gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular chaperones in the life cycle of proteins : structure, function, and mode of action (1998)

Folding of monomeric proteins In Vitro: physicochemical and biological roles of the intermediate states oligomeric proteins chaperon interactions with nascent and newly synthesized proteins structure and properties of the 70-kilodalton heat-shock proteins the Hsp70 reaction cycle and its role in protein folding substrate-binding specification of the Hsp70 family major heat-shock chaperons in protein folding and inclusion body formation structure and function of the 90-kDa stress
Toward Understanding the Assembly and Structure of K<sub>ATP</sub>Channels (1998)

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple metabolic events to membrane electrical activity in a variety of cell types. The cloning and reconstitution of the subunits of these channels demonstrate they are heteromultimers of inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits (KIR6.x) and sulfonylurea receptors (SUR), members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Recent studies indicate that SUR and KIR6.x associate with 1:1 stoichiometry to assemble a large tetrameric channel, (SUR/KIR6.x)4. The KIR6.x subunits form the channel pore, whereas SUR is required for activation and regulation. Two KIR6.x genes and two SUR genes have been identified, and combinations of subunits give rise to KATP channel subtypes found in pancreatic beta-cells, neurons, and cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Mutations in both the SUR1 and KIR6.2 genes have been shown to cause familial hyperinsulinism, indicating the importance of the pancreatic beta-cell channel in the regulation of insulin secretion. The availability of cloned KATP channel genes opens the way for characterization of this family of ion channels and identification of additional genetic defects.
Action of vitamin E as antioxidant in phospholipid liposomal membranes as studied by spin label technique. (1988)

The action of alpha-tocopherol in the phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes was studied by spin label technique in order to elucidate the role of vitamin E in the membranes. The fluidity of the liposomal membranes decreased with increasing concentrations of saturated phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol. However, the physical effect of alpha-tocopherol was quite small at its physiological concentrations. The effects of structure of various kinds of chromanols on the membrane fluidity were studied. The fluidity of the liposomal membranes decreased with increasing length of the side chain at 2-position of 6-chromanols. This effect was smaller when the side chain at the 2-position did not possess branched methyl group. The effect of tocopherols on the membrane fluidity was larger in the inner part of the membranes. Ascorbic acid residing in the aqueous phase interacted with the nitroxide spin probe incorporated into the membranes and the rate was smaller as the nitroxide group was buried deeper in the phospholipid bilayer. The spin probes incorporated into liposomal membranes were consumed as the oxidation proceeded. alpha-Tocopherol suppressed both the oxidation of membranes and the decrease of spin probe, but when alpha-tocopherol was depleted, the spin probe decreased and the membranes became more rigid as the oxidation proceeded.
Rigorous Photogrammetric Processing of HiRISE Stereo Imagery for Mars Topographic Mapping (2011)

High-resolution (submeter) orbital imagers have opened up new possibilities for Mars topographic mapping with unprecedented precision. While the typical sensor model for Martian orbiters has been the linear-array charge-coupled device (CCD), the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument is based on a more complicated structure involving a combination of 14 separate linear-array CCDs. To take full advantage of this high-resolution capability without compromising imaging geometry, we have developed a rigorous photogrammetric model for HiRISE stereo image processing in which third-order polynomials are used to model the change in exterior-orientation parameters over time. A coarse-to-fine hierarchical matching approach was developed, and its performance was evaluated based on manually matched image points and manually measured features for a test area at the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landing site. Using automatically selected tie points, we performed bundle adjustment (BA) to improve the accuracy of image pointing data and remove or reduce inconsistencies between the stereo pair and inconsistencies between overlapping CCDs in the same image mosaic. A method for the incorporation of jitter terms into the BA was developed and proved to be effective. We created a 1-m-resolution digital elevation model and an orthophoto using this methodology and compared them with topographic products from the U.S. Geological Survey.
Animal models of neoplastic development. (2001)

The basic animal model for neoplastic development used by regulatory agencies is the two-year chronic bioassay developed more than 30 years ago and based on the presumed mechanism of action of a few potential chemical carcinogens. Since that time, a variety of other model carcinogenic systems have been developed, usually involving shorter duration, single organ endpoints, multistage models, and those in genetically-engineered mice. The chronic bioassay is still the "gold standard" of regulatory agencies despite a number of deficiencies, while in this country the use of shorter term assays based on single organ endpoints has not been popular. The multistage model of carcinogenesis in mouse epidermis actually preceded the development of the chronic two-year bioassay, but it was not until multistage models in other organ systems were developed that the usefulness of such systems became apparent. Recently, several genetically-engineered mouse lines involving mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes have been proposed as additional model systems for use in regulatory decisions. It is likely that a combination of several of these model systems may be most useful in both practical and basic applications of cancer prevention and therapy.
Ligand-induced changes in 2-aminopurine fluorescence as a probe for small molecule binding to HIV-1 TAR RNA (2004)

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regulated in part through an interaction between the virally encoded trans-activator protein Tat and the trans-activator responsive region (TAR) of the viral RNA genome. Because TAR is highly conserved and its interaction with Tat is required for efficient viral replication, it has received much attention as an antiviral drug target. Here, we report a 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence-based assay for evaluating potential TAR inhibitors. Through selective incorporation of 2-AP within the bulge (C23 or U24) of a truncated form of the TAR sequence (delta TAR-ap23 and delta TAR-ap24), binding of argininamide, a 24-residue arginine-rich peptide derived from Tat, and Neomycin has been characterized using steady-state fluorescence. Binding of argininamide to the 2-AP deltaTAR constructs results in a four- to 11-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, thus providing a sensitive reporter of that interaction (KD approximately 1 mM). Similarly, binding of the Tat peptide results in an initial 14-fold increase in fluorescence (KD approximately 25 nM), but is then followed by a slight decrease that is attributed to an additional, lower-affinity association(s). Using the deltaTAR-ap23 and TAR-ap24 constructs, two classes of Neomycin binding sites are detected; the first molecule of antibiotic binds as a noncompetitive inhibitor of Tat/argininamide (KD approximately 200 nM), whereas the second, more weakly bound molecule(s) becomes associated in a presumably nonspecific manner (KD approximately 4 microM). Taken together, the results demonstrate that the 2-AP fluorescence-detected binding assays provide accurate and general methods for quantitatively assessing TAR interactions.
Netrin-1–α3β1 integrin interactions regulate the migration of interneurons through the cortical marginal zone (2009)

Cortical GABAergic interneurons, most of which originate in the ganglionic eminences, take distinct tangential migratory trajectories into the developing cerebral cortex. However, the ligand-receptor systems that modulate the tangential migration of distinct groups of interneurons into the emerging cerebral wall remain unclear. Here, we show that netrin-1, a diffusible guidance cue expressed along the migratory routes traversed by GABAergic interneurons, interacts with alpha3beta1 integrin to promote interneuronal migration. In vivo analysis of interneuron-specific alpha3beta1 integrin, netrin-1-deficient mice (alpha3(lox/-)Dlx5/6-CIE, netrin-1(-/-)) reveals specific deficits in the patterns of interneuronal migration along the top of the developing cortical plate, resulting in aberrant interneuronal positioning throughout the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of conditional alpha3(lox/-)Dlx5/6-CIE, netrin-1(-/-) mice. These results indicate that specific guidance mechanisms, such as netrin-1-alpha3beta1 integrin interactions, modulate distinct routes of interneuronal migration and the consequent positioning of groups of cortical interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
Human melanopsin forms a pigment maximally sensitive to blue light ( <i>λ</i> <sub>max</sub> ≈ 479 nm) supporting activation of G <sub>q</sub> <sub>/11</sub> and G <sub>i/o</sub> signalling cascades (2013)

A subset of mammalian retinal ganglion cells expresses an opsin photopigment (melanopsin, Opn4) and is intrinsically photosensitive. The human retina contains melanopsin, but the literature lacks a direct investigation of its spectral sensitivity or G-protein selectivity. Here, we address this deficit by studying physiological responses driven by human melanopsin under heterologous expression in HEK293 cells. Luminescent reporters for common second messenger systems revealed that light induces a high amplitude increase in intracellular calcium and a modest reduction in cAMP in cells expressing human melanopsin, implying that this pigment is able to drive responses via both Gq and Gi/o class G-proteins. Melanopsins from mouse and amphioxus had a similar profile of G-protein coupling in HEK293 cells, but chicken Opn4m and Opn4x pigments exhibited some Gs activity in addition to a strong Gq/11 response. An action spectrum for the calcium response in cells expressing human melanopsin had the predicted form for an opsin : vitamin A1 pigment and peaked at 479 nm. The G-protein selectivity and spectral sensitivity of human melanopsin is similar to that previously described for rodents, supporting the utility of such laboratory animals for developing methods of manipulating this system using light or pharmacological agents.
Histopathogenesis of 7,12-diemthylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. (1977)

The histopathogenesis and growth behavior of mammary tumors and dysplasias induced by a single intragastric dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in 50-day-old virgin female Lewis rats were examined both in situ and after transplantation into gland-free mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. Terminal mammary ductules are indicated as a site of origin of both ovarian hormone-dependent mammary tumors and spontaneously gegressing mammary tumors, and terminal ductule hyperplasia appears to be an early stage in mammary tumor formation. The precancerous nature of hyperplastic alveolar nodules induced by dimethylbenzanthracene in rats has been further examined, and our studies indicate that these nodules are not significantly preneoplastic.
Lumican and decorin are differentially expressed in human breast carcinoma (2000)

Previous studies have shown that lumican is expressed and increased in the stroma of breast tumours. Lumican expression has now been examined relative to other members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family in normal and neoplastic breast tissues, to begin to determine its role in breast tumour progression. Western blot study showed that lumican protein is highly abundant relative to decorin, while biglycan and fibromodulin are only detected occasionally in breast tissues (n=15 cases). Further analysis of lumican and decorin expression performed in matched normal and tumour tissues by in situ hybridization showed that both mRNAs were expressed by similar fibroblast-like cells adjacent to epithelium. However, lumican mRNA expression was significantly increased in tumours (n=34, p<0.0001), while decorin mRNA was decreased (p=0.0002) in neoplastic relative to adjacent normal stroma. This was accompanied by a significant increase in lumican protein (n=12, p=0.0122), but not decorin. Further evidence of altered lumican expression in breast cancer was manifested by discordance between lumican mRNA and protein localization in some regions of tumours but not in adjacent morphologically normal tissues. It is concluded that lumican is the most abundant of these proteoglycans in breast tumours and that lumican and decorin are inversely regulated in association with breast tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Mitral Valve Leaflet Morphology After Mitral Valve Reconstruction with a Concept "Coaptation Length Index" (2005)

Abstract Background: In clinical settings, information on morphology of mitral valve leaflet after mitral valve reconstruction is limited. Methods: Between January 1996 and June 2000, 36 patients underwent mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation (MR). The etiology of mitral insufficiency was prolapse, dilated annulus, and ischemia. Ring annuloplasty was performed in all cases. Mitral valve short-axis dimension (MVd), vertical distance between annular line and closing point (Vd), coaptation length (CL), and coaptation length index (CLI) were measured by two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for the present 11 cases. Results: In 11 cases, residual MR, using a scale from 0 to 4, was 0 in 5 patients, 1 in 4 patients, 2 in 2 patients whose etiology of regurgitation was cardiomyopathy. MVd and Vd decreased significantly (38.7± 6.2 to 27.0 ± 5.6 mm, 10.1 ± 7.7 to 6.5 ± 4.6 mm, respectively). CL and CLI increased significantly (6.4 ± 2.4 to 11.6 ± 4.6 mm, 0.16 ± 0.06 to 0.44 ± 0.21, respectively). Among those indicies, only CLI has a statistically significant negative correlation with the degree of residual MR. Conclusion: Mitral valve ring annuloplasty produces the morphologic change of the mitral apparatus, especially increase of CLI, which may be one of the main factors in regulation of regurgitation.
Chiral separation by enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction (2010)

The literature on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction (ELLE) spans more than half a century of research. Nonetheless, a comprehensive overview has not appeared during the past few decades. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is a technology of interest for a wide range of chemists and chemical engineers in the fields of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances and foods. In this review the principles and advances of resolution through enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction are discussed, starting with an introduction on the principles of enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction including host-guest chemistry, extraction and phase transfer mechanisms, and multistage liquid-liquid extraction processing. Then the literature on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction systems is reviewed, structured on extractant classes. The following extractant classes are considered: crown ether based extractants, metal complexes and metalloids, extractants based on tartrates, and a final section with all other types of chiral extractants.
High-performance sub-0.08 μm CMOS with dual gate oxide and 9.7 ps inverter delay (2002)

We report a high-performance CMOS operating at 1.5 V with 11.9 ps nominal inverter delay at 0.06/0.08/spl mu/m L/sub eff/ for NMOS and PMOS. Both NMOS and PMOS devices, with 3.6 nm inversion T/sub ox/, have the best current drive reported to date at fixed I/sub off/. Low-Vt NMOS/PMOS achieved with compensation and with no degradation in short-channel behavior result in nominal 9.7 ps inverter delay. These devices are incorporated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m technology that offers a 4.2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ SRAM cell and dual gate oxide for interfacing to 2.5 V.
Distinct eye movement patterns enhance dynamic visual acuity (2017)

Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is the ability to resolve fine spatial detail in dynamic objects during head fixation, or in static objects during head or body rotation. This ability is important for many activities such as ball sports, and a close relation has been shown between DVA and sports expertise. DVA tasks involve eye movements, yet, it is unclear which aspects of eye movements contribute to successful performance. Here we examined the relation between DVA and the kinematics of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements in a cohort of 23 varsity baseball players. In a computerized dynamic-object DVA test, observers reported the location of the gap in a small Landolt-C ring moving at various speeds while eye movements were recorded. Smooth pursuit kinematics-eye latency, acceleration, velocity gain, position error-and the direction and amplitude of saccadic eye movements were linked to perceptual performance. Results reveal that distinct eye movement patterns-minimizing eye position error, tracking smoothly, and inhibiting reverse saccades-were related to dynamic visual acuity. The close link between eye movement quality and DVA performance has important implications for the development of perceptual training programs to improve DVA.
Automated microsoft office macro malware detection using machine learning (2017)

Macro malware in Microsoft (MS) Office files has long persisted as a cybersecurity threat. Though it ebbed after its initial rampages around the turn of the century, it has reemerged as threat. Attackers are taking a persuasive approach and using document engineering, aided by improved data mining methods, to make MS Office file malware appear legitimate. Recent attacks have targeted specific corporations with malicious documents containing unusually relevant information. This development undermines the ability of users to distinguish between malicious and legitimate MS Office files and intensifies the need for automating macro malware detection. This study proposes a method of classifying MS Office files containing macros as malicious or benign using the K-Nearest Neighbors machine learning algorithm, feature selection, and TFIDF where p-code opcode n-grams (translated VBA macro code) compose the file features. This study achieves a 96.3% file classification accuracy on a sample set of 40 malicious and 118 benign MS Office files containing macros, and it demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach as a potential defense against macro malware. Finally, it discusses the challenges automated macro malware detection faces and possible solutions.
Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of intramolecular aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation by titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV) metal centers (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic and mechanistic aspects of intramolecular aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bond activation by titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV) metal centersStanley L. Latesky, Anne K. McMullen, Ian P. Rothwell, and John C. HuffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 21, 5981–5987Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00307a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views541Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Does the Size of the Stitch Length Affect Surgical Site Infection? (2013)

McLeod, Robin S. MD, FACS; Brenneman, Fred D. MD, FACS; Rotstein, Ori D. MD, FACS; Bhanot, Parag MD, FACS Members of the Evidence-Based Reviews in Surgery Group
Formation of carboxylate complexes from the reactions of carbon dioxide with ethylene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of carboxylate complexes from the reactions of carbon dioxide with ethylene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. X-ray and neutron diffraction studiesRafael Alvarez, Ernesto Carmona, Agustin Galindo, Enrique Gutierrez, Jose M. Marin, Angeles Monge, Manuel L. Poveda, Caridad Ruiz, and Jean M. SavariaultCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 10, 2430–2439Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00112a026https://doi.org/10.1021/om00112a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views649Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Seismic Behavior of a Six-Story Precast Concrete Office Building (1996)

The work described in this paper was undertaken to demonstrate that precast concrete systems can be practically designed to resist earthquakes, to identify areas where code provisions for seismic design need to be re-evaluated to specifically address the intrinsic characteristics of precast concrete, and to recommend improvements to these areas. The research focuses on a six-story precast concrete office building with a size and layout common in the United States. The system consists of an interior gravity load-resisting frame and a dual system for lateral load resistance consisting of interior shear walls and exterior spandrel frames. A testing program comprising panel-to-panel and beam-to-column connection tests was conducted, and an inelastic dynamic analysis of the lateral load-resisting system was performed. The study shows that the seismic performance of precast systems in resisting seismic loads can be as good as or better than that of cast-in-place systems.