gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the effect of Guangxi phyllanthus urinaria on anti-duck hepatitis B virus (2000)

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of Guangxi Phyllanthus urinaria on anti-duck hepatitis virus(DHBV) in vivo and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment of patients with hepatitis B. The Chongqing duck hepatitis B virus model was treated with Phyllanthus urinaria once a day for a month at doses of 1g/kg、 5g/kg、10g/kg of body weight. DHBV DNA in serum was detected four times from the beginning to the end of the treatment, ALT and AST in serum were detected simultaneously. Phyllanthus urinaria could significantly lower the serum DHBV DNA level. After 1 week stopping treatment, serum DHBV DNA concentrations in Phyllanthus urinaria-treated ducks did not increase significamly. The study confirms the safety and potent antihepadnaviral activity of Phyllanthus urinaria in vivo.
Four-Terminal FinFETs Fabricated Using an Etch-Back Gate Separation (2007)

A novel resist etch-back process for fabrication of separated-gate four-terminal FinFETs has been investigates. This process enabled co-fabrication of three-terminal (3T) and four-terminal (4T) FinFETs on a same chip. The fabricated 3T-FinFET shows excellent sub-threshold characteristics and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) value whereas the 4T-FinFET provides efficient V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> controllability. The effective V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> controllability with keeping a small sub-threshold slope has been confirmed in the synchronized double gate (DD) operation mode
Single-Pixel Phase-Corrected Fiber Bundle Endomicroscopy With Lensless Focussing Capability (2015)

In this paper a novel single-pixel method for coherent imaging through an endoscopic fiber bundle is presented. The use of a single-pixel detector allows greater sensitivity over a wider range of wavelengths, which could have significant applications in endoscopic fluorescence microscopy. First, the principle of lensless focussing at the distal end of a coherent fiber bundle is simulated to examine the impact of pixelation at microscopic scales. Next, an experimental optical correlator system using <i>spatial light modulators (SLMs)</i> is presented. A simple contrast imaging method of characterizing and compensating phase aberrations introduced by fiber bundles is described. Experimental results are then presented showing that our phase compensation method enables characterization of the optical phase profile of individual fiberlets. After applying this correction, early results demonstrating the ability of the system to electronically adjust the focal plane at the distal end of the fiber bundle are presented. The <i>structural similarity index (SSIM)</i> between the simulated image and the experimental focus-adjusted image increases noticeably when the phase correction is applied and the retrieved image is visually recognizable. Strategies to improve image quality are discussed.
Targeted Therapeutic Applications of Acoustically Active Microspheres in the Microcirculation (2006)

The targeted delivery of intravascular drugs and genes across the endothelial barrier with only minimal side effects remains a significant obstacle in establishing effective therapies for many pathological conditions. Recent investigations have shown that contrast agent microbubbles, which are typically used for image enhancement in diagnostic ultrasound, may also be promising tools in emergent, ultrasound-based therapies. Explorations of the bioeffects generated by ultrasound-microbubble interactions indicate that these phenomena may be exploited for clinical utility such as in the targeted revascularization of flow-deficient tissues. Moreover, development of this treatment modality may also include using ultrasound-microbubble interactions to deliver therapeutic material to tissues, and reporter genes and therapeutic agents have been successfully transferred from the microcirculation to tissue in various animal models of normal and pathological function. This article reviews the recent studies aimed at using interactions between ultrasound and contrast agent microbubbles in the microcirculation for therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, the authors present investigations involving microspheres that are of a different design compared to current microbubble contrast agents, yet are acoustically active and demonstrate potential as tools for targeted delivery. Future directions necessary to address current challenges and advance these techniques to clinical practicality are also discussed.
Occupant Safety of Low-Mass Rigid-Belt Vehicles (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Low-mass vehicles (LMV) are characterized by a total mass of 500 - 600 kg and an overall length of 2.5 m - 3.0 m. In order to provide sufficient transportation capacity, they should be relatively wide (1.7 m) and high (1.6 m). Occupant safety associated with such vehicles poses unique problems. According to published accident and injury statistics, a negative correlation exists between vehicle mass and injury severity in car-to-car crashes. In part, this finding can be attributed to the fact that small vehicles today are designed according to conventional design strategies involving however only a small frontal deformation zone and minimal side protection. For a LMV which is even smaller and lighter than present “small” cars another solution has to be found.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A number of frontal and side impacts staged by our group with the aid of a LMV test device along with a mathematical model analysis indicate that a Rigid-Belt Body (RBB) represents a concept which is well suited for LMVs. In all tests performed, occupant protection criteria were met. Provided that an advanced restraint system be used and the occupant compartment be appropriately designed, it is expected that an adequate occupant safety performance is reached in a RBB vehicle also for the higher Av environment which is anticipated for LMVs in crashes with conventional vehicles with higher mass. It is furthermore argued that the RBB characteristics do not adversely influence car-to-car crash compatibility due to the low mass of the vehicle. Likewise, requirements relating to pedestrian and two wheeler safety can be integrated into the RBB concept.</div>
Thermal stress analysis for polyimide thin film: The effect of solvent evaporation (2000)

We propose a stress model to account for the thermal stress caused by a mismatch of isobaric expansivity, solvent evaporation, and imidization. The evaporation strain term is given as functions of a viscosity, and solvent weight fraction. The proposed model is in very good agreement with experimental data and gives useful information about the analysis of the thermal stress caused in polymeric films.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous CH 2 O over ZnO Nanoparticles (2018)

Nanosized ZnO particles have been synthesized by sol-gel method and studied for photocatalytic activities toward gaseous CH2O degradation. It was found that CH2O adsorbed on ZnO nanoparticles can be oxidized to CO2 under UV light irradiation with the coexistence of either O2 or H2O. However, different from aqueous condition where H2O molecules are first oxidized to be free radicals then react with CH2O, direct photoactivation of O2 becomes the dominant step in promoting photocatalytic degradation efficiency of gaseous CH2O. The results reveal a new reaction mechanism that can be important for further modification of photocatalyst for gaseous CH2O degradation.
Dithiocarbamate functionalized lignin for efficient removal of metallic ions and the usage of the metal-loaded bio-sorbents as potential free radical scavengers (2013)

Lignin-based dithiocarbamate (LDTC) was synthesized by anchoring the chelating agent of dithiocarbamate to the ortho sites of phenol hydroxyl groups in the alkaline lignin matrix. The LDTC biomaterial was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Due to the cross-linked polymer matrix, high content of dithiocarbamate groups and excellent complex ability, the LDTC was used as a new bio-adsorbent for the removal of metallic ions from aqueous solution. The influences of pH, LDTC dosage, contact time, and initial metallic ion concentration on adsorption capacity and competitive adsorption of multi metallic ions have been investigated. The regeneration of LDTC was also studied. The results demonstrated that LDTC showed fast adsorption, higher adsorption capacity and feasible regeneration compared to other lignin-based bio-adsorbents even activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were fitted well by a pseudo second-order model and D–R model, respectively. Moreover, the resultant metal-loaded solid bio-sorbents (LDTC-M) were firstly estimated as free radical scavengers due to the inherent merits of naturally occurring polyphenols which therefore could provide a potential way for value-added usage of the LDTC-M.
Transforming growth factor-beta1: differential effects on multiple myeloma versus normal B cells (1996)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a product of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), is a growth factor for multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is also produced by BMSCs and can regulate IL-6 secretion by several tissues, including BMSCs. The present study was designed to characterize in vitro tumor growth regulation by TGF-beta1 in MM. Sorted CD38+CD45RA- MM cells secreted significantly more TGF-beta1 (8.2 +/- 2.0 ng/mL) than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < .001), splenic B cells (P < .001), and CD40 ligand (CD40L) pretreated B cells (P < .05). TGF-beta1 secretion by MM-BMMCs (3.8 +/- 0.9 ng/mL) was significantly greater than by N-BMMCs (1.2 +/- 0.1 ng/mL, P < .001). MM-BMSCs also secreted significantly more TGF-beta1 (6.6 +/- 2.5 ng/mL, n = 11) than N-BMSCs (4.4 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, P < .02, n = 10) and N-BMSC lines (3.9 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, P < .02, n = 6). TGF-beta1 secretion was correlated with IL-6 secretion in MM-BMSCs. Anti-TGF-beta1 monoclonal antibody both blocked IL-6 secretion by BMSCs and inhibited the increments in IL-6 secretion by BMSCs induced by MM cell adhesion. Moreover, exogenous TGF-beta1 upregulated IL-6 secretion by MM-BMSCs, normal BMSCs, and CD38+ CD45RA- MM cells, as well as tumor cell proliferation. This is in contrast to the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 on proliferation and Ig secretion of normal splenic B cells. Finally, retinoblastoma proteins (pRB) are constitutively phosphorylated in MM cells; TGF-beta1 either did not alter or increased pRB phosphorylation. pRB are dephosphorylated in splenic B cells and phosphorylated in CD40L triggered B cells in contrast to its effects on MM cells, TGF-beta1 decreased phosphorylation of pRB in CD40L treated B cells. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 is produced in MM by both tumor cells and BMSCs, with related tumore cell growth. Moreover, MM cell growth may be enhanced by resistance of tumor cells to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 on normal B-cell proliferation and Ig secretion.
Playing with Fire (2019)

An aspiring writer adrift in a world of meaningless part-time jobs falls under the spell of a young woman and a mysterious, wealthy stranger in Burning, Lee Changdong’s enigmatic portrait of millennial life in contemporary Korea
Advanced Graphics on VGA and XGA Cards Using Borland C++ (1992)

This book exploits to the full the combined advantages of an object-oriented approach to programing, the user friendly environment of Borland C++, and the high quality computer graphics achievable wit
Skeletal Effects of Estrogen* (1994)

BONE differs from reproductive tissues in that many aspects of skeletal growth, turnover, and function occur in the absence of gonadal hormones. Nevertheless, sex steroids have an important impact on bone physiology: they participate in the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton, play a role in maintenance of mineral homeostasis during reproduction, and are essential to maintaining bone balance in adults. Insufficient levels of certain sex steroids predispose the human skeleton to bone loss and to osteoporotic fractures. Estrogen appears to be the most important sex steroid in preventing osteoporosis in women and is the subject of this review. Serious difficulties must be overcome to understand the action of estrogen on mineralized tissues. The skeleton is heterogeneous and contains many cell types. The cells that synthesize (osteoblasts), lie within (osteocytes), and degrade (osteoclasts) bone matrix are present in small numbers, are difficult to isolate as pure populations, and probably do not proliferate.
Detecting Methane Outbreaks from Time Series Data with Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Hazard monitoring systems play a key role in ensuring people’s safety. The problem of detecting dangerous levels of methane concentration in a coal mine was a subject of IJCRS’15 Data Challenge competition. The challenge was to predict, from multivariate time series data collected by sensors, if methane concentration reaches a dangerous level in the near future. In this paper we present our solution to this problem based on the ensemble of Deep Neural Networks. In particular, we focus on Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells.
Chronic Ethanol Consumption Inhibits Glucokinase Transcriptional Activity by Atf3 and Triggers Metabolic Syndrome in Vivo (2014)

Chronic ethanol consumption induces pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through glucokinase (Gck) nitration and down-regulation, leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Gck gene expression and promoter activity in pancreatic β-cells were suppressed by chronic ethanol exposure in vivo and in vitro, whereas expression of activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) and its binding to the putative Atf/Creb site (from -287 to -158 bp) on the Gck promoter were up-regulated. Furthermore, in vitro ethanol-induced Atf3 inhibited the positive effect of Pdx-1 on Gck transcriptional regulation, enhanced recruitment of Hdac1/2 and histone H3 deacetylation, and subsequently augmented the interaction of Hdac1/Pdx-1 on the Gck promoter, which were diminished by Atf3 siRNA. In vivo Atf3-silencing reversed ethanol-mediated Gck down-regulation and β-cell dysfunction, followed by the amelioration of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Together, we identified that ethanol-induced Atf3 fosters β-cell dysfunction via Gck down-regulation and that its loss ameliorates metabolic syndrome and could be a potential therapeutic target in treating type 2 diabetes. The Atf3 gene is associated with the induction of type 2 diabetes and alcohol consumption-induced metabolic impairment and thus may be the major negative regulator for glucose homeostasis.
Bacterially Induced Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate in Terrestrial Environments: The Role of Exopolysaccharides and Amino Acids (2003)

This study stresses the role of specific bacterial outer structures (such as glycocalix and parietal polymers) on calcium carbonate crystallization in terrestrial environments. The aim is to compare calcium carbonate crystals obtained in bacterial cultures with those obtained during abiotically mediated synthesis to show implications of exopolysaccharides and amino acids in the mineralogy and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals produced by living bacteria. This is done using various amounts of purified exopolysaccharide (xanthan EPS) and L-amino acids with a range of acidities. Amino acids and increasing xanthan content enhance sphere formation in calcite and vaterite. Regarding calcite, the morphology of crystals evolves from rhombohedral to needle shape. This evolution is characterized by stretching along the c axis as the amino acid changes from glutamine to aspartic acid and as the medium is progressively enriched in EPS. Regarding vaterite, the spherulitic habit is preserved throughout the morphological sequence and starts with spheres formed by the agglomeration of short needles, which are produced in a xanthan-free medium with glutamine. Monocrystals forming spheres increase in size as xanthan is added and the acidity of amino acids (glutamic and aspartic acids) is increased. At high xanthan concentrations, amino acids, and mainly aspartic and glutamic acids, induce vaterite precipitation. The role of the carboxyl group is also probably critical because bacterial outer structures associated with peptidoglycan commonly contain carboxyl groups. This role, combined with the results presented here, clearly demonstrate the influence of bacterial outer structure composition on the morphology and mineralogy of bacterially induced calcium carbonate. This point should not be neglected in the interpretation of calcite cements and carbonate accumulations in terrestrial environments.
PAM: A Piecewise-Linearly-Approximated Floating-Point Multiplier With Unbiasedness and Configurability (2021)

Approximate computing is a promising alternative to improve energy efficiency for IoT devices on the edge. This work proposes a piecewise-linearly-approximated and unbiased floating-point approximate multiplier with run-time configurability. We provide a theoretically sound formulation that turns multiplication approximation to an optimization problem. With the formulation and findings, a multi-level architecture is proposed to easily incorporate run-time configurability and module execution parallelism. Finally, the proposed multiplier is further optimized to reduce the circuit implementation complexity, making the multiplier linearly dependent on the precision requirement, instead of quadratically or exponentially as in prior work. When compared to the prior state-of-the-art approximate floating-point multiplier, ApproxLP M. Imani <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al</i> , “ApproxLP: Approximate multiplication with linearization and iterative error control,” in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Proc. ACM/IEEE Des. Autom. Conf.</i> , 2019, pp. 1–6., the proposed multiplier outperforms in all the aspects including accuracy, area, and delay. By replacing a full-precision floating-point multiplier in GPU, the proposed design can improve the energy efficiency for various edge computing tasks. Even with Level 1 approximation, the proposed multiplier improves energy efficiency up to 20× for machine learning on CIFAR-10, with almost negligible accuracy loss.
Influence of high power impulse magnetron sputtering plasma ionization on the microstructure of TiN thin films (2011)

HIPIMS (High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering) discharge is a new PVD technology for the deposition of high-quality thin films. The deposition flux contains a high degree of metal ionization and nitrogen dissociation. The microstructure of HIPIMS-deposited nitride films is denser compared to conventional sputter technologies. However, the mechanisms acting on the microstructure, texture and properties have not been discussed in detail so far. In this study, the growth of TiN by HIPIMS of Ti in mixed Ar and N2 atmosphere has been investigated. Varying degrees of metal ionization and nitrogen dissociation were produced by increasing the peak discharge current (Id) from 5 to 30 A. The average power was maintained constant by adjusting the frequency. Mass spectrometry measurements of the deposition flux revealed a high content of ionized film-forming species, such as Ti1+, Ti2+ and atomic nitrogen N1+. Ti1+ ions with energies up to 50 eV were detected during the pulse with reducing energy in the pulse-off times. Langmuir probe measurements showed that the peak plasma density during the pulse was 3 × 1016 m−3. Plasma density, and ion flux ratios of N1+: N21+ and Ti1+: Ti0 increased linearly with peak current. The ratios exceeded 1 at 30 A. TiN films deposited by HIPIMS were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. At high Id, N1+: N21+ &gt; 1 and Ti1+: Ti0 &gt; 1 were produced; a strong 002 texture was present and column boundaries in the films were atomically tight. As Id reduced and N1+: N21+ and Ti1+: Ti0 dropped below 1, the film texture switched to strong 111 with a dense structure. At very low Id, porosity between columns developed. The effects of the significant activation of the deposition flux observed in the HIPIMS discharge on the film texture, microstructure, morphology and properties are discussed.
Towards a solution to MERS: protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein (2019)

The Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus that causes severe and often fatal respiratory disease in humans. Efforts to develop antibody-based therapies have focused on neutralizing antibodies that target the receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein thereby blocking receptor binding. Here, we developed a set of human monoclonal antibodies that target functionally distinct domains of the MERS-CoV spike protein. These antibodies belong to six distinct epitope groups and interfere with the three critical entry functions of the MERS-CoV spike protein: sialic acid binding, receptor binding and membrane fusion. Passive immunization with potently as well as with poorly neutralizing antibodies protected mice from lethal MERS-CoV challenge. Collectively, these antibodies offer new ways to gain humoral protection in humans against the emerging MERS-CoV by targeting different spike protein epitopes and functions.
Identification of Specific Fragments of HpaG<sub>Xooc</sub>, a Harpin from <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzicola</i>, that Induce Disease Resistance and Enhance Growth in Plants (2008)

Harpin proteins from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria can stimulate hypersensitive cell death (HCD) and pathogen defense as well as enhance growth in plants. Two of these diverse activities clearly are beneficial and may depend on particular functional regions of the proteins. Identification of beneficial and deleterious regions might facilitate the beneficial use of harpin-related proteins on crops without causing negative effects like cell death. Here, we report the identification and testing of nine functional fragments of HpaG(Xooc), a 137-amino-acid harpin protein from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the pathogen that causes bacterial leaf streak of rice. Polymerase chain reaction-based mutagenesis generated nine proteinaceous fragments of HpaG(Xooc); these caused different responses following their application to Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) and Oryza sativa (rice). Fragment HpaG62-137, which spans the indicated amino acid residues of the HpaG, induced more intense HCD; in contrast, HpaG10-42 did not cause evident cell death in tobacco. However, both fragments stimulated stronger defense responses and enhanced more growth in rice than the full-length parent protein, HpaG(Xooc). Of the nine fragments, the parent protein and one deletion mutant of HpaG(Xooc) tested, HpaG10-42, stimulated higher levels of rice growth and resulted in greater levels of resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae and Magnaporthe grisea. These pathogens cause bacterial leaf blight and rice blast, respectively, the two most important diseases of rice world-wide. HpaG10-42 was more active than HpaG(Xooc) in inducing expression of several genes that regulate rice defense and growth processes and activating certain signaling pathways, which may explain the greater beneficial effects observed from treatment with that fragment. Overall, our results suggest that HpaG10-42 holds promise for practical agricultural use to induce disease resistance and enhance growth of rice.
N-alkylation of isatins utilizing KF/alumina (2012)

The N-alkylation of isatins by a variety of alkyl halides and one acrylate has been demonstrated utilizing KF/Al2O3 in acetonitrile (ACN) under microwave-irradiation (180 o C) or thermally at reflux.