gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) alleviates the scar of the rabbit ear model in wound healing (2008)

Studies suggest a possible antiscarring effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) during wound healing. However, little is known about the precise pathological mechanisms of bFGF. In particular, there is only limited information available about the mechanism of exogenous administration of bFGF to scar formation. To investigate the effect of bFGF on the hypertrophic scar in the rabbit ear model and to clarify the mechanisms of bFGF on treatment for scar in wound healing, the rabbit ear model of wound healing was created and treated topically with bFGF once daily for 3 months; then we examined the changes of macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of scars and the expression of collagen and collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1). The results of macroscopic and histologic characteristics revealed a significant difference between scars treated with bFGF and control scars. The expression of collagen in the scars treated with bFGF was decreased, as compared with the scars treated with saline. Further study revealed that bFGF could remarkably enhance expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1. bFGF could improve the quality of wound healing and remarkably alleviate the scar in the rabbit ear model in wound healing, which suggests that bFGF exerted a net negative effecton scar formation in wound healing. The evidence should contribute to a better understanding of the biological activities of bFGF during hypertrophic scar formation.
Electrochemical Logic Circuits (2005)

Three-terminal electrochemical transistors are manufactured from thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid), and form the basis of oscillatory and digital circuits, thus opening the door for logic systems based on \(electronic paper\). The transistors use ions and electrons as signal carriers, and operate at low voltages. Such low-cost digital circuitry may allow the use of electronics in systems and materials where it has been previously unused.
High-contrast terawatt chirped-pulse-amplification laser that uses a 1-ps Nd:glass oscillator (1993)

We have developed a fiberless 1-TW all-Nd:glass chirped-pulse-amplification laser system that uses high-contrast 0.8-1.4-ps pulses produced directly from a Nd:glass feedback-controlled oscillator. Employing grating-only expansion and compression, the system produces clean (~10(7) contrast ratio) 1-J, 1- 1.4-ps recompressed pulses without added pulse cleaning. Clean microjoule-energy pulses from the oscillator require less subsequent amplification than cw oscillator schemes, thereby minimizing gain-bandwidth narrowing and offering improved contrast with amplified stimulated emission background.
Floating-gate analog implementation of the additive soft-input soft-output decoding algorithm (2003)

The soft-input soft-output algorithm is used to iteratively decode concatenated codes. To efficiently implement this algorithm, an additive form in the logarithmic domain is employed. A novel analog implementation using CMOS translinear circuits is proposed. A multiple-input floating-gate CMOS transistor working in the subthreshold region is used as the main translinear computing element. The proposed approach allows a direct mapping between the decoding algorithm and the circuit implementation. Experimental CMOS chip results are in good agreement with theoretical and simulation results.
Phytosterols in the aleurone layer of corn kernels (2000)

Corn hulls are composed of two major layers: the outer layer, the pericarp, is made up of non-living cell walls, and an inner layer, the aleurone, consists of a single layer of living cells, surrounded by thick cell walls. Dissected pure pericarp and aleurone fractions were ground and extracted with hexane and the yields and compositions of the resulting oils were examined. This study revealed that the high levels of ferulate-phytosterol esters and the high concentration of sitostanol previously reported in corn-fibre oil actually originate in the aleurone cells.
Trusted Operations on Sensor Data † (2018)

The widespread use of mobile devices has allowed the development of participatory sensing systems that capture various types of data using the existing or external sensors attached to mobile devices. Gathering data from such anonymous sources requires a mechanism to establish the integrity of sensor readings. In many cases, sensor data need to be preprocessed on the device itself before being uploaded to the target server while ensuring the chain of trust from capture to the delivery of the data. This can be achieved by a framework that provides a means to implement arbitrary operations to be performed on trusted sensor data, while guaranteeing the security and integrity of the data. This paper presents the design and implementation of a framework that allows the capture of trusted sensor data from both external and internal sensors on a mobile phone along with the development of trusted operations on sensor data while providing a mechanism for performing predefined operations on the data such that the chain of trust is maintained. The evaluation shows that the proposed system ensures the security and integrity of sensor data with minimal performance overhead.
Magnetic measurement of human iron stores (1980)

This paper provides a review of the principles and practice of biomagnetic susceptometry, with particular reference to magnetic susceptibility measurements of the human liver. A novel SQUID biomagnetic susceptometer is described consisting of a second-order gradiometer combined with a superconducting field coil assembly. We report the first clinical non-invasive diagnosis of liver iron overload achieved with this susceptometer at the Metropolitan General Hospital in Cleveland. Estimates are provided for the limiting resolution of the method. Ongoing efforts to apply the same principles to the determination of iron overload in the heart are briefly described. Our work represents the first clinical diagnostic procedure to utilize the recently developed superconducting technology of weak field measurement.
Intrathecal administration of TRPA1 antagonists attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats with hyper-reflexia micturition (2016)

The TRPA1 had a pronounced upregulation in DRG but more slight in mucosa in rat cystitis. The blockade of neuronal activation of TRPA1 by intrathecal administration of antagonists could decrease afferent nerve activities and attenuated detrusor overactivity induced by inflammation.
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA: comparison of one-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with nested-set PCR (1993)

We evaluated a new hepatitis C virus RNA assay based on one-stage PCR followed by liquid hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe and compared it with nested-set PCR. The one-stage and nested-set PCR assays had identical sensitivities in analytical experiments and showed 100% concordance when clinical specimens were used. One-stage PCR may be less prone to contamination than nested-set PCR.
Modification of low density lipoproteins by secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells (1991)

When low density lipoprotein (LDL) is incubated with granules isolated from rat serosal mast cells, a fraction of LDL is bound to the granule heparin proteoglycan. If incubation is continued at 37 degrees C, the bound LDL, but not the unbound LDL, is degraded by granule neutral proteases. In the early stage of incubation, all the granule-bound LDL can be released by 0.3 M NaCl (the fraction of LDL). With time, an increasing proportion of the granule-bound LDL requires 0.5 M NaCl for release (the fraction of LDL). Chemical analysis showed that, on average, 20% of the apolipoprotein B LDL was lost from the salt-sensitive fraction and 60% from the salt-resistant fraction, without any change in the composition of the lipid portion. Electron microscopic analysis disclosed large fused particles of LDL (diameters up to 100 nm) in the highly proteolyzed salt-resistant fraction, but no fused particles could be found in the less proteolyzed salt-sensitive fraction. We conclude that both binding and extensive degradation of LDL by mast cell granules is required for fusion of LDL particles on the granule surface. As compared with native LDL, the mast cell granule-modified LDL particles exhibit (i) increased particle size, (ii) selective loss of protein (apoB), (iii) a decrease in hydrated density, and (iv) stronger ionic interaction between apoB and heparin proteoglycan. The particles resemble the extracellular lipid droplets found in atherosclerotic lesions of both man and animals. Modification of LDL by mast cells may therefore provide a model of how these lipid structures are formed.
Molecular interactions between Vestigial and Scalloped promote wing formation in <i>Drosophila</i> (1998)

Scalloped (Sd) and Vestigial (Vg) are each needed for Drosophila wing development. We show that Sd is required for Vg function and that altering their relative cellular levels inhibits wing formation. In vitro, Vg binds directly to both Sd and its human homolog, Transcription Enhancer Factor-1. The interaction domains map to a small region of Vg that is essential for Vg-mediated gene activation and to the carboxy-terminal half of Sd. Our observations indicate that Vg and Sd function coordinately to control the expression of genes required for wing development, which implies that Vg is a tissue-specific transcriptional intermediary factor of Sd.
Characterization of dehydroascorbic acid solutions by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2001)

The composition of a commercial dehydroascorbic acid (DA) solution at pH 2 was investigated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to establish the nature of its different forms and its decomposition products. In freshly prepared solutions, dimeric forms of DA and the hydrated bicyclic hemiketal of DA are the species mainly present in solution. In the presence of light, the initial dimeric species disappears over time to give other dehydrated dimers some of which decompose to the monomer. The comparison of these data with similar data obtained for ascorbic acid (AA) solutions under the same experimental conditions revealed that, in the presence of light, the aging of such AA solutions gives rise to only the hemiketal form of DA, and that no dimeric species of DA were formed. The presence of the hemiketal form of DA was not revealed by analysis of the same AA solutions using the conventional LC/UV technique. The natural form of DA from the oxidation of AA is the hydrated bicyclic form.
A Synthetic Pheromone Lure to Induce Worker Honeybees to Consume Water and Artificial Forage (1983)

SummarySynthetic Nasonov pheromone lures that attract honeybee (Apis mellifera) swarms also stimulated bees to consume water, pollen substitute and sucrose syrup offered inside their hives, and water and sucrose syrup provided in the field. The possible value of this to beekeeping is discussed.
Direct Measurement of Normal and Shear Forces between Surface-Grown Polyelectrolyte Layers (2009)

This paper presents measurements, using the surface force balance (SFB), of the normal and shear forces in aqueous solutions between polyelectrolyte layers grown directly on mica substrates (grafted-from). The grafting-from was via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (surface-initiated ATRP) using a positively charged methacrylate monomer. X-ray reflectometry measurements confirm the successful formation of polyelectrolyte layers by this method. Surface-inititated ATRP has the advantages that the polymer chains can be strongly grafted to the substrate, and that high grafting densities should be achievable. Measured normal forces in water showed a long-range repulsion arising from an electrical double layer that extended beyond the polyelectrolyte layers, and a stronger, shorter-range repulsion when the polyelectrolyte brushes were in contact. Swollen layer thicknesses were in the range 15-40 nm. Upon addition of approximately 10(-2)-10(-1) M sodium nitrate, screening effects reduced the electrical double layer force to an undetectable level. Shear force measurements in pure water were performed, and the measured friction may arise from polymer chains bridging between the surfaces.
ConflictNET: End-to-End Learning for Speech-Based Conflict Intensity Estimation (2019)

Computational paralinguistics aims to infer human emotions, personality traits and behavioural patterns from speech signals. In particular, verbal conflict is an important example of human-interaction behaviour, whose detection would enable monitoring and feedback in a variety of applications. The majority of methods for detection and intensity estimation of verbal conflict apply off-the-shelf classifiers/regressors to generic hand-crafted acoustic features. Generating conflict-specific features requires refinement steps and the availability of metadata, such as the number of speakers and their speech overlap duration. Moreover, most techniques treat feature extraction and regression as independent modules, which require separate training and parameter tuning. To address these limitations, we propose the first end-to-end convolutional-recurrent neural network architecture that learns conflict-specific features directly from raw speech waveforms, without using explicit domain knowledge or metadata. Additionally, to selectively focus the model on portions of speech containing verbal conflict instances, we include a global attention interface that learns the alignment between layers of the recurrent network. Experimental results on the SSPNet Conflict Corpus show that our end-to-end architecture achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages (2014)

Due to the inherent difficulty and time involved with studying the myogenic program in vivo, primary culture systems derived from the resident adult stem cells of skeletal muscle, the myogenic precursor cells (MPCs), have proven indispensible to our understanding of mammalian skeletal muscle development and growth. Particularly among the basal taxa of Vertebrata, however, data are limited describing the molecular mechanisms controlling the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of MPCs. Of particular interest are potential mechanisms that underlie the ability of basal vertebrates to undergo considerable postlarval skeletal myofiber hyperplasia (i.e. teleost fish) and full regeneration following appendage loss (i.e. urodele amphibians). Additionally, the use of cultured myoblasts could aid in the understanding of regeneration and the recapitulation of the myogenic program and the differences between them. To this end, we describe in detail a robust and efficient protocol (and variations therein) for isolating and maintaining MPCs and their progeny, myoblasts and immature myotubes, in cell culture as a platform for understanding the evolution of the myogenic program, beginning with the more basal vertebrates. Capitalizing on the model organism status of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we report on the application of this protocol to small fishes of the cyprinid clade Danioninae. In tandem, this protocol can be utilized to realize a broader comparative approach by isolating MPCs from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and even laboratory rodents. This protocol is now widely used in studying myogenesis in several fish species, including rainbow trout, salmon, and sea bream(1-4).
Polycystin-1 Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and AP-1 Is Mediated by Heterotrimeric G Proteins (2002)

Functional analysis of polycystin-1, the product of the gene most frequently mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, has revealed that this protein is involved in the regulation of diverse signaling pathways such as the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 and modulation of Wnt signaling. However, the initial steps involved in the activation of such cascades have remained unclear. We demonstrated previously that the C-terminal cytosolic tail of polycystin-1 binds and activates heterotrimeric G proteins in vitro. To test if polycystin-1 can activate cellular signaling cascades via heterotrimeric G protein subunits, polycystin-1 C-terminal tail-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AP-1 activities were assayed in transiently transfected 293T cells in the presence of dominant-negative, G protein inhibiting constructs, and in the presence of cotransfected Galpha subunits. The results showed that polycystin-1-mediated JNK/AP-1 activation is mediated by Galpha and Gbetagamma subunits. Polycystin-1-mediated AP-1 activity could be significantly augmented by cotransfected Galpha(i), Galpha(q), and Galpha(12/13) subunits, suggesting that polycystin-1 can couple with and activate several heterotrimeric G protein families.
Certifiable Java for Embedded Systems (2014)

The Certifiable Java for Embedded Systems (CJ4ES) project aimed to develop a prototype development environment and platform for safety-critical software for embedded applications. There are three core constituents: A profile of the Java programming language that is tailored for safety-critical applications, a predictable Java processor built with FPGA technology, and an Eclipse based application development environment that binds the profile and the platform together and provides analyses that help to provide evidence that can be used as part of a safety case. This paper summarizes key contributions within these areas during the three-year project period. In the conclusion the overall result of the project is assessed.
A Single Stage AC-DC Converter for Wireless Power Transfer System (2019)

In the field of electric vehicles, researches on wireless power transfer (WPT)charging system have been developed recently because of environmental problems and convenience. In this paper, we proposed a wireless power transfer charging system using a single stage AC/DC converter that can be reduced in size and weight, as well as ensuring convenience. The proposed single-stage AC/DC converter can control the wide output voltage (250 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DC</sub> ~ 350 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DC</sub> ) by the link voltage and pulsewidth voltage applied to CLLC resonant circuit through the phase-shifted modulation at a fixed switching frequency. Also, the input power factor (PF)and the total harmonic distortion (THD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> )by using the proposed converter can be improved. A 1 kW prototype was fabricated and validated through experimental results and analysis.
BT's video-on-demand technology trial (1994)

The author discusses BT's video-on-demand technology trial; a trial which set out to answer the technical issues surrounding the viability of a number of technologies key to the development of interactive multimedia services. The trial is based in Kesgrave, with a video server comprising an nCube parallel processing computer playing video stored on a magnetic disk store. The value of the parallel processing computer software as implemented by Oracle is in the ability of each processor to reconstruct a movie from a large number of segments distributed across the total disk array. By breaking up the movie in this way and taking advantage of the disk controllers' ability to manage a relatively small number of simultaneous disk accesses, one copy of a movie can be viewed simultaneously by many customers.
Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney disease (2020)

Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia because of diabetes mellitus can lead to development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We recently reported that reduced superoxide production is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidneys of mouse models of type 1 DKD. We also demonstrated that humans with DKD have significantly reduced levels of mitochondrion-derived metabolites in their urine. Here we examined renal superoxide production in a type 2 diabetes animal model, the <i>db/db</i> mouse, and the role of a mitochondrial protectant, MTP-131 (also called elamipretide, SS-31, or Bendavia) in restoring renal superoxide production and ameliorating DKD. We found that 18-week-old <i>db/db</i> mice have reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels, as measured by dihydroethidium oxidation, and increased levels of albuminuria, mesangial matrix accumulation, and urinary H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Administration of MTP-131 significantly inhibited increases in albuminuria, urinary H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and mesangial matrix accumulation in <i>db/db</i> mice and fully preserved levels of renal superoxide production in these mice. MTP-131 also reduced total renal lysocardiolipin and major lysocardiolipin subspecies and preserved lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 expression in <i>db/db</i> mice. These results indicate that, in type 2 diabetes, DKD is associated with reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels and that MTP-131 protects against DKD and preserves physiological superoxide levels, possibly by regulating cardiolipin remodeling.
Adenosine and related compounds counteract tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of neutrophil migration: implication of a novel cyclic AMP-independent action on the cell surface. (1990)

Human rTNF-alpha (greater than or equal to U/ml) decreased PMN nondirected and directed migration to FMLP to approximately 50% of control. Adenosine (100 microM) almost completely restored hrTNF-inhibited migration (nondirected from 54 to 92% and directed migration to from 54 to 93% of control). The lowest concentration of adenosine that restored hrTNF-inhibited migration was 3 microM, and the adenosine analogue, 5'-(N-cyclopropyl)-carboxamido-adenosine (CPCA) was more potent than adenosine. Although CPCA binds to A2-receptors and stimulates adenylate cyclase, the reversal of hrTNF-inhibited chemotaxis was found to be independent of both PMN cAMP content and binding to A2-receptors, because neither 8-Br-cAMP nor pertussis adenylate cyclase restored hrTNF-inhibited PMN chemotaxis and the A2-receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine decreased CPCA stimulated cAMP but enhanced CPCA-restoration of hrTNF-inhibited chemotaxis. The effect of adenosine could be augmented by inhibition of adenosine uptake and decreased by adenosine deamination. Pentoxifylline, (3,7 dimethyl-1-[5 oxo-hexyl] xanthine), like adenosine also restored PMN chemotaxis inhibited by hrTNF. The adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8(phenyl-p-acrylate)-xanthine (BW A1433U), decreased restoration of hrTNF-inhibited chemotaxis by CPCA or pentoxifylline. Thus, the inhibitory effect of hrTNF on PMN migration can be counteracted by adenosine, CPCA, pentoxifylline, and compounds that increase adenosine availability to the surface of the PMN. Inasmuch as an A1-selective agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine was less active, and the action of the A2-selective agonist CPCA was enhanced by an A2-receptor antagonist, we hypothesize that neither A1 or A2 receptors are involved in adenosine restoration of hrTNF-inhibited chemotaxis. Further, increased cAMP, an A2-regulated event, does not cause the effect, and adenosine restoration of hrTNF-inhibited migration does not appear to be mediated by changes in PMN [F-actin], FMLP receptor expression, or cytosolic calcium. Hence, the restoration of hrTNF-inhibited chemotaxis is controlled by a novel cyclic AMP-independent action on the PMN surface.