gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure Therapy with and without Virtual Reality to Treat PTSD while in the Combat Theater: A Parallel Case Series (2010)

Exposure therapy (ET) has been observed to be an effective modality for the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, efforts have been made to use virtual reality (VR) to enhance outcome with modes of ET. How such therapy applies to service members who are facing the reality of a combat deployment has been unknown. This case series documents the first use of VR-based therapy to the treatment of PTSD in a combat theater. Results of therapy are reported from a mental health clinic in Camp Fallujah, Iraq. Combat PTSD constituted a relatively small percentage of overall mental health patients seen. Those who did present with PTSD were offered VR-based ET or traditional ET. Patients who received either treatment modality showed significant gains, and no service member in treatment had to be medically evacuated because of ongoing PTSD symptoms. This demonstrates that ET, with or without the use of VR, can be an effective means of helping service members with mental health issues while they serve in theater.
Biosynthesis of the psychotropic plant diterpene salvinorin A: Discovery and characterization of the <i>Salvia divinorum</i> clerodienyl diphosphate synthase (2016)

Salvia divinorum commonly known as diviner's sage, is an ethnomedicinal plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Salvia divinorum is rich in clerodane-type diterpenoids, which accumulate predominantly in leaf glandular trichomes. The main bioactive metabolite, salvinorin A, is the first non-nitrogenous natural compound known to function as an opioid-receptor agonist, and is undergoing clinical trials for potential use in treating neuropsychiatric diseases and drug addictions. We report here the discovery and functional characterization of two S. divinorum diterpene synthases (diTPSs), the ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) synthase SdCPS1, and the clerodienyl diphosphate (CLPP) synthase SdCPS2. Mining of leaf- and trichome-specific transcriptomes revealed five diTPSs, two of which are class II diTPSs (SdCPS1-2) and three are class I enzymes (SdKSL1-3). Of the class II diTPSs, transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana identified SdCPS1 as an ent-CPP synthase, which is prevalent in roots and, together with SdKSL1, exhibits a possible dual role in general and specialized metabolism. In vivo co-expression and in vitro assays combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis identified SdCPS2 as a CLPP synthase. A role of SdCPS2 in catalyzing the committed step in salvinorin A biosynthesis is supported by its biochemical function, trichome-specific expression and absence of additional class II diTPSs in S. divinorum. Structure-guided mutagenesis revealed four catalytic residues that enabled the re-programming of SdCPS2 activity to afford four distinct products, thus advancing our understanding of how neo-functionalization events have shaped the array of different class II diTPS functions in plants, and may promote synthetic biology platforms for a broader spectrum of diterpenoid bioproducts.
[A serious complication-obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome after velopharyngeal ring ligation procedure: report of 6 cases]. (2005)

OSAHS was likely to occur in VRLP patients below 12 years. Many feature of this kind of OSAHS were different from the ordinary pediatric OSAHS. It showed that OSAHS after VRLP was characterized by more apneas, less partial upper airway obstruction and associated with distinguished staged desaturation.
Transfection of shRNA-encoding Minivector DNA of a few hundred base pairs to regulate gene expression in lymphoma cells (2010)

This work illustrates the utility of Minivector DNA, a non-viral, supercoiled gene therapy vector incorporating short hairpin RNA from an H1 promoter. Minivector DNA is superior to both plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA) in that it has improved biostability while maintaining high cell transfection efficiency and gene silencing capacity. Minivector DNAs were stable for over 48 h in human serum, as compared with only 0.5 and 2 h for siRNA and plasmid, respectively. Although all three nucleic acids exhibited similar transfection efficiencies in easily transfected adhesion fibroblasts cells, only Minivector DNAs and siRNA were capable of transfecting difficult-to-transfect suspension lymphoma cells. Minivector DNA and siRNA were capable of silencing the gene encoding anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a key pathogenic factor of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and this silencing caused inhibition of the lymphoma cells. Based on these results, Minivector DNAs are a promising new gene therapy tool.
Intestinal perforation after nivolumab immunotherapy for a malignant melanoma: a case report (2017)

Although intestinal perforation after nivolumab immunotherapy is rare, it can be severe and requires early diagnosis and emergency surgery to ensure a favorable prognosis.
Calciphylaxis (2017)

The present review describes recent literature in the field of calciphylaxis. Calciphylaxis registries and specimen biorepositories promise to provide insights into the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis and will pave the way for much needed clinical trials.
Purification and initial characterization of a potential plant vacuolar targeting receptor. (1994)

Clathrin-coated vesicles are known to be involved in the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the vacuole in plant cells. The mechanisms by which proteins are directed into this pathway are not known. Here we identify an integral membrane protein of approximately 80 kDa, extracted from clathrin-coated vesicles of developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) cotyledons, that bound at neutral pH to an affinity column prepared with the N-terminal targeting determinant of the vacuolar thiol protease, proaleurain, and eluted when the pH was lowered to 4. The protein was not retained on a control column prepared with the N-terminal sequence of a homologous, secreted thiol protease, endopeptidase B. The 80-kDa protein also accumulated in a membrane fraction that is less dense than clathrin-coated vesicles. In vitro studies demonstrated a binding constant of 37 nM between the approximately 80 kDa protein and the proaleurain targeting determinant. A peptide with a vacuolar targeting determinant from prosporamin weakly competed for binding to the approximately-80 kDa protein, while a peptide carrying a single amino acid substitution known to abolish prosporamin vacuolar targeting had no measurable binding affinity for the protein. The binding protein is a glycoprotein with a transmembrane orientation in which the C terminus is exposed to the cytoplasm. The binding domain is located in the N-terminal luminal portion of the protein. These properties of the binding protein are consistent with the function of a receptor that would select proteins in the trans-Golgi for sorting to clathrin-coated vesicles and delivery to the vacuole.
Modulation of Inflammatory Response Improves Myocardial Infarct Healing in Rats (2014)

It is reputed that the ideal therapeutic approaches to treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardium infarction (MI) should be aimed at the inflammation reaction triggers. This study investigated the effectiveness of the impact of L- 17 compound of the group of 5- phenyl substituted-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine-2-amines upon the course of experimental MI as compared to the impact of a preparation, officially registered in Russia as an immunomodulator, Tamerit, belonging to phthalhydrazid derivative substance. Acute MI in rats was induced by left coronary artery coagulation. Histological study of the myocardium sections and biochemical analysis has been carried out at the 1st and 7th days of the experimental MI. The conducted investigations have shown that under the action of immunocorrectors the inflammation reaction character changes, exudative/destructive inflammation is replaced by a proliferative-cellular one. Animals' blood biochemical analysis at the background of L-17 and Tamerit introduction has shown a decrease of aminotransferases and lactatedehydrogenases activity in blood as compared to the reference group of animals' indicators, which is evidently caused by epicardial injury of myocardium and lesser amount of the alternative cardiomyocytes. At the same time, no noticeable difference in biochemical characteristics in groups, having been treated to immunomodulators of different chemical composition was identified, which is the sign of the essential similarity of their impact. Thus, immunocorrectors of different chemical groups (Tamerit and compound L17) diminish the volume of initial myocardial infarction and accelerate the granulation processes in course of MI, and represent a new category of treatment agents.
Evaluating topic-driven web crawlers (2001)

Due to limited bandwidth, storage, and computational resources, and to the dynamic nature of the Web, search engines cannot index every Web page, and even the covered portion of the Web cannot be monitored continuously for changes. Therefore it is essential to develop effective crawling strategies to prioritize the pages to be indexed. The issue is even more important for topic-specific search engines, where crawlers must make additional decisions based on the relevance of visited pages. However, it is difficult to evaluate alternative crawling strategies because relevant sets are unknown and the search space is changing. We propose three different methods to evaluate crawling strategies. We apply the proposed metrics to compare three topic-driven crawling algorithms based on similarity ranking, link analysis, and adaptive agents.
Specific spinal stabilisation exercises in patients with low back pain – a systematic review (2007)

AbstractAbstractThe aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of specific spinal stabilisation exercises in patients with low back pain (LBP). PubMed and PEDro databases were searched. Ten relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a study population of patients with acute, sub-acute or chronic LBP were reviewed and quality assessed. The intervention method should have included specific spinal stabilisation exercises including co-contraction of multifidus muscles and transversus abdominis muscles. Seven RCTs were high quality and three were low quality. The results indicate moderate evidence of improved disability and/or pain level, increased multifidi cross-sectional area, and limited evidence for improved quality of life after treatment. The outcome measures used showed extensive heterogeneity. Larger, randomised, controlled trials of high quality, in different subgroups of LBP patients, with long-term follow-up are warranted. A standardisation of outcome measures would be beneficial in order to facilitate comparability among studies.Keywords: LUMBAR MULTIFIDUSPHYSICAL THERAPYQUALITY ASSESSMENTREHABILITATIONTRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
3D optoacoustic tomography via coded acoustic apertures (2021)

Optoacoustic tomography (OAT) conventionally relies on curved detectors to maximize the sensitivity and lateral resolution. Here, we present an alternative paradigm to OAT that creates a virtual detector array with a high angular acceptance and sensitivity by using coded acoustic apertures and a flat piezoelectric detector. Using this approach, we created a 2D virtual array with 1763 elements and performed OAT of a complex 3D object with approximate axial and lateral resolutions of 150 μm and 500 μm in a flat detection geometry, demonstrating an image quality comparable to the one achieved with curved detection geometries.
OF ADHESIVE INFLAMMATION (2015)

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Assessment of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Detection of Mycobacterial Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis (1987)

Summary An ELISA which detects bovine circulating IgG mycobacterial antibodies using M. bovis PPD as antigen was assessed. PPDs prepared from unheated cultures of two M. bovis strains were compared with autoclaved bovine PPD; the latter was found to be a more reliable antigen. Ninety per cent of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculous cattle were detected by this method (18/20), whereas 89.8% of negative reactions (44/49) were observed in healthy cattle from a tuberculosis‐free area. Antibody levels of tuberculin negative cattle from an endemic area did not differ significantly from antibody levels of cattle from a tuberculosis‐free area. An almost complete qualitative correlation was observed between instrumental and visual readings. In the present trial, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were similar to those of the tuberculin skin test at its best. In addition, operative advantages and low cost of the ELISA make of it a valuable tool for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Zusammenfassung Bestimmung der Sensitivität und Spezifität eines enzymgebundenen Immunadsorptionstests (ELISA) zum Nachweis von mykobakteriellen Antikörpern bei boviner Tuberkulose Ein ELISA zum Nachweis von zirkulierenden, bovinen IgG‐Antikörpern mit M. bovis als Antigen wurde überprüft. Autoklaviertes bovines PPD erwies sich, verglichen mit PPDs aus nicht erhitzten Kulturen zweier M. bovis ‐Stämme, als geeignetes Antigen. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode konnten bei Rindern mit bakteriologisch abgesicherter Tuberkulose in 90% der Fälle (18/20) Antikörper nachgewiesen werden. Negative Befunde wurden dagegen zu 89,9% bei gesunden Tieren aus einem tuberkulosefreiem Gebiet ermittelt. Zwischen den Antikörpergehalten tuberkulinnegativer Rinder aus einem endemischen Gebiet und Tieren aus dem tuberkulosefreien Gebiet konnte keine signifikante Abweichung festgestellt werden. Eine nahezu vollständige Korrelation bestand zwischen instrumenteller und visueller Ablesung. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung waren die Ergebnisse des ELISA bezüglich Sensitivität und Spezifität ähnlich denen des Tuberkulin‐Hauttestes. Darüber hinaus machen die technischen Vorteile und geringen Kosten den ELISA zu einem nützlichen Hilfsmittel für die Diagnostik der bovinen Tuberkulose.
In-vitro maturation of human oocytes from regularly menstruating women may be successful without follicle stimulating hormone priming (1999)

This prospective randomized study investigated whether the developmental potential of in-vitro matured (IVM) human oocytes is improved by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) priming before aspiration. Normally cycling women were recruited among couples referred for in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection because of male factor and/or tubal disease. In the first experiment, 20 women were randomly allocated to either no stimulation (n = 10) or stimulation for 3 days with rec-FSH (Gonal-F, Serono) at a fixed dose of 150 IU/day from day 3 (n = 10). The oocytes were aspirated when the follicle(s) was observed to be 10 mm and matured in vitro for 36 h. In experiment 2, 12 women received rec-FSH (150 IU/daily) from day 3. In five patients stimulation was given for 3 days and aspiration performed as in the first experiment; the remaining seven patients continued stimulation until follicles were 10 mm in diameter and aspiration was performed 72 h later. All the oocytes were cultured for 48 h. FSH priming did not increase the number of oocytes obtained per aspiration and did not improve on maturation to metaphase II, cleavage rate or embryo development. The implantation potential of IVM embryos may be improved by maturation for 36 h compared to 48 h. In the first experiment, five out of 20 patients (25%) obtained a clinical pregnancy with an implantation rate of 15% (5/33). One has delivered a healthy boy and three pregnancies are ongoing beyond 32 gestational weeks. In the second experiment, an implantation rate of 7% and a single pregnancy (8%) was obtained, with delivery of a healthy girl.
Exact distributed Voronoi cell computation in sensor networks (2007)

Distributed computation of Voronoi cells in sensor networks, i.e. computing the locus of points in a sensor field closest to a given sensor, is a key building block that supports a number of applications in both the data and control planes. For example, knowledge of Voronoi cells facilitates efficient methods for computing the piece-wise approximation of a field, whereby each sensor acts as a representative for the set of points in its Voronoi cell; awareness of Voronoi boundaries and Voronoi neighbors is also useful in load balancing and energy conservation. The methods currently advocated for distributed Voronoi computation in sensor networks are heuristic approximations that can introduce significant inaccuracies that are difficult to rigorously quantify; we demonstrate that these methods may err by a factor of 5 or more in some circumstances. We present and prove an exact method which eliminates these inaccuracies, at the cost of increased messaging overhead, but without necessitating contact with the entire network. To our knowledge, this is the first distributed algorithm that computes accurate Voronoi cells without requiring all-to-all communication. We implement it as a TinyOS module and quantitatively analyze its performance.
Psilocin analogs. III. Synthesis of 5‐methoxy‐ and 5‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐9<i>H</i>‐pyrido[3,4‐<i>b</i>]indoles (1982)

Abstract A number of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines were prepared with oxygen substituents at C‐5. This class of compounds represents a hybrid between two naturally occurring groups of hallucinogenic molecules, the 4‐hydroxytryptamines and the 6‐ and 7‐oxygenated β‐carbolines.
SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors with thin alpha -Si emitters (1993)

A SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistor with an extremely thin n hydrogenated amorphous Si ( alpha -Si:H) emitter is proposed and characterized. The structure results in enhanced emitter injection efficiency, current gain, and frequency performance. The fabricated devices exhibited maximum current gains of 100 and Early voltages of 55 V. The unity current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) for a device with an emitter size of 2 mu m*4 mu m was 8.5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hollow porous poly(lactic acid) microspheres (2007)

Abstract On the basis of the water solubility of poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone), hollow porous poly(lactic acid) microspheres (HPPLAs) were prepared by a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water multiple‐emulsion solvent evaporation method. The influence of the concentration of the stabilizer Span80 in the oil phase on the morphology was investigated. It was found that when the content of Span80 solutions was 3.5 wt %, most HPPLAs were about 2 μm in diameter. Field scanning electron microscopy results show that the HPPLAs were porous and hollow. The structure and crystal form of the HPPLAs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Using these HPPLAs as degradable templates, we successfully synthesized Litchi‐like polystyrene (PS) microspheres about 2 μm in diameter by the emulsion method. When used as drug carriers, these HPPLAs would be convenient in which to embed drugs, whereas the Litchi‐like PS microspheres may have potential as new materials for polymer modification. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Gas Adsorption in Cu<sub>3</sub>(BTC)<sub>2</sub>:  An Effective Activation Procedure (2007)

We have improved the activation process for CuBTC [Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate] by extracting the N,N-dimethylformamide-solvated crystals with methanol; we identify material activated in this way as CuBTC−MeOH. This improvement allowed the activation to be performed at a much lower temperature, thus greatly mitigating the danger of reducing the copper ions. A review of the literature for H2 adsorption in CuBTC shows that the preparation and activation process has a significant impact on the adsorption capacity, surface area, and pore volume. CuBTC−MeOH exhibits a larger pore volume and H2 adsorption amount than any previously reported results for CuBTC. We have performed atomically detailed modeling to complement experimentally measured isotherms. Quantum effects for hydrogen adsorption in CuBTC were found to be important at 77 K. Simulations that include quantum effects are in good agreement with the experimentally measured capacity for H2 at 77 K and high pressure. However, simulations underpredict the amount adsorbed at low pressures. We have compared the adsorption isotherms from simulations with experiments for H2 adsorption at 77, 87, 175, and 298 K; nitrogen adsorption at 253 and 298 K; and argon adsorption at 298 and 356 K. Reasonable agreement was obtained in all cases.
Hierarchical scheduling windows (2002)

Large scheduling windows are an effective mechanism for increasing microprocessor performance through the extraction of instruction level parallelism. Current techniques do not scale effectively for very large windows, leading to slow wakeup and select logic as well as large complicated bypass networks. This paper introduces a new instruction scheduler implementation, referred to as Hierarchical Scheduling Windows or HSW, which exploits latency tolerant instructions in order to reduce implementation complexity. HSW yields a very large instruction window that tolerates wakeup, select, and bypass latency, while extracting significant far flung ILP. Results: It is shown that HSW loses <0.5% performance per additional cycle of bypass/select/wakeup latency as compared to a monolithic window that loses /spl sim/5% per additional cycle. Also, HSW achieves the performance of traditional implementations with only 1/3 to 1/2 the number of entries in the critical timing path.
Lipophilization of β‐lactoglobulin: Effect on allergenicity and digestibility (1990)

ABSTRACT β‐Lactoglobulin was chemically modified by covalent attachment of different levels of stearic acid and the effect on allergenicity and digestibility of the protein was evaluated. A decreased in vitro digestibility was observed with extent of lipophilization (stearic acid incorporation). Increased ability to elicit immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, determined by heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, was observed at low lipophilization (attachment of fatty acid). Medium level of lipophilization decreased this ability and at high lipophilization the ability to elicit IgE antibodies and was almost destroyed. Low and medium lipophilization increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding ability as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. High lipophilization decreased the IgG binding ability.
A novel <i>Bacillus natto</i> plasmid pLS32 capable of replication in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1998)

Plasmid pLS32 is a relatively large (approximately 70 kbp), cryptic, low copy-number plasmid present in Bacillus natto. We isolated and analyzed the replication region of the plasmid in B. subtilis, and the following results were obtained: the replication region contained an open reading frame encoding a 287-amino acid protein (RepN), whose amino acid sequence was partially homologous with those of the Rep proteins encoded on plasmids pAD1 and pLJ1 isolated from Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus helveticus, respectively; the replication origin (oriN) was located in the repN-coding region; the copy number of a pLS32 derivative, pBET131, was 2 to 3 per chromosome; replication of pBET131 required poll. These features show that pLS32 is a novel plasmid capable of replication in B. subtilis.