gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution target identification from remotely sensed images using a Hopfield neural network (2001)

Fuzzy classification techniques have been developed recently to estimate the class composition of image pixels, but their output provides no indication of how these classes are distributed spatially within the instantaneous field of view represented by the pixel. As such, while the accuracy of land cover target identification has been improved using fuzzy classification, it remains for robust techniques that provide better spatial representation of land cover to be developed. Such techniques could provide more accurate land cover metrics for determining social or environmental policy, for example. The use of a Hopfield neural network to map the spatial distribution of classes more reliably using prior information of pixel composition determined from fuzzy classification was investigated. An approach was adopted that used the output from a fuzzy classification to constrain a Hopfield neural network formulated as an energy minimization tool. The network converges to a minimum of an energy function, defined as a goal and several constraints. Extracting the spatial distribution of target class components within each pixel was, therefore, formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem with an optimal solution determined by the minimum of the energy function. This energy minimum represents a "best guess" map of the spatial distribution of class components in each pixel. The technique was applied to both synthetic and simulated Landsat TM imagery, and the resultant maps provided an accurate and improved representation of the land covers studied, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) for Landsat imagery of the order of 0.09 pixels in the new fine resolution image recorded.
Bone Stimulation (2011)

A nonunion represents a significant clinical challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. The classic treatments for delayed union and nonunion are not always successful. Many alternatives and adjuncts to osteosynthesis currently exist, including electrical and electromagnetic stimulation. This review article outlines the devices used for the delivery of this therapy including; the basic science, clinical evidence, and specific application to foot and ankle surgery for each device.
Characterization of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains by rRNA gene restriction patterns and PCR: Correlation with the results of serotyping, subtyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (1995)

We studied 35 strains of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A from different locations (France, Central African Republic, Sudan and Burkina Faso) using both ribotyping and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A non-radioactive probe label was used for ribotyping; detection consisted of an immunoenzymatic procedure using a bispecific antibody. The PCR was designed to amplify the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer. These techniques were compared with other markers. The strains were identified as belonging to three clones (I, III-1, IV) by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and to three subtypes by serological methods. Ribotyping identified five groups and PCR identified four groups. Ribotyping gave more diversity between strains than either MEE or sero/subtyping, but confirmed the epidemiological data provided by the combination of these two techniques. The PCR provided a simple and convenient one-step procedure for the differentiation of strains of serogroup A.
A new acetone detection device using cavity ringdown spectroscopy at 266 nm: evaluation of the instrument performance using acetone sample solutions (2007)

Acetone in human breath gas has been established as a biomarker for type-1 diabetes (T1D). Non-invasive breath gas analysis for diabetes diagnostics using breath acetone as a biomarker depends on the availability of a portable, fast-response and sensitive acetone detection device. So far such an instrument is not available yet. We report on the first acetone detection device using cavity ringdown spectroscopy and evaluate its performance prior to breath gas testing. Taking advantage of the coincidence of the largest absorption cross-section of acetone in the UV being at 266 nm with the availability of the palm-size 266 nm laser source, we construct a portable ringdown acetone detection device. The high quality single mode laser beam allows us to simplify the optical design for coupling the laser beam into the cavity, which consists of a pair of high reflectivity mirrors (R = 99.87%) separated by 45 cm. The ringdown signal observed by a miniature detector is processed by a laptop computer. The instrument performance on sensitivity, response time and sampling methods is evaluated using acetone diluted in deionized water in the concentration range of 6 drops l−1 to 0.5 drop l−1. The device operating with two different sampling methods is investigated and shows different measurement sensitivities and response times. The minimum detectable concentration of acetone sample solutions is 0.5 drop l−1 or 7.9 µg l−1, which corresponds to a gas concentration of 0.49 ppmv derived from the measured absorbance (based on 1-σ). The typical measuring time in the second sampling method, including the times for the sample introduction, the purge of the gas cell and the data processing, is less than 50 s. Since the average concentration of acetone in healthy human breath gas is approximately 0.79–1.4 ppmv, this instrument has sufficient sensitivity to detect breath acetone with elevated concentrations. Issues in future developments towards an instrument suitable for breath gas testing are discussed.
Simulation-Based Assessment of Rear Effect to Ballistic Helmet Impact (2010)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Group-Based Medium Access for Next-GenerationWireless LANs (2006)

Recently, there has been extensive research interest in increasing the data rates supported by IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. For this purpose, IEEE 802.11 formed Task Group N to develop specifications for high-data-rate wireless LANs. The medium access in the legacy 802.11 is not scalable as it exhibits a large control overhead when the data rates increase and a large collision rate when the number of stations is large. In this paper, we introduce a group-based medium access control (GMAC) protocol for wireless LANs with high data rates and a large number of stations. With GMAC, stations are divided into groups that are free of hidden nodes. Each group has a leader and only group leaders contend using CSMA/CA. Once a group leader wins the contention, it reserves transmission time for all the stations in its group and issues a polling packet specifying the group's schedule. Stations in the same group transmit after their leader according to the polling packet. GMAC achieves significant throughput gain over DCF by reducing the collision rate and the control overhead. Simulation studies show that GMAC maintains a high throughput as the data rates and the number of stations increase
Bayesian theory for target location in noise with unknown spectral density (1999)

A Bayesian approach adapted to practical detection and location tasks of a target in additive Gaussian noise with unknown spectral density is developed and studied. The relevance of this theory is first discussed in comparison with a maximum a posteriori solution that has been recently developed [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A15, 61 (1998)]. The analysis is first performed without considering a particular prior for the spectral density of the noise. General results of the Bayesian approach are thus provided as well as properties of its first-order development, which corresponds to the so-called nonlinear joint-transform correlation frequently used in optical correlators. It is demonstrated that the kernel of the nonlinear filtering is an increasing function of the sum of the spectral density of the reference object and of the input image. Furthermore, it is shown that a power-law mathematical form of the nonlinear filtering is directly related to assumptions on the asymptotic behavior of the prior density probabilities of the unknown spectral density of the noise. These properties constitute new theoretical results in the context of statistical theory concerning the use of nonlinearities in optical correlators.
Eliglustat, an investigational oral therapy for Gaucher disease type 1: Phase 2 trial results after 4 years of treatment (2014)

Eliglustat is an investigational, oral substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). Nineteen treatment-naïve patients have now completed 4years of an open-label study (NCT00358150). Mean hemoglobin level and platelet count increased by 2.3±1.5g/dL (baseline: 11.3±1.5g/dL) and 95% (baseline: 68,700±21,200/mm(3)), respectively. Mean spleen and liver volumes (multiples of normal, MN) decreased by 63% (baseline: 17.3±9.5 MN) and 28% (baseline: 1.7±0.4 MN), respectively. Median chitotriosidase and CCL-18 each decreased by 82%; plasma glucosylceramide and GM3 normalized. Mean bone mineral density T-score for the lumbar spine increased by 0.8 (60%) (baseline: -1.6±1.1). Femur dark marrow, a reflection of Gaucher cell infiltration into bone marrow, was reduced or stable in 17/18 patients. There were no bone crises. Most adverse events were mild and unrelated to treatment. These results extend the safety and efficacy of eliglustat reported at 1 and 2 years to 4 years.
Impacts of Distributed Generation from Virtual Power Plants (2005)

As CO 2 emissions and sustainable energy production have entered the focus of attention in politics and industry, ecologically advantageous alternatives are strongly promoted. We address virtual power plants from an information technological, economic and legal perspective in order to enable decentralized sustainable generation. For the realization of virtual power plants we draw on a peer-to-peer infrastructure with market coordination and legal coverage to manage the distributed generation units and we focus on the combination of power and heat. Based on our prototype for a decentralized market platform, we examine the economic and ecological impacts of an increasing pervasiveness of distributed generation and virtual power plants as well as their potential influence on society. At the social level, we consider questions of local immission, but also of growing awareness for power issues. With regard to the ecology, we expect a reduction of overall primary energy demand resulting from reduced transmission and transformation losses and increased use of combined heat and power plants at a local level leading to a reduction of emissions. Finally, since local distributed generation makes more efficient use of primary energy and long-distance transport lines can be reduced, we expect lower costs for the complete system as well as reduced uncertainty with regard to amortization of investments. Besides a description of the methodology our presentation will include selected results.
[A genetic transfer system in a cyanophyte of the genus Aphanocapsa]. (1976)

The possibility of a genetic transfer, through a process of transformation, has been shown in a unicellular, facultative chemoheterotroph blue-green Algae, Aphanocapsa 6714. Similarly to the process described with Anacystis nidulans, the recipient strain becomes competent when the growth reaches its second, slower, exponential phase. The genetic marker conferring resistance to p-F-phenylalanine has been transferred with a frequency 20 to 100 times higher than that of the spontaneous mutations. The efficiency of transformation decreases by a factor of 70% when the transforming extract, which contains both DNA and RNA, is pretreated with DNase. This transfer process is compared to that observed with A. nidulans by several authors.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Diels—Alder Approach to Hydroxy‐Substituted 6a‐Cyano‐tetrahydro‐6H‐benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones: A Route to Δ<sup>6</sup>‐cis‐Cannabidiol. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bridgeless dual-boost rectifier with reduced diode reverse-recovery problems for power-factor correction (2008)

A bridgeless dual-boost rectifier with reduced diode reverse-recovery problems is proposed for power-factor correction (PFC). In the proposed rectifier, conduction losses are lowered by essentially eliminating the full-bridge diode rectifier. The body diodes of the power switches are utilised as output diodes. A coupled inductor is designed to reduce the reverse-recovery problems of the body diodes. Zero-current switching is realised when the body diodes are turned off. In addition, for the use of this topology in a practical design, a control strategy is suggested by employing the linear peak current mode (LPCM) control. The LPCM control is implemented on leading-edge modulation, providing an efficient control scheme to obtain a high power-factor. The proposed rectifier is investigated theoretically and its design considerations are provided in detail. Finally, the experimental results based on a 500 W prototype are discussed to evaluate the performance of the proposed rectifier for a PFC circuit.
Solvent Dependent Regioselective Hydrogenation of Substituted Quinolines (2004)

Various substituted quinolines have been reduced under H2 using Rh/Al2O3. Using methanol as solvent leads selectively to the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives whereas in hexafluoro­isopropanol the decahydro compounds are obtained.
Targeting Telomerase in Hematologic Malignancy (2010)

Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis. Supporting evidence is underscored by recent findings of mutations in genes involved in telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance that contribute to the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure syndromes. More recently described telomere-independent functions of telomerase are also likely to contribute to both normal hematopoiesis and hematologic diseases. The high levels of telomerase detected in aggressive leukemias have fueled fervent investigation into diverse approaches to targeting telomerase in hematologic malignancies. Successful preclinical investigations that employed genetic strategies, oligonucleotides, small-molecule inhibitors and immunotherapy have resulted in a rapid translation to clinical trials. Further investigation of telomere-independent functions of telomerase and detailed preclinical studies of telomerase inhibition in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis will be invaluable for refining treatments to effectively and safely exploit telomerase as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies.
Determination of the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Methanol from 203 to 263 K and up to 280 MPa from Speed of Sound Measurements (1990)

Abstract The sound speed in liquid methanol has been measured up to 280 MPa and in the temperature range between 203 K and 263 K, using a phase comparison pulse‐echo technique operating at 2 MHz. The density, isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal expansion and the specific heat have been evaluated from the measured sound speed, together with the density and specific heat at 0.1 MPa. A modified computational method originally developed by Davis and Gordon was used. The derived density data have been used to examine the validity of several empirical equations of state.
Silicon-based photonic crystal slabs: two concepts (2002)

We compare theoretically two different concepts of vertical light confinement in two-dimensional (2-D) silicon photonic crystals. Light guidance obtained by variation of the refractive index in an SiO/sub 2//Si/SiO/sub 2/ sandwich structure leads to a complete bandgap for all directions and polarizations with a gap-midgap ratio of about 8.5% and a bandgap for even modes only of about 27%. The complete bandgap is 50% smaller than for 2-D photonic crystals due to the lower confinement of light in the high-index material silicon and polarization mixing. Light guidance obtained by a vertical variation of the porosity, i.e., pore radius, leads under optimum conditions to a bandgap for even modes only, with a gap-midgap ratio of about 10%. The feasibility of such a structure is shown for macroporous silicon where the pore diameter can be varied with depth. In both cases, the optimum slab thickness can be approximated by classical waveguide optics, reducing the parameter space for optimization.
Urinary chiro-Inositol and myo-inositol Excretion is Elevated in the Diabetic db/db Mouse and Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat (2003)

Inositol phosphoglycan molecules containing either D-chiro-inositol or myo-inositol have been isolated from various mammalian tissues and are putative mediators of insulin action. Urinary excretion of inositols appears to be altered in diabetes mellitus; however, the relationships with different types of diabetes are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the urinary excretion of chiro- and myo-inositol in diabetic animal models, including streptozotocin (STZ) rats, db/db mice, and fa/fa Zucker rats. In STZ rats (type 1 diabetes), 12-hr urinary excretion of chiro-inositol was elevated 336-fold and myo-inositol excretion was elevated 47-fold compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. When corrected for creatinine, chiro-inositol excretion was 259-fold higher and myo-inositol excretion was 36-fold higher in STZ rats than in normal rats. The same pattern was observed in db/db mice (type 2 diabetes), where 12-hr urinary chiro-inositol excretion was elevated 247-fold compared with normal mice. When corrected for creatinine, chiro-inositol excretion was 2455-fold higher and urinary myo-inositol excretion was elevated 8.5-fold in db/db mice compared with normal mice. The fa/fa Zucker rats (impaired glucose tolerance) had a pattern of urinary inositol excretion that was similar to the nondiabetic animals (lean Zucker rats, C57BL/6 mice, and Sprague-Dawley rats). In summary, urinary chiro-inositol and myo-inositol excretion was elevated in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, concomitant with hyperglycemia and glucosuria.
Caring For Frail Elderly Parents: A Comparison of Adult Sons and Daughters (1995)

This research examines the impact of various factors on perceived emotional strain of adult son and daughter caregivers of frail elderly parents. Daughters experienced higher levels of emotional strain than did sons. Perceived interference between caregiving and the caregiver's personal and social life predicted emotional strain for both sons and daughters. For daughters the most important predictors of emotional strain were interference with work and quality of relationship with the parent. For sons the most important predictors were behavioral problems of the parent and few informal helpers.
Systems modeling of nonlinear effects in high density digital magnetic recording (2002)

We propose a new nonlinear model for high density magnetic recording systems. Unlike previous Volterra series methods, this model can be constructed based on simple measurements of the isolated transition response and dibit responses. The experimental results show that the proposed nonlinear model accurately predicts the channel output over the entire length of the 1023-bit maximum length pseudo-random binary testing sequence. The validity of our model is also confirmed through the use of a nonlinear canceler in conjunction with class IV partial response (PR4) equalization.
Differential development of neuronal physiological responsiveness in two human neural stem cell lines (2007)

These data demonstrate that overexpression of myc in NSCs can be used to generate electrophysiologically active neurons in culture. Development of a functional neuronal phenotype may be dependent on parameters of isolation and differentiation of the cell lines, indicating that not all human NSCs are functionally equivalent.
Recommendations for a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) (2011)

A brief cognitive assessment for MS has been recommended. A validation protocol has been prepared for language groups and validation studies have commenced.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced spike and plateau in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations in pituitary cells. Relation to prolactin release. (1984)

Using the acetoxymethyl ester of "Quin 2," a fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, we have loaded prolactin (PRL)-producing rat pituitary cells with non-toxic concentrations of Quin 2 and quantitated changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration ( [Ca2+]i) during stimulation of PRL release by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and 40 mM K+. TRH induced a biphasic response, with an immediate (less than 1 s) spike in [Ca2+]i from basal levels (350 +/- 80 nM) to a peak of 1-3 microM, which decayed rapidly (t 1/2 = 8 s) to a near basal nadir, then rising to a plateau in [Ca2+]i of 500-800 nM. The TRH-induced spike phase was attenuated but not abolished by prior addition of EGTA, while the plateau phase was eliminated by EGTA. Addition of 40 mM K+ caused an immediate spike in [Ca2+]i to 1-3 microM which equilibrated slowly (t 1/2 = 1 min) directly to a plateau of 600-800 nM. The K+-induced spike and plateau phases were both abolished by prior addition of EGTA. The biphasic nature of TRH action on [Ca2+]i parallels the biphasic actions of TRH on 45Ca2+ fluxes and the biphasic release of PRL by GH cells in suspension. These findings provide evidence that Ca2+-dependent agonist-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i and hormone release are linked, and may generally have two modes: an acute "spike" mode, dependent primarily on redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ stores; and a sustained "plateau" mode, dependent on influx of extracellular Ca2+.
Nurses with special interests (2011)

High Quality Care for All (Department of Health (DH), 2008) emphasised the centrality of quality within NHS provision based upon a service that is 'fair, personalized, effective and safe'. The challenge of meeting this aspiration is even greater today amid resource constraints and the imperative of transferring more complex care out of hospitals and into primary care and community settings. The quality of care delivered to older people in particular has attracted much negative comment (Ombudsman, 2011), with the values of care and compassion appearing to have evaporated in some services.
Un diálogo espiritual y sanador. Una manera didáctica de hacer pastoral en clave bautismal (2010)

En el programa Vidas Moviles** de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana la teologia tambien hace su aporte a la proyeccion social de la poblacion en situacion de desplazamiento. De este modo, la practica pastoral de la Facultad de Teologia invita a los estudiantes a participar, con riesgo, creatividad e inculturacion, de esta labor humanitaria, aplicando sus conocimientos academicos al contexto de las victimas en Ciudad Bolivar. De este modo, el presente articulo quiere mostrar la aplicacion de la espiritualidad en clave bautismal como contribucion a la salud integral. Este trabajo es fruto de la investigacion para acceder al titulo de teologo.
Comment on "Effect of collisional broadening on Monte Carlo simulations of high-field transport in semiconductor devices" (1981)

Recent Monte Carlo simulations of high-field transport in GaAs have been subject to controversy. A clarification of the aims of the validity range of this calculation is given.