gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filamentous Bacteriophage: Biology, Phage Display and Nanotechnology Applications (2011)

Filamentous bacteriophage, long and thin filaments that are secreted from the host cells without killing them, have been an antithesis to the standard view of head-and-tail bacterial killing machines. Episomally replicating filamentous phage Ff of Escherichia coli provide the majority of information about the principles and mechanisms of filamentous phage infection, episomal replication and assembly. Chromosomally- integrated "temperate" filamentous phage have complex replication and integration, which are currently under active investigation. The latter are directly or indirectly implicated in diseases caused by bacterial pathogens Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria meningitidis. In the first half of the review, both the Ff and temperate phage are described and compared. A large section of the review is devoted to an overview of phage display technology and its applications in nanotechnology.
InGaN–GaN Nanorod Light Emitting Arrays Fabricated by Silica Nanomasks (2008)

We present a practical process to fabricate InGaN-GaN multiple quantum well nanorod structures. By using silica nanoparticles as the etch mask and followed by dry etching, nanorods with diameter 100 nm can be uniformly fabricated over the entire 2-in wafer. The photoluminescence spectra of the InGaN-GaN p-i-n nanorod structure are extracted at room and low temperatures. Also, discrete density of states can be observed at the temperature below 60 K. We further fabricate nanorod light emitting devices using a planarization approach to deposit p-type electrode on the tips of nanorods. Current-voltage curves and electroluminescent results of nanorod light emitting diode arrays are demonstrated.
Device Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFET using Al2O3 Based High-k Dielectric (2005)

—We present an AlGaN/GaN metal-insulatorsemiconductor-heterostructure field effect transistor (MIS-HFET) with an Al2O3-HfO2 laminated high-k dielectric, deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). Based on capacitance-voltage measurements, the dielectric constant of the deposited Al2O3-HfO2 laminated layer was estimated to be as high as 15. The fabricated MIS-HFET with a gate length of 1.2 m exhibited a maximum drain current of 500 mA/mm and maximum transconductance of 125 mS/mm. The gate leakage current was at least 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the reference HFET. The pulsed current-voltage curve revealed that the Al2O3-HfO2 laminated dielectric effectively passivated the surface of the device.
Polypropylenimine dendrimers: Improved synthesis and characterization (1996)

Abstract Both the Michael addition and the hydrogenation steps in the large scale synthesis of polypropylenimine dendrimers have been improved: by adding ammonia during the hydrogenations the substrate concentrations can be increased 8 times, the catalyst concentration can be lowered 10 times and the average selectivity remains > 99.5% per conversion. The dimensions of the dendrimers have been studied with SANS and with molecular calculations.
Origins of the neurovascular bundle: interactions between developing nerves and blood vessels in embryonic chick skin (1989)

Growth cones of nerves and endothelial cells of blood vessels are closely analogous in their migratory behavior, and they are both set a similar task during the early development of a limb. Both must invade the mesenchyme to form ramifying networks of large nerves and vessels. Both systems must densely pervade certain regions of the developing limb, such as muscle rudiments, and both form dense cutaneous plexuses at precisely the same depth beneath the epidermis. Moreover, adult tissues show many examples of neurovascular bundles in which nerves and blood vessels run closely parallel and branch in a correlated fashion, suggesting some interdependence during development. We have examined the interrelationship between developing nerves and blood vessels in chick wing skin because it allows a particularly convenient two-dimensional analysis of the two systems which can be revealed simultaneously in the same preparation by injection of Indian ink combined with silver-staining. We show that nerves do not use blood vessels as pathways along which to crawl, but that there are two other ways in which neurovascular associations arise: in some situations nerves and blood vessels follow the same route because they are responding independently to the same mesenchymal cues; and in some situations nerves induce blood vessels to remodel around them.
Direct decoding of uplink space-time block coded multicarrier code division multiple access systems (2004)

The uplink of a space-time block coded multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system endowed with a uniform linear array (ULA) at the base station of macrocell is studied. Transmission takes place over frequency-selective fading channels and the transmitted symbol of a user is encoded by Tarokh's rate 1 space-time block encoder, (V. Tarokh and H. Jafarkhani, July 1999) from real orthogonal design, with three transmit antennas. An algorithm is proposed to blindly estimate the data symbol sequence and the direction of arrival (DOA) of each user without determining the space-time vector channels. The algorithm employs an ESPRIT- like method (Y. Zeng et al.) to separate multiple co-channel users with different impinging DOAs, then exploits the structure of space- time block coding (STBC) in combination with the subspace method to estimate the original symbol sequences for multiple users. In particular, the theoretical analysis shows that the signal subspace defined by the received data covariance matrix can be separated by users' DOA, so the joint diagonalization step of many matrices due to the method presented by A. Swindlehurst (April 2002) is avoided, which saves large computations. Computer simulations illustrate the overall performances of the proposed algorithm.
Serological studies of oral Bacteroides intermedius (1988)

Bacteroides intermedius is a gram negative, anaerobic microorganism associated with certain forms of human periodontal disease, including adult periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Previous studies have indicated the presence of two DNA homology groups which could be distinguished by analysis of protein patterns on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as at least two serogroups within B. intermedius. The present study examined the serology of B. intermedius and determined the distribution of B. intermedius serogroups in clinical isolates and patient plaque samples. Serological reactions with unabsorbed rabbit antisera and antisera immunoabsorbed with B. intermedius strains demonstrated a previously unreported antigenic group within B. intermedius, serogroup C, in both immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence assays. Of 79 B. intermedius isolates from 68 subjects examined with specific antisera, 55% of the isolates and 52% of the subjects were categorized in serogroup C, 40% of the isolates and 46% of the subjects were in serogroup B, and 5% of the isolates and 6% of the subjects were in serogroup A. In 31 samples of subgingival dental plaque from adolescents known to harbor B. intermedius, 81% demonstrated serogroup B, 16% had serogroup A, and 3% had serogroup C.
Adversarial Discriminative Sim-to-real Transfer of Visuo-motor Policies (2017)

Various approaches have been proposed to learn visuo-motor policies for real-world robotic applications. One solution is first learning in simulation then transferring to the real world. In the transfer, most existing approaches need real-world images with labels. However, the labelling process is often expensive or even impractical in many robotic applications. In this paper, we propose an adversarial discriminative sim-to-real transfer approach to reduce the cost of labelling real data. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with modular networks in a table-top object reaching task where a 7 DoF arm is controlled in velocity mode to reach a blue cuboid in clutter through visual observations. The adversarial transfer approach reduced the labelled real data requirement by 50%. Policies can be transferred to real environments with only 93 labelled and 186 unlabelled real images. The transferred visuo-motor policies are robust to novel (not seen in training) objects in clutter and even a moving target, achieving a 97.8% success rate and 1.8 cm control accuracy.
Emergency Department Closures: The Critical Case of Reduced Care AccessWithin Rural Populations (2021)

In this paper, the researchers analyzed the effects of overcrowding and financial difficulties faced by rural emergency departments, which can lead to closures. To achieve this goal, we relied on a systematic analysis of the rural emergency department system, including the financial aspects, ethical considerations, and patient demographics. The researchers also utilized past evaluated interventions in order to determine methods of creating an efficient emergency department. We found that while there was an increase in emergency department patients, finances have not increased to accommodate overcrowding. This paper contributes to emergency department and rural health literature, as the researchers propose an evidence-based intervention that will minimize overcrowding and utilize finances effectively, while taking into account patient medical knowledge and scheduling.
Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls (2012)

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified common genetic variants at 5p15.33, 6p21-6p22 and 15q25.1 associated with lung cancer risk. Several other genetic regions including variants of CHEK2 (22q12), TP53BP1 (15q15) and RAD52 (12p13) have been demonstrated to influence lung cancer risk in candidate- or pathway-based analyses. To identify novel risk variants for lung cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 GWASs, totaling 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls of European descent. Our data provided increased support for previously identified risk loci at 5p15 (P = 7.2 × 10(-16)), 6p21 (P = 2.3 × 10(-14)) and 15q25 (P = 2.2 × 10(-63)). Furthermore, we demonstrated histology-specific effects for 5p15, 6p21 and 12p13 loci but not for the 15q25 region. Subgroup analysis also identified a novel disease locus for squamous cell carcinoma at 9p21 (CDKN2A/p16(INK4A)/p14(ARF)/CDKN2B/p15(INK4B)/ANRIL; rs1333040, P = 3.0 × 10(-7)) which was replicated in a series of 5415 Han Chinese (P = 0.03; combined analysis, P = 2.3 × 10(-8)). This large analysis provides additional evidence for the role of inherited genetic susceptibility to lung cancer and insight into biological differences in the development of the different histological types of lung cancer.
Early fault detection using a novel spectrum enhancement method for motor current signature analysis (2008)

This paper develops a novel spectrum enhancement method to simplify the spectrum representation. It uses a forward synchronous transform to convert three phase current signals into the two current signals in the synchronous reference frame. The spectrum obtained by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to one of the transformed current signals is then maximized by varying the initial phase in the synchronous transform. The enhanced spectrum is a much concise representation of the fault signal because it not only eliminates the supply frequency but also enlarges the magnitudes of fault components. The capabilities in enhancing the fault signals and controlling the noise are highlighted through both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. In addition, two common motor fault cases: a broken rotor bar and a small rotor eccentricity are also tested to evaluate the performance of the enhanced spectrum in detecting these incipient motor faults.
Ultra Thin Wall Mat Design and Optimization with Hybrid Mats (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The advance in emission control technologies towards Ultra Thin Wall (UTW) substrates has presented packaging challenges. With respect to mounting mats, there are two main problems with the traditional intumescent mats. First, intumescent mats typically generate too much pressure during assembly over their normal mounting range for the promised substrate strength; this can lead to broken substrates during assembly. Second, large pressure spikes occur in heated intumescent mats that could cause broken substrates in the field. As a result, non-intumescent mats are being used to alleviate the two main problems that occur with intumescent mats. A third alternative, a composite or “hybrid” mat, may offer a higher level of performance at lower cost compared to the non-intumescent mat solutions. The hybrid mats referred to in this paper consist of a layer of intumescent mat and a layer of non-intumescent mat. Some advantages that a hybrid mat offers are a broader mounting range and increased high temperature resiliency compared to the non-intumescent mats normally recommended for UTW applications. In addition, a well-designed hybrid mat does not have the high temperature pressure peaks that traditional intumescent mats do under high temperature operation.</div>
Efficiency analysis of burst transmissions with block ACK in contention-based 802.11e WLANs (2005)

The channel utilization efficiency of the standard 802.11 networks is severely compromised when high data transmission rates are employed, since physical layer headers and control frames are transmitted at low rate, thus wasting more channel time, proportionally. The extensions defined in the emerging 802.11e for quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning include some new mechanisms developed in order to improve the efficiency. Those include data transmission bursting (referred to as TXOP operation) and acknowledgment aggregation (referred to as block ACK). These two features allow it to offer new data transmission services, in which the data delivery and acknowledgment unit is not a single frame, but a block of frames. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of these operations for both basic and RTS/CTS access cases. We quantify how the data bursting and block ACK mechanisms can affect the system efficiency for different environments, and derive the maximum achievable throughput. We also discuss the operating conditions at which the switch from one channel utilization method to another is desired.
A Family of Algorithms for Computing Consensus about Node State from Network Data (2013)

Biological and social networks are composed of heterogeneous nodes that contribute differentially to network structure and function. A number of algorithms have been developed to measure this variation. These algorithms have proven useful for applications that require assigning scores to individual nodes-from ranking websites to determining critical species in ecosystems-yet the mechanistic basis for why they produce good rankings remains poorly understood. We show that a unifying property of these algorithms is that they quantify consensus in the network about a node's state or capacity to perform a function. The algorithms capture consensus by either taking into account the number of a target node's direct connections, and, when the edges are weighted, the uniformity of its weighted in-degree distribution (breadth), or by measuring net flow into a target node (depth). Using data from communication, social, and biological networks we find that that how an algorithm measures consensus-through breadth or depth- impacts its ability to correctly score nodes. We also observe variation in sensitivity to source biases in interaction/adjacency matrices: errors arising from systematic error at the node level or direct manipulation of network connectivity by nodes. Our results indicate that the breadth algorithms, which are derived from information theory, correctly score nodes (assessed using independent data) and are robust to errors. However, in cases where nodes "form opinions" about other nodes using indirect information, like reputation, depth algorithms, like Eigenvector Centrality, are required. One caveat is that Eigenvector Centrality is not robust to error unless the network is transitive or assortative. In these cases the network structure allows the depth algorithms to effectively capture breadth as well as depth. Finally, we discuss the algorithms' cognitive and computational demands. This is an important consideration in systems in which individuals use the collective opinions of others to make decisions.
Characterization of high-power quasi-cw laser diode arrays (2005)

NASA's requirements for high reliability, high performance satellite laser instruments have driven the investigation of many critical components; specifically, 808 nm laser diode array (LDA) pump devices. Performance and comprehensive characterization data of Quasi-CW, High-power, laser diode arrays is presented.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Ultrathin Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Necklace Nanowires (2008)

Think thin! Colloidally stable ultrathin Bi2S3 nanowires (see picture), which display strong excitonic features never before seen in bismuth chalcogenides and extremely high extinction coefficients, have been synthesized on a gram-scale. Nanostructures such as this are of very high technological potential for thermoelectric applications.
Time resolved synthetic aperture terahertz impulse imaging (2001)

Using a well characterized terahertz (THz) impulse ranging system we demonstrate broad bandwidth imaging at THz frequencies using an inverse synthetic aperture deconvolution technique. The system demonstrates millimeter and submillimeter resolutions along the cross range and range axes, respectively. The range resolution, determined by the THz pulse bandwidth is 0.12 mm, while the cross range resolution is 1.2 mm; both resolutions agree well with theoretical predictions. Through imaging of cylindrical targets we demonstrate quantitative measurement of target position in the image plane within the experimental error of 0.2 mm. Imaging of geometrically scaled complex targets is demonstrated for a 1:2400 scale model ship (1 mm=24 m) corresponding to a full scale frequency bandwidth of 83–625 MHz at a distance of 840 m.
(Invited) Silicon Germanium FinFET Device Physics, Process Integration and Modeling Considerations (2014)

We introduce SiGe FinFET device physics, process integration, and modeling considerations. Germanium is know to have a higher hole mobility than silicon. Enhancement of hole velocity due to lattice mismatch strain in SiGe epitaxy layers is significant. In addition, uniaxial stress is beneficial for device performance. Transformation of biaxial to uniaxial stress naturally occurs when SiGe film is etched into stripes. Furthermore, control of MOSFET threshold voltage by adjusting the SiGe-channel germanium content is possible. On the other hand, SiGe processing challenges include the elimination of interface trap states at the gate dielectric interface, fast diffusion of n-type dopants, and defects in stress relaxed buffer and critical thickness limitations. Band-to-band tunneling sets a lower bound to device static leakage current.
Phase-error correction in digital holography using single-shot data (2019)

In remote-sensing applications, digital holography data often includes both phase errors from atmospheric turbulence and fully developed laser speckle from rough objects. When processing single-shot data, i.e., data from a single hologram, the high speckle contrast makes it more difficult to correct for atmospheric phase errors compared to scenarios where multiple speckle realizations are available for processing. A Bayesian phase-error correction algorithm [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A34, 1659 (2017)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.34.001659] was recently developed for use with single-shot data. The features of this approach are discussed and used to implement an alternative algorithm based on image-sharpness maximization. Algorithm performance is tested using simulated data for a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and turbulence conditions. Using a combination of appropriate parameterization of the phase-error estimates and spatial binning for speckle-contrast reduction, the image-sharpness algorithm achieves performance comparable (better in the high-SNR regime but worse in the low-SNR regime) to the Bayesian approach. Limited experimental results are also presented.
Tape-Spring Rolling Hinges (2002)

This paper presents a new design of a low cost, unlubricated, self-deploying, self-locking hinge whose properties can be easily modified to meet different requirements. A particular implementation is considered, providing a hinge that is 135 mm long, 30 mm high and 45 mm wide, with a deployment moment varying between 0.1 and 0.3 Nm and a locking moment of 13 Nm. Stiffness tests have been carried out on the hinge, in the deployed configuration, and it is shown that the six stiffness coefficients can be estimated using simple analytical models. The moment versus rotation profile of the hinge is shown along with the results found from a finite-element simulation. The results of deployment testing, including shock imparted upon latching of the hinge, are presented for hinges with a variety of damping mechanisms.
Distributing Global Information Systems Resources in Multinational Companies (1994)

The recent realignment of national boundaries and the restructuring of national economic policies around the world have highlighted the need for effective management of international Information Systems (IS). This article re-examines the issue of IS resource management within the international dimension. Previous debate on this issue has centred around conflicting views on the need for headquarters to assume control and subsidiaries to exercise freedom, supporting two forms of IS structure - centralized and decentralized. However, the authors argue that centralization and decentralization of IS should constitute the two extremes of a continuum and this continuum relates to the extent to which the multinational company (MNC) adopts a multidomestic structure or a global one. This contingency view of IS and organizational alignment is presented and related to concepts on organizational fit and information sharing. This paper examines the question of IS resources management from the following aspects : firstly, the drive for internationalization and the differences between a multidomestic, global and transnational approach is discussed. From this, a continuum model for the alignment of MNC structures and IS services is proposed. Finally, a number of research areas based on the continuum model are identified for further study within a global research framework.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
Memory-Efficient Fault Countermeasures (2011)

An efficient countermeasure against fault attacks for a right-to-left binary exponentiation algorithm was proposed by Boscher, Naciri and Prouff (WISTP, 2007). This countermeasure was later generalized by Baek (Int. J. Inf. Sec., 2010) to the 2 w -ary right-to-left algorithms for any \(w \geqslant 1\) (the case w = 1 corresponding to the method of Boscher, Naciri and Prouff). In this paper, we modify theses algorithms, devise new coherence relations for error detection, and reduce the memory requirements without sacrificing the performance or the security. In particular, a full register (in working memory) can be gained compared to previous implementations. As a consequence, the implementations described in this paper are particularly well suited to applications for which memory is a premium. This includes smart-card implementations of exponentiation-based cryptosystems.