gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ODSQA: Open-Domain Spoken Question Answering Dataset (2018)

Reading comprehension by machine has been widely studied, but machine comprehension of spoken content is still a less investigated problem. In this paper, we release Open-Domain Spoken Question Answering Dataset (ODSQA) with more than three thousand questions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest real SQA dataset. On this dataset, we found that ASR errors have catastrophic impact on SQA. To mitigate the effect of ASR errors, subword units are involved, which brings consistent improvements over all the models. We further found that data augmentation on text-based QA training examples can improve SQA.
Development of a novel, nonimmunogenic, soluble human TNF receptor type I (sTNFR-I) construct in the baboon (2001)

Pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of six different recombinant human soluble p55 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor I (sTNFR-I) constructs were evaluated in juvenile baboons. The constructs included either an sTNFR-I IgG1 immunoadhesin (p55 sTNFR-I Fc) or five different sTNFR-I constructs covalently linked to polyethylene glycol. The constructs were administered intravenously three times, and pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity were examined over 63 days. All of the constructs were immunogenic, with the exception of a 2.6-domain monomeric sTNFR-I. To evaluate whether the nonimmunogenic 2.6-domain monomeric construct could protect baboons against TNF-alpha-induced mortality, baboons were pretreated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg body wt and were compared with baboons receiving either placebo or 1 mg/kg body wt of the dimeric 4.0-domain sTNFR-I construct (n = 3 each) before lethal Escherichia coli bacteremia. The monomeric construct protected baboons and neutralized TNF bioactivity, although greater quantities were required compared with the dimeric 4.0-domain sTNFR-I construct. We conclude that E. coli-recombinant-derived human sTNFR-I constructs can be generated with minimal immunogenicity on repeated administration and still protect against the consequences of exaggerated TNF-alpha production.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF MILK FERMENTED BY VARIOUS LACTIC CULTURES (1982)

ABSTRACT A total of nine milk products were analyzed for total and free amino acids and total and nonprotein nitrogen. The products were: (1) whole milk (WM), (2) skim milk (SM), (3) WM fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, (4) SM fermented by S. thermophilus, (5) WM fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, (6) SM fermented by L. bulgaricus, (7) WM fermented by L. acidophilus, (8) SM fermented by L. acidophilus and (9) commercially prepared buttermilk. Essential amino acid content of the fermented milk was lower than that of the whole or skim milk. Fermentation of milk by lactic cultures decreased the total lysine (except butter milk) and methionine contents of all the samples. Since these two amino acids are limiting amino acids in protein malnourished areas, lactic fermentation of milk may be undesirable based on the chemical scores of the protein. However, the free amino acid content, including that of lysine and methionine, increases significantly upon lactic fermentation of milk. This predigestion of protein might result in an increased availability of the amino acids to offset the reduction in amino acids during fermentation and may even result in a better quality protein. Biological evaluation of the fermented milk proteins is necessary to evaluate their nutritional quality. L. bulgaricus was the most proteolytic of all the organisms used.
A prefetching prototype for the parallel file systems on the Paragon (1995)

article A prefetching prototype for the parallel file systems on the Paragon Share on Authors: Meenakshi Arunachalam School of Computer and Information Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY School of Computer and Information Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NYView Profile , Alok Choudhary Syracuse University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Syracuse, NY Syracuse University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Syracuse, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation ReviewVolume 23Issue 1May 1995 pp 321–322https://doi.org/10.1145/223586.223631Online:01 May 1995Publication History 6citation165DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads165Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
An implantable 700μW 64-channel neuromodulation IC for simultaneous recording and stimulation with rapid artifact recovery (2017)

We present an 180nm HV CMOS IC for concurrent neural stimulation and recording that combines 64 low-noise recording front-ends and 4 independent stimulators multiplexed to any of the 64 channels. The stimulators have 5mA peak current, 12V compliance and dynamic power management to maximize efficiency. Co-design of the stimulation and recording subsystems resulted in 100mV of recording linear range, 70nV/rtHz noise, and a rapid 1ms (single-sample) artifact recovery during stimulation.
Safety of Carbon Dioxide Digital Subtraction Angiography (2011)

Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography is a versatile technique that can be safely used for diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures. Morbidity and mortality are acceptable with preservation of renal function. Thus, CO2-DSA is a safe alternative to iodinated contrast.
Security investigation and intelligence interaction (1995)

Loss and theft from government and private organisations are a constant threat in this day and age. Some estimates place the loss from white collar crime as ten times greater than that of street crime. This article examines some of the generic investigation methods that may be adopted by the security investigator and the interaction of the intelligence function in the entire process.
Analysis of Thin-Steel-Plate Shear Walls (1997)

Thin plate panels in steel-plate shear walls buckle at very small load and the strength of the wall is based on the postbuckling strength of its plate panels. The plate panels can be modeled using equivalent truss elements in the diagonal tension direction. The load-elongation characteristics of these elements are elastic, elastoplastic, and perfectly plastic. The load-elongation characteristics were derived using a strip-gusset element. The gusset area represents the shear zone close to the supported boundaries, which yields in shear before buckling. The load-elongation characteristics for walls where the plate panels are welded to the surrounding beams and columns are different than for walls with bolted plate panels. Test specimens were modeled using the equivalent truss element and the analytical results compared, to a good degree of accuracy, with the test results for monotonic as well as cyclic loading.
Immunoaffinity Purification of the Human Multisubunit Transcription Factor IIH (1998)

A procedure to immunoaffinity purify the human transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) was developed using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in ERCC3 (XPB), the largest subunit of TFIIH. The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody was mapped to 20 amino acids. A peptide containing the epitope was capable of displacing TFIIH from an immunoaffinity column containing the monoclonal antibody. The immunoaffinity purification procedure described allows a simple and efficient method to purify both the "core" and "holo" TFIIH complexes.
Detection of glucose using Raman spectroscopy (2002)

This study investigates the application of Raman spectroscopy and partial least squares for the determination of glucose concentration in mixtures containing lactic acid and urea in water. The Raman spectrometer consisted of a sequence of beam conditioning, sample, and post-sample beam conditioning stages, followed by the monochrometer and CCD detector. The excitation source was a 514.3 nm Argon laser delivering 10 mW of power to the sample. The standard deviation of the residuals for a cross validation of the entire data set was 22.3 mg/dl. This work is part of a continuing effort in the development of technology toward noninvasive glucose sensing for diabetics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Concept for Docking a UUV With a Slowly Moving Submarine Under Waves (2015)

Docking an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) with a submerged submarine in littoral waters in high sea states requires more dexterity than either the submarine or streamlined UUV possess. The proposed solution uses an automated active dock to correct for transverse relative motion between the vehicles. Acoustic, electromagnetic, and optical sensors provide position sensing redundancy in unpredictable conditions. The concept is being evaluated by building and testing individual components to characterize their performance, errors, and limitations, and then simulating the system to establish its viability at low cost.
User Grouping of Two-Stage MU-MIMO Precoding for Clustered User Geometry (2015)

This letter investigates how user grouping, more specifically group partitioning, affects the sum-rate performance of a two-stage multiuser MIMO precoding scheme referred to as joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM). Taking a clustered user geometry model into account, we propose a new criterion for user grouping to noticeably improve the sum-rate performance of JSDM. Numerical results confirm that the user grouping based on the proposed criterion yields substantial performance enhancement.
Compounds new to essential orange oil from fruit treated with abscission chemicals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds new to essential orange oil from fruit treated with abscission chemicalsManuel G. Moshonas and Philip E. ShawCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 6, 1288–1290Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60220a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways (2022)

Large language models have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks using few-shot learning, which drastically reduces the number of task-specific training examples needed to adapt the model to a particular application. To further our understanding of the impact of scale on few-shot learning, we trained a 540-billion parameter, densely activated, Transformer language model, which we call Pathways Language Model PaLM. We trained PaLM on 6144 TPU v4 chips using Pathways, a new ML system which enables highly efficient training across multiple TPU Pods. We demonstrate continued benefits of scaling by achieving state-of-the-art few-shot learning results on hundreds of language understanding and generation benchmarks. On a number of these tasks, PaLM 540B achieves breakthrough performance, outperforming the finetuned state-of-the-art on a suite of multi-step reasoning tasks, and outperforming average human performance on the recently released BIG-bench benchmark. A significant number of BIG-bench tasks showed discontinuous improvements from model scale, meaning that performance steeply increased as we scaled to our largest model. PaLM also has strong capabilities in multilingual tasks and source code generation, which we demonstrate on a wide array of benchmarks. We additionally provide a comprehensive analysis on bias and toxicity, and study the extent of training data memorization with respect to model scale. Finally, we discuss the ethical considerations related to large language models and discuss potential mitigation strategies.
TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Models (2021)

Text recognition is a long-standing research problem for document digitalization. Existing approaches are usually built based on CNN for image understanding and RNN for char-level text generation. In addition, another language model is usually needed to improve the overall accuracy as a post-processing step. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end text recognition approach with pre-trained image Transformer and text Transformer models, namely TrOCR, which leverages the Transformer architecture for both image understanding and wordpiece-level text generation. The TrOCR model is simple but effective, and can be pre-trained with large-scale synthetic data and fine-tuned with human-labeled datasets. Experiments show that the TrOCR model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on the printed, handwritten and scene text recognition tasks. The TrOCR models and code are publicly available at \url{https://aka.ms/trocr}.
Forty-Minute Endovascular Aortic Occlusion Increases Survival in an Experimental Model of Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Caused by Abdominal Trauma (2011)

A 40-minute ABO followed by surgical damage control improved survival in this animal model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock caused by abdominal trauma. ABO could be considered for the management of severe abdominal trauma.
Improved convolutional neural network‐based quantile regression for regional photovoltaic generation probabilistic forecast (2020)

Nowadays, an increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) plants are becoming integrated into one regional power grid. Under this circumstance, the probabilistic forecast of regional PV power generation is of significance for the regional power system operation and control. This study presents a novel probabilistic forecast method for regional PV generation that integrates the convolutional neural network (CNN) with non‐linear quantile regression (QR). In this method, the CNN structure is enhanced to extract the non‐linear features of the input data and generate the non‐linear QR function. As a result, the improved CNN can effectively process high‐dimensional and complex input data and the non‐linear QR model can provide quantile forecast information of regional PV power. The validity of the proposed method is verified by using it to forecast the regional PV generation from the clustered PV plants in the Weifang region of China.
Antisense to cyclin D1 inhibits growth and reverses the transformed phenotype of human esophageal cancer cells. (1995)

The cyclin D1 gene is amplified and overexpressed in a significant fraction of human esophageal tumors, and several other types of human cancer, but the functional significance of this overexpression has not been established. To further address the roles of cyclin D1 in growth control and tumorigenesis, we have overexpressed an antisense cyclin D1 cDNA construct, either constitutively or inducibly, in the HCE7 human esophageal cancer cell line in which cyclin D1 is amplified and expressed at high levels. The expression of antisense cyclin D1 led to decreased expression of cyclin D1 at both mRNA and protein levels, and this was associated with a marked inhibition of cell proliferation. Antisense cyclin D1 expressing cells displayed a decreased plating efficiency, increased doubling time, decreased saturation density, increased cell size, decreased cyclin D1-associated in vitro kinase activity, decreased anchorage-independent growth, and a loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice. These findings provide direct evidence that the overexpression of cyclin D1 in certain tumor cells contributes to their abnormal growth and tumorigenicity. The ability to revert the transformed phenotype of these cells with antisense cyclin D1 suggests that cyclin D1 may be a useful target in cancer therapy.
Fixed‐Bed Multi‐Tubular Reactors for Oxidative Dehydrogenation in Ethylene Process (2013)

Abstract An industrial‐scale reactor for ethylene production was modeled using the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) in a multi‐tubular reactor system, examining a variety of parameters affecting reactor performance. The model showed that a double‐bed multi‐tubular reactor with intermediate air injection scheme was superior to a single‐bed design, due to the increased ethylene selectivity while operating under lower oxygen partial pressures. The optimized reactor length for 100 % oxygen conversion was theoretically determined for both reactor designs. The use of a distributed oxygen feed with a limited number of injection points indicated a significant improvement on the reactor performance in terms of ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity. This concept also overcame the reactor runaway temperature problem and enabled operations over a wider range of conditions to obtain enhanced ethylene production.
Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Targeting Key Intracellular Pathways and the IL-23/IL-17 Axis (2012)

This review identifies possible pharmacological targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) within the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Specifically, there are several targets within the IL-23/IL-17 pathways for potential pharmacological intervention with antibodies or small molecule inhibitors. These targets include TL1A (tumor necrosis factor-like molecule), DR3 (death receptor 3), IL-23, IL-17 and the receptors for IL-23 and IL-17. As related to IBD, there are also other novel pharmacological targets. These targets include inhibiting specific immunoproteasome subunits, blocking a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism (sphingosine kinase), and modulating NF-κB/STAT3 interactions. Several good approaches exist for pharmacological inhibition of key components in the IL-23 and IL-17 pathways. These approaches include specific monoclonal antibodies to TL1A, IL-17 receptor, Fc fusion proteins, specific antibodies to IL-17F, and small molecule inhibitors of IL-17 like Vidofludimus. Also, other potential approaches for targeted drug development in IBD include specific chemical inhibitors of SK, specific small molecule inhibitors directed against catalytic subunits of the immunoproteasome, and dual inhibitors of the STAT3 and NF-κB signal transduction systems. In the future, well-designed preclinical studies are still needed to determine which of these pharmacological approaches will provide drugs with the best efficacy and safety profiles for entrance into clinical trials.
Near Infrared Imaging and Photothermal Ablation of Vascular Inflammation Using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

Carbon nanotubes accumulate in atherosclerotic macrophages in vivo and provide a multifunctional platform for imaging and photothermal therapy of vascular inflammation.
Dual-gate lateral double-diffused metal—oxide semiconductor with ultra-low specific on-resistance (2013)

A new high voltage trench lateral double-diffused metal—oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) with ultra-low specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) is proposed. The structure features a dual gate (DG LDMOS): a planar gate and a trench gate inset in the oxide trench. Firstly, the dual gate can provide a dual conduction channel and reduce Ron,sp dramatically. Secondly, the oxide trench in the drift region modulates the electric field distribution and reduces the cell pitch but still can maintain comparable breakdown voltage (BV). Simulation results show that the cell pitch of the DG LDMOS can be reduced by 50% in comparison with that of conventional LDMOS at the equivalent BV; furthermore, Ron,sp of the DG LDMOS can be reduced by 67% due to the smaller cell pitch and the dual gate.
Mutations in the Ribonuclease H Active Site of HIV−RT Reveal a Role for This Site in Stabilizing Enzyme−Primer−Template Binding (2002)

The RNase H activity of HIV-RT is coordinated by a catalytic triad (E478, D443, D498) of acidic residues that bind divalent cations. We examined the effect of RNase H deficient E(478)-->Q and D(549)-->N mutations that do not alter polymerase activity on binding of enzyme to various nucleic acid substrates. Binding of the mutant and wild-type enzymes to various nucleic acid substrates was examined by determining dissociation rate constants (k(off)) by titrating both Mg(2+) and salt concentrations. In agreement with the unaltered polymerase activity of the mutant, the k(off) values for the wild-type and mutant enzymes were essentially identical using DNA-DNA templates in the presence of 6 mM Mg(2+). However, with lower concentrations of Mg(2+) and in the absence of Mg(2+), although both enzymes dissociated more rapidly, the mutant enzymes dissociated several-fold more slowly than the wild type. This was also observed on RNA-DNA templates. These results indicate that alterations in residues essential for Mg(2+) binding have a pronounced positive effect on enzyme-template stability and that the negative residues in the RNase H region of the enzyme have a negative influence on binding in the absence of Mg(2+). In this regard RT is similar to other nucleic acid cleaving enzymes that show enhanced binding upon mutation of active site residues.
Improved mixed language speech recognition using asymmetric acoustic model and language model with code-switch inversion constraints (2013)

We propose an integrated framework for large vocabulary continuous mixed language speech recognition that handles the accent effect in the bilingual acoustic model and the inversion constraint well known to linguists in the language model. Our asymmetric acoustic model with phone set extension improves upon previous work by striking a balance between data and phonetic knowledge. Our language model improves upon previous work by (1) using the inversion constraint to predict code switching points in the mixed language and (2) integrating a code-switch prediction model, a translation model and a reconstruction model together. This integration means that our language model avoids the pitfall of propagated error that could arise from decoupling these steps. Finally, a WFST-based decoder integrates the acoustic models, code-switch language model and a monolingual language model in the matrix language all together. Our system reduces word error rate by 1.88% on a lecture speech corpus and by 2.43% on a lunch conversation corpus, with statistical significance, over the conventional bilingual acoustic model and interpolated language model.