gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Experiments Approach to Engineer Cell-Secreted Matrices for Directing Osteogenic Differentiation (2010)

The presentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins provides an opportunity to instruct the phenotype and behavior of responsive cells. Decellularized cell-secreted matrix coatings (DM) represent a biomimetic culture surface that retains the complexity of the natural ECM. Microenvironmental culture conditions alter the composition of these matrices and ultimately the ability of DMs to direct cell fate. We employed a design of experiments (DOE) multivariable analysis approach to determine the effects and interactions of four variables (culture duration, cell seeding density, oxygen tension, and media supplementation) on the capacity of DMs to direct the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). DOE analysis revealed that matrices created with extended culture duration, ascorbate-2-phosphate supplementation, and in ambient oxygen tension exhibited significant correlations with enhanced hMSC differentiation. We validated the DOE model results using DMs predicted to have superior (DM1) or lesser (DM2) osteogenic potential for naïve hMSCs. Compared to cells on DM2, hMSCs cultured on DM1 expressed 2-fold higher osterix levels and deposited 3-fold more calcium over 3 weeks. Cells on DM1 coatings also exhibited greater proliferation and viability compared to DM2-coated substrates. This study demonstrates that DOE-based analysis is a powerful tool for optimizing engineered systems by identifying significant variables that have the greatest contribution to the target output.
Optically Switchable Liquid Crystal Photonic Structures (2004)

Photo-optic materials offer the possibility of light controlled photonic devices, intelligent and environmentally adaptive optical materials. One strategy for creating these materials is the combination of structure formation through holographic photopolymerization and the variable optical properties of liquid crystals. Holographically patterned, polymer stabilized liquid crystals (HPSLCs) have proven to be useful optical materials. By incorporating photo-optic, azobenzene-derived liquid crystal blends into such material systems, we have generated practical photoresponsive optical materials.
A Novel Macromolecular Prodrug Concept Exploiting Endogenous Serum Albumin as a Drug Carrier for Cancer Chemotherapy (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTA Novel Macromolecular Prodrug Concept Exploiting Endogenous Serum Albumin as a Drug Carrier for Cancer ChemotherapyFelix Kratz, Ralph Müller-Driver, Inga Hofmann, Joachim Drevs, and Clemens UngerView Author Information Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Strasse 117, 79106 Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 7, 1253–1256Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2000Publication History Received25 November 1999Published online10 March 2000Published inissue 6 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9905864https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9905864rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2407Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Antineoplastic agents,Biopolymers,Cancer,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures for 2D van der Waals electronics (2018)

The construction of large surface area hexagonal boron nitride for van der Waals heterostructures and 2D-layered electronics is reviewed.
Growth factors, stem cells, and stroke (2008)

Postischemic neurogenesis has been identified as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged brain after stroke. Several factors are released by the ischemic tissue that are responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural stem cells. An understanding of their roles may allow future therapies based on treatment with such factors. Although damaged cells release a variety of factors, some of them are stimulatory whereas some are inhibitory for neurogenesis. It is interesting to note that factors like insulin-like growth factor-I can induce proliferation in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and promote differentiation in the absence of FGF-2. Meanwhile, factors like transforming growth factor-beta can induce the differentiation of neurons while inhibiting the proliferation of neural stem cells. Therefore, understanding the role of each factor in the process of neurogenesis will help physicians to enhance the endogenous response and improve the clinical outcome after stroke. In this article the authors discuss the role of growth factors and stem cells following stroke.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists Protect Pancreatic β-Cells From Lipotoxic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through Upregulation of BiP and JunB (2009)

These observations suggest that GLP-1 agonists increase in a context-dependent way the beta-cell defense mechanisms against different pathways involved in ER stress-induced apoptosis. The identification of the pathways modulated by GLP-1 agonists allows for targeted approaches to alleviate beta-cell ER stress in diabetes.
High Temperature Operation of Gimbal-less Two Axis Micromirrors (2007)

We demonstrate seamless operation of gimbal-less two axis micromirror devices at high temperatures up to 200°C by characterizing the temperature stability of the mirror tilt angle and first resonant mode. The ability to provide a repeatable, high temperature vector or raster scanning micromirror opens up opportunities for ruggedized products in extreme environments. This capability is also relevant in high incident optical power applications, where energy is absorbed at the mirror. A first order thermal model is presented that allows the temperature rise of mirrors under high optical power operation to be estimated.
Degradable Hyaluronic Acid/Protamine Sulfate Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes as miRNA‐Delivery Nanocapsules for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy (2014)

Metastatic relapse is a leading cause of cancer-associated death and one of the major obstacles for effective therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. To address this problem, a miRNA-delivering nanocapsule technology based on hyaluronic acid (HA)/protamine sulfate (PS) interpolyelectrolyte complexes (HP-IPECs) is developed for efficient encapsulation and intracellular delivery microRNA-34a (miR-34a), which is a potent endogenous tumor suppressor of breast cancer. The nanocapsules are successfully generated through a self-assembly approach mediated by an electrostatic interaction. In vitro and in vivo experiments illustrate that miR-34a can be efficiently encapsulated into HP-IPECs and delivered into breast cancer cells or breast cancer tissues. Nanocomplex-assisted delivery of miR-34a induces cell apoptosis and suppresses migration, proliferation, and tumor growth of breast cancer cells via targeting CD44 and a Notch-1-signaling pathway. The obtained results suggest that HP-IPECs have a great potential as a biodegradable vector for microRNA-based therapy against triple-negative breast cancer.
Short focal length Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for a hard x-ray nanoprobe (2005)

We describe progress in the fabrication of short-focal-length total-external-reflection Kirkpatrick-Baez x-ray mirrors with ultralow figure errors. The short focal length optics produce nanoscale beams (&lt;100nm) on conventional (∼64m long) beamlines at third generation synchrotron sources. The total-external reflection optics are inherently achromatic and efficiently focus a white (polychromatic) or a tunable monochromatic spectrum of x rays. The ability to focus independent of wavelength allows novel new experimental capabilities. Mirrors have been fabricated both by computer assisted profiling (differential polishing) and by profile coating (coating through a mask onto ultra-smooth surfaces). A doubly focused 85×95nm2 hard x-ray nanobeam has been obtained on the UNICAT beamline 34-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. The performance of the mirrors, techniques for characterizing the spot size, and factors limiting focusing performance are discussed.
Snap-Together Visualization: Coordinating Multiple Views to ExploreInformation (1999)

Information visualizations with multiple coordinated views enable users to rapidly explore complex data and discover relationships. However, it is usually difficult for users to find or create the coordinated visualizations they need. Snap-Together Visualization allows users to coordinate multiple views that are customized to their needs. Users query their relational database and load results into desired visualizations. Then they specify coordinations between visualizations for selecting, navigating, or re-querying. Developers can make independent visualization tools `snapable &apos; by including a few hooks. KEYWORDS: User Interface, Coordination, Multiple Views, Tightly Coupled, Information Visualization. INTRODUCTION The multiple coordinated views approach is a powerful and increasingly-employed user-interface technique for exploring information. Each view is a visualization of some part of the information, and views are coordinated (a.k.a. &quot;tightly coupled&quot;, or &quot;linked&quot;) so that t...
Rapid Automatic Index Profiling of Whole-Fiber Samples: Part II (1979)

Automatic, nondestructive methods have been developed for measuring and analyzing the refractive index distribution of a fiber that is immersed in index-matching oil and illuminated transversely to its axis in a single-pass interference microscope. The output field of the microscope is automatically processed with a video-digitized, computer-controlled system, and the profile is determined by the solution of an integral equation that can handle arbitrary variations in the index distribution. The resulting profiles are reproducible to approximately 1 percent and can be determined within a few minutes after fiber fabrication. Details of a rapid video scanning procedure and of error estimates involved in solving the integral equation are presented along with representative profiles.
Prolonged Culture of Vaccine-Primed Lymphocytes Results in Decreased Antitumor Killing and Change in Cytokine Secretion (2004)

Adoptive transfer of effector T cells has been used successfully to eliminate metastases in animal models. Because antitumor activity depends on the number of effector cells transferred, some human trials have used in vitro-repetitive activation and expansion techniques to increase cell number. We hypothesized that the prolonged culture period might contribute to the lack of human trial success by decreasing the potency of the effector T cells. Lymph nodes draining a progressively growing murine melanoma tumor transduced to secrete granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor were harvested and activated in vitro with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody followed by expansion in IL-2 for a total of 5 days in culture. Some lymphocytes were reactivated and further expanded for a total of 9 days in culture. In vivo activity of the effector T cells was measured by the reduction in lung metastases and is shown to be dose dependent. The prolonged culture period resulted in nearly 3-fold more T cells but at least 8-fold less antitumor activity. This was accompanied by decreased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-gamma, and increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Thus, although increased cell number is important to maximize the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy, some culture conditions may actually be counterproductive in that decreases in cell potency can outweigh the benefits of increased cell numbers. The T-cell cytokine secretion pattern predicts decreased effector cell function and may explain the decreased antitumor effect.
Hydrogen etching and cutting of multiwall carbon nanotubes (2010)

The interaction of H atoms with the curved concentric graphene walls of a multiwall carbon nanotube and the stacked planar graphene sheets of graphite was investigated using a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in conjunction with electron energy-loss and Raman spectroscopies. Continuous cylindrical graphene walls of a nanotube are etched and amorphized by the H atoms. Etching is not uniform across the length of the CNT but rather, small etch pits form at defective sites on the CNT walls along the entire nanotube length. Once an etch pit is formed, etching proceeds rapidly, and the remainder of the CNT is quickly etched away. The carbon K core-loss edge spectra collected from etch pits do not differ from the spectra collected from pristine CNT walls, indicating that reactions occur exclusively at the exposed graphene edges. Similar observations were made when sheets of planar graphite were exposed to H atoms. Confocal Raman spectroscopic measurements revealed that H etching occurs preferentially at the graphite edges. Eventually, large holes appear in the graphite, as observed under HRTEM. Etched holes in planar graphite are similar to the etch pits that form when a graphene layer is rolled up to form the cylindrical walls of a CNT. Once a hole or an etch pit is formed, the edges of the planar graphene sheets or cylindrical CNT walls become exposed, and H etching proceeds quickly from these edges.
Insulin-dependent protein trafficking in skeletal muscle cells (1998)

We have established a simple procedure for the separation of intracellular pool(s) of glucose transporter isoform GLUT-4-containing vesicles from the surface sarcolemma and T tubule membranes of rat skeletal myocytes. This procedure enabled us to immunopurify intracellular GLUT-4-containing vesicles and to demonstrate that 20-30% of the receptors for insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate and transferrin are colocalized with GLUT-4 in the same vesicles. Using our new fractionation procedure as well as cell surface biotinylation, we have shown that these receptors are translocated from their intracellular compartment(s) to the cell surface along with GLUT-4 after insulin stimulation in vivo. Denervation causes a considerable downregulation of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle but does not affect the level of expression of other known component proteins of the corresponding vesicles. Moreover, the sedimentation coefficient of these vesicles remains unchanged by denervation. We suggest that the normal level of GLUT-4 expression is not necessary for the structural organization and insulin-sensitive translocation of its cognate intracellular compartment.
Designing BOTs with BDI agents (2009)

In modern computer games, dasiabotspsila - Intelligent realistic agents play a prominent role in success of a game in market. Typically, bots are modeled using finite-state machine and then programmed via simple conditional statements which are hard-coded in bots logic. Since these bots have become quite predictable to an experienced games player, she might lose her interest in game. We present a model of bots using BDI agents, which will show more human-like behavior, more believable and will provide more realistic feel to the game. These bots will use the inputs from actual game players to specify her Beliefs, Desires, and Intentions while game playing.
Production of MMPs in Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells and Their Role in Shedding Adhesion Molecules (2001)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are Zn2+-endopeptidases that seem to play an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system by disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and mediating the destruction of myelin components. We therefore investigated the influence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. on the expression and activation of several MMPs in human cerebral endothelial cells (HCEC). HCEC constitutively express MMP-2 and MMP-3 mRNA, but only MMP-3 is upregulated on mRNA and protein level after TNF-alpha stimulation. MMP-9 and MMP-12 mRNA could only be detected under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, MMPs are involved in shedding of cell surface molecules. We therefore investigated the influence of MMPs on the release of soluble adhesion molecules using marimastat, a specific broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor and other protease inhibitors like aprotinin or leupeptin. Only marimastat inhibited the TNF-alpha mediated release of sVCAM-1 in the supernatants of HCEC. Western blot results of culture supernatants supported the time dependent release of the complete extracellular portion of the VCAM-1 molecule. These data suggest that MMPs produced by HCEC are actively involved in the shedding of soluble adhesion molecules at the BBB.
Synthesis of a novel glucose capped gold nanoparticle as a better theranostic candidate (2017)

Gold nanoparticles are predominantly used in diagnostics, therapeutics and biomedical applications. The present study has been designed to synthesize differently capped gold nanoparticles (AuNps) by a simple, one-step, room temperature procedure and to evaluate the potential of these AuNps for biomedical applications. The AuNps are capped with glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and citrate using different reducing agents. This is the first report of synthesis of 2DG-AuNp by the simple room temperature method. The synthesized gold nanoparticles are characterized with UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of the synthesized AuNps shows increase in Raman signals up to 50 times using 2DG. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay has been performed using all the three differently capped AuNps in different cell lines to assess cytotoxcity if any, of the nanoparticles. The study shows that 2DG-AuNps is a better candidate for theranostic application.
A mixed-mode analog-digital simulation methodology for full custom designs (2003)

The authors present a solution to the problem of mixed-mode analog/digital simulation for full custom designs. By efficiently incorporating two specialized simulators-a circuit simulator and a switch-level simulator-in a single computing environment with a common user interface, they have succeeded in simulating full-custom circuits with tightly coupled feedback between the analog and digital portions. The proposed methodology can be applied to a mixed-mode simulation of a purely digital or purely analog circuit in which one portion requires a much higher order of accuracy than the other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vitro Fluorogenic Real‐Time Assay of the Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage (2015)

The repair of oxidative damage to DNA is essential to avoid mutations that lead to cancer. Oxidized DNA bases, such as 8-oxoguanine, are a main source of these mutations, and the enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is the chief human enzyme that excises 8-oxoguanine from DNA. The activity of OGG1 has been linked to human inflammation responses and to cancer, and researchers are beginning to search for inhibitors of the enzyme. However, measuring the activity of the enzyme typically requires laborious gel-based measurements of radiolabeled DNAs. Here we report the design and properties of fluorogenic probes that directly report on the activity of OGG1 (and its bacterial homologue Fpg) in real time as the oxidized base is excised. The probes are short, modified DNA oligomers containing fluorescent DNA bases and are designed to utilize 8-oxoguanine itself as a fluorescence quencher. Screening of combinations of fluorophores and 8-oxoguanine revealed two fluorophores, pyrene and tCo, that are strongly quenched by the damaged base. We tested 42 potential probes containing these fluorophores: the optimum probe, OGR1, yields a 60-fold light-up signal in vitro with OGG1 and Fpg. It can report on oxidative repair activity in mammalian cell lysate and with bacterial cells overexpressing a repair enzyme. Such probes might prove useful in quantifying enzyme activity and performing competitive inhibition assays.
Regulation of HIV-1 infection by chemokine receptors. (1996)

The ability of HIV to continually infect CD4+ cells and the diminishing capacity of the host immune system represent major immunopathological changes associated with AIDS. Recent demonstrations that beta chemokines inhibit HIV replication in vivo and identification of chemokine receptors as the principal co-receptors for HIV-1 entry into target cells, may provide a basis for the establishment of strategies for the prevention and treatment of AIDS. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 entry and perspectives for development of effective anti-HIV drug are discussed in this review.
Dual-polarization absorptive/transmissive frequency-selective surface utilizing composite metamaterial (2017)

In this paper, a composite metamaterial (MM) frequency-selective surface (FSS) structure is proposed which exhibits broadband absorption over low frequency and transmission over high frequency. The composite structure consists of two layers: one metamaterial layer (MM layer) and one bandpass FSS layer. The MM layer is composed of metallic strips, dielectric, metallic vias and integrated with resistors. The FSS layer added below offers a transmission window at high frequency around 18.5GHz. One air spacer is sandwiched between the two layers which contributes to the coupling of the two layers, resulting a -10dB broadband absorption over lower frequency from 8.5GHz to 14.2GHz. By introducing a 4-folder design scheme, the proposed FSS structure exhibits uniform propagation performances for both orthogonal linear polarizations. Full wave simulations have been made to verify our design. We think the proposed design could find applications in radomes under military circumstance.
On calculating the position of the sun (1988)

SYNOPSIS The position of the sun at any time of the day and year can be found to within one hundredth of a degree of arc with computer programs that have appeared in the literature. However, many solar energy text books give, instead, empirical methods which do not require access to a computer. For some solar energy applications the results of these empirical methods may not be sufficiently accurate. This paper compares five empirical procedures for calculating the equation of time, necessary for obtaining solar position, and then tests one of these against the computed solution. It is found that errors of at least five degrees of solar elevation can result from use of the empirical procedures.