gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amine‐Tunable Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones (2014)

Abstract A series of efficient ruthenium catalysts has been developed for the asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of ketones with high reactivities and selectivities. The new chiral bisdihydrobenzooxaphosphole (BIBOP)/diamine‐ruthenium complexes catalyzed the enantioselective hydrogenation of substrates such as aryl and heteroaryl cyclic and alkyl ketones with substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratios of up to 100,000. The opposite sense of enantioselectivity can be obtained by proper selection of a diamine with a given chirality of the phosphine. The usefulness of the new system has been demonstrated in the asymmetric hydrogenation of a complex synthetic intermediate towards cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors at S/C 20,000 on large‐scale operation. magnified image
Performance Analysis of a Continuous Rotating Annular Electrophoresis Column (1986)

Abstract A new continuous electrophoresis column is proposed which will allow for the continuous separation of industrial scale multicomponent mixtures. Computer simulated calculations predict steady-state bed temperature, separation distance, and power requirements. The proposed design compares favorably to previous designs in terms of minimizing peak bed temperature and power consumed.
Characterization of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by Ultrahigh-Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition and Chemical Mechanical Polishing (1997)

A high performance top-gate thin film transistor (TFT) has been fabricated using an as-deposited polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) followed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this process, due to the ultraclean environment and very low-pressure deposition of UHV/CVD, high-quality poly-Si films can be obtained and no long-term or post-recrystallization in channel films is needed. Maximum field effect mobilities of 58 cm 2 /V·s and 98 cm 2 /V·s for p- and n-channel TFTs, respectively, an ON/OFF current ratio of 1.1×10 7 for both p- and n-channels, and threshold voltages of -0.54 V for p-channel and 0.36 V for n-channel devices, respectively, are achieved. Finally, an analytical model of poly-Si TFTs was used to simulate the gate-voltage-dependent activation energy on the threshold and above the threshold regions and showed good agreement.
Feasibility of Deep Learning–Based PET/MR Attenuation Correction in the Pelvis Using Only Diagnostic MR Images (2018)

This study evaluated the feasibility of using only diagnostically relevant magnetic resonance (MR) images together with deep learning for positron emission tomography (PET)/MR attenuation correction (deepMRAC) in the pelvis. Such an approach could eliminate dedicated MRAC sequences that have limited diagnostic utility but can substantially lengthen acquisition times for multibed position scans. We used axial T2 and T1 LAVA Flex magnetic resonance imaging images that were acquired for diagnostic purposes as inputs to a 3D deep convolutional neural network. The network was trained to produce a discretized (air, water, fat, and bone) substitute computed tomography (CT) (CT<sub>sub</sub>). Discretized (CT<sub>ref-discrete</sub>) and continuously valued (CT<sub>ref</sub>) reference CT images were created to serve as ground truth for network training and attenuation correction, respectively. Training was performed with data from 12 subjects. CT<sub>sub</sub>, CT<sub>ref</sub>, and the system MRAC were used for PET/MR attenuation correction, and quantitative PET values of the resulting images were compared in 6 test subjects. Overall, the network produced CT<sub>sub</sub> with Dice coefficients of 0.79 ± 0.03 for cortical bone, 0.98 ± 0.01 for soft tissue (fat: 0.94 ± 0.0; water: 0.88 ± 0.02), and 0.49 ± 0.17 for bowel gas when compared with CT<sub>ref-discrete</sub>. The root mean square error of the whole PET image was 4.9% by using deepMRAC and 11.6% by using the system MRAC. In evaluating 16 soft tissue lesions, the distribution of errors for maximum standardized uptake value was significantly narrower using deepMRAC (-1.0% ± 1.3%) than using system MRAC method (0.0% ± 6.4%) according to the Brown-Forsy the test (<i>P</i> < .05). These results indicate that improved PET/MR attenuation correction can be achieved in the pelvis using only diagnostically relevant MR images.
Optical flow background estimation for real-time pan/tilt camera object tracking (2013)

As Computer Vision (CV) techniques develop, pan/tilt camera systems are able to enhance data capture capabilities over static camera systems. In order for these systems to be effective for metrology purposes, they will need to respond to the test article in real-time with a minimum of additional uncertainty. A methodology is presented here for obtaining high-resolution, high frame-rate images, of objects traveling at speeds ⩾1.2 m/s at 1 m from the camera by tracking the moving texture of an object. Strong corners are determined and used as flow points using implementations on a graphic processing unit (GPU), resulting in significant speed-up over central processing units (CPU). Based on directed pan/tilt motion, a pixel-to-pixel relationship is used to estimate whether optical flow points fit background motion, dynamic motion or noise. To smooth variation, a two-dimensional position and velocity vector is used with a Kalman filter to predict the next required position of the camera so the object stays centered in the image. High resolution images can be stored by a parallel process resulting in a high frame rate procession of images for post-processing. The results provide real-time tracking on a portable system using a pan/tilt unit for generic moving targets where no training is required and camera motion is observed from high accuracy encoders opposed to image correlation.
Improving the analysis of laser welding process by the reassigned time-frequency representations (2006)

On line quality monitoring, in industrial plants, is an open field for signal processing application. In this paper we explore the method of reassignment for extracting information from signals detected during the laser welding process. The reassignment method was first applied to the spectrogram by Kodera, Gendrin and de Villedary [22, 23] and later generalized to any bilinear time-frequency representation by Auger and Flandrin [24]. Key to the method is a nonlinear convolution where the value of the convolution is not placed at the center of the convolution kernel but rather reassigned to the center of mass of the function within the kernel. The resulting reassigned representation yields significantly improved components localization. We briefly recall the fundamental concepts of the theory of time-frequency representations, discussing some time-frequency distributions, after that we review the reassignment method. Finally we compare the proposed time-frequency distributions by analyzing signals detected during the laser welding of tailored blanks, demonstrating the advantages of the reassigned representation, giving practical applicability to the proposed method.
Impact of frequency range and input impedance on airway-tissue separation implied from transfer impedance (1993)

In humans, application of the DuBois (DuBois et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 587-594, 1956) six-element model to respiratory transfer impedance (Ztr) data has been proposed as a means to noninvasively estimate airway and tissue properties. This approach requires prior knowledge of alveolar gas compressibility (Cg). With input impedance (Zin), prior knowledge of Cg is not required, but the data do not support a reliable separation of airway from tissue properties. In this study, we investigated the separation of airway and tissue properties when Ztr and Zin data are measured and analyzed simultaneously over a larger frequency range than usual. In 10 healthy adults, we measured Ztr and Zin from 2 to 64 Hz. Zin was measured using both the standard approach with oscillations directly into the airway opening (Zst) and the head generator approach (Zhg) with oscillations applied around the head. With Ztr data alone, we found that the airway resistance and inertance estimates were reliable with only 2- to 32-Hz data and were unaffected by including the additional 32- to 64-Hz data. Conversely, the estimates of tissue resistance and inertance were highly unreliable unless the 32- to 64-Hz data are included. Because of enhanced sensitivity of Ztr to Cg from 32 to 64 Hz, inaccuracies in the assigned Cg will distort the estimated tissue but not airway properties. The Ztr-based parameters predicted Zhg data far better than Zst data, which is consistent with Zhg data being less influenced by upper airway shunting over this frequency range. There was no apparent advantage to combining Ztr and Zhg data during parameter estimation. With Cg unfixed, the estimated Cg was 50-100% higher than expected from an independent measurement of functional residual capacity. These results confirm that Ztr alone can provide a reliable distinction of lumped respiratory airway and tissue properties that are little influenced by upper airway wall shunting but only if 2- to 64-Hz data are analyzed. This distinction, however, requires an accurate prior measurement of Cg, and this requirement cannot be removed by combining Ztr and Zin data.
<title>Nanoscale phosphorous atom arrays created using STM for the fabricaton of a silicon-based quantum computer</title> (2001)

Quantum computers offer the promise of formidable computational power for certain tasks. Of the various possible physical implementations of such a device, silicon based architectures are attractive for their scalability and ease of integration with existing silicon technology. These designs use either the electron or nuclear spin state of single donor atoms to store quantum information. Here we describe a strategy to fabricate an array of single phosphorus atoms in silicon for the construction of such a silicon based quantum computer. We demonstrate the controlled placement of single phosphorus bearing molecules on a silicon surface. This has been achieved by patterning a hydrogen mono-layer resist with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip and exposing the patterned surface to phosphine (PH<SUB>3</SUB>) molecules. We also describe preliminary studies into a process to incorporate these surface phosphorus atoms into the silicon crystal at the array sites.
Chemical Modification of the Multitarget Neuroprotective Compound Fisetin (2011)

Many factors are implicated in age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders, making it unlikely that modulating only a single factor will provide effective treatment. Perhaps a better approach is to identify small molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. Recently, we identified an orally active, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing molecule, the flavonoid fisetin, that is effective in several animal models of CNS disorders. Fisetin has direct antioxidant activity and can also increase the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant. In addition, fisetin has both neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, its relatively high EC(50) in cell based assays, low lipophilicity, high topological polar surface area (tPSA), and poor bioavailability suggest that there is room for medicinal chemical improvement. Here we describe a multitiered approach to screening that has allowed us to identify fisetin derivatives with significantly enhanced activity in an in vitro neuroprotection model while at the same time maintaining other key activities.
Analog Seizure Detection and Performance Evaluation (2006)

Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder affecting both adults and children. Over two-and-one-half million individuals in the United States have epilepsy and 25% of them do not respond to drugs. A significant focus of current research efforts is the development of a fully implantable device for real-time seizure detection and automated warning and blockage of seizures. The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating a novel tool, the percentile tracking filter into a successful, validated seizure detection algorithm to create an analog seizure detection device. We demonstrate, in a small-scale study, that the performance of this analog implementation is statistically similar to a digital implementation of a previously described and successfully validated seizure digital algorithm. This analog implementation can be realized into an application specific integrated circuit that is suitable for a fully implantable device for seizure monitoring, warning and treatment, which is likely to consume very little power, a feature of practical value.
Sorting of C<sub>4</sub>Olefins with Interpenetrated Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials by Combining Molecular Recognition and Size‐Sieving (2017)

Abstract C 4 olefin separations present one of the great challenges in hydrocarbon purifications owing to their similar structures, thus a single separation mechanism often met with limited success. Herein we report a series of anion‐pillared interpenetrated copper coordination for which the cavity and functional site disposition can be varied in 0.2 Å scale increments by altering the anion pillars and organic linkers (GeFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐32), NbFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐52), GeFSIX‐14‐Cu‐i (ZU‐33)), which enable selective recognition of different C 4 olefins. In these materials the rotation of the organic linkers is controlled to create a contracted flexible pore window that enables the size‐exclusion of specific C 4 olefins, while still adsorbing significant amounts of 1,3‐butadiene (C 4 H 6 ) or 1‐butene (n‐C 4 H 8 ). Combining the molecular recognition and size‐sieving effect, these materials unexpectedly realized the sieving of C 4 H 6 /n‐C 4 H 8 , C 4 H 6 /iso‐C 4 H 8 , and n‐C 4 H 8 /iso‐C 4 H 8 with high capacity.
Yellow-green strained-InGaP quantum-well epitaxial-transparent-substrate light emitting diodes (2004)

We present a strained-InGaP quantum-well light emitting diode (LED) operating in the green to yellow region of the visible spectrum. The active layer consists of an undoped, compressively strained In0.32Ga0.68P or In0.37Ga0.63P quantum well deposited via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on a transparent In0.22(Al0.2Ga0.8)0.78P/∇x[Inx(Al0.2Ga0.8)1−xP]/GaP virtual substrate. Epitaxial-transparent-substrate LEDs based on this structure emit with a primary peak at 590 nm and a secondary peak at 560 nm. The highest LED power of 0.18 μW per facet at 20 mA was observed for a quantum well composition of In0.32Ga0.68P and a threading dislocation density on the order of 7×106 cm−2. The same device structure intentionally grown with a threading dislocation density on the order of 5×107 cm−2 exhibited an identical spectral shape with a reduced power of 0.08 μW per facet at 20 mA. Based upon superspots present in transmission electron diffraction from the quantum well region, the observed spectrum is the result of emission from ordered and disordered domains in the active region. Devices with a quantum well composition of In0.37Ga0.63P and an overall threading dislocation density on the order of 5×107 cm−2 emit at a single peak wavelength of 588 nm with a power of 0.06 μW per facet at 20 mA.
Capacity Reconfigurable Origami Enabled MIMO Antenna (2019)

In this work, a capacity reconfigurable Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. The goal is to allow the capacity of a MIMO communication channel to be adjusted in real time to varying data rate, gain, and space requirements. As a proof-of-concept, an eight element MIMO antenna is created using microstrip dipoles operating at 2.4 GHz. To reduce mutual coupling, the elements have their centers co-aligned and are orthogonally oriented with respect to one another. The antenna is implemented on a 3D printed modified scissor lift mechanism. This robust mechanism allows the channel capacity to be varied as a function of inter-element spacing. Based on the preliminary results using the proposed origami topology, the capacity can vary up to 50% while the gain can vary up to 10% by changing the inter-element spacing.
Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase for the Treatment of Patients with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy: Study Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Multiple Dose, Open Label Trial (2019)

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disorder which primarily affects the gastrointestinal and nervous systems. This disease is caused by mutations in the nuclear <i>TYMP</i> gene, which encodes for thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme required for the normal metabolism of deoxynucleosides, thymidine, and deoxyuridine. The subsequent elevated systemic concentrations of deoxynucleosides lead to increased intracellular concentrations of their corresponding triphosphates, and ultimately mitochondrial failure due to progressive accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mtDNA depletion. Currently, there are no treatments for MNGIE where effectiveness has been evidenced in clinical trials. This Phase 2, multi-centre, multiple dose, open label trial without a control will investigate the application of erythrocyte-encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase (EE-TP) as an enzyme replacement therapy for MNGIE. Three EE-TP dose levels are planned with patients receiving the dose level that achieves metabolic correction. The study duration is 31 months, comprising 28 days of screening, 90 days of run-in, 24 months of treatment and 90 days of post-dose follow-up. The primary objectives are to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of multiple doses of EE-TP. The secondary objectives are to assess EE-TP immunogenicity after multiple dose administrations and changes in clinical assessments, and the pharmacodynamics effect of EE-TP on clinical assessments.
Efficient synthesis of isocarbacyclins. (1989)

An efficient and useful synthesis of isocarbacyclins, potent carbon analogs of Prostacyclin(PGI2), has been accomplished.Three synthetic routes to isocarbacyclins using intramolecular thermal ene reaction or intramolecular aldol condensation as a key step are described.
Renal Ultrafiltration Changes Induced by Focused US (2009)

Glomerular ultrafiltration and size selectivity can be temporarily modified with simultaneous application of US and microbubbles. This method could offer new opportunities for treatment of renal disease.
Alkyl-Cyclens as Effective Sulfur- and Phosphorus-Free Friction Modifiers for Boundary Lubrication (2017)

Modern automotive engines operate at higher power densities than ever before, driving a need for new lubricant additives capable of reducing friction and wear further than ever before while not poisoning the catalytic converter. Reported in this paper is a new class of molecular friction modifier (FM), represented by 1,4,7,10-tetradodecyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (1a), designed to employ thermally stable, sulfur- and phosphorus-free alkyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles with multiple nitrogen centers per molecule. The multiple nitrogen centers enable cooperative binding to a surface which provides strong surface adsorption and lubricant film durability in the boundary lubrication (BL) regime. A 1 wt % loading of the cyclen FM 1a in Group III base oil exhibits strong surface adsorption, leading to excellent reductions in friction (70%) and wear (95%) versus the pure Group III oil across a wide temperature range. The lubricant with the new FM additive also outperforms two commercially available noncyclic amine-based FMs and a fully formulated commercial 5W30 motor oil.
Interspecies Differences in Virus Uptake versus Cardiac Function of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (2014)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is one of the most common human pathogens causing myocarditis. Its receptor, the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), not only mediates virus uptake but also relates to cytoskeletal organization and intracellular signaling. Animals without CAR die prenatally with major cardiac malformations. In the adult heart, CAR is important for virus entry and electrical conduction, but its nonmuscle functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that chicken CAR expression exclusively in the heart can rescue the otherwise embryonic-lethal CAR knockout phenotype but does not support CVB3 infection of adult cardiomyocytes. Our findings have implications for the evolution of virus-host versus physiological interactions involving CAR and could help to improve future coxsackievirus-directed therapies inhibiting virus replication while maintaining CAR's cellular functions.
Boost power factor correction circuits (1994)

In this paper, we present two modified boost converter topologies to be used as power factor correction circuits. Zero-voltage switching and proper transformer-core resetting are achieved utilizing the parasitic capacitance of the switch and the magnetization inductance of the transformer. Steady state analysis for the two circuits is given. To verify our theoretical approval, simulation results are reported.
Challenge to the Synthesis of α''-Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub>Compound Nanoparticle with High Saturation Magnetization for Rare Earth Free New Permanent Magnetic Material (2013)

Single-phase α''-Fe16N2 nanoparticles have been synthesized with high reproducibility in gram amounts for the first time. The nanoparticles were obtained through the various kinds of successive procedure starting from the reduction of Fe-oxides, followed by nitriding in an atmosphere with very low moisture and oxygen contents of less than 1 ppm through the entire process. The single-phase α''-Fe16N2 nanoparticles exhibited saturation magnetization (Ms) of 234 emu/g at 5 K and a magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) of 9.6×106 erg/cm3. These magnetic properties of this α''-Fe16N2 nanoparticles suggest that a new path for a possible candidate of the rare-earth-free permanent magnet material with a high Ms.
Abstract P521: Effect of Endovascular Thrombectomy on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion in the Escape Trial (2021)

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves 90-day disability in patients following acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. However, the effect of EVT on health-related quality of life and specific functional domains, and whether this effect differs by age or sex is less studied. Methods: We used data from the ESCAPE randomized controlled trial to obtain EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D) at 90 days after acute stroke in patients randomized to EVT or standard care. Death was assigned an index value of 0 for EQ-5D. We used quantile regression to evaluate the association between EVT and EQ-5D index scores, and logistic regression for the association between EVT and symptom-free status among 90-day survivors for each EQ-5D dimension (self-care, usual activities, mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), assessing for modification by age or sex and adjusting for baseline factors including stroke severity, affected hemisphere, and receipt of alteplase. Results: There were 165 patients randomized to EVT and 150 patients randomized to control. Median EQ-5D was significantly higher for those who received EVT (0.80 versus 0.60; p<0.001). There was evidence of modification by age with older age associated with greater improvements in EQ-5D with EVT (Figure). Those receiving EVT had higher odds of symptom-free status in self-care, usual activities, mobility for those aged 60-79, and pain/discomfort for women, with no association with anxiety/depression (Table). Conclusions: EVT substantially improves health-related quality of life, with relatively greater impact in older individuals and observed benefit across multiple dimensions.