gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StyleAlign: Analysis and Applications of Aligned StyleGAN Models (2021)

In this paper, we perform an in-depth study of the properties and applications of aligned generative models. We refer to two models as aligned if they share the same architecture, and one of them (the child) is obtained from the other (the parent) via fine-tuning to another domain, a common practice in transfer learning. Several works already utilize some basic properties of aligned StyleGAN models to perform image-to-image translation. Here, we perform the first detailed exploration of model alignment, also focusing on StyleGAN. First, we empirically analyze aligned models and provide answers to important questions regarding their nature. In particular, we find that the child model's latent spaces are semantically aligned with those of the parent, inheriting incredibly rich semantics, even for distant data domains such as human faces and churches. Second, equipped with this better understanding, we leverage aligned models to solve a diverse set of tasks. In addition to image translation, we demonstrate fully automatic cross-domain image morphing. We further show that zero-shot vision tasks may be performed in the child domain, while relying exclusively on supervision in the parent domain. We demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that our approach yields state-of-the-art results, while requiring only simple fine-tuning and inversion.
Stress analysis of in-plane vibration of 2-D structures by a laser speckle method (1980)

By time-average recording of laser speckles formed on the surface of a structure under sinusoidal oscillation, isothetics along any direction can be obtained by Fourier filtering the resulting specklegram. Principal strains and stresses can then be calculated through the use of strain-rosette equations and the stress-strain law, respectively.
The impact of HIPEC on the anticancer immune response (2018)

Background: The outcome of peritoneal carcinomatosis, often occurring due to appendix or colorectal cancer, has dramatically improved with the combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic (43 °C) intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Nevertheless, recurrence of the disease presumably due to remnant cancer cells limits survival of the patients suggesting further optimization in HIPEC treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand mechanisms operating behind HIPEC treatment. Since chemotherapy may induce immunogenic changes, we analyzed effects of MitomycinC/Doxorubicin (M/D), widely used chemotherapeutics in HIPEC settings, on the immunogenicity of colorectal cancer cells in-vitro. Methods: Colorectal cell-lines were treated with M/D for 30 minutes with and without hyperthermia (430C). After the treatment, cells were further incubated at 370C for 72 hours. The expression of immunogenic cancer-testig antigens (CTA) was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blot. To assess DC maturation, we set up a co-culture between differentially treated colorectal cells and monocyte-derived DC`s. We analyzed surface markers such as HLA-DR, CD 86 and CD 83 to assess DC maturation using flow cytometry. Further, the activation of cytotoxic T-cells was measured by intracellular IFN-y staining after co-culture with DC`s that were pre-incubated with treated and untreated colorectal cancer cells. Results: Initial qRT-PCR screening of CTA revealed that two namely, Cyclin A1 and SSX-4 were upregulated after HIPEC treatment. Compared to the control condition (no drug, 370C), M/D in HIPEC condition led to an increase of Cyclin A1 up to 53 folds and SSX-4 to 30 folds. The amount of Cyclin A1 protein was doubled compared to the control treatment (p = 0.0015, CI mean volume intensity 0.1989 – 0.4233). After co-culturing with HIPEC treated colorectal cancer cells, we noticed significant expression in CD 83, a DC activation marker. DCs that were activated upon incubation with HIPEC-treated cancer cells were able to prime cytotoxic T-cells leading to enhance IFN-y production. Conclusions: HIPEC treatment can cause immunogenic changes in colorectal cancer cells. This could explain a part of the mechanism, how HIPEC treatment may work and inclusion of an immunotherapy may improve outcome of this treatment. Legal entity responsible for the study: Kuno Lehmann. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases Is Associated with a Sensitized Locomotor Response to D<sub>2</sub>Dopamine Receptor Stimulation in Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats (2000)

Evidence indicates that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a crucial role in the neurobiology of the nervous system. In the present study, dopamine receptor-mediated regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) was examined in rats in which the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was unilaterally lesioned by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Subcutaneous injections of the D(2) receptor agonist quinpirole significantly increased tyrosine-phosphorylated ERK1/2 in lesioned striatum, whereas the D(1) receptor agonist SKF38393 failed to activate ERKs. Quinpirole-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was seen as early as 3 min and peaked at 15 min after the challenge. In parallel, striatal ERK kinase activity, measured by the in vitro kinase assay, was increased 2.5-fold on the lesioned side after the administration of quinpirole. Immunohistochemical examination of brain sections after quinpirole administration revealed significant increases in ERK1/2 immunostaining in perinuclear and intranuclear areas of striatal neurons. This increase was much more pronounced on the lesioned than the intact side. Furthermore, quinpirole-induced contralateral rotation was decreased by 48.7 and 50.7%, respectively, when the striatal ERK pathway was selectively inhibited by a single intrastriatal injection of the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD098059 or after a continuous 7 d intrastriatal infusion of ERK1/2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the ERK signaling pathway is activated in denervated striatum in response to stimulation of D(2) dopamine receptors and that the resulting imbalance in striatal ERK activity contributes, at least in part, to neuronal plasticity that underlies D(2) dopamine receptor-mediated contralateral rotation in unilateral 6-OHDA denervated rats.
Prediction of Stretch Flangeability Limits of Advanced High Strength Steels using the Hole Expansion Test (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">More and more advanced high strength steels (AHSS) such as dual phase steels and TRIP steels are implemented in automotive components due to their superior crash performance and vehicle weight reduction capabilities. Recent trends show increased applications of higher strength grades such as 780/800 MPa and 980/1000 MPa tensile strength for crash sensitive components to meet more stringent safety regulations in front crash, side impact and roll-over situations. Several issues related to AHSS stamping have been raised during implementation such as springback, stretch bending fracture with a small radius to thickness ratio, edge cracking, etc. It has been shown that the failure strains in the stretch bending fracture and edge cracking can be significantly lower than the predicted forming limits, and no failure criteria are currently available to predict these failures. In this study, the forming mode of edge cracking is evaluated, and a failure criterion is proposed based on hole expansion experimental data. The new failure criterion is validated in a lab simulative test and is successfully applied to two example industrial automotive components.</div>
Linear-Time Construction of Suffix Trees (1997)

We will present two methods for constructing suffix trees in detail, Ukkonen's method and Weiner's method. Weiner was the first to show that suffix trees can be built in linear time, and his method is presented both for its historical importance and for some different technical ideas that it contains. However, Ukkonen's method is equally fast and uses far less space (i.e., memory) in practice than Weiner's method. Hence Ukkonen is the method of choice for most problems requiring the construction of a suffix tree. We also believe that Ukkonen's method is easier to understand. Therefore, it will be presented first. A reader who wishes to study only one method is advised to concentrate on it. However, our development of Weiner's method does not depend on understanding Ukkonen's algorithm, and the two algorithms can be read independently (with one small shared section noted in the description of Weiner's method).
Surgical Treatment of Obesity in Latinos and African Americans: Future Directions and Recommendations to Reduce Disparities in Bariatric Surgery (2017)

Introduction: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent in the United States, particularly among African Americans and Latinos. Bariatric surgery has become one of the primary treatment modalities for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, fewer Latinos and African Americans are undergoing bariatric surgery than whites. The aim of this article is to describe the disparities in seeking and accessing bariatric surgery, describe the outcomes following bariatric procedures in Latinos and African Americans, and offer recommendations and future research directions that may assist in addressing these disparities. Methods: Original research and review articles published in English were reviewed. Results: Potential reasons why Latinos and African Americans have low rates of seeking bariatric surgery are described. Disparities in access to care and financial coverage, low rates of referral by primary care providers, and cultural attitudes toward obesity in conjunction with mistrust of the healthcare system are discussed as potential contributors to the low rate of bariatric surgery in Latinos and African Americans. Finally, disparities in bariatric surgery outcomes, comorbidities, and complications are reviewed. Conclusions: Additional research studies in bariatric surgical disparities are needed. Recommendations and future directions that may help to reduce disparities in bariatric surgery are discussed.
SMD inspection using structured light (2002)

Computer vision technology has been widely used in on-line inspection. In this paper, we present a computer vision system using structured light which provides us with an efficient relation for solder joint inspection. Our system uses a novel inspection technology to overcome some technology bottlenecks that traditional computer vision systems experienced. We focus the SMD inspection process on the solder joint defects in this paper. We developed a surface shape estimation technique for solder joint using a slant map. From this technique, a solder joint can be determined to be a good (concave), bad (convex), bridged solder joint, or solder joint with surplus solder, or lacking solder.
Swap-before-hibernate (2010)

Unlike a magnetic disk, a flash drive needs no seek time when performing random access. In addition, the read speed of a flash drive is faster than the write speed, and the write speed depends on the I/O request size: the bigger the request size, the faster the write speed. System hibernation stores the machine status completely in non-volatile memory. When the system reboots, the data will be reloaded to the machine, and the system status will be recovered completely. The user can continue immediately where they stopped the last time.We use the characteristic that the flash drives requires no seek time when performing random access to write the data in the memory to swap space or a hibernation file, or simply discard it without any I/O. The write process will try to combine random small writes into continuous large writes, if possible, to optimize the write speed. When the system resumes, it only reloads the data that the user needs, and the resume technique is based on paging on demand. Paging on demand is actually a kind of random access; however, since the flash drive requires no seek time, it does not drag down the system response time due to reducing the number of I/O.
In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Hesperidin Are Affected by Treatment with Glucosidase-like BglA Protein Isolated from Yeasts (2008)

Hesperidin is an abundant flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits and has been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities. However, hesperidin has poor bioavailability. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hesperetin found in chenpi will have a better bioavailability than hesperidin and that treatment of hesperidin with the glucosidase-like yeast Bg1A protein will increase its bioavailability. The results indicate that hesperidin in pure or extract form is hydrolyzed by BglA protein extracted from Sporobolomyces singularis or expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This biotransformation affected the plasma pharmacokinetics of total hesperetin in rats, in that the plasma T max was significantly shorter after administration of BglA protein-treated hesperidin than after administration of hesperidin extract. In addition, the area under the curve values for total hesperetin after administration of Bg1A-treated hesperidin were approximately 4-fold higher by oral administration and 3-fold higher by intravenous administration, respectively. In contrast, the plasma clearance value and volume of distribution after administration of Bg1A-treated hesperidin extract or pure hesperetin were significantly smaller than after administration of untreated hesperidin extract or pure hesperidin. This is the first study that systemically determines the absolute bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin simultaneously, shows clearly that hesperetin is more bioavailable than hesperidin regardless of the route of administration, and shows that prior transformation of hesperidin to hesperetin via fermentation should significantly increase its bioavailability because of the action of the yeast glycosidase-like protein BglA.
Standardized Bending and Breaking Test for the Normal and Osteoporotic Metaphyseal Tibias of the Rat: Effect of Estradiol, Testosterone, and Raloxifene (2006)

Estradiol is superior to raloxifene concerning stiffness and yield load, and both are superior to testosterone. We conclude that the described three-point bending test for the metaphyseal tibia is a highly sensitive method to study hormones and substances with regard to their osteoprotective character. The precision and the low SD of the presented results are superior to the data from qCT and the calculated index of stiffness (SSI).
An Energy-Efficient Silicon Microring Resonator-Based Photonic Transmitter (2014)

The design of two silicon microring resonator-based photonic transmitters, which were fabricated in the 130-nm SOI process and wire bonded with drivers in the 65-nm CMOS technology, is presented. The data rate of the proposed photonic transmitter can reach up to 9 Gb/s.
A Rapid Cycling Synchrotron Magnet with Separate AC and DC Circuits (1979)

In present rapid cycling synchrotron magnets ac and dc currents flow in the same coil to give the desired field. The circuit reactance is made zero at dc and the operating frequency by running the magnet in series with an external parallel resonant LC current. We propose to return the ac flux in a gap next to the synchrotron. The dc coil encloses the ac magnetic circuit and thus links no ac flux. A shorted turn between the dc coil and ac flux enhances the separation of the two circuits. Several interesting developments are possible. The dc coil could be a stable superconductor to save power. The ac flux return gap could be identical with the synchrotron gap and contain a second synchrotron. This would double the output of the system. If the return flux gap were used for a booster, the ac coil power could be greatly reduced or radiation hardening of the ac coil could be simplified.
NONFATAL WHEELCHAIR-RELATED ACCIDENTS REPORTED TO THE NATIONAL ELECTRONIC INJURY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (1994)

To better understand the epidemiology of accidents affecting wheelchair users, we evaluated 2,066 nonfatal wheelchair-related accidents reported, between 1986 and 1990, to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) Division of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. The NEISS used data from representative emergency departments across the United States during this period. An extrapolation from this sample and from those of 1991 and 1992 provided an average national estimate of 36,559 wheelchair-related accidents per year that are serious enough to cause the injured person to seek attention at an emergency department; there was a significant (P = 0.007) upward trend over time. Elderly women were the most likely to sustain an injury. Of the people injured, 7.6% were not wheelchair users themselves. The most common causes of accidents were related to falls and tips in 73.2% of incidents, associated secondary causes (e.g., a ramp) in 41.4% and transfers in 16.9%. The most frequently reported location for the falls was at home (50.8%). The majority of resulting injuries were contusions and abrasions (32.8%), lacerations (28.0%), fractures (20.2%) and sprains and strains (10.3%). Hospitalization was required in 12% of cases. The results of this analysis have implications for rehabilitation professionals, regulatory bodies and wheelchair manufacturers.
The assessment of stroke multidimensional CT and MR imaging using eye movement analysis: does modality preference enhance observer performance? (2010)

Although CT and MR imaging is now commonplace in the radiology department, few studies have examined complex interpretative tasks such as the reading of multidimensional brain CT or MRI scans from the observer performance perspective, especially with reference to Stroke. Modality performance studies have demonstrated a similar sensitivity of less than 50% for both conventional modalities, with neither modality proving superior to the other in Stroke observer performance tasks (Mohr, 1995; Lansberg, 2000; Wintermark, 2007). Visual search studies have not extensively explored stroke imaging and an in-depth, comparative eye-movement study between CT and MRI has not yet been conducted. A computer-based, eye-tracking study was designed to assess diagnostic accuracy and interpretation in stroke CT and MR imagery. Forty eight predetermined clinical cases, with five images per case, were presented to participants (novices, trainees and radiologists; n=28). The presence or absence of abnormalities was rated on a four-point Likert scale and their locations reported. Results highlight differences in visual search patterns amongst novice, trainee and expert observers; the most marked differences occurred between novice readers and experts. In terms of modality differences; novice and expert readers spent longer appraising CT images than MR, compared with trainees, who spent longer appraising MR than CT images. Image analysis trends did not appear to differ between modalities, but time spent within clinical images, accuracy and relative confidence performing the task did differ between CT and MR reader groups. To-date few studies have explored observer performance in neuroradiology and the present study examines multi-slice image appraisal by comparing matched pairs of CT and MRI Stroke cases.
Crude Oil Pipeline Scale Deposition: Causes and Removal Methods (2022)

This work investigated the causes of scale formation and removal methods on 107 km crude oil pipelineof Diffra oil field of Muglad basin as a case study. The study is based on well and pipeline historical data of threeyears (2007, 2008 and 2009). The data included production data (net oil and water cut), choke opening, pipelinepressures, water qualities and scale composition. The study revealed that the main cause of scale formation is thepresence of Ca+2 and Mg+2 in produced water and wax in oil. The scale consists of 78 % Ca+2, 12 % Mg+2 and10 % wax. Investigations on removal methods revealed that the currently employed chemical removal method iseffective; however the downtime (well shut down) is high making significant production cut. A method to reducethe cleaning down time is proposed. The pipeline is divided into two sections: aboveground and underground. Theaboveground line is characterized with the presence of valves, choke and pipe reductions (i.e. non uniform crosssection). The underground section is uniform in cross sectional area. For the aboveground section the currentpractice of chemical cleaning is recommended to be maintained however, with provision of a bypass line. Forunderground section the standard practice of pigging is recommended. The proposed cleaning method of the wholepipeline eliminates the downtime completely. In addition it is uncomplicated, with economical operation andinstallation cost. The method also make significant cut in chemical used hence reduces the hazard andenvironmental impacts.
Development of the Static Phase Separator (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">During Lunar missions, NASA's new Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) may benefit from mass savings and increased reliability by the use of a passive, capillary-driven Static Phase Separator (SPS) for urine collection, containment, and disposal in place of a rotary-fan separator and wastewater storage tank. The design of a capillary separator addresses unique challenges for microgravity fluid management for liquids with a wide range of possible contact angles and high air-to-liquid flow ratio. This paper presents the iterative process leading to a successful test in a reduced gravity aircraft of the SPS concept. Using appropriately scaled test conditions, the resulting prototype allows for a range of wetting properties <img class="article-image inline" src="2008-01-2041_fig0001.jpg" alt=""/> with complete separation of liquid from gas.</div>
Development of an omnidirectional Automated Guided Vehicle with MY3 wheels (2015)

This paper presents an omnidirectional Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) with a novel omnidirectional wheel named MY3 wheel. Due to the special structure and material of the MY3 wheel, the AGV has full three DOFs in the motion plane and good capabilities of load carrying and slip resisting. In addition, the kinematic model of the AGV is derived, and the guiding method that can make the AGV to follow a specified path is established. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the kinematic model and guiding method.
Interleukin-12 and Host Defense against Murine<i>Pneumocystis</i>Pneumonia (2008)

Little is known about the role of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in Pneumocystis pneumonia or its potential use as immunotherapy. We asked whether release of IL-12 is part of the normal host response to this infection and whether local treatment with IL-12 or gene transfer of IL-12 could accelerate clearance of infection. IL-12 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in normal mice and in mice deficient in IL-12 after inoculation of Pneumocystis carinii. P. carinii-infected mice were treated with local instillation of IL-12 and gene transfer of the IL-12 gene. Inoculation of P. carinii into normal mice evoked a brisk release of IL-12 into lung tissue, and IL-12 P35-deficient mice showed delayed clearance of infection measured by PCR for P. carinii rRNA. In control mice, intranasal recombinant IL-12 accelerated clearance of infection, and this was associated with increased recruitment of inflammatory cells into lavage fluid and increased release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-12, and gamma interferon. Similar results were observed in infected mice depleted of CD4+ lymphocytes by using in vivo transfer of the IL-12 gene in a replication-deficient adenoviral vector. IL-12 is part of the normal host response to infection with P. carinii. IL-12 therapy can enhance host resistance to infection in both normal mice and mice depleted of CD4+ T lymphocytes. A treatment effect of IL-12 is mediated through enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment into lung tissue and increased tissue concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines.