gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Properties of Aerosols Produced in Helium by a Direct Injection Nebulizer (1999)

Fundamental properties of aerosol produced in helium by a direct injection nebulizer (DIN) are determined on a whole-field and spatially resolved basis by using optical patternation and phase-Doppler particle analysis, respectively. The spray structure realized with argon requires a helium gas flow rate higher than the rate for argon. The helium-generated aerosol generally exhibits larger droplet sizes and volume flux, lower mean droplet velocities, and lower droplet number densities than aerosols produced with argon. These findings collectively suggest that helium plasmas should be cooled by the aerosol to a greater extent than argon plasmas.
Spatio-temporal filtering in laser Doppler holography for retinal blood\n flow imaging (2020)

Laser Doppler holography (LDH) is a full-field interferometric imaging\ntechnique recently applied in ophthalmology to measure blood flow, a parameter\nof high clinical interest. From the temporal fluctuations of digital holograms\nacquired at ultrafast frame rates, LDH reveals retinal and choroidal blood flow\nwith a few milliseconds of temporal resolution. However LDH experiences\ndifficulties to detect slower blood flow as it requires to work with low\nDoppler frequency shifts which are corrupted by eye motion. We here demonstrate\nthe use of a spatio-temporal decomposition adapted from Doppler ultrasound that\nprovides a basis appropriate to the discrimination of blood flow from eye\nmotion. A singular value decomposition (SVD) can be used as a simple, robust,\nand efficient way to separate the Doppler fluctuations of blood flow from those\nof strong spatial coherence such as eye motion. We show that the SVD\noutperforms the conventional Fourier based filter to reveal slower blood flow,\nand dramatically improves the ability of LDH to reveal vessels of smaller size\nor with a pathologically reduced blood flow.\n
Magnetic navigation system for home use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (2012)

We are developing stimulation coil navigation systems for home use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). rTMS is effective for intractable diseases of the nervous system. However, the effects of rTMS last only for several hours, requiring a continuing daily rTMS therapies in a nearby clinic. A magnetic navigation system, the present system for fulfilling such needs, uses downsized, lightweight, low-cost magnetic sensors with datasets relating the magnetic field to the 3D position of the stimulation coil instead of the complicated handling and operation of large-scale and expensive devices or systems like a 3D position-measurement device. This system has been modified for home use and is easily available to non-medical staff. However, in a hospital, a large number of datasets, at least 500, is required, so collecting datasets might be a burden for the physician. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for extracting the necessary datasets for navigation. In the proposed method, many more datasets, which can handle any shape of a patient's head, are prepared in advance. The physician then collects only a few samples in the hospital. The system extracts the remaining datasets necessary for navigation by applying geometric model approximations like Delaunay triangulation or the ellipsoid model to the data for these samples. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method by a simulation of extracting datasets and navigating using a head model. The proposed method reduces the number of datasets collected by physicians from 500 to 10, thus reducing physicians' burdens.
Anti‐proliferative Activity of Nano‐Formulated Phenolato Titanium(IV) Complexes Against Cancer Cells (2014)

Nanoparticles of titanium(IV) complexes of phenolato ligands were formed and evaluated for cytotoxicity toward human HT-29 colon cancer, murine T-25 lymphoma, and murine HU-2 multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. The nano-formulation, besides increasing the complexes' shelf lives, is particularly efficient in overcoming limitations in solubility and cell-penetration, thus enhancing biological accessibility; large complexes that were inactive when measured in a non-formulated form showed marked activity when nano-formulated. For active and accessible small complexes, the effect of the formulation was negligible. Most complexes showed similar activity toward MDR cells and their drug-sensitive analogues, further increasing their therapeutic potential. An exception is a particularly hydrophobic complex, which is presumably more accessible to interaction with the membrane ABCB1 (MDR1) transporter active in the multidrug resistance of HU-2 cells. The most efficient compound is a mononuclear complex of a single hexadentate ligand, combining particularly high activity and hydrolytic stability with accessibility aided by the nano-formulation.
Enhancement of antenna parameters of slotted waveguide antennas using metamaterials (2014)

Some of the benefits of integrating metamaterial structures into slotted waveguide antennas are addressed in this paper. The metamaterials developed for this application are based on the split-ring resonator design. These metamaterial structures were modeled in a vertical orientation located on top of the slots of the antenna. The enhancement of antenna performance with the addition of metamaterial structures is evident in the data resulting in 38% increase in directivity and gain and giving rise to 17% narrower beamwidth of the slotted waveguide antenna. The next phase of the project is to manufacture the metamaterial slotted waveguide antenna and validate the simulation results.
Inhibition of Pneumococcal Carriage in Mice by Subcutaneous Immunization with Peptides from the Common Surface Protein Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (2002)

Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), a common protein expressed on all 90 pneumococcal serotypes, is a vaccine candidate. Three anti-PsaA monoclonal antibody phage display-expressed monopeptides (15 mers), in various formulations as lipidated or nonlipidated multiantigenic peptides or as bi- or tripeptide constructs, were studied in a mouse nasopharyngeal carriage model to determine the inhibitory effect of induced antibodies on carriage of pneumococcal serotypes 2, 4, and 6B. Antibodies to each of the various peptides tested reduced carriage of the 3 serotypes. Reduction in carriage by nonlipidated multiantigenic peptide antibodies was highly variable (39%-94%; mean, 59%; standard deviation [SD], 20.2%); however, more-consistent results were observed in mice immunized with lipidated (56%-98%; mean, 69%; SD, 13.6%) and combination or bipeptide (55%-91%; mean, 76%; SD, 13.1%) formulations. These peptides are immunogenic, and their induced antibodies reduce carriage in mice. PsaA peptides demonstrate potential for being important new vaccines against pneumococcal carriage, otitis media, and invasive pneumococcal disease.
Development and evaluation of a 3D ultrasound imaging system (2002)

The use of a 3D ultrasound imaging to perform a prostate examination will overcome the limitations of conventional 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and permit the estimation of prostate and tumor volumes with greater accuracy and and consistency. In this way, the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer can be made more accurate and less operator dependent. With a 3D ultrasound imaging system, the patient's prostate can be scanned in only a few seconds and the resulting 3D image can be later manipulated and viewed interactively on a computer, after the patient has departed, and prostate and tumor volumes can be measured with better accuracy and reproducibility. The authors developed a 3D TRUS system to image the prostate.
Polyaromatic ether‐sulfone‐ketones with fluorosubstituted <i>p</i>‐cyclophane units as crosslinking sites (1983)

Abstract Polyaromatic either‐sulfone‐ketones containing fluoro‐substituted p ‐cyclophane units were prepared from isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, diphenyl ether, diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone, and a small amount of 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10‐octafluoro‐[2,2]‐ p ‐cyclophane (type A) or pseudo‐ p ‐1,12,2,9,9,10,10‐octafluoro‐[2,2]‐ p ‐cyclophane bis‐acid chloride (type B) by Friedel‐Crafts‐type polymerization. The p ‐cyclophane units were incorporated as crosslinking sites. Crosslinking was achieved by curing polymers at 300–350°C for several days. The polymers obtained, containing 1–10 wt % fluoro‐substituted p ‐cyclophane units, were moderately soluble in dichloromethane, DMF, and sulfuric acid with inherent viscosities between 0.4 and 0.6. Laminates on glass fiber were made with excellent thermal stability.
DISCOVERY, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE ZARAGOZIC ACIDS: Potent Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase (1995)

The zaragozic acids (ZAs), a family of fungal metabolites containing a novel 4,6,7-trihydroxy-2,8-dioxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid core, were discovered independently by two separate groups screening natural product sources to discover inhibitors of squalene synthase. This family of compounds all contain the same core but differ in their 1-alkyl and their 6-acyl side chains. Production of the ZAs is distributed over an extensive taxonomic range of Ascomycotina or their anamorphic states. The zaragozic acids are very potent inhibitors of squalene synthase that inhibit cholesterol synthesis and lower plasma cholesterol levels in primates. They also inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis and are potent fungicidal compounds. The biosynthesis of the zaragozic acids appears to proceed through alkyl citrate intermediates and new members of the family have been produced through directed biosynthesis. These potent natural product based inhibitors of squalene synthase have potential to be developed either as cholesterol lowering agents and/or as antifungal agents.
Discovery of a Catalytic Asymmetric Phosphorylation through Selection of a Minimal Kinase Mimic:  A Concise Total Synthesis of <scp>d</scp>-<i>myo</i>-Inositol-1-Phosphate (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDiscovery of a Catalytic Asymmetric Phosphorylation through Selection of a Minimal Kinase Mimic: A Concise Total Synthesis of d-myo-Inositol-1-PhosphateBianca R. Sculimbrene and Scott J. MillerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 41, 10125–10126Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2001Publication History Received7 August 2001Published online20 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja016779+Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3390Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (38 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cell and molecular biology,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Self-Orthogonalizing Adaptive Equalization in the Discrete Frequency Domain (1984)

A self-orthogonalizing discrete adaptive equalizer for synchronous data transmission is presented, based on the overlapsave filtering technique. Self-orthogonalization in the discrete frequency domain is adaptively performed by premultiplying by a diagonal matrix the MSE gradient estimates before projecting by means of Rosen's gradient projection method. The diagonal of the matrix is the inverse of the power spectrum of the received sequence taken at equally spaced frequencies, and estimates are obtained by using Bartlett's procedure of periodograms averaging for spectrum estimation. Projection is accomplished by means of an off-line derived projection matrix. Confidence of gradient estimates is improved by means of a block correlated estimation technique using available DFT's of blocks of data. This equalizer is compared to time-domain self-orthogonalizing algorithms as regards speed of convergence and ease of implementation. During the short startup phase, convergence is competitive with that of Godard's algorithm, which is the fastest algorithm known, and in the decision-directed mode, fast convolution performed by blocks results in a considerable reduction of the number of multiplications with respect to the time domain algorithms. A computationally simpler, unconstrained startup algorithm is also examined, obtained by removing the projection while retaining gradient block estimates in the DFD.
Drishti (2018)

Application and platform security has always been critical for the success of any business. Traditionally, applications were deployed directly on physical servers. As a result, there are myriad traditional security solutions that were developed around this model to run as local agents on the systems they monitor and protect. These solutions are then refined and standardized with decades of experience. With the emergence of virtualization, cloud and particularly containerization, use of these solutions is becoming challenging with consolidation and scale. As we begin to deploy hundreds of cloud instances on a single node, traditional solutions, designed for local execution do not scale out. At the same time, the clean separation of a virtual machine (VM) or a container from the platform itself, and maturing introspection and inspection APIs provide a simple, practical way to decouple monitored from the monitors [3]. Furthermore, as the scope of cloud security expands from simple monitoring and auditing to more complex learning based analytics, analytics components are further offloaded to separate data services, where they can burn extensive cycles, and in some cases use specialized hardware for security analytics, out of the critical path of the monitored applications [5]. As a result, traditional agent-based tightly-coupled model is being replaced by a more dis-aggregated {system, observation, analytics, actions} architecture.
Improvement in Radiologists?? Detection of Clustered Microcalcifications on Mammograms (1990)

Relatively simple, but important, detection tasks in radiology are nearing accessibility to computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) methods. The authors have studied one such task, the detection of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms, to determine whether CAD can improve radiologists' performance under controlled but generally realistic circumstances. The results of their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study show that CAD, as implemented by their computer code in its present state of development, does significantly improve radiologists' accuracy in detecting clustered microcalcifications under conditions that simulate the rapid interpretation of screening mammograms. The results suggest also that a reduction in the computer's false-positive rate will further improve radiologists' diagnostic accuracy, although the improvement falls short of statistical significance in this study.
A novel strategy to improve antigen presentation for active immunotherapy in cancer. Fusion of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen to a cell penetrating peptide (2012)

Facilitating the delivery of exogenous antigens to antigen-presenting cells, ensuing processing and presentation via the major histocompatibility complex class I and induction of an effective immune response are fundamental for an effective therapeutic cancer vaccine. In this regard, we propose the use of cell-penetrating peptides fused to a tumor antigen. To demonstrate this concept we designed a fusion protein comprising a novel cell-penetrating and immunostimulatory peptide corresponding to residues 32 to 51 of the Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor protein (LALF32-51) linked to human papillomavirus 16 E7 antigen (LALF32-51-E7). In this work, we demonstrated that the immunization with LALF32-51-E7 using the TC-1 mouse model induces a potent and long-lasting anti-tumor response supported on an effective E7-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The finding that therapeutic immunization with LALF32-51 or E7 alone, or an admixture of LALF32-51 and E7, does not induce significant tumor reduction indicates that covalent linkage between LALF32-51 and E7 is required for the anti-tumor effect. These results support the use of this novel cell-penetrating peptide as an efficient means for delivering therapeutic targets into cellular compartments with the induction of a cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte immune response. This approach is promissory for the treatment of tumors associated with the human papillomavirus 16, which is responsible for the 50% of cervical cancer cases worldwide and other malignancies. Furthermore, protein-based vaccines can circumvent the major histocompatibility complex specificity limitation associated with peptide vaccines providing a greater extent in their application.
Streamloading (2013)

Video streaming applications are a major contributor to the recent dramatic rise of data traffic in cellular networks. Mobile users in a cellular network suffer fluctuating data rates, which almost directly reflects on the quality of video they view in a streaming service. Although replacing such video streaming services with video downloading/renting services could potentially allow such mobile users to enjoy consistently higher quality videos, traditionally such services cost a lot more than video streaming services because of legal copyright pricing and management issues. We propose a novel scalable video delivery service called streamloading that can potentially allow mobile users to enjoy download quality videos, while still being legally classified as a streaming service. We describe the implementation of the service and perform extensive simulations to evaluate streamloading, in comparison to traditional streaming services.
Herpes simplex virus vector system: analysis of its in vivo and in vitro cytopathic effects (1995)

With its natural propensity to infect and establish life-long latency in neurons, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been successfully employed by various laboratories as vectors for gene transfer into neurons. However, analysis of its cytopathic effects in vivo and in vitro has been limited. In this study, we examined the cytopathic effects of 2 HSV-1 α4 mutants (ts756 and d120) on adult rat hippocampus and striatum and of d120 on hippocampal neurons in culture. We assessed damage by stringent counting of surviving neurons after infection and demonstrated that while neither ts756 nor d120 infection resulted in any gross anatomical or behavioral changes of the animals, ts756, but not d120, produced a significant amount of damage in the CA4 cell field and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Thus, since crude examination is insufficient to detect subtle but significant degrees of neuron loss, the cytopathic effects of HSV or any vector system must be carefully analyzed. Furthermore, we also observed that uninfected cell lysates damaged neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. This cytotoxicity occurred within the first 24 h post-inoculation and probably arose through the activation of glutamate receptors. For the preparation of HSV vectors, purification of the virus from soluble cellular components by a simple pelleting step can significantly decrease such acute toxicity.
Thermal Conductivity of Zn(sub 4-x)Cd (sub x)Sb(sub 3) Solid Solutions (1997)

B-Zn(sub 4-x)Cd(sub x)Sb(sub 3) was recently identified at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a new high performance p-type thermoelectric material with a maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 1.4 at a temperature of 673K.
Recording layer influence on the dynamics of a soft underlayer (2002)

This paper addresses the recording layer influence on the dynamics of soft underlayer (SUL) films. The static magnetic properties of soft magnetic films magnetostatically coupled to hard magnetic layers are correlated with their dynamic characteristics. The dynamic behavior is studied both theoretically and via direct experimental observation of the magnetization switching in a soft underlayer driven by a recording head. It is found that the dynamics of a SUL can be strongly influenced by magnetostatic coupling to a recording layer.
Finite alphabet iterative decoders approaching maximum likelihood performance on the Binary Symmetric Channel (2012)

We introduce a generic approach for improving the guaranteed error correction capability of regular low-density parity check codes. The method relies on operating (in serial or in parallel) a set of finite alphabet iterative decoders. The message passing update rules are judiciously chosen to ensure that decoders have different dynamics on a specific finite-length code. The idea is that for the Binary Symmetric Channel, if some error pattern cannot be corrected by one particular decoder, there exists in the set of decoders, another decoder which can correct this pattern. We show how to select a plurality of message update rules so that the set of decoders can collectively correct error patterns on the dominant trapping sets. We also show that a set of decoders with dynamic re-initializations can approach the performance of maximum likelihood decoding for finite-length regular column-weight three codes.
Real-Time Distribution System State Estimation With Asynchronous Measurements (2022)

State estimation is a fundamental task in power systems. Although distribution systems are increasingly equipped with sensing devices and smart meters, measurements are typically reported at different rates and asynchronously; these aspects pose severe strains on workhorse state estimation algorithms, which are designed to process batches of data collected in a synchronous manner from all the measurement units. In this paper, we develop a novel state estimation algorithm to continuously update the estimate of the state based on measurements received in an asynchronous manner from measurement units. The synthesis of the algorithm hinges on a proximal-point type method, implemented in an online fashion, and capable of processing measurements received sequentially from sensors. A performance analysis is presented by providing bounds on the estimation error in terms of the mean and variance that hold at each iteration and asymptotically. The scheme is also compared with a more traditional Weighted Least Squares estimator that compensates for the lack of measurement data by using, as pseudo measurements, the measurement retrieved during a certain time window. Numerical simulations on the IEEE 37-bus feeder corroborate the analytical findings.