gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Milk Protein-Lipid Complex HAMLET Sensitizes Bacterial Pathogens to Traditional Antimicrobial Agents (2012)

The fight against antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges to public health of our time. The inevitable development of resistance following the introduction of novel antibiotics has led to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs with new mechanisms of action that are not susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms. One such compound is HAMLET, a natural complex from human milk that kills Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) using a mechanism different from common antibiotics and is immune to resistance-development. In this study we show that sublethal concentrations of HAMLET potentiate the effect of common antibiotics (penicillins, macrolides, and aminoglycosides) against pneumococci. Using MIC assays and short-time killing assays we dramatically reduced the concentrations of antibiotics needed to kill pneumococci, especially for antibiotic-resistant strains that in the presence of HAMLET fell into the clinically sensitive range. Using a biofilm model in vitro and nasopharyngeal colonization in vivo, a combination of HAMLET and antibiotics completely eradicated both biofilms and colonization in mice of both antibiotic-sensitive and resistant strains, something each agent alone was unable to do. HAMLET-potentiation of antibiotics was partially due to increased accessibility of antibiotics to the bacteria, but relied more on calcium import and kinase activation, the same activation pathway HAMLET uses when killing pneumococci by itself. Finally, the sensitizing effect was not confined to species sensitive to HAMLET. The HAMLET-resistant respiratory species Acinetobacter baumanii and Moraxella catarrhalis were all sensitized to various classes of antibiotics in the presence of HAMLET, activating the same mechanism as in pneumococci. Combined these results suggest the presence of a conserved HAMLET-activated pathway that circumvents antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The ability to activate this pathway may extend the lifetime of the current treatment arsenal.
Observations of and applications for self-imaging in optical fibers (1994)

Experimental results of self-imaging in optical fibers are reported along with an analytical model that explains the observations. Some implications for sensor design are discussed.
Lonafarnib in cancer therapy (2006)

Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) are anticancer agents that were designed to block the post-translational attachment of the prenyl moiety to C-terminal cysteine residue of Ras and thus inactivate it. Because Ras plays an important role in tumour progression and the ras mutation is one of the most frequent aberrations in cancer, FTIs have been expected to exert excellent therapeutic activities. Phase I and II clinical trials confirmed relevant antitumour activity and low toxicity; however, no improvement in overall survival has been reported in Phase III trials. The exact mechanism of action of this class of agents is currently unknown. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that the cytotoxic actions of FTIs are not due to the inhibition of Ras proteins exclusively, but to the modulation of other targets, including RhoB, the centromere-binding proteins and other proteins that have not yet been identified. This review describes the pharmacological and clinical data as well as mechanisms of action of FTIs, especially lonafarnib (SCH-66336), a non-peptidomimetic inhibitor that has shown anticancer activity.
Reexamination of the reactions of Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (n = 1-4) with RuCl2(PPh3)3 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReexamination of the reactions of Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (n = 1-4) with RuCl2(PPh3)3Chu W. Jung, Philip E. Garrou, Paul R. Hoffman, and Kenneth G. CaultonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 6, 726–729Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00174a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00174a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1207Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shared Backup &amp; Restore: Save, Recover and Share Personal Information into Closed Groups of Smartphones (2011)

While many solutions for making backups and restoring data are known for servers and desktops, mobile devices pose several challenges, mainly due to the plethora of devices, vendors, operating systems and versions available in the mobile market. In this paper, we introduce a new backup and restore approach for mobile devices, which helps to reduce the effort in saving and restoring personal data. Our approach is platform independent: in particular, we present two prototypes based on two different mobile operating systems: Google Android and Symbian S60. Another feature of our approach lies in the capability of sharing information in mobile devices among a group of selected persons. This can be useful in many situations e.g., in creating a mobile business network among a group of people.
Biometrics-as-a-Service: Cloud-Based Technology, Systems, and Applications (2018)

The guest editors of the IEEE Cloud Computing special issue on Biometrics-as-a-Service discuss the benefits and challenges of using cloud computing with biometric authentication systems as well as the articles included in this issue.
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones. A novel class of mechanism-based inactivators of monoamine oxidase B (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-(Aminomethyl)-3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones. A novel class of mechanism-based inactivators of monoamine oxidase BKent S. Gates and Richard B. SilvermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 25, 9364–9372Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00181a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00181a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views467Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resource allocation and code generation for pointer based pipelined DSP multiprocessors (2002)

A multiprocessor compiler that automatically produces efficient code for synchronous multiprocessors based on digital signal processing (DSP) chips is presented. A code-scheduling technique that is based on an extended list scheduler with partial backtracking is developed. Resource allocations are performed along with the backtracking code scheduling for best results. The scheduler is suboptimal, and relies on several heuristics. The scheduler is shown to be quite efficient in generating codes for many DSP algorithms and for several single-chip DSP processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>KIKI</scp>‐net: cross‐domain convolutional neural networks for reconstructing undersampled magnetic resonance images (2018)

KIKI-net exhibits superior performance over state-of-the-art conventional algorithms in terms of restoring tissue structures and removing aliasing artifacts. The results demonstrate that KIKI-net is applicable up to a reduction factor of 3 to 4 based on variable-density Cartesian undersampling.
Isolation of a cDNA Coding forl-Galactono-γ-Lactone Dehydrogenase, an Enzyme involved in the Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid in Plants (1997)

L-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3; GLDase), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid was purified 1693-fold from a mitochondrial extract of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, var. botrytis) to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 1.1%. The purification procedure consisted of anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, gel filtration, and fast protein liquid chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 56 kDa estimated by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed a pH optimum for activity between pH 8.0 and 8.5, with an apparent Km of 3.3 mM for L-galactono-gamma-lactone. Based on partial peptide sequence information, polymerase chain reaction fragments were isolated and used to screen a cauliflower cDNA library from which a cDNA encoding GLDase was isolated. The deduced mature GLDase contained 509 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 57,837 Da. Expression of the cDNA in yeast produced a biologically active protein displaying GLDase activity. Furthermore, we identified a substrate for the enzyme in cauliflower extract, which co-eluted with L-galactono-gamma-lactone by high-performance liquid chromatography, suggesting that this compound is a naturally occurring precursor of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in vivo.
El primado de Cristo en el orden de la redención (2006)

El articulo hace una reflexion sobre el Primado de Cristo segun el pensamiento de Juan Duns Escoto. El autor medieval entiende a Cristo bajo su aspecto de Redentor absoluto, o de Redentor perfectisimo y universalisimo, como expresamente escribe. Esta esplendida verdad confesada por la Iglesia a lo largo de los siglos, Escoto la interpreta segun un modo de pensar muy original y en un ambiente teologico adverso.
TNFSF15 inhibits vasculogenesis by regulating relative levels of membrane-bound and soluble isoforms of VEGF receptor 1 (2013)

Mouse bone marrow-derived Lin(-)-Sca-1(+) endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) has pluripotent abilities such as supporting neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (VEGFR1) (Flt1) recognizes various VEGF isoforms and is critically implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological settings, including vasculogenesis. Mouse EPC expresses two isoforms of VEGFR1: mFlt1, which transmits ligand-induced signals; and sFlt1, which acts as a negative regulator by sequestering ligands of VEGF receptors. How the relative levels of mFlt1 and sFlt1 are regulated is not yet clear. We report here that tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) (also known as VEGI or TL1A), an endothelial cell-secreted cytokine, simultaneously promotes mFlt1 degradation and up-regulates sFlt1 expression in EPC, giving rise to disruption of VEGF- or PlGF-induced activation of eNOS and MAPK p38 and effective inhibition of VEGF-driven, EPC-supported vasculogenesis in a murine Matrigel implant model. TNFSF15 treatment of EPC cultures facilitates Akt deactivation-dependent, ubiquitin-assisted degradation of mFlt1 and stimulates sFlt1 expression by activating the PKC, Src, and Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Additionally, TNFSF15 promotes alternative splicing of the Flt1 gene in favor of sFlt1 production by down-regulating nuclear protein Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (Jmjd6), thus alleviating Jmjd6-inhibited sFlt1 expression. These findings indicate that TNFSF15 is a key component of a molecular mechanism that negatively modulates EPC-supported vasculogenesis through regulation of the relative levels of mFlt1 and sFlt1 in EPC.
Εισαγωγή στην έκδοση (2019)

.
Blood flow distributions by microsphere deposition methods (2000)

The art and science of the use of deposition markers for the estimation of blood flow distributions throughout the body and within organs is reviewed. Development of diffusible tracer techniques started 50 years ago. Twenty years later, radioactive 15 micron microspheres became the standard marker. Early studies on small animals, fetal sheep in 1967 and rats in 1976, provoked much of the technical development. Needs for avoiding the use of radioactivity, for having long lasting labels, and for providing higher spatial resolution, are driving the continuing exploration of newer techniques using colored and fluorescent microspheres and molecular deposition markers. Strengths and weaknesses of the various methods are compared.
Optimizing quantum optimization algorithms via faster quantum gradient computation (2019)

We consider a generic framework of optimization algorithms based on gradient descent. We develop a quantum algorithm that computes the gradient of a multi-variate real-valued function f : Rd → R by evaluating it at only a logarithmic number of times in superposition. Our algorithm is an improved version of Jordan's gradient computation algorithm [28], providing an approximation of the gradient ▽f with quadratically better dependence on the evaluation accuracy of f, for an important class of smooth functions. Furthermore, we show that objective functions arising from variational quantum circuits usually satisfy the necessary smoothness conditions, hence our algorithm provides a quadratic improvement in the complexity of computing their gradient. We also show that in a continuous phase-query model, our gradient computation algorithm has optimal query complexity up to poly-logarithmic factors, for a particular class of smooth functions. Moreover, we show that for low-degree multivariate polynomials our algorithm can provide exponential speedups compared to Jordan's algorithm in terms of the dimension d.One of the technical challenges in applying our gradient computation procedure for quantum optimization problems is the need to convert between a probability oracle (which is common in quantum optimization procedures) and a phase oracle (which is common in quantum algorithms) of the objective function f. We provide efficient subroutines to perform this delicate interconversion between the two types of oracles incurring only a logarithmic overhead, which might be of independent interest. Finally, using these tools we improve the runtime of prior approaches for training quantum auto-encoders, variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE), and quantum approximate optimization algorithms (QAOA).
Sorption of americium on geologic media (1979)

Abstract The sorption of americium on 34 common rock forming and accessory minerals of igneous rocks has been measured from an artificial groundwater at ambient temperature. Preliminary results are given. For most of the minerals the distribution coefficient increased sharply with pH in the narrow pH range of 3–5, and then tended to level off and decrease at pH above 8–9. For minerals containing anions such as F‐, CO3 2‐, and PO4 3‐, indications of chemisorption were observed. Only for the clays and at low pH can the sorption predominantly be attributed to ion exchange, described by ideal ion exchange equations as indicated from measurements in 4 M NaCl solution.
Deep learning for the segmentation of preserved photoreceptors on en face optical coherence tomography in two inherited retinal diseases (2018)

The objective quantification of photoreceptor loss in inherited retinal degenerations (IRD) is essential for measuring disease progression, and is now especially important with the growing number of clinical trials. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technology widely used to recognize and quantify such anomalies. Here, we implement a versatile method based on a convolutional neural network to segment the regions of preserved photoreceptors in two different IRDs (choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa) from OCT images. An excellent segmentation accuracy (~90%) was achieved for both IRDs. Due to the flexibility of this technique, it has potential to be extended to additional IRDs in the future.
Separating Lines of Text in Free-Form Handwritten Historical Documents (2006)

We present an approach to finding (and separating) lines of text in free-form handwritten historical document images. After preprocessing, our method uses the count of foreground/background transitions in a binarized image to determine areas of the document that are likely to be text lines. Alternatively, an adaptive local connectivity map (ALCM) found in the literature can be used for this step of the process. We then use a min-cut/max-flow graph cut algorithm to split up text areas that appear to encompass more than one line of text. After removing text lines containing relatively little text information (or merging them with nearby text lines), we create output images for each line. A grayscale output image is created, as well as a special mask image containing both the foreground and information flagging ambiguous pixels. Foreground pixels that belong to other text lines are removed from the output images to provide cleaner line images useful for further processing. While some refinement is still necessary, the result of early experimentation with our method is encouraging
The Chemical Quality of Self‐Supplied Domestic Well Water in the United States (2006)

Abstract Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 μg/L) in ∼11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in ∼8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium‐238 exceeded the MCL (30 μg/L) in ∼4% of the wells, and radon‐222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in ∼75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in <1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in <1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in ∼9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl tert ‐butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self‐supplied drinking water resources used by ∼45 million Americans in the United States.
Role of the P<sub>2</sub> Residue in Determining the Specificity of Serpins (1996)

The importance of the P2 residue in determining serpin specificity was examined by making a series of substitutions in the P2 position of recombinant alpha 1-antichymotrypsin that contained an arginine P1 residue. The importance of the P2 residue in governing the association rate constant (Kon) of the serpin varied with the protease examined. For trypsin, the P2 residue played a relatively minor role, whereas the nature of this residue markedly influenced the rates of inhibition of thrombin, factor Xa, and APC. A 1000-fold difference in Kon values was observed between the fastest (P2 proline) and the slowest (P2 threonine) inhibitors of thrombin. Similar differences were observed with factor Xa; the best inhibitor (P2 glycine) displayed a 200-fold higher Kon value than the poorest (P2 threonine). The nature of the P2 residue also affected whether the interaction of the serpin with the protease resulted in inhibition of the protease or cleavage of the serpin; a P2 proline residue increased the rate of cleavage of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by trypsin. By using mutants of thrombin, it was possible to show that the B-insertion loop, which partially occludes the active site, is important in determining the P2 specificity of this enzyme. Deletion of three amino acids from this loop yielded a protease (des-PPW) that became more like trypsin in its specificity. In addition, it was shown that Glu192 dramatically restricts thrombin's ability to accommodate a threonine in the P2 position. Taken together, the results demonstrated the importance of complementary interactions between the P2 residue of the serpin and the S2 binding site of the protease in regulating the specific interaction between serpin and protease.
Isolation enhancement in integrated circuits using dummy metal fill (2008)

Metal fill patterning in modern IC processes is often viewed as parasitics to be minimized. Here, we use metal fills to improve isolation. The improved isolation comes at the cost of increased capacitive loading. This isolation-loading tradeoff is analyzed for various grounding strategies. It is found to be best to ground first inner metal-fill. The effect of finite ground impedance is analyzed. An assumed worst-case ground impedance path of 50Omega is shown to give sufficient grounding up to 10 GHz.