gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rice<i>Pi5</i>-Mediated Resistance to<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>Requires the Presence of Two Coiled-Coil–Nucleotide-Binding–Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes (2009)

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. To understand the molecular basis of Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae, we cloned the resistance (R) gene at this locus using a map-based cloning strategy. Genetic and phenotypic analyses of 2014 F2 progeny from a mapping population derived from a cross between IR50, a susceptible rice cultivar, and the RIL260 line carrying Pi5 enabled us to narrow down the Pi5 locus to a 130-kb interval. Sequence analysis of this genomic region identified two candidate genes, Pi5-1 and Pi5-2, which encode proteins carrying three motifs characteristic of R genes: an N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) motif, a nucleotide-binding (NB) domain, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif. In genetic transformation experiments of a susceptible rice cultivar, neither the Pi5-1 nor the Pi5-2 gene was found to confer resistance to M. oryzae. In contrast, transgenic rice plants expressing both of these genes, generated by crossing transgenic lines carrying each gene individually, conferred Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae. Gene expression analysis revealed that Pi5-1 transcripts accumulate after pathogen challenge, whereas the Pi5-2 gene is constitutively expressed. These results indicate that the presence of these two genes is required for rice Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae.
Novel Method for Coating Magnetic Iron Oxide Particles with Carbon Black (2000)

Magnetic particles with finer size, higher coercive force, higher blackness, and lower electrical resistance are required to produce better magnetic tape materials. A new method to coat iron oxide particles with carbon black using an adhesive agent is reported in this paper. Magnetic tapes prepared using the coated particles in the recording layer exhibit improvements in both light transparency and electrical resistance. A decrease in transparency of ∼20% and a reduction in electrical resistance of ∼1 order of magnitude relative to conventionally prepared tapes are achieved when ∼5% of the particle weight is carbon black. Surface smoothness and the orientation ratio are also improved because the dispersibility of these particles in magnetic lacquer is better than that of uncoated magnetic iron oxide particles. Higher electromagnetic performance relative to the conventionally prepared layers is also obtained. TEM photographs indicate that all the carbon black is firmly bound to the surface of the magnetic iron oxide particles in a distinct layer.
Ultra-Wideband Angle-of-Arrival Tracking Systems (2010)

Systems that measure the angles of arrival of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio signals and perform triangulation by use of those angles in order to locate the sources of those signals are undergoing development. These systems were originally intended for use in tracking UWB-transmitter-equipped astronauts and mobile robots on the surfaces of remote planets during early stages of exploration, before satellite-based navigation systems become operational. On Earth, these systems could be adapted to such uses as tracking UWB-transmitter-equipped firefighters inside buildings or in outdoor wildfire areas obscured by smoke. The same characteristics that have made UWB radio advantageous for fine resolution ranging, covert communication, and ground-penetrating radar applications in military and law-enforcement settings also contribute to its attractiveness for the present tracking applications. In particular, the waveform shape and the short duration of UWB pulses make it possible to attain the high temporal resolution (of the order of picoseconds) needed to measure angles of arrival with sufficient precision, and the low power spectral density of UWB pulses enables UWB radio communication systems to operate in proximity to other radio communication systems with little or no perceptible mutual interference.
Review of malicious mobile applications, phone bugs and other cyber threats to mobile devices (2013)

Modern mobile phones access the Internet and perform a wide range of functions and, therefore, there is a diversity of possible types of attack by malware or other forms of malicious communications that can be launched against a mobile device. Malicious bug installed on the phone enables an attacker to control the infected mobile device remotely. In particular, perform the commands sent from a server of the cyber-criminal, install different applications, and change the settings in the phone's browser. The victim can be signed up for a paid service by having a message sent from his or her number, the victim's personal data (i.e., contacts, messages, call logs, etc.) can be obtained and given to spammers, the victim's location can be obtained as well. Moreover, there is a possibility of involving the owner of the phone in fraudulent scheme without his knowledge. This paper deals with the possible attacks that the mobile phone user may suffer if the device is controlled by the intruder through the bug.
Range and azimuth resolution enhancement for 94 GHz real-beam radar (2008)

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) (range and azimuth) resolution enhancement is investigated for millimeter wave (mmW) real-beam radar (RBR) with linear or non-linear antenna scan in the azimuth dimension. We design a new architecture of super resolution processing, in which a dual-mode approach is used for defining region of interest for 2D resolution enhancement and a combined approach is deployed for obtaining accurate location and amplitude estimations of targets within the region of interest. To achieve 2D resolution enhancement, we first adopt the Capon Beamformer (CB) approach (also known as the minimum variance method (MVM)) to enhance range resolution. A generalized CB (GCB) approach is then applied to azimuth dimension for azimuth resolution enhancement. The GCB approach does not rely on whether the azimuth sampling is even or not and thus can be used in both linear and non-linear antenna scanning modes. The effectiveness of the resolution enhancement is demonstrated by using both simulation and test data. The results of using a 94 GHz real-beam frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radar data show that the overall image quality is significantly improved per visual evaluation and comparison with respect to the original real-beam radar image.
Spatiotemporal Relationship Reasoning for Pedestrian Intent Prediction (2020)

Reasoning over visual data is a desirable capability for robotics and vision-based applications. Such reasoning enables forecasting of the next events or actions in videos. In recent years, various models have been developed based on convolution operations for prediction or forecasting, but they lack the ability to reason over spatiotemporal data and infer the relationships of different objects in the scene. In this paper, we present a framework based on graph convolution to uncover the spatiotemporal relationships in the scene for reasoning about pedestrian intent. A scene graph is built on top of segmented object instances within and across video frames. Pedestrian intent, defined as the future action of crossing or not-crossing the street, is a very crucial piece of information for autonomous vehicles to navigate safely and more smoothly. We approach the problem of intent prediction from two different perspectives and anticipate the intention-to-cross within both pedestrian-centric and location-centric scenarios. In addition, we introduce a new dataset designed specifically for autonomous-driving scenarios in areas with dense pedestrian populations: the Stanford-TRI Intent Prediction (STIP) dataset. Our experiments on STIP and another benchmark dataset show that our graph modeling framework is able to predict the intention-to-cross of the pedestrians with an accuracy of 79.10% on STIP and 79.28% on \rev{Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving (JAAD) dataset up to one second earlier than when the actual crossing happens. These results outperform the baseline and previous work. Please refer to http://stip.stanford.edu/ for the dataset and code.
Fast, Flexible Filtering with Phlat — Personal Search and Organization Made Easy (2006)

Systems for fast search of personal information are rapidly becoming ubiquitous. Such systems promise to dramatically improve personal information management, yet most are modeled on Web search in which users know very little about the content that they are searching. We describe the design and deployment of a system called Phlat that optimizes search for personal information with an intuitive interface that merges search and browsing through a variety of associative and contextual cues. In addition, Phlat supports a unified tagging (labeling) scheme for organizing personal content across storage systems (files, email, etc.). The system has been deployed to hundreds of employees within our organization. We report on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of system use. Phlat is available as a free download at
The Bradyrhizobium japonicum nolA gene and its involvement in the genotype-specific nodulation of soybeans. (1991)

Several soybean genotypes have been identified which specifically exclude nodulation by members of Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123. We have identified and sequenced a DNA region from B. japonicum strain USDA 110 which is involved in genotype-specific nodulation of soybeans. This 2.3-kilobase region, cloned in pMJS12, allows B. japonicum serocluster 123 isolates to form nodules on plants of serogroup 123-restricting genotypes. The nodules, however, were ineffective for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The nodulation-complementing region is located approximately 590 base pairs transcriptionally downstream from nodD2. The 5' end of pMJS12 contains a putative open reading frame (ORF) of 710 base pairs, termed nolA. Transposon Tn3-HoHo mutations only within the ORF abolished nodulation complementation. The N terminus of the predicted nolA gene product has strong similarity with the N terminus of MerR, the regulator of mercury resistance genes. Translational lacZ fusion experiments indicated that nolA was moderately induced by soybean seed extract and the isoflavone genistein. Restriction fragments that hybridize to pMJS12 were detected in genomic DNAs from both nodulation-restricted and -unrestricted strains.
Nonlinear Dynamic Boltzmann Machines for Time-Series Prediction (2017)

The dynamic Boltzmann machine (DyBM) has been proposed as a stochastic generative model of multi-dimensional time series, with an exact, learning rule that maximizes the log-likelihood of a given time series. The DyBM, however, is defined only for binary valued data, without any nonlinear hidden units. Here, in our first contribution, we extend the DyBM to deal with real valued data. We present a formulation called Gaussian DyBM, that can be seen as an extension of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. This uses, in addition to standard (explanatory) variables, components that captures long term dependencies in the time series. In our second contribution, we extend the Gaussian DyBM model with a recurrent neural network (RNN) that controls the bias input to the DyBM units. We derive a stochastic gradient update rule such that, the output weights from the RNN can also be trained online along with other DyBM parameters. Furthermore, this acts as nonlinear hidden layer extending the capacity of DyBM and allows it to model nonlinear components in a given time-series. Numerical experiments with synthetic datasets show that the RNN-Gaussian DyBM improves predictive accuracy upon standard VAR by up to 35%. On real multi-dimensional time-series prediction, consisting of high nonlinearity and non-stationarity, we demonstrate that this nonlinear DyBM model achieves significant improvement upon state of the art baseline methods like VAR and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks at a reduced computational cost.
High Bandwidth Silicon Ring Resonator Raman Amplifier (2006)

We report a high bandwidth silicon Raman amplifier using a ring resonator that has high-Q for the pump laser to enhance the intra-cavity power and low-Q for the signal wavelength to ensure high speed amplification
Select Human Anthrax Protective Antigen Epitope‐Specific Antibodies Provide Protection from Lethal Toxin Challenge (2010)

Bacillus anthracis remains a serious bioterrorism concern, and the currently licensed vaccine remains an incomplete solution for population protection from inhalation anthrax and has been associated with concerns regarding efficacy and safety. Thus, understanding how to generate long-lasting protective immunity with reduced immunizations or provide protection through postexposure immunotherapeutics are long-sought goals. Through evaluation of a large military cohort, we characterized the levels of antibodies against protective antigen and found that over half of anthrax vaccinees had low serum levels of in vitro toxin neutralization capacity. Using solid-phase epitope mapping and confirmatory assays, we identified several neutralization-associated humoral epitopes and demonstrated that select antipeptide responses mediated protection in vitro. Finally, passively transferred antibodies specific for select epitopes provided protection in an in vivo lethal toxin mouse model. Identification of these antigenic regions has important implications for vaccine design and the development of directed immunotherapeutics.
Viscosity and Liquidus Temperature of Ternary Glasses Close to the Eutectic Composition in the CaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –SiO <sub>2</sub> System (2016)

Thermal properties of ternary glass‐forming systems within the known CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system were evaluated. Different glass compositions near the lowest eutectic composition (around a liquidus temperature of 1170°C) within the CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system were melted from pure raw materials. The investigated target range of compositions in wt% was between 60.5 and 63.5 SiO 2 , 13.1 and 16.1 Al 2 O 3 , and 21.4 and 25.4 CaO. The chemical compositions, the glass transition temperatures, and the temperatures attributed to viscosities of 10³ dP a*s were determined experimentally. It was of special interest to obtain information of all these properties of the glasses and the effect of small composition changes hereon. The liquidus temperature changed less than expected for a composition close to the eutectic composition. Temperatures at a viscosity of 10³ dP a*s varied between 1263 and 1363 °C ± 6°C. A liquidus temperature of 1157°C ± 7°C (with a confidence interval of 95%) of the eutectic composition was found. The results reported here may be useful for understanding and improvement of the modeling within the CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glass system.
Efficient transcoding for spatially misaligned compositions for HEVC (2014)

The visualization of (ultra) high-resolution compositions created from multiple input bitstreams requires several decoders at the receiving device. Therefore, not all devices can properly display such compositions. To address this problem, the input streams are decoded, merged into a single video, and re-encoded by a transcoder in the network. However, this approach requires a computationally complex re-encoding step. To reduce this complexity, information from the input bit-streams can be reused during transcoding. In HEVC, simply reusing the original encoding information is not compression efficient if the inserted content is not aligned with the grid of coded blocks. In this paper, we applied feature selection based on a decision tree, which was used in a fast HEVC transcoding model for misaligned content. The performance varies depending on the shift and average transform size in the original sequence, resulting in complexity reductions of up to 76%.
Cripto Binds Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) and Inhibits TGF-β Signaling (2008)

40: The 83-mer sequences used to generate Cripto 1 and 2 short hairpin RNA vectors should read "5-CTGTCTAGACAAAAACAATGACTCTGAATTAAAGTCTCTTGAACTTTAA TTCAGAGTCATTGCGGGGATCTGTGGTCTCATACA-3" and "5-CTGTCTAGACAAAAACTACAATGTCCTAACTGA ATCTCTTGAATTCAGTTAGGACATTGTAGCGGGGATCTGTGGTCTCATACA-3," respectively.
Novel Multitarget Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Bordetella Species in Clinical Specimens (2011)

A novel multitarget real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay for the rapid identification of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. holmesii was developed using multicopy insertion sequences (ISs) in combination with the pertussis toxin subunit S1 (ptxS1) singleplex assay. The RT-PCR targets for the multiplex assay include IS481, commonly found in B. pertussis and B. holmesii; IS1001 of B. parapertussis; and the IS1001-like sequence of B. holmesii. Overall, 402 Bordetella species and 66 non-Bordetella species isolates were tested in the multitarget assay. Cross-reactivity was found only with 5 B. bronchiseptica isolates, which were positive with IS1001 of B. parapertussis. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) of the multiplex assay was similar to the LLOD of each target in an individual assay format, which was approximately 1 genomic equivalent per reaction for all targets. A total of 197 human clinical specimens obtained during cough-illness outbreak investigations were used to evaluate the multitarget RT-PCR assay. The multiplex assay results from 87 clinical specimens were compared to the individual RT-PCR assay and culture results. The multitarget assay is useful as a diagnostic tool to confirm B. pertussis infections and to rapidly identify other Bordetella species. In conclusion, the use of this multitarget RT-PCR approach increases specificity, while it decreases the amount of time, reagents, and specimen necessary for RT-PCRs used for accurate diagnosis of pertussis-like illness.
Immunotoxic Gluten Fraction Detection: Applications in Food Safety (2014)

Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune process and appears in genetically predisposed individuals, with a well-known cause, consisting in a permanent intolerance to gluten, a protein contained in the flour of wheat, rye, barley and oats. The publication of this book written mainly by multidisciplinary Spanish and Latin-American teams such as clinicians, researchers, and teachers, demonstrates the wide interest and the involvement of different disciplines that are necessary to understand celiac disease and gluten-related pathologies, such as non-celiac gluten-sensitivity. This has a great impact in the general public and in the industry. However, the knowledge of non-celiac gluten-related pathologies remains scarce but presently in the process of being properly defined. This book also highlights the importance of recognizing non-celiac gluten-sensitivity and briefly discusses a new definition. It also provides some perspectives to take into account when studying celiac disease in China and Central America. It describes new observations in Mexico, El Salvador and Costa Rica. The psychosocial impact as studied and reported by Argentinean investigators also adds to the value of this book.
Numerical modeling of a four-wave-mixing-assisted Raman fiber laser (2004)

We present a new numerical model of cascaded Raman fiber lasers that takes into account the chromatic dispersion of the fiber and includes the full spectrum of the intracavity field. This model explains and describes remarkably well a new operating regime found experimentally and reveals that chromatic dispersion is truly a new degree of freedom in the design of cascaded Raman lasers.
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Studies of in Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Biodegradable Polymers (1999)

The in vitro hydrolytic degradation at the surface of six biodegradable polymers, namely polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), random copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), poly(sebacic acid) (PSA), and two random copolymer poly(fumaric-co-sebacic) acid (PFS) of different compositions, has been studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS). A distribution of hydrolysis products, namely oligomer molecules, were observed as a series of intact molecular ions in the ToF SIMS spectra for all polymers studied. In most cases, the molecular ion peak in each repeating pattern is the most intense peak. Analysis of the intensities of the molecular ions in the distribution (e.g., approaching Mn) allows chemical kinetic information to be obtained from the ToF SIMS spectra of hydrolyzed samples. In the case of polyglycolic acid, a maximum in the distribution of the molecular ion peaks is observed which changes with respect to the hydrolysis time. For PGA, the average molecular weight of the hydrolysis products can be calculated from the ToF SIMS spectra, and a good linear relationship between the molecular weight and hydrolysis time was obtained. In the case of polyanhydrides, molecular ion peak intensities of the hydrolysis products decrease exponentially with respect to the molecular weight of the hydrolysis products. The slope of log peak intensity versus the molecular weight of hydrolysis products was found to vary with respect to the hydrolytic degradation rates of the polymer. The use of such in vitro kinetic information may be possible to estimate the degradation rate of the surface of the polymer. These data could be used for rapid screening of formulations and preparation of new materials.
On the Generalized LDPC Codes from Multiple Component Codes Suitable for High-Speed Optical Transport (2014)

A class of GLDPC-codes is proposed consisting of multiple local-codes suitable for code-rate-adaptation in high-speed optical-transport-networks, providing excellent coding-gains. GLDPC-decoder for this class of codes is more suitable for parallelization in FPGA/ASIC-hardware compared to LDPC-decoder.
Reference Intervals Data Mining (2014)

The presented statistical algorithm is shown to be an accurate and practical tool for reference interval calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Application of Tris(methylthio)methyl Salts. An Efficient Route to Trithioorthocarboxylic Esters from Strongly Activated Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Systems. (1988)

Abstract The reaction of the electron‐rich aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds (IV) with the tris(methylthio)methyl salts (III), easily prepared from dimethyl trithiocarbonate (I), yields the trithioorthocarboxylic esters (V).
NOVEL BALANITES AEGYPTIACA MESOCARP SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES: FORMATION, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS (2013)

MANAL A. AWAD, RABAB A. EL DIB, NAWAL ALMUSAYEIB, SHAZA AL-MASSARANI, KHALID M. O. ORTASHI, AWATIF A. HENDI King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt. Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Chemical Engneering, College of Engneering, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 1846, Riyadh 11321, Saudi Arabia.