gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocrosslinkable Gelatin/Tropoelastin Hydrogel Adhesives for Peripheral Nerve Repair (2018)

Suturing peripheral nerve transections is the predominant therapeutic strategy for nerve repair. However, the use of sutures leads to scar tissue formation, hinders nerve regeneration, and prevents functional recovery. Fibrin-based adhesives have been widely used for nerve reconstruction, but their limited adhesive and mechanical strength and inability to promote nerve regeneration hamper their utility as a stand-alone intervention. To overcome these challenges, we engineered composite hydrogels that are neurosupportive and possess strong tissue adhesion. These composites were synthesized by photocrosslinking two naturally derived polymers, gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) and methacryloyl-substituted tropoelastin (MeTro). The engineered materials exhibited tunable mechanical properties by varying the GelMA/MeTro ratio. In addition, GelMA/MeTro hydrogels exhibited 15-fold higher adhesive strength to nerve tissue ex vivo compared to fibrin control. Furthermore, the composites were shown to support Schwann cell (SC) viability and proliferation, as well as neurite extension and glial cell participation in vitro, which are essential cellular components for nerve regeneration. Finally, subcutaneously implanted GelMA/MeTro hydrogels exhibited slower degradation in vivo compared with pure GelMA, indicating its potential to support the growth of slowly regenerating nerves. Thus, GelMA/MeTro composites may be used as clinically relevant biomaterials to regenerate nerves and reduce the need for microsurgical suturing during nerve reconstruction.
Protein engineering and applications of <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase isoforms (2004)

Commercial preparations of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) are mixtures of lipase isoforms used for the hydrolysis and synthesis of various esters. The presence of variable isoforms and the amount of lipolytic protein in the crude lipase preparations lead to a lack of reproducibility of biocatalytic reactions. Purification of crude CRL improve their substrate specificity, enantioselectivity, stability, and specific activities. The expression of the isoforms is governed by culture or fermentation conditions. Unfortunately, the nonsporogenic yeast C. rugosa does not utilize the universal codon CTG for leucine; therefore, most of the CTG codons were converted to universal serine triplets by site-directed mutagenesis to gain expression of functional lipase in heterologous hosts. Recombinant expressions by multiple-site mutagenesis or complete synthesis of the lipase gene are other possible ways of obtaining pure and different CRL isoforms, in addition to culture engineering. Protein engineering of purified CRL isoforms allows the tailoring of enzyme function. This involves computer modeling based on available 3-D structures of lipase isoforms. Lid swapping and DNA shuffling techniques can be used to improve the enantioselectivity, thermostability, and substrate specificity of CRL isoforms and increase their biotechnological applications. Lid swapping can result in chimera proteins with new functions. The sequence of the lid can affect the activity and specificity of recombinant CRL isoforms. Candida rugosa lipase is toxicologically safe for food applications. Protein engineering through lid swapping and rationally designed site-directed mutagenesis will continue to lead to the production of CRL isoforms with improved catalytic power, thermostability, enantioselectivity, and substrate specificity, while providing evidence for the mechanisms of actions of the various isoforms.
Design and Implementation of Assisting Converter-Based Integrated Battery Management System for Electromobility Applications (2017)

This paper presents a high power density battery management system for electromobility applications that integrates voltage step-up and cell balancing functions inside a single converter topology. The presented system is based on assisting conversion concept, implemented with multiple dual-active bridge (DAB) converter modules. The assisting conversion, where the converter is only processing a portion of the output power proportional to the voltage difference between the battery pack and the output of the converter, allows for the use of a smaller converter than those of conventional systems. Also, at the system level, this type of conversion results in a higher power processing efficiency. The modular structure of the converter provides multiple connections to battery cells and allows on-line cell balancing during standstill, charging, and discharging of the battery pack. The operation of the system is regulated by a practical digital controller that performs cell balancing and, at the same time, regulates the output voltage. Experimental results obtained with a 24–48 V, 200-W, 100-KHz converter for small scooters demonstrate that the assisting converter is capable of providing the two previously mentioned functions while having a smaller volume and better power processing efficiency than both the conventional DAB and boost-based solutions. The assisting DAB converter runs at a peak efficiency of a 95.4% and processes only a maximum of a 66% of the output power.
Biological activities of non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin analogs. (1999)

Recent discoveries that non-immunosuppressive analogs of cyclosporin (Cs) A have unanticipated and potentially useful biological activities have rekindled research interest in this class of molecules. This review outlines these discoveries and focuses on their possible clinical utilities, as well as their role as tools to study biochemical processes.
Handoff control for point to multipoint connections in mobile ATM networks (2002)

In this paper, we study handoff control for point to multipoint (PMP) connections in mobile ATM networks. First, we introduce the background knowledge of PMP connections. Next, we define the primary functions required for mobility support in PMP connections. Then, we discuss the special issues for the handoff control in all three types of PMP connections, such as crossover switch (COS) discovery and handoff path re-routing. Based on our previous handoff protocol design for point to point connection, we propose a protocol for PMP connections signaling mechanism which works with all three types of PMP connections and has lossless control function. A signaling syntax for the protocol is given and the sequence is illustrated.
A Role for Brassinosteroids in Light-Dependent Development of <b> <i>Arabidopsis</i> </b> (1996)

Although steroid hormones are important for animal development, the physiological role of plant steroids is unknown. The Arabidopsis DET2 gene encodes a protein that shares significant sequence identity with mammalian steroid 5 alpha-reductases. A mutation of glutamate 204, which is absolutely required for the activity of human steroid reductase, abolishes the in vivo activity of DET2 and leads to defects in light-regulated development that can be ameliorated by application of a plant steroid, brassinolide. Thus, DET2 may encode a reductase in the brassinolide biosynthetic pathway, and brassinosteroids may constitute a distinct class of phytohormones with an important role in light-regulated development of higher plants.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>(NTA): A <sup>99m</sup>Tc Renal Tracer with Pharmacokinetic Properties Comparable to Those of <sup>131</sup>I-OIH in Healthy Volunteers (2010)

Preliminary results in healthy volunteers suggest that the pharmacokinetic behavior of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) is comparable to that of (131)I-OIH.
Coal‐gas‐burning high‐efficiency power plant which recovers generated carbon dioxide (1991)

Abstract This paper describes the characteristics and construction of a coal‐gas‐burned high efficiency power plant which emits no carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the atmosphere. In a plant, CO 2 gas and superheated steam are used as the main and the secondary working fluids, respectively, of a closed dual fluid regenerative gas turbine power plant. Since coal gas composed of CO, H 2 , CO 2 and CH 4 is burned in a combustor using oxygen, the exhaust gas let into a condenser includes only CO 2 and H 2 O. Hence, CO 2 gas can be easily separated at the condenser outlet from condensate. In the plant, the combustion gas is first used to generate power by driving a turbine. High‐temperature turbine exhaust gas is next utilized at a regenerator to heat the main working fluid of CO 2 gas flowing into the combustor, and then is utilized at a waste heat boiler to produce the superheated steam injected into the combustor. It is estimated that the power can be generated with gross thermal efficiency of 54.4 percent, and that the power generating efficiency is 46.7 percent. Generating efficiency is calculated by subtracting the power required for producing the high‐pressure oxygen used for combustion from the generator output. It is shown that the estimated efficiency is higher by 18.1 percent than that of a conventional boiler steam turbine power generating plant into which a process for removing and recovering CO 2 from the stack gas by utilizing alkanolamine‐based solvent is integrated.
Development and Pharmacological Characterization of Conformationally Constrained Urotensin II-Related Peptide Agonists (2013)

Urotensin II (UII) and its paralog peptide, urotensin II-related peptide (URP), exert not only common but also divergent actions through the activation of UT, a specific membrane-bound receptor that belongs to the 1A G protein-coupled receptor subclass. In this study, we have designed and synthesized new URP analogues in which the intracyclic Trp residue was replaced with natural, unnatural, and constrained amino acids to determine important physicochemical features for receptor binding and activation. The biological data, highlighting the potent agonistic behavior of [Tiq(4)]URP and [Tpi(4)]URP, also suggest that the Trp residue, and more specifically the indole ring, is not critical for receptor interaction and could in fact be involved in the intramolecular stabilization of the bioactive conformation of URP. Finally, these analogues, which are intracyclic constrained URP-based agonists, could represent useful pharmacological tools for the study of the urotensinergic system.
Facial Nerve Stimulation after Cochlear Implantation (2005)

In this large series of CI FNS, the overall incidence of FNS is consistent with previous reports. All devices had a similar incidence of FNS, but perimodiolar electrodes produced FNS only at significantly higher loudness levels than straight electrodes, making them preferable for patients at risk for FNS receiving Nucleus devices.
High-density polarization-induced 2D electron gases in N-polar pseudomorphic undoped GaN/Al0.85Ga0.15N heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates (2022)

The polarization difference and band offset between Al(Ga)N and GaN induce two-dimensional (2D) free carriers in Al(Ga)N/GaN heterojunctions without any chemical doping. A high-density 2D electron gas (2DEG), analogous to the recently discovered 2D hole gas in a metal-polar structure, is predicted in a N-polar pseudomorphic GaN/Al(Ga)N heterostructure on unstrained AlN. We report the observation of such 2DEGs in N-polar undoped pseudomorphic GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. With a high electron density of ∼4.3 ×1013/cm2 that maintains down to cryogenic temperatures and a room temperature electron mobility of ∼450 cm2/V s, a sheet resistance as low as ∼320 Ω/◻ is achieved in a structure with an 8 nm GaN layer. These results indicate significant potential of AlN platform for future high-power RF electronics based on N-polar III-nitride high electron mobility transistors.
Switching Networks for Pairwise-Entanglement Distribution (2016)

Quantum networks have the potential to enhance the utility of quantum protocols (for, e.g., cryptography, communication, computation, etc.) by enabling the interoperation of multiple quantum systems. In this paper, we address the distribution of entanglement to the neighbors of a central entanglement source node equipped with a number of sources of entangled photon pairs. A switching network can be an effective component connecting the central node to its neighbors, thus enabling the reconfigurable routing of generated photons. We consider optimal (in terms of insertion loss and the number of component switches) photonic switching networks designed to satisfy the particular requirements of entanglement distribution. We begin by developing a rigorous framework for the study of such entanglement-distribution switching networks. Next, we devise and apply search strategies to design optimal switching networks applicable to entanglement source nodes with 10 or fewer neighbors. Scalable switching networks are then considered for an arbitrarily large number of neighbors, resulting in asymptotically optimal switching fabrics. For all designs, we address efficient routing algorithms for determining a switching-network state that provides the entanglement distribution desired of the switching network at a given time. The combination of optimal switching-network structures and associated efficient routing algorithms addresses a key component of entanglement distribution, thus advancing the state of the art of quantum networks toward practical implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Mannich Adducts by Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Sibirinine. (2015)

Abstract A two step sequence consisting of a Mannich reaction followed by a decarboxylative enantioselective allylic alkylation reaction is developed to provide a novel access to α‐quarternary Mannich type products.
Toward Highly Active Two-Photon Absorbing Liquids. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Octupolar Molecules (2003)

Three novel two-photon absorbing (TPA) chromophores with 1,3,5-triazine as the π-electron deficient core, dialkylfluorene as aromatic bridges, and diphenylamino groups as the electron-donating end-groups were prepared. Designated as AF-450 (2,4,6-tris[7-(diphenylamino)-9,9-didecylfluoren-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine), AF-455 (2,4,6-tris[9,9-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-7-(diphenylamino)-fluoren-2yl]-1,3,5-triazine), and AF-457 (2,4,6-tris[(7-(diphenylamino)-9,9-diprop-2-enylfluoren-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine), their overall molecular structure and local symmetry (D3h) are similar to those of previously reported three-armed AF-350 (N,N,N-tris[4-{7-(2-benzothiazolyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl}phenyl]amine) and AF-380 (N,N,N,-tris[7-(2-benzothiazolyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl]amine). Among the family of AFX chromophores previously reported by us, AF-450 possesses one of the largest effective TPA cross-sections (σ2‘ = 39 500 × 10-50 cm4-sec/photon-molecule, or 39 500 GM) as determined by nonlinear transmission method in the nanosecond regime at 800 nm. In contrast, AF-455, a mixture of stereoisomers with the same chemical formula as AF-450, is a glassy material that becomes fluid (molasses-like) upon heating at 70−80 °C and has noticeably smaller effective σ2‘ value (33 300 GM). AF-457 (σ2‘ = 27 800 GM) with six allyl side groups was prepared as a precursor toward the synthesis of a TPA liquid. The intrinsic TPA cross-sections of these chromophores were also determined as a function of excitation wavelengths via a femtosecond white-light continuum generation and direct degenerate-TPA measurement technique. At the TPA peaks ∼779 nm, their σ2‘ values are 216, 214, and 199 GM (±15%) for AF-450, AF-455, and AF-457, in that order. They are in the same trend as the nanosecond values, albeit two orders of magnitude lower.
Model-based iterative tomographic reconstruction with adaptive sparsifying transforms (2014)

Model based iterative reconstruction algorithms are capable of reconstructing high-quality images from lowdose CT measurements. The performance of these algorithms is dependent on the ability of a signal model to characterize signals of interest. Recent work has shown the promise of signal models that are learned directly from data. We propose a new method for low-dose tomographic reconstruction by combining adaptive sparsifying transform regularization within a statistically weighted constrained optimization problem. The new formulation removes the need to tune a regularization parameter. We propose an algorithm to solve this optimization problem, based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers and FISTA proximal gradient algorithm. Numerical experiments on the FORBILD head phantom illustrate the utility of the new formulation and show that adaptive sparsifying transform regularization outperforms competing dictionary learning methods at speeds rivaling total-variation regularization.
Dispersoid-toughened silicon nitride composites: Final report (1988)

Family medicine practitioners in a transition country have a more positive attitude towards science than towards alternative medicine, despite the adverse situation in which they practice. To involve family medicine practitioners in research, interventions must be directed towards changes in behavior and practice and not only towards increasing positive attitudes.
Lithium intercalation in porous carbon anodes (1994)

Carbon foams derived from the phase separation of polyacrylonitrile/solvent mixtures were investigated as lithium intercalation anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The carbon foams have a bulk density of 0.35--0.5 g/cm{sup 3}, low surface area (< 50 m{sup 2}/g), and an average cell size of 5--10 {mu}m. Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon foams doped with phosphoric acid had capacity as high as 450 mAh/g. Carbon capacity increased with increasing phosphoric acid concentration in the doping solution. The doped porous carbon anodes exhibited good cyclability and excellent coulombic efficiency.
Optimized control strategy for minimum ohmic loss of dual acitve bridge converter (2017)

The triple phase shift (TPS) modulation scheme, which provides three control handles, is of great importance for the optimized operation of dual active bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter. This paper studies the optimal modulation scheme of DAB converter based on TPS modulation scheme with respect to minimal RMS value of inductor current. The concept of global optimal condition (GOC) equations is proposed to derive the closed form of analytic expressions of an optimal modulation scheme that makes the DAB converter operate with minimized RMS current. By deducing and solving the GOC equations, the optimal modulation scheme proposed in this paper has great universality and can be used for the whole operation range. At last, the simulating and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
A VERSATILE PAPER /PDMS HYBRID MICROFLUIDIC BIOCHIP FOR LOW-COST GLOBAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSIS (2014)

© 14CBMS. We report a versatile and cost-effective paper/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid microfluidic device integrated with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the rapid, sensitive and instrument-free detection of the main meningitis-causing bacteria, Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). This hybrid system offers versatile functions, by providing not only on-site qualitative diagnostic analysis (i.e. a yes or no answer), but also confirmatory testing in clinical laboratory settings. We have achieved instrument-free direct pathogen detection without laborious sample preparation process or the use of centrifuges. The limit of detection of N. meningitidis is about 3 copies per LAMP zone within 45 minutes. This versatile paper/PDMS microfluidic platform has great potential for the point of care (POC) diagnosis of a wide range of infectious diseases, especially for developing countries.
Abstract 3824: Antitumor activity of REGN4659, a fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, against MC38.Ova tumors grown in immunocompetent human CTLA-4 knock-in mice (2018)

Abstract Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor that is expressed by activated conventional T cells and regulatory T cells and negatively regulates T cell activation. CTLA-4 plays a key role in restraining the adaptive immune response of T cells against a variety of antigens, including self-antigens. However, in the tumor microenvironment, the co-inhibitory CTLA-4 receptor contributes to tumor immune escape. CTLA-4 shares its two ligands, CD80 and CD86, which are largely expressed on antigen-presenting cells, with CD28, a co-activator of T cells; however, CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with higher affinity than CD28. Blockade of CTLA-4 elicits an effective antitumor immunity in preclinical animal models and has demonstrated favorable clinical results in several solid malignancies. REGN4659 is a human IgG1 antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of human and monkey CTLA-4 with high affinity and specificity. REGN4659 blocks CTLA-4 interaction with CD80 and CD86 ligands and enhances the cytokine release of activated primary human T cells in vitro. The effects of treatment with REGN4659 on the subcutaneous growth of a mouse adenocarcinoma tumors expressing chicken ovalbumin (MC38.Ova) were evaluated in immunocompetent mice genetically engineered to express a human CTLA-4 chimeric protein from the endogenous mouse locus (CTLA-4 hum/hum knock-in). Prophylactic treatment with REGN4659 significantly suppressed MC38.Ova tumor growth in CTLA-4 knock-in mice in a dose dependent manner, and improved mouse survival. Because patients treated systemically with CTLA-4 blockade have suffered from immune-related adverse events, we investigated the efficacy of a peritumoral low-dose administration of a mouse-reactive surrogate anti-CTLA-4 antibody in an attempt to minimize systemic exposure. Peritumoral injection of anti-CTLA-4 antibody was as efficacious as intraperitoneal delivery at inducing anti-tumor immunity. Peritumoral anti-CTLA-4 antibody delivery was associated with lower circulating antibody levels but nonetheless caused systemic antitumor immunity as revealed by growth retardation of concomitantly implanted distant tumors. The mechanism of action and robust anti-tumor efficacy of REGN4659 supports its clinical development for the treatment of human cancers. Citation Format: Elena Burova, Omaira Allbritton, Susannah Brydges, William Poueymirou, Robert Durso, Douglas MacDonald, Ella Ioffe, Markus Mohr, William Olson, Gavin Thurston. Antitumor activity of REGN4659, a fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, against MC38.Ova tumors grown in immunocompetent human CTLA-4 knock-in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3824.