gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verifying Search Results Over Web Collections (2012)

Searching accounts for one of the most frequently performed computations over the Internet as well as one of the most important applications of outsourced computing, producing results that critically affect users' decision-making behaviors. As such, verifying the integrity of Internet-based searches over vast amounts of web contents is essential. We provide the first solution to this general security problem. We introduce the concept of an authenticated web crawler and present the design and prototype implementation of this new concept. An authenticated web crawler is a trusted program that computes a special "signature" $s$ of a collection of web contents it visits. Subject to this signature, web searches can be verified to be correct with respect to the integrity of their produced results. This signature also allows the verification of complicated queries on web pages, such as conjunctive keyword searches. In our solution, along with the web pages that satisfy any given search query, the search engine also returns a cryptographic proof. This proof, together with the signature $s$, enables any user to efficiently verify that no legitimate web pages are omitted from the result computed by the search engine, and that no pages that are non-conforming with the query are included in the result. An important property of our solution is that the proof size and the verification time both depend solely on the sizes of the query description and the query result, but not on the number or sizes of the web pages over which the search is performed. Our authentication protocols are based on standard Merkle trees and the more involved bilinear-map accumulators. As we experimentally demonstrate, the prototype implementation of our system gives a low communication overhead between the search engine and the user, and allows for fast verification of the returned results on the user side.
Parallel pixmap image storage and retrieval (1993)

Professionals in various fields such as medical imaging, biology and civil engineering require rapid access to huge amounts of uncompressed pixmap image data. In order to fulfil these requirements, a parallel image server architecture is proposed, based on arrays of intelligent disk nodes, each disk node being composed of one processor and one disk. Pixmap image data is partitioned into rectangular extents, whose size and distribution among disk nodes minimize overall image access times. Disk node processors are responsible for maintaining both the data structure associated with their image file extents and an extent cache offering fast access to recently used data. Disk node processors may also be used for applying image processing operations to locally retrieved image parts. This contribution introduces the concept of an image oriented file system, where the file system is aware of image size, extent size and extent distribution. The performance of the proposed transputer-based multiprocessor-multidisk image server is compared with the performance of an ideal single processor disk array system having an infinite bandwidth between the disks and the processor's memory
Dextran–Peptide Hybrid for Efficient Gene Delivery (2014)

Gene therapy has drawn significant interest in the past two decades since it provides a promising strategy to treat both genetic disorders and acquired diseases. However, the transfer of gene therapy to clinical applications is troubled with many difficulties, since many current systems are of toxicity, low transfection efficiency and low biodegradability. To address these challenges, we developed a dextran-peptide hybrid system as a safe and efficient vector for gene therapy and investigated the structure-function-cytotoxicity relationship of this dextran-peptide hybrid system. Dextrans (Dex10, Dex20, and Dex70) with different molecular weights (10, 20 and 70 kDa) were conjugated with a cationic peptide, R5H5, at various degrees of substitution. Gene expression and cytotoxicity mediated by this delivery system were evaluated against SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells and compared to 25 kDa branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The results showed that Dex10-R5H5 and Dex20-R5H5 hybrids derived from low molecular weight dextrans induced higher gene expression and lower cytotoxicity than Dex70-R5H5 hybrid from higher molecular weight dextran. The best performance on gene expression was achieved by Dex10-R5H5 at 40% substitution of R5H5, which induced greater gene expression than PEI at a low N/P ratio of 5. Dex10-R5H5/DNA complexes at 40% substitution of R5H5 also showed much higher cell viability (93%) than PEI/DNA (66%) at the same N/P ratio. These results indicate that the Dex-R5H5 hybrid with the low molecular weight of dextran and the high degree of substitution of R5H5 is a very promising material for safe and efficient gene therapy.
596. A Novel Replication Incompetent Human Subgroup D Adenoviral Vector Based on Type 49: Manufacture on PER.C6®, Cell Tropism and Immunogenicity (2006)

Adenoviral Recombinant vectors based on type 5 (rAd5) show great promise as vaccine carrier. However, neutralizing activity against Ad5 is prevalent and high titered among human populations and significantly dampens Ad5-based vaccine modalities. The generation of alternative adenoviral vectors with low sero-prevalence thus receives much research interest. We have previously published that several members of human subgroup D adenoviruses display low sero-prevalence in Europe and here we demonstrate that one such member, i.e. Ad49, is immunologically distinct from Ad5. We next set out to construct a plasmid system that allows formation of replication incompetent adenovirus serotype 49 vaccine vectors (rAd49) and demonstrate that rAd49 can be successfully propagated to high titers on existing E1-complementing cell lines such as PER.C6®. Using a rAd49 vector carrying the luciferase marker gene sero-prevalence studies were performed demonstrating that rAd49 has low sero-prevalence and neutralizing antibody titers worldwide. Also, we have initiated rAd49 vector receptor usage suggesting that rAd49 utilizes hCD46 as a cellular receptor. Next, we assessed the immunogenicity of the rAd49 vector and show that a rAd49.SIVGag vaccine induces strong anti-SIVGag CD8+T-lymphocytes in naive mice albeit approximately 1.5-fold less compared to a rAd5.SIVGag vaccine. However, in mice with high anti-Ad5 immunity the anti- SIVGag response was not statistically significant suppressed using the rAd49.SIVGag vaccine whereas the rAd5.SIVGag vaccine was severely blunted. Finally, rAd35.SIVGag prime-rAd49.SIVGag boost experiments in mice carrying high-level anti-Ad5 neutralizing activity demonstrated that the rAd49 based vaccine is not hampered by neither rAd5 nor rAd35 neutralizing activity. These data demonstrate the potential of a replication deficient human D-group adenoviral vector as stand-alone vaccine carrier or in prime-boost settings with other rare human adenoviral vectors.
Expression of human prostatic acid phosphatase activity and the growth of prostate carcinoma cells. (1992)

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) is a tissue-specific differentiation antigen and is the major phosphotyrosyl (p-tyr) protein phosphatase in normal differentiated prostate epithelial cells. In prostate carcinomas, cellular PAcP has a low expression. We examined the expression of cellular PAcP activity and its correlation with cell growth that may lead us to understand the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in human prostate cells. LNCaP cells, which expressed the highest cellular PAcP activity, had the slowest growth rate and the lowest p-tyr level among three human prostate carcinoma cell lines: LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3. This inverse correlation was further examined in LNCaP cells, since these cells remain hormone-sensitive. Androgen, a classical stimulator of prostate cells, stimulated the growth of LNCaP cells while cellular PAcP activity decreased and p-tyr levels increased. This phenomenon was also observed when cells were treated with epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum. Both epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum stimulated the growth of LNCaP cells whereas cellular PAcP activity decreased. Furthermore, when cell growth was arrested at low temperatures (23 degrees C), cellular PAcP activity was elevated. To establish the relationship of cellular PAcP activity with cell growth rate, we transfected a complementary DNA encoding the full length PAcP protein into another human prostate carcinoma line, PC-3, that lacks endogenous PAcP. Two stable transfectants, designated PC-18 and PC-416 cells, were obtained and shown to express PAcP mRNA transcribed from the transfected complementary DNA. The expression of PAcP activity in PC-416 cells, but not PC-18 cells, was associated with a lower p-tyr level and a slower growth rate than control cells transfected with the expression vector alone. In conclusion, in LNCaP cells, the stimulated cell growth is associated with an increased p-tyr level and a decreased cellular PAcP activity. In PAcP complementary DNA-transfected PC-416 cells, the low level of p-tyr corresponds to a slow growth rate.
Comparison of STAP algorithms for airborne radar (2002)

Researchers have developed and examined space-time adaptive processing (STAP) schemes to cope with the clutter spectral spreading that occurs for a radar mounted on a moving platform. Analysis shows these schemes have great potential when used with good estimates of the interference-plus-noise statistics. In practical situations these estimates may be very inaccurate. This is the case studied here. A general formulation of a STAP algorithm is defined and several specific cases are described and studied. Both simulated data and measured radar data are used in the tests. The results indicate that STAP schemes can be developed which will perform well when operating with limited information and poor estimates of the interference-plus-noise environment. Further development and study are needed to identify the best STAP schemes for this purpose.
Normal meshes (2000)

Normal meshes are new fundamental surface descriptions inspired by differential geometry. A normal mesh is a multiresolution mesh where each level can be written as a normal offset from a coarser version. Hence the mesh can be stored with a single float per vertex. We present an algorithm to approximate any surface arbitrarily closely with a normal semi-regular mesh. Normal meshes can be useful in numerous applications such as compression, filtering, rendering, texturing, and modeling.
Flexible Graphene-Based Supercapacitors: A Review (2016)

The recent rapid growth in graphene-based supercapacitors has reached the point where there is a need for solid-state devices with physical flexibility, which will be a crucial advantage in modern electronic devices. Herein, we summarize recent developments toward an all solid-state graphene-based flexible supercapacitor. The routes to produce graphene-based electrode materials, along with the typical fabrication techniques for flexible devices, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the structural morphology of the electrode materials is closely related to the electrochemical performance, and the influence of the electrode components on the mechanical flexibility of the fabricated devices is examined. Lastly, a summary of the overall electrochemical properties and current development of the reported devices is presented progressively to predict the future trends toward the realization of an ultimate-performance graphene-based flexible supercapacitor.
Abstract 267: Photoplethysmography-Based Algorithm Uninterruptedly Supports Pulse Detection in Porcine Automatic 30:2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Data by Handling Transitions Between Compressions and Pauses (2018)

Introduction: Pulse checks by manual palpation during CPR are challenging, time-consuming and interrupt chest compressions. To support pulse checks during 30:2 CPR, we developed an algorithm to uninterruptedly detect pulse in a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal by handling transitions between compressions and ventilation pauses. We retrospectively evaluated the algorithm on porcine automated-CPR (ACPR) data. Methods: In 10 anesthetised pigs, VF was induced, followed by 20 min of 30:2 ACPR with 2.5 s ventilation pauses (Phase 1). Next, up to four defibrillation attempts were made, each shock followed by 2 min of 30:2 ACPR (Phase 2). Infrared nasal PPG and thoracic impedance (TI) signals were measured, with aortic blood pressure (ABP) as reference. The developed algorithm detected pulse rate (PR) in the PPG signal, by estimating the main frequencies present in the signal and ignoring compression frequencies, where the compression rate (CR) was determined from the TI waveform. The PPG signal was analysed by sliding a 5 s window by 1 s shifts. When analysing a signal with an abrupt change due to the start/end of a compression series, frequency estimates will be compromised. Therefore, the algorithm identified the start/end of compressions in the TI signal and analysed in the 5 s window (1) a compression-free interval of at least 2 s or (2) a compression interval of at least 2.8 s. The window was ignored if no such interval was found. Pulse detection performance was quantified by comparison to pulse presence annotations determined from the protocol and visual inspection of ABP and PPG signals. Results: Table I gives sensitivity for pulse presence (SNV), specificity for arrest (SPC) and positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV). Conclusions: Overall, SPC, PPV and NPV are high. In Phase 2, SNV is reasonable in pauses, but compromised during compressions when PR and CR are close. In 30:2 CPR the algorithm can provide frequent detections from 2 s pauses. Table I: detection results.
Automated airway evaluation system for multi-slice computed tomography using airway lumen diameter, airway wall thickness and broncho-arterial ratio (2006)

Pulmonary diseases such as bronchiectasis, asthma, and emphysema are characterized by abnormalities in airway dimensions. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) has become one of the primary means to depict these abnormalities, as the availability of high-resolution near-isotropic data makes it possible to evaluate airways at oblique angles to the scanner plane. However, currently, clinical evaluation of airways is typically limited to subjective visual inspection only: systematic evaluation of the airways to take advantage of high-resolution data has not proved practical without automation. We present an automated method to quantitatively evaluate airway lumen diameter, wall thickness and broncho-arterial ratios. In addition, our method provides 3D visualization of these values, graphically illustrating the location and extent of disease. Our algorithm begins by automatic airway segmentation to extract paths to the distal airways, and to create a map of airway diameters. Normally, airway diameters decrease as paths progress distally; failure to taper indicates abnormal dilatation. Our approach monitors airway lumen diameters along each airway path in order to detect abnormal profiles, allowing even subtle degrees of pathologic dilatation to be identified. Our method also systematically computes the broncho-arterial ratio at every terminal branch of the tree model, as a ratio above 1 indicates potentially abnormal bronchial dilatation. Finally, the airway wall thickness is computed at corresponding locations. These measurements are used to highlight abnormal branches for closer inspection, and can be summed to compute a quantitative global score for the entire airway tree, allowing reproducible longitudinal assessment of disease severity. Preliminary tests on patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis demonstrated rapid identification of lack of tapering, which also was confirmed by corresponding demonstration of elevated broncho-arterial ratios.
Composite Coiled Tubing Solution (2000)

Abstract Depending on the application, composite coiled tubing (CCT) may serve as a cost-effective alternative to conventional coiled tubing.1 Gas wells in Alberta, Canada often lose production when hydrates form as a result of temperature drops in gas flow. To reduce gas-flow temperature drop and prevent hydrates from forming, operators commonly use a steel heater string to heat the annular area between the production tubing and casing. Some wells require more heat to reach the critical hydrate temperature depth than others, resulting in higher costs for heating and pumping equipment. To reduce these costs, operators looked for a solution to temperature drop, and found it in CCT. Because of its low thermal conductivity (heat loss), a CCT heater string can reduce the need for upgrading or replacing surface heating and pumping equipment.
Using wearable activity type detection to improve physical activity energy expenditure estimation (2010)

Accurate, real-time measurement of energy expended during everyday activities would enable development of novel health monitoring and wellness technologies. A technique using three miniature wearable accelerometers is presented that improves upon state-of-the-art energy expenditure (EE) estimation. On a dataset acquired from 24 subjects performing gym and household activities, we demonstrate how knowledge of activity type, which can be automatically inferred from the accelerometer data, can improve EE estimates by more than 15% when compared to the best estimates from other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Helical Metallocene Oligomer. (1986)

Abstract The preparation of helicene (M)‐ (V) is easy and occurs shown in thescheme.
Noninvasive continuous mobile blood pressure monitoring using novel PPG optical sensor (2015)

We are presenting a novel PPG optical sensor and device with ambient optical, electrical and electromagnetic noises cancellation, thus allowing only the useful optical signals to be received by the health monitoring device. The presented sensor and methodology has been integrated into a prototype standalone device for noninvasive, continuous, wearable, remote and mobile monitoring of blood pressure and other human vital signs, such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, etc. This small device allows the user to read, store, process and transmit all the measurements to a remote location.
Design and operational considerations of catalytic membrane reactors for ammonia synthesis (2021)

Abstract Production of ammonia using hydrogen derived from renewable electricity instead of hydrocarbon reforming would dramatically reduce the carbon footprint of this commodity chemical. Novel technologies such as catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) may potentially be more compatible with distributed ammonia production than the conventional Haber–Bosch process. A reactor model is developed based on integrating a standard industrial iron catalyst into a CMR equipped with an inorganic membrane that is selective to NH 3 over N 2 /H 2 . CMR performance is studied as functions of wide ranges of membrane properties and operating conditions. Conversion and ammonia recovery are dictated principally by the ammonia permeance, and the benefits by using membranes become significant above 100 GPU = 3.4 × 10 −8 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 . To be effective, the CMR requires a minimum selectivity for ammonia of 10 over both nitrogen and hydrogen and purity scales with the effective selectivity. Increasing the pressure of operation significantly improves all metrics, and at P = 30 bar with a quality membrane, ammonia is almost completely recovered, enabling direct recycle of unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen without need for recompression. Temperature drives conversion and scales monotonically without thermodynamic limitations in a CMR. Alternatively, the temperature may be reduced as low as 300°C while achieving conversion levels surpassing equilibrium limits at T = 400°C in a conventional reactor.
Unique Antiplatelet Effects of a Novel S-Nitrosoderivative of a Recombinant Fragment of von Willebrand Factor, AR545C: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Inhibition of Platelet Function (1999)

The recombinant fragment of von Willebrand factor (vWF) spanning Ala444 to Asp730 and containing an Arg545Cys mutation (denoted AR545C) has antithrombotic properties that are principally a consequence of its ability to inhibit platelet adhesion to subendothelial matrix. Endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) can also inhibit platelet function, both as a consequence of inhibiting adhesion as well as activation and aggregation. Nitric oxide can react with thiol functional groups in the presence of oxygen to form S-nitrosothiols, which are naturally occurring NO derivatives that prolong the biological actions of NO. Because AR545C has a single free cysteine (Cys545), we attempted to synthesize the S-nitroso-derivative of AR545C and to characterize its antiplatelet effects. We successfully synthesized S-nitroso-AR545C and found that it contained 0.96 mol S-NO per mole peptide. S-nitroso-AR545C was approximately 5-fold more potent at inhibiting platelet agglutination than was the unmodified peptide (IC50 = 0.02 ± 0.006 μmol/L v 0.1 ± 0.03 μmol/L, P = .001). In addition and by contrast, S-nitroso-AR545C was a powerful inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation (IC50 = 0.018 ± 0.002 μmol/L), while AR545C had no effect on aggregation. These effects were confirmed in studies of adhesion to and aggregation on extracellular matrix under conditions of shear stress in a cone-plate viscometer, where 1.5 μmol/L S-nitroso-AR545C inhibited platelet adhesion by 83% and essentially completely inhibited aggregate formation, while the same concentration of AR545C inhibited platelet adhesion by 74% and had significantly lesser effect on aggregate formation on matrix (P ≤ .004 for each parameter by ANOVA). In an ex vivo rabbit model, we also found that S-nitroso-AR545C had a more marked and more durable inhibitory effect on botrocetin-induced platelet aggregation than did AR545C, and these differences were also reflected in the extent and duration of effect on the prolongation of the bleeding time in these animals. These data show that S-nitroso-AR545C has significant and unique antiplatelet effects, inhibiting both adhesion and aggregation, by blocking platelet GPIb receptor through the AR545C moiety and elevating platelet cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate through the -SNO moiety. These observations suggest that this NO-modified fragment of vWF may have potential therapeutic benefits as a unique antithrombotic agent.
GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell transporter for lipoprotein lipase (2011)

Interest in lipolysis and the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was recently reignited by the discovery of severe hypertriglyceridemia (chylomicronemia) in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1)-deficient mice. GPIHBP1 is expressed exclusively in capillary endothelial cells and binds lipoprotein lipase (LPL) avidly. These findings prompted speculation that GPIHBP1 serves as a binding site for LPL in the capillary lumen, creating "a platform for lipolysis." More recent studies have identified a second and more intriguing role for GPIHBP1-picking up LPL in the subendothelial spaces and transporting it across endothelial cells to the capillary lumen. Here, we review the studies that revealed that GPIHBP1 is the LPL transporter and discuss which amino acid sequences are required for GPIHBP1-LPL interactions. We also discuss the human genetics of LPL transport, focusing on cases of chylomicronemia caused by GPIHBP1 mutations that abolish GPIHBP1's ability to bind LPL, and LPL mutations that prevent LPL binding to GPIHBP1.
Clinical adaptation of the sperm ubuquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI): relationship of sperm ubiquitylation with sperm quality in gradient-purified semen samples from 93 men from a general infertility clinic population (2005)

Use of this simplified ubiquitin-based sperm quality assay is feasible in a clinical environment. Since the gradient separation does not completely deplete the defective spermatozoa, the modified light microscopic sperm ubiquitin tag immunoassay could add a new level of stringency to the selection of human spermatozoa for ICSI.