gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mobile wearable wireless fetal heart monitoring system (2011)

A wireless and mobile system for concurrent non-invasive monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions is described. The end-to-end system consists of a wearable Doppler ultrasound and pressure sensing front-end equipped with short range radio, mobile cellular gateway for wide area communication, web server, and browser based user interface for remote monitoring and diagnostics. The system has been fully implemented, tested and characterized in benchtop tests. It has also been used to monitor pregnant women during feasibility trials in a clinical setup. In vivo experiments measuring heart rate and contraction using the system in parallel with a standard fetal monitoring device yielded concordance correlation coefficients of 88% and 94%, respectively.
Transmission Response Measurements of Frequency Translating Devices (1996)

This paper presents two methods for accurately determining the transmission response of frequency translating devices: an inferred response technique using a vector network analyzer, and a direct response technique utilizing a microwave transition analyzer. Tradeoffs between these two approaches are presented along with results for a 20 GHz downconverter. The emphasis here is on single-sideband converters, but the application to double-sideband converters is also described briefly.
Abstract LB-217: A universal cancer detection platform which measures telomerase activity from live circulating tumor cells captured on microfilter (2010)

Abstract Objective. · Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) quantified in cancer patients’ blood can predict disease outcome and response to therapy. However, the CTC analysis platforms currently used are expensive, labor-intense, operator-dependent, and only applicable to tumors of epithelial origin. To address these limitations, we engineered a universal cancer detection platform which measures telomerase activity from live circulating tumor cells captured on microfilter. Methodology: Microfilters were fabricated from parylene-C by a multi-step Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) technique and then connected to a constant low-pressure fluid delivery system. To optimize slot size and filtration pressure, PC3 prostate cancer cells were stained with live-cell dye (Calcein-AM) and spiked into whole blood. After filtration, the captured cells were counter-stained with dead-cell stain (propidium iodide, PI) and counted to determine capture efficiency, viability, and enrichment. Telomerase activity measurement was accomplished using blood spiked with cancer cell lines as well as actual patient samples. Briefly, 7.5 ml blood samples were depleted of red blood cells by ficoll gradient centrifugation, and the PBMC fraction was resuspended in PBS, captured on microfilter and lysed. Telomerase activity was assayed from the cell lysates using a modified quantitative PCR telomere repeat amplification protocol (qPCR-TRAP). Results: The optimized microfilter platform was capable of cell capture from 7.5 ml of whole blood in under 15 minutes, achieving 80% capture efficiency, 90% cell viability and 1500-fold sample enrichment. Importantly, the captured cells retained normal morphology by scanning electron microscopy and could be readily manipulated, further analyzed, or expanded on- or off-filter. Remarkably, telomerase activity was reliably detected by qPCR-TRAP from as few as 25 cancer cells spiked into 7.5 ml whole blood, as well as from actual CTCs in patient blood samples and even from single cancer cells captured on microfilter. Conclusions: We present a novel cancer biomarker platform capable of assaying telomerase activity in live CTCs captured on microfilter from human blood. This new technology can be used to elucidate the basic biology of cancer dissemination and also applied clinically to improve prognostication, treatment, or even early detection of common malignancies. It is fast and simple yet fully quantitative and applicable to nearly all solid tumor types, making microfilter telomerase analysis a truly universal and highly promising cancer biomarker platform. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-217.
Multistep process through which adenoviral vector vaccine overcomes anergy to tumor-associated antigens (2004)

Our goal in the present work was to characterize the multiple steps involved in overcoming the anergy that exists in tumor hosts to tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Our studies showed that the subcutaneous injection of the Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vector resulted in secretion of the TAA/ecdCD40L protein for at least 10 days from infected cells. Binding of the TAA/ecdCD40L protein to dendritic cells (DCs) resulted in the induction of CCR-7 chemokine receptor expression and cytokine release. This was followed by migration of the DCs to regional lymph nodes. Tetramer staining, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, and cytotoxicity assay all showed that the Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vector increased the levels of splenic CD8(+) T cells specific for the 2 TAAs (human MUC1 [hMUC1] and HPV E7) tested. Vaccination with the Ad-sighMUC1/ecdCD40L vector suppressed the growth of hMUC1 antigen-positive tumor cells in 100% of the test mice that were previously anergic to the hMUC1 antigen. These data suggest that Ad-sig-TAA-ecd/ecdCD40L vector injections may be of value in treating the many epithelial malignancies in which TAA-like hMUC1 is overexpressed.
BeTe/ZnSe graded band gap ohmic contacts to <i>p</i>-ZnSe (1994)

BeTe is not a very well known wide-band semiconductor. Due to the close lattice match to GaAs and ZnSe and p-type as-grown character, BexZn1−xTexSe1−x graded band-gap layers appear an ideal candidate for ohmic contact to p-type ZnSe based semiconductors. These contacts allow for an implementation of epitaxial structures of II-VI compound diode lasers entirely lattice matched to the GaAs substrate. The numerical calculations predict contact resistivity of BexZn1−xTexSe1−x graded gap contacts lower than ρc=10−4 Ω cm2 at acceptor doping level 1×1018 cm−3, which corresponds to a voltage drop across the contact layer of less than 0.1 V during lasing operation.
Multifunctional Acrylic Ether Monomers, Their Polymers, and Polymerizable Epoxide Derivatives From Simple Alpha-Substitution of Alkly Acrylates (1993)

Abstract : Our group has been exploring the synthesis of 1,1-disubstituted monomers and their polymers obtained via the DABCO catalyzed hydroxy-methylation of alkyl acrylates. Previous work in this area has involved complicated or low yield syntheses. We are using a simple, clean synthetic technique using paraformaldehyde and neat substrate to produce alkyl alpha(hydroxymethyl) acrylates, albeit in yields of only 25-30%. Conversion of the hydroxymethyl group with thionyl chloride gives a reactive allyl chloride which allows a wide range of ether forming reactions to be applied. The ether linkage is inherently more stable than the ester linkage and is much more flexible
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkene Epoxidation with <i>tert</i>‐Butyl Hydroperoxide as Oxidant (2004)

Abstract A ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of various olefins using tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant is reported. By applying ruthenium(pyridinebisoxazoline)‐(pyridinedicarboxylate) complexes 1 [Ru(pybox)(pydic), 1 ] as catalysts, aromatic and aliphatic olefins yielded the corresponding epoxides at room temperature in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities up to 65% ee. Slow addition of the stoichiometric oxidant significantly improved the yield and the chemoselectivity of the reaction.
Entropy/IP (2016)

In this paper, we introduce Entropy/IP: a system that discovers Internet address structure based on analyses of a subset of IPv6 addresses known to be active, i.e., training data, gleaned by readily available passive and active means. The system is completely automated and employs a combination of information-theoretic and machine learning techniques to probabilistically model IPv6 addresses. We present results showing that our system is effective in exposing structural characteristics of portions of the active IPv6 Internet address space, populated by clients, services, and routers.
An amorphous silicon blocking mask for MOSFET after gate channel implants and bipolar implants in advanced BiCMOS technology (2003)

A thin amorphous silicon layer is used to protect the gate oxide from subsequent photoresist, implantation, and cleans during BiCMOS processing. Channel implantation after gate oxidation may then be used to create a more localized dopant distribution under the gate, improving transistor performance without degrading the gate oxide integrity.
Acoustics-only based automatic phonetic baseform generation (2002)

Phonetic baseforms are the basic recognition units in most speech recognition systems. These baseforms are usually determined by linguists once a vocabulary is chosen and not modified thereafter. However, several applications, such as name dialing, require the user be able to add new words to the vocabulary. These new words are often names, or task-specific jargon, that have user-specific pronunciations. This paper describes a novel method for generating phonetic transcriptions (baseforms) of words based on acoustic evidence alone. It does not require either the spelling or any prior acoustic representation of the new word, is vocabulary independent, and does not have any linguistic constraints (pronunciation rules). Our experiments demonstrate the high decoding accuracies obtained when baseforms deduced using this approach are incorporated into our speech recognizer. Also, the error rates on the added words were found to be comparable to or better than when the baseforms were derived by hand.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting with quadratic RF phase for measurement of T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> simultaneously with δ<sub><i>f</i></sub>, T<sub>1</sub>, and T<sub>2</sub> (2018)

The proposed qRF-MRF method demonstrated the potential for simultaneous quantification of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> , T<sub>1</sub> , T<sub>2</sub> , and T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> tissue properties.
Generation and validation of a primary-tumor-derived four-gene prognostic signature for recurrence (R) of stages I/II colorectal cancer (CRC) following potentially curative resection (2009)

4035 Background: Current guidance for postoperative clinical management of stages I/II CRC patients (pts) is suboptimal. We hypothesized that a molecular prognostic test using primary CRC tissue would better predict the chances of tumor R within 3 years (y) than NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines. Methods: Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary adenocarcinoma tissues obtained at initial resection with curative intent were retrieved for 145 stage I/II (pT1–4 pN0 M0) CRC pts from multiple international sites; none had neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Pts had tumor R by 36 months (mo) or confirmed non-recurrence (NR) for ≥36 mo after surgery. Pts were stratified by R/NR status and then randomized to a Training Set (TSet) (n=73; 34R, 39NR) or Validation Set (VSet) (n=72; 33R, 39NR). Tumor gene expression was quantified by DASL assay (Illumina, San Diego) using a custom 512-gene panel. Genetic programming (GP), a machine-learning technique, defined 15 TSet genes as key for differentiating pts with R versus NR. Results: Successive GP analyses of TSet data evolved a prognostic signature that mathematically combined 4 of the 15 key genes identified. This selected dichotomous rule correctly classified 28/33 R and 35/39 NR VSet pts (85% sensitivity, 90% specificity). ‘High risk’ pts had a significantly higher probability of R by 36 mo than ‘low risk’ pts: 88% PPV, 88% NPV; relative risk (RR) 7.0 (95% CI: 3.1, 16.1; p<0.0001). RR by stage (I/II) = 7.00/7.28 and tumor site (colon/rectum) = 8.75/4.50. Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free survival: hazard ratio 11.8 (95% CI: 4.5, 31.1; p<0.0001). NCCN Guidelines (V.2.2008) correctly classified 24/33 R and 15/39 NR VSet pts: 73% sensitivity, 38% specificity, 50% PPV, 63% NPV; RR 1.33 (95% CI: 0.74, 2.40; p=0.32). Conclusions: A GP derived 4-gene prognostic test using FFPE tumor tissue can differentiate early stage CRC pts at high versus low risk for R within 3y better than current NCCN Guidelines. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Cloning and Molecular Characterization of an Immunogenic LigA Protein of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> (2002)

A clone expressing a novel immunoreactive leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein A of 130 kDa (LigA) from Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library with serum from a mare that had recently aborted due to leptospiral infection. LigA is encoded by an open reading frame of 3,675 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence consists of a series of 90-amino-acid tandem repeats. A search of the NCBI database found that homology of the LigA repeat region was limited to an immunoglobulin-like domain of the bacterial intimin binding protein of Escherichia coli, the cell adhesion domain of Clostridium acetobutylicum, and the invasin of Yersinia pestis. Secondary structure prediction analysis indicates that LigA consists mostly of beta sheets with a few alpha-helical regions. No LigA was detectable by immunoblot analysis of lysates of the leptospires grown in vitro at 30 degrees C or when cultures were shifted to 37 degrees C. Strikingly, immunohistochemistry on kidney from leptospira-infected hamsters demonstrated LigA expression. These findings suggest that LigA is specifically induced only in vivo. Sera from horses, which aborted as a result of natural Leptospira infection, strongly recognize LigA. LigA is the first leptospiral protein described to have 12 tandem repeats and is also the first to be expressed only during infection. Thus, LigA may have value in serodiagnosis or as a protective immunogen in novel vaccines.
Proliferative potential and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in lung cancer patients (2019)

Cell proliferation is potentially a new biomarker of response to ICIs in NSCLC and is applicable to PD-L1 negative tumors.
ORGANIC-BASED CORROSION-INHIBITING ADMIXTURE FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE (1992)

The article discusses corrosion-inhibiting admixtures for reinforcing steel, and describes a unique organic-based corrosion-inhibiting admixture (OCIA) which is a combination of amines and esters in a water medium for protecting steel reinforcement. The performance of the OCIA is discussed. Concrete treated with calcium nitrite-based corrosion-inhibiting admixture (CNA) is discussed. Chloride limits for CNA (chloride-to-nitirite ratios greater than 1.611 to 1 by weight will result in corrosion) is discussed, as well as the effect of OCIA on hardened properties, and the corrosion protection mechanism.
Polarization insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber (2011)

We present the simulation, implementation, and measurement of a polarization insensitive resonant metamaterial absorber in the terahertz region. The device consists of a metal/dielectric-spacer/metal structure allowing us to maximize absorption by varying the dielectric material and thickness and, hence, the effective electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. Experimental absorption of 77% and 65% at 2.12 THz (in the operating frequency range of terahertz quantum cascade lasers) is observed for a spacer of polyimide or silicon dioxide respectively. These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for thermally based terahertz imaging.
Light-emitting carbazole derivatives for electroluminescent materials (2002)

Amorphous carbazole derivatives containing peripheral diarylamines at the 3- and 6-positions and an ethyl or aryl substituent at the 9-position of the carbazole moiety have been synthesized. These new carbazole compounds (carbs) possess high glass transition temperatures (T<SUB>g</SUB>: 120- 194 degree(s)C) and high thermal decomposition temperatures (T<SUB>d</SUB>>450 degree(s)C). The compounds are weakly to moderately luminescent with the emission wavelength ranging from green to blue. Two types of light-emitting diodes (LED) were constructed from carb:(I)ITO/carb/TPBI/Mg:Ag and (II)ITO/carb/Alq<SUB>3</SUB>/Mg:Ag, where TPBI and Alq<SUB>3</SUB> are 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene and tris(8- hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, respectively. In type I devices the carb functions as the hole-transporting as well as emitting material. In type II devices either carb and/or Alq<SUB>3</SUB> is the light emitting material. Several green light-emitting devices exhibit exceptional maximum brightness and the physical performance is superior to those of typical green-light-emitting devices of the structure ITO/diamine/Alq<SUB>3</SUB>/Mg:Ag. Relation between the LUMO of the carb and the performance of the light-emitting diode is discussed.
Reliable Low Resolution OFDM Receivers via Deep Learning (2018)

This paper develops novel deep learning-based architectures and design methodologies for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver under the constraint of one-bit complex quantization. Single bit quantization greatly reduces complexity and power consumption, but makes accurate data detection difficult. This is particularly true for multicarrier waveforms, which have high peak-to-average ratio in the time domain and fragile subcarrier orthogonality in the frequency domain. The severe distortion for one-bit quantization typically results in an error floor even at moderately low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) such as 5 dB. A neural network-based receiver - specifically, an autoencoder - jointly learns a precoder and decoder for data symbol detection. Since quantization prevents end-to-end training, we propose a two-step sequential training policy for this model. Our proposed design achieves lower bit error rate (BER) in fading than unquantized (full-resolution) OFDM at average SNRs up to 10 dB.
Detection of biomolecules from solutions with high concentration of salts using probe electrospray and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2010)

Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a recently developed ionization technique which uses a solid needle or wire as sampling probe and ESI emitter instead of capillary. PESI is free from the clogging problem and it has high tolerance to salts and urea. We present herein a comparative study of the probe electrospray ionization (PESI) and nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI) for the measurement of biomolecules in the sample solutions with high concentrations of salts and urea. Our results show that PESI could provide equivalent ionization performance with nano-ESI, and in certain cases it could be superior to nano-ESI for the samples with high concentration (>100 mM) of salts and urea. Therefore, PESI can be useful for the direct analysis of cell/tissue extracts and protein digestion without or reduced procedures in sample purification.
The cotton fiber transcriptome (2005)

Among the longest cell types known in plants, cotton fibers are economically important seed trichomes that provide a unique single‐celled model system for studying fundamental biological processes. Functional genomic approaches have served to characterize dynamic changes to the cotton fiber transcriptome in response to developmental signals that control fiber morphogenesis at the level of a single cell. The genetic complexity of the fiber transcriptome is very high and accounts for as much as 45–50% of the genes in the cotton genome. In addition to a large diverse group of constitutively expressed genes, expression profiling of the transcriptome revealed two developmentally regulated stage‐specific expression patterns that define rapid cell elongation during primary cell wall (PCW) synthesis relative to secondary cell wall biogenesis. In developing cotton fibers, many fiber genes involved in PCW synthesis and turgor‐driven cell expansion are differentially expressed in a manner that parallels the growth rate. Characterization of the cotton fiber transcriptome has immediate applications in agricultural biotechnology and molecular breeding programs geared toward the genetic improvement of yield and fiber quality.
Polymethylsilsesquioxane Spherical Powders and Their Applications. (1993)

Cosmetic-grade polymetylsilsesquioxanes with chemical formula (CH3 SiO1⋅5) n have been developed. Owing to their unique structure and shape, they have excellent lubricity, water repellency, flowability, resistance to heat and solvent, and low toxicity.Our tests have shown that these powders, when used in make-up, skin care products and antiperspirants, give smoother application to the skin, lips and hair. Furthermore these products prevent agglomerization of pigments and powders to improve flowability.The shape of these powders remains unchanged when exposed to heat during the manufacturing process, and when added to cyclomethicone, and other solvents.The use of spherical polymethylsilsesquioxane powders are recognized as effective additives for use in many cosmetic products.
Bis(Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene) Ruthenium Complexes: A Versatile, Highly Efficient Tool for Olefin Metathesis (2016)

The state-of-the-art in olefin metathesis is application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-containing ruthenium alkylidenes for the formation of internal C=C bonds and of cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC)-containing ruthenium benzylidenes in the production of terminal olefins. A straightforward synthesis of bis(CAAC)Ru indenylidene complexes, which are highly effective in the formation of both terminal and internal C=C bonds at loadings as low as 1 ppm, is now reported.
Cooperative autonomous driving for traffic congestion avoidance through vehicle-to-vehicle communications (2017)

In this paper, we consider the problem of cooperative driving for connected autonomous vehicles to reduce traffic congestion. The connected autonomous vehicles are able to exchange information as well as driving intentions with surrounding vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. We define three driving conditions for a given vehicle, namely, maximum, deadlock, and freerun, in which a deadlock condition implies that the vehicle is in a congestion condition that cannot be resolved alone. For the purpose of improving overall traffic flow, we design a strategy called Altruistic Cooperative Driving (ACD), in which a connected autonomous vehicle can automatically identify a deadlock condition and form a multi-vehicle coordination group to resolve the deadlock through a cooperative maneuver procedure. The proposed ACD is evaluated in our traffic simulator in terms of speed efficiency and communication traffic between the connected autonomous vehicles. The results show that ACD can improve speed efficiency and successfully resolve traffic congestion caused by deadlock conditions.