gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESD protection design to overcome internal damages on interface circuits of CMOS IC with multiple separated power pins (2003)

This paper reports a real case for ESD level improvement on a CMOS IC product with multiple separated power pins. After ESD stress, internal damage was found and located at the interface circuit connecting different circuit blocks with different power supplies. Some ESD designs are implemented to rescue this IC product to meet the required ESD specification. By adding only an extra ESD clamp NMOS with a channel width of 10 /spl mu/m between the interface node and ground line, the HBM ESD level of this IC product can be improved from the original 0.5 kV to 3 kV. By connecting the separated VSS power lines through the ESD conduction circuit to a common VSS ESD bus realized by the seal ring, the HBM ESD level of the second version IC product with 12 separated power supply pairs can be significantly improved from the original 1 kV up to >5 kV, without noise coupling issue.
A macrophage tumor cell line and plasminogen activator. A potential model system for macrophage regulation of enzyme production. (1978)

The macrophage cell line, RAW264.10, synthesizes and secretes plasminogen activator. Production of this enzyme is inhibited by low concentrations of glucocorticoids and increased by phorbol myristate acetate. It is proposed that this line could be a suitable model for the regulation of enzyme synthesis by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Pregabalin as an adjunct to phenobarbital, potassium bromide, or a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide for treatment of dogs with suspected idiopathic epilepsy (2009)

Pregabalin may hold promise as a safe and effective adjunct anticonvulsant drug for epileptic dogs poorly controlled with the standard drugs phenobarbital or potassium bromide. Adverse effects of pregabalin appeared to be mild. Additional studies with larger numbers of dogs and longer follow-up intervals are warranted.
Properties of epitaxial films of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

We present measurements of the properties of epitaxial thin films of superconducting $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$, with ${T}_{c}$ about 90 K, transition widths of \ensuremath{\sim}2.5 K, and critical currents in excess of ${10}^{5}$A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 77 K. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field exceeds 4 T/K for fields parallel to the film (i.e., $H\ensuremath{\perp}$ to the $c$ axis) and the anisotropy of the upper critical field ranged between two and three. Our tunneling gaps ($\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\sim}15\ensuremath{-}21$ meV) are similar to previous results on ceramic and single-crystal samples of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$. Infrared measurements of the gap energy suggest a larger value than previous measurements on polycrystalline material. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient is similar to that for the bulk.
Enzyme Inhibitor Studies Reveal Complex Control of Methyl-D-Erythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway Enzyme Expression in Catharanthus roseus (2013)

In Catharanthus roseus, the monoterpene moiety exerts a strong flux control for monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) formation. Monoterpene synthesis depends on the methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Here, we have explored the regulation of this pathway in response to developmental and environmental cues and in response to specific enzyme inhibitors. For the MEP pathway entry enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), a new (type I) DXS isoform, CrDXS1, has been cloned, which, in contrast to previous reports on type II CrDXS, was not transcriptionally activated by the transcription factor ORCA3. Regulation of the MEP pathway in response to metabolic perturbations has been explored using the enzyme inhibitors clomazone (precursor of 5-ketochlomazone, inhibitor of DXS) and fosmidomycin (inhibitor of deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR)), respectively. Young leaves of non-flowering plants were exposed to both inhibitors, adopting a non-invasive in vivo technique. Transcripts and proteins of DXS (3 isoforms), DXR, and hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate synthase (HDS) were monitored, and protein stability was followed in isolated chloroplasts. Transcripts for DXS1 were repressed by both inhibitors, whereas transcripts for DXS2A&B, DXR and HDS increased after clomazone treatment but were barely affected by fosmidomycin treatment. DXS protein accumulated in response to both inhibitors, whereas DXR and HDS proteins were less affected. Fosmidomycin-induced accumulation of DXS protein indicated substantial posttranscriptional regulation. Furthermore, fosmidomycin effectively protected DXR against degradation in planta and in isolated chloroplasts. Thus our results suggest that DXR protein stability may be affected by substrate binding. In summary, the present results provide novel insight into the regulation of DXS expression in C. roseus in response to MEP-pathway perturbation.
Berry Cell death: Are berries suffocating to death under high temperature and water stress? (2019)

Berry cell death is a developmental phenomenon that occurs late in ripening, is associates with shrivelling, and has implications for both yield and composition of berries and wine. We do not know to what extent cell death is genetically programmed, and to what extent is it a response to environmental and physiological challenges. This is important for at least two reasons. First, cell death may influence yield due to its strong correlation with berry shrivel in cultivars such as Shiraz. For example, cell death and shrivelling could be associated with yield losses of up to 30% in Shiraz. As a result, sugars are concentrated in the grapes during ripening and this could lead to high alcohol content in wine. Secondly, cell death may affect berry and wine sensory attributes due to the mixing of cell compartments and changes in biochemistry within the berry.
Development Of Stable Formulation Of Picroliv, A New Hepatoprotective Agent (1995)

The effect of various antioxidants and alkalinizer on the chemical stability of Picroliv in the granule (Prepared by slugging) formulations at various temperatures was investigated. Picroside I, one of the major active compounds, was chosen as the marker. The order of reaction, degradation rate constant were computed by least regression analysis.
Data-driven fault risk warning method for distribution system (2021)

A data-driven method for fault risk prediction of distribution network is proposed. Firstly, data analysis are carried out to determine the target classification and the correlation feature set of the distribution network failure. The Adaboost-SVM algorithm is presented to forecast the distribution network faults and excavates the relationship between the failure and the influencing factors. The calculation results show that the fault warning method is effective and provide significant reference to the operation practice.
Characteristics of the stimulated emission from iodine atoms in pulsed magnetic fields (1974)

An investigation was made of the influence of pulsed magnetic fields on the characteristics of the stimulated radiation resulting from the 2P1/2–2P3/2 transition in iodine atoms. It was found that pulsed magnetic fields could be used to modulate the gain and the output power of this iodine laser.
Calmodulin and calcium-dependent protease I coordinately regulate the interaction of fodrin with actin. (1990)

The calcium-dependent proteolysis of fodrin has been implicated in the regulation of secretion, neutrophil and platelet activation, and long-term potentiation in neurons. In vitro studies indicate that calcium-dependent protease I (calpain I) cleaves fodrin in the middle of the alpha subunit and in the COOH-terminal third of the beta subunit. Cleavage at the beta site requires calmodulin, which binds with high affinity to a single site in the alpha subunit. In vitro binding assays, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, and velocity sedimentation identify a linkage between calcium-dependent protease I proteolysis of fodrin and the ability of calmodulin to regulate the self-association of fodrin and its interaction with actin. Three functional states appear to exist: (i) intact fodrin, which constitutively forms tetramers and binds F-actin; (ii) alpha-cleaved fodrin, which loses its ability to self-associate and bind F-actin in the presence of calmodulin; and (iii) alpha,beta-cleaved fodrin, a form that is incompetent to establish tetramers or bind actin. Because actin binding and fodrin self-association occur at opposite ends of the molecule, whereas calmodulin binds at its center, these results indicate that long-range interactions exist within fodrin. They also offer an example of how two calcium-dependent regulatory processes may act synergistically to reversibly regulate a linkage between the membrane and the cytoskeleton.
The influence of alcoholic intoxication on the fundamental frequency of female and male speakers (2012)

This study investigates long-term features and utterance contours of fundamental frequency (f0) derived from the German Alcohol Language Corpus. The corpus comprises read, spontaneous, and command&control speech uttered by 148 speakers of both genders and various age groups when sober and intoxicated. f0 median, f0 range, and f0 contours are analyzed for intoxication and interactions with gender and age. Contours are compared both directly (root mean squared error, statistical correlation, or the Euclidean distance in the spectral space of the contour) and by parameterization of the contour using discrete cosine transform and the first and second moment of the lower contour spectrum. Results partly confirm earlier findings, i.e., f0 average and range are mostly raised with intoxication, and also suggest that the majority of speakers do not follow a general trend, but show idiosyncratic alterations to f0. f0 contours differ significantly with intoxication, but a more detailed analysis could not assign these changes to specific general form changes like decline or curvature. The results suggest that it is not possible to predict intoxication from f0 in a single model across different speakers. Instead a speaker-dependent model to account for the individual speaker behavior is proposed.
Anti-proliferative effect of Jesridonin on paclitaxel-resistant EC109 human esophageal carcinoma cells (2017)

Chemoresistance to anticancer drugs is a major obstacle in the efforts to develop a successful treatment strategy for esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC). Thus, the exploration of new drugs and treatment strategies for combating resistance are of utmost importance. In this study, we investigated the antitumor drug resistance activity of Jesridonin, a new ent-kaurene diterpenoid, and its possible mechanisms of action using the resistant cancer cell line, EC109/Taxol. MTT assay revealed that Jesridonin had similar IC50 values against EC109 paclitaxel-sensitive cells and drug-resistant EC109/Taxol cells in vitro. In mice, Jesridonin effectively prevented the growth of EC109/Taxol tumor xenografts without exerting any significant toxicity. In addition, Jesridonin significantly inhibited the proliferation of EC109/Taxol cells, induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that Jesridonin upregulated the expression of p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 in EC109/Taxol cells, and downregulated the expression of procaspase-3, procaspase-9 and Bcl-2 in the EC109/Taxol cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, our results demonstrate that Jesridonin may have potential for use in the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ESCC. The data of the present study may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for paclitaxel-resistant tumors.
New method for the preparation of nonuniform distributed Co/SiO2 catalysts (2008)

Egg-shell, egg-yolk and egg-white types of Co/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by utilizing entrapped air to inhibit the entrance of impregnation or leaching solution into the cores of catalyst pellets during the preparation procedure; the entrapped air played the important role because the capillary pressure was reduced to a suitable range by adjusting the concentration of ethanol in the impregnation or leaching solution for a hydrophobized silica surface.
Research into Evaluation Method for Pedestrian Pre-Collision System (2013)

Researchers in Japan, Europe, and the United States of America are investigating ways to help reduce pedestrian accidents. Methods of how to evaluate the pre-collision systems (PCS) for pedestrians are being considered with the goal of global dissemination and enhancement of the performance. This paper analyzes accident and near-miss incident data and proposes evaluation conditions for a pedestrian PCS. The development of a test apparatus for assessing the performance of the pedestrian PCS under the proposed evaluation conditions is also described. First, accident data were analyzed to determine the evaluation scenario. The frequency of each combination of vehicle and pedestrian behavior in pedestrian accidents was investigated. According to the analysis results, the most frequent accident scenario was a pedestrian crossing a road while a vehicle goes straight ahead. This scenario was selected for the evaluation. After collating the accident data in terms of pedestrian age, the research focused on two accident patterns: one involving elderly pedestrians and one involving children. The accident scenario evaluation conditions include the position lateral to the vehicle at which the pedestrian appears, the walking direction, vehicle speed, and the like. These specific conditions were set by analyzing pedestrian accident data and near-miss incident data. For accidents involving elderly pedestrians, two evaluation conditions were set: crossing from the left during daytime and crossing from the right at night. For children, the evaluation conditions featured a child emerging suddenly from behind a parked vehicle. Next, a pedestrian dummy capable of evaluating the PCS based on these conditions was developed. The pedestrian dummy must be compatible with the use of automotive millimeter wave radar or cameras by the PCS under the evaluation conditions. For a PCS that uses millimeter wave radar, a pedestrian dummy will be required to have low reflection intensity, a capability to reflect radar waves from the entire body, and a walking motion. For a PCS that uses cameras, a dummy must be capable of simulating a human body with both arm and leg movement. To achieve these requirements, the skeletons of the pedestrian dummy were manufactured from vinyl chloride pipes. The reflection intensity was adjusted by winding a metal tape around the entire body of the dummy. A walking mechanism which moves both the arms and the legs was provided from above the pedestrian dummy. The developed dummy successfully simulated a pedestrian by achieving a reflection intensity which is virtually identical to an actual pedestrian, and a highly realistic walking motion. Furthermore, the test apparatus was developed to assess the PCS under the proposed evaluation conditions.
A 5′ Leader of Rbm3, a Cold Stress-induced mRNA, Mediates Internal Initiation of Translation with Increased Efficiency under Conditions of Mild Hypothermia (2001)

Although mild hypothermia generally reduces protein synthesis in mammalian cells, the expression of a small number of proteins, including Rbm3, is induced under these conditions. In this study, we identify an Rbm3 mRNA with a complex 5' leader sequence containing multiple upstream open reading frames. Although these are potentially inhibitory to translation, monocistronic reporter mRNAs containing this leader were translated relatively efficiently. In addition, when tested in the intercistronic region of dicistronic mRNAs, this leader dramatically enhanced second cistron translation, both in transfected cells and in cell-free lysates, suggesting that the Rbm3 leader mediates cap-independent translation via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Inasmuch as Rbm3 mRNA and protein levels are both increased in cells exposed to mild hypothermia, the activity of this IRES was evaluated at a cooler temperature. Compared to 37 degrees C, IRES activity at 33 degrees C was enhanced up to 5-fold depending on the cell line. Moderate enhancements also occurred with constructs containing other viral and cellular IRESes. These effects of mild hypothermia on translation were not caused by decreased cell growth, as similar effects were not observed when cells were serum starved. The results suggest that cap-independent mechanisms may facilitate the translation of particular mRNAs during mild hypothermia.
An analysis of a secure system based on trusted components (2002)

The paper presents a practical security analysis of a beta implementation of a commercial system based on existing trusted hardware components, such as advanced cryptographic building blocks. The system was designed to securely store and handle both sensitive and insensitive data records on individuals in such a way that it would be impossible for unauthorized parties to link sensitive records to the corresponding individuals. The analysis was performed by means of document reviews, interviews and some practical tests with the intention of finding and listing potential vulnerabilities for the knowledge of the design team. The vulnerabilities revealed are classified with respect to their cause, and possible remedies are discussed. The classification shows that the most important problem was that some system components were incorrectly handled as trusted. Finally, we observed that the problems were to a surprisingly high degree non technical, reflecting organisational and management issues and human insufficiencies.
Regulation of p38 Phosphorylation and Topoisomerase IIα Expression in the B-Cell Lymphoma Line Jiyoye by CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Is Associated with Enhanced<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>Sensitivity to Doxorubicin (2005)

CD26 is a Mr 110,000 surface-bound glycoprotein with diverse functional properties, including having a key role in normal T-cell physiology and the development of certain cancers. In this article, we show that surface expression of CD26, especially its intrinsic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity, results in enhanced topoisomerase IIalpha level in the B-cell line Jiyoye and subsequent in vitro sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. In addition, we show that expression of CD26/DPPIV is associated with increased phosphorylation of p38 and its upstream regulators mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3/6 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and that p38 signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of topoisomerase IIalpha expression. Besides demonstrating that CD26 effect on topoisomerase IIalpha and doxorubicin sensitivity is applicable to cell lines of both B-cell and T-cell lineages, the potential clinical implication of our work lies with the fact that we now show for the first time that our in vitro results can be extended to a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model. Our findings that CD26 expression can be an in vivo marker of tumor sensitivity to doxorubicin treatment may lead to future treatment strategies targeting CD26/DPPIV for selected human cancers in the clinical setting. Our article thus characterizes the biochemical linkage among CD26, p38, and topoisomerase IIalpha while providing evidence that CD26-associated topoisomerase IIalpha expression results in greater in vitro and in vivo tumor sensitivity to the antineoplastic agent doxorubicin.
Arthroscopic Findings Associated with Roof Impingement of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft (1995)

Nineteen patients with roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft had their grafts inspected during second-look arthroscopy. The diagnosis of roof impingement was suspected from the clinical findings of an effusion, extension deficit, recurrent instability, or anterior knee pain. The diagnosis was confirmed when a portion of the tibial tunnel was anterior to the tibial intersection of the slope of the intercondylar roof on a lateral roentgenogram of the fully extended knee. During second-look arthroscopy the impinged anterior cruciate ligament graft had one or more of the following features: fractured bundles, guillotined remnants at the tibial insertion, parallel fragmentation of an uninterrupted graft, fibrous nodule, or an extrusion of graft material at the outlet of the notch. We hypothesize that these changes in the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament graft are caused by mechanical injury from roof impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE. One should suspect that a patient with an effusion, extension deficit, recurrent instability, or anterior knee pain after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may have roof impingement. A lateral roentgenogram in full extension is diagnostic if the tibial tunnel is anterior to the intercondylar roof. The surgeon should be aware that impinged grafts can have a variety of arthroscopic appearances in addition to the previously reported fibrous nodule or Cyclops lesion.
How Consumers Behave in a Crisis: International Lessons (and Innovations) from COVID-19 (2022)

Among the myriad challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic, many touched on how individuals chose to utilize their resources to protect their personal well-being and the downstream impact on society. Marketing researchers rose to the challenge, and much work in the 2020–2022 period has been devoted to improving well-being by using marketing theory to create better health messaging, develop effective interventions, understand mechanisms that shift purchasing patterns, motivate cooperation and compliance, and speak to the high-impact decisions that people and organizations are being forced to make each day. Here, the author introduces the Protection Knowledge Model to synthesize much of the research to date on COVID-19 response. This model highlights the individual–institution interaction in how people choose (and institutions promote) protective strategies and focuses on the dangers of misalignment in individuals’ and institutions’ knowledge of each other and of the situation.