gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Issues and Attacks on the GSM Standard: a Review (2020)

The Global Systems for Mobile communications (GSM) is actually the most widespread mobile communication technology existing nowadays. Despite being a mature technology, its introduction dates back to the late eighties, it suffers from several security vulnerabilities, which have been targeted by many attacks aimed to break the underlying communication protocol. Most of these attacks focuses on the A5/1 algorithm used to protect over-the-air communication between the two parties of a phone call. This algorithm has been superseded by new and more secure algorithms. However, it is still in use in the GSM networks as a fallback option, thus still putting at risk the security of the GSM based conversations. The objective of this work is to review some of the most relevant results in this field and discuss their practical feasibility. To this end, we consider not only the contributions coming from the canonical scientific literature but also those that have been proposed in a more informal context, such as during hacker conferences.
Characterization and Optimization of a Single Wafer Downstream Plasma Stripper (1988)

A comprehensive characterization and optimization of a downstream plasma stripper was carried out. The modified machine allows for noncontaminating and nondamaging (interface states below detection level) removal of hard‐baked and "difficult" resists in MOS processing.
Subcircuit Compact Model for Dopant-Segregated Schottky Gate-All-Around Si-Nanowire MOSFETs (2010)

In this paper, we demonstrate analytical device models and a unique subcircuit approach to physically and accurately model the dopant-segregated Schottky (DSS) gate-all-around (GAA) Si-nanowire (SiNW) MOSFETs. The direct current characteristics of the DSS GAA SiNW MOSFETs are investigated through numerical simulations and fabricated devices. Transport mechanisms are studied and explained with numerical devices from ambipolar thermionic tunneling to unipolar drift-diffusion and a combination of both as the dopant segregation doping and thickness are varied. The convex curvature in the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> - V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> characteristics is accurately reproduced by the subcircuit compact model, and it is shown for the first time that such a unique g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> characteristic in DSS devices is only feasible to be modeled by the subcircuit approach.
Decomposition, discovery and detection of visual categories using topic models (2008)

We present a novel method for the discovery and detection of visual object categories based on decompositions using topic models. The approach is capable of learning a compact and low dimensional representation for multiple visual categories from multiple view points without labeling of the training instances. The learnt object components range from local structures over line segments to global silhouette-like descriptions. This representation can be used to discover object categories in a totally unsupervised fashion. Furthermore we employ the representation as the basis for building a supervised multi-category detection system making efficient use of training examples and out-performing pure features-based representations. The proposed speed-ups make the system scale to large databases. Experiments on three databases show that the approach improves the state-of-the-art in unsupervised learning as well as supervised detection. In particular we improve the state-of-the-art on the challenging PASCALpsila06 multi-class detection tasks for several categories.
Different mechanisms of phase delays and phase advances of the circadian rhythm in rat pineal N-acetyltransferase activity. (1989)

The circadian rhythm in rat pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, which drives the rhythm in melatonin production, is controlled by a pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. As the NAT rhythm has two well-defined phase markers--namely, the time of the evening activity rise and of the morning decline--it is suitable for studies of the entrainment of the pacemaker by environmental light. Phase delays of the NAT rhythm proceed more rapidly than phase advances. One day after a brief light pulse applied before midnight, or after a delay in evening lights-off, or a delay of a light-dark (LD) cycle, phase delays of the evening NAT rise result in almost corresponding delays of the morning NAT decline. Consequently, the NAT rhythm is phase-shifted, but its pattern does not change. One day after a brief light pulse applied past midnight, or after bringing forward morning lights-on, or after an advance of an LD cycle, the morning NAT decline is phase-advanced, but the evening rise is not phase-advanced at all or may even by phase-delayed. Consequently, the phase relationship between the evening NAT activity onset and the morning offset may be compressed considerably, and it may take several transient cycles before phase advances of the morning NAT decline are followed by corresponding advances of the evening NAT rise. Due to the phase-delaying effect of evening light on the NAT rise and to the phase-advancing effect of morning light on the NAT decline, the phase relationship between the NAT rise and the decline is compressed on long days and decompressed on short days. Different phase shifts of the evening NAT rise and of the morning decline, even in opposite directions, are consistent with the hypothesis of a complex, two-component (evening-morning, or E-M) pacemaker controlling the NAT rhythm. As the E-M phase relationship determines duration of the high night melatonin production, and the duration of the nocturnal melatonin pulse may convey information on daylength, the data are consistent with the internal coincidence model for photoperiodic time measurement.
Design and Performance of an InGaAs–InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Detector (2006)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and performance of planar-geometry InGaAs-InP devices which were specifically developed for single-photon detection at a wavelength of 1550 nm. General performance issues such as dark count rate, single-photon detection efficiency, afterpulsing, and jitter are described.
PipeSim: Trace-driven Simulation of Large-Scale AI Operations Platforms (2020)

Operationalizing AI has become a major endeavor in both research and industry. Automated, operationalized pipelines that manage the AI application lifecycle will form a significant part of tomorrow's infrastructure workloads. To optimize operations of production-grade AI workflow platforms we can leverage existing scheduling approaches, yet it is challenging to fine-tune operational strategies that achieve application-specific cost-benefit tradeoffs while catering to the specific domain characteristics of machine learning (ML) models, such as accuracy, robustness, or fairness. We present a trace-driven simulation-based experimentation and analytics environment that allows researchers and engineers to devise and evaluate such operational strategies for large-scale AI workflow systems. Analytics data from a production-grade AI platform developed at IBM are used to build a comprehensive simulation model. Our simulation model describes the interaction between pipelines and system infrastructure, and how pipeline tasks affect different ML model metrics. We implement the model in a standalone, stochastic, discrete event simulator, and provide a toolkit for running experiments. Synthetic traces are made available for ad-hoc exploration as well as statistical analysis of experiments to test and examine pipeline scheduling, cluster resource allocation, and similar operational mechanisms.
An increase of late sodium current induces delayed afterdepolarizations and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes (2008)

This study determined the role of a slowly inactivating component of sodium current ( I Na ), late I Na , to induce delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and triggered activity. We hypothesized that an increase of late I Na may induce not only early afterdepolarizations (EADs), but also intracellular calcium overload and DADs. Guinea pig atrial myocytes were studied using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Anemone toxin II (ATX-II) (5–10 nmol/l) was used to enhance late I Na . Ranolazine (10 μmol/l) and TTX (2 μmol/l) were applied to block ATX-II-induced late I Na . ATX-II prolonged action potential duration and induced EADs. In the continuous presence of ATX-II, following the appearance of EADs, both DADs and sustained triggered activity occurred. Triggered activity was abolished and DADs were reduced by either ranolazine or TTX. Consistent with induction of DADs, ATX-II induced the transient inward current ( I TI ). The amplitude of I TI was significantly reduced by ranolazine. ATX-II induced only EADs, but no DADs, in the presence of the sodium-calcium exchange inhibitor KB-R7943 or the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel inhibitor ryanodine, or when the calcium chelator EGTA or BAPTA was included in the pipette solution. In conclusion, an increase of late I Na , in addition to inducing EADs, can cause cellular calcium overload and induce DADs and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes. The data reveal that an increase of late I Na is a novel mechanism for initiation of atrial arrhythmic activity.
X‐Pro peptides: Solution and solid‐state conformation of benzyloxycarbonyl‐(Aib‐Pro)<sub>2</sub>methyl ester, a type I β‐turn (1981)

Abstract The synthesis of the tetrapeptide benzyloxycarbonyl(α‐aminoisobutyryl‐ L ‐prolyl) 2 ‐methyl ester ( Z ‐(Aib‐Pro) 2 ‐OMe) and an analysis of its conformation in solution and the solid state are reported. Stepwise synthesis using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide leads to racemization at Pro(2). Evidence for the presence of diastereomeric tetrapeptides is obtained from 270‐MHz 1 H‐nmr and 67.89‐MHz 13 C‐nmr. The all‐ L tetrapeptide is obtained by fractional crystallization from ethyl acetate. The NH of Aib(3) is shown to be involved in an intramo‐lecular hydrogen bond by variable‐temperature 1 H‐nmr and the solvent dependence of NH chemical shifts. The results are consistent with a β‐turn conformation with Aib(1) and Pro(2) at the corners stabilized by a 4 → 1 hydrogen bond. The molecule crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , with a = 8.839, b = 14.938, and c = 22.015 Å. The structure has been refined to an R value of 0.051. The peptide backbone is all‐ trans , and a 4 → 1 hydrogen bond, between the CO group of the urethane moiety and Aib(3) NH, is observed. Aib(1) and Pro(2) occupy the corner positions of a type I β‐turn with ϕ = −55.4°, Ψ = −31.3° for Aib(1) and ϕ = −71.6°, Ψ = −38° for Pro(2). The tertiary amide unit linking Pro(2) and Aib(3) is significantly distorted from planarity (Δω = 14.3°).
Diffusion and interaction in PEG-DA hydrogels (2013)

Abstract Polyethylenglycol (PEG) hydrogels are widely used as tuneable substrates for biological and technical applications due to their good biocompatibility and their high hydrophilicity. Here we compare the mesh size and diffusion characteristics of PEG hydrogels by analyzing the diffusion of solutes with different, well-defined sizes over long and short time scales. Interestingly, one can tune the mesh size and the density of the gel simply by changing the inital concentrations of the PEG-diacrylate (PEG-DA) polymer, which also enhances the solute uptake in equilibrium through the interaction with the PEG chains. This increased uptake can be characterized by an enhancement factor determined by partition ratio analysis. It increases linearly with the polymer volume fraction, but is not caused by immobilization inside the hydrogel as evident from FRAP measurements, thus rendering these hydrogels ideal materials for i.e. drug delivery applications.
Multilayer 1-3 piezcomposites - theoretical and experimental study of pillar misalignment (2004)

The use of multilayer piezoelectric ceramic and 2-2 connectivity composites in ultrasonic transducers has been widely reported. However, multilayer 1-3 piezocomposites have not yet been very well documented and issues such as pillar misalignment remain to be fully explored. This paper reports an investigation of such misalignment carried out with the PZ Flex finite element analysis package. A suite of 2D, 2.5D and 3D models was set up, utilising different symmetry constraints. These clarified theoretically how various thickness and lateral modes were generated, including some requiring full 3D analysis. The results were compared with prototypes wit correctly aligned and fully misaligned pillars. They showed reasonable correspondence and allowed us to estimate acceptable pillar alignment more effectively with other results in the literature.
Cloning and expression analysis of a dirigent protein gene from the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica (2009)

Resurrection plants are tolerant to extreme dehydration and are useful model systems to study genes that play a role in drought tolerance. A gene fragment encoding a dirigent protein that is predicted to function in lignin biosynthesis was identified from leaves of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica via cDNA microarray screening. A cDNA, designated BhDIR1, containing the complete predicted open reading frame, was obtained by 5′-RACE. BhDIR1 transcripts were found to be accumulated in response to changes in plant dehydration status, exogenously applied phytohormones and signaling molecules, and temperature stresses. BhDIR1 encodes a protein of 199 amino acids, which shows 20–40% similarity to dirigent proteins reported from other plants. BhDIR1 is predicted to contain a cleavable signal peptide at the N-terminal, and its plasma membrane/cell wall localization was confirmed using a GFP fusion protein assay. Consistent with this discovery, the acid-soluble lignin content decreased in dehydrated B. hygrometrica leaves. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role for a dirigent protein in response to drought stress by changing the physical characters of lignin which in turn is predicted to affect the mechanical strength and flexibility of the plant cell wall.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of metoclopramide nasal spray versus metoclopramide intravenous in healthy volunteers and cancer patients. (1993)

The kinetics and bioavailability of a new formulation of metoclopramide (CAS 364-62-5) nasal spray (MTC NS) were assessed in two separate studies versus the same drug administered intravenously (MTC IV) according to a balanced-block design where each study subject served as his own control. The first study involved 10 healthy subjects, each receiving metoclopramide NS 20 mg (one 10-mg puff per nostril) and metoclopramide IV 20 mg on two trial days separated by a 7-day washout period. On both occasions, blood samples were obtained at time 0 and at 20, 40, 60, 120, 150, 210, 280 and 360 min of dosing. Metoclopramide concentrations were assayed in plasma by HPLC. The second study involved 10 patients of oncologic domain, scheduled to receive mildly emetic chemotherapy regimes. The experimental design was similar to the one above except that blood was sampled at 0, 20, 40 and 60 min and again at 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h of dosing. All healthy subjects completed the trial without experiencing any adverse or untoward events; in the group of cancer patients, one subject dropped out after the nose spray treatment when he was removed to another department. This patient was replaced by another, and included in final data analysis only for the segment of treatment actually received. Metoclopramide kinetics after intravenous dosing were in good agreement with known data for the active substance, with no meaningful differences between healthy subjects and cancer patients. With MTC NS administration there was only a slight but significant difference of Cmax, being lower in the cancer patient group (p < 005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural organization of the bovine thyroglobulin gene and of its 5′‐flanking region (1987)

The structural organization of the bovine thyroglobulin gene has been investigated by a combination of Southern genomic blotting and direct analysis of cloned gene fragments isolated from a chromosomal DNA library. The entire locus is spread over more than 200,000 base pairs which makes it one of the largest eukaryotic genes studies to date. The coding information is scattered into at least 42 exons, 34 of which have been precisely identified. A different evolutionary origin of the 5' and 3' regions of the gene is supported by the highly different proportion of exonic material they contain (12% and 3%, respectively) and by the existence of sequence homology between the 3' region of thyroglobulin and acetylcholinesterase. Detailed sequence analysis of the 5' region of the gene and its flanking segment demonstrated that a significant homology exists between bovine and human thyroglobulin sequences, except for the presence within the ruminant promoter region of a 220-base-pair sequence belonging to the bovine monomer repeated family.
Hygroscopic Poly(ethylene terephthalate) by Nonaqueous Alkaline Glycolysis (2007)

Controlled glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was carried out under nonaqueous alkali conditions to obtain an enhanced hygroscopicity. Effectiveness of an alkali catalyst was directly related to its alkalinity. Treatment conditions such as alkali concentration, temperature, and time were varied, and their effects were studied by evaluation of wetting time, contact angle, weight loss, strength and elongation, and dye sorption. The glycolyzed PET under these alkali conditions showed instant wetting in most cases at 80 °C or above but with some loss of strength. However, a careful selection of treatment conditions can minimize strength loss while maintaining exceptional hygroscopicity. Effect of glycolysis on conformational changes on PET was investigated by FTIR, DSC, and SEM−EDS analyses.
14-3-3σ Modulates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and Invasiveness (2008)

14-3-3sigma contributes to the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells and exerts cell type-dependent effects on cell migration and invasion. Therefore, strategies aimed at suppressing 14-3-3sigma expression and function may have a therapeutic benefit in subgroups of patients with PDAC.
12 GHz clocked operation of ultralow power interband resonant tunneling diode pipelined logic gates (1997)

We report on the successful demonstration of a functionally complete set of logic gates based on resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) with a maximum operating frequency in excess of 12 GHz. At this high frequency of operation, the power dissipation is remarkably low-on the order of 0.5 mW per gate. The circuits for all gates, AND, OR, XOR, and INV, shared the same layout geometry, consisting of two Schottky diodes and three RITDs. Logical functionality was determined solely by varying the relative areas of the devices.
Isolation, Characterization and Synthesis of Pimprinine, Pimprinethine and Pimprinaphine, Metabolites of<i>Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli</i> (1981)

Journal Article Isolation, Characterization and Synthesis of Pimprinine, Pimprinethine and Pimprinaphine, Metabolites of Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli Get access Yasumasa Koyama, Yasumasa Koyama School of Pharmaceutical Science, Toho University, 2–2–1, Miyama-cho, Funabashi 274, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuteru Yokose, Kazuteru Yokose School of Pharmaceutical Science, Toho University, 2–2–1, Miyama-cho, Funabashi 274, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lloyd J Dolby Lloyd J Dolby Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 45, Issue 5, 1 May 1981, Pages 1285–1287, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1981.10864696 Published: 01 May 1981 Article history Received: 10 December 1980 Published: 01 May 1981
Disciplining Knowledge in Music Theory: Abstraction and the Recovery of Dialectics (2012)

A critical rethinking of disciplinary tendencies in music theory reveals several important historical moments when the process of abstraction has reshaped aspects of tonal theory in profound ways, notably in the areas of counterpoint, harmony, and form. These moments of abstraction prioritize one musical feature over others, and frequently involve a discursive process of dissociation to solidify the legitimacy of the abstraction and resolve lingering logical contradictions. This often leads to a theoretical and historical distancing from the contexts in which certain practices emerged, and risks severing aesthetic connections between technique and meaning. The resulting imbalance in one or more of three dialectical pairs has additional disciplinary consequences, and invites renewed interest in three theoretical perspectives that can recognize changing musical concepts and at the same time recover some of the latent meanings buried in tonal music. These perspectives have received some attention in recent music analysis; in this article I wish to call attention to their deeper disciplinary role in compensating theoretical abstraction and dialectically mapping our theoretical field.