gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beatquency domain and machine learning improve prediction of cardiovascular death after acute coronary syndrome (2016)

Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) are associated with adverse events after a myocardial infarction. However, patterns in the traditional frequency domain (measured in Hz, or cycles per second) may capture different cardiac phenomena at different heart rates. An alternative is to consider frequency with respect to heartbeats, or beatquency. We compared the use of frequency and beatquency domains to predict patient risk after an acute coronary syndrome. We then determined whether machine learning could further improve the predictive performance. We first evaluated the use of pre-defined frequency and beatquency bands in a clinical trial dataset (N = 2302) for the HRV risk measure LF/HF (the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power). Relative to frequency, beatquency improved the ability of LF/HF to predict cardiovascular death within one year (Area Under the Curve, or AUC, of 0.730 vs. 0.704, p < 0.001). Next, we used machine learning to learn frequency and beatquency bands with optimal predictive power, which further improved the AUC for beatquency to 0.753 (p < 0.001), but not for frequency. Results in additional validation datasets (N = 2255 and N = 765) were similar. Our results suggest that beatquency and machine learning provide valuable tools in physiological studies of HRV.
On-Chip Power Supply Noise Suppression Through Hyperabrupt Junction Varactors (2018)

The increasing power density and, therefore, current consumption of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) results in increased challenges in the design of a reliable and efficient on-chip power delivery network. In particular, meeting the stringent on-chip impedance of the IC requires circuit and system techniques to mitigate the high-frequency noise that results due to resonance between the package inductance and the on-chip capacitance. A novel circuit technique is proposed to suppress high-frequency noise through the use of a hyperabrupt junction tuning varactor diode as a decoupling capacitor (decap) for noise critical functional blocks. With the proposed circuit technique, the voltage droops and overshoots on the on-chip power distribution network are suppressed by up to 60% as compared with MIM or deep trench decaps of the same capacitance. In addition, there is no added latency to react to power supply noise, and there is no degradation to circuit performance as compared with existing techniques in commercial products and literature.
Castor Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Facilitates Efficient Metabolism of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Transgenic Arabidopsis   (2010)

Producing unusual fatty acids (FAs) in crop plants has been a long-standing goal of green chemistry. However, expression of the enzymes that catalyze the primary synthesis of these unusual FAs in transgenic plants typically results in low levels of the desired FA. For example, seed-specific expression of castor (Ricinus communis) fatty acid hydroxylase (RcFAH) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in the seed oil. In order to increase HFA levels, we investigated castor phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). We cloned cDNAs encoding three putative PDAT enzymes from a castor seed cDNA library and coexpressed them with RcFAH12. One isoform, RcPDAT1A, increased HFA levels to 27%. Analysis of HFA-triacylglycerol molecular species and regiochemistry, along with analysis of the HFA content of phosphatidylcholine, indicates that RcPDAT1A functions as a PDAT in vivo. Expression of RcFAH12 alone leads to a significant decrease in FA content of seeds. Coexpression of RcPDAT1A and RcDGAT2 (for diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2) with RcFAH12 restored FA levels to nearly wild-type levels, and this was accompanied by a major increase in the mass of HFAs accumulating in the seeds. We show the usefulness of RcPDAT1A for engineering plants with high levels of HFAs and alleviating bottlenecks due to the production of unusual FAs in transgenic oilseeds.
Zero Discharge Tanning:  A Shift from Chemical to Biocatalytic Leather Processing (2002)

Beam house processes (Beam house processes generally mean liming-reliming processes, which employ beam.) contribute more than 60% of the total pollution from leather processing. The use of lime and sodium sulfide is of environmental concern (1, 2). Recently, the authors have developed an enzyme-based dehairing assisted with a very low amount of sodium sulfide, which completely avoids the use of lime. However, the dehaired pelt requires opening up of fiber bundles for further processing, where lime is employed to achieve this through osmotic swelling. Huge amounts of lime sludge and total solids are the main drawbacks of lime. An alternative bioprocess, based on alpha-amylase for fiber opening, has been attempted after enzymatic unhairing. This totally eliminates the use of lime in leather processing. This method enables subsequent processes and operations in leather making feasible without a deliming process. A control experiment was run in parallel using conventional liming-reliming processes. It has been found that the extent of opening up of fiber bundles using alpha-amylase is comparable to that of the control. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis, and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on a par with leathers produced by the conventional process through physical and hand evaluation. Importantly, softness of the leathers is numerically proven to be comparable with that of control. The process also demonstrates reduction in chemical oxygen demand load by 45% and total solids load by 20% compared to the conventional process. The total dry sludge from the beam house processes is brought down from 152 to 8 kg for processing 1 ton of raw hides.
Electro-Optical Resonant Phase Modulator (1993)

Electro-optical phase modulator includes electro-optical crystal in resonant cavity suitable for use in transmitting digital data on laser beam at data rate of 10 MHz. Switching voltages applied to crystal, thereby switching cavity onto and off resonance, and large phase dispersion occurring near resonance provides output phase modulation. Driving voltages smaller than those of nonresonant modulators. Laser-damage thresholds of apparatus, incorporating bulk optics, inherently greater than modulators based on integrated optics.
An Improved Method for Lossless Data Compression (2005)

Summary form only given. This paper describes an improved lossless data compression scheme. The proposed scheme contains three innovations: first, an efficient algorithm is introduced to decide when and how to switch from transparent mode to compressed mode, second, a temporary buffer is introduced at the encoder, and third, an approach to decide when to discard the entire dictionary is advanced. According to the developed method the changes are only at the transmitter and any V.42bis-compatible receiver can be used as a decoder. Therefore devices using V.42bis can use the proposed method after a firmware upgrade. To make a decision when to switch modes, we introduce two look-ahead buffers, B/sub C/ and B/sub T/, for each mode of operation of the encoder. Regardless of which mode the encoder is in, the output of both modes of operation is written to the corresponding look-ahead buffer. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher compression ratios in most cases. Another goal of the work presented in this paper is to analyze what is the improvement obtained after the dictionary is reset and when is a good time to discard the dictionary. Our results for different file types show that consistently the compression ratio before dictionary reset is 0.87 and after dictionary reset is 1.07, an increase of 22.6 %. It is noted that V.44 is a newer compression standard, based on a different compression algorithm. While our results do not apply directly to V.44, they may be used after appropriate modifications.
Ultrafast Er fiber laser amplified to an average power of 5.5 W in an Yb fiber amplifier (2000)

We demonstrate the amplification of femtosecond Raman-shifted pulses from an Er fiber laser to a pulse energy of 100 µJ and an average power of 5.5 W in an Yb fiber chirped pulse amplification system.
Product Superposition for MIMO Broadcast Channels (2012)

This paper considers the multiantenna broadcast channel without transmit-side channel state information (CSIT). For this channel, it has been known that when all receivers have channel state information (CSIR), the degrees of freedom (DoF) cannot be improved beyond what is available via TDMA. The same is true if none of the receivers possess CSIR. This paper shows that an entirely new scenario emerges when receivers have unequal CSIR. In particular, orthogonal transmission is no longer DoF-optimal when one receiver has CSIR and the other does not. A multiplicative superposition is proposed for this scenario and shown to attain the optimal degrees of freedom under a wide set of antenna configurations and coherence lengths. Two signaling schemes are constructed based on the multiplicative superposition. In the first method, the messages of the two receivers are carried in the row and column spaces of a matrix, respectively. This method works better than orthogonal transmission while reception at each receiver is still interference free. The second method uses coherent signaling for the receiver with CSIR, and Grassmannian signaling for the receiver without CSIR. This second method requires interference cancellation at the receiver with CSIR, but achieves higher DoF than the first method.
Electrochemical reduction of CO sub 2 to CH sub 4 and C sub 2 H sub 4 (1990)

This patent describes a process for electrochemical reduction of CO{sub 2} to CH{sub 4} and C{sub 2}H{sub 4} at both high current densities and high Faradaic efficiencies in an electrochemical cell. Comprising an anode and a cathode in contact with an electrolyte. It comprises: passing a current between the anode and the cathode; electrodepositing Cu ions form an electrolyte comprising an aqueous inorganic salt solution in which Co{sub 2} is soluble and Cu ions forming deposited uniformly granular Cu on a highly polished cathode surface in situ; passing CO{sub 2} through the electrolyte and contacting the cathode surface; reducing at least a portion of the cathode surface; reducing at least a portion of the CO{sub 2} to CH{sub 4} and C{sub 2}H{sub 4} at the in situ deposited Cu cathode surface; and removing gaseous products comprising CH{sub 4} and C{sub 2}H{sub 4} form the electrolyte.
External Mechanical Cardiac Stimulation (1976)

TEMPORARY cardiac stimulation in the emergency resuscitation from cardiac arrest and in other less urgent conditions is generally applied by way of a pervenous endocardial electrode and an external electric pacemaker. Search for a more quickly and easily applied, noninvasive, reliably effective, safe and well tolerated method of temporary cardiac stimulation has led us to re-examine external electrical and mechanical stimulation. The technic of external electric stimulation was developed in 1950 and was applied successfully in man in 1952.* Electric pacemakers for both external and direct cardiac stimulation are still in use.† This method meets all the requirements listed, except . . .
Majorana Superconducting Qubit (2018)

We propose a platform for universal quantum computation that uses conventional s-wave superconducting leads to address a topological qubit stored in spatially separated Majorana bound states in a multiterminal topological superconductor island. Both the manipulation and readout of this "Majorana superconducting qubit" are realized by tunnel couplings between Majorana bound states and the superconducting leads. The ability of turning on and off tunnel couplings on demand by local gates enables individual qubit addressability while avoiding cross-talk errors. By combining the scalability of superconducting qubit and the robustness of topological qubits, the Majorana superconducting qubit may provide a promising and realistic route towards quantum computation.
Multicore Optical Fiber and Their Applications (2016)

We discuss recent advances in multicore fibers for communications and sensing applications. MCF designs for suppressing MIMO complexity in high capacity transmission systems, as well as, simple, interferometric sensors based on short MCFs are presented.
Separation of Multiple Sound Sources in the Same Direction by Instantaneous Spectral Estimation (2020)

This project aims to separate sound sources in the same direction using a small array of microphones arranged on an arc. When the output pattern of instantaneous sound pressures from the array is regarded as an image, the center of the arc is a singular point because its two-dimensional frequency components are concentrated in the spatial direct current (DC) bin. Based on this property, the noise spectral DC components are estimated by solving simultaneous equations. Computer simulation experiments demonstrated that a 6-cm array achieved a clear separation of three sound sources with the signal-to-distortion ratio of about 20 dB.
Extending the Lifetime of Hyperpolarized Propane Gas through Reversible Dissolution (2017)

Hyperpolarized (HP) propane produced by the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique has been recently introduced as a promising contrast agent for functional lung magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, its short lifetime due to a spin-lattice relaxation time <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> of less than 1 s in the gas phase is a significant translational challenge for its potential biomedical applications. The previously demonstrated approach for extending the lifetime of the HP propane state through long-lived spin states allows the HP propane lifetime to be increased by a factor of ∼3. Here, we demonstrate that a remarkable increase in the propane hyperpolarization decay time at high magnetic field (7.1 T) can be achieved by its dissolution in deuterated organic solvents (acetone-<i>d</i><sub>6</sub> or methanol-<i>d</i><sub>4</sub>). The approximate values of the HP decay time for propane dissolved in acetone-<i>d</i><sub>6</sub> are 35.1 and 28.6 s for the CH<sub>2</sub> group and the CH<sub>3</sub> group, respectively (similar values were obtained for propane dissolved in methanol-<i>d</i><sub>4</sub>), which are ∼50 times larger than the gaseous propane <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> value. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to retrieve HP propane from solution to the gas phase with the preservation of hyperpolarization.
A 100-MHz 4-mW four-quadrant BiCMOS analog multiplier (1997)

A four-quadrant analog multiplier based on a simple, very linear, and fast BiCMOS transconductor using MOS transistors operating in the triode region and NPN bipolar devices is presented. The four quadrant operation is obtained by crosscoupling-in a Gilbert-cell fashion-two transconductors with a third stage used to modulate the transconductances of the former two. A chip prototype of the multiplier has been integrated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process to validate the idea. It has been designed to achieve high linearity on both inputs: measured results show a total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than -40 dB with a 3-V peak-to-peak input signal at 5 MHz from a 5-V supply and an output -3 dB bandwidth of 100 MHz while dissipating 4 mW from a 3-V supply. The integrated chip prototype active area is 1 mm/sup 2/.
AI-02 Transcription factor IRF5 regulates human plasmablast differentiation (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is primarily expressed in human monocytes, B cells, and dendritic cells. Polymorphisms in the <i>IRF5</i> gene have been significantly associated with susceptibility to the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SLE patients, IRF5 expression was significantly elevated as compared to expression in healthy donor PBMC. The specific immune cell subset that IRF5 is (dys)functioning in to contribute to SLE pathogenesis is not known. SLE patients are characterised by increased levels of auto-reactive B cells and autoantibodies, and <i>Irf5<sup>-/- </sup></i>mice were previously shown to have drastically reduced numbers of antibody secreting cells. Conclusions made from these mice, however, were compromised by the discovery of a secondary mutation in <i>DOCK2</i>. Important, multiple murine models of lupus show<i> Irf5<sup>-/- </sup></i>mice are protected from pathogenic autoantibodies. To determine if IRF5 has similar function(s) in human primary B cells, we sought to characterise the role of IRF5 in plasmablast differentiation, antibody secretion, and B cell activation. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Knockdown of IRF5 was performed in primary human B cells using an Amaxa 4 D nucleofector, followed by <i>in vitro </i>culture to assay differentiation of naïve B cells to plasmablasts. B cell receptor cross-linking antibody and the TLR9 ligand CpG-B were used to activate B cells. Identification of IRF5 transcriptional targets was done through chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next generation sequencing. B cell proliferation was assessed through reactive dye dilution. <h3>Results</h3> Upon IRF5 knockdown in primary human B cells, a marked decrease in plasmablast differentiation was seen (Figure 1). Secreted levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 were severely decreased. Interestingly, upstream B cell activation pathways were also found to be decreased in B cells with the IRF5 knockdown. B cell proliferation was also found to be consistently decreased following IRF5 knockdown. ChIP-seq experiments identified IRF5 enrichment on the promoter regions of several plasmablast-associated genes as well as several genes known to impact B cell proliferation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings demonstrate for the first time that IRF5 is a critical regulator of human plasmablast differentiation. Furthermore, our work suggests that IRF5 knockdown impacts early stage B cell activation and proliferation. IRF5 ChIP-Seq results indicate that upon activation, IRF5 acts as a transcriptional regulator for a large group of genes that regulate both plasmablast differentiation and B cell function. Given that plasmablasts are over-represented in SLE, the therapeutic potential of IRF5 inhibition is supported. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by the Alliance for Lupus Research and NIAMS grant AR065959 to B.J.B. S.D. was supported in part by a predoctoral fellowship from the New Jersery Commission on Cancer Research.
Nonorthogonal Halftone Screens (2002)

In color reproduction, the most troublesome moiré pattern is the second-order moiré, or the three-color moiré, usually produced by mixing of cyan, magenta and black halftone outputs. A classical 3-color zero-moiré solution is using three identical cluster halftone screens with different rotations: 15°, 45° and 75°, respectively. However, for most digital printing devices, the size and shape of halftone screens are constrained by the “digital grid”, which defines the locations of printed dots, and therefore, an exact 15° or 75° rotation of a cluster screen is impossible. Although there are many alternative approaches for moiré-free color halftoning, most of them only provide approximate solutions and/or have a tendency to generate additional artifacts associated with halftone outputs. The difficulty to achieve moiré-free color halftoning is greatly relieved by using nonorthogonal halftone screens, i.e., screens in general parallelogram shapes. As a matter of fact, there exist many practical solutions by combining three simple nonorthogonal halftone screens. In this paper, a general condition for 3-color zero-moiré solutions is derived. A procedure using integer equations to search practical solutions for different applications is also described.
Saliva/Pathogen Biomarker Signatures and Periodontal Disease Progression (2011)

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of saliva-derived biomarkers and periodontal pathogens during periodontal disease progression (PDP). One hundred human participants were recruited into a 12-month investigation. They were seen bi-monthly for saliva and clinical measures and bi-annually for subtraction radiography, serum and plaque biofilm assessments. Saliva and serum were analyzed with protein arrays for 14 pro-inflammatory and bone turnover markers, while qPCR was used for detection of biofilm. A hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to group study participants based on clinical, microbiological, salivary/serum biomarkers, and PDP. Eighty-three individuals completed the six-month monitoring phase, with 39 [corrected] exhibiting PDP, while 44 [corrected] demonstrated stability. Participants assembled into three clusters based on periodontal pathogens, serum and salivary biomarkers. Cluster 1 members displayed high salivary biomarkers and biofilm; 71% [corrected] of these individuals were undergoing PDP. Cluster 2 members displayed low biofilm and biomarker levels; 76% [corrected] of these individuals were stable. Cluster 3 members were not discriminated by PDP status; however, cluster stratification followed groups 1 and 2 based on thresholds of salivary biomarkers and biofilm pathogens. The association of cluster membership to PDP was highly significant (p < 0.0007). [corrected] The use of salivary and biofilm biomarkers offers potential for the identification of PDP or stability (ClinicalTrials.gov number, CT00277745).
New methods for finding values of the jumps of a function from its local tomographic data (1995)

Let f( theta ,p) denote the Radon transform of f(x), x in R2, where f is a piecewise-smooth function with discontinuity curve S. Fix any x0 in S. The problem is to find the size of the jump of f across S at a point x0 from local tomographic data, that is, from the knowledge of f( theta ,p) for theta , p in the region mod theta .x0-p mod <or=d, where d>0 is a given small number. Two groups of methods for solving this problem are proposed. One group is based on local tomography (LT) and on the investigation of the behaviour of the LT function in a neighbourhood of S. The second group is based on a new family of pseudolocal tomography (PLT) functions and the relation between LT and PLT functions, which is established in the paper. Results of testing the algorithms are presented.
Liquid biopsy for minimal residual disease detection in leukemia using a portable blast cell biochip (2019)

Long-term management for leukemia is challenging due to the painful and invasive procedure of bone marrow (BM) biopsy. At present, non-invasive liquid (blood) biopsy is not utilized for leukemia, due to lower counts of leukemia blast cells in the blood. Here, we described a robust system for the simultaneous detection and enrichment of rare blast cells. Enrichment of blast cells was achieved from blood with a one-step microfluidic blast cell biochip (BCB) sorting system, without specific targeting of proteins by antibodies. Non-target cells encountered a differential net force as compared to stiffer blast cells and were removed. The efficiency of the BCB promotes high detection sensitivity (1 in 10<sup>6</sup> cells) even from patients with minimal residual disease. The procedure was validated using actual blast cells from patients with various types of leukemia. Outcomes were compared to current evaluation standards, such as flow cytometry, using BM aspirates. Blast cell detection efficiency was higher in 55.6% of the patients using the BCB as compared to flow cytometry, despite the lower concentrations of blast cells in liquid biopsy. These studies promote early-stage detection and routine monitoring for minimal residual disease in patients.