gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Well Planning and Stimulation Optimisation by Integrating 3D Geomechanics for a Horizontal Well in the Northern Cooper Basin (2016)

Abstract Drilling and stimulation of exploration and development wells in the Cooper Basin, Central Australia, has been challenging over the decades due to the high-pressure, high-temperature environment, the high stress anisotropy, and the presence of thick coals. Most of the wells drilled to date have been vertical. To improve production, a study was conducted for a low-permeability tight-sand oil field to assess a horizontal well with multi-stage stimulation. The long horizontal well was expected to pass through a region with varying depletions and lithologies, causing lateral variations in stress and rock properties that could only be captured by a 3D geomechanical model. A 3D geomechanical model was constructed to provide an integrated and accurate understanding of the field and to facilitate the planning and design of drilling, completion and stimulation of the horizontal well with reduced cost and risks, and to maximize the productivity. Based on detailed 1D geomechanical modelling, a well-centric understanding of the three principal stresses, fluid pressure and rock mechanical properties of the formations was developed for offset wells in the field. The pore pressure distribution and depletion in 3D space was calibrated using well test and long-term pressure survey data. Rock mechanical properties and stresses were populated in 3D space using seismic interval velocities and relationships developed in the 1D modelling, honouring the 3D static geological and structural models. The model of pressure, stress and rock property variations in 3D space enabled optimization of the casing program and mud weights. Operational best practices to drill the long horizontal well, especially the high-angle build section in overburden coals, were compiled based on a drilling knowledge base developed using data from analogous fields. The use of varying stress and rock mechanical properties along the planned well trajectory in hydraulic fracturing optimization was a differentiating approach to conventional hydraulic fracturing optimization using 1D geomechanics. The treatment was optimized to confine the fracture above the water-bearing formation along the well path. The optimized stimulation design provided the best solution of stages, proppant and fluid selection, and injection schedules to maximize production with minimum cost. Based on the detailed assessment, it was concluded that the horizontal well is drillable with optimized mud properties and good drilling practices to overcome the instability in coals. In addition, the reservoir section can be drilled safely with lower mud weights whilst still maintaining good wellbore shape. A multistage transverse fracturing program was optimized to improve the production, mitigating the challenges from the extremely low stress contrast between reservoir and the underlying water-bearing zone.
Specific Targeting Highly Conserved Residues in the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Primer Grip Region. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel, Potent, and Broad Spectrum NNRTIs with Antiviral Activity (2005)

Pyrrolobenzoxazepinones (PBOs) represent a new class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) whose prototype is 5. Molecular modeling studies based on the X-ray structures of HIV-1 RT prompted the synthesis of novel analogues which were tested as anti-HIV agents. The PBO derivatives specifically designed to target the highly conserved amino acid residues within the beta12-beta13 hairpin, namely primer grip, proved to be very potent against the most common mutant enzymes, including the highly resistant K103N mutant strain. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed in terms of a possible interaction with the RT binding site, depending on the nature of the substituents at C-6. Among the pyrrolobenzoxazepines investigated, 15c appeared to be the most promising NNRTI of the series characterized by potent antiviral activity, broad spectrum, and low cytotoxicity. 15c showed synergistic antiviral activity with AZT.
Shear Flow Controlled Morphological Polydispersity of Amphiphilic ABA Triblock Copolymer Vesicles (2013)

Self-assembled polymeric aggregates are generally polydisperse in morphology due to the existence of many metastable states in the system. This shortcoming becomes a bottleneck for preparing high quality self-assembled polymeric materials. An important concern is the possibility of controlling morphological polydispersity through the modulation of the metastable states. In this study, both simulative and experimental results show that the metastable states can be modulated. As a typical example, the morphological polydispersity of amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymer vesicles have been successfully controlled by shear flow. A higher shear rate results in more uniform and smaller vesicles. However, if the shear rate is extremely high, small spheres and short rods can be observed. These findings not only give a deeper insight into the metastable behavior of self-assembled polymeric aggregates but also provide a new strategy for improving the uniformity of vesicles.
Synthesis, structural analysis and fabrication of coatings of the Cu2+ and Sr2+ co-substitutions in β-Ca3(PO4)2 (2013)

The combined substitutions of Sr2+ and Cu2+ in β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP, β-Ca3(PO4)2] have been achieved using an aqueous precipitation technique. Four different concentrations of either single or combined substitution of Sr2+ and Cu2+ in β-Ca3(PO4)2 have been investigated and the results were compared with those of pure β-Ca3(PO4)2 without any substituted ions of Cu2+ and Sr2+. Heat treatment at 1000 °C led to the formation of well crystalline β-Ca3(PO4)2 as well as Sr2+ and Cu2+ co-substituted β-Ca3(PO4)2. The Rietveld refinement technique using GSAS-EXPUGI was employed to generate complete structural information on the effect of Sr2+ and Cu2+ substitutions in the structure of β-Ca3(PO4)2. Substitution of Sr2+ and Cu2+ in β-Ca3(PO4)2 resulted in the formation of a well crystalline rhombohedral structure with a hexagonal setting (space group R3c). The Rietveld refinement results revealed a gradual decrease in the a-axis and c-axis lattice parameters with increasing concentration levels of Cu2+ and Sr2+ co-substitutions in the lattice of β-Ca3(PO4)2. Cu2+ prefers to occupy the sixfold coordinated Ca (5) site, whereas Sr2+ preferentially occupies the ninefold coordinated Ca (4) site of the β-Ca3(PO4)2 structure. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was employed to generate Sr2+ and Cu2+ co-substituted β-Ca3(PO4)2 coatings on a titanium alloy. A uniform deposition of β-Ca3(PO4)2 on a titanium alloy was generated using the EPD technique, and heat treatment up to 1000 °C has resulted in no phase changes in the coating being observed, which has also been confirmed by the Rietveld refinement technique.
[Relationship between expression of MMP-2 and prognosis in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]. (2015)

MMP-2 was related with worse overall disease survival and could be considered as a potential marker of poor prognosis.
Guaranteed Packet Delays with Network Coding (2008)

In the context of networks providing QoS guarantees, the end-to-end delay experienced by a packet is an important parameter. In this paper, we show that network coding can be used to decrease worst case end-to-end bounds when compared to a classical routing strategy. This result can be explained by the fact that network coding can cope with congestion better that classical routing due to its property to process simultaneously packets from different flows. In this paper, two network coding strategies, applied to networks providing QoS guarantees, are presented. We present an evaluation of worst case delays both in routing and coding approaches with network calculus tools. An interesting result is that network coding can improve these guaranteed end-to-end bounds even in network topologies where the throughput is not improved.
Large scale synthesis of uniform CuS nanotubes in ethylene glycol by a sacrificial templating method under mild conditions (2006)

Uniform CuS nanotubes of 30–90 nm in inner diameter and 20–50 nm in thickness, can be synthesized in large quantities by a facile solution reaction at 80 °C in ethylene glycol using Cu nanowires as sacrificial templates and choosing suitable sulfur sources for the sulfuration reaction, where suitable sulfur sources and solvent played crucial roles in the formation of well-defined CuS nanotubes. The results demonstrated that suitable sulfur sources such as thiourea and thiacetamide which release ionic sulfur rather than molecular sulfur at their decomposition temperature are favorable for the formation of CuS nanotubes, in contrast to sulfur powders. Further treatment of the product at higher temperature (140 °C) can improve the crystallinity but results in a slight shrinking of the nanotubes toward the inner side. In addition, the similar reaction in water media cannot produce such nanotubes. The shape evolution process and the formation mechanism of CuS nanotubes as well as the thermal stability of these nanotubes were studied.
A Proposal for the Methods of Rapidly Measuring Relative Complex Permittivities of Liquids at Microwave Frequency Region (1987)

The rapid measuring method which determines V.H.F relative complex permittivities of liquids and solutions was proposed by M.G. Corfield et al. Then, it was revised by R.G. Bennett and J.H. Calderwood to be applicable to high loss liquids. This method is generally applicable to the measurement of coaxial-line frequency region (below 3000MHz), The method, however, has two difficulties when it is applied at the higher microwave frequency region where waveguide must be used as instrumentation system.One is that the diaphragm separating the liquid-filled section from the air-filled section causes errors in calculation results, and the other is the complexity of the formula which relates the relative complex permittivities to the propagation constant of the liquid-filled line in TE10, propagation mode.In this paper, a new measuring technique is proposed to overcome these difficulties.The measurement has been performed at 9.50GHz on several liquids using the WRJ-10 waveguide measuring system, and reasonable results have been obtained. The graphs convenient to determine relative complex permittivities of liquids from measured values are introduced.
9.1 A 7nm 4-Core AI Chip with 25.6TFLOPS Hybrid FP8 Training, 102.4TOPS INT4 Inference and Workload-Aware Throttling (2021)

Low-precision computation is the key enabling factor to achieve high compute densities (T0PS/W and T0PS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) in AI hardware accelerators across cloud and edge platforms. However, robust deep learning (DL) model accuracy equivalent to high-precision computation must be maintained. Improvements in bandwidth, architecture, and power management are also required to harness the benefit of reduced precision by feeding and supporting more parallel engines to achieve high sustained utilization and optimize performance within a given product power envelope. In this work, we present a 4-core AI chip in 7nm EUV technology that exploits cutting-edge algorithmic advances for iso-accurate models in low-precision training and inference [1, 2] and aggressive circuit/architecture optimization to achieve leading-edge power-performance. The chip supports fp16 (DLFIoat16 [8]) and hybrid-fp8(hfp8) [1] formats for training and inference of DL models, as well as int4 and int2 formats for highly scaled inference.
Convective Instability and Mass Transport of Diffusion Layers in a Hele-Shaw Geometry (2011)

We consider experimentally the instability and mass transport of flow in a Hele-Shaw geometry. In an initially stable configuration, a lighter fluid (water) is located over a heavier fluid (propylene glycol). The fluids mix via diffusion with some regions of the resulting mixture being heavier than either pure fluid. Density-driven convection occurs with downward penetrating dense fingers that transport mass much more effectively than diffusion alone. We investigate the initial instability and the quasisteady state. The convective time and velocity scales, finger width, wave number selection, and normalized mass transport are determined for 6000<Ra<90,000. The results have important implications for determining the time scales and rates of dissolution trapping of carbon dioxide in brine aquifers proposed as possible geologic repositories for sequestering carbon dioxide.
Relating Noise to Image Quality Indicators in CT Examinations With Tube Current Modulation (2013)

We established how noise changes with changing image quality indicators across a clinically relevant range of imaging parameters. This work can aid in optimizing protocols by targeting specific noise levels for different types of CT examinations.
Ultra-Long Reach 4 × 100 Gb/s Unrepeatered Transmissions With Real-Time Signal Processing Using Large A<sub>eff</sub> Ultra-Low Loss Fiber (2019)

This paper describes the enabling fiber and amplifier technologies for ultra-long reach unrepeatered transmission submarine cable systems. The key enabling technologies include the large-area ultra-low attenuation fibers, high-efficient Remote Optically Pumped Amplifier (ROPA), and second order pumped distributed Raman amplification. The benefits of the technologies are illustrated, and their physical limiting factors for unrepeatered transmission are discussed. We then present the design and experimental demonstrations of ultra-long reach total capacity of 400 Gb/s (4 × 100 Gb/s) unrepeatered transmission links with real-time signal processing. The unrepeatered transmissions are achieved by using commercially available large-area ultra-low attenuation fibers and transceiver modules. This 4 × 100 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission over 557 km fiber is demonstrated with single fiber configuration. TeraWave SCUBA150 fibers with an effective area of 153 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and an average attenuation of 0.153 dB/km at 1550 nm, and forward and backward ROPAs with second-order Raman pumping schemes are employed in this demonstration. Long-term real-time error free transmission results are also reported. In addition, we report the experimental demonstration of real-time transmission of 4 × 100 Gb/s unrepeatered link over 578 km fiber by employing an additional dedicated pump fiber path.
Single Molecule Charging by Atomic Force Microscopy (2008)

AFM/KPM charging and charge mapping of polyamine charge carriers in a PMMA matrix is reported. Selective charging of the designed charge carrier is demonstrated at concentrations down to a single molecule. This works constitutes electrochemical charging and detection of single redox-active organic molecules in low dielectric matrices by probe microscopy.
Spatial arrangement of color filter array for multispectral image acquisition (2011)

In the past few years there has been a significant volume of research work carried out in the field of multispectral image acquisition. The focus of most of these has been to facilitate a type of multispectral image acquisition systems that usually requires multiple subsequent shots (e.g. systems based on filter wheels, liquid crystal tunable filters, or active lighting). Recently, an alternative approach for one-shot multispectral image acquisition has been proposed; based on an extension of the color filter array (CFA) standard to produce more than three channels. We can thus introduce the concept of multispectral color filter array (MCFA). But this field has not been much explored, particularly little focus has been given in developing systems which focuses on the reconstruction of scene spectral reflectance. In this paper, we have explored how the spatial arrangement of multispectral color filter array affects the acquisition accuracy with the construction of MCFAs of different sizes. We have simulated acquisitions of several spectral scenes using different number of filters/channels, and compared the results with those obtained by the conventional regular MCFA arrangement, evaluating the precision of the reconstructed scene spectral reflectance in terms of spectral RMS error, and colorimetric ▵E*<sub>ab</sub> color differences. It has been found that the precision and the the quality of the reconstructed images are significantly influenced by the spatial arrangement of the MCFA and the effect will be more and more prominent with the increase in the number of channels. We believe that MCFA-based systems can be a viable alternative for affordable acquisition of multispectral color images, in particular for applications where spatial resolution can be traded off for spectral resolution. We have shown that the spatial arrangement of the array is an important design issue.
Diagnóstico Lean Digital. Un Diagnóstico acertado, imprescindible para una Transformación exitosa (2019)

En un entorno cada vez mas digitalizado, es necesario establecer un cronograma que nos guie durante el camino, con modelos de diagnostico para las Transformaciones o Lean.
Difethialone (LM-2219): a new anticoagulant rodenticide for use against warfarin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. (1989)

Data on the efficacy of difethialone, a new anticoagulant rodenticide derived from 4-hydroxybenzothiopyranone against rats and mice, are reported. After one day of feeding with 25 mg/kg of bait, 100 and 85%, respectively, male and female warfarin-susceptible Rattus norvegicus were killed. With the resistant strain, mortality was 90 and 94% for males and females, respectively. 100 and 96% of warfarin-sensitive males and females, respectively, were killed after 3 days of feeding with the same bait. Those of the resistant strain were respectively, 100 and 93%. In Mus musculus, after one day of feeding, mortality was 97, 94, 95 and 93% for males and females of susceptible and resistant strains, respectively, and 100, 97, 100 and 91% after 3 days of feeding. No significant difference in bait intake was observed between 25 mg/kg difethialone bait and a control bait. Compared to other anticoagulant rodenticides, these results show that difethialone is a promising rodenticide.
New edge detection algorithms using alpha weighted quadratic filter (2011)

In this paper, we introduce two novel edge detection algorithms based on a negative alpha weighted quadratic filter. The goal of this work is to utilize the characteristics of the nonlinear filter to preserve and enhance edges for the purpose of edge detection. Unlike traditional edge detection algorithms, which detect edges by using derivatives, the proposed algorithms operate on local regions and modify the color tones of uniform regions while preserving the original edges. We also incorporate the luminance masking feature of the Human Visual System by masking the gradient image before edge labeling. Experimental simulations show that the proposed algorithms can extract fine edge information from images contaminated by noise and affected by non-uniform illumination; the obtained edge maps are more consistent to the edges perceived by the human eye. Comparison with existing algorithms will be also presented.
Obesity changes the human gut mycobiome (2015)

The human intestine is home to a diverse range of bacterial and fungal species, forming an ecological community that contributes to normal physiology and disease susceptibility. Here, the fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in obese and non-obese subjects was characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-based sequencing. The results demonstrate that obese patients could be discriminated by their specific fungal composition, which also distinguished metabolically "healthy" from "unhealthy" obesity. Clusters according to genus abundance co-segregated with body fatness, fasting triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. A preliminary link to metabolites such as hexadecanedioic acid, caproic acid and N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid was also found. Mucor racemosus and M. fuscus were the species more represented in non-obese subjects compared to obese counterparts. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of the Mucor genus in obese subjects was reversible upon weight loss. Collectively, these findings suggest that manipulation of gut mycobiome communities might be a novel target in the treatment of obesity.
Characterization of biotin biosynthetic enzymes of Bacillus sphaericus: A dethiobiotin producing bacterium. (1981)

A variety of bacteria and yeasts were examined for activities of biotin biosynthetic enzymes, including pimelyl-CoA synthetase, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthetase, 7, 8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA) aminotransferase and dethiobiotin (DTB) synthetase. Among the strains tested, only Bacillus sphaericus, a DTB producer, showed significant activities for all four enzymes. The bacterium also exhibited high activity of biotin synthesis from DTB in an intact cell system. Using cell-free extract and intact cells, some properties of DAPA aminotransferase, DTB synthetase and biotin synthesizing reaction were examined. Based on these results of enzyme activities DTB productivity of B. sphaericus was discussed.
The porcine insulin-like growth factor-I gene: characterization and expression of alternate transcription sites (1993)

Genomic DNA encoding the 5' region of the porcine IGF-I gene was cloned and sequenced and shown to be highly homologous to that of man, rats and sheep. Two leader exons (exons 1 and 2), which are alternately spliced to exon 3 (encoding part of the mature IGF-I molecule), were identified by RNase protection analysis. In both cases, transcription initiates upstream from exons 1 and 2 at multiple dispersed start sites to yield two distinct IGF-I mRNA transcript classes (1 and 2) which differ in the precursor peptides predicted from their individual leader sequences. The expression of class 1 and 2 transcripts was measured in liver and muscle RNA from two groups of 2-month-old pigs whose energy status had been manipulated within physiological limits to produce marked differences in plasma IGF-I levels and growth rates. For this purpose, RNase protection probes were developed that contained the individual leader exons 1 and 2 linked separately to the common exon 3, so that class-specific and total IGF-I gene expression could be determined in a single assay. At normal plasma IGF-I concentrations (200 ng/ml), class 1 and 2 transcripts comprised 81 and 19% respectively of total liver IGF-I mRNA, while at a lower plasma concentration (90 ng/ml) the corresponding values were 95 and 5% respectively. Although both classes of transcript declined with the decrease in plasma IGF-I, the relative drop in levels of class 2 transcripts (84%) was substantially greater than that of class 1 (54%). In longissimus dorsi, cardiac and soleus muscles IGF-I mRNA was predominantly of class 1 and did not change in response to decreased plasma IGF-I. This suggests that liver-derived endocrine IGF-I has an important function in the regulation of muscle growth and that class 2 IGF-I transcripts are more sensitive to conditions that promote optimal growth.