gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of the End-Diastolic and End-Systolic from 4D Echocardiographic Images (2015)

Accurate detection of the End-Diastolic (ED) and End-Systolic (ES) frames of a cardiac cycle are significant factors that may affect the accuracy of abnormality assessment of a ventricle. This process is a routine step of the ventricle assessment procedure as most of the time in clinical reports many parameters are measured in these two frames to help in diagnosing and dissection making. According to the previous works the process of detecting the ED and ES remains a challenge in that the ED and ES frames for the cavity are usually determined manually by review of individual image phases of the cavity and/or tracking the tricuspid valve. The proposed algorithm aims to automatically determine the ED and ES frames from the four Dimensional Echocardiographic images (4DE) of the Right Ventricle (RV) from one cardiac cycle. By computing the area of three slices along one cardiac cycle and selecting the maximum area as the ED frame and the minimum area as the ES frame. This method gives an accurate determination for the ED and ES frames, hence avoid the need for time consuming, expert contributions during the process of computing the cavity stroke volume.
<title>Analysis of chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil and its metabolites by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy</title> (2004)

Chemotherapy drug dosage is based on the limited statistics of the response of previously treated patients and administered according to body surface area. Considerably better dose regulation could be performed if the drug metabolism of each patient could be monitored. Unfortunately, current technologies require multiple withdrawals of blood to determine metabolism, a precious fluid in limited supply. Saliva analysis has long been considered an attractive alternative, but unfortunately standard techniques require large quantities that are difficult to obtain. In an effort to overcome this limitation we have been investigating the ability of metal-doped sol-gels to both separate drugs and their metabolites from saliva and generate surface-enhanced Raman spectra. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has the potential to perform this analysis with just a few drops of sample due to its extreme sensitivity. Preliminary measurements are presented for the chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil, and its two metabolites 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, and the potential of determining metabolism on a patient-by-patient basis.
Parental sex effects in bipolar affective disorder pedigrees (1997)

A combined linkage analysis was performed on chromosome 18 data and produced modest evidence in three of four data sets for linkage of a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder to markers on chromosome 18p. All data sets showed a preponderance of females among affected individuals. When this was taken into account, no convincing evidence was obtained for excess transmission from mothers compared to fathers. In addition, there was no evidence for differences in the proportions of affected offspring from affected fathers and mothers. We conclude that these combined data do not support previous suggestions of a maternal effect on transmission of bipolar affective disorder.
A Study on the Electroed Wear in Electrical Discharge Machining. Macroscopic Observation of Removal Phenomena. (1992)

There have been many studies on the mechanism of electrical discharge machining. However, the general principle of the machining has not been found yet because of its complex machining phenomena. This study aims to find a simple but practical law of removal rate related with thermal properties of work piece. The removal rate is almost determined by the product of thermal conductivity and melting temperature. And the effect of carbon layer which covers copper electrode on the wear of the electrode is discussed through the experiments with several kinds of materials of work pieces. The materials of work pieces are classified into two groups according to the wear rate of copper electrode.
Constant-Depth and Subcubic-Size Threshold Circuits for Matrix Multiplication (2018)

Boolean circuits of McCulloch-Pitts threshold gates are a classic model of neural computation studied heavily in the late 20th century as a model of general computation. Recent advances in large-scale neural computing hardware has made their practical implementation a near-term possibility. We describe a theoretical approach for multiplying two N by N matrices that integrates threshold gate logic with conventional fast matrix multiplication algorithms, that perform $O(N^ømega)$ arithmetic operations for a positive constant $ømega < 3$. Our approach converts such a fast matrix multiplication algorithm into a constant-depth threshold circuit with approximately $O(N^ømega)$ gates. Prior to our work, it was not known whether the Θ(N^3)$-gate barrier for matrix multiplication was surmountable by constant-depth threshold circuits. Dense matrix multiplication is a core operation in convolutional neural network training. Performing this work on a neural architecture instead of off-loading it to a GPU may be an appealing option.
Towards a Recursive Hexapod for the Multidimensional Mechanical Testing of Composites (2010)

Automated inverse methods for material constitutive characterization under multidimensional loading conditions has motivated the custom design, manufacturing and utilization of mechatronic loading machines. This present paper reports on the architecture of a mechatronic system capable of enforcing 6-DoF kinematic boundary conditions on deformable material specimens under testing, while at the same time measuring both the imposed kinematics and the corresponding reaction forces in a fully automated manner. This system has a recursive nature as it consists of a hexapod configuration that repeats itself six times. In addition to the architecture, we also present the historical evolution, and current status of its manufacturing implementation and the initial fielding of our system for composite material testing and characterization.
Enhanced Biosensing Resolution with Foundry Fabricated Individually Addressable Dual-Gated ISFETs (2014)

The adaptation of semiconductor technologies for biological applications may lead to a new era of inexpensive, sensitive, and portable diagnostics. At the core of these developing technologies is the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), a biochemical to electrical transducer with seamless integration to electronic systems. We present a novel structure for a true dual-gated ISFET that is fabricated with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). In contrast to conventional SOI ISFETs, each transistor has an individually addressable back-gate and a gate oxide that is directly exposed to the solution. The elimination of the commonly used floating gate architecture reduces the chance of electrostatic discharge and increases the potential achievable transistor density. We show that when operated in a "dual-gate" mode, the transistor response can exhibit sensitivities to pH changes beyond the Nernst limit. This enhancement in sensitivity was shown to increase the sensor's signal-to-noise ratio, allowing the device to resolve smaller pH changes. An improved resolution can be used to enhance small signals and increase the sensor accuracy when monitoring small pH dynamics in biological reactions. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that the amplified sensitivity and improved resolution result in a shorter detection time and a larger output signal of a loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification reaction (LAMP) targeting a pathogenic bacteria gene, showing benefits of the new structure for biosensing applications.
Quadrature phase-shifted, extrinsic Fabry–Perot optical fiber sensors (1991)

We demonstrate the operation of a quadrature phase-shifted extrinsic Fabry-Perot fiber-optic sensor for the detection of the amplitude and the relative polarity of dynamically varying strain. Two laterally displaced single-mode fibers inserted within a hollow silica tube form the 90 degrees phase-shifted sensing system. A multimode fiber, placed in the tube facing the two fibers, acts as a reflector, thereby creating an air gap that acts as a Fabry-Perot cavity. A theoretical description of the sensor is given, and its operation as a dynamically varying strain sensor is described. Strain sensitivities of 5.54 degrees phase shift/microstrain cm(-1) are obtained.
Data from Characterization of CD33/CD3 Tetravalent Bispecific Tandem Diabodies (TandAbs) for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Randomized studies with gemtuzumab ozogamicin have validated CD33 as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated the potential of CD33/CD3-directed tandem diabodies (TandAbs) as novel treatment approach for AML. These tetravalent bispecific antibodies provide two binding sites for each antigen to maintain the avidity of a bivalent antibody and have a molecular weight exceeding the renal clearance threshold, thus offering a longer half-life compared to smaller antibody constructs.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We constructed a series of TandAbs composed of anti-CD33 and anti-CD3 variable domains of diverse binding affinities and profiled their functional properties in CD33<sup>+</sup> human leukemia cell lines, xenograft models, and AML patient samples.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Our studies demonstrated that several CD33/CD3 TandAbs could induce potent, dose-dependent cytolysis of CD33<sup>+</sup> AML cell lines. This effect was modulated by the effector-to-target cell ratio and strictly required the presence of T cells. Activation and proliferation of T cells and maximal AML cell cytolysis correlated with high avidity to both CD33 and CD3. High-avidity TandAbs were broadly active in primary specimens from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML <i>in vitro</i>, with cytotoxic properties independent of CD33 receptor density and cytogenetic risk. Tumor growth delay and inhibition were observed in both prophylactic and established HL-60 xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our data show high efficacy of CD33/CD3 TandAbs in various preclinical models of human AML. Together, these findings support further study of CD33/CD3 TandAbs as novel immunotherapeutics for patients with AML. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5829–38. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Enantiomeric purification of nonpolarized racemic mixtures using coherent light (2003)

Angular momentum constraints for coherently controlling chiral purification of racemic mixtures using the dipole-electric field interaction are examined in detail for two different scenarios. First shown is that achieving enantiomeric control in our earlier scheme [M. Shapiro, E. Frishman, and P. Brumer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1669 (2000)], using parallel laser pulses, requires that the system be M-polarized, where M is the projection of the total angular momentum along the axis of laser polarization. An alternate scenario is then introduced that allows chiral control in an unpolarized racemic mixture by using three mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light fields. Analytic expressions for the enantiomeric excess in both cases are derived and computational results are presented.
A systolic array processor for biological information signal processing (1991)

Article Free Access Share on A systolic array processor for biological information signal processing Authors: E. T. Chow Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CaliforniaView Profile , J. C. Peterson Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CaliforniaView Profile , M. S. Waterman Departments of Mathematics and of Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Departments of Mathematics and of Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaView Profile , T. Hunkapiller Department of Biology, Caltech, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Department of Biology, Caltech, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CaliforniaView Profile , B. A. Zimmermann Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Member of Technical Staff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '91: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on SupercomputingJune 1991 Pages 216–223https://doi.org/10.1145/109025.109081Published:01 June 1991Publication History 6citation445DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads445Last 12 Months19Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Fully-Integrated Heterogeneous DML Transmitters for High-Performance Computing (2019)

Optical connectivity, which has been widely deployed in today's datacenters and high-performance computing (HPC) systems, is a disruptive technological revolution to the IT industry in the new Millennium. In our journey to debut an Exascale supercomputer, a completely new computing concept, called memory-driven computing, was innovated recently. This new computing architecture brings challenges and opportunities for novel optical interconnect solutions. Here, we first discuss our strategy to develop appropriate optical link solutions for different data traffic scenarios in memory-driven HPCs. Then, we present detailed review on recent work to demonstrate fully photonics-electronics-integrated single- and multi-wavelength directly modulated laser (DML) transmitters on silicon for the first time. Compact heterogeneous microring lasers and laser arrays were fabricated as photonic engines to work with a customized complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) driver circuit. Microring lasers based on conventional quantum well and new quantum dot lasing medium were compared in the experiment. Thermal shunt and MOS capacitor structures were integrated into the lasers for effective thermal management and ultra low-energy tuning. It enables a controllable dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) link architecture in an HPC environment. An equivalent microring laser circuit model was constructed to allow photonics-electronics co-simulation. Equalization functionality in the CMOS driver circuit proved to be critical to achieve up to 14 Gb/s direct modulation with 6 dB extinction ratio. Finally, the on-going and future work is discussed towards more robust, higher speed, and more energy efficient DML transmitters.
Desalination utilizing clathrate hydrates (LDRD final report). (2008)

Advances are reported in several aspects of clathrate hydrate desalination fundamentals necessary to develop an economical means to produce municipal quantities of potable water from seawater or brackish feedstock. These aspects include the following, (1) advances in defining the most promising systems design based on new types of hydrate guest molecules, (2) selection of optimal multi-phase reactors and separation arrangements, and, (3) applicability of an inert heat exchange fluid to moderate hydrate growth, control the morphology of the solid hydrate material formed, and facilitate separation of hydrate solids from concentrated brine. The rate of R141b hydrate formation was determined and found to depend only on the degree of supercooling. The rate of R141b hydrate formation in the presence of a heat exchange fluid depended on the degree of supercooling according to the same rate equation as pure R141b with secondary dependence on salinity. Experiments demonstrated that a perfluorocarbon heat exchange fluid assisted separation of R141b hydrates from brine. Preliminary experiments using the guest species, difluoromethane, showed that hydrate formation rates were substantial at temperatures up to at least 12 C and demonstrated partial separation of water from brine. We present a detailed molecular picture of the structure and dynamics of R141b guest molecules within water cages, obtained from ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and Raman spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations were used to provide an energetic and molecular orbital description of R141b stability in both large and small cages in a structure II hydrate. Additionally, the hydrate of an isomer, 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, does not form at ambient conditions because of extensive overlap of electron density between guest and host. Classical molecular dynamics simulations and laboratory trials support the results for the isomer hydrate. Molecular dynamics simulations show that R141b hydrate is stable at temperatures up to 265K, while the isomer hydrate is only stable up to 150K. Despite hydrogen bonding between guest and host, R141b molecules rotated freely within the water cage. The Raman spectrum of R141b in both the pure and hydrate phases was also compared with vibrational analysis from both computational methods. In particular, the frequency of the C-Cl stretch mode (585 cm{sup -1}) undergoes a shift to higher frequency in the hydrate phase. Raman spectra also indicate that this peak undergoes splitting and intensity variation as the temperature is decreased from 4 C to -4 C.
Organic-Modified Silver Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives (2017)

Advanced lubrication is essential in human life for improving mobility, durability, and efficiency. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of two groups of oil-suspendable silver nanoparticles (NPs) as candidate lubricant additives. Two types of thiolated ligands, 4-(tert-butyl)benzylthiol (TBBT) and dodecanethiol (C12), were used to modify Ag NPs in two size ranges, 1-3 and 3-6 nm. The organic surface layer successfully suspended the Ag NPs in a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) base oil with concentrations up to 0.19-0.50 wt %, depending on the particle type. Use of the Ag NPs in the base oil reduced friction by up to 35% and wear by up to 85% in boundary lubrication. The two TBBT-modified NPs produced a lower friction coefficient than the C12-modified one, while the two larger NPs (3-6 nm) had better wear protection than the smaller one (1-3 nm). Results suggested that the molecular structure of the organic ligand might have a dominant effect on the friction behavior, while the NP size could be more influential in the wear protection. No mini-ball-bearing or surface smoothening effects were observed in the Stribeck scans. Instead, the wear protection in boundary lubrication was attributed to the formation of a silver-rich 50-100 nm thick tribofilm on the worn surface, as revealed by morphology examination and composition analysis from both the top surface and cross section.
Combined Economic Dispatch Considering the Time-Delay of District Heating Network and Multi-Regional Indoor Temperature Control (2017)

Wind power consumption is often curtailed by the inflexible operation of combined heat and power (CHP) units due to the strong coupling relationship between power generation and heating supply. Besides, the time delay of district heating network and indoor temperature usually affects the operation plan of the district heating system (DHS) heavily. Hence, a practical CHP-DHS model and multiregional coordinated operation strategy based on model predictive control are developed for planning and operating this CHP system. The thermal characteristics of demand side such as the thermal inertia of buildings and thermal comfort are taken into consideration. Three types of heat source are considered: CHP units, electrical boilers, and heat storage tanks. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the overall generation costs of CHP units and conventional thermal power units. Part of real provincial power system and a municipal DHS in the Northeastern China are used in this case study. The results show that the proposed method has better performance in wind power integration and indoor temperature control.
Toward a photonic arbitrary waveform generator using a modelocked external cavity semiconductor laser (2002)

We propose an architecture for photonic arbitrary waveform generation where the phase-locked longitudinal modes of a 12.4-GHz fundamentally modelocked external cavity semiconductor laser are individually modulated. We report photonic synthesis of microwave tones at 37.2 GHz (limited by photodetector bandwidth) with linewidth < 100 Hz and dynamic range 50 dB at 100-Hz resolution bandwidth. We show photonically synthesized 12.4-GHz sine waves with superimposed sinusoidal and pulsed RF modulations, demonstrating the potential for photonic arbitrary waveform generation with the proposed architecture.
Cloning and Characterization of the <i>Zymobacter palmae</i> Pyruvate Decarboxylase Gene ( <i>pdc</i> ) and Comparison to Bacterial Homologues (2002)

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is the key enzyme in all homo-ethanol fermentations. Although widely distributed among plants, yeasts, and fungi, PDC is absent in animals and rare in bacteria (established for only three organisms). Genes encoding the three known bacterial pdc genes have been previously described and expressed as active recombinant proteins. The pdc gene from Zymomonas mobilis has been used to engineer ethanol-producing biocatalysts for use in industry. In this paper, we describe a new bacterial pdc gene from Zymobacter palmae. The pattern of codon usage for this gene appears quite similar to that for Escherichia coli genes. In E. coli recombinants, the Z. palmae PDC represented approximately 1/3 of the soluble protein. Biochemical and kinetic properties of the Z. palmae enzyme were compared to purified PDCs from three other bacteria. Of the four bacterial PDCs, the Z. palmae enzyme exhibited the highest specific activity (130 U mg of protein(-1)) and the lowest Km for pyruvate (0.24 mM). Differences in biochemical properties, thermal stability, and codon usage may offer unique advantages for the development of new biocatalysts for fuel ethanol production.
Who to follow and why (2014)

User recommender systems are a key component in any on-line social networking platform: they help the users growing their network faster, thus driving engagement and loyalty.
SiC IR emitter design for thermophotovoltaic generators (1996)

An improved ceramic spine disc burner/emitter for use in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generator is described. A columnar infrared (IR) emitter consisting of a stack of silicon carbide (SiC) spine discs provides for both high conductance for the combustion gases and efficient heat transfer from the hot combustion gases to the emitter. Herein, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing of this SiC burner as well as the characterization of the IR spectrum it emits. We note that when the SiC column is surrounded with fused silica heat shields, these heat shields suppress the emitted power beyond 4 microns. Thus, a TPV generator using GaSb photovoltaic cells covered by simple dielectric filters can convert over 30% of the emitted IR radiation to DC electric power.