gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive assessment of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism by positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) (2017)

Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of hepatic mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (V <sub>CS</sub>) and pyruvate carboxylase flux (V <sub>PC</sub>) in vivo. Here, we show that a positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) method can be used to non-invasively assess rates of V <sub>CS</sub> and V <sub>PC</sub> fluxes using a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-<sup>13</sup>C]lactate and glucose tracer. PINTA measures V <sub>CS</sub> and V <sub>PC</sub> fluxes over a wide range of physiological conditions with minimal pyruvate cycling and detects increased hepatic V <sub>CS</sub> following treatment with a liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupler. Finally, validation studies in humans demonstrate that the V <sub>PC</sub>/V <sub>CS</sub> ratio measured by PINTA is similar to that determined by in vivo NMR spectroscopy. This method will provide investigators with a relatively simple tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism.Liver mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role for glucose and lipid homeostasis and its alterations contribute to metabolic disorders, including fatty liver and diabetes. Here Perry et al. develop a method for the measurement of hepatic fluxes by using lactate and glucose tracers in combination with NMR spectroscopy.
Broadband beam steering using chalcogenide-based Risley prisms (2011)

In this paper, we propose using chalcogenide glasses for improved, large-angle, beam steering of infrared radiation, with minimal spectral dispersion and improved thermal performance over wavelength intervals covering the 2 to 12-μm range. For example, we evaluate that full-angle dispersion in the 2 to 5 μm region for LiF/As2S3 combination should be three times smaller than in the case of LiF/ZnS combination. We also evaluate that using the ZnSe/As2Se3 combination will provide twice as small thermal walk-off than a similar ZnS/Ge system in the 8 to 12-μm region.
Performance Guarantees in Adaptive Control of Uncertain Systems with Unmodeled Dynamics (2020)

The presence of unmodeled dynamics degrades the stability and performance of adaptive control architectures. While there are studies that focus on the stability aspects of adaptive control architectures for uncertain systems with unmodeled dynamics, methods that offer performance guarantees in the sense of predictably minimizing the difference between uncertain system trajectories and given reference model trajectories are not available in the literature. In this paper, we address this gap through a recently developed direct uncertainty minimization framework. Specifically, a model reference adaptive control architecture is proposed and mathematically analyzed for uncertain systems with unmodeled dynamics. The key feature of our architecture is the added term in the control signal and the update law, which is developed through a gradient descent procedure with a new cost function involving a cost function gain in order to minimize the effect of both system uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics on the closed-loop system response. Therefore, the proposed architecture can be effective in achieving performance guarantees, where an illustrative numerical example shows the offered predictable performance as a function of the cost function gain. Finally, we also provide an experimental study on a physical system involving two carts connected with each other through a spring in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.
Vaccination with a Single-Cycle Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective in Mice (2019)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, but no vaccine is currently available. Live-attenuated vaccines represent an attractive immunization approach; however, balancing attenuation while retaining sufficient immunogenicity and efficacy has prevented the successful development of such a vaccine. Recently, a recombinant RSV strain lacking the gene that encodes the matrix (M) protein (RSV M-null) was developed. The M protein is required for virion assembly following infection of a host cell but is not necessary for either genome replication or gene expression. Therefore, infection with RSV M-null produces all viral proteins except M but does not generate infectious virus progeny, resulting in a single-cycle infection. We evaluated RSV M-null as a potential vaccine candidate by determining its pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and protective capacity in BALB/c mice compared with its recombinant wild-type control virus (RSV recWT). RSV M-null-infected mice exhibited significantly reduced lung viral titers, weight loss, and pulmonary dysfunction compared with mice infected with RSV recWT. Despite its attenuation, RSV M-null infection induced robust immune responses of similar magnitude to that elicited by RSV recWT. Additionally, RSV M-null infection generated serum Ab and memory T cell responses that were similar to those induced by RSV recWT. Importantly, RSV M-null immunization provided protection against secondary viral challenge by reducing lung viral titers as efficiently as immunization with RSV recWT. Overall, our results indicate that RSV M-null combines attenuation with high immunogenicity and efficacy and represents a promising novel live-attenuated RSV vaccine candidate.
The Synthesis and Characterization of New Energetic Salts (2000)

Abstract : Presently, hydrazine is the state of the art in many attitude control devices on many currently used satellite systems. The physical properties of hydrazine, namely its density and high vapor pressure, have led several research groups to search for new superior materials. In the late 1980's and through most of the 1990's significant amounts of work were placed on two low melting salt, hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), and hydroxylammonium dinitramide (HADN). These two salts have from 60-70% density increase over that of hydrazine and when formulated with various fuels, make for energetic propellant materials. Unfortunately, hydroxylammonium nitrate and dinitramide salts have many safety, compatibility, storage, and ignition problems. At the Air Force Research Laboratory, we have been pursuing the synthesis and characterization of new energetic salts, as new monopropellant ingredients. Herein, we will discuss our synthetic work with a new large array of energetic salts based on high nitrogen, 1, 2, 4-triazoles, and on the very energetic 1, 2-bis(oxyamino)ethane. This discussion will include the synthesis, characterization, initial small scale safety testing (impact and friction), and some initial thermal stability studies of all these salts. It was realized that there are several, easily synthesized, nitrogen heterocycles that could be paired with anions including the nitrate, perchlorate, and dinitramide anions to form highly energetic salts. The four heterocycle systems are 1,2,4-triazole; 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole; 3,4,S-triamino-1,2,4-triazole; and 1,2,3-triazole (Figure 1). Ail of these heterocycles are either commercially available or are easily synthesized in high yield from inexpensive starting materials, and all have high heats of formation.
Compressive data gathering for large-scale wireless sensor networks (2009)

This paper presents the first complete design to apply compressive sampling theory to sensor data gathering for large-scale wireless sensor networks. The successful scheme developed in this research is expected to offer fresh frame of mind for research in both compressive sampling applications and large-scale wireless sensor networks. We consider the scenario in which a large number of sensor nodes are densely deployed and sensor readings are spatially correlated. The proposed compressive data gathering is able to reduce global scale communication cost without introducing intensive computation or complicated transmission control. The load balancing characteristic is capable of extending the lifetime of the entire sensor network as well as individual sensors. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can cope with abnormal sensor readings gracefully. We also carry out the analysis of the network capacity of the proposed compressive data gathering and validate the analysis through ns-2 simulations. More importantly, this novel compressive data gathering has been tested on real sensor data and the results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed scheme.
Capsaicin affects brain function in a model of hepatic encephalopathy associated with fulminant hepatic failure in mice (2009)

Capsaicin improved both liver and brain dysfunction caused by thioacetamide, suggesting that both the endocannabinoid and the vanilloid systems play important roles in hepatic encephalopathy. Modulation of these systems may have therapeutic value.
Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Thirty-Nine Structural Proteins of Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus (2004)

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) virions were purified from the hemolymph of experimentally infected crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and their proteins were separated by 8 to 18% gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to give a protein profile. The visible bands were then excised from the gel, and following trypsin digestion of the reduced and alkylated WSSV proteins in the bands, the peptide sequence of each fragment was determined by liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-nanoESI-MS/MS) using a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Comparison of the resulting peptide sequence data against the nonredundant database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information identified 33 WSSV structural genes, 20 of which are reported here for the first time. Since there were six other known WSSV structural proteins that could not be identified from the SDS-PAGE bands, there must therefore be a total of at least 39 (33 + 6) WSSV structural protein genes. Only 61.5% of the WSSV structural genes have a polyadenylation signal, and preliminary analysis by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends suggested that some structural protein genes produced mRNA without a poly(A) tail. Microarray analysis showed that gene expression started at 2, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 hpi for 7, 1, 4, 12, 9, 5, and 1 of the genes, respectively. Based on similarities in their time course expression patterns, a clustering algorithm was used to group the WSSV structural genes into four clusters. Genes that putatively had common or similar roles in the viral infection cycle tended to appear in the same cluster.
Synthesis-Based Texture Video Coding With Side Information (2011)

The addition of a new component to the traditional synthesis-based texture video coding algorithm is investigated in this paper. That is, we add the side information in the form of low-quality video to enhance the texture video synthesis performance with reducing the unpleasant mismatch between analyzed and synthesized regions. As compared with the conventional synthesis algorithm, our algorithm is more flexible since the behavior and quality of the output texture can be adjusted by the amount of the side information, which is determined by the user. To this end, we develop an area-adaptive side information selection scheme that chooses the proper amount of the side information for a given bit budget. Furthermore, we propose a texture decomposition scheme that extracts the non-synthesizable illumination component from the source video for separate coding so as to maximize the synthesis functionality. The superior performance of the proposed texture video synthesis technique is demonstrated by several coding examples.
Flexible active matrix addressed displays manufactured by printing and coating techniques (2012)

Abstract A flexible electrochromic active matrix addressed display, including 8 × 8 pixels, is demonstrated by using solution processing based on standard printing and coating manufacturing techniques. Each organic electrochromic display (OECD) pixel and its corresponding organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) are located on different sides of the flexible PET substrate. Electronic vias generated through the plastic substrate connects each OECD pixel with one addressing OECT. When comparing this display with actively addressed OECDs with all its components located on the same side, the present approach based on this electronic via substrate provides an enhanced pixel resolution and a relatively more simplified manufacturing process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Visible-laser photodeposition of chromium oxide films and single crystals (1986)

Visible-laser deposition reactions of the chromyl chloride vapor, CrO2Cl2, have been developed for direct writing of chromium oxides. Deposition at low laser power is by photolysis of adsorbed CrO2Cl2 molecules. Higher powers initiate deposition photochemically and continue it with a combined photolytic/pyrolytic reaction, simultaneously inducing a solid phase conversion of the deposited film. Mixed Cr2O3/CrO2 thin films of 1 nm to several micrometer thickness, as well as 1-mm-long single crystals of Cr2O3, were grown, the latter at rates up to 3 μm/s. The thin films are strongly ferromagnetic. Mass spectrometer and optical transmission measurements show that surface kinetics dominate the nucleation and growth rates.
Erroneous assignment of Gaucher disease genotype as a consequence of a complete gene deletion (1994)

Two sisters with moderately severe Gaucher disease were diagnosed as having the usually relatively benign 1226G/1226G genotype by examination of DNA amplified from exon 9, where this mutation is located. Because of the discrepancy between the apparent genotype and the phenotype, we suspected that one of the alleles had not amplified. Therefore, the DNA of both parents was examined. The father was heterozygous for the 1226G mutation but the mother did not have this abnormality. It was shown that the mother and both daughters had a deletion of the glucocerebrosidase gene: only about one-half of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification product of the glucocerebrosidase gene in this region was found, compared to internal controls consisting of the glucocerebrosidase pseudogene and of the adjacent liver pyruvate kinase (PKLR) gene. The appearance of Southern blots developed with full length glucocerebrosidase cDNA probes showed that the band unique to the functional glucocerebrosidase gene had reduced intensity, and no abnormal bands were present after digestion with any restriction endonuclease, indicating that the entire coding region was deleted.
Checking Service Instance Protection for AMF Configurations (2009)

An AMF configuration is a logical organization of resources, components and service units (SUs) grouped into service groups (SGs), for providing and protecting services defined as service instances (SIs). The assignment of SIs to SUs is a runtime operation performed by the availability management framework (AMF) implementation. However, ensuring the capability of the provisioning and the protection of the SIs by the configured resources is a configuration issue. In other words, a configuration is valid if and only if it is capable of providing and protecting the services as required and according to the specified redundancy model. Ensuring this may require the exploration of all possible SI-SU assignments and in some cases different combinations of SIs, a complex procedure in most redundancy models defined in the AMF standard specification. In this paper, we explore the problem of SI protection at configuration time; we investigate and discuss its complexity and identify some special and more tractable cases.
A Novel DC Circuit Breaker With Counter-Current Injection and IGCT Combined (2021)

The fast fault clearance in medium-voltage direct current (MVdc) grids requires the dc circuit breakers (DCCBs) with high breaking capability and low cost. The traditional hybrid DCCB realizes large current interruption relying on several insulated gate bipolar transistors in parallel, which results in difficulty of cost reduction. In this article, a novel DCCB with counter-current injection and integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT) combined is proposed and analyzed. By combining forced commutation and IGCT, the large current breaking capability can be realized and the low cost is guaranteed. The simulation of the proposed DCCB is performed to evaluate the fault current breaking capability and influence of circuit parameters consisting of stray parameters and precharged capacitors on current commutation processes. Furthermore, a prototype of the 10-kV MVdc circuit breaker with 20-kA breaking capability is developed, and then the fault current breaking test is carried out to verify the validity of the proposed topology which can cut off current within 2.5 ms.
Targeted Self-Healing by Magnetically Guiding Microcapsules (2017)

Magnetically guided microcapsules are used to achieve self-healing with 1/10th of the healing components required using traditional self-healing approaches. Microcapsules are rendered responsive to magnetic fields by suspending magnetic nanoparticles in the core material. The nanoparticles are surface-modified to enable urea-formaldehyde encapsulation within a phenyl acetate core. Magnetic fields are used to guide the microcapsules to the expected fracture location in tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) epoxy specimens. This guiding method achieves an order of magnitude increase in local microcapsule concentration over controls, resulting in successful self-healing at microcapsule concentrations as low as 0.025 wt %. Additionally, the observed healing is both more consistent and significantly higher than that of control specimens, remaining relatively constant across all weight percentages tested.
A multi-frame and multi-slice H.264 parallel video encoding approach with simultaneous encoding of prediction frames (2012)

This paper describes a novel multi-frame and multi-slice parallel video encoding approach with simultaneous encoding of predicted frames. The approach, when applied to H.264 encoding, leads to speedups comparable to those obtained by state-of-the-art approaches, but without the disadvantage of requiring bidirectional frames. The new approach uses a number of slices equal or greater than the number of cores used and supports three motion estimation modes. Their combination leads to various tradeoffs between speedup and visual quality loss. For an H.264 baseline profile encoder based on Intel IPP code samples running on a two quad core Xeon system (8 cores in total), our experiments show an average speedup of 7.20×, with an average quality loss of 0.22 dB (compared to a non-parallelized version) for the most efficiency motion estimation mode, and an average speedup of 7.95×, with a quality loss of 1.85 dB for the faster motion estimation mode.
Advanced Diabetes Management Using Artificial Intelligence and Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors (2020)

Wearable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors are revolutionizing the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These sensors provide in real-time, every 1-5 min, the current blood glucose concentration and its rate-of-change, two key pieces of information for improving the determination of exogenous insulin administration and the prediction of forthcoming adverse events, such as hypo-/hyper-glycemia. The current research in diabetes technology is putting considerable effort into developing decision support systems for patient use, which automatically analyze the patient's data collected by CGM sensors and other portable devices, as well as providing personalized recommendations about therapy adjustments to patients. Due to the large amount of data collected by patients with T1D and their variety, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are increasingly being adopted in these decision support systems. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art methodologies using AI and CGM sensors for decision support in advanced T1D management, including techniques for personalized insulin bolus calculation, adaptive tuning of bolus calculator parameters and glucose prediction.
Examination of the Early Diagnostic Applicability of Active Dynamic Thermography for Burn Wound Depth Assessment and Concept Analysis (2014)

Despite advances in perfusion imaging, burn wound imaging technology continues to lag behind that of other fields. Quantification of blood flow is able to predict time for healing, but clear assessment of burn depth is still questionable. Active dynamic thermography (ADT) is a noncontact imaging modality capable of distinguishing tissue of different thermal conductivities. Utilizing the abnormal heat transfer properties of the burn zones, we examined whether ADT was useful in the determination of burn depth in a model of early burn wound evaluation. Duroc pigs (castrated male; n = 3) were anesthetized, and two burns were created with an aluminum billet at 3 and 12 seconds. These contact times resulted in superficial partial and deep partial thickness burn wounds, respectively. ADT and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) imaging were performed every 30 minutes postburn for a total of five imaging sessions ending 150 minutes postburn. For ADT, imaging excitation was performed for 42-120 seconds with dual quartz-infrared lamps, and subsequent infrared image capture was performed for 300 seconds. MATLAB-assisted image analysis was performed to determine burn zone region of interest thermal relaxation and characteristic patterns. LDI was performed with a moorLDI system, and biopsies were captured for histology following the 150-minute imaging session. Both ADT and LDI imaging modalities are able to detect different physical properties at 30, 60, 90 120, and 150 minutes postburn with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Resultant ADT cooling curves characterize greater differences with greater stimulation and a potentially more identifiable differential cooling characteristic. Histological analysis confirmed burn depth. This preliminary work confirms that ADT can measure burn depth and is deserving of further research either as a stand-alone imaging technology or in combination with a device to assess perfusion.
Aqueous-Processable Redox-Active Supramolecular Polymer Binders for Advanced Lithium/Sulfur Cells (2018)

Lithium/Sulfur (Li/S) cells are a promising chemistry with potential to deliver a step-change in energy density compared to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. To minimize the environmental impact of the Li/S cell manufacturing and to compete with Li-ion cells in both performance and cost, electrodes cast using an aqueous process are highly desirable. Here we describe the discovery and application of a lithiated redox-mediating supramolecular binder based on the well-known n-type semiconductor, perylene bisimide, that forms high-fidelity sulfur electrodes from water-processed slurries. A 1.4-fold improvement in sulfur utilization at 3.0 C and 58% increase in capacity retention after 250 cycles at 1.5 C are reported for the prelithiated, supramolecular binder compared to control samples. These improvements are attributed to the self-assembly of lithiated perylene bisimide binders in water to yield nanowire web morphologies that increase interfacial area between electrode components and exhibit enhanced electrode-current collector adhesion.