gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
iFogSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the Internet of Things, Edge and Fog computing environments (2017)

Summary Internet of Things (IoT) aims to bring every object (eg, smart cameras, wearable, environmental sensors, home appliances, and vehicles) online, hence generating massive volume of data that can overwhelm storage systems and data analytics applications. Cloud computing offers services at the infrastructure level that can scale to IoT storage and processing requirements. However, there are applications such as health monitoring and emergency response that require low latency, and delay that is caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact their performances. To overcome this limitation, Fog computing paradigm has been proposed, where cloud services are extended to the edge of the network to decrease the latency and network congestion. To realize the full potential of Fog and IoT paradigms for real‐time analytics, several challenges need to be addressed. The first and most critical problem is designing resource management techniques that determine which modules of analytics applications are pushed to each edge device to minimize the latency and maximize the throughput. To this end, we need an evaluation platform that enables the quantification of performance of resource management policies on an IoT or Fog computing infrastructure in a repeatable manner. In this paper we propose a simulator, called iFogSim , to model IoT and Fog environments and measure the impact of resource management techniques in latency, network congestion, energy consumption, and cost. We describe two case studies to demonstrate modeling of an IoT environment and comparison of resource management policies. Moreover, scalability of the simulation toolkit of RAM consumption and execution time is verified under different circumstances.
“Transforming” Delete, Retrieve, Generate Approach for Controlled Text Style Transfer (2019)

Akhilesh Sudhakar, Bhargav Upadhyay, Arjun Maheswaran. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Short-Term Efficacy of CBD-Enriched Hemp Oil in Girls with Dysautonomic Syndrome after Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. (2017)

This study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of CBD-rich hemp oil and the primary efficacy endpoint. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to characterize the safety profile and efficacy of this compound.
Beeswax: A minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine (2016)

Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey. Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties, the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products. Also, beeswax is used in the food industry: as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products. Exactly as the honey which it contains, beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises, inflammation and burns. Recently, the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of beeswax. The few studies showed an antimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil. This minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.
Phosphate-silicate composite coating formed on AM60 magnesium alloy (2009)

A phosphate–silicate composite coating was investigated for AM60 magnesium alloy. The coating was achieved in a phosphate–permanganate solution which involved sealing in sodium silicate solution. The morphology, composition and corrosion resistance on the coatings were analysed. The phosphate–permanganate conversion coating was shown to exhibit network feature and plenty of cracks. The coating containing increased Mn element was produced using acetic acid to adjust the pH of the phosphating bath. The corrosion resistance of the coating was improved. The phosphate–silicate composite coating became more compact. The cracks on the phosphate–permanganate conversion coating were filled in by silica gel through sealing. The main elemental compositions of the phosphate–silicate composite coating were Mg, O, K, P, Mn and Si. The electrochemical polarisation curves demonstrated that the phosphate–silicate composite coating provided more effective protection against corrosion than that of phosphate–permanganate conversion coating and traditional chromate conversion coating.
MCDM Model for Selecting Internet Access Technologies - A Case Study in Mozambique (2005)

The development of Internet, networking and access technologies is providing a wide variety of Internet interconnection alternatives. The availability of several options in the Internet interconnection market makes it difficult to select the "optimal" alternative for a specific end-user in a specific context. A MCDM based model for structuring and solving the Internet access technologies selection decision problem is proposed. The applicability and validation of this approach is demonstrated in a case study in Mozambique
Role of viscosity coefficients during spreading and coalescence of droplets in liquids (2017)

The role of absolute viscosities on the dynamics of droplet spreading on solids and droplet-droplet coalescence in liquid-liquid systems is experimentally characterized for a broad range of fluid parameters. We show in particular the existence of a viscous function based on both inner and outer fluid viscosities that allows for the determination of the critical wetting velocity and the evolution of contact diameters during immersed spreading and coalescence of droplets. This work quantifies the cooperative effects of fluid viscosities on droplet dynamics as well as their overall reduced influence from initial wetting to spreading and coalescence, which provides insights into the role of wetting contact lines on spontaneous capillary phenomena.Received 6 August 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.111601©2017 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasDrop & bubble phenomenaDrop coalescenceDrop interactionsWettingFluid Dynamics
Acute Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects of Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Ovine Heart Failure (1992)

The effects of neutral endopeptidase inhibition (NEP-I) were studied in 6 conscious sheep with heart failure (HF) induced by rapid ventricular pacing for 7 days. Measurements were performed 1 h before and for 6 h after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of vehicle and SCH 39370 (1.25 and 5 mg/kg) on separate days. After the higher dose, an index of serum NEP activity decreased from 0.83 +/- 0.05 to 0.13 +/- 0.07 nmol/ml/min (p less than 0.001) at 1 h and then returned to control levels at 6 h. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic GMP rose from 328 +/- 28 and 20.2 +/- 4.3 to a peak of 570 +/- 65 pmol/L (p less than 0.001) and 28.7 +/- 6.3 nmol/L (p less than 0.05) respectively. Natriuresis and diuresis were significant and left atrial pressure (LAP) decreased from 21.9 +/- 1.1 to 20.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Despite high endogenous ANP levels in HF, NEP-I further increases both ANP and its "second messenger." Its natriuretic and hemodynamic effects are consistent with enhanced ANP activity in renal and vascular tissues, suggesting that NEP-I may be useful for treating HF.
Involvement of BLT1 Endocytosis and Yes Kinase Activation in Leukotriene B4-Induced Neutrophil Degranulation (2005)

One of the important biological activities of human neutrophils is degranulation, which can be induced by leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Here we investigated the intracellular signaling events involved in neutrophil degranulation mediated by the high affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1. Peripheral blood neutrophils as well as the promyeloid PLB-985 cell line, stably transfected with BLT1 cDNA and differentiated into a neutrophil-like cell phenotype, were used throughout this study. LTB4-induced enzyme release was inhibited by 50-80% when cells were pretreated with the pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis sucrose, Con A and NH4Cl. In addition, transient transfection with a dominant negative form of dynamin (K44A) resulted in approximately 70% inhibition of ligand-induced degranulation. Pretreating neutrophils or BLT1-expressing PLB-985 cells with the Src family kinase inhibitor PP1 resulted in a 30-60% inhibition in BLT1-mediated degranulation. Yes kinase, but not c-Src, Fgr, Hck, or Lyn, was found to exhibit up-regulated kinase activity after LTB4 stimulation. Moreover, BLT1 endocytosis was found to be necessary for Yes kinase activation in neutrophils. LTB4-induced degranulation was also sensitive to inhibition of PI3K. In contrast, it was not affected by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK kinase, the Janus kinases, or the receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor or platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Taken together, our results suggest an essential role for BLT1 endocytosis and Yes kinase activation in LTB4-mediated degranulation of human neutrophils.
Racemic-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic Acid for Inorganic Mercury Mobilization in Rats (1997)

The efficiency of racemic-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (rac-DMSA) compared with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (meso-DMSA) in mobilizing inorganic mercury was evaluated in female rats. Chelators were administered orally at a dose of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mmol kg-1 on four consecutive days, 5 days after a single intraperitoneal 203Hg injection (with 0.5 mg HgCl2 kg-1). Both chelators reduced 203Hg retention in whole body and kidney and at higher doses also in the liver. Racemic-DMSA was more efficient at lower dose levels and equal to meso-DMSA at the highest dose level. Kidney retention decreased after rac-DMSA to 27, 10 and 10% of controls and after meso-DMSA to 68, 39 and 10% of control values at the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol kg-1 dose level, respectively. Since meso-DMSA is already approved for human use, its stereoisomeric form, rac-DMSA, deserves further attention for treatment of mercury poisoning.
Sagittal alignment and the Bryan cervical artificial disc (2004)

Patients who underwent arthroplasty with a Bryan cervical artificial disc had a focal loss of lordosis (that is, kyphosis) at the treated levels after single-level procedures. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in the overall sagittal curvature of the cervical spine after single-level artificial disc replacements. The patients who underwent two-level artificial disc placement had no significant changes in lordosis at the treated levels or in the overall curvature. The likely source of this outcome appears to be the endplate milling procedures that reorient the vertebral endplates.
XL518, a potent selective orally bioavailable MEK1 inhibitor, downregulates the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in vivo, resulting in tumor growth inhibition and regression in pre-clinical models (2007)

C209 Activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk pathway is a frequent occurrence in human tumors and often results from mutational activation of K-Ras or B-Raf. Activating B-Raf mutations are prevalent in malignant melanomas (66%) and are also found in colon cancer (15%) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (27%). Eighty percent of the constitutive activating B-Raf mutations result in a single substitution (V600E) in the activation loop of the kinase. Cancer cells transformed by B-RafV600E are exquisitely sensitive to MEK1 inhibition; therefore, MEK1 inhibitors may have particular clinical utility in melanoma and other tumors harboring this B-Raf mutation.  XL518 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of MEK1, with an IC50
Comparison of detrended fluctuation analysis and spectral analysis for heart rate variability in sleep and sleep apnea (2003)

Sleep has been regarded as a testing situation for the autonomic nervous system, because its activity is modulated by sleep stages. Sleep-related breathing disorders also influence the autonomic nervous system and can cause heart rate changes known as cyclical variation. We investigated the effect of sleep stages and sleep apnea on autonomic activity by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Since spectral analysis is suited for the identification of cyclical variations and detrended fluctuation analysis can analyze the scaling behavior and detect long-range correlations, we compared the results of both complementary techniques in 14 healthy subjects, 33 patients with moderate, and 31 patients with severe sleep apnea. The spectral parameters VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF confirmed increasing parasympathetic activity from wakefulness and REM over light sleep to deep sleep, which is reduced in patients with sleep apnea. Discriminance analysis was used on a person and sleep stage basis to determine the best method for the separation of sleep stages and sleep apnea severity. Using spectral parameters 69.7% of the apnea severity assignments and 54.6% of the sleep stage assignments were correct, while using scaling analysis these numbers increased to 74.4% and 85.0%, respectively. We conclude that changes in HRV are better quantified by scaling analysis than by spectral analysis.
BCG Vaccine and Its Derivatives (1976)

BCG vaccine is undergoing extensive clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. These studies are based on its immunopotentiating and macrophage-activating properties. Efficacy of BCG vaccine probably depends on strain, proportion of viable organisms, absence of free soluble antigens, dose, route, and schedule of administration. BCG vaccine is most efficacious when administered in conjunction with or following intensive cytoreductive maneuvers such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. BCG vaccine has shown beneficial activity in acute myelogenous leukemia, malignant melanoma, colon cancer, lymphoma, head and neck cancer, and other tumors. Since BCG vaccine has toxic side effects, and since less than optimal preparations can be detrimental in terms of tumor control, progress in the development of BCG vaccine immunotherapy must be based on sound clinical trials, careful clinical and immunological evaluation of treated subjects, and continuing research on basic and applied aspects of its immunological and other biological activities. (<i>JAMA</i>235:646-650, 1976)
CHARMM-GUI<i>Membrane Builder</i>toward realistic biological membrane simulations (2014)

CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder, http://www.charmm-gui.org/input/membrane, is a web-based user interface designed to interactively build all-atom protein/membrane or membrane-only systems for molecular dynamics simulations through an automated optimized process. In this work, we describe the new features and major improvements in Membrane Builder that allow users to robustly build realistic biological membrane systems, including (1) addition of new lipid types, such as phosphoinositides, cardiolipin (CL), sphingolipids, bacterial lipids, and ergosterol, yielding more than 180 lipid types, (2) enhanced building procedure for lipid packing around protein, (3) reliable algorithm to detect lipid tail penetration to ring structures and protein surface, (4) distance-based algorithm for faster initial ion displacement, (5) CHARMM inputs for P21 image transformation, and (6) NAMD equilibration and production inputs. The robustness of these new features is illustrated by building and simulating a membrane model of the polar and septal regions of E. coli membrane, which contains five lipid types: CL lipids with two types of acyl chains and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids with three types of acyl chains. It is our hope that CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder becomes a useful tool for simulation studies to better understand the structure and dynamics of proteins and lipids in realistic biological membrane environments.
Combinational-Logic-Based Traction Inverter Fault Diagnosis (2015)

This paper presents a combinational-logic-based approach for identifying faults that could occur in the drivetrain of an electric vehicle (EV). A real-time simulation model of an EV is used to study the behavior of available sensor signals and control commands, with specific measured quantities, during vehicle operation. Those quantities could be, but are not limited to, mean values of the phase currents, DC bus current, traction motor speed (if available), in addition to control command quantities. Focus is given to these quantities which are abundant in vehicle inverters and controllers for no added sensing costs. Those quantities carry information of offsets and disturbances that could occur under faulty operating conditions compared to nominal operation, and are thus observed and studied under these conditions. Using such information, a method is developed using simple combinational logic and thresholds to diagnose a fault occurring at any time during a vehicle drive cycle. By combining features of measured quantities that behave similarly irrespective of when the fault occurs during a driving cycle, the proposed method is fault-time-insensitive. The proposed method is presented and validated by real-time simulations to capture over 20 different faults injected at different drive cycle times and in different drivetrain components-electric machine, inverter, transmission, and sensors. Results show that the proposed method is able to robustly and successfully diagnose different faults irrespective of when would they occur.
Two control schemes to enhance the dynamic performance of the STATCOM and SSSC (2005)

The paper presents an in-depth investigation of the dynamic performance of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) theoretically and by exact digital simulation. A 24-pulse GTO dc-ac converter model is designed to represent the operation of the STATCOM and SSSC within a power transmission system. Two major factors of the STATCOM instability are analyzed and a new Automatic Gain Controller (AGC) is proposed to ensure the stable operation of the STATCOM under various load conditions. It is shown that the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) inherent delay has a great effect on the dynamic operation of the SSSC and a new auxiliary regulator is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of the SSSC. The proposed control schemes are validated by digital simulation.
Adaptive Optimizing Control for Nonlinear Synchronous Generator System with Uncertain Disturbance (2019)

In this paper, an adaptive optimizing control is proposed for nonlinear synchronous generator system with uncertain disturbance. Considering the issue of uncertain item, a low‐order Extended State Observer (ESO) is constructed to track each order states. Then, combining Backstepping technology and proposed ESO, a dynamic compensation control is designed to compensate the uncertainty disturbance in each state quantity. The proposed method demonstrated that stability of the system can be ensured, and tracking burden of ESO can be reduced. Finally, simulation results can show a good tracking performance and anti‐interference ability by the proposed control method.
Thermal reaction of nickel and Si0.75Ge0.25 alloy (2002)

The interfacial reactions and chemical phase formation between nickel and ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposited Si0.75Ge0.25 alloy have been studied within the temperature range of 300–900 °C for forming low resistive and uniform silicide films for future application in SiGe based metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor devices. The silicided films were characterized by the x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman microscopy techniques. Smooth and uniform nickel monogermanosilicide NiSi0.75Ge0.25 films have been observed for samples annealed at around 400–500 °C. For annealing temperatures of 500 °C and above, Ge-rich Si1−zGez grains where z&gt;0.25 were found among Ge deficient Niy(SiwGe1−w)1−y grains where w&lt;0.25 and the Niy(Si1−wGew)1−y phase is thermally stable up to an annealing temperature of 800 °C. We found that the Ni/SiGe reaction is mainly diffusion controlled with Ge and Ni as the dominant diffusing species compared to Si during the annealing process. In addition, Ge has been found to promote agglomeration especially above 700 °C, leading to an abrupt increase in the sheet resistance.
A multireflection cell for enhanced absorbance detection in microchip-based capillary electrophoresis devices (2000)

The design, fabrication and testing of a photolithographically fabricated, glass-based multireflection absorbance cell for microfluidic devices, in particular microchip-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems is described. A multireflection cell was fabricated lithographically using a three-mask process to pattern aluminum mirrors above and below a flow channel in a chip, with 30 microm diameter optical entrance or exit apertures (one in each mirror) positioned 200 microm apart. Source and detector were positioned on opposite sides, and the metal mirrors were made 1 cm square, to reduce stray light effects. Calibration curves using bromothymol blue (BTB) with a 633 nm source (He:Ne laser) were linear to at least 0.5 absorbance units, with typical r2 values of 0.9997, relative standard deviations in the slopes of +/- 1.3%, and intercepts of zero within experimental error. Effective optical pathlengths of 50-272 microm were achieved, compared to single-pass pathlengths of 10-30 microm, corresponding to sensitivity enhancements (i.e., optical path length increase) of 5 to 10-fold over single-pass devices. Baseline absorbance noise varied within a factor of two in almost all devices, depending only weakly on path length. This device can give much higher absorbance sensitivity, and should be much easier to manufacture than planar, glass-based devices previously reported.
Co-Release of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and Nano- and Microparticles from Thermal Cutting of Polystyrene Foams (2012)

Polystyrene foam is a very important insulation material, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is frequently used as its flame retardant. HBCD is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic, and therefore workplace exposure and environmental emission should be avoided. In this study, we investigated the co-release of HBCD and aerosol particles during the thermal cutting of expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS). The generated particles were simultaneously measured by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and collected by a cascade impactor (NanoMoudi). In the breathing zone of a cutting worker, the number concentration of aerosol particles was above 1 × 10(12) particles m(-3), and the air concentration of HBCD was more than 50 μg m(-3). Most of the released HBCD was partitioned into particles with an aerodynamic diameter at the nanometer scale. The average concentrations of HBCD in these submicrometer particles generated from the thermal cutting of EPS and XPS were 13 times and 15 times higher than the concentrations in raw foams, respectively. An occupational exposure assessment indicated that more than 60% of HBCD and 70% of particles deposited in the lung of cutting worker would be allocated to the alveolar region. The potential subchronic (or chronic) toxicity jointly caused by the particles and HBCD calls for future studies.