gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Profiling of Human Colorectal Cancer Using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS NMR) Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) (2008)

Current clinical strategy for staging and prognostication of colorectal cancer (CRC) relies mainly upon the TNM or Duke system. This clinicopathological stage is a crude prognostic guide because it reflects in part the delay in diagnosis in the case of an advanced cancer and gives little insight into the biological characteristics of the tumor. We hypothesized that global metabolic profiling (metabonomics/metabolomics) of colon mucosae would define metabolic signatures that not only discriminate malignant from normal mucosae, but also could distinguish the anatomical and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. We applied both high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze metabolites in biopsied colorectal tumors and their matched normal mucosae obtained from 31 CRC patients. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models generated from metabolic profiles obtained by both analytical approaches could robustly discriminate normal from malignant samples (Q(2) > 0.50, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) AUC >0.95, using 7-fold cross validation). A total of 31 marker metabolites were identified using the two analytical platforms. The majority of these metabolites were associated with expected metabolic perturbations in CRC including elevated tissue hypoxia, glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, inflammation and steroid metabolism. OPLS-DA models showed that the metabolite profiles obtained via HR-MAS NMR could further differentiate colon from rectal cancers (Q(2)> 0.60, ROC AUC = 1.00, using 7-fold cross validation). These data suggest that metabolic profiling of CRC mucosae could provide new phenotypic biomarkers for CRC management.
Expression of annexins as a function of cellular growth state. (1990)

Annexins are a structurally related family of Ca2+ binding proteins of undertermined biological function. Annexin I (also called lipocortin 1) is a substrate for the EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase and is postulated to be involved in mitogenic signal transduction. To investigate further the involvement of lipocortin 1 in cell proliferation, we measured lipocortin 1 levels in normal diploid human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) to determine whether its expression changed as a function of growth status. For comparison, the expression of annexin V (also called endonexin II) was measured in HFF cells. Endonexin II is a protein with similar Ca2+ and phospholipid binding properties as lipocortin 1, but it is not a substrate for tyrosine kinases. Quiescent HFF cell cultures were induced to proliferate by either subculture to lower cell density, EGF stimulation, or serum stimulation. In all three protocols, proliferating HFF cells contained three- to fourfold higher levels of lipocortin 1 and three- to fourfold lower levels of endonexin II than quiescent HFF cells. In contrast, the expression of annexin II (also called calpactin I) and annexin IV (also called endonexin I) remained relatively unchanged in growing and quiescent HFF cells. Lipocortin 1 synthesis rate was eightfold higher and its turnover rate was 1.5-fold slower in proliferating compared to quiescent HFF cells. Endonexin II synthesis rate remained constant but its turnover rate was 2.2-fold faster in proliferating compared to quiescent HFF cells. In a separate set of experiments, annexin expression levels were measured in cultures of rat PC-12 cells, a pheochromocytoma that ceases proliferation and undergoes reversible differentiation into nondividing neuronlike cells in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). After NGF treatment, PC-12 cells expressed fivefold higher levels of endonexin II and 32-fold higher levels of calpactin 1. Lipocortin 1 and endonexin I were not expressed in PC-12 cells. In summary, lipocortin 1 expression exhibited a positive correlation with cell proliferation in HFF cells. The increased expression of endonexin II in quiescent HFF cells and differentiating PC-12 cells implies that this protein may play a more prominent role in nondividing cells.
Smart Airport Pavement Instrumentation and Health Monitoring (2014)

Realistic characterization of pavement layer properties and responses under in-situ field conditions is critical for accurate airport pavement life predictions, planning pavement management activities as well as for calibration and validation of mechanistic-based pavement response prediction models. The recent advancements in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensor (MEMS)/Nano-Electro-Mechanical Sensor (NEMS) technologies and wireless sensor networks combined with efficient energy scavenging paradigms provide opportunities for long-term, continuous, real-time response measurement and health monitoring of transportation infrastructure systems.\nThis paper presents a summary review of some recent studies that have focused on the development of advanced smart sensing and monitoring systems for highway pavement system with potential applications for long-term airport pavement health monitoring. Some examples of these potential applications include: the use of wireless Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags for determining thermal gradients in pavement layers; self-powered MEMS/NEMS multifunction sensor system capable of real-time, remote monitoring of localized strain, temperature and moisture content in airport pavement that will eventually prevent catastrophic failures such as blow-ups on runways during heat waves.
Crucial role of pancreatic ductal collagenase injection for isolation of pancreatic islets. (1990)

We have been stressing the advantage of stationary digestion because of its simplicity and reproducible high yields of viable islets. In the present study optimal conditions of stationary in vitro collagenase digestion in mice and rats were examined. We also compared two possible routes for collagenase injection; ductal (PD) and portal venous (PV) based on subsequent islet yield and ability to reverse diabetes in rats. Three parameters which affect the quality of digestion are 1) collagenase concentration, 2) incubation time and 3) digestion temperature. Suitable conditions were easily determined and reproducible high yield of islets could be consistently obtained. The islets from one mouse pancreas (approximately 200 islets) could consistently restore normoglycemia in one STZ-induced diabetic mouse and the islets from one rat pancreas (500-600 islets) can restore normoglycemia in 5-6 STZ-induced diabetic mice within a couple of days. Islet yield in the PD method was greater than that in the PV method, and insulin release from PD islets in response to high glucose was well preserved after 24 hours of culture when compared to PV islets. The ability to restore normoglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice was well preserved when transplanting 100 PD islets as compared with the same number of PV islets. The PD islets revealed a well preserved structure with healthy endocrine cells, while the PV islets showed a dilated capillary network and distorted endocrine cell continuity. Histological examination of digested tissue following PD injection showed the complete destruction of pancreatic exocrine tissue, as well as mechanical separation and digestion of interstitial tissue between the islets and exocrine tissue, with the islet being preserved selectively intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship of Hydroxamate Concentration in Maize and Field Reaction to <i>Helminthosporium turcicum</i><sup>1</sup> (1978)

In 1959, the cyclic hydroxamate 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐l,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMOBA) was first reported maize ( Zea mays L.) and has since been implicated in resistance to several pathogens. In our study, 14 inbred lines of maize commonly used as parents of many hybrids in the United States, plus the genotypes BxBx and bxbx were utilized to test the relationship of concentrations of hydroxamates and resistance to Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. in the field. One set of the 16 inbreds was analyzed for hydroxamates nondestructively by a rapid procedure using steam tissue from seedlings 36 to 40 cm high. The same set of inbred lines was similarly analyzed at mid‐silking stage by Hamilton's procedure using leaf tissue. A second set of the 16 inbred lines was inoculated in the field with spore suspensions of H. turcicum and evaluated for resistance at mid‐silking stage using a visual rating scale. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.76, dr. = 43) was obtained between concentrations of hydroxamates in stem tissue from the seedlings and hydroxamate concentrations in leaf tissue at mid‐silking stage. A significant correlation (r = 0.57, dr. = 46) was obtained between concent.rations of hydroxamates in seedling stem tissue and resistance to H. turcicum . Similarly, a highly significant correlation (r = 0.64. df. = 43) was obtained between hydroxamate concentrations in leaf tissue of inbreds at mid‐silking stage and resistance to H. turcicum .
Rates and equilibria of alkaline-earth-metal complexes with diaza crown ethers in methanol (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates and equilibria of alkaline-earth-metal complexes with diaza crown ethers in methanolB. G. Cox, P. Firman, I. Schneider, and H. SchneiderCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 22, 4018–4021Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00295a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00295a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>F/A-18D (RC)/ATARS flight test update</title> (1995)

In June 1994, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps restructured the F/A-18D (RC) ATARS program. McDonnell Douglas Aerospace was selected as the prime contractor responsible for overall program management and integration of the ATARS with the F/A-18D (RC) weapon system. Loral Fairchild Systems (LFS) was selected as the subcontractor responsible for ATARS subsystem development and integration. The first part of the restructured program was called Element One and was a ten month risk reduction program ending in April 1995. The primary objective of Element One was to resolve the critical ATARS anomalies found during previous flight testing. In order to resolve these anomalies, MDA and LFS concurred that additional flight test data was required. In November/December 1994, eight flights were flown with a high fidelity instrumentation system to gather the additional data required for evaluation of the anomalies. Using this data, along with previously collected data, design 'fixes' were implemented to correct several of the system anomalies. In April 1995 and May 1995, approximately four flight tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of these design 'fixes.' A period of two months for flight tests was planned for July-August 1995 to complete this evaluation. This presentation describes the testing and results through May 1995 of the Element One flight test program.
Continuous Influenza Virus Production in Cell Culture Shows a Periodic Accumulation of Defective Interfering Particles (2013)

Influenza viruses are a major public health burden during seasonal epidemics and a continuous threat due to their potential to cause pandemics. Annual vaccination provides the best protection against the contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. However, the current production capacities for influenza vaccines are insufficient to meet the increasing demands. We explored the possibility to establish a continuous production process for influenza viruses using the duck-derived suspension cell line AGE1.CR. A two-stage bioreactor setup was designed in which cells were cultivated in a first stirred tank reactor where an almost constant cell concentration was maintained. Cells were then constantly fed to a second bioreactor where virus infection and replication took place. Using this two-stage reactor system, it was possible to continuously produce influenza viruses. Surprisingly, virus titers showed a periodic increase and decrease during the run-time of 17 days. These titer fluctuations were caused by the presence of defective interfering particles (DIPs), which we detected by PCR. Mathematical modeling confirmed this observation showing that constant virus titers can only emerge in the absence of DIPs. Even with very low amounts of DIPs in the seed virus and very low rates for de novo DIP generation, defective viruses rapidly accumulate and, therefore, represent a serious challenge for continuous vaccine production. Yet, the continuous replication of influenza virus using a two-stage bioreactor setup is a novel tool to study aspects of viral evolution and the impact of DIPs.
QoS-oriented packet scheduling for wireless multimedia CDMA communications (2004)

In the third-generation (and beyond) wireless communication systems, there will be a mixture of different traffic classes, each having its own transmission rate characteristics and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, a QoS-oriented medium access control (MAC) protocol with fair packet loss sharing (FPLS) scheduling is proposed for wireless code-division multiple access (CDMA) communications. The QoS parameters under consideration are the transmission bit error rate (BER), packet loss, and delay requirements. The MAC protocol exploits both time-division and code-division statistical multiplexing. The BER requirements are guaranteed by properly arranging simultaneous packet transmissions and controlling there transmit power levels, whereas the packet loss and delay requirements are guaranteed by proper packet scheduling. The basic idea of FPLS is to schedule the transmission of multimedia packets in such a way that all the users have a fair share of packet loss according to their QoS requirements, which maximizes the number of the served users under the QoS constraints. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the FPLS scheduler, in comparison with other previously proposed scheduling algorithms.
Hormone‐induced expression of the <i>CHSl</i> gene from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1989)

When MATa cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been treated with the mating hormone alpha-factor an increase in chitin synthase zymogen, as well as chitin content in the cell-wall fraction, have been reported. With a DNA probe derived from the cloned CHS1 gene that codes for chitin synthase I [Bulawa, C. E., Slater, M., Cabib, E., Au-Young, J., Sburlati, A., Adair, W. L. and Robbins, P. (1986) Cell 46, 213-225] a Northern analysis was conducted of CHS1-specific transcripts. alpha-Factor-treated MATa cells revealed more than sixfold elevated steady-state levels of CHS1 mRNA as compared to control cells. MAT alpha cells responded the same way when treated with a-factor although induction rate was somewhat smaller. After hormone application a rapid increase in CHS1 mRNA levels could be observed that occurred also in the absence of ongoing protein synthesis. In order to minimize possible side effects of CHS1-coding sequences on expression and mRNA stability a CHS1::SUC2 chimaeric gene was constructed where 730 bp of the CHS1 promoter region (+20 bp of the coding region) were fused in frame to a fragment of the SUC2 coding region. The fusion protein exhibits invertase activity that has been used to monitor CHS1 promoter activity. By analysis of shortened versions of the CHS1 promoter a 94-bp DNA fragment has been identified that confers hormone inducibility to the CHS1 promoter. According to the published sequence of the CHS1 gene, this fragment contains four repeats of a TGAAACA consensus sequence previously identified in the alpha-factor-inducible BAR1 promoter [Kronstad, J. W., Holly, J. A. and MacKay, V. L. (1987) Cell 50, 369-377]. This heptamer may represent the cis-acting element involved in mating-hormone-mediated gene expression in yeast.
Commutability of reference materials in clinical chemistry. (1993)

The term commutability applied to reference materials denotes the ability of the material to show interassay changes comparable to those observed in the measurement of the same analyte in human serum. In this study commutability was studied by first establishing the relationship between the results obtained on patient serum samples with two independent methods for a given analyte. Then, the calibration or control material was assayed with the same pair of methods, and its interassay bias was statistically compared with that shown by patient sera. The results obtained in 27 experiments showed that the frequencies of noncommutability in the measurement of some nonenzymic organic components, enzymes, and inorganic ions were, respectively, 25/83, 44/99, and 32/61. The impact of noncommutability of the materials on the results of external quality assessment schemes (EQAS), matrix interferences, and the behavior of particular components are considered. The conclusion drawn is that each material should be tested for commutability before it is used as a reference material.
An Empirical Comparison of the Four Channel Flow Model and Adventure Experience Paradigm (2003)

The objective of this study was to conduct empirical comparisons between two models of optimal experience within an on-site whitewater kayaking setting using a modification of the Experience Sampling Method. Four concerns are examined: (1) differences in explanatory power between the four channel flow model and the Adventure Experience Paradigm, (2) convergent validity among measures used to determine conditions within these models, (3) differences among measures of perceived challenge and risk between test times of Class I-V river difficulty, and (4) differences among measures of perceived skill and competence between test times of Class I-V river difficulty. Questionnaires were administered in the Cheat River Canyon in West Virginia to 52 whitewater kayakers at eight sites of various levels of river difficulty. Data were analyzed at the experience level, rather than between subjects, using 409 experience sampling observations. Hypothesis testing, performed with statistical analyses (stepwise regression, correlations, and repeated measures ANOVA), suggested that the explanatory powers of the four channel flow model and Adventure Experience Paradigm were similar and indicated support for convergent and ecological validity of measures used to determine conditions within each of the two models.
Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings (2008)

Female Aedes aegypti are vectors of dengue and yellow fever. Odor volatiles are the predominant cues that drive the host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti. Odorant molecules are detected and discriminated by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in sensory hairs, sensilla, located on the antennae and maxillary palps. In a previous study, we used odor volatiles that are behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically active for Ae. aegypti and other mosquito species to show that antennal ORNs of female Ae. aegypti are divided into functionally different classes. In the present study, we have, for the first time, conducted gas chromatography-coupled single sensillum recordings (GC-SSR) from antennal trichoid and intermediate sensilla of female Ae. aegypti in order to screen for additional putative host attractants and repellents. We used headspace collections from biologically relevant sources, such as different human body parts (including feet, trunk regions and armpit), as well as a plant species used as a mosquito repellent, Nepeta faassenii. We found that a number of ORN types strongly responded to one or more of the biological extracts. GC-SSR recordings revealed several active components, which were subsequently identified through GC-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electrophysiologically active volatiles from human skin included heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal.
Growth hormone transgenes regulate the expression of sex-specific isoforms of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-->4-isomerase in mouse liver and gonads (1993)

The sexually dimorphic pattern of GH secretion regulates the expression of several steroidogenic enzymes in rat liver, including a male-specific 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5—>4-isomerase (3 beta HSD). Recently, we identified male-specific isoforms of immunoreactive 3 beta HSD in mouse liver [42 kilodaltons (kDa)] and gonads (47 kDa). To test whether GH can regulate the expression of these murine 3 beta HSDs, endogenous forms of 3 beta HSD were studied in transgenic mice expressing heterologous GH transgene products. Mice from five transgenic lines were used; two expressed GH transgenes encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter fused to either the human (h) GH (somatogenic and lactogenic) or bovine (b) GH (somatogenic) structural genes, and three expressed GH transgenes encoding the mouse metallothionein-1 (MT1) promoter fused to the hGH, hGH variant (hGHv), or bGH structural genes. Control mice were normal nontransgenic littermates. Expression of a male-specific (42 kDa) isoform of hepatic 3 beta HSD is dramatically suppressed in all transgenic mouse lines, as detected on Western immunoblots, without affecting a 47-kDa isoform expressed in livers of both male and female mice. This negative regulation was not observed in mouse kidney, which normally expresses two 3 beta HSD isoforms (in both sexes) with molecular masses similar to those in liver. Considering that PEPCK and MT1 promoters direct expression of GH fusion genes in both tissues, the inhibition of hepatic, but not renal, 3 beta HSD immunoreactivity suggests that GH affects sex-specific, rather than tissue-specific, expression of 3 beta HSD. As in the liver, sex-specific expression of 3 beta HSD in the testis is also suppressed by heterologous GH, but with one notable difference. Only human-derived GH (MT1-hGH and MT1-hGHv) effectively inhibits expression of the 47-kDa sex-specific isoform of testicular 3 beta HSD, without affecting the 44-kDa isoform expressed in gonads of both male and female mice. These results suggest that the negative effects of heterologous GH on sex-specific 3 beta HSDs may be mediated by PRL receptors in the testis and GH receptors in the liver. PEPCK-GH transgenes had little effect on testicular 3 beta HSD, possibly because this promoter (unlike MT1) is relatively inactive in this tissue. In the liver of male transgenics (PEPCK-hGH), loss of the sex-specific (42-kDa) 3 beta HSD has little effect on the Km for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 11 microM) compared with that in normal controls (16 microM).
Ensuring Success with Program Reflection (2010)

Present a framework for program reflection Share ideas and tools Provide an opportunity to adapt for your program