gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrarenal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy in Experimental Renovascular Hypertension (2015)

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) leads to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Intrarenal delivery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney function in porcine RVH, and the potent anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs may serve to blunt inflammatory mediators in the cardiorenal axis. However, their relative efficacy in attenuating cardiac injury and dysfunction remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effect of EPCs and MSCs delivered into the stenotic kidney in experimental RVH are comparable. Pigs (n = 7 per group) were studied after 10 weeks of RVH or control untreated or treated with a single intrarenal infusion of autologous EPCs or MSCs 4 weeks earlier. Cardiac and renal function (fast CT) and stenotic kidney release of inflammatory mediators (ELISA) were assessed in vivo, and myocardial inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis ex vivo. After 10 weeks of RVH, blood pressure was not altered in cell-treated groups, yet stenotic kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blunted in RVH, improved in RVH + EPC, and normalized in RVH + MSCs. Stenotic kidney release of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and its myocardial expression were elevated in RVH + EPC, but normalized only in RVH + MSC pigs. RVH-induced LV hypertrophy was normalized in both EPC- and MSC-treated pigs, while diastolic function (E/A ratio) was restored to normal levels exclusively in RVH + MSCs. RVH-induced myocardial fibrosis and collagen deposition decreased in RVH + EPCs but further decreased in RVH + MSC-treated pigs. Intrarenal delivery of EPCs or MSCs attenuates RVH-induced myocardial injury, yet MSCs restore diastolic function more effectively than EPCs, possibly by greater improvement in renal function or reduction of MCP-1 release from the stenotic kidney. These observations suggest a therapeutic potential for EPCs and MSCs in preserving the myocardium in chronic experimental RVH.
Tissue damage and calcification may be independent mechanisms of bioprosthetic heart valve failure. (2001)

These results do not support the thesis that calcification stiffens glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine bioprostheses, except when the entire cusp is transformed into a solid mass of mineral. Rather, leaflet tears may develop as a result of accumulated mechanical damage that is independent of calcification.
Envelope assembly mutant of rous sarcoma virus (1980)

The properties of a novel nonconditional envelope mutant of Rous sarcoma virus, rdPN3/2-SR-D, defective in the assembly of viral glycoproteins into mature virions, are described.
Protein tyrosine kinase p59<sup><i>fyn</i></sup> is associated with the T cell receptor‐CD3 complex in functional human lymphocytes (1992)

The binding of antigen to the multicomponent T cell antigen receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex leads to the activation of several signal transduction pathways which result in T lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine secretion by molecular mechanisms and catalytic molecules as yet poorly defined. One of the earliest events that follows the triggering of the antigen-specific TcR-CD3 complex is a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, suggesting stimulation of at least one protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). Since none of the seven TcR-CD3 subunits exhibits a recognizable kinase domain, it seems likely that the receptor complex is associated with an intracellular PTK. p59fyn and the T lymphocyte-specific p56lck are two intracellular, non-receptor, cell membrane-associated PTK of the src family expressed in T lymphocytes. Here, we show by double immunofluorescence microscopy a specific co-distribution of p59fyn, but not p56lck, with antibody-induced TcR or CD3 caps in intact human T lymphocytes. These findings provide direct evidence for a significant association of p59fyn with the TcR-CD3 complex under physiologically relevant conditions in functional T lymphocytes. They suggest that p59fyn is a crucial component of the TcR signal transduction machinery and that one of the earliest consequences of antigen recognition by the TcR is p59fyn-mediated phosphorylation of intracellular substrates on tyrosine residues.
Housing R6/2 Mice with Wild-Type Littermates Increases Lifespan (2021)

The R6/2 murine model of Huntington's disease (HD) is extensively used in HD research. The current study replicates and extends previous work assessing the impact of housing R6/2 mice with healthy wild-type (WT) littermates on disease progression. The current study extends the previous finding by including male cohorts and the use of a standard diet and water regimen, as opposed to the enhanced diet used in the previous study. This study found that the inclusion of healthy wild-type (WT) littermates, alone, improved survivabilty in R6/2 mice, but did not have a significant impact on weight loss.
Cardiac metabolic adaptations in response to chronic hypoxia (2007)

Since a constant supply of oxygen is essential to sustain life, organisms have evolved multiple defence mechanisms to ensure maintenance of the delicate balance between oxygen supply and demand. However, this homeostatic balance is perturbed in response to a severe impairment of oxygen supply, thereby activating maladaptive signalling cascades that result in cardiac damage. Past research efforts have largely focused on determining the pathophysiological effects of severe lack of oxygen. By contrast, and as reviewed here, exposure to moderate chronic hypoxia may induce cardioprotective properties. The hypothesis put forward is that chronic hypoxia triggers regulatory pathways that mediate long-term cardiac metabolic remodelling, particularly at the transcriptional level. The novel proposal is that exposure to chronic hypoxia triggers (a) oxygen-sensitive transcriptional modulators that induce a switch to increased carbohydrate metabolism (fetal gene programme) and (b) enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity to sustain and increase efficiency of mitochondrial energy production. These compensatory protective mechanisms preserve contractile function despite hypoxia.
Modulation of T cell homeostasis and alloreactivity under continuous FTY720 exposure (2008)

The immunomodulator FTY720 inhibits lymph node (LN) and thymic egress, thereby constraining T cell circulation and reducing peripheral T cell numbers. Here, we analyzed in mouse models the as yet scarcely characterized impact of long-term (up to 6 months) FTY720 exposure on T cell homeostasis and possible consequences for alloreactivity. In green fluorescent protein (GFP) hemopoietic chimeras, the turnover of (initially GFP(-)) peripheral T cell pools was markedly delayed under FTY720, while normal homeostatic differences between CD4 and CD8 T cell sub-populations were retained or amplified further. Homeostatic proliferation was enhanced, and within shrinking T cell pools, the proportions of effector memory phenotype CD4 T cells (CD4T(PEM)) increased in spleens and LNs and of central memory phenotype CD8 T cells (CD8T(PCM)) in LNs. By contrast, the fractions of CD8T(PEM) and CD4T(PCM) remained stably small under FTY720. The enrichment for CD4T(PEM) and CD8T(PCM) correlated with larger proportions of IFNgamma-producing T cells upon nonspecific but not allospecific stimulation. Splenic CD4 T cells from FTY720-treated mice proliferated more strongly upon transfer to semi-allogeneic hosts. However, heart allograft survival was not compromised in FTY720 pre-treated recipients. It correlated with reduced intra-graft CD8 T cells, and the longest surviving transplants contained the highest numbers of CD4 T cells. Thus, continuous FTY720 exposure reveals differential homeostatic responses by memory phenotype CD4 and CD8 T cell sub-populations, and it may enhance alloreactive CD4 T cell proliferation and tissue infiltration without accelerating allograft rejection.
Potent, Novel in Vitro Inhibitors of the<i>Pseudomonas</i><i>a</i><i>eruginosa</i>Deacetylase LpxC (2002)

Deacetylation of uridyldiphospho-3-O-(R-hydroxydecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine by LpxC is the first committed step in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biosynthetic pathway to lipid A; homologous enzymes are found widely among Gram-negative bacteria. As an essential enzyme for which no inhibitors have yet been reported, the P. aeruginosa LpxC represents a highly attractive target for a novel antibacterial drug. We synthesized several focused small-molecule libraries, each composed of a variable aromatic ring, one of four heterocyclic/spacer moieties, and a hydroxamic acid and evaluated the LpxC inhibition of these compounds against purified P. aeruginosa enzyme. To ensure that the in vitro assay would be as physiologically relevant as possible, we synthesized a tritiated form of the specific P. aeruginosa glycolipid substrate and measured directly the enzymatically released acetate. Several of our novel compounds, predominantly those having fluorinated substituents on the aromatic ring and an oxazoline as the heterocyclic moiety, demonstrated in vitro IC(50) values less than 1 microM. We now report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of these P. aeruginosa LpxC inhibitors.
Disambiguation of References to Individuals (2005)

We study the problem of disambiguating references to named people in web data. Each name spotted online is shared by several hundred people on average, and teasing apart these references is critical for a new family of person-aware analytical applications. We present and evaluate algorithms for this problem, and give results to indicate that 25% of personal references may be successfully disambiguated with precision in excess of 95%, but larger fractions cause a significant decline in precision.
Metal-free and pH-controlled introduction of azides in proteins (2011)

Conversion of amines into azides using imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide as a diazotransfer reagent has proven to be a straightforward way to introduce targetable handles into proteins. We explored whether less toxic and milder conditions than described before could be applied. It was shown that the aqueous diazotransfer proceeds without adding Cu(II) not only at pH 11 but also at pH 8.5. The diazotransfer was shown to be selective towards a single amine.
Effect of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Gait Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (2007)

The purpose of this study was to use Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) for children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) in a clinical setting in order to determine its effectiveness in gait training for ambulation. RAS has been shown to improve gait performance in patients with significant gait deficits. All 25 participants (6 to 20 years old) had spastic CP and were ambulatory, but needed to stabilize and gain more coordinated movement. Participants were placed in three groups: the control group, the therapist-guided training (TGT) group, and the self-guided training (SGT) group. The TGT group showed a statistically significant difference in stride length, velocity, and symmetry. The analysis of the results in SGT group suggests that the self-guided training might not be as effective as therapist-guided depending on motivation level. The results of this study support three conclusions: (a) RAS does influence gait performance of people with CP; (b) individual characteristics, such as cognitive functioning, support of parents, and physical ability play an important role in designing a training application, the effectiveness of RAS, and expected benefits from the training; and (c) velocity and stride length can be improved by enhancing balance, trajectory, and kinematic stability without increasing cadence.
Temperature compensation of crystal oscillators using microcontroller-μCTCXO (2002)

The design of compensation circuit in microcontroller temperature compensated crystal oscillator (/spl mu/CTCXO) and design of production line (ACCL) for oscillator automatic calibration are presented. The communication property of /spl mu/CTCXO is introduced in order to provide automatic calibration. The shortened successive approximation algorithm gives short calibration time and reliable convergence of oscillator adjustment by the ACCL system. The /spl mu/CTCXO is realized as a low-cost device encapsulated in a single cubic inch volume. The 0.5 ppm accuracy of frequency in -40/spl deg/C/+85/spl deg/C temperature range is obtained by a 9-bit A/D converter, 10-bit D/A output and 512 bytes of software placed in an EEPROM. Including the standard laboratory frequency counter, temperature chamber and PC host computer the ACCL system requires only the additional analog multiplexer and interface board. The calibration software of 250 Kbytes is executed by the host computer. The ACCL system can compensate many oscillators simultaneously without selection of components and without human control in only one temperature run during production and exploitation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How patterned neural connections can be set up by self-organization (1976)

Abstract An important problem in biology is to explain how patterned neural connections are set up during ontogenesis. Topographically ordered mappings, found widely in nervous systems, are those in which neighbouring elements in one sheet of cells project to neighbouring elements in a second sheet. Exploiting this neighbourhood property leads to a new theory for the establishment of topographical mappings, in which the distance between two cells is expressed in terms of their similarity with respect to certain physical properties assigned to them. This topographical code can be realized in a model employing either synchronization of nervous activity or exchange of specific molecules between neighbouring cells. By means of modifiable synapses the code is used to set up a topographical mapping between two sheets with the same internal structure. We have investigated the neural activity version. Without needing to make any elaborate assumptions about its structure or about the operations its elements are to carry out we have shown that the mappings are set up in a system-to-system rather than a cell-to-cell fashion. The pattern of connections develops in a step-by-step and orderly fashion, the orientation of the mappings being laid down in the earliest stages of development.
BirdNet: A 3D Object Detection Framework from LiDAR Information (2018)

Understanding driving situations regardless the conditions of the traffic scene is a cornerstone on the path towards autonomous vehicles; however, despite common sensor setups already include complementary devices such as LiDAR or radar, most of the research on perception systems has traditionally focused on computer vision. We present a LiDAR-based 3D object detection pipeline entailing three stages. First, laser information is projected into a novel cell encoding for bird's eye view projection. Later, both object location on the plane and its heading are estimated through a convolutional neural network originally designed for image processing. Finally, 3D oriented detections are computed in a post-processing phase. Experiments on KITTI dataset show that the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art results among comparable methods. Further tests with different LiDAR sensors in real scenarios assess the multi-device capabilities of the approach.
Plasma Surface Modification of Chitosan Membranes: Characterization and Preliminary Cell Response Studies (2008)

Surface modification of biomaterials is a way to tailor cell responses whilst retaining the bulk properties. In this work, chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent casting and treated with nitrogen or argon plasma at 20 W for 10-40 min. AFM indicated an increase in the surface roughness as a result of the ongoing etching process. XPS and contact angle measurements showed different surface elemental compositions and higher surface free energy. The MTS test and direct contact assays with an L929 fibroblast cell line indicated that the plasma treatment improved the cell adhesion and proliferation. Overall, the results demonstrated that such plasma treatments could significantly improve the biocompatibility of chitosan membranes and thus improve their potential in wound dressings and tissue engineering applications.
The cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-1 is not required for association with Triton X-100-insoluble material (1994)

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans such as syndecan-1 bind various extracellular matrix proteins and have been suggested to interact with the cytoskeleton. Such interactions are thought to be important for stabilizing cell morphology. Syndecan-1 resists extraction with Triton X-100. This insolubility was reported not to be affected by removal of the glycosaminoglycan chains, suggesting that the insolubility is not due to binding to the extracellular matrix, but rather to an association with the actin cytoskeleton (Rapraeger, A., Jalkanen, M. and Bernfield, M. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 2683-2696). To examine further the interaction of syndecan-1 with the Triton X-100-insoluble residue, we expressed wild-type mouse syndecan-1 and a cytoplasmic deletion mutant (tail-less) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. We observed that both the wild-type and the tail-less syndecan-1 were partly insoluble in Triton X-100. The insolubility was not affected by increasing temperature (37 degrees C or 50 degrees C) or by cytochalasin D. Removal of the glycosaminoglycan chains from the ectodomain, however, resulted in complete Triton X-100 solubility, unlike previous reports. Syndecan-1 could also be released into the Triton X-100-soluble fraction by addition of heparin or heparan sulfate to the extraction medium. We conclude that the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-1 is not responsible for Triton X-100 insolubility. Instead, our results indicate that Triton X-100 insolubility is caused by an interaction of syndecan-1 molecules with other cellular and/or extracellular molecules mediated by the heparan sulfate chains.
Unsupervised seismic facies analysis using wavelet transform and self-organizing maps (2006)

Abstract Unsupervised seismic facies analysis provides an effective way to estimate reservoir properties by combining different seismic attributes through pattern recognition algorithms. However, without consistent geological information, parameters such as the number of facies and even the input seismic attributes are usually chosen in an empirical way. In this context, we propose two new semiautomatic alternative methods. In the first one, we use the clustering of the Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) as a new way to build seismic facies maps and to estimate the number of seismic facies. In the second method, we use wavelet transforms to identify seismic trace singularities in each geologically oriented segment, and then we build the seismic facies map using the clustering of the SOM. We tested both methods using synthetic and real seismic data from the Namorado deepwater giant oilfield in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. The results confirm that we can estimate the appropriate number of seismic facies through the clustering of the SOM. We also showed that we can improve the seismic facies analysis by using trace singularities detected by the wavelet transform technique. This workflow presents the advantage of being less sensitive to horizon interpretation errors, thus resulting in an improved seismic facies analysis.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production of influenza A virus-infected macrophages and potentiating effect of lipopolysaccharides. (1990)

Influenza A virus infections are commonly associated with symptoms that suggest involvement of TNF-alpha. In this study, we exposed human monocytes, rat alveolar macrophages, and murine PU5-1.8 macrophages to influenza A virus, strain Puerto Rico 8. We observed a productive infection that was accompanied by TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation, TNF-alpha release and subsequent cell death. TNF-alpha production was dependent on exposure to live virus, in contrast to IFN release that was also induced by UV-inactivated virus. Most strikingly, low amounts of LPS (1 to 10 ng/ml) from Escherichia coli or Haemophilus influenzae were capable of strongly potentiating TNF-alpha production from virus-infected macrophages. The potentiating effect of LPS was neither due to increased survival of macrophages nor to altered virus multiplication, enhanced TNF-alpha gene expression, discharge of intracellular TNF-alpha stores, or shifts in the kinetics of TNF-alpha release. Thus, low amounts of LPS, which could easily be present in vivo, may serve as a potent trigger signal for TNF-alpha production from macrophages that have been primed by influenza A virus infection. These data suggest that the frequently observed serious complications of combined influenza A virus and bacterial infections may be partially due to a high TNF-alpha production.
The Entorhinal Cortex Entrains Fast CA1 Hippocampal Oscillations in the Anaesthetized Guinea‐pig: Role of the Monosynaptic Component of the Perforant Path (1995)

Entorhinal inputs reach the hippocampal CA1 field through a trisynaptic circuit involving dentate granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons, as well as through a monosynaptic path ending on the distal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. The influence of monosynaptic entorhinal inputs onto CA1 operations is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the involvement of the monosynaptic pathway in the generation of the fast CA1 oscillation bursts (30-60 Hz) that occur in the dorsal hippocampus of anaesthetized guinea-pigs after partial cortex removal. Using multiple-site extracellular and intracellular recording, we found that in this particular preparation, devoid of theta rhythm, fast oscillations are temporally coherent over a large portion of the CA1 region along the hippocampal septotemporal axis. Current source density analysis revealed that fast CA1 oscillations involve two dipoles reflecting synchronous synaptic activities in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus proper and in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus. These layers constitute the two major termination zones of entorhinal afferents, suggesting that the entorhinal cortex entrains fast CA1 oscillations. This hypothesis was corroborated by the concomitant occurrence of fast oscillation bursts in the entorhinal cortex and CA1 region. Furthermore, fast CA1 oscillations were abolished by lidocaine or tetrodotoxin injections in the entorhinal cortex. Finally, acute interruption of the hippocampal trisynaptic loop did not affect the stratum lacunosum-moleculare dipole recorded extracellularly, but also intracellularly, as high-frequency postsynaptic potentials in CA1 pyramidal cells. These results indicate that the monosynaptic pathway is involved in the genesis of fast CA1 oscillations.
Emixustat Hydrochloride for Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2018)

Emixustat did not reduce the growth rate of GA in AMD. The most common adverse events were ocular in nature and likely related to the drug's mechanism of action. Data gained from this study over a 2-year period add to the understanding of the natural history of GA and the baseline characteristics affecting the growth rate of GA.