gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Stem Cells Release Potentially Novel Hematopoietic Factors (1999)

We have observed that a severe decrease in the number of erythroid progenitor cells follows the long-term culture (LTC) of human primitive stem cells on an established mouse fibroblast feeder layer. This suggests that one, or several, factors necessary to support erythroid differentiation might be missing in these culture conditions. To improve the erythroid differentiation and stem cell output of LTCs, we have examined the hypothesis that the factors that regulate pluripotent stem cell proliferation and erythroid commitment can be found in media conditioned by embryonic stem (ES) cells. We have found that media conditioned by undifferentiated and differentiating ES cells can affect differentiation patterns in both short-term culture and LTC assays. Medium conditioned by undifferentiated ES cells increases the numbers of estimated LTC-initiating cells (est.LTC-IC) and potentiates granulocytic differentiation. In contrast, medium conditioned by ES cells undergoing differentiation increases the number of est.LTC-IC and is a powerful promoter of erythroid differentiation. In the presence of this medium, the number of erythroid progenitors generated after 5 weeks of LTC was increased up to 100-fold as compared with controls, and the number of est.LTC-IC was amplified up to 140-fold. These results offer a new approach for the identification of factors implicated in stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and commitment. In addition, the improved LTC conditions for the expansion of stem cells without reduction of their in vitro differentiation potential should be useful for a wide range of applications.
Bacteriophage Therapy for Control of Necrotic Enteritis of Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected with Clostridium perfringens (2010)

Several lytic bacteriophages effective at destroying a genetically diverse population of Clostridium perfringens were isolated from the environment, extensively characterized, and used to formulate a multivalent bacteriophage cocktail designated -401." Two in vivo studies were conducted to determine the cocktail's efficacy in controlling necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by C. perfringens. The first study investigated the efficacy of INT-401 and a bacteriophage-derived, toxoid-type vaccine in controlling NE in C. perfringens-challenged broiler chickens. The study was designed as a proof-of-concept battery cage study with birds reared until 28 days old. Compared with the mortality observed with the C. perfringens-challenged but untreated chickens, oral administration of INT-401 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the mortality of the C. perfringens-challenged birds by 92%. Overall, INT-401 was more effective than the toxoid vaccine in controlling active C. perfringens infection. The second study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the cocktail when administered via oral gavage, feed, or drinking water. The study was conducted in floor pens, with birds reared to 42 days old. INT-401 administered by all three methods significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mortality. Weight gain and feed conversion ratios were significantly better in the C, perfringens-challenged chickens treated with INT-401 than in the C. perfringens-challenged, phage-untreated control birds. The data indicate that delivering INT-401 to broiler chickens via their drinking water or feed may be an effective means for controlling NE caused by C. perfringens and may improve weight gain and feed conversion ratios in birds with clinical or subclinical NE.
New Protocol for Lentiviral Vector Mass Production (2009)

Multiplasmid transient transfection is the most widely used technique for the generation of lentiviral vectors. However, traditional transient transfection protocols using 293 T adherent cells and calcium phosphate/DNA co-precipitation followed by ultracentrifugation are tedious, time-consuming, and difficult to scale up. This chapter describes a streamlined protocol for the fast mass production of lentiviral vectors and their purification by affinity chromatography. Lentiviral particles are generated by transient transfection of suspension growing HEK 293 cells in serum-free medium using polyethylenimine (PEI) as transfection reagent. Lentiviral vector production is carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks agitated on orbital shakers requiring minimum supplementary laboratory equipment. Alternatively, the method can be easily scaled up to generate larger volumes of vector stocks in bioreactors. Heparin affinity chromatography allows for selective concentration and purification of lentiviral particles in a singlestep directly from vector supernatants. The method is suitable for the production and purification of different vector pseudotypes.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites- A Review (2008)

This paper provides an overview of recent advances reported in literature in ceramics matrix composites research in the context of reinforcement with carbon nanotubes. Current state of research has indicated the potential of these nanocomposites but at the same time, has illustrated the significant challenges in processing and improving properties. Fundamental work in processing, characterization and analysis is important before the structural properties of this new class of nanocomposites can be optimized. The fields of the nanocomposite materials have received a lot of attention and close scrutiny of scientists and engineers in recent years. This scrutiny results from the simple premise that using building blocks with dimensions in the nanometer range makes it possible to design and create new materials with unprecedented flexibility. The driving force behind the fabrication of novel nanocomposites is to achieve high functional properties for high end applications.
Another year, another volume (2012)

This issue represents the final one in volume 76 of Journal of Wildlife Management. As this one is pretty much in the books, one cannot help but wonder what the future holds for the journal. Lenny Brennan is putting together a piece for Wildlife Society Bulletin to examine how The Wildlife Society publications have changed through time. He solicited input from past and present Editor-In-Chiefs, including me. In my contribution, I contrasted topics of papers published in volume 31 of the journal (1967) with those published in volume 75 (2011). Over this span of nearly 35 years, papers transitioned from a primary focus on game species to focus on a broader array of species, most of which were nongame. Details on the analysis are in the Bulletin. Surely many factors—social, economic, political, scientific—underlie this shift in focus. I will not even try to explain here how this change happened, but invite somebody so inclined to develop a paper on the topic. I would gladly consider including it in the Journal. Speaking of change, did you know that 1 of the 28 members of the Editorial Board for volume 31 was a woman? In contrast, 8 of 42 current members of the 2012 Board of Associate Editors are women. Progress? I hope so, but in my opinion it still falls short of where we should be. How many women Editor-In-Chiefs have there been for the Journal or the Bulletin? I am afraid we all know the answer. Is it coincidence? Perhaps. Is it tradition? Perhaps. Is change needed? Yes! The Wildlife Society and the Journal of Wildlife Management face increasing competition with time. Many professional societies are struggling to persist. Traditional journals face increasing competition with new online journals. Subscriptions to Journal of Wildlife Management have undergone recent declines to the point that we need to consider new strategies. At this writing, I think that Journal of Wildlife Management continues to be the preeminent wildlife journal in the world. But the journal will not retain that stature without continuing to change. The focus of the journal changes with each volume, and the diversity of membership on the editorial board improves with time. Whether or not these incremental changes are enough is unknown. Regardless, change is imperative if the journal is to remain relevant. If the journal ceases to be relevant, it will cease to be. Bill Block Editor-in-Chief
European NG112 Crossroads: Toward a New Emergency Communications Framework (2017)

Nowadays, citizens are getting used to new ways of agile communications supporting media-enriched and context-aware information. However, the adoption of these evolved technologies in emergency communications between citizens and public authorities faces a series of barriers, including the lack of harmonized and interoperable solutions. Different initiatives worldwide are addressing the need for specifying a stable IP-based next generation emergency communications framework. This article provides a general overview of the different international approaches with special focus on the European perspective, where the NG112 architecture has been specified, and it has now entered the testing and evaluation phase.
Mid-Infrared Methane Sensing Using a Silica Photonic Bandgap Fiber (2007)

This work demonstrated an all-silica photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber capable of low-loss transmission in the mid-infrared region and its application to methane sensing using an alternative method, based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The spectral measurement and processing were performed using a FTIR spectrometer consisting of a scanning Michelson interferometer.
Standardization of traditional Chinese medicine and evaluation of evidence from its clinical practice (2011)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a typical traditional medicine (TM) with a long-standing history of preventing and curing diseases in China and other countries in East Asia. Standardization of TCM has been a topic of discussion over the past few decades in China with the goal of promoting advances in TCM in China and elsewhere around the world. Many quality and safety control standards for TCMs have been implemented in China, but systematic standards of efficacy have not been established for TCMs until now because of the absence of evidence from clinical practice. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the best way to provide evidence from clinical practice, but the quality of current EBM studies of TCM, and especially randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM, needs to be improved. International registration of clinical trials (CTs) of TCM is a good way to provide quality evidence from clinical practice of TCM because it can improve research transparency and ultimately enhance the validity and value of scientific evidence. This evidence will provide the springboard for efforts to standardize TCM.
Study on correlation between the polymorphism of human IL13RΑ2 gene and non-small cell lung cancer (2012)

Objective To investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in IL13RA2 gene rs17095919 and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods SNP of IL13RA2 gene rs17095919 was genotyped by Taqman real-time PCR.ELISA was used to determine the production of sIL-13RA2 protein in the healthy group and NSCLC group.Results The concentration of sIL-13RA2 protein in the group of NSCLC was highly increased.IL13RA2 gene rs17095919 was significantly associated with all NSCLC(P0.05).Conclusion sIL-13RA2 protein is highly correlated with NSCLC.IL13RA2 rs17095919 C/T genotype may be susceptibility genotype in NSCLC patients.
Maximizing Cloud Providers' Revenues via Energy Aware Allocation Policies (2010)

Cloud providers, like Amazon, offer their data centers' computational and storage capacities for lease to paying customers. High electricity consumption, associated with running a data center, not only reflects on its carbon footprint, but also increases the costs of running the data center itself. This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the revenues of Cloud providers by trimming down their electricity costs. As a solution allocation policies which are based on the dynamic powering servers on and off are introduced and evaluated. The policies aim at satisfying the conflicting goals of maximizing the users' experience while minimizing the amount of consumed electricity. The results of numerical experiments and simulations are described, showing that the proposed scheme performs well under different traffic conditions.
Elasto-optical properties of thin polymer films by prism coupling technique (2003)

The out-of-plane elastic modulus, refractive-index, film thickness and birefringence of polystyrene, polymethyl-methacrylate and benzocyclobutane polymer films were determined by means of prism coupling technique. Three dimensional finite element method analysis was used to obtain principal stresses for each polymer and combining them with stress dependent refractive index measurements, the elasto-optic coefficients of the polymer films were determined, for the first time.
Banishment (2017)

Abstract Banishment is the punishment of forced exile for a fixed term or life. It was used both in ancient societies and in colonial Britain as a punishment for rebels and common criminals. The institution of “transportation” was used extensively to populate and supply cheap labor to British North American colonies and Australia. Internal exile was also used to isolate criminals and political opponents of the tsarist regime in Russia and more recently in the Soviet Union. Some writers contend that extreme residential restrictions on sex offenders in the United States constitute de facto banishment.
Plasma-Density-Gradient Injection of Low Absolute-Momentum-Spread Electron Bunches (2008)

Plasma density gradients in a gas jet were used to control the wake phase velocity and trapping threshold in a laser wakefield accelerator, producing stable electron bunches with longitudinal and transverse momentum spreads more than 10 times lower than in previous experiments (0.17 and 0.02 MeV/c FWHM, respectively) and with central momenta of 0.76+/-0.02 MeV/c. Transition radiation measurements combined with simulations indicated that the bunches can be used as a wakefield accelerator injector to produce stable beams with 0.2 MeV/c-class momentum spread at high energies.
Correspondence (1991)

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A Method for Distributed Personal Contents Management (2008)

This paper describes a method for managing, visualizing and searching personal contents distributed on the desktop and the multiple Web sites. Personal Web server in this system enables users to access their contents from the remote sites, so users need not upload them to the public Web server. We propose unified contents access methods for the various contents from the multiple sources and a visualization method to manage personal contents effectively. With unified contents access methods and the visualization method, all contents are accessible through the same interface and users can use them regardless of contents types or sources. To provide the up-to-date information in the personal contents management system, we implemented the file system/database synchronization engine.
A Rapid Diet Preparation Method for Antibiotic Phytochemical Bioassay2 (1978)

A simple, rapid method was developed for uniformly mixing antibiotic phytochemicals into diet for bioassay with lepidopterous larvae. Uniform mixture was obtained. The time required to work up a bioassay of one sample in 10 replicates was 15–20 min; however, total biological time for the bioassay was from 10–14 days.
Development and Implementation of C4NP Technology for 300 mm Wafers (2007)

Considerable work is ongoing worldwide on developing lead-free solutions for electronics industry to meet the needs of RoHs requirements. This paper describes the development and implementation of lead-free C4 interconnects for 300 mm wafers using, C4NP technology at IBM with equipment partnership with Suss MicroTech Inc. Key process modules of C4NP technology are: (a) UBM pads fabrication using simple unit processes in back end of the line semiconductor manufacturing facility, (b) Solder melt filling of glass molds with cavities in solder fill tool and inspection, (c) C4 bump transfer to UBM pads on wafers using vaporized flux process in solder transfer tool, (d) Final inspections and electrical tests. This process technology for C4 bumping eliminates the need for solder or solder alloy plating and provides wider latitude for selecting solder composition. For example, solders can be selected for improved mechanical properties and, or low alpha emission requirements. This can be accomplished by simple changing of mold fill head. Primary efforts of this study are focused on four key elements: (1) Development of unit processes for UBM pad patterning and solder transfer processing, (2) chip/organic laminate module builds, using industry standard bond and assembly processes, (3) selection of specific test vehicle wafers with 200 um pitch pads and over 1.25 million C4 bumps, and (4) extensive reliability testing of modules with JDEC and IBM internal standards. Modules with test vehicle chips as well as product chips have shown excellent reliability data, comparable to that of high lead electroplated C4 bumps, and meet application requirements. In order to assess manufacturing robustness and yields, sector partitioning studies were undertaken to understand the effects of unit process windows and defect densities. Results show that C4NP technology can produce yields comparable to that of electroplated C4 Bumps. Technology qualification studies have been successfully completed. Thus, enabling the path for manufacturing ramp up. This technology is extendable to higher density C4 interconnects and product qualifications studies on C4 bumps on 150 um pitch are ongoing. IBM is adapting this technology for 300 mm lead-free applications.
Nonvolatile Memory Device Using Gold Nanoparticles Covalently Bound to Reduced Graphene Oxide (2011)

Nonvolatile memory devices using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were fabricated in both horizontal and vertical structures. The horizontal memory device, in which a singly and doubly overlayered semiconducting rGO channel was formed by simply using a spin-casting technique to connect two gold electrodes, was designed for understanding the origin of charging effects. AuNPs were chemically bound to the rGO channel through a π-conjugated molecular linker. The π-conjugated bifunctional molecular linker, 4-mercapto-benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (MBDT) salt, was newly synthesized and used as a molecular bridge to connect the AuNPs and rGOs. By using a self-assembly technique, the diazonium functional group of the MBDT molecular linker was spontaneously immobilized on the rGOs. Then, the monolayered AuNPs working as capacitors were covalently connected to the thiol groups of the MBDT molecules, which were attached to rGOs (AuNP-frGO). These covalent bonds were confirmed by XPS analyses. The current-voltage characteristics of both the horizontal and vertical AuNP-frGO memory devices showed noticeable nonlinear hysteresis, stable write-multiple read-erase-multiple read cycles over 1000 s, and a long retention time over 700 s. In addition, the vertical AuNP-frGO memory device showed a large current ON/OFF ratio and high stability.
Crystal Structure of Nonstoichiometric Tetranuclear Platinum Compound, <i>cis</i>-Diammineplatinum α-Pyrrolidone Violet, [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4](PF6)2(NO3)2.56·5H2O (1985)

Abstract Nonstoichiometric platinum tetranuclear compound, cis-Diammineplatinum α-Pyrrolidone Violet, [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4)(PF6)2(NO3)2.56·5H2O, has been synthesized and the crystal structure has been solved with X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is triclinic with the space group of P\bar1 and cell dimensions of a=13.530(8), b=19.242(9), c=10.222(3) Å, α=96.56(9), β=93.82(9), γ=74.64(8)°, V=2547.4 Å3, and Z=2. The structure have been solved by heavy atom method and the final discrepancy index R1 was 0.094 and R2 was 0.090. The cation is structurally identical with those of cis-Diammineplatinum α-Pyridone Yellow(PPY), [Pt4(NH3)8(C5H4NO)4]4+, cis-Diammineplatinum α-Pyridone Blue(PPB), [Pt4(NH3)8((C5H4NO)4]5+, and cis-Diammineplatinum α-Pyrrolidone Tan(PPT), [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4]6+, and consists of four platinum atoms linked in a chain with bridging pyrrolidone ligands. Each platinum atom is cis coordinated by two ammine ligands and either two exocyclic oxygen atoms or two deprotonated ring nitrogen atoms of α-pyrrolidone ligands. The Pt-Pt bond distances are 2.848(2), 2.875(2), 2.839(2), and 2.875(2) Å, which are intermediate between those of PPY and PPB, indicating that the average platinum oxidation state is between 2.0 and 2.25. According to the potentiometric: oxidative titration of the compound using Ce(IV), the average platinum oxidation state is 2.14 and therefore the compound is considered to consist of 44% of [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4]4+ and 56% of [Pt4(NH3)8(C4H6NO)4]5+.
Los comuneros, Francisco de Miranda y la francmasonería en Venezuela (1779-1810) (2009)

Los nombres de los comuneros gritenses estan inmortalizados como simbolos regionales que identifican plazas, avenidas, escuelas, liceos, y polideportivos. Igualmente, representan una primitiva organizacion paramasonica, quienes se reunian al interno de cofradias, capellanias, y hermandades para salvar la persecucion politica espanola y religiosa, por parte de la Inquisicion. Las repercusiones politicas de este Movimiento Comunero de La Grita han sido mayormente ocultadas por la historiografia tradicional, al deformar el sentido popular del movimiento, y catalogar al lider Juan Jose Garcia de Hevia como un terrateniente, rico. Las repercusiones en la independencia tendran su manifestacion con la presencia de Jose Ignacio Garcia de Hevia, quien fue uno de los firmantes de la declaracion de adhesion al Acta de la Independencia, el 11 de octubre de 1810; y Francisco Javier Garcia de Hevia quien fue fusilado en 1816 en Bogota, por sus luchas a favor de la independencia. Lo propio sucede con la presencia de los masones en los movimientos pre-independentistas; aunque no hay consenso en los historiadores respecto a la fecha de fundacion de las logias masonicas en Venezuela, es innegable la participacion de las mismas. En tal sentido, hay por lo menos dos tendencias; una, la que sostiene que hay masoneria en 1804, y otra, la que afirma que la primera logia masonica fue fundada por Francisco de Miranda en 1811 y, en consecuencia, antes de esa fecha no hay presencia de masones en la independencia venezolana.