gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific localization and imaging of amyloid deposits in vivo using 123I-labeled serum amyloid P component. (1988)

Highly specific, high-resolution scintigraphic images of amyloid-laden organs in mice with experimentally induced amyloid A protein (AA) amyloidosis were obtained after intravenous injection of 123I-labeled serum amyloid P component (SAP). Interestingly, a much higher proportion (up to 40%) of the injected dose of heterologous human SAP localized to amyloid and was retained there than was the case with isologous mouse SAP, indicating that human SAP binds more avidly to mouse AA fibrils than does mouse SAP. Specificity of SAP localization was established by the failure of the related proteins, human C-reactive protein and Limulus C-reactive protein, to deposit significantly in amyloid and by the absence of human SAP deposition in nonamyloidotic organs. However, only partial correlations were observed between the quantity of SAP localized and two independent estimates, histology and RIA for AA of the amount of amyloid in particular organs. It is not clear which of the three methods used reflects better the extent or clinical significance of the amyloid deposits but in vivo localization of radiolabeled SAP, detectable and quantifiable by gamma camera imaging, is apparently extremely sensitive. These findings establish the use of labeled SAP as a noninvasive in vivo diagnostic probe in experimental amyloidosis, potentially capable of revealing the natural history of the condition, and suggest that it may also be applicable generally as a specific targeting agent for diagnostic and even therapeutic purposes in clinical amyloidosis.
Free-positioning wireless charging system for hearing aids using a bowl-shaped transmitting coil (2014)

This paper proposes a wireless power transfer system for charging hearing aids. A bowl-shaped transmitting (Tx) coil is to achieve free-positioning of wireless charging. The proposed Tx coil consists of both spiral and conical-shaped helical loops in series. A receiving coil is wound on a rectangular box made of ferrite sheets to improve coupling coefficients. It is shown that the proposed system can uniformly recharge a Li-Ion battery of the hearing aid with 30% overall efficiency in the parallel arrangement. Furthermore, even in the perpendicular arrangement, the battery can be recharged except a narrow dead zone near the center of the Tx coil.
Notch signaling mediates melanoma–endothelial cell communication and melanoma cell migration (2013)

Stromal and cellular components within the tumor microenvironment significantly influence molecular signals mediating tumor growth and progression. We recently performed a screen to evaluate critical mediators of melanoma-endothelial communication and identified several molecular pathways associated with these cellular networks, including Notch3. Here, we evaluate the nature of melanoma-endothelial communication mediated by Notch3 and its functional significance. We find that Notch3 is specifically upregulated in melanoma-endothelial cell cocultures and is functionally associated with increased Notch signaling in melanoma cells. Furthermore, induced Notch3 signaling in melanoma cell lines leads to enhanced tumor cell migration without associated increases in tumor cell growth. Additionally, Notch3 expression is specifically associated with malignant patient samples and is not evident in benign nevi. We conclude that Notch3 mediates melanoma-endothelial cell communication and tumor cell migration and may serve as a meaningful therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy.
Soft source decoding with applications (2001)

Motivated by previous results in joint source-channel coding and decoding, we consider the problem of decoding of variable-length codes using soft channel values. We present results of decoding of selected codes using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder and the sequential decoder, and show the performance gains over decoding using hard decisions alone. The objective behind this work is to provide motivation for decoding of data compressed by standard source coding schemes, that is, to view the compressed bitstreams as being the output of variable-length coders and to make use of the redundancy in the bitstreams to assist in decoding. In order to illustrate the performance achievable by soft decoding, we provide results for decoding of MPEG-4 reversible variable-length codes as well as for decoding of MPEG-4 overhead information, under the assumption that this information is transmitted without channel coding over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. Finally, we present a method of unequal error protection for an MPEG-4 bitstream using the MAP and sequential source decoders, and show results comparable to those achievable by serial application of source and channel coding.
High‐Throughput Cytotoxicity Screening by Propidium Iodide Staining (2007)

This unit describes a system for the automated high-throughput analysis of cell cytotoxicity in 96-well and 384-well microplates. Discrete cell cultures are analyzed at rates of 40/min (approximately 2.5 min/96 wells, approximately 10 min/384 wells) and cytotoxicity is quantified on the basis of a combination of propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence analysis and cell counting performed by the flow cytometer. Only 2 microl is aspirated from a culture for analysis so that assays can be performed in small volumes to minimize reagent cost and usage.
Detection of Caspase Activation In Situ by Fluorochrome-Labeled Caspase Inhibitors (2001)

Apoptosis is dependent on the activation of a group of proteolytic enzymes called caspases. Caspase activation can be detected by immunoblotting using caspase-specific antibodies or by caspase activity measurement employing pro-fluorescent substrates that become fluorescent upon cleavage by the caspase. Most of these methods require the preparation of cell extracts and, therefore, are not suitable for the detection of active caspases within the living cell. Using FAM-VAD-FMK, we have developed a simple and sensitive assay for the detection of caspase activity in living cells. FAM-VAD-FMK is a carboxyfluorescein (FAM) derivative of benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-FMK), which is a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor of caspases. FAM-VAD-FMK enters the cell and irreversibly binds to activated caspases. Cells containing bound FAM-VAD-FMK can be analyzed by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, or a fluorescence plate reader. Using FAM-VAD-FMK, we have measured caspase activation in live non-adherent and adherent cells. We show that FAM-VAD-FMK labeled Jurkat and HeLa cells that had undergone apoptosis following treatment with camptothecin or staurosporine. Non-stimulated negative control cells were not stained. Pretreatment with the general caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK blocked caspase-specific staining in induced Jurkat and HeLa cells. Pretreatment of staurosporine-induced Jurkat cells with FAM-VAD-FMK inhibited affinity labeling of caspase-3, -6, and -7, blocked caspase-specific cell staining, and led to the inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, the fluorescent control inhibitor FAM-FA-FMK had no effect. Measurement of caspase activation in 96-well plates showed a 3- to 5-fold increase in FAM-fluorescence in staurosporine-treated cells compared to control cells. In summary, we show that FAM-VAD-FMK is a versatile and specific tool for detecting activated caspases in living cells.
A 96-well epifluorescence assay for rapid assessment of compounds inhibitory to Candida spp (1986)

A rapid method for the screening of potential antifungal compounds was developed. A variety of compounds were tested against regenerating protoplasts of Candida spp. in a microtiter format. The degree of cell wall formation was assessed by staining with Cellufluor (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, Pa.), a fluorochrome with known affinity for chitin, followed by determination of fluorescence by using a Dynatech Microfluor reader (Dynatech Laboratories, Inc., Alexandria, Va.). Compounds with known activity against the cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane of fungi inhibited wall synthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion. Treatment with 5-fluorocytosine, however, resulted in no inhibition. In general, protoplasts of C. albicans regenerated more quickly and were more sensitive to the compounds tested than protoplasts of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. While the described method is not specific for a given class of antifungal agents, it may prove useful for testing large numbers of compounds quickly.
PROPAGATION DE FISSURE SUR X38CrMoV5 SUR EPROUVETTES A L’ECHELLE REDUITE (2008)

Cette étude concerne la caractérisation et la modélisation de l’endommagement des surfaces d’outillages en service (type outillages de fonderie). La littérature montre que l’endommagement des surfaces d’outillages (ex. faïençage) peut présenter une profondeur comprise entre 50 et quelques centaines de micromètres. Des travaux sur l’endommagement de matériaux d’épaisseur mince utilisés en électronique énoncent que les propriétés mécaniques sont dépendantes de l’épaisseur des échantillons. En effet, les propriétés mécaniques (vitesse de propagation de fissures, limite élastique,...) d’un matériau de faible épaisseur (éprouvette mince) peuvent être différentes des propriétés du même matériau de forte épaisseur.
Collagenase-1 (MMP-1) and HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective longitudinal study. (2002)

Our results do not support the hypothesis of an association between this particular polymorphism in the MMP-1 gene promoter and susceptibility to, or severity of, RA. This study confirms the previous reports of an association between the HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and severity of RA.
An Opportunistic Pathogen Afforded Ample Opportunities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2017)

The human coronaviruses (CoV) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, some of which have been known for decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV briefly emerged into the human population but was controlled. In 2012, another novel severely human pathogenic CoV-the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV-was identified in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 80% of over 2000 human cases have been recorded over five years. Targeted research remains key to developing control strategies for MERS-CoV, a cause of mild illness in its camel reservoir. A new therapeutic toolbox being developed in response to MERS is also teaching us more about how CoVs cause disease. Travel-related cases continue to challenge the world's surveillance and response capabilities, and more data are needed to understand unexplained primary transmission. Signs of genetic change have been recorded, but it remains unclear whether there is any impact on clinical disease. How camels came to carry the virus remains academic to the control of MERS. To date, human-to-human transmission has been inefficient, but virus surveillance, characterisation, and reporting are key to responding to any future change. MERS-CoV is not currently a pandemic threat; it is spread mainly with the aid of human habit and error.
Inversion of Contrast in Ferroelectric Smectic C Liquid Crystal Displays (1988)

Abstract Contrast inversion has been observed in ferroelectric smectic C liquid crystal displays when multiplexed using a standard two-slot multiplexing scheme. This occurs when the switching response moves from the trailing half of the double pulse to the leading half at relatively high voltages and short time slots. The effect is explained with reference to the voltage-time switching dependency. Some important implications for multiplexing are pointed out.
Structural Requirements of 2-Oxoglutaric Acid Analogues To Mimic Its Signaling Function (2013)

A 2-oxoglutaric acid (2-OG) probe bearing a methylene group introduced at the C4 position and a vinyl group to replace the carbonyl group at the C2 position elicited characteristic affinity for NtcA, the 2-OG receptor, while maintaining the signaling function of the parent natural metabolite 2-OG. This discovery opens new perspectives in the design, synthesis, and implementation of specific 2-OG analogues as molecular probes for investigating the complex 2-OG signaling pathways.
A tobacco smoke-derived nitrosamine, 4-(methytnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, is activated by multiple human cytocbrome P450s including the polymorphic human cytochrome P4502D6 (1991)

We have developed a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, designated 2D6/Hol, which stably expresses human cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 cDNA. This cell line exhibits bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity and immunologically detectable CYP2D6 protein. The specific activity of (+)-bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase in microsomes from 2D6/Hol cells was comparable to that observed in human liver microsomes. This cell line was used to examine the mutagenicity activation of three tobacco smoke-derived nitrosamines, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-4-butanal) (NNA) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), by CYP2D6. Exposure of 2D6/Hol cells to NNK concentrations of 30-90 micrograms/ml induced a concentration-dependent decrease in relative survival and increase in mutant fraction at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus. In contrast, NNK was non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic to control cells at exposure concentrations up to 150 micrograms/ml. NNK mutagenicity in 2D6/Hol cells was compared to the responses observed in isogenic cell lines expressing human CYP1A2 (1A2/Hol), human CYP2A3 (2A3/Hol) and human CYP2E1 (2E1/Hol). These three additional human cytochrome P450-expressing cell lines were also found to be sensitive to NNK-induced mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. We found no evidence for CYP2D6-mediated activation of NNN or NNA. NNN was non-cytotoxic and non-mutagenic to both control and 2D6/Hol cells. NNA was equally cytotoxic and mutagenic to control cells and 2D6/Hol cells. The activation of NNA to a mutagen may have been carried out by P450 native to the AHH-1 TK +/- cell line. The 2D6/Hol cell line, in conjunction with the control cell line and other isogenic cell lines expressing other human cytochrome P450 cDNAs provides a useful system for the examination of the role of the polymorphic CYP2D6 in human procarcinogen activation and drug metabolism.
Interferometer for small-angle measurement based on total internal reflection (1998)

We describe a new method for angle measurement based on the internal-reflection effect and heterodyne interferometry. A novel prism assembly is designed that can always parallel retroreflect the incoming light beams so the optical configuration is compact. As a differential common-path optical configuration is integrated into the design, the linearity of the method is greatly improved. Details of theoretical analysis of the method and experimental verification of the principle are presented. The resolution can be better than 0.3 arc sec. The experimental results and further improvements of the proposed method are also addressed.
Assessing business continuity risks in IT (2007)

Over the past years, IT has grown in importance in business operations. For most companies it has become vital for their functioning, with large losses and the potential for default if the systems fail. This growth was not precisely planned, it occurred in an organic fashion; IT systems have evolved. Because of this evolutionary process, companies might not be aware of the risks that are hidden in their IT systems. This paper presents a model based approach to quantify the risk. This approach builds on the risk process, which sees risks as a chain of causes and effects. For IT systems the phases are causes, resources, processes and consequences. The model allows for large numbers of items. However, for business purposes it is important to keep the numbers low. The approach also allows for ranking within the categories. The approach was applied in Essent Netwerk, a large Dutch energy network manager. The application of the approach led to a review of the current IT fallback scenario's.
Segmentation of complex objects with non-spherical topologies from volumetric medical images using 3D livewire (2007)

Segmentation of 3D data is one of the most challenging tasks in medical image analysis. While reliable automatic methods are typically preferred, their success is often hindered by poor image quality and significant variations in anatomy. Recent years have thus seen an increasing interest in the development of semi-automated segmentation methods that combine computational tools with intuitive, minimal user interaction. In an earlier work, we introduced a highly-automated technique for medical image segmentation, where a 3D extension of the traditional 2D Livewire was proposed. In this paper, we present an enhanced and more powerful 3D Livewire-based segmentation approach with new features designed to primarily enable the handling of complex object topologies that are common in biological structures. The point ordering algorithm we proposed earlier, which automatically pairs up seedpoints in 3D, is improved in this work such that multiple sets of points are allowed to simultaneously exist. Point sets can now be automatically merged and split to accommodate for the presence of concavities, protrusions, and non-spherical topologies. The robustness of the method is further improved by extending the 'turtle algorithm', presented earlier, by using a turtle-path pruning step. Tests on both synthetic and real medical images demonstrate the efficiency, reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed approach. Among the examples illustrated is the segmentation of the left and right ventricles from a T1-weighted MRI scan, where an average task time reduction of 84.7% was achieved when compared to a user performing 2D Livewire segmentation on every slice.
The U.S. Digital Agenda at WIPO (1996)

and the Kapot Family Foundation for the support they provided to the Digital Future Coalition, which, as a consequence, was able to be an active participant in the events discussed in this Article, both in the United States and in Geneva.1.The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that has responsibility for, among other things, hosting discussions and negotiations concerning international intellectual property norms.For a discussion of the Berne Convention and the role of WIPO, see Sam Ricketson, The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic works: 1886-1986 (1987).2. An invaluable resource for understanding the daily happenings at the diplomatic conference in Geneva were the day-by-day reports prepared by Seth Greenstein for the Home Recording Rights Coalition, which could be found at <httpil/www.hrrc.org/newswipo.html>until they were taken down off this website a month or so after the conference ended.
A system for driver behavioral indicators processing and archiving (2006)

This paper presents the DBITE (driver behavior interface test equipment) system developed in the RoadSense (road awareness for driving via a strategy that evaluates numerous systems) European project (5th PCRD) to implement an evaluation methodology of the driver behavior based on human factors indicators calculation. The DBITE is a distributed architecture embedded in a vehicle, dedicated to the data collection and to the calculation of metrics. The technical feasibility of this methodology was proven on a case study with an ADAS (advanced driver assistance systems) of a car manufacturer
Acute Pretreatment with Chloroquine Attenuates Renal I/R Injury in Rats (2014)

Our study shows for the first time that a single dose of chloroquine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) could afford significant protection of the injured rat kidney.
Periodontal Repair in Dogs: Space Provision by Reinforced ePTFE Membranes Enhances Bone and Cementum Regeneration in Large Supraalveolar Defects (1994)

Regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum following reconstructive therapy with reinforced space providing expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) membranes was evaluated in supraalveolar mandibular premolar periodontal defects in five beagle dogs. The surgically-created defects in contralateral jaw quadrants were randomly assigned to receive the dome-shaped membrane or serve as surgical control. Flaps were positioned to completely submerge the teeth and sutured. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery and tissue blocks including teeth and surrounding structures processed for histology. Membrane treated defects in two animals became exposed and infected leaving intact quadrants in three dogs for histometric analysis. Parameters evaluated included defect height, height and area of regenerated alveolar bone, height of regenerated cementum, root resorption, and ankylosis. Mean defect height approximated 4.1 mm. Mean height (+/- s.d.) of regenerated alveolar bone amounted to 2.9 +/- 0.6 and 0.6 +/- 0.2 mm for membrane and control defects, respectively (P = 0.006). Corresponding values for bone area were 1.4 +/- 0.7 and 0.4 +/- 0.4 mm2 (P = 0.02). Cementum regeneration was observed in all teeth averaging (+/- s.d.) 1.6 +/- 0.3 mm for membrane treated and 0.1 +/- 0.1 mm for control defects (P = 0.01). Small amounts of root resorption were seen in all teeth with no significant difference between treatments. Ankylosis was noticed in three membrane treated and two control teeth. The present study provides a biologic rationale for space provision for enhanced bone and cementum regeneration in periodontal defects subject to reconstructive therapy.
A high salt tolerance and low adsorption drag reducer based on non-covalent enhancement (2020)

To formulate fluids with flowback water, produced water directly to improve the utilization rate of recycling and reduce the adsorption damage of slick water to reservoirs, a high salt tolerance and low adsorption drag reducer was designed and prepared by introducing polar cation fragments to enhance the non-covalent interactions between the chains. The drag reducer was characterized by IR and NMR. Friction resistance and viscosity tests were conducted to evaluate its salt resistance property. Static adsorption and dynamic adsorption retention tests were carried out to evaluate the damage of this reducer to shale reservoirs. The introduction of cation units into the molecular structure can weak the shielding effect of metal cations to some extent, so the drag reducer can keep a stable molecular structure and good resistant reducing performance under high salinity. The enhancement of non-covalent interaction between chains decreased the free polarity sites, further reduced the possibility of hydrogen bonding between drag reducer molecules and shale. In high salinity condition, both the adsorption capacity of the drag reducer on the shale surface and the average damage rate to the core permeability are low. Compared with the conventional salt-tolerant system, the overall liquid cost was reduced by 17% and the production per well increased by 44%. The application of this slick water system has achieved remarkable results.
Temporal coupled mode theory for thermal emission from a single thermal emitter supporting either a single mode or an orthogonal set of modes (2013)

We propose a temporal coupled mode theory for thermal emission from a single emitter supporting either a single mode or an orthogonal set of modes. This temporal coupled mode theory provides analytic insights into the general behaviors of resonant thermal emitters. We validate the coupled mode theory formalism by a direct numerical simulation of the emission properties of single emitters.