gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An internal antisense RNA regulates expression of the photosynthesis gene <i>isiA</i> (2006)

Small regulatory noncoding RNAs exist in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Most of these RNA transcripts are trans-encoded RNAs with short and only partial antisense complementarity to their target RNAs, which regulate gene expression by modifying mRNA stability and translation. In contrast, reports on the function of cis-encoded, perfectly complementary antisense RNAs in eubacteria are rare. Cyanobacteria respond to iron deficiency by expressing IsiA (iron stress-induced protein A), which forms a giant ring structure around photosystem I. Here, we show that this process is controlled by IsrR (iron stress-repressed RNA), a cis-encoded antisense RNA transcribed from the isiA noncoding strand. Artificial overexpression of IsrR under iron stress causes a strongly diminished number of IsiA-photosystem I supercomplexes, whereas IsrR depletion results in premature expression of IsiA. The coupled degradation of IsrR/isiA mRNA duplexes appears to be a reversible switch that can respond to environmental changes. IsrR is the only RNA known so far to regulate a photosynthesis component.
Direct oxidation alkaline fuelcells: from materials to systems (2011)

Direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells (DOAFCs) possess particular advantages on the possibility of employing low cost non-noble metal catalysts. A wide range of fuels can be used due to superior reaction kinetics in alkaline media. The development of DOAFCs was hindered by the carbonation of electrolyte due to the presence of CO2. The application of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) provides the possibility of reducing the effect of carbonation and fuel crossover which is an issue in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The latest developments in alkaline fuel cells are examined in this paper, considering different types of fuels, novel catalysts and anion exchange membranes. Moreover, alkaline fuel cell systems and configurations are studied, particularly the new designs for portable or microelectronic devices. Further development of DOAFCs will rely on novel AEMs with good ionic conductivity and stability, low cost non-Pt catalysts with high activity and good stability for various fuels and oxidant. We envisage that DOAFCs will play a major role in energy research and applications in the near future.
1310 nm differential-phase-shift QKD system using superconducting single-photon detectors (2009)

We have implemented a differential-phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) system at 1310 nm with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The timing jitter of the SSPDs is very small (∼60 ps) and their dark counts rate is low (<200 s−1). 1310 nm is an ideal quantum signal wavelength for a QKD system, where quantum signals coexist with classical communication signals at 1550 nm in one fiber. As the key element in the DPS QKD, a Michelson interferometer was designed and built using Faraday mirrors that can automatically compensate for the polarization evolution in the fiber. As the result, our DPS QKD system can be steadily operated at 2.5 GHz clock rate with a low quantum error rate of less than 4%.
Survivability Modeling and Analysis of Cloud Service in Distributed Data Centers (2017)

Analyzing the survivability of a cloud service is critical as the application or service migration from local to cloud is an irresistible trend. However, former research on cloud service or virtual system (VS) availability and/or reliability was only carried out from the perspective of steady state. This paper aims to analyze the survivability of the cloud service after a service breakdown occurrence by presenting a model and the closed-form solutions with the use of continuous-time Markov chain. The service breakdown may be caused by virtual machine (VM) and/or VM monitor (VMM) bugs or software rejuvenation and/or host failures and NAS (Network Area Storage) failures. In order to improve the cloud service survivability, the VS applies two techniques: VM failover and VM live-migration. Through the model proposed and the survivability metrics defined in this paper, we are able to quantitatively assess the system survivability while providing insights into the investment efforts in system recovery strategies. In order to study the impact of key parameters on system survivability, this paper also provides a parameter sensitivity analysis through numerical experiments.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in pregnancy: the use of modified RT-QuIC to determine infectivity in placental tissues (2021)

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) rarely affects women of childbearing age. There is currently no evidence of vertical transmission. Given the biosafety implications of performing Caesarean sections (C-section) in these patients, we used sensitive real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays to test for the infectious prion protein (PrP<sup>Sc</sup>) in products of gestation. A 35-year-old woman with sCJD presented in her 10<sup>th</sup> gestational week with an eight month history of progressive cognitive impairment. During C-section, amniotic fluid, cord blood and placental tissue were collected and analysed using RT-QuIC protocols adapted for use with these tissues. The patient's diagnosis of sCJD, MM2 subtype, was confirmed at autopsy. There were borderline positive results in one sampled area of the placenta, but otherwise the cord blood and amniotic fluid were negative on our RT-QuIC assays. A healthy baby was delivered via C-section at 36 weeks and 3 days gestational age, with no evidence of neurological disease to date. We conclude that precautions should be taken with products of gestation, but the level of PrP<sup>Sc</sup> is extremely low.
On minimization of test power through modified scan flip-flop (2016)

Power dissipation during scan testing of modern high complexity designs could be many folds higher than the functional operation power, which is a well established observation. High test power dissipation can severely affect the chip yield and hence the final cost of the product. This makes it of utmost important to develop low power scan test methodologies. In this work we have proposed a modified scan flip-flop design which uses a low cost dynamic slave latch to shift the test vectors and allows the static slave latch to retain the responses from the previous test vector. Through bypassing the slave latch during loading/unloading operation the proposed design eliminates redundant switching activity in combinational logic and hence minimizes test power. Furthermore the proposed scan flip flop design does not use any gating element in functional path, and hence the functional performance overhead is comparatively very less than the previously proposed output gating techniques so far.
Thermal Design of an Airborne Computer Chassis With Air-Cooled, Cast Pin Fin Coldwalls (2005)

This paper documents the thermal design process required to provide effective thermal management for an airborne computer, consisting of 24 modules (two P/S modules and 22 PWB modules), which are edge-cooled to two cast, pin fin coldwalls. The computer chassis is mounted in an electronics pod mounted underneath the centerline of an aircraft. The pod consists of several electronics bays and a self-contained, air-cycle, environmental control system (ECS). The computer chassis is mounted in the forward bay, and the ECS is mounted in the rear bay of the electronics pod. The ECS is an air-cycle refrigeration system, which operates on captured ram air directed by an inlet/diffuser to an expansion turbine. This turbine produces low-pressure, chilled air, which is then directed through an air-to-liquid, load heat exchanger to produce chilled liquid. The chilled liquid is piped through small liquid lines to the forward bay of the pod, where the air-cooled computer chassis is located. The chilled liquid is converted back to chilled air in an air-to-liquid heat exchanger. The chilled air is supplied to the forward bay volume and is drawn through the computer chassis coldwalls by a fan integral to the computer chassis. The temperature of the chilled air, produced in this manner, becomes a strong function of the altitude and flight speed of the aircraft, because of the effect of these two parameters on the ram air mass flow rate and temperature at the inlet to the expansion turbine. The mass flow of the air used to cool the chassis is also a variable, because the density of the air is a function of the flight altitude and the fan has altitude-dependent operating characteristics. This fan provides the flow of air through the chassis. Emphasis is placed in the design process on the effect of the operating characteristics of the fan at altitude and the determination of the system performance curve associated with the pin fin coldwalls. This performance curve is controlled by the pressure drop characteristics of the pin fin coldwalls, which are a function of the Fanning f-factor and Colburn j-factor characteristics of the cast pin fin design. Design examples are used to demonstrate the design process.
Cyclization of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with Phenylhydrazones: A Synthetic Route to Triazinonoxathiazinedioxides and Triazinones (1991)

Abstract A convenient synthetic route is reported for the preparation of aroyl substituted triazinones and triazinono-xathiazinedioxides by the interaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate and phenylhydrazones (derived from acetylacetone, 1-benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane).
Evaluation of Narrow Vdc-Based Power Delivery Architecture in Mobile Computing System (2011)

Narrow Vdc (NVDC) power architecture is one of initiatives to extend battery life in mobile computing system. Advantages and application limit of it are analyzed for two generations NVDC architectures in detail. All design considerations for such possible concerns as charger controller selection, precharge issue, thermal stress, and energy star compliance related are presented, and solutions to some concerns are also provided in this paper. Finally, tests are conducted in a typical notebook system to verify all theoretical analysis and proposed solutions to those concerns.
1,2-Disilanediyl Bis(triflate), F<sub>3</sub>CSO<sub>3</sub>−SiH<sub>2</sub>SiH<sub>2</sub>−O<sub>3</sub>SCF<sub>3</sub>, as the Key Intermediate for a Facile Preparation of Open-Chain and Cyclic 1,1- and 1,2-Diaminodisilanes (1997)

Convenient high-yield syntheses for several open-chain and cyclic diaminodisilanes with fully hydrogenated Si-Si linkages are reported. The key intermediate for the preparation of the title compounds, 1,2-bis(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)disilane (1), reacts with 2 equiv of diethylamine to afford a mixture of the isomers Et(2)NSiH(2)SiH(2)NEt(2) (2a) and (Et(2)N)(2)SiHSiH(3) (2a'). Isopropylamine and 1 give (i)Pr(2)NSiH(2)SiH(2)N(i)Pr(2) (2b) exclusively. Treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of a primary alkylamine affords 2,3,5,6-tetrasilapiperazines [RNSiH(2)SiH(2)RNSiH(2)SiH(2); R = (i)Pr (3a), (t)Bu (3b), Bzl (3c)] comprising two SiH(2)-SiH(2) linkages. 1,3-Bifunctional bis(isopropylamino)silanes [((i)PrNH)(2)SiR(2); R = Me, Ph] were found to react with 1 to give trisilaimidazolidines [((i)PrN)SiR(2)((i)PrN)SiH(2)SiH(2); R = Me (4a), Ph (4b)] again comprising the N-SiH(2)-SiH(2)-N unit. The crystal structures of N,N'-diisopropyl-2,2-diphenyl-2,4,5-trisilaimidazolidine (4b) and N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrasilapiperazine (3b) were determined in X-ray diffraction studies; the five-membered ring of 4b is nearly planar with all nitrogen atoms in a planar configuration. The six-membered ring of 3b has a twist conformation, but again with the two nitrogen atoms in a planar configuration. Surprisingly, the treatment of 1 with 1,4-bifunctional N,N'-dialkylethylenediamines [(RNHCH(2)-)(2); R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu] does not give the analogous six-membered-ring compounds but leads selectively to the isomeric five-membered heterocycles [(CH(2)NR)(2)SiHSiH(3); R = (i)Pr (5a), (t)Bu (5b)], which are the products of a Si --> Si hydrogen shift rearrangement.
How do experienced information lens users use rules? (1989)

The Information Lens provides electronic mail users with the ability to write rules that automatically sort, select, and filter their messages. This paper describes preliminary results from an eighteen-month investigation of the use of this system at a corporate test site. We report the experiences of 13 voluntary users who have each had at least three months experience with the most recent version of the system. We found that:
Filler loading in the lumen or/and cell wall of fibers – A literature review (2011)

A review of the literature reveals potential advantages that papermakers can achieve by placing minerals in the lumens or cell walls of fibers before the pulp is formed into paper. Loading of filler into the fiber lumen by mechanical deposition or within the cell wall by in-situ precipitation has been reported to generally result in a moderate reduction in light scattering coefficient and increased strength properties of laboratory handsheets, as well as in paper manufactured with pilot plant equipment, when compared to conventional addition of filler. However, there are some exceptions to this general observation, where the fiber loading is reported to decrease the tensile strength of paper. Some related effects can be achieved by either precipitating mineral onto fiber surfaces or co-flocculating mineral particles with cellulosic fines. Challenges remain with respect to the implementation of fiber-loading concepts at a commercial scale. Also, there is a need for further research aimed at establishing high-end applications in which it may be an advantage to load cellulosic fiber cell walls or lumens with minerals or other substances.
Design, implementation, and verification of active cache emulator (ACE) (2006)

This paper presents the design, implementation, and verification of the Active Cache Emulator (ACE), a novel FPGA-based emulator that models an L3 cache actively and in real-time. ACE leverages interactions with its host system to model the target system (i.e. hypothetical system under study). Unlike most existing FPGA-based cache emulators that collect only memory traces from their host system, ACE provides feedback to its host by modeling the impact of the emulated cache on the system. Specifically, delays are injected to time dilate the host system which then experiences hit/miss latencies of the emulated cache. Such active emulation expands the context of performance measurements by capturing processor performance metrics (e.g. cycle per instruction) in addition to measuring the typical cache-specific performance metrics (e.g. miss ratio).ACE is designed to interface with a front-side bus (FSB) of a typical Pentium®-based PC system. To actively emulate cache latencies, ACE utilizes the snoop stall mechanism of the FSB to inject delays to the system. At present, ACE is implemented using a Xilinx XC2V6000 FPGA running at 66MHz, the same speed as its host's FSB. Verification of ACE includes using the Cache Calibrator and RightMark Memory Analyzer software to confirm proper detection of the emulated cache by the host system, and comparing ACE results with SimpleScalar software simulations.
Clinical and microbiological features of necrotizing fasciitis (1995)

The microbiological and clinical characteristics of 83 patients with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) treated over a period of 17 years are presented. Bacterial growth was noted in 81 of 83 (98%) of specimens from patients with NF. Aerobic or facultative bacteria only were recovered in 8 (10%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered in 18 (22%) specimens, and mixed-aerobic-anaerobic floras were recovered in 55 (68%) specimens. In total, there were 375 isolates, 105 aerobic or facultative bacteria and 270 anaerobic bacteria, for an average of 4.6 isolates per specimen. The recovery of certain bacteria from different anatomical locations correlated with their distribution in the normal flora adjacent to the infected site. Anaerobic bacteria outnumbered aerobic bacteria at all body sites, but the highest recovery rate of anaerobes was in the buttocks, trunk, neck, external genitalia, and inguinal areas. The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 14 isolates), Escherichia coli (n = 12), and group A streptococci (n = 8). The predominant anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp. (n = 101), Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. (n = 40), Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 36), and Clostridium spp. (n = 23). Certain clinical findings correlated with some bacteria: edema with B. fragilis group, Clostridium spp., S. aureus, Prevotella spp. and group A streptococci; gas and crepitation in tissues with members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium spp.; and foul odor with Bacteroides spp. Certain predisposing conditions correlated with some organisms: trauma with Clostridium spp.; diabetes with Bacteroides spp., members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and S. aureus; and immunosuppression and malignancy with Pseudomonas spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. These data highlight the polymicrobial nature of NF.
Axon Guidance Molecules in Vascular Patterning (2010)

Endothelial cells (ECs) form extensive, highly branched and hierarchically organized tubular networks in vertebrates to ensure the proper distribution of molecular and cellular cargo in the vertebrate body. The growth of this vascular system during development, tissue repair or in disease conditions involves the sprouting, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells in a process termed angiogenesis. Surprisingly, specialized ECs, so-called tip cells, which lead and guide endothelial sprouts, share many feature with another guidance structure, the axonal growth cone. Tip cells are motile, invasive and extend numerous filopodial protrusions sensing growth factors, extracellular matrix and other attractive or repulsive cues in their tissue environment. Axonal growth cones and endothelial tip cells also respond to signals belonging to the same molecular families, such as Slits and Roundabouts, Netrins and UNC5 receptors, Semaphorins, Plexins and Neuropilins, and Eph receptors and ephrin ligands. Here we summarize fundamental principles of angiogenic growth, the selection and function of tip cells and the underlying regulation by guidance cues, the Notch pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.
Weekly Cuirass Ventilation Improves Blood Gases and Inspiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Chronic Air-Flow Limitation and Hypercarbia (1988)

We studied the effects of an 8-h, once-a-week schedule of cuirass ventilation (CV) in 5 patients with advanced chronic air-flow limitation and chronic hypercarbia (PaCO2, 58.6 +/- 10.1 mm Hg; mean +/- SD). Repeated measurements of arterial blood gases, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (P1max), 12-min walking distance, and respiratory cycle were performed during a 1-month run-in period. Quality of life and transdiaphragmatic pressure were measured once. All patients completed the planned 4-month study. Four of them were ventilated for longer periods because CV could not be discontinued at the end of the study. PaCO2 showed a significant fall starting during the first month; PaO2 significantly increased from the second month, whereas P1max significantly rose from the third month on. Maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure increased in the 2 patients with abnormal baseline values. The fall in PaCO2 was associated with an increase in tidal volume because of a longer inspiratory time. Significant improvements in quality of life and in the 12-min walking distance were observed. We conclude that weekly CV improves blood gases, inspiratory muscle strength, and clinical conditions of patients with chronic air-flow limitation and chronic hypercarbia, probably because of correction of chronic inspiratory muscle fatigue.
Analysis and design of a high‐compliance ultra‐high output resistance current mirror employing positive shunt feedback (2014)

SUMMARY This paper reports a novel high‐compliance, very accurate and ultra‐high output resistance current mirror. These features are achieved by employing a combination of negative and positive feedbacks in the proposed circuit. This makes the proposed current mirror unique in gathering ultra‐high output resistance, high compliance, and high accuracy ever demanded merits. The principle of operation of this structure is discussed, its main formulas are derived and its outstanding performance is verified by Cadence post‐layout simulations. Designed in the IBM 130‐nm standard CMOS process, the circuit consumes 230 × 110 µm 2 of silicon area. Post‐layout simulation results indicate that with a 3.3‐V power supply, output voltage compliance of 0.93V Supply is achieved at a maximum output current of 96 μA. Moreover, an extremely ultra‐high output resistance of 320 GΩ is achieved, which is one of the highest reported values of output resistance for current mirrors implemented using regular CMOS technology. The −3 dB upper cut‐off frequency of the proposed circuit is 100 MHz and the output/input current transfer error is 0.1%. The whole circuit, including bias circuitry, consumes 0.57 mW when delivering 96 μA to the load. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification, quantitation, and characterization of biomolecules by capillary electrophoretic analysis of binding interactions (1999)

The high resolving power of capillary electrophoresis combined with the specificity of binding interactions may be used with advantage to characterize the structure-function relationship of biomolecules, to quantitate specific analytes in complex sample matrices, and to determine the purity of pharmaceutical and other molecules. We here review recent and innovative methodologies and applications of high resolution affinity electrophoresis within the fields of binding constant determination, structure-activity studies, quantitative microassays, analysis of drug purity and protein conformation, and immobilized affinity ligands. Despite the virtues of these approaches with respect to applicability, resolving power, speed, and low sample consumption, problems remain with respect to analyte identification and low concentration limits of detection. The ongoing development of new detector technologies for capillary electrophoresis such as mass spectrometry, and possibly nuclear magnetic resonance and other spectroscopic methods, is therefore very promising for the continued increased use of affinity capillary electrophoresis.
Digital predistortion of a power amplifier for signals comprising widely spaced carriers (2011)

Digital predistortion (DPD) of a RF power amplifier (PA) for signals comprising two widely spaced carrier clusters is proposed. The basis waveforms within the DPD are selected to allow for the use of a lower sampling rate. Multi-carrier signals spanning 60 MHz of bandwidth are linearized using a sample rate of 100 MHz for the transmitter and observation paths, as oppose to a sample rate exceeding 300 MHz (5 times Nyquist) used conventionally. A transmit (Tx) filter located after the PA attenuates intermodulation distortion (IMD) falling outside of the 100 MHz of correction bandwidth provided by the DPD.