gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a unique lipid from <i>Francisella tularensis</i> as an effective therapeutic for viral mediated inflammation (2016)

Abstract Francisella tularensis (FT) is a highly pathogenic bacterium which can cause acute, lethal disease following exposure to fewer than 20 bacteria. FT is a successful pathogen due to its ability to potently and rapidly suppress inflammatory responses in host cells. We previously established that crude lipid preparations from virulent FT dampen inflammation in vitro and in vivo, but did not characterize the active specie(s). Utilizing a variety of biochemical techniques, we identified one of the active lipids found in FT as a unique phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) consisting of tetracosanoyl and decanoyl acyl chains (PE2410). Similar to crude lipid, enriched PE2410 restricted production of cytokines in human and mouse cells stimulated with well-defined microbial ligands. PE2410 was also effective at dampening inflammation provoked by infection with West Nile Virus. Activity of PE2410 was dependent on presence of the host phosphatase SHP-1. Importantly, a synthetic version of the PE2410 mimicked the ability of natural PE2410 to inhibit inflammation triggered by a variety of sources. Together our data support use of PE2410 as a novel therapeutic for pathogenic inflammation triggered by viral, or other, infection.
Design of a Self-Actuating, Traction Drive System for High-Speed Ratios (2003)

Traction drive systems offer unique advantages over geared systems. They will typically run quieter and they can be designed to eliminate all backlash. Furthermore, rolling elements are easy to manufacture and the rolling motion will produce very efficient power transmission. In this paper the authors describe a two-stage, self-actuating, traction drive system that has been fabricated to produce a speed ratio of 50:1. Given specific values for coefficients of friction, the geometry of each stage of the device must be designed to ensure self-actuation. In addition, dimensions of the drive rollers and output rings for the two stages must be selected to ensure that one stage does not cause the other stage to overrun.
Optimizing data shuffling in data-parallel computation by understanding user-defined functions (2012)

Map/Reduce style data-parallel computation is charac-terized by the extensive use of user-defined functions for data processing and relies on data-shuffling stages to prepare data partitions for parallel computation. In-stead of treating user-defined functions as “black boxes”, we propose to analyze those functions to turn them into “gray boxes ” that expose opportunities to optimize da-ta shuffling. We identify useful functional properties for user-defined functions, and propose SUDO, an optimiza-tion framework that reasons about data-partition proper-ties, functional properties, and data shuffling. We have assessed this optimization opportunity on over 10,000 data-parallel programs used in production SCOPE clus-ters, and designed a framework that is incorporated it in-to the production system. Experiments with real SCOPE programs on real production data have shown that this optimization can save up to 47 % in terms of disk and net-work I/O for shuffling, and up to 48 % in terms of cross-pod network traffic. 1
A low complexity scheduling algorithm for a crosspoint buffered switch with 100% throughput (2008)

Crosspoint buffered switches are emerging as the focus of research in high-speed routers. They have simpler scheduling algorithms, and achieve better performance than a bufferless crossbar switch. Crosspoint buffered switches have a buffer at each crosspoint. A cell is first delivered to a crosspoint buffer, and then transferred to the output port. With a speedup of two, a crosspoint buffered switch has previously been proved to provide 100% throughput. In this paper, we propose a 100% throughput scheduling algorithm without speedup, called SQUID. With this design, each input/output keeps track of the previously served virtual output queues (VOQs)/crosspoint buffers. We prove that SQUID, with a time complexity of O(log N), can achieve 100% throughput without any speedup. Our simulation results also show a delay performance comparable to outputqueued switches. We also present a novel queuing model that models crosspoint buffered switches under uniform traffic.
Large GSO single crystals with a diameter of 100mm and their scintillation performance (2004)

Cerium-doped Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (GSO) scintillator has good scintillation properties such as high density, intense light output, short decay time, excellent temperature stability, and extremely good energy resolution. In order to apply GSO single-crystal scintillators to a commercial PET, we have tried to increase the size of the GSO single-crystal for increasing production capacity and reducing production cost. To grow the large GSO single-crystal, we have optimized growth conditions and atmosphere in the furnace. We have developed growing technology of large GSO single crystals with a diameter of 100 mm. Thousands of specimens with a size of 4/spl times/6/spl times/20 mm/sup 3/ were sampled from each ingot. Uniformity of the light output, energy resolution and decay time in the crystal has been demonstrated for PET application.
Status of 1 MeV 25 kW CW Electron Accelerator (2012)

Status of 1 MeV 25 kW continuous wave (CW) linear electron accelerator for radiation technologies which is under construction at SINP MSU is described. Driven by 50 kW CW klystron on-axis coupled standing wave accelerating structure was optimized, manufactured and tuned. The results of accelerating structure measurements and tuning are presented. RF system, high voltage, vacuum and control systems of the accelerator are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Molecular Precursor Route to Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles and Their Evaluation as Hydrodeoxygenation Catalysts. (2016)

Abstract Phase‐pure Ni 2 P (I), Rh 2 P (II), and Pd 3 P (III) nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared in a one‐pot reaction using Ni(PPh 3 ) 2 (CO) 2 and PPh 3 (1:4) or Rh(PPh 3 ) 2 (CO)Cl or Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 in dry oleylamine and 1‐octadecene (320 °C, 2 h for (I); 300 °C, 1 h for (II) and (III)) followed by addition of CHCl 3 and iPrOH to precipitate the NPs.
Conversational IP multimedia security (2003)

With the introduction of 3G systems multimedia applications over wireless will become widely available to the general public. One such application will be peer-to-peer conversational multimedia communication in which voice, video, still pictures and other media can be used simultaneously and in an interactive way. However, in an all IP environment it is important to have high quality and efficient security services to protect the traffic against eavesdropping and manipulations. In particular, end-to-end security is considered attractive. This paper investigates the security requirements that emerge from conversational IP multimedia applications in heterogeneous environments, with special emphasis on the requirements stemming from the wireless access. The design and the design goals of both SRTP, a security protocol for protection of media traffic, and multimedia Internet keying (MIKEY), a key management protocol specially developed for those environments, are also described.
Industrial Scale Removal of Cesium with Hexacyanoferrate Exchanger—Process Development (1994)

An industrial scale process utilizing hexacyanoferrate-based ion exchangers was developed for the selective separation of radioactive cesium from nuclear waste solutions. This process was put into operation at the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) (pressurized water reactor, VVER-440), Finland, at the end of 1991, and it has shown superiority to any other cesium separation method used at present at nuclear plants. This paper summarizes the work that was carried out in the development of this process. In the first phase of the work, the performance of several cesium-specific precipitants and ion exchangers (eg., zeolites and hexacyanoferrates) was tested by laboratory experiments. Based on these initial tests, two precipitants, sodium hexanitrocobaltate and tungstophosphoric acid, and two hexacyanoferrate exchangers were chosen for pilotscale experiments. These experiments showed that the hexacyanoferrate ion exchangers were the most efficient materials for the removal of 137Cs and 134Cs and were suitable for large-scale column operation. With hexacyanoferrates, decontamination factors (DFs) of several thousands and volume reduction factors (VRFs) in the range of 2000 to 10000, were obtained for 137Cs and 134Cs. By using the cesium-specific precipitants, DFs and VRFs on the order of 100 were feasible in the Loviisa concentrates. After the pilot experiments, an exchanger based on hexacyanoferrate was chosen to be used in the full-scale cesium-separation plant constructed at the Loviisa NPP.
Concentric ring signature descriptor for 3D objects (2011)

We present a 3D feature descriptor that represents local topologies within a set of folded concentric rings by distances from local points to a projection plane. This feature, called as Concentric Ring Signature (CORS), possesses similar computational advantages to point signatures yet provides more accurate matches. It produces more compact and discriminative descriptors than shape context. It robust to noise and occlusions. As opposed to spin images, CORS does not require the point normal estimations, therefore it is directly applicable to sparse point clouds where the point densities are insufficiently low. Under the same settings, we demonstrate that the discriminative power of CORS is superior to conventional approaches producing twice as good estimates with the percentage of correct match scores improving from 39% to 88%.
Non-invasive pre-bond TSV test using ring oscillators and multiple voltage levels (2013)

Defects in TSVs due to fabrication steps decrease the yield and reliability of 3D stacked ICs, hence these defects need to be screened early in the manufacturing flow. Before wafer thinning, TSVs are buried in silicon and cannot be mechanically contacted, which severely limits test access. Although TSVs become exposed after wafer thinning, probing on them is difficult because of TSV dimensions and the risk of probe-induced damage. To circumvent these problems, we propose a non-invasive method for pre-bond TSV test that does not require TSV probing. We use open TSVs as capacitive loads of their driving gates and measure the propagation delay by means of ring oscillators. Defects in TSVs cause variations in their RC parameters and therefore lead to variations in the propagation delay. By measuring these variations, we can detect resistive open and leakage faults. We exploit different voltage levels to increase the sensitivity of the test and its robustness against random process variations. Results on fault detection effectiveness are presented through HSPICE simulations using realistic models for 45nm CMOS technology. The estimated DfT area cost of our method is negligible for realistic dies.
Non-invasive estimation of pressure gradients in pulsatile flow using ultrasound (2014)

This paper investigates how pressure gradients in a pulsatile flow environment can be measured non-invasively using ultrasound. The presented set-up is based on vector velocity fields measured on a blood mimicking fluid moving at a peak flow rate of 1 ml/s through a constricted vessel. Fields of pressure gradients are calculated using the Navier-Stokes equations. Flow data are acquired to a depth of 3 cm using directional synthetic aperture flow imaging on a linear array transducer producing 1500 image frames of velocity estimates per second. Scans of a carotid bifurcation phantom with a 70% constriction are performed using an experimental scanner. The performance of the presented estimator is evaluated by comparing its results to a numerical simulation model, which geometry is reconstructed from MRI data. The study showed pressure gradients varying from 0 kPa/m to 4.5 kPa/m with a maximum bias and standard deviation of 10% and 13%, respectively, relative to peak estimated gradient. The paper concludes that maps of pressure gradients can be measured non-invasively using ultrasound with a precision of more than 85%.
New Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors Targeting Hemagglutinin-Mediated Influenza A Virus Fusion (2013)

Influenza viruses are a major public health threat worldwide, and options for antiviral therapy are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. The influenza virus glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potential target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. Using pseudotype virus-based high-throughput screens, we have identified several new small molecules capable of inhibiting influenza virus entry. We prioritized two novel inhibitors, MBX2329 and MBX2546, with aminoalkyl phenol ether and sulfonamide scaffolds, respectively, that specifically inhibit HA-mediated viral entry. The two compounds (i) are potent (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 0.3 to 5.9 μM); (ii) are selective (50% cytotoxicity concentration [CC(50)] of >100 μM), with selectivity index (SI) values of >20 to 200 for different influenza virus strains; (iii) inhibit a wide spectrum of influenza A viruses, which includes the 2009 pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1/2009, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A/H5N1, and oseltamivir-resistant A/H1N1 strains; (iv) exhibit large volumes of synergy with oseltamivir (36 and 331 μM(2) % at 95% confidence); and (v) have chemically tractable structures. Mechanism-of-action studies suggest that both MBX2329 and MBX2546 bind to HA in a nonoverlapping manner. Additional results from HA-mediated hemolysis of chicken red blood cells (cRBCs), competition assays with monoclonal antibody (MAb) C179, and mutational analysis suggest that the compounds bind in the stem region of the HA trimer and inhibit HA-mediated fusion. Therefore, MBX2329 and MBX2546 represent new starting points for chemical optimization and have the potential to provide valuable future therapeutic options and research tools to study the HA-mediated entry process.
High-throughput screening for texturing<i>Lactococcus</i>strains (2019)

In the food industry, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in dairy fermentations, extending the shelf life by lowering the pH and also affecting taste and texture of the fermented milk. The texture of fermented milk is an important quality parameter, affecting consumer acceptance. Finding LAB providing desired texture of a product is time consuming and laborious when using standard methods for measuring texture, e.g. rheology measurements. Screening of 986 Lactococcus lactis strains resulted in few strains with the ability to enhance texture, demonstrating the necessity of implementation of high-throughput screening methods. A high-throughput screening assay was developed, combining small-scale 96-well microtiter plates and pressure measurements during liquid handling, e.g. aspiration, to find strains that give good texture in fermented milk. Only about 1% of the strains were found to enhance milk texture. Two of the texturing strains belong to L. lactis subsp. lactis, which are the first texturing strains from this subsp. reported. Mining for eps gene clusters responsible for exocellular polysaccharide production was performed, as polysaccharide production can contribute positively to fermented milk texture. Comparative genomics approach revealed four types of texturing L. lactis strains with diverse eps gene clusters.
A generic cognitive radio based on commodity hardware (2011)

In this paper we describe the process that we undertook to build a configurable wireless platform that can be used to implement cognitive radio network (CRN) architectures. Consisting of a commodity IEEE 802.11 a/b/g (WiFi) router at the physical (PHY) layer and RF signal processing and IP traffic shaping circuitry, the resultant hybrid terminal (called the WiFi CR) becomes a building block that can implement cognitive femtocells, point to multipoint, mesh, and relay wireless networks. The IP addressable WiFi CR terminals can sense their radio environment, schedule IEEE 802.11 packet transmissions in space and time, and select channel, modulation rates, and transmit power. Intelligent operation is undertaken by a cognitive network management system (CR NMS) which controls a number of WiFi CR terminals and solicits sensor information from them. The CR NMS gathers the spectrum and sensed interference information and builds a memory map with such knowledge, thereby creating radio environment awareness for the CRN. Cognitive engines (the intelligent control algorithms) within the CR NMS use radio environment knowledge and other information (such as spectrum policy) to give the system a capability to seek white space spectrum, avoid interference, identify primary users, and take on other tasks associated with cognitive radio (CR). Designed around ISM band operation, this generic terminal, with proper RF modifications, can work in the TV bands, 3.65-3.70 GHz, and up to 60 GHz.
Creation of Two-Photon Absorption Photo-Polymerization Induced Helical Microfibers (2019)

Summary form only given. An optical vortex possesses an orbital angular momentum (OAM) and a ring-shaped spatial profile due to its spiral wavefront, characterized by a topological charge I [1]. The OAM of an optical vortex can twist the irradiated materials, such as metal, silicon, azo-polymer films [2,3], to form helical structured materials. Thus, the optical vortex has been intensely studied in laser materials processing. In this paper, we report on the first demonstration of a sub-millimeter scale, self-written helical fiber created by the irradiation of pico-second laser via TPA-photo-polymerization process.
Relationship between Ice Nucleation Frequency of Bacteria and Frost Injury (1982)

Not every cell of a given bacterial isolate that has ice-nucleating properties can serve as an ice nucleus at any given time and temperature. The ratio between the number of ice nuclei and number of bacterial cells in a culture (i.e. nucleation frequency) was found to vary with incubation temperature, growth medium composition, culture age, and genotype. Optimal conditions for ice nucleus production in vitro included incubation of the bacterial cells at 20 to 24 degrees C on nutrient agar containing glycerol. The relationship between nucleation frequency and frost injury was examined by subjecting corn seedlings to -4 degrees C immediately after they were sprayed with bacterial suspensions with different nucleation frequencies and by following both ice nucleus concentration and bacterial population size on leaves of corn seedlings as a function of time after bacterial application. The amount of frost injury to growth chamber-grown corn seedlings at -4 degrees C was a function of the number of ice nuclei active at that temperature on the leaves. The number of ice nuclei, in turn, is the product of the nucleation frequency and population size of ice-nucleation-active bacteria present on the leaves.
RF Surface Receive Array Coils: The Art of an LC Circuit (2013)

The radiofrequency (RF) receive array coil is a complicated device with many inductors and capacitors and serves as one of the most critical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) electronic devices. It directly determines the achievable level of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simply put, however, the RF coil is nothing but an LC circuit. The receive array coil was first proposed more than 20 years ago, evolving from a simple arrangement with a few electronic channels to a complicated system of 128 channels, enabling highly sophisticated parallel imaging, at different field strengths. This article summarizes the basic concepts pertaining to RF receive coil arrays and their associated SNR and reviews the theories behind the major components of such arrays. This includes discussions of the intrinsic SNR of a receive coil, the matching circuits, low-noise preamplifiers, coupling/decoupling amongst coils, the coupling between receive and transmit coils, decoupling via preamplifiers, and baluns. An 8-channel receive array coil on a cylindrical former serves as a useful example for demonstrating various points in the review.
Novel sorbents for high temperature regenerative H/sub 2/S removal. Quarterly report No. 3, August-October 1984 (1984)

The overall objective of this program is to develop improved regenerable sorbents for the high-temperature desulfurization of coal-derived gas streams. The aim is to reduce the H/sub 2/S level, preferably in a single stage, from a few percent down to 1 ppM. The specific objectives of this project are to synthesize, characterize and test two classes of sorbents. One consists of eutectic mixtures of metal oxides (e.g., ZnO-V/sub 2/O/sub 5/, CuMoO/sub 4/-MoO/sub 3/) in the form of a melt coating the pore surface of a high surface area solid support. The second class of sorbents includes unsupported mixed oxides, in the form of solid solutions or solid compounds, e.g., Zn-Fe/sub x/-O/sub y/, prepared as highly dispersed microcrystalline solids. The principal characteristics of both classes of sorbents are rapid kinetics of absorption, high absorption capacity and good regenerability. During this reporting period, it was scheduled to perform parametric reactor studies with sorbents selected in Phase I of the program. From the class of supported molten mixed oxide sorbents, the CuMoO/sub 4/-MoO/sub 3/ mixture supported on alumina was chosen for its complete H/sub 2/S removal efficiency and high prebreakthrough sorbent conversion. From the class of unsupported oxide solid solutions, both zinc- and more » copper-containing sorbents, i.e., ZnFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, CuFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/, selected for further study. The parametric studies planned for this period included effects of temperature and gas composition on sorbent performance, stability and regenerability. Results are discussed. 13 refs., 11 figs., 6 tabs. « less
Differential regulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene promoters by Brn-3 POU family transcription factors (1996)

The regulatory region of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor alpha 2 subunit gene is activated by the Brn-3b POU family transcription factor but not by the closely related factors Brn-3a and Brn-3c. This pattern of regulation has not previously been observed for other neuronally expressed genes, several of which, such as those encoding alpha-internexin or SNAP-25, are activated by Brn-3a and Brn-3c but repressed by Brn-3b. The alpha 3 nACh receptor subunit gene is also shown to be activated by Brn-3a but is repressed by Brn-3b and Brn-3c. In contrast, the Brn-3 POU family transcription factors have no effects on either the alpha 7 or beta 4 nACh receptor subunit genes. The actions of Brn-3b on the alpha 2 subunit are thus in contrast to the inhibitory actions of Brn-3b on several promoters that are activated by Brn-3 alpha. The different actions of the Brn-3 POU factors on the range of nACh receptor genes tested suggests that the novel stimulation of the alpha 2 subunit by Brn-3b is specific to this subunit and not a general feature of nACh receptor genes.
Triphasic Pulses in Cochlear Implant Patients With Facial Nerve Stimulation (2019)

Triphasic pulse stimulation had a beneficial effect for CI patients with severe, unintended costimulation and should be considered a valuable tool during CI fitting.