gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General purpose graphics processing unit speedup of integral relative electron density calculation for proton computed tomography (2009)

Currently proton dose calculations rely on X-ray computed tomography (CT), which limits their accuracy due to the physical interaction differences of protons and X-rays. To gain the maximum benefit from proton therapy, proton computed tomography (pCT) offers the opportunity to more accurately plan proton doses and to verify the correct proton beam delivery in the treatment position. A vital step in the reconstruction of a pCT image is the calculation of the integral relative electron densities, which must be known for each of the proton histories. This paper will focus on the hardware acceleration of the integral relative electron density calculation. The integral relative electron density requires the incoming and outgoing energies of the protons being tracked, which is given by the detectors.
Homoepitaxial graphene tunnel barriers for spin transport (2016)

Tunnel barriers are key elements for both charge-and spin-based electronics, offering devices with reduced power consumption and new paradigms for information processing. Such devices require mating dissimilar materials, raising issues of heteroepitaxy, interface stability, and electronic states that severely complicate fabrication and compromise performance. Graphene is the perfect tunnel barrier. It is an insulator out-of-plane, possesses a defect-free, linear habit, and is impervious to interdiffusion. Nonetheless, true tunneling between two stacked graphene layers is not possible in environmental conditions usable for electronics applications. However, two stacked graphene layers can be decoupled using chemical functionalization. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogenation or fluorination of graphene can be used to create a tunnel barrier. We demonstrate successful tunneling by measuring non-linear IV curves and a weakly temperature dependent zero-bias resistance. We demonstrate lateral transport of spin currents in non-local spin-valve structures, and determine spin lifetimes with the non-local Hanle effect. We compare the results for hydrogenated and fluorinated tunnel and we discuss the possibility that ferromagnetic moments in the hydrogenated graphene tunnel barrier affect the spin transport of our devices.
Hybrid Video-Quality-Estimation Model for IPTV Services (2009)

We propose a no reference hybrid video-quality-estimation model for estimating video quality by using quality features derived from received packet headers and video signals. Our model is useful as a quality monitoring tool for estimating the video quality during use of an Internet protocol television service. It takes into account video quality dependence on video content and can estimate video quality per content, which our previously developed packet-layer model cannot do. We conducted subjective quality assessments to develop the model and validated its quality-estimation accuracy. The quality-estimation results showed that the Pearson-correlation coefficients were larger than 0.9 and the quality-estimation errors were equivalent to the statistical uncertainty of subjective quality.
<title>Plasmonic nanophotonics: manipulating light and sensing molecules</title> (2002)

We show that plamonic nanomaterials allow the localization and guiding light, with high efficiency, and molecule sensing, with unsurpassed sensitivity. Two types of palsmonic naomaterials are considered: metal nanowires and fractal colloid aggregates. The electromagnetic field distribution for thin metal nanowires is found, by using the discrete dipole approximation. The plasmon polariton modes in wires are numerically simulated. These modes are found to be dependent on the incident light wavelength and direction of propagation. The existence of localized plasmon modes and strong local field enhancement in percolation nanowire composites is demonstrated. Novel left-handed materials in the near-infrared and visible are proposed based on nanowire composites. Dramatic enhancement in fractal colloid aggregates and, especially, in fractal-microcavity composites are discussed along with new potential applications of these plasmonic materials.
A hyperactive <i>piggyBac</i> transposase for mammalian applications (2011)

DNA transposons have been widely used for transgenesis and insertional mutagenesis in various organisms. Among the transposons active in mammalian cells, the moth-derived transposon piggyBac is most promising with its highly efficient transposition, large cargo capacity, and precise repair of the donor site. Here we report the generation of a hyperactive piggyBac transposase. The active transposition of piggyBac in multiple organisms allowed us to screen a transposase mutant library in yeast for hyperactive mutants and then to test candidates in mouse ES cells. We isolated 18 hyperactive mutants in yeast, among which five were also hyperactive in mammalian cells. By combining all mutations, a total of 7 aa substitutions, into a single reading frame, we generated a unique hyperactive piggyBac transposase with 17-fold and ninefold increases in excision and integration, respectively. We showed its applicability by demonstrating an increased efficiency of generation of transgene-free mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. We also analyzed whether this hyperactive piggyBac transposase affects the genomic integrity of the host cells. The frequency of footprints left by the hyperactive piggyBac transposase was as low as WT transposase (~1%) and we found no evidence that the expression of the transposase affects genomic integrity. This hyperactive piggyBac transposase expands the utility of the piggyBac transposon for applications in mammalian genetics and gene therapy.
In vitro selection of packaging sites in a double-stranded RNA virus (1997)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae double-stranded RNA virus ScVL1 recognizes a small sequence in the viral plus strand for both packaging and replication. Viral particles will bind to this viral binding sequence (VBS) with high affinity in vitro. An in vitro selection procedure has been used to optimize binding, and the sequences isolated have been analyzed for packaging and replication in vivo. The selected sequence consists of a stem with a bulged A residue topped by a loop of several bases. Four residues of the 18 bases are absolutely conserved for tight binding. These all fall in regions that appear to be single stranded. Eight more residues have preferred identities, and six of these are in the stem. The VBS is similar to the R17 bacteriophage coat protein binding site. Packaging and replication require tight binding to viral particles.
Hemicyanine Dye for Optical Recording (2001)

Abstract A hemicyanine dye was synthesized and investigated to apply for digital versatile disc recordable (DVD-R). The optimized dye showed excellent recording performance, which satisfies the specification of DVD-R. It was clearly shown that the hemicyanine dye is a promising candidate for optical recording material for DVD-R.
3‐Methyl‐3‐sulfanylhexan‐1‐ol as a Major Descriptor for the Human Axilla‐Sweat Odour Profile (2004)

This study sets out to redress the lack of knowledge in the area of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in axillary sweat malodour. Sterile odourless underarm sweat (500 ml) was collected from 30 male volunteers after excessive sweating. Five strains of bacteria, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Bacillus licheniformis, were isolated and characterised for their ability to generate an authentic axillary odour from the sweat material collected. As expected, all of the five bacterial strains produced strong sweat odours. Surprisingly, after extensive olfactive evaluation, the strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus produced the most sulfury sweat character. This strain was then chosen as the change agent for the 500 ml of odourless underarm sweat collected. After bacterial incubation, the 500-ml sample was further processed for GC-olfactometry (GC-O), GC/MS analysis. GC-O of an extract free of organic acids provided three zones of interest. The first was chicken-sulfury, the second zone was onion-like, and the third zone was sweat, clary sage-like. From the third zone, a new impact molecule, (R)- or (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, was isolated and identified by GC/MS, MD-GC, and GC AED (atomic emission detector). (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol was sniff-evaluated upon elution from a chiral GC column and was described as sweat and onion-like; its opposite enantiomer, (R)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, was described as fruity and grapefruit-like. The (S)-form was found to be the major enantiomer (75%).
Water Infiltration into a New Three-Layer Landfill Cover System (2016)

One of the main purposes of a landfill cover system is to minimize the migration of water into waste, known as percolation, and thereby reduce excessive leachate production. One possible way to achieve this goal is to use a two-layer cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBEs) for arid and semi-arid regions. For a humid climate or prolonged rainfall, the two-layer system with CCBEs is expected to lose its effectiveness for minimizing water percolation. A new three-layer landfill cover system is proposed and investigated for humid climates. This new system adds a fine-grained soil (i.e., clay) underneath a two-layer barrier with CCBE (i.e., a silt layer overlying a gravelly sand layer). The study is conducted by carrying out a one-dimensional (1D) water infiltration test in a soil column. The soil column was instrumented with tensiometers, heat dissipation matric potential sensors, and moisture probes to monitor the variations of pore-water pressure and water content with depth. The amount of water volume infiltrated into the soil during ponding was also monitored. In addition, transient seepage simulations were carried out to back-analyze the soil column test and to investigate the influence of saturated permeability of clay on the effectiveness of the three-layer system. Based on the 1D experiment and numerical analysis, no percolation was observed after 48 h of constant water ponding, which is equivalent to a rainfall return period of greater than 1,000 years. This is consistent with the results from the numerical back analysis. However, the upper two-layer capillary barrier is only effective for a rainfall return period of approximately 35 years. This indicates that the proposed bottom clay layer is necessary for a humid climate. Numerical parametric simulations reveal that with an increase of saturated clay permeability by three orders of magnitude (i.e., from 5.7×10−9 m/s to 5.7×10−6 m/s), the amount of percolation is approximately 0.1 mm after 12 h of constant water ponding, which is equivalent to a rainfall return period of greater than 1,000 years.
Development and Validation of a <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Whole‐Genome Screening Strategy (2020)

The immune response elicited by the protective whole-cell pertussis (wP) versus the less-protective acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine has been well characterized; however, important clinical problems remain unsolved, as the inability of the currently administered aP vaccine is resulting in the reemergence of clinical disease (i.e., whooping cough). Strong evidence has shown that original, childhood aP and wP priming vaccines provide a long-lasting imprint on the CD4+ T cells that impacts protective immunity. However, aP vaccination might prevent disease but not infection, which might also affect the breadth of responses to <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (BP) antigens. Thus, characterizing and defining novel targets associated with T cell reactivity are of considerable interest. Here, we compare the T cell reactivity of original aP and wP priming for different antigens contained or not contained in the aP vaccine and define the basis of a full-scale genomic map of memory T cell reactivity to BP antigens in humans. Our data show that the original priming after birth with aP vaccines has higher T cell reactivity than originally expected against a variety of BP antigens and that the genome-wide mapping of BP using an ex vivo screening methodology is feasible, unbiased, and reproducible. This could provide invaluable knowledge towards the direction of a new and improved pertussis vaccine design.
Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Reduction of NOx (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many studies suggest that lean-NO<sub>x</sub> SCR proceeds via oxidation of NO to NO<sub>2</sub> by oxygen, followed by the reaction of the NO<sub>2</sub> with hydrocarbons. On catalysts that are not very effective in catalyzing the equilibration of NO+O<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>, the rate of N<sub>2</sub> formation is substantially higher when the input NO<sub>x</sub> is NO<sub>2</sub> instead of NO. The apparent bifunctional mechanism in the SCR of NO<sub>x</sub> has prompted the use of mechanically mixed catalyst components, in which one component is used to accelerate the oxidation of NO to NO<sub>2</sub>, and another component catalyzes the reaction between NO<sub>2</sub> and the hydrocarbon. Catalysts that previously were regarded as inactive for NO<sub>x</sub> reduction could therefore become efficient when mixed with an oxidation catalyst. Preconverting NO to NO<sub>2</sub> opens the opportunity for a wider range of SCR catalysts and perhaps improves the durability of these catalysts. This paper describes the use of a non-thermal plasma as an efficient means for selective partial oxidation of NO to NO<sub>2</sub>. When combined with some types of SCR catalyst, the plasma can greatly enhance the NO<sub>x</sub> reduction and eliminate some of the deficiencies encountered in an entirely catalyst-based approach.</div>
Run-time voltage detection circuit for 3-D IC power delivery (2014)

An advantage of 3-D integrated circuits is the possibility to integrate heterogeneous technologies on separate device planes. The device planes are fabricated in different technologies operating at distinct power supply voltages. A mechanism to detect and set the power supply voltage of each domain within each device plane of a 3-D IC is described. The detection of the power supply voltage is achieved through the placement of a ring oscillator circuit in each voltage domain. The current is supplied at the set voltage to the device plane through dedicated power modules comprising of a frequency to voltage converter and a dependent voltage source placed on a dedicated power plane. The functionality of the supply voltage detection and delivery circuits is verified through SPICE simulation of the device plane (22 nm technology) and power plane (45 nm technology). The implementation of the proposed circuits for 3-D IC design facilitate a plug-and-play approach for the integration of heterogeneous technologies.
Context-adaptive recursive-filtering-based intra prediction in video coding (2019)

Conventional intra prediction modes in image and video coding generate an estimation of a target block by copying or projecting its causal neighboring pixels along certain angles. Such simple directional model does not work well for complex image structures. A set of context-adaptive intra prediction modes based on recursive filtering is proposed in this paper. The prediction of a block is generated by applying linear filtering over certain previously reconstructed or predicted pixels in the causal neighborhood of each pixel recursively. The filter coefficients are estimated with least squares optimization using previously reconstructed pixels in the above and/or left regions of the current block. The configurations for the filters such as filter taps, position of reference pixels, as well as the location and shape of the training regions are all flexible, making the proposed prediction modes highly adaptive to local image texture contexts. A data-driven approach is used to select the optimal subset of all the possible filter configurations while retaining as much coding gains as possible. The proposed approach is tested on the state-of-the-art AV1 video coding standard. AV1 supports sophisticated intra prediction tools such as recursive filtering, quadratic interpolation filtering, intra block-copy, and the palette mode. Experimental results show that the context-adaptive recursive-filtering-based intra prediction modes can achieve significant improvement in compression efficiency.
Nitric oxide‐mediated dispersal in single‐ and multi‐species biofilms of clinically and industrially relevant microorganisms (2009)

Strategies to induce biofilm dispersal are of interest due to their potential to prevent biofilm formation and biofilm-related infections. Nitric oxide (NO), an important messenger molecule in biological systems, was previously identified as a signal for dispersal in biofilms of the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, the use of NO as an anti-biofilm agent more broadly was assessed. Various NO donors, at concentrations estimated to generate NO levels in the picomolar and low nanomolar range, were tested on single-species biofilms of relevant microorganisms and on multi-species biofilms from water distribution and treatment systems. Nitric oxide-induced dispersal was observed in all biofilms assessed, and the average reduction of total biofilm surface was 63%. Moreover, biofilms exposed to low doses of NO were more susceptible to antimicrobial treatments than untreated biofilms. For example, the efficacy of conventional chlorine treatments at removing multi-species biofilms from water systems was increased by 20-fold in biofilms treated with NO compared with untreated biofilms. These data suggest that combined treatments with NO may allow for novel and improved strategies to control biofilms and have widespread applications in many environmental, industrial and clinical settings.
A Multifunctional Polymer Combining the Imidazole and Zwitterion Motifs as a Biocompatible Compact Coating for Quantum Dots (2015)

We introduce a set of multicoordinating imidazole- and zwitterion-based ligands suited for surface functionalization of quantum dots (QDs). The polymeric ligands are built using a one-step nucleophilic addition reaction between poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and distinct amine-containing functionalities. This has allowed us to introduce several imidazole anchoring groups along the polymer chain for tight coordination to the QD surface and a controllable number of zwitterion moieties for water solubilization. It has also permitted the introduction of reactive and biomolecular groups for further conjugation and targeting. The QDs capped with these new ligands exhibit excellent long-term colloidal stability over a broad range of pH, toward excess electrolyte, in cell-growth media, and in the presence of natural reducing agents such as glutathione. These QDs are also resistant to the oxidizing agent H2O2. More importantly, by the use of zwitterion moieties as the hydrophilic block, this polymer design provides QDs with a thin coating and compact overall dimensions. These QDs are easily self-assembled with full size proteins expressed with a polyhistidine tag via metal-histidine coordination. Additionally, the incorporation of amine groups allows covalent coupling of the QDs to the neurotransmitter dopamine. This yields redox-active QD platforms that can be used to track pH changes and detect Fe ions and cysteine through charge-transfer interactions. Finally, we found that QDs cap-exchanged with folic acid-functionalized ligands could effectively target cancer cells, where folate-receptor-mediated endocytosis of QDs into living cells was time- and concentration-dependent.
Interference suppression for MC-CDMA by frequency domain oversampling (2005)

A technique for interference suppression in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems is proposed which exploits the structural differences in signals that arrive at the receiver with Doppler shifts or carrier offsets. Oversampling the received signal in the frequency domain and properly combining the samples provides the interference suppression. The combining scheme increases the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) experienced by the desired user in the MC-CDMA system. Numerical results show that the proposed receiver significantly outperforms the conventional MC-CDMA receiver in many situations.
An effective BIST architecture for fast multiplier cores (1999)

Article Free Access Share on An effective BIST architecture for fast multiplier cores Authors: A. Paschalis Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, Greece Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, GreeceView Profile , D. Gizopoulos 4PLUS Technologies, Athens, Greece 4PLUS Technologies, Athens, GreeceView Profile , N. Kranitis Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, Greece Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, GreeceView Profile , M. Psarakis Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, Greece Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, GreeceView Profile , Y. Zorian LogicVision, San Jose, CA LogicVision, San Jose, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DATE '99: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in EuropeJanuary 1999 Pages 28–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307469Online:01 January 1999Publication History 11citation175DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads175Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Quasi dual-mode resonators (2002)

The paper discusses the concept of using two single-mode resonators to construct a quasi dual-mode resonator that has all the features of traditional dual-mode resonators. Two novel filter structures are presented in this paper that employs this concept; one employs planar type resonators and the other employs dielectric resonators. A new configuration for a single mode dielectric resonator is also proposed in this paper. The use of such type of resonators makes it possible to construct dielectric resonator filters that are much smaller in size than conventional TE/sub 01/ single mode resonators. Measured and theoretical results are presented to verify the concepts proposed in this paper.