gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetone sensor based on Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (2010)

This paper described acetone sensing using ZnO based Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR). The resonant frequency of the FBAR increased as the concentration of acetone increased. The detection limit of acetone was around 4 ppm. The density decrease of the ZnO induced by releasing carbon dioxide generated from the reaction between acetone and the adsorbed oxygen ions on the ZnO surface was assumed to be responsible for the frequency upshift. Upon exposure to ethanol (a major environmental crosstalk for traditional acetone sensors), an opposite response (decrease of resonant frequency) was observed. Water was generated and absorbed on the ZnO surface during the ethanol sensing process. Thus, the density of the ZnO film increased, resulting in a frequency drop. FBAR sensor possessed the unique ability to distinguish acetone from ethanol due to their different reaction behaviors.
Threshold reduction in quantum cascade lasers with partially undoped, dual-wavelength interdigitated cascades (2002)

A dual-wavelength quantum cascade (QC) laser with an interdigitated cascade is presented. Aside from providing two-wavelength operation at 8.0 and 9.5μm wavelength, this laser design was used to test the role of extrinsic carriers in the injectors. An interdigitated cascade was grown with undoped injectors bridging 9.5 and 8.0 μm active regions, but doped injectors bridging 8.0 and 9.5 μm active regions. Clear laser action on both wavelengths demonstrates that doping of all injector regions is not a firm requirement for QC lasers. Comparison with a conventionally doped interdigitated cascade QC laser shows a threshold reduction by a factor of approximately 2 for the laser based on the active regions preceded by the undoped injector. This can be understood from the absence or strong reduction of impurity scattering related to the dopant ions.
Optimal Cloud Network Control with Strict Latency Constraints (2022)

The timely delivery of resource-intensive and latency-sensitive services (e.g., industrial automation, augmented reality) over distributed computing networks (e.g., mobile edge computing) is drawing increasing attention. Motivated by the insufficiency of average delay performance guarantees provided by existing studies, we focus on the critical goal of delivering next generation real-time services ahead of corresponding deadlines on a per-packet basis, while minimizing overall cloud network resource cost. We introduce a novel queuing system that is able to track data packets' lifetime and formalize the optimal cloud network control problem with strict deadline constraints. After illustrating the main challenges in delivering packets to their destinations before getting dropped due to lifetime expiry, we construct an equivalent formulation, where relaxed flow conservation allows leveraging Lyapunov optimization to derive a provably near-optimal fully distributed algorithm for the original problem. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis and show the superior performance of the proposed control policy compared with state-of-the-art cloud network control.
Development of a Subcutaneous Fixed‐Dose Combination of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab: Results From the Phase Ib Dose‐Finding Study (2018)

Adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab (both monoclonal antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) has proven survival benefits when combined with chemotherapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab together in 1 vial for subcutaneous (SC) administration is being developed as a ready-to-use formulation to reduce the treatment burden on patients while improving healthcare efficiency. An open-label, 2-part, phase Ib dose-finding study (NCT02738970) was undertaken in healthy male volunteers (part 1) and female patients with HER2-postive early breast cancer who had completed standard (neo)adjuvant treatment (part 2). This study aimed to identify an SC pertuzumab dose given with recombinant human hyaluronidase that results in comparable exposure to that of the intravenous (IV) pertuzumab dose, based on pertuzumab serum trough concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve. Pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of a single dose of SC pertuzumab given alone or in a fixed-dose combination (comixed or coformulated) with trastuzumab were also assessed. A maintenance dose of 600 mg for SC pertuzumab resulted in an equivalent exposure to that of IV pertuzumab, and no new safety signals were identified for SC pertuzumab or trastuzumab. A loading dose of 1200 mg for SC pertuzumab was selected based on approximate dose proportionality. The PK and safety results support further development of a fixed-dose coformulation combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab for SC administration, which will be investigated in an upcoming phase III trial in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer.
Toward Understanding the Molecular Pathology of Huntington's Disease (1997)

Huntington's Disease (HD) is caused by expansion of a CAG trinucleotide beyond 35 repeats within the coding region of a novel gene. Recently, new insights into the relationship between CAG expansion in the HD gene and pathological mechanisms have emerged. Survival analysis of a large cohort of affected and at-risk individuals with CAG sizes between 39 and 50 repeats have yielded probability curves of developing HD symptoms and dying of HD by a certain age. Animals transgenic for the first exon of huntingtin with large CAG repeats lengths have been reported to have a complex neurological phenotype that bears interesting similarities and differences to HD. The repertoire of huntingtin-interacting proteins continues to expand with the identification of HIP1, a protein whose yeast homologues have known functions in regulating events associated with the cytoskeleton. The ability of huntingtin to interact with two of its four known protein partners appears to be influenced by CAG length. Caspase 3 (apopain), a key cysteine protease known to play a seminal role in neural apoptosis, has also been demonstrated to specifically cleave huntingtin in a CAG length-dependent manner. Many of these features are combined in a model suggesting mechanisms by which the pathogenesis of HD may be initiated. The development of appropriate in vitro and animal models for HD will allow the validity of these models to be tested.
8×8 array of cascadable optical thyristor devices for free-space parallel optical interconnects (2002)

We conceived a novel layer structure for optical thyristors, which greatly enhances the input-light sensitivity of such devices, We present measurements showing that a differential pair of our thyristors is, to our knowledge, the fastest and most sensitive cascadable emitter/receiver device existing today, capable of detecting optical pulses, emitted from a similar device, of 0.14 femtoJoulespl mu/m/sup 2/ at a clock rate of 12 MHz. These thyristor pairs can, moreover, be integrated into compact 2-dimensional arrays. We demonstrate a fully functional monolithic array of 8/spl times/8 pairs. This work is a commendable step towards low-power, fast and parallel optical interconnects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Prestressed Concrete Using Fe&ndash;Mn&ndash;Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys Containing NbC (2006)

This article reports the mechanical properties of concrete prestressed by the Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys containing NbC that exhibit an excellent shape memory effect without the so-called ‘training’ treatment. A thermomechanically treated Fe–28Mn–6Si–5Cr–0.53Nb–0.06C (mass%) alloy was used for this purpose. Four square bars of the alloy were embedded in mortar, and heated above their reverse martensitic transformation start temperature after hardening of the mortar matrix. Three-point bending tests were performed for the mechanical property characterization. It was found that prestressing by the shape memory alloys increased the bending strength and cracking stress of the mortar.
Capacity Self-controllable Rotary Type Compressors for Automotive Air-conditioners : 1st Report, Basic Design Theory (1986)

The disadvantage of rotary type compressors for automotive air-conditioners is that the refrigerating capacity increases linearly in proportion to the increase linearly in proportion to the increase in engine speed, and so in the present research, attention was focussed upon the phenomenon of the refrigerating flow in the suction stroke, and the conditions for construction of capacity self-controllable type compressors by selecting suitable parameters were established, In this report, the basic equations which represent all stages of the vane's position in suction passage during the suction stroke have been introduced. By theoretical analysis of the equations, it was found that the capacity self-control characteristics by choosing the area of the suction port and suction groove could be calculated. These results were confirmed by the experiments.
Hole mobility enhancement in strained-Si/strained-SiGe heterostructure p-MOSFETs fabricated on SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) (2004)

Dual-channel heterostructures, with a tensile strained-Si layer (for electron channel) and a compressively strained-Si0.4Ge0.6 layer (for hole channel) on relaxed-Si0.7Ge0.3-on-insulator (SGOI) substrates were fabricated by bond, etch-back and epitaxial regrowth. Partially depleted p-MOSFETs were made on this strained-Si/strained-SiGe SGOI heterostructure. The hole mobility shows an enhancement of about 1.8 times at 0.2 MV cm−1, equivalent to that obtained on co-processed strained-Si/strained-SiGe p-MOSFETs fabricated on bulk relaxed Si0.7Ge0.3 virtual substrates. The limited thermal budget issue for this heterostructure is also discussed.
Performance of a new cationic bleach activator on a hydrogen peroxide bleaching system (2004)

The performance of a cationic bleach activator, N ‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]caprolactam chloride, was evaluated in a hot peroxide bleaching process. The effect of time, temperature and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and activator on the bleaching of cotton fabric was investigated using a central composite experimental design. Temperature was found to be the most significant parameter. By adding the cationic activator it was possible to achieve a level of whiteness comparable to a typical commercial bleaching system but under relatively mild conditions of time and temperature. As a consequence, chemical damage to the fabric could be reduced. The effect of the cationic bleach activator was compared to that of an anionic activator, nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate. The cationic activator was superior to the anionic activator in bleaching the fabric under the optimised conditions used in the study. Received: 13 January 2004, Accepted: 10 March 2004
Effects of calcium‐modified titanium implant surfaces on platelet activation, clot formation, and osseointegration (2014)

The clinical success of load bearing dental and orthopedic implants relies on adequate osseointegration. Because of its favorable properties, titanium is generally considered as the material of choice. Following implant placement, titanium surfaces establish an ionic equilibrium with the surrounding tissues in which calcium plays major roles. Calcium is a cofactor of the coagulation cascade that mediates plasma protein adsorption and intervenes in a number of other intra and extracellular processes relevant for bone regeneration. In this study, titanium surfaces were modified with calcium ions (Ca(2+) surfaces) and their responses to in vitro and in vivo models were analyzed. Unlike unmodified surfaces, Ca(2+) surfaces were superhydrophilic and induced surface clot formation, platelet adsorption and activation when exposed to blood plasma. Interestingly, in vivo osseointegration using a peri-implant gap model in rabbit demonstrated that Ca(2+) surfaces significantly improved peri-implant bone volume and density at 2 weeks and bone implant contact at 8 weeks as compared to the unmodified controls. The combination of Ca(2+) surfaces with plasma rich in growth factors produced significantly more bone contact already at 2 weeks of implantation. These findings suggest the importance of the provisional matrix formation on tissue integration and highlight the clinical potential of Ca(2+) titanium surfaces as efficient stimulators of implant osseointegration.
Validation of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase-4D7 for its Independent Contribution to Risk Stratification in a Prostate Cancer Patient Cohort with Longitudinal Biological Outcomes (2017)

In this report, we studied the potential of a novel biomarker to predict outcomes of a cohort of prostate cancer patients who underwent surgery more than 10 yr ago. We found that a gene called phosphodiesterase-4D7 added extra information to the available clinical data. We conclude that the measurement of this gene in tumor tissue may contribute to more effective treatment decisions.
High efficiency silicon visible light emitter using silicon nanocrystals in silicon nitride matrix and transparent doping layer (2005)

Semiconductor electronics is strongly dominated by silicon technology. However silicon technology does not allow easy integration with optical component since silicon is a poor light emitter. The unique properties of Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) can be exploited to fabricate Si-based light source. We will introduce a quantum confinement effect in the nc-Si embedded in a silicon nitride formed by PECVD. The band gap of the nc-Si could be controlled from 1.38 to 3.02 eV by decreasing the nanocrystal size. In addition, we will demonstrate a silicon light emitter with a transparent doping layer on nc-Si embedded in silicon nitride active layer by using ITO and n-type wide bandgap semiconducting layer. This light emitter has high external quantum efficiency of 1.6%, which is the highest value ever reported in Si-based visible light emitters.
Side Chain Polymalonate Liquid Crystals for Nonlinear Optics (1988)

Abstract Three series of malonate side chain liquid crystalline polymers designed for use in nonlinear optics have been synthesized and their thermal behavior examined. All nine polymers are enantiotropic mesogens. Thermal annealing in the mesophase can increase the mesophase-isotropic temperature presumably by continued polymerization during annealing. The pyridine compounds, compared to the analogous benzene compounds, have greater mesomorphic thermal stability and show a greater tendency for smectic phases.
Massively Parallel Nanoparticle Synthesis in Anisotropic Nanoreactors (2019)

This work reports a massively parallel approach for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Se, and mixed oxides of Cu, Co, Ni, Ge, and Ta) based upon lithographically generated arrays of square pyramidal nanoholes, which serve as nanoreactors. Particle precursor-containing polymers are spin-coated onto the nanoreactors, which upon dewetting generate a morphology of isolated polymer droplets in each nanoreactor. This dewetting process yields a well-defined and precisely controlled volume of polymer and therefore particle precursor in each nanoreactor. Subsequent stepwise annealing (first at 150 °C and then at 500 °C) yields arrays of monodisperse, site-isolated particles with sub-5 nm position control. By varying the precursor loading of the polymer, particle size can be systematically controlled in the 7-30 nm range. This work not only introduces the concept of merging block copolymer inks with nanohole arrays in the synthesis of nanoparticles but also underscores the value of the nanoreactor shape in controlling resulting particle position.
Surface and Corrosion Study of Laser-Processed Zirconium Alloys (1991)

Reactor Grade Zirconium (Zircaloy-2) was laser-glazed and laser-alloyed with nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) powders. Laser alloying produced a surface that was macroscopically, chemically homogeneous. However, at the microscopic level the melt zone was a mixture of microcrystalline pure zirconium (Zr) and extremely fine grain, or possibly amorphous, solid solution regions of Zr and alloying elements. Corrosion tests (potentiodynamic and long-term immersion) were conducted in 10% FeCl3 solution. The potentiodynamic tests showed icorr and Ecorr were a strong function of surface conditioning, altered by grit-blasting, laser processing, acid cleaning, and heat treating. Significant improvement was achieved in corrosion resistance by laser-glazing and laser-alloying.
Identification and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Men Who have Undergone Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized, High Risk Prostate Cancer (2019)

We noted a high incidence of circulating tumor cell detection after radical prostatectomy and shorter time to biochemical recurrence in men with a higher circulating tumor cell burden and more circulating tumor cell copy number aberrations. Genomic alterations consistent with established copy number aberrations in prostate cancer were detectable in circulating tumor cells but often discordant with cells analyzed in bulk from primary lesions. With further testing in appropriately powered cohorts early circulating tumor cell detection could be an informative biomarker to assist with adjuvant treatment decisions.
Cardiac Ablation Catheter Guidance by Means of a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole Inverse Algorithm (2013)

Background We developed and evaluated a novel system for guiding radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy of ventricular tachycardia. This guidance system employs an inverse solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) using a single equivalent moving dipole (SEMD) localization method. The method and system were evaluated in both a saline tank phantom model and in vivo animal (swine) experiments. Methods A catheter with two platinum electrodes spaced 3 mm apart was used as the dipole source in the phantom study. A 40-Hz sinusoidal signal was applied to the electrode pair. In the animal study, four to eight electrodes were sutured onto the right ventricle. These electrodes were connected to a stimulus generator delivering 1-ms duration pacing pulses. Signals were recorded from 64 electrodes, located either on the inner surface of the saline tank or on the body surface of the pig, and then processed by the ISGA to localize the physical or bioelectrical SEMD. Results In the phantom studies, the guidance algorithm was used to advance a catheter tip to the location of the source dipole. The distance from the final position of the catheter tip to the position of the target dipole was 2.22 ± 0.78 mm in real space and 1.38 ± 0.78 mm in image space (computational space). The ISGA successfully tracked the locations of electrodes sutured on the ventricular myocardium and the movement of an endocardial catheter placed in the animal's right ventricle. Conclusion In conclusion, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using an SEMD inverse algorithm to guide a cardiac ablation catheter.
An ultra-compact Marx HV generator (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper discusses the development and testing of an ultracompact, Marx-type, high-voltage generator. This system incorporates high-performance components that are integrated into an extremely compact assembly. Custom, low-profile, annular ceramic capacitors with coplanar extended electrodes provide primary energy storage, and are operated at 60 kV/cm stress levels. Low-inductance, spark gap switches are used for single shot or repetitive operation up to 50 Hz. They incorporate miniature gas cavities imbedded in the central region of the annular capacitors with field stresses along the gas-dielectric interface as high as 130 kV/cm, and thin body sections separating the energy storage capacitors operated at 500 kV/cm. Optimally shaped electrodes and insulator surfaces are used throughout, both to reduce electric field stresses in the triple-point regions, and to spread the fields more evenly throughout the dielectric materials, allowing them to operate closer to their intrinsic breakdown levels. Forward-coupling ceramic capacitors are attached across successive switch-capacitor-switch stages to assist in switching. Specially shaped resistors and inductors are used for charging and isolation during operation. These coupling and charging components withstand 200-kV impulses over their nominal 3-cm length. Pressurized SF/sub 6/ gas is used for electrical insulation in the spark-gap switches and throughout the unit. The pressure housing is constructed entirely of dielectric materials and is made up of segments that interlock with the low-profile switch bodies to provide an integrated support structure for all of the components, permitting operation in any orientation. This ultra-compact Marx generator employs a modular design that can be sized as needed for a particular application. Units have been assembled with 4, 10, and 30 stages and operated at levels up to 100 kV per stage.
n-type thermoelectric material Mg <sub>2</sub> Sn <sub>0.75</sub> Ge <sub>0.25</sub> for high power generation (2015)

Significance Thermoelectric materials have been extensively studied for applications in conversion of waste heat into electricity. The efficiency is related to the figure-of-merit, ZT = ( S 2 σ / κ ) T , where S , σ , and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, respectively. Pursuing higher ZT for higher efficiency has been the focus by mainly reducing the thermal conductivity. In this paper, we point out, for a given ZT , higher power factor ( S 2 σ ) should be pursued for achieving more power because power is determined by ( T h − T c ) 2 ( S 2 σ )/ L , where T h , T c , and L are the hot and cold side temperatures, and leg length, respectively. We found a new material, Mg 2 Sn 0.75 Ge 0.25 , having both high ZT and high power factor.
1-Methyl-2-(anthryl)-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline: A Highly Efficient Electron-Transport Compound and a Bright Blue-Light Emitter for Electroluminescent Devices (2005)

A new organic blue-light emitter 1-methyl-2-(anthryl)-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline (1) has been synthesized and fully characterized. The utility of compound 1 as a blue-light emitter in electroluminescent (EL) devices has been evaluated by fabricating a series of EL devices A where compound 1 functions as an emitter. The EL spectrum of device series A has the emission maximum at 481 nm with the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) color coordinates 0.198 and 0.284. The maximum luminance of devices in series A is 4000 cd m–2 and the best external quantum efficiency of device series A is 1.82 %. The utility of compound 1 as an electron injection–electron transport material has been evaluated by constructing a set of EL devices B where 1 is used as either the electron-injection layer or the electron injection–electron transport layer. The performance of device series B is compared to the standard device in which Alq3 (tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) is used as the electron injection–electron transport layer. The experimental results show that the performance of 1 as an electron injection–electron transport material is considerably better than Alq3. The stability of device series B is comparable to that of the standard Alq3 device. The excellent performance of 1 as an electron injection/transport material may be attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions of 1 in the solid state as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, compound 1 is a colorless material with a much larger highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular (HOMO–LUMO) gap than Alq3, which renders it potentially useful for a wide range of applications in EL devices.