gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic membranes with controlled mesh dimensions for insulin delivery+ (2001)

A series of amphiphilic networks (membranes), consisting of hydrophilic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAM) main chains crosslinked by hydrophobic telechelic polyisobutylene di- and trimethacrylates (MA-PIB-MA or ∅︁(PIB-MA)3) have been synthesized and used for the preparation of thin-walled tubules suitable for the immunoisolation of porcine islets. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) ranges, insulin and glucose diffusion coefficients and permeabilities of various membranes have been determined. The molecular weight of the PDMAAM moiety between two hydrophobic crosslinking points (Mc,hydrophilic) controls permeability, which in turn can be controlled by synthesis conditions. The strengths and elongations of water-swollen membranes crosslinked with ∅︁(PIB-MA)3 are superior by a factor of about two to those prepared with MA-PIB-MA. Based on the values from these experiments, a well-defined membrane prepared with ∅︁(PIB-MA)3 was selected and used to encapsulate porcine islet cells. Gratifyingly, the encapsulated islet cells remain functional and viable, and cells within the tubule release insulin upon glucose challenge. These in vitro experiments are sufficiently promising to encourage us to continue our studies to develop a bioartificial pancreas.
Cloud Computing and Telecommunications: Business Opportunities, Technologies and Experimental Setup (2012)

Cloud computing is one of the key business and technology trends impacting every aspect of the ICT industry. In this paper we analyze the impact and opportunities of the cloud computing paradigm for the telecom industry, both as users as well as providers of cloud-based solutions. Based on the identified opportunities, we describe the key technological and operational innovations that can help streamline operations and, at the same time, generate new business through differentiating solutions. We also show how these new technologies and operational models can be realized in practice.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Chemical Properties of the First Low-Spin Iron(III) Semiquinonate Complexes in the Solid State and in Solution (1998)

A strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the S=1/2 spin of the low-spin iron(III) ion and the S=1/2 spin of the coordinated semiquinonate radical ligand characterizes 1. Its solution chemistry and its solid-state properties were investigated by various spectroscopic and electrochemical methods as well as by structure analysis. The reactivities with molecular oxygen and superoxide anions rule out any involvement of the iron(III) semiquinonate complex in the mechanism of the reaction of molecular oxygen with iron(III) catecholate complexes, which serve as functional model complexes for intradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenases.
Propionate attenuates atherosclerosis by immune-dependent regulation of intestinal cholesterol metabolism (2021)

Our findings reveal a novel immune-mediated pathway linking the gut microbiota-derived metabolite PA with intestinal Npc1l1 expression and cholesterol homeostasis. The results highlight the gut immune system as a potential therapeutic target to control dyslipidaemia that may introduce a new avenue for prevention of ACVDs.
Photothermally-induced disordered patterns of corneal collagen revealed by SHG imaging (2009)

The loss of organization of the corneal collagen lattice induced by photothermal effects was analyzed by using second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. Porcine cornea samples were treated with low-power laser irradiation in order to get localized areas of tissue disorganization. The disorder induced within the irradiated area of corneal stroma was quantified by means of Discrete Fourier Transform, auto-correlation and entropy analyses of the SHG images. Polarization modulated SHG measurements allowed to probe the changes in the structural anisotropy of sub-micron hierarchical levels of the stromal collagen. Our results emphasize the great potential of the SHG imaging to detect subtle modifications in the collagen assembly. The proposed analytical methods may be used to track several genetic, pathologic, accidental or surgical-induced disorder states of biological tissues.
Mobile Payments and Bitcoin: Concluding Reflections on the Digital Upheaval in Payments (2016)

Mobile payments and bitcoins represent a leap forward in payments. Acknowledging that they are different, yet recognizing a common “digital” denominator, this concluding chapter outlines their salient features in the broad context of the historical evolution of payment mechanisms operated in the framework of a classical model. Thereunder, a payment order issued to a paymaster initiates the transmission of monetary value from a payer-debtor to a payee-creditor. The chapter points out that the mobile payment introduces complexities and variations reflecting its digital nature. At the same time, fundamentally, its operation is premised on that of the classical model. Conversely, not only that Bitcoin introduced new money-equivalent, it is further premised on a decentralized network within which monetary value moves without the involvement of a paymaster.
Rapid identification of COVID-19 severity in CT scans through classification of deep features (2020)

The experimental results demonstrate that classification of the features from pre-trained deep models shows the promising application in COVID-19 severity screening, whereas the DenseNet-201 with cubic SVM model achieved the best performance. Specifically, it achieved the highest severity classification accuracy of 95.20% and 95.34% for tenfold cross-validation and leave-one-out, respectively. The established pipeline was able to achieve a rapid and accurate identification of the severity of COVID-19. This may assist the physicians to make more efficient and reliable decisions.
Cross talk in shielded magnetoresistive sensors (1996)

A model is presented for one component of the cross talk in shielded magnetoresistance sensors. It describes the contribution produced by anisotropic flux propagation in the permeable parts of a sensor structure which may extend beyond the intended width of the read track. In some designs, this predicts that the cross talk is produced at one side of the sensor, depending on the polarity of the signal. The width of the region producing the cross talk, typically under 2 /spl mu/m, is proportional to the sensor height and increases nonlinearly with the signal strength. When the recorded track is wider than the sensor, this also makes the asymmetry of the readback signal change with the alignment between the sensor and the recorded track; the agreement between the predicted and observed dependence suggests that this is the dominant cross talk mechanism.
Modeling and estimation of failure probability due to parameter variations in nano-scale SRAMs for yield enhancement (2004)

In this paper we have analyzed and modeled the failure probabilities (access time failure, read/write stability failure, and hold stability failure in the stand-by mode) of SRAM cells due to process parameter variations. A method to predict the yield of a memory chip designed with a cell is proposed based on the cell failure probability. The developed method can be used in the early stage of a design cycle to optimize the design for yield enhancement.
Integrating Topic-centric Thread-Based Organized Chat into Web-Based Enterprise Instant Messengers (2010)

IM (Instant Messenger) offers real-time interactivity between two or more geographically dispersed parties through the exchange of text or multimedia messages. In IM conversations, people feel emancipated to express their ideas or views. However, such a free and casual style of dialogue could form dissimilar views and may even cause confusions among individuals, making it unsuitable to be used in corporate environments, particularly for conducting group online meetings that involve multiple parties and span a variety of topics. This paper presents a solution of integrating topic-centric thread-based organized chat into enterprise instant messengers, with which multiple users can participate in diverse topics simultaneously for a large interactive business meeting over the Internet. This solution has been implemented in a prototype system and preliminary usability testing has shown that it is effective to support simultaneous group conversations.
Ocillator clock drift compensation in bistatic interferometric SAR (2004)

Bistatic interferometric SAR systems like e.g. the Interferometric Cartwheel are characterized by spatially separated transmitters and receivers. Such systems pose much higher requirements on the stability of the local oscillator used for demodulation than SAR systems that are used for imaging only. Apart from the higher cost of such an oscillator it is questionable whether oscillators with sufficient accuracy are technically feasible in space at all. The paper establishes some strong interferometric requirements on the oscillator clock stability in bistatic SAR configurations from the consequences of oscillator phase errors in the SAR interferograms. A new method for the compensation of oscillator phase errors is presented that allows the use of standard
Comparison of IP micromobility protocols (2002)

We present a performance comparison of a number of key micromobility protocols that have been discussed in the IETF Mobile IP Working Group over the past several years. IP micromobility protocols complement Mobile IP by offering fast and seamless handoff control in limited geographical areas, and IP paging in support of scalability and power conservation. We show that despite the apparent differences between IP micromobility protocols, the operational principles that govern them are largely similar. We use this observation to establish a generic micromobility model to better understand design and performance trade offs. A number of key design choices are identified within the context of the generic model related to handoff quality and route control messaging. We present simulation results for Cellular IP, Hawaii, and Hierarchical Mobile IP, and evaluate the handoff performance of these protocols. Simulation results presented in this article are based on the Columbia IP Micromobility Software (CIMS), which is freely available from the Web (comet.columbia. edu/micromobility) for experimentation.
REAL TIME CALCULATION OF THE HEAD RELATED TRANSFER FUNCTION BASED ON THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD (2002)

In order to develop the 3D auditory display using a head phone which allow head movement, real time calculation of the head re-lated transfer function (HRTF) is necessary. In the conventional studies, the calculations are performed approximately based on the mathematical model by regarding the head as the sphere shape. Al-though the boundary element method is also possible to calculate the transfer function by solving the wave equation from the ac-curate boundary condition of the head including the shape of the face and the ears measured by the 3D scanner, it is thought to be impossible to calculate it in real time because the amount of the calculation is too big. In this study, we discuss a new calculation method of the HRTF based on the reciprocity principle which en-ables significant speed-up of the calculation. The demonstrations are available at the website:
A Résumé Evaluation System Based on Text Mining (2019)

This study explored the application of interview robots on recruitment process. By adopting techniques including web crawling, text mining, and natural language processing, this study developed an effective system that matches job candidates with recruiters. The designed system analyzed electronic résumés in Traditional Chinese, on which the words were graded according to the job market on the Internet and implemented with techniques related to big data. The results demonstrated that the designed system identified the current demand on talent-seeking and quickly presented candidate rankings for a specific position, thereby fulfilling the needs of both job-hunting candidates and talent-seeking recruiters.
A New Dermatological Availability of the Flavonoid Fraction from Licorice Roots-Effect on Acne- (2003)

甘草の化粧品添加物としてのさらなる利用を目的に, Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalinの根から調製したリコカルコンAを主要成分とする抽出物である油溶性甘草エキスP-Uについて, 新たな皮膚科学的有用性を検討した。その結果, 本抽出物はテストステロン5α-リダクターゼ, リパーゼおよびホスホリパーゼA2の阻害作用やアンドロゲン受容体結合阻害, 抗菌およびSOD様作用など, スキンケア, 特にニキビの形成や悪化の抑制に係わる種々の作用を示した。これらの試験結果を基に, ニキビ患者に対する油溶性甘草エキスP-Uの効果を検証し, その有効性が推定された。
Filamentation THz generation in air (2011)

Experiments on THz pulse generation from single and multiple filaments in air using single or two-color technique will be discussed. Its application to sensing molecular rotational wave packet revival will be given. Stand-off detection of THz from a distance through monitoring nitrogen fluorescence in a filament was observed. The physics seems to be due to population trapping in the wake of strong field interaction with nitrogen molecules inside the filament. Article not available.
Cs frequency synthesis: a new approach (2003)

This paper describes a new approach to synthesizing the Cs hyperfine frequency of 9.192 GHz that is designed to be sufficiently rugged for use in space, specifically for the primary atomic reference clock in space (PARCS) planned for the International Space Station, as well as ground applications. This new approach requires no narrow band filters or frequency multiplication and the primary source of cooling is conduction. Instead of frequency multiplication, it uses a custom regenerative divider stage followed by two commercial binary dividers and several mixing stages. A fractional frequency step of 2/spl times/10/sup -17/ is achieved by mixing the output of a 48 bit numerically controlled oscillator with the microwave signal. Preliminary tests on the new synthesizer design indicates an internal fractional frequency stability of 1/spl times/10/sup -15/ at 10 s and 1/spl times/10 at 1 day, dominated by the daily room temperature variations. The phase and amplitude noise are similar to our previous designs that used frequency multiplication and narrow band filters. The temperature coefficient is less than 0.2 ps//spl deg/C.
Decision Making Protocol in Autonomous Vehicles for Optimal Routing and Safe Control (2019)

We analyze two significant decision-making problems namely planning and control in an autonomous driving scenario with an objective of not only improving the safety of drives but also enhancing the vehicle’s capability to make better decisions. We model the decision-making problem of routing in autonomous vehicles and solve for an optimal route when a vehicle approaches an intersection. The proposed solution attempts to balance the congestion in the traffic network, considering the selfish nature of the vehicles. We also analyze decision-making at the level of control and communications. The choices of the framework we use, to model the communication layer of the protocol makes it easier for us to verify and model check the protocol. For example, we implement the process algebra description using Promela language, and we prove the protocol’s correctness guarantees using SPIN model checker. We use a Reinforcement Learning algorithm in the design of the control protocol.
GC Method Validation for the Analysis of Menthol in Suppository Pharmaceutical Dosage Form (2017)

Menthol is widely used as a fragrance and flavor in the food and cosmetic industries. It is also used in the medical and pharmaceutical fields for its various biological effects. Gas chromatography (GC) is considered to be a sensitive method for the analysis of menthol. GC chromatographic separation was developed using capillary column (VF-624) and a flame ionization detector (FID). The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for various parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, solution stability, robustness, limit of detection, and quantification. The tested validation parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of menthol in suppositories formulations. Quality control departments and official pharmacopeias can use our developed method in the analysis of menthol in pharmaceutical dosage formulation and raw material.
Molecular characterisation of paraflagellar rod 1 gene of Trypanosoma evansi isolated from Indian dromedaries (2013)

The study was conducted for characterisation of Paraflagellar Rod 1 (pfr1) gene of Trypanosoma evansi from camel at molecular level. Genomic DNA of T. evansi from camel was used to amplify the pfr1 gene by polymerase chain reaction. Cloning of the amplicon was done in a suitable bacterial plasmid vector and characterisation of pfr1 gene was carried out through sequencing. The desired amplicon of pfr1 gene of T. evansi was amplified by PCR using gene specific primers and identified on the basis of size of the pfr1 gene. The amplicon of expected size was purified from the 1% low melting agarose gel. DNA fragment of interest was then ligated to the pGEM- T Easy vector and ligated mixture was transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 strains for cloning. Screening of recombinants was done by restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid DNA and by colony PCR for quick screening of plasmid insert directly from E. coli colonies in the presence of insert specific primers. After confirmation of clone of pfr1 genes the plasmid DNA was sequenced and coding sequences of pfr1 gene according to the result obtained was of 1769 bp. Tree topology of pfr1 gene is based on the Neighbor-Joining method and maximum parsimony method with 100% bootstrap values and identified pfr1 gene sequence showed a close homology with other Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. gene sequences.
MATERNAL EFFECTS IN PLANTS (1987)

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More
1. Definition (2013)

What, in essence, is ‘war’? ‘Definition’ considers various concepts of what war actually is and how commentators have tried to define it. There exist many different types of war, such as inter-state war, civil war, revolutionary war, imperial war, and religious war; they sometimes overlap with one another. War could be summarized as involving heterogeneous, organized, mutual enmity, and violence between armed groups, on more than a small scale, carried out with political objectives in mind, possessing socio-political dynamics, and focused on exerting power to overcome an enemy. What does ‘modern’ mean? It is difficult to define what is inherently distinctive about modern war.
Building Accurate Simple Models with Multihop. (2021)

Knowledge transfer from a complex high performing model to a simpler and potentially low performing one in order to enhance its performance has been of great interest over the last few years as it finds applications in important problems such as explainable artificial intelligence, model compression, robust model building and learning from small data. Known approaches to this problem (viz. Knowledge Distillation, Model compression, ProfWeight, etc.) typically transfer information directly (i.e. in a single/one hop) from the complex model to the chosen simple model through schemes that modify the target or reweight training examples on which the simple model is trained. In this paper, we propose a meta-approach where we transfer information from the complex model to the simple model by dynamically selecting and/or constructing a sequence of intermediate models of decreasing complexity that are less intricate than the original complex model. Our approach can transfer information between consecutive models in the sequence using any of the previously mentioned approaches as well as work in 1-hop fashion, thus generalizing these approaches. In the experiments on real data, we observe that we get consistent gains for different choices of models over 1-hop, which on average is more than 2\% and reaches up to 8\% in a particular case. We also empirically analyze conditions under which the multi-hop approach is likely to be beneficial over the traditional 1-hop approach, and report other interesting insights. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes such a multi-hop approach to perform knowledge transfer given a single high performing complex model, making it in our opinion, an important methodological contribution.
Magnetotransport properties of magnetically soft spin-valve structures (invited) (1991)

The magnetic and magnetotransport properties of several series of sandwiches consisting of two ferromagnetic layers (Ni, Co, Ni80Fe20) separated by a noble metal (Cu, Ag, Au) are described. In order to vary the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnets, one of them was constrained by exchange anisotropy (e.g., NiFe/Fe50Mn50). The ferromagnetic layers are magnetically soft and not coupled antiparallel, giving very large changes of resistance at low fields. At room temperature relative changes ΔR/R of 4.1% in 10 Oe for Si/Ta 50 Å/NiFe 62 Å/Cu 22 Å/NiFe 40 Å/FeMn 70 Å/Ta 50 Å and 8.7% in 20 Oe has been obtained for a structure based on Co/Cu/Co layers. The magnetoresistance versus the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer shows a broad peak near 80 Å for Ni, Co and NiFe, demonstrating the importance of bulk rather than interfacial spin-dependent scattering, in contrast to Fe/Cr multilayers. The magnetoresistance decreases exponentially with increasing interlayer (Cu and Au) thickness, indicating that the magnetoresistance is due to the exchange of polarized electrons from one ferromagnetic layer to the other. The variation with Ag interlayer thickness is different for structural reasons.
Compiling Fortran 8x array features for the connection machine computer system (1988)

The Connection Machine® computer system supports a data parallel programming style, making it a natural target architecture for Fortran 8x array constructs. The Connection Machine Fortran compiler generates VAX code that performs scalar operations and directs the Connection Machine to perform array operations. The Connection Machine virtual processor mechanism supports elemental operations on very large arrays. Most array operators and intrinsic functions map into single instructions or short instruction sequences. Noncontiguous array sections, array-valued subscripts, and parallel constructs such as WHERE and FORALL are also readily accommodated on the Connection Machine. In addition to such customary optimizations as common subexpression elimination, the CM Fortran compiler minimizes data motion for aligning array operations, minimizes transfers between the Connection Machine and the VAX and minimizes context switching for masked computations.
The role of inflammation in plaque disruption and thrombosis. (2001)

Most of the serious clinical manifestations (such as unstable angina, acute MI, and many cases of sudden death) of coronary atherosclerosis result from thrombosis, usually occurring on a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque. Plaques prone to disruption have large lipid-rich cores with evidence of cap-thinning and active inflammation. Inflammatory cells may contribute to both plaque disruption and subsequent thrombosis. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of inflammation in plaque disruption and thrombosis and the potential clinical implications of this pathophysiologic paradigm.