gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic thermal switches (1980)

Two automatic switches control heat flow from one thermally conductive plate to another. One switch permits heat flow to outside; other limits heat flow. In one switch, heat on conductive plate activates piston that forces saddle against plate. Heat carriers then conduct heat to second plate that radiates it away. After temperature is first plate drops, piston contracts and spring breaks thermal contact with plate. In second switch, action is reversed.
Dynamics and Control of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle: Part 1 - Aerodynamic Model (Postprint) (2009)

Abstract : An aerodynamic model for the forces and moments acting on a minimally actuated flapping wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV) are derived from blade element theory. The proposed vehicle is similar to the Harvard RoboFly that accomplished the first takeoff of an insect scale flapping wing aircraft, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings and the vehicle center-of-gravity can be manipulated for control purposes. Using a blade element-based approach, both instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments are computed for a specific type of wing beat motion that enables nearly decoupled, multi-degree-of-freedom control of the aircraft. The wing positions are controlled using oscillators whose frequencies change once per wing beat cycle. A new technique is introduced, called Split-Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation, that has the desirable property of providing a high level of control input decoupling for vehicles without active angle-of-attack control. Like the RoboFly, the wing angle-of-attack variation is passive by design, and is a function of the instantaneous angular velocity of the wing in the stroke plane. A control-oriented dynamic model of the vehicle is derived, which is based on a cycle-averaged representation of the forces and moments. Control derivatives are calculated and a cycle-averaged control law is designed that provides control over 5 degrees-of-freedom of the vehicle.
Abstract 2780: Engineering human fusion constructs for targeted delivery of granzyme B to CD33 and CEA antigens (2018)

Abstract Our laboratory has developed a unique platform for the delivery of the highly pro-apoptotic serine protease granzyme B (GrB). The construct contains enzymatically active GrB and therefore does not require release from the targeting carrier by a fragile linker in contrast to conventional antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). We employed two scFvs targeting the CD33 antigen found on AML and the juxtamembrane epitope of CEA found on numerous solid tumors. These human scFvs (designated HU33 and CEA respectively) were fused to human GrB through an engineered IgG heavy-chain fragment (hinge to Fc and designated Fc) which contains a dimerization domain. The GrB-Fc-HU33 and GrB-Fc-CEA constructs were cloned into the pSECTag vector containing an upstream 5kDa purification tag with an enterokinase (EK) cleavage site for facile removal. The molecules were expressed in transiently-transfected HEK-293E suspension cells and grown at 37°C for 3 days in 5% CO2. The molecules were isolated from culture media and purified by IMAC followed by EK cleavage and SP chromatography to remove the free tag. The yields were 6-10 mg/L for both molecules. Specific binding of each molecule to the antigen target is undergoing Biacore and/or ELISA assessment. The cytotoxicity of the GrB-Fc-HU33 against HL-60 cells showed a specific cytotoxic effect with an IC50 of 120 nM. Tests of this agent against a panel of cells expressing various levels of CD33 are ongoing. The cytotoxic effects of the GrB-Fc-CEA were assessed against HT29, HT1080-CEA and A431 cells and demonstrated IC50 values of 80, 110 and 95 nM respectively. Based on IC50 values, these data demonstrate that the fusion construct targeting CD33 is efficiently internalized and effectively delivers active serine protease to the cytosol even at relatively low antigen expression levels. In addition, the juxtamembrane epitope of the CEA antibody also allows efficient internalization for delivery of GrB to the cytosol. Immunofluorescence and confocal studies to examine the time course of internalization and the pro-apoptotic events triggered by these agents are under examination and will be presented. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: Lawrence H. Cheung, Khalid A. Mohamedali, Walter N. Hittelman, Michael G. Rosenblum. Engineering human fusion constructs for targeted delivery of granzyme B to CD33 and CEA antigens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2780.
Design of an α-l-transfucosidase for the synthesis of fucosylated HMOs (2015)

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are recognized as benefiting breast-fed infants in multiple ways. As a result, there is growing interest in the synthesis of HMOs mimicking their natural diversity. Most HMOs are fucosylated oligosaccharides. α-l-Fucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of α-l-fucose from the non-reducing end of a glucan. They fall into the glycoside hydrolase GH29 and GH95 families. The GH29 family fucosidases display a classic retaining mechanism and are good candidates for transfucosidase activity. We recently demonstrated that the α-l-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmαFuc) from the GH29 family can be evolved into an efficient transfucosidase by directed evolution ( Osanjo et al. 2007). In this work, we developed semi-rational approaches to design an α-l-transfucosidase starting with the α-l-fucosidase from commensal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (BiAfcB, Blon_2336). Efficient fucosylation was obtained with enzyme mutants (L321P-BiAfcB and F34I/L321P-BiAfcB) enabling in vitro synthesis of lactodifucotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose III and lacto-N-difucohexaose I. The enzymes also generated more complex HMOs like fucosylated para-lacto-N-neohexaose (F-p-LNnH) and mono- or difucosylated lacto-N-neohexaose (F-LNnH-I, F-LNnH-II and DF-LNnH). It is worth noting that mutation at these two positions did not result in a strong decrease in the overall activity of the enzyme, which makes these variants interesting candidates for large-scale transfucosylation reactions. For the first time, this work provides an efficient enzymatic method to synthesize the majority of fucosylated HMOs.
Development of X-Ray Computed Tomography Image Quality Indicators, "IQIs" (2018)

The intent of this effort, which is funded through the NASA OSMA NDE Program, is to develop a methodology and tools to assess Computed Tomography (CT) system performance. In particular, our team has fabricated Image Quality Indicators (IQIs) using materials and internal features useful for assessing CT detectability limits, contrast sensitivity, and resolution. Unlike traditional 2D radiography IQIs, those for CT should be more conducive to volumetric datasets and of uniform aspect ratio cross-sections.
Combinations of the First and Next Generations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Fusion Inhibitors Exhibit a Highly Potent Synergistic Effect against Enfuvirtide- Sensitive and -Resistant HIV Type 1 Strains (2009)

T20 (generic name, enfuvirtide; brand name, Fuzeon) is a first-generation human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor approved for salvage therapy of HIV-infected patients refractory to current antiretroviral drugs. However, its clinical use is limited because of rapid emergence of T20-resistant viruses in T20-treated patients. Therefore, T1249 and T1144 are being developed as the second- and third-generation HIV fusion inhibitors, respectively, with improved efficacy and drug resistance profiles. Here, we found that combinations of T20 with T1249 and/or T1144 resulted in exceptionally potent synergism (combination index, <0.01) against HIV-1-mediated membrane fusion by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in dose reduction. Highly potent synergistic antiviral efficacy was also achieved against infection by laboratory-adapted and primary HIV-1 strains, including T20-resistant variants. The mechanism underlying the synergistic effect could be attributed to the fact that T20, T1249, and T1144 all contain different functional domains and have different primary binding sites in gp41. As such, they may work cooperatively to inhibit gp41 six-helix bundle core formation, thereby suppressing virus-cell fusion. Therefore, these findings strongly imply that, rather than replacing T20, combining it with HIV fusion inhibitors of different generations might produce synergistic activity against both T20-sensitive and -resistant HIV-1 strains, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection/AIDS.
Reductive Alkylation of Arenes by a Thiol-Based Multicomponent Reaction (2015)

A simple and highly chemo- and regioselective method for introducing primary alkyl substituents into aromatic compounds was developed. The method is based on an electrophilic aromatic substitution of an aldehyde, promoted by a thiol, to afford 1-(alkylthio)alkylarenes, which can either be reduced in situ with triethylsilane or reacted further. This multicomponent reaction enables the direct introduction of both aromatic and linear and branched aliphatic alkyl groups into arenes. The above one-pot protocol may be performed in air and in the presence of water and is compatible with various functional groups.
A floating-gate MOS learning array with locally computed weight updates (1997)

We have demonstrated on-chip learning in an array of floating-gate MOS synapse transistors. The array comprises one synapse transistor at each node, and normalization circuitry at the row boundaries. The array computes the inner product of a column input vector and a stored weight matrix. The weights are stored as floating-gate charge; they are nonvolatile, but can increase when we apply a row-learn signal. The input and learn signals are digital pulses; column input pulses that are coincident with row-learn pulses cause weight increases at selected synapses. The normalization circuitry forces row synapses to compete for floating-gate charge, bounding the weight values. The array simultaneously exhibits fast computation and slow adaptation: The inner product computes in 10 /spl mu/s, whereas the weight normalization takes minutes to hours.
High-current ion-ring accelerator (1993)

An accelerator concept is outlined which enables ${10}^{15}$ to ${10}^{18}$ ions in the form of a charge neutralized ion ring to be accelerated to GeV energies. A repetition rate of 10 Hz will deliver an average current in the range of 0.1 A.
Analytical reconstruction formula for one-dimensional Compton camera (1997)

The Compton camera has been proposed as an alternative to the Anger camera in SPECT. The advantage of the Compton camera is its high geometric efficiency due to electronic collimation. The Compton camera collects projections that are integrals over cone surfaces. Although some progress has been made toward image reconstruction from cone projections, at present no filtered backprojection algorithm exists. This paper investigates a simple 2D version of the imaging problem. An analytical formula is developed for 2D reconstruction from data acquired by a 1D Compton camera that consists of two linear detectors; one behind the other. Coincidence photon detection allows the localization of the 2D source distribution to two lines in the shape of a "V" with the vertex on the front detector. A set of "V" projection data can be divided into subsets whose elements can be viewed as line-integrals of the original image added with its mirrored shear transformation. If the detector has infinite extent, reconstruction of the original image is possible using data from only one such subset. Computer-simulations were performed to verify the newly developed algorithm.
Detection and analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 in Hungarian wild boars: Short communication (2008)

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is considered to be a non-pathogenic virus detected in cell cultures, vaccines or products used for cell culture preparations, all of them of porcine origin. Serological evidence and genetic studies suggested that PCV1 was widespread in domestic pigs. The presence of PCV1 in wild boars in Germany was also described using serological methods. This paper reports the first detection of PCV1 in Hungarian wild boars. Samples were collected at slaughterhouses and processed for polymerase chain reactions. The complete genome of PCV1 detected in the samples was determined and compared with the available PCV1 sequences of the GenBank database. The genomes formed two distinct clusters with minimum differences, where the Hungarian wild boar PCV1 (WB-H8) grouped together with genomes originating from domestic swine from China and Australia and with a genome detected in a porcine pepsin product.
Direct sulfur recovery process for elemental sulfur recovery from gas (1990)

Research Triangle Institute, under contract to the US Department of Energy, has investigated several processes for recovering elemental sulfur from tail-gas that contains SO{sub 2}. The work focuses on a dilute tail-gas that is produced by the oxidation regeneration of mixed metal oxide sorbents. The sorbents have been proposed for hot gas cleanup of raw coal gas, upstream of a gas turbine in an integrated, gasification/combined-cycle system. It was found that elemental sulfur could be continuously recovered from the tail-gas, thereby eliminating the Claus processing. In a single stage, over 90% of the SO{sub 2} was converted to elemental sulfur using the new direct recovery process (DSRP). In a two-staged system, overall recoveries of over 99.5% are expected.
Regulation of Inhibitory Pathways of the Interleukin‐1 System (1998)

The IL-1 system includes two agonists, converting enzymes, antagonists, and two receptors (R). New elements and functions in the system will be discussed, including (a) cloning of a new isoform of the receptor antagonist; (b) further analysis of the type II IL-1-binding molecule as a decoy R. The modulation of IL-1R by chemotactic signals was recently investigated. It was found that chemoattractants cause rapid release of the type II decoy R from myelomonocytic cells with a t1/2 of 30 sec. Induction of decoy R release represents an early event in the multistep process of recruitment. It may serve to block the systemic action of IL-1 leaking from sites of inflammation, while preserving responsiveness in situ. We recently cloned the first long pentraxin, PTX3 (human and mouse, cDNA and genomic) as an IL-1-inducible gene. The structural and functional features of this molecule as well as initial evidence of involvement in human pathology will be discussed.
Noninvasive beam position, size, divergence and energy diagnostics using diffraction radiation (1999)

We have developed non-invasive methods to measure the size, position, divergence and energy of a relativistic charged particle beam using diffraction radiation (DR). The DR is produced by the interaction of the beam fields with single or multiple apertures inclined at an angle of 45° with respect to the beam velocity, ν. We propose to utilize the near field image, far field angular distribution (AD) and polarization of backward DR, observed at 90° with respect to ν, to diagnose the beam. Unlike transition radiation (TR), the AD of DR is generally a function of the beam’s transverse size, ρ and position of the centroid relative to the center of the aperture, b as well as the divergence, s and energy, E. We show how the effects of ρ and b on the AD can be minimized or maximized by proper choice of the ratio: R=a/γƛ, where a is the distance from the edge of the aperture to the center of the beam, ƛ=λ/2π, λ is the observed wavelength and γ is the Lorentz factor. For example, when R<1, the AD of DR is insensitive to ρ and b: the AD can then be used to determine s and E. For the case R=2.4, the effect of ρ for a beam centered in the aperture is maximized and the AD can be utilized to measure ρ. In addition, we present a preliminary analysis, which shows how the and polarization of DR can be employed to determine the beam centroid position b.
Impact of Cold Aisle Containment on Thermal Performance of Data Center (2013)

The use of air containment systems has been a growing trend in the data center industry and is an important energy saving strategy for data center optimization. Cold Aisle Containment (CAC) is one of the most effective passive cooling solutions for high density heat load applications. Cold Aisle Containment provides a physical separation between the cold air and the hot exhaust air by enclosing the cold aisle, preventing hot air recirculation and cold air bypass. This separation provides uniform inlet air temperatures to the servers, which can further contribute to overall data center efficiency. This paper includes the thermal test data for a data center lab with and without a CAC set up. The paper quantifies the thermal impact of implementing a CAC system over an open Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle (HA/CA) arrangement for three different cabinet heat load conditions at two different CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioner) return air set point conditions. It studies the advantages of CAC over standard HA/CA arrangement. A case study has been presented showing a cooling energy savings of 22% with the use of a CAC system over a standard HA/CA arrangement.
Iron(II) Catalysis in Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Ozone in Acetonitrile (2015)

Oxidation of alcohols, ethers, and sulfoxides by ozone in acetonitrile is catalyzed by submillimolar concentrations of Fe(CH3CN)62+. The catalyst provides both rate acceleration and greater selectivity toward the less oxidized products. For example, Fe(CH3CN)62+-catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol yields benzaldehyde almost exclusively (>95%), whereas the uncatalyzed reaction generates a 1:1 mixture of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Similarly, aliphatic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes/ketones, cyclobutanol to cyclobutanone, and diethyl ether to a 1:1 mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde. The kinetics of oxidation of alcohols and diethyl ether are first-order in [Fe(CH3CN)62+] and [O3] and independent of [substrate] at concentrations greater than ∼5 mM. In this regime, the rate constant for all of the alcohols is approximately the same, kcat = (8 ± 1) × 104 M–1 s–1, and that for (C2H5)2O is (5 ± 0.5) × 104 M–1 s–1. In the absence of substrate, Fe(CH3CN)62+ reacts with O3 with kFe = (9.3 ± 0.3) × 104 M–1 s–1. The similarity between the rate constants kFe and kcat strongly argues for Fe(CH3CN)62+/O3 reaction as rate-determining in catalytic oxidation. The active oxidant produced in Fe(CH3CN)62+/O3 reaction is suggested to be an Fe(IV) species in analogy with a related intermediate in aqueous solutions. This assignment is supported by the similarity in kinetic isotope effects and relative reactivities of the two species toward substrates.
Decorin Binds Fibrinogen in a Zn2+-dependent Interaction (2003)

We have previously shown that decorin, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family of extracellular matrix proteoglycans/glycoproteins is a Zn(2+) metalloprotein at physiological Zn(2+) concentrations (Yang, V. W-C., LaBrenz, S. R., Rosenberg, L. C., McQuillan, D., and Höök, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12454-12460). We now report that the decorin proteoglycan binds fibrinogen in the presence of Zn(2+). The fibrinogen-binding site is located in the N-terminal domain of the decorin core protein and a 45-amino acid peptide representing this domain binds to the fibrinogen D fragment with an apparent K(D) of 1.7 x 10(-6) m, as determined from fluorescence polarization data. Furthermore, we show that Zn(2+) promotes the self-association of decorin. The N-terminal domain of the core protein also mediates this activity. The results of solid-phase binding assays and gel filtration chromatography suggest that the N-terminal domain of decorin, when present at low micromolar concentrations, forms an oligomer in a Zn(2+)-dependent manner. Thus, Zn(2+) appears to play a pivotal role in the interactions and biological function of decorin.
Multifold Acceleration of Diffusion MRI via Slice-Interleaved Diffusion Encoding (SIDE) (2020)

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a unique imaging technique for in vivo characterization of tissue microstructure and white matter pathways. However, its relatively long acquisition time implies greater motion artifacts when imaging, for example, infants and Parkinson's disease patients. To accelerate dMRI acquisition, we propose in this paper (i) a diffusion encoding scheme, called Slice-Interleaved Diffusion Encoding (SIDE), that interleaves each diffusion-weighted (DW) image volume with slices that are encoded with different diffusion gradients, essentially allowing the slice-undersampling of image volume associated with each diffusion gradient to significantly reduce acquisition time, and (ii) a method based on deep learning for effective reconstruction of DW images from the highly slice-undersampled data. Evaluation based on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset indicates that our method can achieve a high acceleration factor of up to 6 with minimal information loss. Evaluation using dMRI data acquired with SIDE acquisition demonstrates that it is possible to accelerate the acquisition by as much as 50 folds when combined with multi-band imaging.
<title>Motionless head for parallel readout optical disk for optoelectronic content-addressable memory system</title> (1993)

The latest experimental results of the motionless head parallel readout system for optical disks are presented. The system is designed to read data blocks encoded as 1D Fourier holograms distributed radially on the disk active surface. Such systems offer several advantages: high data rates, low retrieval times and simple optical implementation.
Subpicosecond kilowatt pulses from a mode-locked cw dye laser (1974)

Subpicosecond pulses (0.5–1.0 psec) have been generated by passive mode locking of a composite medium dye laser. Both the gain medium and saturable absorber are placed in a single free-flowing dye stream located near the center of the resonator. Peak pulse powers of several kilowatts have been obtained by acousto-optically dumping the mode-locked pulses from the optical cavity at repetition rates up to 105 pps.
Simple MAP Decoding of First-Order Reed–Muller and Hamming Codes (2004)

A maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability decoder of a block code minimizes the probability of error for each transmitted symbol separately. The standard way of implementing MAP decoding of a linear code is the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm, which is based on a trellis representation of the code. The complexity of the BCJR algorithm for the first-order Reed-Muller (RM-1) codes and Hamming codes is proportional to n/sup 2/, where n is the code's length. In this correspondence, we present new MAP decoding algorithms for binary and nonbinary RM-1 and Hamming codes. The proposed algorithms have complexities proportional to q/sup 2/n log/sub q/n, where q is the alphabet size. In particular, for the binary codes this yields complexity of order n log n.