gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Cloud Network Control with Strict Latency Constraints (2021)

The timely delivery of resource-intensive and latency-sensitive services (e.g., industrial automation, augmented reality) over distributed computing networks (e.g., mobile edge computing) is drawing increasing attention. Motivated by the insufficiency of average delay performance guarantees provided by existing studies, we focus on the critical goal of delivering next generation real-time services ahead of corresponding deadlines on a per-packet basis, while minimizing overall cloud network resource cost. We introduce a novel queuing system that is able to track data packets’ lifetime and formalize the optimal cloud network control problem with strict deadline constraints. After illustrating the main challenges in delivering packets to their destinations before getting dropped due to lifetime expiry, we construct an equivalent formulation, where relaxed flow conservation allows leveraging Lyapunov optimization to derive a provably near-optimal fully distributed algorithm for the original problem. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis and show the superior performance of the proposed control policy compared with state-of-the-art cloud network control.
Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors (2018)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.
Genomes of evolutionarily divergent members of the human T-cell leukemia virus family (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) are highly conserved, especially in pX. (1984)

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is a family of related human T-lymphotropic retroviruses closely linked with certain human T-cell malignancies and associated with many cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We isolated and molecularly cloned HTLV from patients with both types of clinical disorders and found by restriction endonuclease mapping and core and envelope protein analysis that at least two evolutionarily divergent viral subgroups exist, HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Previous studies have failed to detect significant nucleotide sequence homology between HTLV-I and HTLV-II even though these different members of the HTLV family share certain biologic properties such as T-cell tropism and transformation. To further test these viruses for conserved regions in their genomes, we examined hybridization between HTLV-I and HTLV-II by using Southern blotting and heteroduplex mapping at different melting points. These two techniques produced similar results, showing that HTLV-I and HTLV-II proviruses have, in fact, strongly conserved nucleotide sequences in the pX region and lesser although still substantial homology in the LTR, gag, pol, and env regions. These data provide experimental evidence that HTLV-II, like HTLV-I, contains pX sequences. Although the function of pX is unknown, its conservation in evolutionarily divergent human T-lymphotropic viruses implies a biologically important function. It is possible, but unproven, that pX could encode proteins involved in T-cell tropism, cell transformation, immune suppression, or other biologic actions characteristic of the HTLV family.
Human metapneumovirus infection activates the TSLP pathway that drives excessive pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in mice (2015)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. The mechanism by which this virus triggers an inflammatory response still remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) pathway contributes to lung inflammation upon hMPV infection. We found that hMPV infection promotes TSLP expression both in human airway epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. hMPV infection induced lung infiltration of OX40L(+) CD11b(+) DCs. Mice lacking the TSLP receptor deficient mice (tslpr(-/-) ) showed reduced lung inflammation and hMPV replication. These mice displayed a decreased number of neutrophils as well a reduction in levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α in the airways upon hMPV infection. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was found in tslpr(-/-) mice compared to WT mice, which could contribute to controlling viral spread. Depletion of neutrophils in WT and tslpr(-/-) mice decreased inflammation and hMPV replication. Remarkably, blockage of TSLP or OX40L with specific Abs reduced lung inflammation and viral replication following hMPV challenge in mice. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the TSLP pathway is pivotal in the development of pulmonary pathology and pulmonary hMPV replication.
COSYN: Hardware-software co-synthesis of heterogeneous distributed embedded systems (1999)

Hardware-software co-synthesis starts with an embedded-system specification and results in an architecture consisting of hardware and software modules to meet performance, power, and cost goals. Embedded systems are generally specified in terms of a set of acyclic task graphs. In this paper, we present a co-synthesis algorithm COSYN, which starts with periodic task graphs with real-time constraints and produces a low-cost heterogeneous distributed embedded-system architecture meeting these constraints. It supports both concurrent and sequential modes of communication and computation. It employs a combination of preemptive and nonpreemptive static scheduling. It allows task graphs in which different tasks have different deadlines. It introduces the concept of an association array to tackle the problem of multirate systems. It uses a new task-clustering technique, which takes the changing nature of the critical path in the task graph into account. It supports pipelining of task graphs and a mix of various technologies to meet embedded-system constraints and minimize power dissipation. In general, embedded-system tasks are reused across multiple functions. COSYN uses the concept of architectural hints and reuse to exploit this fact. Finally, if desired, it also optimizes the architecture for power consumption. COSYN produces optimal results for the examples from the literature while providing several orders of magnitude advantage in central processing unit time over an existing optimal algorithm. The efficacy of COSYN and its low-power extension COSYN-LP is also established through their application to very large task graphs (with over 1000 tasks).
A comprehensive HPV-STI NGS assay for detection of 29 HPV types and 14 non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (2022)

The ChapterDx HPV-STI NGS assay is a user-friendly, easy to automate and cost-efficient assay, which provides accurate and comprehensive results for a wide spectrum of HPVs and STIs.
Harmonically decoupled gradient light interference microscopy (HD-GLIM) (2020)

Differential phase sensitive methods, such as Nomarski microscopy, play an important role in quantitative phase imaging due to their compatibility with partially coherent illumination and excellent optical sectioning ability. In this Letter, we propose a new system, to the best of our knowledge, to retrieve differential phase information from transparent samples. It is based on a 4f optical system with an amplitude-type spatial light modulator (SLM), which removes the need for traditional differential interference contrast (DIC) optics and specialized phase-only SLMs. We demonstrate the principle of harmonically decoupled gradient light interference microscopy using standard samples, as well as static and dynamic biospecimens.
At-wavelength alignment and testing of the 0.3 NA MET optic (2004)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interferometry has been successfully performed for the first time at 0.3 numerical aperture (NA). Extensive EUV “at-wavelength” testing including alignment, was performed on a newly created Micro Exposure Tool (MET) optic designed for sub-50-nm EUV lithographic imaging experiments. The two-mirror, 0.3 NA MET is among the highest resolution light-projection lithography tools ever made. Using both lateral shearing and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry, the wavefront was measured across the field of view, and the alignment was optimized in preparation for imaging. The wavefront quality reached 0.55nm RMS (λEUV∕24.5) in a 37-term annular Zernike polynomial series, dominated by higher-order spherical aberration. Measurements included calibrations of the interferometer accuracy, assessment of repeatability, and cross-comparisons of visible and EUV interferometric measurements.
PP2A-activating drugs selectively eradicate TKI-resistant chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells (2013)

The success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) depends on the requirement for BCR-ABL1 kinase activity in CML progenitors. However, CML quiescent HSCs are TKI resistant and represent a BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent disease reservoir. Here we have shown that persistence of leukemic HSCs in BM requires inhibition of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and expression--but not activity--of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. Examination of HSCs from CML patients and healthy individuals revealed that PP2A activity was suppressed in CML compared with normal HSCs. TKI-resistant CML quiescent HSCs showed increased levels of BCR-ABL1, but very low kinase activity. BCR-ABL1 expression, but not kinase function, was required for recruitment of JAK2, activation of a JAK2/β-catenin survival/self-renewal pathway, and inhibition of PP2A. PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) markedly reduced survival and self-renewal of CML quiescent HSCs, but not normal quiescent HSCs, through BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent and PP2A-mediated inhibition of JAK2 and β-catenin. This led to suppression of human leukemic, but not normal, HSC/progenitor survival in BM xenografts and interference with long-term maintenance of BCR-ABL1-positive HSCs in serial transplantation assays. Targeting the JAK2/PP2A/β-catenin network in quiescent HSCs with PADs (e.g., FTY720) has the potential to treat TKI-refractory CML and relieve lifelong patient dependence on TKIs.
A new method for the isolation of aminoacylase from mammalian kidneys. (1980)

Aminoacylase (E.C. 3.5.1.14) was isolated from the kidneys of different mammalian species (horse, cattle, rabbit and pig) by extracting the organ with water and subjecting the extract to heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 10 min, then, after having removed denatured proteins by fractionating those remaining in the solution by ammonium sulfate. The enzyme obtained in this way can either be used directly for practical purposes (e.g. preparation of immobilized aminoacylase) or further purified by chromatography. For the further purification of porcine kidney aminoacylase we applied a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration.
Compact fluorescence and white-light imaging system for intraoperative visualization of nerves (2012)

Fluorescence image guided surgery (FIGS) allows intraoperative visualization of critical structures, with applications spanning neurology, cardiology and oncology. An unmet clinical need is prevention of iatrogenic nerve damage, a major cause of post-surgical morbidity. Here we describe the advancement of FIGS imaging hardware, coupled with a custom nerve-labeling fluorophore (GE3082), to bring FIGS nerve imaging closer to clinical translation. The instrument is comprised of a 405 nm laser and a white light LED source for excitation and illumination. A single 90 gram color CCD camera is coupled to a 10 mm surgical laparoscope for image acquisition. Synchronization of the light source and camera allows for simultaneous visualization of reflected white light and fluorescence using only a single camera. The imaging hardware and contrast agent were evaluated in rats during <i>in situ</i> surgical procedures.
A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of the Antiviral Agent Lobucavir, BMS-180194. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionA Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of the Antiviral Agent Lobucavir, BMS-180194.Janak Singh, Gregory S. Bisacchi, Saleem Ahmad, Jollie D. Godfrey, Thomas P. Kissick, Toomas Mitt, Octavian Kocy, Truc Vu, Chris G. Papaioannou, Michael K. Wong, James E. Heikes, Robert Zahler, and Richard H. MuellerCite this: Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 1999, 3, 3, 235Publication Date (Web):January 21, 1999Publication History Published online21 January 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op990004shttps://doi.org/10.1021/op990004scorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous, noninvasive monitoring of total hemoglobin concentration by an optoacoustic technique (2004)

Measurement of total hemoglobin concentration [Hgb] is a blood test that is widely used to evaluate outpatients, hospital inpatients, and surgical patients, especially those undergoing surgery associated with extensive blood loss, rapid fluid administration, and transfusion of packed red blood cells. Current techniques for measurement of [Hgb] are invasive (requiring blood sampling) and cannot provide real-time, continuous monitoring. We propose to use an optoacoustic technique for noninvasive and continuous monitoring of [Hgb]. The high resolution of the optoacoustic technique may provide accurate measurement of [Hgb] by detection and analysis of optoacoustic signals induced by short optical pulses in blood circulating in arteries or veins. We designed, built, and tested in vitro (in both tissue phantoms and in preliminary in vivo experiments) a portable optoacoustic system for the monitoring of [Hgb] in the radial artery. The system includes a nanosecond laser operating in the near-infrared spectral range and a sensitive optoacoustic probe designed to irradiate the radial artery through the skin and detect optoacoustic signals induced in blood. Results of our studies demonstrated that (1) the slope of optoacoustic waves induced in blood in the transmission mode is linearly dependent on [Hgb] in the range from 6.2 to 12.4 g/dl, (2) optoacoustic signals can be detected despite optical attenuation in turbid tissue phantoms with a thickness of 1 cm, and (3) the optoacoustic system detects signals induced in blood circulating in the radial artery. These data suggest that the optoacoustic system can be used for accurate, noninvasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of [Hgb].
P‐151: Color Filter Liquid‐Crystal‐on‐Silicon Microdisplays (2005)

Abstract We present a color liquid‐crystal‐on‐silicon microdisplay that integrates color filters on silicon for colors. Fabrication parameters, color purity and light stability of this breed of microdisplays were characterized. A single‐panel WXGA color projector based on this color filter microdisplay technology was demonstrated.
Viewpoint-invariant learning and detection of human heads (2002)

We present a method to learn models of human heads for the purpose of detection from different viewing angles. We focus on a model where objects are represented as constellations of rigid features (parts). Variability is represented by a joint probability density function (PDF) on the shape of the constellation. In the first stage, the method automatically identifies distinctive features in the training set using an interest operator followed by vector quantization. The set of model parameters, including the shape PDF, is then learned using expectation maximization. Experiments show good generalization performance to novel viewpoints and unseen faces. Performance is above 90% correct with less than 1 s computation time per image.
Pulsed and CW performance of 7-stage interband cascade lasers (2014)

We report a narrow-ridge interband cascade laser emitting at λ ≈3.5 μm that produces up to 592 mW of cw power with a wallplug efficiency of 10.1% and beam quality factor of M(2) = 3.7 at T = 25 °C. A pulsed cavity length study of broad-area lasers from the same wafer confirms that the 7-stage structure with thicker separate confinement layers has a reduced internal loss of ≈3 cm(-1). More generally, devices from a large number of wafers with similar 7-stage designs and wavelengths spanning 2.95-4.7 μm exhibit consistently higher pulsed external differential quantum efficiencies than earlier state-of-the-art ICLs.
Fast Disinfection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Bacteria Using Carbon Nanotubes Interaction with Microwave Radiation (2013)

Water disinfection has attracted the attention of scientists worldwide due to water scarcity. The most significant challenges are determining how to achieve proper disinfection without producing harmful byproducts obtained usually using conventional chemical disinfectants and developing new point-of-use methods for the removal and inactivation of waterborne pathogens. The removal of contaminants and reuse of the treated water would provide significant reductions in cost, time, liabilities, and labour to the industry and result in improved environmental stewardship. The present study demonstrates a new approach for the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water using as-produced and modified/functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 1-octadecanol groups (C18) under the effect of microwave irradiation. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterise the morphological/structural and thermal properties of CNTs. The 1-octadecanol (C18) functional group was attached to the surface of CNTs via Fischer esterification. The produced CNTs were tested for their efficiency in destroying the pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in water with and without the effect of microwave radiation. A low removal rate (3-5%) of (E. coli) bacteria was obtained when CNTs alone were used, indicating that CNTs did not cause bacterial cellular death. When combined with microwave radiation, the unmodified CNTs were able to remove up to 98% of bacteria from water, while a higher removal of bacteria (up to 100%) was achieved when CNTs-C18 was used under the same conditions.
Klinkenberg Slippage Effect in the Permeability Computations of Shale Gas by the Pore-scale Simulations (2015)

The prediction of permeability (i.e., apparent permeability) for the shale gas is challenging due to the Klinkenberg slippage effect that depends on the pore size and gas pressure. A recent Monte Carlo molecular simulation method (i.e., DSBGK method) is employed to accurately compute the permeability by the pore-scale simulations at different pressures. The computed results of a benchmark problem proposed here are used to verify the accuracy of the simple Klinkenberg correlation model, which relates the permeability to the intrinsic permeability (i.e., liquid permeability) and pressure. The verification shows that the Klinkenberg correlation model as a fitting formula is appropriate for the industry applications since the relative error is small in the whole range of the flow regime as long as it has been calibrated for each particular rock sample at the two ends with low and high pressures, respectively, by determining the model parameters using accurate permeability data that can be obtained by the scheme presented herein.
Abstract B86: Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 functions simultaneously, mediates potent antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic efficiency (2013)

Abstract Purpose: VEGF-A blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Experimental Design: We have recently described a novel generic method for the production of bivalent bispecific human IgG1 antibodies. Subsequently, we have applied the CrossMab technology for the generation of a bispecific antibody recognizing VEGF-A with one arm based on Bevacizumab, and the other arm recognizing Ang-2 based on LC06, a highly Ang-2 selective human IgG1 antibody. Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using molecular, biochemical, cellular and histological analyses to determine its pharmacologic properties, along with its mechanism of action. Results: Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab showed potent tumor growth inhibition in a panel of orthotopic and subcutaneous syngeneic mouse tumors and patient and cell line-derived human tumor xenografts at both early and late stages of tumor development. Furthermore, a strong inhibition of angiogenesis and an enhanced vessel normalization phenotype were observed. In contrast to Ang-1 inhibition, anti-Ang-2-VEGF-A treatment did not aggravate the adverse effect of anti-VEGF treatment on physiological vessels. Moreover, treatment with Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab resulted in inhibition of hematogenous spread of tumor cells to other organs and reduced micrometastatic growth in the adjuvant setting. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab mediates potent anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic efficacy and represents a promising therapeutic agent for the therapy of cancer. Citation Format: Erica Lorenzon, Yvonne Kienast, Romi Raemsch, Werner Scheuer, Frank Herting, Dirk Bernicke, Wolfgang Schaefer, Joerg Regula, Kay Stubenrauch, Sidney Yu, Huynh Hung The, Laurent Martarello, Christian Klein, Markus Thomas. Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 functions simultaneously, mediates potent antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic efficiency. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B86.
Polarisation-insensitive lightwave receiver using optical amplifiers (1988)

A polarisation-insensitive, direct-detection receiver with optical preamplifiers is demonstrated, which has a sensitivity of −29.2 dBm at 1.3 μm and 4 Gbit/s.