gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond parallax barriers: applying formal optimization methods to multilayer automultiscopic displays (2012)

This paper focuses on resolving long-standing limitations of parallax barriers by applying formal optimization methods. We consider two generalizations of conventional parallax barriers. First, we consider general two-layer architectures, supporting high-speed temporal variation with arbitrary opacities on each layer. Second, we consider general multi-layer architectures containing three or more light-attenuating layers. This line of research has led to two new attenuation-based displays. The High-Rank 3D (HR3D) display contains a stacked pair of LCD panels; rather than using heuristically-defined parallax barriers, both layers are jointly-optimized using low-rank light field factorization, resulting in increased brightness, refresh rate, and battery life for mobile applications. The Layered 3D display extends this approach to multi-layered displays composed of compact volumes of light-attenuating material. Such volumetric attenuators recreate a 4D light field when illuminated by a uniform backlight. We further introduce Polarization Fields as an optically-efficient and computationally efficient extension of Layered 3D to multi-layer LCDs. Together, these projects reveal new generalizations to parallax barrier concepts, enabled by the application of formal optimization methods to multi-layer attenuation-based designs in a manner that uniquely leverages the compressive nature of 3D scenes for display applications.
The biological activity of a liposomal complete core lipopolysaccharide vaccine (2002)

A vaccine that induces humoral immunity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while remaining non-pyrogenic should be beneficial, as high levels of antibodies against LPS are associated with a reduced risk of adverse outcome. However, pure LPS or bacteria expressing LPS are generally considered too toxic to be used as vaccines. Recently, a novel, immunogenic complete core lipopolysaccharide vaccine has been described, which has been designed to prevent endotoxin-related inflammatory reactions in surgical and high-risk hospitalized patients. In vivo studies have shown that while administration of the vaccine to rabbits results in no toxicity over 7 days, it does induce significantly enhanced antibody responses towards a broad range of clinically relevant Gram-negative LPSs. Here we show that encapsulation of the four complete core LPS types Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli R1, Bacteroides fragilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa into liposomes greatly reduces the ability of a given amount of LPS to induce TNF-alpha production in vitro from human monocytes. In contrast to previous studies of liposomal LPS, we demonstrate a reduction in activity of approximately 100,000-fold; a reduction approximately 100-1,000-fold more than that previously described. The signalling by the liposomal LPS appears to be entirely dependent on serum factors, though this can be partially restored by soluble CD14 or, to a lesser extent, by lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Time-course experiments reveal that liposomal LPS signalling shows similar kinetics to pure LPS signalling. Therefore, as well as inducing specific antibody responses, liposomal LPS demonstrates characteristics suitable for use as a vaccine to be used in human beings.
Synthesis and conformational preference of novel 8-fluoroanthracyclines. (1995)

Analogues of daunorubicin possessing a fluorine atom at position C(8) of ring A have been synthesized with the aim of comparing their DNA-drug interaction and antitumour properties with those of the clinically useful anthracyclines doxorubicin and idarubicin. The synthesis of (8S)-8-fluoro-4-demethoxydaunorubicin, 1, is reported and molecular mechanics and NMR studies which guided towards the synthesis of the epimeric (8R)-8-fluoro-4-demethoxydaunorubicin, 2, are discussed. Both compounds were prepared by divergent routes starting from the common intermediate, 6, obtained via the Diels-Alder cyclisation between quinizarin diquinone, 3, and 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-butadiene, 4. The synthesis of the (8S)-fluoroepimer proceeded via epoxidation of the C(8)-C(9) olefinic bond of 6, oxidation, oxirane cleavage by BF3.Et2O to give the fluorohydroxyketone, 9, followed by the introduction of the hydroxyl moiety at C(7) and glycosylation. Conversely, the synthesis of the (8R)-fluoroepimer involved the fluorobromination of the C(8)-C(9) olefinic bond of 6, formation of the C(9)-C(13) epoxide, 20 which, after regioselective hydrolysis and oxidation of the resulting fluorodiol to the epimeric fluorohydroxyketone, 21, similarly gave the desired fluoroaglycone, 25 and, hence, the corresponding glycoside, 2. The cytotoxic properties of the two 8-fluoroanthracycline analogues, 1 and 2, were markedly affected by the stereochemistry of the fluorine substituent.
Enhancing the Latent Nucleotide Triphosphate Flexibility of the Glucose-1-phosphate Thymidylyltransferase RmlA (2007)

Nucleotidyltransferases are central to nearly all glycosylation-dependent processes and have been used extensively for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sugar nucleotides. The determination of the NTP specificity of the model thymidylyltransferase RmlA revealed RmlA to utilize all eight naturally occurring NTPs with varying levels of catalytic efficiency, even in the presence of nonnative sugar-1-phosphates. Guided by structural models, active site engineering of RmlA led to alterations of the inherent pyrimidine/purine bias by up to three orders of magnitude. This study sets the stage for engineering single universal nucleotidyltransferases and also provides new catalysts for the synthesis of novel nucleotide diphosphosugars.
Autonomous electric vehicle charging management over real time digital simulator (2014)

Electric vehicle integration into the distribution system has been a topic of great interest lately due the potential challenges it poses. Previous works have focused on either centralized charge control or distributed charge control to solve these issues. In this paper, a voltage feedback control structure for EV charging is tested that, unlike other proposed methods, does not require any real-time communication between the EV and the utility. This control structure compares the system voltage at the point of charging with a reference voltage and takes into account the EV battery state of charge (SOC). Simulations are performed using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The results show that this method can successfully reduce EV charging to eliminate system voltage violations that would otherwise be caused from EV charging while ensuring fairness among the various EVs. In addition, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in flattening the distribution feeder's load profile.
Influenza A viruses with truncated NS1 as modified live virus vaccines: Pilot studies of safety and efficacy in horses (2008)

These data suggest that the recombinant NS1 viruses are safe and effective as modified live virus vaccines against equine influenza. This type of reverse genetics-based vaccine can be easily updated by exchanging viral surface antigens to combat the problem of antigenic drift in influenza viruses.
Electrogenerative and related electrochemical methods for NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/ control (1986)

Electrogenerative processes can be used to reduce nitric oxide to low levels in a variety of gas streams. A strategy for applying this and related electrochemical reduction processes to power plant effluents is discussed. Electrogenerative oxidation and reduction of sulfur dioxide are also feasible. However, flue gas treatments must be selected for compatibility.
Four-part leukocyte differential count based on sheathless microflow cytometer and fluorescent dye assay (2013)

Leukocyte differential count is one of the most frequently ordered clinical tests in hospitals. This paper reports a point-of-care test for the leukocyte count by using a microflow cytometer and a fluorescent dye assay. The dye assay relied on fluorescent detection alone to count leukocytes in blood and to identify leukocyte subtypes. By combining the fluorescent assay with a sheathless microflow design, the proposed method achieved a minimal sample volume by eliminating excessive dilution and sheath flow. In this paper, a four-part leukocyte differential count including lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil was demonstrated, and the whole test consumed only a small amount of blood (5 μL) and reagents (68 μL in total). The merits of minimal sample volume, long reagent shelf life and portable instrument made this method optimal for point-of-care applications.
Crystalline Metaphosphate Acid Salts: Synthesis in Organic Media, Structures, Hydrogen-Bonding Capability, and Implication of Superacidity (2016)

Metaphosphate acids cannot be thoroughly studied in aqueous media because their acidity is leveled by the solvent, and the resulting metaphosphates are susceptible to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Exploration of metaphosphate acid chemistry has now been made possible with the development of a general synthetic method for organic media soluble metaphosphate acids. Protonation of the [PPN](+) salts ([PPN](+) = [N(PPh3)2](+)) of tri-, tetra-, and hexametaphosphates results in five new metaphosphate acids, [PPN]2[P3O9H] (2), [PPN]4[(P4O12)3H8] (3), [PPN]4[P6O18H2]·2H2O (4), [PPN]3[P6O18H3] (5), and [PPN]2[P6O18H2(H3O)2] (6), obtained in yields of 80, 71, 66, 88, and 76%, respectively. Additionally, our synthetic method can be extended to pyrophosphate to produce [PPN][P2O7H3] (7) in 77% yield. The structural configurations of these oxoacids are dictated by strong hydrogen bonds and the anticooperative effect. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed in 2, 4, and 5 and the previously reported [PPN]2[P4O12H2] (1), while intermolecular hydrogen bonds are observed in 3, 6, and 7. The hydrogen bonds in 3-7 possess short distances and are classified as low-barrier hydrogen bonds. Gas-phase acidity computations reveal that the parent tri- and tetrametaphosphoric acids are superacids. Their remarkable acidity is attributable to the stabilization of their corresponding conjugate bases via intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Global Synchronous Pulse Width Modulation of Distributed Inverters (2015)

Traditionally, the parallel-connected multileg inverter could assume the interleaved pulse width modulation (PWM) to attenuate the high-frequency harmonics by using a single controller to generate the corresponding interleaved switching sequences. However, the interleaved PWM cannot be employed in multiple distributed independent inverters installed at different locations with their own controllers because the multiple independent controllers cannot work synchronously and the operational conditions are different among the distributed inverters. The summed current harmonics of multiple distributed inverters could vary at the point of common coupling (PCC) and worsen the power quality of consumers. This paper, therefore, proposes a global synchronous PWM method for the distributed inverters to attenuate the high-frequency current harmonics at PCC. The optimal interleaved switching angles among the distributed inverters are calculated by fully considering line impedances, modulation indexes, switching frequencies, the number of distributed inverters, etc. Particle swarm optimization method is assumed to find the optimal solution. Then, the low-frequency synchronization operation will synchronize the multiple PWM switching sequences in the wanted variation range. Experimental results are presented to prove the validity of this method.
Sealant research for solid oxide fuel cells (1992)

A suitable sealant must form strong, dense bonds with SOFC components, be compatible, be stable at 1000{degrees}C in SOFC operating environment (H{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O on anode side, O{sub 2} on cathode side), and be electrically insulating. Two types of sealants are being developed: Rigid (Mg ammonium phosphate cement) for the cell edge, and compliant (borate-based glass-ceramic) for stack-to-manifold joining. Testing of both is reported. Shrinkage of the rigid sealant needs to be reduced. Further testing is underway.
A two stage hybrid space-time adaptive processing algorithm (2003)

This research presents two new space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms; a two-dimensional non-statistical method and a hybridisation of this approach with statistically based methods. The non-statistical algorithm developed here allows filtering of uncorrelated interference, such as discrete interferers, within the range cell of interest. However, the performance of these algorithms in homogeneous correlated interference scenarios is inherently inferior to traditional statistical STAP algorithms. The proposed hybrid algorithm alleviates this drawback by implementing a second stage of statistical adaptive processing. This paper illustrates the advantages of using a two stage adaptive process to combine the direct data domain and statistical algorithms. The work presented in this paper brings together two different aspects of STAP research: statistical and direct data domain processing. In doing so, this research fulfils an important need in the context of practical STAP processing.
Doppler imaging based on radar target precession (1993)

A unique form of target motion reminiscent of the precession of a rotating top is investigated. Images are generated with the radar looking either along the precession axis or orthogonally to it. Features of the two methods are discussed and demonstrated by imaging simulated point target scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon and an Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte (2012)

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NC) and sulfur were used to prepare an NC/S composite cathode, which was evaluated in an ionic-liquid electrolyte of 0.5 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in methylpropylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide ([MPPY][TFSI]) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cycle testing. To facilitate the comparison, a C/S composite based on activated carbon (AC) without nitrogen doping was also fabricated under the same conditions. Compared with the AC/S composite, the NC/S composite showed enhanced activity toward sulfur reduction, as evidenced by the lower onset sulfur reduction potential, higher redox current density in the CV test, and faster charge-transfer kinetics, as indicated by EIS measurements. At room temperature under a current density of 84 mA g(-1) (C/20), the battery based on the NC/S composite exhibited a higher discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1420 mAh g(-1), whereas the battery based on the AC/S composite showed a lower discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1120 mAh g(-1). Both batteries showed similar capacity fading with cycling due to the intrinsic polysulfide solubility and the polysulfide shuttle mechanism; capacity fading can be improved by further cathode modification.
A high performance tunable RF MEMS switch using barium strontium titanate (BST) dielectrics for reconfigurable antennas and phased arrays (2005)

In this letter, a tunable RF micro electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) switch used for the development of reconfigurable antennas that is fabricated on sapphire substrate with a barium strontium titanate (BST) dielectric is presented. BST dielectric is deposited by a combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technology. BST has a very high dielectric constant (>300) making it very appealing for high performance RF MEMS capacitive switches. The tunable dielectric constant of BST provides a possibility of making linearly tunable MEMS capacitor switches. Here for the first time a capacitive tunable RF MEMS switch with a BST dielectric and its characterization and properties up to 40 GHz are presented.
Improved blood glucose disposal and altered insulin secretion patterns in adenosine A<sub>1</sub>receptor knockout mice (2012)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the inability of the pancreatic β-cells to secrete enough insulin to meet the demands of the body. Therefore, research of potential therapeutic approaches to treat T2DM has focused on increasing insulin output from β-cells or improving systemic sensitivity to circulating insulin. In this study, we examined the role of the A(1) receptor in glucose homeostasis with the use of A(1) receptor knockout mice (A(1)R(-/-)). A(1)R(-/-) mice exhibited superior glucose tolerance compared with wild-type controls. However, glucose-stimulated insulin release, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, and food intake were comparable between the two genotypes. Following a glucose challenge, plasma glucagon levels in wild-type controls decreased, but this was not observed in A(1)R(-/-) mice. In addition, pancreas perfusion with oscillatory glucose levels of 10-min intervals produced a regular pattern of pulsatile insulin release with a 10-min cycling period in wild-type controls and 5 min in A(1)R(-/-) mice. When the mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), both genotypes exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Increased insulin release was observed in HFD-fed mice in both genotypes, but increased glucagon release was observed only in HFD-fed A(1)R(-/-) mice. In addition, the regular patterns of insulin release following oscillatory glucose perfusion were abolished in HFD-fed mice in both genotypes. In conclusion, A(1) receptors in the pancreas are involved in regulating the temporal patterns of insulin release, which could have implications in the development of glucose intolerance seen in T2DM.
[From gene to disease; familial hemiplegic migraine as a result of mutations in a sodium-potassium pump gene]. (2004)

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare, autosomal dominant subtype of migraine, associated in half of the families with mutations in the CACNA1A gene located on chromosome 19p13, which encodes the Cav2.1-subunit of brain-specific P/Q-type calcium channels. Recently, mutations in a second gene, ATP1A2 on chromosome 1q23, which encodes a sodium-potassium exchange pump subunit, have been identified. The first functional studies indicate that A TP1A2 FHM mutations result in a loss of function of the pump, leading to an increase in extracellular potassium. This is known to evoke cortical spreading depression, the underlying mechanism of migraine aura.
Cryogenic variable temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (2000)

A cryogenic variable temperature ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been developed. This design utilizes a novel vibration isolation that provides an active thermal link to the cooling source without the standard tradeoff of compromising mechanical isolation. A welded bellows serves as the basis for the vibration isolation system. This bellows houses a heat exchanger which uses helium gas to form a thermal link between the STM and the cryogenic. This STM is fully integrated into a multichamber UHV STM system now in place in our laboratory and atomic resolution operation is demonstrated from 11 to 300 K.
Upstream signal transmission using a self-injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode for WDM-PON (2005)

We present an upstream transmission method independent of temperature characteristics of the remote node (RN) in a WDM-PON. This method employs a self-injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) for upstream transmission in the optical network unit (ONU). Using this method, the sidemodes of the F-P LD are suppressed, and the F-P LD is matched to the center wavelength of the wavelength distributor/combiner placed at the RN. The experimental results confirm that bidirectional error-free transmission at 1.25/10 Gbit/s could be achieved.
Color Distribution for Compression of Textural Data (2000)

Texture compression is recently one of the most important topics of 3D scene rendering because it allows visualization of more complicated high-resolution scenes. As standard image compression methods are not applicable to textures, an overview of specific techniques that are currently used in real 3D accelerators is presented. Because their major weakness is eventual image quality degradation, we introduce an approach that makes it possible to achieve superior image quality in most cases while providing higher compression ratios. Being an essential refining upon block decomposition strategy, it allows sharing the same color by several blocks, which partially solves the problem of colors deficit. We also describe some methods that can be used for conversion of textures to the proposed representation. Future prospects conclude the paper.
A heave compensation approach for offshore cranes (2008)

Offshore installations during harsh sea conditions results in rigorous requirements in terms of safety and efficiency for the involved crane system. Hence a heave compensation system based on heave motion prediction and an inversion based control strategy is proposed. The control objective is to let the rope suspended payload track a desired reference trajectory in an earth fixed frame without being influenced by the heave motion of the ship or vessel. Therefor a combination of a trajectory tracking disturbance decoupling controller and a prediction algorithm is presented and evaluated with simulation and measurement results.
Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for Designing Fuzzy-Based Missile Guidance Laws (2010)

In this paper, a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm based approach is proposed for designing a multistage fuzzy-based guidance law which consists of three fuzzy controllers. Each of these controllers is activated in a region of the interception. The distribution of the membership functions and the rules are obtained by solving a nonlinear constrained multiobjective optimization problem where final time, energy consumption, and miss distance are treated as competing objectives. A hierarchical clustering technique is implemented to provide the decision maker with a representative and manageable Pareto-optimal set without destroying the characteristics of the trade-off front. Moreover, a fuzzy-based mechanism is employed to extract the best compromise solution over the trade-off curve. The simulation results show that the proposed design technique was able to generate a missile guidance law which has better performance than the classical proportional guidance law.