gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Augmentation Network via Influence Functions (2020)

Data augmentation can impact the generalization performance of an image classification model in a significant way. However, it is currently conducted on the basis of trial and error, and its impact on the generalization performance cannot be predicted during training. This paper considers an influence function that predicts how generalization performance, in terms of validation loss, is affected by a particular augmented training sample. The influence function provides an approximation of the change in validation loss without actually comparing the performances that include and exclude the sample in the training process. Based on this function, a differentiable augmentation network is learned to augment an input training sample to reduce validation loss. The augmented sample is fed into the classification network, and its influence is approximated as a function of the parameters of the last fully-connected layer of the classification network. By backpropagating the influence to the augmentation network, the augmentation network parameters are learned. Experimental results on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet show that the proposed method provides better generalization performance than conventional data augmentation methods do.
A short history of<i>SHELX</i> (2007)

An account is given of the development of the SHELX system of computer programs from SHELX-76 to the present day. In addition to identifying useful innovations that have come into general use through their implementation in SHELX, a critical analysis is presented of the less-successful features, missed opportunities and desirable improvements for future releases of the software. An attempt is made to understand how a program originally designed for photographic intensity data, punched cards and computers over 10000 times slower than an average modern personal computer has managed to survive for so long. SHELXL is the most widely used program for small-molecule refinement and SHELXS and SHELXD are often employed for structure solution despite the availability of objectively superior programs. SHELXL also finds a niche for the refinement of macromolecules against high-resolution or twinned data; SHELXPRO acts as an interface for macromolecular applications. SHELXC, SHELXD and SHELXE are proving useful for the experimental phasing of macromolecules, especially because they are fast and robust and so are often employed in pipelines for high-throughput phasing. This paper could serve as a general literature citation when one or more of the open-source SHELX programs (and the Bruker AXS version SHELXTL) are employed in the course of a crystal-structure determination.
Why not propane (1991)

This paper reports on propane which is widely used as a low temperature refrigerant, especially in the petroleum industry. In addition, most major domestic and foreign compressor manufacturers either publish propane ratings for their compressors or provide such ratings on request. Despite this, line size charts for propane have not been readily available until now. Although propane is flammable, it is a highly effective, readily available refrigerant that is compatible with standard lubricants. With proper precautions and approvals, propane can be substituted for R-22 with a capacity loss of about 10 percent and for R- 502 with a capacity loss of about 15 percent.
OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE LA TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN DE ACEITE VEGETAL RESIDUAL. (2023)

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de la obtención de un biodiesel B100 a partir del aceite vegetal residual de palma (obtenido) por medio de la trasesterificación empleando alcohol metílico con relación molar metanol-aceite de 6:1 y como catalizador al hidróxido de sodio 1% en peso, a diferentes tiempos de reacción y temperaturas. Se realizó una caracterización físicoquímica a cada muestra de biodiesel obtenido con el fin de determinar su calidad, así como también al aceite empleado como materia prima, estos resultados se compararon con las normas ASTM D 6 751, EN 14 214 y la NTE INEN 1640. Por medio de la caracterización físico-química se determinó que la muestra que mejor resultados presenta es la 3B con un tiempo de reacción de 50 minutos a una temperatura de 60°C. La densidad a 15°C fue de 898 kg/mᶟ, la viscosidad cinemática a 40 °C de 2,496 mm²/s, el índice de acidez de 0,561 mgKOH/g, el contenido de humedad de 0,03%. El índice de yodo de realizo en dos muestras de 30 y 60 minutos, obteniendo un valor favorable a una temperatura de 60°C. El rendimiento del biodiesel fue de 63,01 %. Esto permite concluir que se obtuvo biodiesel B100 con resultados óptimos en relación a la naturaleza del aceite empleado como materia prima.
The homologous recombination protein RAD51 is a promising therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma (2017)

RAD51 is one of the pivotal enzymes for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, which implies it as a promising and novel target for cancer therapy. Recent findings have indicated RAD51 protein is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. The high-expression of RAD51 is related to poor prognosis. RAD51 is involved in the repair of DNA damage and the generation of genetic diversity by an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. However, the exact mechanism of Rad51 in the progression of cervical cancer remains unclear. RI-1 is a small molecule that inhibits the central recombination protein RAD51. In this study, we found that RAD51 was highly expressed in invasive squamous cervical cancer (SCC). The administration of RI-1 inhibited cell growth in vitro and reduced growth of tumor xenografts in vivo with cervical cancer cells (HeLa and SiHa). Further investigation suggested that RAD51 protein significantly promoted the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 to S phase. In addition, the inhibition of RAD51 reduced the level of the cell cycle related protein cyclin D1, but increased the levels of p21 mRNA and protein. As a DNA DSB repair enzyme, the expression of RAD51 in tumor cells possibly affects their sensitivity to anti-cancer agents. Additionally, in experiments using cisplatin and ionizing radiation, RI-1 treated cervical cancer cells, HeLa and SiHa, were sensitized to a greater extent than the untreated control. Thus, HR inhibition of RAD51 may provide yet another mechanism of therapeutic target for the chemosensitization and radiosensitization of cervical cancer with RI-1. Collectively, our data demonstrated for the first time that inhibition of RAD51 suppressed the cervical cancer cell proliferation and the growth of cervical cancer xenografts by attenuating cell cycle transition, which could be a functional link between RAD51 and cyclin D1 and p21.
A neural net compiler system for hierarchical organization (2001)

We present a language framework for handling arbitrarily complex neural computations. The software architecture - which we call an A rtificial N eural Network C ompiler for H ierarchical OR ganization ( ANCHOR ) - facilitates network hierarchy and simpler sub-mappings. We define a N et D efinition L anguage (NDL) which is implemented in object-oriented programming paradigm; a trained network is decompiled back into NDL. ANCHOR is configured around the concept of a Superneuron which is a generalized view of a neuron-processing element and designed using reuse of object-model. The indistinguishability between a superneuron and a neuron is employed in hierarchical nesting of superneurons, up to (theoretically) infinite depth within other superneurons as well as linear or tree-structured cascading. Hierarchical decomposition of simple boolean functions has been demonstrated as proof-of-concept.
Consequences of bacterial attachment in the urinary tract (1989)

Conference Article| June 01 1989 Consequences of bacterial attachment in the urinary tract C. SVANBORG EDÉN; C. SVANBORG EDÉN § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. ENGBERG; I. ENGBERG § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. HEDGES; S. HEDGES § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. JANN; K. JANN †Max Planck Institut für Immunobiologie, Freiburg, F. R. G. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. VAN KOOTEN; C. VAN KOOTEN ‡The Central Laboratory of the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. DE MAN; P. DE MAN § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. LINDER; H. LINDER § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. WOLD A. WOLD § *Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden §To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (3): 464–466. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170464 Article history Received: December 19 1988 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. SVANBORG EDÉN, I. ENGBERG, S. HEDGES, K. JANN, C. VAN KOOTEN, P. DE MAN, H. LINDER, A. WOLD; Consequences of bacterial attachment in the urinary tract. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1989; 17 (3): 464–466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170464 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: LPS, lipopolysaccharide, IL-6, interleukin 6 This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A wrist wearable dual port dual band stacked patch antenna for wireless information and power transmission (2016)

A novel antenna with orthogonally polarized dual ports one of which is dual band is proposed. The dual band performance is achieved by the upper rectangular patch loaded with a U-slot at its edge. It has resonances at 2.41GHz and 2.48GHz covering the advertisement channels of Bluetooth LE standard. It is stacked with an orthogonally polarized rectangular patch which resonates at 2.45GHz. The antenna aims to have good isolation between the ports so that single band port can be used for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) while the dual band port is used for Communications. The antenna is designed to be used with health monitoring sensors to create a robust and energy efficient wearable which uses WPT as its only source of energy. Therefore it is tested on an arm phantom and the choice of polarization is found to be critical for the WPT range and the performance of the wearable.
A low-power 2.45 GHz microwave induced helium plasma source at atmospheric pressure based on microstrip technology (2000)

A low-power compact 2.45 GHz microwave induced He plasma source operating at atmospheric pressure for use in atomic emission spectrometry has been developed in microstrip technology. The microstrip plasma (MSP) source for He is fabricated on sapphire substrates. The microstrips are designed for compact arrangements and for high electric field strengths in the plasma channel. Both requirements are fulfilled by the high permittivity of sapphire. The electrodeless microwave induced plasma (MIP) operates at a microwave input power of 5–30 W (1–10 W in Ar) and gas flows of 50–1000 ml min−1. It is self-igniting, in the case of He as plasma gas, at atmospheric pressure for power levels above 10 W. To demonstrate the excitation capability for non-metals a small amount of HCCl3 vapour was injected into the gas flow and a spectrum of a Cl emission line was observed.
A 200 GHz dynamic nuclear polarization spectrometer (2010)

We present our experimental setup for both dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection at 7 T using a quasi-optical bridge for propagation of the 200 GHz beam and our initial results obtained at 4 K. Our quasi-optical bridge allows the polarization of the microwave beam to be changed from linear to circular. Only the handedness of circular polarization in the direction of the Larmor precession is absorbed by the electron spins, so a gain in effective microwave power of two is expected for circular vs. linear polarization. Our results show an increase in DNP signal enhancement of 28% when using circularly vs. linearly polarized radiation. We measured a maximum signal enhancement of 65 times that of thermal polarization for a (13)C labeled urea sample corresponding to 3% nuclear spin polarization. Since the time constant for nuclear spin polarization buildup during microwave irradiation is 10 times faster than the (13)C nuclear spin T(1), the actual gain in detection sensitivity with DNP is much greater.
High breakdown voltage p-n diodes on GaN on sapphire by MOCVD (2016)

In order to achieve high breakdown voltage in GaN vertical power devices, low threading dislocation density and low background carrier concentration is required. This work demonstrates a decrease in the background carrier concentration and threading dislocation density (TDD) with an increase in the thickness of un-intentionally doped (UID) GaN grown on sapphire. p–n diodes grown and fabricated on this epi, using 4.8 µm UID GaN, showed a breakdown voltage of 730 V, breakdown field of 1.75 MV cm−1 and an on-resistance of 5.1 m Ω cm2. The figure of merit (FOM), VBR2/RON, thus obtained is approximately 105 MW cm−2. This is the highest reported FOM value for p–n diodes on GaN on sapphire or Si. Lowering the carrier concentration and dislocation density is thus shown to be critical for achieving high breakdown voltages on GaN on sapphire.
Linear least-squares fits with errors in both coordinates (1989)

York’s solution to the problem of linear least-squares fits with errors in both coordinates [D. York, Can. J. Phys. 44, 1079 (1966)] is shown to be exact and not subject to the erroneous results that attempts to modify standard least-squares algorithms can produce. Detailed examples of the use of York’s method are given; a fortran implementation suitable for use on personal computers is available to interested parties.
Reduction of Carbonate Electrolytes and the Formation of Solid-Electrolyte Interface (SEI) in Lithium-Ion Batteries. 2. Radiolytically Induced Polymerization of Ethylene Carbonate (2013)

Extensive polymerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) leading to the formation of oligomers with masses up to 1 to 2 kDa in electron beam radiolysis is demonstrated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This polymer has a different structure and morphology than the linear chain copolymer of ethylene oxide and EC that is generated in anionic polymerization of intact EC molecules. This radiolytically generated polymer exhibits chain branching and pendant carbonate groups, and it can form a 3D organic network that is additionally cross-linked through lithium ions. Such a morphology is consistent with the occurrence of anionic and radical polymerization that involve the products of recombination and disproportionation of secondary radicals generated in one-electron reduction of EC. Our examination of this chemistry suggests that the same polymer is likely to occur in electrochemical reduction of EC. The formation of this polymeric network qualitatively accounts for some of unexplained properties of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) occurring in electrochemical cells with EC-based electrolyte, including common lithium batteries.
Vocal Fold Submucosal Infusion Technique in Phonomicrosurgery (1996)

Phonomicrosurgery is optimized by maximally preserving the vocal fold's layered microstructure (laminae propriae). The technique of submucosal infusion of saline and epinephrine into the superficial lamina propria (SLP) was examined to delineate how, when, and why it was helpful toward this surgical goal. A retrospective review revealed that the submucosal infusion technique was used to enhance the surgery in 75 of 152 vocal fold procedures that were performed over the last 2 years. The vocal fold epithelium was noted to be adherent to the vocal ligament in 29 of the 75 cases: 19 from previous surgical scarring, 4 from cancer, 3 from sulcus vocalis, 2 from chronic hemorrhage, and 1 from radiotherapy. The submucosal infusion technique was most helpful when the vocal fold epithelium required resection and/or when extensive dissection in the SLP was necessary. The infusion enhanced the surgery by vasoconstriction of the microvasculature in the SLP, which improved visualization during cold-instrument tangential dissection. Improved visualization facilitated maximal preservation of the SLP, which is necessary for optimal pliability of the overlying epithelium. The infusion also improved the placement of incisions at the perimeter of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions, and thereby helped preserve epithelium uninvolved by the disorder.
DNA Microarray Technology in Microbial Ecology Studies-Principle, Applications and Current Limitations. (2003)

DNA microarray technology has been successfully used in numerous medical and clinical applications, but its application in environmental studies for bacterial detection and microbial community analysis has faced many challenges due to the highly diverse and complex nature of environmental samples. Only a limited number of studies have been published, mainly showing the "proof of principle" of the method in this field of research. More rigorous and systematic assessments and improvements are required to extend the microarray technique to its full potential. Here, some fundamental concepts involved in the microarray technique are discussed, and recent developments in microarray-based technology in microbial ecology applications are reviewed.
GloVeNoR - Global Vectors for Node Representations (2019)

A graph is a very powerful abstract data type that can be used to model entities (nodes) and relationships (edges). Many real world networks like biological, computer and friendship networks can be represented as graphs. Graphs can be mined to extract interesting patterns and interactions between the participating entities. Recently, various Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques are used for this purpose. In order to do that, the nodes of a graph have to be represented as low dimensional feature vectors. Node embedding is the process of generating a �-dimensional feature vector corresponding to each node of a graph, such that the structurally similar nodes remain close in the �-dimensional space. There are many state-of-the-art methods, like node2vec and DeepWalk to com- pute node embeddings. These techniques borrow methods like the Skip-Gram model, used in the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to compute word embed- dings. This project explores the idea of porting the GloVe (Global Vectors for Word Representation) model, a popular technique for word embeddings, to a new method called GloVeNoR to compute node embeddings in a graph. We evaluate the model’s quality by comparing it with node2vec and DeepWalk on the problem of community detection on five different data sets. We observe that GloVeNoR discovers similar or better communities than the other existing models on all the datasets.
A microfluidic microprocessor: controlling biomimetic containers and cells using hybrid integrated circuit/microfluidic chips (2010)

We present an integrated platform for performing biological and chemical experiments on a chip based on standard CMOS technology. We have developed a hybrid integrated circuit (IC)/microfluidic chip that can simultaneously control thousands of living cells and pL volumes of fluid, enabling a wide variety of chemical and biological tasks. Taking inspiration from cellular biology, phospholipid bilayer vesicles are used as robust picolitre containers for reagents on the chip. The hybrid chip can be programmed to trap, move, and porate individual living cells and vesicles and fuse and deform vesicles using electric fields. The IC spatially patterns electric fields in a microfluidic chamber using 128 × 256 (32,768) 11 × 11 μm(2) metal pixels, each of which can be individually driven with a radio frequency (RF) voltage. The chip's basic functions can be combined in series to perform complex biological and chemical tasks and can be performed in parallel on the chip's many pixels for high-throughput operations. The hybrid chip operates in two distinct modes, defined by the frequency of the RF voltage applied to the pixels: Voltages at MHz frequencies are used to trap, move, and deform objects using dielectrophoresis and voltages at frequencies below 1 kHz are used for electroporation and electrofusion. This work represents an important step towards miniaturizing the complex chemical and biological experiments used for diagnostics and research onto automated and inexpensive chips.
ETM10 incorporates hardware segment of IEEE P1500 (2002)

Engineers at ARM have used the ETM10 to incorporate the hardware segment of the IEEE P1500 standard. The experiment's first phase incorporated the wrapper boundary register, wrapper bypass register, wrapper instruction register, and some standard instructions.
Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (2012)

Solubility is considered as a great problem for Ibuprofen hence a solubility enhancing technique, Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), was considered to be developed for Ibuprofen. Capmul PG 8 was used as a co-solvent. As surfactant, hydrophilic surfactant Cremophor EL was considered. A fixed amount of Ibuprofen was added with fixed amount of excipients. Capmul PG8 showed a good solubilizing capacity which dissolved 300 mg/ml of Ibuprofen. Cremophor EL also showed a good solubilizing capacity which dissolved 300 mg/ml of Ibuprofen. A 3-level factorial design was carried out to optimize the formulation. The optimized formula contains 24.10 mg Capmul PG8 and 71.02 mg Cremophor EL which releases 27.78%, 44.6% and 74.24% ibuprofen at the mentioned time interval. The present study shows that the Capmul PG8 and Cremophor EL have increased the release profile of capsule Ibuprofen. This attempt, therefore, delivers an alternative strategy in drug product formulation for poorly water soluble drugs. Pharmaceutical technologists, Pharmacists will find it a fruitful approach specially those working on drug delivery.
Development of Elastomers Based on Fully Hydrogenated Styrene–Diene Block Copolymers (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Elastomer Development Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements References