gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Startup error detection and containment to improve the robustness of hybrid FlexRay networks (2014)

The research and development on in-vehicle networks (IVNs) is driven by two main requirements: bandwidth and robustness. In this paper we address the robustness requirement. We focus on FlexRay IVNs that are used for safety-critical applications. We analyze and discuss faults that may affect the startup and operation of a FlexRay network. These failures may not only occur during the startup phase of the vehicle, but they may also happen due to a bus problem that requires the bus to be reinitialized during normal operation. Here any startup failure leads to a critical situation like a brake system failure. The fault scenarios we discuss in this paper are the resetting leading coldstart node (RLCN), the deaf coldstart node (DCN), and the babbling idiot (BI). These faults are described in literature, but neither the precise behavior of all involved nodes, nor a clear solution is provided to contain their impact. The idea of a bus guardian (BG) is given in a draft specification of the FlexRay consortium, but no details are given. In this paper, we extend on these ideas by investigating and implementing a detailed (BG) concept, based on our fault analysis. We subsequently evaluate the successful containment of the three fault types in simulation. We also quantify the chip area cost of our solution.
Eddy Current Imaging For the Non-destructive Evaluation of Large Metallic Structures (2006)

The authors present a prototype of an eddy current imager dedicated to the high speed inspection of aeronautic riveted lap joints. The system provides high resolution images of the complex magnetic field distribution at the surface of the inspected structure, and allows thorough defect characterization to be achieved. The system was implemented for the detection of buried notches placed next to the rivets of a laboratory made lap joint mock-up. Associated to a dedicated signal processing method, the system allows 6 mm deep EDM notches (0.2mm'3mm'7mm) to be detected and localized within the depth of the inspected structure, and appears very promising for the characterization of buried defects in actual riveted lap joints.
APEnet+: a 3D Torus network optimized for GPU-based HPC Systems (2012)

In the supercomputing arena, the strong rise of GPU-accelerated clusters is a matter of fact. Within INFN, we proposed an initiative — the QUonG project — whose aim is to deploy a high performance computing system dedicated to scientific computations leveraging on commodity multi-core processors coupled with latest generation GPUs.
Functional organization of the major late transcriptional unit of canine adenovirus type 2 (2009)

Vectors derived from canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) are attractive candidates for gene therapy and live recombinant vaccines. CAV-2 vectors described thus far have been generated by modifying the virus genome, most notably early regions 1 and 3 or the fiber gene. Modification of these genes was underpinned by previous descriptions of their mRNA and protein-coding sequences. Similarly, the construction of new CAV-2 vectors bearing changes in other genomic regions, in particular many of those expressed late in the viral cycle, will require prior characterization of the corresponding transcriptional units. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the late transcriptional organization of the CAV-2 genome. We examined the major late transcription unit (MLTU) and determined its six families of mRNAs controlled by the putative major late promoter (MLP). All mRNAs expressed from the MLTU had a common non-coding tripartite leader (224 nt) at their 5' end. In transient transfection assays, the predicted MLP sequence was able to direct luciferase gene expression and the TPL sequence yielded a higher amount of transgene product. Identification of viral transcriptional products following in vitro infection confirmed most of the predicted protein-coding regions that were deduced from computer analysis of the CAV-2 genome. These findings contribute to a better understanding of gene expression in CAV-2 and lay the foundation required for genetic modifications aimed at vector optimization.
Lymphatic manifestations of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. (2014)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a slowly progressive, low grade, metastasizing neoplasm, associated with cellular invasion and cystic destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma. Although the source of LAM cells that infiltrate the lung is unknown, available evidence indicates that the disease spreads primarily through lymphatic channels, often involving abdominal, axial, and retroperitoneal nodes, suggestive of an origin in the pelvis. LAM cells harbor mutations in tuberous sclerosis genes and produce lymphangiogenic growth factors, which facilitate access to and movement through the lymphatic system and likely play an important role in destructive tissue remodeling in the lung. Lymphatic manifestations of LAM include thoracic duct wall invasion, lymphangioleiomyoma formation, chylous fluid collections in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial spaces, chyloptysis, chylocolporrheal chylometrorrhea, chyle leak from the umbilicus, chylous pulmonary congestion, and lower extremity lymphedema. LAM lesions express lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D; growth factor receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3; and markers LYVE-1 and podoplanin, and are laced with chaotic lymphatic channels. Serum VEGF-D is elevated in 70% of patients with LAM and is a clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Molecular targeted therapy with sirolimus stabilizes lung function, is anti-lymphangiogenic, and is highly effective for the lymphatic and chylous complications of LAM. Future trials in patients with LAM who have lymphatic manifestations or elevated serum VEGF-D will likely focus on the VEGF-C/VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 axis.
Poaceae-specific<i>MS1</i>encodes a phospholipid-binding protein for male fertility in bread wheat (2017)

Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops, including rice and wheat. However, compared with the high percentage of hybrid rice planted in the world, little commercial hybrid wheat is planted globally as a result of the lack of a suitable system for male sterility. Therefore, understanding the molecular nature of male fertility in wheat is critical for commercially viable hybrid wheat. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of <i>Male Sterility 1</i> (<i>Ms1</i>) in bread wheat by using a combination of advanced genomic approaches. <i>MS1</i> is a newly evolved gene in the Poaceae that is specifically expressed in microsporocytes, and is essential for microgametogenesis. Orthologs of <i>Ms1</i> are expressed in diploid and allotetraploid ancestral species. Orthologs of <i>Ms1</i> are epigenetically silenced in the A and D subgenomes of allohexaploid wheat; only <i>Ms1</i> from the B subgenome is expressed. The encoded protein, Ms1, is localized to plastid and mitochondrial membranes, where it exhibits phospholipid-binding activity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of commercially viable hybrid wheat.
High uniformity in angular correlated-color-temperature distribution of white LEDs from 2800K to 6500K (2012)

In this paper, to our best knowledge, it is the first time to present a precise simulation and detailed design of angular correlated color temperature (CCT) distribution of white LEDs covering a range of CCT from 2800K to 6500K. An optimized design of packaging structure with a silicone lens covering a phosphor dome performed an extreme small angular CCT deviation of 105K in the simulation and 182K in a corresponding real sample for a white LED with the CCT near 6500K.
Expert System Control of Plant Growth in an Enclosed Space (2008)

The Expert System is an enclosed, controlled environment for growing plants, which incorporates a computerized, knowledge-based software program that is designed to capture the knowledge, experience, and problem-solving skills of one or more human experts in a particular discipline. The Expert System is trained to analyze crop/plant status, to monitor the condition of the plants and the environment, and to adjust operational parameters to optimize the plant-growth process. This system is intended to provide a way to remotely control plant growth with little or no human intervention. More specifically, the term control implies an autonomous method for detecting plant states such as health (biomass) or stress and then for recommending and implementing cultivation and/or remediation to optimize plant growth and to minimize consumption of energy and nutrients. Because of difficulties associated with delivering energy and nutrients remotely, a key feature of this Expert System is its ability to minimize this effort and to achieve optimum growth while taking into account the diverse range of environmental considerations that exist in an enclosed environment. The plant-growth environment for the Expert System could be made from a variety of structures, including a greenhouse, an underground cavern, or another enclosed chamber. Imaging equipment positioned within or around the chamber provides spatially distributed crop/plant-growth information. Sensors mounted in the chamber provide data and information pertaining to environmental conditions that could affect plant development. Lamps in the growth environment structure supply illumination, and other additional equipment in the chamber supplies essential nutrients and chemicals.
Design of Phosphorus-Containing MWIR Type-II Superlattices for Infrared Photon Detectors (2012)

Type-II strained layer superlattices (SLSs) offer a broad range of design degrees of freedom to help optimize their properties as absorber layers of infrared photon detectors. We theoretically examine a new class of mid-wavelength infrared (2-5 μm bandpass) Type-II structures with two-layer InGaSb/InPSb and four-layer InAs/GaSb/InAs/InPSb SLS periods. Phosphorous-containing SLSs are a promising approach to improving infrared photon detector performance due to providing a new set of material properties, including favorable valence band offsets. P-based SLSs of four-layer type InAs/GaSb/InAs/InPSb were found to be among the best 5-μm gap SLSs that we have modeled. Among the studied designs, the lowest dark current in an ideal structure is predicted for a four-layer 23.6 Å InAs/20 Å GaSb/23.6 Å InAs/60 Å InP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.62</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.38</sub> SLS. Its predicted ideal dark current is about 35 times lower than an n-type HgCdTe-based photodiode absorber and six times lower than a p-type HgCdTe one for the same bandgap, temperature, and dopant concentration. We also discuss a defect mitigation strategy that involves positioning the SLS gap in an energy range that avoids defect levels and show how this applies to the aforementioned P-containing SLS.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Paramyxovirus Type 4 from North America Reveals a Shorter Genome and New Genotype (2013)

An avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4) was isolated from a duck in Delaware in 2010. Its genome is 15,048 nucleotides (nt) long, which is shorter by 6 nt than those for all previously reported strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain formed a separate cluster within APMV-4 strains.
Long term sustainability of differentially reliable systems in the dark silicon era (2013)

As transistor miniaturization continues, providing robustness and computational correctness comes with rising power, performance, and area overhead costs. However, the diversity of software error tolerance is increasing as modern society embraces ubiquitous computing. This diversity can be exploited by differentially reliable (DR) multicore systems. The rising level of dark silicon-the portion of a chip that must remain inactive due to power budget constraints-makes such DR systems even more attractive when compared to homogeneous designs because power efficiency is improved with the increased flexibility of dynamically selecting appropriate cores for a given software workload. However, ensuring the long-term sustainability of these DR systems is a profound challenge. Asymmetric utilization of cores, differential aging degradation, and manufacturing process variation alter the relative reliability of DR system components, degrading and even eliminating the energy efficiency advantage. In this paper, we propose a feedback control based thread-to-core mapping framework to ensure longterm sustainability and extend the energy efficiency of a DR system. Over a ten-year lifespan, we analyze our approach on two DR design techniques and respectively demonstrate 14.4-16.3% and 26.1-31.0% in sustained energy-efficiency benefits, surpassing the recently proposed race-to-idle approach.
A simple method to estimate phosphorus mobilization in hemodialysis using only predialytic and postdialytic blood samples (2011)

We have recently developed a pseudo one-compartment model to describe intradialytic and postdialytic rebound kinetics of plasma phosphorus. In this model, individual patient differences in phosphorus kinetics were characterized by a single parameter; the phosphorus mobilization clearance (K(M) ). In this work, we propose a simple method to estimate K(M) from predialytic and postdialytic plasma phosphorus concentrations. Clinical data were collected from 22 chronic hemodialysis patients that underwent a 4-hour treatment session. A simple algebraic equation was derived from the pseudo one-compartment model to determine K(M) from predialytic and postdialytic plasma phosphorus concentrations. K(M) values computed using this equation were compared with values obtained from nonlinear regression of the full kinetic model to frequent intradialytic and postdialytic measurements of plasma phosphorus concentrations. There was good agreement between K(M) values (concordance correlation coefficient of 0.94) obtained from the simple method (105 ± 52 mL/min, mean ± SD) and from the full model (99 ± 47 mL/min). The 95% confidence interval for the difference between estimated K(M) values was -26 to 36 mL/min. The proposed simple method requires the use of only predialytic and postdialytic blood samples to estimate patient specific K(M) ; this approach may allow easy clinical evaluation of phosphorus kinetics in hemodialysis patients.
Accurate temperature sensor system based on linear-cavity fiber laser array (2003)

,An accurate temperature sensor system based on linear-cavity fiber laser array is proposed in this paper. We establish a general theoretical model for this sensor system and analyze its performance. This fiber Bragg grating sensor system can resolve a temperature up to 0.0005/spl deg/C, theoretically. Such high resolution results from a discriminating fiber grating pair and a high signal-to-noise ratio fiber laser array with self-equalized and self-enhanced lasing power. The proposed fiber laser sensor system could be used for temperature sensing with high precision in bio-medical applications.
Wireless Network for Real-Time Detection of Pipeline Leakages (2019)

Despite the fact that pipelines remain the safest means of oil and gas transportation, incidents still persist and pipeline acceptance from the public has become compromised. In an attempt to address this growing problem, a novel pipeline system is proposed. This concept involves segmenting the pipeline system with segmentation rings and embedding a linear wireless network in the annular airgap between the two pipe layers. Presence of fluid in the case of a leakage into the interpipe space causes degradation of the wireless network to a point of interrupting the communication in a particular pipeline segment far before any external leak occurring.
Regeneration of metallic methanation catalysts (1980)

Auger electron sepctroscopy and quadrupole mass analyses of sulfur poisoning and regeneration of alumina- and titanium oxide-supported nickel catalysts showed that the surface nickel sulfide formed, NiS, has a free energy of formation, at 550/sup 0/C, of -24 kcal/mole, compared with -12 kcal/mole for bulk nickel sulfide, Ni/sub 3/S/sub 2/, i.e., the surface sulfide was more stable; and that complete oxidation of the surface oxide was possible, provided the regeneration conditions were selected to prevent the more rapidly forming nickel oxide from encapsulating the surface sulfur, e.g., 3 ppm oxygen in nitrogen and greater than or equal to 400/sup 0/C. Regeneration of a titanium oxide-supported sulfur-poisoned nickel catalyst in three stages of 6, 10, and 8 days, respectively, with low oxygen concentrations at elevated temperatures recovered the initial activity. An alumina-supported commercial catalyst was regenerated under similar conditions, but oxygen concentrations had to be kept at approx. 1 ppm.
High-power passive-cooled diode laser device (2003)

In order to achieve a thermally stable diode laser system based on high power diode laser bars, actively cooled heatsinks in form of micro channel heat sinks (MCHS) are used to face the power loss density of 10<sup>6</sup> W/m<sup>2</sup> while requiring a minimum device volume. At identical junction temperature, passively cooled diode lasers are usually lower in power and the device volume is much higher due to the heat flux spreading design of passive heatsinks. However, as a matter of principle, the cooling with MCHS sinks requires a sealing between the heat sink itself and the system around. This sealing is usually achieved by o-rings, what can never avoid the transfer of vapor from the cooling system into the vicinity of the diode laser. Extreme requirements on availability, which lead to corresponding lifetime requirements, like in telecom applications, already require passively cooled diode lasers without any water in the inner system boundaries. For applications not requiring the extreme compact design volume of actively cooled diode lasers but requiring extreme lifetime or a minimum outlay on the periphery, we started looking into passively cooled diode laser stacks. To achieve a minimized temperature rise in the junction, we already developed a new copper-based heat sink, spreading the power loss in an optimized manner. Based on this heatsink, we started developing a heat exchanger with a low thermal resistance while keeping the water out of the inner system boundaries. The thermal resistance is low enough to run up to 12 passively cooled diode lasers on a low ambient temperature with a minimum of periphery requirements.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES—ALIMENTARY TRACT Algorithms Outperform Metabolite Tests in Predicting Response of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Thiopurines (2010)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Levels of the thiopurine metabolites 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine commonly are monitored during thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease despite this test’s high cost and poor prediction of clinical response (sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 72%). We investigated whether patterns in common laboratory parameters might be used to identify appropriate immunologic responses to thiopurine and whether they are more accurate than measurements of thiopurine metabolites in identifying patients who respond to therapy. METHODS: We identified 774 patients with inflammatory bowel disease on thiopurine therapy using metabolite and standard laboratory tests over a 24-hour time period. Machine learning algorithms were developed using laboratory values and age in a random training set of 70% of the cases; these algorithms were tested in the remaining 30% of the cases. RESULTS: A random forest algorithm was developed based on laboratory and age data; it differentiated clinical responders from nonresponders in the test set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.856. In contrast, 6-TGN levels differentiated clinical responders from nonresponders with an AUROC of 0.594 (P .001). Algorithms developed to identify thiopurine nonadherence (AUROC, 0.813) and thiopurine shunters (AUROC, 0.797) were accurate. CONCLUSIONS: Algorithms that use age and laboratory values can differentiate clinical response, nonadherence, and shunting of thiopurine metabolism among patients who take thiopurines. This approach was less costly and more accurate than 6-TGN metabolite measurements in predicting clinical response. If validated, this approach would provide a low-cost, rapid alternative to metabolite measurements for monitoring thiopurine use. View this article’s video abstract at www.cghjournal.org.
High-Performance Hardware Design and Implementation of Genetic Algorithms (2001)

In this chapter, we present a survival-based, steady-state GA designed for efficient implementation in hardware and the design of a pipelined genetic algorithm processor that can generate one new, evaluated chromosome per machine cycle. High performance is obtained by implementing the functions of parent selection, crossover, mutation, evaluation, and survival in hardware in such a manner that each function can be executed in a single machine cycle. When these hardware functions are connected in a linear pipeline (much the same as an assembly line), the net result is the generation a new child chromosome on each machine cycle. The key features of the survival-based, steady-state GA are low selection pressure due to random parent selection, steady-state population maintenance, and replacement of randomly discovered, lesser-fit chromosomes by more-fit offspring. A GA machine prototype is also presented, running at 1 MHz and generating one million new chromosomes per second.
The role of surface modification in digital printing on polymer‐coated packaging boards (2004)

Abstract Digital printing is increasingly being used for package printing. One of the major techniques of digital printing is dry‐toner electrophotography. This paper evaluates the printability of three different extrusion coatings used for packaging boards: low‐density polyethylene (PE‐LD), ethylene methyl acrylate (E/MA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Extrusion coatings in general have an impervious, chemically inert, nonporous surface with low surface energies that cause them to be non‐receptive to bonding with toners. The most common methods used in improving the adhesion properties of polymer coatings are different surface treatments. These increase the surface energy and also provide the polar molecular groups necessary for good bonds between the toner and polymer molecules. The polymer coatings have been modified with electrical corona discharge treatment. The effects of corona on polymer surfaces and the correlation between surface modification and print quality have been evaluated. Results show that sufficiently high surface energy and surface‐charge uniformity are necessary for even print quality and toner adhesion. E/MA and PET have the required surface‐energy level without the corona treatment, but PE‐LD needs surface modification in order to succeed in the electrophotographic process. E/MA also has exceptional surface‐charge properties compared with PET and PE‐LD. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2052–2060, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Array-type NH.sub.3 sensor (2013)

An array-type sensor that senses NH.sub.3 includes non-Nernstian sensing elements constructed from metal and/or metal-oxide electrodes on an O.sub.2 ion conducting substrate. In one example sensor, one electrode may be made of platinum, another electrode may be made of manganese (III) oxide (Mn.sub.2O.sub.3), and another electrode may be made of tungsten trioxide (WO.sub.3). Some sensing elements may further include an electrode made of La.sub.0.6Sr.sub.0.4Co.sub.0.2Fe.sub0.8O.sub.3 and another electrode made of LaCr.sub.0.95.Mg.sub.0.05O.sub.3.