gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, Computational Prediction, and Biological Evaluation of Ester Soft Drugs as Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase from<i>Pneumocystis c</i><i>arinii</i> (2001)

A series of lipophilic soft drugs structurally related to the nonclassical dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors trimetrexate and piritrexim have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in DHFR assays, with special emphasis on the inhibition of P. carinii DHFR. The best inhibitors, encompassing an ester bond in the bridge connecting the two aromatic systems, were approximately 10 times less potent than trimetrexate and piritrexim. The metabolites were designed to be poor inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of three ligands in complex with DHFR from Pneumocystis carinii and from the human enzyme were conducted in order to better understand the factors determining the selectivity. A correct ranking of the relative inhibition of DHFR was achieved utilizing the linear interaction energy method. The soft drugs are intended for local administration. One representative ester was selected for a pharmacokinetic study in rats where it was found to undergo fast metabolic degradation to the predicted inactive metabolites.
White light emission of an Eu(iii)-doped Gd(iii) complex with 3-sulfobenzoate and 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline (2013)

The complexes [Ln(3-SBA)(IP)OH(H2O)]·H2O (Ln = Gd 1 and Eu 2, 3-SBA = 3-sulfobenzoate, and IP = 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline) feature 1D chain structure. White-light emission was realized based on the doping concentration of the Eu(III) ion in the Gd(III) complex for the first time. This result opens up a new synthetic strategy for white light emitting materials through two component lanthanide-organic complexes.
Polyelectrolytic Behavior of Ionic Polysaccharides (1981)

An important aim of physico-chemical studies on natural and synthetic ionic-polysaccharides is to help elucidate the correlations between chemical structure-conformational characteristics of such polymers and their equilibrium properties in solution. In this context, attention is being given in our laboratory to the thermodynamics of macroion-counterion interactions and of polyion-polyion interactions, including [soluble] complex formation between polysaccharide macroions and different polyampholites (e.g. proteins) in dilute aqueous solution. Our experimental approach is mainly based on the use of micro calorimetric, potentiometric, and chirooptical techniques. Polymers considered include: 1) sulfated polysaccharides (i-carrageenan, dextran sulfate); 2) glycosaminoglycans (heparins); 3) microbial polysaccharides (Xanthan, PS-10). Species listed above (sodium salts) have been characterized in water and/or aqueous NaCl solution in terms of Na+ counterion activity coefficient, heat of dilution, and heat of Cu2+ ions binding. These experiments are part of a systematic investigation on the relationship between "charge-density" along polyelectrolyte chains and (metal) ion-binding, comparing experimental
Development of Renal-targeted Vectors Through Combined In Vivo Phage Display and Capsid Engineering of Adenoviral Fibers From Serotype 19p (2007)

The potential efficacy of gene delivery is dictated by the infectivity profile of existing vectors, which is often restrictive. In order to target cells and organs for which no efficient vector is currently available, a promising approach would be to engineer vectors with novel transduction profiles. Applications that involve injecting adenovirus (Ad) vectors into the bloodstream require that native tropism for the liver be removed, and that targeting moieties be engineered into the capsid. We previously reported that pseudotyping the Ad serotype 5 fiber for that of Ad19p results in reduced hepatic transduction. In this study we show that this may be caused, at least in part, by a reduction in the capacity of the Ad19p-based virus to bind blood coagulation factors. It is therefore a potential candidate for vector retargeting, focusing on the kidney as a therapeutic target. We used in vivo phage display in rats, and identified peptides HTTHREP and HITSLLS that homed to the kidneys following intravenous injection. We engineered the HI loop of Ad19p to accommodate peptide insertions and clones. Intravenous delivery of each peptide-modified virus resulted in selective renal targeting, with HTTHREP and HITSLLS-targeted viruses selectively transducing tubular epithelium and glomeruli, respectively. Our study has important implications for the use of genetic engineering of Ad fibers to produce targeted gene delivery vectors.
An efficient color compensation scheme for skin color segmentation (2003)

Skin color is a useful means for human face detection. In this paper, we propose an efficient color compensation method for skin color segmentation under varying lighting conditions. One of the major problems of using skin color is that a face region may not be detected under poor or uneven lighting conditions. Our approach considers the distribution of the color components of skin pixels and the color response of capturing machines under different illuminations. Experimental results show that this algorithm can improve the performance of face segmentation under poor or strong lighting conditions.
Herbs for the Treatment of Insomnia (2011)

Pharmacological approaches have been included in conventional medical treatment for insomnia or sleep disorders. However, long-term use of frequently prescribed medications can often lead to habituation, critical withdrawal symptoms and/or side effects. Some individuals with insomnia or trouble sleeping have used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to treat their conditions. Recently, CAMs or herbs have been attractive alternative medications to many patients with sleep disorders who may be averse to using conventional drugs. We reviewed the most widely available sleep-promoting herbs commonly used in the western and oriental countries.
Temperature dependence of ssrA-tag mediated protein degradation (2012)

: Building synthetic gene networks with highly transient dynamics requires rapid protein degradation. We show that the degradation conferred by two commonly used ssrA tags is highly temperature dependent. Synthetic gene networks are being used increasingly in real-world applications where they may be subjected to variable conditions, and be required to display precise, quantitative dynamics, which will be more susceptible to environmental changes than the general qualitative dynamics focussed on so far.
A Novel Method to Label Preformed Liposomes with <sup>64</sup>Cu for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging (2008)

Radiolabeling of liposomes with 64Cu (t(1/2)=12.7 h) is attractive for molecular imaging and monitoring drug delivery. A simple chelation procedure, performed at a low temperature and under mild conditions, is required to radiolabel preloaded liposomes without lipid hydrolysis or the release of the encapsulated contents. Here, we report a 64Cu postlabeling method for liposomes. A 64Cu-specific chelator, 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (BAT), was conjugated with an artificial lipid to form a BAT-PEG-lipid. After incorporation of 0.5% (mol/mol) BAT-PEG-lipid during liposome formulation, liposomes were successfully labeled with 64Cu in 0.1 M NH4OAc pH 5 buffer at 35 degrees C for 30-40 min with an incorporation yield as high as 95%. After 48 h of incubation of 64Cu-liposomes in 50/50 serum/PBS solution, more than 88% of the 64Cu label was still associated with liposomes. After injection of liposomal 64Cu in a mouse model, 44+/-6.9, 21+/-2.7, 15+/-2.5, and 7.4+/-1.1 (n=4) % of the injected dose per cubic centimeter remained within the blood pool at 30 min, 18, 28, and 48 h, respectively. The biodistribution at 48 h after injection verified that 7.0+/-0.47 (n=4) and 1.4+/-0.58 (n=3) % of the injected dose per gram of liposomal 64Cu and free 64Cu remained in the blood pool, respectively. Our results suggest that this fast and easy 64Cu labeling of liposomes could be exploited in tracking liposomes in vivo for medical imaging and targeted delivery.
Seed Proteomics (2013)

Rather than providing a single specific protocol, the inclusive area of seed proteomics is reviewed; methods are described and compared and primary literature citations are provided. The limitations and challenges of proteomics as an approach to study seed biology are emphasized. The proteomic analysis of seeds encounters some specific problems that do not impinge on analyses of other plant cells, tissues, or organs. There are anatomic considerations. Seeds comprise the seed coat, the storage organ(s), and the embryonic axis. Are these to be studied individually or as a composite? The physiological status of the seeds must be considered; developing, mature, or germinating? If mature, are they quiescent or dormant? If mature and quiescent, then orthodox or recalcitrant? The genetic uniformity of the population of seeds being compared must be considered. Finally, seeds are protein-rich and the extreme abundance of the storage proteins results in a study-subject with a dynamic range that spans several orders of magnitude. This represents a problem that must be dealt with if the study involves analysis of proteins that are of "normal" to low abundance. Several different methods of prefractionation are described and the results compared.
Visible Light-Induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Macromolecular Syntheses (2015)

Visible light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of vinyl monomers are examined by using various photocatalysts systems including Type I and Type II photoinitiators, dyes, dimanganese decacarbonyl and semiconducting photocatalysts. The influence of various experimental parameters on the polymerization such as type of light sources and photocatalyts, and concentration of metal catalysts are also investigated. Although there currently exist only a few examples, the visible light initiation can be applied to the ATRP process providing a mild and efficient method for the in situ generation of Cu(I) activator.
Pulmonary embolism: segmental appearance of perfusion lung scan defects correlates with successful response to thrombolytic therapy. (1990)

Lung scan data from a series of 45 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy were reviewed to determine if any pattern on the pretherapy perfusion lung scans could be identified that predicted response to therapy. A segmental appearance on the pretherapy scans (complete or nearly complete absence of perfusion in a whole segment or a very large subsegment) was correlated with the amount of improvement in perfusion on lung scans obtained 24 hours after the start of thrombolytic therapy. As a group, patients with a segmental appearance on the pretherapy lung scans had more improvement in the perfusion reduction score than patients with a nonsegmental appearance (P less than .005). However, the correlation between segmental appearance and a favorable response to thrombolytic therapy was not strong enough to allow use of this appearance in the selection of patients for therapy.
In vitro initiation and early maturation of embryogenic tissue of Quillaja saponaria. (2005)

Quillay ( Quillaja saponaria ) is an endemic tree that grows between IV and IX Region of Chile. The factors that affect the generation of somatic embryos were determined with the objective to study their clonal propagation. Hypocotyls of seeds and apexes of selected adult trees were used for the in vitro culture. The embryogenic induction was performed in 0.5xMS medium supplemented with 13.5 µM 2,4-D and 4.4 µM BAP, during 8 weeks. Later, the embryogenic masses accumulated reserves in medium with 15 mg·L -1 of ABA during 4 weeks. The addition of 4.4 µM BAP to the medium promoted the maturation of pro-embryos to embryos in globular state (Phase Maturation I). In addition, we determined that supplements of casein hidrolysate, magnesium sulphate and glutamine favored the development of the somatic embryos. However, the decrease in the concentration in the gelling agent and the variation in the concentration of oxidized and reduced sources of nitrogen did not significantly affect the maturation. These effects allow developing somatic embryos until globular state, from young and adult tissue of Q. saponaria. El quillay es un arbol endemico chileno que crece entre las regiones IV y IX. Con el objetivo de mejorar su propagacion clonal se determinaron los factores que afectan la generacion de embriones somaticos. Para el cultivo in vitro se utilizaron hipocotilos de semillas y apices de arboles adultos seleccionados de tres genotipos. La induccion embriogenica de los explantes se realizo en medio 0,5 x MS complementado con 13,5 µM de 2,4-D y 4,4 µM de BAP, durante 8 semanas. Posteriormente, los callos embriogenicos acumularon reservas al adicionar al medio 15 mg·L -1 de ABA durante 4 semanas. La remocion del 2,4-D y la mantencion de la concentracion de 4,4 µM de BAP en el medio de cultivo promovio la maduracion de pro-embriones a embriones en estado globular (Fase de Maduracion I). Ademas, se determino que los suplementos de hidrolizado de caseina, sulfato de magnesio y glutamina beneficiaron el desarrollo de los embriones somaticos. En cambio, la disminucion en la concentracion en el gelificante y la variacion en la concentracion de fuentes oxidadas y reducidas de nitrogeno no afectaron significativamente la maduracion. Los efectos estudiados permiten desarrollar embriones somaticos hasta estado globular tanto de tejido juvenil como de tejido adulto de Quillaja saponaria de tres genotipos.
Neurologic fragments. II. Remarks on anosognosia, confabulation, memory, and other topics; and an appendix on self‐observation <sup>*</sup> (1989)

This is an account of an informal presentation of personal views and opinions concerning behavioral phenomena--anosognosia, confabulation, memory and amnesia, perseveration and agitation, plus a few interesting brief case histories that make a neurologic point. Finally, the practice of self-observation is recommended for neurologists, and a few examples from personal experience are described.
A model to predict current distributions in heavy current parallel conductor configurations (1994)

This paper presents a model for predicting the current distribution in high current cables consisting of relatively widely spaced parallel conductors. These cables are typically used in electric glass melters to interconnect the power transformers and the melter secondary bus installations. Due to mutual inductive coupling between the conductors, electromagnetic forces will cause a nonuniform current distribution. The proposed model has been developed to account for these forces in specified parallel conductor configurations. The model also takes into account the "skin effect" impact on the individual conductor resistances and self inductances. The model is coded in a simple computer program which can be used to predict current distributions in electric glass melters and similar heavy current applications. Results obtained using the proposed model for a Scott-T transformer system with a variety of multiconductor cable configurations are presented in the paper for demonstration purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cuidados naturales en el cordón umbilical del recién nacido (2010)

RESUMEN: Lasrecomendacionessobreelcuidadodelcordonumbilicalenelreciennacidosonvariadas.�Elobjetivodeesteestudioes� determinarcualessonloscuidadosmasapropiadosbasadosenlaevidenciacientificadisponible. Serealizo�unabusquedabibliograficaencontrandoqueloscuidadosmasapropiadosparaelmanejodelcordonumbilical� sonloscuidadosnaturales:�dejarsecaralairesinaplicarningunproductoehigieneconaguayjabon.�Elusodeantisepticos� noaportamejoresresultadosencuantoaprevenciondeonfalitis�(infecciondelcordon)�y,�sinembargo,�noestanexentos� deefectosadversos. Palabras clave: alcohol,�curaseca,�reciennacido,�cordonumbilicalycuidados. ABSTRACT: Therecommendationsaboutumbilicalcordcareinthenewbornbabyaremany.�Theaimofthisstudyistoindicatewhich� arethemostappropriatecarebasedonavailablescientificevidence. Abibliographicresearchwasdonefindingthatthemostcorrectactionsforthecaremanagementoftheumbilicalcordare� thenaturalcare:�letitdrybyairwithoutapplyinganyproductandcleansingwithsoapandwater.�Theuseofantiseptics� doesnotaddanybetterresultasonphalitis�(cordinfection)�preventingandmoreoverthoseproductsarenotfreeofadverse� toxiceffects.
Cost of illness for bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the economic burden (2013)

The cost variance was great between studies. This was likely due to differences in methodology rather than healthcare systems, thereby making such comparisons difficult. The results showed that BD has a substantial economic burden on society. To gain more evidence, international standardized checklists are needed when undertaking cost-of-illness studies.
Patterning of fluorine-, hydrogen-, and carbon-containing SiO2-like low dielectric constant materials in high-density fluorocarbon plasmas: Comparison with SiO2 (1999)

Successful pattern transfer of 0.36–0.62 μm features into fluorinated silicon dioxide, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), and methyl silsesquioxane (MSQ) has been demonstrated in a transformer coupled plasma (TCP) source using fluorocarbon feedgas chemistries. These films have a lower dielectric constant than conventional SiO2. It is this property that makes them attractive for implementation in future integrated circuit technology. The etching of these novel dielectrics was compared to conventional SiO2. We have observed that the different chemical makeup of these SiO2-like dielectrics does not affect the etching when weakly polymerizing gases are used, such as CF4. In this case, the etch rate is primarily dependent on the ion energy. For more polymerizing chemistries, like CHF3 or C3F6/H2 gas mixtures, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that an increasing steady state fluorocarbon film thickness limits the ion and neutral flux at the interface of the various dielectrics. It is suggested that, as the fluorocarbon film thickness increases, the etching becomes more dependent on neutral species from the gas phase. In this case, hydrogen and carbon impurities in HSQ and MSQ, respectively, limit the etch rate. On the other hand, fluorine in the fluorinated SiO2 film enhances the etch rate as compared with the etch rate of conventional SiO2. In line with these observations, we conclude that fluorine from the gas phase is most likely the controlling etchant as the fluorocarbon film increases beyond the ion penetration depth.
Semantic broken link detection using structured tagging scheme (2012)

The idea of web of data is to build a huge graph by interlinking the related contents on the web. As the web is highly dynamic in nature, the contents change rapidly from time to time. This highly dynamic nature of web can lead to broken links. These broken links can be the result of one of the events like create, delete, move or update. Moreover, a change in the meaning of the content can lead to broken links on the web. This type of broken link is called a semantic broken link. Handling of such a broken link is a challenge for both human actors and machine agents. This paper deals with a method of discovering the semantic broken links accurately by applying a structured tagging scheme. Our solution uses a tagging scheme that helps to detect the semantic changes in the pages and has a loosely coupled communication mechanism to report the changes.
Online Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2008)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are equipped with multiple power sources for improving the efficiency and performance of their power supply system. An energy management (EM) strategy is needed to optimize the internal power flows and satisfy the driver's power demand. To achieve maximum fuel profits from EM, many solution methods have been presented. Optimal solution methods are typically not feasible in an online application due to their computational demand and their need to have <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> knowledge about future vehicle power demand. In this paper, an online EM strategy is presented with the ability to mimic the optimal solution but without using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> road information. Rather than solving a mathematical optimization problem, the methodology concentrates on a physical explanation about when to produce, consume, and store electric power. This immediately reveals the vehicle characteristics that are important for EM. It is shown that this concept applies to many existing HEVs as well as possible future vehicle configurations. Since the method only focuses on typical vehicle characteristics, the underlying algorithm requires minor computational effort and can be executed in real time. Clear directions for online implementation are given in this paper. A parallel HEV with a 5-kW integrated starter/generator (ISG) is selected to demonstrate the performance of the EM strategy. Simulation results indicate that the proposed EM strategy exhibits similar behavior as an optimal solution obtained from dynamic programming. Profits in fuel economy primarily arise from engine stop/start and energy obtained during regenerative braking. This latter energy is preferably used for pure electric propulsion where the internal combustion engine is switched off.
Bacillus licheniformis Prevents Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens (2010)

Three studies were conducted using Clostridium perfringens as an intestinal challenge to produce necrotic enteritis (NE). The studies consisted of two battery screening studies and one production study in floor pens, which were used to test the effect of the addition of Bacillus licheniformis (DSM 17236) spores at different doses and feeding periods in comparison to birds fed diets with subtherapeutic levels of virginiamycin (15 g/ton feed). In all three studies the use of B. licheniformis (1.6 x 10(6) - 8 x 10(7) CFUs/g) or virginiamycin (15 g/ton feed) showed no difference in effect with regard to feed conversion ratio, weight gain, NE lesion score, and NE mortality. In the two battery studies, both treatments showed a significantly decreased feed conversion ratio, increased weight gain, reduced NE lesion score, and NE-reduced mortality compared to the nonmedicated C. perfringens-challenged group. In general, none of the treatments performed as well as the no-challenge group. The present data indicate that the use of B. licheniformis spores as a probiotic or direct-fed microbial could be an alternative to adding medication to the feed to overcome NE under commercial-like conditions and could therefore be of direct use in preventing antibiotic-resistant pathogens in chickens.