gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudorabies Virus UL37 Gene Product Is Involved in Secondary Envelopment (2001)

Herpesvirus envelopment is a two-step process which includes acquisition of a primary envelope resulting from budding of intranuclear capsids through the inner nuclear membrane. Fusion with the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane releases nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm, which then gain their final envelope by budding into trans-Golgi vesicles. It has been shown that the UL34 gene product is required for primary envelopment of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) (B. G. Klupp, H. Granzow, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 74:10063-10073, 2000). For secondary envelopment, several virus-encoded PrV proteins are necessary, including glycoproteins E, I, and M (A. R. Brack, J. M. Dijkstra, H. Granzow, B. G. Klupp, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 73:5364-5372, 1999). We show here that the product of the UL37 gene of PrV, which is a constituent of mature virions, is involved in secondary envelopment. Replication of a UL37 deletion mutant, PrV-DeltaUL37, was impaired in normal cells; this defect could be complemented on cells stably expressing UL37. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that intranuclear capsid maturation and budding of capsids into and release from the perinuclear space were unimpaired. However, secondary envelopment was drastically reduced. Instead, apparently DNA-filled capsids accumulated in the cytoplasm in large aggregates similar to those observed in the absence of glycoproteins E/I and M but lacking the surrounding electron-dense tegument material. Although displaying an ordered structure, capsids did not contact each other directly. We postulate that the UL37 protein is necessary for correct addition of other tegument proteins, which are required for secondary envelopment. In the absence of the UL37 protein, capsids interact with each other through unknown components but do not acquire the electron-dense tegument which is normally found around wild-type capsids during and after secondary envelopment. Thus, apposition of the UL37 protein to cytoplasmic capsids may be crucial for the addition of other tegument proteins, which in turn are able to interact with viral glycoproteins to mediate secondary envelopment.
A Study on the Fashion Journalism in the Field of Daily Newspaper (2004)

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During , fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.
Wavelet packet modulation for orthogonally multiplexed communication (1997)

Utilizing multidimensional signaling techniques, a generalized multirate wavelet-based modulation format for orthogonally multiplexed communication systems is presented. Wavelet packet modulation (WPM) employs the basis functions from an arbitrary pruning of a dyadic tree structured filter bank as orthogonal pulse shapes for conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols. This generalized framework affords an entire library of basis sets with increased flexibility in time-frequency (T-F) partitioning. The bandwidth efficiency and power spectral density figures of merit for the general signal are derived and shown to be that of standard QAM.
Exciton versus band description of the absorption and luminescence spectra in poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylene) (1990)

The fluorescence spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) have been investigated at 6 K employing site-selective laser spectroscopy. They delineate the existence of a well-defined energy in the tail of the absorption edge below which the fluorescence emission is quasiresonant with an excitation featuring a Stokes shift of 100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ only. Above this localization threshold ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{loc}}$ spectral diffusion is observed with the emission independent of excitation yet carrying a significant polarization memory for excitation energies up to 1.9 eV in excess of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{loc}}$. This is incompatible with the band picture involving photogeneration of an uncorrelated electron-hole pair, yet consistent with the concept of random walks of neutral excitations through an inhomogeneously broadened density of states. The chromophores are associated with a distribution of segments of the polymer chains along which the excitation is delocalized. Published results on time-resolved fluorescence support the exciton picture.
Monitoring Dressing Activity Failures through RFID and Video (2011)

We developed a robust system to monitor the dressing activity. Given the importance of monitoring the dressing activity as an indicator of both cognitive and motor skills the system allows for the possibility of long term tracking and continuous evaluation of the dressing task. Long term monitoring can be used in rehabilitation and cognitive skills evaluation.
Synergistic improvement in spring maize yield and quality with micro/nanobubbles water oxygation (2019)

Soil oxygen shortages in root areas have negative effects on crop growth and decrease crops yield and quality, and soil hypoxia conditions will be aggravated by application of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of maize to micro/nanobubbles oxygation (MNBO) at three dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mg/L) and seven MNBO periods (vegetative stage, reproductive stage, filling and ripening stage, combination of two stages and the whole growth stage) in addition to a control treatment (CK, no oxygation during the growth period). Our results revealed that the MNBO treatments increased maize root dry weight, root length density and root surface area in 0-20 cm soil. The highest yield was obtained in O<sub>20</sub>A (MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period), with an increase of 11.66% relative to CK. Crude ash, starch and vitamin C were improved by application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO. However, excessive oxygen adversely affected maize growth, decreasing the maize yield in 2013 relative to CK. The results suggest that application of MNBO at 20 mg/L DO during the growth period of spring maize was appropriate.
Gene Position More Strongly Influences Cell-Free Protein Expression from Operons than T7 Transcriptional Promoter Strength (2013)

The cell-free transcription-translation of multiple proteins typically exploits genes placed behind strong transcriptional promoters that reside on separate pieces of DNA so that protein levels can be easily controlled by changing DNA template concentration. However, such systems are not amenable to the construction of artificial cells with a synthetic genome. Herein, we evaluated the activity of a series of T7 transcriptional promoters by monitoring the fluorescence arising from a genetically encoded Spinach aptamer. Subsequently the influences of transcriptional promoter strength on fluorescent protein synthesis from one, two, and three gene operons were assessed. It was found that transcriptional promoter strength was more effective at controlling RNA synthesis than protein synthesis in vitro with the PURE system. Conversely, the gene position within the operon strongly influenced protein synthesis but not RNA synthesis.
Insight into the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (2000)

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a disorder of sensation with a prevalence of around 2-5% of the population. Relevant to understanding the possible pathophysiological mechanism is the fact that RLS is extremely responsive to dopaminergic agents. A second issue is that iron deficiency states may precipitate RLS in as much as 25-30% of people with iron deficiency. Studies looking at basal ganglia dopaminergic function using PET and SPECT techniques have shown a decrease in binding potential for the dopamine receptor and transporter. Similar phenomena occurs in iron-deficient animals. Using MRI techniques and CSF analysis of iron-related protein, studies have suggested a reduction in brain iron concentration occurs in RLS patients. The relevance of CNS iron metabolism to the pathophysiology of RLS is discussed.
Neurovirulence in Mice of H5N1 Influenza Virus Genotypes Isolated from Hong Kong Poultry in 2001 (2003)

We studied the pathogenicity of five different genotypes (A to E) of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses, which contained HA genes similar to those of the H5N1 virus A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 and five different combinations of "internal" genes, in a mouse model. Highly pathogenic, neurotropic variants of genotypes A, C, D, and E were isolated from the brain after a single intranasal passage in mice. Genotype B virus was isolated from lungs only. The mouse brain variants had amino acid changes in all gene products except PB1, NP, and NS1 proteins but no common sets of mutations. We conclude that the original H5N1/01 isolates of genotypes A, C, D, and E were heterogeneous and that highly pathogenic neurotropic variants can be rapidly selected in mice.
High Heat Flux Cooling of Electronics: The Need for a Paradigm Shift (2013)

In a discussion initiated by the German Research Foundation (DFG) about cooling of electronics, two aspects turned out to be important: The need for a paradigm shift from an “add on” to an “integrated multidisciplinary” solution and the definition of generic demonstrators for cooling strategies.
Enhancing into the Codec: Noise Robust Speech Coding with Vector-Quantized Autoencoders (2021)

Audio codecs based on discretized neural autoencoders have recently been developed and shown to provide significantly higher compression levels for comparable quality speech out-put. However, these models are tightly coupled with speech content, and produce unintended outputs in noisy conditions. Based on VQ-VAE autoencoders with WaveRNN decoders, we develop compressor-enhancer encoders and accompanying decoders, and show that they operate well in noisy conditions. We also observe that a compressor-enhancer model performs better on clean speech inputs than a compressor model trained only on clean speech.
Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development (2021)

Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Promotes Intestinal Barrier Homeostasis and Protection Against Colitis in Mice (2015)

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder associated with changes in neuropeptide expression and function, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP regulates intestinal vasomotor and secretomotor function and motility; however, VIP's role in development and maintenance of colonic epithelial barrier homeostasis is unclear. Using VIP deficient (VIPKO) mice, we investigated VIP's role in epithelial barrier homeostasis, and susceptibility to colitis. Colonic crypt morphology and epithelial barrier homeostasis were assessed in wildtype (WT) and VIPKO mice, at baseline. Colitic responses were evaluated following dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) or dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. Mice were also treated with exogenous VIP. At baseline, VIPKO mice exhibited distorted colonic crypts, defects in epithelial cell proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis, and altered permeability. VIPKO mice also displayed reduced goblet cell numbers, and reduced expression of secreted goblet cell factors mucin 2 and trefoil factor 3. These changes were associated with reduced expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), a master regulator of intestinal function and homeostasis. DNBS and DSS-induced colitis were more severe in VIPKO than WT mice. VIP treatment rescued the phenotype, protecting VIPKO mice against DSS colitis, with results comparable to WT mice. In conclusion, VIP plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of colonic epithelial barrier integrity under physiological conditions and promotes epithelial repair and homeostasis during colitis.
Development and comparative evaluation of extended release indomethacin capsules (2013)

The aim of this study was to develop a new extended release capsules of indomethacin. The formulation has been prepared to enhance its dissolution which could provide better oral absorption of indomethacin (IND). Therefore, the effects of the component nature, their proportion in the release rate and the dissolution mechanism were investigated. Extended release capsules of IND were prepared by physical mixing using plasdone (PVP K-90) and compritol-HD5 ATO (Comp) at various drug-polymer ratios. Flow properties of the physical mixtures were evaluated by calculation of the Carr’s index, angle of repose and Hausner ratio. According to the United States Pharmacopeial (USP) drug release criteria of IND extend release capsules, the release results of formulations F2 and F3 were found to be similar to the USP (P < 0.05). Certain mathematical models were used for evaluation of release profiles and the results supported by multiple regression analysis. It was observed that the best-fit model to determine the mechanism of the formulation which has shown the highest release was Higuchi square-root of time model (r2 = 0.969). According to the dissolution results, dissolution efficiency, relative dissolution rate and mean dissolution time were also evaluated. The results of the study indicated that new extended release hard gelatin capsules can be a promising alternative for the other oral formulations of IND.

	 

	Key words: Indomethacin, drug release, kinetic evaluation, hard gelatine capsule, stability, multiple regression analysis.
The Environment Is a Key Factor in Determining the Anti-Amyloid Efficacy of EGCG (2019)

Millions of people around the world suffer from amyloid-related disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite significant and sustained efforts, there are still no disease-modifying drugs available for the majority of amyloid-related disorders, and the overall failure rate in clinical trials is very high, even for compounds that show promising anti-amyloid activity in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that even small changes in the chemical environment can strongly modulate the inhibitory effects of anti-amyloid compounds. Using one of the best-established amyloid inhibitory compounds, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as an example, and two amyloid-forming proteins, insulin and Parkinson's disease-related α -synuclein, we shed light on the previously unexplored sensitivity to solution conditions of the action of this compound on amyloid fibril formation. In the case of insulin, we show that the classification of EGCG as an amyloid inhibitor depends on the experimental conditions select, on the method used for the evaluation of the efficacy, and on whether or not EGCG is allowed to oxidise before the experiment. For α -synuclein, we show that a small change in pH value, from 7 to 6, transforms EGCG from an efficient inhibitor to completely ineffective, and we were able to explain this behaviour by the increased stability of EGCG against oxidation at pH 6.
Vitamin D and Immune Function (2013)

Vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and vitamin D receptors are present in many cell types including various immune cells such as antigen-presenting-cells, T cells, B cells and monocytes. In vitro data show that, in addition to modulating innate immune cells, vitamin D also promotes a more tolerogenic immunological status. In vivo data from animals and from human vitamin D supplementation studies have shown beneficial effects of vitamin D on immune function, in particular in the context of autoimmunity. In this review, currently available data are summarized to give an overview of the effects of vitamin D on the immune system in general and on the regulation of inflammatory responses, as well as regulatory mechanisms connected to autoimmune diseases particularly in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Acupuncture in Stroke Rehabilitation (1995)

This paper summarises earlier published data on acupuncture and electroacupuncture in stroke patients and discusses possible mechanisms behind the enhanced recovery obtained. Severely hemiparetic patients were entered into a randomised trial within 10 days of their stroke. Acupuncture, including electroacupuncture, was given twice a week for ten weeks to half of the patients, in addition to the daily physiotherapy and occupational therapy given to all. Patients given acupuncture recovered faster and more fully than the control stroke patients, with a significant difference in balance, mobility, activity of daily living and quality of life, an effect that persisted one year after stoke onset. In a follow-up 2 to 3.8 years after the stroke, the postural control of stroke survivors was compared with that of 23, age-matched, healthy subjects. Only half of the control stroke patients could perform the test, and the postural control pattern in those who could take part was significantly different from the healthy controls and acupuncture treated stroke patients, whereas there was no significant difference between acupuncture treated patients and healthy controls. The possible psychological effects of a greater expectation in patients given acupuncture has to be considered. Other studies have shown that special attention given to stroke patients in the early rehabilitation period can accelerate their recovery, but that the difference is usually lost at follow-up. Our results need confirmation, but we have hypothesised that sensory stimulation in the form of acupuncture may release substances that enhance brain plasticity after stroke, an hypothesis than can be tested in experimental studies. Whether or not the effects are specific for acupuncture, or can be obtained also by other kinds of sensory stimuli such as transcutaneous nerve stimulation is currently being investigated.
Selecting Algorithms for Black Box Matrices: Checking for Matrix Properties That Can Simplify Computations (2016)

Processes to automate the selection of appropriate algorithms for various matrix computations are described. In particular, processes to check for, and certify, various matrix properties of black-box matrices are presented. These include sparsity patterns and structural properties that allow “superfast” algorithms to be used in place of black box algorithms. Matrix properties that hold generically, and allow the use of matrix preconditioning to be reduced or eliminated, can also be checked for and certified — notably including in the small-field case, where this presently has the greatest impact on the efficiency of the computation.
Shape Correction of Thin Mirrors (2011)

Future large space observatories will require large apertures to provide better resolution and greater light gathering power; thin mirror technologies provide one possible route for addressing this need.This paper presents a study of a 10 m diameter sparse aperture based on a collection of thin, active mirror segments with identical initial shapes.A preliminary design for a 1 m diameter mirror segment is proposed and an investigation into the performance of this design is carried out utilizing finite element modeling tools.The results indicate that it is possible to adapt the generic segment shapes to fit the local mirror shape, and achieve near diffraction-limited performance through the use of lightweight, surface-parallel actuators.These actuators may also be used for thermal compensation.Additionally, a design for a scaled 10 cm diameter prototype mirror to test and validate the envisioned scheme is presented.
Preventing drug problems in the feedlot (1981)

Production of wholesome meat products for the consumer is the primary objective of the livestock industry. Veterinarians, as professional caretakers of animal health have a responsibility in aiding producers in achieving this goal.