gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic minimization of OKFDDs (2002)

We present methods for the construction of small Ordered Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams (OKFDDs). OKFDDs are a generalization of Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) and Ordered Functional Decision Diagrams (OFDDs) as well. Our approach is based on dynamic variable ordering and decomposition type choice. For changing the decomposition type we use a new method. We briefly discuss the implementation of PUMA, our OKFDD package. The quality of our methods in comparison with sifting and interleaving for OBDDs is demonstrated based on experiments performed with PUMA.
Study on the welding test of TA2 titanium alloy (2007)

Through the analysis of welding characteristics of TA2 titanium alloy, the welding tests are made with optimized reasonable welding procedure, gas shielded mode and welding rules. The test data show that the welding of TA2 titanium alloy by TIG results in not only good shape of welding seam but the micro structure and mechanical properties meeting the relative standard requirements as well. The paper gives the relevant viewpoints about the welding protection zone of titanium and titanium alloy avoiding air corrosion.
Observation of two-colour gain saturation in an optical amplifier (1987)

We have measured changes in small-signal gain spectra of an optical amplifier caused by the presence of a second signal at a different wavelength. The results are applicable to the use of amplifiers in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems. These spectra also provide a measurement of the spectrum of α, the linewidth-broadening factor.
Unexpected behavior of a gene trap vector comprising a fusion between the Shble and thelacZ genes (1996)

A new gene trap vector has been designed, comprised of a fusion between the Sh ble gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic phleomycin, and the lacZ gene (phleal fusion gene). A synthetic splice acceptor, made of the yeast branchpoint followed by a pyrimidin-rich sequence of 27 nucleotides, is included at the 5' extremity. The linearized gene trap vector was introduced into mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells), and 40 phleomycin resistant (phleo') cell lines possessing a single copy of the insert were selected. They were stable in expressing the lacZ gene. Reporter gene expression was studied at days 8.5 and 10.5 of embryonic development in chimeric embryos obtained after injection of phleo' ES clones into 8-cell stage embryos. Out of 20 phleal lines examined, 14 exhibited beta-galactosidase expression at day 10.5. Use of the phleal fusion gene trap vector to select genes expressed in ES cells, therefore, is compatible with the isolation of genes expressed at midgestation. However, and most intriguingly, 10 out of these 14 cell lines (71%) displayed reporter gene expression mostly in heart and liver. Two of them exhibited, in addition, expression in central nervous system (CNS) or in CNS and limb buds, respectively. Germline chimeras were subsequently obtained and 15 mouse lines have been established. Intercrosses of animals heterozygous for the insertion revealed a mutant phenotype in several lines.
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses (2018)

Several mammalian arenaviruses (mammarenaviruses) cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans and pose serious public health concerns in their endemic regions. Additionally, mounting evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed, prototypic mammarenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. Concerns about human-pathogenic mammarenaviruses are exacerbated by of the lack of licensed vaccines, and current anti-mammarenavirus therapy is limited to off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Detailed understanding of virus/host-cell interactions may facilitate the development of novel anti-mammarenavirus strategies by targeting components of the host-cell machinery that are required for efficient virus multiplication. Here we document the generation of a recombinant LCMV encoding a nucleoprotein (NP) containing an affinity tag (rLCMV/Strep-NP) and its use to capture the NP-interactome in infected cells. Our proteomic approach combined with genetics and pharmacological validation assays identified ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1) and prohibitin (PHB) as pro-viral factors. Cell-based assays revealed that ATP1A1 and PHB are involved in different steps of the virus life cycle. Accordingly, we observed a synergistic inhibitory effect on LCMV multiplication with a combination of ATP1A1 and PHB inhibitors. We show that ATP1A1 inhibitors suppress multiplication of Lassa virus and Candid#1, a live-attenuated vaccine strain of Junín virus, suggesting that the requirement of ATP1A1 in virus multiplication is conserved among genetically distantly related mammarenaviruses. Our findings suggest that clinically approved inhibitors of ATP1A1, like digoxin, could be repurposed to treat infections by mammarenaviruses pathogenic for humans.
Role of acrosomal matrix proteases in sperm-zona pellucida interactions (2002)

The roles of acrosomal matrix proteases in sperm-zona pellucida interactions have long been one of the most puzzling questions in mammalian fertilization. Of the acrosomal proteases identified, acrosin exhibits two distinct activities: (i) an enzymatic activity as a trypsin-like serine protease; and (ii) a lectin-like carbohydrate-binding activity. Thus, acrosin has been postulated to function both in the limited proteolysis of the zona pellucida, and in the maintenance of binding of acrosome-reacted sperm to the zona. However, analysis of acrosin-deficient mouse sperm demonstrates that this protein is not essential for sperm-zona pellucida interactions, including the sperm penetration of the zona pellucida. Acrosin is presumably involved in the limited proteolysis and/or processing of other proteins in the acrosome and on the membranes during the acrosome reaction at least in the mouse, although the serine protease system in mouse sperm is very different from those in sperm of other rodent species. It is concluded that membranous proteases rather than acrosomal proteases may play an important role(s) in the sperm-zona pellucida interactions.
An Introduction to Nonlinear Image Processing (1994)

From a strict semantic point of view, nonlinear image processing encompasses all image processing that is not based on linear operators; however, from a practical, evolutionary point of view, the name itself is usually associated with the study of nonlinear filters, mainly the deterministic and nondeterministic analysis and design of logic-based operators. This Tutorial Text volume explores logic-based operators with emphasis on representation, design, and statistical optimization of nonlinear filters.
Identification of All-trans-Retinol:All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol Saturase (2004)

Retinoids carry out essential functions in vertebrate development and vision. Many of the retinoid processing enzymes remain to be identified at the molecular level. To expand the knowledge of retinoid biochemistry in vertebrates, we studied the enzymes involved in plant metabolism of carotenoids, a related group of compounds. We identified a family of vertebrate enzymes that share significant similarity and a putative phytoene desaturase domain with a recently described plant carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), which isomerizes prolycopene to all-trans-lycopene. Comparison of heterologously expressed mouse and plant enzymes indicates that unlike plant CRTISO, the CRTISO-related mouse enzyme is inactive toward prolycopene. Instead, the CRTISO-related mouse enzyme is a retinol saturase carrying out the saturation of the 13-14 double bond of all-trans-retinol to produce all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol. The product of mouse retinol saturase (RetSat) has a shifted UV absorbance maximum, lambda(max) = 290 nm, compared with the parent compound, all-trans-retinol (lambda(max) = 325 nm), and its MS analysis (m/z = 288) indicates saturation of a double bond. The product was further identified as all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, since its characteristics were identical to those of a synthetic standard. Mouse RetSat is membrane-associated and expressed in many tissues, with the highest levels in liver, kidney, and intestine. All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol was also detected in several tissues of animals maintained on a normal diet. Thus, saturation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol by RetSat produces a new metabolite of yet unknown biological function.
Generic object registration using multiple hypotheses testing in partition trees (2006)

Using image processing techniques that partition an image into a number of homogenous regions, the authors' work regards image analysis as a process to be conducted within a binary partition tree without regard to the image processing stage used to generate it. This work recognises through subjective tests that tree-based representations are amenable to segmentation based on simple descriptions. The method considers the novel application of relative topology of constituent regions within the tree representation and applies it to form registrations in the spatial and temporal domains. To achieve this requires the use of graph-matching techniques to circumvent the non-direct mapping between tree conjugates and derived models. Search strategies are successfully applied in the tree using multiple hypotheses testing in a Bayesian formulation framework, facilitating object registration from very simple models.
ESBRI: A web server for evaluating salt bridges in proteins (2008)

The service is available at the URL: http://bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it/ESBRI/
Acquisition of pathogenicity of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a Japanese quail by intracerebral passage in chickens. (1994)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from a Japanese quail (Cotornix cotornix japonica). The effect of intracerebral and intranasal passages of the NDV in chickens on the pathogenicity was studied. Pathogenicity of the viruses of different passage levels was compared with that of the original isolate by the mean death time with the minimum lethal dose in chicken embryos, intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chicks, intravenous pathogenicity index with 6-week-old chickens and the mortality rates of chickens and quails inoculated intravenously or intranasally. The original isolate from the quail did not kill chickens but only embryos and some one-day-old chicks, exhibiting a mesogenic character. Pathogenicity of the virus of the 10th intranasal passage was not different from that of the original isolate. The viruses passaged intracerebrally, on the other hand, killed chickens of all ages by either route of inoculation, showing a velogenic property. Virus recovery from the blood and the brain was positive only in the chickens infected with brain-passaged viruses by any route of inoculation. Virus titers in the tissues of chickens infected with the brain-passaged viruses were higher than those with the original isolate and the virus of the 10th intranasal passage. These results indicate that the enhanced pathogenicity of the mesogenic NDV isolate from the quail for chickens was induced by acquiring the properties of neurotropism and pantropism through intracerebral passage in chickens.
Wide temperature digital fiber optic transmitters and receivers for high bandwidth military applications (2003)

The author reports the results of development efforts in wide temperature high bandwidth digital fiber-optic transmitter and receiver SEM-compatible modules for use as serial interconnects on platform environments. The devices operate to 1.5 Gbaud at 850 nm and 1300 nm, and have been designed to function over the military temperature range. The transmitter operates without thermoelectric cooling and has been tested at temperatures to 125 degrees C. The receivers have been configured for rapid response to burst-mode signals, common in military platform LANs. Receiver testing has been accomplished over the full military temperature range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis (1987)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of nifedipine 10 mg three times daily for 6 weeks, in 10 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis, is reported. A significant reduction in the duration of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon was observed. Nifedipine therapy also reduced the number and severity of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon and the development of new digital ulcers, and increased the digital blood flow, but none of these changes was statistically significant. No alteration in red blood cell deformability or leukocyte chemiluminescence was observed during nifedipine treatment.
Synthetic and Natural Noise Both Break Neural Machine Translation (2017)

Character-based neural machine translation (NMT) models alleviate out-of-vocabulary issues, learn morphology, and move us closer to completely end-to-end translation systems. Unfortunately, they are also very brittle and easily falter when presented with noisy data. In this paper, we confront NMT models with synthetic and natural sources of noise. We find that state-of-the-art models fail to translate even moderately noisy texts that humans have no trouble comprehending. We explore two approaches to increase model robustness: structure-invariant word representations and robust training on noisy texts. We find that a model based on a character convolutional neural network is able to simultaneously learn representations robust to multiple kinds of noise.
Numerical Coupling of Geomechanics and Fluid Flow During Steam Injection in SAGD (2010)

Abstract The Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is a thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that appears tremendously successful, especially for bitumen. SAGD process results in a complex interaction of geomechanics and multiphase flow in cohesionless porous media. In this process, continuous steam injection changes reservoir pore pressure and temperature, which can increase or decrease the effective stress in the reservoir. Quantification of the state of deformation and stress in the reservoir is essential for the correct prediction of reservoir productivity, seal integrity, hydro fracturing and well failure. In SAGD process, the analysis of reservoir geomechanics is concerned with the simultaneous study of fluid flow and mechanical response of the reservoir. The objective of this paper is to show the importance of taking into account the role of geomechanics in SAGD numerical modeling and to provide a better description of the rock contribution to fluid flow in the SAGD process. Therefore, we introduce a geomechanics-reservoir partially coupled approach, which allows a better predictive description of the SAGD process to be performed. The results of numerical simulations show that the classical treatment of deformation of reservoir through the rock compressibility in the conventional reservoir theory is not a rigorous framework to represent the evolution of high porous rock strains that play a significant role in the performance of SAGD.
Interpretable Recurrent Neural Networks Using Sequential Sparse Recovery (2016)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful and effective for processing sequential data. However, RNNs are usually considered "black box" models whose internal structure and learned parameters are not interpretable. In this paper, we propose an interpretable RNN based on the sequential iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (SISTA) for solving the sequential sparse recovery problem, which models a sequence of correlated observations with a sequence of sparse latent vectors. The architecture of the resulting SISTA-RNN is implicitly defined by the computational structure of SISTA, which results in a novel stacked RNN architecture. Furthermore, the weights of the SISTA-RNN are perfectly interpretable as the parameters of a principled statistical model, which in this case include a sparsifying dictionary, iterative step size, and regularization parameters. In addition, on a particular sequential compressive sensing task, the SISTA-RNN trains faster and achieves better performance than conventional state-of-the-art black box RNNs, including long-short term memory (LSTM) RNNs.
Rechargeable Li-Air Batteries with Carbonate-Based Liquid Electrolytes (2010)

Rechargeable Li-air battery is a candidate for post Li-ion battery with high energy density. In this paper, the rechargeability of Li-air battery over 100 cycles was confirmed and its capacity retention over 60% was achieved. Nevertheless, a large voltage gap between the discharge-charge profiles was observed. Here, a discharged product formed on a cathode was investigated by TEM observation and FT-IR spectroscopy. It was found that the main product formed in discharge was not an ideal compound, Li2O2, but was carbonate species issued from the decomposition of carbonate-based electrolyte solvent.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF Y-BA-CU-SN-O SYSTEM (1990)

By comprehensively determining the lattice parameter, XPS, Mssbauer spectrum, relationship between the resistance and the temperature, oxygen content and the thermal decomposition temperature of the samples of YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7+y) system, it is discovered that Sn occupies the site of Cuin the form of Sn~(4+) oxidation state. The change of crystalline structure as well as T_c are very little for x0.4. The oxygen content of the samples is increased by the substitution of Sn for Cu, which influences the valence of Cu obviously, and makes the Cu be in the Cu~(3+) state. The experimental results give some important information on understanding the origin of superconductivity from the structure, oxygen deficiency, and electronic state. From analysis, it is suggested that the coupling strength between metals and oxygen determines the superconductivity.
Streak And Framing Camera Designs Using Surface Acoustic Wave Charge-Transfer Devices (1985)

Solid state imagers with integrated scanning circuits offer many advantages over beam-scanned camera tubes in cost, reliability, size, and range of applications. Solid state electrical imagers are the realization of available methods for organizing and transferring charges from an image sensing area to electrical readout ports. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) travelling on a piezoelectric medium have been shown to support charge transfer in a solid state device: charges can be injected into electric potential wells which travel at the acoustic speed and may be collected at a different location on the surface. The principles of SAW charge transfer devices (SAW-CTDs) are reviewed. Design concepts for SAW-CTDs and CCD-CTDs for use as electrical or optical waveform recorders and as imaging devices, e.g. streak and framing cameras operating in single-shot and continuously cycling modes, are presented.
Highly ordered TiO<sub>2</sub>nanostructures by sequential vapour infiltration of block copolymer micellar films in an atomic layer deposition reactor (2012)

Sequential vapour infiltration operated in an atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor was used to controllably deliver precursors of TiO2 into the cores of micellar films of the amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(styrene-block-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). Vaporized precursors diffused through the PS corona and were exclusively enriched into the P4VP cores. Arrays of hexagonally arranged TiO2 nanoparticles were produced by burning off the polymeric components after UV-crosslinking the TiO2-incorporated micellar films. The size of the TiO2 particles was tunable simply by repeating the cycle numbers, and the interparticle distances were dictated by the distances between neighboring micelles of the original micellar films and could be changed by using block copolymers with different molecular weights. Compared to the extensively used solution impregnation method, the sequential vapour infiltration strategy was distinct in terms of the simplicity accompanying the “dry” process and precise control in particle sizes. More importantly, growth of TiO2 particles inside micellar cores was not limited by the available pyridyl groups as TiO2 continued to grow on preformed TiO2 particles after the pyridyl groups were consumed. Consequently, the particle sizes could be tuned in a much broader range compared to the solution impregnation method in which the particle size was limited by the saturation of impregnated precursors bound to the pyridyl groups. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatility of this sequential vapour infiltration strategy in producing nanostructures with different morphologies and chemical compositions.
Selective Capability of SynCAM and Neuroligin for Functional Synapse Assembly (2005)

Synaptic cell adhesion is central for synapse formation and function. Recently, the synaptic cell adhesion molecules neuroligin 1 (NL1) and SynCAM were shown to induce presynaptic differentiation in cocultured neurons when expressed in a non-neuronal cell. However, it is uncertain how similar the resulting artificial synapses are to regular synapses. Are these molecules isofunctional, or do all neuronal cell adhesion molecules nonspecifically activate synapse formation? To address these questions, we analyzed the properties of artificial synapses induced by NL1 and SynCAM, compared the actions of these molecules with those of other neuronal cell adhesion molecules, and examined the functional effects of NL1 and SynCAM overexpression in neurons. We found that only NL1 and SynCAM specifically induced presynaptic differentiation in cocultured neurons. The induced nerve terminals were capable of both spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release, suggesting that a full secretory apparatus was assembled. By all measures, SynCAM- and NL1-induced artificial synapses were identical. Overexpression in neurons demonstrated that only SynCAM, but not NL1, increased synaptic function in immature developing excitatory neurons after 8 d in vitro. Tests of chimeric molecules revealed that the dominant-positive effect of SynCAM on synaptic function in developing neurons was mediated by its intracellular cytoplasmic tail. Interestingly, morphological analysis of neurons overexpressing SynCAM or NL1 showed the opposite of the predictions from electrophysiological results. In this case, only NL1 increased the synapse number, suggesting a role for NL1 in morphological synapse induction. These results suggest that both NL1 and SynCAM act similarly and specifically in artificial synapse induction but that this process does not reflect a shared physiological function of these molecules.
Genetic And Molecular Aspects Of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Action (1990)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
ChemInform Abstract: SPHINGOLIPIDS: PART I. SYNTHESIS OF DL‐ERYTHRO‐1,3‐DIHYDROXY‐2‐DICHLOROACETAMIDOTETRADECANE (1980)

Abstract Laurinsäure (I) wird zum Säurechlorid (II) umgesetzt, das mit Natriumacetessigester zum Acetoacetat (III) kondensiert wird.