gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
165 EFFECTS OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON <i>IN VITRO</i> DEVELOPMENT AND THE INTRACELLULAR OXIDATIVE STATE OF <i>IN VITRO</i> -PRODUCED PORCINE EMBRYOS (2005)

The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of glucose addition during Days 0 to 2 (the day of in vitro fertilization was defined as Day 0) on the developmental competence, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and glutathione (GSH) concentration of in vitro -produced pig embryos. Zygotes were obtained as reported previously (Kikuchi et al. 2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 1033-1041), and cultured in NCSU-37 supplemented with 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 10, and 20 mM glucose (glucose groups) or in NCSU-37 supplemented with 0.17 mM pyruvate and 2.73 mM lactate (Pyr/Lac group) from Days 0 to 2. Subsequently, embryos in all groups were then cultured in NCSU-37 added with 5.5 mM glucose until Day 6. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and are presented as percentage for blastocyst rate and as mean ± SEM for blastocyst cell number. The blastocyst rates and blastocyst cell numbers in glucose groups were significantly lower compared to those in the Pyr/Lac group (blastocyst rate: 5.2, 13.8, 12.6, 16.3, and 13.5%, respectively, vs. 26.3%); blastocyst cell number: 41.8 ± 3.2, 41.6 ± 2.3, 42.2 ± 3.2, 43.0 ± 3.3, and 39.2 ± 2.8, respectively, vs. 52.7 ± 4.1). The ROS levels of Day 1 embryos were significantly higher when they were exposed to glucose, whereas the ROS levels of Day 2 embryos were higher only in the 1.5 mM and 3.5 mM glucose groups, compared to levels in embryos in Pyr/Lac group. There were no differences in the GSH concentrations of Day 1 embryos among the glucose groups and the Pyr/Lac group. Of Day 2 embryos, the GSH concentration was significantly lower only in 1.5 mM glucose group, compared to that in embryos in the Pyr/Lac group. These results indicate that (1) the presence of glucose during the first 2 days of culture causes a decrease in the development of in vitro -produced embryos to the blastocyst stage, which might be related to the rise in ROS generation in Day 1 embryos; and (2) except for the 1.5 mM glucose group, the ability of Day 2 embryos in glucose groups to maintain GSH concentration at levels needed for their development might provide them with preferable intracellular conditions for the development to the blastocyst stage.
Photorefractive damage in LiNbO3 thin-film optical waveguides grown by liquid phase epitaxy (1994)

Photorefractive damage in LiNbO3 thin film optical waveguides grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) was evaluated by the in-plane scattering method at the irradiation wavelength of 514 nm. We were particularly interested in comparing films grown from a Li2O–B2O3 flux and a Li2O–V2O5 flux, and investigating the effect of Mg and Fe doping. Two powerful tools were used for data analysis: the Glass model and the ray model, which estimates the refractive index change. The LPE film grown from the Li2O–B2O3 flux showed a much higher resistance to photorefractive damage than the LPE film grown from the Li2O–V2O5 flux. The photorefractive effect was suppressed by Mg doping and enhanced by Fe doping as in the bulk crystal. The refractive index change in the 0.7 mol % Mg-doped LPE film grown from the Li2O–B2O3 flux was small enough (10−5 at most) to induce no beam fanning. Conventional Ti-indiffused, H+-exchanged, and annealed H+-exchanged waveguides were used as reference samples.
Blue Lasers Move Deeper Into Applications (2020)

Abstract In the few years that blue lasers have been on the market, they have demonstrated unprecedented materials processing capabilities. Blue lasers bring unmatched speed and quality to the welding of copper, aluminum, and other reflective metals, and those advantages are being applied to consumer electronics, battery fabrication, and e‐mobility production. The latest improvements in power and brightness allow the blue laser to be seamlessly integrated into standard scanning systems, opening up an even wider range of applications.
Mostly concurrent garbage collection revisited (2003)

The mostly concurrent garbage collection was presented in the seminal paper of Boehm et al. With the deployment of Java as a portable, secure and concurrent programming language, the mostly concurrent garbage collector turned out to be an excellent solution for Java's garbage collection task. The use of this collector is reported for several modern production Java Virtual Machines and it has been investigated further in academia.In this paper, we present a modification of the mostly concurrent collector, which improves the throughput, the memory footprint, and the cache behavior of the collector without foiling the other good qualities (such as short pauses and high scalability). We implemented our solution on the IBM production JVM and obtained a performance improvement of up to 26.7%, a reduction in the heap consumption by up to 13.4%, and no substantial change in the (short) pause times. The modified algorithm was subsequently incorporated into the IBM production JVM.
DeBGUer: A Tool for Bug Prediction and Diagnosis (2019)

In this paper, we present the DeBGUer tool, a web-based tool for prediction and isolation of software bugs. DeBGUer is a partial implementation of the Learn, Diagnose, and Plan (LDP) paradigm, which is a recently introduced paradigm for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the software bug detection and correction process. In LDP, a diagnosis (DX) algorithm is used to suggest possible explanations – diagnoses – for an observed bug. If needed, a test planning algorithm is subsequently used to suggest further testing. Both diagnosis and test planning algorithms consider a fault prediction model, which associates each software component (e.g., class or method) with the likelihood that it contains a bug. DeBGUer implements the first two components of LDP, bug prediction (Learn) and bug diagnosis (Diagnose). It provides an easy-to-use web interface, and has been successfully tested on 12 projects.
Poly(ionic liquid)s as new materials for CO<sub>2</sub> absorption (2005)

Abstract A series of imidazolium‐based ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers (poly(ionic liquid)s) were synthesized, and their CO 2 sorption was studied. The poly(ionic liquid)s had enhanced CO 2 sorption capacities and fast sorption/desorption rates compared with room temperature ionic liquids. The effects of the chemical structures, including the types of anion, cation, and backbone of the poly(ionic liquid)s on their CO 2 sorption have been discussed. In contrast to room temperature ionic liquids, the polymer with PF anions had the highest CO 2 ‐sorption capacity, while those with BF or Tf 2 N − anions had the same capacities. The CO 2 sorption and desorption of the polymers were fast and reversible, and the sorption was selective over H 2 , N 2, and O 2 . The measured Henry's constants of P[VBBI][BF 4 ] and P[MABI][BF 4 ] were 26.0 bar and 37.7 bar, which were lower than those of similar room temperature ionic liquids. The preliminary study of the mechanism indicated that the CO 2 sorption of the polymer particles was more absorption (the bulk) but less adsorption (the surface). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5477–5489, 2005
Improving the accuracy of a quartz crystal microbalance with automatic determination of acoustic impedance ratio (1991)

A new method for automatic determination of acoustic impedance ratio, or z ratio, of a thin solid film deposited upon an AT-cut quartz crystal is described. The method uses frequency information from two piezoelectrically excitable resonant modes which are not harmonically related. This results in an improvement of accuracy for the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, requiring no prior knowledge of a material’s z ratio. The method is quite general and requires no adjustable parameter specific to a particular quartz crystal design. Results of extensive testing on wide ranging materials including metals, dielectrics, codeposited alloys, and sequential layers is presented. Excellent agreement is found between the predicted values and the gravimetrically measured mass of deposited films.
MinDelay: Low-latency Forwarding and Caching Algorithms for\n Information-Centric Networks (2017)

We present a new unified framework for minimizing congestion-dependent\nnetwork cost in information-centric networks by jointly optimizing forwarding\nand caching strategies. As caching variables are integer-constrained, the\nresulting optimization problem is NP-hard. To make progress, we focus on a\nrelaxed version of the optimization problem, where caching variables are\nallowed to be real-valued. We develop necessary optimality conditions for the\nrelaxed problem, and leverage this result to design MinDelay, an adaptive and\ndistributed joint forwarding and caching algorithm, based on the conditional\ngradient algorithm. The MinDelay algorithm elegantly yields feasible routing\nvariables and integer caching variables at each iteration, and can be\nimplemented in a distributed manner with low complexity and overhead. Over a\nwide range of network topologies, simulation results show that MinDelay\ntypically has significantly better delay performance in the low to moderate\nrequest rate regions. Furthermore, the MinDelay and VIP algorithms complement\neach other in delivering superior delay performance across the entire range of\nrequest arrival rates.\n
Floating gate memory paper transistor (2010)

Reported herein is a nonvolatile n-type floating gate memory paper field-effect transistor, emphasizing the role of the paper structure and properties on the device performance recorded such as in the high capacitance per unit area at low frequencies (>2.5 μFcm<sup>-2</sup>) and so on the set of high charge retention times achieved (>16000 hours). The device was built via the hybrid integration of natural cellulose fibers, which act simultaneously as substrate and gate dielectric, using amorphous indium zinc and gallium indium zinc oxides respectively for the gate electrode and channel layer. This was complemented by the use of continuous patterned metal layers as source/drain electrodes.
Multi-scale zerotree entropy coding (2000)

This paper describes the visual texture compression scheme adopted for MPEG-4 international standard. The scheme is based on the concept of multiscale zerotree wavelet entropy coding (MZTE) technique that provides different levels of scalability layer in terms of either spatial resolutions or picture quality. MZTE provides much improved compression efficiency and fine-gradual scalabilities. The MZTE scheme is adopted as the baseline technique for the visual texture coding profile in both MPEG4 video group and SNHC group.
Anticancer effects of phytocannabinoids used with chemotherapy in leukaemia cells can be improved by altering the sequence of their administration (2017)

Phytocannabinoids possess anticancer activity when used alone, and a number have also been shown to combine favourably with each other in vitro in leukaemia cells to generate improved activity. We have investigated the effect of pairing cannabinoids and assessed their anticancer activity in cell line models. Those most effective were then used with the common anti-leukaemia drugs cytarabine and vincristine, and the effects of this combination therapy on cell death studied in vitro. Results show a number of cannabinoids could be paired together to generate an effect superior to that achieved if the components were used individually. For example, in HL60 cells, the IC50 values at 48 h for cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) when used alone were 8 and 13 µM, respectively; however, if used together, it was 4 µM. Median-effect analysis confirmed the benefit of using cannabinoids in pairs, with calculated combination indices being <1 in a number of cases. The most efficacious cannabinoid-pairs subsequently synergised further when combined with the chemotherapy agents, and were also able to sensitise leukaemia cells to their cytotoxic effects. The sequence of administration of these drugs was important though; using cannabinoids after chemotherapy resulted in greater induction of apoptosis, whilst this was the opposite when the schedule of administration was reversed. Our results suggest that when certain cannabinoids are paired together, the resulting product can be combined synergistically with common anti-leukaemia drugs allowing the dose of the cytotoxic agents to be dramatically reduced yet still remain efficacious. Nevertheless, the sequence of drug administration is crucial to the success of these triple combinations and should be considered when planning such treatments.
Fast, High Resolution, and Wide Modulus Range Nanomechanical Mapping with Bimodal Tapping Mode (2017)

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), also known as amplitude modulated (AM) or AC mode, is a proven, reliable, and gentle imaging mode with widespread applications. Over the several decades that tapping mode has been in use, quantification of tip-sample mechanical properties such as stiffness has remained elusive. Bimodal tapping mode keeps the advantages of single-frequency tapping mode while extending the technique by driving and measuring an additional resonant mode of the cantilever. The simultaneously measured observables of this additional resonance provide the additional information necessary to extract quantitative nanomechanical information about the tip-sample mechanics. Specifically, driving the higher cantilever resonance in a frequency modulated (FM) mode allows direct measurement of the tip-sample interaction stiffness and, with appropriate modeling, the set point-independent local elastic modulus. Here we discuss the advantages of bimodal tapping, coined AM-FM imaging, for modulus mapping. Results are presented for samples over a wide modulus range, from a compliant gel (∼100 MPa) to stiff materials (∼100 GPa), with the same type of cantilever. We also show high-resolution (subnanometer) stiffness mapping of individual molecules in semicrystalline polymers and of DNA in fluid. Combined with the ability to remain quantitative even at line scan rates of nearly 40 Hz, the results demonstrate the versatility of AM-FM imaging for nanomechanical characterization in a wide range of applications.
Reconstruction of oversampled band-limited signals from Sigma Delta encoded binary sequences (1992)

The authors consider the application of Sigma Delta modulators to analog-to-digital conversion. They have previously shown that for constant input signals, optimal nonlinear decoding can achieve large gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over linear decoding. A similar result is shown for band-limited input signals. The new nonlinear decoding algorithm is based on projections onto convex sets (POCS) and alternates between a band limitation and a time-domain operation to find a signal invariant under both. The band limitations can be based on singular value decomposition of a certain matrix. The time-domain operation results in a quadratic programming problem. Simulation results are shown for the SNR performance of a POCS-based decoder and a linear decoder for the single-loop Sigma Delta modulator and for a specific fourth-order interpolative modulator. Improvements in SNR of up to 20 dB can be achieved for the single-loop modulator depending on the oversampling ratio, and up to 10 dB for the fourth-order modulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recombinant mussel adhesive protein as a gene delivery material (2008)

Efficient target gene delivery into eukaryotic cells is important for biotechnological research and gene therapy. Gene delivery based on proteins, including histones, has recently emerged as a powerful non-viral DNA transfer technique. Here, we investigated the potential use of a recombinant mussel adhesive protein, hybrid fp-151, as a gene delivery material, in view of its similar basic amino acid composition to histone proteins, and cost-effective and high-level production in Escherichia coli. After confirming DNA binding affinity, we transfected mammalian cells (human 293T and mouse NIH/3T3) with foreign genes using hybrid fp-151 as the gene delivery carrier. Hybrid fp-151 displayed comparable transfection efficiency in both mammalian cell lines, compared to the widely used transfection agent, Lipofectamine 2000. Our results indicate that this mussel adhesive protein may be used as a potential protein-based gene-transfer mediator.
A novel mechanism of cutaneous photo‐aging mediated by the impairment of lymphatic function and the protective role of a lymphatic‐promoting compound (2010)

Vol. 43 , No.3 (2009) pp.192–196 The lymphatic system plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and the afferent phase of immune response. However, the role of the lymphatic system in mediation of aging and its molecular mechanism has been totally unknown. Here we have identified, for the first time, the importance of the cutaneous lymphatic system in the process of ultraviolet (UV) B‐induced skin‐damage. UVB induced the prominent enlargement of lymphatic vessels which were leaky and hyperpermeable, suggesting that the function of enlarged lymphatic vessels induced by UVB was impaired. Moreover, impaired lymphatic function could cause prolonged inflammation with retained macrophages in the dermis, eventually leading to wrinkle formation. A potent lymphangiogenesis factor, VEGFC was downregulated after UVB irradiation in vitro as well as in vivo, suggesting that the impairment of lymphatic function was triggered by VEGFC downregulation. MACC, which was found to be a novel VEGFC‐inducing compound in keratinocytes, has a strong potential to prevent UVB‐induced skin damage/wrinkle formation by promoting lymphatic vessel growth and function.
Novel 17-Azolyl Steroids, Potent Inhibitors of Human Cytochrome 17α-Hydroxylase-C<sub>17,20</sub>-lyase (P450<sub>17</sub><sub>α</sub>):  Potential Agents for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (1998)

A new synthetic route to a variety of novel delta 16-17-azolyl steroids is described: it involves the nucleophilic vinylic "addition-elimination" substitution reaction of 3 beta-acetoxy-17-chloro-16-formylandrosta-5,16-diene (2) and azolyl nucleophiles. Some of these novel delta 16-17-azolyl steroids, 6, 17, 19, and 27-29, prepared in good overall yields, are very potent inhibitors of human and rat testicular P450(17) alpha. They are shown to be noncompetitive and appear to be slow-binding inhibitors of human P450(17) alpha. The most potent compounds are 3 beta-hydroxy-17-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (17), 3 beta-hydroxy-17-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)androsta-5,-16-diene (19), and 17-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-dien-3-one (28), with Ki values of 1.2, 1.4, and 1.9 nM, respectively, being 20-32 times more potent than ketoconazole (Ki = 38 nM). Spectroscopic studies with a modified form of human P450(17) alpha indicate that the inhibition process involves binding of steroidal azole nitrogen to the heme iron of the enzyme. Furthermore, some of these potent P450(17) alpha inhibitors (27-29) are also powerful inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase, and others (17 and 19) appear to exhibit strong antiandrogenic activity in cultures of the LNCaP human prostatic cancer cell line. These novel compounds with impressive dual biological activities make them strong candidates for development as therapeutic agents for treatment of prostate cancer and other disease states which depend on androgens.
Magnetic directed assembly of molecular junctions (2005)

We present a technique for fabricating molecular junctions for molecular electronic devices. Silica microspheres are rendered magnetically susceptible and electrically conductive by the sequential deposition of nickel and gold films. The metallized microspheres undergo directed assembly into lithographically defined magnetic arrays functionalized with self-assembled monolayers of prototypical molecular wire candidates. We characterize the resulting junctions by scanning electron microscopy and measure their current-voltage characteristics. Magnetic directed assembly provides a wafer-level route for the fabrication of molecular junctions and opens up the potential for hybrid complementary metal-oxide semiconductor∕molecular electronic applications.
Diagnostic PCR assay for Microsporum and Trichophyton infections (2009)

We have previously described a highly sensitive 5-hour PCR test for the rapid diagnosis of onychomycosis which detects any dermatophyte and species-identify T. rubrum from patient specimens. We have subsequently developed and evaluated new PCR tests for detection of Trichophyton and Microsporum canis/audouinii infections.58 dermatophyte isolates (21) Microsporum spp. (4 different species), 35 Trichophyton spp (10 different species) and 2 were E. floccosum) and 10 yeast, mould or human DNA controls samples were included. Twenty-five patient specimens randomly selected among routine samples, 10 hair specimens from guinea pig experimentally infected with M. canis and two from un-infected control animals were included. The isolates were identified by microscopy and culture observation. DNA was prepared by a 10-min procedure from patient specimens, guinea pig specimens and fragments of dermatophyte colonies as previously described. Two pairs of primers were designed based on the alignment (VectorNTI, Informax) of dermatophytes rDNA sequences. The presence of specific PCR products of approximately 302 bp and 279 bp, respectively, was examined using electrophoresis.The evaluation of the two PCR tests indicated excellent sensitivity and specificity. Based upon the local epidemiology algorithms can now be designed for rapid and easy PCR-detection of dermatophytosis with a genus identification allowing optimal selection of antifungal treatment.
Mobile satellite TDMA communications robust burst repetition despreading (2014)

Burst repetition spreading is a well known method for signal spreading in satellite communication systems. Frequency offsets cause a rotation in the repetition symbols, thus in the de-spreading process the repetitions are coherently combined by correcting their phase rotation. However, in low SNR conditions, conventional methods for phase offset estimation result in a large combining loss. In this paper, we developed a novel approximate Maximum Likelihood estimator for the repetition phase offset, and also show an efficient implementation of the estimator. Simulation results show that the combining loss of the developed estimator is significantly smaller than the combining loss of the conventional de-spreading method in low SNR conditions.
Water‐Soluble Dendrimeric Two‐Photon Tracers for In Vivo Imaging (2006)

In a (nut)shell: Covalently wrapped in a protecting and solubilizing dendrimeric shell (see picture), an initially hydrophobic two-photon fluorophore becomes a biocompatible contrast agent with strong emission for imaging in vivo by multiphoton microscopy.
Adaptive control using retrospective cost optimization with RLS-based estimation for concurrent Markov-parameter updating (2009)

We present a discrete-time adaptive control law that is effective for systems that are MIMO and either minimum phase or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm provides guidelines concerning the modeling information needed for implementation. This information includes a sufficient number of Markov parameters to capture the sign of the high-frequency gain as well as the nonminimum-phase zeros. No additional information about the poles or zeros need be known. In this paper, recursive least-squares estimation is used for concurrent Markov parameter estimation. We present numerical examples to illustrate the algorithm's effectiveness in handling nonminimum-phase zeros as plant changes occur.