gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a typical flight patterns (2005)

Method and system for analyzing aircraft data, including multiple selected flight parameters for a selected phase of a selected flight, and for determining when the selected phase of the selected flight is atypical, when compared with corresponding data for the same phase for other similar flights. A flight signature is computed using continuous- valued and discrete-valued flight parameters for the selected flight parameters and is optionally compared with a statistical distribution of other observed flight signatures, yielding a typicality scores for the same phase for other similar flights. A cluster analysis is optionally applied to the flight signatures to define an optimal collection of clusters. A level of atypicality for a selected flight is estimated, based upon an index associated with the cluster analysis.
Compression Aware Physical Database Design (2011)

Modern RDBMSs support the ability to compress data using methods such as null suppression and dictionary encoding. Data compression offers the promise of significantly reducing storage requirements and improving I/O performance for decision support queries. However, compression can also slow down update and query performance due to the CPU costs of compression and decompression. In this paper, we study how data compression affects choice of appropriate physical database design, such as indexes, for a given workload. We observe that approaches that decouple the decision of whether or not to choose an index from whether or not to compress the index can result in poor solutions. Thus, we focus on the novel problem of integrating compression into physical database design in a scalable manner. We have implemented our techniques by modifying Microsoft SQL Server and the Database Engine Tuning Advisor (DTA) physical design tool. Our techniques are general and are potentially applicable to DBMSs that support other compression methods. Our experimental results on real world as well as TPC-H benchmark workloads demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques.
Integrated Restoration for Next-Generation IP-over-Optical Networks (2009)

We proposed an integrated restoration method for next generation IP-over-Optical networks and conducted cost analysis demonstrating significant cost saving using the method compared to optimized IP-only restoration.
Design of Multiplierless FIR Digital Filters With Two to the N th Power Coefficients (1987)

A new method of multiplierless finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter design by using two to the N th power coefficients is presented. This method is based on the cascading, "local correlation" and "windowing". The basic structure of these FIR filters is discussed, and several results of such filter design are presented in this paper.
Engineered microbial biofuel production and recovery under supercritical carbon dioxide (2019)

Culture contamination, end-product toxicity, and energy efficient product recovery are long-standing bioprocess challenges. To solve these problems, we propose a high-pressure fermentation strategy, coupled with in situ extraction using the abundant and renewable solvent supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>), which is also known for its broad microbial lethality. Towards this goal, we report the domestication and engineering of a scCO<sub>2</sub>-tolerant strain of Bacillus megaterium, previously isolated from formation waters from the McElmo Dome CO<sub>2</sub> field, to produce branched alcohols that have potential use as biofuels. After establishing induced-expression under scCO<sub>2</sub>, isobutanol production from 2-ketoisovalerate is observed with greater than 40% yield with co-produced isopentanol. Finally, we present a process model to compare the energy required for our process to other in situ extraction methods, such as gas stripping, finding scCO<sub>2</sub> extraction to be potentially competitive, if not superior.
Adaptive compensation of piezoelectric sensoriactuators (1994)

An adaptive filter is used to estimate the feedthrough capacitance of a piezoelectric sensoriactuator in this work. The mechanical response of the piezostructure is resolved from the electrical response of the piezoelectric device through standard adaptive signal processing techniques. Two common adaptive algorithms are reviewed for the given application: the LMS and the RLS. For spectrally white inputs the adaptation of the digital compensator yields a filter output which is proportional to the electrical response of the piezoelectric device. Thus the remaining electrical signal consists of the charge due to the mechanical response of the piezostructure. An additional adaptive filter must be employed if a harmonic input is present since the harmonic input yields a bias term on the adaptive filter equal to the real part of the piezostructure response. Preliminary results from the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations indicate that adaptive signal processing can be employed to realize an adaptive, sensoriactuator for simultaneous strain actuation and sensing.
All-fiber acousto-optic tunable notch filter with electronically controllable spectral profile (1997)

We demonstrate a novel all-fiber acousto-optic tunable notch filter based on coupling to cladding modes in a single-mode fiber. The device has the advantage of low loss (<0.1 dB) and low polarization dependence. By coupling input light to multiple cladding modes by use of multiple acoustic waves, we achieved an electronically controllable variable spectral profile without a significant coherent cross-talk problem.
Fragility of iron-based glasses (2011)

The viscosity of various iron-based bulk-glass-forming liquids is measured around the glass transition, and the associated fragility is calculated. Fragility is found to vary broadly between compositions, from a low value of ∼43, which indicates fairly “strong” liquid behavior, to ∼65, well within the region of “fragile” behavior. Despite a strong covalent bonding identified in the structure of this class of metal/metalloid glasses, their liquid fragility can be remarkably high, exceeding even the very fragile palladium and platinum bulk-glass formers. An inverse correlation between glass-forming ability and fragility is identified, suggesting that iron-based glasses are effectively “kinetically” stabilized.
Multijunction Solar Cells With Graded Buffer Bragg Reflectors (2018)

Metamorphic solar cells can have optimal bandgap combinations through the use of compositionally graded buffers, where the lattice constant is slowly varied over several microns of growth. Bragg reflectors consist of several microns of alternating layers with refractive index contrast and provide a useful internal reflection to multijunction solar cells with optically thin subcells. In this work, we implement distributed Bragg reflectors within the compositionally graded buffers of inverted metamorphic solar cells to add functionality to the buffer. The reflectance of this AlGaInAs “graded buffer Bragg reflector” is very similar to the reflectance of a similar AlGaAs Bragg reflector external to a buffer as well as the reflectance predicted by the transfer matrix model, indicating that the roughness of the buffer does not drastically reduce the reflection. Reflectance of 72%, 91%, and 98% is achieved in 2, 4, and 8 μm buffers using AlGaInAs layers that alternate between 30% and 70% aluminum content. Using a 2 μm graded buffer Bragg reflector, the 1.0-eV mismatched subcell of a GaAs/GaInAs tandem has a minor increase in threading dislocation density compared to a standard graded buffer and a small, 20 mV, loss in voltage. As the buffer is thickened, the voltage loss is recuperated and excellent subcell voltages are achieved, indicating that the Bragg reflector is not severely hindering dislocation glide. We demonstrate that the benefits of the graded buffer Bragg reflector for optically thin subcells and subcells containing quantum wells, and conclude that Bragg reflectors can effectively be implemented within graded buffers, adding functionality without adding cost.
Sound capture system and spatial filter for small devices (2008)

Usage of cellular phones and small form factor devices as PDAs and other handhelds has been increasing rapidly. Their use is varied, with scenarios such as communication, internet browsing, audio and video recording just to name a few. This requires better sound capturing system as the sound source is already at larger distance from the device’s microphone. In this paper we propose sound capture system for small devices which uses two unidirectional microphones placed back-toback close to each other. The processing part consists of beamformer and a non-linear spatial filter. The speech enhancement processing achieves an improvement of 0.39 MOS points in the perceptual sound quality and 10.8 dB improvement in SNR.
PAR, a novel androgen regulated gene, ubiquitously expressed in normal and malignant cells. (2000)

During our work on the mechanism of hormone resistance of prostatic carcinomas, a novel gene that we called PAR (prostate androgen regulated) was isolated from an androgen resistant subline (LNCaP-OM) using a modified representational difference analysis. The complete sequence of the gene cDNA has 1029 nucleotides with a continuous reading frame of 438 bases encoding for 146 amino acids. Its deduced amino acid sequence has motifs for myristoylation and phosphorylation by protein kinase C. The PAR gene was overexpressed in all prostatic carcinoma cell lines studied (LNCaP, DU145, PC3 and LNCaP-OM) compared to the normal prostatic tissue. Furthermore, its expression was higher in androgen resistant prostate cancer lines DU145, PC3 and LNCaP-OM, in comparison to androgen sensitive LNCaP cells. The expression of this gene was down regulated by androgens in androgen sensitive prostate cells, but not in the hormone resistant cell lines. The PAR mRNA was detected in all 29 normal human tissues studied and overexpressed in most (67%) of their malignant counterparts. The PAR expression was higher in MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines, as well as in all primary breast tumors studied compared to their normal tissue counterparts. The biological function of this gene is still unknown, but its ubiquitous expression in normal tissues and its overexpression in some malignancies suggest the PAR involvement in certain basic cellular processes and possibly, in malignant transformation.
SIRT3 Regulates Mitochondrial Protein Acetylation and Intermediary Metabolism (2011)

The sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate cell survival, metabolism, and longevity. Humans have seven sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) with distinct subcellular locations and functions. SIRT3 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix and its expression is selectively activated during fasting and calorie restriction. Activated SIRT3 deacetylates several key metabolic enzymes-acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase (LCAD), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase 2-and enhances their enzymatic activity. Disruption of SIRT3 activity in mice, either by genetic ablation or during high-fat feeding, is associated with accelerated development of metabolic abnormalities similar to the metabolic syndrome in humans. SIRT3 is therefore emerging as a metabolic sensor that responds to change in the energy status of the cell and modulates the activity of key metabolic enzymes via protein deacetylation.
Scan test of die logic in 3D ICs using TSV probing (2012)

Pre-bond testing of TSVs and die logic is a significant challenge and a potential roadblock for 3D integration. BIST solutions introduce considerable die area overhead. Oversized probe pads on TSVs to provide pre-bond test access limit both test bandwidth and TSV density. This paper presents a solution to these problems, allowing a probe card to contact TSVs without the need for probe pads, enabling both TSV and pre-bond scan test. Two possible pre-bond scan test configurations are shown - they provide varying degrees of test parallelism. HSPICE simulations are performed on a logic-on-logic 3D benchmark. Results show that the ratio of the number of probe needles available for test access to the number of pre-bond scan chains determines which pre-bond scan configuration results in the shortest test time. Maximum pre-bond scan-in and scan-out shift-clock speeds are determined for dies in a benchmark 3D design. These clock speeds show that pre-bond scan test can be performed quickly, at a speed that is comparable to scan testing of packaged dies. The maximum clock speed can also be tuned by changing the drive strength of the probe and on-die drivers of the TSV network. Estimates are also provided for peak and average power consumption during pre-bond scan test. On-die area overhead for the proposed method is estimated to be between 1.0% and 2.2% for three dies in the 3D stack.
Two Are Better than One: A Design Principle for Ultralong Persistent Luminescence of Pure Organics (2019)

Because of their innate ability to store and then release energy, long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have garnered strong research interest in a wide range of multidisciplinary fields, such as biomedical sciences, theranostics, and photonic devices. Although many inorganic LPL systems with afterglow durations of up to hours and days have been reported, organic systems have had difficulties reaching similar timescales. We propose in this work a design principle based on the successes of inorganic systems to produce an organic LPL (OLPL) system through the use of a strong organic electron trap. The resulting system generated detectable afterglow for up to 7 hours, significantly longer than any other reported OLPL system. The design strategy demonstrates an easy methodology to develop organic long persistent phosphors, opening the door to new OLPL materials.
Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function (2009)

Fluorescence imaging with resolution ten times better than the diffraction limit in three dimensions over a depth of field of 2 μm is demonstrated with a widefield microscope that exhibits a double helix point spread function.
Circuit/architecture for low-power high-performance 32-bit adder (2002)

A novel 32-bit adder has been designed using a Conditional Sum Adder (CSA) architecture and CPL-like logic implementation. The new implementation outperforms several architectures such as CLA, CS and Manchester which use the CMOS circuit styles (CPL, DPL, TG, static-conventional) in terms of power and speed. This is verified for a range of power supply voltage from 3.3 V down to 1 V. The comparison is carried out for two designs, minimum size and optimized speed.
Electrolyte roadblocks to a magnesium rechargeable battery (2012)

Low cost, non-dendritic magnesium metal is an ideal anode for a post lithium ion battery. Currently, development of magnesium electrolytes governs the rate of progress in this field, because electrolyte properties determine the class of cathodes utilized. A review of the latest progress in the area of magnesium battery electrolyte and a perspective on mitigating present challenges is presented herein. Firstly, density functional theory has been shown to predict the potential window of magnesium electrolytes on inert electrodes. Secondly, we report initial efforts aimed to overcome the corrosive property of these magnesium organohaloaluminates towards less noble metals such as stainless steel. This is a major challenge in developing high voltage magnesium electrolytes essential for batteries which operate above 3V. We lastly touch on cathode candidates including the insertion and conversion classes. One conversion cathode we pay particular attention to is electrophilic sulfur which can be married with magnesium metal anodes by utilizing non-nucleophilic electrolytes obtained by simple crystallization of in situ generated magnesium organohaloaluminates. Effectively, non-nucleophilic electrolytes open the door to research on magnesium/sulfur batteries.
Photosensitive Precursors to Nitric Oxide (2005)

The photochemistry and use of recently developed photosensitive precursors to nitric oxide (NO) are reviewed. As "caged NO" donors these precursors are able to deliver NO in a spatially and temporally controllable manner. These properties have made such precursors useful in applications in biology and medicine, especially in elucidating neurophysiological roles of NO and in new cancer therapies.
A new chrysanthemum potyvirus: molecular evidence (2008)

Abstract A number of viruses are known to infect chrysanthemum plants, however in the present study a previously unknown potyvirus was detected using techniques such as ELISA, RT-PCR and hybridization. The ELISA-positive samples were amplified using a potyvirus group-specific primer which gave an amplification of ∼850 bp. The amplified product was cloned and sequenced, and shows 72 – 73% homology with known potyviruses that infect chrysanthemums such as Potato virus Y potyvirus, Soyabean mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic potyvirus when compared to the sequence available in the database. However, present potyvirus isolates show 93% homology with Chilli veinal mottle virus and Pepper vein banding virus. The results were further confirmed by Northern hybridization. This is the first report of a potyvirus similar to Chilli veinal mottle virus, and Pepper vein banding virus infecting chrysanthemums.
The VLSI design of a single chip Reed-Solomon encoder (1982)

A design for a single chip implementation of a Reed-Solomon encoder is presented. The architecture that leads to this single VLSI chip design makes use of a bit serial finite field multiplication algorithm.
Total precision inspection of machine tools with virtual metrology (2015)

The technology of virtual metrology (VM) has been applied in the semiconductor industry to convert sampling inspection with metrology delay into real time and online total inspection. The purpose of this study is trying to apply VM for inspecting machining precision of machine tools. However, machining processes will cause severe vibrations that make process data collection, data cleaning, and feature extraction difficult to handle. Thus, the tasks of how to accurately segment essential parts of the raw process data from the original numerical-control file, how to effectively handle raw process/sensor data with low signal-to-noise ratios, and how to properly extract significant features from the segmented and clean raw process data are challenging issues for successfully applying VM to machine tools. These issues are judiciously addressed and successfully resolved in this paper. Testing results of machining standard workpieces and cellphone shells of two three-axis CNC machines show that the proposed approach of applying VM to accomplish total precision inspection of machine tools is promising.
Liquid‐Based Exfoliation of Black Phosphorus into Phosphorene and Its Application for Energy Storage Devices (2021)

Black phosphorus (BP) as a rising star among 2D materials has attracted attention for a wide range of applications due to its fascinating properties. The key point for the real application of phosphorene depends on its exfoliation technique to produce high‐quality nanosheets. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made in the preparation and energy storage application of phosphorene and phosphorene‐based hybrid electrodes. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art liquid‐based exfoliation and characterization of phosphorene fabricated by sonication, anodic and cathodic electrochemical exfoliation, and bipolar electrochemical exfoliation in diverse solutions and conditions are discussed. In addition, the electrochemical properties and storage mechanism of phosphorene‐based electrodes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of phosphorene nanosheets in terms of exfoliation and energy storage applications are addressed.
Low reflectance optical interference electroluminescent device (1991)

Thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) devices usually consist of the following electrooptical layers: a transparent electrode, a front dielectric, a phosphor, a rear dielectric, and an opaque aluminum counter-electrode. The interfaces between these layers can reflect significant amounts of light, especially at the dielectric/aluminum interface. In certain conditions the reflected ambient light may be comparable to that emitted by the phosphor, resulting in poor readability of the device. Different methods have been previously suggested to reduce the reflectance of ambient light and hence to increase the contrast. In this work the TFEL device is considered from the viewpoint of optical thin film interference. After the introduction of additional layers, the optical constants and thicknesses of all the layers in the device are optimized to reduce the reflectance. A 4-cm by 6.5-cm panel with 40 by 64 lines has been built at the NRCC and tested at Luxel for proof-of-concept.
Noise subtraction in antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media (2005)

We have investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, the media noise of antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) recording media. In particular, we have studied how the lower-layer magnetic properties affect the media noise of the composite system. We find that AFC media perform well even for intrinsically noisy lower layers, such as soft-magnetic Co or CoCr layers with high intergranular exchange coupling. To understand the experimentally observed behavior, we propose a new concept of noise subtraction in AFC magnetic systems, in which the noise of the lower layer is anticorrelated to and subtracts from the noise in the upper layers and acts as a low-pass magnetic filter of the magnetization state in the upper layer.
Designing liquid crystal alignment surfaces (2008)

We have previously shown that tilted micron-scale posts can be used to generate uniform liquid crystal alignment. By considering the geometry and symmetry of individual surface features in more detail, we have been able to demonstrate finer control of alignment, eliminate the need for tilted structures, and show multidomain alignment.
The effect of different cross-correlation methods on the dual apodization with cross-correlation algorithm (2008)

We have recently presented a new method to suppress side lobes and clutter in ultrasound imaging called dual apodization with cross-correlation or DAX. This method uses two apodization functions in receive mode which yield point spread functions with very similar main lobes but different side lobes and clutter. These similarities and differences are quantified by using normalized cross-correlation of the radio frequency (RF) data in the axial direction. These cross-correlation coefficients serve as a pixel-by-pixel weighting or filter to pass main lobe dominated signals and suppress clutter dominated signals. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different cross-correlation methods and cross-correlation segment size on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) using the DAX algorithm. When using 1-D axial cross-correlation, an axial segment size of 1.73 mm gave us the highest CNR with 125% improvement. Using 1-D lateral cross-correlation showed a 91% improvement in CNR with a segment size of 1.05 mm. 2-D cross-correlation showed a 145% improvement with segment size of 1.2 mm axially by 0.45 mm laterally. A simulation using a cylindrical 1.5 mm diameter anechoic cyst located at 30 mm depth embedded in a 3-D phantom of scatterers gave us a CNR improvement of 52% with 2-D cross-correlation. Lastly, using an excised sheep heart, DAX was able to improve CNR by at least 77%.
ChemInform Abstract: New Indium‐based Fluoride Glasses. (1988)

Abstract Three‐component fluoride glasses are obtained by fast quenching in the systems InF 3 ‐BaF2 associated with YbF 3 , ThF 4 , or ZnF 2 .