gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tenascin-C lines the migratory pathways of avian primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells (1996)

Tenascin-C is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, connective tissue development, and the formation of the central nervous system. Tenascin-C also lines the pathways followed by migrating avian neural crest cells, although its role in neural crest morphogenesis remains unclear. In vitro, tenascin-C interferes with cell-fibronectin interactions, and promotes the motility of many cell types including the neural crest. To determine if tenascin-C is a consistent component of matrices through which invasive embryonic cells migrate, we have investigated if tenascin-C is associated with 2 additional populations of motile, embryonic cells: primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have found that HNK-1, a monoclonal antibody used as a marker of neural crest, also stains avian primordial germ cells. Double-label immunohistochemistry reveals that tenascin-C is found in the mesenchyme adjacent to the ventral half of the dorsal aorta where the primordial germ cells penetrate the vessel wall, and both tenascin-C and fibronectin are present in the extracellular matrix through which the primordial germ cells migrate to reach the genital ridges. Unlike fibronectin, which is found throughout the splanchnic mesoderm, tenascin-C is concentrated in the proximal part of the splanchnic region where the primordial germ cells are concentrated. In embryos where the gonadal anlagen are surgically removed before the primordial germ cells leave the bloodstream, ectopic primordial germ cells were found exclusively in head and trunk mesenchyme containing tenascin-C. Like primordial germ cells, a subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate through the mesenchyme ventral to the dorsal aorta where they form hematopoietic clusters. Others bud directly into the lumen of the aorta. Anti-tenascin-C stains the mesenchyme surrounding the migrating cells as well as the basal surfaces of the cells that appear to be budding into the lumen. In situ hybridization with a tenascin-C-specific cDNA probe shows that the major sources of the tenascin-C mRNA in this region are the hematopoietic progenitor cells themselves as well as the cells in the wall of the ventral aorta. mRNAs encoding 3 major splice variants of tenascin-C were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the embryonic aorta and adjacent mesenchyme dissected from both the region of primordial germ cell and hematopoietic precursor cell migration. These experiments indicate that tenascin-C is a component of the migratory environment for many motile cells in the early embryo, where it has the potential to mediate cell-fibronectin interactions.
Complex Spectral Mapping with a Convolutional Recurrent Network for Monaural Speech Enhancement (2019)

Phase is important for perceptual quality in speech enhancement. However, it seems intractable to directly estimate phase spectrogram through supervised learning due to lack of clear structure in phase spectrogram. Complex spectral mapping aims to estimate the real and imaginary spectrograms of clean speech from those of noisy speech, which simultaneously enhances magnitude and phase responses of noisy speech. In this paper, we propose a new convolutional recurrent network (CRN) for complex spectral mapping, which leads to a causal system for noise- and speaker-independent speech enhancement. In terms of objective intelligibility and perceptual quality, the proposed CRN significantly outperforms an existing convolutional neural network (CNN) for complex spectral mapping, as well as a strong CRN for magnitude spectral mapping. We additionally incorporate a newly-developed group strategy to substantially reduce the number of trainable parameters and the computational cost without sacrificing performance.
The synergistic inhibitive effect of tungstate with zinc ions on the corrosion of iron in aqueous environments (2002)

Zinc ions, produced by the electrolytic dissolution of zinc metal rods, exhibited excellent inhibition efficiency, especially in combination with the synergistic additions of tungstate and nitrite ions. The optimum ratio of tungstate: nitrite: zinc was found to be 10:10:1 and the combination of tungstate: 100 ppm ‐ nitrite: 100 ppm ‐ zinc: 10 ppm (System A) gave the best results of all the systems studied. This system requires a much smaller concentration of tungstate and nitrite ions, as compared to the concentrations typically used and claimed to offer optimal inhibition efficiency. Long‐term open circuit potential measurements indicated that effective passivation occurred within 3 days of immersion. The passive layer thus formed on the metal surface retained its protective capability for several weeks, even after test coupons were transferred into a depleted inhibitor solution. The possible mechanism of the passivation is discussed.
Bioluminescence Methods and Protocols (1998)

Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Bioluminescence Methods and Protocols brings together a collection of innovative methods for the use of luciferase and green fluorescent protein in analytical biochemistry, molecular toxicology, environmental monitoring, and cell-based assays. The contributors-all hands-on researchers who have perfected their protcols-illustrate these powerful methods with a wide variety of applications ranging from the analytical determination (titer) of specific molecules to the cellular detection of a wide range of pollutants, to microbiological detection and analysis, and the molecular biological manipulation of lux, luc, and gfp structural genes. Step-by-step methods for the construction of other recombinant organisms are also included. Bioluminescence Methods and Protocols represents the state-of-the-art in luminescent assays. Its cutting-edge techniques, diversely illustrated applications, and detailed instructions will make it the standard reference for today's investigators who want to adapt established techniques to their purposes or apply them to a wide range of clinical, microbiological, environmental, toxicological, and analytical problems
TACSAT-4 solar cell experiment: Advanced solar cell technologies in a high radiation environment (2009)

The TACSAT-4 Solar Cell Experiment will measure the current and voltage characteristics of advanced EMCORE BTJM solar cells thinned to 100 microns and ATJM cells under an 8.5X ENTECH Stretched Lens. TACSAT-4 will fly in a highly elliptical orbit, passing through the electron and proton belts every six hours. This orbit is expected to induce a 25% power reduction in one year due to radiation damage. In addition to demonstrating these new technologies, TACSAT-4 will also demonstrate a radiation hard solar cell measurement circuit designed to a simple interface capable of meeting the standard requirement for future solar arrays built to the AIAA S-122-2007, ¿Electrical Power Systems for Unmanned Spacecraft.¿ TACSAT-4 will launch in September of 2009.
Quantitative General Theory for Periodic Breathing in Chronic Heart Failure and its Clinical Implications (2000)

This analytical approach identifies the physiological abnormalities that are important in the genesis of PB and explicitly defines the region of predicted instability. The clinical data identify chemoreflex gain and delay time (rather than hyperventilation or hypocapnia) as causes of PB.
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THREE LANE TIDAL FLOW BRIDGES (1984)

Sydney has a number of three lane tidal flow bridges on major arterial roads where they cross Sydney harbour and adjacent rivers. Until recently the tidal flow direction on these bridges was controlled manually using electrically operated signs and placement of candy bars. This arrangement was only a compromise and still caused large delays on occasions when the tidal directions were not changed at the right time or when the demand in both directions exceeded the capacity of a single lane. The paper describes a traffic responsive automatic system using moveable median islands and electric signs controlled locally by a modified microprocessor traffic controller and strategically by the Sydney co-ordinated adaptive traffic system (SCATS). The traffic requirements and the control algorithms are discussed as well as the mechanical and electrical design of the system. The design considerations employed to ensure a system of high safety and reliability are covered. (Author/TRRL)
Aggregation of the Amphipathic Peptides (AAKA)<i><sub>n</sub></i>into Antiparallel β-Sheets (2006)

Helical wheel projections of peptides based on the repeating unit Ac-(AAKA)n-NH2 clearly illustrate an amphipathic nature. One should therefore expect these peptides to form helices if the number of residues exceeds a certain threshold value. Indeed, ECD measurements show that Ac-(AAKA)4-NH2 and, to a minor extent, also Ac-(AAKA)3-NH2 exhibit some helical content at millimolar concentrations in aqueous solution. Surprisingly, however, these peptides were found to form hydrogels with an antiparallel beta-sheet conformation at centimolar concentrations. This occurs despite the positively charged lysine side chain which would be expected to inhibit the formation of extended beta-sheet layers.
Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSize Exclusion Chromatography and Related Separation TechniquesHoward G. Barth, Barry E. Boyes, and Christian JacksonView Author Information Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80228, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0228, Little Falls Analytical DivisionNewport, Hewlett-Packard Company, 538 First State Boulevard, Newport, Delaware 19804, and Marshall Laboratory, DuPont Automative Products, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 12, 251–278Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1998Publication History Published online1 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a1980015thttps://doi.org/10.1021/a1980015treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3030Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Receptors,Size exclusion chromatography Get e-Alerts
Langerhans cells require signals from both tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β for migration (1997)

The induction phase of contact sensitization is associated with the movement of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) from the skin and their migration, via afferent lymphatics, to draining lymph nodes where they accumulate as immunostimulatory dendritic cells (DC). It has been demonstrated previously that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) provides an important signal for LC migration and that in the absence of this cytokine, movement of LC from the epidermis to regional lymph nodes is inhibited. Recent evidence indicates that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a cytokine produced in murine epidermis exclusively by LC, may also play a role in LC migration. The purpose of the investigations described here was to clarify, using relevant neutralizing anti-cytokine antibodies, the contributions made by TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta to the migration of LC from the epidermis. It was found that like anti-TNF-alpha, anti-IL-1 beta administered systemically to mice (by intraperitoneal injection), prior to skin sensitization with the contact allergen oxazolone, resulted in a marked inhibition of DC accumulation in draining lymph nodes. It was shown also that anti-IL-1 beta inhibited TNF-alpha-induced LC migration and DC accumulation and that; in similar fashion, the stimulation of LC migration and DC accumulation induced by IL-1 beta was compromised by prior treatment with anti-TNF-alpha. Based upon these data it is proposed that the stimulation of LC migration in response to skin sensitization requires the receipt by LC of two independent signals, one provided by TNF-alpha and the other by IL-1 beta. Morphological analyses of LC in epidermal sheets prepared from animals exposed to these cytokines with or without prior systemic treatment with anti-cytokine antibody suggested that the changes induced in LC by TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta may include the altered expression of adhesion molecules and acquisition of the ability to interact with and pass through the basement membrane.
Ubiquitous Calpains Promote Caspase-12 and JNK Activation during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Apoptosis (2006)

Ubiquitously expressed mu- and m-calpain proteases are implicated in development and apoptosis. They consist of 80-kDa catalytic subunits encoded by the capn1 and capn2 genes, respectively, and a common 28-kDa regulatory subunit encoded by the capn4 gene. The regulatory subunit is required to maintain the stability and activity of mu- and m-calpains. Accordingly, genetic disruption of capn4 in the mouse eliminated both ubiquitous calpain activities. In embryonic fibroblasts derived from these mice, calpain deficiency correlated with resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, and this was directly related to a calpain requirement for activation of both caspase-12 and the ASK1-JNK cascade. This study provides compelling genetic evidence for calpain's role in caspase-12 activation at the ER, and reveals a novel role for the ubiquitous calpains in ER-stress induced apoptosis and JNK activation.
HR and analytics: why HR is set to fail the big data challenge (2016)

The HR world is abuzz with talk of big data and the transformative potential of HR analytics. This article takes issue with optimistic accounts, which hail HR analytics as a ‘must have’ capability that will ensure HR's future as a strategic management function while transforming organisational performance for the better. It argues that unless the HR profession wises up to both the potential and drawbacks of this emerging field and engages operationally and strategically to develop better methods and approaches, it is unlikely that existing practices of HR analytics will deliver transformational change. Indeed, it is possible that current trends will seal the exclusion of HR from strategic, board‐level influence while doing little to benefit organisations and actively damaging the interests of employees.
Single-Agent Policy Tree Search With Guarantees (2018)

We introduce two novel tree search algorithms that use a policy to guide search. The first algorithm is a best-first enumeration that uses a cost function that allows us to prove an upper bound on the number of nodes to be expanded before reaching a goal state. We show that this best-first algorithm is particularly well suited for `needle-in-a-haystack' problems. The second algorithm is based on sampling and we prove an upper bound on the expected number of nodes it expands before reaching a set of goal states. We show that this algorithm is better suited for problems where many paths lead to a goal. We validate these tree search algorithms on 1,000 computer-generated levels of Sokoban, where the policy used to guide the search comes from a neural network trained using A3C. Our results show that the policy tree search algorithms we introduce are competitive with a state-of-the-art domain-independent planner that uses heuristic search.
Creating Interprofessional Student Teams (2008)

Seven papers included in this systematic review did not deal with the multiplicative or the additive type of interaction between radon exposure and smoking habit. Six papers discussed the nature of this interaction with a prevalence of the sub-multiplicative model compared to the additive one. Altogether, smoking adjustment did not significantly change lung cancer risk. The included studies might constitute a starting point for updating the models for risk assessment in occupational and residential scenarios, promoting concomitantly the exposure reduction to radon and other cofactors, as recently introduced by Italian Legislative Decree number 101 of 31 July 2020, an application of Euratom Directive 59/2013.
FTIR analysis of hydrogen bonding in amorphous linear aromatic polyurethanes. I. Influence of temperature (1994)

Abstract Fourier‐transform infrared spectral studies of an amorphous linear aromatic polyurethane at various temperatures were performed. Hydrogen bonding was studied in the NH stretching (3347 cm −1 ) and the bending (1535 cm −1 ) regions, using the band decomposition technique. The variations with temperature are used to calculate the ratio of the absorptivity coefficients for the H‐bonded to the “free” NH vibrations. This ratio is found to be independent of temperature. The enthalpy and the entropy of hydrogen bond dissociation are also obtained as 9.6 kJ mol −1 and 44.8 J mol −1 K −1 , respectively. Two CC in‐plane vibrational bands of the aromatic rings at 1614 and 1598 cm −1 were studied at different temperatures. The integrated absorbance for both bands decreases clearly and regularly with increasing temperature, and both bands shift to lower wavenumbers. This strongly suggests a specific interaction for the aromatic rings, probably NH … π hydrogen bonds, which will be discussed in detail in the second part of this series. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient diffusive reflector-type diode side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser with an optical slope efficiency of 55% (1999)

We fabricated a compact diode side-pumped Nd:YAG laser with a diffusive reflector, in which the diode laser power is transferred directly into the threefold symmetric diffusive cavity through long narrow slits. With a 7.5% output coupler in a linear resonator, we obtained 62.4-W multimode output power with an optical slope efficiency of 53.4% at a diode power of 182 W, which corresponds to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 34.3%. The optical slope efficiency increased to 55.5% when we used an 11% output coupler. From the leakage power analysis method, the pumping efficiency was measured to be approximately 82%. We discuss the thermal lens and the slope efficiency with respect to absorbed power that is derived from the measured pumping efficiency.
Sensitive kinase assay linked with phosphoproteomics for identifying direct kinase substrates (2012)

Our understanding of the molecular control of many disease pathologies requires the identification of direct substrates targeted by specific protein kinases. Here we describe an integrated proteomic strategy, termed kinase assay linked with phosphoproteomics, which combines a sensitive kinase reaction with endogenous kinase-dependent phosphoproteomics to identify direct substrates of protein kinases. The unique in vitro kinase reaction is carried out in a highly efficient manner using a pool of peptides derived directly from cellular kinase substrates and then dephosphorylated as substrate candidates. The resulting newly phosphorylated peptides are then isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. A further comparison of these in vitro phosphorylated peptides with phosphopeptides derived from endogenous proteins isolated from cells in which the kinase is either active or inhibited reveals new candidate protein substrates. The kinase assay linked with phosphoproteomics strategy was applied to identify unique substrates of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a protein-tyrosine kinase with duel properties of an oncogene and a tumor suppressor in distinctive cell types. We identified 64 and 23 direct substrates of Syk specific to B cells and breast cancer cells, respectively. Both known and unique substrates, including multiple centrosomal substrates for Syk, were identified, supporting a unique mechanism that Syk negatively affects cell division through its centrosomal kinase activity.
An experimental study of web transport protocols in cellular networks (2011)

HTTP and TCP have been the backbone of web transport for decades. There have been numerous enhancements and modifications to both of these protocols. HTTP and TCP were developed for traditional packet networks existing since 1990's. Today, however, wired network parameters such as bandwidth and delay have significantly improved all over the world. However, cellular data networks (GPRS, HSPA) still experience bandwidth and delay issues, which affect the performance of these protocols. HTTP and TCP protocols can be optimized for today's network conditions and end-user requirements, such as accelerated page loading, low latency and better network utilization. Through the course of this work, we measure the improvements in using the SPDY protocol in comparison to HTTP. We measure the impact of header compression, number of parallel TCP connection per domain, and multiplexing of streams. From the TCP perspective, we analyze the impact of higher initial congestion windows. Some of the interesting findings are discussed, comparing various initial congestion window values. All of these experiments are conducted over live GPRS, HSPA and LTE networks. We study the challenges of moving from HTTP to alternative protocols. We also discuss the ways to improve the mobile web browsing by introducing and refining the existing schemes such as DNS pre-fetching, radio transition delays, smart use of IP versions, reduction of TLS negotiation delays, and intelligent allocation of TCP connections in HTTP. Our studies reveal that low bandwidth networks such as GPRS benefits from header compression, whereas the HSPA and LTE networks benefit from multiplexing as it saves the time for establishing new TCP connections. The advantage of higher TCP initial congestion window is seen only in networks with high band width and high latency.