gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible-light-induced oxidant and metal-free dehydrogenative cascade trifluoromethylation and oxidation of 1,6-enynes with water (2017)

Generally, oxy-trifluoromethylation in olefins is achieved using oxidants and transition metal catalysts. However, labile olefins remain unexplored due to their incompatibility with harsh reaction conditions. Here, unprecedented light-induced oxidant and metal-free tandem radical cyclization-trifluoromethylation and dehydrogenative oxygenation of 1,6-enynes have been achieved using a photoredox catalyst, CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>Na, and phenanthrene-9,10-dione (<b>PQ</b>), Langlois' reagent (CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>Na) and water as the oxygen source. This benign protocol allows for access to various CF<sub>3</sub>-containing C<sub>3</sub>-aryloyl/acylated benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and indoles. Moreover, the oxidized undesired products, which are inherently formed by the cleavage of the vinylic carbon and heteroatom bond, have been circumvented under oxidant free conditions. The mechanistic investigations by UV-visible and ESR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, isotope labelling and density functional theory (DFT) suggest that light induced <b>PQ</b> produced a CF<sub>3</sub> radical from CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>Na. The generated CF<sub>3</sub> radical adds to the alkene, followed by cyclization, to provide a vinylic radical that transfers an electron to <b>PQ</b> and generates a vinylic cation. Alternatively, electron transfer may occur from the CF<sub>3</sub>-added alkene moiety, forming a carbocation, which would undergo cationic cyclization to generate a vinylic carbocation. The subsequent addition of water to the vinylic cation, followed by the elimination of hydrogen gas, led to the formation of trifluoromethylated C<sub>3</sub>-aryloyl/acylated heterocycles.
Adolescent‐Parent Attachments Family Problem‐Solving Styles (1996)

Variation in exploratory and collaborative behavior among family members define different problem-solving styles or "paradigms" in families. Similar characteristics distinguish patterns of attachment within dyads. This suggests an association between these phenomena. The hypothesis was tested in a laboratory study of families with young adolescents. Using the Reiss Card Sort Procedure (CSP) and a newly developed scheme for classifying adolescent attachments, it was demonstrated that particular problem-solving styles were linked to specific patterns of adolescent-parent attachments. An association of paradigms and attachment patterns may afford a new perspective on the dialectical interplay between individual and family development. The probabilities of paradigm-attachment association could prove useful when choosing an intervention model for family therapy.
Fully Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Lattice Filters With Four Cascaded Unit Cells (2010)

We present a fully reconfigurable optical filter built by cascading four identical unit cells. The devices are fabricated using two distinct methods: a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process utilizes deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography with tuning elements defined by ion implantation to make lateral p-i-n diodes for current injection regions, while an electron beam (E-beam) lithography process uses nickel chrome (NiCr) heaters as tuning elements. The fabricated devices are characterized using swept optical vector network analyzer (OVNA) coherent measurements.
Antibacterial potential of catechin of tea (Camellia sinensis) and its applications (2018)

By reviewing various works of research by many experts on tea, this mini review elaborates the picture of catechins in tea, especially green tea, and their applications as potential antimicrobial agents. Tea originated in China as a drink with medicinal purposes and to be grew a worldwide beverage. Green tea undergoes minimum oxidation process compared to black tea, thus it may contain the same pharmacological bioactive components, but in different concentrations, except for theaflavins and thearubigens that are mainly found in black tea. Phytochemical screening of green tea leaves revealed various polyphenols, mainly catechins, which play multiple essential roles in plant physiology and have potential health properties and benefits on human health, such as antioxidants, as well as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, and as antimicrobial agents. Green tea polyphenolic EGCG has the capability to cross-link with many proteins which grants it a wide range of antimicrobial activities possibly by damaging microbial cytoplasmic lipids and proteins. The high concentrations of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis) were reported to have antimicrobial activities against many pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive bacterium known to be isolated from red meat, therefore making tea catechin an effective antimicrobial agent. In a study model applying up to 1000 ppm tea catechin extract to a biodegradable film, it proved beneficial for home-use wraps for meat, poultry, and seafood, thus expressing the strong potential of tea catechin as an organic antimicrobial agent.
A framework for FPGA-based acceleration of neural network inference with limited numerical precision via high-level synthesis with streaming functionality (2016)

Deep neural networks (DNN) are achieving state-of-the-art performance in many artificial intelligence tasks, such as computer vision and speech recognition. Due to the high computational requirements of DNN, there is an increasing need to design custom hardware for accelerating the DNN computation with a low power budget.\nThis thesis proposes an FPGA-based acceleration solution for DNN inference, realized on a SoC device where software controls the execution and off-loads compute-intensive operations to the hardware accelerator. To minimize the hardware cost, limited precision data representations are investigated for DNN computations, and incorporated in the accelerator design. Streaming functionality is added to the LegUp high-level synthesis tool, allowing the hardware accelerator to be designed entirely in C-language and synthesized to pipelined hardware. The accelerator solution is not tied to a particular DNN architecture; rather, it is configurable in software, permitting the acceleration for a range of DNN architectures proposed in recent literatures.
Aging in Biometrics: An Experimental Analysis on On-Line Signature (2013)

The first consistent and reproducible evaluation of the effect of aging on dynamic signature is reported. Experiments are carried out on a database generated from two previous datasets which were acquired, under very similar conditions, in 6 sessions distributed in a 15-month time span. Three different systems, representing the current most popular approaches in signature recognition, are used in the experiments, proving the degradation suffered by this trait with the passing of time. Several template update strategies are also studied as possible measures to reduce the impact of aging on the system's performance. Different results regarding the way in which signatures tend to change with time, and their most and least stable features, are also given.
A new non-linear processor (NLP) for background continuity in echo control (2004)

A new non-linear processor design is presented for echo control based on the use of spectral modeling and limiting non-linear functions. The objective of the proposed design is to suppress further the residual echo left after the adaptive canceller while preserving the continuity of coherent background signals such as music.
Notch Ligand Delta-Like 4 Blockade Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Regulatory T Cell Development (2011)

Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in T cell differentiation. Delta-like ligand (Dll)4, one of five known Notch ligands, has been implicated in regulating Th2 cell differentiation in animal models of human diseases. However, the role of Dll4 in Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. Using an anti-Dll4 blocking mAb, we show that neutralizing Dll4 during the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice significantly increased the pool of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the periphery and in the CNS, and decreased the severity of clinical disease and CNS inflammation. Dll4 blockade promoted induction of myelin-specific Th2/Treg immune responses and impaired Th1/Th17 responses compared with IgG-treated mice. In vitro, we show that signaling with recombinant Dll4 inhibits the TGF-β-induced Treg development, and inhibits Janus kinase 3-induced STAT5 phosphorylation, a transcription factor known to play a key role in Foxp3 expression and maintenance. Depletion of natural Treg using anti-CD25 Ab reversed the protective effects of anti-Dll4 Ab. These findings outline a novel role for Dll4-Notch signaling in regulating Treg development in EAE, making it an encouraging target for Treg-mediated immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Erratum: Landau theory of cholesteric blue phases (1983)

Experimental evidence of beam-foil convoy electrons being produced by an electron transfer to the continuum mechanism
Effects of iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside on fasting blood glucose level and glucose uptake (2015)

These findings suggest that IPG is active in lowering fasting blood glucose with potency comparable to that of insulin.
Discovering missed synonymy in a large concept-oriented Metathesaurus. (2000)

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) [1, 2] Metathesuarus is concept-oriented; its goal is to unite all names with identical meaning in a single Concept. The names come from its constituent vocabularies or "sources"--a wide variety of biomedical terminologies including many controlled vocabularies and classifications used in patient records, administrative health data, bibliographic, research, full-text, and expert systems. Many offer little definitional information, and many are not themselves concept-oriented, so identifying synonymy is a challenging semantic task [3]. The rapidly increasing size of the Metathesaurus makes the task daunting, demanding effective computational support; there are more than 1.5 million names for 730,000 concepts in the January 2000 release. Vocabularies are added and updated using sophisticated lexical matching, selective algorithms, and expert review [4, 5, 6]. Yet the result is imperfect; we have discovered and corrected missed synonymy in approximately 1% of previously released concepts each year. This paper reviews general methods for finding missed synonymy and describes several specific novel approaches which we have found effective.
PARP inhibitors: its role in treatment of cancer (2011)

PARP is an important protein in DNA repair pathways especially the base excision repair (BER). BER is involved in DNA repair of single strand breaks (SSBs). If BER is impaired, inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), SSBs accumulate and become double stand breaks (DSBs). The cells with increasing number of DSBs become more dependent on other repair pathways, mainly the homologous recombination (HR) and the nonhomologous end joining. Patients with defective HR, like BRCA-deficient cell lines, are even more susceptible to impairment of the BER pathway. Inhibitors of PARP preferentially kill cancer cells in BRCA-mutation cancer cell lines over normal cells. Also, PARP inhibitors increase cytotoxicity by inhibiting repair in the presence of chemotherapies that induces SSBs. These two principles have been tested clinically. Over the last few years, excitement over this class of agents has escalated due to reported activity as single agent in BRCA1- or BRCA2-associated ovarian or breast cancers, and in combination with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. This review covers the current results of clinical trials testing those two principles. It also evaluates future directions for the field of PARP inhibitor development.
Assessment of reactive oxygen species production in cultured equine skeletal myoblasts in response to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation with or without exposure to peroxidases (2012)

Results indicated that equine skeletal myoblast cultures can be generated from muscle microbiopsy specimens. Anoxia-reoxygenation-treated myoblasts produced ROS, and production was enhanced in the presence of peroxidases. This experimental model could be used to study the damaging effect of exercise on muscles in athletic horses.
The complex task of measuring intestinal permeability in basic and clinical science (2016)

Intestinal permeability is a key feature of intestinal barrier function. Altered intestinal permeability is described in many chronic diseases and may be a risk factor for disease development and a target for emerging therapeutics. Thus, reliable and sensitive methods to measure intestinal permeability in both the clinical and preclinical setting are needed. There is currently a large array of tests to choose from, each with advantages and disadvantages. When possible, a combination of methods should be used. The choice of tests should be based on a deep understanding of intestinal barrier physiology and the recognition of their limitations. This mini-review will highlight the advantages and limitations associated with intestinal permeability tests and will identify current problems in the field and how they can be addressed in the future.
Myoelectrical changes in the uterus of the sheep around parturition (1982)

Myoelectrical activity in the uterus of late-pregnant sheep was recorded by the chronic implantation of bipolar electrodes in the myometrium. Three distinct patterns of electrical activity were recognizable: irregular trains of action potentials (greater than 120 sec), long spike bursts (7--120 sec), or short spike bursts (less than 7 sec) each exhibiting high (greater than 100 muV) or low (50--100 muV) amplitude. The duration of spike activity was expressed as the myoelectrical index (MI), i.e. the fraction of the hour during which a given category of activity is exhibited. The increase in the overall MI which represents daily average values regardless of the class of amplitude from 72 h pre partum up to parturition was significantly (P less than 0.05) more pronounced in the uterine horn than in the body of the uterus. During the last 6--7 days of gestation high-amplitude irregular trains and long spike bursts were significantly (P less than 0.05) more frequent than these activity patterns with low amplitude. Regardless of the amplitude, the incidence of irregular trains began to decline rapidly 48 h pre partum with an abrupt cessation following parturition. The frequency of long spike bursts increased 72 h pre partum to reach a maximum which coincided with parturition.
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Trans-Splicing Intein from<i>Synechocystis</i>sp. PCC6803 (2001)

A naturally occurring trans-splicing intein from the dnaE gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Ssp DnaE intein) was used to characterize the intein-catalyzed splicing reaction. Trans-splicing/cleavage reactions were initiated by combining the N-terminal splicing domain of the Ssp DnaE intein containing five native N-extein residues and maltose binding protein as the N-extein with the C-terminal Ssp DnaE intein splicing domain (E(C)) with or without thioredoxin fused in-frame to its carboxy terminus. Observed rate constants (k(obs)) for dithiothreitol-induced N-terminal cleavage, C-terminal cleavage, and trans-splicing were (1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3), (1.9 +/- 0.9) x 10(-4), and (6.6 +/- 1.3) x 10(-5) s(-1), respectively. Preincubation of the intein fragments showed no change in k(obs), indicating association of the two splicing domains is rapid relative to the subsequent steps. Interestingly, when E(C) concentrations were substoichiometric with respect to the N-terminal splicing domain, the levels of N-terminal cleavage were equivalent to the amount of E(C), even over a 24 h period. Activation energies for N-terminal cleavage and trans-splicing were determined by Arrhenius plots to be 12.5 and 8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Trans-splicing occurred maximally at pH 7.0, while a slight increase in the extent of N-terminal cleavage was observed at higher pH values. This work describes an in-depth kinetic analysis of the splicing and cleavage activity of an intein, and provides insight for the use of the split intein as an affinity domain.
Thrombolysis in Acute Evolving Myocardial Infarction (1983)

Acute myocardial infarction is a common manifestation of ischemic heart disease and a leading cause of admission to the acute-care facilities in community and university hospitals. Although the great variations in clinical outcome in this disease are primarily related to the magnitude of acute myocardial loss, medical treatment directed at preservation of jeopardized myocardium has not appeared to result in substantial salvage,1 and the beneficial effects, if any, are probably related to effects on remote — possibly underperfused — myocardium. Myocardial necrosis is a consequence of a profound reduction in regional blood flow sustained for a long enough period to . . .
A 1.0625 $\sim$ 14.025 Gb/s Multi-Media Transceiver With Full-Rate Source-Series-Terminated Transmit Driver and Floating-Tap Decision-Feedback Equalizer in 40 nm CMOS (2011)

A 14.025 Gb/s multi-media transceiver employs on-die Rx AC coupling with baseline wander correction and equalizes up to 26 dB insertion loss at 14.025 Gb/s with a linear equalizer, 10-tap DFE, and 4-tap Tx FIR filter in SST driver. The proposed techniques enable direct feedback for 1st-tap ISI cancellation, and positions of four DFE taps to be adapted over the range of 7 to 38 UI. The prototype is realized in 40 nm CMOS, consumes 410 mW at worst case, and has passed 16GFC compliance tests at 14.025 Gb/s.
Reconfigurable Optical Mobile Fronthaul Networks for Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception in 5G (2017)

The fifth generation of mobile communication is characterized by ultra-dense cellular networks, where massive small cells are deployed in hot spots to increase the network capacity. As a promising technology in the small-cell scenario, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) is proposed to improve cell-edge user throughput by converting inter-cell interference into useful signals. In this paper, we study how reconfigurable fronthaul enabled by optical networks can help improve the CoMP service. According to the baseband unit (BBU) that serves the purposes of coordination, we classify the CoMP service into intra-BBU CoMP and inter-BBU CoMP. Inter-BBU CoMP will cause data exchange between the BBUs, which requires backhaul to support a large bandwidth and low latency. Our proposal is to associate coordinated RRHs with a single BBU to reduce the data exchange. To achieve this goal, we propose two heuristic algorithms: a minimum-cut graph-based lightpath reconfiguration (MCG-LR) and a BBU weight-based lightpath reconfiguration (BW-LR). The two algorithms are emulated on a time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network-based fronthaul under different cell conditions. The simulation results show that the reconfigurability of fronthaul can improve the CoMP service through elastic radio resource allocation. In addition, we can observe that MCG-LR achieves a lower inter-BBU CoMP ratio and lower BBU migration than BW-LR after lightpath (wavelength) reconfiguration.
Low-Power High-Throughput LDPC Decoder Using Non-Refresh Embedded DRAM (2014)

The majority of the power consumption of a high-throughput LDPC decoder is spent on memory. Unlike in a general-purpose processor, the memory access in an LDPC decoder is deterministic and the access window is short. We take advantage of the unique memory access characteristic to design a non-refresh eDRAM that holds data for the necessary access window, and further improve its access time by trading off the excess retention time. The resulting 3T eDRAM cell is designed to balance wordline coupling to reliably retain data for a fast access. We integrate 32 5x210 non-refresh eDRAM arrays in a row-parallel LDPC decoder suitable for the IEEE 802.11ad standard. Memory refresh is eliminated and random access is replaced with a simple sequential addressing. With row merging and dual-frame processing, the 1.6 mm 2 65 nm LDPC decoder chip achieves a peak throughput of 9 Gb/s at 89.5 pJ/b, of which only 21% is spent on eDRAMs. With voltage and frequency scaling, the power consumption of the LDPC decoder is reduced to 37.7 mW for a 1.5 Gb/s throughput at 35.6 pJ/b.
Dynamic walking pattern generation for a humanoid robot based on optimal gradient method (2003)

Describes a method in which walking patterns based on the ZMP (zero moment point) are generated by a simple search algorithm; OGM (optimal gradient method). This approach has advantages in algorithmic simplicity and height generality. First, the designer gives prescribed time trajectories of both feet, hands and a reference of ZMP. Second, initial trajectories of a trunk are determined on the basis of a static walk. Finally OGM optimizes the horizontal motion of a trunk to reduce the deviation of the calculated ZMP from its reference. The same algorithms can be applied to the problems of yaw moment compensation around ZMP and shock compensation between soles and the ground by changing the objective function of OGM. The proposed method could generate various dynamic walking patterns such as steps forward, backward and aside or turning, and stable walks on the life-size humanoid 'H5' were realized by applying them to it.
Contrasting IgA and IgG Neutralization Capacities and Responses to HIV Type 1 gp120 V3 Loop in HIV-Infected Individuals (1994)

Quantitative analysis for HIV-1-specific antibodies present in IgA and IgG preparations purified from the serum of HIV-seropositive individuals indicated that the proportion of HIV-specific antibodies present within the IgG isotype was seven times greater than the proportion of IgA HIV antibodies present within the IgA isotype. Dilution of IgA HIV-specific antibodies by nonspecific IgA was observed in patients with elevated serum IgA concentrations, whereas proportions of IgG HIV antibodies rose with increases in concentrations of serum IgG. Although proportions of IgA HIV antibodies were not observed to correlate with the CD4 counts of the individuals from whom immunoglobulins were purified, a significant association between the numbers of such cells and proportion of HIV antibodies present in the IgG isotype was found. Equivalent amounts of IgG were also more effective than IgA at inhibiting HIV-1IIIB infection of a susceptible T cell line. This may be due to the presence of higher proportions of IgG antibodies directed toward non-V3 determinants because reactivity against an HIV-1IIIB V3 peptide was low and did not differ significantly between these isotopes. IgA antibodies reacting against a V3 peptide containing the HIV consensus sequence could be detected in the majority of IgA samples purified from infected individuals. Proportions of IgG consensus V3-specific antibodies within the purified IgG samples were, however, much higher. The presence of accompanying increases in serum IgG concentration and proportions of IgG HIV antibodies, higher proportions of both HIV- and consensus V3-specific antibodies within this isotype, and more effective neutralization by IgG suggests that an HIV-driven response is dominated by B cells committed to production of this immunoglobulin isotype. The observed low proportions of HIV antigen-specific IgA antibodies with dilution in many individuals by elevations in non-HIV-specific IgA suggests that IgA B cells may be more susceptible to factors that mediate the polyclonal activation believed to be responsible for many of the B cell disorders characteristic of HIV infection.