gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic optical interconnects using mode-multiplexing in optical fibers and volume holograms (1990)

We demonstrate ring and star architectures for dynamical interconnection of data processors. Consider a number of processors, each with an optical transmitter and receiver, interconnected by a ring of multimode fibers, using passive couplers for input and output at each station on the ring. Each transmitter includes a means for encoding a set of orthogonal spatial patterns on the transmitted beam. The output at each station, after propagation part way around the ring, is a speckle pattern which is uniquely defined by the injected spatial pattern. To program the interconnections the speckle patterns are used to write volume holograms in a photorefractive crystal at each receiver. Subsequently selecting a particular input spatial pattern results in diffraction only at the stations which have been programmed with that pattern. The interconnections can be reprogrammed in the write time of the holographic media, and switched at the update frequency of the spatial light modulator. Both fan-in and fan-out are possible. Ring and star networks with three stations have been constructed. Typical transmission losses and crosstalk to signal ratios are –21 and –25 dB, respectively.
Capillary driven and volume-metred blood-plasma separation (2015)

Blood plasma samples are widely used in clinical analysis but easy-to-use sampling methods for defined volumes are lacking. We introduce the first capillary driven microfluidic device that separates a specific volume of plasma from a blood sample of unknown volume. The input to the device is a small amount of whole blood in the range of 30–60 µl which results in a 4 µl isolated plasma sample within 3 minutes, available for subsequent processing and/or analysis, as demonstrated by collecting the sample in a paper substrate.
Idiopathic Hypocitraturic Calcium-Oxalate Nephrolithiasis Successfully Treated with Potassium Citrate (1986)

The effects of long-term treatment with potassium citrate, 30 to 80 meq/d over 2.13 +/- 0.76 (SD) years, were examined in 37 patients with "idiopathic" hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis, in whom the main causes of hypocitraturia (renal tubular acidosis, chronic diarrhea, urinary tract infection, or hypokalemia) were excluded or considered unlikely. Potassium citrate treatment produced a sustained increase in urinary citrate excretion from initially low values (223 to 253 mg/d) to within normal limits (470 to 620 mg/d). Urinary pH rose significantly and was maintained at 6.5 to 7.0. Along with these changes, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate declined significantly to normal limits. Further stone formation ceased in 89.2% of patients during treatment, and the stone formation rate declined from 2.11 +/- 5.68 to 0.28 +/- 1.30 stones/patient-year (p less than 0.01).
Synthesis and characterization of multi‐arm star‐branched polyisobutylenes (1996)

Multi-arm star-branched polyisobutylenes were synthesized by the “arm-first, core-last” method using the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane/pyridine/TiCl4 initiating system and the reactive core-forming comonomers 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIPB) and divinylbenzene (DVB). Star formation was confirmed by RI and UV GPC and static light-scattering analyses. It was determined that DVB was significantly superior to DIPB. Using DVB, star polymers formed more rapidly and contained a much lower amount of residual PIB arms. Increasing the concentration of the reactive comonomer from 1 to 10 times the concentration of chain ends, [CE], increased the efficiency of the star-forming reaction substantially. Modest increases in the fraction of PIB arms incorporated into the star could be obtained by increasing the duration of the star-forming reaction. The timing of addition of the reactive comonomer to the PIB arms seems to be the process parameter most critical to the star development, since early addition at excessively low IB conversion hinders star formation by causing a copolymerization between IB and the core-forming comonomer. Late addition risks loss of a significant fraction of PIB chains due to spontaneous β-proton expulsion. A fully developed multi-arm star-branched PIB was synthesized by utilizing 10:1 [DVB]:[CE], 24 h star-forming reaction time, 14,000 g/mol target arm Mn, and addition of DVB at 99% IB conversion. The resultant star polymer contained only 4% unreacted PIB arms and possessed Mw = 345,000 g/mol by light scattering. The weight-average number of arms per star polymer was calculated to be 23. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel Anticholinesterase and Antiamnesic Activities of Dehydroevodiamine, a Constituent of<i>Evodia rutaecarpa</i> (1996)

To find a new compound with antiamnesic activity, we screened 29 natural products for their abilities to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia. Among the plants tested Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham showed a strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase in vitro and an anti-amnesic effect in vivo. By sequential fractionation of E. rutaecarpa, the active component was finally identified as dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride (DHED). DHED inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent and non-competitive manner. The IC50 value of DHED is 37.8 microM. A single administration of DHED to rats (6.25 mg/kg) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced memory impairment in a passive avoidance test. The antiamnesic effect of DHED was more potent than that of tacrine which is the only drug for Alzheimer's disease approved by FDA. This potent antiamnesic effect of DHED was thought to be due to the combined effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the known cerebral blood flow enhancement. These results indicate that DHED has novel anti-cholinesterase and antiamnesic activities and might have therapeutic potential in various disorders including Alzheimer's disease.
Efficient Multi-Word Compare and Swap (2020)

Atomic lock-free multi-word compare-and-swap (MCAS) is a powerful tool for designing concurrent algorithms. Yet, its widespread usage has been limited because lock-free implementations of MCAS make heavy use of expensive compare-and-swap (CAS) instructions. Existing MCAS implementations indeed use at least 2k+1 CASes per k-CAS. This leads to the natural desire to minimize the number of CASes required to implement MCAS. We first prove in this paper that it is impossible to "pack" the information required to perform a k-word CAS (k-CAS) in less than k locations to be CASed. Then we present the first algorithm that requires k+1 CASes per call to k-CAS in the common uncontended case. We implement our algorithm and show that it outperforms a state-of-the-art baseline in a variety of benchmarks in most considered workloads. We also present a durably linearizable (persistent memory friendly) version of our MCAS algorithm using only 2 persistence fences per call, while still only requiring k+1 CASes per k-CAS.
Production of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins by the TEV protease (2018)

Protective immunity to viral pathogens often includes production of neutralizing antibodies to virus capsid proteins. Many viruses produce capsid proteins by expressing a precursor polyprotein and related protease from a single open reading frame. The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) expresses a 3C protease (3Cpro) that cleaves a P1 polyprotein intermediate into individual capsid proteins, but the FMDV 3Cpro also degrades many host cell proteins and reduces the viability of host cells, including subunit vaccine production cells. To overcome the limitations of using the a wild-type 3Cpro in FMDV subunit vaccine expression systems, we altered the protease restriction sequences within a FMDV P1 polyprotein to enable production of FMDV capsid proteins by the Tobacco Etch Virus NIa protease (TEVpro). Separate TEVpro and modified FMDV P1 proteins were produced from a single open reading frame by an intervening FMDV 2A sequence. The modified FMDV P1 polyprotein was successfully processed by the TEVpro in both mammalian and bacterial cells. More broadly, this method of polyprotein production and processing may be adapted to other recombinant expression systems, especially plant-based expression.
Induction of endothelin-1 gene by angiotensin and vasopressin in endothelial cells. (1992)

To elucidate the cellular mechanism of endothelin-1 biosynthesis induced by angiotensin and vasopressin, we first cloned and sequenced full-length bovine preproendothelin-1 complementary DNA (cDNA) from a cultured bovine carotid artery endothelial cell cDNA library. The predicted bovine preproendothelin-1 consists of 202 amino acid residues and has a high percentage of homology to human, porcine, and rat preproendothelin-1 (70%, 81%, and 77%, respectively). Big endothelin-1, an intermediate form, consists of 39 residues differing only at position Val28 from porcine (Ile28) and His27 from rat (Arg27). The predicted 21-residue mature endothelin-1 is identical to human, porcine, rat, canine, and mouse endothelin-1. Northern blot analysis with the cloned cDNA as a probe demonstrated that a single 2.3-kb preproendothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed not only in endothelial cells, but also in various bovine tissues, including lung, brain, heart, intestine, kidney, ovary, and urinary bladder. Angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin immediately and dose-dependently induced expression of preproendothelin-1 mRNA, whose effects were abolished by specific receptor antagonists. These findings suggest that stimulation of endothelin-1 secretion from endothelial cells by both agonists may be principally due to induction of preproendothelin-1 mRNA.
[Chemical and pharmacological research on derivatives of 1H-naphto/2,1-b/pyran. IV. Substituted 1-oxo-3-dialkylamino-1H-naphto/2,1-b/pyrans]. (1975)

Reaction of N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides with substituted beta-naphthols in 3 or 6 or 7 positions with halogen, alkyl, methoxycarbonyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, led to the formation of 1-oxo-3-dialkylamino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans bearing substituents in 5 or 8 or 9 positions, respectively. Moreover, on account of the chemical nature of such substituents, suitable chemical transformations of these compounds afforded some other 1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran derivatives. Pharmacological tests showed that anticonvulsant activity was improved by introduction of methoxy or ethoxy group in 9 position of several 1-oxo-3-dialkylamino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans.
A Compact Filtering Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Wide Bandwidth and High Gain (2016)

A rectangular filtering dielectric resonator antenna (FDRA) with low profile, wide bandwidth, and high gain is first investigated in this communication. It is fed by a microstrip-coupled slot from bottom, with open stub of the microstrip feedline elaborately designed to provide two radiation nulls at band edges for a filtering function. A separation is introduced in the slot to provide a good suppression level in lower stopband, while two parasitic strips are parallelly added to the microstrip feedline to offer good suppression in the upper stopband, and consequently, a compact FDRA with a quasi-elliptic bandpass response is obtained without involving specific filtering circuits. Based on the design, a modified DRA fed by a pair of separated slots is proposed to further enhance the gain by ~4 dB. A prototype operating at 5 GHz has been fabricated and measured for demonstration. The reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, and the antenna gain are studied, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed. The prototype has a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 20.3%, an average gain of 9.05 dBi within passband, and an out-of-band suppression level of more than 25 dB within a wide stopband.
Accounting for Poisson noise in the multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS spectrum images (2004)

Abstract Recent years have seen the introduction of many surface characterization instruments and other spectral imaging systems that are capable of generating data in truly prodigious quantities. The challenge faced by the analyst, then, is to extract the essential chemical information from this overwhelming volume of spectral data. Multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and other forms of factor analysis promise to be among the most important and powerful tools for accomplishing this task. In order to benefit fully from multivariate methods, the nature of the noise specific to each measurement technique must be taken into account. For spectroscopic techniques that rely upon counting particles (photons, electrons, etc.), the observed noise is typically dominated by ‘counting statistics’ and is Poisson in nature. This implies that the absolute uncertainty in any given data point is not constant, rather, it increases with the number of counts represented by that point. Performing PCA, for instance, directly on the raw data leads to less than satisfactory results in such cases. This paper will present a simple method for weighting the data to account for Poisson noise. Using a simple time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry spectrum image as an example, it will be demonstrated that PCA, when applied to the weighted data, leads to results that are more interpretable, provide greater noise rejection and are more robust than standard PCA. The weighting presented here is also shown to be an optimal approach to scaling data as a pretreatment prior to multivariate statistical analysis. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<i>Ab initio</i>prediction of helical segments in polypeptides (2001)

An ab initio method has been developed to predict helix formation for polypeptides. The approach relies on the systematic analysis of overlapping oligopeptides to determine the helical propensity for individual residues. Detailed atomistic level modeling, including entropic contributions, and solvation/ionization energies calculated through the solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, is utilized. The calculation of probabilities for helix formation is based on the generation of ensembles of low energy conformers. The approach, which is easily amenable to parallelization, is shown to perform very well for several benchmark polypeptide systems, including the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, the immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G, the chymotrypsin inhibitor 2, the R69 N-terminal domain of phage 434 repressor, and the wheat germ agglutinin.
How we test Siemens Embedded DRAM Cores (2002)

The techniques used to test Siemens Embedded DRAM Cores are described. Test Isolation and Design-For-Test logic is built in to the core interface, while external access and Algorithmic Pattern Generation are handled by a central Test Controller. All tests used for standard DRAM's can be applied to the DRAM cores, but only a subset of these are used for any given product.
Terahertz near-field interferometric and synthetic aperture imaging (2004)

The imaging properties of planar, spherical, and circular interferometric imaging arrays are examined in the near-field region limit. In this region, spherical and circular array architectures can compensate for near-field distortions and increase the field of view and depth of focus. The application of near-field interferometric imaging to the Terahertz frequency range for detection of concealed objects is emphasized.
B cell receptors in TCL1 transgenic mice resemble those of aggressive, treatment-resistant human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2006)

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a clonal overgrowth of CD5(+) B lymphocytes. In this disease, the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is intimately linked to disease severity, because patients with BCRs, comprised of unmutated V(H) genes, follow a much more aggressive course. This and related observations suggest that B-CLL derives from a B cell subset comprised of restricted BCR structural diversity and that antigen-selection and drive are major factors promoting the disease. Nevertheless, the initiating event(s) that lead to the development of B-CLL are still unclear, in part because of the lack of an animal model that spontaneously evolves the molecular abnormalities that occur in the human disease. Because overexpression of the TCL1 gene in murine B cells leads to a CD5(+) B cell lymphoproliferative disorder with many of the features of human B-CLL, we studied leukemias emerging in these mice to examine the extent to which their BCRs resemble those in B-CLL. Our data indicate that the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain rearrangements in TCL1 mice display minimal levels of somatic mutations and exhibit several molecular features found in the human disease. Like human B-CLL, TCL1 leukemic rearrangements from different mice can be very similar structurally and closely resemble autoantibodies and antibodies reactive with microbial antigens. Antigen-binding analyses confirm that selected TCL1 clones react with glycerophospholipid, lipoprotein, and polysaccharides that can be autoantigens and be expressed by microbes. This (auto)antigen-driven mouse model reliably captures the BCR characteristics of aggressive, treatment-resistant human B-CLL.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized muscle enhance neurite growth (2012)

The success of peripheral nerve regeneration is governed by the rate and quality of axon bridging and myelination that occurs across the damaged region. Neurite growth and the migration of Schwann cells is regulated by neurotrophic factors produced as the nerve regenerates, and these processes can be enhanced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which also produce neurotrophic factors and other factors that improve functional tissue regeneration. Our laboratory has recently identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that can be harvested from traumatized muscle tissue debrided and collected during orthopaedic reconstructive surgery. The objective of this study was to determine whether the traumatized muscle-derived MPCs exhibit neurotrophic function equivalent to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Similar gene- and protein-level expression of specific neurotrophic factors was observed for both cell types, and we localized neurogenic intracellular cell markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nestin) to a subpopulation of both MPCs and MSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the MPC-secreted factors were sufficient to enhance in vitro axon growth and cell migration in a chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) model. Finally, DRGs in co-culture with the MPCs appeared to increase their neurotrophic function via soluble factor communication. Our findings suggest that the neurotrophic function of traumatized muscle-derived MPCs is substantially equivalent to that of the well-characterized population of bone marrow-derived MPCs, and suggest that the MPCs may be further developed as a cellular therapy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration.
N-(Carboxymethyl)-N-[3,5-bis(decyloxy)phenyl]glycine (Ro 23-9358): a potent inhibitor of secretory phospholipases A2 with antiinflammatory activity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-(Carboxymethyl)-N-[3,5-bis(decyloxy)phenyl]glycine (Ro 23-9358): a potent inhibitor of secretory phospholipases A2 with antiinflammatory activityRonald A. LeMahieu, Mathew Carson, Ru Jen Han, Vincent S. Madison, William C. Hope, Ting Chen, Douglas W. Morgan, and H. Stewart HendricksonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 20, 3029–3031Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00072a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00072a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Observation of Atomic Steps by Reflection Electron Holography (1988)

Reflection electron holography has been carried out successfully for the first time. Two regions in a reflection electron image of a Pt(111) surface at glancing angle incidence are overlapped by means of an electron biprism to form an off-axis electron hologram. The optically reconstructed interferogram displays the phase distribution of the diffracted electron wave which reflects surface topography. This method has been proved to have high sensitivity of the order of 0.01 nm for quantitatively measuring surface undulation by observing mono-atomic-height surface steps.
Laser-produced plasma light source for EUVL (2009)

This paper is devoted to the development of laser produced plasma (LPP) EUV source architecture for advanced lithography applications in high volume manufacturing of integrated circuits. The paper describes the development status of subsystems most critical to the performance to meet scanner manufacturer requirements for power and debris mitigation. Spatial and temporal distributions of the radiation delivered to the illuminator of the scanner are important parameters of the production EUV tool, this paper reports on these parameters measured at the nominal repetition rate of the EUV source. The lifetime of the collector mirror is a critical parameter in the development of extreme ultra-violet LPP lithography sources. Deposition of target material and contaminants as well as sputtering and implantation of incident particles can reduce the reflectivity of the mirror coating substantially over time during exposure even though debris mitigation schemes are being employed. We report on progress of life-test experiments of exposed 1.6sr collectors using a Sn LPP EUV light source. The erosion of MLM coating is caused mostly by the high-energy ions generated from the plasma. In this manuscript the ion distribution measured at small (14 degree) and medium (45 degree) angles to the laser beam are presented. The measurements show that the chosen combination of the CO2 laser and Sn droplet targets is characterized by fairly uniform angular ion energy distribution. The maximum ion energy generated from the plasma is in the range of 3-3.5 keV for all incident angles of the collector. The measured maximum energy of the ions is significantly less than that measured and simulated for plasmas generated by short wavelength lasers (1 μm). The separation of ions with different charge states was observed when a retarding potential was applied to the Faraday Cup detector.