gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance thermosets from a curable Diels–Alder polymer possessing benzoxazine groups in the main chain (2008)

Abstract A high‐molecular‐weight polymer (PBz) possessing reactive benzoxazine groups in the main chain was prepared through the Diels–Alder reaction using bis(3‐furfuryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)isopropane (BPA‐FBz) and bismaleimide (BMI) as monomers. The chemical structure of PBz is characterized with FTIR and 1 H NMR. The polymer PBz was further thermally reacted with a high performance polymer (PBz‐R) through the ring‐opening addition reaction of benzoxazine groups and the addition reaction of maleimide groups. PBz‐R exhibit a high glass transition temperature of 242 °C, good thermal stability, high flame retardancy, high mechanical strength, and great flexibility. Another crosslinked polymer (PBz‐BR) curing from the mixture of BPA‐FBz and BMI was also prepared. The properties of PBz‐BR are also attractive but, however, not as good as what observed with PBz‐R. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6509–6517, 2008
Suppressed expression of tubedown-1 in retinal neovascularization of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. (2001)

High levels of expression of tbdn-1 are associated with ocular endothelial homeostasis in adults. Conversely, low levels of tbdn-1 expression are associated with endothelial capillary outgrowth in vitro and retinal neovascularization in vivo. Because the tbdn-1 acetyltransferase subunit is a member of a family of regulatory enzymes that are known to control a range of processes, including cell growth and differentiation, through posttranslational modification, the current results support a hypothesis that tbdn-1 may be involved in maintaining homeostasis and preventing retinal neovascularization.
A terahertz polarization insensitive dual band metamaterial absorber (2011)

Metamaterial absorbers have attracted considerable attention for applications in the terahertz range. In this Letter, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a terahertz dual band metamaterial absorber that shows two distinct absorption peaks with high absorption. By manipulating the periodic patterned structures as well as the dielectric layer thickness of the metal-dielectric-metal structure, significantly high absorption can be obtained at specific resonance frequencies. Finite-difference time-domain modeling is used to design the structure of the absorber. The fabricated devices have been characterized using a Fourier transform IR spectrometer. The experimental results show two distinct absorption peaks at 2.7 and 5.2 THz, which are in good agreement with the simulation. The absorption magnitudes at 2.7 and 5.2 THz are 0.68 and 0.74, respectively.
Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold (2015)

Tissue engineering has been explored as an alternative strategy for the treatment of critical-sized cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. Essential to the success of this approach is a scaffold that is able to conformally fit within an irregular defect while also having the requisite biodegradability, pore interconnectivity and bioactivity. By nature of their shape recovery and fixity properties, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds could achieve defect “self-fitting.” In this way, following exposure to warm saline (~60 ºC), the SMP scaffold would become malleable, permitting it to be hand-pressed into an irregular defect. Subsequent cooling (~37 ºC) would return the scaffold to its relatively rigid state within the defect. To meet these requirements, this protocol describes the preparation of SMP scaffolds prepared via the photochemical cure of biodegradable polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCL-DA) using a solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) method. A fused salt template is utilized to achieve pore interconnectivity. To realize bioactivity, a polydopamine coating is applied to the surface of the scaffold pore walls. Characterization of self-fitting and shape memory behaviors, pore interconnectivity and in vitro bioactivity are also described.
Effect of phospholipase A2inhibitory peptide on inflammatory arthritis in a TNF transgenic mouse model: a time-course ultrastructural study (2004)

We evaluated the therapeutic effect of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-inhibitory peptide at a cellular level on joint erosion, cartilage destruction, and synovitis in the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transgenic mouse model of arthritis. Tg197 mice (N = 18) or wild-type (N = 10) mice at 4 weeks of age were given intraperitoneal doses (7.5 mg/kg) of a selective sPLA2 inhibitory peptide, P-NT.II, or a scrambled P-NT.II (negative control), three times a week for 4 weeks. Untreated Tg197 mice (N = 10) were included as controls. Pathogenesis was monitored weekly for 4 weeks by use of an arthritis score and histologic examinations. Histopathologic analysis revealed a significant reduction after P-NT.II treatment in synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage destruction in particular. Conspicuous ultrastructural alterations seen in articular chondrocytes (vacuolated cytoplasm and loss of nuclei) and synoviocytes (disintegrating nuclei and vacuoles, synovial adhesions) of untreated or scrambled-P-NT.II-treated Tg197 mice were absent in the P-NT.II-treated Tg197 group. Histologic scoring and ultrastructural evidence suggest that the chondrocyte appears to be the target cell mainly protected by the peptide during arthritis progression in the TNF transgenic mouse model. This is the first time ultrastructural evaluation of this model has been presented. High levels of circulating sPLA2 detected in untreated Tg197 mice at age 8 weeks of age were reduced to basal levels by the peptide treatment. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide- and TNF-induced release of prostaglandin E2 from cultured macrophage cells by P-NT.II suggests that the peptide may influence the prostaglandin-mediated inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis by limiting the bioavailability of arachidonic acid through sPLA2 inhibition.
Dry mechanochemical synthesis of alane from LiH and AlCl<sub>3</sub> (2014)

A mechanochemical process for the synthesis of alane (AlH3) starting from lithium hydride (LiH) and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) at room temperature and the underlying reaction pathway have been studied. In contrast to a conventional process using the same two reactants dissolved in diethyl ether, our approach enables a solvent-free synthesis, thereby directly leading to adduct-free alane. The method described here is quick and efficient, resulting in the quantitative conversion of all aluminium in the starting mixture to alane. Both the intermediate compounds formed during the reaction and the final products have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state (27)Al NMR spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption analysis of the as-milled mixtures. We show that excess LiH in the starting mixture (with an optimal ratio of 9LiH : 1AlCl3) is essential for the formation and stability of Al-H bonds, initially in the form of alanates and, eventually, as alane. Further processing of this mixture, gradually adding AlCl3 to reach the ideal 3LiH : 1AlCl3 stoichiometry, appears to restrict the local accumulation of AlCl3 during the ball-milling process, thereby preventing the formation of unstable intermediates that decompose to metallic Al and molecular hydrogen. We also demonstrate that under the milling conditions used, a moderate hydrogen pressure of ca. 300 bar is required to suppress competing reactions that lead to the formation of metallic Al at room temperature. The identification of the reaction intermediates at each stage of the synthesis provides significant insight into the mechanism of this solid-state reaction, which may potentially afford a more rational approach toward the production of AlH3 in a simple solvent-free process.
Polymer-Cement Composites with Self-Healing Ability for Geothermal and Fossil Energy Applications (2017)

Sealing of wellbores in geothermal and tight oil/gas reservoirs by filling the annulus with cement is a well-established practice. Failure of the cement as a result of physical and/or chemical stress is a common problem with serious environmental and financial consequences. Numerous alternative cement blends have been proposed for the oil and gas industry. Most of these possess poor mechanical properties, or are not designed to work in high temperature environments. This work reports on a novel polymer-cement composite with remarkable self-healing ability that maintains the required properties of typical wellbore cements and may be stable at most geothermal temperatures. We combine for the first time experimental analysis of physical and chemical properties with density functional theory simulations to evaluate cement performance. The thermal stability and mechanical strength are attributed to the formation of a number of chemical interactions between the polymer and cement matrix including covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Self-healing was demonstrated by sealing fractures with 0.3–0.5 mm apertures, 2 orders of magnitude larger than typical wellbore fractures. This polymer-cement composite represents a major advance in wellbore cementing that could improve the environmental safety and economics of enhanced geothermal energy and tight oil/gas production.
Measurements of Compositional Change in Semi-Insulating GaAs Single Crystals by Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements (1985)

Precise lattice parameter measurements have been made for semi-insulating GaAs, and it is found that the lattice parameters vary greatly (order of 10 -4 Å) among GaAs wafers and in a wafer. This variation of lattice parameter is closely related to the threshold voltage of the FETs, which are made by direct ion implantation on the crystal. The change of the lattice constant is probably caused by the interstitial As atoms, and a slight change of crystal growth condition may cause its variation in the wafer. Variation of the As concentration affects the threshold voltage of MESFETs when they are made by direct ion implantation.
Ferroelectric capacitor nondestructive readout memory (1995)

Abstract An infinite nondestructive read memory (NDRO) has been developed using a ferroelectric capacitor memory unit cell, the capacitance differential observed between a fully and partially polarized capacitor, a two transistor/two capacitor architecture and a modified latch sense amplifier.
Portable multi-dimensional gas chromatography device for rapid field analysis of chemical compounds (2017)

We report the progress made in the past few years in the development of a high performance portable multidimensional gas chromatography (GC) device that is capable of rapidly analyzing a large number of compounds with high sensitivity. We discuss the multi-dimensional GC architecture and its components, followed by a few field analysis examples using our portable GC devices.
Abstract 748: Non-internalizing site-specific antibody-drug conjugates based on maytansinoids display curative properties (2018)

Abstract Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are highly potent biopharmaceuticals that use the targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies to selectively bind to tumor cells where the conjugated cancer drug is released. Traditionally, the anticancer efficacy of ADCs relies on their selective internalization by cancer cells. However, it has recently been shown that non-internalizing, linkerless ADCs targeting the tumor extracellular environment can display a potent therapeutic activity. LGALS3BP (aka Mac-2 BP or 90K) represents an appealing target for non-internalizing ADC development, as the protein is largely secreted by the majority of human tumors, while being virtually undetectable in normal adult tissues except for the prostate and the colorectum. Additionally, once secreted the protein stops from spreading and clusters on the plasma membrane where it binds to some endogenous ligands. Here, we show that an engineered variant of the humanized 1959 antibody to human LGALS3BP selectively localizes around the tumor cells and once site-specifically coupled to the maytansinoid drugs DM3 or DM4 by means of disulfide linker can display a potent therapeutic activity. Both the 1959sss-DM3 and -DM4 conjugates mediated potent antitumor activity in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. Quantitative biodistribution studies confirmed a preferential accumulation of 1959sss-DM3 and -DM4 conjugates around the tumor cells. Notably, we found that both conjugates were well tolerated and cured 100% of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for curative non-internalizing ADC endowed with an innovative mechanism of action. Citation Format: Gianluca Sala, Emily Capone, Enza Piccolo, Sara Ponziani, Roberta Gentile, Rodolfo Ippoliti, Francesco Giansanti, Stefano Iacobelli. Non-internalizing site-specific antibody-drug conjugates based on maytansinoids display curative properties [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 748.
Discovery and optimization of non-steroidal FXR agonists from natural product-like librariesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: schemes describing the synthesis of compounds in Fig. 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. All final compounds were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and HRMS are available on request. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b3/b300525a/ (2003)

The efficient regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, metabolism, acquisition, and transport is an essential component of lipid homeostasis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a transcriptional sensor for bile acids, the primary product of cholesterol metabolism. Accordingly, the development of potent, selective, small molecule agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of FXR would be an important step in further deconvoluting FXR physiology. Herein, we describe the development of four novel classes of potent FXR activators originating from natural product-like libraries. Initial screening of a 10,000-membered, diversity-orientated library of benzopyran containing small molecules for FXR activation utilizing a cell-based reporter assay led to the identification of several lead compounds possessing low micromolar activity (EC50's = 5-10 microM). These compounds were systematically optimized employing parallel solution-phase synthesis and solid-phase synthesis to provide four classes of compounds that potently activate FXR. Two series of compounds, bearing stilbene or biaryl moieties, contain members that are the most potent FXR agonists reported to date in cell-based assays. These compounds may find future utility as chemical tools in studies aimed at further defining the physiological role of FXR and discovering potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases linked to cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and homeostasis.
A high‐speed integrated renderer for interpreting multiple 3D volume data (1992)

Abstract This paper proposes an integrated rendering algorithm for visualizing 3D volumetric and geometric data, such as surfaces, lines and points, simultaneously with depth information, and other algorithms for improving the performance of the rendering process of the first. The first algorithm extends a volume rendering algorithm based on ray‐tracing so that it can handle both 3D volumetric and geometric data. It processes these data in accordance with their original representation formats to eliminate conversion artefacts such as spurious or missing surfaces, and also gives special treatment to volume segments so as to avoid errors in visibility at the intersections between volume segments and geometric data. The other algorithms employ adaptive termination of ray‐tracing, elimination of rays that do not intersect the volume, and adaptive undersampling over an image plane. These improve the performance by three to seven times over the brute‐force approach. The cost and versatility of the algorithm are evaluated by using data from the results of 3D computational fluid dynamics.
<b>Elastographic Measurement of the Area and Volume of Thermal Lesions Resulting from Radiofrequency Ablation:</b> Pathologic Correlation (2003)

We found excellent correlation between the measurements of the dimensions, areas, and volumes of thermal lesions that were based on elastographic images and the measurements that were based on digitized pathologic images. When compared with digitized pathologic measurements, elastographic measurements showed a tendency to slightly underestimate both the areas and volumes of lesions. Nevertheless, elastography is a reliable technique for delineating thermal lesions resulting from radiofrequency ablation.
Dynamic fiber loop-mirror-filter (LMF) based on pump-induced saturable gain or absorber gratings (2003)

We present a novel optically tunable, all-fiber narrowband filter based on saturable gain or absorber gratings in a loop mirror. The loop mirror provides built-in interferometric phase alignment between the signal and grating for optimal bandpass or notch MHz to GHz regimes.
Luminescence in crosslinked polyethylene of high voltage cables (2002)

Luminescence can occur in crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) of underground high voltage cables. Above room temperature XLPE emits thermoluminescence even without voltage application and the intensity of this light depends on the concentration of the crosslinking by-products present in the polymer. Above a certain threshold voltage XLPE, at or above room temperature, emits electroluminescence and the inception voltage of electroluminescence is the threshold voltage at which the polymer starts to degrade. While the spectra of electroluminescence are in the visible and ultraviolet ranges that of thermoluminescence are only in the visible range.
Overview of a professional tooth-whitening system containing 6.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips. (2002)

Professionally dispensed, at-home tooth whitening began with 10% carbamide peroxide gels applied to the dentition with custom-made trays. In the 1990s, higher-concentration carbamide peroxide gels were introduced to achieve faster results. Today, 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide gels are commonly used. Recently, a new vital tooth-whitening technique that uses a flexible strip rather than a tray to apply a 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel was introduced. The new strip-based product was shown to provide whitening equivalent to a 10% carbamide peroxide tray with half the wear time. In addition, the strip eliminated the need to custom fabricate trays for each patient. This article provides an overview of a professionally distributed strip-based whitening system and reviews some of the clinical data which supports the efficacy of the product. This new whitening system includes 42 mandibular and 42 maxillary strips at a higher concentration of 6.5% hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the system also includes a novel dual-action whitening dentifrice to prevent future staining postbleaching and an extrasoft toothbrush. Clinically, the professionally distributed strip-based whitening system provided 96% more efficacy than a popular carbamide plus hydrogen peroxide (equivalent to 10% carbamide peroxide) tray system and 52% more whitening than the 5.3% hydrogen peroxide strip system.
Noise Driven Coupled Dynamic Systems–Towards Low Power Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (2023)

<p>Coupled dynamical systems, especially those comprised of hysteretic elements, possess remarkable behavioral similarities to some aspects of neural activity in living systems. While some features of this similarity have been explored, the results have not yet been leveraged to improve machine learning techniques or artificial neural networks. In this work, a dynamical system of coupled overdamped bistable elements subject to a noise floor assists in information transfer. With the noise allowing the system elements to switch randomly between their stable states, the system response is quantified via a steady state probability distribution. A simple five element realization of this network is used to produce the analog equivalent of an XOR gate, an “XOR transform”, through the proper choice of coupling coefficients and controllable external biases. The demonstration of the XOR transform indicates the ability of the system to synthesize more general functions, a necessary prerequisite for machine learning and computing applications. Finally, a silicon implementation is proposed and simulated using a verified process model that could be fabricated to generate a working analog computing system.</p>
Characterization of the SarA virulence gene regulator of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

Staphylococcus aureus is a potent human pathogen that expresses a large number of virulence factors in a temporally regulated fashion. Two pleiotropically acting regulatory loci were identified in previous mutational studies. The agr locus comprises two operons that express a quorum‐sensing system from the P2 promoter and a regulatory RNA molecule from the P3 promoter. The sar locus encodes a DNA‐binding protein that activates the expression of both agr operons. We have cloned the sarA gene, expressed SarA in Escherichia coli and purified the recombinant protein to apparent homogeneity. The purified protein was found to be dimeric in the presence and absence of DNA and to consist mostly of α‐helices. DNase I footprinting of SarA on the putative regulatory region cis to the agr promoters revealed three high‐affinity binding sites composed of two half‐sites each. Quantitative electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to derive equilibrium binding constants (K D ) for the interaction of SarA with these binding sites. An unusual ladder banding pattern was observed in EMSA with a large DNA fragment including all three binding sites. Our data indicate that SarA regulation of the agr operons involves binding to multiple half‐sites and may involve other sites located downstream of the promoters.
Collisional activation with random noise in ion trap mass spectrometry (1992)

Random noise applied to the end caps of a quadrupole ion trap is shown to be an effective means for the collisional activation of trapped ions independent of mass/charge ratio and number of ions. This technique is compared and contrasted with conventional single-frequency collisional activation for the molecular ion of N,N-dimethylaniline, protonated cocaine, the molecular anion of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and doubly pronated neuromedin U-8. Collisional activation with noise tends to produce more extensive fragmentation than the conventional approach due to the fact that product ions are also kinetically excited in the noise experiment. The efficiency of the noise experiment in producing detectable product ions relative to the conventional approach ranges from being equivalent to being a factor of 3 less efficient. Furthermore, discrimination against low mass/charge product ions is apparent in the data from multiply charged biomolecules. Nevertheless, collisional activation with random noise provides a very simple means for overcoming problems associated with the dependence of single-frequency collisional activation on mass/charge ratio and the number of ions in the ion trap.