gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid: Highly Active and Stable Ruthenium Catalysts (2009)

Abstract The ruthenium‐catalyzed decomposition of formic acid was investigated with respect to continuous hydrogen generation and long‐term stability of the catalytic systems. A highly active and stable system is presented, which was studied in batch and continuous modes for up to two months. The optimized catalyst system containing N,N ‐dimethyl‐ n ‐hexylamine with an in situ generated catalyst from (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer [RuCl 2 (benzene)] 2 and 6 equivalents of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) reached at room temperature a total turnover number (TON) of approximatly 260,000 with average turnover frequency (TOF) of about 900 h −1 . Only hydrogen and carbon dioxide were detected in the produced gas mixture which makes this system applicable for direct use in fuel cells.
Thermal Explosion in Al−Ni System: Influence of Mechanical Activation (2009)

The influence of short-term (5-15 min) highly energetic ball milling on the ignition characteristics of a gasless heterogeneous Ni-Al reactive system has been investigated. By using Al-Ni clad particles (30-40 microm diameter Al spheres coated by a 3-3.5 microm layer of Ni, that corresponds to a 1:1 Ni/Al atomic ratio), it was shown that such mechanical treatment leads to a significant decrease in the self-ignition temperature of the system. For example, after 15 min of ball milling, the ignition temperature appears to be approximately 600 K, well below the eutectic (913 K) in the considered binary system, which is the ignition temperature for the initial clad particles. Thus, it was demonstrated that the thermal explosion process for mechanically treated reactive media can be solely defined by solid-state reactions. Additionally, thermal analysis measurements revealed that mechanical activation results in a substantial decrease in the effective activation energy (from 84 to 28 kcal/mol) of interaction between Al and Ni. This effect, that is, mechanical activation of chemical reaction, is connected to a substantial increase of contact area between reactive particles and fresh interphase boundaries formed in an inert atmosphere during ball milling. It is also important that by varying the time of mechanical activation one can precisely control the ignition temperature in high-density energetic heterogeneous systems.
A chemical epigenetics approach for engineering the in situbiosynthesis of a cryptic natural product from Aspergillus niger (2008)

A new fungal metabolite, nygerone A (), featuring a unique 1-phenylpyridin-4(1H)-one core that had previously not been reported from any natural source, has been obtained from Aspergillus niger using a chemical epigenetics methodology.
Fast-Tuning 224-Gb/s Intradyne Receiver for Optical Packet Networks (2010)

We demonstrate a digital coherent 224-Gb/s (56-Gbaud PDM-QPSK) packet receiver that selects packets using a fast wavelength-switching local oscillator. A novel three-stage CMA enables blind packet recovery in less than 200 ns.
Interaction of short modified peptides deriving from glycoprotein gp36 of feline immunodeficiency virus with phospholipid membranes (2009)

A tryptophan-rich octapeptide, C8 (Ac-Trp-Glu-Asp-Trp-Val-Gly-Trp-Ile-NH(2)), modelled on the membrane-proximal external region of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gp36 glycoprotein ectodomain, exhibits potent antiviral activity against FIV. A mechanism has been proposed by which the peptide, being positioned on the surface of the cell membrane, inhibits its fusion with the virus. In the present work, peptide-lipid interactions of C8 with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes are investigated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy of spin-labelled lipids. Three other peptides, obtained from modifications of C8, have also been investigated, in an attempt to clarify the essential molecular features of the interactions involving the tryptophan residues. The results show that C8 adsorbs strongly on the bilayer surface. Membrane binding requires not only the presence of the Trp residues in the sequence, but also their common orientation on one side of the peptide that is engendered by the WX(2) WX(2) W motif. Membrane interaction correlates closely with peptide antiviral activity, indicating that the membrane is essential in stabilizing the peptide conformation that will be able to inhibit viral infection.
INCIDENCE OF EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPOXEMIA IN MALE ENDURANCE ATHLETES (1992)

Martin, D.; Cicale, M.; Huang, D.; Mengelkoch, L.; Powers, S. FACSM; Criswell, D. Author Information
Does processing of emotional stimuli predict symptomatic improvement and diagnostic recovery from major depression? (2007)

This study was designed to examine whether processing of emotional stimuli predicts both symptomatic improvement and recovery from depression. Participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (N=63) completed information-processing tasks to assess attention to and memory for sad, physically threatening, socially threatening, and happy stimuli. At a follow-up session an average of nine months later, participants were reassessed to determine diagnostic status and depression severity. None of the measure of attention or memory predicted diagnostic status at follow-up. Those depressed participants who remembered a higher proportion of positive words that they had endorsed as self-descriptive exhibited greater symptomatic improvement. After controlling for memory of positive self-referential words, attentional measures did not predict symptomatic change. These results are consistent with a growing literature highlighting the importance of emotionally relevant memory processes for understanding the course of major depression.
Genomic regulation modeled as a network with basins of attraction. (1998)

Many natural processes consist of networks of interacting elements which affect each other's state over time, the dynamics depending on the pattern of connections and the updating rules for each element. Genomic regulatory networks are arguably networks of this sort. An attempt to understand genomic networks would benefit from the context of a general theory of discrete dynamical networks which is currently emerging. A key notion here is global dynamics, whereby state-space is organized into basins of attraction, objects that have only recently become accessible by computer simulation of idealized models, in particular "random Boolean networks". Cell types have been explained as attractors in genomic networks, where the network architecture is biased to achieve a balance between stability and adaptability in response to perturbation. Based on computer simulations using the software Discrete Dynamics Lab (DDLab), these ideas are described, as well as order-chaos measures on typical trajectories that further characterize network dynamics.
Photochemically and Electrochemically Triggered Au Nanoparticles “Sponges” (2011)

Stimuli-triggered wettability of surfaces and controlled uptake and release of substrates by "smart" materials are essential for drug delivery and microfluidic control. A composite "sponge" consisting of bis-aniline-bridged Au nanoparticles (NPs), functionalized with photoisomerizable nitrospiropyran/nitromerocyanine that includes selective imprinted molecular recognition sites for N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (PVS) was electropolymerized on a Au electrode. The system is triggered by photonic and/or electrical signals to yield four different states exhibiting variable binding/release capacities for PVS and controlled wettability of the surface. The electrical/optical uptake and release of PVS to and from the Au NPs "sponge", respectively, is followed by CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, acting as an auxiliary photonic label.
Structural Determinants of High-Affinity Binding of Ryanoids to the Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor: A Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (1994)

Ryanodine binds to specific membrane proteins, altering the calcium permeability of intracellular membranes. In this study 19 ryanoids were isolated or synthesized and the structures correlated to the strength of binding to vertebrate skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors. Global minima were determined by employment of molecular mechanics and dynamics augmented by systematic searching of conformational space. Overall, steric and electrostatic factors contribute about equally to the differences in the experimentally determined dissociation constants. The dominant electrostatic interaction is localized to a hydroxyl group in an apolar region of the molecule. The pyrrole and isopropyl groups located together at one pole of the molecule have the greatest effect on steric interactions between ligand and receptor. We suggest ryanodine binds to the receptor with the pyrrole and isopropyl groups buried deep inside a cleft in the protein. This arrangement places special importance on the conformation of the pyrrole and isopropyl groups. In contrast, the opposite pole appears to be positioned at the entrance of the binding pocket because bulky adducts placed in the 9 position of ryanodine alter binding minimally. For example, a fluorescent ryanodine adduct was synthesized which has a dissociation constant close to that of ryanodine. Detailed examination reveals subtle interactions between ryanoid and receptor. In many cases, the major factors altering the strength of binding were found to be conformational alterations in the molecule remote from the site of covalent modification.
Application of software reliability engineered testing (SRET) to project accounting application (PAA) (2002)

The application of SRET (Software Reliability Engineered Testing) to PAA (Project Accounting Application) can be described by the following process: define necessary reliability, develop the operational profile, analyze operational modes, perform load tests per the operational profile, track field reliability and track field arrival rates. All of these are outlined in this paper. For release 1.0 of the project accounting application (PAA), this operational profile was used for load/stress and performance testing. Nothing else was running on the same machine with the PAA application. Future releases of PAA will require additional load data when new features are added to the PAA machine.
High Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Analysis of the Entire Range of Intact Singly-Charged Proteins (2011)

The proof of principle for high-resolution analysis of intact singly charged proteins of any size is presented. Singly charged protein ions were produced by electrospray ionization followed by surface-induced charge reduction at atmospheric pressure. The inlet and trapping system "stops" the forward momentum of the protein ions over a very broad range to be captured by the digitally produced electric fields of a large radius linear ion trap whereupon they are moved into a smaller radius linear ion trap and collected and concentrated in front of its exit end-cap electrode using digital waveform manipulation. The protein ions are then ejected on demand from the end of the small radius linear quadrupole in a tightly collimated ion beam with an instrumentally defined kinetic energy into the acceleration region of an orthogonal acceleration reflectron time-of-flight mass analyzer where their flight times were measured and detected with a Photonis BiPolar TOF detector. We present results that clearly prove that massive singly charged ions can yield high-resolution mass spectra with very low chemical noise and without loss of sensitivity with increasing mass across the entire spectrum. Analysis of noncovalently bound protein complexes was demonstrated with streptavidin-Cy5 bound with a biotinylated peptide mimic. Our results suggest proteins across the entire range can be directly quantified using our mass analysis technique. We present evidence that solvent molecules noncovalently adduct onto the proteins while yielding consistent flight time distributions. Finally, we provide a look into future that will result from the ability to rapidly measure and quantify protein distributions.
논문 : 칸트와 순자 - 자율성 개념을 중심으로 (2001)

이 논문은 순자의 자율성 개념과 그의 禮 중심의 도덕성 개념을 칸트의 자율성과 도덕성 개념을 비교한 것이다. 이 비교에서 우리는 순자의 도덕 철학이 고대 중국의 자연주의에 대한 대응이라면, 칸트의 윤리학은 근대 기계론적 자연과학의 자연관에 대한 대응으로 볼 수 있음을 보았다. 이 둘의 근본적 차이점은 그들의 자연관에서 찾아질 수 있을 것이다. 칸트가 유물적인 자연과학적 자연관을 받아들인 토대에서 그의 윤리학을 건립한 것처럼, 순자가 비판한 것도 고대 중국의 유기론적 자연관 자체가 아니라 자연주의자들이 자연과 인간의 관계를 상정하는 방식에 있었던 것이다. 따라서 칸트는 인간의 윤리적 영역과 현상적 자연적 영역을 존재론적으로 엄격히 구분한 바탕에서 그의 도덕성의 개념을 설정했다고 한다면, 순자는 도덕성 건립에 있어 인간의 건설적 노력을 중요성을 충분히 강조하면서도 인간의 도덕성의 영역과 자연의 영역 사이의 연속성을 확보하고자 시도했던 것이다.
Edible oleogels in molecular gastronomy (2014)

Experimental chefs and researchers have limited options when structuring lipid-based materials present in foods to include: liquids, solids, foams or emulsions. However, the application of gel technology for lipids is on the cusp of advancing into experimental culinary kitchens around the world. The possibility of utilizing edible oils (and even ethanol) to extract a hydrophobic flavor and then gel the material in a similar fashion as hydrocolloids gel water is now a reality. This review covers the three primary oleogels: ethyl cellulose, mixtures of γ-oryzanol and β-sitosterol and candelilla wax.
A visual analysis and design tool for planning software reengineerings (2011)

Reengineering complex software systems represents a non-trivial process. As a fundamental technique in software engineering, reengineering includes (a) reverse engineering the as-is system design, (b) identifying a set of transformations to the design, and (c) applying these transformations. While methods a) and c) are widely supported by existing tools, identifying possible transformations to improve architectural quality is not well supported and, therefore, becomes increasingly complex in aged and large software systems. In this paper we present a novel visual analysis and design tool to support software architects during reengineering tasks in identifying a given software's design and in visually planning quality-improving changes to its design. The tool eases estimating effort and change impact of a planned reengineering. A prototype implementation shows the proposed technique's feasibility. Three case studies conducted on industrial software systems demonstrate usage and scalability of our approach.
First-principles study of<i>DX</i>centers in CdTe, ZnTe, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Te alloys (1995)

Large lattice relaxation models for DX centers in CdTe, ZnTe, and ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ Te alloys are examined through first-principles pseudopotential calculations. The calculated binding energies of DX centers for Al, Ga, In, Cl, Br, and I donor impurities in CdTe and their pressure and alloy dependence in ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$Te are in good agreement with experimental data. Three distinct types of DX-like structures characterized by either bond rupture or bond compression are found for column VII donors. The relative stability of these structures is impurity and pressure dependent.
Surface Engineered Polymersomes for Enhanced Modulation of Dendritic Cells During Cardiovascular Immunotherapy (2019)

The principle cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by immunologically complex fatty lesions within the intima of arterial vessel walls. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of atherosclerotic inflammation, with mature DCs generating pro-inflammatory signals within vascular lesions and tolerogenic DCs eliciting atheroprotective cytokine profiles and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. Here, we engineered the surface chemistry and morphology of synthetic nanocarriers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers to selectively target and modulate DCs by transporting the anti-inflammatory agent 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (aVD) and ApoB-100 derived antigenic peptide P210. Polymersomes decorated with an optimized surface display and density for a lipid construct of the P-D2 peptide, which binds CD11c on the DC surface, significantly enhanced the cytosolic delivery and resulting immunomodulatory capacity of aVD <i>in vitro</i>. Intravenous administration of the optimized polymersomes achieved selective targeting of DCs in atheroma and spleen compared to all other cell populations, including both immune and CD45<sup>-</sup> cells, and locally increased the presence of tolerogenic DCs and cytokines. aVD-loaded polymersomes significantly inhibited atherosclerotic lesion development in high fat diet-fed <i>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice following 8 weeks of administration. Incorporation of the P210 peptide generated the largest reductions in vascular lesion area (~33%, <i>p<0.001</i>), macrophage content (~55%, <i>p<0.001</i>), and vascular stiffness (4.8-fold). These results correlated with an ~6.5-fold increase in levels of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Our results validate the key role of DC immunomodulation during aVD-dependent inhibition of atherosclerosis and demonstrate the therapeutic enhancement and dosage lowering capability of cell-targeted nanotherapy in the treatment of CVD.
Robust Control of the Two-mass Drive System Using Model Predictive Control (2011)

A demand for the miniaturization and reducing the total moment of inertia which allows to shorten the response time of the whole system is evident in modern drives system. However, reducing the size of the mechanical elements may result in disclosure of the finite stiffness of the drive shaft, which can lead to the occurrence of torsional vibrations. This problem is common in rolling-mill drives, belt-conveyors, paper machines, robotic-arm drives including space manipulators, servo-drives and throttle systems (Itoh et al., 2004, Hace et al., 2005 , Ferretti et al. 2005, Sugiura & Hori, Y., 1996, Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007, O’Sullivan at al. 2007, Ryvkin et al., 2003 , Wang & Frayman, 2004, Vasak & Peric, 2009, Vukosovic & Stojic, 1998). To improve performances of the classical control structure with the PI controller, the additional feedback loop from one selected mechanical state variable can be used. The additional feedback allows setting the desired value of the damping coefficient, but the free value of the resonant frequency cannot be achieved simultaneously (Szabat & OrlowskaKowalska, 2007). According to the literature, the application of the additional feedback from the shaft torque is very common (Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007). The design methodology of that system can be divided into two groups. In the first framework the shaft torque is treated as the disturbance. The simplest approach relies on feeding back the estimated shaft torque to the control structure, with the gain less than one. The more advanced methodology, called Resonance Ratio Control (RRC) is presented in (Hori et al., 1999). The system is said to have good damping ability when the ratio of the resonant to antiresonant frequency has a relatively big value (about 2). The second framework consists in the application of the modal theory. Parameters of the control structure are calculated by comparison of the characteristic equation of the whole system to the desired polynomial. To obtain a free design of the control structure parameters, i.e. the resonant frequency and the damping coefficient, the application of two feedbacks from different groups of mechanical state variables is necessary. The design methodology of this type of the systems is presented in (Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007). The control structures presented so far are based on the classical cascade compensation schemes. Since the early 1960s a completely different approach to the analysis of the system dynamics has been developed – the state space methodology (Michels et al., 2006). The application of the state-space controller allows to place the system poles in an arbitrary position so theoretically it is possible to obtain any dynamic response of the system. The
Delayed Cracking of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels after Deep Drawing (2015)

Certain metastable austenitic stainless steels, especially low-nickel grades, can be susceptible to delayed cracking after forming operations. Small amount of hydrogen is always present in stainless steels as an inevitable impurity. Delayed cracking results from a time-dependent hydrogen redistribution process driven by stress, either applied or residual. In this study, delayed cracking susceptibility of three metastable austenitic stainless steels 301, 301LN and 304 after deep drawing was examined by Swift cup tests. The objective was to clarify the role of alloy composition, strain-induced α’-martensite and residual stresses in delayed cracking. Hydrogen content of the stainless steels, tested in as-produced condition, was < 3 wppm. Detailed characterization of the Swift cups was performed using X-ray diffraction, magnetic permeability measurement, nanoindentation, FEG-SEM and EBSD. Stainless steel 304 with the highest Ni content was not susceptible to delayed cracking regardless of the presence of α’-martensite. Stainless steel 301LN with lower Ni content and lower austenite stability showed minor cracking at the highest drawing ratio. Stainless steel 301 was the most susceptible material, and had the highest residual stresses after deep drawing. Residual stress level in the stainless steels was found to be affected by the amount of α’-martensite and also by the hardness of the phases, both of which depend on chemical composition. Fracture mechanism in delayed cracking was predominantly transgranular quasi-cleavage and crack propagation occurred through α’-martensite. High residual stresses and presence of α’-martensite are essential in delayed cracking of austenitic stainless steels.
-Mannosidosis:Functional Cloning of the Lysosomal  -Mannosidase cDNA and Identification of a Mutation in Two Affected Siblings (1997)

a-Mannosidosis (MIM 248500) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient activity of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (LAMAN) (EC 3.2.1.24). The disease is characterized by massive intracellular accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides with resulting mental retardation, hearing loss, immune deficiency and skeletal changes. We report here the purification and characterization of human placenta LAMAN. The enzyme is synthesized as a single-chain precursor which is processed into three glycopeptides of 70, 42 and 15 kDa. The 70 kDa peptide is further partially proteolysed into three more peptides that are joined by disulfide bridges. The laman cDNA sequence was assembled from overlapping fragments obtained by PCR on human fibroblast and human lung cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 48 amino acids followed by a polypeptide sequence of 962 amino acids. Northern blot analyses revealed a single transcript of approximately 3.5 kb present in all tissues examined but at varying levels. Two affected siblings of Palestinian origin were homozygous for a mutation that causes a His-->Leu replacement at a position which is conserved among class 2 alpha-mannosidases from several species.