gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer inking as a micro- and nanopatterning technique (2003)

A polymer inking technique was developed to form micro- and nanopatterns on a substrate. In this process, a polymer thin film is spin coated on a patterned mold. After contacting the substrate at a suitable temperature and pressure, the polymer on the protruded surfaces of the mold is transferred to the substrate and a positive image of the mold is obtained. A selective surface treatment method has been developed to improve the edge smoothness of the inked pattern. During selective surface treatment, the protruded surfaces of the mold are first treated with a flat poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp impregnated with a silane that has medium surface energy. The mold is then immersed into the solution of another silane with very low surface energy to treat the trenches of the mold. Because the surface energy of the sidewalls is lower than that on the protrusions, polymer dewetting from the sidewalls is promoted, which makes the polymer film discontinuous along the edges of patterns. Therefore, inked polymer patterns from the protrusions of the mold show very smooth edges and smaller dimensions compared to that of the mold. The dimension change of the inked pattern is dependent on the selection of polymer materials. It was found that patterns inked from poly(carbonate) showed larger dimension shrinkage (∼75%) compared to that from poly(methyl methacrylate) (∼30%). This offers a viable approach to obtain predictable submicrometer features using a mold with much larger feature sizes.
Encrypted holographic data storage based on orthogonal-phase-code multiplexing (1995)

We describe an encrypted holographic data-storage system that combines orthogonal-phase-code multiplexing with a random-phase key. The system offers the security advantages of random-phase coding but retains the low cross-talk performance and the minimum code storage requirements typical in an orthogonal-phase-code-multiplexing system.
Interband cascade laser on silicon (2018)

Mid-infrared (MIR) silicon photonic systems show great promise for miniaturizing a variety of sensing and detection technologies. Rapid progress has been made in recent years, and numerous passive and active MIR devices have now been constructed on various silicon-based platforms. We previously reported the heterogeneous integration on silicon of Fabry–Perot and distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at 4.8 μm. Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) will be preferred for many on-chip sensing technologies because they operate in the 3–6 μm range with threshold drive powers 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than QCLs. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of ICLs on a silicon substrate. These lasers emit 3.6 μm light into silicon-on-insulator waveguides in pulsed mode at temperatures up to 50°C. This represents an important step toward MIR photonic integrated circuits on silicon that operate with much lower drive power and therefore an even smaller footprint.
MultiHop Light-Trails (MLT) - A Solution to Extended Metro Networks (2009)

A light-trail is a generalization of a lightpath such that multiple nodes can take part in communication along the path. A light-trail exhibits properties of dynamic provisioning, optical multicasting and sub-wavelength grooming and architecturally is analogous to a shared wavelength optical bus with an Out-Of-Band (OOB) control channel. The bus feature results in a node that has a large pass-through loss, and hence restricts the size of a light-trail to metro environments. Within a bus the OOB control channel allows for dynamic real-time arbitration. Due to this limitation, it is difficult to extend the light-trail concept to regional and core networks. In this paper we propose a method to provide multihop communication in light-trails thereby relaxing the limitation in hop count, as well as enhancing reach of communications. We propose node architecture and protocol requirements for creating Multi-hop Light-trails (MLTs). We then discuss design issues for MLTs in regional area networks through problem formulation. A simulations study validates MLTs.
Semi-supervised learning of attribute-value pairs from product descriptions (2007)

We describe an approach to extract attribute-value pairs from product descriptions. This allows us to represent products as sets of such attribute-value pairs to augment product databases. Such a representation is useful for a variety of tasks where treating a product as a set of attribute-value pairs is more useful than as an atomic entity. Examples of such applications include product recommendations, product comparison, and demand forecasting. We formulate the extraction as a classification problem and use a semi-supervised algorithm (co-EM) along with (Naïve Bayes). The extraction system requires very little initial user supervision: using unlabeled data, we automatically extract an initial seed list that serves as training data for the supervised and semi-supervised classification algorithms. Finally, the extracted attributes and values are linked to form pairs using dependency information and co-location scores. We present promising results on product descriptions in two categories of sporting goods. 1
High-power tunable two-color VECSEL for on-demand wavelength generation (2015)

High power, tunable two color lasers are highly suitable for the new wavelengths generation thanks to various nonlinear conversion phenomena. Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are of special interest due to the access to the high intracavity circulating power and wavelength control. We report a novel VECSEL cavity design, which can deliver high power, tunable two color emission. The VECSEL setup is based on a two-chip T-shape cavity configuration which utilizes a polarizing beam splitter to combine two VECSEL cavities. This allows for two-color orthogonally polarized high-power collinear outputs. The two color emission of this kind is ideal for type II nonlinear frequency conversion. A high-Q folded T-cavity is utilized to achieve the combined beams circulating power in excess of 175 W. Intracavity birefringent filters are used to facilitate tunability and wavelength separation between two colors. A configuration of this type is used for high power intracavity type II sum frequency generation, which resulted in tunable blue emission with above 750 mW output, and in the second case a tunable green emission with more than 1.4 W output was obtained. A signal around 1 THz was achieved through type II difference frequency generation in tilted periodically poled lithium niobate. Lastly, a silver thiogallate was utilized to generate mid-IR wavelength around 5.36 μm through type II difference frequency generation.
Comparison of Claudin 18.2 expression in primary tumors and lymph node metastases in Japanese patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (2019)

The high prevalence of CLDN18.2 among Japanese patients with GC supports the therapeutic assessment of zolbetuximab in this population.
Architecture, development and implementation of a SWIR to visible integrated up-conversion imaging device (2016)

A new concept of short wavelength infrared (SWIR) to visible upconversion integrated imaging device is proposed, modeled and some initial measured results are presented. The device is a hybrid inorganic-organic device that comprises six nano-metric scale sub-layers grown on n-type GaAs substrates. The first layer is a ~300nm thick PbSe nano-columnar absorber layer grown in (111) orientation to the substrate plan (100), with a diameter of 8- 10nm and therefore exhibit quantum confinement effects parallel to the substrate and bulk properties perpendicular to it. The advantage of this structure is the high oscillator strength and hence absorption to incoming SWIR photons while maintaining the high bulk mobility of photo-excited charges along the columns. The top of the PbSe absorber layer is coated with 20nm thick metal layer that serves as a dual sided mirror, as well as a potentially surface plasmon enhanced absorption in the PbSe nano-columns layer. The photo-excited charges (holes and electrons in opposite directions) are drifted under an external applied field to the OLED section (that is composed of a hole transport layer, an emission layer and an electron transport layer) where they recombine with injected electron from the transparent cathode and emit visible light through this cathode. Due to the high absorption and enhanced transport properties this architecture has the potential of high quantum efficiency, low cost and easy implementation in any optical system. As a bench-mark, alternative concept where InGaAs/InP heterojunction couple to liquid crystal optical spatial light modulator (OSLM) structure was built that shows a full upconversion to visible of 1550nm laser light.
DNA vaccines targeting heavy chain C-terminal fragments of<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and E induce potent humoral and cellular immunity and provide protection from lethal toxin challenge (2015)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are deadly, toxic proteins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that can cause significant diseases in humans. The use of the toxic substances as potential bioweapons has raised concerns by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Military. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine to prevent botulinum intoxication. Here we present an immunogenicity study to evaluate the efficacy of novel monovalent vaccines and a trivalent cocktail DNA vaccine targeting the heavy chain C-terminal fragments of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and E. These synthetic DNA vaccines induced robust humoral and polyfunctional CD4(+) T-cell responses which fully protected animals against lethal challenge after just 2 immunizations. In addition, naïve animals administered immunized sera mixed with the lethal neurotoxin were 100% protected against intoxication. The data demonstrate the protective efficacy induced by a combinative synthetic DNA vaccine approach. This study has importance for the development of vaccines that provide protective immunity against C. botulinum neurotoxins and other toxins.
Dynamic pressure measurements using silicon carbide transducers (2002)

Pressure sensors capable of operating at higher temperatures have long been sought for testing of aircraft engines, since each improvement in sensor durability opens new areas of the engine to the straightforward measurement of rapidly varying pressures. A silicon carbide pressure sensor has been developed which can operate at 500/spl deg/C, a temperature at which the mechanical properties of silicon, the most commonly used pressure sensor material, are severely degraded. The prototype SiC pressure transducer was successfully tested on a gas turbine engine, thereby demonstrating its ability to survive the hostile engine environment. Testing in a shock tube showed the packaged sensor to have a natural frequency of 30 kHz, which is adequate for many dynamic pressure measurement applications. It is expected that the frequency response could be increased by a simple modification of the package to reduce the setback of the SiC die.
Plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide is increased prior to obesity, and sensory nerve desensitization by capsaicin improves oral glucose tolerance in obese Zucker rats (2005)

We concluded that capsaicin-induced sensory nerve desensitization improves glucose tolerance in Zucker rats. Since, in this study, plasma CGRP levels, a marker of sensory nerve activity, were increased in the pre-obese rats, our data support the hypothesis that increased activity of sensory nerves precedes the development of obesity and insulin resistance in Zucker rats.
Low temperature catalytic desulfurization of carbon-based material, and the use of low sulfur-content carbon in power source applications (1996)

Abstract : The present invention is, in one aspect, a process for removing low-valent sulfur from carbon containing such low-valent sulfur (sulfur-containing carbon), having the step of contacting the sulfur-containing carbon with a platinum oxide in an aqueous environment, for a time sufficient to remove a desired amount of low-valent sulfur from the sulfur-containing carbon, especially from the surface of the carbon. Another aspect of the invention is an electrode, comprising an electrocatalyst or active material for a fuel cell or battery, disposed in a carbon matrix, where the carbon matrix is essentially free of low-valent sulfur adjacent to the active material of the battery electrode or electrocatalyst of the fuel cell electrode. Such an electrode will be suitable for use in a fuel cell or in a battery. Another aspect cf the invention is a fuel cell or a battery using this electrode.
Catalyst solubility and self-doping in ZnS nanostructures (2012)

We demonstrate that the variation in the solubility of the catalyst during nanostructure growth via vapor-liquid-solid technique is dependent on the catalyst dimensions. This property can be exploited in a simple way for controlled doping of the nanostructures. Specifically, we investigate the role of Au droplet size on its solubility in ZnS nanostructures. The size-dependent variations in the surface tension of the catalyst droplet can change its solubility in the nanostructures. The solubility of the catalyst (Au) has been observed to decrease drastically with the increase in its droplet radius. X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the phase, shape, size, and density of nanostructures. XPS results revealed that concentration of Au in the ZnS nanostructures was high for a small Au droplet and dropped considerably with increase in the droplet size. The experimental findings were in good agreement with the theoretical model, based on the thermodynamical equations for the doping in nanowires. The critical size of the catalyst for the surface and core doping is determined for the zinc blende and Wurtzite phases of ZnS. In the end, we show that, by using a suitable catalyst with high miscibility, nanostructures can be doped during growth, thus eliminating a step in the device fabrication.
Reduction of four-wave mixing crosstalk in WDM systems using unequally spaced channels (1994)

Crosstalk due to four-wave mixing (FWM) is the dominant nonlinear effect in long-haul multichannel optical communication systems employing dispersion-shifted fiber. A technique to design the channel frequency allocation in order to minimize the crosstalk due to FWM is presented. It is shown that suitable unequal channel separations can be found for which no four-wave mixing product term is superimposed on any of the transmitted channels. This is obtained at the expense of some expansion of the system bandwidth. Simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of this technique in a 10-channel, 10-Gb/s per channel, system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Angstrom level profilometry for submillimeter- to meter-scale surface errors (1990)

In this paper we define a versatile new noncontacting profilometry approach that offers significant advantages in terms of accuracy, robustness, and flexibility over conventional interferometric or slope measuring approaches. The approach involves measuring the local curvature of the test piece by simultaneously measuring its slope at two slightly displaced locations. As the pair of sensing beams is scanned along the test piece, a profile of curvature is built, from which the height profile is deduced. The sensing of curvature eliminates the need for an interferometric reference surface, and makes the approach insensitive to all types of vibration and drift, both in surface height and in surface slope. Thus, the approach is extremely robust. We have already demonstrated sub-Angstrom accuracy for typical mid-spatial period ranges extending from a fraction of a millimeter to tens of millimeters. In this paper, however, we emphasize several extensions of the measurement technique that make it an extremely versatile profiling approach for a variety of metrology needs. These extensions include beam expansion to make very long scans possible; measurement of circularity and cone angle of near cylindrical optics; and measurement of absolute flatness. We summarize our experimental results obtained to date, and define expected performance levels for these extended measurement functions.
Switch Control Inhibition of KIT and PDGFRA in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Phase I Study of Ripretinib (2020)

Ripretinib is a well-tolerated, novel inhibitor of KIT and PDGFRA mutant kinases with promising activity in patients with refractory advanced GIST.
Application of Full Wavefield Inversion to Deep-water 4D Seismic Surveys - Workflow and Analysis of the Results (2015)

Summary 4D seismic, by taking snapshots of a producing oil/gas field with two seismic surveys (baseline and monitor), provides an effective method for field-wide surveillance and monitoring of the subsurface hydrocarbon production. When production induces large acoustic velocity changes in the reservoir interval, for example, due to gas exsolution and/or gas migration, large time shifts between the seismic reflection events of the baseline survey and those of the monitor survey lead to imaging repeatability problems. Modifications of the baseline velocity model are needed for use to migrate the monitor seismic data ( Chen et al., 2014 ). In this paper, we applied full wavefield inversion (FWI) technology ( Virieux and Operto, 2009 ; Vigh et al., 2011 ) to two vintages of 4D seismic data. Such an application not only yields time lapse changes of the velocity models ( Routh et al., 2012 ), but also the velocity perturbations needed to modify the baseline velocity model to migrate the monitor seismic data. The results were analyzed and evaluated through comparison with well log data, fluid substitution modeling, and reservoir simulation models from a deep-water West Africa field.
Multi-Bank Register File for Increased Performance of Highly-Parallel Processors (2006)

A multi-bank register file architecture for increasing the register-access clock frequency by up to 95 % and an access arbitration method for avoiding degradation of the cycle number based processor performance are reported. A 4-bank test design in 200 nm gate-length CMOS with 12 ports and 128 registers has 0.39 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area and operates at up to 417 MHz
Contextual Residual Aggregation for Ultra High-Resolution Image Inpainting (2020)

Recently data-driven image inpainting methods have made inspiring progress, impacting fundamental image editing tasks such as object removal and damaged image repairing. These methods are more effective than classic approaches, however, due to memory limitations they can only handle low-resolution inputs, typically smaller than 1K. Meanwhile, the resolution of photos captured with mobile devices increases up to 8K. Naive up-sampling of the low-resolution inpainted result can merely yield a large yet blurry result. Whereas, adding a high-frequency residual image onto the large blurry image can generate a sharp result, rich in details and textures. Motivated by this, we propose a Contextual Residual Aggregation (CRA) mechanism that can produce high-frequency residuals for missing contents by weighted aggregating residuals from contextual patches, thus only requiring a low-resolution prediction from the network. Since convolutional layers of the neural network only need to operate on low-resolution inputs and outputs, the cost of memory and computing power is thus well suppressed. Moreover, the need for high-resolution training datasets is alleviated. In our experiments, we train the proposed model on small images with resolutions 512 × 512 and perform inference on high-resolution images, achieving compelling inpainting quality. Our model can inpaint images as large as 8K with considerable hole sizes, which is intractable with previous learning-based approaches. We further elaborate on the light-weight design of the network architecture, achieving real-time performance on 2K images on a GTX 1080 Ti GPU. Codes are available at: https://github. com/Ascend-Huawei/Ascend-Canada/tree/ master/Models/Research_HiFIll_Model.
Abstract 4358: Monoclonal antibodies to Notch receptors may enable targeting of tumor autonomous and tumor micro-environmental processes (2011)

Abstract AVEO has developed a series of inducible mouse models of cancer which, through the preservation of critical tumor/stromal interactions, facilitate identification of cell-surface and secreted proteins that represent viable targets for therapeutic antibodies and other biologics. Functional genetic screens performed in vivo in these models identified the Notch pathway as a critical regulator of tumor maintenance. This finding is consistent with emerging evidence that activation of Notch signaling via receptor point mutation, receptor amplification, and elevated receptor and ligand expression, plays a key role in various human cancers. Moreover, the Notch pathway controls diverse aspects of tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance, regulating tumor autonomous processes and interactions with the microenvironment, including angiogenesis. To further understand the role of the Notch pathway in tumor maintenance, and to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting the Notch pathway in cancer, we have generated monoclonal antibodies that inhibit various Notch receptors. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting Notch1 or Notch3 through cell-based and biochemical studies demonstrated that these antibodies bound with high affinity and high specificity to the ligand binding domains of the Notch receptors, prevented ligand mediated activation of the target receptor, and specifically repressed Notch-dependent signaling with high potency. Effective inhibition of functional angiogenesis was observed upon anti-Notch1 antibody treatment in both in vitro and in vivo models. Significantly, specific inhibition of Notch1 by this antibody did not result in the dose-limiting gut toxicity observed with pan-Notch inhibitors such as gamma-secretase inhibitors. Humanized versions of the Notch1 monoclonal antibodies have been generated and characterized. Inhibition of tumor growth by the Notch3 monoclonal antibody was effected through tumor cell autonomous mechanisms. To identify tumors that are dependent upon tumor autonomous Notch signaling, gene expression profiles were correlated with Notch pathway dependence in human cancer cell lines. Expression of specific downstream targets was highly correlated with sensitivity of human cancer cell lines to inhibition of ligand-dependent Notch signal. This biomarker of Notch pathway dependence successfully predicted that a subset of Kras mutant pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines would be highly sensitive to Notch pathway inhibition. Moreover, identification of Notch1 and Notch3-specific target genes further enables selection of tumors that will respond to monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting one or other, or both of these receptors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4358. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4358