gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Degradation of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates):  Preparation of Well-Defined Oligomers (2001)

The thermal degradation of the biodegradable bacterial polyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, poly(3-hydroxyvalerate), PHV, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), 0-21 mol % of hydroxyvalerate, was studied. At moderately low temperatures (170-200 degrees C), the main product is a well-defined oligomer, especially a 500-10,000 g/mol macromolecule, which contains one unsaturated end group, predominantly a trans-alkenyl end group, as well as a carboxylic end group. The process was studied regarding the effect of the copolymer composition and reaction time at 190 degrees C. During the first few hours of reaction, the thermal degradation of PHB and PHV followed a kinetic model of random scission, but eventually auto-acceleration of the pyrolysis was detected, probably due to the influence of the crotonate end groups of the oligomers formed. Ten-time scale-up experiments on a Brabender instrument were successfully undertaken.
Structural requirements for 5-HT <sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT <sub>1A</sub> serotonin receptor potentiation by the biologically active lipid oleamide (1998)

Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid primary amide that possesses sleep-inducing properties in animals and that has been shown to effect serotonergic receptor responses and block gap junction communication. Herein, the potentiation of the 5-HT1A receptor response is disclosed, and a study of the structural features of oleamide required for potentiation of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A response to serotonin (5-HT) is described. Of the naturally occurring fatty acids, the primary amide of oleic acid (oleamide) is the most effective at potentiating the 5-HT2A receptor response. The structural features required for activity were found to be highly selective. The presence, position, and stereochemistry of the delta9-cis double bond is required, and even subtle structural variations reduce or eliminate activity. Secondary or tertiary amides may replace the primary amide but follow a well defined relationship requiring small amide substituents, suggesting that the carboxamide serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor but not donor. Alternative modifications at the carboxamide as well as modifications of the methyl terminus or the hydrocarbon region spanning the carboxamide and double bond typically eliminate activity. A less extensive study of the 5-HT1A potentiation revealed that it is more tolerant and accommodates a wider range of structural modifications. An interesting set of analogs was identified that inhibit rather than potentiate the 5-HT2A, but not the 5-HT1A, receptor response, further suggesting that such analogs may permit the selective modulation of serotonin receptor subtypes and even have opposing effects on the different subtypes.
Virtual white board: Leveraging investments in interface based design and executable specification (2017)

Interface-based design methodologies and tools using machine-readable metadata have been in use for many years; however, a lot of manual effort is still needed to gather module information, especially when the SoC and modules are being co-designed. It is a time-consuming and error prone challenge made more difficult by increasing SoC complexity. Various efforts to address these issues with document-based “executable specifications” met with only modest success. By committing fully to an architecture-specific web-based executable specification tool, the metadata available in the ecosystem could be leveraged to greatly improve the specification-to-design process. This paper presents a case study on a unified, integrated environment for subsystem creation, SoC integration, and SoC specification teams by building and using an architecture-aware tool to comprehend the SoC constructs. A modern web-based framework instead of a standalone tool gave built-in collaboration capabilities and an easy way to visually represent and manipulate data. Various architectural rules about these connections can be enforced. Connection fabrics (e.g. NoC) and other project-specific infrastructure can be configured and synthesized on demand and brought in to the design easily due to the common environment. Netlists and other connectivity data can be fed into automated RTL generation processes directly, or used as reference for design teams tasked with implementation. Reports and automated software generation satisfy the needs of the design verification and software teams. Overall team productivity is greatly enhanced - infrastructure is produced much more quickly with fewer engineers needed. The shorter revision cycle also speeds and simplifies functional and performance testing feedback loops.
Tetrahydroquinoline‐Based Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Miniaturized Dual Antiphase Patch Antenna Radiating Into the Human Body at 2.4 GHz (2023)

An on-body antenna, comprised of two closely-spaced antiphase patch elements, for microwave imaging may provide enhanced signal penetration into the tissue. By further integrating a 180-degree on-chip power combiner with the dual antiphase patch antenna element, a low-profile miniaturized antenna, integrated into a single 18.5 mm x 10 mm x 1.6 mm circuit board assembly, is designed and evaluated both numerically and experimentally. This is the smallest on-body antenna known to the authors for the given frequency band. This linearly polarized antenna may potentially serve as a building block of a dense antenna array for prospective high-resolution microwave imaging. A 2.4 GHz band was chosen as the design target. The final antenna size was a compromise between the miniaturization, the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), and the targeted antenna bandwidth (2.3-2.5 GHz). The effect of surface waves (the secondary radiating components) was also factored in the design consideration, while maximizing the detected signals' SNR.
An innovative hydrodynamic separation technology (HDS) for water pretreatment: harvesting neutrally buoyant particles effectively (2013)

This paper describes the feasibility and application of a fluidic-based technology, called hydrodynamic separation (HDS), to separate suspended particles from liquid. It uses customized fluid flow patterns in a curved channel to create a pair of Dean vortexes that focus particles into a concentrated band near one channel wall. A splitter at the end of the channel divides the flow into a clean effluent stream and a concentrate stream. The focusing of particles is primarily due to a combination of hydrodynamic forces (drag, virtual mass, and shear), which causes a size rather than density dependent separation. This enables separation of particles with densities identical or close to that of their surrounding fluid, allowing this technology to be especially useful in situations where traditional methods are challenged, such as removal of buoyant particulates from primary clarifiers or separation of unsettleable activated sludge in secondary clarifiers. We tested HDS-based separators with samples that include neutrally buoyant polystyrene beads, activated sludge, primary clarifier effluent and powdered activated carbon to demonstrate its efficacy. In each case, high separation efficiency was achieved which reaffirmed our commitments to evolve HDS technology into an effective pretreatment solution.
Efficient conversion of 5-substituted hydantoins to D-α-amino acids using recombinant Escherichia coli strains (1998)

D -Amino acids, important intermediates in the production of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, are currently prepared from the corresponding hydantoins using bacterial biomass containing two enzymes, hydantoinase and carbamylase. These enzymes convert the hydantoins first into carbamyl derivatives and then into the corresponding D -amino acids. In an attempt to select more efficient biocatalysts, the hydantoinase and carbamylase genes from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (formerly A. radiobacter ) were cloned in Escherichia coli. The genes were assembled to give two operon-type structures one having the carbamylase gene preceding the hydantoinase gene and the other with the carbamylase gene following the hydantoinase gene. The recombinant strains stably and constitutively produced the two enzymes and efficiently converted the corresponding hydantoins into p -hydroxyphenyl-glycine and phenylglycine. The order of the genes within the operon and the growth temperature of the strains turned out to be important for both enzyme and D -amino acid production. The configuration with the carbamylase gene preceding the hydantoinase gene was the most efficient one when the biomass was grown at 25°C rather than 37°C. This biomass produced D -amino acid twice as efficiently as the industrial strain of A. tumefaciens. The efficiency was found to be correlated with the level of carbamylase produced, indicating that the concentration of this enzyme is the rate-limiting factor in D -amino acid production under the conditions used on an industrial scale.
Discovery of <i>N</i>-Ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]-6-methyl-7-oxo-1<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyridine-2-carboxamide (ABBV-744), a BET Bromodomain Inhibitor with Selectivity for the Second Bromodomain (2020)

The BET family of proteins consists of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDt. Each protein contains two distinct bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). BET family bromodomain inhibitors under clinical development for oncology bind to each of the eight bromodomains with similar affinities. We hypothesized that it may be possible to achieve an improved therapeutic index by selectively targeting subsets of the BET bromodomains. Both BD1 and BD2 are highly conserved across family members (>70% identity), whereas BD1 and BD2 from the same protein exhibit a larger degree of divergence (∼40% identity), suggesting selectivity between BD1 and BD2 of all family members would be more straightforward to achieve. Exploiting the Asp144/His437 and Ile146/Val439 sequence differences (BRD4 BD1/BD2 numbering) allowed the identification of compound <b>27</b> demonstrating greater than 100-fold selectivity for BRD4 BD2 over BRD4 BD1. Further optimization to improve BD2 selectivity and oral bioavailability resulted in the clinical development compound <b>46</b> (ABBV-744).
Abstract 14868: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Detection of Chronic Iron Deposition within Non-Reperfused Myocardial Infarctions (2014)

Introduction: Chronic iron deposition is known to occur in reperfused hemorrhagic myocardial infarctions (MIs), and could potentially mediate prolonged inflammatory activity and electrical anomalies in the heart. Hypothesis: We investigated whether stagnant blood in permanently ligated vasculature of non-reperfused MIs could also potentially lead to chronic iron deposition within infarcted territories. Methods: Canines (n=19) underwent permanent ligation of LAD. CMR exams were performed at 7 days and 4 months post-MI at 3T, and T2* maps and Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) images were acquired. Infarcted territories were detected on LGE images using Mean + 5 Standard Deviations criterion relative to a reference region-of-interest placed in the remote myocardium. Presence of iron within MI territories was detected on T2*-weighted images using Mean - 2 Standard Deviations criterion relative to a reference region-of-interest placed in the remote myocardium. Following the month 4 CMR study, animals were euthanized and ex-vivo histology was performed. Results: Significant T2* losses were observed within the MI territories in 13 of the 19 canines at 7 days post-MI, and in all canines at 4 months post-MI. Relative to remote myocardium, mean T2* value of the hypointense cores within MI territories was 42.6±10.5% lower on day 7 post-MI (16.7±3.4ms vs. 28.8±3.0ms, p Conclusions: Chronic iron depositions can occur within non-reperfused MIs. The long-term effect of such iron depositions remain to be investigated.
Microwave accelerator E-beam pumped laser. [Patent application] (1977)

A device and method for pumping gaseous lasers by means of a microwave accelerator are described. The microwave accelerator produces a relativistic electron beam which is applied along the longitudinal axis of the laser through an electron beam window. The incident points of the electron beam on the electron beam window are varied by deflection coils to enhance the cooling characteristics of the foil. A thyratron is used to reliably modulate the microwave accelerator to produce electron beam pulses which excite the laser medium to produce laser repetition frequencies not previously obtainable. An aerodynamic window is also disclosed which eliminates foil heating problems, as well as a magnetic bottle for reducing laser cavity length and pressures while maintaining efficient energy deposition.
Chimeras from a human rhinovirus 14-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) V3 loop seroprevalence library induce neutralizing responses against HIV-1 (1995)

A chimeric virus library was designed whereby sequences corresponding to the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were presented on the surface of human rhinovirus 14. The V3 loop sequences consisted of a relatively conserved segment of seven amino acids and five adjacent residues that were allowed to vary in proportion to their seroprevalence among HIV-1 isolates of North America and Europe. A technique called random systematic mutagenesis was used to incorporate the composite V3 loop sequences flanked by zero to two randomized amino acids. This library could contain 2.7 x 10(8) members having diverse sequences and conformations. Immunoselection of a portion of this library by using two neutralizing V3 loop-directed monoclonal antibodies followed by selection for desirable growth and purification characteristics yielded a set of chimeric rhinoviruses, five of which are described. The inserted sequences in the five chimeras do not match those of any known isolate of HIV-1. Nonetheless, all five chimeras were neutralized by antibodies directed against different strains of HIV-1 and were able to elicit the production of antibodies that bind V3 loop peptides from diverse HIV-1 isolates. Moreover, antisera derived from four of the five chimeras were capable of neutralizing one or more strains of HIV-1 in cell culture. This study demonstrates that random systematic mutagenesis in conjunction with antibody screening is a powerful and efficient means to obtain antigenic chimeras with relevant immunogenic properties.
Polyphase Representation of Multirate Nonlinear Filters and Its Applications (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes a polyphase representation for nonlinear filters, especially for Volterra filters. To derive the new realizations the well-known linear polyphase theory is extended to the nonlinear case. Both the upsampling and downsampling cases are considered. As in the linear case (finite-impulse response filters), neither the input signal nor the Volterra kernels must fulfill constraints in order to be realized in polyphase form. The computational complexity can be reduced significantly because of two reasons. On the one hand, all operations are performed at the low sampling rate and, on the other hand, a new null identity allows to remove many coefficients in the polyphase representation. Furthermore, some applications involving a nonlinear filter, an upsampler, and/or a downsampler are discussed to demonstrate the utility of the new approach to multirate nonlinear signal processing. </para>
Detection of Bacterial Spores with Lanthanide−Macrocycle Binary Complexes (2009)

The detection of bacterial spores via dipicolinate-triggered lanthanide luminescence has been improved in terms of detection limit, stability, and susceptibility to interferents by use of lanthanide-macrocycle binary complexes. Specifically, we compared the effectiveness of Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy complexes with the macrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetate (DO2A) to the corresponding lanthanide aquo ions. The Ln(DO2A)(+) binary complexes bind dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major constituent of bacterial spores, with greater affinity and demonstrate significant improvement in bacterial spore detection. Of the four luminescent lanthanides studied, the terbium complex exhibits the greatest dipicolinate binding affinity (100-fold greater than Tb(3+) alone, and 10-fold greater than other Ln(DO2A)(+) complexes) and highest quantum yield. Moreover, the inclusion of DO2A extends the pH range over which Tb-DPA coordination is stable, reduces the interference of calcium ions nearly 5-fold, and mitigates phosphate interference 1000-fold compared to free terbium alone. In addition, detection of Bacillus atrophaeus bacterial spores was improved by the use of Tb(DO2A)(+), yielding a 3-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio over Tb(3+). Out of the eight cases investigated, the Tb(DO2A)(+) binary complex is best for the detection of bacterial spores.
Towards individualized diagnostics of biofilm-associated infections: a case study (2017)

Organized within biofilm communities, bacteria exhibit resistance towards a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Thus, one might argue that bacteria isolated from biofilm-associated chronic infections should be subjected to resistance profiling under biofilm growth conditions. Various test systems have been developed to determine the biofilm-associated resistance; however, it is not clear to what extent the in vitro results reflect the situation in vivo, and whether the biofilm-resistance profile should guide clinicians in their treatment choice. To address this issue, we used confocal microscopy in combination with live/dead staining, and profiled biofilm-associated resistance of a large number (>130) of clinical <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolates from overall 15 cystic fibrosis patients. Our results demonstrate that in addition to a general non-responsiveness of bacteria when grown under biofilm conditions, there is an isolate-specific and antibiotic-specific biofilm-resistance profile. This individual resistance profile is independent on the structural properties of the biofilms. Furthermore, biofilm resistance is not linked to the resistance profile under planktonic growth conditions, or a mucoid, or small colony morphology of the tested isolates. Instead, it seems that individual biofilm structures evolve during biofilm-associated growth and are shaped by environment-specific cues. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that biofilm resistance profiles are isolate specific and cannot be deduced from commonly studied phenotypes. Further clinical studies will have to show the added value of biofilm-resistance profiling. Individualized diagnosis of biofilm resistance might lead to more rational recommendations for antimicrobial therapy and, thus, increased effectiveness of the treatment of chronically infected patients.
Modeling of the droplet field in near-horizontal low liquid loading flows (2011)

As part of the development of the LedaFlow multiphase simulation tool, experiments have been performed to investigate detailed flux- and velocity profiles in two-phase flows with Nitrogen and Naphtha. The experiments have been recorded in an 8 inch diameter pipe with 0.5° inclination at 20 and 90 bar pressure. Results and implications from these measurements are discussed. Next, a detailed model for droplet entrainment is presented. The experimental data is analysed based on the proposed model framework and the model is calibrated using the available measurements. The subsequent results are discussed.
Motion Compensated X-ray CT Algorithm for Moving Objects (2011)

In this study a motion compensated X-ray CT algorithm based on a statistical model is proposed. The important feature of our motion compensated X-ray CT algorithm is that the target object is assumed to move or deform along the time. Then the projections of the deforming target object are described by a state-space model. The deformation is described by motion vectors each attached to each pixel. To reduce the ill-posed ness we incorporate into the prior distribution our a priori knowledge that the target object is composed of a restricted number of materials whose X-ray absorption coefficients are roughly known. To perform Bayesian inference based on our statistical model, the posterior distribution is approximated by a computationally tractable distribution such to minimize Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the posterior and the tractable distributions. Computer simulations using phantom images show the effectiveness of our CT algorithm, suggesting the state-space model works even when the target object is deforming.
Development of the vibration control system "G-Fall Balancer" for a drum type washer/dryer (2004)

A new vibration control system, the G-Fall Balancer, was developed to reduce the vibration and noise caused by the imbalance of clothes during the spin-drying stage in a drum type washer/dryer. The G-Fall Balancer employs balance boxes that contain balance liquid placed at the two ends of the spin drum to correct the imbalance in the spin drum, thus reducing vibration. The G-Fall Balancer can reduce vibration by 70% or more.
The affine particle-in-cell method (2015)

Hybrid Lagrangian/Eulerian simulation is commonplace in computer graphics for fluids and other materials undergoing large deformation. In these methods, particles are used to resolve transport and topological change, while a background Eulerian grid is used for computing mechanical forces and collision responses. Particle-in-Cell (PIC) techniques, particularly the Fluid Implicit Particle (FLIP) variants have become the norm in computer graphics calculations. While these approaches have proven very powerful, they do suffer from some well known limitations. The original PIC is stable, but highly dissipative, while FLIP, designed to remove this dissipation, is more noisy and at times, unstable. We present a novel technique designed to retain the stability of the original PIC, without suffering from the noise and instability of FLIP. Our primary observation is that the dissipation in the original PIC results from a loss of information when transferring between grid and particle representations. We prevent this loss of information by augmenting each particle with a locally affine, rather than locally constant, description of the velocity. We show that this not only stably removes the dissipation of PIC, but that it also allows for exact conservation of angular momentum across the transfers between particles and grid.
Using ARM trustzone to build a trusted language runtime for mobile applications (2014)

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Trusted Language Runtime (TLR), a system that protects the confidentiality and integrity of .NET mobile applications from OS security breaches. TLR enables separating an application's security-sensitive logic from the rest of the application, and isolates it from the OS and other apps. TLR provides runtime support for the secure component based on a .NET implementation for embedded devices. TLR reduces the TCB of an open source .NET implementation by a factor of $78$ with a tolerable performance cost. The main benefit of the TLR is to bring the developer benefits of managed code to trusted computing. With the TLR, developers can build their trusted components with the productivity benefits of modern high level languages, such as strong typing and garbage collection.
Anatomical characterization of the inferior petrosal sinus and adjacent cerebellopontine angle cistern for development of an endovascular transdural cerebrospinal fluid shunt (2019)

Our results demonstrate sufficient CSF CPA cisternal space adjacent to the IPS and support the feasibility of an endovascular catheter delivered transdural implantable shunt. Such a device could serve to mimic the function of the arachnoid granulation by establishing a regulated path for CSF flow from the intracranial subarachnoid space to the venous system and provide a treatment for communicating hydrocephalus.