gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real time data transfer using fiber optic communication (2016)

Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic_carrier_ wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information. Age. Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world. The project is used to communicate or transmit the real time data or information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. In the project two microcontrollers were used out of which one is transmitter and other is receiver unit. Four parameters like Music, temperature. humidity and string of ASCII characters were used as four separate inputs. Two LCDs were used to observe current status of program as well as to see the temperature and string of character. 11.0592 MHz crystals were used for both Tx and Rx. Microcontroller at Tx is interfaced with LCD, two toggle switches (for channel selection 00; 01; 10; 11). According to mode of switch address is send to MUX and then is displayed on LCD. Output of MUX is driven by LASER/LED which in turn converts digital data into optical form. Music from transmitter will be audible at receiver with the help of speaker. Likewise humidity, temperature and string of ASCII can communicated in simplex way.
Curling: Content-ubiquitous resolution and delivery infrastructure for next-generation services (2011)

CURLING, a Content-Ubiquitous Resolution and Delivery Infrastructure for Next Generation Services, aims to enable a future content-centric Internet that will overcome the current intrinsic constraints by efficiently diffusing media content of massive scale. It entails a holistic approach, supporting content manipulation capabilities that encompass the entire content life cycle, from content publication to content resolution and, finally, to content delivery. CURLING provides to both content providers and customers high flexibility in expressing their location preferences when publishing and requesting content, respectively, thanks to the proposed scoping and filtering functions. Content manipulation operations can be driven by a variety of factors, including business relationships between ISPs, local ISP policies, and specific content provider and customer preferences. Content resolution is also natively coupled with optimized content routing techniques that enable efficient unicast and multicast- based content delivery across the global Internet.
Current Lease and Royalty Problems in the Gas Industry (1988)

The past two years have been a time of restructuring for the natural gas industry, particularly for producers and pipeline companies.The problems of the industry have affected the relationships of producers and the mineral owners who granted them oil and gas leases.Although lease and royalty problems are given little attention on a national basis, they involve hundreds of millions of dollars potentially at issue between producers and royalty owners. II. LEASE MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY LOWER PRICESRecently, a frequent topic of conversation among oil and gas attorneys has been whether their clients' leases are still in effect and, if so, for how much longer.The problem is that falling oil and gas prices generally mean falling profits, and most oil and gas leases are drafted so that they terminate when it is no longer profitable to continue to operate them.The typical lease habendum clause provides for extension of the *
Highly Stereoselective Intermolecular Radical Addition to Aldehyde Hydrazones from a Chiral 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Stereoselective Intermolecular Radical Addition to Aldehyde Hydrazones from a Chiral 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinoneGregory K. Friestad and Jun QinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont, 05405 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 34, 8329–8330Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2000Publication History Received19 June 2000Published online10 August 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002173uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002173urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2619Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Amines,Carbonyls,Enantioselective synthesis,Lewis acids Get e-Alerts
Novel Cranial Implants of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia as Acoustic Windows for Ultrasonic Brain Therapy (2017)

Therapeutic ultrasound can induce changes in tissues by means of thermal and nonthermal effects. It is proposed for treatment of some brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, and cancer. However, cranium highly absorbs ultrasound reducing transmission efficiency. There are clinical applications of transcranial focused ultrasound and implantable ultrasound transducers proposed to address this problem. In this paper, biocompatible materials are proposed for replacing part of the cranium (cranial implants) based on low porosity polycrystalline 8 mol% yttria-stabilized-zirconia (8YSZ) ceramics as acoustic windows for brain therapy. In order to assess the viability of 8YSZ implants to effectively transmit ultrasound, various 8YSZ ceramics with different porosity are tested; their acoustic properties are measured; and the results are validated using finite element models simulating wave propagation to brain tissue through 8YSZ windows. The ultrasound attenuation is found to be linearly dependent on ceramics' porosity. Results for the nearly pore-free case indicate that 8YSZ is highly effective in transmitting ultrasound, with overall maximum transmission efficiency of ≈81%, compared to near total absorption of cranial bone. These results suggest that 8YSZ polycrystals could be suitable acoustic windows for ultrasound brain therapy at 1 MHz.
Interpreting Blackbox Models via Model Extraction (2017)

Interpretability has become incredibly important as machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decisions. We propose to construct global explanations of complex, blackbox models in the form of a decision tree approximating the original model---as long as the decision tree is a good approximation, then it mirrors the computation performed by the blackbox model. We devise a novel algorithm for extracting decision tree explanations that actively samples new training points to avoid overfitting. We evaluate our algorithm on a random forest to predict diabetes risk and a learned controller for cart-pole. Compared to several baselines, our decision trees are both substantially more accurate and equally or more interpretable based on a user study. Finally, we describe several insights provided by our interpretations, including a causal issue validated by a physician.
A Single Chip Microcomputer with System Features (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new microcomputer family has been designed with the intent of minimizing system parts count by integrating typical system requirements “on chip.” The tendency toward over specialization has been avoided by increasing the microcomputer family members to allow system upgrading with minimum overkill. The S2000 microcomputer family is an example of next generation low cost single chip microcomputers designed with system applications in mind.</div>
Convenient preparation and physical properties of lithium intercalation compounds of Group 4B and 5B layered transition metal dichalcogenides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient preparation and physical properties of lithium intercalation compounds of Group 4B and 5B layered transition metal dichalcogenidesDonald W. Murphy, Francis J. Di Salvo, George W. Hull Jr., and Joseph V. WaszczakCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 1, 17–21Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50155a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50155a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1748Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosomal Instability Substantiates Poor Prognosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2011)

Increased rates of chromosome mis-segregation in DLBCL substantiate inferior outcome and poor prognosis. This is likely due to increased heterogeneity of tumor cells leading to a larger predilection for adaptation in response to external pressures such as metastasis and drug treatments. We propose that targeting CIN would yield superior prognosis and improved response to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Pediatric Feeding Disorder in Early Intervention: Expanding Access, Improving Outcomes, and Prioritizing Responsive Feeding (2022)

Purpose: Pediatric feeding disorder (PFD), like many childhood medical conditions, is likely to negatively impact a child's growth and development, daily learning opportunities, and family functioning. Parents who have children with a diagnosis of PFD may not yet know the most effective way to feed their children and often experience negative emotions surrounding mealtimes. These families may receive therapy services through early intervention (EI) programs. In many states, there are barriers that limit access to programs and provision of high-quality care for this population. These barriers include the lack of an approved single feeding-related diagnosis that renders a child automatically eligible, lack of approved stand-alone feeding-specific testing tools with which to determine eligibility, lack of educational and clinical experience requirements for providers, and considerable variation in service provision. Method: This clinical focus article reviews the definition of PFD, the multifaceted needs of families and children in EI, support for use of responsive feeding in treatment of PFD, alignment of responsive feeding strategies with EI principles, and barriers limiting access to consistent, high-quality EI services for children with PFD. Several changes to EI programs are proposed to address these barriers. Conclusions: Use of PFD as an automatically qualifying diagnosis for EI programs and use of approved stand-alone feeding-specific assessment tools could establish more consistent and specific eligibility standards for this population, likely expanding early access to support and improving outcomes. EI provider clinical experience and training requirements would likely lead to more consistent and high-quality, evidence-based service provision. Required training should include the use of methods such as routines-based intervention, parent coaching, and anticipatory guidance to support implementation of responsive feeding practices during mealtime routines.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PRODUCING K_2SO_4 AND OXIDATION IRON RED FROM FeSO_4 (2000)

Ferrous sulfate, which is the byproduct from titania (TiO 2) factory, was used as the raw material, adding industrial product ammonium hydrocarbonate (NH 4HCO 3), to produce the intermediates, ferrous carbonate (FeCO 3) crystal and ammonium sulfate ((NH 4) 2SO 4) solution. The effects of every factor on the process were studied and it was, in turn, to obtain the optimum performing conditions. Ammonium sulfate reacts with potassium chloride (KCl) to produce potassium sulfate (K 2SO 4) and byproduct ammonium chloride (NH 4Cl). In this reaction process, a kind of amines was chosen as the reaction medium because it can decrease the solubility of K 2SO 4 in the solution so that the conversion level of K + was improved and approuched to 85%. The optimum technical parameters of this process were also obtained. Oxidation iron red, another product, was produced by feeding air into the ferrous carbonate and by oxidation. In the whole procedure, the raw material were well utilized, and a good economic benefit was achieved. [WT5HZ]
Supramolecular Chemistry, Fluorescence, and Sensing (1993)

Each new ability to visualize analyte concentrations in real-time portends the fabrication of new sensors. Potential applications include fiber optic-based remoting sensing of solution species and the monitoring of concentrations within living cells. A fluorescent chemosensor is a compound of abiotic origin that complexes to an analyte reversibly with concomitant fluorescence signal transduction. Such chemosensors have been used for fluorimetric metal ion determination for over 100 years. The advent of ligand engineering has introduced a more systematic approach to the design of chemosensors with new selectivities and signal transduction schemes. The technological driving force to achieve useful chemosensors will stimulate investigation of new topics in molecule recognition, fluorescent signal transduction, and their intersection.
A Status of Sealing Performance of End-Face Type Seals for Water Pumps of Automotive Engines in Japan (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">End-face type seals have been applied as sealing devices for the water pumps in the cooling systems of automotive engines. However, many troublesome problems have occurred for many years and the countermeasures have been investigated as many times. For examples, the problem of excessive abrasion of seal faces caused by foreign particles in liquid to be sealed was solved by using the sliding materials which had a hither thermal conductivity and a lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, the noise problem of the ringing phenomena caused by the stick-slip between sliding surfaces was prevented by changing the carbon material whose lubrication characteristics had a negative slope as weak as possible in the Torque-Speed curve.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a result of these investigations, end face seals of this type have obtained the satisfactory sealing performance for many users' requirements in the present Japanese market.</div>
Azthreonam (SQ 26,776), a synthetic monobactam specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria (1982)

Azthreonam (SQ 26,776) is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antimicrobial agent belonging to the monobactam family (Sykes et al., Nature [London] 291:489-491, 1981), members of which are characterized by having the 2-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonic acid moiety. Azthreonam exhibits a high degree of stability to beta-lactamases and is specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its activity against these organisms was in general equal or superior to that observed with the third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Like penicillins and cephalosporins, azthreonam interacts with essential penicillin-binding proteins of gram-negative bacteria. Azthreonam protected mice against experimental infections produced by a range of gram-negative bacteria, exhibiting efficacy comparable to that of cefotaxime and ceftazidime.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to the Protonation of Thiourea: A Convenient Nucleophile in Coordination Chemistry Revisited (2005)

Abstract The protonation of thiourea was reinvestigated in aqueous and non‐aqueous media using potentiometric, UV‐vis, NMR, MS spectroscopy, as well as DFT calculations. In aqueous medium, no evidence for protonation could be found in the pH range 0 to 7, in agreement with typical pK a values (acid dissociation constants of protonated thiourea) quoted in the literature of around ‐1.2. Most of the protonation constants quoted in the literature are incorrect and apparently refer to pK a values. Protonation of thiourea occurs at a much higher pK a value in methanol and in water‐dioxane mixtures, which must be related to the stabilization of the protonated species in such media.
First demonstration of flash RRAM on pure CMOS logic 14nm FinFET platform featuring excellent immunity to sneak-path and MLC capability (2017)

For the first time, the ion-vacancy-based bipolar RRAM has been demonstrated on HKMG stack of FEOL logic 14nm FinFET. A unit cell with two identical FinFETs, one serves as a control transistor and the other one is the storage with resistance switching. It is performed by the edge tunneling and with bipolar switching. More importantly, the sneak path issue in an AND-type array based on this FinFET unit cell has been thoroughly investigated. To solve sneak path issue, a new active-fin-isolation (AFI) of FinFET in an AND-type array was proposed. This new AFI effectively increases the S/N margin of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and significantly reduces the standby power of 30% and active power of 99%, compared to original AND-type array. This work provides a promising candidate for the embedded FLASH memory on FinFET platform featuring fully-CMOS compatible integration and low cost solution in the more-than-Moore era.
A Ray Tracing Simulation of Sound Diffraction Based on the Analytic Secondary Source Model (2012)

This paper describes a novel ray tracing method for solving sound diffraction problems. This method is a Monte Carlo solution to the multiple integration in the analytic secondary source model of edge diffraction; it uses ray tracing to calculate sample values of the integrand. The similarity between our method and general ray tracing makes it possible to utilize the various approaches developed for ray tracing. Our implementation employs the OptiX ray tracing engine, which exhibits good acceleration performance on a graphics processor. Two importance sampling methods are derived from different aspects, and they provide an efficient and accurate way to solve the numerically challenging integration. The accuracy of our method was demonstrated by comparing its estimates with the ones calculated by reference software. An analysis of signal-to-noise ratios using an auditory filter bank was performed objectively and subjectively in order to evaluate the error characteristics and perceptual quality. The applicability of our method was evaluated with a prototype system of interactive ray tracing.
Testosterone treatment improves metabolic syndrome-induced adipose tissue derangements (2012)

We recently demonstrated that testosterone dosing ameliorated the metabolic profile and reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rabbit model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We studied the effects of HFD and in vivo testosterone dosing on VAT function and the adipogenic capacity of rabbit preadipocytes isolated from VAT of regular diet (RD), HFD, and testosterone-treated HFD rabbits. VAT was studied by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT-PCR. Isolated rPADs were exposed to adipocyte differentiating mixture (DIM) to evaluate adipogenic potential. Adipocyte size was significantly increased in HFD VAT compared with RD, indicating adipocyte dysfunction, which was normalized by testosterone dosing. Accordingly, perilipin, an anti-lipolytic protein, was significantly increased in HFD VAT, when compared with other groups. HFD VAT was hypoxic, while testosterone dosing normalized VAT oxygenation. In VAT, androgen receptor expression was positively associated with mRNA expression of GLUT4 (SLC2A4) (insulin-regulated glucose transporter) and STAMP2 (STEAP4) (androgen-dependent gene required for insulin signaling). In testosterone-treated HFD VAT, STAMP2 mRNA was significantly increased when compared with the other groups. Moreover, GLUT4 membrane translocation was significantly reduced in HFD VAT, compared with RD, and increased by testosterone. In DIM-exposed preadipocytes from HFD, triglyceride accumulation, adipocyte-specific genes, insulin-stimulated triglyceride synthesis, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 membrane translocation were reduced compared with preadipocytes from RD and normalized by in vivo testosterone dosing. In conclusion, testosterone dosing in a MetS animal model positively affects VAT functions. This could reflect the ability of testosterone in restoring insulin sensitivity in VAT, thus counteracting metabolic alterations.
Minimisation of current crowding during turn-off of power GTO devices (2002)

The maximum controllable anode current is influenced by the current crowding phenomenon observed in GTO thyristors during turn-off. This phenomenon initiates: (1) formation of the current filament with a density much higher than its surrounding and leads to the localised thermal instability; and (2) conductivity modulation at the conduction channel causing a nonuniform electric field distribution within the depletion layer and resulting in an early punchthrough breakdown. In this paper, device parameters are optimised by detailed two-dimensional device simulations to minimise the current crowding and at the same time to maintain a low forward voltage drop and short turn-off time. By doing so, the localised thermal stress can be reduced and a more uniform electric field distribution is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>