gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between metal-insulator transition characteristics and electronic structure changes in vanadium oxide thin films (2008)

We correlate electron transport data directly with energy band structure measurements in vanadium oxide thin films with varying V-O stoichiometry across the ${\text{VO}}_{2}$ metal-insulator transition. A set of vanadium oxide thin films were prepared by reactive dc sputtering from a V target at various oxygen partial pressures (${\text{O}}_{2}$ p.p.). Metal-insulator transition (MIT) characteristic to ${\text{VO}}_{2}$ can be seen from the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of the films sputtered at optimal ${\text{O}}_{2}$ p.p. Lower and higher ${\text{O}}_{2}$ p.p. result in disappearance of the MIT. The results of the near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of the $\text{O}\text{ }K$ edge in identical VO films are presented. Redistribution of the spectral weight from ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ bands is found in the vanadium oxide films exhibiting stronger ${\text{VO}}_{2}$ MIT. This is taken as evidence of the strengthening of the metal-metal ion interaction with respect to the metal-ligand and indirect V-O-V interaction in vanadium oxide films featuring sharp MIT. We also observe a clear correlation between MIT and the width and area of the lower ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ band, which is likely to be due to the emergence of the ${d}_{||}$ band overlapping with ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$. The strengthening of this ${d}_{||}$ band near the Fermi level only in the vanadium oxide compounds displaying the MIT points out the importance of the role of the ${d}_{||}$ band and electron correlations in the phase transition.
Novel, Efficient, Palladium-Based System for the Polymerization of Norbornene Derivatives:  Scope and Mechanism (2001)

[(1,5-Cyclooctadiene)(CH3)Pd(Cl)], when reacted in situ with 1 equiv of a monodentate phosphine ligand and 1 equiv of the complex Na+[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4B- was found to catalyze the vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene derivatives, including those with pendant oxygen functionalities. For norbornene, a polymerization rate of 1000 tons norbornene/mol Pd·h was observed at 25 °C. For several norbornene derivatives, the molecular weight of the polymer was found to decrease with increasing amounts of added 2-propanol. Mechanistic data confirm a vinyl insertion mechanism for these polymerizations. The polymerization rate was found to decrease dramatically for norbornene derivatives with pendant oxygen functionalities. The effect of coordinating solvents and the uptake of endo vs exo isomers for functionalized norbornenes was tested. Experiments show that (a) the endo isomer reacts more slowly than the exo isomer and (b) both isomers react much more slowly compared to norbornene derivatives lacking coordinating functionalities. Reaction of 5-norbornene carboxylic acid ethyl ester with the [(Et3P)2Pt(H)]+ fragment yields the endo-inserted product exhibiting intramolecular coordination of the ester functionality to the platinum center. The formation of chelates, both upon the coordination of the endo-fuctionalized nobornene and in the endo-inserted product, appears to be responsible, in part, for the observed decrease in polymerization rate for functional norbornene derivates. A further reason for the diminution of activity of both the endo- and the exo-functionalized isomers is simply the coordination of the functionality. Of the two factors, the latter is the dominant one.
Fuzzy thesaurus generation based on cross-index matrix for case-based reasoning (2002)

A type of fuzzy information retrieval using a fuzzy thesaurus is appropriate for the similar case retrieval in the case-based reasoning, because we can use index attribute values of the cases as keywords of documents. In this retrieval, the fuzzy thesaurus plays an important role, and hence the method to generate a reasonable fuzzy thesaurus is a problem to be solved. In this paper, a new algorithm to generate a fuzzy thesaurus for the case-based reasoning is presented, which makes use of index attribute values. The index attribute values labeled on cases are electronic data for use of retrieval computation. There is only one index attribute value in each index and the simultaneous occurrence of the index attribute values is not observed consequently. This new algorithm utilizes the index attribute values of multiple indexes and evaluates a correlation between simultaneous occurrences of a pair of index attribute values in different indexes. The correlation composes a matrix, which we call "a cross-index matrix". The fuzzy thesaurus of index attribute values in an index is generated based on the cross-index matrix.
Wide-angle nonmechanical beam steering using thin liquid crystal polarization gratings (2008)

We introduce and demonstrate a compact, nonmechanical beam steering device based on liquid Crystal (LC) Polarization Gratings (PGs). Directional control of collimated light is essential for free-space optical communications, remote sensing, and related technologies. However, current beam steering methods often require moving parts, or are limited to small angle operation, offer low optical throughput, and are constrained by size and weight. We employ multiple layers of LCPGs to achieve wide-angle (> ±40°), coarse beam steering of 1550 nm light in a remarkably thin package. LCPGs can be made in switchable or polymer materials, and possess a continuous periodic birefringence profile, that renders several compelling properties (experimentally realized): ~ 100% experimental diffraction efficiency into a single order, high polarization sensitivity, and very low scattering. Light may be controlled within and between the zero- and first-diffraction orders by the handedness of the incident light and potentially by voltage applied to the PG itself. We implement a coarse steering device with several LCPGs matched with active halfwave LC variable retarders. Here, we present the preliminary experimental results and discuss the unique capability of this wide-angle steering.
Maskless nanolithography with diffractive optics: Zone- plate-array lithography (ZPAL) (2000)

We present zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL), a new scheme for nanolithography, which uses a massively parallel array of Fresnel zone plates and micromechanical multiplexing to print patterns in a dot-matrix manner on a substrate.
Accelerated Stress Test Method for the Assessment of Membrane Lifetime in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2019)

An accelerated stress test (AST) method was developed to estimate the lifetime of ion-exchange membranes in a vanadium redox flow battery. The oxidative VO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> ions present in the charged positive electrolyte are the predominant stressor causing loss of functional groups and membrane conductivity. Membrane aging was accelerated in ex situ tests by exploiting elevated temperatures and the increased oxidative strength of Ce<sup>4+</sup>. Acceleration factors were determined on the basis of the analysis of aged radiation grafted g(S-AN) membranes. The degradation in a Ce<sup>4+</sup> solution was found to be ∼4 times faster than in VO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. The highest acceleration factor of ∼200 was found for the degradation with Ce<sup>4+</sup> at 80 °C. The degradation reaction present in the accelerated stress test showed a similar activation energy of ∼50 kJ/mol in VO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and Ce<sup>4+</sup> solutions, suggesting a similar reaction pathway. The applicability of the test was further evaluated with the second membrane, g(AMS-MAN). Its lifetime was estimated based on the accelerated stress test and acceleration factors previously determined for the g(S-AN) membrane and compared to the lifetime projected from an extended cycling experiment in the cell. The two values were in the same range of ∼4000 h. The proposed AST can serve as a basis for predictive modeling of membrane lifetime in vanadium redox flow batteries. The potential of the method and the limitations are discussed.
A versatile pathway for the direct assembly of organo-functional mesostructures from sodium silicate (2004)

Silica mesostructures with well-expressed hexagonal and wormhole framework structures and up to 50% organo-functionalization of the framework silicon sites have been directly assembled from sodium silicate.
Sugar Level, Fermentability, and Acceptability of Straw Treated with Different Acids (1978)

The sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability by voles of ryegrass straw treated with different acids were compared. Sugar release was highest with HCl, but acceptability was best with H(3)PO(4) treatment. Candida utilis grew about equally well on all of the treated samples, except the one treated with 0.5 N HCl. That sample supported no growth, possibly because the level of chloride or degradation products of monomeric sugars was too high. Fermentability and palatability of straw were highest when treated with a combination of 0.23 N HCl and 0.15 N H(3)PO(4). Fermentation with Aureobasidium pullulans further increased the palatability of the acid-treated straw.
Unambiguous discrimination of special sets of multipartite states using local measurements and classical communication (2005)

We initially consider a quantum system consisting of two qubits, which can be in one of two nonorthogonal states $\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{0}⟩$ and $\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}⟩$. We distribute the qubits to two parties, Alice and Bob. They each measure their qubits and then compare their measurement results to determine which state they were sent. This procedure is error-free, which implies that it must sometimes fail. In addition, no quantum memory is required; it is not necessary for one of the qubits to be stored until the result of the measurement on the other is known. We consider the cases in which, should failure occur, both parties receive a failure signal or only one does. In the latter case, if the two states share the same Schmidt basis, the states can be discriminated with the same failure probability that would be obtained if the qubits were measured together. This scheme is sufficiently simple that it can be generalized to multipartite qubit, and qudit, states. Applications to quantum secret sharing are discussed. Finally, we present an optical scheme to experimentally realize the protocol in the case of two qubits.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Catalysts for Ammonia Oxidation in Nitric Acid Production: Properties and Perspectives (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SOI waveguide based planar reflective grating demultiplexer for FTTH (2007)

Recent deployments of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) represent the fastest growing sector of the telecommunication industry. The emergence of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonics presents an opportunity to exploit the wide availability of silicon foundries and high-quality low-cost substrates for addressing the FTTH market. We have now demonstrated that a monolithically integrated FTTH demultiplexer can be built using the SOI platform. The SOI filter comprises a monolithically integrated planar reflective grating and a multi-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer that were fabricated using a CMOS-compatible SOI process with the core thickness of 3.0 ?m and optically insulating layer of silica with a thickness of 0.375 ?m. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to coarsely separate the 1310 nm channel from 1490 and 1550 nm channels. Subsequently, a planar reflective grating was used to demultiplex the 1490 and 1550 nm channels. The manufactured device showed the 1-dB bandwidth of 110 nm for the 1310 nm channel. For the 1490 nm and 1550 nm channels, the 1-dB bandwidth was measured to be 30 nm. The adjacent channel isolation between the 1490 nm and 1550 nm channels was better than 32 dB. The optical isolation between the 1310 nm and 1490 and 1550 nm channels was better than 45 dB. Applications of the planar reflective gratings in the FTTH networks are discussed.
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier with flattened gain spectrum (1991)

An optical notch filter was incorporated within the length of all erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Careful choice of the filter characteristics and location made it possible to enhance the amplifier gain at wavelengths around 1550 nm. An amplifier with 27-dB gain and 33-nm bandwidth was demonstrated. The saturation characteristics of the amplifier were uniform across its gain spectrum, making it ideal for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: A Review (2017)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA herpes virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. CMV retinitis is a potentially blinding manifestation of CMV infection that was commonly seen in advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the era before modern combination antiretroviral therapy era, but is also recognized in patients with immune deficiency from multiple causes. The advent of and advances in antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus have decreased the incidence of CMV retinitis by over 90% among AIDS patients, and improved visual outcomes in those affected. The diagnosis is generally a clinical one, and treatment modalities include systemic and intravitreal antiviral medications. Retinal detachment and immune recovery uveitis are sight-threatening complications of CMV retinitis that require specific treatments.
Adaptation of protein secretion to extremely high‐salt conditions by extensive use of the twin‐arginine translocation pathway (2002)

Halophilic archaea thrive in environments with salt concentrations approaching saturation. However, little is known about the way in which these organisms stabilize their secreted proteins in such 'hostile' conditions. Here, we present data suggesting that the utilization of protein translocation pathways for protein secretion by the Halobacteriaceae differs significantly from that of non-haloarchaea, and most probably represents an adaptation to the high-salt environment. Although most proteins are secreted via the general secretion (Sec) machinery, the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is mainly used for the secretion of redox proteins and is distinct from the Sec pathway, in that it allows cytoplasmic folding of secreted proteins. tatfind (developed in this study) was used for systematic whole-genome analysis of Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and several other prokaryotes to identify putative Tat substrates. Our analyses revealed that the vast majority of haloarchaeal secreted proteins were predicted substrates of the Tat pathway. Strikingly, most of these putative Tat substrates were non-redox proteins, the homologues of which in non-haloarchaea were identified as putative Sec substrates. We confirmed experimentally that the secretion of one such putative Tat substrate depended on the twin-arginine motif in its signal sequence. This extensive utilization of the Tat pathway in haloarchaea suggests an evolutionary adaptation to high-salt conditions by allowing cytoplasmic folding of secreted proteins before their secretion.
Phomactins, novel PAF antagonists from marine fungus Phoma sp. (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhomactins, novel PAF antagonists from marine fungus Phoma sp.Michihiro Sugano, Aiya Sato, Yasuteru Iijima, Kouhei Furuya, Hideyuki Haruyama, Keiko Yoda, and Tadashi HataCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3, 564–569Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00082a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00082a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Optimal coupling of light from a cylindrical scintillator into an optical fiber (2007)

Radiation dose measurements based on scintillator detection are conveniently made by coupling the light from the scintillator into an optical fiber. The low light levels involved typically require sensitive photodetectors, so it is advantageous to increase the available signal by optimizing the optical coupling efficiency between the scintillator and optical fiber. We model this process using geometric optics and finite-element ray tracing to determine the features that maximize the amount of light coupled to an optical fiber from a cylindrical scintillator. We also address whether the coupling can be improved by using an intermediate optical element such as a lens, and we provide a means for calculating its required optical properties for a given geometry.
A Measurement of Total Reactive Nitrogen, NO<sub><i>y</i></sub>, together with NO<sub>2</sub>, NO, and O<sub>3</sub> via Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (2014)

We present a sensitive, compact detector that measures total reactive nitrogen (NOy), as well as NO2, NO, and O3. In all channels, NO2 is directly detected by laser diode based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at 405 nm. Ambient O3 is converted to NO2 in excess NO for the O3 measurement channel. Likewise, ambient NO is converted to NO2 in excess O3. Ambient NOy is thermally dissociated at ∼700 °C to form NO2 or NO in a heated quartz inlet. Any NO present in ambient air or formed from thermal dissociation of other reactive nitrogen compounds is converted to NO2 in excess O3 after the thermal converter. We measured thermal dissociation profiles for six of the major NOy components and compared ambient measurements with other instruments during field campaigns in Utah and Alabama. Alabama measurements were made in a rural location with high biogenic emissions, and Utah measurements were made in the wintertime in unusual conditions that form high ozone levels from emissions related to oil and gas production. The NOy comparison in Alabama, to an accepted standard measurement method (a molybdenum catalytic converter/chemiluminescence instrument), agreed to within 12%, which we define as an upper limit to the accuracy of the NOy channel. The 1σ precision is <30 pptv at 1 s and <4 pptv at 1 min time resolution for all measurement channels. The accuracy is 3% for the NO2 and O3 channels and 5% for the NO channel. The precision and accuracy of this instrument make it a versatile alternative to standard chemiluminescence-based NOy instruments.
Fabrication of channel waveguides in polydiacetylenes: Composite diffused glass/polymer structures (1990)

We report the fabrication of single-mode channel waveguides in spun films of polydiacetylenes using an inverted rib design. These robust guides consist of a planar layer of the polydiacetylene spun on a glass substrate in which high-index channels have been defined by ion exchange. Models of such guides show that most of the optical field of the guided wave is confined to the polymer layer, with the high-index glass channels providing lateral confinement. End-fire coupling of 1.06, 1.15, 1.32, and 1.55 μm light into the composite guides resulted in single-mode guiding with the light confined to the polymer layer. This approach to waveguide formation should be applicable to a wide range of polymeric materials.
Long wavelength superlattice quantum cascade lasers at λ≃17 μm (1999)

We report the realization of a semiconductor injection laser based on intraband transitions with emission wavelengths extending beyond the atmospheric windows. The structure uses the quantum cascade scheme with “chirped” superlattices as active material. Laser action in pulsed operation is achieved at λ≃17 μm up to 150 K, with peak output powers of ∼12 mW at cryogenic temperatures.
Quantification of Local Convectional Cooling During Cardiac Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (2006)

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is an effective, minimally invasive treatment method in clinical use for treatment of different cardiac arrhythmia. Studies have shown that lesion dimensions strongly depend on blood flow mediated convective cooling at the ablation site. We present a simple method to quantify convective cooling. A brief pulse of RF energy (10 W for 5 s) is applied, and catheter tip temperature is measured during and after energy application. Two parameters are extracted: 1) maximum tip temperature increase, and 2) slope of temperature decay 8 degree C above initial temperature. We tested whether these parameters can quantify convective cooling in ex vivo experiments. A RF catheter was inserted into a tissue phantom placed in a saline bath. Flow at different rates of 0, 1, 2 and 3 L/min was injected towards the catheter, and the parameters were extracted. Both parameters correlated with flow rate. Slope of temperature decay showed linear dependence on flow rate, maximum temperature increase showed exponential dependence. The parameters are potentially useful in quantifying convective cooling before ablation to predict lesion dimensions.
A Domain is only as Good as its Buddies (2018)

Inference based techniques are one of the major approaches to analyze DNS data and detect malicious domains. The key idea of inference techniques is to first define associations between domains based on features extracted from DNS data. Then, an inference algorithm is deployed to infer potential malicious domains based on their direct/indirect associations with known malicious ones. The way associations are defined is key to the effectiveness of an inference technique. It is desirable to be both accurate (i.e., avoid falsely associating domains with no meaningful connections) and with good coverage (i.e., identify all associations between domains with meaningful connections). Due to the limited scope of information provided by DNS data, it becomes a challenge to design an association scheme that achieves both high accuracy and good coverage.
Dithered multi-pulsing and non-parametric statistical inference algorithm for time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2015)

Time-of-flight mass spectrometers have classically been limited in the maximum ion pulser firing rate by the flight time of the slowest analyte ion present. This paper describes a new randomly dithered ion pulser firing scheme that operates in conjunction with a non- parametric iterated statistical inference algorithm, inspired by the Belief Propagation algorithm, to resolve the multiple time-of-flight aliases that result for firing rates above this classical limit. This algorithm readily exploits available a priori information and several acceleration techniques are applicable. Simulations of this method with a 10x firing rate increases show excellent fidelity with classically measured spectrums.