gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic methods for the photodiagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (2012)

The importance of dermatological noninvasive imaging techniques has increased over the last decades, aiming at diagnosing nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Technological progress has led to the development of various analytical tools, enabling the in vivo/in vitro examination of lesional human skin with the aim to increase diagnostic accuracy and decrease morbidity and mortality. The structure of the skin layers, their chemical composition, and the distribution of their compounds permits the noninvasive photodiagnosis of skin diseases, such as skin cancers, especially for early stages of malignant tumors. An important role in the dermatological diagnosis and disease monitoring has been shown for promising spectroscopic and imaging techniques, such as fluorescence, diffuse reflectance, Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. We review the use of these spectroscopic techniques as noninvasive tools for the photodiagnosis of NMSC.
Modeling of ${\rm V}^{2}$ Current-Mode Control (2010)

Recently, V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> constant on-time control has been widely used to improve light-load efficiency. In the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> implementation, the nonlinear PWM modulator is much more complicated than usual, since not only is the inductor current information fed back to the modulator but also the capacitor voltage ripple information. Generally speaking, there is no subharmonic oscillation in constant on-time control. However, the delay due to the capacitor ripple results in subharmonic oscillation in V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> constant on-time control. So far, there has been no accurate model to predict the instability issue due to the capacitor ripple. This paper presents a new modeling approach for the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> constant on-time control. The power stage, the switches, and the PWM modulator are treated as a single entity and modeled based on the describing function method. The model for the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> constant on-time control achieved by the new approach can accurately predict subharmonic oscillations. Two solutions are discussed to solve the instability issue. The extension of the model to other types of V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> current-mode control and multiphase application is also shown in this paper. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed model.
Signal Transduction Reaction Monitoring Deciphers Site-Specific PI3K-mTOR/MAPK Pathway Dynamics in Oncogene-Induced Senescence (2015)

We report a straightforward strategy to comprehensively monitor signal transduction pathway dynamics in mammalian systems. Combining targeted quantitative proteomics with highly selective phosphopeptide enrichment, we monitor, with great sensitivity, phosphorylation dynamics of the PI3K-mTOR and MAPK signaling networks. Our approach consists of a single enrichment step followed by a single targeted proteomics experiment, circumventing the need for labeling and immune purification while enabling analysis of selected phosphorylation nodes throughout signaling pathways. The need for such a comprehensive pathway analysis is illustrated by highlighting previously uncharacterized phosphorylation changes in oncogene-induced senescence, associated with diverse biological phenotypes and pharmacological intervention of the PI3K-mTOR pathway.
LDPC coded OFDM over the atmospheric turbulence channel (2007)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is shown to significantly outperform LDPC coded on-off keying (OOK) over the atmospheric turbulence channel in terms of both coding gain and spectral efficiency. In the regime of strong turbulence at a bit-error rate of 10(-5), the coding gain improvement of the LDPC coded single-side band unclipped-OFDM system with 64 sub-carriers is larger than the coding gain of the LDPC coded OOK system by 20.2 dB for quadrature-phase-shift keying (QPSK) and by 23.4 dB for binary-phase-shift keying (BPSK).
Locating basic colors in the OSA space (1987)

Abstract The color specimens developed by the OSA Committee on Uniform Color Scales are intended to provide a uniform sampling of the three‐dimensional domain of realizable surface colors. The research of this article confirms the distinction between basic and nonbasic color terms and defines the locations of the eleven basic surface colors within the OSA space through systematic, monolexemic color naming of 424 samples of the OSA set seen against a gray background. It is concluded that the coordinate system of the OSA color space is well suited to the specification of color order: The locations of the basic colors are reasonably arranged and can be conveniently and precisely visualized.
An efficient non-repudiation protocol (2002)

Fairness may be a desirable property of a non-repudiation service. Protocols can achieve fairness through the involvement of a trusted third party but the extent of the trusted third party's involvement can vary between protocols. Hence, one of the goals of designing an efficient non-repudiation protocol is to reduce the workload of the trusted third party. In this paper, we present a variant of our fair non-repudiation protocol (1996), where the trusted third party is involved only in the case that one party cannot obtain the expected non-repudiation evidence from the other party. This variant is efficient in an environment where the two parties are likely to resolve communications problems between themselves.
Systems for Tire Cord-Rubber Adhesion (1985)

Abstract The last comprehensive review of tire-cord adhesion to rubber was reported by T. Takeyama and J. Matsui in Rubber Reviews for 1969. They covered this subject in depth from its scientific beginnings and dealt mostly with rayon, nylon, and polyester tire-cord adhesion. The objective of this present review will be to up-date the 1969 review. The resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) adhesive system developed as a fiber adhesive in the early 1940's is still in use throughout the rubber industry at the present time. No other resin has replaced the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and no other latex has replaced 2-vinylpyridine-butadiene-styrene latex as components in adhesive dip recipes. This will probably be true into the foreseeable future. There was really no need to improve the adhesion of rayon and nylon to rubber, so very little development work was done with the adhesion of these two fibers. However, a considerable amount of work was done with polyester adhesion and this coincided with the expanded use of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers in passenger tires. Much of this effort was concerned with single-step adhesive dips where the adhesion activating ingredients were added to a standard RFL mixture.
A wearable, ambient sound-based approach for infrastructureless fuzzy proximity estimation (2010)

While it is challenging to obtain absolute location information of people and objects in indoor venues, obtaining proximity information is sufficient in various wearable computing applications. In this work, we characterize to which extent sound - a modality available in any mobile devices - may be used to infer proximity between these devices. We introduce a fingerprinting based approach and verify the existence of a relation between the distance of two devices and the similarity of the recorded ambient sound. While a quantitative distance estimation could only be achieved with an accuracy of 46 %, we could infer a correct distance region with an accuracy of 80 %. We further showed that an accurate estimation which of two devices is closer to a reference device is possible and that we could reliably infer if two devices are at the same location.
Docosahexaenoic Acid (2016)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain, highly unsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid. It has a structure that gives it unique physical and functional properties. DHA is metabolically related to other n-3 fatty acids: it can be synthesised from the plant essential fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, this pathway does not appear to be very efficient in many individuals, although the conversion of ALA to DHA is much better in young women than in young men. Furthermore, young infants may be more efficient converters of ALA to DHA than many adults, although the conversion rate is variable among infants. Many factors have been identified that affect the rate of conversion. The implication of poor conversion is that preformed DHA needs to be consumed. DHA is found in fairly high amounts in seafood, especially fatty fish, and in various forms of n-3 supplements. The amount of DHA in seafood and in supplements varies. Breast milk contains DHA. DHA is found esterified into complex lipids within the bloodstream, in adipose stores and in cell membranes. Its concentration in different compartments varies greatly. The brain and eye have high DHA contents compared to other organs. DHA is especially concentrated in the grey matter of the brain and in the rod outer segments of the retina. In the brain DHA is involved in neuronal signalling, while in the eye it is involved in the quality of vision. DHA is accumulated in the brain and eye late in pregnancy and in early infancy. A lower DHA content is linked to poorer cognitive development and visual function. DHA affects cell and tissue physiology and function through numerous mechanisms, including alterations in membrane structure and function, in membrane protein function, in cellular signalling and in lipid mediator production.
Well and Woes of Tourism Promotion in Bangladesh: Investment Perspective (2018)

Bangladesh has huge prospects for both foreign and local investors. However, the core objective of this research is to find out the well and woes of Tourism Investment to enhance the continuous growth of tourism sector. The methodology of this study is qualitative in nature. Primary data was collected from direct interview of 120 tourism stakeholders from private and public sector based on some relevant variables like tourism potential, current tourism investment trend, investment opportunities as well as possible barriers to invest following a focus group discussion comprising of fifteen industry experts having a vast knowledge of Bangladesh tourism and investment policy. Additionally, the secondary data were collected from different journals, dailies, websites (government and non-government), reports and international comments. Therefore, the research has found out that currently the investment is insufficient to make Bangladesh a priority tourism destination. On the contrary, there are huge options to invest in marketing, management and development of amenities in the world’s largest mangrove forest, longest sea beach, Shat Gambuj Mosque, Paharpur and many more attractions to increase tourist flow which will eventually enhance national economy. The challenges are lack of integration among the service providers and concerned authorities. In a nutshell, tourism investment is very crucial in Bangladesh in contrast with the neighbouring countries. Thus, this research will find a new pavement to emphasize on tourism investment and budget allocation.
Control and system identification of a two-link flexible manipulator (2002)

The problem of endpoint position control for a planar manipulator which has two very flexible links is considered. Discussions on system identification techniques are presented relative to the laboratory apparatus under consideration. The resulting models are used in static and dynamic fixed-controller designs, as well as in a self-tuning controller design for the case in which the manipulator carries an unknown payload at the endpoint of the second link. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control and system identification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereo- and regioselectivities in the epoxidation of some allylic alcohols by the dioxirane intermediate generated in the reaction of potassium caroate with acetone (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereo- and regioselectivities in the epoxidation of some allylic alcohols by the dioxirane intermediate generated in the reaction of potassium caroate with acetoneGrazia Cicala, Ruggero Curci, Michele Fiorentino, and Onofrio LaricchiutaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 13, 2670–2673Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00134a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00134a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views864Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functionally Important Amino Acid Residues in the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) Ion Channel - An Overview of the Current Mutational Data (2013)

This review aims to create an overview of the currently available results of site-directed mutagenesis studies on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor. Systematization of the vast number of data on the functionally important amino acid mutations of TRPV1 may provide a clearer picture of this field, and may promote a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of TRPV1. The review summarizes information on 112 unique mutated sites along the TRPV1, exchanged to multiple different residues in many cases. These mutations influence the effect or binding of different agonists, antagonists, and channel blockers, alter the responsiveness to heat, acid, and voltage dependence, affect the channel pore characteristics, and influence the regulation of the receptor function by phosphorylation, glycosylation, calmodulin, PIP2, ATP, and lipid binding. The main goal of this paper is to publish the above mentioned data in a form that facilitates in silico molecular modelling of the receptor by promoting easier establishment of boundary conditions. The better understanding of the structure-function relationship of TRPV1 may promote discovery of new, promising, more effective and safe drugs for treatment of neurogenic inflammation and pain-related diseases and may offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Robust Chemical Synthesis of Membrane Proteins through a General Method of Removable Backbone Modification (2016)

Chemical protein synthesis can provide access to proteins with post-translational modifications or site-specific labelings. Although this technology is finding increasing applications in the studies of water-soluble globular proteins, chemical synthesis of membrane proteins remains elusive. In this report, a general and robust removable backbone modification (RBM) method is developed for the chemical synthesis of membrane proteins. This method uses an activated O-to-N acyl transfer auxiliary to install in the Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis process a RBM group with switchable reactivity toward trifluoroacetic acid. The method can be applied to versatile membrane proteins because the RBM group can be placed at any primary amino acid. With RBM, the membrane proteins and their segments behave almost as if they were water-soluble peptides and can be easily handled in the process of ligation, purification, and mass characterizations. After the full-length protein is assembled, the RBM group can be readily removed by trifluoroacetic acid. The efficiency and usefulness of the new method has been demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a two-transmembrane-domain protein (HCV p7 ion channel) with site-specific isotopic labeling and a four-transmembrane-domain protein (multidrug resistance transporter EmrE). This method enables practical synthesis of small- to medium-sized membrane proteins or membrane protein domains for biochemical and biophysical studies.
Tunable SERS in Gold Nanorod Dimers through Strain Control on an Elastomeric Substrate (2010)

In this Letter we provide experimental verification of the interparticle distance dependence of the SERS enhancement factor in 1 μm gold gapped nanorods. Au dimers are fabricated from electrochemically grown heterogeneous Au-Ag-Au nanorods and deposited on a stretchable elastomer film which allows active and reversible tuning of the interparticle gap on the sub-5-nm level. Significantly, this technique allows the distance dependence to be tracked using a single dimer, thereby avoiding enhancement factor reproducibility issues arising from morphological differences in disparate nanoparticle pairs.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF 2‐AROYLBENZOIC ACIDS. PART I. 2‐((2′‐HYDROXY‐5′‐BIPHENYLYL)CARBONYL)BENZOIC ACID (1983)

Abstract Aus o‐Hydroxydiphenyl (I) und Phthalsäureanhydrid (II) entsteht entgegen einer früheren Veröffentlichung die unbekannte Säure (IIIa).
사진 및 영상을 이용한 증강현실의 광고 활용 가능성에 관한 고찰 (2017)

The augmented reality ads are expected to change the context in which existing Ads are displayed. The provision of immediate and customized information is expected to retreat to some extent in the study of memory effect, which has remained important in existing advertisements. The reason is that you will immediately know what the consumer wants without having to remember. On the contrary, it is expected that various discussions about sensory, immediate, and impromptu judgment will be important rather than various metaphorical expressions through repetitive reproduction or cognitive elaboration process. Advertising using virtual and augmented reality will tend to visualize other Senses, such as sounds and smells, to provide more information. The provision of such a variety of information has the aspect of being able to utilize capital more efficiently. Augmented reality ads can be used anywhere, but in order to increase efficiency, it is very important to point out where and at what point consumers are informed and asked. This change through the introduction of augmented reality will greatly change our experience world. Just as paper maps, smart phone maps, and maps are turned into maps on wearable devices and we are able to connect with more restaurants, stores, and households consumers through augmented reality ads in maps. In this respect, advertising using augmented reality is also expected to increase dramatically. This will expand not only by purchasing the image of the product in charge of the image but also by providing immediate information through the provision of necessary information at the needed time. This may be the time to recall the initial message that advertising is widely known for. But there are still many mountains to overcome. At this point, the limitation is that augmented reality is a form that is integrated through devices. Currently, smart phones are used as a tool, but smart phones and tablets are still heavy, so it is expected to grow when it comes to wearable devices, such as Google glasses and contact lenses. The quality of 3D-based image is insufficient. These qualities will be developed in such a way that more vivid bases like realistic photographs and images are superimposed on reality as they are transformed from pictures to pictures. There is a technical capacity limit such as a problem of a still transmission speed and a problem of a stable supply of contents. Also, because of the psychological and cognitive brainwashing and misunderstanding of the information provided by persistent and coordinated sellers of information can lead to ethical and psychological problems.
[The division of labor in medicine]. (1986)

The regulations governing the professional training of doctors and the Nursing Law differentiate a variety of professions in the medical field. This shows that the division of labour in medicine is embodied in the law. To the undeniable advantages of rapid development and specialization in medicine are linked equally undeniable disadvantages; large hospitals find it increasingly difficult to coordinate and oversee the course of operations, an ever greater number of persons have to bear responsibilities. Not only the person who acts incorrectly, but also those connected in same way, especially those preceding in the line of action, can be called to account for unwise selection and inadequate supervision of co-workers. We have to distinguish between horizontal division of labour among persons of equal rank, and vertical division of labour and delegation within the framework of staff hierarchy. Although the principle of trust is embodied only in the Road Traffic Code, it can be widely applied to horizontal division of labour. In vertical division of labour and delegation, its reach is only qualified. Reported cases serve to exemplify the complex of problems, and the situation is discussed in the light of the legal provisions of the Medical Profession Act, the Hospital Law and the rules governing institutions. There is no unequivocal, by-operation-of-law distribution of powers or competence. The paper highlights the eminent importance of the duty of care as established in the body of law when it is a question of accepting a task with which one is entrusted and, conversely, when entrusting a co-worker with a task.
On-line estimation of hidden Markov model parameters based on the Kullback-Leibler information measure (1993)

Sequential or online hidden Markov model (HMM) signal processing schemes are derived, and their performance is illustrated by simulation. The online algorithms are sequential expectation maximization (EM) schemes and are derived by using stochastic approximations to maximize the Kullback-Leibler information measure. The schemes can be implemented either as filters or fixed-lag or sawtooth-lag smoothers. They yield estimates of the HMM parameters including transition probabilities, Markov state levels, and noise variance. In contrast to the offline EM algorithm (Baum-Welch scheme), which uses the fixed-interval forward-backward scheme, the online schemes have significantly reduced memory requirements and improved convergence, and they can estimate HMM parameters that vary slowly with time or undergo infrequent jump changes. Similar techniques are used to derive online schemes for extracting finite-state Markov chains imbedded in a mixture of white Gaussian noise (WGN) and deterministic signals of known functional form with unknown parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>