gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating levels of IGF-1 directly regulate bone growth and density (2002)

IGF-1 is a growth-promoting polypeptide that is essential for normal growth and development. In serum, the majority of the IGFs exist in a 150-kDa complex including the IGF molecule, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and the acid labile subunit (ALS). This complex prolongs the half-life of serum IGFs and facilitates their endocrine actions. Liver IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice and ALS knockout (ALSKO) mice exhibited relatively normal growth and development, despite having 75% and 65% reductions in serum IGF-1 levels, respectively. Double gene disrupted mice were generated by crossing LID+ALSKO mice. These mice exhibited further reductions in serum IGF-1 levels and a significant reduction in linear growth. The proximal growth plates of the tibiae of LID+ALSKO mice were smaller in total height as well as in the height of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of chondrocytes. There was also a 10% decrease in bone mineral density and a greater than 35% decrease in periosteal circumference and cortical thickness in these mice. IGF-1 treatment for 4 weeks restored the total height of the proximal growth plate of the tibia. Thus, the double gene disruption LID+ALSKO mouse model demonstrates that a threshold concentration of circulating IGF-1 is necessary for normal bone growth and suggests that IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and ALS play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
Efficacy of Intra-articular Sodium Hyaluronate in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee (2004)

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is a chronic disease associated with degenerative change in the constituents of the knee joint, which is characterized by the slow degradation of cartilage, pain and increasing disability. Traditional treatments for osteoarthritis include weight loss, muscle strengthening exercise, simple analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular corticosteroids and surgery, but drug treatments have various adverse reactions. Although some assessments of sodium hyaluronate have indicated clinical improvement in the majority of cases, the therapeutic effects of an intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate on osteoarthritis of the knee is still in question. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of an intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate for osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out in 35 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an intra-articular injection of 25 mg sodium hyaluronate once a week, for 5 consecutive weeks. The final evaluation was assessed by pain at rest, pain on walking, tenderness of the joint line before the study initiation, and at the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks after the end of the injections. The level of knee pain was evaluated using a 100 mm VAS (visual analog scale). Results: The pain at rest, as assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS), showed a statistically significant (P
A Pliable Electroporation Patch (ep-Patch) for Efficient Delivery of Nucleic Acid Molecules into Animal Tissues with Irregular Surface Shapes (2015)

Delivery of nucleic acids into animal tissues by electroporation is an appealing approach for various types of gene therapy, but efficiency of existing methodsis not satisfactory. Here we present the validation of novel electroporation patch (ep-Patch) for efficient delivery of DNA and siRNA into mouse tissues. Using micromachining technology, closely spaced gold electrodes were made on the pliable parylene substrate to form a patch-like electroporation metrics. It enabled large coverage of the target tissues and close surface contact between the tissues and electrodes, thus providing a uniform electric field to deliver nucleic acids into tissues, even beneath intact skin. Using this ep-Patch for efficiently delivery of both DNA and siRNA, non-invasive electroporation of healthy mouse muscle tissue was successfully achieved. Delivery of these nucleic acids was performed to intact tumors with satisfactory results. Silencing of tumor genes using the ep-Patch was also demonstrated on mice. This pliable electroporation patch method constitutes a novel way of in vivo delivery of siRNA and DNA to certain tissues or organs to circumvent the disadvantages of existing methodologies for in vivo delivery of nucleic acid molecules.
Anonymity and security in delay tolerant networks (2007)

A delay tolerant network (DTN) is a store and forward network where end-to-end connectivity is not assumed and where opportunistic links between nodes are used to transfer data. An emerging application of DTNs are rural area DTNs, which provide Internet connectivity to rural areas in developing regions using conventional transportation mediums, like buses. Potential applications of these rural area DTNs are e-governance, telemedicine and citizen journalism. Therefore, security and privacy are critical for DTNs. Traditional cryptographic techniques based on PKI-certified public keys assume continuous network access, which makes these techniques inapplicable to DTNs. We present the first anonymous communication solution for DTNs and introduce a new anonymous authentication protocol as a part of it. Furthermore, we present a security infrastructure for DTNs to provide efficient secure communication based on identity-based cryptography. We show that our solutions have better performance than existing security infrastructures for DTNs.
Formation of Two Lamellar Phases in the Dilute Region of a Quasiternary Surfactant System (1997)

In the dilute region (between 65 and 95% solvent by weight) of the quasiternary system cetylpyridinium chloride/hexanol/1 wt % NaCl solution two distinct lamellar phases have been observed to exist. The two phases differ in several physical aspects including their inherent defect nature, turbidity, density, viscosity, and characteristic interlamellar distance. The existence of a region of coexistence between the two lamellar phases is masked by its extreme sensitivity to temperature changes, the formation of a mesoemulsion, and the often extremely long equilibration times. A neutral polymer, polyacrylamide, was added as a component of the solvent to the system and was taken up more readily by the more dilute lamellar phase.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelial Function in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review (2014)

Background. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced during the early stage of vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetic vasculopathy, and even throughout the entire progression of atherosclerosis. Methods. A literature search was performed using electronic databases (up to January 31, 2014), including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), using an established strategy. Results. Fourteen articles were selected with a total of 370 patients. Ten of the fourteen studies showed a significant improvement in the endothelial dysfunction of various cardiovascular disease groups with BH4 supplementation compared with the control groups or placebos. Three studies showed no positive outcome, and one study showed that low-dose BH4 had no effect but that high-dose BH4 did have a significantly different result. Conclusions. This review concludes that supplementation with BH4 and/or augmentation of the endogenous levels of BH4 will be a novel approach to improve the endothelial dysfunction observed in various cardiovascular diseases. BH4 might be considered to be a new therapeutic agent to prevent the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease.
Properties and prediction of flow statistics from sampled packet streams (2002)

Many routers can generate and export statistics on flows of packets that traverse them. Increasingly, high end routers form flow statistics from only a sampled packet stream in order to manage resource consumption involved.This paper addresses three questions. Firstly: what are the downstream consequences for the measurement infrastructure? Long traffic flows will be split up if the time between sampled packets exceeds the flow timeout. Using packet header traces we show that flows generated by increasingly prevalent peer-to-peer applicalions are vulnerable to this effect.Secondly: can the volume of packet-sampled flow statistics be easily determined? We develop a simple model that predicts both the export rate of flow packet-sampled flow statistics and the number of active flows. It uses unsampled flow statistics---those commonly currently collected--as its data, i.e., it does not rely on having packet header traces available.Thirdly: what properties of the original traffic stream can be inferred from the packet sampled flow statistics? We show that as well as estimating total bytes and packets, one can also infer more detail, specifically the number and average length of flows in the unsampled traffic stream, even though some flows will have no packets sampled. We believe that this information is useful, both for understanding source traffic, e.g. the dependence of flow lengths on application type, and also monitoring changes in the composition of the traffic, e.g., a flood of short flows during a DoS attack. In all cases, we evaluate our approach using packet header traces gathered in backbone and campus networks.
Relative affine structure: theory and application to 3D reconstruction from perspective views (1994)

We propose an affine framework for perspective views, captured by a single extremely simple equation based on a viewer-centered invariant we call relative affine structure. Via a number of corollaries of our main results we show that our framework unifies previous work-including Euclidean, projective and affine-in a natural and simple way. Finally, the main results were applied to a real image sequence for purpose of 3D reconstruction from 2D views.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non‐subtype‐selective opioid receptor antagonism in treatment of levodopa‐induced motor complications in Parkinson's disease (2003)

Opioid peptide transmission is enhanced in the striatum of animal models and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with levodopa-induced motor complications. Opioid receptor antagonists reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in primate models of PD; however, clinical trials to date have been inconclusive. A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design study in 14 patients with PD experiencing motor fluctuations was carried out, using the non-subtype-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Naloxone did not reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The duration of action of levodopa was increased significantly by 17.5%. Non-subtype-selective opioid receptor antagonism may prove useful in the treatment of levodopa-related wearing-off in PD but not in dyskinesia.
Fast, reliable head tracking under varying illumination (2003)

An improved technique for 3D head tracking under varying illumination conditions is proposed. The head is modeled as a texture mapped cylinder. Tracking is formulated as an image registration problem in the cylinder's texture map image. To solve the registration problem in the presence of lighting variation and head motion, the residual error of registration is modeled as a linear combination of texture warping templates and orthogonal illumination templates. Fast and stable on-line tracking is then achieved via regularized weighted least squares minimization of the registration error. The regularization term tends to limit potential ambiguities that arise in the warping and illumination templates. Tracking does not require a precise initial of the model; the system is initialized automatically using a simple 2D face detector. The only assumption is that the target is facing the camera in the first frame of the sequence. Experiments in tracking are reported.
Chromosome-breakage genomic instability and chromothripsis in breast cancer (2014)

Our results provide a new insight into the genomic complexity of breast cancer. Genomic instability dependent on chromosomal breakage events is not stochastic, targeting some chromosomes clearly more than others. We report a much higher percentage of chromothripsis than described previously in other cancers and this suggests that massive genomic rearrangements occurring in a single catastrophic event may shape many breast cancer genomes.
Development of parallel mechanism with six degrees of freedom for ankle rehabilitation (2016)

With the aging population problem getting more and more aggravated, the number of hemiplegia patients increases rapidly, which results in the increasing requirement of rehabilitation training for regaining the body movement function. Taking advantages of rehabilitation robots makes the rehabilitation training more scientific and efficient compared to traditional rehabilitation measures such as manual training. By now, many types of rehabilitation robots have been proposed by researchers. However, from the view of the physiological structure, many of them can't well fit the motion characteristics. Ankle plays an important role in standing, walking and so on. As the motion of these robots is different from the motion characteristics of ankles, it would make an undesired influence on the training effect. Rehabilitation robots have many structures, and they are mainly serial mechanism and parallel mechanism. However, serial mechanism is inconvenient to package. In this paper, a new type of parallel mechanism with six degrees of freedom is proposed. The basic principle structure of the ankle rehabilitation robot in this paper would be done according to the medical requirement and engineering requirement. After determine the programmer of the mechanism, the degrees of freedom of the mechanism would be calculated by the screw theory, and the Solid works software would be used to simulate and analyze the movement of the mechanism so that the torque and power calculation of key positions of the mechanism would be done with the simulation data. At last, the specific design of the mechanism would be finished with the obtained feasible basic principle structure. The function of different components would be introduced and this paper would check the key components to ensure the reliability of the mechanism.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ADULT HUMAN PROSTATIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS IMMORTALIZED BY POLYBRENE-INDUCED DNA TRANSFECTION WITH A PLASMID CONTAINING AN ORIGIN-DEFECTIVE SV40-GENOME (1994)

Normal adult human prostatic epithelial cells were infected with an adenovirus 12-SV40 virus or transfected by polybrene-induced gene transfer with a plasmid (pRSV-T) containing the SV40 early region genes or with a plasmid (pRNS-1) containing an origin-defective SV40 genome and a plasmid carrying the neomycin resistance gene. Colonies of morphologically altered cells were isolated, cultured in a serum-free medium and characterized. These cells had extended lifespan in culture compared to normal adult human prostatic epithelial cells. Both Ad12-SV40-infected and pRSV-T-transfected cultures eventually underwent senescence. pRNS-1-transfected cells (pRNS-1-1), however, have now been grown for more than 50 passages. These cells contain the SV40 genome, express SV40 T-antigen, and are not tumorigenic in nude mice. They express cytokeratins 5 and 8, like the parent cells, and are pseudodiploid. Analysis of growth regulatory processes revealed that the growth of pRNS-1-1 cells was stimulated similarly to that of normal prostatic epithelial cells by epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and pituitary extract. The response of pRNS-1 cells to a growth-inhibitory factor, retinoic acid, was also similar to that of normal cells. However, pRNS-1-1 cells were less responsive than normal cells to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta, and had lost altogether the ability of normal cells to be inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3. Therefore transformation appeared to alter growth-inhibitory but not growth - stimulatory mechanisms. These cells should be useful in elucidating the multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis of the prostate.
Insight into petrophysical properties of deformed sandstone reservoirs (2013)

We use samples from undeformed and deformed sandstones (single deformation band, deformation band cluster, slip-surface cataclasite, and fault core slip zone) to characterize their petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure). Relationships between permeability and porosity are described by power-law regressions where the power-law exponent (D) decreases with the increasing degree of deformation (strain) experienced by the sample from host rock (D, ∼9) to fault core (D, ∼5). The approaches introduced in this work will allow geologists to use permeability and/or porosity measurements to estimate the capillary pressures and sealing capacity of different fault-related rocks without requiring direct laboratory measurements of capillary pressure. Results show that fault core slip zones have the highest theoretical sealing capacity (>140-m [459-ft] oil column in extreme cases), although our calculations suggest that deformation bands can locally act as efficiently as fault core slip zones in sealing nonwetting fluids (in this study, oil and CO2). Higher interfacial tension between brine and CO2 (because of the sensitivity of CO2 to temperature and pressure) results in higher capillary pressure and sealing capacity in a brine and CO2 system than a brine and oil system for the same samples.
Biostimulant activity of two protein hydrolyzates in the growth and nitrogen metabolism of maize seedlings (2009)

Abstract Two protein hydrolyzate–based fertilizers (PHFs), one from alfalfa (AH) and one from meat flour (MFH), were studied chemically and biologically. AH and MFH revealed a different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid composition. The biostimulant activity was investigated using two specific and sensitive bioassays of auxins and gibberellins. Extracts of AH and MFH elicited a gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like one. To improve our understanding of the biostimulant activity, AH and MFH were supplied to maize plants and their effect on growth and nitrate metabolism was studied. Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture. Besides, the treatments increased nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, suggesting a positive role of the two hydrolyzates in the induction of nitrate conversion into organic nitrogen. Moreover, treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves. The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia. The high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoforms indicate a stimulatory effect of the two PHFs on the assimilation of nitrate. In addition, a role of amino acids and small peptides of the two PHFs is suggested in the regulation of the hormone‐like activity and nitrogen pathway.
Continuous Class-E Power Amplifier Modes (2012)

In this brief, a continuum of novel closed-form solutions is derived for class-E power amplifiers (PAs). It is analytically proven that the class-E zero voltage/zero voltage derivative switching conditions can be satisfied for an arbitrarily selected reactive second harmonic switch impedance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sup> ). The higher order harmonic currents are terminated capacitively. The conventional class-E, class- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and class- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EF</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> modes are thus subsets of the continuum. The arbitrary selection of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sup> enables robust waveform engineering for performance optimization in specific applications. Furthermore, the theoretical derivation provides important possibilities for wideband class-E PA synthesis.
Twin-photon techniques for photo-detector calibration (2005)

The aim of this review paper is to enlighten some recent progresses in quantum optical metrology in the part of quantum efficiency measurements of photo-detectors performed with bi-photon states. The intrinsic correlated nature of entangled photons from Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion phenomenon has opened wide horizons to a new approach for the absolute measurement of photo-detector quantum efficiency, outgoing the requirement for conventional standards of optical radiation; in particular the simultaneous feature of the creation of conjugated photons led to a well known technique of coincidence measurement, deeply understood and implemented for standard uses. On the other hand, based on manipulation of entanglement developed for Quantum Information protocols implementations, a new method has been proposed for quantum efficiency measurement, exploiting polarisation entanglement in addition to energy-momentum and time ones, that is based on conditioned polarisation state manipulation. In this review, after a general discussion on absolute photo-detector calibration, we compare these different methods, in order to give an accurate operational sketch of the absolute quantum efficiency measurement state of the art.
Grain Size Control of Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals Using the Space Charge Concept (1990)

Grain growth kinetics and grain‐boundary segregation of 12Ce‐TZP and 2Y‐TZP, containing divalent to pentavalent cationic dopants, were studied. In all cases, normal grain growth follwing the parabolic growth relation was observed at higher temperatures. The mobility of grain boundaries was suppressed by the addition of divalent and trivalent cations, unchanged or enhanced by the addition of tetravalent and pentavalent cations. Larger cations have a stronger effect in suppressing grain growth. From ESCA, AES, and STEM analysis of the near grain‐boundary regions, it is further concluded that only divalent and trivalent cations segregate. These observations can be satisfactorily rationalized using the space charge concept and the model of impurity drag.
Endogenous Sex Hormones and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Elderly Men (2004)

Low free testosterone levels were related to IMT of the common carotid artery in elderly men independently of cardiovascular risk factors.