gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathepsin A-like activity is possibly the main acidic carboxypeptidase in human platelets (1997)

Human platelets were investigated for activity of the acidic carboxypeptidases: cathepsin A, lysosomal carboxypeptidase B and prolyl-carboxypeptidase. It was found that the main acidic carboxypeptidase in human platelets had cathepsin A activity. No activity of lysosomal carboxypeptidase B and prolyl-carboxypeptidase in human platelets was detectable using their specific substrates. Human platelet cathepsin A-type enzyme hydrolyzed at the highest rate Cbz-Phe-Ala, Cbz-Phe-Met and Cbz-Phe-Leu, did not require sulfhydryl activator and was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors (DFP, DCI) and inhibitors that react with the SH group (mersalyl acid, PCMS, PCMB, HgCl2). Cbz-Phe-Ala and Cbz-Glu-Tyr were hydrolyzed at a broad pH range with optimum at pH 5.0-6.0. The chromatographic analysis on Con A-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephacel showed different forms of Cbz-Phe-Ala-hydrolyzing enzyme in human platelets. The multiple forms of this enzyme were probably due to heterogeneity of carbohydrate moiety.
Reversed-field-pinch research (1980)

Theoretical and experimental research in the reversed-field pinch (RFP) is reviewed. In this system, Bθ ∼ Bϕ, q < 1 and Bϕ reverses in the outer regions of the plasma; stability at relatively high values of β is possible because there is high shear and, experimentally, confinement with β > 10% has been observed. Following a historical review of pinch research, the basic theoretical properties of the RFP are established including the equilibrium, toroidal displacement, diffusion and confinement; studies of ideal and dissipative MHD stability theory are then described. Experimental and theoretical work on relaxation and self-reversal, the process whereby an RFP distribution can be set up spontaneously and subsequently sustained, is presented and discussed. There follows a general account of RFP experiments. These are divided into 'fast experiments', which utilize small-bore insulating tori in which the distribution is usually set up by fast programming on microsecond timescales, and 'slow experiments', carried out in large metal-walled tori in which the field configuration is set up slowly by self-reversal on millisecond timescales. A brief account of RFP reactor studies and of new and future experiments is then given, followed finally by a general discussion in which the main conclusions are presented.
LY294002 and rapamycin co‐operate to inhibit T‐cell proliferation (2005)

1. T-cell proliferation is critical for mounting an effective adaptive immune response. It is regulated by signals through the T-cell receptor, through co-stimulation and through cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) lies downstream of each of these pathways and has been directly implicated in the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation. 2. In this study, we have shown that PI3K regulates cyclin D2 and cyclin D3, the first cell cycle proteins induced in T-cell proliferation, transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. In T-lymphoblasts, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, prevents the induction of both D-type cyclin mRNA and protein, while rapamycin inhibits the induction of protein. Rapamycin inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which lies downstream of PI3K. 3. Furthermore, our data show that the combination of LY294002 and rapamycin results in a co-operative inhibition of T-cell proliferation. This co-operation occurs in Kit225 cells stimulated with IL-2, and also in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with antibodies to the T-cell receptor in the presence and absence of antibodies to CD28. 4. These data indicate that PI3K regulates T-cell proliferation in response to diverse stimuli, and suggest that combinations of inhibitors, perhaps isoform-selective, may be useful as alternative immunosuppressive therapies.
Cholangitis in children with biliary atresia: Health‐care resource utilisation (2013)

The knowledge about the incidence and cost of cholangitis will allow physicians to counsel parents of children newly diagnosed with biliary atresia and to better prepare them both emotionally and financially for what to expect.
Peridynamic theory for failure prediction in multilayer thin-film structures of electronic packages (2008)

This study presents an application of the peridynamic theory to investigate failure propagation in a multi-layer thin- film structure of electronic packages. A brief description of this non-local theory is presented prior to the statement of the problem. The mathematical description of the theory and its validation by considering a well-known dynamic fracture problem are discussed subsequently. Finally, the crack propagation path in a multilayer thin-film structure predicted by the peridynamic theory was compared against measurements from nanoindentation experiments.
Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates cell migration, invasion, and colony formation as well as tumorigenesis/metastasis of mouse ovarian cancer in immunocompetent mice (2009)

We have already established human xenographic models for the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on tumor metastasis in vivo. The purpose of this work is to establish a preclinical LPA effect model in immunocompetent mice. We first characterized the mouse epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell line ID8 for its responsiveness to LPA in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and compared these properties with those of human EOC. The signaling pathways related to cell migration were further investigated using pharmacologic and genetic approaches. The effects of LPA on the tumorigenesis of ID8 cells and mouse survival were then examined using two different mouse models (i.p. and orthotopic injections). LPA stimulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of mouse EOC ID8 cells in a manner closely resembling its activity in human EOC cells. The signaling pathways involved in LPA-induced cell migration in ID8 cells were also similar to those identified in human EOC cells. We have identified cyclooxygenase-1 and 15-lipoxygenase as two new signaling molecules involved in LPA-induced cell migration in both human and mouse EOC cells. In addition, LPA enhanced the tumorigenesis/metastasis of ID8 cell in vivo as assessed by increased tumor size, early onset of ascites formation, and reduced animal survival. We have established the first LPA-EOC preclinical model in immunocompetent mice. Because ID8 cells respond to LPA similar to human EOC cells, this model is very valuable in developing and testing therapeutic reagents targeting LPA in EOC.
Advances in developing tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(iii) as an anticancer drug: critical appraisal and prospects (2009)

Gallium-based anticancer chemotherapeutics are appreciably progressing in clinical studies. A steady interest of drug developers and clinicians in gallium compounds is due to a proven ability of gallium cations to inhibit tumour growth, on the one hand, and enhanced bioavailability and moderate toxicity provided by the conversion of gallium into chelate complexes, on the other. One of the complexes suitable for a more convenient oral administration is tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(iii) (KP46). Nominated from a range of gallium complexes for the clinical stage of development, KP46 has finished phase I trials with the outcome of promising tolerability and evidence of clinical activity in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, there is obviously a need to codify and critically evaluate the continuing advances in the emergence of KP46 as a lead-drug candidate. Additionally, many questions remain unanswered regarding the relevant biological reactivity, modes of delivery and action and potential cell target(s) of KP46. The timely publication of the present review is also an attempt to shed light on these pertinent drug assets and to accelerate research activities towards further clinical development of KP46.
Solar Blind Photodetectors Enabled by Nanotextured β-Ga2O3 Films Grown via Oxidation of GaAs Substrates (2017)

A simple and inexpensive method for growing Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> using GaAs wafers is demonstrated. Si-doped GaAs wafers are heated to 1050 °C in a horizontal tube furnace in both argon and air ambients in order to convert their surfaces to β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . The β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> films are characterized using scanning electron micrograph, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. They are also used to fabricate solar blind photodetectors. The devices, which had nanotextured surfaces, exhibited a high sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) illumination due in part to large surface areas. Furthermore, the films have coherent interfaces with the substrate, which leads to a robust device with high resistance to thermo-mechanical stress. The photoconductance of the β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> films is found to increase by more than three orders of magnitude under 270 nm ultraviolet illumination with respect to the dark current. The fabricated device shows a responsivity of ~292 mA/W at this wavelength.
Unsupervised Predictive Memory in a Goal-Directed Agent (2018)

Animals execute goal-directed behaviours despite the limited range and scope of their sensors. To cope, they explore environments and store memories maintaining estimates of important information that is not presently available. Recently, progress has been made with artificial intelligence (AI) agents that learn to perform tasks from sensory input, even at a human level, by merging reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with deep neural networks, and the excitement surrounding these results has led to the pursuit of related ideas as explanations of non-human animal learning. However, we demonstrate that contemporary RL algorithms struggle to solve simple tasks when enough information is concealed from the sensors of the agent, a property called "partial observability". An obvious requirement for handling partially observed tasks is access to extensive memory, but we show memory is not enough; it is critical that the right information be stored in the right format. We develop a model, the Memory, RL, and Inference Network (MERLIN), in which memory formation is guided by a process of predictive modeling. MERLIN facilitates the solution of tasks in 3D virtual reality environments for which partial observability is severe and memories must be maintained over long durations. Our model demonstrates a single learning agent architecture that can solve canonical behavioural tasks in psychology and neurobiology without strong simplifying assumptions about the dimensionality of sensory input or the duration of experiences.
High-Density Lipoproteins and Their Constituent, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, Directly Protect the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via the S1P <sub>3</sub> Lysophospholipid Receptor (2006)

Our data demonstrate that HDL and its constituent, S1P, acutely protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo via an S1P3-mediated and NO-dependent pathway. A rapid therapeutic elevation of S1P-containing HDL plasma levels may be beneficial in patients at high risk of acute myocardial ischemia.
Simple Approach for Improved LC–MS Analysis of Protein Biopharmaceuticals via Modification of Desolvation Gas (2019)

LC-MS based analysis of protein biopharmaceuticals could benefit from improved data quality, which can subsequently lead to improved drug characterization with higher confidence and less ambiguity. In this study, we created a simple device to modify the desolvation gas on a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer and to demonstrate the utility in improving both peptide mapping analysis and intact mass analysis, the two most routinely and widely applied LC-MS techniques in protein biopharmaceutical characterization. By modifying the desolvation gas with acid vapor from propionic acid (PA) and isopropanol (IPA), the ion suppression effects from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in a typical peptide mapping method can be effectively mitigated, thus leading to improved MS sensitivity. By modifying the desolvation gas with base vapor from triethylamine (TEA), the charge reduction effect can be achieved and utilized to improve the spectral quality from intact mass analysis of protein biopharmaceuticals. The approach and device described in this work suggests a low-cost and practical solution to improve the LC-MS characterization of protein biopharmaceuticals, which has the potential to be widely implemented in biopharmaceutical analytical laboratories.
Synthesis of Novel 4-Styrylcoumarins from Coumarin-4-acetic Acids (1992)

Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 001 <em>Manuscript received 14 Novembet 1991, revised 27 March 1992, accepted 15 May 1992</em> Synthesis of Novel 4-Styrylcoumarins from Coumarin-4-acetic Acids
Morphological filters--Part II: Their relations to median, order-statistic, and stack filters (1987)

This paper extends the theory of median, order-statistic (OS), and stack filters by using mathematical morphology to analyze them and by relating them to those morphological erosions, dilations, openings, closings, and open-closings that commute with thresholding. The max-min representation of OS filters is introduced by showing that any median or other OS filter is equal to a maximum of erosions (moving local minima) and also to a minimum of dilations (moving local maxima). Thus, OS filters can be computed by a closed formula that involves a max-min on prespecified sets of numbers and no sorting. Stack filters are established as the class of filters that are composed exactly of a finite number of max-min operations. The kernels of median, OS, and stack filters are collections of input signals that uniquely represent these filters due to their translation-invariance. The max-min functional definitions of these nonlinear iliters is shown to be equivalent to a maximum of erosions by minimal (with respect to a signal ordering) kernel elements, and also to a minimum of dilations by minimal kernel elements of dual filters. The representation of stack filters based on their minimal kernel elements is proven to be equivalent to their representation based on irreducible sum-of-products expressions of Boolean functions. It is also shown that median filtering (and its iterations) of any signal by convex 1-D windows is bounded below by openings and above by closings; a signal is a root (fixed point) of the median iff it is a root of both an opening and a closing; the open-closing and clos-opening yield median roots in one pass, suppress impulse noise similarly to the median, can discriminate between positive and negative noise impulses, and are computationally less complex than the median. Some similar results are obtained for 2-D median filtering.
Infrared dichroic study of orientation using ionomers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared dichroic study of orientation using ionomersYue Zhao, C. Geraldine Bazuin, and Robert E. Prud'hommeCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 9, 3788–3793Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00199a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00199a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Background, Evolution, and Current Concerns (2001)

The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom, which began in 1986 and has affected nearly 200,000 cattle, is waning to a conclusion, but leaves in its wake an outbreak of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, most probably resulting from the consumption of beef products contaminated by central nervous system tissue. Although averaging only 10-15 cases a year since its first appearance in 1994, its future magnitude and geographic distribution (in countries that have imported infected British cattle or cattle products, or have endogenous BSE) cannot yet be predicted. The possibility that large numbers of apparently healthy persons might be incubating the disease raises concerns about iatrogenic transmissions through instrumentation (surgery and medical diagnostic procedures) and blood and organ donations. Government agencies in many countries continue to implement new measures to minimize this risk.
Structural and Functional Characterization of a Single-Chain Form of the Recognition Domain of Complement Protein C1q (2016)

Complement C1q is a soluble pattern recognition molecule comprising six heterotrimeric subunits assembled from three polypeptide chains (A-C). Each heterotrimer forms a collagen-like stem prolonged by a globular recognition domain. These recognition domains sense a wide variety of ligands, including pathogens and altered-self components. Ligand recognition is either direct or mediated by immunoglobulins or pentraxins. Multivalent binding of C1q to its targets triggers immune effector mechanisms mediated via its collagen-like stems. The induced immune response includes activation of the classical complement pathway and enhancement of the phagocytosis of the recognized target. We report here, the first production of a single-chain recombinant form of human C1q globular region (C1q-scGR). The three monomers have been linked in tandem to generate a single continuous polypeptide, based on a strategy previously used for adiponectin, a protein structurally related to C1q. The resulting C1q-scGR protein was produced at high yield in stably transfected 293-F mammalian cells. Recombinant C1q-scGR was correctly folded, as demonstrated by its X-ray crystal structure solved at a resolution of 1.35 Å. Its interaction properties were assessed by surface plasmon resonance analysis using the following physiological C1q ligands: the receptor for C1q globular heads, the long pentraxin PTX3, calreticulin, and heparin. The 3D structure and the binding properties of C1q-scGR were similar to those of the three-chain fragment generated by collagenase digestion of serum-derived C1q. Comparison of the interaction properties of the fragments with those of native C1q provided insights into the avidity component associated with the hexameric assembly of C1q. The interest of this functional recombinant form of the recognition domains of C1q in basic research and its potential biomedical applications are discussed.
A fast coefficient computation algorithm for transversal and decision‐feedback equalizers (1991)

Abstract Digital transmission is often inflicted by inter‐symbol interference (ISI), which increases the noise sensitivity of the transmission system and eventually causes symbol detection errors on itself. For ISI suppression, a variety of equalizer structures exists, among which transversal and decision‐feedback equalizers are very popular because of their simple primary structure and high degree of flexibility. The paper describes a fast coefficient computation algorithm for these equalizer types starting from a known or estimated channel impulse response, avoiding matrix inversion or iterative coefficient updates by feedback. It has especially been developed for high‐rate TDMA digital mobile radio systems, such as the pan‐European GSM system. Extensive simulations have shown that the performance of the decision‐feedback equalizer (DFE) with this algorithm is fairly comparable with the MLSE/Viterbi equalizer under typical conditions.
Activation of Cortical and Subcortical Auditory Structures at 3 T by Means of a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paradigm Suitable for Clinical Use (2006)

Activation of both the cortical and subcortical auditory structures can be visualized by means of an appropriate fMRI setup at 3 T. This paradigm can easily be used in patients with tumors and/or hearing disorders.
An end-to-end voting-system based on bitcoin (2017)

In this work we re-adapt the Bitcoin e-payment system and propose it as a decentralised end-to-end voting platform (from voters to candidates). We describe the main architectural choices behind the implementation, which consists of the pre-voting, voting, and post-voting phases. The resulting implementation is completely decentralised: it is possible to directly cast a vote in the block-chain without any collecting intermediate-level. All the votes can be verified by anyone reading such a public ledger. We also exploit digital asset coins to directly keep track of votes (through the Open Asset Protocol), and we show the election cost for n voters.
Prothrombinase complexes with different physiological roles (2009)

The work reported by Kwong et al and Bos et al provide important mechanistic data that assist in explaining why such proteins with similar catalytic activity have evolved to perform quite different physiological functions. The focus here is the prothrombinase, the FXa-FVa complex, which functions in the blood to respond to injury and minimise bleeding. This functional role is highly conserved in a variety of species including snakes. In snakes a closely related prothrombinase complex has been recruited into the venom gland as a toxin to assist in immobilising prey by inducing a massive thrombotic event such as a disseminated intravascular coagulation. This evolution has been achieved by distinct processes for FXa- and FVa-like proteins.The capacity of both venom factors to associate with members of the mammalian prothrombin activator provides the potential for the development of novel therapeutics capable of preventing blood loss both topically and when administered intraveneously.© 2009 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart
Putin’s russia (2016)

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses reports published within the issue on topics including how Russian politics works under Vladimir Putin, the foreign policies of Putin in the post-Cold War era, and Russia's economy and military.