gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proof-of-Principle Detonation Driven, Linear Electric Generator Facility (2010)

A facility has been constructed in which a detonation-driven piston system has been integrated with a linear generator to produce electricity. Their integration is made possible with a mass-spring system that causes the piston to freely oscillate. The piston may then drive a slider containing neodymium magnets through a generator coil. Two facility setups are described. In the rst setup, the piston is contained in a single mass, twospring system where the detonation wave pressure may be modeled as a variable force. Pressure, load, and linear translation data are collected to characterize the performance of the system. Atmospheric initial mixtures of oxygen with hydrogen, propane, and methane were detonated. A load wall is removed for the second setup where a linear motor was rewired as a passive generator for a two-mass, four-spring system proof-of-concept test. Future work and overall potential of the facility is discussed.
Surface-emitting GaInAsP/InP laser with low threshold current and high efficiency (1985)

A buried-heterostructure laser has been developed whose output is deflected to a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface by a monolithically integrated 45° (parabolic) mirror. The latter is fabricated by smoothing a chemically etched multistep structure using a mass-transport phenomenon. The present devices show threshold current as low as 12 mA, differential quantum efficiency as high as 47% and a surface-emitting far-field pattern with a main lobe as narrow as 12°.
Multiuser detection enabled medium access control in mobile ad hoc networks (2010)

Increasing spectral efficiency has been a constant challenge in wireless communications. Many military and commercial applications require that wireless networks operate in dynamic environments and provide high data rates. Multiuser detection (MUD) has been demonstrated to increase spectral efficiency by increasing spectrum reuse. Most MUD research to date has focused on the physical layer (PHY) technology. Our research has focused on design of an efficient wireless media access controller (MAC) for MUD enabled mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). Beyond MUD, other issues addressed in this design include overhead efficiency, optimization of dynamic resource allocation, and support for dense topologies, mobility, scalability, and Quality of Service (QoS). The MAC design is used in the DARPA Interference Multiple Access (DEVIA) communications program. In this paper, a frame structure and architecture of the MAC design are presented. Technical challenges are discussed and motivating factors behind the design are highlighted. The MAC described in this paper has been prototyped and demonstrated in laboratory environment and field trial. Some test results are presented.
DataFoundry: information management for scientific data (2000)

Data warehouses and data marts have been successfully applied to a multitude of commercial business applications. They have proven to be invaluable tools by integrating information from distributed, heterogeneous sources and summarizing this data for use throughout the enterprise. Although the need for information dissemination is as vital in science as in business, working warehouses in this community are scarce because traditional warehousing techniques do not transfer to scientific environments. There are two primary reasons for this difficulty. First, schema integration is more difficult for scientific databases than for business sources, because of the complexity of the concepts and the associated relationships. While this difference has not yet been fully explored, it is an important consideration when determining how to integrate autonomous sources. Second, scientific data sources have highly dynamic data representations (schemata). When a data source participating in a warehouse changes its schema, both the mediator transferring data to the warehouse and the warehouse itself need to be updated to reflect these modifications. The cost of repeatedly performing these updates in a traditional warehouse, as is required in a dynamic environment, is prohibitive. This paper discusses these issues within the context of the DataFoundry project, an ongoing research effort at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. DataFoundry utilizes a unique integration strategy to identify corresponding instances while maintaining differences between data from different sources, and a novel architecture and an extensive meta-data infrastructure, which reduce the cost of maintaining a warehouse.
Method of producing high T(subc) superconducting NBN films (1988)

Thin films of niobium nitride with high superconducting temperature (T sub c) of 15.7 K are deposited on substrates held at room temperature (approx 90 C) by heat sink throughout the sputtering process. Films deposited at P sub Ar 12.9 + or - 0.2 mTorr exhibit higher T sub c with increasing P sub N2,I with the highest T sub c achieved at P sub n2,I= 3.7 + or - 0.2 mTorr and total sputtering pressure P sub tot = 16.6 + or - 0.4. Further increase of N2 injection starts decreasing T sub c.
Systematic studies on reactive ion etch-induced deformations of organic underlayers (2011)

Underlayers (UL), such as organic planarizing layers (OPLs) or spin-on carbon (SOC) layers, play a very important role in various integration schemes of chip manufacturing. One function of OPLs is to fill in pre-existing patterns on the substrate, such as previously patterned vias, to enable lithographic patterning of the next level. More importantly, OPL resistance to reactive ion etch (RIE) processes used to etch silicon-containing materials is essential for the successful pattern transfer from the resist into the substrate. Typically, the pattern is first transferred into the OPL through a two-step RIE sequence, followed by the transfer into the substrate by a fluorine-containing RIE step that leaves the OPL pattern mainly intact. However, when the line/space patterns are scaled down to line widths below 35 nm, it was found that this last RIE step induces severe pattern deformation ("wiggling") of the OPL material, which ultimately prevents the successful pattern transfer into the substrate. In this work, we developed an efficient process to evaluate OPL materials with respect to their pattern transfer performance. This allowed us to systematically study material, substrate and etch process parameters and draw conclusions about how changes in these parameters may improve the overall pattern transfer margin.
Virus-associated White Spot Syndrome of Shrimp in Taiwan: A Review. (1998)

White spot syndrome (WSS) is a viral disease which affects most of the commercially cultivated marine shrimp species, not just in Taiwan but globally. The principal clinical sign of WSS is the presence of white spots on the proximal surface of the cuticle of the diseased shrimp. The causative agent is a dsDNA virus which consists of an enveloped, rod-shaped nucleocapsid. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection is characterized by rapid disease onset and high mortality. The mortality typically reaches 90% within 2 to 7 days after the onset of the disease. Recently, WSSV was also found in the form of a latent infection in freshly caught wild shrimp and crabs. Under stressful conditions, WSSV was triggered to replicate rapidly and subsequently caused the death of these animals. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we successfully detected WSSV in cultured and captured shrimp and crabs. Detection of WSSV in non-cultured arthropods collected from WSSV-affected shrimp farms revealed that copepods, the pest crabHelice tridens, small pest palaemonid prawns, and possibly the larvae of an ephydrian insect were reservoir hosts of WSSV. The tissues targeted by WSSV originate from both the ectoderm and the mesoderm.In situhybridization and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed evidence of WSSV in the reproductive organs of black tiger shrimpPenaeus monodon. Since infected oocytes either undergo necrosis or fail to develop to maturity, transovarial transmission is an unlikely pathway. Transovum transmission is a very real possibility, however, and perhaps one of the most effective ways of dealing with this is simply to rinse or disinfect the nauplii.
SENSE: A Shared Encoder Network for Scene-Flow Estimation (2019)

We introduce a compact network for holistic scene flow estimation, called SENSE, which shares common encoder features among four closely-related tasks: optical flow estimation, disparity estimation from stereo, occlusion estimation, and semantic segmentation. Our key insight is that sharing features makes the network more compact, induces better feature representations, and can better exploit interactions among these tasks to handle partially labeled data. With a shared encoder, we can flexibly add decoders for different tasks during training. This modular design leads to a compact and efficient model at inference time. Exploiting the interactions among these tasks allows us to introduce distillation and self-supervised losses in addition to supervised losses, which can better handle partially labeled real-world data. SENSE achieves state-of-the-art results on several optical flow benchmarks and runs as fast as networks specifically designed for optical flow. It also compares favorably against the state of the art on stereo and scene flow, while consuming much less memory.
Localization using directional antennas and recursive estimation (2008)

In wireless sensor networks, there is often a need for nodes to find their position. This process is referred to as localization. Many methods have been proposed for this purpose, but they typically suffer from one of two major problems: Either, they are inaccurate for noisy measurement data, or they require a considerable amount of computation. In this paper, we present a method based on recursive estimation of position from angle-of-arrival measurements by directional antennas. The method computes a new position estimate for every new measurement, using a Kalman filter. Computation is fast and is performed entirely locally. No complex data structure needs to be maintained. A prominent feature of the proposed method is that it applies only a linear Kalman filter.
Gene expression during tomato ripening (1986)

Abstract The changes in mRNA content that occur during tomato ripening have been studied by translation in vitro and cDNA cloning. A number of ripening-related cDNA clones have been characterized by hybrid-select translation, Northern blotting and sequencing. Some of these clones appear to be ripening-specific, based on the results of hybridization to mRNA from roots, leaves, and unripe and ripe fruit. DNA and protein sequencing have identified a full-length clone for polygalacturonase, an enzyme synthesized de novo during ripening that plays an important role in the softening process. mRNAs for polygalacturonase and some other unidentified proteins are absent or reduced in amount in the ripening inhibitor mutant of tomato. The accumulation of new mRNAs in normal fruit at the mature green stage is stimulated by ethylene. The regulation of gene expression during ripening and the mechanism of ethylene action are discussed.
Design of a Compact Biaxial Tensile Stage for Fabrication and Tuning of Complex Micro- and Nano-scale Wrinkle Patterns (2015)

Wrinkling of thin films is a strain-driven process that enables scalable and low-cost fabrication of periodic micro- and nano-scale patterns. In the past, single-period sinusoidal wrinkles have been applied for thin-film metrology and microfluidics applications. However, real-world adoption of this process beyond these specific applications is limited by the inability to predictively fabricate a variety of complex functional patterns. This is primarily due to the inability of current tools and techniques to provide the means for applying large, accurate, and nonequal biaxial strains. For example, the existing biaxial tensile stages are inappropriate because they are too large to fit within the vacuum chambers that are required for thin-film deposition/growth during wrinkling. Herein, we have designed a compact biaxial tensile stage that enables (i) applying large and accurate strains to elastomeric films and (ii) in situ visualization of wrinkle formation. This stage enables one to stretch a 37.5 mm long film by 33.5% with a strain resolution of 0.027% and maintains a registration accuracy of 7 μm over repeated registrations of the stage to a custom-assembled vision system. Herein, we also demonstrate the utility of the stage in (i) studying the wrinkling process and (ii) fabricating complex wrinkled patterns that are inaccessible via other techniques. Specifically, we demonstrate that (i) spatial nonuniformity in the patterns is limited to 6.5%, (ii) one-dimensional (1D) single-period wrinkles of nominal period 2.3 μm transition into the period-doubled mode when the compressive strain due to prestretch release of plasma-oxidized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film exceeds ∼18%, and (iii) asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) wrinkles can be fabricated by tuning the strain state and/or the actuation path, i.e., the strain history. Thus, this tensile stage opens up the design space for fabricating and tuning complex wrinkled patterns and enables extracting empirical process knowledge via in situ visualization of wrinkle formation.
RENOIR - A Benchmark Dataset for Real Noise Reduction Evaluation. (2014)

Abstract—In this paper we introduce a dataset of uncom-pressed color images taken with three digital cameras and exhibiting different levels of natural noise due to low-light conditions. For each scene there are on average two low-noise and two high noise images that are aligned at the pixel level both spatially and in intensity. The dataset contains over 100 scenes and more than 400 images, including both RAW formatted images and 8 bit BMP pixel and intensity aligned images. We also introduce a method for estimating the true noise level in each of our images. We use our dataset to analyze three current state of the art denoising algorithms: Active Random Field, BM3D, and Multi-Layer Perceptron. We found that BM3D obtains the best denoising results, however it is the slowest of the three methods with Active Random Field taking only a few seconds and Multi-Later Perceptron and BM3D taking a few minutes to half an hour to denoise a 10 to 18 mega-pixel image. Index Terms—image denoising, real camera noise, image dataset I.
Suppression of self-pulsations in DFB fiber lasers (2003)

Summary form only given. The origin of self-pulsations in Er-doped distributed-feedback (DFB) fiber lasers is related to ion clustering at high erbium concentrations. The clusters act as saturable absorbers with switching time much shorter than the population inversion recovery time and can eventually result in spiking behavior of the laser. Reducing the erbium concentration while still providing enough gain in a short cavity DFB fiber laser can be achieved by Yb co-doping which increases the pumping efficiency. Stabilization of the laser against self-pulsations can also be accomplished by resonant pumping or co-pumping directly into the metastable Er-ion state, damping down the oscillations of the population inversion.
Lack of association between <i><scp>F</scp>lavobacterium columnare</i> genomovar and virulence in hybrid tilapia <i><scp>O</scp>reochromis niloticus</i> (<scp>L</scp>.) × <i><scp>O</scp>reochromis aureus</i> (<scp>S</scp>teindachner) (2014)

Columnaris disease can be problematic in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. An understanding of the pathogenesis and virulence of Flavobacterium columnare is needed to develop prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of genetically defined isolates of F. columnare in sex-reversed hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)×O. aureus (Steindachner). A series of immersion challenge trials were performed using isolates of the five established genomovars of F. columnare: I, II, II-B, III and I/II. The mean per cent mortality of fish challenged with genomovar I, II and III isolates ranged from 0 to 100, 3.3-78 and 3.3-75%, respectively. The mean per cent mortality of fish challenged with genomovar II-B ranged from 35 to 96.7%, and the only genomovar I/II isolate tested caused no mortality. Contrary to previous work in other fish species, there did not appear to be an association between F. columnare genomovar and virulence in tilapia. The challenge model used resulted in acute mortality. An alternative challenge model was tested by cohabitating healthy fish with dead fish infected with F. columnare. This method resulted in rapid appearance of clinical signs and mortality, suggesting the potential for F. columnare to increase in virulence upon growth on/in a fish host.
Detection and Classification of Motor Nerve Late-wave Activity (2007)

The health of peripheral nerves is commonly assessed using nerve conduction studies, in which the nerve is stimulated electrically and the evoked responses are analyzed. In motor nerve studies, important diagnostic information is provided by the late-wave responses, comprised of F-waves, A-waves and repeaters. Computer-based analysis of late-wave activity is challenging due to the random nature and low amplitude of these signals. This paper describes an algorithm for segmenting portions of late-wave activity and classifying the type of evoked response. The algorithm may be used to improve the robustness of computer-based late-wave assessment.
A Novel Human Metalloprotease Synthesized in the Liver and Secreted into the Blood: Possibly, the von Willebrand Factor--Cleaving Protease? (2001)

We identified a novel metalloprotease, which could be responsible for cleaving the Tyr842-Met843 peptide bond of von Willebrand factor (vWF). This metalloprotease was purified from Cohn Fraction-I precipitate of human pooled plasma by the combination of gel filtration, DEAE chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the isolated protein was: AAGGILHLELLVAVGPDVFQAHQEDTRRY. Based on this sequence, we searched human genomic and EST databases, and identified compatible nucleotide sequences. These results suggested that this protein is a novel metalloprotease, a member of the family of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type-1 motifs (ADAMTS), and its genomic DNA was mapped to human chromosome 9q34. Multiple human tissue northern blotting analysis indicated that the mRNA encoding this protease spanned approximately 5 kilobases and was uniquely expressed in the liver. Furthermore, we determined the cDNA sequence encoding this protease, and found that this protease was comprised of a signal peptide, a proregion followed by the putative furin cleavage site, a reprolysin-type zinc-metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin-like domain, a thrombospondin type-1 (TSP1) motif, a cysteine-rich region, a spacer domain, and COOH-terminal TSP1 motif repeats.
Discovery of Novel Dual Inhibitors of the Wild-Type and the Most Prevalent Drug-Resistant Mutant, S31N, of the M2 Proton Channel from Influenza A Virus (2013)

Anti-influenza drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, targeting the M2 channel from influenza A virus are no longer effective because of widespread drug resistance. S31N is the predominant and amantadine-resistant M2 mutant, present in almost all of the circulating influenza A strains as well as in the pandemic 2009 H1N1 and the highly pathogenic H5N1 flu strains. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop second-generation M2 inhibitors targeting the S31N mutant. However, the S31N mutant presents a huge challenge to drug discovery, and it has been considered undruggable for several decades. Using structural information, classical medicinal chemistry approaches, and M2-specific biological testing, we discovered benzyl-substituted amantadine derivatives with activity against both S31N and WT, among which 4-(adamantan-1-ylaminomethyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (44) is the most potent dual inhibitor. These inhibitors demonstrate that S31N is a druggable target and provide a new starting point to design novel M2 inhibitors that address the problem of drug-resistant influenza A infections.
Methods for Mitigating Growth of Laser-Initiated Surface Damage on Fused Silcia Optics at 351nm (2001)

We report a summary of the surface damage, growth mitigation effort at 351nm for polished fused silica optics. The objective was to experimentally validate selected methods that could be applied to pre-initiated or retrieved-from-service optics, to stop further damage growth. A specific goal was to obtain sufficient data and information on successful methods for fused silica optics to select a single approach for processing large aperture, fused-silica optics used in high-peak-power laser applications. This paper includes the test results and the evaluation thereof, for several mitigation methods for fused silica surfaces. The mitigation methods tested in this study are wet chemical etching, cold plasma etching, CW-CO{sub 2} laser processing, and micro-flame torch processing. We found that CW-CO{sub 2} laser processing produces the most significant and consistent results to halt laser-induced surface damage growth on fused silica. We recorded successful mitigation of the growth of laser-induced surface damage sites as large as 0.5mm diameter, for 1000 shots at 351nm and fluences in the range of 8 to 13J/cm{sup 2}, {approx}11ns pulse length. We obtained sufficient data for elimination of damage growth using CO{sub 2} laser processing on sub-aperture representative optics, to proceed with application to large aperture ({approx}40 x 40cm{sup 2}) fused silica.