gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis using individual patient data: efficacy and durability of topical alicaforsen for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis (2013)

This post hoc meta-analysis showed that alicaforsen is effective in patients with active UC, especially in patients with distal disease, which is of moderate/severe activity. The efficacy of alicaforsen was durable in these sub-groups, suggesting a disease-modifying effect. This analysis suggests that alicaforsen enema may offer an effective, potentially durable response in moderate/severe distal active UC.
Dispute Resolution in China after Deng Xiaoping: Mao and Mediation Revisited (2019)

Dispute resolution, like all other aspects of Chinese society, is being reshaped by extensive reforms that began in 1979. The changes do not only concern Chinese, who are now sometimes able to assert rights that they have never had before, but foreigners as well. As China’s influence in the international community grows, other nations must also be concerned about the capacity of Chinese legal institutions to perform their declared functions. Notably, for example, if China accedes to the World Trade Organization the Chinese government will be obligated to make China a more rule-based society than it has ever been. Larger issues are involved, too, especially China’s ability to move toward the rule of law that its leaders have proclaimed as a goal. In view of these concerns, Western analysis of the functions and operation of the Chinese courts and related institutions should be deepened. Studying Chinese law today requires that we look beyond the rapid changes that have aroused world-wide attention since they began. It is necessary to consider both the starting point of legal reform and the obstacles to future progress. I have therefore looked back at Chinese institutions for dispute resolution when I first wrote about them in “Mao and Mediation,”‘ published thirty years ago when studies of Chinese law in the United States were still in an early stage. That attempt to understand and interpret China’s legal institutions was prompted by my concern about American ignorance of China that flowed from the Sino-American estrangement of the time. Now, three decades later, China’s extraordinary transformations and entry into the community of nations make it even more necessary to use law as a prism through which to view China.
Resistant rice starch development (2003)

This study showed that enzyme treatments were effective in producing resistant starch from rice flour and starch. Rice starch produced higher resistant starch yields than rice flour. The lower resistant starch yields in rice flour could be attributed to the presence of lipids and proteins which were competitively binding to amylose, resulting in decreased recrystallization of amylose. The gelatinization type and incubation periods were not as influential as enzyme treatments in the resistant starch formation. The rapid visco amylograph (RVA) analysis indicated that the gelatinized samples have minimal pasting characteristics since they had been gelatinized prior to enzyme treatments. Pasting viscosity was decreased in the non-gelatinized samples if they had been treated with ¥á-amylase-pullulanase or ¥á-amylase. The higher incubation temperatures in conjunction with the random cleaving effect of ¥á-amylase could have caused the reduced pasting characteristics. The rice flour and starch pasting characteristics were similar. Several of the gelatinized rice flour and starch samples underwent gelatinization during analysis with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three of the non-gelatinized rice flour samples, NGNS (non-gelatinized, no overnight storage) 2hr and 4hr (¥á-amylase) and NGNS16hr (¥á-amylase-pullulanase) did not have gelatinization peaks. Amylose-lipid complexes and resistant starch were detected in most of the treated samples. Reheating of the samples with resistant starch peaks showed that some of the samples had heat stable resistant starch.
Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Androgen Deprivation: Effects on Prostate Size and Urodynamic Parameters (1989)

The possible effect of medical androgen deprivation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been studied in 12 patients. Six patients received the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist buserelin and 6 others received the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate. The treatment resulted in an average decrease in prostatic size of 29 per cent after 12 weeks as measured by ultrasonography. This decrease led to an increase in peak urinary flow rate, a reduction in residual urine volume and a decrease in daytime voiding frequency. However, it caused no decrease in urethral resistance but only an increase in the bladder contraction strength. After discontinuation of the treatment the prostates showed regrowth to the initial sizes within 6 to 36 weeks. The urodynamic changes were reversed as well. Although statistically significant, the urodynamic changes were minimal from a clinical viewpoint and did not lead to an unobstructed state after 12 weeks of treatment. For this reason the clinical indication for use of medical androgen deprivation in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients will remain limited for the time being.
Serum‐free large‐scale transient transfection of CHO cells (2004)

To date, methods for large-scale transient gene expression (TGE) in cultivated mammalian cells have focused on two transfection vehicles: polyethylenimine (PEI) and calcium phosphate (CaPi). Both have been shown to result in high transfection efficiencies at scales beyond 10 L. Unfortunately, both approaches yield higher levels of recombinant protein (r-protein) in the presence of serum than in its absence. Since serum is a major cost factor and an obstacle to protein purification, our goal was to develop a large-scale TGE process for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the absence of serum. CHO-DG44 cells were cultivated and transfected in a chemically defined medium using linear 25 kDa PEI as a transfection vehicle. Parameters that were optimized included the DNA amount, the DNA-to-PEI ratio, the timing and solution conditions for complex formation, the transfection medium, and the cell density at the time of transfection. The highest levels of r-protein expression were observed when cultures at a density of 2.0 x 10(6) cells/ml were transfected with 2.5 microg/ml DNA in RPMI 1640 medium containing 25 mM HEPES at pH 7.1. The transfection complex was formed at a DNA:PEI ratio of 1:2 (w/w) in 150 mM NaCl with a 10-min incubation at room temperature prior to addition to the culture. The procedure was scaled up for a 20-L bioreactor, yielding expression levels of 10
Optimization of the fractionated irradiation scheme considering physical doses to tumor and organ at risk based on dose–volume histograms (2015)

It is possible to optimize the number of fractions and dose per fraction based on the physical dose distribution (i.e., dose-volume histogram) by the graphical method considering the effects on tumor and OARs around the tumor. This method may stipulate a new guideline to optimize the fractionation regimen for physics-guided fractionation.
An adaptive cache consistency strategy in a disconnected mobile wireless network (2011)

Data caching strategies become more and more attractive in mobile environment. Mobile clients cache frequently accessed data items to save communication bandwidth, resource usage, and data latency. However, the important problem is how to guarantee the consistency of the data cached at the clients. Most of existing cache invalidation policies in wireless environment based on broadcasting invalidation reports to maintain the consistency between sever and mobile clients. However, they ignore the problem that mobile clients may be lost the connection during the synchronization process. In this paper, we propose an adaptive strategy for consistent cache at client-side upon data updating at server-side. Our strategy does not only focus on scheduling updated data broadcasting at server but also attempts to increase cache reusability among mobile clients in the disconnection cases. We carried out simulation experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Negative judgments: reflections on teaching reflective practice (2010)

Teaching reflective practice places difficult demands on the teacher as it seems to inevitably highlight the teacher's own ability, or lack thereof, to be a reflective practitioner. In this article, I reflect upon a time when I was teaching reflective practice online and a student and I made negative judgments about each other. I found that my negative judgments were primarily based in a tacit assumption that I am right (and the student was wrong) and a fear of failing as a teacher. By being tacit, they are hidden from possible inquiry. An important aspect of my own defensive behavior was being closed to the possibility of being surprised, which prevented reflection-in-action.
Structural Evolution of <i>Reoviridae</i> Revealed by <i>Oryzavirus</i> in Acquiring the Second Capsid Shell (2008)

The conservation of the core structure and diversification of the external features among the turreted reoviruses appear to be relevant to structural evolution in facilitating the infection of diverse host species. The structure of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), in the genus Oryzavirus of the family Reoviridae, is determined to show a core composed of capsid shell, clamps, and long turrets. The RRSV core structure is equivalent to the core structure of Orthoreovirus and the virion structure of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). In RRSV, five peripheral trimers surround each long turret and sit at the Q trimer position in the T=13l icosahedral symmetry, a structural feature unique to turreted reoviruses. That is, the core of RRSV is partially covered by 60 copies of the peripheral trimer. In contrast, the core of Orthoreovirus is covered by 200 copies of the trimer that sit at the Q, R, S, and T trimer positions. Our results suggest that among the three viruses, RRSV has a structure intermediate between that of Orthoreovirus and the CPV virion. This conclusion coincides with the results of the phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
Micromachined silicon grisms for infrared optics (2009)

We demonstrate the successful fabrication of large format (approximately 50 mm × 50 mm) gratings in monolithic silicon for use as high-efficiency grisms at infrared wavelengths. The substrates for the grisms were thick (8-16 mm) disks of precisely oriented single-crystal silicon (refractive index, n ~ 3.42). We used microlithography and chemical wet etching techniques to produce the diffraction gratings on one side of these substrates. These techniques permitted the manufacture of coarse grooves (as few as 7 grooves/mm) with precise control of the blaze angle and groove profile and resulted in excellent groove surface quality. Profilometric measurements of the groove structure of the gratings confirm that the physical dimensions of the final devices closely match their design values. Optical performance of these devices exceeds the specifications required for diffraction-limited performance (RMS wave surface error <λ/20) in the near- and mid-infrared (1-40 μm). Peak diffraction efficiencies measured in the reflection range from 70-95% of the theoretical maximum. Tests of our grisms in the near infrared indicate transmission efficiencies of 30-48% uncorrected for Fresnel losses and confirm excellent performance. In infrared wavelength regions where silicon transmits well, the blaze control and high index permit high-resolution, high-order dispersion in a compact space. The first application of these grisms is to provide FORCAST, a mid-infrared camera on NASA's airborne observatory, with a moderate resolution (R=100-1000) spectroscopic capability.
The Composition and Physical Properties of LPCVD Silicon Nitride Deposited with Different  NH 3 / SiH2Cl2 Gas Ratios (1985)

The composition and physical properties of low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride films were studied. The samples were deposited at 770°C with different reactant gas ratios ranging from 2 to 20. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed that the Si/N ratio was about 0.75, and the compositional uniformity as a function of depth was good for all samples. No excess Si clusters were detected by TEM for the samples annealed at 1000°C in for 5h. Only N‒H bonds were observed by infrared (IR) analysis. The amount of N‒H bonds in the asdeposited samples was estimated to be about . The normalized N‒H absorption peak area was found to increase by increasing values, while the amount of N‒H bonds was found to decrease after annealing at 1000°C in for 30 min. The plasma etch rates were found to increase by increasing values and showed a good correspondence to the trend of increasing the N‒H bonds. The film stress for all samples was tensile and had a level of . No difference was observed in the film's ability to act as an oxidation barrier for samples deposited with different values.
hnRNP A1 Interacts with the 5′ Untranslated Regions of Enterovirus 71 and Sindbis Virus RNA and Is Required for Viral Replication (2009)

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 is involved in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and translational regulation in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 is a regulated process during viral infection and cellular stress. Here we demonstrate that hnRNP A1 not only is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and regulates IRES-dependent translation but also binds to the 5' UTR of Sindbis virus (SV) and facilitates its translation. The cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 in EV71-infected cells leads to the enhancement of EV71 IRES-mediated translation, and its function can be substituted by hnRNP A2, whereas the cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 following SV infection enhances the SV translation, but this function cannot be replaced by hnRNP A2. Our study provides the first direct evidence that the cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 controls not only the IRES-dependent but also non-IRES-dependent translation initiations of RNA viruses.
Page to Stage (2013)

At last, for those who adapt literature into scripts, a how-to book that illuminates the process of creating a stageworthy play. Page to Stage describes the essential steps for constructing adaptations for any theatrical venue, from the college classroom to a professionally produced production. Acclaimed director Vincent Murphy offers students in theater, literary studies, and creative writing a clear and easy-to-use guidebook on adaptation. Its step-by-step process will be valuable to professional theater artists as well, and for script writers in any medium. Murphy defines six essential building blocks and strategies for a successful adaptation, including theme, dialogue, character, imagery, storyline, and action. Exercises at the end of each chapter lead readers through the transformation process, from choosing their material to creating their own adaptations. The book provides case studies of successful adaptations, including The Grapes of Wrath (adaptation by Frank Galati) and the author's own adaptations of stories by Samuel Beckett and John Barth. Also included is practical information on building collaborative relationships, acquiring rights, and getting your adaptation produced.
Structural/functional relationships between internal and external MSH receptors: Modulation of expression in Cloudman melanoma cells by UVB radiation (1991)

Expression of internal receptors for MSH is an important criterion for responsiveness to MSH by Cloudman melanoma cells (Orlow et al: J. Cell. Physiol., 142:129-136, 1990). Here, we show that internal and external receptors for MSH are of identical molecular weights (50-53 kDa) and share common antigenic determinants, indicating a structural relationship between the 2 populations of molecules. The internal receptors co-purified with a sub-cellular fraction highly enriched for small vesicles, many of which were coated. Ultraviolet B light (UVB) acted synergistically with MSH to increase tyrosinase activity and melanin content of cultured Cloudman melanoma cells, consistent with previous findings in the skin of mice and guinea pigs (Bolognia et al: J. Invest. Derm., 92:651-656, 1989). Preceding the rise in tyrosinase activity in cultured cells, UVB elicited a decrease in internal MSH binding sites and a concomitant increase in external sites. The time frame for the UVB effects on MSH receptors and melanogenesis, 48 hours, was similar to that for a response to solar radiation in humans. Together, the results indicate a key role for MSH receptors in the induction of melanogenesis by UVB and suggest a potential mechanism of action for UVB: redistribution of MSH receptors with a resultant increase in cellular responsiveness to MSH.
In Vitro Release of Nicotine From Chewing Gum Formulations (2004)

Release of nicotine from conventional gums and from gums made using a directly compressible gum
base was studied using the European Pharmacopoeia apparatus for testing of medicated chewing gums.
It was found that gum base and the method of preparation used in a formulation were important factors when controlling the release of drugs from chewing gum.
Adaptive Control of a Vibration Absorber/Isolator by Using a Plant Disturbance Canceler (1998)

In the paper an adaptive plant disturbance canceling scheme is developed and applied to a linear system for vibration absorption or isolation, when the system is subjected to a sinusoidal disturbance. The plant disturbance canceler is designed and adapted continually to provide a negating force to the system, thus eliminating considerably, if not totally, vibrational amplitude of the disturbed system. The canceler consists of a plant emulator and an inverse plant, which are in the forms of linear adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Impulse response of the system and inverse property of the inverse plant are used to obtain good initial weights for the adaptive filters. Numerical examples are presented and experimental results by using a magnetostrictive actuator as an active vibration isolator are included to demonstrate validity and effectiveness of the plant disturbance canceler.
Justicia y Género en Platón, República V (2006)

Fil: Santa Cruz, María Isabel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.
Decision or Procrastination in Floodplain Management (1994)

Notwithstanding a natural disaster of unprecedented severity in the heart of the country, and at a time when analysis of the underlying evidence and issues is more detailed and comprehensive than ever before, there is doubt that the nation will make fundamental changes necessary to prevent a recurrence of the tragic flood losses of 1993. The Federal government has been struggling for at least 25 years to put into action a coherent policy for floodplain management. It has never before had as solid a scientific basis for shaping effective measures at federal, state, and local levels. The magnitude of the Midwest floods- albeit now fading in public memory- still makes dramatic the opportunity for improvements. A few positive steps have been taken. The landmark report of the Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee pointed the was
UV Cross-Linking of Thiol-ene Polymers: A Rheological Study (1997)

An in situ dynamic rheological technique was used to characterize the UV cross-linking behavior of several thiol-ene systems. The cross-linking rate increased with increasing UV light intensity; however, the fractal dimensions at the gel point were comparable for different UV light intensities, indicating that the structures at the gel point were independent of UV light intensity. In addition, the application of pulse or continuous modes of irradiation had no effect on the evolving rheological properties during UV curing. In fact, the gel times and fractal dimensions at the gel point, determined from the rheological data, were comparable regardless of which mode of irradiation was used. The extent of reaction of the thiol-ene polymerization was determined by using a real-time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. This was combined with the dynamic rheological data to correlate changes in the elastic modulus with extent of reaction.
Illusion of reperfusion. Does anyone achieve optimal reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction? (1993)

Thrombolytic therapy significantly improves the natural history of acute myocardial infarction, but recent data suggest that current reperfusion strategies have yet to realize the maximum potential for reduction of mortality and salvage of ventricular function. Coronary patency rates as high as 85% assessed by angiography 90 minutes after initiation of treatment greatly overestimate the efficacy of thrombolytic regimens, as this conventional angiographic "snapshot" view does not satisfactorily reflect the dynamic processes of coronary artery recanalization and reocclusion or the adequacy of myocardial perfusion. In fact, only the unusual patient appears to achieve optimal reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction, with a substantial deterioration of benefit in many patients due to insufficiently early or rapid recanalization, incomplete patency with TIMI grade 2 flow or critical residual coronary stenoses, absence of myocardial tissue reflow despite epicardial artery patency, intermittent coronary patency, subsequent reocclusion, or reperfusion injury. Recently developed techniques to critically assess the quality of reperfusion, coupled with the introduction of novel pharmacological agents and an improved understanding of the roles and mechanisms of existing thrombolytic and adjunctive drugs, have provided the opportunity to overcome many of the present limitations of reperfusion therapy. Emerging strategies to achieve optimal reperfusion are directed at enhancement of the velocity and quality of thrombolysis, amelioration of the adverse effects of reperfusion, and use of alternative pathways to myocardial salvage.
Recent progress in compact thermal models (2003)

The paper presents a number of recent developments in compact thermal modelling. A substantial part is devoted to a discussion on the accuracy of boundary-condition-independent (BCI) compact thermal models (CTMs) in practical situations. It has been repeatedly shown that high accuracy can be obtained when comparing CTMs to detailed model results. However, these results are usually generated using certain assumptions. The validity of these assumptions is the main subject of this paper. An important conclusion is that the 'traditionally' generated CTMs perform very well in 'real-life' environments. Other recent developments that are shortly reviewed are: progress in dynamic compact modelling, the possibility of parameterisation, experimental calibration, and standardisation of CTMs.