gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence (2007)

A new platform for fluorescence enhancement incorporating photonic crystal slabs is demonstrated. Fluorescence enhancement occurs by the effect of leaky eigenmodes that serve to enhance near-field intensities and simultaneously provide enhanced extraction.
Mining product intention rules from transaction logs of an ecommerce portal (2009)

In this paper, we address the following problem: In the context of an ecommerce portal with product based inventory, predict the product p the user is interested, when he/she issues a query q. A viable solution to the above problem is necessary for e-commerce portals to a:) increase the relevance of their search results and b:) provide high quality recommendations. Higher quality search results and recommendations foster user purchases and thereby leading to increased revenue.
Majorana Superconducting Qubit (2018)

We propose a platform for universal quantum computation that uses conventional $s$-wave superconducting leads to address a topological qubit stored in spatially separated Majorana bound states in a multi-terminal topological superconductor island. Both the manipulation and read-out of this "Majorana superconducting qubit" are realized by tunnel couplings between Majorana bound states and the superconducting leads. The ability of turning on and off tunnel couplings on-demand by local gates enables individual qubit addressability while avoiding cross-talk errors. By combining the scalability of superconducting qubit and the robustness of topological qubits, the Majorana superconducting qubit may provide a promising and realistic route towards quantum computation.
Advanced analysis techniques for cross-product coverage (2006)

Coverage analysis is used to monitor the quality of the verification process. Reports provided by coverage tools help users identify areas in the design that have not been adequately tested. Because of their sheer size, the analysis of large coverage models can be an intimidating and time-consuming task. This paper presents two new techniques for coverage analysis. The first technique, coverage query, allows users that concentrate on a single uncovered event to find larger phenomena (e.g., hole) that contains this event. The second technique, quasi-hole analysis, automatically identifies large areas in the coverage space that are lightly covered. The proposed techniques provide additional means for extracting relevant, useful information, thereby improving the quality of the coverage analysis. A number of examples are provided showing how the proposed method improved the verification of actual designs.
Flower‐specific expression of the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyltransferase</i> gene results in radial expansion of floral organs in <i>Petunia hybrida</i> (2008)

Biotechnology has the potential to modify commercially important traits of crops, such as fruit size and stress tolerance. To date, the floricultural industry has not profited significantly from these possibilities to manipulate, for example, flower size. Cytokinins are known to be involved in many aspects of plant development, including cell division. Increasing the amount of cytokinins has the potential to increase the size of an organ, such as the flower or the fruit. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens cytokinin biosynthesis gene isopentenyltransferase (ipt) has been shown to increase cytokinin levels when introduced into plants. Moreover, it has a dramatic effect on the vegetative development of plants. The expression of the ipt gene under the control of the flower-specific Arabidopsis APETALA3 promoter in petunia (Petunia hybrida) increases the flower size dramatically, but with no effect on vegetative development. The resulting transgenic plants produced flowers with larger corolla diameter and greater total floral fresh weight. This strategy has the potential for use in the production of ornamental crops with large flowers and crop species with larger fruit.
Method of encoding and scheduling data packets in communication system, involves forming composite data packets by combining two regular multicast data packets, when automatic repeat request is transmitted from receiving node. (2006)

NOVELTY - The method involves transmitting the multicast data packets (A,B) from the sending node (105) to the receiving nodes (110,120). The acknowledgement message is transmitted from the receiving node to the sending node, when the transmitted data packets are received by the receiving node. The composite data packets are formed by combining two regularly transmitted multicast data packets, when an automatic repeat request (ARQ) is transmitted from the receiving node. USE - Method of encoding and scheduling data packets in sending node of communication system (both claimed). ADVANTAGE - Since the composite data packets are formed by combining two regularly transmitted multicast data packets, the transmission capability of the sending node can be improved. And the data packet loss in the communication system can be prevented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) sending node; and (2) communication system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the data transmission sequence in the communication system. Sending node (105) Receiving nodes (110,120) Multicast data packets (A,B)
A biomarker signature to predict complete response to itacitinib and corticosteroids in acute graft‐versus‐host disease (2022)

A broad proteomic analysis was conducted to identify and evaluate candidate biomarkers potentially predictive of response to treatment with an oral selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, itacitinib, in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Plasma samples from 25 participants (identification cohort; NCT02614612) were used to identify novel biomarkers that were tested in a validation cohort from a placebo-controlled, randomised trial (n = 210; NCT03139604). The identification cohort received corticosteroids plus 200 or 300 mg itacitinib once daily. The validation cohort received corticosteroids plus 200 mg itacitinib once daily or placebo. A broad proteomic analysis was conducted using a proximity extension assay. Baseline and longitudinal comparisons were performed with unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance used to evaluate biomarker level changes. Seven candidate biomarkers were identified. Monocyte-chemotactic protein (MCP)3, pro-calcitonin/calcitonin (ProCALCA/CALCA), together with a previously identified prognostic acute GVHD biomarker, regenerating islet-derived protein (REG)3A, stratified complete responders from non-responders (participants with progressive disease) to itacitinib, but not placebo, potentially representing predictive biomarkers of itacitinib in acute GVHD. ProCALCA/CALCA, suppressor of tumorigenicity (ST)2, and tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 were significantly reduced over time by itacitinib in responders, potentially representing response-to-treatment biomarkers. Novel biomarkers have the potential to identify patients with acute GVHD that may respond to itacitinib plus corticosteroid treatment (NCT02614612; NCT03139604).
On the assembly of dodecameric glutamine synthetase from stable chaperonin complexes (1993)

For many in vitro protein-folding reactions, the fraction of correctly folded product declines as the initial protein concentration increases due primarily to misfolding and aggregation reactions. Under optimal conditions and in the presence of ATP, chaperonins (groEL and groES) enhanced the renaturation of dodecameric glutamine synthetase (GS) with yields of active enzyme between 75 and 85% of the original activity (Fisher, M.T. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3955-3963). In spite of this enhancement, a concentration-dependent decline in recoverable activity was observed when increasing concentrations of unfolded GS were rapidly mixed with renaturation buffer containing a 2-fold molar excess (GS subunits:groEL oligomer) of chaperonins. When a stable groEL-GS complex, formed under optimal conditions, was concentrated 4-fold by centrifugal ultrafiltration prior to ATP addition, the amount of total active GS (percent of the original activity) recovered remained at optimal levels and no longer showed a concentration-dependent decline. The GS subunits that are initially bound and then released from groEL by ATP are assembly-competent. It is proposed that the subunits are no longer able to kinetically equilibrate with folding intermediates that misfold or aggregate. If a stable groEL-protein substrate complex can be amassed without loss of activity, this will facilitate studies on molecular aspects of chaperonin release mechanisms and oligomeric protein assembly.
Antibody Targeting of Liposomes: Cell Specificity Obtained by Conjugation of F(ab′) <sub>2</sub> to Vesicle Surface (1980)

A method devised for conjugating liposomes with protein resulted in the binding of up to 200 micrograms of immunoglobulin G per micromole of lipid. The coupling of antibody to human erythrocyte F(ab')2 in vesicles (140 molecules per vesicle) by this method caused a 200-fold increase in the binding of vesticles to human erythrocytes and resulted in about 80 percent of the vesicle lipid and contents being associated with cells.
A novel partial discharge detection system based on wireless technology (2013)

A novel Partial Discharge detection system is here described. The system employs a special wideband antenna as a sensor, allowing to sense either Partial Discharges pulses either the AC supply voltage at a distance from the component under test, so avoiding the need of direct connection or component shutdown. Thanks to its wireless nature and small physical dimensions, the system enables to perform accurate on-line Partial Discharge diagnosis even in circumstances where conventional instrumentation would be impractical to use, so greatly extending the applicability of this diagnostic method.
Synthesis of high surface area chromium(III) oxides (1988)

Chromium(III) oxides can be prepared by a number of routes. They are catalysts for olefin hydrogenation or isomerization, the synthesis of halogenated hydrocarbons, isotopic exchange between alkanes and deuterium, and the dehydration of alcohols. Commercial sources of chromia often have relatively low surface areas (ca. 10 m{sup 2}/g). Different preparation routes result in chromium oxides with different surface characteristics, and previous synthetic efforts focused on generating the oxide with as high a surface area as possible. During the course of their work with aerogels, it occurred to them that the process of hypercritical venting should produce a much higher surface area product than the traditional xerogel-based routes reported earlier for chromium(III) oxide. With the application of the aerogel technology to the traditional synthetic routes, they obtained chromium oxides with surface areas (528-784 m{sup 2}/g) at least twice as large as previous (xerogel based) reports and pore volumes in excess of 3 cm{sup 3}/g.
Engineering a Novel Bivalent Oral Vaccine against Enteric Fever (2021)

Enteric fever is a major global healthcare issue caused largely by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. The objective of this study was to develop a novel, bivalent oral vaccine capable of protecting against both serovars. Our approach centred on genetically engineering the attenuated <i>S.</i> Typhi ZH9 strain, which has an excellent safety record in clinical trials, to introduce two <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A immunogenic elements: flagellin H:a and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O:2. We first replaced the native <i>S.</i> Typhi <i>fliC</i> gene encoding flagellin with the highly homologous <i>fliC</i> gene from <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A using Xer-cise technology. Next, we replaced the <i>S.</i> Typhi <i>rfbE</i> gene encoding tyvelose epimerase with a spacer sequence to enable the sustained expression of O:2 LPS and prevent its conversion to O:9 through tyvelose epimerase activity. The resulting new strain, ZH9PA, incorporated these two genetic changes and exhibited comparable growth kinetics to the parental ZH9 strain. A formulation containing both ZH9 and ZH9PA strains together constitutes a new bivalent vaccine candidate that targets both <i>S.</i> Typhi and <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A antigens to address a major global healthcare gap for enteric fever prophylaxis. This vaccine is now being tested in a Phase I clinical trial (NCT04349553).
Generation of Novel Bone Forming Cells (Monoosteophils) from the Cathelicidin-Derived Peptide LL-37 Treated Monocytes (2010)

Blood derived monocytes treated with LL-37 can be differentiated into a novel bone forming cell that functions both in vitro and in vivo. We propose the name monoosteophil to indicate their monocyte derived lineage and their bone forming phenotype. These cells may have wide ranging implications in the clinic including repair of broken bones and treatment of osteoporosis.
SUPER RESOLUTION READOUT OF A MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK WITH AN IN-PLANE MAGNETIZATION LAYER (1993)

A new magneto-optical (MO) disk, which consists of magnetic double layers, for super resolution readout was developed. We developed a new characteristic GdFeCo film as a readout layer whose magnetization direction changes from in-plane to perpendicular as a temperature rises. Using such a GdFeCo film combined with a DyFeCo recording film, higher linear density and track density than those of the conventional MO disks were achieved without an external magnetic field for readout and with a conventional optical head.
VGF: a biomarker and potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain? (2019)

Neuropathic pain (NP) remains an area of considerable unmet medical need. A persistent challenge in the management of NP is to target the specific mechanisms leading to a change from normal to abnormal sensory perception while ensuring that the defensive pain perception remains intact. Targeting VGF-derived neuropeptides may offer this opportunity. VGF was first identified in 1985 and is highly expressed after nerve injury and inflammation in neurons of both the peripheral and central nervous system. Subsequent studies implicate the <i>vgf</i> gene and its products in pain pathways. This narrative review was supported by a systematic search to identify, select, and critically appraise all relevant research investigating the role of VGF-derived neuropeptides in pain pathways. It predominantly focuses on in vivo investigations of the role of VGF in the initiation and maintenance of NP. VGF expression levels are very low under normal physiological conditions and nerve injury results in rapid and robust upregulation, increasing mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. The identification of the 2 complement receptors with which VGF neuropeptides interact suggests a novel interplay of neuronal and immune signalling mediators. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling events by which VGF-derived active neuropeptides exert their physiological actions is in its infancy. Future work should aim to improve understanding of the downstream consequences of VGF neuropeptides thereby providing novel insights into pain mechanisms potentially leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Generation and characterization of a single‐gene mouse–human chimeric antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (2006)

Because it is a single-gene product, this chimeric scFv-Fc has the advantage of stable expression. Being chimeric and bivalent, it is expected to be less immunogenic and therefore suitable for further in vivo studies on virus neutralization.
Solution and Solid-State Emission Toggling of a Photochromic Hydrazone (2018)

The proliferation of light-activated switches in recent years has enabled their use in a broad range of applications encompassing an array of research fields and disciplines. All current systems, however, have limitations (e.g., from complicated synthesis to incompatibility in biologically relevant media and lack of switching in the solid-state) that can stifle their real-life application. Here we report on a system that packs most, if not all, the desired, targeted and sought-after traits from photochromic compounds (bistability, switching in various media ranging from serum to solid-state, while exhibiting ON/OFF fluorescence emission switching, and two-photon assisted near-infrared light toggling) in an easily accessible structure.
Virtual private networks: joint resource allocation and routing design (1999)

We consider the resource allocation problem in the design of intranets or virtual private networks (VPNs) that is faced by a service provider, which has service level agreements with various customers to carry their multiservice traffic. The design allocates bandwidth on each link to the VPNs such that, when the traffic of a customer is optimally routed over its VPN, a weighted aggregate measure of carried bandwidth over the service provider's infrastructure is maximized, subject to constraints that each VPN carries a specified minimum. Multiplexing is across services and routes within each VPN, but not across VPNs. The traffic modelling is at the flow or call level, with random arrivals and holding times of calls and each call requiring (effective) bandwidth, which is characteristic of the call's service type, on all links in its route. The network is modelled as a multirate loss network. Scalability of the design process, i.e., the ability to handle OC3 and higher rates, is an important contribution, and this is achieved by the systematic use of a refined uniform asymptotic approximation. Our software package VPN DESIGNER incorporates these results. We report on numerical results for problems with up to 8 VPNs on a network with 8 nodes, 24 OC3 links, 5 services and up to 640 routes.
Technique for detecting changes in fluorescence lifetime by means of optoelectronic circuit auto-oscillation (2001)

We present a new, simple, inexpensive, and highly precise approach to excited-state fluorescence-lifetime-based measurements. The detection system consists of a closed-loop optoelectronic arrangement containing a radio frequency resonance amplifier, a fluorescence excitation light source, a fiber-optic delay line, and a photodetector. The system exhibits auto-oscillations in the form of intensity modulation. The oscillation frequency varies with the modulation phase shift of the fluorescent light. This frequency is used as the detection parameter, which is advantageous because frequency may be measured easily, inexpensively, and with high precision. This technique is well suited for chemical or biosensor applications.
Integration of resistive switching NiO in small via structures from localized oxidation of nickel metallic layer (2008)

Conventional memories approaching their scaling limit, reversible resistance switching effects attract considerable attention because of the potential for high density non volatile memory devices. These resistive switching phenomena have been reported in many simple transition metal oxide films such as TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> or NiO deposited by standard sputtering techniques. This paper is investigating the feasibility of emerging resistive-switching stacks enabling integration of the memory element in interconnect structures resulting in very small memory cells. Indeed, we have developed innovative process steps leading to localized formation of bi-stable NiO at the bottom of via structures. Thickness-controlled NiO layers were formed from the partial oxidation of blanket Ni metallic layer through via holes opened in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Reversible and repetitive switching was demonstrated on arrays of vias with diameter down to 150 nm. Besides, encouraging reliability performances in terms of endurance and retention were obtained.
Telecentric broadband objective lenses for optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the context of low uncertainty metrology of freeform optical components: from design to testing for wavefront and telecentricity (2019)

Freeform optical components enable significant advances for optical systems. A major challenge for freeform optics is the current lack of metrology methods with measurement uncertainty on the order of tens of nanometers or less. Towards addressing this challenge, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a viable technique. In the context of low uncertainty metrology, the design requirements pertaining to the sample arm of an OCT metrology system are explicitly addressed in this paper. Two telecentric, broadband, diffraction limited, custom objective lens designs are presented with their design strategies. One objective lens was fabricated and experimentally tested for wavefront performance and telecentricity. This lens demonstrates near diffraction limited performance and a maximum deviation from telecentricity of 8.7 arcseconds across the full field of view, correlating to measurement uncertainty of less than 12 nm in simulation. The telecentricity test method developed completes the loop with respect to the design requirements and strategies presented and provides further intuition for telecentric lens designs in general.
Smart camera with extended depth of field (2006)

A smart camera is studied that combines the blurring logarithmic asphere lens and maximum entropy processing to extend the depth of field 10 times over that of a conventional lens and to provide near diffraction-limited performance. For this camera, a circularly symmetric logarithmic lens with radially varying focus length provides an image with distance invariant blur; a newly developed digital deconvolution technique, the accelerated maximum entropy processing, is thereafter applied to recover the sharp image providing an extended depth of field. Three types of logarithmic aspheres are described together with the effect of aperture apodizations. We show that the central obscuration of the aperture improves the overall performance of the smart camera, especially the near distance performance. The performance of the maximum entropy processing is greatly improved by introducing a new metric parameter into the algorithm. In the presentation, I will demonstrate the novel maximum entropy algorithm that has been devised, and also demonstrate the lens manufacturing technique of magnetorheological finisher that we used.
Hexhoop: Modular Templates For Converting A Hex-Dominant Mesh To An All-Hex Mesh. (2001)

This paper presents a new mesh conversion template, called HEXHOOP, that fully automates a conversion from a hex-dominant mesh to an all-hex mesh. A HEXHOOP template subdivides a hex/prism/pyramid element to a set of smaller hex elements while maintaining the topological conformity with neighboring elements. A HEXHOOP template is constructed by assembling sub-templates, cores and caps. A dicing template for a hex and a prism is constructed by choosing the appropriate combination of a core and caps. A template that dices a pyramid without losing conformity to the adjacent element is derived from a HEXHOOP template. Some experimental results show that the HEXHOOP templates successfully convert a hex-dominant mesh to an all-hex mesh.