gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus Type 37 Uses Sialic Acid as a Cellular Receptor on Chang C Cells (2002)

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe eye infection caused mainly by adenovirus type 8 (Ad8), Ad19, and Ad37. We have shown that the EKC-causing adenoviruses use sialic acid as a cellular receptor on A549 cells instead of the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, which is used by most adenoviruses. Recently, Wu et al. (Virology 279:78-89, 2001) proposed that Ad37 uses a 50-kDa protein as a receptor on Chang C conjunctival cells and that this interaction is independent of sialic acid. According to the American Type Culture Collection, this cell line carries HeLa cell markers and should be considered to be a genital cell line. This prompted us to investigate the function of sialic acid as a cellular receptor for Ad37 in Chang C cells. In this study, we demonstrate that enzymatic removal or lectin-mediated blocking of cell surface sialic acid inhibits the binding of Ad37 virions to Chang C cells, as does soluble, virion-interacting sialic acid-containing substances. The binding was Ca2+ or Mg2+ ion independent and mediated by the knob domain of the trimeric viral fiber polypeptide. Moreover, Ad37 virions infected Chang C cells and two other genital cell lines (HeLa and SiHa) as well as a corneal cell line in a strictly sialic acid-dependent manner. From these results, we conclude that Ad37 uses sialic acid as a major receptor in cell lines derived from both genital and corneal tissues.
Miniaturized frequency reconfigurable pentagonal MIMO slot antenna for interweave CR applications (2019)

In this article, a miniaturized 4-element frequency reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design is low profile with planar configuration. The design consists of pentagonal slot-based frequency reconfigurable antenna elements. Varactor diodes are used to change the capacitive reactance of the slot. The MIMO antenna system can be tuned over a frequency band covering 3.2 to 3.9 GHz with at least 100 MHz bandwidth within each band. The proposed antenna covers several commercial standards including WiMAX (3.4-3.6 GHz), TDD LTE (3.6-3.8 GHz), and Wi-Fi 802.11y (3.65-3.7 GHz), along with several other bands. The proposed design was realized on a board of dimensions 60 × 120 mm2. The isolation between adjacent antenna elements is improved using slot-line based defected ground structures (DGS). The antenna maintains a minimum isolation of 10 dB in its entire covered operating bands. The antenna is also analyzed for its far-field characteristics and MIMO performance parameters. The proposed design is suitable to be used in mobile handsets for cognitive radio (CR) platforms.
Gene targeting in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2001)

Precise modification by gene targeting (GT) provides an important tool for studies of gene function in vivo. Although routine with many organisms, only isolated examples of GT events have been reported for flowering plants. These were at low frequencies precluding reliable estimation of targeting efficiency and evaluation of GT mechanisms. Here we present an unambiguous and straightforward system for detection of GT events in Arabidopsis using an endogenous nuclear gene encoding protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), involved in chlorophyll and heme syntheses. Inhibition of PPO by the herbicide Butafenacil results in rapid plant death. However, the combination of two particular mutations renders PPO highly resistant to Butafenacil. We exploited this feature for selection of GT events by introducing the mutations into the PPO gene by homologous recombination. We have estimated the basal GT frequency to be 2.4 x 10(-3). Approximately one-third of events were true GT (TGT) leading to the anticipated modification of the chromosomal PPO copy. The remaining events could be classified as ectopic GT (EGT) arising by modification of vector DNA by the chromosomal template and its random integration into the Arabidopsis genome. Thus the TGT frequency in our experimental setup is 0.72 x 10(-3). In view of the high efficiency of Arabidopsis transformation, GT experiments of a reasonable size followed by a PCR screen for GT events should also allow for modification of non-selectable targets. Moreover, the system presented here should contribute significantly to future improvement of GT technology in plants.
Improved crystal quality and harmonic generation in GaSe doped with indium (1997)

GaSe crystals were doped with indium, and improvements in the mechanical properties and second-harmonic efficiency over pure crystals were obtained. Both effects are due to an improvement in the crystal quality of the material, and it was shown that doping with low levels of indium did not alter the intrinsic value of the nonlinear d coefficient.
Fe(iii) complex of biuret-amide based macrocyclic ligand as peroxidase enzyme mimic (2011)

An Fe(III) complex of a biuret-amide based macrocyclic ligand that exhibits both excellent reactivity for the activation of H(2)O(2) and high stability, especially at low pH and high ionic strength, is reported.
A Colorimetric DNA Diagnostic Method for Falciparum Malaria and Vivax Malaria: A Field Trial in the Solomon Islands (1996)

Abstract We have developed a colorimetric assay, “microtiter plate-hybridization”, for the detection of malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in human blood, in which the target DNA sequences (18s small subunit ribosomal RNA gene) amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are hybridized with the species-specific probes immobilized on a microtiter well. This assay system was tested in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, where malaria is highly endemic. We obtained blood samples by finger puncture from 130 asymptomatic donors. Among the 130 samples, 30 (23 %) were P. falciparum positive, 28 (22 %) were P. vivax positive, and 8 (6 %) were mixed infections. The results of our DNA diagnostic method showed good correlation with those of acridine orange microscopy.
Review of multi-parameter fiber grating sensors (2007)

Fiber optic grating sensors have been widely used to support the measurement of strain and temperature. By appropriately constructing fiber gratings it is possible to simultaneously measure two or more environmental parameters simultaneously. This in turn results in the realization of a host of new sensing possibilities including multi-dimensional strain, shear strain in bond lines, imaging of damage in composite materials via "strain imaging" and fiber grating sensors that are capable of compensating for temperature while measuring pressure, corrosion and other environmental effects. This paper will review some of these capabilities.
In Vivo Determination of the Frequency Response of the Tooth Root Canal Impedance versus Distance from the Apical Foramen (2007)

Working length (WL) determination is a key factor to the endodontic therapy or root canal treatment success. Almost all therapy procedures depend on this measure and the wrong WL determination may produce severe consequences, like post-therapeutic pain and the need of a new root canal treatment. Electronic foramen locators (EFL) have been replacing the traditional radiographic imaging as they are faster, easier to use and have a higher success rate when measuring WL. EFLs are based on the root canal impedance assessment between two electrodes: one fixed on the endodontic file that is inserted into the root canal, and the other positioned at oral mucosa membrane. There are only few reported studies that qualify or quantify the root canal impedance characteristics. The present work aims to determine the module of tooth root canal frequency response. The preliminary results show the frequency response module variation as a function of endodontic file position inside the root canal and reinforce the methods based on relative impedance over frequency analysis used in modern EFLs.
Front Cover: Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clocks Operated Outside Laboratory at the Level of 10 <sup>−18</sup> Uncertainty (Adv. Quantum Technol. 8/2021) (2021)

Laser cooled and trapped atoms in an optical lattice operated at the magic wavelength, as illustrated in the cover image, play a leading part in an ultraprecise optical clock, referred to as an optical lattice clock. In article number 2100015, Noriaki Ohmae and co-workers developed transportable optical lattice clocks that were operated outside a laboratory with a fractional uncertainty of 5.5 × 10−18. Their demonstration will accelerate field applications of ultraprecise optical clocks, such as a chronometric leveling.
Phoneprioception (2013)

Enabling phones to infer whether they are currently in a pocket, purse or on a table facilitates a range of new interactions from placement-dependent notifications setting to preventing "pocket dialing". We collected data from 693 participants to understand where people keep their phone in different contexts and why. Using this data, we identified three placement personas: Single Place Pat, Consistent Casey, and All-over Alex. Based on these results, we collected two weeks of labeled accelerometer data in-situ from 32 participants. We used this data to build models for inferring phone placement, achieving an accuracy of approximately 85% for inferring whether the phone is in an enclosed location and for inferring if the phone is on the user. Finally, we prototyped a capacitive grid and a multispectral sensor and collected data from 15 participants in a laboratory to understand the added value of these sensors.
A Continuous Flow Process for the Radical Induced End Group Removal of RAFT Polymers (2012)

Abstract A continuous flow process for the radical‐induced end‐group removal of polymers made by a RAFT process is described. A series of different monomers, including acrylamides, methacrylate, and styrene are polymerized at 70–100 °C using various different RAFT agents, solvents, and radical initiators. The subsequent end group removal process is carried out in a steel tube flow reactor system at 100 °C in organic solvents or water. After reaction, the polymers exhibit low polydispersities between 1.03 and 1.19, and average molecular weights between 7500 and 22 800 g · mol −1 . This continuous flow approach provides a facile alternative scale‐up route to conventional batch operation and can be integrated into a sequential flow process consisting of RAFT polymerization followed by post‐treatment. magnified image
Inline Injection Microdevice for Attomole-Scale Sanger DNA Sequencing (2007)

A new affinity-capture-based inline purification, concentration, and injection method is developed for microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) and used to perform efficient attomole-scale Sanger DNA sequencing separations. The microdevice comprises three axial domains for nanoliter-scale sequencing sample containment, sample plug formation, and high-resolution capillary gel electrophoresis. Purified and concentrated inline sample plugs are formed by electrophoretically driving Sanger sequencing extension fragments into an affinity-capture polymer network positioned within a CE separation channel. Extension fragments selectively hybridize and concentrate at the polymer interface while residual primer, nucleotides, and salts electrophorese out of the system. The plug is thermally released and injected into the CE channel by direct application of the separation voltage. To evaluate this system, 30 nL of sequencing sample prepared from 100 amol (60 million molecules) of human mitochondrial hypervariable region II amplicon was introduced into the microchip, purified, concentrated, and injected, generating a read length of 365 bases with 99% accuracy. This efficient inline injection system obviates the need for the excess sample that is required by cross-injection techniques, thereby enabling Sanger sequencing and other high-performance genetic analysis using DNA quantities approaching theoretical detection limits.
Toward Efficient Optical Trapping of Sub-10-nm Particles with Coaxial Plasmonic Apertures (2012)

Optical trapping using focused laser beams has emerged as a powerful tool in the biological and physical sciences. However, scaling this technique to nanosized objects remains challenging due to the diffraction limit of light and the high power levels required for nanoscale trapping. In this paper, we propose plasmonic coaxial apertures as low-power optical traps for nanosized specimens. The illumination of a coaxial aperture with a linearly polarized plane wave generates a dual optical trapping potential well. We theoretically show that this potential can stably trap dielectric particles smaller than 10 nm in diameter while keeping the trapping power level below 20 mW. By tapering the thickness of the coaxial dielectric channel, trapping can be extended to sub-2-nm particles. The proposed structures may enable optical trapping and manipulation of dielectric particles ranging from single proteins to small molecules with sizes previously inaccessible.
The content of soyasaponin and soyasapogenol in soy foods and their estimated intake in the Japanese (2014)

Soyasaponins have been reported to promote various health functions. However, the total soyasaponin and soyasapogenol content in soy products and the daily intake remain to be fully elucidated. We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method to evaluate the content of group A and B soyasaponins and soyasapogenols. The total soyasaponin content was measured after pretreatment converted soyasaponins to soyasapogenols. The total soyasaponin content in soy foods was 200-1800 nmol g(-1), although that of soy sauce was 2-7 nmol g(-1). The soyasapogenol to total soyasaponin ratio was 30-50% in long-term matured miso. The majority of the soyasapogenol detected was soyasapogenol B rather than soyasapogenol A, resulting in speculation that further steps are required to liberate aglycones from glycoside-conjugated soyasaponins in soyasapogenol A. We estimated the daily intake of total soyasaponins and soyasapogenols by the Japanese, which was 50.3 and 0.59 μmol, respectively. The soyasapogenol content and the soyasapogenol to total soyasaponin ratio was considerably low in most soy products, except for long-term maturated miso. The major source of the daily intake of soyasaponins and soyasapogenols were tofu and miso, respectively.
Cutting Edge: Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Interaction Regulates the Induction and Maintenance of Invariant NKT Cell Anergy (2008)

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid Ags. Upon TCR stimulation, iNKT cells promptly secrete a wide range of cytokines and therefore have been investigated as a target for immunotherapy. However, after primary activation, iNKT cells become hyporesponsive toward their ligand (anergy). The further mechanism behind iNKT cell anergy is poorly understood. We found that a low level of programmed death-1 (PD-1) was constitutively expressed on iNKT cells and that PD-1 expression was increased after stimulation and lasted at least 2 mo. Moreover, not only did blocking of the PD-1/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway prevent the induction of anergy in iNKT cells, but anergic iNKT cells also recovered responsiveness and these "rescued" cells efficiently mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is essential for the induction and maintenance of iNKT cell anergy.
Global optimization of multi-period optimal power flow (2013)

In this work, we extend the algorithm proposed in [1] to solve multi-period optimal power flow (MOPF) problems to global optimality. The multi-period version of the OPF is time coupled due to the integration of storage systems into the network, and ramp constraints on the generators. The global optimization algorithm is based on the spatial branch and bound framework with lower bounds on the optimal objective function value calculated by solving a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the MOPF. The proposed approach does not assume convexity and is more general than the ones presented previously for the solution of MOPF. We present a case study of the IEEE 57 bus instance with a time varying demand profile. The integration of storage in the network helps to satisfy loads during high demands and the ramp constraints ensure smooth generation profiles. The SDP relaxation does not satisfy the rank condition, and our optimization algorithm is able to guarantee global optimality within reasonable computational time.
ESD protection in a mixed-voltage interface and multirail disconnected power grid environment in 0.50- and 0.25-μm channel length CMOS technologies (1995)

On-chip ESD protection for semiconductor chips with mixed-voltage interface applications and internal multiple power bus architecture is discussed. ESD robustness in shallow trench isolation 0.50- and 0.25-/spl mu/m channel-length CMOS technologies is demonstrated using novel ESD structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-loop system of distributed microregulators with high DC accuracy, load response time below 500ps, and 85mV dropout voltage (2011)

A dual-loop architecture employs 8 distributed microregulators (UREGs) to achieve response times below 500ps in 45nm SOI CMOS. The trip point of an asynchronous comparator inside each UREG is tuned for high DC accuracy with a local charge pump, which receives UP/DOWN currents from a slow outer feedback loop. Measured DC load regulation is better than 10mV down to a dropout voltage of 85mV, and jitter readings in a CMOS delay line application indicate output noise below 28mVpp.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR THE DEOXYGENATION OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS (1975)

Abstract Ein Verfahren zur Reduktion sek. Alkohole zu Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Tributylstannan unter Vermeidung von Umlagerungen wird beschrieben, bei dem die Alkohole zunächst in Thioester umgewandelt werden.
A First-In-Human Clinical Trial of Adoptive Therapy Using CD19-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Re-Directed T-Cells for Recurrent/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma. (2007)

Abstract The immunotherapeutic ablation of lymphoma is a conceptually attractive treatment modality that is the subject of intense translational research activities. One approach being piloted through the City of Hope Lymphoma SPORE is the application of cellular immunotherapy employing cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) grafts genetically engineered for CD19-specific effector functioning. This has been achieved by the construction of a chimeric T-cell antigen receptor (CAR) composed of a CD19-specific single chain immunoglobulin variable fragment (scFv) extracellular targeting domain molecularly coupled to the CD3 complex zeta chain. Cytolytic T-cells that are genetically modified to express this CAR display HLA-independent CD19-specific recognition and killing of lymphoma target cells. Using clinically applicable plasmid gene transfer/selection systems our group has demonstrated that anti-CD19 CAR+/HyTK+ CD8+ effectors can be generated from CTL precursors present in the peripheral blood and expanded to clinically relevant cell doses. We have designed an FDA-authorized (BB-IND#11411) clinical trial in which patients with recurrent/refractory follicular lymphoma undergo leukapheresis and a polyclonal CTL product derived that a.) expresses the anti-CD19 CAR, b.) kills CD19+ lymphoma targets, c) remains dependent on exogenous IL-2 for survival and proliferation, and d.) is sensitive to ganciclovir ablation by virtue of co-expression of the selection-suicide transgene HyTK. The trial is designed to assess the safety of intra-patient dose escalation beginning at a cell dose of 100x106 cells/m2 escalating to a dose of 2,000x106 cells/m2. In addition, this trial employs the use of rituximab to clear circulating B-cells prior to the first T-cell dose and fludarabine following the first T-cell infusion to both induce temporary lymphopenia and limit anti-transgene rejection responses. The protocol employs low-dose subcutaneous rhuIL-2 to support the numerical and temporal persistence of transferred CTLs. Treated patients are monitored with immunologic correlative studies that include Q-PCR for tracking persistence of transferred CTLs, RT-QPCR for following the levels of CD19+ B-cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, as well as, CT and PET imaging studies to follow disease responses. Here, we report on our initial clinical experience treating patients on this trial.
Potential antitumor agents. 23. 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)alkanesulfonanilide congeners bearing hydrophilic functionality (1977)

From structure--anti-L1210 relationships developed earlier for the 4'-(9-acridinylamino)alkanesulfonanilides it was predicted that congeners bearing both lipophilic 3-acridine substituents and compensatory hydrophilic function(s), together providing an overall molecular lipophilic--hydrophilic balance close to optimum, should have augmented antitumor properties. The acceptability of a variety of hydrophilic functions, and optimum positioning of these, has now been investigated. A variety of sterically demanding, hydrophilic functions may be acceptably appended to the acridine 4(5) position suggesting considerable site bulk tolerance. A variant with both a lipophilic 3-acridine substituent (3-iodo) and a hydrophilic 5-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy) function is markedly more active than previous examples in the early treated, intraperitoneally (ip) dosed, ip implanted L1210 system, the assay system employed in the structure--activity analyses. However, this latter compound, on ip administration, failed to significantly inhibit subcutaneously implanted L1210 whereas earlier variants, under the same conditions, provided significant tumor inhibition. In this drug series the observed order of relative drug effectiveness alters with changing site of tumor implantation.
Studies on the Syntheses of 2 (1H)-Pyridone Derivatives. III. Synthesis of 6-Amino-2 (1H)-pyridones and Their Cyclization (1979)

In order to examine biological activities, synthesis of 6-amino-2 (1H)-pyridones and their cyclization were carried out. The reaction of 4-cyano-3-butenoic acid esters (IIIa, b) with ammonia, methylamine, hydroxylamine, and hydrazine gave 6-amino-2 (1H)-pyridones (IVa, b) and the derivatives of IV having substituents such as methyl group (IVc), hydroxyl group (VII), or amino group (X) respectively, at 1-position. Condensation of these 1, 6-disubstituted 2 (1H)-pyridones with 1, 3-dicabonyl compounds or carboxylic acids resulted in the formation of 1, 8-naphthyridinone (VI), oxadiazolo [2, 3-a] pyridones (IX), or triazolo [2, 3-a] pyridones (XI).
Thrombomodulin ameliorates transforming growth factor-β1–mediated chronic kidney disease via the G-protein coupled receptor 15/Akt signal pathway (2020)

Kidney fibrosis is the common consequence of chronic kidney diseases that inexorably progresses to end-stage kidney disease with organ failure treatable only with replacement therapy. Since transforming growth factor-β1 is the main player in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, we posed the hypothesis that recombinant thrombomodulin can ameliorate transforming growth factor-β1-mediated progressive kidney fibrosis and failure. To interrogate our hypothesis, we generated a novel glomerulus-specific human transforming growth factor-β1 transgenic mouse to evaluate the therapeutic effect of recombinant thrombomodulin. This transgenic mouse developed progressive glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with kidney failure. Therapy with recombinant thrombomodulin for four weeks significantly inhibited kidney fibrosis and improved organ function compared to untreated transgenic mice. Treatment with recombinant thrombomodulin significantly inhibited apoptosis and mesenchymal differentiation of podocytes by interacting with the G-protein coupled receptor 15 to activate the Akt signaling pathway and to upregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including survivin. Thus, our study strongly suggests the potential therapeutic efficacy of recombinant thrombomodulin for the treatment of chronic kidney disease and subsequent organ failure.