gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Models of Lung Disease (2012)

Development of new therapeutics for lung diseases requires good modeling systems in which to test hypotheses. Often, how lung diseases are modeled in vivo, are not at all initiated by the same events that cause the disease in humans. The models for interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or chronic obstructive lung disease for example, require the use of toxic reagents and models for asthma do not use the same antigenic stimuli. What this means is what is used to initiate disease in vivo using animal models is not necessarily totally responsible for the same disease in humans. Even in situations of generating genetic models focusing on identified genes associated with specific disease entities modeled in vivo, the disease in the animal model is still not the same as the disease in humans even if the gene is most certainly involved. The focus of this chapter is to describe a variety of the animal models that have been developed to study specific lung disease entities including understanding the strength and the weaknesses of the in vivo modeling systems. The main goal of animal modeling is to provide an in vivo complex scenario which allows for the pursuit of defining the underlying mechanisms of diseases or importantly to provide a format for studying new interventional therapeutics. The focus of the chapter will start with basic anatomy, physiological differences and immunological responses which either enhance the selection of the model or are used to study specific components of the disease process.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ellipticine−Estradiol Conjugates (1996)

Three ellipticine-estradiol conjugates were synthesized in an effort to target the cytotoxicity of ellipticine to estrogen-receptor positive cells. The three conjugates were prepared with linker chains extending from the 17 alpha position of the estradiol to N-2 (compound 3), N-6 (compound 4), and C-9 (compound 5) positions of ellipticine. The ellipticine-estradiol conjugates were evaluated for their abilities to bind to estrogen receptors, to inhibit topoisomerase II, and for their cytotoxicities in human cancer cell lines. Conjugates 3 and 5 displayed weak binding affinities of 0.132 and 0.303 for the estrogen receptor (relative to estradiol = 100), while conjugate 4 did not show any detectable binding to the estrogen receptor. Compound 3 was a moderate inhibitor of topoisomerase II (IC50 24.1 microM), while 4 and 5 were inactive. Conjugate 3 was consistently more cytotoxic (GI50 values 1-10 microM) than compounds 4 and 5 (GI50 values 10-100 microM) in a variety of human cancer cell lines. None of the compounds displayed any selectivity for estrogen-receptor positive cell lines, which probably reflects their weak affinities for estrogen receptors.
Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and neurodegenerative diseases. (2013)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Oxidative stress is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which can induce mitochondrial DNA mutations, damage the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alter membrane permeability, and influence Ca(2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial defense systems. All these changes are implicated in the development of these neurodegenerative diseases, mediating or amplifying neuronal dysfunction and triggering neurodegeneration. This paper summarizes the contribution of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage to the onset of neurodegenerative eases and discusses strategies to modify mitochondrial dysfunction that may be attractive therapeutic interventions for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Type I Allergy to Cow Milk Proteins in Adults (1993)

To determine the clinical and serological characteristics of type I food allergy to cow milk proteins in adults, we investigated all 34 patients (aged from 16 to 58 years) who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1991 to have IgE-mediated reactions to cow milk and cheese. Women represented 91.2% of the study group and 39% of them suffered from the first symptoms during or soon after a pregnancy. So far, 47% of the patients were nonatopic and showed a monovalent sensitization to cow milk proteins. According to RAST results (score > or = 2) the predominant allergen was casein with a sensitization frequency of 71%, whereas sensitization to whey proteins (alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin) in this adult group was rare. In cow milk allergy (CMA) patients, significantly lower levels of milk-specific IgG were observed than in normal controls. The main organ manifestations of CMA in adults were the respiratory tract and the skin, with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms occurring less often than in children. Only 28% of CMA adults could enjoy an unlimited symptom-free intake of milk products after 4 years of disease. Compared with the existing studies on CMA in children, the results suggest that allergies to cow milk proteins in adults are less frequent and tend to persist longer. They are likely to be misdiagnosed for years due to symptoms that initially often refer to only one organ system such as the respiratory tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlation Between Clinical Activity and Serological Markers in a Wide Cohort of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2009)

Titers of serum anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA Abs) and C3 and C4 are used for monitoring systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Here, we assessed the relationship between the clinical activity index (SLEDAI) and serum titers of anti-dsDNA Abs, C3, and C4 in an 8-year prospective study conducted in 194 SLE patients. The association of anti-dsDNA Abs and complement with M-SLEDAI was significant but low. Ninety-eight of the 194 patients were selected because they were followed for at least 5 years. We observed four types of clinical-serological patterns: parallelism between serum and clinical activity (n = 24), clinical quiescence with partial serum activity (n = 30), clinical quiescence but serologically fully active (n = 18), and clinical activity but serologically quiescent (n = 21). The serological markers evaluated are of limited utility in the monitoring of SLE patients and their use must be individualized.
Cooling rate effects on the microstructure, critical current density, and T/sub c/ transition of one- and two-powder BSCCO-2223 Ag-sheathed tapes (1995)

An important variable controlling the critical current density (J/sub c/) of Ag-sheathed BSCCO-2223 tapes is the degree of phase purity of the reacted tapes. Most correlations between J/sub c/ and microstructure show that it is highly desirable to reduce the amount of non-superconducting second phases to as low a level as practical. In recent studies of the influence of cooling rate after the final reaction, we find contradictions to this general rule. The J/sub c/ (77 K, 0 T) of so-called "one-powder" tapes can be raised by as much as 50% (from /spl sim/8000 A/cm/sup 2/ to 12000 A/cm/sup 2/) by slow cooling in 7.5%O/sub 2/ at 0.05/spl deg/C/min, even though large 2212 grains are usually seen in the slowly cooled microstructure. However, the higher J/sub c/ of the slow-cooled state does correlate with a sharper T/sub c/ transition. Experiments with "two-powder" tapes have produced similar results. These apparently anomalous results emphasize the important role played by the connectivity of the polycrystalline core in determining J/sub c/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Plasma Resist Image Stabilization Technique (PRIST) Update</title> (1982)

The plasma resist image stabilization technique (PRIST) can effectively stabilize the developed resist image in the production of integrated circuits6 This fluorocarbon plasma treatment allows the resist to be baked in excess of 210 C without measurable change in dimensions. The typical PRIST treatment is exercised in a CF4 plasma at a low RF power (25 W) for a short time (30 sec). This low power and short time combination could cause problems at times, especially when the PRIST is exercised in an inductively coupled barrel reactor. These problems are attributed to the plasma instability due to the system design. Most plasma systems are not designed for such low power and short time operation. We can minimize these problems and improve the process reliability by operating the reactor at a power level for which the system was designed. This paper reports the results of the PRIST experiments using a mixture of CF<sub>4</sub> diluted in nitrogen, argon, or helium. The results indicate that one can reduce the concentration of CF4 to less than 1% and still obtain excellent resist pattern after the post-baking. This reduction in CF<sub>4</sub> concentration permits increasing both RF power and treatment duration without increasing the nitride etch rate. In addition to improving the process reliability, this increase in time and power allows one to select a series of power and time combinations to achieve the desired results.
Albumin Dialysis With a Noncell Artificial Liver Support Device in Patients With Acute Liver Failure (2013)

Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.
Characterization, Modes of Action and Effects of Trifluralin: A Review (2013)

Among agricultural pesticides, herbicides comprise the most employed group in agriculture. The main function of these chemicals is to control weeds, weed competition reduces produc‐ tivity, without significantly impacting crop yield. Weeds tend to compete with crops by extracting essential elements from the soil, water, intercepting light and CO2, interfering in the culture development and affecting agricultural production practices including harvest [4]. Herbicides are also used for eliminating plants from both road, railways, and riversides [3].
Alpha‐synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease (2011)

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on motor signs of advanced central dopamine deficiency. There is an urgent need for disease biomarkers. Clinicopathological evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregation, the pathological signature of Parkinson's disease, can be detected in gastrointestinal tract neurons in Parkinson's disease. We studied whether we could demonstrate α-synuclein pathology in specimens from unprepped flexible sigmoidoscopy of the distal sigmoid colon in early subjects with Parkinson's disease. We also looked for 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress. Ten subjects with early Parkinson's disease not treated with dopaminergic agents (7 men; median age, 58.5 years; median disease duration, 1.5 years) underwent unprepped flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy of the distal sigmoid colon. Immunohistochemistry studies for α-synuclein and 3-nitrotyrosine were performed on biopsy specimens and control specimens from a tissue repository (23 healthy subjects and 23 subjects with inflammatory bowel disease). Nine of 10 Parkinson's disease samples were adequate for study. All showed staining for α-synuclein in nerve fibers in colonic submucosa. No control sample showed this pattern. A few showed light α-synuclein staining in round cells. 3-Nitrotyrosine staining was seen in 87% of Parkinson's disease cases but was not specific for Parkinson's disease. This study suggests a pattern of α-synuclein staining in Parkinson's disease that was distinct from healthy subjects and those with inflammatory bowel disease. The absence of this pattern in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease suggests it is not a sequel of inflammation or oxidative stress. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunostaining was common in all groups studied, suggesting oxidative stress in the colonic submucosa.
Kinematics and Dynamics of the 24 January 2020 <i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub> 6.7 Elazig, Turkey Earthquake (2020)

Abstract We determine rupture kinematics of the 2020 M w 6.7 Elazig, Turkey earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements, regional 1 Hz Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong motion, and teleseismic waveforms, and we also use dynamic modeling to assess the faulting properties to explain the observed kinematics. Our work shows that this event predominantly ruptured unilaterally toward the SW along the East Anatolian Fault Zone at a speed as slow as 2.0 km/s for ~20 s, and three main asperities are formed with a depth ranging from 20 km to the surface, but the surface rupture seems negligible. Besides, the dynamic model reveals an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 30 MPa, which has been probably built up during the interseismic period. While this event does not seem to promote the failure of Pazarcık seismic gap, it remains elusive to evaluate the disturbed seismic potential between Elazig and Bingol regions.
Distinguishing Electroporation from Thermal Injuries in Electrical Shock By MR Imaging (2005)

This paper presents T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -MRI as a very promising method to investigate the pathophysiology of electrical shock injuries, permitting distinction between thermal and electroporation damaged tissue and permitting monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of membrane sealing surfactants
Selective Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Nanocrystalline GdF3:Eu<sup>3+</sup> with Hexagonal and Orthorhombic Structures (2010)

GdF 3 :Eu 3+ nanophosphors with hexagonal or orthorhombic structure have been succeeded to be selectively synthesized at room temperature for the first time via a simple soft chemical route. The structure and morphology of GdF 3 :Eu 3+ nanophosphors were controlled by using different fluoride precursors. Hexagonal GdF 3 :Eu 3+ nanocrystals were formed when NaBF 4 was used as a fluoride precursor, while orthorhombic GdF 3 :Eu 3+ nanocrystals were obtained with NaF or NH 4 F fluoride precursor. It was also experimentally revealed that hexagonal GdF 3 :Eu 3+ nanophosphors emitted essentially stronger Eu 3+ luminescence than orthorhombic ones did. The formation mechanism of GdF 3 nanocrystals and the possible reasons of the strong PL in hexagonal were discussed.
Secretion of predicted Inc proteins of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> by a heterologous type III machinery (2001)

Chlamydia spp. are strictly intracellular pathogens that grow inside a vacuole, called an inclusion. They possess genes encoding proteins homologous to components of type III secretion machineries, which, in other bacterial pathogens, are involved in delivery of bacterial proteins within or through the membrane of eukaryotic host cells. Inc proteins are chlamydial proteins that are associated with the inclusion membrane and are characterized by the presence of a large hydrophobic domain in their amino acid sequence. To investigate whether Inc proteins and other proteins exhibiting a similar hydropathic profile might be secreted by a type III system, we used a heterologous secretion system. Chimeras were constructed by fusing the N-terminal part of these proteins with a reporter, the Cya protein of Bordetella pertussis, and these were expressed in various strains of Shigella flexneri. We demonstrate that these hybrid proteins are secreted by the type III secretion system of S. flexneri, thereby providing evidence that IncA, IncB and IncC are secreted by a type III mechanism in chlamydiae. Moreover, we show that three other proteins from Chlamydia pneumoniae, all of which have in common the presence of a large hydrophobic domain, are also secreted by S. flexneri type III secretion machinery.
A highly sensitive and label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for beta 2-microglobulin (2017)

A highly sensitive and label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was fabricated for the detection of β-2-microglobulin (β2M) based on a gold nanoparticle-doped@carbon nano-onion chitosan nanocomposite modified cadmium selenide quantum dot screen-printed electrode (QDs-SPE/AuNPs@CNOs-CS) for the first time.
Efficient targeted DNA editing and replacement in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> using Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins and single-stranded DNA (2017)

The green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> is an invaluable reference organism to research fields including algal, plant, and ciliary biology. Accordingly, decades-long standing inefficiencies in targeted nuclear gene editing broadly hinder <i>Chlamydomonas</i> research. Here we report that single-step codelivery of CRISPR/Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins with single-stranded DNA repair templates results in precise and targeted DNA replacement with as much as ∼10% efficiency in <i>C. reinhardtii</i> We demonstrate its use in transgene- and selection-free generation of sequence-specific mutations and epitope tagging at an endogenous locus. As the direct delivery of gene-editing reagents bypasses the use of transgenes, this method is potentially applicable to a wider range of species without the need to develop methods for stable transformation.
Bidirectional transmission scheme using intensity modulation of 1.48 μm pump laser diode for erbium-doped fibre amplifier (1991)

A bidirectional transmission scheme is proposed that is suitable for an optical transmission system with Er3+-doped fibre amplifiers using pump intensity modulation of a 1.48 μm pump laser diode. The practical feasibility of this proposal is confirmed by a system analysis and a transmission experiment. No penalty was observed for an amplified 2.4 Gbit/s signal at 1.536 μ with a 5 MHz subcarrier from a 1.48 μm pump laser diode.
Analysis of a major target of the human immune response to cytomegalovirus using monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (C6D1 and D2B1) were found to react with a set of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected cell polypeptides, which comprise a major target of the human immune response to CMV. C6D1 reacted with proteins of 50 kilodaltons (KD) and 40KD molecular weight; D2B1 reacted with these two proteins plus a third of 35KD. Western blot analysis demonstrated that these protein targets also react with serum antibody from patients with acute or latent CMV infection. Immunofluorescence staining of CMV-infected diploid fibroblast cells by C6D1 and D2B1 showed that the protein targets are found in the nucleus throughout the course of viral infection. The proteins were shown to be late proteins dependent on viral DNA synthesis for their expression. Not all wild-type CMV strains tested expressed proteins that react with C6D1 and D2B1. Using an immunofluorescence stain of diploid fibroblasts infected with CMV strains from infected patients, we found that 70 of 76 (92%) wild-type strains reacted with C6D1 and 23 of 24 (96%) with D2B1. One strain was not reactive with either C6D1 or D2B1. Western blot analysis of 11 wild-type strains revealed that two isolates either lack the C6D1 and D2B1 protein targets or have forms of these proteins that migrate at different molecular weights.
Differentiating pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms form serous oligocystic adenomas in spectral CT images using machine learning algorithms: A preliminary study (2013)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers. Distinguishing mucinous cystic neoplasm from serous oligocystic adenoma by using cross-sectional imaging system is very important for patients' prognosis. Gemstone spectral computed tomography (CT) can provide more information as compared with the conventional CT. Machine-learning algorithms have been employed in a great variety of applications. This preliminary study aims to verify the effectiveness of the additional information provided by spectral CT with the use of the state-of-the-art classification algorithm combined with feature-selection methods. Results show that SVM+MI achieves the highest classification accuracy (71.43%). The second highest classification accuracy is obtained by using SVM+LO (63.83%). Features selected by these algorithms are consistent with clinical observations. Top-ranking features include lower viewing energy (around 50 keV) CT values, Iodine-Water concentrations, and Effective-Z.
"Improved Geometric Network Model" (IGNM): a novel approach for deriving Connectivity Graphs for Indoor Navigation (2014)

Abstract. Over the past few years Personal Navigation Systems have become an established tool for route planning, but they are mainly designed for outdoor environments. Indoor navigation is still a challenging research area for several reasons: positioning is not very accurate, users can freely move between the interior boundaries of buildings, path network construction process may not be easy and straightforward due to complexity of indoor space configurations. Therefore the creation of a good network is essential for deriving overall connectivity of a building and for representing position of objects within the environment. This paper reviews current approaches to automatic derivation of route graphs for indoor navigation and discusses some of their limitations. Then, it introduces a novel algorithmic strategy for extracting a 3D connectivity graph for indoor navigation based on 2D floor plans.
Abstractive Text Summarization with LSTM using Beam Search Inference Phase Decoder and Attention Mechanism (2021)

Volume of textual data has been being increased tremendously for last few years. Such increase is because of rapid growth in technical era. Especially, in the field of product review, lengthy and large number of reviews are available. An automated tool is required, which can transform lengthy review into brief summary; containing overall idea behind the review. Such automatic text summarization may appear as a boon for humanity. Abstractive text summarization is very useful in summary generation. It considers context of the information and generates non-verbatim sentences. In this paper, we are going to focus on using beam search decoder during inference phase with linear normalization and LSTM in encoder-decoder sequence-to-sequence model. Attention mechanism is used to improve processing speed by focusing on certain part of the review sentence. Result shows that the summary generated using beam search decoder is more precise than summary generated from normally used greedy decoder.