gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deterministic measurement procedures for diagnosis of massive uniform linear antenna arrays (2016)

The number and relative geometry of collected measurements significantly affect the reliability of massive antenna array diagnosis. In this paper, we investigate and compare two deterministic algorithms for taking measurements based on a compressive-sensing-based approach for rapid and reliable detection of faulty elements in massive multi-input multi-output antenna arrays. We exploit the fact that the measurement matrix for a uniform linear antenna array reduces to a partial discrete Fourier transform matrix with rows corresponding to the measurements' locations. With the aid of the investigated algorithms, the measurements can be wisely taken to reduce the measurement matrix's worst-case coherence, which affects the detection probability of the defective antenna elements. In particular, one of the algorithms aims at constructing a measurement matrix with fewer distinct inner product values to reduce the worst-case coherence. The second algorithm is based on bounding the inner product between any pair of measurement matrix columns. Our study shows that uniform measurements can adversely affect the detection probability of the defective antenna elements, while using either one of the investigated deterministic algorithms leads to remarkable performance improvement.
A Supervised Approach for Text Illustration (2016)

In this paper we propose a novel method to illustrate text articles with pictures from a tagged repository. Certain types of documents, like news articles, are often accompanied by a few pictures only. Prior works leverage topics or key phrases from the text to suggest relevant pictures. We propose a supervised model based on features like readability, picturability, sentiment polarity, and presence of important phrases, to identify and rank key sentences. The proposed method then suggests some relevant pictures based on the top ranked sentences thus identified.
High-precision modular microfluidics by micromilling of interlocking injection-molded blocks (2017)

Wider use and adaptation of microfluidics is hindered by the infrastructure, knowledge, and time required to build prototype systems, especially when multiple fluid operations and measurements are required. As a result, 3D printing of microfluidics is attracting interest, yet cannot readily achieve the feature size, smoothness, and optical transparency needed for many standard microfluidic systems. Herein we present a new approach to the design and construction of high-precision modular microfluidics, using standard injection-molded blocks that are modified using micromilling and assembled via elastically averaged contacts. Desktop micromilling achieves channel dimensions as small as 50 μm depth and 150 μm width and adhesive films seal channels to allow internal fluid pressure of >400 kPa. Elastically averaged connections between bricks result in a mechanical locating repeatability of ∼1 μm, enabling fluid to pass between bricks via an O-ring seal with >99.9% reliability. We demonstrated and tested block-based systems for generating droplets at rates above 9000 min<sup>-1</sup> and COV <3%, and integrated optical sensors. We also show how blocks can be used to build easily reconfigurable interfaces with glass microfluidic devices and imaging hardware. Microfluidic bricks fabricated by FDM and SLA 3D printing cannot achieve the dimensional quality of molded bricks, yet 3D printing allows customized bricks to be integrated with standard LEGOs. Our approach enables a wide variety of modular microfluidic units to be built using a widely available, cost-effective platform, encouraging use in both research and education.
Balhimycin, a New Glycopeptide Antibiotic with an Unusual Hydrated 3-Amino-4-oxoaldopyranose Sugar Moiety (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBalhimycin, a New Glycopeptide Antibiotic with an Unusual Hydrated 3-Amino-4-oxoaldopyranose Sugar MoietySugata Chatterjee, Erra K. S. Vijayakumar, Suresh R. Nadkarni, Mahesh V. Patel, J. Blumbach, Bimal N. Ganguli, H.-W. Fehlhaber, H. Kogler, and L. VertesyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 12, 3480–3484Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00091a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00091a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved normalization without recourse to an impostor database for speaker verification (2002)

Score normalization has become an important facet of modern speaker verification systems. That is, the score of the verification attempt with the claimant voiceprint is usually normalized by the score from a background model or a cohort model. Typically, the determination of these normalizing models requires a priori a database of impostors and is clearly incompatible with real world applications. We propose a scheme to generate a normalizing model by biasing a speaker independent model with the customer's enrollment tokens. For each password of each customer, there exists a privileged direction in model parameter space defined by the speaker independent and dependent models. By changing the location of the speaker independent model along this direction, a family of modified normalizing models can be generated without any knowledge about the impostors. In the difficult task of speaker verification with same-gender impostors, who know the password, 10%-15% error rate reduction is achieved using various biasing mechanisms.
Detection of Supersonic Waves Emitted from Anomalous Arc Discharge in Plasma Processing Equipment (2000)

We report, for the first time, a new method of monitoring anomalous arc discharge in plasma processing equipment by detecting supersonic waves emitted at a discharge site. The supersonic wave is detected with an acoustic transducer attached to the outside surface of a plasma chamber. It is demonstrated that the method can detect anomalous discharge both in direct-current (DC) and radio-frequency (RF) plasma equipment. The results suggest that the method can find the location of anomalous discharge sites in the processing chamber.
Visual saliency detection by spatially weighted dissimilarity (2011)

In this paper, a new visual saliency detection method is proposed based on the spatially weighted dissimilarity. We measured the saliency by integrating three elements as follows: the dissimilarities between image patches, which were evaluated in the reduced dimensional space, the spatial distance between image patches and the central bias. The dissimilarities were inversely weighted based on the corresponding spatial distance. A weighting mechanism, indicating a bias for human fixations to the center of the image, was employed. The principal component analysis (PCA) was the dimension reducing method used in our system. We extracted the principal components (PCs) by sampling the patches from the current image. Our method was compared with four saliency detection approaches using three image datasets. Experimental results show that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on predicting human fixations.
Strategies for the etiological therapy of cystic fibrosis (2017)

Etiological therapies aim at repairing the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), which is the functional defect of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein owing to mutations in the CFTR gene. Among these, the F508del CFTR mutation accounts for more than two thirds of CF cases worldwide. Two somehow antinomic schools of thought conceive CFTR repair in a different manner. According to one vision, drugs should directly target the mutated CFTR protein to increase its plasma membrane expression (correctors) or improve its ion transport function (potentiators). An alternative strategy consists in modulating the cellular environment and proteostasis networks in which the mutated CFTR protein is synthesized, traffics to its final destination, the plasma membrane, and is turned over. We will analyze distinctive advantages and drawbacks of these strategies in terms of their scientific and clinical dimensions, and we will propose a global strategy for CF research and development based on a reconciliatory approach. Moreover, we will discuss the utility of preclinical biomarkers that may guide the personalized, patient-specific implementation of CF therapies.
Structure–Activity Relationship, Biological, and Pharmacological Characterization of the Proline Sulfonamide ACT‐462206: a Potent, Brain‐Penetrant Dual Orexin 1/Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonist (2014)

The orexin system consists of two G-protein-coupled receptors, the orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors, widely expressed in diverse regions of the brain, and two peptide agonists, orexin A and orexin B, which are produced in a small assembly of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The orexin system plays an important role in the maintenance of wakefulness. Several compounds (almorexant, SB-649868, suvorexant) have been in advanced clinical trials for treating primary insomnia. ACT-462206 is a new, potent, and selective dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) that inhibits the stimulating effects of the orexin peptides at both the orexin 1 and 2 receptors. It decreases wakefulness and increases non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM sleep while maintaining natural sleep architectures in rat and dog electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) experiments. ACT-462206 shows anxiolytic-like properties in rats without affecting cognition and motor function. It is therefore a potential candidate for the treatment of insomnia.
A novel monolithic piezoelectric sensor (2002)

A novel monolithic piezoelectric sensor (MPS) is presented for the detection of physical, chemical and biochemical measurands. This new sensor overcomes specific deficiencies associated with the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) while still employing a well-characterized, temperature-stable thickness-shear mode (TSM). The sensor is applicable to both gaseous and liquid phase measurements; however, the principal benefit of the MPS is in liquid phase measurements. In these applications, it offers the ability to operate simple, yet stable, oscillator circuits in relatively viscous media. The proposed sensor structure is based on a two-pole coupled resonator, in which mechanical coupling between the electrical input and output determines the electrical properties. This structure offers approximately 180/spl deg/ of phase shift over its 3dB bandwidth with nominally 180/spl deg/ of insertion phase at the symmetric resonant frequency and approximately 0/spl deg/ of insertion phase at the antisymmetric resonant frequency. Simple oscillator circuits may be implemented which measure the symmetric frequency (f/sub s/), the antisymmetric frequency (f/sub a/) or the nominal center frequency (f/sub s/). Suitable switching allows combinations of these frequencies to be sequentially measured, expanding the capabilities of the MPS versus the QCM. This novel MPS sensor structure should accelerate the commercialization of piezoelectric sensor technology, particularly in such areas as chemical, biochemical and environmental testing.
Determination of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A rapid flow cytometric assay for direct demonstration of antibody‐mediated platelet activation (1999)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis are serious complications of heparin therapy. Recently, we have reported a practical and rapid functional flow cytometric assay (FCA) for the diagnosis of HIT with high specificity and sensitivity compared with the radioactive serotonin-release assay (SRA). In the present study, we added an immune-neutralization assay to directly demonstrate the antibody-mediated process, and tested the immune compatibility of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) Lovenox and the heparinoid Orgaran (danaproid) using plasma from 18 patients with HIT confirmed by both FCA and SRA. The clinical utility of this modified method is demonstrated by a pediatric patient with a complex clinical presentation who developed thrombocytopenia with multiple thromboses while on heparin therapy. ELISA and SRA (performed in three independent laboratories) for diagnosis of HIT were both negative. In contrast, the FCA for detecting activated platelets expressing anionic phospholipids, was highly and reproducibly positive with both unfractionated and LMWH. Another FCA also demonstrated the surface expression of the α-granule membrane p-selectin (CD62p). Compatibility testing with the heparinoid Orgaran was also positive (and with plasma from 4 of the 18 patients with HIT). Heparin was discontinued, along with full recovery of the platelet count. The capacity of the patient's plasma to activate platelets in the presence of heparin gradually decreased over 4 weeks consistent with antibody clearance. The responsible mechanism was clarified using an immune-neutralization assay, which showed a dose response neutralization of the plasma activity by antibodies against human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. This assay was also reproducible in the 18 patients with HIT. We conclude that the functional FCA with its modification is practical, sensitive, and specific for reliable diagnosis of HIT. It can simultaneously assess the compatibility of alternative therapies and directly confirm the antibody-mediated process. Further, it is particularly useful to clarify mechanisms of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and to direct therapy in patients with a complex presentation and confounding laboratory results who often need prompt diagnosis and treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 61:53–61, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distributed power allocation for interference limited networks (2010)

The goal of our work is to limit in-band interference in wireless communication systems. Based on a three-regime interference classifier, we propose a novel distributed inter-cell power allocation algorithm where each cell computes by an iterative process its minimum power budget to meet its local quality of service (QoS) constraints. Analytical results show how our proposal permits to notably reduce both transmission power and harmful effects of in-band interference, while meeting QoS constraints of users in each cell.
Amphiphilic poly(acrylonitrile)-co-poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate conetwork-based anion exchange membrane for water desalination (2014)

We report the preparation of a novel cross-linked anion exchange membrane (AEM) from poly(acrylonitrile)-co-poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PAN-co-PDMA) copolymer by quaternizing the DMA moieties followed by cross-linking of –CN groups. This process avoids the use of the carcinogenic reagent, chloromethyl ether (CME) which is widely employed for the chloromethylation reaction in the preparation of AEMs. Key parameters were evaluated via electrodialysis (ED) during water purification and revealed that a copolymer containing 28 wt% PDMA possesses all the required properties of a high performance AEM, such as, reasonable water uptake (21%), good ion-exchange capacity (IEC = 1.30 m eq g−1), high ionic conductivity (Km = 2.22 mS cm−1), a high transport number (t− = 0.88) and good mechanical properties (9.2 MPa of tensile stress at break and 2.4 Kg cm−2 of burst strength in the water wet state). The AEM was directly tested in an ED unit in the recirculation mode by varying the concentration of the NaCl feed and the applied potential, showing a current efficiency as high as 80%. Such combination of physical and electrochemical properties of the membrane is attributed to its co-continuous morphology and its low degree of phase separation as confirmed by swelling, differential scanning calorimetry, the homogeneous distribution of oppositely charged dye and by the transparency of the membrane in both the dry and swelled states.
A novel software and conceptual design of the hardware platform for intensity modulated radiation therapy (2016)

The DAO and dose domain optimization approach enabled high quality IMRT plans using a low-complexity collimator setup. The dosimetric quality is comparable or slightly superior to conventional MLC-based IMRT plans using the same number of delivery segments. The SOC IMRT delivery efficiency can be significantly improved by increasing the leaf numbers, but the number is still significantly lower than the number of leaves in a typical MLC.
Incremental rate monotonic scheduling for improved control system performance (2002)

The paper presents an algorithm and its run-time performance for scheduling periodic incremental and design-to-time processes. The algorithm is based on the slack stealer which dynamically answers the question "how much execution time is available prior to a deadline" when all periodic processes are scheduled using rate monotonic scheduling. An incremental process asks how much execution time is available after the baseline component has completed and prior to the execution of a process increment. A design-to-time process asks how much execution time is available before the process begins execution and selects a version which gives the greatest precision in the available time. For both incremental and design-to-time processes, a minimum amount of time is statically reserved so that an acceptable but suboptimal solution will always be calculated. The author identifies and proposes a solution for the practical problem of supporting criticalities when scheduling slack and analyze the run-time overheads of this algorithm. The analysis is applied to two real-world data sets. In certain cases, the execution time of this algorithm is found to be efficient.
Fast wavelength locking of a microring resonator (2014)

We experimentally investigate the latency for wavelength locking and thermally stabilizing a microring resonator to its operating wavelength, showing that the integrated-heater bandwidth is the limiting factor.
Modeling the Impact of Workload on Cloud Resource Scaling (2014)

Cloud computing offers the flexibility to dynamically size the infrastructure in response to changes in workload demand. While both horizontal and vertical scaling of infrastructure is supported by major cloud providers, these scaling options differ significantly in terms of their cost, provisioning time, and their impact on workload performance. Importantly, the efficacy of horizontal and vertical scaling critically depends on the workload characteristics, such as the workload's parallelizability and its core scalability. In today's cloud systems, the scaling decision is left to the users, requiring them to fully understand the tradeoffs associated with the different scaling options. In this paper, we present our solution for optimizing the resource scaling of cloud deployments via implementation in OpenStack. The key component of our solution is the modelling engine that characterizes the workload and then quantitatively evaluates different scaling options for that workload. Our modelling engine leverages Amdahl's Law to model service time scaling in scaleup environments and queueing-theoretic concepts to model performance scaling in scale-out environments. We further employ Kalman filtering to account for inaccuracies in the model-based methodology, and to dynamically track changes in the workload and cloud environment.
Towards Development of Small Molecule Lipid II Inhibitors as Novel Antibiotics (2016)

Recently we described a novel di-benzene-pyrylium-indolene (BAS00127538) inhibitor of Lipid II. BAS00127538 (1-Methyl-2,4-diphenyl-6-((1E,3E)-3-(1,3,3-trimethylindolin-2-ylidene)prop-1-en-1-yl)pyryl-1-ium) tetrafluoroborate is the first small molecule Lipid II inhibitor and is structurally distinct from natural agents that bind Lipid II, such as vancomycin. Here, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 50 new analogs of BAS00127538 designed to explore the structure-activity relationships of the scaffold. The results of this study indicate an activity map of the scaffold, identifying regions that are critical to cytotoxicity, Lipid II binding and range of anti-bacterial action. One compound, 6jc48-1, showed significantly enhanced drug-like properties compared to BAS00127538. 6jc48-1 has reduced cytotoxicity, while retaining specific Lipid II binding and activity against Enterococcus spp. in vitro and in vivo. Further, this compound showed a markedly improved pharmacokinetic profile with a half-life of over 13 hours upon intravenous and oral administration and was stable in plasma. These results suggest that scaffolds like that of 6jc48-1 can be developed into small molecule antibiotic drugs that target Lipid II.
A novel process for methanol synthesis. Final report (1994)

The use of methanol (MeOH) as a fuel additive and in MTBE production has renewed interest in the search for improved MeOH processes. Commercial processes are characterized by high pressures and temperatures with low per pass conversion (10--12%). Efforts are underway to find improved MeOH synthesis processes. A slurry phase ``concurrent`` synthesis of MeOH/methyl formate (MeF) which operates under relatively mild conditions (100{degrees}C lower than present commercial processes) was the subject of investigation in this work. Evidence for a reaction scheme involving the carbonylation of MeOH to MeF followed by the hydrogenolysis of MeF to two molecules of MeOH -- the net result being the reaction of H{sub 2} with CO to give MeOH via MeF, is presented. Up to 90% per pass conversion and 98% selectivity to methanol at rates comparable to commercial processes have been obtained in spite of the presence of as much as 10,000 ppM CO{sub 2} and 3000 ppM H{sub 2}O in the gas and liquid respectively. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, H{sub 2}/CO ratio in the reactor, flow rate and catalyst loading were also investigated. The use of temperatures above 170{degrees}C at a pressure of 50 atm results in MeF being the limiting reactant. Small amounts of CH{sub 4} are also formed. Significant MeOH synthesis rates at a pressure in the range of 40--50 atm makes possible the elimination of an upstream shift reactor and the use of an air-blown syngas generator. The nature of the catalysts was studied and correlated with the behavior of the various species in the concurrent synthesis.