gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EM-based on-chip aging sensor for detection and prevention of counterfeit and recycled ICs (2015)

The counterfeiting and recycled integrated circuits (ICs) has become a major security threat for commercial and military systems. In addition to the huge economic impacts, they post significant security and safety threats on those systems. In this paper, we propose a new lightweight on-chip aging sensor, which is based on the electromigration (EM)-induced aging effects for fast detection and prevention of recycled ICs. Our new EM-based aging sensor exploits the natural aging/failure mechanism of interconnect wires to time the aging of the chip. Compared with existing aging sensor, the new aging sensor can provide more accurate prediction of the chip usage time at smaller area footprints due to its simple structure. The new sensor is based on a newly proposed physics-based stress evolution model of EM effects for accurate prediction of the EM failure. As a result, we can design the interconnect wire structures based on copper interconnect technology so that the resulting wires will have detectable EM failure at a specific time with sufficient accuracy. In order to mitigate the problem of the inherent variations in the metal grain sizes and assess its impacts on the nucleation time of metal wires, a number of parallel properly structured wires are used in the sensor. The parameters of the wires are optimized using the new EM model. Our statistical and variational analysis shows that the proposed aging sensor can accurately predict the targeted failure times in the presence of both inherent uncertainties. Our study also shows that more parallel wires will lead to more accurate statistical predictions at costs of more areas.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa (2004)

Factor Xa (FXa) has materialized as a key enzyme for the intervention of the blood coagulation cascade and for the development of new antithrombotic agents. FXa is the lone enzyme responsible for the production of thrombin and therefore is an attractive target for the control of thrombus formation. We have designed and synthesized a unique series of quinoxalinone FXa inhibitors. This series resulted in 3-[4-[5-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)pentyl]-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxolin-2-yl]benzamidine (35) with 0.83 nM activity against FXa and excellent selectivity over similar serine proteases. An X-ray crystal structure of compound 35 bound to trypsin along with molecular modeling has led to a predicted binding conformation of compound 35 in FXa. Compound 35 has also been proven to be efficacious in vivo in both the rabbit veno-venous shunt and dog electrolytic injury models. In addition, it was shown that compound 35 did not significantly increase bleeding times in a rabbit model except at the highest doses and plasma concentrations were elevated in a dose dependent manner following a bolus dose and continuous intravenous infusion.
3D Printing: Microfluidic Printheads for Multimaterial 3D Printing of Viscoelastic Inks (Adv. Mater. 21/2015) (2015)

On page 3279, J. A. Lewis and co-workers demonstrate multi-material 3D printing using microfluidic printheads specifically designed for seamlessly switching between two viscoelastic materials during fabrication. This approach opens new avenues for digital assembly of functional matter with controlled compositional and property gradients at the microscale.
Varicella-zoster virus induces apoptosis in cell culture (1995)

Apoptosis is an active mechanism of cell death which can be initiated in response to various stimuli including virus infections. In this work, we demonstrate that lytic infection by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a human herpesvirus, is characterized by nuclear fragmentation of DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments and by chromatin condensation. In vitro, VZV-induced cell death is actually mediated by apoptosis. The mechanisms developed by cells to protect themselves against apoptosis could be one of the parameters allowing the establishment of virus latency. In the case of VZV, which can remain latent in sensory ganglia, we have not yet identified a cellular or viral protein which could play this protective role, since the observed apoptosis mechanism seems to be independent from Bcl-2, the most frequently described inhibitor of apoptosis.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Fast Lithium Ionic Conduction in a LiBH<sub>4</sub>–C<sub>60</sub> Nanocomposite (2014)

We have developed a LiBH4–C60 nanocomposite that displays fast lithium ionic conduction in the solid state. The material is a homogeneous nanocomposite that contains both LiBH4 and a hydrogenated fullerene species. In the presence of C60, the lithium ion mobility of LiBH4 is significantly enhanced in the as-prepared state when compared to pure LiBH4. We also observed that after the material is annealed, the lithium ion mobility is further enhanced. The magnitude of enhancement in lithium ion mobility of the annealed material is comparable to that previously observed for LiX (X = halide) addition to LiBH4. In a LiBH4:C60 70:30 wt % sample that was annealed, we measured Li ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10–5 S/cm at 25 °C and 2.0 × 10–3 S/cm at 140 °C. Constant current cycling demonstrated that the material is stable in the presence of metallic lithium electrodes. First-principles calculations were also performed to demonstrate how C60 perturbs the interaction of lithium with the borohydride anion yielding a plausible explanation for the observed high ionic conductivity. The feasibility of this material as a solid state electrolyte was then demonstrated in a solid-state lithium ion battery.
Ovarian cancer antigen CA125 is encoded by the <i>MUC16</i> mucin gene (2002)

Serum assays based on the CA125 antigen are widely used in the monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer; however very little is known about the molecular nature of the CA125 antigen. We recently cloned a partial cDNA (designated MUC16) that codes for a new mucin that is a strong candidate for being the CA125 antigen. This assignment has now been confirmed by transfecting a partial MUC16 cDNA into 2 CA125-negative cell lines and demonstrating the synthesis of CA125 by 3 different assays. Of the 3 antibodies (OC125, M11 and VK-8) tested on the transfected cells, only the first 2 were strongly positive, indicating the differential expression of the CA125 epitopes in these cells. The cloning and expression of CA125 antigen opens the way to an understanding of its function in normal and malignant cells.
Microwave‐Promoted Synthesis of Methoxylated Benzaldehydes from Natural cis‐Phenylpropenes Using NaIO<sub>4</sub>/OsO<sub>4</sub> (cat.). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Quantum Wells in a GaN/InGaN Core–Shell Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode Array (2013)

Correlated atom probe tomography, cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy are used to analyze InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells (QWs) in nanowire array light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Tomographic analysis of the In distribution, interface morphology, and dopant clustering reveals material quality comparable to that of planar LED QWs. The position-dependent CL emission wavelength of the nonpolar side-facet QWs and semipolar top QWs is correlated with In composition.
Mixed Orientation Si–Si Interfaces by Hydrophilic Bonding and High Temperature Oxide Dissolution (2007)

In this paper, we describe a "quasi-hydrophobic" bonding method in which ultrathin oxide, present on wafer surfaces during bonding, is removed after bonding by a high temperature oxide dissolution anneal to leave the desired direct Si-to-Si contact at the bonded interface. We show that the direct-silicon-bonded (DSB) interfaces produced by this method are clean enough to allow implementation of a recently described amorphization/templated recrystallization technique for changing the orientation of selected DSB layer regions from their original orientation to the orientation of the underlying handle wafer. We then present results from a related study on the dissolution of oxide layers disposed between a Si substrate and a polycrystalline overlayer, and discuss mechanisms most likely to be operative for our oxide dissolution observations.
Impact of Inactivated Extracellular Proteases on the Modified Flagellin Type III Secretion Pathway of <i>Bacillus halodurans</i> (2008)

The flagellin type III secretion pathway of Bacillus halodurans BhFC01 (Deltahag) was modified by the inactivation of fliD. An in-frame flagellin gene fusion polypeptide construct was expressed, and the heterologous peptides were secreted as flagellin fusion monomers. The stability of the secreted monomers was significantly enhanced through gene-targeted inactivation of extracellular proteases.
p130/pRb2 has growth suppressive properties similar to yet distinctive from those of retinoblastoma family members pRb and p107. (1994)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, as well as its related protein p107, has been shown clearly to exert its growth suppressive effects in a cell cycle dependent manner. In this study we demonstrate that the introduction of our recently cloned Rb family member p130/pRb2 causes growth arrest in three tumor cell lines. In addition, in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma derived cell line HONE-1, we identified a low level of expression of p130/pRb2, possibly due to gene rearrangement, and a drastic reduction in proliferation upon introduction of a constitutive active p130/pRb2 complementary DNA clone. Furthermore, we were able to dissect distinct properties of the Rb family by demonstrating that p130/pRb2 inhibits proliferation of the glioblastoma cell line T98G, which is resistant to the growth suppressive effects of both pRb and p107. Our studies demonstrate that the Rb family proteins identified to date may complement each other but they are not fully functionally redundant.
"Sandwich" Stiffener for Composite Structural Panels (1982)

Concept uses commercial titanium honeycomb core brazed to cap material and panel skin. In fabrication of stringers, large sheets of cap material are brazed to pieces of honeycomb core of desired height. After brazing, individual stringers are cut by electrical-discharge machining, and stringers are subsequently brazed to skin. Sandwich beam stringer is light-weight, structurally-efficient, low-cost stiffener for metal-matrix composite structural panels.
WordsEye (2001)

Natural language is an easy and effective medium for describing visual ideas and mental images. Thus, we foresee the emergence of language-based 3D scene generation systems to let ordinary users quickly create 3D scenes without having to learn special software, acquire artistic skills, or even touch a desktop window-oriented interface. WordsEye is such a system for automatically converting text into representative 3D scenes. WordsEye relies on a large database of 3D models and poses to depict entities and actions. Every 3D model can have associated shape displacements, spatial tags, and functional properties to be used in the depiction process. We describe the linguistic analysis and depiction techniques used by WordsEye along with some general strategies by which more abstract concepts are made depictable.
Induction of Anchorage Independent Growth by Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) (1999)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is initially synthesized as a membrane bound protein that is subsequently processed to yield an approximately 74 amino acid secreted product. To investigate the biological activities of HB-EGF and its role(s) in tumor formation, the full-length HB-EGF cDNA was cloned under the regulation of the mouse metallothionein promoter and stably expressed in HB-EGF deficient mouse L cells. HB-EGF immunoreactive proteins of 21 and 24 kDa were observed from transfected MLC lysates, and these lysates exhibited the ability to bind to the EGF receptor, stimulate 3H-thymidine uptake in BALB/c-3T3 cells, and induce anchorage independent growth (AIG) of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Furthermore, NRK cells treated with either E. coli-derived or vaccinia virus-derived HB-EGF, as well as NRK cells directly transfected with the HB-EGF construct, demonstrated AIG. We conclude that HB-EGF is a potent growth factor capable of stimulating altered cell growth and anchorage independence.
Long-wavelength multiwatt 1310 and 1550-nm grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (2006)

Photodigm is developing long wavelength multiwatt grating outcoupled surface emitting (GSE) semiconductor lasers with continuous-wave (CW) output powers exceeding 1 W at 1310-nm and 0.4 W at 1550-nm wavelengths. These GSE lasers have full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) spectral bandwidth of less than 0.2 nm and a beam divergence of 0.5° x 3.2°(FWHM).
Bioengineered lysozyme in combination therapies for<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>lung infections (2014)

There is increasing urgency in the battle against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, and this public health crisis has created a desperate need for novel antimicrobial agents. Recombinant human lysozyme represents one interesting candidate for treating pulmonary infections, but the wild type enzyme is subject to electrostatic mediated inhibition by anionic biopolymers that accumulate in the infected lung. We have redesigned lysozyme's electrostatic potential field, creating a genetically engineered variant that is less susceptible to polyanion inhibition, yet retains potent bactericidal activity. A recent publication demonstrated that the engineered enzyme outperforms wild type lysozyme in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Here, we expand upon our initial studies and consider dual therapies that combine lysozymes with an antimicrobial peptide. Consistent with our earlier results, the charge modified lysozyme combination outperformed its wild type counterpart, yielding more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in bacterial burden following treatment with a single dose.
Higher‐order phase shift reconstruction approach (2010)

A novel approach has been proposed to retrieve an x-ray phase shift image induced by an object from intensity images measured at different distances in the Fresnel diffraction region. The authors' approach has the second-order accuracy and is able to retrieve the phase shift of an object stably, overcoming the restriction of slow phase variation assumed by the conventional phase retrieval techniques.
Genetic Modifiers of Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes (2013)

Diabetes is a common age-dependent complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) that is strongly influenced by modifier genes. We conducted a genome-wide association study in 3,059 individuals with CF (644 with CF-related diabetes [CFRD]) and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and 5' to the SLC26A9 gene that associated with CFRD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38; P = 3.6 × 10(-8)). Replication was demonstrated in 694 individuals (124 with CFRD) (HR, 1.47; P = 0.007), with combined analysis significant at P = 9.8 × 10(-10). SLC26A9 is an epithelial chloride/bicarbonate channel that can interact with the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the protein mutated in CF. We also hypothesized that common SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes also might affect risk for CFRD. A previous association of CFRD with SNPs in TCF7L2 was replicated in this study (P = 0.004; combined analysis P = 3.8 × 10(-6)), and type 2 diabetes SNPs at or near CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, and IGF2BP2 were associated with CFRD (P < 0.004). These five loci accounted for 8.3% of the phenotypic variance in CFRD onset and had a combined population-attributable risk of 68%. Diabetes is a highly prevalent complication of CF, for which susceptibility is determined in part by variants at SLC26A9 (which mediates processes proximate to the CF disease-causing gene) and at four susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes in the general population.
Soft, stretchable, epidermal sensor with integrated electronics and photochemistry for measuring personal UV exposures (2018)

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces acute and chronic effects on the skin, eye and immune system. Personalized monitoring of UV radiation is thus paramount to measure the extent of personal sun exposure, which could vary with environment, lifestyle, and sunscreen use. Here, we demonstrate an ultralow modulus, stretchable, skin-mounted UV patch that measures personal UV doses. The patch contains functional layers of ultrathin stretchable electronics and a photosensitive patterned dye that reacts to UV radiation. Color changes in the photosensitive dyes correspond to UV radiation intensity and are analyzed with a smartphone camera. A software application has feature recognition, lighting condition correction, and quantification algorithms that detect and quantify changes in color. These color changes are then correlated with corresponding shifts in UV dose, and compared to existing UV dose risk levels. The soft mechanics of the UV patch allow for multi-day wear in the presence of sunscreen and water. Two evaluation studies serve to demonstrate the utility of the UV patch during daily activities with and without sunscreen application.
New 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Based Photosensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) (2015)

1,3,4-Oxadiazole based photosensitizers with biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, and triphenylamine as the electron-donating moiety were synthesized for solar cell applications. In these photosensitizers, cyano groups were introduced as the electron acceptor and the anchor group because of their high electron-withdrawing ability and strong bonding to the semiconductor. Oxadiazole isomers were used as the π -conjugation system, which bridges the donor-acceptor systems. The electrochemical and optical properties of the sensitizers were investigated both in their native form and upon incorporation into dye sensitized solar cells. The results of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements, and photocurrent voltage characteristics indicate that 1,3,4-oxadiazole pi-spacer with the anthracene moiety has the highest efficiency of 2.58%. Density functional theory was employed to optimize the structures of the sensitizers and the TiO 2 cluster.
Opto-Electronic Microwave Oscillator (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. Steve Yao and Lute Maleki, "Opto-Electronic Microwave Oscillator," Optics & Photonics News 7(12), 34-35 (1996) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Purification and characteristics of a novel transglutaminase derived from microorganisms. (1989)

A microorganism producing transglutaminase was screened as an indication of hydroxamateform ing activity. The microbial transglutaminase was purified from the culture filtrate of the strain, S-8112, which was supposed to belong to the genus Streptoverticillium. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be about 40, 000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the isoelectric point 8.9 and the optimal pH of the reaction 6-7. The present enzyme requires no calcium ions for its activity. Thus, it clearly differs from known transglutaminases derived from mammalian organs, which have been defined as calcium-dependent enzymes.
Recognizing End-User Transactions in Performance Management (2000)

Providing good quality of service (e.g., low response times) in distributed computer systems requires measuring end-user perceptions of performance. Unfortunately, such mea-sures are often expensive or impossible to obtain. Herein, we propose a machine-learning approach to recognizing end-user transactions consisting of sequences of remote proce-dure calls (RPCs) received at a server. Two problems are addressed. The first problem is labeling an RPC sequence that corresponds to one transaction instance with the cor-rect transaction type. This is akin to text classification. The second problem is transaction recognition, a more compre-hensive task that involves segmenting RPC sequences into transaction instances and labeling those instances with trans-action types. This problem is similar to segmenting sounds into words as in speech understanding. Using Naive Bayes approach, we tackle the labeling problem with four combi-nations of feature vectors and probability distributions: RPC occurrences with the Bernoulli distribution and RPC counts with the multinomial, geometric, and shifted geometric dis-tributions. Our approach to transaction recognition uses a dynamic-programming Viterbi algorithm that searches for a most likely segmentation of an RPC sequence into a se-quence of transactions, assuming transaction independence and using our classifiers to select a most likely transac-tion label for a given RPC sequence. For both problems, good accuracies are obtained, although the labeling problem achieves higher accuracies (up to 87%) than does transaction recognition (64%).
Assisting converter based integrated battery management system for low power applications (2014)

This paper introduces a new battery management system for portable electronics applications based on the flyback converter. This new architecture integrates the voltage step-up and balancing functions inside a single converter. The step-up function is obtained using an assisting concept, where the flyback output is placed at the top of the battery pack and is therefore only processing a portion of the output power. As a result, high power processing efficiency and small converter volume are achieved. The operation of the system is regulated by a digital controller that provides voltage regulation and charge balancing of the battery cells at the same time. Experimental results obtained with 8-to-12V, 20W, 250 KHz prototype demonstrate a peak efficiency of 93.4% and show that the assisting flyback requires about 9 times smaller output capacitor than the conventional boost while maintaining approximately the same inductor volume.
Improving <i>in vivo</i> human cerebral cortical surface reconstruction using data-driven super-resolution (2020)

Accurate and automated reconstruction of the in vivo human cerebral cortical surface from anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images facilitates the quantitative analysis of cortical structure. Anatomical MR images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution improve the accuracy of cortical surface and thickness estimation compared to the standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution acquisitions require averaging multiple repetitions to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and are therefore long and potentially vulnerable to subject motion. We address this challenge by synthesizing sub-millimeter resolution images from standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution images using a data-driven supervised machine learning-based super-resolution approach achieved via a deep convolutional neural network. We systematically characterize our approach using a large-scale simulated dataset and demonstrate its efficacy in empirical data. The super-resolution data provide improved cortical surfaces similar to those obtained from native sub-millimeter resolution data. The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancy in cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation is below 100 μm at the single-subject level and below 50 μm at the group level for the simulated data, and below 200 μm at the single-subject level and below 100 μm at the group level for the empirical data, making the accuracy of cortical surfaces derived from super-resolution sufficient for most applications.