gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sniffing by a Silkworm Moth: Wing Fanning Enhances air Penetration Through and Pheromone Interception by Antennae (2000)

Many organisms increase the air or water flow adjacent to olfactory surfaces when exposed to appropriate chemical stimuli; such 'sniffing' samples fluid from a specific region and can increase the rate of interception of odorant molecules. We used hot-wire anemometry, high-speed videography and flow visualization to study air flow near the feathery olfactory antennae of male silkworm moths (Bombyx mori L.). When exposed to conspecific female sex pheromone, male B. mori flap their wings through a stroke angle of 90-110 degrees at approximately 40 Hz without flying. This behavior generates an unsteady flow of air (mean speed 0.3-0.4 m s(-1)) towards the antennae from the front of the male. A pulse of peak air speed occurs at each wing upstroke. The Womersley number (characterizing the damping of pulsatile flow through the gaps between the sensory hairs on the antennae) is less than 1; hence, pulses of faster air (at 40 Hz) should move between sensory hairs. Calculation of flow through arrays of cylinders suggest that this wing fanning can increase the rate of interception of pheromone by the sensory hairs on the antennae by at least an order of magnitude beyond that in still air. Although wing fanning produces air flow relative to the antennae that is approximately 15 times faster than that generated by walking at top speed (0.023 m s(-1)), air flow through the gaps between the sensory hairs is approximately 560 times faster because a dramatic increase in the leakiness of the feathery antennae to air flow occurs at the air velocities produced by fanning.
Predictive tree: An efficient index for predictive queries on road networks (2015)

Predictive queries on moving objects offer an important category of location-aware services based on the objects' expected future locations. A wide range of applications utilize this type of services, e.g., traffic management systems, location-based advertising, and ride sharing systems. This paper proposes a novel index structure, named Predictive tree (P-tree), for processing predictive queries against moving objects on road networks. The predictive tree: (1) provides a generic infrastructure for answering the common types of predictive queries including predictive point, range, KNN, and aggregate queries, (2) updates the probabilistic prediction of the object's future locations dynamically and incrementally as the object moves around on the road network, and (3) provides an extensible mechanism to customize the probability assignments of the object's expected future locations, with the help of user defined functions. The proposed index enables the evaluation of predictive queries in the absence of the objects' historical trajectories. Based solely on the connectivity of the road network graph and assuming that the object follows the shortest route to destination, the predictive tree determines the reachable nodes of a moving object within a specified time window T in the future. The predictive tree prunes the space around each moving object in order to reduce computation, and increase system efficiency. Tunable threshold parameters control the behavior of the predictive trees by trading the maximum prediction time and the details of the reported results on one side for the computation and memory overheads on the other side. The predictive tree is integrated in the context of the iRoad system in two different query processing modes, namely, the precomputed query result mode, and the on-demand query result mode. Extensive experimental results based on large scale real and synthetic datasets confirm that the predictive tree achieves better accuracy compared to the existing related work, and scales up to support a large number of moving objects and heavy predictive query workloads.
Peer-to-Peer Computing (2002)

The term &quot;peer-to-peer&quot; (P2P) refers to a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized manner. With the pervasive deployment of computers, P2P is increasingly receiving attention in research, product development, and investment circles. This interest ranges from enthusiasm, through hype, to disbelief in its potential. Some of the benefits of a P2P approach include: improving scalability by avoiding dependency on centralized points; eliminating the need for costly infrastructure by enabling direct communication among clients; and enabling resource aggregation.
On Some Properties of a Hetereogeneous Transfer Function Involving Symmetric Saturated Linear (SATLINS) with Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid (TANSIG) Transfer Functions (2013)

Transfer functions maps the input layer of the statistical neural network model to the output layer.  To do this perfectly, the function must lie within certain bounds.  This is a property of probability distributions.  This paper establishes the heterogeneous transfer function, SATLINS_TANSIG, as a Probability Distribution Functions (p.d.f) by showing that it is proper.  It also shows the mean and variance.
Neuronal Restrictive Silencing Element Is Found in the KCC2 Gene: Molecular Basis for KCC2-Specific Expression in Neurons (2001)

KCC2 is one of four known isoforms of the K-Cl cotransporter with an expression pattern restricted to neurons. It mediates efflux of Cl- across neuronal membranes and plays an important role in GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission. To understand the molecular basis for neuronal specificity of KCC2 expression, we isolated and sequenced portions of the KCC2 gene, including some of its 5' flanking (control) region. We found a 21-bp sequence, within intron 1, that shares 80% homology to the consensus site for neuronal-restrictive silencing factor binding. We demonstrated that this specific sequence of the KCC2 gene promotes transcriptional regulation by showing that nuclear proteins isolated from a mouse neural progenitor cell line interact with this 21-bp element and by establishing that this element silences reporter gene expression in nonneuronal cells.
<title>A Systematic Approach To Fabricating Single-Mode Lightguides</title> (1983)

This paper will review a systematic procedure that is being used to tailor optical properties of single-mode lightguides for specific research applications. It requires the coordinated implementation of computer-aided modeling with glass processing technology and state of the art diagnostic measurement procedures.
The Proteoglycan NG2 Is Complexed with α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors by the PDZ Glutamate Receptor Interaction Protein (GRIP) in Glial Progenitor Cells (2003)

The proteoglycan NG2 is expressed by immature glial cells in the developing and adult central nervous system. Using the COOH-terminal region of NG2 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the glutamate receptor interaction protein GRIP1, a multi-PDZ domain protein, as an interacting partner. NG2 exhibits a PDZ binding motif at the extreme COOH terminus which binds to the seventh PDZ domain of GRIP1. In addition to the published expression in neurons, GRIP1 is expressed by immature glial cells. GRIP1 is known to bind to the GluRB subunit of the AMPA glutamate receptor expressed by subpopulations of neurons and immature glial cells. In cultures of primary oligodendrocytes, cells coexpress GluRB and NG2. A complex of NG2, GRIP1, and GluRB can be precipitated from transfected mammalian cells and from cultures of primary oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, NG2 and GRIP can be coprecipitated from developing brain tissue. These data suggest that GRIP1 acts as a scaffolding molecule clustering NG2 and AMPA receptors in immature glia. In view of the presence of synaptic contacts between neurons and NG2-positive glial cells in the hippocampus and the close association of NG2-expressing glial cells with axons, we suggest a role for the NG2.AMPA receptor complex in glial-neuronal recognition and signaling.
Ultra-high precision MEMS accelerometer (2011)

So far MEMS inertial accelerometers has struggled to reach tactical grade quality only and their bias stability and thermal drift are still obstacles to be overcome for inertial navigation systems. This paper reports on an ultrahigh precision MEMS closed-loop accelerometer recently developed by Colibrys, and the focus is on long term bias stability and thermal drift. The improvement in bias stability comes from MEMS process flow and closed-loop electronics.
Enantiospecific synthesis and gas chromatographic resolution of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiospecific synthesis and gas chromatographic resolution of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropaneSamir A. Kouzi and Sidney D. NelsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 3, 771–773Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00055a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00055a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Chemical sensors based on optical sensitivity of metal oxide materials deposited on multimode interference couplers</title> (2007)

An optical sensor based on MMI structures has been studied. We have used the optical parameters of a new hybrid material deposited by sol-gel method leading to waveguide structures after UV-photoinscription, and of ZnO, sensitive material characterised in previous studies. The variation of optical properties such as the refractive index of the covering sensitive material leads to a modification of waveguiding conditions in the MMI. A gas sensor can be developed by measuring the variation of light intensity at the output of the MMI structure under gas exposure. Simulations have been performed in order to optimise the output light intensity variations to increase sensitivity. We have shown that these structures are more sensitive than Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and that the relation between dimensions and sensitivity of the MMI is not trivial. Computations have to be performed to optimise the structure for given parameters.
A New Perspective for the Training Assessment: Machine Learning-Based Neurometric for Augmented User's Evaluation (2017)

Inappropriate training assessment might have either high social costs and economic impacts, especially in high risks categories, such as Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, or Surgeons. One of the current limitations of the standard training assessment procedures is the lack of information about the amount of cognitive resources requested by the user for the correct execution of the proposed task. In fact, even if the task is accomplished achieving the maximum performance, by the standard training assessment methods, it would not be possible to gather and evaluate information about cognitive resources available for dealing with unexpected events or emergency conditions. Therefore, a metric based on the brain activity (<i>neurometric</i>) able to provide the Instructor such a kind of information should be very important. As a first step in this direction, the Electroencephalogram (EEG) and the performance of 10 participants were collected along a training period of 3 weeks, while learning the execution of a new task. Specific indexes have been estimated from the behavioral and EEG signal to objectively assess the users' training progress. Furthermore, we proposed a neurometric based on a machine learning algorithm to quantify the user's training level within each session by considering the level of task execution, and both the behavioral and cognitive stabilities between consecutive sessions. The results demonstrated that the proposed methodology and neurometric could quantify and track the users' progresses, and provide the Instructor information for a more objective evaluation and better tailoring of training programs.
A proxy-assisted adaptation framework for object video multicasting (2005)

Video multicast is a challenging problem due to the heterogeneous and best-effort nature of the Internet. In this paper, we present a novel video multicast framework that exploits the potential of object scalability offered by MPEG-4. Specifically, we introduce the concept of object transmission proxy (OTP), which filters incoming streams using object-based bandwidth adaptation to meet dynamic network conditions. Multiple OPTs can form an overlay network that interconnects diverse multicast islands with semi-uniform demands within each single island. We concur with the wisdom that an application best knows the utility of its data. Hence, the bandwidth-adaptation algorithm for the OTPs adaptively allocates bandwidth among video objects according to their respective utilities and then performs application-level filtering based on an effective stream classification and packetization scheme. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our framework has substantial performance improvement over conventional bandwidth-adaptation schemes. It is particularly suitable for object-based video multicasting where the objects are of different importance.
Car side structure crashworthiness in pole and moving deformable barrier side impacts (2006)

To clearly understand passenger car structure's crashworthiness in typical side impacts of pole and moving deformable barrier (MDB) impact modes, which could assist the establishment of Chinese vehicle side impact safety regulations, a full midsized car finite element model, calibrated by pole side impact test, was built and the pole side impact according to European New Car Assessment Program (EuroNCAP) and the MDB side impact according to ECE R95 regulations were simulated with LS-OYNA. The accelerations and the structure deformations from simulations were compared. It can be concluded that the pole side impact focuses primarily on side structure crashworthiness as a result of large intrusions, while the MOB side impact focuses primarily on full side structure crashworthiness. Accordingly, occupant protection strategies focus on different aspects to improve side impact safety. In the pole side impact the objective is to maintain the passenger compartment and protect the passenger's head from impacting the pole, while in the MDB side impact the objective is to protect the full human body. In the design of the car side structures, at least these two tests should be considered for assessing their side impact crashworthiness. Conducting these two side impact tests as certified tests provides insights into car safety during side impacts.
Pt quantum dots deposited on N-doped (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>: enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO removal and reaction pathway (2017)

The reaction pathway for visible light photocatalytic NO removal with Pt quantum dots/N-doped (BiO)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>was revealed with<italic>in situ</italic>FT-IR and ESR spectroscopy.
Li Mass Transfer Through a Metallic Copper Film on a Carbon Fiber during the Electrochemical Insertion/Extraction Reaction (2001)

Copper is known to form no alloys with Li, implying that a free mass transfer of Li in copper film is improbable at an ambient temperature. To examine the movement of Li in copper, a copper film was vacuum-deposited over the entire surface of a graphitized carbon fiber and cyclic voltammograms (CV) were measured in a 1:1 (v/v) mixed electrolyte solution of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate containing 1 M A strong sharp peak due to the intercalation of Li into carbon appeared at about 0.15 V vs. A strong peak due to the deintercalation of Li from the carbon sample was also revealed on the anodic branch of the CV as in the case of bare carbon fiber. This is indicative of insertion of Li into carbon through the copper film. When the film thickness was thin enough, i.e., 100 Å, the peak height was enhanced as compared with that in the absence of the film, although the peak height was somewhat unstable. The peak height decreased with an increase in the film thickness, but a fiber with a 1000 Å thick film still revealed a sufficiently observable peak. By the use of a bipolar cell constructed with a 30 μm thick copper foil which separates an electrolyte containing 1 M in one compartment from that containing 1 M in the counter compartment, concentration increase was confirmed in the compartment during polarization. This experimental evidence supports the postulate that Li moves freely in the film of copper deposited on the surface of carbon. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Robustness design of nonlinear dynamic systems via fuzzy linear control (1999)

This study introduces a fuzzy linear control design method for nonlinear systems with optimal H/sup /spl infin// robustness performance. First, the Takagi and Sugeno fuzzy linear model (1985) is employed to approximate a nonlinear system. Next, based on the fuzzy linear model, a fuzzy controller is developed to stabilize the nonlinear system, and at the same time the effect of external disturbance on control performance is attenuated to a minimum level. Thus based on the fuzzy linear model, H/sup /spl infin// performance design can be achieved in nonlinear control systems. In the proposed fuzzy linear control method, the fuzzy linear model provides rough control to approximate the nonlinear control system, while the H/sup /spl infin// scheme provides precise control to achieve the optimal robustness performance. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques are employed to solve this robust fuzzy control problem. In the case that state variables are unavailable, a fuzzy observer-based H/sup /spl infin// control is also proposed to achieve a robust optimization design for nonlinear systems. A simulation example is given to illustrate the performance of the proposed design method.
The logistics handbook (1994)

Logistics Handbook encompasses all of the latest advances in warehousing and distribution. It provides invaluable how problem-solving tools and techniques for all the ever-increasing logistical problems managers face-- making it the most complete and authoritative handbook to date. Special features include: The most in-depth coverage of a wide range of topics, including information systems, benchmarking, and environmental issues Contributions found nowhere else from the leading executives, consultants, and academics in the field, such as C. John Langley, James Heskett, and David Anderson State of the art graphics Information-packed appendixes of logistics publications and organizations This all-inclusive reference will enable the next generation of managers to thoroughly integrate their logistics operations at all levels-- strategic, structural, functional, and implementation-- into a comprehensive logistics strategy.
Interference with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood leukocytes of asymptomatic HIV carriers in vitro (1990)

A long asymptomatic period is one of the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite its fatal consequences. Antiviral defense in HIV-infected individuals controls viral replication during this period. In the present study, we demonstrate that peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers, following exogenous HIV-1 infection in vitro, do not support viral replication. These cells do not produce detectable amounts of reverse transcriptase or accumulate unintegrated proviral DNA. This is a striking contrast to the behavior of HIV-1-infected PBL of seronegative individuals, which produce large amounts of RT and unintegrated DNA. Such resistance to HIV-1 replication is not seen in PBL of patients with advanced disease. Since the binding of HIV-1 to CD4 molecule is not impaired in PBL of asymptomatic carriers, the interference with HIV replication must occur after the stage of virus binding. PBL lose their resistance when CD8+ lymphocytes are removed. In addition, these PBL are not resistant to an exogenous infection with HIV-2. These observations suggest that certain populations of CD8+ lymphocytes of asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers operate on the target cells in PBL to block viral replication in an HIV-1-specific manner. Such CD8+ lymphocyte-mediated interference with HIV replication could play an important role in the maintenance of the period of disease latency.
Two Algebraic Methods for Constructing Efficiently Encodable Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes (2008)

In this paper, we present two algebraic methods for constructing Quasi-Cyclic LDPC codes. The first method is based on the quadratic residues modulo p (where p is a prime), the second method is based on the multiplicative inverses in finite fields. The codes constructed based on these methods are efficiently encodable and have a girth at least 6. Simulation results show that with SPA decoding, the constructed codes based on our methods perform very well over the AWGN channel compared to some other types of famous codes, such as random Mackay code or extended EG-LDPC code recommended by NASA.
Effect of Thermal Assistance on the Joint Quality of Al6063-T5A During Flow Drill Screwdriving (2015)

An increase in fuel economy standards has affected automakers' decision toward designing lightweight vehicles and therefore transitioning from steel-based bodies to ones predominantly composed of aluminum. An introduction to lightweight materials couples that of lightweight joining with a thermomechanical process, flow drill screwdriving (FDS). This process is favored in terms of robustness, short installation time, and only requiring access to one side. The current limitation with FDS occurs with the imposed 8.3 N·m maximum installation torque standardized for M5 self-tapping screws. Warm forming of aluminum has been shown to increase ductility and formability of the material, and thus a reduction in installation torque is sought after along with an expected decrease in process time. In this study, different preprocess material temperatures of Al6063-T5A are studied to determine the effect of material temperature on the process time, installation torque, and other joint measurables. As a result, with the thermal assistance, a reduction in the process time up to 52% and installation torque by 20% was attained. The increase in preprocess material temperature did not affect the hardness of the material outside of the minimal heat-affected zone, as the maximum preprocess material temperature did not exceed the tempering temperature.