gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of essential oils in SiO<sub>2</sub>microcapsules and release behaviour of volatile compounds (2014)

Natural substances derived from plants such as essential oils (EOs) are used in a variety of applications such as in the release of fragrances or active substances in cosmetics, in food industries to protect sensitive ingredients against oxidative processes and as antimicrobial agents. However, the labile and volatile nature of EOs reduces their activity during application or storage. Here, the microencapsulation of EOs in silica capsules was investigated as a mean to control the fast release of their volatile constituents. The preparation of silica capsules with oil cores was obtained by employing a sol-gel method to oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) multiple emulsions. The volatile release from the SiO2 capsules was investigated by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC-ToFMS). This research demonstrates that the SiO2 capsules have selectively encapsulated the different volatile species and the corresponding release profiles depend on the chemical properties of each component.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Colloidal‐Copper Based Low Overpotential Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst (2019)

Abstract Water oxidation catalysis is gaining more attention in recent times owing to its potential for solar and chemical energy conversion and for green fuel generation. The overwhelming hurdle in this quest is to develop a noble‐metal‐free, efficient, low overpotential water oxidation electrocatalyst exhibiting tremendous stability and to be obtained from earth‐abundant materials. We show here unique copper‐based water oxidation electrocatalyst derived from thin film Cu‐colloidal nanoparticles and is highly efficient, robust for water oxidation. The catalyst advantageously exhibits nanobeads and nanorods type mixed morphological features with narrow size distribution. The onset for oxygen evolution reaction occurs at a small potential of 1.45 V RHE (η=220 mV) which is the lowest observed relative to other copper‐based materials. The catalyst also maintains remarkable stability during long‐term water electrolysis experiments. Moreover, the catalyst shown to exhibit a high electroactive area with a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec 1−, high TOF of 0.81 s 1− and mass activity of 87 mA mg −1 . Copper is an interesting material because it can also serve as CO 2 reduction catalysts at the cathode side. The straightforwardly prepared, handy, and inexpensive Cu‐based electrocatalytic system is a flexible catalyst for electrooxidation of water and for chemical energy conversion and is an attractive alternative to Pt, Ir, and Ru based electrocatalysts obtained from expensive resources and tedious methods.
Relation between conductivity and transmission matrix (1981)

The dc conductance $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ of a finite system with static disorder is related to its transmission matrix $t$ by the simple relation $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(\frac{{e}^{2}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\hbar}}) \mathrm{Tr}({t}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}t)$. This relation is derived from the Kubo formula and is valid for any number of scattering channels with or without time-reversal symmetry. Differences between various definitions of the conductance of a finite system are discussed.
Intracellular control of human neutrophil secretion. I. C5a-induced stimulus-specific desensitization and the effects of cytochalasin B. (1978)

Human neutrophils released the granule constituents myeloperoxidase and lysozyme, but not the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase, when pretreated with cytochalasin B and stimulated with purified human C5a. Prior exposure to C5a before the cytochalasin B, however, abrogated the subsequent secretory process. Interaction of neutrophils with C5a was shown to result in a concentration-dependent rapid desensitization that could not be overcome by later addition of cytochalasin B or of cytochalasin B and C5a. The effect was relatively stimulus specific in that neutrophils desensitized in this manner could be induced to release granule enzymes by casein or by complement-coated zymosan particles. Cytochalasin B effects on neutrophils appear to mimic those of surface binding of soluble stimuli such as C5a and immune complexes. It is suggested that desensitization in concert with surface stimulation may represent an important intracellular mechanism for limiting neutrophil secretion.
Introduction (1988)

In what ways has the Japanese emperor system been affected by the Second World War? What elements of change and continuity can be seen? To abolish the emperor system or to preserve and use it for the democratisation of Japan, to try the emperor as a war criminal or not, to force Hirohito to abdicate or not — these questions, debated vigorously by the Allied Powers, did not emerge only with the defeat and occupation of Japan. Around 1943, Allied officials, diplomats, opinion leaders and Japan 'experts' began to discuss these issues. Nearly everyone who thought about the problem of bringing democracy to Japan felt that the emperor or the emperor system was of central importance. But different ways of understanding the emperor system gave rise to conflicting policies as to how the emperor should be treated after the war. Why did these people have such different views on the nature of the Japanese emperor system?KeywordsJapanese PeopleDual ImageEnglish ConstitutionEfficient PartMeiji GovernmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Enhanced Channel Estimation for Comb-type Pilot-aided OFDM systems (2006)

In this paper, when a timing offset occurs within a cyclic prefix, we describe a linear interpolation with phase compensation for preventing a performance degradation due to the timing offset in the comb-type pilot-aided OFDM systems. With the performance analysis, the phase value which is needed for the phase compensation is derived. By means of the simulation results, we show that the channel estimation is accurate, using the phase compensation with optimal phase value.
Heterologous expression of <i>AtPAP2</i> in transgenic potato influences carbon metabolism and tuber development (2014)

Changes in carbon flow and sink/source activities can affect floral, architectural, and reproductive traits of plants. In potato, overexpression (OE) of the purple acid phosphatase 2 of Arabidopsis (AtPAP2) resulted in earlier flowering, faster growth rate, increased tubers and tuber starch content, and higher photosynthesis rate. There was a significant change in sucrose, glucose and fructose levels in leaves, phloem and sink biomass of the OE lines, consistent with an increased expression of sucrose transporter 1 (StSUT1). Furthermore, the expression levels and enzyme activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) were also significantly increased in the OE lines. These findings strongly suggest that higher carbon supply from the source and improved sink strength can improve potato tuber yield.
Oxyfluoride vitroceramics material and up-conversion luminescence enhancement of Er<sup>3+</sup>ion (2000)

Er<SUP>3+</SUP> ion is such a kind of rare earth ions that has most splendid upconversion luminous phenomenon. It is very significant also to find some new mechanism, method and material to enhance the upconversion efficiency. This paper investigates the material and luminescence property of ErYb codoped oxyfluoride vitroceramics. In out experiment device, Optical Measurement could be proceeded very precisely, sensitively and nondestructively. Our research finds that oxyfluoride vitroceramics has good luminous property. The rare earth ions, which are within a same micro-crystallite, are easy to consist of couple-group. The intense cluster effects have emerged. It results in that the Er<SUP>3+</SUP> ion's upconversion luminescence in oxyfluoride vitroceramics is ten times greater than that in oxyfluoride glass and ZBLAN fluoride glass.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Alkaline Serine Protease from <i>Caesalpinia bonducella</i> (2010)

A high molecular weight serine protease has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. (Caesalpiniaceae) by the combination of size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. About 524 fold purification was achieved with an overall recovery of 6.8%. The specific activity was found to be 86 U/mg/min at pH 8.0. The calculated K(m) and V(max) were 1.66 mg/mL and 496.68 units/min per mg of protein, respectively. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 63 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 8.0 and exhibited its highest activity at 40 degrees C. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by 2mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggesting the presence of a serine residue at the active site. PMSF showed a pure competitive type of inhibition with the serine protease enzyme. It was observed that enzyme activity was enhanced in the presence of dications and was active against a variety of modified substrates and natural proteins.
A chemical approach to unraveling the biological function of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (2007)

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a C-terminal posttranslational modification found on many eukaryotic proteins that reside in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. The complex and diverse structures of GPI anchors suggest a rich spectrum of biological functions, but few have been confirmed experimentally because of the lack of appropriate techniques that allow for structural perturbation in a cellular context. We previously synthesized a series of GPI anchor analogs with systematic deletions within the glycan core and coupled them to the GFP by a combination of expressed protein ligation and native chemical ligation [Paulick MG, Wise AR, Forstner MB, Groves JT, Bertozzi CR (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:11543-11550]. Here we investigate the behavior of these GPI-protein analogs in living cells. These modified proteins integrated into the plasma membranes of a variety of mammalian cells and were internalized and directed to recycling endosomes similarly to GFP bearing a native GPI anchor. The GPI-protein analogs also diffused freely in cellular membranes. However, changes in the glycan structure significantly affected membrane mobility, with the loss of monosaccharide units correlating to decreased diffusion. Thus, this cellular system provides a platform for dissecting the contributions of various GPI anchor components to their biological function.
Large scale time characterization and analysis of PBTI in HfO2/metal gate stacks (2006)

International audience
West Nile Virus 5′-Cap Structure Is Formed by Sequential Guanine N-7 and Ribose 2′-O Methylations by Nonstructural Protein 5 (2006)

Many flaviviruses are globally important human pathogens. Their plus-strand RNA genome contains a 5'-cap structure that is methylated at the guanine N-7 and the ribose 2'-OH positions of the first transcribed nucleotide, adenine (m(7)GpppAm). Using West Nile virus (WNV), we demonstrate, for the first time, that the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) mediates both guanine N-7 and ribose 2'-O methylations and therefore is essential for flavivirus 5'-cap formation. We show that a recombinant full-length and a truncated NS5 protein containing the methyltransferase (MTase) domain methylates GpppA-capped and m(7)GpppA-capped RNAs to m(7)GpppAm-RNA, using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor. Furthermore, methylation of GpppA-capped RNA sequentially yielded m(7)GpppA- and m(7)GpppAm-RNA products, indicating that guanine N-7 precedes ribose 2'-O methylation. Mutagenesis of a K(61)-D(146)-K(182)-E(218) tetrad conserved in other cellular and viral MTases suggests that NS5 requires distinct amino acids for its N-7 and 2'-O MTase activities. The entire K(61)-D(146)-K(182)-E(218) motif is essential for 2'-O MTase activity, whereas N-7 MTase activity requires only D(146). The other three amino acids facilitate, but are not essential for, guanine N-7 methylation. Amino acid substitutions within the K(61)-D(146)-K(182)-E(218) motif in a WNV luciferase-reporting replicon significantly reduced or abolished viral replication in cells. Additionally, the mutant MTase-mediated replication defect could not be trans complemented by a wild-type replicase complex. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the flavivirus MTase in viral reproduction and underscore this domain as a potential target for antiviral therapy.
Molecular cloning of a cellulase gene from Bacillus subtilis and its expression in Escherichia coli. (1986)

The gene for an endolytic cellulase of Bacillus subtilis was cloned on pBD64 in B. subtilis. The recombinant plasmid, pBC5, contained a 4.8-kb fragment derived from the B. subtilis chromosome, and the transformant overproduced the extracellular enzyme. The inserted fragment was subcloned on pBR322 and the recombinant plasmid, pBRC5, was introduced into Escherichia coli JM105. The E. coli transformant produced the enzyme in both the periplasmic space of cells and the cultural broth.
In vivo multi-modality photoacoustic and pulse echo tracking of prostate tumor growth using a window chamber (2010)

Understanding the tumor microenvironment is critical to characterizing how cancers operate and predicting how they will eventually respond to treatment. The mouse window chamber model is an excellent tool for cancer research, because it enables high resolution tumor imaging and cross-validation using multiple modalities. We describe a novel multimodality imaging system that incorporates three dimensional (3D) photoacoustics with pulse echo ultrasound for imaging the tumor microenvironment and tracking tissue growth in mice. Three mice were implanted with a dorsal skin flap window chamber. PC-3 prostate tumor cells, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), were injected into the skin. The ensuing tumor invasion was mapped using photoacoustic and pulse echo imaging, as well as optical and fluorescent imaging for comparison and cross validation. The photoacoustic imaging and spectroscopy system, consisting of a tunable (680-1000nm) pulsed laser and 25 MHz ultrasound transducer, revealed near infrared absorbing regions, primarily blood vessels. Pulse echo images, obtained simultaneously, provided details of the tumor microstructure and growth with 100-μm3 resolution. The tumor size in all three mice increased between three and five fold during 3+ weeks of imaging. Results were consistent with the optical and fluorescent images. Photoacoustic imaging revealed detailed maps of the tumor vasculature, whereas photoacoustic spectroscopy identified regions of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood vessels. The 3D photoacoustic and pulse echo imaging system provided complementary information to track the tumor microenvironment, evaluate new cancer therapies, and develop molecular imaging agents in vivo. Finally, these safe and noninvasive techniques are potentially applicable for human cancer imaging.
Dead-Time Compensation of Inverters Considering Snubber and Parasitic Capacitance (2013)

In power electronics drive systems, dead time is used to prevent shoot-through over power devices. However, dead time can lead to distortion of ac output voltages and currents. Various compensation methods have been proposed to overcome this drawback. However, most strategies assume the power switches as ideal switches and the transition from ON to OFF or vice versa is infinitely fast. In this paper, effects of inverter snubber and parasitic capacitance to the switching instants are investigated when doing dead-time compensation. A new dead-time compensation method is presented with the capacitance being considered. It is verified that the compensation becomes more accurate and effective for the specific application after the modification. It is also shown that the proposed compensation can make the inverter system stable and robust. This proposed approach is validated by the experimental results.
Community cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis: the CAMERA resource (2010)

The Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis (CAMERA, http://camera.calit2.net/) is a database and associated computational infrastructure that provides a single system for depositing, locating, analyzing, visualizing and sharing data about microbial biology through an advanced web-based analysis portal. CAMERA collects and links metadata relevant to environmental metagenome data sets with annotation in a semantically-aware environment allowing users to write expressive semantic queries against the database. To meet the needs of the research community, users are able to query metadata categories such as habitat, sample type, time, location and other environmental physicochemical parameters. CAMERA is compliant with the standards promulgated by the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC), and sustains a role within the GSC in extending standards for content and format of the metagenomic data and metadata and its submission to the CAMERA repository. To ensure wide, ready access to data and annotation, CAMERA also provides data submission tools to allow researchers to share and forward data to other metagenomics sites and community data archives such as GenBank. It has multiple interfaces for easy submission of large or complex data sets, and supports pre-registration of samples for sequencing. CAMERA integrates a growing list of tools and viewers for querying, analyzing, annotating and comparing metagenome and genome data.
Engineering Design of a Voloxidizer with a Double Reactor for the Hull Separation of Spent Nuclear Fuel Rods (2017)

A voloxidizer with a double reactor capable of processing several tens of kilograms of HM/batch of nuclear spent fuel has been developed for the decladding and voloxidation of rod-cuts into hulls and pellets through the conversion of UO 2 pellets to U 3 O 8 powder. In this study, we optimized the engineering design of this voloxidizer to improve its hull-recovery ratio. First, we tested the oxidation performance of the device prototype and evaluated the effectiveness of various mechanical and chemical voloxidizing methods. On the basis of the results, we selected the screw-and-rotation method for the double rotary drum. Next, we derived a theoretical equation for calculating the optimal reactor volume for various rod-cut weights and lengths and then validated the equation using centimeter-scale acryl reactors and hulls. Subsequently, we modularized the main components such as the heater, utility, motor, reactor, valve, and structure. The double reactor was subject to preliminary separation tests of hulls and powder. Moreover, the hull-separation performance of the voloxidizer reactor was tested at a loading of 50 kg HM/batch. Finally, the remote assembling and disassembling possibility of the modules were experimentally optimized.
Microsatellite markers in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L.) (1997)

Microsatellite markers of the poly (CA) type in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) are described. Clones containing a (CA) repeat were isolated from a common carp genomic library and sequenced. The number of repeats found was high compared to mammals but comparable with other teleost fishes. Classification of the repeats (perfect, imperfect and compound) are compared with the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). A total of 41 primer sets were designed and tested for polymorphism on a test panel of eight animals (derived from outbred lines, inbred lines and gynogenetic clones). Thirty‐two markers were found to be polymorphic. The heterozygosity in the outbred animals was 60·4%, 51·1% in the inbred animals and 0% in the gynogenetic clones. The average number of alleles among the eight animals was 4·7 per marker. Six markers (18·8%) gave an additional polymorphic amplification product besides the polymorphic amplification product in the expected size range. The possibility that these loci are tetraploid is discussed. The polymorphic loci described for common carp will be valuable as genetic markers for use in population, breeding, and evolutionary studies.
Identification of pyridoxine 3-sulfate, pyridoxal 3-sulfate, and N-methylpyridoxine as major urinary metabolites of vitamin B6 in domestic cats. (1987)

Preliminary studies of vitamin B6 metabolism in three adult domestic cats detected very little pyridoxic acid in the urine. At oral doses of 49 to 490 mumol of [14C]pyridoxine hydrochloride, 50% of the excreted dose occurred as pyridoxine 3-sulfate and 25% as N-methylpyridoxine. The identity of these two metabolites was confirmed by isolation from urine and comparison with known compounds. A third compound was identified as pyridoxal 3-sulfate on the basis of chromatographic behavior and fluorescent properties before and after hydrolysis. At pyridoxine intakes of 0.97 mumol/day, the concentration of pyridoxal 3-sulfate in the urine sometimes exceeded the concentration of pyridoxine 3-sulfate. Pyridoxic acid remained a minor urinary metabolite at pyridoxine intakes ranging from 0.97 to 490 mumol/day. Although sulfation of phenol groups and methylation of the ring nitrogen are well-known detoxication reactions, this appears to be the first time such reactions have been observed in normal metabolism of vitamin B6. These observations provide further evidence of the diversity of vitamin B6 metabolism between species. While such diversity complicates the extrapolation of data from animal studies to humans, it does provide a variety of models for examining the influences of various factors on vitamin B6 metabolism.
SiO<sub>2</sub> Tapered Etching Employing Magnetron Discharge of Fluorocarbon Gas (1992)

SiO 2 tapered etching has been studied with special emphasis on the substrate temperature. A tapered etching profile was formed accompanying a polymer deposition on the side wall, and a high etching rate was obtained by lowering the substrate temperature. The polymer film deposited on the side wall was easily removed together with photoresist by O 2 plasma ashing to yield a very smooth side wall in the via hole without any residual films. Experiments on polymer deposition revealed that the polymerization at as low a temperature as -70°C gives a fluorine-rich polymer film with poor durability in a plasma environment, and the etchants for SiO 2 are released by ion bombardments at the interface between the polymer and the underlying SiO 2 to enhance SiO 2 etching.
Modulation-Format-Free Bias Control Technique for MZ Modulator Based on Differential Phasor Monitor (2011)

We propose a novel bias control technique based on the differential phasor monitor for the LiNbO3 modulator. For demonstrations, the proposed bias control technique was used for 20-Gb/s QPSK and 43-Gb/s 16-QAM signals.