gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep-awake patterns following cerebral concussion. (1982)

This study compared sleep-awake patterns in clients following head injury with their sleep-awake patterns prior to head injury. Data were collected from 75 subjects who had experienced a minor head injury (MHI) with a disturbance in consciousness three months prior to filling out a questionnaire. The majority of the clients were males, 16 to 30 years old, who had been involved in a motor vehicle accident which resulted in MHI. Questions related to the sleep-awake patterns before and after head injury. Sleep-awake patterns following head injury differed from sleep-awake patterns prior to head injury in the following sleep indicators: sleep interruptions per week and per night increased significantly (p less than .004, p less than .001) as did the time needed to function at peak efficiency upon awakening (p less than .001). The subjects reported significant increases (p less than .02) in the number of times per month in which they were unable to return to sleep after an early morning awakening coupled with the difficulty in returning to sleep (p less than .04). Overall, the clients reported significantly decreased sleep quality (p less than .02) and increased complaints about sleep following head injury (p less than .001). An increase in the time of consciousness disruption following head injury was related to the subjects having a tendency to sleep longer and to recall fewer, less vivid dreams. A decreased level of consciousness upon admission to the emergency department at time of injury correlated with the increased number of arousals during the sleep cycle and the reduced intensity of auditory stimulus needed to interrupt sleep. The anatomical site of the head injury and the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) were found to have no significant effect upon sleep-awake patterns following MHI.
43.3: Intensity Modulation of Light Sources for Gray Scales in Projection Displays (2012)

Abstract Intensity modulation of light source(s) is proposed to achieve a drastic (logarithmic) reduction in number of time intervals that are necessary to display grayscales in DMD and other projection displays. Methods to reduce power consumption of light sources in projection system are also proposed.
Body and Self-Image (2010)

After interviewing my three respondents and after analyzing their interview data to find an issue to compare and contrast between the three, it was very apparent that all three of them have had very different, yet interesting experiences regarding their body and self image, and much of these experiences have resulted from the country they grew up in and the culture that surrounded them. In my paper, I will firstly introduce my respondents and give a brief description of their experience with body and self image. I will then compare and contrast their experiences, and attempt to analyze how they vary based on the impact of culture and the different countries they grew up in.
Light equalization radiography (1990)

An electro-optical, photographic dodging technique, called light equalization radiography (LER), has been developed. The use of LER extends the dynamic range of radiographic film by enhancing the film contrast in the "toe" region of a radiographic film. Contrast recorded above some predetermined optical density is unaffected. The use of LER permits high-contrast films to be used in radiographic exams where low-contrast, "latitude" film types have been used traditionally, e.g., in chest radiography.
The Prefrontal Cortex: Response Selection or Maintenance Within Working Memory? (2000)

It is controversial whether the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the maintenance of items in working memory or in the selection of responses. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the performance of a spatial working memory task by humans. We distinguished the maintenance of spatial items from the selection of an item from memory to guide a response. Selection, but not maintenance, was associated with activation of prefrontal area 46 of the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, maintenance was associated with activation of prefrontal area 8 and the intraparietal cortex. The results support a role for the dorsal prefrontal cortex in the selection of representations. This accounts for the fact that this area is activated both when subjects select between items on working memory tasks and when they freely select between movements on tasks of willed action.
Reduced expression of BAX is associated with poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a multifactorial analysis of TP53, p21, BAX and BCL-2 (2001)

Traditional clinicopathological features do not predict which patients will develop chemotherapy resistance. The TP53 gene is frequently altered in ovarian cancer but its prognostic implications are controversial. Little is known on the impact of TP53-downstream genes on prognosis. Using molecular and immunohistochemical analyses we examined TP53 and its downstream genes p21, BAX and BCL-2 in ovarian tumour tissues and have evaluated the results in relation to clinico-pathological parameters, clinical outcome and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Associations of tested factors and patient and tumour characteristics were studied by Spearman rank correlation and Pearsons chi2 test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The associations of tested factors with response was tested using logistic regression analysis. TP53 mutation, p21 and BCL-2 expression were not associated with increased rates of progression and death. Expression of TP53 was associated with a shorter overall survival only (relative hazard rate [RHR] 2.01, P = 0.03). Interestingly, when combining TP53 mutation and expression data, this resulted in an increased association with overall survival (P = 0.008). BAX expression was found to be associated with both progression-free (RHR 0.44, P = 0.05) and overall survival (RHR 0.42, P = 0.03). Those patients who simultaneously expressed BAX and BCL-2 had a longer progression-free and overall survival compared to patients whose tumours did not express BCL-2 (P = 0.05 and 0.015 respectively). No relations were observed between tested factors and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. We conclude that BAX expression may represent a prognostic indicator for patients with ovarian cancer and that the combined evaluation of BAX and BCL-2 may provide additional prognostic significance.
Congestion based layer assignment of global routing (2003)

Congestion is a basic but important objective of multilayer routing problem. Global routing, layer assignment and detailed routing are general stages of multilayer routing. In layer assignment stage, reasonable congestion of routing layer will help to promote routability of follow-up detail routing process. A new congestion based layer assignment algorithm, with the goal of min layer number and via number, is proposed in this paper. This algorithm first acquires heuristic optimal (or near optimal) initial solution by the dynamic assessment of routing resources, and then optimizes the initial solution further by simulated annealing method, and at last minimizes the number of routing layers while the distribution of global routing segments of nets is uniform on each layer. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested with industrial circuits and the experimental results are very promising.
Policy based Ensembles for applying ML on Big Data (2019)

When creating real-world machine learning applications, system developers have to deal with the challenges of a dynamic environment where conditions change frequently, data has uncertainty, and new unanticipated situations are encountered. This requires a flexible approach in deciding how to use, adapt and create an AI model. Ensemble learning, where multiple models are trained, and use concurrently provides one way to address some of the issues. However, ensembles as used within the AI literature have primarily focused on creating a better model in a static environment. If we couple ensemble models with the concept of policy based control, we can create a system that is able to deal better with real-world scenarios. If we further augment the system so that it can generate its own policies, we can make progress towards the goal of a broad AI which can dynamically adapt itself. In this paper, we present an architecture for policy based ensemble, and show how it can lead to an approach towards broad AI.
Quality management in gynecologic cytology using interlaboratory comparison. (2000)

Regular coordinated monitoring of performance, with longitudinal and interlaboratory comparison utilizing the methods described, provides an opportunity to optimize gynecologic cytology service.
Automated knowledge acquisition for instructional text generation (2002)

Language generation systems have often been advocated for use in the generation of user documentation, but in practice, it is hard to use them because of the amount of knowledge they require as input. Without a readily available source of input, the knowledge acquisition bottleneck will prevent generation technology from ever being used. Unfortunately, knowledge acquisition for any domain-varying language generation application is difficult because there is seldom any single knowledge source or acquisition method that is adequate for acquiring the appropriate knowledge. This paper argues that this required knowledge can, in practice, be acquired from a heterogeneous set of complementary sources. It then presents Isolde, a support environment for technical writers that can mine these sources using an extensible set of specially tailored acquisition tools. These tools acquire instructional knowledge on-the-fly and consolidate it into a knowledge base that can drive instructional text generation.
Alternative Splicing Results in Differential Expression, Activity, and Localization of the Two Forms of Arginyl-tRNA-Protein Transferase, a Component of the N-End Rule Pathway (1999)

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. The underlying ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, called the N-end rule pathway, is organized hierarchically: N-terminal aspartate and glutamate (and also cysteine in metazoans) are secondary destabilizing residues, in that they function through their conjugation, by arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase (R-transferase), to arginine, a primary destabilizing residue. We isolated cDNA encoding the 516-residue mouse R-transferase, ATE1p, and found two species, termed Ate1-1 and Ate1-2. The Ate1 mRNAs are produced through a most unusual alternative splicing that retains one or the other of the two homologous 129-bp exons, which are adjacent in the mouse Ate1 gene. Human ATE1 also contains the alternative 129-bp exons, whereas the plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) and fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Ate1 genes encode a single form of ATE1p. A fusion of ATE1-1p with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is present in both the nucleus and the cytosol, whereas ATE1-2p-GFP is exclusively cytosolic. Mouse ATE1-1p and ATE1-2p were examined by expressing them in ate1Delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of test substrates that included Asp-betagal (beta-galactosidase) and Cys-betagal. Both forms of the mouse R-transferase conferred instability on Asp-betagal (but not on Cys-betagal) through the arginylation of its N-terminal Asp, the ATE1-1p enzyme being more active than ATE1-2p. The ratio of Ate1-1 to Ate1-2 mRNA varies greatly among the mouse tissues; it is approximately 0.1 in the skeletal muscle, approximately 0.25 in the spleen, approximately 3.3 in the liver and brain, and approximately 10 in the testis, suggesting that the two R-transferases are functionally distinct.
Foreign Students and Graduate Economic Education in the United States (1995)

Of late, over half the Ph.D.'s awarded in economics in the United States have gone to foreigners. At the same time, time-to-completion of a Ph.D. has risen. The presence of many foreign students in graduate economics programs may provide some insight for this longer duration. This article explores this relationship and offers an explanation for the large number of foreign students studying in the United States.
Monolithic integration of thin-film coolers with optoelectronic devices (2000)

Active refrigeration of optoelectronic components through the use of monolithically grown thin-film solid-state coolers based on III-V materials is proposed and investigated. Enhanced cooling power compared to the thermoelectric effect of the bulk material is achieved through thermionic emission of hot electrons over a heterostructure barrier layer. These heterostructures can be monolithically integrated with other devices made from similar materials. Experimental analysis of an InP pin diode monolithically integrated with a heterostructure thermionic cooler is performed. Cooling performance is investigated for various device sizes and ambient temperatures. Several important nonideal effects are determined, such as contact resistance, heat generation and conduction in the wire bonds, and the finite thermal resistance of the substrate. These nonideal effects are studied both experimentally and analytically, and the limitations induced on performance are considered. Heterostructure integrated thermionic cooling is demonstrated to provide cooling power densities of several hundred W/cm2. These microrefrigerators can provide control over threshold current, power output, wavelength, and maximum operating temperature in diode lasers.
Horseradish Peroxidase Inactivation: Heme Destruction and Influence of Polyethylene Glycol (2013)

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediates efficient conversion of many phenolic contaminants and thus has potential applications for pollution control. Such potentially important applications suffer however from the fact that the enzyme becomes quickly inactivated during phenol oxidation and polymerization. The work here provides the first experimental data of heme consumption and iron releases to support the hypothesis that HRP is inactivated by heme destruction. Product of heme destruction is identified using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The heme macrocycle destruction involving deprivation of the heme iron and oxidation of the 4-vinyl group in heme occurs as a result of the reaction. We also demonstrated that heme consumption and iron releases resulting from HRP destruction are largely reduced in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), providing the first evidence to indicate that heme destruction is effectively suppressed by co-dissolved PEG. These findings advance a better understanding of the mechanisms of HRP inactivation.
A clipboard model for Ubiquitous Computing Environments (2005)

In a traditional computing environment, information can be copied and pasted to the operating system's clipboard. This allows information to be moved between applications, and positions within a given application. Although useful when computers are used independently from each other, this technique does not extend to Ubiquitous Computing Environments (UCEs). Support is required in UCEs to allow information to be copied and pasted between displays, computers, applications and positions within a given application. This paper presents a new clipboard model for UCEs applicable to current ubiquitous workspace technologies.
Developing a Prediction Rule From Automated Clinical Databases to Identify High-Risk Patients in a Large Population With Diabetes (2001)

Simple prediction rules based on automated clinical data are useful in planning care management for populations with diabetes.
Expression of wound healing and stress-related proteins in keratoconus corneas (1996)

Altered expression of several wound healing or stress-related proteins was noted in keratoconus corneas. The alterations appear to be nonspecific injury or wound responses in association with corneal diseases.
Generating optical freeform surfaces considering both coordinates and normals of discrete data points (2014)

Through direct design methods, both coordinates and normals of discrete data points on a freeform surface are usually obtained, but traditionally the freeform surface is generated by only fitting the coordinates. In this paper, a novel generating method that fits both the coordinates and the normals is proposed based on the mathematical multiobjective optimization theory. This new method is suited for generating some freeform polynomial surfaces. Two design examples are introduced, and their optical performance is significantly improved when applying the new method compared with the traditional method. This new method is validated to be effective, and it is widely useful as long as the coordinates and the normals are provided in advance.
Splat-based ray tracing of point clouds (2007)

Point-based surface representations have gained increasing interest in the computer graphics community within the\nlast decade. Surface splatting established as one of the main rendering techniques for point clouds. We present a\nray-tracing approach for objects whose surfaces are represented by point clouds. Our approach is based on casting\nrays and intersecting them with splats. Since ray-tracing methods require smoothly changing surface normals for\nproducing the desired photorealistic results, splat generation must include the derivation of such normals. We\ndetermine a neighborhood around each point of the point cloud, estimate the surface normal at each of the points,\ncompute splats with varying radii that cover the surface, and use the normals of all points that are covered by each\nsplat to generate a smoothly varying normal field for each splat. This part of the computation is view-independent\nand, thus, can be precomputed. During the rendering step, ray-splat intersections are performed, where the normal\nat the intersection point is interpolated using local coordinates of the splat’s normal field. Care has to be taken\nwhere splats overlap. We speed up the computations of the ray-splat intersections using an octree data structure.
Exploring West African Folk Narrative Texts Using Machine Learning (2020)

This paper examines how machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) can be used to identify, analyze, and generate West African folk tales. Two corpora of West African and Western European folk tales are compiled and used in three experiments on cross-cultural folk tale analysis. In the text generation experiment, two types of deep learning text generators are built and trained on the West African corpus. We show that although the texts range between semantic and syntactic coherence, each of them contains West African features. The second experiment further examines the distinction between the West African and Western European folk tales by comparing the performance of an LSTM (acc. 0.79) with a BoW classifier (acc. 0.93), indicating that the two corpora can be clearly distinguished in terms of vocabulary. An interactive t-SNE visualization of a hybrid classifier (acc. 0.85) highlights the culture-specific words for both. The third experiment describes an ML analysis of narrative structures. Classifiers trained on parts of folk tales according to the three-act structure are quite capable of distinguishing these parts (acc. 0.78). Common n-grams extracted from these parts not only underline cross-cultural distinctions in narrative structures, but also show the overlap between verbal and written West African narratives.
Treatment of thoracic spine pain and pseudovisceral symptoms with dry needling and manual therapy in a 78-year-old female: A case report (2021)

Fifteen days after her initial evaluation, the patient reported she was pain-free with a pain score of 0/10 on the VAS. She reported she was no longer taking pain medication or NSAIDS. She was able to return to normal daily activities without restriction and normal sleep pattern. Her score on the Oswestry disability index at intake was 42% impairment and 2% impairment after 4 treatments. At follow-up 6 weeks and 12 weeks after her discharge from physical therapy, the patient reported she continued to be pain-free.
Polymorphisms of <i>KCNJ11</i> (Kir6.2 gene) are associated with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Korean population (2007)

Polymorphisms in KCNJ11 are associated with Type 2 diabetes and also with hypertension in the Korean population.
CW operation of GaInAsP buried ridge structure laser at 1.5 μm grown by LP-MOCVD (1984)

A GaInAsP buried ridge structure laser (BRSL) emitting at 1.5 μm and fabricated on material grown entirely by LP-MOCVD is described for the first time in the letter. Threshold currents of 40 mA DC and an output power up to 15 mW have been obtained at room temperature. CW operation up to 60°C has been achieved.
Epicardium-derived cells in cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration. (2007)

During cardiogenesis, the epicardium grows from the proepicardial organ to form the outermost layer of the early heart. Part of the epicardium undergoes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and migrates into the myocardium. These epicardium-derived cells differentiate into interstitial fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and perivascular fibroblasts. Moreover, epicardium-derived cells are important regulators of formation of the compact myocardium, the coronary vasculature, and the Purkinje fiber network, thus being essential for proper cardiac development. The fibrous structures of the heart such as the fibrous heart skeleton and the semilunar and atrioventricular valves also depend on a contribution of these cells during development. We hypothesise that the essential properties of epicardium-derived cells can be recapitulated in adult diseased myocardium. These cells can therefore be considered as a novel source of adult stem cells useful in clinical cardiac regeneration therapy.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in (Mn, N)-codoped TiO2 films grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2008)

(Mn, N)-codoped TiO2 films have been fabricated by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicate the incorporation of both Mn and N ions into the TiO2 lattice but without Mn metal clusters. Ferromagnetism with clear hysteresis at 300 K is observed in (Mn, N)-codoped TiO2 films, whereas the films without nitrogen show paramagnetic behavior. It is demonstrated experimentally that the intentional nitrogen doping plays an important role in realizing dominant ferromagnetic ordering in Mn-doped TiO2 films.
Compact Metallo-Dielectric Optical Antenna for Ultra Directional and Enhanced Radiative Emission (2010)

We report the design of highly efficient optical antennas employing a judicious synthesis of metallic and dielectric materials. In the proposed scheme, a pair of metallic coupled nanoparticles permits large enhancements in both excitation strength and radiative decay rates, while a high refractive index dielectric microsphere is employed to efficiently collect light without spoiling the emitter quantum efficiency. Our simulations indicate potential fluorescence rate enhancements of 3 orders of magnitude over the entire optical frequency range.