gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Control of Excitation, Field Weakening and Stability in Direct Torque Controlled Electrically Excited Synchronous Motor Drives (2011)

Direct torque control (DTC) is a new control method for rotating field electrical machines. DTC controls directly the motor stator flux linkage with the stator voltage, and no stator current controllers are used. With the DTC method very good torque dynamics can be achieved. Until now, DTC has been applied to asynchronous motor drives. \n\nThe purpose of this work is to analyse the applicability of DTC to electrically excited synchronous motor drives. Compared with asynchronous motor drives, electrically excited synchronous motor drives require an additional control for the rotor field current. The field current control is called excitation control in this study. The dependence of the static and dynamic performance of DTC synchronous motor drives on the excitation control has been analysed and a straightforward excitation control method has been developed and tested. \n\nIn the field weakening range the stator flux linkage modulus must be reduced in order to keep the electro motive force of the synchronous motor smaller than the stator voltage and in order to maintain a sufficient voltage reserve. The dynamic performance of the DTC synchronous motor drive depends on the stator flux linkage modulus. Another important factor for the dynamic performance in the field weakening range is the excitation control. The field weakening analysis considers both dependencies. A modified excitation control method, which maximises the dynamic performance in the field weakening range, has been developed. \n\nIn synchronous motor drives the load angle must be kept in a stabile working area in order to avoid loss of synchronism. The traditional vector control methods allow to adjust the load angle of the synchronous motor directly by the stator current control. In the DTC synchronous motor drive the load angle is not a directly controllable variable, but it is formed freely according to the motor’s electromagnetic state and load. The load angle can be limited indirectly by limiting the torque reference. This method is however parameter sensitive and requires a safety margin between the theoretical torque maximum and the actual torque limit. The DTC modulation principle allows however a direct load angle adjustment without any current control. In this work a direct load angle control method has been developed. The method keeps the drive stabile and allows the maximal utilisation of the drive without a safety margin in the torque limitation.
Stereocontrolled Addition Reaction of Organometallics to Chiral α-Keto Amides (1990)

Abstract Complementary stereoselection in the addition reaction of several organometallics to chiral benzoylformamide, prepared from benzoylformic acid and (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, could be achieved using magnesium- and titanium-based reagents to give differeent diastereomers of atrolactamide. On the other hand, the reaction of phenyl metallics to the corresponding pyruvamide afforded (S)-atrolactamide.
Picosecond measurements of spontaneous and stimulated emission from injection lasers (1982)

We report picosecond measurements of spontaneous and stimulated emission from injection lasers gain-switched by 90-psec electrical pulses. When the laser is operated below threshold, the time profile of the spontaneous emission (or luminescence) gives directly the carrier concentration as a function of time. Precise knowledge of the latter is essential to understanding the dynamics of laser pulse formation and the limits to high-frequency modulation.
Functional differentiation and primary metabolism of mouse mammary epithelial cells in extended‐batch and hollow‐fiber culture (1992)

Growth, expression of functional differentiation (as characterized by synthesis and secretion of milk proteins), and primary metabolism were studied for a mouse mammary epithelial cell line, COMMA-1D, in extended-batch and hollow-fiber reactor cultures. Batch cultures were performed on Costar polycarbonate membrane inserts, allowing basal and apical exposure to medium. Protein production was induced in both batch and hollow-fiber cultures in hormone-supplemented medium. In batch cultures, high levels of protein production and secretion were maintained for 18 days. Once differentiation was induced, the rate of deinduction was low, even in medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum; cells continued to express and secrete proteins for at least 12 days after prolactin and hydrocortisone were removed. Cells in both batch and hollow-fiber cultures were highly glycolytic and exhibited low rates of glutaminolysis. In batch culture on membrane inserts, cells showed polarized metabolism between the apical and basal side, maintaining significant gradients of glucose and lactate. Medium hormonal composition and subsequent differentiation affected both glucose uptake and lactate yield for COMMA-1D in batch culture.
Design and Characterization of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Valves for Interfacing Continuous-Flow Sampling to Microchip Electrophoresis (2006)

This work describes the fabrication and evaluation of a poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS)-based device that enables the discrete injection of a sample plug from a continuous-flow stream into a microchannel for subsequent analysis by electrophoresis. Devices were fabricated by aligning valving and flow channel layers followed by plasma sealing the combined layers onto a glass plate that contained fittings for the introduction of liquid sample and nitrogen gas. The design incorporates a reduced-volume pneumatic valve that actuates (on the order of hundreds of milliseconds) to allow analyte from a continuously flowing sampling channel to be injected into a separation channel for electrophoresis. The injector design was optimized to include a pushback channel to flush away stagnant sample associated with the injector dead volume. The effect of the valve actuation time, the pushback voltage, and the sampling stream flow rate on the performance of the device was characterized. Using the optimized design and an injection frequency of 0.64 Hz showed that the injection process is reproducible (RSD of 1.77%, n = 15). Concentration change experiments using fluorescein as the analyte showed that the device could achieve a lag time as small as 14 s. Finally, to demonstrate the potential uses of this device, the microchip was coupled to a microdialysis probe to monitor a concentration change and sample a fluorescein dye mixture.
Securing Dynamic Firmware Updates of Mixed-Critical Applications (2017)

This work introduces a secure framework for runtime updating of firmware in Internet of Things devices that execute mixed-critical applications. Taking advantage of the capabilities of modern heterogeneous System-on-Chip devices to run cores in asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) configuration, we developed a methodology to showcase dynamic updating of real-time applications in a novel secure way when executing on a Xilinx ZYNQ-based platform. As an exemplary implementation we demonstrate a bio-signal monitoring use case that reads accelerometer data to determine if a person has fallen, while a distant medical management system can dynamically perform firmware updates. Even sophisticated code injection or reuse attacks can be subverted with the proposed defenses that ensure a practically isolated environment for the critical firmware with negligible overhead to the device in terms of performance and cost.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Derivatives for Orthogonal Functionalization (2014)

The synthesis of vitamin B12 derivatives for selective orthogonal conjugation at both the Co center and 5'-OH is reported. Newly developed, reduction-free, direct alkynylation of vitamin B12 at the central cobalt ion proved to be versatile, with the formed acetylides, unlike other metalloorganic derivatives, showing remarkable heat and light stability, thus making them promising candidates as a drug carrier. Subsequently, high-yielding functionalization can be achieved via a sequence of selective [1,3] dipolar azide-alkyne cycloadditions (AACs) or carbamate formation followed by AAC.
A Recurrent Probabilistic Neural Network with Dimensionality Reduction Based on Time-series Discriminant Component Analysis (2015)

This paper proposes a probabilistic neural network (NN) developed on the basis of time-series discriminant component analysis (TSDCA) that can be used to classify high-dimensional time-series patterns. TSDCA involves the compression of high-dimensional time series into a lower dimensional space using a set of orthogonal transformations and the calculation of posterior probabilities based on a continuous-density hidden Markov model with a Gaussian mixture model expressed in the reduced-dimensional space. The analysis can be incorporated into an NN, which is named a time-series discriminant component network (TSDCN), so that parameters of dimensionality reduction and classification can be obtained simultaneously as network coefficients according to a backpropagation through time-based learning algorithm with the Lagrange multiplier method. The TSDCN is considered to enable high-accuracy classification of high-dimensional time-series patterns and to reduce the computation time taken for network training. The validity of the TSDCN is demonstrated for high-dimensional artificial data and electroencephalogram signals in the experiments conducted during the study.
Patterns of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis patients and their families: a population-based cohort study (2004)

PBC patients and their families have a wide susceptibility to autoimmunity. This observation supports an autoimmune aetiology and suggests that the genetic basis of PBC is likely to be expressed, at least in part, through factors controlling immune tolerance in general.
Novel Indications for Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, beyond Hematological Malignancies (2018)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical terminal enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway. BTK activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain B-cell malignancies. Targeting this pathway has emerged as a novel target in B-cell malignancies, of which ibrutinib is the first-in-class agent. A few other BTK inhibitors (BTKi) are also under development (e.g., acalabrutinib). While the predominant action of BTKi is the blockade of B-cell receptor pathway within malignant B-cells, increasing the knowledge of off-target effects as well as a potential role for B-cells in proliferation of solid malignancies is expanding the indication of BTKi into non-hematological malignancies. In addition to the expansion of the role of BTKi monotherapy, combination therapy strategies utilizing ibrutinib with established regimens and combination with modern immunotherapy compounds are being explored.
Potential clinical utility of ultrasensitive circulating tumor DNA detection with CAPP-Seq (2015)

Tumors continually shed DNA into the circulation, where it can be noninvasively accessed. The ability to accurately detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could significantly impact the management of patients with nearly every cancer type. Quantitation of ctDNA could allow objective response assessment, detection of minimal residual disease and noninvasive tumor genotyping. The latter application overcomes the barriers currently limiting repeated tumor tissue sampling during therapy. Recent technical advancements have improved upon the sensitivity, specificity and feasibility of ctDNA detection and promise to enable innovative clinical applications. Here, we focus on the potential clinical utility of ctDNA analysis using CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq), a novel next-generation sequencing-based approach for ultrasensitive ctDNA detection. Applications of CAPP-Seq for the personalization of cancer detection and therapy are discussed.
Stochastic Study of the Effect of Ionic Strength on Noncovalent Interactions in Protein Pores (2007)

Salt plays a critical role in the physiological activities of cells. We show that ionic strength significantly affects the kinetics of noncovalent interactions in protein channels, as observed in stochastic studies of the transfer of various analytes through pores of wild-type and mutant alpha-hemolysin proteins. As the ionic strength increased, the association rate constant of electrostatic interactions was accelerated, whereas those of both hydrophobic and aromatic interactions were retarded. Dramatic decreases in the dissociation rate constants, and thus increases in the overall reaction formation constants, were observed for all noncovalent interactions studied. The results suggest that with the increase of salt concentration, the streaming potentials for all the protein pores decrease, whereas the preferential selectivities of the pores for either cations or anions drop. Furthermore, results also show that the salt effect on the rate of association of analytes to a pore differs significantly depending on the nature of the noncovalent interactions occurring in the protein channel. In addition to providing new insights into the nature of analyte-protein pore interactions, the salt-dependence of noncovalent interactions in protein pores observed provides a useful means to greatly enhance the sensitivity of the nanopore, which may find useful application in stochastic sensing.
Pro-apoptotic activity of cyclopentenone in cancer cells. (2008)

Studies on cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CPPGs), clavulones and other cyclopentenones have shown that these compounds have a significant anticancer activity mediated by their cyclopentenone (CP) chemical moiety. In this study the cytotoxicity against cancer cells of the model compound cyclopent-2-en-1-one (2CP) was investigated. Being a highly water soluble small molecule, 2CP could be an ideal candidate to overcome pharmacological issues related to drug delivery and penetration. Its cytotoxic activity was tested on various melanoma and lung cancer cells. Interestingly, 2CP was both cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic, more pronounced on melanoma cells, at concentrations in the sub-micromolar range. On melanoma cells its mechanism of action was mediated by the mitochondria and the activation of caspase 3.
The p55 Subunit of <i>Drosophila</i> Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 Is Homologous to a Histone Deacetylase-Associated Protein (1996)

To gain a better understanding of DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly, we have isolated the cDNA encoding the smallest (apparent molecular mass, 55 kDa; termed p55) subunit of Drosophila melanogaster chromatin assembly factor 1 (dCAF-1), a multisubunit protein that is required for the assembly of nucleosomes onto newly replicated DNA in vitro. The p55 polypeptide comprises seven WD repeat motifs and is homologous to the mammalian RbAp48 protein, which is associated with the HD1 histone deacetylase. dCAF-1 was immunopurified by using affinity-purified antibodies against p55; the resulting dCAF-1 preparation possessed the four putative subunits of dCAF-1 (p180, p105, p75, and p55) and was active for DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly. Moreover, dCAF-1 activity was specifically depleted with antibodies against p55. Thus, p55 is an integral component of dCAF-1. p55 is localized to the nucleus and is present throughout Drosophila development. Consistent with the homology between p55 and the HD1-associated RbAp48 protein, histone deacetylase activity was observed to coimmunoprecipitate specifically with p55 from a Drosophila nuclear extract. Furthermore, a fraction of the p55 protein becomes associated with the newly assembled chromatin following DNA replication. These findings collectively suggest that p55 may function as a link between DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly and histone modification.
DIALOGUE CONTEXT-BASED RE-RANKING OF ASR HYPOTHESES (2006)

This paper shows how we can benefit from taking into account dialogue context when re-ranking speech recognition (ASR) hypotheses. We have carried out experiments with human subjects to investigate their ability to rank ASR hypotheses using dialogue context. Based on the results of these experiments we have explored how an automatic machine-learnt ranker profits from using dialogue context features. An evaluation of the ranking task shows that both the human subjects and the automatic classifier outperform the baseline (i.e. always choosing the topmost of an N-Best list) and that they perform better and better the more dialogue context is made available. Actually, the automatic classifier performs slightly better than the human subjects and reduces sentence error rate 53% in comparison to the baseline.
Surface modification and PEGylation of branched polyethyleneimine for improved biocompatibility (2012)

Abstract In this article, we report the surface modification of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) for improved biocompatibility. PEIs with different surface functionalities were synthesized via covalent modification of the PEI amines, including neutralized PEI modified with acetic anhydride, negatively charged PEI modified with succinic anhydride, hydroxylated PEI modified with glycidol, and PEI–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugates modified with both PEG and acetic anhydride. The modified PEI derivatives were characterized with 1 H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ζ‐potential measurements. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay of mouse fibroblasts revealed that the biocompatibility of PEI was significantly improved after these modifications. The neutral and negatively charged PEIs were nontoxic at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL, whereas the pristine PEI was toxic to cells at concentrations as low as 10 μg/mL. The successfully modified PEIs with different surface charges and functionalities may provide a range of opportunities for various biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Religion as Social Capital in Britain: Its Nature and Contribution to Integration (2015)

Previous studies have found that religious participation is an important source of identity-bridging social capital, as it can serve as a rubric for effective inter-ethnic contacts which narrow those culturally defined gaps between "us" and "them" in a multicultural society.Using the Citizenship Survey data, this study aims to investigate the longneglected role of religious involvement as an incubator of identity-bridging social capital in Britain.The analysis is based on a logistic regression model which predicts the probabilities of having white British close friends for non-white believers in different British faith communities, conditioning on forms of religious involvement, religiosity and other sociocultural factors.
Buffalo Gourd Root Starch. Part II. Rheologic Behavior, Freeze‐thaw Stability and Suitability for Use in Food Products (1983)

Abstract Buffalo gourd ( Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) starch was examined for possible food uses through physico‐chemical, rheologic, and organoleptic examination. The gelatinization and rheologic properties of this starch more closely resembled maize starch than those of other root and tuber starches. Detailed studies of pasting behavior revealed: a high initial pasting temperature, a stable gel viscosity throughout the temperature regime, increases in viscosity associated with increased starch concentration, an acid stability similar to that of maize, and substantial increases in final viscosity with the addition of other food ingredients (especially 25% sucrose). Gels subjected to freeze‐thaw conditions underwent a significant degree of retrogradation, suggesting the need for chemical modification prior to acceptable use of this starch in frozen products. Organoleptic evaluations of vanilla and chocolate puddings prepared with buffalo gourd starch indicated their potential consumer acceptance.
Lipase Activities of Thermophilic Fungi from Mouldy Groundnuts in Nigeria (1980)

SUMMARYThe production of extracellular lipases by thermophilic fungi associated with mouldy Nigerian groundnuts and the conditions influencing the activities of the enzymes were determined. Lipase activity was detected in the culture filtrates of all the fungi within 48 h of incubation at 45 C. The presence of lipids in the growth medium enhanced the production of extracellular lipases by these fungi. Lack of lipids in the growth medium did not prevent lipase synthesis, The lipases of the fungi used in this study were able to hydrolyse both natural and synthetic glycerides to free fatty acids. They were particularly active between a pH range of 5.5-6.0 and a temperature range of 45–50 C. The involvement of these fungi in the spoilage of Nigerian groundnuts during storage is suggested.
Temporal and spatial control of transgene expression using laser induction of the hsp70promoter (2006)

This laser-mediated gene expression system will enable functional genetic investigations, i.e., the ectopic expression of genes and their knock-down in targeted groups of cells in model and non-model organisms with little or no available regulatory data, as long as a compatible heat-shock promoter is used and the target tissue is accessible to a laser beam. This technique will also be useful in evolutionary developmental biology as it will enable the study of the evolution of gene function across a variety of organisms.
Functional regulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells by microRNAs (2012)

Dendritic cells (DCs) as a rare type of leukocytes play an important role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. A subset of DCs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), exists in very low numbers at steady state but become abundant in inflammatory states. These inflammation-associated DCs are potent producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines and potent inducers of T helper differentiation. They behave as a "double-edge" sword so that they not only mediate protective immunity but also immuno-pathology. It is still incompletely understood how their function is regulated. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), as a new class of gene regulators, potently regulate the function of moDCs. Here we summarize recent progress in this area.
IPSec Implementation on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA and Its Application (2005)

In this paper, we propose an IPSec implementation on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA. We move the key management and negotiation into software function calls that run on the PowerPC processor core. On the datapath, reconfigurable hardware logic implements time-critical functions for AES encryption and HMAC authentication. In our approach, the fast hardware processing is quasi-independent of the software processing. In traditional hardware systems, it is often the case that fast hardware modules wait for slow softwares to feed input data and retrieve output data. This causes the hardware component to stay in idle and suffer low utilization. Our contribution in this paper is to separate the IPSec data path from the control path, where the hardware has a full control of data processing and invokes the control software only when necessary. We illustrate the use of the IPSec implementation on a reconfigurable network device to secure the control and configuration channel.
Perturbation effects on mode propagation in highly elliptical core two-mode fibers (1990)

The propagation of both fundamental and second-order modes in highly elliptical core two-mode fibers under external perturbations is investigated. Theoretical and experimental results are presented for the differential phase shift between two spatial modes in each eigenpolarization and the polarization behavior of each spatial mode. The perturbations include axial strain, radial strain, hydrostatic strain, temperature change, twisting, squeezing, and bending. An application of the modal behavior of these fibers to simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>