gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of specific chondrocyte populations to modulate the properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage (2002)

Tissue engineering of articular cartilage is a promising alternative to the conventional approaches for cartilage repair. However, recent attempts to develop articular cartilage in vitro have proven to be difficult. The tissue formed in vitro may not accumulate enough extracellular matrix, and the resulting mechanical properties are only a fraction of the native tissue. We investigated whether using specific populations of chondrocytes would improve the properties of the cartilaginous tissue that was generated in vitro. Full-thickness (FT), mid-and-deep zone (MD), and deep-zone (DEEP) chondrocytes were isolated, placed on the surface of porous ceramic substrates and maintained in culture for eight weeks. Tissue developed from DEEP chondrocytes was thicker (FT: 0.94+/-0.03, MD: 0.88+/-0.04, DEEP: 2.4+/-0.1 mm) and had accumulated larger amounts of extracellular matrix (FT: 1.61+/-0.05, MD: 1.5+/-0.1, DEEP: 3.8+/-0.2 mg dry weight) than the tissues formed by the FT and MD chondrocytes. The tissue formed by the FT chondrocytes accumulated the greatest amount of collagen (FT: 211+/-14, MD: 185+/-8, DEEP: 178+/-5 microg/mg dry weight) whereas the tissue formed by the MD chondrocytes accumulated significantly more proteoglycans (FT: 198+/-10, MD: 265+/-10, DEEP: 215+/-5 microg/mg dry weight). Interestingly, MD chondrocytes produced tissue that had compressive mechanical properties up to four times greater than the cartilaginous tissues formed by cells from either the FT or DEEP of cartilage. Thus, a combined population of intermediate and DEEP chondrocytes might be more suitable for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage.
Fully Automated Road Defect Detection Using Street View Images (2017)

Road quality assessment is a crucial part in municipalities' work to maintain their infrastructure, plan upgrades, and manage their budgets. Properly maintaining this infrastructure relies heavily on consistently monitoring its condition and deterioration over time. This can be a challenge, especially in larger towns and cities where there is a lot of city property to keep an eye on. We review road quality assessment methods currently employed, and then describe our novel system, which integrates a collection of existing algorithms, aimed at identifying distressed road regions from street view images and pinpointing cracks within them. We predict distressed regions by computing Fisher vectors on local SIFT descriptors and classifying them with an SVM trained to distinguish between road qualities. We follow this step with a comparison to a weighed contour map within these distressed regions to identify exact crack and defect locations, and use the contour weights to predict the crack severity. Promising results are obtained on our manually annotated dataset, which indicate the viability of using this cost-effective system to perform road quality assessment at the municipal level.
An accurate algorithm for head detection based on XYZ and HSV hair and skin color models (2008)

Head detection in images and videos plays an important role in a wide range of computer vision and multimedia applications. In this paper, we propose a new head detection algorithm that is capable of handling significantly variable conditions in terms of viewpoint (i.e. frontal, profile, back view, from −180 degrees to +180 degrees), tilt angle (i.e. from horizontal to aerial), scale and resolution. To this aim, we built a new model for the head based on appearance distributions and shape constraints. The appearance distribution models the colors of hair and skin by sets of Gaussian mixtures in the XYZ and HSV color spaces. The shape constraint fits an elliptical model to the candidate region and compares its parameters with priors based on the human anatomy. This presents a pixel-level measurement of accuracy for the proposed algorithm both prior and after applying the spatial constraints referenced by the elliptical model. The excellent accuracy at both levels confirms the accuracy of the appearance model and the appropriateness of the spatial and topological process.
Building malware infection trees (2011)

Dynamic analysis of malware is an ever evolving and challenging task. A malware infection tree (MiT) can assist in analysis by identifying processes and files related to a specific malware sample. In this paper we propose an abstract approach to building a comprehensive MiT based on rules describing execution events essential to malware infection strategies of files and processes. The MiT is built using strong and weak bonds between processes and files which are based on transitivity of information and creator/created relationships. The abstract approach facilitates usage on any operating system platform. We implement the rules on the Windows Vista operating system using a custom built tool named MiTCoN which was used in a small scale analysis and infection tree creation of a diverse set of 5800 known malware samples. Results analysis revealed a significant occurrent of our rules within a very short span of time. We demonstrate our rule set can effectively and efficiently build infection trees linking all related processes and files of a specific malware sample with no false positives. We also tested the possible usability of a MiT in disinfecting a system which yielded a 100% success rate.
Broadband Wireless, Integrated Services, and Their Application to Intelligent Transportation Systems (2000)

This paper introduces some of the newer broadband wireless communications alternatives and describes how they could be used to provide high-speed connections between fixed, transportable, and mobile facilities. We also describe the new integrated service technologies – devices used to bundle voice, data, and video services for transmission over a single link. In this case, it’s a broadband wireless link. Together, the new broadband wireless and integrated service technologies can be used to provide efficient, cost effective, and flexible multi-service provisioning. We introduce this concept and discuss its potential for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Suggested Keywords: broadband, wireless, integrated service platform, multi-service access device (MSAD), integrated access device (IAD), Intelligent Transportation
Fusion pumped light source (2023)

Apparatus is provided for generating energy in the form of light radiation. A fusion reactor is provided for generating a long, or continuous, pulse of high-energy neutrons. The neutron flux is coupled directly with the lasing medium. The lasing medium includes a first component selected from Group O of the periodic table of the elements and having a high inelastic scattering cross section. Gamma radiation from the inelastic scattering reactions interacts with the first component to excite the first component, which decays by photon emission at a first output wavelength. The first output wavelength may be shifted to a second output wavelength using a second liquid component responsive to the first output wavelength. The light outputs may be converted to a coherent laser output by incorporating conventional optics adjacent the laser medium.
SoundAuth: Secure Zero-Effort Two-Factor Authentication Based on Audio Signals (2018)

Two-factor authentication (2FA) popularly works by verifying something the user knows (a password) and something she possesses (a token, popularly instantiated with a smart phone). Conventional 2FA systems require extra interaction like typing a verification code, which is not very user-friendly. For improved user experience, recent work aims at zero-effort 2FA, in which a smart phone placed close to a computer (where the user enters her username/password into a browser to log into a server) automatically assists with the authentication. To prove her possession of the smart phone, the user needs to prove the phone is on the login spot, which reduces zero-effort 2FA to co-presence detection. In this paper, we propose SoundAuth, a secure zero-effort 2FA mechanism based on (two kinds of) ambient audio signals. SoundAuth looks for signs of proximity by having the browser and the smart phone compare both their surrounding sounds and certain unpredictable near-ultrasounds; if significant distinguishability is found, SoundAuth rejects the login request. For the ambient signals comparison, we regard it as a classification problem and employ a machine learning technique to analyze the audio signals. Experiments with real login attempts show that SoundAuth not only is comparable to existent schemes concerning utility, but also outperforms them in terms of resilience to attacks. SoundAuth can be easily deployed as it is readily supported by most smart phones and major browsers.
Training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels of patients with heart failure (1997)

Katz, Stuart D., Jeannette Yuen, Rachel Bijou, and Thierry H. LeJemtel. Training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels of patients with heart failure. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1488–1492, 1997.—The effects of physical training on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in skeletal muscle resistance vessels were investigated in patients with heart failure. Forearm blood flows (ml ⋅ min −1 ⋅ 100 ml −1 ) in response to brachial arterial administration of acetylcholine (5 × 10 −5 and 5 × 10 −4 M at 1 ml/min) and nitroglycerin (5 × 10 −6 and 5 × 10 −5 M at 1 ml/min) were determined by strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography before and after 8 wk of daily handgrip exercise in 12 patients with chronic heart failure. After 8 wk of daily handgrip exercise, the vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine significantly increased from pretraining values, i.e., 16.6 ± 2.0 vs. 8.6 ± 1.3 ml ⋅ min −1 ⋅ 100 ml −1 ( P < 0.05) and 27.5 ± 1.5 vs. 14.6 ± 1.7 ml ⋅ min −1 ⋅ 100 ml −1 ( P < 0.05), respect- ively, whereas the vasodilatory responses to nitroglycerin did not change. Handgrip exercise training appears to specifically enhance endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the forearm skeletal muscle circulation of patients with heart failure.
Holostream: High-Accuracy, High-Speed 3D Range Video Encoding and Streaming Across Standard Wireless Networks (2018)

Holostream is a novel platform which enables high-quality 3D video communication on mobile devices (e.g., iPhones, iPads) using existing standard wireless networks. The major contributions are: (1) a novel high-quality 3D video compression method that drastically reduces both 3D geometry and color texture data sizes in order to transmit them within the bandwidths provided by existing wireless networks; (2) a novel pipeline for 3D video recording, encoding, compression, decompression, visualization and interaction; and (3) a demonstration system which successfully delivered video-rate, photorealistic 3D video content through a standard wireless network to mobile devices. The novel platform improves the quality and expands upon the capabilities of popular applications already utilizing real-time 3D data delivery, such as teleconferencing and telepresence. This technology could also enable emerging applications which may require highresolution, high-accuracy 3D video data delivery, such as remote robotic surgery and telemedicine.
Dysfunctional Metabolism Induced by the Systemic Effects of Burn Trauma: The Role of Rates of Polyinositol and Glycerophosphate Formation in Diaphragm (1993)

Common complications among patients with burns are respiratory problems. Inspiration for breathing normally is facilitated by diaphragmatic contractility. However, in burn trauma numerous factors impose on skeletal muscle activity and chest wall function. These present limitations to surgical procedures requiring anesthesia. The hypothesis of this study was that the systemic effects of increasing burn size may result in metabolic changes in the polyinositol part of the phosphatidyl inositol signal transduction system in diaphragm. In this report, rate changes in polyinositol phosphates (i.e., inositol triphosphate (IP3), inositol 1,4 biphosphate (I1,4P2), inositol 1 phosphate (I1P), and inositol) that occurred in diaphragm subjected to the systemic effects of burn trauma were examined. Third-degree burn injury was applied by scalding predefined areas (i.e., 0%, 20%, and 50% body surface area) on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of mice. At postburn day 21 tissues were harvested and the levels of the polyinositol phosphates were measured by incorporation of myo-[2-3H]-inositol with separation of the phosphates by anion-exchange chromatography. All actual levels and rates of formation were analyzed with standard statistical tests and curve-fitting routines. Rate changes of the labelled [3H]-polyinositol phosphates were determined for the control, 20%, and 50% groups. These data show that rate changes occur in the polyinositol part of the phosphatidyl signal transduction system and are caused by the systemic effects of large percent body surface area burns. The changes that occur in the polyinositol phosphates provide insight into dysfunctional processes that can affect skeletal muscle physiology. The long-term goal of these studies is that they will lead to therapeutic advancements in the treatment of respiratory dysfunction in patients with burns.
Final Work Platform Installed for NASA's Space Launch System (2017)

Final Work Platform Installed in the Vehicle Assembly Building High Bay 3 for NASAs Space Launch System.
An automated early ischemic stroke detection system using CNN deep learning algorithm (2017)

Over the past few years, stroke has been among the top ten causes of death in Taiwan. Stroke symptoms belong to an emergency condition, the sooner the patient is treated, the more chance the patient recovers. However, the location of ischemic stroke in the CT image is not obvious, so the diagnosis need to rely on doctors to assess the image. The purpose of this paper is to develop an automated early ischemic stroke detection system using CNN deep learning algorithm. After entering the CT image of the brain, the system will begin image preprocessing to remove the impossible area which is not the possible of the stroke area. Then we will select the patch images and use Data Augmentation method to increase the number of patch images. Finally, we will input the patch images into the convolutional neural network for training and testing. In this paper, we used 256 patch images to train and test a CNN module that it had the ability to recognize the ischemic stroke. From the experimental results, we can find that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than 90%. It means that the method proposed in this paper can effectively assist the doctor to diagnose.
Value of information of seismic amplitude and CSEM resistivity (2008)

Abstract We propose a method for computing the value of information in petroleum exploration, a field in which decisions regarding seismic or electromagnetic data acquisition and processing are critical. We estimate the monetary value, in a certain context, of a seismic amplitude or electromagnetic-resistivity data set before purchasing the data. The method is novel in the way we incorporate spatial dependence to solve large-scale, real-world problems by integrating the decision-theoretical concept of value of information with rock physics and statistics. The method is based on a statistical model for saturation and porosity on a lattice along the top reservoir. Our model treats these variables as spatially correlated. The porosity and saturation are tied to the seismic and electromagnetic data via nonlinear rock-physics relations. We efficiently approximate the posterior distribution for the reservoir variables in a Bayesian model by fitting a Gaussian at the posterior mode for transformed versions of saturation and porosity. The value of information is estimated based on the prior and posterior distributions, the possible revenues from the reservoir, and the cost of drilling wells. We illustrate the method with three examples.
Absolute Conductivity Reconstruction in Magnetic Induction Tomography Using a Nonlinear Method (2006)

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) attempts to image the electrical and magnetic characteristics of a target using impedance measurement data from pairs of excitation and detection coils. This inverse eddy current problem is nonlinear and also severely ill posed so regularization is required for a stable solution. A regularized Gauss-Newton algorithm has been implemented as a nonlinear, iterative inverse solver. In this algorithm, one needs to solve the forward problem and recalculate the Jacobian matrix for each iteration. The forward problem has been solved using an edge based finite element method for magnetic vector potential A and electrical scalar potential V, a so called A, A - V formulation. A theoretical study of the general inverse eddy current problem and a derivation, paying special attention to the boundary conditions, of an adjoint field formula for the Jacobian is given. This efficient formula calculates the change in measured induced voltage due to a small perturbation of the conductivity in a region. This has the advantage that it involves only the inner product of the electric fields when two different coils are excited, and these are convenient computationally. This paper also shows that the sensitivity maps change significantly when the conductivity distribution changes, demonstrating the necessity for a nonlinear reconstruction algorithm. The performance of the inverse solver has been examined and results presented from simulated data with added noise.
Ocean currents magnify upwelling and deliver nutritional subsidies to reef-building corals during El Niño heatwaves (2023)

Marine heatwaves are triggering coral bleaching events and devastating coral populations globally, highlighting the need to identify processes promoting coral survival. Here, we show that acceleration of a major ocean current and shallowing of the surface mixed layer enhanced localized upwelling on a central Pacific coral reef during the three strongest El Niño-associated marine heatwaves of the past half century. These conditions mitigated regional declines in primary production and bolstered local supply of nutritional resources to corals during a bleaching event. The reefs subsequently suffered limited post-bleaching coral mortality. Our results reveal how large-scale ocean-climate interactions affect reef ecosystems thousands of kilometers away and provide a valuable framework for identifying reefs that may benefit from such biophysical linkages during future bleaching events.
Elevated levels of the polyadenylation factor CstF 64 enhance formation of the 1kB Testis brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP) mRNA in male germ cells (2001)

The single copy mouse Testis Brain RNA-Binding Protein (TB-RBP) gene encodes three mRNAs of 3.0, 1.7, and 1.0 kb which only differ in their 3' UTRs. The 1 kb TB-RBP mRNA predominates in testis, while somatic cells preferentially express the 3.0 kb TB-RBP mRNA. Here we show that the 1 kb mRNA is translated several-fold more efficiently than the 3 kb TB-RBP in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and cells with elevated levels of the 1 kB TB-RBP mRNA express high levels of TB-RBP. To determine if the cleavage stimulatory factor CstF 64 can modulate the alternative splicing of the TB-RBP pre-mRNA and therefore TB-RBP expression, CstF 64 levels and binding to alternative polyadenylation sites were examined. CstF 64 is abundant in the testis and preferentially binds to a distal site in the TB-RBP pre-mRNA that produces the 3 kb TB-RBP. Moreover, upregulation or overexpression of CstF 64 increases the poly(A) site selection for the 1 kb TB-RBP mRNA. We propose that the level of the polyadenylation factor CstF 64 modulates the level of TB-RBP synthesis in male germ cells by an alternative processing of the TB-RBP pre-mRNA.
Substance P levels are decreased in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (1992)

There is increasing evidence that neuropeptides (NP) such as substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels were found to be significantly elevated in lesional skin of AD as compared to controls. We evaluated by radioimmunoassay the SP content in whole skin homogenates from chronic lichenified lesions of patients with AD. The levels of SP were significantly decreased in lesional skin from AD patients as compared to control skin (0.25 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.97 +/- 0.24 pmol/g tissue, p < 0.01). The diminished SP levels as opposed to increased VIP concentrations could be consistent with different roles of these NP as modulatory agents in the mechanisms associated with AD.
Aminochelin, a Catecholamine Siderophore Produced by Azotobacter vinelandii (1988)

A catecholamine siderophore, named aminochelin, produced by iron-limited Azotobacter vinelandii was purified and tentatively identified as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylputrescine. This compound was first observed as an ethyl-acetate-insoluble catechol that accounted for 30 to 50% of the total catechol in iron-limited culture supernatant fluids. The purified compound was unstable at neutral to alkaline pH, bound Fe3+, Fe2+ and molybdate, and promoted 55Fe-uptake into iron-limited A. vinelandii. Aminochelin was induced and repressed coordinately with the other catechol siderophore azotochelin. The catechol siderophores were, however, less sensitive to repression by soluble iron than the yellow-green fluorescent peptide siderophore azotobactin.
Robust motion control and trajectory planning for planar laser cutting system (2002)

A laser cutting system must be well designed regarding the overall system performance thus assuring the required tolerance of a workpiece. The original solution of the mechanical construction and the use of low cost mechanical components results in a non-rigid system. Since non-rigid mechanics complicate the control of the system, the combination of advanced controllers and smooth trajectory planning algorithms has to be used. A new advanced robust continuous sliding mode controller used for the control of non-rigid systems and the algorithms for the smooth trajectory planning modified in order to avoid resonance frequencies and ensure timely deceleration in order to stop the machine without braking are described, together with some experimental results on the industrial application of an X-Y table.
<title>Megapixel resolution PC digital still camera</title> (1996)

A PC digital still camera based on a mega-pixel CCD area array is presented. This camera can be used as an image input device in the applications of multimedia. The system is equipped with a conventional camera lens, and an 1.5 mega-pixel progressive color CCD area array. A driving circuit is designed to control the focusing and the iris of the lens in order to perform auto/manual focus and auto/manual exposure functions. The CCD image sensor is also used as a sensor for auto focus, auto exposure and auto white balance control. This could eliminate the additional sensors. A shutter wheel is built for continuous exposure, which allows the host computer to display the entire field of view for preview without using an additional optical viewfinder. The digital signal processing is implemented in a computer software for interpolation, color reproduction, and edge enhancement, etc. A SCSI interface is used to connect to a host computer for data and command transmission.