gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parthenogenesis gene of apomict origin elicits embryo formation from unfertilized eggs in a sexual plant (2015)

Apomixis is a naturally occurring mode of asexual reproduction in flowering plants that results in seed formation without the involvement of meiosis or fertilization of the egg. Seeds formed on an apomictic plant contain offspring genetically identical to the maternal plant. Apomixis has significant potential for preserving hybrid vigor from one generation to the next in highly productive crop plant genotypes. Apomictic Pennisetum/Cenchrus species, members of the Poaceae (grass) family, reproduce by apospory. Apospory is characterized by apomeiosis, the formation of unreduced embryo sacs derived from nucellar cells of the ovary and, by parthenogenesis, the development of the unreduced egg into an embryo without fertilization. In Pennisetum squamulatum (L.) R.Br., apospory segregates as a single dominant locus, the apospory-specific genomic region (ASGR). In this study, we demonstrate that the PsASGR-BABY BOOM-like (PsASGR-BBML) gene is expressed in egg cells before fertilization and can induce parthenogenesis and the production of haploid offspring in transgenic sexual pearl millet. A reduction of PsASGR-BBML expression in apomictic F1 RNAi transgenic plants results in fewer visible parthenogenetic embryos and a reduction of embryo cell number compared with controls. Our results endorse a key role for PsASGR-BBML in parthenogenesis and a newly discovered role for a member of the BBM-like clade of APETALA 2 transcription factors. Induction of parthenogenesis by PsASGR-BBML will be valuable for installing parthenogenesis to synthesize apomixis in crops and will have further application for haploid induction to rapidly obtain homozygous lines for breeding.
Targeting deposited complement component C3d to potentiate monoclonal antibody cancer therapy (VAC3P.1057) (2015)

Abstract Treatment-induced loss of targeted cell surface antigens through trogocytosis or internalization reduces efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of cancer. However, cells that escape therapy mediated by complement-fixing mAbs carry covalently deposited complement activation fragments on their cell surfaces, in particular C3d. We hypothesized that cell-associated C3d constitutes a neoantigen that could be exploited to selectively retarget cells escaping from therapeutic mAbs. We generated an anti-C3d IgG1 human/mouse chimeric mAb specific for human C3d that is not competed by C3 in human serum. For proof of concept, we used cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients that had substantially reduced CD20 levels due to treatment with the anti-CD20 mAb ofatumumab (OFA). The chimeric anti-C3d mAb bound cell surface C3d on these CLL cells ex vivo (KD = 6.7nM), and mediated complement-dependent, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis in vitro. CLL cells opsonized by C3d in vivo and reacted with the anti-C3d mAb in vitro were further C3d opsonized, resulting in an amplification loop that enhanced anti-C3d mAb binding capacity and killing of target cells. In vivo, the anti-C3d mAb was effective in reducing tumor burden in blood and spleens of NSG mice xenografted with human CLL cells. Our results identify anti-C3d mAbs as a means to specifically and potently augment the therapeutic efficacy of complement-fixing mAbs.
An Engineered Human Antibody Fab Fragment Specific for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PcrV Antigen Has Potent Antibacterial Activity (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute lung injury and mortality through the delivery of exotoxins by the type III secretion system (TTSS). PcrV is an important structural protein of the TTSS. An engineered human antibody Fab fragment that binds to the P. aeruginosa PcrV protein with high affinity has been identified and has potent in vitro neutralization activity against the TTSS. The instillation of a single dose of Fab into the lungs of mice provided protection against lethal pulmonary challenge of P. aeruginosa and led to a substantial reduction of viable bacterial counts in the lungs. These results demonstrate that blocking of the TTSS by a Fab lacking antibody Fc-mediated effector functions can be sufficient for the effective clearance of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection.
Polyelectrolytes with sterically hindered anionic charges (1989)

The central problem in the development of single phase polymer electrolytes with exclusive cation conduction has been inadequate ion mobility due to extensive ion pairing between the mobile cation and the covalently attached anion. We have developed a new class of single ion conducting polymers, or polyelectrolytes, based on highly flexible polysiloxane backbones and attached sterically hindered phenolate anions. The combination of a highly delocalized and sterically enclosed anionic charged separation and consequently enhanced cation mobility. 10 refs., 2 figs.
Railgun current guard plates: active current management and augmentation (1989)

A system of auxiliary conductors designed to reduce current density peaks in railgun rails is described, and the effects on rail current density and projectile force are discussed. Performance comparisons with simple railguns and typical augmented railguns are made. It is shown that the wrap-around design of the guard plates can produce four to eight times the force produced by the usual augmented railgun design, without increasing local peak current densities. The range of performance contained in the factors between four and eight is primarily a function of the complexity of design. The more complex designs involve allowing the guard plates to overhang the rail slightly (intruding into the bore space, similar to rifling in a conventional gun barrel), and the use of separate power supplies for the rail and guard-plate conductors. These added complexities represent unacceptable complications for many applications, but may be justifiable for others.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Motion Compensated Noise Reduction (1994)

Motion Compensated Noise Reduction Research Paper Regular Paper Stochastic sampling has proven to be an effective means of reducing many types of aliasing artifacts. However stochastic sampling requires many samples in order to produce images which appear free of noise, especially when used to antialias procedural textures or the shadowing effects of area light sources. We have developed a new algorithm that improves the signal to noise ratio of stochastically sampled image sequences. The algorithm predicts the motion of pixels in screen space, compensating out the effect of motion in the scene. Several frames of motion compensated pixel intensity information are averaged with a corresponding improvement in signal to noise ratio. The new algorithm is efficiently applied as a post process to previously rendered images. Computation time is low compared to the time required to render complex images - only 2 minutes per frame for a 320 by 243 pixel image on an SGI Indigo 2 workstation. 1. ...
Targeting endogenous kidney regeneration using anti-IL11 therapy in acute and chronic models of kidney disease (2022)

The kidney has large regenerative capacity, but this is compromised when kidney damage is excessive and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo SNAI1-driven growth arrest. Here we investigate the role of IL11 in TECs, kidney injury and renal repair. IL11 stimulation of TECs induces ERK- and p90RSK-mediated GSK3β inactivation, SNAI1 upregulation and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Mice with acute kidney injury upregulate IL11 in TECs leading to SNAI1 expression and kidney dysfunction, which is not seen in Il11 deleted mice or in mice administered a neutralizing IL11 antibody in either preemptive or treatment modes. In acute kidney injury, anti-TGFβ reduces renal fibrosis but exacerbates inflammation and tubule damage whereas anti-IL11 reduces all pathologies. Mice with TEC-specific deletion of Il11ra1 have reduced pathogenic signaling and are protected from renal injury-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. In a model of chronic kidney disease, anti-IL11 therapy promotes TEC proliferation and parenchymal regeneration, reverses fibroinflammation and restores renal mass and function. These data highlight IL11-induced mesenchymal transition of injured TECs as an important renal pathology and suggest IL11 as a therapeutic target for restoring stalled endogenous regeneration in the diseased kidney.
Multimodal dialogue in mobile local search (2012)

Speak4itSM is a multimodal, mobile search application that provides information about local businesses. Users can combine speech and touch input simultaneously to make search queries or commands to the application. For example, a user might say, "gas stations", while simultaneously tracing a route on a touchscreen. In this demonstration, we describe the extension of our multimodal semantic processing architecture and application from a one-shot query system to a multimodal dialogue system that tracks dialogue state over multiple turns. We illustrate the capabilities and limitations of an information-state-based approach to multimodal interpretation. We provide interactive demonstrations of Speak4it on a tablet and a smartphone, and explain the challenges of supporting true multimodal interaction in a deployed mobile service.
Combining Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions to achieve ultra-low noise dynamic Brillouin strain sensing (2020)

Brillouin based fiber sensors are susceptible to a range of technical and environmental noise sources that can degrade the sensor performance or introduce unacceptable levels of crosstalk. Here, we introduce a new measurand that combines information from the complex Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions to extract the Brillouin frequency shift while suppressing noise and crosstalk originating from fluctuations in the power, frequency, or polarization state of the pump and probe beams. We then present a modified slope-assisted Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) architecture capable of simultaneously recording the gain, loss, and phase associated with both the Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions. We experimentally confirm that the sensor is able to reject noise due to laser frequency jitter, intensity noise, or polarization fading and is immune to crosstalk due to effects such as pump depletion. By suppressing these noise sources, the sensor is able to achieve a minimum detectable strain of only 15.6 nε/Hz1/2 in ∼1 km of fiber with 4 m spatial resolution and a sensor bandwidth of 25 kHz, representing a significant noise improvement compared to state-of-the-art BOTDA systems.
Three-month Storage of Human Corneas in an Active Storage Machine (2020)

By extending graft survival to 3 months, the ASM will optimize eye banking and open up new perspectives in experimental research.
Identification of differentially expressed genes induced in pancreatic islet neogenesis (1996)

Cellophane wrapping of the hamster pancreas induces islet neogenesis. We have used the mRNA differential display technique to select for genes expressed during islet neogenesis but not in control pancreata. Ten candidate clones have been identified. Upon sequencing, 6 clones showed a high degree of homology to known genes, 1 showed some, and 3 showed no homology to genes of known sequence. Thus, mRNA differential display is a useful technique to identify genes induced during islet neogenesis, and in combination with screening hamster pancreatic cDNA libraries for full length clones, will enhance the likelihood of capturing the participants in this process.
Eomesoderminlo CTLA4hi Alloreactive CD8+ Memory T Cells Are Associated With Prolonged Renal Transplant Survival Induced by Regulatory Dendritic Cell Infusion in CTLA4 Immunoglobulin–Treated Nonhuman Primates (2015)

Low Eomes and high CTLA4 expression by donor-reactive CD8+ Tmem is associated with prolonged renal allograft survival induced by DCreg infusion in CTLA4Ig-treated monkeys. Prolonged allograft survival associated with DCreg infusion may be related to maintenance of donor-reactive Eomes(lo)CTLA4(hi) Tcm.
Towards nanogram per second Coriolis mass flow sensing (2016)

We have designed, fabricated and tested a micromachined Coriolis flow sensor which can measure up to 50 μg s−1 at a maximum pressure drop of 1 bar with a zero stability of 14ng s−1 an improvement by a factor 40 compared to current state of the art Coriolis flow sensors. This resolution opens up new fields of applications which could up to now not be measured with Coriolis flow sensors.
<title>Prospects for using high-power x rays as a volumetric heat source</title> (1997)

Third-generation, high-intensity, x-ray synchrotron radiation sources are capable of producing high heat-flux x-ray beams. In many applications finding ways to handle these powers is viewed as a burden. However, there are some technological applications where the deep penetration length of the x-rays may find beneficial uses as a volumetric heat source. In this paper the authors discuss the prospects for using high power x-rays for volumetric heating and report some recent experimental results. The particular applications they focus on are welding and surface heat treatment. The radiation source is an undulator at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Results of preliminary tests on aluminum, aluminum metal matrix composites, and steel will be presented.
The Effect of Niobium Additions on the Corrosion Behavior of Zircaloy-4 (1977)

Alloying additions of 0.5 and 1.0 wt% niobium, respectively, have been added to Zircaloy-4 in an attempt to improve its high-temperature corrosion resistance. Ingots of these modified alloys were fabricated to a 0.76-mm-thick sheet via a processing sequence compatible with commercial tubing production and were given one of four different final anneals. Subsequent testing indicated that the niobium additions had little or no effect on corrosion resistance in 360°C water. In 427°C steam, however, the 0.5%-niobium addition provided increased resistance to spalling, while the 1.0%-niobium addition decreased both cumulative weight gains and post-transition corrosion rates. The weight gains exhibited by the 0.5%-niobium alloy were relatively insensitive to final heat treatment, whereas the 1.0%-niobium alloy suffered a degradation in properties as the extent of the final anneal increased. These trends in corrosion performance were subsequently correlated with the second-phase particle size distributions present in the alloys, the best performance being obtained when the mean particle diameter was <400 to 500 Å. It was concluded that both niobium additions improved the corrosion performance of Zircaloy-4 at elevated temperatures, but that the best performance was obtained at the 1.0-wt%-niobium level.
Rheology of dense-phase vibrated powders and molecular analogies (2008)

By means of a stress imposed rheometer coupled with a “vibrating cell,” generating a Brownian motion at a macroscopic scale into the samples, we have shown that dense-phase vibrated powders exhibit rheological behaviors archetypal of non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids. These behaviors have been accurately described through a free volume structural model based on simple “stick-slip” granular interactions. As a result, the evolution of the steady-state viscosity has been accurately expressed as a function of the shear rate, the frictional stress, the granular pressure, the mass of the samples, the vibration frequency, the vibration energy, the intergranular contact network mean life, and the free volume distribution. The model is consistent with Hookean, Coulombian, and Newtonian limits and is not only descriptive but also explicative and predictive of the encountered phenomena. In particular, a “time-granular temperature superposition principle,” theoretically predicted by the model, has been experimentally verified, the “granular temperature” being controlled through the vibration energy and frequency. Moreover, this superposition principle has been precisely described by a “Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann” law, leading to very close analogies with molecular systems near their glass transition point.
A spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (spin MOSFET) with a ferromagnetic semiconductor for the channel (2005)

We propose and theoretically analyze a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor type of spin transistor (spin MOSFET) employing a ferromagnetic semiconductor (FS) for the channel. A ferromagnetic Schottky junction between the FS channel and a ferromagnetic metal (FM) is used for the source and drain. The output characteristics of the spin MOSFET depend on the relative magnetization configuration of the FS channel and FM source/drain. A large magnetocurrent ratio can be obtained and it is insensitive to the drain-source bias conditions, owing to the spin-filter effect of the FS/FM Schottky junction. Furthermore, excellent transistor performance, such as high transconductance and small subthreshold swing, is predicted. A new nonvolatile memory architecture using a single spin MOSFET cell is also presented, in which the programming current can be drastically reduced using the electrical manipulation of magnetization reversal of the FS channel.
Labyrinth Seal Leakage Resistance and Visualization Experiments in a Novel, Variable-Configuration Facility (1993)

The present experimental investigation is concerned with measuring and understanding the variation of leakage resistance of stepped labyrinth seals over a wide range of geometries. Important details of the novel test facility design and operation are discussed. It was observed that several of the geometrical dimensions are often coupled in a complicated way, which produces a significant and unexpected variation in leakage resistance for a slight change in geometry. Both flow visualization and leakage resistance data were taken and analyzed in an integrated fashion. The result was an improved understanding of the mainstream path and turbulence resulting from the cavity geometry. Each of the three values of radial clearance considered here resulted in a generally different relationship between cavity configuration and leakage resistance.
Alterations in Bronchial Airway miRNA Expression for Lung Cancer Detection (2017)

We have previously shown that gene expression alterations in normal-appearing bronchial epithelial cells can serve as a lung cancer detection biomarker in smokers. Given that miRNAs regulate airway gene expression responses to smoking, we evaluated whether miRNA expression is also altered in the bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer. Using epithelial brushings from the mainstem bronchus of patients undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer (as part of the AEGIS-1/2 clinical trials), we profiled miRNA expression via small-RNA sequencing from 347 current and former smokers for which gene expression data were also available. Patients were followed for one year postbronchoscopy until a final diagnosis of lung cancer (<i>n</i> = 194) or benign disease (<i>n</i> = 153) was made. Following removal of 6 low-quality samples, we used 138 patients (AEGIS-1) as a discovery set to identify four miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-223-5p) that were downregulated in the bronchial airway of lung cancer patients (ANOVA <i>P</i> < 0.002, FDR < 0.2). The expression of these miRNAs is significantly more negatively correlated with the expression of their mRNA targets than with the expression of other nontarget genes (K-S <i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, these mRNA targets are enriched among genes whose expression is elevated in cancer patients (GSEA FDR < 0.001). Finally, we found that the addition of miR-146a-5p to an existing mRNA biomarker for lung cancer significantly improves its performance (AUC) in the 203 samples (AEGIS-1/2) serving an independent test set (DeLong <i>P</i> < 0.05). Our findings suggest that there are miRNAs whose expression is altered in the cytologically normal bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer, and that they may regulate cancer-associated gene expression differences. <i>Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 651-9. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Pre-Despreading Authenticity Verification for GPS L1 C/A Signals (2014)

The performance of GNSS receivers can be highly affected by structural interference signals such as spoofing and meaconing. The structure and power level of these signals are very similar to those of the authentic GNSS signals and as such they cannot be easily detected in the received signal set. This paper proposes a low complexity authenticity verification technique that takes advantage of the GPS signal structure in order to detect the presence of undesired structural interferences in the received signal samples. The proposed technique operates on the raw signal samples and can detect the overpowered GPS spectrum prior to signal de-spreading. This method does not need any information regarding the AGC gain and operates on digitized signal samples only. The simulation results and real data processing verify the desired performance of the proposed method even when the received signal strength (RSS) of the spoofing and authentic signals are very close to each other. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Navigation.
Development of a nasal vaccine for chronic hepatitis B infection that uses the ability of hepatitis B core antigen to stimulate a strong Th1 response against hepatitis B surface antigen (2004)

There are estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B infection worldwide. Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at risk of liver cirrhosis with associated mortality because of hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications. An important goal, therefore, is the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). A major barrier to the development of such a vaccine is the impaired immune response to HBV antigens observed in the T cells of affected patients. One strategy to overcome these barriers is to activate mucosal T cells through the use of nasal vaccination because this may overcome the systemic immune downregulation that results from HBV infection. In addition, it may be beneficial to present additional HBV epitopes beyond those contained in the traditional hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) vaccine, for example, by using the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). This is advantageous because HBcAg has a unique ability to act as a potent Th1 adjuvant to HbsAg, while also serving as an immunogenic target. In this study we describe the effect of coadministration of HBsAg and HBcAg as part of a strategy to develop a more potent and effective HBV therapeutic vaccine.
Predictive Model for Human-Unmanned Vehicle Systems (2009)

Advances in automation are making it possible for a single operator to control multiple unmanned vehicles. However, the complex nature of these teams presents a difficult and exciting challenge for designers of human–unmanned vehicle systems. To build such systems effectively, models must be developed that describe the behavior of the human–unmanned vehicle team and that predict how alterations in team composition and system design will affect the system’s overall performance. In this paper, we present a method for modeling human–unmanned vehicle systems consisting of a single operator and multiple independent unmanned vehicles. Via a case study, we demonstrate that the resulting models provide an accurate description of observed human-unmanned vehicle systems. Additionally, we demonstrate that the models can be used to predict how changes in the human-unmanned vehicle interface and the unmanned vehicles’ autonomy alter the system’s performance.