gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
43Dynamic atrioventricular delay achieves superior electrical synchrony when pacing both ventricles rather than left ventricle alone (2020)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Abbott Introduction Automatic adjustment of atrioventricular delay (AVD) with SyncAV has been shown to improve electrical synchronization when pacing one or two sites in the left ventricle together with the right ventricle. However, it is unknown if the same benefit can be gained by using SyncAV while pacing only the left ventricle without right ventricular pacing. Purpose Evaluate the acute improvement in electrical synchrony provided by SyncAV with and without MultiPoint Pacing (MPP) during biventricular (BiV) and LV only pacing. Methods Patients with LBBB and QRS duration (QRSd) ≥ 150 ms scheduled for CRT-P/D device implantation with quadripolar LV lead were enrolled in this prospective study. QRSd was measured post-implant from 12-lead surface electrograms by blinded experts during the following pacing configurations: intrinsic conduction, conventional BiV (BiV = RV + LV1), MPP (MPP = RV + LV1 + LV2), LV-only single-site (LVSS = LV1 only), and LV-only MPP (LVMPP = LV1 + LV2). For each pacing mode, SyncAV was enabled (e.g. BiV + SyncAV) with the patient-tailored SyncAV offset that minimized QRSd. As an additional reference, QRSd during BiV was also measured using the nominal static AVD (paced/sensed AVD = 140/110 ms). BiV and LVSS pacing used the latest activating LV cathode, whereas MPP and LVMPP used the two LV cathodes with the widest possible separation (&gt;30mm). All configurations used the minimum programmable RV-LV and LV1-LV2 delays. Results Thirty-five patients (78% male, 33% ischemic, 26% ejection fraction, 165 ms intrinsic QRSd) completed device implant and QRSd assessment. Relative to intrinsic conduction, BiV with nominal AVD reduced the QRSd by 17.5% (p &lt; 0.001 vs intrinsic). Enabling SyncAV with a patient-optimized offset significantly improved QRSd reduction. BiV + SyncAV reduced QRSd by 25.2% (p &lt; 0.001 vs. BiV). The greatest QRSd reduction of 28.9% was achieved by MPP + SyncAV (p &lt; 0.01 vs. BiV + SyncAV). Single- and multi-site LV-only pacing reduced QRSd significantly less than corresponding biventricular modes. LVSS + SyncAV reduced QRSd by 22.5% (p &lt; 0.05 vs. BiV + SyncAV), and LVMPP + SyncAV reduced QRSd by 24.3% (p &lt; 0.05 vs. MPP + SyncAV). As a percent of PR interval, optimal SyncAV offsets were similar for BiV + SyncAV (median: 13%, mean: 17%) vs. MPP + SyncAV (median: 13%, mean 16%, p = 0.35 vs. BiV + SyncAV), and similar for LVSS + SyncAV (median: 20%, mean: 28%) and LVMPP + SyncAV (median: 23%, mean: 26%, p = 0.35 vs. LVSS + SyncAV), but were significantly higher for LV-only settings vs. corresponding BiV/MPP settings (p &lt; 0.01 for both pairs). Conclusion: Greater improvement in electrical synchrony using SyncAV was observed when right ventricular pacing was included with left ventricular pacing. Additional benefit was gained by the addition of a second left ventricular pacing site with MPP in combination with SyncAV in both biventricular and LV only pacing modes. Abstract Figure.
An integrated spatial signature analysis and automatic defect classification system (1997)

An integrated Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA) and automatic defect classification (ADC) system for improved automatic semiconductor wafer manufacturing characterization is presented. Both concepts of SSA and ADC methodologies are reviewed and then the benefits of an integrated system are described, namely, focused ADC and signature-level sampling. Focused ADC involves the use of SSA information on a defect signature to reduce the number of possible classes that an ADC system must consider, thus improving the ADC system performance. Signature-level sampling improved the ADC system throughput and accuracy by intelligently sampling defects within a given spatial signature for subsequent off-line, high-resolution ADC. A complete example of wafermap characterization via an integrated SSA/ADC system is presented where a wafer with 3274 defects is completely characterized by revisiting only 25 defects on an off-line ADC review station. 13 refs., 7 figs.
Advances in adenoviral vectors for cancer gene therapy (1997)

Delineation of the molecular basis of cancer affords the possibility of specific intervention at the molecular level for therapeutic purposes. To this end, viral and non-viral vectors have been designed for delivery and expression of genes into target malignant and non-malignant cells. Gene transfer by available vectors, applied in both the ex vivo and in vivo contexts, has resulted frequently in the desired cellular phenotypical changes. In this regard, recombinant adenoviruses have been particularly efficient for in vivo gene transfer. Importantly, numerous human clinical protocols using adenoviruses have rapidly entered into Phase I clinical trials. However, major vector-related problems remain to be solved before the transfer of therapeutic genes by adenoviruses can become an effective and common place strategy for cancer treatment. An overriding obstacle is the basic ability to deliver therapeutic genes quantitatively, and specifically, into tumour cells. In addition, transgene expression in transduced target cells has not been prolonged enough for certain applications. The short-term expression is due both to the adenoviral non-integrative life cycle and to potent inflammatory and immunological responses against the vector and transgene. Here we review a number of diverse advances in the design of adenoviral vectors for overcoming these obstacles. As vector technology fulfils these requirements for obtaining the ‘targetable-injectable’ vector, it is anticipated that promising results already observed in preclinical studies will translate quickly into the clinic.
Object tracking with Bayesian estimation of dynamic layer representations (2002)

Decomposing video frames into coherent 2D motion layers is a powerful method for representing videos. Such a representation provides an intermediate description that enables applications such as object tracking, video summarization and visualization, video insertion, and sprite-based video compression. Previous work on motion layer analysis has largely concentrated on two-frame or multi-frame batch formulations. The temporal coherency of motion layers and the domain constraints on shapes have not been exploited. This paper introduces a complete dynamic motion layer representation in which spatial and temporal constraints on shape, motion and layer appearance are modeled and estimated in a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) framework using the generalized expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. In order to limit the computational complexity of tracking arbitrarily shaped layer ownership, we propose a shape prior that parameterizes the representation of shape and prevents motion layers from evolving into arbitrary shapes. In this work, a Gaussian shape prior is chosen to specifically develop a near-real-time tracker for vehicle tracking in aerial videos. However, the general idea of using a parametric shape representation as part of the state of a tracker is a powerful one that can be extended to other domains as well. Based on the dynamic layer representation, an iterative algorithm is developed for continuous object tracking over time. The proposed method has been successfully applied in an airborne vehicle tracking system. Its performance is compared with that of a correlation-based tracker and a motion change-based tracker to demonstrate the advantages of the new method. Examples of tracking when the backgrounds are cluttered and the vehicles undergo various rigid motions and complex interactions such as passing, turning, and stop-and-go demonstrate the strength of the complete dynamic layer representation.
Direct Method for Optimization of a Centrifugal Compressor Vaneless Diffuser (2000)

A Direct Method for Optimization (DMO) is developed for investigating pressure rise and energy loss in a vaneless diffuser of a generic compressor used in shipboard air-conditioning systems. The scheme uses Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) results and evaluates gradients of a predetermined objective function. The current Direct Method for Optimization differs from the popular Inverse Design Method in the process of obtaining final configurations and in the final configurations obtained. The Direct Method for Optimization achieves a final shape from maximizing/minimizing a nonlinear function; i.e., the objective function. Both gradient and non-gradient Direct Methods for Optimization are compared with respect to accuracy and efficiency. The coupled DMO/RANS optimization code is benchmarked using a plane turbulent diffuser also investigated by Zhang et al. using an adjoint method. The benchmark indicates that if a global optimum exists, the result should be independent of the methodologies or design parameters used. The DMO/RANS method is applied to redesign a 3-D centrifugal vaneless diffuser used in a modern generic compressor. The objective function is a composite function of the diffuser’s pressure rise and total energy loss. The new optimum diffuser has a minimum width at a location far beyond the conventional diffuser pinch point. The new diffuser also provides an efficient section for pressure recovery, which takes place after the minimum width location. Test data for the new diffuser validates the current approach at the design condition. Furthermore, improved performance is also recorded experimentally at off-design conditions for the optimized diffuser.
New dynamic SPT algorithm based on a ball-and-string model (1999)

A key functionality in today's widely used interior gateway routing protocols such as OSPF and IS-IS involves the computation of a shortest path tree (SPT). In many existing commercial routers, the computation of an SPT is done from scratch following changes in the link states of the network. As there may coexist multiple SPTs in a network with a set of given link states, such recomputation of an entire SPT not only is inefficient but also causes frequent unnecessary changes in the topology of an existing SPT and creates routing instability. This paper presents a new dynamic SPT algorithm that makes use of the structure of the previously computed SPT. This algorithm is derived by recasting the SPT problem into an optimization problem in a dual linear programming framework, which can also be interpreted using a ball-and-string model. In this model, the increase (or decrease) of an edge weight in the tree corresponds to the lengthening (or shortening) of a string. By stretching the strings until each node is attached to a tight string, the resulting topology of the model defines an (or multiple) SPT(s). By emulating the dynamics of the ball-and-string model, we can derive an efficient algorithm that propagates changes in distances to all affected nodes in a natural order and in a most economical way. Compared with existing results, our algorithm has the best-known performance in terms of computational complexity as well as minimum changes made to the topology of an SPT. Rigorous proofs for correctness of our algorithm and simulation results illustrating its complexity are also presented.
High-frequency membrane hydrophone (1996)

A membrane hydrophone with a 37-/spl mu/m diameter spot poled electrode has been fabricated on a 4-/spl mu/m-thick film of the piezoelectric copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), and initially characterized. The hydrophone has an effective spot size of less than 100 /spl mu/m, an on-membrane +7-dB gain buffer amplifier, and a -3-dB bandwidth of 150 MHz. The acoustic properties of the hydrophone were investigated with a transducer equivalent circuit model, the electric fringe fields due to poling were characterized with a finite difference electrostatic field model, and the effective spot diameters 2a/sub 3/ and 2a/sub 6/ were estimated. Measurements on the bandwidth, effective spot size, and sensitivity are presented. This hydrophone appears suitable for the characterization of both the frequency and spatial parameters of high-frequency transducers such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter transducers operating in the 10-40 MHz range.
A quick and inexpensive method to identify false critical paths using ATPG techniques: an experiment with a PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor (2002)

Static timing analysis tools are used by designers of high speed/high performance circuits to determine whether timing requirements are met. Timing analysis tools can report critical paths which are characterized by a transition on each node along the path, however, they cannot generate a "witness" vector which would sensitize that path. This gives rise to the possibility of having paths which are reported by the static timing analysis tool as potential critical paths, whereas there exists no vector sequence which can sensitize them. Our goal is to identify these "false critical timing paths" safely and without much overhead, so that the efforts needed to redesign and/or optimize critical paths can be reduced. We have devised a simple technique using a tool that we have written and a commercial ATPG tool to meet this goal. We applied the technique on the state of the art fourth generation MPC7400 PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor designed at Motorola's PowerPC Design Center in Austin, TX. Our initial experimental results show the effectiveness of the technique. The salient features of the technique are that it is both quick and inexpensive.
A volcano curve: optimizing methanol electro-oxidation on Pt-decorated Ru nanoparticles (2009)

Controlled Pt adlayers were deposited on commercial Ru nanoparticles (NPs) using an industrially scalable one-pot ethylene glycol (EG) reduction based method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical (EC) CO stripping voltammetry, inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with the previously used "spontaneous deposition", the wet chemistry-based EG method is less technically demanding, i.e. no need to handle high-temperature hydrogen reduction, offers a better control of the Pt packing density (PD), enables the formation of stable, segregated Pt surface adlayers for optimal tuning and use of Pt, and effectively prevents NPs sintering. Two batches of a total of 11 (8 vs. 3) samples with different values of Pt PD ranging from 0.05 to 0.93 were prepared, with a time interval of more than 18 months between the sytheses of the two batches of samples, and an excellent reproducibility of results was observed. All samples were investigated in terms of methanol (MeOH) electro-oxidation (EO) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Although the peak current of CV increased as the Pt content increased, the long-term steady-state MeOH electro-oxidation current density of the Pt-decorated Ru NPs measured by CA showed a volcano curve as a function of the Pt PD, with the maximum appearing at the PD of 0.31. The optimal peak activity was approximately 150% higher than that of the industrial benchmark PtRu (1 : 1) alloy NPs and could deliver the same performance at half the electrode material cost. Fundamentally, such a volcano curve in the reaction current is the result of two competing processes of the EO of MeOH: the triple dehydrogenation of MeOH that prefers more Pt ensemble sites, and the elimination of poisonous CO that is enhanced by more adjacent Ru/Pt sites via the so-called bifunctional mechanism and also by possible electronic effects at low Pt coverages.
Inheritance of Palmitic and Stearic Acid Mutants of Soybean (1989)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with increased levels of palmitic or stearic acid in the seed oil could reduce the need for chemical modifications during processing for some vegetable oil products. Mutants with altered levels of the fatty acids were developed by artificial mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Four of the mutants had 128 to 182 g kg −1 palmitic acid compared with 90 to 100 g kg −1 in their parents, and four mutants had 132 to 301 g kg −1 stearic acid compared with 33 to 51 g kg −1 in their parents. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of palmitic or stearic acid in the seed oil of the eight mutants. Reciprocal crosses were made between each mutant and the cultivar Coles, among three of the palmitic mutants, and between the high‐stearic acid line A6 and the four stearic mutants. Fatty acid analysis of the parents and F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 generations indicated that the allele controlling low palmitic and low stearic acid in Coles exhibited partial dominance to the alleles in PA1, PA2, PA3, ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4 and no dominance to the allele in PA4. The crosses between A6 and the stearic mutants indicated that the alleles controlling high stearic acid in ST1, ST3, and ST4 occurred at the same locus as the fas a allele in A6 and that the allele in ST2 may occur at a different locus. Significant maternal and cytoplasmic effects on palmitic and stearic acid content were not confirmed in any of the mutants.
Read/write operation of spin-based MOSFET using highly spin-polarized ferromagnet/MgO tunnel barrier for reconfigurable logic devices (2009)

For future high-performance reconfigurable logic devices, we developed a novel spin-based MOSFET; ¿Spin-Transfer-Torque-Switching MOSFET (STS-MOSFET)¿ that enables the read/write performance and memorization of the configuration with nonvolatility by using the ferromagnetic electrodes and the spin-polarized current through Si channel and spin-transfer torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) on the source/drain. The read/write operation of the STS-MOSFET was first demonstrated in this work. The highly spin-polarized ferromagnet/MgO tunnel barrier electrodes and the MTJs using their structure for the source/drain showed great possibility to realize our proposed STS-MOSFET and to enhance their performance.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Urea-Containing Pyrazoles as Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (2011)

A series of dual inhibitors containing a 1,5-diarylpyrazole and a urea were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as novel COX-2/sEH dual inhibitors in vitro using recombinant enzyme assays and in vivo using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced model of pain in rats. The best inhibition potencies and selectivity for sEH and COX-2 over COX-1 were obtained with compounds (21b, 21i, and 21j) in which both the 1,5-diaryl-pyrazole group and the urea group are linked with a three-methylene group. Compound 21i showed the best pharmacokinetic profiles in both mice and rats (higher AUC and longer half-life). Following subcutaneous administration at 10 mg/kg, compound 21i exhibited antiallodynic activity that is more effective than the same dose of either a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) or a sEH inhibitor (t-AUCB) alone, as well as coadministration of both inhibitors. Thus, these novel dual inhibitors exhibited enhanced in vivo antiallodynic activity in a nociceptive behavioral assay.
(Hydroxyimino)Phosphonoacetic Acids: Synthesis, Stereochemistry and Reactivity (1996)

Abstract Individual E/Z isomers of the C-methyl ester 1 of α-(hydroxyimino)phosphonoacetic acid (“troika acid”) were recently prepared as dicyclohexylammonium salts and found to be stable at neutral pH.1 On alkaline demethylation followed by pH adjustment to 6–7, E−1 and Z−1 stereospecifically undergo P-Cαand Cα-Cβ cleavage, respectively.1 Herein we report synthesis of the corresponding P-methyl ester from trimethyl phos-phonoacetate 2. The product was isolated as its bis-DCHA+ salt E-3, with stereochemistry assigned by NMR.2
Recovery of solids from melamine waste effluents and their conversion to useful products (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRecovery of solids from melamine waste effluents and their conversion to useful productsShawqui M. Lahalih and M. Absi-HalabiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 4, 500–504Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00088a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00088a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of aqueous glucose in a model anterior chamber using Raman spectroscopy (2002)

Abstract Many laboratories have been developing techniques that might be applied toward a non‐invasive device that could optically measure aqueous humor glucose in the eye as a surrogate for blood glucose. We have configured a confocal Raman microscope that is capable of acquiring the Raman spectra of the aqueous humor in vivo . However, because of the potential for optical toxicity, a major design consideration is evaluating the tradeoff between the energy of exposure and measurement accuracy. Toward this end, we have developed a physical model of the anterior chamber in the eye for studying the feasibility of using a confocal Raman microscope for determining the concentration of glucose and other metabolites. The Raman spectrum of aqueous humor closely resembles the spectrum of its four primary Raman scatterers, (glucose, urea, lactate and ascorbate) mixed in normal saline. Aqueous mixtures of these analytes were placed under a contact lens resting on a quartz plate to form a physical model of the anterior chamber filled with aqueous humor. Calibration standards were prepared by non‐collinearly varying the measured concentrations of the analytes over a range of 0–13 times the mean physiological levels found in aqueous humor. A confocal microscope was used to acquire spectra using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The accuracy to which the concentration with analytes could be optically measured was evaluated using the partial least‐squares (PLS) algorithm and spectral datasets collected using exposure energies of 75, 150, 300, 900, and 1800 mJ. The optimum standard error of prediction (SEP) obtained for glucose was 34.3 mg dl −1 (2.72% of full range) using a 12‐factor PLS model calculated using intensity‐normalized spectra acquired over a free spectral range of 400–1800 cm −1 with 900 mJ excitation energy. Clinically acceptable predictability (4.6%) was obtained with 300 mJ total excitation energy. Similar results were obtained for urea (SEP = 8.84 mg dl −1 , 1.88%), ascorbate (SEP = 17.1 mg dl −1 , 8.22%) and lactate (SEP = 82.9 mg dl −1 , 7.59%) using 900 mJ exposure. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy may provide a feasible method of non‐invasive glucose measurement if ocular toxicity can be avoided. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.