gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum Metasurface (2021)

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a leading quantum sensor platform, combining exceptional sensitivity with nanoscale spatial resolution by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). Because fluorescence-based ODMR techniques are limited by low photon collection efficiency and modulation contrast, there has been growing interest in infrared (IR)-absorption-based readout of the NV singlet state transition. IR readout can improve contrast and collection efficiency, but it has thus far been limited to long-path length geometries in bulk samples due to the small absorption cross section of the NV singlet state. Here, we propose to amplify the IR absorption by introducing a resonant diamond metallodielectric metasurface that concentrates the optical field near the diamond surface. This “plasmonic quantum sensing metasurface” (PQSM) supports plasmonic surface lattice resonances and achieves desired balance between field localization and sensing volume to optimize spin readout sensitivity. From combined electromagnetic and rate-equation modeling, we estimate a near-spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity below 1 nT Hz–1/2 per μm2 of sensing area using numbers for present-day NV diamond samples and fabrication techniques. The proposed PQSM enables a new form of microscopic ODMR sensing with infrared readout near the spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity, making it appealing for the most demanding applications such as imaging through scattering tissues and spatially resolved chemical NMR detection.
Evaluation of Phenamacril and Ipconazole for Control of Rice Bakanae Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> (2017)

This study evaluated the use of phenamacril and ipconazole, alone and in mixtures, for the control of rice bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Mixtures were studied with the goal of reducing the selection of fungicide-resistant field isolates of the fungus. When tested alone, both phenamacril and ipconazole exhibited high antifungal activity against F. fujikuroi mycelial growth; the average EC<sub>50</sub> value for 19 field isolates was 0.1544 μg/ml for phenamacril and 0.0472 μg/ml for ipconazole. A 2:1 mixture of phenamacril and ipconazole caused a slightly synergistic (greater than additive) inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of F. fujikuroi sporulation was highest for ipconazole alone, intermediate with the 2:1 mixture, and lowest for phenamacril alone. Inhibition by phenamacril and ipconazole alone or by the 2:1 mixture was substantially lower for spore germination than for mycelial growth or sporulation. When the total fungicide concentration was <24 g of a.i./100 kg of treated rice seeds, the fungicides, whether alone or in the 2:1 mixture, were not phytotoxic to seeds or seedlings of two rice cultivars. In a greenhouse experiment, the 2:1 mixture of phenamacril and ipconazole at 6 g of a.i./100 kg of treated seeds provided 100% control of rice bakanae disease on two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that the use of a 2:1 mixture of phenamacril and ipconazole should control rice bakanae disease while reducing the occurrence of fungicide resistance in F. fujikuroi.
Low-Profile Dual-Band Filtering Patch Antenna and Its Application to LTE MIMO System (2016)

This paper presents a low-profile dual-band filtering antenna element and its application to long-term evolution (LTE) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for wireless customer premise equipments (CPEs). The proposed element consists of two separate U-shaped patches operating at different frequencies and a multistub microstrip feed line. For size miniaturization, the smaller U-shaped patch is embedded in the larger one. In addition, the multistub feed line can generate two controllable resonant modes as well as two nulls in realized gain at the boresight direction. Since the modes of the patches and multistub feed line can be controlled individually, the two operating bands can be tuned to desired frequencies. Also, the radiation nulls in boresight gain can be controlled, high roll-off rate and out-of-band radiation rejection levels are thus obtained. For demonstration, a low profile (0.009λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) dual-band filtering antenna element operating at 1.9 and 2.6 GHz for TD-LTE applications (B39 and B38-bands) is implemented. Dual-band bandpass responses and four radiation nulls are observed in the experiment. Measured in-band gains are 6.7 and 7.3 dBi, whereas out-of-band gains are less than -10 dBi. Based on this element, a four-element MIMO antenna is further designed for LTE CPEs, where low profile and high integration of multiple components are required. A low mutual coupling of less than -19.2 dB and the low envelope correlation coefficients of better than 0.2 are obtained with a small edge-to-edge spacing of 0.15λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .
Method of Assessing Skin Cancerization and KeratosesTM (MASCK™): development and photographic validation in multiple anatomical sites of a novel assessment tool intended for clinical evaluation of patients with extensive skin field cancerization (2022)

Our study found near-perfect agreement in inter-rater reliability when using MASCK to assess the severity of ESFC in multiple anatomical sites. Further validation of this novel instrument is planned to specifically assess its reliability, utility and feasibility in clinical practice.
New stable color-center lasers using metal-doped alkali halides (1982)

Two types of color-center systems have previously been successfully tested and applied as tunable IR laser materials.
Nanoplasmonic Quantitative Detection of Intact Viruses from Unprocessed Whole Blood (2013)

Infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B pose an omnipresent threat to global health. Reliable, fast, accurate, and sensitive platforms that can be deployed at the point-of-care (POC) in multiple settings, such as airports and offices, for detection of infectious pathogens are essential for the management of epidemics and possible biological attacks. To the best of our knowledge, no viral load technology adaptable to the POC settings exists today due to critical technical and biological challenges. Here, we present for the first time a broadly applicable technology for quantitative, nanoplasmonic-based intact virus detection at clinically relevant concentrations. The sensing platform is based on unique nanoplasmonic properties of nanoparticles utilizing immobilized antibodies to selectively capture rapidly evolving viral subtypes. We demonstrate the capture, detection, and quantification of multiple HIV subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, G, and subtype panel) with high repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity down to 98 ± 39 copies/mL (i.e., HIV subtype D) using spiked whole blood samples and clinical discarded HIV-infected patient whole blood samples validated by the gold standard, i.e., RT-qPCR. This platform technology offers an assay time of 1 h and 10 min (1 h for capture, 10 min for detection and data analysis). The presented platform is also able to capture intact viruses at high efficiency using immuno-surface chemistry approaches directly from whole blood samples without any sample preprocessing steps such as spin-down or sorting. Evidence is presented showing the system to be accurate, repeatable, and reliable. Additionally, the presented platform technology can be broadly adapted to detect other pathogens having reasonably well-described biomarkers by adapting the surface chemistry. Thus, this broadly applicable detection platform holds great promise to be implemented at POC settings, hospitals, and primary care settings.
High‐mobility solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistor array for active‐matrix color liquid‐crystal displays (2007)

Abstract— A solution‐processed organic thin‐film‐transistor array to drive a 5‐in.‐diagonal liquid‐crystal display has been fabricated, where semiconductor films, a gate dielectric film, and passivation films have all been formed using solution processes. A field‐effect mobility of 1.6 cm 2 /V‐sec, which is among the highest for solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors ever reported, was obtained. This result is due to semiconductor material with large‐grain‐sized pentacene crystals formed from a solution and adoption of three‐layered passivation films that minimize the performance degradation of organic thin‐film transistors.
Development of a Novel Efficient Method To Construct an Adenovirus Library Displaying Random Peptides on the Fiber Knob (2013)

Redirection of adenovirus vectors by engineering the capsid-coding region has shown limited success because proper targeting ligands are generally unknown. To overcome this limitation, we constructed an adenovirus library displaying random peptides on the fiber knob, and its screening led to successful selections of several particular targeted vectors. In the previous library construction method, the full length of an adenoviral genome was generated by a Cre-lox mediated in vitro recombination between a fiber-modified plasmid library and the enzyme-digested adenoviral DNA/terminal protein complex (DNA-TPC) before transfection to the producer cells. In this system, the procedures were complicated and time-consuming, and approximately 30% of the vectors in the library were defective with no displaying peptide. These may hinder further extensive exploration of cancer-targeting vectors. To resolve these problems, in this study, we developed a novel method with the transfection of a fiber-modified plasmid library and a fiberless adenoviral DNA-TPC in Cre-expressing 293 cells. The use of in-cell Cre recombination and fiberless adenovirus greatly simplified the library-making steps. The fiberless adenovirus was useful in suppressing the expansion of unnecessary adenovirus vectors. In addition, the complexity of the library was more than a 104 level in one well in a 6-well dish, which was 10-fold higher than that of the original method. The results demonstrated that this novel method is useful in producing a high quality live adenovirus library, which could facilitate the development of targeted adenovirus vectors for a variety of applications in medicine.
Biochemical Characterization of a Lysosomal Protease Deficient in Classical Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (LINCL) and Development of an Enzyme‐Based Assay for Diagnosis and Exclusion of LINCL in HUman Specimens and Animal Models (1999)

Classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL), a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease of childhood, results from mutations in a gene (CLN2) that encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to prokaryotic pepstatin-insensitive acid proteases. We have developed a sensitive protease activity assay that allows biochemical characterization of the CLN2 gene product in various human biological samples, including solid tissues (brain and chorionic villi), blood (buffy coat leukocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and mononuclear cells), and cultured cells (lymphoblasts, fibroblasts, and amniocytes). The enzyme has a pH optimum of 3.5 and is rapidly inactivated at neutral pH. A survey of fibroblasts and lymphoblasts demonstrated that lack of activity was associated with LINCL arising from mutations in the CLN2 gene but not other neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), including the CLN6 variant LINCL, classical infantile NCL, classical juvenile NCL, and adult NCL (Kufs' disease). A study conducted using blood samples collected from classical LINCL families whose affliction was confirmed by genetic analysis indicates that the assay can distinguish homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normal controls and thus is useful for diagnosis and carrier testing. Analysis of archival specimens indicates that several specimens previously classified as LINCL have enzyme activity and thus disease is unlikely to arise from mutations in CLN2. Conversely, a specimen previously classified as juvenile NCL lacks pepinase activity and is associated with mutations in CLN2. In addition, several animals with NCL-like neurodegenerative symptoms [mutant strains of mice (nclf and mnd), English setter, border collie, and Tibetan terrier dogs, sheep, and cattle] were found to contain enzyme activity and are thus unlikely to represent models for classical LINCL. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicate that the CLN2 protein is located in lysosomes, which is consistent with its acidic pH optimum for activity and the presence of mannose 6-phosphate. Taken together, these findings indicate that LINCL represents a lysosomal storage disorder that is characterized by the absence of a specific protease activity.
Nonlinear Dynamical Modeling of Sonar Signal Propagation (1999)

Abstract Sonar signal propagation has been traditionally modeled as a linear stochastic process. This research is a major departure from that classical viewpoint and is aimed at modeling acoustic signal propagation dynamics deterministically using the analysis tools of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory. Advantages of using this new paradigm over traditional approaches to sonar modeling are demonstrated by simulating a linear frequency modulated (LFM) active sonar signal and two nonlinear variations of it. When nonlinear performance metrics called the mutual information (MI) and the differential radius (DR) are applied to both linear and nonlinear variants of the LFM signal, both metrics are found to be useful detectors of nonlinearity in a simulated acoustic time series. Next we demonstrate the DR technique, on real ultrasonic time series data, that was found to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of a heart disease called atrial fibrillation. After summarizing results, we conclude with recommended future directions in applied nonlinear sonar signal propagation research.
Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications (2016)

Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are one of the more popular nanomaterials currently utilized within biological applications. However, what is not widely appreciated is their growing role as versatile energy transfer (ET) donors and acceptors within a similar biological context. The progress made on integrating QDs and ET in biological configurations and applications is reviewed in detail here. The goal is to provide the reader with (1) an appreciation for what QDs are capable of in this context, (2) how this field has grown over a relatively short time span, and, in particular, (3) how QDs are steadily revolutionizing the development of new biosensors along with a myriad of other photonically active nanomaterial-based bioconjugates. An initial discussion of QD materials along with key concepts surrounding their preparation and bioconjugation is provided given the defining role these aspects play in the QDs ability to succeed in subsequent ET applications. The discussion is then divided around the specific roles that QDs provide as either Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or charge/electron transfer donor and/or acceptor. For each QD-ET mechanism, a working explanation of the appropriate background theory and formalism is articulated before examining their biosensing and related ET utility. Other configurations such as incorporation of QDs into multistep ET processes or use of initial chemical and bioluminescent excitation are treated similarly. ET processes that are still not fully understood such as QD interactions with gold and other metal nanoparticles along with carbon allotropes are also covered. Given their maturity, some specific applications ranging from in vitro sensing assays to cellular imaging are separated and discussed in more detail. Finally a perspective on how this field will continue to evolve is provided.
microRNA-451a regulates colorectal cancer proliferation in response to radiation (2018)

Taken together, our data indicates miR-451a is induced by radiation and may influence colorectal carcinoma proliferation via CAB39 and EMSY pathways.
PID Control Design Based on a GPC Approach (2002)

In this paper, we present the design of a PID controller that is applicable to commonly encountered process dynamics and that yields an optimum control performance according to a specified performance index. Generalized predictive control (GPC) design principles are used to develop the PID control with predictive capabilities. The user can specify an optimal performance index directly or, alternatively, classical performance measures in terms of a closed-loop damping ratio and natural frequency. Simulation examples are presented to highlight the principles and effectiveness of this control scheme.
Parametric motion vector prediction for hybrid video coding (2012)

Motion compensated prediction still is the main technique for redundancy reduction in modern hybrid video codecs. However, the resulting motion vector fields are highly redundant as well. Thus, motion vector prediction and difference coding are used for compressing. One drawback of all common motion vector prediction techniques is, that they are not able to predict complex motion as rotation and zoom efficiently. We present a novel parametric motion vector predictor (PMVP), based on higher-order motion models to overcome this issue. To transmit the needed motion models, an efficient compression scheme is utilized. This scheme is based on transformation, quantization and difference coding. By incorporating this predictor into the HEVC test model HM 3.2 gains of up to 2.42% are achieved.
A Video Fingerprint Based on Visual Digest and Local Fingerprints (2006)

A fingerprinting design extracts discriminating features, called fingerprints. The extracted features are unique and specific to each image/video. The visual hash is usually a global fingerprinting technique with crypto-system constraints. In this paper, we propose an innovative video content identification process which combines a visual hash function and a local fingerprinting. Thanks to a visual hash function, we observe the video content variation and we detect key frames. A local image fingerprint technique characterizes the detected key frames. The set of local fingerprints for the whole video summarizes the video or fragments of the video. The video fingerprinting algorithm identifies an unknown video or a fragment of video within a video fingerprint database. It compares the local fingerprints of the candidate video with all local fingerprints of a database even if strong distortions are applied to an original content.
Two-Step Low-Complexity Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) (2010)

This work proposes a low-complexity space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for sensing applications built on a moving platform in the presence of strong clutters. The proposed algorithm achieves low-complexity computation via two steps. First, it utilizes improved fast approximated power iteration methods to compress the data into a much smaller subspace. To further reduce the computational complexity, a progressive singular value decomposition (SVD) approach is employed to update the inverse of the covariance matrix of the compressed data. As a result, the proposed low-complexity STAP algorithm can achieve order-of-magnitude computational complexity reduction as compared to conventional STAP algorithms. Simulation results are shown to confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Polymer nanocomposites with improved resistance to ionizing radiation (2012)

In the present study, three different nanocomposites of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with 1 wt. % of nanoparticles of detonation nanodiamond (DND) (PDMS-DNDS), zinc oxide (ZnO) (PDMS-ZnO), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (PDMS-SWNTs) were irradiated under vacuum at room temperature with a 2 MeV proton beam with fluences in the 1013–1015 cm−2 range. Modification of the structures and properties of the nanocomposite materials were monitored as a function of proton fluence. Specifically, the vibrational dynamics of PDMS nanocomposites for unirradiated and irradiated samples were investigated using Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR) and compared. The results were also compared with the results obtained for the unirradiated/irradiated pure PDMS polymer. The Raman and FTIR-ATR spectra of the PDMS nanocomposites exhibit an overall reduction in intensity of the characteristic vibrational bands of the irradiated samples. However, an important difference between the irradiated pure PDMS versus PDMS nanocomposites’ Raman and FTIR spectra appeared; comparable structural degradation of polymer nanocomposites with ZnO, DND, and SWNT fillers takes place at least at 1 or even 2 orders of magnitude higher fluence than for pure PDMS, indicating the potential use of ZnO-based, DND-based, and SWNT-based polymer composites in high radiation environments. The highest resistance to radiation was demonstrated for PDMS-ZnO samples. Since the benefit is realized at a low loading, the cost of the nanocomposite can be kept low and the polymer retains the other beneficial properties that make them attractive.
Coronary arteries motion modeling on 2D x-ray images (2012)

During interventional procedures, 3D imaging modalities like CT and MRI are not commonly used due to interference with the surgery and radiation exposure concerns. Therefore, real-time information is usually limited and building models of cardiac motion are difficult. In such case, vessel motion modeling based on 2-D angiography images become indispensable. Due to issues with existing vessel segmentation algorithms and the lack of contrast in occluded vessels, manual segmentation of certain branches is usually necessary. In addition, such occluded branches are the most important vessels during coronary interventions and obtaining motion models for these can greatly help in reducing the procedure time and radiation exposure. Segmenting different cardiac phases independently does not guarantee temporal consistency and is not efficient for occluded branches required manual segmentation. In this paper, we propose a coronary motion modeling system which extracts the coronary tree for every cardiac phase, maintaining the segmentation by tracking the coronary tree during the cardiac cycle. It is able to map every frame to the specific cardiac phase, thereby inferring the shape information of the coronary arteries using the model corresponding to its phase. Our experiments show that our motion modeling system can achieve promising results with real-time performance.
A new hydrogel intraocular lens design (1994)

A new hydrogel intraocular lens was designed to improve fixation and support. The lens, IOGEL model 2000S, has a 6.00 mm optic that merges via a crescentic flange into a terminal loop for an overall diameter of 12.00 mm. The haptics are more flexible than existing loops and the design of the lens is based on a concept of minimum loop rigidity; that is, a haptic that is rigid enough to support the weight of a lens in aqueous within the capsular bag is considered adequate for modern cataract surgery. I evaluated the lens design's safety and efficacy. Excluding patients with pre-existing macular degeneration, the corrected acuity of all patients at last follow-up was 20/40 or better in 100%, 20/30 or better in 95%, 20/25 to 20/20 or better in 85%, and 20/15 or better in 15%. The new haptic can accommodate compression of the capsular bag and allows early, reliable fixation. The centration of the lens was excellent early in the postoperative period and later after capsular fibrosis developed.