gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Filter Process for Flue-Gas Carbon Capture on Carbonaceous Sorbents: Field Tests of Steam-Aided Vacuum Swing Adsorption (2012)

A carbon filter that selectively captures CO2 from flue gas on porous carbonaceous sorbents is demonstrated in field tests. A new sorbent regeneration process, referred to as steam-aided vacuum swing adsorption (SA-VSA), uses steam under vacuum to displace CO2 from the carbon. Steam aids vacuum by reducing the partial pressure of CO2 without the need to reduce the total pressure to deep vacuum, which is a challenge for vacuum swing adsorption (VSA). In turn, vacuum prevents the bulk condensation of steam on the sorbent, which is a challenge for CO2 recovery using direct steam. Over 100 sorption–desorption cycles on flue gas produced in the lab and at two coal-fired power plants demonstrate that the SA-VSA-equipped carbon filter process can produce a nearly pure CO2 product (at least 98%) while achieving high recovery (at least 98%). While stable, flexible, and robust in achieving the very high recovery and purity targets, this technology offers ample room for improvement through process optimization and, especially, sorbent optimization. For one of the reasonable but arbitrarily selected and inexpensive sorbents, a preliminary cost estimate example suggests an energy penalty of 31%, which should be less or much less for better sorbents.
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine (1977)

In the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide (2a) isosteric replacement of thione sulfur (=S) by carbonyl oxygen (=O) or imino nitrogen (=NH) affords the urea 2c and guanidine 2d which are antagonists of decreased potency. The guanidine is very basic and at physiological pH is completely protonated. However, introduction of strongly electronegative substituents into the guanidine group reduces basicity and gives potent H2-receptor antagonists, viz. the cyanoguanidine 2b (cimetidine, "Tagamet") and nitroguanidine 2e. A correspondence between the activity of thioureas and cyanoguanidines is demonstrated for a series of structures 1-4. The close correspondence between cyanoguanidine and thiourea in many physicochemical properties and the pharmacological equivalence of these groups in H2-receptor antagonists leads to the description of cyanoguanidine and thiourea as bioisosteres. Acid hydrolysis of the cyanoguanidine 2b yields the carbamoylguanidine 2f at ambient temperatures and the guanidine 2d at elevated temperatures. Cimetidine is slightly more active than metiamide in vivo as an inhibitor of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion and has clinical use in the treatment of peptic ulcer and associated gastrointestinal disorders.
Polymer optical fiber amplifiers for communication and sensor applications (1998)

Organic dyes and rare earth chelates have been chosen and incorporated into the core regions of graded index (GI) polymer optical fibers (POF) as gain media. Since the synthetic polymer shows much better compatibility with organic fluorescent materials and is amenable to high active dopant concentrations, the doped POFs produce high gains in short lengths of fiber. We demonstrated that organic dye-doped polymer optical fiber amplifiers (POFA) cover a wide spectral range in the visible with a best observed gain of 37 dB in a Rhodamine B-doped POFA pumped at 550 nm. Also, with a GI POF doped with europium chelate of hexafluoroacetylacetone in tris form, we observed superfluorescence, evidenced by spectral narrowing and lifetime shortening. The prospect is that the wide choice of organic dyes and rare earth chelates offers optical amplifiers and superfluorescent sources for a variety of communication and sensor applications.
Acoustic echo cancellation using a fast QR-RLS algorithm and multirate schemes (2002)

High quality acoustic echo cancellation is now required by hands-free systems used in mobile radio and teleconference communications. The demand for fast convergence, good tracking capabilities, and reduced complexity cannot be met by classical adaptive filtering algorithms. In this paper, a new echo canceller using multirate systems and a fast QR-decomposition based RLS algorithm is investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of this new combined structure for acoustic echo cancellation, and a fixed-point implementation of the proposed scheme confirms the expected numerical robustness of the fast QR-RLS algorithm.
Short Hairpin RNA Interference Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease (2008)

This is the first study to image the biological role of shRNA therapy for improving cardiac function. Inhibition of PHD2 by shRNA led to significant improvement in angiogenesis and contractility by in vitro and in vivo experiments. With further validation, the combination of shRNA therapy and molecular imaging can be used to track novel cardiovascular gene therapy applications in the future.
Parametric Video Compression Scheme Using AR Based Texture Synthesis (2008)

In this paper a video coding scheme based on parametric compression of texture is proposed. Each macro block is characterized either as an edge block, or as a non edge block containing texture. The non edge blocks are coded by modeling them as an auto-regressive process (AR). By applying the AR model in spatio-temporal domain, we ensure both spatial as well as temporal consistency. Edge blocks are encoded using the standard H.264/AVC. The proposed algorithm achieves upto 54.52% more compression as compared to the standard H.264/AVC at similar visual quality.
Iterative Image Reconstruction Using Inverse Fourier Rebinning for Fully 3-D PET (2007)

We describe a fast forward and back projector pair based on inverse Fourier rebinning for use in iterative image reconstruction for fully 3-D positron emission tomography (PET). The projector pair is used as part of a factored system matrix that takes into account detector-pair response by using shift-variant sinogram blur kernels, thereby combining the computational advantages of Fourier rebinning with iterative reconstruction using accurate system models. The forward projector consists of a 2-D projector, which maps 3-D images into 2-D direct sinograms, followed by exact inverse rebinning which maps the 2-D into fully 3-D sinograms. The back projector is implemented as the transpose of the forward projector and differs from the true exact rebinning operator in the sense that it does not require reprojection to compute missing lines of response (LORs). We compensate for two types of inaccuracies that arise in a cylindrical PET scanner when using inverse Fourier rebinning: 1) nonuniform radial sampling and 2) nonconstant oblique angles in the radial direction in a single oblique sinogram. We examine the effects of these corrections on sinogram accuracy and reconstructed image quality. We evaluate performance of the new projector pair for maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction of simulated and in vivo data. The new projector results in only a small loss in resolution towards the edge of the field-of-view when compared to the fully 3-D geometric projector and requires an order of magnitude less computation.
Imaging interferometric microscopy of two-dimensional structures (2003)

We demonstrate the imaging of two-dimensional patterns by IIM and compare the results achieved with a low NA lens having a long working distance, a large-field-of-view and a long depth-of-field with a Fourier optics model and a conventional microscope image of a high NA lens.
Bounded Query Rewriting Using Views (2018)

A query Q in a language L has a bounded rewriting using a set of L-definable views if there exists a query Q ′ in L such that given any dataset D , Q ( D ) can be computed by Q ′ that accesses only cached views and a small fraction D Q of D . We consider datasets D that satisfy a set of access constraints, which are a combination of simple cardinality constraints and associated indices, such that the size | D Q | of D Q and the time to identify D Q are independent of | D |, no matter how big D is. In this article, we study the problem for deciding whether a query has a bounded rewriting given a set V of views and a set A of access constraints. We establish the complexity of the problem for various query languages L , from Σ 3 p -complete for conjunctive queries (CQ) to undecidable for relational algebra (FO). We show that the intractability for CQ is rather robust even for acyclic CQ with fixed V and A , and characterize when the problem is in PTIME. To make practical use of bounded rewriting, we provide an effective syntax for FO queries that have a bounded rewriting. The syntax characterizes a key subclass of such queries without sacrificing the expressive power, and can be checked in PTIME. Finally, we investigate L 1 -to- L 2 bounded rewriting, when Q in L 1 is allowed to be rewritten into a query Q ′ in another language L 2 . We show that this relaxation does not simplify the analysis of bounded query rewriting using views.
Use of Crystalline Boron as a Burn Rate Retardant toward the Development of Green-Colored Handheld Signal Formulations (2011)

Abstract The effect of using crystalline boron in green-colored handheld signal formulations is described. Due to its chemically inert nature, crystalline boron served to reduce the burn rates of the formulations. By adjusting crystalline boron percentages in the formulations, the pyrotechnic system could be tuned to meet burn time specifications. Keywords: burn rate retardantcrystalline boronhandheld signalspyrotechnics Acknowledgements The authors thank the U.S. ARMY, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, for funding of this work. Notes This article not subject to U.S. copyright law.
Scheme for the characterization of dispersion-managed solitons (1999)

We give a simple new derivation of the ordinary differential equations that describe approximately the behavior of dispersion-managed solitons, and a new scheme for their solution in which the nonlinear dispersive and spectral effects are clearly apparent.
Robust two-dimensional weighted and unweighted phase unwrapping that uses fast transforms and iterative methods (1994)

Two-dimensional (2D) phase unwrapping continues to find applications in a wide variety of scientific and engineering areas including optical and microwave interferometry, adaptive optics, compensated imaging, and synthetic-aperture-radar phase correction, and image processing. We have developed a robust method (not based on any path-following scheme) for unwrapping 2D phase principal values (in a least-squares sense) by using fast cosine transforms. If the 2D phase values are associated with a 2D weighting, the fast transforms can still be used in iterative methods for solving the weighted unwrapping problem. Weighted unwrapping can be used to isolate inconsistent regions (i.e., phase shear) in an elegant fashion.
3-Alkoxy-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyrazolines as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators with Ideal Physicochemical Properties for Transdermal Administration (2014)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of 3-alkoxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolines as novel selective androgen receptor (AR) modulators that possess excellent physicochemical properties for transdermal administration. Compound 26 bound to human AR with an IC50 of 0.7 nM with great selectivity over other nuclear hormone receptors and potently activated AR in a C2C12 muscle cell reporter gene assay with an EC50 of 0.5 nM. It showed high aqueous solubility of 1.3 g/L at pH 7.4, and an in silico model as well as a customized parallel artificial membrane permeability assay indicated good skin permeation. Indeed, when measuring skin permeation through excised human skin, an excellent flux of 2 μg/(cm(2)·h) was determined without any permeation enhancers. In a 2 week Hershberger model using castrated rats, the compound showed dose-dependent effects fully restoring skeletal muscle weight at 0.3 mg/kg/day after subcutaneous administration with high selectivity over prostate stimulation.
Two-Inch Aluminum Nitride (AIN) Single Crystal Growth for Commercial Applications (2021)

Aluminum nitride (AlN) bulk single crystals were grown using physical vapor transport method. The resulting wafers were characterized according to the requirements for electronic device applications. Currently many thousands per year of such 2-inch wafers are used as substrates for UVC-LEDs emitting in the range 215 nm – 270 nm, which is the most efficient germicidal range for many pathogens. Highest crystallinity and the lowest published UV-transparency are confirmed by standard analytical techniques.
Nano-Structures Enabling Sunlight and Candlelight-Style OLEDs (2018)

Nano structures enable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices to be fabricated with relatively high efficiency and brightness, opening up a new era for high quality displays and lighting, wherein devising a pseudo-natural light is always a must. The uses of incandescent bulbs are the most friendly, electricity-driven lighting sources, lighting measure from the perspectives of human eye protection, melatonin generation, artifacts, ecosystems, the environment, and the night skies due to their intrinsically low blue emission. However, they are phasing out because of the energy wasting. To overcome these difficulties, researchers are focusing on developing a new light with high efficiency, whose emission spectra would also match with those of the natural lights. In 2009, Jou’s group invented the world’s first electrically powered sunlight-style OLED that yielded a sunlight-style illumination with various daylight chromaticities, whose color temperature ranges between 2,300 and 8,200 K, fully covering those of the entire daylight at different times and regions, and contributed a noteworthy incentive to OLED technology in general lighting. By putting more efforts on this technology, a blue hazard free, low color temperature candlelight-style OLED was developed by employing candlelight complementary emitters, namely orange-red, yellow, green, and sky-blue. The resultant candlelight OLED that exhibits a 1,900 K color temperature is exactly like candles or oil lamps, which is friendly to human eyes, physiologies, ecosystems, artifacts, and night-skies. Specifically, it is at least 10 times safer from the retina protection perspective or 5 times better for melatonin to naturally occur after dusk, as compared with the blue light-enriched white OLED, LED and CFL counterparts. In this article, we discuss the device structure, physics, and engineering behind the serendipity of the pseudo-natural light-style OLEDs.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE RISTOCETIN DERIVATIVES: REPLACEMENTS OF THE 1′‐AMINO GROUP (1985)

Abstract Ristocetin‐Aglykon (I) wird zu (II) acetyliert und zu (III) oxidiert, das zu (IV) und (V) sowie (VI) umgewandelt wird.
Characterization and Regulation of the 5′-Flanking Region of the Murine Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene (2000)

The protein C pathway plays a critical role in the negative regulation of blood coagulation. The nucleotide sequence of the murine endothelial protein C receptor (mEPCR) gene was determined for 8.8 kilobase pairs of the genomic structure and 3.4 kilobase pairs of the 5'-flanking region. RNase protection assay revealed six major transcription start sites clustered at -100 to -109 upstream of the translation initiation site. A series of 5'-promoter deletion fragments were fused to a luciferase reporter gene and transiently transfected into bovine aortic endothelium. Deletion of the sequence from -220 to -180 dramatically reduced luciferase expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells. This region of the murine endothelial protein C receptor gene contains one AP4 site and one SP1 site. Mutations in the core sequence of the AP4 and SP1 sites impaired both nuclear protein binding and luciferase expression. These results suggest important roles for AP4 and SP1 in the constitutive expression of mEPCR. A thrombin response element (CCCACCCC) was found to mediate the induction of mEPCR by thrombin in cell culture. Transgenic mice were developed expressing green fluorescent protein driven by the -350 to -1 or -1080 to -1 promoter. Thrombin up-regulated mEPCR and the transgene in vivo.
Discovery and Characterization of 2-Aminooxazolines as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Active TAAR1 Agonists (2015)

2-Aminooxazolines were discovered as a novel structural class of TAAR1 ligands. Starting from a known adrenergic compound 1, structural modifications were made to obtain highly potent and selective TAAR1 ligands such as 12 (RO5166017), 18 (RO5256390), 36 (RO5203648), and 48 (RO5263397). These compounds exhibit drug-like physicochemical properties, have good oral bioavailability, and display in vivo activity in a variety of animal models relevant for psychiatric diseases and addiction.
Microbiosensors based on DNA modified single-walled carbon nanotube and Pt black nanocomposites (2011)

Glucose and ATP biosensors have important applications in diagnostics and research. Biosensors based on conventional materials suffer from low sensitivity and low spatial resolution. Our previous work has shown that combining single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Pt nanoparticles can significantly enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors. The immobilization of SWCNTs on biosensors remains challenging due to the aqueous insolubility originating from van der Waals forces. In this study, we used single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to modify SWCNTs to increase solubility in water. This allowed us to explore new schemes of combining ssDNA-SWCNT and Pt black in aqueous media systems. The result is a nanocomposite with enhanced biosensor performance. The surface morphology, electroactive surface area, and electrocatalytic performance of different fabrication protocols were studied and compared. The ssDNA-SWCNT/Pt black nanocomposite constructed by a layered scheme proved most effective in terms of biosensor activity. The key feature of this protocol is the exploitation of ssDNA-SWCNTs as molecular templates for Pt black electrodeposition. The glucose and ATP microbiosensors fabricated on this platform exhibited high sensitivity (817.3 nA/mM and 45.6 nA/mM, respectively), wide linear range (up to 7 mM and 510 μM), low limit of detection (1 μM and 2 μM) and desirable selectivity. This work is significant to biosensor development because this is the first demonstration of ssDNA-SWCNT/Pt black nanocomposite as a platform for constructing both single-enzyme and multi-enzyme biosensors for physiological applications.
Low complexity LDPC code decoders for next generation standards (2007)

This paper presents the design of low complexity LDPC codes decoders for the upcoming WiFi (IEEE 802.11n), WiMax (IEEE802.16e) and DVB-S2 standards. A complete exploration of the design space spanning from the decoding schedules, the node processing approximations up to the top-level decoder architecture is detailed. According to this search state-of-the-art techniques for a low complexity design have been adopted in order to meet feasible high throughput decoder implementations. An analysis of the standardized codes from the decoder-aware point of view is also given, presenting, for each one, the implementation challenges (multi rates-length codes) and bottlenecks related to the complete coverage of the standards. Synthesis results on a present 65nm CMOS technology are provided on a generic decoder architecture.
Conjugate root offset-QAM for orthogonal multicarrier transmission (2016)

Current implementations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) are restricted to band-limited symmetric filters. To circumvent this, non-symmetric conjugate root (CR) filters are proposed for OQAM modulation. The idea is applied to Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) and a method for achieving transmit diversity with OQAM modulation is presented. The proposal reduces implementation complexity compared to standard OQAM by modifying the transmit phase space which is exploited by a real-valued fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation. Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM)/CR-OQAM outperforms conventional GFDM using QAM modulation in terms of symbol error rate in fading multipath channels and provides a more localized spectrum compared to GFDM/OQAM.
The Antioxidant Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles is Size Dependant and Blocks Aβ <sub>1‐42</sub> ‐Induced Free Radical Production and Neurotoxicity (2008)

We have demonstrated that a single 10 nM dose of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONP) with an average size of 10 nm, extends the lifespan & preserves neuronal function in brain cell cultures. We hypothesize that CeONP act as regenerative free radical scavengers. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activity of CeONP using EPR. Hydroxyl radicals ( . OH) were generated via Fenton's reaction. Superoxide radicals (O 2 .– ) were generated by irradiating a solution of riboflavin and DMPO with UV rays. CeONP (10 nm) completely quenched . OH & O 2 .– formation. CeONP with a particle size of 7 nm were less effective than 10 nm particles. We also examined the effect of Fe‐doped ceria (6% Fe), which was less effective than CeONP. The toxic fragment of Αβ, Αβ 1‐42 , produces free radicals & is hypothesized to be a contributory factor in Alzheimer's pathology. When incubated with spin trap Αβ 1‐42 (1mg/ml) generated a 6 line EPR spectra. Αβ 1‐42 –induced free radical production was completely blocked by CeONP (10 nm). We also examined the neuroprotective capacity of the 3 groups of CeONP using UV, H 2 O 2 , & Αβ 1‐42 challenge. In comparison to 7 nm CeONP, cell death induced by UV & H 2 O 2 was reduced more effectively by 10 nm CeONP, whereas Fe‐doping of CeONP abrogated antioxidant protection. Neuronal death associated with Αβ 1‐42 was reduced 65% by CEONP (10 nm). Our results suggest that 1) CeONP exhibit potent antioxidant activity, which is dependent on size, composition, & particle surface area and 2) CeONP protect neurons from free radical damage & Αβ 1‐42 toxicity.
Type-specific EV-D68 real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of all extant enterovirus D68 strains (2022)

Abstract Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has caused recurring respiratory disease outbreaks in the United States since 2014. The dominant circulating EV-D68 strain has evolved from clade B1 to the more recent B2 and B3 clades. As recurrent outbreaks and continued virus evolution are expected for EV-D68, a robust real-time PCR assay that detects known strains as well as potential emerging strains is critical for national surveillance and clinical diagnostics. We describe a type-specific EV-D68 real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay termed CDC2022, which targets sequences encoding conserved amino acid regions of all extant EV-D68 strains. We targeted three motifs conserved among all strains in the last 60 years. The assay achieved 100% (270/270) sensitivity and 100% (344/344) specificity when tested with a collection of 613 respiratory specimens, compared to the gold-standard EV semi-nested VP1 PCR and sequencing assay (snPCR/Seq). CDC2022 gave negative results with 289/289 non-target viruses, including 104 EV A-D isolates, 165 rhinovirus (RV) isolates or clinical specimens, and 14 other common respiratory viruses. The assay can detect as few as 0.28 CCID 50 per reaction. An in silico “phylo-primer-mismatch” analysis was performed to visualize primer/probe mismatches and to compare CDC2022 with other EV-D68 rRT-PCR assays, including the previous CDC assay (CDC2015) developed in 2014 for clade B1 strains. It showed that CDC2022 has the fewest primer/probe mismatches among all assays analyzed and is suitable for all clades. We additionally tested 11 EV-D68-positive clinical specimens from 2022 that were confirmed by snPCR/Seq, and all were detected. CDC2022 assay could provide a critical tool for molecular surveillance of EV-D68.