gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The physical and genomic organization of microsatellites in sugar beet. (1996)

Microsatellites, tandem arrays of short (2-5 bp) nucleotide motifs, are present in high numbers in most eukaryotic genomes. We have characterized the physical distribution of microsatellites on chromosomes of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Each microsatellite sequence shows a characteristic genomic distribution and motif-dependent dispersion, with site-specific amplification on one to seven pairs of centromeres or intercalary chromosomal regions and weaker, dispersed hybridization along chromosomes. Exclusion of some microsatellites from 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA gene sites, centromeres, and intercalary sites was observed. In-gel and in situ hybridization patterns are correlated, with highly repeated restriction fragments indicating major centromeric sites of microsatellite arrays. The results have implications for genome evolution and the suitability of particular microsatellite markers for genetic mapping and genome analysis.
India domestic IPOs to overshadow foreign listings. (2014)

India's capital markets have returned following the election of Narendra Modi last month. Domestic IPOs are expected -- perhaps at the cost of foreign listings
Personalized Dynamic Pricing with Machine Learning: High-Dimensional Features and Heterogeneous Elasticity (2021)

We consider a seller who can dynamically adjust the price of a product at the individual customer level, by utilizing information about customers’ characteristics encoded as a d-dimensional feature vector. We assume a personalized demand model, parameters of which depend on s out of the d features. The seller initially does not know the relationship between the customer features and the product demand but learns this through sales observations over a selling horizon of T periods. We prove that the seller’s expected regret, that is, the revenue loss against a clairvoyant who knows the underlying demand relationship, is at least of order [Formula: see text] under any admissible policy. We then design a near-optimal pricing policy for a semiclairvoyant seller (who knows which s of the d features are in the demand model) who achieves an expected regret of order [Formula: see text]. We extend this policy to a more realistic setting, where the seller does not know the true demand predictors, and show that this policy has an expected regret of order [Formula: see text], which is also near-optimal. Finally, we test our theory on simulated data and on a data set from an online auto loan company in the United States. On both data sets, our experimentation-based pricing policy is superior to intuitive and/or widely-practiced customized pricing methods, such as myopic pricing and segment-then-optimize policies. Furthermore, our policy improves upon the loan company’s historical pricing decisions by 47% in expected revenue over a six-month period. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach (1996)

From the Publisher:
Written for the introductory Operating Systems course,this book is organized around basic concepts in the design of an operating system with plenty of actual code and case studies. Design is emphasized throughout using problems,applications,and design technique sidebar discussions.
Software process improvement at Raytheon (1996)

Over the last eight years, Raytheon mounted a sustained effort to improve its software development processes. The author describes the organizational structure and activities that made these processes more productive and predictable while raising software quality.
Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds (2012)

The "Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases, General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds" presents practical, current information and insights about wild bird illnesses and the procedures to follow when ill birds are found or epidemics occur. Section 1 of the Manual provides information about general field procedures. Sections 2 through 5 describe various bird diseases. Sections 6 and 7 provide information about toxins that affect birds, and Section 8 describes miscellaneous diseases and hazards that affect birds. Manual lists institutions and laboratories that offer diagnostic services; sources of supplies for collecting, preserving, and shipping specimens; and it contains color illustrations for dissection.
A Causal View on Robustness of Neural Networks (2020)

We present a causal view on the robustness of neural networks against input manipulations, which applies not only to traditional classification tasks but also to general measurement data. Based on this view, we design a deep causal manipulation augmented model (deep CAMA) which explicitly models possible manipulations on certain causes leading to changes in the observed effect. We further develop data augmentation and test-time fine-tuning methods to improve deep CAMA's robustness. When compared with discriminative deep neural networks, our proposed model shows superior robustness against unseen manipulations. As a by-product, our model achieves disentangled representation which separates the representation of manipulations from those of other latent causes.
Learning to Predict Driver Behavior from Observation. (2017)

This paper focuses on modeling and predicting human driving behavior, with the long term goal of anticipating the behavior of the driver before dangerous situations occur. We formulate this problem as a Learning from Demonstration problem, and show how standard supervised learning methods do not perform well in this task. The main contribution of this paper is a new approach we call indirect prediction. The key idea of indirect prediction is not to predict the behavior directly, but rather to build a model that predicts how certain features of the world state will change over time, and then use those to predict the necessary behavior in order to achieve those changes. We show how this apparently counterintuitive idea directly addresses one of the key reasons for which supervised learning does not perform well for LfD. In addition, we show how using ideas from context-based reasoning can also improve the accuracy of behavior modeling.
Channel estimation for OFDM systems with subspace persuit algorithm (2010)

Signal recovery techniques for compressive sampling, such as matching pursuit (MP), orthogonal MP (OMP), and linear programming (LP), have been developed and applied to the spare channel estimation problem in orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we first propose using a newly developed algorithm, subspace pursuit (SP), for the channel estimation problem. It is shown that the SP algorithm can outperform the MP, OMP, and LP algorithms. However, the SP algorithm will fail if the number of the pilots is small. We then propose a decision-feedback method, referred to as the pseudo-pilot assisted (PA) SP, which can be used in low pilot-density scenarios. Simulations show that the proposed PASP can significantly improve the performance of channel estimation when the number of pilots is small.
Synthesis of magnetic microporous organic nanotube networks for adsorption application (2016)

Magnetic microporous organic nanotube networks (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-MONNs) are successfully synthesized by an <italic>in situ</italic> hyper-cross-linking reaction between magnetic nanoparticles and core–shell bottlebrush copolymers.
Laser-induced backside wet etching of glasses and crystals (2007)

Das laserinduzierte Rückseitenätzen (LIBWE ... laser-induced backside wet etching) ist eine vielversprechend Methode, um direkt und mit hoher Qualität Mikrostrukturen in transparente dielektrische Materialien einzubringen. Der Ätzprozess findet dabei an der Rückseite der transparenten Probe statt, welche sich in Kontakt mit einer absorbierenden Flüssigkeit befindet. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden sowohl experimentelle Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Ätzprozess durchgeführt als auch erste Anwendungsbeispiele der Technologie im Bereich der Mikrooptik demonstriert. Der Einfluss der Prozessparameter auf das Ätzverhalten beim LIBWE unter Verwendung organischer Absorberflüssigkeiten und UV-Excimerlaser mit ns-Pulsen wurde systematisch untersucht. Als transparente Materialien kam Quarzglas (Fused Silica), technische Gläser, kristalliner Quarz, MgF2, CaF2 und Saphir zum Einsatz. Der Ätzprozess beim LIBWE ist vor allem durch geringe Schwellfluenzen (~ 0,33 J/cm² für Quarzglas), kleine Ätzraten (1-20 nm/Puls), geringe Rauheiten (< 10 nm rms), ein spezifisches Verhalten der Ätzeffizienz, Inkubationseffekte und eine material- und flüssigkeitsabhängige Oberflächenmikrotopographie charakterisiert. Die geätzten Probenoberflächen wurden mittels Weißlichtinterferometrie, SEM, AFM, Raman-Spektroskopie, XPS, RBS/C, in-situ-Reflexionsmessung und UV/VIS Transmissionsspektroskopie. Ausgehend von den Resultaten kann auf eine hochabsorbierende Oberflächenschicht infolge der Wechselwirkung des Lasers mit der Festkörper-Flüssigkeits-Grenzfläche geschlossen werden, die sowohl chemische als auch strukturelle Veränderungen des Ausgangsmaterials aufweist. Weiterhin zeigten GC-MS-, Raman-Spektroskopie-, SEM- und TEM-Untersuchungen, dass sich die Flüssigkeit durch die UV-Laserbestrahlung stark zersetzt. Basierend auf den experimentellen Daten und deren Diskussion anhand der beobachteten Prozesse wurden ein erweitertes und verbessertes Ätzmodell zum LIBWE entwickelt sowie die auftretenden Grenzflächentemperaturen berechnet.
Owner consultation and servitude negotiations (2003)

The Southern Africa Regional Gas project involves the extraction, processing and utilization of natural gas reserves in Mozambique, the exploration and development of gas fields, establishment of a processing facility, construction of a pipeline, conversion of a gas network, and the conversion of several factories. Each feature's environmental aspects are considered separately. Potential negative environmental impacts are in the following areas: soil erosion and excavation; sedimentation; impacts on habitats including grasslands, ironwood forests, mangrove swamps, and barrier lakes; improved access to sensitive ecosystems; bat colonies; crop and arable land losses; internal migration, settlement changes, and change in employment; malaria; nuisances related to construction; and pollution including air pollutants, increase in effluents, ash water systems, noise pollution, and solid waste. Mitigation measures are proposed for the impacts identified.
Acute Heart Failure (2021)

Acute heart failure is defined as a rapid onset of worsening of symptoms and/or signs of heart failure such as dyspnoea, orthopnoea, peripheral oedema up to cardiogenic shock, and acute cardiac death. It may be an acute condition, but more commonly a consequence of acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure is often precipitated by acute myocardial ischaemia, infection, hypertension, arrhythmia, drugs, and toxins, as well as non-compliance with heart failure drugs. The clinical examination reveals peripheral oedema, pulmonary rales, extended jugular veins, third heart sounds, and mitral and/or aortic regurgitation or stenosis. Laboratory findings show elevated levels of natriuretic peptides and often, also, troponins, while chest X-ray reveals pulmonary congestion and echocardiography reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and/or valvular heart disease. The therapeutic strategy differs on whether the patient has congestion or suffers mainly from impaired organ perfusion. As such, patients may be warm and dry, warm and wet, cold and dry, or cold and wet. Depending on these clinical features intravenous vasodilators or vasoconstrictors or diuretics may be the appropriate treatment option. In severe cases, left ventricular assist devices may be considered.
Rejoinder to Rita M. Gross (1999)

Journal Article Rejoinder to Rita M. Gross Get access Katherine K. Young Katherine K. Young McGill University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume 67, Issue 1, March 1999, Pages 195–198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/67.1.195 Published: 01 March 1999
Modeling of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Stator Winding Interturn Faults (2010)

This paper develops and analyzes a parametric model for simulating healthy and faulty surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors. It allows studying the effects of stator winding interturn short-circuit faults. A relevant feature of the developed model is that it deals with spatial harmonics due to a nonsinusoidal rotor permanent magnet configuration. Additionally, the proposed model is valid for studying the behavior of these machines running under nonstationary conditions, including load or speed variations. Stator current spectra obtained from simulations performed by applying the proposed model show a close similitude with experimental results, highlighting the potential of such a model to understand the effects of stator winding failures on the current spectrum and allowing it to carry out an automatic diagnosis of such faults.
VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detection (2018)

Accurate detection of objects in 3D point clouds is a central problem in many applications, such as autonomous navigation, housekeeping robots, and augmented/virtual reality. To interface a highly sparse LiDAR point cloud with a region proposal network (RPN), most existing efforts have focused on hand-crafted feature representations, for example, a bird's eye view projection. In this work, we remove the need of manual feature engineering for 3D point clouds and propose VoxelNet, a generic 3D detection network that unifies feature extraction and bounding box prediction into a single stage, end-to-end trainable deep network. Specifically, VoxelNet divides a point cloud into equally spaced 3D voxels and transforms a group of points within each voxel into a unified feature representation through the newly introduced voxel feature encoding (VFE) layer. In this way, the point cloud is encoded as a descriptive volumetric representation, which is then connected to a RPN to generate detections. Experiments on the KITTI car detection benchmark show that VoxelNet outperforms the state-of-the-art LiDAR based 3D detection methods by a large margin. Furthermore, our network learns an effective discriminative representation of objects with various geometries, leading to encouraging results in 3D detection of pedestrians and cyclists, based on only LiDAR.
Quantification of Bone Structural Parameters and Mechanical Competence at the Distal Radius (2008)

For the clinician, predicting the fracture risk for individual patients is mainly restricted to the quantitative analysis of bone density. Several studies have shown that bone strength, an indicator for bone fracture risk, is only predicted moderately by bone density, indicating that there are other factors influencing bone competence. However, the relative importance of "bone quantity" and "bone quality" remains poorly understood. The objectives of this article are to describe some of the techniques used to measure the microarchitectural aspects of bone quality, how they can be quantified, and how these quantitative endpoints can be used in the assessment of bone competence. Special focus will be on the distal radius, a site with a high fracture incidence. With the introduction of high-resolution in vivo bone imaging systems, a new generation of imaging instruments has entered the arena allowing the reconstruction of the 3-dimensional microarchitecture of the bones at the wrist, thereby giving researchers and clinicians a powerful tool for the quantitative assessment of bone microstructure. In combination with large-scale finite element modeling, these methodologies have reached a level that it is now becoming possible to assess bone stiffness and strength in humans in a clinical setting. The procedure can help improve predictions of fracture risk, clarify the pathophysiology of skeletal diseases, and monitor the response to therapy.
Hydrogen etch of GaN and its application to produce porous GaN caves (2011)

Although it is known that GaN tend to decompose in hydrogen environments, there has been few investigations in hydrogen etch of GaN. This study performs a systematic research on hydrogen etch of GaN under various pressures. It is observed that hydrogen atoms initially etch into GaN to form pinholes. Dislocations are usually the preferred places for initial hydrogen etch, but not all etched holes result from dislocations. When etched at low pressure and high temperature, deep vertical holes extending several microns can be formed by the hydrogen etch. However, when etch is performed at high pressure, apparent lateral etch are observed under the initial holes, leading to bollard-like GaN posts. From this systematic study, a model has been proposed to explain the vertical and the lateral etching mechanisms. With the established model, a sequential etch of GaN in hydrogen under varying pressure has been designed to successfully maintain a smooth GaN front surface, but to etch the underlying GaN to form a porous cave structure. Thick GaN films are then overgrown on such GaN layers with the hydride vapor phase epitaxy technology. It is demonstrated that the overgrown GaN thick films can self-separate from the underlying Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrates.
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect hemagglutination assays for determining anthrax antibodies (1984)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been established to measure anthrax antibody titers. The protective antigen component of anthrax toxin was used as the capture antigen. Two types of conjugates (protein A-horseradish peroxidase and anti-human immunoglobulin G plus immunoglobulin A plus immunoglobulin M-horseradish peroxidase) were tested. Results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing were compared with those from indirect hemagglutination titers on serum from vaccinees. The overall trend of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination titers was significant. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay offered speed, precision, and reduced cost per test.
Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection: implications for multiple sclerosis (2020)

Axonal loss is the key pathological substrate of neurological disability in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the consequences of demyelination on neuronal and axonal biology are poorly understood. The abundance of mitochondria in demyelinated axons in MS raises the possibility that increased mitochondrial content serves as a compensatory response to demyelination. Here, we show that upon demyelination mitochondria move from the neuronal cell body to the demyelinated axon, increasing axonal mitochondrial content, which we term the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). However, following demyelination axons degenerate before the homeostatic ARMD reaches its peak. Enhancement of ARMD, by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial transport from the cell body to axon, protects acutely demyelinated axons from degeneration. To determine the relevance of ARMD to disease state, we examined MS autopsy tissue and found a positive correlation between mitochondrial content in demyelinated dorsal column axons and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell bodies. We experimentally demyelinated DRG neuron-specific complex IV deficient mice, as established disease models do not recapitulate complex IV deficiency in neurons, and found that these mice are able to demonstrate ARMD, despite the mitochondrial perturbation. Enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics in complex IV deficient neurons protects the axon upon demyelination. Consequently, increased mobilisation of mitochondria from the neuronal cell body to the axon is a novel neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable, acutely demyelinated axon. We propose that promoting ARMD is likely to be a crucial preceding step for implementing potential regenerative strategies for demyelinating disorders.
Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests) (2006)

The human recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibody is the preferred test for screening asymptomatic people and for excluding coeliac disease in symptomatic individuals with a low pretest probability (i.e. <25%) for coeliac disease. Furthermore, it has a number of practical and financial advantages. If the pretest probability is >25%, biopsy is preferred as the post-test probability of coeliac disease with a negative test is still >2%.
Fusion of range and intensity information for view invariant gesture recognition (2008)

This paper presents a system for view invariant gesture recognition. The approach is based on 3D data from a CSEM SwissRanger SR-2 camera. This camera produces both a depth map as well as an intensity image of a scene. Since the two information types are aligned, we can use the intensity image to define a region of interest for the relevant 3D data. This data fusion improves the quality of the range data and hence results in better recognition. The gesture recognition is based on finding motion primitives in the 3D data. The primitives are represented compactly and view invariant using harmonic shape context. A probabilistic Edit Distance classifier is applied to identify which gesture best describes a string of primitives. The approach is trained on data from one viewpoint and tested on data from a different viewpoint. The recognition rate is 92.9% which is similar to the recognition rate when training and testing on gestures from the same viewpoint, hence the approach is indeed view invariant.
Food-Grade Microemulsions Based on Nonionic Emulsifiers:  Media To Enhance Lycopene Solubilization (2002)

Water-dilutable food-grade microemulsions consisting of ethoxylated sorbitan esters, and in some cases blended with other emulsifiers, water, (R)-(+)-limonene, ethanol, and propylene glycol, have been prepared. These microemulsions are of growing interest to the food industry as vehicles for delivering and enhancing solubilization of natural food supplements with nutritional and health benefits. Lycopene, an active natural lipophilic antioxidant from tomato, has solubilized in water-in-oil, bicontinuous, and oil-in-water types of microemulsions up to 10 times the oil [(R)-(+)-limonene] dissolution capacity. The effects of aqueous-phase dilution, nature of surfactant (hydrophilic-lypophilic balance), and mixed surfactant on solubilization capacity and solubilization efficiency were studied. Structural aspects studied by self-diffusion NMR were correlated to the solubilization capacity, and transformational structural changes were identified.
Proteolytic activity (aspartic endoproteinase and carboxypeptidase) of cocoa bean during fermentation (1998)

This study was carried out to examine the changes in cocoa aspartic endoproteinase and carboxypeptidase activities, mass pH and temperature during 144 h (6 days) of fermentation using shallow wooden boxes. The results showed that at 72 h of fermentation, the activity of aspartic endoproteinase was higher than the original value. However, at 96 h the carboxypeptidase activity was higher than its original activity. The study also found a high correlation 0·99 (P<0·05) between the mass temperature with the aspartic endoproteinase at 48 h of fermentation. No correlation was found between the mass pH and temperature with the carboxypeptidase during fermentation. The degradation of vicilin-class globulin was about 88·8% and that of albumin was 47·4% at the end of fermentation. © 1998 SCI.