gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and biochemical characterization of atroxase, a nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic protease from western diamondback rattlesnake venom (1988)

Crotalus atrox venom contains a variety of proteases which render fibrinogen incoagulable and solubilize fibrin. One of these proteases was purified by using ion-exchange and gel permeation liquid chromatography. The protease, called atroxase, consists of a single nonglycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 23,500 and an isoelectric point of pH 9.6. Amino acid analysis indicates atroxase to contain 206 residues with no sulfhydryl groups. Metal analysis found zinc and potassium at 1 mol/mol of protein, and calcium at 0.3 mol/mol of protein. Proteolytic activity is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Maximal proteolytic activity occurs at pH 9.0 and 55 degrees C. Proteolytic specificity, using oxidized insulin B chain, is similar to that of several hemorrhagic toxins found within the same venom, yet atroxase shows no hemorrhagic activity and exhibits low lethality when tested on Swiss Webster mice. Atroxase, an A alpha, B beta fibrinogenase, cleaves the A alpha chain of fibrinogen first followed by the B beta chain and shows no effect on the gamma chain. The nonspecific action of the enzyme results in the extensive hydrolysis of fibrinogen which releases a variety of fibrinopeptides. Fibrin solubilization appears to occur primarily from the hydrolysis of alpha-polymer and unpolymerized alpha and beta chains. Although crude venom induces platelet aggregation, atroxase demonstrated no ability to induce or inhibit aggregation.
Tin Networked Electrode Providing Enhanced Volumetric Capacity and Pressureless Operation for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries (2015)

Pure tin (Sn) metal nano-powder is investigated as a high capacity negative electrode for rechargeable all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Sn is used to form a fully dense network intertwining with solid electrolyte negating necessary conductive additive. Galvanostatic cycling of the Sn composite electrode delivers a reversible capacity 800 mAh g−1 of Sn with a constant coulombic efficiency over 99.2%. We report on the effect of pressure and rate upon the delithiation mechanics, drawing correlations between Sn volume increase factors and stress accumulation over the course of Sn-Li phase transformations. Due to the fabricated electrode microstructure, we are able to operate the cell at ambient pressure conditions – the next step toward commercialization of the solid-state battery. We believe that this initial work provides new opportunities to study the electrochemical expansion of Sn with the inclusion of rigid electrolyte particles.
The Prospect of FKBP51 as a Drug Target (2012)

The FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is best known as an Hsp90-associated co-chaperone that regulates the responsiveness of steroid hormone receptors. In human genetic association studies, FKBP51 has repeatedly been associated with emotion processing and numerous stress-related affective disorders. It has also been implicated in contributing to the glucocorticoid hyposensitivity observed in New World primates. More recently, several research groups have consistently shown a protective effect of FKBP51 knockout or knockdown on stress endocrinology and stress-coping behavior in animal models of depression and anxiety. The principal druggability of FKBP51 is exemplified by the prototypic FKBP ligands FK506 and rapamycin. Moreover, FKBP51 is highly suited for X-ray co-crystallography, which should facilitate the rational drug design of improved FKBP51 ligands. In summary, FKBP51 has emerged as a promising new drug target for stress-related disorders that should be amenable to drug discovery.
Recent advances in the heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways (2013)

The heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways coupled with advanced DNA engineering enables optimisation of product yields, functional elucidation of cryptic gene clusters, and generation of novel derivatives. This review summarises the recent advances in cloning and maintenance of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters for heterologous expression and the efforts fundamental for discovering novel natural products in the post-genomics era, with a focus on polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetases (NRPS).
Design and Implementation of a New Nonradioactive-Based Machine for Detecting Oil–Water Interfaces in Oil Tanks (2007)

In the oil industry, many applications require the measurement of more than one liquid level interface, often in challenging environments. In this paper, a new ultrasonic-based technique has been developed to determine oil, emulsion, and water levels in oil tanks. It consists of a compact and programmable ultrasound-based multilayer level measurement device for which a feed-forward neural network is implemented. The advantages of this method over current methods include contactless distance measurement, higher accuracy, lower cost, simpler setup, and not using ionizing radiation. The other advantage of this technique over light-based methods is its insensitivity to a dusty and smoky environment and independence of the object material and surface. Preliminary experiments have been conducted on the device. In this paper, the design and operating parameters of the device are discussed, and evidence of satisfactory performance is given.
Assessment of the use of the <i>Salmonella</i> mutagenesis assay to determine the influence of antioxidants on carcinogen‐induced mutagenesis (1979)

Abstract The Salmonella mutagenesis assay was used to study the influence of antioxidants on the mutagenic activities of carcinogens. The assay allowed us to determine which antioxidant would affect a carcinogen's in vitro mutagenic activity as well as to estimate the relative effectiveness of each antioxidant as a carcinogen inhibitor. Antioxidants studied included cysteamine, disulfiram, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gal late, sodium selenite, sodium bisulfite, α‐tocopherol succinate and sodium ascorbate. The mutagenic activity of N ‐methyl‐ N '‐nitro‐ N ‐nitrosoguanidine was most effectively inhibited by cysteamine and sodium bisulfite with selenite, propyl gallate and sodium ascorbate being only slightly less effective. Propyl gal late, selenite and cysteamine had a similar ability to inhibit N ‐acetoxy‐2‐acetylaminofluorene‐induced mutagenesis, whereas the addition of sodium bisulfite, sodium ascorbate and disulfiram had no detectable inhibitory effect on this carcinogen. Butylated hydroxyanisole and α‐tocopherol succinate did not affect the mutagenic activity of either carcinogen. It was also observed that dimethyl sulfoxide, when used as a solvent, could significantly affect the measurement of an antioxidant's efficiency as an inhibitor of carcinogen‐induced mutagenesis. The results obtained indicate the necessity of studying an antioxidant's effect on numerous carcinogens prior to drawing any conclusions as to the potential use of the antioxidant as a carcinogen inhibitor.
Double heterojunction bipolar transistors with chirped InGaAs/InP superlattice base-collector junction grown by CBE (2002)

We report the performance of InP DHBTs with a chirped InGaAs/InP superlattice B-C junction grown by CBE. The B-C junction of the DHBT was graded with a 10-period InGaAs/InP chirped superlattice (CSL) between the InGaAs base and the lightly doped InP collector. A highly doped thin layer was also included at the end of the CSL to offset the quasielectric field arising from the grade and suppress further the carrier blocking effect across the B-C heterojunction. The InP/InGaAs CSL DHBT demonstrated a high BV/sub C/F/sub EO/ of 18 V with a typical current gain of 55 with minimal carrier blocking up to high current densities. Maximum cutoff frequencies of f/sub max/=146 GHz and f/sub /spl tau//=71 GHz were obtained from the fabricated 2/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/-emitter DHBT.
Adsorption, persistence and bioavailability of napropamide in soil (2016)

Soil adsorption is generally recognized as a key to controlling the fate and transports of a pesticide in environment, and it also affects the persistence and bioavailability of pesticide. The present study was conducted to investigate the adsorption, persistence and bioavailability of the herbicide napropamide in soils with different properties using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Soil adsorption of napropamide was determined using the batch equilibration technique described by a Freundlich isotherm equation with correlation coefficients (r)>0.99. Regression of adsorption coefficient (Kf) against selected soil indicates that organic matter (OM) content was the most influential factor governing adsorption of napropamide (P < 0.01) followed by clay content (P < 0.1). Napropamide had relatively longer persistence in soil, and its degradation in soil followed the first-order kinetics with the half-lives (t50) varying from 61.3 to 97.6 d, which appeared to decrease with soil OM content. The persistence of napropamide in sterilized soil was 2.09-3.65 times longer than that in the corresponding unsterilized soil, which indicated that microorganisms were the predominant contributors for the dissipation of napropamide in soil. Uptake and bioaccumulation of napropamide in soil by earthworm Eisenia foetida also mainly depended upon soil properties, especially the level of OM content (P < 0.05). The Kf values of napropamide were negatively correlated with t50 (r=-0.885, P < 0.05) and the bioaccumulation factor (r=-0.796, P < 0.05). The corresponding linear regression equation was t50=94.210-3.535 Kf and BAF=0.264-0.014 Kf, respectively. The results here revealed the potential of using the adsorption coefficient Kf as the model to evaluate the persistence and bioavailability of napropamide in soil.
Emotion Recognition from Non‐Frontal Facial Images (2015)

This chapter reviews the recent advances of the current non-frontal facial emotion recognition methods, including the three-dimensional (3D) facial expression recognition and multiview facial expression recognition. It first gives a brief introduction of the facial emotion recognition methods. The chapter then briefly reviews the facial expression databases that are commonly used for the non-frontal facial emotion recognition researches. The method of using of 3D face model for face recognition has been proven to achieve better recognition results than 2D facial images due to its robustness to the poses, scales, and lighting variations. To perform the emotion classification, one may choose a classifier, for example, the support vector machine or Adaboost, and then classify each 3D face model into one of the basic emotion categories based on the geometric features.
Insulin resistance (1990)

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Current Opinion in Cardiology 1990, 5:586–593
Inhibition of Neutrophil Elastase by α1-Protease Inhibitor at the Surface of Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (2005)

The uncontrolled proteolytic activity in lung secretions during lung inflammatory diseases might be due to the resistance of membrane-bound proteases to inhibition. We have used a new fluorogenic neutrophil elastase substrate to measure the activity of free and membrane-bound human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in the presence of alpha1-protease inhibitor (alpha1-Pi), the main physiological inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases in lung secretions. Fixed and unfixed neutrophils bore the same amounts of active HNE at their surface. However, the HNE bound to the surface of unfixed neutrophils was fully inhibited by stoichiometric amounts of alpha1-Pi, unlike that of fixed neutrophils. The rate of inhibition of HNE bound to the surface of unfixed neutrophils was the same as that of free HNE. In the presence of alpha1-Pi, membrane-bound elastase is almost entirely removed from the unfixed neutrophil membrane to form soluble irreversible complexes. This was confirmed by flow cytometry using an anti-HNE mAb. HNE activity rapidly reappeared at the surface of HNE-depleted cells when they were triggered with the calcium ionophore A23187, and this activity was fully inhibited by stoichiometric amounts of alpha1-Pi. HNE was not released from the cell surface by oxidized, inactive alpha1-Pi, showing that active inhibitor is required to interact with active protease from the cell surface. We conclude that HNE activity at the surface of human neutrophils is fully controlled by alpha1-Pi when the cells are in suspension. Pericellular proteolysis could be limited to zones of contact between neutrophils and subjacent protease substrates where natural inhibitors cannot penetrate.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Deficiency Exacerbates Cerebral Infarction After Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Mice (2002)

These results suggest that mitochondrial O2*- production may be a critical step underlying the mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion injury and that MnSOD may protect against ongoing oxidative cell death after ischemia/reperfusion.
Indigenous plants in traditional healthcare system in Kedarnath valley of western Himalaya (2008)

The study deals with the indigenous plants used in traditional healthcare in Kedamath valley of Uttarakhand in western Himalaya. A total 130 plant species belonging to 94 genera and 62 families have been identified. Of these, 21 species are trees, 19 species are shrubs and 90 species are herbs. These species diversity are described for their distribution, utilisation pattern, and indigenous uses. The roots, rhizomes, bulbs, stems, tubers, leaves, barks, fruits and seeds are used for treatment of different ailments. The plants are rare (30 sp), endangered (15 sp), and vulnerable (3 sp) and common (82). As per their population structure, several anthropogenic and natural causes are analysed for their threatened status. The study is a first attempt to study the medicinal plants of the Kedamath valley area. Documentation of traditional knowledge on the ethnomedicinal use of these plants was studied.
Human mitochondrial ferritin improves respiratory function in yeast mutants deficient in iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis, but is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin (2012)

We overexpressed human mitochondrial ferritin in frataxin-deficient yeast cells (Δyfh1), but also in another mutant affected in [Fe-S] assembly (Δggc1). Ferritin was correctly processed and expressed in the mitochondria of these cells, but the fraction of total mitochondrial iron bound to ferritin was very low, and most of the iron remained in the form of insoluble particles of ferric phosphate in these mitochondria, as evidenced by gel filtration analysis of the mitochondrial matrix (fast protein liquid chromatography [FPLC]) and by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mutant cells in which ferritin was overexpressed still accumulated iron in the mitochondria and remained deficient in [Fe-S] assembly, suggesting that human mitochondrial ferritin is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin. However, the respiratory function was improved in these mutants, which correlates with an improvement of cytochrome and heme synthesis. Overexpression of mitochondrial ferritin in [Fe-S] mutants resulted in the appearance of a small pool of high-spin ferrous iron in the mitochondria, which was probably responsible for the improvement of heme synthesis and of the respiratory function in these mutants.
Iminophosphanes: Unconventional Compounds of Main Group Elements (1991)

Abstract The large number of known stable compounds in which phosphorus has a low coordination number makes it clear that such compounds can no longer be regarded as “exotic” in main group chemistry. While the rich chemistry of PC multiply bonded systems makes clear their affinity to their organic congeners, iminophosphanes in particular are also of increasing importance. The linkage of a phosphinidine fragment with an imine fragment via a multiple bond gives rise to a class of compounds with an unusually wide range of structural types. This in turn leads to a broad spectrum of chemical behavior which makes iminophosphanes extremely useful synthetic building blocks in organoelement chemistry.
The plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains MEP218 and ARP23 capable of producing the cyclic lipopeptides iturin or surfactin and fengycin are effective in biocontrol of sclerotinia stem rot disease (2011)

Sclerotinia stem rot was ranked as one of the most severe soybean disease in Argentina and worldwide. The results of this study showed the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens strains ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18 to control plant diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.
High and flattened gain of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2002)

Recently, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which have wavelength-independent gain have been intensively researched. For most EDFAs, the gain shape of the gain spectrum depends on the operating gain level and the wavelength range. Moreover, the small signal gain in the wavelength range is low. In this paper, we focused on the performance potential of a gain flatness in the wavelength range 1544-1559 nm.
Sequence analysis of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome region between the serA and kdg loci cloned in a yeast artificial chromosome (1996)

The standard strategies of genome sequencing based on lambda-vector or cosmid libraries are only partially applicable to AT-rich Gram-positive bacteria because of the problem of instability of their chromosomal DNA in heterologous hosts like Escherichia coli. One complete collection of ordered clones known for such bacteria is that of Bacillus subtilis, established by using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). This paper reports the results of the direct use of one of the YAC clones from the above collection for the sequencing of the region cloned in it. The strategy applied consisted of the following: (i) construction of M13 banks of the partially purified YAC DNA and sequencing of 800 M13 clones chosen at random; (ii) directed selection of M13 clones to sequence by using marginal contig fragments as hybridization probes; (iii) direct sequencing of joining PCR fragments obtained by combinations of primers corresponding to the ends of representative contigs. The complete 104,109 bp insert sequence of this YAC clone was thus established. The strategy used allowed us to avoid resequencing the two largest, previously sequenced, contigs (13,695 and 20,303 bp) of the YAC insert. We propose that the strategy used can be applied to the sequencing of the whole bacterial genome without intermediate cloning, as well as for larger inserts of eukaryotic origin cloned in YACs. Sequencing of the insert of the YAC clone 15-6B allowed us to establish the contiguous sequence of 127 kb from spollA to kdg. The organization of the newly determined region is presented. Of the 138 ORFs identified in the spollA-kdg region, 57 have no clear putative function from their homology to proteins in the databases.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 expression in pelvic lymph nodes predicts the risk of cancer progression after radical prostatectomy (2009)

Recent studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells precede the arrival of tumor cells and form clusters that may portend sites of future metastatic disease. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether VEGFR1 expression in pelvic lymph nodes predicts the risk of prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy. VEGFR1 expression in pelvic lymph nodes was examined by immunohistochemistry in 95 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. A cluster of VEGFR1-positive cells was considered positive. Expression of VEGFR1 in pelvic lymph nodes and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy were examined by univariate survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Thirty-seven of 79 lymph node-negative patients (46.8%) were found to have VEGFR1-positive cells in their pelvic lymph nodes, whereas 16 of 16 lymph node metastasis-positive patients (100%) had VEGFR1 clusters. There was a significant correlation between pathological stage and VEGFR1 staining (P = 0.002). Univariate analysis showed that pathological stage > or = pT3 and VEGFR1 expression in pelvic lymph nodes were each significantly associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Multivariate analysis showed VEGFR1 expression to be an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (risk ratio = 5.715, P = 0.010), as was preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > or = 10 ng/mL. Although larger validation studies are required, our results suggest that VEGFR1 expression in pelvic lymph nodes predicts the risk of biochemical PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
Short-range clutter suppression method combining oblique projection and interpolation in airborne CFA radar (2021)

The airborne conformai array (CFA) radar's clutter ridges are range-modulated, which result in a bias in the estimation of the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) of the cell under test (CUT), further, reducing the clutter suppression performance of the airborne CFA radar. The clutter ridges can be effectively compensated by the space-time separation interpolation (STS-INT) method, which costs less computation than the space-time interpolation (STINT) method, but the performance of interpolation algorithms is seriously affected by the short-range clutter, especially near the platform height. Location distributions of CFA are free, which yields serious impact that range spaces of steering vector matrices are non-orthogonal complement and even no longer disjoint. Further, a new method is proposed that the short-range clutter is pre-processed by oblique projection with the intersected range spaces (OPIRS), and then clutter data after being pre-processed are compensated to the desired range bin through the STSINT method. The OPIRS also has good compatibility and can be used in combination with many existing methods. At the same time, oblique projectors of OPIRS can be obtained in advance, so the proposed method has almost the same computational load as the traditional compensation method. In addition, the proposed method can perform well when the channel error exists. Computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An OHSS-Free Clinic by segmentation of IVF treatment (2011)

Published data indicate a significant increase in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome globally. The occurrence of approximately three maternal deaths per 100,000 stimulated women has been reported, and extrapolation of these figures to a global situation would give an impressive number. The syndrome can be erased by applying ovarian stimulation using the combination of GnRH antagonist with GnRH agonist to trigger ovulation. In this case, the strategy is to freeze all of the oocytes or embryos for later use.