gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Timing of Application of the Biological Control Agent <i>Microsphaeropsis ochracea</i> on the Production and Ejection Pattern of Ascospores by <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> (2004)

ABSTRACT Field and in vitro trials were conducted to establish the influence of the biological control agent Microsphaeropsis ochracea on the ejection pattern of ascospores by Venturia inaequalis and on apple scab development, and to establish the best timing of application. The ejection pattern of ascospores was similar on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea and on untreated leaves. Fall application of M. ochracea combined with a delayed-fungicide program was evaluated in orchards with intermediate and high scab risk. For both orchards, it was possible to delay the first three and two infection periods in 1998 and 1999, respectively, without causing significant increase or unacceptable leaf and fruit scab incidence. To evaluate the best timing of application, sterile leaf disks were inoculated with V. inaequalis and then with M. ochracea 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks later. After incubation under optimal conditions for pseudothecia development, the number of ascospores was counted. Similarly, M. ochracea was sprayed on scabbed leaves on seven occasions from August to November 1999 and 2000. Leaves were overwintered on the orchard floor and ascospore production was evaluated the following spring. Ascospore production was reduced by 97 to 100% on leaf disks inoculated with M. ochracea less than 6 weeks after inoculation with V. inaequalis, but ascospore production increased with increasing period of time when M. ochracea was applied 8 to 16 weeks after the inoculation with V. inaequalis. In the orchard, the greatest reduction in production of ascospores (94 to 96% in 2000 and 99% in 2001) occurred on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea in August. The production of ascospores was reduced by 61 to 84% in 2000 and 93% in 2001 on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea in September, reduced by 64 to 86% in 2000 and 74 to 89% in 2001 on leaves sprayed in October, and reduced by 54 and 67% in 2000 and 2001, respectively, on leaves sprayed in November. It was concluded that M. ochracea should be applied in August or September and that ascospore maturation models and delayed-fungicide program could be used in orchards treated with this biological control agent.
Lin−CCR2+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade (2018)

Immune checkpoint blockade using anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies has shown considerable promise in the treatment of solid tumors, but brain tumors remain notoriously refractory to treatment. In CNS malignancies that are completely resistant to PD-1 blockade, we found that bone marrow-derived, lineage-negative hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs) that express C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2<sup>+</sup>) reverses treatment resistance and sensitizes mice to curative immunotherapy. HSC transfer with PD-1 blockade increases T-cell frequency and activation within tumors in preclinical models of glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. CCR2<sup>+</sup>HSCs preferentially migrate to intracranial brain tumors and differentiate into antigen-presenting cells within the tumor microenvironment and cross-present tumor-derived antigens to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. HSC transfer also rescues tumor resistance to adoptive cellular therapy in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma. Our studies demonstrate a novel role for CCR2<sup>+</sup>HSCs in overcoming brain tumor resistance to PD-1 checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy in multiple invasive brain tumor models.
Ser1333 phosphorylation indicates ROCKI activation (2013)

Active ROCKI is phosphorylated at Ser1333 site. Antibodies that recognize phospho-Ser1333 of ROCKI and phospho-S1366 residues of ROCKII offer a means to discriminate their individual active status in cells and tissues.
Differential Laser Doppler based Non-Contact Sensor for Dimensional Inspection with Error Propagation Evaluation (2006)

To achieve dynamic error compensation in CNC machine tools, a non-contactlaser probe capable of dimensional measurement of a workpiece while it is being machinedhas been developed and presented in this paper. The measurements are automatically fedback to the machine controller for intelligent error compensations. Based on a well resolvedlaser Doppler technique and real time data acquisition, the probe delivers a very promisingdimensional accuracy at few microns over a range of 100 mm. The developed opticalmeasuring apparatus employs a differential laser Doppler arrangement allowing acquisitionof information from the workpiece surface. In addition, the measurements are traceable tostandards of frequency allowing higher precision.
Dental caries detection by optical spectroscopy: a polarized Raman approach with fibre-optic coupling (2006)

Incipient dental caries lesions appear as white spots on the tooth surface; however, accurate detection of early approximal lesions is difficult due to limited sensitivity of dental radiography and other traditional diagnostic tools. A new fibre-optic coupled spectroscopic method based on polarized Raman spectroscopy (P-RS) with near-IR laser excitation is introduced which provides contrast for detecting and characterizing incipient caries. Changes in polarized Raman spectra are observed in PO<sub>4</sub> <sup>3-</sup> vibrations arising from hydroxyapatite of mineralized tooth tissue. Demineralization-induced morphological/orientational alteration of enamel crystallites is believed to be responsible for the reduction of Raman polarization anisotropy observed in the polarized Raman spectra of caries lesions. Supporting evidence obtained by polarized Raman spectral imaging is presented. A specially designed fibre-optic coupled setup for simultaneous measurement of parallel- and cross-polarized tooth Raman spectra is demonstrated in this study.
Converting sets of polygons to manifold surfaces by cutting and stitching (1998)

No abstract available.
Intramuscular Testosterone Undecanoate and Norethisterone Enanthate in a Clinical Trial for Male Contraception<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Recent trials for hormonal male contraception are based on gestagens or GnRH antagonists combined with oral or injectable testosterone substitution. However, the efficacy of most trials remained disappointing. Norethisterone enanthate (NETE) has been used as a long-acting injectable female contraceptive and has shown sustained suppression of spermatogenesis in male monkeys and prolonged suppression of gonadotropins in men. This study was designed to prove the efficacy of the long-acting testosterone undecanoate ester (TU) alone or in combination with NETE in a phase II clinical trial. Fourteen healthy men received injections of 1000 mg TU in combination with injections of 200 mg NETE every 6 weeks over a period of 24 weeks, followed by a control period of 28 weeks. Another 14 volunteers received TU alone. During the study semen variables, reproductive hormones, clinical chemistry and lipid parameters, well-being, and sexual function were monitored. Scrotal content and prostates were checked sonographically. During the entire treatment period mean testosterone serum concentrations remained within the normal limits. Marked suppression of gonadotropins in both treatment groups resulted in azoospermia in 7 of 14 and 13 of 14 volunteers and in oligozoospermia in 7 of 14 and 1 of 14 in the groups given TU only or TU/NETE, respectively. However, the highest azoospermia rate in the TU/NETE group was achieved 8 weeks after the end of the treatment period, and 1 volunteer with very high initial sperm counts (mean, 190 million/mL at baseline) remained oligozoospermic (10.2 million/mL). From week 20 to week 24 there was a significant, fully reversible maximum weight gain of 3.7 kg, on the average, in the NETE group. In the NETE and TU alone groups there were significant 26.6% and 11.5% maximum decreases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with baseline values during the treatment period. A significant elevation of low density lipoprotein and a decrease in lipoprotein(a) were detected in the TU/NETE group. In conclusion, combination treatment with NETE showed suppression of spermatogenesis comparable with results using testosterone esters in combination with GnRH antagonists or cyproterone acetate, but had more favorable injection intervals and better efficacy. Because of its long-lasting, profound suppression of spermatogenesis and the absence of serious side-effects, the combination of TU and NETE can be considered a first choice for further studies of hormonal male contraception.
Expression of Lex antigen in Schistosoma japonicum and S.haematobium and immune responses to Lex in infected animals: Lack of Lex expression in other trematodes and nematodes (1998)

Adults of the human parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, which causes hepatosplenic/intestinal complications in humans, synthesize glycoconjugates containing the Lewis x (Lex) Galbeta1-->4(Fucalpha1-->3)GlcNAcbeta1-->R, but not sialyl Lewis x (sLex), antigen. We now report on our analyses of Lexand sLexexpression in S.haematobium and S.japonicum, which are two other major species of human schistosomes that cause disease, and the possible autoimmunity to these antigens in infected individuals. Antigen expression was evaluated by both ELISA and Western blot analyses of detergent extracts of parasites using monoclonal antibodies. Several high molecular weight glycoproteins in both S. haematobium and S. japonicum contain the Lexantigen, but no sialyl Lexantigen was detected. In addition, sera from humans and rodents infected with S.haematobium and S.japonicum contain antibodies reactive with Lex. These results led us to investigate whether Lexantigens are expressed in other helminths, including the parasitic trematode Fasciola hepatica , the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm), the ruminant nematode Haemonchus contortus , and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Neither Lexnor sialyl-Lexis detectable in these other helminths. Furthermore, none of the helminths, including schistosomes, express Lea, Leb, Ley, or the H-type 1 antigen. However, several glycoproteins from all helminths analyzed are bound by Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin , which binds Fucalpha1-->3GlcNAc, and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, which binds GalNAcbeta1-->4GlcNAc (lacdiNAc or LDN). Thus, schistosomes may be unique among helminths in expressing the Lexantigen, whereas many different helminths may express alpha1,3-fucosylated glycans and the LDN motif.
Semaphorin 3A Is Effective in Reducing Both Inflammation and Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Bronchial Asthma (2019)

Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) belongs to the sub-family of the immune semaphorins that function as regulators of immune-mediated inflammation. Sema3A is a membrane associated molecule on T regulatory cells and on B regulatory cells. Being transiently ligated to the cell surface of these cells it is suggested to be a useful marker for evaluating their functional status. In earlier studies, we found that reduced sema3A concentration in the serum of asthma patients as well as reduced expression by Treg cells correlates with asthma disease severity. Stimulation of Treg cells with recombinant sema3A induced a significant increase in FoxP3 and IL-10 expression. To find out if sema3A can be of benefit to asthma patients, we evaluated the effect of sema3A injection in a mouse model of asthma. BALB\c-mice were sensitized using ovalbumin (OVA) + adjuvant for 15 days followed by OVA aerosol inhalation over five consecutive days. Four hours following air ways sensitization on each of the above days- 15 of these mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50 μg per mouse of recombinant human sema3A-FR and the remaining 15 mice were injected with a similarly purified vehicle. Five days later the mice were sacrificed, broncheo-alveolar lavage (BAL) was collected and formalin-fixed lung biopsies taken and analyzed. In sema3A treated mice, only 20% of the bronchioles and arterioles were infiltrated by inflammatory cells as compared to 90% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.0079). In addition, eosinophil infiltration was also significantly increased in the control group as compared with the sema3A treated mice. In sema3A treated mice we noticed only a small number of mononuclear and neutrophil cells in the BAL while in the control mice, the BAL was enriched with mononuclear and neutrophil cells. Finally, in the control mice, angiogenesis was significantly increased in comparison with sema3A treated mice as evidenced by the reduced concentration of microvessels in the lungs of sema3A treated mice. To conclude, we find that in this asthma model, sema3A functions as a potent suppressor of asthma related inflammation that has the potential to be further developed as a new therapeutic for the treatment of asthma.
Co-Injection Resin Transfer Molding of Vinyl-Ester and Phenolic Composites (2000)

Abstract : Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)-type processes have been proven cost-effective manufacturing techniques for large composite structures. However, their use has been limited to a single resin system. Many composite structures require multiple resins to serve different purposes while being integrated into a single structure. Co-injection resin transfer molding (CIRTM) is a new manufacturing process developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) with the University of Delaware that enables the user to manufacture multilayer hybrid composite parts in a single processing step. In this report, CIRTM is used to manufacture a dual-layered structure consisting of a vinyl-ester layer for structural integrity and a phenolic layer for fire, smoke, and toxicity protection. The two resins are simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber bed and are co-cured. Resin separation is maintained by a 1-mil-thick polysulfone film sandwiched between two layers of 6.5-mil-thick adhesive. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used to select the optimum cure cycle for all of the materials. Mechanical testing is used to evaluate the performance of the interphase formed between dissimilar materials. Experimental results show that co-injected, co-cured materials offer equivalent properties or, in some cases, more superior properties, than those provided by single-injection resin composites. This case is used to develop and present a methodology that can be followed to co-inject different resins.
Adsorption of fluorinated anesthetics within the pores of a molecular crystal (2015)

Commonly used inhalation anesthetics-enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane-are adsorbed within the pores of a porous fluorinated molecular crystal to the tune of up to 73.4(±0.2)% by weight. Uptake of all studied anesthetics is quite fast, typically reaching saturation in less than three minutes.
Weakly-Supervised 3D Human Pose Learning via Multi-View Images in the Wild (2020)

One major challenge for monocular 3D human pose estimation in-the-wild is the acquisition of training data that contains unconstrained images annotated with accurate 3D poses. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a weakly-supervised approach that does not require 3D annotations and learns to estimate 3D poses from unlabeled multi-view data, which can be acquired easily in in-the-wild environments. We propose a novel end-to-end learning framework that enables weakly-supervised training using multi-view consistency. Since multi-view consistency is prone to degenerated solutions, we adopt a 2.5D pose representation and propose a novel objective function that can only be minimized when the predictions of the trained model are consistent and plausible across all camera views. We evaluate our proposed approach on two large scale datasets (Human3.6M and MPII-INF-3DHP) where it achieves state-of-the-art performance among semi-/weakly-supervised methods.
Noncontact Respiratory Monitoring Using Depth Sensing Cameras: A Review of Current Literature (2021)

There is considerable interest in the noncontact monitoring of patients as it allows for reduced restriction of patients, the avoidance of single-use consumables and less patient-clinician contact and hence the reduction of the spread of disease. A technology that has come to the fore for noncontact respiratory monitoring is that based on depth sensing camera systems. This has great potential for the monitoring of a range of respiratory information including the provision of a respiratory waveform, the calculation of respiratory rate and tidal volume (and hence minute volume). Respiratory patterns and apneas can also be observed in the signal. Here we review the ability of this method to provide accurate and clinically useful respiratory information.
First-pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole ventricular coverage using L1-SPIRIT accelerated spiral trajectories (2013)

Background First-pass perfusion imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become clinically applicable as an important tool for diagnosing coronary artery disease. We have recently demonstrated that high quality firstpass images can be acquired with an optimized spiral pulse sequence, but this sequence is only capable of imaging 3 short axis slices of the heart for a maximum heart rate of 110 bpm. In order to achieve whole ventricular coverage, we have developed an accelerated spiral sequence using the Paralle lI maging and Compressed Sensing technique L1-SPIRIT. Methods To evaluate and develop the accelerated reconstruction we retrospectively down-sampled data acquired from a fullysampled variable density (VD) spiral perfusion data set acquired on a 1.5T scanner. Pulse sequence parameters included: TE 1.0 ms, TR 11 ms, FOV 320 mm 2 ,i n-plane resolution 1.75 mm, 8 interleaves, readout duration 8.1ms per interleave, saturation time 8 ms. We then designed a 4x accelerated pulse sequence which prospectively collected only 2 of 8 interleaves, and collects two perfusion images after each saturation pulse. Resting perfusion imaging was performed after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of
Proper-Orthogonal-Decomposition Based Thermal Modeling of Semiconductor Structures (2012)

A thermal model of a semiconductor structure is developed using a hierarchical function space, rather than physical space. The thermal model is derived using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and does not require any assumptions about the physical geometry, dimensions, or heat flow paths, as is usually necessary for compact/lumped thermal models. The approach can be applied to complex geometries and provides detailed thermal information at a computational cost comparable to that of lumped thermal models. The POD thermal model is applied to steady thermal simulations of a 2-D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structure and validated at various power levels against detailed numerical simulation (DNS) data. It is shown that a POD thermal model using only four POD modes can duplicate the temperature solution derived from DNS, including the hot spot and temperature gradients along the device island. In addition, an unsteady POD model of the SOI device structure is constructed. A POD model incorporating ten modes yielded a virtually identical solution when compared to corresponding unsteady DNS results.
Peripheral blood cell microRNA quantification during the first trimester predicts preeclampsia: Proof of concept (2018)

MicroRNA quantification of peripheral immune cell microRNA provides sensitive and specific prediction of preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnant women. With this study, we extend the range during which disorders of the placental bed may be predicted from early to the end of the first trimester. This study confirms that buffy coat may be used as a sample preparation.
Evaluation of Immunological Cross‐Reactivity between Clade A9 High‐Risk Human Papillomavirus Types on the Basis of E6‐Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>Memory T Cell Responses (2010)

CD4(+) T cell responses against the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 5 closely related members of clade A9 (HPV31, 33, 35, 52, and 58) were charted in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from healthy subjects and patients who underwent HPV16 E6/E7-specific vaccination. Initial analyses with overlapping peptide arrays showed that approximately one-half of the responding subjects displayed reactivity against corresponding E6 peptides from >or=2 HPV types. This suggested immunological cross-reactivity and complicated retrospective evaluation of the infection history of the healthy subjects. Importantly, further dissection of the response by means of enriched and clonal T cell cultures (with protein antigen instead of peptides) revealed that CD4(+) T cells that are capable of efficiently reacting against E6 antigen from multiple HPV types are rare and only occur when epitope sequences are highly conserved. Our data indicate that natural and vaccine-induced HPV16 E6-specific CD4(+) T cell responses are unlikely to mediate efficient cross-protection against other clade A9 members.
Noncontact laminar-flow polishing for GaAs (1988)

Laminar-flow polishing is a noncontact polishing technique capable of producing a highly polished surface with no subsurface mechanical damage. The method utilizes the hydrodynamic condition of laminar flow to provide the transport mechanisms responsible for the removal of the GaAs surface. The method is well suited to the preparation of semiconductor wafers for experiments where high-quality damage-free substrates are required. In addition, the ease of controlling the polishing conditions makes this method a useful technique in production where a high throughput of wafers with uniform and damage-free surfaces are essential.
A 60 Element Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System (1996)

We describe an instrumentation system which provides the capability to monitor a large number of Bragg gratings using a common source and scanning narrowband filter. The system described has the capability to monitor 12 FBG sensors along each of 5 fibers for a total of 60 sensor elements.
A neuropeptide Y Y5 antagonist selectively ameliorates body weight gain and associated parameters in diet-induced obese mice (2006)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is thought to have a major role in the physiological control of energy homeostasis. Among five NPY receptors described, the NPY Y5 receptor (Y5R) is a prime candidate to mediate some of the effects of NPY on energy homeostasis, although its role in physiologically relevant rodent obesity models remains poorly defined. We examined the effect of a potent and highly selective Y5R antagonist in rodent obesity and dietary models. The Y5R antagonist selectively ameliorated diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents by suppressing body weight gain and adiposity while improving the DIO-associated hyperinsulinemia. The compound did not affect the body weight of lean mice fed a regular diet or genetically obese leptin receptor-deficient mice or rats, despite similarly high brain Y5R receptor occupancy. The Y5R antagonist acts in a mechanism-based manner, as the compound did not affect DIO of Y5R-deficient mice. These results indicate that Y5R is involved in the regulation and development of DIO and suggest utility for Y5R antagonists in the treatment of obesity.