gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of wide-element one-dimensional receiving arrays to measure two-dimensional lateral pressure distribution of ultrasound beams (2017)

Measurement of acoustic fields is an important aspect of ultrasound research and development. The corresponding data is usually collected by a raster scan using a single point receiver moved by a computer-controlled positioning system. A faster approach could be based on the use of a 1D linear multi-element array with several tens or hundreds of small elements, which is moved in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis. The drawback of such an approach is difficulty in making small, closely-positioned receiving elements that provide sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The current paper presents an alternative design for a 1D linear array: instead of using small elements, here it is suggested to use narrow but long elements, with a width on the order of a half wavelength or less and a length larger than the extent of the ultrasound beam being studied. The drawback of the proposed long-element arrays is absence of resolution in the direction along the element. This problem is solved by incrementally rotating the array either around the axis parallel to the array surface and perpendicular to the elements or around the axis perpendicular to the array surface. [Work supported by RSF 14-15-00665, NIH R01 EB007643, and NIH R21 EB016118.]
Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum and Titanium Phosphates (2012)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of phosphate containing thin films using reactions between the metal halide and the phosphorus source without any additional oxygen sources was examined. Two very common metal halides, AlCl3 and TiCl4, were used in conjunction with trimethyl phosphate (TMPO) to grow corresponding metal phosphate films. Aluminum phosphate thin films were deposited at temperatures between 150 and 400 °C while titanium phosphate films grew between 275 and 450 °C. Amorphous films of Al2.6PO7.0 and Al1.6PO5.6 were deposited at 200 and 300 °C, respectively, while the amorphous titanium phosphate films deposited at 300 and 400 °C consisted of Ti0.8PO3.9 and Ti0.6PO3.5 (Ti1.2P2O7). The stability and crystallization of the films were studied with high temperature XRD, while the surface morphology of the annealed films was studied using FESEM.
Dilute nitride type-II 'W' quantum well lasers for the near-infrared and mid-infrared (2005)

Dilute nitride type-II "W" structures have potential for lasing at 1.55 microns (on GaAs substrates) and in the mid-infrared (3-6 microns, on InP substrates). The former active regions utilize (In)GaAsN/GaAsSb/(In)GaAsN/GaAs quantum wells, whereas the latter are based on InAsN/GaAsSb/InAsN/GaInP structures. Following a review of the theoretical rationale, we will present some preliminary MOCVD growth results for the GaAs-based type-II structures, along with their characterization by x-ray, TEM, and photoluminescence. The experimental energy gaps corresponding to the layer compositions determined from characterization are in good agreement with calculations based on the 10-band k×p formalism.
A Data Structure for Sponsored Search (2009)

Inverted files have been very successful for document retrieval, but sponsored search is different. Inverted files are designed to find documents that match the query (all the terms in the query need to be in the document, but not vice versa). For sponsored search, ads are associated with bids. When a user issues a search query, bids are typically matched to the query using broad-match semantics: all the terms in the bid need to be in the query (but not vice versa). This means that the roles of the query and the bid/document are reversed in sponsored search, in turn making standard retrieval techniques based on inverted indexes ill-suited for sponsored search. This paper proposes novel index structures and query processing algorithms for sponsored search. We evaluate these structures using a real corpus of 180 million advertisements.
A time-shared ultrasound Doppler measurement and 2-D imaging system (1988)

Methods for obtaining image-guided Doppler blood velocity measurements are briefly reviewed. Preference is given to a time-sharing scheme in which the Doppler measurement is turned off during the data-acquisition period for a 2-D image frame (typically 20 ms). The signal dropout that occurs during the image-updating period is removed from the Doppler audio by inserting a synthetic signal segment. The synthetic signal is generated by passing white noise through a discrete-time FIR (finite-impulse response) filter with filter coefficients that are a windowed version of the Doppler signal measured immediately prior to the imaging interrupt. It is shown that the artificial signal has spectral properties (and thus audible sound) similar to those of the real Doppler signal segment on which it is based. The time-sharing method is analyzed and evaluated experimentally, using dedicated hardware. The proposed algorithm allows for the design of time-shared Doppler/imaging systems that carry out pulsed or continuous Doppler measurements with essentially real-time imaging guidance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient and rapid transformation of high silica CHA zeolite from FAU zeolite in the absence of water (2017)

High quality CHA zeolite catalysts were efficiently synthesized by fast transformation of FAU zeolite in the absence of water.
Thin, horizontal-plane Hall sensors for read heads in magnetic recording (1997)

We show that thin mesoscopic read-head sensors with a vertical resolution of are advantageous for detecting magnetic fields from high-density recording media and compare such sensors constructed from narrow-gap semiconductors using the Hall bar and Corbino (giant magnetoresistance) geometries. For signal fields below a critical crossover field , the Hall bar yields a larger output voltage. The maximum output voltage for a thin Hall bar detector is proportional to the maximum drift velocity of the sensor material and to its width. The maximum output voltage and power signal-to-noise ratios are calculated for thin Hall bar read-head sensors constructed from a number of polar semiconductor materials. Read heads of this type are shown to be competitive with metallic spin valve magnetoresistive read heads. We propose a simple, commercially practical procedure for the fabrication of thin Hall bar read-head sensors with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution.
Nerve Agent Destruction by Recyclable Catalytic Magnetic Nanoparticles (2005)

Organophosphorus pesticides and warfare agents are not readily hydrolyzed in aqueous media without applying extremes of pH, heat, or bleach. We show that suspensions of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles modified with a common antidote, 2-pralidoxime (PAM) or its polymeric analogue, poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-phenacyloxime-co-acrylic acid), catalyze the hydrolysis of an organophosphate (OP) compound serving as a model of the warfare nerve agents, at neutral pH. The oxime-modified magnetite particle serves as a nanosized particulate carrier with a powerful α-nucleophile, the oximate group, immobilized on its surface. The rates of OP hydrolysis by the PAM-modified magnetite are comparable to those of the most potent copper-based catalysts. The oxime-modified magnetite nanoparticles are colloidally stable at neutral pH and are readily recovered for reuse from the aqueous milieu by high-gradient magnetic separation methods with no loss of catalytic activity.
Design and Optimization of Wireless Charging Drawer Coil for Smart Garments (2022)

In this letter, wireless charging chests suitable for smart garments are analyzed and optimized. The coil structure is optimized to generate a uniform magnetic field in a variety of drawer sizes. With the hybrid Helmholtz–solenoid coil structure, the variation of coupling factor is reduced from 78.2% to 26.4% as compared with solenoidal coil. Two design approaches for multidrawer chest are examined. In the first approach, the coils are optimized for individual drawers. In the second approach, the coils are optimized by considering the entire drawer chest. The measurement results show that the second approach further reduces the variation of charging current of receiver coils placed at different locations.
Cognitive Load Measurement through Multimodal Behaviour Patterns - eScholarship (2010)

Cognitive Load Measurement through Multimodal Behaviour Patterns Natalie Ruiz NICTA, UNSW Ronnie Taib NICTA, UNSW Fang Chen NICTA, UNSW Abstract: Our research focuses on extending the accepted benefits of multimodal computer interaction by using the paradigm to detect fluctuations in cognitive load. The advantage of this approach is that cognitive load can be determined implicitly by monitoring variations in specific multimodal input features executed during day to day tasks using a computer interface. Such unobtrusive measures may help determine the user’s cognitive load in real-time, and achieve the ultimate goal of adapting information selection and presentation in a dynamic computer interface with reference to load. We identified some correlations between the communicative structure of combined speech and manual gesture input and high levels of cognitive load. The results suggest that semantic multimodal communicative structures are sensitive to cognitive load variations, with multimodal communication becoming half as redundant in high load than in low load. The feasibility of using rates of redundant constructions or complementary constructions in multimodal input as an index of cognitive load is supported by the results of our study.
Spatially weighted, grating-based, two-mode, elliptical-core optical fiber vibration sensors (1991)

Photoinduced refractive-index changes in two-mode, elliptical-core optical fibers affect the beat length and the sensor sensitivity. Chirped gratings are written by attaching such fibers to cantilever beams positioned in a strained state. We show that fibers with in-line chirped gratings, with the chirp being shaped in the form of a vibration-mode shape, can be used as spatially weighted fiber sensors for vibration analysis. We demonstrate enhanced detection of the first and second modes of vibration of a cantilever beam using this process; vibration mode suppression of the order of 10 dB is obtained.
Using optical communication for remote underwater robot operation (2010)

Underwater vehicles are typically operated using a tether or a slow acoustic link. We present an underwater optical communication system that enables a high-throughput and low-latency link to an underwater robot. The optical link allows the robot to operate in cluttered environments without the need for a tether. We demonstrate the performance of the system in a number of experiments which characterize the optical link and demonstrate remote control of the robot using a human input device.
Designing compact classifiers for rotation-free recognition of large vocabulary online handwritten Chinese characters (2012)

We present a study of designing compact multiple-prototype based classifiers for rotation-free recognition of online handwritten Chinese characters. Several versions of Rprop algorithms are adopted to optimize a sample-separation-margin based minimum classification error objective function. Split vector quantization technique is used to compress classifier parameters and a fast-match tree is used for efficient recognition. A new preprocessing technique is proposed to achieve rotation-free recognition capability. Promising benchmark results are reported on an online handwritten character recognition task with a vocabulary of 27,720 characters.
Incoherent-erasure joint-transform correlator (1995)

We propose a nonlinear joint-transform correlator that is produced from the erasure of a real-time hologram by the joint-transform spectrum. Our analysis of this incoherent-erasure correlator with a four-wave-mixing readout arrangement indicates that the performance of this correlator exceeds that of the phase-only correlator.
Pushing the limits of digital imaging using structured illumination (2011)

The present work describes an active stereo apparatus that can not only recover scene geometry but also resolve spatial detail beyond the camera optical cutoff. The apparatus is comprised of a camera and a projector whose center-of-perspective is located in the camera pupil plane <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . The scene is illuminated with warped sinusoidal patterns as opposed to periodic or coded patterns. The findings reported in this work can help design imaging systems that feature improved optical resolution and 3D acquisition capabilities.
A novel on-chip protection circuit for RFICs implemented in D-mode pHEMT technology (2007)

This paper presents development of novel circuitry that protects circuits developed in pHEMT technology with minimal impact on RF performance. Reduced on-state resistance, low parasitic capacitance, variable trigger voltage, and small physical size allow the protection circuit to be an attractive solution for ESD protection. Implementation of the circuit in a wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented.
Thrombin inhibitors. 2. Amide derivatives of N.alpha.-substituted L-arginine (1980)

A series of N alpha-(arylsulfonyl)-L-arginine amide derivatives with substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene and heterocyclic compounds as the N alpha-substituent was prepared and tested as inhibitors of the clotting activity of thrombin. N-n-Butyl and N-n-butyl-N-methyl derivatives of N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine amide were the most inhibitory of N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl derivatives of N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine amide. Their inhibitory effect was as potent as that of N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine-n-butyl ester with an I50 of 2 X 10(-6) M. N alpha-Substituted naphtalenesulfonyl-L-arginine amide derivatives of 4-methyl- and 4-ethylpiperidine also showed a potent inhibition with an I50 of 10(-7) to 10(-6) M. The most potent inhibitior in this study was 1-[N alpha-(4,6-dimethoxynaphthalene-2-sulfonyl)-arginyl]-4-methylpiperidine, with an I50 of 7.5 X 10(-8) M. Arginine amide derivatives of 4-methyl- or 4-ethylpiperidine with tetralin or an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound as a N alpha-substituent showed an inhibition with an I50 less than 10(-5) M. N-Monosubstituted derivatives of N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine amide were not hydrolyzed at all by thrombin and were hydrolyzed very slowly by trypsin, and N,N-disubstituted derivatives were not hydrolyzed at all by both enzymes.
Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers (1998)

Two-dimensional vectorial arrays of functional Photosystem I reaction centers have been prepared on atomically flat derivatized gold surfaces. The nature and extent of orientation were controlled by chemical modification of the surface derivative. For mercaptoacetic acid, 83% of the electron transport vectors were parallel to the surface, whereas with 2-mercaptoethanol 70% were oriented perpendicularly in the ``up'' position and only 2% were in the ``down'' position. No preferential orientation was observed with 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol.
Generation of an Allergy Vaccine by Disruption of the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Calcium-Binding Allergen, Phl p 7 (2004)

The grass pollen allergen, Phl p 7, belongs to a family of highly cross-reactive calcium-binding pollen allergens. Because Phl p 7 contains most of the disease-eliciting epitopes of pollen-derived calcium-binding allergens, hypoallergenic variants were engineered according to the x-ray crystal structure of Phl p 7 for allergy vaccination. In three recombinant variants, amino acids essential for calcium binding were mutated, and two peptides comprising the N- and C-terminal half were obtained by synthetic peptide chemistry. As determined by circular dichroism analysis and size exclusion chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, recombinant mutants showed altered structural fold and lacked calcium-binding capacity, whereas the two synthetic peptides had completely lost their structural fold. Allergic patients' IgE Ab binding was strongest reduced to the variant containing two mutations in each of the two calcium-binding sites and to the peptides. Basophil histamine release and skin test experiments in allergic patients identified the peptides as the vaccine candidates with lowest allergenic activity. Immunization of rabbits with the peptides induced IgG Abs that blocked allergic patients' IgE binding to Phl p 7 and inhibited allergen-induced basophil degranulation. Our results indicate that disruption of an allergen's three-dimensional structure represents a general strategy for the generation of hypoallergenic allergy vaccines, and demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific IgG Abs for the inhibition of immediate allergic symptoms.
How hybrid mass spectrometers with multiple analyzers and dissociation methods will transform protein sequence analysis (2010)

We describe the use of new mass spectrometry technology for the large‐scale characterization and quantification of proteomes. The new instrument allows for the implementation of multiple peptide dissociation methods and for the automated selection of each in a real‐time based on multiple precursor attributes. Protein quantification is readily accomplished through use of isotopic labels – either SILAC or iTRAQ. The instrument will propel top‐down proteomics by combining ETD and Orbitrap detection to achieve direct analysis of intact proteins on a sub‐second timescale with ~ 300 ppb mass accuracies. Such mass accuracies are used to directly annotate tandem mass spectral peaks with ion type and chemical composition. We demonstrate these and other aspects of the instrument on a variety of applications involving human embryonic stem (hES) cells. In particular we identified over 8,000 proteins and 13,000 phosphopeptides in an experiment investigating similarities and differences between hES and iPS cells that may affect the use of iPS cells for research and therapeutic purposes.
Hybrid Reconstruction Algorithms for Time Domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography (2014)

We present two algorithms for lifetime multiplexing tomography using time domain measurements that efficiently combines the high resolution capability of early photon tomography with the lifetime separation capability of late arriving photons.
Production of L-iduronate-containing polysaccharide from D-glucose via cyanation reaction (2006)

The present invention provides processes for the production of polysaccharides containing the L-iduronate subunit, for example, heparin-type polysaccharides. New intermediate compounds and processes developed during the production of said polysaccharides are also presented.
Numerical investigation of the split sliding guide vane for a variable nozzle turbine (2018)

The “swing” type guide vane has been widely used to control flow capacity in variable nozzle turbines. One disadvantage of these variable nozzle turbines is the drastic drop in stage efficiency that is caused by nozzle leakage flow when the engine operates at “low-end” conditions. In the present work, a novel split sliding guide vane has been proposed to improve turbine stage performance by mitigating the nozzle leakage flow. The design idea, geometry structure, and actuating method of split sliding guide vane are described in detail. A series of steady numerical simulations were performed on both baseline and split sliding guide vane turbines to verify the effectiveness of the split sliding guide vane, at three representative nozzle openings. Simulation results indicate that split sliding guide vane can effectively improve turbine peak efficiency up to 8% at 6% nozzle opening. In addition, unsteady simulations were also carried out to investigate the interaction between rotor and nozzle, and the aerodynamic loading fluctuations on rotor blades were compared between split sliding guide vane and base model.
The CD22 Epitope, Dose, Dosing Interval, and Timing All Effect Efficacy of Anti-CD22 mAb-Based Therapy of NHL. (2007)

Abstract Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has become integral to non-Hodgkins lymphoma therapy. New, clinically effective, anti-NHL mAb may further improve outcomes. CD22 is a B-lymphocyte-specific adhesion molecule on the surface of most NHL, so it is a promising target for immunotherapy. A panel of anti-CD22 mAbs were developed and tested. Anti-CD22 mAbs that bind the two NH2-terminal immunoglobulin domains of CD22 and specifically block the interaction of CD22 with its ligand were identified. CD22-blocking mAbs induce apoptosis in neoplastic B-cells and are functionally distinguishable from other anti-B-cell, and even other anti-CD22 mAbs. MAbs that do not block ligand-binding have only modest functional effects. HB22.7 is the blocking anti-CD22 mAb chosen for study and characterization in a Raji NHL-bearing nude mouse model. The goal of this study was to characterize the dose, route and schedule of administration that can guide the translation of HB22.7 to a clinical trial. In addition to untreated Raji-bearing nude mice, a control, non-blocking mAb (HB22.27) was compared to HB22.7. The non-blocking mAb had minimal pre-clinical efficacy, whereas HB22.7 improved survival and caused substantial tumor shrinkage. Varying doses of HB22.7 were tested; doses greater than 1.4 mg did not further increase efficacy (or toxicity). An important consideration regarding translation of HB22.7 to clinical trials is the size of tumors to be treated. In this study, tumors less than 200 mm3 had a much higher response rate than did larger tumors. Varying schedules of HB22.7 administration (1.4 mg/dose) were tested; one dose every other week was more effective than more or less frequent dosing. Immuno-PET showed that NHL was effectively and specifically targeted when copper-64-labeled HB22.7 was administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. This study provided preclinical data as to a useful dose, route and schedule of administration of the anti-CD22 mAb, HB22.7
Centrifuge Permeameter for Unsaturated Soils. II: Measurement of the Hydraulic Characteristics of an Unsaturated Clay (2010)

This paper presents the hydraulic characteristics of an unsaturated, compacted clay, including its soil-water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity function (K function), determined using a new centrifuge permeameter developed at the University of Texas at Austin. A companion paper describes the apparatus, its instrumentation layout, and data reduction procedures. Three approaches are evaluated in this study to define the SWRC and K function of the compacted clay under both drying and wetting paths, by varying the inflow rate, the g level, or both. For imposed inflow rates ranging from 20 to 0.1 mL/h and g levels ranging from 10 to 100 g, the measured matric suction ranged from 5 to 70 kPa, the average volumetric water content ranged from 23 to 33%, and the hydraulic conductivity ranged from 2×10−7 to 8×10−11 m/s. The SWRCs and K functions obtained using the three different testing approaches were very consistent, and yielded suitable information for direct determination of the hydraulic characteristics. The approaches differed in the time required to complete a testing stage and in the range of measured hydraulic conductivity values. The g level had a negligible effect on the measured hydraulic characteristics of the compacted clay. The SWRCs and K functions defined using the centrifuge permeameter are consistent with those obtained using pressure chamber and column infiltration tests. The K functions defined using the centrifuge permeameter follow the same shape as those obtained from predictive relationships, although the measured and predicted K functions differ by two orders of magnitude at the lower end of the volumetric water content range.