gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image quality assessment of LaBr<sub>3</sub>-based whole-body 3D PET scanners: a Monte Carlo evaluation (2004)

The main thrust for this work is the investigation and design of a whole-body PET scanner based on new lanthanum bromide scintillators. We use Monte Carlo simulations to generate data for a 3D PET scanner based on LaBr3 detectors, and to assess the count-rate capability and the reconstructed image quality of phantoms with hot and cold spheres using contrast and noise parameters. Previously we have shown that LaBr3 has very high light output, excellent energy resolution and fast timing properties which can lead to the design of a time-of-flight (TOF) whole-body PET camera. The data presented here illustrate the performance of LaBr3 without the additional benefit of TOF information, although our intention is to develop a scanner with TOF measurement capability. The only drawbacks of LaBr3 are the lower stopping power and photo-fraction which affect both sensitivity and spatial resolution. However, in 3D PET imaging where energy resolution is very important for reducing scattered coincidences in the reconstructed image, the image quality attained in a non-TOF LaBr3 scanner can potentially equal or surpass that achieved with other high sensitivity scanners. Our results show that there is a gain in NEC arising from the reduced scatter and random fractions in a LaBr3 scanner. The reconstructed image resolution is slightly worse than a high-Z scintillator, but at increased count-rates, reduced pulse pileup leads to an image resolution similar to that of LSO. Image quality simulations predict reduced contrast for small hot spheres compared to an LSO scanner, but improved noise characteristics at similar clinical activity levels.
Identification of a new plasma biomarker of Alzheimer's disease using metabolomics technology (2011)

We performed unbiased analysis of steroid-related compounds to identify novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. The analysis revealed that desmosterol was found to be decreased in AD plasma versus controls. To precisely quantify variations in desmosterol, we established an analytical method to measure desmosterol and cholesterol. Using this LC-based method, we discovered that desmosterol and the desmosterol/cholesterol ratio are significantly decreased in AD. Finally, the validation of this assay using 109 clinical samples confirmed the decrease of desmosterol in AD as well as a change in the desmosterol/cholesterol ratio in AD. Interestingly, we could also observe a difference between mild cognitive impairment and control. In addition, the decrease of desmosterol was somewhat more significant in females. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis between controls and AD, using plasma desmosterol shows a score of 0.80, indicating a good discrimination power for this marker in the two reference populations and confirms the potential usefulness of measuring plasma desmosterol levels for diagnosing AD. Further analysis showed a significant correlation of plasma desmosterol with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Although larger sample populations will be needed to confirm this diagnostic marker sensitivity, our studies demonstrate a sensitive and accurate method of detecting plasma desmosterol concentration and suggest that plasma desmosterol could become a powerful new specific biomarker for early and easy AD diagnosis.
A Two-Phase Highly-Available Protocol for Online Validation of E-Tickets (2000)

E-ticket is an Internet service which, similarly to real-world tickets, gives their owners permission to enter a place of entertainment, use a means of transportation, or have access to some other Internet services. E-tickets can be stored in desktop computers or personal digital assistants for future use. Before being used, e-tickets have to be validated to prevent duplication, and ensure authenticity and integrity. This paper studies the e-ticket validation problem in contexts in which users cannot be trusted and servers may fail. The paper proposes formal de nitions for the e-ticket validation problem, and shows that some intuitive guarantees cannot be implemented when failures may occur. The paper also presents two protocols for online validation of e-tickets.
Ultrasensitive Detection and Characterization of Posttranslational Modifications Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins is likely to be the most common mechanism of altering the expression of genetic information. It is essential to characterize PTMs to establish a complete understanding of the activities of proteins. Here, we present a sensitive detection method using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that can detect PTMs from as little as zeptomoles of peptide. We demonstrate, using model peptides, the ability of SERS to detect a variety of protein modifications, such as acetylation, trimethylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. In addition, we show the capability to obtain positional information for modifications such as trimethylation and phosphorylation using SERS and wavelet decomposition data analysis techniques. We further show that it is possible to apply SERS to detect PTMs from biological samples such as histones. We envision that this detection method might be a valuable technique that is complementary to mass spectrometry in obtaining orthogonal chemical and modification-specific information from biological samples at sensitive levels.
Bilirubin Removal by the Pseudoperoxidase Activity of Free and Immobilized Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin Co-Immobilized with Glucose Oxidase (1989)

We report a process for oxidizing bilirubin. Hemoglobin in the presence of an oxidizing agent can effectively oxidize bilirubin. Hemoglobin can be used either in free form or immobilized. Immobilisation includes microencapsulation, covalent linkage to carriers, intermolecular crosslinking into polyhemoglobin and others. The oxidizing agent can be added in the form of a peroxide. However, no external peroxide is required when hemoglobin is co-immobilized with glucose oxidase. In this case, the oxidation reaction takes place in the presence of glucose which is normally available in the blood stream and the presence of other oxidizing agents becomes unnecessary. In cases where bilirubin is conjugated to large proteins such as albumin, oxidation can be accomplished by using hemoglobin either in free form, adsorbed or bound on a suitable surface. Polyhemoglobin or cross-linked hemoglobins can also be used as oxidation catalysts in this case.
Enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption of Poly(ionic liquid)s (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTEnhanced CO2 Absorption of Poly(ionic liquid)sJianbin Tang, Weilin Sun, Huadong Tang, Maciej Radosz, and Youqing ShenView Author Information Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 6, 2037–2039Publication Date (Web):February 18, 2005Publication History Received23 November 2004Revised26 January 2005Published online18 February 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma047574zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma047574zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5188Altmetric-Citations265LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Polymers,Salts,Solvents,Sorption Get e-Alerts
U.S. Patent 8,389,878, Weigh-in-Motion Scale with Foot Alignment Features (2013)

A pad is disclosed for use in a weighing system for weighing a load. The pad includes a weighing platform, load cells, and foot members. Improvements to the pad reduce or substantially eliminate rotation of one or more of the corner foot members. A flexible foot strap disposed between the corner foot members reduces rotation of the respective foot members about vertical axes through the corner foot members and couples the corner foot members such that rotation of one corner foot member results in substantially the same amount of rotation of the other comer foot member. In a strapless variant one or more fasteners prevents substantially all rotation of a foot member. In a diagonal variant, a foot strap extends between a corner foot member and the weighing platform to reduce rotation of the foot member about a vertical axis through the comer foot member.
Consistent image-based measurement and classification of skin color (2005)

Little prior image processing work has addressed estimation and classification of skin color in a manner that is independent of camera and illuminant. To this end, we first present new methods for 1) fast, easy-to-use image color correction, with specialization toward skin tones, and 2) fully automated estimation of facial skin color, with robustness to shadows, specularities, and blemishes. Each of these is validated independently against ground truth, and then combined with a classification method that successfully discriminates skin color across a population of people imaged with several different cameras. We also evaluate the effects of image quality and various algorithmic choices on our classification performance. We believe our methods are practical for relatively untrained operators, using inexpensive consumer equipment.
Direct ink writing of organic and carbon aerogels (2018)

Additive manufacturing is used to overcome inherent aerogel limitations. 3D printed aerogels simultaneously exhibit large capacitance and fast ion transport in millimeter-thick electrodes.
Thin-film detector performance on a one megabit magnetic bubble memory (1982)

Magnetic bubble memories have been fabricated with thin-film detectors which have a 4× improvement in signal amplitude over conventional chevron detectors. The detectors have a nominal 20-mV signal at 25 °C when operated in a bridge configuration from a 12-V supply. Random noise on the signal has an rms value of ∼250 μV. The temperature coefficient of the signal is approximately −1%/°C. Signal variation with drive field amplitude is ∼1% for a 1% drive field variation over a ±10% range about nominal (60-Oe) drive. The standard conductor first structure is used, with the thin-film detector situated between two silicon dioxide spacer layers under the conductor metalization. Nominal detector thickness is 50 nm. Relatively high detector resistance (2.5 KΩ) reduces on-chip power dissipation to less than half that of conventional chevron detectors. Contact to the thin-film detector is made through vias in the spacer layer. Metal-to-metal contact between the Al(Cu) conductor metalization and the Permalloy thin-film detector is assured by an in-situ sputter etch prior to Al/(Cu) deposition.
Virtual bronchoscopy for quantitative airway analysis (2005)

We propose a new quantitative method for detailed analysis of the major airways. Using a 3D MDCT chest image as input, the method involves three major steps: (1) segmentation of the airway tree, (2) extraction of the central-axis structure of the major airways, and (3) a novel improvement on the standard full-width half-maximum approach for airway-wall delineation. The method produces measurements for all defined tree branches. These measurements include various airway diameters and cross-sectional area values. To facilitate the examination of these measurements, we also demonstrate an integrated virtual-bronchoscopic analysis system that enables flexible interrogation of the airways. Of particular note are techniques for unraveling and viewing the topography of selected airways. A large series of phantom and human tests confirm the efficacy of our methods.
Hardware-based network management framework for monitoring and testing of system-on-chips (2005)

This paper describes a way of monitoring and testing embedded cores within a System On a Chip (SoC) through classical network management protocols. All embedded cores can be tested and monitored through the hardware-based SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) proxy agent implemented within an SoC. The basic idea of this work is to extrapolate the advantages of network management functions (monitoring, control, test…) to the chip level. The proposed approach is described and its efficiency is illustrated through extensive experimentations.
Comparison of Spectral Beam Combining Approaches for High Power Fiber Laser Systems (2008)

Spectral Beam Combination (SBC) of multiple fiber laser outputs is an effective way to scale the power of fiber laser systems while maintaining near-diffraction-limited beam quality. Here, we compare the different approaches to SBC.
Characterization of an Idiotype-Binding Helper Cell Required for the Formation of Timothy Grass Pollen Antigen-B-Specific IgE (1986)

Experiments were conducted using an excess of biosynthetically labeled timothy grass pollen antigen-B-specific (AgB-specific) T helper factor (THF) with enriched T cells, enriched B cells, or normal spleen cells to determine the site of the THF action. These studies indicated that the labeled THF bound preferentially to T cells, and analysis of the cell surface characteristics suggested that these T cells were Lyt 123+ cells. A panning technique using partially purified AgB-specific THF-coated Petri dishes depleted a population of idiotype-binding T cells that appears to be required for the formation of AgB-specific IgE antibody.
The algD promoter: regulation of alginate production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. (1993)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants that overproduce the exopolysaccharide alginate and assume mucoid phenotype are associated with the establishment of chronic respiratory disease in cystic fibrosis. The initially invading strains are nonmucoid and frequently convert into the mucoid form. Mucoidy is regulated at the transcriptional level, mainly at the promoter of the algD gene. Control of the algD promoter represents a cooperative effort of several types of regulatory elements including bacterial signal transduction factors (principally through the response regulator AlgR) and histone like elements (e.g., Hp1 and possibly IHF). Our more recent studies have shown that conversion to mucoidy is a result of mutations in the muc genes within the algU-mucA-mucB cluster. The algU gene encodes a protein that resembles Spo0H, a sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis, which controls development of sporulation and competence. The mucA and mucB genes appear to control the activity of AlgU. Frameshift mutations that inactivate these proteins result in a strong transcriptional activation of algD, and conversion to mucoidy in both laboratory and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa.
Comparative ultrastructural and functional studies of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae flagellin mutants: both flagellin subunits, FlaA and FlaB, are necessary for full motility in Helicobacter species (1995)

Helicobacter mustelae causes chronic gastritis and ulcer disease in ferrets. It is therefore considered an important animal model of human Helicobacter pylori infection. High motility even in a viscous environment is one of the common virulence determinants of Helicobacter species. Their sheathed flagella contain a complex filament that is composed of two distinctly different flagellin subunits, FlaA and FlaB, that are coexpressed in different amounts. Here, we report the cloning and sequence determination of the flaA gene of H. mustelae NCTC12032 from a PCR amplification product. The FlaA protein has a calculated molecular mass of 53 kDa and is 73% homologous to the H. pylori FlaA subunit. Isogenic flaA and flaB mutants of H. mustelae F1 were constructed by means of reverse genetics. A method was established to generate double mutants (flaA flaB) of H. mustelae F1 as well as H. pylori N6. Genotypes, motility properties, and morphologies of the H. mustelae flagellin mutants were determined and compared with those of the H. pylori flaA and flaB mutants described previously. The flagellar organizations of the two Helicobacter species proved to be highly similar. When the flaB genes were disrupted, motility decreased by 30 to 40%. flaA mutants retained weak motility by comparison with strains that were devoid of both flagellin subunits. Weakly positive motility tests of the flaA mutants correlated with the existence of short truncated flagella. In H. mustelae, lateral as well as polar flagella were present in the truncated form. flaA flaB double mutants were completely nonmotile and lacked any form of flagella. These results show that the presence of both flagellin subunits is necessary for complete motility of Helicobacter species. The importance of this flagellar organization for the ability of the bacteria to colonize the gastric mucosa and to persist in the gastric mucus remains to be proven.
An adaptive buffer management mechanism for improving TCP behavior under heavy load (2002)

The setting of the queue thresholds in RED (random early detection) schemes is problematic because the required buffer size for good sharing among TCP connections is dependent on the number of active TCP connections using the buffer. This paper describes a technique for enhancing the effectiveness of RED schemes by dynamically changing the threshold settings as the number of connections (and system load) changes. Using this mechanism, routers and switches can effectively control packet losses and TCP timeouts while maintaining high link utilization. This mechanism is attractive for the deployment of large IP networks supporting a wide range of connections and large aggregations of traffic.
In-Line Holographic Lenses of High Numerical Aperture (1981)

In-line holographic lenses of numerical aperture of 0.4 and 0.55 were successfully fabricated for the purpose of the application to an optical disk player with a He-Ne laser. They were recorded at 6471 Å in the methylene-blue sensitized dichromated gelatin film of 15 µm in thickness. The special design of the optical recording system and the careful processing of the recording materials were required. The evaluations of the modulation transfer function, the focused beam profile, the average diffraction efficiency and the stability test were performed. Bragg and Raman Nath diffractions occurred in the hologram were also investigated to explain the observed results.
Simple fluorescence method for rapid estimation of aflatoxin levels in a solid culture medium (1988)

Aflatoxin concentrations in agar media were estimated with a direct technique that quantifies the fluorescence of agar containing aflatoxins. Tubes containing 5 ml of an agar medium inoculated with spores of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus isolates were incubated for 3 days at 30 degrees C and set in a carriage specifically designed to carry culture tubes in a scanning densitometer. Fluorescence (450 nm and above) was elicited in the agar by UV light (365 nm) and photometrically measured. Agar fluorescence directly correlated (r2 = 0.89 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.001) with the concentration of aflatoxin within the range 0 to 18.7 micrograms/g. The lowest aflatoxin concentration detected was 50 ng/g. The technique successfully differentiated the aflatoxigenic potentials of Aspergillus isolates.
Enhancing wireless security through reconfigurable antennas (2010)

Applying channel information for user authentication is gaining attention in the area of wireless network security. Numerous studies have demonstrated reconfigurable antennas with multiple operating modes that have the ability to choose the best channel in a given environment. We investigate the performance gains that can be achieved by using multiple uncorrelated channel realizations for user authentication at the physical layer by employing a reconfigurable antenna. Ray tracing simulations using a reconfigurable circular patch antenna were carried out and the intruder detection rate and false alarm rates were studied as a function of the number of available antenna modes and the SNR at the receiver.
Optimization-based transistor sizing (1988)

A combined heuristic and mathematical programming approach to transistor sizing is presented. A fast heuristic algorithm is used to obtain an initial sizing of the circuit and convert the transistor sizing problem into a nonlinear optimization problem. The problem is then solved, in spaces of reduced dimensionality, by mathematical programming techniques. To cope with the nondifferentiability of the circuit delays, the concept of generalized gradients is proposed to compute the delay sensitivities. Experiments justify the use of this sensitivity computation technique and show that the approach is a good compromise between the speed of the heuristic algorithm and the power of mathematical programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The antiangiogenic role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-31 (2017)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment are known for their ability to either inhibit or promote cancer progression. Here we evaluated the role of Interleukin-31 (IL31), a protein belonging to the pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine family which has been characterized in autoimmune disease, in tumorigenesis. We show that IL31 and its receptor, IL31RA, are highly expressed in various human and mouse cancer cell lines, as well as in tumor specimens from cancer patients. MC38 murine colon carcinoma cells depleted of IL31 exhibit an increase in invasive and migratory properties in vitro, effects that are reversed by supplementing the cells with exogenous IL31. In vivo, IL31-depleted MC38 tumor cells implanted to mice grow faster than control tumors. In contrast, MC38 tumor-bearing mice infused with recombinant IL31, exhibit a significant reduction in tumor growth than control mice. Furthermore, IL31 infusion reduces the number of metastatic lesions in the lungs of mice bearing 4T1 murine metastatic breast carcinoma. Lastly, injecting tumor-bearing, chemotherapy-treated mice with a long-lived IL31-IgG fusion protein reduces tumor growth, angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis to a greater extent than when chemotherapy is used alone. The IL31 anti-tumor activity is explained, in part, by the anti-angiogenic effects demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo highlighting the potential use of IL31 as an anti-cancer drug.
An all-N-logic high-speed single-phase dynamic CMOS logic (2002)

In this paper, a new all-N-logic high speed pipelined single-phase dynamic CMOS logic is introduced and analysed. The use of an all-N-logic allows the speed of the proposed circuits to be 2-3 times the speed of conventional CMOS dynamic circuits. The operating speed of the proposed pipelined circuits is simulated using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and reaches as high as 890 MHz. The pipelined 8-b carry generator of 5-stacked NMOS's which operates at a clock rate of over 550 MHz has been simulated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>