gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclodextrin-Based Pseudorotaxanes: Easily Conjugatable Scaffolds for Synthesizing Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents (2018)

Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (Xe) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has the potential to detect biological analytes with high sensitivity and high resolution when coupled with xenon-encapsulating molecular probes. Despite the development of numerous HP Xe probes, one of the challenges that has hampered the translation of these agents from in vitro demonstration to in vivo testing is the difficulty in synthesizing the Xe-encapsulating cage molecule. In this study, we demonstrate that a pseudorotaxane, based on a γ-cyclodextrin macrocycle, is easily synthesized in one step and is detectable using HyperCEST-enhanced <sup>129</sup>Xe MR spectroscopy.
Metabolic Responses of Dairy Cows and Heifers to Various Intravenous Dosages of Glucagon (1999)

To evaluate the ability of glucagon to improve carbohydrate status in dairy cows without an increase in blood lipids, glucagon was infused intravenously for 48 h into lactating cows and spayed heifers in three crossover experiments. During Experiment 1, glucagon (5 and 20 mg/d) was infused into four midlactation cows. Experiment 2 involved the infusion of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/d of glucagon into eight heifers; each heifer received two of the dosages. In Experiment 3, four early lactation cows were treated with 5 and 10 mg/d of glucagon. Glucagon consistently increased plasma glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent fashion throughout the 48-h periods. Plasma insulin was increased in a nondose-dependent manner by glucagon in Experiment 1. Plasma urea N was increased when glucagon was administered at 5 mg/d during Experiment 2 and tended to be decreased during Experiment 3. Nonesterified fatty acids in plasma were, in most cases, not affected; however, they were increased by glucagon at 10 mg/d during Experiment 2. Concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate were increased only by the 20-mg/d dosage. During Experiment 1, liver glycogen concentrations decreased by 2.1% (wet weight basis) for both dosages of glucagon, and concentrations of total lipid in the liver were increased by 0.6% (wet weight basis) by 20 mg/d of glucagon. Milk fat percentage was increased by glucagon, but milk volume and milk protein production were decreased during Experiment 1. Glucagon improved carbohydrate status over the 48-h periods in all experiments but did not increase plasma nonesterified fatty acids except at the 10-mg/d dosage in Experiment 2.
Strongly Modulated Photonic Crystal With Tailor Made Negative Refractive Index (2004)

Abstract : Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in a metallic photonic crystal (PC) wedge are demonstrated in free space for both transverse magnetic and electric mode propagation. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on the band structure with no fit parameters used in modeling. The results demonstrate precision control on the design and fabrication of the PC to achieve tailor-made refractive indices between -0.6 to +1.
A New Approach for Stabilizing Labyrinth Seal Leakage (1993)

A parametric study of geometrical effects on labyrinth seal leakage resistance was conducted using a recently developed Navier-Stokes finite difference code. Previously unavailable design data in terms of an effective cavity friction factor was obtained. Also, a new leakage stability design approach was found, and the parametric study data was used accordingly in designing a seal with nonuniform cavities for the new high-pressure oxygen turbo-pump of the space shuttle main engine. The leakage resistance showed significantly greater stability over an extremely wide range of rotor axial position. Further, an enhanced basic understanding of the effect of sharp knife corners on cavity friction factor is obtained from contours of intense turbulence generation. The location of these contours shows that it is the sharp streamline curvature at high velocity slightly upstream of the vena contracta which provides the primary intense turbulent friction. This is a departure from the previous belief that the large turbulent stresses near the edge of the vena contracta are primarily responsible. This finding is expected to be helpful in designing more advanced knife configurations.
Analysis of transcriptional activity mediated by <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> ecdysone receptor isoforms in a heterologous cell culture system (2006)

Ecdysteroid regulation of gene transcription in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects is mediated by a heterodimer comprised of Ultraspiracle (USP) and one of three ecdysone receptor (EcR) isoforms (A, B1 and B2). This study revealed that the EcR/USP heterodimer displays isoform-specific capabilities. EcRB1 is normally induced with a form of USP that is missing its DNA-binding domain (DBD), although potentiation by juvenile hormone (JH) III is reduced. The EcRA and B2 isoforms, however, display almost no response to ecdysteroids with the DBD(-) USP. A mutation, K497E, in the shared ligand-binding domain of the EcR isoforms caused elevated EcRB2-specific affinity for a canonical ecdysone response element. The effects of directed modification and mutagenesis offer a strategy for developing hypotheses and considerations for studying in vivo function.
Towards a verification of the rule-based expert system of the IBM SA for OS/390 Automation Manager (2002)

We formally verify consistency aspects of the rule-based expert system of IBM's System Automation software for IBM's e-server zSeries. Starting with a formalization of the expert system in propositional dynamic logic (PDL), we are able to encode termination and determinism properties. To circumvent direct proofs in PDL or its extension /spl Delta/PDL, we further translate versions of the occurring decision problems to propositional logic, where we can apply advanced SAT and BDD techniques. In our experiments we revealed some inconsistencies, and after correcting them, we successfully verified a non-looping property for a part of the expert system.
Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro (2003)

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is frequently caused by a mutation (G1896A) in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore (PC) reading frame that creates a stop codon, causing premature termination of the PC protein. During lamivudine treatment, drug resistance develops at a similar rate in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative CHB. Lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants have been shown to replicate inefficiently in vitro in the absence of PC mutations, but it is unknown whether the presence of PC mutations affects replication efficiency or antiviral sensitivity. This study utilized the recombinant HBV baculovirus system to address these issues. HBV baculoviruses encoding the G1896A PC stop codon mutation were generated in wild-type (WT) and lamivudine-resistant (rtM204I and rtL180M + rtM204V) backgrounds, resulting in a panel of 6 related recombinant baculoviruses. In vitro assays were performed to compare the sensitivities of the PC mutant viruses with lamivudine and adefovir and to compare relative replication yields. The PC mutation did not significantly affect sensitivities to either adefovir or lamivudine. WT HBV and PC mutant HBV showed similar replication yields, whereas the replication yields of the lamivudine-resistant mutants were greatly reduced in HBeAg positive HBVs, confirming previous observations. However, the presence of the PC mutation was found to compensate for the replication deficiency in each of the lamivudine-resistant mutants, increasing the replication yields of each virus. In conclusion, the PC stop codon mutation appears to increase the replication efficacy of lamivudine-resistant virus but does not affect in vitro drug sensitivity.
Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits and Lasers (2013)

A number of important breakthroughs in the past decade have focused attention on Si as a photonic platform. We review here recent progress in this field, focusing on efforts to make lasers, amplifiers, modulators and photodetectors on or in silicon. We also describe progress in silicon photonic integrated circuits. The impact active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on interconnects, telecommunications and on silicon electronics is reviewed.
Image Warping for Accurate Digital Subtraction Angiography (1994)

This paper describes a system for sub-pixel registration of mask and opacified digital X-ray images so that the mask image can be accurately subtracted out from the opacified image. Our technique results in digital subtraction angiograms (DSAs) with fewer artifacts and better contrast.
Multi-Technology Service Composition for the Telecommunication Domain - Concepts and Experiences (2010)

Telecommunication networks are service centric and therefore benefit from service composition techniques in accordance to Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles. Furthermore, services in the telecommunication domain are subject to specific requirements such as support for end-to-end communication sessions and mechanisms for service interaction across technological borders including telecom, enterprise and Internet services. The presented approach uses a technology-agnostic core composition function, which is comprised of high-level abstraction in the description of heterogeneous services, constraint-based dynamic service selection and step-by-step instantiation of abstract composite application models. In order to better support telecommunication services, these concepts were combined with support for sessions, integration with IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and support for legacy telecommunication technologies such as Intelligent Networks (IN) [1]. The presented composition approach has become part of products and solutions. This paper reports our experiences regarding the applicability of the technology, efficiency of the composite service development and performance of services composed using this approach.
Technical Possibilities of Noise Reduction in Material Cutting by Abrasive Water-jet (2009)

Th e technical procedure of noise reduction in material cutting by abrasive water-jet is described in this paper. The paper is aimed at the implementation of technicchnical possibilities of noise reduction in the cutting of material by abrasive water-jet technology. Both the theoretical and experimental investigations were performed to verify and specify the new findings in the reduction of acoustic sound pressure at abrasive water-jet machining of engineering materials. By means of identification, the influence of pressure and traverse speed on acoustic sound pressure level LAeq was identified. Furthermore, a possible way of acoustic pressure level reduction at the technological node of material cuttining by abrasive water-jet by means of technically relatively simple adjustment, is described.
Energy-Optimal Latency-Constrained Application Offloading in Mobile-Edge Computing (2020)

Mobile-edge computation offloading (MECO) is a promising emerging technology for battery savings in mobile devices (MD) and/or in latency reduction in the execution of applications by (either total or partial) offloading highly demanding applications from MDs to nearby servers such as base stations. In this paper, we provide an offloading strategy for the joint optimization of the communication and computational resources by considering the blue trade-off between energy consumption and latency. The strategy is formulated as the solution to an optimization problem that minimizes the total energy consumption while satisfying the execution delay limit (or deadline). In the solution, the optimal transmission power and rate and the optimal fraction of the task to be offloaded are analytically derived to meet the optimization objective. We further establish the conditions under which the binary decisions (full-offloading and no offloading) are optimal. We also explore how such system parameters as the latency constraint, task complexity, and local computing power affect the offloading strategy. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the behavior of the proposed strategy and verify its energy efficiency.
Cover Picture: Polymer‐Based Muscle Expansion and Contraction (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39/2013) (2013)

Humidity-responsive polymer-based muscles were fabricated by exploiting charged microgel and polyelectrolyte interactions as is shown by M. J. Serpe and co-workers in their Communication on page 10330 ff. Favorable interactions between microgels and polyelectrolytes and microgels and a flexible substrate allow the substrate to bend in a manner that depends on environmental humidity. The resulting actuator, or muscle, is able to lift many times its mass in a reproducible manner. Humidity-responsive polymer-based muscles were fabricated by exploiting charged microgel and polyelectrolyte interactions as is shown by M. J. Serpe and co-workers in their Communication on page 10330 ff. Favorable interactions between microgels and polyelectrolytes and microgels and a flexible substrate allow the substrate to bend in a manner that depends on environmental humidity. The resulting actuator, or muscle, is able to lift many times its mass in a reproducible manner. Agostic Interactions In their Communication on page 10190 ff. E. F. van der Eide, P. Yang, and R. M. Bullock describe a molybdenum complex for which two agostic isomers can be isolated and characterized. The isomers are strikingly different colors.1 Analytical Methods In their Communication on page 10360 ff., R. A. Potyrailo et al. show that selective detection of individual vapors and their mixtures is achieved by using a single three-dimensional networked film of plasmonic nanoparticles.1 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy In their Communication on page 10321 ff., N. J. Traaseth et al. used an oriented solid-state NMR method to detect changes upon ligand binding to the EmrE membrane transport protein. EmrE forms dimers in the membrane with different monomer tilt angles.1
ADAM 12 as a first‐trimester maternal serum marker in screening for Down syndrome (2006)

ADAM 12 in early first trimester is a very efficient marker of DS. In combination with existing markers, it offers enhanced screening efficiency in a two-stage sequential first-trimester screening program or in a contingent-screening model, which may have benefits in health economies where universal access to high quality ultrasound is difficult. More data on early first-trimester cases with DS are required to establish more secure population parameters by which to assess further the validity of these models.
Ixolaris, a novel recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the salivary gland of the tick, Ixodes scapularis: identification of factor X and factor Xa as scaffolds for the inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex (2002)

Saliva of the hard tick and Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, has a repertoire of compounds that counteract host defenses. Following sequencing of an I scapularis salivary gland complementary DNA (cDNA) library, a clone with sequence homology to tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was identified. This cDNA codes for a mature protein, herein called Ixolaris, with 140 amino acids containing 10 cysteines and 2 Kunitz-like domains. Recombinant Ixolaris was expressed in insect cells and shown to inhibit factor VIIa (FVIIa)/tissue factor (TF)-induced factor X (FX) activation with an inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC(50)) in the picomolar range. In nondenaturing gel, Ixolaris interacted stoichiometrically with FX and FXa but not FVIIa. Ixolaris behaves as a fast-and-tight ligand of the exosites of FXa and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domainless FXa (des-Gla-FXa), increasing its amidolytic activity. At high concentration, Ixolaris attenuates the amidolytic activity of FVIIa/TF; however, in the presence of DEGR-FX or DEGR-FXa (but not des-Gla-DEGR-FXa), Ixolaris becomes a tight inhibitor of FVIIa/TF as assessed by recombinant factor IX (BeneFIX) activation assays. This indicates that FX and FXa are scaffolds for Ixolaris in the inhibition of FVIIa/TF and implies that the Gla domain is necessary for FVIIa/TF/Ixolaris/FX(a) complex formation. Additionally, we show that Ixolaris blocks FXa generation by endothelial cells expressing TF. Ixolaris may be a useful tool to study the structural features of FVIIa, FX, and FXa, and an alternative anticoagulant in cardiovascular diseases.
Spinel Ferrites for Magnetic Recording Head. (1983)

A single crystal of Mn-Zn ferrite and polycrystalline Ni-Zn or Mn-Zn ferrite areused as head cores in VTR and computer disk systems. These ferrite are produced by various methods, i, e., Bridgman's method, vacuum sintering, HP sintering, HIP sintering etc. Spinel ferrite has mechanical and magnetic anisotropies : the former affects head wear resistance and residual stress after precise machining, and the latter does signal out-put of head. Grain size of polycrystal ferrite also affects the scattering of head out-put and mechanical workability. A dense Mn-Zn polycrystal ferrite with grain size as small as 12 μm, having the properties of resistance to grain pull-out, chipping, and high permeability at high frequency, is produced. Furthermore, a Mn-Zn polycrystal ferrite will be desired to have small grain size, about 1 μm, high saturation flux density Bm ∼6600(G), and high permeability μ, ∼1000 at 10 MHz, to correspond with high recording density and high reliability of the magnetic head.
Graphene-based contrast agents for photoacoustic and thermoacoustic tomography (2013)

In this work, graphene nanoribbons and nanoplatelets were investigated as contrast agents for photoacoustic and thermoacoustic tomography (PAT and TAT). We show that oxidized single-and multi-walled graphene oxide nanoribbons (O-SWGNRs, O-MWGNRs) exhibit approximately 5-10 fold signal enhancement for PAT in comparison to blood at the wavelength of 755 nm, and approximately 10-28% signal enhancement for TAT in comparison to deionized (DI) water at 3 GHz. Oxidized graphite microparticles (O-GMPs) and exfoliated graphene oxide nanoplatelets (O-GNPs) show no significant signal enhancement for PAT, and approximately 12-29% signal enhancement for TAT. These results indicate that O-GNRs show promise as multi-modal PAT and TAT contrast agents, and that O-GNPs are suitable contrast agents for TAT.
Formation and regulation of fullerene-incorporation in liposomes under the phase transition temperature (2011)

The fullerene-exchange reaction from a cyclodextrin cavity to liposomes represents one of the best methods to prepare lipid membrane-incorporated [70]fullerenes (C(70)). The C(70)-exchange reaction occurred completely at temperatures above the phase transition temperature (T(m)) of the liposomes; however, lowering the temperature to below the T(m) led to C(70) aggregation outside the liposomes. This observation has limited the development of more functional LMIC(70) using a variety of liposome compositions. In this paper, this reaction was found to occur efficiently by the addition of small amounts of lipids bearing a π-moiety. The π-moieties act as a gate when hydrophobic C(70) migrates into the hydrophilic liposome surface. Therefore, the π-moieties should exist in the polar head groups of the lipids and the C(70)-exchange reaction can be controlled by pH.
A New Class of Multifunctional Reconfigurable Antenna With Continous Beam Steering Capability (2022)

This paper presents a new class of multifunctional reconfigurable antenna (MRA) technology that provides continuous beam steering capability at individual antenna level with low power consumption. A prototype MRA operating in the 28 GHz band that uses varactor diodes as interconnecting switches between its parasitic elements was designed by full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Simulated results demonstrate the continuous beam steering capability of the designed MRA. This new MRA technology has a simple architecture and consumes low power, thus it holds the potential to satisfy the antenna array performance requirements of fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless systems with low cost and low power.
ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECT OF ZIRCONIUM ON THE ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION OF NOMINAL NI‐14CR‐24AL ALLOYS (1980)

Abstract Legierungen der Zusammensetzung Ni‐14Cr‐24Al‐xZr mit 0‐0.63 Atom‐% Zr (typische 7/7′ + β‐Legierung) werden bis zu 200 h lang in ruhender Luft bei l 100, 1 150 und 1200°C isotherm oxidiert und die oxidierten Oberflächen durch optische und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie Röntgen‐Beugung untersucht.
Representing hard lattices with O(n log n) bits (2005)

We present a variant of the Ajtai-Dwork public-key cryptosystem where the size of the public-key is only O(nlog n) bits and the encrypted text/clear text ratio is also O(nlog n). This is true with the assumption that all of the participants in the cryptosystem share O(n2log n) random bits which has to be picked only once and the users of the cryptosystem get them e.g. together with the software implementing the protocol. The public key is a random lattice with an nc-unique nonzero shortest vector, where the constant c>1‾2 can be picked arbitrarily close to 1‾2, and we pick the lattice according to a distribution described in the paper. We do not prove a worst-case average-case equivalence but the security of the system follows from the hardness of a randomized diophantine approximation problem related to a well-known theorem of Dirichlet.
Functional analysis of plant disease resistance genes and their downstream effectors (1999)

Plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins that both determine recognition of specific pathogen-derived avirulence (Avr) proteins and initiate signal transduction pathways leading to complex defense responses. Recent developments suggest that recognition specificity of R proteins is determined by either a protein kinase domain or by a region consisting of leucine-rich repeats. R genes conferring resistance to bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens appear to use multiple signaling pathways, some of which involve distinct proteins and others which converge upon common downstream effectors. Manipulation of R genes and their signaling pathways by transgenic expression is a promising strategy to improve disease resistance in plants.
Isolation and Expression of Five-Amino-Acid-Deleted Variant of Feline Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) cDNA (2004)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that stimulates a wide array of cellular targets, including hepatocytes and other epithelial cells, melanocytes, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We have cloned a different form of cDNA, with a deletion of 15 base pairs predicted to result in the loss of 5 amino acids from the first kringle domain. To investigate the biological activity, original and deleted variant of feline HGF cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Both recombinant feline HGFs showed almost the same dose-response curves in the stimulation of the growth of BNL CL.2 cells (a mouse hepatocyte cell line) and scatter activity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The findings reported here suggest that the deleted variant of feline HGF has almost the same biological activity as the original in terms of the proliferation and scatter activity.