gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of sucrose phosphate synthase activity to cool temperatures in cotton fiber (1996)

The aim of this work was to study the response of sucrose phosphate synthase to cool temperatures in order to better understand its possible role in providing substrate for cellulose biosynthesis. Cotton {Gossypium hirsutwn L.) ovules were cultured in vitro at 34°C constant temperature until 18 DPA, and later some of the cultures were exposed to cycUng temperatures (12 h 34°C/12 h 15°C). SPS enzyme was extracted from fibers and assayed on 12, 18, 21, and 24 DPA. Spectrophotometric analysis of SPS showed that SPS activity increased under constant 34°C in cultivars such as Paymaster HS-200 (HS-200), Coker 312, and Acala SJ-1 (SJ-1). These cultivars represent a range of cool tolerance from most to least in the order listed. In SJ-1 and Coker 312, SPS activity lowered under cychng temperatures, whereas in HS-200 activity it remained unaltered. In vivo fiber SPS activity also increased at constant 28°C. However, in vivo SPS activity for SJ-1 was higher than in vitro, whereas the reduction in vitro was not observed for HS-200. The SPS activity pattern was maintained in both SJ-1 and HS-200 even under variable conditions such as transferring ovules to cycling temperature on different DPA, assaying at different time points in a day, and assaying at different temperatures. The effect of cool temperatures on SPS activity was not related to whether or not fibers had previously entered a high-rate stage of cellulose synthesis. SPS activity in fiber was not regulated by an internal biological rhythm, because SPS activity remained the same throughout the day despite alternating warm and cool temperatures. Assay temperatures of 15°C and 22°C were sub-optimal, whereas 30°C, 34°C, and 40°C were optimal for SPS enzyme activity. Sucrose pools analyzed using HPLC showed a tendency to decrease under cycling temperatures compared to 34°C constant in both SJ-1 and HS-200, with only a slightly greater decrease in SJ-1. Therefore, sucrose pool size is highly regulated and does not decrease commensurately with the large decrease in SPS activity under cycling temperatures observed for SJ-1. However, since these data say nothing about flux through the pool, it remains possible that the cool-temperature insensitivity of SPS activity in HS-200 is related to the increased cool tolerance of this cultivar.
Theory of feedback-generated squeezed states (1986)

Conservation of commutator brackets imposes constraints on the response of linear systems. From these constraints the minimum uncertainties of in-phase and quadrature field components in linearized parametric and oscillator systems can be determined. In this paper, a cavity containing a ``degenerate parametric wall'' is analyzed and the resulting equations are found to be identical with those of a saturated oscillator. The ideal parametric wall resonator has lower noise than the saturated oscillator. Feedback is put onto an oscillator formed by the parametric wall, and onto the saturated oscillator, by degenerate heterodyne (homodyne) detection of the oscillator output. It is shown in both cases that the field fluctuations incident upon the photodetector in the feedback loop are ``squeezed,'' i.e., the photodetector current fluctuation level is below shot noise. A semiclassical analysis arrives at the same expression for the detector current fluctuations in the limit of a highly saturated oscillator, thus permitting an alternative interpretation of these results. However, a quantum nondemolition measurement via a nonlinear interferometer ``extracts'' the squeezed states, predicted by the quantum analysis, from the feedback loop. This result has no semiclassical interpretation.
Computer simulation of idiopathic scoliosis initiated by local asymmetric growth force in a vertebral body (1995)

Scoliosis is defined as an appreciable lateral deviation with axial rotation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity which develops during a period of rapid growth and reduces after skeletal maturity. As a biomechanical approach to scoliosis, this paper presents a computer simulation method to examine the hypothesis that local asymmetric growth in a vertebral body might initiate scoliosis deformities of the spinal column.
The strategic role of exercise devices in manned spaceflight. (1990)

Exercise appears in various contexts during spaceflight. It serves as a key countermeasure against adverse physiological adaptation processes; it also plays a role in life sciences research as reference state or stimulus. Further aspects concern human factors, recreational activities, health monitoring and training for emergency egress and extra-vehicular activities. Current approaches rely on conventional ergometers, they add rather than integrate training programs, and they tend to disregard applications other than "countermeasures". Two major consequences are an appreciable impact on available crew-time and an unsolved problem: Exercise countermeasures use extrapolations of 1g-physiology in order to eliminate what physiologists would like to study: adaptation to weightlessness. New concepts and devices are required to reconcile such conflicting demands and to reduce time consumption for physical training. Key elements are an improved simulation of terrestrial locomotion and a recombination of work and physical exercise. The GRASIM device will be presented as an example for a new generation of multi-purpose "exercisers".
Brief, repeated exposure to substrates down‐regulates dopamine transporter function in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes <i>in vitro</i> and rat dorsal striatum <i>in vivo</i> (2002)

In heterologous expression systems, dopamine transporter (DAT) cell-surface localization is reduced after relatively prolonged exposure to d-amphetamine (AMPH) or dopamine (DA), suggesting a role for substrate-mediated regulation of transporter function. Here, we investigated whether brief, repeated periods of substrate exposure modulated transporter function, first, in an in vitro model system and, second, in intact rat brain. In human DAT-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes, repeated exposure to low micromolar concentrations of DA, AMPH or tyramine markedly reduced transport-mediated currents. This functional down-regulation was attenuated by inclusion of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and probably reflects DAT redistribution, as cell-surface [3H]WIN 35 428 binding was significantly lower following DA exposure. High-speed chronoamperometry was used to measure clearance of exogenously applied DA in dorsal striatum (STR) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of anesthetized rats. In STR, frequent (every 2 min) applications of DA altered DA clearance parameters in a manner consistent with profound down-regulation of DAT function. Similar changes were not observed in NAc or after repeated vehicle (ascorbic acid) application. Together, our results suggest that brief, repeated periods of substrate exposure lead to rapid down-regulation of DAT activity and that this type of regulation can occur in vivo in STR, but not NAc.
Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Lumbar Disc Herniation in Middle Aged and Elderly (2022)

Lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion disease refers to the degeneration of intervertebral disc, rupture of fibrous ring, nucleus pulpous protrusion and stimulation or compression of nerve root. The import command in Mimics medical 3D reconstruction software was used to erase the irrelevant image data and obtain vertebral body images. The original 3D model of each vertebral body was built by 3D computing function. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the effect of different surgical methods on the mechanical distribution of the spine after disentomb. The stress distribution of the spine, intervertebral disc, and left and right articular cartilage at L4/L5 stage and the position shift of the fourth lumbar vertebra were analyzed under 7 working conditions of vertical, forward flexion, extension, left and right flexion, and left and right rotation. The results showed that the established model was effective, and the smaller the area of posterior laminar decompression was, the lesser the impact on spinal stability was. The PELD treatment of lumbar disc herniation had little impact on spinal biomechanics and could achieve good long-term biomechanical stability. Combining the clinical experiment method and finite element simulation, using the advantages of finite element software to optimize the design function can provide guidance for the design and improvement of medical devices and has important significance for the study of clinical mechanical properties and biomechanics.
BENEFITS OF CENTRAL COMPUTER CONTROL FOR DENVER RAMP-METERING SYSTEM (1991)

An evaluation was made to determine the effects of providing central computer coordination on the Denver ramp-metering system. Information from the system was collected with the coordination algorithm operational and with it disabled. The data suggest that, when local demand-responsive ramp-metering control is unable to maintain freeway speeds at or near the posted limit of 55 mph, central coordination can be useful in reducing main-line delays. However, when speeds are near 55 mph with local ramp metering in operation, central coordination of the type used in the Denver system may be of little benefit.
Hybrid P2P Routing Algorithm (2009)

The existing hybrid P2P systems have resolved the problem of unbalanced load to a certain degree,but they do not resolve the contradiction between the dynamic nature of P2P equal freedom and the confidence collaboration model required by web services.The paper gives a mechanism of routing credibility assessment based on HyperCube Model,which reduces unnecessary routing by the establishment and optimization of routing index in the pre-set routing table.This enhances the efficiency of the trusted mechanism in nodes and P2P-based network.
Efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation of sodium phosphate tablets (INKP‐101), and a reduced sodium phosphate dose, in colon cleansing: a single‐center open‐label pilot trial (2005)

A new formulation of sodium phosphate with reduced microcrystalline cellulose and a lower total dose of sodium phosphate was effective for colonoscopy and well-tolerated.
Test Driven Development for Embedded C (2011)

Did you write C code last week? Does your code work? Is your design clean? If you answered yes to the first question but got queasy over the second two, you need to know about Test Driven Development. TDD helps you write code that works the first time, and then helps you keep it running as the code evolves to meet new needs. In Test Driven Development for Embedded C, author James W. Grenning shows embedded software developers how to bring the benefits of TDD to embedded C. In the book, you'll see how to apply TDD to C and the world of embedded software development. Learn how to break key dependencies, allowing code to be tested thoroughly. Explore how to test-drive your product's core logic, exploiting the power of your development environment to deliver better software. In fact, as the book shows, you can test-drive a device driver before you even have the device soldered into a circuit board. Avoid the natural delays when testing on the target by using the tailored TDD Microcycle, employing off-target tests and dual-targeted code. Learn how to make code testable and more flexible, better able to handle the inevitable changes demanded by the market. The tests drive development and then serve as an executable specification, keeping track of the critical details and assumptions baked into the code. In Test Driven Development for Embedded C, you'll find that TDD is a different way to program-unit tests are written in a tight feedback loop with the production code, producing testable code and greatly reducing wasteful debugging. TDD also influences design. When tests are considered part of design, you create modular and loosely coupled code, the hallmarks of a good design. With Test Driven Development for Embedded C, C developers-even embedded C developers-can finally write cleaner, testable code with TDD.
Reduction of hydrogen embrittlement in an ultra‐high‐strength steel by laser surface annealing (2000)

This paper shows that laser beam irradiation improves the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in an ultra‐high‐strength maraging steel. Localized laser irradiation of a peak‐aged steel plate resulted in the formation of a soft surface layer called the laser‐annealed zone (LAZ). A composite region (CR) was formed when both the top and bottom surfaces of a peak‐aged specimen were laser‐annealed (LA) to leave an interior layer of untransformed base metal (BM) sandwiched between the two LAZs. Slow strain rate tensile tests showed that LA specimens had lower strength and ductility than the peak‐aged specimens when tested in air, but in a H 2 S solution, the soft LAZs showed less susceptibility to HE than the BM. The fatigue crack growth rates (FCGRs) in the CR were lower than those in the BM regardless of testing environment and stress ratio ( R ). The retarded crack growth in the CR was attributed to the combination of residual compressive stresses and the soft microstructures in the LAZs. The tensile fracture appearance of LA specimens tested in a H 2 S solution exhibited intergranular fracture in the BM. Fractographs of the fatigue specimens tested in gaseous hydrogen revealed transgranular fracture in the LAZs and mainly quasi‐cleavage fracture in the BM.
Enabling Power-Efficient DVFS Operations on Silicon (2010)

With the perpetual power increase in modern VLSI systems, efficient and effective power management has been critical to next-generation IC designs. To overcome this grand challenge, techniques, such as dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS), have been proposed to jointly optimize power, energy and operating performance, leading to significantly improved system reliability, efficiency and battery lifetime. From both system-level and circuit-level perspectives, this paper investigates key design issues, control schemes, circuit architectures and future research directions, involved in the development of application-aware, multiple- and variable-output DC-DC power converters. The article first discusses key multiple-output converters such as the single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) DC-DC converters and their system-level integration for DVFS power management, followed by our investigation on various adaptive-output power converter topologies and corresponding design challenges. The paper also addresses the importance of hardware-software co-design for future power management systems. With the integration of the enabling hardware platform, power processing, in addition to the traditional signal processing, rises to become another key factor to next-generation VLSI designs. This naturally enables effective on-chip power tracking, power processing and thermal monitoring. More importantly, it would significantly change traditional design concepts and largely benefit signal processing in return, eventually leading to revolutionary changes on system reliability, performance, efficiency and operating lifetime.
An improved ASIC design and implementation for color space conversion applications (2002)

The design and VLSI implementation of an ASIC chip, which performs real time conversion, the Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) color coordinates to CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) standard L* (luminance), a* (redness-greenness), and b* (yellowness-blueness) color coordinates, is presented. High-speed operation of this ASIC is achieved by pipelining the input data, and performing parallel operations. The ASIC is implemented using CMOS, 2.0 /spl mu/m, n-well process. It occupies an area of 1.55/spl times/1.45 mm/sup 2/. The chip is intended to be used in colorimetry manufacturing inspection and robotics precision. Inputs are 3 bits each. a* and b* are 7 bits each, L* is 6 bits.
Characteristics of phenol oxidase of Schistosoma mansoni and its functional implications in eggshell synthesis. (1993)

It is proposed that the phenol oxidase enzyme of schistosomes and other trematodes has a crucial role in the cross-linking of precursor proteins in the formation of the eggshell. However, to date there is no direct evidence to show that the enzyme catalyzes the reactions necessary for the posttranslational modification of eggshell precursor proteins. In this report we demonstrate that an eggshell precursor protein acts as a substrate for a schistosome fraction that catalyzed the 2 steps in the oxidation of tyrosine. This action of the phenol oxidase-containing worm fraction resulted in the tyrosine-dependent insolubilization and aggregation of the protein, suggesting a role for the enzyme in the posttranslational modification and cross-linking of schistosome eggshell proteins. The enzyme-rich fraction from Schistosoma mansoni catalyzed both steps of the reactions necessary for the conversion of tyrosine residues on putative eggshell precursor protein (p48) to quinones. The parasite fraction also catalyzed the hydroxylation of free L-tyrosine to DOPA (monophenol oxidase activity) and the oxidation of L-DOPA to dopaquinone (diphenol oxidase activity). Both activities of the enzyme are avidly bound to membranous structures, are susceptible to agents known to inhibit a functionally related enzyme, tyrosinase, and may reside on the same protein.
Hyperglycemic conditions modulate connective tissue reorganization by human vascular smooth muscle cells through stimulation of hyaluronan synthesis (2010)

Changes in the extracellular matrix organization within vascular walls are critical events in the process of atherosclerosis including diabetic macroangiopathy. Here, we examined whether glucose can directly modulate connective tissue reorganization by human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Using a collagen gel contraction (CGC) assay, we demonstrated that in comparison with normal glucose concentration (5 mM), high glucose concentration (25 mM) inhibits the efficacy of VSMCs to contract collagen gels. With human genome microarrays, we showed a significant increase in the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) by VSMCs in hyperglycemic conditions. The finding was verified with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, which also revealed that the expression of the other hyaluronan synthesizing enzymes, HAS1 and HAS3, was stimulated concomitantly. A corresponding increase was observed in hyaluronan (HA) production. Treatment of VSMCs either with hyaluronidase or with 4-methylumbelliferone, an inhibitor of HA synthesis, partially restored the diminished CGC efficacy of VSMCs in hyperglycemic conditions. In conclusion, high glucose concentration stimulated HA synthesis by VSMCs and modulated their ability to reorganize collagen-rich matrix. Because HA is known to enhance the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions, our study provides a new potential mechanism whereby hyperglycemia leads to disturbed vascular remodeling in diabetic patients through stimulation of HA synthesis.
Mechanik und Festigkeitslehre (2023)

You have accessMechanik und FestigkeitslehreJul 2023Mechanik und Festigkeitslehrehttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446479036.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2023Pages: 1-10Print ISBN: 978-3-446-47902-9eISBN: 978-3-446-47903-6 PDF downloadLoading ...
Colombo (Sri Lanka) (2012)

Description: Largest city and former administrative capital of Sri Lanka; an important seaport where colonial powers once vied for control of the spice trade.Site Office: Ceylon Tourist Board 78 Steuart Place P. O. Box 1504 Colombo 3 Sri Lanka (43) 7059 or (43) 7060Colombo, with a population of approximately 1 million, is ten times as large as any other city in Sri Lanka, but it did not begin to grow to any considerable extent until the sixteenth century. It had been a small seaport for centuries prior to that. The port first was mentioned by the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Fa Xian, writing in the fifth century A.D., who called it Kao-lan-pu. The Sinhalese, an Indo-Aryan people who had settled in Sri Lanka in the sixth or fifth century B.C, referred to the town as Kolamba, which probably derives from a Sinhalese word meaning "port" or "ferry." Whatever the site's name, its role as a seaport became its defining feature.
Intracellular Calcium and Cell Function (1989)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Size-Dependent Properties of Two-Dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> (2016)

The characteristic differences between MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets and nanodots are investigated. The nanosheets were formed by liquid-phase sonication, while the nanodots were formed by breaking the nanosheets through heating the solvent ethylene glycol. The nanosheets and nanodots were approximately 0.7–2 nm thick, with slight deviation. Most of the nanosheets were longer than 100 nm, and most of the nanodots were shorter than 5 nm. As the bulk materials were transformed into nanosheets and/or nanodots, the absorption peaks and Raman peaks shifted to shorter wavelengths. Photoluminescence peaks were observed at 500 and 445 nm in the MoS2 and WS2 samples smaller than 100 nm. In the X-ray diffraction spectra, only the (002) peak was present in the nanosheets, while no peak was detected for the nanodots due to their small size. No detectable differences between the nanosheets and nanodots were observed in the transmission electron micrographs, synchrotron radiation photoemission spectra, or work function measurements, suggesting that exfoliation did not affect the crystal structure or bonding configuration of MoS2 and WS2. These results could potentially be used for the application of MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets and nanodots in optical devices, hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts, bioapplicable devices, and so on.
Discussion: “Earnings and Risk Changes around Private Placements of Equity” (1998)

Hertzel and Rees provide a rational explanation for a positive stock market reaction to the announcements of private sales of common equity by publicly traded firms. While previous research by Wruck (1989) and Hertzel and Smith (1993) focused on studying returns to equity holders, Hertzel and Rees focus on examining why the stock returns around the announcements are significantly positive. The authors examine two potential explanations: a change in risk and a change in future earnings. Their empirical findings are consistent with a change in earnings explanation but not with a change in risk explanation.
The Mins and Finance (1990)

The Min clan from Yŏhŭg near Yŏju in Kyŏnggi Province gained prominence at the end of the Chosŏn Dynasty with the decline of the Andong Kim clan. Viscount Min Yŏng-hwi (1852–1935; pen name, Hajŏng) and his sons, Taesik and Kyu-sik, turned their energies mainly to finance, with interests in agriculture and industry as well. The father had been appointed to the board of the Hanil Bank in August of 1912. Within three years Min Yŏng-hwi won executive control, relinquishing the presidency to his son Tae-sik only in 1920. The family retained executive responsibilities and the major block of shares in the Hanil and its successor from 1931, the Tongil Bank. Aristocratic status and long experience of high political office served the family well in relations with the state and other Korean investors during the colonial years. Education abroad was a further advantage for the younger of the sons, Kyu-sik, a graduate of Cambridge University. Min Tae-sik's son, Pyŏng-do graduated from Keio University before returning to Korea for a career in the Bank of Chōsen and the Tongil.