gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage stability of modified binders using the newly developed LAST procedure (2000)

ABSTRACT The Laboratory Asphalt Stability Test (LAST) was introduced as part of the NCHRP 9–10 project to evaluate storage stability of asphalt binders. The unique design allows varying the temperature, time of storage, and level of agitation during storage and allows sampling of the material continuously throughout the test. The test design is based on scaling down one of the commonly used storage tanks used for modified asphalts in the field. The test results can be used to guide the production of the modified binders and determine the performance of these binders during the construction process. This paper discusses the design and introduces the details of the testing protocol proposed to evaluate thermal stability of binders. The protocol follows a systematic procedure for detailed evaluation of effects of phase separation and possible degradation during storage. A set of parameters is proposed for use as indices to reflect the potential of binders for phase separation and/or thermal degradation. A large number of binders have been tested with the LAST and the results are summarized and discussed in this paper. The results indicate that binders can vary significantly in their thermal stability characteristics and thus their stability characteristics need to be measured and considered in selection of binders for different applications. The LAST results indicate that some binders are very stable for extended times, others can be kept homogeneous only with minor agitation while others require more rigorous agitation. Time for separation is an important factor that should be considered. The results also indicate that agitation can result in degradation of modifier and/or significant additive hardening. The rheological measurements conducted indicate that phase separation and/or degradation appear to have influences on rheological type of binders, such that frequency dependency of temperature dependency changes with storage.
TITANIA SILICATE / FUSED QUARTZ GLASSBLOWING FOR 3-D FABRICATION OF LOW INTERNAL LOSS WINEGLASS MICRO-STRUCTURES (2012)

We report, for the first time, a fabrication process for building highly smooth, symmetric 3-D dynamic wineglass structures using low internal loss materials, namely fused quartz and ultra low expansion titania silicate glass (ULE TSG). The approach consists of a high temperature (at 1650 C) micro-glassblowing process and a novel inverted-wineglass architecture that provides self-aligned stem structures. An in-house process capability of 1800 C glassblowing with a rapid cooling rate of 500 C/min was developed. Feasibility of the process has been demonstrated by fabrication of TSG wineglass micro-structures. The method may enable new classes of TSG and fused quartz MEMS devices with extremely low surface roughness, 0.23 nm surface average (Sa), intrinsically low internal losses (Q TED > 5E+10) and dynamically balanced structures.
Protein‐Functionalized Indium‐Tin Oxide Nanoantenna Arrays for Selective Infrared Biosensing (2017)

Plasmonic nanoantennas afford significantly enhanced near‐fields that can be exploited for ultrasensitive molecular sensing in plasmon‐enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. While elemental gold is usually used in plasmonic biosensing due to its stability and well‐established surface functionalization, compound plasmonic materials with versatile surface functionalization, low‐cost, and lower optical loss especially in the infrared range are receiving considerable attention. This study demonstrates the application of protein‐functionalized single‐crystalline indium‐tin oxide (ITO) nanorod arrays for biosensing in infrared spectroscopy. The ITO nanorod arrays show angle‐dependent plasmon resonances in the mid‐infrared range, whose position and intensity can be readily tuned by varying the incident angle, thereby providing an easy means for selective enhancement of targeted molecular vibrations. The use of phosphonic‐acid‐derived biotin molecules is examined to chemically functionalize the antennas, and the specific adsorption of streptavidin onto them is subsequently demonstrated. The successful surface functionalization of the ITO nanorods demonstrated here facilitates the detection of functional biomolecules and proteins with high specificity.
Elimination of Mode Hopping and Frequency Hysteresis in Diode Laser Raman Spectroscopy: The Advantages of a Distributed Bragg Reflector Diode Laser for Raman Excitation (1995)

A comparison is made between an index-guided (Fabry-Perot type) diode laser and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) diode laser as excitation sources for fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy utilizing charge-coupled device (CCD) detection and an image-corrected spectrograph. The DBR diode laser was superior to the index-guided diode laser for elimination of mode hopping, elimination of frequency hysteresis as a function of both temperature and current changes, and reduction in laser broadband emission. These advantages may allow the DBR laser to be used in industrial process control applications which are too demanding for index-guided diode lasers.
Optimizing the energy resolution of planar retarding potential analyzers (1992)

The energy resolution of a planar retarding potential analyzer can be optimized by using multiple retarding grids and varying the potential applied to the outermost grids. When properly biased, such an analyzer configuration can closely approach the energy resolution of an ideal device. As an added benefit, such an analyzer can be made highly transparent without sacrificing energy resolution. Experimental results verify the solutions of particle-tracking codes for multiple-grid configurations.
Identification of Novel Indanylsulfonamide Guanylhydrazones as Potent 5-HT<sub>6</sub>Serotonin Receptor Antagonists (2009)

Changing the N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl side chain in the N-[3-(aminoethyl)inden-5-yl]sulfonamide 5-HT(6) serotonin receptor agonists 1 by a conformationally rigid guanylhydrazone moiety at the indene 3-position led to the identification of the title indanylguanylhydrazones 6, which exhibited excellent binding affinities and an antagonistic response at the 5-HT(6) receptor, with K(i) and IC(50) values in the nanomolar range (K(i) >or= 1.2 nM, IC(50) >or= 47 nM, and I(max) <or= 173%).
Discovery of the first selective M <sub>4</sub> muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists with <i>in vivo</i> anti-parkinsonian and anti-dystonic efficacy (2020)

Abstract Non-selective antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that broadly inhibit all five mAChR subtypes provide an efficacious treatment for some movement disorders, including Parkinson disease and dystonia. Despite their efficacy in these and other central nervous system disorders, anti-muscarinic therapy has limited utility due to severe adverse effects that often limit their tolerability by patients. Recent advances in understanding the roles that each mAChR subtype plays in disease pathology suggest that highly selective ligands for individual subtypes may underlie the anti-parkinsonian and anti-dystonic efficacy observed with the use of non-selective anti-muscarinic therapeutics. Our recent work has indicated that the M 4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor has several important roles in opposing aberrant neurotransmitter release, intracellular signaling pathways, and brain circuits associated with movement disorders. This raises the possibility that selective antagonists of M 4 may recapitulate the efficacy of non-selective anti-muscarinic therapeutics and may decrease or eliminate the adverse effects associated with these drugs. However, this has not been directly tested due to lack of selective antagonists of M 4 . Here we utilize genetic mAChR knockout animals in combination with non-selective mAChR antagonists to confirm that the M 4 receptor underlies the locomotor-stimulating and anti-parkinsonian efficacy in rodent models. We also report the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of the first-in-class selective M 4 antagonists VU6013720, VU6021302, and VU6021625 and confirm that these optimized compounds have anti-parkinsonian and anti-dystonic efficacy in pharmacological and genetic models of movement disorders.
A High-Efficiency 100-W GaN Three-Way Doherty Amplifier for Base-Station Applications (2008)

A three-way Doherty 100-W GaN base-station power amplifier at 2.14 GHz is presented. Simple, but accurate design equations for the output power combiner of the amplifier are introduced. Mixed-signal techniques are utilized for uncompromised control of the amplifier stages to optimize efficiency, as well as linearity. The combination of the above techniques resulted in an unprecedented high efficiency over a 12-dB power backoff range, facilitating a record high power-added efficiency for a wideband code division multiple access test signal with high crest factor, while meeting all the spectral requirements for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System base stations.
Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2008)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 20–30% of exposed individuals. Clinical studies of PTSD generally employ stringent criteria for inclusion in study populations, and yet in animal studies the data collection and analysis are generally expressed as a function of “xposed” versus “nonexposed” populations, regardless of individual variation in response. There is a need for a better parallel between the approach to understanding animal behavioral models and the contemporary understanding of the clinical conditions. We conceived an approach to understanding the consequences of stress exposure in a manner that would enable us to segregate the study animals into groups according to the degree of their response to a Stressor, i.e., the degree to which their behavior is altered or disrupted. The idea was to set apart the most clearly affected, i.e., “extreme behavioral response” group from the “minimal behavioral response” at the extremes, and to establish a middle group of partial responders, groups that better reflect behavioral criteria akin to clinical symptoms already defined. This chapter presents an overview of a series of studies, examining the contribution, validity, and practicality of this animal model.
High-Speed All-Optical Neural Interfaces with 3D Temporally Focused Holography (2023)

Abstract Understanding brain function requires technologies that can monitor and manipulate neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions across large volumes. These technologies are best designed using interdisciplinary approaches combining optical techniques with reporters and modulators of neural activity. While advances can be made by separately improving optical resolution or opsin effectiveness, optimizing both systems together matches the strengths and constraints of different approaches to create a solution optimized for the needs of neuroscientists. To achieve this goal, we first developed a new multiphoton photoexcitation method, termed 3D-Scanless Holographic Optogenetics with Temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), that enables simultaneous photoactivation of arbitrary sets of neurons in 3D. Our technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc, matched to the dimensions of a neuron’s cell body, anywhere within the operating volume of the microscope. However, since improved placement of light, on its own, is not sufficient to allow precise control of neural firing patterns, we also developed and tested optogenetic actuators ST-ChroME and ST-eGtACR1 that fully leverage the new experimental capabilities of 3D-SHOT. The synergy of fast opsins matched with our technology allows reliable, precisely timed control of evoked action potentials and enables on-demand read-write operations with unprecedented precision. In this chapter, we review the steps necessary to implement 3D-SHOT and provide a guide to selecting ideal opsins that will work with it. Such collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches will be essential to develop the experimental capabilities needed to gain causal insight into the fundamental principles of the neural code underlying perception and behavior.
Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with Synthesized Frequency Sweeping Technique (2016)

We develop a synthesized frequency sweeping technique to realize high spatial resolution using multiple small range sweeps for OFDR system. The principle of synthesized frequency sweeping is explained in theory and demonstrated by experiment.
Super-stretchable Graphene Oxide Macroscopic Fibers with Outstanding Knotability Fabricated by Dry Film Scrolling (2014)

Graphene oxide (GO) has recently become an attractive building block for fabricating graphene-based functional materials. GO films and fibers have been prepared mainly by vacuum filtration and wet spinning. These materials exhibit relatively high Young's moduli but low toughness and a high tendency to tear or break. Here, we report an alternative method, using bar coating and drying of water/GO dispersions, for preparing large-area GO thin films (e.g., 800-1200 cm(2) or larger) with an outstanding mechanical behavior and excellent tear resistance. These dried films were subsequently scrolled to prepare GO fibers with extremely large elongation to fracture (up to 76%), high toughness (up to 17 J/m(3)), and attractive macroscopic properties, such as uniform circular cross section, smooth surface, and great knotability. This method is simple, and after thermal reduction of the GO material, it can render highly electrically conducting graphene-based fibers with values up to 416 S/cm at room temperature. In this context, GO fibers annealed at 2000 °C were also successfully used as electron field emitters operating at low turn on voltages of ca. 0.48 V/μm and high current densities (5.3 A/cm(2)). Robust GO fibers and large-area films with fascinating architectures and outstanding mechanical and electrical properties were prepared with bar coating followed by dry film scrolling.
A fully automated large-scale addressable test chip design with high reliability (2011)

During the development of modern semiconductor processes, which has increasing complexity and an extremely high number of degrees of freedom, a large number of distinct test structures are required to test and ensure the yield and manufacturability. To increase the utilization of chip area, addressable methodology of test chip is developed. In this paper, we present a novel large-scale addressable test chip development procedure. Based on components for automation, this procedure is fully integrated and able to reduce layout time to 10% and eliminate much of the potential for human error. A 32×32 array on a 45nm technology has been designed and manufactured with this procedure; the silicon test data further prove the reliability and effectiveness of this procedure.
Photoluminescence characterization of excitonic centers in ZnO epitaxial films (2005)

Photoluminescence properties of nominally undoped ZnO thin films grown by radical-source molecular-beam epitaxy have been investigated as a function of (i) sample growth conditions, (ii) excitation laser power density, and (iii) measurement temperatures. Altogether four excitonic emission peaks were observed at photon energy of 3.3646, 3.3606, 3.3572, and 3.3331 eV, which are tentatively denoted as emission peaks A, D, F, and G, respectively. We have classified the defect types responsible for the emission peaks into the following two groups; (i) D and F, whose responsible defect types are suggested to be residual impurities such as aluminum and indium, respectively, and (ii) A and G, whose responsible defect types are suggested to be intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial zinc, and extended structural defects particularly for G.
<title>Model of a thin-film optical fiber fluorosensor</title> (1991)

The efficiency of core-light injection from sources in the cladding of an optical fiber is modeled analytically by means of the exact field solution of a step-profile fiber. The analysis is based on the techniques by Marcuse (1988) in which the sources are treated as infinitesimal electric currents with random phase and orientation that excite radiation fields and bound modes. Expressions are developed based on an infinite cladding approximation which yield the power efficiency for a fiber coated with fluorescent sources in the core/cladding interface. Marcuse''s results are confirmed for the case of a weakly guiding cylindrical fiber with fluorescent sources uniformly distributed in the cladding, and the power efficiency is shown to be practically constant for variable wavelengths and core radii. The most efficient fibers have the thin film located at the core/cladding boundary, and fibers with larger differences in the indices of refraction are shown to be the most efficient.
Lightning-Related ELF Transients as a Potential Source of Rapid State of Polarization Changes in Shielded OPGW (2022)

This paper demonstrates that typical lightning currents cannot produce observed rapid state of polarization changes in shielded optical ground wires. Lightning flashes associated with large extremely-low-frequency components, however, are capable of doing so.
Pharmacodynamic effects of cotinine in abstinent cigarette smokers (1994)

The nicotine metabolite cotinine was administered to abstinent cigarette smokers to determine whether it has pharmacologic activity as assessed by various physiologic and subjective measurements. By means of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled counterbalanced-order design, subjects received cotinine base (30 mg) intravenously after 48 hours of abstinence from cigarette smoking. Serum cotinine concentrations increased to levels commonly achieved during daily cigarette smoking, whereas no change in serum nicotine concentration was observed. Cotinine compared with placebo produced subjective differences in self-reported ratings of restlessness, anxiety and tension, insomnia, sedation, and pleasantness. Cotinine had minimal effects on cardiovascular measurements. These findings indicate that cotinine is behaviorally active in the setting of cigarette abstinence at blood concentrations similar to those commonly achieved through daily cigarette smoking.
Integrated catheter for intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (2010)

The vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques that are formed in the arterial walls due to atherosclerosis depends on both their distribution and composition. The distribution of the plaques can be imaged using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging which is a clinically approved minimally-invasive method. The recently introduced intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging may be used to obtain the necessary information about the composition of the plaques. Previous studies using excised rabbit arteries have demonstrated that the combined IVUS/IVPA imaging may simultaneously provide the morphology and functional information of plaques. However, for in-vivo IVUS/IVPA imaging, an integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter capable both of delivering light into a vessel lumen with consequent detection of photoacoustic transients and of probing the arterial walls in pulse-echo mode is required. In the current study, an advanced prototype of the integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter based on a 40-MHz single-element ultrasound transducer and a 600-μm-core single optical fiber is introduced. Unlike previously reported prototypes, the current integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter is capable of cross-sectional imaging of vessel walls via mechanical rotation of the catheter. The performance of the integrated IVUS/IVPA catheter was evaluated in tissue-mimicking phantoms with and without the presence of blood in a lumen. The results of our study suggest that the approach used to develop integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter can be successfully translated to the clinical environment for in-vivo combined IVUS/IVPA imaging.
Linear charge-coupled device signal-processing techniques (1976)

New methods for linear launching, weighting, and nondestructive charge sensing in charge-coupled devices (CCD's) are described. These methods employ electronic circuitry at the input and output nodes of the CCD, which linearize the signals, eliminate the nonlinear effect of depletion region capacitance and are also independent of device parameter variations such as electrode area, and absolute values of threshold voltage and oxide thickness. Results indicate a maximum nonlinear distortion of 2.4 percent which is equivalent to a second harmonic distortion level of-38 dB if all distortion present is assumed to be due to second harmonic distortion. Significantly better results are believed possible with circuit optimization. These methods are directly applicable to many CCD signal processing systems and are particularly aimed at CCD transversal filters.
A Hamiltonian Surface-Shaping Approach for Control System Analysis and the Design of Nonlinear Wave Energy Converters (2019)

The dynamic model of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) may have nonlinearities due to several reasons such as a nonuniform buoy shape and/or nonlinear power takeoff units. This paper presents the Hamiltonian Surface-Shaping (HSS) approach as a tool for the analysis and design of nonlinear control of WECs. The Hamiltonian represents the stored energy in the system and can be constructed as a function of the WEC’s system states, its position, and velocity. The Hamiltonian surface is defined by the energy storage, while the system trajectories are constrained to this surface and determined by the power flows of the applied non-conservative forces. The HSS approach presented in this paper can be used as a tool for the design of nonlinear control systems that are guaranteed to be stable. The optimality of the obtained solutions is not addressed in this paper. The case studies presented here cover regular and irregular waves and demonstrate that a nonlinear control system can result in a multiple fold increase in the harvested energy.
A Parallel, Four Degree-of-Freedom Robotic Wrist (1995)

Abstract Kinematic considerations are presented for a parallel, four degree-of-freedom robot wrist resembling the Clemens coupling, a constant-velocity joint first described in his 1872 patent. In its new form as a wrist, this device provides general orientational mobility as well as axial displacement through a plunge motion. A possibly more important hybrid of this wrist is identified as an artificially constrained, spherical, three degree-of-freedom pitchyaw-roll wrist that can easily be derived from this new concept. Because of its parallel architecture, the new wrist design displays favorable attributes including high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, a large workspace, and an open center construction. Closed-form forward and inverse kinematics of the wrist are derived for both the three and four degree-of-freedom configurations, thereby making it a likely candidate for real-time control. Workspace plots are also presented that demonstrate the dexterity of the proposed wrist.
High-speed CMOS ring oscillators with low supply sensitivity (2010)

A novel circuit topology for CMOS CML ring oscillators that reduces the supply sensitivity is presented. It is shown that this technique causes only a slight reduction in the maximum frequency of the oscillator and maintains the same random jitter generation while greatly reducing the sinusoidal jitter caused by power supply variation. Measurement results from a prototype chip fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS process verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.