gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group 10 Allergens (Tropomyosins) from House-Dust Mites May Cause Covariation of Sensitization to Allergens from Other Invertebrates (2012)

Group 10 allergens (tropomyosins) have been assumed to be a major cause of cross-reactivity between house-dust mites (HDMs) and other invertebrates. Despite all of the published data regarding the epidemiology, percent IgE binding and level of sensitization in the population, the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen in patients with multiple allergy syndrome still remains to be elucidated. Homology between amino acid sequences reported in allergen databases of selected invertebrate tropomyosins was determined with Der f 10 as the reference allergen. The 66.9 and 54.4% identities were found with selected crustacean and insect species, respectively, whereas only 20.4% identity was seen with mollusks. A similar analysis was performed using reported B-cell IgE-binding epitopes from Met e1 (shrimp allergen) and Bla g7 (cockroach allergen) with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The percent identity in linear sequences was higher than 35% in mites, crustaceans, and cockroaches. The polar and hydrophobic regions in these groups were highly conserved. These findings suggest that tropomyosin may be a major cause of covariation of sensitization between HDMs, crustaceans, and some species of insects and mollusks.
Cloning and Overexpression of the 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate Dehydrogenase Gene from<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>E23 (2003)

The structural gene for NAD+-dependent 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.31) from Pseudomonas putida E23 was cloned in Escherichia coli cells to obtain a large amount of the enzyme and its nucleotides were sequenced to study its structural relationship with other proteins. The gene encoded a polypeptide containing 295 amino acid residues and was in a cluster with the gene for methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Transformed E. coli cells overproduced 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a high yield. Lysine and asparagine residues, which are important in catalysis of the 3-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, are conserved in this enzyme.
Hydrogen Storage in Metal-Organic Frameworks (2012)

Conventional storage of large amounts of hydrogen in its molecular form is difficult and expensive because it requires employing either extremely high pressure gas or very low temperature liquid. Because of the importance of hydrogen as a fuel, the DOE has set system targets for hydrogen storage of gravimetric (5.5 wt%) and volumetric (40 g L-1) densities to be achieved by 2015. Given that these are system goals, a practical material will need to have higher capacity when the weight of the tank and associated cooling or regeneration system is considered. The size and weight of these components will vary substantially depending on whether the material operates by a chemisorption or physisorption mechanism. In the latter case, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been identified as promising adsorbents for hydrogen storage, although little data is available for their sorption behavior. This grant was focused on the study of MOFs with these specific objectives. (1) To examine the effects of functionalization, catenation, and variation of the metal oxide and organic linkers on the low-pressure hydrogen adsorption properties of MOFs. (2) To develop a strategy for producing MOFs with high surface area and porosity to reduce the dead space and increase the hydrogen storage capacity per unit volume. (3) To functionalize MOFs by post synthetic functionalization with metals to improve the adsorption enthalpy of hydrogen for the room temperature hydrogen storage. This effort demonstrated the importance of open metal sites to improve the adsorption enthalpy by the systematic study, and this is also the origin of the new strategy, which termed isoreticular functionalization and metalation. However, a large pore volume is still a prerequisite feature. Based on our principle to design highly porous MOFs, guest-free MOFs with ultrahigh porosity have been experimentally synthesized. MOF-210, whose BET surface area is 6240 m2 g-1 (the highest among porous solids), takes up 15 wt% of total H2 uptake at 80 bar and 77 K. More importantly, the total H2 uptake by MOF-210 was 2.7 wt% at 80 bar and 298 K, which is the highest number reported for physisorptive materials.
Negative spin-valve effect in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>65</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>35</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>/Ag/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>65</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>35</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Gd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>trilayers (1996)

A minimum of the magnetoresistance under low fields has been observed with a ${\mathrm{Co}}_{65}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{35}$/Ag/${({\mathrm{Co}}_{65}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{35})}_{50}$${\mathrm{Gd}}_{50}$ trilayer at 4.2 and 300 K. This negative spin-valve effect is explained by the scattering of the conduction electrons by the Co or Fe moments included in two different structures: a polycrystalline (${\mathrm{Co}}_{65}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{35}$) and an amorphous one [${({\mathrm{Co}}_{65}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{35})}_{50}$${\mathrm{Gd}}_{50}$]. The Gd moments allow one to control the magnetic configuration of the transition-metal moments of the layers but are inefficient for the magnetoresistance. This interpretation is confirmed by measurements using high pulsed fields.
Extension of the Self-Consistent Spectrophotometric Basicity Scale in Acetonitrile to a Full Span of 28 p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Units:  Unification of Different Basicity Scales (2005)

The earlier compiled self-consistent spectrophotometric basicity scale in acetonitrile (AN) was expanded to range from 3.8 to 32.0 pK(a) units, that is 28 orders of magnitude. Altogether 54 new relative basicity measurements (DeltapK(a) measurements) were carried out and 37 new compounds were introduced to the scale (it now includes altogether 89 bases). The relative basicity of any two bases in the scale can be obtained by combining at least two independent sets of measurements. Multiple overlapping measurements make the results more reliable. The overall consistency (as defined earlier) of the measurements is s = 0.03 pK(a) units. Thorough analysis of all of our experimental data (DeltapK(a) values of this and earlier works) and experimental pK(a) data in AN available in the literature (works from the groups of Coetzee and Padmanabhan, Kolthoff and Chantooni, Jr., the Schwesinger group, Bren' et al. and some others, altogether 19 papers) was carried out. On the basis of this analysis the anchor point of the scale-pyridine-was shifted upward by 0.20 pK(a) units thereby also revising the absolute pK(a) values of all the bases on the scale. This way very good agreement between our relative data and the absolute pK(a) values of the abovementioned authors was obtained. The revised basicity scale was interconnected with the earlier published self-consistent acidity scale by DeltapK(a) measurements between acids and bases. The rms deviation between the directly measured DeltapK(a) values and the absolute pK(a) values of the compounds was 0.10 pK(a) units.
Liquid Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells With Multi-Layer Diffusion Media (2004)

A two-phase, multi-component, full cell model is developed in order to analyze the two-phase transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with multi-layer cathode gas diffusion media, consisting of a coarse gas diffusion layer (GDL) (average pore size ~ 10 μm) and a micro-porous layer (MPL) (average pore size ~ 0.2–2 μm). The relevant structural properties of MPL, including average pore size, wettability, thickness and porosity are examined and their effects on liquid water transport are discussed. It is found that MPL promotes back-flow of liquid water across the membrane towards the anode, consequently alleviating cathode flooding. Furthermore, it is seen that unique porous and wetting characteristics of MPL causes a discontinuity in the liquid saturation at MPL-GDL interface, which in turn reduces the amount of liquid water in cathode catalyst layer-gas diffusion medium interface in some cases. Our analyses show that the back-flow of liquid water increases with the increasing thickness and decreasing pore size, hydrophobicity and bulk porosity of the MPL.
Improving model fidelity and sensitivity for complex systems through empirical information theory (2011)

In many situations in contemporary science and engineering, the analysis and prediction of crucial phenomena occur often through complex dynamical equations that have significant model errors compared with the true signal in nature. Here, a systematic information theoretic framework is developed to improve model fidelity and sensitivity for complex systems including perturbation formulas and multimodel ensembles that can be utilized to improve both aspects of model error simultaneously. A suite of unambiguous test models is utilized to demonstrate facets of the proposed framework. These results include simple examples of imperfect models with perfect equilibrium statistical fidelity where there are intrinsic natural barriers to improving imperfect model sensitivity. Linear stochastic models with multiple spatiotemporal scales are utilized to demonstrate this information theoretic approach to equilibrium sensitivity, the role of increasing spatial resolution in the information metric for model error, and the ability of imperfect models to capture the true sensitivity. Finally, an instructive statistically nonlinear model with many degrees of freedom, mimicking the observed non-Gaussian statistical behavior of tracers in the atmosphere, with corresponding imperfect eddy-diffusivity parameterization models are utilized here. They demonstrate the important role of additional stochastic forcing of imperfect models in order to systematically improve the information theoretic measures of fidelity and sensitivity developed here.
Transcriptional Control of Skeletogenesis (2008)

The skeleton contains three specific cell types: chondrocytes in cartilage and osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone. Our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that lead to cell differentiation along these three lineages has increased considerably in the past ten years. In the case of chondrocytes and osteoblasts advances have been made possible largely through the molecular elucidation of human skeletal dysplasias. This review discusses the key transcription factors that regulate skeletogenesis and highlights their function, mode of action, and regulation by other factors, with a special emphasis on how human genetics has contributed to this knowledge.
Annealing characteristics of highly P+-ion-implanted silicon crystal—two-step anneal (1977)

Single-step and double-step annealing behavior of highly P+-ion-implanted layers was investigated by means of four-point probe measurements, x-ray double-crystal spectrometry, and electron diffraction patterns. The x-ray double-crystal spectrometry data indicated that, in the case of single-step annealing, the layer implanted with doses lower than 3×1015/cm2 ions was recovered with the increase of annealing temperature, while the sample implanted with doses of 1×1016/cm2 ions showed the opposite behavior. That is, the latter sample showed a very bad recrystallized layer with polycrystalline regions when it was annealed at temperatures higher than 1000 °C. However, in the case of double-step annealing, the higher-temperature annealing process, conducted after long 560 °C annealing, made it possible to obtain a good recrystallized layer, compared with the single-step annealing case. These results were confirmed by electron diffraction patterns.
Highly efficient SO2 capture by dual functionalized ionic liquids through a combination of chemical and physical absorption (2012)

Two kinds of dual functionalized ionic liquids with ether-functionalized cations and tetrazolate anions were designed, prepared, and used for SO(2) capture, which exhibit an extremely high SO(2) capacity and excellent reversibility through a combination of chemical and physical absorption.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of <sup>18</sup>F-Labeled Fluoroethoxy Tryptophan Analogues as Potential PET Tumor Imaging Agents (2014)

As a continuation of our research efforts toward the development of tryptophan-based radiotracers for tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), three new fluoroethoxy tryptophan analogues were synthesized and evaluated in vivo. These new tracers (namely, 4-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)-dl-tryptophan ([(18)F]4-FEHTP), 6-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)-dl-tryptophan ([(18)F]6-FEHTP), and 7-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)-dl-tryptophan ([(18)F]7-FEHTP) carry the fluoroethoxy side chain either at positions 4-, 6-, or 7- of the indole core. Reference compounds and precursors were synthesized by multistep approaches. Radiosynthesis was accomplished by no-carrier-added nucleophilic (18)F-fluorination following either an indirect approach (O-alkylation of the corresponding hydroxytryptophan with [(18)F]fluoroethyltosylate) or a direct approach (nucleophilic [(18)F] fluorination using a protected mesyl precursor). Radiochemical yields (decay corrected) for both methods were in the range of 10-18%. Small animal PET imaging with xenograft-bearing mice revealed the highest tumor/background ratio for [(18)F]6-FEHTP which, in a direct comparison, outperformed the other two tryptophan tracers and also the well-established tyrosine analogue O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([(18)F]l-FET). Investigation of the transport mechanism of [(18)F]6-FEHTP in small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H69) revealed that it is most probably taken up exclusively via the large neutral amino acid transporter(s) (LAT).
An Open Clinical Trial of Fluvoxamine Treatment of Psychogenic Excoriation (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of fluvoxamine in the treatment of psychogenic (neurotic) skin excoriation. Fourteen subjects with psychogenic excoriation were given fluvoxamine in a 12-week, open-label trial after completion of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. All subjects met DSM-IV criteria for at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder, with mood disorder the most common. Most subjects' excoriation had features of an impulse control disorder. Both completers (N = 7) and the entire group had significant improvement on the modified Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale but no improvement on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. In the self-report data, the seven completers had significant reduction in behaviors involving the skin (e.g., scratching, picking, gouging, or squeezing) and in global assessment of symptoms. Endpoint analysis of all 14 subjects' self-report data demonstrated significant improvement in the presence of skin sensations, skin appearance and lesions, behaviors involving the skin, control over skin behavior, and global assessment. The results of this preliminary open trial suggest that fluvoxamine may be effective in reducing psychogenic excoriation, and this effect seems to be independent of mood. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Optical communication in free space (1974)

Two classes of laser communication systems for handling very high data rates across inter-satellite distances are considered that provide for high antenna gains, wide modulation bandwidths, and optical receiver sensitivities. System design considerations are based upon the carbon dioxide laser modulation to accommodate digital or analog information, and the neodymium doped YAG laser pulse for digital modulation.
An investigation to transplant emotional expressions in DNN-based TTS synthesis (2017)

In this paper, we investigate deep neural network (DNN) architectures to transplant emotional expressions to improve the expressiveness of DNN-based text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. DNN is expected to have potential power in mapping between linguistic information and acoustic features. From multispeaker and/or multi-language perspectives, several types of DNN architecture have been proposed and have shown good performances. We tried to expand the idea to transplant emotion, constructing shared emotion-dependent mappings. The following three types of DNN architecture are examined; (1) the parallel model (PM) with an output layer consisting of both speaker- dependent layers and emotion-dependent layers, (2) the serial model (SM) with an output layer consisting of emotion-dependent layers preceded by speaker-dependent hidden layers, (3) the auxiliary input model (AIM) with an input layer consisting of emotion and speaker IDs as well as linguistics feature vectors. The DNNs were trained using neutral speech uttered by 24 speakers, and sad speech and joyful speech uttered by 3 speakers from those 24 speakers. In terms of unseen emotional synthesis, subjective evaluation tests showed that the PM performs much better than the SM and slightly better than the AIM. In addition, this test showed that the SM is the best of the three models when training data includes emotional speech uttered by the target speaker.
Hydroxoiridium‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Terminal Alkenes with Ureas by C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Bond Activation (2017)

Direct alkylation of a methyl group, on di- and trisubstituted ureas, with terminal alkenes by C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H bond activation proceeded in the presence of a hydroxoiridium/bisphosphine catalyst to give high yields of the corresponding addition products. The hydroxoiridium/bisphosphine complex generates an amidoiridium intermediate by reaction with ureas having an N-H bond.
A 3D <i>in Vitro</i> Model Reveals Differences in the Astrocyte Response Elicited by Potential Stem Cell Therapies for CNS Injury (2013)

This approach can screen therapeutic cells prior to in vivo testing, allowing cells likely to trigger a substantial astrocyte response to be identified at an early stage. NCSCs and differentiated Schwann cell-like adipose-derived stem cells may be useful in treating CNS damage without increasing astrogliosis.
Analysis of a transformer-less, multi-level DC-DC converter for HVDC operation (1998)

HVDC systems require DC step up and DC step down units. The traditional approach is the application of twelve-pulse thyristor bridges with transformers. The developments of fast switching IGBT devices permit the development of transformer-less, multi-level converters. A multi-level circuit was suggested by Limpaecher. This paper presents a detailed simulation of the proposed circuit together with the analysis of its performance. The converter consists of a set of capacitors, air core inductors and solid state switches arranged in a ladder network. In the step-up mode, the closing of solid state switches resonantly charges the capacitors in parallel through an air-cored inductor. Then solid state switches resonantly charges the capacitors in parallel through an air-cored inductor. Then solid state switches connect the capacitors in series and discharge them through an air-core inductor to the load. In the step-down mode the capacitors are charged in series and discharged in parallel. The circuit has three modes of operation in each cycle: charge, inversion, and discharge. The circuit operation is analyzed in each mode using SPICE simulations. The selection of the components is discussed and output voltage regulation is analyzed. The results show that the proposed circuit promises significant reduction of losses, because ofmore » the zero current switching. The investment cost is reduced because of the elimination of transformers.« less
Semisynthesis of a Glycosylated Im7 Analogue for Protein Folding Studies (2005)

To establish a system to address questions concerning the influence of glycosylation on protein folding pathways, we have developed a semisynthetic route toward the immunity protein Im7. This fourhelix protein has been used extensively as model protein for folding studies. Native chemical ligation (NCL) affords an N-linked chitobiose glycoprotein analogue of Im7 with an Ala29Cys mutation. The semisynthetic approach relies on the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of N-terminal thioesters (including helix I), in glycosylated or unglycosylated form, in combination with the expression of the C-terminal fragment of Im7 (containing helices II-IV). Detailed kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the protein folding behavior reveals that semisynthetic Im7 analogues are well suited for protein folding studies and that the folding mechanism of the glycoprotein of this Im7 variant is not significantly altered over the unglycosylated analogue.
Manufacturing of $\alpha$-lactalbumin-enriched whey systems by selective thermal treatment in combination with membrane processes (2000)

trates or isolates with attractive functional properties In the present paper a further possibility for obtaining bovine whey systems with a modified, i.e. high relative -LA content, is described which is primarily based on the different denaturation kinetics of -LA and -LG.
Image Style Classification Based on Learnt Deep Correlation Features (2018)

This paper presents a comprehensive study of deep correlation features on image style classification. Inspired by that, correlation between feature maps can effectively describe image texture, and we design various correlations and transform them into style vectors, and investigate classification performance brought by different variants. In addition to intralayer correlation, interlayer correlation is proposed as well, and its effectiveness is verified. After showing the effectiveness of deep correlation features, we further propose a learning framework to automatically learn correlations between feature maps. Through extensive experiments on image style classification and artist classification, we demonstrate that the proposed learnt deep correlation features outperform several variants of convolutional neural network features by a large margin, and achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
Bulk Crystal Growth of Stilbazolium Derivatives for Terahertz Waves Generation (2010)

The two stilbazolium derivatives, 4-dimethylamino- N -methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) and 4-dimethylamino- N -methyl-4-stilbazolium p -chlorobenzenesulfonate (DASC), are organic ionic nonlinear optical materials that have a tendency to form bulk crystals when grown in a mixed solvent of methanol and acetonitrile. We observed the generation of broadband high-power terahertz (THz) waves from the bulk crystals of DASC. DASC crystals have superior transmission characteristics in the THz band than DAST crystals, and it is expected that the THz waves generated using DASC crystals will have higher power than those generated using DAST crystals.
HDAC6 and SIRT2 Regulate the Acetylation State and Oncogenic Activity of Mutant K-RAS (2013)

This study suggests that altering K-RAS acetylation is a feasible approach to limiting tumorigenic potential.