gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response to Endothelin-1 in Arteries from Human Colorectal Tumours: Role of Endothelin Receptors (2008)

To examine the reaction of tumour arteries to endothelin-1, we obtained arteries supplying blood flow to colorectal tumours from patients, as well as mesenteric arteries supplying the normal colon tissue from the same patients and mesenteric arteries from patients without a colorectal tumour pathology. The contraction in response to endothelin-1 and the relaxation produced by bradykinin was recorded in each of these arteries. Accordingly, the sensitivity to endothelin-1 but not the maximal response, was higher in the arteries supplying colorectal tumours than in mesenteric arteries supplying normal colon or in mesenteric arteries from patients with no tumour pathology. The contraction produced by endothelin-1 was not modified by exposure to L-NAME or meclofenamate in arteries supplying both the tumour and the normal colon. The endothelin ET(A) andET(B) receptors were expressed similarly in arteries supplying the tumour or normal colon. However, the antagonist of the endothelin ET(B) receptors BQ788 (10(-6) M) decreased the contractions in the arteries supplying the tumour but not in those supplying the normal colon. By contrast, the antagonist of endothelin ET(A) receptors BQ123 (10(-6) M) reduced the contraction equally in both these types of arteries. Likewise, in arteries precontracted with U46619, the relaxation in response to bradykinin was similar in all three types of arteries. Together, these results suggest that the arteries supplying human colorectal tumours are more sensitive to endothelin-1, which could be due to the enhanced activity of endothelin ET(B) receptors in the absence of any change in the modulatory effect of nitric oxide or prostanoids in the arterial response to this peptide.
Unsupervised Relation Extraction by Massive Clustering (2009)

The goal of Information Extraction is to automatically generate structured pieces of information from the relevant information contained in text documents. Machine Learning techniques have been applied to reduce the cost of Information Extraction system adaptation. However, elements of human supervision strongly bias the learning process. Unsupervised learning approaches can avoid these biases. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to learning for Relation Detection, based on the use of massive clustering ensembles. The results obtained on the ACE Relation Mention Detection task outperform in terms of F1 score by 5 points the state of the art of unsupervised techniques for this evaluation framework, in addition to being simpler and more flexible.
P-glycoprotein expression and function in circulating blood cells from normal volunteers (1994)

In contrast to its clearly defined role as a multidrug efflux pump in neoplastic cells, the physiologic function of P-glycoprotein (P-gly) in normal cells is unclear. Recent reports identifying P-gly in normal blood and bone marrow suggest that hematopoietic development or function may be dependent on P-gly. To understand the normal function of P-gly in the blood, its level of expression and function must first be quantitated relative to a known standard. In this study, P-gly, MDR1 gene expression, and P-gly function were quantitated in normal leukocytes. P-gly and MDR1 expression were analyzed in individual leukocyte lineages (T-helper, T-suppressor, monocyte, granulocyte, B- lymphocyte, NK cell) from normal volunteers. P-gly on the cell surface was detected by fluorescent double-labeling for lineage (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD56, respectively) and P-gly (MRK16) with analysis by flow cytometry and in some cases immunoblot analysis. MDR1 mRNA analysis on purified lineages was performed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. P-gly function was determined for each lineage using dual-labeling for lineage and P-gly substrate (rhodamine 123). The P-gly expressing human myeloma cell line, 8226/Dox6, was used as a reference of comparison for levels of P-gly, MDR1 mRNA, and function. CD56+ cells expressed the highest levels of MDR1 mRNA followed by CD8+ > CD4+ approximately equal to CD15+ > CD19+ > CD14+, with percentage values relative to Dox6 of 49%, 17%, 8%, 8%, 4%, and 2%, respectively. The assays for P-gly immunofluorescence and function correlated well with mRNA analysis except for CD15+ cells (granulocytes), which showed a moderate MDR1 mRNA level with a lack of both function and surface P-gly staining. Granulocyte membranes did show P-gly on immunoblot analysis when probed with either C219 or JSB1. We conclude that (1) P-gly and the MDR1 mRNA are expressed in normal leukocytes, (2) this P-gly expression is lineage specific with relatively high levels among CD56+ cells, and (3) the expression of P- gly in granulocytes is not associated with transport of the P-gly substrate, rhodamine 123, out of the cell.
Construction, expression, purification and functional analysis of recombinant NFκB p50/p65 heterodimer (1999)

NFkappaB plays an important role in mediating the gene expression of numerous cellular processes such as growth, development, the inflammatory response and virus proliferation. The p50/p65 heterodimer is the most abundant form of the NFkappaB dimers and plays a more elaborate role in gene regulation. Biochemical research on p50/p65 NFkappaB has not benefited however from the availability of easily purified recombinant protein. We report two methods for the large scale expression and purification of recombinant NFkappaB p50/p65 heterodimer. The first utilizes a bacterial double expression vector which contains two ribosomal binding sites to facilitate the coexpression of the polypeptides in the p50/p65 NFkappaB heterodimer. The second method uses a mixed protein refolding strategy. Both methods yield crystallizable protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirm that the DNA binding affinity is independent of the method used to purify the protein. These methods will facilitate the numerous studies on various NFkappaB/Rel family members.
Establishment and development of intestinal microbiota in preterm neonates (2011)

Microbial colonization of the infant gut is essential for the development of the intestine and the immune system. The profile of intestinal microbiota in the full-term, vaginally delivered, breast-fed infant is considered as ideally healthy. However, in preterm infants this process is challenging, mainly because of organ immaturity, antibiotics use, and hospital stay. To assist in a proper microbiota development in these infants, a detailed knowledge of the colonization process, and the differences from that of full-term breast-fed infants, is needed. We assessed the establishment of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activity in preterm neonates (n = 21) during the first 3 months of life and compared it with that of vaginally delivered, exclusively breast-fed full-term infants (n = 20) using qualitative and quantitative culture-independent methods. Differences in the gut microbiota composition between both groups were observed. Preterm infants showed higher levels of facultative anaerobic microorganisms and reduced levels of strict anaerobes such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Atopobium. Short-chain fatty acids concentrations were lower in preterm infants during the first days of life. Alterations occur in the process of microbiota establishment in preterm infants, indicating the need for intervention strategies to counteract them.
The effective diffusive permeability of a nonreacting solute in microbial cell aggregates (1988)

Aggregates of Escherichia coli confined within hollowfiber reactors were either formed in place by culturing cells within the reactors, or were prepared by injecting a cell suspension that had been concentrated by centrifugation. The effective diffusive permeability of an uncharged nonreacting tracer, nitrous oxide, within the cell aggregates was calculated from measurements of the tracer flux through the aggregates. Estimates of the hydraulic permeability were also obtained for the aggregates that were grown in place. The effective diffusive permeability was found to decrease with increasing cell volume fraction to a value, for aggregates comprising 95% cells, of ca. 30% that obtained for cell-free buffer solution. The dependence on the cell volume fraction was described adequately by the well-known HashinShtrikman bounds for a two-phase medium. The transport properties of aggregates cultivated in place were not significantly different from those of aggregates prepared by centrifugation. Furthermore, the effective diffusive permeabilities of the tracer in aggregates prepared from cells treated with detergent or disrupted by dehydration and grinding differed only slightly from the values obtained for aggregates formed from untreated cells. The results suggest that the method of formation of the cell aggregate and the details of the structure of the cells have little influence on the effective diffusive permeability. These findings should be applicable to the transport of other small uncharged solutes, such as oxygen, that can diffuse through cells. The hydraulic permeability estimates for the aggregates cultured in place were several orders of magnitude larger than the values predicted by a theory formulated with the assumption that the cells are impervious to flow and homogeneously distributed within the aggregates. Two possible reasons for this discrepancy are, first, that there is some flow through the cells themselves, and second, that the cells may form discrete clusters separated by relatively open regions.
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) Based Fault Location of Series Compensated Transmission Lines (2012)

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have gained a great popularity in the field of control and wide area protection during the last decade. One of the major protection applications based on PMUs technology is to determine the fault location in a transmission line. Therefore, several researches have been developed in the field of fault location. Some of the researches are based on one-end measurements. But, a greater accuracy has been achieved on the basis of two-end measurements. Many researchers suggested only voltage measurements to avoid the current transformers (CT) errors. While, others suggested methods depend on both voltages and current measurements with a higher accuracy CTs. A few researches have been developed in fault location of series compensated line. This paper introduces a generalized model of fault location algorithm for both uncompensated and series compensated transmission line. The proposed algorithm is based on the distributed parameters of the transmission line in the determination of fault location. Moreover, the proposed algorithm utilizes the synchronized measurements of voltages and currents at both ends of the line. The proposed algorithm is general for any allocation of series compensation elements. The proposed algorithm is tested through the PSCAD offline simulation program and the mathematical analysis with the aid MATLAB.
Zero-Forcing and MMSE Precoding for G.fast (2015)

Hybrid copper/fiber networks bridge the gap between the fiber link at the distribution point and the customer by using copper wires over the last meters. The G.fast transmission technology has been designed to be used in such a fiber to the distribution point (FTTdp) network. Crosstalk management using MIMO precoding in downlink and MIMO equalization in uplink is a key to the required performance of FTTdp. Currently, there are mostly linear and nonlinear zero-forcing (ZF) methods discussed for precoding in G.fast. This paper presents a spectrum optimization algorithm for both zero-forcing precoding methods. Minimum mean squared error (MMSE) precoding shows significant advantages under certain channel conditions. A performance comparison of MMSE precoding for G.fast with linear and nonlinear zero-forcing methods indicates that MMSE precoding outperforms standard linear and nonlinear ZF precoding. Applying the proposed spectrum optimization brings all three methods to a similar performance.
Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transfer and Molecular Biology. (1995)

Severa1 types of reduced carbon com- pounds, including fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, can serve as the primary reducing substrates for plant respi- ration. However, the most common substrate used by plant tissues for respiration is carbohydrate (CHpO). The complete oxidation of a carbohydrate releases a large amount of free energy, much of which is coupled to the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATI? When sucrose (Cl2H=0,1) is the substrate, aer- obic respiration can be divided into three distinct phases: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the coupled processes of mitochondrial electron transfer and ATP synthe- sis. Except for glycolysis, all of the metabolic steps of aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondrion. Like mitochon- dria found in other eukaryotes, plant mitochondria are roughly spherical subcellular organelles that usually range from
Therapeutic Virtual Reality for Nyctophobic Disorder (2019)

Virtual Reality has become prevalent and available in the present digital era. The technological advancement generates not only beneficial but also apprehensive consequences, such as life threatening and mental hallucination. Psychological anxious disorders, for example fear of darkness and height, have been found to be an impediment in living among societies. In order to lend an assistance to alleviate these hindering symptoms, the current study developed a Virtual Reality (VR) based therapy for a nyctophobic disorder. The therapeutic program was developed by using three-dimensional (3D) and game-engine softwares. The developed system was operated on a high-performance personal computer and presented to users through fully immersive VR gears: head-mounted display and sensory handheld remote controls. The effectiveness of the program system and usage satisfaction were examined by medical and VR experts, and twenty diagnosed individuals with a nyctophobic disorder. The system program was assessed to be at a highest level (x = 4.56). The operating system and satisfaction were highly rated (x = 4.60). The results indicated that the program development in the study is practical for treating nyctophobia and can be applicable to future research.
A suboptimal embedding algorithm with low complexity for binary data hiding (2012)

A novel suboptimal hiding algorithm for binary data based on weight approximation embedding, WAE, is proposed. Given a specified embedding rate, this algorithm exhibits an advantage of efficient binary embedding with reduced embedding complexity. The suboptimal WAE algorithm performs an embedding procedure through a parity check matrix. The optimal embedding based on maximal likelihood algorithm aims to locate the coset leader to minimize the embedding distortion. On the contrary, the WAE algorithm looks for a target vector close to the coset leader in an efficiently iterative manner. Given an linear embedding code C(n, k), the embedding complexity using the optimal algorithm is O(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sup> ), while the complexity in the suboptimal WAE is reduced to O(sk) where s is the average iterations.
Rapamycin/IL-2 Combination Therapy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Augments Tregs yet Transiently Impairs β-Cell Function (2012)

Rapamycin/interleukin-2 (IL-2) combination treatment of NOD mice effectively treats autoimmune diabetes. We performed a phase 1 clinical trial to test the safety and immunologic effects of rapamycin/IL-2 combination therapy in type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. Nine T1D subjects were treated with 2-4 mg/day rapamycin orally for 3 months and 4.5 × 10(6) IU IL-2 s.c. three times per week for 1 month. β-Cell function was monitored by measuring C-peptide. Immunologic changes were monitored using flow cytometry and serum analyses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased within the first month of therapy, yet clinical and metabolic data demonstrated a transient worsening in all subjects. The increase in Tregs was transient, paralleling IL-2 treatment, whereas the response of Tregs to IL-2, as measured by STAT5 phosphorylation, increased and persisted after treatment. No differences were observed in effector T-cell subset frequencies, but an increase in natural killer cells and eosinophils occurred with IL-2 therapy. Rapamycin/IL-2 therapy, as given in this phase 1 study, resulted in transient β-cell dysfunction despite an increase in Tregs. Such results highlight the difficulties in translating therapies to the clinic and emphasize the importance of broadly interrogating the immune system to evaluate the effects of therapy.
Thermochemical Heat Transformation: Study of The Ammonia/Magnesium Chloride-Gic Pair in A Laboratory Pilot (1994)

Abstract An improved thermochemical heat exchange system is herein described. It uses an ammonia/magnesium chloride graphite intercalation compound couple which is alternately heated and cooled. The stored energy can be restituted in the form of heat or cold. The use of graphite intercalation compounds increases the mass and heat transfers, and thus improves the heating/cooling energy and power.
Sunlight‐Induced Photo‐Thermochromic Supramolecular Nanocomposite Hydrogel Film for Energy‐Saving Smart Window (2018)

An ideal energy‐saving smart window can not only provide a comfortable indoor temperature to avoid energy consumption of air‐conditioning but also require low energy consumption for the material itself. However, current studies on smart windows either need extra consumption of electric and heat energy for switching or still face some challenges such as high indoor temperature and low durability. Herein, a supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogel film is prepared by integrating ethylene glycol‐modified pillar[5]arene ( EGP5 ) and antimony‐tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles. Owing to the thermo‐responsiveness of EGP5 and plasmonic heating induced by near‐infrared (NIR) absorption of ATO, the obtained film exhibits an outstanding photo‐thermochromic effect, which results in excellent sunlight‐induced solar modulation. Meanwhile, the film possesses high repeatability and durability based on the dynamicity and reversibility of EGP5 ‐based host–guest interaction. Therefore, this supramolecular film is further applicable in the fabrication of smart windows for the investigation of regulating indoor temperature. The result demonstrates that the obtained smart window based on this supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogel film can preferentially trigger its sunlight‐induced photo‐thermochromic effect to achieve a cool indoor temperature for a more comfortable life.
Brown dwarf circumstellar disk structure (2005)

We present synthetic spectra for circumstellar disks that are heated by radiation from a central brown dwarf. Under the assumption of vertical hydrostatic equilibrium, our models yield scaleheights for brown dwarf disks in excess of three times those derived for classical T Tauri (CTTS) disks. Such highly flared disks around brown dwarfs will result in a large fraction of obscured sources due to extinction of direct starlight by the disk over a wide range of sightlines This could impact on the optical and near-IR detectability of such
Mammalian designer cells: Engineering principles and biomedical applications (2015)

Biotechnology is a widely interdisciplinary field focusing on the use of living cells or organisms to solve established problems in medicine, food production and agriculture. Synthetic biology, the science of engineering complex biological systems that do not exist in nature, continues to provide the biotechnology industry with tools, technologies and intellectual property leading to improved cellular performance. One key aspect of synthetic biology is the engineering of deliberately reprogrammed designer cells whose behavior can be controlled over time and space. This review discusses the most commonly used techniques to engineer mammalian designer cells; while control elements acting on the transcriptional and translational levels of target gene expression determine the kinetic and dynamic profiles, coupling them to a variety of extracellular stimuli permits their remote control with user-defined trigger signals. Designer mammalian cells with novel or improved biological functions not only directly improve the production efficiency during biopharmaceutical manufacturing but also open the door for cell-based treatment strategies in molecular and translational medicine. In the future, the rational combination of multiple sets of designer cells could permit the construction and regulation of higher-order systems with increased complexity, thereby enabling the molecular reprogramming of tissues, organisms or even populations with highest precision.
ATENUAÇÃO DA LESÃO PULMONAR AGUDA INDUZIDA POR SEPSE EM CAMUNDONGOS COM ALERGIA ALIMENTAR MEDIADA POR IgE (2017)

Introducao: A sepse apresenta elevado indice de mortalidade apesar da terapia antimicrobiana. Conhecimento sobre o processo fisiopatologico da sepse auxiliara na terapeutica e na reducao da morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da lesao pulmonar aguda (LPA)/sindrome do desconforto respiratorio agudo (SDRA) induzida pela sepse em camundongos com alergia alimentar mediada pela imunoglobulina E (IgE). Metodo: Cinquenta camundongos BALB/C machos (6 semanas) foram randomizados em grupo alergico (AL) e controle (C). A alergia alimentar foi induzida por administracao subcutânea de ovalbumina (10 mg). Os animais receberam solucao aquosa contendo clara de ovo (desafio oral). A alergia foi confirmada pelo teste sorologico ELISA. A SDRA foi induzida por sepse, pela cirurgia de ligadura e perfuracao de cecum (AL-SEPSIS e SEPSIS), e o grupo controle foi submetido a cirurgia ficiticia (sham) (AL e C).  A eutanasia ocorreu 24 horas apos a inducao da SDRA e 48 horas apos o desafio oral. Foram coletados o lavado broncoalveolar para analise das celulas inflamatorias e o pulmao, em capacidade residual funcional (CRF), para analise histologica e morfometrica. Resultados: O grupo alergico aumentou os niveis de IgE circulante. Espessamento da parede alveolar e infiltrado de celulas inflamatorias foram maiores em todos os grupos comparados com o grupo C. Os grupos AL e AL-SEPSIS nao diferiram entre si mas exibiram menor espessamento da parede alveolar e infiltrado de celulas inflamatorias em comparacao com o grupo SEPSIS. Resultados similares foram observados no lavado broncoalveolar. Concl usao: A alergia alimentar mediada por IgE atenua o espessamento da parede alveolar e o infiltrado inflamatorio pulmonar em camundongos com sepse. Palavras-chave: Sepse; Alergia alimentar; Sindrome do desconforto respiratorio agudo; Lesao pulmonar aguda.
Symmetry and constancy in the perception of negative and positive luminance contrast (1984)

The perception of suprathreshold luminance contrast was investigated by forced-choice psychophysical procedures that were designed to define contrast equivalence relations. Observers compared the perceived contrast of rectangular bars that were presented for 500 msec at 3.9 deg on opposite sides of the fovea. The results show a nearly symmetrical relation between the perception of negative and positive contrast that is largely invariant over four decades of background luminance. Thus, for any fixed background luminance, equal absolute contrasts evoke approximately equal perceived contrasts. Symmetry also held with variations in the width, the eccentricity, and the focus of the bars. Symmetry was investigated further by determining equivalent contrast relations for negative contrasts as a function of background luminance and by contrast scaling. These results show evidence for nearly perfect contrast constancy for targets of low to moderate contrast and departures form constancy for high-contrast targets. These new findings on negative contrast, symmetry, and contrast constancy are discussed in relation to underlying mechanisms for contrast perception and classic experiments on brightness and lightness constancy.