gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angularly Stable Linear-to-Circular Polarizing Reflectors for Multiple Beam Antennas (2021)

In this article, a new concept to improve the angular stability of linear-to-circular polarizing reflectors is presented. It is first explicitly demonstrated that existing design approaches heavily rely on the adjustment of the design stack-up, namely, the substrate height and relative permittivity, to the desired operating frequency. An approach is then proposed for decoupling the performance from the substrate parameters. The proposed approach provides increased design flexibility, resulting in performance improvement. Insight on the operating principle is provided resorting to equivalent circuit models. Subsequently, the benefits of the angularly stable reflection polarizer are demonstrated by a practical example involving a multiple beam antenna implemented using materials and processes compatible with satellite missions. The antenna exploits an innovative quasi-optical beamformer as primary feed combined with a cylindrical polarizing reflector. Numerical and experimental results from this antenna architecture are presented to confirm the improvements achieved with the proposed concept over existing designs. The close comparison of simulations with measurements that are achieved validates the concept and the design approach.
Synthesis and Distribution of CARDS Toxin During Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in a Murine Model (2011)

Mice were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and monitored for the synthesis and distribution of the unique adenosine diphosphate-ribosylating and vacuolating Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin in bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung. We noted direct relationships between the concentration of CARDS toxin and numbers of mycoplasma genomes in BALF and the degree of histologic pulmonary inflammation. Immunostaining of lungs revealed extensive colonization by mycoplasmas, including the detection of CARDS toxin in the corresponding inflamed airways. Lung lesion scores were higher during the early stages of infection, decreased gradually by day 14 postinfection, and reached substantially lower values at day 35. Infected mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG titers were positive for CARDS toxin as well as for the major adhesin P1 of M. pneumoniae. These data reinforce the proposed pathogenic role of CARDS toxin in M. pneumoniae-mediated pathologies.
Near Real-Time Automated Detection of Small Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Leaks Using Remote Optical Sensing and Machine Learning (2016)

The prevailing leak detection systems used today on hazardous liquid pipelines (computational pipeline monitoring) do not have the required sensitivities to detect small leaks smaller than 1% of the nominal flow rate. False alarms of any leak detection system are a major industry concern, as such events will eventually lead to alarms being ignored, rendering the leak detection system ineffective [1]. This paper discusses the recent work focused on the development of an innovative remote sensing technology that is capable of reliably and automatically detecting small hazardous liquid leaks in near real-time. The technology is suitable for airborne applications, including manned and unmanned aircraft, ground applications, as well as stationary applications, such as monitoring of pipeline pump stations. While the focus of the development was primarily for detecting liquid hydrocarbon leaks, the technology also shows promise for detecting gas leaks. The technology fuses inputs from various types of optical sensors and applies machine learning techniques to reliably detect “fingerprints” of small hazardous liquid leaks. The optical sensors used include long-wave infrared, short-wave infrared, hyperspectral, and visual cameras. The utilization of these different imaging approaches raises the possibility for detecting spilled product from a past event even if the leak is not actively progressing. In order to thoroughly characterize leaks, tests were performed by imaging a variety of different types of hazardous liquid constitutions (e.g. crude oil, refined products, crude oil mixed with a variety of common refined products, etc.) in several different environmental conditions (e.g., lighting, temperature, etc.) and on various surfaces (e.g., grass, pavement, gravel, etc.). Tests were also conducted to characterize non-leak events. Focus was given to highly reflective and highly absorbent materials/conditions that are typically found near pipelines. Techniques were developed to extract a variety of features across the several spectral bands to identify unique attributes of different types of hazardous liquid constitutions and environmental conditions as well as non-leak events. The characterization of non-leak events is crucial in significantly reducing false alarm rates. Classifiers were then trained to detect small leaks and reject non-leak events (false alarms), followed by system performance testing. The trial results of this work are discussed in this paper.
IL-1 Upregulates Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA and Protein Production by Cultured Stromal Fibroblast Cells (1997)

IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta may serve as key modulators in an epithelial-stromal regulatory loop in the cornea. These data and previously published observations support the hypothesis that corneal epithelial wounding releases IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from epithelial cells; these cytokines in turn upregulate HGF and KGF mRNA and protein levels in keratocytes, and HGF and KGF released by the keratocytes modulate healing of the wounded corneal epithelial cells by regulating proliferation, motility, and differentiation.
Genome‐Wide Copy Number Variation Analysis Identifies Deletion Variants Associated With Ankylosing Spondylitis (2014)

The results of this study can help to identify pathogenic mechanisms of AS and can easily be applied in the development of algorithms estimating the risk of AS.
Tissue‐engineered tendon constructs for rotator cuff repair in sheep (2017)

Current rotator cuff repair commonly involves the use of single or double row suture techniques, and despite successful outcomes, failure rates continue to range from 20 to 95%. Failure to regenerate native biomechanical properties at the enthesis is thought to contribute to failure rates. Thus, the need for technologies that improve structural healing of the enthesis after rotator cuff repair is imperative. To address this issue, our lab has previously demonstrated enthesis regeneration using a tissue-engineered graft approach in a sheep anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair model. We hypothesized that our tissue-engineered graft designed for ACL repair also will be effective in rotator cuff repair. The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of our Engineered Tissue Graft for Rotator Cuff (ETG-RC) in a rotator cuff tear model in sheep and compare this novel graft technology to the commonly used double row suture repair technique. Following a 6-month recovery, the grafted and contralateral shoulders were removed, imaged using X-ray, and tested biomechanically. Additionally, the infraspinatus muscle, myotendinous junction, enthesis, and humeral head were preserved for histological analysis of muscle, tendon, and enthesis structure. Our results showed that our ETC-RCs reached 31% of the native tendon tangent modulus, which was a modest, non-significant, 11% increase over that of the suture-only repairs. However, the histological analysis showed the regeneration of a native-like enthesis in the ETG-RC-repaired animals. This advanced structural healing may improve over longer times and may diminish recurrence rates of rotator cuff tears and lead to better clinical outcomes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:289-299, 2018.
Dual Robot Coordination for Apple Harvesting (2017)

<abstract> <sc>Abstract.</sc> A key task in robotic harvesting is collection of the picked fruit in a container. The usual collection method reported in the literature is a pick-and-place technique where the robotic harvester deposits the fruit in a stationary bin. This paper demonstrates a concept of dual robot coordination for fruit collection as an approach to potentially reduce the overall cycle time (average time per fruit) of robotic tree fruit harvesting. A kinematically redundant picking manipulator with eight degrees of freedom was developed for apple harvesting. Rather than displace the fruit to a collection bin, the robotic picking system, which includes the manipulator and picking end-effector, drops the apple into a robotic collection system near the point of fruit detachment. Cycle times of the pick-and-place and pick-and-catch methods were compared during a harvesting test in a simulated environment with an artificial apple tree located in a laboratory setting. The pick-and-catch harvesting method resulted in an over fifty percent reduction of average cycle time compared to the pick-and-place method. The robotic picking and fruit collection systems were then integrated with a machine vision system and briefly tested in a commercial apple orchard at the end of the 2016 apple harvesting season. Several observations from these preliminary field trials are discussed. Also, design modifications planned in preparation for more extensive field testing are reviewed at the end of the paper.
Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibodies Correlate with Clinical Status in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (2011)

The role of PLA(2)R as a major antigen in iMN was confirmed in an independent, European patient cohort, and levels of circulating anti-PLA(2)R revealed a strong correlation with clinical disease activity. We propose that detection and measurement of these autoantibodies may provide a tool for monitoring of disease activity and treatment efficacy.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Analysis of Dibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization on Ti-SBA-15–NiMo Catalysts (2018)

MoS2-based catalysts are the most commonly used systems for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process on an industrial scale. Different methods were employed to enhance the efficiency of the catalysts, which include changes in catalyst support and doping agents as well as tuning the dispersion of the MoS2 phase using various synthetic techniques. In this work, we report the kinetic and mechanistic analysis of HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT) for different NiMo-supported Ti-SBA-15 catalysts prepared by (1) direct single-pot (SP) synthesis and (2) impregnations of the NiMo phase into the Ti-SBA-15 support. Both methods were also repeated with and without the citric acid (CA) loading to achieve higher dispersion of the active metal sites. Kinetic modeling was performed to two “parallel–series” reactions of DBT, direct desulfurization (DDS) and hydrogenation (HYD), both leading to the final product of cyclohexylbenzene. Kinetic analysis reveals the considerable influence of the catalyst preparation methods to both steps of HDS of DBT. We found that apparent rate constants for DDS k1′ are highly dependent upon the employed synthetic method, while the effect of CA has a high contribution to the apparent rate constants for the conversion of partially hydrogenated dibenzothiophene intermediate, k4′.
Performance of write-line inserted magnetic tunneling junction for low-write-current magnetic random access memory cell (2008)

We have developed a write-line-inserted magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) (WLIM) for use in low-write-current magnetoresistance random access memory (MRAM). The write current of the WLIM was reduced to 0.98mA and its thermal stability factor was 85 for a 0.32×0.48μm2 MTJ. We evaluated the switching property of the WLIM in an external magnetic field (Hsw̱ext) and an internal magnetic field (Hsw̱int). We found that Hsw̱ext was larger than Hsw̱int when the aspect ratio of the MTJs was less than 1.5. Furthermore, we obtained a high write-current magnetic-field efficiency of 13.0Oe∕mA when the aspect ratio of the MTJs was low. These properties mean that the WLIM structure has advantages for use in low-write-current MRAM.
Method of assaying uranium with prompt fission and thermal neutron borehole logging adjusted by borehole physical characteristics. [Patient application] (1980)

Uranium formations are assayed by prompt fission neutron logging techniques. The uranium in the formation is proportional to the ratio of epithermal counts to thermal or epithermal dieaway. Various calibration factors enhance the accuracy of the measurement.
Structural basis for targeting HIV-1 Gag proteins to the plasma membrane for virus assembly (2006)

During the late phase of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication, newly synthesized retroviral Gag proteins are targeted to the plasma membrane of most hematopoietic cell types, where they colocalize at lipid rafts and assemble into immature virions. Membrane binding is mediated by the matrix (MA) domain of Gag, a 132-residue polypeptide containing an N-terminal myristyl group that can adopt sequestered and exposed conformations. Although exposure is known to promote membrane binding, the mechanism by which Gag is targeted to specific membranes has yet to be established. Recent studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)], a factor that regulates localization of cellular proteins to the plasma membrane, also regulates Gag localization and assembly. Here we show that PI(4,5)P(2) binds directly to HIV-1 MA, inducing a conformational change that triggers myristate exposure. Related phosphatidylinositides PI, PI(3)P, PI(4)P, PI(5)P, and PI(3,5)P(2) do not bind MA with significant affinity or trigger myristate exposure. Structural studies reveal that PI(4,5)P(2) adopts an "extended lipid" conformation, in which the inositol head group and 2'-fatty acid chain bind to a hydrophobic cleft, and the 1'-fatty acid and exposed myristyl group bracket a conserved basic surface patch previously implicated in membrane binding. Our findings indicate that PI(4,5)P(2) acts as both a trigger of the myristyl switch and a membrane anchor and suggest a potential mechanism for targeting Gag to membrane rafts.
Multi-Mode Switching Control of the EPS With Hybrid Power Supply (2019)

Electric power steering system (EPS) with traditional power supply can't provide enough power for heavy-duty vehicle to turn at low speed. To solve the problem, a novel EPS with hybrid power supply was constructed. In this paper, firstly, mathematical model of the EPS with hybrid power supply was established including model of hybrid power supply system and basic model of EPS. Then the power mode recognition was obtained according to the certain threshold of steering resistance torque, state of charge (SOC) of super-capacitor and output voltage of the vehicle power supply, and the corresponding finite automaton model was built. The EPS system with hybrid power supply was regarded as a hybrid system due to continuous event in a single mode and discrete event during mode switching process, thus the multi-mode switching control strategy was proposed. Taken the different characteristics of hybrid power supply in different power modes into account, the corresponding local controllers were designed which were consisted of fuzzy-PID controller, active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and sliding mode controller. Besides, the fuzzy supervisory controller was also designed to ensure the stability of the hybrid system during mode switching process. The simulation results show that the local controllers can achieve fast and accurate track of target current in each power mode, and the fuzzy supervisor can effectively ensure the stability of the switching process, which demonstrates the feasibility of the control strategy.
Repeating covalent structure of streptococcal M protein. (1978)

We have attempted to identify the covalent structure of the M protein molecule of group A streptococci that is responsible for inducing type-specific, protective immunity. M protein was extracted from type 24 streptococci, purified, and cleaved with cyanogen bromide. Seven cyanogen bromide peptides were purified and further characterized. Together, the peptides account for the entire amino acid content of the M protein molecule. Each of the purified peptides possessed the type-specific determinant that inhibits opsonic antibodies for group A streptococci. The primary structures of the amino-terminal regions of each of the purified peptides was studied by automated Edman degradation. The partial sequences of two of the peptides were found to be identical to each other and to that of the uncleaved M protein molecule through at least the first 27 residues. The amino-terminal sequences of the remaining five peptides were identical to each other through the twentieth residue but completely different from the amino-terminal region of the other two peptides. However, the type-specific immunoreactivity and the incomplete analysis of the primary structure of the seven peptides suggest that the antiphagocytic determinant resides in a repeating amino acid sequence in the M protein molecule.
Short-range harmonic radar: chirp waveform, electronic targets (2015)

Radio-frequency (RF) electronic targets, such as man-portable electronics, cannot be detected by traditional linear radar because the radar cross section of those targets is much smaller than that of nearby clutter. One technology that is capable of separating RF electronic targets from naturally-occurring clutter is nonlinear radar. Presented in this paper is the evolution of nonlinear radar at the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and recent results of short-range over-the-air harmonic radar tests there. For the present implementation of ARL’s nonlinear radar, the transmit waveform is a chirp which sweeps one frequency at constant amplitude over an ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB). The receiver captures a single harmonic of this entire chirp. From the UWB received harmonic, a nonlinear frequency response of the radar environment is constructed. An inverse Fourier Transform of this nonlinear frequency response reveals the range to the nonlinear target within the environment. The chirped harmonic radar concept is validated experimentally using a wideband horn antenna and commercial off-the-shelf electronic targets.
Colour-rendition properties of solid-state lamps (2010)

The applicability of colour-quality metrics to solid-state light sources is validated and the results of the assessment of colour-rendition characteristics of various lamps are presented. The standard colour-rendering index metric or a refined colour-quality scale metric fails to distinguish between two principle colour-rendition properties of illumination: the ability to render object colours with high fidelity and the ability to increase chromatic contrast, especially when the spectra of light sources contain a few narrow-band electroluminescence components. Supplementing these metrics by the known figures of merit that measure the gamut area of a small number of test colour samples does not completely resolve this issue. In contrast, the statistical approach, which is based on sorting a very large number of test colour samples in respect of just-perceivable colour distortions of several kinds, offers a comprehensive assessment of colour-rendition properties of solid-state light sources. In particular, two statistical indices, colour-fidelity index (CFI) and colour-saturation index (CSI), which are the relative numbers of object colours rendered with high fidelity and increased saturation, respectively, are sufficient to reveal and assess three distinct types of solid-state light sources. These are (i) high-fidelity lamps, which cover the entire spectrum with the spectral components present in the wavelength ranges of both 530–610 nm and beyond 610 nm (e.g. trichromatic warm white phosphor-converted (pc) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), red–amber–green–blue LED clusters, complementary clusters of white and coloured LEDs); (ii) colour-saturating lamps, which lack power in the 530–610 nm wavelength range (e.g. red–green–blue or red–cyan–blue LED clusters) and (iii) colour-dulling lamps, which lack power for wavelengths longer than 610 nm (dichromatic daylight pc LEDs and amber–green–blue LED clusters). Owing to a single statistical format, CSI and CFI can be used for design and optimization of multiwavelength LED clusters providing ‘smart’ illumination with a trade-off between different colour-rendition characteristics.
Development of an Electrolytic Descaling Process for Titanium Plates (2001)

A new descaling process for cold rolled and annealed titanium metal strip was developed in order to produce defectfree titanium plates efficiently. The process includes newly introduced electrolysis in certain electrolytes which promotes the descaling in cooperation with the preceding salt bath treatment (immersion in fused alkali-salt mixture) and the following pickling with nitric-hydrofluoric acid. Laboratory study by anodic electrolysis showed that HNO3 or HNO3-NaNO3 solution was most effective electrolyte for promoting descaling, and NaOH-NaNO3, HNO3-H2SO4 or Na2SO4-NaNO3 solution was also effective more or less, but H2SO4, HCl or NaOH solution was scarecely effective. It was also confirmed that intermittent alternate current electrolysis in HNO3 solution promoted descaling without absorbing hydrogen and the current density on the electrolysis was desirable to be 15-20 A/dm2. Chemical analysis of the electrolyte by ICP emission spectroscopy and surface analysis of the specimen by GDS proved that the titanium scale dissolved by the anodic electrolysis, and current measurement on the electrolysis suggested that the dissolution was made easy by the salt bath treatment. Finally, the effectiveness of the electrolysis was verified by a manufacturing test using titanium metal strip.
Antibody of Predetermined Specificity to a Carboxy-Terminal Region of H-<i>ras</i> Gene Products Inhibits Their Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Function (1985)

The high prevalence of ras oncogenes in human tumors has given increasing impetus to efforts aimed at elucidating the structure and function of their p21 products. To identify functionally important domains of the p21 protein, antibodies were generated against synthetic peptides corresponding to various regions of the protein. Antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide fragment corresponding to amino acid residues 161 to 176 in the carboxy-terminal region of the H-ras-encoded p21 molecule specifically recognized H-ras-encoded p21 proteins. This antibody was also shown to strikingly and specifically inhibit the guanine nucleotide-binding function of the p21 protein. The inability of p21 protein to bind guanine nucleotides was associated with a lack of autophosphorylation or GTPase activities. These studies suggest that a region toward its carboxy terminus is directly or indirectly involved in the guanine nucleotide-binding function of the p21 molecule.
Support-Vector-Machine-Enhanced Markov Model for Short-Term Wind Power Forecast (2015)

Wind ramps introduce significant uncertainty into wind power generation. Reliable system operation, however, requires accurate detection and forecast of wind ramps, especially at high penetration levels. In this paper, to deal with the wind ramp dynamics, a support vector machine (SVM)-enhanced Markov model is developed for short-term wind power forecast, based on one key observation from the measurement data that wind ramps often occur with specific patterns. Specifically, using the historical data of the wind turbine power outputs recorded at an actual wind farm, data analytics-based finite-state Markov models are first developed to model the normal fluctuations of wind generation, while taking into account the diurnal nonstationarity and the seasonality of wind generation. Next, the forecast by the SVM is integrated cohesively into the finite-state Markov models. Based on the SVM-enhanced Markov model, both short-term distributional forecasts and point forecasts are then derived. Numerical test results, using real wind generation data traces, demonstrate the significantly improved accuracy of the proposed forecast approach.