gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CoDAC: Compressive Depth Acquisition using a Single Time-resolved Sensor (2012)

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems use time of flight (TOF) in combination with raster scanning of the scene to form depth maps, and TOF cameras instead make TOF measurements in parallel by using an array of sensors. Here we present a framework for depth map acquisition using neither raster scanning by the illumination source nor an array of sensors. Our architecture uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) to spatially pattern a temporally-modulated light source. Then, measurements from a single omnidirectional sensor provide adequate information for depth map estimation at a resolution equal that of the SLM. Proof-of-concept experiments have verified the validity of our modeling and algorithms.
Completion and trial operation of the superconducting magnets for the Large Helical Device (1999)

The Large Helical Device (LHD) is a plasma physics experimental device having two superconducting helical coils and three pairs of poloidal coils. All assembly and attachment works of LHD were completed in January 1998. The trial operation and the first plasma ignition of the eight-year Phase I project for LHD were finished in March just as planned. After that time the first cycle plasma experiment was carried on at a plasma central field of 1.5 T. The second cycle experiment is now conducted. The LHD magnets will be excited to a central field of 3.0 T in December 1998.
Hybrid lossless and lossy compression technique for ECG signals (2017)

A single cycle of an ECG signal is composed of multiple segments. The QRS segment is considered as the most important segment for accurate diagnosis in many heart related disorders and this segment should be preserved against any major signal distortion during the process of compression. In this paper, a novel hybrid ECG signal data compression technique is proposed, in which lossless compression is applied on QRS segments and lossy compression is applied on other segments, without actually implementing any wave-recognition algorithm. Experimental results have shown that with the optimal selection of threshold and aperture size, it is possible to preserve the quality of QRS segments for enhancing the diagnostic capability with the reconstructed signal while achieving higher compression efficiency at the same time.
Direct and Indirect Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs Among Migraine Patients in the United States (2018)

Results from this real-world assessment of the economic burden of migraine suggest that migraine imposes a substantial direct and indirect cost burden in the United States. Compared to matched nonmigraine patients, migraine patients were more likely to have work loss and longer periods of work loss, leading to significantly higher indirect costs. Migraine patients also had higher levels of healthcare utilization, despite the relatively stable prevalence of migraine and the available acute and preventive treatment options for migraine management.
Infection after Clavicle Fractures (2005)

Currently there are no reported series on the treatment of patients cared for after infection of their clavicular fractures. Therefore, our purpose in doing this study was to review patients who were treated for infection after clavicle fractures at our institutions between 1995 and 2001 to determine the organisms responsible for infection, the union rates, and the functional results. During this period, six patients were treated for infection after a clavicular fracture. Five patients had a postoperative infection after attempts at open reduction and internal fixation. One patient had an infection after her nonunion eroded through the skin. Four patients presented 3 months or fewer from the time of injury/surgery. Three patients had a polymicrobial infection and three patients had single-organism infections. Infection may be acute or significantly delayed from the time of the initial surgical procedure. Among those patients with continued nonunions despite surgical intervention, late infection should be suspected. In this series only two patients with infected clavicles went on to bony union. The surgeon should be aware of the extreme difficulty in treating this complication and its poor prognosis.
Mechanisms of brain injury. (1993)

Head injuries vary widely in their etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and optimal treatment strategies. Broadly speaking, there are two categories of brain injury: focal injuries and diffuse injuries. Focal brain injuries, which are usually caused by direct blows to the head, comprise contusions, brain lacerations, and hemorrhage leading to the formation of hematoma in the extradural, subarachnoid, subdural, or intracerebral compartments within the head. Diffuse brain injuries, which are usually caused by a sudden movement of the head, comprise classical brief cerebral concussion and more prolonged posttraumatic coma, also known as diffuse axonal injury. Primary traumatic effects involve neural or vascular elements of the brain, which can be affected by delayed effects such as deafferentation or secondary events such as ischemia, swelling, cerebral edema, and increased intracranial pressure. Axonal damage at the node of Ranvier results in a traumatic defect in the axonal membrane that causes the excessive accumulation of calcium ions within the intracellular compartment of the axon. Brain ischemia can result in a similar effect, further increasing the accumulation of calcium ions, which can lead to axonal degeneration. Injury-specific treatments are now being designed to alter the various pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury.
Continuum Theory of Ductile Rupture by Void Nucleation and Growth: Part I—Yield Criteria and Flow Rules for Porous Ductile Media (1977)

Widely used constitutive laws for engineering materials assume plastic incompressibility, and no effect on yield of the hydrostatic component of stress. However, void nucleation and growth (and thus bulk dilatancy) are commonly observed is some processes which are characterized by large local plastic flow, such as ductile fracture. The purpose of this work is to develop approximate yield criteria and flow rules for porous (dilatant) ductile materials, showing the role of hydrostatic stress in plastic yield and void growth. Other elements of a constitutive theory for porous ductile materials, such as void nucleation, plastic flow and hardening behavior, and a criterion for ductile fracture will be discussed in Part II of this series. The yield criteria are approximated through an upper bound approach. Simplified physical models for ductile porous materials (aggregates of voids and ductile matrix) are employed, with the matrix material idealized as rigid-perfectly plastic and obeying the von Mises yield criterion. Velocity fields are developed for the matrix which conform to the macroscopic flow behavior of the bulk material. Using a distribution of macroscopic flow fields and working through a dissipation integral, upper bounds to the macroscopic stress fields required for yield are calculated. Their locus in stress space forms the yield locus. It is shown that normality holds for this yield locus, so a flow rule results. Approximate functional forms for the yield loci are developed.
Non-destructive mechanical characterisation of UVA/riboflavin crosslinked collagen hydrogels (2007)

The non-destructive technique demonstrated a new methodology comparable with strip extensiometry for cornea or corneal model specimens but with more convenient features. This approach could be used as an initial step in developing new crosslinking treatments for patients with keratoconus.
Direct conversion-how to make it work in TV tuners (1996)

The problems of direct conversion tuners are briefly discussed and solutions are presented to automatically correct the inherent gain and phase errors using digital signal processing. We have built a hardware prototype for reception of analog and digital signals to carry out experiments. The direct conversion affects also the design of the preselection in the RF and IF filters, the local oscillator and to some extent the AGC system (automatic gain control). Novel ideas are discussed that perform an important advance towards an alignment-free tuner.
Folding and aggregation of designed proteins (1998)

Protein aggregation is studied by following the simultaneous folding of two designed identical 20-letter amino acid chains within the framework of a lattice model and using Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that protein aggregation is determined by elementary structures (partially folded intermediates) controlled by local contacts among some of the most strongly interacting amino acids and formed at an early stage in the folding process.
Positron Annihilation in ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Angular Correlation (1974)

Angular correlation curve of powdered monoclinic ZrO 2 was taken and compared with some calculated curves, It is expected that the wave function of oxygen 2s electron extends more outwards than that used here.
Bonding Erythrocytes to Plastic Substrates by Glow-Discharge Activation (1979)

A procedure was developed for attaching erythrocytes to various plastics. Plastic disks were exposed to ammonia glow discharge (AGD) and found thereafter to form weak bonds with red cells settling from a dilute saline suspension poured over the disks. When the disks were used to produce a rotating shear flow, complete cell detachment was observed for stresses exceeding 34 dynes/cm2. Far stronger bonding was achieved by treating AGD-bonded cells with glutaraldehyde, and subsequent shearing failed to detach any cells (maximum stress 58 dynes/cm2). The proposed chemical mechanism involves attachment of -NH2 groups on the plastic during AGD, and formation also of carbonyl oxygen later, to provide sites for hydrogen bonding with the cell membrane. Subsequent glutaraldehyde exposure produces crosslinking between disk and cell, as well as fixing the cell in the normal way. Thus, the initial step succeeds in attaching erythrocytes in a deformable condition but rather weakly, while the second step produces rigid cells which are also bonded more strongly.
Quantum support vector machine for big feature and big data classification. (2013)

Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on
already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support
vector machine, an optimized linear and non-linear binary classifier, can be
implemented on a quantum computer, with exponential speedups in the size of the
vectors and the number of training data examples. At the core of the algorithm
is a non-sparse matrix simulation technique to efficiently perform a principal
component analysis and matrix inversion of the training data kernel matrix. We
thus provide an example of a quantum big feature and big data algorithm and
pave the way for future developments at the intersection of quantum computing
and machine learning.
Glycemic Control and the Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Finnish Studies (1996)

Two prospective, population-based studies from Finland give evidence for the linear association of glycemic control with the risk for coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly patients with NIDDM.
Rotordynamic Performance of a Shaft With Large Overhung Mass Supported by Foil Bearings (2016)

This work presents the theoretical and experimental rotordynamic evaluations of a rotor-air foil bearing system supporting a large overhung mass for high speed application. The proposed system highlights the compact design of a single shaft rotor configuration with turbomachine components arranged on one side of the bearing span. In this work, low speed tests up to 45krpm are performed to measure the lift off speed and to check the bearing manufacturing quality. Rotordynamic performance at high speeds is evaluated both analytically and experimentally. In the analytical approach, simulated imbalance responses are studied using both rigid and flexible shaft models with bearing forces calculated from transient Reynolds equation along with rotor motion. The simulation predicts that the system experiences small synchronous rigid mode vibration at 20krpm and bending mode at 200krpm. A high speed test rig is designed to experimentally evaluate the rotor-air foil bearings system. The high speed tests are operated up to 160krpm. The vibration spectrum indicates that the rotor-air foil bearing system operates under stable conditions. The experimental waterfall plots also show very small sub-synchronous vibrations with frequency locked to the system natural frequency. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential capability of air foil bearings in supporting a shaft with a large overhung mass at high speed.
Communication and Collaboration Service Components for Ubiquitous Communication Applications (2013)

Over the past decades we have undergone a series of significant evolution in the computing and communication technologies and have experienced better quality of life. Among these evolutions, the mobile device technology has changed the life-style of people significantly and made new business opportunities. Especially, the widespread use of smartphones accelerates to make ubiquitous communication world. It is needed to apply new technology to the legacy system rapidly and to introduce new applications to the market based on the new functions quickly. This paper describes the Converged Service Platform which provides a playground of applications for application providers, and introduces service components for a ubiquitous communication and collaboration working environment. The Converged Service Platform is designed to support the process of service delivery mechanism which consists of service creation, service execution, and service management based on the Service-Oriented Architecture. The platform focused on supporting communication and collaboration functionalities in the form of service components to make ubiquitous working environment. The service components utilize various communication means such as e-mail, short message, messengers, wired or wireless telephone call and even social network services, and give knowledge sharing functionalities such as file cloud, wiki and etc.
Multimeric complexes of the PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion protein in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and interference with retinoid and peroxisome-proliferator signaling pathways. (1995)

The t(15;17) chromosomal translocation, specific for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), fuses the PML gene to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) gene, resulting in expression of a PML-RAR alpha hybrid protein. In this report, we analyzed the nature of PML-RAR alpha-containing complexes in nuclear protein extracts of t(15;17)-positive cells. We show that endogenous PML-RAR alpha can bind to DNA as a homodimer, in contrast to RAR alpha that requires the retinoid X receptor (RXR) dimerization partner. In addition, these cells contain oligomeric complexes of PML-RAR alpha and endogenous RXR. Treatment with retinoic acid results in a decrease of PML-RAR alpha protein levels and, as a consequence, of DNA binding by the different complexes. Using responsive elements from various hormone signaling pathways, we show that PML-RAR alpha homodimers have altered DNA-binding characteristics when compared to RAR alpha-RXR alpha heterodimers. In transfected Drosophila SL-3 cells that are devoid of endogenous retinoid receptors PML-RAR alpha inhibits transactivation by RAR alpha-RXR alpha heterodimers in a dominant fashion. In addition, we show that both normal retinoid receptors and the PML-RAR alpha hybrid bind and activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor responsive element from the Acyl-CoA oxidase gene, indicating that retinoids and peroxisome proliferator receptors may share common target genes. These properties of PML-RAR alpha may contribute to the transformed phenotype of APL cells.
Engineered Transport in Microporous Materials and Membranes for Clean Energy Technologies (2018)

Many forward-looking clean-energy technologies hinge on the development of scalable and efficient membrane-based separations. Ongoing investment in the basic research of microporous materials is beginning to pay dividends in membrane technology maturation. Specifically, improvements in membrane selectivity, permeability, and durability are being leveraged for more efficient carbon capture, desalination, and energy storage, and the market adoption of membranes in those areas appears to be on the horizon. Herein, an overview of the microporous materials chemistry driving advanced membrane development, the clean-energy separations employing them, and the theoretical underpinnings tying membrane performance to membrane structure across multiple length scales is provided. The interplay of pore architecture and chemistry for a given set of analytes emerges as a critical design consideration dictating mass transport outcomes. Opportunities and outstanding challenges in the field are also discussed, including high-flux 2D molecular-sieving membranes, phase-change adsorbents as performance-enhancing components in composite membranes, and the need for quantitative metrologies for understanding mass transport in heterophasic materials and in micropores with unusual chemical interactions with analytes of interest.
Phyto‐fabrication, purification, characterisation, optimisation, and biological competence of nano‐silver (2021)

Published studies indicate that virtually any kind of botanical material can be exploited to make biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective silver nanoparticles. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that plants possess active bio-ingredients that function as powerful reducing and coating agents for Ag+. In this respect, a phytomediation method provides favourable monodisperse, crystalline, and spherical particles that can be easily purified by ultra-centrifugation. However, the characteristics of the particles depend on the reaction conditions. Optimal reaction conditions observed in different experiments were 70-95 °C and pH 5.5-8.0. Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have remarkable physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties. Research findings revealed the versatility of silver particles, ranging from exploitation in topical antimicrobial ointments to in vivo prosthetic/organ implants. Advances in research on biogenic silver nanoparticles have led to the development of sophisticated optical and electronic materials with improved efficiency in a compact configuration. So far, eco-toxicity of these nanoparticles is a big challenge, and no reliable method to improve the toxicity has been reported. Therefore, there is a need for reliable models to evaluate the effect of these nanoparticles on living organisms.
Anterior Teeth Splinting After Orthodontic Treatment: 3D Analysis Using Finite Element Method. (2012)

Splinted cases (with round or rectangular wires) can benefit from stress redistribution when biting small food particles and in lateral movement.
Temporal difference learning applied to a high-performance game-playing program (2001)

The temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm offers the hope that the arduous task of manually tuning the evaluation function weights of game-playing programs can be automated. With one exception (TD-Gammon), TD learning has not been demonstrated to be effictive in a high-performance, world Class game-palying program. Further, there has been doubt expressed by game-program developers that learned weights could compete with the best hand-tuned weights. Chinook is the World Man-Machine tuned over 5 years. This paper shows that TD learinng is capable of competing with the best human effort.
Rapamycin Upregulates Autophagy by Inhibiting the mTOR-ULK1 Pathway, Resulting in Reduced Podocyte Injury (2013)

The podocyte functions as a glomerular filtration barrier. Autophagy of postmitotic cells is an important protective mechanism that is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of podocytes. Exploring an in vivo rat model of passive Heymann nephritis and an in vitro model of puromycin amino nucleotide (PAN)-cultured podocytes, we examined the specific mechanisms underlying changing autophagy levels and podocyte injury. In the passive Heymann nephritis model rats, the mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) levels were upregulated in injured podocytes while autophagy was inhibited. In PAN-treated podocytes, mTOR lowered the level of autophagy through the mTOR-ULK1 pathway resulting in damaged podocytes. Rapamycin treatment of these cells reduced podocyte injury by raising the levels of autophagy. These in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that podocyte injury is associated with changes in autophagy levels, and that rapamycin can reduce podocyte injury by increasing autophagy levels via inhibition of the mTOR-ULK1 pathway. These results provide an important theoretical basis for future treatment of diseases involving podocyte injury.
Extraction of Oleic Acid from Moroccan Olive Mill Wastewater (2016)

The production of olive oil in Morocco has recently grown considerably for its economic and nutritional importance favored by the country's climate. After the extraction of olive oil by pressing or centrifuging, the obtained liquid contains oil and vegetation water which is subsequently separated by decanting or centrifugation. Despite its treatment throughout the extraction process, this olive mill wastewater, OMW, still contains a very important oily residue, always regarded as a rejection. The separated oil from OMW can not be intended for food because of its high acidity of 3.397% which exceeds the international standard for human consumption defined by the standard of the Codex Alimentarius, proving its poor quality. This work gives value addition to what would normally be regarded as waste by the extraction of oleic acid as a high value product, using the technique of inclusion with urea for the elimination of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids through four successive crystallizations at 4°C and 20°C to have a final phase with oleic acid purity of 95.49%, as a biodegradable soap and a high quality glycerin will be produced by the reaction of saponification and transesterification.
Hepatic abscess formation in cattle inoculated with Fusobacterium necrophorum. (1984)

Viable cells of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A were inoculated into the ruminal vein of cattle. Two cattle inoculated with more than 4.4×108 viable cells died within 2 days after inoculation. Disseminated necrotic foci were observed in their liver. When 2.8×106 to 1.4×108 viable cells were inoculated into 7 cattle, these cattle manifested no sickness clinically, with the exception of one calf which died. By autopsy, however, hepatic abscesses were recognized in these cattle 9 to 21 days after inoculation. In addition, lung abscesses were also formed in 3 calves of 2 months old. F. necrophorum was recovered from the hepatic abscesses and lung abscesses in viable counts ranging from 106 to 109 per gram. The organism were also isolated from the normal position of the liver, the hepatic lymph node and other organs in some cattle. But the viable counts were lower than those of the abscesses. In two calves, Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from the hepatic abscess and lymph node. On the contrary, no hepatic abscess nor necrotic focus was formed in a calf when 1.2×109 viable cells were inoculated into the jugular vein. The precipitating antibody was demonstrated in all cattle having hepatic abscesses by the immunodiffusion test with the concentrated culture supernatant of F. necrophorum. The maximum antibody titer in the cattle ranged from 16 to 128.