gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet InAlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (2003)

We report on ultraviolet InGaN, GaN and InAlGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser diodes grown on sapphire substrates. Pulsed threshold current densities near 5 kA/cm2 have been achieved for InGaN MQW laser diodes with emission wavelength between 368 nm and 378 nm and continuous-wave operation of ridge-waveguide devices with threshold currents of 85 mA and output power of more than 3 mW. We also demonstrate room-temperature pulsed operation of InAlGaN MQW laser diodes emitting at a wavelength of 359.9 nm. Light output powers greater than 80 mW under pulsed current-injection conditions (pulse duration 100 ns, repetition frequency 5 kHz) and differential quantum efficiencies of 4.2% have been achieved. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reliability of A Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler (2002)

A Pulse tube cryocooler of simple structure without moving part in the expander has the advantage over a stirling cryocooler of low vibration and long life. So its wide uses for space crafts and high-temperature superconductor devices are extended. Recently Fuji Electric has developed a pulse tube cryocooler with cooling capacity of 2.5W at 70K, based on the technology of the stirling cryocooler for the space crafts. The cryocooler consists of a compressor with two opposite pistons supported by flexure bearings and an in-line type pulse tube expander. This paper describes the structural features, typical performances and reliability of the new cryocooler.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Growth of GaN on Sapphire by HVPE (1999)

We study the influence of the reactor geometry and the control of the parasitic deposits on the growth of GaN by HVPE. Growth rates around 100 μm/h have been obtained with gas outlets close to the substrate and 16 μm/h with homogeneous vapour. The quality of the epitaxial layer deteriorates while the growth rate increases with decreasing distance between gas outlets and substrate, and the increase of the parasitic deposit. We predict by a model that in a homogeneous vapour and for a deposited mass on the quartz wall up to 0.86 g/h, the growth rate decreases drastically at high temperature down to etching. Adding HCl to the main nitrogen flow, the parasitic deposit decreases and the growth rate stays constant.
Beyond the Commons: Investigating the Value of Personalizing Web Search (2005)

Five new species and one new genus of the obscure spioniform family Uncispionidae are described together with three new species of the rare and unusual spionid genus Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983. All species are from offshore habitats with most from deep-sea continental slope depths. Among the Uncispionidae are the second and third species of the genus Uncopherusa Fauchald Hancock, 1981, collected from off Brunei in the South China Sea and off Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico; two new species of Uncispio Green, 1982, the third and fourth to be described, from deep water off the U.S. Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico; and a new species of a new genus, Rhamphispio n. gen., from off the U.S. Atlantic coast. All species of Uncispionidae are compared and a key to the known species is presented. The genus Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983, is currently known for only two species: P. dubia (Monro, 1930) from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters and P. occipitalis Blake, 1996, from shelf depths off southern California. In the present study, new collections of the type-species P. dubia from the Antarctic Peninsula include post-larvae and juveniles as well as adults, thus permitting documentation of the development of some key adult morphology. Three new species of Pygospiopsis are described from deep water off the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts and from the Antarctic Peninsula. A review of all species of Pygospiopsis suggests that, based on branchial distribution patterns, the closely related Pseudatherospio fauchaldi Lovell, 1994, should be referred to Pygospiopsis, bringing the total known species to six. All of these are compared and contrasted and the generic definition of Pygospiopsis updated. The status of Pygospiopsis within the Spionidae relative to the closely related genus Atherospio Mackie Duff, 1986, is discussed.
New developments in ultra-high brightness microstructured x-ray sources for applications in Talbot-Lau imaging and dual-energy microanalytical/microXRF (Conference Presentation) (2017)

The limitations to achievable x-ray brightness within the laboratory1 for x-ray spectra is a well-known problem for improving the throughput, sensitivity, and resolution of a wide variety of x-ray techniques. Specific examples of such challenges include: throughput in Talbot-Lau interferometry for medical applications, limits to sensitivity in micro x-ray fluorescence (microXRF), and resolution in x-ray microscopy. We will present our patented x-ray source technology and recent developments. The major innovations in our x-ray source are the x-ray anodes, which are comprised of arrays of microstructured metal x-ray emitters embedded within a diamond substrate. The diamond substrate enables highly localized large thermal gradients that passively and rapidly cool the metal microstructures as heat is generated under the bombardment of electrons. Electron power densities, 4X higher than conventional solid metal targets can be achieved on the target even greater for metals of lower thermal conductivity. The thermal advantages of the anode design enables the use of many elements that were previously unsuitable as x-ray source materials, and will enable access to new x-ray characteristic lines to optimize performance in monochromatic x-ray analysis. In addition, we will review practical benefits of our patented FAASTTM (fine array anode source technology) x-ray source over both conventional x-ray sources and newer schemes such as liquid metal anodes2. Advantages include the ability to produce a patterned microbeam optimized for Talbot-Lau interferometry (phase contrast imaging) and the ability to produce various characteristic lines through the incorporation of novel materials (e.g. Au, Pt, Cr) for dual energy capabilities.
Preparation of ZnO films for high frequency ultrasonic transducers. (1985)

The effect of the crystalline properties of gold film on those of ZnO film was investigated in detail for a ZnO/gold/fused quartz structure. The investigations were done using X-ray diffraction, a rocking curve method, and RHEED. It was found that the crystalline properties of rf-sputtered ZnO films were strongly dependent on those of gold films. Highly c-axis-oriented ZnO films can be fabricated on the gold films whose σ for (111) rocking curves is less than 3°. The standard deviation σ for ZnO (002) rocking curve is decreased as the ZnO film thickness is increased and is less than 1° for 10μm ZnO films.
A 12-bp deletion in the 5'-flanking region of the<i>SERPINH1</i>gene affects promoter activity and protects against preterm premature rupture of membranes in African Americans (2008)

We identified a novel 12-bp deletion NT_033927.7: g.5495364_5495375del in the 5'-flanking region of the SERPINH1 gene that increases promoter activity. The 12-bp deletion is in linkage disequilibrium with the minor "T" allele of the -656 C/T SNP (NT_033927.7(SERPINH1):g.5495402C>T) that reduces promoter activity in amnion fibroblast cells and is associated with a significantly increased risk of preterm birth as a result of premature rupture of membranes. In a case-control study, fetal carriage of the 12-bp deletion was found to protect against PPROM, apparently overcoming the influence of the SERPINH1 -656 "T" allele. These studies define a new haplotype in the SERPINH1 gene that modifies risk of an adverse obstetrical outcome.
New SO<sub>2</sub>resistant mesoporous La–Co–Zr mixed oxide catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation (2003)

A new approach for the synthesis of a new type of ternary mesoporous La–Co–Zr mixed oxides with various atomic (La + Co/La + Co + Zr) ratios is reported. The synthesis method combines the advantages of the preparation of the clear soluble homogeneous metal oxides containing a cationic surfactant in acidic medium followed by the precipitation of this mixture in basic medium and hydrothermal treatment. These solids have high surface area, uniform mesopore size with a worm-hole like pore structure, good thermal stability and high component dispersion. They exhibit unusually high catalytic activity and resistance to SO2 poisoning in the complete methane oxidation as compared to bulk LaCoO3 perovskites.
Design and evaluation of polymer-carbon nanotube composites for reliable, low resistance, static and dynamic thermal interface materials (2016)

The development of new thermal interface materials (TIMs) represents a key challenge in the increasingly demanding electronics cooling sector. This work explores the potential of novel polymer-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites for static and dynamic TIM applications. Several polymers are evaluated experimentally for use in concert with a vertically aligned CNT forest to achieve improvements over the state of the art in terms of mechanics, reliability and thermal resistance. The vertically aligned CNT forest is grown on a metal foil substrate, delivering a form factor that is highly amenable to pick and place application of the TIM at production scale. A variety of application or infiltration techniques are evaluated for combining the candidate polymers with the CNT forest in a robust, repeatable, and thermally conducive manner. A modified ASTM-5470 stepped bar apparatus is used to compare the performance of the polymer CNT composites with a wide variety of leading commercially available thermal interface materials under loadings up to 690 kPa. Thermal resistances as low as 0.1 cm2-K/W were achieved with a polymer-CNT composite-aligning well with the thermal demands of spreader to heat sink interface applications. Next, a dynamic thermal tester is developed and used to evaluate the performance, durability, and fungibility of polymer-CNT composites for dynamic applications such as chip testing. The dynamic tester is designed to closely mimic the conditions present in automated burn-in systems used in commercial chip testing. The polymer CNT-composites delivered an over 3X increase in product lifetime when compared to state of the art materials subjected to this cyclic thermo-mechanical testing.
Robust Power System State Estimation for the Nonlinear AC Flow Model (2012)

An important monitoring task for power systems is accurate estimation of the system operation state. Under the nonlinear AC power flow model, the state estimation (SE) problem is inherently nonconvex giving rise to many local optima. In addition to nonconvexity, SE is challenged by data integrity and cyber-security issues. Unfortunately, existing robust (R-) SE schemes employed routinely in practice rely on iterative solvers, which are sensitive to initialization and cannot ensure global optimality. A novel R-SE approach is formulated here by capitalizing on the sparsity of an overcomplete outlier vector model. Observability and identifiability issues of this model are investigated, and neat links are established between R-SE and error control coding. The \emph{convex} semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique is further pursued to render the nonconvex R-SE problem efficiently solvable. The resultant algorithm markedly outperforms existing iterative alternatives, as corroborated through numerical tests on the standard IEEE 30-bus system.
Noise Adaptive Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Whole-Body PET Denoising (2018)

Many factors can impact PET image noise levels including injected dose, wait time, patient's BMI, scan duration etc.. These factors can lead to a large spatial variation and inter-patient variation of PET image noise. Commonly used PET noise suppression methods include regularized image reconstruction and non-linear post-filtering, both of which require user selected functions and parameters to achieve a desired signal-to-noise tradeoff. This challenging task is further complicated by the intra-patient and inter-patient noise level variations. In this study, we investigated a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) approach for whole-body PET image denoising that can adapt to different input noise levels to yield a consistent low noise PET image. We adopted an 8-layer residual network architecture that is trained with multiple noise samples paired with a single low noise high count PET image (label). All these noisy samples share the same clean latent image but are corrupted with different levels of noise. Thus, the network parameters are optimized to estimate the noise residual from input images with different noise levels. The training dataset constituted of 8 patient studies and 2 phantom studies. We evaluated the same DCNN architecture trained with multiple noise levels (DCNN-M) against the one trained with a single noise level (DCNN-S) on 2 real patient studies inserted with GATE simulated lesions. The results show that DCNN-M yielded superior performance in lesion contrast recovery compared to a Gaussian post-filter at matched liver CoV levels, and yielded more consistent coefficient of variation (CoV) in the liver across different scan durations than DCNN-S.
Innovation in Monitoring Food Freeze Drying (2011)

Abstract This paper aims to extend the field of application of the pressure rise, test technique, from freeze drying of pharmaceutical or biological products in vials to freeze drying of liquids or foodstuff in trays. The proposed method, which is based on DPE+ algorithm, has been adapted to monitor the drying of liquids in trays and of individually quick frozen products. Examples of results obtained in a small-scale plant wherein such a method was used for monitoring the freeze drying of spinach samples and solutions of sucrose and lactose are presented. Since in bulk freeze drying the radiant energy coming from the upper shelf might be not negligible, the effectiveness of this method has been tested in the presence of different radiating contributions. A more sophisticated algorithm to interpret the pressure rise curve, which uses a mathematical model accounting for both conduction heat transfer from the bottom and radiant energy coming from the upper shelf and including heat accumulation into the dried layer, is proposed and experimentally tested. Keywords: Food dryingFreeze dryingMonitoringPressure rise techniquePrimary drying
Autonomous Flight Control of Unmanned Small Hobby-Class Helicopter Report 1: Hardware Development and Verification Experiments of Autonomous Flight Control System (2003)

We detail hardware and firmware development for autonomous control of a small unmanned hobby-compatible small helicopter. Preserving compatibility with hobby products greatly reduces overall cost, including that for hardware development and system maintenance. The original concept in the development of hardware, firmware, and the operating system for autonomous control flight focuses on compatibility and adaptability with conventional hobby products. The newly-developed servopulse switching unit and the pulse generator realized this concept, implementing expandability and flexibility to control. Taking the small payload into account, we dramatically downsized helicopter hardware resulting in a 2.9 kgf controller. We verified correct control performance through simulation and experiments including guiddance flights.
Formalizing and Evaluating Requirements of Perception Systems for Automated Vehicles using Spatio-Temporal Perception Logic (2022)

Automated vehicles (AV) heavily depend on robust perception systems. Current methods for evaluating vision systems focus mainly on frame-by-frame performance. Such evaluation methods appear to be inadequate in assessing the performance of a perception subsystem when used within an AV. In this paper, we present a logic -- referred to as Spatio-Temporal Perception Logic (STPL) -- which utilizes both spatial and temporal modalities. STPL enables reasoning over perception data using spatial and temporal operators. One major advantage of STPL is that it facilitates basic sanity checks on the functional performance of the perception system, even without ground-truth data in some cases. We identify a fragment of STPL which is efficiently monitorable offline in polynomial time. Finally, we present a range of specifications for AV perception systems to highlight the types of requirements that can be expressed and analyzed through offline monitoring with STPL.
Air fraction estimation for multiple combustion mode diesel engines with dual-loop EGR systems (2007)

This paper describes an observer-based air fraction estimation method for diesel engines with dual loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems to conduct multiple and alternative combustion modes for significant engine emission reduction. An observer is designed to estimate the air fractions in all the engine intake/exhaust sections using standard sensors equipped on the engines. The observer provides indispensable information for the engine controller to exercise closed-loop control on in-cylinder conditions, in particular the high-pressure EGR gas and low-pressure EGR gas amounts and the ratio, which are crucial for engines running alternative combustion modes with dual-loop EGR systems. The convergence stability of the observer is proved based on a Lyapunov analysis assisted by physical insights into the engine systems. The observer is also experimentally evaluated on a modern light-duty diesel engine with a dual-loop EGR system.
Sidelink-assisted handover for cellular network (2017)

Direct device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered as a key technology and enabler for a multitude of new services in future fifth generation (5G) networks. Especially safety and emergency applications will require fast and reliable handover, seamless D2D connectivity and proper radio access to the cellular network. This paper proposes a novel handover scheme, which takes advantage of the D2D sidelink in order to assist the handover procedure, provide connectivity and maintain synchronization among multiple radio links. The scheme is in particular beneficial for cases including users with partial cellular coverage, for which standard handover is not possible, provides connectivity to out-of-coverage users and further assists them in accessing again the cellular network. In a network-controlled implementation the proposed scheme can be used for flexible handover, allowing multi-link coexistence and avoiding large delays of inter-cellular D2D. Sequence diagrams and procedure flow charts are provided for selected scenarios.
Mutation of the TGD1 Chloroplast Envelope Protein Affects Phosphatidate Metabolism in<i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2005)

Phosphatidate (PA) is a central metabolite of lipid metabolism and a signaling molecule in many eukaryotes, including plants. Mutations in a permease-like protein, TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL1 (TGD1), in Arabidopsis thaliana caused the accumulation of triacylglycerols, oligogalactolipids, and PA. Chloroplast lipids were altered in their fatty acid composition consistent with an impairment of lipid trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast and a disruption of thylakoid lipid biosynthesis from ER-derived precursors. The process mediated by TGD1 appears to be essential as mutation of the protein caused a high incidence of embryo abortion. Isolated tgd1 mutant chloroplasts showed a decreased ability to incorporate PA into galactolipids. The TGD1 protein was localized to the inner chloroplast envelope and appears to be a component of a lipid transporter. As even partial disruption of TGD1 function has drastic consequences on central lipid metabolism, the tgd1 mutant provides a tool to explore regulatory mechanisms governing lipid homeostasis and lipid trafficking in plants.
Application of directional antenna to wireless multihop network enabled by IPT forwarding (2008)

Intermittent periodic transmit (IPT forwarding) is known as a packet forwarding scheme that achieves highly efficient packet relays in wireless multihop networks. In the method, a source node sends source packets intermittently and periodically with some transmit period, by which co-transmission space of forwarding packets, that is defined as space between multihop nodes in packet transmission, can be controlled in accordance with the given transmit period. If the transmit period is greater than a certain limit, packet collisions due to interference are eliminated and thus packet forwarding is maximized in its efficiency. In order to compensate for broadband traffic, improvement of relay efficiency is highly expected. To this end, we consider an application of directional antenna to wireless multihop networks enabled by IPT forwarding for further improvement of relay efficiency. Upon addressing a key issue caused by the application of directional antenna, we propose a new directional MAC protocol which consists of an IPT forwarding based packet forwarding and a routing. Simulation results ensure that the proposed directional MAC achieves higher throughput and lower packet loss rate compared with a conventional packet forwarding with omni-directional antennas.
Energy-efficient switching in optical interconnection networks (2011)

Interconnection networks currently used in backbone routers, high performance computing systems, and large data storage systems are based on electronic switching fabrics. Due to the ever increasing amount of data to store and process, these solutions are approaching their fundamental limitations in terms of wiring density, throughput, and power consumption. Optical interconnection networks are a viable solution to cope with such compelling issues. However the architecture must be designed and optimized in order to achieve high throughput at low power consumption. The paper will overview different SOA-based implementations of the space switches required in both single plane and multi plane optical interconnection networks. The objective is to identify the most suitable implementation in terms of number of SOAs needed, scalability and power consumption, when considering today's available technologies.
Pareto-Efficient Quantum Circuit Simulation Using Tensor Contraction Deferral (2017)

With the current rate of progress in quantum computing technologies, systems with more than 50 qubits will soon become reality. Computing ideal quantum state amplitudes for circuits of such and larger sizes is a fundamental step to assess both the correctness, performance, and scaling behavior of quantum algorithms and the fidelities of quantum devices. However, resource requirements for such calculations on classical computers grow exponentially. We show that deferring tensor contractions can extend the boundaries of what can be computed on classical systems. To demonstrate this technique, we present results obtained from a calculation of the complete set of output amplitudes of a universal random circuit with depth 27 in a 2D lattice of $7 \times 7$ qubits, and an arbitrarily selected slice of $2^{37}$ amplitudes of a universal random circuit with depth 23 in a 2D lattice of $8 \times 7$ qubits. Combining our methodology with other decomposition approaches found in the literature, we show that we can simulate $7 \times 7$-qubit random circuits to arbitrary depth by leveraging secondary storage. These calculations were thought to be impossible due to resource requirements.
Quantitative Two-photon Flow Cytometry (2005)

Two-photon excitation in conjunction with a suitable multi-dye labeling strategy enables quantitative flow cytometry under conditions of nonuniform flow, such as may be encountered in simple capillary flow or in vivo.