gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Development (2010)

Abstract Theory and research in lifespan psychology rest on the key assumption that human development occurs from conception to death and involves lifelong adaptive processes (Baltes, Lindenberger, & Staudinger, 2006). Thus, human development is the result of biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences that mutually affect each other and shape how individuals develop over the lifespan (Baltes et al., 2006; Li, 2003). With regard to individual development (ontogenesis), lifespan psychologists focus on (1) how single individuals change over time (intraindividual change); (2) differences between individuals during different developmental periods (interindividual differences); (3) differences in individuals' patterns of change over time (interindividual differences in intraindividual change); and (4) how between‐person variability in within‐person change is brought about as a consequence of biocultural coconstruction (Li, 2003). Moreover, lifespan psychologists agree on a set of core assumptions from which they study human development. These assumptions state that human development is a process that involves continuity and discontinuity, multidirectionality, gains and losses, plasticity, and contextual embeddedness (Baltes et al., 2006).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED REDUCTION OF ENOL TRIFLATES TO ALKENES (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Triflat (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit Ameisensäure, Tributylamin und dem Pd‐Komplex (II) das Reduktionsprodukt (III) in hoher Ausbeute.
Abstract 4994: SEA-CD40: from bench to bedside (2016)

Abstract SEA-CD40 is a non-fucosylated, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against human CD40, a co-stimulatory receptor of the TNF receptor superfamily. The consequence of enhanced SEA-CD40/FcγRIIIa binding is potent immune stimulatory activity. CD40 receptor ligation induces multiple pathways; to pave the road for identification of a specific activity signature in the clinical setting, in vitro preclinical assays were developed to monitor the immune modulatory activity of SEA-CD40. Human PBMCs stimulated with increasing concentrations of SEA-CD40 were assessed for immune changes including cytokine production, cellular activation, and modulation of cellular subsets. SEA-CD40 PBMC stimulation elicited a unique set of cytokines including MIP-1β, MCP-1, and IL-8. In addition to inducing cytokines, specific immune cell changes were also observed including up-regulation of stimulatory molecules on monocyte/ macrophages, activation of NK cells, and changes in cellular subsets such as deletion of B-cells. While some of these changes were common across the other CD40 therapeutic antibodies being tested in the clinic, SEA-CD40-specific changes were identified. These changes included a reduction in the immune dampening cytokine IL-10, induction of Th1 CXCR3 positive cells, and reduction of T-regulatory cells, all potentially contributing to an antitumor immune response. The specific in vitro SEA-CD40 signature was also observed in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys. SEA-CD40 treatment induced the same signature cytokines observed in vitro and elicited the same cellular changes including depletion of B-cells, and activation of CD8+ T-cells. A CD40 receptor occupancy assay was also created to correlate receptor engagement with activity. Interestingly, while SEA-CD40 is rapidly cleared from plasma, it is detectable on the surface of antigen-presenting cells for up to 3 weeks. The initial starting dose for SEA-CD40 clinical trials was calculated using the minimal anticipated biological effect level (MABEL). SEA-CD40 cytokine induction was the most sensitive preclinical marker of biologic activity and was, therefore, used for MABEL dose calculation. In the ongoing phase 1 First-In-Human clinical trial, this preclinical SEA-CD40 activity signature is being monitored in adult patients with advanced solid tumors (study NCT02376699). Establishing a clear immune biomarker strategy from pre-clinical research to clinical trials is vital for tracking the activity of our immuno-oncology drugs in patients and for identifying a safe and efficacious regimen. Citation Format: Shyra J. Gardai, Haley Neff-LaFord, Angela Epp, Jing Yang, Thomas Manley, Che-Leung Law. SEA-CD40: from bench to bedside. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4994.
Evaluation of the postoperative stomach and duodenum. (1994)

Patients who undergo a gastric or duodenal operation present challenging problems to the physician. Currently, gastric or duodenal operations are performed to correct peptic ulcer disease and its complications, resect benign or malignant masses, and control obesity. Indications for surgery in patients with peptic ulcer disease include hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction, ulcer intractability, and the inability to exclude malignancy in a gastric ulcer. Neoplasms of the stomach and duodenum require resection, depending on their benign or malignant nature, their location, the extent of disease, and the underlying physiologic status of the patient. Most clinically significant gastroduodenal masses are malignant and require formal anatomic resection, usually with distal or total gastrectomy. Stapling procedures have been shown to be effective in reducing excess body weight with creation of a small gastric pouch to restrict the outlet and cause early satiety, decreased caloric intake, and weight loss. Reliable radiologic findings depend on a thorough understanding of the complex anatomic and physiologic alterations that occur after surgery and familiarity with appropriate techniques of examination. With this background, complications unique to the surgical procedure as well as general complications found in all postoperative patients with be detected quickly and accurately.
An integrated error correction and detection system for digital audio broadcasting (2000)

Hybrid in-band on-channel digital audio broadcasting systems deliver digital audio signals in such a way that is backward compatible with existing analog FM transmission. We present a channel error correction and detection system that is well-suited for use with audio source coders, such as the so-called perceptual audio coder (PAC), that have error concealment/mitigation capabilities. Such error mitigation is quite beneficial for high quality audio signals. The proposed system involves an outer cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code that is concatenated with an inner convolutional code. The outer CRC code is used for error detection, providing flags to trigger the error mitigation routines of the audio decoder. The inner convolutional code consists of so-called complementary punctured-pair convolutional codes, which are specifically tailored to combat the unique adjacent channel interference characteristics of the FM band. We introduce a novel decoding method based on the so-called list Viterbi algorithm (LVA). This LVA-based decoding method, which may be viewed as a type of joint or integrated error correction and detection, exploits the concatenated structure of the channel code to provide enhanced decoding performance relative to decoding methods based on the conventional Viterbi algorithm (VA). We also present results of informal listening tests and other simulations on the Gaussian channel. These results include the preferred length of the outer CRC code for 96-kb/s audio coding and demonstrate that LVA-based decoding can significantly reduce the error flag rate relative to conventional VA-based decoding, resulting in dramatically improved decoded audio quality. Finally, we propose a number of methods for screening undetected errors in the audio domain.
Steps Towards Autonomous Network Security: Unsupervised Detection of Network Attacks (2011)

The unsupervised detection of network attacks represents an extremely challenging goal. Current methods rely on either very specialized signatures of previously seen attacks, or on expensive and difficult to produce labeled traffic data-sets for profiling and training. In this paper we present a completely unsupervised approach to detect attacks, without relying on signatures, labeled traffic, or training. The method uses robust clustering techniques to detect anomalous traffic flows, sequentially captured in a temporal sliding-window basis. The structure of the anomaly identified by the clustering algorithms is used to automatically construct specific filtering rules that characterize its nature, providing easy-to-interpret information to the network operator. In addition, these rules are combined to create an anomaly signature, which can be directly exported towards standard security devices like IDSs, IPSs, and/or Firewalls. The clustering algorithms are highly adapted for parallel computation, which permits to perform the unsupervised detection and construction of signatures in an on-line basis. We evaluate the performance of this new approach to discover and to build signatures for different network attacks without any previous knowledge, using real traffic traces. Results show that knowledge-independent detection and characterization of network attacks is possible, opening the door to a whole new generation of autonomous security algorithms.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, genetic homogeneity, and mapping of the locus within a 2-cM interval. (1996)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a recently identified autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy characterized by the recurrence of subcortical infarcts leading to dementia. A genetic linkage analysis conducted in two large families recently allowed us to map the affected gene on chromosome 19 in a 12-cM interval bracketed by D19S221 and D19S215. In the present study, these first 2 families and 13 additional ones, including a total of 199 potentially informative meiosis, have been genotyped with eight polymorphic markers located between D19S221 and D19S215. All families were linked to chromosome 19. The highest combined lod score (Zmax = 37.24 at theta = .01) was obtained with marker D19S841, a new CAn microsatellite marker that we isolated from chromosome 19 cosmids. The recombinant events observed within these families were used to refine the genetic mapping of CADASIL within a 2-cM interval that is now bracketed by D19S226 and D19S199 on 19p13.1. These data strongly suggest the genetic homogeneity of this recently identified condition and establish the value of its clinical and neuroimaging diagnostic criteria. Besides their importance for the ongoing positional cloning of the CADASIL gene, these data help to refine the genetic mapping of CADASIL relative to familial hemiplegic migraine and hereditary paroxysmal cerebellar ataxia, conditions that we both mapped within the same chromosome 19 region.
Parallel and pipelined front-end for multi-element silicon detectors in scanning electron microscopy (1992)

A silicon quadrant detector (128 elements) was implemented as an electron detector in a scanning transmission electron microscope. As the electron beam scans over the sample, electrons are counted during each pixel. An ASIC was developed for the multichannel counting system. The digital front-end carries out the readout of all elements, in four groups, and uses these data to computer linear combinations to generate up to eight simultaneous images. For the preprocessing a parallel and pipelined system was implemented. Dedicated software tools were developed to generate the programs for all the processors. These tools are transparently accessed by the user via a user-friendly interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on 3D Silk Scaffolds (2010)

Current treatment modalities for soft tissue defects due to various pathologies and trauma include autologous grafting and the use of commercially available fillers. However, these treatment methods are associated with a number of limitations, such as donor site morbidity and volume loss over time. As such, improved therapeutic options are needed. Tissue engineering techniques offer novel solutions to these problems through development of bioactive tissue constructs that can regenerate adipose tissue with an appropriate structure and function. The recent advances in the derivation and characterization of hASCs have led to numerous studies of soft tissue reconstruction. In this chapter, we discuss methods in which our laboratory has used hASCs and silk scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. The use of naturally occurring and clinically acceptable materials such as silk protein for tissue-engineering applications poses advantages with respect to biocompatibility and mechanical and biological properties.
Use of a Loudness Model for Hearing-Aid Fitting. I. Linear Hearing Aids (1998)

A model for predicting loudness for people with cochlear hearing loss is applied to the problem of prescribing the frequency-gain characteristic of a linear hearing aid. It is argued that a reasonable goal is to make all frequency bands of speech equally loud while achieving a comfortable overall loudness; this can maximize the proportion of the speech spectrum that is above the absolute threshold for a given loudness. In terms of the model this means that the specific loudness pattern evoked by speech of a moderate level (65 dB SPL) should be reasonably flat (equal loudness per critical band), and the overall loudness should be similar to that evoked in a normal listener by 65 dB speech (about 23 sones). The model is used to develop a new formula - the 'Cambridge formula' - for prescribing insertion gain from audiometric thresholds. It is shown that, for a fixed overall loudness of 23 sones, the Cambridge formula leads to a higher calculated articulation index than three other commonly used prescriptive methods: NAL(R), FIG6 and DSL.
Comment on ‘‘Linear least-squares fits with errors in both coordinates,’’ by B. C. Reed [Am. J. Phys. <b>5</b> <b>7</b>, 642–646 (1989)] (1990)

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Hedgehog Signaling Is Critical for Normal Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Mice (2010)

Mechanisms that mediate liver organogenesis, such as Hh pathway activation, are retained and promote reconstruction of adult livers after injury.
Virtual machine-based simulation of distributed computing and network computing (1981)

This paper proposes the use of virtual machine architectures as a means of modeling and analyzing networks and distributed computing systems. The requirements for such modeling and analysis are explored and defined along with an illustrative study of an X.25 link-level protocol performance under normal execution conditions. The virtualizable architecture used in this work is the Data General Nova 3/D.
A Survey of Rewriting Strategies in Program Transformation Systems (2001)

Program transformation is used in a wide range of applications including compiler construction, optimization, program synthesis, refactoring, software renovation, and reverse engineering. Complex program transformations are achieved through a number of consecutive modifications of a program. Transformation rules define basic modifications. A transformation strategy is an algorithm for choosing a path in the rewrite relation induced by a set of rules. This paper surveys the support for the definition of strategies in program transformation systems. After a discussion of kinds of program transformation and choices in program representation, the basic elements of a strategy system are discussed and the choices in the design of a strategy language are considered. Several styles of strategy systems as provided in existing languages are then analyzed.
Maximum likelihood estimation of cerebral blood flow in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (1999)

For quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI), knowledge of the tissue response function is necessary. To obtain this, the tissue contrast passage measurement must be corrected for the arterial input. This study proposes an iterative maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) algorithm for this correction, which takes into account the noise in T2- or T2*-weighted image sequences. The ML-EM algorithm does not assume a priori knowledge of the shape of the response function; it automatically corrects for arrival time offsets and inherently yields positive response values. The results on synthetic image sequences are presented, for which the recovered flow values and the response functions are in good agreement with their expectation values. The method is illustrated by calculating the gray and white matter flow in a clinical example.
Digital Twin Data Modeling with AutomationML and a Communication Methodology for Data Exchange (2016)

In the context of the Cyber Physical Systems toward the realization of a Digital Twin system for future manufacturing and product service systems we propose the use of AutomationML to model attributes related to the Digital Twin. Also, we propose that this model is very useful for data exchange between different systems that are connected with the Digital Twin. We present a case study where a industrial component was modeled and simulated to prove that our methodology works.
WRC Newsletter (Oct 1990) (1990)

Pollution is the theme of the 23rdWater for Texas Conference scheduled to convene in Lubbock on December 5-6,1990.The site for this year's conference will be the Lubbock Plaza Hotel."Non-point source (NPS) ,,l-'\PQllution is something that the Environmental Protection Agency considers as a major source of water contamination," states Dr.
Nature of Asphaltene Aggregates (2018)

The size and fractal dimension of asphaltene aggregates were investigated for two Western Canadian bitumens diluted with n-heptane at concentrations above the onset of precipitation. Asphaltene aggregate size distributions were measured over time using focused beam reflectance and micrographic methods in a series of batch experiments at different n-heptane contents and shear rates. The fractal dimensions of the aggregates were determined from the volume of the settled aggregates. The asphaltenes formed approximately log-normal size distributions with volume mean diameters of tens to hundreds of micrometers, depending mainly upon the n-heptane content. The distributions were established in less time than the first measurement could be obtained (about 30 s) and changed relatively little afterward. The average aggregate size increased with an increasing n-heptane content but reached a plateau value at 70–80 wt % n-heptane. The fractal dimension reached a maximum at a similar n-heptane content. Micrographic images and fractal dimensions indicated that, near the onset of precipitation, compact linear and planar aggregate structures dominated. At higher n-heptane contents up to approximately 75 wt % n-heptane, the aggregates remained compact but became more three-dimensional. At higher n-heptane contents, larger, looser structures were formed that could be broken under sufficient shear but did not reaggregate. The results were consistent with simultaneous nucleation, growth, and flocculation processes, where the precipitating material was initially sticky but lost its stickiness over time. The loss in stickiness was confirmed with surface force adhesion measurements.
Wound Edge Microvascular Blood Flow (2009)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound edge microvascular blood flow, comparing different wound fillers. Wounds were created on the backs of 7 pigs. NPWT was applied, using either foam or gauze, at -50,-75, -100, -125, -150, or -175 mm Hg. Microvascular blood flow was measured in muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue, and in the wound bed, at 0.5, 1, and 2.5 cm from the wound edge, using laser Doppler velocimetry. Similar patterns of blood flow response were observed when using foam or gauze. At 2.5 cm from the wound edge there was an increase in microvascular blood flow, while blood flow was decreased closer (0.5 cm) to the wound edge. The blood flow effects were similar at the different levels of negative pressure in muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue, and in the wound bed. Altered microvascular blood flow to the wound edge may be one of the mechanisms by which NPWT facilitates healing.
Targeting Mortalin by Embelin Causes Activation of Tumor Suppressor p53 and Deactivation of Metastatic Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

Embelin, a natural quinone found in the fruits of Embelia ribes, is commonly used in Ayurvedic home medicine for a variety of therapeutic potentials including anti-inflammation, anti-fever, anti-bacteria and anti-cancer. Molecular mechanisms of these activities and cellular targets have not been clarified to-date. We demonstrate that the embelin inhibits mortalin-p53 interactions, and activates p53 protein in tumor cells. We provide bioinformatics, molecular docking and experimental evidence to the binding affinity of embelin with mortalin and p53. Binding of embelin with mortalin/p53 abrogates their complex resulted in nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation function of p53 causing growth arrest in cancer cells. Furthermore, analyses of growth factors and metastatic signaling using antibody membrane array revealed their downregulation in embelin-treated cells. We also found that the embelin causes transcriptional attenuation of mortalin and several other proteins involved in metastatic signaling in cancer cells. Based on these molecular dynamics and experimental data, it is concluded that the anticancer activity of embelin involves targeting of mortalin, activation of p53 and inactivation of metastatic signaling.
Interactive whiteboards based on the WiiMote: Validation on the field (2011)

We run a project involving a large number of schools introducing an inexpensive, Wiimote based Interactive Whiteboard. Our aim was to verify how far such solution was from the industrial solutions. We found that in spite of some minor nuisances, the devices are actually well usable. An advantage is that since the solution is cheap, it can be used also at home. Another important point is that the extra burden of setting up the system by one selves increases the teachers' awareness.
Critical Factors in the Anodic Formation of Extremely Ordered Titania Nanocavities (2019)

In the present work, we discuss the formation of a highly ordered form of TiO 2 nanotubes (U-tubes) which are grown by anodizing Ti metal in a concentrated HF/H 3 PO 4 electrolyte. The crucial parameters determining geometry and order of the tubes (such as, temperature, applied voltage, concentration of HF, and anodizing time) are investigated and discussed. Under optimized conditions, not only very high degree of order, but also a perfectly open tube top morphology is obtained. The amorphous titania tubes (cavities) consist of a phosphate rich inner layer and a fluoride rich outer layer. Thermal crystallization of these short amorphous cavities to anatase/rutile at temperatures (>400C) in air leads to partial oxidation of the underneath metal -this and the short length of the tubes, usually around 200 nm, pose challenges for potential photoelectrochemical applications. However, the limited tube length can be overcome by a double anodizing technique. The extremely high order and unique nature of these types of self-ordered tubes allows for unprecedented control and enables various uses of the tubes.