gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart plastic functionalization by nanoimprint and injection molding (2015)

In this paper, we present a route for making smart functionalized plastic parts by injection molding with sub-micrometer surface structures. The method is based on combining planar processes well known and established within silicon micro and sub-micro fabrication with proven high resolution and high fidelity with truly freeform injection molding inserts. The link between the planar processes and the freeform shaped injection molding inserts is enabled by the use of nanoimprint with flexible molds for the pattern definition combined with unidirectional sputter etching for transferring the pattern. With this approach, we demonstrate the transfer of down to 140 nm wide holes on large areas with good structure fidelity on an injection molding steel insert. The durability of the sub-micrometer structures on the inserts have been investigated by running two production series of 102,000 and 73,000 injection molded parts, respectively, on two different inserts and inspecting the inserts before and after the production series and the molded parts during the production series.
Tailoring of dispersion-compensation fibres with high compensation ratios up to 30 (1995)

We present a powerful theoretical approach to calculate refractive index profiles for single-mode fibres with very high negative dispersion values in the third optical window in order to compensate for the positive chromatic dispersion of standard single-mode fibres in the 1550 nm region. The theoretical model developed can be used for nearly all reasonable refractive index profiles. We started with some special profiles which seem to be promising. The great advantage of our concept is the possibility to select suitable fibre parameters to obtain a defined compensation ratio and to find a good compromise between a high compensation ratio and the technological limits. In order to start the experimental verification, we manufactured three different fibre profiles which are presented here. The measurements of the chromatic dispersion were carried out with high accuracy with the aid of a Raman fibre laser. With a W-fibre we achieved a compensation ratio of 13, with a triple-clad profile 10.
Large-Scale Identification of Malicious Singleton Files (2017)

We study a dataset of billions of program binary files that appeared on 100 million computers over the course of 12 months, discovering that 94% of these files were present on a single machine. Though malware polymorphism is one cause for the large number of singleton files, additional factors also contribute to polymorphism, given that the ratio of benign to malicious singleton files is 80:1. The huge number of benign singletons makes it challenging to reliably identify the minority of malicious singletons. We present a large-scale study of the properties, characteristics, and distribution of benign and malicious singleton files. We leverage the insights from this study to build a classifier based purely on static features to identify 92% of the remaining malicious singletons at a 1.4% percent false positive rate, despite heavy use of obfuscation and packing techniques by most malicious singleton files that we make no attempt to de-obfuscate. Finally, we demonstrate robustness of our classifier to important classes of automated evasion attacks.
Efficient Delivery of Structurally Diverse Protein Cargo into Mammalian Cells by a Bacterial Toxin (2015)

Platforms enabling targeted delivery of proteins into cells are needed to fully realize the potential of protein-based therapeutics with intracellular sites-of-action. Bacterial toxins are attractive systems to consider as templates for designing protein transduction systems as they naturally bind and enter specific cells with high efficiency. Here we investigated the capacity of diphtheria toxin to function as an intracellular protein delivery vector. We report that diphtheria toxin delivers an impressive array of passenger proteins spanning a range of sizes, structures, and stabilities into cells in a manner that indicates that they are "invisible" to the translocation machinery. Further, we show that α-amylase delivered into cells by a detoxified diphtheria toxin chimera digests intracellular glycogen in live cells, providing evidence that delivered cargo is folded, active, and abundant. The efficiency and versatility of diphtheria toxin over existing systems open numerous possibilities for intracellular delivery of bioactive proteins.
Feasibility study on development of Cerenkov fiber-optic dosimeter for radiotherapy application (2013)

To obtain real-time dose information in photon-beam therapy using a clinical linear accelerator, we fabricated a novel Cerenkov fiber-optic dosimeter using two plastic optical fibers without employing a scintillator. In this study, the light intensity and spectrum of Cerenkov radiation induced by a high-energy photon beam were measured as functions of the irradiation angle and the length difference between the two plastic optical fibers in the dosimeter probe. Also, we obtained a percentage depth dose curve for a 6 MV photon beam with a field size of 10 × 10 cm(2) according to the depth of the solid water phantom. Based on the results of this study, it is anticipated that the proposed Cerenkov fiber-optic dosimeter can be developed as a useful dosimeter to accurately obtain dose information prior to conducting radiotherapy.
Rapid radioiodination of rose bengal at room temperature. (1978)

In this paper, a new variant of the Jacobi-Davidson (JD) method is presented that is specifically designed for real unsymmetric matrix pencils. Whenever a pencil has a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues, the method computes the two-dimensional real invariant subspace spanned by the two corresponding complex conjugated eigenvectors. This is beneficial for memory costs and in many cases it also accelerates the convergence of the JD method. Both real and complex formulations of the correction equation are considered. In numerical experiments, the RJDQZ variant is compared with the original JDQZ method.
<i>De novo</i>generation of antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cells from human CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>–</sup>cells (2005)

Antigen-specificity is a hallmark of adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (T(R)) also require activation through the T cell receptor for function. Although these cells require antigen-specific activation, they are generally able to suppress bystander T cell responses once activated. This raises the possibility that antigen-specific T(R) may be useful therapeutically by localizing generalized suppressive activity to tissues expressing select target antigens. Here, we demonstrate that T(R) specific for particular peptide-MHC complexes can be generated from human CD4+CD25- T cells in vitro and isolated by using HLA class II tetramers. Influenza hemagglutinin epitopes were used to generate hemagglutinin-specific T(R), which required cognate antigen for activation but which subsequently suppressed noncognate bystander T cell responses as well. These findings have implications for the generation of therapeutic regulatory T cells in disease, and also suggest an important mechanism by which T cells may be regulated at the site of inflammation.
Alkali Action on the Urinary Crystallization of Calcium Salts: Contrasting Responses to Sodium Citrate and Potassium Citrate (1988)

Alkali therapy is used commonly to prevent recurrent stone formation in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis. We compared the effects of potassium citrate to those of sodium citrate in 6 well defined cases of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis. The patients were studied during a control phase, during potassium citrate treatment (80 mEq. per day) and during sodium citrate treatment (80 mEq. per day) chosen in random order. Potassium citrate caused a decrease in urinary calcium and a significant increase in urinary citrate that resulted in a significant decrease in the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate. It did not alter the saturation of brushite and sodium urate. However, while sodium citrate also was able to increase the urinary citrate level, there was no decrease in the urinary calcium (owing to the increased sodium load). Thus, the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate did not decrease as much as with potassium citrate and the saturation of brushite increased significantly. Moreover, the urinary saturation of sodium urate increased significantly owing to the enhanced sodium excretion. The results suggest that potassium citrate therapy may retard the crystallization of calcium oxalate and may not cause calcium phosphate crystallization. In contrast, sodium citrate may have no effect or it sometimes may accentuate the crystallization of calcium salts. Thus, our study supports the potential clinical advantage of potassium citrate therapy over sodium alkali treatment in patients with incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis and recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.
Multiusable printing characteristics of dye transfer sheets (1988)

Abstract Dye transfer‐type thermal printing systems have been developed that yield full color prints with excellent tone and color reproducibility. However, utilization efficiency of the recording materials has been poor. Therefore, an experimental evaluation of the materials and the structure of the dye transfer‐type thermally sensitive sheets (dye transfer sheet and color receiving sheet) was performed. It was found that an economical n ‐multiple utilization mode printing system, in which the relative speed of the dye transfer sheet to the color receiving sheet is maintained at 1/ n ( n ≥ 1), can be realized. The dye transfer sheet is composed of a base sheet and a coloring material layer. The base sheet is thermally stabilized by adding a heat resisting and slipping layer on the back of the sheet. The coloring material layer is composed of a dye, adhesive resin and spherical thermal resin spacers. A color developing layer, which contains a heat resisting and slipping UV sensitive color developing resin, is added to the surface of the color receiving base sheet. In the printing experiment, the dye transfer and color receiving sheets were moved by using the surfaces of spacer particles and the coloring material layer. This printing system showed stable operation at n = 12, where the printing density was independent of n . It was found that this method provides a better printing density than the system in which printing is carried out for N times at a constant speed ( n = 1).
Mapping Concrete Deterioration: High-Speed Ground Penetrating RadarSurveys on Bridge Decks Using New Analysis Method Based on Dual-Polarization Deployment of Horn Antennae (2002)

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used for over a decade to identify deterioration in concrete bridge decks with a variety of instruments, antennae and analysis methodologies. Recent introduction of a new, high-speed two-channel GPR system allows data collection from two 1 GHz air-coupled antennae at over 400 scanskecond per antenna. An analysis method, using these data to isolate the response from the upper mat of reinforcing steel, has been developed to exploit the advantage of air-coupled antennae for conducting surveys at higher speeds yet accurately locate the deteriorated portions of concrete bridge decks.
Induction motor rotor temperature estimation using superheterodyne receivers (2011)

A rotor temperature estimator is proposed in this paper for line-connected squirrel-cage induction motors during dynamic or steady-state operations. The method utilizes a pipelined architecture with two superheterodyne receivers that operate in parallel on a complex current vector. The first superheterodyne receiver detects motor speed by extracting an instantaneous rotor slot harmonic frequency from the complex current vector. The second superheterodyne receiver extracts a complex fundamental current vector from the same complex current vector. A model-reference adaptive system then produces an estimate of the rotor time constant from the superheterodyne receivers' outputs, plus a complex voltage vector and a few motor parameters. Finally, the rotor temperature is derived from the estimated rotor time constant via a correlation between the rotor temperature and its resistance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of estimating induction motor rotor temperature on a sample-by-sample basis without using temperature or speed sensors.
Transducer composition for context-dependent network expansion (1997)

Context-dependent models for language units are essential in high-accuracy speech recognition. However, standard speech recognition frameworks are based on the substitution of lowerlevel models for higher-level units. Since substitution cannot express context-dependency constraints, actual recognizers use restrictive model-structure assumptions and specialized code for context-dependent models, leading to decreased flexibility and lost opportunities for automatic model optimization. Instead, we propose a recognition framework that builds in the possibility of context dependency from the start by using weighted finite-state transduction rather than substitution. The framework is implemented with a general demand-driven transducer composition algorithm that allows great flexibility in model structure, form of context dependency and network expansion method, while achieving competitive recognition performance.
Identification of Bloch-modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cladding (2007)

We report on the experimental visualization of the cladding Bloch-modes of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Both spectral and spatial field nformation is extracted using the approach, which is based on measurement of the near-field and Fresnel-zone that results after propagation over a short length of fiber. A detailed study of the modes near the edges of the band gap shows that it is formed by the influence of three types of resonator: the glass interstitial apex, the silica strut which joins the neighboring apexes, and the air hole. The cladding electromagnetic field which survives the propagation is found to be spatially coherent and to contain contributions from just a few types of cladding mode.
A Phase-Based Image Registration Algorithm for Dental Radiograph Identification (2007)

Dental radiographs have been used for the accurate assessment and treatment of dental diseases. For an accurate diagnosis, the complete geometric registration between radiographs is required. The perspective projection between two radiographs may be observed, even if they are taken from the same oral regions of the subject. This paper presents an efficient dental radiograph registration algorithm using Phase-Only Correlation (POC) function. The use of phase components in 2D (two-dimensional) discrete Fourier transforms of dental radiograph images makes possible to achieve highly robust image registration and recognition. Experimental evaluation using a dental radiograph database indicates that the proposed algorithm exhibits efficient recognition performance even for distorted radiographs.
UB‐311, a novel UBITh <sup>®</sup> amyloid β peptide vaccine for mild Alzheimer's disease (2017)

The UBITh<sup>®</sup> platform can generate a high-precision molecular vaccine with high responder rate, strong on-target immunogenicity, and a potential of cognition improvement, which support UB-311 for active immunotherapy in early-to-mild AD patients currently enrolled in a phase-II trial (NCT02551809).
A Practical Methodology for Measuring the Side-Channel Signal Available to the Attacker for Instruction-Level Events (2014)

This paper presents a new metric, which we call Signal Available to Attacker (SAVAT), that measures the side channel signal created by a specific single-instruction difference in program execution, i.e. The amount of signal made available to a potential attacker who wishes to decide whether the program has executed instruction/event A or instruction/event B. We also devise a practical methodology for measuring SAVAT in real systems using only user-level access permissions and common measurement equipment. Finally, we perform a case study where we measure electromagnetic (EM) emanations SAVAT among 11 different instructions for three different laptop systems. Our findings from these experiments confirm key intuitive expectations, e.g. That SAVAT between on-chip instructions and off-chip memory accesses tends to be higher than between two on-chip instructions. However, we find that particular instructions, such as integer divide, have much higher SAVAT than other instructions in the same general category (integer arithmetic), and that last-level-cache hits and misses have similar (high) SAVAT. Overall, we confirm that our new metric and methodology can help discover the most vulnerable aspects of a processor architecture or a program, and thus inform decision-making about how to best manage the overall side channel vulnerability of a processor, a program, or a system.
Chlorotoxin-directed CAR T cells for specific and effective targeting of glioblastoma (2020)

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated signs of antitumor activity against glioblastoma (GBM), tumor heterogeneity remains a critical challenge. To achieve broader and more effective GBM targeting, we developed a peptide-bearing CAR exploiting the GBM-binding potential of chlorotoxin (CLTX). We find that CLTX peptide binds a great proportion of tumors and constituent tumor cells. CAR T cells using CLTX as the targeting domain (CLTX-CAR T cells) mediate potent anti-GBM activity and efficiently target tumors lacking expression of other GBM-associated antigens. Treatment with CLTX-CAR T cells resulted in tumor regression in orthotopic xenograft GBM tumor models. CLTX-CAR T cells do not exhibit observable off-target effector activity against normal cells or after adoptive transfer into mice. Effective targeting by CLTX-CAR T cells requires cell surface expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Our results pioneer a peptide toxin in CAR design, expanding the repertoire of tumor-selective CAR T cells with the potential to reduce antigen escape.
Selective conversion of syngas to light olefins (2016)

Although considerable progress has been made in direct synthesis gas (syngas) conversion to light olefins (C2(=)-C4(=)) via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), the wide product distribution remains a challenge, with a theoretical limit of only 58% for C2-C4 hydrocarbons. We present a process that reaches C2(=)-C4(=) selectivity as high as 80% and C2-C4 94% at carbon monoxide (CO) conversion of 17%. This is enabled by a bifunctional catalyst affording two types of active sites with complementary properties. The partially reduced oxide surface (ZnCrO(x)) activates CO and H2, and C-C coupling is subsequently manipulated within the confined acidic pores of zeolites. No obvious deactivation is observed within 110 hours. Furthermore, this composite catalyst and the process may allow use of coal- and biomass-derived syngas with a low H2/CO ratio.
The state of the art of electrostatic discharge protection: physics, technology, circuits, design, simulation, and scaling (1999)

This paper discusses state-of-the-art electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in advanced semiconductor technologies and emerging technologies. ESD physics, semiconductor process issues, device and circuit simulation, circuits, and devices are examined.
Juxtaposition of the Steroid Binding Domain-like I and II Regions Constitutes a Ligand Binding Site in the σ-1 Receptor (2008)

sigma-1 receptors represent unique binding sites that are capable of interacting with a wide range of compounds to mediate different cellular events. The composition of the ligand binding site of this receptor is unclear, since no NMR or crystal structures are available. Recent studies in our laboratory using radiolabeled photoreactive ligands suggested that the steroid binding domain-like I (SBDLI) (amino acids 91-109) and the steroid binding domain-like II (SBDLII) (amino acids 176-194) regions are involved in forming the ligand binding site(s) ( Chen, Y., Hajipour, A. R., Sievert, M. K., Arbabian, M., and Ruoho, A. E. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 3532-3542 ; Pal, A., Hajipour, A. R., Fontanilla, D., Ramachandran, S., Chu, U. B., Mavlyutov, T., and Ruoho, A. E. (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. 72, 921-933 ). In this report, we have further addressed this issue by utilizing our previously developed sulfhydryl-reactive, cleavable, radioiodinated photocross-linking reagent: methanesulfonothioic acid, S-((4-(4-amino-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl) phenyl)methyl) ester (Guo, L. W., Hajipour, A. R., Gavala, M. L., Arbabian, M., Martemyanov, K. A., Arshavsky, V. Y., and Ruoho, A. E. (2005) Bioconjugate Chem. 16, 685-693). This photoprobe was shown to derivatize the single cysteine residues as mixed disulfides at position 94 in the SBDLI region of the wild type guinea pig sigma-1 receptor (Cys94) and at position 190 in the SBDLII region of a mutant guinea pig sigma-1 receptor (C94A,V190C), both in a sigma-ligand (haloperidol or (+)-pentazocine)-sensitive manner. Significantly, photocross-linking followed by Endo Lys-C cleavage under reducing conditions and intramolecular radiolabel transfer from the SBDLI to the SBDLII region in the wild type receptor and, conversely, from the SBDLII to the SBDLI region in the mutant receptor were observed. These data support a model in which the SBDLI and SBDLII regions are juxtaposed to form, at least in part, a ligand binding site of the sigma-1 receptor.
Isolation and characterization of expression cDNA clones encoding antigens of Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae. (1988)

The isolation of recombinant cDNA clones expressing antigens found in Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae is described. To isolate such clones, an expression cDNA library constructed from adult O. volvulus RNA was screened with antiserum raised against infective larvae. One clone, designated lambda RAL-1 was characterized further. The recombinant antigen produced by lambda RAL-1 stimulates proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from O. volvulus infected humans. Lambda RAL-1 is derived from a 1450 bases message that encodes a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 42,000 in adult O. volvulus. The inserted DNA of lambda RAL-1 contains an open reading frame of 1008 bp. The amino acid sequence predicted by this open reading frame contains three repeats of the sequence KKPEDWD. The identification of clones such as lambda RAL-1 will provide quantities of purified antigens sufficient to begin to study the immune response to and explore the development of immunity against the infectious form of the parasite.
Planar permanent magnet multipoles for particle accelerator and storage ring applications (1994)

In prior work a planar permanent magnet (PM) configuration for generating an approximate quadrupole field distribution in the vicinity of its symmetry axis was disclosed. In the present paper extensions of the method are considered for generating sextupole and higher order multipole fields. The field distributions and strengths are contrasted with idealized (n-fold rotationally symmetric) multipole field generators and selected applications in the area of single-pass and recirculating particle machines are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>