gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN inverted MODFET's (1997)

A continuous wave output power of 1.5 W/mm with a power added efficiency of 17.5% has been achieved at 4 GHz in inverted AlGaN/GaN MODFET's (IMODFET's) with 2 μm gate lengths and 78 μm gate widths. The current gain and available power gain cutoff frequencies were 6 and 11 GHz, respectively. We suggest that the input characteristics of GaN-based FET's play an important role in the output power that can be obtained. In the present devices, high transconductance, 100 mS/mm, retained over a 5 V input swing is thought to alleviate the limitations imposed by the input characteristics. Moreover, the buried AlGaN buffer layer is suggested as having assisted in the reduction of the output conductance which aids the power gain.
Bridgehead nitrogen heterocycles which contain the quinazoline moiety – synthesis and cycloaddition of 1,2-dihydroquinazoline 3-oxides (2005)

A novel synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydroquinazoline 3-oxides 8 and the first ever examples of 1,3-dipolar trapping of these nitrones to homonuclear dipolarophiles is described. The new dipoles 8 reacted with N-methyl maleimide, generating diastereomeric adducts 14-16. In the reaction between 8 and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, primary cycloadducts 17 and/or stable rearrangement products, azomethine ylides 18, are formed depending on the substitution pattern of the dipole. The structure of 18c is unambiguously assigned by X-ray crystallographic analysis. An X-ray crystal structure determination is also presented for the cyclopropylisoxazoloquinazoline 22 formed by a [3 + 2] addition of 8a to 21, the dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate tetramer.
Combining an Antioxidant‐Fortified Diet with Behavioral Enrichment Leads to Cognitive Improvement and Reduced Brain Pathology in Aging Canines (2007)

The number of elderly individuals in our population is rapidly rising and age-associated neurodegenerative disease is becoming more prevalent. Thus, identifying ways by which we can promote healthy aging are becoming more critical. Lifestyle factors, such as engaging in physical, intellectual, and social activities, are protective against dementia in aged individuals. Similarly, there is some evidence to suggest that antioxidants are beneficial. Observational studies in humans have been confirmed and extended in rodent model systems. We present additional evidence that, in a canine model of aging, combining an antioxidant-enriched diet and behavioral enrichment (including social, physical, and cognitive components) can lead to substantial improvements in cognition and reduced brain pathology. These results suggest that modifying lifestyle factors can have a beneficial impact on the aging process, even in aged individuals with existing cognitive decline and brain pathology.
A review of artificial intelligence based building energy prediction with a focus on ensemble prediction models (2015)

Building energy usage prediction plays an important role in building energy management and conservation. Building energy prediction contributes significantly in global energy saving as it can help us to evaluate the building energy efficiency; to conduct building commissioning; and detect and diagnose building system faults. AI based methods are popular owing to its ease of use and high level of accuracy. This paper proposes a detailed review of AI based building energy prediction methods particularly, multiple linear regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Support Vector Regression. In addition to the previously listed methods, this paper will focus on ensemble prediction models used for building energy prediction. Ensemble models improve the prediction accuracy by integrating several prediction models. The principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of these AI based methods are elaborated in this paper. Additionally, future directions of the research on AI based building energy prediction methods are discussed.
Waxes used as structuring agents for food organogels: A Review (2020)

Lipids are key ingredients in the human diet. Because of the manipulation and modification of lipids in the food industry, the amount of trans and saturated fat has been substantially increasing in industrialized products. At the same time, the number of studies demonstrating the harmful effects of these foods on human health has increased. Organogels arise as a promising alternative for replacing trans and saturated fat in processed foods. Among the main challenges of preparing an organogel is the difficulty of finding compatible and viable structuring agents in the food industry. Waxes have been studied for this purpose and are one of the most promising organogelators. This article brings a bibliographical review on the recent studies regarding the use of waxes as structuring agents for edible vegetable oils.
Legal Software and the Unauthorized Practice of Law: Protection or Protectionism (1999)

Because a Texas court decided [previously] that self-help materials distributed in Texas automatically amount to the practice of law (and therefore must be authored or approved by a Texas lawyer), [Nolo, Parsons, and their distributors] engage in the practice of law in Texas every time a... product finds its way into the hands of a Texas citizen.If [a company] distributes a book explaining how to adopt a stepchild in an uncontested proceeding, change one's name or get a simple bankruptcy, [they are] practicing law in Texas just as fully as if it had a law office handling cases in the Texas courts.'Parsons Technology, Inc. ("Parsons") sells Quicken Family Lawyer ("Quicken"), a legal self-help software package that can be used to prepare more than 100 legal documents.'A Texas court recently decided that selling Quicken amounts to the unauthorized practice of law. In addition, the Unauthorized Practice of Law Committee" ("UPLC") of the Texas Supreme Court is currently investigating whether to pursue Nolo Press, Inc., which sells similar materials, for the unauthorized practice of law.Depending on who you ask, legal self-help materials either carry the danger of "implict legal advice cloaked in the robes of simplicity,"' 2 or serve the legitimate purpose of filling a void created by our current legal system.Similarly, opinions differ as to whether attorneys in Texas are using unauthorized practice of law statutes to protect legitimate public interests or to implement a self-interested policy of protectionism.This Comment examines these issues in light of the recent decision in Parsons and the current Nolo Press controversy.Parts I and 11 outline the advantages and disadvantages of self-help information.Part Im examines the unique nature of, and novel issues presented by, legal software.Part IV examines unauthorized practice of law statutes and the interests they serve.Part V discusses alternatives to banning completely the sale of legal software.Part VI concludes that, while self-help software may present potential problems, the benefits to users far outweigh the potential dangers of harm and thus, Parsons was wrongly decided.In addition, it would be in the best interest of the Texas Supreme Court's Committee on the Unauthorized Practice of Law not to proceed with an action against Nolo Press.This Comment 8.
<i>In situ</i> endothelialization of intravascular stents from progenitor stem cells coated with nanocomposite and functionalized biomolecules (2011)

Owing to their noninvasive nature, coronary artery stents have become popular demand for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Late restenosis, in-stent restenosis, and late thrombosis, all mediated by the denuded endothelium, represent the most recurrent failures of vascular stent induction. Higher patency rates of stents can be achieved by restoring the native internal environment of the vessel-an endothelium monolayer. This active organ inhibits the inflammatory reaction to injury responsible for thrombus and intimal hyperplasia, thereby providing a novel therapeutic option to combat the unacceptably high prevalence of restenosis. As the climax of the nanotechnology era approaches, tissue engineering is being explored by means of exploiting the multipotent abilities of stem cells and their adherence to bioactive surface nanocomposite polymers. The endothelium can be reconstructed from neighboring intact endothelium and adherence of circulating endothelium progenitor cells. The latter takes place via a series of signaling events: mobilization, adhesion, chemoattraction, migration, proliferation, and finally their differentiation in mature endothelial cells. A nanotopography surface can orchestrate endothelium formation, attributable to cellular interactions promoted by its nanosize. This review encompasses the prospect of in situ endothelialization, the mechanisms regulating the process, and the advantages of using a new generation of bioactive nanocomposite materials for coating metal stent scaffolds.
A Review on 3D Printing for Customized Food Fabrication (2015)

This study introduces the first generation food printer concept designs and workable prototypes that target to revolutionize customized food fabrication by 3D printing (3DP). Different from robotics-based food manufacturing technologies designed to automate manual processes for mass production, 3D food printing integrates 3DP and digital gastronomy technique to manufacture food products with customization in shape, colour, flavor, texture and even nutrition. This introduces artistic capabilities to fine dining, and extend customization capabilities to industrial culinary sector. The selected prototypes are reviewed based on fabrication platforms and printing materials. A detailed discussion on specific 3DP technologies and their associate dispensing/printing process for 3D customized food fabrication are reported for single and multi-material applications. Eventually, impacts of food printing on personalized nutrition, on-demand food fabrication, food processing technologies and process design are reported. Their applications in domestic cooking or catering services can not only provide an engineering solution for customized food design and personalized nutrition control, but also a potential machine to reconfigure a customized food supply chain.
Visual mining geo-related data using pixel bar charts (2005)

A common approach to analyze geo-related data is using bar charts or x-y plots. They are intuitive and easy to use. But important information often gets lost. In this paper, we introduce a new interactive visualization technique called Geo Pixel Bar Charts, which combines the advantages of Pixel Bar Charts and interactive maps. This technique allows analysts to visualize large amounts of spatial data without aggregation and shows the geographical regions corresponding to the spatial data attribute at the same time. In this paper, we apply Geo Pixel Bar Charts to visually mining sales transactions and Internet usage from different locations. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of this technique for providing data distribution and immediate identification of anomalies from the map.
A simple and efficient self-limiting erase scheme for high performance split-gate flash memory cells (1998)

This paper presents a fast self-limiting erase scheme for split-gate flash EEPROMs. In this technique the conventional erasing is rapidly followed by an efficient soft programming to correct for over-erase within the given voltage pulsewidth. The typical erasing time is about 400 ms and the final erased threshold voltage is accurately controlled via the base level read mode voltage within 0.3 V. The proposed scheme can he used for high throughput erasing in low voltage, high density, multilevel operation split-gate flash memory cells.
Domain ontology and Galois lattice structure for query refinement (2004)

We present a system for interactively querying a topical resources repository and for navigating the set of responses obtained from the repository. Our system makes use of a domain ontology for dynamically constructing a Gallois lattice. Nodes in this structure are resources clusters which are interactively examined by the user during the construction process.
Investigation of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose for the measure of myocardial glucose metabolism. (1978)

F-18-labeled 2-deoxyglucose (FDG) was studied as a glucose analog for the measure of myocardial glucose metabolism. Myocardial uptake and retention, blood clearance, species dependence (dog, monkey, man), and effect of diet on uptake were investigated. Normal myocardial uptake of FDG was 3–4% of infected dose in dog and monkey, and 1–4% in man, compared with brain uptakes of 1.5–3% in dog, 5–6% in monkey, and 4–8% in man. The myocardial metabolic rate (MR) for glucose in the non-fasting (glycolytic) state was 2.8 times that in the fasting (ketogenic) state. Human subjects showed higher myocardial uptake after a normal meal than after-meal containing mostly free fatty aicds (FFA). Blood clearance was rapid with initial clearance t1/2 of 0.2–0.3 min, followed by a t 1/2 of 8.4 ± 1.2 min in dog and 11.6 ± 1.1 min in man. A small third component had half-times of 59 ± 10 min and 88 ± 4 min in dog and man, respectively. With the ECAT positron tomograph, high image-contrast ratios were found between heart and blood (dog 3.5/1, man 14/1), heart and lung (dog 9/1, man 20/1), and heart and liver (dog 15/1, man 10/1). FDG was found to be taken up rapidly by the myocardium without any significant tissue clearance over a 4-hr period. FDG exhibits excellent imaging properties. Average counting rates of 12K, 20K, and 40K c/min-mCi injected are obtained in human subjects with high, medium, and low resolutions of the ECAT tomograph. Determination of glucose and FFA MR in vivo with ECT provides a method for investigation and assessment of changing aerobic and anaerobic metabolic rates in ischemic heart disease in man.
Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in patients with postoperative infectious complications from gastrointestinal surgery for cancer (2004)

We examined the kinetics of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) perioperatively and clarified its significance regarding the development of infectious complications. We studied 94 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer at Mie University Hospital from 1996 to 2000. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured perioperatively. The number of circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils were counted to assess the apoptotic rate of neutrophils. Patients were divided into two groups at the median preoperative MCP-1 level obtained from 40 gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers. The rate of developing infectious complications was significantly higher and tumor size was significantly larger in the low MCP-1 group than in the high MCP-1 group. The increasing IL-6 ratio (postoperative/preoperative IL-6 level) in the low MCP-1 group was about twofold greater than that in the high MCP-1 group. The neutrophil level calculated for the low MCP-1 group was significantly higher than that in the high MCP-1 group on postoperative day 3. We concluded that a decreased level of serum MCP-1 reflected tumor-related immunosuppression. Low MCP-1 levels were associated with an exaggerated postoperative IL-6 response and delayed neutrophil apoptosis, which affected the incidence of postoperative infectious complications developing in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.
Finite element analysis of an interior-magnet brushless DC machine, with a step-skewed rotor (1997)

The use of finite-element (FE) analysis as a tool for optimising the design of a new form of permanent-magnet electrical machine is described. In order to reduce unwanted torque and generated voltage pulsations, the rotor is divided into a number of separate sections that have both axial separation and different radial positions. FE analysis is employed to optimise: (i) spacer width between the rotor sections, and (ii) radial positioning of sections, in order to give minimum torque and voltage pulsation. In comparison with a single-section rotor, it was found that a 3-section rotor gave an 89% reduction in peak-to-peak torque pulsation. Where possible, the accuracy of the PE method was confirmed by comparison with experimental measurements.
Copolymerization of epoxides and five‐membered cyclic carbonates in the presence of zinc coordination catalysts (1992)

Abstract Alkylene oxides like ethylene oxide (1a) and propylene oxide (1b) were reacted with alkylene carbonates like ethylene carbonate (2a) and propylene carbonate (2b) in the presence of catalysts based on diethylzine and polyphenols (pyrogallol, 4‐ tert ‐butylcatechin) and catalysts based on diethylzinc‐phenol at temperatures in the range of 35–100°C. Reaction products were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and molecular weight determinations. The products appeared to be the respective low‐molecular‐weight copolymers – poly[oxyalkylene‐ co ‐(alkylene carbonate)]s: poly[oxyethylene‐ co ‐(ethylene carbonate)] (3 aa) , poly[oxyethylene‐ co ‐(propylene carbonate)] (3 ab) , poly[oxypropylene‐ co ‐(ethylene carbonate)] (3 ba) and poly[oxypropylene‐ co ‐(propylene carbonate)] (3 bb). Copolymers obtained with diethylzinc‐polyphenol catalysts were of higher molecular weight than those obtained with diethylzinc‐phenol catalysts. They contained more than 50 mol‐% of alkylene oxide units. Predominant head‐to‐tail arrangement of these units including those connected via carbonate linkages was observed by means of NMR spectroscopy in the case of 3 bb.
Bradykinin-induced prostaglandin synthesis is enhanced in keratinocytes and fibroblasts by UV injury (1991)

Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure substantially modifies the host immune response, in part through the synthesis of prostaglandins. Work examining the mechanisms by which UV irradiation stimulates prostaglandin synthesis has focused on mediators that increase in quantity after irradiation. The present work demonstrates that UV irradiation injury increases the sensitivity and maximum response of keratinocytes to bradykinin, suggesting that agonist quantities need not increase in injured tissue to contribute to inflammation. The ability of UV injury to increase bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis is not limited to keratinocytes, as irradiation produced a similar response in fibroblasts. Receptor binding studies demonstrate that the enhanced response of irradiated cells is not due to increased bradykinin binding. These data suggest that UV irradiation may cause cells to increase their response to an array of inflammatory mediators present in injured tissue, whether or not the quantity of the mediator increases.
Antisense oligonucleotide targeted to RIα subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (GEM231) enhances therapeutic effectiveness of cancer chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan in nude mice bearing human cancer xenografts: in vivo synergistic activity, pharmacokinetics and host toxicity (2002)

The RIalpha-subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is overexpressed in various human cancers and PKA has been suggested to be a potential target for cancer therapy. We have shown an antisense oligonucleotide with advanced chemistry (mixed-backbone oligonucleotide) targeted to PKA RIalpha-subunit (GEM231) to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrated synergistic effects between the anti-PKA antisense oligonucleotide and the clinically used anticancer agent irinotecan, using nude mouse models of human cancers of colon (LS174T and DLD-1), breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU-145 and PC-3) and lung (H1299). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, in vivo pharmacokinetics of irinotecan was determined following pre-treatment of oligo GEM 231 in CD-1 mice and nude mice bearing LS174T xenografts. GEM 231 increased tissue uptake of irinotecan. However, no significant change in host toxicity was observed following combination treatment of irinotecan and GEM231 compared with irinotecan alone. These results suggest that GEM231 have a role in irinotecan metabolism and its antitumor activity, providing a basis for future development of this oligonucleotide as a chemosensitizer for irinotecan-based therapy.
Performance characteristics of fibrinogen assays. Results of the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program 1988-1991. (1993)

Plasma fibrinogen concentration appears to be an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of a similar magnitude to cholesterol. The quality control of plasma fibrinogen assays has taken on new importance as a consequence of this potential role as an atherosclerotic risk factor. This article reviews the performance characteristics of 40,000 fibrinogen assays comprising the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program from 1988 through 1991. Instrument and reagent variables both play roles in the poor interlaboratory reproducibility documented by this study. The absence of either a national or international standard for plasma fibrinogen assays has been a major source of reagent variability. The validation and calibration of the College of American Pathologists lyophilized plasma reference preparation for fibrinogen determination is also reported in this study. The availability of this validated reference plasma should markedly improve interlaboratory reproducibility.
The ?Bernese? frameless optical computer aided surgery system (1999)

Our navigation system has proven its accuracy and usability. Surgeons feel very comfortable with the increased safety provided by the unequivocal identification of important anatomical structures.
The Coercion/Consent Analysis of the State under Socialism (1984)

The 1970s saw a great preoccupation among Marxists and commentators on Marxism with the question of the state, politics and power.1 Some have spoken of a veritable 'crisis of Marxism' and have ascribed this crisis to the failure to develop an adequate and comprehensive theory of the state.2 The argument has been advanced that classical Marxism focused too narrowly upon the state as the coercive instrument of the ruling class and failed therefore to analyse the ideological and cultural aspects of political power.3 This is why much attention has been paid recently to the writing of the Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci, for Gramsci, it is argued, inaugurated a new chapter in Marxist political theory by developing an expanded view of the state based upon an analysis of politics as coercion and consent.4 KeywordsCivil SocietyPolitical ParticipationCommunist PartyCollect WorkFree DevelopmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.