gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colonization by <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> in adult periodontitis patients as detected by the antibody‐based Evalusite Test (1996)

Studies were performed to evaluate the detection of disease-associated bacterial colonization in adult periodontitis patients by the antibody-based Evalusite TestTM (Eastman Kodak Company). The association of test results with disease was assessed by collecting 104 duplicate subgingival plaque samples from 26 patients. Samples were tested for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia using both microbiological culture and the immunoassay test. The sensitivity and specificity of the 2 methods was calculated using %s of positive results in deep periodontal pockets and negative results in shallow subgingival sites. A cutoff >10(4) cultivable counts yielded the greatest discrimination between health and disease on a cross-sectional basis and established this threshold as clinically relevant for the detection of disease-associated levels of bacterial colonization by these three microorganisms. The clinical detection limit of the immunoassay test was observed to coincide with this threshold of >10(4) cultivable counts. Microbiological testing of the 4 deepest pockets using the immunoassay test was determined to be sufficient to yield a 90% confidence of detecting positive patients in a study with 59 adult subjects. The immunoassay test method was also demonstrated to be effective at detecting bacterial colonization in sets of paper point samples that were pooled for analysis. An overall agreement of 94% (288 of 306) was observed when comparing test results for duplicate sets of pooled and individual samples collected from 51 patients. These studies demonstrate that the Evalusite Test is an effective method for detecting clinically relevant colonization by the test bacteria in patients at risk for periodontal disease.
xLi<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>(1-x)LiNiCoMnO<sub>2</sub> Coated by Lithium Metal Phosphate (2010)

Abstract not Available.
<i>In vivo</i> RNA targeting of point mutations via suppressor tRNAs and adenosine deaminases (2017)

ABSTRACT Point mutations underlie many genetic diseases. In this regard, while programmable DNA nucleases have been used to repair mutations, their use for gene therapy poses multiple challenges: one, efficiency of homologous recombination is typically low in cells; two, an active nuclease presents a risk of introducing permanent off-target mutations; and three, prevalent programmable nucleases typically comprise elements of non-human origin raising the potential of in vivo immunogenicity. In light of these, approaches to instead directly target RNA, and use of molecular machinery native to the host would be highly desirable. Towards this, we engineered and optimized two complementary approaches, referred together hereon as tRiAD , based on the use of tR NAs i n codon suppression and a denosine d eaminases in RNA editing. Specifically, by delivering modified endogenous tRNAs and/or the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 and an associated guiding RNA (adRNA) via adeno-associated viruses, we enabled premature stop codon read-through and correction in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy that harbors a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene. We further demonstrated inducible restoration of dystrophin expression by pyrolysyl-tRNA mediated incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) at the stop codon. Additionally, we also engineered ADAR2 mediated correction of a point mutation in liver RNA of the spf ash mouse model of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Taken together, our results establish the use of suppressor tRNAs and ADAR2 for in vivo RNA targeting, and this integrated tRiAD approach is robust, genomically scarless, and potentially non-immunogenic as it utilizes effector RNAs and human proteins.
An HVS-Directed Neural-Network-Based Image Resolution Enhancement Scheme for Image Resizing (2007)

In this paper, a novel human visual system (HVS)-directed neural-network-based adaptive interpolation scheme for natural image is proposed. A fuzzy decision system built from the characteristics of the HVS is proposed to classify pixels of the input image into human perception nonsensitive class and sensitive class. Bilinear interpolation is used to interpolate the nonsensitive regions and a neural network is proposed to interpolate the sensitive regions along edge directions. High-resolution digital images along with supervised learning algorithms are used to automatically train the proposed neural network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed new resolution enhancement algorithm can produce a higher visual quality for the interpolated image than the conventional interpolation methods.
Energy-Based Feature Extraction for Defect Diagnosis in Rotary Machines (2009)

This paper presents an energy-based approach to defect diagnosis in rotary machines and machine components, which enhances the ability of the continuous wavelet transform in feature extraction from vibration signals. Specifically, the energy content of the wavelet coefficients of vibration signal measured on rolling bearings has been evaluated for selecting appropriate base wavelet and decomposition scale such that identification of defect-induced signal features is significantly improved. Through subsequent envelope spectral analysis of the extracted signal features, the location of structural defect in the bearing being monitored can be identified. An experimental study performed on two ball bearings has shown that the developed approach is more effective in diagnosing bearing defects than using the traditional techniques.
Association rule mining to understand GMDs and their effects on power systems (2016)

Control room operators play an important role in mitigating the effects of disturbances on the power grid. We focus on solar storms and geomagnetic disturbances in this paper. Providing operators with advanced tools that reveal relationships between variables that characterize events in real-time enables faster response. For complex events such as GIC (geomagnetically induced currents), the output of the tool should validate domain knowledge to build trust with the operator. In this paper, we apply association rule mining to discover relationships between physical variables from multiple sources of data relevant to GMDs. We aligned features extracted from ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) satellite measurements with features extracted from terrestrial magnetometer measurements. We mapped these features during solar storms in 2015 to GIC grid event data processed from synchrophasor streams. Then, we discovered relationships or rules between features relevant for predicting the effects of solar storms on the grid and evaluated our results on the 2015 data. By looking at the predictive value of selected features, we find that features most relevant to GIC vary depending on the prediction latency, reflecting the complex, physical dynamics of GMDs.
Organic Dyes with Hydrazone Moieties: A Study of Correlation between Structure and Performance in the Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

New metal-free organic dyes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, employing a hydrazone fragment, have been synthesized and investigated. These sensitizers are obtained from relatively cheap starting materials, without the use of expensive catalysts, rigorously anhydrous or oxygen-free conditions. Correlation between the structure of hydrazone-containing dyes and the performance of the solid-state DSSC is investigated. The highest obtained solid-state device conversion efficiency, under standard AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm–2), was 4.5% (JSC = 8.03 mA cm–2, VOC = 880 mV, FF = 0.64).
Extracting patterns from location history (2011)

In this paper, we describe how a user's location history (recorded by tracking the user's mobile device location with his permission) is used to extract the user's location patterns. We describe how we compute the user's commonly visited places (including home and work), and commute patterns. The analysis is displayed on the Google Latitude history dashboard [7] which is only accessible to the user.
A fractional- N frequency synthesizer architecture utilizing a mismatch compensated PFD/DAC structure for reduced quantization-induced phase noise. (2003)

Techniques are proposed to dramatically reduce the impact of quantization noise in /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ fractional-N synthesizers, thereby improving the existing tradeoff between phase noise and bandwidth that exists in these systems. The key innovation is the introduction of new techniques to overcome nonidealities in a phase-frequency detector (PFD)/digital-to-analog converter (DAC) structure, which combines the functionality of both phase detector and cancellation DAC into a single element. The proposed architecture achieves better gain matching between the phase-error signal and cancellation DAC than offered by previous approaches. Dynamic element matching techniques are introduced to mitigate the effects of PFD/DAC unit element and timing mismatch on synthesizer phase noise performance. We present behavioral simulations of an example application of this technique that demonstrates 36 dB reduction in broad-band quantization-induced phase noise with the use of a 7-b PFD/DAC. Simulations further demonstrate that fractional spurs are rejected to levels <-90 dBc when a low-cost, low-overhead digital gain correction technique is employed.
Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone as a potential effector for survival and proliferation of pancreatic islets (2010)

Therapeutic strategies for transplantation of pancreatic islet cells are urgently needed to expand beta-cell mass by stimulating islet cell proliferation and/or prolonging islet cell survival. Control of the islets by different growth factors provides a potential venue for augmenting beta-cell mass. In the present study, we show the expression of the biologically active splice variant-1 (SV-1) of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor in rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells as well as in rat and human pancreatic islets. In studies in vitro of INS-1 cells, the GHRH agonist JI-36 caused a significant increase in cell proliferation and a reduction of cell apoptosis. JI-36 increased islet size and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated rat islets after 48-72 h. At the ultrastructural level, INS-1 cells treated with agonist JI-36 revealed a metabolic active stimulation state with increased cytoplasm. Coincubation with the GHRH antagonist MIA-602 reversed the actions of the agonist JI-36, indicating the specificity of this agonist. In vivo, the function of pancreatic islets was assessed by transplantation of rat islets under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. Islets treated with GHRH agonist JI-36 were able to achieve normoglycemia earlier and more consistently than untreated islets. Furthermore, in contrast to diabetic animals transplanted with untreated islets, insulin response to an i.p. glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in animals receiving islets treated with agonist Jl-36 was comparable to that of normal healthy mice. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that agonists of GHRH represent a promising pharmacological therapy aimed at promoting islet graft growth and proliferation in diabetic patients.
DNA Based Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike-CD40L Fusion Protein Confers Protection Against Challenge in a Syrian Hamster Model (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 infections present a tremendous threat to public health. Safe and efficacious vaccines are the most effective means in preventing the infections. A variety of vaccines have demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety around the globe. Yet, development of alternative forms of vaccines remains beneficial, particularly those with simpler production processes, less stringent storage conditions, and the capability of being used in heterologous prime/boost regimens which have shown improved efficacy against many diseases. Here we reported a novel DNA vaccine comprised of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fused with CD40 ligand (CD40L) serving as both a targeting ligand and molecular adjuvant. A single intramuscular injection in Syrian hamsters induced significant neutralizing antibodies 3-weeks after vaccination, with a boost substantially improving immune responses. Moreover, the vaccine also reduced weight loss and suppressed viral replication in the lungs and nasal turbinates of challenged animals. Finally, the incorporation of CD40L into the DNA vaccine was shown to reduce lung pathology more effectively than the DNA vaccine devoid of CD40L. These results collectively indicate that this DNA vaccine candidate could be further explored because of its efficacy and known safety profile.
Electronic Sensing of Tastes (1998)

The principles and applications of taste sensors based on lipid/polymer membranes and multichannel electrodes are discussed. Various aspects of the taste recognition and signal transduction or processing are discussed, along with various practical examples.
Vaccination to prevent type 1 diabetes (2002)

Immune-based interventions to treat or prevent autoimmune disorders are opening up entirely novel therapeutic avenues. Presently, systemic immune modulators such as antibodies to cytokines or cell-surface molecules (i.e., costimulators) are undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. The next generation of interventions will function in an antigen-specific way. These strategies are more difficult to design, because successful immunization or vaccination has to be monitored on an individual basis and dose/route/timing considerations play an essential role. Both will be discussed in this chapter and suitable combinatorial approaches will be suggested.
Rapid crystallization and controllable growth of perovskite thin films via a seeded approach (2019)

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to high efficiency, easy fabrication, and low-cost solution processes. One of the keys to achieve high-performance cost-effective PVSCs is to attain rapid crystallization with controlled morphology of the perovskite films. Herein, the authors report a technique for the rapid crystallization of perovskite with tunable crystal grain size and morphology via a seeded approach. Specifically, a solution of lead iodide (PbI2) was spin coated on a substrate, and a low-concentration solution of methylammonium iodide (MAI) was dropped onto the PbI2 film to form perovskite seeds prior to introducing high-concentration solution of MAI. The seeded nucleation and growth lead to dense and uniform perovskite thin films with controllable crystal grains. This seeded crystallization technique offers an effective way to boost the low-cost manufacture of efficient and reproducible PVSCs.
Pollen as a transporter of mutations induced by ion beams in <i>Nicotians tabacum</i> (1997)

Biological effects of ion beams with different ranges and linear energy transfers (LETs) were investigated in Nicotiana tabacum L. Mature pollen was exposed to doses of 1400 Gy of 6 MeV 4 He 2+ or 1000 Gy of 50 MeV 4 He 2+ , 15 MeV 12 C 4+ , or 460 MeV 40 Ar 13+ and used to pollinate non-irradiated flowers (I 0 generation), resulting in I, seeds. I 1 plants were self-pollinated, and mutations were analyzed in the I 2 generation. Seed formation in the I 0 generation was greatly reduced in all treatments except where 12 C 4+ irradiated pollen was used. Germination rate and survival rate in the I 1 generation were also reduced in the seeds generated from crosses with pollen irradiated with 6 MeV 4 He 2+ and 12 C 4+ beams. Furthermore, chromosome and morphological aberrations in I 1 plants were observed. However, in 50 MeV 4 He 2+ and 40 Ar 13+ regimes, no seeds germinated. In the I 2 generation, chlorophyll mutants were very scarce. Morphological mutants were obtained at a frequency of 5.7 × 10 −3 and 7.9 × 10 −3 in the progeny of 6 MeV 4 He 2+ and 12 C 4+ regimes, respectively. It is concluded that the penetration depth is important for inducing mutation and also that pollen can be used for obtaining mutations induced by ion beams with very short penetration depths. Key words: ion beam, mutation, Nicotiana tabacum, pollen.
The material aspect in advanced superconducting wires (1988)

The industrial development of multifilamentary superconducting wires has in the past been essentially concentrated on the two cubic materials (NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn), which can be produced in continuous filaments. Progress on Nb/sub 3/Sn wires was obtained by substituting ternary additives (magnetic fields<14 T) or by using composite cores (magnetic fields=10-12 T). The current density of Nb/sub 3/Sn wires has been found to vary quite strongly when applying axial and transverse stresses. More recently, monofilamentary wires of complex, noncubic phases such as PbMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ (rhombohedral), and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (orthorhombic), have been prepared by powdermetallurgical processes. A brief review of the state of art in producing wires of the various systems if given, with particular emphasis on the material aspect of the current-carrying capacity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photonic integration and components development for a K<inf>u</inf>-band phased array antenna system (2011)

In this paper the development of a phased array antenna system using a photonic beamformer is reported. The paper emphasizes on the photonic integration between two main components of the beamformer, namely the photonic beamformer chip and the electroabsorption modulator array. System level simulation is used to determine the required performance of each component. The measurements on the component characteristics are presented.
Production of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone by Using Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria (1992)

A large number of methanol-utilizing bacteria were screened for extracellular production of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) by using methanol as the carbon and energy sources. Of the bacteria selected, Hyphomicrobium sp. strain TK 0441 was examined for PQQ production by using a jar fermentor. The amount of PQQ in the broth and the level of methanol dehydrogenase activity in the cells were increased by simply decreasing the amount of Fe added to the medium. On the other hand, extracellularly produced protein which interfered with the purification of PQQ was decreased by simply increasing the amount of Mg added to the medium. A suitable medium that contained 1 mug of Fe per ml, 150 mug of Mg per ml, and trace elements was developed. In this medium, the production of PQQ reached approximately 1 mg/ml and protein formation was low.
<i>CFP</i>, the Putative Cercosporin Transporter of <i>Cercospora kikuchii</i>, Is Required for Wild Type Cercosporin Production, Resistance, and Virulence on Soybean (1999)

Many species of the fungal genus Cercospora, including the soybean pathogen C. kikuchii, produce the phytotoxic polyketide cercosporin. Cercosporin production is induced by light. Previously, we identified several cDNA clones of mRNA transcripts that exhibited light-enhanced accumulation in C. kikuchii. Targeted disruption of the genomic copy of one of these, now designated CFP (cercosporin facilitator protein), results in a drastic reduction in cercosporin production, greatly reduced virulence of the fungus to soybean, and increased sensitivity to exogenous cercosporin. Sequence analysis of CFP reveals an 1,821-bp open reading frame encoding a 65.4-kDa protein similar to several members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of integral membrane transporter proteins known to confer resistance to various antibiotics and toxins in fungi and bacteria. We propose that CFP encodes a cercosporin transporter that contributes resistance to cercosporin by actively exporting cercosporin, thus maintaining low cellular concentrations of the toxin.
Icing Conditions Encountered by a Research Aircraft (1984)

Abstract The characteristics of clouds which have led to airframe icing on an instrumented Beechcraft Super King Air are summarized. The icing encounters occurred at altitudes from 0–8000 m MSL, in summer and winter, in stratiform and cumuliform clouds, and at temperatures from 0 to −30°C. The characteristics of icing encounters in different areas and in different seasons are compared. The fraction of measurements exceeding various threshold values of liquid water content, average liquid water content over a given distance, volume-median droplet diameter, droplet concentration, ice crystal concentration, and potential ice accumulation are given. The effects of these cloud characteristics on aircraft performance were measured by comparing the rate of climb of the aircraft with ice to the rate of climb for the clean aircraft under the same conditions. Most icing encounters led to a reduction in the rate of climb that increased linearly with the path integral of the supercooled liquid water content. The volume-median diameter had little correlation with changes in performance. Some potentially hazardous conditions, which decreased the rate of climb capability of this aircraft by 7–9 m s−1, are also discussed.
Highly Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels below Water Freezing Temperature (2018)

Hydrogels consist of hydrophilic polymer networks dispersed in water. Many applications of hydrogels rely on their unique combination of solid-like mechanical behavior and water-like transport properties. If the temperature is lowered below 0 °C, however, hydrogels freeze and become rigid, brittle, and non-conductive. Here, a general class of hydrogels that do not freeze at temperatures far below 0 °C, while retaining high stretchability and fracture toughness, is demonstrated. These hydrogels are synthesized by adding a suitable amount of an ionic compound to the hydrogel. The present study focuses on tough polyacrylamide-alginate double network hydrogels equilibrated with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride. The resulting hydrogels can be cooled to temperatures as low as -57 °C without freezing. In this temperature range, the hydrogels can still be stretched more than four times their initial length and have a fracture toughness of 5000 J m<sup>-2</sup> . It is anticipated that this new class of hydrogels will prove useful in developing new applications operating under a broad range of environmental and atmospheric conditions.