gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Atlas of Human Regulatory T Helper-like Cells Reveals Features of Th2-like Tregs that Support a Tumorigenic Environment (2017)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance, but they can also play a detrimental role by preventing antitumor responses. Here, we characterized T helper (Th)-like Treg subsets to further delineate their biological function and tissue distribution, focusing on their possible contribution to disease states. RNA sequencing and functional assays revealed that Th2-like Tregs displayed higher viability and autocrine interleukin-2 (IL-2)-mediated activation than other subsets. Th2-like Tregs were preferentially found in tissues rather than circulation and exhibited the highest migratory capacity toward chemokines enriched at tumor sites. These cellular responses led us to hypothesize that this subset could play a role in maintaining a tumorigenic environment. Concurrently, Th2-like Tregs were enriched specifically in malignant tissues from patients with melanoma and colorectal cancer compared to healthy tissue. Overall, our results suggest that Th2-like Tregs may contribute to a tumorigenic environment due to their increased cell survival, higher migratory capacity, and selective T-effector suppressive ability.
Invited Article: Channel performance for indoor and outdoor terahertz wireless links (2018)

One of the most exciting future applications of terahertz technology is in the area of wireless communications. As 5G systems incorporating a standard for millimeter-wave wireless links approach commercial roll-out, it is becoming clear that even this new infrastructure will not be sufficient to keep pace with the rapidly increasing global demand for bandwidth. One favorable solution that is attracting increasing attention for subsequent generations of wireless technology is to use higher frequencies, above 100 GHz. The implementation of such links will require significant advances in hardware, algorithms, and architecture. Although numerous research groups are exploring aspects of this challenging problem, many basic questions remain unaddressed. Here, we present an experimental effort to characterize THz wireless links in both indoor and outdoor environments. We report measurements at 100, 200, 300, and 400 GHz, using a link with a data rate of 1 Gbit/s. We demonstrate both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight (specular reflection) links off of interior building walls. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using THz carrier waves for data transmission in diverse situations and environments.
Myocyte Cell Death in the Diseased Heart (1998)

Karwatowska-Prokopczuk et al 1 and Takemura et al 2 report, respectively, that inhibition of the vacuolar proton ATPase (VPATPase) enhances apoptosis in neonatal cardiac myocytes during metabolic recovery and that the progression of the healing process after infarction involves apoptotic death of inflammatory and interstitial cells. We will discuss these 2 studies separately, because the first addresses important mechanisms of myocyte death and survival, and the second provides new information on scarring of the postinfarcted heart. Both studies emphasize directly or indirectly through in vitro 1 and in vivo 2 experiments the role of apoptosis in ischemic injury. Two different phases of cardiac damage are examined: myocyte death and reparative fibrosis. In the first article, 1 the recognition that alkalinization of myocytes is regulated not only by activation of the Na -H antiport and the Na -HCO 3 symport but also via a third proton-extruding system, VPATPase, 1,3 may elucidate some of the critical events affecting the ischemic myocardium. Whether myocardial ischemia occurs in vivo in the absence 4,5 or presence 5,6 of reperfusion, cell death by apoptosis is the predominant pathological consequence; its etiology, however, remains to be defined. Similarly, the paradoxical beneficial impact of Na -H exchange inhibition during ischemia 1 is unclear. The documentation that the ATP-dependent vacuolar proton pump may play a role in hypoxia-induced myocyte apoptosis is significant because it points to alterations in pH i as critical for the transmission of a death signal to myocytes in vivo. Impairment of VPATPase affects the extrusion of protons from the cytoplasm to intracellular acidic complexes, decreasing pH i , and abolishes the protective influence of attenuation of the Na -H exchanger on Ca 2 overload. The observations by Karwatowska-Prokopczuk et al 1 have been paralleled by results from Lakatta's laboratory recently published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Visualization of the self-healing process by directly observing the evolution of fluorescence intensity (2020)

A fluorophore (TC1) with strong aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect was incorporated into a self-healing elastomer with a dynamic hydrogen-bonded network, the subtle change induced by mechanical damage and self-healing could be detected by CLSM.
Analytic image reconstruction in local phase-contrast tomography (2003)

Phase-contrast tomography is a non-interferometric imaging technique for reconstructing the refractive index distribution of a weakly absorbing object from a set of tomographic projection measurements. In many practical situations, the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image can be increased by minimizing the field of view (FOV) of the imaging system. When the object of interest is larger than the FOV, the measured projections are truncated and one is faced with a local tomography reconstruction problem. In this work, we analytically and numerically investigate the problem of reconstructing tomographic images from truncated phase-contrast projection data. A simple backprojection algorithm for reconstructing object discontinuities from truncated phase-contrast projection data is proposed and investigated that involves no explicit filtering of the projection data. We also investigate the use of the filtered backprojection algorithm and a local tomography reconstruction algorithm developed for absorption CT. These reconstruction algorithms are implemented and numerically investigated to corroborate our theoretical assertions.
SPC in short run processes (2002)

Statistical process control (SPC) is presented in a short-run environment and some background on SPC in general is examined. The steps used in preparing for and applying the SPC techniques in this environment are given. Three types of variables control charts for short production runs are considered: individuals-moving range charts, target charts, and target individuals-moving range charts. The three short-run charts discussed have different, general uses. The individuals moving range chart can be used to monitor a process where a few products are produced at a time. The target chart is used to plot the data from two or more products from the same process on the same chart. The target, individuals moving range chart is used to plot two or more products, from the same process, on the same chart, when there is limited data available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analytical Method for Performance Prediction of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters (1985)

This paper presents a method of predicting the operation and performance of metal oxide arresters in power system applications. The method deals with the low current V-I characteristics of the arrester for non-adiabatic thermal behaviour and with the high current V-I characteristics for response to surges and system disturbances.
The atopic march: current insights into skin barrier dysfunction and epithelial cell‐derived cytokines (2017)

Atopic dermatitis often precedes the development of other atopic diseases. The atopic march describes this temporal relationship in the natural history of atopic diseases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this relationship are poorly understood, epidemiological and genetic data have suggested that the skin might be an important route of sensitization to allergens. Animal models have begun to elucidate how skin barrier defects can lead to systemic allergen sensitization. Emerging data now suggest that epithelial cell-derived cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 may drive the progression from atopic dermatitis to asthma and food allergy. This review focuses on current concepts of the role of skin barrier defects and epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation and the atopic march.
CoQA: A Conversational Question Answering Challenge (2019)

Humans gather information through conversations involving a series of interconnected questions and answers. For machines to assist in information gathering, it is therefore essential to enable them to answer conversational questions. We introduce CoQA, a novel dataset for building Conversational Question Answering systems. Our dataset contains 127k questions with answers, obtained from 8k conversations about text passages from seven diverse domains. The questions are conversational, and the answers are free-form text with their corresponding evidence highlighted in the passage. We analyze CoQA in depth and show that conversational questions have challenging phenomena not present in existing reading comprehension datasets (e.g., coreference and pragmatic reasoning). We evaluate strong dialogue and reading comprehension models on CoQA. The best system obtains an F1 score of 65.4%, which is 23.4 points behind human performance (88.8%), indicating that there is ample room for improvement. We present CoQA as a challenge to the community at https://stanfordnlp.github.io/coqa .
Applications Tuning for Streaming SIMD Extensions (1999)

In early 1997, Intel formed an engineering lab whose charter was to apply a new set of instructions to the optimization of software applications. This lab worked with commercial software companies to increase the performance of their applications by using these new instructions. Two years later, this new instruction set has been made public as a principal new feature of the Pentium III processor, the Streaming SIMD Extensions. Many of the commercial software companies&apos; applications on which the lab consulted have been brought to market, demonstrating significant performance improvements by using the Streaming SIMD Extensions. This paper describes many of the principles and concepts developed as a result of that activity.
Controlling Defects in Graphene for Optimizing the Electrical Properties of Graphene Nanodevices (2015)

Structural defects strongly impact the electrical transport properties of graphene nanostructures. In this Perspective, we give a brief overview of different types of defects in graphene and their effect on transport properties. We discuss recent experimental progress on graphene self-repair of defects, with a focus on in situ transmission electron microscopy studies. Finally, we present the outlook for graphene self-repair and in situ experiments.
Impact of Land Use Changes on the Surface Runoff and Nutrient Load in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China (2022)

Dramatic changes in land use/cover (LULC) patterns have taken place in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) after the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, which have led to hydrological and environment alterations. In this study, eight land use scenarios from 1980 to 2018 were used to evaluate the impact of LULC changes on runoff and nutrient load in the TGRA, using a validated version of the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Firstly, we analyzed the LULC characteristic. During the 38-year period, the LULC pattern showed an increase in forestland and a decrease in cropland. The cropland mainly changed into forestland. Construction land realized growth by encroaching mainly on cropland and forestland. Secondly, the temporal–spatial characteristics of runoff and nutrient load were analyzed. In the TGRA, surface runoff and nutrient load exhibited significant tempo-spatial heterogeneity. The runoff depth and the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads increased through 1980 to 2018, and 2005 was a turning point. After 2005, the annual average change rate was larger than before 2005. The area with a larger runoff depth was mainly distributed in the head and middle region as well as on the left bank of the TGRA. The middle and tail region of the TGRA generated relatively higher TN and TP loads. Lastly, the contributions of LULC types on runoff and nutrient load were explored. Forestland had the highest contribution rate to surface runoff, followed by cropland. Cropland had the highest contribution rate to TN and TP, follow by forestland. This study can provide a better understanding of the hydrological consequences of LULC changes and help watershed management in the TGRA.
Passive fiber-optic ring resonator for rotation sensing (1983)

A passive fiber-optic resonator technique for rotation sensing has been investigated. Preliminary data show a noise-equivalent rotation-rate sensitivity of 0.5 degrees /h (tau= 1 sec), which is an order of magnitude above the photonshot-noise limit. The major sources of error and ways of reducing such errors are discussed.
Beyond <i>scholarship reconsidered</i>: Toward an enlarged vision of the scholarly work of faculty members (2002)

Abstract Ernest Boyer’s 1990 Carnegie report, Scholarship Reconsidered , is examined as a “tipping point”—a critical turning point in what is fundamentally valued and rewarded in the scholarly work of faculty members. Special attention is given to the scholarship of teaching and the scholarship of engagement.
The Mechanisms of “Construction Grammar” (1988)

Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1988), pp. 35-55
Transthyretin Aggregate-Specific Antibodies Recognize Cryptic Epitopes on Patient-Derived Amyloid Fibrils (2013)

Amyloidosis involves the extracellular deposition of proteinaceous amyloid fibrils and accessory molecules in organ(s) and/or tissue(s), and is associated with a host of human diseases, including Alzheimer disease, diabetes, and heart disease. Unfortunately, the amyloidoses are currently incurable, and there is an urgent need for less invasive diagnostics. To address this, we have generated 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against aggregates formed by a blood transport protein, transthyretin (TTR), which primarily forms amyloid fibrils in a patient's heart and/or peripheral nerves. Four of the mAbs, 2T5C9, 2G9C, T1F11, and TB2H7, demonstrated diagnostic potential in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) by their low to sub-nanomolar cross-reactivity with recombinant wild-type (WT) and mutant TTR aggregates and lack of binding to native TTR or amyloid fibrils formed by other peptides or proteins. Notably, in the presence of normal human sera, three of the four mAbs, 2T5C9, 2G9C, and T1F11, retained low nM binding to TTR amyloid fibrils derived from two patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). The two most promising mAbs, 2T5C9 and 2G9C, were also shown by immunohistochemistry to have low nM binding to TTR amyloid deposits in cardiac tissue sections from two FAP patients. Taken together, these findings strongly support further investigations on the diagnostic utility of TTR aggregate specific mAbs for patients with TTR amyloidoses.
Pore Size Control of Porous Silica Ceramics by Hydrothermal Hot-Pressing (1994)

Porous silica ceramics with homogeneous pore distribution were prepared by the hydrothermal hot-pressing of silica gels. The recovered porous ceramics had high mechanical strengths with large pore volumes. The ceramics prepared at 300°C and 20MPa for 1h with 17.2mass% water showed the following properties; high compressive strength (60MPa), low bulk density (0.68g/cm3), large pore volume (0.98cm3/g), and uniform pore distribution with average pore size of 65nm. The average pore diameter of the ceramics was controlled from 25 to 100nm by selecting hydrothermal hot-pressing conditions and starting silica gels. The formation mechanism of large pores in the silica ceramics could be elucidated by capillary effects.
<i>Luminescent Amino‐functionalized or Erbium‐doped Silica Spheres for Biological Applications</i> (2008)

This work presents the morphological and optical properties of luminescent silica spheres, discussing applications in bioimaging and biosensing. The spheres are obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and can be synthesized by following either a basic or an acidic route. Luminescence emission is induced after incorporation of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) during synthesis or by introducing an optically active element, such as erbium, or other rare-earth elements. The luminescence properties of APTES-functionalized silica spheres have been investigated and optimized by varying the annealing temperature. On the other hand, erbium incorporation in silica spheres was also studied and the corresponding Er(3+) luminescence emission at 1.54 microm was evaluated for intensity and lifetime. The basic pH environment in the synthesis allows good control of the size of the spheres (approximately 200 nm in diameter), whereas the acidic route produces a wide dispersion in particle size (200-5000 nm). Both these approaches, however, can be followed to obtain an efficient photoluminescence (PL) emission for the APTES-functionalized silica spheres after 400-600 degrees C thermal treatment. If Er(NO(3))(3) is introduced in the basic solution, a rapid precipitation of Er(OH)(3) occurs, but erbium can be easily and efficiently incorporated in the acid-synthesized spheres, showing high PL intensity at 1.54 microm with lifetime of 3.9 ms. Finally, I discuss perspectives for the applications of these luminescent silica spheres, in particular as biological markers for bioimaging and biosensing.
A high resolution animal PET scanner using compact PS-PMT detectors (1997)

A new high resolution PET scanner dedicated to animal studies has been designed, built and tested. The system utilizes 240 block detectors, each of which consists of a new compact position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT) and an 8/spl times/4 EGO array. A total number of 7,680 crystals (480 per ring) are positioned to form a 508 mm diameter of 16 detector rings with 7.2 mm pitch and 114 mm axial field of view (FOV). The system is designed to perform activation studies using a monkey in a sitting position. The data can be acquired in either 2D or 3D mode, where the slice collimators are retracted in 3D mode. The transaxial resolution is 2.6 mm FWHM at the center of the FOV, and the average axial resolution on the axis of the ring is 3.3 mm FWHM in the direct slice and 3.2 mm FWHM in the cross slice. The scatter fraction, sensitivity and count rate performance were evaluated for a 10 cm diameter cylindrical phantom. The total system sensitivity is 2.3 kcps/kBq/ml in 2D mode and 22.8 kcps/kBq/ml in 3D mode. The noise equivalent count rate with 3D mode is equivalent to that with 2D mode at five times higher radioactivity level. The applicable imaging capabilities of the scanner was demonstrated by animal studies with a monkey.
HingeProt: Automated prediction of hinges in protein structures (2007)

Proteins are highly flexible molecules. Prediction of molecular flexibility aids in the comprehension and prediction of protein function and in providing details of functional mechanisms. The ability to predict the locations, directions, and extent of molecular movements can assist in fitting atomic resolution structures to low-resolution EM density maps and in predicting the complex structures of interacting molecules (docking). There are several types of molecular movements. In this work, we focus on the prediction of hinge movements. Given a single protein structure, the method automatically divides it into the rigid parts and the hinge regions connecting them. The method employs the Elastic Network Model, which is very efficient and was validated against a large data set of proteins. The output can be used in applications such as flexible protein-protein and protein-ligand docking, flexible docking of protein structures into cryo-EM maps, and refinement of low-resolution EM structures. The web server of HingeProt provides convenient visualization of the results and is available with two mirror sites at http://www.prc.boun.edu.tr/appserv/prc/HingeProt3 and http://bioinfo3d.cs.tau.ac.il/HingeProt/.
La ragionevolezza nel diritto processuale civile (2012)

L’opera analizza il tema della ragionevolezza, che viene invocata quale strumento per individuare la soluzione più adatta ai tempi e alle circostanze, più logica e rispondente alle esigenze economico-sociali del momento, senza eccessive preoccupazioni di conformità della soluzione incentrata sul dato positivo e di obbedienza alle regole di interpretazione della legge. D’altra parte, osserva l’autore, il diritto non può non considerarsi fondato sulla ragione e deve quindi essere «ragionevole». L’autore esamina le ragioni del frequente richiamo di tale principio.
A screen for genes that suppress loss of contact inhibition: Identification of <i>ING4</i> as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human cancer (2004)

We have devised a screen for genes that suppress the loss of contact inhibition elicited by overexpression of the protooncogene MYCN. The initial application of this screen detected nine distinctive suppressors within a representative human cDNA library. One of these genes was ING4, a potential tumor suppressor gene that maps to human chromosome 12p13. Ectopic expression of ING4 suppressed the loss of contact inhibition elicited by either MYCN or MYC but had no direct effect on cellular proliferation. Pursuing the possibility that ING4 might be a tumor suppressor gene, we found inactivating mutations in ING4 transcripts from various human cancer cell lines. In addition, we used comparative genomic hybridization to detect deletion of the ING4 locus in 10-20% of human breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors. Ectopic expression of ING4 attenuated the growth of T47D human breast cancer cells in soft agar. We conclude that ING4 is a strong candidate as a tumor suppressor gene.
Cerebral Protection During Surgery for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (2011)

This study reflects current surgical practice for acute aortic dissection type A in Central Europe. For arrest times less than 30 minutes, hypothermic circulatory arrest and ACP lead to similar results. For longer arrest periods, ACP with sufficient pressure is advisable. Outcomes with unilateral and bilateral ACP were equivalent.
CHLOROPHYLL ANALYSIS OF WHOLE RAPESEED KERNELS BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE (1982)

Chlorophyll content was determined in whole rapeseed samples, from Regent and Candle cultivars, by using a reflectance technique in the visible and near infrared region. Chlorophyll content was estimated with good accuracy when predicted results for 42 samples of Regent, 37 samples of Candle and 79 samples for both cultivars combined were compared with standard laboratory results. For Regent, a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.944 and a standard error of estimate (Sy) of 4.7 were obtained when reflectance was measured at six wavelengths. For Candle, R = 0.963 and Sy = 4.4, using another six wavelengths. For both cultivars combined, R = 0.939 and Sy = 4.8, again using a different set of six wavelengths. Wavelengths for predicting chlorophyll were selected from the 630-to 754-nm visible region, and from the 1640- to 2176-nm near infrared region. This reflectance method described for whole rapeseed is rapid, involves no sample preparation, and leaves the seed intact and available for other uses.