gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large fragment of the probasin promoter targets high levels of transgene expression to the prostate of transgenic mice (1997)

BACKGROUND Androgen regulation and prostatic-specific expression of targeted genes in transgenic mice can be controlled by a small DNA fragment of the probasin (PB) promoter (−426 +28 base pairs, bp). Although the small PB fragment was sufficient to direct prostate-specific expression, the low levels of transgene expression suggested that important upstream regulatory sequences were missing. METHODS To enhance transgene expression, a large fragment of the PB promoter (LPB, −11,500 to +28 bg) was isolated, linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, and microinjected into CD1 mouse oocytes to generate transgenic mouse lines. RESULTS As shown by the immunohistochemical studies, CAT gene expression was restricted to the prostatic epithelial cells in a tissue-specific manner. High levels of CAT gene expression were observed in two of the six LPB-CAT transgenic lines. In Line I, developmental regulation of LPB-CAT was detected early, from 1 to 4 weeks of age, with the activity of serum androgen levels (7 weeks of age), a further 18-fold rise in CAT activity occurred. Hormone ablation by castration in mature mice dramatically reduced transgene expression, whereas treatment with glucocorticoids had no signifant effect on CAT gene expression. Zinc treatment of the castrated animals also increased LPB-CAT expression three- to four-fold in two prostatic lobes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that important regulatory DNA sequences located in the LPB fragment contribute to tissue-specific and greatly increase levels of transgene expression induced by androgens and zinc. Prostate 32:129–139, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental and numerical analysis of high power Er:Yb co-doped fiber amplifiers (2017)

We have recently demonstrated an Er:Yb fiber amplifier pumped off-peak at 940 nm which achieved 50.5% slope efficiency compared to 40.2% slope efficiency when pumped on-peak at 976 nm, the typical pumping wavelength for Er:Yb fiber. To further understand these results we implemented a model that predicts the behavior of high power Er:Yb-co-doped fiber amplifiers with strong correlation to data. Through this modeling effort, we were able to estimate the forward and backward energy transfer coefficients for the Er:Yb silicophosphate fiber used. We also conducted a theoretical cutback experiment to find the optimal amplifier fiber length for each pump wavelength.
Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound system for assessment of scoliosis (2015)

Further studies are required to understand the variations that exist between the ultrasound and radiograph results with a larger number of volunteers, and to demonstrate its potential clinical applications for monitoring of scoliosis patients. Through further clinical trials and development, the reported 3-D ultrasound imaging system can potentially be used for scoliosis mass screening and frequent monitoring of progress and treatment outcome because of its radiation-free and easy accessibility feature.
Underwater navigation using an acoustic spiral wave front beacon (2013)

A spiral wave front beacon consists of an array of transducers which produce a signal whose phase depends on the azimuthal angle at which it is received and a reference signal with constant phase [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 3748 (2012)]. A vehicle can determine aspect to the beacon by comparing the phase of the two signals. Progress in the development of this navigation technique will be discussed including results from experiments at Dodge Pond in Connecticut where an unmanned surface vehicle determined its aspect to within 10° by receiving signals from the beacon. Also, tests of a new spiral beacon design [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 2506 (2011)] in laboratory and underwater environments will be presented. Underwater experiments are performed at the Navy’s Seneca Lake facility in upstate New York using an UUV to record signals. Overall, these results demonstrate that intrinsic phase shifts in the beacon can be handled by signal processing at the receiving vehicle and that the spiral navigation technique is robust in reverberant environments. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
An Accelerometer Based Instrumentation of the Golf Club: Measurement and\n Signal Analysis (2010)

Two accelerometers are used to measure the motion of the golf club. The\naccelerometers are mounted in the shaft of the golf club. Each measures the\nacceleration along the axis of the shaft of the golf club. Interpreting the\nmeasurement with the context of the double pendulum model of the golf swing, it\nis useful to resolve the resulting signals into differential and common mode\ncomponents. The differential mode is a measure of the rotational kinetic energy\nof the golf club, and this can be used to understand the tempo, rhythm, and\ntiming of the golf swing. The common mode measurement is related to the motion\nof the hands. It is shown that both components can be used to recover the\nmotion of the swing within the context of the double pendulum model of the golf\nswing.\n
Complete Genome Sequence of the Methanogenic Archaeon, <b> <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> </b> (1996)

The complete 1.66-megabase pair genome sequence of an autotrophic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, and its 58- and 16-kilobase pair extrachromosomal elements have been determined by whole-genome random sequencing. A total of 1738 predicted protein-coding genes were identified; however, only a minority of these (38 percent) could be assigned a putative cellular role with high confidence. Although the majority of genes related to energy production, cell division, and metabolism in M. jannaschii are most similar to those found in Bacteria, most of the genes involved in transcription, translation, and replication in M. jannaschii are more similar to those found in Eukaryotes.
Robust Cloth Warping via Multi-Scale Patch Adversarial Loss for Virtual Try-On Framework (2019)

With the rapid growth of online commerce, image-based virtual try-on systems for fitting new in-shop garments onto a person image presents an exciting opportunity to deliver interactive customer experience. Current state-of-the-art methods achieve this in a two-stage pipeline, where the first stage transforms the in-shop cloth into fitting the body shape of the target person and the second stage employs an image composition module to seamlessly integrate the transformed in-shop cloth onto the target person image. In the present work, we introduce a multi-scale patch adversarial loss for training the warping module of a state-of-the-art virtual try-on network. We show that the proposed loss produces robust transformation of clothes to fit the body shape while preserving texture details, which in turn improves image composition in the second stage. We perform extensive evaluations of the proposed loss on the try-on performance and show significant performance improvement over the existing state-of-the-art method.
Large-scale interactive water simulation with directional waves (2017)

Simulating large bodies of water in real time has been a research goal for a few decades. Existing procedural approaches like FFT-based simulations typically lack dynamic response like boundary-wave reflections or general body-fluid interactions like splashes or boat wakes. On the other side of the spectrum, existing dynamic Eulerian wave simulations suffer from high memory consumption required for adequate grid sizes in large scenes. Dynamic Lagrangian simulations like wave particles suffer from a potentially prohibitive particle count.
Chemical Nature of Wear Debris (1985)

Depending upon the mechanism of wear occurring within aircraft gas-turbine engines, different types of wear debris are expected to be produced in lubricating oils. A procedure was developed to identify the chemical nature of these wear species. The procedure involves filtration and solvent extraction techniques, followed by spectrometric analysis to separate and quantify the different chemical forms of the wear metal debris. The chemical form of some of the most critical wear species are identified as metallic, oxide, and metallo-organic species. The development and application of the procedure to identify and quantify the wear debris of Cu, Fe, and Mg in aircraft lubricating oils are discussed.
Development and Characterization of High Affinity Leptins and Leptin Antagonists (2010)

Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone acting both centrally and peripherally. It participates in a variety of biological processes, including energy metabolism, reproduction, and modulation of the immune response. So far, structural elements affecting leptin binding to its receptor remain unknown. We employed random mutagenesis of leptin, followed by selection of high affinity mutants by yeast surface display and discovered that replacing residue Asp-23 with a non-negatively charged amino acid leads to dramatically enhanced affinity of leptin for its soluble receptor. Rational mutagenesis of Asp-23 revealed the D23L substitution to be most effective. Coupling the Asp-23 mutation with alanine mutagenesis of three amino acids (L39A/D40A/F41A) previously reported to convert leptin into antagonist resulted in potent antagonistic activity. These novel superactive mouse and human leptin antagonists (D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A), termed SMLA and SHLA, respectively, exhibited over 60-fold increased binding to leptin receptor and 14-fold higher antagonistic activity in vitro relative to the L39A/D40A/F41A mutants. To prolong and enhance in vivo activity, SMLA and SHLA were monopegylated mainly at the N terminus. Administration of the pegylated SMLA to mice resulted in a remarkably rapid, significant, and reversible 27-fold more potent increase in body weight (as compared with pegylated mouse leptin antagonist), because of increased food consumption. Thus, recognition and mutagenesis of Asp-23 enabled construction of novel compounds that induce potent and reversible central and peripheral leptin deficiency. In addition to enhancing our understanding of leptin interactions with its receptor, these antagonists enable in vivo study of the role of leptin in metabolic and immune processes and hold potential for future therapeutic use in disease pathologies involving leptin.
The local anaesthetic activity of levobupivacaine does not differ from racemic bupivacaine (marcain): first clinical evidence (1997)

The local anaesthetic efficacy of levobupivacaine was compared with racemic bupivacaine (Marcain) in healthy male volunteers who were undergoing ulnar nerve blockade. Levobupivacaine, like racemic bupivacaine, produced blockade of nerve function with evidence of a dose response relationship for levobupivacaine. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to duration of sensory pain, sensory touch or motor block when the adjusted mean for the levobupivacaine groups (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%) were compared with the 0.25% racemic bupivacaine control group. It is concluded that levobupivacaine is an effective local anaesthetic in humans with a dose-related duration of effect. Its local anaesthetic effect did not differ from that of racemic bupivacaine.
Cooperative Relaying Schemes for Narrow-Band Frequency Hopping Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2011)

Cooperative relaying is a promising technique for improving the performance of weak communication links in wireless networks by exploiting spatial diversity induced by relay transmissions. This paper considers cooperative relaying schemes for a narrow- band frequency hopping system. A novel hybrid relaying scheme called opportunistic hybrid relaying, which is specifically designed for this system, is presented. Unlike most relaying schemes in the literature, opportunistic hybrid relaying uses bandwidth efficiently by allowing the relays to transmit in non-orthogonal channels without any considerable coordination overhead among the relays. A joint channel estimation and data detection scheme is considered to be used at the destination to combine relay signals. It is shown that this scheme compares favorably to similar relaying schemes in the literature in terms of average success rate.
Chromatic Aberration Correction Method by Considering Local Properties of the Image (2013)

본 논문은 영상 획득 장치에서 발생하는 색수차를 영상의 국부적 특성을 고려하여 보정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 색수차는 파장에 따른 렌즈의 회절률 차이로 인해 발생하며, 그 결과 영상의 강한 에지 영역에서 RGB 채널이 어긋나 색 결함이 생기게 된다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 이러한 색수차가 발생하는 특성을 이용하여 먼저 영상의 에지 영역과 그 주변부를 색수차가 발생 되는 영역으로 검출한다. 이 후, 검출된 에지 영역에서 RGB 채널의 에지를 일치시키는 방법을 이용하여 색수차를 제거한다. 그 결과 기존의 색수차 제거 방법으로 널리 사용되는 전역적인 영상 와핑 방법으로는 제거하지 못하는 축상 색수차와 이미징 센서로부터 발생하는 purple fringing 결함까지도 저감시킬 수 있다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 방법이 기존 방법에 비해 수치적인 면과 시각적인 면에서 뛰어난 결과를 보임을 확인할 수 있다.
Photopolymerizable nanogels as macromolecular precursors to covalently crosslinked water-based networks (2015)

We present a strategy for directly and efficiently polymerizing aqueous dispersions of reactive nanogels into covalently crosslinked polymer networks with properties that are determined by the initial chemical and physical nanogel structure. This technique can extend the range of achievable properties and architectures for networks formed in solution, particularly in water where monomer selection for direct polymerization and the final network properties are quite limited. Nanogels were initially obtained from a solution polymerization of a hydrophilic monomethacrylate and either a hydrophilic PEG-based dimethacrylate or a more hydrophobic urethane dimethacrylate, which produced globular particles with diameters of 10-15 nm with remarkably low polydispersity in some cases. Networks derived from a single type of nanogel or a blend of nanogels with different chemistries when dispersed in water gelled within minutes when exposed to low intensity UV light. Modifying the nanogel structure changes both covalent and non-covalent secondary interactions in the crosslinked networks and reveals critical design criteria for the development of networks from highly internally branched, nanoscale prepolymer precursors.
8×8 optoelectronic crossbar switch (1988)

An optoelectronic crossbar switch has been fabricated and tested at 100–175 Mbit/s. The optoelectronic switching is achieved using bias switched detectors.
Time-gated imaging through dense scatterers with a Raman amplifier (1993)

A time-gated Raman amplifier has been used to detect a bar chart hidden by a strongly scattering material. The time gating was provided by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG pump laser having a pulse duration of 30 ps. We have amplified and detected images with resolved structures smaller than 125 μm through suspensions of polystyrene spheres and nondairy creamer for light extinction factors of up to e33. The Raman amplifier system has been shown to produce images under conditions in which the scattering medium was sufficiently dense that an image could not be detected on either a streak camera or by integration on a sensitive, low-noise camera.
Superhydrophobic ceramic coatings enabled by phase-separated nanostructured composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–Cu<sub>2</sub>O thin films (2014)

By exploiting phase-separation in oxide materials, we present a simple and potentially low-cost approach to create exceptional superhydrophobicity in thin-film based coatings. By selecting the TiO2-Cu2O system and depositing through magnetron sputtering onto single crystal and metal templates, we demonstrate growth of nanostructured, chemically phase-segregated composite films. These coatings, after appropriate chemical surface modification, demonstrate a robust, non-wetting Cassie-Baxter state and yield an exceptional superhydrophobic performance, with water droplet contact angles reaching to ~172° and sliding angles <1°. As an added benefit, despite the photo-active nature of TiO2, the chemically coated composite film surfaces display UV stability and retain superhydrophobic attributes even after exposure to UV (275 nm) radiation for an extended period of time. The present approach could benefit a variety of outdoor applications of superhydrophobic coatings, especially for those where exposure to extreme atmospheric conditions is required.
Drug-induced regeneration in adult mice (2015)

Whereas amphibians regenerate lost appendages spontaneously, mammals generally form scars over the injury site through the process of wound repair. The MRL mouse strain is an exception among mammals because it shows a spontaneous regenerative healing trait and so can be used to investigate proregenerative interventions in mammals. We report that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central molecule in the process of regeneration in adult MRL mice. The degradation of HIF-1α protein, which occurs under normoxic conditions, is mediated by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). We used the drug 1,4-dihydrophenonthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid (1,4-DPCA), a PHD inhibitor, to stabilize constitutive expression of HIF-1α protein. A locally injectable hydrogel containing 1,4-DPCA was designed to achieve controlled delivery of the drug over 4 to 10 days. Subcutaneous injection of the 1,4-DPCA/hydrogel into Swiss Webster mice that do not show a regenerative phenotype increased stable expression of HIF-1α protein over 5 days, providing a functional measure of drug release in vivo. Multiple peripheral subcutaneous injections of the 1,4-DPCA/hydrogel over a 10-day period led to regenerative wound healing in Swiss Webster mice after ear hole punch injury. Increased expression of the HIF-1α protein may provide a starting point for future studies on regeneration in mammals.
Engineering of the Spinosyn PKS:  Directing Starter Unit Incorporation (2006)

The spinosyns are a family of potent and highly selective insect control agents that display a favorable environmental profile. As some regions of the spinosyn molecule are recalcitrant to chemical modification, a targeted genetic approach was carried out to generate new analogues. The polyketide synthase (PKS) loading modules from the avermectin PKS of Streptomyces avermitilis and the erythromcyin PKS of Saccharopolyspora erythraea were each used to replace the spinosyn PKS loading module. Both of the resulting strains containing hybrid PKS pathways produced the anticipated spinosyn analogues. Supplementation of the culture media with a range of exogenous carboxylic acids led to the successful incorporation of these novel elements to yield further novel spinosyn molecules, some of which demonstrated potent and new insecticidal activities. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that semisynthesis of such novel metabolites can then be used to generate active analogues, demonstrating the effectiveness of utilizing these complementary methods to search the chemical space around this template.
<title>Microwave assay for detecting protein conformation in solution</title> (2002)

We announce a new technique for the detection of changes in the conformation of small globular proteins in solution. We employ a coaxial-fed slot antenna with resonant frequencies in the 2-5 GHz range. This antenna detects changes in the dielectric properties of water. All proteins are surrounded by one or more shells of bound water. The dielectric properties of this 'bound' water are distinguishable from those of bulk water. As a protein changes it conformation, complementary changes occur in the three-dimensional arrangement of the 'bound' water. Thus, water can be used as a reporter for changes in protein conformation. Our technique has two advantages over conventional methods for microwave spectroscopy. First, unlike time-domain dielectric spectroscopy, data is measured in the frequency domain, so that time-to-frequency conversions are not necessary. Second, slot antennas may be affixed to the exterior of conventional fused-quartz cuvettes, so that simultane-ous measurements can be obtained using the antenna and conventional optical methods such as UV/VIS spectroscopy. When the unfolding of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) is monitored at microwave frequencies, peak shifts in the antenna's resonant frequencies reflect changes in the protein's conformation. These peak shifts are sigmoidal with respect to temperature, and fit well to a two-state reversible unfolding model. Such sigmoidal peak shifts are not present when non-protein solutions are heated.
Fabrication and characterization of nano-crystalline diamond films (1993)

Highly uniform, smooth nano-crystalline diamond films have been fabricated with a magneto-active microwave CVD system. Top and bottom magnet currents were 145A and 60A, while microwave power and substrate temperature were controlled at 1500W and 850{degrees}C during deposition. Total processing pressure was regulated at 40 Pa (300 mTorr), with gas flow rates of 30 sccm of hydrogen, 2.4 sccm of methane and 1 sccm of oxygen. Diamond films obtained under the above conditions have grain sizes between 0.1--0.3 {mu}m, a growth rate of 0.1{mu}m/hr and a mean roughness of 14.95 nm. Characterization techniques have involved XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and TEM. Both X-ray and electron diffraction patterns show no evidence of non-diamond phases. Although a high density of twins and stacking faults were revealed by HREM, compact diamond grains and clean intergranular boundaries (no graphitic or amorphous phases) were observed.
Optimization of Brain Mobile Interface Applications Using IoT (2016)

Pervasive Brain Mobile Interfaces (BMoI) can be made more accurate and time efficient when knowledge from other sensors and computation power from available devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure are utilized. This paper takes the example of Neuro-Movie (nMovie), an interactive movie application that blurs movie scenes based on mental state, to illustrate and analyze optimization opportunities when BMoI is interfaced with IoT. The three way trade-off between accuracy, real-time operation, and energy efficiency can be optimized through usage of physiological responses from IoT sensors and prediction algorithms. Latency and power models of BMoI are developed for thorough analysis of the trade-offs. Experiments on 10 volunteers show that: a) utilizing electrocardiogram responses to psychological stimulus increases the accuracy of mental state recognition by almost 10%, b) predictive models cover computation and communication latencies in the system to satisfy real-time requirements, and c) use of predictive models allows duty cycling of smartphone WiFi that potentially saves upto 71.6% communication energy.
Two dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) based nanocomposites as anodes for high temperature rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (2020)

With lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries as energy storage devices, operational safety from thermal runaway remains a major obstacle especially for applications in harsh environments such as in the oil industry. In this approach, a facile method via microwave irradiation technique (MWI) was followed to prepare Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanocomposites as anodes for high temperature li-ion batteries. Results showed that the addition of h-BN not only enhanced the thermal stability of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/RGO nanocomposites but also enhanced the specific surface area. Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/RGO/h-BN nanocomposites displayed the highest specific surface area of 191 m<sup>2</sup>/g evidencing the synergistic effects between RGO and h-BN. Moreover, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/RGO/h-BN also displayed the highest specific capacity with stable reversibility on the high performance after 100 cycles and lower internal resistance. Interestingly, this novel nanocomposite exhibits outstanding high temperature performances with excellent cycling stability (100% capacity retention) and a decreased internal resistance at 150 °C.