gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective inhibition of EZH2 and EZH1 enzymatic activity by a small molecule suppresses MLL-rearranged leukemia (2014)

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and related EZH1 control gene expression and promote tumorigenesis via methylating histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27). These methyltransferases are ideal therapeutic targets due to their frequent hyperactive mutations and overexpression found in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we characterized a set of small molecules that allow pharmacologic manipulation of EZH2 and EZH1, which include UNC1999, a selective inhibitor of both enzymes, and UNC2400, an inactive analog compound useful for assessment of off-target effect. UNC1999 suppresses global H3K27 trimethylation/dimethylation (H3K27me3/2) and inhibits growth of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemia cells. UNC1999-induced transcriptome alterations overlap those following knockdown of embryonic ectoderm development, a common cofactor of EZH2 and EZH1, demonstrating UNC1999's on-target inhibition. Mechanistically, UNC1999 preferentially affects distal regulatory elements such as enhancers, leading to derepression of polycomb targets including Cdkn2a. Gene derepression correlates with a decrease in H3K27me3 and concurrent gain in H3K27 acetylation. UNC2400 does not induce such effects. Oral administration of UNC1999 prolongs survival of a well-defined murine leukemia model bearing MLL-AF9. Collectively, our study provides the detailed profiling for a set of chemicals to manipulate EZH2 and EZH1 and establishes specific enzymatic inhibition of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-EZH2 and PRC2-EZH1 by small-molecule compounds as a novel therapeutics for MLL-rearranged leukemia.
What is the role of the <i>Cys‐his</i> motif in retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins? (1989)

Retroviruses encode a small, basic nucleocapsid (NC) protein that is found complexed to genomic RNA within the viral particle. The NC protein appears to function not only in a histone-like manner in packaging the RNA into the particle but also in specifically selecting the viral genomic RNA for packaging. A cysteine-histidine (cys-his) region, usually composed of 14 amino acids and reminiscent of the 'zinc fingers' of transcription factors, is the only highly conserved sequence element among the retroviral NC proteins. This review discusses the biochemical properties of NC, and its possible role(s) in retroviral replication. We also speculate on how the biochemical properties may relate to its function in RNA recognition and packaging.
Effect of Loading and Surface Modification of MWCNTs on the Fracture Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposites (2006)

Nanocomposites consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a bifunctional epoxy resin are manufactured by a unique dispersion technique. The effect of loading and surface modification of the MWCNTs on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the nanocomposites is studied. Both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) are used to identify the mechanisms by which the nanocomposites acquired their fracture resistance. At 0.1 wt% loading, both ball-milled and acid-treated MWCNT composites perform better than the neat resin. An increase of 40% in the fracture toughness has been achieved at 0.15 wt% loading with ball-milled MWCNTs. An increase of 80% in the fracture toughness has been achieved at 0.15 wt% loading in the acid-treated MWCNT nanocomposites. The AFM images of the MWCNT nanocomposites reveal that the MWCNTs are well dispersed in both the systems. A better dispersion of MWCNTs has been achieved with acid treatment than with ball milling. The SEM images of the fractured surfaces reveal a tremendous increase in the number of fracture surface features associated with the acid-treated MWCNT nanocomposites, in comparison with the ball-milled MWCNT nanocomposites and the neat resin.
Distributed Computation of Shared Backup Path in Mesh Optical Networks Using Probabilistic Methods (2004)

We assess the benefits of using statistical techniques to ascertain the shareability of protection channels when computing shared-mesh restored lightpaths in optical mesh networks. These optical networks support wavelength conversion everywhere as a byproduct of the electronic nature of the switching in the optical-electronic-optical optical cross connect used. Current deterministic approaches require a detailed level of information proportional to the number of active lightpaths. Although this is not an issue for good sized networks in the foreseeable future, these approaches are not practicable for distributed route computation involving larger networks. On the other hand, distributed approaches that do not make use of shareability information require a significant amount of additional capacity compared to a centralized approach with access to complete shareability information. With the proposed approach we show that even with less information, independent of the amount of traffic demand, it is possible to predict the shareability of protection channels with remarkable accuracy. In addition, we propose a local distributed channel assignment scheme that is used in conjunction with our distributed route computation proposal to assign shared channels when provisioning the backup path. This channel assignment scheme can also be used to further optimize capacity usage in individual links upon certain events or at regular intervals. Experiments are provided that demonstrate that our approach yields faster computation times with no significant penalty in terms of capacity usage than a centralized approach using complete information.
Modelling and analysis of the non-iterative coupling process for co-simulation (2013)

Concerning non-iterative co-simulation, stepwise extrapolation of coupling signals is required to solve an overall system of interconnected subsystems. Each extrapolation is some kind of estimation and is directly associated with an estimation error. The introduced disturbance depends significantly on the macro-step size, i.e. the coupling step size, and influences the entire system behaviour. In addition, for synchronization purposes, sampling of the coupling signals can cause aliasing. Instead of analysing the coupling effects in the time domain, as it is commonly practised, we concentrate on a model-based approach to gain more insight into the coupling process. In this work, we consider commonly used polynomial extrapolation techniques and analyse them in the frequency domain. Based on this system-oriented point of view of the coupling process, a relation between the coupling signals and the macro-step size is available. In accordance to the dynamics of the interconnected subsystems, the model-based relation is used to select the most critical parameter, i.e. the macro-step size. Besides a ‘rule of thumb’ for meaningful step-size selection, a co-simulation benchmark example describing a two degree of freedom (2-DOF) mechanical system is used to demonstrate the advantages of modelling and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Radio network selection scheme notified by the each network's real-time performance in the multi-layered communication network (2012)

Great East Japan Earthquake caused serious damage such as building collapse, fires and flooding as well as damage of communication infrastructures such as mobile phone networks' base stations, backhaul network cables, and etc. In addition, the amount of mobile communication call reached over several dozen times normal situations, and mobile operators was forced to conduct admission control. These combinational reasons had made mobile communication disabled at least several days in wide areas of Japan. A conventional mobile phone supports multiple radio networks such as Cellular and Wi-Fi, however, it does not select an optimal network due to the lack of the network status/quality information acquisition capability. In order to make mobile communication enable even in disasters, the multi-layered communication network is proposed. This paper introduces the overview of multi-layered communication network, and the concept of network selection scheme, which will be implemented on a mobile phone through the research and development project.
Boron nitride nanotubes and nanoplatelets as reinforcing agents of polymeric matrices for bone tissue engineering (2015)

This study investigates the mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of one- and two-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials-reinforced biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) nanocomposites were fabricated using crosslinking agent N-vinyl pyrrolidone and inorganic nanomaterials: boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNPs) dispersed at 0.2 wt % in the polymeric matrix. The incorporation of BNNPs and BNNTs resulted in a ∼38 and ∼15% increase in compressive (Young's) modulus, and ∼31 and ∼6% increase in compressive yield strength compared to PPF control, respectively. The nanocomposites showed a time-dependent increased protein adsorption for collagen I protein. The cytotoxicity evaluation of aqueous BNNT and BNNP dispersions (at 1-100 μg/mL concentrations) using murine MC3T3 preosteoblast cells showed ∼73-99% viability. The cytotoxicity evaluation of media extracts of nanocomposites before crosslinking, after crosslinking, and upon degradation (using 1×-100× dilutions) showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity responses. Crosslinked nanocomposites showed excellent (∼79-100%) cell viability, cellular attachment (∼57-67%), and spreading similar to cells grown on the surface of tissue culture polystyrene control. The media extracts of degradation products showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The favorable cytocompatibility results in combination with improved mechanical properties of BNNT and BNNP nanocomposites opens new avenues for further in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy studies towards bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 406-419, 2017.
Studies on the lenticel development, surface microflora and infection by common scab (<i>Streptomyces scabies</i>) of potato tubers growing in wet and dry soils (1978)

SUMMARY The mechanisms of control of potato common scab ( Streptomyces scabies ) by irrigation were investigated in 5 years by studying the growth and surface microflora of young potato tubers developing in wet or dry soils. Direct examination of the tuber surface by light or scanning electron microscopy showed that the newly formed internodes near the apex, which carry stomata, had a very sparse microflora. In dry soil the older internodes, which carry lenticels at a susceptible stage, were increasingly colonised by actinomycete hyphae and discrete, although sometimes large, bacterial colonies. In wet soil, actinomycetes were rarely seen on tuber surfaces but bacteria were generally scattered over them, differences not always shown by isolation from periderm pieces onto water agar. When dry scab‐infested soil was wetted, scabs did not subsequently develop on the two youngest tuber internodes (A‐1, A‐2), which may be an example of disease escape rather than inherent resistance of the stomata. The scab control achieved in wet soil was probably caused by some form of microbial antagonism, but whether through competition or antibiosis was not established.
Isolated limb infusion with melphalan and dactinomycin for regional melanoma and soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity: final report of a phase II clinical trial (2009)

Isolated limb infusion (ILI) is a minimally invasive technique of delivering regional chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma or soft-tissue sarcoma of the limb. We report the final results of the first clinical trial of ILI in North America (NCT00004250). Eligible patients had recurrent melanoma or unresectable soft-tissue sarcoma of the limb. Angiographic catheters were positioned just above the knee or elbow of the extremity. General anesthesia was performed, a proximal tourniquet inflated, and a normothermic, low flow, hypoxic infusion of melphalan and dactinomycin circulated through the involved limb for 20 min. Tumor response and morbidity were assessed using standard criteria. Thirty-seven patients were accrued to the trial and 44 ILIs were performed (eight patients had two ILIs); one patient was not treated. Of the 32 evaluable patients, 17 (53%) had a significant response at 3 months: 25% of patients had a complete response and 28% of patients had a partial response. The median duration of complete response was 1 year (5-32 months). Morbidity was acceptable, with peak erythema, edema, and pain experienced at 2 weeks and considered 'moderate' in most patients. No patients developed compartment syndrome or required amputation because of ILI. ILI is well tolerated. More than half of the treated patients experienced a complete or partial response.
New fusion protein systems statistically designed to avoid inclusion body formation in Escherichia coli. (1998)

Using human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) as a model heterologous insoluble protein, three gene fusions were constructed that code for a native E. coli protein at the N-terminus and hIL-3 at the C-terminus. The three native E. coli proteins, NusA, GrpE, and bacterioferritin (BFR), were chosen based on their favorable cytoplasmic solubility characteristics as predicted by a statistical solubility model for recombinant proteins in E. coli. Modeling predicted the probability of soluble fusion protein expression in the following order: NusA (most soluble), GrpE, BFR, and thioredoxin (least soluble). Expression experiments showed that NusA/hIL-3 fusion protein was expressed almost completely in the soluble fraction while GrpE/hIL-3 and BFR/hIL-3 exhibited partial solubility at $\\rm 37\\sp\\circ C.$ Thioredoxin/hIL-3 was expressed almost completely in the insoluble fraction. hIL-3 was purified to homogeneity from the NusA/hIL-3 fusion protein using an N-terminal histidine tag, factor Xa protease cleavage, and anion exchange chromatography. These results have a broad significance to the biotechnology field since insoluble heterologous protein expression in E. coli continues to be a pervasive problem in both industrial and academic research. Also, these results represent a successful example of how statistical modeling can be used to design a novel protein expression system for a specific cell type.
Use of insulin aspart, a fast-acting insulin analog, as the mealtime insulin in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes. (2000)

Postprandial glycemic control was significantly better with IAsp compared with HI after 6 and 12 months of treatment. The improvement was not obtained at an increased risk of hypoglycemia. HbA1c was slightly, but significantly, lower for IAsp compared with HI at 6 and 12 months.
PREDICTION OF HEART DISEASE ON THE BASISOF A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH (2020)

Heart disorder is one of the maximum common illnesses. This sickness is quite not unusual now days while we
used extraordinary attributes that might relate to these coronary heart diseases properly to discover a higher
method of predicting, and we extensively utilized algorithms for predicting. Naive Bayes, the set of rules is
analyzed by way of a dataset based totally on hazard factors. We extensively utilized choice trees and a mixture
of algorithms to are expecting heart sickness based on the above attributes. Machine Learning algorithms and
strategies were used in severa medical databases to simplify the examine of big and complex records. Many
researchers, these days, had been the usage of numerous gadget getting to know strategies to help the fitness
care enterprise and the professionals in the prognosis of heart related diseases. This paper affords A survey of
various models based totally on those algorithms and strategies and a top level view of their results. Machine
getting to know encompasses synthetic intelligence and is used to clear up several problems in facts technology.
One precise application of device learning is the prediction of an outcome based totally on existing data. The pc
learns styles from the modern dataset and then applies them to an unknown dataset to are expecting the end
result. Classification is a popular device mastering method widely used for prediction. Many classification
algorithms forecast with sufficient precision, while others have poor accuracy. This paper discusses a system
known as Ensemble Classification, which is used to increase the accuracy of poor algorithms by way of
combining numerous classifiers. Experiments the usage of this device have been performed the use of a dataset
for heart disorder. A comparative theoretical method has been used to assess how the Ensemble technique may
be used to improve the accuracy of cardiac predictions. The emphasis of this paper isn't only on increasing the
accuracy of terrible classification algorithms, but additionally on imposing a medical dataset set of rules to
illustrate its early-stage efficacy in predicting sickness.
Incidência e evolução da polipose nasal em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística (2008)

A polipose nasal é manifestação clínica de alerta para investigação de fibrose cística (FC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar incidência de pólipos nasais em crianças e adolescentes com FC, sua associação com idade, sexo, sintomas clínicos, achados laboratoriais e genótipo, e sua evolução com corticoterapia tópica. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados sintomas clínicos, níveis de cloro no suor e mutações genéticas de 23 pacientes com FC. A polipose nasal foi investigada por exame endoscópico e quando presente, o paciente recebeu 6 meses de tratamento com corticosteróide tópico e foi realizada nova endoscopia depois. Para análise estatística utilizou-se média, desvio padrão e Teste de Fisher. RESULTADOS: 39,1% dos pacientes apresentaram polipose nasal (cinco bilateral, quatro unilateral), todos com mais de seis anos, 82,6%, pneumonias recorrentes, 87%, insuficiência pancreática e 74%, desnutrição. Não houve associação entre polipose e nível de cloro no suor, genótipo, fenótipo clínico e sintomas nasais. Houve melhora da polipose com tratamento clínico em sete pacientes, com regressão completa em seis. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou elevada incidência de polipose em crianças com FC, sendo encontrada em todos os espectros de gravidade clínica, mesmo na ausência de sintomas nasais. O tratamento com corticosteróide tópico mostrou-se eficaz. A interação de pneumopediatra e do otorrinolaringologista é fundamental para diagnóstico e seguimento.
Single-Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Characterization of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Population Dynamics (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by most cells. EVs carry a multitude of different biological molecules, including protein, lipid, DNA, and RNA, and are postulated to facilitate cell-to-cell communication in diverse tissues and organs. Recently, EVs have attracted significant attention as biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutic agents for various diseases. Many methods have been developed for EV characterization. However, current methods for EV analysis all have different limitations. Thus, developing efficient and effective methods for EV isolation and characterization remains one of the crucial steps for this cutting-edge research field as it matures. Here, we provide a detailed protocol outlining a single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS), as a method that is capable of detecting and characterizing EVs from unpurified biological sources and purified EVs by other methodologies. This advanced technique can be used for multi-level and comprehensive measurements for the analysis of EV size, EV count, EV phenotype, and biomarker colocalization.
Antitumour activity of N6-substituted PMEDAP derivatives against T-cell lymphoma. (2001)

The antitumour activity of four N6-substituted PMEDAP derivatives, Me2NEt-PMEDAP, allyl-PMEDAP, Me2-PMEDAP and cypr-PMEDAP, selected on the basis of their in vitro cytostatic activity, was studied in an in vivo model of haematological malignancy of inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. These compounds are believed to serve as the prodrugs of another (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl derivative, PMEG (9-[2-phosphonomethoxy) ethyl] guanine. We compared their toxicity and ability to inhibit tumour development in two different dosage regimes with those of their parent compound PMEDAP, as well with PMEG. The study confirmed the anticancer efficacy of the parental compound PMEDAP. Unlike PMEDAP, its N6-mono- and disubstituted congeners Me2NEt-PMEDAP, allyl-PMEDAP and Me2-PMEDAP were less potent or exhibited the same antineoplastic effect as PMEDAP. cypr-PMEDAP significantly decreased the survival of lymphoma-bearing rats due to high toxicity, which was approximately the same as that of PMEG. Therefore, these acyclic nucleoside phosphonates substituted at the 6-position of 2,6-diaminopurine ring do not seem to be promising drugs for the treatment of haematological malignancies.
DEEJAM: Defeating Energy-Efficient Jamming in IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Networks (2007)

Jamming is a very effective denial-of-service attack that renders most higher-layer security mechanisms moot - yet it is often ignored in WSN design. We show that an interrupt jamming attack is simple to perpetrate in software using a MICAz mote, is energy efficient and stealthy for the jammer, and completely disrupts communication. Solutions are needed to mitigate this insider threat even if more powerful attackers are not thwarted. We present DEEJAM, a novel MAC-layer protocol for defeating stealthy jammers with IEEE 802.15.4-based hardware, to address this problematic area. It layers four defensive mechanisms to hide communication from a jammer, evade its search, and reduce its impact. Given the difficulty of modeling the physical layer accurately in simulation, we evaluate DEEJAM instead on the MICAz mote. We show the performance of the protocol against successively more complex attacks: interrupt jamming, activity jamming, scan jamming, and pulse jamming. Results show that DEEJAM defeats the otherwise devastating interrupt jammer, and achieves a packet delivery ratio of 88% in the presence of a pulse jammer. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to confront multiple types of jamming on common WSN hardware with solutions that are shown empirically to enable continued communication despite an ongoing attack.
Optimization of aerobraked orbital transfer vehicles (1981)

A new method for utilizing the upper atmosphere to modify earth orbital trajectories through use of a pressure supported drag brake has been previously proposed. Analytical results and initial wind tunnel test data indicate that there is considerable improvement available to the original aerobraking concept. Optimization of the drag brake with respect to size versus structural heating, and the application of more advanced cooling techniques, indicates that reductions in weight and volume of the aerobraking system by 50 percent should be possible. Additional analysis indicates that further improvements might be available through use of a alternate drag control mode which eliminates the need to throttle the vehicle main engine during the aerobraking maneuver.