gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turning "waste" into gold: identification of novel stem cells from human umbilical cord blood. (2006)

Due to ethical concerns, human embryonic stem cells have limited availability and practical usefulness. Adult stem cells are present within tissues of adult organisms and are responsible for cell turnover or repopulation of tissues under normal or exceptional circumstances. Multi-potent stem cells have been isolated from the umbilical cord blood and they offer promising therapeutic potentials.
A mode-matched 0.9 MHZ single proof-mass dual-axis gyroscope (2011)

This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a high-frequency single proof-mass dual-axis gyroscope. The hollow-disk pitch-and-roll resonant gyroscope has electrostatically tunable in-plane and out-of-plane resonance modes to enable mode-matched operation at ~ 0.9MHz in the presence of process non-idealities such as thickness variations of the SOI wafer. A prototype device demonstrates x- and y-axis rate sensitivity of 127μV/deg/sec and 214μV/deg/sec, respectively. High quality factors (Q) of ~ 10,000 are observed in vacuum for the in-plane drive and out-of-plane sense resonance modes. The device is implemented using a revised version of the HARPSS™ process, thereby enabling a single-chip tri-axial implementation when integrated with a yaw disk gyroscope.
Acquisition of instance attributes via labeled and related instances (2010)

This paper presents a method for increasing the quality of automatically extracted instance attributes by exploiting weakly-supervised and unsupervised instance relatedness data. This data consists of (a) class labels for instances and (b) distributional similarity scores. The method organizes the text-derived data into a graph, and automatically propagates attributes among related instances, through random walks over the graph. Experiments on various graph topologies illustrate the advantage of the method over both the original attribute lists and a per-class attribute extractor, both in terms of the number of attributes extracted per instance and the accuracy of the top-ranked attributes.
Detection, isolation, and in vitro characterization of porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 isolated from respiratory diagnostic specimens in swine (2018)

Porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (PPIV-1) is a member of the genus Respirovirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The PPIV-1 was initially detected in 2013 from slaughter pigs in Hong Kong, China although its role in respiratory disease has remained unknown without virus isolates for experimental inoculation in swine. The objective of this study was to determine the relative frequency of PPIV-1 detection in diagnostic samples collected from swine in the United States, describe the cell culture isolation of PPIV-1, and characterize PPIV-1 cell culture isolates in vitro. Among 842 porcine specimens submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory during 2016-2017, 43.3% were PPIV-1 positive by a real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR suggesting PPIV-1 may be common in swine. Two strains of PPIV-1 were successfully isolated in an LLC-MK2 cell line from a PPIV-1 RT-qPCR positive nasal swab (USA/MN25890NS/2016) and lung (USA/IA84915LG/2017). The PPIV-1 cytopathic effect was demonstrated in tissue culture and enveloped viral particles were observed by electron microscopy. The whole genome, F, and HN gene sequences of both isolates share 98.2%, 98.5%, and 98.2% nucleotide homology, respectively, and phylogenetic analysis indicated they are closely related to other PPIV-1 strains detected in swine from the United States. Whole virus PPIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated for PPIV-1 detection in infected LLC-MK2 cells by indirect immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry assays. The virus isolates and monoclonal antibodies obtained in the present study can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of PPIV-1 and develop new diagnostic tests.
4D Imaging of Transient Structures and Morphologies in Ultrafast Electron Microscopy (2008)

With advances in spatial resolution reaching the atomic scale, two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging in electron microscopy has become an essential methodology in various fields of study. Here, we report 4D imaging, with in situ spatiotemporal resolutions, in ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). The ability to capture selected-area-image dynamics with pixel resolution and to control the time separation between pulses for temporal cooling of the specimen made possible studies of fleeting structures and morphologies. We demonstrate the potential for applications with two examples, gold and graphite. For gold, after thermally induced stress, we determined the atomic structural expansion, the nonthermal lattice temperature, and the ultrafast transients of warping/bulging. In contrast, in graphite, striking coherent transients of the structure were observed in both image and diffraction, directly measuring, on the nanoscale, the longitudinal resonance period governed by Young's elastic modulus. The success of these studies demonstrates the promise of UEM in real-space imaging of dynamics.
Finding disease similarity by combining ECG with heart auscultation sound (2007)

Heart auscultation and ECG are two very important and commonly used diagnostic aids in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Physicians routinely perform diagnosis from simple heart auscultation and visual examination of ECG waveform shapes. It is common knowledge to physicians that patients with the same disease have similar-looking ECG shapes and comparable heart sounds. A key idea explored in this paper is to automatically capture such shape similarity in the ECG and audio signals, which are combined to find disease similarity. Specifically, we present a general method of capturing the perceptual shape similarity of the ECG and audio waveforms by modeling the morphological variations in the signals representing the same disease across patients. Differences in shape corresponding to the same disease are modeled as a constrained non-rigid translation. Patients with similar diseases are retrieved by recovering the non-rigid alignment transform using a variant of dynamic time warping. Results are presented that demonstrate the method on audio shape-based discrimination of various cardiovascular diseases.
Synthesis and Screening of Bicyclic Carbohydrate‐Based Compounds: A Novel Type of Antivirals. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anomalous narrow channel effect in trench-isolated buried-channel p-MOSFET's (1994)

An anomalous threshold voltage dependence on channel width measured on 0.25 μm groundrule trench-isolated buried-channel p-MOSFET's is reported here. As the channel width is reduced, the magnitude of the threshold voltage first decreases before the onset of the expected sharp rise in Vt for widths narrower than 0.4 μm. Modeling shows that a "boron puddle" is created near the trench bounded edge as a result of transient enhanced diffusion (TED) during the gate oxidation step. TED is governed by interstitials produced by a deep phosphorus implant, used for latchup suppression, diffusing towards the trench sidewall and top surface of the device. The presence of the "boron puddle" imposes a penalty on the off-current of narrow devices. A solution for minimizing the "boron puddle" is demonstrated with simulations, confirmed by measurements.
On the Efficiency of Provenance Queries (2009)

While models for data provenance have been extensively studied in the literature, the efficient evaluation of the resulting provenance queries remains an open problem. Traditional query optimization techniques, like the use of general-purpose indexes, or the materialization of provenance data, fail on different fronts to address the problem. Provenance-specific optimization techniques, like the use of customized indexes, similarly prove inadequate since the techniques are bound to specific provenance models. Therefore, the need to develop generic provenance-aware techniques quickly becomes apparent. In this paper, we argue for such a generic technique in the form of a provenance index structure that can be used to efficiently evaluate provenance queries in a variety of contexts. By highlighting the limitations of existing techniques, we identify the set of key properties of the generic index, including a novel property called duality which guarantees that the single index can evaluate both backward provenance queries (which data items from a set I are associated with an item from set O) and forward provenance queries (which items from O are associated with an item from I).
<title>Image-intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system</title> (1997)

An image intensifier-based rotational volume tomographic digital angiography (VTDA) imaging system has been constructed. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier that are separately mounted on a gantry. This system uses an image intensifier coupled to a charge coupled device camera as a 2D detector so that a set of 2D projection can be acquired for a direct 3D reconstruction. This paper presents the results of the system evaluation and preliminary animal studies using the volume tomographic system. The results indicate that the system has isotropic resolution of 0.5-1.0 1p/mm in the x, y and z directions, and the contrast resolution of the current system is 150 Hounsfield Unit for a 2mm vessel at 806 mR exposure. The results from the animal studies demonstrate that VTDA only needs a single injection of contrast and volume scanning to provide adequate image contrast and resolution for quantitative assessment of vascular anatomy.
Discovery of <i>N</i>-[Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-2-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (MK-8617), an Orally Active Pan-Inhibitor of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 1–3 (HIF PHD1–3) for the Treatment of Anemia (2016)

The discovery of novel 4-hydroxy-2-(heterocyclic)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) is described. These are potent, selective, orally bioavailable across several species, and active in stimulating erythropoiesis. Mouse and rat studies showed hematological changes with elevations of plasma EPO and circulating reticulocytes following single oral dose administration, while 4-week q.d. po administration in rat elevated hemoglobin levels. A major focus of the optimization process was to decrease the long half-life observed in higher species with early compounds. These efforts led to the identification of 28 (MK-8617), which has advanced to human clinical trials for anemia.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: the next generation (1993)

This paper reviews our recent progress in the design, fabrication, and performance of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) devices and arrays. High power (> 11 mW cw), high speed (10 GHz), high temperature (> 130 degree(s)C) and low voltage (< 2 V) and low threshold current operation are demonstrated. A monolithic spatial filtering technique is implemented for transverse mode control resulting in exceptional optical characteristics. Novel high power 2D coherently-coupled VCSEL arrays emitting over 1 W are discussed. One and two-dimensional individually- and matrix-addressable arrays are demonstrated.
Continuous long-term immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: results from the 15-year analysis of the US prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate (2010)

The ongoing US Glatiramer Acetate (GA) Trial is the longest evaluation of continuous immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate up to 15 years of GA as a sole disease-modifying therapy. Two hundred and thirty-two patients received at least one GA dose since study initiation in 1991 (mITT cohort), and 100 (43%, Ongoing cohort) continued as of February 2008. Patients were evaluated every 6 months using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Mean GA exposures were 8.6 +/- 5.2, 4.81 +/- 3.69, and 13.6 +/- 1.3 years and mean disease durations were 17, 13, and 22 years for mITT, Withdrawn and Ongoing cohorts, respectively. For Ongoing patients, annual relapse rates (ARRs) maintained a decline from 1.12 +/- 0.82 at baseline to 0.25 +/- 0.34 per year; 57% had stable/improved EDSS scores (change < or = 0.5 points); 65% had not transitioned to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS); 38%, 18%, and 3% reached EDSS 4, 6, and 8. For all patients on GA therapy (the mITT cohort), ARRs declined from 1.18 +/- 0.82 to 0.43 +/- 0.58 per year; 54% had stable/improved EDSS scores; 75% had not transitioned to SPMS; 39%, 23%, and 5% reached EDSS 4, 6, and 8. In conclusion, multiple sclerosis patients with mean disease duration of 22 years administering GA for up to 15 years had reduced relapse rates, and decreased disability progression and transition to SPMS. There were no long-term safety issues.
Single-layer microfluidic device to realize hydrodynamic 3D flow focusing (2016)

The recent rapid growth of microfluidic applications has witnessed the emergence of several particle flow focusing techniques for analysis and/or further processing. The majority of flow focusing techniques employ an external sheath fluid to achieve sample flow focusing independent of the flow rate, in contrast to sheath-free techniques. However, the introduction of a sheath fluid to surround the sample fluid has complicated the device design and fabrication, generally involving multi-layer fabrication and bonding of multiple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers. Several promising efforts have been made to reduce the complexity of fabrication. However, most of these methods involved the use of inertial/Dean effects, which in turn demanded the use of higher sample flow rates. In this paper, we report a method of flow focusing that uses a sheath fluid to enclose the sample in a single layer of PDMS, and that possesses applicability for a wide range of sample flow rates. This method of flow focusing uses abrupt channel depth variation and a shift of one of the sample-sheath junctions (termed as 'junction-shift') against the direction of the sample flow. This configuration serves to manipulate the sample fluid with respect to the sheath fluid and achieve the desired flow focusing. This design facilitates the attainment of 3D flow focusing in two sequential steps (depth-wise and then along the lateral direction) and in distinct regions, hence enabling the regions to be used in imaging and non-imaging flow cytometric applications, respectively. Simulations were performed to characterize and determine the optimum set of design parameters. Experimental demonstrations of this technique were carried out by focusing fluorescein dye and blood cells in flow.
A Hybrid System to Find &#x0026; Fight Phishing Attacks Actively (2011)

Traditional anti-phishing methods and tools always worked in a passive way to receive users' submission and determine phishing URLs. Usually, they are not fast and efficient enough to find and take down phishing attacks. We analyze phishing reports from Anti-phishing Alliance of China(APAC) and propose a hybrid method to discover phishing attacks in an active way based on DNS query logs and known phishing URLs. We develop and deploy our system to report living phishing URLs automatically to APAC every day. Our system has become a main channel in supplying phishing reports to APAC in China and can be a good complement to traditional anti-phishing methods.
A New Way of Controlling a Four Wheel Steering Vehicle (1987)

We propose a design method of feedforward type motion control system that provides desired response of yaw rate and lateral acceleration for a four wheel steering vehicle (4 WS).This paper firstly presents three design methods of yaw rate, lateral acceleration and D* (which is defined as a linear combination of yaw rate and lateral acceleration) control system respectively. These systems are synthesized by model matching control or model following control.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the computer simulation of vehicle motion was carried out, resulting in good agreement between a reference model and a controlled vehicle. Futhermore, driving tests were conducted with an experimental vehicle having electronically controlled rear wheel steering mechanism. In step response test to steering wheel input and lane change test, the responses of the controlled vehicle matched with the model satisfactorily, and in free response test at the vehicle speed of above 100km/h, the settling time of the controlled vehicle was reduced by more than 50%.From these results, it has been confirmed that the proposed design method of rear wheel angle control system is useful in improving maneuverability and stability of the vehicle.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and reversal of apixaban anticoagulation with andexanet alfa (2017)

Direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors lack a specific reversal agent for emergencies such as major bleeding or urgent surgery. Andexanet alfa, a modified, catalytically inactive, recombinant human FXa derivative, reverses anticoagulant effect by binding and sequestering FXa inhibitors. This original report of safety and dose-finding, phase 1 and 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, investigated various doses of andexanet in healthy volunteers. Phase 1 evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of andexanet (n = 24) or placebo (n = 8). In phase 2, andexanet (n = 36) or placebo (n = 18) was administered following steady-state apixaban dosing (5 mg twice daily for 6 days); safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were assessed. Andexanet plasma concentration increased proportionally with dose, with rapid elimination (terminal elimination half-life, 4.35-7.5 hours). Following apixaban treatment, andexanet rapidly (≤2 minutes) and dose dependently reduced unbound apixaban concentration vs placebo (51% to 89% vs 5% reduction; all <i>P</i> < .05), decreased anti-FXa activity (67.8% to 95.0% vs 7.1% reduction; all <i>P</i> < .05), and restored thrombin generation in 67% to 100% vs 6% of subjects (all <i>P</i> < .01), maintaining these effects during continuous 45- and 120-minute infusions. Andexanet was well tolerated. Nine subjects had mild/moderate infusion reactions not associated with hemodynamic changes or respiratory compromise that generally resolved without intervention or dose reduction. There were no thrombotic events or other serious safety issues. In conclusion, andexanet reversed apixaban-mediated effects on pharmacodynamic markers of anticoagulation in healthy volunteers within minutes after administration and for the duration of infusion. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01758432.
Effects of Camel Casein Hydrolysate Addition on Microbiological and Rheological Properties of Yoghurt (2015)

Camel milk plays an important source of nutrients in arid lands and consumed as fresh ,pasteurized and fermented. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of camel and cow casein hydrolysates by trypsin enzyme on rheological and sensory properties and growth of starter culture of yoghurts made from cow milk. Caseins were separated from camel and cow milk ,and hydrolyzed by trypsin enzyme. The hydrolysates were added at concentration of (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) to yoghurt made from cow milk. Results showed that casein hydrolysates strongly decreased the fermentation and coagulation time of the yoghurts. The rate of pH decrease was higher with camel casein hydrolysate in comparison with cow casein hydrolysate at all concentrations (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) Viscosities of the yoghurt made with hydrolysates significantly (p蠄0.05) decreased than control samples. The addition of the hydrolysates significantly (p蠄0.05) increased the hardness and adhesiveness of the yoghurts. No significant differences in water holding capacity of control and treated samples were observed. However, increasing casein hydrolysate addition to 1.5% decreased water holding capacity of yoghurt samples. The sensory evaluation scores of the yoghurts were significantly (p蠄0.05) improved with the addition of casein hydrolysates.
High frequency thin film ferroelectric acoustic resonators and filters (2001)

Abstract There is a need for more compact filters that are able to meet the needs of the next generation of mobile phone operating in the 1-2GHz frequency band. These filters are required to have low insertion loss, high Q, low sensitivity to temperature and in some cases wider bandwidths than those currently available. In this paper we review some of our recent work on the application of PZT (sol-gel PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3) as the piezoelectric layer in FBARs (thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators) and FBAR filters. The high electromechanical coupling coefficients in PZT offer the possibility of realising wide band-width filters. It is shown possible to incorporate PZT into a FBAR structure previously designed for piezoelectric ZnO by the simple addition of a TiO2 layer that avoids the crazing that occurs when PZT is deposited directly on SiNx. PZT FBAR filters of extremely small area (<300μ m2) can be produced. Preliminary measurements suggest that the resonance frequencies in PZT FBARs are only weakly temperature dependent. The advantages and disadvantages of using PZT in FBAR structures is discussed.
Increased Lipophilicity of meta Mn(III)N-alkylpiridylporphyrins, when Compared to ortho isomers, Fully Compensates for their Lower SOD-like Activity when Protecting SOD-defcient E.coli (2009)

Our growing insight into the in vivo action of SOD mimics have revealed that both antioxidant capacity (as a result of thermodynamics and electrostatics of the metal site) and bioavailability of a compound determine its in vivo efficacy. Thus, ill-designed compounds that lack either of these properties will be of compromised efficacy in vivo. Bioavailibility is greatly influenced by the lipophilicity, size, charges, bulkiness and substituents on porphyrins. We showed recently that a ~10-fold gain in lipophilicity is achieved by either (1) moving the alkyl groups from ortho to meta positions of meso pyridyl substituents, or (2) by increasing the length of alkyl chains by one CH2 group. Although the first evidence on the significant in vivo efficacy of meta Mn(III) N-methylpyridylporphyrin (MnTE-3-PyP5+) was published in J Biol Chem 1998, meta isomers have remained overlooked for over a decade, as most of the research has been direct towards designing catalytically potent SOD mimics. We show here that whereas meta isomers are 3.6- to 15-fold less potent SOD mimics, they are 10-fold more lipophilic and accumulate more in E. coli than their ortho analogues ; this altogether renders them highly able to protect SOD-deficient E.coli. In the most obvious case with alkyl being ethyl, meta isomer MnTE-3-PyP5+ is 10-fold less potent SOD mimic but is 10-fold more lipophilic than the ortho analogue MnTE-2-PyP5+(AEOL10113). Due to the higher lipophilicity and greater planarity plus conformational flexibility, the meta isomer crosses membranes easier, which leads to a 10-fold higher cytosolic accumulation than the standard SOD mimic MnTE-2-PyP5+. Higher accumulation in a cytosol overcomes its inferior thermodynamics for O2.- dismutation ; in turn both isomers exert identical ability to compensate for the lack of cytosolic SOD inSOD-deficient E. coli. The meta isomers of the N-pyridylporphyrins present, therefore, new opportunities for the design and development of SOD mimics of tailored activity and bioavailability. Support: National Institutes of Health grants[U19AI067798] and [5-P30-CA14236-29], W.H. Coulter Translational Partners Grant Program, Kuwait University grantMB03/07, and Universidade Federal da Paraiba and The Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq).