gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless data multicasting with switched beamforming antennas (2011)

Using beamforming antennas to improve wireless multicast transmissions has received considerable attention recently. The work in proposes to partition all single-lobe beams into groups and to form composite multi-lobe beam patterns to transmit multicast traffic. The key challenge left is, how to partition the beams into multiple groups in order to minimize the total multicast delay. This work makes significant progress in both algorithmic and analytic aspects of the problem. We prove that, under the asymmetric power split (ASP) model, it is NP-hard to have (3/2 - ε)-approximation algorithm for any ε >; 0. We then develop an APTAS, an asymptotic (3/2 + β)-approximation solution (where β ≥ 0 depends on the wireless technology), and an asymptotic 2-approximation solution to the problem by relating the problem to a generalized version of the bin-packing problem. Extensive trace-driven simulations based on real-world channel measurements corroborate our analytical results by showing significant improvement compared to state of the art algorithms.
Functional liquid crystalline epoxy networks and composites: from materials design to applications (2021)

Liquid crystalline epoxy networks (LCENs) are a class of materials that combine the useful benefits of both liquid crystals and epoxy networks exhibiting fascinating thermal, mechanical, and stimuli-responsive properties. They have emerged as a new platform for developing functional materials suitable for various applications, such as sensors, actuators, smart coatings and adhesives, tunable optical systems, and soft robotics. This article provides an overview of LCENs and their composites as functional materials, including their synthesis and characterisation, focusing on structure-processing–property relationships. We provide objective analyses on how materials engineers can use these relationships to develop LCENs with desired functionalities for targeted applications. Emerging areas, including advanced manufacturing and multi-functional design of LCENs are covered to show the overall progress in this field. We also survey the forward-looking status of LCEN research in designing novel materials for future technologies.
Blind multi-path elimination by sparse inversion in Through-The-Wall-Imaging (2013)

In this paper, we propose a multi-path elimination by sparse inversion (MESI) algorithm that removes the clutter induced by internal wall reflections in a Through-the-Wall-Imaging (TWI) system without prior knowledge of the scene geometry. Our approach iteratively recovers the time-domain primary impulse responses of targets behind the front wall then finds a delay convolution operator that best maps the primary impulse response of each target to the multi-path reflections available in the received signal. Since the number of targets and the number of reflecting surfaces is typically much smaller than the downrange extent of the scene, we employ ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> regularized sparse recovery in both the target detection and reflection-operator estimation. Moreover, we specify extensions of the MESI algorithm that allow for the detection of targets directly in the image domain even from randomly subsampled arrays and compensate for the distortion of the source waveform due to the front wall propagation. We present numerical simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of MESI in locating targets inside a room with unknown dimensions or wall parameters and highlight the robustness of our scheme to severe measurement noise.
Chronic hepcidin induction causes hyposideremia and alters the pattern of cellular iron accumulation in hemochromatotic mice (2005)

We report the generation of a tetracycline-regulated (Tet ON) transgenic mouse model for acute and chronic expression of the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin in the liver. We demonstrate that short-term and long-term tetracycline-dependent activation of hepcidin in adult mice leads to hypoferremia and iron-limited erythropoiesis, respectively. This clearly establishes the key role of hepcidin in regulating the extracellular iron concentration. We previously demonstrated that, when expressed early in fetal development, constitutive transgenic hepcidin expression prevented iron accumulation in an Hfe-/- mouse model of hemochromatosis. We now explore the effect of chronic hepcidin expression in adult Hfe-/- mice that have already developed liver iron overload. We demonstrate that induction of chronic hepcidin expression in 2-month-old Hfe-/- mice alters their pattern of cellular iron accumulation, leading to increased iron in tissue macrophages and duodenal cells but less iron in hepatocytes. These hepcidin-induced changes in the pattern of cellular iron accumulation are associated with decreased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin in macrophages but no detectable alteration of ferroportin expression in the hepatocytes. We speculate that this change in iron homeostasis could offer a therapeutic advantage by protecting against damage to parenchymal cells.
Sulfation of sialyl N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharides and fetuin oligosaccharides by keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (2000)

We have previously cloned keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST), which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 6 of Gal residue of keratan sulfate. In this study, we examined whether KSGal6ST could transfer sulfate to sialyl N -acetyllactosamine oligosaccharides or fetuin oligo-saccharides. KSGal6ST expressed in COS-7 cells catalyzed transfer of sulfate to NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (3'SLN), NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Gl cNAc (SL1L1), NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(6-sulfo)GlcNAcbeta1-3(6-sulfo) Galbeta1-4(6-su lfo)GlcNAc (SL2L4), and their desialylated derivatives except for Galbeta1-4GlcNAc, but not to NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (SLex). When the sulfated product formed from 3'SLN was degraded with neuraminidase and reduced with NaBH(4), the resulting sulfated disaccharide alditol showed the same retention time in SAX-HPLC as that of [(3)H]Gal(6SO(4))beta1-4GlcNAc-ol. KSGal6ST also catalyzed sulfation of fetuin. When the sulfated oligosaccharides released from the sulfated fetuin after sequential digestion with proteinase and neuraminidase were subjected to a reaction sequence of hydrazin-olysis, deaminative cleavage and NaBH(4)reduction, the major product was co-eluted with [(3)H]Gal(6SO(4))beta1-4anhydromannitol in SAX-HPLC. These observations show that KSGal6ST is able to sulfate position 6 of Gal residue of 3'SLN and fetuin oligosaccharides. The relative rates of the sulfation of SL2L4 was much higher than the rate of the sulfation of keratan sulfate. These results suggest that KSGal6ST may function in the sulfation of sialyl N -acetyllactosamine oligosaccharide chains attached to glycoproteins.
Assignment and Control of Two- Tiered Vehicle Traffic (2018)

This work considers the assignment of vehicle traffic consisting of both individual, opportunistic vehicles and a cooperative fleet of vehicles. The first set of vehicles seek a user-optimal policy and the second set seeks a fleet-optimal policy. We provide explicit sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium at which both policies are satisfied. We also propose two different algorithms to determine the equilibrium, one centralized and one decentralized. Furthermore, we present a control scheme to attain such an equilibrium in a dynamical network flow. An example is considered showing the workings of our scheme and numerical results are presented.
Bicyclic Acylguanidine Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Antiporter Inhibitors (1998)

Blockade of the Na+/H+ exchange has been shown to diminish the serious consequences of myocardial ischemia. The aim of this investigation was to alter the structure of the common benzoylguanidine NHE inhibitors in such a way that the 3-methylsulfonyl and 4-alkyl group form a ring. The new benz-fused five-, six-, and seven-membered ring sulfones were prepared by internal Heck reaction. Benz-fused five-membered ring sulfones could also be prepared by internal aldol-type condensation using ketones or nitriles as acceptor groups. In the final step, the carboxyl groups were converted to acylguanidines preferentially by guanidine treatment of the esters or acid chlorides. The compounds were tested as their methanesulfonate salts. The inhibition of the Na+/H+ antiport activity was determined by observing the uptake of 22Na+ into acidified rabbit erythrocytes. Additionally, the inhibition of the antiport activity was assessed also by the platelet swelling assay (PSA), in which the swelling of human platelets was induced by the incubation in the presence of a weak organic acid. On average, the IC50 values in the PSA turned out to be about 10-fold higher than in the erythrocyte assay primarily due to a higher Na+ concentration in the PSA; however, the order of the compounds' potency was not substantially altered. The new compounds were found to be highly active with peak values ranging within the cariporide and EMD 96785 standards.
Design Space Analysis for Cross-Point 1S1MTJ MRAM: Selector–MTJ Cooptimization (2020)

To increase the density of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) beyond the 1T1MTJ MRAM cell in use today, the design space for 1S1MTJ MRAM array is analyzed by cooptimizing both selectors and MTJs. Current low-resistance MTJs for 1T1MTJ MRAM are not suitable for 1S1MTJ MRAM. Threshold-type selectors would induce a strong read disturb on the MTJ due to the snapback voltage (VTH-VHOLD) when the selector is turned on. Also, exponential-typeselectors would degrade the read margin (RM) due to its large ON-state resistance. When using existing selectors to achieve a 1-M-bit 1S1MTJ array, it is necessary to adjust the product of resistance and area(RA) and the diameter of the MTJ. An MTJ with the RA = 15 Ω · μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the diameter = 50 nm can meet the criterion of RM > 10% for both exponential-type selectors (exponential slope = 300-500 mV/decade with the current density ~ 1 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and threshold-type selectors (VTH-VHOLD ~ 250 mV). A design space accommodating a selector variation of around 1% can be found for MTJs with tunnel magnetoresistance ratio (TMR) <; 250%. With an increased TMR of 250%-350% of the MTJ, the tolerance of variations for exponential-type selectors and threshold-type selectors can be improved to 2% and 4%, respectively. This provides a chance for the 1S1MTJ MRAM with existing selectors.
Tri-state bus conflict checking method for ATPG using BDD (1993)

This paper describes a bus design rule checking method which efficiently checks whether signal conflicts may occur on the tri-state buses in a given circuit and whether the buses may be in floating states. By using BDD (binary decision diagram) representations, a practical bus design rule check program has been obtained.
Efficient convex optimization for real-time robust beamforming with microphone arrays (2011)

This paper presents an efficient implementation of a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on convex optimization for applications in the processing-constrained environment of a digital hearing aid. Several modifications of the standard interior point barrier method are introduced for use where the array data covariance matrix is changing rapidly relative to the algorithm's convergence rate. These efficiency improvements significantly simplify the computation without affecting the algorithm's fast convergence, and are useful for real-time adaptive beamforming regardless of the rate of array correlation change. Simulation results show that this implementation is numerically stable and succeeds where many minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) solutions fail.
Deep Adaptive Semantic Logic (DASL): Compiling Declarative Knowledge\n into Deep Neural Networks (2020)

We introduce Deep Adaptive Semantic Logic (DASL), a novel framework for\nautomating the generation of deep neural networks that incorporates\nuser-provided formal knowledge to improve learning from data. We provide formal\nsemantics that demonstrate that our knowledge representation captures all of\nfirst order logic and that finite sampling from infinite domains converges to\ncorrect truth values. DASL's representation improves on prior neural-symbolic\nwork by avoiding vanishing gradients, allowing deeper logical structure, and\nenabling richer interactions between the knowledge and learning components. We\nillustrate DASL through a toy problem in which we add structure to an image\nclassification problem and demonstrate that knowledge of that structure reduces\ndata requirements by a factor of $1000$. We then evaluate DASL on a visual\nrelationship detection task and demonstrate that the addition of commonsense\nknowledge improves performance by $10.7\\%$ in a data scarce setting.\n
Wavefield-separation methods for dual-sensor towed-streamer data (2013)

ABSTRACT A dual-sensor towed streamer records the pressure and vertical component of particle motion associated with the incident wavefield that may be used to separate the wavefield into its up- and downgoing parts. This procedure requires information about the water properties (wave-propagation velocity and density) and is robust in the presence of errors in the estimation of these quantities of the magnitude likely to be encountered. In practice, the particle motion data recorded by current towed marine streamers encounter very strong mechanical noise such that, for the lowest frequencies, the wavefield separation must be approximated by deconvolving the ghost function from the pressure data. This procedure requires information about the streamer depth and is robust to small depth errors over the frequency range for which it is required for dual-sensor streamer processing, but it is much more sensitive if applied over the bandwidth necessary to deghost pressure data acquired at a conventional streamer depth. The signal-to-noise ratio can be further enhanced by recombining the up- and downgoing pressure fields at the sea surface, which has the effect of applying a ghostlike filter to noise that is recorded by only one of the two sensors. In practical marine acquisition scenarios, spatial sampling is often insufficient to yield an accurate result, especially in the crossline direction. If each streamer is processed independently assuming that the wavefield propagation is purely inline, significant errors can be introduced. For arrivals with high emergent angles, errors may also be introduced even if the wavefield propagation actually is purely inline due to incorrect treatment of spatially aliased energy. However, these effects are almost entirely confined to very shallow events. They can be mitigated by using independently derived information about the crossline propagation angle and, for data comprising predominantly forward scattered energy, appropriate application of linear moveout.
Differential Atomic Magnetometry Based on a Diverging Laser Beam (2007)

The authors demonstrate a novel atomic magnetometer that uses differential detection of the spatially diverging components of a light field to monitor the Larmor precession frequency of atoms in a thermal vapor. The design is implemented in compact form with a micromachined alkali vapor cell and a naturally divergent light field emitted by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Operating the magnetometer in differential mode cancels common-mode noise and improves the sensitivity by a factor of 26 over single-channel operation. They also suggest ways in which the current sensitivity of 28pT∕√Hz may be improved further without sacrificing size or simplicity.
Graph-Based Data Relevance Estimation for Large Storage Systems (2018)

In storage systems, the relevance of files to users can be taken into account to determine storage control policies to reduce cost, while retaining high reliability and performance. The relevance of a file can be estimated by applying supervised learning and using the metadata as features. However, supervised learning requires many training samples to achieve an acceptable estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based learning system for the relevance estimation of files using a small training set. First, files are grouped into different file-sets based on the available metadata. Then a parameterized similarity metric among files is introduced for each file-set using the knowledge of the metadata. Finally, message passing over a bipartite graph is applied for relevance estimation. The proposed system is tested on various datasets and compared with logistic regression.
Scintillation detectors based on silicon microfluidic channels (2014)

Microfluidic channels obtained by SU-8 photolithography and filled with liquid scintillators were recently demonstrated to be an interesting technology for the implementation of novel particle detectors. The main advantages of this approach are the intrinsic radiation resistance resulting from the simple microfluidic circulation of the active medium and the possibility to manufacture devices with high spatial resolution and low material budget using microfabrication techniques. Here we explore a different technological implementation of this concept, reporting on scintillating detectors based on silicon microfluidic channels. A process for manufacturing microfluidic devices on silicon substrates, featuring microchannel arrays suitable for light guiding, was developed. Such process can be in principle combined with standard CMOS processing and lead to a tight integration with the readout photodetectors and electronics in the future. Several devices were manufactured, featuring microchannel geometries differing in depth, width and pitch. A preliminary characterization of the prototypes was performed by means of a photomultiplier tube coupled to the microchannel ends, in order to detect the scintillation light produced upon irradiation with beta particles from a 90Sr source. The photoelectron spectra thus obtained were fitted with the expected output function in order to extract the light yield.
An Active Integrated Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna (2016)

A radio-frequency (RF) amplifier-integrated ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. Instead of designing both the antenna and the amplifier separately based on 50-Ω interfaces, they are codesigned without this impedance requirement so that improved wideband antenna matching and total radiation efficiency are achieved. The design is implemented with a two-element semi-ring UWB MIMO antenna integrated with a commercially available UWB amplifier. The antenna has the size of 0.01λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the freespace wavelength at 1.8 GHz. The integrated antenna shows minimum realized gain and efficiency of 14.1 dBi and 60%, respectively, over the 1.8-5.5-GHz band. Diversity parameters of the integrated MIMO antenna are evaluated. Detailed design and measurement procedures are presented with simulation and experimental results.
Advanced in-line metrology strategy for self-aligned quadruple patterning (2016)

Self-Aligned Quadruple Patterning (SAQP) is a promising technique extending the 193-nm lithography to manufacture structures that are 20nm half pitch or smaller. This process adopts multiple sidewall spacer image transfers to split a rather relaxed design into a quarter of its original pitch. Due to the number of multiple process steps required for the pitch splitting in SAQP, the process error propagates through each deposition and etch, and accumulates at the final step into structure variations, such as pitch walk and poor critical dimension uniformity (CDU). They can further affect the downstream processes and lower the yield. The impact of this error propagation becomes significant for advanced technology nodes when the process specifications of device design CD requirements are at nanometer scale. Therefore, semiconductor manufacturing demands strict in-line process control to ensure a high process yield and improved performance, which must rely on precise measurements to enable corrective actions and quick decision making for process development. This work aims to provide a comprehensive metrology solution for SAQP. During SAQP process development, the challenges in conventional in-line metrology techniques start to surface. For instance, critical-dimension scanning electron microscopy (CDSEM) is commonly the first choice for CD and pitch variation control. However, it is found that the high aspect ratio at mandrel level processes and the trench variations after etch prevent the tool from extracting the true bottom edges of the structure in order to report the position shift. On the other hand, while the complex shape and variations can be captured with scatterometry, or optical CD (OCD), the asymmetric features, such as pitch walk, show low sensitivity with strong correlations in scatterometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is known to provide useful direct measurements of the pitch walk in crystalline arrays, yet the data analysis is influenced by the incoming geometry and must be used carefully. A successful implementation of SAQP process control for yield improvement requires the metrology issues to be addressed. By optimizing the measurement parameters and beam configurations, CDSEM measurements distinguish each of the spaces corresponding to the upstream mandrel processes and report their CDs separately to feed back to the process team for the next development cycle. We also utilize the unique capability in scatterometry to measure the structure details in-line and implement a “predictive” process control, which shows a good correlation between the “predictive” measurement and the cross-sections from our design of experiments (DOE). The ability to measure the pitch walk in scatterometry was also demonstrated. This work also explored the frontier of in-line XRD capability by enabling an automatic RSM fitting on tool to output pitch walk values. With these advances in metrology development, we are able to demonstrate the impacts of in-line monitoring in the SAQP process, to shorten the patterning development learning cycle to improve the yield.
Multiple knockout mouse models reveal lincRNAs are required for life and brain development (2013)

Many studies are uncovering functional roles for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), yet few have been tested for in vivo relevance through genetic ablation in animal models. To investigate the functional relevance of lncRNAs in various physiological conditions, we have developed a collection of 18 lncRNA knockout strains in which the locus is maintained transcriptionally active. Initial characterization revealed peri- and postnatal lethal phenotypes in three mutant strains (Fendrr, Peril, and Mdgt), the latter two exhibiting incomplete penetrance and growth defects in survivors. We also report growth defects for two additional mutant strains (linc-Brn1b and linc-Pint). Further analysis revealed defects in lung, gastrointestinal tract, and heart in Fendrr(-/-) neonates, whereas linc-Brn1b(-/-) mutants displayed distinct abnormalities in the generation of upper layer II-IV neurons in the neocortex. This study demonstrates that lncRNAs play critical roles in vivo and provides a framework and impetus for future larger-scale functional investigation into the roles of lncRNA molecules. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01749.001.