gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bromomisonidazole: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Radiosensitizer (1982)

4-Bromomisonidazole has been synthesized by direct bromination of misonidazole and has been characterized chemically and in animals. The compound is highly stable in vitro and in vivo and, relative to misonidazole, has an increased partition coefficient of 2.9 in octanol-water. In EMT-6/UW tumor-bearing mice, misonidazole and 4-bromomisonidazole (1 mmole/kg) sensitize tumors equally well to /sup 137/Cs ..gamma.. rays; sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.9 (D/sub 0/ (- sensitizer)/D/sub 0/ (+ sensitizer)) were obtained for both drugs. Toxicity studies (LD/sub 50///sub 2 days/) showed that 4-bromomisonidazole is more toxic (LD/sub 50/<6.5 mmole/kg) than misonidazole (LD/sub 50/=9.05 mmole/kg=1.82 mg/g) in C3H/HeJ mice. Biodistribution studies of 4-(/sup 82/Br)bromomisonidazole in mice reveal that iv and ip routes of administration are equally effective in delivering the drug to tissue. The tumor:blood ratio reaches a maximum at 40 min postinjection. Tumor:blood ratios are similar to those for misonidazole; tumor:brain ratios are generally higher. Biodistributions of 4-(/sup 82/Br)bromomisonidazole and (/sup 82/Br)bromide ion are significantly different, suggesting that the label remains on the imidazole ring. Bromomisonidazole is stable, appears to retain its label in vivo, and has biodistribution and toxicity characteristics consistent with its high partition coefficient. It is at least as good a sensitizer as misonidazole. It maymore » retain other properties of misonidazole, which may make it directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells or capable of binding in such cells. These properties suggest that it may be useful for imaging hypoxic cells in tumors as well as other tissues.« less
Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Black Pepper Oil (<i>Piper nigrum</i>L.) (2006)

Abstract An investigation of nitrogen-containing compounds in black pepper oil, by capillary GC, GC/MS and HPLC techniques, revealed 20 previously unreported pyrazines, pyridines and piperidines. These species were found to be present at levels ranging from 150 ppb to 30 ppm. Odor assessment revealed that 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (1.5 ppm) and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (490 ppb) contributed most significantly to the overall odor.
Adjuvant therapy for melanoma. (2001)

Patients with deep primaries (> or = 4 mm) or regional lymph node involvement often require adjuvant therapy in addition to surgery to successfully treat melanoma. Various adjuvant strategies are reviewed. Randomized trials of IFN-alpha adjuvant therapy have demonstrated statistically significant improvements in disease-free and overall survival rates, leading to approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration of the use of 1 year of intensive IFN-alpha2b following surgical resection of high-risk disease. A study comparing high-dose IFN with the ganglioside vaccine GMK was terminated early when the Data Safety Monitoring Committee concluded that the high-dose IFN treatment arm was associated with highly significantly improved relapse-free and overall survival. Studies of IFN-alpha in stage I and II melanoma are reviewed. Dose and schedule issues in the use of IFN-alpha are addressed. In addition to adjuvant therapy with IFN-alpha, various other treatment strategies appear promising. Adjuvant vaccine therapy may be useful for treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Polyvalent melanoma vaccines are discussed as a potential adjuvant therapy. Finally, nonrandomized preliminary studies suggest that postoperative radiation to the neck or axilla after radical lymph node dissection may decrease regional recurrence rates in node-positive patients, supporting the selective use of radiation therapy for melanoma.
Novel thrombin inhibitors with azaphenylalanine scaffold. (2001)

In this paper the synthesis and antithrombotic activity of a series of novel thrombin inhibitors with azaphenylalanine scaffold are described. By systematic structural modifications for this series we have identified optimal groups for achieving nanomolar potency, that led to potent inhibitors of thrombin with Ki values up to 11 nM.
HfC-FEA controlled by built-in poly-Si TFT (2006)

The HfC-coated Si field emitter arrays (FEA) integrated with poly-Si thin film transistors (TFT) was fabricated in this paper. The emission current was completely controlled by the build-in poly-Si TFT with lightly doped drain (LDD) structure and long channel. The switching voltage of the device is about 10 V, which is lower than that when modulating extraction gate voltage. The TFT integrated FEA is promising for uniform and low power consumption FED system. And furthermore, system on FED panel would be realized by applying current low temperature poly-Si TFT technology.
Combining fairness with throughput (2000)

This paper presents online algorithms for routing and bandwidth allocation which simultaneously approximate fair and max-throughput solutions. In fact, the algorithms solve a more difficult problem: for any bandwidth b, the number of sessions that get bandwidth b in the online algorithm is not smaller than the number of sessions receiving vb offiine, where V is the competitive ratio. This problem is provably harder than the problem of maximizing throughput (e.g.
The mechanism of the alkaline phosphatase reaction: insights from NMR, crystallography and site‐specific mutagenesis (1999)

The proposed double in-line displacement mechanism of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) involving two-metal ion catalysis is based on NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies. This mechanism is further supported by the X-ray crystal structures of the covalent phospho-enzyme intermediate of the H331Q mutant AP and of the transition state complex between the wild-type enzyme and vanadate, a transition state analog. Kinetic and structural studies on several genetically engineered versions of AP illustrate the overall importance of the active site's metal geometry, hydrogen bonding network and electrostatic potential in the catalytic mechanism.
Multidimensional Analysis and Visualization on Large Biomedical Data (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Classical Multidimensional Visualization Techniques Two-Dimensional Projections Issues and Challenges Systematic Exploration of Low-Dimensional Projections One-Dimensional Histogram Ordering Two-Dimensional Scatterplot Ordering Conclusion References
Uranium Adsorbent Fibers Prepared by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) from Poly(vinyl chloride)-<i>co</i>-chlorinated Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-<i>co</i>-CPVC) Fiber (2016)

The need to secure future supplies of energy attracts researchers in several countries to a vast resource of nuclear energy fuel: uranium in seawater (estimated at 4.5 billion tons in seawater). In this study, we developed effective adsorbent fibers for the recovery of uranium from seawater via atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from a poly(vinyl chloride)-co-chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-co-CPVC) fiber. ATRP was employed in the surface graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA), precursors for uranium-interacting functional groups, from PVC-co-CPVC fiber. The [tBA]/[AN] was systematically varied to identify the optimal ratio between hydrophilic groups (from tBA) and uranyl-binding ligands (from AN). The best performing adsorbent fiber, the one with the optimal [tBA]/[AN] ratio and a high degree of grafting (1390%), demonstrated uranium adsorption capacities that are significantly greater than those of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) reference fiber in natural seawater tests (2.42–3.24 g/kg in 42 days of seawater exposure and 5.22 g/kg in 49 days of seawater exposure, versus 1.66 g/kg in 42 days of seawater exposure and 1.71 g/kg in 49 days of seawater exposure for JAEA). Adsorption of other metal ions from seawater and their corresponding kinetics were also studied. The grafting of alternative monomers for the recovery of uranium from seawater is now under development by this versatile technique of ATRP.
Microstrip antennas with reduced surface-wave and lateral-wave excitation (2002)

Surface-wave and lateral-wave excitation from microstrip antennas results in undesirable edge diffraction of these fields from the edges of the substrate and ground plane, as well as undesirable mutual coupling between antenna elements. The edge diffraction of the surface waves and lateral waves may result in significant degradation of the radiation pattern, including frontside pattern rippling and backside fields. The mutual coupling due to the surface waves and lateral waves causes variations in the array scan impedance, including effects such as scan blindness.
High-Glucose Inhibits Human Fibroblast Cell Migration in Wound Healing via Repression of bFGF-Regulating JNK Phosphorylation (2014)

One of the major symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM) is delayed wound healing, which affects large populations of patients worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism behind this illness remains elusive. Skin wound healing requires a series of coordinated processes, including fibroblast cell proliferation and migration. Here, we simulate DM by application of high glucose (HG) in human foreskin primary fibroblast cells to analyze the molecular mechanism of DM effects on wound healing. The results indicate that HG, at a concentration of 30 mM, delay cell migration, but not cell proliferation. bFGF is known to promote cell migration that partially rescues HG effects on cell migration. Molecular and cell biology studies demonstrated that HG enhanced ROS production and repressed JNK phosphorylation, but did not affect Rac1 activity. JNK and Rac1 activation were known to be important for bFGF regulated cell migration. To further confirm DM effects on skin repair, a type 1 diabetic rat model was established, and we observed the efficacy of bFGF on both normal and diabetic rat skin repair. Furthermore, proteomic studies identified an increase of Annexin A2 protein nitration in HG-stressed fibroblasts and the nitration was protected by activation of bFGF signaling. Treatment with FGFR1 and JNK inhibitors delayed cell migration and increased Annexin A2 nitration levels, indicating that Annexin A2 nitration is modulated by bFGF signaling via activation of JNK. Together with these results, our data suggests that the HG-mediated delay of cell migration is linked to the inhibition of bFGF signaling, specifically through JNK suppression.
An efficient framework for order optimization (2004)

Since the introduction of cost-based query optimization, the performance-critical role of interesting orders has been recognized. Some algebraic operators change interesting orders (e.g. sort and select), while others exploit interesting orders (e.g. merge join). The two operations performed by any query optimizer during plan generation are 1) computing the resulting order given an input order and an algebraic operator and 2) determining the compatibility between a given input order and the required order a given algebraic operator can beneficially exploit. Since these two operations are called millions of times during plan generation, they are highly performance-critical. The third crucial parameter is the space requirement for annotating every plan node with its output order. Lately, a powerful framework for reasoning about orders has been developed, which is based on functional dependencies. Within this framework, the current state-of-the-art algorithms for implementing the above operations both have a lower bound time requirement /spl Omega/(n), where n is the number of functional dependencies involved. Further, the lower bound for the space requirement for every plan node is /spl Omega/(n). We improve these bounds by new algorithms with upper time bounds O(1). That is, our algorithms for both operations work in constant time during plan generation, after a one-time preparation step. Further, the upper bound for the space requirement for plan nodes is O(1) for our approach. Besides, our algorithm reduces the search space by detecting and ignoring irrelevant orderings. Experimental results with a full-fledged query optimizer show that our approach significantly reduces the total time needed for plan generation. As a corollary of our experiments, it follows that the time spent for order processing is a nonnegligible part of plan generation.
A Facile and Scalable Route to the Preparation of Catalytic Membranes with in Situ Synthesized Supramolecular Dendrimer Particle Hosts for Pt(0) Nanoparticles Using a Low-Generation PAMAM Dendrimer (G1-NH<sub>2</sub>) as Precursor (2018)

Since the first reports of Cu dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) published in 1998, the dendrimer-templating method has become the best and most versatile method for preparing ultrafine metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles (1-3 nm) with well-defined compositions, high catalytic activity, and tunable selectivity. However, DENs have remained for the most part model systems with limited prospects for scale up and integration into high-performance and reusable catalytic modules and systems for industrial-scale applications. Here, we describe a facile and scalable route to the preparation of catalytic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with in situ synthesized supramolecular dendrimer particles (SDPs) that can serve as hosts and containers for Pt(0) nanoparticles (2-3 nm). These new catalytic membranes were prepared using a reactive encapsulation process similar to that utilized to prepare Pt DENs by addition of a reducing agent (sodium borohydride) to aqueous complexes of Pt(II) + G4-OH/G6-OH polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. However, the SDPs (2.4 μm average diameter) of our new mixed matrix PVDF-PAMAM membranes were synthesized in the dope dispersion without purification prior to film casting using (i) a low-generation PAMAM dendrimer (G1-NH<sub>2</sub>) as particle precursor and (ii) epichlorohydrin, an inexpensive functional reagent, as cross-linker. In addition, the membrane PAMAM particles contain secondary amine groups (∼1.9 mequiv per gram of dry membrane), which are more basic and thus have higher Pt binding affinity than the tertiary amine groups of the G4-OH and G6-OH PAMAM dendrimers. Proof-of-concept experiments show that our new PVDF-PAMAM-G1-Pt/membranes can serve as highly active and reusable catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes to the corresponding alkanes using (i) H<sub>2</sub> at room temperature and a pressure of 1 bar and (ii) low catalyst loadings of ∼1.4-1.6 mg of Pt. Using cyclohexene as model substrate, we observed near quantitative conversion to cyclohexane (∼98%). The regeneration studies showed that our new Pt/membrane catalysts are stable and can be reused for five consecutive reaction cycles for a total duration of 120 h including 60 h of heating at 100 °C under vacuum for substrate, product, and solvent removal with no detectable loss of cyclohexene hydrogenation activity. The overall results of our study point to a promising, versatile, and scalable path for the integration of catalytic membranes with in situ synthesized SDP hosts for Pt(0) nanoparticles into high-throughput modules and systems for heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenations, an important class of reactions that are widely utilized in industry to produce pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
Robot fish detection based on a combination method of three-frame-difference and background subtraction (2014)

By combining three-frame-difference method with background subtraction method, an approach is proposed for rapid detection and identification of moving targets. First the background frame is achieved after decoding frame operation on video which is collected by the robotic fish platform and made into gray-level. Then the threshold determined by the OTSU algorithm is employed to transform them into binary images. After that, a new binary image (F1) that the moving targets are extracted is obtained by three-frame-difference method mixed with AND logic operator and the mathematical morphology operation. If moving targets are detected in frame (F1), background subtraction method is applied to get another binary images (F2); otherwise specific messages will be shown in the frame. Finally, accurate image is obtained by using the 4-neighbor topology method mixed with the AND operation between F1 and F2. Program simulation experiments show that in the robotic fish system the proposed algorithm can detect fish and judge moving situation accurately, completely and quickly.
Development of Semicondutor Lasers and their Applications (2003)

In this paper, the principle, development and applications of the semiconductor lasers have been introduced briefly.
Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) (2010)

Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) were reviewed by extracting original and review publications included in MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE libraries using the terms "hidradenitis," "Verneuil" and "acne inversa." Follicular occlusion disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn disease, spondylarthropathy, other hyperergic diseases, genetic keratin disorders associated with follicular occlusion and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common hidradenitis suppurativa comorbid diseases. A first classification of these major comorbidities and their possible genetic background reveals a list of chromosome loci and genes, which could be hidradenitis suppurativa candidates. Most of these diseases belong to the group of autoinflammatory disorders, where th17 cell cytokines seem to play a central role.
A Conceptual Framework for Business Intelligence as a Service (SaaS BI) (2011)

With the rapid development of web technology, an increasing number of enterprises having been seeking for a method to facilitate business decision making process, power the bottom line, and achieve a fully coordinated organization, called business intelligence (BI). Unfortunately, traditional BI tends to be unmanageable, risky and prohibitively expensive, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The emergence of cloud computing and Software as a Service (SaaS) provides a cost effective solution. Recently, business intelligence applications delivered via SaaS, termed as Business Intelligence as a Service (SaaS BI), has proved to be the next generation in BI market. However, since SaaS BI just comes in its infant stage, a general framework maybe poorly considered. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a general conceptual framework for SaaS BI, and presented several possible future directions of SaaS BI.
Preparation of hydroxy crown ethers by reactions of diphenols with epichlorohydrin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of hydroxy crown ethers by reactions of diphenols with epichlorohydrinGwi Suk Heo, Richard A. Bartsch, Lucinda L. Schlobohm, and Jong Gun LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 17, 3574–3575Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00330a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00330a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
INFLUENCE OF BUFFER SOLUTION ON TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION (2012)

TEMPO-mediated oxidation has been reported to effectively convert C6 primary hydroxyl groups to carboxyl groups for better water-solubility. However, the pH decreases continuously during the oxidation process, and it is therefore difficult to maintain the stability of the reaction. The control of pH at a constant level throughout the oxidation process is a complicated task. The applicability of a carbonate buffer system and a borax buffer system with various continuous addition rate of sodium hypochlorite solution was considered. Carbonate buffer solution and borax buffer solution can efficiently buffer the pH. The results of carboxyl content and DP of celluloses proved that the activities of sodium hypochlorite solution can be maintained when sodium hypochlorite is added with controlled flow rates without adjusting pH by hydrochloric acid. Buffer solutions created a milder reaction environment in which the damage of celluloses would be buffered. The conclusion was consistent with DP tests of celluloses. Compared with carbonate buffer, the borax buffer with high ability of penetration could enhance the depth and width of oxidation, which was demonstrated by the results of X-ray diffraction patterns and carboxyl content of celluloses.
Optoelectronic printed circuit board: 3D structures written by two-photon absorption (2008)

The integration of optical interconnects in printed circuit boards (PCB) is a rapidly growing field due to a continuously increasing demand for high data rates, along with a progressive miniaturization of devices and components. For high-speed data transfer, materials and integration concepts are searched for which enable high-speed short-range connections, accounting also for miniaturization, and costs. Many concepts are discussed so far for the integration of optics in PCB: the use of optical fibers, or the generation of waveguides by UV lithography, embossing, or direct laser writing. Most of the concepts require many different materials and process steps. In addition, they also need highly-sophisticated assembly steps in order to couple the optoelectronic elements to the optical waveguides. An innovative approach is presented which only makes use of only one individual inorganic-organic hybrid polymer material to fabricate optical waveguides by two-photon absorption (TPA) processes. Particularly, the waveguides can be directly integrated on pre-configured PCB by in situ positioning the optical waveguides with respect to the mounted optoelectronic components by the TPA process. Thus, no complex packaging or assembly is necessary, and the number of process steps is significantly reduced, where the process fits ideally into the PCB fabrication process. The material properties, the TPA processing of waveguides, and the integration concept will be discussed. Recent experiments employing vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers demonstrated data rates exceeding 6 Gbit/s.