gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium-Calcium Relationships and Cardiac Function during Coronary Bolus Perfusion (1995)

The present review deals with the side-effects of contrast media (CM) on cardiac function during coronary angiography. A physiological approach is used to redefine existing concepts of CM osmotoxicity and chemotoxicity in terms of osmolal, ionic and molecular effects. The main idea conveyed is that purely ionic effects are of central importance during and immediately following the transit of a brief coronary bolus. Ionic effects result largely from rapid transient washout of normal extracellular ions, but are also influenced by ions present in the CM. In particular, the calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions controlling cardiac function are easily affected. The myocardial Na-Ca exchange, which is mainly a physiological mechanism for cellular Ca efflux during cardiac relaxation, is therefore highlighted in detail. The importance of avoiding a potential Na-Ca mismatch is shown by examples from basic physiology, cardiac surgery and coronary angiography and by results of experiments with Visipaque. In the isomolal and isotonic CM Visipaque, which is based on the dimer isodixanol (320 mg I/ml), an available osmolal space is filled with an appropriately balanced supplement consisting of NaCl (19mM) and CaCl2 (0.3 mM).
Effects of refractory elements on the microstructure and creep behaviour of nickel-base cast superalloys strengthened with high volume fraction gamma-prime phase (1986)

Microstructural observations and creep measurements at elevated temperatures were carried out on nickel-base cast superalloys strengthened by 0.65 atomic fraction gamma-prime (y'J phase with varied concentrations of Ta, Wand Mo and with elements commonly used in practice. The variations in the amounts of the refractory elements considerably altered the morphologies and the quantities of carbides as well as γ and γ’ eutectics. The steady-state creep rate for these alloys was related to lattice mismatch between the γ and γ’ phases as well as to the aluminium concentration in the γ’ phase. The effect of the elements on creep rupture life was in the order W>Ta>Mo.
Optical spectroscopy for intra-operative guidance of brain tumor resection (2000)

Human brain tumor demarcation using optical spectroscopy was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. Results of these studies demonstrate that accurate brain tissue differentiation can be achieved using combined fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Damage Detection: Autonomous Indication of Mechanical Damage in Polymeric Coatings (Adv. Mater. 11/2016) (2016)

Smart polymeric materials that autonomously indicate mechanically damaged areas are developed by N. R. Sottos and co-workers, as described on page 2189. Microcapsules containing the color-changing indicator are homogeneously dispersed in a polymer matrix. Mechanical damage (e.g., scratch, abrasion, or compression) causes the microcapsules to rupture and release the core materials. A dramatic color change is initiated immediately to highlight the damaged regions.
Insertion of electrode array using percutaneous cochlear implantation technique: a cadaveric study (2011)

Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure for treating patients with hearing loss in which an electrode array is inserted into the cochlea. The traditional surgical approach requires drilling away a large portion of the bone behind the ear to provide anatomical reference and access to the cochlea. A minimally-invasive technique, called percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI), has been proposed that involves drilling a linear path from the lateral skull to the cochlea avoiding vital structures and inserting the implant using that drilled path. The steps required to achieve PCI safely include: placing three bone-implanted markers surrounding the ear, obtaining a CT scan, planning a surgical path to the cochlea avoiding vital anatomy, designing and constructing a microstereotactic frame that mounts on the markers and constrains the drill to the planned path, affixing the frame on the markers, using it to drill to the cochlea, and inserting the electrode through the drilled path. We present in this paper a cadaveric study demonstrating the PCI technique on three temporal bone cadaveric specimens for inserting electrode array into the cochlea. A custom fixture, called a Microtable, which is a type of microstereotactic frame that can be constructed in less than five minutes, was fabricated for each specimen and used to reach the cochlea. The insertion was successfully performed on all three specimens. Postinsertion CT scans confirm the correct placement of the electrodes inside the cochlea without any damage to the facial nerve.
Design and in Vitro Characterization of Highly sst<sub>2</sub>-Selective Somatostatin Antagonists Suitable for Radiotargeting (2008)

Radiolabeled sst 2 and sst 3 antagonists are better candidates for tumor targeting than agonists with comparable binding characteristics (Ginj, M.; Zhang, H.; Waser, B.; Cescato, R.; Wild, D.; Erchegyi, J.; Rivier, J.; Mäcke, H. R.; Reubi, J. C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 16436-16441.). Because most of the neuroendocrine tumors express sst 2, we used the known antagonists acetyl- pNO 2Phe (2)- c[ dCys (3)-Tyr (7)- dTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]- dTyr (15)-NH 2 ( 1) (Bass, R. T.; Buckwalter, B. L.; Patel, B. P.; Pausch, M. H.; Price, L. A.; Strnad, J.; Hadcock, J. R. Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 709-715. Bass, R. T.; Buckwalter, B. L.; Patel, B. P.; Pausch, M. H.; Price, L. A.; Strnad, J.; Hadcock, J. R. Mol. Pharmacol. 1997, 51, 170; Erratum.) and H-Cpa (2)- c[ dCys (3)-Tyr (7)- dTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]-2Nal (15)-NH 2 ( 7) (Hocart, S. J.; Jain, R.; Murphy, W. A.; Taylor, J. E.; Coy, D. H. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 1863-1871.) as leads for analogues with increased sst 2 binding affinity and selectivity. Among the 32 analogues reported here, DOTA- pNO 2Phe (2)- c[ dCys (3)-Tyr (7)- dAph (8)(Cbm)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)- dTyr (15)-NH 2 ( 3) and DOTA-Cpa (2)- c[ dCys (3)-Aph (7)(Hor)- dAph (8)(Cbm)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]- dTyr (15)-NH 2 ( 31) had the highest sst 2 binding affinity and selectivity. All of the analogues tested kept their sst 2 antagonistic properties (i.e., did not affect calcium release in vitro and competitively antagonized the agonistic effect of [Tyr (3)]octreotide). Moreover, in an immunofluorescence-based internalization assay, the new analogues prevented sst 2 internalization induced by the sst 2 agonist [Tyr (3)]octreotide without being active by themselves. In conclusion, several analogues (in particular 3, 31, and 32) have outstanding sst 2 binding and functional antagonistic properties and, because of their DOTA moiety, are excellent candidates for in vivo targeting of sst 2-expressing cancers.
Novel power recycling schemes for enhanced radiation efficiency in leaky-wave antennas (2009)

Two novel power recycling schemes for enhancing the radiation efficiency of leaky-wave antennas are proposed and demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The first scheme enhances the radiation efficiency of a single leaky-wave antenna by feeding the energy remaining at the output of the antenna back into its input terminal via a rat-race hybrid coupler. In this manner, the power associated with each information symbol loops several times along the structure until all its energy has been fully radiated, leading ideally to a 100% radiation efficiency. This is the self-recycling scheme. The second scheme enhances the radiation efficiency of a leaky-wave antenna array by re-injecting the energy remaining at the output of the excited element into the adjacent elements of the array via a series feeding network, and possibly including phase-shifters for full-space pencil-beam scanning. This is the cross-recycling scheme.
Effect of Air-Pressure on Room Temperature Hydrogen Sensing Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Doped Tin Oxide MEMS-Based Sensor (2005)

Nanocrystalline indium oxide (In2O3)-doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin film sensor has been sol-gel dip-coated on a microelectrochemical system (MEMS) device using a sol-gel dip-coating technique. Hydrogen (H2) at ppm-level has been successfully detected at room temperature using the present MEMS-based sensor. The room temperature H2 sensing characteristics (sensitivity, response and recovery time, and recovery rate) of the present MEMS-based sensor has been investigated as a function of air-pressure (50-600 Torr) with and without the ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. It has been demonstrated that, the concentration of the surface-adsorbed oxygen-ions (which is related to the sensor-resistance in air), the ppm-level H2, and the oxygen (O2) partial pressure are the three major factors, which determine the variation in the room temperature H2 sensing characteristics of the present MEMS-based sensor as a function of air-pressure.
Allosteric induction of the CD4-bound conformation of HIV-1 Gp120 (2013)

Two surfaces of gp120 are considered targets for the development of cross neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1; the CD4 binding site and CD4i epitopes. By implementing novel peptides that allosterically induce the CD4i epitopes we have generated a viral envelope that presents both of these surfaces simultaneously.
Excipient Selection and Criteria for Injectable Dosage Forms (2006)

Development of injectable formulations typically requires speciﬁc considerations on the type and quality of excipients used. The criteria for excipient selection depend on a number of factors, including the type of drugs and route of injection. Excipient considerations for biopharmaceutical drugs (proteins and vaccines) have been addressed in separate chapters, hence, this chapter will focus on formulation development only for small molecules (molecular weight <1000). The site of injection could be intravenous (into a vein), subcutaneous (SC) (into adipose tissue), intramuscular (IM) (into deep muscle), and, in rare occasions, intradermal (within the skin), intraocular (in the eye), intrathecal (in the spinal ﬂuid), or intratumoral (in the tumor). Injections can be made in a bolus fashion (rapid) or infused over a longer period of time. A number of devices can be used to inject drugs, from conventional needle and syringe to needle-free injectors. The container-closure system may vary from a lyophilized vial to a preﬁlled syringe or a ﬂexible plastic bag. The drug itself can be formulated as a lyophilized cake, a solution, or a dispersed system (liposomes and suspensions). All these factors play a vital role in selection of the excipients for injectable formulations. Whereas some speciﬁc systems, such as liposomes, have speciﬁc requirements, the concepts of parenteral science and excipient selection discussed in this chapter are valid for all injectable systems.
Real-Time Video Stabilization Based on Motion Compensation (2009)

This paper presents a real-time video stabilization method based on motion compensation for adjusting unstable frames captured by a vibrating camera. The basic strategy is first to check if the frame is vibrant and then to analyze the vibration type and calculate the vibration degree for compensating the vibration area. Based on block motion estimation, a feature block selected from nine fixed observation blocks is used to obtain the vibration vector. With the vibration vector, the missing area can be compensated and the overlapping area is adjusted. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively stabilize the video frames with moderate vibration in real-time.
Screening of Anti-angiogenic Activity from Plant Extracts (2006)

− We examined anti-angiogenic effects of water extracts from 32 plant materials (20 Korean medicinal plants and 12 western herbs) using cell-based anti-angiogenic assay, HUVEC tube formation assay, and then we found that 7 plant extracts inhibited HUVEC tube formation strongly. The plant materials which showed anti-angiogenic effects are Cinnamomi Ramulus, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba, Polygalae Radix, Myristicae Semen, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis, and leaves of Melissa officinalis. We also investigated inhibitory effects of these anti-angiogenic herbal extracts on MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity which has important roles in angiogenesis. Among extracts tested in this study, water extract of Melissa officinalis showed the most potent anti-angiogenic and MMP inhibitory activity.
A new technology to compensate degeneration of hearing intelligibility for elderly individuals: Development of a portable real-time speech rate conversion system (1996)

This paper presents a portable real-time speech rate conversion system for compensating degeneration of hearing intelligibility of elderly listeners who are suffering from listening to rapid speech. This system enables an elderly user to convert a speech rate as desired by him/herself on real time, with invariance in pitch as well as small impairments in quality. Conventional hearing aids are focusing on compensation of decreased hearing abilities of peripheral auditory pathways in the frequency area, while the new system tries to compensate for them with central auditory pathways in the temporal area. When this system is applied to speech accompanied with a picture, temporal discrepancy between the converted voice and the picture can be absorbed by changing the speech rate at every pitch period along a monotone decreasing function from slow to fast. The system is 180×130×65 mm in size. Another feature allows a user to change the speech rate quickly whenever he/she wants to convert at any stage of conversion. This system can be applied to both the Japanese spoken language and foreign spoken languages, and can be used as a listening aid to learn foreign languages.
Self-Balancing Position-Sensitive Detector (SBPSD) (2015)

Optical position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) are a non-contact method of tracking the location of a light spot. Silicon-based versions of such sensors are fabricated with standard CMOS technology, are inexpensive and provide a real-time, analog signal output corresponding to the position of the light spot. An innovative type of optical position sensor was developed using two back-to-back connected photodiodes. These so called self-balancing position-sensitive detectors (SBPSDs) eliminate the need for external readout circuitry entirely. Fabricated prototype devices demonstrate linear, symmetric coordinate characteristics and a spatial resolution of 200 μm for a 74 mm device. PSDs are commercially available only up to a length of 37 mm. Prototype devices were fabricated with various lengths up to 100 mm and can be scaled down to any size below that.
Local flare effects and correction in ArF lithography (2004)

We developed a method of correcting line width variations due to mid-range flare (which we call local flare) originating from the exposure tool. Local flare effects can be calculated using a model with a double Gaussian point spread function. Line width uniformity was improved by mask pattern correction based on our local flare effects modeling. In addition, a hybrid system that can use two optimal correction parameters with or without a double-exposure region was applied to gate layer lithography. Its results confirmed that our local flare correction method is very effective for obtaining high CD uniformity.
An engineered vaccine of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein enhances induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (2017)

Plasmodium vivax invasion into human reticulocytes is a complex process. The Duffy binding protein (DBP) dimerization with its cognate receptor is vital for junction formation in the invasion process. Due to its functional importance, DBP is considered a prime vaccine candidate, but variation in B-cell epitopes at the dimer interface of DBP leads to induction of strain-limited immunity. We believe that the polymorphic residues tend to divert immune responses away from functionally conserved epitopes important for receptor binding or DBP dimerization. As a proof of concept, we engineered the vaccine DEKnull to ablate the dominant Bc epitope to partially overcome strain-specific immune antibody responses. Additional surface engineering on the next generation immunogen, DEKnull-2, provides an immunogenicity breakthrough to conserved protective epitopes. DEKnull-2 elicits a stronger broadly neutralizing response and reactivity with long-term persistent antibody responses of acquired natural immunity. By using novel engineered DBP immunogens, we validate that the prime targets of protective immunity are conformational epitopes at the dimer interface. These successful results indicate a potential approach that can be used generally to improve efficacy of other malaria vaccine candidates.
NUMERISCHE MODELLIERUNG DER ULTRASCHALL-THERMOTHERAPIE (2002)

In ultrasound thermotherapy (USTT) high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is used for noninvasive thermal treatment of human tissue deep inside the body. In this paper a FDTD-model is presented to simulate USTT. It combines nonlinear ultrasound propagation and broadband tissue attenuation together with the bio-heat transfer equation for calculation of temperature distribution in tissue. The temperature dependence of parameters is integrated in the complete model. Simulation results demonstrate the potentialities of this simulation tool to analyze and optimize thermotherapy.
Enhanced Combustion Characteristics of Bismuth Trioxide‐Aluminum Nanocomposites Prepared through Graphene Oxide Directed Self‐Assembly (2015)

Abstract We present a facile, spontaneous, and surfactant‐free method to controllably self‐assemble aluminum and bismuth trioxide nanoparticles through the introduction of graphene oxide as a self‐assembly directing agent. The self‐assembled nanocomposites demonstrate significant combustion performance improvements in comparison to randomly mixed aluminum and bismuth trioxide nanoparticles with enhanced pressure generation from 60 to 200 MPa, pressurization rate from 3 to 16 MPa μs −1 , burning rate from 1.15 to 1.55 km s −1 , and specific impulse from 41 to 71 s. The sensitivity of the self‐assembled aluminum and bismuth trioxide to electrostatic discharge was reduced by four orders of magnitude, without decreasing the combustion performance. Graphene oxide directed self‐assembly can be used to synthesize nanocomposites with diverse combustion properties and controlled ignition sensitivity, which lays the foundation for preparing multi‐functional, highly‐reactive, combustion systems in the future.
Spectral decomposition method of dialog state tracking via collective matrix factorization (2016)

The task of dialog management is commonly decomposed into two sequential subtasks: dialog state tracking and dialog policy learning. In an end-to-end dialog system, the aim of dialog state tracking is to accurately estimate the true dialog state from noisy observations produced by the speech recognition and the natural language understanding modules. The state tracking task is primarily meant to support a dialog policy. From a probabilistic perspective, this is achieved by maintaining a posterior distribution over hidden dialog states composed of a set of context dependent variables. Once a dialog policy is learned, it strives to select an optimal dialog act given the estimated dialog state and a defined reward function. This paper introduces a novel method of dialog state tracking based on a bilinear algebric decomposition model that provides an efficient inference schema through collective matrix factorization. We evaluate the proposed approach on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC-2) dataset and we show that the proposed tracker gives encouraging results compared to the state-of-the-art trackers that participated in this standard benchmark. Finally, we show that the prediction schema is computationally efficient in comparison to the previous approaches.
Phenoxazine as a solid monitoring reagent for ozone (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenoxazine as a solid monitoring reagent for ozoneJack L. Lambert, Yun Long. Liaw, and Joseph V. PaukstelisCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 5, 503–505Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00159a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00159a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunopeptidometric Assay for Enzymatically Active Prostate-Specific Antigen (2004)

Abstract Background: Determinations of certain forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have been shown to increase the specificity for prostate cancer (PCa). One such variant, proteolytically active PSA, is a potentially useful tumor marker, but it is not specifically recognized by antibodies. Using phage display libraries, we previously identified a “family” of peptides that bind specifically to active PSA. We used these to develop an immunopeptidometric assay (IPMA) that specifically detects this form of PSA. Methods: Microtitration plates coated with a PSA antibody were used to capture PSA, and a PSA-binding glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion peptide was used as a tracer. Bound tracer was detected with an antibody to GST labeled with a europium chelate. PSA isoenzymes with high and low enzymatic activity were used to study binding specificity. Results: The IPMA detected enzymatically active PSA but not internally cleaved PSA and pro-PSA, which are enzymatically inactive. The assay detected 1–10% of free PSA in serum from PCa patients. Conclusions: Peptides identified by phage display can be used to develop assays with unique specificities for enzymatically active PSA. IPMA represents a new assay principle with wide potential utility.
Hybrid approach to two-dimensional surface-emitting diode laser arrays (1988)

A new hybrid structure for two-dimensional surface-emitting diode laser arrays has been demonstrated. Each hybrid array consists of linear arrays of GaAs/AlGaAs lasers, with conventional cleaved end facets, that are mounted in grooves etched in a Si substrate. The etched grooves have flat bottoms and 45° sidewalls that are coated with a highly reflecting Cr/Au layer. A hybrid array with three 4-mm-wide GaAs/AlGaAs linear laser arrays has been fabricated and tested. Approximately 10 W of peak power perpendicular to the array surface was obtained from each of the linear arrays for 11–12 A of pulsed current per array. The measured differential quantum efficiencies were 65–70%, indicating that the 45° metallized sidewalls deflect by 90° essentially all of the light emitted from the laser facets. The new approach allows for the use of integral Si heat sinks and should prove useful for fabricating large, high-power, two-dimensional laser arrays in any material system.