gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Merging and Spacing Operations with Continuous Descent Approaches (2006)

Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center are developing the airborne precision spacing (APS) concept to increase runway arrival throughput at capacity-constrained airports. Under APS operations, arrival capacity is increased by improving the precision of inter-arrival spacing at the runway threshold. Flight crews achieve this improved precision with the assistance of a new flight-deck system, which allows spacing operations to commence even while the aircraft and its lead are on different arrival routes to the runway. However, the increases in traffic volume that could be enabled by APS operations could also elevate noise concerns at busy airports. Noise- and fuel-efficiency concerns have independently motivated the air traffic management community to investigate continuous descent approaches (CDAs) as alternatives to traditional arrival route profiles. However, uncertainties associated with CDA operations can cause runway capacity to be sacrificed. For this reason, CDA routes have only been implemented during low-density traffic operations. In this paper, we report on current research into the integration of these two advancements, by employing APS operations to merge and space aircraft that are flying CDA arrival routes. Results obtained to date indicate that, while retaining the benefits of both techniques may be unachievable, APS operations can achieve narrow distributions of inter-aircraft spacing errors at the runway threshold for CDA routes. Analysis of the data also indicates that the spacing error distribution may be sensitive to inaccuracies in modeling the CDA trajectories for the aircraft and its lead.
Polyethylene composites containing a phase change material having a C14 straight chain hydrocarbon (2023)

A composite useful in thermal energy storage, said composite being formed of a polyethylene matrix having a straight chain alkyl hydrocarbon incorporated therein, said polyethylene being crosslinked to such a degree that said polyethylene matrix is form stable and said polyethylene matrix is capable of absorbing at least 10% by weight of said straight chain alkyl hydrocarbon; the composite is useful in forming pellets or sheets having thermal energy storage characteristics.
Design and implementation of a high power rf oscillator on a printed circuit board for multipole ion guides (2006)

Radio frequency (rf) oscillators are commonly used to drive electrodes of ion guides. In this article a rf oscillator circuit design and its implementation is presented. The printed circuit board for the rf oscillator is designed and fabricated. The performance of the circuit was tested to transfer ions through a hexapole in a matrix-assisted laser desorption∕ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometer. A comprehensive discussion of several aspects of printed circuit board design for high power and high frequency circuits is presented.
Uncertainty Management In A Rule-Based Automatic Target Recognizer (1989)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) is one of the most challenging tasks for a computer vision system. It involves the determination of objects in natural scenes in different weather conditions and in the presence of both active and passive countermeasures and battlefield contaminants. This high degree of variability introduces considerable uncertainty into the vision processes in an ATR. This mandates both a flexible control structure capable of adapting as conditions change and a method for managing the uncertainty to aggregate evidence. The desired flexibility can be achieved with a rule-based system in which the knowledge of the effects of scene content and ancillary information on algorithm choices and parameter values can be modeled and manipulated. In this paper, we describe such a system. The uncertainty is modelled by a combination of fuzzy set theory and Dempster-Shafer belief theory. Several variations of these methodologies within the rule-based structure are explored. The results are compared using sequences of forward looking infrared images.
GPUMLib: Deep Learning SOM Library for Surface Reconstruction (2017)

The evolution of 3D scanning devices and innovation in computer processing power and storage capacity has sparked the revolution of producing big point-cloud datasets. This phenomenon has becoming an integral part of the sophisticated building design process especially in the era of 4th Industrial Revolution. The big point-cloud datasets have caused complexity in handling surface reconstruction and visualization since existing algorithms are not so readily available. In this context, the surface reconstruction intelligent algorithms need to be revolutionized to deal with big point-cloud datasets in tandem with the advancement of hardware processing power and storage capacity. In this study, we propose GPUMLib – deep learning library for self-organizing map (SOM-DLLib) to solve problems involving big point-cloud datasets from 3D scanning devices. The SOM-DLLib consists of multiple layers for reducing and optimizing those big point cloud datasets. The findings show the final objects are successfully reconstructed with optimized neighborhood representation and the performance becomes better as the size of point clouds increases.
Self-induced coherent oscillations with photorefractive Bi_12SiO_20 amplifier (1985)

We report coherent oscillations due to self-induced moving gratings in photorefractive BSO crystals when recording with an external applied field. Different types of ring and phase-conjugate resonators pumped with low-incident- intensity beams and having short response times are demonstrated. The conditions permitting oscillation and the respective frequencies of the pump and the signal beams in the cavity are analyzed.
Atividade física no controle da hipertensão arterial de participantes do projeto ‘Vida Ativa’ (2008)

A hipertensao arterial sistemica representa uma das maiores causas de morbidade cardiovascular no Brasil. O treinamento fisico moderado e por outro lado um dos principais fatores de controle dessa doenca cronica. Esse estudo teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos de um protocolo de treinamento fisico moderado sobre a pressao arterial de pacientes hipertensos e pre­hipertensos. Participaram do estudo 18 pacientes (35­65 anos de idade; feminino e masculino) vinculados a Unidade Basica de Saude do bairro Bloco B, localizado em Registro­SP. Os participantes sao pre­hipertensos e hipertensos que tiveram seus dados clinicos monitorados por medicos e enfermeiros em um projeto da Secretaria de Saude de Registro­SP. As atividades fisicas foram realizadas em uma quadra anexa a Unidade Basica de Saude. Antes e apos as aulas, a pressao arterial foi mensurada por enfermeiros da UBS que utilizaram esfigmomanometros devidamente calibrados. Os dados coletados foram registrados e analisados estatisticamente por meio da analise de Variância (ANOVA), com aplicacao do teste de Bonferroni e nivel de significância estabelecido em 5%. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a atividade fisica moderada reduziu os valores pressoricos (sistolicos e diastolicos) de pacientes pre­hipertensos e hipertensos. Nosso estudo confirma a eficacia da atividade fisica sobre o controle da pressao arterial.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase and non-cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis (2010)

Meta-regression analysis results suggest that increases in HDL cholesterol up to 40% are not associated with higher non-cardiovascular death. The increase in adverse events observed in some trials where HDL cholesterol was raised in large amounts could be related with the drug mechanisms more than the HDL cholesterol increase itself.
BECon: A tool for interpreting DNA methylation findings from blood in the context of brain (2017)

Abstract Tissue differences are one of the largest contributors to variability in the human DNA methy-lome. Despite the tissue specific nature of DNA methylation, the inaccessibility of human brain samples necessitates the frequent use of surrogate tissues such as blood, in studies of associations between DNA methylation and brain function and health. Results from studies of surrogate tissues in humans are difficult to interpret in this context, as the connection between blood-brain DNA methylation is tenuous and not well documented. Here we aimed to provide a resource to the community to aid interpretation of blood based DNA methylation results in the context of brain tissue. We used paired samples from 16 individuals from three brain regions and whole blood, run on the Illumina 450K Human Methylation Array to quantify the concordance of DNA methylation between tissues. From these data we have made available metrics on: the variability of CpGs in our blood and brain samples, the concordance of CpGs between blood and brain, and estimations of how strongly a CpG is affected by cell composition in both blood and brain through the web application BECon (Blood-Brain Epigenetic Concordance; https://redgar598.shinyapps.io/BECon/ ). We anticipate that BECon will enable biological interpretation of blood based human DNA methylation results, in the context of brain.
Price Support Versus Input Subsidy for Food Self-Sufficiency in Developing Countries (1978)

Karena berbagai hal maka tercapainya ' stucsembada dalam bidang pangan telah menjadi idam-idaman kebanyakan negara di Asia Tenggara maupun di bagian Asia lainnya. Bahkan di beberapa negara hal ini telah dijadikan kebijaksanaan ataupun sasaran resmi pemerintahnya. Cara yang semantap-mantapnya untuk mencapai swasembada pangan adalah dengan diadakannya peningkatan dan perbaikan prasarana atau infrastruktur; dalam segifisik maupun institusionil atau kelembagaan. Ini berarti periuasan pengairan, digalakkannya penyuluhan, dikembangkannya penelitian dan sebagainya. Kesemuanya berimplikasi terjadinya suatu pergeseran alau perubahan dalam pola fungsi-fungsi produksi dalam suatu negara.
Active photonic integrated circuits (2005)

Recent advances in photonic integration technology on InP and related materials have enabled continued growth in the scale, performance and quality of active photonic integrated circuits. Complex widely-tunable transmitters, transceivers, and wavelength converters with state-of-the-art performance have been demonstrated.
Disk layout optimization for reducing energy consumption (2005)

Excessive power consumption is becoming a major barrier to extracting the maximum performance from high-performance parallel systems. Therefore, techniques oriented towards reducing power consumption of such systems are expected to become increasingly important in the future. Since disk systems of high-performance architectures are known to constitute a large fraction of the overall power budget, they form an important optimization target. Previous work on disk power management focuses primarily on hardware based schemes. However, since disk access pattern, i.e., the order in which disks on a system are accessed, is mainly shaped by the program code access pattern and disk layout of data, software techniques can also play a critical role in disk power management. Motivated by this observation, this paper proposes and evaluates a profile-driven disk layout optimization scheme for reducing energy consumption. The proposed scheme analyzes the array access traces obtained through profiling and determines, for each disk-resident data structure, the start disk from which the data is striped, the number of disks over which the data is striped, and the stripe unit. This paper discusses implementation details of our approach and presents an experimental evaluation of it. Our experiments with the entire suite of Spec95 floating-point benchmarks that are modified to operate on disk-resident data show that the proposed approach is very effective in reducing disk energy consumption. The results also show that the performance degradation caused by our approach is very small. This paper also compares our approach to a code restructuring based optimization mechanism and discusses how the two techniques can be combined for achieving the best results.
Origin and hysteresis of lithium compositional spatiodynamics within battery primary particles (2016)

The kinetics and uniformity of ion insertion reactions at the solid-liquid interface govern the rate capability and lifetime, respectively, of electrochemical devices such as Li-ion batteries. Using an operando x-ray microscopy platform that maps the dynamics of the Li composition and insertion rate in Li(x)FePO4, we found that nanoscale spatial variations in rate and in composition control the lithiation pathway at the subparticle length scale. Specifically, spatial variations in the insertion rate constant lead to the formation of nonuniform domains, and the composition dependence of the rate constant amplifies nonuniformities during delithiation but suppresses them during lithiation, and moreover stabilizes the solid solution during lithiation. This coupling of lithium composition and surface reaction rates controls the kinetics and uniformity during electrochemical ion insertion.
Revisiting the Corrosion of the Aluminum Current Collector in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

The corrosion of aluminum current collectors and the oxidation of solvents at a relatively high potential have been widely investigated with an aim to stabilize the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries using such components. The corrosion behavior of aluminum current collectors was revisited using a home-build high-precision electrochemical measurement system, and the impact of electrolyte components and the surface protection layer on aluminum foil was systematically studied. The electrochemical results showed that the corrosion of aluminum foil was triggered by the electrochemical oxidation of solvent molecules, like ethylene carbonate, at a relative high potential. The organic radical cations generated from the electrochemical oxidation are energetically unstable and readily undergo a deprotonation reaction that generates protons and promotes the dissolution of Al<sup>3+</sup> from the aluminum foil. This new reaction mechanism can also shed light on the dissolution of transitional metal at high potentials.
On Hit Inflation Techniques and Detection in Streams of Web Advertising Networks (2007)

Click fraud is jeopardizing the industry of Internet advertising. Internet advertising is crucial for the thriving of the entire Internet, since it allows producers to advertise their products, and hence contributes to the well being of ecommerce. Moreover, advertising supports the intellectual value of the Internet by covering the running expenses of the content publishers' sites. Some publishers are dishonest, and use automation to generate traffic to defraud the advertisers. Similarly, some advertisers automate clicks on the advertisements of their competitors to deplete their competitors' advertising budgets. In this paper, we describe the advertising network model, and discuss the issue of fraud that is an integral problem in such setting. We propose using online algorithms on aggregate data to accurately and proactively detect automated traffic, preserve surfers' privacy, while not altering the industry model. We provide a complete classification of the hit inflation techniques; and devise stream analysis techniques that detect a variety of fraud attacks. We abstract detecting the fraud attacks of some classes as theoretical stream analysis problems that we bring to the data management research community as open problems. A framework is outlined for deploying the proposed detection algorithms on a generic architecture. We conclude by some successful preliminary findings of our attempt to detect fraud on a real network.
Pretty Bad Privacy (2014)

As awareness for privacy of Domain Name System (DNS) is increasing, a number of mechanisms for encryption of DNS packets were proposed. We study the prominent defences, focusing on the privacy guarantees, interoperability with the DNS infrastructure, and the efficiency overhead. In particular:
Premature breakdown in non-fully depleted SOI/MOSFETs with body-tied-to-source structure (2002)

The authors discuss the bipolar-induced breakdown in n-channel SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFETs with BTS (body-tied-to-source) straps in terms of important device parameters of body resistance, bipolar gain, and impact ionization. It is concluded that the breakdown in BTS transistors can be explained by the bipolar effects associated with impact ionization and can be improved by controlling these three parameters, depending on specific need. The breakdown curve shape is found to depend on bipolar current-gain characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Online classification of nonstationary data streams (2002)

Most classification methods are based on the assumption that the data conforms to a stationary distribution. However, the real-world data is usually collected over certain periods of time, ranging from seconds to years, and ignoring possible changes
Performance Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System Using M -ary OAMSK Modulation Over Oceanic Turbulence (2017)

The performance of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> -ary orbital angular momentum-shift keying (OAMSK) modulation-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is investigated over oceanic turbulence with Laguerre–Gauss beam considered. On the basis of Rytov approximation, the detection probability and power distribution among the received signals are derived. The conditional probability and symbol error rate (SER) are, then, achieved by the maximum likelihood estimation. With Blahut–Arimoto algorithm, the channel capacity for this UWOC system is obtained. The results show that the optimal transmitted OAM mode set <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> is mainly restricted by the interfering energy and decaying effective energy. With the optimal mode interval achieved, the SER performances for different modulation orders <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> and the minimum required transmitting power to reach the SER of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{e} = $</tex-math></inline-formula> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−9</sup> are sensitive to the variation in oceanic turbulence conditions. Additionally, the value of capacity will shift to a higher value with the increasing <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> , and a suitable <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> should be selected to balance the transmitting power consumption and capacity gain. This work is beneficial to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> -ary OAMSK modulation-based UWOC system design.
Indoor geolocation using OFDM signals in HIPERLAN/2 wireless LANs (2002)

With the finalization of new series of IEEE 802.11 and ETSI HIPERLAN standards, it becomes very important and interesting to study the methods to integrate geolocation functionalities into the next generation wireless LANs. We investigate geolocation methods and system architectures using OFDM signals in HIPERLAN/2 wireless LANs. We propose a novel method to measure geolocation metrics by exploiting the HIPERLAN/2 MAC frame structure. Computer simulation results are presented to show the performance of the geolocation systems using OFDM signals.
Switching characteristics of an InP photonic crystal nanocavity: Experiment and theory (2013)

The dynamical properties of an InP photonic crystal nanocavity are experimentally investigated using pump-probe techniques and compared to simulations based on coupled-mode theory. Excellent agreement between experimental results and simulations is obtained when employing a rate equation model containing three time constants, that we interpret as the effects of fast carrier diffusion from an initially localized carrier distribution and the slower effects of surface recombination and bulk recombination. The variation of the time constants with parameters characterizing the nanocavity structure is investigated. The model is further extended to evaluate the importance of the fast and slow carrier relaxation processes in relation to patterning effects in the device, as exemplified by the case of all-optical wavelength conversion.
Robust operative diagnosis as problem solving in a hypothesis space (1988)

The lack of robustness in current diagnostic systems is an important research issue because it has two major consequences: inability to diagnose novel faults and inability to diagnose more than one type of fault. This paper describes an approach that formulates diagnosis of physical systems in operation (operative diagnosis) as problem solving in a hypothesis space. Such a formulation increases robustness by: (1) incremental hypotheses construction via dynamic inputs, since the fault propagation results in changes in symptoms over time; (2) reasoning at a higher level of abstraction to construct hypotheses, albeit less specific ones, when specific knowledge is not available; and (3) partitioning the space by grouping fault hypotheses according to the type of physical system representation and problem solving techniques used in their construction. The approach was implemented for aircraft subsystems and evaluated on eight actual aircraft accident cases involving engine faults, with very promising results.
Generating Multi-Sentence Abstractive Summaries of Interleaved Texts (2019)

Interleaved texts, where posts belonging to different threads occur in one sequence, are a common occurrence, e.g., online chat conversations. To quickly obtain an overview of such texts, existing systems first disentangle the posts by threads and then extract summaries from those threads. The major issues with such systems are error propagation and non-fluent summary. To address those, we propose an end-to-end trainable hierarchical encoder-decoder system. We also introduce a novel hierarchical attention mechanism which combines three levels of information from an interleaved text, i.e, posts, phrases and words, and implicitly disentangles the threads. We evaluated the proposed system on multiple interleaved text datasets, and it out-performs a SOTA two-step system by 20-40%.
Manganese(III) Acetate Initiated Oxidative Free Radical Reaction between 2‐Anilino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and Diethyl Malonate (1997)

Abstract A free radical reaction between 2‐anilino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and diethyl malonate initiated by manganese (III) acetate is described. This reaction provides a novel method for the synthesis of 5,6,11,12‐tetra‐hydro‐6,11‐dioxo‐benzo[ b ]acridines. With a meta substituent on the anilino group, this reaction shows poor to high regioselectivity depending on the steric effect of the substituents on the anilino group and malonate.