gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2515: Synthesis of substituted chromone-2-phenylcarboxamides as anti-breast cancer agents (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and causes the second leading cancer deaths in women. The overall survival rate of breast cancer patients has substantially increased during the last decades due to early tumor detection. Unfortunately, the recovery rate of advanced breast cancer by current available drug treatment is still unacceptably low. Although chemotherapy is the main stay of cancer treatment at present, most of the drugs cause general toxicity to any proliferating cells and tend to severely limit the therapeutic values of these drugs. In an attempt to overcome these problems, the synthesis of new anti-breast cancer agents with unique mechanisms of action was developed. Chromones are benzannulated oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds widely distributed in nature that have a -pyrone ring. The chemical core of chromone has been classifies as a privileged structures in drug discovery, due to its uses in a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds such as anti cancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Based on these considerations, we attempted the synthesis of novel substituted chromone-2-phenylcarboxamides as anti-breast cancer agents. The starting material chromones-2-carboxylic acid was obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of ethyl esters with the mixture of glacial acetic acid and concentrated HCl (2:1v/v) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h. The acids were obtained in 70-80% yields. A suspension of substituted chromone-2-carboxylic acid in DMF was added to substituted anilines, in the presence of diphenylphosphorylazide and triethylamine. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h, which furnished the target compounds i.e., substituted chromone-2-phenylcarboxamides. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 ER+ve breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 ER-ve breast cancer cell lines and Ishikawa cells using the CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxamide showed the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 values of 29.5 and 25.7 µM on MCF-7 and Ishikawa cell lines, respectively. This research was supported by National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number 8 G12MD007582-28. Citation Format: Kinfe Ken Redda, Madhavi Gangapuram, Mohammad A. Ghaffari, Suresh Eyunni. Synthesis of substituted chromone-2-phenylcarboxamides as anti-breast cancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2515. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2515
A Simple Relationship for High Efficiency–Gradient Uniformity Tradeoff in Multilayer Asymmetric Gradient Coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2007)

High-quality gradient coils are pivotal to advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have studied the influence of coil dimensions and target requirements in multilayer, asymmetric, transverse gradient coils. We developed a simple linear function that defines the optimal coil length to produce a maximum figure of merit given an imaging region size and location, coil radius, and gradient nonuniformity. Our method, based on the linear function, yields high-quality solutions. The method introduces two torque/force minimization strategies in order to obtain asymmetric transverse gradient coils that balance minimum torque with a maximum figure of merit. High-performance head, asymmetric gradient coils with simple current patterns and minimum torque can be tailored to a specific magnet design, as we illustrate
Crystallization kinetics of rapid spray plasma processed multiple cation perovskites in open air (2019)

Wide angle X-ray scattering of perovskite conversion in ∼100 ms using rapid spray plasma process.
Hard bubble analog multiplier (1977)

Analog multiplication of alternating currents is possible if the diameter of a moving bubble can be modulated independently of the driving field gradient. This independence can be approximated in the case of a hard bubble restricted such that the net motion is perpendicular to the gradient. In this case, the drive does not contribute to the net bias field. The restricting channel can be formed by garnet film edges. Experiments with Y-Eu garnet films and computer simulation allowed the authors to determine basic characteristics of a hard bubble multiplier device. The lowest frequency of operation is determined by the hard bubble coercivity. For presently available garnet materials, that lower limit is of the order of 1 kHz.
Electro-optical switching of volume holographic gratings recorded in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2002)

In this paper, we describe a novel liquid crystal-polymer composite material system which allows fast, single-step recording of volume holograms with diffraction efficiency approaching 100% and narrow angular selectivity. The diffraction efficiencies (DE) are controllable by applied electric fields. We have achieved complete switching of a first-order Bragg diffracted beam into the zero-order with an applied field of /spl sim/8 V//spl mu/m and 50-100 microsecond response time. Addition of a surfactant octanoic acid lowered the switching voltage to /spl sim/5 V//spl mu/m. We also recorded reflection gratings in this material system. We have demonstrated image storage and electro-optical readout with these materials. Low voltage, high resolution scanning electron microscopy studies have confirmed that gratings formed in this material system consist of periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal planes.
Induction of allergen-specific IgE and IgG responses by anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1989)

In order to explore idiotypic, anti-idiotypic, and anti-anti-idiotypic responses to allergens, BALB/c mice were immunized with affinity-purified human idiotypic antibodies directed against a highly purified shrimp allergen. This resulted in the production of anti-idiotypic antibodies which were quantitated by using rabbit idiotypic antibodies raised against the same purified allergen. The mouse anti-idiotypic antibodies recognized shrimp-specific human idiotypic antibodies of the IgE isotype from 18 of 20 individuals, and IgG antibodies from 14 of 20 shrimp-sensitive patients. Immunization of BALB/c mice with affinity-purified, allergen-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies induced anti-allergen IgE and IgG responses in the absence of the allergen. This paper thus presents evidence that anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against allergen-specific idiotypic antibodies may substitute for the original allergen in the induction of allergen-specific idiotypic antibodies. The demonstration of shared idiotopes on IgG and IgE antibodies in the sera of shrimp-sensitive patients supports the use of allergen-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies as surrogate allergens.
The origin of the high diode-ideality factors in GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (2009)

We report on a significant decrease in the diode-ideality factor of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs), from 5.5 to 2.4, as Si-doping is applied to an increasing number of quantum barriers (QBs). The minimum ideality factor of 2.4 is obtained when all QBs are doped. It is shown that polarization-induced triangular band profiles of the undoped QBs are the major cause of the high ideality factors in GaInN/GaN LEDs. Numerical simulations show excellent agreement with the measured ideality factor value and its dependence on QB doping.
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier Integrated HID Ballast Circuit With Dimming Control for Automotive Application (2009)

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are becoming popular substitutes for halogen lamps in automotive headlamps because of the high lumen/watt ratio and the color of the light. In this paper, a ballast (integrated with a voltage multiplier circuit in the secondary winding of the dc converter transformer) with dimming control is presented. The proposed circuit not only eliminates one auxiliary winding but also reduces the voltage across the switch on the primary side and consequently permits the selection of switches with a lower rating. A brief review of the HID circuits is done and compared with the proposed circuit. Experimental results from the prototype are presented. This paper also presents different methods of dimming the automotive HID lamps based on analog and digital control and discusses the relative merits of each of the methods. The dimming control is implemented using both the methods, and experimental results are presented. It is envisaged that the dimming control will provide some flexibility to drivers in the control of HID lamps to suit the driving conditions in the modern cities that are very well lit at night. This paper investigates the merits of each method and discusses the practical issues for implementing such controls.
Patatin-Related Phospholipase pPLAIIIδ Increases Seed Oil Content with Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Arabidopsis    (2013)

The release of fatty acids from membrane lipids has been implicated in various metabolic and physiological processes, but in many cases, the enzymes involved and their functions in plants remain unclear. Patatin-related phospholipase As (pPLAs) constitute a major family of acyl-hydrolyzing enzymes in plants. Here, we show that pPLAIIIδ promotes the production of triacylglycerols with 20- and 22-carbon fatty acids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Of the four pPLAIIIs (α, β, γ, δ), only pPLAIIIδ gene knockout results in a decrease in seed oil content, and pPLAIIIδ is most highly expressed in developing embryos. The overexpression of pPLAIIIδ increases the content of triacylglycerol and 20- and 22-carbon fatty acids in seeds with a corresponding decrease in 18-carbon fatty acids. Several genes in the glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways are up-regulated in pPLAIIIδ-overexpressing siliques. pPLAIIIδ hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and also acyl-coenzyme A to release fatty acids. pPLAIIIδ-overexpressing plants have a lower level, whereas pPLAIIIδ knockout plants have a higher level, of acyl-coenzyme A than the wild type. Whereas seed yield decreases in transgenic plants that ubiquitously overexpress pPLAIIIδ, seed-specific overexpression of pPLAIIIδ increases seed oil content without any detrimental effect on overall seed yield. These results indicate that pPLAIIIδ-mediated phospholipid turnover plays a role in fatty acid remodeling and glycerolipid production.
Optical double-balanced quadrature mixer with applications to light-beating spectroscopy and photon counting (1987)

A doubly balanced optical quadrature mixer is proposed for use in light-beating spectroscopy. The technique allows one to examine asymmetric optical spectra. The ratio of the antisymmetric to symmetric spectral densities can be found directly. The use of the device in the photon-counting regime is also discussed. The instrument has direct applicability in the measurement of the dynamical properties of hydrodynamic systems out of equilibrium.
Lithographic approach to pattern multiple nanoparticle thin films prepared by Layer-by-Layer self-assembly for microsystems (2004)

We report a lithographic approach to pattern multiple types of Layer-by-Layer self-assembled nanoparticle thin films. 150 nm and 64 nm polystyrene particles are separated in desired patterns with a feature size 5 to 20 microns. The process is quite simple, consisting of only two consecutive lift-offs, and there is no high requirement for the equipments. This method can be applied to various types of nanoparticles. Since it is based on the conventional lithographic technique, it provides a simple, reliable, and cheap method for complex microsystem fabrication which is composed mainly of functional nanoparticles for the applications to sensing and actuation in micro/nano scale.
Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones by Polymethylhydrosiloxane in the Presence of Chiral Zinc Catalysts (1999)

Enantioselective reduction of ketones, particularly acetophenones, by polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) to the corresponding secondary alcohols can be achieved with high yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee's) up to 88% in the presence of chiral zinc catalysts (eq 1). Two catalytic systems have been developed giving similar ee's: (i) System A: ZnEt2 + chiral diimine or diamine 1−10. (ii) System B: Zn(carboxylate)2 + chiral diamine activated by Vitride. System B is inexpensive, stable, and ready to use in toluene, providing either (R) or (S) chiral secondary alcohols with 70−80% ee in the presence of (S,S)- or (R,R)-N,N‘-ethylenebis(1-phenylethylamine) (ebpe, 6). The reduction has been carried out at the 1 kg scale without scale-up problems. The ligand is cheap and is recovered at the end of reaction by simple distillation from residues of the organic phase. Both precursors ZnMe2·(S,S)-ebpe (A) and Zn(dea)2·(S,S)-ebpe (B) for systems A and B, respectively, have been isolated and characterized by X-ray structure and exhibit the same catalytic properties and the same ee's for the reduction of acetophenone as the in situ prepared catalytic system. The complex ZnEt2·(S,S)-ebpe) (A‘) reacts with benzaldehyde to give the seven-membered ring dimer complex La in which benzaldehyde inserts into the Zn−N bond of complex A‘. Acetophenone also reacts with A‘ to give a similar seven-membered ring dimer complex Lb. Both La and Lb are catalysts for the enantioselective reduction of acetophenone by PMHS and gave activities and ee's similar to those of A‘. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of this new economical method are discussed in this paper.
Lensless Fluorescent Microscopy on a Chip (2011)

On-chip lensless imaging in general aims to replace bulky lens-based optical microscopes with simpler and more compact designs, especially for high-throughput screening applications. This emerging technology platform has the potential to eliminate the need for bulky and/or costly optical components through the help of novel theories and digital reconstruction algorithms. Along the same lines, here we demonstrate an on-chip fluorescent microscopy modality that can achieve e.g., <4 μm spatial resolution over an ultra-wide field-of-view (FOV) of >0.6-8 cm(2) without the use of any lenses, mechanical-scanning or thin-film based interference filters. In this technique, fluorescent excitation is achieved through a prism or hemispherical-glass interface illuminated by an incoherent source. After interacting with the entire object volume, this excitation light is rejected by total-internal-reflection (TIR) process that is occurring at the bottom of the sample micro-fluidic chip. The fluorescent emission from the excited objects is then collected by a fiber-optic faceplate or a taper and is delivered to an optoelectronic sensor array such as a charge-coupled-device (CCD). By using a compressive-sampling based decoding algorithm, the acquired lensfree raw fluorescent images of the sample can be rapidly processed to yield e.g., <4 μm resolution over an FOV of >0.6-8 cm(2). Moreover, vertically stacked micro-channels that are separated by e.g., 50-100 μm can also be successfully imaged using the same lensfree on-chip microscopy platform, which further increases the overall throughput of this modality. This compact on-chip fluorescent imaging platform, with a rapid compressive decoder behind it, could be rather valuable for high-throughput cytometry, rare-cell research and microarray-analysis.
The construction and partial characterization of plasmids containing complementary DNA sequences to human calcitonin precursor polyprotein (1981)

(1) Total poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from human thyroid medullary carcinoma tissue was shown to direct the synthesis in the wheat germ cell-free system of a major (Mr 21000) and several minor forms of human calcitonin precursor polyproteins. Evidence for processing of these precursor(s) by the wheat germ cell-free system is also presented. (2) A small complementary DNA (cDNA) plasmid library has been constructed in the PstI site of the plasmid pAT153, using total human thyroid medullary carcinoma poly(A)-containing RNA as the starting material. (3) Plasmids containing abundant cDNA sequences were selected by hybridization in situ, and two of these (ph T-B3 and phT-B6) were characterized by hybridization--translation and restriction analysis. Each was shown to contain human calcitonin precursor polyprotein cDNA sequences. (4) RNA blotting techniques demonstrate that the human calcitonin precursor polyprotein is encoded within a mRNA containing 1000 bases. (5) The results demonstrate that human calcitonin is synthesized as a precursor polyprotein.
Experience with On-Line Monitoring of Biofilms in Power Plant Environments (1994)

Abstract Microbiological growth can produce adverse effects on heat transfer, pressure drop, and corrosion. An electrochemical probe has been developed for on-line monitoring of biological activity on metal surfaces in power plant cooling water environments. The results obtained from the several probes exposed in power plants are reviewed.
Caller Experience: A method for evaluating dialog systems and its automatic prediction (2008)

In this paper we introduce a subjective metric for evaluating the performance of spoken dialog systems, caller experience (CE). CE is a useful metric for tracking the overall performance of a system in deployment, as well as for isolating individual problematic calls in which the system underperforms. The proposed CE metric differs from most performance evaluation metrics proposed in the past in that it is a) a subjective, qualitative rating of the call, and b) provided by expert, external listeners, not the callers themselves. The results of an experiment in which a set of human experts listened to the same calls three times are presented. The fact that these results show a high level of agreement among different listeners, despite the subjective nature of the task, demonstrates the validity of using CE as a standard metric. Finally, an automated rating system using objective measures is shown to perform at the same high level as the humans. This is an important advance, since it provides a way to reduce the human labor costs associated with producing a reliable CE.
A parallel IEEE P754 decimal floating-point multiplier (2007)

Decimal floating-point multiplication is important in many commercial applications including banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, and other financial areas. This paper presents a fully parallel decimal floating-point multiplier compliant with the recent draft of the IEEE P754 Standard for Floating-point Arithmetic (IEEE P754). The novelty of the design is that it is the first parallel decimal floating-point multiplier offering low latency and high throughput. This design is based on a previously published parallel fixed-point decimal multiplier which uses alternate decimal digit encodings to reduce area and delay. The fixed-point design is extended to support floating-point multiplication by adding several components including exponent generation, rounding, shifting, and exception handling. Area and delay estimates are presented that show a significant latency and throughput improvement with a substantial increase in area as compared to the only published IEEE P754 compliant sequential floating-point multiplier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication to present a fully parallel decimal floating-point multiplier that complies with IEEE P754.
Piezoelectric ultrasonic motor using longitudinal-torsional composite resonance vibration (1993)

A piezoelectric ultrasonic motor, which uses longitudinal and torsional composite vibration, is examined in order to obtain high torque characteristics with small diameter. Piezoelectric ceramic elements, oscillating in both longitudinal and torsional modes, respectively, are used as piezoelectric stiffened modes having high electromechanical coupling factors k(33) and k(15), respectively. It is found that the resonant frequencies for longitudinal mode and torsional mode could coincide with each other in the ultrasonic motor, according to finite element method analysis and experimental measurement. The motor operating in both resonant vibrations indicated good performance. The 20-mm diameter motor exhibited 4 kgfcm maximum torque, 450 r/min maximum rotational speed, 40% maximum efficiency, and quick responsiveness, within 2.5 ms.
Adaptive sex differences in growth of pre-ovulation oocytes in a passerine bird (2005)

Maternal modification of offspring sex in birds has strong fitness consequences, however the mechanisms by which female birds can bias sex of their progeny in close concordance with the environment of breeding are not known. In recently established populations of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), breeding females lay a sex-biased sequence of eggs when ambient temperature causes early onset of incubation. We studied the mechanisms behind close association of incubation and sex-determination strategies in this species and discovered that pre-ovulation oocytes that produce males and females differed strongly in the temporal patterns of proliferation and growth. In turn, sex-specific exposure of oocytes to maternal secretion of prolactin and androgens produced distinct accumulation of maternal steroids in oocyte yolks in relation to oocyte proliferation order. These findings suggest that sex difference in oocyte growth and egg-laying sequence is an adaptive outcome of hormonal constraints imposed by the overlap of early incubation and oogenesis in this population, and that the close integration of maternal incubation, oocytes' sex-determination and growth might be under control of the same hormonal mechanism. We further document that population establishment and the evolution of these maternal strategies is facilitated by their strong effects on female and offspring fitness in a recently established part of the species range.
A multi-slice helical CT reconstruction with generalized weighting (2005)

Multi-slice computed tomography (MCT) is one of the most recent technology advancements in CT. Because of the large number of detector rows placed along the patient long axis, MCT offers improved volume coverage, better contrast utilization, and increased spatial resolution. Despite many of its advantages, MCT brings new challenges to the image reconstruction. In general, the challenges of multi-slice CT reconstruction can be classified into two categories: the effects of cone beam and helical interpolation. The cone beam effect comes from the fact that the scanning planes for the outer detector rows are no longer parallel to the plane-of-reconstruction. The helical interpolation effect is mainly due to the inherent projection data inconsistency as a result of the constant table motion. In this paper, we present an algorithmic approach to address both issues. We first propose a weighted hyper-plane reconstruction (WHR) to overcome the sharp transitions in the helical weight. Using WHR, a weighting function is derived based on the scaled average of a set of weights obtained from multiple reconstruction hyper-planes. This approach effectively enables the derivation of a smooth weighting function from any non-smooth functions. We then present a cone-angle dependent weighting (CADW) scheme to overcome the cone beam effects of the outer detector rows. Extensive phantom and clinical experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm is superior to the previously proposed weighting approaches, in terms of reduction of image artifacts and preservation of slice thickness. At the same time, the algorithm utilizes only fan beam back-projections, instead of the computationally more intensive cone beam back-projection.