gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture and control of PV modules with submodule integrated converters (2012)

This paper describes a PV module architecture with submodule integrated converters (subMICs) that improve efficiency of energy capture in the presence of partial shading or other mismatch conditions. Replacing standard bypass diodes, the subMICs are bidirectional dc-dc converters capable of injecting or subtracting currents to balance the module substring voltages. When no mismatches are present, the subMICs are simply shut down, presenting no insertion losses. A simple distributed control approach is described that allows autonomous subMIC control without the need for a central controller or any communication among the subMICs. It is shown that this control approach is close to optimal. Besides, this distributed control approach allows to isolate the secondary port of subMICs from the module output. The isolated-port architecture has additional advantages in its implementation and integration within arrays of PV modules. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating effectiveness of the proposed architectures and the control approach are shown for a typical PV module with 3 substrings.
Gene for the rat atrial natriuretic peptide is regulated by glucocorticoids in vitro. (1988)

Glucocorticoids regulate the expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in neonatal cardiocytes. Dexamethasone (Dex) increased cytoplasmic ANP mRNA levels and media ANP immunoreactivity in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects were not shared by the other classes of steroid hormones and were reversed by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486. The effect on ANP mRNA levels resulted, at least in part, from enhanced transcription of the gene. Dex effected a two-fold increase in ANP gene activity assessed using a run-on transcription assay. The turnover of the ANP transcript was approximated using a standard pulse-chase technique. The half-life of the ANP mRNA was 18 h in hormone-free media. In the presence of Dex this half-life increased modestly to 30 h, although the increase relative to the control did not reach statistical significance. The effect of Dex at the level of the individual myocardial cell was assessed by in situ hybridization analysis using a specific [3H]cRNA probe. These studies demonstrated a significant level of ANP expression within a subpopulation of cells in the cultures. Exposure of the cells to Dex for 24 h did not recruit additional cells into the expressing pool (27.3% cells/high power field vs. 31.3% for the control) but did increase the level of expression (i.e., grain density) within individual cells. These findings indicate that glucocorticoids stimulate expression of the ANP gene directly at the level of the myocardial cell. This results predominantly from transcriptional activation in cells already expressing the gene rather than through recruitment of previously quiescent cells.
Traffic Prediction Based Power Saving in Cellular Networks (2017)

In smart cities, green cellular networks play a crucial role to support wireless access for numerous devices anywhere and anytime with efficiency and sustainability. Because base stations (BSes) consume more than 70% of overall cellular network infrastructure energy, saving the power consumption of BSes is the key task to build a green cellular network. Except for low power design of the BS hardware and software, the traffic-driven BS sleeping operation is an economical way to improve existing cellular networks, which can reduce the BS power consumption at low traffic load. However, prior BS sleeping strategies establish on the static temporal characteristics of traffic load, which ignore the fact that network traffic is influenced by many factors such as time, human mobility, holiday, weather, etc. Hence, prior traffic estimation is coarse, and the BS sleeping strategies cannot apply to the changing network traffic. In this paper, we exploit a machine learning method to estimate the BS traffic and propose a BS sleeping strategy based on predicted traffic for power saving in the cellular network. We analyze network traffic in multi-views: temporal influence, spatial influence, and event influence. Then, we propose a multi-view ensemble learning model to predict network traffic load, which learns the traffic in multi-views and combine the results with ensemble. Furthermore, we formulate a BS sleeping strategy based on the predicted traffic load. Finally, we evaluate our traffic prediction algorithm on real cellular network data. The evaluation shows that our traffic prediction algorithm improves about 40% than state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Also, we evaluate the proposed BS sleeping strategy, which yields about 10% more energy savings and less device damage than the competitors in the simulated environment.
Practice Bulletin No. 160 (2015)

Preterm delivery occurs in approximately 12% of all births in the United States and is a major factor that contributes to perinatal morbidity and mortality . Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) complicates approximately 3% of all pregnancies in the United States . The optimal approach to clinical assessment and treatment of women with term and preterm PROM remains controversial. Management hinges on knowledge of gestational age and evaluation of the relative risks of delivery versus the risks of expectant management (eg, infection, abruptio placentae, and umbilical cord accident). The purpose of this document is to review the current understanding of this condition and to provide management guidelines that have been validated by appropriately conducted outcome-based research when available. Additional guidelines on the basis of consensus and expert opinion also are presented.
Comparing the Epidermal Growth Factor Interaction with Four Different Cell Lines: Intriguing Effects Imply Strong Dependency of Cellular Context (2011)

The interaction of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) with its receptor (EGFR) is known to be complex, and the common over-expression of EGF receptor family members in a multitude of tumors makes it important to decipher this interaction and the following signaling pathways. We have investigated the affinity and kinetics of (125)I-EGF binding to EGFR in four human tumor cell lines, each using four culturing conditions, in real time by use of LigandTracer®.Highly repeatable and precise measurements show that the overall apparent affinity of the (125)I-EGF - EGFR interaction is greatly dependent on cell line at normal culturing conditions, ranging from K(D) ≈ 200 pM on SKBR3 cells to K(D)≈8 nM on A431 cells. The (125)I-EGF - EGFR binding curves (irrespective of cell line) have strong signs of multiple simultaneous interactions. Furthermore, for the cell lines A431 and SKOV3, gefitinib treatment increases the (125)I-EGF - EGFR affinity, in particular when the cells are starved. The (125)I-EGF - EGFR interaction on cell line U343 is sensitive to starvation while as on SKBR3 it is insensitive to gefitinib and starvation.The intriguing pattern of the binding characteristics proves that the cellular context is important when deciphering how EGF interacts with EGFR. From a general perspective, care is advisable when generalizing ligand-receptor interaction results across multiple cell-lines.
A review of the changes to the licensing of influenza vaccines in Europe (2015)

In 2014, the European Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) published a draft regulatory guideline for the evaluation of influenza vaccines. Following a public consultation round, the final guidance will be published in the near future. Here, we highlight the main changes in the clinical section in this guideline and discuss the background to these changes and whether the new consolidated guidance document can be expected to achieve a better understanding of the performance of seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic influenza vaccines during the regulatory licensing process. The new influenza guideline reflects a changed approach to the regulatory assessment of influenza vaccines, resulting in the abolition of serological criteria, known as the CHMP criteria, which have been the mainstay for evaluating the influenza vaccine immunogenicity for several decades. The new guideline adopts a more diversified approach to the measurement and reporting of the immune response to influenza vaccines and sets a requirement to conduct clinical outcome trials in young children. Importantly, more emphasis is placed on the post-licensure monitoring of the benefit risk of influenza vaccines, including a request for continuous monitoring of efficacy and enhanced safety surveillance. Despite the improvements these new requirements will expectedly bring to the regulatory assessment of influenza vaccines, major challenges remain which cannot be overcome by new guidance alone. Ongoing initiatives in which academia, manufacturers, public health institutes and regulators work together to address these challenges are central to the development of robust tools to evaluate and monitor performance of influenza vaccines in the future.
Resistive switching mechanism in silicon highly rich SiOx (x &lt; 0.75) films based on silicon dangling bonds percolation model (2013)

The unipolar resistive switches are investigated in silicon highly rich SiOx (x &lt; 0.75) films. The as-deposited SiO0.73 films contain high concentration (1.0 × 1019 cm−3) of silicon dangling bonds (Si-DBs) and are rich in SiO2≡Si–Si and O3≡Si–Si configurations. Unlike the currently reported normal silicon-rich SiOx (x &gt; 1.8) based devices, our Pt/SiO0.73/Pt devices operate at lower voltage regime (&lt;2.0 V) and exhibit much lower resistance (∼30 Ω). The reset voltage (∼0.7 V) is lower than set voltage (∼1.7 V) and the performance is reduced in the vacuum environment. We propose a Si-DBs percolation model to explain the above characteristics. The experimental evidences for supporting our model are presented and discussed.
Pro .NET Performance: Optimize Your C# Applications (2012)

Maximizing the performance of your algorithms and applications is extremely important and can give you a competitive advantage, a lower cost of ownership, and happier users. Pro .NET Performance explains the internals of Windows, the CLR, and the physical hardware that affect the performance of your applications, and gives you the knowledge and tools to measure how your code performs in isolation from external factors. The book is full of C# code samples and tips to help you squeeze every bit of juice from your applicationlower memory utilization, consistent CPU usage, and fewer I/O operations across the network and disk. Pro .NET Performance will change the way you think about .NET application development. Guides you through performance measurement with a variety of profilers and other tools Explains how OS and CLR internals affect your applications performance in unexpected ways Provides you with tips and real-life case studies for improving application performance What youll learn Measure your codes performance with profilers and other tools. Understand where the bottlenecks are and focus on the right area for performance improvement. Manage memory efficiently by interacting properly with the garbage collector. Avoid common pitfalls by choosing the right abstractions. Understand the performance implications of the underlying operating system and runtime. Improve the performance of your applications by parallelization, caching, micro-optimization, and other techniques. Who this book is for Pro .NET Performance is for working .NET developers who care about the performance of their applications. It requires basic familiarity with Windows and the CLR, but guides the reader along the way and does not require prior experience with any performance-measurement tools. Pro .NET Performance also offers practical tips, case studies, and low-level knowledge for experienced developers and architects. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Performance Metrics Chapter 2: Performance Measurement Tools Chapter 3: Type Internals Chapter 4: Garbage Collection and Finalization Chapter 5: Collections and Generics Chapter 6: Concurrency and Parallelism Chapter 7: Networking, I/O, and Serialization Chapter 8: Unsafe Code and Interoperability Chapter 9: Algorithm Optimization Chapter 10: Performance Patterns Chapter 11: Web Application Performance
I/O Circuits and Models (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: I/O Design Considerations Push-Pull Transmitters CMOS receivers ESD Protection Circuits On-Chip Termination Bergeron Diagrams Open-Drain Transmitters Differential Current-Mode Transmitters Low-Swing and Differential Receivers IBIS Models Summary References Problems 
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Optical Absorption Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (2012)

Light travels through space in the form of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths. The entire wavelength range represents the electromagnetic spectrum. Spectroscopy studies the interaction between light and matter, in order to draw information about the chemical composition inside (Lee et al., 2011). Figure 1 shows the various bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. This chapter refers to measurements performed in the 200-2500 nm band, which is usually subdivided into three portions: the ultraviolet (UV), the visible (VIS) – perceivable by human eyes – and the near-infrared (NIR). They correspond to the 200-400 nm, 400-780 nm, and 780-2500 nm ranges, respectively.
Glutathione S-transferase in human organs. (1983)

Glutathione S-transferase (GSH-T) distribution has been investigated in human tissues. The relative contribution of each species to total enzyme activity of the various tissues has been compared. "Cationic" (pI greater than 7.5) "neutral" (pI 6-6.5) and "anionic" (pI less than 5.4) species of GSH-T were separated by isoelectric focusing. "Cationic" GSH-Ts (ligandin) quantitated by radioimmunoassay were present in all tissues studied. Highest concentrations were in liver, kidney, duodenum, testis and adrenal. "Neutral" and "anionic" GSH-Ts were not present in every tissue or in every specimen of some tissues studied. Marked inter-organ and inter-individual variation in the relative concentration of the 3 GSH-T species may explain individual and organ susceptibility to drugs and toxins and underlines the need for future studies to examine individual enzymes rather than total activity.
Activity monitoring using an intelligent mobile phone (2010)

This research examines both the practicalities and feasibility of using a smart phone in the monitoring of gross daily activity, namely step counts. An Adaptive Step Detection (ASD) algorithm has been proposed and evaluated, based on where the phone is worn on the body. Experiments involved collection of data from a participant who wore two mobile phones (placed at difference positions) while walking on a treadmill at a controlled speed for periods of five minutes. A video recording and pedometer were used to independently record the number of steps in addition to a count by human observation. A step detection calibration factor was determined via a data driven approach, i.e, for each recording, a calibration factor was obtained by learning from two thirds of the acceleration data gleaned from the accelerometer within the smart phone. The remainder of the data was used to test the algorithm. The step counts from the acceleration sensor were validated by the video recordings, which were consistent with the pedometer and human observation. The results show that the step counts detected by the proposed algorithm achieved accuracy of 100% when the mobile phone was placed in the right thigh positions, and achieved above 95% accuracy when the mobile phone was placed in the right breast pocket, bag over right shoulder and right ankle.
Node Similarity Preserving Graph Convolutional Networks (2021)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success in various real-world applications due to their strong ability in graph representation learning. GNNs explore the graph structure and node features by aggregating and transforming information within node neighborhoods. However, through theoretical and empirical analysis, we reveal that the aggregation process of GNNs tends to destroy node similarity in the original feature space. There are many scenarios where node similarity plays a crucial role. Thus, it has motivated the proposed framework SimP-GCN that can effectively and efficiently preserve node similarity while exploiting graph structure. Specifically, to balance information from graph structure and node features, we propose a feature similarity preserving aggregation which adaptively integrates graph structure and node features. Furthermore, we employ self-supervised learning to explicitly capture the complex feature similarity and dissimilarity relations between nodes. We validate the effectiveness of SimP-GCN on seven benchmark datasets including three assortative and four disassorative graphs. The results demonstrate that SimP-GCN outperforms representative baselines. Further probe shows various advantages of the proposed framework. The implementation of SimP-GCN is available at https://github.com/ChandlerBang/SimP-GCN.
Fatal and non-fatal adverse events of glucocorticoid therapy for Graves' orbitopathy: a questionnaire survey among members of the European Thyroid Association (2011)

GCs are preferentially administered i.v. for the treatment of GO in Europe. Both oral and i.v.GC may be associated with severe adverse effects, including fatal cases, which are more frequently reported in daily or alternate day i.v.GC. IvGC therapy should be undertaken in centers with appropriate expertise. Patients should be carefully examined for risk factors before treatment and monitored for side effects, which may be asymptomatic, both during and after treatment.
Effects of catecholamines on hepatic and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration after prolonged exposure to faecal peritonitis in pigs (2011)

Use of norepinephrine to increase blood pressure in septic animals has been associated with increased efficiency of hepatic mitochondrial respiration. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the same effect could be reproduced in isolated hepatic mitochondria after prolonged in vivo exposure to faecal peritonitis. Eighteen pigs were randomized to 27 h of faecal peritonitis and to a control condition (n = 9 each group). At the end, hepatic mitochondria were isolated and incubated for one hour with either norepinephrine or placebo, with and without pretreatment with the specific receptor antagonists prazosin and yohimbine. Mitochondrial state 3 and state 4 respiration were measured for respiratory chain complexes I and II, and state 3 for complex IV using high-resolution respirometry, and respiratory control ratios were calculated. Additionally, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration was evaluated after incubation with norepinephrine and dobutamine with and without the respective antagonists (atenolol, propranolol and phentolamine for dobutamine). Faecal peritonitis was characterized by decreasing blood pressure and stroke volume, and maintained systemic oxygen consumption. Neither faecal peritonitis nor any of the drugs or drug combinations had measurable effects on hepatic or skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. Norepinephrine did not improve the efficiency of complex I- and complex II-dependent isolated hepatic mitochondrial respiration [respiratory control ratio (RCR) complex I: 5.6 ± 5.3 (placebo) vs. 5.4 ± 4.6 (norepinephrine) in controls and 2.7 ± 2.1 (placebo) vs. 2.9 ± 1.5 (norepinephrine) in septic animals; RCR complex II: 3.5 ± 2.0 (placebo) vs. 3.5 ± 1.8 (norepinephrine) in controls; 2.3 ± 1.6 (placebo) vs. 2.2 ± 1.1 (norepinephrine) in septic animals]. Prolonged faecal peritonitis did not affect either hepatic or skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. Subsequent incubation of isolated mitochondria with norepinephrine and dobutamine did not significantly influence their respiration.
Extrapolation of optimal lifted system ILC solution, with application to a waferstage (2002)

The optimal solution from the lifted system design methods presented by Tousain (2001) has many advantages over classic iterative learning control (ILC) design methods, with one drawback: the ILC solution has to be recalculated for every trajectory of a different length. This paper shows that it is very well possible to avoid this by expressing the solution for the lifted system ILC as a finite time function of the plant parameters. This solution will be referred to as an extrapolated solution since the solution can be used for a trajectory of any length without recalculating the solution. This low order extrapolated solution has been compared to a high order lifted system optimal control (Q-)ILC solution in the application to an industrial grade wafer stage, showing the value of this extrapolated solution.
A fault-tolerant algorithm for replicated data management (2003)

The problem of managing replicated copies of data in a distributed database is considered. Quorum consensus methods for managing replicated data require that an operation proceed only if a group of copies form a quorum. For example, in a majority voting scheme, for a write operation to proceed, a majority of the copies have to form a quorum. The authors first introduce a performance measure for measuring the performance of fault-tolerant algorithms for this problem. They then propose a quorum-based method which is highly fault tolerant and has a low message overhead. The algorithm can tradeoff fault tolerance for lower message overhead. The algorithm is compared to existing algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> oocysts using a microfluidic device equipped with the SUS micromesh and FITC‐labeled antibody (2006)

Development of a microfluidic device equipped with micromesh for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst was reported. A micromesh consisting of 10 x 10 cavities was microfabricated on the stainless steel plate by laser ablation. Each cavity size, approximately 2.7 microm in diameter, was adopted to capture a single C. parvum oocyst. Under negative pressure operation, suspensions containing microbeads or C. parvum oocysts flowed into the microchannel. Due to strong non-specific adsorption of microbeads onto the PDMS microchannel surface during sample injection, the surface was treated with air plasma, followed by treatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. This process reduced the non-specific adsorption of microbeads on the microchannel to 10% or less in comparison to a non-treated microchannel. This microfluidic device equipped with the SUS micromesh was further applied for the capture of C. parvum oocysts. Trapped C. parvum oocysts were visualized by staining with FITC-labeled anti-C. parvum oocyst antibody on a micromesh and counted under fluoroscopic observation. The result obtained by our method was consistent with that obtained by direct immunofluorescence assay coupled with immunomagnetic separation (DFA-IMS) method, indicating that the SUS micromesh is useful for counting of C. parvum oocysts. The newly designed microfluidic device exploits a geometry that allowed for the entrapment of oocysts on the micromesh while providing the rapid introduction of a series of reagents and washes through the microfluidic structure. Our data indicate that this microfluidic device is useful for high-throughput counting of C. parvum oocysts from tap water sample.