gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive Copolypeptide Hydrogel Vehicles for Central Nervous System Cell Delivery (2015)

Biomaterial vehicles have the potential to facilitate cell transplantation in the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously shown that highly tunable ionic diblock copolypeptide hydrogels (DCH) can provide sustained release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in the CNS. Here, we show that recently developed non-ionic and thermoresponsive DCH called DCH<sub>T</sub> exhibit excellent cytocompatibility. Neural stem cell (NSC) suspensions in DCH<sub>T</sub> were easily injected as liquids at room temperature. DCH<sub>T</sub> with a viscosity tuned to prevent cell sedimentation and clumping significantly increased the survival of NSC passed through injection cannulae. At body temperature, DCH<sub>T</sub> self-assembled into hydrogels with a stiffness tuned to that of CNS tissue. After injection <i>in vivo</i>, DCH<sub>T</sub> significantly increased by three-fold the survival of NSC grafted into healthy CNS. In injured CNS, NSC injected as suspensions in DCH<sub>T</sub> distributed well in non-neural lesion cores, integrated with healthy neural cells at lesion perimeters and supported regrowing host nerve fibers. Our findings show that non-ionic DCH<sub>T</sub> have numerous advantageous properties that make them useful tools for <i>in vivo</i> delivery of cells and molecules in the CNS for experimental investigations and potential therapeutic strategies.
Soft-switching techniques in PWM converters (1995)

A number of soft-switching pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converter techniques have been proposed, aimed at combining the desirable features of both the conventional PWM and resonant converters while avoiding their respective limitations. In this paper, three classes of zero-voltage soft-switching (PWM) converters (namely the zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-square-wave converters, ZVS-PWM converters, and zero-voltage-transition PWM converters) and two classes of zero-current soft-switching PWM converters (namely, the zero-current-switched PWM converters and zero-current-transition PWM converters) are reviewed, and their merits and limitations are assessed. Experimental results of several prototype of converters are presented to illustrate each class of converter.
Pilot-scale demonstration of SPORL for bioconversion of lodgepole pine to bioethanol and lignosulfonate (2015)

Abstract The process sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) has been the focus of this study. Pilot-scale (50 kg) pretreatment of wood chips of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) killed by mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) were conducted at 165°C with a dilute sulfite solution of pH 2 for bioconversion to ethanol and lignosulfonate (LS). The pretreatment duration was optimized in laboratory bench scale experiments with a certain severity based on a combined hydrolysis factor (CHF). The sodium bisulfite loading was 8% and the liquor to wood ratio 3. The pretreated solids were disk milled together with the spent liquid and the resultant slurry with a 25% solids content was directly (without detoxification) submitted to a simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YRH400 at cellulase loading of 35 ml kg -1 of untreated wood. At solids loading of 20%, the alcohol yield was 288 l t -1 wood (with a final concentration of 52.2 g l -1 ), which corresponds to a 72.0% theoretical yield based on total glucan, mannan, and xylan. The LS from SPORL was highly sulfonated and its molecular weight was lower than that of a purified commercial softwood LS, and therefore it has a high potential as a directly marketable co-product.
Hybridized Fabrication of Robust Low-Loss Multimaterial Chalcogenide Fiber for Infrared Applications (2016)

Double-crucible cane fabrication of highly purified chalcogenide-glass was combined with multimaterial thermal fiber drawing to produce robust low-loss 0.2 NA chalcogenide fibers monolithically provided with a polymer jacket and featuring losses <1 dB/m across the infrared.
High Power Narrow-line Fiber Raman Amplifiers (2008)

We report our works on fiber Raman amplifiers with linewidth of ~10MHz. Up to 1 W, < 12.5 MHz 1178 nm laser is obtained by Raman amplification of a distributed feedback diode laser seed in standard fibers, limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering. By introducing temperature non-uniformity along fiber, we are able to push back the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering and increase the output to 1.5 W.
Biphasic transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery platform (2011)

Transdermal iontophoresis is an active drug delivery method that has the potential to transform treatment of conditions such as acute pain that require a succession of on-demand metered-dose drug deliveries. However, current monophasic iontophoresis methods fail to meet these requirements due to their inability to halt the passive diffusion of active agents when therapy is not required. We have developed a biphasic iontophoretic system to overcome these limitations. The viability of this system was assessed in an in vitro porcine skin preparation using FeCl(2) (127 Daltons), a charged molecule which can undergo both active and passive transdermal diffusion. The transport properties of the system were modeled using a Fourier Transform-derived optimum estimate transfer function. Using this model, experimental results showed good correlation to predicted values for both cumulative dose (R(2)=0.912, n=10), and density dose (R(2)=0.802, n=10). Results also showed the ability to effectively deliver the compound during active periods while minimizing delivery during inactive periods. While preliminary, our results suggest biphasic iontophoresis is a viable means of delivering on-demand drug therapy while minimizing unwanted off-demand delivery.
Study of Free Piston Vuilleumier Heat Pump. Performance Characteristics of Prototype Machine during Forced Vibration. (1997)

Dynamic motion of displacers and basic performance characteristics of a free piston Vuilleumier heat pump(FPVM)during forced vibration were investigated experimentally and compared with 2nd order simulation results. One of a pair consisting of one hot and one cold displacer was driven by a linear motor. Sensitivity studies were conducted with respect to key operational and environmental parameters such as driving frequency, hot gas temperature and motor input power. The dependences of the phase angle and strokes of the displacers on the basic performance of the Vuilleumier heat pump were also examined by driving both displacers of the FPVM prototype machine in order to investigate the performance characteristics of the FPVM operated at various phase angles and strokes. The dependence of the phase angle on the driving frequency of the hot displacer was the reverse of that on the driving frequency of the cold displacer. It was found that the simulation results were qualitatively in good agreement with the results of the experiments.
Correction to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 2 (MAPKAP-K2) as an Antiinflammatory Target: Discovery and in Vivo Activity of Selective Pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine Inhibitors Using a Focused Library and Structure-Based Optimization Approach (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 2 (MAPKAP-K2) as an Antiinflammatory Target: Discovery and in Vivo Activity of Selective Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Inhibitors Using a Focused Library and Structure-Based Optimization ApproachTomomi Kosugi, Dale R. Mitchell*, Aiko Fujino, Minoru Imai, Mika Kambe, Shinji Kobayashi, Hiroaki Makino, Yohei Matsueda, Yasuhiro Oue, Kanji Komatsu, Keiichiro Imaizumi, Yuri Sakai, Satoshi Sugiura, Osami Takenouchi, Gen Unoki*, Yuko Yamakoshi, Vicky Cunliffe, Julie Frearson, Richard Gordon, C. John Harris, Heidi Kalloo-Hosein, Joelle Le, Gita Patel, Donald J. Simpson, Brad Sherborne, Peter S. Thomas, Naotaka Suzuki, Midori Takimoto-Kamimura, and Ken-ichiro KataokaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 22, 10312–10313Publication Date (Web):October 25, 2012Publication History Published online25 October 2012Published inissue 26 November 2012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm3013954Copyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (174 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Variable Stiffness Legs for Robust, Efficient, and Stable Dynamic Running (2013)

Humans and animals adapt their leg impedance during running for both internal (e.g., loading) and external (e.g., surface) changes. To date, the mechanical complexity of designing usefully robust tunable passive compliance into legs has precluded their implementation on practical running robots. This work describes the design of novel, structure-controlled stiffness legs for a hexapedal running robot to enable runtime modification of leg stiffness in a small, lightweight, and rugged package. As part of this investigation, we also study the effect of varying leg stiffness on the performance of a dynamical running robot.
Integrated Photonic Devices and Circuits in Multilayer Silicon Nitride-on-Silicon Platforms (2015)

Low-loss silicon nitride waveguides integrated onto silicon photonic platforms enable the scaling to large-area photonic circuits. Properties of a multilayer silicon nitride-on-silicon platform and a variety of photonic devices and circuits will be described.
Metabolic engineering of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for production of D‐lactic acid (2017)

Poly lactic acid (PLA) based plastics is renewable, bio-based, and biodegradable. Although present day PLA is composed of mainly L-LA, an L- and D- LA copolymer is expected to improve the quality of PLA and expand its use. To increase the number of thermotolerant microbial biocatalysts that produce D-LA, a derivative of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 that grows at 50°C was metabolically engineered. Since B. subtilis lacks a gene encoding D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), five heterologous ldhA genes (B. coagulans ldhA and gldA101, and ldhA from three Lactobacillus delbrueckii) were evaluated. Corresponding D-LDHs were purified and biochemically characterized. Among these, D-LDH from L. delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus supported the highest D-LA titer (about 1M) and productivity (2 g h<sup>-1</sup> g cells<sup>-1</sup> ) at 37°C (B. subtilis strain DA12). The D-LA titer at 48°C was about 0.6 M at a yield of 0.99 (g D-LA g<sup>-1</sup> glucose consumed). Strain DA12 also fermented glucose at 48°C in mineral salts medium to lactate at a yield of 0.89 g g<sup>-1</sup> glucose and the D-lactate titer was 180 ± 4.5 mM. These results demonstrate the potential of B. subtilis as a platform organism for metabolic engineering for production of chemicals at 48°C that could minimize process cost.
Parahemophilia: New Insights into Factor V Deficiency (2013)

Blood coagulation factor V (FV) plays a pivotal role in blood coagulation. It is found in both plasma and in platelets and has a profound impact on thrombin generation. Deficiency of this clotting factor due to inherited or acquired conditions results in a broad spectrum of bleeding symptoms. Surprisingly however, some patients with undetectable levels of FV experience relatively mild bleeding. The aim of this review is to highlight this rare coagulation factor disorder and touch upon its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Furthermore, recent advances that shed new light on the importance of platelet FV and other modifiers which influence bleeding tendencies in severe FV deficiency will be discussed.
RASGRP1:APTX Gene Expression Ratio Enriches for Responders to the Combination of Tipifarnib and Etoposide in Elderly Newly Diagnosed AML. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4154 A 2-gene ratio (RASGRP1:APTX) has previously been shown to predict response to the single agent farnesyltransferase inhibitor, tipifarnib, in patients with both newly diagnosed or relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Raponi et al. Blood 2008, 111:2589). Here we investigated the utility of the 2-gene ratio to predict response to the combination of tipifarnib and etoposide (VP16) in a phase 1 study (Karp et al. Blood 2009, 113:4841) and continuing phase 2 study of elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML. A Taqman quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed on leukemic blasts from a total of 81 patients who were evaluable for response. A receiver operator characteristic analysis indicated that the predictive value of the 2-gene ratio was 76% for predicting overall response (CR+PR) in the Phase 1 study (51 patients). When using an optimized cutoff the overall response rate doubled from 25% to 50% with a negative predictive value of 88% (p = 0.008). These data indicate that the RASGRP1:APTX gene ratio has utility in predicting response to the combination of tipifarnib and etoposide in elderly newly diagnosed AML. This assay could find broader utility in enriching for responders to tipifarnib combination therapy. Disclosures: Malek: Cephalon: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Affymetrix: Research Funding.
Enhanced histotripsy induced by hundreds of microsecond pulses and dual-frequency second harmonic superimposition: A preliminary study (2017)

Kidney cancer is a severe disease which can be treated by using a non-invasive, controllable and focused ultrasound surgery method-histotripsy. Previously, histotripsy produced by hundred-microsecond-long focused ultrasound pulses has been proposed by us, which generates mechanical homogenized lesion by employing boiling bubbles and high duty cycle compared with conventional methods. However, the efficiency of this method is not high due to single focus. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a new histotripsy method, which can produce multiple split foci along beam axial via dual-frequency second harmonic superimposition mode.
A 20Gb/s 0.77pJ/b VCSEL transmitter with nonlinear equalization in 32nm SOI CMOS (2015)

This paper describes an ultra-low-power VCSEL transmitter in 32nm SOI CMOS. To increase its power efficiency, the VCSEL is driven at a low bias current. The resulting nonlinearity and loss in bandwidth is modelled and compensated by a nonlinear equalization technique. The time domain optical responses for “one” and “zero” bits are used to find the optimum equalization technique. The rising and falling edges were equalized separately and the equalization delay is selected based on the bias current of the VCSEL. The transmitter achieves energy efficiency of 0.77pJ/b at 20Gb/s.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Activities of Zinc Linolenate, a Selective Antibacterial Agent against Helicobacter pylori (2019)

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a major global pathogen, and its infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. The efficacy of current standard treatment for <i>H. pylori</i> infection including two broad-spectrum antibiotics is compromised by toxicity toward the gut microbiota and the development of drug resistance, which will likely only be resolved through novel and selective antibacterial strategies. Here, we synthesized a small molecule, zinc linolenate (ZnLla), and investigated its therapeutic potential for the treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> infection. ZnLla showed effective antibacterial activity against standard strains and drug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>H. pylori</i><i>in vitro</i> with no development of resistance during continuous serial passaging. The mechanisms of ZnLla action against <i>H. pylori</i> involved the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and generation of reactive oxygen species. In mouse models of multidrug-resistant <i>H. pylori</i> infection, ZnLla showed <i>in vivo</i> killing efficacy comparable and superior to the triple therapy approach when use as a monotherapy and a combined therapy with omeprazole, respectively. Moreover, ZnLla treatment induces negligible toxicity against normal tissues and causes minimal effects on both the diversity and composition of the murine gut microbiota. Thus, the high degree of selectivity of ZnLla for <i>H. pylori</i> provides an attractive candidate for novel targeted anti-<i>H. pylori</i> treatment.
Flexible Nanofiber-Reinforced Aerogel (Xerogel) Synthesis, Manufacture, and Characterization (2009)

Silica aerogels are sol-gel-derived materials consisting of interconnected nanoparticle building blocks that form an open and highly porous three-dimensional silica network. Flexible aerogel films could have wide applications in various thermal insulation systems. However, aerogel thin films produced with a pure sol-gel process have inherent disadvantages, such as high fragility and moisture sensitivity, that hinder wider applications of these materials. We have developed synthesis and manufacturing methods to incorporate electrospun polyurethane nanofibers into the cast sol film prior to gelation of the silica-based gel in order to reinforce the structure and overcome disadvantages such as high fragility and poor mechanical strength. In this method, a two-stage sol-gel process was employed: (1) acid-catalyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis and (2) base-catalyzed gelation. By precisely controlling the sol gelation kinetics with the amount of base present in the formulation, nanofibers were electrospun into the sol before the onset of the gelation process and uniformly embedded in the silica network. Nanofiber reinforcement did not alter the thermal conductivity and rendered the final composite film bendable and flexible.
Exploration of trabecular bone nonlinear elasticity using time-of-flight modulation (2008)

Bone tissue contains microcracks that may affect its mechanical properties as well as the whole trabecular structure. The relationship between crack density and bone strength is nevertheless poorly understood. Linear ultrasound techniques being almost insensitive to the level of damage, we propose a method to measure acoustic non- linearity in trabecular bone using time-of-flight modulation (TOFM) measurements. Ultrasonic short bursts times-of- flight (TOF) are modulated as a result of nonlinear interaction with a low-frequency (LF) wave in the medium. TOF variations are directly related to elastic modulus variations. Classical and nonclassical nonlinear parameters beta, delta, and alpha can be derived from these measurements. The method was validated in materials with classical, quadratic, nonlinear elasticity. In dense trabecular bone region, TOFM related to classical, quadratic, nonlinear elasticity as a function of the LF pressure exhibits tension-compression asymmetry. The TOFM amplitude measured in dense areas of trabecular bone is almost one order of magnitude higher than in a low-density area, but the linear parameters show much smaller variations: 5% for ultrasound propagation velocity and 100% for broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA). In high-density trabecular bone regions, beta depends on the LF pressure amplitude and can reach 400 at 50 kPa.
Automated mapping of tropical deforestation and forest degradation: CLASlite (2009)

Monitoring deforestation and forest degradation is central to assessing changes in carbon storage, biodiversity, and many other ecological processes in tropical regions. Satellite remote sensing is the most accurate and cost-effective way to monitor changes in forest cover and degradation over large geographic areas, but the tools and methods have been highly manual and time consuming, often requiring expert knowledge. We present a new user-friendly, fully automated system called CLASlite, which provides desktop mapping of forest cover, deforestation and forest disturbance using advanced atmospheric correction and spectral signal processing approaches with Landsat, SPOT, and many other satellite sensors. CLASlite runs on a standard Windows-based computer, and can map more than 10,000 km2, at 30 m spatial resolution, of forest area per hour of processing time. Outputs from CLASlite include maps of the percentage of live and dead vegetation cover, bare soils and other substrates, along with quantitative measures of uncertainty in each image pixel. These maps are then interpreted in terms of forest cover, deforestation and forest disturbance using automated decision trees. CLASlite output images can be directly input to other remote sensing programs, geographic information systems (GIS), Google EarthTM serif}, or other visualization systems. Here we provide a detailed description of the CLASlite approach with example results for deforestation and forest degradation scenarios in Brazil, Peru, and other tropical forest sites worldwide.
Temperature estimation and protocol assessment for monitoring high intensity focused ultrasound therapy with diagnostic ultrasound. (2009)

Characterizing the performance of diagnostic ultrasound (DU) for monitoring high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy is essential for identifying effective treatment protocols. Such protocols ensure accurate therapy monitoring in media with known thermal and perfusive properties. The protocols are specified by treatment duration, transducer motion, and the DU acquisition characteristics. The HIFU transducer is constrained to move in the plane perpendicular to its axis, with the DU positioned to capture the focal plane of the HIFU transducer. Differences in RF backscattering observed between two frames, one captured before and one after treatment, are known to result from a temperature distribution generated by the heat deposited during therapy. A functional expansion for the heating is used which provides minimum variance coefficient estimates for stationary backscattering by averaging the Fisher information matrix. We show through approximation, simulation, and experiment that these functions attain the Cramer-Rao bound independent of the particular heating applied or the RF backscattering encountered. Estimator accuracy is thus determined by the material properties, including the spatial correlation, and the protocol employed. Temperature estimates accurate to well within one degree Celsius are possible, and the estimation algorithm is implemented efficiently to enable near real-time monitoring. [Work supported by NIH Grant 5R01CA109557.]