gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ejection Period: Measuring Beta‐adrenergic Influences Upon the Heart (1979)

ABSTRACT Increasing interest among psychophysiologists in sympathetic (beta‐adrenergic) influences upon the heart has created the need for noninvasive techniques for assessing these influences. The validity of pre‐ejection period (PEP), a systolic time interval, as a measure of beta‐adrenergic influences upon myocardial contractility is evaluated. Details of a procedure for determining PEP using a polygraph and digital computer are presented. This methodology is then applied to an experiment in which the intracardiac (PEP) and arterial subintervals of pulse transmission time (PTT) are measured during biofeedback‐assisted control of PTT in order to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in PEP to PTT control.
An MR Transceive Phased Array Designed for Spinal Cord Imaging at 3 Tesla: Preliminary Investigations of Spinal Cord Imaging at 3 T (2003)

A 3 Tesla transceive phased array has been developed that demonstrates the feasibility of spinal cord imaging at high fields. The phased array includes transmit/receive switches, a power distribution network, and 4 coil elements arranged for specific anatomies. Images demonstrating anatomy of the spinal cord and posterior spine were presented. Simulations were performed to predict B(1) field and SAR, with SAR values found to be within Food and Drug Administration limits for the pulse sequences that were used.
Molecular thermodynamics of water in direct-buried power cables (2006)

The balance of this article examines what actually happens to water within a direct-buried cable throughout the day and year as the cable temperature, the soil temperature, the water content of the soil vary. Water, which is almost present at 100% relative humidity at the typical 1 meter burial depth of direct-buried power cables, moves very quickly through any polymeric layers
Product positioning based on search, experience and credence attributes using conjoint analysis (2006)

Purpose Using the framework of search attributes, experience attributes, credence attributes and conjoint analysis methodology, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the utilities of various attributes that may be used in positioning teeth‐whitening products. In addition, this research also investigates the role of “penny‐a‐day” (pricing in cents) versus full pricing. Third, disclosure of side‐effects that may result from using these products (an important health care issue) and its impact on consumer choice are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The study uses conjoint analysis to estimate the utilities of key attributes of teeth‐whitening products. Findings The results reveal that consumers prefer a product that provides benefits lasting for several months after use, a product that does not result in any side‐effects and a slight preference for penny‐a‐day pricing approach. Research limitations/implications Caution is advised in extrapolating the results beyond the range investigated in the study. Practical implications The findings help marketers in designing new products and positioning teeth‐whitening products based on desirable attributes. Originality/value Use of conjoint analysis in investigating the above issues (penny‐a‐day pricing, disclosure of side‐effects) has received limited attention in teeth‐whitening products.
Doppler-Free Spectroscopy Based on Phase Conjugation by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing in Hollow Cathode Discharge (1987)

Optical phase conjugation in the hollow cathode lamp by degnerate four-wave mixing is a novel analytical laser spectroscopic method in which a laser beam is generated as the signal beam. With the use of a demountable hollow cathode discharge cell and a continuous-wave dye laser, the signal beam is clearly visible to the naked eye when 1 µg of sodium is placed inside the cathode cavity. Since the signal beam is a time-reversed replica of the probe laser beam, highly efficient optical signal detection can be performed with minimum optical background noise. Since the signal is Doppler-free with negligible Lorentzian broadening (30 Torr discharge pressure), it provides excellent spectral resolution. Sodium D 2 hyperfine lines of 3s 2 S 1/2 ( F' = 2) → 3p 2 P 3/2 ( F = 3) and 3s 2 S 1/2 ( F' = 1) → 3p 2 P 3/2 ( F = 0) were resolved. In addition to excellent spectral resolution and ease of signal detection, the technique also offers unique properties of optical phase conjugation.
From the “missing self” hypothesis to adaptive NK cells: Insights of NK cell-mediated effector functions in immune surveillance (2019)

The original discovery of NK cells approximately 40 yr ago was based on their unique capability to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization or priming, a process named natural cytotoxicity. Since then, several studies have documented that NK cells can kill hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cancer cells. NK cells also recognize and kill cells that have undergone viral infections. Besides natural cytotoxicity, NK cells are also major effectors of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Therefore, NK cells are well "armed" to recognize and mount immune responses against "insults" that result from cell transformation and viral infections. Because of these attributes, an essential role of NK cells in tumor surveillance was noted. Indeed, several studies have shown a correlation between impaired NK cell cytotoxicity and a higher risk of developing cancer. This evidence led to the idea that cancer initiation and progress is intimately related to an abnormal or misdirected immune response. Whereas all these ideas remain current, it is also true that NK cells represent a heterogeneous population with different abilities to secrete cytokines and to mediate cytotoxic functions. In addition, recent data has shown that NK cells are prone to suffer epigenetic modifications resulting in the acquisition of previously unrecognized attributes such as memory and long-term survival. Such NK cells, referred as "adaptive" or "memory-like," also display effector functions that are not necessarily equal to those observed in conventional NK cells. Given the new evidence available, it is essential to discuss the conceptual reasoning and misconceptions regarding the role of NK cells in immune surveillance and immunotherapy.
Forward–Backward Stochastic Neural Networks: Deep Learning of High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations (2023)

Classical numerical methods for solving partial differential equations suffer from the curse of dimensionality mainly due to their reliance on meticulously generated spatio-temporal grids. Inspired by modern deep learning-based techniques for solving forward and inverse problems associated with partial differential equations, we circumvent the tyranny of numerical discretization by devising an algorithm that is scalable to high dimensions. In particular, we approximate the unknown solution by a deep neural network which essentially enables us to benefit from the merits of automatic differentiation. To train the aforementioned neural network, we leverage the well-known connection between high-dimensional partial differential equations and forward–backward stochastic differential equations. In fact, independent realizations of a standard Brownian motion will act as training data. We test the effectiveness of our approach for a couple of benchmark problems spanning a number of scientific domains, including Black–Scholes–Barenblatt and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations, both in 100 dimensions.
A Closed-Form Solution for the Perfornance Analysis of Multiple-Bus Multiprocessor Systems (1984)

A closed-form solution for the performance analysis of multiple-bus multiprocessor systems is presented. A Markovian queueing network model has been developed to investigate the effects of memory and bus contentions on the system performance. The symmetrical structure of the Markov chains of the queueing model makes it possible to demonstrate that the local balance is satisfied. Consequently, the probabilities of the states of Markov chains can be expressed by simple formulas. Processing efficiency is used as a performance measure. However, this method is easily extendable to other performance measures. To investigate the effects of the system design parameters on the multiprocessor system performance, comparative results have been obtained for a large family of multiprocessor configurations from unibus to bus-sufficient systems.
Reduced diameter optical fibers for high-density interconnects (2018)

Data centers (DCs) are continually striving to meet the challenge of delivering more bandwidth, and a key part of that endeavor will be the deployment of higher capacity interconnects. Proposed technologies for achieving this higher capacity include higher line rates, advanced modulation formats, wavelength division multiplexing, spatial division multiplexing and reduced diameter fibers. In this paper, we focus on reduced diameter fibers that can be incorporated into higher density cables and connectors. We have prototyped optical fibers in which the glass diameter is 80 microns and the coating diameter has been reduced to as small as 125 microns. These fibers enable up to twice as many optical interconnects in a given footprint, which will allow transceiver arrays to be collinearly located on small chips with dimensions on the order of (5x5mm<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1</sup>. We have also incorporated these reduced diameter fibers into small form-factor, flexible 8-fiber ribbons which can enable as much as a 3x increase in fiber density and can simplify routing constraints inside modules and optical backplanes.
Favipiravir antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model (2021)

Despite no or limited pre-clinical evidence, repurposed drugs are massively evaluated in clinical trials to palliate the lack of antiviral molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Here we use a Syrian hamster model to assess the antiviral efficacy of favipiravir, understand its mechanism of action and determine its pharmacokinetics. When treatment is initiated before or simultaneously to infection, favipiravir has a strong dose effect, leading to reduction of infectious titers in lungs and clinical alleviation of the disease. Antiviral effect of favipiravir correlates with incorporation of a large number of mutations into viral genomes and decrease of viral infectivity. Antiviral efficacy is achieved with plasma drug exposure comparable with those previously found during human clinical trials. Notably, the highest dose of favipiravir tested is associated with signs of toxicity in animals. Thereby, pharmacokinetic and tolerance studies are required to determine whether similar effects can be safely achieved in humans.
Steroid hydroxylation by human fetal CYP3A7 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase coexpressed in insect cells using baculovirus. (1998)

Human fetal CYP3A7 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase were coexpressed in insect cells, TN-5, infected with a recombinant baculovirus carrying both cDNAs. The expression of reductase in TN-5 cells was shown to be sufficient for the CYP3A7 dependent 16 alpha-hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone. However, the extra addition of cytochrome b5 and phospholipid was necessary to obtain a maximal activity of CYP3A7 catalyzing the reaction. CYP3A7 expressed in TN-5 cells was capable of metabolizing testosterone, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate as well as dehydroepiandrosterone. The apparent Vmax for 6 beta-hydroxylations of testosterone was similar to that obtained for 6 beta-hydroxylation of cortisol (2.9 versus 2.5 nmol/nmolP450/min). In contrast, the apparent Vmax for 16 alpha-hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone and its 3-sulfate were 20 and 2 times greater than those observed for steroid 6 beta-hydroxylations, respectively (67.5 and 5.8 versus 2.5-2.9 nmol/nmol P450/min). On the other hand, the apparent K(m) for 6 beta-hydroxylations of testosterone and cortisol were greater than those for 16 alpha-hydroxylations (120 and 860 versus 46-58 microM). Thus, CYP3A7 was active for steroid 6 beta-hydroxylations and 16 alpha-hydroxylations, but there were greater differences in Vmax/K(m) ratios between these reactions.
A Three-Dimensional Inverse Method for Turbomachinery: Part I—Theory (1990)

There are surprisingly few inverse methods described in the literature that are truly three dimensional. Here, one such method is presented. This technique uses as input a prescribed distribution of the mean swirl, i.e., radius times mean tangential velocity, given throughout the meridional section of the machine. In the present implementation the flow is considered inviscid and incompressible and is assumed irrotational at the inlet to the blade row. In order to evaluate the velocity field inside the turbomachine, the blades (supposed infinitely thin) are replaced by sheets of vorticity, whose strength is related to the specified mean swirl. Some advice on the choice of a suitable mean swirl distribution is given. In order to assess the usefulness of the present procedure, it was decided to apply it to the design of an impeller for a low-speed radial-inflow turbine. The results of the tests are described in the second part of this paper.
An introduction to the mathematics and methods of astrodynamics (1987)

Part 1 Hypergeometric Functions and Elliptic Integrals: Some Basic Topics In Analytical Dynamics The Problem of Two Bodies Two-Body Orbits and the Initial-Value Problem Solving Kepler's Equation Two-Body Orbital Boundary Value Problem Solving Lambert's Problem Appendices. Part 2 Non-Keplerian Motion: Patched-Conic Orbits and Perturbation Methods Variation of Parameters Two-Body Orbital Transfer Numerical Integration of Differential Equations The Celestial Position Fix Space Navigation Appendices.
Fusion-Based Feature Attention Gate Component for Vehicle Detection Based on Event Camera (2021)

In the field of autonomous vehicles, various heterogeneous sensors, such as LiDAR, Radar, camera, etc, are combined to improve the vehicle ability of sensing accuracy and robustness. Multi-modal perception and learning has been proved to be an effective method to help vehicle understand the nature of complex environments. Event camera is a bio-inspired vision sensor that captures dynamic changes in the scene and filters out redundant information with high temporal resolution and high dynamic range. These characteristics of the event camera make it have a certain application potential in the field of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we introduce a fully convolutional neural network with feature attention gate component (FAGC) for vehicle detection by combining frame-based and event-based vision. Both grayscale features and event features are fed into the feature attention gate component (FAGC) to generate the pixel-level attention feature coefficients to improve the feature discrimination ability of the network. Moreover, we explore the influence of different fusion strategies on the detection capability of the network. Experimental results demonstrate that our fusion method achieves the best detection accuracy and exceeds the accuracy of the method that only takes single-mode signal as input.
Plasma distribution of apoA-IV in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls (2003)

Recent studies showed lower apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) plasma concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The actual distribution of the antiatherogenic apoA-IV in human plasma, however, is discussed controversially and it was never investigated in CAD patients. We therefore developed a gentle technique to separate the various apoA-IV-containing plasma fractions. Using a combination of precipitation of all lipoproteins with 40% phosphotungstic acid and 4 M MgCl2, as well as immunoprecipitation of all apoA-I-containing particles with an anti-apoA-I antibody, we obtained three fractions of apoA-IV: lipid-free apoA-IV (about 4% of total apoA-IV), apoA-IV associated with apoA-I (LpA-I:A-IV, 12%), and apoA-I-unbound but lipoprotein-containing apoA-IV (LpA-IV, 84%). We compared these three apoA-IV fractions between 52 patients with a history of CAD and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients had significantly lower apoA-IV levels when compared to controls (10.28 +/- 3.67 mg/dl vs. 11.85 +/- 2.82 mg/dl, P = 0.029), but no major differences for the three plasma apoA-IV fractions. We conclude that our gentle separation method reveals a different distribution of apoA-IV than in many earlier studies. No major differences exist in the apoA-IV plasma distribution pattern between CAD patients and controls. Therefore, the antiatherogenic effect of apoA-IV has to be explained by other functional properties of apoA-IV (e.g., the antioxidative characteristics).
Comparison of DNA delivery systems for vaccination against intracellular bacteria (2004)

Die Listeriose ist eine akute Infektion, und die Immunantwort wird durch CD4+ Th1 Zellen und CD8+ zytotoxische T Zellen vermittelt. Der Infektionsschutz wird überwiegend durch CD8+ getragen, die mit zwei immundominanten Antigenen, LLO und p60, reagieren. Verschiedene Studien haben gezeigt, dass DNA Impfungen sowohl CD8+ T Zell- als auch CD4+ T-Zell-Antworten erzeugen, aber die geringe Effizienz der DNA aufnahme ist einer der Nachteile von DNA-Impfungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, durch den Vergleich verschiedener DNA Trägersysteme das effektivste System zu identifizieren, und die erhobenen Resultate auf die Tuberkulose-Impfung zu übertragen. Ich habe BALB/c Mäuse mit 100 µg reiner DNA, die p60, Wildtyp LLO oder mutiertes, nicht hämolytisches LLO unter der Kontrolle eines CMV Promotors kodiert, geimpft, oder mit 10 µg DNA zusammen mit 10 µg VLP, 12 µg TmHU, oder 1 mg PLG. Die Impfung mit reiner, für mutiertes LLO kodierender DNA schützte die Mäuse effizient gegen L. monocytogenes, aber keines der untersuchten Transportsysteme verbesserte die Effizienz der DNA Impfung (10 mg) verglichen mit der Gabe von 100 µg reiner DNA. IFN-g sezernierende CD8+ Milzzellen, die auf das LLO91-99 Peptid reagierten, wurden durch ELISpot Tests bestimmt, und MHC Klasse I-restringierte, LLO91-99 Peptid-spezifische CD8+ Milzzellen mittels Tetramer Färbung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass modifiziertes LLO ein wirkungsvoller Impfstoff-Kandidat gegen L. monocytogenes ist, und dass dieser DNA-Impfstoff antigen-spezifische Immunantworten induziert. Weitere Optimierung ist jedoch notwendig, bevor DNA-Impfstoff-Träger-Systeme eingesetzt werden können. DNA-Impfung mit dem Antigen Rv3407 erzeugte Schutz gegen Aerosol-Infektion mit M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Die Mäuse wurden mit 100 µg DNA durch drei i. m. Injektionen in dreiwöchigen Intervallen geimpft. DNA Impfung mit den Antigenen Rv1511 oder Rv3407 induzierte IFN-g sekretierende CD8+ Milzzellen, die auf die Peptide der putativen dominanten Epitope von Rv1511 und Rv3407 reagierten, wie durch ELISpot Test nachgewiesen. Die DNA Impfung induzierte auch MHC Klasse I-restringierte, epitopspezifische CD8+ Milzzellen, die mittels FACS Analyse mit Rv1511 Peptid/H-2Kd Tetrameren bestimmt wurden. Eine Impfung mit 10 µg Rv3407 DNA, die auf PLG aufgebracht war, induzierte Protektion. Diese Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass ein DNA-Impfstoff, welcher ein M. tuberculosis-spezifisches Gen kodiert, antigen-spezifischen Schutz gegenüber M. tuberculosis vermitteln kann, jedoch einer weiteren Optimierung bedarf.
Eye gaze detection system for impaired user GUI control (2017)

Gaze point, or point of regard, refers to the point in space where an individual's visual attention is focused. Estimating gaze point at a given time can provide a host of information pertaining to intention and perception of a scene. This information can be applied toward enhancement of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), making such interfaces more smooth and efficient. For the population with limited or no mobility, a gaze point estimation system that accurately selects components of a computer application is extremely beneficial. Herein, a custom gaze point detection HW/SW system intended to allow the mobility hindered population the ability to control selection in a computer interface via gaze is presented. The principles of the image difference method for pupil detection, coupled with glint detection and calibration were implemented for an accurate, occlusion-immune estimation of gaze point in real-time. Under the ideal scenario of static head pose and lighting environment, the system was accurate to 1.05°. The gaze estimator tolerated small 1.5 inch head translations and over two orders of magnitude change in ambient illuminance, while sacrificing less than 1° of accuracy.
Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Gold Nanoparticles as Potential Molecular Probes for Light‐Based Imaging Techniques (2007)

We have synthesized and characterized gold nanoparticles (spheres and rods) with optical extinction bands within the "optical imaging window." The intense plasmon resonant driven absorption and scattering peaks of these nanoparticles make them suitable as contrast agents for optical imaging techniques. Further, we have conjugated these gold nanoparticles to a mouse monoclonal antibody specific to HER2 overexpressing SKBR3 breast carcinoma cells. The bioconjugation protocol uses noncovalent modes of binding based on a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of the antibody and the gold surface. We discuss various aspects of the synthesis and bioconjugation protocols and the characterization results of the functionalized nanoparticles. Some proposed applications of these potential molecular probes in the field of biomedical imaging are also discussed.
On-line scheduling of hard real-time tasks on variable voltage processor (1998)

We consider the problem of schtifing the mixed worMoad of both sporadic (on-fine) and periodic (off-fine) tasks on variable voltage processor to optimize power consumption while ensuring that periodic tasks meet their destines and to accept as many sporadic tasks, which can be guaranteed to meet their destines, as possible. The proposed efficient dgonthms restit in the scheduling solutions, which are very close to the minimum bound achievable with the dynamictiy variable voltage approach. The effectiventis of the proposed dgonthrns is shown on extensive experiments with rd-fife design examples.
Molecular thin film chemical modifications under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation (2009)

Spacecraft molecular contamination can be increased under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation because of contaminant sticking induced by photochemical reactions. Tridecan-2-one was experimentally studied as model contaminant. Thin films were irradiated by a deuterium lamp in order to investigate the quantitative formation of different volatility molecules. In this article, on the basis of a parametric irradiation study the authors highlight the formation of three populations of irradiation products. More volatile species come from photolysis that is showed to be strongly temperature dependent and fitted by an Arrhenius law (27 kJ/mol). Less volatile species are initially formed and eliminated afterward when photolysis stops. Nonvolatile species are continuously formed until saturation amount. With tridecan-2-one saturation occurred when 80% of the initial deposit was removed by photolysis and 20% stuck. Complementary gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry results interpretation lead to a mechanism corresponding to primary molecular dissociation into free radicals followed by addition of radicals forming molecules of various volatility.
Peptide Mimetic Design with the Aid of Computational Chemistry (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Peptide Mimetic Design Considerations Case Studies in Peptide Mimetic Design Summary of Computational Chemistry Techniques Applied to Peptide Mimetic Design Nomenclature