gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epileptic seizure detection for multi-channel EEG with deep convolutional neural network (2018)

A new epileptic seizure detection method based on deep convolutional network is proposed. The proposed network is designed for multi-channel EEG signals and considers spatio-temporal correlation, a feature in epileptic seizure detection, using 1D and 2D convolutional layers. 1D convolutional layer considers temporal evolution of the EEG signal of each channel and 2D convolutional layers considers spatial relationships between EEG channels. We make datasets for training and test by extracting the EEG segments from CHB-MIT EEG Scalp database and SNUH-HYU EEG database: the recordings of long-term EEG monitoring at Seoul National University Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston. Our model is trained and tested using the EEG segments with varying durations. We also investigate the effect of artifact elimination on epileptic seizure detection by applying a low-pass filter to the EEG signals. Our model achieves 90.5% prediction accuracy with SNUH-HYU EEG dataset.
New Stilbenoids from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seeds Challenged by an Aspergillus caelatus Strain (2008)

Four new stilbene derivatives, termed arahypins, have been isolated from peanut seeds challenged by an Aspergillus caelatus strain, along with two known stilbenoids that have not been previously reported in peanuts. The structures of these new putative phytoalexins were determined by analysis of NMR, MS, and UV data. Together with other known peanut stilbenoids that were also produced in the challenged seeds, these new compounds may play a defensive role against invasive fungi.
Valdecoxib for the management of chronic and acute pain (2005)

Cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and are effective in managing a wide range of chronic and acute painful conditions such as adult rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, migraine, primary dysmenorrhea and postoperative pain. Valdecoxib, an orally administered cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, provides effective pain relief for both chronic and acute conditions, and reduces postoperative opioid use, with a concomitant reduction in opioid-related adverse events. Valdecoxib also has superior gastrointestinal safety compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and at therapeutic doses, it is generally safe and well tolerated in terms of renal and cardiovascular events. This drug profile reviews the efficacy, safety and tolerability of valdecoxib for the management of chronic and acute pain.
Bisulfite-free, single base-resolution analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA by chemical-mediated mismatch (2018)

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is known as one of the vital players in nuclear reprogramming and the process of active DNA demethylation. Although the development of whole-genome sequencing methods for modified cytosine bases has burgeoned, the easily operated gene-specific loci detection of 5hmC has rarely been reported. Herein, we present a single-base resolution approach, <i>i.e.</i>, chemical-assisted mismatch sequencing (CAM-Seq), which, when combined with traditional oxidation and chemical labeling mediation, can be used for mapping 5hmC at base resolution. We employ chemical oxidation to transform 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC), followed by chemical labeling to induce C-to-T base changes owing to the fact that the loss of the exocyclic 4-amino group of labeled 5fC leads to C to T conversion and subsequent pairing with adenosine (A) in PCR. The feasibility of CAM-Seq is demonstrated in different synthetic oligonucleotide models as well as in part of the genome of 5hmC-rich mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Moreover, the gene fragment containing 5hmC can be easily biotinylated after oxidation, showing high enrichment efficiency. Our method has the potential capability to map 5hmC in genomic DNA and thus will contribute to promoting the understanding of the epigenetic modification of 5hmC.
Expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 is required for the development of the earliest T cell progenitors and correlates with stages of cellular proliferation in the thymus (1999)

GATA-3 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is essential for both early T cell development and Th2 cell differentiation. To quantify GATA-3 expression during T cell development in vivo in the mouse, the GATA-3 gene was targeted by insertion of a lacZ reporter by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Although we could detect GATA-3+ cells throughout T cell development in the thymus, the proportions of GATA-3+ cells varied considerably between the distinct differentiation stages. The two periods of TCR alpha and beta gene recombination, which occur in quiescent or slowly dividing cells, were associated with low proportions of GATA-3+ cells. Conversely, the stage of rapidly proliferating cells, which insulates these two waves of TCR rearrangement, was characterized by a large proportion of GATA-3+ cells. In addition, we generated chimeric mice by injection of GATA-3-deficient, lacZ-expressing ES cells into wild-type blastocysts. In this in vivo competition analysis, no contribution of GATA-3-deficient cells to the T cell lineage was detected, not even in the earliest CD44+CD25- double-negative (CD4-CD8-) cell stage in the thymus. These results parallel data implicating other GATA family members as key regulators of proliferation and survival of early hematopoietic cells. We therefore propose that GATA-3 is required for the expansion of T cell progenitors, and for the control of subsequent proliferation steps, which alternate periods of TCR recombination in the thymus.
Middleware-based Database Replication: The Gaps between Theory and Practice (2007)

The need for high availability and performance in data management systems has been fueling a long running interest in database replication from both academia and industry. However, academic groups often attack replication problems in isolation, overlooking the need for completeness in their solutions, while commercial teams take a holistic approach that often misses opportunities for fundamental innovation. This has created over time a gap between academic research and industrial practice. This paper aims to characterize the gap along three axes: performance, availability, and administration. We build on our own experience developing and deploying replication systems in commercial and academic settings, as well as on a large body of prior related work. We sift through representative examples from the last decade of open-source, academic, and commercial database replication systems and combine this material with case studies from real systems deployed at Fortune 500 customers. We propose two agendas, one for academic research and one for industrial R&D, which we believe can bridge the gap within 5-10 years. This way, we hope to both motivate and help researchers in making the theory and practice of middleware-based database replication more relevant to each other.
Single transverse mode optical resonators (2005)

We use quantum mechanical analogy to introduce a new class of optical resonators with finite deflection profile mirrors that support a finite number of discrete confined transverse modes and a continuum of unconfined transverse modes. We develop theory of such resonators, experimentally demonstrate micro-optical resonators intrinsically confining only a single transverse mode, and demonstrate high finesse step-mirrorprofile resonators. Such resonators have profound implications for optical resonator devices, such as lasers and interferometers.
An auto calibration scheme for sensor fusion (2002)

In this paper, an auto calibration scheme is proposed to determine the fusion weights and biases for a weighted sum method of multisensor system. This scheme can gradually adjust the weights and biases of all sensors based on a learning algorithm. Signals with different standard deviations and biases are treated in computer simulation as the multisensor system inputs so as to verify the effectiveness of the auto calibration scheme. It is shown with a comparison with Wiener filter, the proposed scheme can be used to minimize the fusion output's standard deviation and determine the fusion weights and biases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modulation classification of mixed signals using fast independent component analysis (2016)

In military and civilian communications, signals are often interfered by hostile jamming or illegal transmission. In these situations, determining the modulation format of mixed signals is a challenging task, which is tackled using a three step algorithm named PFCC(PCA, FICA, Cumulants Based Classification Algorithm) in this paper. In the first step, centering and whitening is conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) to suppress noise. In the second step, mixed signals are separated using fast independent component analysis (FICA), which can transform received signal into components that are maximally independent from each other. In the third step, high-order cumulants (HOC) are calculated to determine the modulation format of each signal. Through extensive simulation, the convergence speed and performance of PFCC are validated. We also notice that the relative power of mixed signals has a big influence on performance.
The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats on cardiac contractile proteins. (1981)

In order to determine whether diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats is associated with altered contractile proteins, male and female rats were made diabetic with intravenous streptozotocin (STZ). Calcium ATPase activity of cardiac actomyosin was significantly decreased after 1 week of diabetes and was depressed by 60% by 2 weeks. Rats pretreated with 3-O-methyl glucose to prevent the hyperglycemia caused by STZ had normal Ca2+-actomyosin ATPase activities, and non-diabetic rats whose food was restricted to keep their body and heart weights similar to those found in diabetic animals had only a slight fall in actomyosin ATPase activity. Ca2+-ATPase and actin-activated ATPase activities of pure myosin were similarly depressed in preparations from hearts of diabetic animals. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing failed to reveal differences in the patterns of contractile proteins or light subunits between diabetics and controls, but pyrophosphate gels showed a shift in the myosin pattern. Because of depressed circulating thyroid hormone levels in diabetic animals, cardiac contractile proteins were also studied in preparations from thyroidectomized rats. Calcium activities of actomyosin and myosin ATPase were lower than values found in hearts of diabetic rats. When diabetic animals were kept euthyroid with thyroid replacement, actomyosin ATPase activity was still depressed. Thus STZ diabetes causes a significant decrease in cardiac contractile protein ATPase activity. This may be related to altered proportions of myosin isoenzymes.
TCP deadlock due to coarse timer granularitiesin Unix-based systems (1999)

While it is usually assumed that packet schedulers in routers have sufficiently fine-grain timers, network systems frequently have timers of coarse granularity. An investigation into QoS failures that occur due to coarse timer granularities is presented. Based on the investigation, two methods for solving the problems are presented.
Bacterial defenses against a natural antibiotic promote collateral resilience to clinical antibiotics (2021)

Bacterial opportunistic human pathogens frequently exhibit intrinsic antibiotic tolerance and resistance, resulting in infections that can be nearly impossible to eradicate. We asked whether this recalcitrance could be driven by these organisms' evolutionary history as environmental microbes that engage in chemical warfare. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model, we demonstrate that the self-produced antibiotic pyocyanin (PYO) activates defenses that confer collateral tolerance specifically to structurally similar synthetic clinical antibiotics. Non-PYO-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, likewise display elevated antibiotic tolerance when cocultured with PYO-producing strains. Furthermore, by widening the population bottleneck that occurs during antibiotic selection and promoting the establishment of a more diverse range of mutant lineages, PYO increases apparent rates of mutation to antibiotic resistance to a degree that can rival clinically relevant hypermutator strains. Together, these results reveal an overlooked mechanism by which opportunistic pathogens that produce natural toxins can dramatically modulate the efficacy of clinical antibiotics and the evolution of antibiotic resistance, both for themselves and other members of clinically relevant polymicrobial communities.
Effects of Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) on human health: A systematic review (2021)

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is a shrub native to the Amazon rainforest, with fruit that has a potent antioxidant capacity due to its high content of vitamin C and total phenolics. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, antigenotoxic effects, and improves the biochemical profile. It can be used as a functional dietary supplement to delay aging and control chronic diseases associated with diabetes, obesity, and cancer. For these reasons, this study aims to perform a systematic review regarding the effects of Camu-camu on human health. Databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, and Scielo were searched following the PRISMA guidelines. After the literature search and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria described above, we included 12 studies. The growing interest in Camu-camu occurs due to its high ascorbic acid content (200 to 700 mg/5 g) associated with other antioxidant compounds and the alleged effects, culminated in several dried products that are found in the international market for a premium price. In health, this plant's use both in humans and in animal models has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic actions. It also prevents visceral and liver fat deposition due to brown adipose tissue activation and increased expenditure of energy. Moreover, the use of Camu-camu can lead to flow-mediated vasodilation responses and blood pressure modifications. The studies found in the literature show that this plant can be used as a nutraceutical once it exhibits impressive amounts of bioactive compounds that can produce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and, for these reasons, could be considered to prevent several pathological conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
Solid State Quantum Computing Using Spectral Holes (2000)

A quantum computer that stores information on two-state systems called quantum bits or qubits must be able to address and manipulate individual qubits, to effect coherent interactions between pairs of qubits, and to read out the value of qubits.1,2 Current methods for addressing qubits are divided up into spatial methods, as when a laser beam is focused on an individual qubit3,4,5 or spectral methods, as when a nuclear spin in a molecule is addressed using NMR.6,7 The density of qubits addressable spatially is limited by the wavelength of light, and the number of qubits addressable spectrally is limited by spin linewidths. Here, we propose a method for addressing qubits using a method that combines spatial and spectral selectivity. The result is a design for quantum computation that provides the potential for a density of quantum information storage and processing many orders of magnitude greater than that afforded by ion traps or NMR. Specifically, this method uses an ensemble of spectrally resolved atoms in a spectral holeburning solid. The quantum oupling is provided by strong atom-cavity interaction. Using a thin disc of diamond containing nitrogen-vacancy color centers as an example, we present an explicit model for realizing up to 300 coupled qubits in a single spot. We show how about 100 operations can take place in parallel, yielding close to 40,000 operations before decoherence.
MIP Genes are Down-regulated Under Drought Stress in Nicotiana glauca (2001)

Water flux across cell membranes has been shown to occur not only through the lipid bilayer, but also through aquaporins, which are members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) super-family of channel proteins. Aquaporins greatly increase the membrane permeability for water, but may also be regulated, allowing cellular control over the rate of water influx/efflux. Water flux is crucial for stomatal opening and closing, but little is known about the role that aquaporins play in stomatal physiology. Our initial goal was to isolate and characterize the MIP genes expressed in guard cells of the model plant, Nicotiana glauca. Degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to amino acid sequences conserved in tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) or plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) were used to amplify portions of MIP genes by RT-PCR. These PCR products were used as probes in screening a N. glauca guard cell cDNA library. We isolated three clones (NgMIP1, NgMIP2 and NgMIP3) homologous to TIPs and two clones (NgMIP4 and NgMIP5) homologous to PIPs. All of the MIP genes we characterized displayed highest levels of mRNA accumulation in roots or stems, with lower levels of expression in mesophyll cells and whole leaves, and lowest transcript accumulation in guard cell RNA. Interestingly, the accumulation of transcripts arising from NgMIP2, NgMIP3 and NgMIP4 diminished dramatically in drought-stressed plants. This down-regulation of MIP gene expression may result in reduced membrane water permeability and may encourage cellular water conservation during periods of dehydration stress.
A Study of Carbonized Lignin as an Alternative to Carbon Black (2014)

The production of biobased carbonaceous powder from bioethanol coproduct lignin for use as a substitute for fossil fuel-derived conductive carbon black filler is examined. The synthesis procedure used for the formation of biobased carbon black is studied in order to obtain properties similar to conventional carbon black. Characterization of the carbon material after varying carbonization temperatures and ball milling times was investigated to optimize carbon size, surface area, and thermal and electrical conductivity. The optimized carbonized ball milled lignin had a carbon content greater than 90% with the majority of the carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridized state. The carbonized ball milled lignin exhibited a surface area 882% larger and a thermal conductivity 36% greater in comparison to the conductive carbon black tested, while the electrical conductivity was 9.5 S m–1 lower for the carbonized ball milled lignin. This research has demonstrated the possibility of producing biobased carbon black as a potential substitute for commercial carbon black by using lignin as a precursor material.