gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lauric Acid Sophorolipid: Accelerating the Gelation of Silk Fibroin (2020)

Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels find wide applications in tissue engineering. However, their scope has been limited due to the long gelation time in ambient conditions. This paper shows the reduction in gelation time of silk fibroin to minutes upon doping with a newly synthesized lauric acid sophorolipid (LASL). LASL comprises a fatty acid, lauric acid (with a 12-carbon aliphatic chain), that is derivatized by glucose molecules using a non-pathogenic yeast <i>Candida bombicola</i>. LASL was characterized using spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry) methods. This gelation of SF is comparable to the effect of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microstructure of SF-LASL hydrogels was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and exhibited the beads-on-a-necklace model. The rheological properties of these hydrogels show similarity to SF-SDS hydrogels, therefore presenting a greener alternative for tissue engineering applications.
Graft‐Copolymer‐Based Approach to Clear, Durable, and Anti‐Smudge Polyurethane Coatings (2015)

Abstract Clear anti‐smudge coatings with a thickness of up to tens of micrometers have been prepared through a graft‐copolymer‐based approach from commercial precursors. The coatings repel water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, ink, and an artificial fingerprint liquid. In addition, they can be readily applied onto different substrates using different coating methods. These coatings could find applications in protecting hand‐held electronic devices from fingerprints, windows from stains, and buildings from graffiti.
Neural pixel error detection (2019)

Current video quality control entails a manual review of every frame for every video for pixel errors. A pixel error is a single or small group of anomalous pixels displaying incorrect colors, arising from multiple sources in the video production pipeline. The detection process is difficult, time consuming, and rife with human error. In this work, we present a novel approach for automated pixel error detection, applying simple machine learning techniques to great effect. We use an autoencoder architecture followed by statistical post-processing to catch all tested live action pixel anomalies while keeping the false positive rate to a minimum. We discuss previous dead pixel detection methods in image processing, and compare to other machine learning approaches.
Flow modeling and simulation for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process with the equivalent permeability method (2004)

Abstract Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) offers numerous advantages over traditional resin transfer molding, such as lower tooling costs, shorter mold filling time and better scalability for large structures. In the VARTM process, complete filling of the mold with adequate wet‐out of the fibrous preform has a critical impact on the process efficiency and product quality. Simulation is a powerful tool for understanding the resin flow in the VARTM process. However, conventional three‐dimensional Control Volume/Finite Element Method (CV/FEM) based simulation models often require extensive computations, and their application to process modeling of large part fabrication is limited. This paper introduces a new approach to model the flow in the VARTM process based on the concept of equivalent permeability to significantly reduce computation time for VARTM flow simulation of large parts. The equivalent permeability model of high permeable medium (HPM) proposed in the study can significantly increase convergence efficiency of simulation by properly adjusting the aspect ratio of HPM elements. The equivalent permeability model of flow channel can simplify the computational model of the CV/FEM simulation for VARTM processes. This new modeling technique was validated by the results from conventional 3D computational methods and experiments. The model was further validated with a case study of an automobile hood component fabrication. The flow simulation results of the equivalent permeability models were in agreement with those from experiments. The results indicate that the computational time required by this new approach was greatly reduced compared to that by the conventional 3D CV/FEM simulation model, while maintaining the accuracy, of filling time and flow pattern. This approach makes the flow simulation of large VARTM parts with 3D CV/FEM method computationally feasible and may help broaden the application base of the process simulation. Polym. Compos. 25:146–164, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Sorbent Development for Low-Temperature Moving-Bed Desulfurization (1996)

In this program, the effort is geared towards developing advanced mixed-metal oxide sorbents for desulfurization in moving-bed systems in the temperature rang 343-538{degrees}C (650-1000{degrees}F) where technical viability and process efficiency result in lower overall process costs. In addition a cost assessment and a market plan for large-scale fabrication of sorbents will be developed. As an optional task, a long-term bench-scale testing of the best moving-bed sorbent formulation will conducted. The sorbents must have chemical characteristics that permit cyclic desulfurization and regeneration over many cycles without a drastic loss of activity. The sorbents must be capable of reducing the hydrogen sulfide level in the fuel gas to less than 20 ppm in the specified temperature range and pressures in the range of 1 to 20 atmospheres. In addition, they must also have physical characteristics that are compatible with the selected reactor, e.g. pellet size/shape. This paper discusses in more detail recent developments in the fabrication and use of doped zinc titanate sorbents for moving-bed configurations at temperatures below 538{degrees}C (1000{degrees}F).
Use of Transposon Promoter-Probe Vectors in the Metabolic Engineering of the Obligate Methanotroph <i>Methylomonas</i> sp. Strain 16a for Enhanced C <sub>40</sub> Carotenoid Synthesis (2007)

The recent expansion of genetic and genomic tools for metabolic engineering has accelerated the development of microorganisms for the industrial production of desired compounds. We have used transposable elements to identify chromosomal locations in the obligate methanotroph Methylomonas sp. strain 16a that support high-level expression of genes involved in the synthesis of the C(40) carotenoids canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. with three promoterless carotenoid transposons, five chromosomal locations-the fliCS, hsdM, ccp-3, cysH, and nirS regions-were identified. Total carotenoid synthesis increased 10- to 20-fold when the carotenoid gene clusters were inserted at these chromosomal locations compared to when the same carotenoid gene clusters were integrated at neutral locations under the control of the promoter for the gene conferring resistance to chloramphenicol. A chromosomal integration system based on sucrose lethality was used to make targeted gene deletions or site-specific integration of the carotenoid gene cluster into the Methylomonas genome without leaving genetic scars in the chromosome from the antibiotic resistance genes that are present on the integration vector. The genetic approaches described in this work demonstrate how metabolic engineering of microorganisms, including the less-studied environmental isolates, can be greatly enhanced by identifying integration sites within the chromosome of the host that permit optimal expression of the target genes.
Chemical Vapor Sensing with Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Two-dimensional materials such as graphene show great potential for future nanoscale electronic devices. The high surface-to-volume ratio is a natural asset for applications such as chemical sensing, where perturbations to the surface resulting in charge redistribution are readily manifested in the transport characteristics. Here we show that single monolayer MoS(2) functions effectively as a chemical sensor, exhibiting highly selective reactivity to a range of analytes and providing sensitive transduction of transient surface physisorption events to the conductance of the monolayer channel. We find strong response upon exposure to triethylamine, a decomposition product of the V-series nerve gas agents. We discuss these results in the context of analyte/sensor interaction in which the analyte serves as either an electron donor or acceptor, producing a temporary charge perturbation of the sensor material. We find highly selective response to electron donors and little response to electron acceptors, consistent with the weak n-type character of our MoS(2). The MoS(2) sensor exhibits a much higher selectivity than carbon nanotube-based sensors.
Sulfonic Acid and Sulfomethyl-Containing Graft Co-Polymers of Xanthan Gum (1978)

Two novel graft copolymers of xanthan gum have been prepared by graft copolymerizing 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and acrylamide onto xanthan gum and by graft polymerizing acrylamide onto xanthan gum followed by sulfomethylation. The preparation and properties of these two polymers are discussed.
Process for separating coal synthesized methane from unreacted intermediate and contaminant gases. [Patent application] (1980)

Gas produced from coal and containing CH/sub 4/, CO, CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S is contacted with CO/sub 2/ scrub liquid to form (1) a liquid CO/sub 2/ stream containing as solutes CH/sub 4/, H/sub 2/S and minor portions of the CO and H/sub 2/, and (2) a gas stream containing CO/sub 2/ and major portions of the CO and H/sub 2/, the CO and H/sub 2/ in this stream being recycled to the means which produces gas from coal, and CO/sub 2/ in the stream being recycled to the scrub liquid. The solute-bearing liquid CO/sub 2/ stream is fractionated into (1) a liquid CO/sub 2/ stream containing CH/sub 4/ and H/sub 2/S, and (2) a H/sub 2//CO gas stream which is recycled into contact with the scrub liquid. The last-mentioned liquid CO/sub 2/ stream is fractionated into (1) a CH/sub 4//CO/sub 2/ gas stream the CO/sub 2/ of which is recycled to the scrub liquid, and (2) a liquid CO/sub 2/ stream containing H/sub 2/S, and CO/sub 2/ of this stream is also recycled to the scrub liquid.
Scanning thermal profiler (1986)

A new high-resolution profilometer has been demonstrated based upon a noncontacting near-field thermal probe. The thermal probe consists of a thermocouple sensor with dimensions approaching 100 nm. Profiling is achieved by scanning the heated sensor above but close to the surface of a solid. The conduction of heat between tip and sample via the air provides a means for maintaining the sample spacing constant during the lateral scan. The large difference in thermal properties between air and solids makes the profiling technique essentially independent of the material properties of the solid. Noncontact profiling of resist and metal films has shown a lateral resolution of 100 nm and a depth solution of 3 nm. The basic theory of the new probe is described and the results presented.
P1‐251: SUVN‐502: A safe, potent, selective, brain penetrant and orally active 5‐HT<sub>6</sub> receptor antagonist ‐ first in human clinical phase‐1 study (2009)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive performance accompanied by behavioral and psychological syndromes. The neurochemical correlates of these clinical manifestations now appear to involve dysfunctions of multiple neurotransmitter pathways. Extensive serotonergic denervation that has been observed in the Alzheimer's disease brain and the important role played by serotonin (5-HT) in both cognition and behavioral control, this neurotransmitter system has become a focus to identify new treatments for Alzheimer's disease. One of the newest members of this family is the 5-HT6 receptor, a subtype localized almost exclusively in the CNS, predominating in brain regions associated with cognition and behavior. Blockade of 5-HT6 receptors leads to improvement of cognitive performance in a wide variety of learning and memory paradigms. Our effective lead generation and optimization methods have resulted in a novel and potent 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SUVN-502 with Ki of 1.71 nM and exhibited antagonist like inhibition with EC50 of 0.103 μM when tested for functional activity. SUVN-502 has more than 100 fold selectivity against the other 5-HT receptor subtypes and related GPCRs. SUVN-502 was effective in animal models of cognition. SUVN-502 has completed all regulatory safety and toxicity studies. SUVN-502 reversed the age induced memory deficit in Morris water maze and novel object recognition task (NORT). SUVN-502 also reversed the spatial and working memory deficit induced by MK-801 and scopolamine in Morris water maze, NORT and radial arm maze task. The effective dose range of SUVN-502 in the these animal models was between 3 to 10 mg/kg p.o. SUVN-502 enhanced brain acetylcholine and glutamate levels in rat ventral hippocampus and frontal cortex SUVN-502 has high oral bioavailability and good brain penetration index. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, ascending single and multiple-dose study was conducted with healthy male subjects. SUVN-502 was safe and well tolerated in humans at all single and multiple doses tested. SUVN-502 has the potential for best in the class candidate with a favorable pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicology profile. SUVN-502 completed human Phase I clinical studies and is ready to enter clinical proof of concept studies for cognitive dysfunction associated with Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases.
Catalytic Activity of Various 5 wt % Ni/Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.33</sub>M<sub>0.17</sub>O<sub>2−δ</sub>Catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub>Reforming of CH<sub>4</sub>in the Presence and Absence of Steam (2011)

Catalysts derived from ceria–zirconia-based ternary oxide supports by impregnation with nickel, and having a nominal composition of 5 wt % Ni/Ce0.5Zr0.33M0.17O2−δ (where M is either a transition (Ts) metal, non-Ts metal, or inner-Ts metal), were prepared and evaluated for the CO2 reforming of CH4 in the presence and absence of steam. The textural, structural, redox, physicochemical, and surface characteristics of the supports as well as whole catalysts were correlated with catalyst activity for the CO2 reforming of methane in the presence and absence of steam, in an attempt to evaluate the potential of the existence of structure/activity relationships (SARs). The results show that a higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC), pore volume/surface area, reducibility, nickel dispersion and surface nickel content lead to an increase in the activity of the catalysts for the above processes. Among the various catalysts tested, the 5 wt % Ni/Ce0.5Zr0.33M0.17O2−δ catalyst formulations, with M = Ca, La, and Y, exhibit the highest activity for CO2 reforming of CH4 both in the presence and in the absence of steam for the reason that they exhibited the overall highest values of the identified characteristics.
<title>Automatic classification of images on the Web</title> (2001)

Numerous research works about the extraction of low-level features from images and videos have been published. However, only recently the focus has shifted to exploiting low-level features to classify images and videos automatically into semantically meaningful and broad categories. In this paper, novel classification algorithms are presented for three broad and general-purpose categories. In detail, we present algorithms for distinguishing photo-like images from graphical images, true photos from only photo-like, but artificial images and presentation slides from comics. On a large image database, our classification algorithm achieved an accuracy of 97.3% in separating photo-like images from graphical images. In the subset of photo-like images, true photos could be separated from ray-traced/rendered image with an accuracy of 87.3%, while with an accuracy of 93.2% the subset of graphical images was successfully partitioned into presentation slides and comics.
Stereospecific Substitution of Allylic Alcohols To Give Optically Active Primary Allylic Amines: Unique Reactivity of a (P,alkene)Ir Complex Modulated by Iodide (2010)

A stereospecific allylic amination of unactivated secondary (secondary)-allylic alcohols is reported. The primary (primary)-allylic amine can be isolated directly or protected in situ. Spectroscopic studies have shed light on the structure of the catalytically active Ir x (P,olefin)2I complex.
A Single Intravenous AAV9 Injection Mediates Bilateral Gene Transfer to the Adult Mouse Retina (2013)

Widespread gene delivery to the retina is an important challenge for the treatment of retinal diseases, such as retinal dystrophies. We and others have recently shown that the intravenous injection of a self-complementary (sc) AAV9 vector can direct efficient cell transduction in the central nervous system, in both neonatal and adult animals. We show here that the intravenous injection of scAAV9 encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) resulted in gene transfer to all layers of the retina in adult mice, despite the presence of a mature blood-eye barrier. Cell morphology studies and double-labeling with retinal cell-specific markers showed that GFP was expressed in retinal pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptors, bipolar cells, Müller cells and retinal ganglion cells. The cells on the inner side of the retina, including retinal ganglion cells in particular, were transduced with the highest efficiency. Quantification of the cell population co-expressing GFP and Brn-3a showed that 45% of the retinal ganglion cells were efficiently transduced after intravenous scAAV9-GFP injection in adult mice. This study provides the first demonstration that a single intravenous scAAV9 injection can deliver transgenes to the retinas of both eyes in adult mice, suggesting that this vector serotype is able to cross mature blood-eye barriers. This intravascular gene transfer approach, by eliminating the potential invasiveness of ocular surgery, could constitute an alternative when fragility of the retina precludes subretinal or intravitreal injections of viral vectors, opening up new possibilities for gene therapy for retinal diseases.
The Effects of an Oxide Layer on the Kinetics of Metal-Induced Crystallization of a-Si:H (2005)

The effect of a native silicon dioxide layer on metal-induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was investigated. Several samples, deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, were exposed to different ambients for different times to allow for the growth of layers of different thicknesses. Then, aluminum was used to crystallize the samples using metal-induced crystallization at temperatures far below the solid-phase crystallization temperature of a-Si. In this study, we focused on the effects of the native oxide layer on crystallization and crystallization rates of the samples, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Following crystallization, scanning electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to examine and compare the morphology and chemical composition of the surface of the different samples. Finally, an explanation of the findings is presented.
Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyMilos Novotny, Stephen R. Springston, Paul A. Peaden, John C. Fjeldsted, and Milton L. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 3, 407A–414APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online25 May 2012Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00226a731https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00226a731research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of Epitope-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies against West Nile Virus (2007)

Previous studies have established that an epitope on the lateral ridge of domain III (DIII-lr) of West Nile virus (WNV) envelope (E) protein is recognized by strongly neutralizing type-specific antibodies. In contrast, an epitope against the fusion loop in domain II (DII-fl) is recognized by flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies with less neutralizing potential. Using gain- and loss-of-function E proteins and wild-type and variant WNV reporter virus particles, we evaluated the expression pattern and activity of antibodies against the DIII-lr and DII-fl epitopes in mouse and human serum after WNV infection. In mice, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the DIII-lr epitope were detected at low levels at day 6 after infection. However, compared to IgG responses against other epitopes in DI and DII, which were readily detected at day 8, the development of IgG against DIII-lr epitope was delayed and did not appear consistently until day 15. This late time point is notable since almost all death after WNV infection in mice occurs by day 12. Nonetheless, at later time points, DIII-lr antibodies accumulated and comprised a significant fraction of the DIII-specific IgG response. In sera from infected humans, DIII-lr antibodies were detected at low levels and did not correlate with clinical outcome. In contrast, antibodies to the DII-fl were detected in all human serum samples and encompassed a significant percentage of the anti-E protein response. Our experiments suggest that the highly neutralizing DIII-lr IgG antibodies have little significant role in primary infection and that the antibody response of humans may be skewed toward the induction of cross-reactive, less-neutralizing antibodies.
Xyloglucan Fucosyltransferase, an Enzyme Involved in Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis (1999)

Cell walls are crucial for development, signal transduction, and disease resistance in plants. Cell walls are made of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins. Xyloglucan (XG), the principal load-bearing hemicellulose of dicotyledonous plants, has a terminal fucosyl residue. A 60-kilodalton fucosyltransferase (FTase) that adds this residue was purified from pea epicotyls. Peptide sequence information from the pea FTase allowed the cloning of a homologous gene, AtFT1, from Arabidopsis. Antibodies raised against recombinant AtFTase immunoprecipitate FTase enzyme activity from solubilized Arabidopsis membrane proteins, and AtFT1 expressed in mammalian COS cells results in the presence of XG FTase activity in these cells.