gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and application of a quantitative, specific assay for Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst detection in high-turbidity environmental water samples. (2001)

Chlorine-resistant Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in drinking water play an important role in the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. Current methods of detecting these organisms in water are insensitive, labor-intensive, highly subjective, and severely limited by sample turbidity. We describe here an alternative technique utilizing electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology for detecting C. parvum oocysts in environmental water samples. This method is quantitative, reproducible, and requires only minimal sample processing. Currently, the ECL assay can detect as few as one oocyst in one milliliter of concentrated test sample with sample turbidity of up to 10,000 nephelometric turbidity units. Water and sewer samples collected during a cryptosporidiosis outbreak were tested by ECL assay. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were found in the source water at the time of outbreak, and a sharply decreasing level of oocysts in sewer samples was observed over a three-month period following the outbreak.
Chiral synthesis via organoboranes. 30. Facile synthesis, by the Matteson asymmetric homologation procedure, of .alpha.-methyl boronic acids not available from asymmetric hydroboration and their conversion into the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines of high enantiomeric purity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral synthesis via organoboranes. 30. Facile synthesis, by the Matteson asymmetric homologation procedure, of .alpha.-methyl boronic acids not available from asymmetric hydroboration and their conversion into the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines of high enantiomeric purityMilind V. Rangaishenvi, Bakthan Singaram, and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 10, 3286–3294Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00010a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00010a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1087Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Direct Synthesis of Fluorescent 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene Derivatives via Click–Cyclization–Aromatization Cascade Reaction (2011)

An efficient and versatile method was established for the preparation of 1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes. The 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene skeleton without an additional fused ring system was discovered to be a compact and highly fluorescent chromophore, which exhibited various interesting fluorescent properties such as a noteworthy correlation of luminescent wavelength with the Hammett σ(p) value and a strongly positive solvatofluorochromism.
Prospective motion correction using inductively coupled wireless RF coils (2013)

Prospective motion correction using wireless markers enables high quality images to be acquired even during bulk motions. Wireless markers are small, avoid radio-frequency safety risks from electrical cables, are not hampered by mechanical connections to the scanner, and require minimal setup times. These advantages may help to facilitate adoption in the clinic.
A kinetic colorimetric procedure for quantifying magnesium in serum. (1986)

We have developed a kinetic colorimetric procedure for determination of magnesium in serum. The magnesium-dependent enzyme glycerol kinase is used to phosphorylate glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate, the latter being oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide by glycerophosphate oxidase. The generated hydrogen peroxide is then reduced by peroxidase with the simultaneous oxidative coupling of 4-aminoantipyrine and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate, producing a red reaction product with an absorption maximum at 510 nm. The rate of color production is proportional to the concentration of the Mg X ATP complex, which is, in turn, proportional to the magnesium concentration in serum. This method is rapid and precise, avoids the use of expensive instrumentation, is easily automated, and results compare well with those by the Du Pont aca and manual Magon sulfonate methods.
Pilgrim tracking and identification using the mobile phone (2011)

This paper describes a system developed for the tracking and identification of pilgrims in the Holy areas, in Makkah-Saudi Arabia, during Hajj (Pilgrimage). The area is already covered by a sophisticated 3.5G network by several service providers. Upon request or periodically, the mobile phone sends its UID, latitude, longitude, and time stamp. A server maps the latitude and longitude information on a Google map or any geographical information system. If the Internet connection is lost the mobile phone stores the location information in its memory until the Internet connection is restored, then it sends all stored location information and clears this information from memory. The developed system can be used to track a specific pilgrim. Alternatively any pilgrim can request emergency help using the same system. The developed system works in coordination with an RFID identification system that was proposed earlier. The developed system was tested successfully during the recent pilgrimage season.
Carrier‐Selective Traps: A New Approach for Fabricating Circuit Elements with Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors (2017)

Ambipolar polymer semiconductors and molecular additives (acting as carrier-selective traps) can be solution processed to control ambipolar charge transport capabilities. By selecting materials with appropriate energy level offsets, unipolar n-type or p-type transport can be realized from a single ambipolar polymer. Efficient complementary inverters with high gain are fabricated using this approach.
Inter-Thread Communication in Multithreaded, Reconfigurable Coarse-Grain Arrays (2018)

Traditional von Neumann GPGPUs only allow threads to communicate through memory on a group-to-group basis. In this model, a group of producer threads writes intermediate values to memory, which are read by a group of consumer threads after a barrier synchronization. To alleviate the memory bandwidth imposed by this method of communication, GPGPUs provide a small scratchpad memory that prevents intermediate values from overloading DRAM bandwidth. In this paper we introduce direct inter-thread communications for massively multithreaded CGRAs, where intermediate values are communicated directly through the compute fabric on a point-to-point basis. This method avoids the need to write values to memory, eliminates the need for a dedicated scratchpad, and avoids workgroup global barriers. We introduce our proposed extensions to the programming model (CUDA) and execution model, as well as the hardware primitives that facilitate the communication. Our simulations of Rodinia benchmarks running on the new system show that direct inter-thread communication provides an average speedup of 2.8x (10.3x max) and reduces system power by an average of 5x (22x max), when compared to an equivalent Nvidia GPGPU.
Interaction of bis(platinum) complexes with the mononucleotide 5'-guanosine monophosphate. Effect of diamine linker and the nature of the bis(platinum) complex on product formation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of bis(platinum) complexes with the mononucleotide 5'-guanosine monophosphate. Effect of diamine linker and the nature of the bis(platinum) complex on product formationYun Qu and Nicholas FarrellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 4851–4857Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00013a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Passivating/Antireflective Coatings for Space Solar Cells (2005)

We are developing a novel process to grow passivating/antireflective (AR) coatings for terrestrial and space solar cells. Our approach involves a Room Temperature Wet Chemical Growth (RTWCG) process, which was pioneered, and is under development at SPECMAT, Inc., under a Reimbursable Space Act Agreement with NASA Glenn Research Center. The RTWCG passivating/AR coatings with graded index of refraction are applied in one easy step on finished (bare) cells. The RTWCG coatings grown on planar, textured and porous Si, as well as on poly-Si, CuInSe2, and III-V substrates, show excellent uniformity irrespective of surface topography, crystal orientation, size and shape. In this paper we present some preliminary results of the RTWCG coatings on Si and III-V substrates that show very good potential for use as a passivation/AR coating for space solar cell applications. Compared to coatings grown using conventional techniques, the RTWCG coatings have the potential to reduce reflection losses and improve current collection near the illuminated surface of space solar cells, while reducing the fabrication costs.
Analysis of Antibody Response to Invariable Regions of VlsE, the Variable Surface Antigen of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1999)

VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, consists of two invariable domains at the amino and carboxyl termini and one central variable domain. The latter contains six invariable regions, IR(1) to IR(6), and six variable regions. In the present study, the antigenicity of all of the invariable regions in B. burgdorferi-infected monkeys, humans, and mice was assessed by peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Only one invariable region, IR(6), was antigenic in all animals of the three host species. IR(2) and IR(4) were also antigenic in mice.
A compact and high gain image amplifier in Yb-doped multi-core phosphate fiber (2005)

Compact, high electrical plug-in efficiency, and high gain optical image amplifiers are of great interest in laser tracking and pointing of remote targets for space surveillance and control applications. More generally, phasepreserving image amplifiers are important for coherent light image processing. In this paper, we report an image amplifier based on Yb-doped phosphate fiber combining the high gain, low noise, and high efficiency of cladding pumped fiber amplifiers with the imaging properties of coherent fiber bundles. Because the cores may be made to support single mode amplification, the image amplifier preserves the phase of the input image. The 3 ⨉ 3 array structure consists of 9 active cores with 6μm diameter placed on a square grid with a center-to-center spacing of 14μm. The separation between the cores is designed to ensure no optical cross coupling between adjacent cores. High ytterbium doped phosphate fiber allows for high gain per unit length without the deleterious effects of ion clustering. The outer shape of the 9-core array pump waveguide is circular with 70 μm diameter. The outer diameter of the fiber is 120μm. Figure 1 shows a cross section of the 9-core cladding pumped image amplifying fiber.
A GMCSF/Interleukin-15 Fusokine Leads to the Generation of a Novel Type of CD2/MHCII Immune Regulatory Cell with Potent Immune Suppressive Properties as Demonstrated in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. (2007)

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the infiltration of autoreactive T-cell causing damages to the central nervous system. So far, interferon-β and glatiramer acetate are the only two immunomodulatory coumpounds that have been approved as non-curative disease managing strategies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel efficient therapies that can be both safe and potent in inhibiting MS progression and promote reversal of disease state. We have recently published a report describing a novel synthetic GMCSF and IL15 Fusion Transgene (GIFT15) and have described its paradoxical and potent immune suppressive properties in vivo [Rafei et al., Blood (March 2007)]. Its mechanism of action relies on STAT3 hyperactivation arising from aberrant signalling taking place downstream of the IL15 receptor. We have now further studied the effect of GIFT15 on mouse spleen cells in vitro and here demonstrate that it leads to the conversion of murine T-cells to a novel suppressive regulatory cell type. Indeed, GIFT15-treated splenocytes (hereafter GIFT15 regs) shed their TCR and loose expression of CD3, CD4 and CD8, retain CD2 expression and acquire expression of MHC II. Distinct to classic T-regulatory cells, GIFT15 regs do not express CD25 or FOXP3. GIFT15 regs were able to suppress an in vitro two-way MLR by a contact-dependent mechanism as well as by the contemporaneous production of interleukin (IL)-10. Furthermore, GIFT15 regs were able to block antigen-specific activation of CD4-T-cells in response to autologous macrophage stimulation. As a proof-of-principle in vivo study, GIFT15 regs were injected intravenously in mice with pre-established experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) and disease score was monitored over time. Interestingly, mice recovered significantly faster than controls following administration GIFT15 regs and a blockade in EAE progression was also noticed over time. In conclusion, our data suggests that GIFT15 can be used as a method to ex vivo generate suppressor cells of a new type which are distinct from classic Tregs or Tr1 cells. We propose that GIFT15 regs derived from autologous lymphocytes may be exploited for the treatment of autoimmune disease such as MS and may also be of use for other autoimmune ailments as well.
Titanium-tantalum alloy development (1996)

Research has been underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory for several years to develop an alloy capable of containing toxic materials in the event of a fire involving a nuclear weapon. Due to their high melting point, good oxidation resistance, and low solubility in molten plutonium, alloys based on the Ti-Ta binary system have been developed for this purpose. The course of the alloy development to-date, along with processing and property data, are presented in this overview.
Lasing band-edge identification for a surface-emitting photonic crystal laser (2005)

The possibility of single-mode oscillation over a large cavity area for photonic crystal lasers emitting at the photonic band edge has resulted in much interest in such materials for new forms of solid-state laser. In this paper, we measure the photonic bandstructure in our sample and identify the lasing band edge. By mapping out the bandstructure at the /spl Gamma/-point, we have observed fine structure at the band edge. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted bandstructure. Above threshold, we observe a lasing peak at 965 nm at one of the band edges. The far-field distribution of the laser is measured, showing an annular profile and azimuthal polarization. Calculations on the far-field distribution at the lasing band edge suggest the annular profile is due to an anti-symmetric resonant mode.
RIHANN: Remote IoT Hardware Authentication With Intrinsic Identifiers (2022)

The heterogeneous array of edge devices in an Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to physical in-field tampering attacks. These devices can significantly benefit from a difficult-to-clone and tamper-immune intrinsic identifier that can verify the authenticity or integrity of the physical components. In this article, we develop an intrinsic device identifier, <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RIHANN</monospace> , that captures the state of the electronic hardware in an IoT device. This state can adequately reflect any physical tampering of the hardware components by transforming the intrinsic delay variations in the electronic components of an edge device into unique and robust signatures. Our proposed authentication approach utilizes the boundary scan architecture (BSA) in printed circuit boards (PCBs). BSA is a prevalent design for test (DFT) structure used in most PCBs in IoT edge devices. This technique supports an extensive array of heterogeneous devices and can seamlessly operate during the device’s runtime. We measure the boundary scan path delays using the parallel scan delay-measurement (PSDM) technique for commercially available ICs. We perform practical experiments on 20 devices, generate signatures, and evaluate their uniqueness, robustness, randomness, and resistance to aging. We also introduce a security protocol for the cloud server, owner/verifier, or other IoT devices connected to a network to verify their identity remotely. The policy prevents attacks from extracting the device’s secret keys using an efficient moving target defense mechanism that periodically updates and evolves the challenge–response database.
Chiral Separations Using a Polypeptide and Polymeric Dipeptide Surfactant Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating in Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography (2004)

A polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating consisting of the polypeptide, poly(l-lysine) hydrobromide, poly(l-lysine) and the polymeric dipeptide surfactant, poly(sodium undecanoyl-l-leucyl-alaninate), poly(l-SULA), is investigated as a new medium for the separation of chiral analytes in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). In this approach, a stable PEM is constructed in situ by alternative rinses of the cationic polymer poly(l-lysine) and the anionic polymer poly(l-SULA). In previous studies, the PEM coating has been constructed by use of the cationic polyelectrolyte poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC. In this study, we investigate the use of a biopolymer as the cationic polyelectrolyte. The results reported here indicate an increase in selectivity and resolution when poly(l-lysine) is used as the cationic polymer in place of PDADMAC. To evaluate the chromatographic performance of the PEM coating as a chiral stationary phase, the separation of the beta-blockers, labetalol and sotalol, and the binaphthyl derivatives, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthyl-2,2'-dihydrogen phosphate, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol, and 1,1-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine, are investigated. In addition, the effect of varying the amino acid order of the polymeric dipeptide surfactant on resolution is investigated. The number of bilayers also significantly influences the separation efficiency and resolution of enantiomers. The run-to-run and capillary-to-capillary reproducibilities are evaluated by calculating the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the electroosmotic flow. These RSD values were found to be less than 1%. The coating is also stable and allows more than 290 runs to be performed in the same capillary. In addition, coupling of this chiral OT-CEC column with mass spectrometry is investigated.
Resistance Compression Networks for Resonant Power Conversion (2006)

A limitation of many high-frequency resonant inverter topologies is their high sensitivity to loading conditions. This paper introduces a new class of matching networks that greatly reduces the load sensitivity of resonant inverters and RF amplifiers. These networks, which we term resistance compression networks, serve to substantially decrease the variation in effective resistance seen by a tuned RF inverter as loading conditions change. We explore the operation, performance characteristics, and design of these networks, and present experimental results demonstrating their performance. Their combination with rectifiers to form RF-to-DC converters having narrow-range resistive input characteristics is also treated. The application of resistance compression in resonant power conversion is demonstrated in a DC/DC power converter operating at 100 MHz
Smart Automotive Airbags: Occupant Classification and Tracking (2007)

The introduction of airbags into automobiles has significantly improved the safety of the occupants. Unfortunately, airbags can also cause fatal injuries if the occupant is a child smaller (in weight) than a typical six-year-old. Between 1986 and 2001, 19 infants and 85 children were killed by airbags during relatively minor vehicle collisions. In addition to these infant and child deaths, there have also been seven adults killed by airbags due to their proximity to the airbag during deployment. In response to these deaths, the National Highway Transportation and Safety Administration has mandated that, starting in the 2006 model year, all automobiles be equipped with automatic airbag suppression. The suppression of the airbag based on the type of occupant can be framed as a two-class classification problem, while the suppression of the airbag based on the location of the occupant relative to the airbag can be framed as an occupant-tracking problem. This paper describes an integrated real-time vision-based occupant classification and tracking system using a single grayscale camera with commercially available processing hardware. The classification system has achieved a classification accuracy of approximately 98%. Likewise, the tracking system has demonstrated the ability to detect a dangerous proximity of the occupant relative to the airbag within only 7 ms