gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 22.3dB Voltage Gain 6.1dB NF 60GHz LNA in 65nm CMOS with Differential Output (2008)

This paper describes a 60GHz LNA, implemented in a 65nm digital CMOS technology, that has a single-ended input and a differenntial output. At 59.3GHz, the LNA achieves a maximum voltage gain of 22.3dB (power gain of 19.3dB). The input matching is better than -lOdB over the entire 3dB bandwidth from 55.8GHz to 63.5GHz. The LNA has a minimum measured NF of 6.1dB, an output compression point of +2.7dBm and draws 29mA from a 1.2V supply.
The Pivotal Role of Adrenomedullin in Producing Hyperdynamic Circulation During the Early Stage of Sepsis (1998)

The results suggest that increased ADM production and/or release plays a major role in producing hyperdynamic responses during early sepsis. Since our previous studies have shown that vascular responsiveness to ADM decreases in late sepsis, maintenance of ADM vascular responsiveness by pharmacological agents during the course of sepsis may prevent transition from the hyperdynamic to the hypodynamic state.
Single-Crystal and Twinned Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> Nanowires with Axial Periodical Structures (2007)

Single-crystal Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanowires were synthesized by thermal evaporation of a mixture of Zn and SnO powders at 1000 °C. The ZTO nanowires showed unique periodical structures in contrast to the traditional nanowires. It was found that the yield of the single-crystal ZTO nanowires was strongly dependent on the weight ratio of Zn and SnO in the source mixture. With the decrease of Zn content in the source, twinned ZTO nanowires with alternating (11̅1) twins along the axial direction can be obtained. The formation mechanism of these ZTO nanostructures is discussed. The photoluminescence of the ZTO nanowires was measured.
Comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic Zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic (2016)

Less than 20 sporadic cases of human Zika virus (ZIKV) infection were reported in Africa and Asia before 2007, but large outbreaks involving up to 73% of the populations on the Pacific islands have started since 2007, and spread to the Americas in 2014. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of ZIKV infection has apparently changed, as evident by increasing reports of neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and congenital anomalies in neonates. We comprehensively compared the genome sequences of pre-epidemic and epidemic ZIKV strains with complete genome or complete polyprotein sequences available in GenBank. Besides the reported phylogenetic clustering of the epidemic strains with the Asian lineage, we found that the topology of phylogenetic tree of all coding regions is the same except that of the non-structural 2B (NS2B) coding region. This finding was confirmed by bootscan analysis and multiple sequence alignment, which suggested the presence of a fragment of genetic recombination at NS2B with that of Spondweni virus. Moreover, the representative epidemic strain possesses one large bulge of nine bases instead of an external loop on the first stem-loop structure at the 3'-untranslated region just distal to the stop codon of the NS5 in the 1947 pre-epidemic prototype strain. Fifteen amino acid substitutions are found in the epidemic strains when compared with the pre-epidemic strains. As mutations in other flaviviruses can be associated with changes in virulence, replication efficiency, antigenic epitopes and host tropism, further studies would be important to ascertain the biological significance of these genomic changes.
Steroid hormones for contraception in men (2004)

No male hormonal contraceptive is ready for clinical use. All trials published to date have been small exploratory studies. As a result, their power to detect important differences has been limited and their results imprecise. In addition, the definition of oligospermia has been imprecise or inconsistent in many reports. To avoid bias, future trials need more attention to the methodological requirements for randomized controlled trials. Trials with adequate power would also be helpful.
The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis (2013)

Lupus nephritis is an immune complex GN that develops as a frequent complication of SLE. The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis involves a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. The extrarenal etiology of systemic lupus is based on multiple combinations of genetic variants that compromise those mechanisms normally assuring immune tolerance to nuclear autoantigens. This loss of tolerance becomes clinically detectable by the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In addition, nucleic acids released from netting or apoptotic neutrophils activate innate and adaptive immunity via viral nucleic acid-specific Toll-like receptors. Therefore, many clinical manifestations of systemic lupus resemble those of viral infection. In lupus, endogenous nuclear particles trigger IFN-α signaling just like viral particles during viral infection. As such, dendritic cells, T helper cells, B cells, and plasma cells all contribute to the aberrant polyclonal autoimmunity. The intrarenal etiology of lupus nephritis involves antibody binding to multiple intrarenal autoantigens rather than the deposition of circulating immune complexes. Tertiary lymphoid tissue formation and local antibody production add to intrarenal complement activation as renal immunopathology progresses. Here we provide an update on the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to lupus nephritis and provide the rationale for the latest and novel treatment strategies.
Model-based characterization of homogeneous metal plates by four-point alternating current potential drop measurements (2005)

We determined the conductivity, relative permeability, and thickness of homogeneous metal plates from four-point measurements of alternating current potential drop (ACPD) over the frequency range 1 Hz to 10 kHz. We developed simple analytical expressions from which these parameters can be calculated. In the low-frequency regime, in which the measured voltage tends to a constant, real value, the relative permeability of the plate does not influence the ACPD voltage. For known plate thickness, conductivity can be easily determined, even for ferrous metals. For known conductivity, plate thickness can be determined. Relative permeability can be obtained from measurements at higher frequency, for known conductivity and thickness. The inductance of the pickup circuit can also be determined from higher frequency measurements. This practical technique is especially useful for conductivity or plate thickness measurements in configurations where access is restricted to one side of the plate. We studied brass, aluminum, stainless steel, spring steel, and carbon steel plates. Our results agree with available independent measurements.
Novel Characteristics of Electroluminescent Diode with Organic Multiple-Quantum-Well Structure (1995)

Novel electroluminescent characteristics of the organic multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structure have been discussed in comparison with MQW structures which consist of cyclopentadiene derivatives (PPCP) and aromatic diamine (TPD) and of aluminum quinoline ( Alq 3 ) and aromatic diamine (TPD). Energy transfer of excitons has been found in both PPCP/TPD and Alq 3 /TPD systems. Unique electroluminescent characteristics in terms of polarization characteristics and emission spectrum have been discussed for the PPCP/TPD MQW system in comparison with the Alq 3 /TPD MQW system.
The frequencies of naturally occurring protease inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV proviral sequences of drug naïve sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya and their correlation with host immune response driven positively selected mutations in HIV-1 (2014)

Background Sub Saharan Africa accounts for 69% of the people living with HIV globally. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has saved 9 million life years in Sub Saharan Africa. However, drug resistance mutations reduce the effectiveness of ART, and need to be monitored for effective ART. Naturally occurring primary antiretroviral drug resistance mutations have not been well analyzed in ART naive HIV+ patients from Kenya.
Phenyl-calix[4]arene-Based Fluorescent Sensors:  Cooperative Binding for Carboxylates (2007)

Tetrakis-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-substituted and tetrakis-(4-amidophenyl)-substituted calix[4]arenes as well as the monomeric biphenylcarbamate have been synthesized as fluorescent receptors for anion sensing. Their binding properties with various anions including F-, CH3COO-, Ph-COO-, and H2PO4- were investigated by fluorescence titrations, Job plot experiments, 1H NMR spectroscopies, and ESI-MS measurements. Importantly, we have found that calix[4]arene-based sensors exhibit greatly enhanced binding affinity and selectivity toward carboxylates. The binding associations of tetrakis-(4-carbamoylphenyl)-substituted calix[4]arene for carboxylates are 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than those of the monomeric biphenylcarbamate sensor. Such an enhancement in the binding affinity and selectivity is attributed to the cooperative binding of the multiple ligating groups as revealed from the ab inito DFT calculations. Although tetrakis-(4-amidophenyl)-substituted calix[4]arene exhibited relatively weaker binding affinity toward anions, its superior binding selectivity for acetate ion over fluoride ion is evident. Our results also suggest that carbamate functionality is a useful H-bond donor for hydrogen-bonding interactions in molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry.
Metal ion‐mediated nitric oxide generation from polyurethanes via covalently linked copper(II)‐cyclen moieties (2009)

Polyurethanes are widely used in the manufacturing of biomedical catheters and other blood-contacting devices; however, thrombus formation still occurs, which renders these catheters ineffective unless systemic anticlotting agents are used. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known inhibitor of platelet activity. In the current study, two commercially available medical polyurethanes (Pellethane and Tecophilic) were derivatized to possess NO-generating Cu(II)-cyclen moieties pendant to the polymer backbone. A new three-step synthetic approach is used, that is simpler than a recently reported method to prepare Cu(II)-cyclen-polyurethane materials. Both derivatized polyurethanes were found to produce NO at levels at or above those of endothelial cells. A comparison between the modified commercial polyurethanes (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic) is presented, including the synthetic scheme, extensive characterization, and coating application. These derivatized polymers may serve as useful coatings to prevent clotting on the surface of catheters and other blood-contacting biomedical devices.
Steroid-Loaded Hemostatic Nanoparticles Combat Lung Injury after Blast Trauma (2015)

In response to the lack of therapeutics for internal bleeding following a traumatic event, we synthesized hemostatic dexamethasone nanoparticles (hDNP) to help alleviate internal hemorrhaging. hDNP consist of a block copolymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(l-lysine)-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated to a peptide, glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (GRGDS). These particles were evaluated as treatment for primary blast lung injury in a rodent model. Animals were randomly placed into test and control groups, exposed to blast and given immediate injection. Recovery was assessed using physiological parameters and immunohistochemistry. We found that dexamethasone-loaded hemostatic nanoparticles alleviate physiological deprivation caused by blast injury and reduce lung injury damage.
A somatostatin analogue inhibits MAP kinase activation and cell proliferation in human neuroblastoma and in human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines (1996)

Somatostatin possesses antisecretory and antiproliferative activity on some human tumors. We herein report that, in a human neuroblastoma cell line, the somatostatin analogue BIM 23014 inhibited mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity stimulated by either insulin-like growth factor-1, whose receptor bears a tyrosine kinase, or carbachol, which acts at a G-protein coupled receptor. In a human small cell lung carcinoma line BIM inhibited serum-stimulated MAP kinase activation. These inhibitory actions occur in a dose range quite similar to that observed for suppression of proliferation induced by the analogue in the same cell lines. The decrease in cAMP elicited by the analogue in the two cell lines is not responsible for its inhibitory action on MAP kinase and cell growth. Moreover, the analogue did not modify intracellular [Ca2+] and pH. An involvement of a phosphatase activity is suggested.
An Improved Method for the Isolation of Lentinan from the Edible and Medicinal Shiitake Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Agaricomycetideae) (2001)

A more efficient procedure for the extraction of β-D-glucan from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing, (shiitake mushroom) was designed in this study. The β-D-glucan isolated through ethanol precipitation and freeze drying in liquid nitrogen was found to be lentinan. Purity tests carried out using a carbohydrate analysis column, a chromatographic method, has shown a significant lentinan purity of 87.50%. The commercial value of this method is increased further by its being less time consuming, more efficient, and of low cost. Three experiments involving mouse models were designed to evaluate the efficacy of this extract. The pretreatment cohort was to administer this lentinan for 7 days before inoculation with the K36 cells (murine leukemic cell line). In the simultaneous-treatment cohort lentinan was administered together with the inoculation of K36 cells for 7 days. Lastly, in the posttreatment cohort, lentinan was administered 7 days after tumor cells had been inoculated. The highest antitumor activity was observed with the pretreatment cohort. Tumor inhibition rates (TIRs) of 94.44%, 88.59%, and 83.14% were observed with pretreatment, simultaneous-treatment, and posttreatment, respectively. In comparison, a crude L. edodes homogenate showed TIRs of 55.20%, 45.32%, and 43.06%, respectively, for the three experiments. This indicated that extracted lentinan was much more effective in the prevention of tumor formation. Ultrastructural studies revealed a drastic reduction in the number of retroviruses in the induced tumor and most of those were defective. In addition, significant induction of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2 was observed in the mouse model. Thus, host T-cell stimulations by lentinan could well have a role in the antitumor activity observed.
Sensing Learner Interest Through Eye Tracking (2021)

Due to the rapidly growing of the amount of information, a stronger need emerges for efficient and flexible strategies for personalisation of the educational content. E-learning systems are very helpful for learners, however, people differ in knowledge level, learning styles and may seek for different information when they access web based e-learning systems. Therefore, content adapted to the user’s needs should be supported by the e-learning systems. In this paper we introduce a new e-learning environment that makes use of eye tracking mechanism to follow learner interest in certain topics and to perform content personalisation. The framework of the e-learning system is presented. Furthermore, an exemplification of the e-learning environment is provided.
Information-Hiding URLs for EasierWebsite Evolution (2006)

Many common elements of URLs do not adhere to the principle of information hiding. For example, filename extensions and parameter names can reveal volatile implementation details. As a result, when Website implementations change, links between pages break. Bookmarks and code that generates URLs often break as well. In this paper, we present two tools for information-hiding URLs. An information-hiding URL uses an alias to identify a Web resource and appends parameter values into the hierarchical structure of the URL. The InformationHidingFilter uses a Java Servlet filter to facilitate the use of information-hiding URLs with JSP/Servlet Web applications. Given a request, the filter identifies the JSP or Servlet being requested and identifies parameter values contained in the information-hiding URL. Required values not provided in the URL are automatically substituted with default values specified by the Web developer. Thus, old links remain valid even when the Website changes and new parameters have been added to the page. The InformationHidingChecker helps Web developers adhere to information hiding by helping them identify JSPs or Servlets that lack URL information for the InformationHidingFilter or lack default values for parameters. We also discuss the performance cost of using information-hiding URLs
The Measurement of Low Interfacial Tension <i>via</i> the Spinning Drop Technique (1975)

Introduction A method for obtaining interfacial and surface tensions by measuring the shape of a drop of liquid or bubble of gas in a more dense liquid contained in a rotating horizontal tube was first suggested by Plateau's (1) experiments. Beer (2) in 1855 considered the problem of the shape of the drop in some detail, as did Lord Rayleigh (3) in 1914. It was not until 1942, however, that Vonnegut (4) suggested the method be used for measuring surface and interfacial tensions. Vonnegut's method rested on the approximation that the drop could be treated as a cylinder with hemispherical ends and thus avoided having to solve exactly for the drop shape. The diameter of the cylinder was the sole dimension of interest used to calculate the tension. Silberberg (5) improved Vonnegut's method by calculating correction factors for low speeds or small volumes. Rosenthal (6) in 1962 considered the stability
Sparse equalization for real-time digital underwater acoustic communications (2002)

Due to the very long reverberation time of many ocean channels, the size of the adaptive filters required for conventional equalization becomes large, rendering the computational complexity of the adaptive receiver unacceptable for many cases of practical interest. To overcome this problem we exploit the natural sparseness of the reverberation pattern. By focusing only on those intervals which contain a significant portion of the signal energy, the sparse equalization method provides data detection using a minimum complexity adaptive receiver subject to an upper bound on the signal estimation error. Experimental results demonstrate an order of magnitude reduction in computational complexity with a negligible loss in performance.
Random Oracle Instantiation in Distributed Protocols Using Trusted Platform Modules (2007)

The random oracle model is an idealized theoretical model that has been successfully used for designing many cryptographic algorithms and protocols. Unfortunately, a series of results has shown that proofs of security in the idealized random oracle model do not translate into security in the standard model (basically synonymous with "real systems"), so the reasoning that protocols designed using random oracles are secure on real systems is heuristic at best, and fundamentally flawed at worst. In this paper, we consider how architectural changes taking place in real systems today, specifically the introduction of the trusted platform module, affect the realizability of random oracles. In particular, we show how a TPM that is only trivially enhanced from real, standard TPMs can leverage one of its most powerful capabilities - the capability of keeping secrets from the host in which it resides - in order to provide functionality that is indistinguishable from a true random oracle to any polynomial time adversary. In addition to a careful description of how this works, we provide security proofs based on assumptions of TPM security, and provide concrete performance estimates through benchmarks using a current TPM. To prove the security of our TPM-based scheme, we formally define and prove properties about a cryptographic primitive which we call a "hybrid pseudorandom function" that may be of independent interest.
Polymer Biodegradation and Biodegradable Polymers - a Review (2010)

Synthetic polymers are important in many branches of industry, for example in the packaging industry. However, they have an undesirable influence on the environment and cause problems with waste deposition and utilization. Thus, there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with polymers that undergo biodegradable processes. Increasing interest in applying polymers based on natural materials such as starch has been observed. This review describes biodegradation processes of xenobiotics such as aromatic compounds, plastics (PVA, polyesters, polyethylene, and nylon), and polymer blends (Starch/Polyethylene, Starch/Polyester, and Starch/PVA). Moreover, this review includes information about biodegradable polymers such as mixtures of synthetic polymers and substances that are easy digestible by microorganisms (chemically modified starch, starch-polymer composites, thermoplastic starch, and biodegradable packing materials), synthetic materials with groups susceptible to hydrolytic microbial attack (polycaprolactone), and biopolyesters (poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates). Production of this kind of material and introducing it to the market is important for the natural environmental. It may result in decreasing the volume of waste dumps.
3-Trifluoromethyl-3-aryldiazirine photolabels with enhanced ambient light stability (2016)

Ambient light stable 3-trifluoromethyl-3-aryldiazirine photolabels are developed via stabilization of the strained three membered diazirine ring by replacing the phenyl ring with electron withdrawing heterocyclic rings. Photolabeling studies reveal that these ambient light stable photolabels are equally efficient in photolabeling target proteins as the traditional 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine and found to significantly increase the aqueous solubility of the photoaffinity labels.
A dendritic cell vaccine against invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have a remarkable functional plasticity in response to conidia and hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. In the present study we sought to assess the capacity of DCs activated by live fungi or fungal RNA to generate antifungal immunity in vivo. We found that both human and murine DCs pulsed with live fungi or transfected with fungal RNA underwent functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of histocompatibility class II antigen and costimulatory molecules and the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in response to conidia or conidial RNA and of IL-4/IL-10 in response to hyphae or hyphal RNA. DCs pulsed with conidia or transfected with conidial RNA activated antigen-specific, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo on adoptive transfer in mice otherwise susceptible to aspergillosis. TH1-dependent antifungal resistance could also be induced in mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants and was associated with an accelerated recovery of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Because the efficacy of the infusion of DCs was superior to that obtained on the adoptive transfer of Aspergillus-specific T cells, these results indicate the vaccinating potential of DCs pulsed with Aspergillus conidia or conidial RNA in hematopoietic transplantation.