gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetics and Fish Breeding (1992)

Preface. The scope of applied fish genetics. Introduction. Fish cultivation. Ornamental fish breeding. Fishing. Habitat destruction. Sexuality and reproduction. Gonochorism. Primary sexual characteristics. Secondary sexual characteristics. Modes of reproduction. Egg production. Production of spermatozoa. Fertilization. Cryopreservation. Mendelian inheritance: I. Colour. The beginning. Simple gene effects. Complex effects of alleles. Interaction of genes. Summary of colour genetics. Mendelian inheritance: II. Characters other than colour. Introduction. Scale patterns of carp. Scale patterns in sticklebacks. Body shape. Fin shape. Electrophoretic variations. Miscellaneous characteristics. Quantitative genetics: I. Metrical characteristics. Introduction. Polygenic inheritance. Heritability. Growth rate. Stocks and strains. Spawning time. Food conversion efficiency. Disease resistance. Selective improvement in fancy fish. Quantitative genetics: II. Population studies. Introduction. Blood groups. Electrophoresis of soluble proteins. Inferences from population data. Molecular studies. Inbreeding. Application of electrophoresis. Summary. Chromosomes of fish. Introduction. Methods in cytology. Chromosome numbers and gross morphology. Linkage and chromosome mapping. Sex determination. Introduction. Sex ratio. Sex linkage. Sex chromosome maps. Sex reversal and sex determination. Hybridization and sex determination. Gynogenesis and sex determination. Cytology of sex chromosomes. An oddity, the H-Y antigen. Hybridization. Introduction. Hybridization in nature. Artificial hybridization. Summary of applied use of hybrids. Hybridization and introgression. Atypical modes of sexuality. Introduction. Normal hermaphroditism. Abnormal hermaphroditism. Female-only species. Control of sex ratio. Introduction. Methods of sex ratio control. Commercial application. Chromosome engineering. Introduction. Meiotic diploid gynogenesis. Mitotic diploid gynogenesis. Androgenesis. Induced triploidy. Induced tetraploidy. Gene manipulation. Introduction. Choosing the gene. Inserting the gene. Asssessing the success of gene transfer. Expression of the transferred genes. Future developments in molecular genetics. Featured fish: I. Ornamental species. Introduction. The goldfish. Koi - ornamental common carp. The toothcarps. Other species. Featured fish: II. Cultivated species. Introduction. Common carp. Salmon and trouts. Tilapias. Author index. Species index. Subject index.
A Survey of Group Key Distribution Schemes With Self-Healing Property (2012)

Secure key distribution schemes for group communications allow to establish a secure multicast communication between a group manager and group members through an unreliable broadcast channel. The article classifies, analyzes and compares the most significant key distribution schemes, by looking at the selective key distribution algorithms, at the predistributed secret data management, and at the self-healing mechanisms. It reviews polynomial-based algorithms, exponential arithmetic based algorithms, hash-based techniques, and others. Attention is paid to the self-healing property, which permits group members to recover missing session keys from the recent key distribution broadcast message, without any additional interaction with the group manager.
Modulation of the activity of the classical complement pathway C3 convertase by surface-bound C3 or C5. (1980)

Abstract Interactions between the third (C3) and fifth (C5) components of complement (C) and the classical C pathway C3 convertase (C42oxy) were evaluated for possible mechanisms that would modulate the cleavage of C3. Surface-bound C3 inhibited by up to 40% the cleavage of C3 by cell-bound convertase (EAC42oxy); inhibition was dependent on the amount of C3 used to generate the EAC42oxy3 cells. The effect of the cell-bound C3 was not reversed by adding unsensitized E to provide additional sites for product deposition. C5 reduced the rate of C3 cleavage mediated by either the cell-bound or fluid phase convertase. Inhibition increased in a concentration-dependent fashion with increasing C5. A 20-fold excess of functional C5 over functional C3 inhibited C3 cleavage by 93%. The C5 inhibition of the cell-bound convertase appeared to be dependent on the presence of cell-bound C3. C5 was actively bound to EAC42oxy3, but not to EAC42oxy. The capacity of C5 to inhibit cleavage of C3 in serum was tested by addition of cell-bound C3 convertase to C7-deficient serum. When purified C5 was added to the serum such that the functional C5 to C3 ratio was increased 3-fold, C3 cleavage was inhibited by 90%. In contrast, at C5/C3 ratios found in normal serum, C5 did not inhibit C3 cleavage. These findings may be relevant to the control of C activation in vivo, especially at a localized site of inflammation, where the C5/C3 ratio may be altered during C activation.
Planar Micro-Optic Solar Concentration (2010)

Solar radiation can be converted directly into electricity with materials exhibiting a photovoltaic response. Most photovoltaic arrays use crystalline silicon cells assembled in large modules which convert &lt;20% of incident light into electricity. More recently, multijunction solar cells, comprised of multiple semiconducting layers, have exceeded 41% conversion. The drawback to these devices is the high cost associated with materials and fabrication, making them impractical as rigid panels. The field of concentrator photovoltaics pairs these costly devices with inexpensive collection optics which reduce the amount of active cell area. Most commercial systems rely upon simple lenses or mirrors focusing through secondary optics, yet these approaches lead to hundreds of individual components which must be assembled, aligned and interconnected. In this dissertation, I present an alternative concentration approach which replaces discrete optics with a segmented lens array and common slab waveguide. Sunlight collected by each small lens aperture focuses onto mirrors placed on the waveguide surface which reflect rays at angles that guide by total internal reflection. This configuration directs light from thousands of arrayed lenses into the same waveguide which connects to a single photovoltaic cell. We refer to this approach as planar micro-optic concentration because the waveguide remains uniform in cross-section and is compatible with large-scale microfabrication techniques such as roll-to-roll processing. In the following chapters, I discuss the concept and tradeoffs associated with waveguide coupling and propagation. I present optimized systems which demonstrated &gt;80% optical efficiency at 300x geometric concentration. In addition, I develop a self-aligned fabrication process to assemble several small-scale prototypes using commercially-available components. These systems were experimentally measured at 52.3% optical efficiency. Lastly, I show how the waveguide geometry can be exploited to increase performance and add functionality within concentrator photovoltaic systems
Real Time Eye Gaze Estimation (2017)

In this paper we used a set of searching techniques that allow to gain information about eye movement, its location and point of view in real time. The algorithm determines the point on the monitor at which the user is looking at. To obtain such data it is necessary to determine the relative position of the eye and the head. The first step is the initialization during which a head model is created. After initialization, the tracking phase is started using an Active Appearance Models (AAM) and Pose from Orthography and Scaling with ITerations (POSIT) algorithm for head position estimation. The purpose of eye gaze estimation or eye tracking can be used for testing the effectiveness of the text, game, or advertising message. The aim of this work is to develop and implement a system for real time eye gaze estimation using PC's webcam only without any additional hardware.
Synthesis of Some Thienopyrimidine Derivatives (2006)

Thioxothienopyrimidinones, alkylthio- and arylalkylthiothienopyrimidinones, thienopyrimidinones, thienopyrimidines a thienopyrimidinedione and a thienotriazolo-pyrimidinone were prepared from 2-amino-3-carboethoxy-4,5-disubstituted thiophenes and 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5-disubstituted thiophenes via reactions with different reagents.
Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in AtT20 cells transfected with rat brain cannabinoid receptor (1995)

Rat brain cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) was stably transfected into the murine tumor line AtT-20 to study its coupling to inwardly rectifying potassium currents (Kir) and high voltage-activated calcium currents (ICa). In cells expressing CB-1 ("A-2" cells), cannabinoid agonist potently and stereospecifically activated Kir via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. ICa in A-2 cells was sensitive to dihydropyridines and omega CTX MVIIC, less so to omega CgTX GVIA and insensitive to omega Aga IVa. In CB-1 expressing cells, cannabinoid agonist inhibited only the omega CTX MVIIC-sensitive component of ICa. Inhibition of Q-type ICa was voltage dependent and PTX sensitive, thus similar in character to the well-studied modulation of N-type ICa. An endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, activated Kir and inhibited ICa as efficaciously as potent cannabinoid agonist. Immunocytochemical studies with antibodies specific for class A, B, C, D, and E voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha 1 subunits revealed that AtT-20 cells express each of these major classes of alpha 1 subunit.
Guest Editorial: Content-Aware Visual Systems: Analysis, Streaming, and Retargeting (2014)

The 13 papers in this special issue can be classified into five broad thematic categories: representation, streaming, retargeting, 3-D video, and system.
An Experimental Study on Temperature in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting of Cellulosic Biomass (2010)

As one of the near-to-mid-term alternatives to fossil fuels, cellulosic biofuels can cut greenhouse gas emissions while continuing to meet liquid transportation fuel needs. By processing cellulosic biomass into pellets, density and handling efficiency of cellulosic feedstocks will be improved, resulting in a reduction in transportation and handling costs in biofuel manufacturing. Temperature of biomass during the pelleting process can affect the quality of the pellet. But effects of pelleting variables on biomass temperature during ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting are still unknown. This paper reports an experimental investigation on temperature of biomass in UV-A pelleting. It studies the effects of moisture content of the biomass and pelleting variables (ultrasonic power, tool travel distance, and feedrate). The results will be helpful in understanding the effects of ultrasonic vibration on biomass temperature, compaction mechanism, and biofuel conversion.
The use of multiple displacement amplification to amplify complex DNA libraries (2008)

Complex libraries for genomic DNA and cDNA sequencing analyses are typically amplified using bacterial propagation. To reduce biases, large numbers of colonies are plated and scraped from solid-surface agar. This process is time consuming, tedious and limits scaling up. At the same time, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) has been recently developed as a method for in vitro amplification of DNA. However, MDA has no selection function for the removal of ligation multimers. We developed a novel method of briefly introducing ligation reactions into bacteria to select single insert DNA clones followed by MDA to amplify. We applied these methods to a Gene Identification Signatures with Paired-End diTags (GIS-PET) library, which is a complex transcriptome library created by pairing short tags from the 5' and 3' ends of cDNA fragments together, and demonstrated that this selection and amplification strategy is unbiased and efficient.
In situ synthesis and crystal growth of copper(I) carbonyl trifluoroacetate: a dinuclear [Cu<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CCF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub>] core structure confirmed (2009)

Abstract The solid state structure of the long known but inadequately characterized compound, namely the mixed ligand copper(I) carbonyl trifluoroacetate, [Cu 2 (O 2 CCF 3 ) 2 (CO) 2 ] ( 1 ), has been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Instead of the previously assigned tetranuclear core structure, its main building block is now confirmed to be a dinuclear copper(I) unit that is cis -bridged by two trifluoroacetate ligands. The Cu · · · Cu separation within the unit is 3.1382(6) Å. Additionally, each copper center has one terminally bound carbonyl with a Cu–C distance of 1.806(3) Å. In the solid state, 1 displays a 1D chain structure comprised of the [Cu 2 ( μ 2 -O 2 CCF 3 ) 2 (CO) 2 ] units held by axial Cu · · · O interactions at 2.2181(13) Å.
Intracellular maturation and localization of the tumour necrosis factor α convertase (TACE) (2000)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha convertase (TACE) is a metalloprotease/disintegrin involved in the ectodomain shedding of several proteins, a process thought to be important in inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and murine development. The characterization of the intracellular maturation and subcellular localization of endogenous TACE is decribed in the present study. Similarly to other proteolytically active metalloprotease/disintegrins, two forms of TACE are found in cells; a full-length precursor and a mature form lacking the prodomain. Prodomain removal occurs in a late Golgi compartment, consistent with the proposed role of a furin type proprotein convertase in this process. An additional form of TACE, lacking the pro and cytoplasmic domains, is detected when cell lysates are prepared in the presence of EDTA instead of a hydroxamate-based metalloprotease inhibitor or 1,10-phenanthroline. This form appears to be generated by mature TACE cleaving its own cytoplasmic tail and may explain why little mature TACE has been detected in previous studies. In cell-surface labelling experiments, mature TACE was detected on the cell surface but immunofluorescence data indicate that TACE is predominantly localized to a perinuclear compartment similar to that described for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha. This raises the possibility that TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding may occur in an intracellular compartment in addition to the cell surface.
Cytidine 5‘-Monophosphate (CMP)-Induced Structural Changes in a Multifunctional Sialyltransferase from <i>Pasteurella multocida</i><sup>,</sup> (2006)

Sialyltransferases catalyze reactions that transfer a sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to an acceptor (a structure terminated with galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or sialic acid). They are key enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates that play pivotal roles in many critical physiological and pathological processes. The structures of a truncated multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase (Delta24PmST1), in the absence and presence of CMP, have been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.65 and 2.0 A resolutions, respectively. The Delta24PmST1 exists as a monomer in solution and in crystals. Different from the reported crystal structure of a bifunctional sialyltransferase CstII that has only one Rossmann domain, the overall structure of the Delta24PmST1 consists of two separate Rossmann nucleotide-binding domains. The Delta24PmST1 structure, thus, represents the first sialyltransferase structure that belongs to the glycosyltransferase-B (GT-B) structural group. Unlike all other known GT-B structures, however, there is no C-terminal extension that interacts with the N-terminal domain in the Delta24PmST1 structure. The CMP binding site is located in the deep cleft between the two Rossmann domains. Nevertheless, the CMP only forms interactions with residues in the C-terminal domain. The binding of CMP to the protein causes a large closure movement of the N-terminal Rossmann domain toward the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain. Ser 143 of the N-terminal domain moves up to hydrogen-bond to Tyr 388 of the C-terminal domain. Both Ser 143 and Tyr 388 form hydrogen bonds to a water molecule, which in turn hydrogen-bonds to the terminal phosphate oxygen of CMP. These interactions may trigger the closure between the two domains. Additionally, a short helix near the active site seen in the apo structure becomes disordered upon binding to CMP. This helix may swing down upon binding to donor CMP-sialic acid to form the binding pocket for an acceptor.
Analysis of Nuclear Power Plants Involving Failure-Correlation of Subsystems Caused by Earthquake (2001)

Earthquakes are unavoidable natural hazards and difficult to predict.Their damaging potential must be considered for sensitive constructions including dams, mines, nuclear power plants (NPPs), underground depositories for radioactive wastes.All seismically induced failures could be with common causes.There are many causes that induce dependent failures among components and subsystems.In probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs) of NPPs, many different practical techniques have been developed to handle correlations among structures and components.Another important PSAs issue concerned in NPPs is the assessment of aging effects, which degrade the performance of components, systems and structures.This kind of degradation is time-dependent and comes from the interactions of many factors.The treatments of dependent failures and aging effects are two comprehensive issues involved in PSAs of NPPs.Many studies and programs developed on seismic fragility evaluations include dependent failures but where aging effects are not involved.Virtually, these two aspects need to be incorporated into seismic PSAs of NPPs.In the present paper, an approach treating dependent failures among components is developed.That is applied to seismic fragility evaluation of a subsystem, where the aging effects on capabilities of components and subsystems are taken into account.An example is given to illustrate the approach developed.
Rare Peer-to-Peer Resource Searching Strategy Based on Network Cover (2009)

Aiming at the problem that locating rare resource is time-consuming with low success rate in unstructured P2P networks,this paper proposes two strategies for rare resource searching:Random Search for Rare resource(RSR) and Flooding and Random Search for Rare resource(FRSR).Based on random walk,RSR modifies request-forward manner by taking the popularity of neighbor nodes into consideration on passing searching request.FRSR combines flooding search with random walk.Simulations show that compared with Random Walk,RSR can reduce response time and communication cost by 22.9% and 22.8%,and improves success rate by 26.2%.Compared with random request passing method,FRSR reduces the response time by 15.4% and improves success rate by 14.2%.
One‐Component Thioxanthone Acetic Acid Derivative Photoinitiator for Free Radical Polymerization (2013)

Acetic acid-based thioxanthone (TXCH2 COOH) was synthesized and characterized and used as a photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the absence and presence of a tertiary amine (MDEA) in different solvents. Different absorption properties were observed depending on the solvent. Fluorescence and phosphorescence experiments were also carried out successfully. The fluorescence quantum yield was found to be 0.09 and the phosphorescence lifetime was calculated as 138 ms at 77 K. The photoinitiator undergoes efficient intersystem crossing into the triplet state and the lowest triplet state possesses π-π* configuration. Laser flash photolysis experiments show that transient absorption of TXCH2 COOH is similar to the parent thioxanthone and the triplet lifetime was calculated as 2.3 μs at 630 nm.
Dacarbazine and interferon α with or without interleukin 2 in metastatic melanoma: a randomized phase III multicentre trial of the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG) (2001)

In several phase II-trials encouraging tumour responses rates in advanced metastatic melanoma (stage IV; AJCC-classification) have been reported for the application of biochemotherapy containing interleukin 2. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of therapy with dacarbazine (DTIC) and interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) only to that of therapy with DTIC and IFN-alpha with the addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in terms of the overall survival time and rate of objective remissions and to provide an elaborated toxicity profile for both types of therapy. 290 patients were randomized to receive either DTIC (850 mg/m(2)every 28 days) plus IFN-alpha2a/b (3 MIU/m(2), twice on day 1, once daily from days 2 to 5; 5 MIU/m(2)3 times a week from week 2 to 4) with or without IL-2 (4.5 MIU/m(2)for 3 hours i.v. on day 3; 9.0 MIU/m(2) i.v. day 3/4; 4.5 MIU/m(2) s.c. days 4 to 7). The treatment plan required at least 2 treatment cycles (8 weeks of therapy) for every patient. Of 290 randomized patients 281 were eligible for an intention-to-treat analysis. There was no difference in terms of survival time from treatment onset between the two arms (median 11.0 months each). In 273 patients treated according to protocol tumour response was assessable. The response rates did not differ between both arms (P = 0.87) with 18.0% objective responses (9.7% PR; 8.3% CR) for DTIC plus IFN-alpha as compared to 16.1% (8.8% PR; 7.3% CR) for DTIC, IFN-alpha and IL-2. Treatment cessation due to adverse reactions was significantly more common in patients receiving IL-2 (13.9%) than in patients receiving DTIC/IFN-alpha only (5.6%). In conclusion, there was neither a difference in survival time nor in tumour response rates when IL-2, applied according to the combined intravenous and subcutaneous schedule used for this study, was added to DTIC and IFN-alpha. However, toxicity was increased in melanoma patients treated with IL-2. Further phase III trials with continuous infusion and higher dosages must be performed before any final conclusions can be drawn on the potential usefulness of IL-2 in biochemotherapy of advanced melanoma.
Key Management and Recovery Scheme over SCADA System Using ID-based Cryptosystem (2012)

The SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to control some critical national infrastructures such as electricity, gas, and water distribution systems. Recently, there are many researches on key management scheme for secure communication due to change to the open network environment. We propose a new key management method which is established on ID-based cryptosystem using pairing on MTU(Master Terminal Unit), Sub-MTU, and RTU(Remote Terminal Unit). Furthermore, we present a redistribution protocol of private key of each device and a system recovery protocol as a countermeasure of exposure of KMS(Key Management System) master key which is occurred by some unexpected accidents or malicious attacks.