gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR Imaging Features of the Cerebellum in Adult-Onset Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease: 8 Cases (2017)

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions. A high-intensity signal along the corticomedullary junction on DWI has been described as a specific MR imaging finding of the cerebrum in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. However, MR imaging findings of the cerebellum in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease have not been fully evaluated. Here, we review MR imaging findings of the cerebellum in a series of 8 patients with pathologically confirmed neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. The MR imaging results showed cerebellar atrophy (8/8 patients) and high-intensity signal on FLAIR images in the medial part of the cerebellar hemisphere right beside the vermis (the "paravermal area") (6/8) and in the middle cerebellar peduncle (4/8). The paravermal abnormal signals had a characteristic distribution, and they could be an indicator of the diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease even when using the results of past MR imaging examinations in which DWI findings were not examined.
An Expanded Heterologous <i>GAL</i> Promoter Collection for Diauxie-Inducible Expression in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2018)

The GAL promoters are applied in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to control gene expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In gal80Δ background strains, they show diauxie-inducible expression, a feature beneficial in metabolic pathway optimization. However, only a limited number of GAL promoters have been characterized and are available for engineering purposes. Multiple uses of the same promoters can result in genetic instability in engineered strains due to homologous recombination. Here, 11 GAL1/2 promoters from other Saccharomyces species were isolated and characterized in S. cerevisiae. They exhibited diauxie-inducible expression patterns with low strength in exponential growth phase and induction in the ethanol growth phase. These promoters represent an expansion to the collection of GAL promoters available for genetic engineering in S. cerevisiae, including an increased diversity of expression levels. This provides the capacity for increased numbers of genetic manipulations with a lower risk of genetic instability.
Formative evaluation of an adaptive game for engaging learners of programming concepts in K-12 (2018)

As the global demand for programmers is soaring, several countries have integrated programming into their K-12 curricula. Finding effective ways to engage children in programming education is an important objective. One effective method for this can be presenting learning materials via games, which are known to increase engagement and motivation. Current programming education games often focus on a single genre and offer one-size-fits-all experience to heterogeneous learners. In this study, we presented Minerva, a multi-genre (adventure, action, puzzle) game to engage elementary school students in learning programming concepts. The game content is adapted to play and learning styles of the player to personalize the gameplay. We conducted a formative mixed-method evaluation of Minerva with 32 Korean 6th grade students who played the game and compared their learning outcomes with 32 6th grade students who studied the same concepts using handouts. The results indicated that, in terms of retention, learning was equally effective in both groups. Furthermore, the game was shown to facilitate engagement among the students. These results, together with uncovered issues, will guide Minerva’s further development.
Degradation analysis method based on regression time series model under equal and unequal variances (2011)

A degradation analysis method based on regression time series model is presented. The degradation path expressed by the linear, exponential and power laws are discussed in detail, respectively. For linear path, a linear regression—autoregression model under equal variances is given. And for exponential and power path, a heteroscedastic quasi-linear regression—autoregression model is established, since the path linearization leads the random errors with unequal variances. During the quasi-linearization of exponential and power path, an approximate process based on Taylor expansion is presented to obtain the error variance function over time. For the above regression—autoregression models, both conditional and exact maximum likelihood method of model parameters are discussed, particularly for simple and practical first-order models. After model parameter estimate, the failure probability is forecasted for the given threshold value. In these methods, regression can grasp the degradation trend in long term which is the main part of the degradation process, and time series can model the residual part that cannot be fully explained by the independent variables in regression and that is caused by pure randomicity. As regression and time series respectively have forecast precision advantage respectively in long and short term, the presented method is helpful to make good decision in PHM of products.
High-throughput sequence alignment using Graphics Processing Units (2007)

MUMmerGPU is a low cost, ultra-fast sequence alignment program designed to handle the increasing volume of data produced by new, high-throughput sequencing technologies. MUMmerGPU demonstrates that even memory-intensive applications can run significantly faster on the relatively low-cost GPU than on the CPU.
Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans (2020)

Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Development of an Interactive Video Installation Based on Zhuangzi's Butterfly Dream (2011)

디지털 아트의 한 영역으로써 인터렉티브 비디오는 관객이 특정한 관점에서 비디오 공간에 비춰지는 매체적 특성상 거울의 효과가 하나의 비유로써 도입된 바 있으며 이는 미디어의 본질에 접근하는 담론을 자극하였다. 본 논문에서 소개되는 인터렉티브 비디오 작품은 이러한 담론의 연장선에서 개념적으로는 장자의 나비의 꿈에서 나타나는 사상에 기초하며 기술적으로는 컴퓨터 비젼을 이용하여 명암 처리를 통해 관객의 실루엣을 얻음으로써 다수의 그래픽 나비 개체가 이를 추상적으로 그리게 한다. 관객은 그래픽 공간에 투영된 자신의 이미지와 상호작용하면서 내러티브를 생산하게 된다. 시스템에 사운드를 도입하여 공간감을 증강시키고 추가적인 내러티브를 생산할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 작품에서 도입된 컴퓨터 비젼 기법과 개체의 자율행동 및 군집운동 메카니즘에 의한 그래픽 생성이 인터렉티브 비디오를 구현하는 하나의 방식으로 제시된다.
Rapid Discrete Fracture Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Development in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2013)

URTeC 1582243 Hydraulic fracture simulation is essential to safe, efficient, and productive development of many unconventional resources, including shale gas and oil, tight sands, and increasingly, even fractured carbonates. Hydraulic fracture propagation geometry, and the geometry of both inflated and reactivated (sheared) natural fractures, can be difficult to predict due to their complex interaction with the natural faults and fractures, the mechanical properties of surrounding formations, and the in situ stress field. This paper presents a Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) algorithm, which provides a full, three dimensional assessment of hydraulic fracture and reactivated natural fracture geometry, including both the interaction with the pre-existing geologic setting, and also the interactions which occur between adjacent or simultaneous hydraulic fractures. This approach is rapid, flexible, and convenient, and can be used directly for hydraulic fracture design, resource assessment, and permitting. The approach is limited by the use of semi-empirical algorithms. However, these algorithms can be tuned and verified based on calibration to in situ measurements from production, microseismic imaging, and tomographic fracture imaging. In addition, the algorithms can be refined by comparison to more computationally intensive distinct element simulation methods.
Transgenic mouse model expressing P53(R172H), luciferase, EGFP, and KRAS(G12D) in a single open reading frame for live imaging of tumor (2015)

Genetically engineered mouse cancer models allow tumors to be imaged in vivo via co-expression of a reporter gene with a tumor-initiating gene. However, differential transcriptional and translational regulation between the tumor-initiating gene and the reporter gene can result in inconsistency between the actual tumor size and the size indicated by the imaging assay. To overcome this limitation, we developed a transgenic mouse in which two oncogenes, encoding P53R172H and KRASG12D, are expressed together with two reporter genes, encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase, in a single open reading frame following Cre-mediated DNA excision. Systemic administration of adenovirus encoding Cre to these mice induced specific transgene expression in the liver. Repeated bioluminescence imaging of the mice revealed a continuous increase in the bioluminescent signal over time. A strong correlation was found between the bioluminescent signal and actual tumor size. Interestingly, all liver tumors induced by P53R172H and KRASG12D in the model were hepatocellular adenomas. The mouse model was also used to trace cell proliferation in the epidermis via live fluorescence imaging. We anticipate that the transgenic mouse model will be useful for imaging tumor development in vivo and for investigating the oncogenic collaboration between P53R172H and KRASG12D.
Dirichlet component analysis (2008)

We consider feature extraction (dimensionality reduction) for compositional data, where the data vectors are constrained to be positive and constant-sum. In real-world problems, the data components (variables) usually have complicated "correlations" while their total number is huge. Such scenario demands feature extraction. That is, we shall de-correlate the components and reduce their dimensionality. Traditional techniques such as the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) are not suitable for these problems due to unique statistical properties and the need to satisfy the constraints in compositional data. This paper presents a novel approach to feature extraction for compositional data. Our method first identifies a family of dimensionality reduction projections that preserve all relevant constraints, and then finds the optimal projection that maximizes the estimated Dirichlet precision on projected data. It reduces the compositional data to a given lower dimensionality while the components in the lower-dimensional space are de-correlated as much as possible. We develop theoretical foundation of our approach, and validate its effectiveness on some synthetic and real-world datasets.
Hydrologic Remote Sensing and Land Surface Data Assimilation (2008)

Accurate, reliable and skillful forecasting of key environmental variables such as soil moisture and snow are of paramount importance due to their strong influence on many water resources applications including flood control, agricultural production and effective water resources management which collectively control the behavior of the climate system. Soil moisture is a key state variable in land surface-atmosphere interactions affecting surface energy fluxes, runoff and the radiation balance. Snow processes also have a large influence on land-atmosphere energy exchanges due to snow high albedo, low thermal conductivity and considerable spatial and temporal variability resulting in the dramatic change on surface and ground temperature. Measurement of these two variables is possible through variety of methods using ground-based and remote sensing procedures. Remote sensing, however, holds great promise for soil moisture and snow measurements which have considerable spatial and temporal variability. Merging these measurements with hydrologic model outputs in a systematic and effective way results in an improvement of land surface model prediction. Data Assimilation provides a mechanism to combine these two sources of estimation. Much success has been attained in recent years in using data from passive microwave sensors and assimilating them into the models. This paper provides an overview of the remote sensing measurement techniques for soil moisture and snow data and describes the advances in data assimilation techniques through the ensemble filtering, mainly Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and Particle filter (PF), for improving the model prediction and reducing the uncertainties involved in prediction process. It is believed that PF provides a complete representation of the probability distribution of state variables of interests (according to sequential Bayes law) and could be a strong alternative to EnKF which is subject to some limitations including the linear updating rule and assumption of jointly normal distribution of errors in state variables and observation.
Bridging the Gap: Development of the Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Alignment Model (2017)

Partnerships are increasingly considered to have the potential to address societal problems that one single actor cannot solve. This paper rationalises the development of partnerships between entrepreneurs and non-profit organisations by the effects of its alignment. In organisations, the process of alignment focuses on the activities that management perform to achieve cohesive goals (e.g., finance, marketing, sales, human resources). Whereas in an entrepreneurial philanthropy partnership, the stage of alignment maturity addresses both how the opted societal change is in harmony with the entrepreneurial approach and how this approach can be in harmony with societal change. This approach is deemed crucial in understanding how the two partners can translate their views on leadership, strategy, and culture into opportunities that enhance their impact. Theoretical researches have provided foundations for identifying dimensions of the conceptual Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Alignment Model (EPAM) that might strengthen the impact of a partnership between an entrepreneur and a non-profit organisation.
Pengaruh Sikap, Norma Subjektif, Efikasi Diri, Presepsi Kontrol Perilaku Terhadap Niat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro (2023)

This study aims to determine the effect of Attitude, Subjective Norm, Self-Efficacy, Perception of Behavioral Control on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Metro. The method used in this research is an explanatory survey with a quantitative approach. The explanatory survey method is used to predict and explain the relationship or influence of one variable to another. By using primary data which is done by collecting data through observation and questionnaires. With a total sample of 94 respondents taken from two undergraduate majors at the Faculty of Economics and Business from a total population of 1470. Sampling technique Non-probability Sampling with purposive sampling method, using the 10% solvin formula. The results of this study indicate that subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control have a significant and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, while attitudes and self-efficacy have no and no significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Metro.
Experimental evidence for parity-based 2<i>e</i>periodicity in a superconducting single-electron tunneling transistor (1992)

We present experimental current-voltage (I-V) measurements on an Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al single-electron tunneling transistor in the superconducting state. We observe a variety of features which result from Cooper-pair tunneling processes. At low bias voltages and low temperatures we find that the I-V curve is 2e periodic with respect to the gate-induced charge. Remarkably, this periodicity persists up to 300 mK, a behavior which we interpret as strong evidence of an incremental free energy which depends on whether the number of electrons on the superconducting island is even or odd.
Three-dimensional visualization of arsenic aggregates in porous media (2011)

In order to investigate the change of internal structure of porous media caused by arsenic deposition,the X-ray difference micro-tomography was used to characterize the distribution of arsenic aggregates in porous media by scanning arsenic samples prepared in the laboratory and arsenic-rich fluvial sediments from Rio Loa in Chile.After image processing,background noise in the tomograms was reduced and arsenic information was enhanced.Then the processed images were used to generate 3D spatial distribution datasets of arsenic in the media.Tools like Avizo 6 and Blob3D were used to reconstruct and visualize these 3D datasets.3D visualization showed that arsenic accumulated in the pore space and grain surface,arsenic aggregates with different sizes had distinctly different morphologies,that is small aggregates tended to be spherical while big aggregates were relatively flat.The research results show that the X-ray difference micro-tomography can be used to observe the pre-and post-deposition structures of porous media and has no any destruction to the samples.
Photochemical internalization of bleomycin for glioma treatment (2012)

We study the use of photochemical internalization (PCI) for enhancing chemotherapeutic response to malignant glioma cells in vitro. Two models are studied: monolayers consisting of F98 rat glioma cells and human glioma spheroids established from biopsy-derived glioma cells. In both cases, the cytotoxicity of aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a)-based PCI of bleomycin was compared to AlPcS(2a)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy alone. Monolayers and spheroids were incubated with AlPcS(2a) (PDT effect), bleomycin (chemotherapy effect), or AlPcS(2a)+bleomycin (PCI effect) and were illuminated (670 nm). Toxicity was evaluated using colony formation assays or spheroid growth kinetics. F98 cells in monolayer/spheroids were not particularly sensitive to the effects of low radiant exposure (1.5 J/cm(2) @ 5 mW/cm(2)) AlPcS(2a)-PDT. Bleomycin was moderately toxic to F98 cells in monolayer at relatively low concentrations-incubation of F98 cells in 0.1 μg/ml for 4 h resulted in 80% survival, but less toxic in human glioma spheroids respectively. In both in vitro systems investigated, a significant PCI effect is seen. PCI using 1.5 J/cm(2) together with 0.25 μg/ml bleomycin resulted in approximately 20% and 18% survival of F98 rat glioma cells and human glioma spheroids, respectively. These results show that AlPcS(2a)-mediated PCI can be used to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin in malignant gliomas.
Multi-Layer Event Trace Analysis for Parallel I/O Performance Tuning (2007)

The complexity of parallel I/O systems lies in the deep I/O stack with many software layers and concurrent I/O request handling at multiple layers. This paper explores multi-layer event tracing and analysis to pinpoint the system layers responsible for performance problems. Our approach follows two principles: 1) collect generic (layer- independent) events and I/O characteristics to ease the analysis on cross-layer I/O characteristics evolution; 2) perform bottom-up trace analysis to take advantage of the relatively easy anomaly identification at lower system layers. Our empirical case study discovered root causes for several anomalous performance behaviors of MPI-IO applications running on a parallel file system. First, we detect an anomaly with the asynchronous I/O implementation in the GNU C runtime library. Additionally, we find that concurrent I/O from multiple MPI processes may induce frequent disk seek/rotation and thus degrade the I/O efficiency. We also point out that lack of asynchronous support at the parallel file system client side may result in inefficiency for fine-grained writes. Using an aggressive I/O prefetching strategy and a corrected asynchronous I/O implementation, we achieve 39-156% read I/O throughput improvement for four out of five applications that we experimented.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Activation/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Phosphaisocoumarins and Phosphorous 2‐Pyrones (2013)

Rhodium-catalyzed cyclization of phosphinic acids and phosphonic monoesters with alkynes has been developed. The oxidative annulation proceeds with complete conversion of phosphinic acid derivatives and allowed the atom-economic preparation of useful phosphaisocoumarins with high yield and selectivity. The reaction is tolerant of extensive substitution on the phosphinic acid, phosphonic monoester and alkyne, including halides, ketone, and hydroxyl groups as substituents. Furthermore, we found that alkenylphosphonic monoesters proceed to give a wide range of phosphorus 2-pyrones through oxidative annulation with alkynes. Mechanistic studies revealed that C-H bond metalation was the rate-limiting step.
Evidence That Differences in Fructosamine-3-Kinase Activity May Be Associated With the Glycation Gap in Human Diabetes (2017)

The phenomenon of a discrepancy between glycated hemoglobin levels and other indicators of average glycemia may be due to many factors but can be measured as the glycation gap (GGap). This GGap is associated with differences in complications in patients with diabetes and may possibly be explained by dissimilarities in deglycation in turn leading to altered production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We hypothesized that variations in the level of the deglycating enzyme fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) might be associated with the GGap. We measured erythrocyte FN3K concentrations and enzyme activity in a population dichotomized for a large positive or negative GGap. FN3K protein was higher and we found a striking threefold greater activity (323%) at any given FN3K protein level in the erythrocytes of the negative-GGap group compared with the positive-GGap group. This was associated with lower AGE levels in the negative-GGap group (79%), lower proinflammatory adipokines (leptin-to-adiponectin ratio) (73%), and much lower prothrombotic PAI-1 levels (19%). We conclude that FN3K may play a key role in the GGap and thus diabetes complications such that FN3K may be a potential predictor of the risk of diabetes complications. Pharmacological modifications of its activity may provide a novel approach to their prevention.