gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a progress indicator for database queries (2004)

Many modern software systems provide progress indicators for long-running tasks. These progress indicators make systems more user-friendly by helping the user quickly estimate how much of the task has been completed and when the task will finish. However, none of the existing commercial RDBMSs provides a non-trival progress indicator for long-running queries. In this paper, we consider the problem of supporting such progress indicators. After discussing the goals and challenges inherent in this problem, we present a set of techniques sufficient for implementing a simple yet useful progress indicator for a large subset of RDBMS queries. We report an initial implementation of these techniques in PostgreSQL.
Slow Magic Angle Sample Spinning: A Non- or Minimally Invasive Method for High-Resolution 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Metabolic Profiling (2010)

High-resolution (1)H magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), using a sample spinning rate of several kilohertz or more (i.e., high-resolution magic angle spinning (hr-MAS)), is a well-established method for metabolic profiling in intact tissues without the need for sample extraction. The only shortcoming with hr-MAS is that it is invasive and is thus unusable for non-destructive detections. Recently, a method called slow MAS, using the concept of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, has emerged as an alternative method for non- or minimally invasive metabolomics in intact tissues, including live animals, due to the slow or ultra-slow sample spinning used. Although slow MAS is a powerful method, its applications are hindered by experimental challenges. Correctly designing the experiment and choosing the appropriate slow MAS method both require a fundamental understanding of the operation principles, in particular the details of line narrowing due to the presence of molecular diffusion. However, these fundamental principles have not yet been fully disclosed in previous publications. The goal of this chapter is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the principles associated with slow MAS techniques by emphasizing the challenges associated with a phantom sample consisting of glass beads and H(2)O, where an unusually large magnetic susceptibility field gradient is obtained.
Noninvasive assessment of diabetic foot ulcers with diffuse photon density wave methodology: pilot human study (2009)

A pilot human study is conducted to evaluate the potential of using diffuse photon density wave (DPDW) methodology at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (685 to 830 nm) to monitor changes in tissue hemoglobin concentration in diabetic foot ulcers. Hemoglobin concentration is measured by DPDW in 12 human wounds for a period ranging from 10 to 61 weeks. In all wounds that healed completely, gradual decreases in optical absorption coefficient, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, and total hemoglobin concentration are observed between the first and last measurements. In nonhealing wounds, the rates of change of these properties are nearly zero or slightly positive, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) is observed in the rates of change between healing and nonhealing wounds. Differences in the variability of DPDW measurements over time are observed between healing and nonhealing wounds, and this variance may also be a useful indicator of nonhealing wounds. Our results demonstrate that DPDW methodology with a frequency domain NIR device can differentiate healing from nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers, and indicate that it may have clinical utility in the evaluation of wound healing potential.
Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis of Monodisperse Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Nanocrystals (2018)

Lead iodide based perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials ideal for solar cells. Recently emerged perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) offer more advantages including improved size-tunable band gap, structural stability, and solvent-based processing. Here we report a simple surfactant-assisted two-step synthesis to produce monodisperse PbI₂ NCs which are then converted to methylammonium lead iodide perovskite NCs. Based on electron microscopy characterization, these NCs showed competitive monodispersity. Combined results from X-ray diffraction patterns, optical absorption, and photoluminescence confirmed the formation of high quality methylammonium lead iodide perovskite NCs. More importantly, by avoiding the use of hard-to-remove chemicals, the resulted perovskite NCs can be readily integrated in applications, especially solar cells through versatile solution/colloidal-based methods.
Photochemically Controlled Photonic Crystals (2003)

Abstract We have developed photochemically controlled photonic crystals that may be useful in novel recordable and erasable memories and/or display devices. These materials can operate in the UV, visible, or near‐IR spectral regions. Information is recorded and erased by exciting the photonic crystal with ∼ 360 nm UV light or ∼ 480 nm visible light. The information recorded is read out by measuring the photonic crystal diffraction wavelength. The active element of the device is an azobenzene‐functionalized hydrogel, which contains an embedded crystalline colloidal array. UV excitation forms cis ‐azobenzene while visible excitation forms trans ‐azobenzene. The more favorable free energy of mixing of cis ‐azobenzene causes the hydrogel to swell and to red‐shift the photonic crystal diffraction. We also observe fast nanosecond, microsecond, and millisecond transient dynamics associated with fast heating lattice constant changes, refractive index changes, and thermal relaxations.
Native early antigen of Epstein–Barr virus, a promising antigen for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2007)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen (EA) complex consists of multiple proteins with relevance for diagnosis of acute, chronic and malignant EBV related diseases, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In a recent study, it was found that the molecular diversity of EBV-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in NPC patients and demonstrated that these reflect independent B-cell triggering leading to distinct EBV antigen-recognition profiles. The fine-specificity of NPC-related IgG and IgA responses was explored further against defined recombinant and synthetic EBV-EA antigens using immunofluorescence, immunoblot and ELISA techniques and determined their diagnostic value in a large panel of sera from NPC (n = 154), non-NPC tumor patients (n = 133), acute mononucleosis patients (n = 70) and healthy EBV carriers (n = 259). Individual recombinant EBV-EA markers yielded sensitivity/specificity values not exceeding 86%, whereas selected EA-specific peptide epitopes were rather poorly recognized by IgG and IgA antibodies in NPC sera. Surprisingly, we found that a "low salt" native EA-protein extract reproducibly prepared from purified nuclei of EA-induced HH514 cells, and containing characteristic EA(D)-polypeptides, such as p47-54 (BMRF1), p138 (BALF2), p55-DNAse (BGLF5), and p65-TK (BXLF1), but without viral capsid (VCA) or nuclear antigen (EBNA) reactivity, gave highest sensitivity (90.4%) and specificity (95.5%) values for NPC diagnosis in both IgG and IgA ELISA. The data support further the notion that EBV-EA reactive IgG and IgA antibodies in NPC patients are directed against distinct conformational and-in part-linear epitopes on EBV-specific proteins, barely recognized in other EBV-related syndromes. The use of a defined native EBV EA-specific antigen opens the way to further improve serological diagnosis of NPC.
Nanoparticle Assemblies in Supramolecular Nanocomposite Thin Films: Concentration Dependence (2015)

The phase behavior of supramolecular nanocomposite thin films was systematically investigated as a function of nanoparticle (NP) loading from 1 to >50 wt %. The coassembly of NP and supramolecule can be divided into five regimes, from a supramolecule-guided assembly to a NP governing assembly process, depending on the energetic contributions from the surface energy, NP-supramolecule interaction, and the kinetic pathway of the assembly process. A range of morphologies such as 1D NP chains, 2D sheets, 3D NP assemblies, and NP solids can be readily obtained, providing opportunities to meet structural control in nanocomposites for a wide range of applications.
Variable Flow Turbofan Engine for an HSCT Application (1997)

A variable flow fan aircraft propulsion system offers the potential for achieving a low specific thrust with high flow and low jet velocity requirement as specified for takeoff, side-line noise, initial climb, and a high specific thrust requirement for climb and acceleration to supersonic cruise. These requirements are conflicting. To achieve this, the operating envelope of a variable flow fan has to be expanded over existing turbofan engines. The variable flow fan concept (i.e., the Variable Fan Exit or “VFX”) can efficiently operate beyond the usual fan (or compressor) stall operating line using novel methods of designing and scheduling the fan geometry as a function of flight Mach Number, fan pressure ratio and corrected speed. Fan geometry is altered by using variable inlet guide vanes (IGV’s), variable stators, and variable outlet guide vanes (OGV’s).
Ultra-high-speed PLL-type clock recovery circuit based on all-optical gain modulation in traveling-wave laser diode amplifier (1993)

A new phase lock loop (PLL) is developed for very-high-speed optical timing extraction using traveling-wave laser-diode amplifier (TW-LDA) as a phase detector. The all-optical gain modulation of the TW-LDA is utilized to detect the relative phase difference between an optical signal and an optical clock The frequency response of the optical gain modulation measured with the optical heterodyne technique agrees with the theoretical results based on a rate equation model. With the developed PLL, 10-GHz optical timing clock is successfully extracted from randomly modulated optical signal pulses and the measured bit-error-rate performance shows no power penalty. Influence of the received optical noise on the phase variance of the PLL is also evaluated and it is concluded that 100 GHz operation is possible by increasing the input optical power to 10 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Nonlinear Droop Control in DC Power Distribution Systems: Load Sharing, Voltage Regulation, Efficiency, and Stability (2019)

Linear droop faces the design tradeoff between voltage regulation and load sharing due to cable resistances and sensing errors. Using a larger droop resistance improves load sharing, but requires a wider droop voltage range. In the nonlinear droop, droop resistance is a function of the converter's output current, and its value increases when the output current increases. As a result, the impacts from sensors and cables are reduced. In this paper, the design of nonlinear droop in dc power distribution systems is studied with special emphasis on load sharing, voltage regulation, system efficiency, and stability. After discussing the piecewise linear and nonlinear droop control, a generic polynomial expression is presented to unify different droop equations. The impact of droop on dc system efficiency is analyzed by evaluating cable and power converter losses. The converter's output impedance using nonlinear droop is modeled to analyze the system stability with constant power loads. The selection and design guidelines of nonlinear droop are summarized, considering both the static performance and interaction with load systems. The analysis is verified in 400-V multi-source dc systems. The nonlinear droop is fully distributed as it only needs local information.
Improved fermentative alcohol production. [Patent application] (1980)

An improved fermentation process is described for producing alcohol which includes the combination of vacuum fermentation and vacuum distillation. Preferably, the vacuum distillation is carried out in two phases, one a fermentor proper operated at atmospheric pressure and a flash phase operated at reduced pressure with recycle of fermentation brew having a reduced alcohol content to the fermentor, using vapor recompression heating of the flash-pot recycle stream to heat the flash-pot or the distillation step, and using water load balancing (i.e., the molar ratio of water in the fermentor feed is the same as the molar ratio of water in the distillation overhead).
High-Performance Battery-Pack Power Estimation Using a Dynamic Cell Model (2004)

In some battery applications, such as in hybrid electric vehicles or battery electric vehicles, it is necessary to be able to estimate, in real time, the present available power that may be sourced by the battery pack. Similarly, in rechargeable packs, it may be necessary to know how much charging power the pack can accept. These values must be carefully calculated in such a way that the pack will not be damaged by over/under charge or voltage or by exceeding a design current or power limit. This paper describes a method that uses a dynamic cell model and state-of-charge side information to very accurately predict the battery-pack available power.
Characterization and in-vivo evaluation of a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope for minimally invasive surgery (2014)

The state-of-the-art laparoscope lacks the ability to capture high-magnification and wide-angle images simultaneously, which introduces challenges when both close- up views for details and wide-angle overviews for orientation are required in clinical practice. A multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) which can provide the surgeon both high-magnification close-up and wide-angle images was proposed to address the limitations of the state-of-art surgical laparoscopes. In this paper, we present the overall system design from both clinical and optical system perspectives along with a set of experiments to characterize the optical performances of our prototype system and describe our preliminary in-vivo evaluation of the prototype with a pig model. The experimental results demonstrate that at the optimum working distance of 120mm, the high-magnification probe has a resolution of 6.35lp/mm and image a surgical area of 53 × 40mm(2); the wide-angle probe provides a surgical area coverage of 160 × 120mm(2) with a resolution of 2.83lp/mm. The in-vivo evaluation demonstrates that MRFL has great potential in clinical applications for improving the safety and efficiency of the laparoscopic surgery.
SBS mitigation with multi-tone amplification: a theoretical model (2008)

Two approaches to two- and three-tone seeding of high power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers are investigated using a symbolic and numerical code that solves a two point boundary problem consisting of a 12×12 system of nonlinear differential equations. Optimization of amplifier action is considered in relation to the two most dominant nonlinear effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering and four-wave mixing. One approach uses a large wavelength separation among the input seed beams, while in the other approach the seeds are separated by precisely twice the Brillouin shift. It is found that for both techniques significant increase in amplifier output can be obtained, although for the latter case a substantial amount of power is generated in the four-wave mixing sidebands.
Late-season Prediction Of Wheat Grain Yield And Grain Protein (2003)

Pre-harvest prediction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and/or protein could assist farmers in generating yield maps and reliable product marketing. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spectral measurements (taken from Feekes growth stage 8 to physiological maturity) and grain yield and grain protein. Spectral measurements were taken using photodiode detectors and interference filters for near-infrared (NIR) and red spectral bands. The study was conducted over 2 years at seven locations where existing field experiments were already in place across Oklahoma. Spectral readings were taken at Feekes growth stages 8, 9, 10.5, 11.2, and 11.4. The normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) was calculated. In both cropping cycles, NDVI was well correlated with grain yield, grain N uptake, straw N uptake, and total N uptake at Feekes growth stages 9 and 10.5 (R2>0.5). However, by Feekes 11.2 no relationship between NDVI and grain yield or N uptake was observed. In 1999–2000 at Feekes 11.4 (harvest), NDVI and grain yield were poorly correlated. Across locations and years, no consistent relationship existed between NDVI and grain N or straw N at any stage of growth. Grain N and straw N could not be reliably predicted using NDVI at any stage of growth.
Inhibition of Human Tumor Cell Induced Platelet Aggregation by Antibodies to Platelet Glycoproteins lb and llb/llla (1987)

Tumor cell induced platelet aggregation was shown to be inhibited in a dose dependent manner by preincubation of human platelets with antibodies to platelet glycoprotein Ib and the IIb/IIIa complex. Combination of antibody to Ib and antibody to the IIb/IIIa complex at concentrations which produced half maximal inhibition of platelet aggregation alone caused complete inhibition of tumor cell induced platelet aggregation. Antibodies to platelet glycoproteins Ib and the IIb/IIIa complex also inhibited platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2, but not synthesis of 12-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. Inhibition of tumor cell induced platelet aggregation with antibodies against platelet glycoproteins suggests a role for these glycoproteins in tumor cell-platelet interactions and possibly platelet facilitated tumor cell metastasis.
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A of Invasive<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Isolates from Colombian Children (2001)

Abstract Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) elicits protection in mice against fatal bacteremia and sepsis caused by genetically diverse pneumococci and protects against carriage and lung infection. We determined the PspA families of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from Colombian children <5 years of age. That 97.5% of Colombian isolates belong to PspA families 1 and 2 supports the hypothesis that a human PspA vaccine covering a few PspA families could be broadly effective.
Ability of the Borreliacidal Antibody Test To Confirm Lyme Disease in Clinical Practice (2002)

Highly specific borreliacidal antibodies are induced by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, and a borreliacidal antibody test (BAT) may be an accurate laboratory procedure for confirming Lyme disease in clinical practice. To investigate this, 34 Lyme disease sera and 34 sera from patients with other illnesses who had presented to a primary-care facility located in an area of borreliosis endemicity were tested by the BAT and Western blotting (WB). The BAT was more sensitive (79% versus 65%; P = 0.090), especially in cases in which patients had a single erythema migrans lesion (P = 0.021). In addition, the potentially cross-reactive sera were negative by the BAT but WB yielded three (9%) false-positive results. The results from 104 sera from possible Lyme disease patients demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the more sensitive and specific BAT. The BAT was positive for 40 (38%) sera from patients with Lyme disease-related symptoms and appropriate clinical and epidemiological findings. WB confirmed Lyme disease in 30 (75%) of the 40 BAT-positive patients but failed to detect B. burgdorferi infection in 10 BAT-positive patients. WB was also positive for 11 BAT-negative sera, but six (55%) patients had case histories which suggested that the results were false positives. Collectively, the results confirm that the BAT is a sensitive and highly specific test and suggest that widespread use would increase the accuracy of serodiagnostic confirmation of Lyme disease.
Efficient site directed<i>in vitro</i>mutagenesis using ampicillin selection (1990)

A novel plasmid vector pSELECT-1 is described which can be used for highly efficient site-directed in vitro mutagenesis. The mutagenesis method is based on the use of single-stranded DNA and two primers, one mutagenic primer and a second correction primer which corrects a defect in the ampicillin resistance gene on the vector and reverts the vector to ampicillin resistance. Using T4 DNA polymerase and T4 DNA ligase the two primers are physically linked on the template. The non-mutant DNA strand is selected against by growth in the presence of ampicillin. In tests of the vector, highly efficient (60-90%) mutagenesis was obtained.
Submicrometer Cavity Surface Plasmon Sensors (2005)

A miniaturized spherical surface plasmon sensor for measuring the binding kinetics of unlabeled molecules is introduced. The sensor has a submicrometer footprint with a sensitivity that rivals that of state-of-the-art commercial planar surface plasmon sensors, which makes it valuable for applications requiring integration of detection of molecular species in microfluidic channels. The basic principle of the sensor is exploiting the wavelength shifts of the cavity resonances of a metal-coated submicrometer sphere embedded in an opaque metal film due to molecular adsorption. The sensor has been found to be exquisitely responsive in air to water and ethanol vapor adsorption on the bare gold sensor surface. When immersed in a liquid, the sensor can detect the adsorption of less than one monolayer of dodecanethiol (approximately 1.5 nm) on the gold coating of the sphere.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of rituximab with or without ibrutinib for Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (PCYC-1127-CA). (2015)

TPS8599 Background: Current treatments for Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM) are not curative, and a standard of care does not exist. A highly recurrent somatic mutation in WM, MYD88 L265P, signals through interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) to mediate the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway (Yang, 2013). Ibrutinib (ibr), an oral inhibitor of BTK, impairs crosstalk between MYD88 and BTK, and blocks BTK dependent downstream signaling within the B-cell receptor pathway inducing apoptosis of WM cells (Treon, 2012).Thus, ibr offers a novel therapeutic approach for pts with WM. Pts with previously treated WM receiving different ibr doses achieved durable responses in a phase (Ph) 1 study (Advani, 2013). This was confirmed in a Ph 2 trial of ibr 420 mg daily (overall response rate [ORR] of 87%; Treon, 2014) leading to the first FDA approval in WM. Ibr + rituximab (rtx) showed activity and tolerability in high-risk CLL and MCL. This Ph 3 study evaluates the safety and efficacy of ibr + rtx vs. placebo + rtx in pts with WM. Methods: Approximately 150 pts will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive rtx 375 mg/m2 IV weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a second 4-weekly rtx course 3-months later, and either ibr 420 mg daily or matching placebo until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Key inclusion criteria include WM with documented PD or no response (stable disease) to last treatment if previously treated; symptomatic disease requiring treatment per the 2nd International Workshop on WM; and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. Exclusion criteria include CNS involvement and clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Pts refractory to the last rtx-containing therapy excluded from the randomized study are eligible for the open-label single-agent ibr substudy (n = 30). The primary endpoint is progression-free survival assessed by an independent review committee. Secondary endpoints are ORR, overall survival, hematologic improvement, time to next treatment, and safety. Pts in the control arm may receive single-agent ibr after confirmation of PD. Enrollment began in July 2014 (NCT02165397). Clinical trial information: NCT02165397.