gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon treatment of a transplantable rat colon adenocarcinoma: Importance of tumor site (1984)

The effect of partially purified rat interferon ( RIFN ) was evaluated in CC531 colon tumor-bearing rats. Tumor CC531 is a DMH-induced, transplantable adenocarcinoma exhibiting weak immunogenicity. When small tumor fragments were implanted under the renal capsule, daily treatment with RIFN for 5 days led to a highly significant (p less than 0.001) inhibition of tumor growth, measured 7 days after implantation. Cyclic treatment with RIFN (10(5) units/kg/day, for 7 days in weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8) significantly retarded the development of artificial lung metastases, induced by intravenous (i.v.) injection of 5 X 10(5) colon tumor cells. The median survival time was 177 days in the RIFN group as compared to 116 days in the control group. Three of eight animals treated with RIFN showed no sign of lung metastases when they were killed 250 days after tumor cell injection. The same cyclic RIFN treatment which was effective in the lung metastases model had no influence on the growth of liver metastases evoked by the intraportal injection of 5 X 10(5) tumor cells. Laparotomy performed at days 30 and 50 after inoculation revealed equal numbers of liver metastases in the RIFN -treated group and the control group. The mean survival times obtained in the two groups were 96 +/- 20 days and 108 +/- 14 days, respectively (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). The results indicate that (1) there is no inherent resistance of this solid tumor to RIFN therapy and (2) the effect of RIFN treatment is determined by the site of tumor development. The finding that the liver can provide a protective environment against tumor immunity may have important clinical implications.
Detection of novel mutations in the gyrA gene of Staphylococcus aureus by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing (1994)

A total of 36 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (29 fluoroquinolone-resistant strains and 7 fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains) were studied for the presence of point mutations in the gyrA gene by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (Non-RI SSCP) analysis with silver stain. Direct DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR-amplified DNA fragments confirmed the results obtained by Non-RI SSCP analysis and revealed that fluoroquinolone resistance is closely associated with six types of mutations in the gyrA gene, of which three types of mutations were newly identified: (i) Ser-84-->Leu and Glu-88-->Gly, (ii) Ser-84-->Leu and Glu-88-->Lys, and (iii) Glu-88-->Gly. Furthermore, the novel ATT-->ATC mutation at codon 86 (silent mutation) was seen in only one fluoroquinolone-susceptible strain. All seven mutational types were separated from the wild type in a single electrophoretic step within 3 h after PCR amplification. Thus, we conclude that this new technique is a rapid, simple, and useful screening method for the genotyping of gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Silicon wavelength-selective partial-drop broadcast filter bank (2014)

We propose an approach to a wavelength-selective 1×N port optical broadcast network demonstrating the approach in a 1×8 port parallel optical drop filter bank utilizing adiabatic micro-ring tunable filters. The micro-ring filters exhibit first-order 92.7±3.7 GHz full width at half-maximum bandwidths with a 36.2 nm free spectral range, low-drop power variation (0.11 dB), and aggregate excess loss of only 1.1 dB in all drop ports. Error-free operation at a 10 Gbit/s data rate is achieved for all eight drop ports with less than a 0.5 dB power penalty among the ports. This wavelength-selective parallel-drop approach serves as a building block for on-chip all-to-all communication networks.
Scene Text Localization and Recognition with Oriented Stroke Detection (2013)

An unconstrained end-to-end text localization and recognition method is presented. The method introduces a novel approach for character detection and recognition which combines the advantages of sliding-window and connected component methods. Characters are detected and recognized as image regions which contain strokes of specific orientations in a specific relative position, where the strokes are efficiently detected by convolving the image gradient field with a set of oriented bar filters. Additionally, a novel character representation efficiently calculated from the values obtained in the stroke detection phase is introduced. The representation is robust to shift at the stroke level, which makes it less sensitive to intra-class variations and the noise induced by normalizing character size and positioning. The effectiveness of the representation is demonstrated by the results achieved in the classification of real-world characters using an euclidian nearest-neighbor classifier trained on synthetic data in a plain form. The method was evaluated on a standard dataset, where it achieves state-of-the-art results in both text localization and recognition.
Localization in wireless sensor networks with gradient descent (2011)

In this article, we present two distance-based sensor network localization algorithms. The location of the sensors is unknown initially and we can estimate the relative locations of sensors by using knowledge of inter-sensor distance measurements. Together with the knowledge of the absolute locations of three or more sensors, we can also determine the locations of all the sensors in the wireless network. The proposed algorithms make use of gradient descent to achieve excellent localization accuracy. The two gradient descent algorithms are iterative in nature and result is obtained when there is no further improvement on the accuracy. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithms have better performance than existing localization algorithms. A comparison of different methods is given in the paper.
<title>Doppler-Cancelled, Two-Photon Resonant Ionization Spectroscopy</title> (1981)

A pulse amplified cw dye laser has been developed which produces a peak power of 50 to 100 kilowatts with a bandwidth of about 80 MHz. Frequency doubling this output produces power levels of up to 1 kilowatt, sufficient for observing two-photon processes in noble gases. Doppler-cancelled two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization spectra of several states of xenon and one state of krypton have been recorded which clearly show hyperfine splittings in odd isotopes. State assignments and fitted hyperfine constants have been determined where appropriate.
A New Low-Cost Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motor for Adjustable-Speed Pump Applications (2006)

This paper presents a new low-cost, hybrid SR motor intended for use in adjustable-speed pump drive systems. This motor is a single-phase motor, driven by a unipolar converter. This motor uses both the reluctance torque and the permanent magnet interaction torque. Compared with normal single-phase SR motors, it has an increased torque density. The cogging torque is properly used in this motor for reducing the torque ripple. It is demonstrated that such a motor drive system can be a suitable candidate to advantageously compete with the existing motor drive systems for low-cost applications. Finite element models are used to analyze and predict the motor's performance. The proposed motor drive system has been fabricated and its performance tested in the laboratory. These experimental results are also presented
Influence of ITPA polymorphisms on decreases of hemoglobin during treatment with pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir (2010)

ITPA polymorphism influences hemoglobin levels during triple therapy, particularly during the first 12 weeks while telaprevir is given. With careful monitoring of anemia and prompt adjustment of RBV dose, SVR can be achieved comparably frequently between patients with CC and CA/AA genotypes.
Ultra-high intensity- 300-TW laser at 0.1 Hz repetition rate (2008)

We demonstrate the highest intensity - 300 TW laser by developing booster amplifying stage to the 50-TW-Ti:sapphire laser (HERCULES). To our knowledge this is the first multi-100TW-scale laser at 0.1 Hz repetition rate.
Optoelectronic Glass Substrates for Co-packaging of Optics and ASICs (2020)

A glass packaging substrate with integrated waveguides and evanescent couplers for silicon photonic chiplets is introduced for fiber to chip interconnects with high-channel counts required for co-packaging of optics and switch ASICs in next-generation datacenters.
Preference of the Mesolytic Cleavage over the Nuclear Substitution Observed in the Ozone-mediated Nitration of Bicumene with Nitrogen Dioxide. Implication to the Electron Transfer Nature of the <i>Kyodai</i>-Nitration of Arenes (1996)

Abstract Ozone-mediated reaction of bicumene with nitrogen dioxide in dichloromethane at low temperature results in almost complete mesolytic cleavage of the hydrocarbon, accompanied by little or no nuclear nitration, in accordance with operation of the electron transfer process involving the nitrogen trioxide as initial electrophile.
Gastric cytoprotection by antacids and papaverine in rats. (1982)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) prevented hemorrhagic ulceration of rat stomach mucosa induced by various procedures when given orally at a non-antisecretory dose. This effect of PGE2 is called gastric cytoprotection. We used absolute ethanol, 0.6 N hydrochloric acid and 0.2 N sodium hydroxide as damaging agents. Ranitidine at an antisecretory dose did not exhibit any cytoprotective effect. However, the poorly absorbable antacids, magnesium hydroxide plus aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate inhibited the development of hemorrhagic lesions significantly. A similar protective effect was seen after intragastric administration of papaverine, which is known to stimulate endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. However, the question as to whether or not stimulation of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis is the mode of action of the cytoprotective effect of papaverine and poorly absorbable antacids, cannot yet be answered.
Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonian-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin (2008)

Recent processing of additional samples, re-processing of the M. Makrides samples and re-evaluation of benthic and planktic foraminifera assemblages previously described from Mzamba Cliff, has led to the finding of several rare species that support previous ammonite datings of the succession. These include numbers of the planktic species Dicarinella asymetrica (Sigal) and Sigalia sp., which are limited to the Middle to Late Santonian, and to the Middle Santonian, respectively. Sigalia sp. appears to be a different species from the widely distributed Sigalia deflaensis (Sigal), as it is distinguished by depressed sutures throughout. Alternatively Sigalia sp. may be a variant limited to shallow or temperate waters; or it may be a juvenile form of Sigalia deflaensis. In addition, rare tests of the Santonian larger benthic foraminifera Pseudosiderolites sp. have been found, the first such larger foraminifera from the Late Cretaceous succession of southern Africa. Comments on the possible stratigraphic value of a species of Cyclammina occurring through the Campanian interval at Mzamba Cliff are also included. A palaeoecological review is presented, as well as an updated attempt at a foraminiferal bed-by-bed stratigraphy of the Mzamba outcrop succession.
Non-Exposure Location Anonymity (2009)

Location cloaking has been proposed and well studied to protect user privacy. It blurs the accurate user location (i.e., a point with coordinates) and replaces it with a well-shaped cloaked region (usually a circle or a rectangle). However, to obtain such a cloaked region, all existing cloaking algorithms require to know the accurate locations of all users. Since such information is exactly what the user wants to hide, these algorithms can work only if all parties involved in the cloaking process are trusted. However, in practice this assumption rarely holds as any of these parties could be malicious. Therefore, location cloaking without exposing the accurate user location to any party is urgently needed. In this paper, we present such a non-exposure cloaking algorithm. It is designed for k-anonymity and cloaking is performed based on the proximity information among mobile users, instead of directly on their coordinates. We decompose the problem into two subproblems --- proximity minimum k-clustering and secure bounding, and develop distributed algorithms for both of them. Experimental results consistently show that these algorithms are efficient and robust under various proximity topologies and system settings.
Active Volume Control in Smart Phones Based on User Activity and Ambient Noise (2020)

To communicate efficiently with a prospective user, auditory interfaces are employed in mobile communication devices. Diverse sounds in different volumes are used to alert the user in various devices such as mobile phones, modern laptops and domestic appliances. These alert noises behave erroneously in dynamic noise environments, leading to major annoyances to the user. In noisy environments, as sounds can be played quietly, this leads to the improper masked rendering of the necessary information. To overcome these issues, a multi-model sensing technique is developed as a smartphone application to achieve automatic volume control in a smart phone. Based on the ambient environment, the volume is automatically controlled such that it is maintained at an appropriate level for the user. By identifying the average noise level of the ambient environment from dynamic microphone and together with the activity recognition data obtained from the inertial sensors, the automatic volume control is achieved. Experiments are conducted with five different mobile devices at various noise-level environments and different user activity states. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed application for active volume control in dynamic environments.
Critical Role of the Transcriptional Repressor Neuron-restrictive Silencer Factor in the Specific Control of Connexin36 in Insulin-producing Cell Lines (2003)

Connexin36 (Cx36) is specifically expressed in neurons and in pancreatic beta-cells. Cx36 functions as a critical regulator of insulin secretion and content in beta-cells. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms that control the beta-cell expression of Cx36, we initiated the characterization of the human 5' regulatory region of the CX36 gene. A 2043-bp fragment of the human CX36 promoter was identified from a human BAC library and fused to a luciferase reporter gene. This promoter region was sufficient to confer specific expression to the reporter gene in insulin-secreting cell lines. Within this 5' regulatory region, a putative neuron-restrictive silencer element conserved between rodent and human species was recognized and binds the neuron-restrictive silencing factor (NRSF/REST). This factor is not expressed in insulin-secreting cells and neurons; it functions as a potent repressor through the recruitment of histone deacetylase to the promoter of neuronal genes. The NRSF-mediated repression of Cx36 in HeLa cells was abolished by trichostatin A, confirming the functional importance of histone deacetylase activity. Ectopic expression, by viral gene transfer, of NRSF/REST in different insulin-secreting beta-cell lines induced a marked reduction in Cx36 mRNA and protein content. Moreover, mutations in the Cx36 neuron-restrictive silencer element relieved the low transcriptional activity of the human CX36 promoter observed in HeLa cells and in INS-1 cells expressing NRSF/REST. The data showed that cx36 gene expression in insulin-producing beta-cell lines is strictly controlled by the transcriptional repressor NRSF/REST indicating that Cx36 participates to the neuronal phenotype of the pancreatic beta-cells.
Prognostic significance of Cbx4 expression and its beneficial effect for transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

Our recent investigations showed that polycomb chromobox 4 (Cbx4) promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its sumoylating action on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein. Here, we attempt to identify the prognostic significances of Cbx4 by a retrospective analyses in 727 cases of HCC patients with and without postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial embolization (TAE). Binary logistic regression tests indicated that Cbx4 is correlated with histological grading, tumor-node-metastasis stage, microvessel density, distant metastasis and hematogenous metastasis of HCC. By univariate and multivariate analyses, we show that Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor of HCC, and both TAE and TACE treatments have no effects on the overall survival in HCC patients with low Cbx4 expression. More intriguingly, TACE prolongs, while TAE shortens, the overall survival of HCC patients with high Cbx4 expression, indicating that Cbx4 is a good biomarker on decision-making to perform postoperative TACE in HCC patients. Moreover, Cbx4 overexpression enhances while Cbx4 silencing antagonizes doxorubicin-induced cell death of HCC cell lines. In conclusion, Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients, and the patients with high Cbx4 expression should receive postoperative TACE treatment to improve their survival.
Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice (2008)

Very low temperatures create conditions that can preserve tissue for centuries, possibly including the neurological basis of the human mind. Through a process called vitrification, brain tissue can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures without ice formation. Damage associated with this process is theoretically reversible in the same sense that rejuvenation is theoretically possible by specific foreseeable technology. Injury to the brain due to stopped blood flow is now known to result from a complex series of processes that take much longer to run to completion than the 6 min limit of ordinary resuscitation technology. Reperfusion beyond the 6 min limit primarily damages blood vessels rather than brain tissue. Apoptosis of neurons takes many hours. This creates a window of opportunity between legal death and irretrievable loss of life for human and animal subjects for cryopreservation with possibility of future resuscitation. Under ideal conditions, the time interval between onset of clinical death and beginning of cryonics procedures can be reduced to less than 1 min, but much longer delays could also be compatible with ultimate survival. Although the evidence that cryonics may work is indirect, the application of indirect evidence is essential in many areas of science. If complex changes due to aging are reversible at some future date, then similarly complex changes due to stopped blood flow and cryopreservation may also be reversible, with life-saving results for anyone with medical needs that exceed current capabilities.
Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in infective meningitis in childhood. (1985)

The value of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein (CSF CRP) determination as a diagnostic aid in infective meningitis has been investigated in four groups of children. In a "no meningitis" group of 10 children, a median CSF CRP value of 0.08 micrograms/ml was obtained (range 0 to 0.31 micrograms/ml); in a viral meningitis group of 21 children a median value of 0.01 micrograms/ml (range 0 to 3.06 micrograms/ml); in a bacterial meningitis group of 27 children a median value of 9.6 micrograms/ml (range 0 to 31.5 micrograms/ml); and in a tuberculous meningitis group of 18 children a median value of 0.29 micrograms/ml (range 0 to 4.9 micrograms/ml). CSF CRP values in the bacterial meningitis group differed significantly from those of each of the other groups (P less than 0.01), but considerable overlap between the groups detracted from the diagnostic value of the test. In six patients with bacterial meningitis with ambiguous conventional CSF chemistry results, normal CSF CRP values were found. Simultaneous serum CRP was determined in nine patients with tuberculous meningitis and 11 with bacterial meningitis, and the CRP response in both the serum and CSF appears subdued in tuberculous meningitis in comparison with bacterial meningitis. CSF CRP and total protein values were determined intermittently during a 24-hour period in ventricular CSF from two children with tuberculous meningitis who underwent temporary direct ventricular drainage. A considerable and apparently parallel diurnal variation in both values was seen. CSF CRP values have limited application in the etiologic diagnosis of meningitis.
Distinct Protease Requirements for Antigen Presentation In Vitro and In Vivo (2010)

Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) or legumain is a potentially important Ag-processing enzyme that introduces limited cleavages that trigger unfolding and class II MHC binding of different Ag substrates. AEP is necessary and sufficient for optimal processing and presentation of the tetanus toxin C fragment (TTCF) Ag in vitro, but its importance has not been tested in vivo. Surprisingly, virtually normal T cell and Ab responses to TTCF were mounted in AEP-deficient mice when examined 10 d after immunization. This was the case when TTCF was emulsified with CFA, adsorbed onto alum, or expressed within live Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, the dominant Ab and T cell determinants recognized in TTCF were essentially unchanged in AEP-deficient mice. These data are explained, at least in part, by the much lower levels of AEP expressed in primary murine APCs compared with immortalized B cell lines. Even so, the initial in vivo kinetics of TTCF presentation were slower in AEP-deficient mice and, as expected, boosting AEP levels in primary APCs enhanced and accelerated TTCF processing and presentation in vitro. Thus, AEP remains the protease of choice for TTCF processing; however, in its absence, other enzymes can substitute to enable slower, but equally robust, adaptive immune responses. Moreover, clear relationships between Ags and processing proteases identified from short-term in vitro processing and presentation studies do not necessarily predict an absolute in vivo dependency on those processing enzymes, not least because they may be expressed at strikingly different levels in vitro versus in vivo.
Role of Epac proteins in mechanisms of cAMP-dependent immunoregulation (2011)

This review presents observations on the role of Epac proteins (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) in immunoregulation mechanisms. Signaling pathways that involve Epac proteins and their domain organization and functions are considered. The role of Epac1 protein expressed in the immune system cells is especially emphasized. Molecular mechanisms of the cAMP-dependent signal via Epac1 are analyzed in monocytes/macrophages, T-cells, and B-lymphocytes. The role of Epac1 is shown in the regulation of adhesion, leukocyte chemotaxis, as well as in phagocytosis and bacterial killing. The molecular cascade initiated by Epac1 is examined under conditions of antigen activation of T-cells and immature B-lymphocytes.