gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance debugging in data centers: Doing more with less (2009)

With the increasing scale and complexity of data centers, detecting and localizing performance faults in real-time has become both a pressing need and a challenge. While several approaches for performance debugging in data centers have been proposed, these techniques do not assume any constraints on the availability of operational data needed to detect and localize faults. We argue that collecting such operational data often requires significant instrumentation or intrusiveness, which is difficult to realize in production data centers. Such constraints complicate the deployment of existing techniques or limit their effectiveness in practice. In this paper, we argue that for performance debugging to become practical and effective in realworld systems, one needs to develop techniques that are ldquomore effectiverdquo with ldquoless instrumentation and intrusivenessrdquo. We raise several issues and challenges in realizing this vision and present some initial ideas on addressing these challenges.
Hydrogen spark switches for rep-rated accelerators (1992)

The Pulsed Power Technology Branch at NAVSWC is investigating high-power switch technologies for use in rep-rated, high-current accelerators. Switches are needed that can handle 10 kJ of energy, 500 kV, 100 kA, while operating with jitter less than 10 ns at repetition rates up to 10 kHz. In-house efforts have concentrated on spark-gap switches because of their high-voltage and high-current capabilities in single-shot devices and because of their simplicity and low cost. We have shown that hydrogen gas, with its high thermal diffusivity, allows an order-of-magnitude improvement in the recovery time (and, therefore, repetition rate) of an unblown spark-gap switch. Recovery of the switch can be made even faster by triggering the switch well below its self-break voltage, allowing voltage to be reapplied while the gas is still hot. Tests have shown that recovery times (to the operating voltage) can be reduced an order-of-magnitude when the gap is undervolted by approximately 50%. The combination of high-pressure hydrogen gas and undervolted triggering provide a factor of 100 improvement over typical air spark gaps. Recent tests have demonstrated 100-μs recovery of an undervolted hydrogen spark gap without gas flow. High energy tests have been performed at 50 kV, 170 kA and 12 kJ with 100 μs recovery times. High voltage tests with a 5-pulse burst at 500 kV are presently underway. Recovery of the switch appears to be largely independent of voltage and energy transferred.
Isolation and bacterial expression of a sesquiterpene synthase cDNA clone from peppermint ( <i>Mentha</i> x <i>piperita</i> , L.) that produces the aphid alarm pheromone ( <i>E</i> )-β-farnesene (1997)

(E)-beta-Farnesene is a sesquiterpene semiochemical that is used extensively by both plants and insects for communication. This acyclic olefin is found in the essential oil of peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and can be synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate by a cell-free extract of peppermint secretory gland cells. A cDNA from peppermint encoding (E)-beta-farnesene synthase was cloned by random sequencing of an oil gland library and was expressed in Escherichia coli. The corresponding synthase has a deduced size of 63.8 kDa and requires a divalent cation for catalysis (Km for Mg2+ approximately 150 microM; Km for Mn2+ approximately 7 microM). The sesquiterpenoids produced by the recombinant enzyme, as determined by radio-GC and GC-MS, are (E)-beta-farnesene (85%), (Z)-beta-farnesene (8%), and delta-cadinene (5%) with the native C15 substrate farnesyl diphosphate (Km approximately 0.6 microM; Vrel = 100) and Mg2+ as cofactor, and (E)-beta-farnesene (98%) and (Z)-beta-farnesene (2%) with Mn2+ as cofactor (Vrel = 80). With the C10 analog, GDP, as substrate (Km = 1.5 microM; Vrel = 3 with Mg2+ as cofactor), the monoterpenes limonene (48%), terpinolene (15%), and myrcene (15%) are produced.
Efficient 1 kHz femtosecond optical parametric amplification in BiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub>pumped at 800 nm (2006)

We demonstrate efficient operation of a tunable femtosecond optical parametric amplifier based on BiB(3)O(6) pumped at 800 nm by a 1 kHz Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. The idler wavelength coverage extends to beyond 3 mum and the pulse duration at this wavelength is of the order of 110 fs. This new nonlinear borate crystal offers exceptionally high nonlinearity, making it a very promising candidate for power scaling of such frequency converters in the near-IR.
Plants transformed with a cistron of a potato virus Y protease (NIa) are resistant to virus infection. (1993)

An oligonucleotide carrying signals for translation initiation in plants was engineered upstream to a cDNA clone containing nucleotides 5812-7260 of the potato virus Y (PVY) genome. This fragment contains all but the first 100 5' terminal bases of the cistron encoding one of the PVY proteases (NIa) as well as the first 251 bases of the next cistron (NIb). Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1 plants were transformed with this fragment. The presence of the NIa sequences in transformed plants was determined by hybridization or PCR, and its expression was ascertained by reverse transcription coupled to PCR. Plants expressing NIa were self-pollinated, and the R1 kanamycin-resistant progeny were rechecked for NIa expression. Several of these plants were found to be resistant to PVY infection, inasmuch as they did not develop symptoms for at least 50 days (the duration of the experiments), and no viral accumulation could be detected in their leaves by ELISA. All of the descendents of resistant homozygous R2 plants were also resistant. Several of the plants transformed with the last three cistrons of PVY (bases 5812-9704; NIa-NIb-coat protein) were also resistant to PVY. None of the transformed plants exhibited resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Exposure of the plants to 35 degrees C for 48 hr prior to inoculation lowered, but did not abolish, resistance.
Prevalence of intrinsic disorder in the hepatitis C virus ARFP/Core+1/S protein (2010)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core+1/S polypeptide, also known as alternative reading frame protein (ARFP)/S, is an ARFP expressed from the Core coding region of the viral genome. Core+1/S is expressed as a result of internal initiation at AUG codons (85-87) located downstream of the polyprotein initiator codon, and corresponds to the C-terminal part of most ARFPs. Core+1/S is a highly basic polypeptide, and its function still remains unclear. In this work, untagged recombinant Core+1/S was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli in native conditions, and was shown to react with sera of HCV-positive patients. We subsequently undertook the biochemical and biophysical characterization of Core+1/S. The conformation and oligomeric state of Core+1/S were investigated using size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence, CD, and NMR. Consistent with sequence-based disorder predictions, Core+1/S lacks significant secondary structure in vitro, which might be relevant for the recognition of diverse molecular partners and/or for the assembly of Core+1/S. This study is the first reported structural characterization of an HCV ARFP/Core+1 protein, and provides evidence that ARFP/Core+1/S is highly disordered under native conditions, with a tendency for self-association.
FLID-DL (2000)

We describe Fair Layered Increase/Decrease with Dynamic Layering (FLID-DL), a new multi-rate congestion control algorithm for layered multicast sessions. FLID-DL generalizes the receiver-driven layered congestion (RLC) control protocol introduced by Vicisano, Rizzo, and Crowcroft, ameliorating the problems associated with large IGMP leave latencies and abrupt rate increases. Like RLC, FLID-DL is a scalable, receiver-driven congestion control mechanism in which receivers add layers at sender-initiated synchronization points and leave layers when they experience congestion. FLID-DL congestion control coexists with TCP flows as well as other FLID-DL sessions and supports general rates on the different multicast layers. We demonstrate via simulations that our congestion control scheme exhibits better fairness properties and provides better throughput than previous methods.
DEMO: Adjustably encrypted in-memory column-store (2013)

Recent databases are implemented as in-memory column-stores. Adjustable encryption offers a solution to encrypted database processing in the cloud. We show that the two technologies play well together by providing an analysis and prototype results that demonstrate the impact of mechanisms at the database side (dictionaries and their compression) and cryptographic mechanisms at the adjustable encryption side (order-preserving, homomorphic, deterministic and probabilistic encryption).
An Energy-Based Method for Signal Compression and Reconstruction with Wavelets. (1995)

Abstract : Wavelets and wavelet transforms have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional Fourier based spectral decompositions in a variety of signal processing applications. With the expected exponential increase in data traffic volume and the consequent overloading of storage capacity and transmission channels, the need for improved signal compression is essential. A new energy based method for selection of wavelet coefficients for signal compression is proposed. The number of coefficients selected from a particular level of the wavelet decomposition tree is proportional to the mean energy contained in the coefficients at that level. In experimental tests, this method provided significantly improved performance over conventional global thresholding based wavelet selection techniques. The performance index used is the signal to error ratio, which is a measure of the quality of the reconstructed signal from its compressed representation compared to the original. For highly nonstationary signals, a crossover effect is observed; that is, the energy based selection is out performed by the conventional method at higher percent retention levels. In such a situation, a segmentation strategy is proposed wherein the signal is decomposed into segments of similar characteristics prior to compression.
Restart Strategy for Synchronous Reluctance Machine Driving a High Inertia Load (2018)

In many industrial settings, momentary power disruptions commonly occur, resulting in tripping of large electric machines, which then have to be brought to zero speed before the machine can be restarted. This approach can result in frequent interruptions in an industrial process, which can have negative effects on productivity. A more practical control implementation would restart the machine back to the original speed as soon as power is restored, not having to wait for the machine to be at a standstill. This concept is known as flying restart. In this paper we propose an approach to implement the universal restart for SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Machine) through a simple identification algorithm which determines the speed and position of the machine so that the correct voltage vector can be applied and thus minimize the inrush current during the restart. The novelty of the proposed method is that its implementation only requires nameplate machine parameters and needs no machine-specific tuning, making the approach suitable for implementation with both high-inertia vector and scalar-controlled SynRM.
New Preparations of Cyanophosphonate Salts (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTNew Preparations of Cyanophosphonate SaltsPatrick J. Lennon, Sergey G. Vulfson, and Eric CivadeView Author Information Chemical Sciences Department, Monsanto Company, 800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8, 2958–2961Publication Date (Web):March 26, 1999Publication History Received6 November 1998Published online26 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo982221hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo982221hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ethyl groups,Organophosphorus compounds,Salts,Vacuum Get e-Alerts
Modification of the University of Washington Neutron Radiotherapy Facility for optimization of neutron capture enhanced fast‐neutron therapy (2000)

A modified neutron production target assembly has been developed to provide improved performance of the proton-cyclotron-based neutron radiotherapy facility at the University of Washington for applications involving neutron capture enhanced fast-neutron therapy. The new target produces a neutron beam that yields essentially the same fast-neutron physical depth-dose distribution as is produced by the current UW clinical system, but that also has an increased fraction of BNCT enhancement relative to the total therapeutic dose. The modified target is composed of a 5-millimeter layer of beryllium, followed by a 2.5-millimeter layer of tungsten, with a water-cooled copper backing. Measurements of the free-field neutron spectrum of the beam produced by the new target were performed using activation foils with a direct spectral unfolding technique. Water phantom measurements were performed using a tissue-equivalent ion chamber to characterize the fast-neutron depth-dose curve and sodium activation in soda-lime glass beads to characterize the thermal-neutron flux (and thus the expected neutron capture dose enhancement) as a function of depth. The results of the various measurements were quite consistent with expectations based on the design calculations for the modified target. The spectrum of the neutron beam produced by the new target features an enhanced low-energy flux component relative to the spectrum of the beam produced by the standard UW target. However, it has essentially the same high-energy neutron flux, with a reduced flux component in the mid-range of the energy spectrum. As a result, the measured physical depth-dose curve in a large water phantom has the same shape compared to the case of the standard UW clinical beam, but approximately twice the level of BNCT enhancement per unit background neutron dose at depths of clinical interest. In-vivo clinical testing of BNCT-enhanced fast-neutron therapy for canine lung tumors using the new beam was recently initiated.
Roadmap for photovoltaic cyber security (2017)

Cyber-secure, resilient energy is paramount to the prosperity of the United States. As the experience and sophistication of cyber adversaries grow, so too must the US power system’s defenses, situational awareness, and response and recovery strategies. Traditionally, power systems were operated with dedicated communication channels to large generators and utility-owned assets but now there is greater reliance on photovoltaic (PV) systems to provide power generation. PV systems often communicate to utilities, aggregators, and other grid operators over the public internet so the power system attack surface has significantly expanded. At the same time, solar energy systems are equipped with a range of grid-support functions, that—if controlled or programmed improperly—present a risk of power system disturbances. This document is a five-year roadmap intended to chart a path for improving cyber security for communication-enabled PV systems with clear roles and responsibilities for government, standards development organizations, PV vendors, and grid operators.
HIV-1 Messenger RNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as an Early Marker of Risk for Progression to AIDS (1995)

The expression of HIV-1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a strong independent marker for future HIV disease progression, even in persons with normal T-cell subsets.
Catalytic Double Carbonylation of Epoxides to Succinic Anhydrides: Catalyst Discovery, Reaction Scope, and Mechanism. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improving pharmacogenetic prediction of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics (2018)

In previous work we developed a pharmacogenetic predictor of antipsychotic (AP) induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) based on four genes involved in mTOR regulation. The main objective is to improve this predictor by increasing its biological plausibility and replication. We re-sequence the four genes using next-generation sequencing. We predict functionality "in silico" of all identified SNPs and test it using gene reporter assays. Using functional SNPs, we develop a new predictor utilizing machine learning algorithms (Discovery Cohort, N = 131) and replicate it in two independent cohorts (Replication Cohort 1, N = 113; Replication Cohort 2, N = 113). After prioritization, four SNPs were used to develop the pharmacogenetic predictor of AP-induced EPS. The model constructed using the Naive Bayes algorithm achieved a 66% of accuracy in the Discovery Cohort, and similar performances in the replication cohorts. The result is an improved pharmacogenetic predictor of AP-induced EPS, which is more robust and generalizable than the original.
Ka-band high-gain mesh deployable reflector antenna enabling the first radar in a CubeSat: RainCube (2016)

This paper presents a novel mesh deployable Ka-band antenna design folding in a 1.5U (10×10×15cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) stowage volume suitable for 6U (10×20×30cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) class CubeSats. Detailed results, considering all aspects of the deployable mesh reflector antenna, show that 42.6 dBi gain and 52% aperture efficiency is achievable at 35.75GHz. The mechanical deployment mechanism is also described as it constraints and drive the RF choices. The mesh prototype antenna has been fabricated and measurement results show excellent agreement with simulations.
Image feature analysis and computer‐aided diagnosis in digital radiography: Automated analysis of sizes of heart and lung in chest images (1990)

We are developing an automated method for determining a number of parameters related to the size and shape of the heart and of the lungs in chest radiographs. In order to obtain standard patterns of the cardiac shadow as "gold standards," four radiologists traced their best estimates of the entire contour of the heart, including the largely invisible inferior margin, on 11 radiographs. These contours were analyzed by Fourier transform, and the results were used as a guide to obtain a shift-variant cosine function which was applied to the prediction of the cardiac contour by fitting a limited number of detected heart boundary points. These points were obtained from analysis of edge gradients in two orthogonal directions. A simple observer study indicated that the contours of the heart shadows computed for 60 chest radiographs were generally acceptable to radiologists for estimation of the size and area of the projected heart. We also detected the rib cage and the edges of the diaphragm, which enabled us to determine the projected thoracic area. From these results, we calculated the cardiothoracic ratio and other parameters, such as the ratio of the projected heart area to the projected thoracic area.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2002)

Abstract Molecular imprinting is a process for synthesizing materials that contain highly specific recognition sites for small molecules. The imprinting process consists of a template molecule that preorganizes functional, polymerizable monomers. This template assembly is copolymerized with a large excess of cross‐linking monomers to produce an insoluble network material. Extraction of the template molecule leaves behind a region that is complementary in size, shape, and functional group orientation to the template molecule. The resulting polymeric materials are referred to as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Intermolecular forces between the template, functional monomers and polymer matrix determines MIP structure. Pre‐organization of the functional monomers has been achieved with covalent, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The most common method of polymer formation employs free radical initiation. These materials are tough, easy to handle, and have been shown to retain their recognition properties for over five years without loss of selectivity or capacity. As a result, they have advantages over more fragile biological systems for molecular recognition and have been referred to as “plastic antibodies”. Under the proper conditions, MIPs have shown the ability to function as selective binding materials, microreactors, facilitated transport membranes, and catalysts. Their utility, coupled with their longevity and robustness, make MIPs candidates for applications in separation science, as industrial catalysis, and for medical diagnostics.
Temperature Swing Adsorption for the Recovery of the Heavy Component: An Equilibrium-Based Shortcut Model (2015)

Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) processes are considered as an interesting option for the capture of CO2 from flue gases. In this work, a shortcut model is developed for a four step cycle aimed at recovering the more retained component at high purity from a binary mixture, e.g. CO2 from CO2/N2. The model equations, which assume local adsorption equilibrium but take into account heat transfer kinetics, enable a direct semianalytical solution of the cyclic steady state. For fixed temperatures of the indirect heating and cooling fluid, interstitial velocity, and feed composition, the remaining operating conditions can be reduced to the high and low temperature levels achieved during the cycle, which control the thermodynamic states defining the effective cyclic capacity. This model is used to investigate the CO2/N2 separation by TSA on a commercial zeolitic adsorbent. Important trends are revealed by performing a parametric analysis of the operating conditions on the relevant quantities, that is, purity, recovery, specific thermal energy consumption, and productivity. Optimal operating conditions are localized within the region of feasible operating conditions and a trade-off between productivity and specific energy consumption is presented and discussed. Besides providing insight into TSA processes for the recovery of the heavy component, this tool could be used for rapid yet robust sorbent screening.