gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collector-based cell reordering in load-balanced switch fabrics (2013)

Load-balanced switch fabrics offer the promise of very high capacity without the requirement of increased operating rates. We provide a novel solution to the well-known cell reordering problem, which arises in load-balanced switch fabrics if different paths through the switch fabric have different delays. We give a simple sorting circuit, easily implemented in hardware, that can be placed in the final stage of the fabric. This minimizes the delay through the fabric and removes any constraints on operation of the first stage. We show that the sorting circuit can be implemented to operate at a rate of one cell per cycle; we give a probabilistic analysis of required queue occupancies, both at the sorting circuit and at midstage elements; we also briefly discuss congestion control in load-balanced switch fabrics.
Halbach array motor/generators: A novel generalized electric machine (1995)

For many years Klaus Halbach has been investigating novel designs for permanent magnet arrays, using advanced analytical approaches and employing a keen insight into such systems. One of his motivations for this research was to find more efficient means for the utilization of permanent magnets for use in particle accelerators and in the control of particle beams. As a result of his pioneering work, high power free-electron laser systems, such as the ones built at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, became feasible, and his arrays have been incorporated into other particle-focusing systems of various types. This paper reports another, quite different, application of Klaus` work, in the design of high power, high efficiency, electric generators and motors. When tested, these motor/generator systems display some rather remarkable properties. Their success derives from the special properties which these arrays, which the authors choose to call {open_quotes}Halbach arrays,{close_quotes} possess.
<title>Noninvasive transabdominal monitoring of fetal cerebral oxygenation using pulse oximetry</title> (1999)

Pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation monitoring) has markedly improved medical care in many fields, including anesthesiology, intensive care, and newborn intensive care. In obstetrics, fetal heart rate monitoring remains the standard for intrapartum assessment of fetal well being. Fetal oxygen saturation monitoring is a new technique currently under development. It is potentially superior to electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (cardiotocography) because it allows direct assessment of both fetal oxygen status and fetal tissue perfusion. Here, we present feasibility studies for trans-abdominal fetal cerebral pulse oximetry. Our experiments on more than 20 patients indicate feasibility. We will present the methodology for obtaining these data, as well as a summary of our pilot clinical study.
Investigation of a novel discharge EUV source for microlithography (2006)

A plasma discharge could be an inexpensive and efficient EUV source for microlithography, if issues of brightness, lifetime, debris, repetition rate, and stability can be resolved. A novel discharge EUV source (international patent pending) is being investigated that may offer an economical solution to these issues. The novel EUV discharge seeks to efficiently assemble a hot, dense, uniform, axially stable plasma with magnetic pressure and inductive current drive, employing resonant theta-pinch-type compression of plasma confined in a magnetic mirror. This resonantly compressed mirror plasma (RCMP) source would be continuously driven by a radio frequency oscillator, to obtain an EUV conversion efficiency greater than that of sources in which the plasma is discarded after each radiation burst. An analytic calculation indicates the novel RCMP source could provide 115 W of 13.45 nm radiation in 3.3 mm<sup>2</sup>sr etendue to an intermediate focus. Numerical modeling of RCMP dynamics has been performed with MHRDR-EUVL, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulation with atomic and radiation physics. The numerical simulation demonstrates the efficacy of resonant magneto-acoustic heating. An experiment is being developed to test the new concept.
Combustion-Assisted Photonic Annealing of Printable Graphene Inks via Exothermic Binders (2017)

High-throughput and low-temperature processing of high-performance nanomaterial inks is an important technical challenge for large-area, flexible printed electronics. In this report, we demonstrate nitrocellulose as an exothermic binder for photonic annealing of conductive graphene inks, leveraging the rapid decomposition kinetics and built-in energy of nitrocellulose to enable versatile process integration. This strategy results in superlative electrical properties that are comparable to extended thermal annealing at 350 °C, using a pulsed light process that is compatible with thermally sensitive substrates. The resulting porous microstructure and broad liquid-phase patterning compatibility are exploited for printed graphene microsupercapacitors on paper-based substrates.
Synthesis of Phakellistatin 11:  A Micronesia (Chuuk) Marine Sponge Cyclooctapeptide (2001)

The cyclic octapeptide phakellistatin 11 (1), a constituent of The Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk) marine sponge Phakellia sp., was synthesized using solid-phase techniques. An initial solution-phase synthesis proved to be inadequate owing to spontaneous deprotection of the Fmoc group at the heptapeptide stage. Using the PAL resin attachment and proceeding from Fmoc-Glu-alpha-allyl ester, linear elongation of the octapeptide was performed until the final unit Pro was added. The allyl ester was removed using Pd(0)[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](4). Cleavage of the final Fmoc group and cyclization with PyAOP provided phakellistatin 11 (1) in 17% overall yield. The synthetic specimen of phakellistatin 11 (1) was found to be chemically but not biologically (cancer cell lines) identical to the natural product. The result suggested a conformational difference or more likely the presence of a trace amount of a highly active antineoplastic agent that binds noncovalently to the natural cyclic octapeptide 1.
5‐2: A Novel Diffractive Backlight Concept for Mobile Displays (2007)

Abstract Power efficiency demands on mobile communication device displays have become severe with the emergence of full video capable phones and mobile telephony services such as the third‐generation networks (3G). One way of reducing the power dissipation of a mobile liquid‐crystal display (LCD) is to efficiently distribute and outcouple the light available in the backlight unit (BLU) to direct the light in a spectrum‐specific fashion through the respective color pixels. This paper describes a diffractive optics approach to realize a novel backlight unit. A model grating structure was fabricated and the outcoupled distribution of light was studied. The results verify that the new BLU concept based on an array of spectrum‐specific gratings is possible.
Nanoscale subsurface imaging via resonant difference-frequency atomic force ultrasonic microscopy (2007)

A scanning probe microscope methodology, called resonant difference-frequency atomic force ultrasonic microscopy (RDF-AFUM), has been developed. It employs an ultrasonic wave launched from the bottom of a sample while the cantilever of an atomic force microscope, driven at a frequency differing from the ultrasonic frequency by one of the contact resonance frequencies of the cantilever, engages the sample top surface. The nonlinear mixing of the oscillating cantilever and the ultrasonic wave in the region defined by the cantilever tip–sample surface interaction force generates difference-frequency oscillations at the cantilever contact resonance. The resonance-enhanced difference-frequency signals are used to create images of nanoscale near-surface and subsurface features. An analytical model is presented for assessing the RDF-AFUM phase signal resulting from near-surface variations in the sample contact stiffness and from the interaction of the bulk wave with subsurface structures. The application of the model to RDF-AFUM phase measurements of a 12.7μm thick film of LaRC™-CP2 polyimide polymer containing a monolayer of gold nanoparticles embedded 7μm below the specimen surface reveals variations in the Young modulus of the material of approximately 24% over regions roughly 10–35nm wide. The magnitude of the modulus variations suggests the occurrence of contiguous amorphous and crystalline phases within the bulk of the polymer. The RDF-AFUM micrograph indicates a preferential growth of the crystalline phase in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticles.
Guest-Host Interactions in Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells with Twisted and Tilted Alignments (1979)

Abstract The liquid crystal display device using guest-host interactions has. attracted interest recently because of displaying color and wide viewing angle. This paper describes dyes with high dichroic ratio, and proposes two new types of the guest-host cell being more useful than usual one. One of them is the cell with twisted molecular alignment and has sharper threshold voltage than the usual cell with homogeneous alignment. The other one with small pretilt from homeotropic alignment is made of a host nematic with negative dielectric anisotropy and is the positive type display device with high color contrast. The optimal pretilt angle of this cell is also clarified.
Improving application throughput with enterprise JavaBeans caching (2004)

We present the design of an Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) caching architecture, and show that EJB caching can greatly improve application throughput. Throughput is improved because data serving is offloaded from the database server to the cache-enabled application server. An important feature of our architecture is that the caching function is transparent to applications that use it. The cache-enabled application server uses the same (EJB) programming model, and the same transactional semantics, as provided by non-caching architectures.
[(3-Pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]benzocycloheptapyridine Derivatives as Dual Antagonists of PAF and Histamine (1994)

A series of [(3-pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]- and (nicotinoylpiperidylidene)benzocycloheptapyridine derivatives, Ia,b, were prepared and evaluated for PAF antagonist and H1 antihistamine activity. PAF antagonist activity was investigated by the in vitro PAF-induced platelet aggregation assay (PPA) and the in vivo PAF-induced hypotension test in rats (PH) and mortality test in mice (PM). For the evaluation of H1 antihistamine activity, the in vitro histamine-induced contraction of the guinea-pig ileum assay (HC) and the in vivo histamine-induced hypotension test (HH) in normotensive rats were used. The potential antiallergic activity of the compounds was evaluated using the active anaphylactic shock test in mice. These compounds are structurally related to loratadine (1) and were generated by replacement of the ethoxycarbonyl group of 1 with substituted 3-pyridylmethyl and nicotinoyl moieties. Both anti-PAF and H1 antihistamine activities have shown a high dependence on the exact nature and position of the substituent in the pyridine ring. Optimum structure 19 (UR-12592) incorporating a (5-methyl-3-pyridyl)methyl radical displayed an unique dual activity inhibiting both PAF-induced effects (PPA, IC50 = 3.7 microM; PH, ID50 = 0.44 mg/kg iv; PM, ID50 = 1.9 mg/kg po) and histamine-induced effects (HC, IC50 = 3.9 nM; HH, ID50 = 1.4 mg/kg iv). Furthermore, 19 was highly active in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic shock in rats (ID50 = 1.2 mg/kg po) and strongly protected mice and rats from mortality induced by endotoxin (ID50 = 1.2 and 0.5 mg/kg iv, respectively). Compound 19 showed itself to be devoid of CNS depressant effects, neither modifying spontaneous motor activity nor prolonging barbiturate-sleeping time in mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg po, and is now under development.
Poly(pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane). I. Synthesis and characterization (2002)

Abstract We have discovered that pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 H) can be readily polymerized into poly(pentmethylcyclopentasiloxane) (PD 5 ) with a Pt (Karstedt) catalyst in the presence of water in bulk or in solution at 100 °C and that the product is a solid with extraordinary properties. The polymerization starts with the oxidation of the SiH groups by water into an intermediate containing SiOH groups (SiH + H 2 O → SiOH + H 2 ), which is followed immediately by the condensation (2SiO → SiOSi) of D 5 H rings into complex aggregates of cyclosiloxane moieties. According to Raman spectroscopy, an average of three of the five SiH functionalities are converted, and the final product contains only a negligible number of SiOH groups. The melting and glass‐transition temperatures of the monomer are exceptionally low: T m,D5H = −137.6 ± 1 and T g,D5H = −152 ± 2 °C. The polymer exhibits an unprecedented combination of properties: it is a stiff and brittle solid, is insoluble in common solvents, does not exhibit a melting endotherm but has an extremely low glass transition ( T g,PD5 = −151 ± 0.5 °C), and is thermally stable up to at least 700 °C. Brillouin scattering indicates very slow variation of the relaxation time with temperature, a property characteristic of strong glass‐forming systems such as silica glass. This characteristic may account for the unique combination of properties of the new polymer: an extremely low glass‐transition temperature combined with solidlike properties even at ambient temperature (more than twice its glass‐transition temperature). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1285–1292, 2002
A Novel Peptide ELISA for Universal Detection of Antibodies to Human H5N1 Influenza Viruses (2011)

The peptide-ELISA based on the highly conserved and antigenic H5 epitope (CNTKCQTP) provides sensitive and highly specific detection of antibodies to H5N1 influenza viruses. This study highlighted the use of synthetic peptide as a capture antigen in rapid detection of antibodies to H5N1 in human and animal sera that is robust, simple and cost effective and is particularly beneficial for developing countries and rural areas.
Joint channel assignment and routing for throughput optimization in multi-radio wireless mesh networks (2005)

Multi-hop infrastructure wireless mesh networks offer increased reliability, coverage and reduced equipment costs over their single-hop counterpart, wireless LANs. Equipping wireless routers with multiple radios further improves the capacity by transmitting over multiple radios simultaneously using orthogonal channels. Efficient channel assignment and routing is essential for throughput optimization of mesh clients. Efficient channel assignment schemes can greatly relieve the interference effect of close-by transmissions; effective routing schemes can alleviate potential congestion on any gateways to the Internet, thereby improving per-client throughput. Unlike previous heuristic approaches, we mathematically formulate the joint channel assignment and routing problem, taking into account the interference constraints, the number of channels in the network and the number of radios available at each mesh router. We then use this formulation to develop a solution for our problem that optimizes the overall network throughput subject to fairness constraints on allocation of scarce wireless capacity among mobile clients. We show that the performance of our algorithms is within a constant factor of that of any optimal algorithm for the joint channel assignment and routing problem. Our evaluation demonstrates that our algorithm can effectively exploit the increased number of channels and radios, and it performs much better than the theoretical worst case bounds.
Combining data mining and machine learning for effective user profiling (1996)

This paper describes the automatic design of methods for detecting fraudulent behavior. Much of the design is accomplished using a series of machine learning methods. In particular, we combine data mining and constructive induction with more standard machine learning techniques to design methods for detecting fraudulent usage of cellular telephones based on profiling customer behavior. Specifically, we use a rulelearning program to uncover indicators of fraudulent behavior from a large database of cellular calls. These indicators are used to create profilers, which then serve as features to a system that combines evidence from multiple profilers to generate high-confidence alarms. Experiments indicate that this automatic approach performs nearly as well as the best hand-tuned methods for detecting fraud. Introduction In the United States, cellular fraud costs the telecommunications industry hundreds of millions of dollars per year (Walters &amp; Wilkinson 1994). A specific kind of cellul...
Continuous versus discrete operation of a spatial light modulator (1993)

Liquid crystal television projectors have increasingly commonly been the source of inexpensive and readily available spatial light modulators.
A dual site catalyst for mild, selective nitrile reduction (2013)

We report a novel ruthenium bis(pyrazolyl)borate scaffold that enables cooperative reduction reactivity in which boron and ruthenium centers work in concert to effect selective nitrile reduction. The pre-catalyst compound [κ(3)-(1-pz)2HB(N = CHCH3)]Ru(cymene)(+) TfO(-) (pz = pyrazolyl) was synthesized using readily-available materials through a straightforward route, thus making it an appealing catalyst for a number of reactions.
Capillary microchannel fabrication using plasma polymerized TMDS for fluidic MEMS technology (2009)

This paper reports the first use of cold plasma deposition of polymerizable monomers for the fast, cost-effective and easy fabrication of buried air microchannels. A new method named 'plasma polymerization on sacrificial layer' (PPSL) is presented. It consists in the direct polymerization of tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) on a photopatterned sacrificial layer. Channels are formed with only one lithographic mask and without any etching or bonding process. The use of polymerized TMDS allows rapid creation of capillarity-driven flow systems with the channel width ranging from 4 to 700 µm without pillars. Channels are characterized and successfully tested. Capillary forces draw water, as well as aqueous solution into the channel from the inlet reservoir to the outlet one, avoiding the need of microfluidic connectors with the surrounding environment. Filling of the capillaries is very fast. It reaches the initial velocity of 4.4 cm/s with the geometries and water used here. In addition, PPSL easily allows the building of transparent channel networks directly on processed electrochemical or electromagnetic components. An example of one such integrated fluidic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is described.
Noise-coupled continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs (2009)

The noise-coupling technique successfully used in discrete-time delta-sigma analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) is extended to the realisation of continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs, resulting in improved quantisation noise shaping. To verify the proposed design methodology, a second-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator with noise coupling is designed and simulated.
<title>Optical imaging in the frequency domain</title> (1993)

Our laboratory has developed a modular laser tomography system, with pulsed or amplitude modulated (MHz to GHz), near infrared lasers that deliver a probing beam to the tissue of interest through a fiber optic. After the incoming light is scattered and attenuated by the tissue, a detector or imaging fiber optic bundle delivers it to a point detector (photomultiplier tube) which is heterodyned with the modulation frequency to yield the phase delay and demodulation resulting from the light-tissue interaction. The CCD electronics are phase-locked with those of the digitizer to minimize pixel jitter and, in addition, an external clock synchronizes the detector units with the modulated laser source. The digitized time slices are integrated into four bins corresponding to four quadrants of the cross correlation period. The final processing step, a fast Fourier transform, generates the phase shift, demodulation, and average intensity data suitable for image reconstruction.
Learn&Fuzz: Machine Learning for Input Fuzzing (2017)

Fuzzing consists of repeatedly testing an application with modified, or fuzzed, inputs with the goal of finding security vulnerabilities in input-parsing code. In this paper, we show how to automate the generation of an input grammar suitable for input fuzzing using sample inputs and neural-network-based statistical machine-learning techniques. We present a detailed case study with a complex input format, namely PDF, and a large complex security-critical parser for this format, namely, the PDF parser embedded in Microsoft's new Edge browser. We discuss (and measure) the tension between conflicting learning and fuzzing goals: learning wants to capture the structure of well-formed inputs, while fuzzing wants to break that structure in order to cover unexpected code paths and find bugs. We also present a new algorithm for this learn&fuzz challenge which uses a learnt input probability distribution to intelligently guide where to fuzz inputs.
Serial fusion of Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches for accurate heart-rate estimation using face videos (2017)

Camera-equipped devices are ubiquitous and proliferating in the day-to-day life. Accurate heart rate (HR) estimation from the face videos acquired from the low cost cameras in a non-contact manner, can be used in many real-world scenarios and hence, require rigorous exploration. This paper has presented an accurate and near real-time HR estimation system using these face videos. It is based on the phenomenon that the color and motion variations in the face video are closely related to the heart beat. The variations also contain the noise due to facial expressions, respiration, eye blinking and environmental factors which are handled by the proposed system. Neither Eulerian nor Lagrangian temporal signals can provide accurate HR in all the cases. The cases where Eulerian temporal signals perform spuriously are determined using a novel poorness measure and then both the Eulerian and Lagrangian temporal signals are employed for better HR estimation. Such a fusion is referred as serial fusion. Experimental results reveal that the error introduced in the proposed algorithm is 1.8±3.6 which is significantly lower than the existing well known systems.
InP:Fe photoconductors as photodetectors (1983)

Impulse response measurements of photoconductors fabricated from Fe-doped, semi-insulating InP crystals are described. Results show purely exponential decay transients with decay times which are inversely related to Fe concentrations. Photoconductive gains as high as 5 have been demonstrated in photoconductors with AuGe and AuSn contacts. Response times from 150 to 1000 ps are Observed.