gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin Levels in Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Sites: Correlation With Levels of Gram‐Negative Bacteria (1992)

This study investigated the correlation between endotoxin levels and the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria in healthy sites and in periodontitis sites. Twelve healthy adults participated. Each subject provided 3 periodontitis sites with 5 to 8 mm probing depths that bled on gentle probing and 3 healthy sites with sulcus depths of 1 to 3 mm that did not bleed. Clinical examinations and sterile paper point sampling of all study sites were conducted on days 0, 7, and 14, and site-specific endotoxin levels and percentage of Gram-negative bacteria were determined. There were significant differences in both endotoxin levels and percentage Gram-negative bacteria between healthy and periodontitis sites across all 3 sampling periods, but no difference across sampling periods in the healthy sites and the periodontitis sites, respectively. Correlation coefficients revealed a high degree of correlation between site-specific endotoxin levels and percentage of Gram-negative organisms. Using a sample dilution of 1 x 10(4), endotoxin levels differentiated healthy from periodontitis sites with a specificity of approximately 91% and a sensitivity of approximately 90%.
A Decentralized Multi-Agent System for Management of En Route Electric Vehicles (2018)

Being energy producers and consumers (prosumers), electric vehicles introduce new challenges to the operation of the electricity grid. With the anticipated increase of the market for electric vehicles in the near future, systems that set rules to manage and organize their large-scale penetration into the power grid are needed. As the Internet of Things (IoT) vision evolves, the Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV) shall be a stepping-stone for establishing a link between the well-known hierarchical smart grid control architecture (primary, secondary, and tertiary control) and the emerging layer of the EVs as dynamic and mobile energy prosumers. Against this background, this paper proposes a decentralized multi-agent system designed for the management of en route connected electric vehicles. In this framework, each electric vehicle and electric vehicle park is equipped with an intelligent agent. These agents interact with a higher-level agent responsible for managing charging requests within their geographical area. The importance of this multiagent framework is demonstrated in a case study, where electric vehicles are routed to the most suitable electric vehicle charging parks in their vicinity in a manner that satisfies the charging preferences of customers, with the lowest cost possible, while ensuring that the generation-load balance at the EV parks is not violated.
Substrate specificity of ultraviolet DNA endonuclease (UVDE/Uve1p) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1999)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe ultraviolet DNA endonuclease (UVDE or Uve1p) has been shown to cleave 5' to UV light-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). This endonuclease is believed to function in the initial step in an alternative excision repair pathway for the removal of DNA damage caused by exposure to UV light. An active truncated form of this protein, Delta228-Uve1p, has been successfully overexpressed, affinity purified and partially characterized. In the present study we present data from a detailed substrate specificity trial. We have determined that the substrate range of Uve1p is much greater than was originally believed. We demonstrate that this DNA damage repair protein is capable of recognizing an array of UV-induced DNA photoproducts (cis-syn-, trans-syn I- and trans-syn II CPDs, 6-4PP and Dewar isomers) that cause varying degrees of distortion in a duplex DNA molecule. We also demonstrate that Uve1p recognizes non-UV-induced DNA damage, such as platinum-DNA GG diadducts, uracil, dihydrouracil and abasic sites. This is the first time that a single DNA repair endonuclease with the ability to recognize such a diverse range of lesions has been described. This study suggests that Uve1p and the alternative excision repair pathway may participate broadly in the repair of DNA damage.
Evaluation of the ELOVL4 gene in patients with age-related macular degeneration (2001)

Stargardt-like macular degeneration (STGD(3)) and autosomal dominant macular degeneration (adMD) share phenotypic characters with atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Mutations in a photoreceptor cell-specific factor involved in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL(4)) were shown to be associated with STGD(3), adMD, and pattern dystrophy. We screened 778 patients with AMD and 551 age-matched controls to define the role of sequence variants in the ELOVL(4) gene in age-related macular degeneration. We detected three sequence variants in the non-coding region and eight variants in the coding region. No statistically significant association was observed between sequence variants in the ELOVL(4) gene and susceptibility to AMD. However, for the detection of modest effects of multiple alleles in a complex disease, the analysis of larger cohorts of patients may be required.
Evaluating sparsity penalty functions for combined compressed sensing and parallel MRI (2011)

The combination of compressed sensing (CS) and parallel magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enables further scan acceleration via undersampling than previously feasible. While many of these methods incorporate similar styles of CS, there remains significant variation in the particular choice of function used to promote sparsity. Having developed SpRING, a framework for combining CS and GRAPPA, a parallel MR image reconstruction method, we view the choice of penalty function as a design choice rather than a defining feature of the algorithm. For both simulated and real data, we compare different sparsity penalty functions to the empirical distribution of the reference images. Then, we perform reconstructions on uniformly undersampled data using a variety of penalty functions to illustrate the impact appropriately choosing the penalty function has on the performance of SpRING. These experiments demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate penalty function and how such a choice may differ between simulated data and real data.
Discovery in multi-attribute data with user-defined constraints (2002)

There has been a growing interest in mining frequent itemsets in relational data with multiple attributes. A key step in this approach is to select a set of attributes that group data into transactions and a separate set of attributes that labels data into items. Unsupervised and unrestricted mining, however, is stymied by the combinatorial complexity and the quantity of patterns as the number of attributes grows. In this paper, we focus on leveraging the semantics of the underlying data for mining frequent itemsets. For instance, there are usually taxonomies in the data schema and functional dependencies among the attributes. Domain knowledge and user preferences often have the potential to significantly reduce the exponentially growing mining space. These observations motivate the design of a user-directed data mining framework that allows such domain knowledge to guide the mining process and control the mining strategy. We show examples of tremendous reduction in computation by using domain knowledge in mining relational data with multiple attributes.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTES TO GEM‐DINITROALKANES AND DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Nitroolefine (I) reagieren mit den Alkoholen (II) und Tetranitromethan (III) zu den Addukten (IV).
A variable step-size strategy for distributed estimation over adaptive networks (2013)

Abstract A lot of work has been done recently to develop algorithms that utilize the distributed structure of an ad hoc wireless sensor network to estimate a certain parameter of interest. One such algorithm is called diffusion least-mean squares (DLMS). This algorithm estimates the parameter of interest using the cooperation between neighboring sensors within the network. The present work proposes an improvement on the DLMS algorithm by using a variable step-size LMS (VSSLMS) algorithm. In this work, first, the well-known variants of VSSLMS algorithms are compared with each other in order to select the most suitable algorithm which provides the best trade-off between performance and complexity. Second, the detailed convergence and steady-state analyses of the selected VSSLMS algorithm are performed. Finally, extensive simulations are carried out to test the robustness of the proposed algorithm under different scenarios. Moreover, the simulation results are found to corroborate the theoretical findings very well.
A crystalline alkylsilane dielectric surface-modification layer: a general strategy for high performance organic thin-film transistors (2009)

It has been well established that in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), charge transport occurs within the first few monolayers of the semiconductor at the semiconductor/dielectric interface. Understanding and engineering the semiconductor-dielectric is therefore critical. Large discrepancies in performance, even with seemingly identical surface treatments, indicate that additional surface parameters must be identified and controlled in order to optimize OTFTs. Here, we used the Langmuir-Blodgett technique to study the effect of an octadecylsilane dielectric modification layer on OTFT performance. We found a crystalline, dense OTS monolayer promotes two-dimensional growth in a variety of organic semiconductors. Mobilities as high as 5.3 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs and 2.2 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs were demonstrated on crystalline OTS for C<sub>60</sub> and pentacene, respectively. Finally, we also developed a simple, scalable spin-coating method to produce crystalline OTS. This work represents a significant step towards a general approach for morphological control of organic semiconductors which is directly linked to their thin film transistor performance.
Improved and Opportunistic Interference Alignment Schemes for Multi-Cell Interference Channels (2012)

We study precoder optimization gains and multiuser diversity gains with interference alignment in a two-cell wireless network. In this paper, we propose algorithms to improve the achievable sum rate by optimizing alignment directions. The proposed iterative algorithm can provide a substantial gain in the achievable rate while it requires only a few iterations. In addition, we investigate interference alignment to exploit multiuser diversity gains. A new criterion of user selection scheduling is proposed. This user selection can be done independently in different cells. Therefore, both the searching space and the information exchanged between base stations are significantly reduced compared to joint user scheduling over two cells.
Low-Latency ECDSA Signature Verification—A Road Toward Safer Traffic (2016)

Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure messages exchanged in intelligent transportation systems can reach reception rates over 1000 messages per second. As these messages contain elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) signatures, this puts a very heavy load onto the verification hardware. In fact, the load is so high that, currently, it can only be achieved by implementations running on high-end CPUs and field-programmable gate arrays. These implementations are far from cost-effective or energy efficient. In this paper, we present an application-specified integrated circuit implementation of a dedicated ECDSA verification engine that can reach verification rates of up to 27 000 verifications per second, which is by far the fastest implementation on a single core reported in the literature.
A journey to understand wheat Fusarium head blight resistance in the Chinese wheat landrace Wangshuibai (2017)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. In this article, we review our long-time effort in identifying the resistance genes and dissecting the resistance mechanisms by both forward and reverse genetics approaches in the last two decades. We present recent progress in resistance QTL identification, candidate functional gene discovery, marker-assisted improvement of FHB resistant varieties, and findings in investigating association of signal molecules, such as Ca++, SA, JA, and ET, with FHB response, with the assistance from rapidly growing genomics platforms. The information will be helpful for designing novel and efficient approaches to curb FHB.
Rat histamine N-methyltransferase. Quantification, tissue distribution, purification, and immunologic properties. (1983)

Histamine N-methyltransferase is a major enzyme for inactivating histamine in mammalian tissues. Development of a sensitive and specific assay for histamine N-methyltransferase has permitted quantification of this activity in 25 rat tissues. Additionally, renal histamine N-methyltransferase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The pivotal step in the purification scheme was an affinity column procedure which involved the specific elution of histamine N-methyltransferase from DEAE-Sephacel by 1 mM histamine. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 33,400 and a narrow pH dependency with an optimum at 8.0-8.25. Specific antibody produced to renal histamine N-methyltransferase also immunoprecipitated the brain enzyme completely, therefore indicating neuronal and non-neuronal histamine N-methyltransferase share common antigenic determinants.
Development of a Large Pulse Detonation Engine Demonstrator (2011)

A test facility was designed and constructed to study pulse detonation engine (PDE) operations under a broad range of test parameters and to test and refine various subsystems and processes that are critical for a flight-weight PDE. The PDE combustor was designed to run on most common fuels, including kerosene, propane and hydrogen, with air or oxygen. A new ignition system was also built that features multiple low energy igniters located at the head manifold section of the engine, creating an impinging shock ignition when fired simultaneously. Instead of a separate initiator, an energetic mixture can be introduced in the ignition section to facilitate deflagration-to-detonation transition. The main sections of the combustor were fitted with fully enclosed water cooling passages. Kerosene fuel was preheated before mixing with preheated air in a mixing chamber. The fuel‐air mixture and the purge air were injected into the engine at appropriate stages of the engine cycle using dual rotary valves, each having nine parallel ports. The fluid was injected into the combustor through ports located along the wall of the engine. The rotary valves were driven directly by a stepper motor. A pair of orifice plates were located downstream of the ignition zone for inducing deflagration-to-detonation transition. Dynamic pressure transducers and ion detectors were used for combustion diagnostics within the combustor. The various components of the engine were controlled via a data acquisition system, which was also used for monitoring the engine processes and for recording data.
Noise reduction strategies in freehand elasticity imaging (2003)

We are developing a clinical ultrasonic imaging system for real-time estimation and display of tissue elastic properties. We have demonstrated that real-time feedback of elasticity images is essential for obtaining high-quality data (consecutive images with high spatial coherence). The key element to successful scanning is real-time visual feedback which guides the patient positioning and compression direction. Our data have clearly demonstrated nonlinearity in the strain properties of different tissue types. We have also demonstrated that a comparison of the area of a breast lesion observed in strain images versus B-mode images is a sensitive criterion for differentiating malignant from benign tumors. Frame-to-frame variability in strain images somewhat degrades the ability to observe these phenomena. Three strategies for reducing frame-to-frame strain image noise are described. The combination of these post-processing strategies provides a significant improvement in the quality of long sequences of strain images.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Downhole Fluid Analysis (2009)

Summary Reservoir characterization and asset management require comprehensive information about formation fluids. Obtaining this information at all stages of the exploration and development cycle is essential for field planning and operation. Traditionally, fluid information has been obtained by capturing samples and then measuring the pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties in a laboratory. More recently, downhole fluid analysis (DFA) during formation testing has provided real-time fluid information. However, the extreme conditions of the downhole environment limit the DFA-tool measurements to only a small subset of the fluid properties provided by a laboratory. Nevertheless, these tools are valuable in predicting other PVT properties from the measured data. These predictions can be used in real time to optimize the sampling program, to help evaluate completion decisions, and to understand flow-assurance issues. The petroleum industry has devoted much effort to developing computational methods to model phase behavior. Two approaches are prevalent—simple correlations and equation-of-state (EOS) models. However, in recent years, artificial-neural-network (ANN) technology has been applied successfully to many petroleum-engineering problems, including the prediction of PVT behavior. ANN technology can recognize patterns in data, adjust dynamically to changes, infer general rules from specific cases, and accept a large number of input variables. An ANN architecture can allow for continuous improvement by expanding the training database with new data. In this paper, we present the application of ANN technology to DFA. We demonstrate this with an ANN model that uses the DFA-tool measurements of fluid composition as input and produces predictions of gas/oil ratio (GOR), a key PVT property used in real time to monitor a formation-tester sampling job. The ANN also provides an uncertainty estimation of its outputs as a quality-assurance indicator. We compare ANN results with those from the algorithms used by DFA tools.
Simultaneous measurements of top surface and its underlying film surfaces in multilayer film structure (2017)

With the growth of 3D packaging technology and the development of flexible, transparent electrodes, the use of multilayer thin-films is steadily increasing throughout high-tech industries including semiconductor, flat panel display, and solar photovoltaic industries. Also, this in turn leads to an increase in industrial demands for inspection of internal analysis. However, there still remain many technical limitations to overcome for measurement of the internal structure of the specimen without damage. In this paper, we propose an innovative optical inspection technique for simultaneous measurements of the surface and film thickness corresponding to each layer of multilayer film structures by computing the phase and reflectance over a wide range of wavelengths. For verification of our proposed method, the sample specimen of multilayer films was fabricated via photolithography process, and the surface profile and film thickness of each layer were measured by two different techniques of a stylus profilometer and an ellipsometer, respectively. Comparison results shows that our proposed technique enables simultaneous measurements of the top surface and its underlying film surfaces with high precision, which could not be measured by conventional non-destructive methods.
Computer‐aided diagnosis for interstitial infiltrates in chest radiographs: Optical‐density dependence of texture measures (1995)

We have been developing a computerized scheme for automated detection and characterization of interstitial infiltrates based on the Fourier transform of lung texture. To improve the performance of the scheme, which was developed using digitized screen-film radiographs, optical-density dependence of both the gradient of the film used and the system noise associated with the laser scanner were investigated. Two hundred chest radiographs, including 100 abnormal cases with interstitial infiltrates, were digitized using a laser scanner. The root-mean-square (RMS) variations and the first moments of the power spectra, which correspond to the magnitude and coarseness of lung texture, were determined by Fourier transform of lung textures in numerous regions of interest (ROIs). The RMS variation was dependent upon the average optical density in the ROI, though no obvious trend existed for the first moment of the power spectrum. Dependence of the RMS variations on optical density was corrected for using the gradient curve of the film. Also, system noise associated with the laser scanner was corrected. Results indicated that the specificity was improved from 81% (without correction) to 89% (with corrections), without any loss of sensitivity (90%). Thus, the correspondence between the computer output and consensus interpretation of radiologists was improved with the new scheme compared to the previous one. This improved computerized scheme may be useful to radiologists in detecting interstitial infiltrates in chest radiographs.
New Type of Extra Large Area Film Display with Plasma Tube Array Technology and Its New Applications (2009)

The plasma tubes array is the film display that is able to realize an extra large area emissive display. And it is expected to realize the new industrial applications of wall size display because of its wonderful characteristics such as ultra-thin, light-weight, flexible and low power consumption. We had successfully developed a prototype display of 3 m times 2 m screen size which was consisted of 6 sub-modules of 1 m times 1 m with seam-less structure. The weight, thickness and power consumption of the display film were measured at 7.5 kg, 1 mm and 1200 W respectively. With this display people can see the real-size images as if they really see it and it will open the new world to the natural communication through this display.
Identification of<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>Antivirulence Genes: Hemagglutinin Adhesins Contribute to<i>X. fastidiosa</i>Biofilm Maturation and Colonization and Attenuate Virulence (2005)

Xylella fastidosa, a gram-negative, xylem-limited bacterium, is the causal agent of several economically important plant diseases, including Pierce's disease (PD) and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Until recently, the inability to transform or produce transposon mutants of X. fastidosa had been a major impediment to identifying X. fastidosa genes that mediate pathogen and plant interactions. A random transposon (Tn5) library of X. fastidosa was constructed and screened for mutants showing more severe symptoms and earlier grapevine death (hypervirulence) than did vines infected with the wild type. Seven hypervirulent mutants identified in this screen moved faster and reached higher populations than the wild type in grapevines. These results suggest that X. fastidosa attenuates its virulence in planta and that movement is important in X. fastidosa virulence. The mutated genes were sequenced and none had been described previously as antivirulence genes, although six of them showed similarity with genes of known functions in other organisms. One transposon insertion inactivated a hemagglutinin adhesin gene (PD2118), which we named HxfA. Another mutant in a second putative X. fastidosa hemagglutinin gene, PD1792 (HxfB), was constructed, and further characterization of these hxf mutants suggests that X. fastidosa hemagglutinins mediate contact between X. fastidosa cells, which results in colony formation and biofilm maturation within the xylem vessels.