gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A refined method for sequential blood sampling by tail incision in rats (2000)

Levels of endogenous or administered substances can be estimated by blood sampling. This allows an evaluation of the relationship between clinical signs, physiological parameters, pharmacological treatments and behaviour of the animal. We show that blood samples can be taken occasionally as well as sequentially by means of a small incision at the end of the rats' tails. Up to 300 microl of blood can be collected within 90 s. The advantages of this method are: (i) anaesthesia and surgery or restraint of the animal are not necessary; (ii) the procedure can be considered stress-free as indicated by the low, basal levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, even with frequent sequential blood sampling over 3 h; and (iii) it can be used for longitudinal studies allowing intra-individual comparisons over months and even years. Blood samples collected via an intravenous catheter and, at the same time, by our tail incision method resulted in comparable amounts of corticosterone. Moreover, we consider the tail incision method for rats to be 'animal-friendly' and a real alternative to other conventionally used blood sampling techniques.
The effect of dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in preventing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers fed on diets imbalanced in calcium and phosphorus (1993)

Three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of supplemental dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol) and a low dietary Ca:P ratio on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in 3-week-old broilers. Histopathology was used to diagnose TD. In the first experiment, feeding a diet containing 7.5 g Ca and 7.6 g P/kg gave a higher incidence of TD than a control diet containing normal amounts of Ca and P (12 and 6 g/kg respectively). Increasing the dietary supplement of cholecalciferol in the imbalanced diet prevented rickets but did not decrease the incidence of TD. In the second experiment, supplementing the imbalanced diet with 10 micrograms 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol/kg prevented TD completely but also gave a slight growth depression. In the third experiment the imbalanced diet was supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5 or 10 micrograms 1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol/kg. The supplement of 2.5 micrograms/kg depressed and the higher supplements prevented the occurrence of TD, this time without a growth depression. Feeding the 10 micrograms/kg supplement for the first week only did not prevent TD. Plasma total Ca, inorganic P and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) were unaffected by diet but 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol was higher on the imbalanced than on the control diet. Supplementation of the imbalanced diet with 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol did not increase plasma levels. It is concluded that 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol is exerting a powerful biological effect in this model of TD, but the mechanism is unclear.
Requirements of object-oriented databases for tool integration in IPSEs (2002)

Research on IPSE architectures has discussed the benefits of a centralized repository at some length. Such a repository has to not only offer enhanced data management services but also provide for mechanisms to assist in the building and use of tools. Tools impose a special set of requirements because of the manner in which they are specified and reused. The area of programming and software development environments is rich in proposals regarding tool specification and integration. The demands that these proposals place on an IPSE database are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A simple nanostructured polymer/ZnO hybrid solar cell—preparation and operation in air (2008)

A detailed description is given of the preparation of a polymer solar cell and its characterization. The solar cell can be prepared entirely in the ambient atmosphere by solution processing without the use of vacuum coating steps, and it can be operated in the ambient atmosphere with good operational stability under illumination (1000 W m(-2), AM1.5G, 72 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 5% relative humidity) for 100 h with a 20% loss in efficiency with respect to the initial performance. The dark storability (darkness, 25 °C, 35 ± 5% relative humidity) has been shown to exceed six months without notable loss in efficiency. The devices do not require any form of encapsulation to gain stability, while a barrier for mechanical protection may be useful. The devices are based on soluble zinc oxide nanoparticles mixed with the thermocleavable conjugated polymer poly-(3-(2-methylhexan-2-yl)-oxy-carbonyldithiophene) (P3MHOCT), which through a thermal treatment is converted to the insoluble form poly(3-carboxydithiophene) (P3CT) that generally gives stable polymer solar cells. The devices employed a solution based silver back electrode. One advantage is that preparation of the devices is very simple and can be carried out by hand under ambient conditions, requiring only a hot plate that can reach a temperature of 210 °C, and preferably also a spincoater. This type of device is thus excellently suited for teaching and demonstration purposes provided that the materials are at hand.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce T Cell Anergy and Downregulate T Cell Allo-Responses via the TH2 Pathway: Relevance to Tissue Engineering Human Heart Valves (2006)

To generate an ''off the shelf'' tissue-engineered heart valve, the cells would need to be of allogeneic origin. Here, we report the possibility of using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a suitable allogeneic cell source for tissue-engineered heart valves. Proliferative responses of primary and primed CD4+ T cells to allogeneic MSCs were examined. A protein microarray system was used to detect soluble factors from supernatants collected from the T cell assays. MSCs are poor stimulators of primary and primed CD4+ T cell proliferation, despite provision of B7-1 trans-co-stimulation. MSCs not only directly inhibited primary and primed T cell responses to allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but 24-h pre-culture of T cells with MSCs suppressed subsequent T cell proliferative responses to allogeneic PBMCs in a contact-dependent manner. Analysis of supernatants revealed a distinctly different cytokine profile after co-culture of T cells with MSCs than with PBMCs or endothelial cells. Pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha and beta, interferon (IFN)gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha were downregulated, whereas, anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and the Th2 chemokine I-309, a chemoattractant for regulatory T cells, were upregulated. Further analysis revealed that after co-culture with MSCs, the T cells exhibited a regulatory phenotype (CD4+ CD25(lo) CD69(lo) FoxP3+). MSCs downregulate T cell responses through direct contact and secretion of anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic cytokines, which may involve the recruitment of regulatory T cells. This implies that allogeneic MSCs could be a suitable cell source for tissue engineering a heart valve.
Efficient multimodal features for automatic soccer highlight generation (2004)

We describe efficient audio/visual features and their multimodal combination to detect highlights in soccer video. A novel audio feature first detects dominant speech portions in the commentary coincident with segments of high excitement in the game. Verification is then performed in the visual domain by detecting the presence of goal-mouth in the current shot and a high frequency of camera shot change in the subsequent shots. The cascaded process filters spurious candidate highlights from the noisy audio. The impressive results obtained on a large video test-set belie the technical simplicity in the system, which may now enable rapid generation of highlights on low-cost devices such as household set-top-boxes.
Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Constrained Optimization Problem (2006)

This paper proposes a new constraint direct disposal method (GA-CDD), which need not penalty factor, is a universal method dealing with constraint. In order to increase convergence velocity and get global optimal solution, a skill of reserving some unfeasible solution was introduced. The experiment study has shown that the method proposed in this paper is very effective, especially the optimal solution locating in the border of the feasible region
Data Link Control (2010)

Arsip Kuliah Online 2011
Mahasiswa dapat memahami tentang jalur konfigurasi, flow control, pengendalian kesalahan, dan data link control protocols.
Incidence of hypertension after marrow transplantation among 112 patients randomized to either cyclosporine or methotrexate as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis (1985)

We investigated the frequency of hypertension (sustained diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) in 112 patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts. Patients were conditioned with 2 X 60 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 6 X 2 Gy of total body irradiation and randomized to receive as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis either the standard methotrexate regimen (n = 61) or cyclosporine (n = 51), starting on day -1 as 12.5 mg/kg/d orally or as 3 mg/kg/d i.v. and later converting to p.o. when oral intake was tolerated. Kaplan-Meier estimates indicate a 60% incidence of hypertension in the first 120 d in patients given cyclosporine (median time to onset: 4 d post transplant) compared to 20% in patients given methotrexate (P less than 0.0001). Multifactorial analysis using a Cox regression model showed that cyclosporine was was the most significant risk factor for developing hypertension (relative risk: 32.1, P less than 0.0001). In addition, glucocorticoids, used for treatment of GVHD, were associated with an increased risk for hypertension (relative risk 7.2, P less than 0.0001). Age, sex, underlying disease, cyclosporine trough levels, and renal function had no significant association with hypertension. Early therapy of hypertension in cyclosporine-treated patients appears to be indicated.
Can We Trust the Quality of Routine Hospital Outpatient Information in the UK? (1998)

Although there was good agreement within individual categories between the two sources, 37% of patient computerised records held at least one inconsistency in this small study focusing on only two data items. Further systematic evaluation is needed to test the extent to which other items are similarly discrepant.
Single-stage series resonant power factor correctors (2002)

This paper considers the following questions: (1) the impact of the type of frequency control on the characteristics of the resonant power factor corrector (RPFC); (2) the features of RPFC with the combined regulation of the control frequency and interval when the energy is transferred to the load; (3) the influence of the high frequency current form factor on the power factor (PF); (4) the impact of the active power change on PF in the RPFC with the input capacitor; (5) and the features of the discontinuous input current modes. The characteristics of lot production devices developed on the base of the single-stage RPFC are shown.
Meeting the challenges of heart failure (2004)

Debbie Bell questions whether patients with heart failure are getting a raw deal under the new general medical services contract
Register optimizations for stencils on GPUs (2018)

The recent advent of compute-intensive GPU architecture has allowed application developers to explore high-order 3D stencils for better computational accuracy. A common optimization strategy for such stencils is to expose sufficient data reuse by means such as loop unrolling, with the expectation of register-level reuse. However, the resulting code is often highly constrained by register pressure. While current state-of-the-art register allocators are satisfactory for most applications, they are unable to effectively manage register pressure for such complex high-order stencils, resulting in sub-optimal code with a large number of register spills. In this paper, we develop a statement reordering framework that models stencil computations as a DAG of trees with shared leaves, and adapts an optimal scheduling algorithm for minimizing register usage for expression trees. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through experimental results on a range of stencils extracted from application codes.
Image-Detected Breast Cancer: State-of-the-Art Diagnosis and Treatment (2009)

Silverstein, Melvin J. MD, FACS; Recht, Abram MD, FASTRO; Lagios, Michael D. MD; Bleiweiss, Ira J. MD; Blumencranz, Peter W. MD, FACS; Gizienski, Terri MD; Harms, Steven E. MD, FACR; Harness, Jay MD, FACS; Jackman, Roger J. MD; Klimberg, Suzanne V. MD, FACS; Kuske, Robert MD; Levine, Gary M. MD; Linver, Michael N. MD, FACR; Rafferty, Elizabeth A. MD; Rugo, Hope MD; Schilling, Kathy MD; Tripathy, Debu MD; Whitworth, Pat W. MD, FACS; Willey, Shawna C. MD, FACS Author Information
Intraarticular pathology in acute, first‐time anterior shoulder dislocation: An arthroscopic study (1993)

Intraarticular soft tissue damage after first-time, acute shoulder dislocation has been poorly described in the literature. The present study describes 24 cases of first-time anterior shoulder dislocation that all were evaluated under anesthesia and examined via arthroscopy. All shoulders sustaining anterior dislocation show Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions. They also show anterior instability. The arthroscopic findings were uniform and therefore cannot be used as predictors for future development of recurrent instability.
Prognostic significance of pathological parameters of endomyocardial biopsy in clinical outcome of patients of dilated cardiomyopathy--I. Quantitative morphometric analysis. (1992)

Quantitative evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies from cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was carried out using IBAS KONTRON image analyser with a view to recognise parameters that may be diagnostic and reflect prognosis of the disease. Mean fibre and nuclear diameter, percentage area occupied by myofibres and mean perimeter of the muscle fibres were assessed. Haemodynamic observations were correlated with morphological findings. Percentage area occupied by myofibres was least in cases of DCM. It appears that the muscle mass in cases of DCM decreases with a corresponding increase of fibrosis within the interstitium. This parameter showed a significant direct correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction and an inverse relationship with left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Thus the percentage area occupied by myofibres indicated the severity of DCM as it correlated well with the haemodynamic parameters. Its prognostic role, however, needs to be further investigated on a larger number of cases and follow up studies.
Host microenvironment in breast cancer development: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer development (2003)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental mechanism of crucial importance in establishing the body plan in many multicellular organisms. Several transduction pathways controlling the various steps of the morphological transition have been identified by molecular analyses of this process in cell lines and in vivo. The newly formed mesenchymal cells can exhibit locomotory and invasive phenotypes, suggesting that EMTs contribute to the progression of carcinoma. Diverse evidence indicates that EMT subprograms are involved in the appearance of different breast carcinoma types. Several normal and malignant breast cell lines are currently being analyzed to define key steps in EMT and to identify candidate genes. DNA profiling technology is also being applied to uncover pathways that lead to a metastatic phenotype.
Visibly‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates with All‐Graphene Electrodes (2016)

Portable electronic devices have become increasingly widespread. Because these devices cannot always be tethered to a central grid, powering them will require low‐cost energy harvesting technologies. As a response to this anticipated demand, this study demonstrates transparent organic solar cells fabricated on flexible substrates, including plastic and paper, using graphene as both the anode and cathode. Optical transmittance of up to 69% at 550 nm is achieved by combining the highly transparent graphene electrodes with organic polymers that primarily absorb in the near‐IR and near‐UV regimes. To address the challenge of transferring graphene onto organic layers as the top electrode, this study develops a room temperature dry‐transfer technique using ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate as an adhesion‐promoting interlayer. The power conversion efficiency achieved for flexible devices with graphene anode and cathode devices is 2.8%–3.8% at for optical transmittance of 54%–61% across the visible regime. These results demonstrate the versatility of graphene in optoelectronic applications and it is important step toward developing a practical power source for distributed wireless electrical systems.
HLA-B7 β-pleated sheet-derived synthetic peptides are immunodominant T-cell epitopes regulating alloresponses (2002)

Chronic rejection of transplanted allografts is the major cause of graft loss after clinical solid organ transplantation. Recent data link the indirect presentation of allopeptides to chronic graft loss; thus, identification of immunodominant epitopes on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens could significantly contribute to establishing novel ways for monitoring and managing chronic rejection. Here, we show that synthetic allo-MHC-derived peptides covering the polymorphic region 56 to 120 of HLA-B7 modulate alloresponses. In particular, the 2 beta-pleated sheet-derived peptides covering residues 91 to 105 and 96 to 120, respectively, but not sequences from the alpha1 helix, were presented by autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes to induce T-cell proliferation. In addition, the 2 beta-pleated sheet-derived peptides and the alpha1-derived peptide residues 60 to 75 abrogated lysis of HLA-B7 target cells by anti-HLA-B7 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although most residues between 91 and 120 are normally not directly accessible to T cells, our results indicate that peptides derived from the lower surface of the peptide-binding groove of HLA-B7 are immunodominant in HLA-B7 alloresponses. To characterize the binding and stability of allopeptides to T cells, the 62-70 peptide-derived from the 60-75 allopeptide that blocked cytotoxicity of anti-HLA-B7 CTL-was synthesized and coupled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The peptide specifically labeled anti-B7 CTL, but not anti-HLA-A2 CTL as measured by flow cytometry. Peptide binding to CTL was specific at 4 degrees C and remained stable for 12 hours, whereas it remained stable for less than 2 hours at 37 degrees C. These studies allow the identification of HLA-B7 T-cell epitopes and reveal for the first time a novel, previously unrecognized application of synthetic HLA-derived allopeptides to visualize alloreactive T cells.
A suite of sucrose transporters expressed in coats of developing legume seeds includes novel pH‐independent facilitators (2007)

A suite of newly discovered sucrose transporter genes, PsSUF1, PsSUF4, PvSUT1 and PvSUF1, were isolated from the coats of developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds. Sequence analysis indicated that deduced proteins encoded by PsSUF1, PvSUT1 and PvSUF1 clustered in a separate sub-group under sucrose transporter Clade I, whereas the deduced protein encoded by PsSUF4 clustered in Clade II. When expressed in yeast, these genes were shown to encode sucrose transporters with apparent Michaelis Menten constant (Km) values ranging from 8.9 to 99.8 mm. PvSUT1 exhibited functional characteristics of a sucrose/H+ symporter. In contrast, PsSUF1, PvSUF1 and PsSUF4 supported the pH- and energy independent transport of sucrose that was shown to be bi-directional. These transport properties, together with that of counter transport, indicated that PsSUF1, PvSUF1 and PsSUF4 function as carriers that support the facilitated diffusion of sucrose. Carrier function was unaffected by diethylpyrocarbonate and by maltose competition, suggesting that the sucrose binding sites of these transporters differed from those of known sucrose/H+ symporters. All sucrose transporters were expressed throughout the plant and, of greatest interest, were co-expressed in cells considered responsible for sucrose efflux from seed coats. The possible roles played by the novel facilitators in sucrose efflux from seed coats are discussed.
A combined gate replacement and input vector control approach for leakage current reduction (2006)

Input vector control (IVC) is a popular technique for leakage power reduction. It utilizes the transistor stack effect in CMOS gates by applying a minimum leakage vector (MLV) to the primary inputs of combinational circuits during the standby mode. However, the IVC technique becomes less effective for circuits of large logic depth because the input vector at primary inputs has little impact on leakage of internal gates at high logic levels. In this paper, we propose a technique to overcome this limitation by replacing those internal gates in their worst leakage states by other library gates while maintaining the circuit's correct functionality during the active mode. This modification of the circuit does not require changes of the design flow, but it opens the door for further leakage reduction when the MLV is not effective. We then present a divide-and-conquer approach that integrates gate replacement, an optimal MLV searching algorithm for tree circuits, and a genetic algorithm to connect the tree circuits. Our experimental results on all the MCNC91 benchmark circuits reveal that 1) the gate replacement technique alone can achieve 10% leakage current reduction over the best known IVC methods with no delay penalty and little area increase; 2) the divide-and-conquer approach outperforms the best pure IVC method by 24% and the existing control point insertion method by 12%; and 3) compared with the leakage achieved by optimal MLV in small circuits, the gate replacement heuristic and the divide-and-conquer approach can reduce on average 13% and 17% leakage, respectively.
Lack of Toll‐like receptor 4 decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced bone resorption in C3H/HeJ mice <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

TLR4 is indispensable for LPS-induced bone resorption in vivo.
Multimodal Document Alignment: towards a Fully- indexed Multimedia Archive* (2007)

This paper presents a multimodal document alignment framework that aims to a cross-indexing of the various documents within multimodal applications (e.g. meetings and lectures). These documents might be either present during the event (e.g. static documents) or generated after the event (e.g. speech transcript). In the current study, three documents types have been considered, static documents, speech transcript and slideshows. This work is an extension of a previous bimodal alignment framework, between static documents and speech transcript of meetings [10]. The obtained results in this paper prove that the slideshows are a considerable alternative for speech recordings to temporally index static documents. Moreover, it is shown that the integration of slideshows has improved and reinforced the bimodal alignment between static documents and speech transcript. Furthermore, several features have been considered and studied in our enhanced alignment framework, such as effect of the TF.IDF metric, the WordNet thesaurus and the noisy speech on our alignment process.