gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SoK: Everyone Hates Robocalls: A Survey of Techniques Against Telephone Spam (2016)

Telephone spam costs United States consumers $8.6 billion annually. In 2014, the Federal Trade Commission has received over 22 million complaints of illegal and wanted calls. Telephone spammers today are leveraging recent technical advances in the telephony ecosystem to distribute massive automated spam calls known as robocalls. Given that anti-spam techniques and approaches are effective in the email domain, the question we address is: what are the effective defenses against spam calls? In this paper, we first describe the telephone spam ecosystem, specifically focusing on the differences between email and telephone spam. Then, we survey the existing telephone spam solutions and, by analyzing the failings of the current techniques, derive evaluation criteria that are critical to an acceptable solution. We believe that this work will help guide the development of effective telephone spam defenses, as well as provide a framework to evaluate future defenses.
Hidden Markov modelling of simultaneously recorded cells in the associative cortex of behaving monkeys (1997)

A widely held idea regarding information processing in the brain is the cell-assembly hypothesis suggested by Hebb in 1949. According to this hypothesis, the basic unit of information processing in the brain is an assembly of cells, which can act briefly as a closed system, in response to a specific stimulus. This work presents a novel method of characterizing this supposed activity using a hidden Markov model. This model is able to reveal some of the underlying cortical network activity of behavioural processes. In our study the process in hand was the simultaneous activity of several cells recorded from the frontal cortex of behaving monkeys. Using such a model we were able to identify the behavioural mode of the animal and directly identify the corresponding collective network activity. Furthermore, the segmentation of the data into the discrete states also provides direct evidence for the state dependence of the short-time correlation functions between the same pair of cells. Thus, this cross-correlation depends on the network state of activity and not on local connectivity alone.
On the optimization power of retiming and resynthesis transformations (1998)

Article On the optimization power of retiming and resynthesis transformations Share on Authors: Rajeev K. Ranjan Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CAView Profile , Vigyan Singhal Cadence Berkeley Labs, Berkeley, CA Cadence Berkeley Labs, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Fabio Somenzi University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, COView Profile , Robert K. Brayton University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICCAD '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided designNovember 1998 Pages 402–407https://doi.org/10.1145/288548.289061Online:01 November 1998Publication History 6citation56DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads56Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
${alpha}-Al_2O_3$ rod shape single crystal growth by EFG method (1994)

Using home made EFG apparatus, rod shaped single crystal growth by EFG process and analysis of grown single crystal defects.
Advances and challenges in electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub>reduction processes: an engineering and design perspective looking beyond new catalyst materials (2019)

This review of design and operating conditions of electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub>reduction covers electrolytes, electrodes, reactors, temperature, pressure, and pH effects.
<title>Ultrafast semiconductor laser diode seeded Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier system</title> (1996)

An ultrafast modelocked semiconductor laser diode system has been used to seed a flashlamp pumped Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier system, producing subpicosecond pulses with millijoule output pulse energy. This system has the potential to eliminate argon ion pumped based ultrafast laser systems.
Alveolar macrophages and CC chemokines are increased in children with cystic fibrosis (2009)

Airway inflammation is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We sought to determine whether alveolar macrophages were involved in early CF lung disease. Children with CF (median age 3.1 yrs) participated in a surveillance programme that included annual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Control samples were obtained from non-CF children (median age 3.1 yrs; n = 24) investigated for persistent respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary infection was detected in 31% (16 out of 51) and 38% (nine out of 24) of children from the CF and non-CF groups, respectively. Alveolar macrophages in BAL were increased in CF compared with non-CF in the absence of infection (223x10(3) versus 85x10(3) cells.mL(-1); p = 0.001) and were associated with elevations in the CC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)20; 355.8 versus 46.0 pg.mL(-1); p<0.001), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2; 263.5 versus 25.3 pg.mL(-1); p<0.001), MIP-1alpha (CCL3; 38.2 versus 4.9 pg.mL(-1); p<0.001) and MIP-1beta (CCL4; 326.6 versus 27.5 pg.mL(-1); p<0.001)). Total cell counts and neutrophil numbers increased in the presence of infection; however, there was no additional effect of CF. Alveolar macrophages and CC chemokines are elevated in the lungs in young children with CF even in the absence of pulmonary infection. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Binarized statistical features for improved iris and periocular recognition in visible spectrum (2014)

Visible spectrum iris verification has drawn substantial attention due to the feasibility, convenience and also accepted performance. This further allows one to perform the iris verification in an unconstrained environment at-a-distance and on the move. The integral part of the visible iris recognition rely on the accurate texture representation algorithm that can effectively capture the uniqueness of the texture even in the challenging conditions like reflection, illumination among others. In this paper, we explore a new scheme for the robust visible iris verification based on Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF). The core idea of the BSIF descriptor is to compute the binary code for each pixel by projecting them on the subspace which is learned from natural images using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Thus, the BSIF is expected to encode the texture features more robustly when compared to contemporary schemes like Local Binary Patterns and its variants. The extensive experiments are carried out on the visible iris dataset captured using both Light field and conventional camera. The proposed feature extraction method is also extended for enhanced periocular recognition. Finally, we also present a comparative analysis with popular state-of-the-art iris recognition scheme.
Rotor position detection scheme for synchronous reluctance motor based on current measurements (1995)

A rotor position detection scheme which utilizes the characteristics of the synchronous reluctance motor is proposed. In particular, the dependence of the self and mutual inductances on the rotor position is utilized. The motor currents are controlled by a transistor inverter in the manner of hysteresis current control. The inverter switching creates ripples in the phase currents. The rate change of current in the ripples is then detected and converted to a rotor position signal. The proposed scheme is aimed to provide rotor position information particularly at low rotor speed, even at zero rotor speed. Numerical analysis of the rate change of the phase current of the synchronous reluctance motor is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flavonol Galactosides from Artemisia apiacea (2005)

Flavonol galactosides were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Artemisia apiacea by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated as (1) and (2) by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. This is the first report on the isolation of compound 2 from this plant.
Low predictive value of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients (1992)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral culture techniques were prospectively compared for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in blood samples from 24 liver transplant recipients. Nine patients had one or more episodes of viremia, seven of which were clinically symptomatic infections. All samples in which CMV was isolated by culture were positive by the PCR. However, the PCR result was also positive for one or more samples from 11 patients who never developed CMV-related symptoms. Although the PCR is a very sensitive technique for CMV detection in blood samples from liver transplant recipients, it is not useful as a marker of symptomatic CMV disease.
Fingerprint verification using coincident sequencing and thinning (2002)

A high-speed and low-cost system for scanning, identifying, and coding fingerprints is described. The system uses a technique called coincident sequencing and thinning for the positive identification of fingerprints. Successful identification of fingerprints has been carried out, and the principle of coincident sequencing in automated operation has been proven.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Hybrid Mining Approach for Optimizing Returns Policies in e Retailing (2006)

This paper aims at proposing a hybrid mining approach for e-retailers to analyze returns patterns from both the customer and product perspectives, classify customers and products by returns ratios, and then adopt proper returns policies and marketing strategies to the identified classes for reducing returns transactions and sustaining profits. A multidimensional data framework and a process model for the hybrid mining approach are presented with a simulated example for validation.
Signal Regulatory Protein α Ligation Induces Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production through JAK/STAT- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Rac1/NAPDH Oxidase/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Dependent Pathways (2005)

Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) is a glycoprotein receptor that recruits and signals via the tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. In macrophages SIRPalpha can negatively regulate the phagocytosis of host cells and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Here we provide evidence that SIRPalpha can also stimulate macrophage activities, in particular the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. Ligation of SIRPalpha by antibodies or soluble CD47 triggers inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and production of NO. This was not caused by blocking negative-regulatory SIRPalpha-CD47 interactions. SIRPalpha-induced NO production was prevented by inhibition of the tyrosine kinase JAK2. JAK2 was found to associate with SIRPalpha in macrophages, particularly after SIRPalpha ligation, and SIRPalpha stimulation resulted in JAK2 and STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, SIRPalpha-induced NO production required the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by a NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-dependent activation of Rac1, an intrinsic NOX component. Finally, SIRPalpha ligation promoted SHP-1 and SHP-2 recruitment, which was both JAK2 and PI3-K dependent. These findings demonstrate that SIRPalpha ligation induces macrophage NO production through the cooperative action of JAK/STAT and PI3-K/Rac1/NOX/H(2)O(2) signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose that SIRPalpha is able to function as an activating receptor.
Smoothing Proximal Gradient Method for General Structured Sparse Learning (2018)

We study the problem of learning high dimensional regression models regularized by a structured-sparsity-inducing penalty that encodes prior structural information on either input or output sides. We consider two widely adopted types of such penalties as our motivating examples: 1) overlapping group lasso penalty, based on the l1/l2 mixed-norm penalty, and 2) graph-guided fusion penalty. For both types of penalties, due to their non-separability, developing an efficient optimization method has remained a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a general optimization approach, called smoothing proximal gradient method, which can solve the structured sparse regression problems with a smooth convex loss and a wide spectrum of structured-sparsity-inducing penalties. Our approach is based on a general smoothing technique of Nesterov. It achieves a convergence rate faster than the standard first-order method, subgradient method, and is much more scalable than the most widely used interior-point method. Numerical results are reported to demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method.
13 C NMR Pattern Recognition of Guaiane Sesquiterpenes (2003)

Motivation. Sesquiterpenes are a class of naturally occurring substances that show various biological and pharmacological properties such as inhibitors of cell growth, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral, etc activities. However, jointly with many biological properties, this class exhibits a greater diversity and complexity of structures, becoming a great challenge in the structural elucidation of its compounds for spectroscopists. Thus, the development of an expert system containing a set of rules for structural pattern recognition, based on 13 C NMR spectral data, for new compounds is of utmost importance for the natural product researchers. Method. SISTEMAT is an expert system developed to aid in the structural determination of natural products. In this study we have investigated the application of system for the 13 C NMR pattern recognition of guaiane sesquiterpenes. By using a database containing 200 substances, and the programs of the system SISTEMAT, various 13 C NMR heuristic rules for structural elucidation were obtained. These rules were evaluated with a set of 25 new guaianes recently published in literature. Results. The prediction performance of the system from the tests executed with the compounds shows that the system was able to propose substructures in 96.0% of the studied cases, where in 98.1% of these are overlapping substructures. Conclusions. SISTEMAT is a powerful tool for structural elucidation with many potential applications in natural products’ field. In the present study we have demonstrated the predictive ability and applicability of a 13 C NMR pattern recognition method for the guaiane sesquiterpenes. Availability. The software used in this study can be consulted by a contact with the corresponding author.
Limited Gene Expression Variation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells (2012)

Recent evidence suggests human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines have differences in their epigenetic marks and transcriptomes, yet the impact of these differences on subsequent terminally differentiated cells is less well understood. Comparison of purified, homogeneous populations of somatic cells derived from multiple independent human iPS and ES lines will be required to address this critical question. Here, we report a differentiation protocol based on embryonic development that consistently yields large numbers of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from multiple hESCs or iPS cells. Mesoderm differentiation of embryoid bodies was maximized, and defined growth factors were used to generate KDR(+) EC progenitors. Magnetic purification of a KDR(+) progenitor subpopulation resulted in an expanding, homogeneous pool of ECs that expressed EC markers and had functional properties of ECs. Comparison of the transcriptomes revealed limited gene expression variability between multiple lines of human iPS-derived ECs or between lines of ES- and iPS-derived ECs. These results demonstrate a method to generate large numbers of pure human EC progenitors and differentiated ECs from pluripotent stem cells and suggest individual lineages derived from human iPS cells may have significantly less variance than their pluripotent founders.
Power efficient resource scaling in partitioned architectures through dynamic heterogeneity (2006)

The ever increasing demand for high clock speeds and the desire to exploit abundant transistor budgets have resulted in alarming increases in processor power dissipation. Partitioned (or clustered) architectures have been proposed in recent years to address scalability concerns in future billion-transistor microprocessors. Our analysis shows that increasing processor resources in a clustered architecture results in a linear increase in power consumption, while providing diminishing improvements in single-thread performance. To preserve high performance to power ratios, we claim that the power consumption of additional resources should be in proportion to the performance improvements they yield. Hence, in this paper, we propose the implementation of heterogeneous clusters that have varying delay and power characteristics. A cluster's performance and power characteristic is tuned by scaling its frequency and novel policies dynamically assign frequencies to clusters, while attempting to either meet a fixed power budget or minimize a metric such as Energy /spl times/ Delay/sup 2/ (ED/sup 2/). By increasing resources in a power-efficient manner, we observe an 11% improvement in ED/sup 2/ and a 22.4% average reduction in peak temperature, when compared to a processor with homogeneous units. Our proposed processor model also provides strategies to handle thermal emergencies that have a relatively low impact on performance.
Upregulation of Type I Interferon Receptor by IFN-gamma (1999)

Type I interferon (IFN) receptor has a multichain structure composed of at least two distinct subunits, IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. In the present study, we demonstrated that IFN- gamma induced the expression of mRNA for IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2 in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 cells. The induction was dose and time dependent. Because of this result, we examined the effect of combined treatment with type I IFN and IFN- gamma . The intracellular 2-5A-synthetase activity induced by combined treatment was significantly higher than that by type I IFN alone. This study suggests that combined treatment with type I IFN and IFN- gamma may be more effective than that of type I IFN alone and that the upregulation of type I IFN receptor may be one of the reasons. Our findings may have some relevance to the clinical use of IFN.
Current developments in proton therapy: a review (1993)

The use of high-energy protons in radiotherapy was first proposed in 1946. In the last decade there has been a significant growth in the number of centres using protons in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant disease. To date (January 1993) a total of more than 11,500 patients have been treated world-wide. Encouraging clinical results have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to outline the advantages of proton beams and to review current developments in physics and engineering applied to the field of proton therapy with particular emphasis on proton accelerator technology and the development of proton therapy facilities. The production of clinically useful beams is discussed and the relative merits of different treatment systems compared. Reference is also made to the factors affecting the absorbed dose in a patient and to proton radiobiology together with the results of studies of comparisons of treatment planning with protons with that using conventional photon therapy. The dosimetry of proton beams is also reviewed.
Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces (Small Methods 4/2017) (2017)

The recent progress in metasurfaces, including the fundamental theoretical background, physical realization, and fabrication, along with their potential practical applications is discussed by Din Ping Tsai and co-workers in article number 1600064. The outstanding optical properties of metasurfaces have led to the development of versatile ultrathin optical devices such as for beam steering, wave plates, polarimetry, metalenses, metaholograms, and optical vortex beam converters.
Examples of Dependencies (2010)

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Inter-personal interaction for handwrite training &#x223C; a study for development of handwrite skill training robot &#x223C; (2009)

In this paper, we focus on handwrite training, generally utilized at our daily life, and discuss the training robot to support learning precise control of draw-stroke efficiently. Concretely we developed handwrite support device with inter-personal interaction with exchanging visual image of handwriting motion, and evaluate the effectiveness of the method. As the result, it was clarified that the draw-stroke motion became precise with the inter-personal training, realizing the draw-stroke control not only by visual feedback but also by feed-forward with internal Body Image information. Accordingly, to realize the efficient learning of draw-stroke motion, we suggest that the inter-personal interactive handwrite support is effective training paradigm which can realize improvement of Body Image by the visual feedback and the smooth control of draw-stoke motion with the Body Image and anticipatory motor control.
WIRELESS SWEAT SIGNAL ANALYSER (2016)

The available health monitors assist athletes for the physical monitoring training. While athletes train, the increase in muscular metabolic rate produces Lactic acid as a metabolic byproduct causing muscle cramps. To release muscle cramps sodium and potassium salt supplements are prescribed in higher dosage to athletes. The purpose of this study is to develop a system WIRELESS SWEAT SIGNAL ANALYSER for athletes, to provide athletes with adequate dehydration warning by sweat analysis. The sweat analyzer developed can aid in monitoring diseases related to salt deficiencies such as Goitre, Cretinism, Hyponatremia, Cystic Fibrosis etc. Though there are saliva and urine salt sensor, their accuracies are not appropriate for estimation of continuous dehydration levels, so sweat analysis comes as a viable solution for analyzing. The system proposed will use sweat as the biofluid along with low power components and the data can be wirelessly transmitted to the registered Smartphone, for further interpretations on dehydration analysis and provide adequate warning to the nearby mobile units and the athlete for salt supplementation.