gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Suitability of Situational Leadership in the Oil and Gas Sector (2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether managers in Nigerian Oil and Gas companies exhibit situational leadership style, flexibility and adjustment to different situations. This study also investigated the validity of the Situational Leadership model, examining the relationship between employee maturity and leaders tolerance for autonomy. To identify a leader's observed leadership style and a follower's preferred leadership style, the Leadership Effectiveness and Adaptability Description (LEAD) – Other Instrument was used. The researcher used secondary sources (literature review) in order to analyze in more depth the data selected. Connections with theory and practice were made through the main theoretical lenses of leadership theory, particularly leadership style theory and situational leadership. Reference was also made to the context and nature of the oil and gas industry, as well as, to the influence of national culture on worker orientation.
Chemoaffinity-Mediated Synthesis of NaRES<sub>2</sub>-Based Nanocrystals as Versatile Nano-Building Blocks and Durable Nano-Pigments (2012)

In this article, we present a chemoaffinity-mediated synthetic strategy toward trivalent rare earth (RE) sulfides-based nanocrystals with poor affinity between cation and anion (i.e., RE(3+) and S(2-)). With the affinity mediation among multiple constituents based on hard and soft acid and base theory, we synthesized a series of monodisperse NaRES(2) nanocrystals (RE = La to Lu, Y). The revelation of the nanocrystal growth mechanism from both experimental evidence and crystal structure modeling has enabled a robust control over the sizes and morphologies of the nanocrystals. This principle of chemoaffinity has also promised the synthesis of well-defined but even more complex RE-based hetero-nanostructures (i.e. NaLaS(2)-Au, Au@NaLaS(2), NaLaS(2)@Ag(2)S, Au@NaLaS(2)@Ag(2)S) with tunable optical properties. Furthermore, this synthetic method has yielded durable NaCeS(2)-based red nano-pigments under ambient conditions, with superior brightness and permeability in polydimethylsiloxane.
Comparing Halide Ligands in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots for Field-Effect Transistors and Solar Cells (2018)

Capping colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with atomic ligands is a powerful approach to tune their properties and improve the charge carrier transport in CQD solids. Efficient passivation of the CQD surface, which can be achieved with halide ligands, is crucial for application in optoelectronic devices. Heavier halides, i.e., I<sup>-</sup> and Br<sup>-</sup>, have been thoroughly studied as capping ligands in the last years, but passivation with fluoride ions has not received sufficient consideration. In this work, effective coating of PbS CQDs with fluoride ligands is demonstrated and compared to the results obtained with other halides. The electron mobility in field-effect transistors of PbS CQDs treated with different halides shows an increase with the size of the atomic ligand (from 3.9 × 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) for fluoride-treated to 2.1 × 10<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) for iodide-treated), whereas the hole mobility remains unchanged in the range between 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) and 10<sup>-4</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s). This leads to a relatively more pronounced p-type behavior of the fluoride- and chloride-treated films compared to the iodide-treated ones. Cl<sup>-</sup>- and F<sup>-</sup>-capped PbS CQDs solids were then implemented as p-type layer in solar cells; these devices showed similar performance to those prepared with 1,2-ethanedithiol in the same function. The relatively stronger p-type character of the fluoride- and chloride-treated PbS CQD films broadens the utility of such materials in optoelectronic devices.
Size and deformability based separation of circulating tumor cells from castrate resistant prostate cancer patients using resettable cell traps (2015)

The enumeration and capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are potentially of great clinical value as they offer a non-invasive means to access tumor materials to diagnose disease and monitor treatment efficacy. Conventional immunoenrichment of CTCs may fail to capture cells with low surface antigen expression. Micropore filtration presents a compelling label-free alternative that enriches CTCs using their biophysical rather than biochemical characteristics. However, this strategy is prone to clogging of the filter microstructure, which dramatically reduces the selectivity after processing large numbers of cells. Here, we use the resettable cell trap (RCT) mechanism to separate cells based on their size and deformability using an adjustable aperture that can be periodically cleared to prevent clogging. After separation, the output sample is stained and analyzed using multi-spectral analysis, which provides a more sensitive and unambiguous method to identify CTC biomarkers than traditional immunofluorescence. We tested the RCT device using blood samples obtained from 22 patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer while comparing the results with the established CellSearch® system. The RCT mechanism was able to capture ≥5 CTCs in 18/22 (82%) patients with a mean count of 257 in 7.5 ml of whole blood, while the CellSearch system found ≥5 CTCs in 9/22 (41%) patients with a mean count of 25. The ~10× improvement in the CTC capture rate provides significantly more materials for subsequent analysis of these cells such as immunofluorescence, propagation by tissue culture, and genetic profiling.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Synthesized Porous Silicon Carbide as an Effective Host for Zeolite Catalysts. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimizing Accuracy and Depth of Protein Quantification in Experiments Using Isobaric Carriers (2020)

The isobaric carrier approach, which combines small isobarically labeled samples with a larger isobarically labeled carrier sample, finds diverse applications in ultrasensitive mass spectrometry analysis of very small samples, such as single cells. To enhance the growing use of isobaric carriers, we characterized the trade-offs of using isobaric carriers in controlled experiments with complex human proteomes. The data indicate that isobaric carriers directly enhance peptide sequence identification without simultaneously increasing the number of protein copies sampled from small samples. The results also indicate strategies for optimizing the amount of isobaric carrier and analytical parameters, such as ion accumulation time, for different priorities such as improved quantification or an increased number of identified proteins. Balancing these trade-offs enables adapting isobaric carrier experiments to different applications, such as quantifying proteins from limited biopsies or organoids, building single-cell atlases, or modeling protein networks in single cells. In all cases, the reliability of protein quantification should be estimated and incorporated in all subsequent analyses. We expect that these guidelines will aid in explicit incorporation of the characterized trade-offs in experimental designs and transparent error propagation in data analysis.
Full text retrieval of documents identified in on-line library catalogs via internet (1989)

In an effort to address issues of user access and retrieval of full-text files, the University of Maryland at College Park (UMCP) and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) are collaborating on a project to retrieve full text of documents using online library catalogs via Internet. Both organizations share a concern for the integration into the electronic environment of heretofore paperbased information.
Water Quality Notes: Dissolved Oxygen (2010)

SL313, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by P. Chris Wilson, provides an overview of dissolved oxygen (DO) from a chemical, physical, and ecological perspective and summarizes common analytical methods for measuring DO, state regulations, and management options. Includes glossary and references. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, January 2010. SL313/SS525: Water Quality Notes: Dissolved Oxygen (ufl.edu)
KrF Laser with x-ray Preionization (1979)

Output performance of x-ray preionized KrF laser is reported. Flash x-raygenerator used in this work produced 1.5×108electrons/cm3in laser gas. Outputenergy of 140 mJ obtained with x-ray preionization, indicating an electrical efficiencyof 0.93% is greater than 70 mJ obtained with wire corona preionization. KrF laseremission was detected from the initial electron density of about 106/cm3and the laserenergy was found to increase with increasing the initial electron number density.
TMAH texturisation and etching of interdigitated back contacts solar cells (2006)

In order to decrease reflectivity of silicon solar cells, NaOH or KOH texturisations are usually used leading to a pyramidal structure. However, these solutions are toxic and pollutant. Effectively, K or Na ions contaminate the passivation layer (SiO2 or SiN) deposited on the surface of the cell after texturisation. An alternative to KOH and NaOH texturisation is tetramethyl ammonium hydroxyde (CH3)4NOH) (TMAH). TMAH is not pollutant, not toxic and its use leads also to a pyramidal structure. Moreover, the etching rate and surface morphology can be controlled by the concentration of the solution, temperature and the addition of surfactant. Moreover, TMAH is selective with dielectrics and metals. It can therefore be used to produce self-aligned interdigitated back-contact solar cells (IBC). In this work, we have analysed the surface morphology and reflectivity after texturisation in TMAH in various experimental conditions. We have tested the possibility to use selective etching of the emitter of a back-contact solar cell by protecting the surface of the emitter with a metal grid. This new process permits to reduce the number of lithographic steps necessary to produce IBC solar cells.
Fibrous Monolithic Ceramics: II, Flexural Strength and Fracture Behavior of the Silicon Carbide/Graphite System (1993)

The fibrous monolith microstructure consists of high aspect ratio polycrystalline cells of SiC separated by thin cell boundaries containing graphite. The SiC/100% graphite fibrous monolith has noncatastrophic fracture behavior, is damage tolerant, and is notch insensitive. The failure process is characterized by fracture along weak graphite cell boundaries. The room‐temperature flexural strength is 300–350 MPa. The estimated shear strength along the graphite cell boundaries is ∼ 15 MPa. Increasing the strength of the cell boundary by additions of SiC (40–60 vol%) results in a monolithic SiC material showing brittle fracture behavior but retaining damage tolerance. Strength and fracture behavior are also influenced by cell texture and orientation.
A New Sesquiterpene Lactone from<i>Tsoongiodendron Odorum</i>Chun (2001)

A new sesquiterpene lactone (1) was obtained from the cytotoxic fraction of 95% ethanol extract of root barks of Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun together with two known sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide (2) and parthenolide (3). The structure of 1 was elucidated as 5alpha, 6alpha, 7beta, 10beta- 11alpha, 13-dihydro-4(15)-eudesmene-12, 6-olide on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence including X-ray diffraction analysis. Costunolide showed cytotoxic activity against human leukemia (HL-60) cell line. Parthenolide showed promising cytotoxic activities in vitro against HCT-8, Bel-7402, SKOV3, KB, HELA and EJ cell lines. Also, the cytotoxic ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of the root barks from which three chemical components were isolated showed promising cytotoxic activities in vitro against KB, BGC-823, Bel-7402, HCT-8, HL-60 cell lines.
Improvements in the performance index of self-centering capability of column (2015)

<p>The self-centering capability of columns after earthquakes is a focused topic of current seismic research. Present indices of self-centering capability of columns mainly rely on the relative values of the self-centering force offered by elastic elements and energy dissipation force offered by elastoplastic elements. These indices demand simple and clear relations among elements, so it is difficult to extend them to realistic structures. This paper simplifies a concrete column with unbonded prestressing strands into a single degree of freedom model in which a bilinear elastic spring and a bilinear elastoplastic spring are in parallel. A practical performance index of the self-centering capability is put forward. It takes into account the contribution of post-yield stiffness of the elastoplastic spring to self-centering capability. The index can be obtained by analyzing force-displacement hysteresis of the column. Through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the relation between the new index and static residual displacement of self-centering structures is built. This paper adopts the new self-centering index and the static residual displacement to measure the self-centering capability of a single degree of freedom system. The result shows that increasing the restoring force and post-yield stiffness of elastoplastic elements, decreasing the energy dissipation force are beneficial to the self-centering capability of the system.</p>
American Podiatric Medical Association Missing Time Survey, 2004 (2004)

A 2004 survey of US adults found that 19% had experienced foot problems at work at some time. As a result, 38% reported lost productivity and 28% missed time at work. Younger, less educated male workers were more likely to suffer from foot problems. The percentage of the total population surveyed who missed time at work owing to foot problems was 5.4% in 2004. In a previous survey conducted in 2000, the corresponding percentage was 6.6%.
Isolation of Molecular Markers for Salt Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

Characterization of many osmotic stress-induced genes has greatly contributed to the understanding of the physiological responses of plant cells to osmotic stress at the molecular level. In this study we constructed a subtraction library and generated 15 salt stress-inducible ESTs from this library to use as molecular markers that reflect the cellular responses to salt stress responses in Arabidopsis. The sequence analysis showed that 5 salt stress-inducible ESTs were identical to previously identified genes in Arabidopsis, 6 cDNAs were homologous to known genes found in plants as well as yeast, and 4 cDNAs were new genes. To confirm that expression of these clones are induced by salt stress, we carried out Northern blot analysis. When we examined for 15 cDNA clones, they were indeed induced by NaCl treatment. The induction level was variable among these genes ranging from approximately 2-fold to more than 50-fold. Also, Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes can be divided into three different induction patterns: early induction, late induction, and continuous induction.
Morphoproteomic and pharmacoproteomic correlates in hormone-receptor-negative breast carcinoma cell lines. (2004)

The aim of this study was to elucidate protein circuitry in breast cancer based on the profiling of hormone-receptor-negative breast carcinomas using morphoproteomic and pharmacoproteomic techniques. Three human breast carcinoma cell lines (SKBR-3, MDA-175, MDA-231) were reacted by immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures to detect several categories of protein analytes. Immunoreactivities and cell compartmentalizations were scored from 0 to 3+ positivity using bright-field microscopy. An automated cellular imaging system (ACIS) was used to obtain a final combined score of staining intensity and positive cells in the IHC reactions, to enable comparisons with the visual scores and the rates of inhibition by pharmaceutical agents. FDA-approved inhibitors that target the protein circuitry were added to the cultures for 2-4 days. Proliferation assays were conducted, and in vitro inhibition rates were calculated as (control - treated)/control. Western blot analyses of whole cell lysates assessed the effects of the pharmaceutical agents on selected aspects of protein circuitry. Good to excellent correlation was observed between visual scores and ACIS scores (r values from 0.732 to 0.996 in 10 of 11 trials). Gleevec produced growth inhibition that correlated with the composite expressions of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of ligands and receptors; captopril inhibited only MDA-175, consistent with its unique expression of plasmalemmal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); and interferon (IFN)-alpha effected growth inhibition in accordance with the degree of conventional (c) protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and phosphorylated (p)-PKCalpha/betaII expressions. Western blot analyses revealed correlative changes of several intracellular signals following incubation with these inhibitors. This study shows (a) a close association between the immunohistochemical expression of signal transduction markers and in vitro inhibition by pharmaceutical agents, and (b) correlations between the sites of action of the pharmaceutical agents and the downstream expression of proteins in hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer cell lines. Such morphoproteomic and pharmacoproteomic profiling of individual tumors may enable the pathologist and oncologist to design antitumor therapy that is customized for an individual patient.
Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration (2005)

Oxidative stress is a well-studied early response in chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, where neuronal loss can exceed 90% in the vulnerable neuronal population. Oxidative stress affects all classes of macromolecules (sugar, lipids, proteins, and DNA), leading inevitably to neuronal dysfunction. We observed that Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the predominant advanced glycation end product that accumulates in vivo, along with its glycation-specific precursor hexitol-lysine, are increased in neurons from cases of Alzheimer's disease, especially those containing intracellular neurofibrillary pathology. The increase in hexitol-lysine and CML can result from either lipid peroxidation or advanced glycation, whereas hexitol-lysine is solely a product of glycation, suggesting that two distinct oxidative processes act in concert in the neuropathology of the disease. Furthermore, using olfactory neurons as an experimental model, we observed an increase in glycation products in neurons derived from Alzheimer's disease patients. Our findings support the idea that aldehyde-mediated modifications, in concert with oxyradical-mediated modifications, are critical early pathogenic factors in Alzheimer's disease.
Pilot randomized trial for treatment of bacterial vaginosis using <i>in situ</i> forming metronidazole vaginal gel (2011)

Pilot testing showed that in situ MTZ vaginal gel is more effective than the conventional vaginal gel for long-term cure of BV. These findings suggest a novel and efficient long-term treatment of BV.
Soft micromachines with programmable motility and morphology (2016)

Nature provides a wide range of inspiration for building mobile micromachines that can navigate through confined heterogenous environments and perform minimally invasive environmental and biomedical operations. For example, microstructures fabricated in the form of bacterial or eukaryotic flagella can act as artificial microswimmers. Due to limitations in their design and material properties, these simple micromachines lack multifunctionality, effective addressability and manoeuvrability in complex environments. Here we develop an origami-inspired rapid prototyping process for building self-folding, magnetically powered micromachines with complex body plans, reconfigurable shape and controllable motility. Selective reprogramming of the mechanical design and magnetic anisotropy of body parts dynamically modulates the swimming characteristics of the micromachines. We find that tail and body morphologies together determine swimming efficiency and, unlike for rigid swimmers, the choice of magnetic field can subtly change the motility of soft microswimmers.
A microservices architecture for collaborative document editing enhanced with face recognition (2016)

Modern web applications can now provide rich and dynamic user experiences, such as allowing multiple users to collaboratively edit rich-text documents in real-time from multiple devices. Application architectures are evolving to support the development and deployment of such interactive functionality by decoupling software components into microservices. This paper introduces the architecture and the implementation of a collaborative rich-text editor that makes use of microservices to enable and enhance its scalable co-editing functionality. This includes microservices for synchronizing unstructured text using operational transformations, for chat functionality, and for detecting and recognizing faces in images added to the editor. The architecture makes use of Docker to allow for the development and testing of individual services as separate containers enabling seamless deployment across the available network of computers and other computing devices. The system will be demonstrated by showing how microservices make it possible for multiple users to co-edit a document where images containing faces are added and recognized as part of the document content, thereby supporting the document creation process.
Derivatives of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid for Photodynamic Therapy: Enzymatic Conversion into Protoporphyrin (1998)

In recent years, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has become a widespread agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In nucleated cells, ALA is converted into the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). A major drawback of ALA is its low bioavailability. As a result, high doses of ALA must be administered in order to reach clinically relevant levels of PpIX. Moreover, only superficially located lesions can be treated as a result of the poor penetration of ALA into tissues. A possible solution for this problem may be provided by the prodrug concept. In the present study, prodrugs of ALA have been synthesized. These ALA prodrugs are shown to result in higher PpIX levels in cells than does ALA itself. Of a range of ester prodrugs of ALA, the ALA-pentyl ester elicits the highest fluorescence. Furthermore, the enzymatic conversion of the derivatives into ALA and PpIX has been studied in lysed cells. Under these circumstances, the esters with the shorter alkyl chains induce the highest fluorescence. The alcohols that arise as side products from enzymatic conversion of the prodrugs are shown to have no influence on the experiments.
The use of immune modulating drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (2016)

This review discusses the mechanisms of action of 4 immune modulating drugs currently used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), including Alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that functions by targeting CD52, an antigen primarily expressed on T and B lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, resulting in their depletion and subsequent repopulation; Dimethyl fumarate that switches cytokine production toward a T helper 2 profile and enhances cytosolic levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which has immune regulatory and cytoprotective effects on oligodendrocytes, neurons, and glial cells; Fingolimod functions by blocking the release of activated lymphocytes from lymph nodes by targeting sphingosin-1-phosphate receptors; Natalizumab a humanized monoclonal antibody binds α4β1-integrin resulting in reduced migration of immune cells from blood across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. This review presents the most up to date information on mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of these immune modulators and provides future perspectives for the treatment of MS.