gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Monofacially Functionalized Cyclodextrins Bearing Amino Pendent Groups (1997)

Derivatives of the cyclodextrins, αCD, βCD, and γCD, in which all primary hydroxyls are substituted by amine pendant groups, may be synthesized efficiently from the per-6-bromo-6-deoxy-CD derivatives by direct reaction with amines. These ACD derivatives, which bear six, seven, or eight amine pendent groups, represent interesting biomimetic receptors and catalysts. The synthetic strategy relies on quantitative transformation and efficient purification as is demonstrated by preparation of 11 homogeneous ACD derivatives. The limitations of the synthesis and potential adaptations are illustrated by the synthesis of several more ACD derivatives to >95% purity. A synthetic route to a CD persubstituted with primary amine functionalities at the primary face, per-6-(aminomethyl)-6-deoxy-CD, yields an alternative reagent to the simple per-6-amino-6-deoxy-CD, which is more suitable for further synthetic transformations. The synthetic strategy is further adapted to preparation of a prototypical (6 + 1)-ACD derivative in which one primary position is substituted with a sulfide group and the remaining six primary face positions are substituted with amine pendent groups.
FABRICATION OF HOLLOW SILICA NANORODS USING NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AS TEMPLATES (2012)

A simple approach to fabricate hollow silica nanorods is reported, using nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as templates. Uniform NCC with the length of ca. 100 nm and a diameter of ca. 10 nm were prepared by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in strong sulfuric acid condition. NCC was used as a template to prepare a core-shell composite of silica and NCC. The sol-gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was employed to coat NCC with a nano thickness of silica in the presence of ammonia. Finally, hollow silica nanorods were obtained by calcination of the composite at 600°C to remove the organic cellulose template completely. The obtained hollow silica nanorods were found to have uniform size and shape: with a length of ca. 100 nm, an inner diameter close to the original diameter of NCC, and a thickness of around 10 to 15 nm. These results suggest that NCC is an excellent template for manufacturing nano hollow materials with uniform shape and size.
Fenton oxidation with ethanol to degrade anthracene into biodegradable 9,10-anthraquinon: a pretreatment method for anthracene-contaminated soil (1998)

The anthracene (ANT), and the large amounts of soil contaminated by this hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), necessitate developing a practical treatment method to prevent further environmental damage. Here, we describe a method for effectively pretreating soil highly contaminated with ANT (≈500 mg ANT/kg soil), i.e., we apply Fenton oxidation in which ethanol is added to increase ANT removal. In addition to determining the optimum amounts of ethanol, Fe2+, and H2O2 needed to achieve maximum removal efficiency of ANT from simulated soil (andesol particles), i.e., ≈97%, we also employ GC-MS and HPLC to determine the main oxidation product generated by the optimized Fenton reaction: 9,10-anthraquinon (ANTQUI). The biodegradability of ANTQUI is subsequently confirmed to be much more rapid than that of ANT, i.e., biodegradability of 90 versus 30% over 30 days, results demonstrating that the proposed treatment method can be effectively applied to remove ANT prior to disposal at industrial waste sites.
Ferric ion sequestering agents. 11. Synthesis and kinetics of iron removal from transferrin of catechoyl derivatives of desferrioxamine B (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerric ion sequestering agents. 11. Synthesis and kinetics of iron removal from transferrin of catechoyl derivatives of desferrioxamine BSteven J. Rodgers and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 3, 439–442Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00357a022Request reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (518 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra-stable clock laser system development towards space applications (2016)

The increasing performance of optical lattice clocks has made them attractive for scientific applications in space and thus has pushed the development of their components including the interrogation lasers of the clock transitions towards being suitable for space, which amongst others requires making them more power efficient, radiation hardened, smaller, lighter as well as more mechanically stable. Here we present the development towards a space-compatible interrogation laser system for a strontium lattice clock constructed within the Space Optical Clock (SOC2) project where we have concentrated on mechanical rigidity and size. The laser reaches a fractional frequency instability of 7.9 × 10<sup>-16</sup> at 300 ms averaging time. The laser system uses a single extended cavity diode laser that gives enough power for interrogating the atoms, frequency comparison by a frequency comb and diagnostics. It includes fibre link stabilisation to the atomic package and to the comb. The optics module containing the laser has dimensions 60 × 45 × 8 cm<sup>3</sup>; and the ultra-stable reference cavity used for frequency stabilisation with its vacuum system takes 30 × 30 × 30 cm<sup>3</sup>. The acceleration sensitivities in three orthogonal directions of the cavity are 3.6 × 10<sup>-10</sup>/g, 5.8 × 10<sup>-10</sup>/g and 3.1 × 10<sup>-10</sup>/g, where g ≈ 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup> is the standard gravitational acceleration.
Low-Cost Transducer Based On Surface Scattering Using Side-Polished D-Shaped Optical Fibers (2015)

This work presents a new low-cost and environmentally friendly optical transducer based on surface scattering in a side-polished fiber mounted on a glass groove. The surface roughness caused by polishing is used to estimate the change in refractive index on top of the fiber. Changing the surrounding index affects the scattering properties and, consequently, the leakage of the guided mode. This effect is experimentally investigated through the change in the attenuation coefficient when the surrounding refractive index is changed by dropping different weight ratios of glucose solutions onto the polished side. The measured change of the attenuation coefficient is consistent with the finite-element calculations. The effect of different polished depths was theoretically investigated to optimize the working conditions.
MIMoSA: An Automated Method for Intermodal Segmentation Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions (2018)

MIMoSA resulted in statistically significant improvements in lesion segmentation performance compared with LesionTOADS and OASIS, and performed competitively in an additional validation study.
Implication of TNF receptor-I-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation in growth of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells: a possible role of a novel death domain protein MADD in TNF-alpha-induced ERK1/2 activation in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. (1999)

TNF-alpha is a key pathogenic mediator of infectious and inflammatory diseases. HIV infection stimulates and dysregulates the immune system, leading to abnormal production of TNF-alpha. Despite its cytotoxic effect on some tumor cell lines, TNF-alpha functions as a growth stimulator for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a common malignancy in HIV-infected patients. However, signaling pathways linked to TNF-alpha-induced mitogenic responses are not well understood. We found that extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in KS cells were significantly activated by TNF-alpha through tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation. Using neutralizing anti-TNFR-I and TNFR-II mAbs, we have now obtained evidence that TNF-alpha-induced KS cell growth and ERK1/2 activation are mediated exclusively by TNFR-I, not by TNFR-II. A selective inhibitor for ERK1/2 activator kinases, PD98059, profoundly inhibited not only the activation of ERK1/2, but also the TNF-alpha-induced KS cell proliferation. We therefore propose that the TNFR-I-ERK1/2 pathway plays a pivotal role in transmitting to KS cells the mitogenic signals of TNF-alpha. TNFR-I possesses no intrinsic kinase activity, suggesting that TNFR-I-associated proteins may provide a link between TNFR-I and ERK1/2 activation. We found that actinomycin D treatment of KS cells selectively abolished expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activating death domain protein (MADD), a novel TNFR-I-associated death domain protein. TNF-alpha failed to induce ERK1/2 activation in the actinomycin D-treated cells. MADD may couple TNFR-I with the ERK1/2 signaling pathway required for KS cell proliferation.
Track etch orientation survey in the Cluff Lake area, northern Saskatchewan (1976)

Track Etch is a recently designed method of uranium exploration that uses small pieces of special plastic film to detect the presence of radon gas emitted by buried uranium deposits. By using a sampling time of at least 25 days, the track etch technique eliminates the problems of sensitivity and fluctuations in background values normally present with other radon detection methods. During the summer of 1974, an orientation survey was carried out over the 'N' zone of Amok (Canada) Limited in the Cluff Lake area of northwestern Saskatchewan. This was the first test of the method in an area of glacial overburden and the results have been encouraging. The 'N' zone consists of several pitchblende-bearing lenses associated with gently dipping fracture zones in paragneisses and granites of Archean or Aphebian age. The mineralized zones have been outlined by drilling and occur at depths ranging from 10 to 100 meters. The mineralized area is covered by sandy till and outwash ranging from a few meters to 20 meters in thickness. Approximately 160 track etch sample cups were placed in shallow holes at the surface at roughly 70-meter centers. Sampling extended well beyond the boundaries of the known ore zone. High track etch values were obtained over the deposit, with a peak anomaly of more than 50 times the background value measured for the surrounding area. (auth)
Identification of a novel granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP-2) from human tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo comparison with natural forms of GRO, IP-10, and IL-8 (1993)

Stimulated human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) were used as a source of granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP). In addition to the previously isolated GCP-1/IL-8, natural forms of GRO alpha, GRO gamma, and IP-10 were purified and identified by amino acid sequence analysis. Further, a novel GCP, GCP-2, was isolated in its natural form (6 kDa) and was found to be structurally related to the other members of the IL-8 family. GRO alpha, IP-10, and GCP-2 showed heterogeneity, in that several forms of each protein were recovered. These differed in truncation at the amino terminus. Reverse phase HPLC allowed us to separate four such different forms of GCP-2. These tumor-derived factors were compared in granulocyte activation and chemotaxis assays. IL-8 induced neutrophil gelatinase B release at 2 nM, but GRO alpha and GCP-2 showed a 5- to 10-fold lower specific activity. When the migration of granulocytes through polycarbonate micropore membranes was measured, GCP-2 and GRO alpha had a maximal chemotactic index comparable to that of IL-8. The minimal effective dose for GCP-2 and GRO alpha was 3 to 10 nM, whereas the specific activity of IL-8 was at least 10-fold higher. IP-10 was not active in this assay at doses up to 100 nM. Finally, in vivo chemotaxis was measured by using granulocyte recruitment in the rabbit skin model. After intradermal injection of 200 ng/site, GCP-2 provoked a significant granulocyte infiltration, albeit to a lesser extent than did IL-8 and GRO alpha. GCP-2 did not attract monocytes in vivo nor did it induce the cells in vitro to migrate or to produce enzyme. In conclusion, this study reveals a new member of the IL-8 family and shows that these related inflammatory mediators possess different potencies and efficacies towards granulocytes.
High-content screening of small compounds on human embryonic stem cells (2010)

Human ES (embryonic stem) cells and iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells have been heralded as a source of differentiated cells that could be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes. Despite the great potential for their use in regenerative therapy, the challenge remains to understand the basic biology of these remarkable cells, in order to differentiate them into any functional cell type. Given the scale of the task, high-throughput screening of agents and culture conditions offers one way to accelerate these studies. The screening of small-compound libraries is particularly amenable to such high-throughput methods. Coupled with high-content screening technology that enables simultaneous assessment of multiple cellular features in an automated and quantitative way, this approach is proving powerful in identifying both small molecules as tools for manipulating stem cell fates and novel mechanisms of differentiation not previously associated with stem cell biology. Such screens performed on human ES cells also demonstrate the usefulness of human ES/iPS cells as cellular models for pharmacological testing of drug efficacy and toxicity, possibly a more imminent use of these cells than in regenerative medicine.
Activated Monocytes Prime Naïve T Cells Against Autologous Cancer: Vigorous Cancer Destruction<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i> (2011)

It has not been considered so far that antigen-presenting cells (APC) may phagocytose immunogenic material from autologous cancer cells. Assuming the presence of cancer-immunogenic material in APC, we developed a novel autologous priming method that does not require tumour cells or identified peptides. Cancer-immunogenic information came from CD14+ monocytes. When stimulated with CD3-activated T cells, monocytes primed CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ resting/naïve T cells to become powerful effector cells within 24 h. During priming, depletion of CD14+ monocytes but not CD1a+ CD83+ dendritic cells prevented T cell priming. During cancer cell destruction, dendritic cells, but not monocytes, enhanced cancer cell lysis. The cascade-primed (CAPRI) immune cell quartet comprising monocytes, dendritic cells, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells induced a significant decrease in the number of suppressive CD25(high) FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells. CAPRI cells induced a marked upregulation of MHC class I and class II expression in cancer cells, which is crucial for autoimmune-like lysis. We show in vivo evidence of the CAPRI cell concept in nude mice. In humans, we present circumstantial clinical evidence showing the efficacy of CAPRI cells in an adjuvant treatment attempt for breast cancer patients with metastasis (N = 42). Compared to patients at the Munich Tumor Center (no CAPRI treatment N = 428), almost double the expected number of patients survived 5 years (P =1.36 × 10⁻¹⁴). The CAPRI method is a safe procedure without negative side effects. High numbers of cancer-specific CAPRI cells can be obtained within a week against different cancer types for efficient adoptive cell therapy.
Preventing Scale Deposition Downhole Using High Frequency Electromagnetic AC Signals from Surface to Enhance Production Offshore Denmark (2014)

Abstract Mineral scale deposition is a significant impediment to efficient operation of oil and gas facilities. Deposition control strategies include brine demineralisation, chemical inhibition and mechanical intervention. Mitigation costs are highest at offshore locations requiring well intervention and include significant production deferment. Hydrocarbon production in the Danish sector of the North Sea has a number of specific regional challenges as reservoirs are often carbonate with high produced water calcium concentration resulting in a high potential for carbonate scaling. Secondary production techniques such as water injection flooding to maintain pressure are used and sea water is pumped directly into the reservoir introducing sulphate leading to downhole mineral scale deposition of barium sulphate, strontium sulphate etc. The offshore location of production facilities dictates that interventions are expensive and put pressure on valuable offshore bed spaces. This paper reports results of field application of a recently introduced scale control technology based on high frequency electromagnetic AC signals generated and impressed onto a well head or associated piping conduit. Field trial data is provided from a production well with a history of scaling where production pressure was held back to reduce scaling severity. Field trial data describes the impact of the technology in preventing scale in a high value well. Analysis of the results showed that physical treatment using this alternative approach effectively controlled scale deposition such that the production systems was protected and the production benefits included increased reliability of gas lift valves, cessation of any tubing acid washes and enhancing production. The economic value added and reduction in risk to personnel and emissions are described. An extended (9 month) pilot test has allowed production to be increased and no mineral scaling has been detected. The results achieved are promising. Stable and no lost production added a value to the producing asset and avoided significant revenue loss to the operator.
Effects of combining transforming growth factor beta and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on differentiation of a human osteosarcoma (MG-63). (1992)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), when added simultaneously to a human osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63, induce alkaline phosphatase activity 40-70-fold over basal levels, 6-7-fold over 1,25D3 treatment alone, and 15-20-fold over TGF beta treatment alone. TGF beta and 1,25D3 synergistically increased alkaline phosphatase specific activity in both matrix vesicles and plasma membrane isolated from the cultures, but the specific activity was greater in and targeted to the matrix vesicle fraction. Inhibitor and cleavage studies proved that the enzymatic activity was liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase. Preincubation of MG-63 cells with TGF beta for 30 min before addition of 1,25D3 was sufficient for maximal induction of enzyme activity. Messenger RNA for liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase was increased 2.1-fold with TGF beta, 1.7-fold with 1,25D3, and 4.8-fold with the combination at 72 h. Human alkaline phosphatase protein as detected by radioimmunoassay was stimulated only 6.3-fold over control levels with the combination. This combination of factors was tested for their effect on production of three other osteoblast cell proteins: collagen type I, osteocalcin, and fibronectin. TGF beta inhibited 1,25D3-induced osteocalcin production, whereas both factors were additive for fibronectin and collagen type I production. TGF beta appears to modulate the differentiation effects of 1,25D3 on this human osteoblast-like cell and thereby retain the cell in a non-fully differentiated state.
Fast Computing Framework for Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

In the case of building large convolutional neural networks, signal propagation speed is one of priority factors. Training large neural structures requires enormous time for achieving satisfying accuracy. In addition, the networks need to be learn by very large sets of good quality training images, which is another time-consuming factor. The paper presents a fast computing framework with some methods to optimize the signal propagation speed. We compare our implementation with the original OverFeat implementation.
Phenolic profile (HPLC-UV) of olive leaves according to extraction procedure and assessment of antibacterial activity (2019)

The aim of the present study is to firstly study the effect of the extraction solvents (ethanol, acetonitrile, distilled water), pH, temperature, and the extraction method (maceration, sonication, maceration in two steps) on the flavonoid and phenolic contents of olive leaves. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analyzes of phenolic compounds by (HPLC) were performed. Results showed that the extract macerated in two steps by ethanol followed by distilled water of dried leaves showed high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids compared to the extracts obtained by the other studied techniques and solvents. On the other hand, the macerated extracts were studied for their antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes</i>). The results showed a strong antibacterial activity of the same macerated extract in two steps for dried leaves, which could be attributed to its richness in bioactive compounds such as oleuropein.
When Treatment is Torture: Protecting People with Disabilities Detained in Institutions (2012)

Throughout the world, people with disabilities are subject
to mistreatment in psychiatric hospitals, orphanages, nursing
homes, and other institutions. Much of this abuse is
a product of neglect and lack of care — poor, unhygienic conditions,
a lack of treatment, and outmoded service systems that
segregate people from society. In some circumstances, however,
pain and suffering is a direct consequence of treatment practices
whose stated purpose is to provide treatment, care, or protection.
There is a growing recognition that pain inflicted in the name of
treatment may violate international law. In some circumstances, it
rises to the level of torture.
This article describes these developments and suggests
challenges that lie ahead. The authors draw on insights from
our work with Disability Rights International (DRI — formerly
Mental Disability Rights International or MDRI), an organization engaged for nearly twenty years in documenting,
exposing, and challenging abuses against
people with disabilities.
Flexible Low Power Probability Density Estimation Unit For Speech Recognition (2007)

This paper describes the hardware architecture for a flexible probability density estimation unit to be used in a large vocabulary speech recognition system, and targeted for mobile platforms. The speech recognition system is based on hidden Markov models and consists of two computationally intensive parts - the probability density estimation using Gaussian distributions, and the Viterbi decoding. The power hungry nature of these computations prevents porting the application successfully to mobile devices. We have designed a flexible probability estimation unit that is both power efficient and meets real time requirements while being flexible enough to handle emerging speech recognition techniques. The flexible nature of the design allows it to utilize emerging power and computation reduction techniques (at the algorithm level) to achieve up to an 80% power reduction as compared to conventional designs