gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A State-Constrained Approach to Vehicle-Follower Control for Short Headway Automated Transit Systems (1978)

Vehicle following in an automated transit system is a longitudinal control scheme where the state of a given vehicle is determined by the behavior of the preceding vehicle. At short time headways (0.5 to 3.0 s) a kinematic constraint on vehicle operation arises as a consequence of the velocity, acceleration, and jerk limits imposed to assure passenger comfort. This constraint requires a trailing vehicle to maintain a spacing such that it may react to nominal (nonemergency) preceding vehicle maneuvers without collision and without exceeding service jerk and acceleration limits. The large initial conditions which may result preclude the use of linear time-invariant feedback. Thus a nonlinear feedback controller is designed which forces the vehicle to follow the kinematically required spacing until the desired headway is attained. The design is based upon a technique which uses an approximately optimal feedback control with state constraints. In addition, several suboptimal controls with reduced informational requirements are presented, thus producing an easily instrumentable controller which properly responds to all possible nominal maneuvers of a preceding vehicle.
Adaptive Policies for Scheduling with Reconfiguration Delay: An End-to-End Solution for All-Optical Data Centers (2015)

All-optical switching networks have been considered a promising candidate for the next generation data center networks thanks to its scalability in data bandwidth and power efficiency. However, the bufferless nature and the nonzero recon- figuration delay of optical switches remain great challenges in deploying all-optical networks. This paper considers the end-to- end scheduling for all-optical data center networks with no in- network buffer and nonzero reconfiguration delay. A framework is proposed to deal with the nonzero reconfiguration delay. The proposed approach constructs an adaptive variant of any given scheduling policy. It is shown that if a scheduling policy guarantees its schedules to have schedule weights close to the MaxWeight schedule (and thus is throughput optimal in the zero reconfiguration regime), then the throughput optimality is inherited by its adaptive variant (in any nonzero reconfiguration delay regime). As a corollary, a class of adaptive variants of the well known MaxWeight policy is shown to achieve throughput optimality without prior knowledge of the traffic load. Further- more, through numerical simulations, the simplest such policy, namely the Adaptive MaxWeight (AMW), is shown to exhibit better delay performance than all prior work.
Dispersion-shifted convex-index single-mode fibres (1985)

The structural design of the single-mode fibre with a convex-index profile is described to achieve zero dispersion at 1.55 μm. As a result of the fibre design, it is clarified that the bending loss of the convex-index fibre is the smallest among the losses of various index profile fibres such as step, triangular and Gaussian ones.
Scintillator-Based Low Energy Particle Imaging Spectrometer for Nanosatellites (2001)

Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI), in cooperation with the Boston University Center for Space Physics, and under the sponsorship of the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicle Directorate, has developed and tested a lightweight, multi-configuration sensor to monitor the space weather environment. The scintillator-based Low Energy Particle Imaging Spectrometer (LEPIS) is ideally suited to monitoring the lower energy (20 to 1000 keV) charged particle environment. The LEPIS design is also compatible with the weight, volume, and power requirements of nanosatellites (<0.5 kg, <0.5 W). The LEPIS design does not rely upon a magnetic sector to discriminate between particle types; rather it takes advantage of particle cross-section characteristics and scintillator properties to discriminate. We have already proven the feasibility of our approach; i.e., using thin films of materials to create particle-specific detectors, fiber-optically coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube. The result is a tremendous savings in sensor weight and volume. Background Space Weather The need to monitor space weather is becoming essential because of the potential for satellite loss or service interruption during periods of high geomagnetic activity or severe radiation conditions. Space weather is the manifestation of the intimate connection between the earth and the sun. The space surrounding the earth is a highly dynamic environment that responds to changes in the sun. The sun is constantly bombarding the earth with highenergy particles and radiation. The dynamic interaction between this solar wind, the earth's magnetic field and the sun’s magnetic field determines the space weather. Since the space environment responds dramatically and sensitively to changes in the electromagnetic fields, particles and magnetic fields arriving from the sun, it is important to have early warning of such events. This response occurs with time delays of hours to days, and is at the core of space weather. Satellites in earth orbit interact continuously over many years with this highly dynamic space environment. Rapid changes in the space environment cause increased radiation damage, single event upsets, spacecraft charging and damage to materials. All of these effects degrade satellite performance. Most often satellite systems degrade gradually in time; however, there are striking examples of sudden, unpredicted spacecraft failures caused by correlated with geomagnetic activity. The LEPIS, as part of a constellation of space weather monitoring nanosatellites, would provide a crucial early warning of enhanced geomagnetic activity. A warning of days or even hours of an impending geomagnetic event would allow satellite operators to take action to minimize damage or service interruptions caused by the accompanying increased radiation. To protect against damage and service outages, spacecraft operators might
Pipelining saturated accumulation (2006)

Aggressive pipelining allows FPGAs to achieve high throughput on many digital signal processing applications. However, cyclic data dependencies in the computation can limit pipelining and reduce the efficiency and speed of an FPGA implementation. Saturated accumulation is an important example where such a cycle limits the throughput of signal processing applications. We show how to reformulate saturated addition as an associative operation so that we can use a parallel prefix calculation to perform saturated accumulation at any data rate supported by the device. This allows us, for example, to design a 16-bit saturated accumulator which can operate at 280MHz on a Xilinx Spartan-3 (XC3S-5000-4), the maximum frequency supported by the component's DCM
A modified Baum-Welch algorithm for hidden Markov models with multiple observation spaces (2001)

We derive an algorithm similar to the well-known Baum-Welch (1970) algorithm for estimating the parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The new algorithm allows the observation PDF of each state to be defined and estimated using a different feature set. We show that estimating parameters in this manner is equivalent to maximizing the likelihood function for the standard parameterization of the HMM defined on the input data space. The processor becomes optimal if the state-dependent feature sets are sufficient statistics to distinguish each state individually from a common state.
Single-image structured illumination using Hilbert transform demodulation (2017)

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) achieves sectioning at depth by removing undesired light from out-of-focus planes within a specimen. However, it generally requires at least three modulated images with discrete phase shifts of 0, 120, and 240 deg to produce sectioning. Using a Hilbert transform demodulation, it is possible to produce both sectioning and depth information relative to a reference plane (i.e., a coverslip) using only a single image. The specimen is modulated at a known frequency, and the unmodulated portion of the image is estimated. These two components are used to provide a high-quality sectioned image containing both axial and lateral information of an object. The sectioning resolution with a single image is on par with that of a control three-image SIM. We are also able to show that when used with three images of discrete phase, this method produces better contrast within a turbid media than the traditional SIM technique. Because the traditional SIM requires alignment of three different phases, small differences in optical path length can introduce strong artifacts. Using the single-image technique removes this dependency, greatly improving sectioning in turbid media. Multiple targets with various depths and opaqueness are considered, including human skin in vivo, demonstrating a quick and useful way to provide noninvasive sectioning in real time.
Practical quantum cryptography based on two-photon interferometry (1992)

We propose an experimental realization of cryptographic-key-sharing scheme exploiting quantum correlations between pair photons. Our experimental setup consists of an external source of correlated photon pairs which propagate to two widely separated unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The probability of detection of photon pairs in any two outputs of the interferometers can be fully modulated by phase plates in either interferometer.
Fault Diagnosis of a Sensor Network: A Distributed Filtering Approach (2013)

This paper proposes a model-based approach to develop a novel fault diagnosis scheme for a sensor network of a cascade, parallel and feedback combination of subsystems. The objective is to detect and isolate a fault in any of the subsystems and measurement sensors which are subject to disturbances and/or measurement noise. Our approach hinges on the use of a bank of Kalman filters (KF) to detect and isolate faults. Each KF is driven by either a pair (a) of consecutive sensor measurements or (b) of a reference input and a measurement. It is shown that the KF residual is a reliable indicator of a fault in subsystems and sensors located in the path between the pair of the KF's input. The simple and efficient procedure proposed here analyzes each of the associated paths and leads to both the detection and isolation of any fault that occurred in the paths analyzed. The scheme is successfully evaluated on several simulated examples and on a physical fluid system exemplified by a benchmarked laboratory-scale two-tank system to detect and isolate faults including sensor, actuator and leakage ones.
Resolving Phase Ambiguities In OQPSK (1991)

Improved design for modulator and demodulator in offset-quaternary-phase-key-shifting (OQPSK) communication system enables receiver to resolve ambiguity in estimated phase of received signal. Features include unique-code-word modulation and detection and digital implementation of Costas loop in carrier-recovery subsystem. Enchances performance of carrier-recovery subsystem, reduces complexity of receiver by removing redundant circuits from previous design, and eliminates dependence of timing in receiver upon parallel-to-serial-conversion clock.
Cell-specific Regulation of Androgen Receptor Phosphorylation in Vivo (2005)

The biological ramifications of phosphorylation of the androgen receptor (AR) are largely unknown. To examine the phosphorylation of AR at serine 213, a putative substrate for Akt, a phosphorylation site-specific antibody was generated. The use of this antibody indicated that AR Ser-213 is phosphorylated in vivo and that phosphorylation is tightly regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Furthermore, Ser-213 phosphorylation took place with rapid kinetics and was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Phosphorylation occurred in response to R1881 and dihydrotestosterone but weakly if at all in response to testosterone. It did not occur in response to AR antagonists or growth factor stimulation in the absence of an AR agonist. Transcription assays using an AR-responsive reporter gene construct showed that activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibited transcription mediated by wild type AR but not that of a mutant AR variant (S213A), which could not be phosphorylated at Ser-213. By immunohistochemistry, the AR Ser(P)-213 antigen was detected in prostate epithelial but not stromal cells despite the fact that an antibody recognizing both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of AR demonstrates that AR is present in both cell types as expected. In fetal tissue the AR-Ser(P)-213 antigen was present in epithelial cells of the urogenital sinus when endogenous androgen levels were high and activated Akt was prevalent, but absent at a later stage of development when endogenous androgen levels were low and Akt activation was minimal. Immunoreactivity was evident in differentiated cells lining the lumen of the urogenital sinus but not in rapidly dividing, Ki67 positive cells within the developing prostate or stromal tissue, suggesting that site-specific phosphorylation of AR Ser-213 by cellular kinases occurs in a non-proliferating cellular milieu.
Optimization of Plasmid Maintenance in the Attenuated Live Vector Vaccine Strain <i>Salmonella typhi</i> CVD 908- <i>htrA</i> (1999)

The broad objective of the research presented here is to develop a noncatalytic plasmid maintenance system for the stabilization of multicopy expression plasmids encoding foreign antigens in a Salmonella typhi live-vector vaccine strain such as CVD 908-htrA. We have enhanced the maintenance of expression plasmids at two independent levels. First, we removed dependence upon balanced-lethal maintenance systems that involve catalytic enzymes expressed from multicopy plasmids; we accomplished this through incorporation into expression plasmids of a postsegregational killing system based on the noncatalytic hok-sok plasmid addiction system from the antibiotic resistance factor pR1. We also included at least one naturally occurring plasmid partition function in our expression plasmids, which eliminates random segregation of these plasmids, thereby enhancing their inheritance and stability; to accomplish this, we incorporated either the par locus from pSC101, the parA locus from pR1, or both. We monitored the stability of optimized expression plasmids within CVD 908-htrA by quantitating expression of a variant of green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) by using flow cytometry. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of this novel plasmid maintenance system in enhancing the stability of our expression plasmids and go on to show that as the copy number of stabilized plasmids increases, the toxicity of GFPuv synthesis also increases. The implications of these observations for the rational design of immunogenic and protective bacterial live vector vaccines are discussed.
Abstract #LB-78: Structural analysis of the CDK4/cyclin D1 substrate recognition site and basis for inhibitor selectivity (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

An alternative strategy for inhibition of the cyclin dependent kinases in anti-tumor drug discovery is afforded through the substrate recruitment site on the cyclin positive regulatory subunit. This approach offers the potential of generating cell cycle specific CDK inhibitors and to reduce the inhibition of transcription mediated through CDK7, 8 and 9, commonly observed with ATP competitive compounds. While highly potent peptide and small molecule inhibitors of CDK2/cyclin A, E substrate recruitment have been reported, little information has been generated on the determinants of inhibitor binding to the cyclin groove of the CDK4/cyclin D1 complex. CDK4/cyclin D is a validated anti-cancer drug target and continues to be widely pursued in the development of new therapeutics based on cell cycle blockade. We have therefore investigated the structural basis for peptide binding to its cyclin groove and have examined the features contributing to potency and selectivity of inhibitors. As no experimental structural information is yet available for the CDK4/cyclin D1 complex, we have generated a protein homology structure for cyclin D1 modeled on available crystal structures for other human cyclins. Based on reported peptide inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D mediated pRb phosphorylation, peptide-cyclin complexes have been generated with cyclin A and cyclin D and used to validate the homology structure and to correlate predicted affinity with known structure-activity relationships. The results for this study reveal that a single amino acid variation in the cyclin D1 groove has a significant impact on the potency of cyclin A inhibitors and could potentially be exploited in the design of compounds with greater affinity and selectivity for D1. Exchange of Ile214 in cyclin A for valine leads to decreased interaction with the Leu-Phe motif of cyclin A inhibitory compounds. In addition, differences in charged residues between the two cyclins leads to lesser impact of positively charged inhibitory peptides in the cyclin D1 context. These results suggest that modification of appropriate peptide functionality has the potential to significantly increase affinity for cyclin D1. Elucidation of the structural basis for peptide inhibition was thus further applied to identify compounds that have increased potency and greater selectivity against CDK4 phosphorylation of the Rb protein. We have synthesized peptidic and non-peptidic compounds that have increased potency against the cyclin D1 groove which to our knowledge are the first reported examples of CDK4 selective inhibitors of substrate recruitment. Such compounds will be useful chemical biology probes to determine the cellular and anti-tumor effects of CDK inhibitors that are cell cycle specific and do not inhibit the transcriptional regulatory effects of other cyclin dependent kinases.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-78.
Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Micelles: Intracoil Direct Energy Transfer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence Studies of Polymer Micelles: Intracoil Direct Energy TransferThomas J. Martin and S. E. WebberCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 26, 8845–8854Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00130a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00130a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Turnaround-Point Long-Period Fiber Gratings (TAP-LPGs) as High-Radiation-Dose Sensors (2012)

This letter reports the application of turnaround-point (TAP) long-period gratings (LPGs) for radiation dosimetry. The LPGs were realized using the laser-writing technique. After a gamma dose of 6 kGy, the TAP-LPGs show a radiation-induced shift of more than 35 nm for each of the dual resonance dips, which is the highest shift reported to date for any type of fiber gratings. These LPGs can therefore be used as radiation sensors down to doses of a few Gy with modest wavelength-resolving instrumentation. The LPGs show significant sensitivity of wavelength shifts up to 80 nm for a dose of 65 kGy. We attribute the very high radiation sensitivity to near-TAP operation and doping of Boron in the fiber. This should open up applications of LPGs to radiation dosimetry.
A New, Principled Approach to Anomaly Detection (2012)

Intrusion detection is often described as having two main approaches: signature-based and anomaly-based. We argue that only unsupervised methods are suitable for detecting anomalies. However, there has been a tendency in the literature to conflate the notion of an anomaly with the notion of a malicious event. As a result, the methods used to discover anomalies have typically been ad hoc, making it nearly impossible to systematically compare between models or regulate the number of alerts. We propose a new, principled approach to anomaly detection that addresses the main shortcomings of ad hoc approaches. We provide both theoretical and cyber-specific examples to demonstrate the benefits of our more principled approach.
Sulfhydryl Regulation of L-Selectin Shedding: Phenylarsine Oxide Promotes Activation-Independent L-Selectin Shedding from Leukocytes (2000)

The L-selectin adhesion molecule mediates leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites and lymphocyte trafficking through the peripheral lymph nodes. In response to leukocyte activation, L-selectin is proteolytically released from the cell surface, disabling leukocytes from the subsequent L-selectin-dependent interactions. We have found that L-selectin shedding is sensitive to sulfhydryl chemistry; it is promoted by thiol-oxidizing or -blocking reagents and inhibited by reducing reagents. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a trivalent arsenical that interacts with vicinal dithiols, is most potent in inducing rapid shedding of L-selectin from isolated neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes as well as from neutrophils in whole blood. PAO does not cause cell activation, nor does it interfere with integrin function or alter the expression of several other cell surface molecules at the low concentrations that induce L-selectin shedding. PAO is not required to enter the cell to induce L-selectin shedding. TAPI-2 ((N-(D,L-[2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)-methyl]-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-3-(tert-butyl)-alanyl-l -alanine, 2-aminoethyl amide), which has previously been shown to inhibit the activation-dependent L-selectin shedding, is also capable of inhibiting PAO-induced L-selectin shedding. We hypothesize that PAO-induced L-selectin shedding involves a regulatory molecule, such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an enzyme that plays a role in the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, contains PAO-binding, vicinal dithiol-active sites, and is expressed on the neutrophil surface. Cell surface expression of PDI, L-selectin shedding induced by PDI-blocking Abs and by bacitracin, a known inhibitor of PDI activity, and direct binding of PDI to PAO, provide supporting evidence for this hypothesis.
A New Method to Rapidly Assess the Stickiness of Cotton (1995)

Rapid assessment of the stickiness of cotton can be accomplished with a new apparatus designed, constructed, and tested at the U.S. Cotton Ginning Laboratory at Stoneville, Mississippi, and at a commercial laboratory. The apparatus essentially consists of a cabinet equipped with an infrared moisture sensor, resistance sensor, and compression platen. The apparatus may be used as a stationary laboratory device or it may be used for continuous, online monitoring in a gin or textile environment. The infrared moisture meter responds to the level of natural sugar and insect sugar that is contained within the sample whereas the resistance moisture content is affected only slightly. Results of several studies involving a number of cottons grown across the cotton belt indicated that the instrument can correctly estimate whether a sample is sticky or not about 75% of the time.