gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Training Neural Networks using Memristive Devices with Nonlinear Accumulative Behavior (2019)

Memristive devices when organized in crossbar arrays can be used to accelerate the training of deep neural networks through in-memory computing. In this paper, we propose a scheme that addresses a key challenge, namely, the non-linear accumulative behavior of memristive devices. Data entering and leaving the memristive crossbar array is pre- and post-processed to change the effective mapping of weight matrices onto the conductance matrix. The impact of the proposed scheme is studied for training neural networks using phase-change memory (PCM) devices as synaptic elements. The scheme is shown to significantly improve the network's classification accuracy, allowing us to reach the performance of an ideal linear device.
THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ENSEMBLE EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD (2009)

A multi-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) for multi-dimensional data (such as images or solid with variable density) is proposed here. The decomposition is based on the applications of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to slices of data in each and every dimension involved. The final reconstruction of the corresponding intrinsic mode function (IMF) is based on a comparable minimal scale combination principle. For two-dimensional spatial data or images, f(x,y), we consider the data (or image) as a collection of one-dimensional series in both x-direction and y-direction. Each of the one-dimensional slices is decomposed through EEMD with the slice of the similar scale reconstructed in resulting two-dimensional pseudo-IMF-like components. This new two-dimensional data is further decomposed, but the data is considered as a collection of one-dimensional series in y-direction along locations in x-direction. In this way, we obtain a collection of two-dimensional components. These directly resulted components are further combined into a reduced set of final components based on a minimal-scale combination strategy. The approach for two-dimensional spatial data can be extended to multi-dimensional data. EEMD is applied in the first dimension, then in the second direction, and then in the third direction, etc., using the almost identical procedure as for the two-dimensional spatial data. A similar comparable minimal-scale combination strategy can be applied to combine all the directly resulted components into a small set of multi-dimensional final components. For multi-dimensional temporal-spatial data, EEMD is applied to time series of each spatial location to obtain IMF-like components of different time scales. All the ith IMF-like components of all the time series of all spatial locations are arranged to obtain ith temporal-spatial multi-dimensional IMF-like component. The same approach to the one used in temporal-spatial data decomposition is used to obtain the resulting two-dimensional IMF-like components. This approach could be extended to any higher dimensional temporal-spatial data.
Relaxation oscillation suppression in continuous-wave intracavity optical parametric oscillators (2010)

We report a solution to the long standing problem of the occurrence of spontaneous and long-lived bursts of relaxation oscillations which occur when a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator is operated within the cavity of the parent pump-laser. By placing a second nonlinear crystal within the pump-wave cavity for the purpose of second-harmonic-generation of the pump-wave the additional nonlinear loss thereby arising due to up-conversion effectively suppresses the relaxation oscillations with very little reduction in down-converted power.
Models of brachial to finger pulse wave distortion and pressure decrement (1997)

Brachial to finger pulse wave distortion due to wave reflection in arteries is almost identical in all subjects and can be modelled by a single resonance. The pressure decrement due to flow in arteries is greatest for high pulse pressures superimposed on low means.
Imidazo[4,5-f]quinolines. 4. Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of a series of imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-9-ols (1978)

A series of 2-arylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-9-ols has been prepared by a multistep procedure from various 5-aminobenzimidazoles. These compounds possess a significant degree of anthelmintic activity against the mouse tapeworm Hymenolepis nana. The most active compound is the 2-(2-furyl) analogue. Additional anthelmintic testing is reported for this compound.
Multimode digital SMPS controller IC for low-power management (2006)

This paper introduces a novel low-power digital controller for high frequency dc-dc switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) that is well-suited for integration in power management systems of small handheld devices. The controller operates at programmable constant switching frequencies up to 20 MHz and can change mode of operation to improve the overall SMPS efficiency. The key elements of the controller are a high frequency digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM), based on a segmented ring oscillator, and a signal-race based digital pulse-frequency modulator (DPFM). The controller is implemented in a standard CMOS 0.18 mum process and its operation verified both through simulations and experiments
Thin-film multimaterial optoelectronic integrated circuits (1996)

The multimaterial integration of thin-film optoelectronic devices with host substrates ranging from silicon circuits to glass waveguides to polymer micromachines offers to the system designer the freedom to choose the optimal materials for each component to achieve performance and cost objectives. Thin-film compound semiconductor optoelectronic devices are comparable to, and, in some cases, better than, their on-wafer counterparts. Thin-film detectors have been integrated with receiver circuits and movable micromachines, thin-film emitters with drive circuitry, and both have been used to demonstrate three-dimensionally interconnected systems. Vertical electrical integration of detector arrays on top of circuits is examined for massively parallel processing of images. Vertical optical interconnections of stacked silicon circuits (which are transparent to the wavelength of light used) are explored, and are used to develop a massively parallel processing architecture based upon low memory, high throughput, and high input/output.
Multibeam energy transfer in a Kerr medium (1990)

Multibeam coupling in a Kerr medium with a finite response time is studied theoretically. Two different frequency spectra are considered. In the first case the modes are equally spaced and in the second the frequency separations are all unequal. In either case, as the beams propagate, both spectra eventually reach a saturation characterized by a cascading of energy into the lowest frequency if the Kerr constant is positive. The direction of energy transfer is reversed if the Kerr constant is negative. Representative examples are given for a multimode, equally spaced, laser source and for an unequally spaced source. For the former case, we give the optimum medium response time for conversion of a Gaussian spectra. If the frequencies are unequally spaced we present general conditions which have to be satisfied and give two examples.
Innovative Integrated and Compact Gas Oil Separation Plant for Upstream Surface Facilities (2020)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate and analyze energy savings and process optimization opportunities in the gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs) in upstream surface facilities. This approach resulted in the development of a new design for a compact gas-oil separation plant (C-GOSP) to meet the crude oil export specifications with less process equipment and operating costs, and higher oil product yield compared to conventional GOSPs. The new design was materialized as patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The innovative C-GOSP is based on the integration of the gas compression system with production traps to conserve energy consumption and minimize capital cost and increase crude production. Atmospheric and hot discharge gas from low pressure compressors will be rerouted and directly mixed with the incoming wild crude before entering the production traps. This process will result in simultaneously cooling the compressors' discharge gas and heating the incoming crude while increasing crude production. Hysys simulation was used to model and verify the feasibility of the C-GOSP. A 300 MBD production facility was used to benchmark the Hysys simulation model and to verify the feasibility of these promising energy saving opportunities. The extensive process simulation modelling using Aspen Hysys and benchmarked with the actual plant energy consumption revealed the feasibility of this innovative C-GOSP, which will result in the following benefits: Lowering the capital cost by eliminating the compressors discharge after coolers, liquid pumps, discharge KO drums and minimize the surface area of the crude heat exchangers. Lowering operating cost by eliminating the after coolers and heating medium required to heat the crude. Increase crude production yield by condensing the heavy hydrocarbon from the gas stream. Minimize the spacing requirements, which make ideal for offshore applications. The innovative approach of direct heating and cooling by mixing of hot and cold streams is superior to any other optimization approach. Consequently, a patent was granted from the USPTO on July 17, 2018, for the innovative C-GOSP. The patent number is 10023811.
Mouse in Vivo Neutralization of Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin 2 with Monoclonal Antibodies (2013)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) food contaminations pose serious health concerns, and have been the subject of massive food recalls. STEC has been identified as the major cause of the life-threatening complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Besides supportive care, there currently are no therapeutics available. The use of antibiotics for combating pathogenic E. coli is not recommended because they have been shown to stimulate toxin production. Clearing Stx2 from the circulation could potentially lessen disease severity. In this study, we tested the in vivo neutralization of Stx2 in mice using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We measured the biologic half-life of Stx2 in mice and determined the distribution phase or t(1/2) α to be 3 min and the clearance phase or t(1/2) β to be 40 min. Neutralizing mAbs were capable of clearing Stx2 completely from intoxicated mouse blood within minutes. We also examined the persistence of these mAbs over time and showed that complete protection could be passively conferred to mice 4 weeks before exposure to Stx2. The advent of better diagnositic methods and the availability of a greater arsenal of therapeutic mAbs against Stx2 would greatly enhance treatment outcomes of life threatening E. coli infections.
Synthesis and characterization of oligo(oxyethylene)/carbosilane copolymers for thermoset elastomers via ADMET (2008)

Abstract Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization has been used to synthesize latent reactive processable elastomers constructed of carbosilane and polyether segments. Two types of latent modes have been introduced: “chain‐internal” and “chain‐end” sites through the use of labile silicon methoxy functionalities. These latent reactive groups are inert when exposed to metathesis conditions allowing formation of the linear copolymer; subsequently exposure to moisture triggers hydrolysis of the methoxy groups and formation of a chemically crosslinked thermoset. The thermoset's mechanical response can be potentially varied from plastic to elastic behavior, depending on the ratio of carbosilane and oligooxyethylene monomers employed. Different lengths of glycols and numbers of methylene groups between them in the polymer backbone have been investigated to explore structure/property relationship. Polymers composed of oligooxyethylenes with eight methylene groups in between them exhibited fully amorphous character, while the ones with up to 20 methylene groups between glycol units showed their semicrystalline nature. The concentration of “chain‐internal” and “chain‐end” crosslink sites enhances strength; modification to the run length and structure of the soft phase enhances elasticity. Resultant materials have been subjected to mechanical tests using Instron; generated stress/strain curves have shown plastic and elastic behavior. Depending on the composition obtained samples have shown moduli from 0.3 to 115 MPa, tensile strengths from 0.6 to 10 MPa and elongations from 20 to 700%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3992–4011, 2008
Classification of myofibers using statistics of the helix angle: a novel approach to characterize the structure of the human heart (2011)

To characterize the microstructure of human/mammalian hearts using a statistical definition of fiber helix angle in the myocardial continuum.
Characteristics of permanent-magnet type 3-phase stepping motor (2002)

The three-phase stepping motor is considered to be superior to others from the viewpoint of cost-performance. However, no study has been made on a three-phase stepping motor having a permanent-magnet rotor, such as hybrid type (HB type) or claw-pole type. This paper presents an analytical and experimental evaluation of the performance characteristics of a permanent magnet type three-phase stepping motor. The influence of motor construction and driving conditions on the performance of HB type three-phase stepping motors are investigated. Further, a new type of three-phase stepping motor having a ring magnet rotor in place of a HB type rotor is proposed, and the characteristics of this motor are being investigated showing that they are superior to those of HB type motor.
Flux Pinning in Melt-Grown NdBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> and SmBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> Superconductors (1994)

REBa 2 Cu 3 O y superconductors with rare earth (RE) ions with large radii (RE: La, Nd, Sm) exhibit relatively low T c due to the presence of RE-Ba solid solution. We have found that this solid solution can be suppressed if these superconductors are melt processed in a reduced oxygen atmosphere. We have also found that critical current densities of these superconductors are higher than those of melt processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O y with fine Y 2 BaCuO 5 inclusions in a high field region. The irreversibility line was also shifted toward the higher H-T region. We believe that flux pinning in these superconductors is ascribable to a finely distributed RE(Ba 1- x , RE x ) 2 Cu 3 O y phase in a good superconductive matrix.
Small molecule activator of Nm23/NDPK as an inhibitor of metastasis (2018)

Nm23-H1/NDPK-A is a tumor metastasis suppressor having NDP kinase (NDPK) activity. Nm23-H1 is positively associated with prolonged disease-free survival and good prognosis of cancer patients. Approaches to increasing the cellular levels of Nm23-H1 therefore have significance in the therapy of metastatic cancers. We found a small molecule, (±)-trans-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-ene, that activates Nm23, hereafter called NMac1. NMac1 directly binds to Nm23-H1 and increases its NDPK activity. Employing various NMac1 derivatives and hydrogen/deuterium mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we identified the pharmacophore and mode of action of NMac1. We found that NMac1 binds to the C-terminal of Nm23-H1 and induces the NDPK activation through its allosteric conformational changes. NMac1-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed dramatic changes in morphology and actin-cytoskeletal organization following inhibition of Rac1 activation. NMac1 also suppressed invasion and migration in vitro, and metastasis in vivo, in a breast cancer mouse model. NMac1 as an activator of NDPK has potential as an anti-metastatic agent.
Technique for protecting chip corners in wet chemical etching of silicon wafers (1991)

When a silicon wafer is under wet chemical etching, any outer comers of a chip may face severe undercutting. This undercutting problem is extremely serious for the boundary comers of the chips; and very often it can limit the compactness in the design of the chips. A special etching mask pattern was developed for protecting the boundary comers of the chips under wet chemical etching. The main central part of this pattern could prevent any undercutting at the comers during the etching. But, there was a timing ``fuse`` that would eliminate this central part and open up the comers at any desired time. Thus, the corner protection could be set up for only a specific length of time. With this ``timing bomb`` device, it in turn could allow better compactness in the design of the chips.
Conformation of a Rigid Tetrasaccharide Epitope in the Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O139 (1999)

A newly reported strain of Vibrio cholerae, known as strain O139 Bengal, is the first instance of an encapsulated strain that has caused epidemic cholera. The O-antigenic capsule is the critical antigen for protective immunity. Since mapping of the antigenic epitopes will assist in the development of a protein conjugate vaccine based on the capsular polysaccharide, we have undertaken a study of the three-dimensional conformation of the polysaccharide. It contains six residues in the repeating subunit with the unusual feature of a 4,6 cyclic phosphate on a beta-galactopyranoside. A structural epitope composed of four of the residues is somewhat similar to the Lewis(b) blood group tetrasaccharide. Polysaccharide samples enriched in (13)C have been prepared by growth of the bacteria in (13)C-enriched medium. Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR and molecular modeling studies are reported, which show that the O139 tetrasaccharide adopts a compact and tightly folded conformation that is relatively rigid and similar to the Le(b) conformation. The cyclic phosphate on the beta-galactopyranoside residue is in contact with the colitose residue linked to the beta-GlcNAc.
Optimizing the photomechanical performance of glassy azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (2012)

Glassy, polydomain azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) have been synthesized, characterized, and modeled to understand composition dependence on large amplitude, bidirectional bending and twisting deformation upon irradiation with linearly polarized blue-green (440-514 nm) light. These materials exhibit interesting properties for adaptive structure applications in which the shape of the photoresponsive solid state structure can be rapidly reconfigured with light. The basis for the photomechanical output observed in these materials is absorption of actinic light by azobenzene, which upon photoisomerization dictates an internal stress within the local polymer network. The photoinduced disruption of the order/orientation of the local polymer network accompanying photoisomerization is manifested in a macroscopic deformation. Accordingly, this work examines the polarization-controlled bidirectional bending of highly concentrated azo-LCN materials and compares the macroscopic bending to a nonlinear photoshell model. The resulting photomechanical output is highly dependent on the concentration of crosslinked azobenzene mesogens employed in the formulation. The model comparisons illustrate differences in internal photostrain and deformation rates as a function of composition.
Burn Depth Estimation Based on Infrared Imaging of Thermally Excited Tissue (1999)

Accurate estimation of the depth of partial-thickness burns and the early prediction of a need for surgical intervention are difficult. A non-invasive technique utilizing the difference in thermal relaxation time between burned and normal skin may be useful in this regard. In practice, a thermal camera would record the skin's response to heating or cooling by a small amount-roughly 5 C for a short duration. The thermal stimulus would be provided by a heat lamp, hot or cold air, or other means. Processing of the thermal transients would reveal areas that returned to equilibrium at different rates, which should correspond to different burn depths. In deeper thickness burns, the outside layer of skin is further removed from the constant-temperature region maintained through blood flow. Deeper thickness areas should thus return to equilibrium more slowly than other areas. Since the technique only records changes in the skin's temperature, it is not sensitive to room temperature, the burn's location, or the state of the patient. Preliminary results are presented for analysis of a simulated burn, formed by applying a patch of biosynthetic wound dressing on top of normal skin tissue.
All-window profiling and composable models of cache sharing (2011)

As multi-core processors become commonplace and cloud computing is gaining acceptance, more applications are run in a shared cache environment. Cache sharing depends on a concept called footprint, which depends on all cache accesses not just cache misses. Previous work has recognized the importance of footprint but has not provided a method for accurate measurement, mainly because the complete measurement requires counting data access in all execution windows, which takes time quadratic in the length of a trace. The paper first presents an algorithm efficient enough for off-line use to approximately measure the footprint with a guaranteed precision. The cost of the analysis can be adjusted by changing the precision. Then the paper presents a composable model. For a set of programs, the model uses the all-window footprint of each program to predict its cache interference with other programs without running these programs together. The paper evaluates the efficiency of all-window profiling using the SPEC 2000 benchmarks and compares the footprint interference model with a miss-rate based model and with exhaustive testing.
Maternal plasma-soluble ST2 concentrations are elevated prior to the development of early and late onset preeclampsia – a longitudinal study (2017)

Maternal plasma sST2 concentrations are elevated 6 weeks prior to the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. An increase in the maternal plasma concentration of sST2 may contribute to an exaggerated intravascular inflammatory response and/or the Th1/Th2 imbalance in some cases.