gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Four-Factor Immunoscore System That Predicts Clinical Outcome for Stage II/III Gastric Cancer (2017)

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is insufficiently prognostic for operable gastric cancer patients; therefore, complementary factors are under intense investigation. Although the focus is on immune markers, the prognostic impact of a single immune factor is minimal, due to complex antitumor immune responses. A more comprehensive evaluation may engender more accurate predictions. We analyzed immune factors by immunohistochemical staining in two independent cohorts. The association with patients' survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Our immunoscore system was constructed using Cox proportional hazard analysis. PD-L1<sup>+</sup> immune cells (IC), PD-L1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells (TC), PD-1<sup>hi</sup>, and CD8<sup>More</sup> were found among 33.33%, 31.37%, 33.33%, and 49%, respectively, of patients from the discovery cohort, and 41.74%, 17.4%, 38.26%, and 30.43% from the validation cohort. PD-L1<sup>+</sup> ICs and PD-1<sup>hi</sup> ICs correlated with poorer overall survival (OS), but PD-L1<sup>+</sup> TCs correlated with better OS and clinical outcomes and infiltration of more CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. These four factors were independently prognostic after tumor/lymph nodes/metastasis (TNM) stage adjustment. An immunoscore system based on hazard ratios of the four factors further separated gastric cancer patients with similar TNM staging into low-, medium-, or high-risk groups, with significantly different survival. Our prognostic model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.856 for prediction of mortality at 5 years, superior to that of TNM staging (AUC of 0.676). Thus, this more comprehensive immunoscore system can provide more accurate prognoses and is an essential complement to the AJCC staging system for operable gastric cancer patients. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(7); 524-34. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Thermal design of the SCUBA-2 instrument detector stage and enclosure (2004)

The SCUBA-2 instrument is a new wide field submillimeter imager currently being designed for the James Clerk Maxwell telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The instrument will observe simultaneously in the 450 and 850 micron bands and has a field of view of approximately 50 square arcminutes. To meet the performance requirements the detectors require a heat sink at a temperature of 50 mK or lower, and must be surrounded by an enclosure at a temperature of 1.1 K or below. Cooling is provided by the mixing chamber and still of a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator (DR), via thermal links of the order of a metre in length. A challenging set of requirements result from the need for a small temperature drop between the detectors and the refrigerator insert despite the large distance between them, the need to provide flexibility in the links to allow for movement during thermal contraction, and the need to allow for the detectors to be removed from the cryostat. Further, the arrays require a mounting structure which provides rigid mechanical support from the 1-K stage yet causes a very small heat input to millikelvin stage. This paper describes the design which has been evolved to meet these difficult (and often conflicting) requirements.
Effects of rosuvastatin on expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after vascular balloon injury in rats. (2013)

Expression of ACE2 mRNA and protein is decreased in the process of intimal thickening after balloon injury. The inhibitory effect of rosuvastatin on intimal thickening is related to upregulation of ACE2, an increase in Ang-(1-7), downregulation of AT1, and activation of the P-ERK pathway.
Attacking the Network Time Protocol (2016)

We explore the risk that network attackers can exploit unauthenticated Network Time Protocol (NTP) traffic to alter the time on client systems. We first discuss how an onpath attacker, that hijacks traffic to an NTP server, can quickly shift time on the server's clients. Then, we present an extremely low-rate (single packet) denial-of-service attack that an off-path attacker, located anywhere on the network, can use to disable NTP clock synchronization on a client. Next, we show how an off-path attacker can exploit IPv4 packet fragmentation to dramatically shift time on a client. We discuss the implications of these attacks on other core Internet protocols, quantify their attack surface using Internet measurements, and suggest a few simple countermeasures that can improve the security of NTP.
Artificial neural network-based forest fire detection system using wireless sensor network (2013)

In this paper, the problem of forest fire is considered and a comprehensive system is proposed with the use of wireless sensor network for real-time forest fire detection. The wireless sensor network can give more accurate detection of forest fire danger rate over traditional monitoring approaches like lookout towers and satellite based monitoring. This proposed framework mainly describes the data collection from designed data acquisition system and then its classification. The wireless transmission of sensor node data is done using BTBee module. Also artificial neural networks (ANN) approach, i.e. support vector machine (SVM) is applied for classification of collected data. Classification accuracy is evaluated and compared for various Kernel functions including multilayer perceptron (MLP), polynomial, quadratic and radial basis function (RBF).
Current-Carrying Characteristics of Conductive Microfiber Rings for High Frequencies and Current Amplitudes (2008)

Rings made from millions of conductive microfibers have shown to be a suitable alternative to conventional brushes using electrically conductive carbon graphite. If properly designed, such modern brushes can not only meet all the demands on carbon brushes while excluding the problems of excessive wear and hot-spotting/thermal wear commonly quoted with the latter, but are also especially suitable for use with high-frequency currents and voltages, thereby further expanding their fields of application. In this paper, we describe the current-carrying characteristics of such rings for high frequencies up to 10 MHz and large current amplitudes of several tens of amperes. We develop the theory to understand these characteristics and thus the ring design and support and illustrate the theoretical findings with experimental results.
Nonlinear Aeroelasticity of Flexible Wing Structure Coupled with Aircraft Flight Dynamics (2012)

This paper presents a nonlinear aeroelastic formulation of a coupled bending-torsion motion of a onedimensional flexible wing structure that is fully coupled with an aircraft rigid-body motion. The aeroelastic angle of attack is derived from kinematics of aircraft rigid-body velocities and wing aeroelastic deflection velocities. The nonlinear aeroelastic formulation fully takes into account engine thrust forces which are coupled with aeroelasticity, and wing pre-twist and dihedral angles which can increase the degree of coupling between the wing aeroelastic deflections and the aircraft rigid-body motion. The nonlinear aeroelastic deflection effects result in a nonlinear aerodynamic damping. A finite-element analysis method is used to discretize the nonlinear aeroelastic equations of the coupled bending-torsion motion. Static aeroelastic analysis is performed by coupling the finite-element model with a vortex-lattice aerodynamic model of an aircraft. A modal analysis based on the quasi-steady state aerodynamic assumption is conducted to compute aeroelastic symmetric modes and anti-symmetric modes of the wing structure. All aeroelastic modes are found to be stable within a flight envelope. The first two flutter airspeeds are due to the symmetric third bending mode and the anti-symmetric second bending mode, both of which occur well above the flight envelope of the generic transport aircraft. The nonlinear damping effect can contribute positively to the aerodynamic damping that can improve aeroelastic stability of a wing structure.
Role of axion electrodynamics in a Weyl metal: Violation of Wiedemann-Franz law (2014)

Recently, enhancement of the longitudinal magnetoelectrical conductivity (LMEC) has been observed in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}$ around $x\ensuremath{\sim}3%$ under $\mathbit{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}\mathbit{B}$ ($\mathbit{E}$, external electric field and $\mathbit{B}$, external magnetic field) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 246603 (2013)], where an enhancement factor proportional to ${B}^{2}$ is suggested to result from the $\mathbit{E}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbit{B}$ term. In the present study, we show that this ${B}^{2}$ enhancement is not limited on the LMEC, where both the Seebeck and thermal conductivities in the longitudinal setup ($\mathbit{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}\mathbit{B}$) are predicted to show essentially the same enhancement proportional to ${B}^{2}$. In particular, the ${B}^{2}$ enhancement factor of the LMEC turns out to differ from that of the longitudinal thermal conductivity, responsible for the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, which means that anomalous currents flowing through the dissipationless channel differ from each other. Since the breakdown of the WF law appears in spite of the existence of electron quasiparticles, regarded to be a purely topological character (chiral anomaly), the Weyl metallic state cannot be identified with the Landau Fermi-liquid fixed point. We propose the violation of the WF law as another hallmark of the Weyl metallic phase, which originates from axion electrodynamics.
Motion segment–sparing repair of symptomatic chronic pars defects (2011)

The number of patients undergoing motion segment-sparing fusions of symptomatic chronic SP can be safely increased to include patients with Grade I spondylolisthesis as well as high-grade disc disease. Female patients with bilateral L-5 SP and low lordotic angles may be better served by a posterior spinal fusion from L-5 to S-1.
A Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Quality Management Framework (2017)

Recent quality scandals reveal the importance of quality management from a supply chain perspective. Although there has been many related studies focusing on supply chain quality management, the technologies used still have difficulties in resolving problems arising from the lack of trust in supply chains. The root reason lies in three challenges brought to the traditional centralized trust mechanism: self-interests of supply chain members, information asymmetry in production processes, costs and limitations of quality inspections. Blockchain is a promising technology to address these problems. In this paper, we discuss how to improve the supply chain quality management by adopting the blockchain technology, and propose a framework for blockchain-based supply chain quality management.
Amelogenin Proteins of Developing Dental Enamel (2007)

The amelogenins of developing dental enamel are tissue-specific proteins, rich in proline, leucine, histidine and glutamyl residues, and synthesized by the ameloblast cells of the inner enamel epithelium. These proteins comprise the bulk of the extracellular matrix that becomes mineralized with a hydroxyapatite phase to become the mature enamel. Examination of the amino acid sequences of amelogenins from a range of mammals shows a high degree of evolutionary sequence conservation, suggestive of specialized function. Recently it has been shown that multiple amelogenin components, observed in the matrix, arise both by a sequence of post-secretory proteolytic processing and by the expression of alternatively spliced mRNAs generated from the amelogenin gene(s) that are located on the sex chromosomes. Although the function of these amelogenins in enamel biomineralization is unknown, physico-chemical studies of recombinant amelogenins have shown that they undergo a self-assembly process in vitro generating supra-molecular 'nanosphere' structures, and recent observations in vivo point to a functional role for the nanospheres in the ultrastructural organization of the secretory enamel matrix, conducive to the organized development of the earliest mineral crystallites.
A novel method for constructing a difluoromethylene group via the reaction of alkynes with bromine fluoride and iodine fluoride prepared directly from the corresponding elements (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel method for constructing a difluoromethylene group via the reaction of alkynes with bromine fluoride and iodine fluoride prepared directly from the corresponding elementsShlomo Rozen and Michael BrandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 2, 222–225Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00352a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (585 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An Alternative Probabilistic Interpretation of the Huber Loss (2021)

The Huber loss is a robust loss function used for a wide range of regression tasks. To utilize the Huber loss, a parameter that controls the transitions from a quadratic function to an absolute value function needs to be selected. We believe the standard probabilistic interpretation that relates the Huber loss to the Huber density fails to provide adequate intuition for identifying the transition point. As a result, a hyper-parameter search is often necessary to determine an appropriate value. In this work, we propose an alternative probabilistic interpretation of the Huber loss, which relates minimizing the loss to minimizing an upper-bound on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between Laplace distributions, where one distribution represents the noise in the ground-truth and the other represents the noise in the prediction. In addition, we show that the parameters of the Laplace distributions are directly related to the transition point of the Huber loss. We demonstrate, through a toy problem, that the optimal transition point of the Huber loss is closely related to the distribution of the noise in the ground-truth data. As a result, our interpretation provides an intuitive way to identify well-suited hyper-parameters by approximating the amount of noise in the data, which we demonstrate through a case study and experimentation on the Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet object detectors.
Molecular Mapping of Phytophthora Resistance Gene in Soybean Cultivar Zaoshu 18 (2010)

Soybean cv.Zaoshu 18 had been identified as an effective source resistant to Phytophthora root rot of soybean.The objectives of this study were to identify and map the Phytophthora resistance gene in Zaoshu 18 in order to facilitate its utilization and marker-assisted breeding.Zaoshu 18 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Williams to develop mapping populations.Genetic analysis of F_2 and F_(2:3) progenies indicated that resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Zaoshu 18 was controlled by a dominant single gene.The resistance gene was temporarily designated as RpsZS18.Based on linkage analysis of SSR markers,RpsZS18 was located on soybean molecular linkage group (MLG) D1b between SSR markers Sat_069 and Sat_183 with genetic distances 10.0cM and 8.3cM,respectively.It was the first locus for Phytophthora resistance that had been identified on MLG D1b.
Neurochemical Substrates for Opiate Reinforcement (1986)

The studies reported herein summarize our work to date aimed at determining the neurochemical substrates for the reinforcing properties of opiates. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin intravenously in daily 3-hour sessions, and pharmacological blockade and neurotoxin-induced lesions were used to define the neurochemical substrates for this reinforcing action. Low-dose DA receptor blockade failed to alter heroin self-administration but significantly increased cocaine self-administration, presumably reflecting a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of cocaine. Destruction of presynaptic DA terminals within the N.Acc. produced extinction of cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration. Opiate receptor blockade with systemic naloxone increased heroin, but not cocaine, self-administration. Methylnaloxonium injections into the N.Acc. were effective in increasing heroin self-administration at doses one-eighth those observed for intracerebroventricular injections. Reinforcement has been explored using a place-preference procedure and a self-administration drug-substitution paradigm. Mu/delta agonists such as B-END readily produce a naloxone-reversible place preference. Fentanyl derivatives also produce place preference and substitute for heroin during self-administration. The kappa agonist U50-488 produces place aversion, not place preference, and does not readily substitute for heroin. Altogether, these results suggest that mu/delta receptor subtypes in the region of the N.Acc. may be an important neurochemical substrate for opiate reinforcement.
Tricycle Pill regime. (1978)

A study was undertaken among 202 volunteers to determine whether the number of menstrual periods/year could be reduced to 4 by continuous administration of the oral contraceptive Minilyn for 84 days followed by 6 free days over a year and, if so, whether such a change would be acceptable. Tricycle administration was associated with side effects of spotting and breakthrough bleeding (in 24% of the patients in the 1st cycle, 4% in the 4th), weight gain (46%), breast discomfort (13%), headache (11%), dysmenorrhea (9%), and the Of the women, 82% approved of the reduction in number of menstrual periods, and 91% of the 53% who completed the trial refused to revert to a monthly regimen (66% of the patients who withdrew from the trial liked the idea of less frequent menstrual periods). Despite the self-selected nature of the women studied, there is evidence that women would appreciate the opportunity to manipulate the frequency of their menstrual periods. The optimum dosage of oral contraceptives to attain this condition has yet to be determined, and the dosage of estrogen in particular may be significantly reduced. If such a regimen proves attractive, attention might be focused on the development of nonestrogenic drugs for contraceptive purposes. The side effect of amenorrhea may even be an attraction to the use of such drugs.
Orientation of endothelial cells in shear fields in vitro (1984)

Vascular endothelial cells subjected to fluid shear stress change their shape from polygonal to ellipsoidal and become uniformly oriented with the flow. In order to study the mechanisms of this response, we have measured the relaxation of bovine aortic endothelial cells that were grown on glass coverslips and exposed to fluid shear stress for 72 hours. An image analysis system was developed to quantify the cell shape relaxation that occurs following the cessation of shear stress. This method provides two different quantitative measures of relaxation: the loss of elongated shape by the cells and the change in cell direction with time. After equilibration to a fluid shear stress level of 8 dynes/cm2, cells immersed in static medium relax their shape in about 20 hours. After 72 hours in this static condition, the cell elongation is comparable to that of unstressed control cells but vestiges remain of the original orientation in the flow direction. This relaxation process contributes to our understanding of the response of vascular endothelium to fluid shear stress.
mRNA Vaccines (2021)

The concept of developing mRNA as vaccine platform evolved over the last decades. mRNA uses host cells for antigen production, can induce B and T cell responses and does not rely on unwanted antigens that may interfere with booster doses like vector vaccines. Unmodified mRNA (uRNA) may be highly reactogenic; modification results not only in improved tolerability but also increases purity and potency. While self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) leads to higher antigen expression, such constructs are much larger, and this may reduce stability. mRNA vaccines need to be formulated in a way that allows cell entry, e.g., by using carefully designed lipid nanoparticles (LNP). As response to the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines were developed in less than one year from receiving the genetic code to licensure. The 2 marketed and modRNA products widely used today (162b2, Pfizer/Biontech; mRNA-1273, Moderna) differ in vitro in their ability to induce a CD8 T cell response. The development of a third vaccine, based in uRNA, was recently stopped. Both licensed modRNA vaccines have an acceptable reactogenicity and safety profile, a protection rate of ≥94% in large double-blind-randomized studies in adults and children ≥12-years of age with a vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease of >90% in the 6-month follow-up period.
Anti-Jam GPS Antennas for Wearable Dismounted Soldier Navigation Systems (2016)

Approaches for the design and fabrication of a wearable anti-jam global positioning system GPS antenna are explored to support accurate and uninterrupted position, navigation, and timing information for the dismounted Soldier. The state of the art for anti-jam GPS antenna technology is presented, including GPS antenna element and array designs, and algorithms for jammer mitigation, and the candidate technologies best fit for wearable anti-jam GPS systems are identified. Potential materials and fabrication methods that are most amenable to wearable anti-jam GPS antennas are explored, including textile-integrated embodiments and externally mountedremovable embodiments. Early measured results for a variety of textile-integrated carbon nanotube thread antennas are presented in order to explore the feasibility of applying bulk carbon nanotube materials to wearable anti-jam GPS antenna designs.