gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional Moiré phase analysis for accurate strain distribution measurement and application in crack prediction (2017)

Aimed at the low accuracy problem of shear strain measurement in Moiré methods, a two-dimensional (2D) Moiré phase analysis method is proposed for full-field deformation measurement with high accuracy. A grid image is first processed by the spatial phase-shifting sampling Moiré technique to get the Moiré phases in two directions, which are then conjointly analyzed for measuring 2D displacement and strain distributions. The strain especially the shear strain measurement accuracy is remarkably improved, and dynamic deformation is measurable from automatic batch processing of single-shot grid images. As an application, the 2D microscale strain distributions of a titanium alloy were measured, and the crack occurrence location was successfully predicted from strain concentration.
Voyager: Revisiting Available Bandwidth Estimation With a New Class of Methods—Decreasing- Chirp-Train Methods (2022)

The available bandwidth (ABW) of a network path is a crucial metric for various applications, such as traffic engineering, congestion control, multimedia streaming, and path selection in software-defined wide-area networks (SDWAN). In recent years, a new class of measurement methods have been proposed to estimate the available bandwidth, decreasing-chirp-train methods. However, the performance and limitations of this new class of methods are neither well studied nor fairly compared beyond simulation studies. In this work, we implement Voyager, a modular framework that allows us to conduct a fair and thorough comparison of how a variety of modern bandwidth estimation methods perform under different network paths and traffic conditions. We shed light on the characteristics and limitations of the internal algorithms of various methods, and propose two new methods. We investigate the impact of various bottleneck types and traffic types, and we explore the performance of these methods on high speed links where interrupt coalescence can cause measurement noise. We finally test Voyager on long-distance Internet links and with live traffic and report our findings.
Polymeric Optical Waveguides (1990)

The present work describes the characterization of internally developed epoxy ridge optical waveguides which exhibit low propagation loss (0.3 dB/cm at 1.3 μm), high environmental stability (low sensitivity to moisture), have smooth walls (100 nm sidewall roughness), and high temperature stability (275°C). The techniques used to fabricate these waveguides are compatible with the planar processes used in the manufacture of high performance electronic packages.
Rescheduling with iterative repair (1992)

This paper presents a new approach to rescheduling called constraint-based iterative repair. This approach gives our system the ability to satisfy domain constraints, address optimization concerns, minimize perturbation to the original schedule, and produce modified schedules quickly. The system begins with an initial, flawed schedule and then iteratively repairs constraint violations until a conflict-free schedule is produced. In an empirical demonstration, we vary the importance of minimizing perturbation and report how fast the system is able to resolve conflicts in a given time bound. These experiments were performed within the domain of Space Shuttle ground processing.
Sensitive Determination of Amino Acid Derivatives from N-Terminal Sequence Analysis (1991)

Analysis of amino acid derivatives at the femtomole level is a challenge in the field of protein sequence analysis. 2-Anilino-5-thiazolinone (ATZ-) amino acids obtained by Edman degradation, were quantitatively derivatized with 4-aminofluorescein. The amino acid derivatives sensitized with this fluorescent reagent were separated using reversed-phase HPLC and identified at the 100 attomole level. Incorporation of this method into the operation of a conventional automated sequencer is extensively studied and several modifications are proposed including the use of heptafluorobutyric acid for the cyclization step.
Handling CCI and ICI in OFDMA femtocell networks through frequency scheduling (2009)

Femtocells have a strong potential for increasing the efficiency and coverage of next-generation broadband wireless networks. In this paper, a co-channel framework for the coexistence of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based macrocell and femtocell wireless networks is proposed. It is based on utilizing the resource blocks of macrocell-associated mobile stations (mMSs) that are far away to a femtocell base station (fBS), therefore avoiding strong interference that may occur between a femtocell and close-by mMSs. An avoidance method that jointly utilizes the spectrum sensing results as well as scheduling information obtained from the macrocell base station (mBS) is introduced. Moreover, the impact of inter-carrier interference (ICI) from the mMSs in the uplink is discussed and evaluated through simulations.
Enhancing Evolutionary Conversion Rate Optimization via Multi-Armed Bandit Algorithms (2019)

Conversion rate optimization means designing web interfaces such that more visitors perform a desired action (such as register or purchase) on the site. One promising approach, implemented in Sentient Ascend, is to optimize the design using evolutionary algorithms, evaluating each candidate design online with actual visitors. Because such evaluations are costly and noisy, several challenges emerge: How can available visitor traffic be used most efficiently? How can good solutions be identified most reliably? How can a high conversion rate be maintained during optimization? This paper proposes a new technique to address these issues. Traffic is allocated to candidate solutions using a multi-armed bandit algorithm, using more traffic on those evaluations that are most useful. In a best-arm identification mode, the best candidate can be identified reliably at the end of evolution, and in a campaign mode, the overall conversion rate can be optimized throughout the entire evolution process. Multi-armed bandit algorithms thus improve performance and reliability of machine discovery in noisy real-world environments.
Pre-Transplant Assessment of AMR Risk by Novel Donor/Recipient Non-HLA Variants (2018)

Background Transplant (tx) injury from antibody mediated (AMR) and T cell mediated (CMR) rejection, limits indefinite survival after HLA mismatched organ tx. AMR is incompletely diagnosed as donor/recipient (D/R) matching is only limited to the HLA locus and critical nHLA immunogenic antigens remain to be identified. Methods We have developed an integrative computational approach leveraging D/R exome sequencing and gene expression to predict risk of post-tx AMR and CMR, by pre-tx assessment of a single blood sample from the D/R pair. Rigorous statistical analysis on 28 highly annotated D/R kidney tx pairs before tx, where the recipients developed biopsy confirmed rejection after tx, identified a significantly higher number of mismatched nHLA variants in AMR (p = 0.02), 123 variants associated with post-tx AMR risk (p < 0.001; Fischer’s exact test), from which a subset of 65 variants identified recipients likely to develop AMR with very low error rate (random forest) (Fig.1).These variants are functionally highly relevant to the rejection process as they relate to genes and/or eQTLs that are enriched in genes expressed in kidney and vascular endothelium and underlie the immunobiology of graft rejection.Conclusion In addition to current D/R HLA mismatch evaluation, additional D/R mismatch nHLA analysis for the 65 variants, can enhance pre-tx D/R pair risk stratification for post-tx recipient AMR risk. This provides an AMR risk-score for each D/R pair even before engraftment of the tx organ, allowing for selective optimization for the D/R pair with lowest AMR and CMR risk, when multiple D/R pairs are available in the context of living donation. In the case of deceased donation, the AMR risk score for D/R pair can drive immunosuppression selection. This innovative study design is applicable in all solid organ tx, where the impact of mitigating AMR on graft survival may be greater, with considerable benefits on improving human morbidity and mortality and opens the door to precision immunosuppression delivery and extended tx survival. Dmitry Rychkov, Mark Nguyen, Sanchita Bhattacharya, Atul Butte and Pui Kwok for useful discussion. Eunice Wan and Pauline Fujita from the core facility at UCSF for their help with the exome sequencing processing.
Wing Velocity Control System for Testing Body Motion Control Methods for Flapping Wing MAVs (2013)

This work is focused on testing the viability of split-cycle constant-period frequency modulation for controlling a flapping wing micro air vehicle. By varying the velocities of the upstroke and downstroke portions of a flapping wings’ motion, non-zero cycle-averaged drag can be generated. This results in the ability to control the roll and horizontal translation of the vehicle by varying the split-cycle parameter. In this paper, a flapping wing prototype is developed for testing the split-cycle technique. A fuselage, wings, motor control electronics, and motor control software are created to allow wireless control of the motion of the flapping wing vehicle. The complete vehicle is then placed on an air table for experimental testing. The air table provides the lift equal to weight condition and constrains the pitch and yaw degrees of freedom while allowing for roll rotation and horizontal translation. In this way, testing of the degrees of freedom which can be manipulated via split-cycle, namely roll and horizontal translation, can be performed. The air table tests reveal that split-cycle can be used to control these two degrees of freedom.
A cost-based model and effective heuristic for repairing constraints by value modification (2005)

Data integrated from multiple sources may contain inconsistencies that violate integrity constraints. The constraint repair problem attempts to find "low cost" changes that, when applied, will cause the constraints to be satisfied. While in most previous work repair cost is stated in terms of tuple insertions and deletions, we follow recent work to define a database repair as a set of value modifications. In this context, we introduce a novel cost framework that allows for the application of techniques from record-linkage to the search for good repairs. We prove that finding minimal-cost repairs in this model is NP-complete in the size of the database, and introduce an approach to heuristic repair-construction based on equivalence classes of attribute values. Following this approach, we define two greedy algorithms. While these simple algorithms take time cubic in the size of the database, we develop optimizations inspired by algorithms for duplicate-record detection that greatly improve scalability. We evaluate our framework and algorithms on synthetic and real data, and show that our proposed optimizations greatly improve performance at little or no cost in repair quality.
LP‐L: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> Novel Configuration of the Zenithal Bistable Nematic Liquid‐Crystal Device (1998)

Abstract Zenithal Bistable Devices (ZBD) are grating aligned nematic liquid crystal devices‐which retain the written image after removal of the field and despite mechanical stress. This makes them a most suitable candidate for application in high information content, plastic displays. A novel ZBD configuration is reported which offers significantly improved optical performance, particularly whilst the image is being updated.
High Flux Passive Imaging With Single-Photon Sensors (2019)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are an emerging technology with a unique capability of capturing individual photons with high timing precision. SPADs are being used in several active imaging systems (e.g., fluorescence lifetime microscopy and LiDAR), albeit mostly limited to low photon flux settings. We propose passive free-running SPAD (PF-SPAD) imaging, an imaging modality that uses SPADs for capturing 2D intensity images with unprecedented dynamic range under ambient lighting, without any active light source. Our key observation is that the precise inter-photon timing measured by a SPAD can be used for estimating scene brightness under ambient lighting conditions, even for very bright scenes. We develop a theoretical model for PF-SPAD imaging, and derive a scene brightness estimator based on the average time of darkness between successive photons detected by a PF-SPAD pixel. Our key insight is that due to the stochastic nature of photon arrivals, this estimator does not suffer from a hard saturation limit. Coupled with high sensitivity at low flux, this enables a PF-SPAD pixel to measure a wide range of scene brightnesses, from very low to very high, thereby achieving extreme dynamic range. We demonstrate an improvement of over 2 orders of magnitude over conventional sensors by imaging scenes spanning a dynamic range of 10^6:1.
Formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films at Interfaces Between Thermotropic Liquid Crystals and Aqueous Phases (2006)

Preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films at fluid interfaces between aqueous solutions and liquid crystals is described. The orientation of the liquid crystals is coupled to the presence and organization of the PEM films (see figure). The PEM films can selectively mediate the interactions between solutes and the interfaces of the liquid crystals. PEM films offer a general method to tailor the interfacial properties of liquid crystals for chemical or biological sensing.
Spectral optical coherence tomography for nondestructive examinations (2006)

An overview of the spectral optical coherence tomography which is the alternative to the traditional Time domain version is given. Examples of applications in ophthalmology as well as in art preservation are presented.
Prostaglandin analogues and nitric oxide contribution in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma (2018)

In patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma, all treatments aim to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by modulating aqueous humour (AH) production and/or uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal AH drainage. PG analogues are considered to be the 'gold standard' treatment and are the most frequently used IOP-lowering agents. Recent data support an important role for NO in regulating IOP. Thus, novel PG analogues carrying a NO-donating moiety were recently advanced. Latanoprostene bunod (LBN) and NCX 470, NO-donating derivatives of latanoprost and bimatoprost, respectively, are examples of such compounds. LBN ophthalmic solution, 0.024% (Vyzulta™), showed greater IOP-lowering efficacy compared with that of Xalatan<sup>®</sup> (latanoprost ophthalmic solution, 0.005%) or 0.5% timolol maleate in clinical settings. NCX 470 was found to be more effective than bimatoprost in animal models of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Selective EP<sub>2</sub> receptor agonists (i.e. taprenepag isopropyl, omidenepag isopropyl and aganepag isopropyl) and non-selective prostanoid receptor agonists (i.e. ONO-9054, sepetaprost isopropyl) that concomitantly stimulate FP and EP<sub>3</sub> receptors have also been shown to hold promise as effective IOP-lowering agents. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.
End-to-end quality of service coordination for multimedia applications in heterogeneous, mobile networks (2004)

Anytime, anyplace application of distributed, multimedia services requires flexible configuration of service quality and coordination of relevant management actions both in mobile terminal and network. This paper presents a new approach for coordinating quality of service (QoS) configuration at multimedia-session establishment and during service adaptations, in accordance with user preferences for service presentation, user contracts with providers, and access/utilization management of the access-provider networks. The general features of an end-to-end negotiation protocol (E2ENP) for multimedia-session management are discussed. E2ENP is designed to minimize signaling load and maximize flexibility of system configuration. The application model of the E2ENP is described and interactions between terminals and access provider are discussed. Some initial measurement results detailing E2ENP performance are presented in consideration with various network configurations.
Improving speech understanding accuracy with limited training data using multiple language models and multiple understanding models (2009)

We aim to improve a speech understanding module with a small amount of training data. A speech understanding module uses a language model (LM) and a language understanding model (LUM). A lot of training data are needed to improve the models. Such data collection is, however, difficult in an actual process of development. We therefore design and develop a new framework that uses multiple LMs and LUMs to improve speech understanding accuracy under various amounts of training data. Even if the amount of available training data is small, each LM and each LUM can deal well with different types of utterances and more utterances are understood by using multiple LM and LUM. As one implementation of the framework, we develop a method for selecting the most appropriate speech understanding result from several candidates. The selection is based on probabilities of correctness calculated by logistic regressions. We evaluate our framework with various amounts of training data. Index Terms: speech understanding, multiple language models and language understanding models, limited training data
Applications of quartz tuning forks in spectroscopic gas sensing (2005)

A recently introduced approach to photoacoustic detection of trace gases utilizing a quartz tuning fork (TF) as a resonant acoustic transducer is described in detail. Advantages of the technique called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) compared to conventional resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy include QEPAS sensor immunity to environmental acoustic noise, a simple absorption detection module design, and its capability to analyze gas samples ∼1mm3 in volume. Noise sources and the TF properties as a function of the sampled gas pressure, temperature and chemical composition are analyzed. Previously published results for QEPAS based chemical gas sensing are summarized. The achieved sensitivity of 5.4×10−9cm−1W∕√Hz is compared to recent published results of photoacoustic gas sensing by other research groups. An experimental study of the long-term stability of a QEPAS-based ammonia sensor is presented. The results of this study indicate that the sensor exhibits very low drift, which allows data averaging over &gt;3h of continuous concentration measurements. Architecture and practical implementation of autonomous QEPAS-sensor controller electronics is described. Future developments of QEPAS technique are outlined.
New autoantibodies associated with early rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Background and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoantibody mediated disease. Among the various autoantibodies known in RA, autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are highly specific. ACPAs are detected by an ELISA using synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). Anti-CCP antibodies identify 60% of RA patients. A negative result in anti-CCP antibody testing does not exclude RA. Therefore, there is a great need for new biological markers. By using arrays containing 8000 human proteins, we have identified 24 ‘new autoantigens’ associated with RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year. These results were obtained with the sera of 20 RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year versus 23 controls. Materials and methods To confirm these reactivities, we tested by ELISA the sera of extra RA patients and controls on these 24 ‘new autoantigens’. We tested 47 RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year and 25 RA patients with disease duration between 5 and 20 years. We also tested 66 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 21 patients with psoriasis arthritis (PsA) and 38 healthy subjects. Results Among the 24 proteins associated with early RA patients, we have identified 9 proteins (P1–P9) that are preferentially recognised by autoantibodies from early RA patients. Indeed, these proteins are recognised by 25–47% of RA patients with disease duration less than 1 year and less than 5% of controls. Of interest, autoantibodies to P1 are very specific for early RA. Indeed, 47% of RA patients9 sera recognise P1 versus 0% of AS patients (p −7 ), 0% of PsA patients (p=0.0001) and 0% of healthy individuals (p −5 ). Conclusions We have identified 9 proteins which are recognised by the sera of patients with early RA. These proteins could potentially be used as diagnosis markers in RA patients.
Self-assembled porphyrin nanostructures (2009)

Porphyrins and related tetrapyrroles have been extensively studied because of their importance in biological processes and they are often used in the development of artificial photosynthesis, catalysis, and sensor systems. Challenges in the development of functional nanoscale porphyrin systems are many, including the need to organize the porphyrins (e.g., to facilitate processes such as energy- and electron transfer) and to couple the porphyrin nanostructures to other nanoscale components (e.g., catalytic elements and conductors) to produce multifunctional nanoscale systems. This article summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of discrete self-assembled porphyrin nanostructures with well-defined shapes and sizes. A novel method for growing metal on the porphyrin nanostructures to produce nanocomposites with metal catalysts or interconnects is also described. Current and potential applications of these nanostructures and porphyrin-metal nanocomposites are discussed.
Closed form expressions for extending step delay and slew metrics to ramp inputs (2003)

Recent years have seen significant research in finding closed form expressions for the delay of an RC circuit that improves upon the Elmore delay model. However, several of these formulae assume a step excitation, leaving it to the reader to find a suitable extension to ramp inputs (we always assume a saturated ramp in this paper). The few works that do consider ramp inputs do not present a closed-form formula that works for a wide range of possible input slews. We propose the PERI (Probability distribution function Extension for Ramp Inputs) technique, that extends delay metrics for step inputs to the more general and realistic non-step inputs. Although there has been little work done in finding good slew - which is also referred as signal transition time - metrics, we also show how one can extend a slew metric for step inputs to the non-step case. We validate the efficacy of our approach through experimental results from several hundred RC dominated nets extracted from an industry ASIC design.