gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core–Shell AgCl@SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles: Ag(I)-Based Antibacterial Materials with Enhanced Stability (2016)

Silver (Ag)-based nanoparticles are one type of highly effective antimicrobial widely used in medical devices, consumer products, and wound dressing. Although Ag(I) rather than Ag(0) is the active species in antibacterial processes, the use of Ag(I) as antibacterial materials is hindered by its instability toward light irradiation. In this paper, we report the fabrication of core–shell AgCl@SiO2 nanoparticles, which comprise a core of AgCl nanoparticles and a shell of porous silica, for antibacterial applications for the first time. The porous silica shells not only enhance the stability of AgCl by preventing the core from direct light irradiation but also allow active Ag(I) to pass through continuously to inhibit the growth of bacteria. It is worth noting that the synthesis is achieved by a facile one-pot method in which the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride used for the formation of AgCl nanoparticles also acts as a structure-directing agent in the subsequent creation of porous silica. Our results show that the obtained AgCl@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibit well-defined core–shell structure and are highly efficient in the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli. More importantly, the stability of Ag(I) toward light irradiation is greatly enhanced by the protection of the silica shell. The convenient fabrication, well-defined core–shell structure, and enhanced stability make AgCl@SiO2 nanoparticles highly promising for antibacterial applications.
Random Telegraph Signal Noise in Gate-All-Around Si-FinFET With Ultranarrow Body (2006)

For the first time, the random telegraph signal (RTS) and its corresponding flicker noise (1/f) were investigated in gate-all-around p-type Si-FinFETs. For a device with gate width of ~ 100 nm (fin height) and length of ~ 200 nm, the typical RTS capture/emission time constants were ~ 0.1-1 ms. Very large RTS amplitudes (DeltaI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d </sub> up to 25%) were observed, which is an effect attributable to the extreme device scaling and/or interface quality of FinFETs. The estimated scattering coefficients (alpha~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13 </sup> ) are found to be higher than typical values obtained from MOSFETs. These findings demonstrate the relevance of RTS for FinFET operation
Integration of ATM call admission control and link capacity control by distributed neural networks (1991)

An adaptive call admission control using neural networks was recently proposed for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) communications networks. The author proposes adaptive link capacity control using neural networks. Neural networks are trained to estimate the call loss rate from link capacity and observed traffic, and link capacity assignment is optimized by a random optimization method according to the estimated call loss rate. The integration of adaptive call admission control and adaptive link capacity control yields an efficient ATM traffic control system suitable for multimedia communication services with unknown traffic characteristics. Computer simulation results using a simple network model are also given to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Deposition of Aluminum from NaCl‐AlCl3 Melts (1990)

Abstract at 175°C onto glassy carbon electrodes is found to occur via a nucleation/growth mechanism.
Synthesis of Immunoadjuvant Conjugates with HIV-Derived Peptide Inducing Peptide-Specific Antibody. (1994)

MDP and lipopeptide analog conjugates inducing HIV-derived peptide-specific antibody without adding further macromolecular carriers or adjuvants were synthesized.
Potential markers of heavy training in highly trained distance runners. (1992)

Markers of a heavy increase in training were examined in ten highly trained distance runners (mean(s.d.) age 29.8(1.7) years, maximal oxygen intake 65.3 ml kg-1 min-1, personal best 10-km time 31 min 4 s) who undertook a deliberate 38% increment of training over a 3-week period. Their running performance did not improve, and six of the ten subjects developed sustained fatigue, suggesting that training was excessive, although the full clinical picture of overtraining did not develop. The Profile of Mood States was the best single marker of disturbed function, indicating increased fatigue and decreased vigour. There were no useful changes of resting heart rate or perceived exertion during submaximal running, sleep was undisturbed, and there were no orthopaedic injuries. Two subjects developed rhinoviral infections following the heavy training, and a third complained of symptoms that were diagnosed 2 weeks later as exercise-induced asthma. The increase of serum cortisol normally induced by 30 min of submaximal exercise was no longer seen when the same acute exercise was performed after heavy training. Resting lymphocyte proliferation tended to increase in response to phytohaematoglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), the ratio of helper to suppressor cells (H/S) decreased, and pokeweed mitogen induced smaller increases in IgG and IgM synthesis. Whereas before heavy training, PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was unchanged by 30 min of acute submaximal exercise, after 3 weeks of heavy training the same bout of exercise caused an 18% suppression of proliferation. Likewise, heavy training brought about a decrease of T-lymphocytes in response to acute submaximal exercise, but an abolition of the acute exercise-induced decrease in the H/S ratio. The previously observed exercise-induced decrease of IgG synthesis did not occur when the same acute bout of exercise was performed after heavy training. We conclude that such minor and transient changes of immune function may possibly be a warning that training is becoming excessive, but they have only a limited significance for overall immune function.
Continual Learning in Generative Adversarial Nets (2017)

Developments in deep generative models have allowed for tractable learning of high-dimensional data distributions. While the employed learning procedures typically assume that training data is drawn i.i.d. from the distribution of interest, it may be desirable to model distinct distributions which are observed sequentially, such as when different classes are encountered over time. Although conditional variations of deep generative models permit multiple distributions to be modeled by a single network in a disentangled fashion, they are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when the distributions are encountered sequentially. In this paper, we adapt recent work in reducing catastrophic forgetting to the task of training generative adversarial networks on a sequence of distinct distributions, enabling continual generative modeling.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: A systematic review and meta-analysis of α-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (2012)

The results of this meta-analysis provide evidence that treatment with ALA (300-600 mg/day i.v. for 2-4 weeks) is safe and that the treatment can significantly improve both nerve conduction velocity and positive neuropathic symptoms. However, the evidence may not be strong because most of the studies included in this meta-analysis have poor methodological quality.
Polymer space-charge-limited transistor (2006)

A metal grid is sandwiched between poly(3-hexylthiophene) to form a solid-state version of vacuum tube triode, where the vertical space-charge-limited current is modulated by the grid potential. The Al grid contains random submicron openings formed by a nonlithographic method. The multilayer polymer structure is made by spin coating. The operating voltage of the polymer space-charge-limited transistor is 3V, and the current gain of 506 is obtained. The characteristics of the transistor can be tuned by the diameters and the density of the openings on the grid. Similar to the vacuum tube triode, the current follows a power law voltage dependence.
Parallel sparse matrix-vector and matrix-transpose-vector multiplication using compressed sparse blocks (2009)

This paper introduces a storage format for sparse matrices, called compressed sparse blocks (CSB), which allows both Ax and A,x to be computed efficiently in parallel, where A is an n×n sparse matrix with nnzen nonzeros and x is a dense n-vector. Our algorithms use Θ(nnz) work (serial running time) and Θ(√nlgn) span (critical-path length), yielding a parallelism of Θ(nnz/√nlgn), which is amply high for virtually any large matrix. The storage requirement for CSB is the same as that for the more-standard compressed-sparse-rows (CSR) format, for which computing Ax in parallel is easy but A,x is difficult. Benchmark results indicate that on one processor, the CSB algorithms for Ax and A,x run just as fast as the CSR algorithm for Ax, but the CSB algorithms also scale up linearly with processors until limited by off-chip memory bandwidth.
Analysis of personal computer workloads (2003)

Most published research on system behavior and workload characterization has been based on either Unix systems or large (usually IBM) mainframe systems. It is reasonable to believe that user behaviors and workloads are different for PC systems. Further, the aspects of system design and most-needed study have changed from the mainframes that were dominant in the 1960s and 1970s, and the Unix systems that became so popular in the 1980s, to the PCs that seem to be rapidly taking over many or most aspects of computing. Our analysis focuses instead on Microsoft Windows 95, which is currently the most widely used computer operating system; the newly released Windows 98 is very similar. In this paper, we describe a workload analysis based on 36 sets of traces collected from Intel Pentium-based PCs running the Windows 95 operating system. Following the discussion of our Windows 95 trace data, we present some descriptive and statistical characterizations of this data, directed principally at user behavior and file system behavior.
Collaboration and end-user information management tools (2010)

Knowledge and information workers work as individuals within virtual team structures. Those teams may be small, or they may in fact form part of larger groups which continue to share similar objectives. Knowledge workers therefore acquire and manage personal and group information which they may choose to manage themselves using Personal and small-Group Information Management tools and techniques (PIM, GIM). This paper summarises some earlier research into PIM and GIM before addressing its objectives, which are to:\n* Consider the use of PIM / GIM techniques as the basis for collaboration within those virtual teams\n* Discuss collaboration and community involvement in the actual development of PIM/GIM tools\n* Identify the need for formalisms and abstraction skills in effective personal information management.
Taspase 1: A protease with many biological surprises (2015)

Taspase 1 (TASP1) cleaves the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) and transcription factor (TF) IIA families of nuclear proteins to orchestrate various biological processes. TASP1 is not a classical oncogene, but assists in cell proliferation and permits oncogenic initiation through cleavage of MLL and TFIIA. TASP1 is thus better classified as a "non-oncogene addiction" protease, and targeting TASP1 offers a novel and attractive anticancer therapeutic strategy.
An Optically Controlled Coplanar Waveguide Millimeter-Wave Switch (2018)

This letter demonstrates an optically controlled coplanar waveguide switch operating in the millimeter-wave region. Full-wave electromagnetic analysis used a multilayer model to simulate the photoinduced plasmas and a good agreement between measured and simulated results has been achieved. The insertion loss is less than 4 dB and isolation is greater than 15 dB from 32-50 GHz. This approach requires the use of 175 mW of optical power at a wavelength 980 nm, but it removes the need for bandwidth limiting electrical bias networks.
Constructing oxide interfaces and heterostructures by atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular beam epitaxy (2017)

Abstract Advancements in nanoscale engineering of oxide interfaces and heterostructures have led to discoveries of emergent phenomena and new artificial materials. Combining the strengths of reactive molecular-beam epitaxy and pulsed-laser deposition, we show here, with examples of Sr 1+ x Ti 1- x O 3+δ , Ruddlesden–Popper phase La n +1 Ni n O 3 n +1 ( n = 4), and LaAl 1+ y O 3(1+0.5 y ) /SrTiO 3 interfaces, that atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular-beam epitaxy significantly advances the state of the art in constructing oxide materials with atomic layer precision and control over stoichiometry. With atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular-beam epitaxy we have produced conducting LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interfaces at high oxygen pressures that show no evidence of oxygen vacancies, a capability not accessible by existing techniques. The carrier density of the interfacial two-dimensional electron gas thus obtained agrees quantitatively with the electronic reconstruction mechanism.
Data Base Backup - The Problem of Very Large Data Bases. (1981)

The monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation and lactate concentration in order to detect cerebral ischaemia or hyperaemia requires the insertion of a fibreoptic catheter into the upper bulb of the internal jugular vein. With dissection studies we have defined superficial anatomical landmarks which are constant and easily palpable, namely the mastoid process and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This technique does not require a rotation of the head. The puncture site is located at the top of a triangular area between its sternal and clavicular insertions. At this site the jugular vein is rather superficial. This study reports our experience of the retrograde catheterisation of the jugular vein in twelve severely head injured patients.
A Clinical Evaluation of a Next Generation, Non-Invasive, Selective Radiofrequency, Hands-Free, Body-Shaping Device. (2016)

The mean difference between the tested groups was statistically significant proving better outcomes in the Vanquish METM than its predecessor. Furthermore, the reduction in standard deviation of fat reduction measurements in Group A vs Group B is evidence that the Vanquish METM provides more consistent performance. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(12):1557-1561.
Quantized features for gesture recognition using high speed vision camera (2004)

In addition to speech, gestures have been considered as a means of interacting with a computer as naturally as possible. Like speech, gestures can be acquired and recognized using hidden Markov models (HMMs), but there are several problems that must be overcome. We propose solutions to two of these problems: the feature extraction and the HMMs training. First, the acquisition is done by means of a high speed vision camera which allows the position of a hand to be obtained every 1 ms. This simplifies the feature extraction task and also allows low-level fusion with speech to be considered, which is a future goal. Secondly, we introduce quantized features, after carefully selecting extracted features, in order to avoid drastically increasing the size of the gesture database needed for good training of the HMMs. We finally show results that demonstrate the ability of such quantized features to significantly improve the recognition rate despite a rather small database and to allow user-independent recognition of gestures.
<title>Overview of GOES high-resolution interferometer sounder brassboard development and test program</title> (1996)

Replacement of the sounder filter wheel in one of the clones of the GOES I-M satellite series with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interferometer would improve retrieval performance and could be a pathfinder for technology employed in the next generation GOES series. Based on examination of an earlier proposal, NOAA decided to pursue the feasibility of such a FTIR replacement. The FTIR interferometer is to be as nearly a 'plug-in' replacement for the sounder filter wheel as possible. THis imposes some interesting and challenging optical, mechanical, and electronic constraints on the design and fabrication of the interferometer. This overview describes a brassboard design for a replacement FTIR interferometer and provides the background and the status of GHIS brassboard work-in- progress at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Differential transmission lines on silicon based on periodic photonic bandgap structures (2006)

Differential transmission lines (DTL) can be synthesized by identical or different periodic structures (PS). These PS can be used not only for matching one circuit to another; also small resonators can be established serving in filters or oscillators. These new DTL - by using the proposed PS - allow characteristic impedances beyond that of classical TL and in addition at much smaller size. It is the first time that DTL structures form a real alternative for applications in MMIC design below 10 GHz.
Structural studies on the linkage unit between poly(<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosamine 1‐phosphate) and peptidoglycan in cell walls of <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> AHU 1650 (1985)

Structural studies were carried out on the polymer chains and their linkage regions in two kinds of teichoic acids, poly(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) [poly(GlcNAc-1-P)] and glycerol teichoic acid, bound to peptidoglycan in the cell walls of Bacillus pumilus AHU 1650. The poly(GlcNAc-1-P)-glycan complex isolated from lysozyme digests of the cell walls contained mannosamine and glycerol as minor components. On the basis of proton NMR spectroscopic data and isolation of N-acetylglucosamine 4-phosphate from acid hydrolysates, the poly(GlcNAc-1-P) was shown to be a polymer in which N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate units are joined at C-4 of the glucosamine residues. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of the poly(GlcNAc-1-P)-glycan complex gave a mannosamine-linked glycan fragment and the acidic polymer fraction that contained glycerol residues. Mild acid treatment of the mannosamine-linked glycan fragment gave the linkage disaccharide, ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc, whereas the acidic polymer fraction was degraded by this treatment into N-acetylglucosamine 4-phosphate and a glycerol-containing fragment characterized as P-(Gro-P)7 (Gro = glycerol). On the other hand, direct mild acid hydrolysis of the complex gave a fragment characterized as P-(Gro-P)7-ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc. These results lead to a conclusion that in the cell walls the poly(GlcNAc-1-P) chain is attached to peptidoglycan through a linkage unit, (Gro-P)7-ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc. By means of similar procedures, it was shown that the other cell wall polymer, glycerol teichoic acid, is also attached to peptidoglycan through the same disaccharide, ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc.
On-Surface Synthesis of Rylene-Type Graphene Nanoribbons (2015)

The narrowest armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) with five carbons across the width of the GNR (5-AGNR) was synthesized on Au(111) surfaces via sequential dehalogenation processes in a mild condition by using 1,4,5,8-tetrabromonaphthalene as the molecular precursor. Gold-organic hybrids were observed by using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and considered as intermediate states upon AGNR formation. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals an unexpectedly large band gap of Δ = 2.8 ± 0.1 eV on Au(111) surface which can be interpreted by the hybridization of the surface states and the molecular states of the 5-AGNR.
Gel layers for inducing adjustable pretilt angles in liquid crystal systems (1991)

A novel system for inducing pretilt angles in liquid crystals (LC) was devised. For this purpose thin layers of a LC mixture containing diacrylate molecules were spun on glass plates covered with rubbed polyimide films. The layers were then photopolymerized to form a gel by UV radiation. In this way the orientation within the pregel layer was frozen. In a cell construction when another LC system was brought in between such gel layers, it was found that a pretilt angle within the LC system was induced. The induced pretilt angle was found to be easily controllable by varying the thickness of the gel layer and a wide range of pretilt angles could be induced.
The fluorination effect of fluoroamphiphiles in cytosolic protein delivery (2018)

Direct delivery of proteins into cells avoids many drawbacks of gene delivery, and thus has emerging applications in biotherapy. However, it remains a challenging task owing to limited charges and relatively large size of proteins. Here, we report an efficient protein delivery system via the co-assembly of fluoroamphiphiles and proteins into nanoparticles. Fluorous substituents on the amphiphiles play essential roles in the formation of uniform nanoparticles, avoiding protein denaturation, efficient endocytosis, and maintaining low cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship studies reveal that longer fluorous chain length and higher fluorination degree contribute to more efficient protein delivery, but excess fluorophilicity on the polymer leads to the pre-assembly of fluoroamphiphiles into stable vesicles, and thus failed protein encapsulation and cytosolic delivery. This study highlights the advantage of fluoroamphiphiles over other existing strategies for intracellular protein delivery.
Investigation of High-Rate Spherical LiCoO[sub 2] with Mesoporous Structure via Self-Assembly in Microemulsion (2008)

Spherical LiCoO 2 particles embedded with carbon nanotubes have been prepared via self-assembly in water/oil microemulsion. Mesoporous spherical LiCoO 2 was obtained by burning out the carbon nanotubes at 300°C in an O 2 atmosphere. The structure and morphology of the mesoporous particle were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method. It revealed that the mesoporous particles are comprised of submicrometer-sized LiCoO 2 grains, possessing high specific surface area up to 36 m 2 /g and with an average mesopore diameter of ∼22.5 nm. The synthesized spherical LiCoO 2 shows improved reversibility and cyclability at high rate 5 C. ©2008 The Electrochemical Socierty. [DOI; 10.1149/1.2826706]. All right reserved.
Deep learning enhancement of infrared face images using generative adversarial networks (2018)

This work presents a deep learning framework based on the use of deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) for infrared face image super-resolution. We use DCGAN for upscaling the images by a factor of 4×4, starting at a size of 16×16 and obtaining a 64×64 face image. Tests are conducted using different infrared face datasets operating in the near-infrared (NIR) and the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum. We can see that the proposed framework performs well and preserves important details of the face. This kind of approach can be very useful in security applications where we can scan faces in the crowd or detect faces at a distance and upscale them for further recognition through an infrared or a multispectral face recognition system.
The importance of the substrate surface energetics in water-based flexographic printing (2000)

This work focuses on the effect of sizing linerboard type handsheets made from NSSC eucalypt fibres on their ink receptivity in water-based flexographic printing. Print density was used as an index that reflected the ink receptivity of the handsheets. The effect of handsheet surface roughness on print density is also considered. Some difficulties in evaluating the work of adhesion between water and the sheet are discussed.