gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue may promote angiogenesis for adipose tissue remodeling in obesity (2008)

The biological role of macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in obesity remains to be fully understood. We hypothesize that macrophages may act to stimulate angiogenesis in the adipose tissue. This possibility was examined by determining macrophage expression of angiogenic factor PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) and regulation of tube formation of endothelial cells by PDGF. The data suggest that endothelial cell density was reduced in the adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. Expression of endothelial marker CD31 was decreased in protein and mRNA. The reduction was associated with an increase in macrophage infiltration. In the obese mice, PDGF concentration was elevated in the plasma, and its mRNA expression was increased in adipose tissue. Macrophages were found to be a major source of PDGF in adipose tissue, as deletion of macrophages led to a significant reduction in PDGF mRNA. In cell culture, PDGF expression was induced by hypoxia, and tube formation of endothelial cells was induced by PDGF. The PDGF activity was dependent on S6K, as inhibition of S6K in endothelial cells led to inhibition of the PDGF activity. We conclude that, in response to the reduced vascular density, macrophages may express PDGF in adipose tissue to facilitate capillary formation in obesity. Although the PDGF level is elevated in adipose tissue, its activity in angiogenesis is dependent on the availability of sufficient endothelial cells. The study suggests a new function of macrophages in the adipose tissue in obesity.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Cyclohexylglycine (1999)

(S)-cyclohexylglycine (1) is prepared in high yield by hydrogenation of (S)-phenylglycine (2) using rhodium on carbon as the catalyst.
Structural basis for GLP-1 receptor activation by LY3502970, an orally active nonpeptide agonist (2020)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are efficacious antidiabetic medications that work by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improving energy balance. Currently approved GLP-1R agonists are peptide based, and it has proven difficult to obtain small-molecule activators possessing optimal pharmaceutical properties. We report the discovery and mechanism of action of LY3502970 (OWL833), a nonpeptide GLP-1R agonist. LY3502970 is a partial agonist, biased toward G protein activation over β-arrestin recruitment at the GLP-1R. The molecule is highly potent and selective against other class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with a pharmacokinetic profile favorable for oral administration. A high-resolution structure of LY3502970 in complex with active-state GLP-1R revealed a unique binding pocket in the upper helical bundle where the compound is bound by the extracellular domain (ECD), extracellular loop 2, and transmembrane helices 1, 2, 3, and 7. This mechanism creates a distinct receptor conformation that may explain the partial agonism and biased signaling of the compound. Further, interaction between LY3502970 and the primate-specific Trp33 of the ECD informs species selective activity for the molecule. In efficacy studies, oral administration of LY3502970 resulted in glucose lowering in humanized GLP-1R transgenic mice and insulinotropic and hypophagic effects in nonhuman primates, demonstrating an effect size in both models comparable to injectable exenatide. Together, this work determined the molecular basis for the activity of an oral agent being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, offering insights into the activation of class B GPCRs by nonpeptide ligands.
Contraction of cross-linked actomyosin bundles (2012)

Cross-linked actomyosin bundles retract when severed in vivo by laser ablation, or when isolated from the cell and micromanipulated in vitro in the presence of ATP. We identify the timescale for contraction as a viscoelastic time τ, where the viscosity is due to (internal) protein friction. We obtain an estimate of the order of magnitude of the contraction time τ ≈ 10-100 s, consistent with available experimental data for circumferential microfilament bundles and stress fibers. Our results are supported by an exactly solvable, hydrodynamic model of a retracting bundle as a cylinder of isotropic, active matter, from which the order of magnitude of the active stress is estimated.
Cross parity check convolutional codes (1989)

A class of convolutional codes called cross parity check (CPC) codes, which are useful for the protection of data stored on magnetic tape, is described and analyzed. CPC codes are first explained geometrically; their construction is described in terms of constraining data written onto a tape in such a way that when lines of varying slope are drawn across the tape, the bits falling on those lines sum to zero modulo two. This geometric interpretation is then formalized by the construction of canonical parity check matrices and systematic generator matrices for CPC codes and by computing their constraint lengths. The distance properties of CPC codes are analyzed, and it is shown that these codes are maximum distance separable convolutional codes. In addition, examples are given of both error and erasure decoding algorithms that take advantage of the geometric regularity of CPC codes. The technique of parity check matrix reduction, which is useful for reducing the inherent decoding delay of CPC codes, is described. The technique consists of dividing each term of the parity check matrix by some polynomial and retaining only the remainder. A class of polynomials that are particularly attractive for this purpose if identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Particle Film Application Influences Apple Leaf Physiology, Fruit Yield, and Fruit Quality (2001)

Particle film technology is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and York Springs, Pa., Wenatchee and Yakima, Wash., and Kearneysville, W. Va., to evaluate the effect of particle treatments on apple [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh) Manst.] leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Leaf carbon assimilation was increased and canopy temperatures were reduced by particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. Yield and/or fruit weight was increased by the particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. In Santiago and Kearneysville, a * values of the fruit surface were more positive in all trials although a * values were not increased in Wenatchee and Yakima. Results indicate that particle film technology is an effective tool in reducing heat stress in apple trees that may result in increased yield potential and quality.
A minimal isoform of the TMEM16A protein associated with chloride channel activity (2011)

TMEM16A protein, also known as anoctamin-1, has been recently identified as an essential component of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels. We previously reported the existence of different TMEM16A isoforms generated by alternative splicing. In the present study, we have determined the functional properties of a minimal TMEM16A protein. This isoform, called TMEM16A(0), has a significantly shortened amino-terminus and lacks three alternative segments localized in the intracellular regions of the protein (total length: 840 amino acids). TMEM16A(0) expression is associated with Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel activity as measured by three different functional assays based on the halide-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein, short-circuit current recordings, and patch-clamp technique. However, compared to a longer isoform, TMEM16(abc) (total length: 982 amino acids), TMEM16A(0) completely lacks voltage-dependent activation. Furthermore, TMEM16A(0) and TMEM16A(abc) have similar but not identical responses to extracellular anion replacement, thus suggesting a difference in ion selectivity and conductance. Our results indicate that TMEM16A(0) has the basic domains required for anion transport and Ca(2+)-sensitivity. However, the absence of alternative segments, which are present in more complex isoforms of TMEM16A, modifies the channel gating and ion transport ability.
Occlusion of retinal vessels using targeted delivery of a platelet aggregating agent. (1993)

Local laser targeted delivery of a platelet aggregating agent to occlude retinal and choroidal vessels was evaluated in rabbits and rats. Liposomes containing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were administered intravenously and an argon laser was used to lyse the liposomes in main retinal arteries. Control vessels were treated with the same energy of laser without administering ADP. Fluorescein angiography performed 2 weeks later showed that all the control vessels were perfused. Ninety percent of the ADP-treated arteries showed complete or partial occlusion. Successful occlusion increased with the laser energy and decreased with increasing vessel diameter. Histopathology showed that occlusion was achieved in retinal as well as choroidal vessels. The inner retina remained relatively unaffected at the treatment site but the outer retina was thermally damaged. These preliminary results suggest that targeted delivery of a platelet aggregating agent holds promise for occluding vessels in the fundus.
Letter to Jatavia Johnson and Caresha Brownlee (The City Girls) (2020)

This letter to Jatavia Johnson and Caresha Brownlee (the City Girls) argues that the rap duo’s brand, music, and videos are prime examples of Hip Hop and percussive feminism. It also explains how their contributions to the rap industry as Black womxn have inspired other Black womxn to embrace their sexuality, live freely, and disregard politics of respectability. Personal experiences from the author are incorporated to display how the City Girls are empowering and inspiring a new generation of Black womxn and girls. Additionally, critiques from the media and double standards between white and Black womxn in the entertainment industry are also confronted.
Development of compact explosively driven ferromagnetic seed source for helical magnetic flux compression generator (2017)

A compact explosively driven ferromagnetic generator (FMG) is developed for seed power source of helical magnetic flux compression generator (HMFCG). The mechanism of FMG is studied by establishing a magnetoelectric conversion model. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations are conducted on the magnetostatic field of open-circuit magnet in FMG. The calculation method for the magnet’s cross-sectional magnetic flux is obtained. The pulse sources made of different materials and equipped with different initiation modes are experimentally explored. Besides, the dynamic coupling experiments of FMG and HMFCG are carried out. The results show that, N35 single-ended and double-ended initiating FMGs have an energy conversion efficiency ηt not less than 14.6% and 24.4%, respectively; FMG has an output pulse current not less than 4kA and an energy of about 3J on 320nH inductive load; HMFCG experiences energy gains of about 2-3 times. FMG and HMFCG can be coupled to form a full-blast electrical driving pulse source.
Electro-Mechanical Impedance-Based Wireless Structural Health Monitoring Using PCA-Data Compression and <i>k</i>-means Clustering Algorithms (2007)

This article presents a practical method for an electro-mechanical impedance-based wireless structural health monitoring (SHM), which incorporates the principal component analysis (PCA)-based data compression and k-means clustering-based pattern recognition. An on-board active sensor system, which consists of a miniaturized impedance measuring chip (AD5933) and a self-sensing macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch, is utilized as a next-generation toolkit of the electromechanical impedance-based SHM system. The PCA algorithm is applied to the raw impedance data obtained from the MFC patch to enhance a local data analysis-capability of the on-board active sensor system, maintaining the essential vibration characteristics and eliminating the unwanted noises through the data compression. Then, the root-mean square-deviation (RMSD)-based damage detection result using the PCA-compressed impedances is compared with the result obtained from the raw impedance data without the PCA preprocessing. Furthermore, the k-means clustering-based unsupervised pattern recognition, employing only two principal components, is implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed methods for a practical use of the electromechanical impedance-based wireless SHM is verified through an experimental study consisting of inspecting loose bolts in a bolt-jointed aluminum structure.
Development of BWR plant data analysis and diagnosis information system (1989)

An online surveillance system, PLADIS (PLant data Analysis and Diagnosis Information System), has been developed for nuclear power plants which is capable of early detection of anomalies in the plant and the plant control systems. This system uses high-speed process signal data acquisition and a noise analysis technique, and is designed to monitor the integrity of the plant. The design and functions of the system are described. At present six such systems are in operation in BWR nuclear power plants and have proved efficient in diagnosing plant abnormalities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An oral tactile interface for blind navigation (2006)

An oral tactile interface was designed and evaluated to provide directional cues through the tactile channel, which may be utilized by a blind traveler to obtain directional guidance in outdoor navigation. The device was implemented as a mouthpiece with a microfabricated electrotactile display on top for tactile presentation onto the roof of the mouth and a tongue touch keypad at the bottom for simultaneous operation by the tongue. An experimental system allowed a user to communicate with a computer tactilely by using the oral interface. Directional cues were presented to the user as line or arrow patterns with four moving directions (leftward, rightward, forward, and backward). Electrotactile presentation on the roof of the mouth was evaluated in experiments of threshold measurement and identification of directional cues. Experimental results from six human subjects showed that the roof of the mouth required stimulation intensities around 15 V for threshold sensation, and around 25-30 V for comfortable and well-perceived stimulation. Furthermore, identification of leftward or rightward movements was highly accurate while performance on forward or backward moving patterns was mixed and varied considerably among subjects.
Exploiting redundancy to solve the Poisson equation using local information (2009)

This paper proposes a novel method of solving the Poisson equation used in image processing techniques that are based on computations in the gradient domain. The Poisson equation is used to perform an inverse gradient transform; it back-solves to find an image that is closest to having a particular gradient. The traditional methods for back-solving require access to the entire gradient-domain image; in a real-time embedded implementation, this implies high hardware complexity, large latency, and large memory buffers. We propose a method that produces high quality results visually and is based on a small sliding window with specially chosen boundary conditions. The method has been simulated as a proof of concept, and should result in much faster and smaller digital hardware than traditional approaches.
Microscale LC-MS-NMR Platform Applied to the Identification of Active Cyanobacterial Metabolites (2008)

An LC-MS-NMR platform is demonstrated, which combines two innovations in microscale analysis, nanoSplitter LC-MS and microdroplet NMR, for the identification of unknown compounds found at low concentrations in complex sample matrixes as frequently encountered in metabolomics or natural products discovery. The nanoSplitter provides the high sensitivity of nanoelectrospray MS while allowing 98% of the HPLC effluent from a large-bore LC column to be collected and concentrated for NMR. Microdroplet NMR is a droplet microfluidic NMR loading method providing severalfold higher sample efficiency than conventional flow injection methods. Performing NMR offline from LC-UV-MS accommodates the disparity between MS and NMR in their sample mass and time requirements, as well as allowing NMR spectra to be requested retrospectively, after review of the LC-MS data. Interpretable 1D NMR spectra were obtained from analytes at the 200-ng level, in 1 h/well automated NMR data acquisitions. The system also showed excellent intra- and interdetector reproducibility with retention time RSD values less than 2% and sample recovery on the order of 93%. When applied to a cyanobacterial extract showing antibacterial activity, the platform recognized several previously known metabolites, down to the 1% level, in a single 30-mug injection, and prioritized one unknown for further study.
Isolation and Analysis of Cinnamic Acid 4-Hydroxylase Homologous Genes from a Hybrid Aspen,<i>Populus kitakamiensis</i> (1996)

Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) is the second enzyme involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and is a member of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily. Three CA4H homologous genes, cyp73A, cyp73b, and cyp73c, and a cDNA clone of cyp73a were isolated from a genomic library and a cDNA library of a hybrid aspen; Populus kitakamiensis, and were characterized. They might be interrupted by two introns each. cyp73a and cyp73b were very similar to each other not only in coding regions but also in non-coding regions. Southern blot analysis showed that four homologous genes for CA4H constructed a small gene family in the diploid genome of P. kitakamiensis. In the promoter regions, there were many common cis-element-like sequences in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes.
Efficient and Robust RFI Extraction Via Sparse Recovery (2016)

This paper presents a simple adaptive framework for robust separation and extraction of multiple sources of radio-frequency interference (RFI) from raw ultra-wideband (UWB) radar signals in challenging bandwidth management environments. RFI sources pose critical challenges for UWB systems since 1) RFI often occupies a wide range of the radar's operating frequency spectrum; 2) RFI might have significant power; and 3) RFI signals are difficult to predict and model due to the nonstationary nature as well as the complexity of various communication devices. Our proposed framework involves an initial RFI estimation step that operates directly on already contaminated radar signals to identify RFI-dominant frequency sub-bands. This vital prior information is then taken into account to construct an adaptive RFI dictionary with various sinusoidal patterns covering the aforementioned RFI-contaminated frequency spectrum. Finally, we employ a sparsity-driven optimization strategy to separate and then extract RFI from the received radar signals. Our method can be implemented as a denoising preprocessing stage for raw radar signals prior to image formation and other follow-up tasks such as target detection and classification. Recovery results from extensive simulated data sets as well as real-world signals collected by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) UWB synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed framework.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of natural products and related compounds. XX. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of natural products and related compounds. XX. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of 16-membered macrolide antibioticsSatoshi Omura, Akira Nakagawa, Andras Neszmelyi, Stephan D. Gero, Anne M. Sepulchre, Francois Piriou, and Gabor LukacsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 14, 4001–4009Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00847a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00847a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-Term Evaluation of Low-Density Cement: Laboratory Studies and FieldApplication (2007)

Cementing a string in one stage is a challenging task, especially in the presence of weak formations. Cement slurry losses during placement is highly possible in S-1 (sandstone) and S-2 (carbonate) formations, if the equivalent circulating density (ECD) exceeds 11 lb/gal during placement. A conventional method to overcome this challenge is to use multi-stage cementing by setting the stage tool above the loss circulation zone. However, the success of this tool is limited. A second method is to use low density cement.In this study, we present extensive lab work evaluation of a low density cement system based on the use of hollow microspheres at field conditions. The tests included shrinkage, compressive strength development, porosity, gas and brine permeability. Data generated during three months supported the use the cement examined.The hollow microspheres cement was applied in several gas wells. The technical objective of the cement job was to achieve zonal isolation across the weak S-1 & S-2 formations. The operation objective was to cement the casing to the surface in one stage without using stage tools.This paper will discuss case histories that include job design, execution, and evaluation of the hollow microspheres cement. Field treatments were conducted without encountering any operational problems. The treatment was successful and maintained isolation for more than three years which confirmed the effectiveness of this cement system.
Effect of Glass Transition Temperature of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives on Light Leakage in LCD Panel (2009)

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA), which mainly are made of acrylic polymers, have been used to fix optical films to liquid crystal display (LCD) cells to prevent contraction or expansion of the optical film under high temperature and high humidity conditions, while residual stress on the polarizing film is generated and light-leakage results from it in the peripheral area of an LCD panel. In this work, we prepared two different kinds of PSAs and tested light leakage with respect to Tg, verifying that Tg would have an effect on light leakage. We calculated their Tg values using the Fox equation and investigated them by DSC. Rheological properties of the PSAs were also acquired by a rotational rheometer which confirm the relation between Tg and dynamic moduli (G′ and G″). It was found that the higher the Tg, the less is an amount of light leaked.