gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Monolithic Zeolites with Macropores (2006)

Monolithic polycrystalline zeolites with through-macropores were prepared by steam treatment of bimodal porous silica gel monolith in the presence of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, where the bimodal porous silica gel was prepared by inducing phase separation during sol-gel process. The silica skeleton with mesopores was transformed into polycrystalline zeolites maintaining continuous macropore morphology and monolithic shape. In the zeolites, there are three different pores arranged hierarchically: through-macropores originally existed in the precursor silica gel, small macropores at interstitial of zeolite crystallites, and micropores in zeolite framework.
Superconducting Magnets for Ultra Light and Magnetically Shielded, Compact Cyclotrons for Medical, Scientific, and Security Applications (2014)

We show that multiple sets of superconducting coils can be used to generate the magnetic field profile required in a synchrocyclotron, replacing the ferromagnetic pole pieces typically used in these machines. Coil number, location, and current are adjusted to produce the required field for particle acceleration. Superconducting coils are likewise used to magnetically shield the device, eliminating the need for a ferromagnetic return yoke or ferromagnetic shields. The results demonstrate several significant advantages for a design that eliminates the iron yoke and poles and relies instead on high performance superconducting coils for local field shaping and for magnetic shielding.
Detection of Acute HIV-1 Infection by RT-LAMP (2015)

A rapid, cost-effective diagnostic test for the detection of acute HIV-1 infection is highly desired. Isothermal amplification techniques, such as reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), exhibit characteristics that are ideal for the development of a rapid nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) because they are quick, easy to perform and do not require complex, dedicated equipment and laboratory space. In this study, we assessed the ability of the HIV-1 RT-LAMP assay to detect acute HIV infection as compared to a representative rapid antibody test and several FDA-approved laboratory-based assays. The HIV-1 RT-LAMP assay detected seroconverting individuals one to three weeks earlier than a rapid HIV antibody test and up to two weeks earlier than a lab-based antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) combo enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RT-LAMP was not as sensitive as a lab-based qualitative RNA assay, which could be attributed to the significantly smaller nucleic acid input volume. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of detecting acute HIV infection using the RT-LAMP assay. The availability of a rapid NAAT, such as the HIV-1 RT-LAMP assay, at the point of care (POC) or in laboratories that do not have access to large platform NAAT could increase the percentage of individuals who receive an acute HIV infection status or confirmation of their HIV status, while immediately linking them to counseling and medical care. In addition, early knowledge of HIV status could lead to reduced high-risk behavior at a time when individuals are at a higher risk for transmitting the virus.
Trade-offs between instantaneous and total capacity in multi-cell flash memories (2012)

The limited endurance of flash memories is a major design concern for enterprise storage systems. We propose a method to increase it by using relative (as opposed to fixed) cell levels and by representing the information with Write Asymmetric Memory (WAM) codes. Overall, our new method enables faster writes, improved reliability as well as improved endurance by allowing multiple writes between block erasures. We study the capacity of the new WAM codes with relative levels, where the information is represented by multiset permutations induced by the charge levels, and show that it achieves the capacity of any other WAM codes with the same number of writes. Specifically, we prove that it has the potential to double the total capacity of the memory. Since capacity can be achieved only with cells that have a large number of levels, we propose a new architecture that consists of multi-cells - each an aggregation of a number of floating gate transistors.
Wideband RF photonic pre-selector for dynamic co-site interference mitigation (2008)

The use of optical interferometry within an optical waveguide structure for null frequencies is well understood. We demonstrate a useful application of a related technique using unbalanced outputs of a dual output Mach-Zehnder modulator combined with a balanced detector to provide frequency agile, dynamic co-site interference mitigation. We will show the extreme wideband performance of this all optical solution by rejecting interferer frequencies by over 40 dB. We initially apply this technique to the challenging sub-octave microwave communications environment and suggest that the utility of this technique actually improves up into the millimeter bands.
Electro‐kinetic Separation of Rare Earth Elements Using a Redox‐Active Ligand (2017)

Purification of rare earth elements is challenging due to their chemical similarities. All of the deployed separation methods rely on thermodynamic properties, such as distribution equilibria in solvent extraction. Rare-earth-metal separations based on kinetic differences have not been examined. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach for rare-earth-element separations by exploiting differences in the oxidation rates within a series of rare earth compounds containing the redox-active ligand [{2-(tBuN(O))C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> }<sub>3</sub> N]<sup>3-</sup> . Using this method, a single-step separation factor up to 261 was obtained for the separation of a 50:50 yttrium-lutetium mixture.
Downlink Resource Allocation with Multiple Users Per Resource and Modulation Assignment (2017)

We consider a downlink resource allocation problem that maximizes the downlink rate, where several users can be allocated to the same resource by employing a larger modulation alphabet. Moreover, each user is constrained to receive across one resource only. The latter constraint is especially suitable for computational and power constrained users. These requirements give rise to a different resource allocation problem compared to previous studies. The throughput of a user is not measured by conventional logarithm formulae for throughput (which implicitly assume Gaussian alphabets). Instead, we let UEs calculate effective signal-to-noise-ratios for each resource and modulation alphabet, which corresponds to the achievable data rate on a resource with the specific modulation. These values are reported to the transmitter, which then uses them to find the optimal allocation. The underlying optimization problem is discrete, and it is made linear through our formulation of the problem. We solve the problem exactly, and formulate a simple heuristic allocation procedure that is close to the optimal allocation in simulated scenarios.
Shigella Isolates From the Global Enteric Multicenter Study Inform Vaccine Development (2014)

A broad-spectrum Shigella vaccine must protect against S. sonnei and 15 S. flexneri serotypes/subserotypes. A quadrivalent vaccine with O antigens from S. sonnei, S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, and S. flexneri 6 can provide broad direct coverage against these most common serotypes and indirect coverage against all but 1 (rare) remaining subserotype through shared S. flexneri group antigens.
Antibodies binding the ADAM10 substrate recognition domain inhibit Eph function (2012)

The ADAM10 transmembrane metalloprotease cleaves a variety of cell surface proteins that are important in disease, including ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases of the erbB and Eph families. ADAM10-mediated cleavage of ephrins, the ligands for Eph receptors, is suggested to control Eph/ephrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and segregation, important during normal developmental processes, and implicated in tumour neo-angiogenesis and metastasis. We previously identified a substrate-binding pocket in the ADAM10 C domain that binds the EphA/ephrin-A complex thereby regulating ephrin cleavage. We have now generated monoclonal antibodies specifically recognising this region of ADAM10, which inhibit ephrin cleavage and Eph/ephrin-mediated cell function, including ephrin-induced Eph receptor internalisation, phosphorylation and Eph-mediated cell segregation. Our studies confirm the important role of ADAM10 in cell-cell interactions mediated by both A- and B-type Eph receptors, and suggest antibodies against the ADAM10 substrate-recognition pocket as promising therapeutic agents, acting by inhibiting cleavage of ephrins and potentially other ADAM10 substrates.
Femtosecond direct space-to-time pulse shaping in an integrated-optic configuration (2004)

We demonstrate femtosecond operation of an integrated-optic direct space-to-time pulse shaper for which there is a direct mapping (no Fourier transform) between the spatial position of the masking function and the temporal position in the output waveform. The apparatus is used to generate trains of more than 30 pulses as an ultrafast optical data packet over approximately an 80-ps temporal window.
Antitumor activity of novel pyrazole-based small molecular inhibitors of the STAT3 pathway in patient derived high grade glioma cells (2019)

Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor has been observed in many human cancers with roles in tumor initiation, progression, drug resistance, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. STAT3 is constitutively activated in a variety of cancers including adult high grade gliomas (aHGGs) such as glioblastoma (GBM), and pediatric high grade gliomas (pHGG). Inhibiting STAT3 is a promising target-specific chemotherapeutic strategy for tumors with aberrant STAT3 signaling. Here we investigated the antitumor effects of novel pyrazole-based STAT3 pathway inhibitors named MNS1 (Mayo Neurosurgery 1) in both pediatric and adult HGG tumor cells. MNS1 compounds selectively decreased cell viability and proliferation in patient-derived HGG cells with minimal toxicity on normal human astrocytes. These inhibitors selectively blocked IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization of pSTAT3 without affecting other signaling molecules including Akt, STAT1, JAK2 or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Functional analysis showed that MNS1 compounds induced apoptosis and decrease tumor migration. The anti-tumor effects extended into a murine pHGG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma) patient derived xenograft, and systemic toxicity was not evident during dose escalation in mice. These results support further development of STAT3 inhibitors for both pediatric and adult HGG.
A phononic interface between a superconducting quantum processor and quantum networked spin memories (2021)

Abstract We introduce a method for high-fidelity quantum state transduction between a superconducting microwave qubit and the ground state spin system of a solid-state artificial atom, mediated via an acoustic bus connected by piezoelectric transducers. Applied to present-day experimental parameters for superconducting circuit qubits and diamond silicon-vacancy centers in an optimized phononic cavity, we estimate quantum state transduction with fidelity exceeding 99% at a MHz-scale bandwidth. By combining the complementary strengths of superconducting circuit quantum computing and artificial atoms, the hybrid architecture provides high-fidelity qubit gates with long-lived quantum memory, high-fidelity measurement, large qubit number, reconfigurable qubit connectivity, and high-fidelity state and gate teleportation through optical quantum networks.
Shape, displacement and mechanical properties from isogeometric multiview stereocorrelation (2015)

It is proposed to develop a multiview framework to perform stereocorrelation by resorting to isogeometric descriptions of the observed three-dimensional surfaces. Once the three-dimensional surfaces have been reconstructed, the corresponding three-dimensional displacement fields are measured within the same space. These fields are subsequently utilized to update isogeometric analyses to calibrate the elastic properties in a tensile experiment. An alternative route consists of preforming such analyses within an integrated framework.
The effect of vibration on quartz crystal resonators (1980)

The acceleration sensitivity of crystal oscillators is assuming increasing significance in modern communications, navigation and identification systems. This report describes how acceleration, particularly vibration, effects the frequency of quartz crystal controlled oscillators. Simple harmonic motion, complex and random vibrations, and frequency multiplication are covered. Several examples and experimental demonstrations are given. (Author)
Locally Weighted Filtering for Photovoltaic Power Fluctuation Control and Time Delay Reduction with Battery Energy Storage (2021)

The increase in energy demand needs to be met with environmentally friendly resources to lower the production of greenhouse gases. Solar power is a popular choice as it is available in abundance and is relatively cheap. However, the large-scale penetration of intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) power causes multiple instabilities in the grid such as frequency issues and voltage deviations. To counteract these instabilities, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is integrated in the grid as it reduces the PV fluctuations and promotes optimal operation. However, storage systems are expensive and thus smoothing filters are also coupled with the BESS for cost reduction and power smoothing. Traditional filters such as Low Pass Filters (LPF) and Moving Average (MA) filters are capable of solar power smoothing but have poor power tracking capabilities. To compensate for the delayed power tracking, larger energy storage systems are required which in turn adds to the operational costs. This paper proposes a locally weighted filter for solar PV smoothing with BESS. The proposed filter has significantly better power tracking capabilities than both the LPF and MA filters. Thus, as compared to the conventional LPF and MA filters, the proposed filter can achieve better solar power smoothing with reduced time delay and optimum battery storage capacity.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Epidemiology of H. pylori Infection H. pylori-related Diseases H. pylori Antigens Relevant in Virulence and Pathogenesis Eradication of H. pylori: the Pros and Cons Current Therapies against H. pylori: Efficacy and Limits Why Develop a Vaccine against H. pylori Animal Models of H. pylori Infection Mice and Other Rodents Ferrets Gnotobiotic Piglets Monkeys Dogs The feasibility of Vaccination in Animal Models The Mechanisms of Protective Immunity against H. pylori Vaccination against H. pylori in Humans Vaccination with Purified Recombinant Urease Salmonella-vectored Urease Inactivated Whole-cell Vaccines Parenteral Multi-component Vaccines Conclusions
A Method to Inflict Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in <em>Drosophila</em> (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people each year, causing impairment of physical, cognitive, and behavioral functions and death. Studies using Drosophila have contributed important breakthroughs in understanding neurological processes. Thus, with the goal of understanding the cellular and molecular basis of TBI pathologies in humans, we developed the High Impact Trauma (HIT) device to inflict closed head TBI in flies. Flies subjected to the HIT device display phenotypes consistent with human TBI such as temporary incapacitation and progressive neurodegeneration. The HIT device uses a spring-based mechanism to propel flies against the wall of a vial, causing mechanical damage to the fly brain. The device is inexpensive and easy to construct, its operation is simple and rapid, and it produces reproducible results. Consequently, the HIT device can be combined with existing experimental tools and techniques for flies to address fundamental questions about TBI that can lead to the development of diagnostics and treatments for TBI. In particular, the HIT device can be used to perform large-scale genetic screens to understand the genetic basis of TBI pathologies.
Identification of functional endothelial protein C receptor in human plasma. (1997)

The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) binds protein C and facilitates activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. EPCR also binds activated protein C (APC) and inhibits APC anticoagulant activity. In this study, we detected a soluble form of EPCR in normal human plasma. Plasma EPCR appears to be approximately 43, 000 D, and circulates at approximately 100 ng/ml (98.4+/-27.8 ng/ml, n = 22). Plasma EPCR was purified from human citrated plasma using ion exchange, immunoaffinity, and protein C affinity chromatography. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that plasma EPCR bound APC with an affinity similar to that previously determined for recombinant soluble EPCR (Kdapp = 30 nM). Furthermore, plasma EPCR inhibited both protein C activation on an endothelial cell line and APC anticoagulant activity in a one-stage Factor Xa clotting assay. The physiological function of plasma EPCR is uncertain, but if the local concentrations are sufficiently high, particularly in disease states, the present data suggest that the soluble plasma EPCR could attenuate the membrane-bound EPCR augmentation of protein C activation and the anticoagulant function of APC.
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method Specific for the Detection of G-Group Aflatoxins (2015)

To detect and monitor G-group aflatoxins in agricultural products, we generated class-specific monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognized aflatoxins G₁ and G₂. Of the final three positive and stable hybridomas obtained, clone 2G6 produced a monoclonal antibody that had equal sensitivity to aflatoxins G₁ and G₂, and did not cross-react with aflatoxins B₁, B₂, or M₁. Its IC50 values for aflatoxins G₁ and G₂ were 17.18 ng·mL(-1) and 19.75 ng·mL(-1), respectively. Using this new monoclonal antibody, we developed a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA); the method had a limit of detection of 0.06 ng·mL(-1). To validate this CI-ELISA, we spiked uncontaminated peanut samples with various amounts of aflatoxins G₁ and G₂ and compared recovery rates with those determined by a standard HPLC method. The recovery rates of the CI-ELISA ranging from 94% to 103% were comparable to those of the HPLC (92% to 102%). We also used both methods to determine the amounts of G-group aflatoxins in five peanut samples contaminated by aflatoxin B₁-positive, and their relative standard deviations ranged from 8.4% to 17.7% (under 20%), which demonstrates a good correlation between the two methods. We further used this CI-ELISA to assess the ability of 126 fungal strains isolated from peanuts or field soils to produce G-group aflatoxins. Among these, seven stains producing different amounts of G-group aflatoxins were identified. Our results showed that the monoclonal antibody 2 G6-based CI-ELISA was suitable for the detection of G-group aflatoxins present in peanuts and also those produced by fungi.
The galois system: optimistic parallelization of irregular programs (2008)

The last several years have seen multicore architectures become ascendant in the computing world. As a result, it is no longer sufficient to rely on increasing single-threaded performance to improve application performance; instead, programmers must turn to parallelization to realize the performance gains of multicore architectures. While much research over the past three decades have focused on parallelizing regular programs which operate over arrays and matrices, much less effort has been focused on irregular programs which operate over pointer-based data structures such as trees and graphs. In fact, it is not even clear that a significant amount of parallelism even exists in these applications. 
We identify a common type of parallelism that arises in irregular programs that operate over worklists of various kinds, which we call amorphous data-parallelism. Due to the data-dependent nature of these applications, static compiler analysis does not suffice to uncover any parallelism. Instead, successful parallelization requires speculative, or optimistic, parallelization. However, existing speculation techniques, such as thread-level speculation, are too low-level to recognize and extract useful parallelism from these applications. 
We present the Galois system for optimistic parallelization which uses high-level abstractions to express amorphous data-parallelism in irregular programs, and uses semantic properties of data structures to automatically parallelize such programs. These abstractions allow programs with amorphous data-parallelism to be written in a sequential manner, relying on run-time support to extract parallelism. 
We then develop abstractions which allow programmers to succinctly capture locality properties of irregular data structures. We show how these abstractions can be used to improve locality, improve speculation performance and reduce speculation overhead. We also present a novel parallel scheduling framework which allows programmers to leverage algorithm semantics to intelligently schedule concurrent computation, improving performance. 
We demonstrate the utility of the Galois approach, as well as the extensions that we propose, across a wide range of irregular applications demonstrating amorphous data-parallelism. We find that the Galois approach can be used to extract significant parallelism with low programmer overhead.
Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Their Applications. Development and Application of 1480nm Band Wavelength Multiplexed Semiconductor Laser Diode Pump Unit. (1997)

1480nm band wavelength multiplexed semiconductor laser diode pump unit which has 600mW output power is developed. This pump unit applies to remote pumping system and high output power Er doped fiber amplifier. In remote pumping system, remotely pre-amplifier and remotely post-amplifier are demonstrated and 23.5dB of allowable optical transmission loss is improved. Raman gain is also discussed and 13.9dB Raman gain is obtained.2-stage Er doped fiber amplifier is constructed utilizing three pump units. Maximum output power is reached to +29.5dBm at 2nd stage Er doped fiber output end. Conversion efficiency of optical pump power to amplified optical signal power in Er doped fiber is 62.2%.
Algorithmic mediation for collaborative exploratory search (2008)

We describe a new approach to information retrieval: algorithmic mediation for intentional, synchronous collaborative exploratory search. Using our system, two or more users with a common information need search together, simultaneously. The collaborative system provides tools, user interfaces and, most importantly, algorithmically-mediated retrieval to focus, enhance and augment the team's search and communication activities. Collaborative search outperformed post hoc merging of similarly instrumented single user runs. Algorithmic mediation improved both collaborative search (allowing a team of searchers to find relevant information more efficiently and effectively), and exploratory search (allowing the searchers to find relevant information that cannot be found while working individually).
Rate Shaping Estimation and Control of a Piezoelectric Fuel Injector (2013)

Fuel injection rate shaping is one way to improve fuel efficiency and reduce harmful emissions in IC engines. Piezoelectrically actuated fuel injectors have a particularly fast response, which makes them capable of rate shaping operation. In this paper, a model-based closed-loop controller is designed to control the fuel injection rate passing through the nozzle of a piezoelectric fuel injector, by compensating for the injector’s nonlinear behavior. The performance of this controller is verified with simulation results.