gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt Growth of High‐Critical‐Temperature Superconducting Fibers (1988)

To determine the intrinsic properties of the newly discovered high‐critical‐temperature oxide superconductors, their single crystals are necessary. Using the float‐zone technique with CO 2 laser heating, coarse‐grained polycrystalline superconducting La‐Sr‐Cu‐O fibers have been grown directly from the melt of a sintered compact. Cu‐O is lost from the liquid and can be compensated by the addition of an excess of CuO in the compact. Superconducting properties (including T c and Meissner effect), X‐ray diffraction, and EDAX indicate that the La/Sr stoichiometry is not maintained from the sintered compact to the melt‐grown material. Attempts to grow an analogous fiber in the Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O system were unsuccessful because the very high evaporation rates of the constituents precluded the maintenance of a molten zone. The results also indicate that patterning of circuits on thin films of the Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O superconductor can be achieved using laser irradiation.
Chimeric Vaccines Based on Novel Insect-Specific Flaviviruses (2021)

Vector-borne flaviviruses are responsible for nearly half a billion human infections worldwide each year, resulting in millions of cases of debilitating and severe diseases and approximately 115,000 deaths. While approved vaccines are available for some of these viruses, the ongoing efficacy, safety and supply of these vaccines are still a significant problem. New technologies that address these issues and ideally allow for the safe and economical manufacture of vaccines in resource-poor countries where flavivirus vaccines are in most demand are urgently required. Preferably a new vaccine platform would be broadly applicable to all flavivirus diseases and provide new candidate vaccines for those diseases not yet covered, as well as the flexibility to rapidly pivot to respond to newly emerged flavivirus diseases. Here, we review studies conducted on novel chimeric vaccines derived from insect-specific flaviviruses that provide a potentially safe and simple system to produce highly effective vaccines against a broad spectrum of flavivirus diseases.
Automatic and Efficient R Wave Discrimination in the Right Atrium Using a Two‐State Hidden Markov Model (1999)

Far-field R wave detection in the right atrium by the two-state HMM is reliable and accurate, and can significantly improve atrial arrhythmia management for patients.
Carbon nanotube field effect transistors - fabrication, device physics, and circuit implications (2003)

The device and circuit implications of carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFET) as a logic technology are assessed. The salient device characteristics and fabrication techniques are described based on measured device parameters. The device/circuit performance of CNFET are estimated and the key technical challenges to developing the CNFET as a logic technology are discussed.
New Ligands with Affinity for the α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>2</sub>Subtype of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Synthesis, Receptor Binding, and 3D-QSAR Modeling (2006)

A new series of piperazines, diazepanes, diazocanes, diazabicyclononanes, and diazabicyclodecanes with affinity for the alpha4beta2 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were synthesized on the basis of results from a previous computational study. A predictive 3D-QSAR model was developed using the GRID/GOLPE approach (R2 = 0.94, Q2 = 0.83, SDEP = 0.34). The SAR was interpreted in terms of contour maps of the PLS coefficients and in terms of a homology model of the alpha4beta2 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The results reveal that hydrogen bonding from both hydrogens on the protonated amine and from the pyridine nitrogen to a water molecule as well as van der Waals interactions between the substituent bearing the protonated amine and the receptor is of importance for ligand affinity. The combination of 3D-QSAR and homology modeling proved successful for the interpretation of structure-affinity relationships as well as the validation of the individual modeling approaches.
Novel Diffuse White Matter Abnormality Biomarker at Term-Equivalent Age Enhances Prediction of Long-term Motor Development in Children Born Very Preterm (2020)

ABSTRACT Our objective was to evaluate the independent prognostic value of a novel MRI biomarker – objectively diagnosed diffuse white matter abnormality volume (DWMA; diffuse excessive high signal intensity) – for prediction of motor outcomes in very preterm infants. We prospectively enrolled a geographically-based cohort of very preterm infants without severe brain injury and born before 32 weeks gestational age. Structural brain MRI was obtained at term-equivalent age and DWMA volume was objectively quantified using a published validated algorithm. These results were compared with visually classified DWMA. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the value of DWMA volume, independent of known predictors, to predict motor development as assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development, Third Edition at 3 years of age. The mean (SD) gestational age of the cohort was 28.3 (2.4) weeks. In multivariable analyses, controlling for gestational age, sex, and abnormality on structural MRI,DWMA volume was an independent prognostic biomarker of Bayley Motor scores ( β = –12.59 [95% CI: –18.70, –6.48] R 2 =0.41). Conversely, visually classified DWMA was not predictive of motor development. In conclusion, objectively quantified DWMA is an independent prognostic biomarker of long-term motor development in very preterm infants and warrants further study.
Inverse design of microreactor flow fields through anisotropic porous media optimization and dehomogenization (2022)

Microreactors are widely used in energy storage and conversion systems, where fluid flow fields play a significant role in reaction-fluid performance. While conventional and bio-inspired flow fields have been investigated in literature, they are often limited to a forward design framework. Forward-designed flow fields depend on an initial layout selection with limited design freedom. In this paper, an inverse design and dehomogenization framework is proposed to discover innovative microreactor flow field designs. A gradient-based method is applied to optimize the spatially varying orientation of anisotropic porous media. A dehomogenization method is adopted to recover the optimized porous media performance by way of intricate microchannel structures in a post-processing step. Through a numerical example, we find trade-offs between the reaction performance and fluid flow performance for multiple optimized microreactor flow fields. Parallel flow fields are confirmed as low pressure drop designs. Branching flow fields with primary and secondary flow paths are discovered for enhanced reaction performance. Optimized designs with balanced reaction-fluid performance can also be obtained with input design requirements. The three-dimensional (3D) performance of each flow field design is verified by additional numerical simulation. The optimized flow fields are shown to outperform conventional parallel and serpentine benchmark designs. The findings of the paper will be useful in novel reactor flow field designs for enhanced performance in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and energy applications.
Magneto-optic recording materials with direct overwrite capability (1986)

The possibility of achieving direct overwrite capability in magneto-optic thin films is demonstrated. By using films having a compensation temperature tens of degrees higher than the ambient temperature, the demagnetizing field can effectively be used as a bias field for thermomagnetic writing in which writing and erasing of domains are accomplished in the absence of a magnetic field. A read-before-write scheme is proposed to facilitate the write/erase laser trigger signal to perform overwriting in real time.
Feasibility of separations for distillation of nonideal ternary mixtures (1993)

Abstract The product compositions in single‐feed distillation columns can be specified only in certain regions of the composition space, which depend only on the pressure, feed, and vapor‐liquid equilibrium for the mixture. In nonideal mixtures, even without azeotropes, the regions may allow unusual product distributions. For example, the distillate in a “direct split” is composed primarily of the lightest component. Intuition and experience with relatively ideal mixtures suggest that the next most plentiful component is the intermediate boiler. In nonideal mixtures, however, with or without azeotropes, the next most plentiful component may be the highestboiling species with only trace amounts of the intermediate boiler. For azeotropic mixtures, distillation boundaries may give rise to additional restrictions on the product compositions. We describe how simple distillation boundaries deform into continuous distillation boundaries and, in a limited number of cases, how the simple distillation boundaries can be crossed in continuous columns for certain ranges of the design variables. Unfortunately, such designs may be quite sensitive to model uncertainties or to disturbances in the parameters.
Security Wrapper Orchestration in Cloud (2018)

We present an architecture and implementation of the security wrapper concept for the protection of virtualized network functions in a cloud environment. The security wrapper is the enclosing of a set of virtualized resources within a data plane transparent protective envelope in the network forwarding graph. The extent and capabilities of this envelope are dynamic. We present a prototype implementation of the security wrapper and analyze its behaviour in different operation scenarios. Measurements of the wrapper orchestration delays, resource overhead and data plane traffic impact indicate that the proposed mechanism can be deployed in virtualized networks with little overhead while remaining relatively transparent to the traffic traversing the security wrapper boundary.
Synthesis and characterization of catalytic nanoporous carbon membranes (2001)

Abstract A method is reported for the synthesis of nobel catalyic nanoporous carbon membranes. Defect‐free, nanoporous carbon films of 12.5−μm average thickness containing a dispersion of Pt x were synthesized on macroporous stainless‐steel supports. Ideal gas selectivities for the catalytic membranes were simliar to those of inert nanoporous carbon membranes with He–N 2 =58.6 and O 2 N 2 =4.9. The selective hydrogenation of monoolefins (propylen, l‐buiene, isobutylene) was used to probe the shape‐selective catalytic proerties nad the transport selectivities of the membranes. The results were modeled using the linear regime of coupled sdsorption, transport and rection in the membrane. Model regression yielded 14.9, 19.7. and 18.4 kJ/mol for the activation energies of permeation for propylene, isobutylene, and l‐butene, respectively. The system demonstrated selective reaction and transport favoring propane production with selectiveity ratios of 28.9:3.2.I for propane:n‐butane:isobutane at 125°C.
A compact external cavity wavelength tunable laser without an intracavity etalon (2006)

We propose a novel external cavity wavelength tunable laser (ECTL) configuration without an etalon inside the cavity. ECTL consists only of a semiconductor optical amplifier with an integrated phase section, and a liquid crystal tunable mirror. We successfully demonstrated excellent performances of the ECTL with fiber coupled output power of more than 50 mW over a 40-nm tuning range, sidemode suppression ratio of better than 45 dB, relative intensity noise of better than -148 dB/Hz, and linewidth of narrower than 2.3 MHz
Surface preparation for adhesive bonding of polycyanurate‐based fiber‐reinforced composites using atmospheric plasma treatment (2010)

Abstract In this article, the effects of atmospheric plasma treatment on the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical behavior of epoxy‐bonded polycyanurate composites are investigated. Adhesive bond strength of plasma‐treated specimens exhibited strength increases of over 35% to that of peel‐ply and solvent‐wiped surface preparation techniques. The improvements were as much as 50% greater than those obtained using abrasive surface preparation techniques. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed an increase in the surface concentration of oxygen as a function of plasma treatment passes. However, the levels were substantially lower than that of epoxy composites treated under identical conditions. In addition, the concentration of carboxyl groups (OCO), which have been associated with improved adhesive strength in epoxy‐based composites, was shown to saturate in cyanate ester composites after a much lower exposure period than what was observed when treating epoxies. The effect of plasma surface treatment on the surface morphology of the cyanate ester composite was also studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed a progressive increase in surface roughness with treatment; however, this increase only translated into a marginal increase in surface area and is not believed to contribute significantly to adhesive strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A Novel Approach to Apply Gait Synchronized External Forces on the Pelvis Using A-TPAD to Reduce Walking Effort (2016)

In this paper, we develop an intervention to apply external gait synchronized forces on the pelvis to reduce the user's effort during walking. A cable-driven robot was used to apply the external forces and an adaptive frequency oscillator scheme was developed to adapt the timing of force actuation to the gait frequency during walking. The external forces were directed in the sagittal plane to assist the trailing leg during the forward propulsion and vertical deceleration of the pelvis during the gait cycle. A pilot experiment with five healthy subjects was conducted. The results showed that the subjects applied lower ground reaction forces in the vertical and anterior-posterior directions during the late stance phase. In summary, the current work provides a novel approach to study the role of external pelvic forces in altering the walking effort. These studies can provide better understanding for designing exoskeletons and prosthetic devices to reduce the overall walking effort.
<title>Laboratory experiments for a new sonar system</title> (1992)

Experiments were performed to demonstrate a new sonar concept. The concept involves assuming locations at which scatterers may exist and computing the strengths of scatterers at these locations that best match the data. This involves precomputing a matrix using the geometry of the sensors and transmission pulse information. The matrix is then reduced in size using singular value decomposition, which also takes care of ill-conditioning due to locating potential scatterers close together. In real-time operation of the sonar the incoming data is premultiplied by the matrix to produce a map of scatterers. A computer simulation showed the effects of the matrix rank on the scatterer map. As the rank moves away from full rank, the scatterer positions become blurred. In a laboratory experiment, we used one transmitting transducer and two receiving transducers. The signal was passed through an analog to digital converter. We demonstrate that simple scatterers can be located from this data using the new approach.
A peptide inhibitor of synuclein-  reduces neovascularization of human endometriotic lesions (2014)

Endometriosis is a chronic painful gynecological condition characterized by adherence and growth of endometrium outside of the uterine cavity. Neovascularization is essential to the developing endometriosis lesion to support its growth. Synuclein-γ (SNCG), a protein implicated in cellular proliferation, is associated with a broad range of malignancies as well as endometriosis. We hypothesized that SNCG plays an important role in the neovascularization and growth of endometriosis and blocking of SNCG will interfere with survival of endometriotic lesions in a mouse model. We developed SP012, a novel 12 amino acid peptide inhibitor of SNCG. SP012 inhibited three-dimensional endothelial cell tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Using intravital microscopy, SP012 was shown to be successfully delivered to human endometriotic lesions in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Alymphoid (BALB/c-Rag2-/-Il2rγ-/- lacking T, B and NK cells) mice were surgically induced with human endometriotic lesions and treated with SP012 or phosphate-buffered saline control. SP012 treated endometriotic lesions had decreased growth, development and vascularization at the time of necroscopy. Endometriotic lesions treated with SP012 also had fewer isolectin (+) microvessels. These results, using a mouse model, indicate that SNCG plays a role in the neovascularization and subsequent growth of human endometriotic lesions. Targeting SNCG function using peptide inhibitor might provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of endometriosis in the future.
Weakly Supervised Semantic Image Segmentation with Self-correcting Networks (2018)

Building a large image dataset with high-quality object masks for semantic segmentation is costly and time consuming. In this paper, we introduce a principled semi-supervised framework that only uses a small set of fully supervised images (having semantic segmentation labels and box labels) and a set of images with only object bounding box labels (we call it the weak set). Our framework trains the primary segmentation model with the aid of an ancillary model that generates initial segmentation labels for the weak set and a self-correction module that improves the generated labels during training using the increasingly accurate primary model. We introduce two variants of the self-correction module using either linear or convolutional functions. Experiments on the PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscape datasets show that our models trained with a small fully supervised set perform similar to, or better than, models trained with a large fully supervised set while requiring ~7x less annotation effort.
Presence of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Children Correlated with Periodontal Disease of Their Parents (1994)

Considerable evidence exists suggesting that periodontal disease is due to the overgrowth of a finite number of specific bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Bacteroides forsythus, and Prevotella intermedia, among others. Three of these organisms-P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and B. forsythus-can be easily detected in plaque samples by the hydrolysis of the synthetic trypsin substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA). The aim of the present study was to determine if a relationship could be found between the presence of either these organisms of periodontitis in the parent and the presence of BANA-positive species in the child. Thirty-four mothers or fathers and 34 children were examined for plaque scores, papillary bleeding scores, and the presence of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in four subgingival or marginal gingival plaque samples as assayed by the BANA test or specific polyclonal antibodies using an ELISA. Children whose parents were colonized by BANA-positive bacteria were 9.8 times more likely to be colonized by these BANA-positive species. Children whose parents had clinical evidence of periodontitis were 12 times more likely to be colonized by these BANA-positive species. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that children may acquire the BANA-positive species from their parents, especially if the parent has periodontitis.
Sodium Metasilicate Based Fiber Opening for Greener Leather Processing (2008)

Growing environmental regulations propound the need for a transformation in the current practice of leather making. The conventional dehairing and fiber opening process results in high negative impact on the environment because of its uncleanliness. This process accounts for most of the biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in tannery wastewater and generation of H2S gas. Hence, this study explores the use of a biological material and a nontoxic chemical for performing the above process more cleanly. In this study, the dehairing and fiber opening processes has been designed using enzyme and sodium metasilicate. The amount of sodium metasilicate required for fiber opening is standardized through the removal of proteoglycan, increase in weight, and bulk properties of leathers. It has been found that the extent of opening up of fiber bundles is comparable to that of conventionally processed leathers using a 2% sodium metasilicate solution. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic analysis and softness measurements. The presence of silica in the crust leather enhances the bulk properties of the leather. This has been confirmed from the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through physical and hand evaluation. The process also exhibits significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total solid loads by 55 and 24%, respectively. Further, this newly developed process seems to be economically beneficial.
Data from Development of Highly Optimized Antibody–Drug Conjugates against CD33 and CD123 for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Mortality due to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains high, and the management of relapsed or refractory AML continues to be therapeutically challenging. The reapproval of Mylotarg, an anti-CD33–calicheamicin antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), has provided a proof of concept for an ADC-based therapeutic for AML. Several other ADCs have since entered clinical development of AML, but have met with limited success. We sought to develop a next-generation ADC for AML with a wide therapeutic index (TI) that overcomes the shortcomings of previous generations of ADCs.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We compared the TI of our novel CD33-targeted ADC platform with other currently available CD33-targeted ADCs in preclinical models of AML. Next, using this next-generation ADC platform, we performed a head-to-head comparison of two attractive AML antigens, CD33 and CD123.</p>Results:<p>Our novel ADC platform offered improved safety and TI when compared with certain currently available ADC platforms in preclinical models of AML. Differentiation between the CD33- and CD123-targeted ADCs was observed in safety studies conducted in cynomolgus monkeys. The CD33-targeted ADC produced severe hematologic toxicity, whereas minimal hematologic toxicity was observed with the CD123-targeted ADC at the same doses and exposures. The improved toxicity profile of an ADC targeting CD123 over CD33 was consistent with the more restricted expression of CD123 in normal tissues.</p>Conclusions:<p>We optimized all components of ADC design (i.e., leukemia antigen, antibody, and linker-payload) to develop an ADC that has the potential to translate into an effective new therapy against AML.</p></div>
PIN-GaAs FET optical receiver with a wide dynamic range (1982)

A simple method for increasing the dynamic range of a PIN-GaAs FET receiver is described. It requires no additional component connection at the input node of the receiver, and no sensitivity penalty is incurred. The 12.6 Mbit/s receiver described has a sensitivity of −52.6 dBm and a dynamic range >44.8 dB optical (89.6 dB electrical).