gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research in boron neutron capture synovectomy (1997)

Boron Neutron Capture Synovectomy (BNCS) is a novel application of the <SUP>10</SUP>B(n, (alpha) )<SUP>7</SUP>Li reaction for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. This potential treatment modality is in its developmental stages; in this paper results of research in two aspects of BNCS are presented. First, quantification of <SUP>10</SUP>B-uptake in samples of human arthritic tissue by Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis is presented. <SUP>10</SUP>B concentrations from 1625 to 2726 ppm are readily achieved. Second, ideal neutron beam studies have been undertaken and indicate that neutrons from thermal energies to 1 keV are useful for BNCS. This information is of use in designing practical therapy beams should this treatment modality be realized.
CAPSID PROTEINS: EVIDENCES ABOUT THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AGAINST DENGUE (2014)

Introduction: The role of cellular immune response in dengue virus infection is not yet fully understood. Only few studies in murine models propose that CD8 + T-cells are associated with protection from infection and disease. At the light of recent reports about the protective role of CD8 + T-cells in humans and the no correlation between neutralizing antibodies and protection observed in several studies, a vaccine based on cell-mediated immunity constitute an attractive approach. Our group has developed a capsid-based vaccine as nucleocpasid-like particles from dengue-2 virus, which induced a protective CD4 + and CD8 + cell-mediated immunity in mice, without the contribution of neutralizing antibodies. Materials and Methods: Herein we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this molecule in monkeys. Results: Neither IgG antibodies against the whole virus nor neutralizing antibodies were elicited after the antigen inoculation. However, animals developed a cell-mediated immunity, measured by gamma interferon secretion and cytotoxic capacity. Although only one out of three vaccinated animals was fully protected against viral challenge, a viral load reduction was observed in this group compared with the placebo one. Accordingly, the tetravalent formulation evaluated in mice induced gamma interferon-secreting cells and significant viral load reduction after intracranial challenge. Conclusion: Our results suggest that capsid proteins could be the base on an attractive vaccine against dengue.
Modulation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser using an intracavity quantum-well absorber (1998)

We demonstrate a novel modulation technique with a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) using an intracavity embedded voltage-biased quantum well absorber. We achieved a -3-dB small-signal bandwidth of 9 GHz and a response of 7 GHz//spl radic/(mA) by modulation of the absorber. Our calculations show that this technique introduces significantly less chirp at higher frequencies than direct current modulation.
Recent advances in pig-to-human organ and cell transplantation (2007)

Xenotransplantation using pigs offers the prospect of an unlimited number of organs and cells for clinical transplantation. A major step forward has been achieved with the introduction of pigs homozygous for alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockouts that do not express the major antigenic target for primate antipig antibodies (i.e., Galalpha1,3Gal). Heterotopic heart transplants have survived for 2-6 months in baboons. However, other immune and pathophysiologic barriers remain, including: i) anti-non-Gal antibodies and cells of the innate immune system; and ii) thrombogenesis associated with incompatibilities in the coagulation-anticoagulation systems of pig and primate. Further genetic modification of the organ-source pig to overcome these barriers is being undertaken.
Design and Performance of Unlicensed NB-IoT (2019)

Due to the characteristics of wide coverage and low power consumption, the Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is believed to be a promising candidate technology to enable massive IoT in the upcoming 5G. Generally, the cellular NB-IoT is deployed only in licensed spectrum which is expensive and resource-constrained, thus causing limitations for operators. In view of these challenges, it is envisioned to opportunely operate NB-IoT in unlicensed spectrum, also termed as NB-IoT-U. In this paper, we present a specific framework for NB-IoT-U system with the restriction from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, in the Sub-1GHz band. To verify the feasibility of this technology, we provide a comprehensive performance analysis of NB-IoT-U in terms of coverage and battery life.
SoftBox: A Customizable, Low-Latency, and Scalable 5G Core Network Architecture (2018)

We propose a novel cellular core network architecture, SoftBox, combining software-defined networking and network function virtualization to achieve greater flexibility, efficiency, and scalability compared to today's cellular core. Aligned with 5G use cases, SoftBox enables the creation of customized, low latency, and signaling-efficient services on a per user equipment (UE) basis. SoftBox consolidates network policies needed for processing each UE's data and signaling traffic into a light-weight, in-network, and per-UE agent. We design a number of mobility-aware techniques to further optimize: 1) resource usage of agents; 2) forwarding rules and updates needed for steering a UE's traffic through its agent; 3) migration costs of agents needed to ensure their proximity to mobile UEs; and 4) complexity of distributing the LTE mobility function on agents. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the scalability, performance, and flexibility of the SoftBox design. For example, basic SoftBox has 86%, 51%, and 87% lower signaling overheads, data plane delay, and CPU core usage, respectively, than two open source EPC systems. Moreover, our optimizations efficiently cut different types of data and control plane loads in the basic SoftBox by 51%-98%.
Differential gene expression profile between progressive and de novo muscle invasive bladder cancer and its prognostic implication (2021)

This study aimed to ascertain gene expression profile differences between progressive muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and de novo MIBC, and to identify prognostic biomarkers to improve patients' treatment. Retrospective multicenter study in which 212 MIBC patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2019 were included. Gene expression profiles were determined in 26 samples using Illumina microarrays. The expression levels of 94 genes were studied by quantitative PCR in an independent set of 186 MIBC patients. In a median follow-up of 16 months, 46.7% patients developed tumor progression after cystectomy. In our series, progressive MIBC patients show a worse tumor progression (p = 0.024) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p = 0.049) than the de novo group. A total of 480 genes were found to be differently expressed between both groups. Differential expression of 24 out of the 94 selected genes was found in an independent cohort. RBPMC2 and DSC3 were found as independent prognostic biomarkers of tumor progression and CALD1 and LCOR were identified as prognostic biomarkers of CSS between both groups. In conclusion, progressive and de novo MIBC patients show different clinical outcome and gene expression profiles. Gene expression patterns may contribute to predict high-risk of progression to distant metastasis or CSS.
A new design for ultracompact multimode interference-based 2 x 2 couplers (1998)

We introduce here a new multimode interference-based 3-dB coupler that has a substantially smaller device geometry than conventional multimode interference structures. This new structure is based on a special multimode region shape and an appropriate launching technique which aids in circumventing the proximity limitations. Simulations show this structure can provide a decrease of a factor of three or more in the device size of the smallest 3-dB MMI coupler made to date.
Stepwise Formation of Multilayered Nanostructural Films from Macromolecular Precursors (1994)

Sequential adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte and individual sheets of the silicate mineral hectorite has allowed controlled, stepwise formation of multilayered films on silicon wafers. Each component adsorbs rapidly by an ion-exchange mechanism, and x-ray diffractometry indicates structural order even in films with thicknesses greater than 0.2 micrometer. The large lateral extent of the silicate sheets (about 25 to 35 nanometers) allows each layer to cover any packing defects in the underlying layer, thus preserving structural order in the growing film. With careful choice of component materials, this method should allow for the preparation of multilayered films with a variety of technologically important properties.
Batch Renormalization: Towards Reducing Minibatch Dependence in Batch-Normalized Models (2017)

Batch Normalization is quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep models. However, its effectiveness diminishes when the training minibatches are small, or do not consist of independent samples. We hypothesize that this is due to the dependence of model layer inputs on all the examples in the minibatch, and different activations being produced between training and inference. We propose Batch Renormalization, a simple and effective extension to ensure that the training and inference models generate the same outputs that depend on individual examples rather than the entire minibatch. Models trained with Batch Renormalization perform substantially better than batchnorm when training with small or non-i.i.d. minibatches. At the same time, Batch Renormalization retains the benefits of batchnorm such as insensitivity to initialization and training efficiency.
Experimental study of robot-assisted exercise training for knee rehabilitation based on a practical EMG-driven model (2016)

This paper proposes two robot-assisted exercise training methods for knee rehabilitation based on a practical EMG-driven model, aiming to beneficially exploit the patient's ability through neurorehabilitation process. The EMG-driven model is a simplified representation of the musculoskeletal system, with acceptable accuracies to predict the muscle forces and active torque of knee joint. Thus the patient's voluntary contribution can be introduced to the control loop through admittance controller. Preliminary experiments verify that the model prediction performance is able to reflect the subjects' motion intention in real-time and assist the subjects to perform exercise training with a lower limb rehabilitation robot. The information recorded during exercise training could be useful to understand the process of recovery and make quantitative evaluations to the patient's motor abilities.
A Robust, Symmetric Grating Angular Sensor for Space Flights (2006)

Angular sensing is needed for high precision constellation space flights, such as LISA and BBO. We have proposed using a grating as a high sensitivity angular sensor by measuring the movement of its diffracted beams. We report the experimental demonstration of a robust, symmetric grating angular sensor with two‐sided quad detectors. The grating was custom designed and fabricated to have a groove density of 935 lines/mm, producing symmetric first order diffracted beams at a grazing angle of 84 degrees for normal incidence at a wavelength of 1064 nm. A symmetric grating sensor based on this grating has achieved better than 1 nrad/Hz1/2 sensitivity with a working distance of only 6 cm. Compared with single‐side grating sensors, the symmetric grating sensors can give pure rotational information with appropriate signal processing. Using common mode rejection by subtracting the outputs from each detector, the two‐detector symmetric grating sensor is also more robust against laser frequency noises.
<title>Laser interrogation of surface agents (LISA) for chemical agent reconnaissance</title> (2002)

Laser Interrogation of Surface Agents (LISA) is a new technique which exploits Raman scattering to provide standoff detection and identification of surface-deposited chemical agents. ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering and Sciences Division is developing the LISA technology under a cost-sharing arrangement with the US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command for incorporation on the Army's future reconnaissance vehicles. A field-engineered prototype LISA-Recon system is being designed to demonstrate on-the- move measurements of chemical contaminants. In this article, we will describe the LISA technique, data form proof-of- concept measurements, the LISA-Recon design, and some of the future realizations envisioned for military sensing applications.
MLLR/MAP adaptation using pronunciation variation for non-native speech recognition (2009)

In this paper, we propose an acoustic model adaptation method based on a maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation using pronunciation variations for non-native speech recognition. To this end, we first obtain pronunciation variations using an indirect data-driven approach. Next, we generate two sets of regression classes: one composed of regression classes for all pronunciations and the other of classes for pronunciation variations. The former are referred to as overall regression classes and the latter as pronunciation variation regression classes. Next, we sequentially apply the two adaptations to non-native speech using the overall regression classes, while the acoustic models associated with the pronunciation variations are adapted using the pronunciation variation regression classes. In the final step, both sets of adapted acoustic models are merged. Thus, the resultant acoustic models can cover the characteristics of non-native speakers as well as the pronunciation variations of non-native speech. It is shown from non-native automatic speech recognition experiments for Korean spoken English continuous speech that an ASR system employing the proposed adaptation method can relatively reduce the average word error rate by 9.43% when compared to a traditional MLLR/MAP adaptation method.
Design and performance evaluation of a fuzzy-logic-based variable-speed wind generation system (1997)

Artificial intelligence techniques, such as fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms, have recently shown promise in the application of power electronic systems. The paper describes the control strategy development, design and experimental performance evaluation of a fuzzy logic-based variable-speed wind generation system that uses a cage-type induction generator and double-sided PWM power converters. The system can feed a utility grid maintaining unity power factor at all conditions or can supply an autonomous load. The fuzzy logic-based control of the system helps to optimize efficiency and enhance performance. A complete 3.5 kW generation system has been developed, designed and thoroughly evaluated by laboratory tests in order to validate the predicted performance improvements. The system gives excellent performance and can easily be translated to a larger size in the field.
The Glutamate-Rich Protein (GLURP) of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Is a Target for Antibody-Dependent Monocyte-Mediated Inhibition of Parasite Growth In Vitro (1998)

Monocyte-dependent as well as direct inhibitory effects of antimalarial antibodies point toward antigens accessible at the time of merozoite release as targets for biologically active antibodies capable of mediating protection against Plasmodium falciparum. The glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), being an antigen associated with mature schizont-infected erythrocytes, was therefore the object of the present investigation, in which we analyzed whether anti-GLURP antibodies can either interfere directly with merozoite invasion or act indirectly by promoting a monocyte-dependent growth inhibition, antibody-dependent cellular inhibition. GLURP-specific human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, from pooled IgG of healthy Liberian adults who were clinically immune to malaria, were purified by affinity chromatography on columns containing R0 (N-terminal nonrepetitive region of GLURP) or R2 (C-terminal repetitive region of GLURP) recombinant protein or synthetic peptides as ligands. Analysis of the pattern of reactivity of highly purified anti-GLURP antibodies led to the definition of at least four B-cell epitopes. One epitope was specific for R0, two were specific for R2, and the fourth displayed cross-reactivity between R0 and R2. None of the purified IgG antibodies had direct invasion-inhibitory effects, even at high concentrations. In contrast, when allowed to cooperate with monocytes, all anti-GLURP IgG preparations mediated a strong monocyte-dependent parasite growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.
Photo-Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Polysaccharide−Poly(amino acid) Structure:  New Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical Applications (2006)

The aim of this work has been the preparation and characterization of novel hydrogels with polysaccharide-poly(amino acid) structure having suitable physicochemical properties for pharmaceutical applications. In the first step, hyaluronic acid (HA) and alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) have been derivatized with methacrylic anhydride (AMA), thus obtaining HA-AMA and PHM derivatives, respectively. In the second step, aqueous solutions of both these derivatives have been irradiated at 313 nm to obtain chemical hydrogels. The hydrogel obtained by irradiating for 15 min an aqueous solution containing 4% w/v of HA-AMA and 4% w/v of PHM resulted in the highest yield. Its swelling ability was dependent on the pH and nature of the external medium. Besides, this hydrogel undergoes a partial hydrolysis, especially in the presence of enzymes, such as esterase or hyaluronidase, but the entity of this degradation is lower than that observed for a hydrogel based on HA-AMA alone. The ability of this hydrogel to entrap drug molecules has been evaluated by using thrombin as a model drug. In vitro release studies and a platelet aggregation test demonstrated that the HA-AMA/PHM hydrogel is able to release thrombin in the active form, thus suggesting its suitability for the treatment of hemorrhages.
Hydrophobic Chromatography of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen on 1,9-Diaminononane or 1,10-Diaminodecane Linked to Agarose (1975)

A series of omega-aminoalkyl-agarose differing in the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains was prepared and used for chromatography of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). HBSAg was separated from the major part of serum proteins by adsorption to columns of 1,9-diaminononane or 1,10-diaminodecane linked to agarose beads (Sepharose 4B or 2B) followed by elution with 4 M-NaSCN.
Mission Critical User Priority-Based Random Access Scheme for Collision Resolution in Coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-M Networks (2019)

Random-access channels (RACHs) are designed to establish a connection between the user equipments (UEs) and the network. However, the current long-term evolution (LTE) standard has limitations in providing RACH resources to massive UE connections. If numerous UEs send a connection request simultaneously, it results in severe collisions and significant access delays that degrade system performance. There has been a lot of previous research into controlling this overload; however, there are no proposals to resolve RACH overload issues for mission-critical high-priority (MCHP) UEs in coexisting LTE-based public safety (PS-LTE) and LTE-based marine (LTE-M) networks. Thus, immense interest and practical research are urgently required to resolve the UE initial access problem during the random-access procedure, most importantly when MCHP users exist. In this paper, we propose an efficient mission-critical user priority-based random-access scheme for coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-M networks. Since PS-LTE users have mission-critical service requirements, we give higher priority to PS-LTE UEs when allocating RACH resources in the contention-based random-access (RA) procedure. Our proposed scheme efficiently assigns RA preambles to MCHP UEs in order to avoid preamble collisions when multiple UEs try to access coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-M networks. In this paper, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and evaluated based on the number of successful RACH attempts, the number of collisions, and the access delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Compared with a conventional random-access scheme, the proposed scheme performs remarkably well by improving the number of successful RACH attempts, reducing the number of collisions, and minimizing the access delay to coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-M networks.
Global image analysis to determine suitability for text-based image personalization (2012)

Lately, image personalization is becoming an interesting topic. Images with variable elements such as text usually appear much more appealing to the recipients. In this paper, we describe a method to pre-analyze the image and automatically suggest to the user the most suitable regions within an image for text-based personalization. The method is based on input gathered from experiments conducted with professional designers. It has been observed that regions that are spatially smooth and regions with existing text (e.g. signage, banners, etc.) are the best candidates for personalization. This gives rise to two sets of corresponding algorithms: one for identifying smooth areas, and one for locating text regions. Furthermore, based on the smooth and text regions found in the image, we derive an overall metric to rate the image in terms of its suitability for personalization (SFP).
Common-Mode Voltage Reduction Methods for Current-Source Converters in Medium-Voltage Drives (2012)

Common-mode voltages (CMVs) can lead to premature failure of the motor insulation system in medium-voltage current-source-fed drives. By analyzing the CMV values at all switching states under different operating conditions of a current-source-inverter (CSI)-based motor drive, this paper first indicates that the CMV peaks are produced by the zero states in most of the cases. The nonzero-state (NZS) modulation techniques employed in voltage-source converters are adapted for use in a space-vector-modulated current-source converter (CSC) to reduce the CMV magnitude. For NZS modulation in CSCs, the nearest three-state (NTS) modulation sequences are designed with good low-order harmonic performances in their linear modulation region of m <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> ≥ 0.67 and with no increase in the device switching frequency. A combined active-zero-state (AZS) modulation technique is also proposed as compensation, for a lower modulation index in the range of 0.4-0.67, when a compromise is made between the dc-link current minimization and high input power factor control. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the CMV reduction effects and harmonic performances of the NTS and combined AZS modulation methods in CSI-fed drives.