gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of cell motility-based sickle cell disease diagnostic system in shearing digital holographic microscopy (2020)

Abstract We overview a previously reported low-cost, compact, and 3D-printed shearing interferometer system for automated diagnosis of sickle cell disease based on red blood cell (RBC) bio-physical parameters and membrane fluctuations measured via digital holographic microscopy. The portable quantitative phase microscope is used to distinguish between healthy RBCs and those affected by sickle cell disease. Video holograms of RBCs are recorded, then each video hologram frame is computationally reconstructed to retrieve the time-varying phase profile of the cell distribution under study. The dynamic behavior of the cells is captured by creating a spatio-temporal data cube from which features regarding membrane fluctuations are extracted. Furthermore, the Optical Flow algorithm was used to capture lateral motility information of the cells. The motility-based features are combined with physical, morphology-based cell features and inputted into a random forest classifier which outputs the health state of the cell. Classification is performed with high accuracy at both the cell level and patient level.
39.3: Wide‐View Transflective LCD Using Fringe‐Field Switching Mode (2008)

Abstract A high optical efficiency and wide‐view transflective LCD for mobile displays based on fringing field switching is proposed. The transmissive part uses homogenous alignment while the reflective part uses hybrid alignment with different optic axis orientation. In addition, the transmissive and reflective parts exhibit a similar gamma curve.
Variability and accuracy of measurements of prostate brachytherapy seed position <i>in vitro</i> using three‐dimensional ultrasound: An intra‐ and inter‐observer study (2000)

This paper is a step in investigating whether three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound can be used intraoperatively to replace Computed Tomography (CT) for localization of brachytherapy seeds. In order to quantify the accuracy and variability of seed localization without introducing effects due to tissues, we first report our results with test phantoms. An inter- and intra-observer study was performed to assess the variability of 2 3D ultrasound scan acquisition methods: Tilt 3D scanning and pull-back 3D scanning. Seven observers measured the positions of gold seed markers in an agar phantom twice in each of the three orthogonal image planes. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the intra- and inter-observer standard errors of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable changes in marker position (deltap). Average intra- and inter-observer SEMs for the tilt scan 3D image were 0.36 and 0.40 mm, respectively. Measurements of the pull-back scan 3D image yielded average intra- and inter-observer SEM of 0.46 and 0.49 mm, respectively. A paired difference analysis showed that the lower SEM for the tilt 3D scan image were statistically significant at a significance level of alpha= 0.05. The accuracy of the US measurements was tested by determining marker coordinates from CT images of the phantom in a stereotactic head frame. CT coordinates were matched to the ultrasound (US) coordinates by means of an affine transform. Average matching errors in x, y, and z were 0.02, 0.10, and -0.02 mm, respectively.
Durability of LDPE Nanocomposites with Clay, Silica, and Zinc Oxide—Part I: Mechanical Properties of the Nanocomposite Materials (2013)

Three types of LDPE‐based nanocomposites with montmorillonite clay, silica, and zinc oxide were prepared by melt blending the nanofiller with the resin. As a prelude to studying their durability, the extent of reinforcement of the LDPE matrix by the nanofillers was investigated using mechanical, thermal, and microscopic studies of the composites. No significant chemical modification of the polyethylene matrix was observed as a result of the processing of the composite compound. While reinforcement was obtained in all cases, the efficiency of reinforcement appears to be qualitatively influenced by surface functionalization, filler interactions, and the extent of dispersion of the filler in the matrix as well as the specific surface area of the nanoparticle fillers.
Intracavity quantum-well photodetection of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2002)

We demonstrate the first intracavity InGaAs quantum-well photodetector within a VCSEL laser diode. Effective responsivity is as high as 0.23 A/W; dark current is less than 1 nA, limited by our noise floor. In this work, we present experimental results of the first VCSEL with an intracavity quantum-well photodetector. The quantum well with its embedded position prevents stray light from interfering with the power detection and monitoring while its thin active region minimizes the dark current.
Apparatus and method for locating an interventional medical device with an ultrasonic color imaging system (1995)

First Page
The Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic Phosphonamides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionThe Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic PhosphonamidesKevin T. Sprott and Paul R. HansonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 6, 2186Publication Date (Web):February 27, 2001Publication History Published online27 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo004043+Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (14 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Finger-vein authentication based on deformation-tolerant feature-point matching (2016)

A novel method for finger-vein authentication based on feature-point matching is proposed and evaluated. A finger-vein image captured by infrared light contains artifacts such as irregular shading and vein posture deformation that can degrade accuracy of finger-vein authentication. Therefore, a method is proposed for extracting features from vein patterns and for matching feature points that is robust against irregular shading and vein deformation. In the proposed method, curvature of image-intensity profiles is used for feature point extraction because such image profiles are a robust feature against irregular shading. To increase the number of feature points, these points are extracted from any positions where vein shape is non-linear. Moreover, a finger-shape model and non-rigid registration method are proposed. Both the model and the registration method correct a deformation caused by the finger-posture change. It is experimentally shown that the proposed method achieves more robust matching than conventional methods. Furthermore, experiments on finger-vein identification show that the proposed method provides higher identification accuracy than conventional methods.
A Soybean G2 Glycinin Allergen (2000)

Each of the subunits from glycinin, the storage protein that is the most prevalent component of soybean, are major allergens.
Fundamental Limits of Wireless Caching under Uneven-Capacity Channels (2019)

This work identifies the fundamental limits of cache-aided coded multicasting in the presence of the well-known `worst-user' bottleneck. This stems from the presence of receiving users with uneven channel capacities, which often forces the rate of transmission of each multicasting message to be reduced to that of the slowest user. This bottleneck, which can be detrimental in general wireless broadcast settings, motivates the analysis of coded caching over a standard Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) Broadcast Channel (BC) with K cache-aided receivers, each with a generally different channel capacity. For this setting, we design a communication algorithm that is based on superposition coding that capitalizes on the realization that the user with the worst channel may not be the real bottleneck of communication. We then proceed to provide a converse that shows the algorithm to be near optimal, identifying the fundamental limits of this setting within a multiplicative factor of 4. Interestingly, the result reveals that, even if several users are experiencing channels with reduced capacity, the system can achieve the same optimal delivery time that would be achievable if all users enjoyed maximal capacity.
Cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis E virus and discovery of an infectious virus–host recombinant (2011)

The RNA virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most or second-most important cause of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In these regions it is an important cause of acute liver failure, especially in pregnant women who have a mortality rate of 20-30%. Until recently, hepatitis E was rarely identified in industrialized countries, but Hepatitis E now is reported increasingly throughout Western Europe, some Eastern European countries, and Japan. Most of these cases are caused by genotype 3, which is endemic in swine, and these cases are thought to be zoonotically acquired. However, transmission routes are not well understood. HEV that infect humans are divided into nonzoonotic (types 1, 2) and zoonotic (types 3, 4) genotypes. HEV cell culture is inefficient and limited, and thus far HEV has been cultured only in human cell lines. The HEV strain Kernow-C1 (genotype 3) isolated from a chronically infected patient was used to identify human, pig, and deer cell lines permissive for infection. Cross-species infections by genotypes 1 and 3 were studied with this set of cultures. Adaptation of the Kernow-C1 strain to growth in human hepatoma cells selected for a rare virus recombinant that contained an insertion of 174 ribonucleotides (58 amino acids) of a human ribosomal protein gene.
Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformers (2022)

Multi-frame depth estimation improves over single-frame approaches by also leveraging geometric relationships between images via feature matching, in addition to learning appearance-based features. In this paper we revisit feature matching for self-supervised monocular depth estimation, and propose a novel transformer architecture for cost volume generation. We use depth-discretized epipolar sampling to select matching candidates, and refine predictions through a series of self- and cross-attention layers. These layers sharpen the matching probability between pixel features, improving over standard similarity metrics prone to ambiguities and local minima. The refined cost volume is decoded into depth estimates, and the whole pipeline is trained end-to-end from videos using only a photometric objective. Experiments on the KITTI and DDAD datasets show that our DepthFormer architecture establishes a new state of the art in self-supervised monocular depth estimation, and is even competitive with highly specialized supervised single-frame architectures. We also show that our learned cross-attention network yields representations transferable across datasets, increasing the effectiveness of pre-training strategies. Project page: https://sites.google.com/tri.global/depthformer
Deficits in Synaptic Transmission and Learning in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Transgenic Mice Require C-Terminal Cleavage of APP (2006)

Synaptic dysfunction has been shown to be one of the earliest correlates of disease progression in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) is thought to play an important role in disease-related synaptic dysfunction, but the mechanism by which Abeta leads to synaptic dysfunction is not understood. Here we describe evidence that cleavage of APP in the C terminus may be necessary for the deficits present in APP transgenic mice. In APP transgenic mice with a mutated cleavage site at amino acid 664, normal synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and learning were maintained despite the presence of elevated levels of APP, Abeta42, and even plaque accumulation. These results indicate that cleavage of APP may play a critical role in the development of synaptic and behavioral dysfunction in APP transgenic mice.
Use of asphaltene filler to improve low-density polyethylene properties (2018)

Asphaltene filled LDPE composite were prepared and characterized. The composites were studied to determine the reinforcement imparted by the asphaltene on the durability of LDPE polymer. The study showed that the composites have higher melting and crystalline behavior, delays the degradation induced by heat and acts as a thermal barrier limiting the emission of the gaseous degradation products, resulting in an increase in the thermal stability of the composites, higher tensile strength, have higher values of the storage and loss modulus. 5 wt% of asphaltenes added in the LDPE afforded the best dispersion in the polymeric matrix, larger crystallite size, enhanced thermal stability, highest relative degree of crystallinity and improved mechanical tensile or thermo-mechanical properties.
FAST TEXTURE-BASED TENSOR FIELD VISUALIZATION FOR DT-MRI (2007)

Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) provides useful connectivity information about neuronal tissue, but has several visualization challenges. The high dimensional nature of the data (a 3D volume image with a matrix at each voxel) requires some processing to visualize on conventional 2D display devices. In this paper we present a novel approach to visualizing the tensor-valued data. Our approach requires minimal preprocessing and can be implemented and run much faster than other existing texture-based approaches. This is accomplished by using a hybrid approach, which has similarities to existing glyph, particle and texture-based visualization techniques. The resulting image is formed by blending textured billboards which are rendered at the center of each voxel in the dataset. Color, texture orientation, texture frequency and animation are used to convey diffusion properties. Results are presented for a DT-MRI image of a human brain.
A Novel Circular SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) Device in CMOS (2007)

The design, modeling and fabrication of a novel circular SAW device in CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) are introduced. The results obtained by Tigli and Zaghloul (2007) demonstrate that it is possible to design and fabricate SAW based sensors in CMOS with comparable performance to conventional devices. It is of great interest to improve the transfer characteristics and to reduce the losses of conventional rectangular SAW architectures for obtaining highly selective sensor platforms. Performance deficiencies of regular SAW devices in CMOS were addressed with this new architecture for improved performance. A 3D model for the novel architecture was constructed. A detailed finite element analysis was carried out to examine the transient, harmonic and modal behavior of the new architecture under excitation. The devices were fabricated in 0.5 mum AMI technology and the post processing was carried out using the methods developed by Tigli and Zaghloul (2005). The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain highly oriented surface acoustic waves by using the novel circular architecture. A 17.4 dB insertion loss and a 10.8 MHz of 3dB bandwidth improvement were achieved when compared to a conventional rectangular device.
<title>Image formation and restoration using multi-element synthetic array processing</title> (2002)

Traditionally, the number of transmit and receive processing channels is equal to the number of transducers (N) in an ultrasound imaging system. Certain applications limit the number of processing channels such that there are fewer channels than transducer elements. For these cases, a subset of M adjacent transducers-a multi-element subarray-performs echo transmission and reception. The processing channels are multiplexed across the array as beams are acquired from each of K subarrays. Combination of all subarray apertures creates a multi-element synthetic aperture (MSA) that represents the response of the entire system. Appropriate 1D filtering is applied in the spatial domain to restore a response approximating that of full phased array imaging. Compared to full phased array (FPA) imaging, MSA imaging reduces the number of front-end processing channels by a factor of N/M. Three variations of the method were simulated for a 128-element array using 32-element subarrays. The effects of the signal bandwidth, subsampling rate, and filter length on the reconstructed 2D point-spread functions are shown. The method closely approximates the performance of FPA imaging with fewer processing channels.
The Relation of Conducting Polymer Actuator Material Properties to Performance (2004)

Materials used in many branches of engineering are of low molecular weight and not flexible. As we develop more sophisticated engineering devices one can look to nature for inspiration and advocate the use of high molecular weight flexible materials. Conducting polymer actuators will soon be used in applications where traditional low molecular weight actuator systems are incapable of mimicking the functionality provided by nature's muscle. To incorporate conducting polymer actuators into engineering systems it is of high importance to not only model and predict the behavior of these actuators but also understand the connection of material properties to performance. In this paper, the importance of fundamental actuation mechanisms and the fundamental material properties of conducting polymer muscles such as ionic diffusion rate, electrochemical operating window, strain to charge ratio, ratio of charge carried by positive versus negative ions, and salt draining are discussed and their effect on performance is demonstrated. The relevance of engineered geometry to the performance of conducting polymer muscles is also shown. Our understanding of what limits the performance of existing conducting polymers actuators provides directions for the improvement of the next generation of conducting polymer actuators.
Grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor lasers at 1310 and 1550 nm (2002)

Demonstration of a concept for a single-frequency, grating-outcoupled surface-emitting (GSE) semiconductor laser is reported at wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm with output powers exceeding 2 mW. First-order distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) gratings are used for feedback and a second-order grating provides surface emission. The device has a 6 x 10 micrometers outcoupling aperture that approximately matches the spot size of a single mode fiber. This architecture allows probe-testing at the wafer level similar to vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). These initial GSE lasers have demonstrated pulsed threshold currents of 42 mA at 1288 nm and 49 mA at 1552 nm with ~ 40 dB side-mode suppression ratios (SMSR).
Chemical or genetic Pin1 inhibition exerts potent anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancers with high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. A central common signaling mechanism in cancer is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is further regulated by the unique proline isomerase Pin1. Pin1 is prevalently overexpressed in human cancers including ~70% of HCC, and promotes tumorigenesis by activating multiple cancer-driving pathways. However, it was challenging to evaluate the significance of targeting Pin1 in cancer treatment until the recent identification of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a Pin1 inhibitor. Here we systematically investigate functions of Pin1 and its inhibitor ATRA in the development and treatment of HCC. Pin1 knockdown potently inhibited HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice. ATRA-induced Pin1 degradation inhibited the growth of HCC cells, although at a higher IC50 as compared with breast cancer cells, likely due to more active ATRA metabolism in liver cells. Indeed, inhibition of ATRA metabolism enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to ATRA. Moreover, slow-releasing ATRA potently and dose-dependently inhibited HCC growth in mice. Finally, chemical or genetic Pin1 ablation blocked multiple cancer-driving pathways simultaneously in HCC cells. Thus, targeting Pin1 offers a promising therapeutic approach to simultaneously stop multiple cancer-driving pathways in HCC.
OSNR Penalty of Self-Homodyne Coherent Detection in Spatial-Division-Multiplexing Systems (2014)

This letter presents a general model for the performance of spatial-division-multiplexing systems using self-homodyne detection. The model is applicable to single and dual polarization square M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, assuming arbitrary signal and pilot tone optical signal-to-noise ratios. Its validity is demonstrated using a seven-core multicore fiber link with quadrature phase shift keying and 16-QAM signals, comparing the performance of self-homodyne detection with intradyne detection.
Fourier domain optical coherence tomography –a new platform for measurement of standard and microstructured fibre dimensions (2006)

Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) is applied to measure the cross-section of optical fibres. For standard fibres the measurement of clad diameter with nanometre scale sensitivity, fibre tension, and coating dimensions and concentricity is demonstrated. An understanding of the complicated FDOCT patterns observed for microstructured fibres from which the hole diameter and pitch can be measured non-invasively, was developed. The technique therefore provides a platform for all measurements required when drawing standard and microstructured optical fibres.
Activity of Acyl Carrier Protein Isoforms in Reactions of Plant (1986)

Two forms of spinach acyl carrier protein (ACP-I and ACP-II) have recently been characterized and found to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner (JB Ohlrogge, TM Kuo, 1985 J Biol Chem 260: 8032). To examine possible different functions for these ACP isoforms, we have tested purified preparations of spinach leaf ACP-I and ACP-I1 and Escherichia coli ACP in several in vitro reactions of fatty acid metabolism. Total de novo fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase do not appear to discriminate between acyl carrier protein isoforms. In contrast, the Km of oleoyl-ACP thioesterase for oleoyl-ACP-II is 10fold higher than for oleoyl-ACP-I, whereas the Km of acyl-ACP glycerol3-phosphate acyl transferase is 5-fold higher for oleoyl-ACP-I than for oleoyl-ACP-II. A characterization of these reactions and a possible role for ACP isoforms in regulation of fatty acid metabolism in plants are described. Fatty acid synthesis in higher plant plastids requires the presence of acyl carrier protein. The growing acyl chain, during synthesis of C1 6 and C 18 fatty acids, is bound to ACP' via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. Recent studies of plant ACP have revealed the presence of at least two isoforms in barley