gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pillar structured thermal neutron detector (2008)

This work describes an innovative solid state device structure that leverages advanced semiconductor fabrication technology to produce an efficient device for thermal neutron detection which we have coined the ¿Pillar Detector¿. State-of-the-art thermal neutron detectors have shortcomings in simultaneously achieving high efficiency, low operating voltage while maintaining adequate fieldability performance. By using a three dimensional silicon PIN diode pillar array filled with isotopic <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> boron ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B), a high efficiency device is theoretically possible. Here we review the design considerations for going from a 2-D to 3-D device and discuss the materials trade-offs. The relationship between the geometrical features and efficiency within our 3-D device is investigated by Monte Carlo radiation transport method coupled with finite element drift-diffusion carrier transport simulations. To benchmark our simulations and validate the predicted efficiency scaling, experimental results of a prototype device are illustrated. The fabricated pillar structures reported in this work are composed of 2 ¿m diameter silicon pillars with a 2 ¿m spacing and pillar height of 12 ¿m. The pillar detector with a 12 ¿m height achieved a thermal neutron detection efficiency of 7.3% at a reverse bias of - 2 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Related Nucleotides as Selective Agonists and Antagonists at P2Y<sub>1</sub> Receptors (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Personal Navigation System for Indoor Applications (2003)

Navigation is usually associated with marine and aviation domains. Except for some lighthouses for orientation or landmarks near the coast, navigation instruments are essential because routes are virtual. Therefore, current position of ships and aircrafts must be drawn on the map. Land navigation is generally bound to the road infrastructure. Car navigation systems have been introduced to replace the use of road maps in order to assist the driver in the choise of the correct way...
Optimization strategy based on deep reinforcement learning for home energy management (2020)

With the development of a smart grid and smart home, massive amounts of data can be made available, providing the basis for algorithm training in artificial intelligence applications. These continuous improving conditions are expected to enable the home energy management system (HEMS) to cope with the increasing complexities and uncertainties in the enduser side of the power grid system. In this paper, a home energy management optimization strategy is proposed based on deep Q-learning (DQN) and double deep Q-learning (DDQN) to perform scheduling of home energy appliances. The applied algorithms are model-free and can help the customers reduce electricity consumption by taking a series of actions in response to a dynamic environment. In the test, the DDQN is more appropriate for minimizing the cost in a HEMS compared to DQN. In the process of method implementation, the generalization and reward setting of the algorithms are discussed and analyzed in detail. The results of this method are compared with those of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of applied data-driven methods is validated by using a real-world database combined with the household energy storage model.
Folding Behavior of a Foldable Prismatic Mast With Kresling Origami Pattern (2015)

The folding behavior of a prismatic mast based on Kresling origami pattern is studied in this paper. The mast consists of identical triangles with cyclic symmetry. Bar stresses and necessary external nodal loads of the mast during the motion are studied analytically. The results show that the mechanical behaviors are different when the initial height of the mast is different. Then the numerical analysis is used to prove the accuracy of the analytical results. The influence of the geometry and the number of sides of the polygon on the folding behavior of the basic segment is also investigated. The folding process of the mast with multistories was discussed. The effect of the imperfection based on the eigenvalue buckling modes on the folding behavior is also studied. It can be found that when the number of sides of the polygon is small, the imperfection in the axial direction affects the energy seriously by changing the folding sequence of the mast. When the number of sides of the polygon is larger, the imperfection in the horizontal plane has significant effect on the folding pattern, which leads to the sudden change of energy curve.
The Early Identification of Beginning Stuttering II (1992)

This article follows an earlier American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology publication (Gordon & Luper, 1992) in which six protocols used in the differential diagnosis of beginning stuttering were reviewed. This paper presents both advantages and limitations in the use of the previously reviewed protocols. One of the apparent problems in the selection and use of protocols is the clinician’s difficulty in categorical diagnostic decision-making and consequent concern about possible misdiagnosis. In addition, insufficient quantification of the various criteria used in the protocols and inadequate demonstration of their reliability and validity are further problems to be weighed by clinicians. Recommendations about the clinical use of differential diagnostic protocols are made and areas of future research are discussed. Potential advantages include the simplification of a complex task, the provision of initial guidance in the selection of an appropriate treatment strategy, and early intervention for those selected.
Lumbosacral Stenosis in Dogs (1980)

Fifteen dogs with stenosis of the lumbosacral portion of the spinal canal were treated by laminectomy, bilateral facetectomy, and foraminotomy. Concomitant disk extrusion, spondylosis, fracture, infection, neoplasia, hemivertebrae, and spinal bifida were not associated with the stenosis and attendant cauda equina compression. The predominant neurologic signs were intermittent hindlimb lameness and motor weakness; hindlimb muscle atrophy; presumed paresthesia with resultant dermatologic manifestations from self mutilation of the hindlimbs, tail, perineum, anal area, and genitalia; urinaryu or fecal incontinence, or both; and consistently elicitable pain on manipulation of the lumbosacral spine. Surgical decompression of the stenotic canal alleviated the clinical signs in all cases.
Web Forum Sentiment Analysis Based on Topics (2009)

As Web forum has become an enormous collection of highly valuable opinions and commentaries, more and more researchers express strong interests on it. However, most of them pay attention to the forum reviews rather than the posts themselves. In this paper we focus on recognizing the diversified opinions of different threads on the same topic from Chinese Web forums. First, we congregate the Web forum threads on the same topic into a cluster. In order to further distinguish different opinions for a topic, we propose a sentiment classification algorithm based on a probability word-list, which is constructed by us using a propagation method on the word graph with a seed set. Experimental results on a real data set show that our algorithm performs well with both high precision and efficiency, much better than traditional methods such as SVM and naive Bayes.
A novel transforming growth factor-β<sub>1</sub>responsive cytoplasmic frans-acting factor binds selectively to the 3′-untranslated region of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase R2 mRNA: role in message stability (1993)

Ribonucleotide reductase is a highly regulated enzyme that provides the four deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis. Our studies showed that TGF-beta 1 treatment of BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts markedly elevated ribonucleotide reductase R2 mRNA levels, and also increased the half-life of R2 message by 4-fold from 1.5 h in untreated cells to 6 h in treated cells. We describe a novel 75 Kd sequence-specific cytoplasmic factor (p75) that binds selectively to a 83-nucleotide 3'-untranslated region of R2 mRNA and did not bind to the 5'UTR, the coding region of the R2 message or to the 3'UTRs of other mRNAs (from c-myc, GM-CSF and the iron responsive element from the transferrin receptor mRNA), or to the homopolymer poly(A) sequence. p75-RNA binding activity, which requires new protein synthesis, is not present in untreated cells, but is induced following TGF-beta 1 stimulation. The in vivo kinetics of appearance of p75 binding activity paralleled the accumulation of R2 mRNA. Insertion of the 3'-untranslated region into the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) message confers TGF-beta 1 induced stability of RNA in stably transfected cells, while the same insert carrying a deletion of the 83-nucleotide fragment had little affect on RNA levels. Furthermore, in vitro decay reactions that contained the 83-nucleotide RNA or deletion of this fragment caused a significant decrease in TGF-beta 1 stabilization of R2 message. A model is presented of R2 message regulation in which TGF-beta 1 mediated stabilization of R2 message involves a specific interaction of a p75-trans-acting factor with a cis-element(s) stability determinant within the 83-nucleotide sequence which is linked to a reduction in the rate of R2 mRNA degradation.
Effect of Incorporating Method of Niobium on the Properties of Doped Barium Titanate Ceramics (2006)

A series of undoped and doped barium titanate powders were prepared and examined by: X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, particle size, ζ‐potential, specific surface area, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impedance spectroscopy, and secondary‐ion mass spectrometry. The doped samples were prepared by two different methods: (1) coating powders with chlorides and (2) mixing chlorides in a hydrothermal reactor. Different distribution profiles of the dopant atoms were observed for the two incorporation methods. Two T C peaks were detected by DSC for samples doped by coating. Analysis of electrical measurements revealed time constant distributions that were more spread in samples that had a core–shell structure.
Rate Distortion Optimization of H.264 with Main Profile Compatibility (2006)

Using soft decision quantization rather than the conventional hard decision quantization, this paper studies a joint rate distortion design of motion prediction, quantization and entropy coding for the H.264 main profile encoding. Specifically, a soft decision quantization algorithm is proposed based on the context adaptive binary arithmetic coding method in H.264. The proposed algorithm is proved to achieve optimal soft decision quantization for a block with given motion prediction and quantization step size in the sense of minimizing the true rate distortion cost. It is then used in jointly designing motion prediction and residual coding for H.264 main profile coding. Experiments have been conducted based on the reference encoder JM82 of H.264. Comparative studies show that the proposed joint design method achieves an average 10% rate reduction while maintaining the same quality over the rate distortion method in the reference software of H.264
Thiopurine Nucleosides: Variations in Hydrophobicity Among N<sup>l</sup>Suhstituents (1991)

Abstract Syntheses of several 1-substituted 6-thioinosine and 6-thio-guanosine derivatives are described. Substituents were selected to provide a range of steric and hydrophobic properties, ranging from amino to benzyl. Proton NMR and mass spectral data are described and discussed.
Classifying Relations by Ranking with Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

Cícero dos Santos, Bing Xiang, Bowen Zhou. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
High-Q BAW Resonator on Pt/Ta2O5/SiO2-based Reflector Stack (2007)

This paper discusses the design and optimization of high-Q Bulk-Acoustic-Wave resonators using a Pt/Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reflector stack. It can be shown that by properly designing the reflector stack and boundary conditions, large performance improvements can be realized. In this paper the characterization and design of the reflector stack is described and its results are presented.
Human artificial chromosome-based gene delivery vectors for biomedicine and biotechnology (2014)

Based on the published data, the HAC vectors have a great potential for gene therapy, regenerative medicine, screening of anticancer drugs and biotechnology.
Synthesis of uniform core–shell gelatin–alginate microparticles as intestine‐released oral delivery drug carrier (2013)

A core-shell gelatin-alginate composite used for intestine-released oral delivery drug carrier was synthesized through microfluidic technique. At the fixed continuous phase flow rate, the size of the core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles increases with the dispersed phase flow rate, and monodispersity can be retained (the variation coefficient for the diameter distribution can be kept less than 10%). The fabricated microparticles could remain intact in gastric juice for at least 3 h, indicating that the gelatin core could be well protected by alginate shell in acid environment. However, the alginate shell of the microparticles would swell or collapse in alkali environment in half an hour, assuring the controlled drug release in intestinal juice. The fabricated uniform core-shell gelatin-alginate microparticles were potential as pH-responsive drug carriers.
SENTENCE-BASED HUMMING RETRIEVAL (2011)

This paper proposes a humming music retrieval framework and new methods to implement it based on sentence.First melody feature database was built based on sentence,and the pitch extracted with an improved auto-correlation function,melody feature consistent with database was produced via a regularized-based approach.Then a sentence matching method adopted to retrieve.Experimental data reveal that the new process significantly improves accuracy of humming music retrieval.
Antimicrobial Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde, (-)-Perillaldehyde, (-)-Citronellal, Citral, Eugenol and Carvacrol on Airborne Microbes Using an Airwasher (2006)

Citral, trans-cinnamaldehyde, (-)-perillaldehyde, (-)-citronellal, eugenol and carvacrol were tested for their influence on microbial count in air by vaporizing with an air washer. The highest antibacterial activity was observed when (-)-perillaldehyde was sprayed. The average reduce of germ count was 53%. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of eugenol was the lowest of these six compounds. The average reduction of germ count was 13%. When water without volatile compounds was sprayed, the colony forming units increased. These results suggest the utility of selected aroma-compounds for the control of bacteria in the room.
Identification of the Mechanism Mediating Genioglossus Muscle Suppression in REM Sleep (2012)

We identify a powerful cholinergic-GIRK channel mechanism operating at the hypoglossal motor pool that has its largest inhibitory influence in REM sleep and minimal or no effects in other sleep-wake states. This mechanism is the major cause of REM sleep inhibition at a pharyngeal motor pool critical for effective breathing.
<i>In Vitro</i> Studies of the Interaction of Heparin, Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Heparinoids with Platelets (1989)

Heparin, low molecular weight heparins, and heparinoids were studied for their ability to inhibit the aggregation of platelets by various agonists and for their ability to adhere to collagen. Heparin was a very effective inhibitor of aggregation with collagen and with ristocetin as it was with adhesion to collagen. The heparinoids showed little effect on aggregation or adhesion. Heparan sulfate and pentosan polysulfate did show slight inhibitory activity against collagen aggregation and adhesion and both interacted with the antibody induced by heparin therapy. It is of interest that dermatan sulfate and the pentasaccharide were almost inert in these experiments, and are unlikely to induce bleeding by inhibition of platelet function. It is highly probable that interference with the interaction of von Willebrand factor with platelets and collagen is a major mechanism for bleeding in the heparinized patient.
Detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in both serum and saliva enhances detection of infection (2020)

This work was funded by the University of Birmingham, the National Institute for Health Research (UK), the NIH National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the University of Southampton.
Thermal distribution of Cu 2 O paraexcitons in a strain-induced trap probed by excitonic Lyman spectroscopy (2008)

We observe the signal of trapped paraexcitons in Cu2O by using CW excitonic Lyman spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the 1s-2p induced absorption of paraexcitons indicates the presence of a strain-induced trap.
Three‐Dimensional Porous MnCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> Microrugby Balls Supported on Carbon Cloth for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2022)

Abstract The design and development of oxygen evolution electrocatalyst with stable structure and outstanding performance is of great significance for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Inspired by the high stability of the self‐supported catalyst and the synergistic effect of the bimetallic transition metal catalyst, MnCo 2 S 4 microrugby balls were successfully prepared on carbon cloth by a two‐step hydrothermal method in this work. The prepared MnCo 2 S 4 /CC exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance due to the stable self‐supporting design and lavish porous structure, as well as the high inherent electrical conductivity of sulphide. The overpotential of MnCo 2 S 4 /CC is only 180 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm −2 , which is 161 mV lower than that of MnCo 2 O 4 /CC (341 mV). The Tafel slope of MnCo 2 S 4 /CC is 145.7 mV dec −1 , which is less than that of MnCo 2 O 4 /CC (157.5 mV dec −1 ). The OER performance of MnCo 2 S 4 /CC is significantly improved due to its high electrochemically active surface area and conductivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that MnCo 2 S 4 /CC has a higher electron density than MnCo 2 O 4 /CC, which indicates that it has better conductivity. These results indicate that it is a feasible method to optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts by combining the large electrochemical surface area provided by the porous structure of the self‐supported catalyst and the large electrical conductivity of the sulphide.
Transcription factor AP4 modulates reversible and epigenetic silencing of the <i>Cd4</i> gene (2011)

CD4 coreceptor expression is negatively regulated through activity of the Cd4 silencer in CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) thymocytes and CD8(+) cytotoxic lineage T cells. Whereas Cd4 silencing is reversed during transition from DN to CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive stages, it is maintained through heritable epigenetic processes following its establishment in mature CD8(+) T cells. We previously demonstrated that the Runx family of transcription factors is required for Cd4 silencing both in DN thymocytes and CD8(+) T cells. However, additional factors that cooperate with Runx proteins in the process of Cd4 silencing remain unknown. To identify collaborating factors, we used microarray and RNAi-based approaches and found the basic helix-loop-helix ZIP transcription factor AP4 to have an important role in Cd4 regulation. AP4 interacts with Runx1 in cells in which Cd4 is silenced, and is required for Cd4 silencing in immature DN thymocytes through binding to the proximal enhancer. Furthermore, although AP4-deficient CD8(+) T cells appeared to normally down-regulate CD4 expression, AP4 deficiency significantly increased the frequency of CD4-expressing effector/memory CD8(+) T cells in mice harboring point mutations in the Cd4 silencer. Our results suggest that AP4 contributes to Cd4 silencing both in DN and CD8(+) T cells by enforcing checkpoints for appropriate timing of CD4 expression and its epigenetic silencing.
Transmembrane voltage regulates binding of annexin V and lactadherin to cells with exposed phosphatidylserine (2009)

Alterations in membrane potential regulate the binding of annexin V and lactadherin to cell membranes, and may also influence the membrane binding of other classes of phosphatidylserine-binding proteins.
Fair Scheduling in Wireless Multi-Hop Self-backhaul Networks (2006)

In this paper, we provide guidelines for high throughput wireless multi-hop self-backhaul networks which at the same time retain fairness. Based on the theoretical analysis results, we propose two fair scheduling strategies: static independent fair scheduling and dynamic joint fair scheduling. Simulations verify that, both schemes can achieve maximum throughput and exhibits fairness between base stations in a multi-hop self-backhaul chain. Moreover, dynamic joint fair scheduling method achieves improved performance in throughput and exhibits better fairness in network environments where asymmetric services are presented.
Role of Probiotics in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Does Gut Microbiota Matter? (2019)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic consequence of metabolic syndrome, which often also includes obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The connection between gut microbiota (GM) and NAFLD has attracted significant attention in recent years. Data has shown that GM affects hepatic lipid metabolism and influences the balance between pro/anti-inflammatory effectors in the liver. Although studies reveal the association between GM dysbiosis and NAFLD, decoding the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis resulting in NAFLD remains challenging. The potential pathophysiology that links GM dysbiosis to NAFLD can be summarized as: (1) disrupting the balance between energy harvest and expenditure, (2) promoting hepatic inflammation (impairing intestinal integrity, facilitating endotoxemia, and initiating inflammatory cascades with cytokines releasing), and (3) altered biochemistry metabolism and GM-related metabolites (i.e., bile acid, short-chain fatty acids, aromatic amino acid derivatives, branched-chain amino acids, choline, ethanol). Due to the hypothesis that probiotics/synbiotics could normalize GM and reverse dysbiosis, there have been efforts to investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics/synbiotics in patients with NAFLD. Recent randomized clinical trials suggest that probiotics/synbiotics could improve transaminases, hepatic steatosis, and reduce hepatic inflammation. Despite these promising results, future studies are necessary to understand the full role GM plays in NAFLD development and progression. Additionally, further data is needed to unravel probiotics/synbiotics efficacy, safety, and sustainability as a novel pharmacologic approaches to NAFLD.