gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of a <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> Strain That Coproduces a Novel Lantibiotic and Polymyxin (2006)

A new bacterial strain, displaying potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, was isolated from food. Based on its phenotypical and biochemical properties as well as its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and it was designated as strain OSY-DF. The antimicrobials produced by this strain were isolated from the fermentation broth and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two antimicrobials were found: a known antibiotic, polymyxin E1, which is active against gram-negative bacteria, and an unknown 2,983-Da compound showing activity against gram-positive bacteria. The latter was purified to homogeneity, and its antimicrobial potency and proteinaceous nature were confirmed. The antimicrobial peptide, designated paenibacillin, is active against a broad range of food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, including Bacillus spp., Clostridium sporogenes, Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Listeria spp., Pediococcus cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Furthermore, it possesses the physico-chemical properties of an ideal antimicrobial agent in terms of water solubility, thermal resistance, and stability against acid/alkali (pH 2.0 to 9.0) treatment. Edman degradation, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to sequence native and chemically modified paenibacillin. While details of the tentative sequence need to be elucidated in future work, the peptide was unequivocally characterized as a novel lantibiotic, with a high degree of posttranslational modifications. The coproduction of polymyxin E1 and a lantibiotic is a finding that has not been reported earlier. The new strain and associated peptide are potentially useful in food and medical applications.
A state constrained approach to vehicle follower control for short headway automated transit systems (1977)

Studies vehicle follower control in an automated transit system. In specific, presents a nonlinear feedback controller designed to operate at short time headways with kinematic constraint on vehicle operation.
SAR processing with stepped chirps and phased array antennas. (2006)

Wideband radar signals are problematic for phased array antennas. Wideband radar signals can be generated from series or groups of narrow-band signals centered at different frequencies. An equivalent wideband LFM chirp can be assembled from lesser-bandwidth chirp segments in the data processing. The chirp segments can be transmitted as separate narrow-band pulses, each with their own steering phase operation. This overcomes the problematic dilemma of steering wideband chirps with phase shifters alone, that is, without true time-delay elements.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) as an Adjunct for Hemorrhagic Shock (2011)

From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (A.S., T.E.R.), Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas; Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma (A.S.), Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Section of Vascular Surgery (J.L.E.), Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and The Norman M. Rich Department of Surgery (T.E.R.), F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland. Submitted for publication: October 31, 2011. Accepted for publication: November 1, 2011. The viewpoints expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of the United States Air Force or Department of Defense. Address for reprints: Todd E. Rasmussen, MD, FACS, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3400 Rawley E. Chambers/Suite B, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78236; email: [email protected].
Fundamentals of Acoustic Cytometry (2009)

Abstract Acoustic cytometry is a new technology that replaces or partly replaces hydrodynamic focusing of cells or particles with focusing derived from acoustic radiation pressure forces. It offers new possibilities for improving current flow cytometry assays and creating new ones. To take full advantage of these possibilities, it is necessary to understand the fundamental benefits and limitations of acoustic focusing as employed in flow cytometry analysis, either as a substitute for hydrodynamic focusing or in combination with it. Curr. Protoc. Cytom . 49:1.22.1‐1.22.12. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Top-Seeded Solution Growth of 4H-SiC Bulk Crystal Using Si-Cr Based Melt (2012)

We have grown high-quality long cylindrical (12 mm thick) 4H-SiC bulk crystals by the meniscus formation technique, which was first applied for the solution growth of bulk SiC. It enabled long-term growth by suppressing parasitic reactions such as polycrystal precipitation around the seed crystal. In addition, we could control the growth angle from −22° to 61° by adjusting the meniscus height. The thickness of the grown cylindrical crystals was 12 mm, which is the largest reported until now, and corresponded to a growth rate of 0.6 mm/h. Smooth morphology growth was maintained on the (000-1) C-face. In cross-sectional transmission optical microscopy images, few solvent inclusions and voids were observed. XRD measurements revealed that the FWHM values of the grown crystals were almost the same as those of the seed crystal.
Technique for measurement of the Raman gain coefficient in optical fibers (1996)

We demonstrate a simple, novel technique for measurement of the Raman gain spectrum in optical fibers. We measure the stimulated Raman scattered power generated by a square pulse as a function of its pulse width. Because of fiber dispersion, increasing the pulse width increases the interaction length of the pump and Stokes pulses and leads to a higher Stokes power. The dependence of growth rate of Stokes power on pulse width gives the Raman gain coefficient. Our technique does not require calibration against a standard or absolute measurement of the Stokes signal. We show that gain values obtained with this technique agree well with direct pump-probe measurements.
New Piezoelectric Materials for Ultrasonic Transducers (1985)

Two types of piezoelectric ceramics with large electromechanical anisotropies (planar coupling factor k p is much less than thickness dilatational coupling factor k t ) have been developed for use as high-frequency ultrasonic transducer materials: modified lead titanate ceramics (Pb, Sm)(Ti, Mn)O 3 and ferroelectric PbZrO 3 ceramics modified by adding small amounts of Pb(Mn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 and PbTiO 3 . These new ceramics have a large k t and k t / k p . PZT/polymer piezoelectric composite sheets have also been developed for use in medical transducers. These composite sheets were fabricated using a “dicing and filling” technique. The resulting composites are highly flexible and show both a large k t and a low acoustic impedance.
A novel valley fill high power factor electronic ballast with dimming feature and low crest factor. Part I. Design and performance (2005)

A novel passive high power factor electronic ballast with dimming feature and low crest factor is presented in this paper. The proposed ballast circuit combines a valley fill circuit and a new frequency modulated current fed resonant inverter as a power circuit. It provides isolation to the driver circuit without the use of any isolation devices. The controller circuit uses a simple modified 555 timer to continuously regulate the lamp current by changing the switching frequency. As a result, a low crest factor is achieved at the output lamp current. All the characteristic equations and design figures are illustrated in this paper. Design guidelines for determining circuit parameters are also provided. MATLAB analysis and Powersim (PSIM) simulation results are presented to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit for a T8-32 W fluorescent lamp
Partially coherent constellations for multi-carrier systems (2005)

For wireless communication systems in high mobility environments, the usual assumption of perfect channel state information at the receiver is not very realistic. In the presence of channel estimation errors, the conventional PSK or QAM constellations, which are designed based on maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points, are no longer optimal. Multi-carrier systems, which are the main focus of this work, are no exception to this fact. In this work, we first characterize the estimation variance of a pilot-based channel estimator for multi-carrier systems. Then, based on a previously derived KL-based criterion, we design new constellations for the ITU vehicular A channel at different SNR regions. The proposed constellations show significant performance improvement over the conventional QAM constellations. We show that the error floor due to the residual channel taps can be reduced by as much as one order of magnitude, if the proposed constellations are used in a multi-carrier system.
Glass-amorphous alkali-ion solid electrolytes and their performance in symmetrical cells (2015)

Precursors of the crystalline antiperovskites A<sub>3−x</sub>H<sub>x</sub>OCl (A = Li or Na and 0 < <italic>x</italic> < 1) can be rendered glass/amorphous solid Li<sup>+</sup> or Na<sup>+</sup> electrolytes by the addition of water to its solvation limit with/without the addition of a small amount of an oxide or hydroxide.
Exploring ASR-free end-to-end modeling to improve spoken language understanding in a cloud-based dialog system (2017)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) in dialog systems is generally performed using a natural language understanding (NLU) model based on the hypotheses produced by an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. However, when new spoken dialog applications are built from scratch in real user environments that often have sub-optimal audio characteristics, ASR performance can suffer due to factors such as the paucity of training data or a mismatch between the training and test data. To address this issue, this paper proposes an ASR-free, end-to-end (E2E) modeling approach to SLU for a cloud-based, modular spoken dialog system (SDS). We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on crowdsourced data collected from non-native English speakers interacting with a conversational language learning application. Experimental results show that our approach is particularly promising in situations with low ASR accuracy. It can further improve the performance of a sophisticated CNN-based SLU system with more accurate ASR hypotheses by fusing the scores from E2E system, i.e., the overall accuracy of SLU is improved from 85.6% to 86.5%.
<title>High-speed gear-failure digital video imaging system</title> (1997)

In support of the gear mesh diagnostics research conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center a new high speed digital video imaging system has been developed to capture images of individual teeth on two meshing planetary gears rotating at high speeds. Each gear tooth image documents the progression of tooth wear, gear pitting, and tooth fractures that lead to overall gear failure. Previous imaging techniques used to document gear failure were restricted to post test analysis and did not allow a real time study of the degradation which leads to total gear failure. This imaging system is integrated with existing vibration detection hardware and operates autonomously to capture images of each gear tooth at predetermined vibration thresholds. Analysis of the data will allow researchers to define specific events in a failure process which lead to a better understanding of the causal factors of gear failure.
Endoscopic Technique for Subfascial Perforating Vein Interruption (1996)

Surgical treatment of incompetent perforating veins of the lower leg performed openly carries considerable morbidity associated with wound healing. Newer minimally invasive techniques offer an effective treatment alternative that avoids the lengthy incisions of the classical subfascial ligation techniques. The authors report a simple and quick two-port endoscopic method for clipping incompetent perforating veins of the lower leg using commonly available endoscopic instrumentation. The technique is unique in its use of a balloon dissector to rapidly establish the subfascial working space.
Effects of Age, Mating, and Time of Day on Behavioral Responses of Female Papaya Fruit Fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), to Synthetic Sex Pheromone1 (1988)

Journal Article Effects of Age, Mating, and Time of Day on Behavioral Responses of Female Papaya Fruit Fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), to Synthetic Sex Pheromone Get access P. J. Landolt, P. J. Landolt Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. R. Heath R. R. Heath Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1 February 1988, Pages 47–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.47 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 14 October 1986 Accepted: 15 September 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
Optimizing Multistage Hydraulic-Fracturing Design Based on 3D Continuum Damage Mechanics (2016)

Abstract The purpose of this work is to build a real three-dimensional (3D) method for optimizing the design of stage intervals in multistage hydraulic fracturing and design of horizontal well spacing in unconventional oil and gas resources. The method proposed in this paper uses continuum damage mechanics as its basis for modeling fractures and their propagation under stimulation injection. The volumetric density of cracks created by injection fluid is represented by a set of two scalar-damage variables. This method can provide a solution for fracture propagation in two horizontal directions. This solution is used for the optimized design of stage intervals for multistage hydraulic fracturing and for the optimized design for well spacing in parallel horizontal wells. The determination of optimized stage intervals considers the overlapping effect of two nearby stimulation stages. A validation example of a design for the hydraulic fracturing of a set of parallel horizontal wells in a tight-sand oil formation is presented. A 3D numerical model was built for this purpose. A numerical solution for the distribution of continuum damage variables under stimulation-injection loads is obtained with a poro-elastoplastic damage model by using the finite element method. The effective fracture length with the critical value of synthetic damage variable (DV) is determined. The optimized stage interval and well spacing are determined, respectively, with reference to numerical results of continuum damage distribution generated by stimulation. The critical value for the synthetic DV is the value of the DV that can represent the opening of an effective fracture. The distribution of synthetic DVs generated by stimulation injection was calculated and analyzed. The stage interval along the well trajectory and the well spacing are determined by using the numerical results of continuum damage distribution. This method can provide a fracture propagation solution in three directions of a 3D volume, which creates a real 3D method for fracturing analysis.
RETRACTED: Coating Sand with New Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Silica/Paraffin Wax Nanocapsules for Desert Water Storage and Transportation (2019)

Paraffin wax emulsions have gained immense attention as a cheap, environment-friendly, and aroma-free material for preparing superhydrophobic coatings. In this work, paraffin wax (PWs) capsules consisting of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were used for coating desert sand. Different types of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, modified with new oleylamino- and oleylamide silane precursors, were prepared in the presence and absence of paraffin waxes. The particle sizes, surface charges, thermal stability, surface morphologies, and wetting characteristics of these nanoparticles were investigated. The combination of these superhydrophobic silica nanoparticles and desert sand, showed excellent water repellency; stable water droplets remained on the sand surface, without any wetting or permeation. Furthermore, the mixing of the superhydrophobic sand with untreated sand (mixing ratio 1:10 wt %), with a thickness of 2 cm, sustained a great water-holding capacity with a water column height of 35 cm. The good thermal stability of the PWs capsules containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, along with their good water-holding capacity, make them potential candidates for developing superhydrophobic sand for desert water storage and transportation.
Photovoltaic properties of metal-free phthalocyanines. I. Al/H2Pc Schottky barrier solar cells (1979)

The photovoltaic properties of Schottky barier solar cells, made by dispersing particles of the x form of mental-free phthalocyanine in a binder polymer and sandwiching between NESA (SnO2/Sb) and aluminum electrodes, have been studied. A power conversion efficiency of over 6% for transmitted light at low power densities (0.06 W/m2) has been obtained for monochromatic irradiation at 670 nm. At peak solar power density (1400 W/m2) the extrapolated power conversion efficiency (η) for transmitted 670 nm irradiation decreases to 0.01%. The decrease in η with intensity was attributed to a space charge limitation due to nonlinear resistance. The devices exhibit Voc’s as high as 1.1 V, but are still limited by a field dependent quantum efficiency. Analysis of the action spectra of these devices revealed the formation of a thin photoactive depletion region (∼400 Å) at the semiconductor/metal interface. These devices are capable of capturing 30% of the solar spectrum within the photoactive region. The effect of pigment loading, cell thickness, light intensity, binder materials, doping and dye sensitization has been studied. Based upon sunlight absorption, theoretical efficiencies for these devices appear high.
Full expansion of context-dependent networks in large vocabulary speech recognition (2002)

We combine our earlier approach to context-dependent network representation with our algorithm for determining weighted networks to build optimized networks for large-vocabulary speech recognition combining an n-gram language model, a pronunciation dictionary and context-dependency modeling. While fully-expanded networks have been used before in restrictive settings (medium vocabulary or no cross-word contexts), we demonstrate that our network determination method makes it practical to use fully-expanded networks also in large-vocabulary recognition with full cross-word context modeling. For the DARPA North American Business News task (NAB), we give network sizes and recognition speeds and accuracies using bigram and trigram grammars with vocabulary sizes ranging from 10000 to 160000 words. With our construction, the fully-expanded NAB context-dependent networks contain only about twice as many arcs as the corresponding language models. Interestingly, we also find that, with these networks, real-time word accuracy is improved by increasing the vocabulary size and n-gram order.
A General Methodology to Predict the Reliability of Single-Crystal Silicon MEMS Devices (2009)

We describe and validate a new failure prediction methodology specifically designed for single-crystal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices under general service loadings. The methodology uses experimental data efficiently generated from fracture testing of simple test specimens to calculate a series of Weibull parameters descriptive of specific surface conditions. These data, combined with finite element modeling, are used to predict the fracture probability for any MEMS device fabricated by the same processes under any type of loading. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method by comparing predicted fracture probabilities against actual fracture test results for a micromirror in two distinct multiaxial loading configurations.
Performance Characteristics of a Rotational Seismometer for Near-Field and Engineering Applications (2009)

Based on the concept that torsion balances act as good filters for rota- tional oscillations at frequencies above their natural frequency of oscillations, we have fabricated a simple prototype to serve as a rotational seismometer for near-field and engineering studies. This instrument displays a nearly flat response at frequencies above 10 mHz, and the preliminary data taken with this instrument show a sensitivity of 5 ! 10 ! 6 ! =0:01 Hz# rad sec ! 1 Hz ! 1=2 . Marginal improvements of the fabrication and housing will be needed to fully cover the sensitivities recommended by a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) panel for studies at these frequencies.
Evaluation of a solid-phase immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (1991)

We describe the evaluation of a solid-phase immunoassay developed for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) in human serum. The immunoassay employs a mixture of HIV-1 and HTLV-I whole viral lysates immobilized in the wells of microtiter plates. Evaluation of genetically well-pedigreed specimens along with normal blood donor samples indicated that the performance characteristics of the test were equivalent to the sensitivity and specificity of individual tests licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for antibodies to HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Furthermore, the test was also able to detect the presence of cross-reacting antibodies in HTLV-II-infected individuals. The use of such a test would greatly reduce the continually mounting costs associated with screening transfusable products for infectious agents.
Terraced Substrate GaAs-(GaAl) As Lasers (1979)

A new structure of stripe-geometry lasers is proposed where a double heterostructure is fabricated on a terraced substrate. The lasing mode is confined and stabilized in the narrow area between two adjacent bends of the active layer. No kinks have been observed in light output-current characteristcs. The terraced substrate laser exhibits a stable single longitudinal mode oscillation as well as a fundamental transverse mode oscillation. Beam divergences of far-field pattern in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the junction plane are 20° and 34°, respectively.