gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Deep Reactive Ion Etching (Deep-RIE) Process for Bonded Silicon-Glass Structures (2002)

For devices with bonded silicon and glass structures fabricated by deep-RIE, it is important to avoid damage at the silicon backside and sidewall during through-wafer etching in order to ensure reliability of devices. The silicon backside damage is caused by charge accumulation at the glass surface. This paper reports the novel method to avoid the processing damage occurred in silicon structures of accelerometers by means of an electrically conducting layer patterned onto the glass and connected with the silicon. The positions of silicon damage in the structural layout were identified without destruction of samples by using transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) films as the electrically conducting layer. From the experiments, it was found that there exists silicon damage caused by charge accumulation at the silicon islands isolated by deep-RIE and we present important rules for mask layout when utilizing this method. Finally, the improved results of shock tests are briefly shown.
Motionlets: Mid-level 3D Parts for Human Motion Recognition (2013)

This paper proposes motionlet, a mid-level and spatiotemporal part, for human motion recognition. Motion let can be seen as a tight cluster in motion and appearance space, corresponding to the moving process of different body parts. We postulate three key properties of motion let for action recognition: high motion saliency, multiple scale representation, and representative-discriminative ability. Towards this goal, we develop a data-driven approach to learn motion lets from training videos. First, we extract 3D regions with high motion saliency. Then we cluster these regions and preserve the centers as candidate templates for motion let. Finally, we examine the representative and discriminative power of the candidates, and introduce a greedy method to select effective candidates. With motion lets, we present a mid-level representation for video, called motionlet activation vector. We conduct experiments on three datasets, KTH, HMDB51, and UCF50. The results show that the proposed methods significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Insulin Resistance and Alzheimers Disease: Molecular Links & Clinical Implications (2008)

Hyperinsulinemia as well as type II diabetes mellitus are among the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular and cellular basis that link insulin resistance disorders and diabetes with AD are far from clear. Here, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms that may explain the participation of these metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of AD. The human brain uses glucose as a primary fuel; insulin secreted by the pancreas cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reaching neurons and glial cells, and exerts a region-specific effect on glucose metabolism. Glucose homeostasis is critical for energy generation, neuronal maintenance, neurogenesis, neurotransmitter regulation, cell survival and synaptic plasticity. It also plays a key role in cognitive function. In an insulin resistance condition, there is a reduced sensitivity to insulin resulting in hyperinsulinemia; this condition persists for several years before becoming full-blown diabetes. Toxic levels of insulin negatively influence neuronal function and survival, and elevation of peripheral insulin concentration acutely increases its cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration. Peripheral hyperinsulinemia correlates with an abnormal removal of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) and an increase of tau hyperphosphorylation as a result of augmented cdk5 and GSK3beta activities. This leads to cellular cascades that trigger a neurodegenerative phenotype and decline in cognitive function. Chronic peripheral hyperinsulinemia results in a reduction of insulin transport across the BBB and a reduced insulin signaling in brain, altering all of insulin's actions, including its anti-apoptotic effect. However, the increase in brain insulin levels resulting from its peripheral administration at optimal doses has shown a cognition-enhancing effect in patient with AD. Some drugs utilized in type II diabetes mellitus reduce cognitive impairment associated with AD. The link between insulin resistance and neurodegeneration and AD, and the possible therapeutic targets in preventing the insulin-resistance disorders are analyzed.
The application of photonic crystals to quasi-optic amplifiers (1999)

Quasi-optical spatial power combining provides the high combining efficiency required of solid-state power amplifiers for millimeter-wave frequencies. Photonic crystals (PXTs) are used to implement this type of power combining, as shown by two examples in this paper. The first example describes an all-dielectric structure that provides a carrier for the amplifier array chip satisfying the requirements concerning unilateral transmission and thermal management. The second example describes the use of a high impedance ground plane, based on PXTs, to make the power density incident on the array chip as uniform as possible in order to maximize power and efficiency.
Emilin3 is required for notochord sheath integrity and interacts with Scube2 to regulate notochord-derived Hedgehog signals (2013)

The notochord is a transient and essential structure that provides both mechanical and signaling cues to the developing vertebrate embryo. In teleosts, the notochord is composed of a core of large vacuolated cells and an outer layer of cells that secrete the notochord sheath. In this work, we have identified the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Emilin3 as a novel essential component of the zebrafish notochord sheath. The development of the notochord sheath is impaired in Emilin3 knockdown embryos. The patterning activity of the notochord is also affected by Emilin3, as revealed by the increase of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in Emilin3-depleted embryos and the decreased Hh signaling in embryos overexpressing Emilin3 in the notochord. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that Emilin3 modulates the availability of Hh ligands by interacting with the permissive factor Scube2 in the notochord sheath. Overall, this study reveals a new role for an EMILIN protein and reinforces the concept that structure and function of the notochord are strictly linked.
Coumarins from <i>Cnidium monnieri</i> and their Antiosteoporotic Activity (2007)

Bioactivity-guided fractionation has led to the successful isolation of antiosteoporotic components, i. e., osthole, imperatorin and bergapten from an ethanolic extract of the fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. Among them, osthole was determined as the major compound possessing antiosteoporotic activity. Further study showed that osthole not only promoted the proliferation and activity of alkaline phosphatase of osteoblasts in neonatal calvaria cultures, but also inhibited the bone resorption by decreasing the formation, differentiation and TRAP activity of osteoclasts derived from rat marrow cells.
Ultra-Long-Haul WDM Transmission with High Spectral Efficiency (2011)

We review our recent work on ultra-long-haul wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission with high spectral efficiency (SE) employing tight pre-filtering and multi-symbol detection. We start the discussion with a theoretical evaluation of the SE limit of pre-filtered modulation in optical fiber communication systems. We show that pre-filtering induced symbol correlation generates a modulation with memory and thus, a higher SE limit than that of the original memory-less modulation. We also investigate the merits of utilizing the pre-filtering induced symbol correlation with multi-symbol detection to achieve high SE transmission. We demonstrate transoceanic WDM transmission of a pre-filtered polarization division multiplexed return-to-zero quaternary phased shift keying (PDM-RZ-QPSK) modulation format with multi-symbol detection, achieving 419% SE which is higher than the SE limit of the original memory-less PDM-RZ-QPSK format.
A 1.2-million transistor, 33-MHz, 20-b dictionary search processor (DISP) ULSI with a 160-kb CAM (1990)

A 1.2-million transistor, 33-MHz, 20-b dictionary search processor (DISP) ULSI has been developed using a 0.8- mu m triple-layer-Al, CMOS fabrication technology. A 13.02*12.51-mm/sup 2/ chip contains a specially developed 160-kb content addressable memory (CAM) and cellular automation processor (CAP). A single DISP chip can store a maximum of 2048 words, and performs dictionary search in various search modes, including an approximate word search. The character input rate for the dictionary search operation is 33 million characters per second. The DISP typically consumes 800 mW at a supply voltage of 5 V. A high-speed, functional 50000 word dictionary search system can be built with 25 DISP chips arranged in parallel, to play an important role in natural language processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of the bioconversion of genetically modified switchgrass using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and a consolidated bioprocessing approach (2012)

The down-regulation of the COMT gene improves the bioconversion of switchgrass relative to the wild-type regardless of the pretreatment condition or fermentation microorganism. However, bacterial fermentations demonstrated strain-dependent sensitivity to the COMT transgenic biomass, likely due to additional soluble lignin pathway-derived constituents resulting from the COMT gene disruption. Removal of these inhibitory constituents permitted completion of fermentation by C. thermocellum, but not by the Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strains. The reason for this difference in performance is currently unknown.
Weak magnetic field pattern detection by CMOS magnetic latch (2003)

A CMOS magnetic latch for digital magnetic field detection is reported. It is based on a single split-drain magnetic field-effect transistor with a positive feedback imported by a pair of lateral floating gates. The magnetic latch achieves its maximum magnetic sensitivity when latch-up takes place. A linear equation is used to model the positive feedback and the latch-up process. By imposing a reset-evaluation mechanism, the magnetic latch is evaluated for digital magnetic pattern detection. Experimental results show that the minimum detectable magnetic flux density for the magnetic latch could be down to less than 0.1 mT with low bit error rate.
Pyrene-Terminated, Amphiphilic Polypeptide and Its Hydrogen-Bonded Interpolymer Complex as Delivery Systems of Doxorubicin (2018)

The intensity ratio between the first (373 nm) and the third (383 nm) vibronic peaks [<i>I</i> <sub>1</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>3</sub>, as the pyrene (Py) scale] of fluorescent Py was used to monitor the critical concentration, drug-loading, and -releasing behaviors of a Py-terminated, amphiphilic polypeptide PPM and its hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complex (HIPC) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Primarily, an amphiphilic PPM with a hydrophobic Py terminal and hydrophilic methoxy-bis(ethylene oxide) pendant groups was synthesized through multiple preparative steps, and the resultant PPM was thoroughly mixed with PAA through a preferable hydrogen bond (H bond) interaction to form HIPC. The emission study suggested that the <i>I</i> <sub>1</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>3</sub> ratio and the quantum yield (Φ<sub>F</sub>) are effective in determining the critical concentrations of the aqueous PPM and PPM/PAA solutions. Moreover, the <i>I</i> <sub>1</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>3</sub> ratio and Φ<sub>F</sub> were found to be convenient measures for determining the amounts of doxorubicin drugs loaded by and released from the aqueous PPM and PPM/PAA solutions.
A study of multiple-valued magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) using binary MTJ devices (2004)

This paper presents four-valued magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) storage cells using one access transistor and two binary magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices, with the MTJ devices either in series or in parallel. We present a comparative study of the two cells in terms of their area and power benefits over the binary MRAM, all using the same conventional MRAM process.
The Concentric Clustering Scheme for Efficient Energy Consumption in the PEGASIS (2007)

The wireless sensor network is a type of the wireless ad-hoc networks. It is composed of a collection of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes collect and deliver necessary data in response to user's specific requests. It is expected to apply the wireless sensor network technology to various application areas such as the health, military and home. However, because of several limitations of sensor nodes, the routing protocols used in the wireless ad-hoc network are not suitable for the wireless sensor networks. For this reasons, many novel routing protocols for the wireless sensor networks are proposed recently. One of these protocols, the PEGASIS (power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems) protocol is a chain-based protocol. In general, the PEGASIS protocol presents twice or more performance in comparison with the LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) protocol. However, the PEGASIS protocol causes the redundant data transmission since one of nodes on the chain is selected as the head node regardless of the base station's location. In this paper, we propose the enhanced PEGASIS protocol based on the concentric clustering scheme to solve this problem. The main idea of the concentric clustering scheme is to consider the location of the base station to enhance its performance and to prolong the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. As simulation results, the enhanced PEGASIS protocol using the concentric clustering scheme performs better than the current PEGASIS protocol by about 35%.
Quantum Dots-Based Quantitative and In Situ Multiple Imaging on Ki67 and Cytokeratin to Improve Ki67 Assessment in Breast Cancer (2015)

A QDs-based quantitative and in situ multiple imaging on Ki67 and CK was developed to improve Ki67 assessment in BC, and Ki67/CK grade had better performance than Ki67 grade in predicting prognosis.
Illustrated dictionary of dentistry (1982)

Illustrated dictionary of dentistry / , Illustrated dictionary of dentistry / , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
Hardware-Efficient Low-Power Image Processing System for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (2013)

This paper presents the design of a hardware-efficient, low-power image processing system for next-generation wireless endoscopy. The presented system is composed of a custom CMOS image sensor, a dedicated image compressor, a forward error correction (FEC) encoder protecting radio transmitted data against random and burst errors, a radio data transmitter, and a controller supervising all operations of the system. The most significant part of the system is the image compressor. It is based on an integer version of a discrete cosine transform and a novel, low complexity yet efficient, entropy encoder making use of an adaptive Golomb-Rice algorithm instead of Huffman tables. The novel hardware-efficient architecture designed for the presented system enables on-the-fly compression of the acquired image. Instant compression, together with elimination of the necessity of retransmitting erroneously received data by their prior FEC encoding, significantly reduces the size of the required memory in comparison to previous systems. The presented system was prototyped in a single, low-power, 65-nm field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chip. Its power consumption is low and comparable to other application-specific-integrated-circuits-based systems, despite FPGA-based implementation.
Essential roles of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein for activation of toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 as well as TLR4 (2001)

Although genetic studies have revealed a critical role for the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the biological response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the activities of ectopically expressed TLR4 and TLR2 are controversial. We have found that under appropriate transfection conditions, both TLR2 and TLR4 mediate LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The reconstitution systems we established here allow direct biochemical characterization and comparison of activation of each receptor. TLR4 is approximately 100-fold more sensitive to LPS than TLR2. In contrast to the response to commercial LPS preparations, TLR2 is unresponsive to repurified LPS or synthetic lipid A, indicating the requirement for an additional molecule(s). On the other hand, a lipid A-neutralizing reagent, polymyxin B, blocks the ability of the LPS preparation to stimulate both receptors, suggesting that lipid A is also involved in the activation of TLR2. Mutant TLRs harboring a point mutation in the cytoplasmic domain is inactive in transducing the signal upon stimulation, and act as dominant-negative mutants specifically inhibiting the activation of corresponding type of the receptor but not the other type. Thus, the two receptors are independently activated by distinguishable ligands. Nevertheless, the responses of both TLRs to the LPS preparation are strongly dependent on serum and CD14 and LPS-binding protein are essential for the activation of both of the two receptors. Supporting its functional significance, both receptors are found to associate with CD14.
Abstraction mechanisms for database programming (1983)

Databases contain vast amounts of highly related data accessed by programs of considerable size and complexity. Therefore, database programming has a particular need for high level constructs that abstract from details of data access, data manipulation, and data control. The paper investigates the suitability of several well-known abstraction mechanisms for database programming (e.g., control abstraction and functional abstraction). In addition, it presents some new abstraction mechanisms (access abstraction and transactional abstraction) particularly designed to manage typical database problems like integrity and concurrency control.
The fragile X syndrome repeats form RNA hairpins that do not activate the interferon-inducible protein kinase, PKR, but are cut by Dicer (2003)

We show here that under physiologically reasonable conditions, CGG repeats in RNA readily form hairpins. In contrast to its DNA counterpart that forms a complex mixture of hairpins and tetraplexes, r(CGG)22 forms a single stable hairpin with no evidence for any other folded structure even at low pH. RNA with the sequence (CGG)9AGG (CGG)12AGG(CGG)97, found in a fragile X syndrome pre-mutation allele, forms a number of different hairpins. The most prominent hairpin forms in the 3' part of the repeat and involves the 97 uninterrupted CGG repeats. In contrast to the CUG-RNA hairpins formed by myotonic dystrophy type 1 repeats, we found no evidence that CGG-RNA hairpins activate PKR, the interferon-inducible protein kinase that is activated by a wide range of double-stranded RNAs. However, we do show that the CGG-RNA is digested, albeit inefficiently, by the human Dicer enzyme, a step central to the RNA interference effect on gene expression. These data provide clues to the basis of the toxic effect of CGG-RNA that is thought to occur in fragile X pre-mutation carriers. In addition, RNA hairpins may also account for the stalling of the 40S ribosomal subunit that is thought to contribute to the translation deficit in fragile X pre-mutation and full mutation alleles.
Holographic SAR Tomography Image Reconstruction by Combination of Adaptive Imaging and Sparse Bayesian Inference (2017)

In this letter, we propose an imaging algorithm for the holographic synthetic aperture radar tomography in the circumstance of sparse and nonuniform elevation circular passes. Considering the anisotropic behavior of scatterers and the off-grid effect of sparse signal recovery, the algorithm combines the 2-D adaptive imaging method for circular SAR and the sparse Bayesian inference-based method for elevation reconstruction. For each circular pass, the azimuth-range 2-D image can be formed by the adaptive imaging method, which depends on the preretrieved maximum azimuth response angle and the azimuth persistence width. To deal with the off-grid effect in elevation reconstruction, which is caused by the deviation between the true scatterers and the discretized imaging grids, the off-grid sparse Bayesian inference method jointly estimates the scatterers and elevation off-grid error by applying their hierarchical priors. Compared with the conventional compressive sensing method that does not concern the off-grid effect, the proposed algorithm can provide more accurate 3-D reconstruction for pointlike targets, which is verified by the real-data experiments.
Cell allocation and chromosomal complement of parthenogenetic and IVF bovine embryos (1999)

Considerable concerns exist regarding the quality of parthenogenetically activated embryos in terms of sufficient numbers of cells comprising the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) and the ploidy. Therefore, these two parameters were used to assess the quality of embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation by using calcium ionophore A23187 (CaI) followed by either 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, 3.5 hr or 6.5 hr) or cycloheximide (CHX) plus cytochalasin D (CD). The conventional in vitro (IVF) produced embryos served as a control. Double staining of the parthenogenetic blastocysts showed that the total cell number (TC) of embryos from the 6-DMAP 3.5 hr (87.0 +/- 5.3) and CHX+CD (79.0 +/- 6.1) groups was not different (P > 0.05), but was lower than that of control embryos (116.0 +/- 5.8, P < 0.001). The mean ratios of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in the 6-DMAP 3.5 hr group (0.57 +/- 0.04) and the control IVF group (0.50 +/- 0. 02) did not differ significantly. Both were higher than those of the CHX+CD group (0.36 +/- 0.02; P < 0.05). Further analysis of chromosomal compositions of developing stage embryos at day four after IVF or parthenogenetic activation demonstrated that prolonged treatment with 6-DMAP for 6.5 hr resulted in a significantly lower percentage of diploid embryos and a significantly higher percentage of abnormal ploidy embryos compared to treatment with 6-DMAP for 3.5 hr or with CHX and IVF. In conclusion, parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes with CaI followed by 6-DMAP for 3.5 hr could produce better quality embryos in terms of total cell numbers, the number of cells allocated to the ICM, and the ploidy of embryos.
Planejamento de sistemas de informação para seres humanos (2021)

Muitos campos da biblioteconomia exigem, atualmente, estudos psicologicos e sociologicos para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informacao mais adequados as necessidades humanas, como, por exemplo, a preferencia dos usuarios por bibliotecas centralizadas ou descentralizadas, por catalogos impressos ou em fichas, por catalogos de assunto arranjados sistematica ou alfabeticamente, pelos diversos arranjos de indices e abstracts. Necessita-se normalizar e coordenar as publicacoes de notificacoes correntes para se conseguir uma base destes estudos. O crescimento do uso de computadores e microformas podera estreitar os horizontes e o grau de interesse dos leitores por limitar o contato direto com os livros e periodicos.
symSpline (2006)

We introduce symSpline: a symmetric, dual-mouse technique for the manipulation of spline curves. In symSpline, two cursors control the positions of the ends of the tangent to an edit point. By moving the tangent with both mice, the tangent and the edit point can be translated while the curvature of the spline is adjusted simultaneously, according to the length and angle of the tangent. We compare the symSpline technique to two asymmetric dual-mouse spline manipulation techniques and to a standard single-mouse technique. In a spline matching experiment, symSpline outperformed the two asymmetric dual-mouse techniques and all three dual-mouse techniques proved to be faster than the single-mouse technique. Additionally, symSpline was the technique most preferred by test participants.