gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Osmotic-Release Methylphenidate on Height and Weight in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Following up to Four Years of Treatment (2011)

There is some controversy concerning \the potential negative influence of methylphenidate on growth. The authors reviewed clinical records of 187 patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder under treatment with methylphenidate. The patients' weight, height, and body mass index were measured at diagnosis and during 4 years of follow-up. The dose of methylphenidate was gradually increased up to 1.31 ± 0.2 mg/kg/d. At diagnosis, mean weight value was lower than mean weight expected for age by 0.697 kg. This difference increased to 4.274 kg (at 30 months of treatment), although it subsequently decreased to 1.588 kg (at 48 months of treatment). Mean value of height was lower than expected mean height for age by 0.42 cm at diagnosis. This difference increased to 2.69 cm (at 30 months of treatment), but it subsequently decreased to 0.83 cm (at 48 months of treatment). The relationship between nutritional status and the negative effects on the height curve in those patients would require nutritional optimization to return anthropometric variables to normal.
Coverage Analysis for Cellular Systems with Multiple Antennas Using Decode-and-Forward Relays (2007)

Placing relays around the base station (BS) to assist wireless communication is an effective way of extending coverage in cellular systems. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of coverage extension by using decode-and-forward (DF) relays. To describe the relation between the number of relays and the coverage range extension, we introduce the concept of coverage angle and coverage range. We provide analytical upper and lower bounds for the coverage range in a cellular system for any given coverage angle. By means of simulations, we show the tightness of our analytical approach.
Bilinear Modeling via Augmented Lagrange Multipliers (BALM) (2011)

This paper presents a unified approach to solve different bilinear factorization problems in computer vision in the presence of missing data in the measurements. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization where one of the factors must lie on a specific manifold. To achieve this, we introduce an equivalent reformulation of the bilinear factorization problem that decouples the core bilinear aspect from the manifold specificity. We then tackle the resulting constrained optimization problem via Augmented Lagrange Multipliers. The strength and the novelty of our approach is that this framework can seamlessly handle different computer vision problems. The algorithm is such that only a projector onto the manifold constraint is needed. We present experiments and results for some popular factorization problems in computer vision such as rigid, non-rigid, and articulated Structure from Motion, photometric stereo, and 2D-3D non-rigid registration.
Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3-Oxoglutaric Acid Derivatives via Solvent-Assisted Pinpoint Recognition of Carbonyls in Close Chemical Propinquity (2011)

Upon comparison of hydrogenation rates of various β-ketocarboxylic acid derivatives, β-ketoamides were found to be hydrogenated slightly faster than β-ketoesters in EtOH in the presence of [RuCl(benzene)(S)-SunPhos]Cl at 70 °C with 20 bar of hydrogen. In THF these differences were so sharpened that β-ketoamides were hydrogenated even faster than in EtOH while the esters were extremely slow. Based on these findings, a series of 3-oxoglutaric acid derived with ester and amide moieties on the two ends were hydrogenated to 3-hydroxyl products with high enantioselectivities.
Lateral and vertical dopant profiling in semiconductors by atomic force microscopy using conducting tips (1995)

The determination of the spatial distribution of charge carriers in semiconducting structures with an atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented. This new technique is based on the measurement of the spreading resistance of a conducting AFM tip on a sample as the tip is scanned over the surface. The high spatial resolution of this method allows for its application on the cross section of a device providing one-dimensional (vertical) and two-dimensional (lateral) profile information. First, a detailed study is presented regarding the properties of the tip (tip material and preparation, lifetime) and the evolution of I–V characteristics with pressure on uniformly doped silicon. From this work a model for the electric properties of the microcontact is deduced. It includes an ohmic contribution to the overall resistance that is related to the plastically deformed area, and contributions from a barrier as well as from tunneling. Through the determination of a calibration curve, whereby the resistance was measured on homogeneously doped substrates with varying resistivities, the quantification properties of the method are determined. Finally, this method has been applied for junction delineation on the cross section of a device. The results show a 50 nm resolution and a sufficient sensitivity to encompass a dynamic range of concentrations between 1014 and 1019 cm−3. These measurements were found to be in good agreement with those performed by the classical spreading resistance profiling technique and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
IMPACT OF ILLNESS AND NON-COMBAT INJURY DURING OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM AND ENDURING FREEDOM (AFGHANISTAN) (2005)

Historically, non-combat injuries and illnesses have had a significant impact on military missions. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence and impact of common ailments among U.S. military personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan during 2003-2004. Among 15,459 persons surveyed, diarrhea (76.8% in Iraq and 54.4% in Afghanistan), respiratory illness (69.1%), non-combat injuries (34.7%), and leishmaniasis (2.1%) were commonly reported. For all causes, 25.2% reported that they required intravenous fluids, 10.4% required hospitalization, and 5.2% required medical evacuation. Among ground units, 12.7% reported that they missed a patrol because of illness, and among air units, 11.7% were grounded because of illness. The incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections doubled from the pre-combat to combat phases, and the perceived adverse impact of these illnesses on the unit increased significantly during the combat phase. Despite technologic advances in warfare and preventive medicine, illness and non-combat injuries have been common during operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, resulting in frequent transient decreases in operational efficiency.
Inhibition of Rad3 DNA helicase activity by DNA adducts and abasic sites: implications for the role of a DNA helicase in damage-specific incision of DNA (1993)

The yeast nucleotide excision repair gene RAD3 is absolutely required for damage-specific incision of DNA. Rad3 protein is a DNA helicase, and previous studies have shown that its catalytic activity is inhibited by ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. This inhibition is observed when base damage is confined to the DNA strand on which Rad3 protein binds and translocates, and not when damage is present exclusively on the complementary strand. In the present study, we show that Rad3 DNA helicase activity is inhibited in an identical strand-specific fashion by bulky base adducts formed by treating DNA with the antineoplastic agent cisplatin or the antibiotic compound CC-1065, which alter the secondary structure of DNA in different ways. In addition, Rad3 helicase activity is inhibited by small adducts generated by treatment of DNA with diethyl sulfate and by the presence of sites at which pyrimidines have been lost (abasic sites). No inhibition of Rad3 helicase activity was detected when DNA was methylated at various base positions. Cisplatin-modified single-stranded DNA and poly(deoxyuridylic acid) containing abasic sites are more effective competitors for Rad3 helicase activity than their undamaged counterparts, suggesting that Rad3 protein is sequestered at such lesions, resulting in the formation of stable Rad3 protein-DNA complexes. The observations of strand-specific inhibition of Rad3 helicase activity and the formation of stable complexes with the covalently modified strand suggest a general mechanism by which the RAD3 gene product may be involved in nucleotide excision repair in yeast.
A dual-resonant terahertz metamaterial based on single-particle electric-field-coupled resonators (2008)

We report the design, fabrication, and measurement of a terahertz metamaterial composed of single geometry electric field coupled resonators that has two closely spaced electric resonances near 1.0 and 1.5THz. Due to the mutual coupling between the different resonances in the particle, the lower frequency resonance of this metamaterial is stronger than that in a metamaterial composed of identically sized single-resonant particles, leading to a larger insertion loss and broader bandwidth. This feature provides more flexibility in metamaterial design and application in the terahertz regime.
Advanced Customer Activity Prediction Based on Deep Hierarchic Encoder-Decoders (2019)

Product recommender systems and customer profiling techniques have always been a priority in online retail. Recent machine learning research advances and also wide availability of massive parallel numerical computing has enabled various approaches and directions of recommender systems advancement. Worth to mention is the fact that in past years multiple traditional "offline" retail business are gearing more and more towards employing inferential and even predictive analytics both to stock-related problems such as predictive replenishment but also to enrich customer interaction experience. One of the most important areas of recommender systems research and development is that of Deep Learning based models which employ representational learning to model consumer behavioral patterns. Current state of the art in Deep Learning based recommender systems uses multiple approaches ranging from already classical methods such as the ones based on learning product representation vector, to recurrent analysis of customer transactional time-series and up to generative models based on adversarial training. Each of these methods has multiple advantages and inherent weaknesses such as inability of understanding the actual user-journey, ability to propose only single product recommendation or top-k product recommendations without prediction of actual next-best-offer. In our work we will present a new and innovative architectural approach of applying state-of-the-art hierarchical multi-module encoder-decoder architecture in order to solve several of current state-of-the-art recommender systems issues. Our approach will also produce by-products such as product need-based segmentation and customer behavioral segmentation - all in an end-to-end trainable approach.
Preparation and Melting/Freezing Characteristics of Cu/Paraffin Nanofluid as Phase-Change Material (PCM) (2010)

A new sort of nanofluid phase-change material (PCM) is developed by suspending a small amount of nanoparticles in melting paraffin. Cu, Al, and C/Cu nanoparticles were selected to add to the melting paraffin to enhance the heat-transfer rate of paraffin. Cu nanoparticles have the best performance for heat transfer. Five dispersants were chosen to make Cu nanoparticles stably suspended in melting paraffin. The nanofluids with Cu nanoparticles show good stability in melting paraffin under the action of Hitenol BC-10, even suspending for 12 h in a constant temperature trough. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spentrum shows that it is a physical interaction among Cu, paraffin, and Hitenol BC-10. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results reveal that the latent heats of Cu/paraffin shift to lower values compared to those of pure paraffin; however, the melting and freezing temperatures are kept almost the same as pure paraffin. The latent heats and phase-change temperatures change very little after 100 thermal cycles. Furthermore, the heating and cooling rates of PCMs were significantly improved upon the addition of Cu nanoparticles. For composites with 1 wt % Cu nanoparticle, the heating and cooling times can be reduced by 30.3 and 28.2%, respectively.
Recent progress in immunohistology. (1980)

Almost four decades have passed since A lbert Coons and his co lleagues5 intro­ duced the fluorescent antibody techn ique in 1941. T he in terven ing years have w it­ nessed enorm ous advances not only in techn iques o f tissue prepara tion and the in troduction of new procedures for label­ ing antibodies, b u t also in re finem ent of basic m ethodology and equ ipm ent. It is no exaggeration to say that im m unocytochem ical procedures have becom e some o f the m ost w idely used tools in research today at bo th basic and clinical levels. In ­ deed , any cu rren t review o f this topic will be o f its very nature selective, since in recen t years there has b een a veritable explosion in the literature contain ing ref­ erences to the use of labeled an tibodies by investigators from a w ide variety of disci­ p lines.22’26,30 This review will a ttem pt to focus on some o f the m ore recen t advances in this field, and is a som ew hat personal account inasm uch as m any o f the exam-
Micro RNA Profiling (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs varying in length between 20 and 24 nucleotides. They are thought to play a key role during development by negative gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Recent studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and northern blot analysis have reported the presence of several miRNA unique to specific cell types. The NCode multispecies miRNA array provides a means for simultaneously profiling the expression patterns of hundreds of known miRNAs in a given cell type or biological sample. Using this method, miRNA expression patterns in embryonic and adult stem cell lines can be characterized and compared with each other. The accuracy of NCode miRNA array data can be further confirmed by QPCR analysis of putative array hits. This array-based screening platform is a fast and easy to use analytical tool that allows one to asses the state of stem cell lines following multiple passages in culture as well as a discovery tool that eliminates the need to screen large numbers of candidate regulatory miRNAs by northern blot or PCR. In this chapter, we describe in detail the method to carry out miRNA array analysis in human embryonal carcinoma cells and confirm the array results using QPCR.
SET and SSL: electronic payments on the Internet (2002)

This paper presents a service architecture that combines SET and SSL to provide a lightweight secure electronic commerce system. Although both protocols secure data over an open network like the Internet, they differ in their mode of operation. SET defines secure transaction-oriented exchanges for payment systems whereas SSL secures point-to-point communications. SET and SSL are complementary and the combined architecture permits a gradual introduction of SET services by reducing the need for cardholder certification.
Rewritable Switching of One Diode–One Resistor Nonvolatile Organic Memory Devices (2009)

One diode–one resistor (1D–1R) hybrid-type devices consisting of an inorganic Schottky diode and an organic unipolar memory show electrically rewritable switching characteristics as well as rectifying properties. The 1D–1R array architecture improves the sensing efficiency of the array memory cell, ultimately creating the possibility for high-density integrated organic memory devices without restrictions due to cross-talk between cells.
Asymmetry in the SiO2 tunneling barriers to electrons and holes (1980)

The potential barriers of ultrathin (%40 Å) SiO2 layers to electrons and holes tunneling between the semiconductor and the metal have been measured independently on the same MOS samples by a new experimental technique introduced in this paper. The method combines dark measurements of current and capacitance versus voltage with measurements of photocurrent suppression under optical illumination. The results show that the tunneling barriers for holes are consistently much larger than those for electrons.
High-efficiency, 10 GHz bandwidth resonant-cavity-enhanced silicon photodetectors operating at 850 nm wavelength (2002)

We present RCE Si pin photodetectors capable of quantum efficiency of /spl sim/40% and bandwidth of /spl sim/10 GHz at 850 nm with a buried distributed Bragg reflector fabricated by means of a double-SOI technique. The reflecting wafers are commercially reproducible and have single crystalline silicon device layers for fabricating silicon RCE photodiodes with high bandwidth efficiencies as well as low dark current. These wafers are well suited for VLSI integration and are compatible with standard CMOS processing making them ideal for monolithic integration of receiver circuits with photodetectors.
Genomewide association study in cervical dystonia demonstrates possible association with sodium leak channel (2013)

Dystonia is a common movement disorder. A number of monogenic causes have been identified. However, the majority of dystonia cases are not explained by single gene defects. Cervical dystonia is one of the commonest forms without genetic causes identified. This pilot study aimed to identify large effect-size risk loci in cervical dystonia. A genomewide association study (GWAS) was performed. British resident cervical dystonia patients of European descent were genotyped using the Illumina-610-Quad. Comparison was made with controls of European descent from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium using logistic regression algorithm from PLINK. SNPs not genotyped by the array were imputed with 1000 Genomes Project data using the MaCH algorithm and minimac. Postimputation analysis was done with the mach2dat algorithm using a logistic regression model. After quality control measures, 212 cases were compared with 5173 controls. No single SNP passed the genomewide significant level of 5 × 10(-8) in the analysis of genotyped SNP in PLINK. Postimputation, there were 5 clusters of SNPs that had P value <5 × 10(-6) , and the best cluster of SNPs was found near exon 1 of NALCN, (sodium leak channel) with P = 9.76 × 10(-7) . Several potential regions were found in the GWAS and imputation analysis. The lowest P value was found in NALCN. Dysfunction of this ion channel is a plausible cause for dystonia. Further replication in another cohort is needed to confirm this finding. We make this data publicly available to encourage further analyses of this disorder.
Looking for Hand Biometrics Interoperability (2011)

Identification of people through hand based biometrics has been extensively researched by different scientific groups due to its simplicity, reliability, and acceptability. In fact, a great amount of proposal based on different procedures and acquisition devices has been published in the literature. However, the interoperability among them has been barely studied. This paper tries to fill this gap by proposing procedures to improve the interoperability among different hand biometric systems. The experiments has been conducted on a database composed by 5400 hand images acquired with 6 different hand-shape biometric approaches including flat scanner, webcams at different wavelengths, high quality cameras, and contactless devices including acquisitions on both sides of the hand. Our results suggest we are in the way to reach acceptable results of interoperability.
Citrus Huanglongbing is a pathogen-triggered immune disease that can be mitigated with antioxidants and gibberellin (2022)

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus, caused by the phloem-colonizing bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Here, we present evidence that HLB is an immune-mediated disease. We show that CLas infection of Citrus sinensis stimulates systemic and chronic immune responses in phloem tissue, including callose deposition, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and induction of immunity-related genes. The infection also upregulates genes encoding ROS-producing NADPH oxidases, and downregulates antioxidant enzyme genes, supporting that CLas causes oxidative stress. CLas-triggered ROS production localizes in phloem-enriched bark tissue and is followed by systemic cell death of companion and sieve element cells. Inhibition of ROS levels in CLas-positive stems by NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) indicates that NADPH oxidases contribute to CLas-triggered ROS production. To investigate potential treatments, we show that addition of the growth hormone gibberellin (known to have immunoregulatory activities) upregulates genes encoding H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-scavenging enzymes and downregulates NADPH oxidases. Furthermore, foliar spray of HLB-affected citrus with gibberellin or antioxidants (uric acid, rutin) reduces H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations and cell death in phloem tissues and reduces HLB symptoms. Thus, our results indicate that HLB is an immune-mediated disease that can be mitigated with antioxidants and gibberellin.
All-dielectric reflection gratings: a study of the physical mechanism for achieving high efficiency (2003)

The physical mechanism for the all-dielectric reflection gratings to achieve high efficiency in the -1st-order Littrow mounting is studied. The all-dielectric gratings consist of two parts, a surface-relief grating and a highly reflecting dielectric stack. The surface-relief grating sits on top of the reflecting stack. A simple analytical expression for diffraction efficiency is obtained in terms of the S-matrix elements of the two parts. By analyzing the expression we show that the diffraction can be interpreted as the interference of a symmetric wave and an antisymmetric wave. The conditions for achieving high diffraction efficiency are also identified. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical computations.
G2RL: Geometry-Guided Representation Learning for Facial Action Unit Intensity Estimation (2020)

Facial action unit (AU) intensity estimation aims to measure the intensity of different facial muscle movements. The external knowledge such as AU co-occurrence relationship is typically leveraged to improve performance. However, the AU characteristics may vary among individuals due to different physiological structures of human faces. To this end, we propose a novel geometry-guided representation learning (G2RL) method for facial AU intensity estimation. Specifically, our backbone model is based on a heatmap regression framework, where the produced heatmaps reflect rich information associated with AU intensities and their spatial distributions. Besides, we incorporate the external geometric knowledge into the backbone model to guide the training process via a learned projection matrix. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method is comparable with the state-of-the-art approaches, and validate the effectiveness of incorporating external geometric knowledge for facial AU intensity estimation.
Solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides using 9-fluorenylmethorycarbunyl (Fmoc) for 5′-hydroryl protection (1989)

Efficient solid-phase synthesis of a series of oligoribonucleotides of up to 20 residues is described that utilises the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group (Fmoc) for 5'-protection and 4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl (Mthp) for 2'-protection of ribonucleotide monomers and a phosphoramidite coupling procedure. The Fmoc group is removed after each coupling step by treatment with 0.1M DBU in acetonitrile. Oligoribonucleotides are isolated in 2'-protected form in good yield and shown to be readily and efficiently deprotected by mild acidic treatment.