gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightweight document matching for help-desk applications (2000)

For decades, researchers have been working on ways to process text for classification and queries by relevant document retrieval. The authors describe a method that uses minimal data structures and lightweight algorithms to match new documents to those stored in a database. It is a completely automated Java based document matcher that accepts an unlimited-length textural structure as input and employs a fast matching algorithm to produce, like a search engine, a ranked list of relevant documents.
Energy-efficient cache design using variable-strength error-correcting codes (2011)

Voltage scaling is one of the most effective mechanisms to improve microprocessors' energy efficiency. However, processors cannot operate reliably below a minimum voltage, Vccmin, since hardware structures may fail. Cell failures in large memory arrays (e.g., caches) typically determine Vccmin for the whole processor. We observe that most cache lines exhibit zero or one failures at low voltages. However, a few lines, especially in large caches, exhibit multi-bit failures and increase Vccmin. Previous solutions either significantly reduce cache capacity to enable uniform error correction across all lines, or significantly increase latency and bandwidth overheads when amortizing the cost of error-correcting codes (ECC) over large lines.
Reliability study and failure analysis of fine pitch solder bumped flip chip on low-cost printed circuit board substrate (2002)

The design and proper selection of low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) is essential to the reliability and formation of solder joints for the fine-pitch solder-bumped flip-chip on board (FCOB) technology. By nature low-cost PCBs don't have the precision in patterns like the fine-pitch solder-bumped flip-chip technology. In this study, eutectic solder bumps (63Sn/37Pb) were electroplated on the test-chips with various pad pitches and chip sizes. Several types of low-cost PCB designs were evaluated for the fine-pitch solder-bumped flip-chip. The effects of different PCB designs on the formation and shapes of solder joints were studied. The location and formation of voids in the underfill depend on the design and properties of the PCB. The alignment accuracy of the solder mask opening area and the copper pad on the PCB is very critical for the reliability of FCOB technology. The acceptable mis-registration on the low-cost PCB decreases as the chip size increases. Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), X-ray imaging system, cross-sectioning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate and inspect the samples after the thermal cycling test and temperature-humidity test. The solder joint failure modes after thermal tests were studied.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Mapping and Alignment of Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines in Barley (2011)

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is useful for assessing genetic variation in germplasm collections, genetic map development and detection of alien chromosome substitutions. In this study, a diversity analysis using 1,301 SNPs on a set of 37 barley accessions was conducted. This analysis showed a high polymorphism rate between the malting barley cultivar 'Haruna Nijo' and the food barley cultivar 'Akashinriki'. Haruna Nijo and Akashinriki are donors of the barley expressed sequence tag (EST) collections. A doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between Haruna Nijo and Akashinriki was genotyped with 1,448 SNPs. Of these 1,448 SNPs, 734 were polymorphic and distributed on barley linkage groups (chromosomes) as follows: 1H (86), 2H (125), 3H (120), 4H (100), 5H (127), 6H (88) and 7H (88). By using cMAP, we integrated the SNP markers across high-density maps. The SNPs were also used to genotype 98 BC(3)F(4) recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) developed from the same cross (Haruna Nijo/Akashinriki). These data were used to create graphical genotypes for each line and thus estimate the location, extent and total number of introgressions from Akashinriki in the Haruna Nijo background. The 35 selected RCSLs sample most of the Akashinriki food barley genome, with only a few missing segments. These resources bring new alleles into the malting barley gene pool from food barley.
A Simple Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer of New Type (1975)

A new ion optical system is proposed for a simple double focusing mass spectrometer. The apparatus consists of a parallel plane condenser, a doublet electrostatic Q lens and a simple homogeneous magnet having pole pieces of rectangular shape.(γm=30cm, φm=30°, ε′=ε″=15°). A weak magnetic field(∼5000 gauss)is sufficient to analyze ions of A∼1000 because γm is large. Stigmatic double focusing is obtained by the doublet Q lens and the plane condenser. The adjustment of the energy focusing as well as the directional focusing can be achieved by changing potentials on the electrodes of two Q lenses. Therefore, no mechanical adjustment is necessary at all. Several examples of suitable parameters are shown, and the method of the electrical focus adj ustment is explained. The second order focusing character is also described.
A new scanning heterodyne interferometer scheme for mapping both surface structure and effective local reflection coefficient (2008)

A new scanning microscope scheme which can map both phase and amplitude change of the probe beam is introduced. We will show that the true surface structure can be imaged by using the results of phase measurements while the amplitude image represents the map of the magnitude of the effective local reflection coefficient (ELRC). Relation between the surface structure and the ELRC is discussed. Spatial resolution is 0.67 microm which is limited by diffraction and the precision for measuring point-to-point variation of the average height of the surface structure is a few nanometers. Potential of this microscopy on surface diagnostics is discussed.
Thermal analysis of a novel dual-stator 6/4 flux-switching permanent magnet machine (2017)

This paper presents a thermal study of a novel highspeed dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine. The novel dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine is developed to provide a viable solution for low pole FSPM machines at high speed conditions. However, the highspeed machine generates losses and the heat dissipation is crucial in keeping the performance of the electric machine. In this paper, the thermal aspects of the design are investigated. Critical thermal model issue such as anisotropic thermal conductivity, contact thermal resistance are discussed. The lumped-parameter thermal network (LPTN) model of this machine is first developed for preliminary studies. Then finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to obtain more accurate results. With different cooling methods applied, FEA results verified that this proposed machine maintains a safe temperature range under the rated condition. The analytical method discussed in this paper is applicable to other types of FSPM machine where the main heat source is located in the stator.
Generation of Kerr Frequency Combs in Resonators with Normal GVD (2011)

We show via numerical simulation that Kerr frequency combs can be generated in a nonlinear resonator characterized with normal group velocity dispersion (GVD). We find the spectral shape of the comb and temporal envelope of the corresponding optical pulses formed in the resonator.
Development of Novel Emulsified Acid using Waste Oil (2015)

Summary Results showed the potential use of waste oil to prepare high temperature emulsified acid (up to 300°F). The rheological data confirms the stability of the new emulsified formulation at higher temperature. This paper summarizes the findings of using waste oil emulsion and recommends it for field applications. The newly proposed emulsified acid introduces waste oil as replacement of diesel.
A direct mechanistic link between growth control and a tumor cell immune function: increased interleukin-8 secretion accounts for elimination of Oct-1 antisense transformants from scid mice. (2006)

These results may help resolve the conundrum of why growth control de-regulation alone is not enough for tumorigenicity. The results also support the conclusion that the molecular mechanisms of growth control de-regulation and tumor cell immune functions are directly linked.
FUSION: A Tool for Facilitating and Augmenting Android Bug Reporting (2018)

As the popularity of mobile smart devices continues to climb the complexity of "apps" continues to increase, making the development and maintenance process challenging. Current bug tracking systems lack key features to effectively support construction of reports with actionable information that directly lead to a bug's resolution. In this demo we present the implementation of a novel bug reporting system, called Fusion, that facilitates users including reproduction steps in bug reports for mobile apps. Fusion links user-provided information to program artifacts extracted through static and dynamic analysis performed before testing or release. Results of preliminary studies demonstrate that Fusion both effectively facilitates reporting and allows for more reliable reproduction of bugs from reports compared to traditional issue tracking systems by presenting more detailed contextual app information. Tool website: www.fusion-android. com Video url: https://youtu.be/AND9h0ElxRg
MGV: a system for visualizing massive multidigraphs (2002)

Describes MGV (Massive Graph Visualizer), an integrated visualization and exploration system for massive multidigraph navigation. It adheres to the visual information-seeking mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. MGV's only assumption is that the vertex set of the underlying digraph corresponds to the set of leaves of a pre-determined tree T. MGV builds an out-of-core graph hierarchy and provides mechanisms to plug in arbitrary visual representations for each graph hierarchy slice. Navigation from one level to another of the hierarchy corresponds to the implementation of a drill-down interface. In order to provide the user with navigation control and interactive response, MGV incorporates a number of visualization techniques like interactive pixel-oriented 2D and 3D maps, statistical displays, color maps, multi-linked views and a zoomable label-based interface. This makes the association of geographic information and graph data very natural. To automate the creation of the vertex set hierarchy for MGV, we use the notion of graph sketches. They can be thought of as visual indices that guide the navigation of a multigraph too large to fit on the available display. MGV follows the client-server paradigm and it is implemented in C and Java-3D. We highlight the main algorithmic and visualization techniques behind the tools and, along the way, point out several possible application scenarios. Our techniques are being applied to multigraphs defined on vertex sets with sizes ranging from 100 million to 250 million vertices.
Engineered Cardiac Pacemaker Nodes Created by TBX18 Gene Transfer Overcome Source–Sink Mismatch (2019)

Every heartbeat originates from a tiny tissue in the heart called the sinoatrial node (SAN). The SAN harbors only ≈10 000 cardiac pacemaker cells, initiating an electrical impulse that captures the entire heart, consisting of billions of cardiomyocytes for each cardiac contraction. How these rare cardiac pacemaker cells (the electrical source) can overcome the electrically hyperpolarizing and quiescent myocardium (the electrical sink) is incompletely understood. Due to the scarcity of native pacemaker cells, this concept of source-sink mismatch cannot be tested directly with live cardiac tissue constructs. By exploiting TBX18 induced pacemaker cells by somatic gene transfer, 3D cardiac pacemaker spheroids can be tissue-engineered. The TBX18 induced pacemakers (sphTBX18) pace autonomously and drive the contraction of neighboring myocardium in vitro. TBX18 spheroids demonstrate the need for reduced electrical coupling and physical separation from the neighboring ventricular myocytes, successfully recapitulating a key design principle of the native SAN. β-Adrenergic stimulation as well as electrical uncoupling significantly increase sphTBX18s' ability to pace-and-drive the neighboring myocardium. This model represents the first platform to test design principles of the SAN for mechanistic understanding and to better engineer biological pacemakers for therapeutic translation.
SlimUpdate: Minimal Routing Update for Performance-Based Reconfigurations in Fat-Trees (2015)

As the size of high-performance computing systems grows, the number of events requiring a network reconfiguration, as well as the complexity of each reconfiguration, is likely to increase. In large systems, the probability of component failure is high. At the same time, with more network components, ensuring high utilization of network resources becomes challenging. Reconfiguration in interconnection networks, like InfiniBand (IB), typically involves computation and distribution of a new set of routes in order to maintain connectivity and performance. In general, current routing algorithms do not consider the existing routes in a network when calculating new ones. Such configuration-oblivious routing might result in substantial modifications to the existing paths, and the reconfiguration becomes costly as it potentially involves a large number of source-destination pairs. In this paper, we propose a novel routing algorithm for IB based fat-tree topologies, SlimUpdate. SlimUpdate employs techniques to preserve existing forwarding entries in switches to ensure a minimal routing update, without any performance penalty, and with minimal computational overhead. We present an implementation of SlimUpdate in OpenSM, and compare it with the current de facto fat-tree routing algorithm. Our experiments and simulations show a decrease of up to 80% in the number of total path modifications when using SlimUpdate routing, while achieving similar or even better performance than the fat-tree routing in most reconfiguration scenarios.
Cloning of cDNAs Encoding the Variable Domains of Antibody BrE-3 and Construction of a Chimeric Antibody (1993)

BrE-3 is an IgG1,κ murine monoclonal antibody that binds to human breast epithelial mucin and that has been shown to be promising for imaging and treatment of breast cancer. We have cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding the variable regions of the light (VL) and heavy (VH) chains of BrE-3. VL belongs to group II and resulted from a Vκ-Jκ1 fusion. VH belongs to group IIIc and arose from a V-D-JH3 non-conservative fusion which left little or nothing of the original D minigene. Thus, the third VH CDR contains only 4 amino-acids. We constructed an IgG1,κ human/mouse chimeric antibody (by joining the murine variable domains to human constant domains) and expressed it in SP2/0 myeloma cells. This chimeric monoclonal antibody stains breast carcinoma tissue sections by the ABC immunoperoxidase method. Its affinity for the BrE-3 antigen is 2.68x108 M-1, which, considering the experimental error, is indistinguishable from the affinity of the original murine antibody (3.75x108 M-1). The VL and VH domains alone are respectively 73%, and 63% identical to the human VKII and VHIII consensus sequences. If the CDRs are excluded, these numbers become respectively 82% and 80%. Therefore, we expect the reported chimeric BrE-3 to be considerably less immunogenic to humans than the original murine antibody, while retaining the original binding properties.
Three-dimensional image registration for spiral CT angiography (1994)

This paper presents a 3D image registration approach to 3D CT angiography (CTA). We extend the interest operator from 2D to 3D in order to extract 3D feature points and develop a 3D image flow algorithm to find matches of feature points between the mask and the contrast data sets. A robust 3D motion estimation algorithm is also developed which handles outliers up to 50% of all computed image flow vectors. The subtracted volume after motion correction is rendered on the display. The proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to a clinical CTA data set and the result is very promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Potassium Citrate as Potassium Supplement During Thiazide Therapy of Calcium Nephrolithiasis (1984)

The effectiveness of potassium citrate as a potassium supplement was compared to that of potassium chloride in 13 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis treated with thiazide. Thiazide treatment alone reduced serum potassium, urinary calcium and citrate without affecting urinary pH. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and brushite decreased but not as much as the decrement in urinary calcium because of reduced citrate-calcium complexation. Potassium chloride supplementation averted thiazide-induced hypokalemia and hypocitraturia without influencing hypocalciuric action of thiazide or urinary pH. The decline in urinary saturation of calcium salts paralleled the decrement in urinary calcium. Potassium citrate supplementation also kept urinary calcium low and corrected hypokalemia. Moreover, it increased urinary pH and citrate above levels in other phases. Thus, the ability of thiazide to lower the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate was accentuated by potassium citrate supplementation but not by potassium chloride supplementation, probably owing to increased citrate complexation of calcium. Moreover, the potassium citrate therapy was more effective than potassium chloride supplementation in reducing the propensity for the spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in urine. In conclusion, potassium citrate supplementation may be superior to potassium chloride supplementation in patients receiving thiazide in whom stones form.
DIVA: A DIstributed & dynamic VP management Algorithm (1997)

The concept of preestablishing Virtual Path Connections (VPCs) in ATM networks offers a number of advantages, such as simplified on-demand connection setup and fault management. However, preallocation of bandwidth resources to VPCs minimizes resource sharing and leads to poor resource utilization. This is especially true if the VPC bandwidth allocations are computed allowing for some uncertainty in traffic characterization. In this paper, we propose DIVA, an algorithm for distributed and dynamic VPC bandwidth management. DIVA alleviates the problem of poor VPC resource utilization by dynamically adjusting VPC bandwidth allocations, thus minimizing the effect of traffic uncertainty. This algorithm is proposed for hierarchical networks based on the ATM Forum’s PNNI routing standard. Using hooks provided by PNNI routing, network nodes monitor VPC bandwidth usage, make dynamic VPC bandwidth/buffer modifications, and set up and remove VPCs dynamically. This algorithm also handles the additions and failures of network elements such as links and switches.
Discovery of a Highly Selective MC1R Agonists Pentapeptide to Be Used as a Skin Pigmentation Enhancer and with Potential Anti-Aging Properties (2019)

One of the first lines of cutaneous defense against photoaging is a) the synthesis of melanin and b) the initiation of an oxidative stress response to protect skin against the harmful effects of solar radiation. Safe and selective means to stimulate epidermal pigmentation associated with oxidative stress defense are; however, scarce. Activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on epidermal melanocytes represents a key step in cutaneous pigmentation initiation and, additionally, it regulates cellular defense mechanisms like oxidative stress and DNA-repair. Thus, making the activation of MC1R an attractive strategy for modulating skin pigmentation and oxidative stress. In this context, we designed and synthesized pentapeptides that act as MC1R agonists. These peptides bound, with high potency, to MC1R and activated cAMP synthesis in CHO cells expressing human MC1R. Using one lead pentapeptide, we could show that this activation of MC1R was specific as testing the activation of other G-protein coupled receptors, including the MC-receptor family, was negative. In vitro efficacy on mouse melanoma cells showed similar potency as for the synthetic MC1R agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-alpha-MSH). Moreover, we could reproduce this activity in human skin tissue culture. The lead pentapeptide was able to induce ex-vivo protein expression of key melanogenesis markers melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1). Concerning oxidative stress response, we found that the pentapeptide enhanced the activation of Nrf2 after UVA-irradiation. Our results make this pentapeptide an ideal candidate as a skin pigmentation enhancer that mimics alpha-MSH and may also have anti-photoaging effects on the skin.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on resonant phonon scattering for depopulation (2003)

We report our development of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), in which the depopulation of the lower radiative level is achieved through resonant longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering. This depopulation mechanism, similar to that implemented in all the QCLs operating at mid-infrared frequencies, is robust at high temperatures and high injection levels. The unique feature of resonant LO-phonon scattering in our THz QCL structures allows a highly selective depopulation of the lower radiative level with a sub-picosecond lifetime, while maintaining a relatively long upper level lifetime (more than 5 ps) that is due to upper-to-ground-state scattering. The first QCL based on this mechanism achieved lasing at 3.4 THz (lambda approximately 87 microm) up to 87 K for pulsed operations, with peak power levels exceeding 10 mW at ca. 40 K. Using a novel double-sided metal waveguide for mode confinement, which yields a unity mode confinement factor and therefore a low total cavity loss at THz frequencies, we have also achieved lasing at wavelengths longer than 100 microm.
An architecture for virtual solution composition and deployment in infrastructure clouds (2009)

The combination of virtual server technology and the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) approach to utility computing promises to revolutionize the way in which distributed software services are deployed. Server virtualization technology can be used to capture complete reusable software stacks, shifting the complexity of middleware installation and configuration from deployment to packaging. IaaS clouds provide a set of interfaces for controlling virtual machines and configuring their hardware and network environment, substantially reducing the complexity of service provisioning. In this paper we identify and tackle a few of the remaining challenges in fulfilling the promise of radical simplification of distributed software service composition and deployment. We propose an approach and architecture for composition and deployment of virtual software services in cloud environments. We introduce a virtual appliance model which treats virtual images as building blocks for composite solutions. Virtual appliances use a port abstraction to negotiate their communication parameters. A solution architect creates a virtual solution model by composing virtual appliances and defining requirements on the environment in a cloud-independent manner. The virtual solution model is transformed to a cloud-specific virtual solution deployment model used to generate a parameterized deployment plan that can be executed by an unskilled user. We validated our approach through a prototype implementation demonstrating flexible composition and automated deployment in our local lab virtualization infrastructure and in Amazon EC2.