gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New chemistry of naturally occurring polyamines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNew chemistry of naturally occurring polyaminesBruce GanemCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 9, 290–298Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00081a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00081a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Skin Autofluorescence and the Association with Renal and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 (2011)

Increased SAF is independently associated with multiple CV and renal risk factors in CKD 3. Long-term follow-up will assess the value of SAF as a predictor of CV and renal risk in this population.
Risks of exposure to radiological imaging and how to minimise them (2011)

Since the 1970s, when computed tomography was introduced into clinical practice, the array of imaging tests that expose patients to radiation has vastly increased. This is a result of improved computed tomography techniques, advances in other techniques such as digital subtraction angiography, and the development of modalities such as positron emission tomography coregistered with computed tomography and single photon emission tomography coregistered with computed tomography. Improvements in non-ionising radiation imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging with increased field strength (3T) and multichannel technology, and Doppler and colour flow applications in ultrasound, have also occurred. The demand for imaging has grown for several reasons. The development of picture archiving computer systems, which enable the referring doctor to view images easily, may have led to an increase in requests for diagnostic imaging. The public has become more aware of imaging tests and their potential benefit, especially in screening for cancer and cardiac disease, and faster scanners have allowed for imaging in previously unsuitable patients. Enhanced spatial resolution of images has resulted in the detection of previously unseen abnormalities of unknown relevance that often require further investigation and follow-up scanning. The treatment effects for many common diseases are now monitored using repeated imaging. Simultaneously, computed tomography has become more readily available, particularly in acute clinical areas. Although the risks of cancer from computed tomography scans have been estimated recently, such risks may be poorly understood by doctors and poorly communicated, especially in the case of young patients and those with benign disease. In one survey of health providers in the United States, only 9% of emergency department doctors and 47% of radiologists were aware of the increased cancer risk associated with computed tomography. Here, we examine the risks of exposure to radiation associated with some routine diagnostic imaging investigations and discuss practical ways to minimise such risks. This review is based on evidence from retrospective cross sectional studies, special reports, prospective cohort studies, surveys, observational studies, and c urrent in ternational guidelines.
Prosodic Adaptations to Pitch Perturbation in Running Speech (2010)

Present findings suggest that F0 and intensity are controlled in an integrated fashion to maintain the contrast between stressed and unstressed words. When a cue is impaired through perturbation, speakers not only oppose the perturbation but enhance other prosodic cues to achieve emphatic stress.
Silicon nitride thin films deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1999)

Using an electron cyclotron resonance plasma compact source, we have studied the deposition of silicon nitride films at low deposition temperature (&lt;300 °C) and low microwave power (&lt;250 W). Nitrogen plasma and pure silane have been used as gas precursors. We report on the effect of the main process parameters on the composition and properties of the films. We show that each experimental parameter has an optimal range of values or a threshold value necessary to obtain films with high dielectric quality. For a deposition temperature of 300 °C, the best films exhibit a resistivity of 1015 Ω cm and a soft breakdown field (at 10−9 A cm−2) of 3 MV cm−1. The physicochemical properties of the films are close to those of stoichiometric silicon nitride: N/Si ratio of 1.33, optical index value of 2 at 3 eV and etch rate of 10 Å/min. Moreover, we observed strong correlations between the physicochemical and the electrical properties of the deposited films, over the entire range of process parameters.
Degradation of channelopsin-2 in the absence of retinal and degradation resistance in certain mutants (2012)

Channelrhodopsin-2 is a light-gated cation channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is functional in animal cells and therefore widely used for light-activated depolarization, especially in neurons. To achieve a fully functional protein, the chromophore all-trans-retinal is needed. It has not been investigated whether or not the apoprotein is stable without its cofactor until now. Here we show that channelopsin-2 (Chop2, protein without bound retinal) is much more prone to degradation than channelrhodopsin-2 (protein with retinal). Constructs of Chop2 fused to yellow fluorescent protein (Chop2::YFP) in the absence and presence of retinal confirm this observation by exhibiting strongly differing fluorescence. We present mutants of Chop2 with highly increased stability in the absence of retinal. Substitution of threonine 159 with aromatic amino acids causes enhanced resistance to degradation in the absence of retinal, which is confirmed by fluorescence intensity, the increase in photocurrents on the addition of retinal to previously expressed protein, and Western blot analysis. Exchanging threonine 159 with cysteine, however, increases photocurrents due to better binding of retinal, without obvious stabilization against degradation of the retinal-free opsin. We also show that the light-activated hyperpolarizing chloride pump halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) is not prone to retinal-dependent degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Crown Ethers Containing a Thiazole Subcyclic Unit. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Security, Audit, and Control (1998)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Security, Audit, and Control provides definitive guidelines for monitoring and controlling Windows NT Server 4.0 network security. Developed in cooperation with Microsoft and members of the PricewaterhouseCoopers IT Security Services team, this handbook presents an integrated network security plan. Proven techniques facilitate authorized usage while thwarting unauthorized use, hacking, and other virulent threats to system integrity. Network architects, administrators, Webmasters, and other enterprise information gatekeepers will learn how to audit and help safeguard their networked assets by reviewing and implementing each facet of these proven techniques.
Toll–Like Receptor 2–Mediated Innate Immune Response in Human Nonparenchymal Liver Cells Toward Adeno–Associated Viral Vectors (2011)

Using primary human liver cells, we identified a novel mechanism of rAAV recognition in the liver, demonstrating that alternative means of sensing rAAV particles have evolved. Minimizing this recognition will be key to improving rAAV-mediated gene transfer and reducing side effects in clinical trials due to immune responses against rAAV.
Mosquito-associated Dengue Virus, Key West, Florida, USA, 2010 (2011)

To the Editor: Except for sporadic cases along the Texas-Mexico border, local transmission of dengue virus (DENV) has not occurred in the contiguous United States since 1946. In 2009, DENV was diagnosed in a vacationer to Key West, Florida (1). Subsequently, 25 other cases were reported that year, transmission was confi rmed by detection of DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) in local mosquitoes, and a random serosurvey showed evidence of recent DENV infection in 5.4% of Key West residents (1). Transmission continued in 2010, and an additional 63 cases were confi rmed (2). We used PCR amplifi cation and sequence analysis of virus identifi ed from mosquito collections during 2010 to identify the closest relatives, probable geographic origin, and divergence time of the Key West DENV. A total of 1,178 pools of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected in Monroe County, Florida, during January 27-December 17, 2010 (online Appendix Figure, panel A, wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/17/11/11-0419-FA1.htm), by using BG-Sentinel (Biogents, Regensburg, Germany) or CDC (Clarke, Roselle, IL, USA) light traps, and stored at -80C. Reverse transcription PCR was conducted on each pool by using primers designed to amplify all 4 DENV serotypes, followed by seminested PCR with serotypespecifi c primers (3). Results from 2 Key West mosquito pools collected on June 25 and 30 showed a positive fi rstround reverse transcription PCR and a positive second-round PCR specifi c for DENV-1. A third Key West pool collected on August 27 showed only a positive second-round PCR specifi c for DENV-1. No other DENV serotypes were detected.
An Agile Supply Modulator With Improved Transient Performance for Power Efficient Linear Amplifier Employing Envelope Tracking Techniques (2019)

This article presents an agile supply modulator with optimal transient performance that includes improvement in rise time, overshoot and settling time for the envelope tracking supply in linear power amplifiers. For this purpose, we propose an on-demand current source module: the bang-bang transient performance enhancer (BBTPE). Its objective is to follow fast variations in input signals with reduced overshoot and settling time without deteriorating the steady-state performance of the buck regulator. The proposed approach enables fast system response through the BBTPE and an accurate steady-state output response through a low switching ripple and power efficient dynamic buck regulator. Fast output response with the help of the added module induces a slower rise of inductor current in the buck converter that further helps the proposed system to reduce both overshoot and settling time. This article also introduces an efficient selective tracking of envelope signal for linear PAs. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution, extensive simulations and experimental results from a discrete system are reported. The proposed supply modulator shows 80% improvement in rise time along with 60% reduction in both overshoot and settling time compared to the conventional dynamic buck regulator-based solution. Experimental results using the LTE 16-QAM 5 MHz standard shows improvement of 7.68 dB and 65.1% in adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM), respectively.
Direct Measurement of Acceptor Group Localization on Donor–Acceptor Polymers Using Resonant Auger Spectroscopy (2014)

We use near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and resonant Auger spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the electronic structure of the LUMO of two similar donor/acceptor-type polymers, PCPDTBT and PCDTBT, which are of interest for organic photovoltaic applications. We find the resonant Auger results to be independent of film morphology and likely dominated by localized structure rather than extended chain interactions. We show that the degree of excited state localization onto the benzothiadiazole acceptor group in each polymer is similar, suggesting that that the differences in IQE between these two polymers are not explained by the electronic structure of the LUMO.
eSYSID: A proposal for a flexible electronic SYStem IDentification test bench (2009)

The experimental verification of identification techniques is the ultimate step in showing its qualities and weaknesses. For research purposes, the main problem is the reproduction of measurements done by other groups to validate a new method or excitation. For teaching purposes, on the other hand, it is extremely important that the students can put the system and/or method under study into different configurations. Having a realistic, reproducible and flexible test bench is, however, not an easy mission. This motivates the development of an electronic SYStem IDentification test bench (eSYSID). This paper provides a first architectural study of a digitally-programmable analog test bench. The analog system basically describes the nonlinear state-space equations using nonlinear functions and integrators. The initial architectural structure is described to give the potential users the ability to evaluate the possible use of the test bench. Hence, this paper can be seen as a study of the eSYSID under development, with the intention to gather realistic use-cases from various research groups in the field of instrumentation, measurement and identification.
Preclinical models for in vitro mechanical loading of bone-derived cells (2015)

It is well established that bone responds to mechanical stimuli whereby physical forces are translated into chemical signals between cells, via mechanotransduction. It is difficult however to study the precise cellular and molecular responses using in vivo systems. In vitro loading models, which aim to replicate forces found within the bone microenvironment, make the underlying processes of mechanotransduction accessible to the researcher. Direct measurements in vivo and predictive modeling have been used to define these forces in normal physiological and pathological states. The types of mechanical stimuli present in the bone include vibration, fluid shear, substrate deformation and compressive loading, which can all be applied in vitro to monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. In monolayer, vibration can be readily applied to cultures via a low-magnitude, high-frequency loading rig. Fluid shear can be applied to cultures in multiwell plates via a simple rocking platform to engender gravitational fluid movement or via a pump to cells attached to a slide within a parallel-plate flow chamber, which may be micropatterned for use with osteocytes. Substrate strain can be applied via the vacuum-driven FlexCell system or via a four-point loading jig. 3D cultures better replicate the bone microenvironment and can also be subjected to the same forms of mechanical stimuli as monolayer, including vibration, fluid shear via perfusion flow, strain or compression. 3D cocultures that more closely replicate the bone microenvironment can be used to study the collective response of several cell types to loading. This technical review summarizes the methods for applying mechanical stimuli to bone cells in vitro.
Expression and localization of the polarity protein CRB2 in adult mouse brain: a comparison with the CRB1rd8 mutant mouse model (2018)

Acquisition of cell polarization is essential for the performance of crucial functions, like a successful secretion and appropriate cell signaling in many tissues, and it depends on the correct functioning of polarity proteins, including the Crumbs complex. The CRB proteins, CRB1, CRB2 and CRB3, identified in mammals, are expressed in epithelial-derived tissues like brain, kidney and retina. CRB2 has a ubiquitous expression and has been detected in embryonic brain tissue; but currently there is no data regarding its localization in the adult brain. In our study, we characterized the presence of CRB2 in adult mice brain, where it is particularly enriched in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Double immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that CRB2 is a neuron-specific protein, present in both soma and projections where colocalizes with certain populations of exocytic and endocytic vesicles and with other members of the Crumbs complex. Finally, in the cortex of CRB1<sup>rd8</sup> mutant mice that contain a mutation in the Crb1 gene generating a truncated CRB1 protein, there is an abnormal increase in the expression levels of the CRB2 protein which suggests a possible compensatory mechanism for the malfunction of CRB1 in this mutant background.
Algorithm and architecture design for a low-complexity adaptive equalizer (2003)

As the need for multimedia communication continues to surge, consumers demand higher and higher transmission data rate. To circumvent the channel impairment caused by multipath fading, more and more receivers resort to adaptive equalizers. However, the complexity of time-domain adaptive equalizers can be too high for some specific applications. In this paper, a novel adaptive algorithm and its low-complexity architecture are proposed. This algorithm, called GSPT LMS algorithm, employs a new Grouped Signed Power-of-Two (GSPT) number representation. An adaptive equalizer using the proposed algorithm has been simulated and shown to be capable of equalization of 8PSK signals in several practical channels. Finally, the proposed adaptive equalizer and two other adaptive equalizers are implemented on a FPGA. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture has the lowest complexity and saves about 50% to 70% of hardware.
Cytochrome P450 CYP79F1 from Arabidopsis Catalyzes the Conversion of Dihomomethionine and Trihomomethionine to the Corresponding Aldoximes in the Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Glucosinolates (2001)

Glucosinolates are natural plant products that have received rising attention due to their role in interactions between pests and crop plants and as chemical protectors against cancer. Glucosinolates are derived from amino acids and have aldoximes as intermediates. We report that cytochrome P450 CYP79F1 catalyzes aldoxime formation in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using recombinant CYP79F1 functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, we show that both dihomomethionine and trihomomethionine are metabolized by CYP79F1 resulting in the formation of 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime and 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime, respectively. 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime is the precursor of the major glucosinolates in leaves of A. thaliana, i.e. 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate, and a variety of other glucosinolates in Brassica sp. Transgenic A. thaliana with cosuppression of CYP79F1 have a reduced content of aliphatic glucosinolates and a highly increased level of dihomomethionine and trihomomethionine. The transgenic plants have a morphological phenotype showing loss of apical dominance and formation of multiple axillary shoots. Our data provide the first evidence that a cytochrome P450 catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of chain-elongated methionine homologues to the corresponding aldoximes in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates.
Direct position determination of OFDM signals (2007)

Direct Position Determination (DPD) has recently been proposed [1] as a high-accuracy technique for emitter localization. It has been shown that DPD outperforms traditional emitter localization methods such as Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA) and Time-Of-Arrival (TOA) as it solves the localization problem using the data collected at all sensors at all base stations together, as opposed to the traditional AOA/TOA approach that is composed of two separate steps: 1) AOA/TOA independent estimates and 2) triangulation based on the results of the first step (see e.g., [2]). The signal model in [1] assumed a narrow-band Gaussian source with a rather simple flat-fading channel model. Here we extend the DPD algorithm to OFDM signals that propagate through a frequency-selective channel and derive the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the problem.
DNA-Based Methods to Prepare Helper Virus-Free Herpes Amplicon Vectors and Versatile Design of Amplicon Vector Plasmids (2006)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vector is a versatile plasmid-based gene delivery vehicle with a large transgene capacity (up to 150 kb) and the ability to infect a broad range of cell types. The vector system was originally developed by Frenkel and her colleagues in 1980. Ever since, a great deal of effort by various investigators has been directed at minimizing the toxicity associated with the inevitable contamination by helper virus. In 1996, Fraefel and his colleagues successfully devised a cosmid-based packaging system that was free of contamination by helper virus (so-called helper virus-free packaging), which utilized as helper a set of 5 overlapping cosmid clones that covered the entire HSV genome, which lacked the DNA packaging/cleavage signals. With the helper virus-free system, broader applications of the vector became possible. Cloning of the entire HSV genome in bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) plasmids enabled stable maintenance and propagation of the helper HSV genome in bacteria. It also allowed for the development of BAC-based helper virus-free packaging systems. In this article, we review various versions of DNA-based methods to prepare HSV amplicon vectors free of helper virus contamination. We also examine recent advances in vector design, including methods of vector construction, hybrid amplicon vectors, and the infectious BAC system. Future directions in improving packaging systems and vector designs are discussed.
Structural-functional relationships in diabetic nephropathy. (1984)

Renal biopsies in 45 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined by semiquantitative light microscopy and quantitative electron microscopic stereologic morphometry. In these 14 males and 31 females, aged 13-52 yr, who had had IDDM for 2.5-29 yr there was no strong relationship between either glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness or mesangial expansion and duration of IDDM. There was only a weak relationship between the thickness of the GBM and expansion of the mesangium. Thus, GBM thickening and mesangial expansion in IDDM occur at rates that often differ from one another and that vary greatly among patients. The clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, hypertension, and decreased glomerular filtration rate related poorly or not at all to GBM thickening. In contrast, all light and electron microscopic measures of mesangial expansion were strongly related to the clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, although in the absence of these clinical findings, it was not possible to predict the severity of any of the diabetic glomerular lesions. Mesangial expansion had strong inverse correlations with capillary filtering surface area density. It is hypothesized that mesangial expansion could lead to glomerular functional deterioration in IDDM by restricting the glomerular capillary vasculature and its filtering surface. However, capillary closure, glomerular sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis could also contribute to the clinical manifestations of this disorder.