gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolution Neural Network Algorithm for Shockable Arrhythmia Classification Within a Digitally Connected Automated External Defibrillator (2023)

Background Diagnosis of shockable rhythms leading to defibrillation remains integral to improving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes. New machine learning techniques have emerged to diagnose arrhythmias on ECGs. In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, an algorithm within an automated external defibrillator is the major determinant to deliver defibrillation. This study developed and validated the performance of a convolution neural network (CNN) to diagnose shockable arrhythmias within a novel, miniaturized automated external defibrillator. Methods and Results There were 26 464 single-lead ECGs that comprised the study data set. ECGs of 7-s duration were retrospectively adjudicated by 3 physician readers (N=18 total readers). After exclusions (N=1582), ECGs were divided into training (N=23 156), validation (N=721), and test data sets (N=1005). CNN performance to diagnose shockable and nonshockable rhythms was reported with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, F1, and sensitivity and specificity calculations. The duration for the CNN to output was reported with the algorithm running within the automated external defibrillator. Internal and external validation analyses included CNN performance among arrhythmias, often mistaken for shockable rhythms, and performance among ECGs modified with noise to mimic artifacts. The CNN algorithm achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.995 (95% CI, 0.990-1.0), sensitivity of 98%, and specificity of 100% to diagnose shockable rhythms. The F1 scores were 0.990 and 0.995 for shockable and nonshockable rhythms, respectively. After input of a 7-s ECG, the CNN generated an output in 383±29 ms (total time of 7.383 s). The CNN outperformed adjudicators in classifying atrial arrhythmias as nonshockable (specificity of 99.3%-98.1%) and was robust against noise artifacts (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve range, 0.871-0.999). Conclusions We demonstrate high diagnostic performance of a CNN algorithm for shockable and nonshockable rhythm arrhythmia classifications within a digitally connected automated external defibrillator. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03662802; Unique identifier: NCT03662802.
NEXT GENERATION NOVACOR LVAS - A MINIATURIZED PULSATILE PUMP (2000)

The next-generation Novacor Left Ventricular Assist System (LVAS) has been designed. Like current commercially available systems, it provides a physiologic pumping action and generates pulsatile flow. However, it is small, simple and fully implantable without a volume compensator. The Novacor II LVAS builds on established Novacor technology, but embodies a unique design that overcomes many of the limitations inherent in current systems. The current pulsatile LVAS is a valved, positive displacement pump in which a flexible polymer pumping chamber's volume is varied, while inlet and outlet valves provide unidirectional flow. Both the structure and the pumping action mimic the native heart. However, employing a pump stroke volume of the same magnitude as the LV stroke (e.g., ∼80 ml) imposes an irreducible size constraint. The Novacor II circumvents this limitation by using a pair of much smaller (< 20 ml stroke) pumping chambers configured in parallel. A single common pusher plate is positioned between two valved pump sacs. The two chambers pump alternately via reciprocating displacement of the septum, generating effectively uninterrupted flow. By executing multiple displacement cycles, the system can generate any required stroke volume. Modulation of the cycle frequency produces true pulsatility. The single pusher plate is driven by direct electromagnetic actuation. This simple, bearingless system exhibits high energy conversion efficiency, while linear force versus current characteristics enhance control system capability. The total implant size is approximately one third that of current systems, and comparable to second-generation rotary pumps with magnetic levitation bearings. A prototype system has been tested in vitro, providing ventricular unloading while generating physiologic flows and output pressures. The control system demonstrated sensitivity to preload, with pump cycle rate modulation synchronized to analog LV activity.
The Arabidopsis WRINKLED1 transcription factor affects auxin homeostasis in roots (2017)

WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a key transcriptional regulator of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in diverse oil-containing tissues. Loss of function of Arabidopsis WRI1 leads to a reduction in the expression of genes for fatty acid biosynthesis and glycolysis, and concomitant strong reduction of seed oil content. The wri1-1 loss-of-function mutant shows reduced primary root growth and decreased acidification of the growth medium. The content of a conjugated form of the plant growth hormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-Asp, was higher in wri1-1 plants compared with the wild-type. GH3.3, a gene encoding an enzyme involved in auxin degradation, displayed higher expression in the wri1-1 mutant. EMSAs demonstrated that AtWRI1 bound to the promoter of GH3.3. Specific AtWRI1-binding motifs were identified in the promoter of GH3.3. In addition, wri1-1 displayed decreased auxin transport. Expression of some PIN genes, which encode IAA carrier proteins, was reduced in wri1-1 plants as well. Correspondingly, AtWRI1 bound to the promoter regions of some PIN genes. It is well known that auxin exerts its maximum effects at a specific, optimal concentration in roots requiring a finely balanced auxin homeostasis. This process appears to be disrupted when the expression of WRI1 and in turn a subset of its target genes are misregulated, highlighting a role for WRI1 in root auxin homeostasis.
A middle ear microphone design based on the physiology of the ear (2010)

Contrary to present external microphones, the proposed middle ear microphone does not measure the sound pressure but the acoustic deflection of a middle ear bone caused by an incoming pressure wave at the ear drum. By means of a seismic inertial transducer, minute vibrations in the range from 0.1 to 10 kHz should be measured. The innovation of our new capacitive sensor design is the consideration of the physiology of the ear and hearing characteristics enabling the detection of the ossicle’s vibration more than one decade below the eigenfrequency of the transducer. Additionally, the output dynamic is reduced. Hence, the demands on the signal processing unit are lowered. Finally, this approach leads to lower susceptibility to gravity and instability caused by electrostatic forces.
Molecular cloning of a gene (polA) coding for an unusual DNA polymerase I from Treponema pallidum (2000)

The gene coding for the DNA polymerase I from Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, was cloned and sequenced. Depending on which of the two alternative initiation codons was used, the protein was either 997 or 1015 amino acids long and the predicted protein had a molecular mass of either 112 or 114 kDa. Sequence comparisons with other polA genes showed that all three domains expected in the DNA polymerase I class of enzymes were present in the protein (5'-3' exonuclease, 3'-5' exonuclease and polymerase domains). Additionally, there were four unique insertions of 20-30 amino acids each, not seen in other DNA polymerase I enzymes. Two of the inserts were near the boundary of the two exonuclease domains and the other two interrupted the 3'-5' exonuclease domain which is involved in proofreading. The predicted amino-acid sequence had an exceptionally high content of cysteine (2.4% compared with <0.05% for most other sequenced DNA polymerase I enzymes). The polA gene was further cloned into pProEXHTa for expression and purification. The transformants expressed a protein of 115 kDa. Antibodies raised against synthetic peptide fragments of the putative DNA polymerase I recognised the 115-kda band in Western blot analysis. No DNA synthesis activity could be demonstrated on a primed single-stranded template. Although significant quantities of the protein were produced in the host Escherichia coli carrying the plasmid, it was not capable of complementing a polA(-) mutant in the replication of a polA-dependent plasmid.
Spatially and spectrally resolved imaging of modal content in large-mode-area fibers (2008)

A new measurement technique, capable of quantifying the number and type of modes propagating in large-mode-area fibers is both proposed and demonstrated. The measurement is based on both spatially and spectrally resolving the image of the output of the fiber under test. The measurement provides high quality images of the modes that can be used to identify the mode order, while at the same time returning the power levels of the higher-order modes relative to the fundamental mode. Alternatively the data can be used to provide statistics on the level of beam pointing instability and mode shape changes due to random uncontrolled fluctuations of the phases between the coherent modes propagating in the fiber. An added advantage of the measurement is that is requires no prior detailed knowledge of the fiber properties in order to identify the modes and quantify their relative power levels. Because of the coherent nature of the measurement, it is far more sensitive to changes in beam properties due to the mode content in the beam than is the more traditional M(2) measurement for characterizing beam quality. We refer to the measurement as Spatially and Spectrally resolved imaging of mode content in fibers, or more simply as S(2) imaging.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Cell Constructs Using Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel (2010)

A morphologically controlled three-dimensional (3D) cell construct composed of only cells and having no scaffold material might be a valuable biologic material for tissue engineering applications, as the scaffold materials can cause delay of tissue regeneration in some conditions. To obtain such a 3D cell construct, a 3D thermoresponsive hydrogel (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide) was prepared as a mold material that changes its volume depending on the temperature. Three-dimensional osteoblast cell constructs with a variety of morphologies as well as a monolayered cell sheet were obtained by decreasing the surrounding temperature of the hydrogel designed with a predefined shape and formed by curing in a polymer mold manufactured via 3D printing. The cell sheet or 3D cell constructs detachment resulted from a simple change in the gel volume, not by the surface chemistry of the gel, because the surface hydrophilicity of the gel was maintained over a wide temperature range. These 2D/3D cell constructs have numbers of exciting applications such as cell carriers for tissue regeneration or as model tissues for the biological study.
Development of acoustic flow instruments for solid/gas pipe flows (1986)

Two nonintrusive acoustic flow sensing techniques are reported. One technique, passive in nature, simply measures the bandpassed acoustic noise level produced by particle/particle and particle/wall collisions. The noise levels, given in true RMS voltages or in autocorrelations, show a linear relationship to particle velocity but increase with solid concentration. Therefore, the passive technique requires calibration and a separate measure of solid concentration before it can be used to monitor the particle velocity. The second technique is based on the active cross-correlation principle. It measures particle velocity directly by correlating flow-related signatures at two sensing stations. The velocity data obtained by this technique are compared with measurements by a radioactive-particle time-of-flight (TOF) method. A multiplier of 1.53 is required to bring the acoustic data into agreement with the radioactive TOF result. The difference may originate from the difference in flow fields where particles are detected. The radioactive method senses particles mainly in the turbulent region and essentially measures average particle velocity across the pipe, while the acoustic technique detects particles near the pipe wall, and so measures the particle velocity in the viscous sublayer. Both techniques were tested in flows of limestone and air and 1-mm glass beads and air at the Argonne National Laboratory Solid/Gas Test Facility (SGFTF). The test matrix covered solid velocities of 20 to 30 m/s in a 2-in. pipe and solid-to-gas loading ratios of 6 to 22. 37 refs., 19 figs., 4 tabs.
Selection of commercial enzymes suitable for making soymilk-curd. (1987)

A soymilk-clotting efficiency test was carried out with various commercial proteinases. The efficiency was relatively high in the cases of proteinases originating from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus and bromelain, while it was relatively low in those of Endothia parasitica, Rhizopus sp., Mucor miehei, papain and trypsin. Of the enzymes investigated, proteinases showing high proteolytic activity as to soymilk-protein also exhibited high soymilk-clotting efficiency. Such coagulation of soymilk-protein increased with the addition of CaCl2 or MgCl2 to the soymilk. The coagula, formed with enzymes showing high soymilk-clotting efficiency, could easily be separated into soymilk-curd and whey by centrifugation at 1600 × g for 2min. The volume ratio, after centrifugation of coagula formed at 5 min incubation with the enzymes, of soymilk-curd to whey was about 1:1, and the volume of the curd had a tendency to increase with increasing incubation time. The experimental results suggest that alkaline and neutral proteinases originating from microorganisms are suitable for making soymilk-curd on an industrial scale.
Scannerless range imaging with a square wave (1995)

Scannerless range imaging (SRI) is a unique approach to three dimensional imaging without scanners. SRI does, however, allow a more powerful light source to be used as compared to conventional laser radar (LADAR) systems due to the speed of operation associated with this staring system. As a result, a more efficient method of operation was investigated. As originally conceived, SRI transmits a continuous intensity modulated sinusoidal signal; however, a square wave driver is more energy efficient than a sinusoidal driver. In order to take advantage of this efficiency, a square wave operational methodology was investigated. As a result, four image frames are required for the extraction of range using a square wave to unambiguously resolve all time delays within one time period compared to a minimum of three frames for the sinusoidal wave.
Electrically Conductive Fibre Composites Prepared from Polypyrrole-Engineered Pulp Fibres (2008)

In this research work, electrically conductive paper composites were prepared from polypyrrole-engineered pulp fibres by two methods: (a) exclusively from such engineered fibres; and (b) from a mixture of the modified fibres and unmodified ones. Both composites were investigated for their conductivity and strength properties as a function of monomer dosage or percentage of treated fibres in the mixture. It was found that, for the “mixture” method (i.e., by adding treated fibres as conductive fillers), less monomer (i.e., conductive polymer) was needed to achieve the same conductivity while a higher tensile strength in the paper was attained when comparing with paper obtained exclusively from treated fibres. The percolation model was adopted to describe such paper—conducting polymer composites, and the much lower percolation threshold achieved through the “mixture” method can be explained by a multiple-percolation theory. The long-term environmental aging stability of these composites was also monitored, and attempts were made to interpret the observed conductivity decay through existing kinetic models. Dans ce travail de recherche, des composites de papier électriquement conductifs ont été préparés à partir de fibres de pâte traitées au polypyrrole par deux méthodes : (a) exclusivement à partir de fibres traitées par cette méthode et (b) à partir d'un mélange de fibres modifiées et non modifiées. Les deux composites ont été étudiés quant à leurs propriétés de conductivité et de résistance mécanique en fonction du dosage de monomères ou du pourcentage de fibres traitées dans le mélange. On a trouvé que pour la méthode du « mélange » (en ajoutant des fibres traitées comme agents de remplissage conductifs), on a besoin de moins de monomères (polymère conductif) pour atteindre la même conductivité, alors qu'une force de traction plus grande est atteinte dans cet article, contrairement à d'autres résultats obtenus exclusivement à partir de fibres traitées. On a adopté le modèle de percolation pour décrire de tels composites de polymères conductifs, et le seuil de percolation nettement plus bas atteint par la méthode du « mélange » peut s'expliquer par une théorie à percolation multiple. La stabilité de vieillissement environnementale à long terme de ces composites a également été observée et des tentatives sont faites pour interpréter l'affaiblissement de la conductivité à l'aide des modèles de cinétique existants.
How to Increase Effectiveness of Inference in Rule-Based Systems (2019)

The control of the inference process is an important, though not always noticed, problem of using rule-based systems built with the use of knowledge-based approach in practice. Therefore, we have developed an inference algorithm allowing to minimize the costs of data acquisition. The algorithm was patented in the USA. The aim of this paper is to present the principles of the developed algorithm and the advantages of using it in scientific research and business practice. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by using an example of a banking scoring system.
c-w solid state laser (1976)

An efficient continuous wave solid state laser is described. An array of semiconductor diode lasers is employed to generate a pump light source at an absorption wavelength for a solid state laser such as Nd:YAG laser. The array of diode lasers is pulsed at a high repetition rate to produce narrow light pulses which are directed upon an end surface of the solid state laser rod. The pump pulses rate is selected sufficiently high to establish CW operation of the solid state laser while the duty cycle for the pump-light source is sufficiently low to avoid excessive junction heating of the diode lasers, which would substantially reduce their output power.
High-Efficiency Concave and Conventional Solar Cell Integration System Using Focused Reflected Light (2006)

A concave Si single crystal prepared by mechanical polishing was successfully processed to a solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 14.7%. The concave cell could focus its reflection to a small spot, which generated further output in a conventional Si solar cell placed at the focal point. The total efficiency of this system became as high as 16.3%. The calculation results clearly show that there is room for further improvement of the total conversion efficiency by the correspondence between the small cell area and the focused spot size as well as the increase in concentration ratio.
Supply Modulation of a Broadband Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier (2018)

This work presents multi-level supply modulation of a load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA). The RF-input LMBA employs dynamic active matching for efficient operation over an octave bandwidth. Supply modulation is a natural candidate to further enhance the back-off efficiency of this broadband amplifier due to its independence on RF carrier frequency. In the ET-LMBA prototype demonstrated here, an efficient hybrid multi-level converter (power DAC) produces supply levels from 10 to 30 V to modulate the drain of the balanced amplifier. Digital predistortion is used to linearize the ET-LMBA behavior at discrete steps and over frequency. This system is demonstrated at 2.1, 2.7 and 3.5 GHz with a 20-MHz, 10-dB PAPR signal showing composite efficiency improvement between 9 and 12 percentage points when supply modulation is employed, while maintaining linearity.
A New Blue Cheese Food Material from Ultrafiltrated Skim Milk and Microbial Enzyme-Mold Spore Reacted Fat (1975)

A new Blue cheese food material with a potential for continuous production was developed by blending a skim milk retentate of ultrafiltration with microbial tipase-mold spore reacted butterfat or coconut oil. Fat and salt in the new product were lower than in natural Blue cheese. The food showed similar organoleptic characteristics as Blue cheese and a smooth, creamy texture. It was uniformly white without any visible mold mycelia. Total carbonyls (77.8 /lmol/g) and methyl ketones (55.6 /amol/g) were considerably higher than in natural Blue cheese before standardization. Heptanone and nonanone, major methyl ketones in the new product, existed at 25.7 and 10.3 /lmol/g.
Generation of Uniform Colloidal Assemblies in Soft Microfluidic Devices (2003)

A microfluidic device is used to generate uniform emulsion droplets containing monodisperse latex spheres at specific intervals by shearing off the tip of the incoming aqueous phase at the junction of two microfluidic channels (see Figure). The water‐in‐oil emulsions are converted to uniform colloidal assemblies of latex spheres by slowly removing water from the aqueous emulsion droplets.
COMBINED BULBOUS BOW AND SONAR DOME FOR A VESSEL; PATENT (1994)

To reduce the total ship resistance and to improve a Propeller efficiency and cavitation performance due to the reduced thrust loading on the propeller for ships or vessels having a sonar dome or an equivalently shaped designs located below the baseline of the hull, a tear-drop-shaped bulbous bow is attached to the ship stem bow between the forward perpendicular of the bow and 12.7 ft forward of the forward perpendicular of the vessel, inclusive, and between the ship design waterline and the baseline.
A robust and flexible all optical CDMA multichannel transmission system for the access domain (2002)

A multichannel optical CDMA system for the access domain, which is fully variable in terms of channel data rate and channel number is presented. Various network functionalities are illustrated, which are completely realized on the optical layer.