gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Levels Are Associated with Basal Resistance to the Hemibiotrophic Fungus <i>Colletotrichum higginsianum</i> in Arabidopsis   (2008)

Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is an important component of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes. In this article, we provide evidence that G3P levels in plants are associated with defense to a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. Inoculation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with C. higginsianum was correlated with an increase in G3P levels and a concomitant decrease in glycerol levels in the host. Plants impaired in utilization of plastidial G3P (act1) accumulated elevated levels of pathogen-induced G3P and displayed enhanced resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of the host GLY1 gene, which encodes a G3P dehydrogenase (G3Pdh), conferred enhanced resistance. In contrast, the gly1 mutant accumulated reduced levels of G3P after pathogen inoculation and showed enhanced susceptibility to C. higginsianum. Unlike gly1, a mutation in a cytosolic isoform of G3Pdh did not alter basal resistance to C. higginsianum. Furthermore, act1 gly1 double-mutant plants were as susceptible as the gly1 plants. Increased resistance or susceptibility of act1 and gly1 plants to C. higginsianum, respectively, was not due to effects of these mutations on salicylic acid- or ethylene-mediated defense pathways. The act1 mutation restored a wild-type-like response in camalexin-deficient pad3 plants, which were hypersusceptible to C. higginsianum. These data suggest that G3P-associated resistance to C. higginsianum occurs independently or downstream of the camalexin pathway. Together, these results suggest a novel and specific link between G3P metabolism and plant defense.
Steady-State Characteristics of Lithium Isotope Separation by a Circuit of Continuous Displacement Chromatography (1982)

Abstract Height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP), which is an important factor to determine separation performance, is experimentally obtained for lithium isotope separation by a circuit of continuous displacement chromatography. The values of HETP are related to the flow rates and concentrations of the displacement reagents. A new equation to estimate HETP is derived and shows good agreement with the experimental data. Diffusion in the resin is found to be the major resistance for the isotope exchange reaction, and liquid mixing in the columns also strongly influences the value of HETP.
Mechanisms and kinetics of living radical polymerizations (2000)

The polymerization rates and activation processes of several variants of living radical polymerization (LRP) are discussed on the basis of recent experimental and theoretical results. Because of bimolecular termination, which is inevitable in LRP as well as in conventional radical polymerization, the time-conversion curves of LRP have several characteristic features depending on the experimental conditions, such as the presence or absence of conventional initiation. Despite the presence of termination (and initiation, in some cases), polymers obtained by LRP can have a low polydispersity, provided that the number of terminated chains is small compared to the number of potentially active chains. A large rate constant of activation, kact, is another fundamental requisite for low polydispersities. Systematic experimental investigation into kact has clarified the exact mechanisms of activation in several LRP systems. The magnitudes of kact was found to largely differ from system to system.
Reduction of Aluminium Concentration in Albumin Products (1994)

The aluminium concentration in albumin products has been reduced to < or = 100 ppb by an anion exchanger treatment. Furthermore, we have found that this low aluminium concentration in a albumin products has been maintained for extensive periods of time, when they are stored in de-alkalized soft glass containers.
Spiro[chromane‐2,4′‐piperidine]‐Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Improved in vivo Activity (2012)

Abstract A series of spiro[chromane‐2,4′‐piperidine] derivatives based on a previously published lead benzyl spirocycle 1 and bearing various N ‐aryl and N ‐alkylaryl substituents on the piperidine ring were prepared as novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The compounds were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit nuclear HDACs, their in vitro antiproliferative activities, and in vitro ADME profiles. Based on these activities, 4‐fluorobenzyl and 2‐phenylethyl spirocycles were selected for further characterization. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies showed that both compounds exhibit an overall lower clearance rate, an increased half‐life, and higher AUCs after intravenous and oral administration than spiropiperidine 1 under the conditions used. The improved PK behavior of these two compounds also correlated with superior in vivo antitumor activity in an HCT‐116 xenograft model.
Designing High-Efficiency Nanostructured Two-Phase Heusler Thermoelectrics (2017)

Nanostructured systems formed by two distinct phases are particularly promising for high efficiency thermoelectrics due to the reduction in thermal conductivity afforded by the nanostructured phase. However, the choice of the matrix and nanostructured phases represents a challenging materials discovery problem due to the large compositional space involved. Heusler phase thermoelectrics are particularly promising candidates for nanostructuring since these compounds often possess favorable electronic thermoelectric properties but relatively high thermal conductivity. Here, we have developed a high-throughput screening strategy to predict promising candidates for nanostructuring systems based on two Heusler phases. Our search includes all two-phase systems involving full, half, and inverse Heusler in the Open Quantum Materials Database, in total a search space of ∼1011 possible combinations of two Heusler compounds. To reduce this space, our screening approach starts with a set of known thermoelectrics as matrix phases and screens for all second phase compounds that are stable and form a two-phase equilibrium with the matrix. We compute mixing energies for the resulting combinations of a matrix and a nanostructured phase, find systems that have a moderately large positive mixing energy, and hence show an appropriate balance between tendency for nanostructuring and solubility of the second phase. Our screening approach gives 31 pairs, two of which have been explored experimentally (thus validating our screening strategy) and 29 of which represent new predictions of systems awaiting experimental synthesis. In addition, our results show that matrix/nanostructure pairs consisting of distinct crystal structures (e.g., mixing of half Heusler with full Heusler) typically have low mutual solubility, whereas isostructural matrix/nanostructured phase pairs (where both matrix and nanostructure have the same structure type, half Heusler or full Heusler) more often have energetics suitable for forming nanostructures or solid solutions.
CloudMonatt (2015)

Cloud customers need guarantees regarding the security of their virtual machines (VMs), operating within an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud system. This is complicated by the customer not knowing where his VM is executing, and on the semantic gap between what the customer wants to know versus what can be measured in the cloud. We present an architecture for monitoring a VM's security health, with the ability to attest this to the customer in an unforgeable manner. We show a concrete implementation of property-based attestation and a full prototype based on the OpenStack open source cloud software.
Prediction of cardiac arrhythmia using deterministic probabilistic finite-state automata (2020)

This paper introduces a novel method for classifying and predicting cardiac arrhythmia events via a special type of deterministic probabilistic finite-state automata (DPFA). The proposed method constructs the underlying state space and transition probabilities of the DPFA model directly from the input data. The algorithm was employed in the prediction of two types of cardiac events, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrial high-rate episodes (AHRE), with its performance compared to five other well-established methods. In all experiments, the proposed method achieved over 0.8 AUC for both SVT and AHRE prediction.
SliceNDice: Mining Suspicious Multi-attribute Entity Groups with\n Multi-view Graphs (2019)

Given the reach of web platforms, bad actors have considerable incentives to\nmanipulate and defraud users at the expense of platform integrity. This has\nspurred research in numerous suspicious behavior detection tasks, including\ndetection of sybil accounts, false information, and payment scams/fraud. In\nthis paper, we draw the insight that many such initiatives can be tackled in a\ncommon framework by posing a detection task which seeks to find groups of\nentities which share too many properties with one another across multiple\nattributes (sybil accounts created at the same time and location, propaganda\nspreaders broadcasting articles with the same rhetoric and with similar\nreshares, etc.) Our work makes four core contributions: Firstly, we posit a\nnovel formulation of this task as a multi-view graph mining problem, in which\ndistinct views reflect distinct attribute similarities across entities, and\ncontextual similarity and attribute importance are respected. Secondly, we\npropose a novel suspiciousness metric for scoring entity groups given the\nabnormality of their synchronicity across multiple views, which obeys intuitive\ndesiderata that existing metrics do not. Finally, we propose the SliceNDice\nalgorithm which enables efficient extraction of highly suspicious entity\ngroups, and demonstrate its practicality in production, in terms of strong\ndetection performance and discoveries on Snapchat's large advertiser ecosystem\n(89% precision and numerous discoveries of real fraud rings), marked\noutperformance of baselines (over 97% precision/recall in simulated settings)\nand linear scalability.\n
Two phase I studies of prime-boost vaccinations with vaccinia-fowlpox vaccines expressing CEA, MUC-1, and TRICOM costimulatory molecules (B7.1/ICAM-1/LFA-3) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (2004)

2564 Background: Recombinant pox viruses have been developed as therapeutic anti-tumor vaccines. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between the generation of T-cell immunity by these vaccines and overall survival (OS). We report the results of two Phase I studies of vaccines targeting MUC-1 and CEA. Methods: The first study tested an earlier generation of the vaccines. The second study tested recombinant vaccinia and fowlpox viruses co-expressing CEA, MUC-1, and the TRICOM genes (PANVAC-VF). Safety was the primary objective of both studies. Twenty-two patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (Stage III or IV) were enrolled (20 with metastatic disease; all had received prior therapy). Patients received a ‘prime’ dose of vaccinia on Day 0, followed by ‘boost’ doses of fowlpox on Days 14, 28, and 42; all vaccinations were followed by local GM-CSF (100 μg) for 4 days. Patients who were clinically stable were able to continue vaccinations monthly. Safety parameters evaluated included vital signs, physical examination, laboratory tests, and adverse events (AEs). All patients were followed for survival. Results: The most common AE related to the vaccines was grade 1 injection site reaction, which included erythema, swelling, pruritis, blister, induration, and pain. Other common AEs were fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, headache, and myalgia. There was one grade 3 fever. No serious adverse events related to vaccine occurred. Six of the 12 patients enrolled in the first study have died. However, the median OS cannot yet be calculated and currently is at least 7.3 months. Conclusions: All of the patients in the first study had metastatic disease at baseline and all had failed first-line chemotherapy. Historical control data suggest that the expected median OS in this patient population is approximately 3 months. Although the sample size is small and the analysis is limited by comparison to historical controls, these data suggest that vaccination has improved median OS in this patient population. A randomized trial is planned for early 2004. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Therion Biologics Roche; Therion Biolgoics Therion Biolgoics
A Comparison of Methods of Adding Fibrolytic Enzymes to Lactating Cow Diets (2000)

Holstein cows (n = 43) in early lactation were used to investigate effects of method of adding fibrolytic enzymes to diets on feed intake, milk production, and digestibility. Cows were blocked according to parity and calving date and randomly assigned to three treatments: control, enzymes applied to the total mixed ration (E-TMR), or enzymes added to the barley-based concentrate (E-Conc). The enzyme product used was a proprietary blend that contained relatively high xylanase and low cellulase activities (Biovance Technol. Inc., Omaha, NE). An enzyme solution (50 mg of enzyme powder dissolved into 20 ml of water) was sprayed onto each kilogram of total mixed ration (dry matter basis) before feeding. Alternatively, 73 g of enzyme powder, dissolved in 20 L of water, was added per ton of concentrate (50 mg of enzyme/kg of diet dry matter). The total mixed rations contained 24% corn silage, 14% alfalfa hay, and 62% concentrate (dry matter basis) and were offered ad libitum. In vitro gas production assays and two experiments using sheep were conducted to measure the effects of enzyme treatment on digestibility. Dry matter intake (mean: 19.8 kg/d) was not affected by enzyme supplementation. Milk yield (kg/d) was higher for cows fed E-Conc (37.4) than for cows fed control (35.3) or E-TMR (35.2) with no effects on milk composition. Total tract digestibility (%) of dry matter was higher for E-Conc (66.6%) than for the control diet (63.9%) and intermediate for E-TMR (65.7%) when measured in dairy cows. However, the digestibility of the diets was substantially higher when measured in sheep than in dairy cows, with no effects of enzyme supplementation. The results indicate that fibrolytic enzymes have the potential to increase digestibility and milk production in dairy cows because digestion is low relative to potential digestibility. When digestion is higher, as was observed in lambs or in vitro, no improvement in digestibility occurs. Method of enzyme delivery must also be considered to maximize the benefits of using fibrolytic enzymes in dairy cow diets.
Real-time measurement of temporal waveforms of a terahertz pulse using a probe pulse with a tilted pulse front (2008)

We propose a novel method that uses a femtosecond pulse with a tilted pulse front as a probe pulse to perform real-time measurement of temporal waveforms of a terahertz pulse. This method can operate on a single shot in principle. Real-time measurement of the terahertz pulse was achieved using the dynamic subtraction method with a synchronized high-speed complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor. A time window of 2.6 ps was achieved. This value agrees well with results that were calculated theoretically and measured by an interferometric inverted field autocorrelator.
Noise tolerant spatiotemporal chaos computing (2014)

We introduce and design a noise tolerant chaos computing system based on a coupled map lattice (CML) and the noise reduction capabilities inherent in coupled dynamical systems. The resulting spatiotemporal chaos computing system is more robust to noise than a single map chaos computing system. In this CML based approach to computing, under the coupled dynamics, the local noise from different nodes of the lattice diffuses across the lattice, and it attenuates each other's effects, resulting in a system with less noise content and a more robust chaos computing architecture.
Methanesulfonic Acid as Catalyst in Durable-Press Treatments of Cotton (1973)

Methanesulfonic acid, because of its similarity to hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, has been investigated as a catalyst for finishing cotton to produce durable-press properties. It provides strong catalysis in mild cure and conventional pad- dry-cure treatments. However, fabric must be washed after treatment to remove residual acidity which otherwise causes undesirable changes in the finish.
UDP Traceroute Message Extension (2008)

This document specifies an extension to UDP traceroute messages that
allows the UDP traceroute probe packets to be authenticated by the
intermediate nodes and the destination node. This extension can also
include requests for node specific information that the sender is
interested to receive from one or more nodes via the traceroute
replies.
Full-bridge isolated current fed converter with active clamp (1999)

The full-bridge isolated current fed converter with active clamp advantages are in its ZVS capability and its well-clamped operation devoid of voltage overshoot on the converter switches and the rectifier diodes. Another relative advantage is that the isolation transformer magnetising current does not have a DC component. An analysis defines the converter voltage transfer ratio taking into consideration the switches' parasitic capacitance and the transformer leakage and magnetizing inductance. The analysis defines the selection criteria for power stage component values. Two breadboard models were built and tested utilizing the current fed full bridge topology. One model was realized as a DC/DC and the other as a single stage PFC. The models' experimental data confirmed calculations.
Learning to Estimate Scenes from Images (1998)

We seek the scene interpretation that best explains image data. For example, we may want to infer the projected velocities (scene) which best explain two consecutive image frames (image). From synthetic data, we model the relationship between image and scene patches, and between a scene patch and neighboring scene patches. Given a new image, we propagate likelihoods in a Markov network (ignoring the effect of loops) to infer the underlying scene. This yields an efficient method to form low-level scene interpretations. We demonstrate the technique for motion analysis and estimating high resolution images from low-resolution ones.
Comparison of Reactivity of Nanoscaled Zero‐Valent Iron Formed on Clay Surfaces (2011)

Clay minerals were used as template‐supporting matrices to synthesize nanoscaled zero‐valent iron (ZVI). The size and distribution of the synthesized ZVI particles were related to clay structure, origin of negative charges, and surface charge density. The average particle size ranged from 0.5 nm (perpendicular to the clay layers) for the ZVI intercalated in smectite interlayers, to 1 to 2 nm for the ZVI residing on kaolinite and pyrophyllite surfaces, and ∼5 nm for the ZVI formed on illite and smectite external surfaces. The reactivity of the ZVI was evaluated based on the rate and extent of reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline. The results revealed that the reactivity of ZVI decreased with increasing particle size, and the ZVI intercalated in smectite clay manifested the highest reactivity. The reaction efficiency of the ZVI associated with smectite clay was estimated to be as high as 90% based on the equivalency of electron transfer from ZVI to nitrobenzene. The great reactivity and high efficiency of smectite‐intercalated ZVI, along with many other advantageous properties of smectite (e.g., a layer structure that protects ZVI from aggregation and oxidation), warrants its potential utilization in the development of in situ remediation and treatment technologies for inorganic and organic contaminants.
Subject Index (2006)

Effective tumor vaccine may be required to induce both cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and CD4+ helper T-cell responses against tumor-associated antigens. CD4+ helper T cells that recognize HLA class II-restricted epitopes play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of antitumor immune responses. The Wilms tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in both leukemias and solid tumors, and the WT1 protein was demonstrated to be an attractive target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we identified a WT1 protein-derived 16-mer peptide, WT1(332)(KRYFKLSHLQMHSRKH), which was restricted with HLA-DRB1*0405, one of the most common HLA class II types in Japanese, as a helper epitope that could elicit WT1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. We established a WT1(332)-specific CD4+ helper T-cell clone (E04.1), which could respond to both HLA-DRB1*0405-positive, WT1-expressing transformed hematopoietic cells and autologous dendritic cells pulsed with apoptosis-induced WT1-expressing cells, indicating that the WT1(332) was a naturally processed helper epitope. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with both the CTL epitope (WT1(235)) and the helper epitope (WT1(332)) in the presence of WT1(332)-specific TH1-type CD4+ T cell clone strikingly enhanced the induction and the functional activity of WT1(235)-specific CTLs compared with that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the WT1(235) alone. These results indicated that a helper epitope, WT1(332) should be useful for improvement of the efficacy of CTL epitope-based cancer vaccine targeting WT1 in the clinical setting.
Physiological Studies of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), αhCG, and βhCG as Measured by Specific Monoclonal Immunoradiometric Assays* (1987)

Several libraries of monoclonal antibodies have been produced against epitopes that reside on hCG, alpha hCG, and beta hCG. Having characterized them physically, we explored their use in the construction of highly specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assays. There were several important immunochemical considerations with respect to developing assays that accurately detect low levels of free subunits in serum in the presence of high concentrations of the native hormone. These include physical properties and specificities of the monoclonal antibodies, choice of capture antibody on the solid phase support, assay design, and purity of hormone standards. Using such assays, we found early pregnancy (in vitro fertilization) to be characterized by the sequential appearance of hCG, followed by beta hCG and then alpha hCG. Molar ratios of beta hCG to alpha hCG and beta hCG to hCG were highest in early gestation. However, there was a reversal of the beta hCG to alpha hCG ratio at 12-13 weeks gestation, and an excess of free alpha hCG was observed thereafter. Except for values obtained in very early pregnancy, the beta hCG to hCG ratio remained remarkably constant at approximately 0.5% throughout gestation. In contrast, choriocarcinoma was distinguished by absolute serum beta hCG concentrations 3-100 times greater than the maximum values observed during pregnancy and, more importantly, by exceedingly high beta hCG to hCG ratios. For comparison, we studied hCG, alpha hCG, and beta hCG levels in an additional 178 patients with nontrophoblastic tumors. Ectopic production of alpha hCG and beta hCG was rare (3%), and thus far, we have been unable to demonstrate the presence of hCG in such patients. Therefore, hCG and the free subunits appear not to be useful as serological markers for nontrophoblastic tumors.