gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of99mTc-labeled organo-germanium nanoparticles and theirin vivo study as a spleen imaging agent (2006)

99mTc-Labeled organo-germanium nanoparticles ranging in size from 60 to 80 nm were newly developed for a spleen imaging agent. The radiolabeled nanoparticles were prepared with a high labeling efficiency (over 99%) and they also showed an excellent stability at room temperature for 6 h. The biodistribution data of the nanoparticles injected into rats via intravenous routes showed a notably higher accumulation in the spleen when compared to other reticuloendothelial system organs. Gamma image of the rabbits obtained after an intravenous injection of the nanoparticles revealed a localization of the radioactivity mainly in the spleen and the liver. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of distribution automation networks using survivability modeling and power flow equations (2013)

Smart grids are fostering a paradigm shift in the realm of power distribution systems. Whereas traditionally different components of the power distribution system have been provided and analyzed by different teams, smart grids require a unified and holistic approach taking into consideration the interplay of distributed generation, distribution automation topology, intelligent features, and others. In this paper, we use transient survivability metrics to create better distribution automation network designs. Our approach combines survivability analysis and power flow analysis to assess the survivability of the distribution power grid network. Additionally, we present an initial approach to automatically optimize available investment decisions with respect to survivability and investment costs. We have evaluated the feasibility of this approach by applying it to the design of a real distribution automation circuit. Our empirical results indicate that the combination of survivability analysis and power flow can provide meaningful investment decision support for power systems engineers.
A multiple-valued ferroelectric content-addressable memory (2002)

A novel architecture for a multiple-valued ferroelectric content-addressable memory (FCAM) is proposed. An FCAM employs ferroelectric capacitors as storage elements to provide a nonvolatile content-addressable memory. A 2-bit search operation is performed by a simultaneous access to a 4-level polarization, hence reducing the total number of search operations to half. Four FCAM structures are discussed in terms of their speed, area, and implementation feasibility.
A new algorithm for local surface smoothing with application to chest wall nodule segmentation in lung CT data (2004)

We present an algorithm for local surface smoothing in a defined Volume of Interest (VOI) cropped from 3D volume data, such as lung CT data. There is generally a smooth and piecewise linear surface in the VOI, with one or more bumps on the surface. In lung CT data, such bumps can be nodules that are grown from the chest wall, which represent a possibility of lung cancer. Through surface smoothing, the nodules are segmented from the chest wall and its size can be measured as diagnostic evidence. The algorithm has the advantage of high consistency and robustness, and is useful in a segmentation module of a Compute Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system.
Photoacoustic technique for determining optical absorption coefficients in solids (1977)

An investigation was made of a photoacoustic technique for determining the optical absorption coefficient in solids. A train of laser pulses was passed through the solid, and a piezoelectric transducer attached directly to the sample measured the amplitude of the elastic wave generated by the absorbed radiation. Calibration was performed at a wavelength of known absorption. The sensitivity of the technique was found to be limited to about 1 x 10(-5) cm(-1) in our samples due to radiation scattered onto the transducer, but the technique is capable of measuring absorption coefficients in the 10(-6)-cm(-1) range using laser powers of about 1 W.
Ultraweak Waveguide Modification With Intact Buffer Coating Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2015)

This letter reports a new fabrication technique to inscribe in-line, ultraweak waveguide structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an in-line grating structure has been fabricated within the core of an optical fiber with an intact buffer coating, allowing the fiber to retain optimal mechanical properties, an important consideration for strain and temperature sensing applications. Low energy pulses from a femtosecond laser were adjusted to avoid buffer absorption while inscribing a terahertz fiber Bragg grating (THz FBG) within the optical fiber core. Strain and temperature tests were conducted using both a THz FBG sensor fabricated using the reported method and a second THz FBG fabricated using a previously reported method requiring buffer removal. Highly similar results from both Thz FBGs were observed, indicating that the new intact buffer fabrication technique holds substantial potential as a method of fabricating optical fiber grating structures for distributed sensing applications.
Remote Diagnosis Server (2002)

Modern systems such as fly-by-wire aircraft, nuclear power plants, manufacturing facilities, battlefields, etc. are all examples of highly connected network enabled systems. Many of these systems are also mission critical, and need to be monitored round the clock. Such systems typically consist of embedded sensors in networked subsystems that can transmit data to central (or remote) monitoring stations. Moreover, many legacy systems were originally not designed for real-time onboard diagnosis, but are safety critical, and would benefit from such a solution. Embedding additional software or hardware in such systems is often considered too intrusive, and introduces flight safety and validation concerns. Such systems can be equipped to transmit the sensor data to a remote-processing center for continuous health monitoring. At Qualtech Systems, we are developing a Remote Diagnosis Server (RDS) that can support multiple simultaneous diagnostic sessions from a variety of remote systems. The RDS server is built on a three-tier architecture with a "Broker" application in the middle layer, and multiple TEAMS-RT and TEAMATE based reasoners at the backend. The client layer consists of sensor agents that collect test results and transmit them over a message-passing network. The resultant solution is remarkably efficient. Even an old 50 MHz Sparc20 can support tens of concurrent sessions involving hundreds of tests. The solution scales easily to hundreds of sessions in any modern workstation or server. Inspired by the significant interest from the aerospace community, we are enhancing the scalability of our RDS solution to solve huge and complex systems such as system-wide health monitoring of the International Space station or a fleet of commercial jetliners. We also recently won an STTR from NASA to make RDS accessible to automobiles and appliances over standard wireless telephone networks.
Bi-manual Haptic-based Periodontal Simulation with Finger Support and Vibrotactile Feedback (2021)

The rise of virtual reality and haptic technologies has created exciting new applications in medical training and education. In a dental simulation, haptic technology can create the illusion of substances (teeth, gingiva, bone, etc.) by providing interaction forces within a simulated virtual world of the mouth. In this article, a haptic periodontal training simulation system, named Haptodont, is developed and evaluated for simulating periodontal probing. Thirty-two faculty members from New York University College of Dentistry were recruited and divided into three groups to evaluate three fundamental functionalities: Group 1 evaluated bi-manual 3 Degrees of Freedome (DoF) haptic interaction, Group 2 evaluated bi-manual 3 DoF haptic interaction with a finger support mechanism, and Group 3 evaluated bi-manual 3 DoF haptic interaction with finger support mechanism and vibrotactile feedback. The probe and mirror interactions were simulated with the Geomagic Touch haptic device whereas the finger support was implemented using the Novint Falcon device. The three groups conducted two probing tasks: healthy gingiva scenario with no pockets (2- to 3-mm depth) and periodontitis scenario with deep pockets (4- to 8-mm depth). Results demonstrated that experts performed comparably to clinical settings in terms of probing depth error (within 0.3 to 0.6 mm) and probing forces (less than 0.5 N). Furthermore, the finger support mechanism significantly improved the probing accuracy for periodontitis condition in the lingual region. The argument that probing the lingual region is more difficult than the buccal region is supported by quantitative evidence (significantly higher probing depth error and probing force). Further research is planned to improve the usability of the finger support, integrate the Haptodont system into the pre-clinical curriculum, and evaluate the Haptodont system with dental students as a learning tool.
An Enhanced Deterministic Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Near-Optimal MIMO Demodulation With QAM Constellations (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose a low-complexity, linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE)-based sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) technique as an alternative to the sphere decoder for near-optimal demodulation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Prior to the SMC procedure, the received signal is passed through a linear MMSE-based preprocessing step, which also determines an optimal channel-dependent order of detection and produces a sequential structure. The algorithm then draws the symbol samples in a deterministic fashion, and the survivor paths are selected based on their importance weights. The proposed algorithm exploits the rectangular structure of the QAM signal constellation by separating the real and imaginary parts of the signal to reduce the complexity associated with the listing and weight update steps, resulting in a complexity (in terms of the constellation size $M$ ) of ${\cal O}(\sqrt{M})$ as compared to ${\cal O}(M)$ complexity of the existing SMC algorithms for an $M$-QAM constellation. We demonstrate through simulations that the new method achieves the sphere decoder performance for V-BLAST systems. Unlike the sphere decoder whose complexity is channel-dependent, our algorithm has a fixed complexity which is channel independent; thus it is well suited for use in practical MIMO systems. Some other interesting features of the algorithm are that it is able to handle MIMO systems with less receive antennas than transmit antennas; and can also deal with multiuser multirate MIMO systems, utilizing a novel ordering scheme. Finally we extend the proposed algorithm to solve the lattice decoding problem and demonstrate the effect of different preprocessing stages on the performance and complexity of the algorithm through extensive simulation results. </para>
Human liver carboxylesterase 1 outperforms alpha‐fetoprotein as biomarker to discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma from other liver diseases in Korean patients (2013)

Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is currently the major serologic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it cannot efficiently distinguish this cancer from other forms of liver disease in early diagnosis due to its low sensitivity. The aim of this study is to compare sensitivity and specificity of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) and AFP biomarker. Antibody-based assays for hCE1 and AFP were used to test both biomarkers with respect to diagnostic efficiency, Youden's index and the area under the curve (AUC) through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in plasma from 208 patients with HCC (n=57), liver cirrhosis (n=27), chronic hepatitis (n=37), cholangiocarcinoma (n=22), gastric cancer (n=31) and pancreatic cancer (n=34), along with 52 healthy donors (HDs). The levels of hCE1 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than HDs and the other diseases (p<0.005), further verified by AUC values and Youden's index. In the set of HCC versus liver cirrhosis the AUC values were 0.744 (AFP), 0.918 (hCE1) and 0.938 (combination of AFP and hCE1), respectively. These results indicate that hCE1 is not only a more potent and specific marker in distinguishing cancer from liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, but the combination of hCE1 and AFP shows also synergistic potential for greater sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis. Therefore the antibody-based hCE1 assay appears to have high diagnostic efficiency for discriminating HCC from other forms of liver disease. It is now feasible to further validate this novel plasma-based biomarker in the large cohort we assembled.
Local Color Correction Using Non-Linear Masking (2000)

Tone reproduction is a key component in image quality and historically tone correction has been performed on a global basis for a given device or image. Several recent investigations have used a variety of algorithms to demonstrate that local color correction provides a significant improvement in image quality relative to a global correction. This paper presents a local color correction operation that is based on non-linear masking. The operation is very fast and does not require any manual adjustments, such as those involved in dodging and burning. The algorithm is roughly equivalent to deriving a specific tone reproduction curve for each pixel in the image. An example image is processed using the proposed masking scheme and the resulting effect is discussed. Finally, the relationship to CIECAM97s is explored and it is proposed that dynamically setting the background parameter results in similar local color corrections.
Parylene-C diaphragm-based fiber-optic gas sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (2020)

A low-frequency photoacoustic (PA) sensor based on Parylene-C diaphragm for micro-leakage gas detection is presented. The overall structure of the sensor head includes a cylindrical brass shell, a Parylene-C diaphragm, and a PA cavity regarded as a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity as well. The volume of the PA cavity is only 74 μL. A distributed feedback (DFB) laser is used as an acoustic excitation source. The PA pressure signal is obtained by measuring the deflection of the Parylene-C diaphragm using fiber-optic white-light interference (WLI) method. The PA sensor head is used for acetylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) detection. A detection limit of 36 parts-per-billion (ppb) is achieved when the lock-in integration time is 1 s.
End-User Policies for Predicting Congestion Patterns in Data Networks (2000)

In this paper we propose a scheme for detecting and predicting congestion patterns from network feedback. The focus here is on binary feedback messages, such as loss events or ECN marks. Simulations show that, when a fraction of end users modify their congestion control based on these estimations, oscillations in network buffer occupancy otherwise induced by TCP users are significantly reduced. These oscillation reductions benefit both TCP users and the users applying the proposed scheme, since both types of users receive a smaller proportion of ECN marks. 1.
SKMT: A Semantic Knowledge Management Tool for Content Tagging, Search and Management (2012)

With an ever increasing amount of content, we heavily rely on search engine to locate documents. Manual content Tagging can improve search results by allowing search engines to exploit tags generated by content authors. Manual tagging method introduces issues of bias and inconsistency from ad-hoc tagging, and increase burden to the authors. In this paper, we first introduce a semantic tagging engine that automatically generates semantic tags for the given documents. This tagging engine provides the ground for realizing semantic search, based on meanings of search terms and content tags. Then we present a Semantic Knowledge Management Tool (SKMT) as a semantic search and knowledge management platform to search, analyze and manage enterprise content. SKMT can scan different content sources and generate indexes of semantic keywords. Its user-friendly interface allows users to manage various data sources, search, explore and visualize search results at semantic level. Higher precision of semantic search and semantic data visualization are also demonstrated with examples as benefits of SKMT.
A high fidelity tissue-based cardiac surgical simulator (2005)

The cardiac surgical simulation preparation described here would appear to be able to contribute positively to the training of residents in low-volume centres, as well as having the potential for application in other settings as a training tool or clinical skills assessment or accreditation device. Collaboration with larger centres is recommended in order to accurately assess the utility of this preparation as an adjunctive cardiothoracic surgical training aid.
Strain/Temperature Discrimination Using Combined Fiber Bragg Grating and Long Period Grating Sensors (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Patrick, G. M. Williams, A. D. Kersey, J. R. Pedrazzani, and A. M. Vengsarkar, "Strain/Temperature Discrimination Using Combined Fiber Bragg Grating and Long Period Grating Sensors," in Optical Fiber Sensors, (Optica Publishing Group, 1996), paper Tu42. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Use of alternative promoters to express the aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19) gene in breast adipose tissues of cancer-free and breast cancer patients. (1996)

Estrogen biosynthesis in adipose tissue has assumed great significance in terms of a number of estrogen-related diseases. Recent evidence suggests that estrogen synthesized locally in the breast is of singular significance in the development of breast cancer in elderly women. The biosynthesis of estrogen from C19 steroids is catalyzed by a specific form of cytochrome P450, namely aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). The human CYP19 gene comprises nine coding exons, II-X, and its transcripts are expressed in the ovary, placenta, testes, adipose tissue, and brain. Tissue-specific expression of the CYP19 gene is determined, at least in part, by the use of tissue-specific promoters, which give rise to transcripts with unique 5'-noncoding termini. Transcripts in adipose tissue contain 5'-termini derived from specific untranslated exons, corresponding to expression derived from the proximal promoter II and its splice variant I.3, as well as a distal promoter, I.4. The object of the present study was to determine the distribution of these various exon-specific transcripts in breast adipose tissues from cancer-free women undergoing reduction mammoplasty and from patients with breast cancer, because this would provide important clues as to the nature of the factors regulating aromatase expression in these sites. To achieve this, we employed competitive RT-PCR, utilizing an internal standard for each exon-specific transcript of the CYP19 gene, as well as for the coding region, to evaluate total CYP19 gene transcripts. In cancer patients (n = 18), total CYP19 gene transcript levels were significantly higher in adipose tissue proximal to a tumor in comparison with adipose tissue distal to a tumor, in agreement with previous findings. Moreover, total transcript levels were higher in breast adipose tissue of cancer patients in comparison with those of cancer-free individuals (n = 9), even when the adipose tissue from the cancer patient was taken from a quadrant with no detectable tumor. We observed that exon I.4-specific transcripts were predominant in breast adipose obtained from cancer-free women. In this tissue, promoter-II-specific and exon I.3-specific transcripts were present in low copy number. On the other hand, in breast cancer patients, CYP19 gene transcripts from breast adipose tissue had primarily promoter-II-specific and exon I.3-specific sequence, whereas comparatively few transcripts had exon I.4-specific sequence at the 5'-terminus. We conclude that CYP19 gene transcription in breast adipose tissue of cancer-free individuals uses preferably promoter I.4, implicating a role of glucocorticoids and members of the IL-6 cytokine family in the regulation of this expression. On the other hand, the increased expression in breast adipose tissue bearing a carcinoma results from expression from promoters II and I.3, which are regulated by unknown factors acting via increased cAMP formation, which are presumably secreted by the tumor or associated cells.
Sparsity-based super-resolution microscopy from correlation information: erratum (2018)

Two references on sparse deconvolution of high-density fluorescence microscopy images are added to [Opt. Express26(14), 18238 (2018)].
Efficient frame complexity estimation and application to G.1070 vide quality monitoring (2011)

ITU has standardized a computational model as Recommendation G.1070 for Quality of Experience (QoE) planning [1]. In our previous work, we proposed a system for calculating the G.1070 visual quality estimate in a monitoring scenario [2]. In G.1070, the visual quality is based, in part, on frame rate, bitrate, and packet-loss rate. For a fixed frame rate and a fixed packet-loss rate, the G.1070 visual quality score will decrease with decreases in bitrate. However, G.1070 can not distinguish between cases in which a decrease in bitrate truly does represent a decrease in quality and cases in which the underlying content is easy to encode, thus resulting in a lower bitrate without a corresponding decrease in quality. In this paper, we propose a modification to G. 1070 model to account for this difference by including an analysis of the underlying complexity of the video content. More specifically, we propose a quality measure in which the bitrate input to G.1070 is replaced with a normalized bitrate, where the normalization is based on an estimate of the complexity of the compressed content. With this proposed enhancement to the model (named as G.1070E), it allows a much better approximation to MOS values and the NTIA-VQM[3].
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a New Series of Selective σ<sub>1</sub>Receptor Ligands for the Treatment of Pain: 4-Aminotriazoles (2015)

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of 4-aminotriazoles as potent σ1 receptor (σ1R) ligands are reported. The compounds were prepared using a 4-5-step process, involving as a key step a click chemistry reaction between ynamides and azides. The most active compounds exhibited nanomolar potency for the σ1R, and the selectivity over the σ2R was improved on decreasing the central amine basicity. It was concluded that in order to achieve good σ1R potency a minimum lipophilicity was required, while limiting to a defined range of cLogP avoided human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibition. This made the most interesting derivatives to be concentrated in a narrow margin of lipophilicity. Among them, compound 13g exhibited the most potent in vivo antinociceptive properties, which are indicative of its antagonist character.
Real-time optical spectrum analysis of a light source using a polarimeter (2008)

Optical spectrum analysis and polarization analysis are not generally related by conventional wisdom. In this paper, we show that the spectrum of a light beam can be obtained using a polarimeter, with a resolution and a speed that cannot be achieved with traditional spectrum analysis methods. We experimentally demonstrate a novel polarimeter-based optical spectrum analyzer (P-OSA) and show that the high-speed and high-resolution nature of the device enables rapid measurement of the spectrum of swept laser sources at a repetition rate of more than 100 kHz. We show the generation of a unique 3-D plot of the spectral shape of a light source as its center wavelength is swept.