gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-step channel selection-a novel technique for reconfigurable multistandard transceiver front-ends (2005)

This paper starts with a review of the prevailing channel-selection techniques utilized so far in the design of wireless transceiver analog front-ends before describing a novel two-step channel-selection technique, which handles the traditionally unwanted image, in radio frequency-to-intermediate frequency (RF-to-IF) or IF-to-RF frequency conversion, as a useful adjacent channel of the desired one, and selects deliberately either of them from IF to baseband (or baseband to IF). Thus, one more channel-selection possibility is created for both low-IF receivers and two-step-up transmitters. The consequential benefits of introducing channel selection at IF consist of two. First, many design specifications (such as phase noise and settling time) of the RF frequency synthesizer and local oscillator can be substantially relaxed. Second, a low-IF/zero-IF reconfigurable receiver and a direct-up/two-step-up reconfigurable transmitter can be synthesized to match better with narrowband-wideband-mixed multistandard systems. The operating principles of such architectures are presented in easy-to-understand complex-signal spectral-flow illustrations, and their practicability is demonstrated in the design of a Bluetooth/IEEE 802.11FH/HomeRF multistandard receiver. SPECTRE simulation results validate the reconfigurable functionalities mainly implemented by a triple-mode channel-select filter and a multifunctional sampling-mixer scheme.
Understanding High Diastereomeric Discrimination in Formation of Oligoribonucleotide Phosphorothioate Linkages: The First Study of pKa‐Dependent Activation in Solid‐Supported Coupling of 2′‐O‐Substituted Ribonucleoside Phosphoramidites (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of RNA Blood Biomarkers in the Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Program (2018)

There is a high misdiagnosis rate between Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the second most common parkinsonian syndrome. In our earlier studies, we identified and replicated RNA blood biomarkers in several independent cohorts, however, replication in a cohort that includes PSP patients has not yet been performed. To this end, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of nine previously identified RNA biomarkers using quantitative PCR assays in 138 blood samples at baseline from PD, PSP and healthy controls (HCs) nested in the PD Biomarkers Program. Linear discriminant analysis showed that <i>COPZ1</i> and <i>PTPN1</i> distinguished PD from PSP patients with 62.5% accuracy. Five biomarkers, <i>PTPN1</i>, <i>COPZ1</i>, <i>FAXDC2</i>, <i>SLC14A1s</i> and <i>NAMPT</i> were useful for distinguishing PSP from controls with 69% accuracy. Several biomarkers correlated with clinical features in PD patients. <i>SLC14A1-s</i> correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total and part III scores. In addition, <i>COPZ1</i>, <i>PTPN1</i> and <i>MLST8</i>, correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Interestingly, <i>COPZ1</i>, <i>EFTUD2</i> and <i>PTPN1</i> were downregulated in cognitively impaired (CI) compared to normal subjects. Linear discriminant analysis showed that age, <i>PTPN1</i>, <i>COPZ1</i>, <i>FAXDC2</i>, <i>EFTUD2</i> and <i>MLST8</i> distinguished CI from normal subjects with 65.9% accuracy. These results suggest that <i>COPZ1</i> and <i>PTPN1</i> are useful for distinguishing PD from PSP patients. In addition, the combination of <i>PTPN1</i>, <i>COPZ1</i>, <i>FAXDC2</i>, <i>EFTUD2</i> and <i>MLST8</i> is a useful signature for cognitive impairment. Evaluation of these biomarkers in a larger study will be a key to advancing these biomarkers into the clinic.
<title>Birefringent photonic crystal fiber with square lattice</title> (2004)

A square lattice photonic crystal fiber is described. The square lattice structures were fabricated, characterized and their polarization properties were investigated. The polarization properties of the fibers were not as strong as those reported previously in highly birefringent PCF, but these structures have considerable potential for high birefringence.
Recovery from "bad" user transactions (2006)

User written transaction code is responsible for the "C" in ACID transactions, i.e., taking the database from one consistent state to the next. However, user transactions can be flawed and lead to inconsistent (or invalid) states. Database systems usually correct invalid data using "point in time" recovery, a costly process that installs a backup and rolls it forward. The result is long outages and the "de-commit" of many valid transactions, which must then be re-submitted, frequently manually. We have implemented in our transaction-time database system a technique in which only data tainted by a flawed transaction and transactions dependent upon its updates are "removed". This process identifies and quarantines tainted data despite the complication of determining transactions dependent on data written by the flawed transaction. A further property of our implementation is that no backup needs to be installed for this because the prior transaction-time states provide an online backup.
Soft error protection using asymmetric response latches (1991)

A static latch design is analyzed whose single event upset (SEU) sensitivity is extremely dependent on its logic state. The authors employ a modification of a hardened static memory cell to construct an asymmetrical latch. Both the original and asymmetric latches are illustrated. The original idea was that resistors in the drain lines provide voltage division at the feedback point for p-drain strikes (or voltage transients). Proper choice of the resistor value relative to the on resistance of the n-channel transistor will insure that the feedback voltage can never reach the switch point of the opposite inverter, preventing cell upset for any p-drain transient. Such latches respond symmetrically with respect to logic state, displaying essential immunity to one SEU mechanism. A simple AND gate for two of these asymmetric response latches provides high-speed error correction for a single bit, and the combination represents a hardened logic element.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new system for vacuum deposition of refractory materials using an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma (1987)

We have successfully developed a technique utilizing an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma combined with a low-pressure deposition chamber for deposition of thin films. The equipment and method of operation are discussed. Refractory powders (Nb and Y2O3) were injected into the plasma and deposited as Nb and substoichiometric yttrium oxide, YO1.49, onto Fe and Cu substrates. The substoichiometric yttrium oxide deposit adhered well to the Fe and Cu substrates, while the Nb deposit adhered well to the Fe only. The Nb deposit on the Cu substrate flaked and peeled probably because of stresses induced from the thermal expansion mismatch between the Nb and Cu. Further studies will be undertaken to better understand the processes occurring in this type of plasma-coating system in order to optimize the instrumental parameters for particular coating applications.
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and cardiac toxicity of new 4-demethoxyanthracyclines. (1983)

The new anthracycline glycosides 4-demethoxy-4'-deoxydaunorubicin and 4-demethoxy-4'-O-methyldaunorubicin, synthesized by coupling 4-demethoxydaunomycinone with 1-chloro-derivatives of protected 4-O-methyl and 4-deoxydaunosamine derivatives, have been converted into the corresponding doxorubicin analogs. The new compounds have been compared for antitumor effect with the parent drugs and with the previously described 4-demethoxydaunorubicin, 4-demethoxy-4'-epidaunorubicin, and their doxorubicin analogs. All of the new analogs were more cytotoxic against HeLa cells in vitro and were more toxic and more potent in mice than the parent drugs. Comparison at optimal antitumor doses showed that the new analogs were as active as the parent drugs against ascitic P388 leukemia and disseminated Gross leukemia. They were also active when administered orally. The new doxorubicin analogs were slightly more active than doxorubicin against ascitic L1210 leukemia and were markedly more active against disseminated L1210 leukemia. In a parallel activity-cardiotoxicity test in C3H mice repeatedly treated iv, 4-demethoxydoxorubicin, 4-demethoxy-4'-epidoxorubicin, 4-demethoxy-4'-O-methyldoxorubicin, and 4-demethoxy-4'-deoxydoxorubicin showed antitumor activity against mammary carcinoma without inducing the typical myocardial lesions observed after doxorubicin treatment, 4-Demethoxy-4'-O-methyldoxorubicin, because of its high antitumor effectiveness, lack of cardiac toxicity in mice, and activity by the oral route, deserves further study.
ChemInform Abstract: A Recyclable Chiral Ru Catalyst for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis. Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Ring‐Opening/Cross Metathesis in Air. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Yesquel: scalable SQL storage for Web applications (2014)

Based on a brief history of the storage systems for Web applications, we motivate the need for a new storage system. We then describe the architecture of such a system, called Yesquel. Yesquel supports the SQL query language and offers performance similar to NOSQL storage systems.
A Communication Interface Using Vesicles Embedded with Channel Forming Proteins in Molecular Communication (2007)

This paper describes design and empirically study of a communication interface in molecular communication. The communication interface hides the characteristics of the molecules during the propagation from the sender to a receiver to allow a generic transport of molecules independent of the characte
Multiresolution statistical analysis of high-resolution digital mammograms (1997)

A multiresolution statistical method for identifying clinically normal tissue in digitized mammograms is used to construct an algorithm for separating normal regions from potentially abnormal regions; that is, small regions that may contain isolated calcifications. This is the initial phase of the development of a general method for the automatic recognition of normal mammograms. The first step is to decompose the image with a wavelet expansion that yields a sum of independent images, each containing different levels of image detail. When calcifications are present, there is strong empirical evidence that only some of the image components are necessary for the purpose of detecting a deviation from normal. The underlying statistic for each of the selected expansion components can be modeled with a simple parametric probability distribution function. This function serves as an instrument for the development of a statistical test that allows for the recognition of normal tissue regions. The distribution function depends on only one parameter, and this parameter itself has an underlying statistical distribution. The values of this parameter define a summary statistic that can be used to set detection error rates. Once the summary statistic is determined, spatial filters that are matched to resolution are applied independently to each selected expansion image. Regions of the image that correlate with the normal statistical model are discarded and regions in disagreement (suspicious areas) are flagged. These results are combined to produce a detection output image consisting only of suspicious areas. This type of detection output is amenable to further processing that may ultimately lead to a fully automated algorithm for the identification of normal mammograms.
GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptors: Diversity and its Implications for CNS Disease (1999)

Recent advances in the molecular biology of GABA A receptors is described along with the impact of these advances on drug design for this family of receptors. The receptor molecular structure is described with particular emphasis on the sites to which the transmitter GABA and modulatory drugs, such as the benzodiazepines, bind. The relationship of subunit structure to the electrophysiological properties of GABA A receptors is detailed with emphasis on the functional subtyping of GABA A receptor responses. The behavioral pharmacological results of knockout and knockin models are described, along with the effects of specific drugs on sleep, anxiety, and learning in normal animals.
Polyimides Containing Silver Trifluoroacetylacetonate (1994)

Mechanically strong, flexible, thermally stable, electrically conductive films and coatings suitable for use in electronics industry made by incorporating silver trifluoroacetylacetonate into linear aromatic condensation polyimides. In experimental films, most successful combinations of flexibility and conductivity obtained by use of 1:1, 1:1.74, and 1:2 mole ratios of silver trifluoroacetylacetonate per polyimide repeat unit. Other concentrations of silver trifluoroacetylacetonate used with different heat-treatment schedules to obtain conductive silver-impregnated films.
Oxidation of cyclic ketones by hydrogen peroxide catalysed by Group 6 metal peroxo complexes (1978)

Molybdenum peroxo complexes stabilized by picolinato and pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylato ligands catalyse oxidation of cyclic ketones by H2O2 to lactones and their derivatives; this represents a catalytic analogue of the Baeyer–Villiger reaction.
A novel method of improving transition delay fault coverage using multiple scan enable signals (2006)

We propose a novel delay test method for achieving higher delay fault coverage. Multiple scan enable signals are used none of which require the ability to switch at-speed between launch and capture cycles.
Superior Efficacy with Ivermectin 1% Cream Compared to Metronidazole 0.75% Cream Contributes to a Better Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Papulopustular Rosacea: A Subanalysis of the Randomized, Investigator-Blinded ATTRACT Study (2016)

Galderma R&D.
Removal of Zinc and Cadmium Ions Using a Cross-linked Polyaminophosphonate (2013)

A cross-linked polyzwitterionic acid (CPZA) containing aminophosphonic acid motifs was synthesized via cyclocopolymerization of diallylaminomethylphosphonic acid and cross-linker 1,1,4,4-tetraallylpiperazinium dichloride (10 mol%) using tert-butylhydroperoxide as the initiator. The CPZA upon treatment with NaOH was converted to a cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (CAPE 5). The adsorption of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on CAPE 5 showed that the experimental data fit the Lagergren second-order kinetic model and Langmuir, as well as Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity of Zn2+ was found to be higher than that of Cd2+, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The low activation energy of 11.3 and 9.3 kJ/mol for Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively indicated the adsorptions as a favorable process. The resin demonstrated excellent adsorption efficiency in removing the metal ions from aqueous solution.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(<i>N</i>‐vinyl formamide) hydrogels—A potential alternative to polyacrylamide hydrogels (2012)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of solution‐cast, molded gels of N ‐vinyl formamide (NVF) has not been previously reported even though NVF is an isomer of acrylamide (AAm) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels have many commercial applications. Aqueous NVF solutions were cross‐linked into gels using a novel cross‐linker, 2‐( N ‐vinylformamido)ethylether, and the thermally‐activated initiator VA‐044. For a given formulation, PNVF gels swell up to twice that of PAAm gels cross‐linked with N , N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide. From swelling and compression measurements, PNVF gels were found to be more hydrophilic than PAAm gels. Flory‐Huggins solubility parameters were χ = 0.38ϕ 2 + 0.48 for PNVF and χ = 0.31ϕ 2 + 0.49 for PAAm, where ϕ 2 is the polymer volume fraction. The shear moduli for PNVF and PAAm scale with ϕ and ϕ respectively, consistent with good solvent behavior, also suggesting PNVF is more hydrophilic than PAAm. Similarity of mechanical properties for both gels as a function of ϕ 2 suggests that network structures of PNVF and PAAm gels are similar. Fracture strains of both gels declined with ϕ 2 by the same linear function while fracture stresses were about 500 kPa regardless of formulation. Since NVF is a liquid monomer, less toxic than AAm and can be hydrolyzed to a cationic form, PNVF gels could become technologically significant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Computer Structuring of Free-Text Patient Data (2005)

This paper will describe ongoing work on developing a computer representation of the information in patient narrative for mapping into a database. Previous papers reported on the design of the database and pilot applications of the system. This paper describes the steps in the text-processing, with particular emphasis on the modules that introduce semantic (i.e. medical) information into the analysis.
Single-Tunnel Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Anatomical Placement of Hamstring Tendon Graft (2010)

Single-tunnel double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with anatomical placement of hamstring tendon graft could provide improved clinical outcomes over a conventional single-bundle reconstruction.
Polarization: Beneficial for visibility enhancement? (2009)

When imaging in scattering media there is a need to enhance visibility. Some approaches have used polarized images in this context with apparent success. These methods take advantage of the fact that the path radiance (air light) is partially polarized. However, mounting a polarizer attenuates the signal associated with the object. This attenuation degrades the image quality. Thus, a question arises: is the use of a polarizer worth the mentioned loss? The ability to see objects is limited by noise. Therefore, in this work we analyze the change in signal to noise ratio (SNR) following the use of a polarizer or a dehazing process. Typically, methods use either one polarized image (with minimum path radiance) or two polarized images corresponding to extrema of the path radiance. We show that if the only goal is signal discrimination over noise (and not color or radiance recovery) in haze, the use of polarization in both approaches is unnecessary: polarization rarely improves the SNR over an average of unpolarized images acquired under the same acquisition time. Nevertheless, under a single frame constraint, the use of a single polarized image is beneficial.
3,7-Bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>′]difuran-2,6-dione Dicyanides with Engineered Side Chains for Unipolar n-Type Transistors (2019)

Air-stable solution-processable unipolar n-type organic semiconductors are highly desired in the field of organic thin film transistors as n-type transistors are indispensable components in low-power-consumption complementary integrated circuits. The present work seeks to address this issue and describes the synthesis of two dicyano-substituted bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzodifurandione (BOIBDD) derivatives with engineered alkyl side chains for n-type transistors. Two kinds of side chains are used in this study: 2-hexyldecyl (C16H33) and 3-hexylundecyl (C17H35). Surprisingly, the small structural difference between side chains induced remarkable differences in the physical properties and electronic performance of the BOIBDD derivatives. In addition, cyano substitution into the backbone of BOIBDD derivatives was shown to be effective at lowering the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of BOIBDD derivatives to obtain unipolar n-type materials. Compared with fluorine substitution, cyano substitution was readily realized by a simple and straightforward reaction using cheap CuCN as a cyanation reagent. Both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have confirmed that the BOIBDD derivative with 3-hexylundecyl side chains tended to form highly crystalline structures in the solid state. More interestingly, thermal annealing of this compound at a temperature as low as 75 °C, well below its melting point of 305 °C, can still further improve its crystallinity and thus significantly increase its electron mobility by 43 times to 0.1 cm2 V–1 s–1 in air. The insight gained from this study will shed some light on the design of new air-stable high-performance n-type organic semiconductors.
Structural Basis of TLR2/TLR1 Activation by the Synthetic Agonist Diprovocim (2019)

Diprovocim is a recently discovered exceptionally potent, synthetic small molecule agonist of TLR2/TLR1 and has shown significant adjuvant activity in anticancer vaccination against murine melanoma. Since Diprovocim bears no structural similarity to the canonical lipopeptide ligands of TLR2/TLR1, we investigated how Diprovocim interacts with TLR2/TLR1 through in vitro biophysical, structural, and computational approaches. We found that Diprovocim induced the formation of TLR2/TLR1 heterodimers as well as TLR2 homodimers in vitro. We determined the crystal structure of Diprovocim in a complex with a TLR2 ectodomain, which revealed, unexpectedly, two Diprovocim molecules bound to the ligand binding pocket formed between two TLR2 ectodomains. Extensive hydrophobic interactions and a hydrogen-bonding network between the protein and Diprovocim molecules are observed within the defined ligand binding pocket and likely underlie the high potency of Diprovocim. Our work shed first light into the activation mechanism of TLR2/TLR1 by a noncanonical agonist. The structural information obtained here may be exploited to manipulate TLR2/TLR1-dependent signaling.
Preliminary study of TV-constrained-likelihood-maximization image reconstruction from list-mode TOF-PET data (2016)

Time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential to yield images with improved quality by comparison to conventional PET. Numerous iterative algorithms have been investigated for image reconstruction in TOF-PET. In this work, we investigate optimization based image reconstruction from list-mode TOF-PET data collected with a digital PET system under clinical evaluation. Specifically, the reconstruction problem is formulated as an image-TV-constrained data-likelihood-maximization program. We then tailor a primal-dual algorithm to reconstruct the image through solving the problem. In an attempt to evaluate the reconstruction design, we have performed investigation on reconstructions from list-mode TOF-PET data in real-data study in which data were collected from the standard IEC phantom by use of the digital PET system. Results reveal that the proposed algorithm yields image reconstruction with improved image quality in terms of visualization and standard quantitative metrics, than does the conventional reconstruction algorithm under the study conditions.