gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Characterization of a Na+-independent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter with Broad Substrate Selectivity (1999)

We have isolated a cDNA from rat small intestine that encodes a novel Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter with distinctive characteristics in substrate selectivity and transport property. The encoded protein, designated L-type amino acid transporter-2 (LAT-2), shows amino acid sequence similarity to the system L Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter LAT-1 (Kanai, Y., Segawa, H., Miyamoto, K., Uchino, H., Takeda, E., and Endou, H. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 23629-23632) (50% identity) and the system y+L transporters y+LAT-1 (47%) and KIAA0245/y+LAT-2 (45%) (Torrents, D., Estevez, R., Pineda, M., Fernandez, E., Lloberas, J., Shi, Y.-B., Zorzano, A., and Palacin, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32437-32445). LAT-2 is a nonglycosylated membrane protein. It requires 4F2 heavy chain, a type II membrane glycoprotein, for its functional expression in Xenopus oocytes. LAT-2-mediated transport is not dependent on Na+ or Cl- and is inhibited by a system L-specific inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), indicating that LAT-2 is a second isoform of the system L transporter. Compared with LAT-1, which prefers large neutral amino acids with branched or aromatic side chains, LAT-2 exhibits remarkably broad substrate selectivity. It transports all of the L-isomers of neutral alpha-amino acids. LAT-2 exhibits higher affinity (Km = 30-50 microM) to Tyr, Phe, Trp, Thr, Asn, Ile, Cys, Ser, Leu, Val, and Gln and relatively lower affinity (Km = 180-300 microM) to His, Ala, Met, and Gly. In addition, LAT-2 mediates facilitated diffusion of substrate amino acids, as distinct from LAT-1, which mediates amino acid exchange. LAT-2-mediated transport is increased by lowering the pH level, with peak activity at pH 6.25, because of the decrease in the Km value without changing the Vmax value. Because of these functional properties and a high level of expression of LAT-2 in the small intestine, kidney, placenta, and brain, it is suggested that the heterodimeric complex of LAT-2 and 4F2 heavy chain is involved in the trans-cellular transport of neutral amino acids in epithelia and blood-tissue barriers.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Utilizing Diethyldithiocarbonate Disulfide (DDD) as an Efficient Sulfur Transfer Reagent (2003)

Diethyldithiodicarbonate (DDD), a cheap and easily prepared compound, is found to be a rapid and efficient sulfurizing reagent in solid phase synthesis of phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the phosphoramidite approach. Product yield and quality based on IP-LC-MS compares well with high quality oligonucleotides synthesized using phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) which is being used for manufacture of our antisense drugs.
Status of Large Diameter SiC Single Crystals (2014)

Large SiC single crystals, semi-insulating and n-type, up to 150mm in diameter are grown by II-VI Incorporated. In addition to the recent product launch of 150mm substrates, significant improvements have been made in crystal quality. The values of FWHM of x-ray rocking curves are typically 15-30 arc-seconds for 4H SI wafers and 11-25 arc-seconds for 4H n+ wafers. We have achieved 150 mm wafers free of stacking faults and micro pipes with total dislocation density of 2x10 3 cm -2 , TSD density of ~3x10 2 cm -2 , and BPD density of 2x10 2 cm -2 . For semi-insulating wafers we have achieved resistivities in excess of 1E11Ω-cm.
Imaging Extracellular Protein Concentration with Nanoplasmonic Sensors (2015)

Extracellular protein concentrations and gradients queue a wide range of cellular responses, such as cell motility and division. Spatio-temporal quantification of these concentrations as produced by cells has proven challenging. As a result, artificial gradients must be introduced to the cell culture to correlate signal and response. Here we demonstrate a label-free nanoplasmonic imaging technique that can directly map protein concentrations as secreted by single cells in real time and which integrates with standard live-cell microscopes. When used to measure the secretion of antibodies from hybridoma cells, a broad range of time-dependent concentrations was observed: from steady-state secretions of 230 pM near the cell surface to large transients which reached as high as 56 nM over several minutes and then dissipated. The label-free nature of the technique is minimally invasive and we anticipate will enable the quantification of deterministic relationships between secreted protein concentrations and their induced cellular responses.
Development of a temperature compensated PVDF transducer for dynamic pressure measurements (1984)

The pressure sensing element of the transducer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), has been the subject of many laboratory studies and has been used in many applications during the past decade [1–5]. Since the poled active material is both pyroelectric-and piezoelectric, measurements are usually carried out in an isobaric or isothermal environment so that only one effect is activated. For the measurement of dynamic pressures, an isothermal environment is not always present because pressure pulses will be accompanied by temperature pulses due to adiabatic compressional heating. This effect was discussed by DeReggi et al. who considered the relative time effects of pressure induced temperature changes in PVDF and temperature changes which occur in the surrounding medium [6]. Adiabatic heating of the PVDF will occur in coincidence with its pressure change. When adiabatic heating of the surrounding medium occurs, the thermal time constant, τ, for diffusion of heat into the transducer will determine its pyroelectric response as a function of time. If the temperature changes in PVDF and its surroundings are identical, then there will be no heat transfer and the pyroelectric response will be due to adiabatic heating of the PVDF only. Calculations for this special case show that the pyroelectric charge signal is approximately 8% of the piezoelectric charge [6]. In general, adiabatic heating in both PVDF and its surroundings along with the time scale of each effect must be considered. For pressure measurements at t ≪ τ temperature compensation can be achieved by applying the 8% correction to the transducer signals. For longer times the conduction of heat from the surroundings must be measured in order to apply the appropriate correction to the electrical signal from the PVDF gage.
Amorphous Lithium Nickel Vanadate Thin-Film Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium Microbatteries (2002)

Sputter deposited lithium nickel vanadate thin films are investigated as a possible anode for lithium microbatteries. As-deposited films showed almost amorphous characteristics, but included a small amount of crystalline phase. The electrochemical behavior of thin-film electrodes exhibits consistent voltage charge curves for the first and subsequent cycles, and excellent cycling performance, which are different from the results obtained with bulk electrodes. These characteristics and a high specific capacity make lithium nickel vanadate thin films very attractive candidates for lithium rechargeable microbattery anodes. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
1-Ethyl-7-[3-[(ethylamino)methyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. New quinolone antibacterial with potent gram-positive activity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Ethyl-7-[3-[(ethylamino)methyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. New quinolone antibacterial with potent gram-positive activityJohn M. Domagala, Carl L. Heifetz, Thomas F. Mich, and Jeffrey B. NicholsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1986, 29, 4, 445–448Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00154a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00154a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly aligned, template-free growth and characterization of vertical GaN nanowires on sapphire by metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (2006)

We report the growth of exceptionally well aligned and vertically oriented GaN nanowires on r-plane sapphire wafers via metal–organic chemical vapour deposition. The nanowires were grown without the use of either a template or patterning. Transmission electron microscopy indicates the nanowires are single crystalline, free of threading dislocations, and have triangular cross-sections. The high degree of vertical alignment is explained by the crystallographic match between the oriented nanowires and the r-plane sapphire surface. We find that the degree of alignment and size uniformity of the nanowires are highly dependent on the nickel nitrate catalyst concentration used, with the highest degree of uniformity and alignment occurring at concentrations much more dilute than typically employed for vapour–liquid–solid-based nanowire growth. Additionally, we report here a strong dependence of the optical and electrical properties of the nanowires on the growth temperature, which we hypothesize is due to increased carbon incorporation at lower growth temperatures.
Surface-enhanced Raman optical data storage: A new optical memory with three-dimensional data storage (1994)

A new optical data storage technology based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect has been developed for high-density optical memory and three-dimensional data storage. With the surface-enhanced Raman optical data storage (SERODS) technology, the molecular interactions between the optical layer molecules and the substrate are modified by the writing laser, changing their SERS properties, so that they are encoded to store information as bits. Since the SERS properties are extremely sensitive to molecular microenvironments, very small ‘‘spectrochemical holes’’ approaching the diffraction limit can be produced for the writing process. The SERODS device uses a reading laser to induce the SERS emission of molecules on the disk and a photometric detector tuned to the frequency of the Raman spectrum to retrieve the stored information. The results illustrate that SERODS is capable of three-dimensional data storage.
Coherent WDM PON using a Single Time Lens Source and Kramers-Kronig Receiver (2019)

We demonstrate a coherent WDM-PON downstream transmission with a WDM transmitter based on optical Fourier transformation of a single-source TDM signal and a Kramers-Kronig receiver. 15 coherent WDM-PON signals are generated and transmitted over 100-km.
Recent advances in type-II interband cascade lasers (2000)

Interband cascade (IC) lasers are a new class of mid-IR light sources, which take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-II quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we describe recent advances in InAs/GaInSb type-II IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.6 - 4 micrometer; these semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Low threshold current densities (e.g., approximately 56 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 80 K) and power efficiency exceeding 9% were observed from a mesa-stripe laser in cw operation. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to 250 K in pulsed mode and to 120 K in cw mode. We observed from several devices at temperatures above 80 K a slope efficiency of approximately 800 mW/A per facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency of approximately 500%. Peak optical output powers exceeding 4 W per facet were observed from several type-II IC laser at 80 K.
Use of an Air Injection System to Control Zebra Mussels. May 1994. (1995)

Background and purposeThis technical note presents data on the efficacy of an air injection system for zebra mussel removal from hard substratum.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1D Modulates Its Own State of Tyrosine Phosphorylation (1995)

The insulin receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway involves insulin receptor substrate 1 and a variety of proteins containing Src homology-2 (SH2) domains, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Grb2, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP1D). Upon insulin stimulation of baby hamster kidney cells overexpressing the IR, the catalytically inactive mutant of PTP1D, C463A, becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated and coprecipitates with Grb2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of this mutant is significantly reduced when wild type PTP1D is coexpressed. Substitution of tyrosine residues 546 and 584 with phenylalanine abrogates tyrosine phosphorylation of the catalytically inactive mutant and abolishes its interaction with Grb2.
Microencapsulation Technologies for Corrosion Protective Coating Applications (2015)

Microencapsulation technologies for functional smart Coatings for autonomous corrosion control have been a research area of strong emphasis during the last decade. This work concerns the development of pH sensitive micro-containers (microparticles and microcapsules) for autonomous corrosion control. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of microencapsulation for corrosion control applications, as well as the technical details of the pH sensitive microcontainer approach, such as selection criteria for corrosion indicators and corrosion inhibitors; the development and optimization of encapsulation methods; function evaluation before and after incorporation of the microcontainers into coatings; and further optimization to improve coating compatibility and performance.
Interaction between bubbles and fibre optic probes in a bubble column (1992)

Abstract Spherical bulb fibre optic probes, developed and applied for bubble characterization in a bubble column and a slurry bubble column at high temperature, were investigated. The principle of operation of these new optical fibre probes is based on the difference in refractive indices between the gas and the liquid phases. The interaction between the gas bubbles and the fibre optic probes in a bubble column was studied using photographic techniques. The first objective of these experiments was to study the response of the sensors upon contact with gas bubbles of various sizes. The second objective of this study was to establish, under controlled situations, the optical probe bubble detection performance and ability for local quantitative measurements of the bubble rise velocity and the gas hold‐up.
Micro-Electromechanical-System (MEMS) based switches for power applications (2011)

A new system for switching electrical power using Micro-Electromechanical-Systems (MEMS) is presented. The heart of the system utilizes custom designed MEMS switching device arrays that are able to conduct current more efficiently and can open orders of magnitude faster than traditional macroscopic mechanical relays. Up to now, MEMS switches have been recognized for their ability to switch very quickly due to their low mass, but have only been used to carry and switch very low currents at extremely low voltage. However, recent developments have enabled suppression of the arc that normally occurs when the MEMS switch is opened while current is flowing. The combination of the arc suppression with the MEMS switch arrays designed for this purpose enables a breakthrough increase in current and voltage handling capability. The resultant technology has been scaled to handle many Amps of current and switch 100's of volts. Such current and voltage handling capability delivers improved energy efficiency and the capacity to handle fault current levels that are encountered in typical AC or DC power systems. Fault current interruption takes place in less than 10 microseconds, almost regardless of the prospective fault current magnitude. The properties of the MEMS switch arrays allow the switching mechanism to operate at temperatures in excess of 200 deg. C. The switches also have a vibration tolerance in excess of 1000G. The combination of fast MEMS switching speed, optimized current and voltage handling capacity of the switch arrays, the arc suppression circuitry and optimized sensing and control enable a single sensing, control and switching system to operate in a small fraction of a millisecond. This paper will present the basic physics of the MEMS switches together with recent advances that enable the technology. Some illustrative examples of the ways the devices may be used to provide protection and control within electrical systems will also be presented.
High-Rate Modulation Codes for (2007)

We present a reverse concatenation (RC) architecture using Reed–Solomon (RS) error-correction codes (ECCs). The scheme employs very-high-rate pre-RS modulation codes followed by RS parity symbol insertion. The very-high-rate modulation codes in the RC scheme, which facilitate timing recovery and automatic gain control and reduce the detector path memory, are of the same type as the modulation codes that have been used in generalized partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection systems. Index Terms—Fibonacci codes, magnetic recording, modulation codes, partial-response channel, reverse concatenation (RC).
PollO: Polling-aware On-demand Governor for Improving Power Efficiency (2020)

Efficient power management is one of the most important requirements for modern mobile computing devices. To satisfy it, the Linux kernel provides CPU governors which can adjust the CPU frequency. Meanwhile, as high-performance storage devices being matured, vendors have begun to employ them into mobile devices. To sufficiently exploit this high performance of storage devices, we can use polling-based I/O service mechanism, because it can perform better than conventional methods. However, polling-based I/O service mechanism does not have benefit in power consumption, and traditional CPU governors do not consider this characteristic of polling-based I/O service. In this paper, we introduce Polling-aware Ondemand governor, called PollO governor, which improves the power efficiency while ensuring comparable I/O performance. Our experimental results show that PollO governor achieves 26.93% lower power consumption without a performance drop.
Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (1988)

A thermally compensated tube scanner scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been constructed and successfully tested. This design utilizes two concentric piezoelectric tubes, one for scanning and one for thermal compensation and inertial sample translation (over several mm), as well as fine adjustment of sample position while in tunneling range. This design eliminates the need for mechanical components such as springs, levers, gears, or stepper motors that are known to result in considerable vibration sensitivity, thermal drift, and low-resonance frequencies. This new design demonstrates continuously variable-temperature operation as well as atomic resolution without vibration isolation for the first time in a STM. Thermal drift of less than 1 Å/h and less than 10 Å/K have been determined. Also, the lowest mechanical resonance frequency of 21 kHz makes this new design suitable for high-speed applications such as video rate scanning.
Energy-efficient positioning for smartphones using Cell-ID sequence matching (2011)

Many emerging location-aware applications require position information. However, these applications rarely use celltower-based localization because of its inaccuracy, preferring instead to use the more energy-hungry GPS.In this paper, we present CAPS, a Cell-ID Aided Positioning System. CAPS leverages near-continuous mobility and the position history of a user to achieve significantly better accuracy than the celltower-based approach, while keeping energy overhead low. CAPS is designed based on the insight that users exhibit consistency in routes traveled, and that cell-ID transition points that the user experiences can, on a frequently traveled route, uniquely identify position. To this end, CAPS uses a cell-ID sequence matching technique to estimate current position based on the history of cell-ID and GPS position sequences that match the current cell-ID sequence. We have implemented CAPS on Android-based smartphones and have extensively evaluated it at different locations, and for different platforms and carriers. Our evaluation results show that CAPS can save more than 90% of the energy spent by the positioning system compared to the case where GPS is always used, while providing reasonably accurate position information with errors less than 20% of the celltower-based scheme.
Double photonic band gap hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (2010)

Drawing on recent advances in understanding the origin of the photonic band gap observed in hollow core photonic crystal fibers, we apply the photonic tight binding model to a high air filling fraction fiber. By studying the interdependent effect of the apex, strut and air-hole resonators present in the photonic crystal cladding, we demonstrate that it is possible for a second photonic band gap windows to extend significantly below the air-line, whilst the general properties of the fundamental band gap remains relatively unaffected. We fabricate several hollow core fibers with extremely thin struts relative to the apex size. All fibers exhibit two strong transmission windows that bridge the benchmark laser wavelengths of 1064nm and 1550nm. These results pave the way to extend the guidance capability of low-loss hollow core fibers.