gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clostridium beijerinckii DSM6423 genomic sequence and physical map (chromosome, plasmid and bacteriophage) (2017)

The first genomic material of the natural Isopropanol/Butanol/Ethanol producing clostridium strain, C. beijerinckii DSM6423, was assembled by de novo sequencing. The physical map, containing a unique chromosome, one plasmid and one bacteriophage was the annotated using the Mage MicroScope platform from Genoscope (France).
A Flexure-Based Tool Holder for Sub-(micro)m Positioning of a Single Point Cutting Tool on a Four-axis Lathe (2005)

A tool holder was designed to facilitate the machining of precision meso-scale components with complex three-dimensional shapes with sub-{micro}m accuracy on a four-axis lathe. A four-axis lathe incorporates a rotary table that allows the cutting tool to swivel with respect to the workpiece to enable the machining of complex workpiece forms, and accurately machining complex meso-scale parts often requires that the cutting tool be aligned precisely along the axis of rotation of the rotary table. The tool holder designed in this study has greatly simplified the process of setting the tool in the correct location with sub-{micro}m precision. The tool holder adjusts the tool position using flexures that were designed using finite element analyses. Two flexures adjust the lateral position of the tool to align the center of the nose of the tool with the axis of rotation of the B-axis, and another flexure adjusts the height of the tool. The flexures are driven by manual micrometer adjusters, each of which provides a minimum increment of motion of 20 nm. This tool holder has simplified the process of setting a tool with sub-{micro}m accuracy, and it has significantly reduced the time required to set a tool.
A nano‐scale architecture for constant time image processing (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we study a nano‐scale highly parallel computing architecture for image processing: a reconfigurable mesh that is interconnected with ferromagnetic spin‐wave buses. In this architecture, information is encoded into the phase of the spin‐wave, and interommunications are performed without any charge transfer. This spin‐wave reconfigurable mesh, while requiring the same number of switches as standard reconfigurable mesh, is capable of simultaneously transmitting multiple waves on each of the spin‐wave paths using different frequencies. Moreover, in this architecture, the superposition characteristic of spin‐waves allows concurrent writes if all the requesting processors write a “1”. Employing these parallel features, we present three constant time image processing applications for this architecture. We show that given an N 1/2 × N 1/2 image, using a N × N spin‐wave reconfigurable mesh, in constant time, all figures. can be labelled, and the nearest neighbour, and the convex hull of a single figure can be found. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization and analysis of terahertz metamaterials based on rectangular split-ring resonators (2008)

We present the experimental characterization of planar terahertz metamaterials based on rectangular electric split-ring resonator designs. Comparisons to square-ring designs reveal that rectangular shapes greatly affect the overall metamaterial response by altering the spectral separation and coupling between multiple ring resonances. A simple model is used to help us understand this coupling behavior and the extent of its effects. Advantages and disadvantages of these unconventional ring designs are discussed in terms of possible applications.
Preclinical imaging of iridocorneal angle and fundus using a modified integrated flexible handheld probe (2017)

A flexible handheld imaging probe consisting of a [Formula: see text] charge-coupled device camera, light-emitting diode light sources, and near-infrared laser source is designed and developed. The imaging probe is designed with specifications to capture the iridocorneal angle images and posterior segment images. Light propagation from the anterior chamber of the eye to the exterior is considered analytically using Snell's law. Imaging of the iridocorneal angle region and fundus is performed on <i>ex vivo</i> porcine samples and subsequently on small laboratory animals, such as the New Zealand white rabbit and nonhuman primate, <i>in vivo</i>. The integrated flexible handheld probe demonstrates high repeatability in iridocorneal angle and fundus documentation. The proposed concept and methodology are expected to find potential application in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of glaucoma.
Production of Spherical UO <sub>2</sub> ‐UC <sub>2</sub> for Nuclear Fuel Applications Using Thermochemical Principles (1982)

A process for the fabrication of uranium dioxide‐uranium dicarbide microspheres for use as an advanced nuclear fuel is described. The uranium‐carbon‐oxygen phase diagram was used extensively in applying thermochemical principles to the combined process of uranium carbide synthesis and kernel sintering. Variation of the partial pressure of carbon monoxide during the carbothermic reduction of urania plus carbon allowed the kernel composition and density to be controlled. X‐ray diffraction, microstructural examination, and detailed chemical analyses were used to identify the kernel composition. A procedure was developed to convert urania plus carbon microspheres produced by a wet‐chemical gelation process to a highly dense UO 2 −UC 2 product at 1550°C. Kernels were first treated at 1550°C in Ar‐1% CO for 4 h to produce high‐density microspheres with a composition of UO 2 +UC x: O y , (x +y≤1.1). These kernels were then processed at 1550°C for an additonal 4 h in Ar‐3% CO to shift the thermodynamic equilibrium from UO 2 +UC x O y , to the desired UO 2 +UC 2 . Batches of material containing different initial amounts of carbon were processed to produce high‐density microspheres having specific UC 2 contents.
Implementation of multistep fuzzy reasoning shell (1996)

Abstract Recently, there have been many trials conducted to develop fuzzy inference systems that can handle the subjective decision of the expert. A problem in the fuzzy control system is that it is an inference composed of only a single step, and cannot be applied to the decision‐making assist or diagnosis, where the inference is made in multisteps. Another point is that the rules of the inference cannot be described for each knowledge source, which has been the conventional inference shell (deterministic inference shell). This paper proposes a fuzzy inference shell which can realize the multistep inference using the blackboard model. The proposed shell uses its own rule description language to represent the knowledge, and the description can be made by combining the new method with the conventional deterministic inference. Using the divided knowledge blocks, the multi‐step fuzzy inference can be realized using the blackboard model. The search function also is provided that can track the inference path in the multistep inference. This paper describes the basic configuration of such a shell.
The Relationship Between Femoral Tunnels Created by the Transtibial, Anteromedial Portal, and Outside-In Techniques and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Footprint (2012)

For ACL reconstruction using soft tissue grafts, tibial tunnel-independent techniques can produce more anatomic tunnels than the TT technique.
A Novel Solid Medium for Culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Clinical Specimens (2015)

The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis usually relies on culture-based isolation of the causative Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. We developed and evaluated the performance of MOD9, a new blood-free derivative of the MOD4 solid medium on which we previously reported for the isolation and culture of mycobacteria. First, inoculation of Lowenstein-Jensen medium with 21 M. tuberculosis isolates at 10(5), 10(3), and 10 CFU yielded colonies in 5.7 ± 1.5 days, 7.6 ± 0.8 days, and 10.8 ± 1.7 days versus 1.5 ± 0.4 days, 3.5 ± 0.6 days, and 4.9 ± 1 days in MOD9 (P < 0.05, Student's t test). Further, the time to detectable growth of M. tuberculosis was measured on MOD9 and Lowenstein-Jensen media after duplicate inoculation of 250 clinical specimens decontaminated with 0.7% chlorhexidine. The contamination rate was 1.6% (4/250) on MOD9 versus 4.4% (11/250) on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (P = 0.11, Fisher's exact test). Chlorhexidine-MOD9 yielded 38/250 (15.2%) isolates versus 32/250 (12.8%) isolates for the chlorhexidine-LJ (P = 0.5195, Fisher's exact test). All together, eight M. tuberculosis isolates were cultured solely from chlorhexidine-MOD9, and two M. tuberculosis isolates were cultured solely from chlorhexidine-LJ. The time to detection was 9.8 ± 3.9 (range, 5 to 18) days for chlorhexidine-MOD9 versus 17.4 ± 5.9 (range, 10 to 35) days for chlorhexidine-LJ (P < 0.05, Student's t test). These data indicate the superiority of the MOD9 medium over the standard LJ medium following chlorhexidine decontamination for the recovery of M. tuberculosis.
Human pharmacokinetics and rationale for once-weekly dosing of dalbavancin, a semi-synthetic glycopeptide (2005)

The selection of a novel weekly dalbavancin dosage regimen was based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from humans and an animal model of infection. The results from the granuloma pouch model of infection suggested that dalbavancin concentrations >/=5 mg/L are necessary for extended in vivo activity. Serum bactericidal activity assessments demonstrated that dalbavancin serum concentrations of approximately 20 mg/L were bactericidal upon two-fold dilution. These data, coupled with simulations based on the pharmacokinetic profile derived from a clinical study in healthy volunteers, were used to design the weekly regimen studied in the initial efficacy trial. This efficacy study showed that a two-dose weekly regimen was well tolerated and associated with a higher clinical response rate than the comparator regimens. The data collectively support the further study of dalbavancin as a once-weekly regimen for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
Large-scale expansion of human stem and progenitor cells from bone marrow mononuclear cells in continuous perfusion cultures (1993)

There is a growing consensus that clinical practice in the areas of bone marrow (BM) transplantation and gene therapy will rely on the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells. We report here on the development of continuously perfused culture systems (bioreactor systems) that expand human stem and progenitor cells from BM mononuclear cell (MNC) populations obtained without cell enrichment. In three separate experiments, 10 bioreactors were each inoculated with 3 x 10(7) BM MNC from patients undergoing marrow harvest for autologous transplantation. At various times thereafter (between days 6 and 16), duplicate bioreactors were harvested and cells were analyzed. The bioreactors contained three cell populations that were analyzed separately: nonadherent cells; cells that were loosely adherent to the endogenously formed stromal layer; and an adherent cell layer that required trypsinization for removal. Total cell numbers increased continuously to give an overall 10-fold (range, 8- to 11-fold) expansion by day 14. The adherent stromal layer significantly expanded to more than 2 x 10(7) cells, but remained less than 6% of the total cell population. Colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) numbers expanded 21-fold (range, 12- to 34-fold) by day 14 and, because this expansion was greater than that for total cells, CFU-GM were enriched by as much as fourfold by day 14. Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) numbers peaked earlier than did CFU-GM numbers, with a 12-fold (range, 6- to 18-fold) expansion obtained on day 8. In contrast to CFU-GM, which were predominantly nonadherent, BFU-E were more evenly distributed between the three cell populations. Stem cell activity was measured by the long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) limiting dilution assay. The number of LTC-IC per reactor consistently increased with time in all cultures, resulting in a 7.5-fold (range, 3.4- to 9.8-fold) expansion. In summary, more than 3 billion cells, containing 12 million CFU-GM, were reproducibly generated from the equivalent of a 10 to 15 ml BM aspirate. These data indicate that small numbers of BM MNC can be readily expanded ex vivo in continuous perfusion cultures, and that such ex vivo expansion may have direct applications in clinical and experimental BM transplantation.
Short to ultrashort peptide hydrogels for biomedical uses (2014)

Hydrogels can offer cells an extracellular matrix-like growth environment which traditional culture methods cannot provide. Hydrogels therefore have great value in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this article, we pay special attention to peptide-based hydrogels, which we further classified into short (≤20 residues) or ultrashort (≤7 residues) peptides. The design principles of these peptides are presented, and, based on their technical advantages and potential, biomedical applications are discussed.
High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) for three dimensional tomographic imaging of the small animal brain (2017)

High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) utilizing tens of thousands of source-detector pairs, was developed for in vivo imaging of blood flow in small animals. The reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to local ischemic stroke in a mouse brain was transcanially imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. The reconstructed volume was then compared with corresponding magnetic resonance images demonstrating that the volume of reduced CBF agrees with the infarct zone at twenty-four hours.
Removal of thiosulfate/sulfate from spent Stretford solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of thiosulfate/sulfate from spent Stretford solutionTsoung-Yuan. Yan and Wilton F. EspenscheidCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 6, 732–735Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60166a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es60166a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A plasma process monitor/control system (1998)

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a system to monitor plasma processes for control of industrial applications.The system is designed to act as a fully automated, stand-alone process monitor during printed wiring board and semiconductor production runs.The monitor routinely performs data collection, analysis, process identification, and error detection/correction without the need for human intervention.The monitor can also be used in research mode to allow process engineers to gather additional information about plasma processes.The plasma monitor can perform real-time control of support systems known to influence plasma behavior.The monitor can also signal personnel to modify plasma parameters when the system is operating outside of desired specifications and requires human assistance.A notification protocol can be selected for conditions detected in the plasma process.The Plasma Process Monitor/Control System consists of a computer running software developed by Sandia National Laboratories, a commercially available spectrophotometer equipped with a charge-coupled device camera, an input/output device, and a fiber optic cable.The instrument monitors the plasma recipes and steps needed to complete all phases of production.During normal operation, the tool notes process steps as they occur, stores a representative set of spectral details for future analysis, and keeps an accurate product count.If the plasma experiences an abnormality, the tool notes the abnormality, signals appropriate personnel, andor attempts to correct the abnormality in situ.The tool is designed to be a versatile, multipurpose piece of equipment allowing automated process verification and error detectiodcorrection as well as a research tool.We have used the monitor for gauging the "state-ofhealth" of plasma processes.System 1 has been at Texas Instruments in Austin, TX since February, 1996 monitoring the health of printed wiring board plasma desmear and etch-back.System 2 has been at Advanced Micro Devices in Austin, TX since July, 1996 monitoring integrated circuit multivariate oxide etch.These systems and possible benefits derived from in situ monitoring of plasma processes will be discussed.
Improved Hierarchical Patient Classification with Language Model Pretraining over Clinical Notes (2019)

Clinical notes in electronic health records contain highly heterogeneous writing styles, including non-standard terminology or abbreviations. Using these notes in predictive modeling has traditionally required preprocessing (e.g. taking frequent terms or topic modeling) that removes much of the richness of the source data. We propose a pretrained hierarchical recurrent neural network model that parses minimally processed clinical notes in an intuitive fashion, and show that it improves performance for discharge diagnosis classification tasks on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) dataset, compared to models that treat the notes as an unordered collection of terms or that conduct no pretraining. We also apply an attribution technique to examples to identify the words that the model uses to make its prediction, and show the importance of the words' nearby context.
Direct Imaging of Device Characteristics In a Focused ion Beam System (1998)

Abstract A great deal can be learned about integrated circuits (ICs) and microelectronic structures simply by imaging them in a focused ion beam (FIB) system. FIB systems have evolved during the past decade from something of a curiosity to absolutely essential tools for microelectronics design verification and failure analysis. FIB system capabilities include localized material removal, localized deposition of conductors and insulators, and imaging. A major commercial driver for FIB systems is their usefulness in the design debugging cycle by (1) rewiring ICs quickly to test design changes and (2) making connection to deep conductors to facilitate electrical probing of complex ICs. FIB milling is also used for making precision cross sections and for TEM sample preparation of microelectronic structures for failure analysis and yield enhancement applications.
An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples (2014)

We introduce a novel Organic Redox Flow Battery (ORBAT), for meeting the demanding requirements of cost, eco-friendliness, and durability for large-scale energy storage. ORBAT employs two different water-soluble organic redox couples on the positive and negative side of a flow battery. Redox couples such as quinones are particularly attractive for this application. No precious metal catalyst is needed because of the fast proton-coupled electron transfer processes. Furthermore, in acid media, the quinones exhibit good chemical stability. These properties render quinone-based redox couples very attractive for high-efficiency metal-free rechargeable batteries. We demonstrate the rechargeability of ORBAT with anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid or anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid on the negative side, and 1,2-dihydrobenzoquinone- 3,5-disulfonic acid on the positive side. The ORBAT cell uses a membrane-electrode assembly configuration similar to that used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Such a battery can be charged and discharged multiple times at high faradaic efficiency without any noticeable degradation of performance. We show that solubility and mass transport properties of the reactants and products are paramount to achieving high current densities and high efficiency. The ORBAT configuration presents a unique opportunity for developing an inexpensive and sustainable metal-free rechargeable battery for large-scale electrical energy storage.
Advanced Thermal Hydrogen Compression (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen has long been considered the fuel of the future. During this decade, significant resources have been invested in the development of advanced production, storage and utilization methods that hold the promise of moving society towards the use of this clean and renewable source of energy. One obstacle impeding the implementation of a hydrogen infrastructure is hydrogen compression. Large mechanical compressors have a high capital cost, consume substantial amounts of energy and require frequent maintenance. An economical alternative to mechanical compression is thermal compression of hydrogen using reversible metal hydride alloys. Recent developments in the areas of moisture tolerant hydride alloys and improved heat transfer will permit the application of thermal compressors to non-pure hydrogen streams likely to result from large scale advanced production methods.</div></div>
Catalog of Formalized Application Integration Patterns (2018)

Enterprise application integration (EAI) solutions are the centrepiece of current enterprise IT architectures (e.g., cloud and mobile computing, business networks), however, require the formalization of their building blocks, represented by integration patterns, verification and optimization. This work serves as an instructive pattern formalization catalog that leads to the formalization of all currently known integration patterns. Therefore, we explain the classification of the underlying requirements of the pattern semantics and formalize representative patterns from the different categories, by realizing them in timed db-net. In this way, the catalog will allow for the addition of future patterns by assigning them to a category and applying the described formalism.
Development of mercuric iodide energy dispersive X-ray array detectors (1988)

The authors consider that various areas of synchrotron radiation research, particularly extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) on dilute solutions and anomalous scattering, would greatly benefit from the availability of energy-dispersive detector arrays with high-energy resolution and good spatial resolution. Mercuric iodide (HgI/sub 2/) detector submodules developed to meet this need are described. These submodules can be grouped into larger arrays of 100-400 elements. A prototype five-element HgI/sub 2/ array detector has been constructed and tested. Each element is 7.3 mm*0.7 mm. An energy resolution of 335 eV (FWHM) for Mn-K/sub alpha / at 5.9 keV has been introduced into the charge preamplifiers in order to minimize electronic crosstalk between channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>