gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NoseTapping (2013)

Touch-screen interfaces on smart devices became ubiquitous in our everyday lives. In specific contextual situations, capacitive touch interfaces used on current mobile devices are not accessible when, for example, wearing gloves during a cold winter. Although the market has responded by providing capacitive styluses or touchscreen-compatible gloves, these solutions are not widely accepted and appropriate in such particular situations. Using the nose instead of fingers is an easy way to overcome this problem. In this paper, we present in-depth results of a user study on nose-based interaction. The study was complemented by an online survey to elaborate the potential and acceptance of the nose-based interaction style. Based on the insights gained in the study, we identify the main challenges of nose-based interaction and contribute to the state of the art of design principles for this interaction style by adding two new design principles and refining one already existing principle. In addition, we investigated in the emotional effect of nose-based interaction based on the user experiences evolved during the user study.
Defect prediction with neural networks (1991)

The industrial and scientific world abound with problems that are poorly un&rstood or for which apparent anomalous conditions exist. Artificial Neural Networks are utilized with conventional techniques to extract salient features and relationships which are non-linear in nature. Defect causality in a large continuous flow chemical process is investigated. Significant gains in the prediction of defects over traditional statistical methods are achieved.
Simple, rapid enzymatic determination of glycerophosphocholine in human seminal plasma. (1988)

We have devised a new enzymatic determination of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC) in human seminal plasma. This is based on GPC hydrolysis by a phosphodiesterase (PDE), free choline being then determined by the choline oxidase method. The whole procedure involves a first incubation in the presence of choline oxidase and catalase, to eliminate the excess of choline present in seminal plasma (10-fold, compared with GPC). Absorbance and concentration are linearly related up to at least 100 nmol per assay, analytical recovery ranges between 89% and 105%, and intra- and interassay CVs are 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively, at the highest substrate concentration. Using this procedure, we found seminal plasma from 21 fertile men to contain 5.22 (SD 3.33) mumol per ejaculate--within the same range as previously reported values obtained chromatographically. After vasectomy, GPC in seminal plasma decreased to 28% of its original value, as determined in 10 volunteers. Thus this new method displays appropriate characteristics of specificity, reliability, and convenience, allowing its use in routine evaluation of male fertility.
Predictive displays and shared compliance control for time-delayed telemanipulation (2002)

Considers the ground station control of space robots in which a communication time delay problem arises. The round-trip time delay of the communication link between the ground station and a space robot in low earth orbit (via one or more geosynchronous satellites) is expected to be as long as 2-8 seconds. In order to enhance time delayed telemanipulation performance, the authors have recently developed two schemes at JPL: predictive display and shared compliance control. During free motion, predictive display is used. During contact or insertion, compliance control is used. Therefore the authors' strategy for time-delayed telemanipulation employs predictive display and shared compliance control alternately to enhance human task performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Modified Partitioning Around Medoids Clustering Technique in Mobile Network Planning (2013)

Every cellular network deployment requires planning and optimization in order to provide adequate coverage, capacity, and quality of service (QoS). Optimization mobile radio network planning is a very complex task, as many aspects must be taken into account. With the rapid development in mobile network we need effective network planning tool to satisfy the need of customers. However, deciding upon the optimum placement for the base stations (BS s) to achieve best services while reducing the cost is a complex task requiring vast computational resource. This paper introduces the spatial clustering to solve the Mobile Networking Planning problem. It addresses antenna placement problem or the cell planning problem, involves locating and configuring infrastructure for mobile networks by modified the original Partitioning Around Medoids PAM algorithm. M-PAM (Modified Partitioning Around Medoids) has been proposed to satisfy the requirements and constraints. PAM needs to specify number of clusters (k) before starting to search for the best locations of base stations. The M-PAM algorithm uses the radio network planning to determine k. We calculate for each cluster its coverage and capacity and determine if they satisfy the mobile requirements, if not we will increase (k) and reapply algorithms depending on two methods for clustering. Implementation of this algorithm to a real case study is presented. Experimental results and analysis indicate that the M-PAM algorithm when applying method two is effective in case of heavy load distribution, and leads to minimum number of base stations, which directly affected onto the cost of planning the network.
Atmospheric O/N<sub>2</sub> ratios from photoelectron spectra (1997)

In this work we compare the O/N 2 number density ratios determined from mass spectrometer measurements to O/N 2 ratios determined from photoelectron spectra. The photoelectron spectra analyzed are from the Photoelectron Spectrometer (PES) experiment on the Atmosphere Explorer E (AE‐E) satellite. Relative production rates from the photoionization of O and N 2 (as calculated from PES data) were used to derive O/N 2 ratios for altitudes from 150 to 250 km for a number of orbits of AE‐E. In order to demonstrate the validity of the method we have used to analyze the spectra, we include a comparison of a modeled spectrum to a spectrum from PES. The ambient O/N 2 is derived for each 15‐s interval of the orbits studied. The O/N 2 ratio derived from the photoelectron spectrum is compared to the O/N 2 ratio from each of two mass spectrometers (Neutral Atmosphere Composition Experiment and open source neutral mass spectrometer) that flew with PES on AE‐E. We conclude that atmospheric O/N 2 ratios from photoelectron spectra agree (within the error of our measurement) with those from the mass spectrometers. We include in this work suggestions for improvements to the PES experiment that would reduce the uncertainty of any future determinations of atmospheric O/N 2 ratios from photoelectron spectra.
THE INFLUENCE OF READING PATTERNS ON THE PROFICIENCIES OF YOUNG ADULTS (1988)

ABSTRACT Using data collected by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) through its literacy assessment of young adults, this study addressed the question, Do adult patterns of reading activity relate to demonstrated proficiencies? Five reading patterns were developed that represent various combinations of high and low activity with newspapers, magazines, books, and brief documents. These patterns were found to be related to performance on the three NAEP literacy scales — prose, document, and quantitative — for the total population and for major subgroups as well. Through regression analyses, these patterns were shown to have importance in explaining the literacy performance levels of America's 21‐ to 25‐ year olds. These findings are discussed in the context of recent cognitive research that emphasizes the importance of graded contextual practice in the transition from novice to expert status.
Elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells (2000)

The present findings demonstrate that an opioid gene is activated by myocyte exposure to PMF and that the cell nucleus and nuclear embedded PKC are a crucial target for the PMF action. Due to the wide ranging importance of opioid peptides in myocardial cell homeostasis, the current data may suggest consideration for potential biological effects of PMF in the cardiovascular system.
Lightweight Distributed Topology Control Algorithms for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Energy efficiency remains a critical design issue for wireless sensor networks. How to maintain the network connectivity and, at the same time, to minimize the energy consumption is a very challenging problem. Different from many previous excellent results, we explore the topology control problem for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Our objective is to propose distributed topology control algorithms, where only local information is kept for all of the nodes. The experimental results show the strengths of the proposed algorithms in the average edge length and the average link length.
SUSY QM and solitons from two coupled scalar fields in two dimensions (1998)

An analysis and application of the supersymmetry (SUSY) in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics involving two-component wave functions for a stability equation corresponding to two coupled real scalar fields is considered. A general positive potential for two coupled real scalar fields in 1+1 dimensions with a SUSY form is investigated in which the associated two-component normal modes are non-negative, which leads to classically stable soliton solutions, and an example is explicitly considered.
DECISION COSTS AND BETTING MARKET EFFICIENCY (2000)

In this research we examine empirically the linkage between decision costs and market efficiency in the context of racetrack betting markets. We analyze more than 10,000 horse races and demonstrate that metrics of non-optimizing behavior are inversely related to the volume of betting: we are less likely to observe evidence of non-optimizing behavior when examining data from racetracks with larger betting pools. The analysis provides empirical support for the decision-cost model in which departures from the predictions of rational economic behavior are explained in terms of the cost of non-optimizing decisions. The decision-cost model reconciles the disparate findings on the efficiency of racetrack betting markets reported in previous research.
Intravitreal Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Transiently Improves Cone-Mediated Function in a<i>CNGB3<sup>−/−</sup></i>Mouse Model of Achromatopsia (2015)

Intravitreal bolus CNTF protein caused a small and transient improvement of cone-mediated function in CNGB3-/- mice, whereas it reduced rod-mediated function. The increase in photopic OPs and the lack of changes in scotopic a-wave suggest a CNTF effect on the inner retina.
Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase with Dominant-Negative FRNK or Hsp90 Inhibitor 17-DMAG Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis of SiHa Cervical Xenografts (2009)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase and key modulator of integrin signaling, is widely expressed in different tissues and cell types. Recent evidence indicates a central function of FAK in neoplasia where the kinase contributes to cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, invasiveness, and metastasis. FAK, like other signaling kinases, is dependent on the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) for its stability and proper function. Thus, inhibition of Hsp90 might be a way of disrupting FAK signaling and, consequently, tumor progression. FAK is expressed in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and metastatic cervical carcinomas but not in nonneoplastic cervical mucosa. In SiHa, a cervical cancer cell line with characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the stable expression of dominant-negative FAK-related nonkinase decreases anchorage independence and delays xenograft growth. FAK-related nonkinase as well as the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin both negatively interfere with FAK signaling and focal adhesion turnover. Short-term 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin treatment prolongs survival in a SiHa lung metastasis model and chronic administration suppresses tumor growth as well as metastatic spread in orthotopic xenografts. Taken together, our data suggest that FAK is of importance for tumor progression in cervical cancer and that disruption of FAK signaling by Hsp90 inhibition might be an avenue to restrain tumor growth as well as metastatic spread.
New 5G air interface: challenges for efficient multi-service coexistence for 5G below 6 GHz (2017)

This chapter has provided a view of the current service and use case landscape for 5G networks. It also performs a selection among these use cases so that a flexible air interface design for spectrum below 6 GHz can be performed. Challenges for this design on link and system levels are then briefly discussed along with their research topics and the evaluation methodology for the corresponding technical components. We finally note that the design of a new air interface is heavily composed of topics requiring standardization, e.g., waveform and frame design, PHY layer procedures, transceiver processing (interference management, multiuser reception, etc.), channel coding, adaptive coding and modulation, etc. These are all topics that imply interfaces, messages, signalling, protocols (all of which are standardized in 3GPP) rather than proprietary algorithmic solutions and an important challenge for researchers is to be able to interact with standardization bodies, especially 3GPP, in a timely manner.
Toward Isolated Molecular Wires:  A pH-Responsive Canopied Polypyrrole (2005)

The design, synthesis, and electropolymerization of sterically hindered pyrrole derivatives are described. Endo and exo adducts of cyclopentadiene and N-phenylmaleimide were converted to give bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-fused pyrrole monomers, in which a phenyl group is rigidly placed proximate the pyrrole fragment. Oxidative polymerization of these monomers affords highly conductive polypyrroles. The rigid molecular scafffold of the pyrrole monomers limits cross-communication between adjacent conducting strands and produces a defined narrow potential window of high conductivity dominated by intrachain polaronic charge carriers. The resultant loosely packed polymer chains allow for superior sensory properties. Notably, the electrical conductivity of oxidatively doped poly(7) could be reversibly modulated in aqueous electrolytes at pH 3−9.
Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests (1993)

Environmental and public health problems arising from the use of chemical insecticides have led to an increasing demand for alternatives for insect pest control. Together with this, widespread public concern resulting in governmental bans on many of the most effective insecticides and development of insecticide resistance has severely reduced the range of useful insecticides available. Alternative control measures such as the biological control of pest insects with parasitoids and predators and microbial biocides have been in field use for several decades. Although these alternatives are being continually improved, most insect pests are nonetheless still controlled with chemical insecticides. This book presents the latest work on the biological control of insects using nematodes; it covers a range of topics that will help provide a better understanding of the potential problems involved in developing these nematodes as biological control agents. Nematodes infect hundreds of different species from most orders of insects and affect their insect hosts in a variety of ways.
Leaky‐Wave Antennas (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History Classification of Leaky-Wave Antennas Physics of Leaky Waves Radiation Properties of One-Dimensional Leaky-Wave Antennas Radiation Properties of Two-Dimensional Leaky-Wave Antennas Conclusions Acknowledgment References
Biosynthesis of Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Extracts of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> and <i>Rumex acetosa</i> Plants (2014)

We report the synthesis and characterization of amorphous iron oxide nanoparticles from iron salts in aqueous extracts of monocotyledonous (Hordeum vulgare) and dicotyledonous (Rumex acetosa) plants. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, absorbance spectroscopy, SAED, EELS, XPS, and DLS methods and were shown to contain mainly iron oxide and iron oxohydroxide. H. vulgare extracts produced amorphous iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters of up to 30 nm. These iron nanoparticles are intrinsically unstable and prone to aggregation; however, we rendered them stable in the long term by addition of 40 mM citrate buffer pH 3.0. In contrast, amorphous iron oxide nanoparticles (diameters of 10-40 nm) produced using R. acetosa extracts are highly stable. The total protein content and antioxidant capacity are similar for both extracts, but pH values differ (H. vulgare pH 5.8 vs R. acetosa pH 3.7). We suggest that the presence of organic acids (such oxalic or citric acids) plays an important role in the stabilization of iron nanoparticles, and that plants containing such constituents may be more efficacious for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles.
Nuclear accessibility of β-actin mRNA is measured by 3D single-molecule real-time tracking (2015)

Imaging single proteins or RNAs allows direct visualization of the inner workings of the cell. Typically, three-dimensional (3D) images are acquired by sequentially capturing a series of 2D sections. The time required to step through the sample often impedes imaging of large numbers of rapidly moving molecules. Here we applied multifocus microscopy (MFM) to instantaneously capture 3D single-molecule real-time images in live cells, visualizing cell nuclei at 10 volumes per second. We developed image analysis techniques to analyze messenger RNA (mRNA) diffusion in the entire volume of the nucleus. Combining MFM with precise registration between fluorescently labeled mRNA, nuclear pore complexes, and chromatin, we obtained globally optimal image alignment within 80-nm precision using transformation models. We show that β-actin mRNAs freely access the entire nucleus and fewer than 60% of mRNAs are more than 0.5 µm away from a nuclear pore, and we do so for the first time accounting for spatial inhomogeneity of nuclear organization.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Inpatient Falls in an Academic Acute-care Hospital (2006)

The present study demonstrates that patient-related factors, such as age and length of stay, and treatment-related factors, such as no surgical procedure and admission to the surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, or urology service, are independent risk factors for inpatient falls. The results suggest that fall-prevention programs should target patients with these risk factors.
Review—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes (2017)

Electrodes prepared from lithium-rich (Li-rich) xLi2MnO3⋅(1-x)LiNiaCobMncO2 materials (a + b + c = 1) show extremely high discharge capacities, arising from excess Li+ present in their Li2MnO3 component, and the ability to reversibly store charge with O2− anions. These electrodes suffer serious voltage and capacity fading however, due to the migration of transition metals to the Li-layer at advanced states of charging, partial structural layered-to-spinel transformation and other reasons. In this focus paper, the current understanding of the above materials is summarized, briefly concluding with attempts by our groups to mitigate the voltage and capacity fade of these electrodes.
High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancers predict short disease-free survival in stage II colon cancer patients (2010)

Approximately 25% of all patients with stage II colorectal cancer will experience recurrent disease and subsequently die within 5 years. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is upregulated in several cancer types and has been associated with survival in colon cancer. In the present study we developed a robust in situ hybridization assay using high-affinity Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) probes that specifically detect miR-21 in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The expression of miR-21 was analyzed by in situ hybridization on 130 stage II colon and 67 stage II rectal cancer specimens. The miR-21 signal was revealed as a blue chromogenic reaction, predominantly observed in fibroblast-like cells located in the stromal compartment of the tumors. The expression levels were measured using image analysis. The miR-21 signal was determined as the total blue area (TB), or the area fraction relative to the nuclear density (TBR) obtained using a red nuclear stain. High TBR (and TB) estimates of miR-21 expression correlated significantly with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.004, HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) in the stage II colon cancer patient group, whereas no significant correlation with disease-free survival was observed in the stage II rectal cancer group. In multivariate analysis both TB and TBR estimates were independent of other clinical parameters (age, gender, total leukocyte count, K-RAS mutational status and MSI). We conclude that miR-21 is primarily a stromal microRNA, which when measured by image analysis identifies a subgroup of stage II colon cancer patients with short disease-free survival.
RETINAL THICKNESS ANALYSIS (RTA) (2002)

Retinal thickness in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy was increased in all measurements in comparison with the findings in healthy subjects. Retinal thickness measurements with the RTA could possibly detect early signs of diabetic retinopathy before funduscopic and photographic signs are visible and may be helpful in guiding treatment.
In situ Formation of NOx and Br Anion for Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols without Transition Metal (2010)

The reaction of KBrO3 and NH2OH˙HCl in situ generates NOx and Br anion, which combine with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (TEMPO) to construct a NO-activating dioxygen, Br-assisted, TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols. Catalyzed by KBrO/NH2OH˙HCl/TEMPO, various benzylic alcohols can be oxidized quantitatively to their corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions. The easy handling and simple product separation make the process an attractive candidate for the oxidation of alcohols.
Scalable multicast routing for ad hoc networks (2008)

Routing in a mobile ad hoc network is challenging because nodes can move at any time, invalidating a previously-discovered route. Multicast routing is even more challenging, because a source needs to maintain a route to potentially many group members simultaneously. Providing scalable solutions to this problem typically requires building a hierarchy or an overlay network to reduce the cost of route discovery and maintenance. In this paper, we show that a much simpler alternative is possible, by using source specific semantics and relying on the unicast routing protocol to find all routes. This separation of concerns enables the multicast routing protocol to focus on minimizing join latency, repair latency, and control overhead. We design a routing protocol based on these principles and demonstrate its effectiveness through simulations.