gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy-mediated oxidative stress can induce expression of heat shock proteins. (1996)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an experimental cancer therapy inducing tumor tissue damage via photosensitizer-mediated oxidative cytotoxicity. A previous report indicates that oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or menadione activates the heat shock transcription factor in mouse cells but does not result in either increased transcription or translation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Our study documents that photosensitizer-mediated oxidative stress can activate the heat shock factor as well as increase HSP-70 mRNA and protein levels in mouse RIF-1 cells. The cellular heat shock response after PDT varied for the different photosensitizers being examined. Treatments using either a chlorin (mono-L-aspartyl chlorin-e6)- or purpurin (tin etio-purpurin)-based sensitizer induced HSP-70 expression, whereas identical photosensitization conditions with a porphyrin (Photofrin)-based sensitizer failed to induce a cellular HSP response. These sensitizers, which generate singlet oxygen as the primary oxidant during photosensitization, were used in experiments under isoeffective treatment conditions. HSP-70 expression after photosensitization was associated with the concomitant induction of thermotolerance in PDT-treated cells. Interestingly, reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that in vivo PDT treatments of RIF-1 tumors induce expression of HSP-70 for all photosensitizers including Photofrin. These results indicate that photosensitizer-generated singlet oxygen exposure can induce in vitro and in vivo HSP-70 expression, and that specific subcellular targets of PDT (which can differ for various sensitizers) are determinants for HSP-70 activation after oxidative stress.
Heparan Sulfate Mimetics: A New Way to Optimize Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogel-Embedded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Colonic Radiation-Induced Damage (2019)

Clinical expression of gastrointestinal radiation toxicity on non-cancerous tissue could be very life threatening and clinicians must deal increasingly with the management of late side effects of radiotherapy. Cell therapy, in particular mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy, has shown promising results in numerous preclinical animal studies and thus has emerged as a new hope for patient refractory to current treatments. However, many stem cell clinical trials do not confer any beneficial effect suggesting a real need to accelerate research towards the successful clinical application of stem cell therapy. In this study, we propose a new concept to improve the procedure of MSC-based treatment for greater efficacy and clinical translatability. We demonstrated that heparan sulfate mimetic (HS-m) injections that restore the extracellular matrix network and enhance the biological activity of growth factors, associated with local injection of MSC protected in a hydrogel, that increase cell engraftment and cell survival, improve the therapeutic benefit of MSC treatment in two animal models relevant of the human pathology. For the first time, a decrease of the injury score in the ulcerated area was observed with this combined treatment. We also demonstrated that the combined treatment favored the epithelial regenerative process. In this study, we identified a new way, clinically applicable, to optimize stem-cell therapy and could be proposed to patients suffering from severe colonic defect after radiotherapy.
Diseño y evaluación de desempeño de la infraestructura AMI para la microrred de la Universidad de Nariño (2018)

Introducción: en este artículo, se presenta el diseño y la evaluación de desempeño de la Infraestructura de Medición Avanzada (ami, por sus siglas en inglés) para una microrred. Esta infraestructura permite la recopilación de datos de medición de los consumidores en un centro de gestión, fundamental en la construcción de una microrred. Objetivo: diseñar la red de comunicaciones, y seleccionar los equipos y el sistema de gestión para la ami en la microrred de la Universidad de Nariño. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de los aspectos a considerar en el diseño de la ami como topologías, tecnologías y protocolos de comunicación, además de las métricas para evaluar el desempeño de la ami. Resultados: se presenta el diseño de la ami contemplando equipos de medición, red de comunicaciones y centro de gestión. Una vez la ami fue implementada, se realizó la evaluación de desempeño según los parámetros de latencia, ancho de banda, rendimiento (throughput) y pérdida de paquetes. Conclusión: los resultados indican que la ami cumple con los parámetros de calidad de servicio, garantizando un óptimo flujo de información en la microrred. Originalidad: si bien varias iniciativas han sido enfocadas al diseño de soluciones basadas en microrredes y de infraestructuras ami, y al estudio de sus impactos, la implementación de estas redes es aun escasa en Colombia. Limitaciones: en este estudio, para la evaluación de desempeño de la red de comunicaciones, se ha contemplado el rendimiento de los canales de comunicación, sin tener en cuenta el rendimiento de los diferentes protocolos utilizados como Modbus/tcp y dnp3/tcp.
Contribution of variable-speed wind farms to damping of power system oscillations (2007)

This paper shows a variable speed windmill control system intended to damp inter-area power system oscillations. The proposed control is evaluated performing several simulations on a modified version of the 39 buses New England power system, which includes several wind farms. The simulations represent a three-phase shortcircuit, and the damping control system is applied with different gains. Inter-area oscillations and wind energy production graphics are shown and discussed. A modal analysis is performed on the inter-area active power flow in order to evaluate numerically the effect of the control system.
Sequencing of anti-thyroxine monoclonal antibody Fab fragment by ion trap mass spectrometry (2000)

A comprehensive mass spectrometric strategy is described for the sequencing of anti-thyroxine monoclonal antibody Fab region (48 000 Da). After reduction and S-carboxymethylation of the Fab, the modified light chain and Fd fragment were separated and subjected to multiple proteolytic digestions. The resulting digests were characterized by on-line microbore liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Database search against published immunoglobulins (IgGs) allowed identification of all the peptides in constant domains. The homologous framework residues in the IgGs were utilized as 'sequence maps' for the sequence determination of variable domains. S-Carboxymethylation with an isotopic-enriched moiety greatly facilitated the recognition and data elucidation of cysteinyl peptides through the unique isotopic distribution patterns specific to the modified peptides. Methylation of peptide mixtures provided additional information for the interpretation of MS/MS spectra, allowing easy differentiation of Asp/Asn and Gln/Glu pairs. This study clearly demonstrates the power of mass spectrometry for the sequencing of antibodies without knowing the corresponding DNA sequences.
<i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine mucolysis in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

To develop an efficient therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been tested as a medication that can suppress various pathogenic processes in this disease. NAC is a thiol compound, which provides sulfhydryl groups. NAC can act as a precursor of reduced glutathione and as a direct reactive oxygen species scavenger, hence regulating the redox status in the cells. In this way NAC can interfere with several signaling pathways that play a role in regulating apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and inflammatory response. Mucus hypersecretion has been reported in COPD and in other respiratory conditions. Two pathological processes have been described to play an important role in COPD, namely oxidative stress and inflammation. Both of these processes can induce mucin gene expression leading to mucin production. NAC, therefore, may influence mucin expression by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, and play a role as a mucolytic agent. In this review we focus on the mucolysis of NAC in the management of COPD.
Physically-based models of alignment schemes in commercial steppers (2002)

Optical alignment between reticle and wafer in photolithography processes has become one of the limiting factors for achieving submicron design rules. Various alignment schemes have been designed by stepper vendors to overcome the problem. Physically based models have been developed to simulate the images of the wafer alignment mark detected by these alignment schemes. The alignment schemes that can be modeled are the Ultratech key-target convolution scheme, the Censor and Hitachi bright field scheme, the GCA dark field scheme, the Canon dark field scheme, and the ASM moire interference scheme. Together with other metrology schemes, these alignment schemes have been implemented into a software tool, METRO, to facilitate the simulation task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on the Relationship of APACHE III and Levels of Cytokines in Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2007)

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship and interpret the clinical importance of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III (APACHE III) and levels of cytokines in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) to see if they are beneficial for evaluating the seriousness of SIRS. The data suggested that the APACHE III score and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were significantly higher after conventional CABG (CCABG) than after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) (p<0.05). With an increase in the APACHE III score, the levels of IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and sIL-2R and the morbidity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) increased gradually (p<0.01), while the level of IL2 decreased (p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that IL-1beta, IL6, IL8, and sIL-2R levels had significant influences on the APACHE III score (p<0.05). The APACHE III score and levels of IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and sIL-2R were significantly higher in the MODS group than in the non-MODS group (p<0.05), but the level of IL2 was significantly lower in the MODS group (p = 0.04). In conclusion, despite comparable surgical trauma, we believe that CPB is one of the most important factors responsible for stimulating an inflammatory response. SIRS after OPCAB was clearly mitigated compared with CCABG. Determination of the APACHE III score and plasma IL-1beta, IL6, IL8 and sIL-2R concentrations might be helpful for evaluating the severity of SIRS following CABG and making a prognosis.
Thymosin β‐4 and Venous Ulcers (2007)

The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study is to evaluate safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing of thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta-4) administered topically in patients with venous ulcers. Three groups of patients, coming from 10 sites, 5 from Italy and 5 from Poland, will be enrolled sequentially. Twenty-four patients within each group will be randomized to Tbeta-4 or placebo in a 3:1 ratio and will be treated with increasing doses of Tbeta-4. When review safety data show no-dose-limiting adverse events, a new group will be enrolled. So, the study design comprehends 72 patients treated for 84 days and followed for 14 days at the end of treatment. Blood samples will be taken on day 0 and at the end of treatment visit to measure plasma levels of Tbeta-4. Every week each patient is visited and blood samples are taken for clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis. Each ulcer is treated with debridement, if necessary, and compression therapy with standard compression stockings class 2. Efficacy parameters are incidence of healing defined as the percentage of patients who have complete closure of the index ulcer at day 84 and, mean time to complete healing. Ulcer area will be calculated by digital planimetry and photographic analysis. The study is ongoing and a total of 21 patients have been enrolled so far in the first treatment group at the lower dose. Patients' compliance and motivated and well-trained teams seem to be the most suitable parameters of a successfully conducted study.
First Iridium Complex End-Capped Polyfluorene:  Improving Device Performance for Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

Two types of fluorene-based copolymers, with 1-phenylisoquinoline-iridium complexes incorporated into the polyfluorene main chain by either embedding (P1 and P2) or end-capping (P3) manners via ancillary ligand β-diketonate were synthesized by the Suzuki polycondensation reaction and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and GPC. The electrochemical investigation reveals that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the monomeric iridium complexes fall within those of the parent polyfluorene, implying that the iridium complexes in the polymers could function as traps for both electrons and holes under electrical excitation. The different connection manners between the iridium complex and polyfluorene backbone have a significant effect on their photophysical and electroluminescent properties. The absorption spectra of P1−P3 are mostly characteristic of the polyfluorene backbone. The PL spectra of P1 and P2 are dominated by emission from the iridium complex at 625 nm, whereas for P3 the emission at 425 nm from the polyfluorene backbone is more intense than the emission at 622 nm from the iridium complex. The PL decay measurements show that P3 has a longer triplet lifetime at 1.05 μs with monoexponential mode than those of P1 and P2 with biexponential mode. Polymer light-emitting diodes with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/PVK/ P1, P2, or P3/Ba/Al were fabricated. The EL spectra of all of the devices show exclusively phosphorescent emission at 626−633 nm dominated by the charge-trapping mechanism. The device using P3 as the emitting layer displays significantly higher efficiency than those based on P1 and P2, which is attributed mainly to the fact that P3 suffers much less from triplet exciton back-transfer from the iridium complex to the polyfluorene backbone than P1 and P2. A red-emitting polymer light-emitting diode with an emission peak at 633 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.70% at a current density (J) of 3.58 mA/cm2, and a maximum luminance of 706 cd/m2 at 18 V was achieved.
Neural coding of envelope and fine structure in noise degraded speech (2008)

Numerous perceptual studies have revealed that envelope is sufficient for speech perception in quiet, but that temporal fine structure (TFS) is required for speech perception in noise. However, the neural correlates of these perceptual observations remain unknown. The primary focus of the present work was to develop and evaluate neural cross correlation coefficient (CCC) metrics to quantify envelope and TFS coding in auditory-nerve responses to noise degraded speech. Shuffled auto- and cross-correlogram analyses were used to compute separate CCCs to quantify stimulus-related envelope and fine structure based on neural spike train data from a computational auditory-nerve model. The neural CCCs have a wide dynamic range as revealed by near-zero values for uncorrelated conditions and near-one values for correlated conditions based on broadband noise responses. Spectrally matched noise was systematically added to a speech sentence at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Initial analyses reveal that CCC_ENV &gt; CCC_TFS for positive SNRs, whereas CCC_TFS &gt; CCC_ENV for negative SNRs. Predicted effects of hearing loss on envelope and TFS coding will also be discussed. These neural metrics can be used to evaluate temporal coding of speech with implications for cochlear-implant and hearing-aid strategies. Supported by NIH-NIDCD.
A Growth Hormone Binding Factor in the Serum of Pregnant Mice (1977)

Using a radioreceptor assay (RRA) an apparent growth hormone-like activity (GH-LA) was first detected in the serum of Swiss Webster mice at mid-pregnancy with peak concentrations appearing one to two days before parturition. Hysterectomy at day 17 of pregnancy was followed by a transient increase in apparent GH-LA. In the RRA, displacement of human [125I]iodoGH from the receptor by serial dilutions of serum from pregnant mice paralleled that of purified human GH standards. After gel filtration of a sample of pregnant serum on a Sephadex G-100 column the apparent GHLA determined by RRA was found in fractions with a relative elution volume (Ve/Vo) of 1.2. Moreover, when a sample of serum from pregnant mice and human [125I]iodoGH were separated on a similar column, more than 75% of the labeled hormone also eluted with a relative elution volume (Ve/Vo) of 1.2 rather than 2.0 which was found when human [l25I]iodoGH alone or with serum from nonpregnant mice was fractionated on the same column. In these fractions more than 65% of the human [125I]iodoGH was precipitable by excess antiserum to hGH. Upon addition of increasing amounts of unlabelled hGH to the mixture ef human [l25I]iodoGH and serum from pregnant mice a progressive decrease in the amount of human [125I]iodoGH recovered in fractions with a Ve/Vo of 1.2 was found. Bovine GH, but not ovine prolactin (oPRL) caused a similar displacement. When a plasma sample was obtained from pregnant mice after injection of 10 μg of unlabelled hGH and was fractionated in a similar manner, immunoreactive hGH was recovered in eluates corresponding to a Ve/Vo of 1.2. After injection of hGH into nonpregnant mice, immunoreactive hGH was recovered in fractions eluting with a Ve/Vo of 2.0. Following the same procedure, both unlabelled oPRL and [125I]iodoPRL consistently eluted in fractions with Ve/Vo = 2.0. In vivo experiments showed that the half-time disappearance rate of human [125I]iodoGH was significantly longer in the pregnant than in the nonpregnant mouse. When fresh serum obtained from mice on day 18 of pregnancy was fractionated, the endogenous immunoreactive mouse GH was recovered in fractions which also contained the GHbinding factor. Immunoreactive mouse GH from pituitary extracts was shown to bind to this factor on mixing with serum from pregnant mice. Serum concentration of immunoreactive mouse GH appeared to increase during pregnancy. In vitro studies indicated that the growth hormone binding factor competitively inhibited the binding of human [125I]iodoGH to rabbit liver in the standard RRA leading to falsely high estimates of growth hormone-like activity in the serum of pregnant mice. Assuming a monovalent interaction between GH and this binding factor, the molecular weight of the latter is estimated to be 60,000 daltons. Aqueous extracts of eleven tissues, including the placenta, failed to reveal the tissue source of the GH-binding factor.
A prediction model for the slot depth of high pressure water jet (2018)

Coal mines in China are characterized by low permeability, and hydraulic slotting is an effective technique to increase the gas permeability of coal. However, the slot depth cannot be accurately determined, which results in the layout parameters of the slotted borehole being empirically designed. In this paper, based on the law of momentum conservation, the velocity distribution law at the cross section of the water jet was derived. Based on the linear relationship between water jet impact power and the erosion volume, the law of pressure attenuation of water jet and Mohr–Coulomb criterion, changes of the slot depth with time and the influence range of water jet slot is confirmed. The maximum slot depth prediction model is also established. The results of field test show that the maximum error between the theoretical calculation value and the measured value is less than 10%, which better validates the prediction model of the slot depth.
Electrochemical migration behavior of Ag‐plated Cu‐filled electrically conductive adhesives (2012)

Abstract The electrochemical migration (ECM) behavior of the electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) filled with pure Ag powder or Ag‐plated Cu composite powder with varied Ag:Cu ratios was investigated under the condition of applying constant voltage and distilled water environment. ECM resistance was determined from the current‐time curves. The microstructure and composition of ECM dendrite products were analyzed by SEM/EDS and XRD. It was found that the ECM resistance of Ag‐plated Cu composite powder‐filled ECAs was evidently higher than that of pure Ag powder‐filled ECAs. The Ag:Cu ratio of composite powder in ECAs had notable influence on ECM resistance, which was enhanced with the decrease of Ag:Cu ratios. The composition of dendrites formed between cathode and anode during ECM process was not uniform for Ag‐plated Cu‐filled ECAs. An ECM inhibiting mechanism of Ag‐plated Cu composite powder was proposed according to analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel plot and dendrite composition.
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE AVULSED TOOTH: PRESENT STRATEGIES and FUTURE DIRECTIONS (2002)

Abstract – The aim of this review article is to supplement the recently published International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines on treatment of the avulsed tooth. A thorough discussion on the reasoning behind each guideline is presented. In addition, the author's views on alternate treatment strategies and future directions, along with recent research on the subject of the avulsed tooth, are also presented.
Information Flow Monitoring as Abstract Interpretation for Relational Logic (2014)

A number of systems have been developed for dynamic information flow control (IFC). In such systems, the security policy is expressed by labeling input and output channels, it is enforced by tracking and checking labels on data. Systems have been proven to enforce some form of noninterference (NI), formalized as a property of two runs of the program. In practice, NI is too strong and it is desirable to enforce some relaxation of NI that allows downgrading under constraints that have been classified as 'what', 'where', 'who', or 'when' policies. To encompass a broad range of policies, relational logic has been proposed as a means to specify and statically enforce policy. This paper shows how relational logic policies can be dynamically checked. To do so, we provide a new account of monitoring, in which the monitor state is viewed as an abstract interpretation of sets of pairs of program runs.
The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite for a Differential Global Positioning System (1993)

The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) is an experimental telecommunications satellite which is being built for NASA and is scheduled to be launched in July 1993. The satellite will act as a test bed for high gain hopping spot beams, on-board processing, and Ka-band technologies. The incorporation of these technologies provides it with many different capabilities, including the ability to transmit digital data with a data latency of less than one second at rates up to hundreds of megabits per second. NASA has developed a user-based experiments program to demonstrate the capabilities of the satellite. Experimenters have the opportunity to evaluate the potential of ACTS technologies to meet their communications needs. The U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) will be using the ACTS for transmitting Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) data to test for its use with meter and decimeter level applications in real time. The ACTS satellite communications has the capacity to transmit additional data, such as digital mapping data, with DGPS data in real time. Experimental telecommunications satellite, High gain spot beams, On-board processing, Ka-band, DGPS.