gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ecdysis-Triggering Hormone Release by Eclosion Hormone (1997)

Ecdysis behavior in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is triggered through reciprocal peptide signaling between the central nervous system and the epitracheal endocrine system. Recent evidence indicates that eclosion hormone may initiate endocrine events leading to ecdysis through its action on epitracheal glands to cause the release of ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH). Here, we report that direct exposure of epitracheal glands to eclosion hormone in vitro leads to secretion of ETH. The threshold concentration of eclosion hormone needed to evoke release of ETH is approximately 3 pmol l-1. Eclosion hormone also induces elevation of cyclic GMP, but not cAMP, concentration in epitracheal glands at concentrations similar to those causing release of ETH. Both cGMP and 8-Br-cGMP mimic the secretory action of eclosion hormone. The sensitivity of the secretory response to eclosion hormone occurs during a narrow window of development, beginning approximately 8 h prior to pupal ecdysis. However, eclosion hormone can cause elevation of cGMP levels in epitracheal glands long before they acquire competence to release ETH, showing that the initial portion of the signal transduction cascade is in place early in development, but that the absence of a downstream step in the cascade prevents secretion. Measurements of cGMP levels in epitracheal glands during the ecdysis sequence show a sudden elevation some 30 min after the onset of pre-ecdysis, well after ETH secretion has been initiated. ETH secretion can therefore be viewed as a two-step process, beginning at pre-ecdysis when cGMP levels are relatively low, followed by a massive release resulting from a logarithmic elevation of cGMP levels.
Construction of Reference Data for Tissue Characterization of Arterial Wall Based on Elasticity Images (2005)

Previously, we developed the phased tracking method [H. Kanai et al. : IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 43 (1996) 791] for measuring the minute change in thickness during one heartbeat and the elasticity of the arterial wall. By comparing pathological images with elasticity images measured with ultrasound, elasticity distributions for respective tissues in the arterial wall were determined. We have already measured the elasticity distributions for lipids and fibrous tissues (mixtures of smooth-muscle and collagen fiber) [H. Kanai et al. : Circulation 107 (2003) 3018]. In this study, elasticity distributions were measured for blood clots and calcified tissues. We discuss whether these elasticity distributions, which were measuerd in vitro , can be used as reference data for classifying cross-sectional elasticity images measured in vivo into respective tissues. In addition to the measurement of elasticity distributions, correlations between collagen content and elasticity were investigated with respect to fibrous tissue to estimate the collagen and smooth-muscle content based on elasticity. Collagen and smooth-muscle content may be important factors in determining the stability of the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, correlations between elasticity and elements of the tissue in the arterial wall may provide useful information for the noninvasive diagnosis of plaque vulnerability.
Recent Developments in Thin-Film Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries (1999)

This report on recent developments in thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries displays experimental data related to high-rate deposition and annealing, metal foil substrates, tin and zinc nitride anodes, lithium plating (``lithium-free'' lithium cells), manufacturing and applications. Challenges and future work include improving the yield of batteries on metal foils by electrical isolation of anode current collector from substrate, and lowering manufacturing costs by increasing deposition and processing rates of electrolyte and cathode films.
MODTRAN5: a reformulated atmospheric band model with auxiliary species and practical multiple scattering options (2004)

The MODTRAN5(TM) (1a, in press) radiation transport (RT) model is a major advancement over earlier versions of the MODTRAN(TM) atmospheric transmittance and radiance model. New model features include (1) finer spectral resolution via the Spectrally Enhanced Resolution MODTRAN(TM) (SERTRAN) molecular band model, (2) a fully coupled treatment of auxiliary molecular species, and (3) a rapid, high fidelity multiple scattering (MS) option. The finer spectral resolution improves model accuracy especially in the mid- and long-wave infrared atmospheric windows; the auxiliary species option permits the addition of any or all of the suite of HITRAN molecular line species, along with default and user-defined profile specification; and the MS option makes feasible the calculation of Vis-NIR databases that include high-fidelity scattered radiances.
Estimation of internal skin temperatures in response to cryogen spray cooling: implications for laser therapy of port wine stains (1999)

In many port wine stain (PWS) patients, successful clearing is not achieved even after multiple laser treatments because of inadequate heat generation within the targeted blood vessels. Use of higher radiant exposures has been suggested to improve lesion clearing, but risk of epidermal injury due to nonspecific absorption by melanin increases. It has been demonstrated that cryogen spray cooling (CSC) can protect the epidermis from nonspecific thermal injury during laser treatment of PWS. Inasmuch as epidermal melanin concentration and blood vessel depth vary among patients, evaluation of internal skin temperatures in response to CSC is essential for further development and optimization of treatment parameters on an individual patient basis. We present internal temperature measurements in an epoxy resin phantom in response to CSC and use the results in conjunction with a mathematical model to predict the temperature distribution within human skin for various cooling parameters. Measurements on the epoxy resin phantom show that cryogen film temperature is well below the cryogen boiling point, but a poor thermal contact exists at the cryogen-phantom interface. Based on phantom measurements and model predictions, internal skin temperature reduction remains confined to the upper 400 /spl mu/m for spurt durations as long as 200 ms. At the end of a 100 ms spurt, our results show a 31/spl deg/C temperature reduction at the surface, 12/spl deg/C at a depth of 100 /spl mu/m, and 4/spl deg/C at a depth of 200 /spl mu/m in human skin. Analysis of estimated temperature distributions in response to CSC and temperature profiles obtained by pulsed photothermal radiometry indicates that a significant protective effect is achieved at the surface of laser irradiated PWS skin. Protection of the epidermal basal layer, however, poses a greater challenge when high radiant exposures are used.
A Positive Pressure Universal Gripper Based on the Jamming of Granular Material (2012)

We describe a simple passive universal gripper, consisting of a mass of granular material encased in an elastic membrane. Using a combination of positive and negative pressure, the gripper can rapidly grip and release a wide range of objects that are typically challenging for universal grippers, such as flat objects, soft objects, or objects with complex geometries. The gripper passively conforms to the shape of a target object, then vacuum-hardens to grip it rigidly, later utilizing positive pressure to reverse this transition-releasing the object and returning to a deformable state. We describe the mechanical design and implementation of this gripper and quantify its performance in real-world testing situations. By using both positive and negative pressure, we demonstrate performance increases of up to 85% in reliability, 25% in error tolerance, and the added capability to shoot objects by fast ejection. In addition, multiple objects are gripped and placed at once while maintaining their relative distance and orientation. We conclude by comparing the performance of the proposed gripper with others in the field.
Development of Iron-based Superconducting Bulk Magnet (2017)

This article reviews the recent development of bulk trapped field magnet made with iron-based superconductor (IBSC). A trapped field of over 1 T at 5 K and 0.5 T at 20 K has been measured between a stack of magnetized cylinders of bulk polycrystalline Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconductors 10 mm in diameter. Magneto-optical imaging revealed a trapped field distribution corresponding to uniform macroscopic current loops circulating through the sample. A standard numerical modelling technique using the measured Jc(B, T) characteristics of a small specimen reproduced the experimentally measured trapped fields well, again indicating the homogeneous current loops in the polycrystalline bulk. Given the untextured polycrystalline nature of the cylinders and their large irreversibility field, it is expected that larger IBSC bulks could trap much higher field.
A three-dimensional-weighted cone beam filtered backprojection (CB-FBP) algorithm for image reconstruction in volumetric CT—helical scanning (2006)

Based on the structure of the original helical FDK algorithm, a three-dimensional (3D)-weighted cone beam filtered backprojection (CB-FBP) algorithm is proposed for image reconstruction in volumetric CT under helical source trajectory. In addition to its dependence on view and fan angles, the 3D weighting utilizes the cone angle dependency of a ray to improve reconstruction accuracy. The 3D weighting is ray-dependent and the underlying mechanism is to give a favourable weight to the ray with the smaller cone angle out of a pair of conjugate rays but an unfavourable weight to the ray with the larger cone angle out of the conjugate ray pair. The proposed 3D-weighted helical CB-FBP reconstruction algorithm is implemented in the cone-parallel geometry that can improve noise uniformity and image generation speed significantly. Under the cone-parallel geometry, the filtering is naturally carried out along the tangential direction of the helical source trajectory. By exploring the 3D weighting's dependence on cone angle, the proposed helical 3D-weighted CB-FBP reconstruction algorithm can provide significantly improved reconstruction accuracy at moderate cone angle and high helical pitches. The 3D-weighted CB-FBP algorithm is experimentally evaluated by computer-simulated phantoms and phantoms scanned by a diagnostic volumetric CT system with a detector dimension of 64 x 0.625 mm over various helical pitches. The computer simulation study shows that the 3D weighting enables the proposed algorithm to reach reconstruction accuracy comparable to that of exact CB reconstruction algorithms, such as the Katsevich algorithm, under a moderate cone angle (4 degrees) and various helical pitches. Meanwhile, the experimental evaluation using the phantoms scanned by a volumetric CT system shows that the spatial resolution along the z-direction and noise characteristics of the proposed 3D-weighted helical CB-FBP reconstruction algorithm are maintained very well in comparison to the FDK-type algorithms. Moreover, the experimental evaluation by clinical data verifies that the proposed 3D-weighted CB-FBP algorithm for image reconstruction in volumetric CT under helical source trajectory meets the challenges posed by diagnostic applications of volumetric CT imaging.
Hiding of User Presence for Privacy Preserving Data Mining (2012)

Recently, it has been expected to realize privacy preserving data mining in order to acquire valuable knowledge from the combined information sources of several service providers. Therefore researches have been conducted on a distributed anonymization method, which combines the personal information and anonymize it to prevent identifying specific user records. However, in those researches, when sets of the users in the providers are not the same, there is a problem that users' presence in either provider may be revealed. Thus, this paper proposes a new indicator which represents the probability of the presence of users being revealed and introduces a modified distributed anonymization method to satisfy the proposed indicator. Also, we use U.S. census data for evaluation and calculate the relative error of its anonymized data. The results show that it is almost 10-25% in specific cases.
Antibodies to HTLV-III in Swiss Patients with AIDS and Pre-AIDS and in Groups at Risk for AIDS (1985)

We tested serum samples from Swiss subjects by three different assays based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot techniques for antibodies to proteins associated with the recently discovered human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus HTLV-III, the putative etiologic agent for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Of 10 patients with AIDS and 10 with pre-AIDS, all were antibody-positive. Furthermore, 37 of 103 intravenous-drug addicts (36 per cent), 4 of 40 healthy homosexual men (10 per cent), 7 of 83 patients with various types of hepatitis (8.4 per cent), but none of 83 healthy blood donors or 10 other controls were antibody-positive. Antibodies to the major viral protein p24 were found consistently and at high titers in the seropositive members of the groups at risk and in those with pre-AIDS but were dramatically reduced in patients with AIDS. In contrast, antibodies to another virus-associated protein, p41, were present in all cases of AIDS and pre-AIDS but were absent in nearly 10 per cent of seropositive persons at risk. Whereas p41 and p24 thus appear to be the targets of choice for future screening tests, the ELISA test that is currently available is a useful screening tool.
New proteomic approaches for biomarker discovery: The search for novel liver fibrosis markers in hepatitis C patients (2014)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is often used to separate plasma or serum proteins in an attempt to identify novel disease biomarkers. A major problem with this approach is the presence of high abundant plasma/serum proteins which limit the detection of low abundance features. We used two proteomic approaches to identify new fibrosis biomarkers in patients with different stages of liver fibrosis. Plasma samples from healthy individuals and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced cirrhosis were analysed using 2-DE over a narrow pH 3-5.6 range, arrange outside the pH of highly abundant albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins. Several novel markers were identified by this approach and were validated across all fibrosis stages by Western blotting. This is the first time the pH 3-5.6 range has been used to separate plasma by 2-DE and was found to be beneficial for biomarker discovery. In addition, we used in-solution isoelectric focusing followed by SDS-PAGE to find biomarkers in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis. This approach was found to be beneficial for identifying basic, high molecular weight protein biomarkers. These approaches have successfully helped to identify novel biomarkers for hepatic fibrosis and these approaches are also useful for discovering novel biomarkers in other diseases.
New zero-voltage-switching half-bridge DC-DC converter and PWM control method (2004)

This paper presents a new half-bridge isolated dc-dc converter topology associated with a new PWM control method to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of all switches. Switching losses and losses related to transformer leakage inductance are significantly reduced, which provides converter with the potential to operate at higher efficiency and higher frequency. The principle of operation and features of proposed topology are illustrated and experimentally verified.
Research on Maximizing Power Transfer Efficiency of Wireless In-wheel Motor by Primary and Load-Side Voltage Control (2016)

The authors have developed a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for an in-wheel motor (IWM). It is called a wireless in-wheel motor (W-IWM). This paper presents a method that enhances the WPT efficiency in this system. Some methods that maximize the power transfer efficiency by power converter control have been proposed in past WPT research. In this research, a DC-DC converter is inserted on the receiver side to vary the load state. However, the space on the receiver side is very small for the W-IWM; therefore it is preferable to make the secondary circuit small. Therefore, a full bridge converter is used instead of a DC-DC converter in the W-IWM. In this paper, the authors propose a theoretical formula ofor the transfer efficiency of the W-IWM. From an analysis of this formula, there is a combination of a primary voltage and load voltage that maximizes the efficiency. The feasibility is validated by an experiment using a motor bench set.
Continuous Polycrystalline Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐90 Membranes on Polymeric Hollow Fibers (2012)

Headed for a membrane: Continuous, polycrystalline ZIF-90 membranes (picture, left) can be grown at 65 °C from methanolic precursor solutions on nanocrystal-seeded surfaces of poly(amide-imide) macroporous hollow fibers (right). The ZIF-90 membranes exhibit good separation properties for linear over cyclic hydrocarbons, as well as gas permeation selectivities higher than Knudsen values.
An effective defense against first party attacks in public-key algorithms (2003)

This paper describes a method for assuring that user generated public and private key pairs are cryptographically strong. This assurance is achieved by limiting the number of attempts a user can make while generating the keys. Since it takes many billions of attempts to generate so-called "weak" keys, with any significant probability of success, our method precludes users from cheating. The described method has a potential positive impact on several evolving cryptographic standards, where the strength of the keys used with public key cryptography are a matter of major concern. It has no negative impact on key generation performance. The method is simple and straightforward, and it can be easily performed with just a few computational steps.
A new optical component: Nonreciprocal three-way divider based on magneto-optical resonator (2013)

We suggest and analyze a new compact nonreciprocal optical component based on a magneto-optical resonator. This component fulfills simultaneously two functions, namely, equal division of the input signal between three output ports and isolation of the input port from output ones. Using group theory, we analyze the scattering matrix of this symmetrical component. Our numerical results for one of the possible schemes of the divider based on 2D photonic crystal with magneto-optical material demonstrate that at the central frequency, the division of the signal between the three output ports is about -5.4 dB. The variation of the division levels in the output ports in this band is (-5.4 ± 0.4) dB. For the level -20 dB of the isolation, the calculated bandwidth is around 190 GHz at the wavelength 1.55 μm.
Checking architectural outputs instruction-by-instruction on acceleration platforms (2012)

Simulation-based verification is an integral part of a modern microprocessor's design effort. Commonly, several checking techniques are deployed alongside the simulator to detect and localize each functional bug manifestation. Among these, a widespread technique entails comparing a microprocessor design's outputs with a golden model at the architectural granularity, instruction-by-instruction. However, due to exponential growth in design complexity, the performance of software-based simulation falls far short of achieving an acceptable level of coverage, which typically requires billions of simulation cycles. Hence, verification engineers rely on simulation acceleration platforms. Unfortunately, the intrinsic characteristics of these platforms make the adoption of the checking solutions mentioned above a challenging goal: for instance, the lockstep execution of a software checker together with the design's simulation is no longer feasible.
Influence of trace amount· of germania on the lose performance of silica core fibers (1987)

The effect of doping trace amounts of germania Into the core of silica core fibers was investigated by fabricating a set of preforms by MCVD with varying amounts of core dopant along the length of each, then comparing the loss performance achieved by the corresponding fibers. Pure silica core fibers sometimes exhibit anomalously high broad-background losses, as seen in Fig. 1. Such losses are eliminated by the addition of 0.04-mol % germania to the core, permitting the achievement of minimum losses as low as 0.16 dB/km at 1.57 μm,1,2 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The same effect is observed when the core is doped with trace amounts of phosphorus pentoxide instead of germania. Although the mechanism affecting minimum attainable loss in silica core fibers Is not yet understood, it appears that anomalously high losses are only observed in silica core fibers exposed to processing temperatures as high as 2300°C during manufacture, while those made using lower temperatures usually do not exhibit such losses.3 It Is speculated that the germania dopant required during MCVD reduces either scattering or absorption losses by eliminating the defects found In pure silica, perhaps preventing formation of an oxygen vacancy.
Simple synthesis of three primary colour nanoparticle inks of Prussian blue and its analogues (2007)

Historic Prussian blue (PB) pigment is easily obtained as an insoluble precipitate in quantitative yield from an aqueous mixture of Fe3+ and [FeII(CN)6]4− (Fe2+ and [FeIII(CN)6]3−). It has been found that the PB pigment is inherently an agglomerate of 10–20 nm nanoparticles, based on powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) line broadenings and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The PB pigment has been revived as both organic-solvent-soluble and water-soluble nanoparticle inks. Through crystal surface modification with aliphatic amines, the nanoparticles are stably dispersed from the insoluble agglomerate into usual organic solvents to afford a transparent blue solution. Identical modification with [Fe(CN)6]4− yields water-soluble PB nanoparticles. A similar ink preparation is applicable to Ni-PBA and Co-PBA (nickel and cobalt hexacyanoferrates). The PB (blue), Ni-PBA (yellow), and Co-PBA (red) nanoparticles function as three primary colour inks.
In Vitro Model of a Fibrosa Layer of a Heart Valve (2015)

The fibrosa layer of a cardiac aortic valve is composed mostly of a dense network of type I collagen fibers oriented in circumferential direction. This main layer bears the tensile load and responds to the high stress on a leaflet. The inner fibrosa layer is also the site of pathophysiologic changes that result in valvular dysfunction, including stenosis and regurgitation. In vitro studies of these changes are limited by the absence of a substrate that mimics the circumferentially oriented structure of the fibrosa layer. In heart valve tissue engineering, generation of this layer is challenging. This study aimed to develop an artificial fibrosa layer of a native aortic leaflet. A unique morphologically biomimicked, pliable, but standalone substrate with circumferentially oriented nanofibers was fabricated by electrospinning on a novel collector designed for this study. The substrate had low-bulk tensile stiffness and ultimate strength; thus, cultured valvular interstitial cells (VICs) showed a fibroblast phenotype that is generally observed in a healthy aortic leaflet. Furthermore, gene and protein expression and morphology of VICs in substrates were close to those in the fibrosa layer of a native aortic leaflet. This artificial fibrosa layer can be useful for in vitro studies of valvular dysfunctions.