gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the statistical properties of phase noise in Fractional-N frequency synthesizers using successive requantizers (2016)

The noise-shaping quantizer is commonly used in Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizers to provide a control signal to the feedback divider with a fractional mean component and high-pass spectral properties. The Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (DΔΣM) is typically used to carry out this function. Unfortunately, divide ratio modulation is a significant component of the PLL phase noise, in particular due to interactions between modulation-induced phase noise and nonlinear loop dynamics. A recently proposed modulator, named the Successive Requantizer, claims to offer better spurious component and phase noise performance compared to the traditional DΔΣM, while offering similar noise-shaping properties. This paper describes a method of deriving the statistical properties of both the modulated control signal and the corresponding phase noise, for given state transition matrices. Convergence of the noise PMF is also described.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> α toxin potentiates opportunistic bacterial lung infections (2016)

Broad-spectrum antibiotic use may adversely affect a patient's beneficial microbiome and fuel cross-species spread of drug resistance. Although alternative pathogen-specific approaches are rationally justified, a major concern for this precision medicine strategy is that co-colonizing or co-infecting opportunistic bacteria may still cause serious disease. In a mixed-pathogen lung infection model, we find that the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor α toxin potentiates Gram-negative bacterial proliferation, systemic spread, and lethality by preventing acidification of bacteria-containing macrophage phagosomes, thereby reducing effective killing of both S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria. Prophylaxis or early treatment with a single α toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody prevented proliferation of co-infecting Gram-negative pathogens and lethality while also promoting S. aureus clearance. These studies suggest that some pathogen-specific, antibody-based approaches may also work to reduce infection risk in patients colonized or co-infected with S. aureus and disparate drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial opportunists.
Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 Enhances Coagulation and Diminishes Fibrinolytic Vulnerability in Diluted Plasma In Vitro (2010)

CORM-2 exposure attenuated the decrease in coagulation kinetics and enhancement of fibrinolytic vulnerability associated with hemodilution. Extensive preclinical investigation remains to be performed to determine the route of administration, safety, and efficacy of CORM-2 and other CORMs to treat trauma-associated bleeding.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Distinguish Postmortem-Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease from Other Dementias and Healthy Controls in the OPTIMA Cohort (2015)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau have been studied as markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Combined Aβ42 and t-tau distinguishes AD from healthy controls with a sensitivity and specificity (sens/spec) near 89% across studies. This study examined these markers in the homogeneous OPTIMA cohort, using extensive longitudinal follow up and postmortem evaluation to confirm clinicopathological status. Baseline CSF was analyzed from 227 participants with AD (97% autopsy-confirmed), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 73% confirmed), other dementia syndrome (ODS; 100% confirmed), and controls (CTL; 27% confirmed, follow up approximately 9-13 years). Biomarker concentrations were analyzed using validated ELISAs. AD patients had lower CSF Aβ42 and higher t-tau, p-tau, t-tau/Aβ42, and t-tau/Aβ40 compared to CTLs, with MCI intermediate. CTL and MCI participants who progressed to AD demonstrated more AD-like profiles. Aβ40, sAβPPα, and sAβPPβ were lower in AD compared to CTL. High-level discriminators of AD from CTL were t-tau/Aβ40 (AUROC 0.986, sens/spec of 92%/94%), p-tau/Aβ42 (AUROC 0.972, sens/spec of 94%/90%), and Aβ42 (AUROC 0.941, sens/spec of 88%). For discriminating AD from ODS, p-tau/Aβ42 demonstrated sens/spec of 88%/100% (95%/86% at the AD versus CTL cutoff) and Aβ42 demonstrated sens/spec of 84%/100% (88%/100% at the AD versus CTL cutoff). In a well-characterized, homogeneous population, a single cutoff for baseline CSF Aβ and tau markers can distinguish AD with a high level of sens/spec compared to other studies. It may be important to characterize sources of demographic and biological variability to support the effective use of CSF diagnostic assays in the broader AD population.
Fabrication of stable wide-band-gap ZnO/MgO multilayer thin films (2003)

We report the fabrication of stable wide-band-gap (∼6 eV) ZnO/MgO multilayer thin films using pulsed-laser deposition on c-plane Al2O3 substrates. The thickness of ZnO layers was varied in the range of 0.75–2.5 nm inside the MgO host with a constant MgO thickness of 1 nm. With a decrease in the thickness of ZnO sublayers, abrupt structural transition from hexagonal to cubic phase was observed. The band gap of the films was found to be influenced by the crystalline structure of multilayer stacks. Thin films with hexagonal and cubic structure exhibited band-gap values of 3.5 and 6 eV, respectively. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the Mg content of the films was about 40% and 60% in the hexagonal and cubic phases, respectively. Annealing at 750 °C did not influence the structural and optical properties of the ZnO/MgO multilayers.
High CW power 0.8 μm-band Al-free active-region diode lasers (2002)

100 /spl mu/m-wide stripe, Al-free, uncoated, 0.83 /spl mu/m diode lasers provide 4.7 W CW maximum output power and 45% maximum CW wallplug efficiency at T=20/spl deg/C. The active region consists of a 150 /spl Aring/ In/sub 0.09/Ga/sub 0.91/As/sub 0.8/Pb/sub 0.2/ quantum well surrounded by 0.4 /spl mu/m In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/P confining layers and 1.5 /spl mu/m In/sub 0.5/(Ga/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/)P cladding layers. For 1 mm-long devices, we obtain threshold-current densities as low as 220 A/cm/sup 2/ and threshold-current characteristic temperature, T/sub 0/, as high as 160 K.
Photothermal measurements using a localized excitation source (1981)

Optical-beam deflection (OBD) photothermal imaging uses spatially localized excitation to observe spatial variations in the sample surface temperature. This paper analyzes OBD signals produced by localized excitation in terms of three-dimensional thermal diffusion in the sample and in the fluid region in contact with the sample. The dependence of the signals on the local optical absorption coefficient, on gas/sample thermal properties, on modulation frequency, and on the probe/excitation beam radii are discussed with special attention being given to determining the spatial resolution possible for OBD imaging. A criterion for photothermal ’’saturation’’ appropriate to localized optical absorption is developed. Finally, a new variant of the OBD technique is introduced, which is especially adapted to studying optical and thermal boundaries in the plane of the sample. Some comparisons between theory and experiment are provided which illustrate transverse thermal diffusion.
A new instrument for measuring both the magnitude and angle of low level linear birefringence (1999)

This article describes a sensitive method for measuring both the magnitude and the angle of the fast axis of low level linear birefringence in optical materials. Several different approaches have been investigated and one of them has been chosen as the basis for a linear birefringence measurement instrument. The instrument employs a low birefringence photoelastic modulator for modulating the polarization states of a He–Ne laser beam. After the modulated laser beam passes through the sample, two detecting channels analyze the polarization change caused by the sample. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the magnitude and angle of the retardance in a sample. A computer program implements the algorithm and displays the calculated values. Using this instrument, selected samples with different levels of linear birefringence have been studied. The resulting instrument achieves high precision and sensitivity for the final measurements. The sensitivity of the magnitude of linear birefringence is better than 0.005 nm (∼0.003 ° with a He–Ne laser at 632.8 nm), and the sensitivity of the fast axis angle of the sample is &lt;1 ° (for retardance ⩾0.5 nm).
C<sub>10</sub>‐O<sub>e</sub>‐N‐(4‐azido‐5‐<sup>125</sup>iodo salicyloyl)‐β‐alanyl‐β alanyl ryanodine (Az‐βAR), a novel photo‐affinity ligand for the ryanodine binding site (1994)

Abstract A high affinity, photoactivatable, radio‐iodinated ligand for the ryanodine binding site(s) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium‐release‐channel, C 10 ‐O eq ‐N‐(4‐azido‐5‐ 125 iodo salicyloyl)‐β‐alanyl‐β‐alanyl ryanodine (Az‐βAR), was synthesized at a specific activity of 1400mCi/mmol. Prepared by condensing the versatile synthon, N‐(4‐azido‐5 125 iodo salicyloyl)‐β‐alanine with C 10 ‐O eq ‐β‐alanyl ryanodine, Az‐βAR, like [ 3 H] ryanodine, does not demonstrate saturation binding kinetics. 127 Az‐βAR exhibits an IC 50 of 27.2 ± 2 × 10 −9 M (mean ± SD) compared to ryanodine's 6.2 ± 0.4 × 10 −9 M for the ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle.
Protective efficacy of rhesus adenovirus COVID-19 vaccines against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

We have developed a series of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 (RhAd52) vectors, which exhibits a lower seroprevalence than human and chimpanzee vectors, supporting their development as novel vaccine vectors or as an alternative Ad vector for boosting. We sought to test these vaccines using a recently reported mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) virus to i) evaluate the protective efficacy of RhAd52 vaccines and ii) further characterize this mouse-adapted challenge model and probe immune correlates of protection. We demonstrate RhAd52 vaccines elicit robust SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses and protect against clinical disease and viral replication in the lungs. Further, binding and neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy. These data validate the MA10 mouse model as a useful tool to screen and study novel vaccine candidates, as well as the development of RhAd52 vaccines for COVID-19.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human sera (1985)

A rapid and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for determining antibodies in human sera against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The sera were absorbed for 30 min with heterologous virus-infected-cell extracts to remove cross-reacting antibodies and then were applied to ELISA plates containing the target antigens, immunoaffinity-purified HSV-1 glycoproteins gC and gD and HSV-2 glycoproteins gD and gF. The absorbance index, defined as the ratio of A414 generated by a serum sample absorbed with a heterologous virus-infected-cell extract versus the A414 of a serum sample absorbed with an uninfected-cell extract, was used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2. Results of the ELISA for detecting antibodies against HSV-2, when compared with results obtained for the same sera by the microneutralization test, showed an index of overall agreement of 91%. Results of the ELISA for detecting antibodies against HSV-1, when compared with microneutralization test results for sera negative for HSV-2 antibodies but positive for HSV antibodies by ELISA, showed an index of agreement of 99%.
High-definition in-cell touch panel with parallel scanning method (2016)

We have developed a high-definition in-cell (HDI) touch panel technology that uses a parallel scanning method. This technology can be incorporated into various TFT backplanes including LTPS TFT and IGZO TFT. We have developed 5.7” WQHD LTPS LCD and 4.95” FHD IGZO LCD, both of which are integrated in-cell touch panels. A Nega-type liquid crystal (LC) material for IPS mode was used. The parallel scanning method allows high-definition in-cell touch panel LCDs with good touch panel performance, with SNR over 48.5dB.
Photometric Stabilization for Fast‐forward Videos (2017)

Abstract Videos captured by consumer cameras often exhibit temporal variations in color and tone that are caused by camera auto‐adjustments like white‐balance and exposure. When such videos are sub‐sampled to play fast‐forward, as in the increasingly popular forms of timelapse and hyperlapse videos, these temporal variations are exacerbated and appear as visually disturbing high frequency flickering. Previous techniques to photometrically stabilize videos typically rely on computing dense correspondences between video frames, and use these correspondences to remove all color changes in the video sequences. However, this approach is limited in fast‐forward videos that often have large content changes and also might exhibit changes in scene illumination that should be preserved. In this work, we propose a novel photometric stabilization algorithm for fast‐forward videos that is robust to large content‐variation across frames. We compute pairwise color and tone transformations between neighboring frames and smooth these pair‐wise transformations while taking in account the possibility of scene/content variations. This allows us to eliminate high‐frequency fluctuations, while still adapting to real variations in scene characteristics. We evaluate our technique on a new dataset consisting of controlled synthetic and real videos, and demonstrate that our techniques outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art.
SELECTIVE CONVERSION OF 2′,7-<i>BIS</i>-MONOCHLOROACETYLPACLITAXEL ANALOGS TO 7-MONOCHLOROACETYL DERIVATIVES BY SOLVOLYSIS IN METHANOL (2002)

ABSTRACT 2′,7-bis-Monochloroacetylpaclitaxel analogs can be conveniently converted to their corresponding 7-monochloroacetyl derivatives by allowing dilute methanolic solutions to stand at ambient temperature for 48 h.
MusicSense (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel contextual music recommendation approach, MusicSense, to automatically suggest music when users read Web documents such as Weblogs. MusicSense matches music to a document's content, in terms of the emotions expressed by both the document and the music songs. To achieve this, we propose a generative model - Emotional Allocation Modeling - in which a collection of word terms is considered as generated with a mixture of emotions. This model also integrates knowledge discovering from a Web-scale corpus and guidance from psychological studies of emotion. Music songs are also described using textual information extracted from their meta-data and relevant Web pages. Thus, both music songs and Web documents can be characterized as distributions over the emotion mixtures through the emotional allocation modeling. For a given document, the songs with the most matched emotion distributions are finally selected as the recommendations. Preliminary experiments on Weblogs show promising results on both emotion allocation and music recommendation.
A Novel CUG<sup>exp</sup>·MBNL1 Inhibitor with Therapeutic Potential for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2013)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expanded CUG repeat (CUG(exp)) that sequesters muscleblind-like 1 protein (MBNL1), a protein that regulates alternative splicing. CUG(exp) RNA is a validated drug target for this currently untreatable disease. Herein, we develop a bioactive small molecule (1) that targets CUG(exp) RNA and is able to inhibit the CUG(exp)·MBNL1 interaction in cells that model DM1. The core of this small molecule is based on ligand 2, which was previously reported to be active in an in vitro assay. A polyamine-derivative side chain was conjugated to this core to make it aqueous-soluble and cell-penetrable. In a DM1 cell model this conjugate was found to disperse CUG(exp) ribonuclear foci, release MBNL1, and partially reverse the mis-splicing of the insulin receptor pre-mRNA. Direct evidence for ribonuclear foci dispersion by this ligand was obtained in a live DM1 cell model using time-lapse confocal microscopy.
Morphological Forms of α‐Alumina Particles Synthesized in 1,4‐Butanediol Solution (1996)

Phase‐pure, monodispersed, hexagonal plates of single‐crystal α‐alumina (∼ 2 μm wide and ∼0.5 μm thick) have been prepared via precipitation by treating an aluminum hydrous oxide precursor in 1,4‐butanediol at 300°C under autogenous vapor pressure. Present work shows that KOH is the only reagent that precipitates an aluminum hydrous oxide precursor suitable to synthesize α‐alumina in 1,4‐butanediol solution. In contrast, the use of NaOH or NH 4 OH as the precipitating reagent for the precursor material does not yield the alpha phase. The solution pH at which the precursor materials are precipitated is also a critical factor for the formation of α‐Al 2 O 3 . Phase‐pure α‐alumina powders were also only synthesized from the aluminum hydrous oxide precursors precipitated in the pH range from 10 to 10.5. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicate that longer reaction times promote the phase transformation from the intermediate boehmite phase to α‐alumina. The complete transformation from boehmite to α‐alumina requires reaction times of about 12 h.
Toward jointly optimized design of failure-independent path-protecting p-cycle networks (2008)

Failure-independent path-protecting (FIPP) p-cycles are an extension of the basic concept of p-cycles to provide an end-to-end path-protecting mechanism. Initial work showed that FIPP p-cycle networks are comparable in capacity efficiency to existing methods of shared-backup path protection but employ fully pre-cross-connected protection paths. This makes FIPP p-cycles as fast as conventional span protecting p-cycles, and much faster than shared-backup path protection where spare channels must be assembled into protection paths in real time following a failure. The property of full pre-cross-connection of the protection structures is also an attractive advantage in transparent optical networking, where on-the-fly transparent concatenation of wavelength channels to form protection paths may not provide an adequate a priori assurance of optical path integrity. Thus, there are several motivations for interest in this new concept. Prior work on this topic has, however, considered only the design of FIPP p-cycle networks where the working demands are routed before decisions are made about the protection structures. Here we consider the problem of jointly optimized FIPP p-cycle network design and provide some insights, guidelines, and a semiheuristic procedure for coordinated routing of working demands and the generation of the protection structures.
Electrostatic Spray Deposition of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coating for Biomedical Applications (2008)

Hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate ceramic, is chemically similar to bone mineral and one of the few materials able to produce direct-bonding osteogenesis. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite coating has proved effective in promoting cell growth. However, synthesis of the coating on components of complex geometries with controlled phases is still a challenge. In this paper, we present the results from the exploration of electrostatic spray coating of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and the interaction of particles with laser. The nanoparticles were deposited on commercial grade titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) as a coating perform and bonded using a transient laser heating process. The coating was characterized for its surface morphology, particle size, and adhesion, and analyzed for its chemical compositions and phases. Results have shown the potential of this process to address some of the issues present in the current synthesis processes.
Anatomical and functional correlation of the endomorphins with mu opioid receptor splice variants (2002)

The present study characterizes the relationship between the endogenous mu opioid peptides endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) and several splice variants of the cloned mu opioid receptor (MOR-1) encoded by the mu opioid receptor gene (Oprm). Confocal laser microscopy revealed that fibers containing EM-2-like immunoreactivity (-LI) were distributed in close apposition to fibers showing MOR-1-LI (exon 4-LI) and to MOR-1C-LI (exons 7/8/9-LI) in the superficial laminae of the lumbar spinal cord. We also observed colocalization of EM-2-LI and MOR-1-LI in a few fibers of lamina II, and colocalization of EM-2-LI and MOR-1C-LI in laminae I-II, and V-VI. To assess the functional relevance of the MOR-1 variants in endomorphin analgesia, we examined the effects of antisense treatments that targeted individual exons within the Oprm1 gene on EM-1 and EM-2 analgesia in the tail flick test. This antisense mapping study implied mu opioid receptor mechanisms for the endomorphins are distinct from those of morphine or morphine-6beta-glucuronide (M6G).
Performance Analysis of a Low-Power Magnetically Shielded Hall Thruster: Computational Modeling (2017)

The applicability of a fully shielding magnetic field topology to a low-power xenon Hall thruster was demonstrated through testing of the MaSMi-60. Although the discharge channel lifetime was signi...
High-speed electro-optic guided resonance spatial light modulator (2022)

High-speed SLMs are necessary for various classical and quantum applications, including massively parallel remote sensing, high-repetition-rate pulsed laser shaping, and scalable control of quantum objects at timescales faster than their decoherence time. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed SLM by two-dimensional electric field patterning of a lithium niobate thin film. A high-quality factor guided mode resonance enhances the amplitude and phase modulation from the induced index variation. Our approach offers fast (> GHz), low power, and high diffraction efficiency tuning.
Deepening method for LeanMAP content based on a virtual trajectory by lateral transcription (2019)

In this study, we aim to develop a new upgrading method of digital map content for automated driving on nationwide public roads. In general, a dense waypoint map based on a digital map is necessary to realize precise motion controls of intelligent automobiles. However, current preparation methods for digital maps have two problems for practical use on public roads in wide areas: the size of the map data for onboard storage and the monetary and human resources for manual mapping processes. To solve these problems, in our previous study, we proposed a new digital map called “LeanMAP,” which consists of elementary information about the road, and also proposed an upgrading method of its contents from the level of car navigation map to the level of quasi-precise map. Furthermore, in this study, we propose another upgrading method based on a virtual trajectory to reduce the number of resources necessary for the mapping process to as low as possible. First, we propose a lateral transcription method that generates a virtual trajectory of an adjacent lane. Although three or more driving data items are necessary in order to upgrade the LeanMAP contents in the previous method, the proposed method in this study requires only one item of driving data. Then, to evaluate the accuracy of the dense waypoint map based on the elemental information upgraded by the proposed method, we conduct an initial evaluation using actual driving data on a public road. As a result, we confirm that the proposed system satisfies the target value of less than 1 % lateral error. From this result, we confirm the feasibility that our proposed system can reduce the cost and manual operations of mapping a precise digital map.