gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Access Control Framework Using Multi-Factor Authentication in Cloud Computing (2018)

The most challenging issues in cloud computing are access control and data security because users of the cloud outsource sensitive data and information to cloud provider servers, which are not within the same trusted domain as the data owner. Within cloud computing, various services and resources need protection from unauthorized use as a part of the security. Authentication is a key technology for information security. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out throughout the world and several schemes have been proposed to improve authentication in the cloud. Remote authentication is the commonly used method to determine the identity of the remote client. In this article, the authors have proposed a systematic method for authenticating clients, namely by using a password, biometrics, and out-of-band-based access control mechanisms that are suitable for access control. The proposed system involves user ID/password, biometrics characteristics, and a mobile phone as a software token for one-time password generation.
Building to last: the importance of designing life‐long communities (2008)

The article discusses how policy‐makers and local government need to listen to the voice of older people when designing the communities we live in. It highlights how simple, joined‐up thinking can make a big difference to older people's lives.
Secretion of extracellular matrix‐degrading proteinases is increased in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (1994)

The biochemical events associated with tumor invasion involve localized degradation of the basement membrane by tumor-associated proteinases. In this study, we have characterized the proteinase secretion profiles of 5 ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell lines (DOV 13, OVCA 420, OVCA 429, OVCA 432, OVCA 433) as well as normal ovarian epithelial cells. Immunocapture assays demonstrated that all 5 carcinoma cell lines produce both secreted and surface-associated plasminogen activator. Urinary-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) production was one order of magnitude greater than production of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Furthermore, t-PA secretion by normal ovarian epithelial cells was not detectable, whereas u-PA production was 17- to 38-fold lower than in ovarian carcinoma cells. Western-blotting analysis demonstrated that u-PA was secreted as the single chain form (scu-PA) when cells were cultured in serum-free medium. Incubation of plasminogen with ovarian carcinoma cell-conditioned medium resulted in direct activation of the zymogen to plasmin. Furthermore, following incubation of cells with plasminogen, plasmin was eluted from the cell surface, indicating that ovarian carcinoma cells contain binding sites for plasminogen/plasmin which are accessible to surface-associated plasminogen activators. In addition to plasminogen activators, metalloproteinases were also produced by DOV 13, OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 cells. DOV 13 cells produce a 68-kDa metalloproteinase similar to matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) whereas a 92-kDa enzyme similar to MMP-9 is secreted by OVCA 429 and 433. Together, ovarian carcinoma-associated plasminogen activators and metalloproteinases catalyze the hydrolysis of the major basement membrane protein components, type-IV collagen, type-IV gelatin, laminin and fibronectin. The enhanced proteolytic capability of ovarian carcinoma cells relative to normal ovarian epithelium suggests a biochemical mechanism by which invasion and spread of ovarian epithelial carcinoma may be mediated.
Comparison of Textilinin-1 with Aprotinin as Serine Protease Inhibitors and as Antifibrinolytic Agents (2005)

Textilinin-1 (Q8008) was isolated from the venom of the Pseudonaja textilis and has a 47% sequence identity to the antihaemorrhagic therapeutic agent aprotinin. When equimolar concentrations of enzyme and aprotinin were pre-incubated, plasmin was inhibited 100%, plasma kallikrein 58%, and tissue kallikrein 99%. Under the same conditions, textilinin-1 inhibited plasmin 98%, plasma kallikrein 16% and tissue kallikrein 17%. Whole blood clot lysis was inhibited strongly by both aprotinin and textilinin-1, as shown by thrombelastography. At 2 microM inhibitor lysis initiated by t-PA was greater than 99% inhibited by aprotinin (LY60 = 0.4 +/- 0.1) whereas textilinin-1, inhibited lysis by 91% (LY60 = 8.9 +/- 0.7). The same trend was found with the lysis of euglobulin fractions. From these data textilinin-1 appears to be a more specific plasmin inhibitor than aprotinin but aprotinin inhibits clot lysis to a greater extent.
The porA alleles are identical in subgroup III serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in China in the 1960s and 1980s (1996)

The porA genes from serogroup A, subgroup III strains isolated in the People's Republic of China in 1966 and in 1984 and 1985 were amplified by PCR at an annealing temperature of 75 degrees C. The DNA sequences (5 strains) and the restriction patterns generated by MspI (14 strains) were identical, unlike the results reported by Peixuan et al. (Z. Peixuan, H. Xujing, and X. Li, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:458-462, 1995). Furthermore, PCR products which were amplified at an annealing temperature of 60 degrees C, as described by Peixuan et al., were heterogeneous in our study.
Bifunctional 2-(alkoxycarbonothioylthio)acetic acids for the synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub>-poly(vinyl acetate) nanocomposites via RAFT polymerization (2014)

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization has been known as a convenient method for the synthesis of polymers of designed molecular structures. Of particular interest are bifunctional or multifunctional chain-transfer agents (CTAs) which could be employed in the development of advanced materials via RAFT polymerization. In the present study, four bifunctional 2-(alkoxycarbonothioylthio) RAFT CTAs with COOH functionalities containing methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and octyloxy groups, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Polymerizations of vinyl acetate using these CTAs exhibited increased molecular weight with consumption of monomer and relatively narrow dispersities, indicative of living polymerization behavior. The effect of the concentration of 2-(ethoxycarbonothioylthio) acetic acid on the polymerization was examined, revealing that higher concentration of CTA led to lower molecular weight and narrower dispersity. As an example of the application of the synthesized bifunctional CTAs, TiO2-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanocomposites were synthesized via a one-pot process and characterized by TGA, DSC, TEM, and affinity test, suggesting attachment of PVAc onto the nano-TiO2 particles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 606–618
NMR spectroscopy: a multifaceted approach to macromolecular structure (2000)

1. Introduction 29 2. Landmarks in NMR of macromolecules 32 2.1 Protein structures and methods development 32 2.1.1 Sequential assignment method 32 2.1.2 Triple-resonance experiments 34 2.1.3 Structures of large proteins 36 2.2 Protein–nucleic acid complexes 37 2.3 RNA structures 38 2.4 Membrane-bound systems 39 3. NMR spectroscopy today 40 3.1 State-of-the-art structure determination 41 3.2 New methods 44 3.2.1 Residual dipolar couplings 44 3.2.2 Direct detection of hydrogen bonds 44 3.2.3 Spin labeling 45 3.2.4 Segmental labeling 46 3.3 Protein complexes 47 3.4 Mobility studies 50 3.5 Determination of time-dependent structures 52 3.6 Drug discovery 53 4. The future of NMR 54 4.1 The ease of structure determination 54 4.2 The ease of making recombinant protein 55 4.3 Post-translationally modified proteins 55 4.4 Approaches to large and/or membrane-bound proteins 56 4.5 NMR in structural genomics 56 4.6 Synergy of NMR and crystallography in protein structure determination 56 5. Conclusion 57 6. Acknowledgements 57 7. References 57 Since the publication of the first complete solution structure of a protein in 1985 (Williamson et al . 1985), tremendous technological advances have brought nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the forefront of structural biology. Innovations in magnet design, electronics, pulse sequences, data analysis, and computational methods have combined to make NMR an extremely powerful technique for studying biological macromolecules at atomic resolution (Clore & Gronenborn, 1998). Most recently, new labeling and pulse techniques have been developed that push the fundamental line-width limit for resolution in NMR spectroscopy, making it possible to obtain high-field spectra with better resolution than ever before (Dötsch & Wagner, 1998). These methods are facilitating the study of systems of ever-increasing complexity and molecular weight.
A computational framework for driver's visual attention using a fully convolutional architecture (2017)

It is a challenging and important task to perceive and interact with other traffic participants in a complex driving environment. The human vision system plays one of the crucial roles to achieve this task. Particularly, visual attention mechanisms allow a human driver to cleverly attend to the salient and relevant regions of the scene to further make necessary decisions for the safe driving. Thus, it is significant to investigate human vision systems with great potential to improve assistive, and even autonomous, vehicular technologies. In this paper, we investigate driver's gaze behavior to understand visual attention. We, first, present a Bayesian framework to model visual attention of a human driver. Further, based on the framework, we develop a fully convolutional neural network to estimate the salient region in a novel driving scene. We systematically evaluate the proposed method using on-road driving data and compare it with other state-of-the-art saliency estimation approaches. Our analyses show promising results.
Tumor-suppressive and promoting function of transforming growth factor beta (2004)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is a multifunctional polypeptide. Its role in carcinogenesis can be either suppressive or promoting depending on tumor developmental stages and cellular context. During the early phase of epithelial tumorigenesis, TGFbeta inhibits primary tumor development and growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and possibly apoptosis. However, in late stages of progression, as tumor cells evade the growth inhibition by TGFbeta due to inactivation of its signaling pathway or aberrant regulation of cell cycle machinery, the role of TGFbeta signaling is often switched from tumor suppression to promotion. TGFbeta can apparently act in tumor stroma as well as tumor cells to inhibit host immune surveillance and stimulate invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Studies have shown that antagonizing TGFbeta activity can inhibit tumor progression, especially metastasis, in certain tumor models. However, the molecular markers that can indicate the feasibility of the use of TGFbeta antagonists as cancer therapeutics remain to be determined.
Consistency tests of classical and quantum models for a quantum annealer (2015)

Recently the question of whether the D-Wave processors exhibit large-scale quantum behavior or can be described by a classical model has attracted significant interest. In this work we address this question by studying a 503-qubit D-Wave Two device in the ``black box'' model i.e., by studying its input-output behavior. Our work generalizes an approach introduced in Boixo et al. [Nat. Commun. 4, 2067 (2013)] and uses groups of up to 20 qubits to realize a transverse Ising model evolution with a ground-state degeneracy whose distribution acts as a sensitive probe that distinguishes classical and quantum models for the D-Wave device. Our findings rule out all classical models proposed to date for the device and provide evidence that an open-system quantum dynamical description of the device that starts from a quantized energy level structure is well justified, even in the presence of relevant thermal excitations and a small value of the ratio of the single-qubit decoherence time to the annealing time.
Synthesis of amidrazones using an engineered papain nitrile hydratase<sup>1</sup> (1998)

To demonstrate the usefulness of an engineered papain nitrile hydratase as a biocatalyst, a peptide amidrazone was prepared by incubation of the nitrile MeOCO-Phe-Alanitrile with the Gln19Glu papain mutant in the presence of salicylic hydrazide as a nucleophile. The amidrazone results from nucleophilic attack by salicylic hydrazide at the imino carbon of the thioimidate adduct formed between the enzyme and the peptide nitrile substrate. Compared to wild-type enzyme, the engineered nitrile hydratase causes a better than 4000-fold increase in the rate of amidrazone formation and yields a product of much higher purity. The advantages over other nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes and current limitations of the papain nitrile hydratase are discussed.
Preclinical in vitro characterization of anti-CTLA4 therapeutic antibody CP-675,206. (2004)

3801 Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) are overexpressed in many cancer types compared to normal tissue. The presence of both uPA and uPAR in cancer tissue may potentially be exploited in cancer therapy for specific and targeted activation of prodrugs. We have constructed a modified form of anthrax protective antigen, PrAg-U2, in which a furin activation site is shifted with an uPA cleavage site. PrAg-U2 administered together with the fusion protein FP59, consisting of lethal factor residues 1–254 and the ADP ribosylation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, constitutes a potent and uPA-activity dependent cytotoxic drug (OTP-001). In vitro binding of pro-uPA to uPAR is necessary for the cytotoxicity of OTP-001 (Liu et al., J. Biol. Chem, 276:17976–84, 2001) and local administration of OTP-001 in mice with transplanted tumors had a potent antitumor effect (Liu et al., PNAS, 100:657–62, 2003). The aim of the present studies was i) To examine the antitumor effect of OTP-001 after systemic administration, ii) To find the optimal ratio between the two components PrAg-U2 and FP59, iii) To define the “therapeutic window” of OTP-001. Five separate in vivo experiments were performed with three different transplanted tumors, Lewis lung carcinoma, T241 fibrosarcoma and B16 melanoma. In all studies, C57BI/6J mice where transplanted with 10 6 tumor cells. When the tumors had reached a volume of approximately 50 mm 3 , a dose range of OTP-001 was administered systemically to the mice at day 0, 3, and 6. Different ratios of PrAg-U2 and FP59 were tested. Tumor sizes were obtained by daily recording of two orthogonal diameters during the growth phase. All experiments unequivocally demonstrated that OTP-001 has significant antitumor effect after systemic administration in mice with transplanted B16, T241 or Lewis lung tumors. These studies showed that OTP-001 displays a clear dose-response relationship with regard to anti-tumor effect and systemic toxicity. The dose-limiting toxicity appears to be due to mucosal reactions in the gut. The anti-tumor effect was most pronounced with a ratio of the two components PrAg-U2 and FP59 of 25:1. Intraperitoneal administration of 30 μg PrAg-U2 and 1.2 μg FP59 day 0, day 3 and day 6 was found to have minimal toxic effects and still had a significant antitumor effect.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 6- and 7-substituted coumarins. Correlation with Hammett constants (1979)

The 13C n.m.r. spectra of coumarin and 19 6- and 7-substituted derivatives thereof have been obtained and fully assigned. The chemical shifts of the αβ-unsaturated lactone system have been correlated with Hammett constants: C-3 was found to fit very well with σ+, and carbons 2 and 4 with σ. A satisfactory fit was found for the two ring-junction carbons with σp+, but not with σm or σm+. The electronic implications of these relationships are discussed.
In Situ Photoactivation of a Caged Phosphotyrosine Peptide Derived from Focal Adhesion Kinase Temporarily Halts Lamellar Extension of Single Migrating Tumor Cells (2005)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, mediates integrin-based cell signaling by transferring signals regulating cell migration, adhesion, and survival from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Following autophosphorylation at tyrosine 397, FAK binds the Src homology 2 domains of Src and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, among several other possible binding partners. To further investigate the role of phosphorylated FAK in cell migration in situ, peptides comprising residues 391-406 of human FAK with caged phosphotyrosine 397 were synthesized. Although the caged phosphopeptides were stable to phosphatase activity, the free phosphopeptides showed a half-life of approximately 10-15 min in cell lysates. Migrating NBT-II cells (a rat bladder tumor cell line) were microinjected with the caged FAK peptide and locally photoactivated using a focused laser beam. The photoactivation of caged FAK peptide in 8-microm diameter spots over the cell body led to the temporary arrest of the leading edge migration within approximately 1 min of irradiation. In contrast, cell body migration was not inhibited. Microinjection of a non-caged phosphorylated tyrosine 397 FAK peptide into migrating NBT-II cells also led to lamellar arrest; however, this approach lacks the temporal control afforded by the caged phosphopeptides. Photoactivation of related phosphotyrosine peptides with altered sequences did not result in transient lamellar arrest. We hypothesize that the phosphorylated FAK peptide competes with the endogenous FAK for binding to FAK effectors including, but not limited to, Src and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, causing spatiotemporal misregulation and subsequent lamellar arrest.
Feynman Machine: The Universal Dynamical Systems Computer (2016)

Efforts at understanding the computational processes in the brain have met with limited success, despite their importance and potential uses in building intelligent machines. We propose a simple new model which draws on recent findings in Neuroscience and the Applied Mathematics of interacting Dynamical Systems. The Feynman Machine is a Universal Computer for Dynamical Systems, analogous to the Turing Machine for symbolic computing, but with several important differences. We demonstrate that networks and hierarchies of simple interacting Dynamical Systems, each adaptively learning to forecast its evolution, are capable of automatically building sensorimotor models of the external and internal world. We identify such networks in mammalian neocortex, and show how existing theories of cortical computation combine with our model to explain the power and flexibility of mammalian intelligence. These findings lead directly to new architectures for machine intelligence. A suite of software implementations has been built based on these principles, and applied to a number of spatiotemporal learning tasks.
Prolonged viability of human organotypic skin explant in culture method (hOSEC) (2015)

The hOSEC model seems a good alternative to animal testing; it can be used as a preclinical test analogous to clinical human skin test with similar effectiveness and viability proven by immunohistological analyses.
Transmission and Mechanical Properties of Optical Adhesives (1989)

Abstract The optical, mechanical and durability performance of selected epoxy, polyester, UV-curable acrylic, cyanoacrylate and silicone adhesives were evaluated and measured for bonding applications of optically transparent glasses in the visible and infra-red regions of the electromagnetic spectra. From the initially selected adhesives only the UV-curable modified acrylic, two-component silicone and room temperature cured epoxy, were found to be of high performance characteristics, having good transmission properties and enhanced endurance in a combination of heat and humidity and following thermal cycling. Sodium chloride substrates served as adherends for the transmission characterization of the optical adhesives, due to their high transmission properties in the 0.4–10 m μ spectral range. A modified lap shear specimen was designed for studying the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of the adhesives and their durability in a humid and not environment. Finally, a two-piece glass doublet was used for investigating the optomechanical characteristics of the optical adhesive following environmental conditioning and thermal shock cycling. Due to the inherent C–C bond, polymer adhesives are limited in utility, as far as transparency is concerned, close to 3.5 μm and in most of the 8–12 μm spectral range. Key Words: Optical adhesivesoptical propertiesmechanical propertiesdurabilitytransmittance
An Efficient Isothermal PCR method for on-site Detection of Nucleic Acid (2019)

Convective PCR (CPCR) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology; however, natural convection exhibits a chaotic and multiplex flow state, resulting in low amplification efficiency and specificity. We placed a polycarbonate strip (p-strip) inside reaction tubes to induce circumfluence by blocking the inner ring that originally allowed fluid to flow at suboptimal temperatures. Moreover, we constructed a dual-temperature instrument to provide appropriate denaturing and annealing zones for CPCR. Tubes containing p-strips exhibited significantly improved efficiency, sensitivity and specificity. For real-time detection, the variation coefficients of three replicates having the same concentrations were less than 2% in more than half of the cases, indicating improved CPCR amplification and potential as a commercial on-site nucleic acid diagnosis tool.
Bifacial Growth InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs Concentrator Solar Cells (2012)

A three-junction concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cell with 1.9-eV InGaP top and 1.42-eV GaAs middle cells on one side of an infrared-transparent N-GaAs wafer and a 0.94-eV InGaAs bottom cell on the opposite wafer side (backside) is described. This architecture isolates the upper lattice-matched subcells from threading dislocations generated during the growth of the lattice-mismatched bottom subcell. The cell uses a unique epitaxial bifacial growth technique with only a simple water rinse and spin dry between growths on opposite wafer sides. The best independently verified efficiency for a 1-cm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> cell is 42.3% at 406-suns AM1.5D at 25 °C (V <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm oc}$ </tex></formula> 3.452 V, 87.1% FF, and 1-sun J <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm sc}$</tex></formula> of 14.07 mA/cm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $^2$</tex></formula> ). We give data on single-junction subcells and tunnel junctions in the tandem, quantum efficiency, and temperature coefficient data, discuss use of a thin pseudomorphic layer at the back of the GaAs middle subcell to extend the wavelength response, and discuss the benefit of graded doping layers in increasing subcell 1-sun J <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm sc}$</tex></formula> at the top and bottom subcells.