gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Antenna Interference Cancellation and Detection for Two Users Using Precoders (2009)

We consider interference cancellation for a system with two users when users know each other channels. The goal is to utilize multiple antennas to cancel the interference without sacrificing the diversity or the complexity of the system. Before, in the literature, it was shown how a receiver with two receive antennas can completely cancel the interference of two users and provide a diversity of 2 for users with two transmit antennas. We propose a system to achieve the maximum possible diversity of 4 with low complexity. Then, we extend the results to two-user systems with any number of transmit and receive antennas. Our main idea is to design precoders, using the channel information, to make it possible for different users to transmit over orthogonal spaces. Then, using the orthogonality of the transmitted signals, the receiver can separate them and decode the signals independently. We analytically prove that the system provides full diversity to both users. In addition, we provide simulation results that confirm our analytical proof.
A New Method of Matrix Spectral Factorization (2009)

A new method of matrix spectral factorization is proposed which reliably computes an approximate spectral factor of any matrix spectral density that admits spectral factorization
Electrical and material quality of Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si p-N heterojunctions produced by limited reaction processing (1989)

Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si p-N heterojunctions prepared by a chemical vapor deposition technique, limited reaction processing (LRP) were characterized using DC electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray topography. Heterojunctions with Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layer thickness ranging from 52 to 295 nm and a constant Ge fraction of 23% were fabricated to study the effect of increasing the number of misfit dislocations on the device characteristics. Devices with the thinnest layers (<or=120 nm) display forward characteristics with ideality factors of 1.01 and reverse leakage current densities of less than 4 nA/cm for a 5-V reverse bias. These thin-layer devices have dislocation spacings greater than 10 mu m. Devices utilizing Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers thicker than 200 nm have forward characteristics which clearly display the presence of recombination currents, and reverse leakage current densities greater than 290 nA/cm/sup 2/ at -5 V. The dislocation spacing in these devices is less than 1 mu m. Ideal characteristics were found at room temperature in devices known to contain dislocations.<<ETX>>
Vaccination with genetically engineered allergens prevents progression of allergic disease (2004)

IgE-mediated allergy affects >25% of the population in industrialized countries. Repeated contact with the disease-eliciting allergens induces rises of allergen-specific IgE Abs and progression of the disease to more severe manifestations. Our study uses a type of vaccine that is based on genetically modified allergen derivatives to treat allergic patients. We developed hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, by genetic engineering and vaccinated birch pollen-allergic patients (n = 124) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Active treatment induced protective IgG Abs that inhibited allergen-induced release of inflammatory mediators. We also observed a reduction of cutaneous sensitivity as well as an improvement of symptoms in actively treated patients. Most important, rises of allergen-specific IgE induced by seasonal birch pollen exposure were significantly reduced in vaccinated patients. Vaccination with genetically engineered allergen derivatives is a therapy for allergy that not only ameliorates allergic reactions but also reduces the IgE production underlying the disease.
Analysis of Beryllium in Samples by Optical Fluorescence: Method Adaptation for Field and High Throughput (HT) Analysis - 11467 (2011)

Traditionally, beryllium analysis of wipe, air and bulk samples has been conducted by laboratories using highly trained personnel and expensive capital equipment. In addition, such methods are labor intensive, particularly the steps involving sample preparation. Recently a new method to determine beryllium using optical fluorescence, which can be used in the field, has been introduced. This new method uses low-cost instrumentation and set up, is simple to use, and is non-destructible, as only a small fraction of the dissolved sample is analyzed. The new method has been used for wipes, air samples, and bulk samples such as soils, rocks, sediments and fly ash. Test methods based on this technology have been approved by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM). Laboratories can also be accredited by American Industrial Hygienists’ Association (AIHA). The new method meets the analytical requirements to satisfy the Department of Energy requirements and also the proposed regulations by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This method is particularly beneficial for field use where the results can be obtained within two hours, allowing a more efficient use of equipment and manpower. More recently, an automated system, which uses a 96 micro-well plate to analyze the wipe and air samples, has been introduced. The samples for analysis are prepared automatically and the samples are analyzed in a plate reader. This method results in a tremendous increase in productivity, and the plate with 96 samples is read in less than three minutes, where the conventional methods may take six to ten hours to analyze similar numbers of samples. The new method is particularly suitable for facilities that annually analyze in excess of 20,000 samples. The high throughput method meets the goals of increased productivity, while also meeting the standard analytical method guidelines and the detection sensitivity requirements to meet the Department of Energy and other regulations.
Voltage calibration of smart temperature sensors (2008)

Smart temperature sensors generally need to be trimmed to obtain inaccuracies below plusmn2degC. The associated calibration procedure is time consuming and therefore costly. This paper presents two voltage calibration techniques that are much faster than conventional temperature techniques. Both make use of the fact that a voltage proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) can be accurately generated on chip. By measuring this voltage, the sensorpsilas actual temperature can be determined, whereupon the sensor can be trimmed to correct for its dominant source of error: spread in the on-chip voltage reference. The first calibration technique consists of measuring the (small) PTAT voltage directly, while the second, more robust alternative does so indirectly, by using an external reference voltage and the on-chip ADC. Experimental results from a prototype fabricated in 0.7 mum CMOS technology show that after calibration and trimming, these two techniques result in 3sigma inaccuracies of plusmn0.15degC and plusmn0.25degC, respectively.
A Novel Mass Spectrometry–Based Assay for the Accurate Measurement of Thyroglobulin from Patient Samples Containing Antithyroglobulin Autoantibodies (2012)

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer in the United States. The primary treatment of thyroid cancer is partial or complete thyroidectomy in patients in whom the cancer is discovered preoperatively, and is often followed by radioactive iodine ablation. After the initial therapy, patients are followed up regularly, most commonly by measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and high-resolution neck ultrasound. As Tg is only produced within the thyroid gland, it has long been recognized as an excellent biomarker for the presence of residual disease after treatment. A number of immunoassays are in common use to measure serum Tg levels. Unfortunately, irrespective of which method is chosen, there is a major potential artifact, in that the presence of autoantibodies binding to Tg (ATG) may bias the results to the point where they are clinically unreliable. This article describes a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the measurement of serum Tg after tryptic digestion of serum samples. The method is compared to Tg analyses using both a Food and Drug Administration-approved immunometric assay (IMA) and a well-respected, clinically used radioimmunoassay. In the absence of ATG, the new LC-MS/MS assay demonstrates equivalency compared to the IMA. However, in ATG-positive patients, the IMA Tg results are lower than the LC-MS/MS assay and the radioimmunoassay Tg results are typically higher. These studies demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the measurement of Tg by LC-MS/MS. This assay will permit the accurate determination of Tg levels even in patients with ATG.
Enantioselective Syntheses of Heteroyohimbine Natural Products: A Unified Approach through Cooperative Catalysis (2015)

Alstonine and serpentine are pentacyclic indoloquinolizidine alkaloids (referred to as "anhydronium bases") containing three contiguous stereocenters. Each possesses interesting biological activity, with alstonine being the major component of a plant-based remedy to treat psychosis and other nervous system disorders. This work describes the enantioselective total syntheses of these natural products with a cooperative hydrogen bonding/enamine-catalyzed Michael addition as the key step.
Application of VCSEL arrays to micro-manipulation of small objects and biological cells (2001)

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays are used to drive optical micro beams to transport inorganic and organic objects. This VCSEL tweezers method provides a more compact optical setup and allows manipulation of objects in an array.
Chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide thin films on titanium carbide, using 1,3 disilacyclobutane (1993)

Silicon carbide (SiC) thin films were deposited on titanium carbide (TiC) substrates by pyrolysis of 1,3 disilacyclobutane (C2H8Si2), at atmospheric pressure, in an inverted-vertical cold-wall chemical vapor deposition reactor. The growth rate, morphology, and crystallinity of the films were studied, at constant C2H8Si2 flow rate, as a function of substrate temperature (810 °C≤Ts≤1285 °C). The growth rate increased with increasing Ts. Film morphologies were dependent on Ts and slight differences in TiC substrate orientation at Ts≥1015 °C. A smooth, soft as-grown morphology was obtained at 810 °C. Hard, rough as-grown surfaces were obtained at Ts≥1066 °C. Films grown at Ts ≥1066 °C contained a SiC primary phase and a Si-rich second phase. Epitaxial growth of β-SiC was obtained only at 1210 °C.
Purlieus (2011)

We present Purlieus, a MapReduce resource allocation system aimed at enhancing the performance of MapReduce jobs in the cloud. Purlieus provisions virtual MapReduce clusters in a locality-aware manner enabling MapReduce virtual machines (VMs) access to input data and importantly, intermediate data from local or close-by physical machines. We demonstrate how this locality-awareness during both map and reduce phases of the job not only improves runtime performance of individual jobs but also has an additional advantage of reducing network traffic generated in the cloud data center. This is accomplished using a novel coupling of, otherwise independent, data and VM placement steps. We conduct a detailed evaluation of Purlieus and demonstrate significant savings in network traffic and almost 50% reduction in job execution times for a variety of workloads.
Discovering Systematic Relations between Alarms for Alarm Flows Reduction (2019)

Alarm systems play an important role for the safe and efficient operation of modern industrial plants. However, in most of industrial alarm systems, alarm flows cannot always be correctly managed by the operators as they often turn into alarm floods, sequences of numerous alarms occurring in a short period of time. To reduce the alarm flows, this paper focuses on detection of redundant alarms that could be removed. This objective is met by, first, looking for two systematic causality relations between alarms, called domination and mutual dependency, in the alarm log. Once these relations discovered, alarms removal requires an expert analysis. To ease this analysis, the discovered relations are depicted in the form of Petri nets. The proposed method has been applied on a dataset coming from power industry and provided by General Electric. The results of this case study show the benefits of the approach.
Accurate and Efficient Simulation of Multiphase Flow in a Heterogeneous Reservoir With Error Estimate and Control in the Multiscale Finite-Volume Framework (2012)

Summary The multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) method is designed to reduce the computational cost of elliptic and parabolic problems with highly heterogeneous anisotropic coefficients. The reduction is achieved by splitting the original global problem into a set of local problems (with approximate local boundary conditions) coupled by a coarse global problem. It has been shown recently that the numerical errors in MSFV results can be reduced systematically with an iterative procedure that provides a conservative velocity field after any iteration step. The iterative MSFV (i-MSFV) method can be derived with an improved (smoothed) multiscale solution to enhance the localization conditions, with a Krylov subspace method [e.g., the generalized-minimal-residual (GMRES) algorithm] preconditioned by the MSFV system, or with a combination of both. In a multiphase-flow system, a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency should be achieved by finding a minimum number of i-MSFV iterations (on pressure), which is necessary to achieve the desired accuracy in the saturation solution. In this work, we extend the i-MSFV method to sequential implicit simulation of time-dependent problems. To control the error of the coupled saturation/pressure system, we analyze the transport error caused by an approximate velocity field. We then propose an error-control strategy on the basis of the residual of the pressure equation. At the beginning of simulation, the pressure solution is iterated until a specified accuracy is achieved. To minimize the number of iterations in a multiphase-flow problem, the solution at the previous timestep is used to improve the localization assumption at the current timestep. Additional iterations are used only when the residual becomes larger than a specified threshold value. Numerical results show that only a few iterations on average are necessary to improve the MSFV results significantly, even for very challenging problems. Therefore, the proposed adaptive strategy yields efficient and accurate simulation of multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media.
PlasMOStor: A Metal−Oxide−Si Field Effect Plasmonic Modulator (2009)

Realization of chip-based all-optical and optoelectronic computational networks will require ultracompact Si-compatible modulators, ideally comprising dimensions, materials, and functionality similar to electronic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) components. Here we demonstrate such a modulator, based on field-effect modulation of plasmon waveguide modes in a MOS geometry. Near-infrared transmission between an optical source and drain is controlled by a gate voltage that drives the MOS into accumulation. Using the gate oxide as an optical channel, electro-optic modulation is achieved in device volumes of half of a cubic wavelength with femtojoule switching energies and the potential for gigahertz modulation frequencies.
Converting bulk sugars into prebiotics: semi-rational design of a transglucosylase with controlled selectivity (2016)

Despite the growing importance of prebiotics in nutrition and gastroenterology, their structural variety is currently still very limited. The lack of straightforward procedures to gain new products in sufficient amounts often hampers application testing and further development. Although the enzyme sucrose phosphorylase can be used to produce the rare disaccharide kojibiose (α-1,2-glucobiose) from the bulk sugars sucrose and glucose, the target compound is only a side product that is difficult to isolate. Accordingly, for this biocatalyst to become economically attractive, the formation of other glucobioses should be avoided and therefore we applied semi-rational mutagenesis and low-throughput screening, which resulted in a double mutant (L341I_Q345S) with a selectivity of 95% for kojibiose. That way, an efficient and scalable production process with a yield of 74% could be established, and with a simple yeast treatment and crystallization step over a hundred grams of highly pure kojibiose (>99.5%) was obtained.
Capacitive Matrix converters (2008)

This paper describes three ideal topologies of switched-capacitor converters, taking into account integration considerations and multiple DC voltage ratios. First, the ideal continuous capacitor idea is described, and then a Matrix of Capacitors configuration is proposed. This configuration is based on rectangular matrices of capacitors charging and discharging in transposed configuration for achieving the input/output DC voltage ratio. The third topology is The General Transposed Series-Parallel configuration. This is a modification with a discrete number of capacitors. The configuration is based on parallel brunches of series capacitors in the charging state and series elements of parallel capacitors in the discharging state. This topology is suitable for fine tuning in the DC voltage ratios. The Matrix and the Transposed Series-Parallel topologies are compared for an input/output ratio of 1.1. In the later topology, fewer components are required for the assumed ratio. Simulation is performed for 3 elements in the Transposed Series-Parallel topology, where each element consists of two dual identical capacitors for the elimination of external large capacitors.
Potential of Integrating Solar Energy into Systems of Thermal Power Generation, Cooling-Refrigeration, Hydrogen Production, and Carbon Capture (2023)

Abstract Global warming due to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere has directed global attention toward the adaptation of renewable energies and the use of renewable energy resources, like solar energy. Solar energy utilization could contribute to clean energy production, which is continuously needed due to increased population and industrialization. Recent increasing anxieties over energy sustainability and the preservation of the falling global ecosystem have renewed the expedition for extra efficient and economical processes for the utilization of renewable energy. Various approaches have been developed for the effective utilization of solar energy in different fields, which are highlighted in this work. In power generation, solar energy is utilized in preheating the air upstream of the combustion chamber in gas turbines and in waste heat recovery for combined-cogeneration cycles. It can also be used in Rankine cycles of thermal power plants utilizing low critical temperature gases such as CO2. In cooling and refrigeration systems, solar energy is utilized in reboilers, absorption, and mechanical cooling systems. Solar energy can also be utilized to produce clean fuels such as H2 production either from water splitting or from light and heavy fuels via fuel reforming and membrane separation. In addition, solar systems can be integrated to carbon capture applications in each of its three technologies of precombustion, oxyfuel combustion, and post-combustion. Integration of solar energy in these processes is reviewed comprehensively in this work. Thus, the solar energy in power generation, cooling-refrigeration, hydrogen production-storage, and carbon capture technologies are analyzed and evaluated.
mPub: A mobile presence aggregation framework (2010)

Presence systems are widely used today to get information of user availability and their willingness to communicate. As presence and Unified Communications (UC) services are viewed as productivity enhancements within enterprises, the need to connect these services across enterprise WANs and MANs becomes more important. Adding to the availability to communicate is the growing use of mobile devices in the workforce. This paper investigates a protocol that can be efficiently supported across mobile networks and between domains of enterprises. Specifically, we propose a compact presence vocabulary that uses HTTP and SMS protocols to publish to a presence server in the network. The proposed architecture extends the current standardization efforts in OMA PAL working group for non-SIP enabled mobiles. We present a reference implementation of the middleware server and the mobile publisher and show by experiments that our compact protocol is bandwidth (38% to 89%) and energy efficient.
Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskite Solar Cells with 12.5 % Efficiency and 2000 Hours Stability in Light and Humidity (2016)

Three-dimensional organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising thin-film solar cell materials due to their remarkable photophysical properties that have led to power conversion efficiencies exceeding 22%, with the prospect of further improvements towards Shockley-Queisser limit for a single‐junction solar cell (~33.5%). Alongside efficiency, a critical factor for photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications is environmental and photostability under operating conditions. In contrast to their 3D counterparts, Ruddlesden-Popper phases, layered two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films, have shown promising stability, but poor efficiency at only 4.73%. This is attributed to the inhibition of out-of-plane charge transport by organic cations, which act like insulating spacing layers between the conducting inorganic components. Here we overcome this fundamental issue in layered perovskites by producing near single-crystalline quality thin-films with a strongly preferential out-of-plane alignment of the inorganic perovskite component to facilitate efficient charge transport. We report a photovoltaic efficiency of 12.5 % with no hysteresis, and devices that exhibit greatly improved stability in comparison to their 3D counterparts when subjected to aggressive stress tests of light, humidity and heat. Unencapsulated 2D perovskite devices retain over 70% of their efficiency for over 2000 hours under constant 1 Sun illumination, and exhibit greater tolerance to 65% relative humidity than 3D equivalents. When the devices are encapsulated, the layered devices do not show any degradation under constant 1 Sun illumination or humidity.
Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced magneto-optical activity in core-shell Fe–Ag nanoparticles (2010)

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are suitable platforms for miniaturized biosensing based on their optical and magneto-optical properties. It is possible to enhance the sensitivity of specific kinds of NPs by exploiting their optical and magneto-optical properties under suitable external magnetic field modulation. Here, the magneto-optical properties of Fe–Ag core-shell ferromagnet-noble metal NPs have been investigated as a function of the incident light frequency. For Fe–Ag NPs with a concentration ratio around 25:75, an optical absorption band centered at 3 eV due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation is observed. A strong enhancement of the Faraday rotation is also observed, greatly exceeding the value estimated for pure Fe NPs, also associated with the LSPR excitation. Our findings open up the possibility of highly sensitive miniaturized magneto-optically modulated biosensing.
Towards Linear Interferometric Intensity Modulator for Photonic ADCs Using an Injection Locked AlInGaAs Quantum Well Fabry-Pérot Laser (2012)

A monolithic AlInGaAs quantum well Fabry-Pérot laser injection locked to a passively mode-locked monolithic laser is presented here. The FP laser cavity can be used as a true linear interferometric intensity modulator for pulsed light.
An Overview of the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (EMFC) Electron Beam Power Density Distribution Diagnostic (2011)

Abstract not provided