gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective visual masking techniques in JPEG200 (2008)

This paper introduces a very low complexity visual masking algorithm for the JPEG2000 image compression standard and evaluates its impact on the visual image quality by means of the multi-scale SSIM index. The algorithm derives suitable weighting masks indirectly from a statistical model of the wavelet data which is defined from the second moment and the average absolute amplitude of the data. If combined with an a priori rate allocation algorithm, the computation of the visual masking weights has almost no overhead at all.
Low-Noise Large-Area Quad Photoreceivers Based on Low-Capacitance Quad InGaAs Photodiodes (2009)

We report a large-area quad photoreceiver (2 times 2 array) having an equivalent input current noise density of <3.2 pA/radicHz per quadrant up to a 3-dB bandwidth of ~20 MHz. The low-noise photoreceiver performance is enabled by a 1-mm diameter quad p-i-n InGaAs photodiode having 2.5-pF capacitance per quadrant at 5-V reverse bias.
Correction of sampling errors due to laser tuning rate fluctuations in swept-wavelength interferometry (2008)

The frequency-sampling method is widely used to accommodate nonlinear laser tuning in swept-wavelength interferometric techniques such as optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and swept-wavelength optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this paper we analyze the frequency-sampling method and identify two sources of sampling errors. One source of error is the limit of an underlying approximation for long interferometer path mismatches and fast laser tuning rates. A second source of error is transmission delays in data acquisition hardware. We show that the measurement system can be configured such that the two error sources cancel to second order. We present experimental verification of sampling error correction using a general swept-wavelength interferometer with a significantly nonlinear laser sweep.
Chain internal/chain end latent crosslinking in thermoset polymer systems (2010)

Abstract The combination of both chain‐internal/chain‐end latent crosslinking in a single thermoset polymer system is the subject of this study. A series of linear carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon homopolymers were synthesized by metathesis polycondensation, polymers which serve as the soft phase in the target chain‐internal/chain‐end latent crosslinked materials. These carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon “soft phase” homopolymers exhibited excellent performance parameters, displaying purely amorphous character with glass transition temperatures ranging between −104 °C and −90 °C depending on the run length of siloxane or hydrocarbon methylene units within the carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon monomer. These soft phase monomers were then copolymerized with latent chain‐internal crosslinking carbosilane monomers in the presence of latent chain‐end crosslinking molecules thereby generating a new class linear copolymers capable of being moisture cured to produce a new class of silicon‐based thermoset systems. Mechanical properties of these thermosets, show breaking strengths up to 0.5 MPa and elongations up to 100%. Both elastic and plastic behavior can be observed in such systems, depending upon the molar ratio of carbosiloxane/hydrocarbon co‐monomer and the carbosilane co‐monomer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1866–1877, 2010
Interference suppression receiver with adaptive antenna array for code division multiple access communications systems (2002)

An antenna array is applied to a multiple access interference (MAI) suppression receiver to filter out the interfering signals that are spatially separated from the desired user. Also a novel adaptive direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking algorithm is introduced under the assumption that the desired signal power is large enough compared to each of the interfering signals at the receiver after the PN despread. The adaptive DOA tracking algorithm requires only the first order statistics of the MAI and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). No matrix operation is required. Hence, the tracking algorithm is simple and has a low computational burden. Only 2M multiplications and 2(M-1) additions are required per snapshot for M number of antenna elements. Simulation results in a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) communication system with MAI suppression receiver under AWGN and Rayleigh fading environments are provided to show the tracking capability of the proposed tracking algorithm and the performance improvement of the proposed system.
Spectral analysis of single-channel airflow and oxygen saturation recordings in obstructive sleep apnea detection (2010)

This study investigated the usefulness of the very low spectral content of single-channel airflow recordings to help in the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. Additionally, we evaluated whether airflow frequency components in the 0.01 - 0.10 Hz band are linked with desaturations in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) recordings due to apnea events. The relationship between changes in airflow and SaO(2) was analyzed by means of the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) function. Power spectral density (PSD) was used to obtain the power spectrum of single airflow and SaO(2) signals. Peak amplitude (PA) and relative power (P(R)) were used to parameterize the power spectrum in the very low frequency band. 148 subjects suspected of suffering from OSA were studied. Significant differences (p-value ≪ 0.01) between OSA positive and OSA negative subjects were obtained from PSD and MSC features. We found a power increase in the very low frequency band of single-channel airflow linked with the periodic desaturations of OSA. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 84.0%, 85.4% and 84.5%, respectively, were reached with the peak amplitude of the airflow PSD. Thus, spectral features from the very low frequency components of single-channel airflow recordings could provide useful information to help in OSA diagnosis.
Monolithic integration of photonic and electronic circuits in a CMOS process (2008)

We present our approach to a low-cost, highly scalable opto-electronic integration platform based on a commercial CMOS process. In this talk, we detail the performance of the device library elements and highlight performance trade-offs encountered in monolithically integrating optical and electronic circuits. We describe an opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) design toolkit modeled after the standard electronic design flow, which includes automated design rule checking (DRC) and layout-versus-schematic (LVS) checks covering all types of circuit elements. As an example of integration, we detail the design of a multi-channel transceiver chip with 10 Gbps/channel optical data transmission speed and report on its performance.
Development of Glomerulus-, Tubule-, and Collecting Duct-Specific mRNA Assay in Human Urinary Exosomes and Microvesicles (2014)

Urinary exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) are promising biomarkers for renal diseases. Although the density of EMV is very low in urine, large quantity of urine can be easily obtained. In order to analyze urinary EMV mRNA, a unique filter device to adsorb urinary EMV from 10 mL urine was developed, which is far more convenient than the standard ultracentrifugation protocol. The filter part of the device is detachable and aligned to a 96-well microplate format, therefore multiple samples can be processed simultaneously in a high throughput manner following the isolation step. For EMV mRNA quantification, the EMV on the filter is lysed directly by adding lysis buffer and transferred to an oligo(dT)-immobilized microplate for mRNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR. Under the optimized assay condition, our method provided comparable or even superior results to the standard ultracentrifugation method in terms of mRNA assay sensitivity, linearity, intra-assay reproducibility, and ease of use. The assay system was applied to quantification of kidney-specific mRNAs such as NPHN and PDCN (glomerular filtration), SLC12A1 (tubular absorption), UMOD and ALB (tubular secretion), and AQP2 (collecting duct water absorption). 12-hour urine samples were collected from four healthy subjects for two weeks, and dayto-day and individual-to-individual variations were investigated. Kidney-specific genes as well as control genes (GAPDH, ACTB, etc.) were successfully detected and confirmed their stable expressions through the two-week study period. In conclusion, this method is readily available to clinical studies of kidney diseases.
A new method to manufacture parylene microcapillaries (2018)

A new way to fabricate extremely long and uniform Parylene microcapillaries with a minimum inner diameter of 3 μm and a length exceeding 30 cm is reported here. The method starts with drawing sacrificial poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) fibers from its chloroform solution and then forms hollow capillaries by coating the fibers with Parylene and removing the sacrificial PEC at its thermolytic temperature. For the fiber drawing, the relation of fiber diameter to other parameters including drawing speed, fiber aspect ratio, solution viscosity and solvent evaporation rate are studied at 0 and 25 °C. It is found that 0 °C is near the optimal temperature in terms of fiber diameter uniformity. Finally, this work also reports a self-expelling mechanism of the molten PEC at its thermolytic temperature from inside the Parylene-coated PEC fibers, which greatly reduces the sacrificial time to only tens of minutes.
Dual-modality arterial pulse monitoring system for continuous blood pressure measurement (2016)

Accurate and ambulatory measurement of blood pressure (BP) is essential for efficient diagnosis, management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, traditional cuff-based BP measurement methods provide only intermittent BP readings and can cause discomfort with the occlusive cuff. Although pulse transit time (PTT) method is promising for cuffless and continuous BP measurement, its pervasive use is restricted by its limited accuracy and requirement of placing sensors on multiple body sites. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel dual-modality arterial pulse monitoring system for continuous blood pressure measurement, which simultaneously records the pressure and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals of radial artery. The obtained signals can be used to generate a pressure-volume curve, from which the elasticity index (EI) and viscosity index (VI) can be extracted. Experiments were carried out among 7 healthy subjects with their PPG, ECG, arterial pressure wave and reference BP collected to examine the effectiveness of the proposed indexes. The results of this study demonstrate that a linear regression model combining EI and VI has significantly higher BP tracking correlation coefficient as compared to the PTT method. This suggests that the proposed system and method can potentially be used for convenient and continuous blood pressure estimation with higher accuracy.
A novel navigation paradigm for XML repositories (2002)

Abstract The advances in storage and communications enable users to store massive amounts of data, and to share it seamlessly with their peers. With the advent of XML, we expect a significant portion of this data to be in XML format. We describe here the architecture and implementation of an XML repository that promotes a novel navigation paradigm for XML documents based on content and context. Support for these capabilities is achieved by bringing to bear the organizational power of information retrieval to the domain of semistructured documents. File systems remain the preferred storage infrastructure for the home and business desktop environments. We have built a system, XMLFS, based on the ideas stated above. XMLFS presents a storage abstraction that manifests itself to the client as a familiar file system. However, it breaks the tight coupling between the directory hierarchical structure and the file system. XMLFS creates automatically a directory organization of any XML document collection based on content and context. Each user can navigate through the file system according to her/his domain of interest at that point in time. Our result is a first step towards a solution to the discovery and navigation problems presented by the collective repositories of XML documents in peer‐to‐peer environments.
Partially–grounded depressed beam collector for the O-MBK and beyond (2017)

To address RF source inefficiency, we present a design of an L-band multi-beam klystron with a new type of depressed collector. It comprises a grounded element, a magnetic lens, and an electrode held at negative potential. This collector allows recovery of a larger portion of energy in the spent electron beams than could a conventional depressed collector, and will increase the tube efficiency towards 80 % in a single stage.
Preprocessing method for DCT-based image-compression (2006)

This paper describes a preprocessing method for DCT-based image compression, which is independent of the compression process. The method predicts the likelihood that visible distortion appears at each location, and applies filtering accordingly. For prediction, an auto-correlation function is utilized as an index to estimate the distribution of the power spectrum. This process improves the image quality of the resulting compressed image by reducing the ringing distortions
Virtual Point Source Synthesis method for 3D Scintillation Detector Characterization (2021)

A novel data-processing method was developed to facilitate scintillation detector characterization. Combined with fan-beam calibration, this method can be used to quickly and conveniently calibrate gamma-ray detectors for SPECT, PET, homeland security or astronomy. Compared with traditional calibration methods, this new technique can accurately calibrate a photon-counting detector, including DOI information, with greatly reduced time. The enabling part of this technique is fan-beam scanning combined with a data-processing strategy called the common-data subset (CDS) method, which was used to synthesize the detector's mean detector response functions (MDRFs). Using this approach, $2N$ scans ($N$ in x and $N$ in y direction) are necessary to finish calibration of a 2D detector as opposed to $N^2$ scans with a pencil beam. For a 3D detector calibration, only $3N$ scans are necessary to achieve the 3D detector MDRFs that include DOI information. Moreover, this calibration technique can be used for detectors with complicated or irregular MDRFs. We present both Monte-Carlo simulations and experimental results that support the feasibility of this method.
The influence of temperature and salinity variability on the upper ocean density and mixed layer (2010)

Abstract. The relative influence of both temperature and salinity on the mixed layer depth (MLD) is evaluated using a relationship of binned regressions of MLD on vertical density compensation and isothermal layer depth (ILD) from a global set of in situ profile observations. Our approach is inspired by the observations of the difference between the MLD and the sonic layer depth (SLD) that evolve seasonally around the global ocean. In this article, we hypothesize that vertical density compensation governs SLD-MLD differences and can be used for mapping the relative influence of temperature and salinity on upper ocean structure. The Turner angle, computed between the surface and 200 m (bulk Turner angle, BTA), serves as a measure of vertical density compensation that quantifies times and areas where either temperature or salinity is destabilizing. For temperature destabilization the ocean exhibits cool/fresh overlying hot/salty water. For salinity destabilization the ocean exhibits hot/salty overlying cool/fresh water. These two classes of density compensation have seasonal variability with different geographical characteristics. Profiles with salinity controlled stable density and destabilizing temperature gradient are found most often at high latitudes. Profiles with temperature controlled stable density and destabilizing salinity gradient are found in the tropics and subtropics of all oceans. Results indicate that about half of the ocean has vertical density compensation that is a necessary condition for SLD-MLD differences. While density compensation is necessary, it is not a sufficient condition for predicting the dependence of MLD on BTA. Density compensation is the dominant factor in MLD variability in heavy river input and subduction regions that cover only ~14% of the ocean.
An alternative TIS measurement method for RSSI reporting based wireless mobile stations (2008)

A total isotropic sensitivity measurement method is presented in this paper. Mobile radiated sensitivity and antenna gain are measured separately. The antenna gain is measured using a receive signal strength indicator reporting. Solutions to RSSI reporting inaccuracy and poor resolution are also provided.
Master-Slave Robotic System for Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures (2006)

Flexible endoscopy is used to inspect and treat disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract without the need for creating an artificial opening on the patient's body. Simple surgical procedures (like polypectomy and biopsy) can be performed by introducing a flexible tool via a working channel to reach the site of interest at the distal end. More technically demanding surgical procedures like hemostasis for arterial bleeding, or suturing to mend a perforation cannot be effectively achieved with flexible endoscopy. The proposed robotic system enables the endoscopist to perform technically demanding therapeutic procedures (currently possible only with open surgery) in conjunction with conventional flexible endoscopes. The robotic system consists of a master console and a slave. The latter is a cable driven flexible robotic manipulator that can be inserted into tool channel of existing endoscopes or attached in tandem to the endoscopes. Together with the real time endoscopic view, the endoscopist would be capable of performing more intricate and difficult surgical procedures.
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging systems for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment (1998)

3D ultrasound imaging system for imaging the prostate can be interfaced to any conventional ultrasound machine, and can accommodate side-firing transrectal ultrasound transducers. After acquiring a series of 2D ultrasound images, a 3D image is reconstructed. The 3D image is available to the physician, allowing the prostate to be viewed interactively in multiple simultaneous planes, allowing better visualization of its internal architecture. This approach allows the physician to record and view the whole prostate in successive examinations, making 3D TRUS well-suited to performing prospective or follow-up studies. The results indicate that 3D ultrasound imaging of the prostate has great potential as a tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of prostate disease.
Development of an aluminum alloy valve for an extremely high vacuum system (1990)

An aluminum alloy manually operated right angle valve of bellows type, having conflat flanges (CF) of 1.33 in. in outer diameter, was developed for aluminum alloy extremely high vacuum (XHV) systems. To reduce the total outgassing from the inner surface of the valve, all inner surfaces were finished in an oxygen and argon atmosphere (EX process) with the exception of the bellows whose outer surface was chemically polished. To obtain an extremely low leak rate adequate for the XHV system, a sealing principle of a combination of a mirror‐finished surface with a TiC hard coating and an aluminum Helicoflex seal was applied to the seat and other sealing parts of the valve. Using a new method for measuring the leak rate with a new type quadrupole residual gas analyzer, it was confirmed that the magnitude of the leak rate of the valve was of the order of 10−14 Torr ℓ/s. The operating life was more than 5000 opening/closing cycles, compared with a few hundred operations in the conventional valves. In addition, the cycle life of a new aluminum alloy gasket with a mirror‐finished surface was tested and it required half the force to seal as compared to the original Helicoflex seal.
Improved Ligation Specificity with Chemically Modified Ligation Components (2013)

Ligases are gaining utility in molecular biology applications, such as nucleotide sequence detection, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, protein detection and “next generation” sequencing by ligation. With the increased demand for DNA ligases in the field of biotechnology, comes increased demand for ligation fidelity. Described approaches to improved ligation fidelity include ligases from different biological sources, point mutations of key amino acid residues within the ligase, modified reaction conditions and addition of crowding reagents, such as PEG. Although most approaches to improved ligation fidelity have focused on the ligase itself, further improvements are needed and may be attainable by a different approach. Herein a strategy to improve the discrimination between matched and mismatched targets is described which employs chemical modification to the nucleic acid components of the reaction, such as the donor probe, the acceptor probe and the ATP cofactor. The results demonstrate that chemically modified components increase the stringency of DNA ligase-mediated nucleic acid detection, providing a unique approach for SNP genotyping.
Secure outsourced aggregation via one-way chains (2009)

We consider the Outsourced Aggregation model, where sensing services outsource their sensor data collection and aggregation tasks to third-party service providers called aggregators. As aggregators can be untrusted or compromised, it is essential for a sensing service to be able to verify the correctness of aggregation results. This work presents SECOA, a framework with a family of novel and optimally-secure protocols for secure outsourced aggregation. Our framework is based on a unified use of one-way chains. It supports a large and diverse set of aggregate functions, can have multiple hierarchically organized aggregators, can deterministically detect any malicious aggregation behavior without communication with sensors, and incurs a small and workload-independent communication load on sensors. We also present extensive evaluation results to demonstrate the feasibility of our framework.
Toward an ultrasonic Internet of medical things (2022)

Wireless networked systems of “smart” miniaturized and electronically controlled implantable or wearable medical sensors and actuators will be the basis of many innovative and potentially revolutionary therapies and applications. The main obstacle in realizing this vision of smart networked implants is posed by the dielectric nature of the human body, which strongly attenuates radio-frequency electromagnetic waves used in traditional wireless technologies such as Bluetooth or WiFi. This talk will give an overview of our work exploring a radically different approach, i.e., establishing wireless networked systems in human tissues that transfer data and energy through acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequencies. We will start off by discussing applications of networked implantable medical systems.We will then analyze fundamental aspects of ultrasonic propagation in human tissues and their impact on the design of wireless networking protocols at different layers of the networking protocol stack. We will then review our work on designing and prototyping ultrasonically rechargeable and connected Internet-of-Things platforms through a closed-loop combination of mathematical modeling, simulation, and experimental evaluation.