gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Thin-Layer Hydrogel Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes during Dead-End Ultrafiltration of Various Protein Solutions (2012)

Low-fouling thin-layer hydrogel composite membranes were prepared during UV initiated grafting from of the hydrophilic monomer poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The selectivity of the functionalized membranes was adjusted by varying the UV irradiation dose and applying the cross-linking agent N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide. Virgin and composite membranes were tested in short (20-fold volume reduction) and long (24 h) dead-end (DE) filtration experiments of various protein solutions and the performance improvement by the membrane hydrophilization was evaluated. Moreover, the effects of membrane molecular weight cutoff, solute size, and solute charge (as function of pH) as well as cleaning were evaluated. The dominating fouling mechanisms were identified using the classical model equation proposed by Hermia [Hermia, J. Constant Pressure Blocking Filtration Laws—Application to Power Law Non-Newtonian Fluids. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng.1982, 60, 183] for DE filtration mode. The results showed that the surface functionalization improved the membrane performance during filtration of protein solutions. Moreover, the cleanability of functionalized membranes with water was much more effective compared to unmodified PES membranes. The performed fouling mechanism study clarified the occurring processes during filtrations with virgin and composite membranes.
Measurement of Fuel Concentration using Portable Optical Platform (2021)

The proposed optical platform is useful for measurement of concentration in the fuel, particularly petrol and diesel. The measurement of fuel adulteration is most important need as it generates many hazardous effects on environment as well as on the living things. Different venders of fuel may mix kerosene or any similar kind of liquid into the petrol and diesel. Adulterated fuel is main cause of air pollution as well as it can be hazardous for vehicle engine. There is no test specially designed to detect such kind of adulteration of fuel. For adulteration monitoring we have proposed system consist of the sensor module having LED array as a light source and photo sensor used as light detectors. This sensor module measures the intensity of reflected light from the sample under consideration. The entire module is based on optics and due to optical platform tremendous reduction in size of sensor module is possible. Such small size module is suitable in the installation at the inlet of fuel tank.
Disulfiram‐mediated inhibition of NF‐κB activity enhances cytotoxicity of 5‐fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer cell lines (2003)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic component for colorectal cancer (CRC) and other types of solid tumours. Resistance of cancer cells to 5-FU is considered the major obstacle for successful chemotherapy. NF-kappaB is a transcription factor. Cancer cells with high NF-kappaB nuclear activity demonstrate robust chemo- and radio-resistance. We demonstrated that nuclear NF-kappaB activity in CRC cell lines, DLD-1 and RKO(WT), was significantly induced by 5-FU in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-FU induced IkappaBalpha degradation and promoted both NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and its DNA binding activity. 5-FU treatment did not influence the activities of AP-1, AP-2, Oct-1, SP-1, CRE-B and TFIID. Disulfiram (DS), a clinically used anti-alcoholism drug, strongly inhibited constitutive and 5-FU-induced NF-kappaB activity in a dose-dependent manner. DS inhibited both NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity but had no effect on 5-FU-induced IkappaBalpha degradation. Used in combination, DS significantly enhanced the apoptotic effect of 5-FU on DLD-1 and RKO(WT) cell lines and synergistically potentiated the cytotoxicity of 5-FU to both cell lines. DS also effectively abolished 5-FU chemoresistance in a 5-FU resistant cell line H630(5-FU) in vitro. As DS has extensive preclinical and clinical experience, translating its anticancer usage from in vitro study to clinical trials is relatively straightforward.
Additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramics: a state-of-the-art review (2020)

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a type of efficient manufacturing technology for building ceramic prototypes with increased dimensional accuracy, improved time efficiency, and reduced cost. A wealth of research works have been conducted to uncover the underlying formation mechanism of zirconia ceramic parts manufactured by AM processes and to improve the performance of the parts. In spite of the achievements, there are still some unresolved issues, such as porosity, cracks, coffee staining, which impede the adoption of AM processes for zirconia part manufacturing. This paper aims to review the recent research efforts on zirconia ceramic manufactured using AM techniques. The existing works are mainly categorized in terms of the different AM preparation methods and the applications. More importantly, the challenges and opportunities related to AM of zirconia products are discussed. As such, this review provides not only a comprehensive survey of the existing research, but also an insightful discussion regarding the potential research in the future. Innovations are expected to be stimulated for many critical industrial applications.
Transform image enhancement (1992)

Blockwise transform image enhancement techniques are discussed. Previously, transform image enhancement has usually been based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) applied to the whole image. Two major drawbacks with the DFT are high complexity of implementation involving complex multiplications and additions, with intermediate results being complex numbers, and the creation of severe block effects if image enhancement is done blockwise. In addition, the quality of enhancement is not very satisfactory. It is shown that the best transforms for transform image coding, namely, the scrambled real discrete Fourier transform, the discrete cosine transform, and the discrete cosine-III transform, are also the best for image enhancement. Three techniques of enhancement discussed in detail are alpha-rooting, modified unsharp masking, and filtering motivated by the human visual system response (HVS). With proper modifications, it is observed that unsharp masking and HVS-motivated filtering without nonlinearities are basically equivalent. Block effects are completely removed by using an overlap-save technique in addition to the best transform.
Similarity Scaling and Cognitive Process Models (1992)

INTRODUCTION 25 DETERMINISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACHES ... . . .. ... ....... . 27 Universal Laws of Generalization and Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . 27 Identification, Categorization, and Recognition 30 Same-Different Judgments and Reaction Time 37 Cognitive Processes and the Metric Axioms. . . . . ....... . . .. . . . . . . ...... . . . . . .. . . . . . ...... . . . 38 Summary....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . .. . . ....... . . . . . . . .. ........ . . .. .. . . . . . ...... . . . 40 PROBABILISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACHES . .. . . . . . . . . .. .... . . 41 Probabilistic Scaling of Distance Judgments .. . .. ........ . . . . . ... ..... 41 General Recognition Theory . . . . . . 43 Multivariate Discrimination Methods ..... ... . ....... . . . . . . ......... . . 47 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 49
<i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> Oleate Hydratase: a New Member in the Oleate Hydratase Family Tree—Biochemical and Structural Studies (2017)

Abstract Recently, the enzyme family of oleate hydratases (OHs: EC 4.2.1.53) has gained increasing scientific and economic interest, as these FAD‐binding bacterial enzymes do not require cofactor recycling and possess high thermal and pH stability. Their products, hydroxy fatty acids, are used in specialty chemical applications including surfactant and lubricant formulations. The “oleate hydratase engineering database”, established by Schmid et al. (2017), divides all OHs into 11 families (HFam1 to 11). To date, only two crystal structures of homodimeric OHs from the families HFam2 and HFam11 have been reported. In this study, we biophysically characterized an OH belonging to the HFam3 family, originating from the marine bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis , for the first time. The crystal structure revealed that this new OH (OhyRe) surprisingly is a monomer in its active form. This particular feature provides new avenues for enzyme engineering and recycling through immobilization.
Experimental evaluation of a 20×20 mm footprint microcolumn (1996)

A miniaturized 1 kV electron beam column with a 20×20 mm square footprint for application in arrayed lithography was developed. The actual beam forming optics measured from the electron emitter to the last electrode in the beam focusing Einzel lens is only 3.5 mm in length. The electron source is a miniaturized, high brightness (120 μA/sr), low heating power (&lt;1.5 W) Zr/O/W Schottky field emitter that provides a stable beam current with &lt;1%/h current fluctuations. A custom designed, ultralow profile (0.8 mm high) annular microchannel plate (MCP) detector is fitted into the working distance, which can be varied between 1 and 5 mm, between the Einzel lens and the sample. The MCP provides a high gain, up to 3×104, detector for secondary and backscattered electron detection from solid samples. The beam is scanned over the sample using a prelens double octupole deflector for large field size, ≥100 μm, at low distortions and low deflection aberrations. Using a computer controlled digital pattern generator, patterns with less than 100 nm linewidth were exposed in polymethylmethacrylate resist and reactively ion etched into an underlying tungsten layer.
Plant Molecular Farming – Integration and Exploitation of Side Streams to Achieve Sustainable Biomanufacturing (2019)

Plants have unique advantages over other systems such as mammalian cells for the production of valuable small molecules and proteins. The benefits cited most often include safety due to the absence of replicating human pathogens, simplicity because sterility is not required during production, scalability due to the potential for open-field cultivation with transgenic plants, and the speed of transient expression potentially providing gram quantities of product in less than 4 weeks. Initially there were also significant drawbacks, such as the need to clarify feed streams with a high particle burden and the large quantities of host cell proteins, but efficient clarification is now readily achieved. Several additional advantages have also emerged reflecting the fact that plants are essentially biodegradable, single-use bioreactors. This article will focus on the exploitation of this concept for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, thus improving overall process economics. Specifically, we will discuss the single-use properties of plants, the sustainability of the production platform, and the commercial potential of different biomass side streams. We find that incorporating these side streams through rational process integration has the potential to more than double the revenue that can currently be achieved using plant-based production systems.
Active oxygen on Group VIII metals: activation of formic acid and formaldehyde on Pd(100) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive oxygen on Group VIII metals: activation of formic acid and formaldehyde on Pd(100)Scott W. Jorgensen and Robert J. MadixCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2, 397–400Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00210a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amplitude and Phase Noise Measurement in Single Carrier Digital Modulations (2006)

The paper deals with a new method for both the phase and the amplitude noise measurement. The method can be used for both sinusoidal signals and single carried digital modulated signals. It is based on the (i) constellation examination in the IQ plane, and (ii) the comparison of the real constellation with the ideal one. In particular, the amplitude noise is evaluated by the module excursion around the ideal symbol, and the phase noise by the angle excursion. It is shown that some advantages of the proposed method are: (i) the number of samples does not affect the measurement error, (ii) the percentage error is reduced if compared with other measurement methods, (hi) the possibility to operate directly on the modulated signal, and (iv) the phase and the amplitude noise shape weakly affects the measurement error. In order to evaluate the method performance several numerical experiments are carried out in different operative conditions
Videogrammetric Model Deformation Measurement Technique for Wind Tunnel Applications (2007)

Videogrammetric measurement technique developments at NASA Langley were driven largely by the need to quantify model deformation at the National Transonic Facility (NTF). This paper summarizes recent wind tunnel applications and issues at the NTF and other NASA Langley facilities including the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel, 31-Inch Mach 10 Tunnel, 8-Ft high Temperature Tunnel, and the 20-Ft Vertical Spin Tunnel. In addition, several adaptations of wind tunnel techniques to non-wind tunnel applications are summarized. These applications include wing deformation measurements on vehicles in flight, determining aerodynamic loads based on optical elastic deformation measurements, measurements on ultra-lightweight and inflatable space structures, and the use of an object-to-image plane scaling technique to support NASA s Space Exploration program.
3D printed luneburg lens for flexible beam steering at millimeter wave frequencies (2017)

A fully 3D printed meta-material based Luneburg lens operating at 60 GHz is presented. The meta-material design is discussed and the permittivity tuning based on the physical structure is discussed. On that basis a realized Luneburg lens is presented demonstrating the degrees of freedom offered by the emerging technology of rapid prototyping for passive millimeter wave component design.
A new minimum component active-C OTA-based linear voltage (current)-controlled sinusoidal oscillator (1990)

A transconductance-amplifier-capacitor sinusoidal oscillator is introduced. The circuit requires only two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors. The frequency of oscillation is linearly tunable over a wide frequency range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochemical Conversion of anti-9-Methylcarbazole-3-carbaldehyde Diphenylhydrazone to Its syn-Isomer and an Indazole (1992)

Abstract Under irradiation, the compound in the title, which is frequently used as a charge transport material in electrophotography, undergoes reversible isomerization into its syn-isomer and cyclization to the corresponding indazole. These reactions will affect the characteristics in the practical electrophotographic process using this compound.
Study of Cytotoxic Effects of Benzonitrile Pesticides (2015)

The benzonitrile herbicides bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, and ioxynil have been used actively worldwide to control weeds in agriculture since 1970s. Even though dichlobenil is prohibited in EU since 2008, studies addressing the fate of benzonitrile herbicides in the environment show that some metabolites of these herbicides are very persistent. We tested the cytotoxic effects of benzonitrile herbicides and their microbial metabolites using two human cell lines, Hep G2 and HEK293T, representing liver and kidneys as potential target organs in humans. The cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT test and RTCA DP Analyzer system, respectively. The latter allows real-time monitoring of the effect of added substances. As the cytotoxic compounds could compromise cell membrane integrity, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed as well. We observed high toxic effects of bromoxynil, chloroxynil, and ioxynil on both tested cell lines. In contrast, we determined only low inhibition of cell growth in presence of dichlobenil and microbial metabolites originating from the tested herbicides.
Deep-Bed Filtration Under Multiple Particle-Capture Mechanisms (2009)

Summary Severe injectivity decline during seawater injection and produced-water reinjection is a serious problem in offshore waterflood projects. The permeability impairment occurs because of the capture of particles from injected water by the rock, both internally in the pores and externally in a filter cake. The reliable modeling-based prediction of injectivity decline is important for injected-water-treatment design and management (injection of seawater or produced water, water filtering, etc.). The classical deep-bed filtration model includes a single overall description of particle capture. During laboratory or field data interpretation using this model, it is usually assumed that several simultaneously occurring capture mechanisms are represented in the model by a single overall mechanism. The filtration coefficient, obtained by fitting the model to the laboratory or field data, represents the total kinetics of the particle capture. The purpose of this study is to justify this approach of using an aggregated single filtration coefficient. A multiple-retention deep-bed filtration model needs to describe several simultaneous capture mechanisms. The kinetics of the different capture mechanisms can differ from one another by several orders of magnitude. This greatly affects the particle propagation in natural reservoirs and the resulting formation damage. In this study, a model for deep-bed filtration taking into account multiple particle-retention mechanisms is discussed. It is proven that the multicapture model can be reduced to a single-capture-mechanism deep-bed filtration model. The method for determination of the capture kinetics for all individual capture processes from the breakthrough curve is discussed. As an example, the complete characterization of filtration with monolayer and multilayer deposition of iron oxide colloids is performed using particle-breakthrough curves from coreflooding.
Structure–function relationships of family GH70 glucansucrase and 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzymes, and their evolutionary relationships with family GH13 enzymes (2016)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce large amounts of α-glucan exopolysaccharides. Family GH70 glucansucrase (GS) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of these α-glucans from sucrose. The elucidation of the crystal structures of representative GS enzymes has advanced our understanding of their reaction mechanism, especially structural features determining their linkage specificity. In addition, with the increase of genome sequencing, more and more GS enzymes are identified and characterized. Together, such knowledge may promote the synthesis of α-glucans with desired structures and properties from sucrose. In the meantime, two new GH70 subfamilies (GTFB- and GTFC-like) have been identified as 4,6-α-glucanotransferases (4,6-α-GTs) that represent novel evolutionary intermediates between the family GH13 and "classical GH70 enzymes". These enzymes are not active on sucrose; instead, they use (α1 → 4) glucans (i.e. malto-oligosaccharides and starch) as substrates to synthesize novel α-glucans by introducing linear chains of (α1 → 6) linkages. All these GH70 enzymes are very interesting biocatalysts and hold strong potential for applications in the food, medicine and cosmetic industries. In this review, we summarize the microbiological distribution and the structure-function relationships of family GH70 enzymes, introduce the two newly identified GH70 subfamilies, and discuss evolutionary relationships between family GH70 and GH13 enzymes.
Binarization of Color Characters in Scene Images Using k-means Clustering and Support Vector Machines (2010)

This paper proposes a new technique for binalizing multicolored characters subject to heavy degradations. The key ideas are threefold. The first is generation of tentatively binarized images via every dichotomization of k clusters obtained by k-means clustering in the HSI color space. The total number of tentatively binarized images equals 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sup> -2. The second is use of support vector machines (SVM) to determine whether and to what degree each tentatively binarized image represents a character or non-character. We feed the SVM with mesh and weighted direction code histogram features to output the degree of “character-likeness.” The third is selection of a single binarized image with the maximum degree of “character likeness” as an optimal binarization result. Experiments using a total of 1000 single-character color images extracted from the ICDAR 2003 robust OCR dataset show that the proposed method achieves a correct binarization rate of 93.7%.
In Rhizobium japonicum the nitrogenase genes nifH and nifDK are separated (1983)

In contrast to Klebsiella pneumoniae or fast-growing Rhizobium species, such as R. meliloti, where the nitrogenase structural genes are clustered in one operon (nifHDK), in slow-growing Rhizobium japonicum 110, nifH and nifDK are on separate operons.
Movement and dissolution of the nucleus (germinal vesicle) during <i>Rana</i> oocyte meiosis: Effect of demecolcine (Colcemid) and centrifugation (1986)

Abstract Demecolcine (Colcemid; DE), a colchicine derivative, augmented meiosis reinitiation by progesterone in the follicle‐enclosed oocyte of the frog, Rana pipiens . Whereas DE treatment alone had a minor stimulatory effect on germinal vesicle dissolution (GVD), this treatment elicited significant germinal vesicle movement (GVM) as evidenced by translocation of the GV to the oocyte surface. The effects of DE on GVM and progesterone‐induced GVD were also elicited in oocytes lacking follicle cells or other follicle wall components (type IV follicles), indicating that DE has a direct action on the oocyte itself. DE alone did not alter oocyte membrane voltage (V m ), resistance (R m ), or current (I m ) and did not interfere with the changes in these parameters usually elicited by progesterone. After 5 hr incubation of follicle‐enclosed oocytes with either DE or progesterone, or combinations of both, the GV could be moved to the animal pole surface with less centrifugal force compared to control follicles. This result suggests that a decrease in ooplasmic viscoelasticity is induced by progesterone, which is mimicked by DE before GVM or GVD normally begins. The results presented here support the idea that DE‐sensitive oocyte components such as microtubules are involved in the process of steroid‐induced meiosis. These findings provide a physiological basis for future studies of cytoskeletal involvement in the events of meiosis.