gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Cord Unbound Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Low Apgar Score (2005)

Increased levels of unbound Free Fatty acid (FFAu) have been found in adults undergoing coronary angioplasty as a result of acute hypoxia-ischemia. We hypohesized that infants suffering from a 1-minute Apgar score of less than 5 will demonstrate elevated FFAu levels in the cord blood. One hundred ninety-nine infants between 25 and 41 weeks gestational age were enrolled in the study. Infants with an Apgar score of less than 5 at 1 minute served as the study group. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord and serum FFAu levels were measured with the fluorescent probe acrylodan-derivatized intestinal fatty acid binding protein. The low Apgar score group (n=32, birthweight 3153+/-780 g, gestational age 37.9+/-3.1 weeks) and normal Apgar score group (n=167, birthweight 3067+/-847 g, gestational age 37.5+/-3.5 weeks) were significantly different with respect to Apgar score at 1 minute (3.0+/-1.2 versus 8.4+/-1.1), Apgar score at 5 minutes (6.9+/-versus 8.9+/-0.5), cord pH (7.16+/-0.12 versus 7.28+/-0.07), and in the frequency of meconium passage (40.6% versus 14.9%). Cord FFAu levels were 4.4+/-1.7 versus 3.2+/-1.2 nM (p<0.001), respectively. Cord FFAu correlated inversely with Apgar score at 1 minute (r=-0.31, p<0.05) and with cord pH (r=-0.12, p<0.05), but not with birthweight or gestational age. In infants with low 1-minute Apgar scores, cord free fatty acid levels were significantly elevated compared with those from controls.
Optimal Excitation Wavelengths for In Vivo Detection of Oral Neoplasia Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy ¶ (2000)

There is no satisfactory mechanism to detect premalignant lesions in the upper aero-digestive tract. Fluorescence spectroscopy has potential to bridge the gap between clinical examination and invasive biopsy; however, optimal excitation wavelengths have not yet been determined. The goals of this study were to determine optimal excitation-emission wavelength combinations to discriminate normal and precancerous/cancerous tissue, and estimate the performance of algorithms based on fluorescence. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) were measured in vivo from 62 sites in nine normal volunteers and 11 patients with a known or suspected premalignant or malignant oral cavity lesion. Using these data as a training set, algorithms were developed based on combinations of emission spectra at various excitation wavelengths to determine which excitation wavelengths contained the most diagnostic information. A second validation set of fluorescence EEM was measured in vivo from 281 sites in 56 normal volunteers and three patients with a known or suspected premalignant or malignant oral cavity lesion. Algorithms developed in the training set were applied without change to data from the validation set to obtain an unbiased estimate of algorithm performance. Optimal excitation wavelengths for detection of oral neoplasia were 350, 380 and 400 nm. Using only a single emission wavelength of 472 nm, and 350 and 400 nm excitation, algorithm performance in the training set was 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity and in the validation set was 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity. These results suggest that fluorescence spectroscopy can provide a simple, objective tool to improve in vivo identification of oral cavity neoplasia.
COMBINATION PERFUSION–COLD STORAGE FOR OPTIMUM CADAVER KIDNEY FUNCTION AND UTILIZATION (1985)

Dog kidneys were perfused with a newly developed perfusate containing adenosine and PO4 for 48 hr, stored in the same perfusate for an additional 24 hr without perfusion (total preservation time:72 hr), and transplanted with immediate contralateral nephrectomy. Posttransplant renal function and biochemical analysis of the kidneys revealed practically no additional preservation-induced damage during the cold storage period. Serum creatinine levels reached normal between the third and eighth day posttransplant. This preservation method may be the method of choice for patients receiving postoperative cyclosporine therapy--and, in addition, facilitate organ sharing between transplant centers, thus reducing wastage of cadaveric kidneys.
Addressing the Gaps in Post-Stroke Sexual Activity Rehabilitation: Patient Perspectives (2019)

Sexual dysfunction is common but often under-recognised or neglected after stroke. This study sought to identify the existing methods for providing information and discussion on post-stroke sexual activity, and perceived gaps from the patient perspective. A sample of 1265 participants who had been admitted to any of the four major public hospitals in Tasmania, Australia, with stroke (International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) group B70) were mailed a survey assessing their experiences with, and opinions about, receipt of post-stroke sexual activity education. One hundred and eighty-three participants (14.5%) responded; of these, 65% were male and the mean age was 69.1 years. The results indicated that, whilst over 30% or participants wanted to receive information related to post-stroke sexual activity, only a small proportion of participants (8.2%) had received this. In terms of the method of receiving this information, participants preferred to receive this from a doctor in a private discussion with or without their partner present. The delivery of post-stroke sexual activity information and education is inconsistent and fails to meet patient needs within major Tasmanian hospitals, highlighting the importance of developing sound, routine, post-stroke education and information processes.
The scanning ion conductance microscope for cellular physiology (2012)

The quest for nonoptical imaging methods that can surmount light diffraction limits resulted in the development of scanning probe microscopes. However, most of the existing methods are not quite suitable for studying biological samples. The scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) bridges the gap between the resolution capabilities of atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope and functional capabilities of conventional light microscope. A nanopipette mounted on a three-axis piezo-actuator, scans a sample of interest and ion current is measured between the pipette tip and the sample. The feedback control system always keeps a certain distance between the sample and the pipette so the pipette never touches the sample. At the same time pipette movement is recorded and this generates a three-dimensional topographical image of the sample surface. SICM represents an alternative to conventional high-resolution microscopy, especially in imaging topography of live biological samples. In addition, the nanopipette probe provides a host of added modalities, for example using the same pipette and feedback control for efficient approach and seal with the cell membrane for ion channel recording. SICM can be combined in one instrument with optical and fluorescent methods and allows drawing structure-function correlations. It can also be used for precise mechanical force measurements as well as vehicle to apply pressure with precision. This can be done on living cells and tissues for prolonged periods of time without them loosing viability. The SICM is a multifunctional instrument, and it is maturing rapidly and will open even more possibilities in the near future.
Configurable Table Structure Recognition in Untagged PDF documents (2016)

Today, PDF is one of the most popular document formats in the web. Many PDF documents are not images, but remain untagged. They have no tags for identifying the logical reading order, paragraphs, figures, and tables. One of the challenges with these documents is how to extract tables from them. The paper discusses a new system for table structure recognition in untagged PDF documents. It is formulated as a set of configurable parameters and ad-hoc heuristics for recovering table cells. We consider two different configurations for the system and demonstrate experimental results based on the existing competition dataset for both of them.
Immune Conversion of Tumor Microenvironment by Oncolytic Viruses: The Protoparvovirus H-1PV Case Study (2019)

Cancer cells utilize multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress anticancer immune responses creating a "cold" immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising approach to revert tumor immunosuppression and enhance the efficacy of other forms of immunotherapy. Growing evidence indicates that oncolytic viruses (OVs) act in a multimodal fashion, inducing immunogenic cell death and thereby eliciting robust anticancer immune responses. In this review, we summarize information about OV-mediated immune conversion of the tumor microenvironment. As a case study we focus on the rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV and its dual role as an oncolytic and immune modulatory agent. Potential strategies to improve H-1PV anticancer efficacy are also discussed.
Colorimetric detection of c-Kit mutations using electrostatic attraction induced aggregation of peptide nucleic acid modified gold nanoparticles (2011)

We report a colorimetric detection of c-Kit mutations using selective aggregation of the peptide nucleic acid modified gold nanoparticles that is caused by electrostatic attraction.
An Evaluation of RTA Symbols to Improve Pilot Situation Awareness (2012)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate different types of temporal guidance symbol sets in 4]Dimensional displays. Different displays were evaluated using situation awareness (SA) as a dependent measure. Participants were a mixture of non]pilots and pilots with an average flight time of 155 hours. All 24 participants were randomly assigned to their experimental condition. Objective SA data was collected during the experiment. After the experiment, each participant completed a subjective questionnaire. No significance was found between the pilots and non-pilots. No significance was found between types of displays. And, no interaction was found between groups.
A solution algorithm to the inverse kinematic problem for redundant manipulators (1988)

Based on a recently proposed algorithmic solution technique, the inverse kinematic problem for redundant manipulators is solved. The kinematics of the manipulator is appropriately augmented to include mentioned constraints; the result is an efficient, fast, closed-loop algorithm which only makes use of the direct kinematics of the manipulator. Simulation results illustrate the tracking performance for a given trajectory in the Cartesian space, while guaranteeing a collision-free trajectory and/or not violating a mechanical joint limit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of a 3-Amino-2,3-dihydropyrid-4-one and Related Heterocyclic Analogues as Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of BioA, a Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme (2017)

Amiclenomycin (ACM) is a chemically unstable antibiotic with selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) due to mechanism-based inhibition of BioA, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase. The first-generation ACM analogue dihydro-2-pyridone 1 maintains a similar bioactivation mechanism concluding with covalent labeling of the PLP cofactor. To improve on 1, we report the synthesis of dihydro-4-pyranone 2, dihydro-4-pyridone 3, and dihydro-4-thiopyranone 13, which were rationally designed to boost the rate of enzyme inactivation by lowering the pK<sub>a</sub> of their α-protons. We employed a unified synthetic strategy for construction of the desired heterocycles featuring α-amino ynone generation followed by 6-endo-dig cyclization. However, competitive 5-exo-dig cyclization, β-elimination of the ynone, and dimerization of the resultant α-amino carbonyls all complicated the syntheses of the dihydro-4-pyranone and dihydro-4-pyridone scaffolds. These obstacles were overcome by Teoc protection of the β-amino group in the assembly of 3 and Boc-MOM protection of the α-amino group in the synthesis of 2, enabling the efficient construction of 2 and 3 in seven steps from commercially available starting materials. Dihydro-4-pyridone 3 possessed improved enzyme inhibition as measured by its k<sub>inact</sub> value against BioA.
Exuberance, A Motivation for Language (1988)

The following is part of the presidential address from Allen Walker Read, given before LACUS (Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States) at its annual meeting, August 7, 1987, at York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is reprinted by permission from the proceedings, "The Fourteenth LACUS Forum," 1987.
Abstraction and microarchitecture scaling in early-stage power modeling (2011)

Early-stage, microarchitecture-level power modeling methodologies have been used in industry and academic research for a decade (or more). Such methods use cycle-accurate performance simulators and deduce active power based on utilization markers. A key question faced in this context is: what key utilization metrics to monitor, and how many are needed for accuracy? Is there a systematic way to select the “best” markers? We also pose a key follow-on question: is it possible to perform accurate scaling of an abstracted model to enable exploration of new microarchitecture features? In this paper, we address these particular questions and examine the results for a range of abstraction levels. We highlight innovative insights for intelligent abstraction and microarchitecture scaling, and point out the pitfalls of abstractions that are not based on a systematic methodology or sound theory.
ChemInform Abstract: NAPHTHYLENEDI(HETEROARENES), III. SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF 2,2′‐NAPHTHYLENEDIBENZAZOLES (1984)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem als optischer Aufheller für Polyesterfasern und Kunststoffe verwendeten 2,2′‐(1,4‐Naphthylen)‐dibenzoxazol wird systematisch untersucht, wie sich Strukturabwandlungen auf spektroskopische Eigenschaften wie die Lage der Absorptions‐ und Fluoreszenzbande, die Oszillatorenstärke und die Quantenausb.
Simultaneous, noninvasive observation of elastic scattering, fluorescence and inelastic scattering as a monitor of blood flow and hematocrit in human fingertip capillary beds (2009)

We report simultaneous observation of elastic scattering, fluorescence, and inelastic scattering from in vivo near-infrared probing of human skin. Careful control of the mechanical force needed to obtain reliable registration of in vivo tissue with an appropriate optical system allows reproducible observation of blood flow in capillary beds of human volar side fingertips. The time dependence of the elastically scattered light is highly correlated with that of the combined fluorescence and Raman scattered light. We interpret this in terms of turbidity (the impeding effect of red blood cells on optical propagation to and from the scattering centers) and the changes in the volume percentages of the tissues in the irradiated volume with normal homeostatic processes. By fitting to a model, these measurements may be used to determine volume fractions of plasma and RBCs.
Comorbidities and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder (2013)

In this large national cohort study, patients with bipolar disorder died prematurely from multiple causes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, influenza or pneumonia, unintentional injuries, and suicide. However, chronic disease mortality among those with more timely medical diagnosis approached that of the general population, suggesting that better provision of primary medical care may effectively reduce premature mortality among persons with bipolar disorder.
A fine romance: IL-7 and HGFβ (2006)

Comment on Lai et al, page [1776][1]

In this issue of Blood, Lai and colleagues demonstrate that the recombinant version of the naturally occurring hybrid cytokine IL-7/HGFβ exerts potent expansion of CFU-S, CLPs, and very early B cells, while native IL-7 selectively expands later B-cell
The user's view level of the GOQL graphical query language (2003)

The paper addresses issues related to the design of a graphical query mechanism that can act as an interface to any object-oriented database system (OODBS), in general, and the object model of ODMG 2.0, in particular. In the paper a brief literature survey of related work is given, and an analysis methodology that allows the evaluation of such languages is proposed. Moreover, the user's view level of a new graphical query language, namely GOQL (Graphical Object Query Language), for ODMG 2.0 is presented. The user's view level provides a graphical schema that does not contain any of the perplexing details of an object-oriented database schema, and it also provides a foundation for a graphical interface that can support ad-hoc queries for object-oriented database applications. We illustrate, using an example, the user's view level of GOQL.
A 256-Radix Crossbar Switch Using Mux-Matrix-Mux Folded-Clos Topology (2014)

This paper describes a high-radix crossbar switch design with low latency and power dissipation for Network-on-Chip (NoC) applications. The reduction in latency and power is achieved by employing a folded-clos topology, implementing the switch organized as three stages of low-radix switches connected in cascade. In addition, to facilitate the uniform placement of wires among the sub-switch stages, this paper proposes a Mux-Matrix-Mux structure, which implements the first and third switch stages as multiplexer-based crossbars and the second stage as a matrix-type crossbar. The proposed 256-radix, 8-bit crossbar switch designed in a 65㎚ CMOS has the simulated power dissipation of 1.92-W and worst-case propagation delay of 0.991-ns while operating at 1.2-V supply and 500-㎒ frequency. Compared with the state-of-the-art designs in literature, the proposed crossbar switch achieves the best energy-delay-area efficiency of 0.73-fJ/cycle·㎱·λ².
DcR3/TR6 Effectively Prevents Islet Primary Nonfunction After Transplantation (2003)

Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. It is a major obstacle to successful and efficient islet transplantation. DcR3/TR6 is a soluble death decoy receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and it can block apoptosis mediated by several TNF receptor family members such as Fas and LT beta R. In this study, we used TR6 to protect islets from PNF after transplantation. Untreated isogeneic or allogeneic islet transplantation had PNF incidence of 25 and 26.5%, respectively. Administration of TR6 totally prevented PNF in allogeneic islet transplantation. In vitro experiments showed an increased apoptosis among islets that were treated with FasL and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) in combination. TR6 significantly reduced such apoptosis. Functional study showed that insulin release was compromised after FasL and IFN-gamma treatment, and the compromise could be prevented with TR6-Fc. This indicates that TR6 indeed protected beta-cells from damage caused by FasL and IFN-gamma. Further in vivo experiments showed that syngeneic islet transplantation between lpr/lpr and gld/gld mice was significantly more efficacious than that conducted between wild-type mice. These results suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in PNF, and use of TR6 may be a novel strategy to prevent PNF in clinical islet transplantation.
Modeling of Nucleation Processes (2009)

Abstract This article describes the results obtained by Volmer, Weber, Farkas, Becker, and Doring, which constitute the classical nucleation theory. These results are the predictions of the precipitate size distribution, steady-state nucleation rate, and incubation time. The article reviews a nucleating system as a homogeneous phase using the classical nucleation theory, along with heterophase fluctuations that led to the formation of precipitates. It discusses the gas cluster dynamics using the kinetic approach to describe nucleation. The article presents key parameters, such as cluster condensation and evaporation rates, to describe the time evolution of the system. The predictions and extensions of the classical nucleation theory are discussed. The article also provides the limitations of classical nucleation theories in cluster dynamics.
Systems-Level Comparison of Host-Responses Elicited by Avian H5N1 and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses in Primary Human Macrophages (2009)

Human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 can lead to a rapidly progressive viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is increasing evidence from clinical, animal models and in vitro data, which suggests a role for virus-induced cytokine dysregulation in contributing to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. The key target cells for the virus in the lung are the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages, and we have shown that, compared to seasonal human influenza viruses, equivalent infecting doses of H5N1 viruses markedly up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in both primary cell types in vitro. Whether this H5N1-induced dysregulation of host responses is driven by qualitative (i.e activation of unique host pathways in response to H5N1) or quantitative differences between seasonal influenza viruses is unclear. Here we used microarrays to analyze and compare the gene expression profiles in primary human macrophages at 1, 3, and 6 h after infection with H5N1 virus or low-pathogenic seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus. We found that host responses to both viruses are qualitatively similar with the activation of nearly identical biological processes and pathways. However, in comparison to seasonal H1N1 virus, H5N1 infection elicits a quantitatively stronger host inflammatory response including type I interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha genes. A network-based analysis suggests that the synergy between IFN-beta and TNF-alpha results in an enhanced and sustained IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokine response at the early stage of viral infection that may contribute to the viral pathogenesis and this is of relevance to the design of novel therapeutic strategies for H5N1 induced respiratory disease.
A CMOS Thermistor-Embedded Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Temperature Sensor With a Resolution FoM of 0.65 pJ <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula>C<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> (2015)

In a smart temperature sensor system, two individual building blocks, a sensing front-end and an analog-to-digital converter, are cascaded to implement the temperature-to-digital conversion. In this work, a thermistor-embedded continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM), which merges these two building blocks into one, is proposed for a hardware- and energy-efficient temperature acquisition. The thermistor-based sensing front-end is reused in a 2nd-order 1 bit CTDSM to attain a high-resolution, low hardware complexity, and energy-efficient temperature sensing. Furthermore, a resistor-ladder with a switch on-resistance compensation scheme is proposed to implement the trimming circuit. Over a range of -45°C ~ 125°C, the proposed smart temperature sensor consumes 64.5 μW from 1.5 V supply voltage and achieves a resolution around 0.01°C rms (1 σ) temperature resolution with a single conversion time of 100 μs. The corresponding resolution FoM is 0.65 pJ°C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With 1-point trimming, this design achieves ±1°C temperature inaccuracy; this inaccuracy can be further improved to ±0.4°C with additional batch calibration.