gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Transfusion Therapy in an Alloimmunized Patient (1982)

A 51-year-old patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, who was alloimmunized to platelets, failed to show adequate platelet increments after receiving transfusions of HLA grade A-identical platelets. Only platelets from an HLA grade B-matching donor gave high increments. Several crossmatching procedures were used to select platelet donors. A correlation was seen between in vitro tests and in vivo response. HLA typing has limitations in the selection of platelet-compatible donors.
Reemergence of Human Adenovirus 14 (2014)

This chapter presents a brief overview of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections. The HAdVs are classified within the family Adenoviridae, genus Mastadenovirus. The chapter describes a new human adenovirus 14 (HAdV-14) variant, its emergence, and clinical and epidemiologic features of infection. Acute respiratory illness (ARI) is the most commonly recognized manifestation of HAdV infection and the types that cause ARI are the focus of this chapter, with special emphasis on the species B viruses which are most closely related to HAdV-14. The first HAdV-14 cases were also noted in 2006 from national surveys of military recruits and civilians conducted between 2002 and 2006. The first investigation in Oregon demonstrated the potential for serious complications of infection but also suggested that many more cases were undetected. Since no common exposures or contact among cases, with one exception, were identified, unrecognized cases must have accounted for virus spread within the community. A small study of HAdV-14-infected patients suggested HAdV-7 neutralizing antibodies provided protection from serious complications of HAdV-14 infection. In this study, 7 of 19 (39%) basic military trainees (BMTs) with a mild HAdV-14 illness and 0/16 BMTs hospitalized with HAdV-14 pneumonia had HAdV-7 neutralizing antibodies (P < 0.007). There are many examples of the emergence of variant HAdVs. The emergent HAdV-14 is readily detected by conventional diagnostic methods used for other HAdVs, including cell culture, immunoassay, and PCR.
Adaptive visual tracking and recognition using particle filters (2003)

This paper presents an improved method for simultaneous tracking and recognition of human faces from video, where a time series model is used to resolve the uncertainties in tracking and recognition. The improvements mainly arise from three aspects: (i) modeling the inter-frame appearance changes within the video sequence using an adaptive appearance model and an adaptive-velocity motion model; (ii) modeling the appearance changes between the video frames and gallery images by constructing intra- and extra-personal spaces; and (iii) utilization of the fact that the gallery images are in frontal views. By embedding them in a particle filter, we are able to achieve a stabilized tracker and an accurate recognizer when confronted by pose and illumination variations.
A precise induction motor speed estimator, based on a fixed carrier frequency signal (2002)

A speed estimation method, based on the introduction of a constant frequency carrier signal, is presented. This frequency carrier signal produces a constant speed rotating field from which the speed information in a wide range is obtained. The speed is estimated through the detection of irregularities in the rotor. These irregularities generate frequency pulsations proportional to the rotor speed, which are independent of the parameters of the machine. Because these signals are extremely low, special electronic circuits, implemented with analog multipliers and filters, have been designed, and they are able to measure very low speed values. Computer simulations and some experiments have been carried out, and they have shown that it is possible to measure speeds as low as 20 RPM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-Time Hand Tracking under Occlusion from an Egocentric RGB-D Sensor (2017)

We present an approach for real-time, robust and accurate hand pose estimation from moving egocentric RGB-D cameras in cluttered real environments. Existing methods typically fail for hand-object interactions in cluttered scenes imaged from egocentric viewpoints-common for virtual or augmented reality applications. Our approach uses two subsequently applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to localize the hand and regress 3D joint locations. Hand localization is achieved by using a CNN to estimate the 2D position of the hand center in the input, even in the presence of clutter and occlusions. The localized hand position, together with the corresponding input depth value, is used to generate a normalized cropped image that is fed into a second CNN to regress relative 3D hand joint locations in real time. For added accuracy, robustness and temporal stability, we refine the pose estimates using a kinematic pose tracking energy. To train the CNNs, we introduce a new photorealistic dataset that uses a merged reality approach to capture and synthesize large amounts of annotated data of natural hand interaction in cluttered scenes. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluation, we show that our method is robust to self-occlusion and occlusions by objects, particularly in moving egocentric perspectives.
[Glomerulocystic kidney: report of two autopsy cases]. (1990)

We reported two cases of glomerulocystic kidney (GCK). Case 1 was a 35-day-old male who was born at 38 weeks of gestation and weighed 1750 g at birth. He showed chromosomal aberration and surface anomaly, and was diagnosed as having pentalogy of Fallot. There were no signs of renal disturbance. At autopsy, subcapsular cysts composed of dilated Bowman's capsules were found. Case 2 was a 63-year-old man. He suffered from mild cerebral infarction at the age of 45. At the age of 51, he was diagnosed as having chronic glomerulonephritis and began hemodialysis at the age of 55. He died of uremic lung at 63. Diffuse dilatation of Bowman's capsules were found in the renal cortices. In the liver, proliferation and cystic dilatation of interlobular bile ducts were noted. The patients with GCK without any severe disease in other organs show no or stable symptoms in the early period of life, but later developed severe renal insufficiency.
A Survey on Network Security Monitoring Systems (2016)

Network monitoring is a difficult and demanding task that is a vital part of a network administrator's job. Network administrators are constantly striving to maintain smooth operation of their networks. If a network were to be down even for a small period of time, productivity within a company would decline, and in the case of public service departments the ability to provide essential services would be compromised. There are several approaches to network security monitoring. This paper provides the readers with a critical review of the prominent implementations of the current network monitoring approaches.
Synthesis of <sup>11</sup>C, <sup>18</sup>F, <sup>15</sup>O, and <sup>13</sup>N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography (2008)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Information about metabolism, receptor/enzyme function, and biochemical mechanisms in living tissue can be obtained directly from PET experiments. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), which mainly provide detailed anatomical images, PET can measure chemical changes that occur before macroscopic anatomical signs of a disease are observed. PET is emerging as a revolutionary method for measuring body function and tailoring disease treatment in living subjects. The development of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of new positron-emitting molecules is, however, not trivial. This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (11)C, (18)F, (15)O, and (13)N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.
Role of Clean Energy Organisations in Rural Development (2019)

Energy is the solution to all problems in the world. It helps in human development to economic development of any region, state or country. Access to energy is a common problem in today’s era. Access to energy can help in brining prosperity to earning livelihood. This paper consists of two sections. The first section focuses on a sustainable energy service model where a Digital Service Centre (DSC) was set up in rural areas of South Odisha. It helped in changing the life of a rural youth. Similarly, the second section focuses on designing and developing a solar dryer which was used by fisherwomen for earning their livelihood in the rural areas of South Odisha. Design/Methodology/Approach - In the current research, a descriptive case method was used and cases were selected in a purposive manner. Data was collected for understanding the theoretical concepts of actors, factors and linkages among them and developing the conceptual framework. An action research method (of partial intervention in the ecosystem for applicability of the framework) has been undertaken. Findings - Various actors and factors were found out and their linkages were established among them. Originality/Value - A novel approach of clean energy intervention for income generation, a sense of entrepreneurial mindset was developed and an enabling environment for intervention of clean energy products and services in rural areas was created.
Quercetin Selectively Inhibits Bioreduction and Enhances Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells That Overexpress Tyrosinase (2007)

Tyrosinase is expressed in melanoma cells and catalyzes the formation of 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) into reactive quinone species and subsequent glutathionyl adducts. Therefore, we examined the effect of quercetin metabolism on the glutathione (GSH) bioreduction pathway and cell viability in DB-1 melanoma cells that express varying levels of tyrosinase (Tyr+). In a cell-free system, GSH was significantly decreased by quercetin, which coincided with the formation of glutathionyl adducts. In Tyr+ clones, quercetin decreased bioreduction capacity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a greater degree compared to control cells. The antioxidant/electrophile response element-induced enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase 1 were expressed at high levels in Tyr+ cells and contributed to pro-oxidant quercetin metabolism. The basal level of ROS and apoptosis was higher in Tyr+ cells and were selectively increased after exposure to quercetin. The increase in apoptosis following quercetin exposure was p53/Bax mediated and correlated with a decrease in GST-driven bioreduction capacity and an increase in ROS. In conclusion, quercetin can selectively sensitize Tyr+ expressing melanoma cells to apoptosis and may serve as an adjuvant to chemotherapy by enhancing cell death and interfering with GST-mediated drug resistance.
Coupling of Glycal Derived Thioethyl Glycosyl Donors with Glycal Acceptors. An Advance in the Scope of the Glycal Assembly (1997)

Glycals were converted into thioethyl glycosyl donors through 1,2-anhydrosugar intermediates. Various participating groups in the C-2 position were examined for formation of β-glucosyl, β-galactosyl, and α-mannosyl linkages. A number of disaccharides was prepared employing a novel coupling protocol involving thioethyl 2-pivaloyl glycosyl donors and glycal acceptors. Using this methodology, a linear tetrasaccharide containing exclusively β-glucosyl-(1→4) linkages was prepared in high yields. Ready application to α-mannosylation and C2 branching are other hallmarks of the method.
Multi-Poly-Silicon-Layer-Based Spot-Size Converter for Efficient Coupling Between Silicon Waveguide and Standard Single-Mode Fiber (2016)

A novel spot-size converter (SSC) incorporating a phase-matched polycrystalline-silicon (Poly-Si) multilayer is proposed and optimized for efficient nanophotonic coupling, which can be fabricated by using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process and can be directly integrated. An efficient algorithm, combining the rigorous H-field-based full-vectorial finite-element method and the least square boundary residual method, is developed for the design optimization of the SSC. The use of simple single-layer and multilayer Poly-Si-based SSCs is investigated, in which the coupling process and phase matching for isolated and composite waveguides are also carried out. The coupling loss can be reduced to 2.72 dB by using an 11-Poly-Si-layer-based SSC. The on-chip integrated SSC opens up the feasibility of a low-cost passive-aligned fiber-pigtailed electronic-photonic integrated-circuit (PIC) platform.
Inflorescence‐specific genes from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> encoding glycine‐rich proteins (1993)

Genomic and cDNA clones for three inflorescence-specific genes from Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated and characterized. The genes are tandemly organized in the genome on a 10 kb fragment. The expression of these genes is coordinately regulated in a developmental and organ-specific pattern. They are expressed predominantly in anthers at the later stage of flower development. The primary structure of the encoded gene products exhibits comparable features consisting of a hydrophobic domain at the N-terminal region followed by repeated glycine-rich motifs. Little homology is observed either between the glycine-rich domain of the three genes or with previously described glycine-rich proteins from other plant species.
A versatile LabVIEW and field-programmable gate array-based scanning probe microscope for <i>in operando</i> electronic device characterization (2014)

Understanding the complex properties of electronic and spintronic devices at the micro- and nano-scale is a topic of intense current interest as it becomes increasingly important for scientific progress and technological applications. In operando characterization of such devices by scanning probe techniques is particularly well-suited for the microscopic study of these properties. We have developed a scanning probe microscope (SPM) which is capable of both standard force imaging (atomic, magnetic, electrostatic) and simultaneous electrical transport measurements. We utilize flexible and inexpensive FPGA (field-programmable gate array) hardware and a custom software framework developed in National Instrument's LabVIEW environment to perform the various aspects of microscope operation and device measurement. The FPGA-based approach enables sensitive, real-time cantilever frequency-shift detection. Using this system, we demonstrate electrostatic force microscopy of an electrically biased graphene field-effect transistor device. The combination of SPM and electrical transport also enables imaging of the transport response to a localized perturbation provided by the scanned cantilever tip. Facilitated by the broad presence of LabVIEW in the experimental sciences and the openness of our software solution, our system permits a wide variety of combined scanning and transport measurements by providing standardized interfaces and flexible access to all aspects of a measurement (input and output signals, and processed data). Our system also enables precise control of timing (synchronization of scanning and transport operations) and implementation of sophisticated feedback protocols, and thus should be broadly interesting and useful to practitioners in the field.
Compact FPGA-based elaboration platform for wide-bandwidth electrochemical measurements (2012)

A novel mixed-signal generation, acquisition and elaboration motherboard for electrochemical sensing is presented. This compact USB-controlled instrument is based on a FPGA for fast real-time execution of multiple measurement families: amperometry, voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy in particular. A digital dual-phase lock-in demodulator based on an internal DDS/PLL has been embedded with a custom analog front-end to provide an extended frequency range up to 10MHz. The design and experimental characterization of the full instrument encompassing fast (14bit, 80MSa/s) and auxiliary precise (18bit, 100kSa/s) channels are here discussed.
Signal correlation using a one-dimensional electroabsorptive CCD spatial light modulator (1984)

Electrically addressed spatial light modulation (SLM) may be carried out in a GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) by charge-transfer control of the electroabsorption in the individual storage wells. One-dimensional modulator arrays may be utilized in both space-integrating and time-integrating correlators operated as incoherent optical processors. In the space-integrating case, one SLM controlled by the input signal is operated in cascade with a second SLM controlled by a reference waveform. This arrangement yields a single-detector output which is the correlation as a function of time. In the time-integrating correlator, the input signal is carried by the light source while a single SLM with a traveling reference wave controls the output intensity to a detector array. The modulator arrays may be operated with the light at normal incidence to a CCD with transparent gates or in a guided-wave mode, where the light propagates beneath the gate electrodes and parallel to the surface. The calculated dynamic range is greater for the guided-wave case because of the greater depth of modulation, although the fabrication and optical coupling are more critical. Space-integrating correlator performance is limited by "bleaching" or well-filling by the modulated light and predicted dynamic ranges are 20 dB for normal-incidence operation and 40 dB for the guided-wave mode. In the time-integrating correlator, saturation of the detector array is limiting, but the 100-percent modulation available in the input optical source yields 35-dB dynamic range for normal-incidence and 55 dB for guided-wave operation.
Mutations that substitute serine for glycine alpha 1-598 and glycine alpha 1-631 in type I procollagen. The effects on thermal unfolding of the triple helix are position-specific and demonstrate that the protein unfolds through a series of cooperative blocks. (1990)

Cultured skin fibroblasts from two probands with lethal variants of osteogenesis imperfecta synthesized type I procollagen that was posttranslationally over-modified. Analysis of cDNAs and genomic DNAs from the two probands demonstrated that proband I had a single-base mutation that converted the codon for glycine alpha 1-631 to a codon for serine, and proband II had a single-base mutation that converted the codon for glycine alpha 1-598 to a codon for serine. Although the two serine-for-glycine substitutions were separated by only 35 residues, they had markedly different effects on the thermal unfolding of the collagen triple helix as assayed by brief protease digestion. The type I procollagen from proband I (serine alpha 1-631) had an essentially normal temperature for thermal unfolding. In contrast, type I procollagen from proband II (serine alpha 1-598) was cleaved to readily identifiable intermediate fragments of about 630 residues at 20 degrees C. With procollagens from both probands, collagenase A fragments containing the first 775 amino acids of the alpha chain domains had a lowered temperature for thermal unfolding as assayed by brief protease digestion. The collagenase A fragments from proband I were cleaved to intermediates of about 600 amino acids at 36 degrees C and to fragments of about 510 residues at 37 degrees C. The collagenase A fragments from proband II were cleaved to intermediates of about 630 residues at 32 degrees C, to fragments of about 600 residues at 36 degrees C, and to fragments of about 510 at 37 degrees C. The fragments of about 510 residues from both mutated procollagens were more stable to protease digestion than the collagenase A fragments of 775 residues from normal type I collagen. The results demonstrate that the effects of glycine substitutions on the thermal unfolding of type I collagen are highly position-specific. They also provide direct evidence for previous indications that the triple helix of the protein undergoes micro-unfolding of a series of relatively independent "cooperative blocks" in the predenaturation range of temperatures.
Von Willebrand factor (vWF): marker of endothelial damage and thrombotic risk in COVID-19? (2020)

Very high levels of vWF and factor VIIIc are common in COVID-19 patients, comparable to levels in severely septic non-COVID ICU patients. This could contribute to the hypercoagulable state and increased VTE rate in COVID-19. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of vWF for stratifying thrombotic risk in COVID-19 and to determine if elevated vWF is contributing to disease pathogenesis.
Treatment of Myelofibrosis: Old and New Strategies (2017)

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a <i>BCR-ABL1</i>-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm that is mainly characterised by reactive bone marrow fibrosis, extramedullary haematopoiesis, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, leukaemic progression, and shortened survival. As such, this malignancy is still orphan of curative treatments; indeed, the only treatment that has a clearly demonstrated impact on disease progression is allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but only a minority of patients are eligible for such intensive therapy. However, more recently, the discovery of <i>JAK2</i> mutations has also led to the development of small-molecule <i>JAK1</i>/<i>2</i> inhibitors, the first of which, ruxolitinib, has been approved for the treatment of MF in the United States and Europe. In this article, we report on old and new therapeutic strategies that proved effective in early preclinical and clinical trials, and subsequently in the daily clinical practice, for patients with MF, particularly concerning the topics of anaemia, splenomegaly, iron overload, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Class-specific classifier: avoiding the curse of dimensionality (2004)

This article describes a new probabilistic method called the "class-specific method" (CSM). CSM has the potential to avoid the "curse of dimensionality" which plagues most classifiers which attempt to determine the decision boundaries in a high-dimensional feature space. In contrast, in CSM, it is possible to build classifiers without a common feature space. Separate low-dimensional features sets may be defined for each class, while the decision functions are projected back to the common raw data space. CSM effectively extends the classical classification theory to handle multiple feature spaces. It is completely general, and requires no simplifying assumption such as Gaussianity or that data ties in linear subspaces.
Reduction of risks to the public from geologic waste repositories by partitioning and transmutation: Rock types (1994)

Partitioning light-water-reactor spent fuel (LWR SF) and transmuting the actinides in fast-spectrum liquid-metal reactors (ALMR) has been proposed as a method of reducing the public risks from geologic disposal of nuclear waste. Does partitioning and transmutation reduce the risks to the public from a geologic repository in water-saturated rock as much as it does for a geologic repository in unsaturated rock? For repositories that contain waste from equal energy generation, we compare maximum radiation dose rates to future individuals that would result from dissolution and hydrogeologic transport of critical radionuclides for hypothetical repositories in unsaturated, oxidizing rock and water-saturated, reducing rock. In each case, the peak radiation dose rate to a maximally exposed individual from a repository containing LWR spent fuel is compared to that from high-level wastes from the reprocessing of LWR and ALMR fuel. We found that while peak dose rates from a repository in unsaturated rock containing high-level waste is somewhat lower than that from LWR spent fuel, the peak dose rate from a repository in saturated-reducing rock containing high-level waste is actually higher than its counterpart containing spent fuel.