gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ub-ProT reveals global length and composition of protein ubiquitylation in cells (2018)

Protein ubiquitylation regulates diverse cellular processes via distinct ubiquitin chains that differ by linkage type and length. However, a comprehensive method for measuring these properties has not been developed. Here we describe a method for assessing the length of substrate-attached polyubiquitin chains, "ubiquitin chain protection from trypsinization (Ub-ProT)." Using Ub-ProT, we found that most ubiquitylated substrates in yeast-soluble lysate are attached to chains of up to seven ubiquitin molecules. Inactivation of the ubiquitin-selective chaperone Cdc48 caused a dramatic increase in chain lengths on substrate proteins, suggesting that Cdc48 complex terminates chain elongation by substrate extraction. In mammalian cells, we found that ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is rapidly modified with K63-linked tetra- to hexa-ubiquitin chains following EGF treatment in human cells. Thus, the Ub-ProT method can contribute to our understanding of mechanisms regulating physiological ubiquitin chain lengths and composition.
Numerical Study on Arc Plasma Behavior During Arc Commutation Process in Direct Current Circuit Breaker (2012)

This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of arc plasma behavior during arc commutation process in a medium-voltage direct current circuit breaker (DCCB) contact system. A three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model of air arc plasma in the contact system of a DCCB is developed, based on commercial software FLUENT. Coupled electromagnetic and gas dynamic interactions are considered as usual, and a thin layer of nonlinear electrical resistance elements is used to represent the voltage drop of plasma sheath and the formation of new arc root. The distributions of pressure, temperature, gas flow and current density of arc plasma in arc region are calculated. The simulation results indicate that the pressure distribution related to the contact system has a strong effect on the arc commutation process, arising from the change of electrical conductivity in the arc root region. In DCCB contact system, the pressure of arc root region will be concentrated and higher if the space above the moving contact is enclosed, which is not good for arc root commutation. However, when the region is opened, the pressure distribution would be lower and more evenly, which is favorable for the arc root commutation.
High efficiency nanostructured thin film solar cells for energy harvesting (2016)

Thin-film III-V materials are an attractive candidate material for solar energy harvesting devices capable of supplying portable and mobile power in both terrestrial and space environments. Nanostructured quantum well and quantum dot solar cells are being widely investigated as a means of extending infrared absorption and enhancing photovoltaic device performance. In this paper, we will review recent progress on realizing high-voltage InGaAs/GaAs quantum well solar cells that operate at or near the radiative limit of performance. These high-voltage nanostructured device designs provide a pathway to enhance the performance of existing device technologies, and can also be leveraged for next-generation solar cells.
Transcoding based robust streaming of compressed video (2009)

A variety of techniques have been proposed to enhance the error robustness of the video streaming system. However, most of them improves the error resilience during compression rather than after compression. In this paper, we propose a novel transcoding based scheme called lossless inter frame transcoding (LIFT) scheme to improve the error resilience of existing compressed video stream. In the LIFT scheme, inter coded blocks are selectively transcoded into new kind of blocks called ‘L-block’. At the decoder, the L-block can be transcoded back to the original P-block when the prediction is available and can also be robustly decoded as I-block when the prediction is unavailable. By offline transcoding and online adjusting the ratio of P-blocks and L-blocks, the proposed streaming server achieves error robustness scalability. Experimental results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Electroluminescent Textile for Therapeutic Applications (2016)

Alternating-current (AC) electroluminescent (EL) devices on fabrics with high brightness are presented. The EL-devices were fabricated via knife coating; inorganic luminous pigments are based on zinc sulfide. Effects of parameters influencing the brightness were investigated. These parameters are the AC-voltage, AC-frequency, AC-waveform, layer composition of the luminous capacitor and the fabric. Introducing a flexible reflecting dielectric layer enhances the light yield on fine woven fabrics with green luminous pigment. This can be achieved with small concentrations of reflective white pigments such as titanium dioxide, maintaining the flexibility and bendability of the textile substrate. The produced luminous textiles are investigated as a possible replacement for light boxes used in the therapy of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). A high luminous emittance and a high portion of short and energy rich wavelengths are necessary for the treatment. Contrarily to state-of-the-art light boxes a higher acceptance of light therapy is expected, because a luminous textile can be integrated easily and unremarkably into the living environment.
The Rippled-Field Magnetron (Cross-Field Free Electron Laser) (1985)

Millimeter-wave emission from the rippled-field magnetron (cross-field free electron laser (FEL)) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this device, electrons move in quasi-circular orbits under the combined action of a radial electric field, a uniform axial magnetic field, and a radial azimuthally periodic wiggler magnetic field. In excess of 300 kW of RF power is observed in two narrow spectral lines whose frequency can be tuned continuously from ~25 to ~50 GHz by variation of the axial magnetic field. The observations are interpreted as a FEL type of instability, associated with a resonance in the particle motion of a layer of electrons embedded in the dense spacecharge cloud. The resonance is shown to occur when 2kwυ0 ≈ (Ω>0/γ0) √1 -(ωp/γ0)2, where kw is the wiggler wavenumber, υ0 is the azimuthal electron velocity, Ω0 is the relativistic cyclotron frequency in the axial magnetic field, wp is the relativistic plasma frequency, and γ0 = [1 - (υ0/c)2]-1/2 of the resonant electron layer.
Ceramic laser materials (2011)

Ceramic laser materials have come a long way since the first demonstration of lasing in 1964. Improvements in powder synthesis and ceramic sintering as well as novel ideas have led to notable achievements. These include the first Nd:YAG ceramic laser in 1995, breaking the 1 KW mark in 2002 and then the remarkable demonstration of more than 100 KW output power from a YAG ceramic laser system in 2009. Additional developments have included highly doped microchip lasers, ultrashort pulse lasers, novel materials such as sesquioxides, fluoride ceramic lasers, selenide ceramic lasers in the 2 to 3 μm region, composite ceramic lasers for better thermal management, and single crystal lasers derived from polycrystalline ceramics. This paper highlights some of these notable achievements.
Rectangular loop antenna for circular polarization (1996)

Abstract It is shown here that a rectangular unloaded one wavelength loop antenna works as a circularly polarized antenna. Its operating principle is presented. The current distribution on the loop of this antenna can be controlled by the ratio of the major and minor sides. It is a single‐feed antenna with the simplest configuration. The current distribution of this antenna can be decomposed to the traveling wave mode currents for the forward and backward waves. Based on this fact, the condition for the circular polarization is derived in terms of the current value at the center of each side of the loop and the effective length. Based on the investigation of the realization method for this condition, a circularly polarized antenna off‐center‐fed at a corner of the loop was actually designed and the various characteristics, such as axial ratio and the directivity, were derived. From this study, it is found that a good circular polarization can be obtained with the antenna height within a range near 0.13λ from the reflector. Validity of the theoretical results is confirmed by experiment.
<i>Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus</i> Infection in a Horse from California (2002)

A yearling quarter horse, which was raised in southern California, received routine vaccinations for prevention of infection by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). One week later, severe neurologic signs developed, and the horse was humanely destroyed. A vaccine-related encephalomyelitis was later suspected. A final diagnosis of EEEV infection was established on the basis of acute onset of the neurologic signs, histopathologic and serologic testing, and isolation and molecular characterization of EEEV from brain tissue. The vaccine was extensively tested for viral inactivation. Nucleotide sequences from the vaccine and the virus isolated in the affected horse were also compared. In California, arboviral encephalomyelitides are rarely reported, and EEEV infection has not previously been documented. This report describes the occurrence of EEEV infection in the horse and the investigation to determine the source of infection, which was not definitively identified.
Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment of nanodiamond on the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene-based nanocomposite coating (2023)

Carbon atom recombination and etching of the surface of nanodiamond (ND) by hydrogen plasma and their effects on the dispersion and the tribological properties of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposite coating were investigated. The surface-modified ND samples subjected to plasma treatment were characterized using FESEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and XPS. The results showed that the plasma treatment facilitates etching and recombination of the ND surface and modifies the crystallinity of the graphitic amorphous carbon. The tribological properties of the PTFE-based nanocomposite coatings prepared with the modified ND depended on the content of sp3-bonded carbon on the surface and the crystallinity of the ND. Hydrogen plasma treatment caused a significant improvement in the dispersion and tribological properties of the PTFE/ND nanocomposite coating due to surface modification of the ND.
Fertility-associated antigen on bull sperm indicates fertility potential. (1998)

A 30-kDa heparin-binding protein named fertility-associated antigen (FAA) was identified in sperm membranes of beef bulls with greater fertility potential. In a survey of 2,191 beef bulls, 88% had FAA present in sperm membranes (FAA-positive), and 12% were FAA-negative. In the first study, 54 Santa Gertrudis and 51 Santa Cruz bulls were grouped (1 to 14 bulls per group) according to FAA profiles and were bred to 2,403 cows at ratios of 1 bull: 25 cows. Fertility for 14 groups of FAA-positive bulls averaged 88%, whereas three groups of FAA-negative bulls impregnated 79% of the cows. Thus, FAA-positive bulls were nine percentage points more (P < .01) fertile than FAA-negative bulls. In the second study, 2-yr-old Santa Cruz bulls (n = 26) were grouped according to FAA profiles and serving capacity. The fertility of the group of 12 high-serving-capacity, FAA-positive bulls was 87% of 270 cows. The group of six FAA-negative bulls with high serving capacity impregnated 78% of 143 cows. Among the groups of bulls with high serving capacity, FAA-positive bulls were nine percentage points more (P < .05) fertile than FAA-negative bulls. The group of eight FAA-positive bulls with low serving capacity impregnated the least (P < .01) percentage (69%) of 238 cows. Serving capacity of bulls should be considered when optimizing fertility potential. Among bulls with acceptable physical characteristics and serving capacity, determination of FAA profiles in sperm can be used as a tool to identify subfertile bulls.
Biomechanical and Physiological Evaluation of Multi-Joint Assistance With Soft Exosuits (2016)

To understand the effects of soft exosuits on human loaded walking, we developed a reconfigurable multi-joint actuation platform that can provide synchronized forces to the ankle and hip joints. Two different assistive strategies were evaluated on eight subjects walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.25 m/s with a 23.8 kg backpack: 1) hip extension assistance and 2) multi-joint assistance (hip extension, ankle plantarflexion and hip flexion). Results show that the exosuit introduces minimum changes to kinematics and reduces biological joint moments. A reduction trend in muscular activity was observed for both conditions. On average, the exosuit reduced the metabolic cost of walking by 0.21 ±0.04 and 0.67 ±0.09 W/kg for hip extension assistance and multi-joint assistance respectively, which is equivalent to an average metabolic reduction of 4.6% and 14.6%, demonstrating that soft exosuits can effectively improve human walking efficiency during load carriage without affecting natural walking gait. Moreover, it indicates that actuating multiple joints with soft exosuits provides a significant benefit to muscular activity and metabolic cost compared to actuating single joint.
Printing on a Post Processor Using UP<sup>3</sup>I in an AFP Environment (2004)

In a complex high-end printing environment, some applications require that some (special) data be printed on a post processor. This paper will discuss a new architecture which uses the Universal Printer Pre- and Post-Processing Interface (UP3I) Print Data interface to print objects on a post processor in Advanced Function Printing (AFP) environments.Two data streams are involved:• Data is passed from the host (application) to the printer using AFP object containers.• Data is passed from the printer to the post processor using a new extension of the UP3I interface.The printer control unit must convert from one format to the other. It must also translate locations for the post processor.As an example, an application might print most of its data on a black/white printer and add highlight color, invisible ink, or MICR toner to the page using a post processor. The capability of each post processor can vary and the data format and control required will be different.The architecture has been defined to allow for this variability. In the AFP environment, the format of the data is hidden within the AFP object container and does not need to be understood by the print server or printer.
Localization by nonlinear phase preparation and <i>k</i>‐space trajectory design (2011)

A technique is described to localize MR signals from a target volume using nonlinear pulsed magnetic fields and spatial encoding trajectories designed using local k-space theory. The concept of local k-space is outlined theoretically, and this principle is applied to simulated phantom and cardiac MRI data in the presence of surface and quadrupolar gradient coil phase modulation. Phantom and in vivo human brain images are obtained using a custom, high-performance quadrupolar gradient coil integrated with a whole-body 3-T MRI system to demonstrate target localization using three-dimensional T 2*-weighted spoiled gradient echo, two-dimensional segmented, multiple gradient encoded spin echo, and three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession acquisitions. This method may provide a practical alternative to selective radiofrequency excitation at ultra-high-field, particularly for steady-state applications where repetition time (TR) must be minimized and when the amount of energy deposited in human tissues is prohibitive. There are several limitations to the approach including the spatial variation in resolution, high frequency aliasing artifacts, and spatial variation in echo times and contrast.
A single-vector force calibration method featuring the modern design of experiments (2001)

This paper proposes a new concept in force balance calibration. An overview of the state-of-the-art in force balance calibration is provided with emphasis on both the load application system and the experimental design philosophy. Limitations of current systems are detailed in the areas of data quality and productivity. A unique calibration loading system integrated with formal experimental design techniques has been developed and designated as the Single-Vector Balance Calibration System (SVS). This new concept addresses the limitations of current systems. The development of a quadratic and cubic calibration design is presented. Results from experimental testing are compared and contrasted with conventional calibration systems. Analyses of data are provided that demonstrate the feasibility of this concept and provide new insights into balance calibration.
Noncritically Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation of a Nd:YAG Laser in GdYCOB Crystal (2001)

A nonlinear optical crystal, GdxY1−xCa4O(BO3)3 (x=0.275), is noncritically phase matchable for third-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser by type I mixing between 1.064 and 0.532 µm at room temperature. We found that this crystal is also noncritically phase matchable for type II second-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser along the same direction. The characteristic properties of second-harmonic generation are reported in this paper.
Development of a takeoff performance monitoring system (1987)

The development and testing of a real-time takeoff performance monitoring system is discussed. The algorithm is madeup of two segments: a pretakeoff segment and a real-time segment. One-time inputs of ambient conditions and airplane configuration information are used in the pretakeoff segment to generate schedule performance data for that takeoff. The real-time segment uses the scheduled performance data generated in the pretakeoff segment, runway length data, and measured parameters to monitor the performance of the airplane throughout the takeoff roll. Airplane and engine performance deficiencies are detected and annunciated. An important feature of this algorithm is the one-time estimation of the runway rolling friction coefficient. The algorithm was tested using a six degree of freedom airplane model in a computer simulation. Results from a series of sensitivity analysis are also included.
Potential Flow Model of a Plasma Actuator as a Lift Enhancement Device (2005)

This paper presents a first-order approach to modeling the effect of Plasma Actuators (i.e., asymmetric, Single Dielectric Barrier Discharge devices) using a potential-flow model. In particular, the plasma actuator’s characteristics that the flow appears to be drawn into the actuator (sink-like behavior) and jetted from the actuator in the asymmetry direction (source-like behavior) suggested the use of a doublet as a mimic for the actuator. To these characteristics was added the fact that a “fixed” actuator (i.e., fixed actuator geometry, ac voltage amplitude, frequency and waveform) adds a fixed amount of directed momentum to the local flow. The doublet model was incorporated into a Smith-Hess panel code as a “plasma panel” and an objective approach was developed to “calibrate” the doublet strength. The model was shown to duplicate experimental data documenting the change in wing-section lift characteristics due to applying plasma actuators.
A preclinical system for focused microwave thermal therapy with integrated real-time 3D microwave thermal monitoring (2014)

The use of focused microwave thermal therapy as an adjuvant to radiatior and chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment continues to be an active a of research with the aim of reducing local recurrence, as well as reducing harmful side effects and cosmetic harm of traditional treatments. With it, there is a clinical need for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of subcutaneous heat deposition.
Orthogonally polarized frequency comb generation from a Kerr comb via cross-phase modulation (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate that a single microresonator can emit two orthogonally polarized individually coherent combs: (i) a strong polarized soliton comb and (ii) an orthogonally polarized continuous wave seeded weaker comb, generated from the first one via cross-phase modulation, sharing the repetition rate of the soliton comb. Experimental results show that the power of the transverse electric-polarized seed can be well below the threshold of comb generation (e.g., 0.1 mW). In addition, simulations show that a dark pulse could be generated in the anomalous dispersion regime by a bright soliton when the two orthogonally polarized modes have the same group velocity in the microresonator.
Selection and Performance of Bacterial Strains for Biologically Controlling Fusarium Dry Rot of Potatoes Incited by<i>Gibberella pulicaris</i> (1994)

The microbiota from 29 different agricultural soils were individually transferred to separate samples of γ irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm. After incubation, the samples (chemically, physically, and nutritionally similar but microbiologically dissimilar) were assayed for biological suppressiveness to Fusarium dry rot using a whole-tuber/infested-soil assay. Over 350 isolates of bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes were recovered from tubers and soil associated with the five most suppressive soil samples. In three of four soils assayed, periderm amendment increased suppressiveness over that in the same soil without the amendment
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Binary Toxin Is Recognized by the Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Heterodimer to Induce a Nuclear Factor-κB Response (2020)

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant burden on the health care system, one that is exacerbated by the emergence of binary toxin (CDT)-producing hypervirulent C. difficile strains. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes CDT to induce inflammation. Here we explore the interactions of CDT with TLR2 and the impact on host immunity during CDI. We found that the TLR2/6 heterodimer, not TLR2/1, is responsible for CDT recognition, and that gene pathways including nuclear factor-κB and MAPK downstream of TLR2/6 are upregulated in mice with intact TLR2/6 signaling during CDI.
Multiuser Mercury/waterfilling for Downlink OFDM with Arbitrary Signal Constellations (2006)

This paper formulates the power allocation policy that maximizes the region of mutual informations achievable in multiuser downlink OFDM channels. Arbitrary partitioning of the available tones among users and arbitrary modulation formats, possibly different for every user, are considered. The policy, derived for slowly fading channels tracked by the base station, adopts the form of a multiuser mercury/waterfilling procedure that generalizes the single-user mercury/waterfilling