gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development Of Scroll Compressor With New Compliant Mechanism (2002)

Increased demand of energy saving, more-high efficiency compressor is required.For high-efficiency of scroll compressor, we must minimize leak-loss on the tip and thrust-mechanical loss of the Orbiting-Scroll's thrust face.New-type scroll compressor has new parts "Compliant-Frame" that is compliant axially, in the back of the Orbiting-Scroll, and has two independent middle-pressure chambers located in the upper side and the lower side of Compliant-Frame.By optimizing the lower side chamber, Orbiting-Scroll contacts Fixed-Scroll softly and we could minimize leak-loss on the tip.By optimizing the upper side chamber, thrust load on Orbiting-Scroll is decreased and we could minimize thrust mechanical loss of the Orbiting-Scroll's thrust face.As a result, this new-type scroll compressor gained around 14% improvement in COP.
Sparse Reconstruction of Glucose Fluxes Using Continuous Glucose Monitors (2019)

A new technique for estimating postprandial glucose flux profiles without the use of glucose tracers is proposed. A sparse vector space representation is first found for the space of plausible glucose flux profiles using sparse encoding. A Lasso formulation is then used to estimate the glucose fluxes that combines (1) known patient model parameters; (2) the vector space of plausible glucose flux profiles; (3) continuous glucose monitor measurements taken during the meal; (4) amount of insulin injected; (5) amount of meal carbohydrates; and (6) an estimate of the initial conditions. Three glucose fluxes are then estimated, namely; glucose rate of appearance from the intestine; endogenous glucose production from the liver; insulin dependent glucose utilization; and other important state variables. The simulation results show that the technique is capable of estimating the glucose fluxes with high accuracy, even for complex meal scenarios. The experimental results indicate that the technique is capable of reproducing the triple tracer measurements for three T1DM undergoing the triple tracer protocol while estimating the missing measurements for a certain model parameter selection.
NanoThermoMechanical memory: Near-field heat transfer enabled negative differential thermal resistance and thermal latching (2016)

The three-dimensional design and modeling of a near-field NanoThermoMechanical memory is presented. Contrary to electronic memories, a NanoThermoMechanical memory utilizes heat solely to record, store, and recover data. Therefore it is immune to high temperature, intensive electric and magnetic fields, and can be powered with waste heat. Memory function of the NanoThermoMechanical memory is achieved through the existence of a bistable thermal system (i.e., has two stable equilibrium states under the same boundary conditions). The bistable thermal system occurs as a result of conjugate effects between a nonlinear heat input (resulting from negative differential thermal resistance) and heat losses from the NanoThermoMechanical memory device. Negative differential thermal resistance is specifically achieved through coupling between near-field thermal radiation and thermal expansion of the microbeam which the NanoThermoMechanical memory is made out of. Steady state analysis shows two stable states at the low and high temperatures of 1080 K and 1297 K, respectively, corresponding to the two memory states of ZERO and ONE. Complete read write cycle of the NanoThermoMechanical memory is also demonstrated using dynamic analysis. Using standard MEMS microfabrication techniques, the fabrication of the proposed NanoThermoMechanical memory devices can be easily accomplished.
High-Yield Fabrication Method for High-$T_{\text{c}}$ Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Magnetometer with Integrated Multiturn Input Coil (2012)

We have developed a new fabrication method for a high-Tc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with an integrated multiturn input coil to improve the fabrication yield. The method consists of a new multi-SQUID layout and an additional patterning process. In this layout, each input coil is shunted by a shunt inductor to avoid an increase in the inductance of the flux transformer. After preliminary evaluation, the shunt inductor connected to the preferred SQUID is cut to activate the input coil. We demonstrated a drastic improvement in fabrication yield to obtain white field noise less than 25 fT/Hz1/2 from 25 to 83%.
Microbial production of pyrroloquinoline quinone. (1984)

The possibility of preparing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a novel coenzyme, by a microbial method was proposed for the first time. PQQwas formed and accumulated in the culture mediumof various microorganisms. Of the tested strains, somemethylotrophs were most favorable for PQQ production and more than 10μg/ml ofPQQ was found in the culture mediumafter 2 days incubation. An attempt at the isolation and purification of PQQwas made successfully and spectral evidence was obtained suggesting that the purified PQQ was identical with authentic PQQ. The spectral similarity of PQQ to the chromophores isolated from methylamine dehydrogenase and copper containing amineoxidases wasalso indicated.
A finite-state approach to machine translation (2001)

The problem of machine translation can be viewed as consisting of two subproblems (a) Lexical Selection and (b) Lexical Reordering. We propose stochastic finite-state models for these two subproblems in this paper. Stochastic finite-state models are efficiently learnable from data, effective for decoding and are associated with a calculus for composing models which allows for tight integration of constraints from various levels of language processing. We present a method for learning stochastic finite-state models for lexical choice and lexical reordering that are trained automatically from pairs of source and target utterances. We use this method to develop models for English-Japanese translation and present the performance of these models for translation on speech and text. We also evaluate the efficacy of such a translation model in the context of a call routing task of unconstrained speech utterances.
Epitope Analysis of the Human Thyrotropin (TSH) Receptor Using Monoclonal Antibodies (2000)

A panel of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), produced using highly purified Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-produced TSHR, has been used to study TSHR structure. All 41 mAbs recognized full-length TSHR containing complex carbohydrate (120 kDa), and 40 mAbs recognized full-length precursor-containing high mannose sugars (100 kDa). The mAbs also recognized TSHR cleavage products with three types of reactivity: type 1 mAbs reacting with bands at 70 kDa and 58 kDa, type 2 with bands at 70 kDa and 52 kDa, and type 3 with bands at 52 kDa and 40 kDa. Deglycosylation studies showed that the 70-kDa and 58-kDa bands contained complex carbohydrate, whereas the 52-kDa and 40-kDa bands were unglycosylated. These results are consistent with TSHR cleavage occurring at two sites. Cleavage at both sites gives rise to glycosylated A subunit (58 kDa) corresponding to the extracellular domain of the receptor and nonglycosylated B subunit (40 kDa) corresponding to the C-terminal transmembrane domain. Cleavage only at site 1 gives rise to the 58-kDa A subunit and a large B subunit (52 kDa). Cleavage only at site 2 gives rise to a large A subunit (70 kDa) and the B subunit (40 kDa). Four of the mAbs inhibited 125I-labeled TSH binding to solubilized full-length TSHR. TSH binding was inhibited by (a) two type 3 mAbs reactive with the N-terminal region of the B subunit (epitopes between amino acids 381 and 385 and between 380 and 418, respectively) and (b) two type 2 mAbs reactive with epitopes on the A subunit (between amino acids 246 and 260). These results together with previous studies on the direct binding of TSH to the TSHR A subunit suggest that at least two distinct regions of the TSHR sequence, including one region on the A subunit and one region on the B subunit, fold together to form part of a complex TSH binding site.
Effect of formation and state of interface on joint strength in friction stir spot welding for advanced high strength steel sheets (2014)

The tensile shear strength and cross tension strength of friction stir spot welded joints were evaluated in the cases of lap joints of 270 N/mm2 grade and 980 N/mm2 grade cold rolled steel sheets with respect to the stir zone area, hardness distribution, and interface condition between the sheets. The results suggested that both the tensile shear strength and cross tension strength were based on the stir zone area and its hardness in both grades of steel. The "hook" shape of the interface also affected the joint strength. However, the joining that occurred across the interfaces had a significant influence on the value of the joint strength in the case of the 270 N/mm2 grade steel.
Crawl ordering by search impact (2008)

We study how to prioritize the fetching of new pages under the objective of maximizing the quality of search results. In particular, our objective is to fetch new pages that have the most impact, where the impact of a page is equal to the number of times the page appears in the top K search results for queries, for some constant K, e.g., K = 10. Since the impact of a page depends on its relevance score for queries, which in turn depends on the page content, the main difficulty lies in estimating the impact of the page before actually fetching it. Hence, impact must be estimated based on the limited information that is available prior to fetching page content, e.g., the URL string, number of in-links, referring anchortext
Solid polymer electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. Final report (1992)

SRI International has synthesized and tested new, dimensionally stable polymer electrolytes for high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries. We have prepared semi-interpenetrating networks of sulfur-substituted polyethyleneoxide with tetmethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The in situ hydrolysis of TEOS produces a mechanically stable three-dimensional network that entangles the polymer electrolytes and makes the film dimensionally flexible and stable. With this approach, the best dimensionally stable polymer electrolyte of this type produced so far, has a room temperature lithium ion conductivity of 7.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} S cm{sup {minus}1}. Another type of solid polymer electrolytes, polydiacetylene-based single-ion conductors with high room temperature proton conductivity were also developed. The best conductivity of these polymers is two orders of magnitude higher than that of Nafion under comparable experimental conditions. With further appropriate chemical modification, the new polymers could be used in fuel cells.
Scalable Platform for Structured and Hybrid Soft Nanocolloids by Continuous Precipitation in a Confined Environment (2017)

Geometrically structured polymer nanocolloids, including Janus nanocolloids, have been widely investigated for their unique properties, which are derived from their anisotropy. Controlled surface decoration with inorganic nanoparticles could induce another level of functionality into structured nanocolloids that could enable applications in fields ranging from rewriteable electronics to biphasic catalysis. Here, we demonstrate flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) as a one-step, scalable process platform for manufacturing hybrid polymer-inorganic nanocolloids in which one phase is selectively decorated with a metal nanocatalyst by tuning the molecular interactions between the feed ingredients during the process. For instance, by modifying the polymer end-group functionality, we document the ability to tune the location of the metal nanocatalyst, including placement at the nanocolloid circumference. Moreover, the addition of molecular additives is shown to transform the Janus nanocolloid structure from spherical to dumbbell or snowman while maintaining the ability to control the nanocatalyst location. In considering the flexibility and continuous nature of the FNP process, it offers an industrial-scale platform for the manufacturing of nanomaterials that are anticipated to impact many technologies.
A Smart Photochromophore through Synergistic Coupling of Photochromic Subunits (2002)

The novel bis-naphthopyran 1 displays optical properties that are unique, differing substantively from a simple first-order superimposition of the monomeric constituents. Such a photochromophore has great promise for the development of smart optical devices.
Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of a Unique Class of HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitors (2005)

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for viral replication and a validated target for the development of drugs against AIDS. Currently there are no approved drugs that target IN. However, new IN inhibitors are under clinical investigation. As more IN inhibitors enter human drug trials, there is a growing need for the design of novel lead compounds with diverse structural scaffolds and promising pharmacokinetic properties to counteract the difficulties observed with first-generation IN inhibitors. We have identified a novel class of IN inhibitors through the systematic exploration of structure-activity relationships in a series of linomide analogues. The predicted bound conformation of the most active analogues inside the IN active site also supports the observed structure-activity correlation in this new compound class.
Call blocking performance of distributed algorithms for dynamic channel allocation in microcells (1994)

We determine the call blocking performance of channel-allocation algorithms where every channel is available for use in every cell and where decisions are made by mobiles/portables based only on local observations. Using a novel Erlang-B approximation method, together with simulation, we demonstrate that even the simplest algorithm, the timid, compares favorably with impractical, centrally administered fixed channel allocation. Our results suggest that an aggressive algorithm, that is, one requiring call reconfigurations, could provide a substantially reduced blocking probability. We also present some algorithms which take major steps toward achieving the excellent blocking performance of the hypothetical aggressive algorithm but having the stability of the timid algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-Stage Filter-Bank System for Improved Single-Channel Noise Reduction in Hearing Aids (2014)

The filter-bank system implemented in hearing aids has to fulfill various constraints such as low latency and high stop-band attenuation, usually at the cost of low frequency resolution. In the context of frequency-domain noise-reduction algorithms, insufficient frequency resolution may lead to annoying residual noise artifacts since the spectral harmonics of the speech cannot properly be resolved. Especially in case of female speech signals, the noise between the spectral harmonics causes a distinct roughness of the processed signals. Therefore, this work proposes a two-stage filter-bank system, such that the frequency resolution can be improved for the purpose of noise reduction, while the original first-stage hearing-aid filter-bank system can still be used for compression and amplification. We also propose methods to implement the second filter-bank stage with little additional algorithmic delay. Furthermore, the computational complexity is an important design criterion. This finally leads to an application of the second filter-bank stage to lower frequency bands only, resulting in the ability to resolve the harmonics of speech. The paper presents a systematic description of the second filter-bank stage, discusses its influence on the processed signals in detail and further presents the results of a listening test which indicates the improved performance compared to the original single-stage filter-bank system.
Advances in CW cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1998)

Summary form only given. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a very sensitive, quantitative technique for measuring concentrations of weakly absorbing gas species. In CRDS, a high-finesse cavity is filled with radiation; the exciting radiation is then extinguished. The exponential decay time of the light leaking out of the cavity is measured, revealing the resonator losses, including those caused by absorbing species inside the cavity. Single-mode CW lasers can be efficiently coupled into such cavities. Measuring the ring-down time as the laser is tuned reveals a high-resolution spectrum of any absorbing species. Typical absorption sensitivities are below 10/sup -9/ cm/sup -1/. Recently, we servo-locked the laser and cavity frequencies to maximize the coupling efficiency. The difference in the mode structures for s- and p-polarized light in a three-mirror ring resonator (TMRR) facilitates CW locking without interfering with the modulation required for ring down. These TMRRs have two sets of TEM/sub 00/ modes (one for each polarization), offset from one another. The p-polarization resonator has a relatively low finesse, and its TEM/sub 00/ mode can be servo-locked to the laser frequency. An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) shifts the frequency of the light exciting the corresponding high-finesse s-polarized TEM/sub 00/ mode used for ring down.
Reacting coal. [9 claims] (1977)

A description is presented of an apparatus and a method for reacting coal with hydrogen to provide hydrocarbon products. In a container having an anode and a cathode spaced therefrom, an electric potential about 200 to 1000 volts more positive than the potential at the cathode is applied to the anode to provide an electric arc at a current density of about 0.01 to 100 amperes per square centimeter in a reaction zone between them comprising hydrogen at a pressure of about 10 to 500 millimeters of mercury, and thus to maintain a plasma therein. A magnetic field of about 100 to 1000 gauss is provided approximately perpendicular to the arc. Hydrogen is directed into contact with the anode (as through passages therein) and from there into the reaction zone to ionize a substantial portion of the hydrogen positively, while coal is directed either in a slurry or as a fine powder, into contact with the cathode (as through passages therein) and from there into the reaction zone to charge a substantial portion of the coal with a negative potential. The materials as ionized are reacted, whereby the free energy decrease for each reaction at a given temperature is greatermore » than that for molecular hydrogen, and the hydrocarbon products are withdrawn from the reaction zone. The potential difference, current density, pressure, and magnetic field intensity are maintained at values such as to provide a temperature of about 500 to 6000/sup 0/K in the reaction zone. 9 claims, 4 figures.« less
Retroposition in a Family of Carcinoma-Associated Antigen Genes (1993)

The gene encoding the carcinoma-associated antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody GA733 is a member of a family of at least two type I membrane proteins. This study describes the mechanism of evolution of the GA733-1 and GA733-2 genes. A full-length cDNA clone for GA733-1 was obtained by screening a human placental library with a genomic DNA probe. Comparative analysis of the cDNA sequence with the previously determined genomic sequence confirmed that GA733-1 is an intronless gene. The GA733-2 gene encoding the monoclonal antibody-defined antigen was molecularly cloned with a cDNA probe and partially sequenced. Comparison of GA733-2 gene sequences with the previously established cDNA sequence revealed that this gene consists of nine exons. The putative promoter regions of the GA733-1 and GA733-2 genes are unrelated. These findings suggest that the GA733-1 gene was formed by the retroposition of the GA733-2 gene via an mRNA intermediate. Prior to retroposition, the GA733-2 gene had been affected by exon shuffling. Analysis of GA733-2 exons revealed that many delineate structural motifs. The GA733-1 retroposon was localized either to chromosome region 1p32-1p31 or to 1p13-1q12, and the GA733-2 founder gene was localized to chromosome 4q.
Improved Reading Gate For Vertical-Bloch-Line Memory (1994)

Improved design for reading gate of vertical-Bloch-line magnetic-bubble memory increases reliability of discrimination between binary ones and zeros. Magnetic bubbles that signify binary 1 and 0 produced by applying sufficiently large chopping currents to memory stripes. Bubbles then propagated differentially in bubble sorter. Method of discriminating between ones and zeros more reliable.
Highly nonlinear solitary wave propagation in Y-shaped granular crystals with variable branch angles (2012)

We study the propagation of highly nonlinear waves in a branched (Y-shaped) granular crystal composed of chains of spherical particles of different materials, arranged at variable branch angles. We experimentally test the dynamic behavior of a solitary pulse, or of a train of solitary waves, crossing the Y-junction interface, and splitting between the two branches. We describe the dependence of the split pulses' speed and amplitude on the branch angles. Analytic predictions based on the quasiparticle model and numerical simulations based on Hertzian interactions between the particles are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Label-free high-resolution imaging of live cells with deconvolved spatial light interference microscopy (2010)

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is a powerful new quantitative phase optical imaging technique that can be used for studying live cells without the need for exogenous contrast agents. This paper proposes a novel deconvolution-based approach to reconstructing SLIM data, which dramatically improves the visual quality of the images. The proposed deconvolution formulation is tailored to the physics of SLIM imaging of biological samples, and a new fast algorithm is designed for computationally-efficient image reconstruction in this setting. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that deconvolution can reduce the width of the point-spread function by at least 20%, and can significantly improve the contrast of high-resolution features. Temporally-resolved SLIM imaging with the high spatial resolution enabled by deconvolution provides new opportunities for studying the dynamics of cellular and sub-cellular processes.
Macular pigment Raman detector for clinical applications (2004)

Clinical studies of carotenoid macular pigments (MP) have been limited by the lack of noninvasive, objective instruments. We introduce a novel noninvasive optical instrument, an MP Raman detector, for assessment of the carotenoid status of the human retina in vivo. The instrument uses resonant excitation of carotenoid molecules in the visible wavelength range, and quantitatively measures the highly specific Raman signals that originate from the single- and double-bond stretch vibrations of the pi-conjugated carotenoid molecule's carbon backbone. The instrument is a robust, compact device and suitable for routine measurements of MP concentrations in a clinical setting. We characterized and tested the instrument in clinical studies of human subjects to validate its function and to begin to establish its role as a possible screening test for macular pathologies. We also show that the MP Raman spectroscopy technology has potential as a novel, highly specific method for rapid screening of carotenoid antioxidant levels in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness of the elderly in the developed world.