gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ly6G+ neutrophils and polymorphonuclear-myeloid derived suppressor cells promote the survival of tumor cells (2016)

Abstract Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells which suppress the immune system. Collectively a MDSC population is comprised of monocyte-like MDSC and polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC). The number of MDSC is increased with the presence of tumors. Our lab has previously shown that PMN-MDSC represent the majority of MDSC in tumor-bearing mice. We found that depletion of myeloid cells in vivo results in increased survival in a mouse model of multiple myeloma (MM). Direct co-culture of neutrophils (CD11b+Gr1+ cells from tumor-free mice) or PMN-MDSC (CD11b+Gr1+ cells from tumor-bearing mice) and MM cells increases the survival of the MM cells from chemotherapeutic-induced death. The protective effect is not due to cell-cell contact as neutrophil and PMN-MDSC supernatants also protect MM cells from cell death. This suggests that the factor protecting tumor cells is soluble. Results in the mouse were confirmed using human MM cells. Similar results have been replicated on breast cancer cells with neutrophils and PMN-MDSC. Several cytokines and growth factors, such as IL-6 and fibroblast growth factor, are implicated in chemoresistance. The role of these neutrophil and PMN-MDSC soluble factors and the identification of novel contributors to chemoresistance are under investigation.
Structure of the gene encoding the human leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (TQ1, Leu-8) of lymphocytes and neutrophils. (1990)

The leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1, TQ1, Leu-8), expressed by human lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and their precursors, is a member of the selectin family of cellular adhesion/homing receptors which play important roles in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. These cell surface molecules contain an amino-terminal lectin-like domain followed by an epidermal growth factor-like domain and a variable number of short consensus repeat sequences similar to those found in C3/C4 binding proteins. In this report, the structure of the lyam-1 gene that encodes the LAM-1 protein was determined by isolating overlapping genomic DNA clones that hybridized with a LAM-1 cDNA probe. The lyam-1 gene spans greater than 30 kilo base pairs of DNA and is composed of at least 10 exons. The 5' end of the LAM-1 mRNA was mapped by primer extension analysis revealing a single initiation region for transcription. Exons II through X contain translated sequences; exon II encodes the translation initiation codon; exon III, the leader peptide; IV, the lectin-like domain; V, the epidermal growth factor-like domain; VI and VII, the short consensus repeat units; exon VIII, the transmembrane region; exon IX encodes seven amino acids containing a potential phosphorylation site; and exon X encodes the five remaining amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail and the long 3' untranslated region. Sequencing of LAM-1 cDNA clones derived from neutrophils revealed that the protein expressed by neutrophils would be identical in sequence with the protein expressed by lymphocytes and cDNAs that would encode different isoforms of LAM-1 protein were not detected. In addition, the level of LAM-1 expression by lymphocytes and neutrophils from two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a disorder in which linkage of phosphatidylinositol anchors to proteins is defective, was similar to that of normal controls. Therefore, the usage of exons II through X results in the generation of a single major LAM-1 protein product expressed by lymphocytes and neutrophils.
THE RECOVERY OF METHYL f-BUTYL ETHER FROM CLOSE BOILING IMPURITIES BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION (1987)

Abstract Methyl t-butyl ether cannot be separated from close boiling compounds by distillation because of the proximity of boiling points. Methyl t-butyl ether can be readily separated from close boiling ethers or hydrocarbons by using extractive distillation in which the extractive agent is dimethylformamide alone or admixed with certain organic compounds. KEYWORDS: Methyl t-butyl etherExtractive distillation
Automatic Heart Isolation for CT Coronary Visualization Using Graph-Cuts (2006)

We describe a means to automatically and efficiently isolate the outer surface of the entire heart in computer tomography (CT) cardiac scans. Isolating the entire heart allows the coronary vessels on the surface of the heart to be easily visualized despite the proximity of surrounding organs such as the ribs and pulmonary blood vessels. Numerous techniques have been described for segmenting the left ventricle of the heart in images from various types of medical scanners but rarely has the entire heart been segmented. We make use of graph-cuts to do the segmentation and introduce a novel means of initiating and constraining the graph-cut technique for heart isolation. The technique has been tested on 70 patient data sets. Results are compares with hand labeled results
High resolution fiber-optic voltage sensors based on the electrostrictive effect (1994)

Abstract We demonstrate high resolution fiber-optic dc and ac voltage sensors based on the electrostrictive effect in PMN based relaxor ferroelectrics. The quadratic relationship between the applied voltage and the induced strain in electrostrictive ceramics allows mixing of a signal at frequency ω with a carrier at a much higher frequency ω, thereby upconverting the information of interest to a frequency region (ω±ω) in which 1/f noise is not significant. Using PMN based electrostrictive elliptical transducers in conjunction with high resolution fiber optic interferometers we have observed a resolution of 129 nV/√Hz at 30 milliHertz and 40 nV/√Hz at 1 Hz. The device functions as an ac voltage sensor in the de-biased mode. We have observed resolution of < 10 nV/√Hz between 500 Hz -50 kHz when the device is used in the dc-biased mode.
Effects of increased dietary lysine on sow and litter performance (1998)

Three hundred arid fifty three lactating sows were used to determine the effects of increased dietary lysine on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, sows were assigned to com-soybean meal lactation diets consisting of either 1.0 or 1.3% total lysine. A treatment by parity interaction was observed, with first parity sows fed 1.3% lysine having heavier litter weaning weights than sows fed 1.00/0 lysine. Surprisingly, third and fourth parity sows fed 1.3% lysine had lower litter weaning weights than those fed 1.0% lysine. No other treatment by parity interactions existed. No differences were observed in the number of pigs weaned or pig survivability. Sows fed 1.3 % lysine tended to consume less feed in the first week of lactation than sow fed 1.0% lysine (9.6 vs 10.0 Ibid), with no differences observed during week 2 or overall. No differences were observed in subsequent performance of the sows on days to estrus; farrowing rate; or number of pigs born, born alive, stillborn, or born mummified. This experiment showed that increasing dietary lysine from 1.0% to 1.3% increased litter weaning weights for parity 1 sows but not for older sows.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1998
Quantum communications over optical fiber networks (2007)

Quantum communications is an emerging field with many promising applications. Its usefulness and range of applicability in optical fiber will depend strongly on the extent to which quantum channels can be reliably transported over transparent reconfigurable optical networks, rather than being limited to dedicated point-to-point links. This presents a number of challenges, particularly when single-photon quantum and much higher power classical optical signals are combined onto a single physical infrastructure to take advantage of telecom networks built to carry conventional traffic. In this paper, we report on experimental demonstrations of successful quantum key distribution (QKD) in this complex environment, and on measurements of physical-layer impairments, including Raman scattering from classical optical channels, which can limit QKD performance. We then extend the analysis using analytical models incorporating impairments, to investigate QKD performance while multiplexed with conventional data channels at other wavelengths. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for evaluating the most promising domains of use for QKD in real-world optical networks.
A wavelet domain diversity method for transmission of images over wireless channels (2000)

We propose a wavelet domain diversity combining method to combat errors during image transmission on wireless channels. For images represented in the wavelet domain, diversity is used to obtain multiple data streams corresponding to the transmitted image at the receiver. These individual image data streams are combined to form a composite image with higher perceptual quality. Both uncompressed and compressed images are considered. The SPIHT algorithm is used for image compression. Diversity combining methods for both uncompressed and compressed images exploit the characteristics of the wavelet transform. For compressed images, unequal error protection is employed in conjunction with diversity combining. Simulation results demonstrate that the quality of the received image can be significantly improved.
Allosteric Small Molecule Inhibitors of LMPTP (2015)

Obesity is frequently complicated by a constellation of metabolic and cardiovascular anomalies, called the metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality of affected individuals. Insulin resistance is an important component of the metabolic syndrome. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that regulate insulin signaling are in principle excellent therapeutic targets for insulin resistance syndromes. The low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP), encoded by the ACP1 gene, represents an attractive target in this family. LMPTP is highly expressed in adipocytes and there is strong in vitro and in vivo evidence that LMPTP is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and a promising drug target for obesity. Genetic association studies in humans support a role for LMPTP in insulin resistance and the metabolic complications of obesity. In vivo, partial knock-down of LMPTP expression by specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) led to improved glycemic and lipid profiles and decreased insulin resistance in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. This probe report describes the first (and first-in-class) selective allosteric LMPTP inhibitor, ML400 (CID 73050863, SID 173019983). ML400 is potent (EC50∼1μM), selective against other phosphatases, and displays good cell-based activity as well as rodent pharmacokinetics. As such it should be a valuable tool to explore the effects of selective LMPTP inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
Development of Hydrogen Gas Sensors Using Quartz Resonator (2011)

The hydrogen gas sensor using quartz resonators is developed to measure less than 4% hydrogen concentration in air. This sensor consists of two quartz resonators. Both sides of electrodes of the sensor resonator are made by platinum thin film. And the reference resonator has Au electrodes. By using this reference resonator, the influence of the temperature and pressure will be canceled. This sensor can measure hydrogen concentration from reaction heat on the platinum catalyst. From experimental results, the frequency of sensor changed linearly in 0% to 5% hydrogen concentrations mixed with the air. The sensor showed 20ppm frequency translation per 1%, and the time constant is about 20 seconds.
CFH, ELOVL4, PLEKHA1 and LOC387715 genes and susceptibility to age-related maculopathy: AREDS and CHS cohorts and meta-analyses (2006)

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is an important cause of visual impairment in the elderly population. It is of crucial importance to identify genetic factors and their interactions with environmental exposures for this disorder. This study was aimed at investigating the CFH, ELOVL4, PLEKHA1 and LOC387715 genes in independent cohorts collected using different ascertainment schemes. The study used a case-control design with subjects originally recruited through the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). CFH was significantly associated with ARM in both cohorts (P</=0.00001). A meta-analysis confirmed that the risk allele in the heterozygous or homozygous state (OR, 2.4 and 6.2; 95% CI, 2.2-2.7 and 5.4-7.2, respectively) confers susceptibility. LOC387715 was also significantly associated with ARM in both cohorts (P</=0.00001) and a meta-analysis confirmed that the risk allele in the heterozygous and homozygous state (OR, 2.5 and 7.3; 95% CI, 2.2-2.9 and 5.7-9.4, respectively) confers susceptibility. Both CFH and LOC387715 showed an allele-dose effect on the ARM risk, individuals homozygous at either locus were at more than two-fold risk compared to those heterozygous. PLEKHA1, which is closely linked to LOC387715, was significantly associated with ARM status in the AREDS cohort, but not the CHS cohort and ELOVL4 was not significantly associated with ARM in either cohort. Joint action of CFH and LOC387715 was best described by independent multiplicative effect without significant interaction in both cohorts. Interaction of both genes with cigarette smoking was insignificant in both cohorts. This study provides additional support for the CFH and LOC387715 genes in ARM susceptibility via the evaluation of cohorts that had different ascertainment schemes regarding ARM status and through the meta-analyses.
Automated Particle Characterization using Holographic Video Microscopy (2009)

With an efficient particle identification algorithm, combine with hardware acceleration and software optimization; holographic microscopy data can be analysis in near real time with sufficient accuracy to enable unattended holographic tracking and particle characterization.
Chitin signaling and plant disease resistance (2008)

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is a component of the fungal cell wall and is not found in plants. Plant cells are equipped with chitin degrading enzymes to digest fungal cell walls and are capable of perceiving chitin fragments (chitooligosaccharides) released from fungal cell walls during fungal infection. Chitin recognition results in the activation of defense signaling pathways. Although chitin is a well recognized pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), little is known about the molecular mechanism of chitin signaling. Recent studies identified a number of critical components in the chitin-elicited signaling pathway including a potential receptor, MAPK cascade and transcription factor network. Interestingly, the chitin signaling pathway overlaps with the phytobacterial flagellin-and EF-Tu-elicited signaling pathways, suggesting that plant cells may perceive different PAMPs from various pathogens via specialized receptors and then utilize a conserved, common downstream pathway to mediate disease resistance. Given the fact that fungal pathogens are major problems in many agricultural systems, research on chitin signaling could have significance to sustainable agriculture and biofuel and biomaterial production.
Über Pterinchemie. 71. Mitteilung. Trennung der Diastereomeren (6<i>R</i>)‐ und (6<i>S</i>)‐5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐<scp>L</scp>‐neopterin (1979)

Separation of the Diastereomers (6 R ) and (6 S )‐5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐ L ‐neopterin The mixture of the diastereomers of the pentaacetylderivative IV of (6 RS )‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐ L ‐neopterins could be separated by fractional crystallisation in methanol into the diastereomers IV A and IV B. Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid gives the pure, diastereomeric, (6 R )‐ and (6 S )‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐ L ‐neopterins.
Abstract 56: Candesartan And Valsartan, Contrary To Irbesartan, Are Potent Biased Antagonists Of Adrenal (beta)arrestin-dependent, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-induced Aldosterone Production And Improve Cardiac Function Post-myocardial Infarction (2014)

Introduction: The scaffolding protein βarrestin1 (βarr1) by the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) mediates AngII-induced aldosterone production in vitro and physiologically in vivo, thereby exacerbating heart failure (HF) progression post-myocardial infarction (MI). Herein, we sought to investigate the relative potency of various AT 1 R antagonist drugs (sartans) at inhibiting βarr vs. G protein activation and hence aldosterone production in vitro and in vivo. We also investigated the alterations in plasma aldosterone levels conferred by these agents and their impact on cardiac function of post-MI rats. Methods: For the in vitro tests, transfected CHO and adrenocortical H295R cells were used. For in vivo studies, post-MI rats overexpressing βarr1 in their adrenals received 7-day-long treatments with the drugs of interest. Results: Among the sartans tested, candesartan and valsartan were the most potent βarr activation and βarr-mediated aldosterone production inhibitors in vitro, as well as the most “biased” antagonists towards βarr vs. G-protein inhibition. Conversely, losartan and irbesartan were the least potent βarr inhibitors and the least “biased” antagonists towards βarr inhibition. These in vitro findings were corroborated in vivo, since candesartan and valsartan, contrary to irbesartan, caused significant plasma aldosterone reductions in post-MI rats. Accordingly, cardiac ejection fraction (EF) and contractility were significantly augmented in candesartan- and valsartan-treated rats (EF: 41.1±1% and 40±1% respectively, vs. 35±0.3% for saline-treated), but further deteriorated in irbesartan-treated post-MI rats (EF: 32±1%, n=7 rats/group). Conclusions: These findings provide important insights that might aid pharmacotherapeutic decisions (i.e. individual agent selections) involving this commonly prescribed cardiovascular drug class (sartans).
Real-Time Detection of Malware Downloads via Large-Scale URL->File->Machine Graph Mining (2016)

In this paper we propose Mastino, a novel defense system to detect malware download events. A download event is a 3-tuple that identifies the action of downloading a file from a URL that was triggered by a client (machine). Mastino utilizes global situation awareness and continuously monitors various network- and system-level events of the clients' machines across the Internet and provides real time classification of both files and URLs to the clients upon submission of a new, unknown file or URL to the system. To enable detection of the download events, Mastino builds a large download graph that captures the subtle relationships among the entities of download events, i.e. files, URLs, and machines. We implemented a prototype version of Mastino and evaluated it in a large-scale real-world deployment. Our experimental evaluation shows that Mastino can accurately classify malware download events with an average of 95.5% true positive (TP), while incurring less than 0.5% false positives (FP). In addition, we show the Mastino can classify a new download event as either benign or malware in just a fraction of a second, and is therefore suitable as a real time defense system.
Design and operation of a 550 kbit enhanced density 3 μm bubble memory chip (1979)

A 550 kbit bubble memory chip that employs standard 3 μm bubbles and an enhanced density concept has been designed, fabricated and characterized at 100 kHz. The chip employs conventional 16 μm period swap-in/replicate-out gates, and 10.5 μm X and Y circuit periods in folded minor loops. Worst case overall write/read and minor loop propagation margins of 13 Oe and 14.5 Oe respectively, are obtained with a 45 Oe drive field. Also, minor loop longevity high and low end margin slopes of −0.25 Oe/decade and 0.2 Oe/decade, respectively are achieved. It is concluded that it is possible to almost double the storage density of 3 μm bubble devices while still maintaining adequate device performance.
A critique of methods for calculating the dielectric strength of gas mixtures (1981)

Three currently available methods for predicting the dielectric strength of gas mixtures are discussed and compared. All are based on the common principle of linear addition of some property of the individual gases in proportion to their concentration in the mixture. The simplest approach uses a weighted sum of the dielectric strengths of the separate gases. The other approaches are based on predicting the limiting reduced field (E/N)*m at which the net ionization coefficient of the mixture (ᾱ/N)m = 0. Wieland’s approximation for ᾱm involves a weighted sum of the ᾱ’s for the separate gases, and requires a knowledge of these over the range (E/N)*w&lt;(E/N)&lt;(E/N)*s, where w and s refer to the weakest and strongest gas involved. It is shown that this approach in general gives a mixture strength which varies monotonically with the fractional concentrations and lies within the above range of E/N. The simplest approach, using weighted linear addition of strengths, and the empirical rule proposed earlier by Takuma et al., are shown to be special cases of the Wieland approximation. The third and most physically realistic approach uses linear proportional addition of all the relevant electron-molecule collision cross sections of the component gases. It requires a knowledge of the electron energy distribution in the mixture, which can be obtained by numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. In some mixtures the presence of special ’’mixture processes’’, such as Penning ionization, can be anticipated and included in this third approach. The underlying assumption in the Wieland approximation is examined in the framework of the more exact formalism, and the overall hierarchy of approximations involved in the various approaches is identified. The concept of η̄ synergism is introduced as a suitable indicator of the presence of interesting mixture effects contributing to the mixture’s dielectric strength. Comparison of the Wieland formula predictions with experimental data, or the results of more exact calculations, provides an appropriate test for η̄ synergism.
The assessment of sleep stage utilizing body pressure fluctuation measured by water mat sensors (2009)

In order to develop a brief assessment system of sleep stage for untrained users utilizing water mat pressure sensors placed in a bed, polysomnographic(PSG) recodings were compared to data obtained by present sensor. Coincident ratio were calcurated using estimated sleep stage by the sensor and polysomnographic judgement. Results showed that sleep diagram by present sensor was consistent with that by PSG.
Lightning locating systems: Insights on characteristics and validation techniques (2015)

Abstract Ground‐based and satellite‐based lightning locating systems are the most common ways to detect and geolocate lightning. Depending upon the frequency range of operation, LLSs may report a variety of processes and characteristics associated with lightning flashes including channel formation, leader pulses, cloud‐to‐ground return strokes, M‐components, ICC pulses, cloud lightning pulses, location, duration, peak current, peak radiated power and energy, and full spatial extent of channels. Lightning data from different types of LLSs often provide complementary information about thunderstorms. For all the applications of lightning data, it is critical to understand the information that is provided by various lightning locating systems in order to interpret it correctly and make the best use of it. In this study, we summarize the various methods to geolocate lightning, both ground‐based and satellite‐based, and discuss the characteristics of lightning data available from various sources. The performance characteristics of lightning locating systems are determined by their ability to geolocate lightning events accurately with high detection efficiency and with low false detections and report various features of lightning correctly. Different methods or a combination of methods may be used to validate the performance characteristics of different types of lightning locating systems. We examine these methods and their applicability in validating the performance characteristics of different LLS types.