gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spaceborne GNSS-Reflectometry on TechDemoSat-1: Early Mission Operations and Exploitation (2016)

GNSS-Reflectometry is a new technique that shows promise for many earth observation applications including remote sensing of oceans, land, and ice. A payload has been developed that is low size and power, and suitable for use on small satellites. The first flight of the SGR-ReSI GNSS Reflectometry Instrument is on the TechDemoSat-1 mission, launched in July 2014. The instrument has been operational since its commissioning in September 2014, and has been collecting delay Doppler maps routinely over many different surfaces. Preliminary work has been undertaken to develop and validate wind speed inversion algorithms against ASCAT measurements with promising results. Measurements over land and sea ice are also showing interesting geophysical characteristics This paper describes the instrument, early operations, data dissemination through the Measurement of Earth Reflected Radio-navigation Signals By Satellite (MERRByS) website and preliminary data assessments in preparation for further data exploitation.
An Intelligent System for Petroleum Well Drilling Cutting Analysis (2009)

Cutting analysis is a important and crucial task task to detect and prevent problems during the petroleum well drilling process. Several studies have been developed for drilling inspection, but none of them takes care about analysing the generated cutting at the vibrating shale shakers. Here we proposed a system to analyse the cutting's concentration at the vibrating shale shakers, which can indicate problems during the petroleum well drilling process, such that the collapse of the well borehole walls. Cutting's images are acquired and sent to the data analysis module, which has as the main goal to extract features and to classify frames according to one of three previously classes of cutting's volume. A collection of supervised classifiers were applied in order to allow comparisons about their accuracy and efficiency. We used the Optimum-Path Forest (OPF), Artificial Neural Network using Multi layer Perceptrons (ANN-MLP), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and a Bayesian Classifier (BC) for this task. The first one outperformed all the remaining classifiers. Recall that we are also the first to introduce the OPF classifier in this field of knowledge. Very good results show the robustness of the proposed system, which can be also integrated with other commonly system (Mud-Logging) in order to improve the last one's efficiency.
Statistical methods for detecting differentially methylated loci and regions (2014)

DNA methylation, the reversible addition of methyl groups at CpG dinucleotides, represents an important regulatory layer associated with gene expression. Changed methylation status has been noted across diverse pathological states, including cancer. The rapid development and uptake of microarrays and large scale DNA sequencing has prompted an explosion of data analytic methods for processing and discovering changes in DNA methylation across varied data types. In this mini-review, we present a compact and accessible discussion of many of the salient challenges, such as experimental design, statistical methods for differential methylation detection, critical considerations such as cell type composition and the potential confounding that can arise from batch effects. From a statistical perspective, our main interests include the use of empirical Bayes or hierarchical models, which have proved immensely powerful in genomics, and the procedures by which false discovery control is achieved.
Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils. (1990)

Immediate hypersensitivity is due to the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils after the crosslinking of Fc epsilon RI. The appearance of such receptors was examined during differentiation of human and mouse bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of IL-3. As already reported, mouse bone marrow yield cultures of greater than 95% mast cells by 3 wk, whereas human bone marrow develop into cultures comprising 25% basophils by 3 wk. Here we show that transcripts for Fc epsilon RI subunits and membrane-associated receptors are apparent by 1 wk in both human and murine IL-3-dependent bone marrow cells. These cells contain few, if any, granules. The expression of transcripts and the number of receptor-positive cells continue to increase over 3 wk of culture. In parallel, a progressively larger number of cells become increasingly granulated to finally resemble either basophils or mast cells. Mature peripheral human basophils also contain transcripts for Fc epsilon RI and, therefore, may have the potential to synthesize de novo receptors. The early appearance of Fc epsilon FI during cell differentiation may be important for these cells to respond to IgE-mediated stimuli before granulation. The physiologic role of Fc epsilon RI could be to mediate lymphokine production (IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor) without inducing cellular degranulation.
Optic Nerve Regeneration in Adult Fish and Apolipoprotein A‐I (1989)

Fish optic nerves, unlike mammalian optic nerves, are endowed with a high capacity to regenerate. Injury to fish optic nerves causes pronounced changes in the composition of pulse-labeled substances derived from the surrounding non-neuronal cells. The most prominent of these injury-induced changes is in a 28-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide whose level increases after injury, as revealed by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The present study identified as apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I) a polypeptide of 28 kDa in media conditioned by regenerating fish optic nerves. The level of this polypeptide increased after injury by approximately 35%. Apo-A-I was isolated by gel-permeation chromatography from delipidated high-density lipoproteins (HDL) that had been obtained from carp plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation. Further identification of the purified protein as apo-A-I was based on its molecular mass (28 kDa) as determined by gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, and microheterogeneity studies. The isolated protein was further analyzed by immunoblots of two-dimensional gels and was found to contain six isoforms. Western blot analysis using antibodies directed against the isolated plasma protein showed that the 28-kDa polypeptide in the preparation of soluble substances derived from the fish optic nerves (conditioned media, CM) cross-reacted immunologically with the isolated fish plasma apo-A-I. Immunoblots of two-dimensional gels revealed the presence of three apo-A-I isoforms in the CM of regenerating fish optic nerves (pIs: 6.49, 6.64, and 6.73). At least some of the apo-A-I found in the CM is derived from the nerve, as was shown by pulse labeling with [35S]methionine, followed by immunoprecipitation. The apo-A-I immunoactive polypeptides in the CM of the fish optic nerve were found in high molecular-weight, putative HDL-like particles. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that apo-A-I immunoreactive sites were present in the fish optic nerves. Higher labeling was found in injured nerves (between the site of injury and the brain) than in non-injured nerves. The accumulation of apo-A-I in nerves that are capable of regenerating may be similar to that of apo-E in sciatic nerves of mammals (a regenerative system); in contrast, although its synthesis is increased, apo-A-I does not accumulate in avian optic nerves nor does apo-E in rat optic nerves (two nonregenerative systems).
Suppression of extablished Friend virus leukemia by statolon: potentiation of statolon's leukemosuppressive activity by chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (1975)

Treatment of Friend virus (FV)-infected mice, 3 days after FV inoculation, with statolon, an extract of the mold Penicillium stoloniferum, induces interferon and restores immunocompetence to viral and nonviral antigens such as sheep erythrocytes. Clinical remissions are established in 20 to 70% of the infected mice. Cholorite-oxidized oxyamylose administered intraperitoneally 24 h before, 3 h before, or 3 h after statolon enhanced interferon production, but the increased number of mice protected against FV disease was more closely related to the associated enhanced synthesis of FV cytotoxic antibody. The prolonged selective immunodepression to intraperitoneal sheep erythrocytes after intraperitoneal administration of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose-statolon appeared to be related to a stimulation in number and erythrocyte-phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages. The marked activation of macrophages in FV leukemic mice after such treatment may also have contributed to the enhanced FV leukemosuppressive effects of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose-statolon.
A computational model of depth-based attention (1996)

We present a computational model for attention. It consists of an early parallel stage with preattentive cues followed by a later serial stage, where the cues are integrated. We base the model on disparity image flow and motion. As one of the several possibilities we choose a depth-based criterion to integrate these cues, in such a way that the attention is maintained to the closest moving object. We demonstrate the technique by experiments in which a moving observer selectively mask our different moving objects in real scenes.
The application of graphene based materials for actuators (2012)

Compared with traditional actuation materials, such as piezoelectric, ferroelectric and conducting polymer materials which suffered from low flexibility, high driving voltages and low energy efficiency, graphene exhibits outstanding mechanical, electrical, optical properties and chemical stability, which made it a good candidate for actuation materials. In this review, the recent progress in graphene based actuators induced by electric, electrochemical, optical and other stimulations are summarized. Different actuation mechanisms and future developments are discussed. Graphene based materials, combining their many excellent properties, such as material abundance, super mechanical strength with excellent actuation performance, are expected to have great potential for the application in next generation actuators.
A hippocampal circuit linking dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 critical for social memory dynamics (2018)

Recent results suggest that social memory requires the dorsal hippocampal CA2 region as well as a subset of ventral CA1 neurons. However, it is unclear whether dorsal CA2 and ventral CA1 represent parallel or sequential circuits. Moreover, because evidence implicating CA2 in social memory comes largely from long-term inactivation experiments, the dynamic role of CA2 in social memory remains unclear. Here, we use pharmacogenetics and optogenetics in mice to acutely and reversibly silence dorsal CA2 and its projections to ventral hippocampus. We show that dorsal CA2 activity is critical for encoding, consolidation, and recall phases of social memory. Moreover, dorsal CA2 contributes to social memory by providing strong excitatory input to the same subregion of ventral CA1 that contains the subset of neurons implicated in social memory. Thus, our studies provide new insights into a dorsal CA2 to ventral CA1 circuit whose dynamic activity is necessary for social memory.
Frequency-Domain Photon Migration in Turbid Media (2022)

An analytical model is presented for the propagation of diffuse photon density waves in turbid media. The frequency- and wavelength- dependence of photon density waves are measured using Frequency-domain Photon Migration (FDPM). Media optical properties, including absorption, transport, and fluorescence relaxation times are calculated from experimental results.
Longitudinal Monitoring of DNA Viral Loads in Transplant Patients Using Quantitative Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (2022)

The Galileo Viral Panel for quantitative mNGS performed comparably to qPCR concerning detection and viral load determination, within clinically relevant ranges of patient management algorithms.
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with synthetic ferrimagnetic pinned layer (2010)

We have fabricated perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) consisting of CoPt/Ru/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/Pt. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of the p-MTJs characterizes the magnetic configurations of the CoPt/Ru/CoFeB pinned layer. The magnetic moment of the CoFeB, which is naturally in-plane, can be aligned to the out-of-plane direction by an indirect exchange coupling with the hcp CoPt alloy having large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. When the applied field is relatively smaller than the exchange coupling strength, the p-MTJs show a configurationally negative TMR as a consequence of an antiparallel alignment of the CoPt and CoFeB magnetic moments.
Clostridium difficile toxin A induces the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from rat peritoneal macrophages: role of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotrienes (1997)

Clostridium difficile produces a potent enterotoxin and cytotoxin, toxins A and B, respectively, which appear to be responsible for pseudomenbranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In the present study we explored the neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A in the peritoneal cavities and subcutaneous air pouches of rats and examined the role of macrophages and their inflammatory mediators in this process. Toxin A causes a significant dose-dependent neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavity, with a maximal response at 0.1 microg/ml and at 4 h. The depletion of macrophages by peritoneal washing prevents the toxin A-induced neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity. In contrast, an increase in macrophages induced by peritoneal injection of thioglycolate amplifies this toxin effect on neutrophil migration. Furthermore, the injection of supernatants from toxin A-stimulated macrophages into the rat peritoneal cavity causes significant neutrophil migration. Pretreatment of rats with BWA4C, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, mepacrine, or dexamethasone inhibits the neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A in the peritoneal cavities. However, pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or the platelet-activating factor antagonist BN52021 fails to alter toxin A-induced neutrophil migration. Toxin A was also injected into air pouches of normal rats or rats pretreated with anti-interleukin-1beta (anti-IL-1beta) or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) antibodies. Anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-1beta antibodies significantly reduce the neutrophil migration induced by toxin A. These data suggest that neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A is in part dependent on macrophage-derived cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and leukotrienes. These mediators may help to explain the intense inflammatory colitis caused by C. dificile toxin A in an experimental animal model of this disease.
Size and volume distributions of thermally induced stress voids in AlCu metallization (1996)

AlCu integrated circuit interconnect lines are stressed at 200 °C for a variable duration of time. The number of stress voids and the total void volume are measured. The number of voids saturates between 0.1 and 1 day of stress, and reaches a constant value. The total void volume continues to rise and saturates between 30 and 100 days of stress at 200 °C. Measurements also show that the void volume and the penetration length of the voids into the lines have a log-normal distribution.
Research of Genetic Diversity in Seven Kobresia by AFLP in Tibetan Plateau (2009)

这个工作在分子的水平分析了 Kobresia 就职的基因差异，并且进一步为繁殖和细菌原生质评估获得了必要信息。Kobresia 的 Genomic DNA 与 AFLP (放大碎片长度多型性) 与四 E+3 和 M+3 教材联合被放大。AFLP 分析生产了 164 个 scorable 乐队，(93.96%) 154 是多态的。吝啬的 Nei 的基因差异索引(H) 是 0.2430，并且香农的信息索引(I) 是 0.4012，显示 Kobresia 的丰富的基因差异。从西藏的高原的 11 Kobresia 就职，中国，能基于 UPGMA (未加权的对组方法算术一般水准) 在簇分析以后被分类进五个组方法。一般来说，在 Kobresia 就职资源之中有丰富的基因差异，并且基因系数对他们的地理纬度无关。自然产地影响了 Kobresia 的基因区别。
The production of a human monoclonal antibody defining a split of HLA‐DRw13 (DRw13b) (1990)

By use of the heterohybridoma technique we have produced a human monoclonal antibody (NDS40) which detects a split of HLA-DRw13 (DRw13b) which is in linkage with HLA-DQw1. In addition, the antibody reacts with cells positive for HLA-DRw8 and DRw11, but does not react with the commonly found split of DRw13 (DRw13a) which is associated with DQw1. NDS40 is cytotoxic and is of the lambda IgM class.
OFDM Timing and Frequency Offset Estimation Based on Repeated Training Sequence (2007)

In this paper, the introduction of several OFDM synchronization algorithm is proposed first, then a new symbol timing and frequency synchronization algorithm using repeated training sequence is presented. This algorithm can improve the performance of the estimation through the multi-path fading channel. At the end, the simulation of this algorithm is given according to multi-path channel, and the performance is proposed.
Study on the catalytic performances of molded Ni-CeO_2 catalyst for methane partial oxidation (2008)

The molded Ni-CeO2 catalyst with a Ni/CeO2 mass ratio of 9 was prepared by the wetness impregnation method, and its performances for methane partial oxidation to synthesis gas were evaluated. The effects of the molar ratio of CH4 to O2 in feed gas, the reaction temperature and the space velocity on the catalytic performances were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by SEM and XRD. Under the optimum reaction conditions: feed gas CH4/O2 molar ratio of 1.9, temperature of 930℃ and GHSV of 1.2×105 h-1, the catalyst showed excellent activity with CH4 conversion of 97%, H2 selectivity of 92% and CO selectivity of 98%. The Ni-CeO2 catalyst performed well with good activity and stability during 26 hours stability experiment.
Adhesion Forces between Glass and Silicon Surfaces in Air Studied by AFM:  Effects of Relative Humidity, Particle Size, Roughness, and Surface Treatment (2002)

Using the atomic force microscope (AFM), the pull-off forces between flat glass or silicon surfaces and silicon AFM tips or glass microspheres of different sizes have been extensively studied as a function of relative humidity (RH) in the range 5−90%, as model systems for the behavior of cohesive powders. The glass and silicon substrates were treated to render them either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. All the hydrophilic surfaces gave simple force curves and pull-off forces increasing uniformly with RH. Small contacts (R ∼ 20 nm) gave pull-off forces close to values predicted by simple Laplace−Kelvin theory (∼20 nN), but the values with microspheres (R ∼ 20 μm) fell well below predictions for sphere−flat or sphere−sphere geometry, due to roughness and asperity contacts. The hydrophobic silicon surfaces also exhibited simple behavior, with no significant RH dependence. The pull-off force again fell well below predicted values (Johnson−Kendall−Roberts contact mechanics theory) for the larger contacts. Hydrophobic glass gave similar adhesion to silicon over most of the RH range, but against both silicon tips and glass microspheres, there was an anomalously large adhesion in the RH range 20−40%, accompanied by a long-range noncontact force. The adhesion on fully hydrophilic surfaces and its RH dependence can be mostly explained by current theories of capillary bridges, but the interpretation is complicated by the sensitivity of theoretical predictions to contact geometry (and hence to roughness effects) and by uncertainties in the thickness of adsorbed water layers. The anomalous behavior on hydrophobic glass surfaces at intermediate values of RH is not fully understood, but possible causes are (1) dipole layers in the partially formed water film, giving rise to patch charges and long-range forces, or (2) fixed charges at a reactive glass surface, involving specific bonding reactions. The results may be useful in explaining the behavior of cohesive powders with different coatings or those which show a large humidity dependence (e.g., zeolites) or show electrostatic charging effects (e.g., silica aerogels).
Hematopoietic progenitor cell large volume leukapheresis (LVL) on the Fenwal Amicus blood separator (2004)

A technique for large volume leukapheresis (LVL) for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection using the Fenwal Amicus is presented. It was compared to standard collections (STD) with regard to CD34+ cell yields and cross-cellular content. Optimal cycle volumes and machine settings were evaluated for LVL procedures. A total of 68 patients underwent 80 HPC collection procedures. Because of differences in CD34+ cell yields associated with peripheral white blood cell counts (WBC), the comparison was divided into groups of 20 with WBC < or =35 x 10(9)/L (< or =35 K) and those >35 x 10(9)/L (>35 K). Baseline CD34+ cell counts (peripheral count when patient started HPC collection) were used (median 18-23 cells/microl). Significantly more whole blood (corrected for anticoagulant) was processed with LVL (LVL 20 l vs. STD 13.5 l). For < or =35 K, median CD34+ x 10(6), WBC x 10(9), RBC ml, Plt x 10(11) yields/collection were 183, 21.2, 14, 0.8, respectively, for STD vs. 307, 22.1, 11, 1.0, respectively, for LVL. For >35 K, median CD34+ x 10(6), WBC x 10(9), RBC ml, Plt x 10(11) yields/collection were 189, 32.7, 15, 1.4, respectively, for STD vs. 69, 40.8, 21, 1.3, respectively, for LVL. We have described a method of LVL using the Amicus that, in patients with pre-procedure WBC < or =35 x 10(9)/L, collects more CD34+ cells than a standard procedure with acceptable cross-cellular content. This method is not recommended when pre-procedure WBC counts are >35 x 10(9)/L.
Discovery of M Protease Inhibitors Encoded by SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a health threat worldwide. Viral main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>, also called 3C-like protease [3CL<sup>pro</sup>]) is a therapeutic target for drug discovery. Herein, we report that GC376, a broad-spectrum inhibitor targeting M<sup>pro</sup> in the picornavirus-like supercluster, is a potent inhibitor for the M<sup>pro</sup> encoded by SARS-CoV-2, with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 26.4 ± 1.1 nM. In this study, we also show that GC376 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication with a half-maximum effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.91 ± 0.03 μM. Only a small portion of SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> was covalently modified in the excess of GC376 as evaluated by mass spectrometry analysis, indicating that improved inhibitors are needed. Subsequently, molecular docking analysis revealed that the recognition and binding groups of GC376 within the active site of SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> provide important new information for the optimization of GC376. Given that sufficient safety and efficacy data are available for GC376 as an investigational veterinary drug, expedited development of GC376, or its optimized analogues, for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human is recommended.
Cross-lingual Knowledge Graph Alignment via Graph Convolutional Networks (2018)

Multilingual knowledge graphs (KGs) such as DBpedia and YAGO contain structured knowledge of entities in several distinct languages, and they are useful resources for cross-lingual AI and NLP applications. Cross-lingual KG alignment is the task of matching entities with their counterparts in different languages, which is an important way to enrich the crosslingual links in multilingual KGs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for crosslingual KG alignment via graph convolutional networks (GCNs). Given a set of pre-aligned entities, our approach trains GCNs to embed entities of each language into a unified vector space. Entity alignments are discovered based on the distances between entities in the embedding space. Embeddings can be learned from both the structural and attribute information of entities, and the results of structure embedding and attribute embedding are combined to get accurate alignments. In the experiments on aligning real multilingual KGs, our approach gets the best performance compared with other embedding-based KG alignment approaches.