gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIM in general construction (2017)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is currently one of the fastest developing building design methods. Creation of a building using this technology involves the whole investment process, from the concept, through the design and evaluation process, to the execution and delivery of the building into operation. The main premise of the BIM technology is to design an object in 3D and then on the basis of a three–dimensional model created–generation of all design documentation.\nIn this monograph, the authors concluded a comprehensive review of the literature on the use of the BIM technology in construction industry. The basic assumptions and concepts related to the BIM are explained in the introduction. The design methodology was discussed, starting with the rules for creating objects in the BIM environment, the classification rules for these objects, and the tools that are used in a 3D design. The characteristics of the BIM environment, the topic of a model’s parameters management, and the subject of a drawing documentation were discussed. The systems of cooperation of the BIM programs with a family of CAD programs, or programs used to carry out calculations of the structural load bearing capacity of a building were described. It was discussed how each participant in the investment process can make use of BIM technology for its needs and what benefits it brings. The study part ends with a case study, in which examples of building investments using BIM technology were given.\nThe second part of the work is a description of the practical application of BIM technology–the designer’s workshop, using Tekla Structures software. The authors at the outset discuss the program environment, demonstrate how to build grids and analyze graphical interface. It was showed how to create steel elements with connections in nodes, concrete and reinforced concrete elements. Issues related to the model control, drawing and executive documentation were discussed. The monograph is ended with presentation of the Tekla BIMSight\nsoftware as a universal environment for inter–model viewing and the clashes detection.
Highly Efficient Antibacterial Surface Grafted with a Triclosan-Decorated Poly(<i>N</i>-Hydroxyethylacrylamide) Brush (2015)

This work presented a highly efficient antibacterial Ti-surface which was grafted with poly(N-hydroxyethylacrylamide) (PHEAA) brush and further decorated with triclosan (TCS). The modified surfaces were characterized using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared. The antibacterial performance of the modified surfaces was evaluated using the Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii attachment test. The Ti surface with PHEAA brush (Ti-PHEAA) was able to resist the adhesion of the bacteria, while the TCS-decorated Ti surface (Ti-TCS) showed the capability of killing the bacteria adhered on the surface. As we coupled the TCS to the PHEAA brush, the surface showed highly efficient antibacterial performance due to the combination of the resistance to the bacteria adhesion and its activity of killing bacteria.
Annotated English translation of Mereschkowsky's 1905 paper ‘Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren imPflanzenreiche’ (1999)

That plastids were once free-living cyanobacteria is now taken for granted by many, and for good reasons, for there is a wealth of data – in particular from the comparison of plastid and cyanobacterial genomes – that support this view. There is currently no seriously entertained alternative hypothesis to the view that plastids descend from cyanobacteria. But that was not always the case. Well into the 1970s there was a generally favoured alternative hypothesis, namely that early in evolution plastids arose de novo from within a non-plastid bearing cell (an autogenous origin) rather than through invasion by a cyanobacterium into a non-plastid-bearing cell with subsequent intracellular coexistence and reduction to an organelle (an endosymbiotic origin). Interestingly, the shift from autogenous to endosymbiotic hypotheses during the 1970s was a reversal of state for during the first two decades of this century, the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origins of plastids (and mitochondria, which will not be further discussed here) was very popular among biologists. It fell into disfavour shortly after the First World War, for reasons that are very difficult to summarize briefly, and remained scorned for 50 years (see Sapp, 1994, for an historical account in English, and Hoxtermann, 1998, for a succinct historical account in German). So where did the first version of the endosymbiont hypothesis come from? In a nutshell, it came from Konstantin Sergejewiz Merezkovskij (usually written as Constantin Mereschkowsky), a Russian botanist of little standing who worked at a rather small and by no means prominent university in Kasan and who published a very remarkable paper in 1905. We are not aware of any true precedent for his paper, which draws upon three lines of evidence known at the time.
Perylene, Oligorylenes, and Aza-Analogs (2015)

An in-depth discussion of the properties of perylene is presented. Tuning the properties of perylene by introducing nitrogens is also explored. Finally, we do not discuss the synthesis and properties of oligorylenes functionalized with dicarboxyimide bonds.
Vertically Aligned Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanowire Arrays on Muscovite Mica: A Demonstration of Epitaxial Growth Strategy (2010)

We report a strategy for achieving epitaxial, vertically aligned cadmium chalcogenide (CdS, CdSe, and CdTe) nanowire arrays utilizing van der Waals epitaxy with (001) muscovite mica substrate. The nanowires, grown from a vapor transport process, exhibited diameter uniformity throughout their length, sharp interface to the substrate, and positive correlation between diameter and length with preferential growth direction of [0001] for the monocrystalline wurtzite CdS and CdSe nanowires, but of [111] for zinc blende CdTe nanowires, which also featured abundant twinning boundaries. Self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid mechanism with hydrogen-assisted thermal evaporation is proposed to intepret the observations. Optical absorption from the as-grown CdSe nanowire arrays on mica at 10 K revealed intense first-order exciton absorption and its longitudinal optical phonon replica. A small Stokes shift (∼1.3 meV) was identified, suggesting the high quality of the nanowires. This study demonstrated the generality of van der Waals epitaxy for the growth of nanowire arrays and their potential applications in optical and energy related devices.
Innate immunity in early chordates and the appearance of adaptive immunity (2004)

In the urochordate Ciona intestinalis some membrane Immunoglobulin superfamily members with ancestral features of antigen receptors are homologs of vertebrate adhesion molecules acting as virus receptors. They include the following: the junction adhesion molecule (reovirus receptor) (JAM), the Cortical thymocyte marker of Xenopus (CTX family) (Coxsackie's virus receptor) and the poliovirus receptor (PVR). In humans these genes belong to the same linkage group, of which 4 paralogous groups exist. This situation is consistent with the notion that the Ciona set of genes would correspond to a preduplication state. In addition, the human region 3q13 and its paralogs, harbour genes remotely related to the nectin family that can be detected in Protostomes (human CRTAM and CD80-86 related to Drosophila Beat). In addition, this linkage group contains several CDs important for the immune system CD166, CD47 and many members of the tetraspanin family. The VC1-like core of the nectin is homologous to the VCI core of the MHC-linked tapasin and to the VC1 segments of, for example, specific antigen receptors of vertebrates, and could be related to a primitive antigen receptor gene. It is suggested that the virus binding property of the members of this family was exploited, and that they were recruited in the vertebrate immune system following the introduction of the somatic rearrangement machinery. In this way the adaptive immune system could have developed from a set of receptors involved in a primitive local innate immunity involving NF-kappaB-mediated apoptosis.
DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) (1998)

Although the number of genetic markers available for fisheries research has steadily increased in recent years, there is limited information on their relative utility. In this study, we compared the preformance of different "classes" of genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and allozymes) in terms of estimating levels and partitioning of genetic variation and of the relative accuracy and precision in estimating population allocations to mixed-stock fisheries. Individuals from eight populations of fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Yukon River in Alaska and Canada were assayed at 25 loci. Significant differences in mitochondrial haplotype and nuclear allele frequencies were observed among five drainages. Populations from the U.S.-Canada border region were not clearly distinguishable based on multilocus allele frequencies. Although estimates of total genetic diversities were higher for the DNA loci (Ht = 0.592 and h = 0.647 for nDNA and mtDNA, respectively) compared with protein allozymes (Ht = 0.250), estimates of the extent of population differentiation were highly concordant across marker classes (mean theta = 0.010, 0.011, and 0.016 for allozymes, nDNA, and mtDNA, respectively). Simulations of mixed-stock fisheries composed of varying contributions of U.S. and Canadian populations revealed a consistent bias for overallocation of Canadian stocks when expected Canadian contributions varied from 0 to 40%, due primarily to misallocations among genetically similar border populations. No single marker class is superior for differentiating populations of this species at the spatial scale examined.
The Lack of A Priori Distinctions Between Learning Algorithms (1996)

This is the first of two papers that use off-training set (OTS) error to investigate the assumption-free relationship between learning algorithms. This first paper discusses the senses in which there are no a priori distinctions between learning algorithms. (The second paper discusses the senses in which there are such distinctions.) In this first paper it is shown, loosely speaking, that for any two algorithms A and B, there are “as many” targets (or priors over targets) for which A has lower expected OTS error than B as vice versa, for loss functions like zero-one loss. In particular, this is true if A is cross-validation and B is “anti-cross-validation” (choose the learning algorithm with largest cross-validation error). This paper ends with a discussion of the implications of these results for computational learning theory. It is shown that one cannot say: if empirical misclassification rate is low, the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension of your generalizer is small, and the training set is large, then with high probability your OTS error is small. Other implications for “membership queries” algorithms and “punting” algorithms are also discussed.
A Toolset for Detecting Containerized Application's Dependencies in CaaS Clouds (2018)

There has been a dramatic increase in the popularity of Container as a Service (CaaS) clouds. The CaaS multi-tier applications could be optimized by using network topology, link or server load knowledge to choose the best endpoints to run in CaaS cloud. However, it is difficult to apply those optimizations to the public datacenter shared by multi-tenants. This is because of the opacity between the tenants and the datacenter providers: Providers have no insight into tenant's container workloads and dependencies, while tenants have no clue about the underlying network topology, link, and load. As a result, containers might be booted at wrong physical nodes that lead to performance degradation due to bi-section bandwidth bottleneck or co-located container interference. We propose 'DocMan', a toolset that adopts a black-box approach to discover container ensembles and collect information about intra-ensemble container interactions. It uses a combination of techniques such as distance identification and hierarchical clustering. The experimental results demonstrate that DocMan enables optimized containers placement to reduce the stress on bi-section bandwidth of the datacenter's network. The method can detect container ensembles at low cost and with 92% accuracy and significantly improve performance for multi-tier applications under the best of circumstances.
Keratoprosthesis (1983)

Eighteen years' experience with the Girard keratoprosthesis has shown that keratoprosthesis can be successful in visual rehabilitation of otherwise blind individuals. It is indicated in eyes which cannot be rehabilitated by human keratoplasty, i.e., chemical burns, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, severe anterior cleavage syndrome, certain injuries, and multiple graft failures. Visual results can be excellent initially but long-term follow-up shows a gradual decay in vision due to complications, i.e., conjunctival retraction, leakage, uveitis, glaucoma, retinal detachment, epithelial downgrowth, or endophthalmitis.
Use of Tape Strips to Detect Immune and Barrier Abnormalities in the Skin of Children With Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis (2019)

In this study, tape strips provide a minimally invasive alternative for serially evaluating AD-associated cutaneous biomarkers and may prove useful for tracking pediatric AD therapeutic response and predicting future course and comorbidities.
Collision Judgment When Using an Augmented-Vision Head-Mounted Display Device (2009)

Users did not substantially overestimate collision risk, as the x5 minified images had only limited impact on collision judgments either during walking or before starting to walk.
Ergonomics-Inspired Reshaping and Exploration of Collections of Models (2015)

This paper examines the following question: given a collection of man-made shapes, e.g., chairs, can we effectively explore and rank the shapes with respect to a given human body-in terms of how well a candidate shape fits the specified human body? Answering this question requires identifying which shapes are more suitable for a prescribed body, and how to alter the input geometry to better fit the shapes to a given human body. The problem links physical proportions of the human body and its interaction with object geometry, which is often expressed as ergonomics guidelines. We present an interactive system that allows users to explore shapes using different avatar poses, while, at the same time providing interactive previews of how to alter the shapes to fit the user-specified body and pose. We achieve this by first constructing a fuzzy shape-to-body map from the ergonomic guidelines to multi-contacts geometric constraints; and then, proposing a novel contact-preserving deformation paradigm to realize a reshaping to adapt the input shape. We evaluate our method on collections of models from different categories and validate the results through a user study.
Users and Bots behaviour analysis in Blockchain Social Media (2020)

Today, Online Social Networks (OSNs) represent an important communication channel in the daily life of many people in the world. OSNs are platforms where people are encouraged to interact, consume, generate, and share content with other users by establishing connections. However, they have several important issues, such as privacy and fake news, which have been the input to exploit new decentralized solution. Blockchain-based Online Social Media are decentralized Social Media where the Blockchain technology is used to reward users for their social activity. Several BOSMs have been proposed, however, their real benefits are still unknown, as is the behaviour of malicious users, such as bots and trolls. This paper proposes an analysis of the social behaviour of users and bots in Blockchain-based Online Social Media in order to highlight features that can be used in bots detection techniques. We consider Steemit as a case study because it is the most representative platform of its kind. Results show that bots are on average much more active than human users, thus suggesting that bots can be outlined using publicly available features.
A feedforward technique with frequency-dependent current mirrors for a low-voltage wideband amplifier (1996)

A feedforward technique using frequency-dependent current mirrors for a low-voltage wideband amplifier is presented. In the conventional single-stage wideband amplifiers, the folded cascode structure is used. However, the common-gate transistor requires an additional V/sub DS sat/ and reduces the available output voltage range. In this study the cascode structure is avoided; instead, a frequency-dependent current mirror, whose input impedance becomes higher for a higher frequency, is used to form the feedforward path from the input of the current mirror with a feedforward capacitor. This technique is effective to improve a 100 MHz-1 GHz frequency characteristic of the amplifier. The amplifier has been fabricated using the standard 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The phase margin is improved from 46-66/spl deg/ without sacrificing the unity gain frequency of 133 MHz compared with the amplifier without this technique. The amplifier operates at 2.5 V power supply voltage and consumes 12 mW.
Fluid Mechanics (2004)

Abstract Fluid mechanics encompasses the description and prediction of the motion of fluids. The physical principles and associated mathematical equations that are the basis of theoretical study are presented and the types of approximations employed for the study of different flow phenomena are explained. Special flow configurations and phenomena discussed include internal flows, flows near solid walls, flows past immersed bodies, free shear flows, compressible flows, flow instability and secondary flows, flows through porous media, non‐Newtonian flows and two‐phase flows. Essentials of computational fluid dynamics and flow measurement instrumentation and techniques are also presented.
Siniglee-Staagee Amnplifierr-Aideed Current Transformers Possessing Small Ratio Errors at 60 Hz (1979)

Two directly coupled electronic techniques are described which reduce significantly the burden seen by a single-stage toroidal current transformer. Almost all the power is supplied by an electronic power amplifier so that magnetizing current within the transformer is extremely small Magnetic cores of small physical size may be used with small numbers of turns. Measured ratio errors at unity ratio are approximately 10 parts per million or less at 60 Hz provided certain restrictions are satisfied with respect to dc offset voltages within the electronic amplifier used. This particular technique lends itself to the use of modern packaged linear amplifiers which may be adapted for power use. Directly coupled electronic circuitry enables the techniques to be used at lower frequencies. Ratio error measurements are described and comparison made between the actual ratio errors obtained experimentally and the theoretically predicted values.
CD93 as a Potential Target in Neovascular Age‐Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

In patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choroidal neovascularization is the major cause of severe visual loss. In these patients, the persistence of neovascular growth despite vascular endothelial growth factor-A blockage needs the discovery of new endothelial cell targets. The glycoprotein CD93, highly expressed in activated endothelial cells, has been recently involved in the regulation of the angiogenic process both as transmembrane and soluble protein. Choroidal neovascular membranes from patients affected by AMD were examined by immunofluorescence using anti-CD93 and anti-von Willebrand factor antibodies. Blood vessels within intraocular and extraocular neoplasias were used as controls for CD93 expression. All choroidal neovascular membranes displayed strong CD93 staining in the von Willebrand factor-positive endothelial cells, consistently with the analyses showing a high colocalization coefficient in the blood vessels. Intraocular and extraocular tumor vessels showed similar results, whereas the normal choroid displayed blood vessels with only faint CD93 staining. Additionally, the concentration of soluble CD93 was determined in the aqueous humor of patients affected by naïve neovascular AMD by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Age-matched cataract patients served as controls. Soluble CD93 was significantly increased in the aqueous humor of naïve neovascular AMD patients and tended to decrease after treatment with an antiangiogenic drug. In conclusion, both transmembrane and soluble CD93 are overexpressed in patients with neovascular AMD, indicating that CD93 may represent a potential new antiangiogenic target in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1767-1773, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical Characteristics of Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Wood Degraded by a Brown-rot Fungus (Lentinus lepideus) (1993)

The purpose of this study was to describe the micromorphological changes in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) wood decayed by a major brown-rot fungus, Lentinus lepideus, using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the end of the 12-week exposure to the fungus in soil block procedure(ASTM 1971), test blocks sustained 5.02% weight loss. The formation of bore hole by hyphae and penetration of hyphae through bordered pit were not observed. Instead, fungal hyphae appeared to penetrate axially tracheid luminar from the the ray cells via cross field pits. Hyphae were mainly found in lignin rich cell corner regions of tracheids, and also extensive degradation of tracheid wall occurred in this region. Extensive degradation of layer occurred without noticeable alteration of the layer, but warty layer and compound middle lamella remained relatively intact. Localized erosion, the characteristic of white rot, was observed in some cell wall and wall components including lignin were found to be decomposed.
WebTag: Web Browsing into Sensor Tags over NFC (2012)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) continue to overcome many of the challenges related to wireless sensor monitoring, such as for example the design of smarter embedded processors, the improvement of the network architectures, the development of efficient communication protocols or the maximization of the life cycle autonomy. This work tries to improve the communication link of the data transmission in wireless sensor monitoring. The upstream communication link is usually based on standard IP technologies, but the downstream side is always masked with the proprietary protocols used for the wireless link (like ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID, etc.). This work presents a novel solution (WebTag) for a direct IP based access to a sensor tag over the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology for secure applications. WebTag allows a direct web access to the sensor tag by means of a standard web browser, it reads the sensor data, configures the sampling rate and implements IP based security policies. It is, definitely, a new step towards the evolution of the Internet of Things paradigm.
Invasive nontyphoidal<i>Salmonella</i>disease in Africa: current status (2013)

Keywords:: Africabacteremiaglobal healthimmunityinvasiveneglectednontyphoidalSalmonella Typhimuriumvaccine