gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unified Diagnosability Evaluation Framework for Complex Systems (2013)

A unified diagnosability evaluation framework for complex systems is presented. In this framework, four elements are used to define the diagnosability evaluation problem: fault space, indication space, fault-indication relation, and metrics. In different stages of product life cycle, the information source for diagnosability analysis may be different. But the evaluation procedure, information integration method and relation models are similar and can be unified into a framework to provide guidelines for system design and analysis. This paper is focused on the extraction of the principle rules of diagnosability evaluation and the selection of information for analysis in different stages of system life cycle. Ambiguity analysis based evaluation measures are also proposed as a complement of previous works. Both system level evaluation and component level evaluation metrics are introduced.
IGF-I increases bone marrow contribution to adult skeletal muscle and enhances the fusion of myelomonocytic precursors (2005)

Muscle damage has been shown to enhance the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to regenerating skeletal muscle. One responsible cell type involved in this process is a hematopoietic stem cell derivative, the myelomonocytic precursor (MMC). However, the molecular components responsible for this injury-related response remain largely unknown. In this paper, we show that delivery of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to adult skeletal muscle by three different methods-plasmid electroporation, injection of genetically engineered myoblasts, and recombinant protein injection-increases the integration of BMDCs up to fourfold. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we developed an in vitro fusion assay in which co-cultures of MMCs and myotubes were exposed to IGF-I. The number of fusion events was substantially augmented by IGF-I, independent of its effect on cell survival. These results provide novel evidence that a single factor, IGF-I, is sufficient to enhance the fusion of bone marrow derivatives with adult skeletal muscle.
Mice with targeted disruption of <i>Hoxb-1</i> fail to form the motor nucleus of the VIIth nerve (1996)

Mice were generated with targeted disruptions in the hoxb-1 gene. Two separate mutations were created: the first disrupts only the homeodomain and the second inactivates the first exon as well as the homeodomain. The phenotypes associated with these two mutant alleles are indistinguishable in surviving adult mice. The predominant defect in these mutant mice is a failure to form the somatic motor component of the VIIth (facial) nerve, possibly through a failure to specify these neurons. The phenotype of hoxb-1 mutant homozygotes closely resembles features of the clinical profile associated with humans suffering from Bell's Palsy or Moebius Syndrome. These animals should therefore provide a useful animal model for these human diseases.
Synergistic plasma-assisted electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia (2018)

A nitrogen plasma was incorporated into the cathode side of an electrolyzer to provide energetically activated N2 species to the electrocatalyst surface. At an applied bias of ∼3.5 V across the electrolyzer, plasma-assisted operation was observed to produce 47% more ammonia than the combination of plasma-without-bias and bias-without-plasma conditions.
Rapid Identification of Bacterial Biofilms and Biofilm Wound Models Using a Multichannel Nanosensor (2014)

Identification of infectious bacteria responsible for biofilm-associated infections is challenging due to the complex and heterogeneous biofilm matrix. To address this issue and minimize the impact of heterogeneity on biofilm identification, we developed a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based multichannel sensor to detect and identify biofilms based on their physicochemical properties. Our results showed that the sensor can discriminate six bacterial biofilms including two composed of uropathogenic bacteria. The capability of the sensor was further demonstrated through discrimination of biofilms in a mixed bacteria/mammalian cell in vitro wound model.
Hydraulic hoisting technology for platinum mines (2005)

Anglo Platinum has initiated a project to investigate hydraulic hoisting technology for platinum mines. Hydraulic hoisting systems are categorized as pumping, fluidizing feeder or displacement feeder systems. Positive displacement piston diaphragm pumps are most suitable for pumping systems but they require that the ore be milled prior to pumping. Fluidizing feeders are unsuitable for platinum ore applications due to the large percentage of fines in the ore. The three-chamber pipe displacement feeder has been most widely used for hydraulic hoisting and is the most suitable technology for platinum mines. Eight hydraulic hoisting applications covering pumping and displacement feeder technologies are reviewed. The key factors to be assessed in selecting a hydraulic hoisting system for a platinum mine are discussed. A typical platinum mine configuration will comprise an ore preparation plant (to produce -15 mm material through screening or crushing), motive water pump on surface, high pressure water pipeline from surface to underground, ore slurrification plant, three-chamber displacement feeder, and a high pressure slurry pipeline to surface. The water and slurry pipelines are housed in a purpose drilled borehole. A hydraulic hoisting system selection chart is presented. A 150 mm diameter system with a 25 MPa pressure rating is required to hoist 60 000 t/m from a depth of 1 200 m. Generic capital and operating costs are presented. A major potential advantage of hydraulic hoisting is that the fines, which contain a high percentage of PGMs, are captured underground and transported directly to the concentrator. Hydraulic hoisting technology is ideally suited to providing supplementary hoisting capacity to existing shafts that have reached the skip hoisting capacity limit. The main advantage for new shafts is the potential to significantly simplify underground rock handling and transportation. All hydraulic hoisting system components are proven. The only risk area is the wear rates of the valves and piping. Current estimates are based on gold ore. The business cases investigated show that the financial viability of the installations are not sensitive to wear rate. Hydraulic hoisting is technically feasible and financially attractive for platinum mines. Keywords: hydraulic hoisting, slurry
Sonar-based measurement of user presence and attention (2009)

We describe a technique to detect the presence of computer users. This technique relies on sonar using hardware that already exists on commodity laptop computers and other electronic devices. It leverages the fact that human bodies have a different effect on sound waves than air and other objects. We conducted a user study in which 20 volunteers used a computer equipped with our ultrasonic sonar software. Our results show that it is possible to detect the presence or absence of users with near perfect accuracy after only ten seconds of measurement. We find that this technique can differentiate varied user positions and actions, opening the possibility of future use in estimating attention level.
Substituted Terphenyl Compounds as the First Class of Low Molecular Weight Allosteric Inhibitors of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (2009)

The luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor plays an important role in fertility and certain cancers. The endogenous ligands human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and LH bind to the large N terminal domain of the receptor. We recently reported on the first radiolabeled low molecular weight (LMW) agonist for this receptor, [(3)H]Org 43553, which was now used to screen for new LMW ligands. We identified a terphenyl derivative that inhibited [(3)H]Org 43553 binding to the receptor, which led us to synthesize a number of derivatives. The most potent compound of this terphenyl series, 24 (LUF5771), was able to increase the dissociation rate of [(3)H]Org 43553 by 3.3-fold (at 10 muM). In a functional assay, the presence of 24 resulted in a 2- to 3-fold lower potency of both Org 43553 and LH. Thus, the compounds presented in this paper are the first LMW ligands that allosterically inhibit the LH receptor.
Malignant Melanoma Prognostic Factors 3: Surgical Margins (1983)

Narrow margins of excision for melanomas less than 0.85 mm thick neither shorten the length of survival nor increase the local recurrence rate. Similarly, narrow margins of excision for melanomas greater than 0.85 mm thick do not adversely affect the survival rate. However, for thicker melanomas, the local recurrence rate increases when the surgical margin is reduced to less than 3 cm.
Identification in a Fish Species of Two Id (Inhibitor of DNA Binding/Differentiation)‐related helix‐loop‐helix Factors Expressed in the Slow Oxidative Muscle Fibers (1997)

Helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins related to the inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id) serve as general antagonists of cell differentiation. They lack a basic DNA-binding domain and are thought to function in a dominant negative manner by sequestering basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors that are involved in cell determination and differentiation. Four Id-encoding genes have been shown in mammals, they have a distinct pattern of expression suggesting different functions for each member in different cell lineage. In this study we describe the identification and cloning of two trout cDNAs which encode helix-loop-helix proteins showing a high degree of similarity with mammalian Id family members. One cDNA encodes a trout putative Id1 protein (TId1) that is 63% identical to the human Id1 protein over the entire length and 78% identical within the HLH region. The other cDNA encodes a trout putative Id2 protein (TId2) that shows 82% identity to the human Id2 protein and only one change that is conservative over the HLH region. In the 3' untranslated region, TId2 mRNA exhibits 16 nucleotides upstream from the AATAAA site, a palindromic sequence similar to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) which is also present in Id2 and Id3 mRNAs from mammals and in XIdx/XIdI mRNA from Xenopus. In the fish, TId1 and TId2 are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with slightly different patterns. During myogenesis, TId1 and TId2 are highly expressed in the myotomal musculature of fish embryos and of early alevins but are down-regulated in that of late alevins. In muscle from juveniles and adults, TId1 and TId2 transcripts are abundant in the slow oxidative fibers while they are absent in the fast glycolytic fibers. This expression pattern suggests that Id genes play a role in the regulation of muscle fiber phenotype in addition to controlling early myogenesis. On the whole, the identification of two HLH-Id encoding genes in a major taxonomic group like teleosts, suggests an early divergence of Id genes in vertebrate evolution. The observation that Id transcripts are present selectively in the slow muscle reveals that their expression is more complicated than previously appreciated.
Reverse Current Characteristics of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon-Crystalline Silicon Heterojunctions (1987)

The electrical properties of heterojunctions of p-type a-Si:H and n-type c-Si have been investigated by measuring I–V and C–V characteristics. The C–V characteristics revealed that there was something (what is called interface defect states) to obstruct the spread of the depletion layer in c-Si at the interface of a-Si:H and c-Si. The I – V characteristics showed that these interface defect states assisted the generation of a reverse current. The calculation suggested that only the interface defect states near the midgap influenced the reverse current. Consequently, to realize a low dark current applicable to imaging devices, it was necessary to decrease the number of interface defect states.
Antenna Diagram Shaping for Pseudolite Transmitter Antennas – A Solution to the Near-Far Problem (1999)

Since GPS has become operational the idea of augmenting
the system has been addressed. One idea is the usage of
pseudolites, which are ground-based transmitters. Pseudo-lites
broadcast a GPS-like signal and can be used to en-hance
the accuracy, integrity and availability of GPS. The
major disadvantages are the „Near-Far Problem“ which
limits the coverage area and transmitter generated mul-tipath
due to ground reflections and nearby reflectors. Dif-ferent
approaches have been made to overcome these
problems, e.g. pulsed or unpulsed systems, signals trans-mitted
with a frequency offset from L1 or the usage of al-ternative
codes [8], [6], [10], [11].
The Institute of Flight Guidance and Control has devel-oped
such a pseudolite system since 1995. The system has
been successfully demonstrated in flight and driving trials.
During these experiments it has become obvious that the
transmitter antenna is a very important part which strongly
affects the system’s performance. Therefore a research
project has been launched to find an optimal antenna dia-gram
shaping for pseudolite transmitter antennas. The goal
was to find a beam shape which minimizes the Near-Far
problem (i.e. extend the coverage area) and which excludes
possible ground reflectors (e.g. hangars, buildings etc.) to
prevent multipath.
Research activities started with modelling different an-tenna
types like patch antennas, helix antennas and phased
array antennas using a special software package. Thereby
parameters have been identified to shape the antenna pat-tern.
Based on these results different antennas have been built to validate the theoretical models. The developed an-tennas
are usable with pulsed and unpulsed systems.
This paper describes results from antenna diagram simula-tions
as well as measurements from field trials. Different
antenna types will be presented with their advantages and
disadvantages. It will be shown that using the best fit an-tenna
diagram, the Near-Far problem will be minimized
and the usable area can be extended.
Perspectives on lifelong learning: The view from a distance (2000)

This study explores the factors related to using distance learning to meet the continuing education needs of professionals in knowledge related fields. College programs and accreditation are discussed, as well as the needs for individual credentials, increasing knowledge, and personal development.
Benzofuran Derivatives. I. On the Effects of Substituents in Benzofuran Syntheses (1983)

Abstract The Rössing’s reaction of 4-substituted 2-acylphenoxyacetic acids give a mixture of benzofurans and 2-benzofurancarboxylic acids. The relative yields of benzofurans and 2-benzofurancarboxylic acids depend on the substituents on the benzene ring of the 2-acylphenoxyacetic acids. Electron-withdrawing substituents such as nitro groups favor the formation of 2-benzofurancarboxylic acids. On the other hand, the formation of benzofurans is favored by the steric hindrance of 2-acyl groups in the reaction of 2-acyl-4-nitrophenoxyacetic acids with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride.
Mechanical allodynia following contusion injury of the rat spinal cord is associated with loss of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsal horn (2004)

The present study investigated whether mechanical allodynia following contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) of the thoracic segments 12 and 13 of the rat was associated with a reduction in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition adjacent to the site of injury. Five to 7 days following SCI, extracellular recordings were obtained from dorsal horn neurones located 1–2 segments caudal to the injury, in non-allodynic and allodynic halothane anaesthetised rats and from comparable neurones in normal rats. To assess spinal GABAergic inhibition in the three groups of animals, spontaneous and evoked cell firing rates were recorded before, during and after microiontophoretic application of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. Administration of bicuculline to normal animals resulted in significant and reversible increases in the receptive field size, spontaneous firing rate, response to brushing and pinching the skin and afterdischarge activity of dorsal horn neurones, as well as decreasing paired-pulse depression of responses evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation. In non-allodynic SCI animals, bicuculline ejection led to significant changes in receptive field size, paired-pulse depression and responses to brush and pinch stimulation that were comparable to those observed in normal animals. By contrast, in allodynic SCI animals, bicuculline ejection had little or no effect on dorsal horn neurone responses to mechanical skin stimuli and paired-pulse depression despite reliably blocking the inhibition of cell firing produced by similarly applied GABA. The demonstration of reduced GABAergic inhibition predominantly in the allodynic SCI rats suggests that such a deficiency contributed to this pain-related behaviour acutely following SCI.
Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis (2017)

In regression analysis it is obvious to have a correlation between the response and predictor(s), but having correlation among predictors is something undesired. The number of predictors included in the regression model depends on many factors among which, historical data, experience, etc. At the end selection of most important predictors is something objective due to the researcher. Multicollinearity is a phenomena when two or more predictors are correlated, if this happens, the standard error of the coefficients will increase [8]. Increased standard errors means that the coefficients for some or all independent variables may be found to be significantly different from In other words, by overinflating the standard errors, multicollinearity makes some variables statistically insignificant when they should be significant. In this paper we focus on the multicollinearity, reasons and consequences on the reliability of the regression model.
GazeChat: Enhancing Virtual Conferences with Gaze-aware 3D Photos (2021)

Communication software such as Clubhouse and Zoom has evolved to be an integral part of many people’s daily lives. However, due to network bandwidth constraints and concerns about privacy, cameras in video conferencing are often turned off by participants. This leads to a situation in which people can only see each others’ profile images, which is essentially an audio-only experience. Even when switched on, video feeds do not provide accurate cues as to who is talking to whom. This paper introduces GazeChat, a remote communication system that visually represents users as gaze-aware 3D profile photos. This satisfies users’ privacy needs while keeping online conversations engaging and efficient. GazeChat uses a single webcam to track whom any participant is looking at, then uses neural rendering to animate all participants’ profile images so that participants appear to be looking at each other. We have conducted a remote user study (N=16) to evaluate GazeChat in three conditions: audio conferencing with profile photos, GazeChat, and video conferencing. Based on the results of our user study, we conclude that GazeChat maintains the feeling of presence while preserving more privacy and requiring lower bandwidth than video conferencing, provides a greater level of engagement than to audio conferencing, and helps people to better understand the structure of their conversation.
Metabolomic adaptations and correlates of survival to immune checkpoint blockade (2019)

Despite remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the majority of cancer patients have yet to receive durable benefits. Here, in order to investigate the metabolic alterations in response to immune checkpoint blockade, we comprehensively profile serum metabolites in advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab, an antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). We identify serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio increases as an adaptive resistance mechanism associated with worse overall survival. This advocates for patient stratification and metabolic monitoring in immunotherapy clinical trials including those combining PD1 blockade with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO/TDO) inhibitors.
Novel blends of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polyurethane-silica hybrid networks (2012)

Novel blends of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyurethane-silica (PU-SiO 2 ) hybrid networks have been prepared by melt blending. The PU-SiO 2 hybrid networks were formed via the reaction of NCO groups of NCO-terminated PU prepolymer and OH groups of SiO 2 in the absence of an external crosslinking agent (i.e. alcohols and amines) during the curing process of NBR. Both in the neat PU-SiO 2 system and the NBR/(PU-SiO 2 ) system, the NCO-terminated PU prepolymer could be crosslinked by SiO 2 to form PU-SiO 2 hybrid networks. The effects of PU-SiO 2 introduction into the NBR, on the properties of the resulting blends were studied. It was found that the vulcanization was activated by the incorporation of PU-SiO 2 . Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) studies indicated that the interpenetration and entanglement structures between NBR and PU-SiO 2 increased with increasing PU-SiO 2 content and the quasi-interpenetrating polymer networks (quasi-IPN) structures were formed when the PU-SiO 2 was 50 wt% in the NBR/(PU-SiO 2 ) systems. The microstructures formed in the blends led to good compatibility between NBR and PU-SiO 2 and significantly improved the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and flex-fatigue life of the blends.
Temperature and current dependence of electroluminescence in a-Si: H (1991)

Abstract Forward-bias steady-state currents in p-i-n a-Si:H structures produce significant electroluminescence (EL). We have measured the EL as a function of temperature under constant-current conditions. We find that the EL exhibits the same temperature dependence as photoluminescence (PL), namely exp(∼T/T*0). For EL, however, T*0 is proportional to the cube root of the current. A simple model based on the experimental results is presented.
身轻如燕 应用如刀——笔记本电脑应用方案小阅兵——解析无线方案：广阔的无线空间 (2001)

眼看着又是7月，暑气暴窜，天热得e刀客懒得干活，于是干脆闷在家里看金、古两位大侠的武侠小说。谁知这武侠一看就入迷，弄得e刀客每日必修的网上功课——看IT新闻——也成了抽空才能干的活儿。这事情让嘟囔小姐知道了，大笑e刀客老土，理由是：“别人都从书籍开始向网络转，你倒好，偏从网络向书籍倒退。”
Effect of co‐additives on the flame/smoke suppression properties of zinc borates (1991)

Abstract Two zinc borates are useful partial replacements for the antimony oxide flame retardant normally used to flame retard flexible PVC products. The effect of using various co‐additives with zinc borates on the flame retardancy and smoke formation of a model flexible PVC cable jacket was evaluated in an attempt to further improve the properties of the formulation. The use of ammonium octamolybdate with the borates yields products with improved properties. Highly flame retarded formulations that yield low levels of smoke can be prepared by using alumina trihydrate or magnesium compounds as replacements for the usual calcium carbonate filler. Replacement of part of the phthalate ester plasticizer with brominated ester, a phosphate ester, or a brominated phosphate ester also results in formulations with oxygen values as high as 39.5 which produce lower levels of smoke.