gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured illumination for imaging interferometric microscopy (2008)

Imaging interferometric microscopy is a synthetic aperture approach to achieving resolutions approaching lambda/4n with a low-NA objective. Structured illumination, adapted to implementation in existing microscopes, extends its capabilities.
Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging via Approximate Message Passing (2015)

We consider a compressive hyperspectral imaging reconstruction problem, where three-dimensional spatio-spectral information about a scene is sensed by a coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI). The CASSI imaging process can be modeled as suppressing three-dimensional coded and shifted voxels and projecting these onto a two-dimensional plane, such that the number of acquired measurements is greatly reduced. On the other hand, because the measurements are highly compressive, the reconstruction process becomes challenging. We previously proposed a compressive imaging reconstruction algorithm that is applied to two-dimensional images based on the approximate message passing (AMP) framework. AMP is an iterative algorithm that can be used in signal and image reconstruction by performing denoising at each iteration. We employed an adaptive Wiener filter as the image denoiser, and called our algorithm “AMP-Wiener.” In this paper, we extend AMP-Wiener to three-dimensional hyperspectral image reconstruction, and call it “AMP-3D-Wiener.” Applying the AMP framework to the CASSI system is challenging, because the matrix that models the CASSI system is highly sparse, and such a matrix is not suitable to AMP and makes it difficult for AMP to converge. Therefore, we modify the adaptive Wiener filter and employ a technique called damping to solve for the divergence issue of AMP. Our approach is applied in nature, and the numerical experiments show that AMP-3D-Wiener outperforms existing widely-used algorithms such as gradient projection for sparse reconstruction (GPSR) and two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding (TwIST) given a similar amount of runtime. Moreover, in contrast to GPSR and TwIST, AMP-3D-Wiener need not tune any parameters, which simplifies the reconstruction process.
Channel codes based on hidden puncturing for partial band interference channels (2004)

In this work, anew approach of designing channel codes for partial band interference channels based on "hidden puncturing" is introduced that is not requiring explicit estimation of the interferer. We investigate the performance of specially designed rate 1/2 Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes and rate 1/2 turbo codes in an example scenario with partial band FM interference. We show by means of simulations that for Gaussian as well as for a variety of multipath fading profiles, a significant channel coding gain compared to a conventional system can be achieved. Thereby the performance of optimal combining, that is requiring optimal estimation of the interferer, can be approached very closely in various scenarios.
Sidestream dark field imaging: an improved technique to observe sublingual microcirculation (2005)

Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia remains a common condition worldwide. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate conditions that could predict a poor outcome. Design Retrospective analyse of 69 patients admitted to the ICU from 1996 to 2003. Demographic data included age, sex and medical history. Etiologic agents, multiorgan dysfunction, nosocomial infections, SAPS II and PORT scores were recorded for each patient. For statistical analysis we used a t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test on SPSS . A value of P less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Forty-seven patients were male and 22 patients were female. Mean age was 52 years. Sixty-seven percent had serious pre-morbid conditions including pulmonary disease (34.8%), cardiac problems (36.2%), diabetes (13%) and chronic liver disease (5.8%); 40.6% were smokers, drug abusers or alcohol dependents. Sixtyeight patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. The average length of ventilation was 13.5 days, median 8 days. The mean SAPS II score was 40.14 and the mean PORT score was 141. The mortality rate was 27.5% (SAPS II estimated mortality, 35%). Complications reported were ARDS (40.6%), septic shock (34.8%), acute renal failure (2.9%), cardiac arrest (8.7%) and nosocomial infeccions (46.4%). Mortality rates were higher for previous hepatic (75%) and metabolic (33%) diseases. We found a close association between crude mortality and SAPS II score (P = 0.003) and development of complications (P = 0.0028). Respiratory dysfunction (P = 0.006) and septic shock (P = 0.022) were most significantly related to mortality. No significant differences were founded regarding age, comorbidities, PORT score, etiologic agents, nosocomial infections and length of invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Previous hepatic chronic disease was strictly related to higher mortality as well as isolation of MRSA. ARDS and septic shock predicted a poor outcome. SAPS II score was the best severity indicator of mortality.
Flow effects in balanced steady state free precession imaging (2003)

An analysis of the effect of flow on 2D fully balanced steady state free precession (SSFP) imaging is presented. Transient and steady-state SSFP signal intensities in the presence of steady and pulsatile flow were simulated using a matrix formalism based on the Bloch equations. Various through-plane flow waveforms and rates were modeled numerically considering factors such as the excitation slice profile and both in- and out-flow effects. Phantom measurements in an experimental setup that allowed the assessment of SSFP signal properties as a function of frequency offset and flow rate demonstrated that the computer simulations provided a suitable description of the effects of flow in SSFP imaging. A volunteer scan was performed to provide in vivo validations. For accurate modeling of SSFP signal intensities it is crucial to include effects such as imperfect slice profiles and, more importantly, "out-of-slice" contributions to the signal. Both simulations and experiments show that there can be considerably large-frequency offset dependent-signal contributions from flowing spins that have already left the imaging slice but still add to the SSFP signal. Although spins leaving the slice do not experience additional RF-excitation, gradient activity is not confined to the region of excitations and the balanced nature of the SSFP imaging gradients allows "out-of-slice" transverse magnetization to contribute to the total SSFP signal, effectively by broadening the slice thickness for flowing spins. This results in a frequency dependence of in-flow related signal enhancement and flow artifacts.
Fuzzy logic based intelligent control of a variable speed cage machine wind generation system. Report for January 1994-June 1995 (1995)

The paper describes a variable speed wind generation system where fuzzy logic principles are used for efficiency optimization and performance enhancement control. A squirrel cage induction generator feeds the power to a double-sided pulse width modulated converter system which pumps power to a utility grid or can supply to an autonomous system. The generation system has fuzzy logic control with vector control in the inner loops. A fuzzy controller tracks the generator speed with the wind velocity to extract the maximum power. A second fuzzy controller programs the machine flux for light load efficiency improvement, and third fuzzy controller gives robust speed control against wind gust and turbine oscillatory torque. The complete control system has been developed, analyzed, validated by simulation study, and then performances have been evaluated in detail.
A piezoelectric bone-conduction bending hearing actuator (2010)

A prototype of a novel bone-conduction hearing actuator based on a piezoelectric bending actuator is presented. The device lies flat against the skull which would allow it to form the basis of a subcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aid. The actuator excites bending in bone through a local bending moment rather than the application of a point force as with conventional bone-anchored hearing aids. Through measurements of the cochlear velocity created by the actuator in embalmed human heads, the device is shown to exhibit high efficiency, making it a possible alternative to present-day electromagnetic bone-vibration actuators.
Instrumentation for small-animal capnometry (2009)

Monitoring of human vital signs - heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and others - has become an indispensable part of the standard of care in a hospital setting. For example, vital sign monitoring during administration of general anesthesia is essential, given the role that the anesthesiologist plays in assuming physiologic control. In veterinary settings, however, vital sign monitoring under anesthesia is less common, and may consist simply of a visual assessment of respiratory rate. Vital sign monitoring is especially challenging in small animals, given the high metabolic rates and small volumes under consideration. In this paper, we present a unique nose-cone design and associated instrumentation which allows for measurement of respiratory parameters - e.g., anesthesia gas concentration, inspiratory and expiratory O(2), and inspiratory and expiratory CO(2) (capnometry). Such instrumentation facilitates a physiologic assessment of small animals undergoing general anesthesia, an increasingly important consideration as small animals play a greater role in in vivo biomedical studies. In addition, the techniques proposed herein are suitable for measurement on small respiratory volumes associated with neonatal monitoring.
Closed Loop Control of Excitation Parameters for High Speed Switched-Reluctance Generators (2004)

This paper presents a new approach to the automatic control of excitation parameters for the switched-reluctance generator (SRG) where the SRG system operates at sufficiently high speed that it operates in the single pulse mode. The turn-on and turn-off angles are the two parameters through which we can control the electric power generation. The objective of the work is to develop an easily implementable control algorithm that automatically maintains the most efficient excitation angles in producing the required amount of electric power. The work is focused on finding the most efficient excitation angles and characterizing them for easy implemention under closed loop control. Through modeling of an experimental SRG and extensive simulation, it can be seen that the optimal-efficiency turn-off angles can be characterized as a function of power and speed level. Within the closed-loop power controller, the optimal-efficiency turn-off angle is determined from an analytic curve fit. The turn-on angle is then used as the degree of freedom necessary to regulate the power produced by the SRG. Given that the turn-off angle is associated with optimal-efficiency at each speed and power point, overall operation is achieved at optimal-efficiency. The SRG, inverter and control system are modeled in Simulink to demonstrate the operation of the system when implemented within a voltage regulation system. The control technique is then applied to an experimental SRG system. Experimental operation documents that the technique provides for efficient operation of the SRG system through tuning the controller at only four operating points.
Aflatoxin-free transgenic maize using host-induced gene silencing (2017)

Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by some <i>Aspergillus</i> species, are a universal agricultural economic problem and a critical health issue. Despite decades of control efforts, aflatoxin contamination is responsible for a global loss of millions of tons of crops each year. We show that host-induced gene silencing is an effective method for eliminating this toxin in transgenic maize. We transformed maize plants with a kernel-specific RNA interference (RNAi) gene cassette targeting the <i>aflC</i> gene, which encodes an enzyme in the <i>Aspergillus</i> aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. After pathogen infection, aflatoxin could not be detected in kernels from these RNAi transgenic maize plants, while toxin loads reached thousands of parts per billion in nontransgenic control kernels. A comparison of transcripts in developing aflatoxin-free transgenic kernels with those from nontransgenic kernels showed no significant differences between these two groups. These results demonstrate that small interfering RNA molecules can be used to silence aflatoxin biosynthesis in maize, providing an attractive and precise engineering strategy that could also be extended to other crops to improve food security.
A CMOS 64×48 Single Photon Avalanche Diode Array with Event-Driven Readout (2006)

This paper presents a CMOS array of 64times48 pixels capable of detecting single photons with timing accuracies better than 80ps. Upon photon arrival, a digital pulse is generated and routed by an event-driven digital readout scheme to a specific location for further processing. This method allows non-sequential row-wise and simultaneous column-wise detection while preserving photon arrival timing information. The readout scheme is scalable and it is shown to have minimal impact on timing accuracy. Time-correlated fluorescence spectroscopy and optical rangefinders are among the target applications for this technology
Fast multislice pH‐weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI with Unevenly segmented RF irradiation (2010)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a versatile imaging technique for measuring microenvironment properties via dilute CEST labile groups. Conventionally, CEST MRI is implemented with a long radiofrequency irradiation module, followed by fast image acquisition to obtain the steady state CEST contrast. Nevertheless, the sensitivity, scan time, and spatial coverage of the conventional CEST MRI method may not be optimal. Our study proposed a segmented radiofrequency labeling scheme that includes a long primary radiofrequency irradiation module to generate the steady state CEST contrast and repetitive short secondary radiofrequency irradiation module immediately after the image acquisition so as to maintain the steady state CEST contrast for multislice acquisition and signal averaging. The proposed CEST MRI method was validated experimentally with a tissue-like pH phantom and optimized for the maximal contrast-to-noise ratio. In addition, the proposed sequence was evaluated for imaging ischemic acidosis via pH-weighted endogenous amide proton transfer MRI, which showed similar contrast as conventional amide proton transfer MRI. In sum, a fast multislice relaxation self-compensated CEST MRI sequence was developed, with significantly improved sensitivity and suitable for in vivo applications.
SIP message prioritization and its applications (2006)

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling is an integral part of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to support services such as Voice over IP (VoIP), multimedia sessions, presence, and instant messaging (IM). All of these services share a common SIP signaling infrastructure. In spite of careful network engineering, SIP network elements may experience high-load situations, in which SIP messages may experience too much delay or even get dropped. This paper addresses how such undesired high-load situations can be handled effectively by introducing a message prioritization mechanism in SIP servers. To validate the mechanism, it has been implemented in a high-performance JAIN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> -SIP-compliant Java <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> SIP stack. This SIP stack incorporates several other innovations, such as a very efficient SIP message parser, and it can be used for a variety of SIP-based applications. Its design enables service providers to define custom message prioritization and rejection strategies based on SIP message characteristics, system state, and statistics. Measurements show that high-priority emergency messages can indeed be serviced without significant delay or loss in a high-load situation. The concept of and techniques for SIP prioritization are the subjects of a Lucent Technologies patent application.
Evidence for a Retroviral Insertion in TRPM1 as the Cause of Congenital Stationary Night Blindness and Leopard Complex Spotting in the Horse (2013)

Leopard complex spotting is a group of white spotting patterns in horses caused by an incompletely dominant gene (LP) where homozygotes (LP/LP) are also affected with congenital stationary night blindness. Previous studies implicated Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily M, Member 1 (TRPM1) as the best candidate gene for both CSNB and LP. RNA-Seq data pinpointed a 1378 bp insertion in intron 1 of TRPM1 as the potential cause. This insertion, a long terminal repeat (LTR) of an endogenous retrovirus, was completely associated with LP, testing 511 horses (χ(2)=1022.00, p<<0.0005), and CSNB, testing 43 horses (χ(2)=43, p<<0.0005). The LTR was shown to disrupt TRPM1 transcription by premature poly-adenylation. Furthermore, while deleterious transposable element insertions should be quickly selected against the identification of this insertion in three ancient DNA samples suggests it has been maintained in the horse gene pool for at least 17,000 years. This study represents the first description of an LTR insertion being associated with both a pigmentation phenotype and an eye disorder.
TDP-43 repression of nonconserved cryptic exons is compromised in ALS-FTD (2015)

Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, accompanied by its nuclear clearance, is a key common pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). However, a limited understanding of this RNA-binding protein (RBP) impedes the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms underlying TDP-43 proteinopathy. In contrast to RBPs that regulate splicing of conserved exons, we found that TDP-43 repressed the splicing of nonconserved cryptic exons, maintaining intron integrity. When TDP-43 was depleted from mouse embryonic stem cells, these cryptic exons were spliced into messenger RNAs, often disrupting their translation and promoting nonsense-mediated decay. Moreover, enforced repression of cryptic exons prevented cell death in TDP-43-deficient cells. Furthermore, repression of cryptic exons was impaired in ALS-FTD cases, suggesting that this splicing defect could potentially underlie TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Carbon Dioxide Capture from the Air Using a Polyamine Based Regenerable Solid Adsorbent (2011)

Easy to prepare solid materials based on fumed silica impregnated with polyethylenimine (PEI) were found to be superior adsorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide directly from air. During the initial hours of the experiments, these adsorbents effectively scrubbed all the CO(2) from the air despite its very low concentration. The effect of moisture on the adsorption characteristics and capacity was studied at room temperature. Regenerative ability was also determined in a short series of adsorption/desorption cycles.
Design Patterns Based Pre-processing of Source Code for Plagiarism Detection (2012)

Plagiarism detection in software programs is very important in both academia and industry. There are many tools available today to aid in detecting plagiarism in text and source documents. Most of the plagiarism detection tools for source code do some sort of pre-processing, like removing comments & blank spaces and using uniform tokens for primitive types & variables, before actually applying intelligent matching techniques so that the tool can detect the copied code even if it is changed in format and variable names etc. In this paper, we propose a novel preprocessing approach based on design patterns such that any code that is intelligently plagiarized can also be easily located.
Self-aligned high electron mobility transistor gate fabrication using focused ion beams (1991)

A new gate fabrication technique has been developed based on focused ion beam exposure and reactive ion etching of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/Ge/PMMA multilevel resist structure. The focused ion beam exposes the thin PMMA imaging layer that is transferred directly to the germanium layer using reactive ion etching (RIE). The underlying resist is etched first in oxygen at high pressure, providing an undercut, bowl-shaped profile, followed by an extremely low pressure, anisotropic oxygen process, which etches a narrow stem down to the base of the resist, resulting in a chalice-shaped profile. Removing the germanium layer allows the profile to be used to lift off the Ti/Pt/Au gate. This process is compatible with our self-aligned gate high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process and provides an alternative technique for gate fabrication below 75 nm. Focused ion beam gate structures have been fabricated with 60 nm gate length and 0.15 μm2 cross section using this technique and shown that the resulting gate profile can be used to shadow a 200 nm thick Ohmic contact evaporation to form the self-aligned structure with a source/drain spacing of 225 nm. It has also been determined that ion bombardment damage to the HEMT channel during RIE can be eliminated by limiting the plasma potential to less than 45 V.
Adaptive optics binocular visual simulator to study stereopsis in the presence of aberrations (2010)

A binocular adaptive optics visual simulator has been devised for the study of stereopsis and of binocular vision in general. The apparatus is capable of manipulating the aberrations of each eye separately while subjects perform visual tests. The correcting device is a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator permitting the control of aberrations in the two eyes of the observer simultaneously in open loop. The apparatus can be operated as an electro-optical binocular phoropter with two micro-displays projecting different scenes to each eye. Stereo-acuity tests (three-needle test and random-dot stereograms) have been programmed for exploring the performance of the instrument. As an example, stereo-acuity has been measured in two subjects in the presence of defocus and/or trefoil, showing a complex relationship between the eye's optical quality and stereopsis. This instrument might serve for a better understanding of the relationship of binocular vision and stereopsis performance and the eye's aberrations.
Hypoxia-Regulated Retinal Glial Cell–Specific Promoter for Potential Gene Therapy in Disease (2011)

This hypoxia-regulated, retinal glial cell-specific AAV vector provides a platform for gene therapy within regions of retinal hypoxia which are found in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.