gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Neuropathic Chronic Painwith Methadone Combined with Ketamine: ARandomized, Double Blind, Active-ControlledClinical Trial (2017)

This study indicates that ketamine was better than methadone or methadone/ketamine for treating neuropathic pain.Key words: Multimodal analgesia, refractory pain, NMDA receptor, opioid.
Transposon Insertions in the <i>Flavobacterium johnsoniae ftsX</i> Gene Disrupt Gliding Motility and Cell Division (2000)

Flavobacterium johnsoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that exhibits gliding motility. To determine the mechanism of flavobacterial gliding motility, we isolated 33 nongliding mutants by Tn4351 mutagenesis. Seventeen of these mutants exhibited filamentous cell morphology. The region of DNA surrounding the transposon insertion in the filamentous mutant CJ101-207 was cloned and sequenced. The transposon was inserted in a gene that was similar to Escherichia coli ftsX. Two of the remaining 16 filamentous mutants also carried insertions in ftsX. Introduction of the wild-type F. johnsoniae ftsX gene restored motility and normal cell morphology to each of the three ftsX mutants. CJ101-207 appears to be blocked at a late stage of cell division, since the filaments produced cross walls but cells failed to separate. In E. coli, FtsX is thought to function with FtsE in translocating proteins involved in potassium transport, and perhaps proteins involved in cell division, into the cytoplasmic membrane. Mutations in F. johnsoniae ftsX may prevent translocation of proteins involved in cell division and proteins involved in gliding motility into the cytoplasmic membrane, thus resulting in defects in both processes. Alternatively, the loss of gliding motility may be an indirect result of the defect in cell division. The inability to complete cell division may alter the cell architecture and disrupt gliding motility by preventing the synthesis, assembly, or functioning of the motility apparatus.
Molecular CT scan could speed drug discovery (2018)

Structure mapping works with vanishingly small samples in just minutes.
A defensin with highly potent antipathogenic activities from the seeds of purple pole bean (2009)

A 5443 Da peptide with sequence homology to defensins was purified from purple pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'Extra-long Purple Pole bean'). This peptide was isolated by adsorption on an affinity chromatographic medium Affi-Gel Blue gel and ion-exchange chromatographic media SP-Sepharose (sulfopropyl-Sepharose) and Mono S and by gel filtration on Superdex peptide. The peptide inhibited mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Helminthosporium maydis, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, Candida albicans and Setosphaeria turcica with an IC50 of 0.8, 0.9, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 4.8 and 9.8 microM respectively. Its antifungal potency was higher than that of the plant defensin coccinin (IC50>50 microM). It induced membrane permeabilization in C. albicans as evidenced by SYTOX Green uptake, but did not affect erythrocyte membrane permeability. It inhibited growth in M. arachidicola by inducing chitin accumulation at hyphal tips as was shown by Congo Red staining. The antifungal activity was pH stable and thermostable. The peptide inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HT29) and cervical cancer (SiHa) cells but not that of human embryonic liver (WRL68) cells. Its anti-HepG2 activity (IC50=4.1+/-0.8 microM, n=3) was higher than that of another plant defensin, gymnin (IC50>50 microM). Its anti-MCF7 activity (IC50=8.3+/-0.3 microM, n=3) was similar to that of other plant defensins. It reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 0.5+/-0.1 microM, n=3, much more potently than other plant defensins (IC50>40 microM). There is the possibility of using the purple pole bean defensin for producing antifungal drugs and/or transgenic plants with fungal resistance.
Genetic Disruption of Lactate/H+ Symporters (MCTs) and Their Subunit CD147/BASIGIN Sensitizes Glycolytic Tumor Cells to Phenformin (2014)

Rapidly growing glycolytic tumors require energy and intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis through the activity of two major monocarboxylate transporters, MCT1 and the hypoxia-inducible MCT4, in intimate association with the glycoprotein CD147/BASIGIN (BSG). To further explore and validate the blockade of lactic acid export as an anticancer strategy, we disrupted, via zinc finger nucleases, MCT4 and BASIGIN genes in colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T) and glioblastoma (U87) human cell lines. First, we showed that homozygous loss of MCT4 dramatically sensitized cells to the MCT1 inhibitor AZD3965. Second, we demonstrated that knockout of BSG leads to a decrease in lactate transport activity of MCT1 and MCT4 by 10- and 6-fold, respectively. Consequently, cells accumulated an intracellular pool of lactic and pyruvic acids, magnified by the MCT1 inhibitor decreasing further pHi and glycolysis. As a result, we found that these glycolytic/MCT-deficient cells resumed growth by redirecting their metabolism toward OXPHOS. Third, we showed that in contrast with parental cells, BSG-null cells became highly sensitive to phenformin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Phenformin addition to these MCT-disrupted cells in normoxic and hypoxic conditions induced a rapid drop in cellular ATP-inducing cell death by "metabolic catastrophe." Finally, xenograft analysis confirmed the deleterious tumor growth effect of MCT1/MCT4 ablation, an action enhanced by phenformin treatment. Collectively, these findings highlight that inhibition of the MCT/BSG complexes alone or in combination with phenformin provides an acute anticancer strategy to target highly glycolytic tumors. This genetic approach validates the anticancer potential of the MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitors in current development.
System identification using nonstationary signals (1996)

The conventional method for identifying the transfer function of an unknown linear system consists of a least squares fit of its input to its output. It is equivalent to identifying the frequency response of the system by calculating the empirical cross-spectrum between the system's input and output, divided by the empirical auto-spectrum of the input process. However, if the additive noise at the system's output is correlated with the input process, e.g., in case of environmental noise that affects both system's input and output, the method may suffer from a severe bias effect. We present a modification of the cross-spectral method that exploits nonstationary features in the data in order to circumvent bias effects caused by correlated stationary noise. The proposed method is particularly attractive to problems of multichannel signal enhancement and noise cancellation, when the desired signal is nonstationary in nature, e.g., speech or image.
The adipocyte differentiation protein APMAP is an endogenous suppressor of Aβ production in the brain (2014)

The deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is generated from the cleavage of C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP-CTFs) by γ-secretase, an intramembrane-cleaving protease with multiple substrates, including the Notch receptors. Endogenous modulation of γ-secretase is pointed to be implicated in the sporadic, age-dependent form of AD. Moreover, specifically modulating Aβ production has become a priority for the safe treatment of AD because the inhibition of γ-secretase results in adverse effects that are related to impaired Notch cleavage. Here, we report the identification of the adipocyte differentiation protein APMAP as a novel endogenous suppressor of Aβ generation. We found that APMAP interacts physically with γ-secretase and its substrate APP. In cells, the partial depletion of APMAP drastically increased the levels of APP-CTFs, as well as uniquely affecting their stability, with the consequence being increased secretion of Aβ. In wild-type and APP/ presenilin 1 transgenic mice, partial adeno-associated virus-mediated APMAP knockdown in the hippocampus increased Aβ production by ∼20 and ∼55%, respectively. Together, our data demonstrate that APMAP is a negative regulator of Aβ production through its interaction with APP and γ-secretase. All observed APMAP phenotypes can be explained by an impaired degradation of APP-CTFs, likely caused by an altered substrate transport capacity to the lysosomal/autophagic system.
Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Bis-Aminophosphine Pincer Complexes (2011)

The aminophosphine ligands CH2(CH2NHPtBu2)2 (1), (CH2NHPtBu2)2 (2), and (CH2NMePtBu2)2 (3) were prepared from the corresponding amines and ClPtBu2. The ligand 1 reacts with PdI2 to give the pincer complex (κ3P,C,P-CH(CH2NHPtBu2)2)PdI (4). The analogous reaction of 1 with NiCl2(dme) gave a the purple product (κ3P,N,P-tBu2PNH(CH2)3NPtBu2)NiCl (5), which contains a strained three-membered P–N–Ni ring. Subsequent reaction of 5 with B(C6F5)3 resulted in conversion to (κ3P,C,P-CH(CH2NHPtBu2)2)NiCl (6). The related reaction of the aminophosphine ligand 2 with PdI2 and with NiCl2(dme) led, in both cases, to the complexes (κ3P,N,P-tBu2PNH(CH2)2NPtBu2)MX (MX = PdI (7), NiCl (8)), respectively, whereas the reaction of 3 with PdX2 gave (κ3P,C,P-tBu2PN(Me)CHCH2N(Me)PtBu2)PdX (X = I (9), Br (10), Cl (11)). The analogous reaction of 3 with NiCl2(dme) afforded [(tBu2PH)(NMe)(CH2)2(NMe)(tBu2P)NiCl3], (12), which upon treatment with B(C6F5)3 afforded the species (κ3P,C,P-tBu2PN(Me)CHCH2N(Me)PtBu2)NiCl (13). Crystallographic studies of 4–6, 8, 9, 11, and 12 are reported. The implications of these results are considered.
Prognostic and predictive molecular markers in colorectal carcinoma. (2004)

Tumour markers are molecules occurring in blood or tissue that are associated with cancer and whose measurement or identification is useful in patient diagnosis or clinical management. The ideal marker would occur only in patients with malignancy, and would correlate with stage and response to treatment, however, to date there are few reliable prognostic markers in colorectal cancer (CRC), consequently much research is focused on identifying such markers. This review aims to summarise the most important currently available markers in CRC that provide prognostic or predictive information. Amongst others, it covers serum markers such as CEA and CA19-9, markers expressed in tumour tissue such as thymidylate synthase and also the expression/loss of expression of certain oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes such as K-ras and p53. The prognostic value of genomic instability, angiogenesis and proliferative indices such as apoptotic index is discussed.
Real-Time Adaptive VVO/CVR Topology Using Multi-Agent System and IEC 61850-Based Communication Protocol (2013)

This paper proposes a new approach for real-time and adaptive Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)/conservation voltage reduction (CVR) system using Intelligent Agents, communicating through IEC 61850 Goose Messaging Protocol. The paper also proposes new real-time adaptive VVO/CVR algorithms tailored for different service level targets and system topologies. The paper argues that each of these variations requires different Intelligent Agent Systems, data structures, and communication requirements. To test the applicability of the VVO/CVR optimization engine, a modified IEEE 34 Node system is used as case study.
Comprehensive physical modeling of forming and switching operations in HfO2 RRAM devices (2011)

In this work we apply a physical model based on charge transport and molecular mechanics/dynamics simulations to investigate the physical mechanisms governing the RRAM forming and switching operations. The proposed model identifies the major driving forces controlling conductive filament (CF) formation and changes during RRAM switching, thus providing a tool for investigation and optimization of RRAM devices.
Transfusion Medicine: An Overview and Update (2000)

The discovery of AIDS in the 1980s and its rapid evolution as a major concern for physicians and their patients have led to many questions about the safety of the blood supply. The attention placed on AIDS has led to new discoveries and technologies to reduce the risk of other transfusion complications such as hepatitis, bacterial contamination, and transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease. Concerns about blood safety have focused much attention on alternative blood transfusion strategies such as autologous blood, viral inactivation, and artificial blood substitutes. This review describes the transfusion medicine delivery system in the United States, with special emphasis on evolving developments and their implications for the discipline of chemical pathology.
Can LSI help reconstructing requirements traceability in design and test? (2006)

Managing traceability data is an important aspect of the software development process. In this paper, we investigate to what extent latent semantic indexing (LSI), an information retrieval technique, can help recovering the information needed for automatically reconstructing traceability during the development process. We experimented with two different link selection strategies and applied LSI in multiple case studies varying in size and context. We discuss the results of a small lab study, a larger case study and a large industrial case study
Applications of Gene Editing in Chickens: A New Era Is on the Horizon (2018)

The chicken represents a valuable model for research in the area of immunology, infectious diseases as well as developmental biology. Although it was the first livestock species to have its genome sequenced, there was no reverse genetic technology available to help understanding specific gene functions. Recently, homologous recombination was used to knockout the chicken immunoglobulin genes. Subsequent studies using immunoglobulin knockout birds helped to understand different aspects related to B cell development and antibody production. Furthermore, the latest advances in the field of genome editing including the CRISPR/Cas9 system allowed the introduction of site specific gene modifications in various animal species. Thus, it may provide a powerful tool for the generation of genetically modified chickens carrying resistance for certain pathogens. This was previously demonstrated by targeting the Trp38 region which was shown to be effective in the control of avian leukosis virus in chicken DF-1 cells. Herein we review the current and future prospects of gene editing and how it possibly contributes to the development of resistant chickens against infectious diseases.
Microlens performance limits in sub-2μm pixel CMOS image sensors (2010)

CMOS image sensors with smaller pixels are expected to enable digital imaging systems with better resolution. When pixel size scales below 2 mum, however, diffraction affects the optical performance of the pixel and its microlens, in particular. We present a first-principles electromagnetic analysis of microlens behavior during the lateral scaling of CMOS image sensor pixels. We establish for a three-metal-layer pixel that diffraction prevents the microlens from acting as a focusing element when pixels become smaller than 1.4 microm. This severely degrades performance for on and off-axis pixels in red, green and blue color channels. We predict that one-metal-layer or backside-illuminated pixels are required to extend the functionality of microlenses beyond the 1.4 microm pixel node.
An Availability-Aware Virtual Machine Placement Approach for Dynamic Scaling of Cloud Applications (2012)

Cloud computing promises customers the on-demand ability to dynamically provision virtualization resources in face of workload variations. Most existing scaling approaches addressed this problem by allocating application to a certain amount of cloud resources. However, the problem of the availability of application influenced by VM-based physical locations during resource scaling process is a serious challenge due to dynamic complex workload and has not been widely discussed yet. In this paper, we present a novel availability-based computing model to describe availability attribute of one application in the hierarchical structured cloud. Moreover, we propose an availability-aware policy by performing both vertical and horizontal scaling to explore how and where to allocate computing resource. Simulation results indicate that our model captured the availability of cloud applications properly and proposed scaling approach achieves the objectives of meeting availability demands and minimizing the total communication cost.
Moving object map analytics: A framework enabling contextual spatial-temporal analytics of Internet of Things applications (2016)

Moving objects, for example vehicles, vessels, people, are being instrumented with Internet of Things devices such as GPS, environmental sensors, mobile cameras that produce big streaming data with spatial-temporal features enabling application innovations in many industries for autonomous driving, usage based insurance, fleet management, etc. We introduce an analytics framework to streamline the insights discovery from such big data on top of geographic map by pulling together a list of commonly required high performance functions with service-oriented architecture. Supported by a service composition approach, comprehensive applications intelligently managing moving objects could be built effectively. Example applications in connected vehicle domains are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of such a framework.
Inferring Air Quality for Station Location Recommendation Based on Urban Big Data (2015)

This paper tries to answer two questions. First, how to infer real-time air quality of any arbitrary location given environmental data and historical air quality data from very sparse monitoring locations. Second, if one needs to establish few new monitoring stations to improve the inference quality, how to determine the best locations for such purpose? The problems are challenging since for most of the locations (>99%) in a city we do not have any air quality data to train a model from. We design a semi-supervised inference model utilizing existing monitoring data together with heterogeneous city dynamics, including meteorology, human mobility, structure of road networks, and point of interests (POIs). We also propose an entropy-minimization model to suggest the best locations to establish new monitoring stations. We evaluate the proposed approach using Beijing air quality data, resulting in clear advantages over a series of state-of-the-art and commonly used methods.
Approaches to influence starch quantity and starch quality in transgenic plants (1994)

ABSTRACT Starch plays a major role as a transitory and long‐term storage compound in higher plants, and therefore is of prime importance for plant growth and development. Additionally, starch serves as a widely used material for a variety of industrial uses. The formation of starch can arbitrarily be divided into three types of event: (I) those leading to the supply of glucose‐1‐phosphate in the plastids; (II) the conversion of glucose‐1‐phosphate to ADP‐glucose catalysed by the enzyme ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase; and (III) the enzymatic reactions converting ADP‐glucose to long‐chain glucans (amylopectin, amylose). In recent years, numerous cDNA and genomic sequences encoding enzymes involved in starch metabolism have been identified. Some of these have been used to down‐regulate enzyme activities via the antisense RNA technique. Additionally, bacterial genes have been ectopically expressed in transgenic plants in order to increase corresponding enzyme activities. By modulating the activity of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase in plastids, it was possible to decrease and increase, respectively, the starch content in source and sink organs of transgenic plants. In addition, down‐regulation of granule‐bound starch synthase (isoform I) resulted in the production of starch that was almost completely free of amylose. Further experiments aimed to modulate starch structure are currently underway and will briefly be discussed.
Transgenic Plants in Phytoremediation:  Recent Advances and New Possibilities (2005)

Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes to remedy contaminated soils, sediments, and groundwater, is emerging as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology. Due in large part to its aesthetic appeal, this technology has gained increasing attention over the past 10 years. Phytoremediation uses different plant processes and mechanisms normally involved in the accumulation, complexation, volatilization, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, are good candidates in phytoremediation, particularly for the removal of heavy metals. Phytoremediation efficiency of plants can be substantially improved using genetic engineering technologies. Recent research results, including overexpression of genes whose protein products are involved in metal uptake, transport, and sequestration, or act as enzymes involved in the degradation of hazardous organics, have opened up new possibilities in phytoremediation. This paper provides a critical review of the recent progress made toward the development of transgenic plants with improved phytoremediation capabilities and their potential use in environmental cleanup.
Biology and feeding behaviour of the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) (1993)

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, accomplit completement son cycle de vie en laboratoire, quand on le nourrit d'un tetranyque, Tetranychus urticae Koch, d'un eriophyide, Eriophyes dioscoridis Soliman et Abou-Awad, et comme substance alimentaire alternative, de grains de pollen de Ricinus communis (L.). A. swirskii se developpe plus vite et sa reproduction est plus importante quand on le nourrit d'E. dioscoridis. Sur R. communis la duree du developpement s'accroit tandis que le taux de reproduction decroit. Les femelles predatrices consomment quotidiennement, respectivement 15 et 125 individus de T. urticae et de E. dioscoridis. Le nombre d'œufs deposes chaque jour quand le predateur se nourrit de l'eriophyide est de 3.0 œufs par jour et par femelle, tandis qu'il n'est que de 1,7 œufs avec une autre proie ou des grains de pollen
The influence of Sr doses on the <i>in vitro</i> biocompatibility and <i>in vivo</i> degradability of single‐phase Sr‐incorporated HAP cement (2007)

In previous studies, we developed a new type of Sr-incorporated hydroxyapatite cement (Sr-HAC), which was shown to have many excellent physiochemical properties, by an ionic cement route (Guo et al., Biomaterials 2005;26:4073-4083). As a further study, the main aims of this article were to examine the Sr-HAC's in vitro biocompatibility, including acute toxicity, hemolytic reaction, pyrogen reaction, and cytoxicity, to evaluate its in vivo degradability during intramuscular and femur implantation, and also to investigate the influence of Sr doses on these properties. The in vitro results show that all of the Sr-HAC samples exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility, and the Sr/(Sr+Ca) molar ratio has an important effect on these properties. For example, the Sr-HAC with a Sr/(Sr+Ca) molar ratio of 5% (5% Sr-HAC) has higher biocompatibility than both the one with a Sr/(Sr+Ca) molar ratio of 10% (10% Sr-HAC) and the Sr-free one. The in vivo results of both the rabbit intramuscular and femur implantation experiments show that the Sr-HAC samples exhibit a much faster degradation rate than the Sr-free one, and that this also depends on the Sr/(Sr+Ca) molar ratio. Specifically, the mean degradation rate of the 10% Sr-HAC increases by an amplitude of 73.9 wt % compared with that of the Sr-free HAC. In addition, the optical transmission photographs show that the Sr doses play an important role on the interface between the implants and the new bone. The energy dispersion X-ray spectrum analysis indicates that there exists a gradient distribution of Sr element in the tight and bioactive interface between the implants and new bone, indicating that the Sr element takes a share in the mineralization of the new bone together with Ca element.