gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Image Compression by Bijection (2002)

A new approach to multichannel image compression is introduced where the intra- and cross-band correlations are jointly exploited in a surprisingly simple yet very effective manner. The key component of the algorithm is a bijection mapping of the original multichannel image into a virtual two-dimensional (2-D) scalar image. By optimally mapping the multichannel image set into a 2-D array and by subsequently applying a scalar image coding algorithm, the spatial correlation and the spectral correla- tion of the multichannel data set are jointly exploited. Based on the statistical characteristics of the multichannel data, the bijection mapping can be optimized to minimize the distortion introduced by the compression algorithm. The optimization reduces to the maximization of a function of the second-order statistics of the multichannel data. At high compression rates, the new algorithm outperforms traditional compression algorithms whenever the cross-band correlation is high and it yields comparable perfor- mance at low compression rates.
Phosphorus Recovery from Poultry Litter (2008)

Land application of large amounts of poultry litter is an environmental concern often associated to excess phosphorus (P) in soils and potential pollution of water resources. Recovery of P from poultry litter waste is an attractive approach when on-farm application of poultry litter is not an option. A treatment process, called quick wash, was developed for extraction and recovery of P from poultry litter and animal manure solids. The quick wash process consists of three consecutive steps: (1) P extraction, (2) P recovery, and (3) P recovery enhancement. In step 1, organically bound P is converted to soluble P by rapid hydrolysis reactions using selected mineral or organic acids. This step also releases P from insoluble inorganic phosphate complexes. The washed litter residue is subsequently separated from the liquid extract and dewatered; unnecessary carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformations are prevented by dewatering the residue. In step 2, P is precipitated by addition of lime to the liquid extract to form an alkaline earth metal-containing P product. In step 3, an organic poly-electrolyte is added to enhance the P grade of the product. This approach of extracting and recovering P from poultry litter using the quick wash process produces a final P product that can be reused as fertilizer. In addition, the remaining washed solid residue has a more balanced N to P (N:P) ratio that is more environmentally safe for land application and use by crops. As an alternative, washed poultry litter residue can be used for energy production or reutilized as bedding, especially in areas where bedding material is in short supply.
On-line handwriting recognition using continuous parameter hidden Markov models (1993)

The problem of the automatic recognition of handwritten text is addressed. The text to be recognized is captured online and the temporal sequence of the data is presented. The approach is based on a left-to-right hidden markov model (HMM) for each character that models the dynamics of the written script. A mixture of Gaussian distributions is used to represent the output probabilities at each arc of the HMM. Several strategies for reestimating the model parameters are discussed. Experiments show that this approach results in significant decreases in error rate for the recognition of discretely written characters compared with elastic matching techniques. The HMM outperforms the elastic matching technique for both writer-dependent and writer-independent recognition tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of the chromosomal location and genomic structure of the Hedgehog-Interacting Protein gene, and analysis of its role in Holoprosencephaly (2000)

Hedgehog-Interacting Protein (HIP) is a novel component of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Recently, defects in this pathway have been shown to cause holoprosencephaly (HPE), which is the most common birth defect of the brain and face in humans. In animal models knockout mice with homozygous null mutations for Shh displayed abnormalities consistent with HPE. Hip has been shown to function as a co-receptor and attenuate Hedgehog signaling by cell-surface binding of the Hedgehog protein and is hypothesized to act as part of a negative regulatory feedback loop. Although Hip is an important factor in the Shh signaling pathway, its potential role in HPE had not been examined in humans. Here, we report the complete gene structure of the human HIP gene and present its mutational analysis in HPE patients. No mutations were found either in the entire coding region or 1 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site (representing the putative promotor) suggesting this gene may not be involved in HPE pathogenesis.
Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. I. Identification and purification of three major antigens, and the employment of radioimmunoassay for their further characterization. (1976)

A cell-mediated immunologic granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs is now generally accepted as being responsible for the hepatosplenic disease of chronic schistosomiasis. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a soluble extract of S. mansoni eggs (SEA) both induces and elicits granulomatous hypersensitivity and other forms of cell-mediated immunologic reactivity. Mice with chronic light S. amnsoni infections show spontaneous suppression of granulomatous hypersensitivity in the presence of high levels of anti-SEA antibodies. Immunodiffusion analysis using antiserum obtained from these mice and SEA resulted in the identification of three major serologic antigens which have been designated MSA1, MSA2, and MSA2. Initial studies with Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the three antigens were markedly different in m.w. and at least two of the three were glycoproteins. The antigens were then extracted from crude SEA by adsorption to a concanavalin A Sepharose affininity column. The eluted antigens were separated from each other by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) MSA1 and MSA2 were homogenous; MSA3 was estimated to be 70% pure. The purified antigens were radiolabeled and were passed through Sephadex G-200 or Bio-Gel A 1.5 columns to determine their m.w. These studies have shown that MSA1 and MSA2 are glycoproteins of m.w. 137,000 and 465,000 daltons, respectively; the m.w. of MSA3 is in the range of 50,000 to 70,000 daltons. PAGE of the purified antigens revealed the following R.F.s: MSA1=0.34, MSA2=0.20, and MSA3=0.48. MSA1 and MSA2 were employed in radioimmunoassays using the ammonium sulfate method of Farr. On the basis of immunodiffusion analysis and radioimmunoassay, MSA1 exhibits a degree of stage and species specificity consistent with the granulomatous response to S. mansoni eggs. The potential specificity of the MSA1 radioimmunoassay and its great sensitivity suggest a role in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.
Lactone Pathway to Statins Utilizing the Wittig Reaction. The Synthesis of Rosuvastatin (2010)

The first entry to statins via lactonized side chain is reported, exemplified by the synthesis of rosuvastatin. The key step is Wittig coupling of (2S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde and phosphonium salt of an appropriately functionalized pyrimidine heterocycle. One-pot deprotection and hydrolysis of the resulting 4-O-TBS rosuvastatin lactone provided rosuvastatin in high yield.
Scattering-phase theorem (2011)

We derive two mathematical relations between quantitative phase images of thin slices of inhomogeneous media and the scattering parameters of the bulk, i.e., scattering mean free path, l(s), and anisotropy factor, g. The l(s) turns out to be inversely proportional to the spatial variance of the phase shift, and g is related to the variance of the phase gradient. These formulas, referred collectively to as the scattering-phase theorem, allow for extracting l(s) and g in a spatially resolved manner and across an entire tissue section, that is, mapping large cross sections of tissues in terms of l(s) and g.
Solvent system for effective near-term production of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with potential for long-term process improvement (2019)

A process that upgrades biomass-derived sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a value-added platform molecule, is presented. The proposed process is ideally suited for integration with the current HFCS process and has the potential for long-term process improvement.
Human Papillomaviruses Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (1992)

All together, 30 genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been characterized so far. To evaluate the importance of HPV diversity in associated cervical diseases, we analyzed 188 biopsy specimens obtained from patients with a recent diagnosis of cervical HPV infection or intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Of these 188 specimens, 116 were classified as low-grade CIN (48 cases), high-grade CIN (53 cases), condylomata acuminata (10 cases), flat condylomas (five cases). Seventy-two specimens were considered nondiagnostic. Using probes specific for 18 genital HPV types, HPV DNA sequences were detected by Southern blot hybridization in 100 lesions and 21 nondiagnostic specimens. When further analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction, eight HPV-negative biopsy specimens, four CIN, and four nondiagnostic specimens were positive. Of the 129 positive biopsy specimens, 92 contained at least one of 18 known HPV types and 37 HPV that have not yet been identified. Nine specimens had more than one type. Thirteen HPV types were identified in CIN. The detection rate of HPV 16 increased from 21% in low-grade CIN to 57% in high-grade CIN. HPV 18 was detected in only 3% of CIN; HPV 31, 33, and 35 were found in 8%. HPV 30, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 61 were detected in 44% of low-grade CIN but in only 8% of high-grade CIN. Unidentified HPV were detected in about 25% of low-grade and high-grade CIN. Fifty-seven CIN positive for at least one HPV type were further analyzed by in situ hybridization. Thirty-five (65%) biopsy specimens were positive, including 21 of 24 low-grade CIN and 14 of 33 high-grade CIN. Ten of the 13 previously identified HPV types were detected. Thus, CIN represents an heterogeneous disease from a virologic viewpoint. This fact could explain their variable clinical evolution.
Characterisation and simulation of an active microvalve for glaucoma (2011)

Glaucoma drainage device (GDD) has the potential to eliminate hypotony but still suffers from poor flow control and fibrosis. The ideal shunt should change its hydraulic resistance to achieve the desired intraocular pressure (IOP). In this study, the characterisation of a preliminary design of a new GDD is presented. This is activated by means of a diaphragm, which is actuated by conducting polymers. The valve can be manufactured employing microelectromechanical system technology by soft lithography. The characterisation process is performed by numerical simulation using the finite element method, considering the coupling between the fluid and the structure (diaphragm) obtaining the hydraulic resistance for several positions of the diaphragm. To analyse the hydraulic system of the microvalve implanted in a human eye, an equivalent circuit model was used. The parameters of the equivalent circuit model were obtained from numerical simulation. The hydraulic resistance of the designed GDD varies in the range of 13.08-0.36 mmHg min/μl compared with 3.38-0.43 mmHg min/μl for the Ahmed valve. The maximum displacement of the diaphragm in the vertical direction is 18.9 μm, and the strain in the plane is 2%. The proposed preliminary design allows to control the IOP by varying the hydraulic resistance in a greater range than the existing passive valves, and the numerical simulation facilitates the characterisation and the improvement of the design before its construction, reducing time and costs.
Miniature Monolithic Rectilinear Ion Trap Arrays by Stereolithography on Printed Circuit Board (2010)

This paper reports the creation and characterization of monolithic arrays of miniature rectilinear ion traps (RIT) with common electronic packaging materials. Miniature ion traps benefit from a lower operating voltage as their dimensions decrease. Their integration into circuit board materials facilitates smaller and more integrated sensor systems. Arrays of ion traps provide a larger ion trap storage volume to increase sensitivity lost from size reduction. A new technique, integrating stereolithography-produced ion traps on planar rigid substrates, makes possible the 3-D isolation techniques for more complex monolithic structures. A description of the fabrication process is included. Performance-limiting metrics of the mass analyzer, such as geometrical and electrical deviations, are analyzed to determine their magnitudes for design improvement. The integration of the array with the PCB replaces complex wiring schemes with traces routed within existing multilayer substrates. The substrate can serve as the integration platform for an entire mass spectrometer in a package.
Halbach Magnet Array Based Focusing Actuator for Small Form Factor Optical Storage Device (2005)

The small form factor optical data storage devices are developing rapidly nowadays. Since it has to be designed to have portability and to have compatibility with flash memory, its components such as disk, head, focusing actuator, and spindle motor should be assembled within 5 mm thickness. In case of focusing actuator, since the thickness is limited tightly, Halbach magnet array is adopted to increase the magnetic flux of one side without yoke . The proposed Halbach array type focusing actuator has the advantage of thin actuation structure without more sacrificing flux density than conventional magnetic array. The optical head unit is moved on the swing arm type tracking actuator. Focusing coil is attached to swing arm, and Halbach magnet array is positioned at the bottom of deck along the tracking line, and focusing actuator exerts force by the Fleming’s left hand rule. The working range and resolution of focusing actuator are analyzed with FEM and experimentally performed.
Spatial distribution of mask-scattered electrons through scattering stencil mask (2003)

Electron-beam (EB) projection methods, such as SCALPEL and PREVAIL are among the candidates for next generation lithography. In these methods, EB masks are used to gain high throughput of the exposure systems. Absorber or scatterer combining with opening or membrane of those masks are structured to produce an image contrast on the wafer.
Dynamic load balancing in distributed heterogeneous computer systems (2015)

This thesis presents a study of load-balancing in a distributed system consisting of a number of heterogeneous hosts connected by a local area network. We motivate resource sharing by investigating imbalance and find that the probability of uneven loading is high for large systems under moderate load.
In order to be able to evaluate alternate load sharing schemes, an approximate queueing technique, the decoupled iterative technique, is proposed. This methodology determines the mean response time performance of large networks with heterogeneous interactive queues. To illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique, we include simple solutions for several complicated examples. A GPSS/PC simulation is used to validate our approximate technique. Another validation method used is comparison with known solutions to special cases.
We propose a new dynamic load-balancing scheme, called the enhanced receiver-initiated dynamic algorithm (ERIDA). The impact of the communication overhead is discussed. We also propose another effective scheme for load balancing, a two-mode dynamic algorithm (TMDA). The performance profile of this algorithm shows that this algorithm has better delay performance in the medium-to-high load range than either the sender-initiated scheme or the receiver initiated scheme. The iterative modelling technique and extensive simulation are applied to the two new load-balancing schemes to evaluate the mean response time performance. (Copies available exclusively from Micrographics Department, Doheny Library, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182.)
Application of a Luminous Bacterium to Fish-attracting Purpose (1980)

In order to apply the bioluminescence of luminous bacteria to finshing industry, studies on the attracting effect of a luminous material containing immobilized luminous cells and a luminous raw bait attached with luminous cells on various kinds of fish were carried out. Water tank experiments showed that the luminous material had an attracting effect on freshwater shrimp Palaemon paucidens, but on the contrary, apparent evading effect on parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fishing ground experiments revealed that the luminous material had an attracting effect on king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus caught with a trap, squid as well as prawn Penaeus orientalis caught by trawl fishing, neither and attracting nor an evading effect on crab Chionoecetes opilio caught with a trap, and a distinct evading effect on shrimp Pandalus borealis caught with a trap. Fishing guound experiments also showed that the luminous raw bait attached with luminous cells had a tremendous effect on bottom fishing by which grunt, gopher, dorado, scorpionfish, mullet, flatfish and shark were caught, and the number of caught fish was 4.8 times larger than that of the control. In addition, the luminous raw bait seemed to have some attracting effect on tuna caught with tuna long lines and the number of caught tuna was 1.2 times larger than of the control.
DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE USING SULFONATED POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE) RANDOM COPOLYMERS AS ELECTROLYTES (2001)

No abstract prepared.
Single superconducting thin film devices for applications in high T/sub c/ materials circuits (1989)

The authors investigated several different devices based on regions of weak superconductivity and multiple parallel links in thin films. Devices were fabricated with Nb and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films. Hysteretic symmetric and asymmetric I-V (current-voltage) curves have been observed. Flux flow was indicated. Device switching properties and the dependence of the flux-flow signature in the I-V curve on applied magnetic field were explored. Contrary to vortex flow devices based on Josephson junctions, the devices described here do not possess a tunnelling barrier and are made of only a single superconducting layer. Hence they should be applicable to electronic circuits based on high-T/sub c/ superconducting materials without the need for tunnel junctions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Nonequilibrium Capillary Electrophoresis of Equilibrium Mixtures for the Determination of Temperature in Capillary Electrophoresis (2004)

Until now, all methods for temperature sensing in capillary electrophoresis (CE) relied on molecular probes with temperature-dependent spectral/optical properties. Here we introduce a nonspectroscopic approach to determining temperature in CE. It is based on measuring a temperature-dependent rate constant of complex dissociation by means of a kinetic CE method known as nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM). Conceptually, a calibration curve of "the rate constant versus temperature" is built using NECEEM and a CE instrument with a reliable temperature control or, alternatively, a nonelectrophoretic method, such as surface plasmon resonance. The calibration curve is then used to find the temperature during CE in the same buffer but with another CE apparatus or under otherwise different conditions (cooling efficiency, length and diameter of the capillary, electrical field, etc.). In this proof-of-principle work, we used the dissociation of a protein-DNA complex to demonstrate that the NECEEM-based temperature determination method allows for temperature determination in CE with a precision of 2 degrees C. Then, we applied the NECEEM-based temperature determination method to study heat dissipation efficiency in CE instruments with active and passive cooling of the capillary. The nonspectroscopic nature of the method makes it potentially applicable to nonspectroscopic detection schemes, e.g. electrochemical detection. A "kinetic probe" can be coloaded into the capillary along with a sample for in situ temperature measurements. Higher order chemical reactions can also be used for temperature sensing, provided a kinetic CE method for measuring a corresponding rate constant is available.
Capacitive-Link Universal Converters with Low Voltage Stress and High Switching Frequency (2018)

Capacitive-link universal converters are a relatively new class of single-stage power converters that can transfer power from any type of source (dc, single-phase ac, or three-phase ac) to any type of load. These converters offer numerous advantages including high reliability, due to using small film capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors, high power density, due to possibility of using integrated high frequency transformers instead of bulky low frequency transformers when isolation is needed, and high efficiency, due to possibility of having zero current turn-on and turn-off for all switches. The main drawbacks of the capacitive-link universal converters are high voltage stress across the switches as well as limited range of switching frequency at low power levels. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed for addressing these two limitations. The proposed method allows the link voltage, which varies between 0 and a peak value in conventional control approach of these converters, to have a flexible non-zero minimum voltage. This flexible minimum voltage acts as an additional degree of freedom for design and control of this converter, and allows minimizing the voltage stress of the switches and increasing the switching frequency at low power levels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments in this paper.
Real-Time Auto Stylized Sand Art Drawing (2013)

We propose a new method for auto stylized sand art drawing. Our system is built on top of our sand drawing system which is mixed with a particle system and a height map. An image is input and the patterns of the image is analyzed. The contours of the image are computed and they are converted into strokes. In sand art drawing, artists can use multiple fingers to draw the strokes which are symmetric or parallel at the same time. Our system detects such strokes and groups them according to geometric rules. After analyzing the image and collecting a set of strokes, we enter the drawing stage. In the drawing stage, our system automatically performs sand spilling, drawing strokes, leaking, erosion, pinch spilling and pinch erosion.
An engineered solvent system for sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass using biomass derived γ-valerolactone (2016)

We demonstrate the design of a solvent system for efficient production and enhanced separation of carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass.