gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of fluorinated diamond-like carbon films produced by pulsed glow discharge plasma immersion ion processing (2000)

Pulsed glow discharge plasma from a 1 Pa gas mixture of acetylene (C2H2) and hexafluoroethane (C2F6) was used to produce fluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) films on glass and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) substrate. The composition of the F-DLC coatings was measured by using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and elastic recoil detection analysis techniques. The transmittance, absorption coefficient, and optical band gap of 100 nm thick F-DLC coatings was measured by using an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. The friction and wear properties were measured with a conventional pin-on-disk device. In addition, contact angle measurements were taken in order to determine the nonwetting properties of the coatings. The results showed an increase in nonwetting properties, transmittance, and optical band gap with increasing fluorine content in the coatings. The increased fluorine contents suppressed the incorporation of hydrogen and increased the optical band gap energy, which is quite different from the general DLC films whose optical properties are highly improved with increasing amount of hydrogen incorporated in the films. Furthermore, the F-DLC coatings on PMMA and glass substrates proved to have low friction and wear and similar nonwetting properties such as Teflon®.
Calcium(<scp>ii</scp>)-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions of amines (2018)

The direct enantioselective chiral calcium(ii)·phosphate complex (Ca[CPA]<sub>2</sub>)-catalyzed conjugate addition of unprotected alkyl amines to maleimides was developed. This mild catalytic system represents a significant advance towards the general convergent asymmetric amination of α,β-unsaturated electrophiles, providing medicinally relevant chiral aminosuccinimide products in high yields and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused directly from a previously chromatographed reaction and still maintain both high yield and selectivity.
Molecular imaging by Raman microscopy (1992)

The optical microscope relies on spatial variations of refractive index, absorption and reflectivity in a specimen in order to produce the modulation in light intensity necessary to form the magnified image. The ability to identify the materials which comprise the specimen is very limited as these properties are generally not material specific. By contrast the Raman spectrum of a material is usually not only sufficient to give positive identification, but detail in the spectrum can often be used to assess the physical state of the material. Thus images recorded in light scattered in a particular Raman band should be very informative about the distribution of different molecular species. We have developed a Raman microscope which uses multilayer dielectric filters to select the Raman band with which the image is formed. The optical quality of the filters is sufficiently high so as not to degrade the image forming capabilities of the microscope. The filters typically have a pass band of 20 cm -1 and are wavelength tuned by rotation.
Radiation-Resistant Single-Mode Optical Fibers (2008)

Loss of silica-based optical fibers increases when they are exposed to radiation. We have developed a fluorine-doped core single-mode optical fiber, which complies with ITU-T G.652.B and has excellent radiation-resistant characteristics compared with pure silica core singlemode fiber. Although the increase in radiation-induced loss of the conventional pure silica core single-mode fibers with the condition 1 · 10 6 R/h and 60 min is approximately 25 dB/km at 1310 nm wavelength, the loss of the fluorine-doped core single-mode fibers with the same condition is approximately 5 dB/km at 1310 nm wavelength. In addition to the excellent radiationresistant characteristics, we have confirmed that the fiber has an excellent loss recovery characteristic after irradiation.
Conceptual design of sleeve rotor synchronous reluctance motor for traction applications (2015)

Synchronous reluctance machines are very appealing for high speed traction motor design due to their robustness, simple structure, absence of magnets, and simple control. The absence of magnets means that synchronous reluctance machines are not susceptible to price variability and sustainability of rare-earth materials. Also, there are no concerns about demagnetization or uncontrolled generation mode. However, the challenge of achieving a good constant power to speed ratio is dependent on the mechanical aspects of the design. Conventional synchronous reluctance designs perform poorly compared to the permanent magnet machines due the presence of bridges and/or center posts in absence of the magnets to help saturate these regions. In this case, the challenge of rotor mechanical retention is addressed with the help of a sleeve on the rotor to reduce the need for bridges and/or center posts. Design optimization including the mechanical aspects of the sleeve is presented in this paper. The final design with a sleeve will be shown to be superior to a conventional design in terms of power density, rotor losses, saliency and torque ripple.
Theory of total-internal-reflection tomography (2003)

A method is presented to reconstruct three-dimensional tomographic images of weakly scattering objects with subwavelength resolution. The method may be applied to data available in phase-sensitive, total-internal-reflection microscopy. The results follow from an analysis of the near-field inverse scattering problem with evanescent waves.
Administering Mucosal Competitive Exclusion Flora for Control of Salmonellae (1998)

We compared three methods to administer various dilutions of mucosal competitive exclusion (MCE) culture to reduce Salmonella colonization in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks: 1) spraying onto the chicks using a “Newcastle” automatic spray cabinet; 2) directly gavaging in the crop of the chicks; and 3) a combination of spraying and gavaging the chicks. Day-of-hatch broiler chicks were provided selected treatments, or served as controls. A combination of strains of S. typhimurium, S. Montevideo, and S. California were used 4 hr after treatment to challenge the treated and control chicks. The chicks were sacrificed 5 days post challenge, and cecal contents were analyzed for the presence and numbers of the Salmonella isolates. The optimum level of MCE to reduce Salmonella colonization depended on the efficacy of the original MCE culture. A 10-6 dilution of freshly prepared MCE provided protection similar to the undiluted MCE that had been stored for more than 2 months. A combination of spraying and gavaging MCE was more effective than either of the two single treatment methods tested.
An Overview of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2014)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in infants. From 1993 to 2008, the total RSV hospitalization rate in the United States across all age groups was 55 per 100,000 person-years, slightly lower than the rate of 64 per 100,000 personyears for influenza viruses In infants, the hospitalization rate was 2,345 per 100,000 person-years for RSV compared to 151 for influenza, consistent with reports that RSV hospitalizes 1-2% of infants in the US each winter, a staggering statistic RSV disease is not limited to infants. RSV resulted in more hospitalizations in 1-4-year-olds than influenza One in 13 children under the age of five in the US required medical attention for RSV each year, and 60% of office visits were for 2-5-year-olds
Estimating cell transfer delay in ATM networks using in-service monitoring methods (2002)

Cell transfer delay (CTD) is a performance parameter of the ATM layer. Monitoring CTD requires procedures for in-service measurement or estimation and for gaining statistics of the delay distribution. This paper discusses the definition and origin of CTD, and looks at basic measurement techniques based on operation and maintenance (OAM) performance monitoring functions. It presents a method for estimating CTD, which does not rely on the availability of synchronized clocks at the measurement points. This method is based on a least-square regression analysis which estimates the time and frequency offset of the remote clock.
Archaeal Membrane Lipids (2006)

Abstract Membrane lipids of Archaea are unique and distinct from those found in Eukarya and Bacteria . The polar lipids consist of isopranoid chains, 20–40 carbons in length and usually saturated, which are attached via ether bonds to the glycerol carbons at the sn ‐2,3 positions. The polar lipids of Archaea can be used to make liposomes (closed vesicles) with characteristics that are useful for applications in biotechnology.
Activation of the GLP-1 receptor by chloropyrimidine derivatives (2021)

The anti-diabetic activities of a series of chloropyrimidine derviatives 2a-k and 4a-k were investigated after they were designed, synthesized, and docked against the GLP-1 receptor target. In comparison to exenatide, which was utilized as a reference drug, the three chloropyrimidine synthesized compounds 2c, 2f and 4c exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities. Interestingly, compounds 2c, 2f and 4c showed to be the most effective in lowering blood glucose levels and led to even higher glucose uptake than the reference drug, exenatide. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo data, compounds 4c and 2f had the lowest docking energy scores (Glide-XP score = 5.1 kcal/mol) and the greatest ligand efficiency score (> − 0.40 kcal/mol) among all docked compounds. These findings give up new possibilities for the development of high-efficacy compounds to treat hyperglycemia.
Full chip false timing-path identification (2002)

Static timing analysis sets the industry standard in the design methodology to gage the speed of high performance microprocessors. Unfortunately, not all the paths identified using such analysis can be sensitized. This leads to a pessimistic estimation of processor speed, and the engineering efforts spent optimizing such paths can not improve the performance of the chip. In the past, we demonstrated initial results of how ATPG technique can be used to eliminate false paths efficiently. Due to the gap between the physical design on which the static timing analysis of the chip is based and the test view on which the ATPG technique is applied to eliminate false paths, in many cases only sections of some of the paths in the full-chip were analyzed in our initial results. In this paper, we fully analyze all the timing paths using the ATPG technique overcoming the gap between the testing and timing analysis techniques. We applied our method on the second G4 PowerPC/sup TM/.
A Novel Virus Culture System for Hepatitis C Virus (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a principal cause of post-transfusion and sporadic acute hepatitis. HCV infection persists and causes chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite HCV’s importance, understanding of its life cycle has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate in vitro viral culture system. We isolated full-length HCV cDNA of the JFH-1 strain from a fulminant hepatitis patient, and constructed a JFH-1 subgenomic replicon that replicated efficiently in cultured cells without adaptive mutations. Full-length RNA transcripts were transfected into Huh7 cells, resulting in efficient replication of JFH-1 RNA and secretion of recombinant viral particles into the culture medium. The secreted viral particles were infectious for cultured cells and in a chimpanzee. The infectivity of these viral particles was greater for permissive cell lines than for original Huh7 cell lines. This infectious HCV system is a powerful tool for studying the HCV life cycle and for developing antiviral strategies and effective vaccines.
An integrated query optimization system for data grids (2008)

The disparate and geographically distributed data sources in an enterprise can be integrated using distributed computing technologies such as data grids. The real challenge involved in such data integration efforts is in the design and development of the distributed query processing engine that lie beneath such integrated systems. In the current literature, distributed query processing and optimization is carried out in three distinct phases namely, (1) creation of single node plan, (2) generation of parallel plan, and (3) optimal site selection for plan execution. As considering the three phases in isolation leads to sub-optimal plans, the paper proposes a new distributed query optimization model that integrates all the three phases of the query optimization. This paper also presents different heuristic approaches for solving the proposed integrated distributed query processing problem. Furthermore, the presented system is integrated with a data grid solution and several real-time experiments are conducted to demonstrate its usefulness.
miR-17-92 expression in differentiated T cells - implications for cancer immunotherapy (2010)

The type-2-skewing tumor microenvironment induces the down-regulation of miR-17-92 expression in T cells, thereby diminishing the persistence of tumor-specific T cells and tumor control. Genetic engineering of T cells to express miR-17-92 may represent a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of paraneoplastic antigens reveals TRIM21 autoantibodies as biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer in combination with autoantibodies to NY-ESO-1 and TP53 (2020)

Autoantibodies to TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, and TP53 may complement CA125 in screening of women at genetic risk for ovarian cancer.
Low-power, low-jitter direct digital synthesizer with analog interpolation (2005)

This paper describes a low-power, low-jitter clock generator for system-on-a-chip (SoC) processors. Low-jitter is achieved by using a ROM-less direct digital synthesizer with analog phase interpolation. Low-power is achieved by using differential and feedback replica bias circuit topologies. A 6-bit resolution prototype is implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Results demonstrate that the clock generator's area is 0.12 mm/sup 2/ and it consumes only 1.5 mA of current consumption at 2.5 V. In comparison with other similar state-of-the-art implementations, this represents savings of 37.5/spl times/ and 5.87/spl times/ in area and power consumption, respectively.
A contact-type piezoresistive micro-shear stress sensor for above-knee prosthesis application (2001)

A prototype contact-type micro piezoresistive shear-stress sensor that can be utilized to measure the shear stress between skin of stump and socket of above-knee (AK) prosthesis was designed, fabricated and tested. Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology has been chosen for the design because of the low cost, small size and adaptability to this application. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) package ANSYS has been employed for the stress analysis of the micro shear-stress sensors. The sensors contain two transducers that will transform the stresses into an output voltage. In the developed sensor, a 3000/spl times/3000/spl times/300 /spl mu/m/sup 3/ square membrane is formed by bulk micromachining of an n-type [100] monolithic silicon. The piezoresistive strain gauges were implanted with boron ions with a dose of 10/sup 15/ atoms/cm/sup 2/. Static characteristics of the shear sensor were determined through a series of calibration tests. The fabricated sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.13 mV/mA-MPa for a 1.4 N full scales shear force range and the overall mean hysteresis error is than 3.5%. In addition, the results simulated by FEM are validated by comparison with experimental investigations.
Polarization-Sensitive Multimodal Imaging for Detecting Breast Cancer (2014)

Intraoperative delineation of breast cancer is a significant problem in surgical oncology. A reliable method for demarcation of malignant breast tissue during surgery would reduce the re-excision rate due to positive margins. We present a novel method of identifying breast cancer margins using combined dye-enhanced wide-field fluorescence polarization imaging for en face cancer margins and polarization-sensitive (PS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for cross-sectional evaluation. Tumor specimens were collected following breast surgery, stained with methylene blue, and imaged. Wide-field fluorescence polarization images were excited at 640 nm and registered between 660 and 750 nm. Standard and PS OCT images were acquired using a commercial 1,310-nm swept-source system. The imaging results were validated against histopathology. Statistically significant higher fluorescence polarization of cancer as compared with both normal and fibrocystic tumor tissue was measured in all the samples. Fluorescence polarization delineated lateral breast cancer margins with contrast superior to that provided by OCT. However, OCT complemented fluorescence polarization imaging by facilitating cross-sectional inspection of tissue. PS OCT yielded higher contrast between cancer and connective tissue, as compared with standard OCT. Combined PS OCT and fluorescence polarization imaging shows promise for intraoperative delineation of breast cancer.
Pathways to electrochemical solar-hydrogen technologies (2018)

Several application fields can benefit from solar-hydrogen technologies <italic>via</italic> specific short-term and long-term pathways.
Yeast lysates carrying the nucleoprotein from measles virus vaccine as a novel subunit vaccine platform to deliver Plasmodium circumsporozoite antigen (2017)

This study demonstrates that yeast lysates are an attractive auto-adjuvant and efficient platform for delivering multimeric PbCS on measles N-based RNPs. By combining yeast lysates that carry RNPs with a large panel of Plasmodium antigens, this technology could be applied to developing a multivalent vaccine against malaria.
Effect of Blanch Temperature on Kinetics of Thermal Softening of Carrots and Green Beans (1987)

ABSTRACT Cut green beans and diced carrots were blanched at 100°C and 74°C then canned and processed for 5 min to 300 min at 100°C. In every case the rate of thermal softening was consistent with the two substrate first‐order kinetic theory of thermal softening of vegetable tissue. The low temperature blanch caused some changes in the apparent firstorder rate constants for both substrates, but the major difference was a much higher intercept of the extrapolated substrate S S line on the firmness axis. We define S S at zero process time as the “thermal firmness value” because it is a good indicator of what the firmness of the vegetable will be after canning.
A new vacuum insulated tandem accelerator for detection of explosives and special nuclear materials (2005)

This paper describes a radiation source that can be used to actively interrogate containers, trucks, trains, cars, etc to determine the presence and location of chemical explosives and special nuclear materials such as uranium and plutonium. Active interrogation methods using high energy photon or neutron sources to induce fission are the only feasible option for detection of highly enriched uranium (HEU) because passive detection methods are easily compromised by even moderate amounts of shielding. For detection of chemical explosives, the same active interrogation device can be used to produce resonant photons that can detect nitrogen that is used in most chemical explosives. The accelerator based system described here produces a penetrating beam of high energy photons or neutrons that can "see" inside a sealed container. If chemical explosives or special nuclear materials are present, they will emit a characteristic signal that is detected and interpreted by electronic sensors. Shielded “dirty bombs” can be detected by the attenuation of high energy photons caused by the density of the shield material. The interrogating source of radiation is based upon a new high current negative ion source and high current tandem accelerator. The accelerator accelerates ions and projects them onto an appropriately designed target. The target converts the energy of the ion beam into a high energy highly penetrating photon or neutron beam. The beam is made to pass through the container. If explosives, special nuclear materials or shielded dirty bombs are present, the beam together with a suitable detection system uniquely identifies the location, amount and density of material.
Modified Nukiyama–Tanasawa and Rizk–Lefebvre models to predict droplet size for microconcentric nebulizers with aqueous and organic solvents (2005)

Aerosols characteristic of several organic solvents (hexane, acetone, xylene, toluene, methanol, and ethanol) produced by a direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) are measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) over a wide range of operating conditions (nebulizer gas = 0.2–1.0 L min−1, solvent flow rate = 10–500 μL min−1). The Sauter mean diameter, defined as the volume-to-surface area ratio (D3,2), and cumulative count percent of organic aerosol are measured and compared with those of aqueous droplets. These parameters are chosen because the performance of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) as an excitation and ionization source is affected by the size of the introduced droplets, particularly in the case of direct injection nebulizers where the primary aerosol is directly introduced to the plasma without being filtered by the spray chamber. The size distribution of the droplets demonstrates a notable shift toward smaller droplets, and is generally narrower when organic solvents are used instead of water. This effect is more pronounced for hexane and acetone, having a considerably lower surface tension and viscosity, respectively, compared with water. A D3,2 of 4.6 μm is obtained for hexane, compared with 7.2 μm for aqueous solutions at a nebulizer gas flow rate of 0.2 L min−1 and a solution uptake rate of 50 μL min−1. This decrease in droplet size is less significant for ethanol, methanol, toluene and xylene. Experimental results are also compared to D3,2 values calculated by the Nukiyama–Tanasawa (N–T) equation and Rizk–Lefebvre (R–L) model. While the cited models correctly predict the trend in size variation as a function of nebulizer gas flow rate, and to some extent solvent characteristics, an overestimation and an underestimation of D3,2 is observed for all tested solvents at low nebulizer gas flow rates for the N–T model and the R–L model, respectively. Modified equations are proposed which are capable of predicting D3,2 values for several solvents with greater accuracy.
Voltage-based clustering to identify connectivity relationships in distribution networks (2013)

We present a novel technique to infer connectivity relationships corresponding a set of measurement or monitoring locations in a distribution grid. Our approach uses a time series of voltage measurements from each location and partitions these into clusters based on whether the locations belong to same or different sub-circuits in the grid. For instance, customer meters connected to the same phase may be clustered into one group. The methods allow distributors to verify the connectivity model of their distribution network and also improve its accuracy. Furthermore, the methods support incremental meter deployment and can be applied to any subset of measurement locations. We present initial experimental results with the help of real voltage time series measurements collected from a microgrid.