gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collaborative 3D Visualizations of Geo-Spatial Information for Command and Control (2004)

This thesis investigates new ways of using information visualization to support collaboration in co-located work. To study this phenomenon, Multiple Viewer Display Environments (MVDEs) with independent views have been applied to present information such that all viewers at the same time and in the same display can see correct views of 3D models, see correctly oriented text and see different parts and aspects of information in each view. Several prototypes have been developed either as proof of new conceptual designs or to evaluate particular research questions. These prototypes have been used to investigate general properties that apply to co-located collaborative visualizations. A prototype system to keep track of the viewpoints and information in the independent views was implemented on MVDE hardware to support discussions on future command and control environments and to provide the necessary framework for conducting empirical studies (Paper II). Another prototype, the in situ tomographic display, was developed to support presentation of spatial 3D data (e.g., temperature or airflow) in 2D views in situ with working environments (Paper III). In addition to the visualization systems, a technique for high precision pen-based interaction in rear-projection display environments - the PixelActiveSurface – was developed (Papers IV and V). The empirical studies evaluate how new forms of visualization in MVDEs with independent views affect the way information is perceived and can be shared in collaboration. The conclusion is that multiple independent views can provide more effective and efficient visualization when the following conditions are met: text is oriented towards the viewer (Paper VI), different aspects of information are coordinated between different views of the same display (Paper VIII) and correct views of 3D models are used to compare ordinal information and relations in spatial data (Paper VII). However, for the techniques to support co-located work efficiently, it is necessary that the type of work and the task to be solved are first properly analyzed and understood (Papers VII and IX).
CATALYTIC THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF POLYETHYLENE BY PYROLYSIS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (2011)

An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of polyethylene in an inert atmosphere has been carried out in the temperature range 300-800C using Shimadzu PYR-2A pyrolyzer for heating the sample. The method allows the accurate control and measurement of the pyrolysis temperature. The production of hydrocarbons and the corresponding monomers of these polymeric systems were monitored. The effects of variation of temperature, sample size, pyrolysis atmosphere, residence time and catalyst on the distribution of these products were studied. As the carrier gas rapidly swept the primary products from the hot zone into the chromatographic column, so the secondary decomposition is largely eliminated and the pyrolysis products give accurate information about the nature, composition and structure of the pyrolysis material.
Enhancing PIO Element Detection in Medical Text Using Contextualized Embedding (2019)

In this paper, we investigate a new approach to Population, Intervention and Outcome (PIO) element detection, a common task in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). The purpose of this study is two-fold: to build a training dataset for PIO element detection with minimum redundancy and ambiguity and to investigate possible options in utilizing state of the art embedding methods for the task of PIO element detection. For the former purpose, we build a new and improved dataset by investigating the shortcomings of previously released datasets. For the latter purpose, we leverage the state of the art text embedding, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and build a multi-label classifier. We show that choosing a domain specific pre-trained embedding further optimizes the performance of the classifier. Furthermore, we show that the model could be enhanced by using ensemble methods and boosting techniques provided that features are adequately chosen.
Compatibility Tests of Low-Vapor Pressure Perfluoropolyether Oils with UF<sub>6</sub> (1984)

An extensive study has been carried out to evaluate possible use of the perfluoropolyether fluids, obtained from hexafluoropropylene photo-oxidation and specially purified and selected, as lubricants or vacuum-working fluids, in the presence of UF6.Some physicochemical properties are reported and the results of the tests experienced on perfluoropolyether cuts put into contact with UF6 at different conditions for a long aging time at high temperature in the presence of some typical engineering materials. The results allowed a verification of the long-term compatibility of the perfluoropolyether special fractions against UF6 at temperatures up to 130°C.
Effects of mushroom‐derived β‐glucan‐rich polysaccharide extracts on nitric oxide production by bone marrow‐derived macrophages and nuclear factor‐κB transactivation in Caco‐2 reporter cells: Can effects be explained by structure? (2009)

Mushrooms are known for their immune-modulating and anti-tumour properties. The polysaccharide fraction, mainly beta-glucans, is responsible for the immune-modulating effects. Fungal beta-glucans have been shown to activate leukocytes, which depend on structural characteristics of beta-glucans. As edible mushrooms come in contact with the intestinal immune system, effects on enterocytes are also interesting. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of mushroom polysaccharide extracts varying in beta-glucan structure on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from mice and on nuclear factor-kappaB transactivation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that extracts from Agaricus bisporus stimulated nitric oxide production by BMM, whereas extracts from Coprinus comatus and spores of Ganoderma lucidum had only minor effects. Furthermore, extracts of A. blazei Murill and Phellinus linteus had no effect at all. Almost all mushroom extracts lowered nuclear factor-kappaB transactivation in Caco-2 cells. Structural analysis of A. bisporus compared with A. blazei Murill suggests that branching of the beta-glucan chain is essential for immune-stimulating activity. In conclusion, extracts from A. bisporus activate BMM, without activating enterocytes. These characteristics make A. bisporus an attractive candidate as a nutritional compound to stimulate the immune response in depressed states of immunity.
Establishment of a Porcine Cell Line from In Vitro-Produced Blastocysts and Transfer of the Cells into Enucleated Oocytes1 (2000)

The present study was conducted to establish a porcine cell line from blastocysts produced in vitro and to examine the developmental ability of nuclear transfer embryos reconstituted with the cells and enucleated mature oocytes. When hatched blastocysts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with supplements, no colonies of embryo-derived cells were observed. In contrast, 56% of embryos that were attached to feeder layers of STO cells formed colonies in NCSU-23 with supplements. When the colonies were subcultured in the absence of feeder cells, a cell line with an epithelial-like cell morphology was obtained. This cell morphology was stable up to at least passage 30. Although no fused embryos were observed when a pulse of 100 V/mm was applied, the fusion rate increased significantly at 150 V/mm (28%) and 200 V/mm (64%). At 200 V/mm, 39% of fused embryos cleaved, but no embryos developed beyond the 3-cell stage. When cocultured with electro-activated oocytes, percentages of reconstructed embryos cleaved (65%) and developed to the 4-cell stage (23%) were significantly higher than percentages for those (cleavage: 38%; 4-cell stage: 3%) in the absence of activated oocytes. At 7 days after culture, one reconstructed embryo successfully developed to the blastocyst stage in the presence of activated oocytes. When green fluorescent protein-expressing cells and enucleated oocytes were fused and the fused embryos were cultured with electro-activated oocytes, 3 of 102 reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. All of the blastocysts were positive for fluorescent green under ultraviolet light. The results of the present study indicate that a porcine cell line can be established from the hatched blastocyst and maintained in vitro for a long period, and that reconstructed embryos obtained by transferring the blastocyst-derived cells into enucleated oocytes have the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro.
Oral bioavailability of ospemifene improves with food intake (2013)

wood markedly enhanced the extent and predictability of ospemifene absorption. The increase in bioavailability was not linearly related with the fat content of the meal. In vitro dissolution results were consistent with these clinical observations. Administration with food enhances and standardizes the oral bioavailability of ospemifene. Thus, it is recommended that ospemifene tablets should be taken with food.
Nanoporous hematite structures to overcome short diffusion lengths in water splitting (2014)

In this report, we show that by creating a nanoporous haematite (α-Fe2O3) structure using boric acid (H3BO3) treatment, the chronic issue of the short diffusion length of carriers in α-Fe2O3 for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications can be successfully addressed. The slow release of Fe3+ ions because of the presence of H3BO3 leads to the creation of smaller dimension FeOOH nanorods, creating nanoporous α-Fe2O3 nanorods, composed of ∼15 nm α-Fe2O3 domains. The nanoporous α-Fe2O3 suppresses recombination by providing the facile extraction of holes from the surface of favorably sized α-Fe2O3 domains. The optimized nanoporous sample showed a photocurrent density of 1.41 mA cm−2 at a reversible hydrogen electrode of 1.23 V, which is 1.7 times higher than that of pristine hematite. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and incident photon-to-current efficiency data, and Mott–Schottky plots confirmed the superior performance of the nanoporous samples. Our impressive results may pave the way for designing devices for advanced energy conversion applications as well as fabricating a high efficiency hematite-based PEC system.
A network version of the Pump (2002)

A designer of reliable MLS networks must consider covert channels and denial of service attacks in addition to traditional network performance measures such as throughput, fairness, and reliability. We show how to extend the NRL data Pump to a certain MLS network architecture in order to balance the requirements of congestion control, fairness, good performance, and reliability against those of minimal threats from covert channels and denial of service attacks. We back up our claims with simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The neurotrophic hypothesis: where does it stand? (1996)

In the developing peripheral nervous system many neurons die shortly after their axons reach their target fields. This loss is thought to match the number of neurons to the size and requirements of their target fields because altering target field size before innervation affects the number of neurons that survive. The neurotrophic hypothesis provides an explanation for how target fields influence the size of the neuronal populations that innervate them. This hypothesis arose from work on nerve growth factor (NGF), the founder member of the neurotrophin family of secreted proteins. Its principal tenet is that the survival of developing neurons depends on the supply of a neurotrophic factor that is synthesized in limiting amounts in their target fields. The neurotrophic hypothesis has, however, been broadened by the demonstration that multiple neurotrophic factors regulate the survival of certain populations of neurons. For example, some neurons depend on several different neurotrophic factors which may act concurrently or sequentially during target field innervation. In addition, there are aspects of neurotrophin action that do not conform with the classic neurotrophic hypothesis. For example, the dependence of some populations of sensory neurons on particular neurotrophins before significant neuronal death takes place raises the possibility that the supply of these neurotrophins is not limiting for survival at this stage of development. There is also evidence that at stages before and after sensory neurons depend on target-derived neurotrophins for survival, neurotrophins act on at least some sensory neurons by an autocrine route. Yet despite the growing wealth of information on the multiple roles and modes of action of neurotrophic factors, the neurotrophic hypothesis has remained the best explanation for how neuronal target fields in the developing peripheral nervous system regulate their innervation density.
Bearings-only tracking using a set of range-parameterised extended Kalman filters (1995)

Bearings-only tracking using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) configured in Cartesian and modified polar coordinate systems is reviewed. A new tracking approach is proposed which consists of a set of weighted EKFs each with a different initial range estimate and this is referred to as the range-parameterised (RP) tracker. This new approach overcomes the problems exhibited with existing EKF trackers when the bearing rate is very high or near zero. In addition, it allows a more natural implementation for the prior knowledge of-the target velocity, which can allow the range to be inferred even before the first observer manoeuvre. Results are presented for a typical tracking scenario, involving a manoeuvring observer and a constant velocity target. The results show that the RP tracker gives stable, consistent and unbiased estimates in all the cases considered, whereas the same is not true for the Cartesian and modified polar EKF trackers. Although only constant velocity target trajectories have been considered in this paper, the RP tracker provides a natural framework for consideration of manoeuvring targets. The extension to include manoeuvring targets is currently under investigation.
Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification (2019)

Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
Combinatorial libraries of semiconductor gas sensors as inorganic electronic noses (2003)

We have fabricated thin-film combinatorial gas sensor libraries based on doped semiconducting SnO2 thin films. Combinatorial pulsed-laser ablation was used to deposit compositionally varying arrays of sensor elements onto a prepatterned device electrode configuration. Using multiplexing electronics, we have demonstrated the detection of chloroform, formaldehyde, and benzene gases at concentrations down to 12.5 ppm through pattern recognition of signals from the arrays of sensors. This technique of fabricating gas sensor arrays as combinatorial libraries can be applied to the manufacturing of portable electronic noses.
The media and the economy: should we blame the messenger? (1994)

Every day millions of Americans turn to the media for information about current events, including the state of the economy. They want to know if the economy is growing or if it is in a recession. Journalists are providing answers, but are their answers correct?
Prioritizing your incoming messages. (2005)

The author describes how to maximize your efficiency by organizing your incoming and outgoing messages and other patient-related information.
Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract attenuates growth of human leukemia xenografts and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway (2006)

Coriolus versicolor (CV), also called Yunzhi, has been demonstrated to exert anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer cells. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a standardized aqueous ethanol extract prepared from CV inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia cells via induction of apoptosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis through modulation of Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c protein expressions in a human pro-myelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line, as well as the potential of the CV extract as anti-leukemia agent using the athymic mouse xenograft model. Our results demonstrated that the CV extract dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of HL-60 cells (IC50 = 150.6 microg/ml), with increased nucleosome production from apoptotic cells. Expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was significantly up-regulated in HL-60 cells treated with the CV extract, especially after 16 and 24 h. Meanwhile, expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was concomitantly down-regulated, as reflected by the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The CV extract markedly, but transiently, promoted the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol after 24-h incubation. In vivo studies in the athymic nude mouse xenograft model also confirmed the growth-inhibitory activity of the CV extract on human leukemia cells. In conclusion, the CV extract attenuated the human leukemia cell proliferation in vivo, and in vitro possibly by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The CV extract is likely to be valuable for the treatment of some forms of human leukemia.
Low-threshold tunable CW and <i>Q</i> -switched fibre laser operating at 1.55 μm (1986)

A new single-mode fibre laser source is described. The laser is tunable over 25nm in the wavelength region of 1.55 µm and produces in excess of 2W peak power in a Q-switched mode.
A Hall sensor microsystem with integrated voltage and current references for continuous sensitivity calibration (2012)

This paper presents a Hall sensor microsystem with a current output and sensitivity calibration targeting low drift (<;50ppm/°C). The main system novelty is in a circuit-level solution using dedicated on-chip voltage and current references for a continuous measurement and calibration of the sensitivity. The system is fabricated in a 0.35μm CMOS technology, occupying an area of 11.55mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measurements of the calibrated system show 80ppm/°C on average and 30ppm/°C best-case sensitivity drift over a temperature range from -40°C to 85°C. Compared to the state of the art, the fully integrated system for sensitivity calibration adds no more than 18ppm/°C on average and 30ppm/°C in the worst case for the additional integration of one voltage and one current reference.
Twisted light transmission over 143 km (2016)

Spatial modes of light can potentially carry a vast amount of information, making them promising candidates for both classical and quantum communication. However, the distribution of such modes over large distances remains difficult. Intermodal coupling complicates their use with common fibers, whereas free-space transmission is thought to be strongly influenced by atmospheric turbulence. Here, we show the transmission of orbital angular momentum modes of light over a distance of 143 km between two Canary Islands, which is 50× greater than the maximum distance achieved previously. As a demonstration of the transmission quality, we use superpositions of these modes to encode a short message. At the receiver, an artificial neural network is used for distinguishing between the different twisted light superpositions. The algorithm is able to identify different mode superpositions with an accuracy of more than 80% up to the third mode order and decode the transmitted message with an error rate of 8.33%. Using our data, we estimate that the distribution of orbital angular momentum entanglement over more than 100 km of free space is feasible. Moreover, the quality of our free-space link can be further improved by the use of state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems.
Highly scalable bulk FinFET Devices with Multi-V<inf>T</inf> options by conductive metal gate stack tuning for the 10-nm node and beyond (2014)

A scalable multi-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> enabled RMG CMOS integration process with highly conformal ALD TiN/TiAl/TiN is described. The multi-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> is implemented by metal gate tuning using two different options. The first relies on bottom-barrier thickness control, the second on implantation of nitrogen into the work function metal. A shift in the effective work function (eWF) of ∼400 mV is realized by adjusting the TiN bottom barrier thickness underneath TiAl, while over 200 mV shifts are achieved by means of implantation of nitrogen into ALD TiN/TiAl/TiN. The gate-stack T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</inf> , J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> , D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</inf> and reliability as well as the device performance are shown to be unaffected by the multi V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> process.