gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of optical orbital angular momentum by Vogel spiral arrays of metallic nanoparticles (2012)

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate structured light carrying multiple values of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the farfield scattering region of Vogel spiral arrays of metallic nanoparticles. Using Fourier-Hankel mode decomposition analysis and interferometric reconstruction of the complex amplitude of scattered waves, we show the ability to encode well-defined numerical sequences, determined by the aperiodic spiral geometry, into azimuthal OAM values, in excellent agreement with analytical scattering theory. The generation of azimuthal sequences of OAM values by light scattering from engineered aperiodic surfaces is relevant to a number of device applications for secure optical communication, classical cryptography, and quantum cryptography.
Synthesis, characterization, and coating applications of chlorinated hydroxyrubber (1994)

Abstract Chlorinated hydroxyrubber has been synthesized via the chlorination of hydroxylated liquid natural rubber. The formulation examples and coatings properties of two‐component chlorinated hydroxyrubber polyurethane coatings are described. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wavelength-reused ONUs for next-generation optical WDM/OFDMA-PON (2012)

In this paper, we discuss recent progress in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based passive optical networks (PON) in a wavelength-reused optical network unit (ONU). To fully regenerate the uplink OFDMA and avoid large bandwidth of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), a coherent receiver with selected sub-band technique is demonstrated.
Discovery and preclinical characterization of [18F]PI-2620, a next-generation tau PET tracer for the assessment of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies (2019)

Therefore, [<sup>18</sup>F]PI-2620 was selected for clinical validation.
Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis (2014)

Tumors from patients with high-grade aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit increased expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Despite the association between MAOA and aggressive PCa, it is unclear how MAOA promotes PCa progression. Here, we found that MAOA functions to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stabilize the transcription factor HIF1α, which mediates hypoxia through an elevation of ROS, thus enhancing growth, invasiveness, and metastasis of PCa cells. Knockdown and overexpression of MAOA in human PCa cell lines indicated that MAOA induces EMT through activation of VEGF and its coreceptor neuropilin-1. MAOA-dependent activation of neuropilin-1 promoted AKT/FOXO1/TWIST1 signaling, allowing FOXO1 binding at the TWIST1 promoter. Importantly, the MAOA-dependent HIF1α/VEGF-A/FOXO1/TWIST1 pathway was activated in high-grade PCa specimens, and knockdown of MAOA reduced or even eliminated prostate tumor growth and metastasis in PCa xenograft mouse models. Pharmacological inhibition of MAOA activity also reduced PCa xenograft growth in mice. Moreover, high MAOA expression in PCa tissues correlated with worse clinical outcomes in PCa patients. These findings collectively characterize the contribution of MAOA in PCa pathogenesis and suggest that MAOA has potential as a therapeutic target in PCa.
Phytoremediation of an Arsenic-Contaminated Site Using<i>Pteris vittata</i>L.: A Two-Year Study (2006)

A field study was conducted to determine the efficiency of Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.), an arsenic hyperaccumulator, on removal of arsenic from soil at an arsenic-contaminated site. Chinese brake ferns were planted on a site previously used to treat wood with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Arsenic concentrations in surface and profile soil samples were determined for 2000, 2001, and 2002. In both 2001 and 2002, senesced and senescing fronds only, as well as all fronds, were harvested. Frond arsenic concentrations were not significantly different between the three harvests. Compared to senesced fronds, live fronds resulted in the greatest amount of arsenic removal. There were no significant differences in soil arsenic concentrations between 2000, 2001, and 2002, primarily due to the extreme variability in soil arsenic concentrations. However, the mean surface soil arsenic was reduced from 190 to 140 mg kg(-1). Approximately 19.3 g of arsenic were removed from the soil by Chinese brake fern. Therefore, this fern is capable of accumulating arsenic from the CCA -contaminated site and may be competitive, in terms of cost, to conventional remediation systems. However, better agronomic practices are needed to enhance plant growth and arsenic uptake to obtain maximum soil arsenic removal and to minimize remediation time.
MiR‐Score: A novel 6‐microRNA signature that predicts survival outcomes in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (2014)

This study has identified a novel 6-microRNA signature (miR-Score) that can accurately predict prognosis of MPM patients.
IN ALLOY DESIGN PROGRAM FOR NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS (1988)

A series of phase calculation equations for Y and Y' phases in nickelbase superalloys was established by regression analysis on the EPMA data obtained from 30 experimental or commercial alloys together with data from a Ni-Al binary phase diagram. By using these equations, an accurate calculation of 'Y/Y' equilibrium, at 9OOC, was made possible for various compositions of alloys, from Ni-Al binary to Ni-Co-Cr-Mo-W-Al-Ti-Nb-Ta-Hf-Re multi-component alloys. These phase calculation equations were substituted for those having been used in our alloy design program to extend the applicable composition range and to improve the accuracy of phase and property calculations of the program. Furthermore, a calculation equation for creep rupture life of SC alloys was established and adapted to the program. Using this new version of alloy design, the phase and property were successfully calculated for various types of 'Y' precipitation hardening nickel-base superalloys.
A Novel Approach To Classify Cloud Entities: Universal Cloud Classification (UCC) (2015)

One of the fundamental requirements of Cloud Computing is the capability to provide scalable, transparent and isolated networks. This is achieved by using L2 segmentation via 802.1Q VLANs or overlay approaches such as 802.1ad, VxLAN, "Stateless Transport Tunneling" (STT) or "Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation" (NVGRE). All of these technologies struggle to provide the required level of scalability, flexibility, performance and network isolation within a Data Center. Research efforts in the area of classification have fundamentally approached these challenges by introducing identifiers for segmentation or providing overlay solutions to tunnel traffic. However, these research approaches are too specific without tackling the actual Cloud Computing classification challenges. Here, we investigate classification approaches with the goal of introducing a scalable, optional, hierarchical, end-to-end and transparent Layer 3 provider, service and tenant isolation scheme.This proposal addresses major challenges and limitations of current cloud classification schemes by offering these five advantages: (1) hierarchical end-to-end classification, (2) transparency to upper-layer protocols, (3) optional for en-route and endpoint evaluation, (4) flexibility, and (5) improved performance over current overlay technologies. The solution proposal will be implemented and evaluated based on its feasibility, functionality, performance and usability in cloud-related use-cases.
Precise segmentation of the left atrium in C-arm CT volumes with applications to atrial fibrillation ablation (2012)

A patient-specific left atrium (LA) model extracted from intra-operative C-arm CT plays an important role in planning for transcatheter left atrial fibrillation ablation. Overlaying the LA model onto 2D fluoroscopic images provides valuable visual guidance during the intervention. However, automatic segmentation of the LA, together with the left atrial appendage (LAA) and the pulmonary vein (PV) trunks, is challenging due to the large structural variations and imaging artifacts. In this paper we exploit a part based LA model to handle the structural variations and different parts are then merged into a consolidated mesh. The connection region between the PV/LAA and the LA chamber is segmented precisely by enforcing both image boundary delineation accuracy and mesh smoothness. Furthermore, the boundary between parts is optimized to improve the mesh part labeling accuracy.
Low-coherence vibration insensitive Fizeau interferometer (2006)

An on-axis, vibration insensitive, polarization Fizeau interferometer is realized through the use of a novel pixelated mask spatial carrier phase shifting technique in conjunction with a low coherence source and a polarization delay-line. In this arrangement, coherence is used to effectively separate out the orthogonally polarized test and reference beam components for interference. With both the test and the reference beams on-axis, the common path cancellation advantages of the Fizeau interferometer are maintained. The interferometer has the unique ability to isolate and measure any surface that is substantially normal to the optical axis of the cavity. Additionally, stray light interference is substantially reduced due to the source's short coherence. An expression for the fringe visibility on-axis is derived and compared with that of a standard Fizeau. Using a 15 mW source, the maximum camera shutter speed, used when measuring a 4% reflector, was 150 usec, resulting in very robust vibration insensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate the measurement of both sides of a thin glass plate without the need to modify the plate between measurements. Experimental results show the performance of this new interferometer to be within the specifications of commercial phase shifting interferometers.
Comparison of the Functional Characteristics of the Nucleotide Binding Domains of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (2000)

Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1) transports diverse organic anionic conjugates and confers resistance to cytotoxic xenobiotics. The protein contains two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) with features characteristic of members of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily and exhibits basal ATPase activity that can be stimulated by certain substrates. It is not known whether the two NBDs of MRP1 are functionally equivalent. To investigate this question, we have used a baculovirus dual expression vector encoding both halves of MRP1 to reconstitute an active transporter and have compared the ability of each NBD to be photoaffinity-labeled with 8-azido-[(32)P]ATP and to trap 8-azido-[(32)P]ADP in the presence of orthovanadate. We found that NBD1 was preferentially labeled with 8-azido-[(32)P]ATP, while trapping of 8-azido-[(32)P]ADP occurred predominantly at NBD2. Although trapping at NBD2 was dependent on co-expression of both halves of MRP1, binding of 8-azido-ATP by NBD1 remained detectable when the NH(2)-proximal half of MRP1 was expressed alone and when NBD1 was expressed as a soluble polypeptide. Mutation of the conserved Walker A lysine 684 or creation of an insertion mutation between Walker A and B motifs eliminated binding by NBD1 and all detectable trapping of 8-azido-ADP at NBD2. Both mutations decreased leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) transport by approximately 70%. Mutation of the NBD2 Walker A lysine 1333 eliminated trapping of 8-azido-ADP by NBD2 but, in contrast to the mutations in NBD1, essentially eliminated LTC(4) transport activity without affecting labeling of NBD1 with 8-azido-[(32)P]ATP.
Detection of mutations in transgenic fish carrying a bacteriophage λ <i>cII</i> transgene target (2000)

To address the dual needs for improved methods to assess potential health risks associated with chemical exposure in aquatic environments and for new models for in vivo mutagenesis studies, we developed transgenic fish that carry multiple copies of a bacteriophage lambda vector that harbors the cII gene as a mutational target. We adapted a forward mutation assay, originally developed for lambda transgenic rodents, to recover cII mutants efficiently from fish genomic DNA by lambda in vitro packaging. After infecting and plating phage on a hfl- bacterial host, cII mutants were detected under selective conditions. We demonstrated that many fundamental features of mutation analyses based on lambda transgenic rodents are shared by transgenic fish. Spontaneous mutant frequencies, ranging from 4.3 x 10(-5) in liver, 2.9 x 10(-5) in whole fish, to 1.8 x 10(-5) in testes, were comparable to ranges in lambda transgenic rodents. Treatment with ethylnitrosourea resulted in concentration-dependent, tissue-specific, and time-dependent mutation inductions consistent with known mechanisms of action. Frequencies of mutants in liver increased insignificantly 5 days after ethylnitrosourea exposure, but increased 3.5-, 5.7- and 6. 7-fold above background at 15, 20, and 30 days, respectively. Mutants were induced 5-fold in testes at 5 days, attaining a peak 10-fold induction 15 days after treatment. Spontaneous and induced mutational spectra in the fish were also consistent with those of lambda transgenic rodent models. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo mutation analyses using transgenic fish and illustrate the potential value of fish as important comparative animal models.
Enhanced light extraction in 260 nm light-emitting diode with a highly transparent p-AlGaN layer (2015)

Abstract AlGaN LEDs have been studied as efficient light sources in DUV. One of the central issues in DUV LEDs is their low light extraction efficiency owing to the absorption in a p-contacting layer and a metal electrode. We report the fabrication of a 260 nm LED containing a transparent p-AlGaN layer. The LED showed a relatively good current injection with an increase in forward voltage compared with a p-GaN LED. Its efficiency reached 2%, almost equivalent to that of the p-GaN LED. In addition, a nearly zero absorption in the p-contacting layer increased the light extraction efficiency by using a reflective metal electrode.
Cytokine mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in patients with Gaucher disease with a view to gene therapy. (1995)

As clinical trials for gene therapy in Gaucher disease (GD) begin, questions regarding the biology of the hematopoietic stem cell in this disease remain unanswered. This study demonstrates the ability to mobilize and collect CD34+ cells in three patients with the disorder. Our RAC/FDA-approved clinical trial utilizes mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as the target cells for gene transfer. In this approach, a white blood cell fraction is collected by apheresis, enriched for CD34+ cells, and transduced with a retroviral vector carrying the glucocerebrosidase (GC) gene. Transduced cells from the patient with activity corrected to at least normal levels will be returned to the patient without myelosuppressive therapy. We report here the effect of cytokines in mobilizing PBSC in three patients with GD. Two (patients 1 and 2) were given granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg/d and one (patient 3) was given 10 micrograms/kg/d for 10 days. Leukaphereses were done daily for 5 days and the products enriched for CD34+ cells using the clinical Ceprate (CellPro) column. The CD34+ cells in all fractions were monitored daily during mobilization and leukaphereses. Subset analysis for the expression of Thy-1, CD38, HLA-DR, and CD33 on the CD34+ cells was performed. An increase in CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood was noted from day 5 onward (up to a six-fold increase). Up to a 625-fold enrichment in CD34+ cells in the apheresis product was noted using the clinical Ceprate column. Totals of 1.2, 3.5, and 2.1 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were collected in the three patients. A diminution in the percent of CD34+/Thy-1+ cells was noted with enrichment. In vitro retroviral transduction of the CD34-enriched cells using centrifugation promoted transduction protocol previously described (Bahnson AB et al., Centrifugal enhancement of retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Journal of Virology Methods 54:131, 1995) and modified for clinical use, demonstrated a mean transduction efficiency of 37% (range 8.3-87.1%) in clonogenic cells and up to 50% in long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) at week 6. Significantly, we have been able to achieve up to a 50-fold increase in the level of GC above deficient levels in the patients' CD34+ enriched cells when maintained in vitro in culture. The study demonstrates that up to a six-fold increase in CD34+ cells in the PB can be achieved with cytokines in patients with GD. CD34+ cells can be collected in numbers sufficient for conventional transplantation and transduced efficiently in vitro. In gene therapy trials for genetic disorders to date, myelosuppressive therapy is not advocated. The clinical trial will demonstrate whether this number of transduced CD34+ cells will be adequate for competitive engraftment of genetically corrected PBSC.
Structured query reformulations in commerce search (2012)

Recent work in commerce search has shown that understanding the semantics in user queries enables more effective query analysis and retrieval of relevant products. However, due to lack of sufficient domain knowledge, user queries often include terms that cannot be mapped directly to any product attribute. For example, a user looking for designer handbags might start with such a query because she is not familiar with the manufacturers, the price ranges, and/or the material that gives a handbag designer appeal. Current commerce search engines treat terms such as designer as keywords and attempt to match them to contents such as product reviews and product descriptions, often resulting in poor user experience.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate Glucuronyltransferase That Transfers Glucuronic Acid toN-Acetylgalactosamine (2002)

We found a novel human gene (GenBank accession number, Kazusa DNA Research Institute KIAA1402) that possesses homology with chondroitin synthase. The full-length open reading frame consists of 772 amino acids and encodes a typical type II membrane protein. This enzyme had a domain containing beta 3-glycosyltransferase motifs, which might be a beta3-glucuronyltransferase domain, but no domain with beta 4-glycosyltransferase motifs, although both are found in chondroitin synthase. The putative catalytic domain was expressed in COS-7 cells as a soluble enzyme. Its glucuronyltransferase activity was observed when chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides were used as acceptor substrates. However, it was not detected when dermatan sulfate, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, heparin, N-acetylheparosan, lactosamine tetrasaccharide, and linkage tri- and tetrasaccharide acceptors were employed. The reaction product, which was speculated to exhibit a GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc linkage structure at its non-reducing terminus, showed the following characteristics. 1) It was catabolized by beta-glucuronidase. 2) It was an acceptor for Escherichia coli K4 chondroitin polymerase (K4 chondroitin polymerase). 3) The product of K4 chondroitin polymerase was cleaved by chondroitinase ACII. On the other hand, no N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity was detected toward any acceptors. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that its transcripts were highly expressed in the placenta, small intestine, and pancreas, although they were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cell lines. This enzyme could play a role in the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate as a glucuronyltransferase.
Designing Dual-Targeting siRNA Duplexes Having Two Active Strands that Combine siRNA and MicroRNA-Like Targeting (2012)

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have become valued tools for knocking down specific genes. As such, siRNAs are routinely used to study gene function and are also being explored as therapeutic agents. Traditionally, siRNAs are designed to target one specific gene, but this chapter describes a procedure for designing dual-targeting siRNAs where the two strands in the siRNA duplex are both active and down-regulate different target genes through both siRNA and miRNA-like effects. The procedure can be used to create siRNAs that robustly target pairs of genes.
Development of a Pulsed-Field Differential Mobility Analyzer: A Method for Measuring Shape Parameters for Nonspherical Particles (2013)

For a nonspherical particle, a standard differential mobility analyzer (DMA) measurement yields a mobility-equivalent spherical diameter, but provides no information about the degree of sphericity. However, given that the electrical mobility for nonspheres is orientation-dependent, and that orientation can be manipulated using electric fields of varying strength, one can, in principle, extract some type of shape information through a systematic measurement of mobility as a function of particle orientation. Here, we describe the development of a pulsed-field differential mobility analyzer (PFDMA) which enables one to change the peak E-field experienced by the particle to induce orientation, while still maintaining the same time-averaged field strength as a standard DMA experiment. The instrument is validated with polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with accurately known size, and gold rods with dimensions accurately determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate how the instrument can be used for particle separation and extraction of shape information. In particular, we show how one can extract both length and diameter information for rod-like particles. This generic approach can be used to obtain dynamic shape factors or other multivariate dimensional information (e.g., length and diameter). Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research