gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gate-tunable carbon nanotube–MoS <sub>2</sub> heterojunction p-n diode (2013)

The p-n junction diode and field-effect transistor are the two most ubiquitous building blocks of modern electronics and optoelectronics. In recent years, the emergence of reduced dimensionality materials has suggested that these components can be scaled down to atomic thicknesses. Although high-performance field-effect devices have been achieved from monolayered materials and their heterostructures, a p-n heterojunction diode derived from ultrathin materials is notably absent and constrains the fabrication of complex electronic and optoelectronic circuits. Here we demonstrate a gate-tunable p-n heterojunction diode using semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and single-layer molybdenum disulfide as p-type and n-type semiconductors, respectively. The vertical stacking of these two direct band gap semiconductors forms a heterojunction with electrical characteristics that can be tuned with an applied gate bias to achieve a wide range of charge transport behavior ranging from insulating to rectifying with forward-to-reverse bias current ratios exceeding 10(4). This heterojunction diode also responds strongly to optical irradiation with an external quantum efficiency of 25% and fast photoresponse <15 μs. Because SWCNTs have a diverse range of electrical properties as a function of chirality and an increasing number of atomically thin 2D nanomaterials are being isolated, the gate-tunable p-n heterojunction concept presented here should be widely generalizable to realize diverse ultrathin, high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
An integrated fault detector in high voltage technology for motor drive applications (2008)

In this paper, an integrated solution of fault detector for motor drive applications is presented. The circuit is developed in monolithic high voltage technology. The goal of the IC is the detection of different types of fault which can affect the three phase inverter or the motor in electrical drive systems. The fault condition is detected sensing a shunt resistor put on the DC+ bus of the inverter and can be communicated to the DSP using an open drain output pin of the chip. The proposed IC represents a versatile and inexpensive solution, requires few external passive elements and can be used in applications with the inverter DC+ bus up to 600 V. The circuit does not need any external supply. It offers the possibility to regulate the voltage threshold for the fault detection using two external resistors and guarantees the response time required by the considered applications. The designed circuit, its characteristics and its performances are reported and discussed.
Exploring PC-telephone convergence with the enhanced telephony prototype (2004)

Industry trends suggest that the PC and telephone user experiences will converge over the next several years. This convergence raises important questions for the HCI community: how should the PC-phone user experience be designed, and how does PC-phone technology affect work practices? This paper focuses on the first question and provides some initial data on the second question. We describe a PC-phone prototype we built called Enhanced Telephony, and we report data from an eight month field deployment of Enhanced Telephony within our company where over 7,000 people installed the prototype. Results indicate that PC-phone software is a promising technology for the workplace and that the most valuable features may be those that help people manage their incoming calls.
Targeting Toxic RNAs that Cause Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) with a Bisamidinium Inhibitor (2014)

A working hypothesis for the pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) involves the aberrant sequestration of an alternative splicing regulator, MBNL1, by expanded CUG repeats, r(CUG)(exp). It has been suggested that a reversal of the myotonia and potentially other symptoms of the DM1 disease can be achieved by inhibiting the toxic MBNL1-r(CUG)(exp) interaction. Using rational design, we discovered an RNA-groove binding inhibitor (ligand 3) that contains two triaminotriazine units connected by a bisamidinium linker. Ligand 3 binds r(CUG)12 with a low micromolar affinity (K(d) = 8 ± 2 μM) and disrupts the MBNL1-r(CUG)12 interaction in vitro (K(i) = 8 ± 2 μM). In addition, ligand 3 is cell and nucleus permeable, exhibits negligible toxicity to mammalian cells, dissolves MBNL1-r(CUG)(exp) ribonuclear foci, and restores misregulated splicing of IR and cTNT in a DM1 cell culture model. Importantly, suppression of r(CUG)(exp) RNA-induced toxicity in a DM1 Drosophila model was observed after treatment with ligand 3. These results suggest ligand 3 as a lead for the treatment of DM1.
Development of Reseat Mechanism in Touch Trigger Probe for CMM. (2000)

This paper presents a development of a reseat module which is included in a fast and accurate touch trigger probe for coordinate measuring machines (CMM). In general, the reseat module absorbs contact force for safety and repositions the probe stylus. A "six-point-contact-reseat-mechanism" is conventionally used as the reseat mechanism. The elastic deformation of the six contact points varies according to the stylus touchback motion, and a dispersion of the elastic deformation brings the dispersion of the reseat position. The dispersion of the conventional reseat position is shown theoretically and experimentally. Both dispersions reach 1μm order in the conventional one. A new reseat mechanism installed radially three piezo-elements improves the dispersion by resetting the elastic deformation. This structure is called High Reseatabilty Mechanism (HRM). The dispersion is improved a 0.2 μm order after the HRM operation.
A General Pose Recognition Method and Its Accuracy Analysis for 6-Axis External Fixation Mechanism Using Image Markers (2022)

The 6-axis external fixation mechanism with Gough-Stewart configuration has been widely applied to the correction of long bone deformities in orthopedics. Pose recognition of the mechanism is essential for trajectory planning of bone correction, but is usually implemented by the surgeons’ experience, resulting in a relatively low level of correction accuracy. This paper proposes a pose recognition method based on novel image markers, and implements accuracy analysis. Firstly, a pose description of the mechanism is established with several freely installed markers, and the layout of the markers is also parametrically described. Then, a pose recognition method is presented by identifying the orientation and position parameters using the markers. The recognition method is general in that it encompasses all possible marker layouts, and the recognition accuracy is investigated by analyzing variations in the marker layout. On this basis, layout principles for markers that achieve a desired recognition accuracy are established, and an error compensation strategy for precision improvement is provided. Finally, experiments were conducted. The results show that volume errors of pose recognition were 0.368 ± 0.130 mm and 0.151 ± 0.045°, and the correction accuracy of the fracture model after taking compensation was 0.214 ± 0.573 mm and −0.031 ± 0.161°, validating the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed methods.
DEVELOPMENTOFMAGNETO-STATIC FOCUSINGCOLORPICTURETUBE (1981)

Electra-static focusinggun is conventionally usedin colorpicturetube. Now,to imnpro we the resolution muchnmore, which is one of the most important characteristics of color TV, we Investigated toapplymagneto-static focusinggunThispicturetubewithmagneto-static focasing gun concernedwith our development, is equipped withcylindricalpanuanent ferritemagnetoutside theneck ofEthetubeanda pairofmagneticyokesi madeof softironinsideAs theresultwe were ableto get55% smaller electronbeamdiameterthanthatof conventional BPFguns and 30% smaller forH-UPFguns.
An intelligent tyre based adaptive vehicle stability controller (2014)

Active safety systems have become an essential part of today’s vehicles. Although they have advanced in many aspects, there are still many areas where that they can be improved. Being able to obtain information about tyre-road conditions (e.g., slip ratio, tyre-slip angle, tyre forces, tyre-road friction) would be especially significant due to the key role tyres play in providing directional stability and control. Current systems are capable of obtaining such information by means of indirect methods (i.e., vehicle kinematic relations); however, they tend to fail in severe manoeuvres mainly because of the highly nonlinear characteristics of tyres. As a result, other methods are sought to directly obtain information about tyre–road interaction. This paper examines such a method where a tyre-attached sensor unit (intelligent tyre system) provides tyre slip information and the potential performance improvements offered by integrating this system with an adaptive vehicle stability controller.
RENOIR - A Dataset for Real Low-Light Noise Image Reduction (2014)

Image denoising algorithms are evaluated using images corrupted by artificial noise, which may lead to incorrect conclusions about their performances on real noise. In this paper we introduce a dataset of color images corrupted by natural noise due to low-light conditions, together with spatially and intensity-aligned low noise images of the same scenes. We also introduce a method for estimating the true noise level in our images, since even the low noise images contain small amounts of noise. We evaluate the accuracy of our noise estimation method on real and artificial noise, and investigate the Poisson-Gaussian noise model. Finally, we use our dataset to evaluate six denoising algorithms: Active Random Field, BM3D, Bilevel-MRF, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and two versions of NL-means. We show that while the Multi-Layer Perceptron, Bilevel-MRF, and NL-means with soft threshold outperform BM3D on gray images with synthetic noise, they lag behind on our dataset.
Proapoptotic effects of PAI-1 protein on lung and prostate cancer cells (2013)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the most potent physiological inhibitor of urokinase - a key regulator of tumor growth and metastasis. The proteolytic activity of urokinase determines its effect on cell migration and invasion, as well as proliferation and apoptosis. PAI-1 directly inhibits the enzymatic activity of urokinase and stimulates internalization of urokinase complexed with a specific receptor. Previously we shown that very long half-life PAI-1 (VLHL PAI-1) with prolonged anti-proteinase activity demonstrated considerable inhibitory activity on the proliferation of lung and prostate cancer cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of increasing concentrations of PAI-1 mutant forms: VLHL PAI-1, Vn neg PAI-1 devoid of affinity towards vitronectin and wild form (wt PAI -1) on apoptotic activity of lung cancer (A549 and H1299) and prostate cancer (LNCaP and DU145) cell lines, characterized by normal or high urokinase production, respectively A549 and LNCaP vs H1299 and DU145. DNA fragments associated with histones were spectometrically quantitated in cell cytoplasm after 24 hrs incubation with increasing doses of PAI-1 proteins. VLHL PAI-1 protein (10 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml) strongly up-regulated apoptotic activity in all examined human lung and prostate cancer cell lines (p<0,001). In DU145 prostate cancer cell line this effect was dose-dependent. In contrast, PAI-1 protein devoid of vitronectin affinity as well as wild type PAI-1apoptosis did not affected cancer cells apotosis. Conclusion: in vitro proapoptotic effect of PAI-1 on cancer cells is due to anti-proteolitic and anti-adhesion properties.
Cost-effective porous-organic-polymer-based electrolyte membranes with superprotonic conductivity and low activation energy (2019)

A sulfuric acid-impregnated porous organic polymer exhibited superprotonic conductivity of 2.35 × 10<sup>−1</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and its mixed matrix membrane showed activation energy of 0.039 eV.
A Y-fed directional coupler modulator with a highly linear transfer curve (2000)

We demonstrated a linearized Y-fed directional coupler modulator in Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/. The proof-of-concept device employed two electrode sections of opposite polarity whose lengths were chosen based on the results of our previous theoretical modeling. A highly linear modulation characteristic and improved tolerance to fabrication errors were achieved with a simple design, in excellent agreement with the theory. The linearity exceeded 90% over a wavelength range of 45 nm, centered around 1530 nm, with a maximum linearity of 97% at 1510 nm and a maximum modulation depth of 98%. By comparison, the linearity of conventional modulators is typically around 70%. Thus the device was proven to have a high linearity with a wide usable spectral range and relaxed fabrication tolerances.
Optimization of <i>trans</i> ‐Resveratrol Concentration and Sensory Properties of Peanut Kernels by Slicing and Ultrasound Treatment, Using Response Surface Methodology (2007)

Effect of postharvest stress application by slicing at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 cm, exposure to ultrasound (power density of 39.2 mW/cm3) for 4 min at 25 degrees C and subsequent incubation for 24, 36, 42, and 48 h on trans-resveratrol concentrations, and sensory attributes were evaluated using response surface methodology. Peanuts sliced 0.4 and 0.6 cm, exposed to ultrasound, and incubated for 42 h had trans-resveratrol concentrations above 1.0 microg/g, as did all samples incubated for 48 h. The optimized area was bound by peanut size of 0.89, 0.72, and 0.64 and incubation time of 48, 41.5, and 48 h, respectively. Combinations of treatments that fall within the optimized area were predicted to result in a peanut with a trans-resveratrol > or = 1.0 microg/g; slightly lower roasted peanut aroma (> 24) and flavor (> 43); peanut butter aroma (> 14), and flavor (> 31) compared to controls with attribute ratings of 33, 78, 38, and 51, respectively; and slightly higher oxidized aroma (< 6), and painty (< 0.5), fishy (< 6), and cardboard flavor (> 4) compared to controls rated 0 for all attributes.
Fingerprinting for Cyber-Physical System Security: Device Physics Matters Too (2018)

Due to the increasing attacks against cyber-physical systems, it is important to develop novel solutions to secure these critical systems. System security can be improved by using the physics of process actuators (that is, devices). Device physics can be used to generate device fingerprints to increase the integrity of responses from process actuators.
Initial 3-year Outcomes with Left Ventricular Assist Devices in a Country with a Nascent Heart Transplantation Program (2015)

Abstract Aims The need for the left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) in patients with end-stage heart failure is well established, but prior to 2011, this was not available to patients in Kazakhstan. We describe the development of the sole LVAD programme in the context of a nascent heart transplantation programme and clinical outcomes for the first three years. Methods and results From November 2011 to November 2014, 146 patients underwent implantation of 152 VADs (approximately 50 devices implanted per year). We retrospectively analyzed data from 135 LVAD patients who received HeartMate II (n = 95) or HeartWare (n = 40) devices. In 75 patients LVAD was used as a bridge-to-transplantation and in 60 patients as destination therapy, but only 3 of 135 LVAD patients received heart transplant. Forty-three patients of the LVAD cohort had died by the end of the follow-up period. The mean time on LVAD was 466 ± 330 days (range 5–1200 days). Kaplan–Meier survival estimates for patients who continued on LVAD support were 93% after 1 month, 86% after 6 months and 77% after 12 months. The most common complications within the first 30 days after implant included right ventricular failure (n = 20, 1.85 events/patient-year), renal failure (n = 19, 1.76 events/patient-year) and bleeding (n = 33, 3.0 events/patient-year). Beyond 30 days adverse events included driveline infections (n = 46, 0.56 events/patient-year) and stroke (n = 33, 0.21 events/patient-year). Conclusions LVADs are an important therapeutic alternative to heart transplantation in the context of a developing heart transplant programme with outcomes that are comparable to those reported by other centres.
The relationship of the orientation of the transverse acetabular ligament and acetabular labrum to the suggested safe zones of cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty (2008)

Background There is a need to develop and validate a method for establishing cup orientation that is patient specific and independent of the anterior pelvic plane. It is our hypothesis that the transverse acetabular ligament and acetabular labrum can be used to do this. The objective of this study is to define the orientation of the plane formed by the transverse acetabular ligament and acetabular labrum and to examine whether these local landmarks lie within the limits of acceptance for cup positioning. Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients, who were being investigated for labral tears with a MRI arthrogram of the hip, were enrolled in this prospective study. The orientation of the transverse acetabular ligament-labrum plane was determined by manually selecting points on the transverse acetabular ligament and labrum. The best-fit plane through these points was determined and its operative orientation expressed with respect to a constructed pelvic coordinate system. Results The operative anteversion of the transverse acetabular ligament-labrum plane ranged from 5.3-36.1° (mean 23.0° ± 7.4° standard deviation). The inclination ranged from 38.4-50.3° (mean 45.6° ± 3.2° standard deviation). Conclusions The transverse acetabular ligament and acetabular labrum offer a possible solution to the many difficulties involved in cup placement during total hip arhroplasty This paper highlights the variation in the orientation of these local acetabular landmarks and questions the logic of a set target for cup positioning.
Dental Amalgam Stabilization by Selective Interfacial Amalgamation (1976)

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the feasibility of enhancing the electrochemical stability of dental amalgam restorations by a process of "selective interfacial amalgamation." If dental amalgam restorations can be selectively alloyed at the tooth-amalgam interface, to a minor thickness as compared with the dimensions of the bulk amalgam, so as to present a more electrochemically stable phase than psi2 to the oral environment, corrosion will be reduced and desirable qualities of existing amalgams can be utilized. It was found that selective interfacial amalgamation was indeed possible and that it could be readily accomplished using a silver suspension as a cavity liner. By then placing a conventional silver-tin amalgam according to ordinary dental techniques, mercury expressed during hand condensing reacted with the silver in the liner resulting in the formation of an integral amalgam restoration with the more noble psi1 phase adjacent to tooth structure. In vitro corrosion tests of samples so prepared exhibited corrosion resistance far superior to unlined control samples.
Swept coherent spectrum analysis of the complex optical field (2005)

Swept coherent optical spectrum analysis is becoming a viable method for high-resolution spectral measurements. This technique is typically used to measure the power spectral density, however, the measurement of the spectral phase of periodically modulated optical signals is also possible. The adjacent spectral peaks are simultaneously observed by a modulated optical local oscillator. Optical mixing translates the phase difference between the adjacent optical spectral peaks to an easily measured low-frequency electrical signal. This process preserves phase relationships. Since the spectral phase is reconstructed from the phase difference between the adjacent spectral peaks, the common mode optical phase noise is cancelled. Simultaneous measurement of the spectral amplitude and phase results in complete characterization of the complex optical field of the modulated optical carrier. Knowledge of the complex optical field allows transformation from the frequency domain to the time domain by means of the inverse Fourier transform. Theoretical background and experimental results are included.
Mapping and monitoring of ablative thermal therapy for improved results (2007)

We demonstrate a method which incorporates state-of-the-art x-ray imaging with novel thermal therapy monitoring to enable improved minimally invasive thermal-therapy delivery for benign or malignant tumors. Thermal ablative techniques including RFA, microwave, and laser ablation are gaining acceptance. Incomplete treatments are common since there is no reliable method to monitor treatment zones during ablation. Treatment that doesn't encompass the entire tumor results in recurrence usually within one year. We describe a method to monitor tumor ablation zones during ablations performed under CT image guidance. This method allows the operator to predict necrosis while avoiding injury to critical structures. We validated the model using tissue and animal experiments. We also report on initial clinical results from patients receiving RFA treatments for primary or metastatic lesions. Following CT image-guidance to position RFA devices in a patient's tumor, intraprocedural CT data was acquired and processed offline. In this paper we describe the methods to monitor and provide feedback on the ablation during the study. By demonstrating the creation of accurate thermal maps in tissue and animal models, and extending this in preliminary treatment of tumors in patients, we hope to encourage the broader adoption of these methods by improving both safety and efficacy.
Precision mechanical design of an ultrahigh-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering spectrometer system with CDFDW optics at the APS (2013)

There are many scientific applications, especially involving topics related to the equilibrium atomic-scale dynamics of condensed matter, that require both a narrower and a steeper resolution function and access to a broader dynamic range than are currently available. To meet these important scientific needs, a prototype of a novel ultrahigh-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering spectrometer system has been designed and constructed at undulator-based beamline 30-ID at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This prototype is designed to meet challenging mechanical and optical specifications for performing so-called CDFDW angular-dispersive x-ray crystal optics, which include a central ultra-thin CFW crystal and a pair of dispersing elements. The abbreviation CDFDW stands for: C – collimating crystal, D – dispersing-element crystal (two D-crystals are used in each CDFDW), F – anomalous transmission filter, and W – wavelength-selector crystal [1]. The mechanical design of the ultrahigh-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering spectrometer, as well as the preliminary test results of its precision positioning performance are presented in this paper.