gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Clostridium difficile toxin A (1983)

Antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxin A were purified by affinity chromatography from antiserum prepared against crude C. difficile toxin preparations. The affinity-purified antibody preparation was free of detectable amounts of antibodies to other C. difficile antigens, as demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and specifically neutralized the cytotoxicity of toxin A. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently developed using the antibody preparation for the specific detection of toxin A. The ELISA, which could detect 1 ng (5 ng/ml) of toxin A, was used to quantitate the toxin in the culture supernatant fluids of strains of C. difficile. The ELISA values for toxin A closely correlated with the toxin A and B cytotoxic titers of the supernatant fluids. In addition, toxin A was detected by ELISA in human fecal specimens from persons with antibiotic-associated colitis, demonstrating that this toxin is produced during C. difficile colitis.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antitumor studies of potential anticancer agents of platinum(II) complexes of dicyclopentadiene and dithiocarbamates (2022)

Three platinum(II) complexes of dicyclopentadiene (DCP) and dithiocarbamates (DTCs), namely, [Pt(η4-DCP)(Me2DTC)]PF6 (1), [Pt(η4-DCP)(Et2DTC)]PF6 (2), and [Pt(η4-DCP)(Bz2DTC)]PF6 (3) [Me2DTC = dimethyldithiocarbamate, Et2DTC = diethyldithiocarbamate, and Bz2DTC = dibenzyldithiocarbamate] were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data indicated the coordination of both DCP and DTC ligands to platinum(II). The solution chemistry of complex 1 revealed that the complexes are stable in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1:1 mixture of DMSO:H2O. In vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes relative to cisplatin was tested using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, against CHL-1 (human melanoma cancer cells), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells), A549 (lung cancer cells), and B16 (murine melanoma cancer cells). The antiproliferative effect of all three prepared complexes was found to be significantly higher than cisplatin. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of complex 1 showed that the complex induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial potential depolarization and cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent pattern in the CHL-1 cells. Confirmation of apoptosis via gene expression analysis demonstrated down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes in the CHL-1 cells. Wound-healing assays also lent support to the strong cytotoxicity of the complexes. In vivo studies showed a significant reduction of tumor volume at the end of the experiment. In addition, the drug did not change the weight of the mice. In conclusion, complex 1 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.
The Mechanism of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in an Alkylamine-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework (2013)

The mechanism of CO2 adsorption in the amine-functionalized metal-organic framework mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) (dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate; mmen = N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine) was characterized by quantum-chemical calculations. The material was calculated to demonstrate 2:2 amine:CO2 stoichiometry with a higher capacity and weaker CO2 binding energy than for the 2:1 stoichiometry observed in most amine-functionalized adsorbents. We explain this behavior in the form of a hydrogen-bonded complex involving two carbamic acid moieties resulting from the adsorption of CO2 onto the secondary amines.
Perspective - Lethal Mutagenesis of HIV by Mutagenic Ribonucleoside Analogs (2000)

The extraordinarily high mutation rate of HIV suggests that the viral population exists near the threshold for viral viability. An increase in mutation could mediate a lethal increase in the already high proportion of defective viruses. We initially tested this hypothesis by culturing HIV-infected cells in mutagenic deoxyribonucleoside analogs. In the presence of 5-hydroxydeoxycytidine, there was a loss of viral replication after sequential passages of HIV in human CEM cells (Loeb LA, et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:14921497). We now propose to use mutagenic ribonucleosides to induce lethal mutagenesis. The incorporation of mutagenic analogs into the HIV genome by the host cell RNA polymerase, rather than by the viral reverse transcriptase, augurs well for the avoidance of resistant viruses.
Discrete Fourier Transform Analysis in a Complex Vector Space (2009)

Alternative computational strategies for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) have been developed using analysis of geometric manifolds. This approach provides a general framework for performing DFT calculations, and suggests a more efficient implementation of the DFT for applications using iterative transform methods, particularly phase retrieval. The DFT can thus be implemented using fewer operations when compared to the usual DFT counterpart. The software decreases the run time of the DFT in certain applications such as phase retrieval that iteratively call the DFT function. The algorithm exploits a special computational approach based on analysis of the DFT as a transformation in a complex vector space. As such, this approach has the potential to realize a DFT computation that approaches N operations versus Nlog(N) operations for the equivalent Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculation.
Myasthenia gravis in infancy (1981)

Symptoms of myasthenia gravis in infancy may occur from passive transfer of maternal disease, acquired autoimmune disease, or nonautoimmune hereditary disease. Of nine patients with infantile-onset myasthenia who were not born to mothers with the disease, two had detectable antibody to acetylcholine receptor. Patients with or without antibodies were clinically indistinguishable, except for the occurrence of similar disease in siblings of patients without antibody. Differentiation of autoimmune and hereditary, myasthenia in infancy is necessary for appropriate therapeutic measures and genetic counseling. Antibody determinations provide a useful aid in this differentiation.
An update on MALDI mass spectrometry based technology for the analysis of fingermarks – stepping into operational deployment (2017)

Since 2009, when Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI) was firstly reported for the molecular mapping of latent fingermarks, the range of information and operational capabilities have steadily increased. Pioneering work from our Fingermark Research Group exploited different modalities, including Profiling (MALDI MSP), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and Ion Mobility MS/MS; a number of methodologies were also developed to conquer a main challenge, namely profiling the suspect and their actions prior to or whilst committing the crime. Suspect profiling here is no longer based on behavioural science but complements this discipline and the investigations by detecting and visualising the molecular make-up of fingermarks onto the identifying ridges. This forensic opportunity provides the link between the biometric information (ridge detail) and the corpus delicti or intelligence on the circumstances of the crime. In 2013, a review was published covering the research work and developments of four years supported by the Home Office, UK, and the local regional Police with some insights (and comparison) into similar research being reported employing other mass spectrometric techniques. The present review is an extensive update on the MALDI MS based methods' achievements, limitations and work in progress in fingermark analysis; it also offers an outlook on further necessary research into this subject. The main highlights are the increased number of possible information retrievable around a suspect and the more extended compatibility of this technology. The latter has allowed MALDI MS based methods to integrate well with current forensic fingerprinting, leading to the investigation of real police casework.
Plasmonics-enhanced photoconductive terahertz emitters (2013)

We present a photoconductive terahertz emitter that incorporates nanoscale plasmonic contact electrodes to offer significantly higher radiation powers compared to conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters. Radiation enhancement is the result of reducing the average transport path of photo-generated carriers to the plasmonic contact electrodes and, thus, increasing the number of the photocarriers that can be routed to the terahertz antenna in a sub-picosecond time-scale to efficiently contribute to terahertz radiation. We experimentally demonstrate up to 50 times higher terahertz radiation powers from the presented plasmonic photoconductive terahertz emitter compared to a similar conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter without plasmonic contact electrodes.
Isolation and sequence of a cDNA for human pro-(cathepsin L) (1988)

The major excreted protein (MEP) of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts is the precursor to an acid proteinase with enzymic specificity similar to that of human cathepsin L. By cross-hybridization with a mouse MEP sequence, cDNA clones of the human form of MEP in an SV40 expression vector were isolated. A 1.6 kb cDNA showed 70% deduced amino acid sequence identity with mouse MEP. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned human MEP was the same, except for two amino acids, as the N-terminal sequence of mature human cathepsin L, thereby establishing that human MEP is human pro-(cathepsin L). Use of this human pro-(cathepsin L) cDNA clone allowed the detection of a 1.6-1.8 kb pro-(cathepsin L) mRNA in human cells which was not detected with a mouse pro-(cathepsin L) probe.
Large area terahertz imaging and non-destructive evaluation applications (2006)

Terahertz (THz) imaging is being adopted for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications in aerospace and other government and industrial settings [1-3] . NASA is currently employing THz reflection NDE to examine the space shuttle external tank sprayed on foam insulation (SOFI) for voids and disbonds. Homeland security applications such as the inspection of personnel [2] , the detection of concealed explosives [2] , biological agents, chemical weapons, flammables, metallic and non-metallic weapons, and other potentially dangerous items are the subject of active investigation. Advancement of many of these applications beyond small table top experimentation had been limited by slow imaging speed (tens of minutes or hours), small scan areas (<10 square cm) and in many cases the requirement that the sample itself be mechanically raster scanned. We report the development and applications of a high-speed large-area time domain terahertz non-destructive evaluation imaging system.
Crystal structure and phase transition behavior in (K1−<i>x</i>Na<i>x</i>)NbO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic over a wide range of temperatures (2016)

The phase transition temperature in a (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) phase of a KNN-based composite lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with a KTiNbO5 system ((K1−xNax)0.86Ca0.04Li0.02Nb0.85O3−δ–K0.85Ti0.85Nb1.15O5–BaZrO3–Co3O4–Fe2O3–ZnO) is lower than that in an undoped KNN ceramic by approximately 200 °C. We have studied the structural changes around the phase transition by using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The crystal system of the main KNN phase is assigned to tetragonal as a stable structure at room temperature and does not change to orthorhombic on lowering the temperature all at once. The crystal structure changes from tetragonal to orthorhombic through the successive transition state. The curve of the phase transition temperature from x = 0.33 to 0.75 has a V shape and reaches its lowest value of approximately 0 °C in the vicinity of x = 0.56. From selected-area electron diffraction patterns of the KNN phase, weak superlattice spots owing to the tilt-ordered NbO6 octahedra are observed for x ≥ 0.56. This tilt-ordered NbO6 octahedral phase is formed at the nanometer-scale (nanodomains) in the tetragonal and orthorhombic KNN matrices, regardless of the phase transition. The minimum x to generate the nanodomains is substantially equal to the Na fraction at which the starting temperature of the successive phase transition shifts to the lowest.
Efficient CW diode-pumped Tm, Ho:YLF laser with tunability near 2.067 mu m (1992)

A conversion efficiency of 42% and slope efficiency of approximately 60% relative to absorbed pump power are reported from a continuous wave diode-pumped Tm, Ho:YLF laser at 2 mu m with output power of 84 mW at sub-ambient temperatures. The emission spectrum is etalon tunable over a range of 16 cm/sup -1/ centered on 2.067 mu m, with fine tuning capability of the transition frequency with crystal temperature at a measured rate of approximately -0.03 cm/sup -1/-K/sup -1/. The effective emission cross section is measured to be 5*10/sup -21/ cm/sup 2/. These and other aspects of the laser performance are discussed in the context of calculated atmospheric absorption characteristics in this spectral region and potential use in remote sensing applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid LDPC-Coded Modulation Schemes for Optical Communication Systems (2012)

We propose hybrid LDPC-coded modulation schemes whose error correction performances and decoding complexities can be adjusted by changing the field orders of its component codes. Such flexible schemes are crucial assets in link budget analysis.
Resource management for clusters of virtual machines (2005)

Enterprise applications are increasingly being built using type-safe programming platforms and deployed over horizontally scalable systems. Horizontal scalability depends crucially on the ability to monitor resource usage and to define and enforce resource management policies capable of guaranteeing a desired service level. However, current safe language platforms have very limited support for resource management, and their cluster-enabled versions reflect this deficiency. We describe an architecture of federated Java/spl trade/ virtual machines. Its distinguishing feature is an integrated resource management interface that addresses the above issues. It offers programmatic control over monitoring and controlling the allocation of resources to applications and their components. The scope of each policy can span multiple nodes, realizing finegrained control. New resource types can be defined and integrated into the framework. Remote management of local resources and the notion of cluster-global resources form a powerful combination capable of expressing policies that achieve effective performance isolation for cluster applications.
Vasopressin analogues with effect on central nervous system: Synthesis and biological properties (1983)

Synthesis of four vasopressin analogues which do not contain the glycinamine residue in position 9 and have a basic non-coded amino acid in position 8 is described. All the analogues exhibit very low endocrine activities and are effective in the passive avoidance test.
Error corrected impedance measurements with a network analyzer (1995)

This paper presents a new class of self-calibration procedures for the error-correction of network analyzer measurements. The ZU, YU, ZUU, and the YUU self-calibration procedures only need one known and one or two unknown impedances for the calibration process. The ZY, ZYU, ZZU, and YYU calibration techniques provide calibration measurements with two impedance standards with known resistances and unknown reactances. The very good performance of the ZZU impedance calibration procedure is demonstrated by experimental results up to 20 GHz. Measurements of series resistors verify this new calibration procedure and the measurements of capacitors connected to ground in two different mounting styles show the efficiency of the impedance calibration procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Dihydropyrans. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
miR-23b and miR-218 silencing increase Muscleblind-like expression and alleviate myotonic dystrophy phenotypes in mammalian models (2018)

Abstract Functional depletion of the alternative splicing factors Muscleblind-like (MBNL 1 and 2) is at the basis of the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We previously showed the efficacy of miRNA downregulation in Drosophila DM1 model. Here, we screen for miRNAs that regulate MBNL1 and MBNL2 in HeLa cells. We thus identify miR-23b and miR-218 , and confirm that they downregulate MBNL proteins in this cell line. Antagonists of miR-23b and miR-218 miRNAs enhance MBNL protein levels and rescue pathogenic missplicing events in DM1 myoblasts. Systemic delivery of these “antagomiRs” similarly boost MBNL expression and improve DM1-like phenotypes, including splicing alterations, histopathology, and myotonia in the HSA LR DM1 model mice. These mammalian data provide evidence for therapeutic blocking of the miRNAs that control Muscleblind-like protein expression in myotonic dystrophy.
Development of a Battery-Free Solar Refrigerator (2000)

Recent technology developments and a systems engineering design approach have led to the development of a practical battery-free solar refrigerator as a spin-off of NASA's aerospace refrigeration research. Off-grid refrigeration is a good application of solar photovoltaic (PV) power if thermal storage is incorporated and a direct connection is made between the cooling system and the PV panel. This was accomplished by integrating water as a phase-change material into a well insulated refrigerator cabinet and by developing a microprocessor based control system that allows direct connection of a PV panel to a variable speed compressor. This second innovation also allowed peak power-point tracking from the PV panel and elimination of batteries from the system. First a laboratory unit was developed to prove the concept and then a commercial unit was produced and deployed in a field test. The laboratory unit was used to test many different configurations including thermoelectric, Stirling and vapor compression cooling systems. The final configuration used a vapor compression cooling cycle, vacuum insulation, a passive condenser, an integral evaporator/ thermal storage tank, two 77 watt PV panels and the novel controller mentioned above. The system's only moving part was the variable speed BD35 compressor made by Danfoss. The 365 liter cabinet stayed cold with as little as 274 watt-hours per day average PV power. Battery-free testing was conducted for several months with very good results. The amount of thermal storage, size of compressor and power of PV panels connected can all be adjusted to optimize the design for a given application and climate. In the commercial unit, the high cost of the vacuum insulated refrigerator cabinet and the stainless steel thermal storage tank were addressed in an effort to make the technology commercially viable. This unit started with a 142 liter, mass-produced chest freezer cabinet that had the evaporator integrated into its inner walls. Its compressor was replaced with a Danfoss DC compressor slightly larger than the one used in the laboratory unit. The control system was integrated onto a single electronics card and packaged with its starting capacitors. The water for thermal storage was placed behind a liner that was made to fit inside the original factory liner. The original condenser was also augmented with additional surface area to improve performance. PV panels with a total rated power of 180 watts were used. The unit was tested with very successful results in an outside ambient environment, demonstrating its potential for widespread use in many off-grid applications for solar refrigeration.
A Conserved Threonine within <i>Escherichia coli</i> Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Prevents Hydrolytic Editing of Leucyl-tRNA<sup>Leu</sup><sup> </sup> (2001)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure the fidelity of protein synthesis by accurately selecting and activating cognate amino acids for aminoacylation of the correct tRNA. Some tRNA synthetases have evolved an editing active site that is separate from the amino acid activation site providing two steps or "sieves" for amino acid selection. These two sieves rely on different strategies for amino acid recognition to significantly enhance the accuracy of aminoacylation. We have performed alanine scanning mutagenesis in a conserved threonine-rich region of the Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase's CP1 domain that is hypothesized to contain a putative editing active site. Characterization of purified mutant proteins led to the identification of a single conserved threonine that prevents the cognate leucine amino acid from being hydrolyzed after aminoacylation of the tRNA. Mutation of this threonine to an alanine eliminates discrimination of the cognate amino acid in the editing active site. This provides a molecular example of an amino acid discrimination mechanism in the tRNA synthetase's editing active site.
Reinvestigation of Mucohalic Acids, Versatile and Useful Building Blocks for Highly Functionalized α,β-Unsaturated γ-Butyrolactones (2002)

[reaction: see text] Mucohalic acids (mucochloric acid (1, 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one) and mucobromic acid (2, 3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one)) are inexpensive, commercially available starting materials with multiple functional groups. These compounds have been modified by way of reduction followed by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions involving arylboronic acids to afford highly functionalized alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-butyrolactones in excellent yield. The synthetic utility of these building blocks was effectively demonstrated through preparation of the antiinflammatory drug Vioxx.
Characterization techniques for aligning spatio-temporal focused ultrafast pulses (2014)

To optimize intensity-localization in spatio-temporally focused ultrafast beams we demonstrate spectral interferometric and spectrally-resolved knife edge scan methods to characterize lateral and angular spatial chirp. A novel dispersion scan yields the focused-pulse spectral phase.
Successful Islet Transplantation to Two Recipients From a Single Donor by Targeting Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mice (2007)

These findings clearly demonstrate that successful islet transplantation from one donor to two recipients is feasible by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice, thus suggesting a potential application in clinical islet transplantation if similar mechanisms of islet graft loss could be mediated in humans.
Polarization characteristics, control, and modulation of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (1995)

The gain-dependent polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers and methods for polarization control and modulation are discussed. The partitioning of power between the two orthogonal eigen polarizations is shown to depend upon the relative spectral alignment of the nondegenerate polarization cavity resonances with the laser gain spectrum. A dominant polarization can thus be maintained by employing a blue-shifted offset of the peak laser gain relative to the cavity resonance wavelength. Alternatively, the polarization can be controlled through use of anisotropic transverse cavity geometries. The orthogonal eigen polarizations are also shown to enable polarization modulation. By exploiting polarization switching transitions in cruciform lasers, polarization modulation of the fundamental mode up to 50 MHz is demonstrated. At lower modulation frequencies, complementary digital polarized output or frequency doubling of the polarized output is obtained. Control and manipulation of vertical-cavity laser polarization may prove valuable for present and future applications.