gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing Rate-Compatible LDPC Codes with a Novel Efficient Ranking Criterion (2010)

In this paper, we consider the construction of efficient rate-compatible (RC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Specifically, we introduce a novel criterion to rank puncturing patterns and splitting patterns for RC LDPC codes. Based on the Gaussian approximation density evolution (GADE), cost functions are devised to characterize the degree distribution of the punctured or split code matrices, which are derived from a given code's parity check matrix by some matrix row transformations. These cost functions allow us to effectively compare the estimated performance of the candidate patterns and to sort out good ones. Based on the proposed ranking criterion, we provide a good RC LDPC code structure, which can support a wide range of code rates and outperform most of the existing RC LDPC codes in literatures. Moreover, the proposed scheme has the important advantage of reduced decoding latency and complexity without sacrificing performance. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed RC LDPC codes can lead to nearly 25% decoding complexity saving and latency reduction at comparable or even better performance.
Localization of agonist and antagonist binding domains of the human neurokinin-1 receptor. (1992)

To identify the molecular determinants of ligand-receptor interactions, the extracellular domain of the human neurokinin-1 receptor was systematically substituted with the corresponding sequences from the other two neurokinin receptor subtypes. Three residues within the first extracellular segment and 2 residues of the second segment are required for the optimal binding of all three natural peptide agonists. The divergent nature of 4 of the 5 residues supports the hypothesis that the peptide binding site on the neurokinin-1 receptor is not highly conserved in the other two receptor subtypes. In contrast, substitution of part of the third extracellular segment and the fourth extracellular segment with the corresponding amino acids of the human neurokinin-3 receptor results in an increase in neurokinin B affinity without affecting substance P binding, suggesting that the two peptides do not interact with the same set of functional groups on the receptor. Among the four extracellular regions, only parts of the third and fourth segments affect the binding of the quinuclidine antagonist L-703,606, and these two regions may partially account for the neurokinin-1 receptor subtype specificity of this non-peptide antagonist. These studies demonstrate that both the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the neurokinin-1 receptor are involved in the binding of substance P and related peptides.
64.3: Vertical Expansion Problem in Light Guide Type Near to Eye Displays (2010)

Abstract A Near to Eye Display that uses a light guide is a compact optical system for viewing virtual images. The light guide expands the exit pupil in one dimension, far away from the imaging optics, but lacks the ability to expand the exit pupil in the other direction. In this paper we present vertical expansion methods that can be imbedded in the light guide and introduce a new optical method for the vertical expansion. Simulations and experiments are discussed.
Oxynitride gate dielectrics for p/sup +/-polysilicon gate MOS devices (1993)

Different oxynitride gate dielectrics (NH/sub 3/-nitrided, reoxidized NH/sub 3/-nitrided, N/sub 2/-annealed NH/sub 3/-nitrided, and N/sub 2/O grown oxides) are investigated for use in p/sup +/-polysilicon gate MOS devices. The comparison is based on flatband voltage shift as well as decrease in inversion capacitance. Results show that NH/sub 3/-nitrided and N/sub 2/-annealed NH/sub 3/-nitrided oxides best suppress the boron penetration and, consequently, these two undesirable effects. These findings are explained on the basis of the distribution of nitrogen in various oxynitride dielectrics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel zero-current-transition PWM converters (1994)

A new family of zero-current-transition (ZCT) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converters is proposed. The new family of converters implements zero-current turn-off for power transistor(s) without increasing voltage/current stresses and operates at a fixed frequency. The proposed converters are deemed most suitable for high-power applications where the minority-carrier semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs, BJTs, and MCTs) are predominantly used as the power switches. Theoretical analysis is verified on a 100 kHz, 1 kW ZCT-PWM boost converter using an IGBT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intestinal cell damage and systemic immune activation in individuals reporting sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease (2016)

These findings reveal a state of systemic immune activation in conjunction with a compromised intestinal epithelium affecting a subset of individuals who experience sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease.
437 Development of a Clutch Using Magneto-Rheological Grease (2012)

Magneto-Rheological Grease (MR Grease) is one of functional fluids whose yield shear stress can be controlled reversibly by the applied magnetic field strength. Grease is known as lubricant widely used in mechanical components. It is composed of base oil and thickener which has 3-dimensional structure. Micron-size iron particles are dispersed in grease, and the thickener is expected to prevent iron particles from settling out caused by density difference of compositions. In this study, a model of MR Grease clutch was constructed and its performance was investigated as an application study of MR Grease. The effect of centrifugal force to MR Grease was also studied.
Inducing data loss in Zigbee networks via join/association handshake spoofing (2016)

Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for low-power wireless mesh networks. Being a protocol with several known vulnerabilities, it continues to attract extensive research interest due to its potential applications in the Internet-of-Things (IoT). One of Zigbee's weak points lies in the network coordinator's initial handshake with a joining device, which is unencrypted. Our paper proposes a denial-of-service attack which exploits this fact to convince an end device to send its data to a rogue device on a different channel rather than the actual coordinator. Because the resource limitations of Zigbee devices generally preclude permanent storage, this is likely to result in loss of the transmitted data. We successfully demonstrate our attack and propose a solution that uses challenge-response based authentication to mitigate the attack.
Cryogenic high-resolution X-ray spectrometers for SR-XRF and microanalysis (1998)

Experimental results are presented obtained with a cryogenically cooled high-resolution X-ray spectrometer based on a 141 x 141 micro m Nb-Al-Al(2)O(3)-Al-Nb superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector in an SR-XRF demonstration experiment. STJ detectors can operate at count rates approaching those of semiconductor detectors while still providing a significantly better energy resolution for soft X-rays. By measuring fluorescence X-rays from samples containing transition metals and low-Z elements, an FWHM energy resolution of 6-15 eV for X-rays in the energy range 180-1100 eV has been obtained. The results show that, in the near future, STJ detectors may prove very useful in XRF and microanalysis applications.
Purification and Characterization of Novel Transglutaminase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores (2000)

Transglutaminase activity was detected in suspensions of purified spores prepared from lysozyme-treated sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis AJ 1307. The enzyme was easily solubilized from the spores upon incubation at pH 10.5 at 37 degrees C. The transglutaminase activity was separated into two fractions upon purification by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (TG1 and TG2). Each enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (about 1,000-fold). Both enzymes had the same molecular weight of 29,000 as estimated by SDS-PAGE, had the same N-terminal 30 amino acid sequence, and also showed the same optimal temperature (60 degrees C) and pH (8.2). The purified enzyme catalyzed formation of cross-linked epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine isopeptides, resulting in the gel-formation of protein solutions such as alphas-casein and BSA.
Alloy Has High Fatigue Strength In Hydrogen (1991)

Experimental nickel-base alloy exhibits exceptional low-cycle-fatigue strength in hydrogen. Alloy one of many intended to be produced by strategy of formulating compositions having potential for exceptional low-cycle-fatigue strength in air, casting these alloys into single crystals, and processing them in such ways that their microstructures contain minimal numbers of both sites favoring initiation of fatigue and sites having high surface energies for entrapment of, and infiltration by, hydrogen.
Optimal field splitting for large intensity‐modulated fields (2004)

The multileaf travel range limitations on some linear accelerators require the splitting of a large intensity-modulated field into two or more adjacent abutting intensity-modulated subfields. The abutting subfields are then delivered as separate treatment fields. This workaround not only increases the treatment delivery time but it also increases the total monitor units (MU) delivered to the patient for a given prescribed dose. It is imperative that the cumulative intensity map of the subfields is exactly the same as the intensity map of the large field generated by the dose optimization algorithm, while satisfying hardware constraints of the delivery system. In this work, we describe field splitting algorithms that split a large intensity-modulated field into two or more intensity-modulated subfields with and without feathering, with optimal MU efficiency while satisfying the hardware constraints. Compared to a field splitting technique (without feathering) used in a commercial planning system, our field splitting algorithm (without feathering) shows a decrease in total MU of up to 26% on clinical cases and up to 63% on synthetic cases.
Distributed beamforming with high altitude balloon relays (2017)

In this paper, we propose an aerial relay layer composed of a swarm of high altitude balloon nodes. These nodes are deployed as a large distributed array, allowing spatial reuse of precious bandwidth through adaptive beamforming. Creating multi-fold increases in spectrum efficiency using the distributed sparse array requires advanced adaptive processing at a ground station. In this paper, we will develop the fundamental limits of such a system, show simulation results for scenarios of interest, and provide flight test results from the system.
Compact Waveguide-Based Power Divider Feeding Independently Any Number of Coaxial Lines (2007)

The device described in this paper has been designed to enable the feeding of many individual plasma sources from a single microwave generator, providing a noninterfering and constant supply of power to each coaxial line driving these plasma sources. The power coming from the generator flows through a waveguide under standing-wave conditions provided by the presence of a conducting plane located at the waveguide end opposite that linked to the generator. Power is extracted from the waveguide, at the maximum of intensity of the E-field standing wave, by a waveguide-to-coaxial-line transition designated as a probe. One or two probes can be set at each such maximum of field intensity (and this on both sides of the waveguide wide wall), yielding a compact power divider. Each coaxial line feeds a microwave field applicator, sustaining plasma, through a matching circuit comprising a tuning means and a ferrite isolator (circulator with a matched load), the latter ensuring that whatever happens to the plasma source, the other feeding lines are not affected. The conditions required for a perfect match of the microwave generator to the power divider are elaborated and examples of actual designs are presented
RABIES IMMUNIZATION OF RED FOXES (VUPES FULVA) WITH VACCINE IN SAUSAGE BAITS1 (1976)

Foxes were orally vaccinated against rabies with two modified live vaccine viruses, ERA/BHK-21 and PRI strain, in sausage baits. The baits proved acceptable to caged foxes and effectively delivered immunizing doses of vaccine. Antibody profiles on the vaccinated foxes and intramuscular challenge with "street" rabies virus showed the ERA/BHK-21 vaccine to be more effective than the PRI vaccine. The addition of a stabilizer helped maintain virus titers when the baits were subjected to high (35 C) temperature.
Design and evaluation of bi- and trispecific antibodies targeting multiple filovirus glycoproteins (2018)

Filoviruses (family Filoviridae) include five ebolaviruses and Marburg virus. These pathogens cause a rapidly progressing and severe viral disease with high mortality rates (generally 30-90%). Outbreaks of filovirus disease are sporadic and, until recently, were limited to less than 500 cases. However, the 2013-2016 epidemic in western Africa, caused by Ebola virus (EBOV), illustrated the potential of filovirus outbreaks to escalate to a much larger scale (over 28,000 suspected cases). mAbs against the envelope glycoprotein represent a promising therapeutic platform for managing filovirus infections. However, mAbs that exhibit neutralization or protective properties against multiple filoviruses are rare. Here we examined a panel of engineered bi- and trispecific antibodies, in which variable domains of mAbs that target epitopes from multiple filoviruses were combined, for their capacity to neutralize viral infection across filovirus species. We found that bispecific combinations targeting EBOV and Sudan virus (another ebolavirus), provide potent cross-neutralization and protection in mice. Furthermore, trispecific combinations, targeting EBOV, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, exhibited strong neutralization potential against all three viruses. These results provide important insights into multispecific antibody engineering against filoviruses and will inform future immunotherapeutic discoveries.
Asymmetric Syntheses of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphates with Saturated and Unsaturated Side Chains through Catalytic Asymmetric Phosphorylation (2004)

Highly direct asymmetric syntheses of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) in each enantiomerically pure form have been achieved. The key step involves catalytic asymmetric phosphorylation of meso-myo-inositol derivatives through desymmetrization. Protecting group schemes have been employed that allow for synthesis of PI3P with either saturated or arachidonate side chains, in analogy to the naturally occurring systems. Syntheses in each enantiomeric series are reported that rely on the choice of enantioselective peptide-based catalyst to define the enantiomeric series in which the syntheses are carried out.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antifungal Activities of Novel Triazole Antifungal Agent CS-758. (2001)

Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of a novel triazole antifungal agent CS-758 (former name, R-120758) are described. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a series of dioxane-triazole compounds related to R-102557 were examined. Variation of the length of the chain between the dioxane ring and the phenyl ring revealed that the linkage with two double bonds is the most preferable. When a cyano group was introduced to the C4 position on the benzene ring, MICs improved further. A fluorine atom was introduced to obtain CS-758. The MICs of CS-758 surpassed those of fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus species. The precursor (E,E)-aldehyde was synthesized stereoselectively from 3-fluoro-4-methylbenzonitrile using the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction.
Efficient solution-processed phosphor-sensitized single-emitting-layer white organic light-emitting devices: fabrication, characteristics, and transient analysis of energy transfer (2011)

We present high-efficiency solution-processed WOLEDs with good color stability and high color rendering index using a phosphor-sensitized system. The devices with a single active layer in which the blue phosphorescent dye FIrpic as emitter and sensitizer, and the fluorescencent dye 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) as orange emitter, show a maximum luminance efficiency of 16.4 cd A−1 and a maximum luminance of 24300 cd m−2. By adding a hole-blocking layer, a substantially enhanced efficiency of 26.9 cd A−1 can be achieved. The origin and mechanism of the efficient white emission are also discussed by using the transient photoluminescence and electroluminescence techniques. Transient analyses indicate that white emission is from the residual blue phosphorescence of the sensitizer, the sensitized orange-red fluorescence due to triplet-to-singlet energy transfer, and the instantaneous fluorescence resulting due to singlet-singlet transfer and direct exciton formation caused by charge trapping in DCJTB molecules. It is also demonstrated that the direct triplet exciton formation on DCJTB due to charge trapping are the primary loss process. For the first time, the energy transfer efficiency of the incomplete energy transfer from FIrpic to DCJTB, and the ratios of instantaneous to sensitized fluorescence emissions are investigated.
Novel Solder Alloy with Wide Service Temperature Capability for Automotive Applications (2018)

Abstract A novel lead-free solder alloy 90.6Sn3.2Ag0.7Cu5.5Sb, designated as Indalloy276, was developed targeting for high reliability with a wide service temperature capability. The alloy exhibited a melting temperature range of 223 to 232°C, reflowable at profile with peak temperature 245°C and 255°C, with ambient temperature Yield Stress 60MPa, UTS 77 MPa, and ductility 28%, and a higher stress than both SAC305 and SACBSbN, the latter two alloys were used as controls. When tested at 140°C and 165°C, the die shear stress of 276 was comparable with SACBSbN but higher than SAC305, and the ductility was higher than both SACBSbN and SAC305, with SACBSbN exhibited distinct brittle behavior. When aged at 125°C and 175°C, the die shear strength of 276 was comparable or higher than both controls. When pretreated with a harsh condition, TST (−55°C/155°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 8 times of that of SACBSbN and SAC305. When pre-conditioned at TCT (−40°C/175°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 11 to 20 times of SACBSbN and SAC305, depending on the flux type used. Both 276 and SACBSbN are alloys based on SnAgCu, but reinforced with precipitate hardening and solution hardening, with the use of additives including Sb, Ni, and Bi. 276 exhibited a finer microstructure with less particles dispersed, while SACBSbN exhibited more particles with some blocky Ag3Sn plates or rods. 276 is rigid and ductile, while SACBSbN is rigid but brittle. Under the harsh test condition where ΔT was high, the dimension mismatch between parts and substrate became very significant due to CTE mismatch. This significant dimension mismatch would cause a brittle joint to crack quickly, as seen on SACBSbN. The challenge was more tolerable for a ductile joint, as shown by 276. Accordingly 276 showed a much better reliability than SACBSbN under harsh condition, including high testing temperature and large ΔT. Overall, to achieve high reliability under a wide service temperature environment, a balanced ductility and rigidity for solder alloy is critical for success.
New processable polyaromatic amides curable by Diels‐Alder cycloaddition (1980)

Abstract New processable polyaromatic amides were prepared from the acid chloride of bis‐ m ‐carboxyphenyl acetylene (V), the acid chloride of 1,4‐bis‐ m ‐carboxyphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene (VI), and several aromatic diamines. The polyamides that contained acetylene units were cured by Diels‐Alder cycloaddition reaction with 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene, whereas the polyamides with 1,3‐butadiene units were cured with N ‐phenyl maleimide. Cured polyamides showed an increase in t g , thermal, and heat stabilities. The polyamides can be cast into films and produce good glass‐fiber laminates.
Class III Alleles of the Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Insulin Polymorphism Associated with Silencing of Thymic Insulin Predispose to Type 1 Diabetes (2001)

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The insulin gene (INS) is also expressed in human thymus, an ectopic expression site likely involved in immune tolerance. The IDDM2 diabetes susceptibility locus maps to a minisatellite composed of a variable number of tandem repeats situated 0.5 kb upstream of INS. Chromosomes carrying the protective long INS variable number of tandem repeats alleles (class III) produce higher levels of thymic INS mRNA than those with the predisposing, short class I alleles. However, complete silencing of thymic INS transcripts from the class III chromosome was found in a small proportion of heterozygous human thymus samples. We hypothesized that the specific class III alleles found on these chromosomes silence rather than enhance thymic insulin expression. To test the prediction that these alleles are predisposing, we developed a DNA fingerprinting method for detecting two putative "silencing" alleles found in two thymus samples (S1, S2). In a set of 287 diabetic children and their parents we found 13 alleles matching the fingerprint of the S1 or S2 alleles. Of 18 possible transmissions, 12 of the S1-S2 alleles were transmitted to the diabetic offspring, a frequency of 0.67, significantly higher than the 0.38 seen in the remaining 142 class III alleles; P = 0.025. This confirms our prediction and represents an additional level of correlation between thymic insulin and diabetes susceptibility, which supports a thymic enhancer effect of the INS variable number of tandem repeats as the mechanism of IDDM2 and refines the contribution of IDDM2 genotyping to diabetes risk assessment.
Influence of Unwanted First-Order Sideband on Optical Vector Analysis Based on Optical Single-Sideband Modulation (2017)

Optical vector analyzer (OVA) based on optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulation is attractive due to its potential sub-Hz resolution. However, the accuracy and dynamic range are limited by the unwanted sidebands of the OSSB signal, including the high-order sidebands and the unwanted first-order sideband. Previously, the influence of the high-order sidebands has been studied and several methods to suppress the errors induced by the high-order sidebands have been proposed. However, the investigation of the influence of the unwanted first-order sideband is still insufficient. In this paper, an analytical model is established and a numerical simulation is performed to comprehensively study the impact of the unwanted first-order sideband on the accuracy and dynamic range of the OSSB-based OVA. Then the simulation results are verified by experiment, which indicates that the unwanted first-order sideband has evident influence on the measurement accuracy and places a restriction on the dynamic range. Given that some prior information of the transmission responses is known, certain parameters of the device under test may still be achievable with high accuracy even when large unwanted first-order sideband is presented. This study may provide guidance in design and application of the OSSB-based OVA.