gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid over alkali and alkaline-earth metal co-modified NaY zeolites (2017)

A high AA selectivity of 84% was achieved through an environmentally friendly and sustainable catalytic process.
Esmya<sup>®</sup> and the PEARL studies: A review (2016)

Ulipristal acetate was investigated in four phase 3 trials. In PEARL I, ulipristal produced significant normalisation of blood loss within 1 week and decreased fibroid volume. In PEARL II, ulipristal produced faster and more consistent control of bleeding than leuprorelin acetate and had a more favourable side-effect profile. Ulipristal-induced decreases in fibroid volume persisted for 6 months, whereas fibroids regrew after leuprorelin was stopped. PEARL III showed that ulipristal was effective during long-term treatment, with norethisterone further reducing the magnitude of bleeding in the off-treatment period. PEARL IV investigated ulipristal over four cycles, finding little difference between 5 and 10 mg ulipristal, further changes in menstruation and fibroid volume with repeat courses, and no increase in side effects.
Toward indium‐free optoelectronic devices: Dielectric/metal/dielectric alternative transparent conductive electrode in organic photovoltaic cells (2013)

Depending on their resistivity and their transmittance, the thin films of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) are widely used in optoelectronic devices. In 2 O 3 :Sn (ITO) is the most widely used TCO in optoelectronic devices. As indium is scarce and ITO is limited in flexibility due to its ceramic structure, many studies have been dedicated to new transparent conductive electrodes. This review article presents the state‐of‐the‐art concerning the dielectric/metal/dielectric structures and their application as transparent electrodes in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs). First, TCO/Ag/TCO structures were created to achieve higher conductivity than ITO films. Then others dielectrics have been used such as transition‐metal oxides (WO 3 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , etc.), ZnS, etc. Such structures exhibit excellent flexibility, high conductivity, and good transparency. They can be deposited onto substrates at room temperature by simple evaporation under vacuum. Moreover, it is possible to manage the anode work function through the choice of the dielectric, which can allow them to be used as cathodes or anodes and as intermediate electrodes in tandem solar cells. The properties of the dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) structures depend on the thickness of the different layers. The threshold thickness value of the metal film is usually around 10 nm, where the structures change from an insulating state to a highly conductive state. This is attributed to the percolation of conducting metal paths. The transmittance of the films increases when the metal thickness increases up to the percolation thickness, while further increase induces a decrease in transmittance. Finally, the nature and the thickness of the dielectric layers can be chosen as a function of the device properties requested, which is illustrated through different examples of OPVCs.
Cohesin-mediated interactions organize chromosomal domain architecture (2013)

To ensure proper gene regulation within constrained nuclear space, chromosomes facilitate access to transcribed regions, while compactly packaging all other information. Recent studies revealed that chromosomes are organized into megabase-scale domains that demarcate active and inactive genetic elements, suggesting that compartmentalization is important for genome function. Here, we show that very specific long-range interactions are anchored by cohesin/CTCF sites, but not cohesin-only or CTCF-only sites, to form a hierarchy of chromosomal loops. These loops demarcate topological domains and form intricate internal structures within them. Post-mitotic nuclei deficient for functional cohesin exhibit global architectural changes associated with loss of cohesin/CTCF contacts and relaxation of topological domains. Transcriptional analysis shows that this cohesin-dependent perturbation of domain organization leads to widespread gene deregulation of both cohesin-bound and non-bound genes. Our data thereby support a role for cohesin in the global organization of domain structure and suggest that domains function to stabilize the transcriptional programmes within them.
Anticancer actions of PPARγ ligands: Current state and future perspectives in human lung cancer (2010)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Of the three PPARs identified to date (PPARγ, PPARβ/δ, and PPARα), PPARγ has been studied the most, in part because of the availability of PPARγ agonists (also known as PPARγ ligands) and its significant effects on the management of several human diseases including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancers. PPARγ is expressed in many tumors including lung cancer, and its function has been linked to the process of lung cancer development, progression and metastasis. Studies performed in gynogenic and xenograft models of lung cancer showed decreased tumor growth and metastasis in animals treated with PPARγ ligands. Furthermore, data are emerging from retrospective clinical studies that suggest a protective role for PPARγ ligands on the incidence of lung cancer. This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area and focuses on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic effects of PPARγ ligands as a novel anti-lung cancer treatment strategy.
Characterization of PFM3, a 32×32 readout chip for PixFEL X-ray imager (2019)

In the framework of the PixFEL project, a readout chip for pixel sensors has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The PixFEL detector is intended for application to coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) at the next generation free electron lasers (FELs). This paper will present a characterization of PFM3's signal chain first stage. Characterization data has been collected from the charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) stage, implementing a dynamic compression of the input signal. Measurements demonstrating the validity of the dynamic compression feature for various gain settings (1 keV, 2keV and 3keV) and temperatures -40 °C to 70 °C are shown.
Counting Mammalian Spermatozoa in Biological Fluids Containing Particulate Matter (1985)

Accurate counting of spermatozoa in biological fluids by particle counters requires elimination of competing background. This was accomplished by dissolving cell organelles and other lipid and proteinaceous material with sodium dodecyl sulfate to leave the sperm nucleus. Progress of selective dissolution of interfering background versus sperm nuclei was monitored by phase contrast microscopy. Rabbit semen was diluted in 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (wt/vol) and then 1:1 (vol/vol) with .5 M sodium hydroxide. Suspensions were incubated, diluted 1:200 in .1 M sodium citrate-.1% Triton-X, and counted after 5, 10, and 20 min with a Coulter Counter. All treatment times resulted in similar mean counts, ranging from 367 to 369 X 10(6) sperm/ml. These means were slightly higher than the 350 X 10(6) sperm/ml for hemocytometer counts, but the correlation with hemocytometer counts was r greater than or equal to .98. Bull semen was diluted in either 1) citrate-Triton-X, 2) .25 M Tris-20% egg yolk, or 3) heated whole milk and further treated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate and .5 M sodium hydroxide. After 15 min, treated samples were diluted 1:200 in citrate-Triton-X and counted. Following treatment, estimated sperm concentration in the three diluents was not different from that of untreated sperm in citrate-Triton-X. The procedure was successfully applied to bull sperm diluted in milk and packaged in .5-ml French straws used routinely for artificial insemination.
Crystal structure of Enpp1, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in bone mineralization and insulin signaling (2012)

Enpp1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that regulates bone mineralization by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotide triphosphates to produce pyrophosphate. Enpp1 dysfunction causes human diseases characterized by ectopic calcification. Enpp1 also inhibits insulin signaling, and an Enpp1 polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance. However, the precise mechanism by which Enpp1 functions in these cellular processes remains elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of the extracellular region of mouse Enpp1 in complex with four different nucleotide monophosphates, at resolutions of 2.7-3.2 Å. The nucleotides are accommodated in a pocket formed by an insertion loop in the catalytic domain, explaining the preference of Enpp1 for an ATP substrate. Structural mapping of disease-associated mutations indicated the functional importance of the interdomain interactions. A structural comparison of Enpp1 with Enpp2, a lysophospholipase D, revealed marked differences in the domain arrangements and active-site architectures. Notably, the Enpp1 mutant lacking the insertion loop lost the nucleotide-hydrolyzing activity but instead gained the lysophospholipid-hydrolyzing activity of Enpp2. Our findings provide structural insights into how the Enpp family proteins evolved to exert their diverse cellular functions.
FOUR-PARTY PASSWORD-BASED (2011)

ACTA Press publishes numerous proceedings like technical publications, scientific publications for power and energy systems and research papers for international conferences in the general areas of engineering and computer science.
A rate control scheme for H.264 video transmission (2005)

In some video applications, a variable bit rate (VBR) video bitstream will be transmitted over a constant bit rate (CBR) transmission channel, in which a channel buffer is employed. In this study, a rate control scheme for H.264 video transmission is proposed. The target number of bits for each video frame is first obtained. Three rate-quantization (R-Q) models are proposed to approximate the relationship between the number of coding bits for a video frame, B, and the quantization step size, Q, in the frame layer. The best model is selected to determine the candidate QP for the current video frame. After the coding complexity of each macroblock (MB) is estimated by using the candidate QP, the Lagrange multiplier is used to optimally select the N quantization step sizes {Q/sub mb,1/,Q/sub mb,2/,...,Q/sub mb,N/} for the N MB (macroblocks) in a video frame to minimize the distortion, subject to the given bit budget constraint. Based on the simulation results obtained in this study, the proposed approach can meet the target bit rate more accurately, keep a larger average frame rate, and higher PSNR values than the two quadratic approaches for comparison.
Analog subthreshold VLSI implementation of a neuromorphic model of the visual cortex for pre-attentive vision (2002)

This paper describes the architecture of a functional model of the visual cortex for preattentive vision suitable for an analog VLSI hardware implementation. To demonstrate the VLSI implementability of the system, description and simulation results of analog subthreshold-circuital blocks that implement the model functional operators are provided. Moreover computer simulations of the analog VLSI architecture are carried out to verify it's robustness to noise and to the effects of parameter variability that affect the subthreshold fabrication process.
Olanzapine pamoate: a stick in time? (2008)

Olanzapine pamoate, a long-acting depot preparation of olanzapine, is being evaluated by regulatory agencies for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical trial information was accessed by on-line query of http://www.pubmed.gov, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov and http://www.fda.gov, along with an examination of poster presentations at scientific meetings held in 2008. Two double-blind randomised clinical trials of olanzapine pamoate were conducted and demonstrate efficacy for both the acute treatment of schizophrenia and for the maintenance of antipsychotic response. Long-term open-label studies provide additional information on safety. The overall tolerability profile for olanzapine pamoate is similar to that for the oral formulation; however, with the depot there is a risk of a postinjection delirium sedation syndrome which resembles an overdose of oral olanzapine and which occurs in 0.07% of injections, requiring patients to be observed for 3 h after injection. At present, there are no studies available that directly compare olanzapine pamoate with other antipsychotics other than oral olanzapine.
The Reinforcing Effect of Rubber Modification with Nitroso Derivatives (1985)

Abstract The use of nitroso derivatives in rubber compounds leads to a reinforcing effect with important practical implications. The mechanism of action of these promoters is explained on the basis of the theory according to which the reinforcing effect is due to the strain-crystallization process. This process is dependent on various factors, one of them being the presence of a network based on weak “rubber…carbon black” bonds. The properties of crude and cured blends on natural rubber, polyisoprene, and modified polyisoprene are compared. When nitroso derivatives are used, the active sites on the polymer chain are probably the nitroxyl radicals formed during the modification process. According to the mechanism proposed by the authors in previous papers, the formation of nitroxyl radicals is accompanied by changes of macromolecular characteristics which permit us to explain the reinforcement as well as the modification of viscoelastic and physical-mechanical properties of crude and cured compounds. On the basis of assumptions made on the whole set of reactions regaxding both polymer modification with nitroso derivatives and that of rubber compounds, one can explain not only some of the properties but also the conditions in which modification should be made in order to obtain an optimal reinforcing effect.
Oxidative stress and metal content in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with and without a Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase mutation (2005)

Hydroxyl radical, ascorbate free radical, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, Cu,Zn-SOD protein, Mn-SOD protein, 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and metals were compared in red blood cells (RBC), plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS), familial ALS (FALS) showing the Leu126Ser mutation in the Cu, Zn-SOD gene and controls. In patients with FALS or SALS, concentrations of hydroxyl radical in blood and ascorbate free radical and 8-OHdG in CSF were higher than control group values, while SOD activities in RBC and CSF were lower. In contrast, Cu, Zn-SOD protein concentrations in RBC were low only in FALS patients. Concentrations of Cu in CSF of SALS patients were higher than in controls. Thus, the pathogenesis of increased oxidative stress differs between SALS patients and FALS patients with a mutant Leu126Ser SOD1 gene.
FERMENTATION OF RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TO ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL (2002)

FERMENTATION OF RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TO ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVALBiological phosphorus removal (BPR) activated sludge systems are configured to create conditions favorable for the growth of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). The generation of a sufficient quantity of PAOs is also contingent on the presence of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the anaerobic zone - the greater the amount of VFAs, the more the PAO growth (and the higher the BPR efficiency). In...Author(s)B. NarayananH.O. BuhrR. ChanJ. DemirR. GrayD. HowellS. JonesS. ShumakerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 44 - Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes Symposium: Biological Phosphorus RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:13L.256;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784162912Volume / Issue2002 / 13Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)256 - 262Copyright2002Word count265
Uses of near-field hydrophone measurements for shallow-water imaging and demultiple (2016)

Near-field hydrophone (NFH) sensors record pressure data from locations in close proximity to air gun sources in a marine seismic survey. In a shallow-water environment, high-resolution pre-critical reflection data can be estimated from NFH data to improve estimates of the near surface and to create shallow earth model parameter maps. Moreover, NFH data provide some of the small-offset small-traveltime data missing from streamer data that are needed for demultiple. Improved estimates of missing near-offset data can be estimated and used to greatly improve multiple prediction capabilities. These NFH data can be combined with streamer data to improve traditional seismic processing methods for de-multiple, wavelet processing and de-bubble. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 4:35:00 PM Location: 163/165 Presentation Type: ORAL
BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC1937 human breast cancer cells (2003)

Germline mutations of the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 are involved in the predisposition and development of breast cancer and account for 20-45% of all hereditary cases. There is an increasing evidence that these tumours are characterised by a specific phenotype and pattern of gene expression. We have hypothesised that differences in chemosensitivity might parallel molecular heterogeneity of hereditary and sporadic breast tumours. To this end, we have investigated the chemosensitivity of the BRCA1-defective HCC1937 breast cancer cell line, and the BRCA1-competent MCF-7 (hormone-sensitive) and MDA-MB231 (hormone-insensitive) breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for the individual compounds were derived by interpolate plot analysis of the logarithmic scalar concentration curve after a 48 h exposure. HCC1937 cells were significantly (P<0.005) more sensitive to cisplatin (CDDP) (IC(50) : 30-40 microM) compared with MCF-7 (IC(50) : 60-70 microM) and MDA-MB231 (IC(50) : 90-100 microM) cells. On the other hand, BRCA1-defective breast cancer cells were significantly less sensitive to doxorubicin (Dox) (IC(50) : 45-50 microM) compared with MCF-7 (IC(50) : 1-5 microM) and MDA-MB231 (IC(50) : 5-10 microM) (P<0.02), as well as to paclitaxel (Tax) (IC(50) : >2 microM for HCC1937, 0.1-0.2 microM for MCF-7 and 0.01-0.02 microM for MDA-MB231) (P<0.001). Full-length BRCA1 cDNA transfection of BRCA1-defective HCC1937 cells led to the reconstituted expression of BRCA1 protein in HCC1937/(WT)BRCA1-derived cell clone, but did not reduce tumour cell growth in soft agar. BRCA1 reconstitution reverted the hypersensitivity to CDDP (P<0.02), and restored the sensitivity to Dox (P<0.05) and Tax (P<0.001), compared with parental HCC1937 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a specific chemosensitivity profile of BRCA1-defective cells in vitro, which is dependent on BRCA1 protein expression, and suggest prospective preclinical and clinical investigation for the development of tailored therapeutical approaches in this setting.
Scale-up vs scale-out for Hadoop (2013)

In the last decade we have seen a huge deployment of cheap clusters to run data analytics workloads. The conventional wisdom in industry and academia is that scaling out using a cluster of commodity machines is better for these workloads than scaling up by adding more resources to a single server. Popular analytics infrastructures such as Hadoop are aimed at such a cluster scale-out environment.
How Much Do We Gain by Gain Control in Hearing Aids? (1990)

This paper considers three rationales for the use of automatic gain control (AGC) in hearing aids, and particularly multi-channel AGC. One rationale is to restore loudness relations among the acoustical elements of speech to what they would be for a normal ear. At present, there seems to be little evidence to support the idea that such loudness relations are critical for speech intelligibility. A second rationale is to reduce the effects of narrowband interfering sounds. This may be applicable in some restricted situations, but not in many others. The third rationale, the one considered here to be most important, is to ensure that all of the important elements in speech are comfortably audible. This can be achieved using two forms of AGC: slow-acting AGC operating on the whole speech signal, to compensate for variations in overall sound level from one situation to another; and fast-acting (syllabic) compression acting independently in a number of bands, to compensate for differences in level of acoustical elements within speech. To reduce spectral and temporal distortions introduced by the syllabic compression, the number of bands should be small (probably two or three) and the amount of compression should be the minimum required to ensure that all of the important elements in speech are audible. It is concluded that gain control can be useful for increasing user comfort and for ensuring the audibility of speech sounds. It is not likely to restore impaired hearing to normal for most patients, but may usefully be employed in conjunction with other forms of signal processing.
Fully automatic acute ischemic lesion segmentation in DWI using convolutional neural networks (2017)

Stroke is an acute cerebral vascular disease, which is likely to cause long-term disabilities and death. Acute ischemic lesions occur in most stroke patients. These lesions are treatable under accurate diagnosis and treatments. Although diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is sensitive to these lesions, localizing and quantifying them manually is costly and challenging for clinicians. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to automatically segment stroke lesions in DWI. Our framework consists of two convolutional neural networks (CNNs): one is an ensemble of two DeconvNets (Noh et al., 2015), which is the EDD Net; the second CNN is the multi-scale convolutional label evaluation net (MUSCLE Net), which aims to evaluate the lesions detected by the EDD Net in order to remove potential false positives. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to solve this problem and using both CNNs achieves very good results. Furthermore, we study the network architectures and key configurations in detail to ensure the best performance. It is validated on a large dataset comprising clinical acquired DW images from 741 subjects. A mean accuracy of Dice coefficient obtained is 0.67 in total. The mean Dice scores based on subjects with only small and large lesions are 0.61 and 0.83, respectively. The lesion detection rate achieved is 0.94.
State of the art: implantable ventricular assist devices (2009)

An overview of recent developments in mechanical circulatory support is presented.
STING-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction contributes to lethal sepsis (2019)

Our results indicate that the STING signaling pathway can contribute to lethal sepsis by promoting IEC apoptosis and through disrupting the intestinal barrier. Our findings suggest that regulation of the mtDNA-STING pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to promote mucosal healing and protect the intestinal barrier in septic patients. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Investigation of Transient Sublimator Performance (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Sublimators have been used for heat rejection in a variety of space applications including the Apollo Lunar Module and the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). Sublimators typically operate with steady-state feedwater utilization at or near 100%. However, sublimators are currently being considered to operate in a cyclical topping mode during low lunar orbit for Altair and possibly Orion, which represents a new mode of operation. This paper will investigate the feedwater utilization when a sublimator is used in this nontraditional manner. This paper includes testing efforts to date to investigate the Orbit-Averaged Feedwater Utilization (OAFU) for a sublimator.</div>