gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detergents containing a 1,3-diene group in the hydrophobic segment. Facile chemical modification by a Diels-Alder reaction with hydrophilic dienophiles in aqueous solution (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetergents containing a 1,3-diene group in the hydrophobic segment. Facile chemical modification by a Diels-Alder reaction with hydrophilic dienophiles in aqueous solutionJohn F. W. Keana, Anthony P. Guzikowski, Claude Morat, and Johannes J. VolwerkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 16, 2661–2666Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00164a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (830 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IPAC: IP-based Adaptive Packet Concatenation for Multihop Wireless Networks (2006)

Because medium contention occurs for each packet that is transmitted in a IEEE 802.11 wireless network, transmission of a large number of small packets can be particularly detrimental to performance. As a result of contention overhead, end-to-end delay and energy dissipation increase and the medium utilization decreases. In this paper, our goal is to reduce contention through concatenation of several small packets into a single large packet, and subsequently transmit this large packet. We propose IPAC, an IP-based packet concatenation protocol that adaptively selects an appropriate packet size based on the route quality. Simulation results show that with IPAC, contention is reduced by a factor of two, resulting in a throughput increase by a factor of two to three.
Interval Player: Designing a virtual musical instrument using in-air gestures (2015)

We present a novel virtual musical instrument interface based on in-air 3D gestures called the Interval Player. Instead of specifying absolute notes, the user specifies the melodic interval between the most recent note and the next one. The non-dominant hand is used to specify chords for harmony. We discuss the principles and rationale used in the design.
Neural solution to the multitarget tracking data association problem (1989)

The problem of tracking multiple targets in the presence of clutter is addressed. The joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm has been previously reported to be suitable for this problem in that it makes few assumptions and can handle many targets as long as the clutter density is not very high. However, the complexity of this algorithm increases rapidly with the number of targets and returns. An approximation of the JPDA that uses an analog computational network to solve the data association problem is suggested. The problem is viewed as that of optimizing a suitably chosen energy function. Simple neural-network structures for the approximate minimization of such functions have been proposed by other researchers. The analog network used offers a significant degree of parallelism and thus can compute the association probabilities more rapidly. Computer simulations indicate the ability of the algorithm to track many targets simultaneously in the presence of moderately dense clutter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Complex phase/amplitude spatial light modulator advances and use in a multispectral optical correlator</title> (1997)

Optical processing systems often require compact high frame rate spatial light modulators (SLMs), usually with application specific modulation requirements in the complex plane. In this paper we discuss several advances at Boulder Nonlinear Systems toward this goal, including our liquid crystal (LC) on VLSI 128 X 128 analog SLM, and our multispectral hybrid incoherent to coherent converter.We also present the analysis of optical modulation possibilities when utilizing zero twist nematic and planar aligned chiral smectic LC on a reflective backplane. Finally we present the design of a multispectral optical correlator for machine vision applications such as food inspection, security, or manufacturing inspection.
The application of molecular similarity calculations (1990)

Abstract A prescription for applying the method of molecular similarity calculations based on electrostatic potentials and fields is developed by consideration of a typical structure‐activity series. Firm conclusions are drawn about the nature of the grid of points surrounding the molecules and about the choice of geometry, but options for point charges are less clearcut.
New tiling techniques to improve cache temporal locality (1999)

Tiling is a well-known loop transformation to improve temporal locality of nested loops. Current compiler algorithms for tiling are limited to loops which are perfectly nested or can be transformed, in trivial ways, into a perfect nest. This paper presents a number of program transformations to enable tiling for a class of nontrivial imperfectly-nested loops such that cache locality is improved. We define a program model for such loops and develop compiler algorithms for their tiling. We propose to adopt odd-even variable duplication to break anti- and output dependences without unduly increasing the working-set size, and to adopt speculative execution to enable tiling of loops which may terminate prematurely due to, e.g. convergence tests in iterative algorithms. We have implemented these techniques in a research compiler, Panorama. Initial experiments with several benchmark programs are performed on SGI workstations based on MIPS R5K and R10K processors. Overall, the transformed programs run faster by 9% to 164%.
Electrochemical and chemical reduction of furopyrazines, thienopyrazines, furoquinoxalines and thienoquinoxalines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical and chemical reduction of furopyrazines, thienopyrazines, furoquinoxalines and thienoquinoxalinesJoseph Armand, Christian Bellec, Line Boulares, Patrick Chaquin, Daniel Masure, and Jean PinsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 16, 4840–4845Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00016a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00016a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual Acuity in Simple Myopic Astigmatism: Influence of Cylinder Axis (2006)

The strength of the vector representing the astigmatic refractive state describes very accurately the performance of visual acuity across simple myopic astigmatic errors. In these cases, visual acuity can be associated with a single refractive parameter. This fact could be useful, especially in statistical studies involving visual performance.
PROBING EXCITON DYNAMICS IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN (2007)

The results of a population-based follow-up study are presented. The baseline study which started in August 1987, was carried out to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in the Kagera region of Tanzania. A multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the study population. In the follow-up survey which started in June 1988, members of the same study population were revisited and studied in order to determine the incidence of HIV-1 infection among those who were HIV seronegative in the initial survey. HIV serology was conducted by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and all positive sera were confirmed by the Western blot technique. A total population of 1316 adults aged 15-54 years was studied, constituting an average follow-up response rate of 69% in the rural areas and of 59% in the urban area. The overall incidence of HIV-1 infection among the adult population sample was 13.7 per 1000 person-years at risk with the highest incidence in the urban zone (47.5 per 1000 person-years at risk) and the lowest incidence in one of the three rural zones (4.9 per 1000 person-years at risk). The age-specific annual incidence was highest in the age group 25-34 years for males and in the age group 15-24 for females. From these results it was estimated that the number of newly infected adults in the region each year is about 8200 with a range between 5400 and 11,000 corresponding to the 95% confidence limits on the overall incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Discrete Breathers in One-Dimensional Diatomic Granular Crystals (2010)

We report the experimental observation of modulational instability and discrete breathers in a one-dimensional diatomic granular crystal composed of compressed elastic beads that interact via Hertzian contact. We first characterize their effective linear spectrum both theoretically and experimentally. We then illustrate theoretically and numerically the modulational instability of the lower edge of the optical band. This leads to the dynamical formation of long-lived breather structures, whose families of solutions we compute throughout the linear spectral gap. Finally, we experimentally observe the manifestation of the modulational instability and the resulting generation of localized breathing modes with quantitative characteristics that agree with our numerical results.
Fifth Annual Meeting of the European Society of Nuclear Methods in Agriculture, held in Bucharest, Romania, 19–23 September 1974 (1975)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs): Structures and Small Molecule Inhibitors (2019)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases expressed on the cell membrane that play crucial roles in both developmental and adult cells. Dysregulation of FGFRs has been implicated in a wide variety of cancers, such as urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. Due to their functional importance, FGFRs have been considered as promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. Multiple small molecule inhibitors targeting this family of kinases have been developed, and some of them are in clinical trials. Furthermore, the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC). This review summarizes the structure of FGFR, especially its kinase domain, and the development of small molecule FGFR inhibitors.
Comparison of Pharmacodynamics of Azithromycin and Erythromycin In Vitro and In Vivo (1998)

In this study, we determined the efficacy of various dosing regimens for erythromycin and azithromycin against four pneumococci with different susceptibilities to penicillin in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model and in a mouse peritonitis model. The MIC was 0.03 microg/ml, and the 50% effective doses (determined after one dose) of both drugs were comparable for the four pneumococcal strains and were in the range of 1.83 to 6.22 mg/kg. Dosing experiments with mice, using regimens for azithromycin of one to eight doses/6 h, showed the one-dose regimen to give the best result; of the pharmacodynamic parameters tested (the maximum drug concentration in serum [Cmax], the times that the drug concentration in serum remained above the MIC and above the concentration required for maximum killing, and the area under the concentration time curve), Cmax was the best predictor of outcome. The bacterial counts in mouse blood or peritoneal fluid during the first 24 h after challenge were not correlated to survival of the mice. The serum concentration profiles obtained with mice for the different dosing regimens were simulated in the in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Here as well, the one-dose regimen of azithromycin showed the best result. However, the killing curves in vivo in mouse blood and peritoneal fluid and in the vitro pharmacokinetic model were not similar. The in vitro killing curves showed a decrease of 2 log10 within 2 and 3 h for azithromycin and erythromycin, respectively whereas the in vivo killing curves showed a bacteriostatic effect for both drugs. It is concluded that the results in terms of predictive pharmacodynamic parameters are comparable for the in vitro and in vivo models and that high initial concentrations of azithromycin favor a good outcome.
Poly (methacrylic) acid and \gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane/clay nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization (2002)

Yil: 2002Cilt: 26Sayi: 6ISSN: 1300-0527 / 1303-6130Sayfa Araligi: 925 - 937Metin Dili:Ingilizce
Three-dimensional digital scanner based on micromachined micromirror for the metrological measurement of the human ear canal (2005)

Manufacturers of hearing aids have made initial testing of rapid prototyping of hearing aid shells using laser scans of ear impressions, but they have not performed any actual scans of the human ear canal. We report the direct scanning of the human external auditory canal by using an electromagnetically actuated torsion micromirror fabricated by using a micromachining technique as the scanner. This demonstrates the actual scanning of the human external auditory canal by a single integral microelectro-optical-mechanical system (MEOMS). A prototype three-dimensional (3D) scanning system was developed: It is based on the acquisition of optical range data by a conoscopic holographic laser interferometer using an electromagnetically actuated scanning MEOMS micromirror. A fabrication process, based on a poly(methylmethacrylate) sacrificial layer for the fabrication of a free-standing micromirror was used. Micromirror actuation was achieved by using a magnetic field generated with an electromagnetic coil stick. The micromirror and electromagnet coil assembly compose the opto-mechanical scanning probe used for entering the auditory canal. Based on an actual scan map, a 3D reconstructed digital model of the ear canal was built using a surface point distribution approach. The prototype system allows a no-invasive 3D imaging of the ear canal with spatial resolution in the 10μm range. Fabrication of two complete hearing aids from in vivo ear canal scanning is also accomplished.
Dynamic reciprocity in the wound microenvironment (2011)

Here, we define dynamic reciprocity (DR) as an ongoing, bidirectional interaction among cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In this review, we posit that DR is especially meaningful during wound healing as the DR-driven biochemical, biophysical, and cellular responses to injury play pivotal roles in regulating tissue regenerative responses. Such cell-extracellular matrix interactions not only guide and regulate cellular morphology, but also cellular differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival during tissue development, including, e.g., embryogenesis, angiogenesis, as well as during pathologic processes including cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic wound healing. Herein, we examine DR within the wound microenvironment while considering specific examples across acute and chronic wound healing. This review also considers how a number of hypotheses that attempt to explain chronic wound pathophysiology may be understood within the DR framework. The implications of applying the principles of DR to optimize wound care practice and future development of innovative wound healing therapeutics are also briefly considered.
Arginine Deiminase of Mycoplasma hominis: Cytoplasmic and Membrane-associated Forms (1986)

Membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of Mycoplasma hominis inhibited the multiplication of this mycoplasma. Arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6), isolated from both fractions, reproduced the inhibition. The purified cytoplasmic deiminase had a subunit Mr of 49,000, a specific activity of 53 units (mg protein)-1 and an A280/A260 ratio of 1.76. The membrane-associated enzyme had an identical Mr but lower values for specific activity [39 units (mg protein)-1] and the A280/A260 ratio (1.46). In experiments in vitro, recent clinical isolates of M. hominis produced less arginine deiminase, but grew faster than the laboratory reference strain PG 21. In addition, other growth inhibitory components associated with membrane preparations were detected in recent clinical isolates but were absent from strain PG 21.
Long-Term Volumetric Retention of Autologous Fat Grafting Processed With Closed-Membrane Filtration (2014)

3.
Decahedral Single-Crystalline Particles of Anatase Titanium(IV) Oxide with High Photocatalytic Activity (2009)

Decahedral single-crystalline anatase particles prepared by a newly developed gas-phase process showed photocatalytic activities superior to those of P25 photocatalyst despite their relatively smaller specific surface area compared with that of P25, probably because of the low density of particle boundaries and crystalline defects.
pH-Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin from Citrate–Apatite Nanocrystals with Tailored Carbonate Content (2013)

In this work, the efficiency of bioinspired citrate-functionalized nanocrystalline apatites as nanocarriers for delivery of doxorubicin (DOXO) has been assessed. The nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomplexing of metastable calcium/citrate/phosphate solutions both in the absence (Ap) and in the presence (cAp) of carbonate ions. The presence of citrate and carbonate ions in the solution allowed us to tailor the size, shape, carbonate content, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. The drug-loading efficiency of the two types of apatite was evaluated by means of the adsorption isotherms, which were found to fit a Langmuir-Freundlich behavior. A model describing the interaction between apatite surface and DOXO is proposed from adsorption isotherms and ζ-potential measurements. DOXO is adsorbed as a dimer by means of a positively charged amino group that electrostatically interacts with negatively charged surface groups of nanoparticles. The drug-release profiles were explored at pHs 7.4 and 5.0, mimicking the physiological pH in the blood circulation and the more acidic pH in the endosome-lysosome intracellular compartment, respectively. After 7 days at pH 7.4, cAp-DOXO released around 42% less drug than Ap-DOXO. However, at acidic pH, both nanoassemblies released similar amounts of DOXO. In vitro assays analyzed by confocal microscopy showed that both drug-loaded apatites were internalized within GTL-16 human carcinoma cells and could release DOXO, which accumulated in the nucleus in short times and exerted cytotoxic activity with the same efficiency. cAp are thus expected to be a more promising nanocarrier for experiments in vivo, in situations where intravenous injection of nanoparticles are required to reach the targeted tumor, after circulating in the bloodstream.
Differently Selected <scp>d</scp> -Enantiomeric Peptides Act on Different Aβ Species (2009)

Aging is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). The pathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) forms and insoluble plaques, mainly composed of Abeta, in the brain of the patient. Recently, we reported on the selection of D-enantiomeric, Abeta-binding peptides D1 and D3. D1 was selected against aggregated Abeta species to address diagnosis by in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques, whereas D3 was selected using low-molecular-weight Abeta species, therefore addressing therapeutical studies. Here, we use a surface plasmon resonance method to confirm that both peptides show the desired binding specificities.
Sensors and acoustic modems powered by Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells at the MARS observatory (2013)

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Characteristics of scleral blood vessels by eye observation method of traditional medicine in patients with neck and shoulder pain (2023)

Background: Eye observation is an unusual diagnostic method of inspection, through observation the characteristics of blood vessels in the sclera. Objective: To survey the clinical characteristics and features of color and shape of scleral blood vessels at 12 o’clock position in patients with neck and shoulder pain. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 147 patients who were diagnosed with neck and shoulder pain at Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital. Results: The symptoms of the tongue and pulse: pale red tongue accounted for 42.2%, enlarged tongue 44.9%, white fur 83.0%, thin fur 63.3%, slippery fur 44.2%; sunken pulse 93.9%, moderate pulse 72.1%, replete pulse 73.5%. About scleral blood vessels: bright red 47.6% at the right eye (RE) and 44.9% at the left eye (LE); winding shape 61.9% (RE) and 57.1% (LE); branched shape 66.7% (RE) and 60.5% (LE). Conclusions: The symptoms of high rate were pale red tongue, enlarged tongue, white fur, thin fur, slippery fur, sunken pulse, moderate pulse and replete pulse. The characteristics of scleral blood vessels that appeared with highest frequency in both eyes were bright red, winding shape and branched shape. Key words: blood vessels, eye observation, neck and shoulder pain, traditional medicine