gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform‐correlation‐derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm (2016)

Abstract In microseismicity analyses, reliable focal mechanisms can typically be obtained for only a small subset of located events. We address this limitation here, presenting a framework for determining robust focal mechanisms for entire populations of very small events. To achieve this, we resolve relative P and S wave polarities between pairs of waveforms by using their signed correlation coefficients—a by‐product of previously performed precise earthquake relocation. We then use cluster analysis to group events with similar patterns of polarities across the network. Finally, we apply a standard mechanism inversion to the grouped data, using either catalog or correlation‐derived P wave polarity data sets. This approach has great potential for enhancing analyses of spatially concentrated microseismicity such as earthquake swarms, mainshock‐aftershock sequences, and industrial reservoir stimulation or injection‐induced seismic sequences. To demonstrate its utility, we apply this technique to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm. In our analysis, 85% of the events (7212 out of 8494 located by Shelly et al . [ ]) fall within five well‐constrained mechanism clusters, more than 12 times the number with network‐determined mechanisms. Of the earthquakes we characterize, 3023 (42%) have magnitudes smaller than 0.0. We find that mechanism variations are strongly associated with corresponding hypocentral structure, yet mechanism heterogeneity also occurs where it cannot be resolved by hypocentral patterns, often confined to small‐magnitude events. Small (5–20°) rotations between mechanism orientations and earthquake location trends persist when we apply 3‐D velocity models and might reflect a geometry of en echelon, interlinked shear, and dilational faulting.
Inclinometer monitoring system for stability analysis: the western slope of the Bełchatów field case study (2016)

Abstract The geological structure of the Bełchatów area is very complicated as a result of tectonic and sedimentation processes. The long-term exploitation of the Bełchatów field influenced the development of horizontal displacements. The variety of factors that have impact on the Bełchatów western slope stability conditions, forced the necessity of complex geotechnical monitoring. The geotechnical monitoring of the western slope was carried out with the use of slope inclinometers. From 2005 to 2013 fourteen slope inclinometers were installed, however, currently seven of them are in operation. The present analysis depicts inclinometers situated in the north part of the western slope, for which the largest deformations were registered. The results revealed that the horizontal displacements and formation of slip surfaces are related to complicated geological structure and intensive tectonic deformations in the area. Therefore, the influence of exploitation marked by changes in slope geometry was also noticeable.
Number and Proliferation of Clara Cells in Normal Human Airway Epithelium (1999)

Experimental pathologic studies suggest that Clara cells are one of the types of airway stem cells but the proliferation of Clara cells in human lungs has not yet been examined. The purpose of this study was to assess in conducting airways of normal human lungs: (1) the number of Clara cells; and (2) the contribution of Clara cells to the proliferation compartment. Samples of histologic normal tissue were taken from seven lungs obtained by autopsy. A triple sequential (immuno)histochemical staining was performed, using MIB-1 as a proliferation marker and anti-CC10 for the identification of Clara cells; subsequently, a PAS stain was carried out as a marker for goblet cells, as these cells were reported to be CC10-immunoreactive in an unknown proportion. Clara cells were virtually absent in the proximal airway epithelium. The number of Clara cells in the terminal bronchioles was 11 +/- 3% (mean +/- SD) and in respiratory bronchioles 22 +/- 5%. The overall proliferation compartment of the conducting airway epithelium was 0.83 +/- 0.47%; the contribution of Clara cells was 9%. In the terminal bronchioles 15% of proliferating airway epithelial cells were Clara cells, and in the respiratory bronchioles this number increased to 44%. The contribution of Clara cells to the proliferation compartment of normal human tracheobronchial epithelium is substantial, demonstrating a role of the Clara cell in the maintenance of the normal epithelium of the distal conducting airways in humans.
Pharmacological Profiles of Oligomerized μ-Opioid Receptors (2013)

Opioids are widely prescribed pain relievers with multiple side effects and potential complications. They produce analgesia via G-protein-protein coupled receptors: μ-, δ-, κ-opioid and opioid receptor-like 1 receptors. Bivalent ligands targeted to the oligomerized opioid receptors might be the key to developing analgesics without undesired side effects and obtaining effective treatment for opioid addicts. In this review we will update the biological effects of μ-opioids on homo- or hetero-oligomerized μ-opioid receptor and discuss potential mechanisms through which bivalent ligands exert beneficial effects, including adenylate cyclase regulation and receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
Regulation of the glial-specific JC virus early promoter by the transcription factor Sp1. (1994)

The regulation of glial-specific JC virus early gene expression was addressed by functional dissection of a previously uncharacterized form of the JC virus promoter (MH-1). The MH-1 promoter directed 31-fold higher reporter gene expression in U87MG glioma cells than in HeLa cells in a transient transfection assay. Transfection of promoter constructs containing proximal or proximal plus upstream regions revealed that reporter gene expression was activated by both proximal and tandem repeat regions in glioma cells. The proximal region contains a guanine-rich sequence, the GA box, which was found to regulate the promoter, and was recognized specifically by the transcription factor Sp1. The GA box is also present in the promoters of three glial-specific cellular genes. Together with paired AP-1 and NF-1 sites in the tandem repeats, the GA box is part of a motif that is conserved between several glial-specific promoters, and is thus a potential determinant of glial-specific gene expression. These results delineate the promoter regions required for activation of the MH-1 JC virus promoter, suggest a new determinant of glial specificity, and establish a model for the investigation of combinatorial activation of a glial-specific viral promoter.
Vision-Based Autonomous Driving: A Model Learning Approach (2020)

We present an integrated approach for perception and control for an autonomous vehicle and demonstrate this approach in a high-fidelity urban driving simulator. Our approach first builds a model for the environment, then trains a policy exploiting the learned model to identify the action to take at each time-step. To build a model for the environment, we leverage several deep learning algorithms. To that end, first we train a variational autoencoder to encode the input image into an abstract latent representation. We then utilize a recurrent neural network to predict the latent representation of the next frame and handle temporal information. Finally, we utilize an evolutionary-based reinforcement learning algorithm to train a controller based on these latent representations to identify the action to take. We evaluate our approach in CARLA, a high-fidelity urban driving simulator, and conduct an extensive generalization study. Our results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several previously reported approaches in terms of the percentage of successfully completed episodes for a lane keeping task.
A biomechanical analysis of multistrand repairs with the Silfverskiöld peripheral cross-stitch (2007)

We compared the bulking and tensile strength of the Pennington modified Kessler, Cruciate and the Savage repairs in an ex vivo model. A total of 60 porcine tendons were randomised to three groups, half repaired using a core suture alone and the remainder employing a core and peripheral technique. The tendons were distracted to failure. The force required to produce a 3 mm gap, the ultimate strength, the mode of failure and bulking for each repair were assessed. We found that there was a significant increase in strength without an increase in bulk as the number of strands increased. The Cruciate repair was significantly more likely to fail by suture pullout than the Pennington modified Kessler or Savage repairs. We advise the use of the Savage repair, especially in the thumb, and a Cruciate when a Savage is not possible. The Pennington modified Kessler repair should be reserved for multiple tendon injuries.
Identification of <i>DFNA5</i> as a target of epigenetic inactivation in gastric cancer (2006)

Epigenetic gene inactivation plays a key role in the development of various types of cancer. Using methylated CpG island amplification coupled with representational difference analysis to identify genes inactivated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer, we identified seven DNA fragments corresponding to the 5' CpG islands of the affected genes. One of the clones recovered was identical to the 5' flanking region of DFNA5, a gene previously shown to be associated with deafness and induced by DNA damage. Further analysis revealed that DFNA5 is expressed in normal tissues but is down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines due to methylation of the region around its transcription start site. Treating gastric cancer cells that lacked DFNA5 expression with a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, restored the gene's expression. Methylation of DFNA5 was detected in 50% of primary gastric tumors, and was correlated with positivity for Epstein-Barr virus and the absence of metastasis. Moreover, introduction of exogenous DFNA5 into silenced cells suppressed colony formation. Taken together, these data suggest that the silencing of DFNA5 occurs frequently in gastric cancer and may play a key role in development and progression of the disease.
Platform business dynamics: A case study (2017)

In recent times a new business model, called platforms, has emerged and showed its potential. The current literature is focusing on platform elements and gives a cross-sectional view of platforms. However, there is a lack of understanding of platform’s longitudinal development over time, which this research focuses on.\n\n\nThis study shows the three different stages of a successful platform’s development, based on a case study. These three stages are internal platform, multi-sided platform and industry platform. Based on the case, a theoretical model is formed, which explains the development process at every stage. The theoretical model describes the actions that the platform makes at every stage in order to develop to the next stage. These actions include both improvements to the existing product or service and experimentation with new products or services. The transition from one stage to the next is marked by a conceptual insight.\n\n\nAdditionally, this research shows the importance of data & analytics in platform development. Data & analytics is a powerful tool to improve the existing service, and the trust on the platform, which both is shown to lead to increased network effects.
Nanoscale‐Controlled Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) Films Using Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (2010)

Proteinase K is patterned on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film by agarose-assisted dip-pen nanolithography. Lateral biodegradation at the nanometer scale on PLLA film is faster than vertical biodegradation. The height and diameter of the patterned proteinase K dots can affect the depth of the biodegraded holes, while the concentration of the proteinase K solution (the ink used to coat the AFM tip) does not affect the biodegradation.
Protection of rabbit retina from ischemic injury by superoxide dismutase and catalase. (1993)

These findings suggest that free radical generation is involved in ischemic tissue damage. The fact that antioxidant enzymes can be protective has implications for the treatment of acute ischemic diseases of the retina.
Electroadhesion Technologies for Robotics: A Comprehensive Review (2019)

Electroadhesion (EA) is an electrically controllable adhesion mechanism that has been studied and used in fields including active adhesion and attachment, robotic gripping, robotic crawling and climbing, and haptics, for over a century. This is because EA technologies, compared to other existing adhesion solutions, facilitate systems with enhanced adaptability (EA is effective on a wide of range of materials and surfaces), reduced system complexity (EA systems are both mechanically and electrically simpler), low energy consumption, and less-damaging to materials (EA, combined with soft materials, can be used to lift delicate objects). In this survey, we comprehensively detail the working principle, modeling, design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of EA technologies employed in robotics, aiming to provide guidance and offer potential insights for future EA researchers and applicants. Joint and collaborative efforts are still required to promote the in-depth understanding and mature employment of this promising adhesion and gripping technology in various robotic applications.
Measurement of spontaneous-emission enhancement near the one-dimensional photonic band edge of semiconductor heterostructures (1996)

We present results of an experimental investigation into alteration of the spontaneous emission spectrum of GaAs from within one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) structures. The PBG samples are multilayer AlAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.8}$As/GaAs p-i-n light-emitting diodes, with layers arranged as a distributed Bragg reflector. The emission spectra normal to the layers are measured, and we use a simple method to model the power spectrum of spontaneous emission from within the structures. We find that the emitted power is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 at the frequencies near the photonic band edge. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Strengthening The Nation’s Public Health Infrastructure: Historic Challenge, Unprecedented Opportunity (2002)

The nation's attention has been focused on the vital need for a strong public health infrastructure to protect community health. In this paper we provide an overview of progress during the past decade and point to immediate challenges and opportunities that resulted from recent events. Further, we highlight the need for continued vigilance and broad partnership development if we are to maintain public support for public health. Finally, we point to the need for better language, compelling case reports, and quantitative capacity assessment to guide policymakers and program leaders and to ensure long-term support.
Scaling up Photoelectrocatalytic Reactors: A TiO2 Nanotube-Coated Disc Compound Reactor Effectively Degrades Acetaminophen (2019)

Multiple discs coated with hierarchically-organized TiO2 anatase nanotubes served as photoelectrodes in a novel annular photoelectrocatalytic reactor. Electrochemical characterization showed light irradiation enhanced the current response due to photogeneration of charge carriers. The pharmaceutical acetaminophen was used as a representative water micropollutant. The photoelectrocatalysis pseudo-first-order rate constant for acetaminophen was seven orders of magnitude greater than electrocatalytic treatment. Compared against photocatalysis alone, our photoelectrocatalytic reactor at <8 V reduced by two fold, the electric energy per order (EEO; kWh m−3 order−1 for 90% pollutant degradation). Applying a cell potential higher than 8 V detrimentally increased EEO. Acetaminophen was degraded across a range of initial concentrations, but absorbance at higher concentration diminished photon transport, resulting in higher EEO. Extended photoelectrocatalytic reactor operation degraded acetaminophen, which was accompanied by 53% mineralization based upon total organic carbon measurements. This proof of concept for our photoelectrocatalytic reactor demonstrated a strategy to increase photo-active surface area in annular reactors.
Diversity (2007)

This unique collection of papers, from authors whose experience and nationalities are themselves diverse, captures intellectual and personal reflections on diversity. The authors offer unique perspect
Crown cation complex effects. 12. Dissolution and complexation of arenediazonium cations in nonpolar media. An assessment of solvent effects and reactivity by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrown cation complex effects. 12. Dissolution and complexation of arenediazonium cations in nonpolar media. An assessment of solvent effects and reactivity by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyStephen H. Korzeniowski, Ahuva Leopold, James R. Beadle, Michael F. Ahern, William A. Sheppard, Raj K. Khanna, and George W. GokelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2153–2159Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in the discovery of exosome inhibitors in cancer (2020)

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by most eukaryotic cells. They are considered to play an essential role in cell-to-cell communication, and It is also found that they serve as functional mediators in many severe diseases, including progression of various types of cancers. Inhibition of exosome release may slow the progression of some cancers; thus, exosome has been an attractive target for cancer treatment. Over the years, considerable efforts have been made to discover novel, highly potent and excellently selective exosome inhibitors. Most of these inhibitors are derived from synthetic compounds, some of which are currently existed drugs and found to have the potential to inhibit exosome release. In this review, we briefly discussed the development of exosome inhibitors that are currently discovered and provided guidance for the future development of inhibitors.
Attempt to deposit carbon nitride films by electrodeposition from an organic liquid (1999)

Carbon nitride films were synthesized by electrodeposition from an organic liquid on silicon substrates at temperatures lower than 80 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The N/C ratio in the films is about 0.25. The x-ray diffraction measurement indicates that the film contains some ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ polycrystalline phases. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses suggest the presence of both single and double carbon-nitrogen bonds. The deposition mechanisms are also discussed. Our paper shows that the electrodeposition technique may hold some promise for synthesizing the metastable compound ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ in the liquid phase.
Ethosuximide reverses paclitaxel- and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy (2004)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is one of the most effective and frequently used chemotherapeutics for the treatment of solid tumours. However, paclitaxel produces peripheral neurotoxicity with patients reporting sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain during and often persisting after paclitaxel therapy. The mechanisms underlying this dose-limiting side effect are currently unknown and there are no validated drugs for its prevention or control. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received four intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections on alternate days of 2 mg/kg paclitaxel. Behavioural assessment using von Frey filaments and acetone showed that such paclitaxel treatment induced a pronounced mechanical and cold allodynia/hyperalgesia. Thus these studies aim to test potential analgesics on established paclitaxel-induced pain. Paclitaxel-induced pain appears to be relatively resistant to opioid therapy i.p. 4 mg/kg morphine was ineffective and i.p. 8 mg/kg morphine only elicited up to a 50% reversal of mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia. Interestingly, a maximally tolerated dose (i.p. 0.2 mg/kg) of the potent NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 produced no significant reversal of the mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia suggesting that NMDA receptors have little role in paclitaxel-induced pain. Ethosuximide (i.p. 450 mg/kg) an anti-epileptic and relatively selective T-type calcium channel blocker elicited a near complete reversal of mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia. Repetitive dosing with ethosuximide (i.p. 100 or 300 mg/kg daily for 3 days) showed a dose-related consistent reversal of mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia with no evidence of tolerance. Ethosuximide (i.p. 300 mg/kg) also reversed paclitaxel-induced cold allodynia and vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia. These data suggest that T-type calcium channels may play a role in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and moreover identify ethosuximide as a new potential treatment for chemotherapy-induced pain.
Geopolítica de la crisis venezolana: ofensiva conservadora en latinoamérica (2019)

La ofensiva de Washington contra el presidente venezolano, Nicolas Maduro, se apoyo en el consentimiento de los dirigentes conservadores de la region, ahora mayoritarios. Gracias a ellos, el intervencionismo estadounidense ha podido maquillarse de preocupacion humanitaria… Pero la obstinacion de la Administracion de Trump parece haber conseguido exasperar a la derecha latinoamericana pese a su docilidad.