gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared plasmonic filters integrated with an optical and terahertz multi-spectral material (2015)

Infrared plasmonic filters, consisting of subwavelength hole arrays etched into metal films, exhibit characteristics that are typically associated with the formation of surface plasmon polaritons, namely enhanced transmission and wavelength filtering of the incident light. In this article, the properties that dictate the plasmonic response of a material from the optical to the infrared regime are investigated, followed by the design, simulation, fabrication and characterisation of an infrared plasmonic filter set. Infrared plasmonic filters have also been integrated with optical plasmonic filters and a terahertz metamaterial to create a new hybrid multi-spectral material that can filter blue, green, red, near infrared, short wave infrared and two mid infrared wavelengths whilst simultaneously absorbing a single terahertz frequency. The multi-spectral material could be integrated with appropriate image sensors to create a multi-spectral camera capable of operating at optical, infrared and terahertz wavebands simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: MNAzymes, a Versatile New Class of Nucleic Acid Enzymes that Can Function as Biosensors and Molecular Switches. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Red Turnip and Purple Wild Sicilian Prickly Pear Fruits (2010)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were assembled by using the bougainvillea flowers, red turnip and the purple wild Sicilian prickly pear fruit juice extracts as natural sensitizers of TiO(2) films. The yellow orange indicaxanthin and the red purple betacyanins are the main components in the cocktail of natural dyes obtained from these natural products. The best overall solar energy conversion efficiency of 1.7% was obtained, under AM 1.5 irradiation, with the red turnip extract, that showed a remarkable current density (Jsc = 9.5 mA/cm(2)) and a high IPCE value (65% at lambda = 470 nm). Also the purple extract of the wild Sicilian prickly pear fruit showed interesting performances, with a Jsc of 9.4 mA/cm(2), corresponding to a solar to electrical power conversion of 1.26%.
Materials and devices for thermal-to-electric energy conversion : symposium held April 13-17, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (2009)

Increasing awareness and concern for energy resources and the environment have stimulated significant advances in materials and technology for energy conversion in recent years. This volume, the ninth in a popular series, focuses on novel materials, materials processing and device technologies for direct thermal-to-electric energy conversion, and emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of research needed to advance the field. The volume begins with an overview of the state of the art in high-temperature thermoelectric materials by Harald Bottner. The section on nanocomposite materials includes an overview on bulk nanostructured materials, one of the most highly investigated areas in the thermoelectric community, by Mildred Dresselhaus. A third overview article, by Peter Rogl, addresses the potential of inverse clathrates for thermoelectric applications. Additional topics include: applications and devices; nanocomposite and nanostructured materials; theoretical investigations; bulk materials and oxide materials.
Compact Fourier-transform volume holographic spectrometer for diffuse source spectroscopy (2005)

We present a new idea for diffuse source spectroscopy using a Fourier-transform volume holographic spectrometer formed by a Fourier-transform lens, a volume hologram, and a CCD. We show that this spectrometer can operate well under spatially incoherent light illumination. Furthermore, this spectrometer is less bulky, less sensitive to input alignment, and potentially more appropriate for implementation of highly sensitive spectrometers than conventional spectrometers.
Quantitative measurement of optical parameters in normal breasts using time-resolved spectroscopy: in vivo results of 30 Japanese women (1996)

Previous investigation has proved time-resolved spectroscopy to be applicable to measurement of optical parameters in the human breast. To increase knowledge of these properties in vivo, the optical parameters of healthy breasts were measured using time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. A time correlated single-photon counting method was used to obtain time-response curves for the breasts of 30 Japanese women. Values of ma (absorption coefficient) and ms8 (transport scattering coefficient) were analyzed by fitting the curves to the diffusion equation. The relationships of optical parameters to age, body mass index (BMI), thickness of the breast, number of pregnancies, and menstrual status were examined. The ma and ms8 ranged from 0.0024 to 0.0078/mm and from 0.63 to 1.08/mm, respectively. The values of ma and ms8 showed a high correlation with age and BMI, respectively. The range of the optical parameters of the healthy breasts was determined. These properties may be strongly influenced by changes in tissue components related to aging, menstrual status, and so on. This optical information will contribute to the investigation of photon migration in the human breast.
Amorphous Magnetic Materials (1974)

Magnetic ordering in atomically disordered systems is a subject of current experimental and theoretical interest. Amorphous magnetic materials have been known to exist for a number of years, but it has become clear only very recently that some of these materials have properties which make them useful for bubble domain devices and in thermomagnetic recording. In this paper, a brief review will be given of amorphous magnetic materials in general including structure, methods of fabrication and magnetic properties. The major emphasis, however, will be on the properties of amorphous rare earth transition metal alloys. The occurance of growth induced magnetic anisotropy in deposited thin films of amorphous alloys as well as the sources of coercivity in amorphous materials will be discussed.
Analysis of truncated HER2 expression and activation in breast cancer. (2010)

1099 Background: De novo and acquired resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy is an active area of research. One of the mechanisms of resistance is expression of p95HER2 which is clinically associated with aggressive disease, poor prognosis, and lack of response to trastuzumab. Clinical studies on p95HER2 are limited due to lack of highly sensitive and specific assays to accurately measure its expression and activation. Methods: A novel technology capable of specifically detecting expression and phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (Prometheus proprietary COPIA assay) was used to differentially detect p95HER2 from full length HER2. Using this assay, we analyzed the expression and activation of p95HER2 as well as other major oncogenic pathways including HER1, HER2, HER3, IGF1-R, c-MET, PI3K, Shc, VEGFR, and CK in 229 frozen breast cancer tissues (stage II to IV). Expression and activation of HER2, p95HER2, and PI3K were also measured in trastuzumab-resistant and -sensitive BT474 cells. Results: Here, we report the successful profiling of HER2 and p95HER2 expression and activation in frozen primary breast cancer tissues as determined by IHC and tested in COPIA. Approximately 50% of IHC 3+ samples had activated p95HER2. The level of expression and activation of p95HER2 in the IHC 2+, 1+ and negative subsets was dramatically lower although some tissues have significant levels. All 10 markers tested revealed diverse activation of signal pathways. In our preclinical studies, trastuzumab-resistant BT474 cells showed significantly higher activation of p95HER2, and PI3K compared to sensitive BT474 cells upon trastuzumab treatment. Conclusions: The highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative p95HER2 COPIA assay allows accurate detection of HER2 and total and activated p95HER2 in small tumor samples such as fine needle aspirates or core biopsies and could select patients who are most likely to respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our COPIA assay enables detection of multiple kinases simultaneously in the same samples, which sheds some light on the mechanism of p95HER2 associated trastuzumab resistance. Future studies are warranted to measure p95HER2 expression and activation in clinical responders and non-responders to trastuzumab treatment. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Prometheus Labs Prometheus Labs
Partial-coherence abstractions for relaxed memory models (2011)

We present an approach for automatic verification and fence inference in concurrent programs running under relaxed memory models. Verification under relaxed memory models is a hard problem. Given a finite state program and a safety specification, verifying that the program satisfies the specification under a sufficiently relaxed memory model is undecidable. For stronger models, the problem is decidable but has non-primitive recursive complexity. In this paper, we focus on models that have store-buffer based semantics, e.g., SPARC TSO and PSO. We use abstract interpretation to provide an effective verification procedure for programs running under this type of models. Our main contribution is a family of novel partial-coherence abstractions, specialized for relaxed memory models, which partially preserve information required for memory coherence and consistency. We use our abstractions to automatically verify programs under relaxed memory models. In addition, when a program violates its specification but can be fixed by adding fences, our approach can automatically infer a correct fence placement that is optimal under the abstraction. We implemented our approach in a tool called BLENDER and applied it to verify and infer fences in several concurrent algorithms.
Abstract 649: PARP14 and PARP9 Are Novel Regulators of Macrophage Activation (2014)

Purpose: A microenvironment dominant in pro-inflammatory macrophages (“M1”) and lacking anti-inflammatory macrophages (“M2”) may promote vascular diseases. We explored and validated key regulators of such macrophage polarization. Methods and Results: Using global proteomic analysis and bioinformatics, we examined the changes in the proteomes of mouse and human macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7; THP-1) in response to interferon gamma (IFNγ) or interleukin 4 (IL-4) for M1 or M2 polarization, respectively. Among 5816 proteins in RAW264.7 and 4723 in THP-1, data filtering and clustering identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) and 9 (PARP9) as candidates for key regulators of macrophage polarization, which increase in M1 and decrease in M2 condition. siRNA silencing of PARP14 in macrophages induced M1 genes TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS, while decreased M2 markers Arg1 and MRC1, indicating that PARP14 suppresses pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and promotes anti-inflammatory polarization. PARP14 silencing induced STAT1 phosphorylation and reduced STAT6 phosphorylation, suggesting their roles in the underlying signaling mechanisms. In contrast, PARP9 silencing decreased M1 markers, as well as phosphorylation of STAT1. Of interest, a direct physical interaction between PARP14 and PARP9 was also demonstrated. In vivo evidence supported these in vitro findings. Macrophages of PARP14-deficient mice expressed markedly higher levels of M1 genes and lower levels M2 markers. PARP14 deficiency accelerated lesion development after mechanical injury in femoral arteries. Conclusions: PARP14 and PARP9 regulate macrophage activation, offering novel therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.
Cooperative Collision Avoidance at Intersections: Algorithms and Experiments (2013)

In this paper, we leverage vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology to implement computationally efficient decentralized algorithms for two-vehicle cooperative collision avoidance at intersections. Our algorithms employ formal control theoretic methods to guarantee a collision-free (safe) system, whereas overrides are only applied when necessary to prevent a crash. Model uncertainty and communication delays are explicitly accounted for by the model and by the state estimation algorithm. The main contribution of this work is to provide an experimental validation of our method on two instrumented vehicles engaged in an intersection collision avoidance scenario in a test track.
Improved real-time imaging spectrometer (1993)

An improved AOTF-based imaging spectrometer that offers several advantages over prior art AOTF imaging spectrometers is presented. The ability to electronically set the bandpass wavelength provides observational flexibility. Various improvements in optical architecture provide simplified magnification variability, improved image resolution and light throughput efficiency and reduced sensitivity to ambient light. Two embodiments of the invention are: (1) operation in the visible/near-infrared domain of wavelength range 0.48 to 0.76 microns; and (2) infrared configuration which operates in the wavelength range of 1.2 to 2.5 microns.
<title>Active imaging applied to navigation through fog</title> (1999)

Navigation, especially in aviation, has been plagued since its inception with the hazards ofpoor visibility conditions. Vehicular ground movement is also hampered at night or in low visibility even with night vision augmentation because of the lack of contrast and depth perception. For landing aircraft in fog, the visible and near-infrared have been discounted because of the large backscatter coefficients in favor of primarily radar that penetrates waterladen atmospheres. Aircraft outfitted with an Instrumentation Landing System (ILS) can land safely on an aircraft carrier in fog. Landing at an airport with an ILS is not safe because there is no way to detect small-scale obstacles that do not show up on radar but can cause a landing crash. We have developed and tested a technique to improve navigation through fog based on chopped active visible laser illumination and wide baseline stereo (hyperstereo) viewing with real-time image correction of backscatter radiation and forward scattering blur. The basis of the approach to developing this active hyperstereo vision system for landing aircraft in fog is outlined in the invention disclosure ofthe Army Research Laboratory (ARL) patent application ARL-97-72, filed Dec. 1997. Testing this concept required a matched pair of laser illuminators and cameras with synchronized choppers, a computer for near real-time acquisition and analysis of the hyperstereo imagery with ancillary stereo display goggles, a set of specular reflectors, and a fog generator/characterizer. The basic concept of active hyperstereo vision is to compare the imagery obtained from alternate wings ofthe aircraft while illuminating only from the opposite wing. This produces images with a backscatter radiation pattern that has an increasing gradient towards the side with the illumination source. Flipping the imagery from one wing left to right and comparing it to the opposite wing imagery will allow the backscattered radiation pattern to be subtracted from both sets of imagery. Use of specular reflectors along the sides of the runway will allow the human stereo fusion process to fuse the forward scatter blurred hyperstereo imagery of the array of specular reflectors with backscatter eliminated and allow the appropriate amount of inverse point spread function deblurring to be applied for optimum resolution of scene content (i.e., obstacles on the runway). Results of this testing will be shown.
High Performance Micro-Channel Cross Flow Heat Exchangers (2005)

The performance of a micro-channel gas-liquid cross flow heat exchanger, manufactured by the LIGA technique is presented. Large heat transfer coefficients are achieved on the gas side by achieving gas-flow passage dimensions as low as 300 microns. Cross flow heat exchanger panels have been produced as large as 20 cm by 15 cm. These panels can be arranged in a variety of ways to produce heat exchangers capable of handling large thermal loads. Experimental results have shown that these heat exchangers are approximately one order of magnitude better, in terms of heat transfer per unit volume, than the commercially available tube-fin heat exchangers with characteristic cross flow channel dimensions that are typically three times larger.
Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography (3D-OCT) Image Enhancement with Segmentation-Free Contour Modeling C-Mode (2009)

The proposed C-mode contour modeling may provide clinically useful images of SoIs even in eyes with severe pathologic changes in which segmentation algorithms fail.
High power capacitive power transfer for electric vehicle charging applications (2015)

This paper focuses on high power capacitive power transfer (CPT) for electric vehicle charging applications. The CPT system can achieve several kW power transfer through an air-gap distance of 150 mm with the dc-dc efficiency higher than 90%. Four pieces of metal plates are used as the capacitive coupler to build up electric fields and transfer power. A double-sided LCLC compensation circuit topology is proposed for the coupler to boost the voltage on the plates. The plates can be arranged vertically, instead of horizontally, to maintain the system power at rotatory misalignment conditions. The CPT system can also be combined with the inductive power transfer (IPT) system, in which the capacitors between the plates resonate with the inductors of the coils. Three prototypes have been constructed to validate the high power CPT system, which demonstrate that the CPT technology is suitable for electric vehicle charging applications.
Novel differential inductor design for high self-resonance frequency (2005)

Symmetric inductors which exhibit constructive inductive coupling between inter-twined halves (branches) under differential drive (i.e., differential inductors) are widely used in differential circuits in place of two separate, single-ended inductors when high Q is required and/or when space is at a premium. One disadvantage of such a differential inductor is the strong capacitive coupling between the two branches causing a low self-resonance frequency (F/sub SR/) when compared to two separate, nominally uncoupled inductors for the same application. This paper presents a novel layout design for differential inductors that largely mitigates this effect, thus extending the usable frequency range.
Antitumor activity of the novel multi-kinase inhibitor EC-70124 in triple negative breast cancer (2015)

Disseminated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an incurable disease with limited therapeutic options beyond chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of druggable vulnerabilities is an important aim. Protein kinases play a central role in cancer and particularly in TNBC. They are involved in many oncogenic functions including migration, proliferation, genetic stability or maintenance of stem-cell like properties. In this article we describe a novel multi-kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity in this cancer subtype. EC-70124 is a hybrid indolocarbazole analog obtained by combinatorial biosynthesis of Rebeccamycin and Staurosporine genes that showed antiproliferative effect and in vivo antitumoral activity. Biochemical experiments demonstrated the inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways. EC-70124 mediated DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Pathway analyses identified several deregulated functions including cell proliferation, migration, DNA damage, regulation of stem cell differentiation and reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, among others. Combination studies showed a synergistic interaction of EC-70124 with docetaxel, and an enhanced activity in vivo. Furthermore, EC-70124 had a good pharmacokinetic profile. In conclusion these experiments demonstrate the antitumor activity of EC-70124 in TNBC paving the way for the future clinical development of this drug alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
Rocking Filters Written in Photosensitive Birefringent Fiber: Suppression of Sidelobes in Fiber Wavelength Response (1992)

Photosensitivity [1] in optical fiber has been used to fabricate rocking filters (polarization mode converters) [2] in birefringent optical fiber by the external point-by-point writing technique [3]. Figure 1(a) shows the fabrication technique and 1(b) is a schematic of the rocking filter configuration. The point-by-point writing technique permits the fabrication of high transmission, narrow-band rocking filters that are resonant (i.e. when the rocking period Lr equals the birefringent beat period Lb) at preselected wavelengths. The spectral response of such filters typically exhibits the sinc2 like dependence on wavelength that is expected from forward (co-propagating mode) coupling in an un-chirped grating filter with a finite length and uniform coupling coefficient (see Fig. 2). This filter characteristic is not ideal for dense wavelength multiplexing because the presence of the sidelobes increases the frequency separation (guard-space) needed between optical carriers to reduce interchannel interference to acceptable levels. In this paper we demonstrate an effective technique for suppressing the sidelobes in the wavelength response of an externally written rocking filter.
ROBUSTNESS AND SIGNAL RECOVERY IN A SYNCHRONIZED CHAOTIC SYSTEM (1993)

Recent papers have demonstrated that synchronization in the Lorenz system is highly robust to additive perturbation of the drive signal. This property has led to a concept known as chaotic signal masking and recovery. This paper presents experiments and an approximate analytical model that quantify and explain the observed robustness of synchronization in the Lorenz system. In particular, we explain why speech and other narrowband perturbations can be recovered faithfully, even though the synchronization error is comparable in power to the message itself.
Chemical requirements for inhibition of gap junction communication by the biologically active lipid oleamide (1998)

Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid primary amide that possesses sleep-inducing properties in animals and has been shown to effect serotonergic systems and block gap junction communication in a structurally specific manner. Herein, the structural features of oleamide required for inhibition of the gap junction-mediated chemical and electrical transmission in rat glial cells are defined. The effective inhibitors fall into two classes of fatty acid primary amides of which oleamide and arachidonamide are the prototypical members. Of these two, oleamide constitutes the most effective, and its structural requirements for inhibition of the gap junction are well defined. It requires a chain length of 16-24 carbons of which 16-18 carbons appears optimal, a polarized terminal carbonyl group capable of accepting but not necessarily donating a hydrogen bond, a Delta9 cis double bond, and a hydrophobic methyl terminus. Within these constraints, a range of modifications are possible, many of which may be expected to improve in vivo properties. A select set of agents has been identified that serves both as oleamide agonists and as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase, which is responsible for the rapid inactivation of oleamide.
Role of gammadelta T cells in protecting normal airway function (2000)

Since their discovery 15 years ago, the role of gammadelta T cells has remained somewhat elusive. Responses of gammadelta T cells have been found in numerous infectious and non-infectious diseases. New evidence points to gammadelta T cells' functioning in the airways to maintain normal airway responsiveness or tone. In the lung, distinct subsets of gammadelta T cell subsets seem to have specific roles, one subset promoting allergic inflammation, the other serving a protective role.