gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on antibacterial and antifungal agents. III. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-methyl-5-aryl-3-furoic acids and 2-methyl-3-imidazolylmethyl-5-aryl furans. (1987)

The synthesis and microbiological activities of 2-methyl-5-aryl-3-furoic acids and 2-methyl-3-imidazolyl-methyl-5-aryl-3-furans are reported. Antimicrobial data in comparison with pyrrolnitrin showed an interesting antifungal activity but a very poor antibacterial activity. The presence of an imidazole nucleus does not increase antifungal activity. The introduction of a substituent in the para position of the aryl at a C5 of the furan ring affects antifungal activity.
Determination of Contact Angle from Contact Area of Liquid Droplet Spreading on Solid Substrate (2007)

Both complete and incomplete wetting were considered for the spreading of liquid drops on solid substrate. The liquid droplets were silicone oil, glycerine and hexadecane and the solid substrates are glass, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Wetting was characterized by measuring the contact angle formed between the liquid drop and solid surface. Small droplets of constant volume were used for the measurements in order to minimize gravitational effects. The contact radius was obtained as a function of time by an image analysis system and used for the calculation of the contact area. The contact area was then used to determine the contact angle. The contact angles calculated from contact area are in good agreement with the experimental values.
A multiplexing method in consideration of cell delay variation (2002)

In ATM networks, generally, cell delay variation occurs between users and network nodes. This cell delay variation may cause cell clumping in a cell stream sent normally from users, so that some cells may exceed the peak rate. These cells are discarded as the cell violating the peak rate by usage parameter control on the network node. As a result, a considerable quantity of cells will be lost. To avoid this problem, the method that extends the narrowed cell interval to the peak interval by a spacer (or a shaper) has been proposed. However, this method has a drawback that cell delays increase because of extending the cell interval by force. The authors propose a multiplexing method to make up the drawback. They show that this method can suppress the cell delay variation which may cause cell clumping exceeding the peak rate. As a result, they show that the quantity of cell delays can be reduced because the spacer decreases in frequency in use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activity of Halogeno-Thiazolides against Cryptosporidium parvum in Experimentally Infected Immunosuppressed Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (2013)

Nitazoxanide and three halogeno-thiazolides, RM-4850, RM-4865, and RM-5038, were tested against Cryptosporidium parvum in experimentally infected immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils. Daily 400-mg/kg doses of the four test drugs for 5 to 8 consecutive days produced similar reductions of oocyst shedding. Using early-infected gerbils, a shorter 4-day treatment with RM-5038 reduced oocyst shedding by 95%, compared to 47% for nitazoxanide (P = 0.02), suggesting that RM-5038 is more effective than nitazoxanide under the experimental conditions used.
Ion Wind Effects in A Positive DC Corona Discharge in Atmospheric Pressure Air (2004)

Two types of electrical discharges in atmospheric pressure air plasmas are investigated. The first dis- charge investigated, a positive DC corona operating in ambient air, is used to accelerate an air flow using the ion wind effect. The flow velocity profile is measured by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and is compared with the results of a simplified model. In the second part of this paper, we give a brief progress report of our studies of high voltage nanosecond discharges repetitively pulsed at frequencies of up to 30 kHz. These discharges are applied to atmospheric pressure air at temperatures in the range 300-1000 K, in order to determine the recombination of elec- trons as a function of the gas temperature.
A formative evaluation of a staff reward and recognition programme : original research (2012)

Orientation : It is generally assumed that reward and recognition programmes have increased staff motivation and reduced staff turnover.
Research purpose : The main aim of this evaluation was to test the plausibility of the programme theory underlying a staff reward and recognition programme within a retail setting. Secondary aims were to assess whether or not the programme was implemented as intended and whether or not its outcomes were well defined.
Motivation for the study : Different groups of people may have different assumptions about whether a reward and recognition programme works or not. This evaluation was motivated by the different assumptions held by programme stakeholders, programme recipients and social science researchers regarding the programme.
Research design, approach and method : This formative evaluation used a descriptive design. Primary qualitative data were collected by means of structured interviews with the Human Resource Development (HRD) Facilitator and ten programme participants.
Main findings : The results showed that the programme theory was not plausible and that the programme was not implemented as intended. Although the HRD Facilitator and the participants agreed that the programme led to improved customer service, they disagreed about the other programme outcomes.
Practical/managerial implications : This evaluation contains practical suggestions for improving the programme theory, the programme implementation process and the redefinition of the outcomes of the programme as standard performance indicators.
Contribution/value-add : This evaluation contributed to the limited literature on the effect of reward and recognition programmes. Whilst there is a vast amount of literature pertaining to such programmes, very few formal evaluations exist about them.
Plant‐produced candidate countermeasures against emerging and reemerging infections and bioterror agents (2015)

Despite progress in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, they continue to present a major threat to public health. The frequency of emerging and reemerging infections and the risk of bioterrorism warrant significant efforts towards the development of prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures. Vaccines are the mainstay of infectious disease prophylaxis. Traditional vaccines, however, are failing to satisfy the global demand because of limited scalability of production systems, long production timelines and product safety concerns. Subunit vaccines are a highly promising alternative to traditional vaccines. Subunit vaccines, as well as monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, can be produced in heterologous expression systems based on bacteria, yeast, insect cells or mammalian cells, in shorter times and at higher quantities, and are efficacious and safe. However, current recombinant systems have certain limitations associated with production capacity and cost. Plants are emerging as a promising platform for recombinant protein production due to time and cost efficiency, scalability, lack of harboured mammalian pathogens and possession of the machinery for eukaryotic post-translational protein modification. So far, a variety of subunit vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins (antivirals) have been produced in plants as candidate countermeasures against emerging, reemerging and bioterrorism-related infections. Many of these have been extensively evaluated in animal models and some have shown safety and immunogenicity in clinical trials. Here, we overview ongoing efforts to producing such plant-based countermeasures.
Bus priority : a focus on the City of Melbourne (2022)

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Pathological image segmentation for neuroblastoma using the GPU (2008)

We present a novel use of GPUs (graphics processing units) for the analysis of histopathological images of neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer. Thanks to the advent of modern microscopy scanners, whole-slide histopathological images can now be acquired but the computational costs to analyze these images using sophisticated image analysis algorithms are usually high. In this study, we have implemented previously developed image analysis algorithms using GPUs to exploit their outstanding processing power and memory bandwidth. The resulting GPU code was contrasted and combined with a C++ implementation on a multicore CPU to maximize parallelism on emerging architectures. Our codes were tested on different classes of images, with performance gain factors about 5.6x when the execution time of a Matlab code running on the CPU is compared with a code running jointly on CPU and GPU.
Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by using selective chemical ablation of the medial globus pallidus (1999)

Chemopallidotomy using kainic acid permanently reversed the stigmata of MPTP-induced parkinsonism. By contrast, the control animals exhibited a transient recovery following intrapallidal infusion and then relapsed back to their baseline state. The use of high-flow microinfusion of selectively active toxins has the potential for treatment of Parkinson's disease and, by expanding the range of approachable targets to include large nuclei, for broad applications in clinical and experimental neuroscience.
A Reinforcement Learning Based Auto‐Scaling Approach for SaaS Providers in Dynamic Cloud Environment (2019)

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm which provides a flexible and diversified trading market for Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service (IaaS) providers, Software‐as‐a‐Service (SaaS) providers, and cloud‐based application customers. Taking the perspective of SaaS providers, they offer various SaaS services using rental cloud resources supplied by IaaS providers to their end users. In order to maximize their utility, the best behavioural strategy is to reduce renting expenses as much as possible while providing sufficient processing capacity to meet customer demands. In reality, public IaaS providers such as Amazon offer different types of virtual machine (VM) instances with different pricing models. Moreover, service requests from customers always change as time goes by. In such heterogeneous and changing environments, how to realize application auto‐scaling becomes increasingly significant for SaaS providers. In this paper, we first formulate this problem and then propose a Q‐learning based self‐adaptive renting plan generation approach to help SaaS providers make efficient IaaS facilities adjustment decisions dynamically. Through a series of experiments and simulation, we evaluate the auto‐scaling approach under different market conditions and compare it with two other resource allocation strategies. Experimental results show that our approach could automatically generate optimal renting policies for the SaaS provider in the long run.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis and Properties of Silicone Aromatic Polyesters and Silicone Aromatic Polyamides (2010)

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was used to enzymatically synthesize silicone aromatic polyesters (SAPEs) and silicone aromatic polyamides (SAPAs) in toluene under mild reaction conditions. The SAPEs were synthesized using α,ω-(dihydroxyalkyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (HAT-PDMS, molar mass Mn = 2500 g mol−1), and the SAPAs were synthesized using α,ω-(diaminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (APT-PDMS, having two different molar masses, Mn, 1000 and 4700 g mol−1, respectively). Each of the polymers was made by a transesterification reaction with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in toluene (1:2 w/v ratio of monomers to solvent) at a temperature in the range of 80−90 °C under vacuum. Toluene was employed as the solvent in order to solubilize the DMT in the reaction mixture. The methanol byproduct was recovered from the reaction mixture along with the toluene by applying vacuum, and thus the transesterification reaction was driven forward. The enzymatically synthesized polymers were characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, DSC, and TGA. Higher molar masses were obtained for the SAPEs compared to those of the SAPAs, even though similar reaction conditions were used. The thermal properties of the resulting polymers were seen to depend on the molar masses of the SAPEs and the SAPAs. Both types of polymer were found to be amorphous liquids at room temperature. However, below room temperature the SAPA samples were found to be a sticky wax-like material which contained a crystal-like phase that showed a melting endotherm by DSC analysis. The absence of a melting endotherm in the SAPEs and the relatively low melting point of the SAPAs may be attributed to the presence of long chain highly flexible PDMS segments in the polymers.
Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy of single biological cells using optical trapping and shifted excitation difference techniques (2003)

We report on the study of single biological cells with a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy system that uses optical trapping and shifted excitation Raman difference technique. A tunable diode laser was used to capture a living cell in solution, confine it in the confocal excitation volume, and then excite the Raman scattering. The optical trapping allows us to lift the cell well off the cover plate so that the fluorescence interference from the plate can be effectively reduced. In order to further remove the interference of the fluorescence and stray light from the trapped cell, we employed a shifted excitation Raman difference technique with slightly tuned laser frequencies. With this system, high-quality Raman spectra were obtained from single optically trapped biological cells including E. coli bacteria, yeast cells, and red blood cells. A significant difference between control and heat-treated E. coli B cells was observed due to the denaturation of biomolecules.
Introduction (2020)

A ‘state-centric’ view of development always tries to maximize its profit. One such impact is displacement and India is the best case study for this as large number of States in it, truly depicted the displacement scenario of the country. Two major issues emerge from the above discussions: asymmetry of information between the project authority and the development communities; and skewed participation of the development communities in the bargaining process. This chapter starts with a broader discussion on development and subsequently the different legal instruments designed by the State to achieve development. It explores the relationship between the regulatory institutions and mechanisms and its impact through interesting and relevant case studies from across the country by Bhaskar Majumder on Uttar Pradesh, K Anil Kumar on Andhra Pradesh, D C Sah and Subhra Singh Tomar on Narmada, Richa Minocha on Himachal Pradesh and Suresh Reddy on Telangana. The most important point is lack of proper dissemination of information.
The appreciation of LED-based white light sources by Dutch and Chinese people in three application areas (2018)

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in appreciation for LED-based white-light sources between Dutch and Chinese people, when used for the illumination of three applications: fresh food, packaging material and skin tone. Furthermore, the contribution of the CIE special and general colour rendering indices ( R i and R a ), a colour gamut measure ( G a ), and chroma changes for specific test-colour samples to perceived attractiveness was investigated. Thirty-four Dutch and 36 Chinese people assessed the attractiveness of the object appearance, with paired comparison experiments, for seven light sources at two CCT settings, 3000 K (Dutch and Chinese) and 4000 K (Chinese only), and a range of R a and G a values. It was found that for illuminating fresh food and packaging material, most Dutch and Chinese participants preferred light settings with an increased colour gamut. In contrast to colour rendering indices, the chroma change for the strong red test colour sample could be used to predict object attractiveness, but the established equations were different per application and culture. There was no clear relation between objective measures and skin tone preference for the Dutch study. Finally, Chinese participants did not like an increase in red saturation at 3000 K, but they allowed an increase at 4000 K.
An evaluation of grouping techniques for state dissemination in networked multi-user games (2002)

In a distributed multi-user game, entities need to communicate their state information to other entities. Usually only a subset of the game's entities are interested in information being disseminated by any particular entity. In a large scale distributed game, broadcasting messages containing each information to all participants and applying a relevance filter at the end host is wasteful in both network and processing resources. We consider techniques that address this problem by dividing the entities into groups and using multicast communication to disseminate information to the groups which would be interested in such information. We investigate two grouping strategies: cell-based grouping and entity-based grouping. Our goal is to understand the tradeoffs between grouping overhead and communication overhead and compare the cost of both strategies under various conditions.
Direct Observation of Shear-Induced Orientational Phase Coexistence in a Lyotropic System Using a Modified X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus (2001)

The second generation x-ray surface forces apparatus (XSFA-II) allows for the first time simultaneous in situ small-angle x-ray scattering and surface force measurements. We have used the XSFA-II to monitor shear-induced orientational transitions in a lyotropic model lubricant system. Upon applying small shear amplitudes (approximately 20 micrometer) to a relatively thick (approximately 800 micrometer) film, we observed evidence for the formation of an orientational boundary layer at the shearing surface. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction revealed the gradual transition to shear-favored orientation by growth of the boundary layer.
Strength and Stiffness of Porous Materials (1990)

A contribution is given to the theoretical research on nondestructive testing of porous materials like ceramics, for example. Relations (so‐called modulus of elasticity‐modulus of rupture relations) are developed between stiffness and strength considering the material‐specific pore geometry. The results presented on strength can be given a form similar to the well‐known empirical Ryshkewitch formula. This means that the “constant” in this expression can be related to porosity and pore geometry such that consistency is respected between strength and elasticity.
Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup® (2012)

We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of glyphosate-Roundup(®) on male and female albino Swiss mice. The animals were treated orally with either 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight of the herbicide, on a daily basis for a period of 15 days. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, and γ-GT and renal toxicity by urea and creatinine. We also investigated liver tissues histopathologically. Alterations of hematological parameters were monitored by RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and NPSH (non-protein thiols) were analyzed in the liver to assess oxidative damage. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) were observed for both herbicide treatments, but no considerable differences were found by histological analysis. The hematological parameters showed significant alterations (500 mg/kg body weight) with reductions of RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, together with a significant increase of MCV, in both sexes of mice. In males, there was an important increase in lipid peroxidation at both dosage levels, together with an NPSH decrease in the hepatic tissue, whereas in females significant changes in these parameters were observed only at the higher dose rate. The results of this study indicate that glyphosate-Roundup(®) can promote hematological and hepatic alterations, even at subacute exposure, which could be related to the induction of reactive oxygen species.
Elastic Scalable Cloud Computing Using Application-Level Migration (2012)

We present the Cloud Operating System (COS), a middleware framework to support autonomous workload elasticity and scalability based on application-level migration as a reconfiguration strategy. While other scalable frameworks (e.g., MapReduce or Google App Engine) force application developers to write programs following specific APIs, COS provides scalability in a general-purpose programming framework based on an actor-oriented programming language. When all executing VMs are highly utilized, COS scales a workload up by migrating mobile actors over to newly dynamically created VMs. When VM utilization drops, COS scales the workload down by consolidating actors and terminating idle VMs. Application-level migration is advantageous compared to VM migration especially in hybrid clouds in which migration costs over the Internet are critical to scale out the workloads. We demonstrate the general purpose programming approach using a tightly-coupled computation. We compare the performance of autonomous (i.e., COS-driven) versus ideal reconfiguration, as well as the impact of granularity of reconfiguration, i.e., VM migration versus application-level migration. Our results show promise for future fully automated cloud computing resource management systems that efficiently enable truly elastic and scalable general-purpose workloads.
Eradicating Yaws from India: A Summary (2015)

Yaws disease was first reported in India during ear ly 1900s. Subsequently, the disease was reported from several other parts of th e country. 1950s worldwide anti- yaws campaign reduced its incidence to a negligible level in India. But, it resurged. National Yaws Eradication Programme was launched in 1996. It achieved elimination goal in 2006. Since 2003, no new yaws case has been reported. Extensive sero- survey proved cessa tion of its transmission in the community, thereby implying that, India has eradicated yaws disease from its soil. This communication describes the ef forts taken by the country to achieve yaws eradication.
Monocytes/macrophages support mammary tumor invasivity by co-secreting lineage-specific EGFR ligands and a STAT3 activator (2013)

Our work identifies systemic markers for TAM involvement in cancer progression, with the potential to be developed into molecular targets in cancer therapy.