally, elevated IFN-gamma, not IL-4 expression, was observed locally in the infected lungs of both mouse strains. The immune responses in C57BL/6 pups were significantly greater compared with BALB/c pups after chlamydial challenge. Importantly, infected mice deficient in IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma receptor demonstrated enhanced chlamydial dissemination, and 100% of animals died by 2 wk postchallenge. Collectively, these results indicate that neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infection induces a robust Th1-type response, with elevated pulmonary IFN-gamma production, and that endogenous IFN-gamma is important in protection against this infection. The enhanced IFN-gamma induction in the immature neonatal lung also may be relevant to the development of respiratory sequelae in adult life.
Quantum computation and Shor's factoring algorithm (1996)

Current technology is beginning to allow us to manipulate rather than just observe individual quantum phenomena. This opens up the possibility of exploiting quantum effects to perform computations beyond the scope of any classical computer. Recently Peter Shor discovered an efficient algorithm for factoring whole numbers, which uses characteristically quantum effects. The algorithm illustrates the potential power of quantum computation, as there is no known efficient classical method for solving this problem. The authors give an exposition of Shor's algorithm together with an introduction to quantum computation and complexity theory. They discuss experiments that may contribute to its practical implementation. [S0034-6861(96)00303-0]
A Review on Methods and Devices for Force Platforms Calibration in Medical Applications (2018)

Nowadays force platforms are widely employed both for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring the execution of motor tasks such as stance, both static and perturbed, and gait. Moreover, even if a clinical assessment based on the knowledge of the forces the patients can exchange with the environment can be useful, some guidelines are needed to determine the practical limitations of the measurements for motion analysis and postural control. In particular, in situ calibration is a fundamental practice especially when the force platforms are either used as reference or are connected with other devices in the measurement chain. Several calibration procedures for force platforms have been proposed in the literature, some of them dealing with only one force component, others with all the force and moment components, and some research groups have also developed and tested some innovative devices or introduced some corrective equations, performing either static or dynamic calibration.
Identification of Novel Biomarkers in Pediatric Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Ependymomas by Proteome-Wide Analysis (2007)

The aim of this study was to identify aberrantly expressed proteins in pediatric primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) and ependymomas. Tumor tissue of 29 PNET and 12 ependymoma patients was subjected to 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Gel analysis resulted in 79 protein spots being differentially expressed between PNETs and ependymomas (p < 0.01, fold change difference in expression >2). Three proteins, stathmin, annexin A1, and calcyphosine, were chosen for validation by immunohistochemistry. Stathmin was expressed 2.6-fold higher in PNETs than in ependymomas, and annexin A1 and calcyphosine were expressed 2.5- and 37.6-fold higher, respectively, in ependymomas. All PNETs showed strong staining for stathmin, and all ependymomas were strongly positive for annexin A1, whereas control tissues were negative. Calcyphosine immunoreactivity was observed in 59% of the ependymomas and was most profound in ependymoma tissue showing epithelial differentiation. mRNA expression levels of stathmin, annexin A1, and calcyphosine significantly correlated (Rs = 0.65 [p < 0.0001], Rs = 0.50 [p = 0.001], and Rs = 0.72 [p < 0.0001], respectively) with protein expression levels. In conclusion, using a proteome-wide approach, stathmin, annexin A1, and calcyphosine were successfully identified as tumor-specific proteins in pediatric PNETs and ependymomas. Ongoing studies are focused on characterizing the role of these proteins as tumor markers and potential drug targets in pediatric brain tumors.
New Thermo Thickening Associative Polymer System Pushes Limits of Surfactant Gels (2011)

Abstract When viscoelastic fluids systems first appeared, they provided a very good non-damaging no polymer option for many tight gas applications. These fluids were operationally simplistic with only a few additives, usually less than five. However, they are temperature limited to about 140°F as a single fluid. For temperatures to about 220°F you have to foam with gas (carbon dioxide (CO2) or nitrogen (N2), usually 65 to 75 quality (Q) in order to achieve stability with adequate viscosity. In addition the typical VES systems do not have very good friction reduction because at high shear they tend to behave more like water. The new thermo thickening system raises the temperature limit for traditional VES fluids. Rheology testing exhibits good structure along with viscosity. The time necessary to gel with temperature can be accelerated and delayed chemically. Although it does contain a polymer, regain conductivity tests show very high numbers usually associated with VES fluids. The system also exhibits unique traits of clay control, surfactant properties and fluid loss. The system also has the potential to extend further as a foamed fluid. This project will show laboratory testing results and a field test case history of this new and unique fluid system.
In Silico Discovery of Candidate Drugs against Covid-19 (2020)

Previous studies reported that Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cell receptor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It plays a key role in the access of the virus into the cell to produce the final infection. In the present study we investigated in silico the basic mechanism of <i>ACE2</i> in the lung and provided evidences for new potentially effective drugs for Covid-19. Specifically, we used the gene expression profiles from public datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis to investigate the main functions of <i>ACE2</i>-correlated genes. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network containing the genes co-expressed with <i>ACE2</i>. Finally, we focused on the genes in the network that are already associated with known drugs and evaluated their role for a potential treatment of Covid-19. Our results demonstrate that the genes correlated with <i>ACE2</i> are mainly enriched in the sterol biosynthetic process, Aryldialkylphosphatase activity, adenosylhomocysteinase activity, trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity, acetate-CoA and CoA ligase activity. We identified a network of 193 genes, 222 interactions and 36 potential drugs that could have a crucial role. Among possible interesting drugs for Covid-19 treatment, we found Nimesulide, Fluticasone Propionate, Thiabendazole, Photofrin, Didanosine and Flutamide.
The Joint EDI-FASID Program and the six activities delivered under its auspices between fiscal years 1991 and 1993 : evaluation report (1998)

The joint program in economic and social development of the Economic Development Institute (EDI) and the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID) was organized in 1990. The programs' objectives were to provide 'training in the analytical, planning, and management techniques required by both donors and recipients for the efficient selection, evaluation, and implementation of development projects' and to 'help participants understand the economic, financial, political, and sectoral contexts within which projects are selected and implemented.' The program consisted of a series of courses that were two to five weeks in length; it was intended to benefit two groups: (1) government officials and managerial personnel from the private sector in developing or transitional countries, and (2) Japanese government officials currently or potentially involved in administering Japan's program in development cooperation. Planning and implementing these courses was also expected to strengthen the capacities, expertise, and reputations of FASID and EDI.
Fumigant Insecticidal Activity and Repellent Effect of Five Essential Oils and Seven Monoterpenes on First-Instar Nymphs of<i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fumigant and repellent activity of five essential oils (from eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, mint, and orange oil) and seven monoterpenes (eucalyptol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, menthone, linalyl acetate, and menthyl acetate) on first-instar nymphs of the bloodsucking bug Rhodnius prolixus Stahl (vector of Chagas disease in several Latin American countries). Fumigant activity was evaluated by exposing the nymphs to the vapors emitted by 100 microl of essential oil or monoterpene in a closed recipient. The knockdown time 50% (KT50) for eucalyptus essential oil was 215.6 min (seven times less toxic than dichlorvos, a volatile organophosphorus insecticide used as a positive control). The remaining essential oils showed a poor fumigant activity: < 50% of nymphs were knocked down after 540 min of exposure. The KT50 values for monoterpenes, expressed in minutes, were as follows: 117.2 (eucalyptol), 408.7 (linalool), 474.0 (menthone), and 484.2 (limonene). Eucalyptol was 3.5 times less toxic than dichlorvos. No affected nymphs were observed after 540 min of exposure to geraniol, linalyl acetate, or menthyl acetate. Repellency was quantified using a video tracking system. Two concentrations of essential oils or monoterpenes were studied (40 and 400 microg/cm2). Only mint and lavender essential oils produced a light repellent effect at 400 microg/cm2. Geraniol and menthyl acetate produced a repellent effect at both tested concentrations and menthone only elicited an effect at 400 microg/cm2. In all cases, the repellent effect was lesser than that produced by the broad-spectrum insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET).
Crosspower (2020)

Despite the ubiquity of direct manipulation techniques available in computer-aided design applications, creating digital content remains a tedious and indirect task. This is because applications require users to perform numerous low-level editing operations rather than allowing them to directly indicate high-level design goals. Yet, the creation of graphic content, such as videos, animations, and presentations often begins with a description of design goals in natural language, such as screenplays, scripts, outlines. Therefore, there is an opportunity for language-oriented authoring, i.e., leveraging the information found in the structure of a language to facilitate the creation of graphic content. We present a systematic exploration of the identification, graphic description, and interaction with various linguistic structures to assist in the creation of visual content. The prototype system, Crosspower, and its proposed interaction techniques, enables content creators to indicate and customize their desired visual content in a flexible and direct manner.
P/Z Abnormally Pressured Gas Reservoirs (1981)

ABSTRACT The P/Z versus cumulative gas production plot is a commonly accepted method used to obtain original gas in place in volumetric (no water drive) gas reservoirs. Many petroleum engineers apply this method to abnormally pressured reservoirs which can lead to errors of up to 100% in the original gas in place extrapolation. The problem is that the conventional P/Z plot in abnormally pressured reservoirs must be adjusted for rock and water compressibility to obtain reasonable estimates of original gas in place. A normally pressured reservoir will have an initial pressure gradient between 0.43 and 0.50 psi/ft. Reservoirs with pressure gradients greater than this are abnormally pressured. In the Gulf Coast area of Louisiana and Texas, pressure gradients can be very close to overburden pressure gradients with some of the gas reservoirs having gradients of 0.85 psi/ft. or higher. In abnormally pressured reservoirs the reservoir fluids support additional pressure as is evident by pressure gradients of 0.85 psi/ft. The gas compressibility can actually approach formation compressibility in abnormally pressured reservoirs. This makes it important to include both formation and water compressibility in the P/Z plots when trying to estimate original gas in place in abnormally pressured reservoirs. This paper presents a new technique for predicting performance of an abnormally pressured gas reservoir. This method maintains the old straight line relationship for conventional P/Z's in normally pressured reservoirs and allows direct extrapolation of original gas in place in abnormally pressured reservoirs by accounting for rock and water compressibility in the adjustment factor term. Thus, in abnormally pressured reservoirs, the early prediction of original gas in place from the P/Z curve is one of the main reasons for using this method. This method has been successfully applied to three abnormally pressured reservoirs. They are the North Ossun Field in Louisiana, the Anderson "L" gas reservoir in South Texas, and to a Louisiana offshore gas reservoir. The results of the application of the new method and a comparison of predicted performance in abnormally pressured reservoirs using this technique and the conventional P/Z method will be presented in this paper.
Sustained response to recombinant human erythropoietin and intermittent all-trans retinoic acid in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (2002)

In vitro studies suggest that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synergizes with erythropoietin (EPO) for the stimulation of hematopoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A clinical trial was performed to evaluate whether a combination of these agents was effective in relieving the cytopenias associated with MDS. Twenty-seven patients with low- or intermediate-risk MDS were enrolled in a 12-week study. ATRA was administered orally at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) per day in 2 divided doses for 7 consecutive days every other week. Recombinant human EPO was given subcutaneously 3 times a week. The EPO dose was initiated at 150 U/kg and was increased to 300 U/kg if after 6 weeks there was no or there was suboptimal erythroid response. Patients who responded to therapy were continued on ATRA and EPO at the same doses for 6 additional months (extension phase). Further treatment was given to patients with a continued response. Clinically significant erythroid responses with increases of hemoglobin levels of at least 1 g/dL or reduction of transfusion needs were seen in 13 (48%) patients, with 4 showing improved responses after dose escalation of EPO. Ten (37%) patients displayed continued responses during 6 months of extended treatment, and 7 (26%) are still responsive after a follow-up period of 13 months. Neutrophil responses were observed in 5 of 12 patients with neutropenia, and platelet responses were observed in 6 of 9 patients with thrombocytopenia. Three patients displayed trilineage responses that were sustained during continuation therapy. Side effects were observed in all patients but were of mild entity and did not require discontinuation of therapy. It is concluded that the combination ATRA + EPO is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with low- and intermediate-risk MDS. The optimal ATRA and EPO schedule and the role of maintenance treatment remain to be determined and warrant further investigation.
Incretin-Based Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

This review article focuses on the therapeutic potential of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion and inappropriately regulated glucagon secretion which in combination eventually result in hyperglycemia and in the longer term microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications. Traditional treatment modalities--even multidrug approaches--for T2DM are often unsatisfactory at getting patients to glycemic goals as the disease progresses due to a steady, relentless decline in pancreatic beta-cell function. Furthermore, current treatment modalities are often limited by inconvenient dosing regimens, safety and tolerability issues, the latter including hypoglycemia, body weight gain, edema and gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the actions of GLP-1 and GIP, which include potentation of meal-induced insulin secretion and trophic effects on the beta-cell, have attracted a lot of interest. GLP-1 also inhibits glucagon secretion, and suppresses food intake and appetite. Two new drug classes based on the actions of the incretin hormones have recently been approved for therapy of T2DM; injectable long-acting stable analogues of GLP-1, incretin mimetics, and orally available inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; the enzyme responsible for the rapid degradation of GLP-1 and GIP), the so-called incretin enhancers. This review article focuses on these two new classes of antidiabetic agents and will outline the scientific basis for the development of incretin mimetics and incretin enhancers, review clinical experience gathered so far and discuss future expectations for incretin-based therapy.
Evaluation of the haemostatic potential of factor VIII‐heparin cofactor II hybrid proteins in a mouse model (2003)

We constructed factor VIII-heparin cofactor II (FVIII-HCII) hybrid molecules, which are more readily activated by thrombin in vitro than the respective wild-type molecules. The hybrid proteins were tested in a murine model of haemophilia A to investigate their haemostatic efficacy in vivo. Bleeding characteristics, measured using standard tail-tip cutting techniques, were total blood loss, bleeding time and survival rate. FVIII-HCII hybrids were found to be effective in preventing bleeding in FVIII knockout mice. While in vitro experiments showed that the chimaeric molecules had higher haemostatic functions than the wild-type proteins, the variables analysed in vivo were similar for both proteins.