gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenylmethyl-3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides (1993)

A series of naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides was prepared and tested for antihyperglycemic activity in the db/db mouse, a model for type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Substitution at the 1-, 5-, or 8-positions of the naphthalene ring with a halogen was found to be beneficial to antihyperglycemic activity. 4-[(5-Chloronaphthalen-2-yl)methyl]-3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole++ + 2-oxide (45), one of the most potent compounds in this series, was selected for further pharmacological evaluation.
Experimental investigations into the role of passive variable compliant legs for dynamic robotic locomotion (2011)

Biomechanical studies suggest that animals' abilities to tune their effective leg compliance in response to changing terrain conditions plays an important role in their agile, robust locomotion. However, despite growing interest in leg compliance within the robotics literature, little experimental work has been reported on tunable passive leg compliance in running machines. In this paper we present an empirical study into the role of leg compliance using a composite tunable leg design implemented on our dynamic hexapod, EduBot, with gaits optimized for running speed using a range of leg stiffnesses, on two different surface stiffnesses, and with two different payload configurations (0 kg and 0.91 kg). We found that leg stiffness, surface compliance, and payload had a significant impact on the robot's final optimized speed and efficiency. These results document the value and efficacy of what we believe is the first autonomous dynamic legged robot capable of runtime leg stiffness adjustment.
Dkk3 dependent transcriptional regulation controls age related skeletal muscle atrophy (2018)

Age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) is the leading cause for disability in aged population, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we identify a novel role for the secreted glycoprotein Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3) in sarcopenia. Forced expression of Dkk3 in muscles in young mice leads to muscle atrophy. Conversely, reducing its expression in old muscles restores both muscle size and function. Dkk3 induces nuclear import of β-catenin and enhances its interaction with FoxO3, which in turn activates the transcription of E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo32 and Trim63, driving muscle atrophy. These findings suggest that Dkk3 may be used as diagnostic marker and as therapeutic target for age-related muscle atrophy, and reveal a distinct transcriptional control of Fbxo32 and Trim63.
Improved lesion visibility in a dedicated dual head scintimammography system - phantom results (2004)

Phantom test results are presented simulating a dedicated dual head compact gamma imaging system for scintimammography. These studies were completed with various detector prototypes constructed from pixellated scintillators coupled to various arrays of position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. A 15cm /spl times/ 20cm dual-head prototype system is currently under development that will provide sufficient imaging area for breast imaging studies. The results indicate that the use of two detector heads placed on opposing sides of breast under mild compression substantially improves the lesion contrast regardless of lesion depth in the tissue (especially for small, centrally located lesions). In addition, there is significantly improved lesion signal by using a geometric mean technique, Square Root (Image 1* Image2), to combine the images from the opposing views. In count poor cases, a smoothing kernel was applied prior to image multiplication to reduce high spatial frequency noise.
Aggregate modeling and coordination of diverse energy resources under packetized energy management (2017)

Transmitting a large file across the internet requires breaking up the file into smaller packets of data. Packetized energy management (PEM) leverages similar concepts from communication theory to coordinate distributed energy resources by breaking up deferrable residential consumer demands into smaller fixed-duration/fixed-power packets of energy. Each individual load is managed by a probabilistic automaton that stochastically requests energy packets as a function of its local dynamic state (e.g., temperature or state-of-charge). Based on the aggregate request rate from packetized loads and grid conditions, the PEM coordinator will modulate the rate of accepting requests, which permits tight tracking of a reference (load-shaping or market) signal. This paper presents a state bin transition (macro) model suitable for characterizing a diverse population of electric water heaters (EWHs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) under a single PEM coordinator that is validated against an agent-based simulation of the diverse loads. The resulting model illustrates how diversity of packetized load types enhances the level of flexibility offered by the coordinator.
A Novel Class of Aromatic Vitamin D Analogs (2000)

Vitamin D analogs in which the triene moiety is replaced by an aromatic ring have been synthesized and their ability to bind to the vitamin D receptor investigated.
A Generative Approach for Dynamically Varying Photorealistic Facial Expressions in Human-Agent Interactions (2018)

This paper presents an approach for generating photorealistic video sequences of dynamically varying facial expressions in human-agent interactions. To this end, we study human-human interactions to model the relationship and influence of one individual's facial expressions in the reaction of the other. We introduce a two level optimization of generative adversarial models, wherein the first stage generates a dynamically varying sequence of the agent's face sketch conditioned on facial expression features derived from the interacting human partner. This serves as an intermediate representation, which is used to condition a second stage generative model to synthesize high-quality video of the agent face. Our approach uses a novel L1 regularization term computed from layer features of the discriminator, which are integrated with the generator objective in the GAN model. Session constraints are also imposed on video frame generation to ensure appearance consistency between consecutive frames. We demonstrated that our model is effective at generating visually compelling facial expressions. Moreover, we quantitatively showed that agent facial expressions in the generated video clips reflect valid emotional reactions to behavior of the human partner.
Antagonist Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody, CHIR-12.12, Inhibits Growth of a Rituximab-Resistant NHL Xenograft Model and Achieves Synergistic Activity When Combined with Ineffective Rituximab. (2004)

Abstract CD40 and CD20 are expressed in several B-cell malignancies and represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, is an approved drug for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. however, the existence of patients with rituximab-resistant disease limits its clinical utility. We have previously reported that the novel, highly potent, fully human antagonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, CHIR-12.12, generated from XenoMouse® mice (Abgenix, Inc) has greater anti-tumor activity than rituximab in both rituximab-responsive and rituximab-resistant human NHL models. In this study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic application of combining CHIR-12.12 and rituximab for the treatment of NHL. Namalwa is a Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line that gives rise to aggressive rituximab-resistant tumors when implanted in nude mice. Direct treatment of these tumor cells with CHIR-12.12 or rituximab in culture does not affect cell growth when compared to treatment with an isotype control antibody. Although Namalwa cells express more CD20 than CD40 (average of 10,059 CD20 and 3,138 CD40 molecules per cell respectively, P=0.05), when tested for in vitro ADCC killing using human NK cells as effectors, CHIR-12.12 mediated stronger target cell lysis than rituximab (31.43% vs. 14.15%, P<0.0001). Adding CHIR-12.12 and rituximab together did not enhance the in vitro ADCC killing. When CHIR-12.12 and rituximab were tested in a subcutaneous Namalwa xenograft model, CHIR-12.12 alone caused 60% tumor growth inhibition (P=0.028) whereas rituximab alone at 10 and 20 mg/kg did not inhibit Namalwa tumor growth. When tumor-bearing mice were administered rituximab at 10 mg/kg plus CHIR-12.12 at 5 or 10 mg/kg, synergistic anti-tumor activity was observed in a CHIR-12.12 dose-dependent manner. The mean tumor volume reduction in combination groups is 77% with CHIR-12.12 at 5 mg/kg (P=0.0037) and 83% with CHIR-12.12 at 10 mg/kg (P=0.0018), respectively. The potential interaction between CD40 and CD20 molecules was evaluated in vitro by treating the tumor cells with CHIR-12.12 and assessing the change in CD20 expression and vice versa. The result showed no augmentation of one antigen expression by treating the tumor cells with the other antibody. The mechanism of anti-tumor synergy observed in this combination is under evaluation. Taken together, these data suggest that the combination therapy with anti-CD40 CHIR-12.12 and rituximab has the potential to improve patient outcome in B-cell malignancies co-expressing CD20 and CD40 antigens and support the further development of CHIR-12.12 antibody for treatment of B-cell malignancies.
SMERT (2006)

Customized multimedia content delivery has become one of the most desirable applications to mobile device users. However its intense usage of wireless and user interfaces poses a great challenge to device usability and battery lifetime. In this paper, we describe our design and implementation of an energy-efficient multimedia messaging system to address this challenge. We construct a hierarchical system for users to access multimedia content, leveraging widely available short message service (SMS), an embedded system-based new interfacing device, and the Internet capability of mobile devices. Being the first of its type, the new system not only reduces energy overhead but also improves the usability of the service.
A novel post-processing scheme for threshold detection on d=2 optical channels (2002)

In this paper, a novel post-processing scheme that significantly enhances the performance of a threshold based bit-by-bit detector on d=2 optical channel is proposed. The equalizer for this system is designed by jointly optimizing the target response and equalizer coefficients to minimize the noise and intersymbol interference (ISI) at the detector input. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is close to the maximum-likelihood lower bound over the range of channel densities used on EFM/EFMPIus (2,10) coded channels for CD/DVD application, and it is better than that of the other schemes at all densities. The detector is simple in structure compared to the conventional partial response Viterbi schemes.
Effects of weave architecture on aeroacoustic performance of ceramic insulation blankets (1993)

A comparison of sewn, quilted Advanced Flexible Reusable Surface Insulation (AFRSI) blankets and integrally woven core Tailorable Advanced Blanket Insulation (TABI) systems was conducted in a 170 decibel aeroacoustic environment under oscillating air loads. Preconditioning in a radiant heat source was done at both 2,000[degrees]F and 2,500[degrees]F before testing. It was shown that a multilayer weave construction based on an angle interlock weave architecture was superior to other systems investigated and did not require a surface coating to enhance survivability. Single-ply TABI fabric surfaces using an insulated intergrally woven core structure can survive up to 2,000[degrees]F without the use of a ceramic coating to toughen the surface to the aeroacoustic noise level. AFRSI blankets required a ceramic coating in order to demonstrate comparable performance after exposure to a 2,000[degrees]F radiant heat temperature. 14 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
The in-fixture calibration procedure line-network-network-LNN (1993)

This paper presents an alternative method for a network analyzer calibration, in particular an in-fixture calibration. It avoids de-embedding of the device under test and it allows the characterization of an unknown two-port inserted between an arbitrary number of cascaded unknown two-ports. An unknown obstacle must be moved on a transmission line into three positions. The LNN calibration technique delivers the electrical wavelength or the relative dielectric constant of the transmission line and the scattering parameters of the obstacle. Since the connectors do not have to be exchanged, non-reproducibilities of the connectors are only a minor problem.
Lane detection for a steering assistance system (2005)

In this paper, a lane detection algorithm for a steering assistance system (SAS) is introduced. Our aim is to develop a lane detection sensor that is sufficiently robust to enable it to be applied to the SAS without the need for application specific hardware. For this purpose, we simplify the process that groups detected edge points into lines, using a road surface with low resolution. Additionally, we use a method to select the correct lane boundary lines from multiple candidates using pattern matching for scenes where lane boundaries are complex. Our algorithm has been implemented on simple hardware consisting of a CMOS imager and two microprocessors.
Radiosynthesis of [5‐[<sup>11</sup>C]methanesulfonyl‐2‐((<i>S</i>)‐2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐methyl‐ethoxy)‐phenyl]‐[5‐(tetrahydro‐pyran‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐isoindol‐2‐yl]‐methanone ([<sup>11</sup>C]RO5013853), a novel PET tracer for the glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) (2011)

The glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) has emerged as a key novel target for the treatment of schizophrenia. We have recently discovered and developed [ 11 C]RO5013853 as a novel positron emission tomography tracer for GlyT1 for which a reliable five‐step synthetic route was established. The incorporation of the radioisotope was achieved in the final step through methylation of a sodium sulfinate precursor, itself easily accessible upon reduction of the corresponding sulfonyl‐chloride analog. [ 11 C]RO5013853 was prepared with high specific activity (>49 GBq/µmol) and high radiochemical purity (100%). A validation study of [ 11 C]RO5013853 in animal imaging studies is in progress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SR-BI Mediates Cholesterol Efflux via Its Interactions with Lipid-Bound ApoE. Structural Mutations in SR-BI Diminish Cholesterol Efflux (2005)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and the lipoprotein receptor SR-BI play critical roles in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. We have examined the cholesterol efflux from wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of SR-BI expressed in ldlA-7 cells using reconstituted discoidal particles consisting of apoE, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-l-phospatidylcholine (POPC), and cholesterol (C) as acceptors. POPC/C-apoE particles generated using apoE2, apoE3, apoE4, or carboxy-terminally truncated forms apoE4-165, apoE4-202, apoE4-229, and apoE4-259 caused similar (20-25%) cholesterol efflux from WT SR-BI. Cholesterol efflux mediated by POPC/C-apoE was not enhanced in the presence of lipid-free apoE. The rate of cholesterol efflux mediated by particles containing the WT or carboxy-terminally truncated forms of apoE was decreased to approximately 30% of the WT control with the Q402R/Q418R mutant SR-BI form that is unable to bind native HDL normally but binds LDL. The rate of cholesterol efflux was further decreased to approximately 7% of the WT control with another SR-BI mutant (M158R) that binds neither HDL nor LDL. The level of binding of POPC/C-apoE particles (150 microg/mL) to SR-BI mutant forms Q402R/Q418R and M158R was 70 and 8% of the WT control, respectively. SR-BI-dependent binding of lipid-free apoE to cells was undetectable, and cholesterol efflux was less than 0.5%. The findings establish that only lipid-bound apoE promotes SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux and that the amino-terminal region of residues 1-165 of apoE is sufficient for both receptor binding and cholesterol efflux. The SR-BI-apoE interactions may contribute to overall cholesterol homeostasis in cells and tissues that express SR-BI and apoE.
A Lightweight and Inexpensive In-ear Sensing System For Automatic Whole-night Sleep Stage Monitoring (2016)

This paper introduces LIBS, a light-weight and inexpensive wearable sensing system, that can capture electrical activities of human brain, eyes, and facial muscles with two pairs of custom-built flexible electrodes each of which is embedded on an off-the-shelf foam earplug. A supervised non-negative matrix factorization algorithm to adaptively analyze and extract these bioelectrical signals from a single mixed in-ear channel collected by the sensor is also proposed. While LIBS can enable a wide class of low-cost self-care, human computer interaction, and health monitoring applications, we demonstrate its medical potential by developing an autonomous whole-night sleep staging system utilizing LIBS's outputs. We constructed a hardware prototype from off-the-shelf electronic components and used it to conduct 38 hours of sleep studies on 8 participants over a period of 30 days. Our evaluation results show that LIBS can monitor biosignals representing brain activities, eye movements, and muscle contractions with excellent fidelity such that it can be used for sleep stage classification with an average of more than 95% accuracy.
Data-driven adaptive decomposition of multicomponent seabed seismic recordings: Application to shallow-water data from the North Sea (2007)

Abstract Exploiting the full potential of multicomponent seabed seismic recordings requires the decomposition of the recorded data into their upgoing and downgoing P- and S-wave constituents. We present a case study from the North Sea, where a novel adaptive wave-equation-based decomposition method is applied to a 2D data set shot inline with a cable-based seabed seismic acquisition system. The data were recorded in relatively shallow (∼150m) water, such that severe interference exists between primary reflections and water-layer multiples. Such conditions represent a challenge for many decomposition methods, because these often require a significant amount of interpretive, user-defined input. Conversely, the adaptive algorithm demonstrated in this study is fully data-driven, requiring as sole input a rough estimate of the water depth. The importance of careful mutual calibration of the sensors is demonstrated by critically assessing the properties of the derived calibration filters and the resulting estimates of the elastic properties of the seabed. To assess the effectiveness of the decomposition procedure, we compare a number of key events identified in the unprocessed data with their equivalents in the decomposed wavefields. The results of this case study show that the noninteractive decomposition method, which was demonstrated on seabed seismic data acquired in deep (∼370m) water, can be applied successfully in shallower conditions without further modification.
Hybrid crossbar architecture for a memristor based memory (2014)

This paper describes a new memristor crossbar architecture that is proposed for use in a high density cache design. This design has less than 10% of the write energy consumption than a simple memristor crossbar. Also, it has up to 4 times the bit density of an STT-MRAM system and up to 11 times the bit density of an SRAM architecture. The proposed architecture is analyzed using a detailed SPICE analysis that accounts for the resistance of the wires in the memristor structure. Additionally, the memristor model used in this work has been matched to specific device characterization data to provide accurate results in terms of energy, area, and timing.
Online Detection and Classification of Dynamic Hand Gestures with Recurrent 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Automatic detection and classification of dynamic hand gestures in real-world systems intended for human computer interaction is challenging as: 1) there is a large diversity in how people perform gestures, making detection and classification difficult, 2) the system must work online in order to avoid noticeable lag between performing a gesture and its classification, in fact, a negative lag (classification before the gesture is finished) is desirable, as feedback to the user can then be truly instantaneous. In this paper, we address these challenges with a recurrent three-dimensional convolutional neural network that performs simultaneous detection and classification of dynamic hand gestures from multi-modal data. We employ connectionist temporal classification to train the network to predict class labels from inprogress gestures in unsegmented input streams. In order to validate our method, we introduce a new challenging multimodal dynamic hand gesture dataset captured with depth, color and stereo-IR sensors. On this challenging dataset, our gesture recognition system achieves an accuracy of 83:8%, outperforms competing state-of-the-art algorithms, and approaches human accuracy of 88:4%. Moreover, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on SKIG and ChaLearn2014 benchmarks.
A retransmission scheme for circuit-mode data on wireless links (1994)

The cellular radio link is characterized by deep fades leading to long error bursts (lasting hundreds of milliseconds). Data transmission over such links results in large packet error rates (in the range 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -1/). We have designed a radio link protocol (RLP) to achieve high throughput on such links. The RLP is based on frequent, complete or partial feedback of the receiver state. Performance results for the US digital cellular TDMA standard show that the scheme can provide the equivalent of 9.6 kb/s service per full-rate TDMA channel above a carrier to interference ratio of 18 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergilli (2008)

Aflatoxins are potent secondary metabolites produced commonly by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Primers were designed specifically for o-methyl transferase (omt) and aflatoxin regulatory gene (aflR) of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway and also to detect the genus Aspergillus specific primers (18s rRNA genes) using NS. Experimental conditions were standardized for optimum multiplex PCR. DNA extracted from mycelia of toxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus, A parasiticus, other Aspergilli and from other genera of fungi were subjected to multiplex PCR using these primers. The omt and aflR primer pairs gave specific PCR amplification for aflatoxigenic A. flavus and A. parasiticus. They did not give DNA amplification for non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus, A. oryzae, A. glaucus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus spp. 

Multiplex PCR assay for the detection of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergilli. Available from: