gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Surface Hot Shortness due to Cu in Recycled Steels (2002)

The most serious problem in the recycling of steel is the occurrence of surface hot shortness during hot deformation due to the mixing of Cu from scrap into steels. Tin accelerates the effect of Cu. The surface hot shortness is caused by liquid embrittlement, that is, formation of the liquid Cu-enriched phase through preferential oxidation of Fe atoms at the steel/scale interface during heating for hot deformation and penetration of this Cu-enriched phase into the grain boundaries. Decrease in the amount of the liquid Cu-enriched phase penetrating into grain boundaries can suppress the surface hot shortness. The amount of the liquid Cu-enriched phase penetrating into the grain boundaries can be reduced by the suppression of oxidation, occlusion of the Cu-enriched phase into the scale, back-diffusion of Cu into the steel matrix and suppression of penetration of the liquid Cu-enriched phase. Therefore, the effects of various elements and conditions of heating and deformation on the surface hot shortness, oxidation, amount of the Cu-enriched phase at the interface and the penetration were examined by tensile tests at high temperatures, thermogravimetry and optical microscopy. The conclusion can be summarized as follows. Silicon, Mn, S (+Mn) and B reduce the susceptibility to the surface hot shortness through decreasing the amount of Cu-enriched phase at the steel/scale interface. The effect of Si is significant. Carbon reduces the oxidation rate in LNG combustion gas. Phosphorus, Si, B and C reduce the susceptibility to the surface hot shortness through restraining the penetration of the Cu-enriched phase into grain boundaries. Heating at higher temperatures reduces the susceptibility mainly through a reduction in the amount of the Cu-enriched phase at the steel/scale interface, although the loss of steels by oxidation increases. A large grain size accelerates the surface hot shortness. A small amount of H2O in air significantly accelerates the surface hot shortness. Effects of H2O in heating atmosphere depend on the steel composition and more detailed research on this is desired. Very slow deformation does not cause liquid embrittlement through dynamical re-crystallization, while at a fast deformation rate the embrittlement is suppressed by an increase in the critical stress for the liquid embrittlement. Multiple methods using physical metallurgy suggested by the present research for suppressing the surface hot shortness should be applied together with other methods through separation, smelting and design of fabrication in order to promote the recycling of steels.
SIP1/ZEB2 induces EMT by repressing genes of different epithelial cell-cell junctions (2005)

SIP1/ZEB2 is a member of the deltaEF-1 family of two-handed zinc finger nuclear factors. The expression of these transcription factors is associated with epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) during development. SIP1 is also expressed in some breast cancer cell lines and was detected in intestinal gastric carcinomas, where its expression is inversely correlated with that of E-cadherin. Here, we show that expression of SIP1 in human epithelial cells results in a clear morphological change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Induction of this epithelial dedifferentiation was accompanied by repression of several cell junctional proteins, with concomitant repression of their mRNA levels. Besides E-cadherin, other genes coding for crucial proteins of tight junctions, desmosomes and gap junctions were found to be transcriptionally regulated by the transcriptional repressor SIP1. Moreover, study of the promoter regions of selected genes by luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that repression is directly mediated by SIP1. These data indicate that, during epithelial dedifferentiation, SIP1 represses in a coordinated manner the transcription of genes coding for junctional proteins contributing to the dedifferentiated state; this repression occurs by a general mechanism mediated by Smad Interacting Protein 1 (SIP1)-binding sites.
Blockade of TIGIT/CD155 Signaling Reverses T-cell Exhaustion and Enhances Antitumor Capability in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2019)

Immunosuppression is common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In previous studies, the TIGIT/CD155 pathway was identified as an immune-checkpoint signaling pathway that contributes to the "exhaustion" state of infiltrating T cells. Here, we sought to explore the clinical significance of TIGIT/CD155 signaling in HNSCC and identify the therapeutic effect of the TIGIT/CD155 pathway in a transgenic mouse model. TIGIT was overexpressed on tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in both HNSCC patients and mouse models, and was correlated with immune-checkpoint molecules (PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3). TIGIT was also expressed on murine regulatory T cells (Treg) and correlated with immune suppression. Using a human HNSCC tissue microarray, we found that CD155 was expressed in tumor and tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, and also indicated poor overall survival. Multispectral IHC indicated that CD155 was coexpressed with CD11b or CD11c in tumor-infiltrating stromal cells. Anti-TIGIT treatment significantly delayed tumor growth in transgenic HNSCC mouse models and enhanced antitumor immune responses by activating CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell effector function and reducing the population of Tregs. <i>In vitro</i> coculture studies showed that anti-TIGIT treatment significantly abrogated the immunosuppressive capacity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), by decreasing Arg1 transcripts, and Tregs, by reducing TGFβ1 secretion. <i>In vivo</i> depletion studies showed that the therapeutic efficacy by anti-TIGIT mainly relies on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and Tregs. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling increased the expression of TIGIT on Tregs. These results present a translatable method to improve antitumor immune responses by targeting TIGIT/CD155 signaling in HNSCC.
Calculation of Gasoline Octane Numbers Taking into Account the Reaction Interaction of Blend Components (2014)

A new approach for calculation of gasoline octane numbers was described taking into account the reaction interaction of blend components and the interaction mechanism of antiknock additives with hydrocarbons. It was determined that for octane numbers of alkylates and isomerizates, synergistic effect is observed, and for octane numbers of reformates, antagonistic effect is observed. The computer modeling system «Compounding» for calculation of gasoline octane numbers was designed.
Functionalization of silver nanowire surfaces with copper oxide for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic bio-sensing (2012)

A facile method to fabricate copper oxide functionalized silver nanowires with high sensitivity to biomolecules is reported for the first time. The enhanced surface roughness of silver nanowire and the molecule capture capability of copper oxide nanoparticles account for the high sensitivity of this nanocomposite.
Pharmacological Activity of (R)-(+)-Pulegone, a Chemical Constituent of Essential Oils (2011)

(R)-(+)-Pulegone is a monoterpene found in essential oils from plants of the Labiatae family. This compound is a major constituent of Agastache formosanum oil. In this study, the effect of (R)-(+)-pulegone on the central nervous system was evaluated. (R)-(+)-Pulegone caused a significant decrease in ambulation and an increase in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice, indicating a central depressant effect. (+)-Pulegone also significantly increased the latency of convulsions as assessed by the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) method. The antinociceptive properties of this monoterpene were studied in chemical and thermal models of nociception. Chemical nociception induced in the first and second phase of the subplantar formalin test was significantly inhibited by (R)-(+)-pulegone and was not blocked by naloxone. Thermal nociception was also significantly inhibited while (R)-(+)-pulegone increased the reaction latency of the mice in the hot plate test. These results suggest that (R)-(+)-pulegone is a psychoactive compound and has the profile of an analgesic drug.
Photonic module: An on-demand resource for photonic entanglement (2007)

Photonic entanglement has a wide range of applications in quantum computation and communication. Here we introduce a device: the photonic module, which allows for the rapid, deterministic preparation of a large class of entangled photon states. The module is an application independent, ``plug and play'' device, with sufficient flexibility to prepare entanglement for all major quantum computation and communication applications in a completely deterministic fashion without number-discriminated photon detection. We present two alternative constructions for the module, one using free-space components and one in a photonic band-gap structure. The natural operation of the module is to generate states within the stabilizer formalism and we present an analysis on the cavity requirements to experimentally realize this device.
Effect of additional HCl flow on the surface morphology of GaN grown on sapphire by HVPE (2005)

The effect of additional HCl on the surface morphology of HVPE GaN was investigated. The introduction of additional HCl to the growth zone altered the polar growth direction at the initial growth stage, and finally the Ga-face polarity GaN films with smooth surface were obtained.
XMM-Newton Observations of H1743-322 (2008)

https://astronomerstelegram.org/?read=1829
Review Shape-memory materials and hybrid composites for smart systems Part I Shape-memory materials (1998)

A review is presented of the current research and development of shape-memory materials, including shape-memory alloys, shape-memory ceramics and shape-memory polymers. The shape-memorymaterials exhibit some novel performances,such as sensoring (thermal, stress or field), large-stroke actuation, high damping, adaptive responses, shape memory and superelasticity capability, which can be utilized in various engineering approaches to smart systems. Based on an extensive literature survey, the various shape-memory materials are outlined, with special attention to the recently developed or emerged materials. The basic phenomena in the materials, that is, the stimulus-induced phase transformationswhich result in the unique performanceand govern the remarkablechanges in properties of the materials, are systematically lineated. The remaining technical barriers, and the challenges to improve the present materials system and develop a new shape memory materials are discussed. a 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Tunisia Monetary Policy Since the Arab Spring (2020)

In this paper, we argue that inflation targeting could be the future of Tunisia’s monetary policy. Monetary targeting has proven to be ineffective due to the composition of reserve money, structural liquidity deficit, and higher instability of the money multiplier after 2010. Exchange rate targeting is no longer feasible due to the level of international reserves, current account deficit, and inflation differentials with main trading partners. The Central Bank of Tunisia has already made important progress toward inflation targeting. The paper evidences the existence of increasingly effective interest rate transmission as well as the changing exchange rate passthrough to inflation with the gradual move toward further exchange rate flexibility.
Mussel-Inspired Conductive Polymer Binder for Si-Alloy Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

The excessive volume changes during cell cycling of Si-based anode in lithium ion batteries impeded its application. One major reason for the cell failure is particle isolation during volume shrinkage in delithiation process, which makes strong adhesion between polymer binder and anode active material particles a highly desirable property. Here, a biomimetic side-chain conductive polymer incorporating catechol, a key adhesive component of the mussel holdfast protein, was synthesized. Atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force measurements of mussel-inspired conductive polymer binder contacting a silica surface revealed a similar adhesion toward substrate when compared with an effective Si anode binder, homo-poly(acrylic acid), with the added benefit of being electronically conductive. Electrochemical experiments showed a very stable cycling of Si-alloy anodes realized via this biomimetic conducting polymer binder, leading to a high loading Si anode with a good rate performance. We attribute the ability of the Si-based anode to tolerate the volume changes during cycling to the excellent mechanical integrity afforded by the strong interfacial adhesion of the biomimetic conducting polymer.
Variable impedance control of a robot for cooperation with a human (2002)

Robots are expected to be human-friendly and to execute tasks in cooperation with humans. Control systems for such robots should be designed in order to adapt human characteristics. In this paper, a variable impedance control method for robot to cooperate with human is proposed. First, the human characteristics in a cooperative task between two humans are analyzed. It is confirmed that human characteristics can be expressed by a variable impedance model. Then, we make a robot and a human to execute a cooperative task. It is shown that the impedance parameters obtained in the experiment performed by two humans give the best characteristics to the robot for cooperation with the human.
HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target for acute liver failure (2017)

Although acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease, it continues to have high mortality and morbidity rates due to its many causes. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally reported as a ubiquitous non-histone chromosomal protein, is a multi-functional protein with varying functions depending on its location, such as in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. The role of extracellular HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator has been well studied, and the elevation of serum HMGB1 has been reported in several diseases that are closely associated with ALF. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the relationship between causes of acute liver failure, such as viral infection, drug-induced liver injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, and the role of HMGB1. Furthermore, we also consolidate and summarize the current reports of HMGB1-targeting therapies in hepatic injury models. Expert commentary: HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for ALF, and the clinical testing of HMGB1-targeting therapies for ALF patients is expected.
The Master Manipulator Control System in a Master-Slave Robot Based on Trinocular Stereo Vision (2016)

In this paper, a master manipulator control system in a master-slave robot which uses trinocular stereo vision is presented. The system utilizes three real-time cameras to identify and track the movements of the master handle, while also measuring the master handle position. The system follows a basic four step process. First, the master handle in the image is identified using the contrast between the handle and the background. Second, the speed and direction of the next position for the master handle is predicted in real-time by using the Kalman filter. Third, the position of the master handle is measured in real-time using stereo matching, which utilizes the method of combining feature matching and region gray matching to consistently identify the markers on the master handle and eliminate error matching. The experimental results in this study conclude that the master-handle manipulator control system is fast and exact.
Evolving Completion Technologies Mitigate Proppant Flowback (2017)

Abstract The concept of "cutting costs at any cost" leads to poor short-term focused decisions which can result in higher total costs in the future. In many instances, any dollars saved in the initial completion are more than offset by costs incurred later in the life of the well. One such example is the operational difficulty and costs incurred in dealing with proppant flowback after fracturing operations are completed. In many such cases, a post-fracture cleanout is required before turning the well over to production, and subsequent additional cleanouts can be required after three to six months of production. This paper will examine the application of a completion methodology which has proven to minimize the inflow of proppant during both the fracture treatment, and during subsequent production. With minimal additional costs associated with the use of the method, the savings result in a benefit to profitability and capital preservation.
Asthma control in patients receiving inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist fixed combinations. A real-life study comparing dry powder inhalers and a pressurized metered dose inhaler extrafine formulation (2011)

pMDI extrafine BDP/F combination demonstrated better asthma control compared to DPIs formulated with larger particles. This could be due to the improved lung deposition of the dose or less reliance on the optimal inhalation technique or both.
Three-dimensional acousto-optic imaging in biological tissues with parallel signal processing (2001)

An original acousto-optic method is described that allows one to reveal optical contrasts through biological tissues that are several centimeters thick with a millimeter-sized resolution. This technique is based on the interaction of scattered laser light with a focused ultrasonic field. The modulation depth of the optical speckle is related to local optical properties of the sample. Our parallel-processing approach to the demodulation of the speckle improves the observed degree of modulation by 2 orders of magnitude and quickly yields a good statistical value. Optically absorbing objects were imaged inside 35-mm-thick biological tissues.
Isolation and Characterization of Sialate Lyase from Pig Kidney (1996)

Sialate lyase (sialate aldolase; systematic name N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase, EC 4.1.3.3) was isolated as soluble enzyme from pig kidney and purified 630-fold using a heating step, gel filtration, and chromatography on immobilized neuraminic acid beta-methyl glycoside in 14% yield to apparent homogeneity as tested by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass is 58 kDa and the pH-optimum is at pH 7.2. Kinetic parameters were determined with N-acetyl-neuraminic acid as substrate: Km 3.7 mM and Vmax 37.1 mU. The lyase cleaves only free sialic acids with relative rates of 100% for N-acetylneuraminic acid, 55% for N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 32% for N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, whereas N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid or 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid are not substrates. Enzyme activity was inhibited with p-chloromercuribenzoate, o-phenanthroline, cyanide, 5-diazonium-1-H-tetrazole, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), diethylpyro-carbonate, and Rose Bengal in the presence of light and O2. Reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid or pyruvate resulted in irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity. The inhibition experiments suggest the involvement of histidine, lysine and SH-residues in enzyme catalysis. Thus, this mammalian lyase most probably belongs to the Class I aldolases, and has properties similar to the same enzyme from Clostridium perfringens and is active with the alpha-form of N-acetylneuraminic acid.
Functional consequences of an<i>LMNA</i>mutation associated with a new cardiac and non-cardiac phenotype (2003)

Heritable dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetically highly heterogeneous disease. To date 17 different chromosomal loci have been described for autosomal dominant forms of dilated cardiomyopathy with or without additional clinical manifestations. Among the 10 mutated genes associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene has been reported in forms associated with conduction-system disease with or without skeletal muscle myopathy. For the first time, we report here a French family affected with a new phenotype composed of an autosomal dominant severe dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects or atrial/ventricular arrhythmias, and a specific quadriceps muscle myopathy. In all previously reported cases with both cardiac and neuromuscular involvement, neuromuscular disorders preceded cardiac abnormalities. The screening of the coding sequence of the LMNA gene on all family members was performed and we identified a missense mutation (R377H) in the lamin A/C gene that cosegregated with the disease in the family. Cell transfection experiments showed that the R377H mutation leads to mislocalization of both lamin and emerin. These results were obtained in both muscular (C2C12) and non-muscular cells (COS-7). This new phenotype points out the wide spectrum of neuromuscular and cardiac manifestations associated with lamin A/C mutations, with the functional consequence of this mutation seemingly associated with a disorganization of the lamina.
The Hepatitis B Virus Receptor (2015)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 240 million people worldwide. A liver-specific bile acid transporter named the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as the cellular receptor for HBV and its satellite, the hepatitis D virus (HDV). NTCP likely acts as a major determinant for the liver tropism and species specificity of HBV and HDV at the entry level. NTCP-mediated HBV entry interferes with bile acid transport in cell cultures and has been linked with alterations in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in vivo. The human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, complemented with NTCP, now provides a valuable platform for studying the basic biology of the viruses and developing treatments for HBV infection. This review summarizes critical findings regarding NTCP's role as a viral receptor for HBV and HDV and discusses important questions that remain unanswered.
Efficient experimental design and analysis strategies for the detection of differential expression using RNA-Sequencing (2012)

This work quantitatively explores comparisons between contemporary analysis tools and experimental design choices for the detection of differential expression using RNA-Seq. We found that the DESeq algorithm performs more conservatively than edgeR and NBPSeq. With regard to testing of various experimental designs, this work strongly suggests that greater power is gained through the use of biological replicates relative to library (technical) replicates and sequencing depth. Strikingly, sequencing depth could be reduced as low as 15% without substantial impacts on false positive or true positive rates.
Scheduling and CommunicationüAware Mapping of HW/SW Modules for Dynamically and Partially Reconfigurable SoC Architectures (2007)

In this paper, we present an approach for simultaneous scheduling and placement of communicating modules for SoC architectures including devices with partial reconfiguration support and at least one CPU. This approach includes (a) a detailed modeling of the communication of modules and an optimization model for finding the best temporal and spatial placement of modules on either CPU or on the reconfigurable device including communication and reconfiguration time overheads, (b) a real SoC platform for slotubased module relocation and onuchip interumodule communication called Erlangen SlotMachine (ESM), and (c) real experimental data based on experiments on this machine. Existing approaches either neglect interumodule communication, are not able to solve the related problem, or do not provide real applications implemented on real platforms.