gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRAM PUF: A Novel Geometry Based Magnetic PUF With Integrated CMOS (2015)

This manuscript addresses a novel MRAM-based physically unclonable function (PUF). The PUF responses are generated using the unique energy-tilt, which is an outcome of the random geometric variations in the MRAM cells. We have verified relevant attributes of this PUF through extensive magnetic simulations and in-house fabrication results. Our fabricated PUF cells generate entropy as high as 0.99, which is comparable to most of its competitors. To our knowledge, the footprint of the PUF cells is also lower than the majority of silicon PUFs. Also, the authentication control algorithm for this PUF requires very low additional control-steps. We conclude our discussion of this novel PUF with a study of authentication overhead and protocols required by the PUF system in terms of area, power, and delay.
Novel malaria antigen Plasmodium yoelii E140 induces antibody-mediated sterile protection in mice against malaria challenge (2020)

Only a small fraction of the antigens expressed by malaria parasites have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. A successful malaria subunit vaccine will likely require multiple antigenic targets to achieve broad protection with high protective efficacy. Here we describe protective efficacy of a novel antigen, Plasmodium yoelii (Py) E140 (PyE140), evaluated against P. yoelii challenge of mice. Vaccines targeting PyE140 reproducibly induced up to 100% sterile protection in both inbred and outbred murine challenge models. Although PyE140 immunization induced high frequency and multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses, as well as CD4+ T cell responses, protection was mediated by PyE140 antibodies acting against blood stage parasites. Protection in mice was long-lasting with up to 100% sterile protection at twelve weeks post-immunization and durable high titer anti-PyE140 antibodies. The E140 antigen is expressed in all Plasmodium species, is highly conserved in both P. falciparum lab-adapted strains and endemic circulating parasites, and is thus a promising lead vaccine candidate for future evaluation against human malaria parasite species.
Transparent and Efficient CFI Enforcement with Intel Processor Trace (2017)

Current control flow integrity (CFI) enforcement approaches either require instrumenting application executables and even shared libraries, or are unable to defend against sophisticated attacks due to relaxed security policies, or both; many of them also incur high runtime overhead. This paper observes that the main obstacle of providing transparent and strong defense against sophisticated adversaries is the lack of sufficient runtime control flow information. To this end, this paper describes FlowGuard, a lightweight, transparent CFI enforcement approach by a novel reuse of Intel Processor Trace (IPT), a recent hardware feature that efficiently captures the entire runtime control flow. The main challenge is that IPT is designed for offline performance analysis and software debugging such that decoding collected control flow traces is prohibitively slow on the fly. FlowGuard addresses this challenge by reconstructing applications' conservative control flow graphs (CFG) to be compatible with the compressed encoding format of IPT, and labeling the CFG edges with credits in the help of fuzzing-like dynamic training. At runtime, FlowGuard separates fast and slow paths such that the fast path compares the labeled CFGs with the IPT traces for fast filtering, while the slow path decodes necessary IPT traces for strong security. We have implemented and evaluated FlowGuard on a commodity Intel Skylake machine with IPT support. Evaluation results show that FlowGuard is effective in enforcing CFI for several applications, while introducing only small performance overhead. We also show that, with minor hardware extensions, the performance overhead can be further reduced.
1/spl times/4 all-optical packet switch with all-optical header processing (2005)

We demonstrated a 1/spl times/4 all-optical packet switch using injection-locking in a Fabry-Perot laser diode for all-optical header processing and cross gain modulation in an SOA for packet switching.
Image denoising with multiple layer block matching and 3D filtering (2014)

Block Matching and 3-D Filtering (BM3D) algorithm is currently considered as one of the most successful denoising algorithms. Despite its excellent results, BM3D still has room for improvements. Image details and sharp edges, such as text in document images are challenging, as they usually do not produce sparse representations under the linear transformations. Various artifacts such as ringing and blurring can be introduced as a result. This paper proposes a Multiple Layer BM3D (MLBM3D) denoising algorithm. The basic idea is to decompose image patches that contain high contrast details into multiple layers, and each layer is then collaboratively filtered separately. The algorithm contains a Basic Estimation step and a Final Estimation step. The first (Basic Estimation) step is identical to the one in BM3D. In the second (Final Estimation) step, image groups are determined to be single-layer or multilayer. A single-layer group is filtered in a same manner as in BM3D. For a multi-layer group, each image patch within the group is decomposed with the three-layer model. All the top layers in the group are stacked and collaboratively filtered. So are the bottom layers. The filtered top and bottom layers are re-assembled to form the estimation of the blocks. The final estimation of the image is obtained by aggregating estimations of all blocks, including both single-layer and multi-layer ones. The proposed algorithm shows excellent results, particularly for the images containing high contrast edges.
Self-Advancing Step-Tap Drills (2007)

Self-advancing tool bits that are hybrids of drills and stepped taps make it possible to form threaded holes wider than about 1/2 in. (about 13 mm) without applying any more axial force than is necessary for forming narrower pilot holes. These self-advancing stepped-tap drills were invented for use by space-suited astronauts performing repairs on reinforced carbon/carbon space-shuttle leading edges during space walks, in which the ability to apply axial drilling forces is severely limited. Self-advancing stepped-tap drills could also be used on Earth for making wide holes without applying large axial forces. A self-advancing stepped-tap drill (see figure) includes several sections having progressively larger diameters, typically in increments between 0.030 and 0.060 in. (between about 0.8 and about 1.5 mm). The tip section, which is the narrowest, is a pilot drill bit that typically has a diameter between 1/8 and 3/16 in. (between about 3.2 and about 4.8 mm). The length of the pilot-drill section is chosen, according to the thickness of the object to be drilled and tapped, so that the pilot hole is completed before engagement of the first tap section. Provided that the cutting-edge geometry of the drill bit is optimized for the material to be drilled, only a relatively small axial force [typically of the order of a few pounds (of the order of 10 newtons)] must be applied during drilling of the pilot hole. Once the first tap section engages the pilot hole, it is no longer necessary for the drill operator to apply axial force: the thread engagement between the tap and the workpiece provides the axial force to advance the tool bit. Like the pilot-drill section, each tap section must be long enough to complete its hole before engagement of the next, slightly wider tap section. The precise values of the increments in diameter, the thread pitch, the rake angle of the tap cutting edge, and other geometric parameters of the tap sections must be chosen, in consideration of the workpiece material and thickness, to prevent stripping of threads during the drilling/tapping operation. A stop-lip or shoulder at the shank end of the widest tap section prevents further passage of the tool bit through the hole.
Learning Like a Child: Fast Novel Visual Concept Learning from Sentence Descriptions of Images (2015)

In this paper, we address the task of learning novel visual concepts, and their interactions with other concepts, from a few images with sentence descriptions. Using linguistic context and visual features, our method is able to efficiently hypothesize the semantic meaning of new words and add them to its word dictionary so that they can be used to describe images which contain these novel concepts. Our method has an image captioning module based on [38] with several improvements. In particular, we propose a transposed weight sharing scheme, which not only improves performance on image captioning, but also makes the model more suitable for the novel concept learning task. We propose methods to prevent overfitting the new concepts. In addition, three novel concept datasets are constructed for this new task, and are publicly available on the project page. In the experiments, we show that our method effectively learns novel visual concepts from a few examples without disturbing the previously learned concepts. The project page is: www.stat.ucla.edu/junhua. mao/projects/child_learning.html.
<title>Reliable video communication over lossy packet networks using multiple state encoding and path diversity</title> (2000)

Video communication over lossy packet networks such as the Internet is hampered by limited bandwidth and packet loss. This paper presents a system for providing reliable video communication over these networks, where the system is composed of two subsystems: (1) multiple state video encoder/decoder and (2) a path diversity transmission system. Multiple state video coding combats the problem of error propagation at the decoder by coding the video into multiple independently decodable streams, each with its own prediction process and state. If one stream is lost the other streams can still be decoded to produce usable video, and furthermore, the correctly received streams provide bidirectional (previous and future) information that enables improved state recovery for the corrupted stream. This video coder is a form of multiple description coding (MDC), and its novelty lies in its use of information from the multiple streams to perform state recovery at the decoder. The path diversity transmission system explicitly sends different subsets of packets over different paths, as opposed to the default scenarios where the packets proceed along a single path, thereby enabling the end- to-end video application to effectively see an average path behavior. We refer to this as path diversity. Generally, seeing this average path behavior provides better performance than seeing the behavior of any individual random path. For example, the probability that all of the multiple paths are simultaneously congested is much less than the probability that a single path is congested. The resulting path diversity provides the multiple state video decoder with an appropriate virtual channel to assist in recovering from lost packets, and can also simplify system design, e.g. FEC design. We propose two architectures for achieving path diversity, and examine the effectiveness of path diversity in communicating video over a lossy packet network.
Micro-Fuel Cells™ for portable electronics (1999)

A mass-producible, high-energy Micro-Fuel Cell™ electrical power system for cellular telephones, portable computers and other portable devices is being developed. The fuel cells are directly fueled with liquid fuels such as methanol by incorporating new direct conversion catalysts. These devices are expected to be cost-competitive with rechargeable bateries in the portable electronic market.
New Economical, Convenient Procedures for the Synthesis of Catecholborane (2000)

Catecholborane was conveniently synthesized by the reaction of tri-O-phenylene bis-borate (2) with diborane in triglyme or tetraglyme at moderate temperatures (70−80 °C). The product, catecholborane, can be distilled out in 85% yield with >97% purity. The tri-O-phenylene bis-borate also reacts with borane−Lewis base complexes, such as BH3:DMS, BH3:THF, and BH3:NR3, with or without solvent, providing catecholborane of high purity in good yields.
Unique approach to high-performance magnification calibration (1997)

Dimensional calibration standards are an important metrology tool for quality control, inspection, and fault analysis. Tools such as atomic force microscopes (AFM), scanning probe microscopes (SPM), or scanning electron microscopes (SEM) require regular calibration to meet the needs of current and projected production processes. Suitable calibration standards have been expensive, difficult to use, and of limited utility. These limitations were, to a large degree, a result of the fabrication process and the accompanying measurement calibration paradigm. Any approach to microscope calibration should make calibration easier, less expensive, and more useful. An improved calibration standard would also be amenable to automation of the calibration process for use in production line instruments. The necessary features include: (1) the ability to calibrate the entire viewing field instead of discrete points; (2) the ability to easily locate and use the calibrated region; (3) the ability to calibrate on the nanometer scale where the most demanding applications push the state of the art; (4) significantly reduced specimen costs. There is an alternative production method for calibration specimens which meets the above criteria. It is based on the concept of physically replicating a light interference pattern to provide the essence of an interferometer in a simple calibration specimen. Modern optics technology has reached the point where large area, very accurate nd regular interference patterns in 1 and 2 dimensions can be produced. The basic physics of the process enables the periodicity of these patterns to be specified and controlled to fractions of a nanometer over these very large areas. This large-area interference pattern can be captured in a physical record suitable for viewing under the microscope. The issues affecting the accuracy and utility of this physical record and its preparation for use as a magnification standard will be discussed. Experience in sue in AFM applications indicates that calibration samples produced by this method can deliver repeatable accuracy of 1.5 nm if properly employed and analyzed. This methodology can be extended to other imaging microscope technologies.
Multi-factor authentication for users of non-internet based applications of blockchain-based platforms (2020)

Attacks targeting several millions of non-internet based application users are on the rise. These applications such as SMS and USSD typically do not benefit from existing multi-factor authentication methods due to the nature of their interaction interfaces and mode of operations. To address this problem, we propose an approach that augments blockchain with multi-factor authentication based on evidence from blockchain transactions combined with risk analysis. A profile of how a user performs transactions is built overtime and is used to analyse the risk level of each new transaction. If a transaction is flagged as high risk, we generate n-factor layers of authentication using past endorsed blockchain transactions. A demonstration of how we used the proposed approach to authenticate critical financial transactions in a blockchain-based asset financing platform is also discussed.
Mapping Epitopes of the <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Duffy Binding Protein with Naturally Acquired Inhibitory Antibodies (2009)

Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) is a merozoite microneme ligand vital for blood-stage infection, which makes it an important candidate vaccine for antibody-mediated immunity against vivax malaria. A differential screen with a linear peptide array compared the reactivities of noninhibitory and inhibitory high-titer human immune sera to identify target epitopes associated with protective immunity. Naturally acquired anti-DBP-specific serologic responses observed in the residents of a region of Papua New Guinea where P. vivax is highly endemic exhibited significant changes in DBP-specific titers over time. The anti-DBP functional inhibition for each serum ranged from complete inhibition to no inhibition even for high-titer responders to the DBP, indicating that epitope specificity is important. Inhibitory immune human antibodies identified specific B-cell linear epitopes on the DBP (SalI) ligand domain that showed significant correlations with inhibitory responses. Affinity-purified naturally acquired antibodies on these epitopes inhibited the DBP erythrocyte binding function greatly, confirming the protective value of specific epitopes. These results represent an important advance in our understanding of part of blood-stage immunity to P. vivax and some of the specific targets for vaccine-elicited antibody protection.
Polarization insensitive, broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber (2011)

We present the simulation, implementation, and measurement of a polarization insensitive broadband resonant terahertz metamaterial absorber. By stacking metal-insulator layers with differing structural dimensions, three closely positioned resonant peaks are merged into one broadband absorption spectrum. Greater than 60% absorption is obtained across a frequency range of 1.86 THz where the central resonance frequency is 5 THz. The FWHM of the device is 48%, which is two and half times greater than the FWHM of a single layer structure. Such metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for bolometric terahertz imaging.
Immunogenicity and Immunological Priming of the Serogroup A Portion of a Bivalent Meningococcal A/C Conjugate Vaccine in 2‐Year‐Old Children (2003)

Two-year-old children were vaccinated with 1 dose of meningococcal A/C conjugate (MACC) or meningococcal A/C polysaccharide (MACP) vaccine. Meningococcal serogroup A (MenA)-specific IgG geometric mean avidity indices (GMAIs) increased 1 month after vaccination with MACC (GMAI, 210; 95% confidence interval [CI], 140-300) and MACP (GMAI, 190; 95% CI, 120-310). One year after vaccination, the GMAI of the MACP-vaccinated cohort decreased to 130 (95%, CI 100-170), but a constant GMAI was maintained in the MACC-vaccinated cohort (210; 95% CI, 140-300), despite declining MenA-specific IgG antibody levels.
Increasing the Automation of a 2D-3D Registration System (2013)

Routine clinical use of 2D-3D registration algorithms for Image Guided Surgery remains limited. A key aspect for routine clinical use of this technology is its degree of automation, i.e., the amount of necessary knowledgeable interaction between the clinicians and the registration system. Current image-based registration approaches usually require knowledgeable manual interaction during two stages: for initial pose estimation and for verification of produced results. We propose four novel techniques, particularly suited to vertebra-based registration systems, which can significantly automate both of the above stages. Two of these techniques are based upon the intraoperative "insertion" of a virtual fiducial marker into the preoperative data. The remaining two techniques use the final registration similarity value between multiple CT vertebrae and a single fluoroscopy vertebra. The proposed methods were evaluated with data from 31 operations (31 CT scans, 419 fluoroscopy images). Results show these methods can remove the need for manual vertebra identification during initial pose estimation, and were also very effective for result verification, producing a combined true positive rate of 100% and false positive rate equal to zero. This large decrease in required knowledgeable interaction is an important contribution aiming to enable more widespread use of 2D-3D registration technology.
Glycerin for New Biodiesel Formulation (2008)

Biofuels are an important way of progress for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality and finding new energetic resources. For diesel engines, FAE (Fatty Acid Ester), coming from transesterification of vegetable oils, have shown their potentials as fuel substitutes. Nevertheless, this transesterification induces the production of glycerin (or glycerol) as fatal co-product. Finding an outlet to this glycerol is fundamental for the FAE network. In the same time, oxygenated compounds have been shown to have great potential for the reduction of diesel particulate emissions. Transforming glycerol into new oxygenated compounds, which could be formulated with diesel fuel, would be a very promising way. Different oxygenates derived from glycerol, such as acetals, ethers and carbonates, have been synthesized and evaluated as blending components for Diesel fuel. Our objective was to evaluate their potential, compared with RME (Rapseed Methyl Ester) blends in term of pollutant emissions with different new engine technologies and to select the most promising of them. GTBE (Glycerol Ter Butyl Ether) was the most interesting compound and it was formulated with biodiesel with the respect of the physicochemical criteria required by EN14214 standard. This new biofuel (92.5% RME + 7.5% GTBE + 1000 ppm pro cetane) was incorporated in diesel fuel (5% vol.) and compared with a mixture containing 5% RME. After various tests carried out on vehicle and engine, focusing on pollutant emissions and possible fouling problems, it is possible to conclude that this new biodiesel does not present any technical disadvantage. The decision to use this glycerol derivatives in diesel fuel formulation will thus be controlled by economical criteria.
Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for Ocular Anesthesia: Results of a Prospective, Randomized Study (2008)

Akten gel appears to be an effective and safe ocular anesthetic. All doses were well tolerated and no dose-related corneal toxicity was observed.
An ADS-B Intrusion Detection System (2016)

Advances in radio and RADAR research have considerably contributed to the emergence of novel air traffic control (ATC) protocols. In particular, Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) has proven to be a viable option that could complement and extend current technologies. Despite the benefits offered by ADS-B, such as more precise location, easier deployment, and lower costs, cyber-security issues have arisen due to the open, clear-text broadcasting of ADS-B messages making it vulnerable to many attacks. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) specifically designed to detect malicious or questionable ADS-B messages. We leverage prior work on cyber-defense mechanisms against ADS-B attacks and physical aspects of aircraft motion to classify received ADS-B traffic as potential attacks and retain digital artifacts that might support post-attack forensic investigations.
Pd−Co−Mo Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2005)

The catalytic activity of carbon supported Pd-Co-Mo for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a single cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been investigated at 60 degrees C and compared with data from commercial Pt catalyst and our previously reported Pd-Co-Au and Pd-Ti catalysts. The Pd-Co-Mo catalyst with a Pd:Co:Mo atomic ratio of 70:20:10 exhibits slightly higher catalytic activity like the Pd-Co-Au catalyst than the commercial Pt catalyst, but with excellent chemical stability unlike the Pd-Co-Au catalyst. The Pd-Co-Mo catalyst also exhibits better tolerance to methanol poisoning than Pt. Investigation of the catalytic activity of the Pd-Co-Mo system with varying composition and heat treatment temperature reveals that a Pd:Co:Mo atomic ratio of 70:20:10 with a heat treatment temperature of 500 degrees C exhibits the highest catalytic activity. Although the degree of alloying increases with increasing temperature from 500 to 900 degrees C as indicated by the X-ray diffraction data, the catalytic activity decreases due to an increase in particle size and a decrease in surface area.