gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Real-time passive millimeter-wave imaging</title> (1998)

This paper discusses the issues that need to be addressed in the design and development of real time millimeter wave (MMW) imaging systems. The advantage offered by MMW imagers under adverse weather conditions are considered as are their thermal and spatial resolution. It is shown that it is difficult to use fully integrated focal plane arrays of receivers in large aperture high performance systems since the focal plane is so large. Instead scanned systems are considered to be preferable. Mechanical and electronic scanning techniques are described as is the use of image processing techniques which may increase the sharpness of an image by up to a factor of four. The paper introduces a new figure of merit for image quality which can be used to compare imaging systems.
A class of downsampled floating tap DFE architectures with application to serial links (2012)

This paper proposes a class of downsampled floating tap decision feedback equalization (DFE) architectures based on downsampling of the floating tap positions. The architectures offer significant complexity and power reduction compared with a standard floating tap DFE architecture with minimal loss in performance. Simulation results with realistic channel models are used to validate the performance of these architectures.
InterPoll: Crowd-Sourced Internet Polls (Done Right) (2014)

Crowd-sourcing is increasingly being used for providing an-swers to online polls and surveys. However, existing systems, while taking care of the mechanics of attracting crowd work-ers, poll building, and payment, provide little that would help the survey-maker or pollster to obtain statistically sig-nificant results devoid of even the obvious selection biases. This paper proposes InterPoll, a platform for program-ming of crowd-sourced polls. Polls are expressed as embed-ded LINQ queries, whose results are provided to the de-veloper. InterPoll supports reasoning about uncertainty, enabling t-tests, etc. on random variables obtained from the crowd. InterPoll performs query optimization, as well as bias correction and power analysis, among other features. Making InterPoll queries part of the surrounding pro-gram allows for optimizations that take advantage of the surrounding code context. The goal of InterPoll is to pro-vide a system that can be reliably used for research into marketing, social and political science questions. This paper highlights some of the existing challenges and how InterPoll is designed to address most of them. We outline some of the optimizations and give numerous mo-tivating examples designed to illustrate our system design. Note that this paper is an outline of our vision — we deliber-ately focus on examples and motivation and leave a detailed technical treatment for future work. 1.
Protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by immunization with the R-mutant, Escherichia coli (J5) (1994)

The protective effects of immunization with the rough (R) mutant, Escherichia coli (J5), were evaluated in an experimental model of Edwardsiella ictaluri-induced enteric septicemia of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Groups of 18 to 25 fish were administered killed E coli (J5) with or without an aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or IM route. Vaccinated fish were experimentally infected with virulent Ed ictaluri. Fish were monitored to determine survival after Ed ictaluri infection. Fish that received E coli (J5) in alum i.p. had enhanced survival (92%), compared with fish given E coli (J5) i.p. only (54%, P < 0.05) or fish given saline solution i.p. (56%, P < 0.05). Fish given E coli (J5) in alum i.m. had intermediate survival (77%), which did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from survival of fish in the other 3 vaccination groups. Serologic responses to Ed ictaluri and E coli (J5) before and after immunization with E coli (J5) were determined, using whole-cell ELISA. Serologic recognition of both whole cell antigens increased significantly (P < 0.10) in all groups; however, the most pronounced increase was observed in fish that received E coli (J5) in alum i.p.. These results indicate the i.p. administration of E coli (J5) in alum protects against enteric septicemia of catfish.
Joint equalization and decoding for complementary code keying (CCK) modulation (2004)

The 5.5 and 11 Mbps modes of the 802.11b wireless local area network (WLAN) standard use a type of modulation known as complementary code keying (CCK). This is a kind of block coded modulation that codes information bits into blocks of 8 QPSK symbols and was originally chosen to deal with small multipath delay spreads on the order of 10-50 ns with Rake receivers. However, 802.11b systems are now being used in home, office and warehouse environments where the multipath delay spread can be much greater - on the order of 200 ns. Such environments require the use of equalizers for acceptable performance. In this paper we present algorithms and implementations for joint equalization and CCK decoding that improve the performance of the system substantially over separate equalization and decoding.
4.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Large Area White OLEDs (2005)

Abstract A large area white OLED panel that emits 1200 lumens of illumination‐quality light is described. The technical approach utilizes down‐conversion from an underlying blue OLED made with a fault‐tolerant monolithically series‐connected architecture. The high device efficiency suggests that the singlet/triplet ratio for polymer OLEDs can be greater than 25%.
HO2: A new feature for multi-agent event detection and recognition (2008)

In this paper, we present a new feature to model a class of events that consist of complex interactions among multiple entities captured by tracks and inter-object relationships over space and time. Existing approaches represent these events using features that measure only pairwise relationships between entities at a time, such as relative distance and relative speed. Due to the limitations of the pairwise entity relationship descriptors, this class of events is mainly defined and recognized using rule-based approach. The new feature, Histogram of Oriented Occurrences (HO2), captures the interactions of all entities of interests in terms of configurations over space and time. HO2 features encapsulate entity tracks, inter-object relationships and the context of the environment into a spatial distribution that characterizes the corresponding event. HO2 feature is a compact and structured descriptor for capturing multi-object relationships. We demonstrate its value in complex event detection and recognition using standard statistical clustering and classification techniques.
Factors Affecting the Properties of Ethanol-in-Oil Emulsions. (2002)

Factors affecting the rheological properties and stability of ethanol-in-oil (E/O) emulsion were studied. Emulsions prepared with lower ethanol concentration exhibited higher apparent viscosity, smaller droplet size and narrower droplet size distribution. However, decreasing ethanol concentration may cause a reduction in the amount of emulsified ethanol, facilitating partial separating out of ethanol. The effect of the degree of polymerization of polyglycerol esters of oleic acid on E/O emulsions was investigated with decaglycerol esters of oleic acid (MO-750), hexaglycerol esters of oleic acid (MO-500), and tetraglycerol esters of oleic acid (MO-310). The efficiencies of the emulsifying agents were evaluated by measuring their interfacial activity and ability to stabilize E/O emulsions. Although no significant differences in the interfacial tension values were recognized, the stability of the emulsions increased with the degree of polymerization of the emulsifying agent. Besides sunflower oil, soybean oil and olive oil can also be used to prepare stable E/O emulsions. The characteristics of the emulsions were determined.
Nanowire-Functionalized Cotton Textiles (2014)

We show the general functionalization of cotton fabrics using solution-synthesized CdSe and CdTe nanowires (NWs). Conformal coatings onto individual cotton fibers have been achieved through various physical and chemical approaches. Some involve the electrostatic attraction of NWs to cotton charged positively with a Van de Graaff generator or via 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride treatments. Resulting NW-functionalized textiles consist of dense, conformal coatings and have been characterized for their UV-visible absorption as well as Raman activity. We demonstrate potential uses of these functionalized textiles through two proof-of-concept applications. The first entails barcoding cotton using the unique Raman signature of the NWs. We also demonstrate the surface-enhancement of their Raman signatures using codeposited Au. A second demonstration takes advantage of the photoconductive nature of semiconductor NWs to create cotton-based photodetectors. Apart from these illustrations, NW-functionalized cotton textiles may possess other uses in the realm of medical, anticounterfeiting, and photocatalytic applications.
Zinc Complexes of Sequential Tetradentate Monoanionic Ligands in the Isoselective Polymerization of <i>rac</i>‐Lactide (2016)

Zinc complexes of {ONNN}-type sequential tetradentate monoanionic ligands reacted with diethylzinc to give the mononuclear ethylzinc complexes. The benzyloxy complexes were formed readily and were found to be highly active as well as living/immortal catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactic acid with a clear isospecific inclination. Chiral gas chromatography analysis revealed a mild preference for a given lactide enantiomer by the chiral catalysts.
Salivary miRNA profiles identify children with autism spectrum disorder, correlate with adaptive behavior, and implicate ASD candidate genes involved in neurodevelopment (2016)

Measurement of salivary miRNA in this pilot study of subjects with mild ASD demonstrated differential expression of 14 miRNAs that are expressed in the developing brain, impact mRNAs related to brain development, and correlate with neurodevelopmental measures of adaptive behavior. These miRNAs have high specificity and cross-validated utility as a potential screening tool for ASD.
Controlling excess noise in fiber-optics continuous-variable quantum key distribution (2005)

We describe a continuous-variable coherent-states quantum-key distribution system working at $1550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, and entirely made of standard fiber optics and telecommunications components, such as integrated-optics modulators, couplers and fast InGaAs photodiodes. The setup is composed of an emitter randomly modulating a coherent state in the complex plane with a doubly Gaussian distribution, and a receiver based on a shot-noise limited time-resolved homodyne detector. By using a reverse reconciliation protocol, the device can transfer a raw key rate up to $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Mbit}∕\mathrm{s}$, with a proven security against Gaussian or non-Gaussian attacks. The dependence of the secret information rate of the present fiber setup is studied as a function of the line transmission and excess noise.
Cloning and genetic characterization of the Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae flaB flagellin genes and construction of H. pylori flaA- and flaB-negative mutants by electroporation-mediated allelic exchange (1993)

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human pathogens. It causes chronic gastritis and is involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer disease and possibly gastric carcinoma. Helicobacter mustelae is a bacterium closely related to H. pylori that causes gastritis and ulcer disease in ferrets and is therefore considered an important animal model of gastric Helicobacter infections. Motility, even in a viscous environment, is conferred to the bacteria by several sheathed flagella and is regarded as one of their principal virulence factors. The flagellar filament of H. pylori consists of two different flagellin species expressed in different amounts. The gene (flaA) encoding the major flagellin has recently been cloned and sequenced. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of two highly homologous new flagellin genes from H. pylori 85P and H. mustelae NCTC 12032. The nucleotide sequence of the H. pylori gene proved that it encoded the second flagellin molecule found in H. pylori flagellar filaments. The genes were named flaB. The H. mustelae and H. pylori flaB genes both coded for proteins with 514 amino acids and molecular masses of 54.0 and 53.9 kDa, respectively. The proteins shared 81.7% identical amino acids. The degree of conservation between H. pylori FlaB and the H. pylori FlaA major flagellin was much lower (58%). Both flaB genes were preceded by sigma 54-like promoter sequences. Mapping of the transcription start site for the H. pylori flaB gene by a primer extension experiment confirmed the functional activity of the sigma 54 promoter. To evaluate the importance of both genes for motility, flaA- and flaB-disrupted mutants of H. pylori N6 were constructed by electroporation-mediated allelic exchange and characterized by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis and motility testing. Both mutations selectively abolished the expression of the targeted gene without affecting the synthesis of the other flagellin molecule. Whereas flaA mutants were completely nonmotile, flaB mutants retained motility.
Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat (2017)

Summary Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) has low nitrogen use efficiency ( NUE ). The genetic mechanisms controlling NUE are unknown. Positional cloning of a major quantitative trait locus for N‐related agronomic traits showed that the vernalization gene Ta VRN ‐A1 was tightly linked with Ta NUE 1 , the gene shown to influence NUE in wheat. Because of an Ala 180 /Val 180 substitution, Ta VRN ‐A1a and Ta VRN ‐A1b proteins interact differentially with Ta ANR 1, a protein encoded by a wheat orthologue of Arabidopsis nitrate regulated 1 ( ANR 1 ). The transcripts of both Ta VRN ‐ A1 and Ta ANR 1 were down‐regulated by nitrogen. Ta ANR 1 was functionally characterized in Ta ANR 1:: RNA i transgenic wheat, and in a natural mutant with a 23‐bp deletion including 10‐bp at the 5′ end of intron 5 and 13‐bp of exon 6 in gDNA sequence in its gDNA sequence, which produced transcript that lacked the full 84‐bp exon 6. Both Ta ANR 1 and Ta HOX 1 bound to the Ala 180 /Val 180 position of Ta VRN ‐A1. Genetically incorporating favourable alleles from Ta VRN ‐A1 , Ta ANR 1 and Ta HOX 1 increased grain yield from 9.84% to 11.58% in the field. Molecular markers for allelic variation of the genes that regulate nitrogen can be used in breeding programmes aimed at improving NUE and yield in novel wheat cultivars.
Carbon Nanotube Salts. Arylation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

[reaction: see text] Carbon nanotube salts prepared by treating single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with lithium in liquid ammonia react readily with aryl iodides to give SWNTs functionalized by aryl groups.
Synthetic media for production of quality xanthan gum in 20 liter fermentors (1978)

Abstract Xanthan gum is a heteropolysaccharide synthesized by Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B‐1459 and is composed of D ‐glucose, D ‐mannose, and D ‐glucuronic acid, in addition to acetic and pyruvic acids. Different amounts of pyruvic acid ketal are found in various preparations which can influence the viscosities of dilute xanthan solutions. Polysaccharide production on synthetic media was studied in small‐scale fermentors. Fermentation conditions were established for production of both high and low pyruvic acid gums (about 4 and 2% pyruvic acid, respectively). Low nitrogen [0.1% (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ] and air (0.25 vol/liter/min) levels favor production of low pyruvate gum; increasing (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 to 0.15%, adding K 2 HPO 4 , and increasing the air flow to 1.5 vol/liter/min favored production of normal gum. Both processes gave xanthan yields of 50 to 60%, based on 2.5% initial D ‐glucose substrate, in two to three days. Differences in pyruvic acid content and in the quantity of gum produced under a given set of conditions were attributed to strain variability. Substrains were isolated that have desirable characteristics for production of xanthan gum; i.e., the ability to give good yields of high‐pyruvate gum when grown on both complex and synthetic media.
Molecular and Immunological Characterization of Gluten Proteins Isolated from Oat Cultivars That Differ in Toxicity for Celiac Disease (2012)

A strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only currently available therapeutic treatment for patients with celiac disease (CD). Traditionally, treatment with a GFD has excluded wheat, barley and rye, while the presence of oats is a subject of debate. The most-recent research indicates that some cultivars of oats can be a safe part of a GFD. In order to elucidate the toxicity of the prolamins from oat varieties with low, medium, and high CD toxicity, the avenin genes of these varieties were cloned and sequenced, and their expression quantified throughout the grain development. At the protein level, we have accomplished an exhaustive characterization and quantification of avenins by RP-HPLC and an analysis of immunogenicity of peptides present in prolamins of different oat cultivars. Avenin sequences were classified into three different groups, which have homology with S-rich prolamins of Triticeae. Avenin proteins presented a lower proline content than that of wheat gliadin; this may contribute to the low toxicity shown by oat avenins. The expression of avenin genes throughout the development stages has shown a pattern similar to that of prolamins of wheat and barley. RP-HPLC chromatograms showed protein peaks in the alcohol-soluble and reduced-soluble fractions. Therefore, oat grains had both monomeric and polymeric avenins, termed in this paper gliadin- and glutenin-like avenins. We found a direct correlation between the immunogenicity of the different oat varieties and the presence of the specific peptides with a higher/lower potential immunotoxicity. The specific peptides from the oat variety with the highest toxicity have shown a higher potential immunotoxicity. These results suggest that there is wide range of variation of potential immunotoxicity of oat cultivars that could be due to differences in the degree of immunogenicity in their sequences.
Adapting scan architectures for low power operation (2002)

Scan architectures are commonly used to test digital circuitry in integrated circuits. This paper describes a method of adapting conventional scan architectures such that they operate in a low power mode during test. The adapted scan architectures maintain the test times of the pre-adapted scan architectures. Also, the adaptation occurs in a manner that enables the test patterns of the pre-adapted scan architecture to be directly reusable in the adapted scan architecture.
Development of a novel self-crosslinkable poly (caprolactone fumarate) as a biodegradable and injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering (2004)

A novel self-crosslinkable and biodegradable macromer has been developed for guided bone regeneration. This macromer is a copolymer of fumaryl chloride, which contains double bonds for in situ crosslinking, and poly(e-caprolactone) that has a flexible chain to facilitate self-crosslinkability. This novel poly(caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF) was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Porous scaffolds were fabricated with sodium chloride particles as the porogen and a chemical initiation system. The PCLF scaffolds were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The PCLF copolymer was successfully self-crosslinked without the use of a crosslinking agent. This novel copolymer is potentially useful as an injectable self-crosslinkable material to treat skeletal defects.
Heat diffusion constrained inversion of backscattered ultrasound data to image temperature rise during high intensity focused ultrasound therapy. (2011)

Noninvasive ablative high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy must be guided with precision, and monitored in real-time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide both high resolution tissue-specific images and temperature maps, but even the most recently developed MRI methods cannot do so in less than a few seconds. Ultrasonic imaging techniques using a sequence of rf frames to measure heating-induced apparent strain have been developed to produce heating maps, but the approach is challenging due to lack of sensitivity and substantial variability in tissue properties. To improve estimates of temperature rise, constraints based on heat diffusion modeling are imposed, thus minimizing the effects of noise and nonmonotonicity of the speed of sound with respect to temperature throughout the therapeutic range. Furthermore, noninvasive protocols for measuring relevant HIFU field and tissue properties in the region of interest enable patient-calibrated mapping of temperature rise during HIFU, at ultrasonic imaging frame rates. Further analysis of the heat-induced apparent strain leads to a modal decomposition of the strain, greatly reducing the computational load for use in real-time feedback and therapy control. Finally, a Rytov approximation applied to the problem leads to further improvement in computational efficiency and physical understanding. [Work supported by NIH grant No. CA109557.]
Synthesis of speech from the low-dimensional PLP representation (1990)

Low-dimensional perceptual linear predictive (PLP) analysis [H. Hermansky, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1738–1752 (1990)] was developed as an analysis technique for speaker-independent automatic speech recognition. It is claimed to preserve the linguistic part of information in speech and to suppress the speaker-dependent part. Its low dimensionality also makes PLP a good candidate for speech synthesis. However, a problem that remains to be solved in PLP-based synthesis is restoration of the speaker-dependent information. In the current work, use of a fixed speaker-dependent transformation [Broad and Clermont, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 2013–2017 (1989)] is investigated between PLP cepstral coefficients and poles of the high-order LPC model. The speaker-dependent transformation is derived from the set of training data. This technique allows for synthesis from relatively few parameters (five parameters per frame were used). In principle, this proposed technique could allow for synthesis of different voices from one set of PLP templates or for modification of speaker voice personality in the analysis/synthesis system.
Synthesis of Fibrils in Vitro by a Solubilized Cellulose Synthase from <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> (1985)

A digitonin-solubilized cellulose synthase was prepared from Acetobacter xylinum. When this enzyme was incubated under conditions known to lead to active synthesis of 1,4-beta-D-glucan polymer (cellulose), electron microscopy revealed that clusters of fibrils were assembled within minutes. Individual fibrils are 17 +/- 2 angstroms in diameter. Evidence that the fibrils were freshly synthesized and cellulosic in nature was their incorporation of the tritium from UDP-[(3)H]glucose (UDP, uridine 5'-diphosphate), their binding of gold-labeled cellobiohydrolase, and an electron diffraction pattern with 004, 200, and 012 reflections (characteristic of cellulose synthesized in vivo) but missing 110 and 110 reflections. The small size of the fibrils is atypical of native A. xylinum cellulose microfibrils. The fibrils synthesized in vitro resemble, in morphology and size, the fibrillar cellulose produced when A. xylinum is cultured in the presence of agents that interfere with the normal process of crystallization of the microfibrils. The solubilized enzyme unit may therefore be producing a basic fibrillar structure that, in vivo, interacts laterally with other fibrils to produce native cellulose microfibrils.