gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue distribution of somatostatin receptor subtype messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat (1993)

The tissue distribution of mRNA encoding five somatostatin receptor subtypes, SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5, was determined in adult rat tissues by solution hybridization/nuclease protection analysis using sequence-specific cRNA probes. In the central nervous system, SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNA were expressed widely, with highest levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus, cortex, and amygdala and expression of both isoforms in cerebellum and spinal cord. Expression of SSTR3 was also widespread, occurring in all brain regions examined, with the highest level of expression in the cerebellum. SSTR4 mRNA was detected in most brain regions, with highest levels occurring in the hippocampus, cortex, and olfactory bulb. No detectable levels were found in cerebellum. SSTR5 showed a unique pattern of expression in the central nervous system, being found primarily in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. In peripheral tissues, high levels of SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNA were found in pituitary and spleen. SSTR1 mRNA was also found in the heart and intestine, SSTR2 was detected in pancreas, and both isoforms were expressed in stomach. Expression of SSTR3 was noted in heart, liver, stomach, intestine, kidney, spleen, and pituitary. The patterns of expression were similar for SSTR4 and SSTR3 mRNA; however, SSTR4 was not expressed in liver. SSTR5 was expressed predominantly in the pituitary, but detectible levels were observed in spleen and intestine. Thus, the SSTR subtype mRNA showed both a tissue-specific and overlapping pattern of expression. Taken together with SSTR-specific signal transduction systems, this probably explains the diverse physiological actions of somatostatin.
Calcium-activated neutral protease inhibitor(E-64c) and reperfusion for experimental myocardial infarction. (1989)

We examined the efficacy of the combination of coronary reperfusion and calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) inhibitor (E-64c) for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in dogs. In 34 dogs, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded and reperfused after 1 hour (Groups A and B). In the remaining 49 dogs, the LAD was ligated (Groups C and D). E-64c (100 mg/kg, Groups A and C) or vehicle (Groups B and D) was injected intravenously before and after the coronary occlusion or ligation. After 24 hours the hearts were removed. The proportion of the infarct size in the LAD perfusing area (risk zone) in Group A was 47.3 +/- 9.7%, significantly lower than in Group C (54.8 +/- 8.2%, p less than 0.05) or Group D (58.7 +/- 10.0%, p less than 0.01). There was a significant difference between Group B (52.9 +/- 8.6%) and Group D as well (p less than 0.05). The effects of reperfusion (p = 0.0016) and E-64c (p = 0.0226) per se on infarct size were significant, but the combination of reperfusion and E-64c was not additive. The decrease in CPK activity in the risk zone was significantly lower in the reperfused group (p = 0.0001). The mCANP activity was higher in the border zone and lower in the infarct zone. The trend in the mu CANP activity was similar to that of mCANP. Thus, treatment with a CANP inhibitor in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction may be marginally beneficial in combination with reperfusion.
Integrated reactive ion etching to pattern cross-linked hydrophilic polymer structures for protein immobilization (2007)

Patterning of cross-linked hydrophilic polymer features using reactive ion etching (RIE) capable of covalently immobilizing proteins has been achieved. Projection photolithography was used to pattern photoresist to create micromolds. Vapor phase molecular self-assembly of polymerizable monolayer in molds allowed covalent binding of hydrogel on surface during free-radical polymerization. Excess hydrogel blanket film was consumed with oxygen RIE resulting into hydrogel pattern of 1μm size aligned to prefabricated silicon oxide structures. Proteins were finally coupled through their primary amine groups selectively to acid functionalized hydrogel features through stable amide linkages using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide.
Advantages of PM-machines compared to induction machines in terms of efficiency and sensorless control in traction applications (2011)

The energy consumption of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is compared with the model of an induction machine (IM). Both machines are wheel-hub traction drives and developed for electric tramways. An overview contrasts the ability of sensorless control for the two machine types at different machine speed. The Indirect Flux detection by Online Reactance Measurement (INFORM) method at standstill and low speed and a back-EMF model at high speed provide sensorless control of the PMSM over the whole speed range. The quality characteristic of the two approaches (depending on speed and load), the implemented control structure and the influence of the INFORM test sequences on produced torque are discussed.
含水量的近红外反射(NIR)测量在工业中的应用 (1992)

1.前言在最近几年,NIR 仪器的发展已由模拟电路转向数字电路。由于数字电路与先进的光学设计的结合能提供较大的灵活性和数字运算能力,使我们有可能制造一系列尖端且易于使用的仪器。这些仪器具有多红外波长特性并能提
Application of Whole-Cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Identification and Clustering Analysis of<i>Pantoea</i>Species (2010)

Pantoea agglomerans is an ecologically diverse taxon that includes commercially important plant-beneficial strains and opportunistic clinical isolates. Standard biochemical identification methods in diagnostic laboratories were repeatedly shown to run into false-positive identifications of P. agglomerans, a fact which is also reflected by the high number of 16S rRNA gene sequences in public databases that are incorrectly assigned to this species. More reliable methods for rapid identification are required to ascertain the prevalence of this species in clinical samples and to evaluate the biosafety of beneficial isolates. Whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) methods and reference spectra (SuperSpectrum) were developed for accurate identification of P. agglomerans and related bacteria and used to detect differences in the protein profile within variants of the same strain, including a ribosomal point mutation conferring streptomycin resistance. MALDI-TOF MS-based clustering was shown to generally agree with classification based on gyrB sequencing, allowing rapid and reliable identification at the species level.
Interactive learning for efficiently detecting errors in insurance claims (2011)

Many practical data mining systems such as those for fraud detection and surveillance deal with building classifiers that are not autonomous but part of a larger interactive system with an expert in the loop. The goal of these systems is not just to maximize the performance of the classifier but to make the experts more efficient at performing their task, thus maximizing the overall Return on Investment of the system. This paper describes an interactive system for detecting payment errors in insurance claims with claim auditors in the loop. We describe an interactive claims prioritization component that uses an online cost-sensitive learning approach (more-like-this) to make the system efficient. Our interactive prioritization component is built on top of a batch classifier that has been trained to detect payment errors in health insurance claims and optimizes the interaction between the classifier and the domain experts who are consuming the results of this system. The goal is to make these auditors more efficient and effective as well as improving the classification performance of the system. The result is both a reduction in time it takes for the auditors to review and label claims as well as improving the precision of the system in finding payment errors. We show results obtained from applying this system at two major US health insurance companies indicating significant reduction in claim audit costs and potential savings of $20-$26 million/year making the insurance providers more efficient and lowering their operating costs. Our system reduces the money being wasted by providers and insurers dealing with incorrectly processed claims and makes the healthcare system more efficient.
Secure virtual private networking over inmarsat packet-based services (2004)

This paper presents two solutions for building secure virtual private networks (VPN) over the new pay-per-byte inmarsat mobile packet data service (MPDS) and regional broadband global area network (RBGAN). Standard VPN tunnels are established to support an IP security overlay subtended by military-grade IP encryption devices. This open approach makes these and other emerging satellite packet-based data services immediately suitable for ad-hoc deployed and mobile military communications, which require ubiquitous access, bandwidth on demand, closed-user-group separation, data security and terminal mobility. These solutions are expected to satisfy the ever-increasing need for augmenting military SATCOM networks with interoperable, easy-to-deploy, high-availability, low-cost commercial systems and services. The paper focuses on two standard tunneling protocols: GRE (generic routing encapsulation) and L2TP (Layer 2 tunneling protocol), here adopted to federate mobile, deployed and fixed hosts over meshed and hub-and-spoke commercial-type VPNs.
Detection and labeling ribs on expiration chest radiographs (2003)

Typically, inspiration is preferred when xraying the lungs. The x-ray technologist will ask a patient to be still and to take a deep breath and to hold it. This not only reduces the possibility of a blurred image but also enhances the quality of the image since air-filled lungs are easier to see on x-ray film. However, inspiration causes low density in the inner part of lung field. That means that ribs in the inner part of lung field have lower density than the other parts nearer to the border of the lung field. That is why edge detection algorithms often fail to detect ribs. Therefore to make rib edges clear we try to produce an expiration lung field using a 'hemi-elliptical cavity.' Based on the expiration lung field, we extract the rib edges using <i>canny edge detector</i> and a new connectivity method, called '4 way with 10-neighbors connectivity' to detect clavicle and rib edge candidates. Once the edge candidates are formed, our system selects the best candidates using knowledge-based constraints such as a gradient, length and location. The edges can be paired and labeled as superior rib edge and inferior rib edge. Then the system uses the clavicle, which is obtained in a same method for the rib edge detection, as a landmark to label all detected ribs.
Hexahydro-1H-1-pyrindines from acid rearrangement of 9-alkylidene-5-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylmorphans. Structural type of narcotic antagonists (1987)

9-Methylene- and 9-ethylidene-5-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylmorphans (1, 2) and refluxing 48% HBr have given rearrangement products 3 and 4, respectively. The structure of 4 [4a-ethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-1- pyrindine] was determined by X-ray crystallography and that of 3 [1,4a-dimethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H- pyrindine] follows from analogy and NMR data. Compounds 3 and 4 are opioid antagonists of about the potency of nalorphine in the tail-flick vs. morphine assay and precipitate a complete abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent monkeys. Both are nearly devoid of antinociceptive activity and they have about 0.025 times the affinity of nalorphine for the mu opioid receptor.
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (2015)

Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main neuropathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. However, it has become increasingly apparent that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD. This review summarizes the current status of neuroinflammation research related to AD, focusing on the connections between neuroinflammation and some inflammation factors in AD. Among these connections, we discuss the dysfunctional blood-brain barrier and alterations in the functional responses of microglia and astrocytes in this process. In addition, we summarize and discuss the role of intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses in astrocytes and microglia, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, nuclear factor-kappa B cascade, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma transcription factors. Finally, the dysregulation of the control and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and classic AD pathology (amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) in AD is also reviewed.
Ultrasound‐Enhanced Thrombolysis (2001)

Problems with current thrombolytic therapy include slow and incomplete thrombolysis and frequent bleeding complications. Increasing evidence from in vitro, animal, and initial patient studies indicates that application of ultrasound as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy offers unique potential to improve effectiveness and decrease bleeding complications. Numerous studies in vitro demonstrate that low intensity ultrasound increases enzymatic fibrinolysis through mechanisms that include improving drug transport, reversibly altering fibrin structure, and increasing tPA binding to fibrin. These observations have been confirmed in animal models that demonstrated that ultrasound delivered transcutaneously or with an endovascular catheter accelerates thrombolysis in models of venous, arterial, and small vessel thrombosis. Ultrasound delivered at higher intensities using either an endovascular vibrating wire or transcutaneously in conjunction with stabilized microbubbles can cause mechanical fragmentation of thrombus without administration of plasminogen activator. Recent studies indicate that ultrasound at lower frequencies in the range of 20-40 kHz has a greater effect on thrombolysis with improved tissue penetration and less heating. These studies form the basis for clinical trials investigating the potential of ultrasound as an adjunct to improve thrombolytic therapy.
Sirolimus and its Analogs and its Effects on Vascular Diseases (2010)

Sirolimus (rapamycin), a macrolide antibiotic approved for use as an immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of organ rejection, is a cell proliferation inhibitor and regulator of the immune response which acts through inhibition of TOR (target of rapamycin), a kinase essential to cell cycle progression. Recent studies suggest that the TOR pathway is critical to overall cell function, and at a basic mechanistic level, may be a regulator and potential therapeutic target involved in many of the major (and minor) disorders seen in man today. Cardiovascular diseases including restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention as well as the more widespread condition of atherosclerosis, share this common involvement of TOR. The present report addresses the current state of intervention in cardiovascular disorders with Sirolimus and similar inhibitors of TOR, including the rationale for this approach and the successes observed to date. Success of the first drug-eluting stent to locally treat restenosis in the clinic is discussed, as are preclinical studies addressing a role in overall atherosclerosis in animal models. In addition, due to the known toxicities when given systemically, an approach for targeted delivery to local areas of vascular disease is discussed.
Slip detecting by tactile sensor using Acoustic Resonant Tensor Cell and its application for grasping. (2002)

This paper describes a slip sensor using Acoustic Resonant Tensor Cell (ARTC) . This slip sensor is made smaller than previous researches. We conducted a finite element method simulation to ensure the hypothesis of slip detection. Then we propose how to feedback the slip information to grasping force. Furthermore its performance of slip detection is shown through experiments for evalueation.
Serine 331 and Tyrosine 333 Are Both Involved in the Interaction between the Cytosolic Domain of TGN38 and the μ2 Subunit of the AP2 Clathrin Adaptor Complex (1997)

TGN38 is a type I integral membrane protein that cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. Internalization at the cell surface and targeting back to the trans-Golgi network is dependent on a hexapeptide motif, SDYQRL, in the cytosolic tail of the protein. It was recently demonstrated that this motif specifically interacts with the mu2 subunit of the AP2 adaptor complex. We have studied the interaction between the entire cytosolic domain of TGN38 and mu2 using the yeast two hybrid system, in vitro binding of recombinant fusion proteins and IAsys optical biosensor technology. A specific interaction has been demonstrated in each of the systems we have employed. We have shown an absolute requirement for Tyr-333 of TGN38 in binding to mu2. In addition we found that mutation of Ser-331 to alanine reduces the affinity of the interaction. By measuring tryptophan fluorescence at equilibrium, we have also determined the dissociation constant for the interaction between the entire cytosolic tail of TGN38 and mu2 as 58 nM. In contrast to previously published work, our data suggest that not only Tyr-333 but also its context is important in determining the specificity of binding of TGN38 to mu2.
A biochemically-interpretable machine learning classifier for microbial GWAS (2020)

Current machine learning classifiers have successfully been applied to whole-genome sequencing data to identify genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but they lack causal interpretation. Here we present a metabolic model-based machine learning classifier, named Metabolic Allele Classifier (MAC), that uses flux balance analysis to estimate the biochemical effects of alleles. We apply the MAC to a dataset of 1595 drug-tested Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and show that MACs predict AMR phenotypes with accuracy on par with mechanism-agnostic machine learning models (isoniazid AUC = 0.93) while enabling a biochemical interpretation of the genotype-phenotype map. Interpretation of MACs for three antibiotics (pyrazinamide, para-aminosalicylic acid, and isoniazid) recapitulates known AMR mechanisms and suggest a biochemical basis for how the identified alleles cause AMR. Extending flux balance analysis to identify accurate sequence classifiers thus contributes mechanistic insights to GWAS, a field thus far dominated by mechanism-agnostic results.
Two decades of internet video streaming (2013)

For over two decades, video streaming over the Internet has received a substantial amount of attention from both academia and industry. Starting from the design of transport protocols for streaming video, research interests have later shifted to the peer-to-peer paradigm of designing streaming protocols at the application layer. More recent research has focused on building more practical and scalable systems, using Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP. In this article, we provide a retrospective view of the research results over the past two decades, with a focus on peer-to-peer streaming protocols and the effects of cloud computing and social media.
Labeling and identification of LNCaP cell surface proteins: A pilot study (2007)

Cell surface biotinylation is an effective technique for identifying membrane proteins in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. We have demonstrated the identification of androgen-regulated membrane proteins and their validation in tissue samples.
[Determination of 35 kinds of plasticizers in drinking water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. (2014)

The method is suitable for determination of 35 plasticizers simultaneously in drinking water with easy operation, high accuracy and precision.
A Robust UHF Near-Field RFID Reader Antenna (2012)

A novel broadband antenna for ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. The antenna is composed of a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW), a coplanar stripline (CPS), a lumped balun, multiple resistors, and a finite-sized ground plane. The load impedance is equal to the characteristic impedance of the CPS, hence traveling wave can transmit along the CPS. The proposed antenna structure can produce large currents along the CPS so that a strong and uniform magnetic field distribution is excited in the adjacent region around the antenna. The antenna geometry, design concept, simulated, and measured results are carefully discussed throughout the paper. Measurements show that the antenna operating with a commercial reader demonstrates good performance of tag identification with inductive coupling for near-field RFID applications. In addition, the parametric study is conducted to facilitate the design and optimization processes for engineers.
Study on Synthesis of p-Methoxyphenol (2007)

The synthetic process of p-Methoxyphenol is reported in this article.p-Methoxyphenol was designed and synthesized from p-methoxyaniline via diazotization and hydrolysis,and the structure of the final product was identified by IR and MS.The better processing conditions were determined through the experiments and total yield could reach 71.2%.Compared with the method reported in literature,this new method has several advantages such as cheap reagents,facile reaction conditions,convenient operation and high yield.
Signal combining in LINC amplifier using Alamouti codes (2010)

The linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC) amplification method is discussed. A novel way of combing the equi-magnitude signals is presented. This method uses the space time 2×1 Alamouti code for combining the signal at the receiver. By so doing, the combiner power loss and isolation problems inherent in this technique can be avoided.
Fast‐Track, One‐Step <i>E. coli</i> Detection: A Miniaturized Hydrogel Array Permits Specific Direct PCR and DNA Hybridization while Amplification (2016)

A timesaving and convenient method for bacterial detection based on one‐step, one‐tube deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization on hydrogel array while target gene amplification is described. The hydrogel array is generated by a fast one‐pot synthesis, where N,N ′‐dimethylacrylamide/polyethyleneglycol(PEG 1900 )‐bisacrylamide mixture polymerizes via radical photoinitiation by visible light within 20 min concomitant with in situ capture probe immobilization. These DNA‐functionalized hydrogel droplets arrayed on a planar glass surface are placed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture during the thermal amplification cycles. The bacterial cells can be implemented in a direct PCR reaction, omitting the need for prior template DNA extraction. The resulting fluorescence signal is immediately detectable after the end of the PCR (1 h) following one short washing step by microscopy. Therefore a valid signal can be reached within 1.5 h including 10 min for pipetting and placement of the tubes and chips. The performance of this novel hydrogel DNA array was successfully proven with varying cell numbers down to a limit of 10 1 Escherichia coli cells. image