gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the design of shallow depth T-bar fed slot antennas (1977)

The results of an intensive experimental effort directed toward the electrical improvement and size reduction of the T-bar fed, cavity-backed slot antenna are described. The experimental investigation, conducted over the four to one frequency range of 500 to 2000 MHz, was concerned primarily with optimizing the T-bar geometry of an earlier investigation conducted by Newman and Thiele [1]. In the course of this investigation the performance of the T-bar antenna was evaluated with respect to such variable parameters of the T-bar antenna as cavity depth, the T-bar depth from the aperture, and cavity tuning. As a result of these experimental investigations, a T-bar slot antenna evolved that offers a viable solution to some of the unusual design requirements experienced in receiving situations. The T-bar antenna evolving from this investigation is small in size, may be flush mounted with little cavity depth required, and possesses favorable electromagnetic characteristics over a 4:1 frequency range. The results of this investigation can be scaled to other frequency ranges.
Adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using chemical deposition (2005)

Plasma-sprayed "HA" coatings on commercial orthopedic and dental implants consist of mixtures of calcium phosphate phases, predominantly a crystalline calcium phosphate phase, hydroxyapatite (HA) and an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with varying HA/ACP ratios. Alternatives to the plasma-spray method are being explored because of some of its disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to deposit an adherent apatite coating on titanium substrate using a two-step method. First, titanium substrates were immersed in acidic solution of calcium phosphate resulting in the deposition of a monetite (CaHPO4) coating. Second, the monetite crystals were transformed to apatite by hydrolysis in NaOH solution. Composition and morphology of the initial and final coatings were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The final coating was porous and the apatite crystals were agglomerated and followed the outline of the large monetite crystals. EDS revealed the presence of calcium and phosphorous elements on the titanium substrate after removing the coating using tensile or scratching tests. The average tensile bond of the coating was 5.2 MPa and cohesion failures were observed more frequently than adhesion failures. The coating adhesion measured using scratch test with a 200-microm-radius stylus was 13.1N. Images from the scratch tracks demonstrated that the coating materials were squashed without fracturing inside and/or at the border of the tracks until the failure point of the coating. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of a chemical deposition method for depositing a coating consisting of either monetite or apatite. This method has the advantage of producing a coating with homogenous composition on even implants of complex geometry or porosity. This method involves low temperatures and, therefore, can allow the incorporation of growth factors or biogenic molecules.
Total Heart Replacement Using Dual Intracorporeal Continuous-Flow Pumps in a Chronic Bovine Model: A Feasibility Study (2006)

Continuous-flow pumps are small, simple, and respond physiologically to input variations, making them potentially ideal for total heart replacement. However, the physiological effects of complete pulseless flow during long-term circulatory support without a cardiac interface or with complete cardiac exclusion have not been well studied. We evaluated the feasibility of dual continuous-flow pumps as a total artificial heart (TAH) in a chronic bovine model. Both ventricles of a 6-month-old Corriente crossbred calf were excised and sewing rings attached to the reinforced atrioventricular junctions. The inlet portions of 2 Jarvik 2000 pumps were positioned through their respective sewing rings at the mid-atrial level and the pulseless atrial reservoir connected end-to-end to the pulmonary artery and aorta. Pulseless systemic and pulmonary circulations were thereby achieved. Volume status was controlled, and systemic and pulmonary resistance were managed pharmacologically to keep mean arterial pressures at 100+/-10 mmHg (systemic) and 20+/-5 mmHg (pulmonary) and both left and right atrial pressures at 15+/-5 mmHg. The left pump speed was maintained at 14,000 rpm and its output autoregulated in response to variations in right pump flow, systemic and pulmonary pressures, fluid status, and activity level. Hemodynamics, end-organ function, and neurohormonal status remained normal. These results suggest the feasibility of using dual continuous-flow pumps as a TAH.
Extending the transaction level modeling approach for fast communication architecture exploration (2004)

System-on-Chip (SoC) designs are increasingly becoming more complex. Efficient on-chip communication architectures are critical for achieving desired performance in these systems. System designers typically use Bus Cycle Accurate (BCA) models written in high level languages such as C/C++ to explore the communication design space. These models capture all of the bus signals and strictly maintain cycle accuracy, which is useful for reliable performance exploration but results in slow simulation speeds for complex designs, even when they are modeled using high level languages. Recently there have been several efforts to use the Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) paradigm for improving simulation performance in BCA models. However these BCA models capture a lot of details that can be eliminated when exploring communication architectures.In this paper we extend the TLM approach and propose a new and faster transaction-based modeling abstraction level (CCATB) to explore the communication design space. Our abstraction level bridges the gap between the TLM and BCA levels, and yields an average performance speedup of 55 over BCA models. We demonstrate how fast and accurate exploration of tradeoffs is possible for high-performance shared bus architectures such as AMBA 2.0 and AMBA 3.0 (AXI) in industrial strength designs at the proposed abstraction level.
Scalable Multiple-Description Image Coding Based on Embedded Quantization (2007)

Scalable multiple-description (MD) coding allows for fine-grain rate adaptation as well as robust coding of the input source. In this paper, we present a new approach for scalable MD coding of images, which couples the multiresolution nature of the wavelet transform with the robustness and scalability features provided by embedded multiple-description scalar quantization (EMDSQ). Two coding systems are proposed that rely on quadtree coding to compress the side descriptions produced by EMDSQ. The proposed systems are capable of dynamically adapting the bitrate to the available bandwidth while providing robustness to data losses. Experiments performed under different simulated network conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scalable MD approach for image streaming over error-prone channels.
Direct Regioselective Enzymatic Acylation of Nucleosides: Building-Blocks for the Solution Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides (2003)

The synthesis of 3'- and 5'-O-levulinyl nucleosidic monomers through enzymatic acylation with acetonoxime levulinate is demonstrated. The acylation process takes place in one-step and use of expensive reagents, such as DMTrCl is avoided. The regioselectivity of the procedure makes it very convenient for acylated monomers required for solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides.
An SPR approach for adaptive output feedback control with neural networks (2003)

A direct adaptive output feedback control design procedure is developed for highly uncertain nonlinear systems, that does not rely on state estimation. The approach is also applicable to systems of unknown, but bounded dimension. This includes systems with both parametric uncertainties and unmodelled dynamics. This result is achieved by extending the universal function approximation property of linearly parameterized neural networks to model unknown system dynamics from input/output data. The network weight adaptation rule is derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, that guarantees boundedness of the NN weights and the system tracking errors. Numerical simulations of an output feedback controlled Van der Pol oscillator, coupled with a linear oscillator, are used to illustrate the practical potential of the theoretical results.
Inherently Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polymers in Tissue Engineering (2016)

Many of the strategies currently being explored in the field of tissue engineering involve the combination of cells and degradable engineered scaffolds for the regeneration of biological tissues. However, infection of the wound or the scaffold itself results in failure of healing. Therefore, a new area of development in the field is the synthesis of polymer-based scaffolds that inherently have the ability to resist microbial infection as degradation occurs and new tissue replaces the scaffold. These scaffolds, defined as inherently antimicrobial biodegradable polymers (IABPs), can be classified based on their monomeric components as follows: (1) traditional antimicrobials (such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and aminoglycosides), (2) naturally derived compounds (such as extracellular matrix components, chitosan, and antimicrobial peptides), and (3) novel synthetic antimicrobials. After validation of chemical synthesis as well as physicochemical characterization of a newly created IABP, thorough <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays must be conducted to ensure antimicrobial efficacy as well as biocompatibility as a tissue-engineered scaffold system. In this review, we will introduce existing IABPs, discuss the current platforms that have been developed for the synthesis of IABPs, and highlight future directions as well as challenges in the field.
M-Score: A Misuseability Weight Measure (2012)

Detecting and preventing data leakage and data misuse poses a serious challenge for organizations, especially when dealing with insiders with legitimate permissions to access the organization's systems and its critical data. In this paper, we present a new concept, Misuseability Weight, for estimating the risk emanating from data exposed to insiders. This concept focuses on assigning a score that represents the sensitivity level of the data exposed to the user and by that predicts the ability of the user to maliciously exploit this data. Then, we propose a new measure, the M-score, which assigns a misuseability weight to tabular data, discuss some of its properties, and demonstrate its usefulness in several leakage scenarios. One of the main challenges in applying the M-score measure is in acquiring the required knowledge from a domain expert. Therefore, we present and evaluate two approaches toward eliciting misuseability conceptions from the domain expert.
Ring-Closing Metathesis of Functionalized Acetylene Derivatives: A New Entry into Cycloalkynes (1998)

A tungsten alkylidyne catalyst is the key to achieving ring-closing metatheses of diynes to form functionalized macrocycles [Eq. (a)]. Partial reduction of the cycloalkynes provides stereoselective Z-configured cycloalkenes, which are currently inaccessible by conventional alkene metathesis.
Ultra-low dose CT attenuation correction for PET/CT (2011)

A challenge for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) quantitation is patient respiratory motion, which can cause an underestimation of lesion activity uptake and an overestimation of lesion volume. Several respiratory motion correction methods benefit from longer duration CT scans that are phase matched with PET scans. However, even with the currently available, lowest dose CT techniques, extended duration cine CT scans impart a substantially high radiation dose. This study evaluates methods designed to reduce CT radiation dose in PET/CT scanning. We investigated selected combinations of dose reduced acquisition and noise suppression methods that take advantage of the reduced requirement of CT for PET attenuation correction (AC). These include reducing CT tube current, optimizing CT tube voltage, adding filtration, CT sinogram smoothing and clipping. We explored the impact of these methods on PET quantitation via simulations on different digital phantoms. CT tube current can be reduced much lower for AC than that in low dose CT protocols. Spectra that are higher energy and narrower are generally more dose efficient with respect to PET image quality. Sinogram smoothing could be used to compensate for the increased noise and artifacts at radiation dose reduced CT images, which allows for a further reduction of CT dose with no penalty for PET image quantitation. When CT is not used for diagnostic and anatomical localization purposes, we showed that ultra-low dose CT for PET/CT is feasible. The significant dose reduction strategies proposed here could enable respiratory motion compensation methods that require extended duration CT scans and reduce radiation exposure in general for all PET/CT imaging.
Abstract LB-5: The dominant-negative effect of an insulin-like growth factor-1 mutant that is defective in binding to integrins (αvβ3 and α6β4) (2011)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is a major therapeutic target for cancer. Integrin αvβ3 plays a critical role in regulating IGF1 signaling, while the specifics are unclear. We recently reported that IGF1 directly binds to αvβ3. The integrin-binding defective IGF1 mutant (R36E/R37E) is defective in inducing IGF signaling and a ternary complex (αvβ3, IGF1R, and IGF1) formation, although the mutant still binds to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). These findings suggest that direct binding of IGF1 to αvβ3 is required for intracellular signaling (J. Saegusa, S. Yamaji, K. Ieguchi, C.Y. Wu, K.S. Lam, F.T. Liu, Y.K. Takada, and Y. Takada, The direct binding of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to integrin αvβ3 is involved in IGF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284: 24106–14). Here we describe that R36E/R37E suppressed proliferation and intracellular signaling induced by WT IGF1 in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells (a dominant negative effect). R36E/R37E suppressed anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells, while WT IGF1 enhanced it. Also, R36E/R37E suppressed the tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cells in SCID mice, while wt IGF-1 markedly enhanced it. Since MCF-7 cells express little or no αvβ3, we studied which integrins are involved in IGF signaling. We discovered that α6β4, which is over-expressed in cancer and implicated in tumor progression, directly binds to WT IGF1 (but not to R36E/R37E) in MCF-7. Interestingly, WT IGF1 induced a ternary complex formation (α6β4, IGF1, and IGF1R) but R36E/R37E did not. These results suggest that α6β4 in addition to αvβ3 plays a role in IGF signaling through direct binding to IGF1, and that R36E/R37E acts as an inhibitor of IGF signaling. We propose that R36E/R37E has potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-5. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-5
Gain-Shaped Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) with Broad Spectral Bandwidth (1990)

The Er 3+ -doped optical fibre amplifier (EDFA) has stimulated much interest for possible application in future communication systems, since its gain band coincides with the third telecommunications window of silica fibre at a wavelength of 1.55 μ m 1,2 . Although Stark-splitting of the ground and metastable levels in erbium-doped glass generates a wide spectral bandwidth in an EDFA, its gain spectrum is typically irregular, with a sharp peak around 1.53 μ m and a broad band with reduced gain to longer wavelengths (see Figure 1, Curve A). Although the amplifier can be operated at wavelengths away from the peak gain 3 , disadvantages occur due to increased spontaneous-spontaneous beat noise and possible laser action at the peak gain wavelength.
High Efficiency and Low Cost of Electricity Generation from Fossil Fuels While Eliminating Atmospheric Emissions, Including Carbon Dioxide (2013)

NET Power has developed a novel, oxy-fuel thermodynamic power cycle [1] that uses hydrocarbon fuels, captures 100% of atmospheric emissions, including all carbon dioxide, and has a cost of electricity that is highly competitive with the best current systems that do not have CO2 capture. The proprietary system achieves these results through a closed-loop, high-pressure, low-pressure-ratio recuperated Brayton cycle that uses supercritical CO2 as the working fluid. The cycle exploits the special thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide as a working fluid by eliminating the energy losses that steam-based cycles encounter due to the heat of vaporization and condensation. The compelling economics of the system are driven by high target efficiencies – 59% net LHV for natural gas and 51% net LHV for coal – and low projected capital and O&M costs, which are the result of utilizing only a single turbine, having a smaller plant footprint, and requiring fewer, smaller components than comparable fossil-fuel systems. NET Power, Toshiba Corporation, Exelon Corporation, and the Shaw Power Group are partnering to commercialize this system by developing a 50MWt facility that is scheduled to begin testing in 2014. This facility will generate electricity from natural gas and capture 100% of emissions, including all CO2. The initial design for a commercial system with an electrical output in the range of 200MWt to 500MWt is also under development. The turbine for the 50MWt plant is being designed at the 500MWt level and then scaled down for the demonstration plant to facilitate rapid development of the large-scale turbine in the future. The demonstration plant will test all components and control systems and the operability of the cycle, including 100% capture of carbon dioxide and other impurities, using a range of fuel gas compositions. The NET Power cycle will have an important impact on the power industry's ability to control and limit greenhouse gas emissions. Driven by its competitive cost when compared to state-of-the-art technologies without CO2 capture, the authors believe the NET Power cycle will remove economic barriers to the deployment of 100%-carbon-capture, fossil-fuel-based electricity generation technology. This will enable both the developed and developing world to produce cheap electricity that does not contribute to CO2-based climate change.
An Adaptive Dictionary Encoding Scheme for SOC Data Buses (2002)

As bus lengths on multi-hundred-million transistor SOCs (systems-on-a-chip) grow and as inter-wire capacitances of sub-0.1 /spl mu/m technologies increase, the resulting high switching capacitances of buses (and interconnects in general) have a non-negligible impact on the power consumption of a whole SOC. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing our bus encoding technique 'ADES' that minimizes the power consumption of data buses through a dictionary-based encoding technique. We show that our technique saves between 18% and 40% of bus energy compared to the non-encoded cases using a large set of (freely-accessible) real-world applications. Furthermore, we compare our technique to the best-known data bus encoding techniques to date and show that it exceeds all of them in energy savings for the same set of applications. The additional hardware effort for our bus en/decoder is thereby very small.
Heterogeneous and homogeneous package integration technologies at device and system levels (2018)

Moore's law scaling has been the primary focus in the last 60 years towards System-On-Chip. This has resulted in an industry-driven, device-level integration to a 50 billion transistor chip, incorporating progressively more and more functions in a single die, along with cost reduction from node to node. However, as Moore's law approaches limits in combined scaling and cost reduction, there is an unparalleled opportunity for package integration to enable better devices in the short term and to enable better systems in the long term, both by homogeneous and heterogeneous integrations. This paper presents the package integration evolution to the current approaches at device and system-levels. It then presents Georgia Tech's vision in advancing package integration at device-level by extending the on-going 2D, 2.5D, and 3D architectures as well as proposing an entirely new approach to materials, processes, and architectures at both device and system-levels. Both are enabled by ultra-thin packaging with TSV-like through vias in the passive substrates rather than in the logic ICs. At system level, it proposes and develops a 3D architecture that combines both package and system functions into an ultra-miniaturized, highly integrated, and highly reliable system package with ultra-short and ultra-high bandwidth interconnections with ultra-high reliability.
Self-aligned AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs collector-up heterojunction bipolar transistors for microwave applications (1989)

The authors discuss the recent development of high-performance AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs collector-up HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) fabricated by using a novel self-aligned base/collector process. Transistors with collector widths down to 2.6 mu m and base doping up to 1*10/sup 20//cm/sup 3/ have been fabricated and tested. Based on s-parameters measured up to 26 GHz, an extrapolated current gain bandwidth, f/sub t/, of 65 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation, f/sub max/, of 102 GHz have been obtained. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first C-up HBTs demonstrated to operate at or above microwave frequencies.
Mass-Tranported GaInAsP/InP Buried-Heterostructure Lasers and Integrated Mirrors* (1984)

The recently developed mass-transport technique 1-6 offers possibilities for novel devices in integrated optoelectronics. The first demonstration was a simple method for fabrication of GaInAsP/InP buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers, in which the transported InP filled in an undercut mesa and buried the active region. 1-4 In this paper, we report continued developments. First, for a more complete characterization of the new BH lasers, theoretical and experimental studies were performed to improve 1ight-current (L-I) linearity at high output powers. Second, the mass-transport phenomenon has been used in a new procedure to improve chemically etched mirror facets. 7 Vertical and smooth mirrors are obtained and the BH lasers with one such mirror have high device yield and threshold currents as low as 5 mA (lowest of quaternary lasers reported to date and an order of magnitude improvement from values previously achieved in etched-mirror lasers 8-10 ). Finally, the mass-transport technique has been used to form next to the laser a slant mirror which has the capability of deflecting the laser output upward for surface emission.