gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A context-aware approach to detection of short irrelevant texts (2015)

This paper presents a simple and effective framework that can detect irrelevant short text contents following blogs and news articles, etc. in a context-aware and timely fashion. Nowadays, websites such as Linkedin.com and CNN.com allow their visitors to leave comments after articles, and spammers are exploiting this feature to post irrelevant contents. Visited by millions of readers per day, these websites have extremely high visibility, and irrelevant comments have a detrimental effect on the visiting traffic and revenue of these websites. Therefore, it is critical to eliminate these irrelevant comments as accurately and early as possible. Different from traditional text mining tasks, comments following news and blog articles are characterized by briefness and context-dependent semantics, making it difficult to measure semantic relevance. What's worse, there could be only a handful of comments soon after an article is posted, leading to a severe lack of information for semantics and relevance measurement. We propose to infer “context-aware semantics” to address the above challenges in a unified framework. Specifically, we construct contexts for comments using either blocks of surrounding comments, or comments collected via a principled transfer learning approach. The constructed contexts mitigate the sparseness and sharply define context-dependent semantics of comments, even at the early stage of commenting activities, allowing traditional dimension reduction methods to better capture the semantics of short texts in a context-aware way. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method on two real world datasets consisting of news and blog articles and comments, with a maximal improvement of 20% in Area Under Precision-Recall Curve.
Complete Desensitization of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloys via Boron Addition (2023)

We address here an important issue related to sensitization effects in Al5083 by mitigating the grain boundary precipitation of the beta phase and demonstrate that the addition of a small amount of boron to Al5083 impedes the precipitation of the beta phase, Al3Mg2, also known as the Samson phase. In Al–Mg alloys, the precipitation of Al3Mg2 usually occurs at grain boundaries in the temperature range of 50 to 200 °C from a supersaturated solid solution of Al–Mg and makes these alloys susceptible to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Upon boron addition, we show, using transmission electron microscopy, that a diboride phase, AlMgB2, forms at grain boundaries instead of the beta phase upon extended annealing at 150 °C. This diboride phase does not dissolve in saltwater, suggesting it is less anodic relative to the matrix. To quantify and compare the dissolution characteristics, we carried out nitric acid mass loss test for Al5083 samples containing 3 wt.% boron treated at 190 h at 150 °C, and fully sensitized Al5083 samples containing 0.0 wt.% boron. We estimate the mass loss to be 4 mg/cm2 for boron containing samples as compared to the mass loss of 45 mg/cm2 for samples without boron, indicating that the addition of boron is highly effective in suppressing the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in Al5000 series alloys. This provides a potential route to minimize the longstanding problem of ship structure sensitization.
Improved polarization-mode-dispersion tolerance in duobinary transmission (2003)

Polarization-mode-dispersion tolerance of a low-pass filter duobinary modulation format is investigated. With the optimum residual dispersion, the optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty at a differential group delay of 40 ps is measured to be 1 dB (at BER=6/spl times/10/sup -5/): 1.5 dB less than that without residual dispersion in a 10.7-Gb/s duobinary transmission. Numerical simulations show reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
A Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor of Exceptional in Vivo Potency with a Long Duration of Action:  1-(<i>R</i>)-{4-[4-(4,6-Dimethyl[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)- 2<i>R</i>,6<i>S</i>-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}ethanol (2002)

We report here a novel sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 16, that shows very high oral potency (50 microg/kg) in normalizing elevated fructose levels in the sciatic nerve of chronically diabetic rats and sustained duration of action (>24 h). Furthermore, 16 shows attractive pharmaceutical properties, including good solubility in simulated human gastric fluid, excellent Caco-2 Papp, moderate lipophilicity, and metabolic stability for achieving good oral absorption and long duration of action.
Automatic Hierarchical Object Decomposition for Object Recognition (2002)

Industrial applications of 2D object recognition such as quality control often demand robustness, highest accuracy, and real-time computation from the object recognition approach. Simultaneously fulfilling all of these demands is a hard problem and has recently drawn considerable attention within the research community of close-range photogrammetry and computer vision. The problem is complicated when dealing with objects or models consisting of several rigid parts that are allowed to move with respect to each other. In this situation, approaches searching for rigid objects fail since the appearance of the model may substantially change under the variations caused by the movements. In this paper, an approach is proposed that not only facilitates the recognition of such partsbased models but also fulfills the above demands. The object is automatically decomposed into single rigid parts based on several example images that express the movements of the object parts. The mutual movements between the parts are analyzed and represented in a graph structure. Based on the graph, a hierarchical model is derived that minimizes the search effort during a subsequent recognition of the object in an arbitrary image.
Reelin supplementation enhances cognitive ability, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density (2011)

Apolipoprotein receptors belong to an evolutionarily conserved surface receptor family that has intimate roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and is necessary for proper hippocampal-dependent memory formation. The known lipoprotein receptor ligand Reelin is important for normal synaptic plasticity, dendritic morphology, and cognitive function; however, the in vivo effect of enhanced Reelin signaling on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in wild-type mice is unknown. The present studies test the hypothesis that in vivo enhancement of Reelin signaling can alter synaptic plasticity and ultimately influence processes of learning and memory. Purified recombinant Reelin was injected bilaterally into the ventricles of wild-type mice. We demonstrate that a single in vivo injection of Reelin increased activation of adaptor protein Disabled-1 and cAMP-response element binding protein after 15 min. These changes correlated with increased dendritic spine density, increased hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), and enhanced performance in associative and spatial learning and memory. The present study suggests that an acute elevation of in vivo Reelin can have long-term effects on synaptic function and cognitive ability in wild-type mice.
Mode conversion in a magnetron with axial extraction of radiation (2006)

We demonstrate the ability to form simple radiation patterns from a relativistic magnetron with axial extraction. This is achieved by tapering onto a conical antenna only those cavities of the anode block that correspond to the symmetry of the radiated modes. The efficiency of mode conversion of the operating pi-mode into a radiated mode using this method is demonstrated using computer simulations of a six-cavity magnetron
Robust Semi-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Reprojected Distances (2019)

Dense depth estimation from a single image is a key problem in computer vision, with exciting applications in a multitude of robotic tasks. Initially viewed as a direct regression problem, requiring annotated labels as supervision at training time, in the past few years a substantial amount of work has been done in self-supervised depth training based on strong geometric cues, both from stereo cameras and more recently from monocular video sequences. In this paper we investigate how these two approaches (supervised & self-supervised) can be effectively combined, so that a depth model can learn to encode true scale from sparse supervision while achieving high fidelity local accuracy by leveraging geometric cues. To this end, we propose a novel supervised loss term that complements the widely used photometric loss, and show how it can be used to train robust semi-supervised monocular depth estimation models. Furthermore, we evaluate how much supervision is actually necessary to train accurate scale-aware monocular depth models, showing that with our proposed framework, very sparse LiDAR information, with as few as 4 beams (less than 100 valid depth values per image), is enough to achieve results competitive with the current state-of-the-art.
Non‐Cartesian slice‐GRAPPA and slice‐SPIRiT reconstruction methods for multiband spiral cardiac MRI (2019)

The NCSG and slice-SPIRiT methods provide more accurate reconstructions for MB spiral cine imaging compared with conjugate-gradient SENSE. These methods hold promise for non-Cartesian MB imaging.
Demonstration of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus Cyclin D Homolog in Cutaneous Kaposi's Sarcoma by Colorimetric In Situ Hybridization Using a Catalyzed Signal Amplification System (1998)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV)/human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) DNA sequences have been demonstrated in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as in some acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and in multicentric Castleman's disease. Although KSHV DNA generally is abundant in KSHV-associated lymphomas, few copies of the virus are present in KS, a property that confounds detection by in situ methods. Previous in situ studies, which identified KSHV in lesions of KS, relied on the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify target DNA sequences before in situ hybridization (ISH) for localization or used ISH with radioactively-labeled probes to obtain adequate levels of detection sensitivity. In this study, a novel nonisotopic nucleic acid ISH method using catalyzed signal amplification and colorimetric detection without PCR-dependent target amplification was used to identify KSHV-specific sequences. The level of sensitivity was increased further by using a probe that detects viral cyclin D homolog transcripts, which are expressed at significant levels during latent viral infection. Thirty cutaneous lesions of KS (25 AIDS-related and five classical European type) were evaluated. AIDS-related NHL and cell lines derived from patients with AIDS-related NHL, all of which were known to harbor KSHV by Southern blot analysis, were used as positive controls. NHL and benign cutaneous vascular lesions not associated with AIDS were used as negative controls. For each of the 30 KS lesions studied, hybridization signals were detected in most of the spindle cells surrounding the atypical slit-like vascular channels and also were detected in some endothelial cells in well-formed blood vessels in the perilesional dermis. Plaque and nodular lesions generally contained more labeled cells than did early patch lesions. All AIDS-related NHL and cell lines contained KSHV-specific sequences; however, the non-AIDS–related NHLs and benign vascular lesions were negative. These results confirm the presence of KSHV sequences in cutaneous KS and provide in situ evidence of infection by this virus in early patch-stage lesions. This study also defines the in situ expression of the KSHV cyclin D homolog viral oncogene in cutaneous KS. The use of this sensitive nonisotopic ISH method should allow detection of other KSHV-specific gene products, further defining the pathobiology of this virus.
High-Order Fully-Reconfigurable Balanced Bandpass Filters Using Mixed Technology Resonators (2021)

This manuscript reports on high-order balanced bandpass filters that are continuously tunable in terms of frequency and bandwidth (BW) and can be intrinsically switched-off. They are based on a hybrid integration scheme in which capacitively-loaded coaxial and microstrip resonators are effectively combined within the same filter volume. Low in-band insertion loss and high out-of-band selectivity are obtained in its differential mode of operation through the realization of a quasi-elliptic transfer function. High levels of suppression are obtained in its common mode of operation through multiple transmission zeros and resistively-loaded resonators. The concept is presented through various synthesized examples. For practical validation purposes, a mixed-technology prototype was manufactured and measured. It demonstrated frequency tuning between 2.22 - 2.94 GHz, BW tuning between 104 - 268 MHz, and an intrinsically switched-off mode with isolation >50 dB. For all these states, the common mode suppression was > 35 dB.
A high-resolution flexible tactile imager system based on floating comb electrodes (2012)

Flexible high-resolution contact force imagers are needed in many applications for robotic grippers and gait analysis, but its intrinsic intimate contact requirement often causes breaking of top metallization layers and failure in a short time. The use of floating electrodes has significantly improved the reliability of traditional quad-cell capacitive tactile sensing devices. In this paper we present a new type of high-resolution (676-sensors) flexible pressure/shear imager array based on floating combs. Each sensing cell consists of two sets of orthogonal comb electrodes connected in a differential capacitance configuration. The shear sense direction (+x, -x, +y, -y) is determined by the amount of asymmetric comb overlap. Pressure readouts are obtained from the net capacitance of the cell. The new comb configuration multiplies the shear capacitive signal by the number of combs per cell. The imager is read using a high-speed switched-capacitor circuit with a 12-bit resolution at full frame rates of 100 Hz (~ 0.8Mb/s).
Design of a portable powered seat lift (1993)

People suffering from degenerative hip or knee joints find sitting and rising from a seated position very difficult. These people can rely on large stationary chairs at home, but must ask others for assistance when rising from any other chair. An orthopedic surgeon identified to the MSFC Technology Utilization Office the need for development of a portable device that could perform a similar function to the stationary lift chairs. The MSFC Structural Development Branch answered the Technology Utilization Office's request for design of a portable powered seat lift. The device is a seat cushion that opens under power, lifting the user to near-standing positions. The largest challenge was developing a mechanism to provide a stable lift over the large range of motion needed, and fold flat enough to be comfortable to sit on. CAD 3-D modeling was used to generate complete drawings for the prototype, and a full-scale working model of the Seat lift was made based on the drawings. The working model is of low strength, but proves the function of the mechanism and the concept.
Selective Synthesis of Partially Protected Nonsymmetric Biphenols by Reagent‐ and Metal‐Free Anodic Cross‐Coupling Reaction (2016)

The oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic substrates without the necessity of leaving groups or catalysts is described. The selective formation of partially protected nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols via electroorganic synthesis was accomplished with a high yield of isolated product. Since electric current is employed as the terminal oxidant, the reaction is reagent-free; no reagent waste is generated as only electrons are involved. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell, and is suitable for scale-up and inherently safe. The implementation of O-silyl-protected phenols in this transformation results in both significantly enhanced yields and higher selectivity for the desired nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols. The use of a bulky silyl group to block one hydroxyl moiety makes the final product less prone to oxidation. Furthermore, the partially silyl-protected 2,2'-biphenols are versatile building blocks that usually require tedious or low-yielding synthetic pathways. Additionally, this strategy facilitates a large variety of new substrate combinations for oxidative cross-coupling reactions.
A Novel Route to Aryl Diether Dianhydrides (1990)

Aryl diether diphthalic anhydrides have been prepared by the reaction of a diphenol with 4-fluorophthalic anhydride and KF in the presence of a polar, aprotic solvent. The KF acts as an HF acceptor and obviates the need for preparing the disodium salt of the diphenol in a separate step. The diether anhydrides of biphenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxybenzophenone and bisphenol-A have been prepared in this fashion. Two of these dianhydrides have been used to prepare polyetherimides via their reaction with selected diamines. These materials form creasable films having good thermal stability.
New cardinality estimation algorithms for HyperLogLog sketches (2017)

This paper presents new methods to estimate the cardinalities of data sets recorded by HyperLogLog sketches. A theoretically motivated extension to the original estimator is presented that eliminates the bias for small and large cardinalities. Based on the maximum likelihood principle a second unbiased method is derived together with a robust and efficient numerical algorithm to calculate the estimate. The maximum likelihood approach can also be applied to more than a single HyperLogLog sketch. In particular, it is shown that it gives more precise cardinality estimates for union, intersection, or relative complements of two sets that are both represented by HyperLogLog sketches compared to the conventional technique using the inclusion-exclusion principle. All the new methods are demonstrated and verified by extensive simulations.
Additively Manufactured Tamper Evident Container (TEC) (2022)

The protection of sensitive data, proprietary information, and physical assets from adversarial disclosure is a high priority in today’s environment of government and industrial espionage. Furthermore, knowledge of the security history and monitoring for potential acquisition or disclosure of the protected assets from oppositional sources is equally important. In 2016, as part of an LANL Institute for Materials Science (IMS) rapid response research initiative, the investigators of this technology demonstration project developed the concept of an additively manufactured tamper resistant container that possessed tamper evident features. Tamper evident seals and detection technologies have a long history in protecting consumers from product tampering, recording the installation and activation of mechanical safety panels and fasteners on dangerous electro-mechanical systems, and serving as a warranty void indicator on expensive electronic equipment. Examples of such tamper evident seals range from “no-tech” versions, e.g., the paper seals under medicine caps, to “high-tech” seals that are radio frequency-active and include encryption capabilities used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor stored nuclear materials in support of safeguards missions. The tamper evident container (TEC) technology would have many uses.
Black-Oil Delumping Techniques Based on Compositional Information from Depletion Processes (2007)

Summary Black-oil reservoir simulation still has wide application in the petroleum industry because it is far less demanding computationally than compositional simulation. But a principal limitation of black-oil reservoir simulation is that it does not provide the detailed compositional information necessary for surface process modeling. Black-oil delumping overcomes this limitation by converting a black-oil wellstream into a compositional wellstream, enabling the composition and component molar rates of a production well in a black-oil reservoir simulation to be reconstituted. We present a comprehensive black-oil delumping method based primarily on the compositional information generated in the depletion process that is used initially to provide data for the black-oil simulation in a typical workflow. Examples presented in this paper show the accuracy of this method in different depletion processes: natural depletion, water injection, and gas injection. The paper also presents a technique for accurately applying the black-oil delumping method to wells encountering crossflow.
A Conserved Multi-Gene Family Induces Cross-Reactive Antibodies Effective in Defense against Plasmodium falciparum (2009)

The unusual characteristics of the MSP3 multi-gene family lead us to hypothesize that the simultaneous expression of targets eliciting cross-reactive antibody responses capable of controlling parasite densities could represent an immune process selected through evolution to maintain homeostasis between P. falciparum and human hosts; a process that allows the continuous transmission of the parasite without killing the host. Our observations also have practical consequences for vaccine development by suggesting MSP3 vaccine efficacy might be improved when combined with the various C-terminus regions of the MSP3 family members to generate a wider range of antibodies acting and to increase vaccine immunogenicity in varied human genetic backgrounds.
Design of Transformer with Impedance Matching Circuit for High Power Transmitter of Active Sonar (2019)

Generally transducers for active SONAR(SOund Navigation And Ranging)has large capacitive load characteristics. So an impedance matching circuit of high power transmitter is required to improve the power factor of transducer. Conventional matching circuits composed of L, C elements have many additional lumped elements. However, transducers for active sonar have many channels so that it is difficult to consist of many devices due to spatial limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a new design method of transformer used in impedance matching circuit of transducers without any additional devices.
Note: Toward multiple addressable optical trapping (2010)

We describe a setup for addressable optical trapping in which a laser source is focused on a digital micromirror device and generates an optical trap in a microfluidic cell. In this paper, we report a proof-of-principle single beam/single micromirror/single three-dimensional trap arrangement that should serve as the basis for a multiple-trap instrument.