gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency single cell encapsulation and size selective capture of cells in picoliter droplets based on hydrodynamic micro-vortices (2017)

Single cell analysis has emerged as a paradigm shift in cell biology to understand the heterogeneity of individual cells in a clone for pathological interrogation. Microfluidic droplet technology is a compelling platform to perform single cell analysis by encapsulating single cells inside picoliter-nanoliter (pL-nL) volume droplets. However, one of the primary challenges for droplet based single cell assays is single cell encapsulation in droplets, currently achieved either randomly, dictated by Poisson statistics, or by hydrodynamic techniques. In this paper, we present an interfacial hydrodynamic technique which initially traps the cells in micro-vortices, and later releases them one-to-one into the droplets, controlled by the width of the outer streamline that separates the vortex from the flow through the streaming passage adjacent to the aqueous-oil interface (d<sub>gap</sub>). One-to-one encapsulation is achieved at a d<sub>gap</sub> equal to the radius of the cell, whereas complete trapping of the cells is realized at a d<sub>gap</sub> smaller than the radius of the cell. The unique feature of this technique is that it can perform 1. high efficiency single cell encapsulations and 2. size-selective capturing of cells, at low cell loading densities. Here we demonstrate these two capabilities with a 50% single cell encapsulation efficiency and size selective separation of platelets, RBCs and WBCs from a 10× diluted blood sample (WBC capture efficiency at 70%). The results suggest a passive, hydrodynamic micro-vortex based technique capable of performing high-efficiency single cell encapsulation for cell based assays.
High efficiency line-focus photovoltaic receivers using optical secondaries for radiation resistance (1996)

Multijunction GaAs/GaSb solar cells have now been demonstrated in space in a point-focus concentrator module on the PASP Plus flight experiment. The test results on this concentrator module were so impressive that there is now considerable interest in commercializing space concentrator power systems. However, because arched line-focus Fresnel lenses are easier to make than point-focus domed Fresnel lenses and because it is easier to track the Sun using line-focus concentrator modules, JX Crystals has been developing high efficiency line-focus photovoltaic receivers incorporating optical secondaries for radiation resistance. This work is being performed under a NASA SBIR contract with ENTECH as a subcontractor.
PLATOP: a novel planarized trench isolation and field oxide formation using poly-silicon (1996)

A novel isolation scheme named planarized trench isolation and field oxide formation using poly-silicon (PLATOP) Is described. PLATOP is applicable to high-performance submicron VLSI since it results in encroachment-free shallow trenches, and planarized field oxide. The process offers poly silicon-filled deep trenches. The process also relies on noncritical lithography and novel etch processes to planarize the deposited poly-silicon from the top of the active areas, and oxidation to consume the poly-silicon in the field regions. Electrical results are presented proving the viability of the isolation scheme.
Robust and Efficient Distributed Compression for Cloud Radio Access Networks (2012)

This paper studies distributed compression for the uplink of a cloud radio access network where multiple multiantenna base stations (BSs) are connected to a central unit, which is also referred to as a cloud decoder, via capacity-constrained backhaul links. Since the signals received at different BSs are correlated, distributed source coding strategies are potentially beneficial. However, they require each BS to have information about the joint statistics of the received signals across the BSs, and they are generally sensitive to uncertainties regarding such information. Motivated by this observation, a robust compression method is proposed to cope with uncertainties on the correlation of the received signals. The problem is formulated using a deterministic worst case approach, and an algorithm is proposed that achieves a stationary point for the problem. Then, BS selection is addressed with the aim of reducing the number of active BSs, thus enhancing the energy efficiency of the network. An optimization problem is formulated in which compression and BS selection are performed jointly by introducing a sparsity-inducing term into the objective function. An iterative algorithm is proposed that is shown to converge to a locally optimal point. From numerical results, it is observed that the proposed robust compression scheme compensates for a large fraction of the performance loss induced by the imperfect statistical information. Moreover, the proposed BS selection algorithm is seen to perform close to the more complex exhaustive search solution.
Gadolinium‐free <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> contrast agents for MRI: Tunable pharmacokinetics of a new class of manganese porphyrins (2013)

MnTCP and MnP2 offer distinct applications as Gd-free T1 contrast agents. MnTCP behaves like a Gd-DTPA analog, while MnP2 provides significantly greater and longer positive signal enhancement.
Design of a Production Process for Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethyl Ether and Trioxane (2018)

Abstract Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising synthetic fuels. When compared to fossil diesel fuel, OME reduce the soot formation in diesel engines. OME can be produced from the C1 platform syngas via different routes. This work investigates an OME production process via dimethyl ether and trioxane. The process is simulated and optimized using process simulation with varying model depth. As no experimental data are available on the chemical equilibrium of the reaction of dimethyl ether and trioxane, chemical equilibrium constants are partly estimated from formation data of the reactants.
A heterobivalent ligand inhibits mast cell degranulation via selective inhibition of allergen-IgE interactions in vivo (2014)

Current treatments for allergies include epinephrine and antihistamines, which treat the symptoms after an allergic response has taken place; steroids, which result in local and systemic immune suppression; and IgE-depleting therapies, which can be used only for a narrow range of clinical IgE titers. The limitations of current treatments motivated the design of a heterobivalent inhibitor (HBI) of IgE-mediated allergic responses that selectively inhibits allergen–IgE interactions, thereby preventing IgE clustering and mast cell degranulation. The HBI was designed to simultaneously target the allergen binding site and the adjacent conserved nucleotide binding site (NBS) found on the Fab of IgE Abs. The bivalent targeting was accomplished by linking a hapten to an NBS ligand with an ethylene glycol linker. The hapten moiety of HBI enables selective targeting of a specific IgE, whereas the NBS ligand enhances avidity for the IgE. Simultaneous bivalent binding to both sites provided HBI with 120-fold enhancement in avidity for the target IgE compared with the monovalent hapten. The increased avidity for IgE made HBI a potent inhibitor of mast cell degranulation in the rat basophilic leukemia mast cell model, in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model of allergy, and in mice sensitized to the model allergen. In addition, HBI did not have any observable systemic toxic effects even at elevated doses. Taken together, these results establish the HBI design as a broadly applicable platform with therapeutic potential for the targeted and selective inhibition of IgE-mediated allergic responses, including food, environmental, and drug allergies.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ethyl Acetate Extract of Urtica diocia Leaves; Characterizations and Emerging Antimicrobial Activity (2022)

The current work reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of Urtica diocia (UD) leaves as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized UD-AgNPs were characterized using UV−visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UD-AgNPs were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and their size, shape, and distribution were recorded. The average size of an NP was 19.401 nm. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for 75 µL of UD-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was 21 ± 0.4 mm more than that of the control drug Ciprofloxacin (16 ± 10 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the lowest against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (36 ± 3 µg/mL) and Staphylococcusepidermidis (S. epidermidis) (38 ± 3 µg/mL). Moreover, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the lowest against E.coli (75 ± 00 µg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis (83 ± 16 µg/mL). Thus, the UD-AgNPs synthesized using the ethyl acetate extract of UD can be used as a new antimicrobial drug.
O2‐02‐03: DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURE‐BASED INHIBITORS OF TAU AGGREGATION AND SEEDING (2018)

Structures of aggregation segments in tau were used to design inhibitors that block seeding when applied to tissue-derived fibrils. Inhibitors of aggregation were designed based on crystal structures determined by electron-diffraction for several aggregation-prone segments in tau. A panel of inhibitors targeting 5 unique sites in tau were developed and validated using recombinant tau fibrils, and inhibitors in the panel effectively blocked seeding in HEK293 biosensor cells. Tau fibrils extracted from autopsied brains of patients with various tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy were probed with our panel of tau inhibitors to reveal key sites in brain-derived fibrils that are responsible for the seeded spread of aggregation. Inhibitors targeting the segment VQIINK, and also a new aggregation surface discovered in VQIVYK, blocked the seeded spread of tau aggregation by tissue-derived fibrils. The results of our study show which surfaces in tau protein contribute to seeding, the process thought to drive the spread of tau pathology and neurodegeration. We show that inhibitors designed based on these structures block seeding, suggesting that inhibition of the determined structures is a promising approach to therapy.
Whole-Genome Saliva and Blood DNA Methylation Profiling in Individuals with a Respiratory Allergy (2016)

The etiology of respiratory allergies (RA) can be partly explained by DNA methylation changes caused by adverse environmental and lifestyle factors experienced early in life. Longitudinal, prospective studies can aid in the unravelment of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the disease development. High compliance rates can be expected in these studies when data is collected using non-invasive and convenient procedures. Saliva is an attractive biofluid to analyze changes in DNA methylation patterns. We investigated in a pilot study the differential methylation in saliva of RA (n = 5) compared to healthy controls (n = 5) using the Illumina Methylation 450K BeadChip platform. We evaluated the results against the results obtained in mononuclear blood cells from the same individuals. Differences in methylation patterns from saliva and mononuclear blood cells were clearly distinguishable (PAdj<0.001 and |Δβ|>0.2), though the methylation status of about 96% of the cg-sites was comparable between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and saliva. When comparing RA cases with healthy controls, the number of differentially methylated sites (DMS) in saliva and blood were 485 and 437 (P<0.05 and |Δβ|>0.1), respectively, of which 216 were in common. The methylation levels of these sites were significantly correlated between blood and saliva. The absolute levels of methylation in blood and saliva were confirmed for 3 selected DMS in the PM20D1, STK32C, and FGFR2 genes using pyrosequencing analysis. The differential methylation could only be confirmed for DMS in PM20D1 and STK32C genes in saliva. We show that saliva can be used for genome-wide methylation analysis and that it is possible to identify DMS when comparing RA cases and healthy controls. The results were replicated in blood cells of the same individuals and confirmed by pyrosequencing analysis. This study provides proof-of-concept for the applicability of saliva-based whole-genome methylation analysis in the field of respiratory allergy.
Tridentate Cobalt Catalysts for Linear Dimerization and Isomerization of α-Olefins (2003)

Upon activation with modified methylalumoxane (MMAO), tridentate pyridine bisimine cobalt catalysts dimerize α-olefins with lower productivity than analagous iron systems, as indicated by comparing the batch dimerization of 1-butene (TON ∼42 000 for Co, ∼147 000 for Fe). The cobalt-produced dimers are extremely linear (>97%) and contain only traces of trimeric species. The cobalt catalysts also have a tendency to isomerize α-olefins, as evidenced by the approximately equal levels of dimerization and isomerization achieved when 1-butene is dimerized. When the cocatalyst is changed to diethylaluminum chloride, isomerization occurs exclusively to give cis- and trans-2-olefins selectively. To mitigate the effects of feed isomerization, dimerization of propylene was also studied. GC analysis of the products reveals a stepwise oligomerization process that makes linear hexenes, nonenes, and dodecenes, with the hexenes comprising up to 70% of the product mix. The hexenes are over 99% linear and may contain over 50% 1-hexene. Catalyst productivity is high, with turnover numbers exceeding 200 000 mol propylene/mol Co (17 000 g oligomers/g Co complex).
A new approach to fault-tolerant wormhole routing for mesh-connected parallel computers (2002)

A new method for fault-tolerant routing in arbitrary dimensional meshes is introduced. The method was motivated by certain routing requirements of an initial design of the Blue Gene supercomputer project currently underway in IBM Research. Among the requirements were to provide deterministic deadlock free wormhole routing in a 3-dimensional mesh, in the presence of many faults (up to a few percent of the many thousands of nodes in the machine), while using two virtual channels. It was also desired to minimize the number of turns in each route, i.e., the number of times that the route changes direction. There has been much work on routing methods for meshes that route messages around faults or regions of faults. The new method is to declare certain good nodes to be lambs: a lamb is used for routing but not processing, so a lamb is neither the source nor the destination of a message. The lambs are chosen so that every node, a node that is neither faulty nor a lamb, can reach every survivor node by at most two rounds of dimension-ordered (such as e-cube) routing. An algorithm for finding a set of lambs is presented The results of simulations on 2D and 3D meshes of various sizes with various numbers of random node faults are given. For example, on a 32×32×32 3D mesh with 3% random faults, and using two rounds of e-cube routing for each message, the average number of lambs is less than 68. which is less than 7% of the number 983 of faults. The computational complexity offending the minimum number of lambs for a given fault set is also explored, and this problem is shown to be NP-hard fir 3-dimensional meshes with two rounds of e-cube routing.
An integrated performance analysis framework for HVAC systems using heterogeneous data models and building automation systems (2012)

More than 20% of the energy consumed by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is wasted due to undetected faults in these systems. In the past three decades, researchers have developed hundreds of computer algorithms to automatically and continuously analyze their energy performance. However, due to the complex information required by these algorithms, it is very difficult for facilities operators to deploy them in real-world buildings.
Mobility Lab to Assess Balance and Gait with Synchronized Body-worn Sensors (2013)

This paper is a commentary to introduce how rehabilitation professionals can use a new, body-worn sensor system to obtain objective measures of balance and gait. Current assessments of balance and gait in clinical rehabilitation are largely limited to subjective scales, simple stop-watch measures, or complex, expensive machines not practical or largely available. Although accelerometers and gyroscopes have been shown to accurately quantify many aspects of gait and balance kinematics, only recently a comprehensive, portable system has become available for clinicians. By measuring body motion during tests that clinicians are already performing, such as the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the Clinical Test of Sensory Integration for Balance (CITSIB), the additional time for assessment is minimal. By providing instant analysis of balance and gait and comparing a patient's performance to age-matched control values, therapists receive an objective, sensitive screening profile of balance and gait strategies. This motion screening profile can be used to identify mild abnormalities not obvious with traditional clinical testing, measure small changes due to rehabilitation, and design customized rehabilitation programs for each individual's specific balance and gait deficits.
Developing a Clinical-Grade Cryopreservation Protocol for Human Testicular Tissue and Cells (2013)

Recent work in preservation of female fertility as well as new information on the nature of spermatogonial stem cells has prompted an investigation into the possibility of an effective clinical-grade procedure for the cryopreservation of testicular cells and/or tissue. Clinical-grade reagents, validated equipment, and protocols consistent with cGTP/cGMP standards were used in developing a procedure suitable for the safe and effective cryopreservation of human testicular cells and tissues. These procedures were designed to be compliant with the relevant FDA regulations. The procedure proved to effectively cryopreserve both testicular cells and tissue. The cryopreservation of testicular tissue was comparable in most aspects we measured to the cryopreservation of isolated cells, except that the viability of the cells from cryopreserved testicular tissue was found to be significantly higher. On the other hand, cryopreservation of cells is preferred for cell analysis, quality control, and sterility testing. This study demonstrates that testicular tissue and cells from sexual reassignment patients can be successfully cryopreserved with a clinical-grade procedure and important cell populations are not only preserved but also enriched by the process. Further studies will determine whether these findings from hormone-treated patients can be generalized to other patients.
Self-content super-resolution for ultra-HD up-sampling (2012)

We describe a self-content single image super-resolution algorithm based on multi-scale neighbor embeddings of image patches. We make use of the recurrence property of similar patches across different scales of an image. Inspired by manifold learning approaches, we first characterize the local geometry of a given low-resolution patch by reconstructing it from similar patches taken from down-scaled versions of the input image. We then hallucinate the high-resolution patch by relying on local geometric similarities of low- and high-resolution patch spaces. We enforce the local compatibility through patch overlapping, and preserve the structures with a sparsity-based patch averaging. We further enforce the global consistency through back-projection. Noting that this method uses as little as the self-information contained in a given low-resolution image and its implementation is well suited to GPU processors thanks to highly parallelization, our experimental results demonstrate similar or even better performance with respect to state-of-the-art superresolution methods.
Design of a novel mini notched turbine with optimized power management circuit (2017)

This paper proposes a novel mini notched turbine that can be used as feasible energy source for medical systems, aerospace, car, and home applications, or could be converted into a maintenance free energy generator system, of continuous and sustainable operation. The micro system developed in this work is an innovation in turbine designs, and has special characteristics such as: novel mini notched blades, which contribute to increased rotor speed, and an innovative turbine casing, that combine benefits of the impulse and reaction turbine models. Also, paper presents a methodology for optimizing ultralow power management circuit to improve the efficiency of DC-DC converter, this is accomplished using particle swarm optimization technique, where the converter efficiency is used as the fitness function and inductor and on-time are chosen as optimized parameters. This design improves the DC-DC converter efficiency and the efficiency of power management circuit by 10% comparing with conventional power management circuits over a wide range of input power, allowing harvesting more power and delivering it to load. This approach is not limited to ultra low power applications; it can easily be extended in portable applications to extend the battery life.
Chemical aspects of solution routes to perovskite-phase mixed-metal oxides from metal-organic precursors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical aspects of solution routes to perovskite-phase mixed-metal oxides from metal-organic precursorsClive D. Chandler, Christophe. Roger, and Mark J. Hampden-SmithCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 3, 1205–1241Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00019a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00019a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3595Altmetric-Citations488LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts