gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flavylium Polymethine Fluorophores for Near‐ and Shortwave Infrared Imaging (2017)

Bright fluorophores in the near-infrared and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are essential for optical imaging in vivo. In this work, we utilized a 7-dimethylamino flavylium heterocycle to construct a panel of novel red-shifted polymethine dyes, with emission wavelengths from 680 to 1045 nm. Photophysical characterization revealed that the 1- and 3-methine dyes display enhanced photostability and the 5- and 7-methine dyes exhibit exceptional brightness for their respective spectral regions. A micelle formulation of the 7-methine facilitated SWIR imaging in mice. This report presents the first polymethine dye designed and synthesized for SWIR in vivo imaging.
HandShot: A Fast 3-D Imaging System for Capturing Fingerprints, Palm Prints and Hand Geometry (2018)

Taking advantage of plummeting digital camera costs and increasing computer-controlled macro photography capabilities of commercial off-the-shelf chip-cameras as well as the computational expertise of Carnegie Mellon University and the forensic science knowledge of Duquesne University Law School, we present a direct high-contrast, high-resolution imaging system to simultaneously obtain 1000 ppi images of all 10 rolled-equivalent finger and both palm friction ridge patterns and minutiae within less than 5 seconds. We call this the “HandShot ID System.” We obtain well-focused, high-resolution images through the use of multiple cameras. We obtain high-contrast, surface-topology-discriminant images in HandShot through the use of oblique blue light and special spot lights from various angles operating sequentially in millions of a second. We obviate the need for an operator to individually roll fingers through the use of cameras positioned at different angles. By obviating the rolling of fingers, we enable truly high-throughput processing. We also eliminate sequencing errors by having physically distinct right and left hand non-contact placement areas and by simultaneously capturing all 10 digits and both palms. We eliminate the need for routine cleaning of a glass platen by eliminating any glass platen and instead directly image hands in the air –i.e., capture is contactless. For the same reason, we eliminate hygiene concerns. In order for HandShot to accurately and instantly capture and record friction ridge skin detail on 10 rolled-equivalent fingerprints and both palm prints within 5 seconds, HandShot constructs a visual 3-dimensional model of both hands, including palms, fingerprints, fingertips, and sides of the fingers. Our associated HandShot algorithms: (1) stitch images from multiple cameras together forming a complete 3-D model of both hands using active models to normalize for pose; (2) extract ridge detail based on contrast assessment under varying illumination effects; and, (3) translate 3-D images to standardized formats. Having robust, detailed and extensive images supports traditional, as well as, new and improved applications in criminal, security and commercial identification, recognition and authentication tasks. For example, extraction of 10 rolled equivalent fingerprints from the 3-D model is possible for forensic comparison. Similarly, partial latent prints appearing on the palm, fingers (or sides) can be matched. Hand geometry and other new fast methods can be supported for security and commercial uses. HandShot complies with significant standards in the field. Image specifications meet or exceed the FBI’s CJIS EFTS as well as the NIST M1 committee standards for fingerprints and palm prints. Output complies with ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 data format interchange standards.
Device-independent quantum random number generator with a photon pair source (2014)

What is the most efficient way to generate random numbers deviceindependently using a photon pair source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC)? We consider this question by comparing two implementations of a detection-loophole-free Bell test. In particular, we study in detail a scenario where a heralded single photon source (HSPS) is used to herald path-entangled states, i.e. entanglement between two spatial modes sharing a single photon and where nonlocality is revealed using photon counting preceded by small displacement operations. ar X iv :1 40 9. 80 51 v1 [ qu an tph ] 2 9 Se p 20 14 Device-independent quantum random number generator with a photon pair source 2 We start by giving a theoretical description of such a measurement. We then show how to optimize the Bell-CHSH violation through a non-perturbative calculation, taking the main experimental imperfections into account. We finally bound the amount of randomness that can be extracted and compare it to the one obtained with the conventional scenario using photon pairs entangled e.g. in polarization and analyzed through photon counting. While the former requires higher overall detection efficiencies, it is far more efficient in terms of both the entropy per experimental run and the rate of random bit generation. PACS numbers: 03.65.Ud Device-independent quantum random number generator with a photon pair source 3
Development of a Whirl-Resistant Bit (1990)

Summary Bit whirl is a major cause of early failure and reduced performance of polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bits. Attempts to control bit whirl by stabilizing the drillstring have been unsuccessful, but a "low-friction" bit design has been discovered that substantially eliminates whirl. The low-friction design is based on placing the cutters so that the net imbalance force from the cutters is directed toward a smooth pad that slides along the wellbore wall.
Decimal Floating Point for future processors (2010)

Many new designs for Decimal Floating Point (DFP) hardware units have been proposed in the last few years. To date, only the IBM POWER6 and POWER7 processors include internal units for decimal floating point processing. We have designed and tested several DFP units including an adder, multiplier, divider, square root, and fused-multiply-add compliant with the IEEE 754–2008 standard. This paper presents the results of using our units as part of a vector co-processor and the anticipated gains once the units are moved on chip with the main processor.
HIV-1 gp41 and TCRα Trans-Membrane Domains Share a Motif Exploited by the HIV Virus to Modulate T-Cell Proliferation (2010)

Viruses have evolved several strategies to modify cellular processes and evade the immune response in order to successfully infect, replicate, and persist in the host. By utilizing in-silico testing of a transmembrane sequence library derived from virus protein sequences, we have pin-pointed a nine amino-acid motif shared by a group of different viruses; this motif resembles the transmembrane domain of the alpha-subunit of the T-cell receptor (TCRalpha). The most striking similarity was found within the immunodeficiency virus (SIV and HIV) glycoprotein 41 TMD (gp41 TMD). Previous studies have shown that stable interactions between TCRalpha and CD3 are localized to this nine amino acid motif within TCRalpha, and a peptide derived from it (TCRalpha TMD, GLRILLLKV) interfered and intervened in the TCR function when added exogenously. We now report that the gp41 TMD peptide co-localizes with CD3 within the TCR complex and inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro. However, the inhibitory mechanism of gp41 TMD differs from that of the TCRalpha TMD and also from the other two known immunosuppressive regions within gp41.
An Optical Fibre Pressure Sensor (1987)

The design, construction and testing of a fibre optic pressure sensor based on a reflecting Fabry-Perot etalon is described. The etalon comprised one fixed mirror and a second mirror designed to flex under the action of the pressure being monitored. A single multimode fibre was used to connect the passive, remote sensor to the transmitter/receiver section, and dual wavelength referencing was used to eliminate the effects of bending-induced attenuation in the fibre.
Angular-Momentum Biased Circulators and Their Power Consumption (2018)

Angular-momentum biasing has been recently introduced as a robust technique to realize magnetless linear nonreciprocal elements within a subwavelength footprint. By imparting a synthetic angular momentum to a resonant ring, it is possible to break the degeneracy of its counter-rotating states and induce nonreciprocity. Angular momentum is efficiently synthesized by modulating the resonator in space and time via appropriate electrical signals. A question that naturally arises is whether such a modulation approach results in power exchange between the modulation and operation signals; thus, making the device active, as the majority of parametric devices. Here, we theoretically and numerically show that power exchange in this system is generally very small, and it can be made identically zero for perfectly symmetrical differential circulators in absence of parasitic loss. This fact shows that, from a practical point of view, angular-momentum circulators are passive systems, in contrast to several other magnetless nonreciprocal techniques, and as such they are very attractive for low-power and wireless applications.
The sliding-frequency guiding filter: an improved form of soliton jitter control (1992)

By gradually translating the peak frequency of guiding filters along its length, we create a fibertransmission line that is substantially opaque to noise while remaining transparent to solitons. This trick allows the use of stronger filters, and hence greater jitter reduction, without incurring the usual penalty of exponentially rising noise from the excess gain required to overcome filterloss.
Heat‐resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)

Abstract Thermally stable poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers were prepared with metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4‴ ‐phthalocyanine tetraamines, 4,4′ ‐diamino diphenyl ether, and 3,3′,4,4′ ‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Variables such as molar concentrations of the reagents, solvents, and temperature were investigated to optimize the conditions of the polymerization. Inherent viscosity, and infrared (IR) spectral and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were done to characterize the polymers. These polymers are stable and thier decomposition temperatures both in air and nitrogen are greater than 500°C. Their char yields at 800°C in nitrogen varied between 60 and 76%, depending on the type and concentrations of the metal phthalocyanine tetraamines. These polymers can be used to produce heat‐stable films, fibers, varnishes, and adhesives.
Co-ordination of directional overcurrent protection with load current for parallel feeders (1999)

Directional phase overcurrent relays are commonly applied at the receiving ends of parallel feeders or transformer feeders. Their purpose is to ensure full discrimination of main or back-up power system overcurrent protection for a fault near the receiving end of one feeder. This paper reviews this type of relay application and highlights load current setting constraints for directional protection. Such constraints have not previously been publicized in well-known text books. A directional relay current setting constraint that is suggested in some text books is based purely on thermal rating considerations for older technology relays. This constraint may not exist with modern numerical relays. In the absence of any apparent constraint, there is a temptation to adopt lower current settings with modern directional relays in relation to reverse load current at the receiving ends of parallel feeders. This paper identifies the danger of adopting very low current settings without any special relay feature to ensure protection security with load current during power system faults. A system incident recorded by numerical relays is also offered to highlight this danger. In cases where there is a need to infringe the identified constraints an implemented and testing relaying technique is proposed.
A generic-silenced axial fan based on a dual ANC system (2009)

While implementing Active Noise Control (ANC) systems to axial fans, whether to both intake and output or to only one of the openings, a Sound Power Level (SWL) active reduction of 7.8 dB was demonstrated, in addition to 3.3 dB of passive reduction. This generic unit produces a low level of noise compared to an axial fan with the same capacity of airflow and same dimensions. Also the duct encasing the axial fan offers better peak efficiency (higher stall point) in the Fan Performance Curve (FPC), therefore yielding an air-moving device which can cope better with higher system resistance. The generic unit can be used with any mechanical system that requires airflow induction, such as computers, air conditioners and machines.
Extracellular Enzyme Activities during Lignocellulose Degradation by <i>Streptomyces</i> spp.: A Comparative Study of Wild-Type and Genetically Manipulated Strains (1987)

The wild-type ligninolytic actinomycete Streptomyces viridosporus T7A and two genetically manipulated strains with enhanced abilities to produce a water-soluble lignin degradation intermediate, an acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), were grown on lignocellulose in solid-state fermentation cultures. Culture filtrates were periodically collected, analyzed for APPL, and assayed for extracellular lignocellulose-catabolizing enzyme activities. Isoenzymes were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and activity staining on the gels. Two APPL-overproducing strains, UV irradiation mutant T7A-81 and protoplast fusion recombinant SR-10, had higher and longer persisting peroxidase, esterase, and endoglucanase activities than did the wild-type strain T7A. Results implicated one or more of these enzymes in lignin solubilization. Only mutant T7A-81 had higher xylanase activity than the wild type. The peroxidase was induced by both lignocellulose and APPL. This extracellular enzyme has some similarities to previously described ligninases in fungi. This is the first report of such an enzyme in Streptomyces spp. Four peroxidase isozymes were present, and all catalyzed the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, while one also catalyzed hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of homoprotocatechuic acid and caffeic acid. Three constitutive esterase isozymes were produced which differed in substrate specificity toward alpha-naphthyl acetate and alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Three endoglucanase bands, which also exhibited a low level of xylanase activity, were identified on polyacrylamide gels as was one xylanase-specific band. There were no major differences in the isoenzymes produced by the different strains. The probable role of each enzyme in lignocellulose degradation is discussed.
Construction and Application of a Stratigraphic Inverse Model (1999)

Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy: Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations - This volume presents the results derived from a three-day workshop held at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, from May 15 through May 17, 1996. The objectives of the workshop were to document, characterize, demonstrate, and compare different computing procedures that have been utilized in simulating stratigraphic sequences. Both inverse and forward simulation modeling procedures are represented. The results of the workshop and the papers assembled here include: (1) an enhanced understanding of similarities and differences between models and modeling philosophies, (2) increased communication among modeling groups and geoscientists, (3) critical evaluation of applications and assessment of how models have been utilized, and (4) improvements and refinements in techniques for generating and describing model input and output.
Genetic mapping using haplotype and model‐free linkage analysis supports previous evidence for a locus predisposing to severe bipolar disorder at 5q31‐33 (2003)

Abstract We report further evidence for our previous suggestion [Garner et al., 2001 : Am J Hum Genet 68:1061–1064] of a locus on 5q predisposing to bipolar I disorder (BP‐I) in an extended Costa Rican pedigree. We genotyped additional microsatellite markers in this region and applied a multi‐point non‐parametric linkage analysis (SimWalk2). Significant identity‐by‐descent allele sharing among affected relatives was observed for all of the 20 markers tested in a segment of approximately 15 cM. Most affected individuals shared a single haplotype over this region; breaks within this haplotype may suggest a more restricted candidate location for a BP‐I gene. These results support the suggestion that a locus at 5q31‐33, together with a previously reported locus at 18q22‐23, may provide the major genetic risk for BP‐I in this family. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piezoelectric RF MEMS tunable capacitor with 3V operation using CMOS compatible materials and process (2006)

A RF MEMS tunable capacitor having a piezoelectric bimorph actuator was developed using a CMOS compatible surface micromachining process. Folded beam piezoelectric actuators were introduced to cancel carling. Its continuous wide tuning ratio of 3 was realized at less than 3 V operations for the first time
Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All‐Organic Redox Flow Battery (2015)

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries hold the promise of achieving higher energy density because of the broader voltage window than aqueous systems, but their current performance is limited by low redox material concentration, cell efficiency, cycling stability, and current density. We report a new nonaqueous all-organic flow battery based on high concentrations of redox materials, which shows significant, comprehensive improvement in flow battery performance. A mechanistic electron spin resonance study reveals that the choice of supporting electrolytes greatly affects the chemical stability of the charged radical species especially the negative side radical anion, which dominates the cycling stability of these flow cells. This finding not only increases our fundamental understanding of performance degradation in flow batteries using radical-based redox species, but also offers insights toward rational electrolyte optimization for improving the cycling stability of these flow batteries.
Acoustic microscopy: present and future (1984)

After nearly ten years of research and development, the acoustic microscope has now reached the point where its resolution is far superior to that of the optical microscope. Several commercial firms are now in the process of manufacturing scanning acoustic microscopes, and it will not be long before these are available on the open market. In the paper, we review the basic operating principles of the microscope and describe some of the achievements made over the past decade. The paper is concluded by a discussion of possible areas for future advance.
Distributed Space-Frequency Coding for Cooperative Diversity in Broadband Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

A distributed space-frequency (SF) coded cooperative technique is proposed for broadband wireless ad-hoc networks, where both the channels from the source node to relay nodes and from the relay nodes to the destination node are characterized by frequency-selective fading. Using an SF coding at the source node and a circular shift at each relay node, we propose a scheme that can achieve both cooperative and multi-path diversity. The pairwise error probability is analyzed and the result demonstrates that a diversity gain of min(ML <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ML <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) can be achieved, where M is the number of the relay nodes, and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> are the number of taps of the multipath fading channels from the source node to the relay nodes and from the relay nodes to the destination node, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed distributed SF coding can achieve full-rate transmission for any number of relay nodes. In particular, it does not need IFFT/FFT processing or decoding at each relay node, thus providing a low-complexity design of the relay nodes in broadband wireless ad-hoc networks.
Substrate Noise Reduction Based On Noise Aware Cell Design (2007)

A substrate biasing methodology is introduced based on modifying standard cells by inserting dedicated substrate contacts in those cells behaving as aggressive digital noise generators. These contacts are connected to a dedicated ground network. The proposed approach reduces two primary noise injection mechanisms: ground coupling and source/drain junction coupling. Limitations of the Kelvin biasing scheme are removed while achieving more than a 60% (9 dB) reduction in substrate noise at the cost of a 12% increase in area.
Comparison of scalable key distribution schemes for secure group communication (2003)

Scalable secure key distribution is the mast important feature of a scalable secure group communication protocol. Most of the existing scalable secure group communication protocols are based on a hierarchical key distribution tree. These schemes can be classified as hierarchical node based schemes and hierarchical key based schemes. In this paper we compare hierarchical key distribution schemes through simulation using real-life multicast group membership traces. Our simulations show that hierarchical node based approaches better distribute encryption cost among the entities of a multicast group. However hierarchical node based schemes "trust" internal nodes of a key distribution tree. We show that the dual encryption protocol previously proposed by us overcomes the aforementioned limitation of hierarchical node based schemes, with a marginal perfomance penalty.
Second generation slit‐based photoacoustic tomography system for vascular imaging in human (2016)

Slit-based photoacoustic tomography is a newly developed technique that improves the elevation numerical aperture of a linear array through acoustic diffraction. The slit, placed at the acoustic focus of a linear array, effectively forms an array of virtual detectors with high receiving angle, which subsequently improves the elevation resolution. However, due to the complex implementation, our original system could only image phantoms and sacrificed animals. In this report, the system has been significantly improved. In particular, we designed a slit holder that can be directly mounted to the transducer array for easy adjustment of slit width and simultaneous scanning of both the array and the slit. To enlarge the imaging field of view, we replaced the single circular optical fiber bundle with a bifurcated line fiber bundle which moved simultaneously with the array and the slit. The data acquisition system has also been updated to double the imaging speed. With these improvements, the new system can image a 3.8 × 4 cm<sup>2</sup> region within 40 seconds and the object only needs to be coupled through ultrasound gel. We successfully used the system to image vasculatures in the palm and forearm of human volunteers. 3D palm vascular image of human palm.