gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical design of negative stiffness honeycomb materials (2015)

A mechanical system exhibits negative stiffness when it requires a decrease in applied force to generate an increase in displacement. Negative stiffness behavior has been of interest for use in vibro-acoustic damping materials, vibration isolation mechanisms, and mechanical switches. This non-intuitive mechanical response can be elicited by transversely loading a curved beam structure of appropriate geometry, which can be designed to exhibit either one or two stable positions. The current work investigates honeycomb structures whose unit cells are created from curved beam structures that are designed to provide negative stiffness behavior and a single stable position. These characteristics allow the honeycomb to absorb large amounts of mechanical energy at a stable plateau stress, much like traditional honeycombs. Unlike traditional honeycombs, however, the mechanism underlying energy-absorbing behavior is elastic buckling rather than plastic deformation, which allows the negative stiffness honeycombs to recover from large deformations. Accordingly, they are compelling candidates for applications that require dissipation of multiple impacts. A detailed exploration of the unit cell design shows that negative stiffness honeycombs can be designed to dissipate mechanical energy in quantities that are comparable to traditional honeycomb structures at low relative densities. Furthermore, their unique cell geometry allows the designer to perform trade-offs between density, stress thresholds, and energy absorption capabilities. This paper describes these trade-offs and the underlying analysis.
Hydrophobic sol–gel channel patterning strategies for paper-based microfluidics (2013)

Hydrophobic sol-gel derived methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) was compared to wax and alkylketene dimer (AKD) as barrier materials defining channels in paper-based microfluidic devices. While all three of the barrier types performed well with water, only the MSQ barriers were not breached by aggressive cell lysing solutions and surfactant solutions (SDS, CTAB, Triton X-100). The MSQ barriers also withstood glycerol, toluene and DMSO whereas all three barrier types were breached by alcohols. MSQ based devices could be prepared either by direct inkjet printing of the barriers or by base etching of MSQ impregnated paper. The functionality of MSQ based devices was demonstrated by formatting a colormetric sensor for Escherichia coli.
Tilt-invariant scanned oblique plane illumination microscopy for large-scale volumetric imaging (2019)

This Letter presents the first demonstration of multi-tile stitching for large scale 3D imaging in single objective light-sheet microscopy. We show undistorted 3D imaging spanning complete zebrafish larvae and over 1 <i>mm</i><sup>3</sup> volumes for thick mouse brain sections. We use remote galvo scanning for light-sheet creation and develop a processing pipeline for 3D tiling across different axes. With the improved one photon (1p) tilt-invariant scanned oblique plane illumination (SOPi, /sōpī/) microscope presented here, we demonstrate cellular resolution imaging at depths exceeding 330 μm in optically scattering mouse brain samples and dendritic imaging in more superficial layers.
Myeloid microvesicles in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with myelin damage and neuronal loss in mild cognitive impairment and <scp>A</scp>lzheimer disease (2014)

Microglial MVs are neurotoxic and myelinotoxic in the presence of Aβ1-42 . CSF myeloid MVs, mirroring microglia activation and MV release, are associated with WM damage in MCI and hippocampal atrophy in AD. This suggests that hippocampal microglia activation, in the presence of Aβ1-42 in excess, produces neurotoxic and oligodendrotoxic oligomers that, through WM tract damage, spread disease to neighboring and connected areas, causing local microglia activation and propagation of disease through the same sequence of events. Ann Neurol 2014;76:813-825.
Lightweight Lead Acid Battery with High Power (2004)

<span class="label">1.0</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The aircraft industry demands high power batteries for auxiliary power unit (APU) and engine start. The power demands for these applications are met lead acid battery, however, these batteries are bulky and heavy. One of the important criteria for selecting an aircraft battery is its weight. There is an acute need for a lead acid battery, which can supply the power and energy demands of the application but also be lightweight. In this paper we present the use of lead coated Aluminum (Al) grids which result in a lightweight lead acid battery. The battery with lead (Pb) coated Al grids are 15% lighter in weight when compared to conventional lead acid battery. The results on capacity, high rate and cycle life of batteries made from lead coated Al grids is presented and discussed in detail in this paper.</div>
<i>In vitro</i> screening of tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs: part II (2010)

With growing use of anticancer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) worldwide, there is a need to assess and screen commercially available natural products for relative tumoricidal properties under standard experimental conditions. In the current study, we screened and ranked 264 traditional Chinese and Egyptian herbal medicines for tumoricidal potency against malignant neuroblastoma in vitro. The data obtained show that tumoricidal potencies of plants were randomly dispersed throughout similar orders, families and genera under the Division: Magnoliophyta, class: Magnoliopsida, subclasses: Asteridae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Hamamelididae, Magnoliidae and Rosidae. The most potent plant extracts (LC₅₀ < 0.08 mg/ml) were prepared from gromwell root also known as 'Hong Tiao Zi Cao' (Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) Family (Boraginaceae) > beth root (Trillium Pendulum), Family (Liliaceae) and galbanum (Ferula Galbaniflua), Family (Apiaceae). Gromwell root is traditionally used in the preparation of Chinese medicinal tea. In addition, galbanum was highly regarded for its sacred and medicinal value according to ancient texts and the bible. Future research will be required to isolate and identify chemical constituents within these plants which are responsible for tumoricidal effects.
Cognitive radio testbed: further details and testing of a distributed genetic algorithm based cognitive engine for programmable radios (2005)

This paper provides details of a distributed genetic algorithm (GA) based cognitive radio engine model for disaster communications and its implementation in a cognitive radio test bed using programmable radios. Future applications include tactical and covert communications. The cognitive system monitor (CSM) module presented here permits cross layer cognition and adaptation of a programmable radio by classifying the observed channel, matching channel behavior with operational goals, and passing these goals to a wireless system genetic algorithm (WSGA) adaptive controller module to evolve and optimize radio operation. The CSM module algorithm provides for parallel distributed operation and includes a learning classifier and meta-GA functions that work from a knowledge base (which may be distributed) in long term memory to synthesize matched channels and operational goals that are retained in short term memory. Experimental results show that the cognitive engine finds the best tradeoff between a host radio's operational parameters in changing wireless conditions, while the baseline adaptive controller only increases or decreases its data rate based on a threshold, often wasting usable bandwidth or excess power when it is not needed due its inability to learn.
A practical methodology for early buffer and wire resource allocation (2002)

The dominating contribution of interconnect to system per-formance has made it critical to plan for buffer and wiring resources in the layout. Both buffers and wires must be con-sidered, since wire routes determine buffer requirements and buffer locations constrain wire routes. In contrast to recent buffer block planning approaches, our design methodology distributes buffer sites throughout the layout. A tile graph is used to abstract the buffer planning problem while also addressing wire planning. We present a four-stage heuristic called RABID for resource allocation and experimentally verify its effectiveness.
Visible light OCT-based quantitative imaging of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium with standard reference targets (2018)

We developed a technology for quantitative retinal autofluorescence (AF, or FAF for fundus AF) imaging for quantifying lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The technology is based on simultaneous visible light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) and AF imaging of the retina and a pair of reference standard targets at the intermediate retinal imaging plane with known reflectivity for the OCT and fluorescence efficiency for the FAF. The technology is able to eliminate the pre-RPE attenuation in FAF imaging by using the simultaneously acquired VIS-OCT image. With the OCT and fluorescence images of the reference targets, the effects of illumination power and detector sensitivity can be eliminated.
CdZnTe Semiconductor Detectors for Spectroscopic X-ray Imaging (2008)

Next generation high-flux X-ray imaging technology is expected to advance towards multi-color or spectroscopic imaging and will significantly expand the capabilities of the technique in a multitude of applications. Spectroscopic X-ray imaging will require energy-sensitive detector arrays. In this work we evaluated the applicability of pulse-mode CdZnTe detector arrays to high-flux spectroscopic imaging. To study the material and device performance limitations of currently available CdZnTe detectors under high-flux X-ray irradiation we designed a 2D monolithic CdZnTe test array and associated test system. The detector arrays were 16 times 16 pixel devices with 0.4 mm times 0.4 mm area pixels on a 0.5 mm pitch and were fabricated using 8.7 mm times 8.7 mm times 3.0 mm CdZnTe single crystals. We measured the high-flux performance of over 1200 such arrays with various bulk CdZnTe crystal properties using a 120 kVp X-ray source and our custom built test system. We studied the various static and dynamic charge collection effects typically not observed in low-flux applications. These included dynamic polarization, static charge steering and dynamic lateral polarization and charge steering. In parallel with the experimental effort we developed a dynamic charge transport and trapping model to describe the experimentally observed static, dynamic and transient phenomena. For the first time we demonstrated > 15 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> counts/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> count-rate for several hundred such CdZnTe detector arrays. In addition we demonstrated good < 1% short term count-rate stability of the detector arrays.
Growing And Assembling Cells Into Tissues (1990)

Laboratory process for growth and assembly of mammalian cells into tissue-like masses demonstrated with hamster and rat cells. New process better able to provide culture environment with reduced fluid shear stress, freedom for three-dimensional spatial orientation of particles suspended in culture medium, and localization of particles of different or similar sedimentation properties in similar spatial region.
Vaccination against schistosomiasis and fascioliasis with the new recombinant antigen Sm14: potential basis of a multi-valent anti-helminth vaccine? (1995)

Molecular cloning of components of protective antigenic preparations have suggested that related parasite fatty acid binding proteins could form the basis of the well documented protective, immune cross reactivity between the parasitic trematode worms Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni. We have now confirmed the cross protective potential of parasite fatty acid binding proteins and suggest that it may be possible to produce a single vaccine that would be effective against at least two parasites, F. hepatica and S. mansoni of veterinary and human importance respectively.
AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION OF SMALL UAVS BASED ON VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODEL (2016)

Abstract. This paper presents a novel approach to autonomous navigation for small UAVs, in which the vehicle dynamic model (VDM) serves as the main process model within the navigation filter. The proposed method significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of autonomous navigation, especially for small UAVs with low-cost IMUs on-board. This is achieved with no extra sensor added to the conventional INS/GNSS setup. This improvement is of special interest in case of GNSS outages, where inertial coasting drifts very quickly. In the proposed architecture, the solution to VDM equations provides the estimate of position, velocity, and attitude, which is updated within the navigation filter based on available observations, such as IMU data or GNSS measurements. The VDM is also fed with the control input to the UAV, which is available within the control/autopilot system. The filter is capable of estimating wind velocity and dynamic model parameters, in addition to navigation states and IMU sensor errors. Monte Carlo simulations reveal major improvements in navigation accuracy compared to conventional INS/GNSS navigation system during the autonomous phase, when satellite signals are not available due to physical obstruction or electromagnetic interference for example. In case of GNSS outages of a few minutes, position and attitude accuracy experiences improvements of orders of magnitude compared to inertial coasting. It means that during such scenario, the position-velocity-attitude (PVA) determination is sufficiently accurate to navigate the UAV to a home position without any signal that depends on vehicle environment.
Correlation of clinical response and response duration with miR-145 induction by lenalidomide in CD34+ cells from patients with del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (2012)

We examined whether lenalidomide exposure up-regulates miRNAs and mRNAs, previously shown to play a role in the disease phenotype of del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome, in pre-treatment CD34(+) marrow cells. We hypothesized that increased expression would predict for clinical response. Changes in miR-143, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-378, miR-584, SPARC and RPS14 were examined in del(5q) (n=10) and non-del(5q) (n=18) myelodysplastic syndrome patient samples. Significantly increased expression of miR-143 (1.8-fold and 1.5-fold in del(5q) and non-del(5q), respectively), and miR-145 (1.9-fold and 1.6-fold in del(5q) and non-del(5q), respectively) was observed. In the del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome cohort, transfusion independence correlated with a 1.3-fold or more increase in miR-145 expression and response over 12 months correlated with a 1.5-fold or more increase. Knockdown of miR-143 and miR-145 in cord blood CD34(+) cells resulted in increased erythroid progenitor activity. Lenalidomide selectively abrogated progenitor activity in cells depleted of miR-143 and miR-145 supporting a key role for miR-143/145 in the sensitivity to lenalidomide of del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome patients.
Reactive oxygen species measure for rapid detection of infection in fluids (2016)

Assessing instantaneous ROS production appears as a fast and reliable diagnostic method for detecting peritoneal and pleural fluid infection.
Facile characterization of translation initiation via nonsense codon suppression (1999)

A new strategy for studying the mechanism of translation initiation in eukaryotes has been developed. The strategy involves the use of an in vitro translation system to incorporate a non-natural fluorescent amino acid into a protein from a suppressor tRNAPheCUA misacylated with that amino acid. It is thereby possible to monitor translation initiation efficiency at an AUG codon in different contexts; this is illustrated for three constructs encoding Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase mRNA with different translation initiation regions. Fluorescence measurements after in vitro translation of the mRNAs in rabbit reticulocyte lysate reflected differences in the position and efficiency of translation initiation and, therefore, can be used for characterization of the translation initiation process.
Development of a Direct Evaporator for the Organic Rankine Cycle (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Organic Rankine Cycle Working Fluid Selection Thermodynamic Considerations Direct Evaporator Design Leak Ignition Summary Acknowledgments
Quality Improvement of Video Codec by Rate-Distortion Optimized Quantization (2011)

Conventional quantization methods consider only the distortion between original and reconstructed video as the cost of compression. Considering the time-varying nature of network bandwidth for multimedia services, we believe a video coding system can provide a better quality of experience if it takes the bit rate of the compressed bit stream into consideration as well when optimizing the quantization. In this paper we present a rate-distortion optimization approach to the quantization of video coding. This approach is able to balance between rate and distortion for quantization and enhance the overall quality of the entire coding system, with only a slight increase in computational overhead. We implement this method in H.264/AVC, and the extensive experimental data obtained under various test conditions show that the performance of the R-D optimized quantization is indeed better than the H.264 reference software.
High sensitivity charge-transfer sense amplifier (1976)

A balanced charge-transfer sense amplifier for one-device cell memory arrays is presented. Charge-transfer techniques are used to preamplify the sense signal and to isolate the large bit/sense (B/S) line capacitance from the nodes of a dynamic latch. The high sensitivity of the sense-refresh amplifier is demonstrated in an experimental memory array with a B/S line to ell storage node capacitance ratio of 40 and a sense signal of about 61 mV. Performance limitations are also discussed.
Position-invariant close-talking microphone array (2006)

Close-talking microphones are commonly used for speech pick-up in high-noise environments since they can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to conventional pressure microphones. Increased SNR is based on the assumption that unwanted noise sources are in the far field. However, close-talking microphones have to be carefully positioned or otherwise they can have reduced SNR improvement. A new close-talking microphone array is proposed that is orientation invariant with respect to the attenuation of far-field noise sources. It is shown that by appropriate processing of the close-talking microphone array signals, one can adaptively compensate for the distance and orientation of the microphone for a near-field source. The proposed close-talking array is based on a spatially orthonormal decomposition of the sound field for a near-field source. It consists of four or more pressure microphones that are mounted in the surface of a small rigid sphere. Finally, it is shown that decomposing the sound field into spatially orthonormal modes leads to a computationally efficient implementation. The orientation compensation is applicable not just to close-taking microphones but to directional microphones in general, e.g., podium microphones or hand-held vocal microphones.
Vaccination with Heat-Killed <i>Listeria</i> as Adjuvant Reverses Established Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation: Role of CD8+ T Cells and IL-18 (2000)

Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) as an adjuvant in immunotherapy successfully reversed ongoing Ag-specific Th2-dominated responses toward Th1-dominated responses, but it was unclear if such immune modulation could reverse ongoing, established disease in target organs such as the lung. In this paper we show that a single dose of Ag plus HKL as adjuvant significantly reduced AHR in a murine model for asthma and reversed established AHR when given late after allergen sensitization. HKL as adjuvant also dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production, significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-gamma synthesis. The inhibitory effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18 mRNA expression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HKL as an adjuvant for immunotherapy mediates immune deviation from a pathological Th2-dominated response toward a protective immune response in peripheral lymphoid tissues and in the lungs and may be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with established asthma and allergic disease.
Hydraulic fluid as a liquid coolant of high power, cw microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma tubes (1991)

Commercially available hydraulic fluid is shown to be an excellent liquid coolant for high power plasma tubes excited in microwave (2.45 GHz) structures such as resonant cavities, ‘‘holes’’ in waveguides, and slotted waveguides. The hydraulic fluid’s very low absorption (tan δ=ε″/ε′=1.87×10−4) at 2.45 GHz makes this liquid useful as a safe and inexpensive coolant of high power, cw microwave plasma tubes. For the spectral region 5700 Å≤λ≤1.1μm, the liquid’s transmission is nearly 100% but greatly reduced for longer wavelengths and non-existent for λ≤5700 Å. Its nonflammable and nontoxic properties plus good viscosity are additional attractive features.
Detector considerations relevant to x-ray diffraction imaging for security screening applications (2009)

X-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) is a novel modality in which the local x-ray diffraction (XRD) properties of inhomogenous objects are measured. Following a brief description of some of the areas in which x-ray diffraction is currently impacting on the detection of materials of interest in the security environment, the principles of energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction tomography employed in XDI are described. The Multi-Inverse Fan Beam (MIFB) topology for 3rd Generation XDI, in which the XRD properties of a spatial array of 2-D volume elements are investigated in parallel without mechanical scanning, is described. 3rd Generation XDI is being driven among other things by rapid technological developments taking place in the field of spectroscopic, room-temperature, semiconductor x-ray detectors. Detector requirements for Next-Generation MIFB XDI are summarized and the potential of 3rd Generation XDI for rapid, accurate and affordable screening in the Checkpoint and Hold Baggage environments is summarized.
Fluorinated tricyclic neuroleptics with prolonged action: 7-Fluoro-11-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazino]-2-isopropyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin (1986)

Substitution reaction of 11-chloro-7-fluoro-2-isopropyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f, ]thiepin with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine gave the title compound I which proved a very potent and longacting oral neuroleptic agent (isofloxythepin). Its resolution by means of dibenzoyl-(+)- and -(-)-tartaric acid led to (-)- and (+)-enantiomer out of which the former represents the neuroleptically active component. In the synthetic sequence leading to I , preparation of two key intermediates was re-elaborated using new partial sequences: 4-fluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid ( XIII ) from 4-fluoro-2-nitroaniline ( V ) via the nitrile VI and the acids VIII and XII , and [4-fluoro-2-(4-iso-propylphenylthio)phenyl]acetic acid ( XVIII ) from XIII via XIV and the compounds XV-XVII . The sulfoxides and N-oxides XIX-XXII were prepared as potential metabolites of isofloxythepin ( I ).