gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of the Unsaturated Complex [(C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ru<sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-H)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup>toward Phosphines:  Synthesis and Molecular Structure of the Dinuclear Cations [(C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ru<sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-PR<sub>2</sub>)(μ<sub>2</sub>-H)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>and Characterization of the P−C Bond Activation Intermediate [(C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ru<sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-PPh<sub>2</sub>)(μ<sub>2</sub>-H)(μ<sub>2</sub>-Ph)]<sup>+</sup> (2005)

The unsaturated trihydrido complex [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-H)3]+ reacts with diaryl- or dialkylphosphines PR2H to give the dinuclear cations [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-PR2)(μ2-H)2]+ (R= Ph, 1; R = t-Bu, 2). Surprisingly, complexes of the type [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-PR2)(μ2-H)2]+ with R = Ph (1), n-Bu (3), n-Oct (4) are also accessible in high yield from the reaction of [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-H)3]+ with the corresponding triaryl- or trialkylphosphine PPh3, P(n-Bu)3, or P(n-Oct)3 by carbon−phosphorus bond cleavage. A possible intermediate of the reaction with PPh3, [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-PPh2)(μ2-H)(μ2-Ph)]+ (5), could be isolated from the reaction mixture as the tetrafluoroborate salt, the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of which reveals a bridging phenyl ligand coordinated in an η1-μ2 fashion to the diruthenium backbone. With the mixed phosphine PMe2Ph, [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-H)3]+ reacts to give [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-PMe2)(μ2-H)2]+ (6) and the corresponding intermediate [(C6Me6)2Ru2(μ2-PMe2)(μ2-H)(μ2-Ph)]+ (7). All dinuclear cations are isolated as the tetrafluoroborate salts.
Nanomedicine: Break‐up of Two‐Dimensional MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets Promotes Ultrasensitive pH‐Triggered Theranostics of Cancer (Adv. Mater. 41/2014) (2014)

Exfoliated 2D MnO2 nanosheets described by J. Shi, L. Wang, and co-workers on page 7019, show a unique break-up nature in mild acidic microenvironment of tumor tissues, which could substantially enhance the in vitro and in vivo performances of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Such a pH-triggered break-up nature can also promote the fast release of loaded anticancer drugs for concurrent pH-responsive theranostics of cancer.
The Ovarian Cancer Chemokine Landscape Is Conducive to Homing of Vaccine-Primed and CD3/CD28–Costimulated T Cells Prepared for Adoptive Therapy (2015)

DC-primed tumor-specific T cells are armed with the appropriate receptors to migrate toward universal ovarian cancer chemokines, and these receptors are further upregulated by ex vivo CD3/CD28 costimulation, which render T cells more fit for migrating toward these chemokines. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2840-50. ©2015 AACR.
Cleavage and secretion is not required for Four-jointed function in <i>Drosophila</i> patterning (2004)

four-jointed (fj) is required for proximodistal growth and planar polarity in Drosophila tissues. It encodes a predicted type II transmembrane protein with putative signal peptidase sites in its transmembrane domain, and its C terminus is secreted. Fj has therefore been proposed to act as a secreted signalling molecule. We show that Fj protein has a graded distribution in eye and wing imaginal discs, and is largely localised to the Golgi in vivo and in transfected cells. Forms of Fj that are constitutively secreted or anchored in the Golgi were assayed for function in vivo. We find that cleavage and secretion of Fj is not necessary for activity,and that Golgi-anchored Fj has increased activity over wild type. fjhas similar phenotypes to those caused by mutations in the cadherin-encoding genes fat (ft) and dachsous (ds). We show that fj interacts genetically with ft and ds in planar polarity and proximodistal patterning. We propose that Fj may act in the Golgi to regulate the activity of Ft and Ds.
<i>In Vivo</i> Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of an FtsZ Inhibitor, TXA-709, and Its Active Metabolite, TXA-707, in a Murine Neutropenic Thigh Infection Model (2015)

Antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. Processes of cellular division are attractive targets for new drug development. FtsZ, an integral protein involved in cell cytokinesis, is a representative example. In the present study, the pharmacodynamic (PD) activity of an FtsZ inhibitor, TXA-709, and its active metabolite, TXA-707, was evaluated in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model against 5 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant isolates. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of the TXA-707 active metabolite were examined after oral administration of the TXA-709 prodrug at 10, 40, and 160 mg/kg of body weight. The half-life ranged from 3.2 to 4.4 h, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) were relatively linear over the doses studied. All organisms exhibited an MIC of 1 mg/liter. Dose fractionation demonstrated the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC (AUC/MIC ratio) to be the PD index most closely linked to efficacy (R(2) = 0.72). Dose-dependent activity was demonstrated against all 5 isolates, and the methicillin-resistance phenotype did not alter the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets. Net stasis was achieved against all isolates and a 1-log10 kill level against 4 isolates. PD targets included total drug 24-h AUC/MIC values of 122 for net stasis and 243 for 1-log10 killing. TXA-709 and TXA-707 are a promising novel antibacterial class and compound for S. aureus infections. These results should prove useful for design of clinical dosing regimen trials.
Disruption of the mouse inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase gene, associated lethality, and tissue distribution of 2-kinase expression (2005)

Many functions have been suggested for inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6), including mRNA export, nonhomologous end-joining, endocytosis, and ion channel regulation. However, it remains to be demonstrated that InsP6 is necessary for in vivo survival. We previously isolated a cDNA encoding the mammalian inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) 2-kinase (2-kinase), the enzyme that converts InsP5 to InsP6. We used the sequence to search the BayGenomics databases and identify an ES cell line (XA232) that has a gene trap construct embedded in the 2-kinase gene. We obtained a mouse from this line, produced heterozygotes, and confirmed that the heterozygotes contain the trapping construct and have diminished 2-kinase activity. Breeding the XA232 heterozygotes produced no homozygous offspring; thus, loss of 2-kinase is lethal in mice. Dissections of embryonic day-8.5 uteri yielded no homozygous embryos; thus, the mice die before day 8.5 postcoitum. The gene trap construct contains a beta-galactosidase/neomycin reporter gene, allowing us to stain heterozygotes for beta-galactosidase to determine tissue-specific expression of 2-kinase protein. 2-kinase is expressed in the hippocampus, the cortex, the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum in the brain, in cardiomyocytes, and in the testes of adult mice. At day 9.5 postcoitum, 2-kinase was expressed in the notochord, the ventricular layer of the neural tube, and the myotome of the somites. Intense staining was also seen in the yolk sac, suggesting that InsP6 is necessary for yolk sac development or function. Furthermore, failure of yolk sac development or function is consistent with the early lethality of 2-kinase embryos.
Randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational phase 2 study comparing edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, with warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (2010)

The primary objective of this study was to compare the safety of four fixed-dose regimens of edoxaban with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). In this 12-week, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational study, 1,146 patients with AF and risk of stroke were randomised to edoxaban 30 mg qd, 30 mg bid, 60 mg qd, or 60 mg bid or warfarin dose-adjusted to a target international normalised ratio of 2.0-3.0. The study was double-blind to edoxaban dose, but open-label to warfarin. Primary outcomes were occurrence of major and/or clinically relevant non-major bleeding and elevated hepatic enzymes and/or bilirubin. Mean age was 65 +/- 8.7 years and 64.4% were warfarin-naïve. Whereas major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding occurred in 3.2% of patients randomised to warfarin, the incidence of bleeding was significantly higher with the edoxaban 60 mg bid (10.6%; p=0.002) and 30 mg bid regimens (7.8%; p=0.029), but not with the edoxaban 60 mg qd (3.8%) or 30 mg qd regimens (3.0%). For the same total daily dose of 60 mg, both bleeding frequency and trough edoxaban concentrations were higher in the 30-mg bid group than in the 60-mg qd group. There were no significant differences in hepatic enzyme elevations or bilirubin values among the groups. The safety profiles of edoxaban 30 and 60 mg qd in patients with AF were similar to warfarin. In contrast, the edoxaban bid regimens were associated with more bleeding than warfarin. These results suggest that in this three-month study, edoxaban 30 or 60 mg qd are safe and well-tolerated.
Molecular analysis of chromosome 1 abnormalities in neuroblastoma (1989)

Tumor cells from 70% of neuroblastoma patients contain a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1, indicating that this chromosomal region includes a gene involved in tumor formation. To more precisely evaluate the boundaries and mechanisms involved in generating these deletions, we have examined four neuroblastoma cell lines using a combination of somatic cell hybridization, isozyme analysis, and nucleic acid hybridization employing both standard and restriction fragment length polymorphic probes. The data suggest that the truncation of chromosome 1 in these neuroblastomas was most likely due to a complex translocation and deletion mechanism rather than a simple unbalanced translocation or terminal or interstitial deletion. This conclusion is supported by the frequent removal of MYCL from the altered chromosome 1 to another chromosome. Furthermore, the data suggest that the frequency of breakpoints previously assigned by karyotypic analysis to bands other than 1p32 in neuroblastomas may be overestimated. Finally, this study identified a breakpoint at 1p32 that was localized between the genes JUN and MYCL for one neuroblastoma thus establishing the order of these genes as centromere, JUN, MYCL, telomere. We conclude that the observed breakpoints within chromosome 1p in human neuroblastoma are not as variable as previously described and suggest the results of this study provide evidence for the involvement of specific DNA sequences within 1p32 in the generation of neuroblastoma.
Photomask displacement technology for continuous profile generation by mask aligner lithography (2016)

5 S.
Synthesis of SF<sub>5</sub>-containing benzisoxazoles, quinolines, and quinazolines by the Davis reaction of nitro-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes (2013)

Meta- or para-nitro-(pentafluorosulfonyl)benzenes underwent the Davis reaction with arylacetonitriles to provide the SF5-containing benzisoxazoles. Good yields were obtained with arylacetonitriles containing the electron-neutral or electron-donor group, while those with the electron-acceptor group were found to be unreactive. Reductions of the benzisoxazoles gave ortho-aminobenzophenones in high yields. Their synthetic utility was demonstrated by condensation reactions with carbonyl compounds or amines to provide SF5-containing quinolines and quinazolines, respectively.
Synthesis of terephthalic acid via Diels-Alder reactions with ethylene and oxidized variants of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (2014)

Terephthalic acid (PTA), a monomer in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is obtained by the oxidation of petroleum-derived p-xylene. There is significant interest in the synthesis of renewable, biomass-derived PTA. Here, routes to PTA starting from oxidized products of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) that can be produced from biomass are reported. These routes involve Diels-Alder reactions with ethylene and avoid the hydrogenation of HMF to 2,5-dimethylfuran. Oxidized derivatives of HMF are reacted with ethylene over solid Lewis acid catalysts that do not contain strong Brønsted acids to synthesize intermediates of PTA and its equally important diester, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The partially oxidized HMF, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid (HMFA), is reacted with high pressure ethylene over a pure-silica molecular sieve containing framework tin (Sn-Beta) to produce the Diels-Alder dehydration product, 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid (HMBA), with 31% selectivity at 61% HMFA conversion after 6 h at 190 °C. If HMFA is protected with methanol to form methyl 5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate (MMFC), MMFC can react with ethylene in the presence of Sn-Beta for 2 h to produce methyl 4-(methoxymethyl)benzenecarboxylate (MMBC) with 46% selectivity at 28% MMFC conversion or in the presence of a pure-silica molecular sieve containing framework zirconium (Zr-Beta) for 6 h to produce MMBC with 81% selectivity at 26% MMFC conversion. HMBA and MMBC can then be oxidized to produce PTA and DMT, respectively. When Lewis acid containing mesoporous silica (MCM-41) and amorphous silica, or Brønsted acid containing zeolites (Al-Beta), are used as catalysts, a significant decrease in selectivity/yield of the Diels-Alder dehydration product is observed.
Cell phones as imaging sensors (2010)

Camera phones are ubiquitous, and consumers have been adopting them faster than any other technology in modern history. When connected to a network, though, they are capable of more than just picture taking: Suddenly, they gain access to the power of the cloud. We exploit this capability by providing a series of image-based personal advisory services. These are designed to work with any handset over any cellular carrier using commonly available Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Short Message Service (SMS) features. Targeted at the unsophisticated consumer, these applications must be quick and easy to use, not requiring download capabilities or preplanning. Thus, all application processing occurs in the back-end system (i.e., as a cloud service) and not on the handset itself. Presenting an image to an advisory service in the cloud, a user receives information that can be acted upon immediately. Two of our examples involve color assessment - selecting cosmetics and home décor paint palettes; the third provides the ability to extract text from a scene. In the case of the color imaging applications, we have shown that our service rivals the advice quality of experts. The result of this capability is a new paradigm for mobile interactions - image-based information services exploiting the ubiquity of camera phones.
Improving wireless devices identification using gray relationship classifier to enhance wireless network security (2018)

As the rapid development of wireless devices and the increasing of intrusion threats, the authentication of wireless network has become more and more important. Physical-layer security based on radio frequency fingerprinting is one of the most important method to enhance wireless network security. In this paper, firstly, we discuss the structure of wireless devices identification. Secondly, according to the structure, we analyze the methods of signal detection, feature extraction, feature dimension reduction, and classifier design. Finally, simulation results show that when the SNR>10dB, the classification of wireless devices is higher than 90%.
Enhancement of glycated chitosan in laser cancer treatment (2004)

Glycated chitosan (GC), a novel immunoadjuvant, has been used in combination with selective photothermal interaction in treatment of metastatic tumors. It has shown to be able to induce anti-tumor immunity and to enhance treatment efficacy. To further study the effects of glycated chitosan, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used as the mechanism of direct tumor killing. Specifically, Photofrin-based PDT was used to treat EMT6 mammary tumors in mice and mTHPC-based PDT was used to treat Line 1 lung tumors in mice. In both cases, GC was administered immediately after the PDT treatment around the treated tumors. With EMT6 tumors, the use of GC improved the PDT-mediated tumor cure rate from 37.5% to 62.5% with 0.1 ml of 0.5% GC solution and to 75% with 0.1 ml of 1.5% GC solution. With the Line 1 tumors, the non-curative PDT treatment was converted into a 37.5% cure-rate by using a post-PDT peritumoral injection of 0.09 ml of 1.67% GC solution. In comparison, the treatments with GC alone or GC plus PDT light (no photosensitizer) produced no tumor regression and had no influence on the tumor growth rate, when compared to non-treated control tumors. GC was also used for the treatment of B16 melanoma in mice, using a combination of in situ application of GC and an irradiation of an 805-nm laser. The survival rates of the mice bearing melanoma tumors increased significantly when the laser and GC were applied, particularly when GC was applied 24 hours prior to the laser irradiation. These results strongly suggested that glycated chitosan played a significant role in the treatment of tumors.
Rapid Countermeasure Discovery against Francisella tularensis Based on a Metabolic Network Reconstruction (2013)

In the future, we may be faced with the need to provide treatment for an emergent biological threat against which existing vaccines and drugs have limited efficacy or availability. To prepare for this eventuality, our objective was to use a metabolic network-based approach to rapidly identify potential drug targets and prospectively screen and validate novel small-molecule antimicrobials. Our target organism was the fully virulent Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis Schu S4 strain, a highly infectious intracellular pathogen that is the causative agent of tularemia and is classified as a category A biological agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We proceeded with a staggered computational and experimental workflow that used a strain-specific metabolic network model, homology modeling and X-ray crystallography of protein targets, and ligand- and structure-based drug design. Selected compounds were subsequently filtered based on physiological-based pharmacokinetic modeling, and we selected a final set of 40 compounds for experimental validation of antimicrobial activity. We began screening these compounds in whole bacterial cell-based assays in biosafety level 3 facilities in the 20th week of the study and completed the screens within 12 weeks. Six compounds showed significant growth inhibition of F. tularensis, and we determined their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations and mammalian cell cytotoxicities. The most promising compound had a low molecular weight, was non-toxic, and abolished bacterial growth at 13 µM, with putative activity against pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, encoded by gene coaD. The novel antimicrobial compounds identified in this study serve as starting points for lead optimization, animal testing, and drug development against tularemia. Our integrated in silico/in vitro approach had an overall 15% success rate in terms of active versus tested compounds over an elapsed time period of 32 weeks, from pathogen strain identification to selection and validation of novel antimicrobial compounds.
Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc Oxide on the Surface of Composite Membrane Polysulfone-Graphene-Polystyrene in the Presence of Water Soluble Polymers (2017)

The aim of this study consisted in the development of an alternative synthesis procedure for hybrid ultrafiltration membranes for water purification. The membranes were obtained by wet-phase inversion method based on aliquots of polysulfone (PSF) and graphene nanoplatelets modified with poly(styrene) (G-PST). The hybrid materials were modified by electrochemical deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) on one side of the membranes in the presence of water soluble polymers. Raman, XPS, and TGA analyses were used to characterize the chemical and thermal characteristics of the PST-G. SEM analysis showed the formation of asymmetric porous configuration in all cases and the generation of ZnO with different shapes/structures on the bottom surface of the membrane or inside the porous channels. EDS analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO.
Angiostatin and endostatin inhibit endothelial cell migration in response to FGF and VEGF without interfering with specific intracellular signal transduction pathways (2003)

The anti-angiogenic agents angiostatin and endostatin have been shown to affect endothelial cell migration in a number of studies. We have examined the effect of these agents on intracellular signalling pathways known to regulate endothelial cell migration and proliferation/survival. Both agents inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated migration of primary human microvascular endothelial cells and affected vascular formation in the embryoid body model. However, using phosphospecific antibodies we could not detect any effect of angiostatin or endostatin on phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), Akt/PKB, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK and p21-activated kinase (PAK) activity. Furthermore, using a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PAK pull-down assay, we could not detect any effect on Rac activity. We conclude that angiostatin and endostatin inhibit chemotaxis, without affecting intracellular signalling pathways known to regulate endothelial migration and proliferation/survival.
A novel environmental enrichment device improved broiler performance without sacrificing bird physiological or environmental quality measures (2019)

Modern commercial broilers have been genetically selected for fast growth and heavy breast muscling, contributing to a top-heavy phenotype and increased leg lameness. A quick-growing phenotype coupled with poor leg health fosters inactivity. The objective of this study was to stimulate broiler movement using novel environmental enrichment and determine the impact of movement on production, leg health, and environmental parameters. A total of 1,200 Ross 308 broilers were housed in 40 pens with 30 birds/pen for 6 wk in 2 separate rooms (laser enrichment or control). Each enrichment device was mounted above 2 adjoining pens, projected 2 independent, randomly moving laser beams at the floor to stimulate innate predatory behavior, and was active 4 times daily in 4-min periods. Performance outcomes were calculated by pen and averaged per bird for each performance period and overall days 0 to 42. A total of 70 randomly selected focal birds were examined for breast blisters and footpad dermatitis each week and euthanized on day 42 for tibia quality measures. Air quality and litter moisture were sampled by week. Laser-enriched pens had greater average bird feed intake in starter (P < 0.001), grower (P = 0.004), finisher periods (P = 0.004), and overall days 0 to 42 (0.19 kg/bird; P = 0.0003). Average bird weight gain was also increased in enriched pens in each performance period: starter (P = 0.043), grower (P = 0.001), finisher (P < 0.001), and overall days 0 to 42 (0.24 kg/bird; P < 0.001). Enriched pens had improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) vs. control with a decrease of 3 FCR points in the grower (P = 0.031), 18 points in the finisher (P < 0.001), and 7 points overall (P < 0.001). Enriched pens had higher ADG during starter (P = 0.048), finisher (P < 0.001), and overall (5.7 g/bird/d; P < 0.001). No differences were found in breast blister, footpad dermatitis, tibia, air, or litter quality measures (P > 0.05). In summary, a novel enrichment device based on bird visual feeding and predatory instincts positively affected performance through decreased FCR and increased ADG without sacrificing external animal-based measures, tibia quality, or air or litter quality.