gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B5: ACE-041, a soluble activin receptor-like kinase-1 fusion protein, is a novel antiangiogenic agent (2009)

Abstract The therapeutic targeting of angiogenesis has been associated with clinical benefit for a number of tumors including colorectal carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma and glioblastoma. Activin receptor-like kinase-1, an endothelium specific member of the TGFβ-type I receptor family, is believed to play a role in modulating angiogenesis. Homozygous inactivation of Alk1 in mice leads to embryonic lethality resulting from severe vascular abnormalities, while heterozygous mice exhibit chronic hemorrhaging and arteriovenous malformation similar to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-2 (HHT-2) patients harboring mutations in ALK1. To examine the potential of ALK1 inhibition as a novel anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer, we developed a soluble form of the ALK1 receptor (ACE-041) by fusing the extracellular region of human ALK1 to the Fc of human IgG1. ACE-041 was shown to bind only BMP-9 and BMP-10 out of 29 ligands tested in TGFβ family. ALK1 inhibition blocks SMAD 1/5/8 signaling and blocks in vitro cord formation of endothelial cells. ACE-041 inhibited in vivo blood vessel formation using Matrigel plug assay and chick chorioallantoic assay (CAM). Moreover, ACE-041 decreased tumor volume in a modified tumor CAM assay and in an orthotopic breast cancer model induced by MDA-MD-231 and MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. These data suggest that ALK1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with breast and other solid tumors and support advancement of ACE-041 into clinical trials. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B5.
ESD Phenomena and Protection Issues in CMOS Output Buffers (1987)

In VLSI devices with 1 μm CMOS technologies the use of silicided diffusions has been found to have a negative impact on the ESD protection levels of both inputs and outputs. In this paper the ESD phenomena for CMOS output buffers is presented to show that it can be improved for advanced processes. The primary findings here show that the p-channel device of the buffer can be made to play a significant role and that this feature can be used to achieve good protection for positive stress with respect to both VDD and VSS.
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for preventing prematurity-related bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): 7-year follow-up of the European Union Nitric Oxide (EUNO) trial (2020)

iNO for prevention of BPD in very premature infants with respiratory distress did not result in long-term benefits or adverse long-term sequelae. In the light of current evidence, routine use of iNO cannot be recommended for prevention of BPD in preterm infants.
Random walk of liquid droplets migrating in silicon (1976)

The dislocation-induced randum walk of an aluminum-rich droplet migrating in a thermal gradient along the 〈100〉 axis in silicon is shown to lead to an appreciable mean square displacement of the droplet from is original 〈100〉 thermal trajectory over migration distances of about 1 cm. When ordered arrays of droplets are migrated to produce columnar diode arrays in silicon, this random walk causes disregistry in the arrays. The disregistry can be minimized by introducing a small off-〈100〉-axis thermal gradient superimposed on the major 〈100〉 thermal gradient. This off-axis component of the thermal gradient overwhelms dislocation intersection effects which cause random walk and leads to a uniform nonrandom displacement which preserves the registry in the columnar diode arrays.
Ion-exchange material and method of storing radioactive wastes (1983)

A new cation exchanger is a modified tobermorite containing aluminum isomorphously substituted for silicon and containing sodium or potassium. The exchanger is selective for lead, rubidium, cobalt, and cadmium and is selective for cesium over calcium or sodium. The tobermorites are compatible with cement and are useful for the long-term fixation and storage of radioactive nuclear wastes.
Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low-coherence interferometry (2005)

We have developed Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (fLCI), a novel optical interferometry method for obtaining depth-resolved spectral information, specifically for the purpose of determining the size of scatterers by measuring their elastic scattering properties. The optical system achieves depth resolution by using coherence gating, enabled by the use of a white light source in a Michelson interferometer and detection of the mixed signal and reference fields with a spectrograph. The measured spectrum is Fourier transformed to obtain the axial spatial cross-correlation between the signal and reference fields providing depth-resolution. The spectral dependence of scattering by the sample is determined by windowing the spectrum to measure the scattering amplitude as a function of wavenumber (k = 2 Pi / lambda, where lambda is the wavelength). We present a new common path confgiuration fLCI optical system and demonstrate its capabilities by presenting results which determine the size of cell nuclei in a monolayer of T84 epithelial cells.
Advanced partitioning techniques for massively distributed computation (2012)

An increasing number of companies rely on distributed data storage and processing over large clusters of commodity machines for critical business decisions. Although plain MapReduce systems provide several benefits, they carry certain limitations that impact developer productivity and optimization opportunities. Higher level programming languages plus conceptual data models have recently emerged to address such limitations. These languages offer a single machine programming abstraction and are able to perform sophisticated query optimization and apply efficient execution strategies. In massively distributed computation, data shuffling is typically the most expensive operation and can lead to serious performance bottlenecks if not done properly. An important optimization opportunity in this environment is that of judicious placement of repartitioning operators and choice of alternative implementations. In this paper we discuss advanced partitioning strategies, their implementation, and how they are integrated in the Microsoft Scope system. We show experimentally that our approach significantly improves performance for a large class of real-world jobs.
Solid-phase synthesis of thymosin .beta.4: chemical and biological characterization of the synthetic peptide (1983)

The chemical synthesis of thymosin beta 4 using a solid-phase procedure has been accomplished. The synthetic product was found to be homogeneous on paper electrophoresis at pH 6.5, high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column, and isoelectric focusing using polyacrylamide gels. The synthetic material was also shown to be identical with the natural thymosin beta 4 by tryptic peptide mapping, amino acid compositional analyses, and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. Biologically, synthetic thymosin beta 4 was found to be as active as the natural compound in a terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase induction assay and in a macrophage migration inhibition assay. The proposed structure of the peptide hormone was thus confirmed by a chemical synthesis.
Vehicle Transponder for Preemption of Traffic Lights (2006)

The purpose of this article is to describe, in more detail, the transponder installed in each vehicle that participates in the emergency traffic-light-preemption system described in the immediately preceding article. The transponder (see figure) is a fully autonomous data--collection, data-processing, information-display, and communication subsystem that performs robustly in preemption of traffic lights and monitoring of the statuses of street intersections. This transponder monitors the condition of the emergency vehicle in which it is installed and determines when the vehicle has been placed in an emergency-response condition with its siren and/or warning lights activated. Upon detection of such a condition, the transponder collects real-time velocity and acceleration data from the onboard diagnostic (OBD) computer of the vehicle. For this purpose, the transponder contains an OBD interface circuit, including a microprocessor that determines the manufacturer and model of the vehicle and then sends the appropriate commands to the OBD computer requesting the speed and acceleration data. At the same time, data from an onboard navigation system are collected to determine the location and the heading of the vehicle. Then acceleration, speed, position, and heading data are processed and combined with a vehicle-identification number and the resulting set of data is transmitted to monitoring and control units located at all intersections within communication range. When the unit at an intersection determines that this vehicle is approaching and has priority to preempt the intersection, it transmits a signal declaring the priority and the preemption to all participating vehicles (including this one) in the vicinity. If the unit at the intersection has determined that other participating vehicles are also approaching the intersection, then this unit also transmits, to the vehicle that has priority, a message that the other vehicles are approaching the same intersection. The texts of these messages, plus graphical symbols that show the directions and numbers of the approaching vehicles, are presented on the display panel of a computer that is part of the transponder.
A Fast and Power–Area-Efficient Accumulator for Flying-Adder Frequency Synthesizer (2009)

The flying-adder frequency synthesis architecture is a novel approach of generating frequencies on chip. Since its invention, it has been used in many commercial products to cope with difficult frequency generation challenges. Along the course of this architecture's evolution, various circuit- and system-level problems have been resolved. In this paper, one remaining problem related to circuit implementation, namely, the construction of the accumulator, is studied. A new scheme is proposed to achieve the flying-adder accumulation function that not only has speed advantage but also is power and area efficient. The issue related to time-average frequency and jitter is also discussed.
Reciprocating optical modulator for millimeter-wave generation (2004)

We fabricated a reciprocating optical modulator consisting of an optical modulator and fiber Bragg grating. The linewidth of generated 49.5 GHz signal was smaller than 300 Hz, where rf-signal of 5.5 GHz was fed to the modulator.
Emitter—Base—Collector self-aligned heterojunction bipolar transistors using wet etching process (1986)

The first emitter-base-collector (EBC) self-aligned (SA) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) using wet etching process are described. This self-alignment fabrication technique is extremely simple but can get excellent high-frequency performance. An HBT with a 4-µm-wide emitter mesa showed 18 GHz of F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> and 13 GHz of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_{\max}</tex> . By optimizing this process, high-frequency operation above 40 GHz can be expected.
Protection of puppies against canine herpesvirus by vaccination of the dams (2001)

Six bitches free of canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) were vaccinated against the virus; a first injection was given 10 days after the presumed date of mating and a second six weeks later. Six similar bitches were left unvaccinated as controls, and all the pups were challenged oronasally with a virulent strain of CHV-1 at three days of age. All the vaccinated bitches seroconverted and had high antibody titres when the puppies were challenged, but the control bitches remained seronegative. In the control group, 62 per cent (18 of 29) of the pups died of CHV-1-induced disease; most of them showed typical clinical signs and macroscopic lesions, and CHV-1 infection was confirmed by the isolation of the virus or by PCR. None of the puppies in the vaccinated group died of CHV-1 infection. The efficacy of the vaccine was confirmed in CHV-1-positive breeding units. The rate of pregnancy tended to be higher in vaccinated bitches and the mortality of pups before weaning was significantly reduced in the litters born to vaccinated bitches.
Discovery and Optimization of Potent, Cell-Active Pyrazole-Based Inhibitors of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (2017)

We report the discovery and medicinal chemistry optimization of a novel series of pyrazole-based inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Utilization of a quantitative high-throughput screening paradigm facilitated hit identification, while structure-based design and multiparameter optimization enabled the development of compounds with potent enzymatic and cell-based inhibition of LDH enzymatic activity. Lead compounds such as 63 exhibit low nM inhibition of both LDHA and LDHB, submicromolar inhibition of lactate production, and inhibition of glycolysis in MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer and A673 sarcoma cells. Moreover, robust target engagement of LDHA by lead compounds was demonstrated using the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug-target residence time was determined via SPR. Analysis of these data suggests that drug-target residence time (off-rate) may be an important attribute to consider for obtaining potent cell-based inhibition of this cancer metabolism target.
Onset Crystallization Temperature and Deposit Amount for Waxy Crudes: Experimental Determination and Thermodynamic Modelling (1997)

Abstract Paraffinic crude oils are often transported at conditions where heavy hydrocarbons contained in the oil may precipitate as a solid waxy material. This precipitation may plug the processing equipment. In the design of oil production facilities, it is therefore essential to be able to predict the conditions where wax crystallization may take place and the amounts of wax which may form. Several models have been proposed in the literature for the prediction of wax precipitation from natural crude oils. But they generally overestimate considerably the amount of wax precipitation below the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The objective of this study has been to develop a reliable compositional thermodynamic model to compute wax appearance temperature as well as the amount and the composition of waxy deposits as a function of temperature and to verify the proposed model with experimental results. This paper will describe the thermodynamic model and the complementary laboratory test methods. The agreement between the measured and predicted values for two crudes of different production areas is good.
Implementation of an imprint damascene process for interconnect fabrication (2006)

Advanced integrated circuits require eight or more levels of wiring to transmit electrical signal and power among devices and to external circuitry. Each wiring level connects to the levels above and below it through via layers. The dual damascene approach to fabricating these interconnected structures creates a wiring level and a via level simultaneously, thereby reducing the total number of processing steps. However, the dual damascene strategy (of which there are several variations) still requires around 20 process steps per wiring layer. In this work, an approach to damascene processing that is based on step-and-flash imprint lithography (SFIL) is discussed. This imprint damascene process requires fewer than half as many steps as the standard photolithographic dual damascene approach. Through use of a template with two tiers of patterning, a single imprint lithography step can replace two photolithography steps. Further improvements in efficiency are possible if the imprint material is itself a functional dielectric material. This work is a demonstration of the compatibility of imprint lithography (specifically SFIL) with back-end-of-line processing using a dual damascene approach with functional materials.
In vivo evaluation of OSI-906, a novel small molecule kinase inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) (2007)

B244 The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has emerged as a potentially viable target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. IGF-1R is primarily activated by its cognate ligands, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and -2 (IGF-2). Ligand binding results in receptor autophosphorylation and stimulation of IRS, leading to the activation of PI-3K/AKT/mTOR and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK signaling pathways that are important for tumor cell survival and growth. IGF ligands are upregulated in several tumor types in which IGF-1R is expressed, providing rationale to investigate this target for the development of a novel anti-cancer therapeutic. Several biologic approaches including antibodies targeting the receptor have been pursued. However, very few small molecule inhibitors interfering with the kinase activity of IGF-1R have advanced to the clinical setting. Here we report the preclinical in vivo pharmacology profile of OSI-906, a potent small molecule kinase inhibitor of IGF-1R that has recently entered Phase I clinical trials. OSI-906 has favorable pharmacokinetic properties including linear exposure in rodents and good oral bioavailability in mice and higher species. In a pharmacodynamic model utilizing the GEO colon carcinoma xenograft, a single oral dose of OSI-906 at 60 mg/kg provided significant target inhibition (80%) for up to 24 hours as measured by loss of phospho-IGF-1R protein in xenograft tumors. The PK/PD profile of OSI-906 correlated to substantial tumor growth inhibition in several xenograft models (GEO, Colo-205, cal-62). As the kinase domains of IGF-1R and insulin receptor are highly homologous we also observed hyperglycemia in association with OSI-906 treatment. A once daily schedule of OSI-906 at 60 mg/kg resulted in transient increases in blood glucose levels. A pharmacodynamic study revealed that while OSI-906 inhibited IGF-1R for 24 hours it only transiently inhibited insulin receptor. This was consistent with modest selectivity of the compound for IGF-1R vs. insulin receptor observed at the cellular level. Moreover, we found that a low BID dose schedule of OSI-906 was able to reduce the hyperglycemia while retaining similar anti-tumor efficacy. These results suggest that alternate dosing schedules may be employed to minimize the potential hyperglycemia effects. In summary, our data suggest that OSI-906 is a novel potent inhibitor of IGF-1R with a promising preclinical pharmacology profile. OSI-906 may have utility in tumor types that are dependent on IGF-1R tyrosine kinase activity. Hence, phase I clinical trials are currently ongoing to investigate its clinical potential.
Macromolecular Sensing of RNAs by Exploiting Conformational Changes in Supramolecular Nanostructures (2014)

Here, we report on a ratiometric fluorescence biosensor based on self-assembled peptide nanostructures (SPN), which can respond to conformational changes induced by RNA ligand binding. The design of the SPN biosensor was inspired by the conformational stabilization and multimerization behaviors of the HIV-1 Rev protein induced by cooperative protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. Because conformation-sensitive SPN biosensors can orchestrate binding and signal transduction events, they can be developed as highly sophisticated and smart nanomaterials for biosensing.
Robot for ultrasound-guided prostate imaging and intervention (2011)

This paper presents a novel approach to increase the amount of visual stimuli in sensor measurements using saliency maps. A saliency map is a combination of normalized feature maps in different channels (i.e. color, intensity) to represent the relative strength of visual stimuli in an image. The total saliency is higher when the camera is looking at a scene with more interesting things in the field of view and vise versa. We employ methods of extremum seeking control to find a camera position that corresponds to local maximum saliency value. We combine the global properties of simplex optimization methods with the local search properties and dynamic response of extremum seeking control to create a novel algorithm that is more likely to find a global maximum than conventional extremum seeking control. Simulations and experiments are presented to show the strength of this approach.
A Structural Gene Encoding β-Amylase of Barley (1995)

A structural gene encoding the beta-amylase that is abundant in the starchy endosperm of ungerminated barley seeds was isolated and characterized. It was 3825 bp in length. In the sequence of the structural gene, a sequence identical to that of the cDNA was found to contain seven exons and six introns.
Isolation and characterization of cancer procoagulant: a cysteine proteinase from malignant tissue (1985)

Cancer procoagulant, a proteolytic procoagulant enzyme, has been purified from rabbit V2 carcinoma extracts by two procedures. In the first, the protein was purified by benzamidine--Sepharose affinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography. Antiserum was raised against the purified protein and was used to prepare an immunoadsorbent column. In the second, tumor extracts were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography followed by p-(chloromercuri)benzoate affinity chromatography. The second procedure was substantially quicker and easier. The final product of both procedures was homogeneous on the basis of analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight was 68 000 and the isoelectric point 4.8. The proteinase activity of cancer procoagulant directly activated factor X, in the absence of factor VII, and was inhibited by 1 mM iodoacetamide and 0.1 mM mercury which are classic cysteine proteinase inhibitors. A carbohydrate analysis showed less than 1 mol of hexose or sialic acid/mol of protein. The amino acid analysis showed that serine (19.1%), glycine (18.77%), and glutamic acid (12.5%) were the prevalent amino acids. The amino acid composition of cancer procoagulant was substantially different than other known factor X activating proteinases or other cysteine proteinases including cathepsin B.
Antenna geometries for shaped dual reflector antennas (2002)

The geometry of a shaped dual reflector antenna customarily evolves from the classical Gregorian ( or Cassegranian) which satisfies the Mizugutch condition. The reasons for choosing this initial antenna geometry are, partially, due to lack of knowledge, and partially, due to convenience. Indeed most of shaped dual reflector antennas were designed with such a process. The principal polarization contours are, in general, satisfactory. The cross-polarization level, nevertheless, becomes too high when the angular coverage area is large. Because of such results, the application of shaped dual reflector antennas has been questioned. Occasionally, this approach is abandoned in favor of an expensive dual grided shaped reflector design in order to achieve high polarization purity. This investigation discovers that the major cause of this high cross polarization behavior is not due to the reflector being shaped. It is due to the antenna geometry. Thus, with an "improved" antenna geometry, the cross polarization level can be significantly reduced.
Transoral Obesity Surgery: Endoluminal Gastroplasty with an Endoscopic Suture Device (2005)

In a bench model, it is technically possible to accomplish transoral gastroplasty endoscopically with an intraluminal suturing device. Further live animal studies will be needed in order to confirm the efficacy and safety of this procedure before clinical application.