gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt5a promotes Frizzled-4 signalosome assembly by stabilizing cysteine-rich domain dimerization (2017)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated when extracellular Wnt ligands bind Frizzled (FZD) receptors at the cell membrane. Wnts bind FZD cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) with high affinity through a palmitoylated N-terminal "thumb" and a disulfide-stabilized C-terminal "index finger," yet how these binding events trigger receptor activation and intracellular signaling remains unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the Frizzled-4 (FZD<sub>4</sub>) CRD in complex with palmitoleic acid, which reveals a CRD tetramer consisting of two cross-braced CRD dimers. Each dimer is stabilized by interactions of one hydrophobic palmitoleic acid tail with two CRD palmitoleoyl-binding grooves oriented end to end, suggesting that the Wnt palmitoleoyl group stimulates CRD-CRD interaction. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in live cells, we show that WNT5A stimulates dimerization of membrane-anchored FZD<sub>4</sub> CRDs and oligomerization of full-length FZD<sub>4</sub>, which requires the integrity of CRD palmitoleoyl-binding residues. These results suggest that FZD receptors may form signalosomes in response to Wnt binding through the CRDs and that the Wnt palmitoleoyl group is important in promoting these interactions. These results complement our understanding of lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6), Dishevelled, and Axin signalosome assembly and provide a more complete model for Wnt signalosome assembly both intracellularly and at the membrane.
Comparison of Neural Networks for Foreign Exchange Rate Prediction (2020)

The paper incorporates a comparison between long short term memory (LSTM), simple recurrent neural networks (SRNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to predict currency exchange rate for 22 countries-currencies against United States Dollar(USD) simultaneously. The models predict foreign currency exchange rates for 30 consecutive days by taking the last 365 days of data as input. The models work with the same number of neural network layers, input, targeted output, optimizer, and learning rate.
High-concentration topical capsaicin in the management of refractory neuropathic pain in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case series (2018)

As suggested in this case series, capsaicin provided pain relief in certain NF1 patients with resistant NP. The response rate is that expected in multi-line refractory NP. A significant benefit on the overall condition of some patients was observed. In addition, this topical treatment is administered every 3 months without systemic effects. This study is limited by the small number of patients, but was intended to describe a new and well tolerated alternative treatment.
In vivo Behavior of Liposomes Modified with a Novel Galactosyllipid Derivative. (1996)

We studied the in vivo behavior of galactosyllipid-modified liposomes for targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor present on the surface of liver parenchymal cells. We examined the effects of the lipid composition of liposomes on the in vivo behavior of galactosyllipid-modified liposomes, and found good accumulation in the liver of liposomes of a high cholesterol content and liposomes made of lipids of a high gel-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature. The amount of modification with the galactosyllipid derivative required for effective targeting to the liver was found to be more than 5% of the total lipids. The concentration of galactosyllipid-modified liposomes was lower than that of control liposomes in all the organs except for the liver, showing high selectivity of galactosyllipid-modified liposomes for the liver. Hepatic accumulation of liposomes was inhibited by preinjection of asialofetuin. This result suggests that hepatic accumulation of ¿8-(2-hexadecyloctadecanoylamido)-3,6-dioxaoctyl¿-beta-D-gal actoside (Gal-t-psa) liposome was involved with the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the liver. Therefore, it was concluded that our neogalactolipid-modified liposomes are useful for selective delivery to the liver.
Inhibition of PCR in Genital and Urine Specimens Submitted for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Testing (1998)

We determined the frequency of PCR inhibition in genital and urine specimens submitted for Chlamydia trachomatis testing using the internal control DNA provided with the COBAS AMPLICOR C. trachomatis test and assessed methods to remove it. Inhibition occurred in 65 of 906 (7%) cervical swabs, 23 of 51 (45%) urethral swabs, and 2 of 175 (1.1%) urine samples. Overall, inhibition was eliminated in processed specimens after storage at 4 degrees C in 77 of 90 specimens (86%), freezing at -70 degrees C in 59 of 82 specimens (72%), storage at 4 degrees C followed by either 1:100 dilution in 37 of 43 specimens (86%) or 1:10 dilution in 42 of 47 specimens (89%), and phenol-chloroform extraction in 79 of 80 specimens (99%). No positive specimens were missed due to inhibition. We conclude that PCR inhibition is rare with urine specimens and infrequent with endocervical swabs but occurs frequently with urethral swabs. The frequency of PCR inhibition may be significantly reduced by methods which can be easily incorporated into the processing of specimens.
Measurement of Motion Activity during Ambulatory Using Pulse Oximeter and Triaxial Accelerometer (2008)

An ambulatory pulse oximeter system based on wireless sensor network is designed and integrated to the wearable sensor node. The system is developed to measure motion activities using pulse oximeter and triaxial accelerometer sensor during in motion. The input signals are pulse oximeter and triaxial acceleration signals which are acquired from a finger. However, motion artifact is originated a result in a distorted PPG signal which may cause between the skin and sensor during physical activity. Therefore, motion artifacts prevent their broad in wearable, ambulatory pulse oximeter system. The measurement of those signals, such as the PPG and the electrocardiogram (ECG) requires being still tight during the measurement in order to get the accurate result preventing noises caused by the casual movement. In this paper, we calibrate the distorted PPG signal with the motion activities by measuring PPG and motion signals by using triaxial accelerometer as a reference signal. The system allows PPG signals to be transmitted in wireless sensor network from the pulse oximeter to a base-station connected to server PC via IEEE 802.15.4. The experiments were performed by using wearable ECG, accelerometer sensor and ambulatory pulse oximeter for measuring in different scenarios such as resting, swing, walking, etc.
Human Eukaryotic Release Factor 3a Depletion Causes Cell Cycle Arrest at G<sub>1</sub> Phase through Inhibition of the mTOR Pathway (2007)

Eukaryotic release factor 3 (eRF3) is a GTPase associated with eRF1 in a complex that mediates translation termination in eukaryotes. Studies have related eRF3 with cell cycle regulation, cytoskeleton organization, and tumorigenesis. In mammals, two genes encode two distinct forms of eRF3, eRF3a and eRF3b, which differ in their N-terminal domains. eRF3a is the major factor acting in translation termination, and its expression level controls termination complex formation. Here, we investigate the role of eRF3a in cell cycle progression using short interfering RNAs and flow cytometry. We show that eRF3a depletion induces a G1 arrest and that eRF3a GTP-binding activity, but not the eRF3a N-terminal domain, is required to restore G1-to-S-phase progression. We also show that eRF3a depletion decreases the global translation rate and reduces the polysome charge of mRNA. Finally, we show that two substrates of the mammalian TOR (mTOR) kinase, 4E-BP1 and protein kinase S6K1, are hypophosphorylated in eRF3a-depleted cells. These results strongly suggest that the G1 arrest and the decrease in translation induced by eRF3a depletion are due to the inhibition of mTOR activity and hence that eRF3a belongs to the regulatory pathway of mTOR activity.
A first step towards user assisted online social networks (2010)

The current Online Social Networks' infrastructure is composed by thousands of servers distributed across data-centers spread over several geographical locations. These servers store all the users' information (profile, contacts, contents, etc). Such an infrastructure incurs high operational and maintenance costs. Furthermore, this may threaten the scalability, the reliability, the availability and the privacy of the offered service. On the other hand this centralized approach gives to the OSN provider full control over a huge amount of valuable information. This information constitutes the basis of the OSN provider's business.
The Pursuit of Excellence Through Education (2001)

Although specific definitions may change over time, few goals are considered more important to education than the pursuit of academic excellence. There are many different viewpoints on this issue today among educational psychologists and other social scientists. One particularly glaring fault line in the debate divides those who emphasize developing individual learning and those who focus on promoting cultural and institutional reform. These two perspectives are rarely addressed in a single volume. In this book, well-known theorists and researchers present a range of perspectives on how to promote excellence in education. This allows those who stress transformation of educational practice and those who emphasize individual abilities to speak to each, and invites readers to jointly consider the arguments for both positions, or for some synthesis of the two. The point is to consider how these two divergent viewpoints can be reconciled, or simply coordinated, in an effort to benefit both students and society at large. The main thesis is that excellence can be fostered without sacrificing equity, both of which are fundamental tenets of a democratic education. The issues addressed in this book have implications and relevance for school reform efforts and across the fields of educational psychology, curriculum and instruction, philosophy of education, and educational leadership. The volume provides a unique source for students and teachers in various disciplines who want to gain a broader and more integrated view of the nature and development of excellence through education.
Measurement of capacitance using identical oscillators (1993)

A novel method for the measurement of (extremely small) capacitances is presented. Two oscillators are used, both operate at the same frequency; but the insertion of an unknown capacitor in the circuit changes the frequency of one of the oscillators while the other is used as the reference. This resultant change in the frequency has a linear relationship with the unknown capacitance. The use of identical oscillators makes the readout circuitry much simpler and results in significant hardware savings. A meter for the 99 pF range with l00 fF resolution and a worst case accuracy of better than 2% was constructed to verify the validity of the principle. However a resolution in the sub-femtofarad region is highly feasible, which makes the method suitable for transducer applications. With a choice of waveform generators available, the method is simple to implement with only a few off-the-shelf components and gives an above average performance.
Innervation of caudal denervated ventral roots and their target muscles by the rostral spinal motoneurons after implanting a nerve autograft in spinal cord—injured adult marmosets (2001)

These data indicate that the rostral spinal neurons can regrow into the caudal ventral roots through an NAG, thereby innervating the target muscle in adult marmosets after spinal cord injury.
Scheimpflug stereocamera for particle image velocimetry in liquid flows (1995)

A novel stereocamera has been developed based on the angular-displacement method, wherein the two camera axes are oriented in a nonorthogonal manner toward the object plane. The stereocamera satisfies the Scheimpflug condition such that the image plane, the object plane, and the lens plane are nominally colinear. A unique feature of the stereocamera is the introduction of a liquid prism between the object plane and the recording lens, which significantly reduces the radial distortions that arise when imaging through a thick liquid layer. The design of the camera and its computer optimization with geometric modeling are described. Results indicate that the use of a liquid prism reduces the amount of radial distortion by an order of magnitude. The results have been shown to agree very well with experiments.
Near-Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2011)

We investigate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in near zero field, where the Zeeman interaction can be treated as a perturbation to the electron mediated scalar interaction (J coupling). This is in stark contrast to the high-field case, where heteronuclear J couplings are normally treated as a small perturbation. We show that the presence of very small magnetic fields results in splitting of the zero-field NMR lines, imparting considerable additional information to the pure zero-field spectra. Experimental results are in good agreement with first-order perturbation theory and with full numerical simulation when perturbation theory breaks down. We present simple rules for understanding the splitting patterns in near-zero-field NMR, which can be applied to molecules with nontrivial spectra.
Parallel geometric algorithms for multi-core computers (2009)

Computers with multiple processor cores using shared memory are now ubiquitous. In this paper, we present several parallel geometric algorithms that specifically target this environment, with the goal of exploiting the additional computing power. The d-dimensional algorithms we describe are (a) spatial sorting of points, as is typically used for preprocessing before using incremental algorithms, (b) kd-tree construction, (c) axis-aligned box intersection computation, and finally (d) bulk insertion of points in Delaunay triangulations for mesh generation algorithms or simply computing Delaunay triangulations. We show experimental results for these algorithms in 3D, using our implementations based on the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library (CGAL, http://www.cgal.org/). This work is a step towards what we hope will become a parallel mode for CGAL, where algorithms automatically use the available parallel resources without requiring significant user intervention.
CARBON NANOTUBES BASED THIN FILMS: FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS (2014)

Composite thin films based on carbon nanotubes have received immense attention which is attributed to their distinct mechanical, thermal, optical and structure properties. Depending on the film compositions and preparation methods, carbon nanotube based thin films can be tuned for various applications in many fields. In this comprehensive review paper, we overview the recent methods for the fabrication of carbon nanotube based thin films and the versatile techniques for film characterization. Applications of carbon nanotube based thin films and their devices are also reviewed. The remaining issues that impede the practical applications of thin films are pointed out to enlighten their future research.
Dry Eye in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Role of Inflammatory Infiltrate (1999)

Dry-eye associated symptoms are frequently present in patients affected with allergic conjunctivitis. We evaluated the relationship between ocular inflammation and the tear film parameters in patients affected with chronic allergic conjunctivitis. Eighty-two subjects (age 23.00 ± 7.61: range 10-40) affected with chronic allergic conjunctivitis and thirty age- and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. In all patients tear film qualitative and quantitative tests were performed. To determine the immune activation state, conjunctival biopsies were obtained from the inferior conjunctival fornix. Immunocytochemical markers for CD45RO, CD8, CD20 and EG2 (monoclonal antibody binding eosinophil cationic protein) were evaluated semiquantitatively. All tear film tests were found altered. They were reduced in allergic patients (p<0.001). In conjunctival biopsies of allergic patients a very high number of CD45RO+ and EG2+ cells were found (p<0.001): a lower number of CD45RO+ cells and no EG2+ cells in control biopsies were found. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between tear tests and conjunctival infiltrate (CD45RO+ and EG2+): The tear film alterations are strictly related to the conjunctival immune infiltration. In particular, the reduction of the mucin-related component of tear film can be related to the toxic effect of the granule cationic proteins released by the conjunctival activated eosinophils (EG2+ cells).
The fructokinase from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii belongs to group I fructokinase enzymes and is encoded separately from other carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (1996)

The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii BAL fructokinase (frk) gene was isolated on a 2 center dot 4 kb BamHI fragment from the cosmid pLA72 by complementation analysis of the Tn5-induced frk mutant BAL79, and confirmed by hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of the frk gene was found to contain an open reading frame consisting of 978 bp encoding 326 amino acids, which was then compared to known fructokinase sequences. The fructokinase gene was not contained in an operon and is encoded separately from other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Its product is therefore assigned to the group I fructokinases. A putative promoter (TTGACA-N16-GTTGAT), ribosome-binding site and termination sequence were identified. The Frk protein contained several motifs conserved in other known fructokinase sequences, including an ATP-binding and a substrate-binding motif. The hydropathy plot derived from the frk gene sequence data revealed the fructokinase as a hydrophilic protein. The fructokinase protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a three-step method using chromatofocusing, affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Its purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and it was visualized as a single band by silver staining. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified fructokinase confirmed the proposed open reading frame of the frk gene. The purified fructokinase had a molecular mass of 36 center dot 5 kDa, pl of 4 center dot 65, pH activity range of 6 center dot 0-9 center dot 0 (maximum activity at pH 8 center dot 0) and a Mg2+ requirement. It had a Km of 0 center dot 31 mM and a Vmax of 31 mumol fructose 6-phosphate (mg protein)-1 min-1 with fructose as substrate. The R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii BAL fructokinase was biochemically and molecularly similar to other bacterial fructokinases.
Tabu-List Noisy Gradient Descent Bit Flipping Decoding of LDPC Codes (2019)

The Noisy Gradient Descent Bit Flipping (NGDBF) algorithm surpasses the previous Gradient Descent Bit Flipping (GDBF) and other Bit Flipping (BF) algorithms for decoding Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. However, the NGDBF decoder sometimes cannot escape from the local maxima. To further enhance the performance of the NGDBF algorithm, an improved NGDBF algorithm called Tabu-List Noisy Gradient Descent Bit Flipping (TNGDBF) is proposed in this paper. A tabu-list is employed to help the NGDBF decoder escape from the local maxima. It is shown in the simulation results that the TNGDBF algorithm gains about 0.2 dB performance compared with NGDBF at the cost of a small amount of complexity increase.
Conformational Analysis of Bicyclo [3.3.1] Nonanes and their Hetero Analogs (1991)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Conformational Analysis of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes: General Problems Conformational Analysis of Carbocyclic Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Systems: Experimental and Computational Data Conformational Studies of Hetero Analogs of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Conclusion
Wellbore-Stability Analysis Made Easy and Practical (1997)

Summary Recent years have seen much scientific and technical progress in the understanding of wellbore stability. The main causes of instabilities have been identified, models have been developed, and practical remedies proposed and often tried successfully in the field. Yet despite this scientific effort, extra drilling costs associated with well-bore instabilities remain very high. This demonstrates that until now, scientific and technical progress has somehow failed to reach final technical and economical objectives. This paper shows that the main reason for such a state of affairs is the complexity of wellbore-stability analysis, which cannot be performed for every single well on a worldwide basis. Having identified this, Agip undertook a vast effort of field-data back analysis to identify from historical records the best way to optimize its drilling planning, practice, and post-evaluation procedures. The paper presents part of this effort and in particular the back analysis of four clusters drilled in southern Italy (a total of 38 wells). It then draws conclusions for procedure optimization. Finally, it shows how the approach is used during the field-appraisal phase to speed up the learning curve and significantly cut the development-drilling costs.
Scene text localization and recognition in images and videos (2017)

Scene Text Localization and Recognition methods nd all areas in an image or a video\nthat would be considered as text by a human, mark boundaries of the areas and output\na sequence of characters associated with its content. They are used to process images\nand videos taken by a digital camera or a mobile phone and to \\read" the content of\neach text area into a digital format, typically a list of Unicode character sequences, that\ncan be processed in further applications.\nThree di erent methods for Scene Text Localization and Recognition were proposed\nin the course of the research, each one advancing the state of the art and improving the\naccuracy. The rst method detects individual characters as Extremal Regions (ER),\nwhere the probability of each ER being a character is estimated using novel features\nwith O(1) complexity and only ERs with locally maximal probability are selected across\nseveral image projections for the second stage, where the classi cation is improved using\nmore computationally expensive features. The method was the rst published method\nto address the complete problem of scene text localization and recognition as a whole\n- all previous work in the literature focused solely on di erent subproblems.\nSecondly, a novel easy-to-implement stroke detector was proposed. The detector is\nsigni cantly faster and produces signi cantly less false detections than the commonly\nused ER detector. The detector e ciently produces character strokes segmentations,\nwhich are exploited in a subsequent classi cation phase based on features e ectively\ncalculated as part of the segmentation process. Additionally, an e cient text clustering\nalgorithm based on text direction voting is proposed, which as well as the previous\nstages is scale- and rotation- invariant and supports wide variety of scripts and fonts.\nThe third method exploits a deep-learning model, which is trained for both text\ndetection and recognition in a single trainable pipeline. The method localizes and\nrecognizes text in an image in a single feed-forward pass, it is trained purely on synthetic\ndata so it does not require obtaining expensive human annotations for training and it\nachieves state-of-the-art accuracy in the end-to-end text recognition on two standard\ndatasets, whilst being an order of magnitude faster than the previous methods - the\nwhole pipeline runs at 10 frames per second.