gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection against Nasopharyngeal Colonization by<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Is Mediated by Antigen-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2008)

CD4(+) T-cell-dependent acquired immunity confers antibody-independent protection against pneumococcal colonization. Since this mechanism is poorly understood for extracellular bacteria, we assessed the antigen specificity of the induction and recall of this immune response by using BALB/c DO11.10Rag(-/-) mice, which lack mature B and T cells except for CD4(+) T cells specific for the OVA(323-339) peptide derived from ovalbumin. Serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 603S and unencapsulated strain Rx1Delta lytA were modified to express OVA(323-339) as a fusion protein with surface protein A (PspA) (strains 603OVA(1) and Rx1Delta lytAOVA(1)) or with PspA, neuraminidase A, and pneumolysin (Rx1Delta lytAOVA(3)). Whole-cell vaccines (WCV) were made of ethanol-killed cells of Rx1Delta lytA plus cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant, of Rx1Delta lytAOVA(1) + CT (WCV-OVA(1)), and of Rx1Delta lytAOVA(3) + CT (WCV-OVA(3)). Mice intranasally immunized with WCV-OVA(1), but not with WCV or CT alone, were protected against intranasal challenge with 603OVA(1). There was no protection against strain 603S in mice immunized with WCV-OVA(1). These results indicate antigen specificity of both immune induction and the recall response. Effector action was not restricted to antigen-bearing bacteria since colonization by 603S was reduced in animals immunized with vaccines made of OVA-expressing strains when ovalbumin or killed Rx1Delta lytAOVA(3) antigen was administered around the time of challenge. CD4(+) T-cell-mediated protection against pneumococcal colonization can be induced in an antigen-specific fashion and requires specific antigen for effective bacterial clearance, but this activity may extend beyond antigen-expressing bacteria. These results are consistent with the recruitment and/or activation of phagocytic or other nonspecific effectors by antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells.
Collaborative experience sharing with the support of M-Learning 2.0: a fundamental framework, a case study and research issues (2015)

Although conventional mobile learning can help connect students to nature, they are usually taught in the form of 'units', rather than through the use of an entire system. However, students should be taught system-thinking skills in order for them to gain an overall understanding of complex environmental issues. The purpose of this paper is to solve this issue by integrating social media into conventional mobile learning, using a system called M-Learning 2.0. This integration can promote collaborative sharing of life experiences in nature as well as discussion of different perspectives. Therefore, this paper first introduces a fundamental framework that builds an environment according to a social cognition model. Furthermore, a pilot case study involving students collaboratively taking photos via the use of a mobile application is conducted. Finally, further research issues related to M-Learning 2.0 are proposed. It is hoped that this work will provide readers with a potential research blueprint.
60 GHz low loss, amplitude and phase balanced radial waveguide power combiner (2011)

This paper presents a 60 GHz low loss, amplitude and phase balanced radial waveguide power combiner using a structure easy to manufacture and assembly. At V band 58∼63 GHz, the return loss at each port of the radial waveguide power combiner is below −20dB, the insert loss from input port to output port is below 0.2 dB. The differences of amplitude and phase between input ports are within 0.2dB and 0.5°respectively. The simulated results show that the radial waveguide power combiner is well satisfied for high frequency and high efficiency power combining.
106 channel × 10 Gbit/s, 640 km DWDM transmissionwith 25 GHz spacingwith supercontinuum multi-carrier source (2001)

The first transmission experiment employing a high SNR supercontinuum multi-carrier source is presented. A 106 × 10 Gbit/s, 25 GHz spaced DWDM signal has been transmitted over 640 km (8 × 80 km).
Identification of Denavit-Hartenberg Parameters of an Industrial Robot (2013)

Kinematic identification of a serial robot has been an active field of research as the need for improving the accuracy of a robot is increasing with time. Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters of a serial robot, which are typically used to represent its architecture, are usually provided by its manufacturer. At times these parameters are not the same and hence they need to be identified. An analytical method proposed elsewhere was used here for identification of an industrial robot by noting the values of the point on the end-effector due to rotation of each joint, locking all other joints, were found out using singular value decomposition. The DH parameters of the robot determined using the proposed methodology, matched satisfactorily with the robot specifications. Also, the bounding volume for the joint ranges infers that a smaller measurement volume relative to the robot workspace is required thus facilitating the use of measurement devices which have smaller range of measurement.
Exploring Temperature-Modulated Operation Mode of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Robust Signal Processing (2019)

Metal oxide (MOx) gas sensor signals are mainly governed by adsorption and desorption processes of oxygen and its reaction with surrounding gas molecules. Different target gases exhibit different reaction rates leading to characteristic sensor responses for specific gas species and their concentrations. In this work, we compare temperature-modulated sensor operation (TMO) with sensor operation at a single temperature. Further, we explore if under specific TMO regimes, a simple signal processing allows for quantification of gas concentrations. We specifically investigate, if the relevant information can be captured in selected discrete wavelet coefficients. In addition, we compare the results received from this wavelet features to reaction rate evaluation features.
Chlorine-based dry etching of<i>β</i>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2016)

Reactive ion etching (RIE) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching techniques were used to determine the optimal dry etch conditions for β-Ga2O3. RF power and chamber pressure were examined to study their effects on etch rate and surface roughness for three crystallographic planes, i.e., (100); (010); and ( by RIE. BCl3 etch rate calibrations were performed on all β-Ga2O3 planes studied, in comparison to Cl2. RIE yielded moderate etch rates (<20 nm min−1), and surface roughness showed no clear trend with RF power. Moreover, the effect of bias power, plasma power, and the choice of etchant were studied using ICP. The etches performed by ICP were shown to be superior to RIE in both etch rate and surface roughness, due to the much higher plasma densities and uniformities possible with plasma powers beyond those realized in RIE. The maximum etch rate of 43.0 nm min−1 was achieved using BCl3 in ICP. SF6/BCl3 mixtures, which yield high GaN etch rates, were also studied. However, in contrast to GaN etching, SF6/BCl3 was found to be far less effective than pure BCl3 in etching β-Ga2O3.
The cyanobacterium<i>Oscillatoria brevis</i>β-carotene extract modulates alterations of biochemical and hematological circadian patterns in stress-induced rat (2015)

Managing stress can prevent serious health problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of β-carotene (βC), as a natural cyanobacterial product, against stress-induced alterations in biochemical and hematological circadian patterns. Male albino rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 21 days. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (20 rats/group), viz. control, CUS exposed, βC-treated, and βC-treated + CUS-exposed groups. Before CUS exposure, Oscillatoria brevis βC extract was administered (10 mg/kg), intraperitoneally. Blood samples were collected at four Zeitgeber times (ZT: 3, 9, 15 and 21), 5 rats/time point, to monitor circadian profiles of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), total protein (TP), glucose (Glu), urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (HCV), red blood cell (RBCs), and white blood cell counts (WBCs). Results revealed that these parameters expressed circadian patterns. CUS exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased AST, ALT, Glu, urea, creatinine, LDH, CK-MB, and HCV. On the other hand, it significantly decreased Hb, RBCs, and WBCs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under CUS-exposure the peak time (acrophase) of circadian rhythms of all parameters was variably shifted. On the other hand, βC administration modulated these alternations, where data analysis confirmed a significant decrease in AST, ALT, Glu, urea, creatinine, LDH, CK-MB, and HCV, however, a significant increase in TP, Hb, RBCs, and WBCs (p < 0.05) was observed. Taken together, it can be concluded that βC administration caused restoration of acrophase and level of these parameters thus regulating their circadian rhythms in CUS-induced rats.
High Temperature Laminating Resins Based on Melt Fusible Polyimides (1975)

Incorporation of the perfluoroisopropylidene group as the flexibilizing linkage in the aromatic dianhydride 2,2-bis(3′,4′-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6F) has resulted in a new class of melt fusible polyimide binders. Polyimides based on 6F and aromatic diamines are ideally suited for preparing laminates having very low void levels. The low molecular weight prepolymer undergoes thermally induced condensation polymerization to produce a high molecular weight polyimide which is both linear and amorphous. Voids formed as a result of the elimination of volatiles can then be readily removed by applying pressure above the glass transition temperature (Tg). Varying the structure of the aromatic diamine varies the Tg over the range 229°-385°C. Such polymers are tough and have unusually good thermal-oxidative stability.
Molecular Epidemiology of Feline and Human<i>Bartonella henselae</i>Isolates (2009)

Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis was performed on 178 Bartonella henselae isolates from 9 countries; 99 profiles were distributed into 2 groups. Human isolates/strains were placed into the second group. Genotype I and II isolates shared no common profile. All genotype I isolates clustered within group B. The evolutive implications are discussed.
Perceptsynth: mapping perceptual musical features to sound synthesis parameters (2008)

This paper presents a new system that allows for intuitive control of an additive sound synthesis model from perceptually relevant high-level sonic features. We suggest a general framework for the extraction, abstraction, reproduction and transformation of timbral characteristics of a sound analyzed from recordings. We propose a method to train, tune and evaluate our system in an automatic, consistent and reproducible fashion, and show that this system yields various original audio and musical applications.
EchoFlex (2017)

Recent improvements in ultrasound imaging enable new opportunities for hand pose detection using wearable devices. Ultrasound imaging has remained under-explored in the HCI community despite being non-invasive, harmless and capable of imaging internal body parts, with applications including smart-watch interaction, prosthesis control and instrument tuition. In this paper, we compare the performance of different forearm mounting positions for a wearable ultrasonographic device. Location plays a fundamental role in ergonomics and performance since the anatomical features differ among positions. We also investigate the performance decrease due to cross-session position shifts and develop a technique to compensate for this misalignment. Our gesture recognition algorithm combines image processing and neural networks to classify the flexion and extension of 10 discrete hand gestures with an accuracy above 98%. Furthermore, this approach can continuously track individual digit flexion with less than 5% NRMSE, and also differentiate between digit flexion at different joints.
Fransk fotboll då, nu och i framtiden : [Soccer empire: the World Cup and the future France, av Laurent Dubois] (2011)

Fransk fotboll da, nu och i framtiden : [Soccer empire: the World Cup and the future France, av Laurent Dubois]
Solid state DTV transmitters (1997)

The developments in RF power transistor technology makes solid state transmitters economically attractive for UHF DTV terrestrial transmissions. These transmitters will probably use silicon bipolar, MOS or silicon carbide static induction transistors (SIT) in the RF power amplifiers. This paper examines these RF transistor technologies. In addition, this paper provides an overview of a typical DTV solid state transmitter. The authors have conducted DTV transmission tests and demonstrations using a silicon carbide, solid state transmitter. This paper provides a brief description of these tests.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity <i>In Vitro</i> of Isoniazid Derivatives against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (2014)

Histoplasmosis is a severe infection that affects millions of patients worldwide and is endemic in the Americas. Amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole are highly effective for the treatment of severe and milder forms of the disease, but AMB is toxic, and the bioavailability of itraconazole is erratic. Therefore, it is important to investigate new classes of drugs for histoplasmosis treatment. In this study, a series of nine isoniazid hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities in vitro against the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. The drugs were tested by microdilution in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The compound N'-(1-phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide had the lowest MIC range of all the compounds for the yeast and filamentous forms of H. capsulatum. The in vitro synergy of this compound with AMB against the planktonic and biofilm forms of H. capsulatum cells was assessed by the checkerboard method. The effects of this hydrazone on cellular ergosterol content and membrane integrity were also investigated. The study showed that the compound alone is able to reduce the ergosterol content of planktonic cells and can alter the membrane permeability of the fungus. Furthermore, the compound alone or in combination with AMB showed inhibitory effects against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum. N'-(1-Phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide alone or combined with AMB might be of interest in the management of histoplasmosis.
Modulation of ICAM-1 expression by α-MSH in human melanoma cells and melanocytes (1998)

Alpha-MSH, a proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide, is known to be produced in the pituitary, the skin, and melanoma tumors and to possess many biological effects, mainly on melanocyte pigmentation and growth. Moreover, the melanocyte expresses adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1. The latter has been reported to play a role in melanoma spread and associated metastatic process. We conducted a study in order to evaluate the possible effect of MSH on ICAM-1 expression in human cultured malignant and normal melanocytes. Our data show that alpha-MSH inhibits ICAM-1 expression stimulated by TNF in a concentration-dependent manner, both at the protein and gene expression level. Ninety percent inhibition was obtained with 10 nM MSH, while 50% inhibition was achieved with 1 nM. Endogenous cAMP elevation with forskolin as well as an exogenous cAMP stable analogue (Sp-cAMPS) produced the same inhibitory effect. A screening of malignant melanocytes showed that inhibition of ICAM-1 expression could be achieved only in those cells expressing detectable MSH receptors and seemed to correlate with the number of binding sites. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest alpha-MSH as a potent inhibitor of ICAM-1 expression in malignant melanocytes acting through MSH receptor stimulation and subsequent cAMP increase.
Improved performance of amorphous silicon solar cells via scattering from surface plasmon polaritons in nearby metallic nanoparticles (2006)

An engineered enhancement in short-circuit current density and energy conversion efficiency in amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells is achieved via improved transmission of electromagnetic radiation arising from forward scattering by surface plasmon polariton modes in Au nanoparticles deposited above the amorphous silicon film. For a Au nanoparticle density of ∼3.7×108cm−2, an 8.1% increase in short-circuit current density and an 8.3% increase in energy conversion efficiency are observed. Finite-element electromagnetic simulations confirm the expected increase in transmission of electromagnetic radiation at visible wavelengths, and suggest that substantially larger improvements should be attainable for higher nanoparticle densities.
Recent advances in rice biotechnology—towards genetically superior transgenic rice (2005)

Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.
Immunization Programs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2009)

Evidence-based guidelines for immunization of infants, children, adolescents, and adults have been prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). These updated guidelines replace the previous immunization guidelines published in 2002. These guidelines are prepared for health care professionals who care for either immunocompetent or immunocompromised people of all ages. Since 2002, the capacity to prevent more infectious diseases has increased markedly for several reasons: new vaccines have been licensed (human papillomavirus vaccine; live, attenuated influenza vaccine; meningococcal conjugate vaccine; rotavirus vaccine; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis [Tdap] vaccine; and zoster vaccine), new combination vaccines have become available (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine; tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis and inactivated polio vaccine; and tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis and inactivated polio/Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine), hepatitis A vaccines are now recommended universally for young children, influenza vaccines are recommended annually for all children aged 6 months through 18 years and for adults aged > or = 50 years, and a second dose of varicella vaccine has been added to the routine childhood and adolescent immunization schedule. Many of these changes have resulted in expansion of the adolescent and adult immunization schedules. In addition, increased emphasis has been placed on removing barriers to immunization, eliminating racial/ethnic disparities, addressing vaccine safety issues, financing recommended vaccines, and immunizing specific groups, including health care providers, immunocompromised people, pregnant women, international travelers, and internationally adopted children. This document includes 46 standards that, if followed, should lead to optimal disease prevention through vaccination in multiple population groups while maintaining high levels of safety.
Monoclonal Antibodies Reveal the Structural Basis of Antibody Diversity (1983)

Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.