gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The autophagic pathway is actively modulated by phase II Coxiella burnetii to efficiently replicate in the host cell (2006)

The etiologic agent of Q fever Coxiella burnetii, is an intracellular obligate parasite that develops large vacuoles with phagolysosomal characteristics, containing multiple replicating bacteria. We have previously shown that Phase II C. burnetii replicative vacuoles generated after 24-48 h post infection are decorated with the autophagic protein LC3. The aim of the present study was to examine, at earlier stages of infection, the distribution and roles of the small GTPases Rab5 and Rab7, markers of early and late endosomes respectively, as well as of the protein LC3 on C. burnetii trafficking. Our results indicate that: (i) Coxiella phagosomes (Cph) acquire the two Rab proteins sequentially during infection; (ii) overexpression of a dominant negative mutant form of Rab5, but not of Rab7, impaired Coxiella entry, whereas both Rab5 and Rab7 dominant negative mutants inhibited vacuole formation; (iii) Cph colocalized with the protein LC3 as early as 5 min after infection; acquisition of this protein appeared to be a bacterially driven process, because it was inhibited by the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol and (iv) C. burnetii delayed the arrival of the typical lysosomal protease cathepsin D to the Cph, which delay is further increased by starvation-induced autophagy. Based on our results we propose that C. burnetii transits through the normal endo/phagocytic pathway but actively interacts with autophagosomes at early times after infection. This intersection with the autophagic pathway delays fusion with the lysosomal compartment possibly favouring the intracellular differentiation and survival of the bacteria.
Transport properties of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> films at step edges (1991)

To study the current-carrying capability of interconnections between conducting planes in a YBa2Cu3Ox-insulator multilayer system, the transport properties of laser-deposited YBa2Cu3Ox striplines at different step edges in 〈100〉 SrTiO3 substrates were investigated. Step edges with various heights between 100 and 800 nm and slope angles a=2.5°, 10°, 25°, 40°, and 65° were fabricated by Ar+ ion milling. The previous ion milling of one part of the substrate does not affect the crystal growth and the transport properties of the superconductor, which has been checked by electrical and x-ray measurements. Two ways for a high transport current between conducting planes were realized. At flat angles up to 30°, a critical current density of ≳106 A/cm2 at 77 K can be achieved for a step stripline with film thickness d0 smaller than the step height h. If the film thickness d0 is larger than the step height, high superconducting current densities can also be achieved for a≳65°.
New approach to attitude/momentum control for the Space Station (1989)

A new approach to control moment gyro (CMG) momentum management and attitude control of the space station is presented. The control algorithm utilizes both the gravity-gradient and gyroscopic torques to seek torque equilibrium attitude in the presence of secular and cyclic disturbances. It is shown that, depending on mission requirements, either pitch attitude or pitch-axis CMG momentum can be held constant. It is also shown that a combination of yaw attitude and roll-axis CMG momentum can be held constant, whereas a combination of roll attitude and yaw-axis CMG momentum cannot. As a result, the overall attitude and CMG momentum oscillations caused by cyclic aerodynamic disturbances are minimized. A state feedback controller with minimal computer storage requirements for gain scheduling is also presented. An inherent physical property of the coupled roll/yaw dynamics is discussed in terms of a transmission zero of a multivariable system.
ALP is learning too (2018)

The GEC programme was a significant event in the young life of Action Learning Projects International (ALP). The fact that the work done on sharing learning experience would enhance the performance of the group of project advisers in its management role was missed. ALP relearned the lesson that project clients and client groups must be involved and committed from the start. ALP relearned that the work on projects was as important as the management development process going on within the programme. The GEC experience has already been used in a number of new activities — for example, the design of the Nehru project in India and of a rolling programme with a consortium of companies in the UK. Learning about programmes, about design and about mistakes in design has proved more fruitful than learning about the differing styles occurring in project sets and about the roles of the client and of the company project adviser for instance.
Heterogeneity and dynamics in the assembly of the Heat Shock Protein 90 chaperone complexes (2011)

The Hsp90 cycle depends on the coordinated activity of a range of cochaperones, including Hop, Hsp70 and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases such as FKBP52. Using mass spectrometry, we investigate the order of addition of these cochaperones and their effects on the stoichiometry and composition of the resulting Hsp90-containing complexes. Our results show that monomeric Hop binds specifically to the Hsp90 dimer whereas FKBP52 binds to both monomeric and dimeric forms of Hsp90. By preforming Hsp90 complexes with either Hop, followed by addition of FKBP52, or with FKBP52 and subsequent addition of Hop, we monitor the formation of a predominant asymmetric ternary complex containing both cochaperones. This asymmetric complex is subsequently able to interact with the chaperone Hsp70 to form quaternary complexes containing all four proteins. Monitoring the population of these complexes during their formation and at equilibrium allows us to model the complex formation and to extract 14 different K(D) values. This simultaneous calculation of the K(D)s from a complex system with the same method, from eight deferent datasets under the same buffer conditions delivers a self-consistent set of values. In this case, the K(D) values afford insights into the assembly of ten Hsp90-containing complexes and provide a rationale for the cellular heterogeneity and prevalence of intermediates in the Hsp90 chaperone cycle.
Metformin Increases Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine by Reducing CD133+ Cell Populations and Suppressing ERK/P70S6K Signaling (2015)

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains dismal, with little advance in chemotherapy because of its high frequency of chemoresistance. Metformin is widely used to treat type II diabetes, and was shown recently to inhibit pancreatic cancer stem cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the role of metformin in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, and its possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. Metformin increases sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. The mechanism involves, at least in part, the inhibition of CD133(+) cells proliferation and suppression of P70S6K signaling activation via inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Studies of primary tumor samples revealed a relationship between P70S6K signaling activation and the malignancy of pancreatic cancer. Analysis of clinical data revealed a trend of the benefit of metformin for pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes. The results suggested that metformin has a potential clinical use in overcoming chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
Reproductive impairment in the Florida panther: nature or nurture? (1995)

Many of the remaining members of the endangered Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) population suffer from one or more of a variety of physiological, reproductive, endocrine, and immune system defects including congenital heart defects, abnormal sperm, low sperm density, cryptorchidism, thyroid dysfunction, and possible immunosuppression. Mercury contamination, determined to be the cause of death of a female panther in 1989, was presented as the likely cause of thyroid dysfunction. As genetic diversity in the species was less than expected, all of the other abnormalities have been attributed to inbreeding. However, exposure to a variety of chemical compounds, especially those that have been identified as environmental endocrine disrupters (including mercury, p,p'-DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls), has elicited all of the listed abnormalities in other species. A number of these contaminants are present in South Florida. An exposure pathway has been identified, and evidence presented in this paper, including the fact that there appears to be no significant difference between serum estradiol levels in males and females, suggests that many male panthers may have been demasculinized and feminized as a result of either prenatal or postnatal exposure. Thus, regardless of the effects of inbreeding, current evidence seems to indicate that environmental contaminants may be a major factor contributing to reproductive impairment in the Florida panther population.
Successful Concomitant Therapy with Pirfenidone and Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case Report (2016)

Pirfenidone and nintedanib are both pleiotropic anti-fibrotic agents approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as monotherapy. To date, evidence supporting their efficacy as concomitant therapy has not been reported. Here, we present the first case of a Caucasian male patient with IPF treated with both pirfenidone and nintedanib following 2 years of treatment with pirfenidone monotherapy. Over a 24-month period, there was a clear decline in the patient's forced vital capacity from 3.5 liter before initiation of treatment to 2.5 liter after 24 months. Concomitant nintedanib treatment was initiated in March 2015. Lung function stabilized, and the two treatments were well tolerated. Treatment with pirfenidone and nintedanib has currently been ongoing for nearly 12 months. This is the first report of a successful long-term treatment with pirfenidone and nintedanib and suggests that in selected cases, concomitant anti-fibrotic therapy may represent a safe and therapeutically valuable escalation option after pirfenidone monotherapy.
Flexible and efficient perspective transform engine (2017)

Perspective transform (or Homography) is commonly used in image and computer vision processing, which typically solved using a back mapping algorithm. It is used in multiple use-cases e.g. view point change, fish-eye lens distortion correction, chromatic aberration correction, stereo image pair alignments etc. Prior work in literature addresses individual use-case by selecting data format, interpolation method and block sizes due to constraints of irregular data fetch. In this paper, we propose an area efficient and flexible solution for perspective transform engine to address multiple use-cases with software controlled data format, interpolation method and block size. The proposed solution consists of multiple innovative techniques namely On-The-Fly (OTF) transform, Off-line mesh based Look up Table (LUT) with optional down-sampling, corner pre-fetch and dual interpolation. The proposed solution achieves clock up- to 300 MHz with output pixel throughput of 1 cycle/pixel and 0.21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area in 28nm LP-CMOS process node.
Online Exposure Treatment for Spider Fear: The Effects of Moving Versus Static Images on Treatment Adherence, Fear Elicitation and Habituation (2012)

This research aimed to examine the effects of moving (videos) versus static (pictures) images on habituation and progression in a hierarchy during online symbolic exposure (OSE) for spider fear. Participants were 351 people with high spider fear who logged on to an OSE website ( www.feardrop.com ) for self-help purposes. The inclusion of moving images in the exposure hierarchy increased adherence rates relative to static images, particularly among those with lower relative to higher spider fear. Those who viewed moving images at Stage 2 showed higher Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) ratings overall, but a similar pattern of habituation relative to those who viewed static images. In addition, 71% of participants completed at least one stage of the OSE program, representing an improvement from 30% adherence in previous research that used an earlier version of the program. These findings support the development of tailored exposure hierarchies to maximise adherence and treatment benefit for individual participants.
Magnetic Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System (1991)

Following a review of general aspects of magnetic stimulation pertaining to the peripheral nervous system, the reported performance of currently available magnetic stimulation systems in various critical areas of peripheral clinical neurophysiology is evaluated. The author suggests techniques for the use of the magnetic stimulator in the clinical study of the peripheral nervous system, where its use has been shown to be appropriate or to have advantages over other currently used techniques.
QED: Groupon's ETL management and curated feature catalog system for machine learning (2016)

In today's technology industry where machine learning has become essential, the effectiveness of algorithms ultimately depends on a robust data pipeline, and fast model prototyping and tuning require easy feature discovery and consumption. Careful management of ETL processes and their produced datasets is key to both model development in the research stage and model execution in the production environment. In this paper we present QED, an ETL management and curated feature catalog system that provides robust, streamlined machine learning pipelines. First, QED promises dynamic, reliable, and timely data delivery to the production pipeline. Its enhanced ETL process persists data from upstream sources in local data stores and ensures their correctness. Second, in contrast to previous systems, QED is capable not only of producing a daily scoring dataset, but also a training dataset with minimized bias by preserving the historical observations of feature values. Third, QED's multiple data store design allows batch process of large datasets as well as fast random access to single records. Finally, its curated feature catalog system enables sharing and reuse of machine learning features. QED serves as the data backend for a variety of machine learning models that provide key insights into the global business, and optimize the daily operations of Groupon.
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis in stationary chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian retroviruses (1977)

Previously, we reported (Fritsch and Temin, J. Virol. 21:119-130, 1977) that infectious viral DNA was not present in spleen necrosis virus-infected stationary chicken cells. However, a stable intermediate was present in such infected stationary cells as evidenced by the appearance of infectious viral DNA shortly after serum stimulation of these cells. After serum stimulation of infected stationary cells, the infectious viral DNA appeared first in the nucleus. In contrast, in infected dividing cells the infectious viral DNA appeared first in the cytoplasm. Significantly reduced amounts of complete plus- or minus-strand viral DNAs were detected by nucleic acid hybridization in stationary chicken cells infected with spleen necrosis virus or Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus compared with the amounts detected in infected dividing cells. These experiments indicated that infected stationary cells did not contain complete noninfectious copies of viral DNA. Furthermore, 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling and cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation analysis of the infectious viral DNA that appeared after serum stimulation of infected stationary cells indicated that most viral DNA synthesis occurred after addition of fresh serum.
Antiboxology: agent design in cultural context (1998)

behavior integration, postmodernism, schizophrenia, cultural studies of science, critical technical practice Artificial Intelligence (AI), the design of technology with attributes that we traditionally associate with living beings, generally follows the broader scientific tradition of focusing on technical problems and their solutions within a relatively constrained framework. The cultural studies of science, on the other hand, insists that scientific work should be understood as it springs from and influences other cultural phenomena, including the background of metaphors and assumptions that influence the way scientists do their work. In this thesis, I explore the possibilities for AI and the cultural studies of science to engage in a mutually beneficial alliance, by studying AI as a culturally situated activity and by using results of that study to generate novel technology. Specifically, I focus on the design of autonomousagents, programs which
Porcine radial artery decellularization by high hydrostatic pressure (2012)

Many types of decellularized tissues have been studied and some have been commercially used in clinics. In this study, small-diameter vascular grafts were made using HHP to decellularize porcine radial arteries. One decellularization method, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), has been used to prepare the decellularized porcine tissues. Low-temperature treatment was effective in preserving collagen and collagen structures in decellularized porcine carotid arteries. The collagen and elastin structures and mechanical properties of HHP-decellularized radial arteries were similar to those of untreated radial arteries. Xenogeneic transplantation (into rats) was performed using HHP-decellularized radial arteries and an untreated porcine radial artery. Two weeks after transplantation into rat carotid arteries, the HHP-decellularized radial arteries were patent and without thrombosis. In addition, the luminal surface of each decellularized artery was covered by recipient endothelial cells and the arterial medium was fully infiltrated with recipient cells.
What Are You Talking About? Text-to-Image Coreference (2014)

In this paper we exploit natural sentential descriptions of RGB-D scenes in order to improve 3D semantic parsing. Importantly, in doing so, we reason about which particular object each noun/pronoun is referring to in the image. This allows us to utilize visual information in order to disambiguate the so-called coreference resolution problem that arises in text. Towards this goal, we propose a structure prediction model that exploits potentials computed from text and RGB-D imagery to reason about the class of the 3D objects, the scene type, as well as to align the nouns/pronouns with the referred visual objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the challenging NYU-RGBD v2 dataset, which we enrich with natural lingual descriptions. We show that our approach significantly improves 3D detection and scene classification accuracy, and is able to reliably estimate the text-to-image alignment. Furthermore, by using textual and visual information, we are also able to successfully deal with coreference in text, improving upon the state-of-the-art Stanford coreference system [15].
Epithelial Notch signaling regulates interstitial fibrosis development in the kidneys of mice and humans (2010)

Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is considered the final common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Here, we used pharmacologic, genetic, in vivo, and in vitro experiments to show that activation of the Notch pathway in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in patients and in mouse models of TIF plays a role in TIF development. Expression of Notch in renal TECs was found to be both necessary and sufficient for TIF development. Genetic deletion of the Notch pathway in TECs reduced renal fibrosis. Consistent with this, TEC-specific expression of active Notch1 caused rapid development of TIF. Pharmacologic inhibition of Notch activation using a γ-secretase inhibitor ameliorated TIF. In summary, our experiments establish that epithelial injury and Notch signaling play key roles in fibrosis development and indicate that Notch blockade may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce fibrosis and ESRD development.
Polyhedral Monocarbaborane Chemistry. A Review of Recent Developments Among C-Aryl Monocarbaborane Systems (2002)

The Brellochs Reactions, of nido -B 10 H 14 with aromatic aldehydes to give [6-Ar- nido -6-CB 9 H 11 ] - anions in high yield, now permits excellent entries into C -aryl monocarbaborane chemistry, which is reviewed. From [6-Ar- nido -6-CB 9 H 11 ] - , one-step cluster-closure, cluster-Aufbau, or cluster-dismantling reactions yield [1-Ph-closo-1-CB 11 H 11 ] - , [7-Ph- nido -7-CB 10 H 12 ] - , [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 9 H 9 ] - , [2-Ph- closo -2-CB 9 H 9 ] - , [4- closo -4-PhCB 8 H 8 ] - and [6-Ph- arachno -6-CB 8 H 13 ]. Second-step reactions involving these products yield [2-Ph- closo -2-CB 10 H 10 ] - , [6-Ph- nido -6-CB 8 H 11 ], [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 7 H 7 ] - and [4-Ph- closo -4-CB 8 H 8 ] - , as well as alternative routes to [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 11 H 11 ] - and [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 9 H 9 ] - . This readier access to this extensive suite of C -aryl monocarbaboranes permits a readier examination of their derivative chemistry. Monohalogenated and poly-halogenated species [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 9 H 9- n X n ] - and [1-Ph- closo -1-CB 11 H 11- n X n ] - have been formed as well as (SMe 2 )-substituted {CB 11 } and {CB 10 } systems. Coupling reactions with para -substituted [XC 6 H 4 CB 11 H 10 X] - systems give rod-like anions, and with poly-iodinated [PhCB 11 H 5 I 6 ] - and [PhCB 9 H 4 I 5 ] - give the globular [PhCB 11 H 5 Ar 5 I] - and [PhCB 9 H 4 Ar 4 I] - anions. Additional interesting species include [PhCB 11 H 10 CH=CHCH 3 ] - , [PhCB 11 H 10 SMe(CH 2 ) 4 OH] - and [PhCB 9 H 8 -6-OH] - . A review with 49 references.
Environmental Impacts from Ships Operating in Polar Regions (2018)

Abstract Climate change and the associated reductions in thickness and extent of ice cover, in addition to various global market forces and an overall interest in the Polar Regions, are contributing to increased levels of shipping and vessel operation in both Arctic and Antarctic waters. Despite a growing interest in resource development, potential transit routes, and scientific research, the Polar Regions also remain among the most unique and environmentally sensitive places on earth and are particularly prone to negative environmental impacts unique to ship operations. This article highlights some of the more common ship‐associated environmental impacts. Throughout, particular emphasis is placed on criteria for minimizing the probability of any such negative impact or incident from occurring, in particular through the development of international standards and requirements for ships (e.g., the Polar Code) that are tailored to the unique operating demands of the Polar Regions.
An equalization method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems in channels with multipath propagation, frequency offset and phase noise (2002)

We present an improved equalizing scheme to be used with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in multipath channels with frequency offset and phase noise. We compare the performance of this method with methods that have been proposed to be used earlier with OFDM. For the performance evaluation we apply a random walk phase noise model with a typical terrestrial TV multipath channel.