gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct nanoimprint of submicron organic light-emitting structures (1999)

We have demonstrated a method to directly pattern organic light-emitting structures with a submicron resolution without any degradation in optical properties. Both small molecules and polymer-based light-emitting structures were patterned by nanoimprint at 150 °C in a vacuum. The comparison of luminescence efficiency before and after patterning shows that nanoimprint did not cause degradation in the optical property of the materials. Nanoimprint offers a low-cost, high-throughput, high-resolution patterning technique that opens a way for realizing novel photonic devices based on organic light-emitting materials.
Authenticated encryption protocol with perfect forward secrecy for mobile communication (2006)

Abstract Secure and authenticated message transmission is one of the major aims of mobile communication security research. To achieve this goal, a typical methodology in mobile communication is a mobile device and its server first establish a session key, then use the session key to encrypt all subsequent messages. However, establish such an authenticated session key itself is a hard work, and only use the session key to encrypt subsequent messages also cannot provide nonrepudiation. Therefore, there is a desire to seek an alternative method. In this paper, we would like to propose a new authenticated encryption protocol for mobile communication. The proposed protocol, compared with other authenticated encryption protocols, will simultaneously achieve confidentiality, integrity, authentication, nonrepudiation, and perfect forward secrecy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel algorithms for executing join on cube-connected multicomputers (2003)

The authors present parallel processing of database joins in a hypercube system based on a dynamic and order-preserving data partitioning storage organization referred to as DYOP. A DYOP file system corresponds to a grid-based file organization. A grid-based file is any file organization where the n-field (attribute) records of a file are represented as points in an n-dimensional space. Such a hyperspace is divided into a set of hyperrectangles, each of which corresponds to a disk block. In DYOP, values along each attribute are stored in an order-preserving fashion. As the file grows, its partitions are split along a dimension (attribute) by preserving the order of values. As the file growth continues, further splits are performed in such a way that each split occurs along a different attribute in a cyclic fashion. There have been two previous studies in implementing a database join operation on hypercubes. A performance comparison of these studies is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RON<i>(MST1R)</i>is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (2011)

RON (MST1R) is one of two members of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase family, along with parent receptor MET. RON has a putative role in several cancers, but its expression and function is poorly characterized in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. A recognized functional role of MET tyrosine kinase in gastroesophageal cancer has led to early phase clinical trials using MET inhibitors, with unimpressive results. Therefore, the role of RON in gastroesophageal cancer, as well as its role in cooperative signaling with MET and as a mechanism of resistance to MET inhibition, was studied in gastroesophageal tissues and cell lines. By IHC, RON was highly over-expressed in 74% of gastroesophageal samples (n=94), and over-expression was prognostic of poor survival (p=0.008); RON and MET co-expression occurred in 43% of samples and was prognostic of worst survival (p=0.03). High MST1R gene copy number by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or array comparative genomic hybridization, was seen in 35.5% (16/45) of cases. High MST1R gene copy number correlated with poor survival (p=0.01), and was associated with high MET and ERBB2 gene copy number. A novel somatic MST1R juxtamembrane mutation R1018G was found in 11% of samples. RON signaling was functional in cell lines, activating downstream effector STAT3, and resulted in increased viability over controls. RON and MET co-stimulation assays led to enhanced malignant phenotypes over stimulation of either receptor alone. Growth inhibition as evidenced by viability and apoptosis assays was optimal using novel blocking monoclonal antibodies to both RON and MET, versus either alone. SU11274, a classic MET small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked signaling of both receptors, and proved synergistic when combined with STAT3 inhibition (combination index < 1). These preclinical studies define RON as an important novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastroesophageal cancer warranting further investigation.
Differential Regulation and Function of the Fas/Fas Ligand System in Human Trophoblast Cells1 (2002)

Trophoblast rejection, which is characterized by increased apoptosis, is mediated by T helper (Th)-1, or proinflammatory, cytokines, whereas Th-2, or anti-inflammatory, cytokines confer immune protection and facilitate implantation. We investigated the role of both types of cytokines on the expression and function of the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) apoptotic pathway in trophoblast cells. First-trimester human trophoblast primary-culture cells as well as A3 and HTR/8 trophoblast cell lines were treated with proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and with the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. Sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis was measured using an activating anti-Fas monoclonal antibody. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and CellTiter 96 assay. Fas/FasL mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Trophoblast cells normally express FasL, but low levels of Fas, and they are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. IFN-gamma and TNFalpha promote Fas expression and sensitivity, whereas IL-6 and IL-10 increase the resistance of trophoblast cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, IL-10 treatment activates FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), a downstream inhibitor of Fas apoptotic signaling. Although trophoblast cells express Fas, susceptibility to Fas does not necessarily correlate with its expression. In this study, we demonstrate that Th-2 cytokines increase the resistance of trophoblast cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis either by inhibiting Fas expression or by inducing FLIP activation. This "trophoblast-cytokine-Fas/FasL triad" determines the ability of the Fas/FasL system to regulate trophoblast viability and, consequently, the success or failure of pregnancy.
Algorithm 778: L-BFGS-B (1997)

L-BFGS-B is a limited-memory algorithm for solving large nonlinear optimization problems subject to simple bounds on the variables. It is intended for problems in which information on the Hessian matrix is difficult to obtain, or for large dense problems. L-BFGS-B can also be used for unconstrained problems and in this case performs similarly to its predessor, algorithm L-BFGS (Harwell routine VA15). The algorithm is implemented in Fortran 77.
Current Weighting Distribution Control Strategy for Multi-Inverter Systems to Achieve Current Sharing (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A current-weighting-distribution-control (CWDC) strategy for multi-inverter systems to achieve current sharing is presented in this paper. With a CWDC strategy, the inverters connected in parallel are allowed to have different power ratings and can achieve a weighted output current distribution by adding only simple circuits to each inverter. In such systems, each inverter has an outer voltage loop controller to govern system stability, an inner current loop controller to expedite dynamic response, and a weighting current controller to achieve current distribution and to reduce possible interactive effects among inverters. Experimental results from a two-inverter system and a three-inverter system have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed strategy in weighting current distribution and fast regulation during a step-load change or hot-swap operation. </para>
Silicon solar cells on unidirectionally recrystallized metallurgical silicon (1977)

The deposition of a silicon layer containing a p-n junction on a metallurgical silicon substrate has been used for the fabrication of solar cells. The substrate was prepared by the unidirectional solidification of purified metallurgical silicon on a graphite plate, and the active region of the solar cell was deposited by the thermal reduction of trichlorosilane with hydrogen containing appropriate dopants. The current-voltage characteristics of a number of solar cells were measured in the dark and under illumination. The AM1 efficiency of large-area cells (30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) was up to 5.5 percent. When a large-area cell was divided into small-area (5-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) ones, the conversion efficiency was found to correlate directly with the dark current-voltage characteristics of, and the structural properties of silicon in, each cell.
Evolution and relatedness in two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase families. (1991)

Sequence segments of about 140 amino acids in length, each containing a selected consensus region, were used in alignments of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with the aim of discerning their evolutionary relationships. In all cases tested, enzymes specific for the same amino acid from a variety of organisms grouped together, reinforcing the supposition that the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are very ancient enzymes that evolved to include the full complement of 20 amino acids long before the divergence leading to prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The enzymes are divided into two mutually exclusive groups that appear to have evolved from independent roots. Group I, for which two sequence segments were analyzed, contains the enzymes specific for glutamic acid, glutamine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and arginine. Group II enzymes include those activating threonine, proline, serine, lysine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, alanine, glycine, and phenylalanine. Both groups contain a spectrum of amino acid types, suggesting the possibility that each could have once supported an independent system for protein synthesis. Within each group, enzymes specific for chemically similar amino acids tend to cluster together, indicating that a major theme of synthetase evolution involved the adaptation of binding sites to accommodate related amino acids with subsequent specialization to a single amino acid. In a few cases, however, synthetases activating dissimilar amino acids are grouped together.
Management of Massive Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis Following Autologous Breast Reconstruction (2011)

Early conservative management followed by late scar revision produced excellent results in patients with massive mastectomy skin flap loss. The outcomes described may help clinicians and patients in the decision-making process when confronted with this difficult problem.
Methylobacterium-Induced Endophyte Community Changes Correspond with Protection of Plants against Pathogen Attack (2012)

Plant inoculation with endophytic bacteria that normally live inside the plant without harming the host is a highly promising approach for biological disease control. The mechanism of resistance induction by beneficial bacteria is poorly understood, because pathways are only partly known and systemic responses are typically not seen. The innate endophytic community structures change in response to external factors such as inoculation, and bacterial endophytes can exhibit direct or indirect antagonism towards pathogens. Earlier we showed that resistance induction by an endophytic Methylobacterium sp. in potato towards Pectobacterium atrosepticum was dependent on the density of the inoculum, whereas the bacterium itself had no antagonistic activity. To elucidate the role of innate endophyte communities in plant responses, we studied community changes in both in vitro and greenhouse experiments using various combinations of plants, endophyte inoculants, and pathogens. Induction of resistance was studied in several potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290 against the pathogens P. atrosepticum, Phytophthora infestans and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by M. extorquens DSM13060 against Gremmeniella abietina. The capacities of the inoculated endophytic Methylobacterium spp. strains to induce resistance were dependent on the plant cultivar, pathogen, and on the density of Methylobacterium spp. inoculum. Composition of the endophyte community changed in response to inoculation in shoot tissues and correlated with resistance or susceptibility to the disease. Our results demonstrate that endophytic Methylobacterium spp. strains have varying effects on plant disease resistance, which can be modulated through the endophyte community of the host.
High-Performance Genuine Lithium Polymer Battery Obtained by Fine-Ceramic-Electrolyte Coating of LiCoO[sub 2] (2005)

A lithium polymer battery with high-capacity was prepared by the fine-powder coating of highly lithium-ion-conductive ceramic electrolyte on powder. The obtained cell (operated at ) exhibited a good reversibility up to and a good sustainability of at the . The oxidation of the polymer electrolyte was determined by alternating current (ac) impedance analysis, and it was observed that a suitable ceramic electrolyte coating is an effective oxidation barrier at the polymer/cathode interface.
Yeast vectors for the integration/expression of any sequence at the <i>TYR1</i> locus (2007)

We have constructed new yeast vectors for targeted integration and conditional expression of any sequence at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TYR1 locus which becomes disrupted. We show that vector integration is not neutral, causing prototrophy for tyrosine and auxotrophy for the vector's selectable marker (uracil or leucine, depending on the vector used). This feature allows a double screening of transformed yeast cells, improving the identification of colonies with the desired chromosomal structure. The GAL10 gene promoter has been added to drive conditional expression of cloned sequences. Using these vectors, chromosomal structure verification of recombinant clones is no longer necessary, since the noise of non-homologous recombination, as well as spontaneous reversion of the selected phenotype, can easily be identified. The ability of the vector to conditionally control gene expression has been confirmed using the gene for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter.
Palladium(II) cage compounds based on diphenylglycoluril (1988)

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Oxidation and Reduction Characteristics of Sputter-Deposited Cu Thin Films (2005)

The oxidation and reduction characteristics of sputter-deposited Cu thin film with a preferred orientation have been studied. It was found that Cu oxide, which is identified as phase, is easily formed by annealing at 200°C in an ambient. The linear relation between thickness and the square root of oxidation time indicates that the oxidation process of Cu films obeys a parabolic rate law at temperatures from 200 to 280°C. The activation energy of the oxidation reaction in the Cu film was 0.89 eV. The oxidized Cu films were reduced by annealing at 300°C. The formed in the Cu metal of a partially oxidized film was reduced at about 5 min, and the sheet resistance decreased to that of an as-deposited Cu film. The sheet resistance of a fully oxidized Cu film decreased with annealing time and saturated after about 10 min. As a result, the preoxidation sheet resistance could not be recovered. This incomplete recovery is due to the formation of voids in the reduced Cu film. Void-free reduced Cu films with low sheet resistance can be obtained by using appropriate temperatures and pressures during the annealing.
Intraocular Melanoma Linked to Occupations and Chemical Exposures (1996)

We conducted a case-control study in the western United States to determine the relation between occupations or chemical exposures and increased risk of uveal melanoma. Among men (221 patients, 447 controls), we found increased risks for occupational groups who had intense exposure to ultraviolet light [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-7.8], welding exposure (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.3-3.5), and asbestos exposure (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5-3.9 for most likely exposed). The highest odds ratio was for the small number of men (nine cases, three controls) who were chemists, chemical engineers, and chemical technicians (OR = 5.9; 95% CI = 1.6-22.7). Odds ratios also were elevated for exposures to antifreeze, formaldehyde, pesticides, and carbon tetrachloride, but these findings, based on recall of specific chemical exposures, are more subject to recall bias than the findings based on occupational groups.
Metastability of transient states (2017)

High intensity ultrashort pulse causes dramatic perturbations in electronic structure of condensed matter. In the same time energy in high intensity single pulse may not be sufficient to disrupt sample thermal equilibrium. Interesting experimental results in ultrashort pulse photo-excited solids have been reported recently on transient athermal phenomena induced by ultrashort high intensity low energy pulse – phenomena related to both athermal phase transitions and athermal state changes. Athermal non-equilibrium of electronic system – and induced changes in magnetic and optical states, may exist only for a period of time comparable to excited carriers’ relaxation time. That time is not sufficient for emerging application ranging from light induced superconductivity to infrared countermeasures. While single pulse interaction with condensed matter leading to transit state appearance is well observed, documented, and, to some extends, explained, one of the major problem is to maintain meta-stability of such transient states. Metastability of athermal non-equilibrium that could last well beyond electronic system relaxation time. The objective of this paper is to discuss some issues and approaches to meta-stability of transient states induced by ultrashort pulses in condensed matter.
Confidence Intervals for Ranks : Theory and Applications in Binomial Data (2013)

Building on the work of Holm (2012), we continue to theorize the construction of the confidence intervals for ranks (CIR) and to analyze their empirical performance. First, we replace the original asymptotic test with two exact tests. Then we apply all the tests to real medical data to identify the high/low achieving groups of hospitals. Finally, we conduct a simulation study to compare the relative performance of test statistics, and to compute the empirical confidence coefficients of CIRs. This paper also identifies areas of improvement for future study.
Specificity and sensitivity of an RNA targeting type III CRISPR complex coupled with a NucC endonuclease effector (2021)

Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA, resulting in the activation of the enzymatic Cas10 subunit. The Cas10 cyclase domain generates cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messenger molecules, activating a variety of effector nucleases that degrade nucleic acids to provide immunity. The prophage-encoded Vibrio metoecus type III-B (VmeCmr) locus is uncharacterised, lacks the HD nuclease domain in Cas10 and encodes a NucC DNA nuclease effector that is also found associated with Cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling systems (CBASS). Here we demonstrate that VmeCmr is activated by target RNA binding, generating cyclic-triadenylate (cA3) to stimulate a robust NucC-mediated DNase activity. The specificity of VmeCmr is probed, revealing the importance of specific nucleotide positions in segment 1 of the RNA duplex and the protospacer flanking sequence (PFS). We harness this programmable system to demonstrate the potential for a highly specific and sensitive assay for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 2 fM using a commercial plate reader without any extrinsic amplification step. The sensitivity is highly dependent on the guide RNA used, suggesting that target RNA secondary structure plays an important role that may also be relevant in vivo.
Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Solid Dispersions Containing Docetaxel (2008)

Solid dispersions using water-soluble carriers were studied for improving the dissolution of docetaxel, a poorly soluble compound. In order to obtain the most optimized formulation, we prepared many solid dispersions with different carriers, different solvents, or at a series of drug-to-carrier ratios, and compared their dissolution. The accumulative dissolution of docetaxel from poloxamer 188 was more excellent than that from PVPk30 and glyceryl monostearate, and the dissolution of docetaxel from solid dispersion was markedly higher than that of pure docetaxel; meanwhile the increased dissolution was partly dependent on the ratios of docetaxel and poloxamer 188. The ethanol used to prepare solid dispersion is of more significant effect on the dissolution of docetaxel than that of acetone. The docetaxel/poloxamer 188 system was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results of DSC, XRD, and ESEM analyses of docetaxel/poloxamer 188 system showed that there are intermolecular interactions between docetaxel and poloxamer, and the crystallinity of docetaxel disappeared. These results show that solid dispersion is a promising approach of developing docetaxel drug formulates.
Endothelial nanoparticle binding kinetics are matrix and size dependent (2011)

Nanoparticles are increasingly important in medical research for application to areas such as drug delivery and imaging. Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with cells in physiologically relevant environments is vital for their acceptance, and cell-particle interactions likely vary based on the design of the particle including its size, shape, and surface chemistry. For this reason, the kinetic interactions of fluorescent nanoparticles of sizes 20, 100, 200, and 500 nm with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were determined by (1) measuring nanoparticles per cell at 37 and 4°C (to inhibit endocytosis) and (2) modeling experimental particle uptake data with equations describing particle attachment, detachment, and internalization. Additionally, the influence of cell substrate compliance on nanoparticle attachment and uptake was investigated. Results show that the number of binding sites per cell decreased with increasing nanoparticle size, while the attachment coefficient increased. By comparing HUVEC grown on either a thin coating of collagen or on top of three-dimensional collagen hydrogel, nanoparticle attachment and internalization were shown to be influenced significantly by the substrate on which the cells are cultured. This study concludes that both particle size and cell culture substrate compliance appreciably influence the binding of nanoparticles; important factors in translating in vitro studies of nanoparticle interactions to in vivo studies focused on therapeutic or diagnostic applications.