gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel active MR probe using a miniaturized optical link for a 1.5‐T MRI scanner (2011)

Applying an active intravascular MR catheter device that allows signal transmission from the catheter tip requires special means to avoid radiofrequency-induced heating. This article presents a novel, miniaturized all-optical active MR probe to use with real-time MRI in minimally invasive interventions for catheter guidance and intravascular imaging. An optical link transmits the received MR signals from the catheter tip to the MR receiver with inherently radiofrequency-safe optical fibers. Furthermore, power is supplied optically to the transmitter as well. The complete integration into a small tube of 6-Fr (2-mm diameter) size with a 7-Fr (2.33-mm diameter) rigid tubing was realized using chip components for the optical modulator and a novel miniaturized optical bench fabricated from silicon substrates with 3D self-aligning structures for fiber integration. In MRI phantom measurements, projection-based tip tracking and high-resolution imaging were successfully performed with the optical link inside a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Images were obtained in a homogeneous phantom liquid, and first pictures were acquired from inside a kiwi that demonstrates the potential of the MR-safe optical link. The signal-to-noise ratio has significantly improved compared with former systems, and it is demonstrated that the novel optical link exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio comparable to a direct electrical link.
Study of thermal and acoustic noise interferences in low stiffness atomic force microscope cantilevers and characterization of their dynamic properties (2012)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful tool for the measurement of forces at the micro/nano scale when calibrated cantilevers are used. Besides many existing calibration techniques, the thermal calibration is one of the simplest and fastest methods for the dynamic characterization of an AFM cantilever. This method is efficient provided that the Brownian motion (thermal noise) is the most important source of excitation during the calibration process. Otherwise, the value of spring constant is underestimated. This paper investigates noise interference ranges in low stiffness AFM cantilevers taking into account thermal fluctuations and acoustic pressures as two main sources of noise. As a result, a preliminary knowledge about the conditions in which thermal fluctuations and acoustic pressures have closely the same effect on the AFM cantilever (noise interference) is provided with both theoretical and experimental arguments. Consequently, beyond the noise interference range, commercial low stiffness AFM cantilevers are calibrated in two ways: using the thermal noise (in a wide temperature range) and acoustic pressures generated by a loudspeaker. We then demonstrate that acoustic noises can also be used for an efficient characterization and calibration of low stiffness AFM cantilevers. The accuracy of the acoustic characterization is evaluated by comparison with results from the thermal calibration.
Abnormal increase in ferromagnetic resonance amplitude just before the breakdown in tunnel magnetoresistive heads (2008)

The peak value (PSDp) from power spectral density (PSD) curves was obtained as a function of burning current before and after the breakdown in tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) heads. The obtained PSDp versus current curves can be classified into two categories. For one set of TMR heads, an abnormal peak was observed just before the breakdown of TMR heads. For another set of TMR heads, PSDp shows a nearly linear current dependence as expected from the mag-noise theory. After the pinhole growth, the abnormal PSDp peak disappears, implying that it is related to the pinhole-free barrier. Spin transfer effect was examined to understand the abnormal increases in PSDp by both reversing current direction and reducing measuring current. The result shows that the spin transfer effect is not important for the presence of the abnormal increase in PSDp. In spite of the lack of a full understanding, we will give discussions on possible mechanisms.
Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of <i>Angelica sinensis</i> (2006)

Since ancient times, extracts of plants have been used for women's health to prevent menopausal symptoms. The symptoms of menopause have been attributed to a reduction in the amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries. In this study the estrogenic activity of a commercial standardized extract of the roots of Angelica sinensis, used to relieve climacteric symptoms was evaluated using in vivo tests such as the degree of cornification of vaginal epithelium, uterotrophic assays and serum LH concentration in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the effects on the estrous cycle in rat were investigated. The results obtained have shown that the administration of a standardized ethanol extract in ovariectomized rats exhibited a stimulation of the uterine histoarchitecture, a significant cornification in the vaginal epithelium and a reduction of serum LH concentration showing the estrogenic nature of the extract. Furthermore, the administration of the extract in intact female rats provoked a significant modification of the vaginal smear in 67% of treated rats. The estrous cycle thus modified was characterized by a prolonged estrus stage with a temporary reduction of the regular cyclicity.
Discovery of Selective Small Molecule Type III Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Alpha (PI4KIIIα) Inhibitors as Anti Hepatitis C (HCV) Agents (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) assembles many host cellular proteins into unique membranous replication structures as a prerequisite for viral replication, and PI4KIIIα is an essential component of these replication organelles. RNA interference of PI4KIIIα results in a breakdown of this replication complex and cessation of HCV replication in Huh-7 cells. PI4KIIIα is a lipid kinase that interacts with the HCV nonstructural 5A protein (NS5A) and enriches the HCV replication complex with its product, phosphoinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Elevated levels of PI4P at the endoplasmic reticulum have been linked to HCV infection in the liver of HCV infected patients. We investigated if small molecule inhibitors of PI4KIIIα could inhibit HCV replication in vitro. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships associated with the biological inhibition of PI4KIIIα and HCV replication are described. These efforts led directly to identification of quinazolinone 28 that displays high selectivity for PI4KIIIα and potently inhibits HCV replication in vitro.
Evaluation of a New Simplified Inertial Sensor Method against Electrogoniometer for Measuring Wrist Motion in Occupational Studies (2022)

Wrist velocity is an important risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the elbow/hand, which is also difficult to assess by observation or self-reports. This study aimed to evaluate a new convenient and low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based method using gyroscope signals against an electrogoniometer for measuring wrist flexion velocity. Twelve participants performed standard wrist movements and simulated work tasks while equipped with both systems. Two computational algorithms for the IMU-based system, i.e., IMU<sub>norm</sub> and IMU<sub>flex</sub>, were used. For wrist flexion/extension, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of median wrist flexion velocity compared to the goniometer were <10.1°/s for IMU<sub>norm</sub> and <4.1°/s for IMU<sub>flex</sub>. During wrist deviation and pronation/supination, all methods showed errors, where the IMU<sub>norm</sub> method had the largest overestimations. For simulated work tasks, the IMU<sub>flex</sub> method had small bias and better accuracy than the IMU<sub>norm</sub> method compared to the goniometer, with the MAEs of median wrist flexion velocity <5.8°/s. The results suggest that the IMU-based method can be considered as a convenient method to assess wrist motion for occupational studies or ergonomic evaluations for the design of workstations and tools by both researchers and practitioners, and the IMU<sub>flex</sub> method is preferred. Future studies need to examine algorithms to further improve the accuracy of the IMU-based method in tasks of larger variations, as well as easy calibration procedures.
Optical coherence tomography and localized defects of the retinal nerve fiber layer (2000)

This preliminary study suggests that the OCT examination results of the RNFL are in good agreement with the RNFL appearance in monochromatic fundus images.
Cytokine Release from Microglia: Differential Inhibition by Pentoxifylline and Dexamethasone (1992)

Cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial meningitis. The effects of pentoxifylline and dexamethasone on the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 from primary murine microglial cell cultures were explored using bioassays. When added concomitantly with lipopolysaccharide, pentoxifylline blocked the release of TNF and IL-1 but not IL-6, while dexamethasone inhibited the release of TNF and IL-6. After a 2-h exposure of microglia to lipopolysaccharide, pentoxifylline but not dexamethasone still inhibited the release of TNF. Release of TNF was enhanced 20-fold by priming of the microglia with interferon-gamma; only pentoxifylline blocked the priming effect of interferon-gamma on TNF release. These results demonstrate that pentoxifylline and dexamethasone differentially regulate the release of cytokines in microglial cell cultures and provide potential insight into their role in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial meningitis.
WSN18-4: Integrated Backup Topology Control and Routing of Obscured Traffic in Hybrid RF/FSO Networks (2006)

We propose a framework for providing instantaneous backup to traffic in a hybrid RF/FSO mesh network. Free space optical (FSO) links have high bandwidth and security, making them suitable for use in backbone networks. RF links have low bandwidth, but offer high reliability in conditions where FSO links are obscured. Thus, RF links are primarily used to provide instantaneous backup to traffic flowing on FSO links. We propose a framework to model FSO link failures due to obscuration, and propose algorithms for integrated topology control of RF links and routing for maximizing the backup provided. We do extensive simulations to demonstrate that the performance of RF topology and routing computed using our algorithms is much better than the case of having the same RF and FSO topologies and routes.
Adaptive Exposure Control and Real-Time Image Fusion for Surveillance Systems (2006)

This paper presents a surveillance system that can fuse two different exposed frames in real time and automatically track human faces as well as moving objects. Fusing multiple frames with different exposure time can accommodate the scenes with high dynamic range and the object tracking results guide auto exposure to ensure the right exposure for human faces and moving objects. The proposed flow as well as algorithms fully utilizes the calculation results getting from MPEG-4 compression task and the experimental result shows that the fusion speed is around 4 frames/seconds and the human face tracking speed is over than 10 frames/seconds.
End Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock (2019)

End Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock is a multiyear project to produce a set of highly resolved electricity end-use load profiles (EULPs) of the U.S. residential and commercial building stock. The project team, made up of researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Argonne National Laboratory, ultimately will use calibrated physics-based building energy models to create these EULPs. This presentation provides an overview of the project approach, status, goals, and challenges, and discusses what the project means for the Northeast region.
Ultra-long unrepeatered transmission over 607 km at 100G and 632 km at 10G (2015)

This paper reports record unrepeatered transmission results using forward and backward distributed Raman amplifications, large effective area ultra-low loss fiber and enhanced ROPAs with additional pumping fibers. Coherent 100 Gb/s with PM-QPSK modulation format and OOK 10G transmission are demonstrated over 607 km (97.2 dB) and 632 km (101.0 dB), respectively.
Hippocampal subfields segmentation in brain MR images using generative adversarial networks (2019)

The results show the improvement in performance of the proposed method, compared with other methods, which include approaches based on multi-atlas, hierarchical multi-atlas, dictionary learning and sparse representation and CNN. In implementation, the proposed method provides better results in hippocampal subfields segmentation.
An Improved Method of Arachidonic Acid Production by Mortierella alpina (1987)

Highly unsaturated fatty acids such as γ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids are now synthesized in large quantities by microorganisms but production methods of arachidonic acid are still inadequate due to its low yield for each type of medium used. To obtain lipids containing arachidonic acid at high efficiency, a detailed study was made of the conditions for incubating Mortierella alpina on potato paste-dextrose medium, addition of trace metals, thickness of the medium layer and pH. Mycelium and pellicle were found to grow on a medium, 2 mm thick, containing 6% dextrose and CaCl2·2H2O 750 mg/kg medium at 20°C for 20 d. Fatty acid analysis of the lipids extracted from the dried cell indicated the yield of arachidonic acid to be 13.1 g/kg medium.
Soliton transmission over more than 90 kmusing distributed erbium-doped fibres (1995)

The transmission of 11.5 ps solitons over 93.4 km of distributed erbium-doped fibre is reported. By inserting a 29.3 km long mid-section singlemode fibre instead of 32.5 km of erbium-doped fibre, the signal excursions are lowered, and 9.0 ps solitons are transmitted over 90.2 km.
Probing Rubber Cross-Linking Generation of Industrial Polymer Networks at Nanometer Scale (2016)

We present improved analyses of rheometric torque measurements as well as (1)H double-quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) buildup data on polymer networks of industrial compounds. This latter DQ NMR analysis allows finding the distribution of an orientation order parameter (Dres) resulting from the noncomplete averaging of proton dipole-dipole couplings within the cross-linked polymer chains. We investigate the influence of the formulation (filler and vulcanization systems) as well as the process (curing temperature) ending to the final polymer network. We show that DQ NMR follows the generation of the polymer network during the vulcanization process from a heterogeneous network to a very homogeneous one. The time variations of microscopic Dres and macroscopic rheometric torques present power-law behaviors above a threshold time scale with characteristic exponents of the percolation theory. We observe also a very good linear correlation between the kinetics of Dres and rheometric data routinely performed in industry. All these observations confirm the description of the polymer network generation as a critical phenomenon. On the basis of all these results, we believe that DQ NMR could become a valuable tool for investigating in situ the cross-linking of industrial polymer networks at the nanometer scale.
Morphological study of the combined effect of purpurin derivatives and light on transplantable rat bladder tumors. (1987)

Purpurin derivatives, a group of synthetic photosensitizers, were tested for their photodynamic activity against transplantable N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced urothelial tumors growing in male Fischer 344 rats. Histological examination of tumors in animals treated with the purpurin derivatives and red light (greater than 590 nm, 360 joules/cm2) revealed tumor cell necrosis 24 h after completion of therapy. Control tumors showed no histological change. Purpurins have a major absorption peak in the red region (greater than 650 nm) of the visible spectrum, a region with good tissue penetration, and purpurins can be synthesized with a high degree of purity. This study demonstrates the potential of purpurin derivatives as photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy.
High-speed optical coherence domain reflectometry: erratum (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. A. Swanson, D. Huang, M. R. Hee, J. G. Fujimoto, C. P. Lin, and C. A. Puliafito, "High-speed optical coherence domain reflectometry: erratum," Opt. Lett. 17, 547-547 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Clustering Model of P2P CDN Based on The Prediction of User Requirements (2012)

With the increasing scale of the P2P (Peer to Peer) network, the contradictions among the scope expanding, the time expending reducing and the network loading of content search is growing more serious. As the required contents and replicas are distributed in the P2P network, the searching scope reduction will result in achieving less or even no required replicas. Contrarily, expanding the searching scope will increasing the search time and network loading. In this paper, an clustering model of P2P content distribution network (CDN) based on the prediction of user requirements is proposed in which the organization of the P2P CDN is clustered continuously according to the improvement of the prediction of user requirements. In the model, the peers and the surrogates that have the requiring contents of a designate peer will be assembled at nearby locations to the designated peer, and then more replicas can be found in smaller search scope and shorter time expending. Simulative experiments indicate the clustering model can acquire much smaller mean response time (MRT) and mean distribution time (MDT).
Development of a Sustained-Release Biodegradable Polymer Delivery System for Site-Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides: Characterization of P(LA-GA) Copolymer Microspheres<i>In Vitro</i> (1998)

Development of a Sustained-Release Biodegradable Polymer Delivery System for Site-Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides: Characterization of P(LA-GA) Copolymer Microspheres In Vitro Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can selectively inhibit individual gene expression provided they gain access to and remain stable at the target site for a sufficient period of time. Biodegradable sustained-release delivery systems may facilitate site-specific delivery and also prevent degradation of ODNs by nucleases whilst delivering the nucleic acid in a controlled manner to the desired site of action. In this study, we have characterized biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (P(LA-GA)) 50:50 microspheres for the potential delivery of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo. Phosphodiester (PO) oligonucleotides complementary to either c-myc proto-oncogene or the tat gene in HIV-RNA were adequately incorporated within P(LA-GA) microspheres with entrapment efficiencies up to 60% depending on particles size. In vitro release profiles of antisense nucleic acids from 10-20 microm size microspheres over 56 days in physiological buffer were triphasic. Profiles were characterised by an initial burst effect during the first 48 hours (phase 1) of release followed by a more sustained release (phase 2) with an additional increased release (phase 3) being observed after 25 days which corresponded with bulk degradation of the copolymer matrix. The release profiles were influenced by microsphere size, copolymer molecular weight, ODN loading, ODN length and by the pH of release medium used. The serum stability of PO ODNs was significantly improved when entrapped within P(LA-GA) microspheres and the hybridization capability, as assessed by duplex melting (Tm) measurements, of released ODN was not impaired by the double-emulsion microsphere fabrication procedure used. Thus, P(LA-GA) microspheres appear to be promising candidates for improving site-specific delivery profiles for ODNs and are worthy of further evaluation in vivo.
A literature survey on traffic dispersion (1997)

Aggregation of resources is a means to improve performance and efficiency in statistically shared systems in general, and communication networks in particular. One approach to this is traffic dispersion, which means that the traffic from a source is spread over multiple paths and transmitted in parallel through the network. Traffic dispersion may help in utilizing network resources to their full potential, while providing quality-of-service guarantees. It is a topic gaining interest, and much work has been done in the field. The results are, however, difficult to find, since the technique appears under many different labels. This article is therefore an attempt to gather and report on the work done on traffic dispersion in communication networks. It looks at a specific instance of this general method. The processes are communication processes, and the resource is the link capacity in a packet switched network.
Research on recognition algorithm for intra pulse modulation of radar signals (2018)

In view of the recognition of linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal and phase coded (PSK) signal, we proposed a radar Signal modulation recognition algorithm based on the combination of fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and multiple phase differences. Through the nesting of two recognition algorithms, we have achieved the recognition of the signal from coarse to fine. FRFT is used to distinguish LFM signals from other coded signals, and multiple phase differences are used to identify regular signals and all kinds of coded signals. Simulation analysis verified that the algorithm is effective.
Validation and Comparison of Two Solid-Phase Immunoassays for the Quantification of S-100B in Human Blood (2000)

S-100 protein concentrations in serum are considered a quantitative marker of the extent of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) (1)(2)(3), including possible cerebral injury following procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery (4)(5). There are 19 S-100 proteins, of which S-100A1 and S-100B are the most prevalent (6). S-100A1 and S-100B form dimeric proteins that previously were labeled S-100a (S-100A1-B), S-100b (S-100B-B), and S-100a (S-100A1-A1) (7)(8)(9). Initial studies of S-100 protein reported that this protein is present only in the CNS (7), but later studies found various concentrations of S-100A1 and S-100B in tissues outside the CNS, including the heart and aorta (10). At present, there are questions about the subtype specificity of S-100 assays, about which subtype of S-100 is associated with different clinical entities, and how the results obtained using various assays compare. To answer these questions, we used the Sangtec 100® LIA and the immunofluorometric (IFMA) S-100 assay to analyze purified recombinant monomeric S-100 proteins, purified dimeric S-100 proteins isolated from bovine brain, and blood samples from patients with various CNS diseases, malignant melanoma, or post cardiac surgery and compared the results.

Serum (Sangtec 100 LIA) or heparinized plasma (IFMA S-100) samples were drawn from 218 patients (141 males, 77 females; ages, 16–89 years; mean, 55.4 ± 16.2 years) and 121 healthy blood donors (64 males, 57 females; ages, 18–65 years; mean, 37.8 ± 12.7 years). The study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee, and all subjects gave informed consent to the procedure. One hundred four of the patients suffered from CNS disease: subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 41), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 17), head trauma (n = 19), ischemic cerebral infarction (n = 4), cerebral tumor (n = 12), hydrocephalus (n …