gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Music Classification and Retreival: Experiments with Thai Music Collection (2007)

We present the experimental results of classification and retrieval of Thai music using TreeQ (a tree-structured classifier) and LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) algorithms in this paper. We use the HTK Toolkit in preprocessing acoustic signals including feature extraction from the Thai music collection. The training set consists of 250 songs -50 songs from each of the 5 genres. Training is divided into three phases using all or some of these songs. The test set consists of 10 songs selected from 5 genres which are not included in training. We trained and tested the music classifiers using both TreeQ and LVQ algorithms with varying parameters such as, Number of Codebook (NOC) and pruning thresholds to identify the effects of different parameters and features in the Thai music classification and retrieval. We observed that TreeQ-based experiments yield faster response-times than those of LVQ; and therefore, a TreeQ-based system maybe appropriate for online (real-time) music retrieval tasks. On the other hand, LVQ-based experiments consistently yield better accuracy than those of TreeQ; and therefore, a LVQ-based system may be appropriate in the music classification task since music classification can generally be performed off-line. We also outlined a Relevance Feedback based Music Retrieval System in this paper.
Crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films on Si(111) and the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:math>reconstruction on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math> (1999)

Crystalline silicon nitride $({\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4})$ thin films have been grown on Si(111) surfaces by exposing the substrate to ${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$ at a temperature of \ensuremath{\geqslant}1075 K. An ``$8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8$'' electron diffraction pattern was observable even for a relatively thick ${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ film. Images of the same surfaces obtained with a scanning tunneling microscope show surface superstructure with a period of 30.7 \AA{}, and a minimum step height of 2.9 \AA{}. These suggest the formation of $\ensuremath{\beta}--{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4},$ with ${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}(0001)\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}\mathrm{Si}(111).$ The 30.7-\AA{} periodic superstructure is attributed to the $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ surface reconstruction on ${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}(0001).$
Control of Metal Nanoparticles Aggregation and Dispersion by PNA and PNA−DNA Complexes, and Its Application for Colorimetric DNA Detection (2009)

We have demonstrated that mixed-base PNA oligomers are effective coagulants of citrate ion-coated gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs), and PNA-induced particle aggregation can be disrupted by hybridization of PNA with a specific DNA. Using particles' aggregation/dispersion as a measure, we have investigated how PNA and PNA-DNA complexes bind to AuNPs and AgNPs and modulate particles' stability differently relative to their DNA counterparts. We have made the following original discoveries: (1) mix-base PNA oligomers can induce immediate particle aggregation in a concentration- and chain-length-dependent manner; (2) PNA oligomers have a higher affinity to AuNPs and AgNPs than its ssDNA counterpart; (3) PNA-DNA complexes, although having a stable double helix structure similar to dsDNA, can effectively protect the particles from salt induced aggregation, and the protection effect of different nucleic acids are in the order of PNA-DNA complex > ssDNA > dsDNA; (4) all the characteristics are identical for AuNPs and AgNPs; and (5) AgNPs is more sensitive in response to destabilization effect and is proven a more sensitive platform for colorimetric assays. The control of particle aggregation and dispersion by PNA and PNA-DNA complexes has been used to detect a specific DNA sequence with single-base-mismatch resolution. zeta potential measurements have been conducted to reveal how distinct backbone properties of PNA and PNA-DNA complexes relative to their DNA counterparts contribute to the distinct binding characteristics.
Progestin and Estrogen Receptors: Characterization and Localization in Rat Submandibular Glands, with Special Reference to Epidermal Growth Factor. (1988)

By using progestin (P) and estrogen (E), the localization and characterization of both steroid receptors were examined in the submandibular gland (SMG) of 6-week-old immature castrated rats, with special reference to localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF). In the castrated male and female rats, both 3H-estradiol-17 beta (3H-E2 beta) and 3H-promegestone (3H-R5020) bound to SMG cytosol with high affinity and low capacity. These values were similar to those reported for other tissues. However, E-treatment after castration inhibited the specific binding. In sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, it was found that P receptors in both castrated males and females had a sedimentation coefficient of 7S, whereas E receptors had sedimentation coefficients of 4S and 7S. A histochemical study of the SMG of castrated male and female rats showed that the E-peroxidase complex (EPC)- and P-peroxidase complex (PPC)-stained cells were predominantly located in the epithelium of the duct system including the excretory duct and the granular convoluted tubules. Few cells were located in the intercalated duct, and none were found in the acinus. EGF-immunoreactive cells were also located in the epithelium of the same tissue region as in PPC- and EPC-stained sections. Moreover, E-treatment after castration inhibited the intensity of staining and immunoreactivity. These results clearly suggest that rat SMG contains specific P and E receptors which are mainly located in the epithelial cells of the duct system in which EGF-containing cells are identified. We discussed the possibility that P and E might affect EGF immunoreactivity, which reflects EGF production, through their receptors in the epithelium of the duct system.
Physical map location of the human carboxypeptidase M gene (CPM) distal to D12S375 and proximal to D12S8 at chromosome 12q15. (1995)

Chromosome aberrations involving human chromosome 12 region q13-q15 are frequently observed in a wide variety of solid tumors, benign as well as malignant ones. In an approach to isolating through positional cloning the pathogenetically relevant genes, we have carried out directional chromosome walking from locus D12S8 toward the centromere. This resulted in the construction of a YAC contig consisting of 75 overlapping YAC clones, the composite insert DNA of which was about 6.5 Mb, and, more recently, in the identification of the high-mobility group protein gene, HMGI-C, as the target gene consistently found to be rearranged by the chromosome 12 aberrations in at least eight different mesenchymal tumor types. To establish sequence-tagged sites (STSs), we sequenced the ends of a number of YAC clones using the methodology described by Geurts et al. Within the right end sequences of CEPH mark 1 YAC 499C5, originally designated RM46 and now also known as D12S1501, a BLAST search revealed a stretch of 135 nucleotides that matches perfectly with known cDNA sequences of the human carboxypeptidase M gene, the chromosomal localization of which has not yet been established. The region of sequence identity starts at nucleotide 794 of the HUMC-ARM{sup 2} cDNA and endsmore » coinciding with a splice donor site at nucleotide 930. It should be noted that the sequence similarity extends 2 bp into the intron sequence. 11 refs., 2 figs.« less
Analysis of Domain Responsible for Desensitization of β-Adrenergic Receptor (1999)

When the wild type β1-adrenergic receptor (WT-β1AR) was expressed in Sf9 cells, the β1AR-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were desensitized by prior treatment with isoproterenol. The extent of β1AR desensitization was not modified, and the onset was not promoted by the overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), GRK5 or GRK6. However, overexpression of the dominant negative mutant of GRK2 appeared to inhibit desensitization of the β1AR. The change of the potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site located at the intracellular third loop did not affect β1AR desensitization. Desensitization of the truncated mutant, in which nearly all of the serine and threonine residues from the carboxyl terminus were eliminated, was the same as that of the WT-β1AR. A deletion mutant that lacked serine and threonine residues of the intracellualr third loop was also desensitized by isoproterenol stimulation. Furthermore, the deletion of serine and threonine residues from both the intracellular third loop and carboxyl terminus did not affect desensitization of the β1AR. These results suggested that phosphorylation by endogenous GRKs in Sf9 cells contributed to desensitization of the β1AR and that the regions other than third intracellular loop and carboxyl terminus may be responsible for ßiAR desensitization.
The metallic soaps of napthenic acids — Part 3 (1986)

Cobalt naphthenate has been employed in adhesives for joining metals and rubber e.g. steel cord tyres and conveyor belts, to promote adhesion, and in elastomeric compounds for adhesion to brass‐ plated metals. It has also been employed in hardeners for epoxy resin adhesives, and as a reducing activator in the manufacture of anaerobically‐cured adhesive systems.
PACAP provides colonic protection against dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis (2008)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays a crucial role in immunity and inflammation. Our aim was to obtain insight in the role of PACAP in experimental colitis in mice and thus its possible role in inflammatory bowel disease. PACAP-deficient (PACAP-/-) mice and wild-type control mice were challenged by colitis-inducing agent, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We monitored clinical symptoms, intestinal morphology, and difference of cytokine production in the proximal and distal colon. After DSS administration, mortality was more severe in PACAP-/- mice versus wild-type control mice. The histological score and the disease activity index of PACAP-/- mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type control mice. In proximal colon, production of IL-1beta and IL-6 in PACAP-/- mice were significantly upregulated on day 8 after DSS administration, compared to wild-type control mice. In distal colon, furthermore, production of IFNgamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, and KC were significantly higher in PACAP-/- mice than in wild-type control mice on day 4. Our findings indicate that PACAP regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the experimental colitis.
Growth response of pea and summer turnip rape to foliar application of glycinebetaine (1997)

Abstract It has been reported that foliar application of glycinebetaine reduces the effect of abiotic stresses on crops, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and maize (Zea mays L.), especially during the recovery period. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of foliar application of glycinebetaine on biomass accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. ssp. oleifera) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and in the field, and records were taken on differentiation and emergence of floral organs. Biomass accumulation, relative growth rate (RGR), specific leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and nitrogen uptake were also measured for pea. In the experiment in the greenhouse, glycinebetaine application increased relative growth rate of both crops, especially when drought‐stressed and when recovering from drought. Application of 0.20 M glycinebetaine increased RGR of pea, recovering from drought, by 13% compared with untreated plants, while the RGR of the drought‐stressed pea increased by 45%, measured 14 days after glycinebetaine application. However, the difference in effect between treatments diminished one week later. The response of turnip rape was less marked than that of pea in the greenhouse experiment. The RGR of drought‐stressed turnip rape treated with 0.05 M glycinebetaine application was 10% higher than that of untreated drought‐stressed plants, being 6% in plants treated before recovery, and 17% under adequate watering. Glycinebetaine application also increased the RGR of both crops in field experiments. However, no clear effects of foliar application of glycinebetaine on duration of different development phases and emergence of floral organs were recorded in the field. Key words: biomassdevelopmentdrought stressnitrogen uptakerelative growth ratespecific leaf area
Fabrication of an integrated optical waveguide chemical vapor microsensor by photopolymerization of a bifunctional oligomer (1986)

A planar integrated optical waveguide chemical vapor microsensor has been fabricated on a glass substrate using a cw argon ion laser source to photopolymerize an initially bifunctional oligomer precursor. This fabrication technique allowed for the use of a relatively high refractive index photopolymerized transparent material to serve as both the light-guiding structure as well as the chemical sensing coating element simultaneously. Preliminary tests employing this structure in a continuously flowing nitrogen vapor system indicated that the sensing material can be used to detect the presence of ammonia and toluene vapors.
Relations frequency hypermatrices in mutual, conditional, and joint entropy‐based information indices (2012)

Graph-theoretic matrix representations constitute the most popular and significant source of topological molecular descriptors (MDs). Recently, we have introduced a novel matrix representation, named the duplex relations frequency matrix, F, derived from the generalization of an incidence matrix whose row entries are connected subgraphs of a given molecular graph G. Using this matrix, a series of information indices (IFIs) were proposed. In this report, an extension of F is presented, introducing for the first time the concept of a hypermatrix in graph-theoretic chemistry. The hypermatrix representation explores the n-tuple participation frequencies of vertices in a set of connected subgraphs of G. In this study we, however, focus on triple and quadruple participation frequencies, generating triple and quadruple relations frequency matrices, respectively. The introduction of hypermatrices allows us to redefine the recently proposed MDs, that is, the mutual, conditional, and joint entropy-based IFIs, in a generalized way. These IFIs are implemented in GT-STAF (acronym for Graph Theoretical Thermodynamic STAte Functions), a new module of the TOMOCOMD-CARDD program. Information theoretic-based variability analysis of the proposed IFIs suggests that the use of hypermatrices enhances the entropy and, hence, the variability of the previously proposed IFIs, especially the conditional and mutual entropy based IFIs. The predictive capacity of the proposed IFIs was evaluated by the analysis of the regression models, obtained for physico-chemical properties the partition coefficient (Log P) and the specific rate constant (Log K) of 34 derivatives of 2-furylethylene. The statistical parameters, for the best models obtained for these properties, were compared to those reported in the literature depicting better performance. This result suggests that the use of the hypermatrix-based approach, in the redefinition of the previously proposed IFIs, avails yet other valuable tools beneficial in QSPR studies and diversity analysis.
The fabric of destruction: practices, ties and interactions in clandestine captivity at ESMA (2019)

En Debates, ensayos y comunicaciones de este nmero se publica un trabajo que fue solicitado por la revista Quinto Sol a dos reconocidas investigadoras, con el objetivo de ofrecer un texto de excelente manufactura para repensar algunas nociones en relacin a la conceptualizacin de los centros clandestinos de detencin en Argentina durante la ltima dictadura militar; en especial para observar otras formas complejas de la represin y considerar ms ampliamente este fenmeno. Con este ensayo original, respaldado por fuentes documentales y entrevistas, Claudia Feld y Marina Franco nos interpelan a examinar las tramas de la destruccin, con sus prcticas, vnculos e interacciones, a partir del anlisis
Unsteady CFD simulation of a turning mid turbine frame with embedded design (2015)

This paper discusses the unsteady CFD simulation results of a new concept of an intermediate turbine duct between the high and low pressure turbine of a jet engine. In order to meet the requirements of future jet engines it is helpful to supply the S-shaped intermediate turbine duct with struts carrying the bearing loadings. These struts can be aerodynamically optimized to generate swirl in order to replace the first vane row of the subsequent low pressure rotor. In such a design large flow structures coming from the outlet of the transonic high pressure stage are transported towards the low pressure rotor and are superimposed by secondary flows generated by the turning struts within the duct. These effects lead to a very inhomogeneous flow reaching the downstream low pressure rotor which leads to higher losses of this rotor. In order to reduce the fluctuations behind the S-shaped duct and to homogenize the flow, the duct can be equipped with splitters. Such an embedded design can homogenize the duct outlet flow, thus improving efficiency. In this paper the results of a steady and unsteady CFD simulation of such a turning mid turbine frame with splitters as experimentally investigated in the transonic test turbine facility at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics of Graz University of Technology are discussed. A special focus is laid on the interaction between the high pressure stage and the intermediate turbine duct and the thus induced unsteady effects. Expected differences between the steady and unsteady simulation are shown. Additionally the positive effect of the splitters on the uniformity of the flow is investigated.
Electric Multipurpose Vehicle Power Take-Off: Overview, Load Cycles and Actuation via Synchronous Reluctance Machine (2019)

While electric vehicle (EV) technology has been established in passenger vehicle sector, commercial multipurpose vehicle (MPV) penetration is strictly related to the niche end-markets, like medium-duty, short-haul and last mile applications. Some of the examples of short-haul applications are electric multipurpose vehicles (eMPV) like refuse, hook-loader or vacuum trucks. This paper will concentrate on eMPVs, which apart from electric traction, have to actuate additional body systems by the means of electric power take-off (ePTO). This paper provides load cycle approximations of ePTO load cycles (refuse, concrete mixer, hook-loader and vacuum trucks). These can be used for continuous and peak requirement calculation and optimal ePTO machine sizing. Taking into consideration that the machine needs to be affordable and reliable, synchronous reluctance machine (SyRM) ePTO is proposed for future evaluation.
Normative, systemic and procedural aspects: a review of indicator-based sustainability assessments in agriculture (2010)

Several methods for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems have been developed. These methods do not fully: (i) take into account the multi-functionality of agriculture; (ii) include multidimensionality; (iii) utilize and implement the assessment knowledge; and (iv) identify conflicting goals and trade-offs. This paper reviews seven recently developed multidisciplinary indicator-based assessment methods with respect to their contribution to these shortcomings. All approaches include (1) normative aspects such as goal setting, (2) systemic aspects such as a specification of scale of analysis, (3) a reproducible structure of the approach. The approaches can be categorized into three typologies. The topdown farm assessments focus on field or farm assessment. They have a clear procedure for measuring the indicators and assessing the sustainability of the system, which allows for benchmarking across farms. The degree of participation is low, potentially affecting the implementation of the results negatively. The top-down regional assessment assesses the on-farm and the regional effects. They include some participation to increase acceptance of the results. However, they miss the analysis of potential trade-offs. The bottom-up, integrated participatory or transdisciplinary approaches focus on a regional scale. Stakeholders are included throughout the whole process assuring the acceptance of the results and increasing the probability of implementation of developed measures. As they include the interaction between the indicators in their system representation, they allow for performing a trade-off analysis. The bottom-up, integrated participatory or transdisciplinary approaches seem to better overcome the four shortcomings mentioned above.
Lifelong learning for disturbance rejection on mobile robots (2016)

No two robots are exactly the same-even for a given model of robot, different units will require slightly different controllers. Furthermore, because robots change and degrade over time, a controller will need to change over time to remain optimal. This paper leverages lifelong learning in order to learn controllers for different robots. In particular, we show that by learning a set of control policies over robots with different (unknown) motion models, we can quickly adapt to changes in the robot, or learn a controller for a new robot with a unique set of disturbances. Furthermore, the approach is completely model-free, allowing us to apply this method to robots that have not, or cannot, be fully modeled.
Vitamin C: a wound healing perspective (2013)

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid (AA), is involved in all phases of wound healing. In the inflammatory phase it is required for neutrophil apoptosis and clearance. During the proliferative phase, AA contributes towards synthesis, maturation, secretion and degradation of collagen. Deficiencies affect the maturation phase by altering collagen production and scar formation. The body strives to maintain homeostasis of AA, thereby ensuring availability for collagen synthesis. After wounding, plasma and tissue levels of AA diminish and, as a consequence, supplements may be useful for healing, although levels beyond saturation are excreted Clinicians need to be aware of both the nutritional status of patients with either acute or chronic wounds and the possibility of any AA deficiency which may hinder healing.