gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes (2008)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is primarily controlled by vaccination of susceptible animals and movement restrictions for animals and animal-derived products in South Africa. Vaccination using aluminium hydroxide gel-saponin (AS) adjuvanted vaccines containing the South African Territories (SAT) serotypes has been shown to be effective both in ensuring that disease does not spread from the endemic to the free zone and in controlling outbreaks in the free zone. Various vaccine formulations containing antigens derived from the SAT serotypes were tested in cattle that were challenged 1 year later. Both the AS and ISA 206B vaccines adjuvanted with saponin protected cattle against virulent virus challenge. The oil-based ISA 206B-adjuvanted vaccine with and without stimulators was evaluated in a field trial and both elicited antibody responses that lasted for 1 year. Furthermore, the ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccine protected groups of cattle against homologous virus challenge at very low payloads, while pigs vaccinated with an emergency ISA 206B-based FMD vaccine containing the SAT 1 vaccine strains were protected against the heterologous SAT 1 outbreak strain.
Revisiting Random Binning Features (2016)

Kernel method has been developed as one of the standard approaches for nonlinear learning, which however, does not scale to large data set due to its quadratic complexity in the number of samples. A number of kernel approximation methods have thus been proposed in the recent years, among which the random features method gains much popularity due to its simplicity and direct reduction of nonlinear problem to a linear one. Different random feature functions have since been proposed to approximate a variety of kernel functions. Among them the Random Binning (RB) feature, proposed in the first random-feature paper [21], has drawn much less attention than the Random Fourier (RF) feature proposed also in [21]. In this work, we observe that the RB features, with right choice of optimization solver, could be orders-of-magnitude more efficient than other random features and kernel approximation methods under the same requirement of accuracy. We thus propose the first analysis of RB from the perspective of optimization, which by interpreting RB as a Randomized Block Coordinate Descent in the infinite-dimensional space, gives a faster convergence rate compared to that of other random features. In particular, we show that by drawing R random grids with at least κ number of non-empty bins per grid in expectation, RB method achieves a convergence rate of O(1/κ R)), which not only sharpens its O(1/√R) rate from Monte Carlo analysis, but also shows a κ times speedup over other random features under the same analysis framework. In addition, we demonstrate another advantage of RB in the L1-regularized setting, where unlike other random features, a RB-based Coordinate Descent solver can be parallelized with guaranteed speedup proportional to κ. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the RB features over other random features and kernel approximation methods.
Extended Molecular Design Concept of Molecular Materials for Electroluminescence: Sublimed-Dye Films, Molecularly Doped Polymers and Polymers with Chromophores (1997)

Electroluminescent (EL) devices with multilayer structures which are composed of two or three vacuum–sublimed dye films have been shown to exhibit high device performances. The working mechanism for charge–injection–type EL devices is reviewed and then the design of dye molecules used for hole transport, electron transport and emissive layers for multilayer EL devices are summarized. It is also demonstrated that the molecular design concept of dye films is applicable for the cases of polymer–dispersed dye systems. The possibility of extension of the molecular design concept to polymers with chromophores in skeletons is discussed. In addition, the importance of the adoption of multilayer structures for obtaining high EL efficiency is discussed.
Validation and reproducibility of pressure-corrected aortic distensibility measurements using pulse-wave-velocity Doppler ultrasound (1993)

A non-invasive Doppler ultrasound technique is described for the assessment of aortic compliance based on the in vivo measurement of pulse wave velocity along the thoraco-abdominal aortic pathway. A structured protocol, which has been developed to improve the reproducibility of the technique, is validated. A method of correcting for the effect of non-chronic changes in blood pressure on arterial elasticity is considered and applied to compliance measurements performed on 66 normal, healthy volunteers. The results of a study to ascertain the overall reproducibility of the method are provided and problems associated with the technique are discussed. Medical disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, familial hypercholesterolaemia and growth hormone deficiency have all been shown to affect arterial wall compliance. It is suggested that the in vivo measurement of pressure-corrected aortic distensibility may be a useful, non-invasive tool for assessing such patients' susceptibility to atheromatous arterial disease and for monitoring their response to therapy. Measurements in the aorta may be especially pertinent since the natural history of fatty streaks there tends to parallel that in coronary arteries thereby potentially affording a convenient surrogate estimate of coronary heart disease.
A Chimeric Streptokinase with Unexpected Fibrinolytic Selectivity (1996)

Chimeric 59D8-SK was designed to confer fibrin-selectivity to streptokinase by fusion of the Fab fragment of anti-fibrin antibody 59D8 to the N-terminus of streptokinase (SK: Ile1-Lys414). It was expressed in a mouse hybridoma cell line and purified by affinity chromatography on a 59D8-antigen column. Chimeric 59D8-SK is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of an antibody light chain (Mr 27,000) and a N-glycosylated chimeric heavy chain (M(r) 90,000). The fibrin targeting by 59D8 increased plasma clot lysis by 2-fold, but connecting 59D8 to SK has provided 59D8-SK several unique properties: (i) 59D8-SK activated human Glu-plasminogen with a significant lag period that coincided with limited proteolysis of 59D8-SK similar to that observed for wild-type SK. In a kinetic study, both gave very similar kinetic parameters for the activation of Glu-plasminogen even though 59D8-SK was N-glycosylated in its SK portion; (ii) 59D8-SK was relatively inactive in human plasma, compared to SK, but it became activated in the presence of clots; (iii) 59D8-SK lysed clots slowly but completely whereas SK lysed clots rapidly but incompletely. Even though the mechanism behind these new properties is not fully understood, they are characteristics of a second-generation plasminogen activator.
A New Vision for Smart Objects and the Internet of Things: Mobile Robots and Long-Range UHF RFID Sensor Tags (2015)

We present a new vision for smart objects and the Internet of Things wherein mobile robots interact with wirelessly-powered, long-range, ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) tags outfitted with sensing capabilities. We explore the technology innovations driving this vision by examining recently-commercialized sensor tags that could be affixed-to or embedded-in objects or the environment to yield true embodied intelligence. Using a pair of autonomous mobile robots outfitted with UHF RFID readers, we explore several potential applications where mobile robots interact with sensor tags to perform tasks such as: soil moisture sensing, remote crop monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, water quality monitoring, and remote sensor deployment.
Hydrocarbon Traps: Chapter 13: Part III. Processes (1994)

Trap identification is a first step in prospect evaluation and an important part of any exploration or assessment program. Future success in exploration will depend increasingly on an improved understanding of how traps are formed and an appreciation of the numerous varieties of trap types that exist. We define a trap as any geometric arrangement of rock that permits significant accumulation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface. A trap must include a reservoir rock in which to store hydrocarbons, and a seal or set of seals that impede or stop migration out of the reservoir. Although it is the geometric arrangement of reservoirs and seals that determines if a trap is present, both reservoir and seal analysis should be an integral part of trap evaluation. Traps can be divided into three broad categories: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps, which exhibit both structural and stratigraphic elements. We have subdivided structural traps into fold traps, traps associated with faults, traps associated with piercement features, and combination traps that require elements of both faults and folds for effectiveness. Stratigraphic traps can be grouped into primary or depositional traps, traps associated with unconformities (either above or beneath the unconformity), and secondary or diagenetic stratigraphic traps. We note that although each trap has unique characteristics, early recognition of trap type will aid in mapping and evaluating a prospect.
Effect of Corticosterone and Hen Body Mass on Primary Sex Ratio in Laying Hen (Gallus gallus), Using Unincubated Eggs1 (2014)

In various studies, chronic elevation of corticosterone levels in female birds under natural or experimental conditions resulted in female biased offspring sex ratios. In chicken, one study with injected corticosterone resulted in a male sex ratio bias. In the current study, we chronically elevated blood plasma corticosterone levels through corticosterone feeding (20 mg/kg feed) for 14 days using 30 chicken hens in each of treatment and control groups and studied the primary offspring sex ratio (here defined as the proportion of male fertile eggs determined in freshly laid eggs, i.e., without egg incubation). Mean plasma corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment group but were not associated with sex ratio, laying rate, and fertility rate. Corticosterone treatment by itself did not affect egg sex but affected sex ratio as well as laying rate and fertility rate in interaction with hen body mass. Body mass had a negative association with sex ratio, laying rate, and fertility rate per hen in the corticosterone group, but a positive association with sex ratio in untreated hens. These interactions were already seen when taking the body mass at the beginning of the experiment, indicating intrinsic differences between light and heavy hens with regard to their reaction to corticosterone treatment. The effects on laying rate, fertility rate, and sex ratio suggest that some factor related to body mass act together with corticosterone to modulate ovarian functions. We propose that corticosterone treatment in conjunction with hen body mass can interfere with meiosis, which can lead to meiotic drive and to chromosomal aberrations resulting in postponed ovulation or infertile ova.
A generation model to unify topic relevance and lexicon-based sentiment for opinion retrieval (2008)

Opinion retrieval is a task of growing interest in social life and academic research, which is to find relevant and opinionate documents according to a user's query. One of the key issues is how to combine a document's opinionate score (the ranking score of to what extent it is subjective or objective) and topic relevance score. Current solutions to document ranking in opinion retrieval are generally ad-hoc linear combination, which is short of theoretical foundation and careful analysis. In this paper, we focus on lexicon-based opinion retrieval. A novel generation model that unifies topic-relevance and opinion generation by a quadratic combination is proposed in this paper. With this model, the relevance-based ranking serves as the weighting factor of the lexicon-based sentiment ranking function, which is essentially different from the popular heuristic linear combination approaches. The effect of different sentiment dictionaries is also discussed. Experimental results on TREC blog datasets show the significant effectiveness of the proposed unified model. Improvements of 28.1% and 40.3% have been obtained in terms of MAP and [email protected] respectively. The conclusion is not limited to blog environment. Besides the unified generation model, another contribution is that our work demonstrates that in the opinion retrieval task, a Bayesian approach to combining multiple ranking functions is superior to using a linear combination. It is also applicable to other result re-ranking applications in similar scenario.
Experimental Investigations on Dissolution of Incrustations on the Surface of Catheters (With 1 color plate) (1989)

On the basis of a standardized in vitro irrigation model, the incrustation behavior of catheters was investigated using collected urine with controlled contamination (Proteus, mirabilis). Irrigation treatment with a NaCl solution did not effectively reduce incrustation compared to the control experiment. On the other hand, incrustations were definitively prevented or existing crystal deposits were largely dissolved with a citrate solution of pH 4.0 (Suby G). Analytical investigations (infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) of the deposits on the catheter revealed the presence of struvite (MgNH4PO4 x 6H2O), brushite (CaHPO4 x 2H2O) and carbonate apatite (Ca10[PO4] [CO3OH]6[OH]2).
Paramagnetic Structures within a Microfluidic Channel for Enhanced Immunomagnetic Isolation and Surface Patterning of Cells (2016)

In this report, we demonstrate a unique method for embedding magnetic structures inside a microfluidic channel for cell isolation. We used a molding process to fabricate these structures out of a ferrofluid of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. We show that the embedded magnetic structures significantly increased the magnetic field in the channel, resulting in up to 4-fold enhancement in immunomagnetic capture as compared with a channel without these embedded magnetic structures. We also studied the spatial distribution of trapped cells both experimentally and computationally. We determined that the surface pattern of these trapped cells was determined by both location of the magnet and layout of the in-channel magnetic structures. Our magnetic structure embedded microfluidic device achieved over 90% capture efficiency at a flow velocity of 4 mm/s, a speed that was roughly two orders of magnitude faster than previous microfluidic systems used for a similar purpose. We envision that our technology will provide a powerful tool for detection and enrichment of rare cells from biological samples.
Observation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence of the Excimer from Two Perylene Cores in the Form of [4]Rotaxane (2018)

A perylene-based [4]rotaxane was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling of the 2:2 inclusion complex consisting of two alkynylperylenes and two γ-cyclodextrins with terphenyl-type stopper molecules. The [4]rotaxane showed orange emission attributable to the spatially restricted alkynylperylene excimer with a high fluorescence quantum yield of Φ<sub>f</sub> =0.15. The excimer emission was circularly polarized as a result of the asymmetrically twisted perylene pair under the influence of chirality of γ-cyclodextrin. The g<sub>lum</sub> value of the excimer emission was determined to be -2.1×10<sup>-2</sup> at 573 nm, as large as those of the corresponding known pyrene-based series. This is the first example, in which circularly polarized luminescence was clearly observed from the excimer of a pair of perylene cores.
Distributed Inference for Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2007)

1 Introduction Very large data sets, such as collections of images, text, and related data, are becoming increasinglycommon, with examples ranging from digitized collections of books by companies such as Google and Amazon, to large collections of images at Web sites such as Flickr, to the recent Netflix customerrecommendation data set. These data sets present major opportunities for machine learning, such as the ability to explore much richer and more expressive models, as well as providing new andinteresting domains for the application of learning algorithms.
Impact of DRX on VoIP Performance and Battery Life in LTE (2009)

Along with higher data rates and application-enriched user terminals, LTE has even higher requirements to conserve the battery power in mobile devices compared to the WCDMA terminals. In LTE, Discontinuous Reception (DRX) has been introduced as one of the key solutions to conserve battery power in mobile terminal. It is very meaningful to investigate the possible impact of DRX on power consumption and also the VoIP performance. This study evaluates several different parameter settings for DRX, and tries to find a reasonable trade-off between VoIP performance and battery life. This study report proposes DRX parameter setting to achieve maximum possible power saving with minimum VoIP degradation. Based on the assumed power saving model and simulation scenario presented in chapter 4 and chapter 5 of this report respectively, the proposed parameter settings can achieve up to ~60% of the terminal power saving. Furthermore, it is concluded that longer DRX cycles are not suitable for VoIP traffic since they introduces longer delays and degrades the VoIP performance particularly in downlink.
Antibodies to Human c- <i>myc</i> Oncogene Product: Evidence of an Evolutionarily Conserved Protein Induced During Cell Proliferation (1984)

Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in order to characterize the protein product of the human c- myc oncogene. Although the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the action of mitogens on resting human T cells.
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> Atomic Layer Deposition on Copper for Water Corrosion Resistance (2011)

Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) atomic layer deposition (ALD) were employed to develop an ultrathin barrier film on copper to prevent water corrosion. The strategy was to utilize Al(2)O(3) ALD as a pinhole-free barrier and to protect the Al(2)O(3) ALD using TiO(2) ALD. An initial set of experiments was performed at 177 °C to establish that Al(2)O(3) ALD could nucleate on copper and produce a high-quality Al(2)O(3) film. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements verified that Al(2)O(3) ALD nucleated and grew efficiently on copper-plated quartz crystals at 177 °C using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water as the reactants. An electroplating technique also established that the Al(2)O(3) ALD films had a low defect density. A second set of experiments was performed for ALD at 120 °C to study the ability of ALD films to prevent copper corrosion. These experiments revealed that an Al(2)O(3) ALD film alone was insufficient to prevent copper corrosion because of the dissolution of the Al(2)O(3) film in water. Subsequently, TiO(2) ALD was explored on copper at 120 °C using TiCl(4) and water as the reactants. The resulting TiO(2) films also did not prevent the water corrosion of copper. Fortunately, Al(2)O(3) films with a TiO(2) capping layer were much more resilient to dissolution in water and prevented the water corrosion of copper. Optical microscopy images revealed that TiO(2) capping layers as thin as 200 Å on Al(2)O(3) adhesion layers could prevent copper corrosion in water at 90 °C for ~80 days. In contrast, the copper corroded almost immediately in water at 90 °C for Al(2)O(3) and ZnO films by themselves on copper. Ellipsometer measurements revealed that Al(2)O(3) films with a thickness of ~200 Å and ZnO films with a thickness of ~250 Å dissolved in water at 90 °C in ~10 days. In contrast, the ellipsometer measurements confirmed that the TiO(2) capping layers with thicknesses of ~200 Å on the Al(2)O(3) adhesion layers protected the copper for ~80 days in water at 90 °C. The TiO(2) ALD coatings were also hydrophilic and facilitated H(2)O wetting to copper wire mesh substrates.
PoTS: A Secure Proof of TEE-Stake for Permissionless Blockchains (2020)

Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain protocols emerged as a promising alternative to the largely energy-wasteful proof of work mechanisms currently in place. In contrast to computing power, however, “stake” is a virtual resource that can be replicated or reused, opening the door to attack vectors that have no counterpart in a PoW setting, and are much harder to defeat. We present PoTS (Proof of TEE-Stake), a novel PoS protocol that leverages properties of trusted execution environments (TEEs) to limit the attack surface of malicious validators, and employs techniques such as forward security to guarantee protection against posterior-corruption attacks. We show that PoTS is secure against nothing at stake, grinding, and long range attacks down to realistic hardware assumptions on TEE and well-established cryptographic assumptions, and retains reasonable security even in face of compromised TEEs. We evaluate the performance of our proposal by means of implementation. Our evaluation results demonstrate that PoTS offers an excellent trade-off between security and performance.
Microsoft Office Excel 2007 formulas & Functions for Dummies (2007)

Introduction. Part I: Putting the Fun in Functions. Chapter 1: Tapping into Formula and Function Fundamentals. Chapter 2: Saving Time with Function Tools. Chapter 3: Saying Array! for Formulas and Functions. Chapter 4: Fixing Formula Boo-Boos. Part II: Counting on Your Money. Chapter 5: Calculating Loan Payments and Interest Rates. Chapter 6: Appreciating What You'll Get, Depreciating What You Got. Chapter 7: Using Basic Math Functions. Chapter 8: Advancing Your Math. Chapter 9: Throwing Statistics a Curve. Chapter 10: Using Significance Tests. Part III: Doing the Math. Chapter 11: Rolling the Dice on Predictions and Probability. Chapter 12: Dressing Up for Date Functions. Chapter 13: Keeping Well-Timed Functions. Chapter 14: Using Lookup, Logical, and Reference Functions. Chapter 15: Digging Up the Facts. Part IV: Working with Data. Chapter 16: Writing Home about Text Functions. Chapter 17: Playing Records with Database Functions. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 18: Ten-Plus Tips for Working with Formulas. Chapter 19: Ten-Plus Functions You Really Should Know. Index.