gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LOXL2 Inhibition Paves the Way for Macrophage-Mediated Collagen Degradation in Liver Fibrosis (2020)

Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and enzymes, especially fibrillary collagens, and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) drive covalent crosslinking of collagen fibers, thereby promoting stabilization and accumulation of liver fibrosis while limiting its resolution. Here we show in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)-induced liver fibrosis murine model that treatment with a novel anti-lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) neutralizing antibody, which targets extracellular LOXL2, significantly improves fibrosis resolution. LOXL2 inhibition following the onset of fibrosis accelerated and augmented collagen degradation. This was accompanied by increased localization of reparative monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) in the proximity of fibrotic fibers and their representation in the liver. These cells secreted collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and, in particular, the membrane-bound MT1-MMP (MMP-14) collagenase. Inducible and selective ablation of infiltrating MoMFs negated the increased "on-fiber" accumulation of MMP-14-expressing MoMFs and the accelerated collagenolytic activity observed in the anti-LOXL2-treated mice. Many studies of liver fibrosis focus on preventing the progression of the fibrotic process. In contrast, the therapeutic mechanism of LOXL2 inhibition presented herein aims at reversing existing fibrosis and facilitating endogenous liver regeneration by paving the way for collagenolytic macrophages.
Design and Evaluation of a System for Vision-Based Vehicle Convoying (1998)

In this paper, we discuss how to process visual information in convoying applications, using only low--cost, off--the--shelf hardware. We introduce a numerical algorithm for real--time perspective pose estimation that uses strong task--specific constraints to achieve efficiency and stability. Through extensive experiments performed with synthetic data, we show that this approach yields more accurate recovery than a general--purpose structure--and--motion recovery framework known as the Variable State Dimension Filter, even when some of its fundamental task--specific assumptions are only partially valid. In addition, we discuss efficient ways to perform low--level vision with off--the--shelf hardware, and we present a two-- level control strategy that uses high--frequency odometry data to stabilize visual control. Real--world convoying experiments show that our tracking--and--control system performs quite well in the sense that it manages to keep targets in view, tolerates changes in li...
Study of interfacial interaction of an optical fibre embedded in a host material by<i>in situ</i>measurement of fibre end displacement—Part 1. Theory (2005)

This paper presents the theoretical foundation for an experimental method to investigate the host-to-fibre interaction based on the remote measurement, via the optical fibre path, of the displacement δ of the embedded fibre end relative to the surrounding host material under axial tension. It is shown that the measurement of δ as a function of the axial strain in the host ε1 provides key representative information on the strain transfer mechanics and the integrity of the fibre/coating/host interfaces. Parameters are defined that are based on this measurement and are directly related to familiar descriptors of strain transfer mechanics, such as failure length and interfacial shear stress.
Non‐invasive techniques for investigating and modelling root‐feeding insects in managed and natural systems (2006)

Abstract 1 Root‐feeding insects are now considered to play a greater role in ecosystem processes than previously thought, yet little is known about their specific interactions with host plants compared with above‐ground insect herbivores. Methodological difficulties associated with studying these insects in the soil, together with the lack of empirical and theoretical frameworks, have conventionally hindered progress in this area. 2 This paper reviews recent empirical and theoretical developments that have been adopted for studying root‐feeding insects, focusing on the non‐invasive techniques of X‐ray tomography and acoustic field detection and how these can be integrated with new mathematical modelling approaches. 3 X‐ray tomography has been used for studying the movements of several insects within the soil and has helped to characterize the host plant location behaviour of the clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus . Acoustic detection of soil insects has been used in various managed systems, ranging from nursery containers to citrus groves. 4 Mathematical modelling plays a complementary role for investigating root‐feeding insects, illustrated by a number of published models. A model is presented for the movement of S. lepidus in the soil, which suggests that these insects undergo Lévy movements, similar to those recently demonstrated for above‐ground organisms. 5 The future directions and challenges for investigating root‐feeding insects are discussed in the context of the wider ecosystem, incorporating both above and below‐ground organisms.
Influence of seed roasting process on the changes in composition and quality of sesame (<i>Sesame indicum</i>) oil (1990)

Abstract The composition and quality changes of sesame oils prepared at different roasting temperatures (180–260°C) from sesame seed were evaluated and compared with an unroasted oil sample. There were no apparent differences in characteristics, such as acid value, iodine value, saponification value and refractive index, of sesame oils prepared at a roasting temperature between 180 and 220°C. The colour units and total polar content of oils increased in relation to an increase in roasting temperature. The phospholipid content was reduced from 690 mg kg −1 in unroasted oil to 0 mg kg −1 in the oil prepared using a 260°C roasting temperature. The fatty acid content of the oil was reduced markedly, especially in oleic and linoleic acids, when the roasting temperature was over 220°C. The amounts of chlorophyll and sesamolin decreased with increasing roasting temperature. However, the highest level of sesamol and γ‐tocopherol was found in oils prepared with a 200–220°C roasting temperature. The sesame oil prepared at a 200°C roasting temperature had the best flavour score when compared with the other samples.
Biomechanical Analysis of an Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2002)

Results may lead to the use of a two-bundle technique.
Interactive subsurface scattering for translucent meshes (2003)

We propose a simple lighting model to incorporate subsurface scattering effects within the local illumination framework. Subsurface scattering is relatively local due to its exponential falloff and has little effect on the appearance of neighboring objects. These observations have motivated us to approximate the BSSRDF model and to model subsurface scattering effects by using only local illumination. Our model is able to capture the most important features of subsurface scattering: reflection and transmission due to multiple scattering.In our approach we build the neighborhood information as a preprocess and modify the traditional local illumination model into a run-time two-stage process. In the first stage we compute the reflection and transmission of light on the surface. The second stage involves bleeding the scattering effects from a vertex's neighborhood to produce the final result. We then show how to merge the run-time two-stage process into a run-time single-stage process using precomputed integral. The complexity of our run-time algorithm is O(N), where N is the number of vertices. Using this approach, we achieve interactive frame rates with about one to two orders of magnitude speedup compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
SIENA: Semi-automatic semantic enhancement of datasets using concept recognition (2021)

Using concept recognition combined with machine learning techniques and annotation with a biomedical ontology, the proposed framework can provide datasets to reach their full potential of providing meaningful information, which can answer scientific research questions.
The Ode active database: trigger semantics and implementation (2002)

Ode is an active database system and environment based on the object paradigm. Triggers are the basic ingredient of active databases. Ode triggers are event-action pairs. An event can be a composite event (i.e. an event composed from other events). Composite events are detected by translating the event specifications into finite state machines. In this paper, we describe the integration and implementation of composite event-based triggers into the Ode object database. We focus on implementation details such as the basic trigger events supported, the efficient posting of these events, the handling of transaction-related events and the integration of triggers into a real database. We also describe the run-time facilities used to support trigger processing and describe some experiences we gained while implementing triggers. We illustrate Ode trigger facilities with a credit card example.
HOLOGRAPHIC SPECTRUM-SPLITTING OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (2013)

Solar energy is the most abundant source of renewable energy available. The relatively high cost prevents solar photovoltaic (PV) from replacing fossil fuel on a larger scale. In solar PV power generation the cost is reduced with more efficient PV technologies. In this dissertation, methods to improve PV conversion efficiency with holographic optical components are discussed. The tandem multiple-junction approach has achieved very high conversion efficiency. However it is impossible to manufacture tandem PV cells at a low cost due to stringent fabrication standards and limited material types that satisfy lattice compatibility. Current produced by the tandem multi-junction PV cell is limited by the lowest junction due to series connection. Spectrum-splitting is a lateral multi-junction concept that is free of lattice and current matching constraints. Each PV cell can be optimized towards full absorption of a spectral band with tailored light-trapping schemes. Holographic optical components are designed to achieve spectrum-splitting PV energy conversion. The incident solar spectrum is separated onto multiple PV cells that are matched to the corresponding spectral band. Holographic spectrum-splitting can take advantage of existing and future low-cost technologies that produces high efficiency thin-film solar cells. Spectrum-splitting optical systems are designed and analyzed with both transmission and reflection holographic optical components. Prototype holograms are fabricated and high optical efficiency is achieved. Light-trapping in PV cells increases the effective optical path-length in the semiconductor material leading to improved absorption and conversion efficiency. It has been shown that the effective optical path length can be increased by a factor of 4n2 using diffusive surfaces. Ultra-light-trapping can be achieved with optical filters that limit the escape angle of the diffused light. Holographic reflection gratings have been shown to act as angle-wavelength selective filters that can function as ultra-light-trapping filters. Results from an experimental reflection hologram are used to model the absorption enhancement factor for a silicon solar cell and light-trapping filter. The result shows a significant improvement in current generation for thin-film silicon solar cells under typical operating conditions.
High temperature gas chromatography for the analysis of fossil fuels: A review (1994)

Abstract For the past two or three decades geochemists have been concerned with the analyses and characterization of compounds, generally hydrocarbons, ranging from C 1 C 40 . Significant amounts of information have resulted from these studies which have been extremely useful in many geochemical and environmental studies. However, in the past two or three years the commercial development and availability of high temperature gas chromatography columns has lead to the investigation of the occurrence and distribution of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWHC), and other compounds, in the carbon number range C 40 C 100 , present in oils, waxes, bitumens and rock extracts. The ability to study these compounds represents a major advance in organic geochemistry. In some samples these compounds may represent the bulk of the organic components but prior to development of the high temperature columns it was impossible to study their distributions. This paper will review advances that have occurred in terms of the application of high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) to the analyses of fossil fuel samples and discuss the possible origin and significance of these compounds that have been identified. In addition, some of the potential problems involved in the analyses of these compounds will also be discussed.
<title>Holographic Measuring Of Deformations In Complete Upper Dentures</title> (1980)

A clinically useful method using hologram interferometry to measure deformations in upper complete dentures is described. Real-time and sandwich holography have been used both to measure deformation as well as to insure proper repositioning of the dentures on the mea-surement stand.
Creating innovative new media programs (2007)

This paper presents a framework for creating innovative New Media programs. Demand for traditional Computer Science and Information Technology (CS/IT) programs has gone down in recent years, while new multimedia applications have grown exponentially over the same period. Additionally, teaching and learning paradigms are changing to cater for different learning styles. In today's global economy, creativity and innovation are tools for gaining completive advantage, and therefore, need to be included in educational programs. Developing innovative New Media programs is being recognised as a pathway to revitalise CS/IT programs. The course development framework presented in this paper incorporates new teaching and learning paradigms and provides the opportunity to inculcate creativity and innovation.
Isolation of <i>ORC6</i> , a Component of the Yeast Origin Recognition Complex by a One-Hybrid System (1993)

Here a method is described to identify genes encoding proteins that recognize a specific DNA sequence. A bank of random protein segments tagged with a transcriptional activation domain is screened for proteins that can activate a reporter gene containing the sequence in its promoter. This strategy was used to identify an essential protein that interacts in vivo with the yeast origin of DNA replication. Matches between its predicted amino acid sequence and peptide sequence obtained from the 50-kilodalton subunit of the yeast origin recognition complex (ORC) established that the gene isolated here, ORC6, encodes this subunit. These observations provide evidence that ORC recognizes yeast replication origins in vivo.
Entschleunigung der Elektronik (2022)

Die Lebensmittel Zeitung ist die führende Fach- und Wirtschaftszeitung der Konsumgüterbranche in Deutschland. Wer aktuelle Nachrichten, Analysen und Hintergrundberichte zu Marketingstrategien, Sortiments- und Vertriebskonzepten deutscher und internationaler Handels- und Industrieunternehmen sucht, findet sie in der LZ - oftmals exklusiv. Dabei reicht das Spektrum der Berichterstattung von Food über Nonfood bis hin zu IT und Logistik.
Toda Molecule Equation and Quotient-Difference Method (1993)

The numerical algorithm for computing eigenvalues of a given matrix using the Toda molecule equation, suggested recently by Hirota, Tsujimoto and Imai, is shown to be equivalent to the quotient-difference method. This relation, convergence of the algorithm and extension to a much wider range of matrices are described.
Dual‐Sensitive Micellar Nanoparticles Regulate DNA Unpacking and Enhance Gene‐Delivery Efficiency (2010)

Reversibly crosslinked micellar nanoparticles that are capable of releasing encapsulated DNA in response to a reduction microenvironment and physiological ionic strength are synthesized for gene delivery. The dual-sensitive nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced complex and colloidal stability, yield more sustained DNA unpacking in cytosols, and mediate enhanced and more prolonged transgene expression for at least 10 days.
Improved diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI through combined apparent diffusion coefficients and dynamic contrast‐enhanced kinetics (2011)

This study investigated the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kinetics in breast lesions and evaluated the relative diagnostic value of each quantitative parameter. Seventy-seven women with 100 breast lesions (27 malignant and 73 benign) underwent both dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted MRI. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI kinetic parameters included peak initial enhancement, predominant delayed kinetic curve type (persistent, plateau, or washout), and worst delayed kinetic curve type (washout > plateau > persistent). Associations between ADC and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI kinetic parameters and predictions of malignancy were evaluated. Results showed that ADC was significantly associated with predominant curve type (ADC was higher for lesions exhibiting predominantly persistent enhancement compared with those exhibiting predominantly washout or plateau, P = 0.006), but was not significantly associated with peak initial enhancement or worst curve type (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions in both ADC (P < 0.001) and worst curve (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, worst curve type and ADC were significant independent predictors of benign versus malignant outcome and in combination produced the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.85 and 0.78 with 5-fold cross validation).
Liver‐derived extracellular matrix as a biologic scaffold for acute vocal fold repair in a canine model (2009)

The L-ECM scaffold did not restore the biochemical composition or histologic appearance of the injured vocal fold as compared to normal. However, the increased ratio of collagen III/I and elastic fiber content suggests that L-ECM leads to formation of connective tissue that may be more pliable as compared to no treatment. Additional investigation, including functional assessment, is warranted.
Structural change and receptor binding in a chemokine mutant with a rearranged disulfide: X-ray structure of e38C/C50A IL-8 at 2 Å resolution (1997)

The characteristic CXC chemokine disulfide core of interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been rearranged in a variant replacing the 9-50 disulfide with a 9-38 disulfide. The new variant has been characterized by its binding affinity to IL-8 receptors A and B and the erythrocyte receptor DARC. This variant binds the three receptors with affinities between 500- and 2,500-fold lower than wild-type IL-8. Binding affinity results are also reported for the variant with alanine substituted for both cysteines 9 and 50. The Glu38-->Cys/Cys50-->Ala IL-8 crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell parameters a = 46.4, b = 49.2, and c = 69.5 A, and has been refined to an R-value of 19.4% for data from 10 to 2 A resolution. Analysis of the structure confirms the new disulfide arrangement and suggests that changes at Ile10 may be the principal cause of the lowered affinities.
Mouse macrophage Fc receptor for IgG gamma 2b/gamma 1 in artificial and plasma membrane vesicles functions as a ligand-dependent ionophore. (1983)

We tested the effect of specific ligands to the mouse macrophage IgG gamma 2b/gamma 1 Fc fragment receptor (FcR) on ion permeability of plasma membrane vesicles prepared from J774 macrophages by nitrogen cavitation. The monoclonal antibody directed against IgG gamma 2b/gamma 1 FcR (gamma 2b/gamma 1 FcR), 2.4G2 IgG, and soluble and immobilized immunocomplexes induces a dramatic cation flow through plasma membrane vesicles, as measured by [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium+ accumulation. Challenge with the monovalent 2.4G2 Fab also produces an ion flow but the effect is smaller by a factor of 2, and three other monoclonal antibodies directed against major surface antigens of mouse macrophages produce no net ion flow. Membrane vesicles incubated with FcR ligands do not discriminate between Na+ and K+ and show low permeability to Ca2+. gamma 2b/gamma 1 FcR was purified by using monoclonal 2.4G2 and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Under these circumstances, the purified receptor increased the cation permeability of the proteoliposomes in the presence of specific ligands. The data indicate that the gamma 2b/gamma 1 FcR of J774 macrophages functions as a ligand-dependent ionophore. The ion influx into macrophages mediated by the FcR may play an important role as a signal for internalization of membranes and stimulus-secretion coupling.
Non-precious electrocatalysts synthesized from metal–organic frameworks (2014)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered as clean and efficient energy conversion devices with great potential to replace currently used internal combustion engines (ICEs) in the near future. Developing high-performance and less expensive non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode side is crucial for widespread application of PEMFCs. Herein an Fe-containing metal–organic framework (MOF) was employed as the sole precursor for preparing a cathode electrocatalyst. The Fe-MOF was synthesized and subsequently subjected to thermolysis under a non-reactive gas atmosphere followed by acid leaching and heat treatment under NH3 at different temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C. Upon pyrolysis, iron–nitrogen containing carbon active sites (Fe/N/C) were formed in parallel with development of an electronically conductive carbon medium produced through pyrolytic carbonization of the organic component of the MOF material. The prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM and XPS. In a H2SO4 (pH = 1) electrolyte, the ORR onset potential of 0.915 V, and the half-wave potential of 0.811 V are achieved using the most promising electrocatalyst (C700/950). The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) made of these electrocatalysts were also tested as a cathode in a H2/air single fuel cell. The most promising electrocatalyst (C700/950) demonstrated an open circuit voltage of 0.945 V and a maximum power density of 0.302 W cm−2 reached at 0.391 V.