gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction diode made of semiconducting diamond films (1991)

A diamond p-n junction diode fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition technique, shows distinct rectification characteristics. From the electron beam induced current measurement, the existence of a depletion region or a space-charge region around the interface between the n- and p-type semiconducting diamond layers was identified.
From one tree to a forest (2011)

Structured data, in the form of entities and associated attributes, has been a rich web resource for search engines and knowledge databases. To efficiently extract structured data from enormous websites in various verticals (e.g., books, restaurants), much research effort has been attracted, but most existing approaches either require considerable human effort or rely on strong features that lack of flexibility. We consider an ambitious scenario -- can we build a system that (1) is general enough to handle any vertical without re-implementation and (2) requires only one labeled example site from each vertical for training to automatically deal with other sites in the same vertical? In this paper, we propose a unified solution to demonstrate the feasibility of this scenario. Specifically, we design a set of weak but general features to characterize vertical knowledge (including attribute-specific semantics and inter-attribute layout relationships). Such features can be adopted in various verticals without redesign; meanwhile, they are weak enough to avoid overfitting of the learnt knowledge to seed sites. Given a new unseen site, the learnt knowledge is first applied to identify page-level candidate attribute values, while inevitably involve false positives. To remove noise, site-level information of the new site is then exploited to boost up the true values. The site-level information is derived in an unsupervised manner, without harm to the applicability of the solution. Promising experimental performance on 80 websites in 8 distinct verticals demonstrated the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed solution.
Preparation of Irreversibly Sickled Cell β-Actin from Normal Red Blood Cell β-Actin<sup>,</sup> (2001)

We have previously demonstrated that an oxidative change, the formation of a disulfide bridge between two cysteine residues, in the membrane protein beta-actin is primarily responsible for locking the irreversibly sickled red blood cells (ISCs) of sickle cell anemic patients into the sickle shape. To support studies on biological and chemical characterization of the oxidized beta-actin and pharmacological research toward the reversal of the oxidation, we attempted to prepare oxidized beta-actin from normal red blood cell (RBC) beta-actin by a chemical reaction, expecting a product equivalent to that found in ISCs. 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, or Ellman's reagent) was used for the oxidation. We proved the absence of accessible sulfhydryl groups in the oxidized product using liquid chromatography (LC) with both UV and fluorescence detection. Polymerization assays indicated that the chemically produced ISC actin demonstrated the same kinetics as ISC actin obtained from patients with sickle cell disease. The effect of the oxidation could be reversed by the use of the reducing agent tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).
PET imaging of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in prostate cancer: current status and future perspectives (2016)

Overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors (uPAR) represents an important biomarker for aggressiveness in most common malignant diseases, including prostate cancer (PC). Accordingly, uPAR expression either assessed directly in malignant PC tissue or assessed directly in plasma (intact/cleaved forms)-provides independent additional clinical information to that contributed by PSA, Gleason score, and other relevant pathological and clinical parameters. In this respect, non-invasive molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) offers a very attractive technology platform, which can provide the required quantitative information on the uPAR expression profile, without the need for invasive procedures and the risk of missing the target due to tumor heterogeneity. These observations support non-invasive PET imaging of uPAR in PC as a clinically relevant diagnostic and prognostic imaging method. In this review, we will focus on the recent development of uPAR PET and the relevance within prostate cancer imaging. Novel antibody and small-molecule radiotracers-targeting uPAR, including a series of uPAR-targeting PET ligands, based on the high affinity peptide ligand AE105, have been synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo in preclinical murine xenograft models and, recently, in a first-ever clinical uPAR PET study in cancer patients, including patients with PC. In this phase I study, a high and specific uptake of the tracer <sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTA-AE105 was found in both primary tumors and lymph node metastases. The results are encouraging and support large-scale clinical trials to determine the utility of uPAR PET in the management of patients with PC with the goal of improving outcome.
Rate-distortion modeling of binary shape using state partitioning (1999)

In this paper, the rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics of binary shapes are modeled. Specifically we are interested in predicting the rate and distortion that is produced by the shape coding techniques that have been adopted into the MPEG-4 standard. The shape coding algorithm is a context-based arithmetic encoder and operates on a per block basis. Currently, there is no efficient way of estimating the rate and distortion at various levels of resolution. Consequently, we propose a model that is based on a set of parameters that can be easily extracted from the binary blocks. The parameters represent states that arise from the possible binary patterns that can occur in a small neighborhood around the current pixel. Symmetry is exploited to keep the number of states to a minimum. It is shown that the proposed model is computationally efficient and provides accurate estimates of the R-D characteristics of a binary shape.
Charge Separation in a Novel Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center Lives 380 ms (2001)

An extremely long-lived charge-separated state has been achieved successfully using a ferrocene-zincporphyrin-freebaseporphyrin-fullerene tetrad which reveals a cascade of photoinduced energy transfer and multistep electron transfer within a molecule in frozen media as well as in solutions. The lifetime of the resulting charge-separated state (i.e., ferricenium ion-C(60) radical anion pair) in a frozen benzonitrile is determined as 0.38 s, which is more than one order of magnitude longer than any other intramolecular charge recombination processes of synthetic systems, and is comparable to that observed for the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. Such an extremely long lifetime of the tetrad system has been well correlated with the charge-separated lifetimes of two homologous series of porphyrin-fullerene dyad and triad systems.
A Switchable Cross‐Species Liquid Repellent Surface (2016)

A switchable cross-species liquid-repellent surface is developed that can rapidly switch between two distinct liquid-repellent modes: i) the superhydrophobic mode, modeled after lotus leaves, and ii) the slippery mode, modeled after the pitcher-plant peristome. Adaptive liquid repellency and programmable fog harvesting are demonstrated as application examples for the new switchable surface.
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines (1988)

A series of substituted 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines was synthesized and evaluated for antiulcer activity in water immersion/restrained stress ulcer assay in rats. Structure-activity relationships are described. Most of the tested compounds exhibited low affinity to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The molecular features for the best activities are the 2-(diethylamino)ethylenediamine group at the 5-position of the oxepin ring and an oxepin skeleton rather than a thiepin or a pyran skeleton. Methyl and chlorine substitution on the benzene ring reduced the activity. Compound 11, 5-[[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino]-5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino [3,4-b]pyridine trihydrochloride was selected for further evaluation. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of optically active 11 is described. There were no statistically significant differences between (+)-, (-)-, and (+/-)-11. Compound 11 showed weak antisecretory activity in pylorus-ligated rats. It is now under clinical evaluation as KW 5805.
Design of composite scaffolds and three-dimensional shape analysis for tissue-engineered ear (2013)

Engineered cartilage is a promising option for auricular reconstruction. We have previously demonstrated that a titanium wire framework within a composite collagen ear-shaped scaffold helped to maintain the gross dimensions of the engineered ear after implantation, resisting the deformation forces encountered during neocartilage maturation and wound healing. The ear geometry was redesigned to achieve a more accurate aesthetic result when implanted subcutaneously in a nude rat model. A non-invasive method was developed to assess size and shape changes of the engineered ear in three dimensions. Computer models of the titanium framework were obtained from CT scans before and after implantation. Several parameters were measured including the overall length, width and depth, the minimum intrahelical distance and overall curvature values for each beam section within the framework. Local curvature values were measured to gain understanding of the bending forces experienced by the framework structure in situ. Length and width changed by less than 2%, whereas the depth decreased by approximately 8% and the minimum intrahelical distance changed by approximately 12%. Overall curvature changes identified regions most susceptible to deformation. Eighty-nine per cent of local curvature measurements experienced a bending moment less than 50 µN-m owing to deformation forces during implantation. These quantitative shape analysis results have identified opportunities to improve shape fidelity of engineered ear constructs.
Pd-Catalyzed cascade cyclization of <i>o</i>-alkynylanilines <i>via</i> C–H/C–N bond cleavage leading to dibenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>c</i>]carbazoles (2018)

A new and efficient Pd-catalyzed cascade cyclization of biaryl-tethered o-alkynylanilines for the formation of dibenzo[a,c]carbazole derivatives has been reported. The use of the alkyl-substituted tertiary anilines together with the combination of the PdCl2 catalyst with the MnO2 oxidant and PivOH is vital for giving rise to 5-endo cyclization, C-N bond cleavage, and C-H bond activation in a cascade manner to produce the corresponding products with structural diversity.
The use of DNA probes in studies of human cytomegalovirus. (1985)

Hybridization assays provide a sensitive and rapid means for studying the molecular biology of viral replication and for identifying viral nucleic acid in biological specimens. Such assays are attractive because the detection of virus does not require intact virions or concomitant viral protein synthesis, both of which may be absent in a latently infected cell or in a virus-associated tumor. For molecular and clinical studies on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), we have cloned and characterized subgenomic EcoRI fragments representative of the entire genome of HCMV strain AD169. To study the epidemiology of HCMV infections and to identify the presence of HCMV nucleic acid in urine, blood, Kaposi's sarcoma, and other tissues, we have used various hybridization techniques, including DNA dot/slot-blot hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and in situ cytohybridization. These studies demonstrate how cloned molecular probes can be used to study the molecular biology, pathogenesis, and treatment of viral infections.
A Population of Thermostable Reverse Transcriptases Evolved from <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> DNA Polymerase I by Phage Display (2006)

Gezielt ausgewählt: Ein Satz an Enzymen, die anhand ihrer RNA-abhängigen DNA-Polymerase-Aktivität aus einer Bibliothek von mehr als 107 Enzymmutanten ausgewählt wurden, wurde charakterisiert. Das Produkt wurde spezifisch an katalytisch aktive Proteine gebunden, die auf filamentösen Bakteriophagen präsentiert wurden. Die katalytische Effizienz der ausgewählten Varianten bei der reversen Transkription ist zwei Größenordnungen höher.
P‐139: The Investigation of Field Sequence Color Liquid Crystal Display with New Polymer Stabilized Vertical Alignment Mode (2018)

In this paper, a field‐sequential‐color liquid crystal display (FSC LCD) based on new polymer stabilized vertical alignment (N‐PSVA) liquid crystal display mode and photo alignment technology have been developed. An excellent response time of the device can be obtained by the developed of N‐PSVA LC and the optimizing of process, with the operating voltage keep in 10V. By this work, the 32 inch large size FSC TV panels were presented
High frame‐rate simultaneous bilateral breast DCE‐MRI (2006)

A simultaneous bilateral back-projection method for 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI of the breasts was developed and evaluated. Using a double-side band modulation of the RF slab excitation pulse, discontinuous volumes that included both breasts were simultaneously selected. The number of slice phase-encoding steps was undersampled by a factor of 2, and the resulting signal aliasing from one volume to the other was removed using SENSE processing. In-plane encoding was performed with an interleaved radial acquisition reconstructed using dynamic k-space-weighted image contrast (KWIC) temporal filtering. Image resolution was 0.5 x 0.5 x 3.0 mm(3) with an effective temporal resolution of 15 s for both breast volumes. Combined with the 2x acceleration from SENSE encoding, this is a 16x acceleration factor over a conventional MR bilateral breast scan. An initial evaluation of these methods was performed on a cohort of women who presented with palpable or mammographically visible breast abnormalities. A total of 73 abnormalities were found in 45 of the 54 bilateral examinations that were performed. In 11 of these cases there was a significant finding in the contralateral breast. DCE images of both breasts can be acquired simultaneously, resulting in high-resolution images as well as rapid sampling of the contrast kinetics.
Optically differential reconfigurable gate array (2007)

Abstract Recent years have seen the development of optically reconfigurable gate arrays, which can be reconfigured using light at high speeds that cannot be implemented with electrical wiring. However, optically reconfigurable gate arrays have reconfiguration speeds of 16 to 20 µs, which is fast compared to FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), but high‐speed reconfiguration, approaching the operating clock of a mounted circuit, has not been implemented. Also, partial reconfiguration, which is indispensable for frequent dynamic reconfiguration, has not been considered. The authors propose an Optically Differential Reconfigurable Gate Array (ODRGA), which can be reconfigured at high speeds close to the operating clock of a mounted circuit and which allows partial reconfiguration of any zone in bit units. This paper includes an overview of ODRGA and introduces the optically differential reconfigurable architecture, with which arbitrary, partial reconfiguration is possible, as well as the optically reconfigurable architecture enabling high‐speed optical reconfiguration. Then, it is demonstrated that high‐speed optical reconfiguration at 200 ns, the world's fastest system‐level optical reconfiguration, is possible with an optical system using a pulse laser diode wherein nanosecond optical reconfiguration is possible with a prototype stand‐alone VLSI chip. Finally, it is made clear that, in the future, improvement to the optical components will make possible nanosecond high‐speed optical reconfiguration at the system level as well. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 132–139, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20420
Coordinated expression and genetic polymorphisms in Grainyhead-like genes in human non-melanoma skin cancers (2018)

Non-melanoma skin cancer growth is accompanied by coordinated reduced expression of epidermal differentiation genes: GRHL1 and GRHL3, which may be regulated by miR-21-3p and -5p, respectively. Some potentially damaging single nucleotide polymorphisms in GRHL genes occur with altered frequencies in NMSC patients, and they may in particular impair the expression of GRHL3 gene or functioning of encoded protein. The presence of these polymorphisms may indicate an increased risk of NMSC development in affected people.
Characterization of Third Bodies in Self-Lubricating Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composites by Electron Microprobe Analysis (1996)

Abstract Third bodies play a crucial role in governing the tribological behavior of self-lubricating composites. The present study deals with the characterization of third bodies generated during a two million-cycle wear test of a self-lubricating aluminum metal-matrix composite (MMC). The composite is comprised of five percent by volume of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and 10 vol.% of silicon carbide (SiC) dispersed in a commercial aluminum alloy (Al-0.40Si-0.75Mg) matrix. Friction and wear tests on the MMC were performed in laboratory air (55-65% RH) with a 440C steel counterface in a ball-on-disk apparatus. The wear scar was characterized by electron microprobe analysis. The transfer film on the steel ball and the wear debris were analyzed using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. In the compositional backscattered electron image mode, the wear scar showed a dark phase with a sulfur to tungsten (S/W) atomic ratio of 4.2 and patches of partially oxidized tungsten disulfide with an S/W atomic ratio of 1.6. The dark phase was distributed mostly in thin streaks along the direction of sliding. Tungsten disulfide platelets were not detected either in the wear debris or in the wear-induced transfer film on the steel counterface. The debris was predominantly spheroidal in shape. The debris and the transfer film were different in chemical composition from any of the constituent phases of the MMC. The synergistic role played by porosity, SiC and WS2 in imparting self-lubrication to the aluminum MMC was examined. Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 14–19, 1995 Notes Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 14–19, 1995
All-optical regenerative memory for long term data storage (1997)

The function of ‘memory’ is one of the key building blocks to implement advanced information processing in future ultrahigh-speed photonic networks. For example, memory allows 100Gbit/s optical packets [1] to be buffered and queued for subsequent processing of the data and memory is also an intrinsic function for serial optical computing systems [2]. Several types of optical memory have already been demonstrated using recirculating fibre loops. These memories are either pulse-preserving, where the same optical pulses propagate on each circulation of the storage loop [3,4], or regenerative where the pulses are replaced after some number of memory circulations [5,6,7,8]. For pulse-preservation memories, the long term stability of the data pattern depends on being able to retime and reshape the optical pulses within the memory loop, since it acts like a long transmission line [3,4,9]. In all configurations, the longest achieved stable storage time was of the order of ten minutes. Here we describe a novel all-optical regenerative memory where an optical pulse binary data pattern can be stored for several hours. The highly stable operation is achieved by fully regenerating the data pattern after each circulation of an optical fibre delay line. This all-optical architecture is a combination of two nonlinear optical switching elements (TOAD/SLALOM [10,11]) which have low switching energies (≈ 1 pJ) and can in principle operate at bit-rates approaching 100Gbits -1 [12].
Enterprise business application product line as a model driven software factory (2004)

business applications are critical to the smooth operation of modern businesses. They need to perform and scale up to the ever-increasing demands of modern businesses on IT, and are implemented using distributed architectures. These applications tend to have a long life during which they need to quickly respond to changing business rules, business processes and technology platforms. No two businesses are exactly alike even in the same business domain. This calls for an enterprise business application to be specialized for the needs of a specific business. Product line architectures that organize systems into well-defined core and variable parts have been proposed to address this need. Traditional code based development approaches do not provide the right kind of abstractions to support product lines. We propose a model driven development approach that enables a system to be specified in terms of composable units along the required dimensions of variations of a product line. Such a platform-independent specification can be retargeted to technology platforms of choice using model-based code generators. We propose a software factory for an enterprise business application product line wherein a set of purpose-specific tools generated from their specifications support a purpose- specific development process. We describe our experience in building and using such a software factory.
Robust Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Beamformer based on Target Activity Detection in Binaural Hearing Aid Applications (2019)

In this work, a new beamforming algorithm for binaural hearing aids is introduced, with a good robustness to errors in the estimated target direction of arrival. The proposed design is based on a selection between a monaural MVDR beamformer and a binaural MVDR beamformer at each time-frequency bin. The decision of using either the monaural MVDR or the binaural MVDR at each time-frequency bin depends on a proposed target activity detection system, over an a priori determined target zone. The proposed target activity detection system uses a binaural beamforming method in target-cancelling mode, in order to get an estimate of the dominant speaker direction at each time-frequency bin. Simulations are performed using signals and propagation models obtained from real-life multichannel binaural hearing aids, to evaluate the resulting noise reduction and target distortion. Simulation results show the robustness of the proposed design to errors in the estimated target direction of arrival, in comparison with both the monaural MVDR and binaural MVDR algorithms.