gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance driven optimization of network length in physical placement (2003)

A novel technique to significantly improve the performance of a design by the movement of sets of gates during or after timing driven placement is proposed. A method to identify optimal set of circuit (gate) movements to enhance timing is presented. Experimental results with a min-cut placement tool indicate that the proposed approach of direct manipulation of circuit locations, significantly improves the timing of large partitions of a chip.
Make3D: depth perception from a single still image (2008)

Humans have an amazing ability to perceive depth from a single still image; however, it remains a challenging problem for current computer vision systems. In this paper, we will present algorithms for estimating depth from a single still im-age. There are numerous monocular cues—such as texture vari-ations and gradients, defocus, color/haze, etc.—that can be used for depth perception. Taking a supervised learning ap-proach to this problem, in which we begin by collecting a training set of single images and their corresponding ground-truth depths, we learn the mapping from image features to the depths. We then apply these ideas to create 3-d models that are visually-pleasing as well as quantitatively accurate from individual images. We also discuss applications of our depth perception algorithm in robotic navigation, in improving the performance of stereovision, and in creating large-scale 3-d models given only a small number of images.
Perceptually optimum adaptive filter tap profiles for subband acoustic echo cancellers (2002)

A method is presented for determining optimal adaptive filter tap allocation tables, or profiles, for subband acoustic echo cancellers. Given an upper bound on the number of taps in the profile, and given a desired target profile that exceeds this bound, the method yields the profile that best satisfies a constrained least-squares optimization problem. The optimization is weighted using a composite of physical and perceptual sensitivity functions, yielding a profile that minimizes a perceptual measure of the residual echo level.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Tadalafil Analogues and Their Evaluation as Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stimuli generation with late binding of values (2004)

Generating test-cases that reach corner cases in the design is one of the main challenges in the functional verification of complex designs. In this paper, we describe a new technique that increases the ability of test generators by delaying assignment of values in the generated stimuli, until these values are used in the design. This late-binding allows the generator to have a more accurate view of the state of the design, and thus it can better choose the correct values. Experimental results show that late-binding can significantly improve coverage, with a reasonable penalty in simulation time.
Analog micro-optics fabrication by use of a binary phase grating mask (2004)

In this paper, we present a new photo-mask technology capable of forming a continuous relief micro-optic profile on thick photo-resist. This technique eliminates many of the drawbacks of gray-scale and half-tone masking technology. An optical stepper is used to fabricate binary phase gratings of pi phase depth on a transparent quartz reticle. When the phase reticle is used in the stepper an analog intensity profile is created on the wafer. The period is constrained allowing for control of the 0<sup>th</sup> order in the stepper. The duty cycle of the phase gratings can be varied in such a way to provide the proper analog intensity profile for a wide range of micro-optics on the photo-resist. The design, analysis, and fabrication procedures of this technique will be discussed.
A Jitter-Tolerance-Enhanced CDR Using a GDCO-Based Phase Detector (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A jitter-tolerance-enhanced 10 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is presented. The proposed architecture cascades 2 half-rate CDRs with different loop bandwidth to relax the design bottleneck and the predicted jitter tolerance can be enhanced without sacrificing the jitter transfer. By using a gated digital-controlled oscillator (GDCO), the proposed GDCO-based phase detector may reduce the cost of this architecture and achieve a wide linear range. This CDR circuit has been fabricated in a 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS technology and consumes 60 mW from a 1.5 V supply. It occupies an active area of 0.36 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{mm}}^2$</tex></formula>. The measured rms jitter is 0.96 ps and the peak-to-peak jitter is 7.11 ps for a 10 Gb/s 2<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{7} -$</tex></formula>1 PRBS. The measured bit error rate for a 10 Gb/s 2<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{7} -$</tex> </formula>1 PRBS is less than 10<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$^{-12}$</tex></formula>. </para>
Cache-Based Network Processor Architecture: Evaluation with Real Network Traffic (2006)

A novel cache-based network processor (NP) architecture that can catch up with next generation 100-Gbps packet-processing throughput by exploiting a nature of network traffic is proposed, and the prototype is evaluated with real network traffic traces. This architecture consists of several small processing units (PUs) and a bit-stream manipulation hardware called a burst-stream path (BSP) that has a special cache mechanism called a process-learning cache (PLC) and a cache-miss handler (CMH). The PLC memorizes a packet-processing method with all table-lookup results, and applies it to subsequent packets that have the same information in their header. To avoid packet-processing blocking, the CMH handles cache-miss packets while registration processing is performed at the PLC. The combination of the PLC and CMH enables most packets to skip the execution at the PUs, which dissipate huge power in conventional NPs. We evaluated an FPGA-based prototype with real core network traffic traces of a WIDE backbone router. From the experimental results, we observed a special case where the packet of minimum size appeared in large quantities, and the cache-based NP was able to achieve 100% throughput with only the 10%-throughput PUs due to the existence of very high temporal locality of network traffic. From the whole results, the cache-based NP would be able to achieve 100-Gbps throughput by using 10- to 40-Gbps throughput PUs. The power consumption of the cache-based NP, which consists of 40-Gbps throughput PUs, is estimated to be only 44.7% that of a conventional NP.
<title>Multiview 3D imaging system with full-color capabilities</title> (1998)

A multiview 3D imaging system utilizing a holographic screen is described. This system is consisted of a horizontal array of 8 cameras, a signal converter, a full color beam projector and a full color holographic screen. The camera array is composed of 8 CCD cameras having VGA image quality. The cameras are aligned in an arc having the radius of curvature 3 m. The separation between each camera is 3.5 cm. The signal converter is to convert 8 parallel image data from the camera array into a time multiplexed image signal train for each of 3 TV primary colors, and to control the system. The image sampling from each camera of the camera array is done by the field image rate as in the usual TV. The total image fields are 480 per second. The beam projector is consisted of 3 CRTs for the 3 primary colors, a large aperture objective and an 8 strips LCD shutter for each CRT. The projector is to extract 8 view images from the time multiplexed image signal train and projects the images on the holographic screen through the 8 strips LCD shutter located in front of each projector's objective lens. The switching of each strip in the shutter is synchronized with the camera sampling sequence by the signal converter. The holographic screen has the property of a spherical mirror and can create 6 viewing zones. This system can also display PC animated images. The images displayed on the screen are impressive.
Genetic refinement and physical mapping of a 2.3 Mb probable disease region associated with a bipolar affective disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 4q35 (2002)

A susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder has been mapped to chromosome 4q35 in a large multigenerational pedigree. We have expanded this analysis to include 55 pedigrees (674 individuals, 214 affecteds). The evidence for linkage to 4q35 was strengthened in this larger cohort, with a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.2 for marker D4S1652. Several other markers in the region gave LOD scores greater than 1.5. Non-parametric analysis provided additional support for linkage to the 4q35 region. To further refine this region, haplotype analysis was carried out in 16 of the 55 pedigrees that showed evidence of linkage. As there is no evidence for an ancestral haplotype, nor a one-to-one correspondence between the disease and putative disease haplotype, we undertook an analysis based on pedigree-specific, identical-by-descent allele-sharing in order to define a probable disease region. This analysis indicated that the percentage sharing of alleles, identical-by-descent, in affecteds of all linked pedigrees increases from 60% at the centromeric markers to 75% for markers at the telomere. Maximal allele sharing occurred between markers D4S3051 and 4qTEL13 with this 24 cM region defining a probable disease region. We have constructed a physical map of the 4q35 interval consisting of a YAC contig and BAC clones. Based on this map the probable disease region between D4S3051 and 4qTEL13 corresponds to only 2.3 Mb. This region is very gene poor with only three known genes indicated from the YAC/BAC map. The small number of genes will facilitate systematic screening for variations associated with bipolar disorder.
Sparse polynomial equalization of an RF receiver via algorithm, analog, and digital codesign (2012)

Nonlinear circuit behavior degrades system performance of RF receivers operating near the compression point, causing both in-band and out-of-band distortions. Linearity can be improved through analog design changes at the cost of greater power consumption. Alternatively, digital compensation algorithms can alleviate nonlinear distortions, but standard combinatorial models of nonlinear system behavior can require high-power digital circuits. We present preliminary results of a co-optimized receiver and digital equalizer achieving 80 dB spurious free dynamic range over 49 MHz while dissipating 132 mW. We describe the codesign process used to optimize power consumption across analog and digital circuits while meeting high linearity requirements.
Development of a mechanical ‘pivot shift' knee stability test (2011)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in sports, with 135 000 ACL tears leading to over 95 000 annual reconstructions in the US. The manual ‘pivot shift' test is the most specific clinical examination for diagnosis of ACL injuries. The presence of a ‘pivot' (anterior/internal tibial subluxation followed by a rapid reduction or ‘clunk') postoperatively correlates with poor patient outcome. Unfortunately, the pivot shift is semi-quantitative and difficult to perform reproducibly. We developed a mechanical pivot shift device (MPSD) that mimics this test through the application of standardised dynamic loads. Manual and mechanised pivot shift tests were performed on right and left cadaveric knees (n=4) in intact and ACL-deficient states. The resultant tibiofemoral motion was recorded using the Optotrak® navigation system (Manual and MPSD tests produced similar kinematic trajectories, with subluxation/reduction occurring at ∼20° /35° for ACL-deficient knees. Following ACL transection, both tests produced increased instability metrics: maximum tibial internal rotation (IRmax), anterior displacement, and posterior translational velocity (PTV). The coefficient of variation (cv=σ/μ) for these metrics was significantly lower using the MPSD (cv=0.03) in comparison to the manual test (cv=0.16). Between right and left knees, MPSD metrics differed by less than 1.5° and 2 mm. These results demonstrate that our device can produce a realistic ‘pivot shift' with a high degree of reproducibility. Logistic regression revealed IRmax as the best single predictor of intact versus deficient ACL state (R2=0.41, p=0.0001), while IRmax and PTV combined predicted knee state with complete accuracy (R2=1, p=0.0001). These data suggest that measurements made using the MPSD are sensitive to clinically relevant ACL condition and may provide kinematic signatures specific to graded soft tissue defects of the knee joint, or to different ACL reconstruction techniques.
High temperature hydrogen sulfide removal with tin oxide (1993)

The system is based on the absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) by stannic (tin) oxide. Two sorbents are required, the first sorbent is tin oxide and the second sorbent is a zinc oxide based material (i.e., zinc ferrite or zinc titanate) which is regenerated by air producing SO{sub 2}. TDA`s process carries out a modified Claus reaction to reduce the SO{sub 2} from the second sorbent generation to elemental sulfur. In this case the sulfided stannic oxide forms stannous sulfide (SnS) which reduces the SO{sub 2}. The absorption by SnO{sub 2} could remove over 90% of the H{sub 2}S from typical coal gas streams, but we use zinc ferrite (or zinc titanate), (a) to reduce H{sub 2}S to less than 20 ppM and (b) as a source of SO{sub 2} in regeneration. Due to stoichiometry of regeneration we want to remove half of the H{sub 2}S by SnO{sub 2} and the remainder by the second sorbent. The reactions with stannic oxide minimize the heat released during H{sub 2}S removal and regeneration. The absorption by SnO{sub 2} is slightly endothermic and cools the gas stream by less that 5{degrees}F (2.8{degrees}C) during absorption. Regeneration with SO{sub 2} is exothermic but releases only 11% of the heat that is liberated in regenerating the ZnO. For a nominal 6.5:1 steam to air the regeneration of ZnO increases the temperature by {approx_equal}400{degrees}F. The regeneration of SnO{sub 2} increases the temperature by less than 50{degrees}F (28{degrees}C) in the same gas flow.
8, A New Locus in Soybean for Resistance to (2003)

Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann & J.W. Gerdemann (=Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea T. Kuan & D.C. Erwin) is the second leading cause of yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the USA. Currently, seven loci for resistance with 13 alleles have been identified in soybean. Populations of P. sojae exist in many soybean production regions that cause disease on plants with many, if not all, of these genes. Consequently, the need for new resistance loci is great. A number of plant introductions (PIs) from South Korea were identified in an earlier study that may contain novel resistance loci. The objectives of this project were to identify the allele(s) for resistance to P. sojae present in PI399073 and to map these allele(s) to a linkage group. PI399073 was crossed with ‘Williams’ and ‘S 19-90’ to develop populations. These populations were assayed for disease resistance, single sequence repeats (SSR), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), and isozyme markers. A new Phytophthora resistance locus, Rps8, was mapped to MLG (major linkage group) A2 in two different crosses with PI399073. This is the first locus for Phytophthora resistance that has been identified on MLG A2.
Formaldehyde scavengers function as novel antigen retrieval agents (2015)

Antigen retrieval agents improve the detection of formaldehyde-fixed proteins, but how they work is not well understood. We demonstrate that formaldehyde scavenging represents a key characteristic associated with effective antigen retrieval; under controlled temperature and pH conditions, scavenging improves the typical antigen retrieval process through reversal of formaldehyde-protein adduct formation. This approach provides a rational framework for the identification and development of more effective antigen retrieval agents.
Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering (2008)

We apply an optimization scheme based on rendering of all colors of the enhanced Munsell palette to phosphor-conversion (PC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This approach yields combinations of peak wavelengths and bandwidths for white PC LEDs with partial and complete conversion that enable lighting with better quality than that obtained using designs based on the standard color-rendering assessment procedure.
A 1.4-GHz radiometer for internal body temperature measurements (2015)

This paper presents a 1.4-GHz microwave radiometer for noninvasive measurements of internal (core) body temperature. The 1.4GHz frequency of operation is chosen for deep cm-range penetration into tissues, as well as low radio-frequency interference (RFI). The radiometer is implemented with off-the-shelf components with several near-field probes. System measurements and temperature estimation are compared for a dipole and circular patch probe, with about 0.5K temperature sensitivity on a single-layer water phantom. These results show a path to a wearable thermometer for sub-surface body temperature measurements.
A Framework for the Robust Evaluation of Sound Event Detection (2020)

This work defines a new framework for performance evaluation of polyphonic sound event detection (SED) systems, which overcomes the limitations of the conventional collar-based event decisions, event F-scores and event error rates. The proposed framework introduces a definition of event detection that is more robust against labelling subjectivity. It also resorts to polyphonic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to deliver more global insight into system performance than F1-scores, and proposes a reduction of these curves into a single polyphonic sound detection score (PSDS), which allows system comparison independently from operating points (OPs). The presented method also delivers better insight into data biases and classification stability across sound classes. Furthermore, it can be tuned to varying applications in order to match a variety of user experience requirements. The benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated by re-evaluating the baseline and two of the top-performing systems from DCASE 2019 Task 4.
Fast Reroute Procedures For Associated Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) (2017)

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) association signaling can be used
to bind two unidirectional LSPs into an associated bidirectional LSP.
When an associated bidirectional LSP is co-routed, the reverse LSP
follows the same path as its forward LSP. This document describes Fast
Reroute (FRR) procedures for both single-sided and double-sided
provisioned associated bidirectional LSPs. The FRR procedures are
applicable to co-routed and non co-routed LSPs. For co-routed LSPs,
the FRR procedures can ensure that traffic flows on co-routed paths in
the forward and reverse directions after a failure event.
Cocktail δ-integration: a novel method to construct cellulolytic enzyme expression ratio-optimized yeast strains (2010)

To our knowledge, this is the first report on the expression of cellulase genes by delta-integration and optimization of various foreign genes by delta-integration in yeast. This method should be very effective and easily applied for other multi-enzymatic systems using recombinant yeast.
Data from A T-cell–engaging B7-H4/CD3-bispecific Fab-scFv Antibody Targets Human Breast Cancer (2023)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4, <i>VTCN1</i>) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates immune responses and is known to be overexpressed in many human cancers. Previously, we generated a mouse anti-human B7-H4 mAb that did not have a significant antitumor effect <i>in vivo</i> probably because of molecule instability. In this study, we designed a B7-H4/CD3-bispecific antibody (BsAb) and investigated its antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> using a humanized mouse model.</p>Experimental Design:<p>cDNAs of the antibody-binding fragment (Fab)–single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and scFv-scFv of the anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAb were synthesized, and the BsAb antibodies were produced in HEK293 cells. The antitumor activity against human breast cancer cells by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with BsAb was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release <i>in vitro,</i> and <i>in vivo</i> using hPBMC-transplanted MHC class I- and class II–deficient NOG mice.</p>Results:<p>hPBMCs with anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAbs successfully lysed the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 (EC<sub>50</sub>: 0.2 ng/mL) and other B7-H4<sup>+</sup> cell lines <i>in vitro</i>. When BsAb was injected in a humanized mouse model, there was an immediate and strong antitumor activity against MDA-MB-468, HCC-1954, and HCC-1569 tumors and CD8<sup>+</sup> and granzyme B<sup>+</sup> CTL infiltration into the tumor, and there were no adverse effects after long-term observation. CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell depletion by an anti-CD8 antibody mostly reduced the antitumor effect of BsAb <i>in vivo</i>.</p>Conclusions:<p>An anti-B7-H4/CD3 BsAb may be a good therapeutic tool for patients with B7-H4<sup>+</sup> breast cancers.</p></div>
Encoding Schemes For A Digital Optical Multiplier Using The Modified Signed-Digit Number Representation (1986)

The modified signed-digit (MSD) number representation offers full parallel, carry-free addition. A MSD adder has been described by the authors. This paper describes how the adder can be used in a tree structure to implement an optical multiply algorithm. Three different optical schemes, involving position, polarization, and intensity encoding, are proposed for realizing the trinary logic system. When configured in the generic multiplier architecture, these schemes yield the combinatorial logic necessary to carry out the multiplication algorithm. The optical systems are essentially three dimensional arrangements composed of modular units. Of course, this modularity is important for design considerations, while the parallelism and noninterfering communication channels of optical systems are important from the standpoint of reduced complexity. The authors have also designed electronic hardware to demonstrate and model the combinatorial logic required to carry out the algorithm. The electronic and proposed optical systems will be compared in terms of complexity and speed.