gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MultiPresenter (2008)

We introduce MultiPresenter, a novel presentation system designed to work on very large display spaces (multiple displays or physically large high-resolution displays). MultiPresenter allows presenters to organize and present pre-made and dynamic presentations that take advantage of a very large display space accessed from a personal laptop. Presenters can use the extra space to provide long-term persistency of information to the audience. Our design deliberately separates content generation (authoring) from the presentation of content. We focus on supporting presentation flow and a variety of presentation styles, ranging from automated, scripted sequences of pre-made slides to highly dynamic ad-hoc, and non-linear content. By providing smooth transition between these styles, presenters can easily alter the flow of content during a presentation to adapt to an audience or to change emphasis in response to emerging interests. We describe our goals, rationale and the design process, providing a detailed description of the current version of the system, and discuss our experience using it throughout a one-semester first year computer science course.
Error correction for IFSAR (2023)

IFSAR images of a target scene are generated by compensating for variations in vertical separation between collection surfaces defined for each IFSAR antenna by adjusting the baseline projection during image generation. In addition, height information from all antennas is processed before processing range and azimuth information in a normal fashion to create the IFSAR image.
Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (2016)

The hardware-software interface, embodied in the instruction set architecture (ISA), is arguably the most important interface in a computer system. Yet, in contrast to nearly all other interfaces in a modern computer system, all commercially popular ISAs are proprietary. A free and open ISA standard has the potential to increase innovation in microprocessor design, reduce computer system cost, and, as Mooreâs law wanes, ease the transition to more specialized computational devices.In this dissertation, I present the RISC-V instruction set architecture. RISC-V is a free and open ISA that, with three decades of hindsight, builds and improves upon the original Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architectures. It is structured as a small base ISA with a variety of optional extensions. The base ISA is very simple, making RISC-V suitable for research and education, but complete enough to be a suitable ISA for inexpensive, low-power embedded devices. The optional extensions form a more powerful ISA for general-purpose and high-performance computing. I also present and evaluate a new RISC-V ISA extension for reduced code size, which makes RISC-V more compact than all popular 64-bit ISAs.
Relaxation of a supercritical fluid after a heat pulse in the absence of gravity effects: Theory and experiments (1998)

We study the response of a fluid in near-critical conditions to a heat pulse, in the absence of gravity effects. The fluid under investigation is ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ at critical density. It is enclosed in a thermostated sample cell. We apply a theory that accounts for hydrodynamics and a real equation of state. Comparison with experiments performed under reduced gravity on board the MIR orbital station show quantitative agreement and demonstrate that the dynamics of relaxation is ruled by two typical times, a diffusion time ${t}_{D}$ and a time ${t}_{c}$ associated to adiabatic heat transport, the so-called ``Piston effect'' (PE). Three regions are observed in the fluid. First, a hot boundary layer, developing at the heat source, which shows large coupled density-temperature inhomogeneities. This part relaxes by a diffusive process, whose density and temperature relaxations are slowed down close to the critical point. Second, the bulk fluid, which remains uniform in temperature and density and whose dynamics is accelerated near the critical point and governed by the PE time. At the thermostated walls a slightly cooler boundary layer forms that cools the bulk also by a PE mechanism. The final equilibration in temperature and density of the fluid is governed by the diffusion time ${t}_{D},$ which corresponds to the slowest mechanism. Comparison with a one-dimensional model for temperature relaxation is performed showing good agreement with experimental temperature measurements. A brief comparison is given with the situation in the presence of gravity.
Multiple Distant Amino Acid Residues Present in the Serpentine Region of the Follitropin Receptor Modulate the Rate of Agonist-induced Internalization (2000)

The amino acid sequences of the human (h) and rat (r) follitropin receptors (FSHR) are approximately 89% identical, but the half-time of internalization of agonist mediated by the rFSHR is approximately 3 times faster than that of the hFSHR. Chimeras of the hFSHR and the rFSHR showed that this difference in rate is dictated mostly by the serpentine domain. Further analysis identified six residues, two non-contiguous residues in the transmembrane helix 4 (Leu/Thr in the rFSHR and Met/Ile in the hFSHR), three non-contiguous residues in the third intracellular loop (Thr/Thr/Lys in the rFSHR and Ile/Asn/Arg in the hFSHR), and one in transmembrane helix 7 (Tyr in the rFSHR and His in the hFSHR) that are fully responsible for the difference in the rates of internalization of the hFSHR and the rFSHR.
The 2-Kilobase Intron of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Has a Half-Life of Approximately 24 Hours in SY5Y and COS-1 Cells (2002)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 2-kb latency-associated transcript (LAT) is a stable intron, which accumulates in cells both lytically and latently infected with HSV-1. We have used a tetracycline-repressible expression system to determine the half-life of the 2-kb LAT RNA intron in the human neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. Using Northern hybridization analyses of RNA isolated from transiently transfected SY5Y cells over time after repression of LAT expression, we measured the half-life of the 2-kb LAT to be approximately 24 h. Thus, unlike typical introns that are rapidly degraded in a matter of seconds following excision, the 2-kb LAT intron has a half-life similar to those of some of the more stable cellular mRNAs. Furthermore, a similar half-life was measured for the 2-kb LAT in transiently transfected nonneuronal monkey COS-1 cells, suggesting that the stability of the 2-kb LAT is neither cell type nor species specific. Previously, we found that the determinant responsible for the unusual stability of the 2-kb LAT maps to the 3' terminus of the intron. At this site is a nonconsensus intron branch point located adjacent to a predicted stem-loop structure that is hypothesized to prevent debranching by cellular enzymes. Here we show that mutations which alter the predicted stem-loop structure, such that branching is redirected, either reduce or abolish the stability of the 2-kb LAT intron.
Controlled Coalescence of AlGaN Nanowire Arrays: An Architecture for Nearly Dislocation‐Free Planar Ultraviolet Photonic Device Applications (2016)

Nearly dislocation-free semipolar AlGaN templates are achieved on c-plane sapphire substrate through controlled nanowire coalescence by selective-area epitaxy. The coalesced Mg-doped AlGaN layers exhibit superior charge-carrier-transport properties. Semipolar-AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes demonstrate excellent performance. This work establishes the use of engineered nanowire structures as a viable architecture to achieve large-area, dislocation-free planar photonic and electronic devices.
Design and implementation of a preconcentrator with Zeolite NaY for sensitivity enhancement of commercial gas sensors at low NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (2018)

Zeolite NaY was used to implement a NO2 preconcentrating system for the first time which provided the detection of ppb concentration levels of NO2 with high response level. NO2 gas is among air pollutants that significantly affect the quality of human health, even at low concentrations, which necessitates commercial NO2 sensors to attain low detection capability. In this work, we have reported responses of a commercial NO2 sensor to low concentration levels of NO2. Responses were improved by ~44 times through using a designed and fabricated preconcentration system. The preconcentrator was composed of different sections in which the most important part was zeolite NaY as a NO2 adsorbent: it adsorbed NO2 molecules from the air polluted with 300 ppb NO2 during the adsorption cycle, then by applying a heating pulse, it was forced to release preadsorbed NO2 species into a smaller chamber in which a commercial gas sensor was placed to monitor the variations of NO2. In this process, the sensor response increased noticeably. System features such as durability and cross sensitivity, and preconcentrator working conditions, such as desorption temperature, duration of adsorption time, heating rate, and the air circulation flow were investigated. Results were described and it is shown that NO2 detection at ppb levels with high sensitivity is possible with such a low price preconcentration system.
Bronchoscopic Surfactant Administration in Patients With Severe Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis (1996)

Abstract The present study was performed on 10 patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), all suffering from sepsis (mean lung injury score [LIS] (1): 3.25 +/- 0.1; duration of mechanical ventilation upon study entry: 3.1 +/- 0.6 d). Ex vivo analysis of the alveolar surfactant system, obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), showed severe impairment of surfactant function. Three hundred milligrams of natural surfactant/kg body weight (Alveofact) was delivered bronchoscopically in separate doses to each segment of both lungs. This caused an immediate increase in PaO2/FlO2 from 85 +/- 7 mm Hg to 200 +/- 20 mm Hg (p &lt; 0.001), mainly due to a decrease in shunt flow (42 +/- 4 to 20 +/- 2% [p &lt; 0.001]). Reanalysis of the alveolar surfactant showed that its function was significantly improved. In five patients the increase in arterial oxygenation was partially lost within the next few hours, and a second dose of 200 mg/kg surfactant was applied 18 to 24 h later, again increasing PaO2/FlO2 values. Eight patients survived the subsequent 14-d observation period with progressive improvement of gas exchange, and five patients were definitely weaned from the respirator. All fatalities were due to non-respiratory causes. We conclude that the bronchoscopic application of a high dose of surfactant aimed at overcoming inhibitory factors in the alveolar space of these patients, may offer a feasible and safe approach to improving gas exchange in severe ARDS.
Performance Mapping toward Optimal Addition Levels and Processing Conditions for Different Types of Hydrocarbon Waxes Typically Used as External Lubricants in Sn-Stabilized PVC Pipe Formulations (2022)

The mechanism of performance of hydrocarbon waxes used as external lubricants in typical PVC pipe formulations is not completely understood or defined. This study will benefit pipe manufacturers to tailor PVC processing conditions and wax addition levels to enhance the value of waxes with different molecular architectures in Sn-stabilized PVC formulations. A selection of waxes was comprehensively analyzed to understand how their structural and morphological differences impact the fusion behavior of a Sn-stabilized PVC compound. Results showed a high probability of fusion for waxes with melting points between 65 and 80 °C and a kinematic viscosity (at 135 °C) of less than 5 cSt across all experimental temperatures and concentration levels tested. The general probability of fusion increased with increasing temperature and decreasing wax concentration. Wax compositional differences only had a large impact on PVC fusion at lower experimental temperatures and high wax concentrations. The stable time and onset of degradation were found to be sensitive to experimental temperature but less so to wax concentration. High melting waxes had the lowest fusion torque but a narrow operating window in terms of concentration and temperature for a successful fusion to occur. Overall, fully refined paraffin waxes had the widest operating window and were less sensitive to a change in the wax concentration and experimental temperature than the rest of the waxes that were tested.
Photometric design of color-conversion LEDs (2011)

Here the first photometric study of road-lighting white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) integrated with semiconductor colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is reported enabling higher luminance than conventional light sources, specifically in mesopic vision regimes essential to street lighting. Investigating over 100 million designs uncovers that quality road-lighting QD-WLEDs, with a color quality scale and color rendering index >= 85, enables 13-35% higher mesopic luminance than the sources commonly used in street lighting. Furthermore, these QD-WLEDs were shown to be electrically more efficient than conventional sources with power conversion efficiencies >= 16-29%. Considering this fact, an experimental proof-of-concept QD-WLED was demonstrated, which is the first account of QD based color conversion custom designed for street lighting applications. The obtained white LED achieved the targeted mesopic luminance levels in accordance with the road lighting standards of the USA and the UK. These results indicate that road-lighting QD-WLEDs are strongly promising for energy-saving quality road lighting.
Localization and Trajectory Reconstruction in Surveillance Cameras with Nonoverlapping Views (2009)

This paper proposes a method that localizes two surveillance cameras and simultaneously reconstructs object trajectories in 3D space. The method is an extension of the Direct Reference Plane method, which formulates the localization and the reconstruction as a system of linear equations that is globally solvable by Singular Value Decomposition. The method's assumptions are static synchronized cameras, smooth trajectories, known camera internal parameters, and the rotation between the cameras in a world coordinate system. The paper describes the method in the context of self-calibrating cameras, where the internal parameters and the rotation can be jointly obtained assuming a man-made scene with orthogonal structures. Experiments with synthetic and real--image data show that the method can recover the camera centers with an error less than half a meter even in the presence of a 4 meter gap between the fields of view.
Use of Well Test Data in Stochastic Reservoir Modelling (1995)

Abstract The aim of the study is to condition stochastic generated realizations on well test data in order to improve simulation of fades and petrophysics in fluvial reservoirs. First we have used the pressure data to estimate the shortest distance from the well to a possible channel boundary and thereby simulate the channel structures. The well test also provides the permeability average in the part of the channel intersected by the well. Together with core/log data and general knowledge of the reservoir this have been used to simulate permeability. These permeability realizations is input to a numerical flow simulator and compared with experimental results of the well test.
Madreporic coral: a new bone graft substitute for cranial surgery (1988)

Since 1985, the authors have been using madreporic coral fragments (genera Porites) as a bone graft substitute. Of the 167 coral grafts implanted, 150 were coral "corks" used to obliterate burr holes (diameter 10 mm), five were large implants (length 20 to 40 mm) to repair skull defects, and 12 were coral blocks to reconstruct the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. Previous experimental studies suggested that coral grafts would be well tolerated and become partially reossified as the calcific skeleton was resorbed. The authors describe their experience and detail the main biological properties of these materials, which appear to be very promising for use in cranial reconstructive surgery.
Determination of magnesium ion in serum samples by a DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensor (2012)

A DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensor for magnesium ion (Mg2+) has been developed. Firstly, the Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme with thiol at the 5′-terminus is immobilized on a gold electrode through thiol–Au interaction. Then the substrate strand with ferrocene (Fc) at the 5′-terminus is attached to the gold electrode via hybridization with DNAzyme. In the absence of Mg2+, this sensor shows an obvious faradaic current from Fc. In the presence of Mg2+, the Fc-labeled substrate strand is cleaved into two pieces by catalytic action of DNAzyme and moves away from the electrode surface, which reduces the faradaic current. The current change provides quantitative measurement of Mg2+. The linear response range for the proposed biosensor is 0.2–5.0 mmol L−1, and the detection limit is 0.05 mmol L−1. Other divalent metals present do not interfere with Mg2+ detection. The sensor was applied to detect Mg2+ in serum with satisfactory results.
Theoretical Urban Heat Island Circulation in the Temperature Inversion Profile (2018)

The characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) circulation are analytically expressed as functions of the surface temperature in both temperature inversion and non-temperature inversion (NTI) profiles, in which the temperature declines with increasing altitudes. To identify how the inversion layer affects UHI circulation, two temperature profiles are specified to be nearly similar except within the temperature inversion layer. Theoretical calculations suggest that the UHI circulation in the temperature inversion case is weaker and lower than in the NTI case and that there is no significant difference between the two cases. When the inversion layer thickness is fixed, the relative size difference between the weakening inversion intensity and the strengthening temperature influence above the inversion lid controls the decrease or increase in UHI circulation.
[Ureteral remote shockwave lithotripsy]. (1991)

6 patients had a pyelonephritis attack because of fragments crashed stone renal occlusion; 3 were operated on by the method of transcutaneous paracentetic nephrostomy; other 3 patients' kidneys were catheterized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-World Reinforcement Learning via Multifidelity Simulators (2015)

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be a tool for designing policies and controllers for robotic systems. However, the cost of real-world samples remains prohibitive as many RL algorithms require a large number of samples before learning useful policies. Simulators are one way to decrease the number of required real-world samples, but imperfect models make deciding when and how to trust samples from a simulator difficult. We present a framework for efficient RL in a scenario where multiple simulators of a target task are available, each with varying levels of fidelity. The framework is designed to limit the number of samples used in each successively higher-fidelity/cost simulator by allowing a learning agent to choose to run trajectories at the lowest level simulator that will still provide it with useful information. Theoretical proofs of the framework's sample complexity are given and empirical results are demonstrated on a remote-controlled car with multiple simulators. The approach enables RL algorithms to find near-optimal policies in a physical robot domain with fewer expensive real-world samples than previous transfer approaches or learning without simulators.
An evolutionary analysis of cAMP-specific Phosphodiesterase 4 alternative splicing (2010)

There was a progressive independent incorporation of multiple PDE4 splice variant forms and amino termini, increasing PDE4 proteome complexity from primitive vertebrates to humans. While PDE4 gene isoform duplicates with limited alternative splicing were found in teleosts, an expansion of both PDE4 splice variant forms, and alternatively spliced amino termini predominantly occurs in mammals. Since amino termini have been linked to intracellular targeting of the PDE4 enzymes, the conservation of amino termini in PDE4 splice variants in evolution highlights the importance of compartmentalization of PDE4-mediated cAMP hydrolysis.
Peptide Histidine Methionine in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (1993)

Immunoreactivities (IRs) of peptide histidine methionine (PHM) as well as somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and age-matched control subjects. We found statistically significant reductions in the PHM-IR and somatostatin-IR levels in the CSF from patients with SDAT, as compared with those of the controls. However, the VIP-IR level in the CSF from SDAT was not different from that of the controls. These results suggest that selective degeneration of neurons containing somatostatin and PHM or the alteration in metabolism of PHM in the CSF might occur in SDAT.