gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Performance of Hybrid Foil-Magnetic Bearings (1999)

Recent technological advancements make hybridization of the magnetic and foil bearings both possible and extremely attractive. Operation of the foil/magnetic bearing takes advantage of the strengths of each individual bearing while minimizing each other’s weaknesses. In this paper one possible hybrid foil and magnetic bearing arrangement is investigated and sample design and operating parameters are presented. One of the weaknesses of the foil bearings, like any hydrodynamic bearing, is that contact between the foil bearing and the shaft occurs at rest or at very low speeds and it has low load carrying capacity at low speeds. For high speed applications, AMBs are, however, vulnerable to rotor-bending or structural resonances that can easily saturate power amplifiers and make the control system unstable. Since the foil bearing is advantageous for high speed operation with a higher load carrying capacity, and the magnetic bearing is so in low speed range, it is a natural evolution to combine them into a hybrid bearing system thus utilizing the advantages of both. To take full advantage of the foil and magnetic elements comprising a hybrid bearing, it is imperative that the static and dynamic characteristics of each bearing be understood. This paper describes the development of a new analysis technique that was used to evaluate the performance of a class of gas-lubricated journal bearings. Unlike conventional approaches, the solution of the governing hydrodynamic equations dealing with compressible fluid is coupled with the structural resiliency of the bearing surfaces. The distribution of the fluid film thickness and pressures, as well as the shear stresses in a finite-width journal bearing, are computed. Using the Finite Element (FE) method, the membrane effect of an elastic top foil was evaluated and included in the overall analytical procedure. Influence coefficients were generated to address the elasticity effects of combined top foil and elastic foundation on the hydrodynamics of journal bearings, and were used to expedite the numerical solution. The overall program logic proved to be an efficient technique to deal with the complex structural compliance of various foil bearings. Parametric analysis was conducted to establish tabulated data for use in a hybrid foil/magnetic bearing design analysis. A load sharing control algorithm between the foil and magnetic elements is also discussed. [S0742-4795(00)01201-1]
Paper-like cholesteric liquid crystal display (Invited Paper) (2005)

A paper-like cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) display has been developed by photo-induced polymer/ liquid crystal phase separation process. Depending on this process, the homogeneous mixture of ChLC and pre-polymer would separate into polymer walls and ChLC rich region. Polymer walls formed by photopolymerization of pre-polymer provide several advantages of flexible display applications such as good mechanical properties and low cell gap tolerance. The ChLC rich region was a composite combined by the ChLC and dispersed polymer. This dispersed polymer was derived from the residue polymer in the display area after the phase separation process. This dispersed polymer was used to disturb the alignment of ChLC, and break the planar structure into multi-domain planar structure which would present the white appearance in the planar state. The electro-optical properties were measured by Otsuka LCD 5100 and Eldim EZ Contrast 160RH. The relationship between phase separation process and electro-optical properties was also been developed.
Sphingoid Bases Inhibit Acid-Induced Demineralization of Hydroxyapatite (2014)

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp), the main constituent of dental enamel, is inherently susceptible to the etching and dissolving action of acids, resulting in tooth decay such as dental caries and dental erosion. Since the prevalence of erosive wear is gradually increasing, there is urgent need for agents that protect the enamel against erosive attacks. In the present study we studied in vitro the anti-erosive effects of a number of sphingolipids and sphingoid bases, which form the backbone of sphingolipids. Pretreatment of HAp discs with sphingosine, phytosphingosine (PHS), PHS phosphate and sphinganine significantly protected these against acid-induced demineralization by 80 ± 17%, 78 ± 17%, 78 ± 7% and 81 ± 8%, respectively (p < 0.001). On the other hand, sphingomyelin, acetyl PHS, octanoyl PHS and stearoyl PHS had no anti-erosive effects. Atomic force measurement revealed that HAp discs treated with PHS were almost completely and homogeneously covered by patches of PHS. This suggests that PHS and other sphingoid bases form layers on the surface of HAp, which act as diffusion barriers against H(+) ions. In principle, these anti-erosive properties make PHS and related sphingosines promising and attractive candidates as ingredients in oral care products.
Computer simulation of reconstructed image for computer-generated holograms (2009)

This report presents the results of computer simulation images for image-type Computer-Generated Holograms (CGHs) observable under white light fabricated with an electron beam lithography system. The simulated image is obtained by calculating wavelength and intensity of diffracted light traveling toward the viewing point from the CGH. Wavelength and intensity of the diffracted light are calculated using FFT image generated from interference fringe data. Parallax image of CGH corresponding to the viewing point can be easily obtained using this simulation method. Simulated image from interference fringe data was compared with reconstructed image of real CGH with an Electron Beam (EB) lithography system. According to the result, the simulated image resembled the reconstructed image of the CGH closely in shape, parallax, coloring and shade. And, in accordance with the shape of the light sources the simulated images which were changed in chroma saturation and blur by using two kinds of simulations: the several light sources method and smoothing method. In addition, as the applications of the CGH, full-color CGH and CGH with multiple images were simulated. The result was that the simulated images of those CGHs closely resembled the reconstructed image of real CGHs.
Development of Fiber Optic Radiation Monitor using Plastic Scintillation Fibers. (1998)

We have developed a radiation monitor by using plastic scintillation fibers (PSF), which we call the fiber optic radiation monitor. For wide-area radiation monitoring, the detection part needs to be longer, therefore we have produced a prototype monitor by combining the PSF and the silica fiber for optical propagation.In this paper we first explain the characteristics when silica fiber of 100 m long is connected to the PSF. We found that in this case, the position resolution would drop. In order to determine the cause, we observed the aspects of optical pulse propagation. It was found that the light is transmitted through the silica fiber and is detected at fiber end as single photons, and the resolution deteriorated due to the difference in the propagation path of each of photons.We next explain the prototype fiber optic radiation monitor with a detection length of 20 m and a total length of 60 m, and its performance.
Identification of P1 gene domain containing epitope(s) mediating Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytoadherence. (1988)

A genomic library of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was constructed by cloning sheared genomic DNA into the expression vector lambda gt11. Recombinant clones were screened using anti-M. pneumoniae mAbs reactive with adhesin P1 epitopes that mediate cytadherence. 10 clones with different size inserts were isolated. These clones possessed P1 sequences localized to the COOH terminus of the P1 gene. All clones produced fusion proteins that reacted with acute and convalescent sera of patients infected with M. pneumoniae. Interestingly, one clone, P1-7, contained an epitope that was confined to a region of 13 amino acids present in the M. pneumoniae genome as a single copy. The identification of this cytadherence-related epitope permits the production of a synthetic peptide that can be used as a rational vaccine candidate and serodiagnostic probe.
Accurate helical cone-beam CT reconstruction with redundant data (2009)

We present a new image reconstruction algorithm for helical cone-beam computed tomography (CT). This algorithm is designed for data collected at or near maximum pitch, and provides a theoretically exact and stable reconstruction while beneficially using all measured data. The main operations involved are a differentiated backprojection and a finite-support Hilbert transform inversion. These operations are applied onto M-lines, and the beneficial use of all measured data is gained from averaging three volumes reconstructed each with a different choice of M-lines. The technique is overall similar to that presented by one of the authors in a previous publication, but operates volume-wise, instead of voxel-wise, which yields a significantly more efficient reconstruction procedure. The algorithm is presented in detail. Also, preliminary results from computer-simulated data are provided to demonstrate the numerical stability of the algorithm, the beneficial use of redundant data and the ability to process data collected with an angular flying focal spot.
Hard and Tough Boron Suboxide Based Composites (2006)

Boron Suboxide (B6O) powder was synthesized at temperatures of about 1400 oC from the reaction of boron and boric acid powders. The synthesized B6O powders were hot pressed at 1900 oC and at pressures of 50 MPa. Additionally to pure B6O materials, composites with Aluminum were prepared. The microstructure and properties of the sintered compacts were investigated. The addition of Aluminum in the composites results in the formation of an additional Aluminum Borate phase. The composites showed a similar hardness (~30GPa) as the pure B6O samples but an increased fracture toughness (~3.5MPa.m1/2).
Subharmonic power line carrier (PLC) based island detection (2015)

The anticipated high penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy sources is expected to lead to significant changes in utility interconnection requirements for PV systems. These changes will include provisions for voltage and frequency regulation capability, as well as better voltage and frequency ride through requirements. For distributed energy resources (DER), in particular PV, to provide grid support, it must participate in frequency and voltage regulation. Frequency and voltage ride through allows inverters to remain connected to ensure robust recovery in the event of voltage and frequency disturbance. Implementing these advanced capabilities is essential to mitigating the negative impacts of high penetration PV, but their integration into a typical distribution system presents significant technical challenges, one of which is the increased risk of unintentional islanding. In this paper, an island detection method is presented that relies on a continuous subharmonic signal, a power line carrier permissive (PLCP), that is injected at the transmission level or at the substation and detected by any type of DERs in any combination. Absence of the signal indicates loss of utility and possible island condition. Laboratory and simulation experiments were done to investigate feasibility of the method. The PLC system discussed herein is novel in that it utilizes a power electronics based series voltage injection method. Advantages include the ability to use a smaller and less expensive transformer and enhanced flexibility in the amplitude, waveform and frequency of the injected signal.
High‐resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy in a live mouse subjected to 1.5 Hz magic angle spinning (2003)

It is demonstrated that the resolution of the (1)H NMR metabolite spectrum in a live mouse can be significantly enhanced by an ultraslow magic angle spinning of the animal combined with a modified phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) pulse sequence. Proton NMR spectra were measured of the torso and the top part of the belly of a female BALBc mouse in a 2 T field while spinning the animal at a speed of 1.5 Hz. It was found that even in this relatively low field, with PHORMAT an isotropic spectrum is obtained with line widths that are a factor of 4.6 smaller than those obtained in a stationary mouse. It is concluded that in vivo PHORMAT has the potential to significantly increase the utility of (1)H NMR spectroscopy for biochemical and biomedical animal research.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor mediates activation of ras through different signaling pathways in different cell types. (1993)

A series of pieces of evidence have shown that Ras protein acts as a transducer of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-mediated signaling pathway: (i) formation of Ras.GTP is detected immediately on PDGF stimulation, and (ii) a dominant inhibitory mutant Ras, as well as a neutralizing anti-Ras antibody, can interfere with PDGF-induced responses. On the other hand, several signal transducing molecules including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), GTPase-activating protein (GAP), and phospholipase C gamma (PLC gamma) bind directly to the PDGF receptor and become tyrosine phosphorylated. Recently, it was shown that specific phosphorylated tyrosines of the PDGF receptor are responsible for interaction between the receptor and each signaling molecule. However, the roles of these signaling molecules have not been elucidated, and it remains unclear which molecules are implicated in the Ras pathway. In this study, we measured Ras activation in cell lines expressing mutant PDGF receptors that are deficient in coupling with specific molecules. In fibroblast CHO cells, a mutant receptor (Y708F/Y719F [PI3-K-binding sites]) was unable to stimulate Ras, whereas another mutant (Y739F [the GAP-binding site]) could do so, suggesting an indispensable role of PI3-K or a protein that binds to the same sites as PI3-K for PDGF-stimulated Ras activation. By contrast, both of the above mutants were capable of stimulating Ras protein in a pro-B-cell line, BaF3. Furthermore, a mutant receptor (Y977F/Y989F [PLC gamma-binding sites]) could fully activate Ras, and the direct activation of protein kinase C and calcium mobilization had almost no effect on the GDP/GTP state of Ras in this cell line. These results suggest that, in the pro-B-cell transfectants, each of the above pathways (PI3-K, GAP, and PLC gamma) can be eliminated without a loss of Ras activation. It remains unclear whether another unknown essential pathway which regulates Ras protein exists within BaF3 cells. Therefore, it is likely that several different PDGF receptor-mediated signaling pathways function upstream of Ras, and the extent of the contribution of each pathway for the regulation of Ras may differ among different cell types.
A comparison of Monte Carlo dose calculation denoising techniques (2005)

Recent studies have demonstrated that Monte Carlo (MC) denoising techniques can reduce MC radiotherapy dose computation time significantly by preferentially eliminating statistical fluctuations ('noise') through smoothing. In this study, we compare new and previously published approaches to MC denoising, including 3D wavelet threshold denoising with sub-band adaptive thresholding, content adaptive mean-median-hybrid (CAMH) filtering, locally adaptive Savitzky-Golay curve-fitting (LASG), anisotropic diffusion (AD) and an iterative reduction of noise (IRON) method formulated as an optimization problem. Several challenging phantom and computed-tomography-based MC dose distributions with varying levels of noise formed the test set. Denoising effectiveness was measured in three ways: by improvements in the mean-square-error (MSE) with respect to a reference (low noise) dose distribution; by the maximum difference from the reference distribution and by the 'Van Dyk' pass/fail criteria of either adequate agreement with the reference image in low-gradient regions (within 2% in our case) or, in high-gradient regions, a distance-to-agreement-within-2% of less than 2 mm. Results varied significantly based on the dose test case: greater reductions in MSE were observed for the relatively smoother phantom-based dose distribution (up to a factor of 16 for the LASG algorithm); smaller reductions were seen for an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) head and neck case (typically, factors of 2-4). Although several algorithms reduced statistical noise for all test geometries, the LASG method had the best MSE reduction for three of the four test geometries, and performed the best for the Van Dyk criteria. However, the wavelet thresholding method performed better for the head and neck IMRT geometry and also decreased the maximum error more effectively than LASG. In almost all cases, the evaluated methods provided acceleration of MC results towards statistically more accurate results.
Deep learning to generate in silico chemical property libraries and candidate molecules for small molecule identification in complex samples (2019)

Comprehensive and unambiguous identification of small molecules in complex samples will revolutionize our understanding of the role of metabolites in biological systems. Existing and emerging technologies have enabled measurement of chemical properties of molecules in complex mixtures and, in concert, are sensitive enough to resolve even stereoisomers. Despite these experimental advances, small molecule identification is inhibited by (i) chemical reference libraries representing <1% of known molecules, limiting the number of possible identifications, and (ii) the lack of a method to generate candidate matches directly from experimental features (i.e. without a library). To this end, we developed a variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn a continuous numerical, or latent, representation of molecular structure to expand reference libraries for small molecule identification. We extended the VAE to include a chemical property decoder, trained as a multitask network, in order to shape the latent representation such that it assembles according to desired chemical properties. The approach is unique in its application to small molecule identification, with its focus on m/z and CCS, paired with its training paradigm, which involved a cascade of transfer learning iterations. This allows the network to learn as much as possible at each stage, enabling success with progressively smaller datasets without overfitting. Once trained, the network can rapidly predict chemical properties directly from structure, as well as generate candidate structures with desired chemical properties. Additionally, the ability to generate novel molecules along manifolds, defined by chemical property analogues, positions DarkChem as highly useful in a number of application areas, including metabolomics and small molecule identification, drug discovery and design, chemical forensics, and beyond.
Resource management in SAS Simulation Studio (2010)

We present an overview of resource management in SAS Simulation Studio, an object-oriented, Java-based application for building and analyzing discrete-event simulation models. In Simulation Studio, resources are modeled as special types of hierarchical entities that can be assigned attributes and flow through the model. Furthermore, resource entities can be seized and released by other entities to fulfill resource demands. Flexible resource entity rules are used to specify these demands, as well as the requirements of other resource operations, such as state and capacity changes. The hierarchical, entity-based approach in Simulation Studio allows the user more control over resource behavior and provides many advantages over alternative resource management techniques, especially in the areas of resource scheduling and preemption.
FeelCraft (2014)

FeelCraft is a media plugin that monitors events and states in the media and associates them with expressive tactile content using a library of feel effects (FEs). A feel effect (FE) is a user-defined haptic pattern that, by virtue of its connection to a meaningful event, generates dynamic and expressive effects on the user's body. We compiled a library of more than fifty FEs associated with common events in games, movies, storybooks, etc., and used them in a sandbox-type gaming platform. The FeelCraft plugin allows a game designer to quickly generate haptic effects, associate them to events in the game, play them back for testing, save them and/or broadcast them to other users to feel the same haptic experience. Our demonstration shows an interactive procedure for authoring haptic media content using the FE library, playing it back during interactions in the game, and broadcasting it to a group of guests.
Two-dimensional mesh-based mosaic representation for manipulation of video objects with occlusion (2000)

We present a two-dimensional (2-D) mesh-based mosaic representation, consisting of an object mesh and a mosaic mesh for each frame and a final mosaic image, for video objects with mildly deformable motion in the presence of self and/or object-to-object (external) occlusion. Unlike classical mosaic representations where successive frames are registered using global motion models, we map the uncovered regions in the successive frames onto the mosaic reference frame using local affine models, i.e., those of the neighboring mesh patches. The proposed method to compute this mosaic representation is tightly coupled with an occlusion adaptive 2-D mesh tracking procedure, which consist of propagating the object mesh frame to frame, and updating of both object and mosaic meshes to optimize texture mapping from the mosaic to each instance of the object. The proposed representation has been applied to video object rendering and editing, including self transfiguration, synthetic transfiguration, and 2-D augmented reality in the presence of self and/or external occlusion. We also provide an algorithm to determine the minimum number of still views needed to reconstruct a replacement mosaic which is needed for synthetic transfiguration. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate both the 2-D mesh-based mosaic synthesis and two different video object editing applications on real video sequences.
A NEW FREQUENCY SELECTIVE WINDOW FOR CONSTRUCTING WAVEGUIDE BANDPASS FILTERS WITH MULTIPLE ATTENUATION POLES (2011)

This paper presents a novel frequency selective window for waveguide fllters. It has a resonant characteristic with two attenuation poles on both sides of a passband, that is, a dual-behavior resonance. Such frequency selective windows make it possible to construct a compact bandpass fllter having multiple attenuation poles without any additional coupling structures. As design examples, we show 3-pole Chebyshev waveguide fllters with six attenuation poles in both the microwave and the millimeter-wave regions. The validity of the present fllters is proven by the comparison of the frequency characteristics between the calculated and the measured results.
Anti‐shudder durability of automatic transmission fluids: Mechanism of the loss of shudder control (1997)

Abstract Field samples of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) from vehicles fitted with controlled‐slip torque converter clutches have been analysed to determine the cause of the onset of vehicle shudder. A laboratory anti‐shudder test has been developed using the SAE No. 2 machine. This test includes several degradation mechanisms: thermal degradation in engaging clutches, oxidative degradation in the presence of catalytic metals, and degradation produced by a continuously sliding clutch. At least in the case of one specific fluid, the mode of failure produced in the laboratory test was very similar to the mode of failure in the vehicle. Fluids with improved anti‐shudder durability have been evaluated by this test method and fail by different mechanisms. Test matrices have been conducted to separate the contribution of fluid and hardware to the loss of shudder control in these systems.