gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano Magnetic STT-Logic Partitioning for Optimum Performance (2013)

Magnetoresistive RAMs (MRAMs) are the new generation of nonvolatile memories that use magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to store bit information. Horizontal (bit and source) and vertical (word) lines partition the MRAM into a 2-D grid similar to a conventional memory. This paper relies on a logic-in-memory architecture where MRAM cells are placed in close proximity so that they can behave both as logic elements and as memory bits. When the clock signal is active the cells compute logic, while at other times the cells store the data in them and behave as memory. Using these MRAM cells, in this paper, we have designed two fundamental components in datapath and logic circuits, the XOR and majority. By transferring logic responsibilities between the metal lines, CMOS peripherals and the MTJs, we have achieved a significant reduction in MTJ cell count, energy, and delay over previous designs. For example, an energy savings of more than 75% and a cell reduction of more than 81.25% are obtained for a 2-input XOR in standalone mode of operation. Though this hybrid sharing of responsibilities between the MTJs and CMOS has apparently increased the overhead on CMOS, it has however reduced the net power consumption in the CMOS peripherals. This happens because the CMOS now has a fewer number of cells to control. The reduction in the CMOS power varies from close to 50% for a 2-input XOR to greater than 10% for a majority. In addition, the designs also obey the rules of hierarchical modeling which helped us to use the novel 2-input XORs as bricks for designing the novel 3-input XOR. Again a 3-input XOR and majority are used to custom develop a one-bit full adder. Together with an inter-cell spacing of 20 nm and low power spin transfer torque current-driven write and clock operations, the novel designs presented in this paper has the potential to target the low energy and high density logic-in-memory applications.
Systems metabolic engineering : methods and protocols (2013)

With the ultimate goal of systematically and robustly defining the specific perturbations necessary to alter a cellular phenotype, systems metabolic engineering has the potential to lead to a complete cell model capable of simulating cell and metabolic function as well as predicting phenotypic response to changes in media, gene knockouts/overexpressions, or the incorporation of heterologous pathways. In Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe the methodologies and approaches in the area of systems metabolic engineering and provide a step-by-step guide for their implementation. Four major tenants of this approach are addressed, including modeling and simulation, multiplexed genome engineering, ‘omics technologies, and large data-set incorporation and synthesis, all elucidated through the use of model host organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions on their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for metabolic engineers, molecular biologists, and microbiologists aiming to implement the most recent approaches available in the field
Homelessness in the City of Atlanta (2015)

The primary focus of this study is to determine the impact that Atlanta City urban renewal practices have on the conditions of homelesssness [sic]. It is argued within the confines of this paper that these practices contribute significantly to the rise of homelessness. This perspective can be documented via historical data and examining the dominant role of Atlanta's commercial elite in the policy making process in regard to housing. Nonetheless, a portrait of the homeless in Atlanta is provided to illustrate the seriousness of this urban ill and who are affected the most. The rate of homelessness serves as the dependent variable whereas urban renewal practices (gentrification) allowed by Atlanta government serve as the independent variable.
Lignin Functionalization through Chemical Demethylation: Preparation and Tannin-Like Properties of Demethylated Guaiacyl-Type Synthetic Lignins (2017)

Demethylation of guaiacyl-type synthetic lignin (GDHP) with three different reagents, 1-dodecanethiol (DSH), hydroiodic acid (HI), and iodocyclohexane (ICH), was investigated as a basic study for lignin functionalization. Demethylation did not proceed efficiently in the reaction with DSH, although cleavage of the lignin side chains and nucleophilic substitution by DSH occurred. Demethylation proceeded efficiently in the reactions with HI and ICH, with significant cleavage of the lignin side chains. Furthermore, a recondensation reaction also occurred in the reaction with ICH. As a result, ICH was found to be the most effective demethylation reagent for increasing the phenolic-OH levels in the synthetic lignin. GDHP demethylated with ICH showed higher tannin-like properties (bovine serum albumin adsorption, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and iron(III) binding abilities) than nondemethylated GDHP. The latter two abilities especially were significantly improved. In addition, it was found from preliminary experiments that the demethylated GDHP was a useful precursor for lignin-based epoxy resin. These results suggested that chemical demethylation is an effective method for the functionalization of lignin.
Supplementation of Slow‐Release Melatonin Improves Recovery of Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception in Summer Anoestrous Buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) (2015)

The role of melatonin as a protective neurohormone against restoring cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals in photoperiod species has gained wider acceptance. This study was designed to uncover the evidence the slow-release melatonin (MLT) has on initiation of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate (CR) in summer anoestrous buffaloes. Thus, buffaloes diagnosed as summer anoestrous (absence of overt signs of oestrus, concurrent rectal examination and radioimmunoassay for serum progesterone at 10 days interval) were grouped as untreated (Group I, sterilized corn oil, n = 8) and treated (Group II, single subcutaneous injection of MLT @18 mg/50 kg bwt in sterilized corn oil, n = 20). Animals treated and detected in oestrus were artificially inseminated (AI) followed by division into Group III (second dose of MLT on 5th day post-AI, n = 8) and Group IV (no melatonin administration, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at 4 days interval for estimation of serum MLT, progesterone and oestrogen using radioimmunoassay kit. Mean oestrous induction rate (OIR), oestrous induction interval (OII), interoestrous interval (IOI) and CR were estimated. Compared to control, concentration of melatonin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated group ranging from 14.34 ± 1.72 to 412.31 ± 14.47 pg/ml whereas other two hormones did not show any concentration difference. Melatonin-administered buffaloes showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher (90%) OIR with OII of 18.06 ± 1.57 days. Results showed improvement in conception rate in buffaloes administered with post-insemination melatonin. It can be concluded from the study that slow-release melatonin supplementation restored cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals resulting in improvement in conception rate in buffaloes.
Analogue of the Total Variation Denoising Model in the Context of Geometry Processing (2009)

We propose a new variational model for surface processing. It is the natural analogue, in the context of geometry processing, of the total variation based image denoising model of Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi. In particular, it admits as solutions surfaces that may have discontinuities in their normals and can reconstruct shapes with sharp ridges and corners. As the analogue of a perfectly well-posed image model, the proposed surface model differs from those based on ill-posed equations of image processing. Since the proposed geometry regularization is variational, it can be incorporated into a variety of applications, such as surface fairing, three-dimensional object reconstruction from multiple viewpoints, or shape optimization. Drawing on important previous work of geometers who were interested in extending certain classical theorems from smooth to polyhedral manifolds, we describe in detail the appropriate numerical implementation of the proposed model in the case of triangulated surfaces. We then demonstrate the efficacy of the model with several surface fairing examples.
Antibodies with specificities against a dispase-produced 15-kilodalton hexon fragment neutralize adenovirus type 2 infectivity (1990)

During the entrance of adenovirus type 2 into cells, it has been suggested that the virion undergoes a conformational change. In this investigation, we have further characterized the hypothetical conformational change, which the structural protein hexon undergoes in response to low pH. From pH 5.0 to pH 6.0, the proteolytic enzyme dispase cleaved the hexon into a few distinct fragments with a dominating low-molecular-weight fragment with a molecular weight of 15,000 (15K peptide), whereas between pH 6.5 and pH 8.0, the cleavage of the hexon was negligible. The degradation of the hexon with dispase at low pH was not due to an increased activity or alteration of the active site of dispase at low pH. The 15K fragment was identified as a segment of the N-terminal part of the hexon polypeptide beginning at amino acid residue 5. An immune serum produced in response to acid-treated and glutaraldehyde-fixed hexons contained a small amount of antibodies directed towards the 15K fragment, as judged by Western immunoblotting. An anti-15K antibody fraction was isolated by affinity chromatography by removing antibodies recognizing the hexon in the alkaline configuration. Such antibodies displayed a higher relative titer at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.5 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The isolated antibodies showed a specific neutralizing capacity five times higher than that of the corresponding unfractionated polyclonal anti-hexon serum; however, the neutralizing ability was independent of pH. The neutralization of adenovirus type 2 infection by the isolated anti-15K antibodies implies that the N-terminal end of the hexon may play a critical role in the early steps of the virion-cell interaction.
Review of near-infrared methods for wound assessment (2016)

Wound management is a challenging and costly problem that is growing in importance as people are living longer. Instrumental methods are increasingly being relied upon to provide objective measures of wound assessment to help guide management. Technologies that employ near-infrared (NIR) light form a prominent contingent among the existing and emerging technologies. We review some of these technologies. Some are already established, such as indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, while we also speculate on others that have the potential to be clinically relevant to wound monitoring and assessment. These various NIR-based technologies address clinical wound management needs along the entire healing trajectory of a wound.
Application of Composites to Deepwater Top Tensioned Riser Systems (2002)

As offshore exploration and production activities head to deeper water, extensive efforts have been focused on mitigating the potential challenges associated with deep- and ultra deep-water riser systems. Such challenges include overcoming the hydrostatic stresses associated with the increased length of water column as well as the increase in overall riser system weight. The implementation of composites in offshore applications is perceived as a promising path forward with composite materials offering many advantages including high specific strength and stiffness, lighter weight, enhanced corrosion resistance, high thermal insulation, improved structural damping and favorable fatigue performance characteristics. This paper focuses on evaluating the potential of composite materials for applications to deepwater top tensioned riser systems from the standpoint of possible impact on overall system cost and reliability. Many deepwater development concepts utilize top tensioned production riser systems, mainly, for conveying production fluids from the wellhead to the surface processing facilities in a dry tree based field development solution. Top tensioned risers can be configured as dual or single barrier systems and can either be hydraulically or hydro-pneumatically supported as on a typical TLP system or pneumatically supported through positively buoyant air cans as on a Spar riser system. Many advantages can be derived from the use of composites on buoyancy can systems. Such advantages include a reduced system weight, higher net lift, smaller diameter cans, improved efficiency and a positive impact on required inspection frequency. Main advantages of using composites for an entire TLP riser system include a significant reduction in both tension requirement and tensioner weight resulting in substantial reduction in total deck loads. An overall assessment of the economic and structural impact of using composites as an alternative to steel will be presented for riser systems and riser system components of both deepwater development concepts.
Angiomyeloproliferative Lesions Following Autologous Stem Cell Therapy (2010)

Some reports suggest that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation holds potential for treatment of renal diseases such as lupus nephritis, but the safety of delivering various stem cell types (hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and endothelial precursors) is not well established. Here, we report a case of lupus nephritis treated by direct renal injection of autologous stem cells recovered from peripheral blood. The patient developed masses at the sites of injection and hematuria. We suspected transitional cell carcinoma but nephrectomy revealed that the masses were angiomyeloproliferative lesions. We believe that this previously undescribed pathologic entity is stem cell-derived or -induced. The biologic potential, including the neoplastic potential, of this lesion is unknown. This case illustrates that the development of angiomyeloproliferative lesions is a possible complication of stem cell therapy.
Storage-Based Intrusion Detection (2010)

Storage-based intrusion detection consists of storage systems watching for and identifying data access patterns characteristic of system intrusions. Storage systems can spot several common intruder actions, such as adding backdoors, inserting Trojan horses, and tampering with audit logs. For example, examination of 18 real intrusion tools reveals that most (15) can be detected based on their changes to stored files. Further, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) embedded in a storage device continues to operate even after client operating systems are compromised. We describe and evaluate a prototype storage IDS, built into a disk emulator, to demonstrate both feasibility and efficiency of storage-based intrusion detection. In particular, both the performance overhead (< 1%) and memory required (1.62MB for 13995 rules) are minimal.
Well‐defined polyolefin/poly(ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymers: New synthetic strategy and application (2010)

Abstract A new synthetic strategy, the combination of living polymerization of ylides and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), was successfully used to obtain well‐defined polymethylene‐ b ‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PM‐ b ‐PCL) diblock copolymers. Two hydroxyl‐terminated polymethylenes (PM‐OH, M n = 1800 g mol −1 (PDI = 1.18) and M n = 6400 g mol −1 (PDI = 1.14)) were prepared using living polymerization of dimethylsulfoxonium methylides. Then, such polymers were successfully transformed to PM‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers by using stannous octoate as a catalyst for ROP of ε‐caprolactone. The GPC traces and 1 H NMR of PM‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers indicated the successful extension of PCL segment ( M n of PM‐ b ‐PCL = 5200–10,300 g mol −1 ; PDI = 1.06–1.13). The thermal properties of the double crystalline diblock copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the incorporation of crystalline segments of PCL chain effectively influence the crystalline process of PM segments. The low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/PCL and LDPE/polycarbonate (PC) blends were prepared using PM‐ b ‐PCL as compatibilizer, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on the cryofractured surface of such blend polymers indicates that the PM‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers are effective compatibilizers for LDPE/PCL and LDPE/PC blends. Porous films were fabricated via the breath‐figure method using different concentration of PM‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers in CH 2 Cl 2 under a static humid condition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Ready‐to‐use thermally stable mastermix pills for molecular biology applications (2018)

Rolling circle amplification (RCA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are powerful tools that can be used for gene manipulation, pathogen detection, and infectious disease diagnostics. However, these techniques require trained personnel, as the pipetting steps involved can lead to contamination and, consequently, erroneous results. Furthermore, many of the reagents used in molecular biology are thermally labile and must be kept within a cold-chain. In this article, we present a simple and cost-effective method that allows molecular biology reagents to be thermally stabilized into ready-to-use mastermixes via drying in pullulan and trehalose films. Our experimental results demonstrate that this method is capable of preserving the activity of RCA, PCR, LAMP, ligase, polynucleotide kinase, and Klenow fragment mastermixes for at least 3 months at ambient conditions. Thus, stabilizing reagents via drying in pullulan and trehalose film may allow for a drastic reduction in the number of pipetting steps and the elimination of the need for a cold chain. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2764, 2019.
Full-Length Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA Binds Specifically to CSPG and Induces Potent Parasite Adhesion-Blocking Antibodies (2010)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the world's leading causes of human suffering and poverty. Each year, the disease takes 1-3 million lives, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. The adhesion of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to vascular endothelium or placenta is the key event in the pathogenesis of severe P. falciparum infection. In pregnant women, the parasites express a single and unique member of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family named VAR2CSA, which is associated with the ability of the IEs to adhere specifically to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placenta. Several Duffy-binding-like domains from VAR2CSA molecules have been shown in vitro to bind to CSA, but it has also been demonstrated that Duffy-binding-like domains from PfEMP1 proteins other than VAR2CSA can bind CSA. In addition, the specificity of the binding of VAR2CSA domains to glycosaminoglycans does not match that of VAR2CSA-expressing IEs. This has led to speculation that the domains of native VAR2CSA need to come together to form a specific binding site or that VAR2CSA might bind to CSA through a bridging molecule. Here, we describe the expression and purification of the complete extracellular region of VAR2CSA secreted at high yields from insect cells. Using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrate that VAR2CSA alone binds with nanomolar affinity to human chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and with significantly weaker affinity to other glycosaminoglycans, showing a specificity similar to that observed for IEs. Antibodies raised against full-length VAR2CSA completely inhibit recombinant VAR2CSA binding, as well as parasite binding to chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan. This is the first study to describe the successful production and functionality of a full-length PfEMP1. The specificity of the binding and anti-adhesion potency of induced IgG, together with high-yield production, encourages the use of full-length PfEMP1 in vaccine development strategies.
Evaluation of protection measures against laser dazzling for imaging sensors (2016)

We present the latest results of our work regarding the evaluation of protection measures against laser dazzling for imaging devices. Three different approaches for the evaluation of dazzled sensor images are investigated and compared to estimate the loss of information due to the dazzle spot by a) counting the number of overexposed pixels, b) based on triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) and c) using the structural similarity (SSIM) index. The performance evaluation approaches are applied on experimental data obtained with two different imaging sensors hardened against laser dazzling. The hardening concept of the first sensor is based on the combination of a spatial light modulator and wavelength multiplexing. This active protection concept allows spatially and spectrally resolved suppression of laser radiation within the sensor's field of view. The hardening concept of the second sensor utilizes the principle of “complementary bands”. The optical setup resembles a common 3-chip camera, with the difference that dedicated filters with steep edges replace the regular spectral band filters. Although this concept does not really represent a “protection measure”, it allows the sensor to provide information even in laser dazzling situations. The data for the performance evaluation was acquired both in a dedicated laboratory setup using test charts comprising triangles of different size and orientation as well as in field trials.
Electromagnetic-wave absorption properties of FeCo nanocapsules and coral-like aggregates self-assembled by the nanocapsules (vol 104, 064319, 2008) (2012)

[Liu, X. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.;Liu, XG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.;liuxianguohugh@gmail.com
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2009, Featuring the Burden and Trends in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)–Associated Cancers and HPV Vaccination Coverage Levels (2013)

The overall trends in declining cancer death rates continue. However, increases in incidence rates for some HPV-associated cancers and low vaccination coverage among adolescents underscore the need for additional prevention efforts for HPV-associated cancers, including efforts to increase vaccination coverage.
Copper-Mediated Tandem Oxidative C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–H/C(sp)–H Alkynylation and Annulation of Arenes with Terminal Alkynes (2014)

The copper-mediated tandem oxidative C(sp(2))-H/C(sp)-H cross-coupling and intramolecular annulation of arenes with terminal alkynes has been developed, which offers a highly efficient approach to the 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-one scaffold. In this oxidative coupling process, Cu(OAc)2 acts as both the promoter and the terminal oxidant. This protocol features a wide substrate scope; high functional group tolerance; exclusive chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity; and simple, easily available, and inexpensive reaction system. The transformation has demonstrated for the first time that Cu(OAc)2 can be renewable after undergoing an oxidative reaction.