gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Rotating Stall in Vaneless Diffusers of Centrifugal Compressors (1980)

Self-excited flow oscillations in radial vaneless diffusers of centrifugal compressors are investigated analytically using the linearized equations of motion for unsteady flows. Solutions of the differential equations are made to satisfy boundary conditions at diffuser inlet and exit which in typical conversion systems represent the coupling between the diffuser and upstream and downstream components. The results indicate that the rotational speed of the stall pattern is dependent on the diffuser radius ratio and the coupling conditions between the impeller and the diffuser. It is shown that the dependence of the onset of the flow oscillations on the diffuser radius ratio is strong if the conditions at diffuser inlet are such that low speed rotating stall patterns are generated in the diffuser. Onset of high speed rotating stall patterns is more affected by the coupling conditions between the impeller and the diffuser than by the diffuser radius ratio.
A lightweight interactive debugger for haskell (2007)

This paper describes the design and construction of a Haskell source-level debugger built into the GHCi interactive environment. We have taken a pragmatic approach: the debugger is based on the traditional stop-examine-continue model of online debugging, which is simple and intuitive, but has traditionally been shunned in the context of Haskell because it exposes the lazy evaluation order. We argue that this drawback is not as severe as it may seem, and in some cases is an advantage.
Cost-effectiveness and safety of epidural steroids in the management of sciatica (2005)

Although ESIs appear relatively safe, it was found that they confer only transient benefit in symptoms and self-reported function in a small group of patients with sciatica at substantial costs. ESIs do not provide good value for money if NICE recommendations are followed. Additional research is suggested into the epidemiology of radicular pain, producing a register of all ESIs, possible subgroups who may benefit from ESIs, the use of radiological imaging, optimal early interventions, analgesic agents and nerve root injections, the use of cognitive behavioural therapy in rehabilitation, improved methods of assessment, a comparative cost-utility analysis between various treatment strategies, and methods to reduce the effect of scarring and inflammation.
Maximizing Hypervisor Scalability Using Minimal Virtual Machines (2013)

The smallest instance offered by Amazon EC2 comes with 615MB memory and a 7.9GB disk image. While small by today's standards, embedded web servers with memory footprints well under 100kB, indicate that there is much to be saved. In this work we investigate how large VM-populations the open Stack hyper visor can be made to sustain, by tuning it for scalability and minimizing virtual machine images. Request-driven Qemu images of 512 byte are written in assembly, and more than 110 000 such instances are successfully booted on a 48 core host, before memory is exhausted. Other factors are shown to dramatically improve scalability, to the point where 10 000 virtual machines consume no more than 2.06% of the hyper visor CPU.
Feedforward Active Noise Control With a New Variable Tap-Length and Step-Size Filtered-X LMS Algorithm (2014)

The fixed tap-length and step-size filtered-X least mean-square (FxLMS) algorithm is conventionally used in active noise control (ANC) systems. A tradeoff between the performance and the convergence rate is a well-known problem due to the choice of the step size. Although the variable-step-size FxLMS algorithms have been proposed for fast convergence, a long tap-length filter is frequently required in order to deal with different environments such that the convergence rate is still subject to a small step size for the long tap length. In this paper, we study a new ANC system with a variable tap-length and step-size FxLMS algorithm. Based on the assumption of an unsymmetric and two-sided exponential decay response model for the ANC control filter, the new FxLMS algorithm has the minimum mean-square deviation for the optimal filter coefficients. In the online secondary path modeling ANC system, simulation results show that the new algorithm with different kind of variable step sizes can provide significant improvements of convergence rate and noise reduction ratio, compared to the fixed-tap-length FxLMS algorithms.
Subsurface Nanoimaging by Broadband Terahertz Pulse Near-Field Microscopy (2014)

Combined with terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy, THz near-field microscopy based on an atomic force microscope is a technique that, while challenging to implement, is invaluable for probing low-energy light-matter interactions of solid-state and biomolecular nanostructures, which are usually embedded in background media. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a broadband THz pulse near-field microscope that provides subsurface nanoimaging of a metallic grating embedded in a dielectric film. The THz near-field microscope can obtain broadband nanoimaging of the subsurface grating with a nearly frequency-independent lateral resolution of 90 nm, corresponding to similar to lambda/3300, at 1 THz, while the AFM only provides a flat surface topography.
A Rapid Lung De-cellularization Protocol Supports Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation <i>In Vitro</i> and Following Implantation (2012)

Pulmonary diseases represent a large portion of neonatal and adult morbidity and mortality. Many of these have no cure, and new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. De-cellularization of whole organs, which removes cellular elements but leaves intact important extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and three-dimensional architecture, has recently been investigated for ex vivo generation of lung tissues. As specific cell culture surfaces, including ECM composition, profoundly affect cell differentiation, this approach offers a potential means of using de-cellularized lungs to direct differentiation of embryonic and other types of stem/progenitor cells into lung phenotypes. Several different methods of whole-lung de-cellularization have been reported, but the optimal method that will best support re-cellularization and generation of lung tissues from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has not been determined. We present a 24-h approach for de-cellularizing mouse lungs utilizing a detergent-based (Triton-X100 and sodium deoxycholate) approach with maintenance of three-dimensional lung architecture and ECM protein composition. Predifferentiated murine ESCs (mESCs), with phenotypic characteristics of type II alveolar epithelial cells, were seeded into the de-cellularized lung scaffolds. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of coating the de-cellularized scaffold with either collagen or Matrigel to determine if this would enhance cell adhesion and affect mechanics of the scaffold. Finally, we subcutaneously implanted scaffolds in vivo after seeding them with mESCs that are predifferentiated to express pro-surfactant protein C (pro-SPC). The in vivo environment supported maintenance of the pro-SPC-expressing phenotype and further resulted in vascularization of the implant. We conclude that a rapid detergent-based de-cellularization approach results in a scaffold that can maintain phenotypic evidence of alveolar epithelial differentiation of ESCs and support neovascularization after in vivo implantation.
Limitations of an amorphous-metal magnetometer operated by modulating the magnetostrictive strain (1989)

An analysis is presented of the characteristics of a magnetometer which uses an amorphous-metal ribbon as its primary sensing element and which operates by modulating the magnetostrictive strain. Magnetic fields at the second harmonic of the modulation frequency are identified as capable of significantly degrading the magnetometer performance. A second-harmonic field is measured and its contribution to the noise is estimated.
Imaging Hydoxyapatite in sub-RPE Deposits by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) (2017)

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017.
Frequency and symbol rate offset compensating algorithms for simultaneous estimation of echo and channel responses (1998)

This article addresses two critical problems in designing new full-duplex fast training algorithms for simultaneously estimating echo and channel responses. Although algorithms of this type have been discussed and evaluated in previous work, the proposed algorithms concentrate on coping with the following two problems that were not solved in the previous approaches: (1) the symbol rate difference between the local transmitter and the remote transmitter, and (2) the frequency offsets in both far echo and far signal that are caused by the analog carrier network. The performance of the new methods is analyzed in terms of the mean square error. Simulation results are presented to confirm the analysis.
Six Degree-of-Freedom Haptic System as a Desktop Virtual Prototyping Interface (1999)

Abstract This paper describes a new six degree of freedom haptic interface with a large translational and rotational range of motion. The 6DOF haptic interface is demonstrated with an example industrial-scale virtual prototyping simulation which shows a moderately complex object Interacting with an arbitrarily complex virtual environment, using a full-service collision detection and response package to calculate the force and torque response in all six degrees of freedom.
Biological properties of chimeric antibodies. Interaction with complement. (1987)

Genetic engineering allows the production of chimeric immunoglobulins where the same variable region is expressed in conjunction with constant regions of different species. We have compared the capacity of mouse and chimeric (mouse variable region/human constant region) immunoglobulin M (IgM) to trigger complement-dependent lysis and to bind complement component C1. Guinea pig and human C1 were bound more efficiently by mouse IgM than by chimeric IgM, whereas rat and rabbit C1 were bound more efficiently by chimeric IgM. Comparable results were obtained for complement as measured by the lysis of sensitized erythrocytes. These results indicated that differences between the human and mouse mu heavy chain constant regions define structures that are important in the C1-IgM interaction. Furthermore, species-specific differences in C1 also influence this interaction.
Dietary lipids for ruminants: protection, utilization and effects on remodelling of skeletal muscle phospholipids (1993)

Processes have been developed which protect dietary fat from ruminal metabolism, enabling greater quantities of lipid to be included in the diet of ruminants without causing deleterious effects on cellulose digestion and methane formation in the rumen. The inclusion of both protected fat and protected protein in the diet of lactating ruminants increased the percentage of milk fat and eliminated the reduction in protein content which is often observed as a result of feeding protected fat by itself. The inclusion of protected fat and protected protein in the diets of feedlot cattle increased metabolizable energy and rumen non-degradable protein. This resulted in improved feed conversion and dressing percent. There were substantial changes in the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols of milk and adipose tissue as a result of feeding oil seeds protected from ruminal hydrogenation. The inclusion of protected fats containing linoleic or eicosapentaenoic acids in the diet of lotfed cattle resulted in major alterations in the fatty acid composition of the molecular species of muscle phospholipids. The significance of these changes in relation to phospholipid remodelling, signal transduction pathways and the characteristics of lipid-derived second messengers is discussed.
Redactable and auditable data access for bioinformatics research. (2013)

Presently, the process of extraction and dissemination of data subsets for research from clinical data warehouses is cumbersome and error prone. Furthermore, large-scale research projects often involve multiple users of the same data extract; each of these users may be authorized to access different data elements and specific subsets of the data extract. Once initial data extraction has been done for a research project, capability to transform the data for individual users and track which data are being accessed by which users in a secure environment is lacking in existing systems. This paper describes several methods that the authors are integrating into a system designed to provide secure, flexible, and auditable support for supplying users with data subsets. The methods implement secure, redactable, and auditable mechanisms for data extraction and dissemination. This paper describes the architecture along with an initial proof-of-concept implementation. Preliminary performance measurements show that the approach manages clinical data in redactable and auditable form with reasonable overheads.
Comparison of Data for Thermal Diffusivity Obtained by Laser‐Flash Method Using Thermocouple and Photodetector (1985)

Thermal diffusivities of cordierite glass and glass‐ceramics measured by the laser‐flash method using remote optical sensing to monitor the transient temperature of the specimen were higher than those obtained with a thermocouple. The latter data were thought to be lower because of thermal contact resistance, the heat capacity of the cement used to adhere the thermocouple, and heat loss along the thermocouple wire. It is concluded that remote optical sensing yields more reliable data.
Equivalence checking a 256 MB SDRAM (2002)

This paper outlines how symbolic simulation was used to verify both data and sequence integrity in a 256 MB SDRAM. The initial step is to examine the underlying equivalence-checking engine and then explain how it is applied to SDRAM verification. SDRAM verification is interesting in that it captures both memory and sequence verification. The data integrity verification is valid for any type of memory structure and the sequence integrity can be extended to many types of sequenced machines.
Support Vector Machines with L<SUB align="right">1 penalty for detecting gene-gene interactions (2012)

Interactions among genetic variants are likely to affect risk for human complex diseases, and their identification should increase the power to detect disease-associated variants and elucidate biological pathways underlying diseases. We propose a two-stage approach: model selection with support vector machines identifies the most promising single nucleotide polymorphisms and interactions; logistic regression ensures a valid type I error by excluding non-significant candidates after Bonferroni correction. Simulation studies for case-control data suggest that our method powerfully detects gene-gene interactions. We analyze a published genome-wide case-control dataset, where our method successfully identifies an interaction term, which was missed in previous studies.
Triethyl orthoformate covalently cross-linked chitosan-(poly vinyl) alcohol based biodegradable scaffolds with heparin-binding ability for promoting neovascularisation (2016)

There is a need to develop pro-angiogenic biomaterials to promote wound healing and to assist in regenerative medicine. To this end, various growth factors have been exploited which have the potential to promote angiogenesis. However, these are generally expensive and labile which limits their effectiveness. An alternative approach is to immobilize heparin onto biocompatible degradable hydrogels. The heparin in turn will then bind endogenous proangiogenic growth factors to induce formation of new blood vessels.In this study, we continue our development of hydrogels for wound healing purposes by exploring covalently cross-linking chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels using triethyl orthoformate. Two concentrations of triethyl orthoformate (4 and 16%) were compared for their effects on the structure of hydrogels - their swelling, pore size, and rate of degradation and for their ability to support the growth of cells and for their heparin-binding capacity and their effects on angiogenesis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.Hydrogels formed with 4 or 16% both triethyl orthoformate cross-linker were equally cyto-compatible. Hydrogels formed with 4% triethyl orthoformate absorbed slightly more water than those made with 16% triethyl orthoformate and broke down slightly faster than non-cross-linked hydrogels. When soaked in heparin the hydrogel formed with 16% triethyl orthoformate showed more blood vessel formation in the CAM assay than that formed with 4% triethyl orthoformate.
Brightness contrast–contrast induction model predicts assimilation and inverted assimilation effects (2008)

In classical assimilation effects, intermediate luminance patches appear lighter when their immediate surround is comprised of white patches and appear darker when their immediate surround is comprised of dark patches. With patches either darker or lighter than both inducing patches, the direction of the brightness effect is reversed and termed as "inverted assimilation effect." Several explanations and models have been suggested, some are relevant to specific stimulus geometry, anchoring theory, and models that involve high level cortical processing (such as scission, etc.). None of these studies predicted the various types of assimilation effects and their inverted effects. We suggest here a compound brightness model, which is based on contrast-contrast induction (second-order adaptation mechanism). The suggested model predicts the various types of brightness assimilation effects and their inverted effects. The model is composed of three main stages: (1) composing post-retinal second-order opponent receptive fields, (2) calculations of local and remote contrast, and (3) adaptation of the second-order (contrast-contrast induction). We also utilize a variation of the Jacobi iteration process to enable elegant edge integration in order to evaluate the model is performance.
Event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are event-based systems that rely on the collective effort of several microsensor nodes. Reliable event detection at the sink is based on collective information provided by source nodes and not on any individual report. However, conventional end-to-end reliability definitions and solutions are inapplicable in the WSN regime and would only lead to a waste of scarce sensor resources. Hence, the WSN paradigm necessitates a collective event-to-sink reliability notion rather than the traditional end-to-end notion. To the best of our knowledge, reliable transport in WSN has not been studied from this perspective before. In order to address this need, a new reliable transport scheme for WSN, the event-to-sink reliable transport (ESRT) protocol, is presented in this paper. ESRT is a novel transport solution developed to achieve reliable event detection in WSN with minimum energy expenditure. It includes a congestion control component that serves the dual purpose of achieving reliability and conserving energy. Importantly, the algorithms of ESRT mainly run on the sink, with minimal functionality required at resource constrained sensor nodes. ESRT protocol operation is determined by the current network state based on the reliability achieved and congestion condition in the network. This self-configuring nature of ESRT makes it robust to random, dynamic topology in WSN. Furthermore, ESRT can also accommodate multiple concurrent event occurrences in a wireless sensor field. Analytical performance evaluation and simulation results show that ESRT converges to the desired reliability with minimum energy expenditure, starting from any initial network state.
Evaluation of Instrumental Parameters for Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Gunshot Residue Particle Analysis (1991)

Abstract Computer-controlled analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM) parameters such as the minimum particle size, video threshold, digital clectron beam point spacing, video dwell time, X-ray counting time, and analysis mode, affect the time and accuracy of automated gunshot residue (GSR) particle analysis. The effects of these parameters on automated analysis of a GSR sample are described. This study was performed using custom-written software which includes several features, such as simultaneous energy and wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis, that are not available in commercial packages. Proper setting of the backscattered electron (BSE) video threshold is critical for automated SEM/GSR particle analysis. Use of a calibrated BSE detector facilitates reproducible setting of the BSE video threshold. With the results from this and similar studies using different GSR samples, it should be possible to develop standard procedures for automated SEM/GSR particle analysis.
Noninvasive measurement of left ventricular myocardial elasticity (1994)

We examined Advani and Lee's equation (ALeq) and a dimension analysis-derived equation (DAeq), both of which treat vibration of the elastic spherical shell and are able to estimate elasticity of the shell noninvasively when the sizes and eigen-frequency are provided. We confirmed that ALeq was numerically identical to DAeq and that both equations gave the precise elasticity of the silicone shell. Then we estimated left ventricular (LV) myocardial elasticity noninvasively at the moment of the first heart sound emission (1HS) in 25 healthy subjects and 14 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, based on the LV eigen-frequency detected by an intraesophageal miniature vibration sensor. HCM patients had a higher mean value of LV myocardial elasticity at 1HS than healthy subjects [102.3 +/- 33.4 vs. 70.7 +/- 24.4 kPa, P < 0.01 (Pa = N/m2 = 10 dyn/cm2)]. We thereby demonstrated the possibility of a noninvasive estimate of myocardial elasticity.
Asphaltene Precipitation in High Gas-Oil Ratio Wells (2003)

Abstract Asphaltene deposits have been observed in a number of high gas-oil ratio (GOR) wells in north Ghawar. Even though the oil reservoir is undersaturated two small gas-caps are present as a result of gas injection during the 1960s and 1970s. New development wells drilled recently to produce oil and gas from the gas-cap areas have experienced asphaltene deposition. The cause of precipitation is the stripping of the asphaltenes from the crude by the gas. This paper describes the results of an investigative study that was initiated to determine the precipitation mechanism and ways to alleviate the deposition problem. Asphaltene precipitation experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions in a special PVT apparatus. The effect of gas-oil ratio on asphaltene precipitation was determined by titrating the reservoir oil with gas-cap gas. Bulk deposition tests were also performed at different GORs with reservoir fluids. The results demonstrate that the onset of asphaltene precipitation occurs at relatively low GOR values. However, the amount of asphaltene precipitated at the onset is negligible. Asphaltene precipitation and deposition increase with increasing GORs. Asphaltene deposition envelopes are provided for the reservoir oil as a function of pressure and temperature. Guidelines are provided to alleviate the problem by controlling the GORs. Recipes for solvent treatment including asphaltene dispersants are also described in the paper.