gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avoiding acetate accumulation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> cultures using feedback control of glucose feeding (2001)

An automated glucose feeding strategy that avoids acetate accumulation in cultivations of Escherichia coli is discussed. We have previously described how a probing technique makes it possible to detect and avoid overflow metabolism using a dissolved oxygen sensor. In this article these ideas are extended with a safety net that guarantees that aerobic conditions are maintained. The method is generally applicable, as no strain-specific information is needed and the only sensor required is a standard dissolved oxygen probe. It also gives the highest feed rate possible with respect to limitations from overflow metabolism and oxygen transfer, thus maximizing bioreactor productivity. The strategy was implemented on three different laboratory-scale platforms and fed-batch cultivations under different operating conditions were performed with three recombinant strains, E. coli K-12 UL635, E. coli BL21(DE3), and E. coli K-12 UL634. In spite of disturbances from antifoam and induction of recombinant protein production, the method reproducibly gave low concentrations of acetate and glucose. The ability to obtain favorable cultivation conditions independently of strain and operating conditions makes the presented strategy a useful tool, especially in situations where it is important to get good results on the first attempt.
A Study of Pipelining in Computing Arrays (1986)

In this paper, we take a hard look at scheduling considerations in computing arrays. A simple sufficient condition is developed for determining whether a computing array can be pipelined. If the array cannot be pipelined in the form given, the condition also indicates the direction in which to proceed to make it pipelineable. The overall framework and methodology take a good part of the load off the logical architect of the array, and make the translation from the logical to the physical architecture a mechanical process.
Methods for Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes (2013)

A growing body of research is investigating the potential contribution of mitochondrial function to the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vitro, in situ, and in vivo methodologies are available to examine various aspects of mitochondrial function, each requiring an understanding of their principles, advantages, and limitations. This review provides investigators with a critical overview of the strengths, limitations and critical experimental parameters to consider when selecting and conducting studies on mitochondrial function. In vitro (isolated mitochondria) and in situ (permeabilized cells/tissue) approaches provide direct access to the mitochondria, allowing for study of mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox function under defined substrate conditions. Several experimental parameters must be tightly controlled, including assay media, temperature, oxygen concentration, and in the case of permeabilized skeletal muscle, the contractile state of the fibers. Recently developed technology now offers the opportunity to measure oxygen consumption in intact cultured cells. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides the most direct way of assessing mitochondrial function in vivo with interpretations based on specific modeling approaches. The continuing rapid evolution of these technologies offers new and exciting opportunities for deciphering the potential role of mitochondrial function in the etiology and treatment of diabetes.
A 9 ns, low standby power CMOS PLD with a single-poly EPROM cell (2003)

The authors describe a 9-ns CMOS programmable logic device (PLD) with a standby current of 10 mu A. The circuit is a 24-pin PLD with 10 I/Os (input/outputs) and 12 dedicated inputs. Each I/O has eight summed-product terms and an output-enable control product term feeding into a programmable macrocell. Most standard 24-pin PLDs can be emulated by selectively programming the macrocell architecture bits. Bit-line precharging circuitry is used to reduce the speed degradation caused by designing for low standby current. 'Ground bounce' is alleviated by controlling the output buffer speed. The circuit has been fabricated in a 1- mu m single-polysilicon CMOS EPROM (electrically programmable read-only memory) technology that has been optimized for speed rather than for packing density. Device and technology characteristics are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect contribution in transverse spin Seebeck effect experiments in Pt/YIG and Pt/NFO (2015)

The spin Seebeck effect, the generation of a spin current by a temperature gradient, has attracted great attention, but the interplay over a millimetre range along a thin ferromagnetic film as well as unintended side effects which hinder an unambiguous detection have evoked controversial discussions. Here, we investigate the inverse spin Hall voltage of a 10 nm thin Pt strip deposited on the magnetic insulators Y3Fe5O12 and NiFe2O4 with a temperature gradient in the film plane. We show characteristics typical of the spin Seebeck effect, although we do not observe the most striking features of the transverse spin Seebeck effect. Instead, we attribute the observed voltages to the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect generated by a contact tip induced parasitic out-of-plane temperature gradient, which depends on material, diameter and temperature of the tip.
SPIRAL: Code Generation for DSP Transforms (2005)

Fast changing, increasingly complex, and diverse computing platforms pose central problems in scientific computing: How to achieve, with reasonable effort, portable optimal performance? We present SPIRAL, which considers this problem for the performance-critical domain of linear digital signal processing (DSP) transforms. For a specified transform, SPIRAL automatically generates high-performance code that is tuned to the given platform. SPIRAL formulates the tuning as an optimization problem and exploits the domain-specific mathematical structure of transform algorithms to implement a feedback-driven optimizer. Similar to a human expert, for a specified transform, SPIRAL "intelligently" generates and explores algorithmic and implementation choices to find the best match to the computer's microarchitecture. The "intelligence" is provided by search and learning techniques that exploit the structure of the algorithm and implementation space to guide the exploration and optimization. SPIRAL generates high-performance code for a broad set of DSP transforms, including the discrete Fourier transform, other trigonometric transforms, filter transforms, and discrete wavelet transforms. Experimental results show that the code generated by SPIRAL competes with, and sometimes outperforms, the best available human tuned transform library code.
Effects of varying solvents and of the addition of sulfur on the rate of thiohydrolysis of aromatic nitriles (1985)

Maximal rates of formation of thioamides from m- and p-substituted benzonitriles were obtained by bubbling H 2 S through solutions of the nitrile in pyridine containing a 0.11 mol fraction of triethylamine or in 95% ethanol containing about 0.22 mol fraction triethylamine; at other mol fractions the rate fell off sharply. The Hammett ρ value of +2.3 in pyridine indicates that HS − is the reactive species. The addition of enough sulfur to saturate the solution leads to about a 3-fold enhancement of rate, probably because of the formation of polysulfide ions in trace amounts.
Immobilized Grubbs catalysts on mesoporous silica materials: insight into support characteristics and their impact on catalytic activity and product selectivity (2015)

The ideal support characteristics for immobilization of the Hoveyda–Grubbs 2 catalyst were defined in the metathesis of cyclooctene and the reaction mechanism to cyclic oligomers was unraveled.
Direct-conversion quadrature modulator MMIC design with a new 90 degrees phase shifter including package and PCB effects for W-CDMA applications (2005)

A 1.9 GHz GaAs direct-conversion quadrature modulator MMIC adopting a new technique to generate 90/spl deg/; phase shift for W-CDMA applications is presented. This 90/spl deg/ phase shifter achieves a phase error less than 1.5/spl deg/ from 1.8 GHz to 2 GHz with extremely low implementation loss. The package and PCB interconnects are also analyzed using the 3-D EM simulation tool and transformed into the equivalent-circuit elements for co-simulation with the designed modulator MMIC. The dominant package and PCB effect is to degrade the sideband suppression, which is disadvantageous to the modulation quality.
Molecular characterization of protein Sir, a streptococcal cell surface protein that binds both immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. (1994)

Cell surface proteins that bind to the Fc part of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and/or IgG are expressed by many strains of the group A Streptococcus, an important human pathogen. Two extensively characterized proteins in this group of molecules are protein Arp that preferentially binds IgA and protein H that binds IgG. In addition, recent work has shown that many group A streptococcal strains express a novel type of Fc-binding protein, designated protein Sir, that binds both IgA and IgG. Protein Sir22, the molecule expressed by a strain of serotype M22, has now been purified and characterized after expression of the cloned gene in Escherichia coli. Dot-blot analysis with a large number of purified monoclonal Igs showed that protein Sir22 reacted with 19 out of 20 IgA proteins and with 19 out of 24 IgG proteins. The affinity constants for the reactions between protein Sir22 and Ig were determined to be 7.0 x 10(8) M-1 for serum IgA, 2.4 x 10(8 M-1 for secretory IgA, and 7.8 x 10(8) M-1 for IgG. Inhibition experiments showed that the bindings of IgA and IgG to protein Sir22 were mutually exclusive, indicating shared or contiguous binding sites. Analysis of the sequence of the sir22 gene indicated a gene product with 365 amino acid residues, including a 41-residue signal peptide. The processed form of the protein, 324 residues, has a calculated M(r) of 37,168. Deletion analysis of the sir22 gene showed that a 156-residue NH2-terminal fragment of protein Sir22 retained the ability to bind both IgA and IgG. The overall organization of protein Sir22 is similar to that of the IgA-binding protein Arp and the IgG-binding protein H. All three of these proteins are members of the M protein family and have a central repeat region of the C type.
Amino Acid Similarity Accounts for T Cell Cross-Reactivity and for “Holes” in the T Cell Repertoire (2008)

T cell cross-reactivity can thus, to an extent greater than earlier appreciated, be explained by amino acid similarity. The results presented in this paper will help resolving some of the long-lasting discussions in the field of T cell cross-reactivity.
Linkage to markers for the chromosome region 17q12-q21 in 13 Dutch breast cancer kindreds. (1993)

We have performed linkage analysis with five markers for the chromosome region 17q12-q21 in 13 Dutch breast cancer kindreds in order to find support for the claim by Hall et al. that a gene in this region, termed "BRCA1," is associated with predisposition to early-onset familial breast cancer. This work is part of a collaborative study, the results of which are published elsewhere in this issue. Best evidence for linkage was observed with the marker CMM86 (D17S74) in pedigrees with an average age at onset of < or = 47 years (LOD score = 1.77 at 1% recombination). In one breast-ovarian cancer family with a high probability of being linked to 17q, we observed one putative recombinant between D17S250 and D17S579, which suggests that BRCA1 is proximal to D17S579.
Hydration of a Polysulfone Anion-Exchange Membrane Studied by Vibrational Spectroscopy (2003)

The water sorption into a polysulfone membrane aminated with trimethylamine has been studied by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra. Spectra of model compounds diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl ether, diphenylisopropane, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, and tetramethylammonium chloride are used to assign the sulfo, ether, and quaternary amine site contributions to infrared and Raman spectra. The polymer−water interaction causes systematic decrease of CH stretching intensities in both IR and Raman spectra. Intensity changes are explained by the ordering of water around quaternary amine sites and by the weakening of the interaction between the positively charged sites and the counterions. Sorption of water into the membrane also causes systematic changes of modes related to sulfo and ether groups. Slight shifts toward longer wavelengths and changes of the band shape are observed, indicating decrease of interchain interactions in the polysulfone membrane.
Mitigating interference with a dual-polarized antenna array in a real environment (2017)

A diversely polarized antenna array combines signal processing in the spatial and polarization domains for significant improvement in receiver robustness against interference. The C/N0 of line-of-sight components is improved since the receiver can use the power present in the left-hand circularly polarized channels, and also interference mitigation improves.
Unexpected Complexity in the Products Arising from NaOH-, Heat-, Amine-, and Glycosylase-Induced Strand Cleavage at an Abasic Site in DNA (2022)

Hydrolytic loss of nucleobases from the deoxyribose backbone of DNA is one of the most common unavoidable types of damage in synthetic and cellular DNA. The reaction generates abasic sites in DNA, and it is important to understand the properties of these lesions. The acidic nature of the α-protons of the ring-opened abasic aldehyde residue facilitates the β-elimination of the 3'-phosphoryl group. This reaction is expected to generate a DNA strand break with a phosphoryl group on the 5'-terminus and a <i>trans</i>-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde residue on the 3'-terminus; however, a handful of studies have identified noncanonical sugar remnants on the 3'-terminus, suggesting that the products arising from strand cleavage at apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA may be more complex than commonly thought. We characterized the strand cleavage induced by the treatment of an abasic site-containing DNA oligonucleotide with heat, NaOH, piperidine, spermine, and the base excision repair glycosylases Fpg and Endo III. The results showed that under multiple conditions, cleavage at an abasic site in a DNA oligomer generated noncanonical sugar remnants including <i>cis</i>-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, 2-deoxyribose, and 3-thio-2,3-dideoxyribose products on the 3'-terminus of the strand break.
Efficacy of Disinfectants on Candida Biofilms at Different Concentrations and Contact Times (2012)

Aims: Candida species cause a wide spectrum of diseases, including hospital-acquired and device-associated infections. The biofilm formation is a major virulence factor in Candida pathogenesis and the cells in biofilm show enhanced resistance to disinfectants. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the commonly used hospital disinfectants (glutaraldehyde (GLU), hydrogen peroxide (HP), peracetic acid (PA), ortho-phtalaldehyde (OPA) and sodium hypochlorite (SH) on biofilms of clinical Candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. tropicalis) isolates.
An Actuarial Model of Violence Risk Assessment for Persons With Mental Disorders (2005)

The multiple ICT model may be helpful to clinicians who are faced with making decisions about discharge planning for acutely hospitalized civil patients.
Base station polarization-sensitive adaptive antenna for mobile radio (2002)

An attractive alternative to combat desired-signal fading and suppress co-channel interference in a mobile radio environment is to use a base station adaptive antenna with polarization-sensitive elements. This paper describes the design of a four-crossed-dipole adaptive array in which polarization discrimination is used to separate the desired signal from both directional and non-directional wave interference. In contrast to previous work, mutual coupling has been included in the evaluation of the array performance, using the method of moments. Further, computer simulation shows that the performance of the adaptive antenna is improved in the presence of a flat-backed corner reflector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of the 3'-poly(A) sequence in translational regulation of mRNAs in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1988)

We investigated the effect of 3'-noncoding and poly(A) sequences on the translation and stability of membrane-bound mRNA (maize zein) and free mRNA (Xenopus beta-globin) by injecting SP6 transcripts into stage 6 Xenopus oocytes. With zein mRNA, the presence or absence of a 3'-noncoding or poly(A) sequence had little effect on mRNA stability over 24 h, and the 3'-noncoding sequence played essentially no role in mRNA translation. With short periods of incubation, e.g. 1-2 h, the presence or absence of a poly(A) tail also had little effect on zein mRNA translation; but after longer periods, translation of the poly(A-) mRNA was significantly reduced. A similar pattern of mRNA translation was observed for poly(A+) and poly(A-) Xenopus beta-globin mRNAs. These differences in translational efficiency correlated with the formation of maximally loaded polysomes (seven-eight ribosomes/mRNA) for the poly(A+) zein mRNA and a failure to form large polysomes with the poly(A-) zein mRNA. These results are consistent with a model in which the 3'-poly(A) sequence of mRNAs facilitates reinitiation of ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Molecular characterization of cell-free eccDNAs in human plasma (2017)

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) have been reported in most eukaryotes. However, little is known about the cell-free eccDNA profiles in circulating system such as blood. To characterize plasma cell-free eccDNAs, we performed sequencing analysis in 26 libraries from three blood donors and negative controls. We identified thousands of unique plasma eccDNAs in the three subjects. We observed proportional eccDNA increase with initial DNA input. The detected eccDNAs were also associated with circular DNA enrichment efficiency. Increasing the sequencing depth in an additional sample identified many more eccDNAs with highly heterogenous molecular structure. Size distribution of eccDNAs varied significantly from 31 bp to 19,989 bp. We found significantly higher GC content in smaller eccDNAs (<500 bp) than the larger ones (>500 bp) (p < 0.01). We also found an enrichment of eccDNAs at exons and 3'UTR (enrichment folds from 1.36 to 3.1) as well as the DNase hypersensitive sites (1.58-2.42 fold), H3K4Me1 (1.23-1.42 fold) and H3K27Ac (1.33-1.62 fold) marks. Junction sequence analysis suggested fundamental role of nonhomologous end joining mechanism during eccDNA formation. Further characterization of the extracellular eccDNAs in peripheral blood will facilitate understanding of their molecular mechanisms and potential clinical utilities.
Hotel Guests' Participation on the Facebook Platform of International Hospitality Brands - Complaint Analysis and Customer Satisfaction (2015)

Social network sites triggered a new potential for the use of the Internet as a major communication channel nowadays, increasing consumers power of expression. Dependently on the quality of the service provided, the tourism industry is no exception and has been adapting to the new online content tools, with Facebook distancing itself as an important vehicle to enhance the relationship between hotels and their guests. The main purpose of this study is to examine Facebook as a complaint platform for hotel guests and measuring hotel guests’ consequent satisfaction, by analyzing and characterizing the complaints made in three major hospitality brands and accessing the interaction and treatment received by hotel guests as a recovery from service failure. Its scientific contribution intends to address the lack of an empirical study on this subject, highlighting the growing importance of dealing and responding to online complaints. It will also provide a practical utility for hotels to better manage their Facebook sites, and to more efficiently tackle the exposed complaints and meet their guests’ needs. Key-words: social media, Facebook, hospitality, complaints, customer satisfaction
Fine purification of silane for removal of chlorosilanes by membrane gas separation (2013)

The membrane separation of a silane, dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, and tetrachlorosilane gas mixture has been theoretically and experimentally studied. The ideal separation factors have been determined experimentally and their values in the separation cell at pressures P 1 and P 2 have been found. The separation factor has been calculated for different ratios of flows in the compartments of a membrane module. The silane cleaning process for the removal of highly penetrating impurities in a radial membrane module and in a membrane module with a feed tank has been calculated.
Deep learning algorithm improves identification of men with low-risk prostate cancer using PSMA-targeted <sup>99m</sup>Tc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT. (2019)

e16572 Background: Previous work has shown that the degree of expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) correlates with prostate cancer (PCa) grade and stage. We evaluated the additive value of a deep learning algorithm (PSMA-AI) of a PSMA-targeted small molecule SPECT/CT imaging agent ( 99m Tc-MIP-1404) to identify men with low risk PCa who are potential active surveillance candidates. Methods: A secondary analysis of a phase III trial (NCT02615067) of men with PCa who underwent 99m Tc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT was conducted. Patients with a biopsy Gleason score (GS) of ≤6, clinical stage ≤T2, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) < 10 ng/mL who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) following SPECT/CT were included in the present analysis. SPECT/CT images were retrospectively analyzed by PSMA-AI, which was developed and locked prior to analysis. PSMA-AI calculated the uptake of 99m Tc-MIP-1404 against the background reference (TBR). The automated TBR of 14 was used as a threshold for PSMA-AI calls of positive disease. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a base model for identifying men with occult GS ≥7 PCa in the RP specimen. This model included PSA density, % positive biopsy cores, and clinical stage. The diagnostic performance of this model was then compared to a second model that incorporated PSMA-AI calls. Results: In total, 87 patients enrolled in the original trial contributed to the analysis. The base model indicated that PSA density and % positive cores were significantly associated with occult GS ≥7 PCa (p < 0.05), but clinical stage was not (p = 0.23). The predictive ability of the model resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73. Upon adding PSMA-AI calls, the AUC increased to 0.77. PSMA-AI calls (p = 0.045), pre-surgery PSA density (0.019) and % positive core (p < 0.004) remained statistically significant. PSMA-AI calls increased the positive predictive value from 70% to 77% and the negative predictive value from 57% to 74%. Conclusions: The addition of PSMA-AI calls demonstrated a significant improvement over known predictors for identifying men with occult GS ≥7 PCa, who are inappropriate candidates for active surveillance. Clinical trial information: NCT02615067.