gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirements of a brain selective estrogen: Advances and remaining challenges for developing a NeuroSERM (2005)

Our goal is to develop therapeutic agents that prevent age-associated neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's. To achieve this goal, we are building on extensive knowledge regarding mechanisms of estrogen action in brain and the epidemiological human data indicating that estrogen/hormone therapy reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease when administered at the time of the menopause and continued over several to many years. The mechanisms of estrogen action in neurons provides a systematic mechanistic rationale for determining why estrogen therapy is efficacious for prevention of Alzheimer's disease and why it is not efficacious for long-term treatment of the disease. Our preclinical research plan is a hybrid of both discovery and translational research to develop a brain selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). We have termed such molecules NeuroSERMs to denote their preferential selectivity for activating estrogen mechanisms in brain. Our strategy to develop NeuroSERMs is threefold: (1) determine the target of estrogen action in brain, specifically the estrogen receptor in hippocampal and cortical neurons required for the neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogen; (2) develop NeuroSERM candidate molecules using three in silico discovery and design strategies and (3) determine the neurotrophic and neuroprotective efficacy of candidate molecules using neuronal responses predictive of clinical efficacy. Using an academic translational research model, a team of scientists with expertise in molecular biology, computational chemistry, synthetic chemistry, proteomics, neurobiology and mitochondrial function have been assembled along with state of the art technologies required to develop candidate NeuroSERM molecules.
Analytical and preparative native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: Investigation of the recombinant and natural major grass pollen allergen Phl p 2 (2004)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot are amongst the most popular methods for allergen characterization, such as comparison of recombinant allergens with their natural counterparts. Native PAGE was evaluated as a possible robust and simple method offering high-resolution capacity for characterization of the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 2. Analytical separation of recombinant Phl p 2 provided a superior quality control in terms of homogeneity and, after Western blotting, immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity. Separation of natural Phl p 2 identified two major isoforms which were shown to have different N-terminal sequences and IgE-binding properties. After isolation using preparative native PAGE in combination with electrodialysis, both isoforms were investigated by specific proteolysis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results demonstrate differences in the primary structures and that the recombinant counterpart corresponds exactly to one isoform. Analytical and preparative native PAGE thus proved to be powerful tools for the investigation of allergen isoforms and quality control of recombinant counterparts.
73‐4L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Wavelength‐independent Electrically Tunable Microlens Array with a Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal (2017)

A liquid crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with a chiral nematic liquid crystal material in twisted vertical alignment configuration is demonstrated. The proposed LCMLA has merits of low operation voltage and wavelength‐independent, electrically‐tunable focal length, which are suitable for full color 3D microscopy and endoscope application.
High-performance organic light-emitting diodes with metal halide hybrid perovskites (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology is promising for next-generation displays and lighting. On the other hand, hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes (PLED) have recently emerged. In this study, we incorporated metal halide hybrid perovskites as host or carrier transport layers into OLEDs with the aim of obtaining device performance higher than that of existing OLEDs and PLEDs. Hybrid perovskite films can be prepared with a simple method, such as spin coating or vacuum deposition, similarly to organic film fabrication. This is because of their excellent self-organization nature. Even in spin-coated and vacuum-deposited hybrid perovskite films, carrier mobilities are very high compared with organic films used for OLEDs. This is associated with inorganic metal halide frameworks formed through films. Additionally, more singlet excitons than usual can be generated in an organic emitter as a result of energy transfer from a hybrid perovskite portion. This energy transfer also lead to good operational durability under continuous operation. By taking these advantages, we demonstrated extremely high performance from OLEDs with hybrid perovskites. We believe that this sort of organic/perovskite hybrid device architectures can be a new technology, which enables the fabrication of more efficient and stable LEDs with lower voltages at a lower cost in the future.
Development of Reaction Sintered Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite and Tensile Strength Properties. (1999)

Dense silicon carbide matrix composite reinforced by Hi-Nicalon® with BN or BN/SiC coating was fabricated by slurry impregnation of carbon and SiC and subsequent reaction sintering with molten Si. The optimum sintering condition was investigated and the effect of BN layer thickness on the tensile strength at room temperature was evaluated. The composite which was uni-directionally reinforced by 30vol% fibers with BN/SiC coating of 1.0/0.3μm thickness and sintered at 1693K for 0.3ks showed Young's modulus of 242GPa, the ultimate tensile strength of 556MPa and the failure elongation of 0.9%. The ultimate tensile strength showed a good agreement with the prediction from in situ fiber strength via fracture mirror size.
A Storage Advisor for Hybrid-Store Databases (2012)

With the SAP HANA database, SAP offers a high-performance in-memory hybrid-store database. Hybrid-store databases---that is, databases supporting row- and column-oriented data management---are getting more and more prominent. While the columnar management offers high-performance capabilities for analyzing large quantities of data, the row-oriented store can handle transactional point queries as well as inserts and updates more efficiently. To effectively take advantage of both stores at the same time the novel question whether to store the given data row- or column-oriented arises. We tackle this problem with a storage advisor tool that supports database administrators at this decision. Our proposed storage advisor recommends the optimal store based on data and query characteristics; its core is a cost model to estimate and compare query execution times for the different stores. Besides a per-table decision, our tool also considers to horizontally and vertically partition the data and manage the partitions on different stores. We evaluated the storage advisor for the use in the SAP HANA database; we show the recommendation quality as well as the benefit of having the data in the optimal store with respect to increased query performance.
Prourokinase Mutant That Induces Highly Effective Clot Lysis Without Interfering With Hemostasis (2002)

Prourokinase (proUK) is a zymogenic plasminogen activator that at pharmacological doses is prone to nonspecific activation to urokinase. This has handicapped therapeutic exploitation of its fibrin-specific physiological properties. To attenuate this susceptibility without compromising specific activation of proUK on a fibrin clot, a Lys300-->His mutation (M5) was developed. M5 had a lower intrinsic activity and, therefore, remained stable in plasma at a 4-fold higher concentration than did proUK. M5 had a higher 2-chain activity and induced more rapid plasminogen activation and fibrin-specific clot lysis in vitro. Sixteen dogs embolized with radiolabeled clots were infused with saline, proUK, tissue plasminogen activator, or M5. The lower intrinsic activity allowed a higher infusion rate with M5, which induced the most rapid and efficient clot lysis (50% clot lysis by approximately 600 microg/kg M5 versus approximately 1200 microg/kg proUK). In association with this, M5 caused neither a significant increase in the primary bleeding time nor secondary bleeding (total blood loss). By contrast, these measurements increased 4-fold and 5-fold, respectively, with proUK and >5-fold and 8-fold, respectively, with tissue plasminogen activator. Clot lysis by M5 and hemostasis were further evaluated in 6 rhesus monkeys. M5 again induced rapid clot lysis without a significant increase in the primary bleeding time, and secondary bleeding did not occur. In conclusion, a site-directed mutation designed to improve the stability of proUK in blood at therapeutic concentrations induced superior clot lysis in vitro and in vivo without causing significant interference with hemostasis.
New insights into the stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation problem and an adaptive nonlinearity solution (2002)

We expand the knowledge regarding the problems of two-channel (or stereophonic) echo cancellation. The major difference between two-channel and the single-channel echo cancellation is the problem of nonunique solutions in the two-channel case. In previous work, this nonuniqueness problem has been linked to the coherence between the two incoming audio channels. One proven solution to this problem is to distort the signals with a nonlinear device. In this work, we present new theory that gives insight to the existing links between: (i) coherence and level of distortion, and (ii) coherence and achievable misalignment of the stereophonic echo canceler. Furthermore, we present an adaptive nonlinear device that incorporates this new knowledge in such a way that a pre-specified maximum misalignment is maintained while improving the perceived quality by minimizing the introduced distortion. Moreover, all the ideas presented can be generalized to the multichannel (>2) case.
ONLINE MULTITASKING LINE-SCAN IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR SIMULTANEOUS SAFETY AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF APPLES (2008)

We developed a push-broom, line-scan imaging system capable of simultaneous measurements of reflectance and fluorescence. The system allows multitasking inspections for quality and safety attributes of apples due to its dynamic capabilities in simultaneously capturing fluorescence and reflectance, and selectivity in multispectral bands. A multitasking image-based inspection system for online applications has been suggested in that a single imaging device that could perform a multitude of both safety and quality inspection needs. The presented multitask inspection approach in online applications may provide an economically viable means for a number of food processing industries being able to adapt to operate and meet the dynamic and specific inspection and sorting needs.
Automatic Speech Recognition for Wireless Mobile Devices. (2002)

This tutorial will cover topics in automatic speech recognition (ASR) that are specific to the implementation of ASR systems on wireless mobile devices. Emphasis will be placed on algorithms and architectures that relate to ASR in the context of the mobile devices themselves, the environments they are used in, the networks they are connected to, and the target applications they support. The tutorial will have two major parts. The first part will consist of a survey of existing mobile ASR applications, architectures, and supporting technology. The second part will present algorithms that have been developed to make ASR systems more robust, more efficient, and more flexible for mobile applications.
Biodegradable Surfactants Aid the Development of Environmentally Acceptable Drilling-Fluid Additives (2007)

Abstract The additives commonly used in oil- or synthetic-based drilling fluids were designed in past years with predominant focus on providing an efficient and economical function. For nearly 50 years, the industry has relied on organically-modified clays to provide viscosity and suspension to non-aqueous fluids. However, the conventional quaternary ammonium salts used to produce these additives have shown poor biodegradability, drawing scrutiny from some regulators. Environmental restrictions governing discharges to the waters of the North Sea have now motivated fluids providers to develop cost-effective additives that deliver performance and also reduce the environmental impact. New organic-modified clay viscosifier additives have been created using biodegradable quaternary ammonium salts. The salient features of the degradable surfactants used are similar to traditional quaternary ammonium salts, but the former include specific sites in their molecular architecture that allow them to be broken down by marine micro-organisms. When select compounds of this type are used to produce organophilic clays, the resultant materials offer functional performance comparable to traditional additives with the added benefit of providing suitable biodegradation for use in environmentally-sensitive areas. A large number of organic-modified clays were produced in the course of a laboratory study spanning a wide range of surfactants. Many of the compounds examined could be used to make viable viscosifier additives, but only a select few that were biodegradable could sufficiently modify the clay surfaces. Performance testing showed that the new clay-surfactant complexes can provide results comparable to a conventional organophilic clay in a paraffin-based invert emulsion system. While a slightly higher concentration of biodegradable clay was needed to obtain comparable yield point values, in one case the increase was less than three pounds per barrel.
Estimation of human finger tapping forces based on a fingerpad-stiffness model (2009)

This paper proposes a method of estimating fingertip forces in finger tapping movements based on human fingerpad characteristics. Since the human fingerpad exhibits elasticity, the proposed technique recreates the relationship between the fingertip force and the displacement generated between the thumb and index fingerpads as a fingerpad-stiffness model. Then, using this model, the force between the two fingertips (the fingertip force) can be estimated from the measured fingerpad deformation only. As the method does not require any sensors to be attached to the finger contact surface to measure fingertip force, it can be used to evaluate the tendency of force in natural and unconstrained finger tapping movements conducted by the subject. In the experiments conducted, fingertip forces and the displacement of the two fingerpads generated when the subjects pinched and pushed a force sensor with the thumb and index finger were measured to approximate the relationships between fingerpad force and deformation. The results indicated that human fingerpad characteristics can be expressed using a fingerpad-stiffness function (including an exponential function), and that fingerpad forces can be estimated using the proposed model. Furthermore, comparison between a Parkinson's disease (PD) patient and a healthy subject confirmed differences in the finger tapping forces for each. This implies the possibility of assessing motor function in PD patients using the finger tapping force evaluation method proposed in this paper.
Verifying policy-based security for web services (2004)

WS-SecurityPolicy is a declarative configuration language for driving web services security mechanisms. We describe a formal semantics for WS-SecurityPolicy, and propose a more abstract link language for specifying the security goals of web services and their clients. Hence, we present the architecture and implementation of fully automatic tools that (1) compile policy files from link specifications, and (2) verify by invoking a theorem prover whether a set of policy files run by any number of senders and receivers correctly implements the goals of a link specification, in spite of active attackers. Policy-driven web services implementations are prone to the usual subtle vulnerabilities associated with cryptographic protocols; our tools help prevent such vulnerabilities, as we can verify policies when first compiled from link specifications, and also re-verify policies against their original goals after any modifications during deployment.
Synthesis of 1-(4-thio-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (1976)

The synthesis of 1-(4-thio-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (3) is described. The acid-catalyzed fusion procedure with 3-cyano-1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-4-thio-D-ribofuranose provided 3-cyano-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-4-thio-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole (2) which was converted with NH4OH to 3. In contrast to 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (1), the 4'-thio nucleoside 3 did not exhibt significant antiviral activity in vitro.
Robot-assisted upper-limb rehabilitation platform (2010)

This work presents a robotic platform for upper-limb rehabilitation robotics. It integrates devices for human multi-sensorial feedback for engaging and immersive therapies. Its modular software design and architecture allows the implementation of advanced control algorithms for effective and customized rehabilitations. A flexible communication infrastructure allows straightforward devices integration and system expandability.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza A Virus. XII. Safety, Antigenicity, Transmissibility, and Efficacy of Influenza A/Udorn/72-ts-l[E] Recombinant Viruses in Human Adults (1976)

The influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus (shutoff temperature, 38 C), which possesses many characteristics desirable in a vaccine virus, was used as a donor of its two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions to the antigenically divergent influenza A/Udorn/72 wild-type virus. Two subsets of Udorn/72-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses were evaluated in seronegative volunteers (serum titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, less than or equal 1:8). The first subset, represented by clone 13, possessed a shutoff temperature of 39 C and only one of the two ts lesions; this virus was insufficiently attenuated for use in humans. The other subset, represented by clones 16 and 24, possessed both ts lesions and a shutoff temperature of 38 C, like that of its Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] parent. This subset, also like its ts-1[E] parent, was adequately attenuated, nontransmissible, and protective against intranasal challenge with wild-type Udorn/72 virus. The attenuation manifested by the ts mutants was not a result of their cloning in bovine kidney tissue or replication in eggs. The results suggest that the Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus can be considered for use as a master strain for donation of ts lesions and thus could bring about predictable attenuation of new wild-type influenza A viruses.
Network architecture for mission critical communications using LEO satellites (2011)

Use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks is a promising approach for global mission communications in view of their low delay and bit error characteristics. This paper describes the network architecture for an LEO environment where payloads have severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. In this architecture, payloads perform adaptive Layer 2 switching using routes computed by the central network operations center in the ground. Routes are computed considering traffic bandwidth, priority, and duration requirements, and time deterministic network topology changes. If necessary, lower priority traffic is preempted to accommodate higher priority traffic. Based on the routes computed for different snapshots, the planning system generates forwarding rules for payloads and uploads them via management centers that are deployed in different geographical locations in the ground. The architecture employs a distributed management scheme that reduces latency of critical management data such as alarms while avoiding the use of crosslinks for noncritical management communication.
MediaGuard: a Model-Based Framework for Building QoS-aware Streaming Media Services (2004)

benchmarking, enterprise media servers, workload analysis, performance modeling, synthetic workload generator, admission control A number of technology and workload trends motivate us to consider the appropriate resource allocation mechanisms and policies for streaming media services in shared cluster environments. First, workload measurements of existing media services indicate a &amp;quot;peak-to-mean &amp;quot; workload variance of more than one order of magnitude. It is difficult to overprovision service resources for such a highly variable workload, making the adaptive resource allocation and economies of scale of a shared hosting environment attractive for streaming media services. Second, in emerqing
Oligonucleotide‐based microarray for DNA methylation analysis: Principles and applications (2002)

Gene silencing via promoter CpG island hypermethylation offers tumor cells growth advantages. This epigenetic event is pharmacologically reversible, and uncovering a unique set of methylation-silenced genes in tumor cells can bring a new avenue to cancer treatment. However, high-throughput tools capable of surveying the methylation status of multiple gene promoters are needed for this discovery process. Herein we describe an oligonucleotide-based microarray technique that is both versatile and sensitive in revealing hypermethylation in defined regions of the genome. DNA samples are bisulfite-treated and PCR-amplified to distinguish CpG dinucleotides that are methylated from those that are not. Fluorescently labeled PCR products are hybridized to arrayed oligonucleotides that can discriminate between methylated and unmethylated alleles in regions of interest. Using this technique, two clinical subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, and grades I/II follicular lymphoma, were further separated based on the differential methylation profiles of several gene promoters. Work is underway in our laboratory to extend the interrogation power of this microarray system in multiple candidate genes. This novel tool, therefore, holds promise to monitor the outcome of various epigenetic therapies on cancer patients.
Multicomponent Analysis of FT-IR Spectra (1991)

In multicomponent analysis we have the IR spectrum of an unknown mixture of gases, for which we have no knowledge of the constituent gases, not to mention their partial pressures. Instead we know a large set of library spectra of pure molecular gases, measured in known pressures and with the same interferometer as the unknown sample. By using these pure spectra we ought to be able to calculate the partial pressures of the pure gases in the mixture, with error limits. The errors in the obtained values arise from the measurement noise in the spectra. Because the calculation of such partial pressures that best explain the mixture spectrum is a relatively simple task, we shall consider it only briefly and will concentrate on the calculation of their error limits. We shall also consider the optimal choice for a resolution that will provide error limits as small as possible and the application of the non-negativity constraint for the partial pressures. In addition to gas spectra, all the calculations apply to spectra of noninteracting liquids as well.