gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Vinca alkaloid-binding polypeptides identified in calf brain by photoaffinity labeling. (1987)

A radioactive, photoactive Vinca alkaloid, N-(p-azido-[3,5-3H]-benzoyl)-N'-beta-aminoethylvindesine [( 3H]NABV) with pharmacological and biological activities similar to vinblastine was synthesized and used to identify specific Vinca alkaloid macromolecular interactions in calf brain homogenate by photoaffinity labeling. The most prominent photolabeled species were 54.3- and 21.5-kDa polypeptides. The Vinca alkaloid-binding specificity of these polypeptides was confirmed by competitive blocking of specific photolabeling by vinblastine but not by colchicine or daunorubicin. The 54.3- and 21.5-kDa polypeptides exhibited specific half-maximum saturable photolabeling at 2.1 and 0.95 X 10(-7) M [3H]NABV, respectively. Relative vinblastine and NABV association constants (Ka vinblastine/Ka NABV) for the 54.3- and 21.5-kDa polypeptides were estimated to be 0.86 and 1.4, respectively. The 54.3-kDa component was found in both high speed (100,000 X g; 1 h) pellet and supernatant fractions, whereas the 21.5-kDa component was located primarily in the high speed pellet. Photolabeling of both components was maximal after 12-min UV light exposure, linear up to 120 micrograms of homogenate protein and only slightly affected by the nitrene scavenger p-aminobenzoic acid. The 54.3-kDa polypeptides of [3H]NABV-photolabeled calf brain high speed supernatant and detergent-solubilized high speed pellet fractions were identified as tubulin subunits by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies to alpha- or beta-tubulin subunits. Although the identity and function of the 21.5-kDa polypeptide is not known, this polypeptide may have a role in membrane-related effects of the Vinca alkaloids. These results demonstrate that [3H]NABV is an attractive tool for identifying and characterizing specific high affinity vinblastine cellular polypeptide acceptors which may initiate or mediate known and unknown mechanisms of Vinca alkaloid action.
Plasma Drug Efflux-A New Approach to Optimization of Drug Infusion for Constant Blood Concentration of Thiopental and Methohexital (1987)

Plasma Drug Efflux is a time-varying measure of the rate of loss of drug from the plasma during conditions of constant plasma concentration. Its practical use is to define the parameters required for a programmed infusion to maintain a desired plasma concentration. The method of deriving the Efflux function, which does not depend on conventional pharmacokinetic models, was developed and tested using thiopental and methohexital in a total of 51 unselected surgical patients free of hepatic or renal disease. Throughout a predetermined, known, but arbitrary computer-controlled drug infusion, the rate of which was modified according to patient lean body mass (LBM) and the desired concentration, blood samples were taken and the plasma assayed for either drug by an HPLC method. By dividing the known variable infusion rate at the time of each sampling by the arterial plasma concentration at each time, an estimate of the rate of loss of drug from the plasma at each point, the Plasma Drug Efflux, was obtained. An error correcting iterative process was used with successive groups of patients until the optimum infusion profile was achieved. Only three iteration steps were required to optimize the infusion profile for each drug. The optimized infusion profile for thiopental was 25.35e-.145t + 4.85e-.0148t + 8.8 ml X min-1 X kgLBM-1, and, for methohexital, 22.21e-.092t + 5.09e-.0121t + 15 ml X min-1 X kgLBM-1. It was concluded that the process of optimization under clinical conditions resulted in infusion profiles suitable for establishing and maintaining a designated arterial plasma concentration in adult surgical patients for periods up to 3 h.
A 10Gb/s data-dependent jitter equalizer (2004)

An equalization circuit is presented that reduces data-dependent jitter by aligning data transition deviations. This paper presents an analytic solution to data-dependent jitter and demonstrates its impact on the phase noise of the recovered clock. A data-dependent jitter equalizer is presented that compensates for impairment of the channel and lowers the phase noise of the recovered clock. The circuit is implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS process and operates at 10 Gb/s. It suppresses phase noise resulting from data-dependent jitter by 10 dB.
2,3-Disubstituted Thiophene-Based Organic Dyes for Solar Cells (2008)

New organic dyes that contain variable lengths of conjugation, featuring oligothiophene and arylamines at the 2- and 3-position, have been synthesized. These compounds are characterized by photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical computational methods. Nanocrystalline TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using these molecules as light-harvesting sensitizers. The overall efficiencies of the sensitized cells range from 4.11 to 6.15%, compared to a cis-di(thiocyanato)-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)-4,4′-dicarboxylate ruthenium(II)-sensitized device (7.86%) fabricated and measured under similar conditions. The devices made from these compounds have higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) compared to oligothiophene congeners with arylamines at the 2-position only. The hydrophobic segment at the 3-position appears to help retarding the charge transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the electrolyte, I3−. Supplementary studies of the transient photovoltage and electrochemical impedance are in support of retarded charge transfer of TiO2 (e−) with both oxidized sensitizer and I3−. Computation on a pair of compounds with and without arylamines at 3-position indicates that the former has larger charge transfer efficiency at the electronically excited state.
Gradient index polymer optics (2008)

The design, fabrication, and properties of one of a new class of gradient-index lenses are reported. The lens is an <i>f</i>/2.25 GRIN singlet based on a nanolayered polymer composite material, designed to correct for spherical aberration. The light gathering and focusing properties of the polymer lens are compared to a homogeneous BK7 glass singlet with a similar f-number. The modulation transfer function of the polymer GRIN lens exceeded that of the homogeneous glass lens at all spatial frequencies and was as much as 3 times better at 5 cyc/mm. The weight of the polymer lens was approximately an order of magnitude less than the homogeneous glass lens.
Microwave tomography techniques and algorithms: A review (2012)

Some of the techniques and algorithms that we have used to enhance the achievable quantitative accuracy and resolution from the three microwave tomography systems of the Electromagnetic Imaging Laboratory at the University of Manitoba are presented. These techniques and algorithms are discussed under two different categories: data collection & calibration techniques, and data processing algorithms.
Robust modified Active Shape Model for automatic facial landmark annotation of frontal faces (2009)

In this paper we present an improved method for locating facial landmarks in images containing frontal faces using a modified active shape model. Our main contributions include the use of an optimal number of facial landmark points, better profiling methods during the fitting stage and the development of a more suitable optimization metric to determine the best location of the landmarks compared to the simplistic minimum Mahalanobis distance criteria used to date. We build a subspace to model variations of appearance around each facial landmark and use this subspace to enhance the accuracy of the fitting process around each landmark. This enhancement provides a significant improvement in fitting and simultaneously determines which points were poorly fitted using reconstruction error, thus allowing for automatic correction or interpolation of any poorly fitted points. Our implementation, with the above mentioned improvements, leads to extremely accurate results even when dealing with faces with expressions, slight pose variations and in-plane rotations. Experiments conducted on test sets drawn from three databases (NIST Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge-2008 (MBGC-2008), CMU Multi-PIE and the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database) show that our proposed approach leads to far better performance compared to the classical active shape model of Cootes et al. and other traditional methods and provides a robust automatic facial landmark annotation which is the first critical step in face registration, pose correction and face recognition.
An Orienting Robot for Feeding Workpieces Stored in Bins (1981)

A robot system has been tested which can acquire a class of workpieces that are unoriented in bins and transport them, one at a time, to a destination with the proper orientation. This kind of robot has numerous applications in industries which manufacture discrete-part products in batches. A variety of approaches to the design of an orienting robot have been identified. For acquisition, gripper design and vision algorithms should be considered together. A vacuum gripper which adapts to surface angle and an algorithm which finds the center of smooth regions in the bin image have been shown to form an effective combination. Knowledge of the position and orientation of the workpieces near the top of the bin is not necessary for acquisition. Collisions with workpieces in the bin whose poses are not known can be avoided by having the gripper follow a line of sight approach path. To simplify the computation of workpiece orientation, it was found to be useful to employ a gripper which locked a workpiece in one of a finite number of states and which did not obscure the workpiece. For an orienting robot which is designed to service a variety of different workpieces, using an arm with six degrees of freedom greatly facilitates workpiece transportation.
Effects of administration of progenipoietin 1, Flt-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and pegylated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on dendritic cell subsets in mice (2002)

We studied the effects of administration of several cytokines, including progenipoietin-1 (ProGP-1), Flt-3 ligand (FL), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a pegylated form (pGM-CSF), on dendritic cell (DC) populations in mouse spleen. ProGP-1 produced the most striking increase in overall DC numbers, apparently more than its constituent FL and G-CSF components. However, the expansion in DC numbers was strongly subpopulation selective, with ProGP-1 and FL producing selective expansion of CD8+ DCs, whereas pGM-CSF produced selective expansion of CD8- DCs. Surprising differences were observed between the effects of murine and human recombinant FL preparations on murine DCs. Many of the biologic functions of the DC subpopulations expanded by cytokines remained intact, including the capacity of the ProGP-1- and FL-expanded CD8+ DCs to produce the T-helper-1-biasing cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12). However, the expanded DCs from all but G-CSF-treated mice were deficient in the ability to make interferon gamma, and the CD8+ DCs produced with pGM-CSF treatment had an abrogated capacity to form bioactive IL-12. Such selective expansion of DC populations and alterations in their cytokine-secretion capacity have implications for clinical use of the studied cytokines in immune modulation.
Production of Infectious Chimeric Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2b Harboring Minimal Regions of JFH-1 (2011)

To establish a cell culture system for chimeric hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2b, we prepared a chimeric construct harboring the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to the E2 region of the MA strain (genotype 2b) and the region of p7 to the 3' UTR of the JFH-1 strain (genotype 2a). This chimeric RNA (MA/JFH-1.1) replicated and produced infectious virus in Huh7.5.1 cells. Replacement of the 5' UTR of this chimera with that from JFH-1 (MA/JFH-1.2) enhanced virus production, but infectivity remained low. In a long-term follow-up study, we identified a cell culture-adaptive mutation in the core region (R167G) and found that it enhanced virus assembly. We previously reported that the NS3 helicase (N3H) and the region of NS5B to 3' X (N5BX) of JFH-1 enabled replication of the J6CF strain (genotype 2a), which could not replicate in cells. To reduce JFH-1 content in MA/JFH-1.2, we produced a chimeric viral genome for MA harboring the N3H and N5BX regions of JFH-1, combined with a JFH-1 5' UTR replacement and the R167G mutation (MA/N3H+N5BX-JFH1/R167G). This chimeric RNA replicated efficiently, but virus production was low. After the introduction of four additional cell culture-adaptive mutations, MA/N3H+N5BX-JFH1/5am produced infectious virus efficiently. Using this chimeric virus harboring minimal regions of JFH-1, we analyzed interferon sensitivity and found that this chimeric virus was more sensitive to interferon than JFH-1 and another chimeric virus containing more regions from JFH-1 (MA/JFH-1.2/R167G). In conclusion, we established an HCV genotype 2b cell culture system using a chimeric genome harboring minimal regions of JFH-1. This cell culture system may be useful for characterizing genotype 2b viruses and developing antiviral strategies.
Low-temperature thermal graft copolymerization of 1-vinyl imidazole on polyimide films with simultaneous lamination to copper foils (1998)

A simple technique of thermal graft copolymerization of 1-vinyl imidazole (VIDZ) on pristine and argon plasma-pretreated polyimide (PI or Kapton HN®) films with simultaneous lamination to copper foils was demonstrated. The simultaneous thermal grafting and lamination process was carried out in the temperature range of 80-160°C under atmospheric conditions and in the complete absence of a polymerization initiator. The adhesion strength was found to be strongly dependent on the rate of cooling after the thermal grafting and lamination, with the adhesion substantially improved by annealing. An ultimate T-peel strength greater than 14 N/cm and a lap shear adhesion strength approaching 2000 N/cm2 were achieved for the polyimide-copper interface for grafting and lamination carried out at 120°C before cohesive failure occurred in the polyimide film. The T-peel and lap shear adhesion strengths are reported as a function of the cooling rate after thermal grafting and lamination, the argon plasma pretreatment time of the polyimide films, the thermal lamination temperature, and the thermal lamination time. The effect of moisture on the lamination strength was also investigated. The surface compositions of the polyimide films and copper foils after delamination were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thickness of the graft interfacial layer was of the order of 200 nm, as derived from the cross-sectional view of the scanning electron micrograph.
Friction Plug Welding of 2195 Al-Cu-Li for Manned Space Launch Vehicles (1998)

Synthetic peptide-based diagnosis of Chikungunya can be an efficient and more accessible approach in immunodiagnostics. Here, we describe the identification of Chikungunya-specific 40 kD protein for development of synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Chikungunya virus-specific antibodies in the patient's sample. The total sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profile of the patient's sample can be done to identify specific protein bands. The identified proteins can be subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for characterization. After characterization, immunogenic peptides can be designed using softwares and subsequently synthesized chemically. The peptides can be used to develop more specific, sensitive, and simpler diagnostic assay.
Gliadin-coated gold nanoparticles for rapid colorimetric test for celiac disease (2020)

We developed a genuinely non-invasive option for accurate, cost-effective, and ready for clinical translation test for celiac disease.
Optical Path Restoration for Up to Two Failures Using Preconfigured Cycles (2010)

We describe a method for designing path protection for single- and multiple-wavelength optical demands surviving up to two failures. Preconfigured cycles cost-effectively provide immediate restoration without intermediate switching or wavelength conversion.
Measurement, identification and calculation of cyber defense metrics (2010)

This paper presents performance metrics to be used for evaluation of cyber dynamic defense solutions. Currently, there are no standard, industry-defined metrics or benchmarks for evaluating cyber security architectures and systems for dynamic defense. These systems have relied instead on a layered, “defense in depth” approach, where the only measurement made is the number of defenses. In order to characterize the performance of cyber defense solutions, a variety of metrics need to be defined and captured based on observable effects on both cyber attacks and defenses. By establishing these metrics, the benefit each individual layer provides to an overall defensive solution can be determined, allowing system designers to select the most effective suite of defensive techniques. The metrics presented were formulated using a discrete event simulation of dynamic defense solutions. The focus of this simulation was to assess the increased cost to cyber attackers, where cost is based in time. Metrics are captured from the perspective of the defender, as well as that of the attacker. Collection of data supporting computation of the metrics will be shown in a discrete event simulation environment, as well as recommendations for network locations and equipment that can be used to collect these metrics in a notional network architecture.
<title>Ink duty reduction for cluster dot halftoning</title> (1997)

One of the major problems encountered in the color halftoning on ink-jet printers is the problem of ink duty. Most commercial ink-jet printers will produce ink droplets that exceed the physical area of a single. While limiting the continuous tone ink is a valid solution for the dispersed or blue noise dithering, that method fails on cluster dot dither. Our method deals with the Ink Duty problem in the cluster dot case by 'punching out' holes in the halftoning pattern without altering its aspect and in a time efficient manner. Given a printer, we first determine the ink duty constants. Then a dither matrix will be used to remove enough dots locally in order to satisfy the (alpha) , (Beta) , (gamma) constraints.
When Not to Classify: Anomaly Detection of Attacks (ADA) on DNN\n Classifiers at Test Time (2017)

A significant threat to the recent, wide deployment of machine learning-based\nsystems, including deep neural networks (DNNs), is adversarial learning\nattacks. We analyze possible test-time evasion-attack mechanisms and show that,\nin some important cases, when the image has been attacked, correctly\nclassifying it has no utility: i) when the image to be attacked is (even\narbitrarily) selected from the attacker's cache; ii) when the sole recipient of\nthe classifier's decision is the attacker. Moreover, in some application\ndomains and scenarios it is highly actionable to detect the attack irrespective\nof correctly classifying in the face of it (with classification still performed\nif no attack is detected). We hypothesize that, even if human-imperceptible,\nadversarial perturbations are machine-detectable. We propose a purely\nunsupervised anomaly detector (AD) that, unlike previous works: i) models the\njoint density of a deep layer using highly suitable null hypothesis density\nmodels (matched in particular to the non- negative support for RELU layers);\nii) exploits multiple DNN layers; iii) leverages a "source" and "destination"\nclass concept, source class uncertainty, the class confusion matrix, and DNN\nweight information in constructing a novel decision statistic grounded in the\nKullback-Leibler divergence. Tested on MNIST and CIFAR-10 image databases under\nthree prominent attack strategies, our approach outperforms previous detection\nmethods, achieving strong ROC AUC detection accuracy on two attacks and better\naccuracy than recently reported for a variety of methods on the strongest (CW)\nattack. We also evaluate a fully white box attack on our system. Finally, we\nevaluate other important performance measures, such as classification accuracy,\nversus detection rate and attack strength.\n
Adaptive radiation force ultrasound for monitoring hemostasis in whole blood (2009)

Over-activation or under-regulation of hemostasis plays a central role in the onset of diseases that represent leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Current diagnostic technologies have had limited success in characterizing hemostasis due to several limitations including reagent variability, complicated sample preparation, and a disregard for contributions of cellular components of the blood. In this paper, we describe a novel technique, termed sonorheometry, which uses acoustic radiation force to monitor the dynamic changes in mechanical properties of whole blood during clot formation and dissolution in vitro. An adaptive force technique was used to adjust the pulse repetition frequency during each experiment, which improved the dynamic range of stiffness measurements to approximately five orders of magnitude. Experiments were performed to test the sensitivity of sonorheometry to platelet function, fibrinogen function, and fibrinolytic activity by titrating samples of whole blood with platelet inhibitor, Reopro (0-12 ¿g/mL); fibrinogen inhibitor, Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) peptide (0-8 mM); and plasminogen activator, Urokinase (0-200 Units). When 12 ¿g/mL of Reopro was added to samples of whole blood, clot stiffness, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> decreased by over an order of magnitude. Similarly, clotting times (TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) were increased and clotting stiffness decreased with additional GPRP. Clot lysis times (TL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and TL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) decreased with additional Urokinase. These results indicate that sonorheometry is sensitive to all phases of hemostasis.
An Enriched Shell Element for Delamination Simulation in Composite Laminates (2015)

A formulation is presented for an enriched shell finite element capable of delamination simulation in composite laminates. The element uses an adaptive splitting approach for damage characterization that allows for straightforward low-fidelity model creation and a numerically efficient solution. The Floating Node Method is used in conjunction with the Virtual Crack Closure Technique to predict delamination growth and represent it discretely at an arbitrary ply interface. The enriched element is verified for Mode I delamination simulation using numerical benchmark data. After determining important mesh configuration guidelines for the vicinity of the delamination front in the model, a good correlation was found between the enriched shell element model results and the benchmark data set.