gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telomerase activity in human cancer (1996)

The chromosome ends are specialized nucleoprotein structures called telomeres, which are essential for stable chromosome maintenance. In tumor-derived cell lines telomeres are maintained by the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase. Telomerase activity is repressed in almost all normal human somatic cells. Due to the end replication problem, progressive telomere shortening occurs in normal somatic cells, leading to a limited replicative capacity and eventually resulting in cellular senescence. In the presence of viral oncogenes or some somatic mutations that block cellular senescence, cells continue to divide and telomere erosion continues. This continuing telomere erosion ultimately leads to the activation of telomerase, a necessary event for the sustained growth of most human tumors.
小規模な教育プロジェクトの大学／NGO の協力：ミャンマーの孤児院のための財政支援や生活を向上させます (2015)

Bethel Children’s Home (BCH) is an orphanage, established in 2002 in Myanmar, for orphans, semiorphansfrom underprivileged families, and abandoned children. At the time of initiating this project for BCH, there were 22 children ranging from 5 to 18 years of age living there under the care of house parents. Originally supported by a US aid organization, BCH found it increasingly difficult to operate financially due to the accelerating Myanmar economy driving up the Myanmar currency and commodity prices. Thus, a 5-year project was proposed by the author, in January 2013, to help BCH become financially stable and self-sufficient. The ongoing project entails utilizing the land around BCH for implementing economic activities such as raising milk cows and rubber/fruit plantation. Dairy farming was proposed as a viable option due to the sufficiency of land and the cows providing both fresh milk and a source of income. It was also considered that caring for the animals would be good training and animal\ntherapy for the children. Not least, the animal manure could be used as organic fertilizer for rubber/fruit tree cultivation. An economically and environmentally sustainable combination of longer-term rubber trees with fruit trees was determined and seedlings started. Two years into the project, a small income\nflow has already been generated. In order to ensure the long-term success of the project, BCH personnel are working closely together with committee members and other related persons, including the children themselves, in planning and implementing ongoing project strategies and measures.
Treatment of Brain Tumors with Iridium-192 Seeds (1988)

Interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumors requires positioning of the radioactive sources with good precision in order to achieve a sufficient dose in the tumor without too much damage to surrounding tissues. A method for application of 192Ir seeds in brain tumors is described and preliminary results in seven patients reported. The method, which uses CT-guided stereotactic localization and computerized dose planning, is at present fairly complicated. The preliminary results are promising and no serious complications have so far been observed.
Electron Density Shift in Imidazolium Derivatives upon Complexation with Cucurbit[6]uril (2009)

In this study, we have investigated the supramolecular interaction between series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium guests with variable alkyl substituent lengths and cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) in the solution and the solid state. Correct interpretation of (1)H NMR spectra was a key issue for determining the binding modes of the complexes in solution. Unusual chemical shifts of some protons in the (1)H NMR spectra were explained by the polarization of the imidazolium aromatic ring upon the complexation with the host. The formation of 1:1 complex between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and CB6 is in disagreement with previously reported findings describing an inclusion of two guest molecules in the CB6 cavity.
Harnessing Tumor Mutations for Truly Individualized Cancer Vaccines (2019)

T cells are key effectors of anticancer immunity. They are capable of distinguishing tumor cells from normal ones by recognizing major histocompatibility complex-bound cancer-specific peptides. Accumulating evidence suggests that peptides associated with T cell-mediated tumor rejection arise predominantly from somatically mutated proteins and are unique to every patient's tumor. Knowledge of an individual's cancer mutanome (the entirety of cancer mutations) allows harnessing this enormous tumor cell-specific repertoire of highly immunogenic antigens for individualized cancer vaccines. This review outlines the preclinical and clinical state of individualized cancer vaccine development and the challenges ahead.
Signal Peptides Generated by Attention-Based Neural Networks (2020)

Short (15-30 residue) chains of amino acids at the amino termini of expressed proteins known as signal peptides (SPs) specify secretion in living cells. We trained an attention-based neural network, the Transformer model, on data from all available organisms in Swiss-Prot to generate SP sequences. Experimental testing demonstrates that the model-generated SPs are functional: when appended to enzymes expressed in an industrial <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain, the SPs lead to secreted activity that is competitive with industrially used SPs. Additionally, the model-generated SPs are diverse in sequence, sharing as little as 58% sequence identity to the closest known native signal peptide and 73% ± 9% on average.
Oscillator-based Touch Sensor for Mobile Applications (2012)

In this thesis, an oscillator-based touch sensor system is presented. Existing technologies for touchscreen sensors include resistive, capacitive, infrared, and optical imaging; however, none of them is suited for remote sensing in mobile applications. The goal of this thesis is to explore the implementation of a remote sensor system targeted for mobile applications.The proposed design uses an input-loaded oscillator that senses the ambient capacitance. The variation in ambient capacitance alters the operating frequency of the oscillator. A digital processing unit analyzes the change in frequency, and makes detection based on certain threshold.The design is achieved by 65nm technology, having a core area of 335um x 230um, power consumption of 2.5mW, and runs on a clock frequency of 16MHz. The system's sensitivity is one order of magnitude higher than current touchscreen technologies, requiring a minimum ambient capacitance variation of 50fF.
Photothermal Effect Induced Negative Photoconductivity and High Responsivity in Flexible Black Phosphorus Transistors (2017)

This paper reports negative photoconductivity mechanism in flexible black phosphorus (BP) transistors built on freestanding polyimide film. Near-infrared laser (λ = 830 nm) excitation leads to significantly suppressed device on-state current with a very high responsivity of up to 53 A/W. The underlying mechanism of the negative photoconductivity is attributed to the strong photothermal effect induced by the low thermal conductivity of the polyimide substrate used. The heat generated by the infrared light illumination results in enhanced phonon scattering, reduced carrier mobility, and consequently negative photocurrent. Such a phenomenon was not observed in similar BP devices built on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates whose thermal conductivity is much higher. The above photothermal mechanism is also supported by temperature-dependent electrical characterization and device simulation. Such a flexible BP infrared photodetector with ultrahigh responsivity may find potential applications in future wearable and biointegrated imaging systems.
Richard Irons, M.D. (1948-2002) (2002)

(2002). Richard Irons, M.D. (1948-2002) Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: Vol. 9, No. 2-3, pp. 185-187.
Comparison of primary skunk brain and kidney and raccoon kidney cells with established cell lines for isolation and propagation of street rabies virus (1983)

Cell cultures prepared from skunk kidney, raccoon kidney, and skunk brain were compared with CER, murine neuroblastoma (C1300, clone NA), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21, S-13), and dog kidney (MDCK) cell lines for virus isolation and propagation of street and fixed rabies virus. The skunk brain cells were suitable for efficient replication of all the virus isolates. They were comparable to CER and murine neuroblastoma cells for virus isolation and propagation. None of the other cell cultures was satisfactory. Further work is under way to refine the skunk brain cell cultures.
Identification of heparin‐binding proteins in bovine seminal plasma (1990)

A group of four similar proteins, BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa, represent the major acidic proteins found in bovine seminal plasma (BSP). These proteins are secretory products of the seminal vesicles; they bind to spermatozoa upon ejaculation and could represent decapacitation factors. It has been shown that the glycosaminoglycans present in the female reproductive tract are involved in the capacitation of spermatozoa. Therefore, it was of interest to investigate whether BSP-A1, -A2, -A3, and -30-kDa proteins of bovine seminal fluid interact with heparin. Chromatography of alcohol precipitates of bovine seminal fluid on a heparin-Sepharose column resolved these proteins into three peaks. Peaks 1 and 2 (retarded proteins) were eluted upon extensive washing of the column with 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 (equilibrating buffer), and accounted for approximately 25% of the applied proteins. Proteins in peak 3 represented adsorbed proteins and were eluted with phosphate buffer containing 1 M NaCl. Proteins in each peak were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions. Peak 1 contained proteins with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 350 kDa, peak 2 contained a single protein with a molecular weight of 14 kDa, and peak 3 contained proteins with molecular weights of 15.5, 16, 25, and 30 kDa. The proteins in peak 3 were further resolved into unadsorbed (peak 4) and adsorbed (peak 5) proteins on a gelatin-Agarose column. Separation of the proteins of peak 3 and peak 5 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and reducing agents followed by transfer to nitrocellulose and probing with antibodies against the previously well-characterized BSP proteins indicated the presence of BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immobilization of Catalase Monocrystals on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite by the Growth of Polypyrrole Films for AFM Investigations (2002)

Many crystals of biological macromolecules have been successfully studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze either their topographic structure or their mechanism of crystal growth. Unfortunately, a major problem for this kind of structural investigation, in particular for protein crystals, has been their immobilization to a substrate surface. In this paper, we report how to immobilize catalase monocrystals at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface using polypyrrole films as a conductive cement. AFM coupled with an electrochemical system and optical microscopy techniques were used to monitor the in situ immobilization of a catalase single crystal for future physicochemical and structural investigations on soft biological single crystals. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Staging System to Predict the Risk of Relapse in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (2019)

Over the last decade autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has emerged as the standard of care in the management of Multiple Myeloma (MM). However, the cases of early relapse (within 36 months) after the stem cell rescue remains a significant challenge. For a lot of practical purposes, it is crucial to identify whether a patient undergoing ASCT falls into the high-risk group (likely to relapse within 36 months) or a low risk one. Our analysis showed that existing MM staging systems (International Staging System or ISS and Durie Salmon Staging or DSS) are not sufficient to discriminate between the risk groups significantly. To address this, we gathered a total of 39 clinical and laboratory parameters of 347 patients from the Department of Medical Oncology of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). We employed a stacked machine learning model consisting spectral clustering and Fast and Frugal Tree (FFT) technique to come up with a 3-factor multivariate 2-stage staging scheme, which turns out to be extremely decisive about the outcome of the stem cell rescue. Our model comes up with a three-factor (1. if patients has relapsed following remission, 2. response to induction, 3. pre-transplant Glomerular Filtration Rate or GFR) staging scheme. The resulting model stratifies patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with markedly distinct progression-free (median survival-24 months vs. 91 months) and overall survival (median survival-51 months vs. 135 months) patterns.
Design of high frequency resonant factor correction circuits via input current programmed control schemes (2003)

Three input current programmed control schemes are proposed to design a resonant power factor correction circuit (RPFCC) utilizing current-driven resonant converter topologies. These three control schemes are: constant-on-time, constant-off-time, and hysteretic input current programmed control. It is shown that applications of these control schemes depend on the switching mechanism, (zero current switching, zero voltage switching, and zero voltage resonant transition switching) used in these converters. Design examples as well as experimental results for the first two schemes are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parts per Million Detection of Alcohol Vapors via Metal Organic Framework Functionalized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors (2017)

The development of novel molecular sieves opens opportunities in the development of more sensitive analytical devices. In this paper, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically ZIF-8 and ZIF-93, are grown on fiber optic based surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) sensors. FO-SPR has enabled sensitive sensing capabilities in biomedical settings and the addition of an MOF coating opens the way for the sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gaseous media. FO-SPR probes were homogeneously functionalized with ZIF-8 and ZIF-93 in each case using two different precursor solutions to obtain a sequential nucleation and growth phase. The difference in MOF nucleation and growth kinetics of the two solutions was directly monitored by the FO-SPR system. The two established MOF-FO-SPR sensors were then subjected to sensing experiments with several alcohol vapors to establish their sensing capabilities. Vapors with mPa partial pressures, ppm concentrations, could successfully be detected, e.g., an LOD of 2.5 ppm for methanol detection was acquired. The difference in recognition behavior of the hydrophobic ZIF-8 and more hydrophilic ZIF-93 recognition layers can be exploited to yield qualitative information regarding the vapor composition.
p57<sup>kip2</sup>'s role beyond Schwann cell cycle control (2008)

The p57(kip2) gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that belongs to the Cip/Kip family of negative cell cycle regulators. Recently, experimental evidence emerged that beyond cell cycle control p57(kip2) also regulates a number of different cellular processes. We found that in Schwann cells, these are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, small hairpin RNA dependent suppression of p57(kip2) results in cell cycle exit and the initiation of the cellular differentiation program. Given that Schwann cells were so far regarded as being unable to differentiate in absence of axons, these were unexpected results. We thus concluded that p57(kip2) is not involved in the control of Schwann cell proliferation but is a main intrinsic negative regulator of Schwann cell differentiation. Here we present GeneChip expression data which reveal the extent and complexity of cell cycle related gene regulations in p57(kip2)-suppressed Schwann cells. In addition, we provide experimental evidence that the differentiation promoting effect is at least partially mediated via p57(kip2)/LIMK-1 interactions.
The NeuC Protein of<i>Escherichia coli</i>K1 Is a UDP<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase (2004)

The K1 capsule is an essential virulence determinant of Escherichia coli strains that cause meningitis in neonates. Biosynthesis and transport of the capsule, an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid, are encoded by the 17-kb kps gene cluster. We deleted neuC, a K1 gene implicated in sialic acid synthesis, from the chromosome of EV36, a K-12-K1 hybrid, by allelic exchange. Exogenously added sialic acid restored capsule expression to the deletion strain (DeltaneuC), confirming that NeuC is necessary for sialic acid synthesis. The deduced amino acid sequence of NeuC showed similarities to those of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerases from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The NeuC homologue from serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae complements DeltaneuC. We cloned the neuC gene into an intein expression vector to facilitate purification. We demonstrated by paper chromatography that the purified neuC gene product catalyzed the formation of [2-(14)C]acetamidoglucal and [N-(14)C]acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) from UDP-[(14)C]GlcNAc. The formation of reaction intermediate 2-acetamidoglucal with the concomitant release of UDP was confirmed by proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeuC could not use GlcNAc as a substrate. These data suggest that neuC encodes an epimerase that catalyzes the formation of ManNAc from UDP-GlcNAc via a 2-acetamidoglucal intermediate. The unexpected release of the glucal intermediate and the extremely low rate of ManNAc formation likely were a result of the in vitro assay conditions, in which a key regulatory molecule or protein was absent.
EMI shielding-common problems and containment strategies (1997)

This discussion focuses on the sources and containment strategies for EMI. The operation of all electrical and electronic devices involves the changing of voltage or current levels either intermittently or continuously, sometimes at very fast rates. This results in the development of electro-magnetic energy at discrete frequencies as well as over frequency bands. The circuit will radiate this energy into the surrounding area and also into the wiring emerging along the external power, signal and control lines. It is this electro-magnetic energy which must be contained to meet international standards such as FCC (U.S.) or EC Directive (Europe). A gasket is required when the gaps, slots and holes around the connector/metal plate interface are such that they allow excessive radiation of the internally generated electro-magnetic frequencies, and if such radiation causes the equipment to emit electro-magnetic interference or is susceptible to such interference outside of the permitted levels.
Thick film hydrogen sensor (2023)

A thick film hydrogen sensor element includes an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having deposited thereon a thick film metallization forming at least two resistors. The metallization is a sintered composition of Pd and a sinterable binder such as glass frit. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors.
Design of New Movement Device of Electrical Input in Large Vacuum Coating Equipment (2000)

In this paper, the usual movement devices of electrical input in large vacuum coating equipment are described in detail, and its disadvantages are indicated. Then a new device is designed which can overcome the disadvantages and improve its conductance. It could advance the quality of the coat on large work piece if this device is used.
CO<sub>2</sub>‐dependent metabolic modulation in red blood cells stored under anaerobic conditions (2015)

Maintenance of ATP in the AN[CO2 ] arm demonstrates that ATP production is not solely a function of the pH effect on glycolysis. CO2 in anaerobic storage prevented the maintenance of DPG, and DPG production appears to be pH dependent. CO2 as well as O2 depletion provides metabolic advantage for stored RBCs.
Transformer Memory as a Differentiable Search Index (2022)

In this paper, we demonstrate that information retrieval can be accomplished with a single Transformer, in which all information about the corpus is encoded in the parameters of the model. To this end, we introduce the Differentiable Search Index (DSI), a new paradigm that learns a text-to-text model that maps string queries directly to relevant docids; in other words, a DSI model answers queries directly using only its parameters, dramatically simplifying the whole retrieval process. We study variations in how documents and their identifiers are represented, variations in training procedures, and the interplay between models and corpus sizes. Experiments demonstrate that given appropriate design choices, DSI significantly outperforms strong baselines such as dual encoder models. Moreover, DSI demonstrates strong generalization capabilities, outperforming a BM25 baseline in a zero-shot setup.
Partially Nondestructive Continuous Detection of Individual Traveling Optical Photons (2016)

We report the continuous and partially nondestructive measurement of optical photons. For a weak light pulse traveling through a slow-light optical medium (signal), the associated atomic-excitation component is detected by another light beam (probe) with the aid of an optical cavity. We observe strong correlations of g_{sp}^{(2)}=4.4(5) between the transmitted signal and probe photons. The observed (intrinsic) conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency ranges between 13% and 1% (65% and 5%) for a signal transmission range of 2% to 35%, at a typical time resolution of 2.5 μs. The maximal observed (intrinsic) device nondestructive quantum efficiency, defined as the product of the conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency and the signal transmission, is 0.5% (2.4%). The normalized cross-correlation function violates the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, confirming the nonclassical character of the correlations.