gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing athletic performance by influence curves (1991)

Recent application of modeling techniques to physical training has opened the possibility for prediction from training. Solution of the inverse problem, determining a training program to produce a desired performance at a specific time, is also possible and may yield strategies for achieving better training and tapering (complete or relative rest for a period before competition) regimens for competitive athletes. A mathematical technique derived from model theory is described in this paper that allows the design of an optimal strategy of physical preparation for an individual to do well in a single future competitive event or cluster of events. Simulation results, using default parameters of a training model, suggest that presently accepted forms of taper for competition may remain too rigorous and short in duration to achieve the best result possible from the training undertaken.
Reconceptualizing human capital (2023)

This essay situates human capital within a larger category of human capabilities that includes physical skills, cognitive functions, self-regulation, and caring capabilities. Our analysis of these capabilities departs from standard neoclassical reasoning about human capital in several ways. We note the importance of altruistic preferences (as well as skills) that are necessary for the effective care of others. We point beyond explicit forms of investment to the value of exposure to positive externalities in families and neighborhoods. We emphasize that caring capabilities generate larger social than private returns and are therefore not likely to be fairly rewarded in the market. This reconceptualization suggests that the costs of developing human capabilities are inequitably distributed.
A TEXTURE-BASED OBJECT DETECTION DETECTION AND AN ADAPTIVE MODEL-BASED CLASSIFICATION (1998)

This paper describes a method for detecting and classifying obstacles in the vehicle environment in order to assist drivers in their driving behavior decision making process. Images are acquired by a CCD camera installed at the rear view mirror of the vehicle. The object detection is based on texture measurements and the determination of object types is performed by a matching process. The non-linear function between the matching quality and the object classes is realized by a neural network.
Quantification of concentration changes in neonatal human cerebral oxidized cytochrome oxidase (1991)

The oxygenation of cerebral cytochrome oxidase in vivo was investigated in eight newborn preterm infants. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify changes in the concentration of oxidized cytochrome oxidase ([CytO2]) observed during alterations in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the range of 85-99% and of carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in the range of 4.3-9.6 kPa. No relation was found between changes in SaO2 and [CytO2]. Alterations in PaCO2 were positively related both to changes in [CytO2] and total cerebral hemoglobin concentration [( Hb]t). The changes in [CytO2] ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 (median 0.21) mumol.l-1.kPa-1. The ratio [CytO2]/[Hb]t ranged from 0.06 to 0.12 (median 0.08). The relation of delta [CytO2] to the change in cerebral blood volume (delta CBV) was calculated: delta [CytO2]/delta CBV ranged from 0.09 to 0.18 (median 0.11) mumol/ml. These results define a fraction of cerebral cytochrome oxidase in the newborn infant that is oxidized after an increase in PaCO2 but demonstrate that a change in SaO2 in the range studied was not sufficient by itself to change [CytO2]. They differ from results of studies in adults; this may reflect significant differences between adult and neonatal brain.
An Open Reading Frame Element Mediates Posttranscriptional Regulation of Tropoelastin and Responsiveness to Transforming Growth Factor β1 (1999)

Elastin, an extracellular component of arteries, lung, and skin, is produced during fetal and neonatal growth. We reported previously that the cessation of elastin production is controlled by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Although tropoelastin pre-mRNA is transcribed at the same rate in neonates and adults, marked instability of the fully processed transcript bars protein production in mature tissue. Using RNase protection, we identified a 10-nucleotide sequence in tropoelastin mRNA near the 5' end of the sequences coded by exon 30 that interacts specifically with a developmentally regulated cytosolic 50-kDa protein. Binding activity increased as tropoelastin expression dropped, being low in neonatal fibroblasts and high in adult cells, and treatment with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), which stimulates tropoelastin expression by stabilizing its mRNA, reduced mRNA-binding activity. No other region of tropoelastin mRNA interacted with cellular proteins, and no binding activity was detected in nuclear extracts. The ability of the exon-30 element to control mRNA decay and responsiveness to TGF-beta1 was assessed by three distinct functional assays: (i) insertion of exon 30 into a heterologous gene conferred increased reporter activity after exposure to TGF-beta1; (ii) addition of excess exon 30 RNA slowed tropoelastin mRNA decay in an in vitro polysome degradation assay; and (iii) a mutant tropoelastin cDNA lacking exon 30, compared to wild-type cDNA, produced a stable transcript whose levels were not affected by TGF-beta1. These findings demonstrate that posttranscriptional regulation of elastin production in mature tissue is conferred by a specific element within the open reading frame of tropoelastin mRNA.
Monitoring of Particle Fracture by Acoustic Emission during Charge and Discharge of Li / MnO2 Cells (1997)

Charge and discharge of cells were examined with monitoring of particle fracture of manganese dioxide by acoustic emission. Manganese dioxide used was electrolytic manganese dioxide heat‐treated at 400°C for 24 h in air [HEMD(400)]. The acoustic‐emission technique worked well to monitor events that occurred inside a cell. During the first discharge to prepare a deep‐discharge product, a closely packed series of acoustic events was observed, especially in the latter half of the discharge process, which contained most of the acoustic events. During cycling, acoustic events were concentrated at the end of discharge while no event was observed during charge, indicating that particle fracture took place during lithium‐ion insertion into a solid matrix. Rate‐capability tests showed that the rate of acoustic events was a function of current drain, i.e., a higher discharging current accelerated particle fracture. From these results we discuss the important role of mechanical properties of materials upon the lithium‐insertion scheme. We also discuss the ideal considerations regarding insertion materials for advanced batteries.
Treatment for the Addictions in a Psychiatric Setting (1989)

The Alcoholism, Chemical Dependency and Compulsive Gambling Services at South Oaks Hospital (a 334-bed private psychiatric facility in Amityville, New York) are discussed. Psychodrama and other group methods are integral parts of the program the interdisciplinary treatment team, headed by a psychiatrist, includes addiction counsellors. Outpatient continuing care and self-help groups are stressed.
Persistent Memory (2017)

This paper provides an overview of the expected value of emerging persistent memory technologies to high performance computing (HPC) use cases. These values are somewhat speculative at the time of writing, based on what has been announced by vendors to become available over the next year, but we describe the potential value to HPC as well as some of the challenges in using persistent memory. The enabling work being done in the software ecosystem, applicable to HPC, is also described.
Amelioration of intestinal and systemic sequelae of murine Campylobacter jejuni infection by probiotic VSL#3 treatment (2017)

Administration of probiotic formulations such as VSL#3 might open up valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of <i>C. jejuni</i> induced intestinal and systemic sequelae in vivo by the suppression of pro-inflammatory and induction of anti-inflammatory responses.
8.6 Enabling wide autonomous DVFS in a 22nm graphics execution core using a digitally controlled hybrid LDO/switched-capacitor VR with fast droop mitigation (2015)

A graphics execution core in 22nm improves energy efficiency across a wide DVFS range, from the near-threshold voltage (NTV) region, where circuit assist lowers intrinsic V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M!N</inf> , to the turbo region, where adaptive clocking reduces the voltage-droop guard-band [1]. When powered with a shared rail, however, energy is wasted in the core if other blocks demand higher voltage and performance. Alternately, a per-core fully-integrated voltage regulator (VR) provides a cost-effective means to realize autonomous DVFS [2-4].
<title>Laser cutting and sealing methods of capillary glass tube</title> (2004)

Cutting and sealing methods of quartz and borosilicate capillary glass-tube using CO<sub>2</sub> laser have been investigated. Conventional cutting and sealing glass tube have been done independently from each other. In this study, cutting and sealing processes of glass tube with 1.4 mm outer diameter and 0.25 mm thickness are done simultaneously. Key parameters of laser glass-tube cutting and sealing are laser power, laser spot-size, exposure time and rotation speed of glass tube. Also, the gas pressure-difference between the inside and the outside of glass tube plays a pivotal role in determination of cutting quality. Laser power required for sealing of quartz tube is about 3 times higher than that of borosilicate tube. However, the cutting power of borosilicate tube is slightly higher than that of quartz tube. A clean cut requires 2 or 3 times of rotation within 0.7 sec exposure-time. A proper spot-size of laser should be irradiated on the surface of glass tube, to obtain an enough melting volume for sealing. Differences of cutting and sealing quality beween quartz and borosilicate tubes have been presented in this article.
Biological function of the retinoblastoma protein requires distinct domains for hyperphosphorylation and transcription factor binding. (1992)

Despite the importance of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene to tumor growth control, the structural features of its encoded protein (pRb) and their relationship to protein function have not been well explored. We constructed a panel of deletion mutants of pRb expression vectors and used a biological assay for pRb that measures growth inhibition and morphologic changes in pRb-transfected Saos-2 cells to correlate structural alterations of the pRb coding region with function. We tested the deleted proteins for the ability to bind to viral oncoprotein E1A and to the transcription factor E2F. We also measured the ability of the mutant proteins to become hyperphosphorylated in vivo and to be recognized as substrates in vitro by a cell cycle-regulatory kinase associated with cyclin A. We identified two regions of pRb that are required for E2F binding and for hyperphosphorylation. E1A binding domains partially overlap but are distinct from both of these other two regions. Biological function of pRb is dependent on retention of the integrity of both of these biochemically defined domains. These data support the model that pRb is a transducer of afferent signals (via the kinase that phosphorylates it) and efferent signals (through transcription factor binding), using distinct structural elements. Preservation of both of these features is essential for the ability of pRb to induce growth inhibition and morphologic changes upon reintroduction into transfected cells.
Sphingolipids: Important Players in Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause for permanent disability in young adults. Current pathophysiological understanding has identified an autoaggressive immune reaction with infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system and local inflammatory and demyelinating reactions. The current therapy focuses on a modulation or suppression of immune functions. Sphingolipids, main components of nervous tissue, have been linked to MS already 60 years ago with the description of an unusual myelin lipid distribution in diseased patients. There is tremendous information developing on the role of different sphingolipids in MS. Antibodies against sphingomyelin, sulfatide or galacosylceramide have been detected in serum or CSF of MS patients, although up to now, this knowledge did not find its way into clinical use. Ceramide and the enzymes linked to its production have been described to play a pivotal role in oligendrocyte damage and demyelination. Nowadays, especially sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is in the focus of pathophysiological research and therapy development. A S1P analogue, FTY720, is a widely distributed therapy against relapsing-remitting MS, attenuating the emigration of activated, autoreactive lymphocytes from lymph nodes, thereby preventing new inflammatory infiltration into the central nervous system. Beside, there is more and more evidence, that especially S1P receptors on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are involved in demyelination processes and subsequent axonal degeneration, important features of chonic progressive MS disease course. Further information and research on the manifold role of sphingolipids are needed to prepare the ground for further clinical trials. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of sphingolipids in MS and describes the current therapeutical implications.
Individual Differences in Nicotine Kinetics and Metabolism in Humans (1997)

Individual differences in susceptibility to nicotine addiction, the likelihood of successful smoking cessation, and the development of adverse health effects of smoking are well recognized. The basis for these individual differences is as yet unknown. This chapter examines individual differences in the metabolism and kinetics of nicotine as a possible factor. Rare individuals appear to be deficient metabolizers of nicotine. Individual differences are described both in the pattern and rates of nicotine metabolism. Ethnic differences in cotinine metabolism have also been observed. However, the enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolism and their genetic regulation have not been fully characterized. Understanding the basis for individual differences in nicotine kinetics and metabolism, and linking these differences to pharmacodynamic studies, may provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of nicotine and possibly other drug addictions.
Research on Physical Downlink Control Channel Transmission Mode for 5G New Radio (2019)

Aiming at the control channel structure and transmission mechanism of 5G New Radio (NR), the preliminary conclusions of corresponding transmission modes and the consideration of pilot density optimization with scene and aggregation level are given through performance simulation under various scenarios. The pilot used to demodulate the control channel and the control channel adopt the same precoding, and the control channel adopt the diversity transmission mode; and then, the control channel disperses on the frequency domain resources, and the dispersion granularity changes with the different degree of aggregation, the dispersion granularity of high aggregation level is large, and the dispersion granularity of low aggregation level is small; lastly, the pilot distribution is adjusted with the change of degree of aggregation, and the dispersion granularity of low aggregation level is low. The pilot density of aggregation grade is dense, and the pilot density of high aggregation grade is sparse. This method can solve the problem that the accurate beam cannot be used for reliable data transmission when the channel information is unknown.
Genetic Variants in SGLT1, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiometabolic Risk (2018)

Functionally damaging missense variants in SGLT1 protect from diet-induced hyperglycemia in multiple populations. Reduced intestinal glucose uptake may protect from long-term cardiometabolic outcomes, providing support for therapies that target SGLT1 function to prevent and treat metabolic conditions.
Forty Years of African Demography at the ANU (2003)

The article discusses the evolution and history of the Demography Department in the Research School of Social Sciences at The Australian National University (ANU). The changes that have taken place since its inception are also highlighted.
Role of host angiotensin II type 1 receptor in tumor angiogenesis and growth (2003)

Although the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a major regulator of vascular homeostasis, the role of the RAS in tumor angiogenesis is little understood. Here we show that host angiotensin II (ATII) type 1 (AT1) receptor plays an important role in angiogenesis and growth of tumor cells engrafted in mice. Subcutaneous B16-F1 melanoma-induced angiogenesis as assessed by tissue capillary density and microangiography was prominent in WT mice but was reduced in AT1a receptor-deficient (AT1a-/-) mice. Consequently, tumor growth rate was significantly slower, and the mouse survival rate was greater, in AT1a-/- mice than in WT mice. Tumor growth was also reduced in WT mice treated with TCV-116, a selective blocker of AT1 receptor. Because the beta-galactosidase gene was inserted into the AT1a gene locus in AT1a-/- mice, the site of beta-galactosidase expression represents the AT1a receptor expression in these mutant mice. In tumor-implanted AT1a-/- mice, the major site of the beta-galactosidase expression was macrophages in tissues surrounding tumors. Moreover, the number of infiltrated macrophages was significantly lower in AT1a-/- mice than in WT mice, and double-immunofluorescence staining revealed that these macrophages expressed VEGF protein intensively. Therefore, the host ATII-AT1 receptor pathway supports tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, which results in enhanced tissue VEGF protein levels. The host ATII-AT1 receptor pathway thereby plays important roles in tumor-related angiogenesis and growth in vivo.
Application-Specific Memory Interleaving for FPGA-Based Grid Computations: A General Design Technique (2006)

Many compute-intensive applications generate single result values by accessing clusters of nearby points in grids of one, two, or more dimensions. Often, the performance of FGPA implementations of such algorithms would improve if there were concurrent, non-interfering access to all points in each cluster. When clusters contain dozens of points and access patterns are irregular, multiported memories are infeasible and vector-oriented approaches are inapplicable. Instead, the grid points can be distributed across multiple interleaved memory banks so that, when accessing any cluster, each point comes from a different memory bank. We present a general technique based on the knowledge of the application's multidimensional indexing. This technique maps access clusters into a custom-interleaved memory using the FPGA's multiple on-chip RAMs and configurable data paths. Case studies examine rectangular and non-rectangular grids of different dimensionality, including performance vs. resource tradeoffs when cluster sizes are not powers of two. We also present a prototype tool for generating interleaved memories automatically from concise, application-specific definitions.
Reorganization of auditory cortex in tinnitus (1998)

Magnetic source imaging was used to determine whether tonotopy in auditory cortex of individuals with tinnitus diverges from normative functional organization. Ten tinnitus subjects and 15 healthy controls were exposed to four sets of tones while magnetoencephalographic recordings were obtained from the two cortical hemispheres in sequence. A marked shift of the cortical representation of the tinnitus frequency into an area adjacent to the expected tonotopic location was observed. The Euclidean distance of the tinnitus frequency from the trajectory of the tonotopic map was 5.3 mm (SD = 3.1) compared with a distance of 2.5 mm (SD = 1.3) of a corresponding frequency in the healthy controls (t = 3.13, P < 0.01). In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between the subjective strength of the tinnitus and the amount of cortical reorganization (r = 0.82, P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that tinnitus is related to plastic alterations in auditory cortex. Similarities between these data and the previous demonstrations that phantom limb pain is highly correlated with cortical reorganization suggest that tinnitus may be an auditory phantom phenomenon.
Electrochemically Modulated Nitric Oxide (NO) Releasing Biomedical Devices via Copper(II)-Tri(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Mediated Reduction of Nitrite (2014)

A controllable and inexpensive electrochemical nitric oxide (NO) release system is demonstrated to improve hemocompatibility and reduce bacterial biofilm formation on biomedical devices. Nitric oxide is produced from the electrochemical reduction of nitrite using a copper(II)-tri(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Cu(II)TPMA) complex as a mediator, and the temporal profile of NO release can be modulated readily by applying different cathodic potentials. Single lumen and dual lumen silicone rubber catheters are employed as initial model biomedical devices incorporating this novel NO release approach. The modified catheters can release a steady, physiologically-relevant flux of NO for more than 7 days. Both single and dual lumen catheters with continuous NO release exhibit greatly reduced thrombus formation on their surfaces after short-term 7-h intravascular placement in rabbit veins (p < 0.02, n = 6). Three day in vitro antimicrobial experiments, in which the catheters are "turned on" for only 3 h of NO release each day, exhibit more than a 100-fold decrease in the amount of surface attached live bacteria (n = 5). These results suggest that this electrochemical NO generation system could provide a robust and highly effective new approach to improving the thromboresistance and antimicrobial properties of intravascular catheters and potentially other biomedical devices.
A Tale of Two Bases: Local-Nonlocal Regularization on Image Patches with Convolution Framelets (2016)

We propose an image representation scheme combining the local and nonlocal characterization of patches in an image. Our representation scheme can be shown to be equivalent to a tight frame constructed from convolving local bases (e.g. wavelet frames, discrete cosine transforms, etc.) with nonlocal bases (e.g. spectral basis induced by nonlinear dimension reduction on patches), and we call the resulting frame elements {\it convolution framelets}. Insight gained from analyzing the proposed representation leads to a novel interpretation of a recent high-performance patch-based image inpainting algorithm using Point Integral Method (PIM) and Low Dimension Manifold Model (LDMM) [Osher, Shi and Zhu, 2016]. In particular, we show that LDMM is a weighted $\ell_2$-regularization on the coefficients obtained by decomposing images into linear combinations of convolution framelets; based on this understanding, we extend the original LDMM to a reweighted version that yields further improved inpainting results. In addition, we establish the energy concentration property of convolution framelet coefficients for the setting where the local basis is constructed from a given nonlocal basis via a linear reconstruction framework; a generalization of this framework to unions of local embeddings can provide a natural setting for interpreting BM3D, one of the state-of-the-art image denoising algorithms.