gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3631: Delivery of a CD20 transferrin receptor VNAR bispecific antibody to the brain for CNS lymphoma (2017)

Abstract Penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant hurdle in the development of biologic therapeutics for CNS-related cancers. Antibody-based molecules typically do not cross the BBB in amounts required for therapeutic efficacy. Receptor-mediated transporters in the luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelium, which normally transport circulating endogenous peptides and proteins, offer a non-invasive approach for the delivery of therapeutic molecules to the brain.Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo phage display technology, we isolated a panel of cross species (rodent, primate and human) binders to the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) from synthetic libraries of shark variable antigen receptors (VNARs). Initially, the anti-TfR1 VNARs were fused to an immunoglobulin Fc backbone for testing in mice. At therapeutic (2 mg/kg) doses delivered by tail vein injection, high levels of the VNAR-Fc antibodies were found in the brain after 18 hours, which exceeded 5% of the plasma levels. Brain fractionation studies showed that the VNAR-Fc antibodies to TfR1 translocated to the brain parenchyma and were not retained in the capillaries. The lead anti-TfR1 VNAR was then used to target aberrant B cells in the brain for conditions such as cerebral lymphoma where existing CD20 therapies to not penetrate the CNS at therapeutic doses. A family of anti-CD20/TfR1 bispecific molecules were produced by linking the small VNAR to either the N- and C- terminus of heavy and light chains to create both monovalent and bivalent fusions . We used rituxan as the CD20 agent. The bispecifics were assessed for binding to the two cognate antigens and then tested for brain penetration after tail vein injection. At least 4 different formats gave excellent brain penetration 18 hours after dosing at 3.75mg/kg. Unmodified rituxan had a brain plasma ratio of 0.25 in line with published data while the best anti-TfR1-rituximab bispecific formats were between 2 to 5%. The bispecific formats also retain antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and will be further tested for brain penetration in non-human primates and in rodent models of CNS lymphoma. If these results successfully translate from rodents to larger animals, the peripheral delivery of a brain penetrant CD20/TfR1 bispecific antibody would provide a safer and more effective alternative to CD20 antibody delivery by the intrathecal route and could have broad utility in B cell driven brain cancer. Citation Format: Frank S. Walsh, Krzysztof Wicher, Jaroslaw Szary, Pawel Stocki, Michael Demydchuk, Lynn Rutkowski. Delivery of a CD20 transferrin receptor VNAR bispecific antibody to the brain for CNS lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3631. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3631
A shrouded aerosol sampling probe: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (1988)

A new device has been developed for sampling aerosol particles from moving air streams--a shrouded probe. In the design reported herein, a 30 mm diameter sampling probe is located concentrically within a 105 mm diameter cylindrically-shaped shroud. The flow rate through the sampling probe is a constant value of 170 l/min. The dynamic pressure of the external air stream forces flow through the region between the shroud and the internal probe. The velocity of the main air stream, U/sub o/, is reduced in the shroud such that the velocity just upstream of the probe, U/sub s/, is 0.40 that of U/sub o/. By reducing the main air stream velocity, the aerosol losses on the internal walls of the probe inlet are considerably reduced. For a typical isokinetic probe sampling at 170 l/min in an air stream with a velocity of 14 m/s, the wall losses of 10 ..mu..m aerodynamic diameter particles are 39% of the total aspirated aerosol; whereas, the wall losses in the shrouded probe are 13%. Also, by reducing the velocity of the air stream in the shroud, anisokinetic effects can be substantially reduced. Wind tunnel experiments with 10 ..mu..m diameter particles over the range of free streammore » velocities of 2.0 to 14 m/s show the transmission ratio (ratio of aerosol transmitted through the probe to aerosol concentration in the free stream) to be within the range of 0.93 to 1.11. These data are for a constant flow rate of 170 l/min through the probe. 19 refs., 7 figs.« less
Dictionary variance based optimization of MR Fingerprinting (2023)

This study presents an optimization tool to investigate and validate the effects of MR sequence modules on MR Fingerprinting. Dictionary variance across the tissue property dimension can predict the outcome of a given change in an MRF sequence. An MRF sequence variant is optimized by varying three typical MRF sequence blocks of FA pattern, RF phase and inversion pulses. The observations from the dictionary variance align with in vivo data results.
Engineering of Molecular Geometry in Bottlebrush Polymers (2019)

Bottlebrush polymers are large cylindrical macromolecules, where a molecular “width” emerges from a large number of side chains densely attached to a central backbone. The lengths of these grafted side chains exert indirect control over molecular flexibility, material processing, and molecular assembly behavior. Sequencing of the side-chain length is a promising route to further modify molecular geometry; however, tedious laboratory synthesis has imposed practical limits on this tunability. Here, we develop a methodology to overcome this limitation, leveraging automated synthesis and computer simulations to engineer bottlebrush polymers with three-dimensional molecular geometries. The automated flow synthesis platform combines fluid mechanics, reactor engineering, and living polymerization principles to gain precise synthetic control over the polymer architecture. Bottlebrush polymers with hourglass, football, bowtie, and sphere architecture profiles are synthesized with high molecular weights (up to 106 g mol–1, ∼150 nm) and narrow dispersities (D̵ < 1.1). Atomic force microscopy and viscometry are used to illustrate the difference in the architecture of the polymers, providing results that match simulation predictions. This agreement enables the development of an inverse design protocol, where Monte Carlo simulations are used to correlate the molecular geometry for synthesis. This scalable synthetic strategy enables the production of designer macromolecules with any axisymmetric shape.
All-fiber tunable comb filter with nonreciprocal transmission (1998)

We demonstrate an all-fiber nonreciprocal comb filter by using two acoustooptic frequency shifters and a two-mode fiber interferometer. The transmission spectra for two opposite optical propagation directions are both periodic functions of optical wavelength, but different in transmission peak wavelengths. Methods for controlling the spacing and position of the transmission peak wavelengths are demonstrated.
Controlof Three Degrees-of-Freedom Wave Energy Converters Using Pseudo-SpectralMethods (2017)

Abstract This paper presents a solution to the optimal control problem of a three degrees-of-freedom (3DOF) wave energy converter (WEC). The three modes are the heave, pitch, and surge. The dynamic model is characterized by a coupling between the pitch and surge modes, while the heave is decoupled. The heave, however, excites the pitch motion through nonlinear parametric excitation in the pitch mode. This paper uses Fourier series (FS) as basis functions to approximate the states and the control. A simplified model is first used where the parametric excitation term is neglected and a closed-form solution for the optimal control is developed. For the parametrically excited case, a sequential quadratic programming approach is implemented to solve for the optimal control numerically. Numerical results show that the harvested energy from three modes is greater than three times the harvested energy from the heave mode alone. Moreover, the harvested energy using a control that accounts for the parametric excitation is significantly higher than the energy harvested when neglecting this nonlinear parametric excitation term.
44.3: Flexible Electrophoretic Displays with Jet‐Printed Backplanes (2009)

Abstract Flexible electrophoretic displays are demonstrated using all‐additive solution‐processed active‐matrix backplanes. The conducting traces and the organic semiconductor for the pixel circuit were deposited by inkjet printing. Printed backplanes with smaller pixel size are desirable and the consequences of increasing the display resolution from 37 ppi to 74 ppi are discussed. Novel fabrication approaches for printed multi‐layer pixel designs are presented.
The subunit S1 is important for pertussis toxin secretion. (1990)

Pertussis toxin is a protein containing five noncovalently linked subunits which are assembled into the monomer A (containing the subunit S1) and the oligomer B (containing subunits S2, S3, S4, and S5 in a 1:1:2:1 ratio). Each of the five subunits is synthesized as a precursor containing a secretory leader peptide and is secreted into the periplasm of Bordetella pertussis where the five subunits are assembled into the oligomeric structure and then released into the culture medium. In the absence of subunit S3 the remaining subunits are not secreted into the medium, thus suggesting that the assembled structure is necessary for the release of the toxin into the supernatant. In this study we describe four B. pertussis mutants which secrete into the medium low amounts of the B oligomer of pertussis toxin. These mutants have single or multiple changes in the gene encoding the S1 subunit and synthesize S1 proteins with altered conformation which are not assembled into the holotoxin and are apparently degraded in the periplasm. These data indicate that while the B oligomer alone has the structural information necessary for the extracellular export of pertussis toxin, the S1 subunit is required for its efficient release into the medium.
Activity of glycopeptides against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria (1989)

Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin are rare; but they include members of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus, as well as recently emerging vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and several vancomycin derivatives were tested for their activities against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis were generally cross-resistant to other glycopeptides, but some N-substituted vancomycin derivatives were active against the resistant strains, with MICs of 2 to 32 micrograms/ml. These vancomycin derivatives also had significant levels of activity against intrinsically vancomycin-resistant organisms such as Leuconostoc sp. While vancomycin resistance in E. faecium and E. faecalis was inducible, resistance in members of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus appeared to be expressed constitutively. Antibody to a vancomycin-induced membrane protein found in membranes of resistant enterococci did not detect a cross-reacting protein in other vancomycin-resistant species.
Characterization of "blinking pixels" in CMOS Image Sensors (2008)

CMOS image sensors have increasingly replaced the use of charge coupled devices (CCD) in consumer devices because of lower power consumption, lower system cost, and the ability to randomly access data. However, one disadvantage of CMOS image sensors when compared to CCDs is increased noise signal, especially under low illumination conditions. Part of this noise is associated with leakage current or "dark current", the carrier generation that occurs when no illumination is present. Hence, minimizing and characterizing dark current is important for improving the performance of CMOS image sensors.
Far distance LED-to-Ship Communication employing Optical Camera Communication (2015)

LED lighting has been in the spotlight and there have been many attempts to combine LED lighting infrastructure and communications technology [1]. The achievement of VLC technology is increasing greatly might overcome the remaining limitations of RF technology. In the use of visible light spectrum for wireless communication, image sensor acts as receiver bringing more stable data rate in the far distance transmission compared to photodiode [2]. Not only that, by consisting of millions of photodetectors, a camera that already integrated with handle devices, smartphone, for example, is best option of light receiver. The ongoing standardization activity, the IEEE 802.15.7r1 task group of Optical Communication for Camera (OCC) [3] contributes various promising services using light. The OCC standard activity is known as the revision of the VLC specification because it aims mainly on services employing camera/image sensors as receiver (smartphone for example). Noticeably in OCC, the image sensor can sense not only visible light but also IR and UV, therefore the spectrum in use is widened considerably. Rolling shutter camera is most common embedded in smartphone nowadays because of its low cost compared to global shutter camera. During exposure time, the fast change of light can be recorded by exposure operation of rolling shutter camera [4], thereby data can be transmitted through the light. There have been some several papers related to LEDrolling shutter camera communication. Among them, PureLiFi [5] proposes decoding scheme in pixel value domain based on the change of pixels’ intensity through the horizontal axis of the image while proposes decoding scheme in the frequency domain and demonstration in the vehicular environment. This paper introduces the lighthouse-to-camera system, its operation and some practical issues are shown. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. After this introduction section, section II describes the architecture and function of the system, pointing out some challenging issues, also gives experimental results and all are concluded in section III.
Extractive Hydrogenation: A New and Versatile Technique Broadening Gas Chromatography Applications (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtractive Hydrogenation: A New and Versatile Technique Broadening Gas Chromatography ApplicationsMohammad. Itani and Roger W. GieseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 7, 1189–1197Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00079a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoacoustic concave transmitter for generating high frequency focused ultrasound (2010)

We present a photo-acoustic concave transmitter to generate and subsequently focus high frequency ultrasound. Owing to a short time-duration of pulse laser beam, high frequency acoustic waves and tight focusing can be easily achieved. The transmitter consists of a light-absorbing film coated on a concave spherical structure. For detection, we used an optical microring ultrasound detector capable of covering a broadband and high frequency spectrum of photo-acoustic source. A spot width of ∼44 μm was obtained at the focal plane. As the finite size and the specific shape of the microring cause a geometrical effect on the detection process, especially for high frequency components, we performed a 2-D spatial signal processing to remove this effect and extract a pure pressure distribution. The aperture for acoustic focusing could be optically controlled by changing the size of pulse laser beam.
Pseudolocal Tomography (1996)

Proposed is a pseudolocal tomography concept. A function $f_d $ is defined which, on one hand, has locality properties and, on the other hand, preserves locations and sizes of discontinuities of the original density function and of its derivatives. In particular, one can recover locations and values of jumps of the original function f from these of $f_d $. The resulting images of jumps are sharper than those in standard global tomography. A formula for $f_d $ is obtained from the Radon transform inversion formula by keeping only the interval of length $2d$ centered at the singularity of the Cauchy kernel. At a point $x,f_d ( x )$ is computed using $\hat f( {\theta ,p} )$ for $( {\theta ,p} )$ satisfying $| {\theta \cdot x - p} | \leq d$, where $\hat f$ is the Radon transform of f. Theoretical and numerical aspects of pseudolocal tomography are discussed. Results of model experiments showed effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Unamplified direct detection sensor for passive millimeter wave imaging (2006)

We have demonstrated a high efficiency package for zero bias Sb-based backward tunnel diodes developed for passive millimeter wave imaging. Flip-chip mounting of detector MMICs onto quartz substrates permit placement of the detector directly within the WR-10 waveguide feeds for diagonal horn antennas. This arrangement minimizes the losses between the detectors and antennas while providing an impedance match over a majority of W band. A 2x2 array of radiometers was fabricated, assembled, and measured using coherent measurement techniques. The resulting noise equivalent temperature difference, calculated assuming a 30 Hz frame rate is 10 degrees K.
An Accurate Complexity-Reduced “PLUME” Model for Behavioral Modeling and Digital Predistortion of RF Power Amplifiers (2010)

This paper introduces a new, accurate, and complexity-reduced three-nonlinear-box model that is suitable for the behavioral modeling and digital predistortion (DPD) of power amplifiers (PAs) exhibiting memory effects. This model is composed of a look-up table (LUT), a memory polynomial (MP), and an envelope MP (EMP), which are all connected in parallel, and it is termed as Parallel-LUT-MP-EMP (PLUME). The PLUME model's performance is experimentally assessed using a highly nonlinear Doherty PA driven by a multicarrier wideband code division multiple access signal. A comparison is held between the PLUME model and different state-of-the-art models reported in the literature, such as the MP model, the parallel twin nonlinear two-box model, and the generalized MP (GMP) model. The experimental results, in both behavioral modeling and DPD applications, demonstrate that the proposed PLUME model outperforms the first two models. However, it shows the same accuracy as the GMP model but with an approximately 45% reduction in the number of coefficients. This significant decrease in coefficients considerably reduces the model computational complexity. Another comparison of the resources utilized for field programmable gate array implementation of the PLUME model and the GMP model is performed, which reveals that the PLUME model uses much fewer resources than the other model.
Waste Treatment Process for Electroless Copper (1990)

The spent electroless copper bath is deactivated at the overflow by the automatic addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to prevent copper from plating out in the drain lines, causing the lines to become blocked. Caustic (NaOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are then added to the deactivated electroless copper solution in a batch treatment process. Powdered aluminium or aluminium fines are added to precipitate out the copper as metallic copper. The copper concentration (<1 ppm) can be made stable for several days if necessary. The metallic copper is filtered out and salvaged. The mother liquor is neutralised (pH 6·5–9·0) and discharged. United States patent applied for, 07–345865.
Rationale and clinical development of CD40 agonistic antibodies for cancer immunotherapy (2021)

<b>Introduction</b>: CD40 signaling activates dendritic cells leading to improved T cell priming against tumor antigens. CD40 agonism expands the tumor-specific T cell repertoire and has the potential to increase the fraction of patients that respond to established immunotherapies.<b>Areas covered</b>: This article reviews current as well as emerging CD40 agonist therapies with a focus on antibody-based therapies, including next generation bispecific CD40 agonists. The scientific rationale for different design criteria, binding epitopes, and formats are discussed.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The ability of CD40 agonists to activate dendritic cells and enhance antigen cross-presentation to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells provides an opportunity to elevate response rates of cancer immunotherapies. While there are many challenges left to address, including optimal dose regimen, CD40 agonist profile, combination partners and indications, we are confident that CD40 agonists will play an important role in the challenging task of reprogramming the immune system to fight cancer.
Quantum information primitives using linear optics (2006)

We report on two experiments implementing quantum communications primitives in linear optics systems: a secure Quantum Random Bit Generator (QRBG) and a multi-qubit gate based on Two-Photon Multiple-Qubit (TPMQ) quantum logic. In the first we use photons to generate random numbers and introduce and implement a physics-based estimation of the sequence randomness as opposed to the commonly used statistical tests. This scheme allows one to detect and neutralize attempts to eavesdrop or influence the random number sequence. We also demonstrate a C-SWAP gate that can be used to implement quantum signature and fingerprinting protocols. A source of momentum-entangled photons, remote state preparation, and a C-SWAP gate are the ingredients used for this proof-of-principle experiment. While this implementation cannot be used in field applications due to the limitations of TPMQ logic, it provides useful insights into this protocol.
Low Temperature Silcore® Deposition of Undoped and Doped Silicon Films (2006)

The deposition and film properties for Silcore®-based silicon film deposition, both undoped and doped, are discussed for two different hardware configurations, a vertical furnace and a single wafer reactor. Silcore chemistry provides an alternative means of silicon film deposition as compared to traditional silane chemistry, with the key advantages being the lower deposition temperature regime achievable and smoother resulting silicon films.