gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials for single-etch double patterning process: surface curing agent and thermal cure resist (2009)

Two different pattern curing techniques were developed to stabilize first lithographic images for the single-etch double patterning process. The first method uses a surface curing agent (SCA) that is coated on top of the patterned surface to form a protective coating layer during the curing bake process. It was found that the surface curing process with SCA offers minimum CD changes before and after the double patterning process. Virtually no CD change was observed with the first lithographic images at various curing bake temperatures ranging from 120 ~160°C indicating the curing reaction is limited on the patterned surface. The second method uses a thermal cure resist (TCR) that is a special 193nm photoresist with a crosslinkable functional group to form an insoluble network upon heating at higher temperature. A single-step curing process of the first lithographic images was achieved using TCR by baking the patterned images at 180°C for 60sec. A cross-line contact hole double patterning method was used to evaluate these two different curing techniques and both SCA and TCR successfully demonstrated their capability to print 45nm contact holes with excellent CD uniformity in immersion lithography (1.35NA) with a 45nm half pitch mask. It was also confirmed that both SCA and TCR can be extended to the top-coat free immersion double patterning process using an embedded barrier layer technique.
PD-loop technology: PNA openers at work (2001)

A concise survey of the emerging PD-loop technology is presented, which outlines several exemplary methods with robust DNA diagnostic potential: duplex DNA capture, topological DNA labeling, nondenaturing DNA sequencing and hybridization of molecular beacons to double-stranded DNA. Advantages of these new PNA-based assays over existing techniques for sequence-specific detection and manipulation of DNA duplexes are discussed. Future prospects for the further development of PD-loop technology are highlighted.
L-thiocitrulline. A stereospecific, heme-binding inhibitor of nitric-oxide synthases (1994)

Nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the oxidation of L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). The enzyme is inhibited by a variety of N omega-monosubstituted L-arginine analogs, and some of these compounds are useful in reversing pathologies associated with the overproduction of NO (e.g. the hypotension of septic shock). We report here that L-thiocitrulline (gamma-thioureido-L-norvaline) is a potent, stereospecific inhibitor of the constitutive brain and endothelial isoforms of NOS as well as the isoform induced in vascular smooth muscle cells by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Steady state kinetic studies show L-thiocitrulline inhibition is competitive with L-arginine (Ki approximately 4-20% of KArgm), indicating that initial binding is as a substrate/product analog. In contrast to L-arginine and N omega-methyl-L-arginine, the prototypic NOS inhibitor, L-thiocitrulline binding elicits a "Type II" difference spectrum, indicating a high spin to low spin transition of the iron in the heme cofactor. This finding suggests that L-thiocitrulline is contributing the sixth ligand to heme iron, probably through the thioureido sulfur. Such interaction with heme iron neither stimulates nor inhibits the direct flavin-mediated cytochrome c reduction activity of the enzyme, but it does inhibit heme-dependent superoxide formation. In vivo, L-thiocitrulline is a potent pressor agent in both normal and endotoxemic rats, the latter finding suggesting utility in treating the hypotension of septic shock.
Software pipelining (1995)

Utilizing parallelism at the instruction level is an important way to improve performance. Because the time spent in loop execution dominates total execution time, a large body of optimizations focuses on decreasing the time to execute each iteration. Software pipelining is a technique that reforms the loop so that a faster execution rate is realized. Iterations are executed in overlapped fashion to increase parallelism. Let { ABC } n represent a loop containing operations A, B, C that is executed n times. Although the operations of a single iteration can be parallelized, more parallelism may be achieved if the entire loop is considered rather than a single iteration. The software pipelining transformation utilizes the fact that a loop { ABC } n is equivalent to A { BCA } n −1 BC . Although the operations contained in the loop do not change, the operations are from different iterations of the original loop. Various algorithms for software pipelining exist. A comparison of the alternative methods for software pipelining is presented. The relationships between the methods are explored and possibilities for improvement highlighted.
T cell locomotion in the tumor microenvironment. I. A collagen-matrix assay. (1985)

Previous studies have shown that lymphocytic infiltrates of different mouse mammary tumors contain different proportions of the T cell subsets Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+. These characteristic subset ratios may be established, at least in part, by differential locomotion of subsets in response to components of the tumor microenvironment, such as soluble chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, cell and stromal surfaces, oxygen tension, and pH. We describe a new in vitro assay for determining how such microenvironmental variables affect lymphocyte locomotion. Suspended lymph node cells, alone or mixed with other cell types, are sandwiched between two layers of type I collagen gel and bathed in culture medium. A halo of locomotory cells fans out around the flattened droplet. Locomotion requires energy and exogenous protein. After a 24-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, 10% CO2 in air, the cell density of the halo is analyzed optically and the subset ratios are characterized by immunofluorescence staining of the gel sandwich. Under standard culture conditions, the locomotory population is enriched 12% in Thy-1+ cells compared with the bulk population, and the ratio of Lyt-1+ to Lyt-2+ cells is significantly increased. Lymphocyte locomotion is inhibited by 1 microM PGE2, by decreased pH and oxygen tension, and by the presence of normal mammary cells or mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The Lyt-1+:2+ ratio in the locomotory population is not altered by PGE2 but is reduced by acidity and hypoxia. The ratio is also reduced by the presence of mammary cells and cells of one of the mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines tested (168) but not by two others (68H and 410). Our data support the hypothesis that the locomotion of T cell subsets is differentially responsive to the types of microenvironmental conditions that vary among tumors.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Challenges to Bench-to-Bedside Efficacy (2018)

Immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) that target tumor-associated molecules have impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies. The field has now embraced the challenge of applying this approach to treat common epithelial malignancies, which make up the majority of cancer cases but evade immunologic attack by a variety of subversive mechanisms. In this study, we review the principles that have guided CAR T cell design and the extraordinary clinical results being achieved in B cell malignancies targeting CD19 with a single infusion of engineered T cells. This success has raised expectations that CAR T cells can be applied to solid tumors, but numerous obstacles must be overcome to achieve the success observed in hematologic cancers. Potential solutions driven by advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, T cell biology, and improved tumor models that recapitulate the obstacles in human tumors are discussed.
CoCl<sub>2</sub>catalysed decarboxylation-oxidation of mandelic acids by molecular oxygen (2004)

A series of mandelic acid derivatives was oxidised by molecular oxygen using cobalt(II) chloride as the catalyst. Benzaldehyde and/or benzoic acid derivatives were obtained in high selectivities, depending on the aromatic ring substitution. Different oxidation mechanisms are operating, depending on the mandelic acid substitution.
Inhibitory NK Receptor Recognition of HLA-G: Regulation by Contact Residues and by Cell Specific Expression at the Fetal-Maternal Interface (2010)

The non-classical HLA-G protein is distinguished from the classical MHC class I molecules by its expression pattern, low polymorphism and its ability to form complexes on the cell surface. The special role of HLA-G in the maternal-fetal interface has been attributed to its ability to interact with specific receptors found on maternal immune cells. However this interaction is restricted to a limited number of receptors. In this study we elucidate the reason for this phenomenon by comparing the specific contact residues responsible for MHC-KIR interactions. This alignment revealed a marked difference between the HLA-G molecule and other MHC class I molecules. By mutating these residues to the equivalent classical MHC residues, the HLA-G molecule regained an ability of interacting with KIR inhibitory receptors found on NK cells derived either from peripheral blood or from the decidua. Functional NK killing assays further substantiated the binding results. Furthermore, double immunofluorescent staining of placental sections revealed that while the conformed form of HLA-G was expressed in all extravillous trophoblasts, the free heavy chain form of HLA-G was expressed in more distal cells of the column, the invasion front. Overall we suggest that HLA-G protein evolved to interact with only some of the NK inhibitory receptors thus allowing a control of inhibition, while permitting appropriate NK cell cytokine and growth factor production necessary for a viable maternal fetal interface.
Antithrombotic Effect and Antiplatelet Activity of Polygonum cuspidatum Extract (2012)

항혈전 효능을 탐색하기 위하여 한약재의 호장근 추출물로 혈전 용해능 활성과 혈액 응고시간 지연효과 즉 PT(prothrombin time), APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time)와 혈소판 응집억제 활성 등에 대해 항혈전 효능을 평가하였다. 혈전용해도를 측정하는 fibrin plate가 용해되어 형성된 투명환의 넓이를 측정하는 실험을 진행한 결과 혈전용해도가 농도의존적으로 탁월한 효능을 나타내었다. 혈액응고 cascade에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 혈액 응고시간 지연 및 단축 효과를 확인하고자 APTT와 PT에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 PT의 경우 대조군보다 단축됨을 보였다. APTT의 경우 농도의존적으로 우수한 지연효과를 보였다. 혈소판의 응집에 따라 형성되는 두 전극 사이에 형성된 전기적 저항의 변화로 나타나는 실험을 시행한 결과 호장근의 ADP로 유도한 결과에서 뛰어난 응집억제 활성을 보였다. 따라서 호장근을 향후에 혈전 질환의 치료제 개발에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Constitutional Self‐Organization of Adenine–Uracil‐Derived Hybrid Materials (2007)

The alkoxysilane nucleobase adenine (A) and uracil (U) precursors described in this paper generate in solution a complex library of hydrogen-bonded aggregates, which can be expressed in the solid state as discrete higher oligomers. The different interconverting outputs that nucleobases may form by oligomerization define a dynamic polyfunctional diversity that may be "extracted selectively" in solid state by sol-gel transcription, under the intrinsic stability of the system. After the sol-gel process, unique constitutional preference for specific geometries in hybrid materials is consistent with a preferential arrangement of nucleobase systems, favoring the self-assembly by the Hoogsteen geometry. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction experiments demonstrate the formation of self-organized hybrid supramolecular materials. Electron microscopy reveals the micrometric platelike morphology of the hybrid materials. The M(A-U) hybrid material is nanostructured in ordered circular domains of 5 nm in diameter of alternative light and dark rows with an one-dimensional periodicity of 3.5 A.
Photochromism of 1,2-Bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene in a Single-Crystalline Phase (2000)

1,2-Bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) and their derivatives, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-p-tolyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (2a) and 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-p-tert-butylphenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (3a), were found to undergo reversible photochromic reactions in the single-crystalline phase. Upon irradiation with 366 nm light the single crystals turned blue. The blue colored crystals returned to colorless by irradiation with visible light (λ > 480 nm). The substituents at para positions of the phenyl groups did not affect the rates of photocyclization reactions both in the single-crystalline phase and in hexane. Activation energies of the photocyclization reactions were almost zero. On the other hand, activation energies as much as 5−10 kJ mol-1 were observed in the photocycloreversion reactions in the single-crystalline phase. These values were smaller than those observed in solution, ca. 16 kJ mol-1. Slow thermal cycloreversion reaction of the closed-ring isomer (1b) was observed above 150 °C. The activation energy was 139 kJ mol-1.
Structure and <i>in</i> <i>Vitro</i> Substrate Specificity of the Murine Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (1996)

MRP is a recently described ATP-binding cassette transporter that confers cellular resistance to natural product cytotoxic drugs. To examine the biochemical activity and cellular physiology of this transporter, we isolated the murine MRP homologue and analyzed its in vitro substrate specificity. Murine MRP transcript is widely expressed in tissues and encodes a protein of 1528 amino acids that is 88% identical to its human homologue. Hydropathy analysis indicated that murine and human MRP, the yeast cadmium resistance transporter and the sulfonylurea receptor share a conserved topology distinguished from P-glycoprotein and the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator by an N-terminal hydrophobic region that contains several potential transmembrane domains. Drug uptake assays performed with membrane vesicles prepared from NIH3T3 cells transfected with a murine MRP expression vector revealed ATP-dependent transport for the natural product cytotoxic drugs daunorubicin and vincristine, as well as for the glutathione S-conjugates leukotriene C4 and azidophenacyl-S-glutathione. Drug transport was osmotically sensitive and saturable with regard to drug and ATP concentrations, with K(m) values of 19 microM, 19 microM, 26 nM, 17 microM, and 77 microM for daunorubicin, vincristine, leukotriene C4, APA-SG, and ATP, respectively. Consistent with broad substrate specificity, the drug glutathione conjugate APA-SG, oxidized glutathione, the LTD4 antagonist MK571, arsenate, and genistein were competitive inhibitors of daunorubicin transport, with Ki values of 32 microM, 25 microM, 1.9 microM, 108 microM, and 23 microM, respectively. This study demonstrates that the substrate specificity of murine MRP is quite broad and includes both the neutral or mildly cationic natural product cytotoxic drugs and the anionic products of glutathione conjugation. The widespread expression pattern of murine MRP in tissues, combined with its ability to transport both lipophilic xenobiotics and the products of phase II detoxification, indicates that it represents a widespread and versatile cellular defense mechanism.
Non-blocking shared data structures for shared memory multiprocessor systems (2001)

The goal of this work is to implement non-blocking shared data objects for shared memory multiprocessor systems: real-time systems and high performance systems. Non-blocking synchronization has significant advantages over lock-based one: it is deadlock-free; it has better fault-tolerance behaviour; it eliminates the interference between synchronisation and the scheduler for real-time systems; it has better performance under high contention situations. In this thesis, we present non-blocking constructions for two fundamental shared data objects, read/write bu er and queue, which are widely used in real-time systems and high performance systems. Our constructions outperform the respective lock-based ones. The construction of real-time bu er extends previous results and is optimal with respect to space requirements. Both the schedulability analysis and the schedulability experiments show that the algorithm is applicable and efficient for real-time systems. Our
Tannins for suppression of internal parasites (2003)

It is increasingly evident that gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) control programs based on dewormers are failing because of increased dewormer resistance; thus, alternative GIP control strategies are necessary. Condensed tannins (CT) have biological effects that may aid in the control of GIP. The CT bind proteins and other molecules tightly at near-neutral pH, such as occurs in the rumen, with dissociation in the acidic pH of the abomasum, freeing them for digestion. Plant CT may have direct or indirect effects on GIP. Direct effects might be mediated through CT-nematode interactions, thereby affecting physiological functioning of GIP. Condensed tannins extracted from various forages can markedly decrease the viability of the larval stages of several nematodes in sheep and goats. Con
A new safeguard eliminates T cell receptor gene-modified auto-reactive T cells after adoptive therapy (2008)

Der adoptive Transfer von TZR-modifizierten T Zellen ist mit potentiellen Risiken verbunden. Autoimmunreaktionen können auftreten, wenn Tumor-assoziierte Antigene auf normalem Gewebe erkannt werden, Fehlpaarung der TZR-Ketten zur Bildung eines autoreaktiven Rezeptors führen oder ein sonst anerger auto-reaktiver endogener Rezeptor aktiviert wird. Auch besteht das Risiko der malignen Transformation der Zelle durch Insertionsmutagenese. Daher ist es notwendig, die transferierten T Zellen im Fall schwerer Nebenwirkungen eliminieren zu können. Derzeit verfügbare Sicherheitsmechanismen sind für die Therapie mit TZR-modifizierten T Zellen ungeeignet. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuer Sicherheitsansatz entwickelt, der auf einem TZR-intrinsischen Depletionsmechanismus beruht und TZR-veränderte T Zellen eliminieren kann. Durch Einfügen eines myc-tags in murine (OT-I, P14) und humane (gp100) TZRs konnten TZR-exprimierende T Zellen in vitro und in vivo mittels eines myc-spezifischen Antikörpers depletiert werden. Die T Zellen behielten vergleichbare Funktionalität hinsichtlich Antigenerkennung und Zytokinsekretion wie Zellen, die den Wild-Typ Rezeptor exprimierten. Die Depletion adoptiv transferierter T Zellen verhinderte lethalen Diabetes in einem Mausversuch. Im verwendeten Modell wurden Splenozyten, die einen myc-getagten OT-I TZR exprimierten, in RIP-mOVA Mäuse injiziert, welche in den Inselzellen des Pankreas das OT-I-spezifische Antigen Ovalbumin exprimieren. Zerstörung der Inselzellen durch die T-Zellen induzierte lethalen Diabetes in unbehandelten Mäusen. Tiere, denen ein myc-spezifischer Antikörper verabreicht wurde, zeigten keine Symptome. Dieser neuartige Sicherheitsmechanismus erlaubt es, adoptive T Zelltherapie abzubrechen, falls schwere Nebenwirkungen auftreten. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Strategien muss kein zusätzliches Sicherheitsgen eingebaut werden und die Sicherheit des Ansatzes wird durch Verlust oder Herunterregulierung des Transgens nicht beeinflusst.
Dual direction big data download and analysis (2014)

The term Big Data was recently coined as the amount of generated and stored digital data has grown so rapidly that it has become very hard to store, manage and analyze without coming up with new techniques that can cope with such challenges. Finding innovative approaches to support big data analysis has become a priority as both the research community and the industry are trying to make use of these huge amounts of available data. In this paper we introduce a new approach to enhance the overall big data analysis performance. The approach calls for utilizing data set replication, parallel download, and parallel processing over multiple compute nodes. The main concept calls for simultaneously parallelizing the download of the data (in partitions) from multiple replicated sites to multiple compute nodes that will also perform the analysis in parallel. Then the results are given to the client that requested the analysis.
Three-Dimensional Printable Nanoporous Polymer Matrix Composites for Daytime Radiative Cooling (2021)

Daytime radiative cooling presents an exciting new strategy for combating global warming, because it can passively cool buildings by reflecting sunlight and utilizing the infrared atmospheric window to eject heat into outer space. Recent progress with novel material designs showed promising subambient cooling performance under direct sunlight. However, large-scale implementation of radiative cooling technologies is still limited by the high-cost and complex fabrication. Here, we develop a nanoporous polymer matrix composite (PMC) to enable rapid production and cost reduction using commercially available polymer processing techniques, such as molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. With a high solar reflectance of 96.2% and infrared emissivity > 90%, the nanoporous PMC achieved a subambient temperature drop of 6.1 °C and cooling power of 85 W/m<sup>2</sup> under direct sunlight, which are comparable to the state-of-the-art. This work offers great promise to make radiative cooling technologies more viable for saving energy and reducing emissions in building cooling applications.
Evaluation of lipid‐binding properties of the N‐terminal helical segments in human apolipoprotein A‐I using fragment peptides (2008)

Although the N-terminal region in human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is thought to stabilize the lipid-free structure of the protein, its role in lipid binding is unknown. Using synthetic fragment peptides, we examined the lipid-binding properties of the first 43 residues (1-43) of apoA-I in comparison with residues 44-65 and 220-241, which have strong lipid affinity in the molecule. Circular dichroism measurements demonstrated that peptides corresponding to each segment have potential propensity to form alpha-helical structure in trifluoroethanol. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic measurements revealed that apoA-I (1-43) peptide has the strong ability to bind to lipid vesicles and to form alpha-helical structure comparable to apoA-I (220-241) peptide. Substitution of Tyr-18 located at the center of the most hydrophobic region in residues 1-43 with a helix-breaking proline resulted in the impaired lipid binding, indicating that the alpha-helical structure in this region is required to trigger the lipid binding. In contrast, apoA-I (44-65) peptide exhibited a lower propensity to form alpha-helical structure upon binding to lipid, and apoA-I (44-65/S55P) peptide exhibited diminished, but not completely impaired, lipid binding, suggesting that the central region of residues 44-65 is not pivotally involved in the formation of the alpha-helical structure and lipid binding. These results indicate that the most N-terminal region of apoA-I molecule, residues 1-43, contributes to the lipid interaction of apoA-I through the hydrophobic helical residues.
Mechanism of noradrenaline release by histamine in the estrogen primed rat-uterus (1988)

1. Histamine (9.7 X 10-7M - 2.3 X 1O-5M) produced a dose dependent relaxation of the estrogcn primed rat uterus. These reponses were significantly potantiated by nialamide (2.2 X 10-6M). pyrogallol (7.9 X 10-5 M) and desmathylimipramine (4.3 x 10-6 M).

2. Guansthidine (2.5 x 1D-6M) produced time dependent effect on histamine induced responses. The responses to histamine were significantly potentiated at the end of 10 min exposure to guanethidine However. after 30 min there was significant time-dependent inhibitinn of the responses to histamine.

3. The responses to histamine were inhibited significantly when NaCl concentration of the perfusion fluid (de-Jalon) was reduced to zero. Further. When Cacl 2 concentration (0.25 mM) in the NaCI free solution was increased to 1.0 mM. the responses to histamine were restored to the normal.

4 . Unlike that of histamine the absence of Nacl did not effect the responses to tyramine or isoprenaline in to rat uterus.

5. Our data suggest that the mechanism of release of noradrenaline in the rat uterus may be consequence of pre-synaptic H2 receptor stimulation.