gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Innovative ShoeMounted Pedestrian Navigation System (2003)

The recent development of compact, inexpensive sensors makes it possible to apply self-contained sensor-only navigation techniques for pedestrian motion. Previous research efforts have employed gyroscopes and magnetic compasses to determine system orientation, and have used accelerometers for step detection and stride length estimation. To simplify the problem of determining the orientation of the Sensor Frame with respect to the User Frame, previous systems have fixed the sensors to the user’s torso. In this paper, the performance of a novel shoe-mounted sensor solution is compared to solutions from GPS and torso-mounted sensors. The proposed dead-reckoning navigation system applies an array of accelerometers and magneto-resistive sensors worn on the subject’s shoe. Measurement of the foot&apos;s acceleration allows the precise identification of separate stride segments, thus providing improved stride length estimation. The system relies on identifying the stance phase to resolve the sensor attitude and determine the step heading. Performance metrics include accuracy of step detection, foot angle, foot velocity, stride length estimation and heading with respect to a high accuracy reference trajectory. 1
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the augmenter of liver regeneration (2000)

Abstract: A novel grow.th factor termed augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) coptaining an N-terrninal histidine tag has been expressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals diffract to beyond 2 A, belong to space group 141 with a= 99.8A and c = 113.4A, and have four molecules per asymmetric unit. Cadmium proved essential to the crystallization of the protein and the positions of four cadmium atoms have been determined by Bijvoet difference Patterson analysis. A possible role for cadmium stabilization of the his-tagged protein lattice is discussed.
Simultaneous Quantification of the Interplay Between Molecular Turnover and Cell Mechanics by AFM–FRAP (2019)

Quantifying the adaptive mechanical behavior of living cells is essential for the understanding of their inner working and function. Yet, despite the establishment of quantitative methodologies correlating independent measurements of cell mechanics and its underlying molecular kinetics, explicit evidence and knowledge of the sensitivity of the feedback mechanisms of cells controlling their adaptive mechanics behavior remains elusive. Here, a combination of atomic force microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is introduced offering simultaneous quantification and direct correlation of molecule kinetics and mechanics in living cells. Systematic application of this optomechanical atomic force microscopy-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching platform reveals changes in the actin turnover and filament lengths of ventral actin stress fibers in response to constant mechanical force at the apical actin cortex with a dynamic range from 0.1 to 10 nN, highlighting a direct relationship of active mechanosensation and adaptation of the cellular actin cytoskeleton. Simultaneous quantification of the relationship between molecule kinetics and cell mechanics may thus open-up unprecedented insights into adaptive mechanobiological mechanisms of cells.
<title>Distributed picture compilation demonstration</title> (2004)

A physical demonstration of distributed surveillance and tracking is described. The demonstration environment is an outdoor car park overlooked by a system of four rooftop cameras. The cameras extract moving objects from the scene, and these objects are tracked in a decentralized way, over a real communication network, using the information form of the standard Kalman filter. Each node therefore has timely access to the complete global picture and because there is no single point of failure in the system, it is robust. The demonstration system and its main components are described here, with an emphasis on some of the lessons we have learned as a result of applying a corpus of distributed data fusion theory and algorithms in practice. Initial results are presented and future plans to scale up the network are also outlined.
Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Patterned Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystal Sensors for High‐Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Tetracycline (2015)

A hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterned molecularly imprinted (MIP) photonic crystal (PC) sensor is fabricated for highly sensitive tetracycline detection. The relationship between the tetracycline concentration, its corresponding color of the sensor, and the diameter of MIP-PC dot is found using a fan-shaped color card. This work provides a new strategy to design the sensors with tunable detection ranges for practical applications.
Depth Recovery from Light Field Using Focal Stack Symmetry (2015)

We describe a technique to recover depth from a light field (LF) using two proposed features of the LF focal stack. One feature is the property that non-occluding pixels exhibit symmetry along the focal depth dimension centered at the in-focus slice. The other is a data consistency measure based on analysis-by-synthesis, i.e., the difference between the synthesized focal stack given the hypothesized depth map and that from the LF. These terms are used in an iterative optimization framework to extract scene depth. Experimental results on real Lytro and Raytrix data demonstrate that our technique outperforms state-of-the-art solutions and is significantly more robust to noise and under-sampling.
A study of heat sink performance in air and soil for use in a thermoelectric energy harvesting device (2003)

A suggested application of a thermoelectric generator is to exploit the natural temperature difference between the air and the soil to generate small amounts of electrical energy. Since the conversion efficiency of even the best thermoelectric generators available is very low, the performance of the heat sinks providing the heat flow is critical. By providing a constant heat input to various heat sinks, field tests of their thermal conductances in soil and in air were performed. A prototype device without a thermoelectric generator was constructed, buried, and monitored to experimentally measure the heat flow achievable in such a system. Theoretical considerations for design and selection of improved heat sinks are also presented. In particular, the method of shape factor analysis is used to give rough estimates and upper bounds for the thermal conductance of a passive heat sink buried in soil.
Clinical utility of apparent diffusion coefficient values obtained using high b‐value when diagnosing prostate cancer using 3 tesla MRI: Comparison between ultra‐high b‐value (2000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>) and standard high b‐value (1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>) (2012)

For 3T MRI, ADCs using b = 0,2000 are more accurate than b = 0,1000 for diagnosing PZ cancer, and as accurate for TZ cancer.
Radar and Communication Coexistence: An Overview: A Review of Recent Methods (2019)

Increased amounts of bandwidth are required to guarantee both high-quality/high-rate wireless services (4G and 5G) and reliable sensing capabilities, such as for automotive radar, air traffic control, earth geophysical monitoring, and security applications. Therefore, coexistence between radar and communication systems using overlapping bandwidths has come to be a primary investigation field in recent years. Various signal processing techniques, such as interference mitigation, precoding or spatial separation, and waveform design, allow both radar and communications to share the spectrum.
Statin Therapy Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in Patients with Infection (2009)

Patients who were admitted to the hospital with infection and received statin therapy while hospitalized had a significantly lower in-hospital mortality compared to patients who did not receive a statin.
Eight-Color Multiplex Immunohistochemistry for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Immune Checkpoint Molecules within the Tumor Microenvironment (2017)

Therapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have advanced the field of cancer immunotherapy. New mAbs targeting different immune checkpoint molecules, such as TIM3, CD27, and OX40, are being developed and tested in clinical trials. To make educated decisions and design new combination treatment strategies, it is vital to learn more about coexpression of both inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoints on individual cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances in multiple immunolabeling and multispectral imaging have enabled simultaneous analysis of more than three markers within a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section, with accurate cell discrimination and spatial information. However, multiplex immunohistochemistry with a maximized number of markers presents multiple difficulties. These include the primary Ab concentrations and order within the multiplex panel, which are of major importance for the staining result. In this article, we report on the development, optimization, and application of an eight-color multiplex immunohistochemistry panel, consisting of PD-1, PD-L1, OX40, CD27, TIM3, CD3, a tumor marker, and DAPI. This multiplex panel allows for simultaneous quantification of five different immune checkpoint molecules on individual cells within different tumor types. This analysis revealed major differences in the immune checkpoint expression patterns across tumor types and individual tumor samples. This method could ultimately, by characterizing the tumor microenvironment of patients who have been treated with different immune checkpoint modulators, form the rationale for the design of immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy in the future.
Etoposide Induces Necrosis Through p53-Mediated Antiapoptosis in Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells (2015)

The p53 protein is an important transcription factor that modulates signaling pathways for both cell death and survival. Its antiapoptotic mechanisms that correlate with necrotic and apoptotic cell death are not well understood. Here, we report that etoposide promotes progression of the DNA damage response as well as necrotic morphological changes including plasma membrane rupture using carbon nanotube-tipped/atomic force microscopy (CNT/AFM) probes in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. Inhibition of p53 abrogated cell cycle arrest and led to a decrease in the expression levels of repair proteins that were induced by DNA damage. Mitochondrial biogenesis and cytosolic production of reactive oxygen species were also reduced after p53 inhibition; the latter change induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which triggered the activation of caspase 3. Inhibition of p53 also led to a loss of cell adhesion and converted necrotic cell death to apoptotic cell death, with appreciable cell shrinkage and appearance of apoptotic bodies that were observed using CNT/AFM probes. Thus, our study demonstrated that p53 protects against apoptosis, and leads to etoposide-induced necrosis. These results are expected to aid in the understanding of mechanism of antiapoptosis and its relationship to cell death.
Ein Oberländer-Hosenlupf in Smyrna 1864 (1991)

Den Ostermontag 1856 feierten auch die in Smyrna garnisonierenden Schweizertruppen durch Aufführung der im Heimatlande üblichen Kampfspiele. Wohl noch nie wurde außerhalb des vaterländischen Bodens ein schweizerisches Nationalfest abgehalten, das den Charakter unserer Volksfeste so unverfälscht an sich trug, wie dieses. Das Berner Oberland, das Emmental und das Entlibuch hatten ihre Kontingente so reichlich zu unsern Regimentern gestellt, daß sich Schwinger und Steinstoßer genugsam vorfanden, um den Smyrnioten ein lebendiges Bild von unsern Nationalübungen zu geben.
Persistent vascular normalization as an alternative goal of anti‐angiogenic cancer therapy (2011)

Angiogenesis is recognized as one of the principal hallmarks of cancers. Cancers contain newly formed immature vessels devoid of firm coverage by pericytes. Several drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor signals are now in clinical use for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment. Those drugs transiently normalize tumor vessels and ultimately provoke vascular regression. This regression causes tumor hypoxia, which could trigger certain cancer cells to become more invasive and metastatic. Normalized vessels do not induce tumor hypoxia, and may protect from cancer cell intravasation and enhance anticancer treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, or immune therapy. Thus, persistent vascular normalization could be an alternative goal of anti-angiogenic cancer treatment.
Minimal Functional Sites Allow a Classification of Zinc Sites in Proteins (2011)

Zinc is indispensable to all forms of life as it is an essential component of many different proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes. Not differently from other metals, zinc in proteins can play different roles that depend on the features of the metal-binding site. In this work, we describe zinc sites in proteins with known structure by means of three-dimensional templates that can be automatically extracted from PDB files and consist of the protein structure around the metal, including the zinc ligands and the residues in close spatial proximity to the ligands. This definition is devised to intrinsically capture the features of the local protein environment that can affect metal function, and corresponds to what we call a minimal functional site (MFS). We used MFSs to classify all zinc sites whose structures are available in the PDB and combined this classification with functional annotation as available in the literature. We classified 77% of zinc sites into ten clusters, each grouping zinc sites with structures that are highly similar, and an additional 16% into seven pseudo-clusters, each grouping zinc sites with structures that are only broadly similar. Sites where zinc plays a structural role are predominant in eight clusters and in two pseudo-clusters, while sites where zinc plays a catalytic role are predominant in two clusters and in five pseudo-clusters. We also analyzed the amino acid composition of the coordination sphere of zinc as a function of its role in the protein, highlighting trends and exceptions. In a period when the number of known zinc proteins is expected to grow further with the increasing awareness of the cellular mechanisms of zinc homeostasis, this classification represents a valuable basis for structure-function studies of zinc proteins, with broad applications in biochemistry, molecular pharmacology and de novo protein design.
MicroRNA-27a/b controls endothelial cell repulsion and angiogenesis by targeting semaphorin 6A (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miR-27 is expressed in endothelial cells, but the specific functions of miR-27b and its family member miR-27a are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-27a and miR-27b significantly increased endothelial cell sprouting. Inhibition of both miR-27a and miR-27b impaired endothelial cell sprout formation and induced endothelial cell repulsion in vitro. In vivo, inhibition of miR-27a/b decreased the number of perfused vessels in Matrigel plugs and impaired embryonic vessel formation in zebrafish. Mechanistically, miR-27 regulated the expression of the angiogenesis inhibitor semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) in vitro and in vivo and targeted the 3'-untranslated region of SEMA6A. Silencing of SEMA6A partially reversed the inhibition of endothelial cell sprouting and abrogated the repulsion of endothelial cells mediated by miR-27a/b inhibition, indicating that SEMA6A is a functionally relevant miR-27 downstream target regulating endothelial cell repulsion. In summary, we show that miR-27a/b promotes angiogenesis by targeting the angiogenesis inhibitor SEMA6A, which controls repulsion of neighboring endothelial cells.
Autonomous rendezvous using artificial potential function guidance (1995)

A novel methodology has been developed for the guidance and control of a maneuvering chase vehicle undergoing terminal rendezvous in the presence of path constraints and multiple obstructions. The method hinges on defining a suitable scalar function which represents an artificial potential field describing the locality of the target vehicle. Using a set of bounded impulses the chase vehicle is guided by the local topology of this potential function. Obstructions and path constraints are introduced by superimposing regions of high potential around these regions. Exact, analytical expressions are then obtained for the required control impulse magnitude, direction and switching times using the second method of Lyapunov. These control impulses ensure that the potential function monotonically decreases so that convergence of the chaser to the target is ensured analytically, without violating the path constraints. Since the components of the potential and control impulses may be represented analytically, the method appears suitable for autonomous, real-time control of complex maneuvers with a minimum of onboard computational power.
The Glucose/Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Cycle in the Periportal and Perivenous Zone of Rat Liver (1982)

Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes contain different activities (V) of antagonistic key enzymes such as glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. In order to get an insight into the metabolism of the periportal and perivenous area the flux rates (v) of the glucose/glucose-6-phosphate cycle were calculated on the basis of the Michaelis-Menten equation using the measured zonal concentrations of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate, the zonal activities of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase previously reported and the half-saturating substrate concentrations (Km) of the two enzymes found in the literature. The concentrations of glucose were obtained as a first approximation by measuring the concentrations in portal (= periportal) and hepatovenous (= perivenous) blood; those of glucose 6-phosphate were calculated from the levels determined in microdissected periportal and perivenous liver tissue. The calculations showed (a) that the overall cycling rates agreed remarkably well with those reported for intact animals and (b) that during a normal feeding rhythm the periportal zone should catalyze net glucose output and the perivenous zone should mediate net glucose uptake, as proposed by the model of 'metabolic zonation'.
Hyperpigmentation of the Skin Following Chloroquine Treatment – Case Series Report (2005)

In this article, we are collectively presenting case reports of 15\npatients who developed pigmentary changes of the skin and mucus\nmembrane during the course of chloroquine therapy for connective tissue\ndisorders. These female patients developed hyper pigmentation of the\nskin, largely on the exposed parts of the body. The pigmentary changes\nvaried from brownish/ grayish/ bluish-black in color, patchy or\ndiffuse, intense or mild. The shortest time lag between onset of\nchloroquine therapy and development of pigmentary changes was 3 months.\nThe patients should be informed about this cosmetically important toxic\neffect of chloroquine and advised to avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
Titanium Niobium Oxide: From Discovery to Application in Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries are essential for portable technology and are now poised to disrupt a century of combustion-based transportation. The electrification revolution could eliminate our reliance on fossil fuels and enable a clean energy future; advanced batteries would facilitate this transition. However, owing to the demanding performance, cost, and safety requirements, it is challenging to translate new materials from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale products. This Perspective describes that journey for a new lithium-ion battery anode material, TiNb2O7 (TNO). TNO is intended as an alternative to graphite or Li4Ti5O12 with better rate and safety characteristics than the former and higher energy density than the latter. The high capacity of TNO stems from the multielectron redox of Nb5+ to Nb3+, its operating voltage window well above the Li+/Li reduction potential prevents lithium dendrite formation, and its open crystal structure leads to high-power performance. Nevertheless, the creation of a practical TNO anode was nonlinear and nontrivial. Its history is built on 30 years of fundamental science that preceded its application as a battery anode, and its battery development included a nearly 30-year gap. The insights and lessons contained in this Perspective, many of them acquired firsthand, serve two purposes: (i) to unite the disparate studies of TiNb2O7 into a coherent modern understanding relevant to its application as a battery material and (ii) to highlight briefly some of the challenges faced when scaling up a new material that affect TiNb2O7 as well as new electrode candidates more generally.
Chemical and physical modification of proteins by the hydroxide ion (1983)

Proteins are exposed to alkaline conditions during solubilization and/or purification, during food storage and processing, in removal of toxic constituents, and for characterization. During alkali treatment, there are changes in solubility and aggregation, hydrolysis, elimination reactions involving the side chains of certain amino acids, racemization of amino acid residues, addition of compounds to proteins, fragmentation of the peptide chain, as well as modification or elimination of nonprotein constituents. The rates of these reactions are affected by pH, temperature, cations (in some cases), ionic strength (in some cases), protein concentration, and to some extent by the specific nature of the protein. The general mechanisms and stoichiometry of these reactions are described. Other constituents of high protein foods also undergo reactions in alkaline solutions and the products of these reactions may in turn react with proteins. We have described the effect of alkali on enediol formation and fragmentation of carbohydrates, the hydrolysis of lipids in alkaline solution and effect on rate of peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the oxidation of amino acid residues, especially methionine, the oxidation of phenols to benzoquinones, and the catalytic effect of metal ions in alkaline solutions. Alkali treatment is also used in the specific modification of proteins to distinguish between O-glycosyl and amide-linked glycosyl groups, to effect specific cleavage of peptide bonds via beta elimination, in the formation of anhydrotrypsin, anhydrochymotrypsin, anhydrosubtilisin and thiol-subtilisin, and in formation of intrachain crosslinking in proteins.
Solid solubilities in transition-metal-based f.c.c. alloys (1985)

A new method for estimating the solubility limit of the terminal solid solution in transition-metal-based alloys has been developed on the basis of discretevariational DV-Xα cluster calculations of electronic structure. In this method, a parameter Md, which is the average energy level of the d Orbitals of the alloying transition metal, is successfully introduced as a new parameter relevant to phase stability. This parameter involves both electronegativity and atomic size, two parameters used in the classical approach by Darken and Gurry (1953). The validity of the proposed method is shown by the examination of about 25 ternary phase diagrams at various temperatures. Compared to the previous methods developed by Hume-Rothery et al. (1934), Darken and Gurry (1953) and Chelikowsky (1979), the present method is found to be more quantitative for the estimation of solid solubilities in austenitic alloys containing transition metals. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated through its successful application to alloy design of Ni-, Co-and Fe-based superalloys. Several problems inherent in alloy design based on the electron vacancy concept are solved by using the present approach.