gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic study of the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence after oral intensive or repeated short term treatment with two polyamino acid formulations. (1993)

The authors studied the relative bioequivalence and bioavailability of two oral polyamino-acid formulations (packet and flacon), based on 4 amino acids (L-glutamine, L-phosphoserine, L-phosphothreonine and L-arginine) in association with vitamin B12 (Bio-logos, Sigma Tau Pharma S.A). Open-trial testing was carried out after intensive treatment and on the attainment of sustained levels. 50 healthy volunteers (27 males, 23 females), ranging in age from 23 to 32 years, were included in the study. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the various active ingredients was examined at a haematic level. Possible undesirable side-effects, resulting from treatment, were also examined during the study. The mean pharmacokinetic constants considered (Ke1, Cmax and t1/2) generated an almost overlapping AUC (area under the curves) for all homologous components contained in both pharmaceutical forms. This indicates almost complete bioequivalence. The mean index for the rate of relative bioavailability was, in fact, estimated to be 106.3 +/- 12.4%. Repeated treatment did not appear to disturb the absorption mechanisms of the active ingredients contained in either of the two formulations examined, maintaining the relative bioavailability relationship within a negligible range, with a statistically non-significant difference (Student's t test for coupled data). A few episodes, characterized by slight increases in excitability, were reported for both preparations in two patients (4%).
The 1992 Alcan Award Lecture Excursions around the periodic table: ligand design in inorganic chemistry (1992)

An overview is given on the strategy used to come up with the design of a new type of ligand that is appropriate for coordination to both the late metals and the early metals. The coordination chemistry of the potentially tridentate ligand − N(SiMe 2 CH 2 PR 2 ) 2 is developed starting with the Ni triad and then the heavier members of group 9, namely rhodium and iridium. It is with iridium that reactive fragments such as methylene and vinylidene have been stabilized and their chemistry examined. Extension to groups 3, 4, and the lanthanides is also discussed. With these elements, phosphine coordination imparts new reactivity patterns such as alkane elimination with group 3 and dinitrogen activation with group 4. In addition, the side-on binding mode for N 2 attached to a dinuclear zirconium system is also presented.
Evidence Against Reduction of Cu<sup>2+</sup> to Cu<sup>+</sup> during Dioxygen Activation in a Copper Amine Oxidase from Yeast (2000)

The role of metal in copper amine oxidases was studied by removal and replacement of the copper in the enzyme from Hansenula polymorpha. The active-site cupric ion was reduced with the substrate, methylamine, and removed by anaerobic dialysis against cyanide and EDTA. Metal-free protein was found to have little or no activity in oxidizing methylamine and was unreactive toward phenylhydrazine. Addition of cobaltous ion to the metal-free protein restored 19% of the native specific activity and 75% of the native reactivity toward phenylhydrazine. A detailed kinetic study of the cobalt-substituted amine oxidase revealed that the major cause of the reduced specific activity was a 68-fold increase in the apparent Km for oxygen. Saturation of the cobalt enzyme with oxygen gave a kcat equivalent to the native kcat. This study of a cobalt-substituted amine oxidase supports the mechanism proposed by Su and Klinman [Su; Klinman Biochemistry 1998, 37, 12513−12525] in which electrons are passed directly from the reduced TPQ cofactor into pre-bound oxygen without the need for a prior reduction of the metal. Instead of transferring electrons, copper is proposed to provide electrostatic stabilization during a rate-limiting reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide anion.
Bandwidth bandit (2012)

Applications that are co-scheduled on a multi-core compete for shared resources, such as cache capacity and memory bandwidth. The performance degradation resulting from this contention can be substantial, which makes it important to effectively manage these shared resources. This, however, requires quantitative insight into how applications are impacted by such contention.
Comparison of quasi-static and non-quasi-static capacitance models for the four-terminal MOSFET (1987)

Analytic comparison of quasi-static and non-quasi-static capacitance models is performed for the four-terminal MOSFET with the bulk charge effect included under all operating regimes (weak, moderate, and strong inversion). It is shown that, with the use of a linearized bulk charge density, the Ward quasi-static charge-based approach [2] is equivalent to the non-quasi-static solution [5] in terms of the capacitances calculated at low frequencies. Such a mathematical link between the two approaches may be crucial toward developing high-frequency models for transient analysis.
Ultraviolet plumage reflectance distinguishes sibling bird species (2004)

Realistic studies of plumage color need to consider that many birds can see near-UV light, which normal humans cannot perceive. Although previous investigations have revealed that UV-based plumage reflectance is an important component of various intraspecific social signals, the contribution of UV signals to inter-specific divergence and speciation in birds remains largely unexplored. I describe an avian example of an interspecific phenomenon in which related sympatric species that appear similar to humans (sibling species) differ dramatically in the UV. Both UV video images and physical reflectance spectra indicate that the dorsal plumage of the tanager Anisognathus notabilis has a strong UV-limited reflectance band that readily distinguishes this species from its sibling congener Anisognathus flavinuchus. The main human-visible distinction between A. notabilis (olive back) and coexisting A. flavinuchus (black back) also occurs among different geographic populations of A. flavinuchus. Notably, however, olive- and black-backed taxa interbreed (differentiated populations of A. flavinuchus) unless the additional UV distinction is present (A. notabilis vs. A. flavinuchus). Thus, UV-based reflectance can be an essential component of plumage divergence that relates to reproductive isolation, a key attribute of biological species.
Spherical Methods for Spatial Interpolation: Review and Evaluation (1997)

Global change research has placed new demands on methods of spatial analysis. In particular, spherical methods for spatial interpolation are required when spatial analyses are performed over large areas of the Earth's surface. In this article, spherical spatial interpolation procedures are reviewed, compared, and evaluated. Three classes of spherical interpolants are evaluated in detail: distance weighting, functional minimization, and tesselation. The strengths and weaknesses of a method from each of these classes—inverse-distance weighting, thin-plate splines, and surfaces fit to triangulated patches—are evaluated using a hypothetical mathematical surface and a global scale representation of topography. For smooth functions, such as the hypothetical mathematical surface, thin-plate splines produce a visually pleasing surface and have low interpolation error. For non-smooth surfaces, such as global topography, inverse-distance weighting, interpolating thin-plate splines, and triangulated C0 patches appear to handle rapid surface changes well. When choosing a spherical interpolant, the properties of the data being analyzed (e.g., smoothness, spatial coherence, etc.) must be taken into account. In addition, multivariate interpolation should be considered when related, ancillary data are available at higher spatial resolution than the original data.
Chain Extension of Polyamide 6 Using Bisoxazoline Coupling Agents (2008)

The chain extension behaviors of 2,2′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(2-oxazoline) (MPBO) and 2,2′-bis(2-oxazoline) (BOZ) were studied to evaluate the coupling effect on polyamide 6 (PA6) in a Haake Rheocord mixer and an extruder. The coupling results showed that there existed an optimal dosage of chain extender, lack of which caused deficiency of chain extension and excess of which led to more blocking reaction. The effect of chain extension with MPBO was shown to be inferior to BOZ. When the optimum amount of chain extenders was added in PA6, the intrinsic viscosity of the polyamide 6 increased from 1.632dl/g to 1.787dl/g(MPBO) and 2.031dl/g(BOZ), respectively. The reaction time decreased very fast with an increase in the temperature. The chain-extended products dissociated at high temperature; the degradation is suggested to proceed from the onset of the chain extension reaction, as do the coupling and blocking reactions. Furthermore, the effects of MPBO and BOZ on the thermal and mechanical properties of chain-extended PA6 were also investigated.
Ambiguous Base Pairing of 1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-Ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide During PCR (1997)

Abstract The use of 5′-triphosphate of 1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (dYTP) in DNA amplification reaction in place of dATP or dGTP yielded mutations frequencies of 3–4×10−2 per base per amplification. A reasonable proportion of transversions (11–15%) was observed in the absence of deletions and insertions.
Formulation and optimization of cubic polynomial joint trajectories for mechanical manipulators (1982)

Because of physical constraints, the optimum control of industrial robots is a difficult problem. An alternative approach is to divide the problem into two parts: optimum path planning for off-line processing followed by on-line path tracking. The path tracking can be achieved by adopting the existing approach. The path planning is done at the joint level. Cubic spline functions are used for constructing joint trajectories for mechanical manipulators. The motion of the manipulator is specified by a sequence of Cartesian knots, i.e. positions and orientations of the hand. For a 6-joint manipulator, these Cartesian knots are transformed into six sets of joint values, with each set corresponding to a joint. Piece-wise cubic polynomials are used to fit the sequence of joint values for each of the six joints. The problem is proved to be uniquely solvable. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed to schedule the time periods between each pair of adjacent knots such that the total traveling time is minimized subject to the physical constraints on joint velocities, accelerations, and jerks. FORTRAN programs have been written to implement (1) the procedure for constructing the cubic polynomial joint trajectories and (2) the algorithm for minimizing the traveling time. Results are given as an illustration.
Acid ceramidase inhibition: a novel target for cancer therapy (2007)

During the last decade, sphingolipid deregulation, namely the balance between the pro-apoptotic molecule ceramide and the anti-apoptotic sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate, has emerged as an important factor in cancer pathology and resistance to therapy. Thus, our research has been focused on developing drugs that are able to restore normal sphingolipid balance, precisely through increasing the levels of ceramide and decreasing sphingosine-1-phosphate. Particularly, inhibition of the ceramide metabolizing enzyme acid ceramidase, whose over-expression in cancer cells has been implicated in resistance to treatment, is proving to be an efficient and promising strategy. In this review, we consider our recent work with acid ceramidase inhibitors, in combination with radiation or gene therapy as a sensitizer that enhance cancer therapy.
Proposed Spin Amplification for Magnetic Sensors Employing Crystal Defects (2011)

Recently there have been several theoretical and experimental studies of the prospects for magnetic field sensors based on crystal defects, especially nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Such systems could potentially be incorporated into an atomic force microscopy-like apparatus in order to map the magnetic properties of a surface at the single spin level. In this Letter we propose an augmented sensor consisting of an NV center for readout and an "amplifier" spin system that directly senses the local magnetic field. Our calculations show that this hybrid structure has the potential to detect magnetic moments with a sensitivity and spatial resolution far beyond that of a simple NV center, and indeed this may be the physical limit for sensors of this class.
Experimental Studies on the Effect of Mechanical Cleaning Devices on Annular Cuttings Concentration and Applications for Optimizing ERD Systems (2010)

Abstract In horizontal and highly deviated portions of an Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well, cuttings beds form on the low-side of the annulus. The bed partially blocks the annulus resulting in excessive pressure loss and a higher equivalent circulating density (ECD) that is exacerbated by the increase in length of the annulus. This condition limits hole-cleaning capabilities. As a result, selecting favorable drilling parameters is not always sufficient to overcome the hole cleaning problem. Recently, the use of downhole Mechanical Cleaning Devices (MCDs) has been introduced to the industry to mitigate the problem without inducing excessive ECD. Although the use of these tools is increasing, very limited studies have been conducted to optimize their performance. This paper presents results of an experimental study that was carried out to evaluate cuttings removal efficiency of MCDs and applications of MCDs for optimizing ERD systems. Experiments were carried out in a large-scale flow loop that has an 8-inch transparent test section. Three different drillpipe sizes were considered in the investigation. The Taguchi approach was implemented to reduce the number of experiments while covering the most relevant parameters such as flow rate, ROP, diameter ratio, tool design and drillpipe rotation speed. For each test, the amount of cuttings accumulated in the test section was determined from weight measurements. Results indicate that the tools significantly reduce the amount of cuttings in the annulus, especially around the MCDs, compared to locations where there is no tool. Experimental results were evaluated to obtain the overall effect of operating parameters on annular cuttings concentration and develop correlations. The results show that the flow rate and inclination angle have the most significant impact. The correlations are useful to develop an analytical model for designing and optimizing drilling systems with MCDs, either in terms of operating parameters or drillstring design.
Impact of Nanoclays on the Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites (2018)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a well-known biodegradable and compostable polymer, was used in this study as a model system to determine if the addition of nanoclays affects its biodegradation in simulated composting conditions and whether the nanoclays impact the microbial population in a compost environment. Three different nanoclays were studied due to their different surface characteristics but similar chemistry: organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT), Halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and Laponite® RD (LRD). Additionally, the organo-modifier of MMT, methyl, tallow, bis-2-hydroxyethyl, quaternary ammonium (QAC), was studied. PLA and PLA bio-nanocomposite (BNC) films were produced, characterized, and used for biodegradation evaluation with an in-house built direct measurement respirometer (DMR) following the analysis of evolved CO2 approach. A biofilm formation essay and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate microbial attachment on the surface of PLA and BNCs. The results obtained from four different biodegradation tests with PLA and its BNCs showed a significantly higher mineralization of the films containing nanoclay in comparison to the pristine PLA during the first three to four weeks of testing, mainly attributed to the reduction in the PLA lag time. The effect of the nanoclays on the initial molecular weight during processing played a crucial role in the evolution of CO2. PLA-LRD5 had the greatest microbial attachment on the surface as confirmed by the biofilm test and the SEM micrographs, while PLA-QAC0.4 had the lowest biofilm formation that may be attributed to the inhibitory effect also found during the biodegradation test when the QAC was tested by itself.
Liminaires (2012)

À mon épouse Marie-Prune,(presque) toujours patiente. Portrait d’Alexandre RadichtchevPage de titre du Voyage de Pétersbourg à Moscou
PHOTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTES: THE CYANOBACTERIA (1977)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Detection of prolactin messenger RNA in mammary and other normal and neoplastic tissues by polymerase chain reaction. (1993)

These results indicate that PRL gene expression is present in normal and neoplastic mammary and other tissues and can be readily detected by RT-PCR.
Expression, engineering and characterization of the tumor-targeting heterodimeric immunocytokine F8-IL12 (2010)

Proinflammatory cytokines have been used for several years in patients with advanced cancer but their administration is typically associated with severe toxicity hampering their application to therapeutically active regimens. This problem can be overcome by using immunocytokines (cytokines fused to antibody or antibody fragments) which selectively deliver the active cytokine to the tumor environment. Preclinical and recent clinical results confirmed that this approach is a very promising avenue to go. We designed an immunocytokine consisting of the scFv(F8) specific to extra-domain A of fibronectin and the very potent human cytokine interleukin-12 (IL12). The heterodimeric nature of IL12 allows the engineering of various immunocytokine formats, based on different combinations of the two subunits (p35 and p40) together with the scFv. In comparison to monomeric or homodimeric cytokines, the construction of a heterodimeric immunocytokine poses many challenges, e.g. gene dosing, stable high-yield expression as well as good manufacture practice (GMP) purification and characterization. In this paper, we describe the successful construction, characterization and production of the heterodimeric immunocytokine F8-IL12. The positive outcome of this feasibility study leads now to GMP production of F8-IL12, which will soon enter clinical trials.
The Special Field of Neuroplastic Surgery (2020)

∗Section of Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery †Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Chad R. Gordon, DO, FACS, Section Chief, Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, JHOC, 8th Floor, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287; E-mail: [email protected] Received 14 June, 2020 Accepted 18 June, 2020 Under a licensing agreement between Longeviti Neuro Solutions and the Johns Hopkins University, both the University and Dr Gordon are entitled to royalty distributions on future technologies described in this publication. Dr Gordon is a cofounder of Longeviti Neuro Solutions, owns equity in the company, and is a paid consultant to the company. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies.
Bricolage Programming in the Creative Arts (2022)

In this paper we consider artists who create their work by writing algorithms, which when interpreted by a computer generates their plotted drawings, synthesised music, animated digital video, or whatever target medium they have chosen. We examine the demands that such artists place upon their environments, the relationships between concepts and algorithms, and of cognition and computation. We begin by considering an artist's creative process, and situating it within the bricolage style of programming. An embodied view of bricolage programming is related, underpinned by theories of cognitive metaphor and computational creativity, and finally with consideration of the bricolage programmer's relation to time.
Growth of Human T-Cell Lineage Acute Leukemia in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Mice and Non-obese Diabetic SCID Mice (1997)

Primary leukemic cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be injected intravenously into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) to create a model of human leukemia. Leukemic cells disseminate to murine tissues in a clinicopathologic pattern similar to that seen in humans. Thus far, reports of engraftment of lymphoid leukemia in SCID mice have mainly been from patients with B-cell lineage ALL, for which engraftment occurs more frequently with cells from high-risk patients. There are few data on the engraftment of T-cell lineage ALL in SCID mice. Leukemic cells from 19 patients (16 adult and three pediatric) with T-cell lineage ALL were injected into SCID mice, with overt engraftment of 12 cases (63%). Engraftment of leukemia in SCID mice was associated with earlier death due to leukemia of the patient donors (P < .01, log-rank test). The recently developed non-obese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mouse may expand the uses of the SCID model. Cells from the seven patients with T-cell lineage ALL that failed to cause leukemia in SCID mice were injected into NOD/SCID mice. Overt leukemia engraftment was observed in all seven cases. Thus, growth of human T-cell lineage ALL cells in SCID mice was associated with a high-risk patient group. However, this association was not observed when NOD/SCID mice were used, suggesting that this model would no longer predict patients likely to die early of leukemia, but may provide a more realistic system for studying the biology and treatment of the disease.
Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training (2005)

Agnosia, the impairment in object and face recognition despite intact vision and intelligence, is one of the most intriguing and debilitating neuropsychological deficits. The goal of this study was to determine whether S.M., an individual with longstanding visual agnosia and concomitant prosopagnosia, can be retrained to perform visual object recognition and, if so, what neural substrates mediate this reacquisition. Additionally, of interest is the extent to which training on one type of visual stimulus generalizes to other visual stimuli, as this informs our understanding of the organization of ventral visual cortex. Greebles were chosen as the stimuli for retraining given that, in neurologically normal individuals, these stimuli can engage the fusiform face area. Posttraining, S.M. showed significant improvement in recognizing Greebles, although he did not attain normal levels of performance. He was also able to recognize untrained Greebles and showed improvement in recognizing common objects. Surprisingly, his performance on face recognition, albeit poor initially, was even more impaired following training. A comparison of pre- and postintervention functional neuroimaging data mirrored the behavioral findings: Face-selective voxels in the fusiform gyrus prior to training were no longer so and were, in fact, more Greeble-selective. The findings indicate potential for experience-dependent dynamic reorganization in agnosia with the possibility that residual neural tissue, with limited capacity, will compete for representations.