gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-energy femtosecond fiber lasers (2008)

This article will review several new modes of pulse formation and propagation in fiber lasers. These modes exist with large normal cavity dispersion. Self-similar evolution can stabilize high-energy pulses in fiber lasers, and this leads to order-of-magnitude increases in performance: fiber lasers that generate 10-nJ pulses of 100-fs duration are now possible. Pulse-shaping based on spectral filtering of a phase-modulated pulse yields similar performance, from lasers that have no intracavity dispersion control. These new modes feature highly-chirped pulses in the laser cavity. Instruments based on these new pulse-shaping mechanisms offer performance that is comparable to that of solid-state lasers but with the major practical advantages of fiber.
Glass‐Ceramics by Photosensitive Processes (2015)

Glass‐ceramics constitute a unique set of materials as they hold the promise of producing interesting crystal‐like properties utilizing glass‐making capability. One property that would make them more interesting and useful would be whether they could be produced by a photosensitive process similar to that in special glasses. One such material already exists, namely Corning's photomachinable Fotoform ™ . In this study, we will describe two new photosensitive glass‐ceramic materials: (1) Fotoform as a tunable CTE material and (2) a new photosensitively produced nepheline phase glass‐ceramic.
282. Circumventing Hematopoietic Toxicities and Reversing Sickle Phenotype by Lineage-Specific BCL11A Knock Down and γ-Globin Induction (2016)

The fetal hemoglobin repressor BCL11A represents a therapeutic target for β-hemoglobinopathies as reduced expression of BCL11A leads to simultaneous increased γ-globin and reduced β-globin expression. Reversing this hemoglobin switch is particularly relevant in sickle cell disease to reduce the βS concentration and increase expression of the protective fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2). Here we show that despite use of optimized shRNAs embedded into a miRNA (shRNAmiR) architecture to reduce non-specific cellular toxicities (Guda et al. MT, 2015), the knockdown of BCL11A profoundly and specifically impaired long-term engraftment of both human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In competitive transplantation assays cells transduced with shRNAmiRs targeting the BCL11A mRNA were consistently underrepresented after hematopoietic reconstitution with gene modified HSCs. Although this effect was particularly pronounced in the B-cell compartment, it was also the case for all other assessed hematopoietic lineages. Mechanistically, while knock-down of BCL11A did not lead to a detectable phenotype in terms of apoptosis, growth or differentiation in human or mouse HSCs in vitro, a significant increase in S/G2-phase human HSCs after engraftment into NSG mice was found, a phenotype associated with stem cell exhaustion. To avoid this BCL11A-specific HSC toxicity, we suppressed BCL11A in erythroid cells in a lineage-specific fashion by using transcriptional regulatory elements derived from the β-globin locus. Utilizing this approach for the expression of the optimized shRNAmiRs led to stable long-term engraftment of mouse and human gene modified cells in congenic or NSG-mice, respectively. Transduced primary normal or sickle cell disease (SCD) human HSCs gave rise to erythroid cells with up to 90% reduction of BCL11A protein. These erythrocytes demonstrated 60-70% γ-chain expression and a corresponding increase in HbF at low vector copy numbers per cell (VCN<1.5). Similar results were obtained after in vitro differentiation of CD34+ cells harvested 16 weeks following engraftment in NSG mice. Transplantation of gene modified murine HSCs from BERK sickle cell mice led to a substantial improvement of sickle-associated hemolytic anemia and reticulocytosis, key phenotypes of SCD. In summary, we have shown an unexpected and severe toxicity of BCL11A knockdown in repopulating HSCs that has direct and important consequences for translation into human gene therapy trials. By utilizing erythroid lineage-specific and microRNA embedded expression of targeting shRNAs we demonstrate the capacity of lentivirus vectors to effect significant γ-globin induction leading to clinically relevant increases in HbF while obviating HSC toxicity.
Secure Extensibility for System State Extraction via Plugin Sandboxing (2019)

We introduce a new mechanism to securely extend systems data collection software with potentially untrusted third-party code. Unlike existing tools which run extension modules or plugins directly inside the monitored endpoint (the guest), we run plugins inside a specially crafted sandbox, so as to protect the guest as well as the software core. To get the right mix of accessibility and constraints required for systems data extraction, we create our sandbox by combining multiple features exported by an unmodified kernel. We have tested its applicability by successfully sandboxing plugins of an opensourced data collection software for containerized guest systems. We have also verified its security posture in terms of successful containment of several exploits, which would have otherwise directly impacted a guest, if shipped inside third-party plugins.
Circular Permutation of a Chaperonin Protein: Biophysics and Application to Nanotechnology (2004)

We have designed five circular permutants of a chaperonin protein derived from the hyperthermophilic organism Sulfolobus shibatae. These permuted proteins were expressed in E. coli and are well-folded. Furthermore, all the permutants assemble into 18-mer double rings of the same form as the wild-type protein. We characterized the thermodynamics of folding for each permutant by both guanidine denaturation and differential scanning calorimetry. We also examined the assembly of chaperonin rings into higher order structures that may be used as nanoscale templates. The results show that circular permutation can be used to tune the thermodynamic properties of a protein template as well as facilitating the fusion of peptides, binding proteins or enzymes onto nanostructured templates.
Aviation navigation feedback device (2016)

A strong emphasis on safety while operating vehicles, planes, and heavy machinery is essential. The operators, company, and public have a great interest in safety due to the concerns of public relations and customer well-being. This project details an aviation navigation feedback device (or “smart” ear seal coined “SmartSealz”) for pilots, who often face long working hours and stressful conditions. A working prototype has been produced that acquires the appropriate signals, processes them, and gives essential feedback through tactile actuators. These signals include air pressure, magnetic field strength, linear acceleration and angular velocity. Performance and efficiency were determined by using results from inflight navigation testing. Navigational signal acquisition circuits are being designed to meet or exceed Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) standards. From initial testing the current prototype was shown to be consistent with altitude feedback at elevations between 1700 and 8800 ft and had a 20-degree error when testing magnetic heading feedback. Ultimately, this “SmartSealz” device provides a solution to the safety implications resulting from fatigued or distracted operators.
Elevator Group Control with Destination Call Entry and Adaptive Control (2004)

We propose a new elevator group control method with destination call entry system for up-peak periods such as the morning peak in office buildings. This method can reduce the passengers’ average waiting time, by allocating an appropriate number of destination calls to each car. Also the real-time simulation is used to determine the optimal number of calls. The results of some simulations are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Three-dimensional measurement of multiple points using a TV camera with circular shifting apparatus (2001)

By setting a refractor with a certain angle against the optical axis of the CCD camera lens, the image of a measuring point recorded on the image plane is displaced by the corresponding amounts related to the distance between the camera and the measuring point. When the refractor that keeps the angle against the optical axis is rotated physically at high speed during the exposure of the camera, the image of a measuring point draws a circular streak. Since the size of the circular streak is inversely proportional to the distance between the camera and the measuring point, the 3D position of the measuring point can be obtained by processing the streak.
When the measuring point is moving against the camera, the measuring point draws a spiral streak on an image plane since the circular shift is added to the movement of the measuring point. The size of the spiral streak also concerns to the depth of the measuring point. The pitch of the spiral streak concerns to the velocity parallel to the image plane of the camera and the variation rate of the spiral size concerns to the velocity in the direction of the optical axis of the camera.
Optical bistability at 1.54µm in an Er 3+ -doped single-mode fibre laser (1986)

We report the first observation of optical bistability in a rare-earth doped single-mode fibre laser. Hysteresis has been obtained in the lasing characteristic of an Er3+-doped fibre laser operating at 1.54µm using the mechanism of saturable absorption
RF ESD protection strategies - the design and performance trade-off challenges (2006)

ESD protection strategies utilized in RF circuit applications in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies are investigated and the results are presented in this paper. The conventional approach using diodes with power clamp is compared with novel approaches such as plug-and-play passive elements and full or partial circuit-ESD co-design. The trade-offs are discussed from both RF and ESD point of views. Common problems as parasitic ESD current discharge paths and voltage overshoot are discussed and solutions are proposed
Genetic Composition of a High-Yielding Influenza A Virus Recombinant: A Vaccine Strain Against "Swine" Influenza (1976)

Analysis of the RNA migration pattern of a high-yielding influenza virus recombinant, X-53, used in vaccine production, reveals that only the two genes coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens were derived from the "swine" influenza virus parent. A/New Jersey/11/76, while six were acquired from the A/PR/8/34 (HON1) parent, donor of the high yield characteristic.
Cell-selective arrhythmia ablation for photomodulation of heart rhythm (2015)

Heart disease, a leading cause of death in the developed world, is overwhelmingly correlated with arrhythmias, where heart muscle cells, myocytes, beat abnormally. Cardiac arrhythmias are usually managed by electric shock intervention, antiarrhythmic drugs, surgery, and/or catheter ablation. Despite recent improvements in techniques, ablation procedures are still limited by the risk of complications from unwanted cellular damage, caused by the nonspecific delivery of ablative energy to all heart cell types. We describe an engineered nanoparticle containing a cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP) and a photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6), for specific delivery to myocytes. Specificity was confirmed in vitro using adult rat heart cell and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte and fibroblast cocultures. In vivo, the CTP-Ce6 nanoparticles were injected intravenously into rats and, upon laser illumination of the heart, induced localized, myocyte-specific ablation with 85% efficiency, restoring sinus rhythm without collateral damage to other cell types in the heart, such as fibroblasts. In both sheep and rat hearts ex vivo, upon perfusion of CTP-Ce6 particles, laser illumination led to the formation of a complete electrical block at the ablated region and restored the physiological rhythm of the heart. This nano-based, cell-targeted approach could improve ablative technologies for patients with arrhythmias by reducing currently encountered complications.
An <i>Escherichia coli</i> Expression Assay and Screen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Variants with Decreased Susceptibility to Indinavir (1998)

We have developed a recombinant Escherichia coli screening system for the rapid detection and identification of amino acid substitutions in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease associated with decreased susceptibility to the protease inhibitor indinavir (MK-639; Merck & Co.). The assay depends upon the correct processing of a segment of the HIV-1 HXB2 gag-pol polyprotein followed by detection of HIV reverse transcriptase activity by a highly sensitive, colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The highly sensitive system detects the contributions of single substitutions such as I84V, L90M, and L63P. The combination of single substitutions further decreases the sensitivity to indinavir. We constructed a library of HIV protease variant genes containing dispersed mutations and, using the E. coli recombinant system, screened for mutants with decreased indinavir sensitivity. The discovered HIV protease variants contain amino acid substitutions commonly associated with indinavir resistance in clinical isolates, including the substitutions L90M, L63P, I64V, V82A, L24I, and I54T. One substitution, W6R, is also frequently found by the screen and has not been reported elsewhere. Of a total of 12,000 isolates that were screened, 12 protease variants with decreased sensitivity to indinavir were found. The L63P substitution, which is also associated with indinavir resistance, increases the stability of the isolated protease relative to that of the native HXB2 protease. The rapidity, sensitivity, and accuracy of this screen also make it useful for screening for novel inhibitors. We have found the approach described here to be useful for the detection of amino acid substitutions in HIV protease that have been associated with drug resistance as well as for the screening of novel compounds for inhibitory activity.
Mid-Infrared Chemical Sensors On-a-Chip Using Air-clad Pedestal Silicon Waveguides (2013)

We demonstrate a chip-scale air-clad silicon pedestal waveguide as a Mid-Infrared sensor capable of in-situ monitoring of organic solvents. From changes in the waveguide mode intensities, identification of chemical compositions and concentrations is achieved.
A novel window based method for approximating the Hausdorff in 3D range imagery. (2004)

Matching a set of 3D points to another set of 3D points is an important part of any 3D object recognition system. The Hausdorff distance is known for it robustness in the face of obscuration, clutter, and noise. We show how to approximate the 3D Hausdorff fraction with linear time complexity and quadratic space complexity. We empirically demonstrate that the approximation is very good when compared to actual Hausdorff distances.
Structure−Activity Relationships of α-Ketooxazole Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (2007)

A systematic study of the structure-activity relationships of 2b (OL-135), a potent inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is detailed targeting the C2 acyl side chain. A series of aryl replacements or substituents for the terminal phenyl group provided effective inhibitors (e.g., 5c, aryl = 1-napthyl, Ki = 2.6 nM), with 5hh (aryl = 3-ClPh, Ki = 900 pM) being 5-fold more potent than 2b. Conformationally restricted C2 side chains were examined, and many provided exceptionally potent inhibitors, of which 11j (ethylbiphenyl side chain) was established to be a 750 pM inhibitor. A systematic series of heteroatoms (O, NMe, S), electron-withdrawing groups (SO, SO2), and amides positioned within and hydroxyl substitutions on the linking side chain were investigated, which typically led to a loss in potency. The most tolerant positions provided effective inhibitors (12p, 6-position S, Ki = 3 nM, or 13d, 2-position OH, Ki = 8 nM) comparable in potency to 2b. Proteome-wide screening of selected inhibitors from the systematic series of >100 candidates prepared revealed that they are selective for FAAH over all other mammalian serine proteases.
The Therapeutic Use of Natural-Killer Cells in Hematological Malignancies (2006)

The role of natural-killer (NK) cells in the treatment of hematological malignancies has been investigated intensively during the past three decades. Until recently, the majority of research has focused on the use of in vitro or in vivo cytokine-expanded and -activated NK cells against autologous cancer cells, with generally disappointing results. The lack of observed efficacy of past attempts to harness the antitumor effect of NK cells can now be explained largely by inhibitory interactions between major histocompatibility complex class I molecules expressed on tumor cells and inhibitory receptors on NK cells. Better appreciation of how NK cells selectively recognize and kill target cells while sparing normal cells is evolving. Major families of cell surface receptors that inhibit and activate NK cells to lyse target cells have been characterized, including killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, C-type lectins, and natural cytotoxicity receptors. In addition, identification of NK cell receptor ligands and their expression on normal and transformed cells is becoming better elucidated. The improved understanding of NK cell receptor biology has paved the way for development of novel and rational clinical approaches to manipulating receptor-ligand interactions for immunotherapy.
Fuzzy Fuel Flow Selection Logic for a Real Time Embedded Full Authority Digital Engine Control (2003)

The control logic of the modern full authority digital engine control is comprised of many control loops, each of which has a specific purpose. Typical control loops include (but are not limited to) a high or low rotor speed governor, an acceleration and deceleration loop, and various limiting loops for temperature, speed, fuel flow, and rate of change of fuel flow. The logic that determines which of these loops is “in control” at any particular time has a history of being very simplistic. This selection logic is usually nothing more that a cascade of minimum and maximum selection logic gates. Since this logic is so simplistic, the control engineer often has to “fine-tune” the compensator design for each loop, in order to achieve proper performance.
Fullerene‐Derivatized Amino Acids: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, and Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (2007)

A series of [60]fullerene-substituted phenylalanine (Baa) and lysine derivatives have been prepared by the condensation of 1,2-(4'-oxocyclohexano)fullerene with the appropriately protected (4-amino)phenylalanine and lysine, respectively. Conversion of the imine to the corresponding amine is achieved by di-acid catalyzed hydroboration. The reduction of the imine is not accompanied by hydroboration of the fullerene cage. The [70]fullerene phenylalanine derivative has also been prepared as have the di-amino acid derivatives. The compounds were characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy allowed the observation of diastereomers. Fullerene-substituted peptides may be synthesized on relatively large scale by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The presence of the C60-substituted amino acid in a peptide has a significant effect on the secondary structures and self-assembly properties of peptides as compared to the native peptide. The antioxidant assay of Baa and a Baa-derived anionic peptide was determined to be significantly more potent than Trolox.
Identification and Characterization of <i>TUP1</i>-Regulated Genes in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2000)

TUP1 encodes a transcriptional repressor that negatively controls filamentous growth in Candida albicans. Using subtractive hybridization, we identified six genes, termed repressed by TUP1 (RBT), whose expression is regulated by TUP1. One of the genes (HWP1) has previously been characterized, and a seventh TUP1-repressed gene (WAP1) was recovered due to its high similarity to RBT5. These genes all encode secreted or cell surface proteins, and four out of the seven (HWP1, RBT1, RBT5, and WAP1) encode putatively GPI-modified cell wall proteins. The remaining three, RBT2, RBT4, and RBT7, encode, respectively, an apparent ferric reductase, a plant pathogenesis-related protein (PR-1), and a putative secreted RNase T2. The expression of RBT1, RBT4, RBT5, HWP1, and WAP1 was induced in wild-type cells during the switch from the yeast form to filamentous growth, indicating the importance of TUP1 in regulating this process and implicating the RBTs in hyphal-specific functions. We produced knockout strains in C. albicans for RBT1, RBT2, RBT4, RBT5, and WAP1 and detected no phenotypes on several laboratory media. However, two animal models for C. albicans infection, a rabbit cornea model and a mouse systemic infection model, revealed that rbt1Delta and rbt4Delta strains had significantly reduced virulence. TUP1 appears, therefore, to regulate many genes in C. albicans, a significant fraction of which are induced during filamentous growth, and some of which participate in pathogenesis.
Physicochemical Characterization, and Relaxometry Studies of Micro-Graphite Oxide, Graphene Nanoplatelets, and Nanoribbons (2012)

The chemistry of high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents remains an active area of research. In this work, we demonstrate that the potassium permanganate-based oxidative chemical procedures used to synthesize graphite oxide or graphene nanoparticles leads to the confinement (intercalation) of trace amounts of Mn(2+) ions between the graphene sheets, and that these manganese intercalated graphitic and graphene structures show disparate structural, chemical and magnetic properties, and high relaxivity (up to 2 order) and distinctly different nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion profiles compared to paramagnetic chelate compounds. The results taken together with other published reports on confinement of paramagnetic metal ions within single-walled carbon nanotubes (a rolled up graphene sheet) show that confinement (encapsulation or intercalation) of paramagnetic metal ions within graphene sheets, and not the size, shape or architecture of the graphitic carbon particles is the key determinant for increasing relaxivity, and thus, identifies nano confinement of paramagnetic ions as novel general strategy to develop paramagnetic metal-ion graphitic-carbon complexes as high relaxivity MRI contrast agents.
A new extension method of retention time for memory cell on dynamic random access memory (2013)

Demands have been placed on a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) to not only have increased memory capacity and data transfer speed but also have reduced operating and standby currents. When a system uses a DRAM, a refresh operation is necessary because of its data retention time restriction: each bit of the DRAM is stored as an amount of electrical charge in a storage capacitor. Power consumption for the refresh operation increases in proportion to the memory capacity. A new method is proposed to reduce refresh power consumption dynamically when the full memory capacity is not required, by effectively extending the memory cell retention time. Conversion from 1 cell/bit to 2N cells/bit reduces the variation of retention time among memory cells. This method reduces the frequency of disturbance and its power consumption by two orders of magnitude. The conversion itself can be realized very simply from the structure of the DRAM array circuit, maintaining all conventional functions and operations in case of the full array access mode.