gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cylindrical PVDF film transmitters and receivers for air ultrasound (2002)

Cylindrical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film transducers for transmission and reception of 40-kHz ultrasonic waves in air have been investigated. A key feature of such transducers is their omni-directional polar response. An optimized structure comprises a cylindrical PVDF film element resting on a spool without a mechanical bond to it. Various key design equations to obtain the required ultrasonic performance both as transmitter and receiver are shown, which include resonance frequency, acoustic pressure, angle performance, back air cavity effect, and receiver sensitivity. Measurements of actual frequency response of transmitter output and receiver sensitivity, angular performance, back air space effect, and temperature effect are presented. The results agree well with the theoretical predictions. It has been shown that this device is well-suited for practical application as an ultrasonic ranging device.
On the permutation capacity of digraphs (2008)

We extend several results of the third author and C. Malvenuto on graph-different permutations to the case of directed graphs and introduce new open problems. Permutation capacity is a natural extension of Sperner capacity from finite directed graphs to infinite digraphs. Our subject is combinatorial in nature, but can be equally regarded as zero-error information theory.
Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 (2000)

This document defines a new Optional Parameter, called Capabilities, that is expected to facilitate the introduction of new capabilities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) by providing graceful capability advertisement without requiring that BGP peering be terminated.
Optogenetic Control of Heart Rhythm by Selective Stimulation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pnmt+ Cells in Murine Heart (2017)

In the present study, channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) was specifically introduced into murine cells expressing the Phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (Pnmt) gene, which encodes for the enzyme responsible for conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline. The new murine model enabled the identification of a distinctive class of Pnmt-expressing neuroendocrine cells and their descendants (i.e. Pnmt<sup>+</sup> cell derived cells) within the heart. Here, we show that Pnmt<sup>+</sup> cells predominantly localized to the left side of the adult heart. Remarkably, many of the Pnmt<sup>+</sup> cells in the left atrium and ventricle appeared to be working cardiomyocytes based on their morphological appearance and functional properties. These Pnmt<sup>+</sup> cell derived cardiomyocytes (PdCMs) are similar to conventional myocytes in morphological, electrical and contractile properties. By stimulating PdCMs selectively with blue light, we were able to control cardiac rhythm in the whole heart, isolated tissue preparations and single cardiomyocytes. Our new murine model effectively demonstrates functional dissection of cardiomyocyte subpopulations using optogenetics, and opens new frontiers of exploration into their physiological roles in normal heart function as well as their potential application for selective cardiac repair and regeneration strategies.
Importance of methotrexate therapy concomitant with tocilizumab treatment in achieving better clinical outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis patients with high disease activity: an observational cohort study (2014)

Concomitant MTX use is an important component of TCZ treatment for RA patients with high disease activity.
Degradation of trichloroethylene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene by a methanotrophic consortia in a trickle-type bioreactor (1988)

A trickle-bed bioreactor containing a consortium of microorganisms utilizing methane as the primary carbon source was used to treat a synthetic groundwater containing trichloroethylene (TCE) and trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene (DCE). With influent concentrations of TCE and DCE of 1 mg/L each and an average residence time of about 50 min, >50% of the TCE and >90% of the DCE was degraded. The reactor exhibited first-order kinetics with respect to TCE degradation. 5 refs., 1 tab.
The application of zoom FFT technique to the extraction of fault character of induction motor (2008)

Because the fault character signal frequency is very close to fundamental wave frequency during the analysis of induction motor rotor winding fault based on the frequency of stator current, though in practical application, there is only signal spectrum in very small frequency range need to be taken into account, high resolution is demanded in the range, therefore the traditional base-band FFT is difficult to analyze the fault character component of induction motor rotor winding effectively. In this paper, the application of zoom FFT to identify the fault character signal of motor is discussed, the fundamental principle of zoom FFT based on multiple modulations and its application method is analyzed. Simulation calculation and practical engineering test have indicated that zoom FFT technique based on multiple modulations can identify the nice frequency structure of a certain band and extract the character signal in stator current under induction motor rotor winding fault effectively.
Transmission of HDTV and Audio Signals over One Single-Mode Fiber (1989)

Until recently, equipment available for fiber-optic transport of high-definition television (HDTV) over limited distances has used three separate fibers for transmission of the color components and a fourth for audio. Shortcomings of this approach are poor color registry, resulting from differences and variations in propagation delay, and the high cost of providing multiple fibers. Compressed digital HDTV codec algorithms required for digital transmission (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network [BISDN]) at an output bit rate of 150 to 600 Mbits/sec (SONET STS 3 to 12) are under laboratory study, but commercial availability appears to be several years away. This article describes the transmission of uncompressed HDTV signals and digital audio on one single-mode fiber incorporating components available today, such as wavelength division multiplexing and pulse-frequency modulators. Critical measurements made on a laboratory model to verify systems analyses are reported.
Influence of an aging step on the synthesis of zeolite NaA from Brazilian Amazon kaolin waste (2019)

The synthesis of zeolite NaA from kaolin waste was conducted subjecting the reaction mixture to an aging step before autoclaving at high temperature. This waste, from Brasilian Amazon, is deposited in large basins and display excellent quality. In this aging step, the reaction mixture was agitated for 24 h at room temperature, and after this time, the synthesis was performed for varying times of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 20 and 24 h at a constant temperature of 110 °C. The kaolin waste and synthesis products were characterized through X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. The results showed that the kaolin waste consists primarily of kaolinite. Zeolite NaA was obtained after 4 h. However, zeolite NaA was obtained with a high degree of purity and a high degree of structural order only for times of 6, 12, 18, 20 and 24 h. This study showed that zeolite NaA can be produced in shorter times through the synthesis route used. The production of zeolite NaA from kaolin waste could be an excellent way to minimize environmental impacts and decrease processing costs. Keywords: Kaolin waste, Aging, Zeolite NaA
Potentiation of natural killer cell activity with myricetin. (2014)

The enhanced cytotoxic activity observed with myricetin-pretreated-NK cells might shed some light on human studies indicating a preventive role of flavonols against cancer.
Analysis of microstrip antennas using moment methods (1981)

The method of moments is used to analyze microstrip antennas of rectangular and nonrectangular shape. Surface currents are used to model the microstrip patch and volume polarization currents for the dielectric slab. The method requires unusually precise computation of the impedance matrix but is capable of accurately predicting currents, impedance, and resonant frequency of the antenna.
Electrified Vehicles and the Smart Grid: The ITS Perspective (2014)

Vehicle electrification is envisioned to be a significant component of the forthcoming smart grid. In this paper, a smart grid vision of the electric vehicles for the next 30 years and beyond is presented from six perspectives pertinent to intelligent transportation systems: 1) vehicles; 2) infrastructure; 3) travelers; 4) systems, operations, and scenarios; 5) communications; and 6) social, economic, and political.
RSVP II: a next generation automotive vector processor (2005)

A large number of sensors (i.e., video, radar, laser, ultrasound, etc.) that continuously monitor the environment are finding their way in the average automobile. The algorithms processing the data captured by these sensors are streaming in nature and require a high rate of computation. Due to the characteristics of the automotive environment, this computation has to be delivered under very low energy and cost budgets. The reconfigurable streaming vector processing (RSVP/spl trade/) architecture is a vector coprocessor architecture which accelerates streaming data processing. This paper presents the RSVP architecture and its second implementation, RSVP II. Our results show significant speedups on data streaming functions running compiled code. On a lane tracking application, RSVP II shows impressive performance results. From a performance/$ and performance/mW perspective, RSVP architecture compares favorably with leading DSP architectures. The time to market is substantially reduced due to ease of programmability, elimination of hand-tuned assembly code, and support for software re-use through binary compatibility across multiple implementations.
Effects of 25% Propylene Glycol Hydrogel (Solugel) on Second Intention Wound Healing in Horses (2002)

Solugel does not appear to have any beneficial effect on healing of small full-thickness skin wounds to the distal limb of horses.
Fast fab scheduling rule selection by ordinal comparison-based simulation (2003)

In this paper, an ordinal comparison (OC)-based simulation tool is designed and applied to achieve fast selection of wafer release and lot dispatching rule combination for fab operations. By comparing relative orders of performance among scheduling rules to a specified level of confidence, the OC approach reduces simulation time significantly. The tool consists of (1) a discrete event simulator, (2) a fab model database, (3) a library of scheduling rules, (4) a library of performance indices, (5) an ordinal comparator, and (6) a computation budget allocation. Rule selections from a set of prominent fab scheduling rules under frequently considered fab performance indices such as mean and variance of cycle time and smoothness are studied over various time horizons by using a benchmark fab model. Results demonstrate a potential improvement in efficiency over traditional simulation by two orders of magnitude. In addition to insights about static selection of rules over various objectives and time horizons, our simulation studies also indicate the necessity of dynamic selection.
Novel tools for visualizing and exploring intermolecular interactions in molecular crystals (2004)

A new way of exploring packing modes and intermolecular interactions in molecular crystals is described, using Hirshfeld surfaces to partition crystal space. These molecular Hirshfeld surfaces, so named because they derive from Hirshfeld's stockholder partitioning, divide the crystal into regions where the electron distribution of a sum of spherical atoms for the molecule (the promolecule) dominates the corresponding sum over the crystal (the procrystal). These surfaces reflect intermolecular interactions in a novel visual manner, offering a previously unseen picture of molecular shape in a crystalline environment. Surface features characteristic of different types of intermolecular interactions can be identified, and such features can be revealed by colour coding distances from the surface to the nearest atom exterior or interior to the surface, or by functions of the principal surface curvatures. These simple devices provide a striking and immediate picture of the types of interactions present, and even reflect their relative strengths from molecule to molecule. A complementary two-dimensional mapping is also presented, which summarizes quantitatively the types of intermolecular contacts experienced by molecules in the bulk and presents this information in a convenient colour plot. This paper describes the use of these tools in the compilation of a pictorial glossary of intermolecular interactions, using identifiable patterns of interaction between small molecules to rationalize the often complex mix of interactions displayed by large molecules.
Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth and differentiation factors in the human cornea. (1999)

Given the importance of the TGF-beta family during embryonic development, the results suggest that its members may be components of the corneal cytokine network and may participate in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation.
Review of Space-Division Multiplexing Technologies in Optical Communications (2018)

The potential transmission capacity of a standard single-mode fiber peaks at around 100Tb/s owing to fiber nonlinearity and the bandwidth limitation of amplifiers. As the last frontier of multiplexing, space-division multiplexing (SDM) has been studied intensively in recent years. Although there is still time to deploy such a novel fiber communication infrastructure; basic research on SDM has been carried out. Therefore, a comprehensive review is worthwhile at this time toward further practical investigations.
Variable-rate adaptive modulation in MIMO systems exploiting multiuser diversity (2004)

An adaptive modulation technique for multiuser MIMO systems with multiuser diversity is proposed. This technique maximizes the sum of the instantaneous bit rate under a target BER constraint by feeding back sub-channel SNRs only. By generating a random transmit beamforming matrix with a water-filling configuration, each user estimates and feeds back the effective SNRs for its sub-channels. With each user's sub-channel SNRs, the transmitter then schedules the transmission to a particular one selected by a proportional fair scheduling algorithm. Finally, adaptive modulation is applied to each sub-channel of the selected user based on the BER constraint. Simulation results show that the throughput of the proposed method converges to that of eigen-beamforming when the number of users in a cell is large.
Deep Learning With Adaptive Hyper-Parameters for Low-Dose CT Image Reconstruction (2021)

Low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging is preferred in many applications to reduce the object's exposure to X-ray radiation. In recent years, one promising approach to image reconstruction in LDCT is the so-called optimization-unrolling-based deep learning approach, which replaces pre-defined image prior by learnable adaptive prior in some model-based iterative image reconstruction scheme (MBIR). While it is known that setting appropriate hyper-parameters in MBIR is challenging yet important to the reconstruction quality, it does not receive enough attention in the development of deep learning methods. This paper proposed a deep learning method for LDCT reconstruction that unrolls a half-quadratic splitting scheme. The proposed method not only introduces learnable image prior built on framelet filter bank, but also learns a network that automatically adjusts the hyper-parameters to fit noise level and the data for processing. As a result, only one universal model needs to be trained in our method to process the data taken under different dose levels. Experimental evaluation on clinical patient dataset showed that the proposed method outperformed both conventional and deep-learning-based solutions by a large margin.
Fully Automated Fluid Level Measurement Tool (2011)

Abstract The fully automated fluid level measurement tool was developed recently. The paper describes the technical features of the tool and shows via case study the results of the field tests on various Electrical Submersible Pumps - ESPs and sucker rod pumps – SRP, running with and without Variable Speed Drive - VSD. The unique feature of this system is its fully automated and purely electronic functioning. The measuring device is enclosed, mounted on the casing valve, has a pressure rating of 350 bar (5000psi) and works with zero emissions on the environment (no outlet of casing gas). Compared with a conventional downhole pressure sensor, mounted on an ESP, the system is insensitive to high well fluid temperatures and simple to maintain due to its easy access on surface location. It additionally has a sampling rate of down to one measurement per minute. The measured fluid level data can be transmitted via SCADA system. The measurement tool enables to run a pump in a more safe way. It can be used to avoid pump off conditions and the resulting equipment damage. It can also be used to control a VSD to keep the fluid level in a well at a specific depth to avoid bottomhole flow conditions below the bubble point pressure. Due to the availability of online fluid level data, all kind of pumps (e.g. ESP, Sucker Rod, PCP, Jet Pump) can be operated safely at more aggressive production rates in order to mobilize more oil. Furthermore the vision and corresponding thoughts of acoustic well diagnosis, also a feature of the tool which is currently under investigation, are presented.
Structure of the β‐glucosidase gene <i>bglA</i> of <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of the Clostridium thermocellum gene bglA, coding for the thermostable beta-glucosidase A, has been determined. The coding region of 1344 bp was identified by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid squence of recombinant beta-glucosidase A purified from Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to a protein of 51,482 Da. The coding region is flanked by putative promoter and transcription terminator sequences. The protein is unrelated to beta-glucosidase B of C. thermocellum, but has a high level of similarity with other bacterial beta-glucosidases and phospho-beta-glucosidases. Similarity is also observed with the beta-galactosidase of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. Unexpectedly, it was found that human lactase-phlorizin hydrolase contains three copies of a sequence closely related to C. thermocellum beta-glucosidase A (up to 40% sequence identity). These diverse beta-glucosidases can therefore be grouped into an enzyme family (BGA) of common structural design. Sequence comparison by hydrophobic cluster analysis revealed that all BGA enzymes share a well conserved region which is homologous to the catalytic domain of the widely distributed cellulase family A. A distinctive feature of this domain is the sequence motif His-Asn-Glu-Pro in which the catalytic residues His and Glu are separated by 35-55 amino acid residues. The cellulase family A and the beta-glucosidase family BGA might thus be considered as members of a protein super-family comprising beta-glucanases and beta-glycosidases from all three primary kingdoms of living organisms.
The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity (2005)

Based on the curricula vitae and survey responses of 443 academic scientists affiliated with university research centers in the USA, we examine the longstanding assumption that research collaboration has a positive effect on publishing productivity. Since characteristics of the individual and the work environment are endogenously related to both collaboration and productivity, this study focuses on the mediating effect of collaboration on publishing productivity. By using the two-stage least squares analysis, the findings indicate that in the presence of moderating variables such as age, rank, grant, gender, marital status, family relations, citizenship, job satisfaction, perceived discrimination, and collaboration strategy, the simple number (‘normal count’) of peer-reviewed journal papers is strongly and significantly associated with the number of collaborators. However, the net impacts of collaboration are less clear. When we apply the same model and examine productivity by ‘fractional count’, dividing the number of publications by the number of authors, we find that number of collaborators is not a significant predictor of publishing productivity. In both cases, ‘normal count’ and ‘fractional count’, we find significant effects of research grants, citizenship, collaboration strategy, and scientific field. We believe that it is important to understand the effects of the individual and environmental factors for developing effective strategies to exploit the potential benefits of collaboration. We note that our focus is entirely at the individual level, and some of the most important benefits of collaboration may accrue to groups, institutions, and scientific fields.
Growth Mechanism of ALD ZnO Films Investigated by Physical Characterization (2010)

From diethyl Zinc, Zinc oxide thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering. The as-deposited ALD ZnO films showed good stoichiometry and thickness uniformity. The ALD ZnO films exhibit a preferential growth in the (002) plane or c-plane. The ZnO samples were annealed in air, nitrogen, and O2 ambient at different temperatures.
Sleep and breathing. (2000)

This paper reviews some of the recent advances in the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Sleep apnoea has recently been shown to be familial and in some of these patients this is due to retroposition of the maxilla and mandible. There is now good evidence that individuals with sleep apnoea have an increased risk of road accidents and increasing, although not yet 100% robust, evidence that they have an increased frequency of systemic hypertension. The last few years have seen a large number of randomised controlled trials of CPAP therapy which have shown clear evidence that CPAP improves symptoms, subjective sleepiness, objective sleepiness, cognitive function, IQ, mood, quality of life and driving ability. Evidence that CPAP influences cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes is awaited.