gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isochronal synchronization of delay-coupled systems (2007)

We consider small network models for mutually delay-coupled systems which typically do not exhibit stable isochronally synchronized solutions. We show analytically and numerically that for certain coupling architectures which involve delayed self-feedback to the nodes, the oscillators become isochronally synchronized. Applications are shown for both incoherent pump-coupled lasers and spatiotemporal coupled fiber ring lasers.
Parametric packet-layer video quality model for IPTV (2010)

This paper presents a parametric packet-layer model for predicting perceived quality of High Definition (HD, 1920 × 1080) and Standard Definition (SD, 720 × 576) videos for IPTV services. The model can be applied both for network planning and service monitoring. It takes as input the video resolution, packet-layer information such as bit-rate, packet-loss-rate and burstiness factor, and information on the encoder/decoder settings such as the number of slices per frame and the packet-loss-concealment. Addressed degradations are compression artifacts related to H.264 and MPEG2 encoding, and transmission errors leading to slicing errors or freezing, depending on the applied packet-loss-concealment. Extensive subjective video quality tests have been conducted for measuring the perceived quality of the original and degraded video sequences. The model is developed based on the obtained test results. The model prediction shows a correlation of 0.98 for HD and 0.96 for SD with the mean subjective ratings.
Frontiers in optical stimulation of neural tissues: past, present, and future (2008)

Since lasers were first used in medicine and biomedical related research there have been a variety of documented effects following the irradiation of neural tissues. The first systematic studies to report the direct stimulatory effect of infrared light on neural tissues were performed by researchers at Vanderbilt University in the rat sciatic nerve. These initial studies demonstrated a set of associated advantages of standard stimulation methods, which lead to much excitement and anticipation from the neuroscience community and industry. The inception of this new field included a partnership between industry and academia to foster the development, not only of the applications but also a series of devices to support the research and ultimate commercialization of technology. Currently several institutions are actively utilizing this technique in various applications including in the cochlear and vestibular systems. As more researchers enter the field and new devices are developed we anticipate the number of applications will continue to grow. Some of the next steps will include the establishment of the safety and efficacy data to move this technique to clinical trials and human use.
Joint rewriting and error correction in write-once memories (2013)

Both rewriting and error correction are important technologies for non-volatile memories, especially flash memories. However, coding schemes that combine them have been limited. This paper presents a new coding scheme that combines rewriting and error correction for the write-once memory model. Its construction is based on polar codes, and it supports any number of rewrites and corrects a substantial number of errors. The code is analyzed for the binary symmetric channel, and experimental results verify its performance. The results can be extended to multi-level cells and more general noise models.
Hardware Implementation of a String Matching Algorithm Based on the FM-Index (2012)

String matching is the searching of patterns in a very long string called text. It is involved in DNA sequence mapping that matches millions of short patterns, called reads, on a reference genome. The length of the reads is in the range of 36 to 150 characters and a typical genome length is billions of characters. The processing massive amount of data led to the development of advanced algorithms. The FM-index, based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform, is a recently developed data structure utilized by the fastest software tool to map millions of reads on a reference genome. Although the FM-index is a very sophisticated tool used for mapping, current software tools still need faster execution due to rapidly increasing data because of improved sequencing technologies.The focus of this research is improving the execution time of existing string matching algorithm based on the FM-index through hardware acceleration using FPGAs. We introduce FHAST (FPGA Hardware Accelerated Sequence-matching Tool) as an accelerator acting as a drop-in replacement for Bowtie, an industry-accepted software mapping tool. FHAST uses a multi-threaded architecture masking external memory latency by executing concurrent hardware threads. FHAST is implemented on a Convey HC-1 supercomputing system to take advantage of high memory bandwidth and shared memory space of hardware and software. We observe an actual speed up as high as 70x compared to Bowtie, which reduces execution runs from hours to minutes.
Angiotensin-(1–7) Expressed From Lactobacillus Bacteria Protect Diabetic Retina in Mice (2020)

Probiotics-based delivery of Ang-(1-7) may hold important therapeutic potential for the treatment of DR and other diabetic complications.
Nitride-based green light-emitting diodes with high temperature GaN barrier layers (2003)

High-quality InGaN-GaN multiquantum well (MQW) light-emitting diode (LED) structures were prepared by temperature ramping method during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth. It was found that we could reduce the 20-mA forward voltage and increase the output intensity of the nitride-based green LEDs by increasing the growth temperature of GaN barrier layers from 700/spl deg/C to 950/spl deg/C. The 20-mA output power and maximum output power of the nitride-based green LEDs with high temperature GaN barrier layers was found to be 2.2 and 8.9 mW, respectively, which were more than 65% larger than those observed from conventional InGaN-GaN green LEDs. Such an observation could be attributed to the improved crystal quality of GaN barrier layers. The reliability of these LEDs was also found to be reasonably good.
Manufacture and characterisation of thin flat and curved auxetic foam sheets (2012)

Abstract A new method for the production of thin flat and curved auxetic foam sheets by uniaxial compression is reportted in this paper. Detailed optical microscopy and Poisson's ratio measurement by videoextensometry has revealed that the auxetic behaviour is due to a crumpling of the pores through the foam thickness, caused by a uniaxial compression of 40–60% in combination with shear for the curved foams. Poisson's ratio values of up to −3 have been recorded for the curved foams and −0.3 for the flat sheets.
Development and optimization of two-dimensional centering algorithm for bacterial rapid detection system using forward scattering (2008)

Time needed for detection and identification of bacteria can be much shortened using the unique light-scattering pattern after being exposed to the laser source from the new platform named BARDOT (Bacteria Rapid Detection using Optical scattering Technology). The resulting pattern is compared to the compiled pattern library to search for similarity, hence determine the types of bacteria. The system consists of a laser source, an imaging camera, a scattering camera, and a two-dimensional stage. First the imaging camera captures the image of the sample on Petri-dish and locates the center coordinate locations of each cluster. Then the two-dimensional stage translates the Petri-dish such that the incident laser beam is upon the individual sample cluster and performs a centering process which is an fine-adjustment to capture a concentric scattering pattern. The displacement of the platform during this process is determined from the difference of the centroid of the laser beam without sample and that of scattered laser beam with sample. Using MATLAB to design and test the centering algorithm, the time taken for the centering algorithm can be minimized by generating a linear relationship between the lateral distance of the sample movement and the difference of the centroid. The initial algorithm utilized the non-linear relationship without any compensation of the difference of the centroid value. Thus it took multiple steps of motions to reach the center location if the difference of colony center to the laser center is larger than the radius of the sample cluster. With the help of newly designed algorithm, a linear relationship is achieved via identifying the specific location of the starting point of centering algorithm and compensating the corresponding centroid difference to match the actual displacement. Therefore the total time needed to satisfy the centeredness of the scattering pattern is minimized.
Label-Free DNA Sensor Based on Surface Charge Modulated Ionic Conductance (2009)

The surface charge effect in controlling ionic conductance through a nanoporous alumina membrane is investigated for its application in a convenient detection method of unlabeled DNA. To this goal, surface modification with mixtures of neutral silanes and morpholinos (neutral analogues of DNA) was optimized to yield a strong effect on ionic conductance change upon DNA binding, which can exceed an order of magnitude. The effect can be employed in fabrication of inexpensive DNA sensors.
Diffractive optics: the gradial zone lens (1994)

A gradial zone lens has the diffractive component within the bulk lens rather than as a surface-relief profile. It is constructed by spin molding annular zones from microliter volumes of monomers injected into a rotating mold. Plastic lenses have micrometer width zones with dimensions that give a phase difference of modulo 2pi. A gradial lens made with flat surfaces shows a series of foci similar to those of a radially blazed grating; however, when zones are placed within a plano-convex lens, there is an additive contribution from both refractive and diffractive focusing.
Recovery of zinc from electric-arc furnace dust by leaching with aqueous hydrochloric acid, plating of zinc and regeneration of electrolyte (2000)

(2000). Recovery of zinc from electric-arc furnace dust by leaching with aqueous hydrochloric acid, plating of zinc and regeneration of electrolyte. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy: Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 121-128.
Preparation of some fatty glycolic acid derivatives and screening for antimicrobial activity (1980)

Abstract Nine glycolic acid derivatives were prepared and screened as primary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and for antimicrobial activity. Two types of compounds were represented: (a) those with a methyl or ethyl ester grouping at the carboxyl function of glycolic acid and a fatty acyl group at the hydroxyl function; and (b) those with three acyl groups attached at the hydroxyl functions of the amide, resulting from the reaction of glycolic acid and diethanolamine. None of the compounds was compatible with PVC at the 35% level of incorporation, and the compounds were not further evaluated as plasticizers. They were screened for antimicrobial activity against a gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ; a gram‐negative bacterium, Escherichia coli ; a yeast, Candida utilis ; and a mold, Penicillium sp. Six of the compounds inhibited two or more of the test organisms suggesting some of these materials merit further testing as biostatic agents.
The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands. Annual report (1990)

Topics discussed include: characterization of bitumen impregnated sandstone, water based tar sand separation technology, electrophoretic characterization of bitumen and fine mineral particles, bitumen and tar sand slurry viscosity, the hot water digestion-flotation process, electric field use on breaking water-in-oil emulsions, upgrading of bitumens and bitumen-derived liquids, solvent extraction.
Malaria-Infected Mice Live Until at Least Day 30 after a New Artemisinin-Derived Thioacetal Thiocarbonate Combined with Mefloquine Are Administered Together in a Single, Low, Oral Dose (2012)

In only three steps and in 21-67% overall yields from the natural trioxane artemisinin, a series of 21 new trioxane C-10 thioacetals was prepared. Upon receiving a single oral dose of only 6 mg/kg of the monomeric trioxane 12c combined with 18 mg/kg of mefloquine hydrochloride, Plasmodium berghei-infected mice survived on average 29.8 days after infection. Two of the four mice in this group had no parasites detectable in their blood on day 30 after infection, and they behaved normally and appeared healthy. One of the mice had 11% blood parasitemia on day 30, and one mouse in this group died on day 29. Of high medicinal importance, the efficacy of this ACT chemotherapy is much better than (almost double) the efficacy under the same conditions using as a positive control the popular trioxane drug artemether plus mefloquine hydrochloride (average survival time of only 16.5 days).
Characterizing multi-agent team behavior from partial team tracings: evidence from the english premier league (2012)

Real-world AI systems have been recently deployed which can automatically analyze the plan and tactics of tennis players. As the game-state is updated regularly at short intervals (i.e. point-level), a library of successful and unsuccessful plans of a player can be learnt over time. Given the relative strengths and weaknesses of a player's plans, a set of proven plans or tactics from the library that characterize a player can be identified. For low-scoring, continuous team sports like soccer, such analysis for multi-agent teams does not exist as the game is not segmented into "discretized" plays (i.e. plans), making it difficult to obtain a library that characterizes a team's behavior. Additionally, as player tracking data is costly and difficult to obtain, we only have partial team tracings in the form of ball actions which makes this problem even more difficult. In this paper, we propose a method to overcome these issues by representing team behavior via play-segments, which are spatio-temporal descriptions of ball movement over fixed windows of time. Using these representations we can characterize team behavior from entropy maps, which give a measure of predictability of team behaviors across the field. We show the efficacy and applicability of our method on the 2010-2011 English Premier League soccer data.
Cyclic-prefix CDMA with antenna diversity (2003)

This paper explores the addition of antenna diversity schemes to the recently-proposed cyclic-prefix CDMA (CP-CDMA) system concept CP-CDMA is a novel type of single carrier DS-CDMA that employs OFDM-style cyclic prefixes for the purposes of facilitating efficient frequency-domain equalization in broadband CDMA cellular systems. CP-CDMA is intended for high-bandwidth, high-delay-spread cellular channels (especially in the forward link), such as those envisioned for systems that evolve from current 3G CDMA standards. This paper proposes transmit and receive antenna diversity techniques for CP-CDMA systems that operate with high user loading and multi-level modulation in broadband high delay-spread channels. Simulation results show that the proposed transmit diversity technique and receive frequency domain equalization provide vastly superior performance than previous Walsh-code-based transmit diversity methods using RAKE reception.
Cloning, purification, and characterization of a new DNA polymerase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. NA1. (2007)

Genomic analysis of Thermococcus sp. NA revealed the presence of a 3,927-base-pair (bp) family B-type DNA polymerase gene, TNA1_pol. TNA1_pol, without its intein, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified using metal affinity chromatography, and characterized. TNA1_pol activity was optimal at pH 7.5 and 75 degrees C. TNA1_pol was highly thermostable, with a half-life of 3.5 h at 100 degrees C and 12.5 h at 95 degrees C. Polymerase chain reaction parameters of TNA1_pol such as error-rate, processivity, and extension rate were measured in comparison with rTaq, Pfu, and KOD DNA polymerases. TNA1_pol averaged one incorrect bp every 4.45 kilobases (kb), and had a processivity of 150 nucleotides (nt) and an extension rate of 60 bases/s. Thus, TNA1_pol has a much faster elongation rate than Pfu DNA polymerase with 7-fold higher fidelity than that of rTaq.
LGR5 Interacts and Cointernalizes with Wnt Receptors To Modulate Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2012)

LGR5, a seven-transmembrane domain receptor of the rhodopsin family, is a Wnt target gene and a bona fide marker of adult stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract and hair follicle bulge. Recently, we and others demonstrated that LGR5 and its homologues function as receptors of the R-spondin family of stem cell factors to potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, the mechanism of how LGR5 enhances the signaling output remains unclear. Here we report that following costimulation with the ligands R-spondin1 and Wnt3a, LGR5 interacts and forms a supercomplex with the Wnt coreceptors LRP6 and Fzd5 which is rapidly internalized and then degraded. Internalization of LGR5 is mediated through a dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway. Inhibition of this endocytic process has no effect on LGR5 signaling. Deletion of the C-terminal tail of LGR5 maintains its ability to interact with LRP6, yet this LGR5 mutant exhibits increased signaling activity and a decreased rate of endocytosis in response to R-spondin1 compared to the wild-type receptor. This study provides direct evidence that LGR5 becomes part of the Wnt signaling complex at the membrane level to enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, internalization of LGR5 does not appear to be essential for potentiating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Role of α-Dystroglycan as a Schwann Cell Receptor for <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> (1998)

alpha-Dystroglycan (alpha-DG) is a component of the dystroglycan complex, which is involved in early development and morphogenesis and in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies. Here, alpha-DG was shown to serve as a Schwann cell receptor for Mycobacterium leprae, the causative organism of leprosy. Mycobacterium leprae specifically bound to alpha-DG only in the presence of the G domain of the alpha2 chain of laminin-2. Native alpha-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2-mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. leprae may use linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton through laminin-2 and alpha-DG for its interaction with Schwann cells.
Gadolinium in human glioblastoma cells for gadolinium neutron capture therapy. (2001)

157Gd is a potential agent for neutron capture cancer therapy (GdNCT). We directly observed the microdistribution of Gd in cultured human glioblastoma cells exposed to Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). We demonstrated, with three independent techniques, that Gd-DTPA penetrates the plasma membrane, and we observed no deleterious effect on cell survival. A systematic microchemical analysis revealed a higher Gd accumulation in cell nuclei compared with cytoplasm. This is significant for prospective GdNCT because the proximity of Gd to DNA increases the cell-killing potential of the short-range, high-energy electrons emitted during the neutron capture reaction. We also exposed Gd-containing cells to thermal neutrons and demonstrated the GdNC reaction effectiveness in inducing cell death. These results in vitro stimulated in vivo Gd-DTPA uptake studies, currently underway, in human glioblastoma patients.
Noncontact Large-Scale Displacement Tracking: Doppler Radar for Water Level Gauging (2014)

Doppler radar has been used for small-scale displacement detection, e.g. respiration and heartbeat. The motion amplitude is less than half a carrier wavelength. In this letter, a novel Doppler radar technique is presented for accurate tracking of large-scale displacement of several carrier wavelengths, e.g., the water level variation. The DC-coupled architecture is used to ensure precise measurement of slow motions even with stationary moment. A novel signal processing approach is proposed to increase the demodulation linearity to deal with inconstant signal amplitude, dynamic dc offset and phase ambiguity in large-scale displacement tracking. Experiments have been carried out in the outdoor environment to monitor the relative water level position in a rain barrel when the water was pumped in or drained out. It is shown that the proposed technique can accurately gauge the relative water level variation of 3.5 wavelengths with mm accuracy.
Positively Charged Surfactant-like Peptides Self-assemble into Nanostructures (2003)

A new type of surfactant peptide designed to mimic the properties of cationic lipid systems is described. These cationic surfactant peptides are approximately 2 nm in length with a cationic, hydrophilic head consisting of one to two residues of lysine or histidine followed by a hydrophobic tail of six alanine, valine, or leucine residues. In water, these surfactant peptides form ordered structures with dynamic behaviors. At pH below the pI values of the peptides, dynamic light scattering showed two distinct structural populations with average diameters of 50 nm (>95%) and 100−200 nm (<5%). Transmission electron microscopy visualization of quick-frozen samples revealed these populations to likely represent nanotubes and nanovesicles, respectively, showing great interplay between them. Above the pI, these structures are absent, having further self-assembled into large membranous sheets. These cationic surfactant peptides are distinct from other anionic surfactant peptides and have different applications, possibly being useful as carriers for encapsulation and delivery of a number of small water-insoluble molecules and large biological molecular systems, including negatively charged nucleic acids.
Combustion Timing Modeling and Control Framework for Biodiesel/Diesel Blends During Pre-Mixed Combustion (2012)

Strict emissions constraints and interest in increasing engine efficiency are causing growing attention on advanced combustion strategies such as premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) which can drastically lower particulate matter, and nitrogen oxide emissions. Control of PCCI requires an understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern the combustion process and can be challenging since there is no direct trigger for beginning the combustion process. In addition, the timing of the actual start of combustion (SOC) is affected by the in-cylinder conditions (such as temperature and pressure) as well as the fuel being utilized. This paper focuses on the development of a control-oriented physics-based model which predicts the SOC for diesel and biodiesel to within ±2°CA. Validation efforts demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in capturing SOC for multiple fuels and point to the strong role of in-cylinder oxygen content in influencing the SOC. A control framework which controls SOC through regulation of in-cylinder conditions is shown to be effective in controlling combustion phasing for both diesel and biodiesel in PCCI.© 2012 ASME
Towards a solid-state ring laser gyroscope (2014)

In this paper, we report our recent progress towards a solid-state ring laser gyroscope (RLG), where mode competition is circumvented by active control of differential losses, and nonlinear effects are mitigated by longitudinal vibration of the gain medium. The resulting dynamics is significantly different from that of a classical helium–neon RLG, owing in particular to parametric resonances that occur when the Sagnac frequency is an integer multiple of the crystal vibration frequency. We describe the main experimental and theoretical results obtained so far, and the prospects of practical applications in the near future.