gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random Rough Surface Simulations (2001)

The core ideas behind one-dimensional random rough surface scattering are introduced in Chapter 4. The authors describe in detail the discretization procedure for the surface integral equations in the Dirichlet, Neumann, and two-media problems. Numerical methods for generating Gaussian and fractal rough surface profiles are described. The issue of truncating the rough surface and limiting the computational domain is also an important one, and the authors discuss two popular approaches. The first approach uses a tapered incident wave that illuminates only a part of the entire rough surface, while the second approach uses a periodic boundary condition. The authors include discussion of wave scattering from real-life rough surface profiles. In addition to simulating bistatic scattering from rough surfaces, they also take an in-depth look at emissivity calculations based on rough surface simulations, which impose much more stringent energy conservation requirement.
Bounded distortion harmonic mappings in the plane (2015)

We present a framework for the computation of harmonic and conformal mappings in the plane with mathematical guarantees that the computed mappings are C ∞ , locally injective and satisfy strict bounds on the conformal and isometric distortion. Such mappings are very desirable in many computer graphics and geometry processing applications. We establish the sufficient and necessary conditions for a harmonic planar mapping to have bounded distortion. Our key observation is that these conditions relate solely to the boundary behavior of the mapping. This leads to an efficient and accurate algorithm that supports handle-based interactive shape-and-image deformation and is demonstrated to outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
Synthesis of Single Crystal LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>for Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Single crystal Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 materials in NMC532/artificial graphite cells have excellent long term charge-discharge cycle lifetime which greatly exceeds that of conventional NMC532 materials. There are a few patents from industry regarding the synthesis of single crystal NMC. In addition, there have only been a few reports in the academic literature showing that single crystal NMC with a grain size of ∼2–5 μm having good electrochemical performance was successfully synthesized, but these workers used complex approaches. This work systematically studies the steps required to synthesize single crystal NMC materials. The key synthesis steps including the impact of the Li to transition metal ratio, sintering temperature, precursor size and sintering time are discussed. This work provides guidance for the synthesis of single crystal NMC positive electrode materials that may be suitable for lithium-ion cells with high energy density and long lifetime.
Feasibility characterization of cryptographic primitives for constrained (wearable) IoT devices (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) employs smart devices as its building blocks for developing a ubiquitous communication framework. It thus supports a wide variety of application domains, including public safety, healthcare, education, and public transportation. While offering a novel communication paradigm, IoT finds its requirements closely connected to the security issues. The role of security following the fact that a new type of devices known as wearables constitute an emerging area. This paper delivers an applicability study of the state-of-the-art cryptographic primitives for wearable IoT devices, including the pairing-based cryptography. Pairing-based schemes are well-recognized as fundamental enablers for many advanced cryptographic applications, such as privacy protection and identity-based encryption. To deliver a comprehensive view on the computational power of modern wearable devices (smart phones, watches, and embedded devices), we perform an evaluation of a variety of them utilizing bilinear pairing for real-time communication. In order to deliver a complete picture, the obtained bilinear pairing results are complemented with performance figures for classical cryptography (such as block ciphers, digital signatures, and hash functions). Our findings show that wearable devices of today have the needed potential to efficiently operate with cryptographic primitives in real time. Therefore, we believe that the data provided during this research would shed light on what devices are more suitable for certain cryptographic operations.
IM7/LARC(tm) MPEI-1 Polymide Composites (1998)

LARC(Trademark) MPEI-1 (Langley Research Center(Trademark) modified phenylethynyl imide-1) phenylethynyl containing aromatic polymide, is based on the reaction of biphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), 3,4'-oxydianiline (3,4'-ODA), 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (APB), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) and 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride (PEPA), presumably resulting in a mixture of linear, branched and star shaped phenylethynyl containing imides which was evaluated as a matrix for high-performance composites. The poly(amid acid) solution of MPEI-1 in N-methypyrrolidinone was synthesized at 35% and 42% solids. Unidirectional prepreg was fabricated from these solutions and Hercules IM7 carbon fiber utilizing NASA- Langley's multipurpose prepreg machine. The temperature-dependent volatile depletion rates, thermal crystallization behavior and resin theology were characterized. Based on this information, a composite molding cycle was developed which yielded well consolidated, void-free laminates. Composite mechanical properties such as short beam shear strength, longitudinal and transverse flexural strength and flexural modulus, longitudinal tensile strength and notched and unnotched compression strengths were measured at room temperature (RT) and elevated temperatures. These mechanical properties are compared with those of IM7/LARC(Trademark) PETI-5 composites.
Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950–Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma (2017)

As the lipidomics field continues to advance, self-evaluation within the community is critical. Here, we performed an interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, a commercially available reference material. The interlaboratory study comprised 31 diverse laboratories, with each laboratory using a different lipidomics workflow. A total of 1,527 unique lipids were measured across all laboratories and consensus location estimates and associated uncertainties were determined for 339 of these lipids measured at the sum composition level by five or more participating laboratories. These evaluated lipids detected in SRM 1950 serve as community-wide benchmarks for intra- and interlaboratory quality control and method validation. These analyses were performed using nonstandardized laboratory-independent workflows. The consensus locations were also compared with a previous examination of SRM 1950 by the LIPID MAPS consortium. While the central theme of the interlaboratory study was to provide values to help harmonize lipids, lipid mediators, and precursor measurements across the community, it was also initiated to stimulate a discussion regarding areas in need of improvement.
A fast shaded-polygon renderer (1986)

Image rendering is the performance bottleneck in many computer-graphics systems today because of its computation-intensive nature. Described here is a one-chip VLSI implementation of a shaded-polygon renderer which provides an affordable solution to the bottleneck. The chip takes advantage of a unique extension to Bresenham's vector drawing algorithm [ 1] to interpolate four axes (for Red, Green, Blue and Z) across a polygon, in addition to the X and Y values. Its inherent accuracy and ease of high-speed hardware implementation distinguish this new algorithm from interpolation with incrementing fractions (DDA). This chip was designed as part of a workstation primarily for mechanical engineering CAD applications. The pipelining and internal bandwidth possible on the chip allows rendering speeds of over twelve-thousand, 1000-pixel, shaded polygons per second, suitable for interactive manipulation of solids. Described in this paper is the derivation of the new algorithm and its implementation in a pipelined, polygon-rendering chip.
Urinary Metabolite Quantification Employing 2D NMR Spectroscopy (2008)

Two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a fairly novel method for the quantification of metabolites in biological fluids and tissue extracts. We show in this contribution that, compared to 1D 1H spectra, superior quantification of human urinary metabolites is obtained from 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (HSQC) spectra measured at natural abundance. This was accomplished by the generation of separate calibration curves for the different 2D HSQC signals of each metabolite. Lower limits of detection were in the low to mid micromolar range and were generally the lower the greater the number of methyl groups contained in an analyte. The quantitative 2D NMR data obtained for a selected set of 17 urinary metabolites were compared to those obtained independently by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of amino acids and hippurate as well as enzymatic and colorimetric measurements of creatinine. As a typical application, 2D-NMR was used for the investigation of urine from patients with inborn errors of metabolism.
Stability and activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease: comparison of the natural dimer with a homologous, single-chain tethered dimer. (1990)

A single-chain tethered dimer of human immunodeficiency virus protease (HIV-PR) was produced by expression of a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli. The tethered dimer, which consists of two 99-amino acid HIV-PR subunits linked together by a pentapeptide, was isolated from inclusion bodies and refolded as an active protease with enzymatic properties very similar to those of the natural dimer at pH 5.5. In addition to demonstrating that the tethered dimer is active, we have shown that the tethered dimer is more stable than the natural HIV-PR dimer at pH 7.0. This is attributed to dissociation of the natural HIV-PR dimer, for which a surprisingly high dissociation constant, 5 X 10(-8) M was measured. Furthermore, the tethered dimer offers an opportunity to produce asymmetric dimer mutants and thereby determine the effect of changes in one of the two subunits on protease activity. In one such mutant, a single active-site aspartic residue was changed to a glycine residue. This protein was inactive, consistent with a requirement for an aspartic residue from each subunit to constitute an active site of HIV-PR.
A high-voltage bi-polar pulse generator a using push-pull inverter (2004)

In this paper, a fast high voltage bi-polar pulse generator using push-pull inverter is proposed. The proposed pulse system consists of a thyristor rectifier, a DC link, a push-pull resonant inverter, a high voltage transformer, a secondary capacitor, a high voltage IGBT and diode stack, and a variable capacitor. The proposed system generates bi-polar high voltage sinusoidal waveform using resonance between the leakage inductance of the transformer and the secondary capacitor and transfers energy to output load at the maximum level of the secondary capacitor voltage. Compared to the previous bi-polar high voltage pulse power supplies using nonlinear transmission line, the proposed pulse power system has dominant advantages, such a flexibilities of output voltage (pulse width, PRR, and pulse rising time) and high efficiency due to the use of only semiconductor switches. The theoretical operational principle will be described in detail and key experimental results will be provided to verify the validity of the proposed system.
Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor by small interfering ribonucleic acid prevents increase in extracellular matrix molecules in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy. (2012)

These results indicate that CTGF and ECM genes can be regulated using insulin. Importantly, these results also suggest that CTGF regulates changes in ECM molecules in DR.
Anelastic P-wave, S-wave and Converted-wave AVO Approximations (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to present approximate expressions for the AVO and amplitude-variation-with-frequency (i.e., AVF) behaviour of reflections from an anelastic target. We extend previous work to allow for P, S, and converted wave data to be analysed. By altering the Zoeppritz equations to incorporate a nearly constant Q model in the target medium, and linearizing, approximate forms for PP, PS and SS reflection coefficients with corrections for anelasticity are derived. Inversion of these data is straightforward, with the PS and SS modes preferentially useful for computing QS, and the PP mode preferentially useful for computing QP. We find that reciprocal QP and QS are proportional to the reflection coefficients’ frequency rate of change.
Identification of a new hereditary amyloidosis prealbumin variant, Tyr-77, and detection of the gene by DNA analysis. (1988)

In the last several years, five human plasma prealbumin (transthyretin) variants have been discovered in association with hereditary amyloidosis, a late-onset fatal disorder. We recently studied a patient of German descent with peripheral neuropathy and bowel dysfunction. Biopsied rectal tissue contained amyloid that stained with anti-human prealbumin. Amino acid sequence analysis of the patient's plasma prealbumin revealed both normal and variant prealbumin molecules, with the variant containing a tyrosine at position 77 instead of serine. We predicted a single nucleotide change in codon 77 of the variant prealbumin gene, which we then detected in the patient's DNA using the restriction enzyme SspI and a specifically tailored genomic prealbumin probe. DNA tests of other family members identified several gene carriers. This is the sixth prealbumin variant implicated in amyloidosis, and adds to the accumulating evidence that the prealbumin amyloidoses are more varied and prevalent than previously thought.
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of biodegradable magnesium alloy bone implant in the first 6 months implantation (2008)

In vivo degradation of magnesium alloy implant, the bone response to the magnesium, and the effect of the degradation of magnesium on the blood composition and organs were investigated by using light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy with energy dispersive spectrum. Magnesium alloy showed different degradation rates in the marrow channel and the cortical bone. More degradation of magnesium implant was observed in the marrow channel than in the cortical bone. New bone tissue formed around the magnesium implants after 6 weeks implantation but no fibrous capsule was found. There existed two distinct layers separating the new bone tissue from the magnesium implant. On the magnesium implant side, crystalline magnesium calcium phosphate formed on the surface of the implant due to the reaction between the implant and blood or body fluid. On the new bone tissue side was a 10-30-microm membrane comprising two distinct layers with many fibroblasts in the layer close to the new bone tissue. The new bone was in tight contact with the implant through the membrane and phosphate layer due to the good osteoconductivity of the phosphate layer. After 10 and 26 weeks postimplantation, more new bone tissues as well as the membrane were found around the implant. However, no apparent increase in the thickness of the membrane was observed with the increasing of the implantation duration. Blood examination has shown that the degradation of the magnesium implant caused little change to blood composition but no disorder to liver or kidneys.
Stereoselective Allylation of 3-Oxo Amides (1992)

Abstract Allylation of 2-methyl-3-oxo amides with allylzinc bromide or allylsilane in the presence of TiCl4 or n-Bu4NF provided both threo and erythro 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl amides with high stereoselectivity.
A novel dual-band printed antenna with a defected ground plane for WLAN applications (2010)

In this paper, a miniaturized dual-band printed antenna with a defected ground plane for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The radiating elements of the antenna consist of nesting ellipses with different major axis and a part of strip line. The antenna can achieve dual-band operation (2.4GHz and 5.2/5.8GHz). The simulation results show that the proposed antenna satisfies the requirements of WLAN 802.11b/g and 802.11a. The antenna is with the dimensions of 39.0mm×30.0mm×0.8mm. The effects of the key structure parameters on the antenna performances are also analyzed and presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other.
Support to Multimedia Presentations on Multi-head Setups (2015)

Multi-head setups are commonly used to enhance productivity and to increase the screen area of multimedia presentations. To support the latter, multimedia systems must have access to information about the display arrangement and about bezels and gaps between displays, to calculate the multi-head total resolution and to define the active exhibition area. Existent solutions oblige users to know the details of the display arrangement, and to map manually the logic display arrangement into the physical one. Even when they provide some features to easy this mapping, users have to pay attention on hardware details, and are limited to predefined display arrangements. In addition, users have to adhere to try-and-error calculations to achieve better results for setting bezel and gap values. This paper presents a mechanism to support multimedia presentations on multi-head setups that cracks the limitations found in the existent systems. The proposed mechanism has been integrated with the reference implementation of Ginga, the ITU-T H.761 IPTV middleware. However, the solution is generic and can be used with other multimedia systems.
Cover Picture: Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyridines (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2004) (2004)

The stereoselective hydrogenation of oxazolidinone‐substituted pyridines shown in the cover picture gives piperidines containing up to four new stereocenters. One of the biologically active compounds readily accessible by this method is ( S )‐coniine, the poisonous hemlock alkaloid used in ancient Greece for executions. The famous painting by David shows Socrates shortly before drinking from the poison chalice. F. Glorius et al. describe this synthetic method on pages 2850 ff.
Generalised stopping criterion for iterative decoders (2003)

A generalised stopping criterion for iterative decoders is proposed. It is designed for detecting early convergence and non-convergence and it allows for a saving of 60 to 75% in computational complexity. The UMTS high speed evolution system (HSDPA) is chosen for simulations.
Scalable monitoring and configuration tools for grids and clusters (2003)

We present the Ka-admin project that addresses the problem of collecting, visualizing and feeding back any grid information, trace or snapshot, compliant to an XML-like model. Real use includes performance analysis of parallel applications and cluster administration. Ka-admin includes a generic "filter" module that processes monitored data independently of what they represent. Filters can remove, aggregate and transform data or pass them to external applications. The end user is responsible for activating the filters from within an interactive graphical interface. This allows him to focus on important information. We also present a "scatter/gather" module that allows efficient collection and distribution of data and commands in a large cluster. Early work on "MPI/threads" applications and system monitoring tools proved that the combination of both modules matches the objective of a scalable visualization of large data sets.
Powering Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance by Propelling Polysulfide Redox at Sulfiphilic Hosts (2015)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery system is endowed with tremendous energy density, resulting from the complex sulfur electrochemistry involving multielectron redox reactions and phase transformations. Originated from the slow redox kinetics of polysulfide intermediates, the flood of polysulfides in the batteries during cycling induced low sulfur utilization, severe polarization, low energy efficiency, deteriorated polysulfide shuttle, and short cycling life. Herein, sulfiphilic cobalt disulfide (CoS2) was incorporated into carbon/sulfur cathodes, introducing strong interaction between lithium polysulfides and CoS2 under working conditions. The interfaces between CoS2 and electrolyte served as strong adsorption and activation sites for polar polysulfides and therefore accelerated redox reactions of polysulfides. The high polysulfide reactivity not only guaranteed effective polarization mitigation and promoted energy efficiency by 10% but also promised high discharge capacity and stable cycling performance during 2000 cycles. A slow capacity decay rate of 0.034%/cycle at 2.0 C and a high initial capacity of 1368 mAh g(-1) at 0.5 C were achieved. Since the propelling redox reaction is not limited to Li-S system, we foresee the reported strategy herein can be applied in other high-power devices through the systems with controllable redox reactions.
Wavelength tunable optical add-after-drop filter with flat passband for WDM networks (1999)

A tunable optical add-after-drop filter is presented with add and drop functions optimized individually. The add function exhibits a conventional passband, whereas the drop passband is flattened (less than 0.1 dB ripple over more than 0.5 nm). The design is based on the resonant coupler principle. The free spectral range is 6.4 nm and the channel spacing 1.6 nm. The device is realized in a newly developed, high-refractive-index-contrast SiON technology that permits small bending radii of 1.5 mm. Thermo-optic heaters are used to tailor and tune the filter characteristic. The on-chip losses are about 3.5 dB, the wavelength channel isolation is better than 27 dB, and the TE-TM polarization shift is smaller than 0.1 nm.
High selectivity plasma etching of silicon dioxide with a dual frequency 27/2 MHz capacitive radio frequency discharge (1996)

A 27 MHz/2 MHz Ar/CO/CFx rf capacitive discharge was used to selectively etch submicron SiO2/Si, SiO2/TiSi2 and SiO2/TiN structures. The borophosphosilicate glass etch rate (∼1.0 μm/min) was observed to decrease with bottom electrode temperature, whereas etch selectivity to TiSi2 (≳50:1) was found to increase with temperature, with a photoresist selectivity ≳50:1. Plasma emission of the dual frequency discharge indicated the presence of an abundant concentration of the CF2 radical (249 nm) as compared to a lower frequency (400 kHz) rf discharge with low etch selectivity (&lt;20:1). Langmuir probe measurement indicated an enhancement of ion density of an order of magnitude (∼5×1010 cm−3) as compared to the low frequency (400 kHz) rf discharge. Particle-in-cell simulation was used to calculate plasma density as a function of excitation frequency. Plasma density scales with the square of the source frequency while it remains relatively independent of the substrate frequency.
Programming for the absolute beginner (2007)

1: Introduction to Programming 2: Creating Programs with Just BASIC 3: Creating Graphical User Interfaces 4: Working with Variables and Arrays 5: Making Decisions with Conditional Logic 6: Using Loops to Process Data 7: Improving Program Organization with Functions and Subroutines 8: Working with Text Files 9: Working with Sound and Graphics 10: Debugging your Applications App A: Whats on the Companion Website? App B: What Next? Glossary Index