gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-cost frequency-converted laser light sources (2010)

We report a fast-switching two-component frequency-converted laser with reduced speckle visibility. A bottom-emitting passively Q-switched laser with integrated electroabsorber, folding mirror and coupling lens was successfully applied with a waveguide-type periodically poled magnesium oxide doped lithium niobate crystal to generate second harmonic light at 532 nm. Reduced speckle visibility was demonstrated when operating the laser in self-pulsating mode when compared to continuous-wave operation even when using a nonlinear crystal with narrow acceptance bandwidth of 0.24 nm @ 1064 nm. The spectral width of the infrared light was 0.33 nm in pulsed mode and 0.08 nm in continuous-wave mode resulting in visible light spectral width of 0.12 nm and 0.03 nm in self-pulsating and continuous-wave mode.
Using viseme based acoustic models for speech driven lip synthesis (2003)

Speech drive lip synthesis is an interesting and important step toward human-computer interaction. An incoming speech signal is time aligned using a speech recognizer to generate phonetic sequence, which is then converted to corresponding viseme sequence to be animated. In this paper, we present a novel method for generation of the viseme sequence, which uses viseme based acoustic models, instead of usual phone based acoustic models, to align the input speech signal. This results in higher accuracy and speed of the alignment procedure and allows a much simpler implementation of the speech driven lip synthesis system as it completely obviates the requirement of acoustic unit to visual unit conversion. We show through various experiments that the proposed method results in about 53% relative improvement in classification accuracy and about 52% reduction in time, required to compute alignments.
Dental resins based on dimer acid dimethacrylates: a route to high conversion with low polymerization shrinkage. (2010)

Incomplete polymerization, volumetric shrinkage, and shrinkage stress are among the primary disadvantages of current resin-based dental composites. Generally, any attempt to increase final double bond conversion only exacerbates polymerization shrinkage and stress. The use of dimer acid-derived dimethacrylate (DADMA) monomers in novel dental resin formulations is examined in this article as a potential means to address these disparate goals. A series of high molecular weight DADMA monomers with different functional groups used to connect the C36 dimer acid core and the methacrylates were formulated with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and/or ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) at various compositions to manipulate comonomer compatibility and polymeric mechanical properties. Along with reaction kinetics, dynamic polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress were assessed. Specific DADMA monomers demonstrated limited miscibility with either Bis-EMA or UDMA. Appropriate ternary resin formulations produced homogeneous monomeric mixtures capable of controlled polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) to yield heterogeneous final polymers. Reduced polymerization shrinkage and stress along with higher conversion was observed for DADMA ternary systems compared with a bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin control. The PIPS process resulted in a modest volume recovery and stress relaxation in the later stages of polymerization. These results indicate that certain dimer acid-derived dimethacrylates possess the potential to replace TEGDMA as a reactive diluent in dental resins that display a favorable and unique combination of properties.
Programming molecular topologies from single-stranded nucleic acids (2018)

Molecular knots represent one of the most extraordinary topological structures in biological polymers. Creating highly knotted nanostructures with well-defined and sophisticated geometries and topologies remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a general strategy to design and construct highly knotted nucleic acid nanostructures, each weaved from a single-stranded DNA or RNA chain by hierarchical folding in a prescribed order. Sets of DNA and RNA knots of two- or three-dimensional shapes have been designed and constructed (ranging from 1700 to 7500 nucleotides), and they exhibit complex topological features, with high crossing numbers (from 9 up to 57). These single-stranded DNA/RNA knots can be replicated and amplified enzymatically in vitro and in vivo. This work establishes a general platform for constructing nucleic acid nanostructures with complex molecular topologies.
Immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus virosome vaccine delivery system for immunization against hepatitis A. (1992)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was purified from MRC-5 human diploid cell cultures, inactivated with formalin, and evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in humans. Three vaccine formulations were produced: (a) a fluid preparation containing inactivated HAV, (b) inactivated HAV adsorbed to Al(OH)3, and (c) inactivated HAV coupled to novel immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIV). IRIV were prepared by combining phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids originating from the influenza virus envelope, influenza virus hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase. The HAV-IRIV appeared as unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of approximately 150 nm when viewed by transmission electron microscopy. Upon intramuscular injection, the alum-adsorbed vaccine was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) more local adverse reactions than either the fluid or IRIV formulations. 14 d after a single dose of vaccine, all the recipients of the IRIV formulation seroconverted (> or = 20 mIU/ml) versus 30 and 44% for those who received the fluid and alum-adsorbed vaccines, respectively (P < 0.001). The geometric mean anti-HAV antibody titer achieved after immunization with the IRIV-HAV vaccine was also significantly higher (P < 0.005) compared with the other two vaccines.
Development of a Continuous Process for the Industrial Generation of Diazomethane<sup>1</sup> (2002)

The development of a safe process for the industrial generation of diazomethane is described. Diazomethane is produced and consumed in a continuous process capable of generating between 50 and 60 tonnes per year whilst the maximum inventory is maintained at less than 80 g. The diazomethane production unit is part of an integrated multistage continuous process that produces key intermediates for the latest generation of HIV protease inhibitor drugs. The use of diazomethane in this role has facilitated a direct cost-effective route to compounds such as (2S,3R)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenylthiobutan-2-ol that can be produced in 82% yield from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-S-phenyl-l-cysteine.
Low-Visibility Visual Simulation with Real Fog (1981)

An environmental fog simulation (EFS) attachment was developed to aid in the study of natural low-visibility visual cues and subsequently used to examine the realism effect upon the aircraft simulator visual scene. A review of the basic fog equations indicated that the two major factors must be accounted for in the simulation of low visibility-one due to atmospheric attenuation and one due to veiling luminance. These factors are compared systematically by: comparing actual measurements lo those computed from the Fog equations, and comparing runway-visual-range-related visual-scene contrast values with the calculated values. These values are also compared with the simulated equivalent equations and with contrast measurements obtained from a current electronic fog synthesizer to help identify areas in which improvements are needed. These differences in technique, the measured values, the Features of both systems, a pilot opinion survey of the EFS fog, and improvements (by combining features of both systems) that are expected to significantly increase the potential as well as flexibility for producing a very high-fidelity, low-visibility visual simulation are discussed.
Structure‐adaptive Shape Editing for Man‐made Objects (2016)

Abstract One of the challenging problems for shape editing is to adapt shapes with diversified structures for various editing needs. In this paper we introduce a shape editing approach that automatically adapts the structure of a shape being edited with respect to user inputs. Given a category of shapes, our approach first classifies them into groups based on the constituent parts. The group‐sensitive priors, including both inter‐group and intra‐group priors, are then learned through statistical structure analysis and multivariate regression. By using these priors, the inherent characteristics and typical variations of shape structures can be well captured. Based on such group‐sensitive priors, we propose a framework for real‐time shape editing, which adapts the structure of shape to continuous user editing operations. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable of both structure‐preserving and structure‐varying shape editing.
A shuffled message-passing decoding method for memory-based LDPC decoders (2009)

The convergence speed of shuffled message passing decoding (MPD) is faster than that of standard two phase message passing (TPMP) decoding. Due to complex memory access and requirement of large storage space, the shuffled MPD is not suitable for hardware implementation especially for high-rate LDPC codes. In this paper, we propose a modified shuffled MPD which can achieve a similar convergence speed but with reduced complexity in memory access and storage space as compared to the conventional shuffled MPD. We implement a rate-5/6 LDPC decoder based on the proposed algorithm.
Code maps: A scalable visualisation technique for large codebases (2013)

Large codebases (in the order of millions to 10s of millions of lines of code) are notoriously difficult to understand, modify and maintain. They are the product of hundreds of developers working simultaneously over several decades and are often poorly documented. For new developers, building up a workable mental model of these systems can take a considerable amount of time. Software visualisation is one area that seems ideally suited to address this problem, but that in practice, does not see much use beyond high-level, hand-crafted architecture diagrams and node-link diagrams that typically scale poorly to larger systems. We are developing a scalable, spatial visualisation for large codebases based on a world-map metaphor. The core of the idea is mapping the continent/country/state/city/etc. hierarchy to the equivalent in a code base - the high-level architectural components down to the individual files and functions that comprise them - and laying these out so as to maintain the intuitive notion that the proximity of any two entities is proportional to their coupling. Our approach takes as input a dependency graph of the system and, optionally, a predefined abstraction hierarchy to group the low-level source code entities into their higher-level system components. If a hierarchy is not supplied, we recover one from the dependency graph using a graph clustering algorithm. From there we use a combination of force-directed graph layout, implicit surface generation, and Voronoi treemaps to produce a map of the codebase. Our approach allows users to browse the system at any level of detail using the familiar pan/zoom interaction model of web-based mapping services. It provides strong visual landmarks for faster navigation thanks to the distinctive shapes and positions of regions on the map, and lends itself to easy data overlay - the size and colour of regions are proportional to supplied code metrics, while bug locations, search results, and dependency edges can be superimposed. A formal evaluation of the prototype has not yet been undertaken, but initial feedback from internal development organisations has been very positive, particularly for the data overlay o♀capabilities and intuitive zoom-for-detail interaction model.
Image GANs meet Differentiable Rendering for Inverse Graphics and\n Interpretable 3D Neural Rendering (2020)

Differentiable rendering has paved the way to training neural networks to\nperform "inverse graphics" tasks such as predicting 3D geometry from monocular\nphotographs. To train high performing models, most of the current approaches\nrely on multi-view imagery which are not readily available in practice. Recent\nGenerative Adversarial Networks (GANs) that synthesize images, in contrast,\nseem to acquire 3D knowledge implicitly during training: object viewpoints can\nbe manipulated by simply manipulating the latent codes. However, these latent\ncodes often lack further physical interpretation and thus GANs cannot easily be\ninverted to perform explicit 3D reasoning. In this paper, we aim to extract and\ndisentangle 3D knowledge learned by generative models by utilizing\ndifferentiable renderers. Key to our approach is to exploit GANs as a\nmulti-view data generator to train an inverse graphics network using an\noff-the-shelf differentiable renderer, and the trained inverse graphics network\nas a teacher to disentangle the GAN's latent code into interpretable 3D\nproperties. The entire architecture is trained iteratively using cycle\nconsistency losses. We show that our approach significantly outperforms\nstate-of-the-art inverse graphics networks trained on existing datasets, both\nquantitatively and via user studies. We further showcase the disentangled GAN\nas a controllable 3D "neural renderer", complementing traditional graphics\nrenderers.\n
Sex Hormones as Negative Regulators of Lymphopoiesis (1994)

B lymphocytes, together with cells of seven other lineages, are made in large numbers from precursors in the bone marrow. Using cell culture models and recombinant proteins, progress has been rapid in identifying cytokines which could potentially regulate the proliferation, differentiation and migration of B-cell precursors. However, we still know little about molecular mechanisms which are important for maintaining steady-state conditions in vivo. B lymphopoiesis is severely diminished during pregnancy in normal mice and this provided a clue that sex hormones might be important negative regulators. Administration of estrogens alone, or in combination with progesterone, preferentially suppressed IL-7 responding cells and their progeny in bone marrow. There is precedent for these observations in the thymus, which transiently involutes during pregnancy, and also atrophies following estrogen treatment. The actual mechanism(s) through which sex steroids influence lymphopoiesis remain unclear, but cell culture experiments should be informative about potential interactions between hormones, the bone marrow microenvironment, and lymphocyte precursors. These findings raise a number of other important issues. For example, we need to learn if sex steroids are produced and/or concentrated locally within the marrow, if human lymphopoiesis is sensitive to these hormones, and if production of lymphocytes can be augmented in aging and in immunodeficiency by hormone manipulation.
Electrostatic Levitator With Feedback Control (1983)

Sample position automatically maintained. Object levitated by electrostatic field between two electrodes. Because of particular curved electrode shape, levitation field has stable horizontal position on vertical axis of symmetry. Vertical position of object sensed and compared with preset value. When position error is detected, amplitude of levitating field is increased or decreased to restore zero error. System offers options well to containerless processing.
Benzoic Acid lnhibitors of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase (1995)

A strategy was developed to design non-carbohydrate inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase. Using an iterative cycle of modeling, synthesis, biological testing and X-ray crystallography structure determination, a series of inhibitors based on benzoic acid were produced. The refined structures of three compounds complexed with neuraminidase are reported. The results demonstrate the success of this structure-based drug-design strategy.
Natural and synthetic vocalizations of brown rat pups, <i>Rattus norvegicus,</i> enhance attractiveness of bait boxes in laboratory and field experiments (2016)

Our study provides proof of concept that rat-specific sound cues or signals can be effectively reproduced and deployed as a means to enhance capture of wild rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design of the Pacific DC Intertie Wide Area Damping Controller (2020)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a proof-of-concept Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI) wide area damping controller and includes system test results on the North American Western Interconnection (WI). To damp inter-area oscillations, the controller modulates the power transfer of the PDCI, a ±500 kV DC transmission line in the WI. The control system utilizes real-time phasor measurement unit feedback to construct a commanded power signal which is added to the scheduled power flow for the PDCI. After years of design, simulations, and development, this controller has been implemented in hardware and successfully tested in both open and closed-loop operation. The most important design specifications were safe, reliable performance, no degradation of any system modes in any circumstances, and improve damping to the controllable modes in the WI. The main finding is that the controller adds significant damping to the modes of the WI and does not adversely affect the system response in any of the test cases. The primary contribution of this paper, to the state of the art research, is the design methods and test results of the first North American real-time control system that uses wide area PMU feedback.
The CloudBoard Research Platform: an interactive whiteboard for corporate users (2013)

Over one million interactive whiteboards (IWBs) are sold annually worldwide, predominantly for classroom use with few sales for corporate use. Unmet needs for IWB corporate use were investigated and the CloudBoard Research Platform (CBRP) was developed to investigate and test technology for meeting these needs. The CBRP supports audio conferencing with shared remote drawing activity, casual capture of whiteboard activity for long-term storage and retrieval, use of standard formats such as PDF for easy import of documents via the web and email and easy export of documents. Company RFID badges and key fobs provide secure access to documents at the board and automatic logout occurs after a period of inactivity. Users manage their documents with a web browser. Analytics and remote device management is provided for administrators. The IWB hardware consists of off-the-shelf components (a Hitachi UST Projector, SMART Technologies, Inc. IWB hardware, Mac Mini, Polycom speakerphone, etc.) and a custom occupancy sensor. The three back-end servers provide the web interface, document storage, stroke and audio streaming. Ease of use, security, and robustness sufficient for internal adoption was achieved. Five of the 10 boards installed at various Ricoh sites have been in daily or weekly use for the past year and total system downtime was less than an hour in 2012. Since CBRP was installed, 65 registered users, 9 of whom use the system regularly, have created over 2600 documents.
Estimated system reliability of a cloud computing network subject to maintenance budget (2012)

Abstract This paper proposes an estimation method to evaluate the capability of a cloud computing network. To keep a good quality of service, maintenance actions are necessary when the CCN falls to a specific state such that it cannot afford enough capacity to meet d units of data. Another crucial factor to consider is the transmission time for sending data from the cloud to the client. Given the maintenance budget B and within time T, we estimate the system reliability that is defined as the probability that d units of data can be sent from the cloud to the client under both B and T. Several disjoint minimal paths are utilized to send data simultaneously such that the transmission time is decreased. To estimate the system reliability, a bounding approach is proposed to generate two sets of capacity vectors, UB-MPs and LB-MPs, where a UB-MP is the minimal capacity vector satisfying d and T while an LB-MP is the minimal capacity vector satisfying d, B, and T. Subsequently, the upper and lower bounds of system reliability can be computed in terms of such vectors by applying the recursive sum of disjoint products algorithm. Keywords: cloud computing networkestimationmaintenance budgetnetwork reliability Acknowledgment This work was supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China, under Grant No. NSC 96-2628-E-011-116-MY3.
Experimental Research on IGF‐1 (1986)

IGF-1 has been produced by recombinant DNA technology; the host cell is a yeast. Studies in hypophysectomized rats show that IGF-1 has little growth promoting effect unless given by infusion at high doses, and priming with bovine growth hormone did not produce any potentiation. In vitro studies reveal that IGF-1 cross-reacts with the insulin receptor on adipose cells. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed high IGF-1 immunoreactivity in proliferating and differentiating cells in the testes, lymphoid organs and pancreatic islets and particularly in regenerating nerves. Local application of IGF-1 may stimulate regeneration in damaged peripheral nerves. Key words:
Characterization of Thermochemically Surface-Hardened Titanium by Light Optical Microscopy (2017)

Abstract Thermochemically treated titanium grades 2 and 5 were investigated by light optical microscopy and hardness indentation. Gaseous oxidation in oxygen and N2O containing atmospheres resulted in a diffusion zone of oxygen in solid solution in titanium with a hardness up to 1000 HV. A surface scale consisting of oxide can be present depending on the treatment conditions. A new type of carbo-oxidation treatment was applied, where carbon and oxygen are simultaneously incorporated into the surface. This resulted in new microstructural features such as a deep zone of mixed interstitial solid solution, i.e., a diffusion zone, and surface regions consisting of a mixed interstitial compound (TiCXO1 − X structure). Carbo-oxidation yields hardness values in excess of 2500 HV in the mixed interstitial compound and values up to 1500 HV in the diffusion zone. Simultaneously, with the surface hardening treatment, core hardening of the material can be obtained.
Autonomous pathogen detection system 2001 (2001)

The objective of this project is to design, fabricate and field-demonstrate a fully Autonomous Pathogen Detector (identifier) System (APDS). This will be accomplished by integrating a proven flow cytometer and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detector with sample collection, sample preparation and fluidics to provide a compact, autonomously operating instrument capable of simultaneously detecting multiple pathogens and/or toxins. The APDS will be designed to operate in fixed locations, where it continuously monitors air samples and automatically reports the presence of specific biological agents. The APDS will utilize both multiplex immuno and nucleic acid assays to provide ''quasi-orthogonal'', multiple agent detection approaches to minimize false positives and increase the reliability of identification. Technical advancements across several fronts must first be made in order to realize the full extent of the APDS. Commercialization will be accomplished through three progressive generations of instruments. The APDS is targeted for domestic applications in which (1) the public is at high risk of exposure to covert releases of bioagent such as in major subway systems and other transportation terminals, large office complexes, and convention centers; and (2) as part of a monitoring network of sensors integrated with command and control systems for wide area monitoring of urban areas and major gatherings (e.g., inaugurations, Olympics, etc.). In this latter application there is potential that a fully developed APDS could add value to Defense Department monitoring architectures.