gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PCR identification of HIV‐1 DNA sequences in brain tissue of patients with AIDS encephalopathy (1993)

We analyzed brain tissue from 39 patients for the presence of proviral HIV-1 sequences, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of segments of the viral LTR and gag genes. A novel primer extension procedure allowed the detection of a single HIV-1 copy in 1 micrograms DNA. We detected proviral HIV-1 DNA in 16 of 25 brain samples from AIDS patients. Semiquantitative evaluation of the amplified DNAs indicated considerable variation in viral load. Highest levels of proviral DNA were present in brain samples from six patients with clinical evidence of HIV-associated cognitive/motor complex and the histopathologic correlate of HIV leukoencephalopathy or HIV encephalitis. An additional 11 brain samples contained smaller amounts of proviral DNA. In these patients, clinical data were inconclusive regarding the diagnosis of HIV-1 encephalopathy and histopathologically there was no evidence of HIV-1-induced tissue lesions. In nine of 25 seropositive patients with AIDS (36%), brain samples scored negative or did not contain an unequivocal signal indicating the presence of proviral DNA. HIV-1 sequences were not detected in any of 14 control brain samples from HIV-1 seronegative patients. Our data indicate that HIV-1 is present in the central nervous system of the majority (two thirds) of AIDS patients and that the highest levels of proviral DNA in brain tissue are associated with HIV encephalopathy.
Testing Limits of Algorithms Associated with High Frequency Planar Electromagnetic Analysis (2003)

The accuracy of numerical electromagnetic analysis is limited by numerous sources of error. Dynamic range is a fundamental limitation due to the finite precision arithmetic used by computers. This limitation, as well as limitations involving box resonances and subsectioning approaches, is explored quantitatively. In this way, users of such software can gain an understanding as to the range of problems for which a numerical electromagnetic analysis can give accurate answers, and the range for which the results may be in question.
Design of TFT_LCD Display System Based on S3C2440A (2011)

Based on the structure of TFT_LCD controller in S3C2440A, the hardware design of a special LCD display system is completed which is composed of S3C2440A and liquid crystal display modules of TFT_LCD. The reliable control of TFT-LCD is achieved through SPI &RGB interface mode, and the methods of the display program and register initialization of display system are presented. The system can be applied to TFT_LCD module of different resolutions for testing instruments data-showing. The design can also be made as a reference for engineer in developing the LCD display system to shorten the development cycle and save cost.
Magnetoconductance in Alq_3 -based organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

Organic light-emitting diode ( OLED ) with structure of ITO /CuPc /NPB /Alq3 /LiF /Al was fabricated,and the magnetic field effect on the injection current (magnetoconductance or MC effect) at 300 K,260 K,220 K,and 180 K were measured at constant voltage bias. During the transition of injection current from bipolar current to unipolar current,the MC of the device increased firstly and fell with the decreasing current. The MC became smaller at the lower temperatures. However,under all measurement conditions,the values of the MC were always positive. The inversion of MC from positive to negative as reported in literatures was not observed. The experimental results demonstrate that the ± MC effects in OLED not only depend on the unipolar or bipolar current. It is also related with the organic materials and device structure. Using the magnetic field modulated electron-hole pair mechanism and bipolaron model,the positive MC effects in bipolar and unipolar injection current are interpreted,respectively.
Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Based on both Contour and Skeleton Segmentation (2009)

We propose a new algorithm for segmentation of off-line handwritten Arabic words. The algorithm segments the connected letters to smaller segments each of which contains no more than three letters. Each letter may be segmented to at most five pieces. In addition to improving the recognition of Arabic words, another potential application of the proposed segmentation method is to build lexicon of small size, consisting of no more than three letter combinations. Generally, it is very hard to generate lexicon for recognition of unconstraint handwritten Arabic documents due to the large number of words of Arabic language.The algorithm has been tested on over 6300 words from 45 different documents written by 18 writers. The system is able to segment more than 93% of the words into segments, each containing at most one letter, 6% of the words into segments that contains two letters and 3% of the words into segments that contains three letters.
IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor strongly induce Ig secretion by sort-purified murine B cell activated through the membrane Ig, but not the CD40, signaling pathway. (1995)

Sort-purified resting murine B cells proliferate in response to dextran-conjugated anti-IgD Abs (alpha delta-dex) but fail to secrete significant amounts of Ig even after the addition of IL-1 + IL-2. We show that either IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) stimulates 10- to 50-fold enhancements in IgM secretion by sort-purified B cells treated with alpha delta-dex + IL-1 + IL-2, and that the combined actions of IL-3 and GM-CSF are typically greater than additive. Both IL-3 and GM-CSF act primarily as B cell differentiation factors, although IL-3 induces a modest enhancement in cellular outgrowth. The enhancing effects of IL-3 and GM-CSF require multivalent Ag receptor cross-linkage, mediated by alpha delta-dex, as neither cytokine induces IgM secretion in the presence of unconjugated anti-IgD Abs. Although both alpha delta-dex and IL-1 + IL-2 are required for optimal IL-3- and GM-CSF-mediated IgM secretion, both IL-3 and GM-CSF stimulate a modest IgM secretory response by cells activated with alpha delta-dex alone. In this regard, supernatant from either an activated CD4+ Th1 or Th2 clone potently induces IgM secretion by alpha delta-dex + IL-1 + IL-2-activated B cells and this is due, in large part, to the presence in these supernatants of either IL-3 and/or GM-CSF. Neither IL-3 nor GM-CSF stimulates significant IgM secretion by B cells activated through the CD40 signaling pathway alone, although the combination of CD40 and membrane Ig signaling leads to a strong enhancement of the IL-3 + GM-CSF-mediated IgM synthesis above that obtained with membrane Ig signaling alone. The demonstration that IL-3 and GM-CSF act directly as differentiation factors for B cells activated through their Ag receptor establishes a novel cytokine pathway for induction of humoral immunity.
SpiroCall (2016)

Cost and accessibility have impeded the adoption of spirometers (devices that measure lung function) outside clinical settings, especially in low-resource environments. Prior work, called SpiroSmart, used a smartphone's built-in microphone as a spirometer. However, individuals in low- or middle-income countries do not typically have access to the latest smartphones. In this paper, we investigate how spirometry can be performed from any phone-using the standard telephony voice channel to transmit the sound of the spirometry effort. We also investigate how using a 3D printed vortex whistle can affect the accuracy of common spirometry measures and mitigate usability challenges. Our system, coined SpiroCall, was evaluated with 50 participants against two gold standard medical spirometers. We conclude that SpiroCall has an acceptable mean error with or without a whistle for performing spirometry, and advantages of each are discussed.
Pan LF-ELISA using BmR1 and BmSXP recombinant antigens for detection of lymphatic filariasis (2007)

A sensitive and specific pan LF-ELISA for detection of lymphatic filariasis was successfully developed using two adjacent wells, each separately coated with BmR1 and BmSXP.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Resveratrol Derivatives as Melanogenesis Inhibitors (2015)

Resveratrol (1), a naturally occurring stilbene compound, has been suggested as a potential whitening agent with strong inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis. However, the use of resveratrol in cosmetics has been limited due to its chemical instability and poor bioavailability. Therefore, resveratrol derivatives were prepared to improve bioavailability and anti-melanogenesis activity. Nine resveratrol derivatives including five alkyl ether derivatives with C₂H₅, C₄H₉, C₅H11, C₆H13, and C₈H17 (2a-2e) and four ester derivatives with CH₃, CH=C(CH₃)₂, CH(C₂H₅)C₄H₉, C₇H15 (3a-3d) were newly synthesized and their effect on melanin synthesis were assessed. All the synthetic derivatives efficiently reduced the melanin content in α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Further investigation showed that the inhibitory effect of 2a on melanin synthesis was achieved not by the inhibition of tyrosinase activity but by the inhibition of melanogenic enzyme expressions such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1. Our synthetic resveratrol derivatives have more lipophilic properties than resveratrol by the addition of alkyl or acyl chains to free hydroxyl moiety of resveratrol; thus, they are expected to show better bioavailability in skin application. Therefore, we suggest that our synthetic resveratrol derivatives might be promising candidates for better practical application to skin-whitening cosmetics.
Mitochondrial transplantation—a possible therapeutic for mitochondrial dysfunction? (2020)

Transplantation of functional mitochondria directly into defective cells is a novel approach that has recently caught the attention of scientists and the general public alike. Could this be too good to be true?
JPEG XS—A New Standard for Visually Lossless Low-Latency Lightweight Image Coding (2021)

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) XS is a new International Standard from the JPEG Committee (formally known as ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) JTC1/SC29/WG1). It defines an interoperable, visually lossless low-latency lightweight image coding that can be used for mezzanine compression within any AV market. Among the targeted use cases, one can cite video transport over professional video links (serial digital interface (SDI), internet protocol (IP), and Ethernet), real-time video storage, memory buffers, omnidirectional video capture and rendering, and sensor compression (for example, in cameras and the automotive industry). The core coding system is composed of an optional color transform, a wavelet transform, and a novel entropy encoder, processing groups of coefficients by coding their magnitude level and packing the magnitude refinement. Such a design allows for visually transparent quality at moderate compression ratios, scalable end-to-end latency that ranges from less than one line to a maximum of 32 lines of the image, and a low-complexity real-time implementation in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), central processing unit (CPU), and graphics processing unit (GPU). This article details the key features of this new standard and the profiles and formats that have been defined so far for the various applications. It also gives a technical description of the core coding system. Finally, the latest performance evaluation results of recent implementations of the standard are presented, followed by the current status of the ongoing standardization process and future milestones.
Current Knowledge on Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death with a median survival of 6 months and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3-5%. The development and progression of pancreatic cancer are caused by the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of many signaling pathways. Therefore, the strategies targeting these molecules as well as their downstream signaling could be promising for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, although targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer have yielded encouraging results in vitro and in animal models, these findings have not been translated into improved outcomes in clinical trials. This failure is due to an incomplete understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer and to the selection of poorly efficient or imperfectly targeted agents. In this review, we will critically present the current knowledge regarding the molecular, biochemical, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of pancreatic cancer.
Re-Evaluation of a Solid-Phase Hydantoin Synthesis (2004)

Solid-phase methods for the preparation of hydantoins are reviewed. Furthermore, an optimized method based on the concourse of 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole allows the preparation of hydantoins without loss of chiral integrity. Keywords: amino acid, combinatorial chemistry, cyclization, libraries, solid support
High-affinity adsorption leads to molecularly ordered interfaces on TiO <sub>2</sub> in air and solution (2018)

Researchers around the world have observed the formation of molecularly ordered structures of unknown origin on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) photocatalysts exposed to air and solution. Using a combination of atomic-scale microscopy and spectroscopy, we show that TiO<sub>2</sub> selectively adsorbs atmospheric carboxylic acids that are typically present in parts-per-billion concentrations while effectively repelling other adsorbates, such as alcohols, that are present in much higher concentrations. The high affinity of the surface for carboxylic acids is attributed to their bidentate binding. These self-assembled monolayers have the unusual property of being both hydrophobic and highly water-soluble, which may contribute to the self-cleaning properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> This finding is relevant to TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis, because the self-assembled carboxylate monolayers block the undercoordinated surface cation sites typically implicated in photocatalysis.
Intracellular targeting and import of an F1-ATPase beta-subunit-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein into yeast mitochondria. (1984)

The gene coding for the yeast mitochondrial F1-ATPase beta subunit (ATP2) has been fused to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. The chimeric ATP2-lacZ gene codes for a hybrid protein consisting of some 350 amino acids of the F1-ATPase beta subunit at its amino terminus and a large enzymatically active portion of the lacZ gene product, beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23), at its carboxyl terminus. The beta-subunit-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein is expressed in both E. coli and yeast. In yeast, this hybrid molecule is targeted to the mitochondrion and is protected in isolated mitochondria from added protease under conditions in which an outer membrane enzymatic marker is digested. Yeast cells carrying the ATP2-lacZ gene fusion on plasmid p beta Z1 are unable to grow on a nonfermentable carbon source. Upon loss of the p beta Z1 plasmid, growth of the cured host strain on the nonfermentable substrate is restored. In the presence of the beta-subunit-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein, the energy-transducing capacity of the mitochondrial membrane as measured by the 32Pi-ATP exchange reaction is only 9% of that measured in the absence of the gene fusion product. The results indicate that it is the presence of the beta-subunit-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein within mitochondria that interferes with function(s) essential for respiratory growth. These observations open up the prospect of genetic characterization of the signals and cellular machinery responsible for mitochondrial protein delivery.
JPEG2000, the next millennium compression standard for still images (2003)

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new functionality. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being designed: JPEG2000. We see what the exact goals are of this future standard, which applications it addresses and the current standardisation process. Then we show through the descriptions of two available demonstrations what kind of results are already reachable with the current status of the standard. The first demonstration describes a Java implementation of the future standard, details the advantages of such an implementation and compares the performance of JPEG2000 with that of JPEG. The second demonstration describes how JPEG2000 can be used in domains were the transmission bandwidth is very restricted, taking advantages of new functions such as the definition of regions of interest and progressive transmission.
CD16+ Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Activate Resting T Cells for HIV Infection by Producing CCR3 and CCR4 Ligands (2006)

The CD16(+) monocyte (Mo) subset produces proinflammatory cytokines and is expanded in peripheral blood during progression to AIDS, but its contribution to HIV pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigate the capacity of human CD16(+) and CD16(-) Mo subsets to render resting CD4(+) T cells permissive for HIV replication. We demonstrate that CD16(+) Mo preferentially differentiate into macrophages (Mphi) that activate resting T cells for productive HIV infection by producing the CCR3 and CCR4 ligands CCL24, CCL2, CCL22, and CCL17. CD16(+), but not CD16(-), Mo-derived Mphi from HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals constitutively produce CCL24 and CCL2. Furthermore, these chemokines stimulate HIV replication in CD16(-) Mo:T cell cocultures. Engagement of CCR3 and CCR4 by CCL24 and CCL2, respectively, along with stimulation via CD3/CD28, renders T cells highly permissive for productive HIV infection. Moreover, HIV replicates preferentially in CCR3(+) and CCR4(+) T cells. These findings reveal a new pathway of T cell costimulation for increased susceptibility to HIV infection via engagement of CCR3 and CCR4 by chemokines constitutively produced by CD16(+) Mo/Mphi. Thus, expansion of CD16(+) Mo in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients and their subsequent recruitment into tissues may contribute to chronic immune activation and establishment of viral reservoirs in resting T cells.
A Scalable Clustering Algorithm for Serendipity in Recommender Systems (2018)

High sparsity and the problem of overspecialization are challenges faced by collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms in recommender systems. In this paper, we design an approach that efficiently tackles the above problems. We address the first issue of high sparsity in CF by modifying the popular parallel seeding technique proposed by Bahmani et al. for use in a spherical setting, for the clustering of users. Experimental evaluations on highly sparse real world datasets demonstrate the better performance of our algorithm than existing Spherical K-Means algorithms. Contrary to the common belief that users are only interested in items similar to those of their previous liking, it has been well established that including serendipitous recommendations improves their satisfaction. Thus, to tackle the second problem of overspecialization, we effectuate serendipity in movie recommender systems with an end-to-end algorithm, Serendipitous Clustering for Collaborative Filtering (SC-CF) that considers diversity, unexpectedness and relevance. SC-CF takes advantage of carefully generated user profiles to then assign users to a "serendipitous cluster." The overall clustering process leverages these user profiles and improves recommendation quality through serendipity. A series of experiments on Serendipity 2018 (part of Movielens) dataset built on real user feedback has shown that SC-CF outperforms the existing popular recommendation methods like K-Means and deep learning based CF.
Weltkunstgeschichte und Universalismusbegriffe: 1900/2010 (2017)

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Brain dynein crossbridges microtubules into bundles (1989)

Cytoplasmic dynein was purified from pig brain, using a modified version of published procedures, in order to study its interaction with microtubules. Since the preparation produces ATP-dependent sliding of taxol-stabilized purified microtubules over glass and runs on SDS-containing gels as a major band exceeding 300,000 Mr plus a medium chain band at about 75,000 Mr, it is assumed to be identical to the mammalian brain dynein (MAP 1C) purified by Vallee and colleagues. When viewed by electron microscopy in negative stain, individual particles show two distinct configurations. Some are clearly similar to the two-headed bouquet structure already shown for MAP 1C. A larger number of molecules in the present preparation appear to have two heads fused together, forming a dimeric globular particle with two separate tails. They are referred to as phiparticles, because of their resemblance to the greek letter phi. A model for the structural relationship between the two molecular forms is presented. The stems of two associated dynein subunits may separate beyond the base, to form a bouquet, or they may remain fused to form the larger tail of a phi-particle. The smaller tail probably represents a combined pair of features equivalent to the 'stalks' shown to emanate from axonemal dynein heads by Goodenough and colleagues. Both tails of a phi-particle can bind to microtubules, even in the presence of ATP, and cause microtubule bundling. These results suggest a complete structural homology between axonemal and cytoplasmic dynein.
IL‐15/IL‐15Rα Intracellular Trafficking in Human Cells and Protection from Apoptosisa<sup>a</sup> (1999)

IL-15 is an immunostimulatory cytokine sharing with IL-2 the IL-2R beta gamma complex. In vivo, IL-15 detection in synovial fluids has been associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis. A debate exists as to whether IL-15 has the potential to be secreted in meaningful amounts or to act as a pericellular cytokine. Our data show (1) the presence of two IL-15 isoforms displaying signal peptides of different length and the capacity to be secreted restricted to the isoform bearing the longer one; (2) in cells expressing the two isoforms, the existence of different nuclear localization and intracellular trafficking of IL-15 and IL-15R alpha; and (3) an intercellular microcirculation of IL-15, not detectable with ELISA kits, but displaying a role as an anti-apoptotic factor able to induce the deflection of the TNFR associated factor 2 (TRAF) to IL-15R alpha. Our data point to a juxtacrine mechanism of action of IL-15 and suggest a role for IL-15/IL-15R alpha in the regulation of apoptosis.