gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Fatty Acid-Based Vinyl Ester Resin for Liquid Molding (2007)

Liquid resins used for molding composite structures are a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions. One effective method of reducing styrene emissions from vinyl ester (VE) resins is to replace some or all of the styrene with fatty acid-based monomers. In our investigation, the styrene was reduced to 20-25 wt% compared to 40-60 wt% associated with commercial products. In addition, fatty acid-based monomers can bring about other benefits like higher toughness, lower exothermal heat and low volume shrinkage. One disadvantage of fatty acid-based VE resins, however, is the reduction in glass transition temperature (Tg) which limits their use in high temperature environments. Therefore, the specific focus of this work was to design high Tg fatty acid-based VE resins with low viscosities and high fracture properties. These high Tg resins were designed by blending fatty acid monomers with novolac vinyl esters. Various low viscosity formulations were established with Tgs as high as 147 degrees C. Moreover, approaches to further improve the fracture toughness of the resin were investigated. Vinyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (VTBN) and epoxy terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (ETBN) were used as modifiers to these fatty acid vinyl ester resins. Compared with commercial novolac VE resin, marked improvement in fracture toughness (167 J/m squared versus 56 J/m squared) was achieved.
Surface Plasmon Rainbow Jets (2005)

A new method for optically exciting and visualizing surface plasmons in thin metal films is described. The technique relies on the use of a high-numerical-aperture objective lens to locally launch a broad wavelength spectrum of surface waves and to detect the leaky radiative modes associated with them. We used this approach to obtain a direct visualization of the plasmon intensity distributions, e.g., rainbow jets, and to quantify their propagation lengths throughout the visible spectrum.
High oxygen barrier, clay and chitosan-based multilayer thin films: an environmentally friendly foil replacement (2012)

Multilayered thin films, with high oxygen barrier, were deposited from water using chitosan (CH), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Layer-by-layer assembly of ten “quadlayers” of CH/PAA/CH/MMT (<100 nm thick) on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, commonly used for food packaging, reduced the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of PLA and PET films by two orders of magnitude under dry conditions. At 38°C and 90% RH, the OTR of 500 μm PLA was reduced from 50 to 4·6 cc/(m 2 day atm), which is lower than 179 μm PET film under the same conditions. This high gas barrier is believed to be due a to a nanobrick wall structure present in this thin film, where clay platelets act as bricks held together by polymeric mortar. These assembled thin films are also very transparent, which combined with ambient processing and the use of renewable and food contact approved ingredients, makes this a promising foil replacement technology.
Demagnification in proximity x-ray lithography and extensibility to 25 nm by optimizing Fresnel diffraction (1999)

10.1088/0022-3727/32/22/102
Design and modeling of dielectric elastomer actuators (2012)

One of the main technical challenges in the development of dielectric elastomer (DE) stack actuators is the design and realization of suitable electrodes. They must be compliant and be able to undergo large strains without adding too much stiffness. Metal electrodes are therefore normally out of question due to their high stiffness, though their electrical properties are excellent. In this work a new design approach is presented which comprises rigid metal electrodes. Its functionality is proven by means of numerical simulations and experimental tests. It allows the customized tailoring of transducer elements due to the designable electrode structure. A functional demonstrator is built and tested concerning its electrical, mechanical and electromechanical behavior. For this new actuator type a full electromechanical model is developed. It contains all transfer characterisitcs in a nonlinear description and accounts for various physical effects arising from the special actuator design. Due to its standardized interface configuration it can well be used in combination with existing models for mechanical structures and electrical amplifiers to completely model active systems. It is applicable for the realistic simulation necessary in the development of active solutions with EAP devices. A first longterm test with 108 load cycles was performed in order to show the durability of the actuator.
A location-aware framework for intelligent real-time mobile applications (2010)

The Location-Aware Information Systems Client (LAISYC) supports intelligent, real-time, mobile applications for GPS-enabled mobile phones by dynamically adjusting platform parameters for application performance while conserving device resources such as battery life.
Stationary Cycling Induced by Switched Functional Electrical Stimulation\n Control (2013)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to activate the dysfunctional\nlower limb muscles of individuals with neuromuscular disorders to produce\ncycling as a means of exercise and rehabilitation. However, FES-cycling is\nstill metabolically inefficient and yields low power output at the cycle crank\ncompared to able-bodied cycling. Previous literature suggests that these\nproblems are symptomatic of poor muscle control and non-physiological muscle\nfiber recruitment. The latter is a known problem with FES in general, and the\nformer motivates investigation of better control methods for FES-cycling.In\nthis paper, a stimulation pattern for quadriceps femoris-only FES-cycling is\nderived based on the effectiveness of knee joint torque in producing forward\npedaling. In addition, a switched sliding-mode controller is designed for the\nuncertain, nonlinear cycle-rider system with autonomous state-dependent\nswitching. The switched controller yields ultimately bounded tracking of a\ndesired trajectory in the presence of an unknown, time-varying, bounded\ndisturbance, provided a reverse dwell-time condition is satisfied by\nappropriate choice of the control gains and a sufficient desired cadence.\nStability is derived through Lyapunov methods for switched systems, and\nexperimental results demonstrate the performance of the switched control system\nunder typical cycling conditions.\n
Abstract 1145: Circulating plasma MiR-141 is a novel biomarker for metastatic colon cancer and predicts poor prognosis (2011)

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major cancer types and cancer related death worldwide. Sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers that can facilitate disease detection, staging and prediction of therapeutic outcome are highly desirable to improve survival rate and help to determine optimized treatment for CRC. The small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently identified as critical regulators for various diseases including cancer and may represent a novel class of cancer biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate circulating microRNAs in human plasma for use as such biomarkers. Methodology/Principle Findings: By using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we found that circulating miR-141 was significantly associated with stage IV CRC in a cohort of 102 plasma samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of candidate plasma microRNA markers. We observed that combination of miR-141 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a widely used marker for CRC, further improved the accuracy of detection. These findings were validated in a cohort of 156 plasma samples collected at Tianjin, China. Furthermore, our analysis showed that high levels of plasma miR-141 predicted poor survival in both cohorts and that miR-141 was an independent prognostic factor for advanced CRC. Conclusions/Significance: We propose that plasma miR-141 is a novel biomarker that complements CEA in detecting CRC with distant metastasis and that high levels of miR-141 in plasma were associated with poor prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1145
Demonstrating seamless handover of multi-hop networks (2006)

Traditionally, global network mobility problem is addressed at networking layer. However, none of these solution is designed for supporting seamless horizontal and vertical handover. The demonstrated solution, called WiOptiMo, provides always-on, continuous and optimized network services, whenever possible, to the applications independently from lower layers. The whole network can move and all network nodes can continue to work with the optimal connection, until some possible connection exists. This paper shows how the network mobility can be handled at application layer with WiOptiMo and presents a demonstration scenario with a mobile network, whose nodes access audio and video application without being affected by the fact that the network moves and switches from one network access to another.
A constrained mutual information based CQI measure for coded MIMO-CDMA systems (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel channel quality indicator (CQI) measure for the space-time jointly encoded MIMO-CDMA systems in frequency selective channels. The CQI proposed here is derived from a so-called per-Walsh code joint detection structure consisting of a front-end linear filter followed by joint symbol detection across all streams. The linear filter is designed to convert the multipath channel into a single-path channel to restore orthogonality of Walsh codes and to avoid joint sequence detection. We derive a class of filter that maximizes the so-called constrained mutual information, and show that the conventional LMMSE and MVDR equalizers belong to this class. Similar to the notion of generalized SNR (GSNR), this constrained mutual information provides us with a CQI measure describing the MIMO link quality. Such a CQI measure is essential in providing a simple one-dimensional mapping for both link adaptation and link-to-system mapping for jointly encoded MIMO-CDMA system.
Stay‐green alleles individually enhance grain yield in sorghum under drought by modifying canopy development and water uptake patterns (2014)

Stay-green is an integrated drought adaptation trait characterized by a distinct green leaf phenotype during grain filling under terminal drought. We used sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a repository of drought adaptation mechanisms, to elucidate the physiological and genetic mechanisms underpinning stay-green. Near-isogenic sorghum lines (cv RTx7000) were characterized in a series of field and managed-environment trials (seven experiments and 14 environments) to determine the influence of four individual stay-green (Stg1-4) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on canopy development, water use and grain yield under post-anthesis drought. The Stg QTL decreased tillering and the size of upper leaves, which reduced canopy size at anthesis. This reduction in transpirational leaf area conserved soil water before anthesis for use during grain filling. Increased water uptake during grain filling of Stg near-isogenic lines (NILs) relative to RTx7000 resulted in higher post-anthesis biomass production, grain number and yield. Importantly, there was no consistent yield penalty associated with the Stg QTL in the irrigated control. These results establish a link between the role of the Stg QTL in modifying canopy development and the subsequent impact on crop water use patterns and grain yield under terminal drought.
Cristae remodeling causes acidification detected by integrated graphene sensor during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (2016)

The intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the resultant mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) via BAK and BAX oligomerization, cytochrome c (cytc) release, and caspase activation are well studied, but their effect on cytosolic pH is poorly understood. Using isolated mitochondria, we show that MOMP results in acidification of the surrounding medium. BAK conformational changes associated with MOMP activate the OMA1 protease to cleave OPA1 resulting in remodeling of the cristae and release of the highly concentrated protons within the cristae invaginations. This was revealed by utilizing a nanomaterial graphene as an optically clear and ultrasensitive pH sensor that can measure ionic changes induced by tethered mitochondria. With this platform, we have found that activation of mitochondrial apoptosis is accompanied by a gradual drop in extra-mitochondrial pH and a decline in membrane potential, both of which can be rescued by adding exogenous cytc. These findings have importance for potential pharmacological manipulation of apoptosis, in the treatment of cancer.
Covalent Chemical Ligation Strategy for Mono- and Polyclonal Immunoglobulins at Their Nucleotide Binding Sites (2015)

Nonspecific ligation methods have been traditionally used to chemically modify immunoglobulins. Site-specific ligation of compounds (toxins or ligands) to antibodies has become increasingly important in the fields of therapeutic antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. In this present study, we took advantage of the reported nucleotide-binding pocket (NBP) in the Fab arms of immunoglobulins by developing indole-based, 5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-derivatized OBOC peptide libraries for the identification of affinity elements that can be used as site-specific derivatization agents against both mono- and polyclonal antibodies. Ligation can occur at any one of the few lysine residues located at the NBP. Immunoconjugates resulting from such affinity elements can be used as therapeutics against cancer or infectious agents.
Pasteurisation of a Factor I (C3b Inactivator) Concentrate fromHuman Plasma (1989)

A method of pasteurising a concentrate of factor I (C3b inactivator) prepared from human blood plasma is described. As well as obtaining a high yield of factor I by this virus inactivation procedure it is furthermore possible, by adjustment of the stabiliser concentration, to obtain a very pronounced reduction in the concentration of factor B, a component of the complement system which is unwanted in the treatment of factor I deficiency. The product so produced is in two respects superior to plasma infusions for factor I replacement therapy: it has been submitted to virus inactivation and factor B depletion.
Conformationally constrained renin inhibitory peptides: .gamma.-lactam-bridged dipeptide isostere as conformational restriction (1988)

A model of the conformation of the enzyme-bound inhibitor of human renin suggested the possibility of a gamma-lactam conformational restriction at the P2-P3 site. Synthetic routes to these gamma-lactam dipeptide isosteres and their incorporation into potential renin inhibitors are described. Peptide VIa,b with a gamma-lactam conformational constraint and a hydroxyethylene isostere at the cleavage site inhibited human plasma renin with an IC50 value of 6.5 nM. The flexibility of these syntheses should make available a number of potential enzyme inhibitors with this structural feature for the study of enzyme-bound conformers.
Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase: Isolation of the gene and characterization of the recombinant non-head-to-tail monoterpene synthase from <i>Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium</i> (2001)

Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase (CPPase) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate to produce chrysanthemyl diphosphate (CPP), a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail or irregular c1'-2-3 linkage between isoprenoid units. Irregular monoterpenes are common in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and related members of the Asteraceae family. In C. cinerariaefolium, CPP is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the pyrethrin ester insecticides. CPPase was purified from immature chrysanthemum flowers, and the N terminus of the protein was sequenced. A C. cinerariaefolium lambda cDNA library was screened by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes based on the amino acid sequence to identify a CPPase clone that encoded a 45-kDa preprotein. The first 50 aa of the ORF constitute a putative plastidial targeting sequence. Recombinant CPPase bearing an N-terminal polyhistidine affinity tag in place of the targeting sequence was purified to homogeneity from an overproducing Escherichia coli strain by Ni(2+) chromatography. Incubation of recombinant CPPase with dimethylallyl diphosphate produced CPP. The diphosphate ester was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, and the resulting monoterpene alcohol was analyzed by GC/MS to confirm its structure. The amino acid sequence of CPPase aligns closely with that of the chain elongation prenyltransferase farnesyl diphosphate synthase rather than squalene synthase or phytoene synthase, which catalyze c1'-2-3 cyclopropanation reactions similar to the CPPase reaction.
Wireless Hydrogen Sensor Self-Powered Using Ambient Vibration and Light (2006)

This paper presents the design, integration, and test of a self-contained wireless hydrogen sensor system powered using ambient vibrations and light. A large number of distributed sensors are required to safely operate hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and fuel cell facilities for aviation, space, and terrestrial applications. Due to cost and reliability issues pertaining to a widespread distributed network, a completely wireless hydrogen sensor system is desirable. For a long (10 year) operating life with minimal maintenance, a wireless system implies both wireless data transmission and local energy mining and/or wireless collection of directed RF energy. Design procedures and issues pertaining to minimizing power consumption for a self-powered hydrogen sensor system are discussed.
Three-dimensional image reconstruction using bundle adjustment applied to multiple texel images (2016)

The importance of creating 3D imagery is increasing and has many applications in the field of disaster response, digital elevation models, object recognition, and cultural heritage. Several methods have been proposed to register texel images, which consist of fused lidar and digital imagery. The previous methods were limited to registering up to two texel images or multiple texel swaths having only one strip of lidar data per swath. One area of focus still remains to register multiple texel images to create a 3D model. The process of creating true 3D images using multiple texel images is described. The texel camera fuses the 2D digital image and calibrated 3D lidar data to form a texel image. The images are then taken from several perspectives and registered. The advantage of using multiple full frame texel images over 3D- or 2D-only methods is that there will be better registration between images because of the overlapping 3D points as well as 2D texture used in the joint registration process. The individual position and rotation mapping to a common world coordinate frame is calculated for each image and optimized. The proposed methods incorporate bundle adjustment for jointly optimizing the registration of multiple images. Sparsity is exploited as there is a lack of interaction between parameters of different cameras. Examples of the 3D model are shown and analyzed for numerical accuracy.
Magnetoresistance of self-assembled lateral multilayers (2000)

The angular-dependent magnetoresistance and magnetization of epitaxial FeηAg1−η self-assembled lateral multilayers (SALMs) grown on Mo(110)/Al2O3(11-2 0) template layers has been examined for an optimum stoichiometry of η=0.38. The low-temperature anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and low-field magnetoresistance (MR) are measured as a function of field angle for two nearly orthogonal current directions. The SALM structures are observed to display a significant AMR (roughly 1.6% maximum for the entire structure) and a pronounced field-dependent MR with a maximum ΔR/R of 0.88% at 2.7 K.
Analyzing and Reducing Current Harmonics of AC and DC sides of Cascaded H-Bridge Converters for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (2019)

In this paper, average modeling is derived for both AC and DC sides of grid-tied cascaded H-bridge converter (CHB). The proposed technique uses the AC current harmonics to control and reduce the current harmonic ripples on the DC sides of the CHB converter. By using the proposed modeling technique, the DC current harmonics of all cells of the CHB can be balanced including the zero- and the second-order current harmonics. This balancing technique has several advantages. First, due to balancing and regulating the even order current harmonics of all cells, the DC side current harmonics of batteries of electric vehicle are equal. So, the lifetimes of all batteries are kept the same due to dealing with the similar current harmonic spectrums. Next, as will be derived in the equations, controlling the odd-order AC side current harmonics of the grid-tied converter can reduce the even-order harmonics of the DC sides of the converter. This can increase the lifespans of batteries. Finally, the low-frequency selective harmonic current mitigation-pulse width modulation (SHCM-PWM) technique is used in this paper which meets the requirements of IEEE-519 for AC side harmonics. The simulation and experimental results in this paper validate the advantages of the proposed current harmonic balancing technique.
Orientation Modulation for Data Hiding in Clustered-Dot Halftone Prints (2010)

We present a new framework for data hiding in images printed with clustered dot halftones. Our application scenario, like other hardcopy embedding methods, encounters fundamental challenges due to extreme bilevel quantization inherent in halftoning, the stringent requirements of image fidelity, and other unavoidable printing and scanning distortions. To overcome these challenges, while still allowing for automated extraction of the embedded data and a high embedding capacity, we propose a number of innovations. First, we perform the embedding jointly with the halftoning by employing an analytical halftone threshold function that allows steering of the halftone spot orientation within each halftone cell based upon embedded data. In this process, image fidelity is emphasized and, if necessary, the capability to recover individual data values is sacrificed resulting in unavoidable erasures and errors. To overcome these and other sources of errors, we propose a suitable data detection and error control methodology based upon a statistical representation for the print-scan channel that effectively models the channel dependence upon the cover image gray-level. To combat the geometric distortion inherent in the print-scan process, we exploit the periodic halftone structure to recover from global scaling and rotation and propose a novel decision directed synchronization technique that counters locally varying printing distortion. Experimental results demonstrate the power of the proposed framework: we achieve high operational rates while preserving halftone image quality.