gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The endocyclic restriction test: experimental evaluation of transition-structure geometry for a nucleophilic displacement at neutral nitrogen (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe endocyclic restriction test: experimental evaluation of transition-structure geometry for a nucleophilic displacement at neutral nitrogenPeter Beak and Jinglin LiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2796–2797Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a089RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (277 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ELEVATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 3 AND 9 IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (2009)

We show that MMPs are increased in the CSF of TBI patients. Although the number of patients was small, the results were robust and clearly demonstrated increases in MMP-3 and MMP-9 in ventricular CSF in TBI patients compared with controls. Although these preliminary results will need to be replicated, we propose that MMPs may be important in blood-brain barrier opening and hemorrhage secondary to brain injury in patients.
FIM, a Novel FTIR-Based Imaging Method for High Throughput Locomotion Analysis (2013)

We designed a novel imaging technique based on frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) to obtain high resolution and high contrast movies. This FTIR-based Imaging Method (FIM) is suitable for a wide range of biological applications and a wide range of organisms. It operates at all wavelengths permitting the in vivo detection of fluorescent proteins. To demonstrate the benefits of FIM, we analyzed large groups of crawling Drosophila larvae. The number of analyzable locomotion tracks was increased by implementing a new software module capable of preserving larval identity during most collision events. This module is integrated in our new tracking program named FIMTrack which subsequently extracts a number of features required for the analysis of complex locomotion phenotypes. FIM enables high throughput screening for even subtle behavioral phenotypes. We tested this newly developed setup by analyzing locomotion deficits caused by the glial knockdown of several genes. Suppression of kinesin heavy chain (khc) or rab30 function led to contraction pattern or head sweeping defects, which escaped in previous analysis. Thus, FIM permits forward genetic screens aimed to unravel the neural basis of behavior.
Use of the viral 2A peptide for bicistronic expression in transgenic mice (2008)

The 2A peptide efficiently mediates co-translational cleavage in transgenic mice in which it has been inherited through the germ-line. Mice expressing it ubiquitously throughout development and into adulthood appear normal. It is therefore a viable tool for use in genetically engineered mice and represents a superior alternative to the widely used internal ribosomal entry site.
Applications of rank-based median filters in power electronics (1992)

A class of robust, rank-based signal processing filters is considered, particularly with regard to its usefulness in the power electronics field. This class of nonlinear filters is characterized by the inclusion of a sorting element in the signal path. The sorting operation allows these filters to suppress impulsive noise while preserving edges and monotonic sections of signals. This introductory work concentrates primarily on the median filter, it being the most accessible filter of the class. A working knowledge of issues arising in design and implementation is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis (2012)

Background. Studies that have investigated the association between markers of inflammation and risk of dementia are conflicting. Therefore, the researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with the hypothesis that an increased level of peripheral proinflammatory markers would be associated with risk of all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD).
A framework of collaborative design for a large-scale optical instrument (2009)

The collaborative design for a large-scale optical instrument is presented for fully considering the design process within an integrated framework, which mainly includes opto-mechanical structure CAD, CAE and the integrated information platform product data management (PDM). The whole design process is based on the virtual main model to realise parameter driving through model transformation and data sharing. The integrated frame of CAD/CAE/PDM is presented. Then the key aspects for a large-scale optical instrument, especially the advanced design by opto-CAD software tools and Zernike polynomial fit, are discussed. An application case is also provided, including optical design, structure design and analysis flow. The collaborative design method can well realise design optimisation with high efficiency.
A two-dimensional beam-switchable patch array antenna with polarization-diversity for 5G applications (2018)

A compact multi-beam 2×2 patch array antenna, with the ability of switching the radiation beam and polarization, is presented. Each element antenna has two sets of perturbation segments for circular polarization agility and three switchable feeding probes, which are integrated with a designed single-pole triple-throw (SPTT) switch. The phase distribution required for different radiation beams is realized by selecting proper feeding probes for each element antenna. The array antenna is capable of simultaneously switching the radiation beams among nine different directions and reconfiguring the polarization between two orthogonal circular polarization states with an enhanced 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth.
Enhanced sensitivity of DNA‐ and rRNA‐based stable isotope probing by fractionation and quantitative analysis of isopycnic centrifugation gradients (2003)

Stable isotope probing (SIP) of nucleic acids allows the detection and identification of active members of natural microbial populations that are involved in the assimilation of an isotopically labelled compound into nucleic acids. SIP is based on the separation of isotopically labelled DNA or rRNA by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. We have developed a highly sensitive protocol for the detection of 'light' and 'heavy' nucleic acids in fractions of centrifugation gradients. It involves the fluorometric quantification of total DNA or rRNA, and the quantification of either 16S rRNA genes or 16S rRNA in gradient fractions by real-time PCR with domain-specific primers. Using this approach, we found that fully 13C-labelled DNA or rRNA of Methylobacterium extorquens was quantitatively resolved from unlabelled DNA or rRNA of Methanosarcina barkeri by cesium chloride or cesium trifluoroacetate density gradient centrifugation respectively. However, a constant low background of unspecific nucleic acids was detected in all DNA or rRNA gradient fractions, which is important for the interpretation of environmental SIP results. Consequently, quantitative analysis of gradient fractions provides a higher precision and finer resolution for retrieval of isotopically enriched nucleic acids than possible using ethidium bromide or gradient fractionation combined with fingerprinting analyses. This is a prerequisite for the fine-scale tracing of microbial populations metabolizing 13C-labelled compounds in natural ecosystems.
Sb-Heterostructure Low Noise W-Band Detector Diode Sensitivity Measurements (2006)

Sb-heterostructure diodes have become the detector of choice for W-band millimeter wave imaging cameras. Here we demonstrate lower impedance versions that optimize noise equivalent power (NEP). The goal is to decrease the gain required of the RF pre-amplifier, ideally to zero. Measured W-band sensitivities for three diodes are 3500, 5500, and 6000 V/W. Their zero bias differential resistance values imply Johnson noise limited NEP's of 0.98, 0.83, and 0.79 pW/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">frac12</sup> , respectively, much less than obtained from conventional Schottky diodes. A wideband transition from a horn antenna to the 6000 V/W detector has produced an integrated bandwidth of 30 GHz with implied temperature sensitivity (NEDeltaT) close to 10degK
Turn Geometry for Minimizing Band Broadening in Microfabricated Capillary Electrophoresis Channels (2000)

Turns in microfabricated capillary electrophoresis channels generally result in degraded separation quality. To circumvent this limitation, channels were constructed with different types of turns to determine the design that minimizes turn-induced band broadening. In particular, tapered turns were created by narrowing the separation channel width before the start of a turn and widening the channel after the turn is complete. The radius of curvature of the turn, the length over which the channel is tapered, and the degree of tapering were explored. The column efficiencies were determined by examining the resolution of the 271/281 base pair doublet in the separation of a phiX174 HaeIII DNA sizing ladder. Tapered turns with the smallest radius of curvature (250 microm), the shortest tapering length between the separation and turn widths (55 microm), and the largest tapering ratio (4:1 separation channel width to turn channel width) produced the highest resolution separations. These results are discussed by comparison to theoretical predictions of the effect of tapers and turns on analyte band dispersion in capillary electrophoresis.
60 GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN (2010)

This book addresses 60 GHz technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN from theory to practice, covering key aspects for successful deployment.In this book, the authors focus specifically on 60 GHz wireless technology which has emerged as the most promising candidate for multi-gigabit wireless indoor communication systems. 60 GHz technology offers various advantages over current or existing communications systems (e.g. huge unlicensed bandwidth worldwide, high transmit power, high frequency reuse and small form factor), which enables many disruptive applications that are otherwise difficult if not impossible to be realized at lower frequencies. The book addresses all aspects of the state-of-the-art in 60 GHz technology for high data rate wireless applications.Key Features:Comprehensive coverage from theory to practice: provides readers with a thorough technical guide of 60 GHz technology development Brings together the entire area of 60GHz technology for Gigabits per second (Gbps) WLAN and WPAN applications. Discusses practical system designs covering wide aspects such as antenna propagation, beamforming, circuit design, digital communication, signal processing, system architectures, etc. Provides up-to-date standardization activities, regulatory issues, technology development as well as future trends Includes examples and case studies for practical scenarios Contains theoretical, simulation and experimental results to demonstrate and compare the performance of various schemes (or systems) This book serves as an excellent reference for system engineers, system architects, IC designers, standard engineers, researchers, and vendor and manufacturer consumers. Technical consultants, software and application developers will also find this book of interest.
Tertiary and Quaternary Structures of 0.19 α-Amylase Inhibitor from Wheat Kernel Determined by X-ray Analysis at 2.06 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1997)

The crystal structure of 0.19 alpha-amylase inhibitor (0.19 AI) from wheat kernel was determined by the multiple-isomorphous replacement method coupled with density modification and noncrystallographic symmetry averaging and then refined by simulated annealing using diffraction data to 2.06 A resolution (R = 18.7%, free R = 22.3%). The asymmetric unit has four molecules of 0.19 AI, each comprised of 124 amino acid residues. Electron density for residues 1-4 and 69-77 is absent in all subunits, probably because of the intrinsic flexibility of these segments. Each subunit has four major alpha-helices and one one-turn helix which are arranged in the up-and-down manner, maintaining the favorable packing modes of the alpha-helices. 0.19 AI, however, has two short antiparallel beta-strands. All 10 cysteine residues in 0.19 AI form disulfide bonds (C6-C52, C20-C41, C28-C83, C42-C99, and C54-C115), consistent with the assignments made biochemically for 0.28 AI from wheat kernel and by NMR analysis of the bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor from ragi seeds (RBI). The disulfide bond patterns in these AIs are similar to those in the hydrophobic protein from soybean (HPS), which lack only the bond corresponding to C28-C83 in 0.19 AI. Extensive interactions occurred between particular pairs of 0.19 AI subunits, mainly involving hydrophobic residues. Comparisons of the structures of 0.19 AI, RBI, and HPS showed that the arrangements of the major alpha-helices are similar but the conformations of the remaining residues differ markedly. The present X-ray analysis for 0.19 AI and the NMR analysis for RBI suggest that all the AIs in this family have a common fold. The alpha-amylase binding site is discussed on the basis of the tertiary and quaternary structures of 0.19 AI together with biochemical and spectroscopic data for AIs.
Using a touch-sensitive wristband for text entry on smart watches (2014)

The ongoing miniaturization of computing devices enabled smart watches with capabilities almost on par with smart phones. Due to immanent size restrictions smart watches require specifically designed input and output techniques. In particular, entering text is often needed when interacting with computers but the watches' small size excludes common input techniques. In this paper we propose a text entry technique using a touch sensitive wristband. Using the wristband requires no screen space besides displaying the current character and might enable cheaper devices. In an experiment we compare a linear keyboard and a multitap keyboard layout. We show that users type faster and make fewer errors using multitap. We argue that the inexpensive sensors enable the integration in low cost wearable watches that require text entry occasionally.
Polymer Transistor Performance Monitored by Terahertz Spectroscopy (2006)

Research on polymer-based transistors is leading to the development of flexible, printable circuitry, which were extremely cost effective to manufacture. However, the long-term performance of state-of-the-art polymer field effect transistors (pFETs) is limited by device degradation. We show that terahertz spectroscopy is an ideal tool to probe polymer device performance. Specifically we have monitored charge carrier trapping at the polymer-insulator boundary of a pFET. From these results we show that device degradation is primarily caused by a trapping of holes in the channel of the pFET, rather than by a change in hole mobility.
Self-Reported Exercise Behavior of Employees: A Validity Study (1989)

The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of different self-reported questions for measuring exercise behavior of 551 employees. Values of maximum oxygen intake, body mass index, muscular endurance, and a fitness profile, based on the individual results obtained from each of the three physiologic parameters, were used as validity criteria for the self-reported measures. The influence of fitness profile on the measures of exercise habits indicated that the fit employees reported a more active pattern of exercise behavior, participated in more strenuous physical activity, and expended a greater amount of energy in a typical week than the unfit employees. There was no gain obtained in explaining fitness categorization with a more elaborate method compared with a simple question in measuring exercise behavior. The results of the present study show that the suggested simple method (one question) for assessing exercise behavior of employees is valid and can be useful for nurses and company physicians when evaluating the baseline behavior of a group of employees to assess the impact of exercise promotion programs at the work site.
Nomades et jardins, stages internationaux et cultures identitaires : analyse des effets d'un partenariat de formation. (1997)

Chacun a en soi un jardin interieur, constitue de ce que l'on a vu et aime, auquel nous retournons sans cesse alors meme que nous parcourons l'espace et vivons au sein d'un monde etranger. Ce texte aborde la question complexe de l'alterite et de la formation ou ... de la formation et de l'alterite. Il repose sur l'analyse d'une experience de partenariat de formation par les stages internationaux, qui s'est etalee sur plusieurs annees et a laquelle ont participe plus de quatre-vingts professionnels et dirigeants. Une place importante est accordee a l'analyse des temoignages et a sa transposition au regard du partenariat et de l'apprentissage culturel au sein des organisations.
Wind Loading of Structures (2001)

Bridging the gap between wind and structural engineering, Wind Loading of Structures is essential reading for practising civil, structural and mechanical engineers, and graduate students of wind engineering, presenting the principles of wind engineering and providing guidance on the successful design of structures for wind loading by gales, hurrica
Impact of Downstream Ash Plasmas on Ultra Low-k Materials (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Safe Nonlinear Trajectory Generation for Parallel Autonomy With a Dynamic Vehicle Model (2017)

High-end vehicles are already equipped with safety systems, such as assistive braking and automatic lane following, enhancing vehicle safety. Yet, these current solutions can only help in low-complexity driving situations. In this paper, we introduce a parallel autonomy, or shared control, framework that computes safe trajectories for an automated vehicle, based on human inputs. We minimize the deviation from the human inputs while ensuring safety via a set of collision avoidance constraints. Our method achieves safe motion even in complex driving scenarios, such as those commonly encountered in an urban setting. We introduce a receding horizon planner formulated as nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), which includes the analytic descriptions of road boundaries and the configuration and future uncertainties of other road participants. The NMPC operates over both steering and acceleration simultaneously. We introduce a nonslip model suitable for handling complex environments with dynamic obstacles, and a nonlinear combined slip vehicle model including normal load transfer capable of handling static environments. We validate the proposed approach in two complex driving scenarios. First, in an urban environment that includes a left-turn across traffic and passing on a busy street. And second, under snow conditions on a race track with sharp turns and under complex dynamic constraints. We evaluate the performance of the method with various human driving styles. We consequently observe that the method successfully avoids collisions and generates motions with minimal intervention for parallel autonomy. We note that the method can also be applied to generate safe motion for fully autonomous vehicles.
New syntheses of pyrido[3,2‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1982)

Abstract New synthetic routes to pyrido[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidines starting with 5‐amino‐1,3,6‐trimethyluracil (I) or 1,3,6‐trimethyl‐5‐nitrouracil (X) are described. Thus, condensation of I with arylaldehydes gave 5‐arylideneamino‐1,3,6‐trimethyluracils (IIa‐h), which upon heating with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal afforded 6‐aryl‐1,3‐dimethylpyrido[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidine‐2,4(1 H ,3 H )‐diones (Va‐h) via 5‐arylideneamino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐6‐(2‐dimethylaminovinyl)uracils (IIIa‐h). On the other hand, reaction of X with phenylacetaldehyde in the presence of base yielded Va and its 5‐oxide (XI).
On load balancing for distributed multiagent computing (2002)

Multiagent computing on a cluster of workstations is widely envisioned to be a powerful paradigm for building useful distributed applications. The agents of the system span across all the machines of a cluster. Just like the case of traditional distributed systems, load balancing becomes an area of concern. With different characteristics between ordinary processes and agents, it is both interesting and useful to investigate whether conventional load-balancing strategies are also applicable and sufficient to cope with the newly emerging needs, such as coping with temporally continuous agents, devising a performance metric for multiagent systems, and taking into account the vast amount of communication and interaction among agent. This paper discusses the above issues with reference to agent properties and load balancing techniques and outlines the space of load-balancing design choices in the arena of multiagent computing. In view of the special agent characteristics, a novel communication-based load-balancing algorithm is proposed, implemented, and evaluated. The proposed algorithm works by associating a credit value with each agent. The credit of an agent depends on its affinity to a machine, its current workload, its communication behavior, and mobility, etc. When a load imbalance occurs, the credits of all agents are examined and an agent with a lower credit value is migrated to relatively lightly loaded machine in the system. Quasi-simulated experiments of this algorithm show load-balancing improvement compared with conventional workload-oriented load-balancing schemes.
Regulation of adipocyte differentiation (2001)

Once multipotent mesenchymal cells become committed to the adipoblast lineage, adipogenesis, the process of preadipocytes differentiation into adipocytes is initiated. This process starts with a phase of exponential growth of adipoblasts. Following confluence of these adipoblasts, the cells enter into a cell cycle arrest, they re-enter the cell cycle and pass through a limited number of cell divisions, and finally differentiate into fully mature adipocytes. Adipogenesis is controlled by a complex cross-talk between positive and negative regulators, such as hormonal and nutritional stimuli, that change the activity of a selected set of transcription factors. Regulation of adipogenesis is crucial to keep the body energy balance because a limited amount of adipose tissue, lipodystrophy, or an excess of adipose tissue, such as occurs in obesity, lead to profound metabolic dysfunctions and disease.