gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of the Major Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in Irrigation Water and Host Plants by Novel Waterborne Lytic Bacteriophages (2019)

Three new lytic bacteriophages were found to effectively control the pathogen <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, a quarantine bacterium in many countries, and causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most important vascular plant diseases. Bacterial wilt management has been carried out with fluctuating effects, suggesting the need to find alternative treatments. In this work, three lytic phages were isolated from environmental water from geographically distant regions in Spain. They proved to specifically infect a collection of <i>R. solanacearum</i> strains, and some of the closely related pathogenic species <i>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</i>, without affecting non-target environmental bacteria, and were able to lyze the pathogen populations within a wide range of conditions comprising environmental values of water temperatures, pH, salinity, and lack of aeration found in storage tanks. The three bacteriophages displayed high efficiency in controlling <i>R. solanacearum</i>, with reductions of the bacterial populations of several orders of magnitude in just a few hours, and proved to be able to survive in freshwater for months at environmental temperatures keeping activity on <i>R. solanacearum</i>, pointing out their suitability for field application through irrigation. Concerning their biocontrol potential, they were effective in reducing high populations of the pathogen in environmental water, and bacterial wilt incidence <i>in planta</i> by watering with either one phage or their combinations in assays with more than 300 plants. This is the first report on effective <i>R. solanacearum</i> biocontrol by applying single or combined bacteriophages through irrigation water in conditions mimicking those of the natural settings. The three phages belong to the <i>Podoviridae</i> family and are members of the <i>T7likevirus</i> genus. They are the first isolated phages from river water with activity against <i>R. solanacearum</i>, showing the longest persistence in natural water reported until now for phages with biocontrol potential, and consistently being able to control the disease in the host plant under environmental conditions. Consequently, the use of these bacteriophages for the prevention and/or biocontrol of the bacterial wilt disease caused by <i>R. solanacearum</i> has been patented. Evidence provided reveals the suitability of these waterborne phages to be effectively considered as a valuable strategy within the frame of sustainable integrated management programs.
Variable Valve Actuation Systems for Environmentally Friendly Engines (2009)

INTRODUCTION VEHICLE engines have made remarkable progress since they first appeared and the operating range of engines in terms of rpm (revolutions per minute) and torque have expanded significantly. However, optimum engine design becomes difficult if the operation timing of the engine valves is fixed. For this reason, variable valve actuation has been used to optimize the valve timing in response to the operating conditions since the 1980s. Although the technique was initially used in a limited way for applications such as simultaneously achieving both higher output and stable combustion when idling, its effectiveness has grown as fuel economy and exhaust emission regulations have tightened and it has been adopted as a means of complying with these regulations. Hitachi was ahead of its Japanese competitors in commercializing use of VTC (valve timing control) to OVERVIEW: Use of variable valve actuation in engines has become more common in recent years as an effective technique for improving fuel economy and exhaust emissions as well as engine output, and it is growing in importance as a promising technique for reducing CO2 in response to environmental problems in particular. Hitachi commercialized VTC in the mid-1980s and commenced mass production of VEL in 2007. VTC is becoming a standard feature in gasoline engines and the fuel economy benefits of VEL when used in combination with VTC have seen it adopted increasingly wider. Hitachi is working on further enhancements to variable valve actuation which has a key role as a technology for complying with fuel economy regulations.
Sensor for direct measurement of interaction forces in probe microscopy (2005)

We introduce a sensor for direct measurement of tip-sample interaction forces in probe microscopy. The sensor uses a micromachined membrane structure built on a transparent substrate with an integrated diffraction grating for optical interferometric detection, and a built-in electrostatic actuator. To demonstrate our concept for this sensor, we measured the force curves between an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip and a micromachined aluminum sensor membrane built on a quartz substrate. We also measured transient interaction forces exerted on the sensor membrane during each cycle of the vibrating AFM cantilever. These agree well with the temporal response of the sensor to a short force pulse applied by our integrated electrostatic actuator. With the addition of an integrated tip, this structure may be used for scanning probe microscopy with a bandwidth limited by the membrane dynamics.
Protection against metastasis of radiation-induced thymic lymphosarcoma and weight loss in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice by an autoclave-resistant factor present in soybeans. (1992)

We have investigated the ability of Bowman-Birk inhibitor, a protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin) inhibitor, to protect against radiation-induced thymic lymphosarcoma in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice. Fifty-five 7-week-old male mice were randomized into 11 groups and gavaged 5 days per week with purified Bowman-Birk inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate, and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate. Following 7 days of gavage, those mice undergoing total-body or sham total-body irradiation received 1.7 Gy weekly for 4 weeks. At 6 months following the radiation exposure, all mice were sacrificed and examined histopathologically. Samples of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate, purified Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate were evaluated with thin-layer chromatography. The mice treated with total-body irradiation and autoclaved Bowman-Birk inhibitor had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer deaths, lower average grade of lymphosarcoma, and larger fat stores compared to those treated with total-body irradiation and water gavage. The results for the total-body-irradiated mice receiving Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate suggested an effect midway between these two groups. Thin-layer chromatography analysis indicated that sterols and the phospholipids varied in the three different samples in a way that approximately corresponded with the observed effects. We have observed that an autoclave-resistant factor in soybeans is capable of reducing metastasis of radiation-induced lymphosarcoma and weight loss in C57Bl/6NCr1BR mice, presumably by preventing the extension and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, in addition to the anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk inhibitor, there appears to be another anticarcinogenic agent in soybeans which is capable of inhibiting the later stages of cancer cell development.
Autoantibodies to topoisomerase I in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus without features of scleroderma (1995)

We report a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and anti-dsDNA antibodies whose serum contained autoantibodies specific for the phosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II (RNAP IIO), Su and ribosomal P antigen, as well as anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, a marker for scleroderma (SSc). Over 6 years, the patient exhibited clinical manifestations consistent with SLE without clinical evidence of scleroderma. The reactivity of her serum autoantibodies with the phosphoproteins ribosomal P, topoisomerase I, and RNAP IIO is consistent with recognition of autoepitopes comprised in part of phosphate groups. This may explain the unexpected coexistence of marker autoantibodies for SLE and scleroderma, possibly with implications for the mechanisms of autoantibody generation.
Effect of Carbide Forming Elements on the Mechanical Properties of Continuously Annealed Extra-low-carbon Steel Sheets (1984)

For the purpose of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet with non-aging property and deep drawability by continuous annealing, the effect of strong carbide forming elements such as Ti and Nb on the mechanical properties of extra-low-carbon steel sheets was investigated. It has been clarified that the effect of carbide forming elements is classified into three groups with respect to content of carbon and carbide forming elements (X).(1) The range of high content of carbon and/or carbide forming elements (C>0.005 wt%, X(at%)/C(at%)>1): Conventional interstitial free steels (IF-steels) are included in this range. Precipitation of carbides occurs at the high temperature range in γ phase and the influence of hot-working conditions on the mechanical properties is small.(2) The range of medium content of carbon and carbide forming elements (C=0.003-0.005wt%), X(at%)/C(at%)≅1: The mechanical properties strongly depend on hot-working conditions because carbides such as NbC and TiC start precipitation during hot-rolling. Acceleration of carbide precipitation through the high reduction and high speed hot-rolling decreases the number of fine carbides depositing after hot-rolling, with the result that the ductility and the Lankford-values of the cold-rolled and continuous-annealed steel sheets are improved.(3) The range of low content of carbon and carbide forming elements (C<0.003wt%): Precipitation of carbides occurs very little during hot-rolling in γ phase. In the steel sheets with no carbide forming element, the improvement of mechanical properties by lowering carbon content is relatively small because the planar anisotropy is extremely large even in lower carbon steels. Niobium is the most effective element among Nb, Ti, Cr, V and W for decreasing the planar anisotropy. This mainly results from the fact that the grain size of hot bands effectively decreases by the effect of solute niobium. The effect of carbide forming elements in solution becomes important in this range.
Zero Static Power Fuse Circuit (2007)

A compact digital fuse circuit that consumes zero static power and forces zero bias across blown fuse links suitable for deep submicron technologies is described. No bias or power-down control signals are required in this fuse concept making it ideal for low power applications. The fuse circuit exploits the availability of system reset signal (power-up, hardware) to sense and latch fuse state data and incorporates fuse isolate capability needed for zero bias. This can be combined with additional logic to offer software programmable functionality in a modular fashion. An inherent feature of the circuit is that the fuse state is valid during the sense phase which is required in power-on-reset (POR) fusing applications. Such fuse circuits have been successfully implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology for use as generic fuses (hard/soft) as well as fusing for power-on/voltage-detect circuit (POR/UVD). A 1.8V supply fusebank circuit comprising 30 hard fuses and 10 soft-fuses occupies an area of 0.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A 3.3 V supply fusebank circuit comprising 10 soft fuses and 3.3/1.8V level shifters occupies an area of 0.015 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Sawtooth First Phase Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform (1997)

A sawtooth biphasic waveform utilizing a "parallel-series" switching system of smaller capacitors can improve defibrillation efficacy. A higher average current in the first phase generated by such a waveform may contribute to more efficient defibrillation by facilitating myocyte capture.
Low-cost position-adaptive UAV radar design with state-of-the-art COTS technology (2004)

A COTS-based design for a monostatic position-adaptive radar concept is presented. The development and design effort is focused on a test experiment where a onboard radar-based instrumentation system allows a mini-UAV helicopter to hover back and forth in front of two large (side-by-side) “building-type” structures. Under this concept, the “smart” or “robotic” mini-UAV helicopter “position-adaptively” converges to a location between the two “building-type” structures in order to interrogate an object-of-interest that may be located between these “building-type” structures. Design issues with regard to major sub-systems and interfaces between these sub-systems are discussed. Applications for this type of system include intelligence gathering from indoor and outdoor urban environments and underground facilities via deployment a tier of position-adaptive mini-UAV’s.
Adapalene 0.1% lotion in the treatment of acne vulgaris: results from two placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized double-blind, clinical studies. (2010)

Adapalene 0.1% lotion used once a day for 12 weeks is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Monitoring of vapor-phase nitro compounds using 226-nm radiation: fragmentation with subsequent NO resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonitoring of vapor-phase nitro compounds using 226-nm radiation: fragmentation with subsequent NO resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detectionG. W. Lemire, J. B. Simeonsson, and R. C. SausaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 5, 529–533Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00053a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00053a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research Study on Near Millimeter Wave Orotrons. (1980)

An extensive literature search has been performed in technological areas related to the development of orotrons (electron-beam/open-resonator radiation sources) in the Soviet Union. Orotrons have been found to be practical, tunable, efficient, and lightweight sources of near millimeter wave radiation; our calculations have confirmed some of the conclusions obtained from the Soviet literature. No work on orotrons performed in the U.S. has been found. In work reported from the Soviet Union, power outputs of several watts have been obtained at wavelengths from 4 to 1 mm, with electron-beam voltages of 1 to 5 kV and currents up to a few hundred milliamperes. (Author)
Macular Perfusion in Healthy Chinese: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiogram Study (2015)

In healthy Chinese eyes, macular perfusion decreased with increasing age, and decreased more rapidly in males than in females. The application of OCT angiograms may provide a useful approach for monitoring macular perfusion, although caution must be exercised with regard to age- and sex-related variations.
Hybrid numerical techniques for the modelling of radiofrequency coils in MRI (2008)

Radiofrequency (RF) coils for use in MRI can have a significant effect on both the signal-to-noise-ratio of MR images and the specific absorption rate inside the biological sample. In the past, prototypes were constructed and tested to investigate the performance of the RF coils and often required several iterations to achieve an acceptable result. However, with the advancement in computational electromagnetic techniques, RF coil modelling has now become the modus operandi of coil design because it can produce accurate numerical results, thus reducing the time and effort spent in designing and prototyping RF coils. Two hybrid methods -method of moments (MoM)/finite difference time domain (FDTD) and MoM/finite element method (FEM) - for RF coil modelling are presented herein. The paper provides a brief overview of FDTD, FEM and MoM. It discusses the hybridisation of these methods and how they are integrated to form versatile techniques. The numerical results obtained from these hybrid methods are compared with experimental results from prototype coils over a range of operating frequencies. The methods are then applied to the design of a new type of phased-array coil - the rotary phased array. From these comparisons, it can be seen that the numerical methods provide a useful aid for the design and optimisation of RF coils for use in MRI.
Host-Derived Delta-Like Canonical Notch Ligand 1 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Bacterial Sepsis—Results From a Combinational Secondary Analysis (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome, resulting from a dysbalanced host response to infection. However, especially the early, pro-inflammatory immune response in sepsis is similar to other inflammatory conditions without infectious cause, e.g., trauma or surgery. This aspect challenges the value of current biomarkers for diagnosis, as these are often broadly induced. We earlier identified <i>Delta-like Protein 1</i> (DLL1), a canonical Notch ligand, to be released from monocytes upon bacterial stimulation. Considering the importance of monocytes in the pathophysiology of sepsis, we hypothesized that this mechanism might occur also in the clinical setting and DLL1 might serve as a biomarker of life-threatening bacterial infection. <b>Methods:</b> We combined samples from three different studies, including subgroups of patients with sepsis (<i>n</i> = 80), surgical patients (<i>n</i> = 50), trauma patients (<i>n</i> = 36), as well as healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 50). We assessed plasma concentrations of DLL1 using ELISA. We performed Area-under-receiver-operator-curve (AUROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DLL1 compared to leucocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). <b>Results:</b> Plasma concentrations of DLL1 were strongly elevated already at sepsis onset and maintained elevated until day 7. In contrast, neither surgical patients nor patients after severe trauma presented with elevated levels, while conventional biomarkers of inflammation (e.g., leucocytes and CRP), responded. AUROC analysis revealed a cut-off of 30 ng/ml associated with the best diagnostic performance, yielding a superior accuracy of 91% for DLL1, compared to 75, 79, and 81% for CRP, leucocytes, and PCT. <b>Conclusion:</b> DLL1 is a novel host-derived biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis with a better performance compared to established ones, most likely due to its high robustness in non-infectious inflammatory responses. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> POCSEP-Trial DRKS00008090; MIRSI DRKS00005463; SPRINT DRKS00010991.
Transient Well Performance Modeling for Reservoir Pressure Determination (2010)

Abstract Continuous reservoir pressure data acquisition through intrusive well intervention has always been a challenge to the industry due to a combination of economic, operational and logistical constraints. This paper presents an alternative methodology wherein the reservoir pressure can be computed from the well's steady-state flow properties and wellhead shut-in data using an advanced transient well algorithm. The key research element is the incorporation of mass transfer rate model into dynamic wellbore modeling for shut-in well. A mathematical workflow which incorporates the time dimension as inherited in the mass transfer theory is devised. This is a major advance on prior state-of-the-art models that assume instantaneous mass transfer upon equilibrium. This enhanced dynamic well model is able to simulate the fluid redistribution during well shut-in, by determining an accurate volume of each fluid phase at any cell in the well over time. Hence, the bottom-hole pressure over time can be calculated by adding the static head to the wellhead pressure. The bottom-hole near wellbore reservoir pressure is obtained when the well has reached equilibrium. The model also rigorously accounts for various transient behaviors of the reservoir fluids during shut-in including the reservoir fluid influx. A number of engineering concepts are evaluated and all the elements that become the foundation of this novel methodology are presented. A sample well is used to demonstrate the robustness of the model in simulating the hydrocarbon fluid redistribution during well shut-in. A better description of wellbore dynamic behavior is obtained, ensuring an improved accuracy in transient well performance modeling. This enhanced dynamic well model provides a vital tool for reservoir pressure determination, replacing subsurface data acquisition with surface data acquisition without well intervention. The model enables operating costs reduction associated with subsurface data acquisition, in addition to improve key data availability which will optimize production plans and recovery improvement opportunities.
Auto-focus Control by Chromatic Filtering in Laser Welding (2000)

Optical monitoring using the chromatic aberration of focusing optics is applied to auto-focus control in laser welding. The spectral transmittance of thermal radiation from a weld pool through an aperture depends on the wavelength of the spectral band and on the distance of the weld pool from the focusing optics. Its dependence has been used to monitor the focus shift in laser welding by measuring the spectral band signals filtered by the aperture. The difference between pulsed and continuous laser welding is analyzed. Furthermore, the dependence of the focus shift monitoring on the weld pool size variation is optimized to monitor the focus shift independently from the laser power change at the weld pool. The performance of the auto-focus control with chromatic filtering is presented for pulsed laser welding.