gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability of vapor-grown planar In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP p-i-n photodiodes with very high failure activation energy (1988)

The mean time to failure (MTTF) was measured for a statistically significant population of planar In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP heterostructure p-i-n photodetectors at several elevated temperatures. The probability for failure is fit to a log-normal distribution, with the result that the width of the failure distribution is sigma =0.55+or-0.2, and is roughly independent of temperature. From the temperature dependence of MTTF data, it is found that the failure mechanism is thermally activated, with an activation energy of less than 1.5+or-0.2 eV measured in the temperature range of 170-250 degrees C. This extrapolates to a MTTF of less than 0.1 failure in 10/sup 9/ h (or <0.1 FIT) at 70 degrees C, indicating that such devices are useful for systems requiring extremely high reliable components, even if operated at elevated temperatures for significant time periods. This activation energy is the highest value reported for In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP photodetectors, and is significantly higher than the energies of approximately 0.85 eV often suspected for these devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Guide wire extension. (1985)

Any specialized guide wire can be converted to an exchange guide wire by the addition of an eyelet on its stiff end to which an extension guide wire may be hooked.
The Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Thylakoid Membrane Proteins in the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (2005)

The response of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis to high salt stress was investigated by incubating the cells in light of moderate intensity in the presence of 0.8 M NaCl. NaCl caused a decrease in photosystem II (PSII) mediated oxygen evolution activity and increase in photosystem I (PSI) activity and the amount of P700. Similarly maximal efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and variable fluorescence (Fv/Fo) were also declined in salt-stressed cells. Western blot analysis reveal that the inhibition in PSII activity is due to a 40 % loss of a thylakoid membrane protein, known as D1, which is located in PSII reaction center. NaCl treatment of cells also resulted in the alterations of other thylakoid membrane proteins: most prominently, a dramatic diminishment of the 47-kDa chlorophyll protein (CP) and 94-kDa protein, and accumulation of a 17-kDa protein band were observed in SDS-PAGE. The changes in 47-kDa and 94-kDa proteins lead to the decreased energy transfer from light harvesting antenna to PSII, which was accompanied by alterations in the chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra of whole cells and isolated thylakoids. Therefore we conclude that salt stress has various effects on photosynthetic electron transport activities due to the marked alterations in the composition of thylakoid membrane proteins.
Substance P and patterned silk biomaterial stimulate periodontal ligament stem cells to form corneal stroma in a bioengineered three-dimensional model (2017)

Multi-lamellar human corneal stroma-like tissue can be constructed successfully in vitro by PDLSCs seeded on orthogonally aligned, multi-layered silk membranes with SP supplementation, which shows potential for future corneal tissue engineering.
Regulation of Notch signaling during T‐ and B‐cell development by <i>O</i>‐fucose glycans (2009)

Notch signaling is required for the development of all T cells and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Specific roles in T- and B-cell differentiation have been identified for different Notch receptors, the canonical Delta-like (Dll) and Jagged (Jag) Notch ligands, and downstream effectors of Notch signaling. Notch receptors and ligands are post-translationally modified by the addition of glycans to extracellular domain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. The O-fucose glycans of Notch cell-autonomously modulate Notch-ligand interactions and the strength of Notch signaling. These glycans are initiated by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1), and elongated by the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the fucose by beta1,3GlcNAc-transferases termed lunatic, manic, or radical fringe. This review discusses T- and B-cell development from progenitors deficient in O-fucose glycans. The combined data show that Lfng and Mfng regulate T-cell development by enhancing the interactions of Notch1 in T-cell progenitors with Dll4 on thymic epithelial cells. In the spleen, Lfng and Mfng cooperate to modify Notch2 in MZ B progenitors, enhancing their interaction with Dll1 on endothelial cells and regulating MZ B-cell production. Removal of O-fucose affects Notch signaling in myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and the O-fucose glycan in the Notch1 ligand-binding domain is required for optimal T-cell development.
Lipid Treatment Assessment Project 2 (2009)

Although there is room for improvement, particularly in very-high-risk patients, these results indicate that lipid-lowering therapy is being applied much more successfully than it was a decade ago.
Royal jelly enhances antigen‐specific mucosal IgA response (2013)

The effective uptake of antigens (Ags) by specialized M cells of gut-associated lymphoid tissues is an important step in inducing an efficient intestinal mucosal immune response. In this study, royal jelly (RJ) was found to stimulate the differentiation of M-like cells from human Caco-2 cells in an in vitro M cell model. Furthermore, RJ and protease-treated royal jelly (pRJ) efficiently enhanced transcytosis of FluoSpheres<sup>®</sup> carboxylate-modified microspheres from the apical side to the basolateral side in the model. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of pRJ to induce efficient mucosal immune responses in an in vivo nonhuman primate. Continuous oral administration of commercially available pRJ resulted in a significant enhacement of the antigen-specific IgA response in stool sample. Interestingly, Caco-2 monolayer assay demonstrated that ether extracts from pRJ efficiently increased the expression level of a universal M cell marker, glycoprotein 2 (gp2). These findings suggest that pRJ exhibits mucosal immunomodulatory properties via stimulation of effective uptake of Ags through M cells.
Subdomains in the F and G helices of bacteriorhodopsin regulate the conformational transitions of the reprotonation mechanism (2002)

We have performed cysteine scanning mutagenesis of the bacteriorhodopsin mutant D85N to explore the role of individual amino acids in the conformational transitions of the reprotonation mechanism. We have used whole-cell reflectance spectroscopy to evaluate the spectral properties of the 59 mutants generated during a scan of the entire F and G helices and the intervening loop region. Cys mutants were grouped into one of six phenotypes based on the spectral changes associated with their M <--> N <--> O intermediate-state transitions. Mutations that produced similar phenotypes were found to cluster in discrete molecular domains and indicate that M, N, and O possess distinct structures and that unique molecular interactions regulate the transitions between them. The distribution of these domains suggests that 1) the extramembranous loop region is involved in the stabilization of the N and M intermediates, 2) lipid-protein interactions play a key role in the accumulation of N, and 3) the amino acid side-chain interactions in the extracellular portion of the interface between helices G and A participate in the accumulation of M.
Dynamics of High-Speed Milling (1986)

This paper is based on previous work of the author and his associates which was published in a series of papers, mainly on those given here as references [2–6], dealing with time domain simulation of chatter in milling, with cutting process damping and with stability lobes. These matters are reevaluated here from the particular point of view of high-speed milling. First, the derivation of limit of stability of chatter in the frequency domain is recapitulated, and lobes of stability explained. These lobes should lead to substantial increases of stability at high speeds of milling. Further, corrections to the results of the simple theory using time domain are presented as they are obtained by time domain simulation which takes into account, in a very realistic way, all the main aspects of milling. It is shown that still, in many instances, high gains of stability are achievable by determining and using a particular spindle speed such that the cutter tooth frequency approaches the frequency of the decisive mode of vibrations as measured on the cutter. The usual modes of vibration of a spindle with a long end mill are discussed, and it is shown how a long end mill stabilizes cutting at medium speeds but becomes a flexible element strongly involved in chatter at higher speeds. In the following section, cutting process damping is discussed which has a very strong stabilizing effect at low speeds but is also partly effective at speeds presently in use. This damping is lost in high-speed milling. Typical cases of high-speed face milling of steel and long end milling of aluminum are discussed and a need of about seven times more stiffness for spindle modes and 14 times more stiffness for the end mill mode derived. The former should be achieved by spindles with larger diameter roller bearings while simultaneously the technology for the design of these spindles running at high speeds must be developed. Present research work shows good promise for this development. For the latter, methods of maximum use of the lobing effect should be developed as well as methods of increasing the damping of the end mill mode.
Tree searched multi-stage vector quantization of LPC parameters for 4 kb/s speech coding (1992)

The authors present a tree searched multi-stage vector quantization (TS-MSVQ) scheme which achieves spectral distortion lower than 1 dB with low complexity and good robustness using 24 b/frame. The M-L search is used and it is shown that it achieves performance close to that of the optimal search for a relatively small M. The best performance/complexity trade-offs are obtained with relatively small size codebooks cascaded in a three-four stage configuration. Results for log-area ratio (LAR) and line spectral pain (LSP) parameters are presented. A training technique which reduces outliers at the expense of a slight average performance degradation is introduced. The robustness across different languages and input spectral shapings is studied. Finally, it is shown that TS-MSVQ significantly outperforms the split-codebook approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracting Action Sequences from Texts Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Extracting action sequences from natural language texts is challenging, as it requires commonsense inferences based on world knowledge. Although there has been work on extracting action scripts, instructions, navigation actions, etc., they require that either the set of candidate actions be provided in advance, or that action descriptions are restricted to a specific form, e.g., description templates. In this paper, we aim to extract action sequences from texts in free natural language, i.e., without any restricted templates, provided the candidate set of actions is unknown. We propose to extract action sequences from texts based on the deep reinforcement learning framework. Specifically, we view "selecting" or "eliminating" words from texts as "actions", and the texts associated with actions as "states". We then build Q-networks to learn the policy of extracting actions and extract plans from the labeled texts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several datasets with comparison to state-of-the-art approaches, including online experiments interacting with humans.
VoIP over realistic IEEE 802.16e system scenarios: The uplink direction (2012)

As opposed to best-effort data applications, which tolerate a lot of flexibility from a system resource allocation standpoint, real-time services such as Voice over IP (VoIP) have very stringent packet delivery requirements, characterized by tight air-interface delay budgets in the order of tens of milliseconds (ms). Speech packets are short by nature and need to be carried out with minimal packet loss probability, typically no more than 1%-2%. These constraints are even more limiting in the uplink, where the available power at the mobile terminal - couple of hundreds of milliWatts (mW) - is much lower compared to the available power at the base station in the downlink (tens of Watts (W)). The paper addresses the VoIP service in the context of the limiting uplink direction of an IEEE 802.16e system via a comprehensive system simulation study.
Phase I/II Study of Murine Monoclonal Antibody-Ricin A Chain (XOMAZYME-Mel) Immunoconjugate plus Cyclosporine A in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (1993)

XOMAZYME-Mel (XMMME-001-RTA) is an immunoconjugate comprised of ricin A chain conjugated to a murine monoclonal antibody directed against high molecular weight melanoma antigens. Although not necessarily related to increased toxicity or decreased efficacy, the development of anti-immunoconjugate antibodies may limit repetitive dosing with an immunoconjugate. We evaluated the role of cyclosporine A in blocking the antibody response in patients with melanoma treated with XMMME-001-RTA. Patients received cyclosporine in divided daily doses to achieve serum levels by HPLC of 150-200 ng/ml on days 1-22. On day 3, XMMME-001-RTA was begun at dosages 0.2-0.6 mg/kg daily for 5 days. Treatment was repeated every 35 days. Three patients were treated in each dosage tier (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg). Nine patients were entered and all nine were evaluable. Patients had histologically confirmed melanoma. Metastatic sites included skin, soft tissue, and lymph nodes (seven), lung (two), liver (one), and spleen (one). There were four men and five women aged 46-75 years. Toxicities included myalgia, arthralgia, hypoalbuminemia, fatigue, elevations in liver function tests, and increased peripheral edema. Four patients received two to five repeated dosages of XMMME-001-RTA. One wheal-and-flare reaction from an immunotoxin test dose of XMMME-001-RTA was noted after five cycles. After a test dose subsequent to one cycle, two patients experienced chest tightness without ECG changes and were removed from the study. All toxicities resolved without sequelae. One patient experienced partial lymph node remission for 9 months. A second patient had stable mediastinal disease for 20 months. XMMME-001-RTA is safe when given repeatedly with cyclosporine.
Enhancing struvite crystallization from anaerobic supernatant (2004)

Nutrient recovery in the form of struvite from anaerobic supernatant will not only eliminate the operation and maintenance nuisance caused by struvite formation, but can also generate a valuable agricultural fertilizer. However, the struvite crystallization process is generally slow. In this research, different Mg 2+ supplement chemicals — Mg(OH) 2 and MgCl 2 — and different seeding materials — sand and struvite — were tested in an effort to speed up the struvite precipitation/crystallization process. The research results showed that (1) both seeding materials were instrumental in enhancing the reaction rate, with struvite being better than sand; (2) the more surface area provided by the seeding material, the faster the precipitation is; (3) both Mg(OH) 2 and MgCl 2 were beneficial in speeding up the precipitation process, but MgCl 2 was more effective than Mg(OH) 2 ; (4) compared with simple aeration to remove CO 2 , pre-acidification helped speed up the precipitation and could lower the final phosphate level; and (5) if Mg(OH) 2 is to be used, pre-acidification can be eliminated but the Mg(OH) 2 needs to be mixed with the wastewater at an earlier stage in the treatment process.Key words: struvite, crystallization, anaerobic supernatant, centrate, filtrate, sludge dewatering.
Hands in Space: Gesture Interaction with Augmented-Reality Interfaces (2014)

Researchers at the Human Interface Technology Laboratory New Zealand (HIT Lab NZ) are investigating free-hand gestures for natural interaction with augmented-reality interfaces. They've applied the results to systems for desktop computers and mobile devices.
A Simple Template‐Free Strategy to Synthesize Nanoporous Manganese and Nickel Oxides with Narrow Pore Size Distribution, and Their Electrochemical Properties (2008)

Abstract A facile method has been developed to synthesize nanoporous manganese and nickel oxides with polyhedron particle morphologies, high surface areas and narrow pore distributions by controlled thermal decomposition of the oxalate precursors. This method can be extended to using other kinds of salt precursors to prepare a series of nanoporous metal oxides. The heating rate, calcination temperature and controlled particle size of the oxalate precursors are important factors to get well‐defined pore structures. XRD, TG‐DTA, TEM, SEM, XPS, wet chemical titration and N 2 sorption isotherm techniques are employed for morphology and structure characterizations. High surface area microporous manganese oxide (283 m 2 g −1 ) and mesoporous nickel oxide (179 m 2 g −1 ) with narrow pore distribution at around 1.0 nm and 6.0 nm, respectively, are obtained. Especially, we can tune the pore size of manganese oxides from microscope to mesoscope by controlling the thermal procedure. Electrochemical properties of manganese and nickel oxides are studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements in a mild aqueous electrolyte, which shows a high specific capacitance of 309 F g −1 of microporous manganese oxide and a moderately high specific capacitance of 165 F g −1 of mesoporous NiO due to their nanoporous structure, presenting the promising candidates for super capacitors (SC).
CBR and Micro-Architecture Anti-Patterns Based Software Design Improvement (2006)

This paper presents a Case Based Reasoning (CBR) approach to identifying micro-architecture anti-patterns and replacing them with “good” patterns in order to improve the design of software system. The resulting system design benefits from better flexibility for adapting to future requirement change and expansion. In this approach, both problematic inflexible structures and their corresponding refactoring designs are formally defined and organized in a case base. The identification of anti-patterns is carried out through similarity measurement on class diagrams, sequence diagrams, OO quality metric and semantic constraints. A supporting system CBDIT was developed to aid this approach.
Rapid Cu-Catalyzed [<sup>211</sup>At]Astatination and [<sup>125</sup>I]Iodination of Boronic Esters at Room Temperature (2018)

Access to <sup>211</sup>At- and <sup>125</sup>I-radiolabeled compounds in excellent RCCs and RCYs was achieved in just 10 min at room temperature using a Cu catalyst. The reaction conditions are applicable to a broad class of aryl and heteroaryl boronic reagents with varying steric and electronic properties as well as late-stage astatination and iodination of anticancer PARP inhibitors. This protocol eliminates the traditional need for toxic organotin reagents, elevated temperatures, and extended reaction times, providing a more practical and environmentally friendly approach to developing α-emitting radiotherapeutics.
OTHER PRIMARY HEADACHES (2004)

Most primary headaches are classified into a few categories, such as migraine or muscle contraction headache, and patients suffering from these headaches are common. On the other hand, other primary headaches are very rare. In this section entitled "Other primary headaches", eight headaches, including primary stabbing headache, primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, primary headache associated with sexual activity, hypnic headache, primary thunderclap headache, hemicrania continua, and new daily-persistent headache, are described. Some characteristics of other primary headaches are common in symptomatic headaches, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage or arterial dissection. Therefore, careful evaluations including neuroimaging are necessary to exclude organic diseases.
The “Alkyl” and “Carbenium” Pathways of Methane Activation on Ga-Modified Zeolite BEA: <sup>13</sup>C Solid-State NMR and GC-MS Study of Methane Aromatization in the Presence of Higher Alkane (2010)

By using 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis, the activation of methane and coaromatization of methane and propane have been monitored on gallium-modified zeolite BEA at 573−823 K. A noticeable degree involvement of the 13C-label from methane-13C into the aromatic reaction products (benzene, toluene) has been demonstrated. The major intermediate of the methane activation represents gallium-methyl species, which are formed by methane dissociative adsorption on Ga2O3 species of the zeolite. The minor species of methane activation, Ga-methoxy groups, provide the involvement of methane into aromatics by the methylation of aromatic molecules, which are generated exclusively from propane, by the mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Ga-methyl species can serve as methylating nucleophilic agent for the reaction of nucleophilic substitution with participation of aromatic molecules, which contain the electron-withdrawing substitutes.
A New Method to Evaluate Patient Characteristic Response to Ultrafiltration during Hemodialysis (2007)

The main advantage of the PRI index is that it is non-invasive peculiar to each patient and easy to compute in a dialysis routine based on online data recorded by the monitor. A deviation from the characteristic trend may be a warning for the clinician. The analysis of the PRI trend also suggests how to modulate UF as a function of interstitial to intravascular fluid removal balance during dialysis.
The Role of Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance (2009)

Multiple organs contribute to the development of peripheral insulin resistance, with the major contributors being skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Because insulin resistance usually precedes the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by many years, understanding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance should enable development of therapeutic strategies to prevent disease progression. Some subjects with mitochondrial genomic variants/defects and a subset of lean individuals with hereditary predisposition to T2DM exhibit skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction early in the course of insulin resistance. In contrast, in the majority of subjects with T2DM the plurality of evidence implicates skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of perturbations associated with T2DM, and these mitochondrial deficits then contribute to subsequent disease progression. We review the affirmative and contrarian data regarding skeletal muscle mitochondrial biology in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and explore potential therapeutic options to intrinsically modulate mitochondria as a strategy to combat insulin resistance. Furthermore, an overview of restricted molecular manipulations of skeletal muscle metabolic and mitochondrial biology offers insight into the mitochondrial role in metabolic substrate partitioning and in promoting innate adaptive and maladaptive responses that collectively regulate peripheral insulin sensitivity. We conclude that skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is not generally a major initiator of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, although its dysfunction is integral to this pathophysiology and it remains an intriguing target to reverse/delay the progressive perturbations synonymous with T2DM.