gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadly tunable femtosecond parametric oscillator using a photonic crystal fiber (2005)

Pulses as short as 460 fs and a tuning range as wide as 200 nm around 1 microm have been achieved from a photonic-crystal-fiber-based parametric oscillator. The ring cavity with only 65 cm of photonic crystal fiber is synchronously pumped with a tunable passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. Widely extended tunability is achieved by using the modulation instability gain in normal dispersion as the result of high-order dispersion in the photonic crystal fiber.
Fate of systemically and locally administered adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their effect on wound healing (2019)

There is increasing interest in the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) for wound repair. As the fate of administered cells is still poorly defined, we aimed to establish the location, survival, and effect of ASCs when administered either systemically or locally during wound repair under physiological conditions. To determine the behavior of ASCs, a rat model with wounds on the dorsal aspect of the hind paws was used and two treatment modes were assessed: ASCs administered systemically into the tail vein or locally around the wound. ASCs were transduced to express both firefly luciferase (Fluc) and green fluorescent protein to enable tracking by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistological analysis. Systemically administered ASCs were detected in the lungs 3 hours after injection with a decrease in luminescent signal at 48 hours and signal disappearance from 72 hours. No ASCs were detected in the wound. Locally administered ASCs remained strongly detectable for 7 days at the injection site and became distributed within the wound bed as early as 24 hours post injection with a significant increase observed at 72 hours. Systemically administered ASCs were filtered out in the lungs, whereas ASCs administered locally remained and survived not only at the injection site but were also detected within the wound bed. Both treatments led to enhanced wound closure. It appears that systemically administered ASCs have the potential to enhance wound repair distally from their site of entrapment in the lungs whereas locally administered ASCs enhanced wound repair as they became redistributed within the wound bed.
Stereoselective Bulk Synthesis of CCR2 Antagonist BMS-741672: Assembly of an All-<i>cis</i> (<i>S,R,R</i>)-1,2,4-Triaminocyclohexane (TACH) Core via Sequential Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenations (2016)

A concise bulk synthesis of stereochemically complex CCR2 antagonist BMS-741672 is reported. A distinct structural feature is the chiral all-cis 1,2,4-triaminocyclohexane (TACH) core, which was assembled through consecutive stereocontrolled heterogeneous hydrogenations: efficient Pt-catalyzed reduction of a β-enaminoester, directed by (S)-α-methylbenzylamine as a low-cost chiral template, and reductive amination of a 3,4-cis-disubstituted cyclohexanone over sulfided Pt/C introduced a tert-amine, setting the third stereocenter in the all-cis cyclohexane core. The heterogeneous catalysts were recycled. Ester hydrolysis produced a γ-amino acid, isolated as its Na salt. A challenging Curtius reaction to introduce the remaining C–N bond at C-2 was strongly influenced by the presence of the basic tert-amine, providing a stereoelectronically highly activated isocyanate. Detailed mechanistic and process knowledge was required to enable clean trapping with an alcohol (t-BuOH) while avoiding formation of side products, particularly an unusual carbamoyl phosphate. Deprotection, N-acetylation, and uncatalyzed SNAr coupling with known 4-chloroquinazoline provided the final product. The resulting 12-step synthesis was used to prepare 50 kg of the target compound in an average yield of 82% per step.
Synergy between IgG and monoclonal IgM antibodies in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. (1981)

Hybridoma-derived mouse monoclonal IgM anti-ox erythrocyte (ORBC) antibodies, which differed in their ability to exhibit complement-mediated cytotoxicity, direct agglutination and sensitization of indicator cells for detection of receptors for IgM on erythrocytes, failed to mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) by human K cells. Polyclonal rabbit IgM anti-ORBC antibodies were also incapable of mediating ADCC. However, one of the IgM monoclonal antibodies studied (clone 100) was highly efficient in synergizing with IgG in ADCC, especially when the E rosette-forming enriched fraction was used as a source of effector cells. This synergy was greater after overnight incubation of the lymphocytes and was partially blocked by human IgM. Since all the monoclonal antibodies studied bound efficiently to target ORBC as determined by the additional binding of 125I-labeled anti-k antibodies, the synergy did not appear to be due to a quantitative difference in the binding capacity of the antibodies. That the synergistic effect of purified clone 100 IgM was not due to heterophile IgG antibody was indicated by its sensitivity to reduction and lack of binding to a protein A column. The data are discussed in terms of the possible in vivo relevance of IgG-IgM synergy to immune protection, especially during the development of a primary antibody response when limiting amounts of specific IgG antibodies could be made more effective with the more abundant IgM antibodies.
Review: The Use of Microwave Irradiation in the Processing of Glasses and Their Composites (2010)

The use of microwave (MW) radiation in glass processing is reviewed and compared to the usual processing techniques, such as glass melting, sintering, sealing, devitrification, coating, reinforcement with various substances, deposition by layers, etc. MW heating is known as a much-faster process (requiring minutes rather than hours), yielding good product quality, in comparison with the prolonged conventional thermal treatment of glass precursors.
Plastid division (2010)

Several of the proteins currently used in this process in higher plants have homologues in modern-day bacteria. An alternative mode of replication by a budding-type mechanism also appears to be used in some circumstances. The review also highlights how most of our knowledge of plastid division is centred on the chloroplast developing in leaf mesophyll cells and a role for plastid division during the development of other plastid types is poorly understood. Whilst models for a protein-based mechanism have been devised, exactly how the division process is controlled at the plastid level and at the plastid population level is poorly understood.
The development of design ideas in the early apparel design process: a pilot study (2015)

The purpose of this study is to examine the apparel design process by asking how a designer applies perceived information from visual sources and develops concepts through the exploration of design elements and principles. A stimuli-based design experiment was conducted with a professional designer as a pilot study. It was observed that preliminary visual units, termed small concepts, gradually evolve during the early design stage. Since this process is critical to continue the entire idea development, this paper focuses primarily on the detailed observation of the early design process, in which the designer perceives visual elements from a source-of-inspiration image, immediately transfers them to clothing design-related elements, explores variations in shape and placement by applying design principles, and finally develops small concepts. These small concepts become the basis for the later development of more complex design ideas. Understanding this design knowledge and relevant strategies will trigger creative idea generation and shed light on teaching the design process to apparel design students.
Enhancement of adhesion between antireflection coating and cellulose triacetate by surface pretreatment using argon-helium plasma (2007)

The adhesion of optical thin films on cellulose triacetate (TAC) was enhanced with surface pretreatment by argon-helium plasma. The optical properties, water contact angle, surface morphology, and thin film adhesion of TAC substrate that had been treated with different plasma gases were also investigated. An antireflection coating adhered well to TAC with an appropriate interface layer.
Novel Method for Selection of Antimicrobial Peptides from a Phage Display Library by Use of Bacterial Magnetic Particles (2008)

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides were isolated from a phage display peptide library using bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs) as a solid support. The BacMPs obtained from “ Magnetospirillum magneticum ” strain AMB-1 consist of pure magnetite (50 to 100 nm in size) and are covered with a lipid bilayer membrane derived from the invagination of the inner membrane. BacMPs are easily purified from a culture of magnetotactic bacteria by magnetic separation. Approximately 4 × 10 10 PFU of the library phage (complexity, 2.7 × 10 9 ) was reacted with BacMPs. The elution of bound phages from BacMPs was performed by disrupting its membrane with phospholipase D treatment. Six candidate peptides, which were highly cationic and could bind onto the BacMP membrane, were obtained. They exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis but not against Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The amino acid substitution of the selected peptide, KPQQHNRPLRHK (peptide 6-7), to enhance the hydrophobicity resulted in obvious antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms. The present study shows for the first time that a magnetic selection of antimicrobial peptides from the phage display peptide library was successfully achieved by targeting the actual bacterial inner membrane. This BacMP-based method could be a promising approach for a high-throughput screening of antimicrobial peptides targeting a wide range of species.
The Effects of Antihypertensive Therapy on the Quality of Life (1986)

We conducted a multicenter randomized double-blind clinical trial among 626 men with mild to moderate hypertension to determine the effects of captopril, methyldopa, and propranolol on their quality of life. Hydrochlorothiazide was added if needed to control blood pressure. After a 24-week treatment period, all three groups had similar blood-pressure control, although fewer patients taking propranolol required hydrochlorothiazide. Patients taking captopril alone or in combination with a diuretic were least likely to withdraw from treatment because of adverse effects (8 percent vs. 20 percent for methyldopa and 13 percent for propranolol). The treatment groups were similar in scores for sleep dysfunction, visual memory, and social participation. However, patients taking captopril, as compared with patients taking methyldopa, scored significantly higher (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) on measures of general well-being, had fewer side effects, and had better scores for work performance, visual-motor functioning, and measures of life satisfaction. Patients taking propranolol also reported better work performance than patients taking methyldopa. Patients taking captopril reported fewer side effects and less sexual dysfunction than those taking propranolol and had greater improvement (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) on measures of general well-being. Our findings show that antihypertensive agents have different effects on the quality of life and that these can be meaningfully assessed with available psychosocial measures.
Repression of the Internal Ribosome Entry Site-dependent Translation of Hepatitis C Virus by an Engineered PUF Protein (2017)

Background: Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor (PUF) proteins can bind RNA in a sequence-specific manner. The deciphered RNA-recognition code of these proteins has enabled researchers to design engineered PUF proteins, capable of binding to any desired target in order to modify its ultimate fate. In this study, a modified Homo sapiens Pumilio 1-homology domain (HsPUM1-HD) was engineered to bind to the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome to potentially inhibit viral translation. Methods: Based on the RNA-recognition code, required modifications were applied to HsPUM1-HD in order to change its natural recognition sequence to a sequence in the stem-loop III of HCV IRES. RNA protein pull-down assay was performed to assess the sequence specificity of the modified HsPUM1-HD (mHsPUM1-HD). Translational inhibitory effect of mHsPUM1-HD was evaluated in a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The mHsPUM1-HD was found to bind to its cognate RNA in a sequence-specific manner, as a biotinylated target RNA captured mHsPUM1-HD through binding to streptavidin magnetic beads. This protein also reduced HCV IRES-dependent firefly luciferase translation by 40% in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: The present study is the first report of an engineered HsPUM1-HD with potential anti-HCV activity. These findings suggest that PUM-HDs can be engineered to target desired RNAs of infectious agents in order to specifically interrupt protein translation, as an essential step of their life cycle.
Synthesis of monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres (1993)

Abstract Highly crosslinked monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres were produced by precipitation polymerization with acetonitrile as solvent. The radical initiators AIBN, BPO, and ADVN were used. The process does not require stabilizers of any type, and produces monodisperse particles with diameters between 2 and 5 μm, depending on the conditions. These microspheres do not swell or dissolve in any common solvent, and have clean, stabilizer‐free surfaces. The particle formation and growth mechanism is proposed to resemble that of dispersion polymerization, except that the particles are stabilized against coagulation by their rigid, crosslinked surfaces rather than by added stabilizers. Spherical particles were formed only at effective crosslinker/monomer or divinyl/monovinyl ratios larger than 1 : 2. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New approach to 3-D, high sensitivity, high mass resolution space plasma composition measurements (1990)

This paper describes a new type of 3-D space plasma composition analyzer. The design combines high sensitivity, high mass resolution measurements with somewhat lower mass resolution but even higher sensitivity measurements in a single compact and robust design. While the lower resolution plasma measurements are achieved using conventional straight-through time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the high mass resolution measurements are made by timing ions reflected in a linear electric field (LEF), where the restoring force that an ion experiences is proportional to the depth it travels into the LEF region. Consequently, the ion’s equation of motion in that dimension is that of a simple harmonic oscillator and its travel time is simply proportional to the square root of the ion’s mass/charge (m/q). While in an ideal LEF, the m/q resolution can be arbitrarily high, in a real device the resolution is limited by the field linearity which can be achieved. In this paper we describe how a nearly linear field can be produced and discuss how the design can be optimized for various different plasma regimes and spacecraft configurations.
LSD1 inhibitors: a patent review (2010-2015) (2016)

The development of novel potent and selective LSD1 inhibitors is ongoing, in order to improve their potency and selectivity against specific types of cancer or non-cancer diseases. More in-depth studies are required to assess the role of LSD1 inhibitors in the expression of LSD1 target genes, for a better assessment of the biochemistry underlying their efficacy, and to provide evidence for any possible side effects. Furthermore, an interesting therapeutic approach is the use of LSD1 inhibitors in conjunction with other epidrugs to combine their therapeutic potential, leading to innovative, personalized treatments.
Improved document image segmentation algorithm using multiresolution morphology (2010)

Page segmentation into text and non-text elements is an essential preprocessing step before optical character recognition (OCR) operation. In case of poor segmentation, an OCR classification engine produces garbage characters due to the presence of non-text elements. This paper describes modifications to the text/non-text segmentation algorithm presented by Bloomberg,<sup>1</sup> which is also available in his open-source Leptonica library.<sup>2</sup>The modifications result in significant improvements and achieved better segmentation accuracy than the original algorithm for UW-III, UNLV, ICDAR 2009 page segmentation competition test images and circuit diagram datasets.
An Approach of Cyberattacks with the Use of Social Networks and Communication Media for Public Organizations of the Ecuador (2019)

An analysis was carried out of several cyber-attack methods that use Social Networks and Media as their main resource, as well as their different countermeasures to mitigate the vulnerability and risk of information loss. The main objective is to propose a Model for the Management of Cybersecurity, which can be adopted by public organizations in Ecuador. The deductive method and exploratory research were used to analysis the information of the referenced articles, and also the different data published by the written and spoken press. This research resulted in a cybersecurity Management Model for analyzing the impact of cyberattacks and appropriate measures to mitigate their effect through a risk matrix. It was concluded that the model presented is a viable alternative for maintaining and improving cybersecurity and facing threats and cyberattacks, as well as the control of existing risk in the institution, that compromise information security and integrity.
Software fault isolation with API integrity and multi-principal modules (2011)

The security of many applications relies on the kernel being secure, but history suggests that kernel vulnerabilities are routinely discovered and exploited. In particular, exploitable vulnerabilities in kernel modules are common. This paper proposes LXFI, a system which isolates kernel modules from the core kernel so that vulnerabilities in kernel modules cannot lead to a privilege escalation attack. To safely give kernel modules access to complex kernel APIs, LXFI introduces the notion of API integrity, which captures the set of contracts assumed by an interface. To partition the privileges within a shared module, LXFI introduces module principals. Programmers specify principals and API integrity rules through capabilities and annotations. Using a compiler plugin, LXFI instruments the generated code to grant, check, and transfer capabilities between modules, according to the programmer's annotations. An evaluation with Linux shows that the annotations required on kernel functions to support a new module are moderate, and that LXFI is able to prevent three known privilege-escalation vulnerabilities. Stress tests of a network driver module also show that isolating this module using LXFI does not hurt TCP throughput but reduces UDP throughput by 35%, and increases CPU utilization by 2.2-3.7x.
Significance of positively charged amino acids for the function of the Acidovorax delafieldii porin Omp34 (1995)

The functional significance of charged amino acids of the anion-selective porin Omp34 from Acidovorax delafieldii was investigated by means of conductance measurements. Chemical modification of Lys and Arg as well as titration of charges by adjusting the pH value revealed that positively charged amino acid residues determine the major functional properties of the porin. Positive charges are involved in creating the protein surface potential, the selectivity filter inside the channels, and the voltage-sensing and/or gating mechanisms.
Re-challenge with temozolomide (TMZ) at recurrence in high-grade gliomas (HGG) (2007)

2034 Background: TMZ is standard therapy for patients (pts) with HGG. Recent data suggest potentially enhanced efficacy of alternative schedules of TMZ administration based on optimizing depletion of MGMT. However, no prospective data have been published on the efficacy of TMZ regimens after failure of first-line TMZ (FL-TMZ). We therefore assessed the outcome of rechallenge with TMZ in pts with HGG. Methods: A retrospective review of pt with recurrent HGG who were rechallenged with TMZ between Jan 2000 and Oct 2006 was conducted. Standard criteria for rechallenge were as follows: if pts relapsed=8 wks after discontinuation of FL-TMZ, they were treated with the same or an alternative regimen of TMZ; however, if they progressed while still receiving TMZ, they were treated with an alternative regimen. Results: Of a total 81 pts identified, 54 intra-institutional pts were evaluable, 23 glioblastoma (GBM), 22 anaplastic glioma (AG). Median age was 44 yr with median KPS of 80. The response rate (RR) to FL-TMZ was 65% in GBM and 95% in AG using Macdonald criteria. At rechallenge, pts received one of four TMZ regimens: 150–200 mg/m 2 /d for 5/28 days (n=35), 150 mg/m 2 /d for 7/14 days (n=7), 75 mg/m 2 /d for 21/28 days (n=4), or continuous 50 mg/m 2 /d (n=7). All pts had progressed during FL-TMZ or after initial discontinuation of TMZ. Discontinuation during rechallenge TMZ was due to progressive disease in 36 pts and patient request in 6 pts. None of the pts discontinued due to toxicity. The response rates were 66% and 70% in GBM and AG, respectively. 8/12 non-responders to FL-TMZ responded to alternate regimens of TMZ. Median time to progression (TTP) was 20 weeks and 22 weeks, respectively. Six-month progression-free survival was 41% in GBM and 43% in AG. Conclusions: TMZ was well tolerated without major toxicities and had a good RR in pts who had previously failed TMZ. Durable responses were observed in patients who had not initially responded to front-line TMZ. These data suggest that rechallenge with TMZ in previous responders and non-responders warrants further investigation in a prospective study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The interaction of calmodulin with amphiphilic peptides. (1985)

Calmodulin has recently been shown to form exceptionally tight, calcium-dependent complexes with several natural peptides (Kdiss greater than 10(-7) M). These peptides were demonstrated to be capable of forming basic, amphiphilic alpha-helices. To further illustrate the importance of this structural feature for calmodulin binding, several other amphiphilic alpha-helical peptides were tested for their ability to bind calmodulin. To monitor complexes of high affinity (greater than 10(8) M-1), a new competition assay was devised with Sepharose 4B-conjugated melittin. Stoichiometries were assessed by electrophoresis and equilibrium size exclusion chromatography. Three peptides, which were designed to form idealized amphiphilic alpha-helices were tested. The basic peptides, N alpha-9-fluorenylmethoxycarboxyl-(FMOC)-(Leu-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-Lys-L eu)1 and FMOC-(Leu-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-Lys-Leu)2 bind calmodulin in a 1:1 complex with dissociation constants of 150 and 3 nM, respectively. The acidic peptide, FMOC-(Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu-Leu-Glu-Leu)2 failed to bind calmodulin, even at micromolar concentrations. Complex formation between calmodulin and the 14-residue basic peptide leads to an increase in the helicity of the complex which is attributed to an increase of about 50% in the helicity of the peptide. Calmodulin also interacts with the neutral alpha-helical peptide toxin delta-hemolysin. Concomitant with binding, the fluorescence maximum of the unique Trp residue increases 2-fold and is blue-shifted. A dissociation constant could not be unambiguously estimated though, since delta-hemolysin has a strong tendency to self-aggregate. The above data support our hypothesis that a basic, amphiphilic alpha-helix is a structural feature which underlies the calmodulin-binding properties common to a variety of peptides.