gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic G-418, a New <i>Micromonospora</i> -Produced Aminoglycoside with Activity Against Protozoa and Helminths: Fermentation, Isolation, and Preliminary Characterization (1974)

Antibiotic G-418 is a new aminoglycoside produced as the major component by a new species of Micromonospora, M. rhodorangea NRRL 5326. The antibiotic is prepared by submerged fermentation in a soybean-dextrin medium. Antibiotic G-418 is adsorbed on a cationic-exchange resin and separated from other impurities by passing it down a Dowex (1 x 2) resin column. The antibiotic, which contains 2-deoxystreptamine, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and is highly active against protozoa, amoebae, tapeworm, and pinworm infections in mice. This report describes the taxonomy of the organism, and fermentation, isolation, and preliminary characterization of antibiotic G-418.
Novel Fatty Acid Elongation Components And Uses Thereof (Patent US 2012/0084889 A1) (2012)

The invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encodes a novel fatty acid nECR. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing nECR nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and methods for large-scale production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), e.g., ARA, EPA and DHA.
Evaluation of a hybrid piston-pulsed detonation engine (2002)

Abstract : Experiments are conducted on a hybrid piston-pulsed detonation engine to evaluate the power extraction and system interaction issues. The hybrid engine is constructed using a four-cylinder motorcycle engine with a spacer block between the valves and pistons. Four detonation tubes, one for each cylinder, are placed perpendicular to the direction of the piston navel. A deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is used to achieve detonations. The piston is in the deflagration region of the DDT. This hybrid engine has a critical starting frequency. Above this frequency the engine will self-activate and produce excess power. Below this frequency, the power produced is less than that required to self-activate and the engine decelerates after the starter motor is disengaged. The hybrid piston-pulsed-detonation-engine constructed for these experiments is capable of producing 20 hp and 50 lbf of thrust simultaneously.
Streaming Algorithms for Robust, Real-Time Detection of DDoS Attacks (2007)

Effective mechanisms for detecting and thwarting distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are becoming increasingly important to the success of today's Internet as a viable commercial and business tool. In this paper, we propose novel data-streaming algorithms for the robust, real-time detection of DDoS activity in large ISP networks. The key element of our solution is a new, hash-based synopsis data structure for network-data streams that allows us to efficiently track, in guaranteed small space and time, destination IP addresses in the underlying network that are "large" with respect to the number of distinct source IP addresses that have established potentially-malicious (e.g., "half-open") connections to them. Our work is the first to address the problem of efficiently tracking the top distinct-source frequencies over a general stream of updates (insertions and deletions) to the set of underlying network flows, thus enabling us to effectively distinguish between DDoS activity and flash crowds. Preliminary experimental results verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Thermal management of power electronic circuits using thermoelectric coolers and diamond films (1995)

The increased speeds of integrated circuits is accompanied by increased power levels and the need to package the IC chips very close together. Combined, these spell very high power densities and severe thermal problems at the package level. Conventional packaging materials have difficulty dealing with these thermal management problems. However, it is possible to combine both active and passive cooling by using thin film bismuth-telluride thermoelectric coolers (microcoolers) and diamond substrates for the temperature control of these high density electronic circuits. The highest power components would be mounted directly onto thin film thermoelectric elements, which would maintain the temperature of these components from a few degrees to tens of degrees below that of the diamond substrate. This allows these components to operate within their required temperature range, effectively manage temperature spikes and junction temperatures, and increase clockspeed. To optimize the design of the thermoelectric cooler and operate at maximum efficiency, diamond films acting as thermal lenses would also be used to spread the heat from the small power device to the larger coolers. In those instances where the devices are all operating above ambient temperature, high thermal conductivity diamond films alone are sufficient to cool these devices, by effectively conductingmore » the heat throughout the board.« less
Characterization of synthetic parathyroid hormone analogs and of synthetic by-products (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of synthetic parathyroid hormone analogs and of synthetic by-productsLynn Caporale, Ruth Nutt, Jay Levy, Jack Smith, Byron Arison, Carl Bennett, Georg Albers-Schonberg, Steven Pitzenberger, Michael Rosenblatt, and Ralph HirschmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2, 343–346Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00263a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00263a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rational Design of Artificial β-Strand-Forming Antimicrobial Peptides with Biocompatible Properties (2014)

Because the intensive use of antibiotics has led to a large variety of resistant bacterial strains, therapeutic measures have become increasingly challenging. In order to ensure reliable treatment of diseases, alternative antimicrobial agents need to be explored. In this context, antimicrobial peptides have been discussed as novel bioactive molecules, which, however, may be limited in their applicability due to their high manufacturing costs and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Consequently, the design of artificial antimicrobial peptides featuring two flanking cationic regions and a hydrophobic center is presented. These sequences led to distinct antimicrobial activity on the same order of magnitude as that of naturally occurring reference peptides but with less cytotoxic or cytostatic drawbacks. Furthermore, a deletion and substitution library revealed the minimal sequence requirements. By analysis of the computed 3D structures of these peptides, a single characteristic β-strand was identified. This structural motif was pivotal for antimicrobial activity. Consequently, an optimized peptide sequence with antimicrobial and biocompatible properties was derived, and its application was demonstrated in a mixed culture experiment. Thus, it was shown that the optimized artificial antimicrobial peptide is suitable as a therapeutic agent and may be used as template for the development of new antimicrobial peptides with unique secondary structures.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in kidney pathology (2013)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) inhibits tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), which convert plasminogen to plasmin, a strong proteolytic enzyme. Thus, PAI-1 is a primary and negative regulator of plasmin-driven proteolysis. In addition to its main role as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, PAI‑1 has been implicated as a mediator in other processes, including fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, tumor angiogenesis and bacterial infections. It also significantly modulates cellular adhesion or migration, wound healing, angiogenesis and tumor cell metastasis. However, in the present study, we have reviewed the literature in relation to different kidney diseases where PAI-1 regulates fibrinolysis and acts independently of proteolysis. PAI-1 is normally produced in trace amounts in healthy kidneys but is synthesized in a wide variety of both acute and chronic diseased kidneys. We reviewed the role of PAI-1 in diabetic kidney nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and in kidney transplantation. Increased PAI-1 expression results in accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to numerous kidney diseases. Predisposition to some diseases is due to the genetic role of PAI-1 in their development. A number of studies demonstrated that the inhibition of PAI-1 activity or therapy with a mutant PAI-1 increases matrix turnover and reduces glomerulosclerosis by competing with endogenous PAI-1. This strongly suggests that PAI-1 is a valid target in the treatment of fibrotic renal disease. However, net proteolytic activity depends on the delicate balance between its negative regulation by PAI-1 and activation by uPA and tPA. Also, plasmin activated by its inhibitors upregulates activity of other enzymes. Thus, assessment of prognosis for the diseased kidney should include a variety of proteolysis regulators and enzymes.
Exploratory studies in catalytic coal liquefaction. Final report, June 1978-March 1979 (1979)

HRI, has run catalyst aging tests simulating H-coal conditions with Illinois No. 6 coal for approx. 10 days with Cyanamid 1442A (CoMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/), Cyanamid NiMo/Al/sub 3/O/sub 3/, Armak NiMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Amocat 1A (CoMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/), and Amocat 1B (Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) catalysts. From each test we obtained fresh catalyst, aged catalyst from the end of the run, and total reactor effluents (less gases) from various times during the run. In a test developed at Mobil using a fixed bed, high pressure downflow reactor and model compound mixtures, we examined fresh and aged catalysts for hydrogenation, hydrocracking, isomerization, desulfurization, denitrogenation, and deoxygenation. Several minerals were also included in the tests. Activities, selectivities and deactivation are discussed. Fresh commercial catalysts, especially NiMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, appear to be undesirably active for the H-Coal process. Amocat 1B is the least active. All catalysts age extensively but the used catalysts are still quite active. Activities for all reactions are reduced in the presence of nitrogen compounds. Hydrocracking activity appears to be critical to denitrogenation effectiveness. Examination of the products of the HRI catalyst aging runs confirms the interpretations of the model compound tests. Also, it is found that 400/sup 0/F/sup +/ product mixtures become more complex as catalysts age, and that the catalysts affect especially the highest (largest size) boiling products, but lose the ability to lower molecular weight as they age. A brief examination of novel hydrogen donor-catalyst systems is also described.
Effects of Deviation of Tooth Surface Errors of a Helical Gear Pair on the Transmission Error. (1995)

This paper describes the relationships between the deviation of the individual surface errors of a helical gear pair and the transmission error. For this purpose, new formulas have been proposed which determine the transmission error using each different tooth surface error. As a result of the study, the following features are clarified : (1) The periodic deviation of the tooth surface error generates side bands on both sides of main mesh frequencies of the transmission error. (2) The random distribution of the tooth surface error generates notable components especially in the lower frequency range. Calculated results correlate well with the characteristics of measured sound pressure level of gear noise. The analysis using this technique proves that the transmission error is minimized when the mean value of the tooth surface modification is set to be equal to the boundary value of the edge contact.
A Tissue Phantom for Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Caused by Cavitation (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Adam Maxwell, Tzu‐Yin Wang, Lingqian Yuan, Alex Duryea, Zhen Xu, Charles Cain; A Tissue Phantom for Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Caused by Cavitation. AIP Conference Proceedings 9 March 2010; 1215 (1): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3367171 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Intravenous immune globulin prevents venular vaso-occlusion in sickle cell mice by inhibiting leukocyte adhesion and the interactions between sickle erythrocytes and adherent leukocytes (2003)

Sickle cell vaso-occlusion is a complex multistep process likely involving heterotypic interactions among sickle erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs]), and endothelial cells. Recent data using intravital microscopy in a sickle cell mouse model suggest that adherent leukocytes in postcapillary venules play a critical role in vaso-occlusion by capturing circulating sickle RBCs. In the course of studies to investigate the adhesion receptors mediating sickle RBC-WBC interactions, we found that control nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations displayed significant inhibitory activity. As a result, we studied the effects of commercial intravenous human immune globulin (i.v.IG) preparations and found that i.v.IG inhibits RBC-WBC interactions in cremasteric venules in a dose-dependent manner. i.v.IG of at least 200 mg/kg dramatically reduced these interactions, even after tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation, and not only increased microcirculatory blood flow but also improved survival of sickle cell mice. These data raise the possibility that i.v.IG may have a beneficial effect on sickle cell-associated vaso-occlusion.
A novel one-stage power factor correction converter (2002)

In this paper, a new one-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter unit with output electrical isolation is presented. The configuration of this converter is achieved by combining a flyback circuit and a forward circuit in one power stage. By re-arranging the active switch, it was possible to develop a converter topology that allows its PFC circuit and power conversion circuit to share the same power switch. Due to its simplified power stage and control circuit, this converter unit will potentially have a better efficiency, lower cost and higher reliability. A near unity power factor can be obtained by this single switch converter unit on the account of employing a flyback circuit as its input. Steady state analysis and detailed design procedure is presented in this paper. To verify the operation of the proposed converter, a design example is given with its PSPICE simulation and experimental results.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity in Q Fever Vaccine Development (2022)

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> is an obligate intracellular bacterium which, in humans, causes the disease Q fever. Although Q fever is most often a mild, self-limiting respiratory disease, it can cause a range of severe syndromes including hepatitis, myocarditis, spontaneous abortion, chronic valvular endocarditis, and Q fever fatigue syndrome. This agent is endemic worldwide, except for New Zealand and Antarctica, transmitted <i>via</i> aerosols, persists in the environment for long periods, and is maintained through persistent infections in domestic livestock. Because of this, elimination of this bacterium is extremely challenging and vaccination is considered the best strategy for prevention of infection in humans. Many vaccines against <i>C. burnetii</i> have been developed, however, only a formalin-inactivated, whole cell vaccine derived from virulent <i>C. burnetii</i> is currently licensed for use in humans. Unfortunately, widespread use of this whole cell vaccine is impaired due to the severity of reactogenic responses associated with it. This reactogenicity continues to be a major barrier to access to preventative vaccines against <i>C. burnetii</i> and the pathogenesis of this remains only partially understood. This review provides an overview of past and current research on <i>C. burnetii</i> vaccines, our knowledge of immunogenicity and reactogenicity in <i>C. burnetii</i> vaccines, and future strategies to improve the safety of vaccines against <i>C. burnetii</i>.
Metal separations using aqueous biphasic partitioning systems (1996)

Aqueous biphasic extraction (ABE) processes offer the potential for low-cost, highly selective separations. This countercurrent extraction technique involves selective partitioning of either dissolved solutes or ultrafine particulates between two immiscible aqueous phases. The extraction systems that the authors have studied are generated by combining an aqueous salt solution with an aqueous polymer solution. They have examined a wide range of applications for ABE, including the treatment of solid and liquid nuclear wastes, decontamination of soils, and processing of mineral ores. They have also conducted fundamental studies of solution microstructure using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this report they review the physicochemical fundamentals of aqueous biphase formation and discuss the development and scaleup of ABE processes for environmental remediation.
Truncated Nonlinear Interferometry for Quantum-Enhanced Atomic Force Microscopy (2020)

Nonlinear interferometers that replace beam splitters in Mach-Zehnder interferometers with nonlinear amplifiers for quantum-enhanced phase measurements have drawn increasing interest in recent years, but practical quantum sensors based on nonlinear interferometry remain an outstanding challenge. Here, we demonstrate the first practical application of nonlinear interferometry by measuring the displacement of an atomic force microscope microcantilever with quantum noise reduction of up to 3 dB below the standard quantum limit, corresponding to a quantum-enhanced measurement of beam displacement of 1.7 fm/sqrt[Hz]. Further, we minimize photon backaction noise while taking advantage of quantum noise reduction by transducing the cantilever displacement signal with a weak squeezed state while using dual homodyne detection with a higher power local oscillator. This approach may enable quantum-enhanced broadband, high-speed scanning probe microscopy.
Head-Coupled Kinematic Template Matching: A Prediction Model for Ray Pointing in VR (2020)

This paper presents a new technique to predict the ray pointer landing position for selection movements in virtual reality (VR) environments. The technique adapts and extends a prior 2D kinematic template matching method to VR environments where ray pointers are used for selection. It builds on the insight that the kinematics of a controller and Head-Mounted Display (HMD) can be used to predict the ray's final landing position and angle. An initial study provides evidence that the motion of the head is a key input channel for improving prediction models. A second study validates this technique across a continuous range of distances, angles, and target sizes. On average, the technique's predictions were within 7.3° of the true landing position when 50% of the way through the movement and within 3.4° when 90%. Furthermore, compared to a direct extension of Kinematic Template Matching, which only uses controller movement, this head-coupled approach increases prediction accuracy by a factor of 1.8x when 40% of the way through the movement.
Identification, characterization, and synthesis of peptide epitopes and a recombinant six-epitope protein for Trichomonas vaginalis serodiagnosis (2013)

There is a need for a rapid, accurate serodiagnostic test useful for both women and men infected by Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the number one sexually transmitted infection (STI). Women and men exposed to T. vaginalis make serum antibody to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD), α-enolase (ENO), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP). We identified, by epitope mapping, the common and distinct epitopes of each protein detected by the sera of women patients with trichomonosis and by the sera of men highly seropositive to the immunogenic protein α-actinin (positive control sera). We analyzed the amino acid sequences to determine the extent of identity of the epitopes of each protein with other proteins in the databanks. This approach identified epitopes unique to T. vaginalis, indicating these peptide-epitopes as possible targets for a serodiagnostic test. Individual or combinations of 15-mer peptide epitopes with low to no identity with other proteins were reactive with positive control sera from both women and men but were unreactive with negative control sera. These analyses permitted the synthesis of a recombinant His6 fusion protein of 111 amino acids with an Mr of ~13.4 kDa, which consisted of 15-mer peptides of two distinct epitopes each for ALD, ENO, and GAP. This recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. This composite protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot blots, and immunoblots, using positive control sera from women and men. These data indicate that it is possible to identify epitopes and that either singly, in combination, or as a composite protein represent targets for a point-of-care serodiagnostic test for T. vaginalis.
Gabapentin in bipolar disorder: a placebo‐controlled trial of adjunctive therapy1 (2000)

The findings of this study did not demonstrate that gabapentin is an effective adjunctive treatment when administered to outpatients with bipolar disorder.
Identification of Regeneration Times in MCMC Simulation, With Application to Adaptive Schemes (2005)

Regeneration is a useful tool in Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation because it can be used to side-step the burn-in problem and to construct better estimates of the variance of parameter estimates themselves. It also provides a simple way to introduce adaptive behavior into a Markov chain, and to use parallel processors to build a single chain. Regeneration is often difficult to take advantage of because, for most chains, no recurrent proper atom exists, and it is not always easy to use Nummelin's splitting method to identify regeneration times. This article describes a constructive method for generating a Markov chain with a specified target distribution and identifying regeneration times. As a special case of the method, an algorithm which can be “wrapped” around an existing Markov transition kernel is given. In addition, a specific rule for adapting the transition kernel at regeneration times is introduced, which gradually replaces the original transition kernel with an independence-sampling Metropolis-Hastings kernel using a mixture normal approximation to the target density as its proposal density. Computational gains for the regenerative adaptive algorithm are demonstrated in examples.