gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agile Paging for Efficient Memory Virtualization (2017)

Virtualization provides benefits for many workloads, but the overheads of virtualizing memory are still high. The cost comes from managing two levels of address translation--one in the guest virtual machine (VM) and the other in the host virtual machine monitor (VMM)--with either nested or shadow paging. This article introduces agile paging, which combines the best of both nested and shadow paging within a page walk and exceeds the performance of both techniques.
Effect of intramammary infusion of chitosan hydrogels at drying-off on bovine mammary gland involution (2017)

The transition from lactation to the dry period in dairy cows is a period of high risk for acquiring new intramammary infections. This risk is reduced when the involution of the mammary gland is completed. Accordingly, approaches that speed up the involution process after drying-off could reduce the incidence of mastitis. The current study aimed to develop a biological response modifier that could be injected into cow teats to promote immune cell migration and speed up involution. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, is able to trigger host innate immunity. We developed 2 formulations made from either high- or low-viscosity chitosan. Both are liquid at room temperature but form a hydrogel at body temperature. In the first experiment, each udder quarter of 7 Holstein cows in late lactation was randomly assigned at drying-off to receive one of the following intramammary infusions: 2.5 or 5 mL of 5% (wt/vol) low-viscosity chitosan hydrogel, 5 mL of 5% high-viscosity chitosan hydrogel, or 5 mL of water. Milk (mammary secretion) samples were collected from each quarter on d -4, -1 (drying-off), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Milk somatic cell counts and the concentrations of involution markers such as BSA, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactoferrin were measured in each sample. In comparison with the control, the chitosan hydrogel infusions significantly hastened the increases in somatic cell counts, BSA and lactoferrin concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in mammary secretions. No major differences between sources or volumes of chitosan were observed for the measured parameters. The compatibility of this approach with an internal teat sealant was verified in the second experiment. Each udder quarter of 8 Holstein cows was randomly assigned at drying-off to receive one of the following intramammary infusions: 5 mL of 2% low-viscosity chitosan hydrogel, 4 g of an internal teat sealant, a combination of sealant and chitosan, or 5 mL of water. Milk (mammary secretion) samples were collected from each quarter on d -4, -1 (drying-off), 5, and 10 to measure involution markers. These results suggest that chitosan hydrogel infusion hastened mammary gland involution and activate immune response, which may reduce the risk of acquiring new intramammary infections during the drying-off period. Those results were not affected by the presence of the teat sealant, showing that both approaches are fully compatible and could be used in combination.
Streptogramin Antibiotics: Mode of Action and Resistance (2002)

The streptogramin antibiotics were discovered over 40 years ago but are only now emerging as important therapeutic agents for the treatment of infection caused by a variety of bacteria. The streptogramins consist of mixtures of two structurally distinct compounds, type A and type B, which are separately bacteriostatic, but bactericidal in appropriate ratios. These antibiotics act at the level of inhibition of translation through binding to the bacterial ribosome. Resistance to streptogramins occurs through a number of mechanisms including target modification, efflux, and enzyme catalyzed antibiotic modification. This review describes the current understanding of streptogramin function and resistance with emphasis on molecular mechanism and epidemiology.
Vasodilative Activity in Black Fly Salivary Glands (1994)

Salivary gland extracts of several Simulium spp. were shown to contain vasodilative activity as measured by the rapid and persistent induction of erythema in response to intradermal injection into rabbit skin. Total salivary gland activities were approximately equal for S. vittatum, S. metallicum, S. bivittatum, and S. argus (titers of 0.03-0.02 pairs of gland). Total gland activity in the highly anthropophilic species S. ochraceum, however, was an order of magnitude greater, with erythema produced by as little as 0.002 pairs of glands. Tests for physical stability of the activities from two species (S. vittatum and S. ochraceum) indicated that the vasodilators were proteinaceous and heat stable. A two-step, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed that isolated both activities with similar elution patterns. Homogeneity of the purified protein from S. vittatum was confirmed by capillary gel electrophoresis. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy of the S. vittatum protein detected a mass of 15,351 daltons. Similarity in elution times of the proteins from a TSK HPLC column predict some structural similarities between the S. vittatum and S. ochraceum vasodilator proteins.
Prospects of SPIN Gyroscopes Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2019)

Removed.
Development of a Sintered Titanium Base Hard Alloy. (1993)

Ti-Mo-(33`80)mass%TiC alloys were prepared through P/M technology and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. These alloys were revealed to
On fast and accurate detection of unauthorized wireless access points using clock skews (2008)

We explore the use of clock skew of a wireless local area network access point (AP) as its fingerprint to detect unauthorized APs quickly and accurately. The main goal behind using clock skews is to overcome one of the major limitations of existing solutions - the inability to effectively detect Medium Access Control (MAC) address spoofing. We calculate the clock skew of an AP from the IEEE 802.11 Time Synchronization Function (TSF) timestamps sent out in the beacon/probe response frames. We use two different methods for this purpose - one based on linear programming and the other based on least square fit. We supplement these methods with a heuristic for differentiating original packets from those sent by the fake APs. We collect TSF timestamp data from several APs in two different residential settings. Using our measurement data as well as data obtained from a large conference setting, we find that clock skews remain consistent over time for the same AP but vary significantly across APs. Furthermore, we improve the resolution of received timestamp of the frames and show that with this enhancement our methodology can find clock skews very quickly, using 50-100 packets in most of the cases. We also discuss and quantify the impact of various external factors including temperature variation, virtualization, and NTP synchronization on clock skews. Our results indicate that the use of clock skews appears to be an efficient and robust method for detecting fake APs in wireless local area networks.
Differentiated security in wireless mesh networks (2009)

Abstract The upcoming IEEE 802.11s standard enables easy establishment and maintenance of wireless mesh networks in residential and enterprise scenarios. They, however, need special attention with respect to security. Due to multi‐hop communication and routing on layer 2 in mesh networks, attacks on the routing, selective forwarding, and eavesdropping on confidential data become relatively easy. To avoid such attacks, we introduce differentiated security which is based on protection levels associated with nodes in the network. Participation in the MAC layer routing is facilitated according to the respective protection level of a node. Using additional cryptographic protection our approach can also avoid unintentional disclosure of confidential data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmatory measurements of UF/sub 6/ using the neutron self-interrogation method (1985)

A passive neutron counting method has been developed for measurement of the /sup 235/U mass in Model 5A cylinders of UF/sub 6/. The unique neutronic properties of UF/sub 6/ containing highly enriched uranium (HEU) permit /sup 235/U assay using only passive neutron counting. The sample effectively assays itself by self-interrogation. Shipped from enrichment plants and received at fuel fabrication and conversion facilities, 5A UF/sub 6/ cylinders hold up to approx.17 kg of /sup 235/U each. Field measurements at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (GDP) showed an average assay accuracy of 6.8% (1sigma) for 44 cylinders with enrichments from 6 to 98% and with a range of fill heights. Further measurements on 38 cylinders containing 97%-enriched material yielded an accuracy of 2.8% (1sigma). Typical counting times for these measurements were less than 5 min. An in-plant instrument for receipts confirmation measurements of 5A UF/sub 6/ cylinders has been developed for the Savannah River Plant. The Receipts Assay Monitor (RAM) is currently being tested and calibrated. It is designed to confirm declared fissile mass in all incoming 5A cylinders containing HEU in the form of UF/sub 6/. One of the computer-controlled features is a removable cadmium liner for the sample cavity. The liner allows a sample fill-height correction, which significantly improves assay accuracy.
P‐57: A Reflective Liquid Crystal Display with Fringe‐Field Switching Mode (2000)

Abstract Application of in‐plane switching of liquid crystal director to reflective LCD was not effective previously due to low aperture ratio. However, recently developed fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode developed by us made it possible, owing to an advantage of high transmittance. The device shows wide viewing angle intrinsically.
A fully homomorphic encryption scheme (2009)

We propose the first fully homomorphic encryption scheme, solving an old open problem. Such a scheme allows one to compute arbitrary functions over encrypted data without the decryption key—i.e., given encryptions E(m1), ..., E( mt) of m1, ..., m t, one can efficiently compute a compact ciphertext that encrypts f(m1, ..., m t) for any efficiently computable function f. 
Fully homomorphic encryption has numerous applications. For example, it enables encrypted search engine queries—i.e., a search engine can give you a succinct encrypted answer to your (boolean) query without even knowing what your query was. It also enables searching on encrypted data; you can store your encrypted data on a remote server, and later have the server retrieve only files that (when decrypted) satisfy some boolean constraint, even though the server cannot decrypt the files on its own. More broadly, it improves the efficiency of secure multiparty computation. 
In our solution, we begin by designing a somewhat homomorphic boostrappable encryption scheme that works when the function f is the scheme's own decryption function. We then show how, through recursive self-embedding, bootstrappable encryption gives fully homomorphic encryption.
<i>INK4d</i>-Deficient Mice Are Fertile Despite Testicular Atrophy (2000)

The INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors includes four 15- to 19-kDa polypeptides (p16(INK4a), p15(INK4b), p18(INK4c), and p19(INK4d)) that bind to CDK4 and CDK6. By disrupting cyclin D-dependent holoenzymes, INK4 proteins prevent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and block entry into the DNA-synthetic phase of the cell division cycle. The founding family member, p16(INK4a), is a potent tumor suppressor in humans, whereas involvement, if any, of other INK4 proteins in tumor surveillance is less well documented. INK4c and INK4d are expressed during mouse embryogenesis in stereotypic tissue-specific patterns and are also detected, together with INK4b, in tissues of young mice. INK4a is expressed neither before birth nor at readily appreciable levels in young animals, but its increased expression later in life suggests that it plays some checkpoint function in response to cell stress, genotoxic damage, or aging per se. We used targeted gene disruption to generate mice lacking INK4d. These animals developed into adulthood, had a normal life span, and did not spontaneously develop tumors. Tumors did not arise at increased frequency in animals neonatally exposed to ionizing radiation or the carcinogen dimethylbenzanthrene. Mouse embryo fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and lymphoid T and B cells isolated from these animals proliferated normally and displayed typical lineage-specific differentiation markers. Males exhibited marked testicular atrophy associated with increased apoptosis of germ cells, although they remained fertile. The absence of tumors in INK4d-deficient animals demonstrates that, unlike INK4a, INK4d is not a tumor suppressor but is instead involved in spermatogenesis.
Advances in diagnostics for transplant rejection (2016)

Identification of allograft injury, including acute clinical and subclinical injury, is vital in increasing the longevity of the transplanted organ. Acute rejection, which occurs as a result of a variety of immune and non-immune factors including the infiltration of immune cells and antibodies to the donor specific epitopes, poses a significant risk to the organ. Recent years have marked an increase in the discovery of new genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic biomarkers in molecular diagnostics, which offer better potential for personalized management of the transplanted organ by providing earlier detection of rejection episodes. Areas covered: This review was compiled from key word searches of full-text publications relevant to the field. Expert commentary: Many of the recent advancements in the molecular diagnostics of allograft injury show much promise, but before they can be fully realized further validation in larger sample sets must be conducted. Additionally, for better informed therapeutic decisions, more work must be completed to differentiate between different causes of injury. Moreover, the diagnostics field is looking at methodologies that allow for multiplexing, the ability to identify multiple targets simultaneously, in order to provide more robust biomarkers and better understanding.
Abstract 4859: JNJ-64619178, a selective and pseudo-irreversible PRMT5 inhibitor with potent <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity, demonstrated in several lung cancer models (2018)

Abstract PRMT5 is a type II methyltransferase that symmetrically di-methylates arginine residues on proteins involved in signal transduction and cellular transcription. For example, PRMT5 acts as the enzymatic machinery of the methylosome complex, crucial for spliceosome assembly and activity. Although not frequently mutated or amplified in tumors, an elevated PRMT5 protein level that leads to higher methylosome activity and promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition, has recently been correlated with a poor survival of cancer patients. The PRMT5 inhibitor JNJ-64619178 has been selected as a clinical candidate based on its high selectivity and potency, paired with favorable oral pharmacokinetics and safety properties. JNJ-64619178 binds simultaneously to the SAM- and protein substrate- binding pockets of the PRMT5/MEP50 complex with a pseudo-irreversible mode-of-action. Chemical proteomics, methylomics and RNA-sequencing analyses of PRMT5 inhibitor treated cell line samples support the current biological understanding of PRMT5 as a regulator of alternative splicing events. JNJ-64619178 showed potent and broad inhibition of cellular growth, observed in several cell line panels that represent diverse cancer histologies. Ongoing investigations will explore the potential synthetic lethal correlation between PRMT5 inhibition and cancer driver pathways, including those addicted to altered splicing. Oral administration of JNJ-64619178 resulted in efficient inhibition of di-methylation of SMD1/3 proteins, components of the splicing machinery and direct substrates of the methylosome, in several human NSCLC and SCLC cancer mouse xenograft models. JNJ-64619178 demonstrated dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition and regression in several human NSCLC and SCLC cancer mouse xenograft models with sustained blockage of tumor re-growth after dosing cessation. In summary, JNJ-64619178 has a favorable pre-clinical profile supporting clinical testing in patients with lung cancer and other malignancies. Citation Format: Tongfei Wu, Hillary Millar, Dana Gaffney, Lijs Beke, Geert Mannens, Petra Vinken, Ivan Sommers, Jan-Willem Thuring, Weimei Sun, Christopher Moy, Vineet Pande, Junguo Zhou, Nahor Haddish-Berhane, Mark Salvati, Sylvie Laquerre, Matthew V. Lorenzi, Dirk Brehmer. JNJ-64619178, a selective and pseudo-irreversible PRMT5 inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo activity, demonstrated in several lung cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4859.
HFTS (2016)

We present a hybrid irregular z-buffer shadow algorithm building on work by Story [2015] and Wyman et al. [2015] that allows soft shadows and is fast enough for use in shipping games, like The Division. Key novelties include an improved light-space partitioning scheme that speeds best- and average-case running times compared to using multiple cascades. We also extract a per-pixel distance to the nearest occluder to enable transitioning between irregular z-buffers and filtered shadow maps.
Network Slicing to Enable Scalability and Flexibility in 5G Mobile Networks (2017)

We argue for network slicing as an efficient solution that addresses the diverse requirements of 5G mobile networks, thus providing the necessary flexibility and scalability associated with future network implementations. We elaborate on the challenges that emerge when designing 5G networks based on network slicing. We focus on the architectural aspects associated with the coexistence of dedicated as well as shared slices in the network. In particular, we analyze the realization options of a flexible radio access network with focus on network slicing and their impact on the design of 5G mobile networks. In addition to the technical study, this article provides an investigation of the revenue potential of network slicing, where the applications that originate from this concept and the profit capabilities from the network operator's perspective are put forward.
Fabrication of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) using wafer bonding technology for low frequency (10 kHz-150 kHz) sonar applications (2005)

This paper introduces a new method for fabricating Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT) that uses a wafer-bonding technique. The transducer membrane and cavity are defined separately on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafer and on a prime quality silicon wafer, respectively. Using silicon direct bonding in a vacuum environment, the two wafers are bonded forming the transducer. Among the many advantages this wafer-bonding technique, and probably the most important for low frequency transducer applications, is the ability to define relatively large membranes and large gaps easily. The particular device reported in this paper is designed to operate in the 10 kHz - 150 kHz range as a transmitter only for a sonar application. In this paper, we describe the new fabrication process to build CMUTs, and present the first experimental results obtained from this particular device that demonstrate wide-band operation in the above mentioned frequency range.
Method of Measuring Calorie Consumption for Portable Apparatus (2005)

A measuring device for use in measuring calorie consumption includes a pulse input unit which detects a first heart rate of the user at a first point in an exercise period and a second heart rate of the user at a second point of the exercise period other than the first point, the pulse input unit not detecting a third heart rate between the first and second heart rates; and a controller which receives the detected first and second heart rates and calculates calories consumed using the detected first heart rate, the detected second heart rate, an at rest heart rate of the user, and one or more of an age, gender, weight, height and an at rest heart rate of the user. The measuring device is usable in a portable device, such as a portable digital audio and/or video reproducing apparatus.
Indirubin derivatives induce apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells involving inhibition of Stat5 signaling (2012)

Indirubin is the major active anti-tumor component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While previous studies indicate that indirubin is a promising therapeutic agent for CML, the molecular mechanism of action of indirubin is not fully understood. We report here that indirubin derivatives (IRDs) potently inhibit Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (Stat5) protein in CML cells. Compound E804, which is the most potent in this series of IRDs, blocked Stat5 signaling in human K562 CML cells, imatinib-resistant human KCL-22 CML cells expressing the T315I mutant Bcr-Abl (KCL-22M), and CD34-positive primary CML cells from patients. Autophosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) was strongly inhibited in K562 and KCL-22M cells at 5 μM E804, and in primary CML cells at 10 μM E804, although higher concentrations partially inhibited autophosphorylation of Bcr-Abl. Previous studies indicate that SFKs cooperate with Bcr-Abl to activate downstream Stat5 signaling. Activation of Stat5 was strongly blocked by E804 in CML cells. E804 down-regulated expression of Stat5 target proteins Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1, associated with induction of apoptosis. In sum, our findings identify IRDs as potent inhibitors of the SFK/Stat5 signaling pathway downstream of Bcr-Abl, leading to apoptosis of K562, KCL-22M and primary CML cells. IRDs represent a promising structural class for development of new therapeutics for wild type or T315I mutant Bcr-Abl-positive CML patients.
Isolation of the opioid heptapeptide Met-enkephalin [Arg6,Phe7] from bovine adrenal medullary granules and striatum. (1979)

Bovine adrenal chromaffin granules have been shown to contain, in addition to Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, at least three small peptides with opiate receptor activity. One of these adrenal peptides has been purified to homogeneity and its sequence was shown to be Met-enkephalin-[Arg6,Phe&]. This heptapeptide was also found in beef striatal extracts in amounts comparable to those of Leu-enkephalin.
A vaccine strategy utilizing a combination of three different chimeric vectors which share specific vaccine antigens (2000)

A large number of recombinant of viral and bacterial systems have been engineered as vectors to express foreign genes for vaccination and/or gene therapy. A common problem is the immune response to the vector itself. The presence of anti-vector immune responses may preclude sufficient 'priming' or immunogenicity if pre-existing immune responses are present, or they may impair optimal 'boosting' upon repeated immunization or delivery with the same vector. To circumvent this problem we developed a strategy using different chimeric vectors which share only the expression of common specific antigens desired for immunization. This approach not only has the advantage of avoiding increased anti-vector responses, but allows the use of combinations of vectors which could subsequently present the same or related antigen differently to the immune system as well as at alternative sites to induce the optimal type of immunity against the pathogen of interest.