gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel compound 6D‐offset simulating phantom and quality assurance program for stereotactic image‐guided radiation therapy system (2013)

A comprehensive quality assurance (QA) device cum program was developed for the commissioning and routine testing of the 6D IGRT systems. In this article, both the new QA system and the BrainLAB IGRT system which was added onto a Varian Clinac were evaluated. A novel compound 6D-offset simulating phantom was designed and fabricated in the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH), Hong Kong. The QA program generated random compound 6D-offset values. The 6D phantom was simply set up and shifted accordingly. The BrainLAB ExacTrac X-ray IGRT system detected the offsets and then corrected the phantom position automatically through the robotic couch. Routine QA works facilitated data analyses of the detection errors, the correction errors, and the correlations. Fifty sets of data acquired in 2011 in PWH were thoroughly analyzed. The 6D component detection errors and correction errors of the IGRT system were all within ± 1 mm and ± 1° individually. Translational and rotational scalar resultant errors were found to be 0.50 ± 0.27 mm and 0.54 ± 0.23°, respectively. Most individual component errors were shown to be independent of their original offset values. The system characteristics were locally established. The BrainLAB 6D IGRT system added onto a regular linac is sufficiently precise for stereotactic RT. This new QA methodology is competent to assure the IGRT system overall integrity. Annual grand analyses are recommended to check local system consistency and for external cross comparison. The target expansion policy of 1.5 mm 3D margin from CTV to PTV is confirmed for this IGRT system currently in PWH.
Implementation of transmit antenna weight adaptation through stochastic gradient feedback (2001)

Feedback assisted transmission antenna weight adaptation has been proposed for Third Generation cellular systems to provide increased capacity on the forward link. This approach provides enhancement concurrently from fading mitigation and beam steering. One such algorithm maximizes the usable power to the mobile by perturbation extracted gradient adaptation of the transmit weight vector. With perfect channel estimation and other idealized assumptions this method has been shown to be capable of providing weights approaching that of the optimal multi-element transmitter. In this paper a method for common perturbation transmission is introduced and compared to dedicated perturbation transmission in a CDMA system. In addition, a subspace weighting approach is introduced to enhance the algorithm performance in correlated fading. Simulations of the algorithm operating in a cdma2000 system incorporate feedback bit errors, latency and channel estimation errors with a dedicated pilot.
Microwave Wood Modification Technology and Its Applications (2010)

The use of microwave (MW) technology is growing in all industries. This increased use has resulted from the high efficiency of converting electricity into MW energy; energy savings associated with rapid, in-depth heating of materials; specific interactions that can be achieved between MW energy and materials; radical acceleration of technological processes; reductions in MW equipment costs; and improvements in the reliability of industrial MW equipment. The new technology of MW wood modification is based on the supply of high-intensity MW power, up to 135,000 kW/m 3 at frequencies of 0.922 and 2.45 GHz. Such power induces significant changes to the microstructure of wood and a dramatic increase in wood permeability. A number of commercial applications have been developed based on the fundamental changes in wood structure. These include the treatment of refractory wood species with preservatives, rapid drying of hardwoods, relief of growth and drying stresses in timber, manufacture of the new wood materials Torgvin and Vintorg, and modification of logs, sawn timber, and woodchips for pulping. MW equipment and processing parameters have been developed for three applications that are ready for commercial use. The technology provides significant material and energy savings and will give a new impetus to product development in a very traditional industry. The costs of microwave timber processing range from AU$22 to AU$69 per m 3 . These costs are acceptable to industry and potentially provide wide appeal for use in the timber, biocomposite, and pulp and paper industries.
Test function embedding algorithms with application to interconnected finite state machines (1995)

We present new algorithms for embedding test functions into the state diagram of a finite state machine. We first identify the cases where test functions can be embedded into the state diagram of the given object machine without using an extra input line. When such embedding is possible, our method finds it. In other cases, an extra input line must be added to the object machine to make the embedding possible. For the extra input case, we use partition theory and state variable dependencies in the object machine to obtain a mapping of the test machine states onto the object machine states. This mapping introduces a minimum number of extra state variable dependencies in the augmented machine as compared to the dependencies in the object machine. Experimental results on several MCNC benchmarks show that our method yields augmented machine implementations that have lower area than corresponding full scan designs. The test generation complexity for the augmented machine implementation is the same as that for a full scan design. We further consider the embedding of test functions into machines specified as an interconnection of finite state machines. We incorporate test functions into each component finite state machine such that the augmented interconnected machine has the same testability properties as the product machine with test function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activity of the poly(A) binding protein MSUT2 determines susceptibility to pathological tau in the mammalian brain (2019)

Brain lesions composed of pathological tau help to drive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Here, we identified the mammalian suppressor of tauopathy 2 (<i>MSUT2</i>) gene as a modifier of susceptibility to tau toxicity in two mouse models of tauopathy. Transgenic PS19 mice overexpressing tau, a model of AD, and lacking the <i>Msut2</i> gene exhibited decreased learning and memory deficits, reduced neurodegeneration, and reduced accumulation of pathological tau compared to PS19 tau transgenic mice expressing <i>Msut2</i> Conversely, <i>Msut2</i> overexpression in 4RTauTg2652 tau transgenic mice increased pathological tau deposition and promoted the neuroinflammatory response to pathological tau. MSUT2 is a poly(A) RNA binding protein that antagonizes the canonical nuclear poly(A) binding protein PABPN1. In individuals with AD, MSUT2 abundance in postmortem brain tissue predicted an earlier age of disease onset. Postmortem AD brain tissue samples with normal amounts of MSUT2 showed elevated neuroinflammation associated with tau pathology. We observed co-depletion of MSUT2 and PABPN1 in postmortem brain samples from a subset of AD cases with higher tau burden and increased neuronal loss. This suggested that MSUT2 and PABPN1 may act together in a macromolecular complex bound to poly(A) RNA. Although MSUT2 and PABPN1 had opposing effects on both tau aggregation and poly(A) RNA tail length, we found that increased poly(A) tail length did not ameliorate tauopathy, implicating other functions of the MSUT2/PABPN1 complex in tau proteostasis. Our findings implicate poly(A) RNA binding proteins both as modulators of pathological tau toxicity in AD and as potential molecular targets for interventions to slow neurodegeneration in tauopathies.
Digital pulse width modulator architectures (2004)

This paper presents a survey and classification of architectures for integrated circuit implementation of digital pulse-width modulators (DPWM) targeting digital control of high-frequency switching DC-DC power converters. Previously presented designs are identified as particular cases of the proposed classification. In order to optimize circuit resources in terms of occupied area and power consumption, a general architecture based on tapped delay lines is proposed, which includes segmentation of the input digital code to drive binary weighted delay cells and thermometer-decoded unary delay cells. Integrated circuit design of a particular example of the segmented DPWM is described. The segmented DPWM prototype chip operates at 1 MHz switching frequency and has low power consumption and very small silicon area (0.07 mm/sup 2/ in a standard 0.5 micron CMOS process). Experimental results validate the functionality of the proposed segmented DPWM.
Classification of fluorescent R-Band metaphase chromosomes using a convolutional neural network is precise and fast in generating karyograms of hematologic neoplastic cells (2021)

Karyotype analysis has a great impact on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in hematologic neoplasms. The identification and characterization of chromosomes is a challenging process and needs experienced personal. Artificial intelligence provides novel support tools. However, their safe and reliable application in diagnostics needs to be evaluated. Here, we present a novel laboratory approach to identify chromosomes in cancer cells using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN identified the correct chromosome class for 98.8% of chromosomes, which led to a time saving of 42% for the karyotyping workflow. These results demonstrate that the CNN has potential application value in chromosome classification of hematologic neoplasms. This study contributes to the development of an automatic karyotyping platform.
Method for synthesizing powder materials (1988)

A method for synthesizing ultrafine powder materials, for example, ceramic and metal powders, comprises admitting gaseous reactants from which the powder material is to be formed into a vacuum reaction chamber maintained at a pressure less than atmospheric and at a temperature less than about 400/degree/K (127/degree/C). The gaseous reactants are directed through a glow discharge provided in the vacuum reaction chamber to form the ultrafine powder material. 1 fig.
Mathematical modeling of affinity ultrafiltration process (1988)

An affinity ultrafiltration process has been developed by exploiting affinity binding in conjunction with cross-flow filtration. The process was proven to possess high resolution, high recovery yield, and ease of scale-up. The process could purify trypsin from a trypsin-chymotrypsin mixture batchwise or continuously. Essential for applying this concept was the synthesis of a water-soluble high-molecular-weight polymer bearing m-aminobenzamidine, a strong and specific trypsin inhibitor. A mathematical model was also developed to describe the dynamic behavior of the newly developed purification process. The model was able to predict the profiles of enzyme concentrations in the process with high accuracy.
Molecular Mapping of a Male‐Sterile Gene in Soybean (1998)

A newly identified genie male‐sterile mutant in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has high seed set under natural field conditions and is potentially useful in breeding programs. Meiosis is normal in the mutant line. Sterility in this mutant is caused by failure of cailose dissolution at the tetrad stage, which results in microspore abortion; however, little is known about the male‐sterile gene at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked with the male‐sterile gene (ms) and to place the ms gene onto the soybean molecular genetic map. An F2 population of 107 individuals was constructed from a cross between the mutant msMOS (ms ms) and the cultivar Minsoy (Ms Ms). Two hundred seventy markers, including 219 RFLP and 51 SSRs, were evaluated. Of these, 102 RFLP probes and 31 SSR markers detected polymorphisms between the parents. The F2 population was screened for segregation of these polymorphic molecular markers. Analyses revealed that the male‐sterile locus, designated ‘ms’, was located on linkage group D1b of the USDA/ISU soybean molecular genetic map. The availability of linked DNA markers will facilitate the genetic analysis of this male‐sterility gene in relation to soybean breeding programs, and will be a starting point for the isolation of the ms gene by map‐based cloning.
Nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for monitoring coagulation of liver tissue (2005)

A new NMR parameter is suggested as a sensitive tool for monitoring thermal coagulation of liver tissue. That parameter is the proton magnetization exchange time (tau(MEX)) between water and the proteins. tau(MEX) was very sensitive to coagulation and insensitive to temperature, therefore representing only damage to the tissue, independent of effects caused by temperature fluctuations. The measurement of tau(MEX) by two different methods revealed the existence of two or more groups of proteins, characterized by their different transverse relaxation time, and tau(MEX).
Robust Large-Scale Machine Learning in the Cloud (2016)

The convergence behavior of many distributed machine learning (ML) algorithms can be sensitive to the number of machines being used or to changes in the computing environment. As a result, scaling to a large number of machines can be challenging. In this paper, we describe a new scalable coordinate descent (SCD) algorithm for generalized linear models whose convergence behavior is always the same, regardless of how much SCD is scaled out and regardless of the computing environment. This makes SCD highly robust and enables it to scale to massive datasets on low-cost commodity servers. Experimental results on a real advertising dataset in Google are used to demonstrate SCD's cost effectiveness and scalability. Using Google's internal cloud, we show that SCD can provide near linear scaling using thousands of cores for 1 trillion training examples on a petabyte of compressed data. This represents 10,000x more training examples than the 'large-scale' Netflix prize dataset. We also show that SCD can learn a model for 20 billion training examples in two hours for about $10.
A System for Detecting Failed Electronics Using Acoustics (2018)

Industry-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) used by the United States Navy and Marine Corps are typically coated with a layer of “conformal coating” made of silicone or polyurethane in order to protect electrical and electronic components on the board. Conformal coating has to be removed every time board troubleshooting and maintenance are performed, and must be reapplied after board maintenance is complete. This can be an expensive and time-consuming process. This paper describes an effort to develop a non-contact solution to detect failed components on a PCB without having first to remove the conformal coating. This patent-pending technique detects density changes in the physical makeup of circuit board components due to failure. By analyzing ultrasonic reflections from the components at 2MHz, the authors were able to distinguish between working components and failed components with varying degrees of accuracy. The authors applied this technique to 1KΩ resistors and three types of transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs). Overvoltage faults were induced in these components in order to generate observable density changes. To reduce human error, a measurement rig was built which incorporated an automated X-Y-Z plotter system, in order to process dozens of components at a time without human interaction. The data gathered by this system was processed to isolate only the acoustic reflections of components on a circuit board. Time-domain and frequency-domain features were then extracted. These features were used to train neural networks to distinguish between working components and components with over-voltage faults that were not readily observable by eye. Each type of component or chip needed to have its own associated trained neural network. For 1KΩ resistors, the system has demonstrated seventy to eighty percent accuracy in distinguishing components with over-voltage faults. For two of the TTL ICs, eighty to eighty-five percent accuracy has been achieved. For one IC type, a fifty-five percent accuracy was measured. The authors have demonstrated that low-cost acoustic measurements in the megahertz range can be used to detect failures in ICs and other common circuit board components.
Document image layout comparison and classification (1999)

The paper describes features and methods for document image comparison and classification at the spatial layout level. The methods are useful for visual similarity based document retrieval as well as fast algorithms for initial document type classification without OCR. A novel feature set called interval encoding is introduced to capture elements of spatial layout. This feature set encodes region layout information in fixed-length vectors which can be used for fast page layout comparison. The paper describes experiments and results to rank-order a set of document pages in terms of their layout similarity to a test document. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the features derived from interval encoding in a hidden Markov model based page layout classification system that is trainable and extendible.
Rich context modeling for high quality HMM-based TTS (2009)

This paper presents a rich context modeling approach to high quality HMM-based speech synthesis. We first analyze the over-smoothing problem in conventional decision tree tyingbased HMM, and then propose to model the training speech tokens with rich context models. Special training procedure is adopted for reliable estimation of the rich context model parameters. In synthesis, a search algorithm following a contextbased pre-selection is performed to determine the optimal rich context model sequence which generates natural and crisp output speech. Experimental results show that spectral envelopes synthesized by the rich context models are with crisper formant structures and evolve with richer details than those obtained by the conventional models. The speech quality improvement is also perceived by listeners in a subjective preference test, in which 76% of the sentences synthesized using rich context modeling are preferred. Index Terms: HMM-based TTS, rich context modeling
An improved synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotide N3'->P5' phosphoramidates and their chimera using hindered phosphoramidite monomers and a novel handle for reverse phase purification (1998)

Oligodeoxynucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates are promising candidates for antisense therapeutics, as well as for diagnostic applications. We recently reported a new method for the synthesis of these oligonucleotide analogs which makes use of a phosphoramidite amine-exchange reaction in the key coupling step. We report herein an improved set of monomers that utilize a more reactive, hindered phosphoramidite to produce optimal yields in a single coupling step followed by oxidation, thereby eliminating the need for the previously reported couple-oxidize-couple-oxidize approach. On the 10 micromol scale, the synthesis is performed using only 3.6 equivalents (equiv.) of monomer. An improved oxidation reagent consisting of hydrogen peroxide, water, pyridine and THF is also introduced. Reported here for the first time is the use of a reverse-phase purification methodology employing a ribonucleotide purification handle that is removed under non-acidic conditions, in contrast to the conventional dimethoxytrityl group. The synthesis and purification of uniformly modified N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate oligodeoxy-nucleotides, as well as their chimera containing phosphodiester and/or phosphorothioate linkages at predefined positions, using these new methodologies are included herein. The results of31P NMR studies that led to this improved amine-exchange methodology are also described.
NH2-terminally modified gastric inhibitory polypeptide exhibits amino-peptidase resistance and enhanced antihyperglycemic activity. (1999)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is an important insulin-releasing hormone of the enteroinsular axis that, like glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (tGLP-1), has a functional profile of possible therapeutic value for type 2 diabetes. Both incretin hormones are rapidly inactivated in plasma by the exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV. The present study examined the ability of NH2-terminal modification of human GIP to protect from plasma degradation and enhance insulin-releasing and antihyperglycemic activity. Degradation of GIP by incubation at 37 degrees C with purified DPP IV was clearly evident after 4 h (54% intact). After 12 h, >60% of GIP was converted to GIP(3-42), whereas >99% of NH2-terminally modified Tyr1-glucitol GIP remained intact. Tyr1-glucitol GIP was similarly resistant to serum degradation. The formation of GIP(3-42) was almost completely abolished by inhibition of plasma DPP IV with diprotin A. Effects of GIP and Tyr1-glucitol GIP were examined in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injection of either peptide (10 nmol/kg) together with glucose (18 mmol/kg). Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower and insulin concentrations higher after both peptides compared with glucose alone. More importantly, individual glucose values at 15 and 30 min together with the areas under the curve (AUCs) for glucose were significantly lower after administration of Tyr1-glucitol GIP compared with GIP (AUC 255 +/- 33 vs. 368 +/- 8 mmol x l(-1) x min(-1), respectively; P < 0.01). This was associated with a significantly greater and more protracted insulin response after Tyr1-glucitol GIP than GIP (AUC 773 +/- 41 vs. 639 +/- 39 ng x ml(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that Tyr1-glucitol GIP displays resistance to plasma DPP IV degradation and exhibits enhanced antihyperglycemic activity and insulin-releasing action in vivo.
Near-lossless video summarization (2009)

The daunting yet increasing volume of videos on the Internet brings the challenges of storage and indexing to existing online video services. Current techniques like video compression and summarization are still struggling to achieve the two often conflicting goals of low storage and high visual and semantic fidelity. In this work, we develop a new system for video summarization, called "Near-Lossless Video Summarization" (NLVS), which is able to summarize a video stream with the least information loss by using an extremely small piece of metadata. The summary consists of a set of synthesized mosaics and representative keyframes, a compressed audio stream, as well as the metadata about video structure and motion. Although at a very low compression ratio (i.e., 1/30 of H.264 baseline in average, where traditional compression techniques like H.264 fail to preserve the fidelity), the summary still can be used to reconstruct the original video (with the same duration) nearly without semantic information loss. We show that NLVS is a powerful tool for significantly reducing video storage through both objective and subjective comparisons with state-of-the-art video compression and summarization techniques.