gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PATIENT-SPECIFIC INSTRUMENTS FOR TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE WITH AN OPEN PLATFORM (2016)

Introduction Total knee arthroplasty is the standard treatment for advanced knee osteoarthritis. Patient-specific instrument (PSI)has been reported by several authors using different techniques produced by implant companies. The implant manufacturers produce PSI exclusively for their own knee implants and for easy straightforward cases. However, the PSI has become very expensive and unusable as a universal or an open platform. In addition, planning the implant is done by technicians and not by surgeons and needs long waiting time before surgery (6 weeks). Methods We proposed a new technique which is a device and method for preparing a knee joint in a patient undergoing TKA surgery of any knee implant (prosthesis). The device is patient specific, based on a method comprised of image-based 3D preoperative planning (CT, MRI or computed X-ray) to design the templates (PSI) that are used to perform the knee surgery by converting them to physical templates using computer-aided manufacturing such as computer numerical control (CNC) or additive-manufacturing technologies. The device and method are used for preparing a knee joint in a universal and open-platform fashion for any currently available knee implant. Results All patient-specific implants and any knee implant could be produced. The technique was applied on NExGen implant (Zimmer)on 21 patients, PFC implant (Depuy, J & J) on 5 patients, Scorpio NRG implant (Stryker) on 24 patients and SLK Evo implant (Implant International) on 81 patients. The >15 degrees varus gave a mean of 10.44 degrees in 56.67% of cases and the 20 gave a mean of 31.87 degrees in 24.7% of cases. Discussion The system is based on CT images, generic data of implant sizes, average bone geometry and standard TKA parameters for bone cutting, mechanical axis and rotation (e.g., zero-degree coronal cut, adjustable posterior slope, femoral flexion, epicondylar axis, no notching or overhang, etc.). The method of planning and completing virtual surgery of TKA includes several steps based on 3D reconstruction and segmentation of computed tomography (CT) or MRI scan data. The universal device and method are suitable to be used for any commercially and currently available knee implant. They are used for all on-shelf implants and all patient-specific instruments. The device is specifically designed for TKA and the planning is based on the 3D files of a universal TKA prosthesis. There are four standard sizes of the universal TKA prosthesis which were built depending on the average bone geometry. These 4 sizes are 55, 60, 65 and 70 mm. These sizes are consistent with the six most common implants available today: NexGen Zimmer, PFC Depuy, Sigma Knee, Triathlon Stryker, Vanguard Biomet, and Smith & Nephew Proflex. However, for extreme cases, one size above or below the maximum and minimum range can be used. The device has 2 parts: a femoral part and a tibial part, both of which are independent of any commercially available knee implant.
Shift-encoded optically multiplexed imaging (2017)

In a multiplexed image, multiple fields-of-view (FoVs) are superimposed onto a common focal plane. The attendant gain in sensor FoV provides a new degree of freedom in the design of an imaging system, allowing for performance tradeoffs not available in traditional optical designs. We explore design choices relating to a shift-encoded optically multiplexed imaging system and discuss their performance implications. Unlike in a traditional imaging system, a single multiplexed image has a fundamental ambiguity regarding the location of objects in the image. We present a system that can shift each FoV independently to break this ambiguity and compare it to other potential disambiguation techniques. We then discuss the optical, mechanical, and encoding design choices of a shift-encoding midwave infrared imaging system that multiplexes six 15×15 deg FoVs onto a single one megapixel focal plane. Using this sensor, we demonstrate a computationally demultiplexed wide FoV video.
The effects of nitrogen implant into gate electrode on the characteristics of dual-gate MOSFETs with ultra-thin oxide and oxynitrides (2002)

Nitrogen implantation into the polysilicon gate has been proposed as a means of suppressing boron penetration through the thin gate oxide in surface-channel PMOSFETs. However, a detailed study of the process tradeoffs among various performance parameters such as oxide reliability and transistor performance, and the physical mechanism of how nitrogen suppresses boron diffusion are still not well developed. This paper investigates the effects of nitrogen implantation condition (dosage and energy), gate dielectrics (O/sub 2/, vs. N/sub 2/O), dopant species (B, BF/sub 2/ and As) and gate microstructure (as-deposited amorphous vs, polycrystalline) on the characteristics of ultra-thin gate oxide (45 /spl Aring/) MOSFETs. It is found that in addition to suppressing threshold voltage shifts due to boron diffusion through the thin gate oxide, nitrogen implantation improves the oxide reliability in devices with p+ poly gates. The nitrogen within the polysilicon increases the poly depletion effect as well as non-silicided gate sheet resistance. However, with proper optimization, PMOSFET transconductance is unchanged, while oxide reliability is greatly enhanced.
18.4: Low Fill‐Factor Wire Grid Polarizers for LCD Backlighting (2005)

Abstract Design rules for wire grid polarizers, used as polarizing beamsplitters and reflective polarizers for polarization recycling, are found to be different. Wire grid polarizers with low fill factors of ∼0.18–0.25 are found to be more efficient in polarization recycling than regular polarizers with fill factors of ∼0.4–0.6.
Self-Locking Optoelectronic Tweezers for Single-Cell and Microparticle Manipulation across a Large Area in High Conductivity Media (2016)

Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) has advanced within the past decade to become a promising tool for cell and microparticle manipulation. Its incompatibility with high conductivity media and limited throughput remain two major technical challenges. Here a novel manipulation concept and corresponding platform called Self-Locking Optoelectronic Tweezers (SLOT) are proposed and demonstrated to tackle these challenges concurrently. The SLOT platform comprises a periodic array of optically tunable phototransistor traps above which randomly dispersed single cells and microparticles are self-aligned to and retained without light illumination. Light beam illumination on a phototransistor turns off the trap and releases the trapped cell, which is then transported downstream via a background flow. The cell trapping and releasing functions in SLOT are decoupled, which is a unique feature that enables SLOT's stepper-mode function to overcome the small field-of-view issue that all prior OET technologies encountered in manipulation with single-cell resolution across a large area. Massively parallel trapping of more than 100,000 microparticles has been demonstrated in high conductivity media. Even larger scale trapping and manipulation can be achieved by linearly scaling up the number of phototransistors and device area. Cells after manipulation on the SLOT platform maintain high cell viability and normal multi-day divisibility.
Monte-Carlo-based model for the extraction of intrinsic fluorescence from turbid media (2008)

A Monte-Carlo-based model of fluorescence is developed that is capable of extracting the intrinsic fluorescence properties of tissue, which are independent of the absorption and scattering properties of tissue. This model is flexible in its applicability to different illumination-collection geometries and is also valid for a wide range of optical properties, representative of tissue in the UV-visible spectrum. This is potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications, including cancer diagnostics and monitoring the physiological response to therapy. The model is validated using phantoms composed of hemoglobin (absorber), polystyrene spheres (scatterer), and furan-2 (fluorophore). It is found that this model is able to retrieve the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the tissue phantoms and recover the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of furan within the phantoms to within a mean error of less than 10%.
Oriented active shape models (2006)

Active Shape Models (ASM) are widely employed for recognizing anatomic structures and for delineating them in medical images. In this paper, we present a novel strategy called Oriented Active Shape Models (OASM) in an attempt to overcome the following three major limitations of ASM: (1) poor delineation accuracy, (2) the requirement of a large number of landmarks, (3) the problem of sensitivity to search range to recognize the object boundary. OASM effectively combines the rich statistical shape information embodied in ASM with the boundary orientedness property and the globally optimal delineation capability of the live wire methodology of boundary segmentation. The latter allow live wire to effectively separate an object boundary from other non object boundaries with similar properties that come very close in the image domain. Our approach leads us to a 2-level dynamic programming method, wherein the first level corresponds to boundary recognition and the second level corresponds to boundary delineation. Our experiments in segmenting breast, liver, bones of the foot, and cervical vertebrae of the spine in MR and CT images indicate the following: (1) The accuracy of segmentation via OASM is considerably better than that of ASM. (2) The number of landmarks can be reduced by a factor of 3 in OASM over that in ASM. (3) OASM becomes largely independent of search range. All three benefits of OASM ensue mainly from the severe constraints brought in by the boundary-orientedness property of live wire and the globally optimal solution of dynamic programming.
Attenuation of encrustation by self-assembled inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles (2014)

Ureteral stents and urethral catheters are commonly used medical devices for maintaining urinary flow. However, long-term placement (>30 days) of these devices in the urinary tracts is limited by the development of encrustation, a phenomenon that holds a prevalence of 50% within this patient population, resulting in a great deal of morbidity to the patients. Here we report the influence of surface coating of an all-silicone catheter with rhenium-doped fullerene-like molybdenum disulfide (Re:IF-MoS2) nanoparticles on the growth and attachment of in vitro encrustation stones. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated a remarkable attenuation in encrustation occupation on the Re:IF-MoS2-coated catheter surfaces compared to neat catheters. The doped nanoparticles displayed a unique tendency to self-assemble into mosaic-like arrangements, modifying the surface to be encrustation-repellent. The mechanism of encrustation retardation on the surface coated catheters is discussed in some detail. The ramification of these results for the clogging of other body indwelling devices is briefly discussed.
People Counting Based on an IR-UWB Radar Sensor (2017)

In this paper, we propose a people counting algorithm using an impulse radio ultra-wideband radar sensor. The proposed algorithm is based on a strategy of understanding the pattern of the received signal according to the number of people, not detecting each of a large number of people in the radar's received signal. To understand the pattern of the signal, we detect the major clusters from the signal and find the amplitudes of main pulses having the maximum amplitude among the pulses constituting each cluster. We generate a probability density function of the amplitudes of the main pulses from the major clusters according to the number of people and distances. Then, we derive maximum likelihood (ML) equation for people counting. Using the derived ML equation, real-time people counting is possible with a small amount of computation. In addition, since the proposed algorithm does not detect individual clusters for each person but based on the overall cluster behavior of the signals according to the number of people, it enables people counting even in a dense multipath environment, such as a metal-rich environment. In order to prove that the proposed algorithm can be operated in real time in various environments, we performed experiments in an indoor environment and an elevator with a metal structure. Experimental results show that people counting is performed with an mean absolute error of less than one person on average.
Respiratory triggered 4D cone‐beam computed tomography: A novel method to reduce imaging dose (2013)

Simulation studies have shown that RT 4D CBCT reduces imaging dose while maintaining comparable image quality for phase based 4D CBCT; image quality is degraded for displacement based RT 4D CBCT in its current implementation.
Manual for Using Homomorphic Encryption for Bioinformatics (2017)

Biological data science is an emerging field facing multiple challenges for hosting, sharing, computing on, and interacting with large data sets. Privacy regulations and concerns about the risks of leaking sensitive personal health and genomic data add another layer of complexity to the problem. Recent advances in cryptography over the last five years have yielded a tool, homomorphic encryption, which can be used to encrypt data in such a way that storage can be outsourced to an untrusted cloud, and the data can be computed on in a meaningful way in encrypted form, without access to decryption keys. This paper introduces homomorphic encryption to the bioinformatics community, and presents an informal “manual” for using the Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library (SEAL), which we have made publicly available for bioinformatic, genomic, and other research purposes.
Localization of Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) in Human Tissues: Clinical Evaluation of Serum MFAP4 and Its Association with Various Cardiovascular Conditions (2013)

Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is located in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We sought to identify tissues with high levels of MFAP4 mRNA and MFAP4 protein expression. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the significance of MFAP4 as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to correlate MFAP4 with other known ECM markers, such as fibulin-1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteopontin (OPN). Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that MFAP4 mRNA was more highly expressed in the heart, lung, and intestine than in other elastic tissues. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated high levels of MFAP4 protein mainly at sites rich in elastic fibers and within blood vessels in all tissues investigated. The AlphaLISA technique was used to determine serum MFAP4 levels in a clinical cohort of 172 patients consisting of 5 matched groups with varying degrees of CVD: 1: patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 2: patients with non-STEMI, 3: patients destined for vascular surgery because of various atherosclerotic diseases (stable atherosclerotic disease), 4: apparently healthy individuals with documented coronary artery calcification (CAC-positive), and 5: apparently healthy individuals without signs of coronary artery calcification (CAC-negative). Serum MFAP4 levels were significantly lower in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease than CAC-negative individuals (p<0.05). Furthermore, lower serum MFAP4 levels were present in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease compared with STEMI and non-STEMI patients (p<0.05). In patients with stable atherosclerotic disease, positive correlations between MFAP4 and both fibulin-1 (ρ = 0.50; p = 0.0244) and OPG (ρ = 0.62; p = 0.0014) were found. Together, these results indicate that MFAP4 is mainly located in elastic fibers and is highly expressed in blood vessels. The present study suggests that serum MFAP4 varies in groups of patients with different cardiovascular conditions. Further studies are warranted to describe the role of serum MFAP4 as a biomarker of stable atherosclerotic disease.
Application influenced policy for filtering and gating the data flow in a quality of service connection between a remote host and a host-user equipment session (2001)

A method of filtering and gating data flow in a QoS connection between a remote host and user equipment in a packet data network using policy control mechanisms includes a remote host initiating an ...
Action Segmentation with Joint Self-Supervised Temporal Domain Adaptation (2020)

Despite the recent progress of fully-supervised action segmentation techniques, the performance is still not fully satisfactory. One main challenge is the problem of spatiotemporal variations (e.g. different people may perform the same activity in various ways). Therefore, we exploit unlabeled videos to address this problem by reformulating the action segmentation task as a cross-domain problem with domain discrepancy caused by spatio-temporal variations. To reduce the discrepancy, we propose Self-Supervised Temporal Domain Adaptation (SSTDA), which contains two self-supervised auxiliary tasks (binary and sequential domain prediction) to jointly align cross-domain feature spaces embedded with local and global temporal dynamics, achieving better performance than other Domain Adaptation (DA) approaches. On three challenging benchmark datasets (GTEA, 50Salads, and Breakfast), SSTDA outperforms the current state-of-the-art method by large margins (e.g. for the F1@25 score, from 59.6% to 69.1% on Breakfast, from 73.4% to 81.5% on 50Salads, and from 83.6% to 89.1% on GTEA), and requires only 65% of the labeled training data for comparable performance, demonstrating the usefulness of adapting to unlabeled target videos across variations. The source code is available at https://github.com/cmhungsteve/SSTDA.
Preparation, Characterization and Performances of Powdered Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Bulk Polymerization (2014)

A polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was synthesized in a non-solvent system with bulk polymerization and then was pulverized into powdered form to achieve a rapid transportation and convenient preparation. PCE synthesized by using isopentenyl polyethylene glycol (TPEG) or isobutenyl polyethylene glycol (IPEG) as a macromonomer exhibited the best fluidities and retaining properties at 80 °C and 75 °C, respectively. Besides, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was suitable as an initiator, and the fumaric acid was suitable as the third monomer. The test results of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) confirmed the occurrences of polymerization, and the measurement results of molecular weight and distribution showed that PCE molecular weight characteristics were in accordance with their fluidity properties in cement paste. The application performances in cement showed that PCEs with the best paste fluidity retentions had the longest final setting time and the shortest setting time interval, and the PCEs with good fluidity properties can obviously delay the hydration process and lower the hydration heat. Accordingly, this is a novel, energy-saving and economical method to prepare powdered PCE in the field of concrete admixtures.
Functional Characterization of XendoU, the Endoribonuclease Involved in Small Nucleolar RNA Biosynthesis (2005)

XendoU is the endoribonuclease involved in the biosynthesis of a specific subclass of Xenopus laevis intron-encoded small nucleolar RNAs. XendoU has no homology to any known cellular RNase, although it has sequence similarity with proteins tentatively annotated as serine proteases. It has been recently shown that XendoU represents the cellular counterpart of a nidovirus replicative endoribonuclease (NendoU), which plays a critical role in viral replication and transcription. In this paper, we combined prediction and experimental data to define the amino acid residues directly involved in XendoU catalysis. Specifically, we find that XendoU residues Glu-161, Glu-167, His-162, His-178, and Lys-224 are essential for RNA cleavage, which occurs in the presence of manganese ions. Furthermore, we identified the RNA sequence required for XendoU binding and showed that the formation of XendoU-RNA complex is Mn2+-independent.
The Service Adaptation Machine (2008)

The reuse of software services often requires the introduction of adapters. In the case of coarse-grained services, and especially services that engage in long-running conversations, these adapters must deal not only with mismatches at the level of individual interactions, but also across interdependent interactions. Existingtechniques support the synthesis of adapters at design-time by comparing pairs of service interfaces. However, these techniques only work under certain restrictions. This paper explores a runtime approach to service interface adaptation. The paper proposes an adaptation machine that sits between pairs of services and manipulates the exchanged messages according to a repository of mapping rules. The paper formulates an operational semantics for the adaptation machine, including algorithms to compute rule firing sequences and criteria for detecting deadlocks and information loss. The adaptation machine has been implemented as a prototype andtested on common business processes.
Widely tunable laser diodes with tapered index perturbationsfor reduced internal reflections and improved wavelength access (1996)

The wavelength selectivity of widely tunable laser diodes is usually too weak to enable access to all longitudinal modes. This is because internal reflections may randomly suppress individual modes. The authors show for codirectionally mode coupled lasers, that by tapering the index discontinuities, a marked reduction of the reflections by 2-4 orders of magnitude is possible without affecting the codirectional mode coupling.
A Mathematical Model of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis (2010)

This novel model of RCA shows excellent accuracy in predicting systemic, pre- and postdialyzer Ca(2+) concentrations and may prove valuable in both research and clinical applications of RCA.
Fiber-optic strain gauge (1989)

Prototype fiber-optic strain gauges consisting of plastic fibers containing permanent microbends were fabricated and various properties were measured. Their strain sensitivity as a function of microbend amplitude is shown, and their transduction mechanism, which is primarily the drop in microbend amplitude under tension and the corresponding increase in the fibers' optical transmission, is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Negative Poisson’s Ratio Weft-knitted Fabrics (2009)

This paper presents a study of using weft-knitting technology to fabricate negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) knitted fabrics, which exhibit the unusual property of becoming wider when stretched. Based on a geometrical analysis of a three-dimensional NPR structure constructed with parallelogram planes of the same shape and size, a new kind of NPR weft-knitted fabric was firstly designed and fabricated on a computerized flat-knitting machine. Then the NPR values of these fabrics were evaluated and compared with those from the theoretical calculations. The results show that all knitted fabrics have the NPR effect, which decreases with increased strain in the course direction. This variation trend is consistent with the theoretical prediction. The results also show that the main structure parameter affecting the NPR effect of a fabric is the opening angle at its initial state. Fabric with a smaller opening angle will have higher NPR values. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating NPR-knitted fabrics by using weft-knitting technology if a suitable structure and parameters are selected.