gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of photoacid generator incorporation into the polymer main chain on 193nm chemically amplified resist behavior and lithographic performance (2007)

The need for chemically amplified resists (CARs) that can resolve sub-65-nm node features with sufficient linewidth roughness (LWR) control and sensitivity to meet the requirements outlined in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has placed a significant and daunting challenge for the design of resist materials that can achieve these goals. In this article, the ability to improve the performance of CARs designed for 193nm lithography via the direct bonding of a photoacid generator (PAG) anion into the resist polymer main chain has been investigated. The bound-PAG anion resist is shown to achieve higher sensitivity and resolution with smaller LWR than their blended-PAG resist analog. Binding of the PAG anion provides reduced photoacid diffusivity, higher maximum PAG loadings, and more homogeneous PAG distributions that help achieve these three critical resist requirements.
An Esophageal Multiprobe for Temperature, Electrocardiogram, and Heart and Lung Sounds Measurements (1978)

An esophageal multiprobe capable of continuous monitoring of body core temperature, heart and lung sounds, and ECG during surgery was constructed using tubing having integral conductive plastic strips. A temperature readout instrument was designed for compatibility with this device. Clinical testing indicates promise for the development of an inexpensive disposable device for use with patients under general anesthesia.
MEMS Particulate Matter (PM) monitor for cellular deployment (2010)

In this work, we present designs, modeling as well as initial results from ongoing fabrication of a novel, portable MEMS Particulate Matter (PM) monitor. The PM monitor uses an air-based microfluidic circuit to select the particles of interest based on their size, and then deposit them onto the surface of a temperature-compensated Film-Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR). The relative change in the resonance frequency of the FBAR provides an indication of the mass of the particles that are deposited on its surface, and correspondingly of the PM concentration in the surrounding air. Our device measures 40 mm × 25 mm × 12 mm, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than commercially available PM monitors. The use of microfabricated components allowed us to reduce the size of the device by an order of magnitude from our previously developed prototype, while at the same time increasing its sensitivity. Combined with a location-aware cellphone, this technology will allow collection of personal PM exposure data.
An Ultra-broadband planar millimeter-wave mixer with IF bandwidth covering 0.5 to 34 GHz (2014)

This paper presents a uniplanar passive ultra-broadband microwave mixer with 33 GHz to 67 GHz RF bandwidth and 0.5 to 34.5 GHz IF bandwidth in down-converter application with 9 ±2 dB conversion loss. The presented mixer topology is a mode conversion single balanced mixer with CPW-to-slotline RF balun and combined CPW LO and IF. An external diplexer is used as a frequency selective device to separate the LO and IF signals. This mixer is equally efficient in up & down converter applications.
Effects of Defined Mutations in the 5′ Nontranslated Region of Rubella Virus Genomic RNA on Virus Viability and Macromolecule Synthesis (1998)

The 5' end of the genomic RNA of rubella virus (RUB) contains a 14-nucleotide (nt) single-stranded leader (ss-leader) followed by a stem-and-loop structure [5'(+)SL] (nt 15 to 65), the complement of which at the 3' end of the minus-strand RNA [3'(-)SL] has been proposed to function as a promoter for synthesis of genomic plus strands. A second intriguing feature of the 5' end of the RUB genomic RNA is the presence of a short (17 codons) open reading frame (ORF) located between nt 3 and 54; the ORF encoding the viral nonstructural proteins (NSPs) initiates at nt 41 in an alternate translational frame. To address the functional significance of these features, we compared the 5'-terminal sequences of six different strains of RUB, with the result that the short ORF is preserved (although the coding sequence is not conserved) as is the stem part of both the 5'(+)SL and 3'(-)SL, while the upper loop part of both structures varies. Next, using Robo302, an infectious cDNA clone of RUB, we introduced 31 different mutations into the 5'-terminal noncoding region, and their effects on virus replication and macromolecular synthesis were examined. This mutagenesis revealed that the short ORF is not essential for virus replication. The AA dinucleotide at nt 2 and 3 is of critical importance since point mutations and deletions that altered or removed both of these nucleotides were lethal. None of the other mutations within either the ss-leader or the 5'(+)SL [and accordingly within the 3'(-)SL], including deletions of up to 15 nt from the 5'(+)SL and three different multiple-point mutations that lead to destabilization of the 5'(+)SL, were lethal. Some of the mutations within both ss-leader and the 5'(+)SL resulted in viruses that grew to lower titers than the wild-type virus and formed opaque and/or small plaques; in general mutations within the stem had a more profound effect on viral phenotype than did mutations in either the ss-leader or upper loop. Mutations in the 5'(+)SL, but not in the ss-leader, resulted in a significant reduction in NSP synthesis, indicating that this structure is important for efficient translation of the NSP ORF. In contrast, viral plus-strand RNA synthesis was unaffected by the 5'(+)SL mutations as well as the ss-leader mutations, which argues against the proposed function of the 3'(-)SL as a promoter for initiation of the genomic plus-strand RNA.
Pimavanserin: Potential Treatment For Dementia-Related Psychosis (2018)

Psychosis is common across dementia types with a prevalence of 20% to 70%. Currently, no pharmacologic treatment is approved for dementia-related psychosis. Atypical antipsychotics are frequently used to treat these disorders, despite significant safety concerns. Pimavanserin, a selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist/antagonist, was approved in the U.S. for treating hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Patients in the pimavanserin group experienced a significant (p=0.001) improvement in Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms - Parkinson's disease (SAPS-PD) scores vs. placebo. In a subgroup analysis of patients with cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≥21 but ≤24), the observed improvement on the SAPS-PD with pimavanserin (N=50) was also significant (p=0.002) and larger than in the overall study population without an adverse effect on cognition. In a Phase 2 study with pimavanserin in Alzheimer's disease psychosis, pimavanserin significantly (p=0.045) improved psychosis at Week 6 vs. placebo on the NPI-NH Psychosis Score (PS). In a prespecified subgroup of patients with a baseline NPI-NH PS ≥12, a substantively larger treatment effect (p=0.011) was observed vs. participants with NPI-NH PS <12. The results of these studies in cognitively impaired patients with PDP provided the scientific foundation for an ongoing study of pimavanserin for treating patients with dementia-related psychosis associated with the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The study uses a relapse-prevention design with the endpoint of time-to-relapse of psychosis to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of pimavanserin as a potential treatment for hallucinations and delusions of dementia-related psychosis.
On Identifying Critical Nuggets of Information during Classification Tasks (2012)

In large databases, there may exist critical nuggets-small collections of records or instances that contain domain-specific important information. This information can be used for future decision making such as labeling of critical, unlabeled data records and improving classification results by reducing false positive and false negative errors. This work introduces the idea of critical nuggets, proposes an innovative domain-independent method to measure criticality, suggests a heuristic to reduce the search space for finding critical nuggets, and isolates and validates critical nuggets from some real-world data sets. It seems that only a few subsets may qualify to be critical nuggets, underlying the importance of finding them. The proposed methodology can detect them. This work also identifies certain properties of critical nuggets and provides experimental validation of the properties. Experimental results also helped validate that critical nuggets can assist in improving classification accuracies in real-world data sets.
Evolution and Mode of Action of Pulsed Radiofrequency (2013)

Implication for health policy
Structure-activity relationships of lactone ring-opened analogs of the antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin (1995)

1,2,4-Trioxane benzylic ethers 8a-e were prepared as simplified, tricyclic versions of the clinically used tetracyclic antimalarial drug artemisinin (1). Five additional artemisinin analogs (9-11) were prepared. Neither water solubility (analogs 8e and 11b) nor chelating ability (analogs 9 and 10), however, produced trioxanes of especially high in vitro antimalarial activity. Trioxane fluorobenzyl ether 8b is the most active in this series (more active than artemisinin) against Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro, with substantial activity also in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei parasites and with 10 times higher activity than artemisinin (1) in killing immature P. falciparum gametocytes.
Synthesis of carbon nanocoils using electroplated iron catalyst (2001)

Carbon nanocoils have been synthesized in great quantities by thermal chemical vapor deposition using the iron catalyst prepared by a convenient electroplating method on indium tin oxide substrates. The fine iron particles can be sufficiently mixed with the indium tin oxide by this method, which induces the high efficient growth of small-sized carbon nanocoils with relatively uniform diameters. The growth of carbon nanocoils is dependent on the deposition temperature, the flow rate of acetylene gas and the deposition time, which is due to the activity of the catalyst particles, the density of acetylene and/or hydrocarbon radicals in the reaction chamber and the tip growth mechanism.
Design and Assist-As-Needed Control of a Lightly Powered Prosthetic Knee (2022)

This paper presents the design of a swing-assist prosthetic knee capable of providing stabilizing passive torques during the stance phase of walking and supplementing the passive swing phase behavior of the prosthetic knee with small active torques. The prosthesis design utilizes a novel actuator which integrates a symmetric multi-chamber hydraulic cylinder and a highly backdrivable linear electromechanical drive system into a single compact package. This actuator is implemented in a self-contained prosthesis design (including batteries and embedded system) which weighs 1.7 kg and is 28 cm in length, making this design comparable in size/mass to commercially available microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees. The device is controlled using a finite state machine with a novel assist-as-needed controller operating during the swing phase. This assist-as-needed controller supplements a nominally passive swing phase behavior with small amounts of active power to enhance user safety. The device and controller were assessed on a single participant who took part in level ground walking experiments with both the swing-assist prosthesis and his daily-use device. Results indicate that the swing-assist prosthesis increases maximum swing phase knee flexion angle relative to the subject’s daily-use device. Furthermore, the swing-assist prosthesis was shown to automatically vary its assistance across walking speeds.
Coordinative Alignment in the Pores of MOFs for the Structural Determination of N-, S-, and P-Containing Organic Compounds Including Complex Chiral Molecules (2019)

Coordinative alignment of target small molecules onto a chiral metal-organic framework (MOF-520)provides a powerful method to determine the structures of small molecules through single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD). In this work, the structures of 17 molecules with eight new coordinating functionalities and varying size have been determined by this method, four of which are complex molecules being crystallized for the first time. The chirality of the MOF backbone not only enables enantioselective crystallization of chiral small molecules from a racemic mixture but also imposes diastereoselective incorporation upon achiral molecules. Crystallographic studies assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the stereoselectivity of MOF-520 not exclusively comes from the steric confinement of the chiral pore environment but also from asymmetric chemical bonding of the target molecules with the framework that is able to provide sufficient energy difference between possible coordination configurations.
Output Evaluation of Resistive Oxygen Sensor having Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 Sensing Material and Zr0.8Y0.2O2-.DELTA. Temperature Compensating Material in Model Exhaust Gas (2007)

We fabricated resistive-type oxygen sensors having a Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 thick film as a sensing material and a Zr0.8Y0.2O2-δ thick film as a temperature compensating material for the first time, and measured the resistance of the two thick films and the output of the sensors in model exhaust gas which was a combustion gas of propane. Then, we considered whether the sensor could be used as a “lambda sensor,” which can identify whether the air-to-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is rich or lean region. As a result, we confirmed that the resistance of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 thick film was low and high in the case of rich and lean regions, respectively. The activation energy of the resistance of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 film was 0.41 and 1.20 eV in rich and lean regions, respectively, and the mean value of them was 0.8 eV. The resistance of the Zr0.8Y0.2O2-δ thick film in rich was almost the same as that in lean. The activation energy was 0.92 and 0.98 eV in rich and lean, respectively, and similar to the mean value of the activation energies of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 film in rich and lean. This result shows that the combination of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 and Zr0.8Y0.2O2-δ films is better for the “lambda sensor.” The electrode structures of the sensor were optimized so that the mean value of the resistances of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 film in rich and lean was the same as the resistance of the Zr0.8Y0.2O2-δ film. The difference in output of the resistive oxygen sensor having the optimized electrode between rich and lean regions was more than 0.7 V, when the source voltage was 1.0 V. The output dramatically changed on the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. From above-mentioned results, we conclude that the resistive oxygen sensors fabricated in this study are able to be used as “lambda sensors.”
Microtensile bond strength of thermally stressed composite-dentin bonds mediated by one-bottle adhesives. (2002)

Mean tensile bond strengths (TBS +/- standard deviation) were (36 +/- 24 MPa and 31 +/- 16 MPa) for PBNT, and (51 +/- 25 MPa and 40 +/- 18 MPa) for P-One without and with thermocycling, respectively. 97% of all tested specimens failed adhesively. Differences between the bonding systems and the therrmal treatments were significant (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed regional correlation between mean TBS of each bonding agent when grouped by the teeth from which they were obtained (r = 0.66, P = 0.002). SEM revealed that both bonding agents effectively wetted the conditioned dentin producing a typical hybrid layer, surface-textured resin tags with multiple lateral branches.
Exploring the corporate ecosystem with a semi-supervised entity graph (2011)

Investment decisions in the financial markets require careful analysis of information available from multiple data sources. In this paper, we present Atlas, a novel entity-based information analysis and content aggregation platform that uses heterogeneous data sources to construct and maintain the "ecosystem" around tangible and logical entities such as organizations, products, industries, geographies, commodities and macroeconomic indicators. Entities are represented as vertices in a directed graph, and edges are generated using entity co-occurrences in unstructured documents and supervised information from structured data sources. Significance scores for the edges are computed using a method that combines supervised, unsupervised and temporal factors into a single score. Important entity attributes from the structured content and the entity neighborhood in the graph are automatically summarized as the entity "fingerprint". A highly interactive user interface provides exploratory access to the graph and supports common business use cases. We present results of experiments performed on five years of news and broker research data, and show that Atlas is able to accurately identify important and interesting connections in real-world entities. We also demonstrate that Atlas entity fingerprints are particularly useful in entity similarity queries, with a quality that rivals existing human maintained databases.
A comparative study of ethanol production using dilute acid, ionic liquid and AFEX™ pretreated corn stover (2014)

Compositional analysis of the pretreated biomass solids showed no significant change in composition for AFEX treated corn stover, while about 85% of hemicellulose was solubilized after DA pretreatment, and about 90% of lignin was removed after IL pretreatment. As expected, the optimal commercial enzyme combination was different for the solids prepared by different pretreatment technologies. Due to loss of nutrients during the pretreatment and washing steps, DA and IL pretreated hydrolysates required exogenous nutrient supplementation to ferment glucose and xylose efficiently, while AFEX pretreated hydrolysate did not require nutrient supplementation.
Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

There has been interest in the effect of various types and amounts of dietary carbohydrates and proteins on blood glucose. On the basis of our previous data, we designed a high-protein/low-carbohydrate, weight-maintaining, nonketogenic diet. Its effect on glucose control in people with untreated type 2 diabetes was determined. We refer to this as a low-biologically-available-glucose (LoBAG) diet. Eight men were studied using a randomized 5-week crossover design with a 5-week washout period. The carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio of the control diet was 55:15:30. The test diet ratio was 20:30:50. Plasma and urinary beta-hydroxybutyrate were similar on both diets. The mean 24-h integrated serum glucose at the end of the control and LoBAG diets was 198 and 126 mg/dl, respectively. The percentage of glycohemoglobin was 9.8 +/- 0.5 and 7.6 +/- 0.3, respectively. It was still decreasing at the end of the LoBAG diet. Thus, the final calculated glycohemoglobin was estimated to be approximately 6.3-5.4%. Serum insulin was decreased, and plasma glucagon was increased. Serum cholesterol was unchanged. Thus, a LoBAG diet ingested for 5 weeks dramatically reduced the circulating glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Potentially, this could be a patient-empowering way to ameliorate hyperglycemia without pharmacological intervention. The long-term effects of such a diet remain to be determined.
Field evaluation of in-situ biodegradation for aquifer restoration. Interim report, October 1985-October 1987 (1987)

The in-situ remediation of aquifers contaminated with halogenated aliphatic compounds is a promising alternative in efforts to protect ground water. The report presents the experimental methodology and the initial results of a field experiment evaluating the feasibility of in-situ biotransformation of TCE and related compounds. The method being tested relies on the ability of methane-oxidizing bacteria to degrade these contaminants to stable end products. The test zone is a shallow, confined aquifer located at the Moffett Naval Air Station, Mountain View, California.
Lack of resistance to Schistosoma japonicum in mice immunized with irradiated S. mansoni cercariae (1983)

Mice immunized with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were resistant to challenge with S. mansoni cercariae (mean resistance 53%) but not to challenge with S. japonicum cercariae (mean resistance -5%). Furthermore, the antibodies induced by vaccination with irradiated S. mansoni cercariae were more reactive with S. mansoni than with S. japonicum schistosomula. These results support the concept that the resistance induced by vaccination with irradiated cercariae is immunologically specific.
Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the corrosion inhibition of synthetic extracellular polymeric substances (2020)

Background Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from waste activated sludge (WAS) have previously shown its potential in corrosion inhibition. The aim of this study is to design a synthetic EPS formulation as a surrogate of natural WAS EPS to overcome the corrosion inhibition inconsistency in WAS EPS. The adsorption behavior of the designed inhibitor was studied by kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Methods Synthetic EPS is a bio-inspired material that was formulated based on the most typical chemical compositions of natural WAS EPS, that is, proteins, carbohydrates, humic substances, nucleic acids, and uronic acids, which was not optimized for corrosion inhibition performance. It is a mixture of glutamic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, humic acid, thymine, and alginic acid. Its corrosion inhibition performance was tested with carbon steel in 3.64% NaCl saturated with CO 2 , using the potentiodynamic polarization scanning technique. The resulted electrochemical parameters were used to evaluate the empirical corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters. Results Addition of synthetic EPS showed significant decrease in corrosion rate as compared to the control. The inhibition efficiency improved with increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature. The optimum performance was 94% with 204 mg/L of inhibitor applied at 70 °C (343 K). The inhibition performance was controlled by both the concentration of inhibitor and temperature. Chemisorption of the inhibitor molecules contributed to the overall inhibition performance, reducing the contact of metal with the corrosive environment, thus, slowing down the overall corrosion rate.
DNA rearrangements and altered transcripts of the MLL gene in a human T‐all cell line karpas 45 with a t(X;II) (q13;q23) translocation (1994)

Translocations involving chromosome band 11q23 are found in both lymphoid and myeloid leukemias as well as in lymphomas, in these translocations. The chromosomes most frequently involved in reciprocal translocations include chromosomes 4, 6, 9, and 19, and we and others have reported that chromosomes 1, 2, 10, 15, 17, 18, 22, and X are also involved. In the cell line Karpas 45, which has a t(X;11) (q13;q23) translocation, we report here that the MLL gene is rearranged and that there are two altered transcripts of MLL that come from the der(11) chromosome.