gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE IN ASIAN IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES AND THEIR DESCENDANTS (1999)

These results suggest that, irrespective of birthplace or age, Asian-American men retain 1 or more genetic or lifestyle characteristics that make their risk of prostate cancer less than that of white residents of the United States.
Colloidally Stable Silicon Nanocrystals with Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence for Biological Fluorescence Imaging (2011)

Luminescent silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) are showing great promise as photoluminescent tags for biological fluorescence imaging, with size-dependent emission that can be tuned into the near-infrared biological window and reported lack of toxicity. Here, colloidally stable ncSi with NIR photoluminescence are synthesized from (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses and are used in biological fluorescence imaging. Modifications to the thermal processing conditions of (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses, the development of new ncSi oxide liberation chemistry, and an appropriate alkyl surface passivation scheme lead to the formation of colloidally stable ncSi with photoluminescence centered at 955 nm. Water solubility and biocompatibility are achieved through encapsulation of the hydrophobic alkyl-capped ncSi within PEG-terminated solid lipid nanoparticles. Their applicability to biological imaging is demonstrated with the in-vitro fluorescence labelling of human breast tumor cells.
Malfunctioning of the Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly Machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Produces Oxidative Stress via an Iron-Dependent Mechanism, Causing Dysfunction in Respiratory Complexes (2014)

Biogenesis and recycling of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters play important roles in the iron homeostasis mechanisms involved in mitochondrial function. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Fe-S clusters are assembled into apoproteins by the iron-sulfur cluster machinery (ISC). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of ISC gene deletion and consequent iron release under oxidative stress conditions on mitochondrial functionality in S. cerevisiae. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caused by H2O2, menadione, or ethanol, was associated with a loss of iron homeostasis and exacerbated by ISC system dysfunction. ISC mutants showed increased free Fe2+ content, exacerbated by ROS-inducers, causing an increase in ROS, which was decreased by the addition of an iron chelator. Our study suggests that the increment in free Fe2+ associated with ROS generation may have originated from mitochondria, probably Fe-S cluster proteins, under both normal and oxidative stress conditions, suggesting that Fe-S cluster anabolism is affected. Raman spectroscopy analysis and immunoblotting indicated that in mitochondria from SSQ1 and ISA1 mutants, the content of [Fe-S] centers was decreased, as was formation of Rieske protein-dependent supercomplex III2IV2, but this was not observed in the iron-deficient ATX1 and MRS4 mutants. In addition, the activity of complexes II and IV from the electron transport chain (ETC) was impaired or totally abolished in SSQ1 and ISA1 mutants. These results confirm that the ISC system plays important roles in iron homeostasis, ROS stress, and in assembly of supercomplexes III2IV2 and III2IV1, thus affecting the functionality of the respiratory chain.
On the Performance and Convergence of Distributed Stream Processing via Approximate Fault Tolerance (2018)

Fault tolerance is critical for distributed stream processing systems, yet achieving error-free fault tolerance often incurs substantial performance overhead. We present AF-Stream, a distributed stream processing system that addresses the trade-off between performance and accuracy in fault tolerance. AF-Stream builds on a notion called approximate fault tolerance, whose idea is to mitigate backup overhead by adaptively issuing backups, while ensuring that the errors upon failures are bounded with theoretical guarantees. Specifically, AF-Stream allows users to specify bounds on both the state divergence and the loss of non-backup streaming items. It issues state and item backups only when the bounds are reached. Our AF-Stream design provides an extensible programming model for incorporating general streaming algorithms as well as exports only few threshold parameters for configuring approximation fault tolerance. Furthermore, we formally prove that AF-Stream preserves high algorithm-specific accuracy of streaming algorithms, and in particular the convergence guarantees of online learning. Experiments show that AF-Stream maintains high performance (compared to no fault tolerance) and high accuracy after multiple failures (compared to no failures) under various streaming algorithms.
New advanced BARC and gap fill materials based on sublimate reduction for 193nm lithography (2006)

Innovative technologies are required by integrated circuit manufacturers to create smaller feature sizes on chips. According to the semiconductor roadmap, feature sizes are slated to be as small as 45nm in 2007, and sizes will be continued to decrease in the following years. Suitable absorbance, Lower etch resistance, straight photoresist profiles, wider D.O.F., thinner film thickness, more effective barrier properties to reduce resist poisoning, and sublimate reduction for defect free coating are the major concerns to be taken into consideration for new BARC and gap fill materials. In this paper, the study of sublimate reduction in the new BARC and gap fill materials was investigated. The effect of sublimate reduction from BARC in bake process is related to decrease defect number. We will introduce new BARC and gap fill material consisted of the polymers with self crosslink-reaction system. In addition of sublimate reduction data, resist profiles and 130 nm via fill performance in via- first dual damascene process presented here would show clearly these materials are ready to be investigated into mass production of 90 nm node IC devices and beyond.
Retrotransposon Suicide: Formation of Ty1 Circles and Autointegration via a Central DNA Flap (2006)

Despite their evolutionary distance, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae retrotransposon Ty1 and retroviruses use similar strategies for replication, integration, and interactions with their hosts. Here we examine the formation of circular Ty1 DNA, which is comparable to the dead-end circular products that arise during retroviral infection. Appreciable levels of circular Ty1 DNA are present with one-long terminal repeat (LTR) circles and deleted circles comprising major classes, while two-LTR circles are enriched when integration is defective. One-LTR circles persist when homologous recombination pathways are blocked by mutation, suggesting that they result from reverse transcription. Ty1 autointegration events readily occur, and many are coincident with and dependent upon DNA flap structures that result from DNA synthesis initiated at the central polypurine tract. These results suggest that Ty1-specific mechanisms minimize copy number and raise the possibility that special DNA structures are a targeting determinant.
ANALISIS PEMBENTUKAN PORTOFOLIO YANG OPTIMAL MENGGUNAKAN MODEL MARKOWITZ PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI (2017)

This research is aimed to find out how to forman optimal combined stock that includes in efficient stock by using Markowitz portfolio analysis. The research sample consists of 5 assurance companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data is the 2014 monthly stock price and the dividend data which has been shared in 2014.The result of the research of 5 combined stocks is 10 portfolios. There are 2 efficient portfolio with equal proportion (50%: 50%) i.e. portfolio 5, and portfolio 2. Meanwhile, there are 2 efficient portfolio unequal proportion (40%: 60%) i.e. portfolio 5 and portfolio 2. The selection of efficient portfolio is according to investor preference i.e.: Risk taker investor, the investor will choose portfolio 5. Portfolio 5 with equal proportion (50%:50%) has generatedthe level of profit is 6.57% and the risk is 10.78%. Meanwhile, portfolio 5 with unequal proportion (40%:60%) has generatedthe level of profit is 6.37% and the risk is 9.47%.Risk Neutral investors, there are no portfolio with equal proportion (50%:50%)in accordance with the preferences of the investor. Meanwhile, there are no portfolio unequal portfolio (40%:60%) in accordance with the preferences of risk neutral investor.Risk averter investor, this investor choose portfolio 2 with equal proportion (50%:50%) has generated the level of profit is 4.26% and the risk is 5.36%. Meanwhile, portfolio 2 with unequal proportion (40%:60%) hasgenerated the level of profit is 4.8% and the risk is 5.35%. Keywords: markowitz model portfolio, investment, stock.
Facial Position and Expression-Based Human–Computer Interface for Persons With Tetraplegia (2015)

A human-computer interface (namely Facial position and expression Mouse system, FM) for the persons with tetraplegia based on a monocular infrared depth camera is presented in this paper. The nose position along with the mouth status (close/open) is detected by the proposed algorithm to control and navigate the cursor as computer user input. The algorithm is based on an improved Randomized Decision Tree, which is capable of detecting the facial information efficiently and accurately. A more comfortable user experience is achieved by mapping the nose motion to the cursor motion via a nonlinear function. The infrared depth camera enables the system to be independent of illumination and color changes both from the background and on human face, which is a critical advantage over RGB camera-based options. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms existing assistive technologies in terms of quantitative and qualitative assessments.
Multi‐Arm Star Polyglycerol‐<i>block</i>‐poly(<i>tert</i>‐butyl acrylate) and the Respective Multi‐Arm Poly(acrylic acid) Stars (2005)

Abstract Summary: Well‐defined multi‐arm star block copolymers, polyglycerol‐ block ‐poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) (PG‐ b ‐P t BA), with average arm‐numbers of 17, 27, 36, 66 and 90 arms, respectively, have been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of t BA in acetone, using a core‐first strategy. After hydrolysis with excess concentrated HCl in refluxing dioxane, full hydrolysis of the tert ‐butyl ester groups was achieved, resulting in multi‐arm star polyelectrolytes, polyglycerol‐ block ‐poly(acrylic acid) (PG‐ b ‐PAA). The hyperbranched macroinitiators employed were prepared on the basis of hyperbranched polyglycerols via esterification with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. Both CuBr/PMDETA and CuBr/Me 6 TREN catalyst systems have been employed for ATRP of t BA. CuBr/PMDETA was found to permit good control. Polydispersity indices for the new multi‐arm stars were mainly in the range of 1.22 to 1.4, and the absolute $\overline M _{\rm n}$ data were in agreement with the calculated values. Moreover, kinetic curves show a linear dependence of ln([M] 0 /[M] t ) on time, confirming that the polymerizations are controlled. Relationship between arm numbers of the multi‐arm stars and maximum conversion achieved. image Relationship between arm numbers of the multi‐arm stars and maximum conversion achieved.
Amorphous silicon pixel amplifier with ΔV/sub T/ compensation for low noise digital fluoroscopy (2003)

The reported amorphous silicon (a-Si) pixel amplifier offers an improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to its traditional a-Si switch counterpart. Results from this research demonstrate that a-Si on-pixel amplifiers, coupled with a well established X-ray detection technology such as amorphous selenium, meet the minimum requirements for large area, real-time, low noise digital fluoroscopy.
Ultrasound Imaging for Stellate Ganglion Block: Direct Visualization of Puncture Site and Local Anesthetic Spread: A Pilot Study (1995)

Ultrasonographic guided SGB may improve safety and allows the visualization of the local anesthetic depot. Studying the local anesthetic spread might allow the avoidance of side effects as well as typical complications of SGB.
Protection of CD95-mediated apoptosis by activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (1998)

Apoptosis may be triggered, in a variety of tissues, by interaction of the cell surface molecule CD95 with its specific ligand, CD95L. CD95 plays a physiological role in the regulation of the immune response; furthermore, alterations in CD95/CD95L function may contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Many cells that express CD95, however, are not susceptible to CD95-mediated apoptosis. It is therefore important to identify the mechanisms that counteract the CD95 apoptotic process that are still poorly understood. Growth factors and lymphokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 that counteract CD95-mediated apoptosis may activate phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). We therefore used two different approaches to investigate the role of PI 3-kinase on CD95-mediated apoptosis. First we tested the effect of two pharmacological PI 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, on CD95 agonistic antibody-induced apoptosis in three different cell lines. Second, we co-expressed in COS7 cells CD95 with constitutively active PI 3-kinase. Results of both approaches indicate that active PI 3-kinase effectively protects against CD95-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore we extended our studies on the CD95 downstream mediator, FADD, and on the PI 3-kinase downstream mediator, the serine/threonine protein kinase PKB, using the co-expression approach in COS7 cells. We provide evidence that apoptosis induced by triggering the CD95 cell death receptor is counteracted by PI 3-kinase activation; moreover, PKB but not p70S6K represents the relevant downstream target of PI 3-kinase signaling.
Prediction of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mtext>Cd</mml:mtext></mml:math> compounds with unusual stoichiometry and valence states (2020)

Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds are a family of materials exhibiting diverse physical and chemical properties that find wide-ranging applications in many science and technology fields. In all known Cd compounds, Cd ions behave like a typical $d$-block element, donating electrons and adopting positive $(+2$ or $+1)$ charge states. To explore the possibility of forming compounds with Cd in negative charge states, would greatly expand this material family and enrich understanding of the associated physical and chemical properties and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we report on an exemplary case study via a systematic search and examination of Li-Cd binary compounds over a wide range of stoichiometry. We have employed an unbiased crystal structure search method in conjunction with first-principles energetic calculations to predict viable crystal structures under ambient and high-pressure conditions. Our investigations have identified a series of stable ${\mathrm{Li}}_{n}\mathrm{Cd}$ compounds with an unusually wide range $(n=1$--6) of stoichiometry at both ambient and high pressures. Strikingly, our results reveal that Cd attracts electrons from Li in forming a rich variety of bonding configurations with the Cd ions adopting a range of negative charge states, producing highly tunable structural and electronic properties. Moreover, calculated elastic parameters show that the mechanical properties of LiCd compound can be enhanced considerably over those of Li and Cd metals and other Li-Cd binary compounds. We analyze the charge transfer from Li to Cd and the resulting electron distribution patterns and find a significant and variable amount of partial occupation of the Cd-$5p$ states in this traditional $d$-block element. The present findings provide insights into fundamental knowledge and practical processes in valence state control for tuning transitions from $d$- to $p$-block behaviors via a proper choice of compound formation and application of high pressure. The results expand conventional definition and understanding of charge states in the compound formation and enrich structure-property relations that have broad implications for Li-rich binary compounds.
Liquid crystal video display panel using As2Se3-nonlinear device. (1988)

セレン化砒素膜を導体層間に挾んだ構成からなる非直線素子をスイッチング素子として用いた液晶パネルを試作した.この素子はフォトエッチング工程または金属製マスクを用いた蒸着工程のどちらででも形成できる.試作パネルを使って映像表示を検討した.
ActiServ: Activity Recognition Service for mobile phones (2010)

Smart phones have become a powerful platform for wearable context recognition. We present a service-based recognition architecture which creates an evolving classification system using feedback from the user community. The approach utilizes classifiers based on fuzzy inference systems which use live annotation to personalize the classifier instance on the device. Our recognition system is designed for everyday use: it allows flexible placement of the device (no assumed or fixed position), requires only minimal personalization effort from the user (1-3 minutes per activity) and is capable of detecting a high number of activities. The components of the service are shown in an evaluation scenario, in which recognition rates up to 97% can be achieved for ten activity classes.
Novel Gene Switches for Targeted and Timed Expression of Proteins of Interest (2005)

This article reports on the construction and analysis in vitro and in vivo of novel gene switches that can be used to achieve spatial as well as temporal control over the expression of a transgene of interest. The switches are expected to be functional in virtually any tissue and cell type. They consist of (a) a foreign or modified transactivator expressed under the dual control of a promoter or promoter cassette that is responsive to heat and the transactivator and (b) a promoter responsive to the transactivator for controlling the transgene of interest. A preferred gene switch of this type incorporated a mifepristone-dependent transactivator. This gene switch could be activated by a transient heat treatment in the presence of mifepristone. Activity increased with the intensity of the activating heat treatment and was found to persist for more than 6 days. The gene switch was essentially inactive prior to an activating heat treatment, in the absence or presence of mifepristone. Activated gene switch could be silenced by removal/withdrawal of mifepristone.
Efficiency of 76-GHz post-wall waveguide-fed parallel-plate slot arrays (2000)

We design and fabricate various sizes of 76-GHz post-wall waveguide-fed parallel-plate slot arrays. The post-wall waveguide is an array of metalized via-holes with a narrow spacing in a grounded dielectric substrate. The antenna can be easily made at low cost by conventional PCB (printed circuit board) fabrication techniques such as via-holing, metal plating, and etching. We have obtained 40-50% efficiency for various sizes from 26 mm/spl times/24 mm to 104 mm/spl times/100 mm. We have measured 35.3 dBi gain with 39.3% efficiency at 77.0 GHz in an antenna sized 104 mm/spl times/100 mm.
The Growth of Molecular Assemblies in Mild Surfactant Solutions (1986)

The size of molecular assembly of six synthetic dialkyl amphiphiles as determined by a quasi-elastic light scattering is varied in the presence of nonionic MEGA-n surfactants (N-D-gluco-N-methylalkanamide Cn = 7-9). At high MEGA-n concentration, the size is as small as a MEGA-n micelle itself suggesting that dialkyl amphiphile is solubilized in the nonionic micelle. At low concentration a dialkyl amphiphile vesicle keeps its size relatively constant and takes up MEGA-n molecules. In between, the molecular assembly size increases with MEGA-n concentration. It is only this concentration region where the size shows even more increase on dialytic removal of MEGA-n surfactant. These phenomena are closely related with the "detergent-removal method" often employed in phospholipid-mild surfactant systems.
Fusion Scheme for Semantic and Instance-level Segmentation (2018)

A powerful scene understanding can be achieved by combining the tasks of semantic segmentation and instance level recognition. Considering that these tasks are complementary, we propose a multi-objective fusion scheme which leverages the capabilities of each task: pixel level semantic segmentation performs well in background classification and delimiting foreground objects from background, while instance level segmentation excels in recognizing and classifying objects as a whole. We use a fully convolutional residual network together with a feature pyramid network in order to achieve both semantic segmentation and Mask R-CNN based instance level recognition. We introduce a novel heuristic fusion approach for panoptic segmentation. The instance and semantic segmentation output of the network is fused into a panoptic segmentation. This is achieved using object sub-category class and instance propagation guidance by object category class from semantic segmentation. The proposed solution achieves significant improvements in semantic object segmentation and object mask boundaries refinement at low computational costs.
Smart Locks (2016)

We examine the security of home smart locks: cyber-physical devices that replace traditional door locks with deadbolts that can be electronically controlled by mobile devices or the lock manufacturer's remote servers. We present two categories of attacks against smart locks and analyze the security of five commercially-available locks with respect to these attacks. Our security analysis reveals that flaws in the design, implementation, and interaction models of existing locks can be exploited by several classes of adversaries, allowing them to learn private information about users and gain unauthorized home access. To guide future development of smart locks and similar Internet of Things devices, we propose several defenses that mitigate the attacks we present. One of these defenses is a novel approach to securely and usably communicate a user's intended actions to smart locks, which we prototype and evaluate. Ultimately, our work takes a first step towards illuminating security challenges in the system design and novel functionality introduced by emerging IoT systems.
Vibration-rotation Hamiltonians of linear molecules (1993)

The construction of the molecular vibration-rotation Hamiltonian is considered, with particular reference to two alternative treatments of molecules with linear reference configurations. These can be considered to have either (i) 3N - 5 vibrational and 2 rotational degrees of freedom or (ii) 3N - 6 vibrational and 3 rotational degrees of freedom. In either case the classical kinetic energy consists of vibrational, rotational and translational parts given by The rotational part contains the angular velocity ω and the modified moment of inertia tensor I' of Wilson and Howard, which also occurs in the relation J α - πα = Σβ I'αβωβ involving the total (J) and vibrational (π) angular momenta. In case (i), I′ has a vanishing z row and column, where z is the axis of the molecule. This is associated with the Sayvetz condition that the total angular momentum about the axis is purely vibrational. These equations therefore contain only the two components ωx and ωy of ω, which can be eliminated to give the Hamiltonian form of the kinetic energy. In case (ii), the z row and column of the I' matrix are non-vanishing and I' is non-singular. The three components of ω can therefore be obtained in terms of the angular momenta, to give a treatment that is entirely analogous to that for a nonlinear reference configuration. The parameters of the case (ii) Hamiltonian are expressed in terms of those of case (i).