gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proof of Concept to Clinical Confirmation: Evolving Clinical Trial Designs for Targeted Agents (2012)

No single therapy benefits the majority of patients in the practice of oncology as responses differ even among patients with similar tumor types. The variety of response to therapy witnessed while treating our patients supports the concept of personalized medicine using patients' genomic and biologic information and their clinical characteristics to make informed decisions about their treatment. Personalized medicine relies on identification and confirmation of biologic targets and development of agents to target them. These targeted agents tend to focus on subsets of patients and provide improved clinical outcomes. The continued success of personalized medicine will depend on the expedited development of new agents from proof of concept to confirmation of clinical efficacy.
Traffic Sign Recognition using CNN and Keras (2021)

Detection and recognition of traffic signs is very important and could potentially be used for driver assistance to reduce accidents and eventually in driverless automobiles.Also traffic signs are essential part of day to day lives. They contain critical information that ensures the safety of all the people . As there are number of traffic signs throughout the world , it is almost impossible for human beings to remember them and identity their meaning which create huge traffic accidents and human loss throughout the world so it is important to establish this project that will remember the traffic signs of all the country throughout the world.
Targeted α-Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617: Swimmer-Plot Analysis Suggests Efficacy Regarding Duration of Tumor Control (2018)

The aim of this evaluation was to identify the first indicators of efficacy for <sup>225</sup>Ac-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 therapy in a retrospectively analyzed group of patients. <b>Methods:</b> Forty patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were selected for treatment with three 100 kBq/kg cycles of <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 at 2-mo intervals. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and blood cell count were measured every 4 wk. PSMA PET/CT or PSMA SPECT/CT were used for baseline staging and imaging follow-up at month 6. Follow-up included the duration of PSA response and radiologic progression-free survival at month 6. Patient histories were reviewed for the duration of previous treatment lines, and a swimmer plot was used to intraindividually compare the duration of tumor control by PSMA therapy versus prior treatment modalities. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-one of 40 patients were treated per protocol. Five patients discontinued treatment because of nonresponse, and 4 because of xerostomia. Of the 38 patients surviving at least 8 wk, 24 (63%) had a PSA decline of more than 50%, and 33 (87%) had a PSA response of any degree. The median duration of tumor control under <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 last-line therapy was 9.0 mo; 5 patients had an enduring response of more than 2 y. Because all patients had advanced disease, this result compares favorably with the tumor control rates associated with earlier-phase disease; the most common preceding first-, second-, third-, and fourth-line therapies were abiraterone (median duration 10.0 mo), docetaxel (6.5 mo), enzalutamide (6.5 mo), and cabazitaxel (6.0 mo), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> A positive response for surrogate parameters demonstrates remarkable antitumor activity for <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617. Swimmer-plot analysis indicates a promising duration of tumor control, especially considering the unfavorable prognostic profile of the selected advanced-stage patients. Xerostomia was the main reason patients discontinued therapy or refused additional administrations and was in the same dimension as nonresponse; this finding indicates that further modifications of the treatment regimen with regard to side effects might be necessary to further enhance the therapeutic range.
Transcription Activation Parameters at (1996)

We studied the formation of open complexes of RNA polymerase and promoter DNA as activated by the AraC protein at the Escherichia coli araBAD promoter pBAD and by the cyclic AMP receptor protein at the galKTE promoter P1. The DNA migration retardation assay was demonstrated to be suitable for the detection and quantitation of open complexes by the correspondence in the properties of open complexes in solution and retarded complexes observed in gels. These included, on the ara promoter, heparin resistance, lifetime, DNAseI footprinting, exonuclease III footprinting, permanganate footprinting and disappearance upon transcription, and on the gal promoter, the correspondence between the kinetic parameters Kd and k2 obtained with established techniques and those obtained with the migration retardation assay. On the pBAD promoter we obtained kinetic parameters of Kd = 0.3 nM and K2 = 1 minute(-1). The unusually tight binding of polymerase in the presence of AraC suggests that AraC binds polymerase tightly.
The biological effects of topical alginate treatment in an animal model of skin wound healing (2009)

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process of tissue repair that involves a number of cellular and molecular events. It proceeds from inflammatory response to reepithelialization and finally to formation of a permanent scar. Alginate is a polymer of guluronic and mannuronic acid that is used as a scaffolding material in biomedical applications. For the purpose of studying wound healing, full-thickness skin defects were produced on the dorsal area in rats. We measured the relative sizes of the wounds on days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28. The wound sizes were decreased in the alginate-treated group compared with the control group and the vaseline-treated group. The expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly decreased in the alginate-treated group compared with the control group, while the expression of collagen-I was increased in the alginate-treated group, as indicated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. These data suggest that alginate has significant wound healing promoting activity. The results from the present study indicate that the effect of alginate on wound healing may involve biological mechanisms associated with the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen-I.
Transition to chaos in converging–diverging channel flows: Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse scenario (1994)

Direct numerical simulations of the transition process from laminar to chaotic flow in converging–diverging channels are presented. The chaotic flow regime is reached after a sequence of successive supercritical Hopf bifurcations to periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic self-sustained flow regimes. The numerical experiments reveal three distinct bifurcations as the Reynolds number is increased, each adding a new fundamental frequency to the velocity spectrum. In addition, frequency-locked periodic solutions with independent but synchronized periodic functions are obtained. A scenario similar to the Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse scenario of the onset of chaos is verified in this forced convective open system flow. The results are illustrated for different Reynolds numbers using time-velocity histories, Fourier power spectra, and phase space trajectories. The global structure of the self-sustained oscillatory flow for a periodic regime is also discussed.
Antigen binding of antiganglioside antibodies in vitro is strongly influenced by the ganglioside composition of the sample (1996)

The ability of antiganglioside antibodies to detect their respective antigens in various environments was studied. In contrast to sensitive detection of pure ganglioside standards by ELISA, antibody binding to mixtures of gangliosides was drastically reduced. This loss of sensitivity also occurred with immunostaining of gangliosides absorbed to silica gel. Moreover, absorption of antibodies to antigen‐containing lipid vesicles failed, if the vesicles were prepared together with other gangliosides. These data indicate that antigen accessibility is strongly influenced by surrounding gangliosides. This should be considered whenever gangliosides are traced by antibodies. The ELISA procedure appears useful to test for such properties.
Adaptive Cross-layer Fragmentation for Reliable Wireless IPTV Services (2007)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive cross-layer fragmentation technique for reliable IPTV service delivery over 802.11 WLAN. In our service, the link layer fragmentation is controlled dynamically by the application layer (i.e., RTP) using a cross-layer interaction. This allows to tackle link degradations and to avoid the overhead introduced by the MAC fragmentation level. Performance evaluation conducted using an experimental test-bed shows the ability of our cross-layer mechanism to reduce packet video losses and to enhance the overall objective video quality given by the PSNR and SSIM metrics.
Accelerating degradation rate of pure iron by zinc ion implantation (2016)

Pure iron has been considered as a promising candidate for biodegradable implant applications. However, a faster degradation rate of pure iron is needed to meet the clinical requirement. In this work, metal vapor vacuum arc technology was adopted to implant zinc ions into the surface of pure iron. Results showed that the implantation depth of zinc ions was about 60 nm. The degradation rate of pure iron was found to be accelerated after zinc ion implantation. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that the implanted zinc ions brought a slight increase on cytotoxicity of the tested cells. In terms of hemocompatibility, the hemolysis of zinc ion implanted pure iron was lower than 2%. However, zinc ions might induce more adhered and activated platelets on the surface of pure iron. Overall, zinc ion implantation can be a feasible way to accelerate the degradation rate of pure iron for biodegradable applications.
Calculated and measured brachytherapy dosimetry parameters in water for the Xoft Axxent X‐Ray Source: An electronic brachytherapy sourcea) (2006)

A new x-ray source, the model S700 Axxent X-Ray Source (Source), has been developed by Xoft Inc. for electronic brachytherapy. Unlike brachytherapy sources containing radionuclides, this Source may be turned on and off at will and may be operated at variable currents and voltages to change the dose rate and penetration properties. The in-water dosimetry parameters for this electronic brachytherapy source have been determined from measurements and calculations at 40, 45, and 50 kV settings. Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport utilized the MCNP5 code and the EPDL97-based mcplib04 cross-section library. Inter-tube consistency was assessed for 20 different Sources, measured with a PTW 34013 ionization chamber. As the Source is intended to be used for a maximum of ten treatment fractions, tube stability was also assessed. Photon spectra were measured using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and calculated using MCNP. Parameters used in the two-dimensional (2D) brachytherapy dosimetry formalism were determined. While the Source was characterized as a point due to the small anode size, < 1 mm, use of the one-dimensional (1D) brachytherapy dosimetry formalism is not recommended due to polar anisotropy. Consequently, 1D brachytherapy dosimetry parameters were not sought. Calculated point-source model radial dose functions at gP(5) were 0.20, 0.24, and 0.29 for the 40, 45, and 50 kV voltage settings, respectively. For 1<r<7 cm, measured point-source model radial dose functions were typically within 4% of calculated results. Calculated values for F(r, theta) for all operating voltages were within 15% of unity along the distal end (theta=0 degree), and ranged from F(1 cm, 160 degrees) = 0.2 to F(15 cm, 175 degrees) = 0.4 towards the catheter proximal end. For all three operating voltages using the PTW chamber, measured dependence of output as a function of azimuthal angle, psi, was typically on average +/-3% for 0 degree < or = psi < or = 360 degrees. Excluding an energy response function, measurements of normalized photon energy spectra were made for three operating voltages, and were typically within 2% agreement with the normalized Monte Carlo calculated spectra. In general, the model S700 Source exhibited depth dose behavior similar to low-energy photon-emitting low dose rate sources 125I and l03Pd, yet with capability for variable and much higher dose rates and subsequently adjustable penetration capabilities. This paper presents the calculated and measured in-water brachytherapy dosimetry parameters for the model S700 Source at the aforementioned three operating voltages.
Magnet: A novel scheduling policy for power reduction in cluster with virtual machines (2008)

The concept of green computing has attracted much attention recently in cluster computing. However, previous local approaches focused on saving the energy cost of the components in a single workstation without a global vision on the whole cluster, so it achieved undesirable power reduction effect. Other cluster-wide energy saving techniques could only be applied to homogeneous workstations and specific applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of a novel approach that uses live migration of virtual machines to transfer load among the nodes on a multilayer ring-based overlay. This scheme can reduce the power consumption greatly by regarding all the cluster nodes as a whole. Plus, it can be applied to both the homogeneous and heterogeneous servers. Experimental measurements show that the new method can reduce the power consumption by 74.8% over base at most with certain adjustably acceptable overhead. The effectiveness and performance insights are also analytically verified.
Gold(III) complexes as a new family of cytotoxic and antitumor agents (2002)

In recent years, owing to the contributions of a few research groups, some new gold(III) compounds--either simple coordination complexes or organogold compounds--have been prepared that are sufficiently stable under physiological conditions and are promising candidates for pharmacological testing as cytotoxic and antitumor agents. In vitro pharmacological studies point out that some of these novel gold(III) complexes are highly cytotoxic toward cultured human tumor cell lines and are able to overcome resistance to platinum. Significant differences in the spectrum of action were observed compared with cisplatin. Studies are in progress to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds. The cellular effects of two representative gold(III) complexes are described. Preliminary results on binding to DNA in vitro are presented, pointing out that the interactions are generally weak. The implications of these results for the development of gold(III) complexes as a new family of cytotoxic and antitumor agents are discussed.
Private Facebook Chat (2012)

The number of instant messages sent per year now exceeds that of email. Recently users have been moving away from traditional instant messaging applications and instead using social networks as their primary communications platform. To discover attitudes related to instant messaging and its security, we have conducted a user survey. This paper also presents the design of PFC (Private Facebook Chat), a system providing convenient, secure instant messaging within Facebook Chat. PFC offers end-to-end encryption in order to thwart any eavesdropper, including Facebook itself. Finally, we have conducted a usability study of a PFC prototype.
Blockchain Consensus Algorithms: A Survey (2020)

In recent years, blockchain technology has received unparalleled attention from academia, industry, and governments all around the world. It is considered a technological breakthrough anticipated to disrupt several application domains. This has resulted in a plethora of blockchain systems for various purposes. However, many of these blockchain systems suffer from serious shortcomings related to their performance and security, which need to be addressed before any wide-scale adoption can be achieved. A crucial component of any blockchain system is its underlying consensus algorithm, which in many ways, determines its performance and security. Therefore, to address the limitations of different blockchain systems, several existing as well novel consensus algorithms have been introduced. A systematic analysis of these algorithms will help to understand how and why any particular blockchain performs the way it functions. However, the existing studies of consensus algorithms are not comprehensive. Those studies have incomplete discussions on the properties of the algorithms and fail to analyse several major blockchain consensus algorithms in terms of their scopes. This article fills this gap by analysing a wide range of consensus algorithms using a comprehensive taxonomy of properties and by examining the implications of different issues still prevalent in consensus algorithms in detail. The result of the analysis is presented in tabular formats, which provides a visual illustration of these algorithms in a meaningful way. We have also analysed more than hundred top crypto-currencies belonging to different categories of consensus algorithms to understand their properties and to implicate different trends in these crypto-currencies. Finally, we have presented a decision tree of algorithms to be used as a tool to test the suitability of consensus algorithms under different criteria.
An ultra-low-power wake-up receiver with voltage-multiplying self-mixer and interferer-enhanced sensitivity (2017)

A 0.5V self-mixer-first 550MHz 220nW wake-up receiver in 0.13um CMOS has a -56.4dBm sensitivity at 36.36kbps and an energy consumption of 6.1pJ/bit. A 10-stage voltagemultiplying self-mixer using MOS transistors in weak inversion consumes 2.7nW and offers multi-stage conversion gain at baseband. In the presence of a -43.5dBm PM interferer, the alternate 1.luW high frequency baseband path in the receiver offers an enhanced sensitivity of -63.6dBm.
Solvothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Metal Organic Framework Isomers Derived from a Partially Fluorinated Link (2011)

Solvothermal reactions of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) bis(benzoic acid) (C17H10F6O4, H2hfbba) and terminal monodentate ligand 3-methyl pyridine (3-picoline/3-mepy) in the presence of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and N,N-diethyl formamide (DEF) solvents gave rise to two structurally different two-dimensional (2D) fluorinated metal organic frameworks (F-MOFs). The effect of the choice of solvent has been clearly reflected in the structures obtained. The F-MOFs reported in this paper are formulated as [Cu2(hfbba)2(3-mepy)2]·(DMF)2(3-mepy) (F-MOF-4), [Cu2(hfbba)2(3-mepy)2] (Cu-F-MOF-4B), and [Zn2(hfbba)2(3-mepy)2]·(3-mepy) (Zn-F-MOF-4B) which displays interesting 2D structures with and without interdigitation depending on the solvent used. The structures of these F-MOFs have been determined by X-ray crystallography and further identified by IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of interdigitation has been reflected in the gas adsorption and magnetic properties of these F-MOFs. These F-MOFs also show comparable H2 and CO2 uptake depending on their structural variation. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements over a wide range of temperatures exhibit dominantly short-range antiferromagnetic behavior, with weak ferromagnetic behavior showing up at very low temperatures, which is evident from opening of the hysteresis loop with a finite value of coercivity in both F-MOF-4 and Cu-F-MOF-4B. We observed a smaller value of μeff per Cu atom and coercivity in Cu-F-MOF-4B than the F-MOF-4 due to relatively larger distances between the neighboring dicopper paddlewheel secondary building unit.
Quasi-parallel switched-capacitor and regulating PWM DC-DC converter (2014)

Datacenter power consumption makes up two percent of United States electricity consumption or 80TWhr. Roughly half of this energy is spent on cooling or lost in power conversion. Further as datacenters try to maximize compaction, the need for small and highly efficient power supplies is highlighted. Telecom power supplies often rely on large and lossy transformers to achieve large conversion ratios or to provide isolation for Quasi-Parallel or Sigma configurations. Low power switched capacitors converters can eliminate the large magnetic components and even provide ground isolation. Switched capacitor converters suffer from poor load regulation, poor line regulation, and discontinuous conversion ratios. Using a multilevel modular switched capacitor converter in a quasiparallel structure, a lesser power rated regulating converter can provide load regulation and line regulation. This configuration can provide lightweight, efficient, and magnetic-less power.
Inhibition or down-regulation of protein kinase C attenuates late phase p70s6k activation induced by epidermal growth factor but not by platelet-derived growth factor or insulin. (1992)

The late phase of the time-dependent epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced biphasic activation of the p70s6k is selectively attenuated by the specific PKC inhibitor, CGP 41,251, a staurosporine derivative. At a 40-fold lower concentration than CGP 41,251, staurosporine inhibits both phases of S6 kinase activation to the same extent, whereas the inactive staurosporine derivative CGP 42,700 shows no effect on either phase. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin also induce biphasic S6 kinase activation, but in neither case is either phase of activation affected by the presence of CGP 41,251. This finding was unexpected in the case of PDGF, which is a potent activator of PKC and whose receptor directly interacts with phospholipase C gamma 1. However, similar results were obtained following down-regulation of PKC by prolonged 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Therefore, even though EGF and PDGF induce PKC activation, PDGF, unlike EGF, does not appear to use this signaling pathway for late phase p70s6k activation.
High-performance energy-efficient encryption in the sub-45nm CMOS Era (2011)

With technology scaling enabling integration of billions of transistors on a single processor core, deploying high-performance and energy-efficient encryption/decryption engines on-die has become a reality in the sub-45nm CMOS era. Not only does this enable increased security of processor platforms, but also achieves unprecedented improvements in power-performance through the adoption of specialized hardware accelerator engines for various compute-intensive cryptography algorithms. In this presentation, we describe novel arithmetic and data-path technologies to enable highspeed on-die AES encryption/decryption accelerators for processor security, Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) compute engines, Galois-Field multipliers for public-key cryptography acceleration and secure on-die key generation using fully-digital random number generators based on metastable state elements. Circuit and design optimizations to enable ultra-low voltage operation of these accelerators are discussed to achieve up to a 10X higher energy-efficiency and a wide dynamic operating voltage range that enables scalable AES encryption/decryption down to sub-10mW per round, enabling power-efficient security to permeate into future mobile/hand-held/wearable devices.