gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and Mechanistic Studies of the Hydrolysis of Diisocyanate-Derived Bis-thiocarbamates of Cysteine Methyl Ester (2006)

Diisocyanates (dNCOs) are the most commonly reported cause of chemically induced occupational asthma, but the ultimate antigenic form is unknown. Reactions of the three most common monomeric dNCOs, hexamethylene dNCO (HDI), methylene diphenylisocyanate (MDI), and toluene dNCO (TDI), with cysteine methyl ester (CME) gave the corresponding bis-dithiocarbamates (HDI-CME, TDI-CME, and MDI-CME). The dissociation kinetics of these bis-thiocarbamates, in aqueous conditions, was followed spectrophotometrically under varying pH and temperature conditions. Reaction of the adducts with methylamine or human serum albumin (HSA) produced diurea, monourea, and diamine products, and this was consistent with the base-catalyzed elimination reaction (E1cB) pathway being the dominant, but not exclusive, dissociation mechanism. The hydrolysis of the adducts was first-order with respect to OH(-) concentration and overall second-order (HDI-CME, k = 3.36 x 10(2) M(-)(1) min(-)(1); TDI-CME, k = 2.49 x 10(4) M(-)(1) min(-)(1); and MDI-CME, k = 5.78 x 10(4) M(-)(1) min(-)(1) at pH 7.4) with deviation from second-order when the dNCO had an aromatic functional group. Arrhenius plots gave activation energies (HDI-CME, E(a) = 70.6 kJ/mol; TDI-CME, E(a) = 46.1 kJ/mol; and MDI-CME, E(a) = 44.5 kJ/mol) that were consistent with the following order of stability: HDI-CME > TDI-CME > MDI-CME. Therefore, the stability of different dNCO-derived thiocarbamates in aqueous environments can vary greatly. Thiocarbamate dissociation rates and type of products formed may potentially influence antigenicity and subsequent hypersensitivity/toxic reactions following dNCO exposures.
Single Day Construction of Multigene Circuits with 3G Assembly (2018)

The ability to rapidly design, build, and test prototypes is of key importance to every engineering discipline. DNA assembly often serves as a rate limiting step of the prototyping cycle for synthetic biology. Recently developed DNA assembly methods such as isothermal assembly and type IIS restriction enzyme systems take different approaches to accelerate DNA construction. We introduce a hybrid method, Golden Gate-Gibson (3G), that takes advantage of modular part libraries introduced by type IIS restriction enzyme systems and isothermal assembly's ability to build large DNA constructs in single pot reactions. Our method is highly efficient and rapid, facilitating construction of entire multigene circuits in a single day. Additionally, 3G allows generation of variant libraries enabling efficient screening of different possible circuit constructions. We characterize the efficiency and accuracy of 3G assembly for various construct sizes, and demonstrate 3G by characterizing variants of an inducible cell-lysis circuit.
Thomson scattering of intense lasers from electron beams at arbitrary interaction angles (1995)

Analysis of nonlinear Thomson scattering of intense lasers from relativistic electron beams is extended to describe off-axis scattering geometries. Electron trajectories are calculated for the case of a plane electromagnetic wave of arbitrary intensity, either circularly or linearly polarized, interacting with a relativistic electron beam at an arbitrary interaction angle. The trajectories are used to derive analytic expressions for the intensity distribution of the scattered radiation. These expressions are valid in the nonlinear regime (arbitrary laser intensity) and include the generation of harmonics. The effect of interaction angle on the intensity distribution is discussed and spectra are plotted numerically for the specific cases of head-on and transverse scattering. The dependence of x-ray frequency, pulse duration, and photon flux on interaction geometry are also examined. Applications to the laser synchrotron source are discussed. There are potential advantages of both head-on and transverse interaction geometries: head-on scattering results in the generation of higher frequencies and higher photon fluxes; normal incidence scattering can result in ultrashort x-ray pulses.
Permeability of the blood‐milk barrier to methylene blue in cows and goats (1984)

A 2% aqueous solution of methylene blue was administered as a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection (10 mg/kg) to six lactating cows and seven lactating goats and a continuous i.v. drip to five lactating goats. The same dose was administered as a 10% solution by intramammary infusion to five lactating goats. Blood and milk samples collected at various times after these treatments were assayed for the drug by a colorimetric method. Methylene blue, a highly charged molecule (pKa less than or equal to 1), passed readily from blood into milk; drug concentrations in milk 4-36 h after the single i.v. bolus injection were higher than those in blood. When examined at constant methylene blue levels in blood, a milk--blood ratio of 5:1 was observed. After intramammary infusion, the drug passed quickly into systemic circulation, peaked at 3 h and was still detectable in blood 12 h after infusion. The drug appeared in the urine within 15 min after intramammary infusion. The rapid movement of the drug across the blood--milk barrier cannot be explained on the basis of its known physicochemical properties or according to the pH--pKa passive diffusion concept.
A New Year (1975)

Libraries in its two formats-a bimonthly technical journal with eleven monthly News issues-is the basic medium for professional communication among librarians in our colleges, universities, and research institutions.In its role as the official journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries, the periodical also has a special mission in sharing with academic and research librarians reports on the ongoing work of ACRL.Recent issues of the News with statements on standards for college libraries and guidelines for branch libraries bear testimony to the importance of ACRL in the maintenance and improvement of library service.This new year also brings a changed dues schedule for the American Library Association.Under this schedule, voted by the membership last year, members through annual dues of thirty-five dollars will have a basic membership in ALA.No longer do we check off our "two divisions"; instead, we are obliged to make specific choices of the divisions we join and then support those choices with additional dues.A recent sample survey of ALA members has indicated that each division will probably lose a substantial number of its members because of the changed dues structure.Already it appears some planning is underway on how to curtail division programs because of lessened financial support.We have the opportunity in ACRL to prove the error of this survey and to indicate through our membership that ACRL will flourish.As the pages of College & Research Libraries show, the programs of ACRL are many and worthwhile; ACRL deserves our support so that it may remain the national spokesman for college, university, and research librarians.A major program of ACRL is publication, and this journal is the principal example of that program.It is a tangible benefit of membership, and the present editorial staff is devoted to its continued improvement.We begin 1975 with optimism and commitment to ACRL and ALA.
[Significance of p53 gene mutation and P53 protein expression abnormality on the prognosis of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis study]. (2004)

Findings showed that p53 was a poor prognosis biomarker for esophageal cancer gene diagnosis but might benefit to the strategy of treatment.
Antiemetic action of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2002)

In the last two decades, there have been considerable advances in our understanding of emetic circuits and the mechanisms by which chemotherapeutics produce emesis. Cancer chemotherapy is often accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting, which can lead to refusal or delay of treatment by patients. A number of different classes of antiemetics have been employed clinically to control chemotherapy-induced emesis. These include: dopamine D2 antagonists (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), cannabinoids, corticosteroids, substituted benzamides, serotonin 5-HT3-and tachykinin NK1-antagonists. Of these, serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists appear to be most effective for the prevention of the acute phase of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Recent clinical trials suggest that NK1 antagonists have broadspectrum antiemetic properties controlling both the acute and delayed phases of emesis in cancer patients.
The role of the c-Met pathway in lung cancer and the potential for targeted therapy (2011)

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), the product of the MET gene, plays an important role in normal cellular function and oncogenesis. In cancer, HGFR has been implicated in cellular proliferation, cell survival, invasion, cell motility, metastasis and angiogenesis. Activation of HGFR can occur through binding to its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), overexpression/amplification, mutation, and/or decreased degradation. Amplification of HGFR can occur de novo or in resistance to therapy. Mutations of HGFR have been described in the tyrosine kinase domain, juxtamembrane domain, or semaphorin domain in a number of tumors. These mutations appear to have gain of function, and also reflect differential sensitivity to therapeutic inhibition. There have been various drugs developed to target HGFR, including antibodies to HGFR/HGF, small-molecule inhibitors against the tyrosine kinase domain of HGFR and downstream targets. Different HGFR inhibitors are currently in clinical trials in lung cancer and a number of solid tumors. Several phase I trials have already been completed, and two specific trials have been reported combining HGFR with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. In particular, trials involving MetMAb and ARQ197 (tivantinib) have gained interest. Ultimately, as individualized therapies become a reality for cancers, HGFR will be an important molecular target.
Approximating Fractional Multicommodity Flow Independent of the Number of Commodities (2000)

We describe fully polynomial time approximation schemes for various multicommodity flow problems in graphs with m edges and n vertices. We present the first approximation scheme for maximum multicommodity flow that is independent of the number of commodities k, and our algorithm improves upon the run time of previous algorithms by this factor of k, running in ${{\cal O}^*(\epsilon^{-2}m^2)}$ time. For maximum concurrent flow and minimum cost concurrent flow, we present algorithms that are faster than the current known algorithms when the graph is sparse or the number of commodities k is large, i.e., k > m/n. Our algorithms build on the framework proposed by Garg and Könemann [Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE, New York, 1998, pp. 300--309]. They are simple, deterministic, and for the versions without costs, they are strongly polynomial. The approximation guarantees are obtained by comparison with dual feasible solutions found by our algorithm. Our maximum multicommodity flow algorithm extends to an approximation scheme for the maximum weighted multicommodity flow, which is faster than those implied by previous algorithms by a factor of k/log W, where W is the maximum weight of a commodity.
Isolation and Characterisation of 2-Tert-butyl-8-hydroxyquinoline as a Crystalline Solid and Its Blue Fluorescent Li Complex (2014)

2-Tert-butyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (2-TB-8-hq) has been isolated as a crystalline solid and its X-ray structure elucidated, resolving three decades of controversy, since it was previously wrongly reported as yellow oil by some other workers. An improved synthetic method has been developed which increases the yield from 20% to 60%. The lithium complex of 2-TB-8-hq is blue emitting and the HOMO and LUMO levels are lowered by 0.86 eV and 0.74 eV, respectively, compared with the parent lithium 8-hydroxyquinolinolate (Li 8-hq).
Dye Film Dosimetry for Radiation Processing (1981)

Commercially available plastic films containing dyes or dye precursors are convenient dosimeters and imaging media for electron beams or photons used for industrial radiation processing. As "grainless" imaging systems having thicknesses down to a few micrometers, they provide high spatial resolution for determining detailed absorbed dose distributions through microdensitometric analysis. The radiation absorption properties of these systems are adjusted by changing film composition so that the dosimeter materials can be made to simulate the material of interest undergoing irradiation (e.g., tissue, bone, various insulating materials, semiconductor devices, and a wide assortment of polymers). Other advantages include long-term stability, dose-rate independence, and ease of use and calibration. Radiochromic dye films with thicknesses varying from 0.005 to 1 mm are presently used to monitor electron-beam or gamma-ray doses from 10 to 105, Gy (103 to 107 rad), typical of those encountered in medical applications, radiation curing of polymeric composites, wire and cable insulation, shrinkable plastic tubing and film, as well as sterilization of medical supplies and treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. An NBS calibration service to industry involves the traceability of standard 60Co gamma ray absorbed dose measurements by means of these films employed as transfer standards.
Nutzung der Windenergie (2005)

Die Anwendung der Windenergie zur Elektrizitätsversorgung bringt eine Verbreiterung der Energiebasis und vermindert die Umweltbelastung. Sie ist besonders sinnvoll, wenn wirtschaftliche Konkurrenzfähigkeit mit üblicherweise verwendeten Energieträgern besteht [253, 255]. In Ländern wie Dänemark oder Regionen wie Schleswig-Holstein trägt die Windenergie bereits signifikant zur Stromversorgung bei.
Human papillomavirus types 16 and 33, herpes simplex virus type 2 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in sichuan province, china (1991)

Cancer of the cervix is relatively common in China, but has been investigated epidemiologically in only a few studies. In the hospital-based case-control study reported here, we investigated the role of various lifestyle and dietary factors, as well as infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 33 and herpes simplex virus type 2 in the aetiology of invasive cervical cancer. The study was conducted in Sichuan province, and involved 101 cases with histologically-confirmed cervical cancer recruited from the gynaecological oncology clinic of the West China University Hospital, and 146 controls recruited from patients attending the gynaecology clinic of the same hospital. Risk of cervical cancer was greatly increased in association with infection with HPV 16/33, the adjusted odds ratio for those with evidence of infection being 32.9 (95% CI 7.7-141.1). In contrast, infection with HSV 2 was not associated with a significantly altered risk of cervical cancer. Indices of sexual history and of dietary habits also showed no association with risk of cervical cancer, while good personal and genital hygiene were associated with markedly reduced risk. Although the results of this study are consistent with a causal role for HPV in the aetiology of cervical cancer, bias or increased viral expression following malignant transformation cannot be excluded as explanations for the strong positive association.
Reconfigurable Antennas in mmWave MIMO Systems (2017)

The key obstacle to achieving the full potential of the millimeter wave (mmWave) band has been the poor propagation characteristics of wireless signals in this band. One approach to overcome this issue is to use antennas that can support higher gains while providing beam adaptability and diversity, i.e., reconfigurable antennas. In this article, we present a new architecture for mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications that uses a new class of reconfigurable antennas. More specifically, the proposed lens-based antennas can support multiple radiation patterns while using a single radio frequency chain. Moreover, by using a beam selection network, each antenna beam can be steered in the desired direction. Further, using the proposed reconfigurable antenna in a MIMO architecture, we propose a new signal processing algorithm that uses the additional degrees of freedom provided by the antennas to overcome propagation issues at mmWave frequencies. Our simulation results show that the proposed reconfigurable antenna MIMO architecture significantly enhances the performance of mmWave communication systems.
A numerical analysis of PV-rating methods (2002)

A computer model has been developed to simulate solar cell power production from meteorological data and solar cell measurements. A novel feature of this model is that it calculates the hourly solar irradiance for clear and cloudy skies from readily available meteorological data. The investigation includes a monocrystalline silicon and GaAs cell and the thin-film cells CdS/CdTe, CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/, a-Si:H, and a two-terminal a-Si:H/a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H device. This study includes spectra under cloudy skies to study in detail the effect of variations in the solar spectral irradiance on the device's efficiency. A second intention of this work is to analyze the sensitivity of different power and energy rating methods to spectral irradiance, total irradiance, and cell temperature. As a result, a multivalue energy rating scheme applying the concept of critical operation conditions is proposed and compared with the current single-value power rating procedure under standard reporting conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Preliminary application of PCR-based assay for the detection of Neospora caninum in bovine aborted fetus]. (2009)

PCR diagnostic method is promising in detecting Neospora infection in brain tissues of aborted bovine.
In Situ Synthesis of High Thermoelectric Performance Bi2Te3 Flexible Thin Films through Thermal Diffusion Engineering (2023)

Bi2Te3-based materials are promising candidates for near-room-temperature applications due to their high thermoelectric performance and low cost. Here, an innovative thermal diffusion strategy combined with magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation methods was employed to fabricate Bi2Te3 flexible thin films (f-TFs) on a flexible polyimide substrate. An in situ synthesis of Bi2Te3 f-TFs with good crystallinity was obtained using a straightforward thermal diffusion method through diffusion of Te into a Bi precursor under low vacuum conditions (1 × 105 Pa). This method offers easy preparation, low cost, and a large-area film preparation for industrialization. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing thermal diffusion temperatures. A high room temperature carrier mobility of ~28.7 cm−2 V−1 S−1 and an electrical conductivity of ~995.6 S cm−1 can be achieved. Then, a moderate room temperature Seebeck coefficient >100 μV K−1 was obtained due to the chemical stoichiometry being close to the standard by optimizing the thermal diffusion temperature. Consequently, a maximum room temperature PF of ~11.6 μW cm−1 K−1 was observed in Bi2Te3 f-TFs prepared using a thermal diffusion temperature of 653 K. The thermal diffusion strategy applied in the thin film preparation represents an effective approach for the preparation of high thermoelectric performance Bi2Te3 f-TFs, offering a promising route for future thermoelectric applications.
Coherent-light-boosted, sub-shot noise, quantum interferometry (2010)

We present in this letter a scheme for optical interferometry. We utilize coherent-beam-stimulated two-mode squeezed light, which interacts with a phase shifter and is then squeezed again before detection. Our theoretical device has the potential to reach far below the shot noise limit (SNL) in phase sensitivity. This new proposal avoids the pitfalls of other setups, such as difficulty in creating the required resource. Furthermore, our scheme requires no complicated detection protocol, relying instead only on simple intensity measurement. Also, bright, coherent sources "boost" squeezed light, creating a very sensitive device. This hybrid scheme relies on no unknown components and can be constructed with current technology. In the following we present our analysis of this relatively straightforward device, using the operator propagation method. We derive the phase sensitivity and provide a simple numerical example of the power of our new proposal. Sensitivity scales as a shot noise limited Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, multiplied by a sub-Heisenberg contribution from the squeezed light.
Visual Navigation Using Heterogeneous Landmarks and Unsupervised Geometric Constraints (2015)

We present a heterogeneous landmark-based visual navigation approach for a monocular mobile robot. We utilize heterogeneous visual features, such as points, line segments, lines, planes, and vanishing points, and their inner geometric constraints managed by a novel multilayer feature graph (MFG). Our method extends the local bundle adjustment-based visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework by explicitly exploiting the heterogeneous features and their inner geometric relationships in an unsupervised manner. As the result, our heterogeneous landmark-based visual navigation algorithm takes a video stream as input, initializes and iteratively updates MFG based on extracted key frames, and refines robot localization and MFG landmarks through the process. We present pseudocode for the algorithm and analyze its complexity. We have evaluated our method and compared it with state-of-the-art point landmark-based visual SLAM methods using multiple indoor and outdoor datasets. In particular, on the KITTI dataset, our method reduces the translational error by 52.5% under urban sequences where rectilinear structures dominate the scene.
System-Theoretical Analysis of Analog-CDMA Applied to Mixed-Signal Readout Interfaces for MEMS Gyroscopes (2012)

This paper presents a novel architecture for low noise mixed-signal readout systems for 3-axes micromachined gyroscopes; the proposed solution experiments an innovative readout technique based on analog-CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) in order to extremely simplify the analog front-end which can be based on a single charge amplifier. Many family codes have been considered in order to find the best solution between performance and complexity. As a result, Walsh codes have been finally selected. Simulations prove the effectiveness of this technique in processing all the required gyro signals: the three sensing signals and one primary signal for keeping the sensor in resonance. The proposed solution can achieve good reduction of silicon area and current consumption in the analog section with reference to other multiplexing schemes. Keywords- CDMA, capacitive gyroscope, mixed-signal readout interfaces, MEMS, analog front-end, Walsh codes
Large-scale robust visual codebook construction (2010)

The web-scale image retrieval system demands a large-scale visual codebook, which is difficult to be generated by the commonly adopted K-means vector quantization due to the applicability issue. While approximate K-means is proposed to scale up the visual codebook construction it needs to employ a high-precision approximate nearest neighbor search in the assignment step and is difficult to converge, which limits its scalability. In this paper, we propose an improved approximate K-means, by leveraging the assignment information in the history, namely the previous iterations, to improve the assignment precision. By further randomizing the employed approximate nearest neighbor search in each iteration, the proposed algorithm can improve the assignment precision conceptually similarly as the randomized k-d trees, while nearly no additional cost is introduced. The algorithm can be proved to be convergent and we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the quality of the generated visual codebook as well as the scalability experimentally and analytically.