gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Variable Step-Size Decorrelation Normalized Least-Mean-Square Algorithm and its Application to Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2016)

In this paper, we present a robust variable step-size decorrelation normalized least-mean-square (RVSSDNLMS) algorithm. A new constrained minimization problem is developed by minimizing the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm of the a decorrelated posteriori error signal with a constraint on the filter coefficients in the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm sense. Solving this minimization problem gives birth to the efficient RVSSDNLMS algorithm. The convergence performance and computational complexity of RVSSDNLMS algorithm are analyzed. Finally, simulations show that the proposed RVSSDNLMS considerably outperforms the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS), robust variable step-size NLMS, and pseudoaffine projection algorithms in terms of convergence rate and steady-state error in Gaussian noise and impulsive noise environments.
Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis by Interferon-γ by Suppression of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation (2014)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) differentiate from monocytes and are the M2-polarized macrophages in most human tumors, secreting generous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote angiogenesis. Although it has been shown in vitro that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can inhibit monocytes differentiating to M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and switch TAMs from M2 into M1, suppressing the ability of secreting VEGF, its effects on TAMs in vivo remains unknown. Here we tried to examine the effects of IFN-γ on the recruitment of monocyte/macrophage differentiation of TAMs and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. We built a gallbladder cancer model by inoculating subcutaneously the human gallbladder cancer cell line (GBC-SD) into BALB/C nude mice and injected the recombinant mouse IFN-γ intratumorally. We found that in the IFN-γ group, the number of monocytes/macrophages was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01), and TAM differentiation rate, which we defined as the number of TAMs / the number of monocytes/macrophages × 100%, mice-VEGF concentration, and microvessels density (MVD) were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01). Our results suggest that IFN-γ can induce monocytes/macrophages recruiting into the tumor microenvironment, but inhibit them, differentiating to TAMs in vivo, which may reduce the concentration of VEGF and angiogenesis in tumor.
High-Speed Data Shredding using Python (2012)

In recent years, backup and restore is a common topic in data storage. However, there’s hardly anybody mention about safe data deletion. Common data destruction methodology requires the wipe operation to fill the disk with zeros, then with random data, and then with zeros again. Three passes are normally sufficient for ordinary home users. On the down side, such algorithms will take many hours to delete a 2TB hard disk. Although current Linux utility tools gives most users more than enough security and data protections, we had developed a cross-platform standalone application that could expunge all confidential data stored in flash drive or hard disk. The data shredding software is written in Python, and it could overwrite existing data using user-defined wipe algorithm. This software project also explores the technical approaches to digital data destruction using various methodologies defined in different standards, which includes a selection of military-grade procedures proposed by information security specialists. The application operates with no limitations to the capacity of the storage media connected to the computer system, it can rapidly and securely erase any magnetic mediums, optical disks or solid-state memories found in the computer or embedded system. Not only does the software comply with the IEEE T10/T13 specifications, it also binds to the number of connectivity limited by the SAS/SATA buses.
Forensic STR profiling based smart barcode, a highly efficient and cost effective human identification system (2018)

In forensic science, the human identification is the major goal in criminal cases and in paternity dispute, based on DNA profiling of individual. Analysis of short tandem repeat (STRs) markers used as a reliable technique for this purpose. In this study the main objective was to develop a human identification based on DNA fingerprinting using Human Identification Barcode System (HIBS). HIBS may be used to provide a unique molecular signature of human in the form of a barcode. DNA was isolated from blood by using PCR technique to detect bands to design human barcode using self-designed system. HIBS is a web based application that can be accessed via www.hibs.com.pk. HIBS can be accessed with internet access and may be introduced on security checkpoints to identify an individual based on his own DNA instead of conventional procedures of identification. The barcode generated through DNA fingerprinting will be stored in a HIBS, and may also be a part of CNIC. It may be successfully used against suicide bombers, target killers, etc., as even a single blood spot, a few skin cells, root of the hair etc., to identify such culprits. It may also be effectively used to relieve the individuals with false accusations.
Unified solid-state-storage architecture with NAND flash memory and ReRAM that tolerates 32&#x00D7; higher BER for big-data applications (2013)

Unified solid-state storage (USSS) provides high error tolerance with four techniques: reverse-mirroring (RM), error-reduction synthesis (ERS), page-RAID, and error-masking (EM). The acceptable raw bit-error rate (ABER) of NAND flash memory is enhanced by 32×, or endurance or data-retention time effectively extends by 4.2 or 34×, respectively. ABER is defined to realize BER after ECC below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> .
Ultra shallow junction doping technology for sub-100 nm CMOS (2002)

We are greeting the technology "Quantum Leap" encompassing low energy doping processes and novel annealing technologies to be the standard technology which can achieve the ultra shallow junction with very high throughput and lower resistance. The technology is applied to fabricate the sub-100 nm CMOS.
Federated Learning Based on Dynamic Regularization (2021)

We propose a novel federated learning method for distributively training neural network models, where the server orchestrates cooperation between a subset of randomly chosen devices in each round. We view Federated Learning problem primarily from a communication perspective and allow more device level computations to save transmission costs. We point out a fundamental dilemma, in that the minima of the local-device level empirical loss are inconsistent with those of the global empirical loss. Different from recent prior works, that either attempt inexact minimization or utilize devices for parallelizing gradient computation, we propose a dynamic regularizer for each device at each round, so that in the limit the global and device solutions are aligned. We demonstrate both through empirical results on real and synthetic data as well as analytical results that our scheme leads to efficient training, in both convex and non-convex settings, while being fully agnostic to device heterogeneity and robust to large number of devices, partial participation and unbalanced data.
Novel TREM-1 Inhibitors Attenuate Tumor Growth and Prolong Survival in Experimental Pancreatic Cancer (2017)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal cancer with an urgent need to expand the limited treatment options for patients. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. High expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) on TAMs directly correlates with poor survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have previously hypothesized that blockade of TREM-1 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cancer and shown that the novel, ligand-independent TREM-1 inhibitory peptides rationally designed using the signaling chain homooligomerization (SCHOOL) strategy suppress NSCLC growth in vivo. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of these inhibitors in three human PC xenograft mouse models. Administration of SCHOOL peptides resulted in a strong antitumor effect achieving an optimal treatment/control (T/C) value of 19% depending on the xenograft and formulation used and persisting even after treatment was halted. The effect correlated significantly with increased survival and suppressed TAM infiltration. The peptides were well-tolerated when deployed either in free form or formulated into lipopeptide complexes for peptide half-life extension and targeted delivery. Finally, blockade of TREM-1 significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), but not vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting M-CSF-dependent antitumor mechanisms. Collectively, these promising data suggest that SCHOOL TREM-1-specific peptide inhibitors have a cancer type independent, therapeutically beneficial antitumor activity and can be potentially used as a stand-alone therapy or as a component of combinational therapy for PC, NSCLC, and other solid tumors.
Two overlapping transcription units which extend across the L-S junction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1995)

A region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome located upstream of the alpha 0 promoter contains a promoter which regulates transcription in the opposite orientation to that driven by alpha 0. Analyses of mutants from which this promoter, alpha X, was deleted and a mutant in which a fragment that serves as a transcription terminator and polyadenylation signal was inserted upstream of this promoter demonstrate that two distinct transcription units overlap this region of the genome and are transcribed in a direction antisense to the neurovirulence gene gamma (1)34.5. One unit, dependent on the alpha X promoter, is active when cells are infected in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The second unit, independent of alpha X, is active during the course of productive infection. This transcription unit originates from a promoter upstream of alpha X which is distinct from the latency-associated promoter (LAP). Two polyadenylated transcripts of 0.9 and 4.9 kb accumulate from this region of the genome during productive infection, but no mature transcripts accumulate in infected cells maintained in the presence of cycloheximide. Kinetic analyses demonstrate that the transcripts that accumulate during productive infection fall into the beta class of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes.
Different Interaction Mechanisms of Eu(III) and <sup>243</sup>Am(III) with Carbon Nanotubes Studied by Batch, Spectroscopy Technique and Theoretical Calculation (2015)

Herein the sorption of Eu(III) and (243)Am(III) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied, and the results show that Eu(III) and (243)Am(III) could form strong inner-sphere surface complexes on CNT surfaces. However, the sorption of Eu(III) on CNTs is stronger than that of (243)Am(III) on CNTs, suggesting the difference in the interaction mechanisms or properties of Eu(III) and (243)Am(III) with CNTs, which is quite different from the results of Eu(III) and (243)Am(III) interaction on natural clay minerals and oxides. On the basis of the results of density functional theory calculations, the binding energies of Eu(III) on CNTs are much higher than those of (243)Am(III) on CNTs, indicating that Eu(III) could form stronger complexes with the oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs than (243)Am(III), which is in good agreement with the experimental results of higher sorption capacity of CNTs for Eu(III). The oxygen-containing functional groups contribute significantly to the uptake of Eu(III) and (243)Am(III), and the binding affinity increases in the order of ≡S-OH < ≡S-COOH < ≡S-COO(-). This paper highlights the interaction mechanism of Eu(III) and (243)Am(III) with different oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs, which plays an important role for the potential application of CNTs in the preconcentration, removal, and separation of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in environmental pollution cleanup.
Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. II. Inhibition of smooth muscle growth by heparin. (1985)

Heparin inhibits intimal thickening after arterial injury. Whether this effect is due to inhibition of medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, SMC proliferation in the intima, or synthesis and deposition of connective tissue has not been evident. In this study we have investigated these possibilities in a rat carotid balloon injury model. Heparin (0.3 mg/kg/hour) was administered intravenously by means of osmotic pumps to experimental animals, and controls received lactated Ringer's solution. Smooth muscle proliferation (thymidine index), intimal smooth muscle accumulation, and endothelial regeneration were measured at intervals between 0 and 28 days. Total smooth muscle growth as determined biochemically at 14 days was markedly inhibited by heparin if the pumps were placed 24 hours before or at the time of injury and less so if inserted 48 or 96 hours after injury. SMC thymidine indices were maximal in the media at 4 days and in the intima at 7 days for injured arteries of both heparin-treated and control rats; at each time point SMC proliferation and intimal thickening were less in heparin-treated rats. The volume of connective tissue in the intima was the same in both groups at 28 days. Medial SMC migration into the intima was diminished by heparin treatment, but endothelial regeneration was not affected. These results support the hypothesis that heparin is a specific inhibitor of SMC migration and proliferation and is most effective if started before SMC enter S-phase.
Low Dose of Transdermal Estradiol Gel for Treatment of Symptomatic Postmenopausal Women (2007)

I.
Field Performance of Heat Pump Water Heaters in the Northeast (2013)

Heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) are finally entering the mainstream residential water heater market. Potential catalysts are increased consumer demand for higher energy efficiency electric water heating and a new Federal water heating standard that effectively mandates use of HPWHs for electric storage water heaters with nominal capacities greater than 55 gallons. When compared to electric resistance water heating, the energy and cost savings potential of HPWHs is tremendous. Converting all electric resistance water heaters to HPWHs could save American consumers 7.8 billion dollars annually ($182 per household) in water heating operating costs and cut annual residential source energy consumption for water heating by 0.70 quads. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. embarked on one of the first in situ studies of these newly released HPWH products through a partnership with two sponsoring electric utility companies, National Grid and NSTAR, and one sponsoring energy efficiency service program administrator, Cape Light Compact. Recent laboratory studies have measured performance of HPWHs under various operating conditions, but publicly available field studies have not been as available. This evaluation attempts to provide publicly available field data on new HPWHs by monitoring the performance of three recently released products (General Electric GeoSpring(tm), A.O. Smith Voltex(r), and Stiebel Eltron Accelera(r)300). Fourteen HPWHs were installed in Massachusetts and Rhode Island and monitored for over a year. Of the 14 units, ten were General Electric models (50 gallon units), two were Stiebel Eltron models (80 gallon units), and two were A.O. Smith models (one 60-gallon and one 80-gallon unit).
Vacuum membrane distillation on a microfluidic chip (2009)

A multilayered microfluidic chip used for vacuum membrane distillation is designed, fabricated and tested by rectification of a water–methanol mixture.
Multifunctional imaging of human retina and choroid with 1050-nm spectral domain optical coherence tomography at 92-kHz line scan rate (2011)

The light source at ~1-μm wavelength is attractive for enhanced imaging depth in retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this paper, we report on a 1050-nm spectral domain OCT system, combined with optical microangiography that operates at a 92-kHz line scan rate for multifunctional imaging of the human eye, delivering the volumetric imaging of microstructure and microvasculature within retina and choroid.
The macrophage: the intersection between HIV infection and atherosclerosis (2009)

HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) with underlying mechanisms including chronic immune activation and inflammation secondary to HIV-induced microbial translocation and low-grade endotoxemia; direct effects of HIV and viral proteins on macrophage cholesterol metabolism; and dyslipidemia related to HIV infection and specific antiretroviral therapies. Monocytes are the precursors of the lipid-laden foam cells within the atherosclerotic plaque and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. The minor CD14+/CD16+ "proinflammatory" monocyte subpopulation is preferentially susceptible to HIV infection and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-related CAD. In this review, the central role of monocytes/macrophages in HIV-related CAD and the importance of inflammation and cholesterol metabolism are discussed.
Correlation between a phenotypic assay and three bioinformatic tools for determining HIV co-receptor use (2007)

The predictive value of three genotypic methods to determine HIV-1 co-receptor usage was assessed in 83 plasma specimens taking as reference the results obtained using a recombinant phenotypic assay (Phenoscript). The best concordance was found for webPSSM, followed by geno2pheno and wetcat (85.9, 71.8 and 70.5%, respectively). Less than 5.1% of phenotypic X4 viruses were missed by genotypic tools. The genotypic prediction of HIV-1 co-receptor usage can thus assist therapeutic decisions for using CCR5 antagonists.
Deposition of Mannan Binding Protein and Mannan Binding Protein-Mediated Complement Activation in the Glomeruli of Patients with IgA Nephropathy (1998)

Mannan binding protein (MBP) is a C-type lectin and has a high affinity to mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine. It is also known to activate C4 and C2 without C1 component, which is called 'lectin pathway'. We now report the presence of MBP and MBP-mediated complement activation in renal glomeruli of IgA nephropathy patients using an immunohistochemical method. In 7 of 42 cases with IgA nephropathy, MBP was detected in the glomerular mesangial area and colocalized with IgA1. In 19 cases with other types of IC-mediated glomerulonephritis including lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy or without nephritis, MBP was not detected in the glomerulus. The C2- and/or C4-positive rate was 87.5% in the MBP-positive group and 20% in the MBP-negative group of IgA nephropathy. In addition, MBP-positive cases showed marked mesangial cell proliferation, lower creatinine clearance (53.4 +/- 10.0 vs. 77. 8 +/- 4.7 ml/min) and higher urinary protein excretion (2.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2 g/day) compared with MBP-negative cases. These findings suggested that MBP was involved in glomerular complement activation through the lectin pathway and thus induced glomerular injury of IgA nephropathy. Since oligosaccharide chain alterations such as reduced sialic acid and galactose of IgA1 molecule have been reported in IgA nephropathy patients, MBP might bind to the IgA1 molecule via interaction between MBP and sugar chain.
Data Analysis (1999)

Abstract In this article, we describe the concepts and techniques of data analysis. Two categories, supervised data analysis and unsupervised data analysis, are presented according to different initial conditions and resultant uses. Two methods for data analysis are then described and illustrated with examples, which are based on probability theory and fuzzy‐set theory, respectively. Following the introduction of fundamental data analysis methods, the method for Internet data analysis is presented. Further discussions on advanced techniques for Internet data analysis are then provided, which are based on rough‐set theory. Finally, we bring this article to a conclusion with the research trends highlighted. Data Analysis Methods Data Analysis on Internet Data Improvement of the Data Analysis Methods Summary
Moth and candle: the candle flame as a sexual mimic of the coded infrared wavelengths from a moth sex scent (pheromone) (1977)

The idea that antennal sensilla of insects (spines) are dielectric waveguides or resonators to electromagnetic energy presumes the emission of such energies from insect pheromones (sex scents) and host plant scents. It has lately been shown that many organic molecules chemiluminesce in the far ir and particularly in the 7-14-microm and 15-26-microm windows. Luminescence from the insect pheromone (sex scent) was predicted by P. S. Callahan in 1965. The prediction was based on the form, arrangement, and dielectric properties of the moth antenna sensilla (spines)-in short, on morphology and antenna design alone. The spectral emission in the 17-microm region for the cabbage looper moth pheromone (female sex scent) (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate is given. The male cabbage looper moth is attracted to the acetate molecule given off by the female. It is also demonstrated that the exact same coded far ir lines (17-microm region) are emitted by a candle flame. The male moth is highly attracted to and dies attempting to mate with the candle flame.
Forward from the Famous Five: A Last Colonialism in Music Education? (1986)

The dominance of the English approach in New Zealand's music education is considered a residue of colonialism. Attempts to establish an independent music education system in New Zealand, due to changing attitudes to music, an altered music curriculum and an attitude change in private music teachers, are discussed.
Orthogonal array design as a chemometric method for the optimization of analytical procedures. Part 1. Two-level design and its application in microwave dissolution of biological samples (1994)

The theory and methodology of two-level orthogonal array design for the optimization of analytical procedures were developed. In the theoretical part, the matrix of the two-level orthogonal array design is described while orthogonality is proved by a linear regression model. Then, the assignment of experiments in a two-level orthogonal array design and the application of the triangular table associated with the corresponding orthogonal array matrix are illustrated, followed by the data analysis strategy, in which significance of the different factor effects is quantitatively evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the percentage contribution method. Finally, a linear regression equation representing the response surface is established to estimate the factors that have a significant influence. In the application section, microwave dissolution for the determination of selenium in biological samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as a practical example is employed to demonstrate the application of the proposed two-level orthogonal array design in analytical chemistry.