gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemagglutinin from the H5N1 Virus Activates Janus Kinase 3 to Dysregulate Innate Immunity (2012)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe disease in humans. There are no effective vaccines or antiviral therapies currently available to control fatal outbreaks due in part to the lack of understanding of virus-mediated immunopathology. In our study, we used hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 virus to investigate the related signaling pathways and their relationship to dysregulated innate immune reaction. We found the HA of H5N1 avian influenza triggered an abnormal innate immune signalling in the pulmonary epithelial cells, through an unusual process involving activation of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) that is exclusively associated with γc chain and is essential for signaling via all γc cytokine receptors. By using a selective JAK3 inhibitor and JAK3 knockout mice, we have, for the first time, demonstrated the ability to target active JAK3 to counteract injury to the lungs and protect immunocytes from acute hypercytokinemia -induced destruction following the challenge of H5N1 HA in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of the present data, it appears that the efficacy of selective JAK3 inhibition is likely based on its ability to block multiple cytokines and protect against a superinflammatory response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) attack. Our findings highlight the potential value of selective JAK3 inhibitor in treating the fatal immunopathology caused by H5N1 challenge.
Waterjet-guided laser processing (2003)

The waterjet-guided laser processing is a thermal cutting process in which the laser beam is used as the machine tool for cutting and the fine waterjet plays a role as an optical waveguide. The laser beam is guided in the waterjet stream with the full reflection that takes place at the boundary between water and air, in a manner similar to glass fibers. The waterjet also has the function of waveguiding and removing the cut products. The diameter of the waterjet can be controled between 50 and 200 μm. The diameter of laser beam is completely utilised. The useful length of waterjet is usually approximately 50 to 100 mm. The type of laser used is a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The advantages of waterjet-guided laser processing are (1) no Z-axis control, (2) narrower cut widths down to 50 μm, (3) very small heat affected zone, (4) a little oxidation of the cut edges, and (5) no assist gas for cutting. A reseach was carried out for the new industrial application which is unsuitable by conventional laser cutting.
Engagement of the Lysine-Specific Demethylase/HDAC1/CoREST/REST Complex by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (2009)

Among the early events in herpes simplex virus 1 replication are localization of ICP0 in ND10 bodies and accumulation of viral DNA-protein complexes in structures abutting ND10. ICP0 degrades components of ND10 and blocks silencing of viral DNA, achieving the latter by dislodging HDAC1 or -2 from the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)/CoREST/REST repressor complex. The role of this process is apparent from the observation that a dominant-negative CoREST protein compensates for the absence of ICP0 in a cell-dependent fashion. HDAC1 or -2 and the CoREST/REST complex are independently translocated to the nucleus once viral DNA synthesis begins. The focus of this report is twofold. First, we report that in infected cells, LSD1, a key component of the repressor complex, is partially degraded or remains stably associated with CoREST and is ultimately also translocated, in part, to the cytoplasm. Second, we examined the distribution of the components of the repressor complex and ICP8 early in infection in wild-type-virus- and ICP0 mutant virus-infected cells. The repressor component and ultimately ICP8 localize in structures that abut the ND10 nuclear bodies. There is no evidence that the two compartments fuse. We propose that ICP0 must dynamically interact with both compartments in order to accomplish its functions of degrading PML and SP100 and suppressing silencing of viral DNA through its interactions with CoREST. In turn, the remodeling of the viral DNA-protein complex enables recruitment of ICP8 and initiation of formation of replication compartments.
The electromagnetics of light transmission through subwavelength slits in metallic films (2011)

By numerically calculating the relevant electromagnetic fields and charge current densities, we show how local charges and currents near subwavelength structures govern light transmission through subwavelength apertures in a real metal film. The illumination of a single aperture generates surface waves; and in the case of slits, generates them with high efficiency and with a phase close to -π with respect to a reference standing wave established at the metal film front facet. This phase shift is due to the direction of induced charge currents running within the slit walls. The surface waves on the entrance facet interfere with the standing wave. This interference controls the profile of the transmission through slit pairs as a function of their separation. We compare the calculated transmission profile for a two-slit array to simple interference models and measurements [Phys. Rev. B 77(11), 115411 (2008)].
Cardiac endothelium and myocardial function (1998)

Endocardial endothelium and vascular endothelium of myocardial capillaries share common features as modulators of cardiac performance, rhythmicity and growth. Growing evidence suggests differences between these two cardiac endothelial cell types with regard to developmental, morphological and functional properties. A major difference probably resides in the way and extent by which these endothelial cells perceive and transmit signals.
Deep Learning Methods in Speaker Recognition: A Review (2021)

This paper reviews the applied Deep Learning (DL) practices in the field of Speaker Recognition (SR), both in verification and identification. Speaker Recognition has been a widely used topic of speech technology. Many research works have been carried out and little progress has been achieved in the past 5–6 years. However, as Deep Learning techniques do advance in most machine learning fields, the former state-of-the-art methods are getting replaced by them in Speaker Recognition too. It seems that Deep Learning becomes the now state-of-the-art solution for both Speaker Verification (SV) and identification. The standard x-vectors, additional to i-vectors, are used as baseline in most of the novel works. The increasing amount of gathered data opens up the territory to Deep Learning, where they are the most effective.
Asymmetric Synthesis of -Substituted N-Methylsulfonamides (2002)

A novel amine auxiliary for the asymmetric synthesis of α-substituted N-methylsulfonamides is described. The reaction of 4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-amine (16) with various aliphatic sulfonyl chlorides afforded the corresponding sulfonamides, which were lithiated and subsequently reacted with electrophiles to give the corresponding products in high yields and good-to-excellent asymmetric inductions (de 83–95%). Racemization-free cleavage of the auxiliary led to the α-alkylated N-methylsulfonamides in acceptable yields and high enantiomer purities (ee 91 to ≥98).
An 8Ghz floating-point multiply (2005)

The implementation of the mantissa portion of a floating-point multiply (54/spl times/54b) is described. The 0.124mm/sup 2/ multiplier is implemented using limited switch dynamic logic and operates at speeds up to 8GHz in a 90nm SOI technology. The multiplier dissipates between 150mW and 1.8W as it scales between 2GHz and 8GHz.
Synthèse de la Borrerine (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthèse de la BorrerineMichèle Döé de Maindreville, Jean Lévy, François Tillequin, and Michel KochCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 3, 310–313Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50027a002https://doi.org/10.1021/np50027a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Candle Flames (2005)

Common household open flame and radiant ignition sources are the actual or suspected cause for many fires. The purpose of this research is to identify the burning behavior and properties of common candles in order to provide additional tools for use by fire investigators. The properties of paraffin wax are obtained from the literature and from experiments. The candles are burned under controlled laboratory conditions to measure the mass burning rate, candle regression rate, flame height, and heat flux. Using the properties of paraffin wax and characteristics of the candles, numerous simulations are performed with the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to model the burning rate and heat flux profile of the candle flame. The modeling results are then compared with the flame height and heat flux data obtained experimentally. The model facilitates an enhanced understanding of the structure of candle flames.
Thermochemistry of Benzvalene, Dihydrobenzvalene, and Cubane:  A High-Level Computational Study (1997)

The thermochemical properties of benzvalene, dihydrobenzvalene, and cubane were determined using ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the G2, G2(MP2), and G2(MP2,SVP) levels of theory. The enthalpy of formation, ΔfH°298, was examined with the use of homodesmic and isodesmic reactions. Based on the present theoretical calculations and available literature data, it is proposed that ΔfH°298 = 92 ± 2 kcal/mol for benzvalene and 55 ± 2 kcal/mol for dihydrobenzvalene. It is concluded that the discrepancy in the ΔfH°298 value of cubane, both experimentally and theoretically, warrants further experimental investigation. The heat capacity and entropy of benzvalene and dihydrobenzvalene were estimated on the basis of HF/6-31G(d) geometry and scaled harmonic frequencies. The adiabatic flame temperature was computed for each compound burning in air at 1 atm pressure using the estimated thermochemical data and compared with common hydrocarbon fuels. Consequently suitable surrogate fuels are identified for the characterization of global combustion processes of benzvalene, dihydrobenzvalene, cubane, and their derivatives.
[Cimetidine for preventing the adverse effects of aspiration during anaesthesia (author's transl)]. (1981)

The aspiration of gastric contents into the bronchial tree is a serious complication in both anaesthetic practice and obstetrics. The main factor in the pathophysiology of this syndrome is the degree of acidity of the aspirated material. A reliable and effective way of preventing its occurrence is to raise the pH of the gastric secretion by administration of the histamine H2 antagonist cimetidine.
Nucleotide sequences of three Nodavirus RNA2's: the messengers for their coat protein precursors (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequences of three Nodavirus RNA2's: the messengers for their coat protein precursors Get access Ranjit Dasgupta, Ranjit Dasgupta Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI 53706, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean-Yves Sgro Jean-Yves Sgro Institute for Molecular Virology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI 53706, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 18, 25 September 1989, Pages 7525–7526, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.18.7525 Published: 25 September 1989 Article history Received: 04 August 1989 Published: 25 September 1989
Dynamic compression of highly compressible porous media with application to snow compaction (2005)

A new experimental and theoretical approach is presented to examine the dynamic lift forces that are generated in the compression of both fresh powder snow and wind-packed snow. At typical skiing velocities of 10 to 30ms $^{-1}$ the duration of contact of a ski or snowboard with the snow will vary from 0.05 to 0.2s depending on the length of the planing surface and its speed. No one, to our knowledge, has previously measured the dynamic behaviour of snow on such a short time scale and, thus, there are no existing measurements of the excess pore pressure that can build-up in snow on this time scale. Using a novel porous cylinder–piston apparatus, we have measured the excess pore pressure that would build-up beneath the piston surface and have also measured its subsequent decay due to the venting of the air from the snow at the porous wall of the cylinder. In further experiments, in which the air is slowly and deliberately drained to avoid a build-up in pore pressure, we have been able to separate out the force exerted by the ice crystal phase as a function of its instantaneous deformation. A theoretical model for the pore pressure relaxation in the porous cylinder is then developed using consolidation theory. Dramatically different dynamic behaviour is observed for two different snow types, one (wind-packed) giving a steady continuous relaxation of the excess pore pressure and the other (fresh powder) leading to a piston rebound with negative pore pressure. A feature of the rebound is the apparent debonding of sintered ice crystals after maximum compression. This behaviour is described well by introducing a debonding coefficient where the debonding force is proportional to the expansion velocity of the medium. The experimental and theoretical approach presented herein and the previous generalized lubrication theory for compressible porous media, have laid the foundation for understanding the detailed dynamic response of soft porous layers to rapid deformation.
Acute Effects of the Glucagon‐Like Peptide 2 Analogue, Teduglutide, on Intestinal Adaptation in Short Bowel Syndrome (2014)

ABSTRACT Neonatal short bowel syndrome following massive gut resection is associated with malabsorption of nutrients. The intestinotrophic factor glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2) improves gut function in adult patients with short bowel syndrome, but its effect in pediatric patients remains unknown. Our objective was to test the efficacy of the long‐acting synthetic human GLP‐2 analogue, teduglutide (ALX‐0600), in a neonatal piglet jejunostomy model. Two‐day‐old pigs were subjected to resection of 50% of the small intestine (distal part), and the remnant intestine was exteriorized on the abdominal wall as a jejunostomy. All pigs were given total parenteral nutrition for 7 days and a single daily injection of the following doses of teduglutide: 0.01 (n = 6), 0.02 (n = 6), 0.1 (n = 5), or 0.2 mg · kg −1 · day −1 (n = 6), and compared with placebo (n = 9). Body weight increment was similar for all 4 teduglutide groups but higher than placebo ( P < 0.05). There was a dose‐dependent increase in weight per length of the remnant intestine ( P < 0.01) and fractional protein synthesis rate in the intestine was increased in the 0.2 mg · kg −1 · day −1 group versus placebo ( P < 0.001); however, functional and structural endpoints including activity of digestive enzymes, absorption of enteral nutrients, and immunohistochemistry (Ki67, villin, FABP2, ChgA, and GLP‐2R) were not affected by the treatment. Teduglutide induces trophicity on the remnant intestine but has limited acute effects on functional endpoints. Significant effects of teduglutide on gut function may require a longer adaptation period and/or a more frequent administration of the peptide. In perspective, GLP‐2 or its analogues may be relevant to improve intestinal adaptation in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome.
Clinical and Abnormal Psychology (1990)

Emotional Disorders (Contributors: A. Ehlers W. Battmann J.A. Franklin, G. Andrews S. Srinivasan C. Moran, G. Andrews M. Akhtar C.-W. Kohlmann, P. Singer, H.W. Krohne K. Myambo J.M. McWilliams, J. Schnorr J. Dua D. Morawetz E.M. Heiby W.M. Reynolds D.J. Kavanagh G.H. Eifert, L. Craill). Addictive and Eating Disorders (Contributors: N. Heather H. Leventhal, R. Fleming, D. Wagstaff N. Maus, V. Pudel, J. Westenhofer, G. Tischner-Krause W.R. Coleman, A.M. Woltman E.H. Wertheim, C. Gaab, B.J. Coish, K. Weiss ) Childhood Disorders and Developmental Disabilities (Contributors: R. McGee, S. Williams R.J. Resnick, K.P. Schonauer C. Dissanayake, S.A. Crossley D.E. Nathanson J.L. Sheppard) Schizophrenia (Contributors: E. Walker V. Carr, J. Wale B.R. Rund W.D. Pithers W.H. Holtzman) Neuropsychology (Contributors: J.I. Laszlo, P.J. Bairstow L.A. Miller R. Gonzalez, M.C. Ventura ' L.E. Baade, B. Silkey, N.E. Roach, R.A. Guthrie D. Ivison F. Lane, J. Snowdon) Health Psychology (Contributors: A. Leppin, R. Schwarzer N. Rossi, P.E. Ricci Bitti, L.A. Bonatti, P.L. Garotti, C. Borghi, F.V. Costa G. Rodriguez, R. Hernandez-Pozo, J.M. Alavarez-Manilla, J. Negrete S. Schwartz P.C. Birrell B. Oldenburg, R. Allan, G. Fastier J.B. Pimm, J.R. Jude A. Gilbert, N. Quintrell J.C. Richards, M.M. Wood, R.S. Kalucy, V.R. Marshall, D. Derham A.W. Webber, C. Negy, R.K. Young B.J. Jardine, C.O. Fraser D. Frey, O. Rogner, D. Havemann S.H. Spence). Author Index. Committees of the XXIV International Congress of Psychology. International Union of Psychological Science.
Butenyl-spinosyns, a natural example of genetic engineering of antibiotic biosynthetic genes (2005)

Spinosyns, a novel class of insect active macrolides produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, are used for insect control in a number of commercial crops. Recently, a new class of spinosyns was discovered from S. pogona NRRL 30141. The butenyl-spinosyns, also called pogonins, are very similar to spinosyns, differing in the length of the side chain at C-21 and in the variety of novel minor factors. The butenyl-spinosyn biosynthetic genes (bus) were cloned on four cosmids covering a contiguous 110-kb region of the NRRL 30141 chromosome. Their function in butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis was confirmed by a loss-of-function deletion, and subsequent complementation by cloned genes. The coding sequences of the butenyl-spinosyn biosynthetic genes and the spinosyn biosynthetic genes from S. spinosa were highly conserved. In particular, the PKS-coding genes from S. spinosa and S. pogona have 91-94% nucleic acid identity, with one notable exception. The butenyl-spinosyn gene sequence codes for one additional PKS module, which is responsible for the additional two carbons in the C-21 tail. The DNA sequence of spinosyn genes in this region suggested that the S. spinosa spnA gene could have been the result of an in-frame deletion of the S. pogona busA gene. Therefore, the butenyl-spinosyn genes represent the putative parental gene structure that was naturally engineered by deletion to create the spinosyn genes.
Key-sequence data sets on indelible storage (1986)

Methods for creating and maintaining key-sequence data sets without overwriting the storage medium are described. These methods may be applied to erasable or to write-once storage devices, and they are compatible with conventional device error-management techniques. All past values of data records are preserved in a data structure called a Write-Once B-Tree. Rapid random access is available to records by key value; rapid sequential access is available to records in key-sequence order. Moreover, queries requesting data as of a previous time are processed as rapidly as requests for current data. Access time is proportional to the logarithm of the number of current records in the database. Efficient methods for inserting, updating, and deleting records are described. Upper bounds for tree depth and for storage consumption are given and compared with results from simulation. It is concluded that, with rapidly improving storage technologies, indelible databases will become practical for many applications.
Near infrared spectroscopy, the skeleton key for bone identification (2018)

Chapman, JM ORCiD: 0000-0002-9850-0403; Cozzolino, D ORCiD: 0000-0001-6247-8817; Power, A ORCiD: 0000-0002-7119-8486
An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment (2021)

Abstract In the shatter regime of a Whipple shield, a large central fragment makes a significant contribution to the damage-causing capacity of the debris cloud. Herein we present a feasible scheme for the identification and measurement of this large central fragment and propose an alternative approach to the ballistic limit equation (BLE) for the Whipple shield, deducing an alternative ballistic limit in the shatter regime based on the large central fragment’s characteristics. This alternative BLE is compared with the phenomenological Whipple BLE, the JSC Whipple BLE and the Ryan curve. Our alternative BLE, modified at the incipient fragmentation and completed fragmentation point, is shown to agree well with experimental results.
ReconOS (2009)

Rising logic densities together with the inclusion of dedicated processor cores push reconfigurable devices from being applied for glue logic and prototyping towards implementing complete reconfigurable systems-on-chip. The mix of fast CPU cores and fine-grained reconfigurable logic allows to map both sequential, control-dominated code and highly parallel data-centric computations onto one platform. However, traditional design techniques that view specialized hardware circuits as passive coprocessors are ill-suited for programming these reconfigurable computers. In particular, the programming models for software—running on an embedded operating system—and digital hardware—synthesized to an FPGA—lack commonalities, which hinders design space exploration and severely impairs the potential for code reuse. In this article, we present ReconOS, an execution environment based on existing embedded operating systems that extends the multithreaded programming model established in the software domain to reconfigurable hardware. Using threads and common synchronization and communication services as an abstraction layer, ReconOS allows for the creation of portable and flexible multithreaded applications targeting CPU/FPGA systems. This article discusses the ReconOS programming model and its execution environment, presents implementations based on modern platform FPGAs and the operating systems eCos and Linux, evaluates time and area overheads of the proposed mechanisms and, finally, demonstrates the feasibility of the multithreading design approach on several case studies.