gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modifications of primaquine as antimalarials. 4. 5-Alkoxy derivatives of primaquine (1987)

Thirty-two 5-alkoxyprimaquines have been synthesized and evaluated as blood schizonticides (Plasmodium berghei, mouse) and tissue schizonticides (Plasmodium cynomolgi, monkey). Several of these compounds were extremely active in both screens. Such a broad spectrum of antimalarial efficacy offers the possibility of a single drug that could cure the various relapsing and nonrelapsing malarias.
Chemical preconversion: application of low-severity pretreatment chemistries for commoditization of lignocellulosic feedstock (2013)

Securing biofuels project financing is challenging, in part because of risks in feedstock supply. Commoditization of the feedstock and decoupling its supply from the biorefinery will promote greater economies of scale, reduce feedstock supply risk and reduce the need for overdesign of biorefinery pretreatment technologies. We present benefits and detractions of applying low-severity chemical treatments or ‘chemical preconversion treatments’ to enable this approach through feedstock modification and densification early in the supply chain. General structural modifications to biomass that support cost-effective densification and transportation are presented, followed by available chemistries to achieve these modifications with minimal yield loss and the potential for harvesting value in local economies. A brief review of existing biomass pretreatment technologies for cellulolytic hydrolysis at biorefineries is presented, followed by a discussion toward economically applying the underlying chemistries at reduced severity in light of capital and operational limitations of small-scale feedstock depots.
Backward-compatible constant-time exception-protected memory (2009)

We present a novel, table-free technique for detecting all temporal and spatial memory access errors (e.g. dangling pointers, out-of-bounds check, etc.) in programs supporting general pointers. Our approach is the first technique to provide such error checking using only constant-time operations. The scheme relies on fat pointers, whose size is contained within standard scalar sizes (up to two words) so that atomic hardware support for operations upon the pointers is obtained along with meaningful casts in-between pointers and other scalars. Optimized compilation of code becomes possible since the scalarized-for-free encoded pointers get register allocated and manipulated. Backward compatibility is enabled by the scalar pointer sizes, with novel automatic support provided for encoding and decoding of fat pointers in place for interaction with unprotected code (e.g. library binaries). Implementation and benchmarks of the technique over several applications of the memory-intensive Olden suite indicate that the average time overhead of our method is about half the time cost of an unprotected application's execution (
A Nash-Equilibrium Based Algorithm for Scheduling Jobs on a Grid Cluster (2007)

A distributed system such as a Grid environment needs an optimised scheduler that selects and allocates the most suitable resources for the execution of jobs that users submit. This paper proposes a novel scheduler, based on a microeconomic model. In the underlying model, several players submitting jobs compete to use resources and job allocation is determined by applying a Nash Equilibrium solution.
Sheath flow SERS for chemical profiling in urine (2016)

The molecular specificity and sensitivity of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) makes it an attractive method for biomedical diagnostics. Here we present results demonstrating the utility and complications for SERS characterization in urine. The chemical fingerprint characteristics of Raman spectra suggest its use as a label free diagnostic; however, the complex composition of biological fluids presents a tremendous challenge. In particular, the limited number of surface sites and competing absorption tend to mask the presence of analytes in solution, particularly when the solution contains multiple analytes. To address these problems and characterize biological fluids we have demonstrated a sheath-flow interface for SERS detection. This sheath-flow SERS interface uses hydrodynamic focusing to confine analyte molecules eluting out of a column onto a planar SERS substrate where the molecules are detected by their intrinsic SERS signal. In this report we compare the direct detection of benzoylecgonine in urine using DSERS with chemical profiling by capillary zone electrophoresis and sheath-flow SERS detection. The SERS spectrum from the observed migration peaks can identify benzoylecgonine and other distinct spectra are also observed, suggesting improved chemical diagnostics in urine. With over 2000 reported compounds in urine, identification of each of the detected species is an enormous task. Nonetheless, these samples provide a benchmark to establish the potential clinical utility of sheath-flow SERS detection.
Exploring high throughput computing paradigm for global routing (2011)

With aggressive technology scaling, the complexity of the global routing problem is poised to rapidly grow. Solving such a large computational problem demands a high throughput hardware platform such as modern Graphics Processing Units (GPU). In this work, we explore a hybrid GPU-CPU high-throughput computing environment as a scalable alternative to the traditional CPU-based router. We introduce Net Level Concurrency (NLC): a novel parallel model for router algorithms that aims to exploit concurrency at the level of individual nets. To efficiently uncover NLC, we design a Scheduler to create groups of nets that can be routed in parallel. At its core, our Scheduler employs a novel algorithm to dynamically analyze data dependencies between multiple nets. We believe such an algorithm can lay the foundation for uncovering data-level parallelism in routing: a necessary requirement for employing high throughput hardware. Detailed simulation results show an average of 4X speedup over NTHU-Route 2.0 with negligible loss in solution quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on utilizing GPUs for global routing.
A Soluble and Highly Conductive Ionomer for High‐Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2009)

Einfach besser: Das neue polymere Ionomer TPQPOH mit einer Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium-Einheit ist in einigen niedrig siedenden wasserlöslichen Lösungsmitteln ausgezeichnet löslich, zeigt eine hohe Ionenleitfähigkeit und ist im Alkalischen außerordentlich stabil. Eine Hydroxidaustausch-Membranbrennstoffzelle mit diesem Ionomer weist eine erhöhte Leistungsdichte und einen verringerten inneren Widerstand auf.
Real Time Control of Thermal Distortion During Pulsed Laser Welding of Optical Packages (1996)

This paper investigates a method to compensate for thermal distortions which occur during pulsed laser welding of optical packages. A control strategy, based on the use of a fast response piezo-actuator to maintain relative alignment between the fiber and the laser in the critical time period after application of the laser pulse and before cooling of the weld nugget is described.
Laboratory evolution reveals the metabolic and regulatory basis of ethylene glycol metabolism by <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440 (2019)

Pollution from ethylene glycol, and plastics containing this monomer, represent a significant environmental problem. The investigation of its microbial metabolism therefore provides insights into the environmental fate of this pollutant and also enables its utilization as a carbon source for microbial biotechnology. Here, we reveal the genomic and metabolic basis of ethylene glycol metabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Although this strain cannot grow on ethylene glycol as sole carbon source, it can be used to generate growth-enhancing reducing equivalents upon co-feeding with acetate. Mutants that utilize ethylene glycol as sole carbon source were isolated through adaptive laboratory evolution. Genomic analysis of these mutants revealed a central role of the transcriptional regulator GclR, which represses the glyoxylate carboligase pathway as part of a larger metabolic context of purine and allantoin metabolism. Secondary mutations in a transcriptional regulator encoded by PP_2046 and a porin encoded by PP_2662 further improved growth on ethylene glycol in evolved strains, likely by balancing fluxes through the initial oxidations of ethylene glycol to glyoxylate. With this knowledge, we reverse engineered an ethylene glycol utilizing strain and thus revealed the metabolic and regulatory basis that are essential for efficient ethylene glycol metabolism in P. putida KT2440.
<title>Hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensor array</title> (1995)

A nine element fiber Bragg grating sensor array is demonstrated utilizing a combination of wavelength and time division addressing techniques. This system utilized a pulsed broad-band source and a scanning Fabry-Perot element to recover sensor strain information from each of the FBG elements. By combining two multiplexing techniques, the potential number of FBG sensor elements that can be addressed is significantly increased.
Fiber Optic Sensors for Temperature Monitoring during Thermal Treatments: An Overview (2016)

During recent decades, minimally invasive thermal treatments (i.e., Radiofrequency ablation, Laser ablation, Microwave ablation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation, and Cryo-ablation) have gained widespread recognition in the field of tumor removal. These techniques induce a localized temperature increase or decrease to remove the tumor while the surrounding healthy tissue remains intact. An accurate measurement of tissue temperature may be particularly beneficial to improve treatment outcomes, because it can be used as a clear end-point to achieve complete tumor ablation and minimize recurrence. Among the several thermometric techniques used in this field, fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have several attractive features: high flexibility and small size of both sensor and cabling, allowing insertion of FOSs within deep-seated tissue; metrological characteristics, such as accuracy (better than 1 °C), sensitivity (e.g., 10 pm·°C(-1) for Fiber Bragg Gratings), and frequency response (hundreds of kHz), are adequate for this application; immunity to electromagnetic interference allows the use of FOSs during Magnetic Resonance- or Computed Tomography-guided thermal procedures. In this review the current status of the most used FOSs for temperature monitoring during thermal procedure (e.g., fiber Bragg Grating sensors; fluoroptic sensors) is presented, with emphasis placed on their working principles and metrological characteristics. The essential physics of the common ablation techniques are included to explain the advantages of using FOSs during these procedures.
Vasohibins/SVBP are tubulin carboxypeptidases (TCPs) that regulate neuron differentiation (2017)

Reversible detyrosination of α-tubulin is crucial to microtubule dynamics and functions, and defects have been implicated in cancer, brain disorganization, and cardiomyopathies. The identity of the tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TCP) responsible for detyrosination has remained unclear. We used chemical proteomics with a potent irreversible inhibitor to show that the major brain TCP is a complex of vasohibin-1 (VASH1) with the small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP). VASH1 and its homolog VASH2, when complexed with SVBP, exhibited robust and specific Tyr/Phe carboxypeptidase activity on microtubules. Knockdown of vasohibins or SVBP and/or inhibitor addition in cultured neurons reduced detyrosinated α-tubulin levels and caused severe differentiation defects. Furthermore, knockdown of vasohibins disrupted neuronal migration in developing mouse neocortex. Thus, vasohibin/SVBP complexes represent long-sought TCP enzymes.
Automatic control of excitation parameters for switched-reluctance motor drives (2003)

This paper presents a new approach to the automatic control of the turn-on angle used to excite the switched-reluctance motor (SRM). The control algorithm determines the turn-on angle that supports the most efficient operation of the motor drive system, and consists of two pieces. The first piece of the control technique monitors the position of the first peak of the phase current (/spl theta//sub p/) and seeks to align this position with the angle where the inductance begins to increase (/spl theta//sub p/). The second piece of the controller monitors the peak phase current and advances the turn-on angle if the commanded reference current cannot be produced by the controller. The first piece of the controller tends to be active below base speed of the SRM, where phase currents can be built easily by the inverter and /spl theta//sub p/ is relatively independent of /spl theta//sub m/. The second piece of the controller is active above base speed, where the peak of the phase currents tends to naturally occur at /spl theta//sub m/, regardless of the current amplitude. The two pieces of the controller naturally exchange responsibility as a result of a change in command or operating point. The motor, inverter and control system are modeled in Simulink to demonstrate the operation of the system. The control technique is then applied to an experimental SRM system. Experimental operation documents that the technique provides for efficient operation of the drive.
Sensors & Algorithms for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Glucose Prediction Algorithms from Continuous Monitoring Data: Assessment of Accuracy via Continuous Glucose Error-Grid Analysis (2007)

Aim
The aim of this article was to use continuous glucose error-grid analysis (CG-EGA) to assess the accuracy of two time-series modeling methodologies recently developed to predict glucose levels ahead of time using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data.
Enzymatic Separation of <scp>L</scp>‐Leucine and <scp>L</scp>‐Isoleucine (1983)

Enzymatische Trennung von L —Leucin und L ,/‐Isoleucin Die in ihren chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften sehr ähnlichen Aminosäuren L ‐Leucin und L ‐Isoleucin können getrennt werden, indem ein Gemisch dieser beiden Substanzen zu einer Mischung aus N ‐Acetyl‐ L ‐leucin und N ‐Acetyl‐ L ‐isoleucin acetyliert wird und diese Mischung bei neutralem pH‐Wert einer substratselektiven Hydrolyse unter Einfluß von Nierenacylase unter‐worfen wird. Dieses Verfahren erlaubt die Herstellung von hochreinem L ‐Leucin. Aus der Mutterlauge wird unverändertes N ‐Acetyl‐ L ‐isoleucin in einer Reinheit von 90–93% gewonnen. Hydrolyse mit Salzsäure und fraktionierende Kristallisation als Hydrochloridsalz erlaubt die Herstellung von reinem L ‐Isoleucin.
Fabrication of a microfluidic cell analyzer in a microchannel using impedance spectroscopy (2002)

The design, fabrication techniques and characterization of an on-chip flow-cytometer device as well as the packaging approach is described. The device consists of planar microelectrodes situated on one or both sides of a micro-channel connected to an electronic detection circuitry. Simulations of the cells effect on the channel impedance are presented and compared with real measurements. Efforts have particularly been focused on realizing an interconnecting setup to provide easy electrical and fluidic connections, to allow good monitoring and easy handling of the chip. The authors' cell analyzer is aimed at diagnostic applications for cell counting and separation in hematology (blood cells, leukocytes and reticulocytes). Another possible application is a micro-cell sorter that can be used to separate abnormal cell types that are present in samples at very low number such as cancer cells (cancer cytology).
Modeling and Simulation of Annular Pressure Buildup APB Management Using Syntactic Foam in HP/HT Deepwater Wells (2016)

Abstract Annular pressure buildup (APB) in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) deepwater wells can result in wellbore failure, even during drill-ahead operations. Manufactured to collapse at a specific pressure and installed on the external casing wall, syntactic foam is an economical solution to mitigate APB and protect casing strings in offshore HP/HT wells. This paper focuses on the modeling and simulation of the effects of syntactic foam deformation on APB in casing/tubing annuli. Syntactic foam is a composite material synthesized by filling a polymer, metal, or ceramic matrix with hollow glass microspheres (HGMSs). Under increasing hydrostatic pressure (HCP), the behavior of the foam material can be described using a HCP-strain curve typically consisting of three regions: linear elastic, plateau, and densification. A multisection linear model was established to express the volumetric strain vs. HCP relationship, which significantly simplifies the APB calculation while still ensuring sufficient accuracy. Analytical correlations were developed for the elastic compressibility and collapse pressure vs. temperature, which can generate feed-in data for the multisection linear model when only limited datasets are available. A workflow was developed for the simulation of syntactic foam effects on APB in HP/HT wells. The syntactic foam models were implemented and integrated into a commercial casing and tubing design software platform. In a simplified example well, numerical simulation results were found to be consistent with the results from analytical calculation. In a case study of an offshore HP/HT well, numerical simulation demonstrates that syntactic foam is a viable and effective option for APB management. Combined with thermal flow and APB simulators, the implementation of the syntactic foam models enables more accurate casing/tubing load analyses. APB simulation including the effects of syntactic foam can provide valuable information to assist well design engineers in the design of HP/HT deepwater wells with long-term well integrity.
Industrial Online Raw Materials Analyzer Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2014)

From its inception, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been recognized as a prospective tool for online process control. Nevertheless, it took considerable time and effort to transform this potential opportunity into application in a working industrial system, such as the mining industry, under real-life conditions and a 24/7 operating mode. There were three main attributes of LIBS to prove: its advantage over other online techniques, mainly prompt gamma neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence; its ability to give relevant data despite its surface but not volume analytical abilities; and its ability to be sufficiently accurate for online process control needs. Comparison of the quantitative results gained from industrial installations of an LIBS analyzer with results of conventional analytical methods and, most importantly, the substantial improvement of the technological process effectiveness proved that LIBS is in fact an excellent technique for online process control in the mining industry.
Example-driven design of efficient record matching queries (2007)

Record matching is the task of identifying records that match the same real world entity. This is a problem of great significance for a variety of business intelligence applications. Implementations of record matching rely on exact as well as approximate string matching (e.g., edit distances) and use of external reference data sources. Record matching can be viewed as a query composed of a small set of primitive operators. However, formulating such record matching queries is difficult and depends on the specific application scenario. Specifically, the number of options both in terms of string matching operations as well as the choice of external sources can be daunting. In this paper, we exploit the availability of positive and negative examples to search through this space and suggest an initial record matching query. Such queries can be subsequently modified by the programmer as needed. We ensure that the record matching queries our approach produces are (1) efficient: these queries can be run on large datasets by leveraging operations that are well-supported by RDBMSs, and (2) explainable: the queries are easy to understand so that they may be modified by the programmer with relative ease. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several real-world datasets. 1.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (1999)

Destruction of extracellular matrices is a requisite process in a number of pathophysiological conditions which include but are not limited to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, corneal ulceration, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, periodontal disease, and cancer. A necessary biochemical contribution to this process is proteolytic scission by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [1]. In response to stimuli, these enzymes are endogenously regulated at several biochemical sites and interference at one or more points in the MMP cascade provides therapeutic opportunities to address the aforementioned conditions. Strategies for modulation of MMPs are at the level of induction (affect inducer by functional inhibitor, by receptor antagonist, at signal transduction), production (block transcription, secretion or release), zymogen activation (inhibit activating enzyme or directly prevent conversion of pro- to active form), and enzymatic activity (augment production of TIMPs or inhibition by small molecules). Though all of these strategies have been pursued, direct inhibition by synthetic agents which bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme is a particularly attractive approach. The target molecules can be designed to address chemical properties (diversity, novelty, new paradigms, scale-up, stability, solubility), biochemical features (potency, selectivity, enzyme kinetics), and pharmacological attributes (oral bioavailability, duration, metabolism). Furthermore, as a downstream target, the potential to attenuate specific biochemical processes in the presence of others and thus to minimize potential side-effects, is improved (Fig. 1).
Techniques for ceramic sintering using microwave energy (1987)

The use of microwave energy for ceramic sintering offers exciting new possibilities for materials processing. Based on experience gathered in microwave processing associated with the heating of fusion plasmas, we have developed hardware and methods for uniformly heating ceramic parts of large volume and irregular shape to temperatures in excess of 1600°C, in vacuum or pressurized atmosphere. Microwave processing at 28 GHz yields enhanced densification rates with a corresponding reduction in sintering temperatures.
Effects of Light Backscattering on Injection-Locking Conditions in Strongly Injection-Locked Whistle-Geometry Semiconductor Ring Lasers (2023)

We investigate the impact of light backscattering between the two counterpropagating modes on injection-locking conditions in strongly injection-locked unidirectional whistle-geometry semiconductor microring lasers and on their high-speed modulation performance.