gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Morphologies in Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions by Selective Solvent Casting (2003)

A wide range of different morphologies have been obtained by solvent casting of mixtures of polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) homopolymers (PVP) with PS−PVP block copolymer. The curvature of the PS−PVP interface has been investigated as a function of polymer molecular weights, solvent quality, and blend composition. For blends with highly asymmetric composition at equilibrium, simulations based on self-consistent-field theory (SCF) predicted a curvature of the interface toward the minority phase. Casting PS/PVP blends from a common solvent for both PS and PVP resulted in morphologies that were in qualitative agreement with SCF simulations. These morphologies nucleated and grew from an initially fully homogeneous solution. Quite different morphologies resulted when mixtures of separate solutions of PS and PVP in selective solvents were cast, if PS−PVP of the appropriate asymmetry was added to either the PS or PVP solution. Polymeric high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPE) were formed in which the majority phase was dispersed in the continuous minority phase. A requirement for successful polyHIPE formation is that the selective solvent for the homopolymer and majority block of the block copolymer (continuous phase of the polyHIPE) has to be a sufficiently poor solvent for the minority block, thus inducing a strong segregation of the block copolymer at the interface between the two solution phases. A simple way to ensure that this condition is satisfied is to verify that the PS−PVP block copolymers form micelles in the selective solvents. The formation of such micelles was detected using dynamic light scattering.
Finite Element Model of High Strength Reduced Modulus High Performance Concrete (2016)

High Performance Concrete (HPC) with early strength development is the material of choice in the fabrication of prestressed concrete railroad ties. The higher strength of HPC results in significantly higher values of the Elastic Modulus and increases the brittleness and the rigidity of the material, leading to premature cracking and the deterioration of the railroad ties. A High-Strength Reduced-Modulus High Performance Concrete (HSRM-HPC) material has been developed by the authors and used in the fabrication of prototype concrete ties. Detailed models based on the Finite Element Method of the HSRM-HPC have been developed to simulate the ASTM-C469 tests for elastic modulus. The HSRM-HPC constituent materials, i.e. aggregates and cement mortar, have been explicitly modeled and assigned properties determined experimentally. Aggregates size and distribution is modeled using a combination of probabilistic distributions consistent with the results of an experimental sieve analysis. Details of the development of each model are discussed. The models are verified with experimental data. Assessment studies have been performed in order to optimize the models with respect to efficiency, the quality of the results and computational times.
Acetylated and hydroxypropylated distarch phosphates from waxy barley: paste properties and freeze-thaw stability (1990)

The objectives were to model the cross-linking reaction between waxy barley starch and phosphorus oxychloride and identify conditions that gave distarch phosphate with the highest paste consistency and shear stability; to prepare food-grade acetylated or hydroxypropylated distarch phosphates from waxy barley starch and compare their freeze-thaw properties and clarity with those of similarly modified waxy maize and tapioca starches available commercially; and to examine the breadmaking properties of cross-linked waxy barley starch
Functional nanoparticles obtained from cellulose: engineering the shape and size of 6-carboxycellulose (2013)

Agricultural residue derived cellulose and cotton cellulose were used to synthesize quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 6-carboxycellulose having diameter 25-35 nm. This provides a new range of functionalized nanostructured celluloses with increased versatility and applications. The nanoparticles were efficient in stabilizing carbon nanotube dispersions and were effective anti-microbial agents against E. coli.
Singlet Fission: Progress and Prospects in Solar Cells (2016)

The third generation of photovoltaic technology aims to reduce the fabrication cost and improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. Singlet fission (SF), an efficient multiple exciton generation (MEG) process in organic semiconductors, is one promising way to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of conventional single-junction solar cells. Traditionally, this MEG process has been observed as an intermolecular process in organic materials. The implementation of intermolecular SF in photovoltaic devices has achieved an external quantum efficiency of over 100% and demonstrated significant promise for boosting the PCE of third generation solar cells. More recently, efficient intramolecular SF has been reported. Intramolecular SF materials are modular and have the potential to overcome certain design constraints that intermolecular SF materials possess, which may allow for more facile integration into devices.
Enantioselective Recognition of Aspartic Acids by Chiral Ligand Exchange Potentiometry (2004)

Abstract Enantioselective resolution is realized by combining potentiometry with ligand exchange (CE) in a new method called chiral ligand exchange potentiometry (CLEP). A chiral selector, N ‐carbobenzoxy‐ L ‐aspartic acid (N‐CBZ‐L‐Asp), preferentially recognizes D ‐aspartic acid (D‐Asp) and undergoes ligand exchange with the enantiomeric labile coordination complexes of [Cu(II)(D‐Asp) 2 ] or [Cu(II)(L‐Asp) 2 ] to form a diastereoisomeric complex [(D‐Asp)Cu(II)(N‐CBZ‐L‐Asp)] (a) or [(L‐Asp)Cu(II)(N‐CBZ‐L‐Asp)] (b). Considerable stereoselectivity occurs in the formation of these diastereoisomeric complexes, and their net charges were −2 (a) and 0 (b), respectively, resulting in different Nernst factor (electrode slope), thus enabling chiral D‐Asp to be distinguished by potentiometry without any pre‐ or postseparation processes.
Experimental Realization of Color Hologram Using Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Manipulating Metasurface (2016)

We design and fabricate a Pancharatnam-Berry phase manipulating metasurface to experimentally demonstrate a three-color RGB pattern. The color pattern is produced by illuminating a nanostructured silver metasurface hologram with a white light source.
Cartilage Regeneration (2013)

Cartilage damaged by trauma has a limited capacity to regenerate. Current methods of managing small chondral defects include palliative treatment with arthroscopic débridement and lavage, reparative treatment with marrow-stimulation techniques (eg, microfracture), and restorative treatment, including osteochondral grafting and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Larger defects are managed with osteochondral allograft or total joint arthroplasty. However, the future of managing cartilage defects lies in providing biologic solutions through cartilage regeneration. Laboratory and clinical studies have examined the management of larger lesions using tissue-engineered cartilage. Regenerated cartilage can be derived from various cell types, including chondrocytes, pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Common scaffolding materials include proteins, carbohydrates, synthetic materials, and composite polymers. Scaffolds may be woven, spun into nanofibers, or configured as hydrogels. Chondrogenesis may be enhanced with the application of chondroinductive growth factors. Bioreactors are being developed to enhance nutrient delivery and provide mechanical stimulation to tissue-engineered cartilage ex vivo. The multidisciplinary approaches currently being developed to produce cartilage promise to bring to fruition the desire for cartilage regeneration in clinical use.
Efficient Removal and Recovery of Perfluorinated Compounds from Water by Surface-tethered β-Cyclodextrins on Polystyrene Particles (2013)

Abstract To efficiently remove and recover perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) from water, surface-tethered β-cyclodextrins (CDs) on the surface of polystyrene (PS) particles (PS-β-CDs) were prepared. The PS-β-CDs with a 36% β-CD content showed high adsorption capability against these PFCs from water via inclusion complex formation. The perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) adsorbed onto PS-β-CDs were easily and quantitatively recovered by washing with acetone.
1: An Innovative Acid-Resistant Low-Alloy Steel (2004)

New S-TEN TM* 1, a corrosion resistant low alloy steel (CRLS) was developed. Based on the conventional S-TEN TM 1, a classic and standard CRLS for sulfuric acid dew corrosion, its corrosion resistance against acid containing chlorides such as hydro- chloric acid was drastically improved by Nippon Steel's novel alloy-design technol- ogy. As an economical countermeasure against acid dew corrosion, new S-TEN TM 1 is being widely used for plants such as power stations, waste incinerators, industrial refuse furnaces, and various so-called eco-plants, in which hydrochloric acid dew corrosion as well as sulfuric acid dew corrosion is anticipated. New welding materi- als for new S-TEN TM 1 were also developed, which show equivalent corrosion resist- ance and solve selective corrosion of welded metal.
Temperature Dependent Mechanical Properties of Doped Silicon Microcantilevers (2007)

This paper reports temperature dependent resonance frequency and quality factor of microcantilevers over the temperature range 25-175degC. Either local heating from integrated solid state resistors or uniform heating on a hotplate were employed. The microcantilevers were made of either boron-doped or phosphorus-doped single crystalline silicon. Both cantilever types showed decreasing resonant frequency with increasing temperature, and the cantilever mechanical quality factor was not a function of temperature over the temperature range tested. The presence of a silicon dioxide layer adjacent to the cantilever can affect the cantilever mechanical response, and so care must be taken to eliminate this layer.
Kerr-lens mode locking with minimum nonlinearity using gain-matched output couplers (2010)

Broadband Kerr-lens mode locking is demonstrated at greatly reduced mode-locking strength with a gain-matched output coupler that compensates for gain filtering. Already at very low pump powers, slightly above the cw lasing threshold, we are able to initiate robust mode locking and generate <8 fs output pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser with good beam quality. Because dielectric coatings offer flexible design capabilities, this approach is applicable to various lasers with different gain media to extract pulses covering the full gain spectrum with minimum saturable absorber action.
Protein‐Protein Nanoimprinting of Silk Fibroin Films (2013)

Protein-protein imprinting of silk fibroin is introduced as a rapid, high-throughput method for the fabrication of nanoscale structures in silk films, through the application of heat and pressure. Imprinting on conformal surfaces is demonstrated with minor adjustments to the system, at resolutions comparable to other currently available nonplanar nanoimprint lithography techniques.
In-plant testing of microbubble column flotation. Third quarter technical progress report, April 1, 1990--June 30, 1990 (1990)

During the past year, a joint project between the US Department of Energy (DOE), the Virginia Center for Coal and Minerals Processing (VCCMP) and the Shell Mining Corporation (SMC) was initiated to implement the testing of a full-scale microbubble flotation column. The work is being carried out at the Marrowbone Preparation Plant, located near Naugatuck in southwestern West Virginia. The primary objective of this effort was to determine the feasibility of using microbubble column flotation for the recovery of coal fines from a classifying cyclone overflow stream that is presently being discarded as refuse.
The reciprocal partners of both the t(14; 18) and the t(11; 14) translocations involved in B-cell neoplasms are rearranged by the same mechanism. (1988)

Both the t(14; 18) and the t(11; 14) chromosomal translocations are associated with human B-cell neoplasms. Sequence analysis of the regions on chromosomes 18q- and 11q- involved in the joining of chromosomes 14 and 18 and of chromosomes 11 and 14 during their respective translocations indicates the involvement of the DH region. There is a deletion of the region between the involved D segment and the JH region, and extranucleotides are present at the joining sites on the 18q- and on the 11q- chromosomes. We have previously reported that the joining region on chromosome 14q+ involved in both the t(11; 14) and the t(14; 18) translocations are structurally identical. We now report that the joining regions on chromosomes 11q- and 18q- involved in these two different translocations are also identical. Thus, these translocations arose by the same mechanisms. The deletions of the region between the involved segment and the JH region must likely occur during either a D-J recombination event on the 18q- and 11q- chromosomes following the translocations or, alternatively, during the D-J recombination event that results in the translocation.
Stool DNA Test of Methylated <i>Syndecan-2</i> for the Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Although the incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing, screening for colorectal cancer with conventional approaches is not routinely performed in China. Noninvasive screening methods are attractive options to resolve this issue. <i>Syndecan-2 (SDC2)</i> is frequently methylated in colorectal cancer. However, the value of a stool test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> for the detection of colorectal cancer is unknown.<b>Methods:</b> Methylation status of <i>SDC2</i> was tested in cell lines and 398 colorectal tissue samples and further evaluated with 497 stool samples, including 196 from colorectal cancer patients, 122 from adenoma patients, and 179 from normal individuals, using real-time methylation-specific PCR. The impacts of one quantitative partial stool sampling device and 17 potentially interfering substances on the performance of fecal methylated <i>SDC2</i> were also analyzed. <i>SDC2</i> expression was also measured.<b>Results:</b><i>SDC2</i> methylation level was higher in 96.8% (120/124) of colorectal cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent normal epithelia. Stool test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> detected 81.1% (159/196) of colorectal cancer and 58.2% (71/122) of adenomas at a specificity of 93.3% (167/179). No significant difference was found between partial and whole stool collection on colorectal cancer detection (<i>P</i> > 0.05, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.80). Among 17 interfering substances, only berberine at high concentrations inhibited fecal detection of methylated <i>SDC2</i><i>SDC2</i> was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal epithelia.<b>Conclusions:</b> Fecal methylated <i>SDC2</i> is a valuable biomarker for the noninvasive detection of colorectal neoplasms.<b>Impact:</b> Stool DNA test of methylated <i>SDC2</i> would serve as an alternative method for screening colorectal neoplasms. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1411-9. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Integrated Optical Polarizer for Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides Using Evanescent Wave Coupling to Gap Plasmon–Polaritons (2008)

Resonant coupling to a gap plasmon-polariton supported by a metal-dielectric nanoscale multilayer on top of a silicon guiding core is proposed for polarization control in silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The device functionality relies on the unusual dispersion properties of the gap plasmon-polaritons, whose modal index can be significantly higher than the refractive index of the gap layer.
Abstract 1373: Comprehensive analysis of HBV DNA methylation in liver tissues of hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients (2014)

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus causing hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients, HBV DNA circulates in blood as virion DNA and exists in hepatocytes both as nuclear form (episomal cccDNA and integrated DNA) and as cytoplasmic core DNA form. It has been reported that HBV infection up-regulates DNMTs and thus induces epigenetic changes in the host cells. Understanding the methylation status of the HBV DNA in its different forms can potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of HBV-related liver diseases including hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies conducted in patient serum and in cell cultures have demonstrated that the CpG islands of HBV virion DNA are in the unmethylated state, and cccDNA methylation has been extensively studied for its role in the regulation of transcription, but very few studies have investigated the methylation status of integrated HBV DNA in human liver tissues. To better understand the methylation status of HBV DNA in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and HCC, a comprehensive methylation profile of three CpG islands in the HBV genome was assessed by BS-sequencing, and methylation of each of the 3 CpG islands was compared by using bisulfite specific PCR and methylation specific PCR assays in a larger sample size. We observed that the methylation of CpG island 1 and 3 of HBV DNA from liver tissues was significantly higher in HCC as compared to hepatitis and cirrhosis. We also obtained, for the first time, the evidence of rare non-CpG methylation in the CpG island 1 and 2 of HBV genome in liver tissues. The overall co-relation of HBV genome methylation and disease progression was also investigated. In addition, no co-relation between the methylation levels of the HBV genome and host genome was found, suggesting independent mechanisms regulate the methylation of host and viral genomes. The mechanisms of HBV genome methylation in liver disease and its regulation are discussed. Citation Format: Surbhi Jain, Sitong Chen, Batbold Boldbaatar, Selena Y. Lin, Ran Yan, Chi-Tan Hu, Haitao Guo, Timothy M. Block, Wei song, Ying-Hsiu Su. Comprehensive analysis of HBV DNA methylation in liver tissues of hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1373
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of All Known (−)-Agelastatin Alkaloids (2013)

The full details of our enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-agelastatins A-F (1-6), the evolution of a new methodology for synthesis of substituted azaheterocycles, and the first side-by-side evaluation of all known (-)-agelastatin alkaloids against nine human cancer cell lines are described. Our concise synthesis of these alkaloids exploits the intrinsic chemistry of plausible biosynthetic precursors and capitalizes on a late-stage synthesis of the C-ring. The critical copper-mediated cross-coupling reaction was expanded to include guanidine-based systems, offering a versatile preparation of substituted imidazoles. The direct comparison of the anticancer activity of all naturally occurring (-)-agelastatins in addition to eight advanced synthetic intermediates enabled a systematic analysis of the structure-activity relationship within the natural series. Significantly, (-)-agelastatin A (1) is highly potent against six blood cancer cell lines (20-190 nM) without affecting normal red blood cells (>333 μM). (-)-Agelastatin A (1) and (-)-agelastatin D (4), the two most potent members of this family, induce dose-dependent apoptosis and arrest cells in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle; however, using confocal microscopy, we have determined that neither alkaloid affects tubulin dynamics within cells.
Parallel and nonparallel simultaneous multislice black‐blood double inversion recovery techniques for vessel wall imaging (2004)

Future MRI atherosclerotic plaque studies can be performed in substantially shorter times using these methods.
Fluidic microchemomechanical integrated circuits processing chemical information (2012)

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has blossomed into a major new technology fundamentally influencing the sciences of life and nature. From a systemic point of view however, microfluidics is still in its infancy. Here, we present the concept of a microfluidic central processing unit (CPU) which shows remarkable similarities to early electronic Von Neumann microprocessors. It combines both control and execution units and, moreover, the complete power supply on a single chip and introduces the decision-making ability regarding chemical information into fluidic integrated circuits (ICs). As a consequence of this system concept, the ICs process chemical information completely in a self-controlled manner and energetically self-sustaining. The ICs are fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of several overlapping layers based on different intrinsically active polymers. As examples we present two microchips carrying out long-term monitoring of critical parameters by around-the-clock sampling.
Validation and Comparison of Approaches to Respiratory Motion Estimation (2013)

The accuracy of respiratory motion estimation has a direct impact on the success of clinical applications such as diagnosis, as well as planning, delivery, and assessment of therapy for lung or other thoracic diseases. While rigid registration is well suited to validation and has reached a mature state in clinical applications, for non-rigid registration no gold-standard exists. This chapter investigates the validation of non-rigid registration accuracy with a focus on lung motion. The central questions addressed in this chapter are (1) how to measure registration accuracy, (2) how to generate ground-truth for validation, and (3) how to interpret accuracy assessment results.
A structural analysis of the regulatory domain from the cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα (2011)

Background The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) has two tandem cyclic nucleotide binding (CNB) domains which act as the primary intracellular receptor for cGMP [1,2]. PKG exhibits a homodimeric rod-like structure which undergoes significant molecular rearrangements upon the binding of cGMP [3-5]. However, a detailed structural analysis of the core regulatory elements inherent to PKG is still required.
Dynamic Interference Mitigation for Generalized Partially Connected Quasi-Static MIMO Interference Channel (2011)

Recent works on MIMO interference channels have shown that interference alignment can significantly increase the achievable degrees of freedom (dof) of the network. However, most of these works have assumed a fully connected interference graph. In this paper, we investigate how the partial connectivity can be exploited to enhance system performance in MIMO interference networks. We propose a novel interference mitigation scheme which introduces constraints for the signal subspaces of the precoders and decorrelators to mitigate “many” interference nulling constraints at a cost of “little” freedoms in precoder and decorrelator design so as to extend the feasibility region of the interference alignment scheme. Our analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can significantly increase system dof in symmetric partially connected MIMO interference networks. We also compare the performance of the proposed scheme with various baselines and show via simulations that the proposed algorithms could achieve significant gain in the system performance of randomly connected interference networks.