gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of errors in the system matrix on maximum<i>a posteriori</i>image reconstruction (2005)

Statistically based iterative image reconstruction methods have been developed for emission tomography. One important component in iterative image reconstruction is the system matrix, which defines the mapping from the image space to the data space. Several groups have demonstrated that an accurate system matrix can improve image quality in both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). While iterative methods are amenable to arbitrary and complicated system models, the true system response is never known exactly. In practice, one also has to sacrifice the accuracy of the system model because of limited computing and imaging resources. This paper analyses the effect of errors in the system matrix on iterative image reconstruction methods that are based on the maximum a posteriori principle. We derived an analytical expression for calculating artefacts in a reconstructed image that are caused by errors in the system matrix using the first-order Taylor series approximation. The theoretical expression is used to determine the required minimum accuracy of the system matrix in emission tomography. Computer simulations show that the theoretical results work reasonably well in low-noise situations.
Studies of Polymer Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2012
Biochemical analyses of murine erythropoietin from plasma and from cloned erythroleukemia cells. (1987)

The hydrophobicity, ionic charges, degrees of glycosylation, and Western blot patterns of murine plasma erythropoietin and erythropoietin produced by clones of two murine erythroleukemic cell lines (IW32 and NN10) were compared. Erythropoietins from these different sources exhibited a number of similarities in their biochemical properties: identical retention on DEAE Affigel blue column and similar apparent molecular weights (30-36 kDa) in Western blot analysis. However, differences were also observed: heterogeneous binding to different lectin columns and varied retention on a phenyl Sepharose column. The data thus confirm that these murine plasma erythropoietins have biochemical properties in common with previously studied erythropoietins from humans or sheep. The major difference between erythropoietins secreted by erythroleukemic cell lines and other molecules belonging to the same family appears to be related to their glycosylation.
Greenfield Vena Caval Filter Experience (1981)

In a review of clinical experience with the Greenfield filter in 156 patients, the most common indication for insertion was a contraindication to anticoagulation or recurrent embolism during treatment. Most of the filters (86%) were placed infrarenal, with 7% placed intentionally suprarenal and 7% misplaced but amenable to retrieval. Recurrent embolism was suspected in three patients (2%) on the basis of symptoms and was diagnosed by scan in three patients (2%). Follow-up studies on 119 local patients (11 were lost, 49 died) extended to 63 months (average, 23 months) and showed no migration or deaths due to recurrent embolism. Of 102 venacavograms obtained, occlusion of the cava was seen in only three patients (5%), for a long-term patency rate of 95%.
Hypertonic saline dextran produces early (8-12 hrs) fluid sparing in burn resuscitation: A 24-hr prospective, double-blind study in sheep (2000)

We conclude a considerable initial, but not sustained fluid-sparing effect of early HSD, and no effect of a late, slowly infused HSD dose in this two-dose regimen.
Lowering and lifting operations through moonpools: Hydrodynamic investigations (2014)

On construction vessels subsea modules, diving bells, cables and so on are often lifted through a moonpool. The advantage of using a moonpool is that the surface elevation inside the moonpool is shielded against the outside waves. Further, the moonpool is often located close to the vessels center of rotation, which makes the lifting operation less sensitive to vertical motions due to roll and pitch. For some frequencies the water inside the moonpool may be excited in a resonant condition such as sloshing or so-called piston mode. In these cases the benefit of using a moonpool may be outweighed by the large resonant excitation. This thesis compares the hydrodynamic properties between a regular sized moonpool and a moonpool that is significantly larger. First, the results from a model test campaign for a specific offshore operation have been analyzed. The campaign was performed in irregular waves with a construction vessel moored in a stationary position with modules inside the moonpool. The results are indicating that modules are shielded from the incident waves, especially for the high frequent waves where the response is almost cancelled. There are some indications for a resonant piston mode occurring, but with a very low amplification. The largest amplifications are close to 1. Meaning that the wave height inside the moonpool is similar to the wave height of the incident wave.Finally, the vessel has been modeled and analyzed numerically using the potential theory based panel method. The software WAMIT has been used to calculate responses due to radiation and diffraction. The surface elevation indicates that the piston mode is very large for the standard size moonpool compared to the enlarged moonpool. However, when the moonpool is enlarged, a sloshing mode becomes more dominant. Comparing the experimental and the numerical method has proven to be challenging. The model test was performed for a very complex system with a lot of details that are hard to replicate; both from a modeling point of view and with regards to all the physical effects that should be accounted for.
On-wafer facet processing for low cost optoelectroniccomponents (1997)

Strained multiquantum well Inp/InGaAsP buried heterostructure lasers were prepared using a novel etched facet/on-wafer facet coating process. Facet trenches were etched using a methane/hydrogen based RIE process. The dielectric and metal layers conventionally used for passivation and electrical contact in a standard laser structure were also used as AR and HR coatings in these devices. DFB laser devices showed lasing thresholds of 8 mA and a front-back power ratio of 10:1 for devices with etched and AR/HR coated facets.
MultiPEGs: High Molecular Weight Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s Assembled by a Dendrimer‐Like Approach (2005)

Abstract New multifunctional, soluble and biocompatible polymeric systems exhibiting good physicochemical properties and good binding capacity have been obtained by assembly of smaller PEG components, selectively protected, purified and activated, by use of appropriate polyfunctional linkers. A general process for the synthesis of those derivatives was characterized by: a) selective derivatization of a PEG unit with a defined MW with an appropriate protecting group and activation of residual functional groups, and b) multiple condensation reactions of PEG units and linkers to provide multifunctional polyethylene glycol derivatives (MultiPEGs) of the desired size and complex structure. These complex‐structured MultiPEGs have larger numbers of functional groups, and probably better biodegradability, than commercial PEGs of comparable molecular weight. They can be advantageously used as carriers or stabilizers of pharmacologically or biologically active substances, and also as soluble supports for reagents and catalysts in liquid‐phase synthesis reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Properties of Fluorescent .beta.-Adrenoceptor Ligands (1994)

We describe the synthesis of bordifluoropyrromethene (BODIPY), fluorescein, and related fluorescent derivatives of the beta-adrenergic ligand CGP 12177. With these probes we screened insect (Sf9) cells stably transformed with the human beta 2-adrenoceptor gene and expressing (2-3.5) x 10(5) human beta 2-adrenoceptors per cell. Among these derivatives only BODIPY-CGP gave a receptor-specific signal sufficiently strong for measuring the on- and off-rate constants and the equilibrium dissociation constant of beta-adrenoceptor-specific binding by spectrofluorometry or photon counting. Similar KD values for BODIPY-CGP binding were obtained by kinetic measurements (approx. 250 pM) and under equilibrium conditions (400 +/- 180 pM), and these were in the same range as those obtained with [3H]CGP 12177 (200 +/- 32 pM). The cell-bound fluorescence could be quenched specifically with nonfluorescent CGP 12177 to near background levels. The disposition of the beta 2-adrenoceptors in BODIPY-CGP-stained Sf9 cells was mainly restricted to the cell surface at 4 and 30 degrees C. Hence, beta-adrenoceptor-expressing cells can be stained specifically with BODIPY-CGP, and beta-adrenoceptors on a single cell can be assessed by photon counting under the fluorescence microscope. Cells can also be scanned by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry.
A retinoic acid receptor β agonist (CD2019) overcomes inhibition of axonal outgrowth via phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the injured adult spinal cord (2009)

After spinal cord injury in the adult mammal, axons do not normally regrow and this commonly leads to paralysis. Retinoic acid (RA) can stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro of both the embryonic central and peripheral nervous system, via activation of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta2. We show here that regions of the adult CNS, including the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, express RARbeta2. We show that when cerebellar neurons are grown in the presence of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) which inhibits neurite outgrowth, RARbeta can be activated in a dose dependent manner by a RARbeta agonist (CD2019) and neurite outgrowth can occur via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. In a model of spinal cord injury CD2019 also acts through PI3K signalling to induce axonal outgrowth of descending corticospinal fibres and promote functional recovery. Our data suggest that RARbeta agonists may be of therapeutic potential for human spinal cord injuries.
Effectiveness of interactive multimedia module with pedagogical agent (IMMPA) in the learning of electrochemistry: A preliminary investigation (2011)

Electrochemistry is found to be a difficult topic to learn due to its abstract concepts that involve the macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic representation levels. Research showed that animation and simulation using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help students to visualize and hence enhance students' understanding in learning abstract chemistry topics. As a result, IMMPA named EC Lab was developed in order to assist students in the learning of the Electrochemistry topic. A preliminary investigation was carried out in a secondary school involving 35 students to test on the usability of the module developed. Instruments involved were pretest, post-test and a motivation questionnaire. Results showed that the students have higher scores on their post-test as well as gained higher motivation level after learning with the EC Lab.
Geometric Convolutional Neural Network for Analyzing Surface-Based Neuroimaging Data (2017)

The conventional CNN, widely used for two-dimensional images, however, is not directly applicable to non-regular geometric surface, such as a cortical thickness. We propose Geometric CNN (gCNN) that deals with data representation over a spherical surface and renders pattern recognition in a multi-shell mesh structure. The classification accuracy for sex was significantly higher than that of SVM and image based CNN. It only uses MRI thickness data to classify gender but this method can expand to classify disease from other MRI or fMRI data
Slow release of soluble TNF receptors by monocytes in vitro. (1994)

In this study, we investigated the release of soluble(s) TNF-R by PBMC in vitro. T cell activation by mAb anti-CD3, as well as activation with phorbol esters (PMA), enhanced the release of both sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 by PBMC. In contrast to shedding of TNF-R by neutrophils upon activation, release of sTNF-R by PBMC proved to be a relatively slow process, reaching a plateau after 2 days of culture. Monocytes appeared to be the main source of the released sTNF-R, whereas activation of purified T cells induced only a minor release of sTNF-R as compared with the whole cell population. To unravel the mechanism, a number of cytokines were added during a 2-day culture of cells. IL-10 enhanced sTNF-R levels with similar kinetics as mAb anti-CD3 and PMA, whereas the other cytokines tested did not affect the release of sTNF-R by PBMC, pure T lymphocytes, or purified monocytes, either activated or not. Conversely, inhibitors of cytokines were added during the activation period to study the effect of endogenously produced cytokines on sTNF-R release. mAb anti-IL-10 and IL-1ra partly sTNF-R release, whereas other inhibitors did not affect the release. The results obtained in vitro may extend our insight in the mechanism via which sTNF-R are enhanced in vivo during inflammatory reactions.
Iterative rotation scheme for robust dynamical decoupling (2012)

The loss of quantum information due to interactions with external degrees of freedom, which is known as decoherence, remains one of the main obstacles for large-scale implementations of quantum computing. Accordingly, different measures are being explored for reducing its effect. One of them is dynamical decoupling (DD) which offers a practical solution because it only requires the application of control pulses to the system qubits. Starting from basic DD sequences, more sophisticated schemes were developed that eliminate higher-order terms of the system-environment interaction and are also more robust against experimental imperfections. A particularly successful scheme, called concatenated DD (CDD), gives a recipe for generating higher-order sequences by inserting lower-order sequences into the delays of a generating sequence. Here, we show how this scheme can be improved further by converting some of the pulses to virtual (and thus ideal) pulses. The resulting scheme, called ${(XY4)}^{n}$, results in lower power deposition and is more robust against pulse imperfections than the original CDD scheme.
Road Trafﬁc Anomaly Detection via Collaborative Path Inference from GPS Snippets (2017)

Road trafﬁc anomaly denotes a road segment that is anomalous in terms of trafﬁc ﬂow of vehicles. Detecting road trafﬁc anomalies from GPS (Global Position System) snippets data is becoming critical in urban computing since they often suggest underlying events. However, the noisy ands parse nature of GPS snippets data have ushered multiple problems, which have prompted the detection of road trafﬁc anomalies to be very challenging. To address these issues, we propose a two-stage solution which consists of two components: a Collaborative Path Inference (CPI) model and a Road Anomaly Test (RAT) model. CPI model performs path inference incorporating both static and dynamic features into a Conditional Random Field (CRF). Dynamic context features are learned collaboratively from large GPS snippets via a tensor decomposition technique. Then RAT calculates the anomalous degree for each road segment from the inferred ﬁne-grained trajectories in given time intervals. We evaluated our method using a large scale real world dataset, which includes one-month GPS location data from more than eight thousand taxi cabs in Beijing. The evaluation results show the advantages of our method beyond other baseline techniques.
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by BI-1356, a new drug for the treatment of beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes (2009)

BI 1356, a xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, has reached Phase III trials. The compound efficiently inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) in vitro and in vivo. In vivo GLP-1 levels increase to levels at or above the levels of other DPP-4 inhibitors. Preclinical trials suggest a once-daily administration of 5 mg to be efficient, long-lasting and without known side effects.
Pilot Variability During Pilot-Induced Oscillation (1999)

Pilot Induced Oscillations (PIO) are described as pilot-aircraft dynamic couplings which can lead to instability in an otherwise stable system. Previous and ongoing research has attempted to explain, predict, and avoid such oscillations. In contrast to other research, this effort backs away from pilot models and PIO avoidance and focuses on the characteristics of the pilot before, during, and after a PIO. Often, PIO’s can be explained by limit cycles occurring in a non-linear system where the non-linearities cause a sustained, constant amplitude oscillation. The primary instigators in such a PIO are usually a non-linear element (i.e. rate limit saturation) and a trigger event (i.e. pilot mode switching or increased pilot gain). By performing analysis in the frequency domain, determining such oscillations becomes easier. Using spectrograms and power spectral density functions, the frequency content of a signal in the pilot-aircraft system can also be investigated. An F-14 flight test was recently performed where the hydraulic system was modified to determine the feasibility of trying to recover the aircraft (land on carrier) during such an extreme hydraulic failure. During testing, a severe PIO occurred because of the tight tracking task used during aerial refueling. While performing spectrograms and power spectral analysis, an
Intestinal mucosal atrophy and adaptation (2012)

Mucosal adaptation is an essential process in gut homeostasis. The intestinal mucosa adapts to a range of pathological conditions including starvation, short-gut syndrome, obesity, and bariatric surgery. Broadly, these adaptive functions can be grouped into proliferation and differentiation. These are influenced by diverse interactions with hormonal, immune, dietary, nervous, and mechanical stimuli. It seems likely that clinical outcomes can be improved by manipulating the physiology of adaptation. This review will summarize current understanding of the basic science surrounding adaptation, delineate the wide range of potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and discuss how these might be incorporated into an overall treatment plan. Deeper insight into the physiologic basis of adaptation will identify further targets for intervention to improve clinical outcomes.
Characterization of <i>In Vitro</i> Endothelial Linings Grown Within Microfluidic Channels (2011)

In vivo, endothelial cells grow on the inner surface of blood vessels and are shaped to conform to the vessel's geometry. In the smallest vessels this shape entails substantial bending within each cell. Microfabricated channels can replicate these small-scale geometries, but endothelial cells grown within them have not been fully characterized. In particular, the presence of focal adhesions and adherens junctions in endothelial cells grown in microchannels with corners has not been confirmed. We have fabricated square microfluidic channels (50 μm wide, 50 μm deep) and semicircular microfluidic channels (60 μm wide, 45 μm deep) in polydimethylsiloxane and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) within them. Immunofluorescent staining and three-dimensional reconstruction of image stacks taken with confocal microscopy confirmed that HUVEC are capable of forming adherens junctions on all channel walls in both channel geometries, including the sidewalls of square profile channels. The presence of shear stress is critical for the cells to form focal adhesions within both channel geometries. Shear stress is also responsible for the conforming of HUVEC to the channel walls and produces a square cross-sectional geometry of in vitro endothelial linings within square profile channels. Thus, geometry and applied shear stress are important design criteria for the development of in vitro endothelial linings of microvessels.
Fuzzy decision trees by fuzzy ID3 algorithm and its application to diagnosis systems (1994)

A popular and particularly efficient method for making a decision tree for classification from symbolic data is ID3 algorithm. Revised algorithms for numerical data have been proposed, some of which divide a numerical range into several intervals or fuzzy intervals. Their decision trees, however, are not easy to understand. We propose a new version of ID3 algorithm to generate an understandable fuzzy decision tree using fuzzy sets defined by a user. We apply it to diagnosis for potential transformers by analyzing gas in oil.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Information Retrieval based on Temporal Attributes in WWW Archives (2005)

Today, WWW is a media needed for us. Therefore, WWW should be archived and it should be also allowed to retrieve anytime. In such a digital archive, temporal information retrieval is very important. Temporal information retrieval is a kind of information retrieval based on temporal attributes of a document. In order to realize temporal information retrieval, we need the huge storage in which all of documents from past to future are stored. This is very difficult for a conventional centralized system. But, it is possible for a distributed system. In this paper, we propose temporal information retrieval based on distributed search engine.
Genomic analysis reveals Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis as stable element in traditional sourdoughs (2011)

Sourdough has played a significant role in human nutrition and culture for thousands of years and is still of eminent importance for human diet and the bakery industry. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis is the predominant key bacterium in traditionally fermented sourdoughs.The genome of L. sanfranciscensis TMW 1.1304 isolated from an industrial sourdough fermentation was sequenced with a combined Sanger/454-pyrosequencing approach followed by gap closing by walking on fosmids. The sequencing data revealed a circular chromosomal sequence of 1,298,316 bp and two additional plasmids, pLS1 and pLS2, with sizes of 58,739 bp and 18,715 bp, which are predicted to encode 1,437, 63 and 19 orfs, respectively. The overall GC content of the chromosome is 34.71%. Several specific features appear to contribute to the ability of L. sanfranciscensis to outcompete other bacteria in the fermentation. L. sanfranciscensis contains the smallest genome within the lactobacilli and the highest density of ribosomal RNA operons per Mbp genome among all known genomes of free-living bacteria, which is important for the rapid growth characteristics of the organism. A high frequency of gene inactivation and elimination indicates a process of reductive evolution. The biosynthetic capacity for amino acids scarcely availably in cereals and exopolysaccharides reveal the molecular basis for an autochtonous sourdough organism with potential for further exploitation in functional foods. The presence of two CRISPR/cas loci versus a high number of transposable elements suggests recalcitrance to gene intrusion and high intrinsic genome plasticity.
More efficient channel electron multiplier by coating of the cone with a high secondary electron yield material (1981)

The efficiency of channel electron multipliers (CEM) falls drastically at energies of the incident electrons greater than a few KeV. For conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) the conversion electron energies are far greater than a few KeV, and the CEM efficiency at 7 KeV, for example, is about 10% determined in our laboratory. The efficiency can be improved by increasing the secondary electron yield of the detector cone. To find a coating material, a study of relative secondary electron yields was carried out using a scanning microscope. The results of the study indicate that the detector efficiency should improve by more than a factor of 3 when the cone is coated with MgO. Experimentally, the efficiency of the coated detector is in fact more than 3 times that of the uncoated detector.