gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer and Expression of Human Ornithine δ-Aminotransferase into Embryonic Fibroblasts (1994)

Ornithine delta aminotransferase (OAT) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination of ornithine to glutamate semialdehyde. In humans, genetic deficiency of OAT results in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, a blinding chorioretinal degeneration usually beginning in late childhood. This disorder has been shown to be autosomal recessive, and is often caused by missense, nonsense, and/or frameshift mutations in the OAT gene. With the view of applying gene therapy, a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based recombinant retrovirus vector has been constructed. The human OAT cDNA was placed under the control of the enhancer-promoter regulatory elements derived from the MoMLV long terminal repeat (LTR). The construct was transfected into the retroviral packaging cell lines GP + E - 86 and psi CRIP to produce virus particles. Supernatant from these OAT retrovirus producer cell lines were used to transduce mouse C57B1/6 embryonal fibroblasts. We showed that the recombinant retrovirus transfers the OAT gene to the recipient cells, which produce an OAT RNA transcript when analyzed by Northern blot. Western blot analysis and enzymatic assays confirmed the presence of an OAT polypeptide that has a high enzymatic activity in the transduced cell lines, even after a long period of time in vitro.
Key Professional Issues (1998)

A wind of change is sweeping through the health service and its repercussions are being felt at the grass-roots level in primary care. Inevitably this is affecting patient care. Doctors' and counsellors' expectations, their roles and their relationships are being redefined. Patients are now expected to be more responsible for their own health. Exercise, diet and a healthy lifestyle are a few examples of this. Old assumptions about universal care 'from cradle to grave' are changing, and now that the dependency culture of the postwar decades is being swept aside, governments are urging us to invest in pensions to see us through our old age. The same applies to primary care and the rise of fund-holding practices. Doctors have had to reassess their allocation of funds. Who gets what and how much has been delegated to the local level, which means that decision making in health care is community- and patient-responsive. Choice has been the political justification for many of the changes, but few believe that there has been an equitable distribution of resources geographically and generationally, and even across gender and illness lines. While fund-holding practices have broken new ground by providing on-site counselling services for their patients, this may be financially motivated: counselling is cheaper than psychiatry.
Molecular and Cellular Effects of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibition in Myeloma (2012)

The NEDD8-activating enzyme is upstream of the 20S proteasome in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and catalyzes the first step in the neddylation pathway. NEDD8 modification of cullins is required for ubiquitination of cullin-ring ligases that regulate degradation of a distinct subset of proteins. The more targeted impact of NEDD8-activating enzyme on protein degradation prompted us to study MLN4924, an investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, in preclinical multiple myeloma models. In vitro treatment with MLN4924 led to dose-dependent decrease of viability (EC(50) = 25-150 nmol/L) in a panel of human multiple myeloma cell lines. MLN4924 was similarly active against a bortezomib-resistant ANBL-6 subline and its bortezomib-sensitive parental cells. MLN4924 had submicromolar activity (EC(50) values <500 nmol/L) against primary CD138(+) multiple myeloma patient cells and exhibited at least additive effect when combined with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, and bortezomib against MM.1S cells. The bortezomib-induced compensatory upregulation of transcripts for ubiquitin/proteasome was not observed with MLN4924 treatment, suggesting distinct functional roles of NEDD8-activating enzyme versus 20S proteasome. MLN4924 was well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg/kg 2× daily and significantly reduced tumor burden in both a subcutaneous and an orthotopic mouse model of multiple myeloma. These studies provide the framework for the clinical investigation of MLN4924 in multiple myeloma.
TOXICITY OF URANIUM AND THE REMOVAL EFFECTS OF CBMIDA AND EHBP IN SIMULATED WOUNDS OF RATS (2005)

We examined the acute toxicity of uranium (99.3% 238U, 0.7% 235U) and the effects of Catechol-3,6-bis(methyleiminodiacetic acid) (CBMIDA) and Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate (EHBP) on the removal of uranium after intramuscular injection as a simulated wound intake in rats. In this experiment, male Wistar rats, 8 wk old, were injected intramuscularly with uranyl nitrate in the femoral muscles. Experiment I: Rats died from 3 to 7 d after they were injected with five doses of 7.9, 15.8, 31.5, 63, and 126 mg kg(-1) uranium. The uranium retained 8.4-13.6% of the injected doses in the kidneys, showing the relationship between the injected dose and the retained concentration (r = 0.997). The excretion rates of the injected doses in the 63 and 126 mg kg(-1) uranium-injected rats were 1.73% and 3.09% in urine and 0.81% and 1.06% in feces on the first day, and 0.54% and 0.56% in feces on the second day, respectively. Experiment II: The retention of uranium at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h was examined after rats were injected with 63 mg kg(-1) uranium. The concentration of uranium decreased in the plasma, while it increased in the kidneys and femur until 6 h, and it continued to increase in the liver until 24 h. Experiment III: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) and were injected with a dose of 2 mg kg(-1) uranium. Two of the groups were then injected intraperitoneally with 240 or 480 mg kg-1 CBMIDA, and one group was injected with 10 mg kg(-1) EHBP once daily for 28 d, beginning 1 h after uranium injection on the first day. The fourth group was the non-treated control group. The survival rates at the end of the experiment were 80% and 40% in the 240 and 480 mg kg(-1) CBMIDA groups, 50% in the EHBP group, and 20% in the non-treated group. The successive administration of chelating agents was effective in decreasing the concentration of uranium in the kidneys, bone, and liver. The results indicated that uranium induces acute death and renal dysfunction by chemical toxicity, and both CBMIDA and EHBP were effective agents to prevent these effects.
APSTNG: radiation interrogation for verification of chemical and nuclear weapons (1992)

A recently developed neutron diagnostic probe system has the potential to satisfy a significant number of van-mobile and fixed-portal requirements for nondestructive verification of sealed munitions. The probe is based on a unique associated-particle sealed-tube neutron generator (APSTNG) that interrogates a TL1 (treaty-limited item) with a low-intensity beam of 14-MeV neutrons generated from the deuterium-tritium reaction and that detects the alpha-particle associated with each neutron. Gamma-ray spectra of resulting neutron inelastic scattering and fission reactions identify nuclides associated with all major chemicals in chemical warfare agents, explosives, and drugs, as well as many pollutants and fissile and fertile special nuclear material. Flight times determined from detection times of the gamma-rays and alpha-particles yield a separate tomographic image of each nuclide. The APSTNG also forms the basis for a compact fast-neutron transmission imaging system that can be used along with or instead of the emission imaging system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Delta-DNN: Efficiently Compressing Deep Neural Networks via Exploiting Floats Similarity (2020)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained considerable attention in various real-world applications due to the strong performance on representation learning. However, a DNN needs to be trained many epochs for pursuing a higher inference accuracy, which requires storing sequential versions of DNNs and releasing the updated versions to users. As a result, large amounts of storage and network resources are required, significantly hampering DNN utilization on resource-constrained platforms (e.g., IoT, mobile phone).
[Occurrence and control of Loxostege stieticatis on host plant Haloxylon ammodendron to Cistanche deserticola]. (2007)

The investigation of the occurrence and pesticide experiments of Loxostege stieticatis on Haloxylon ammodendron showed that Loxostege stieticatis is an explosive pest; it can be controlled with lower toxic pesticides such as deltametrin; the innocuous comprehension measure should be a good choice to control in field.
Viral Suppressors of RNA Silencing Hinder Exogenous and Endogenous Small RNA Pathways in Drosophila (2009)

Our findings identify VSRs as tools to unravel small RNA pathways in insects and suggest a cosuppression of antiviral RNAi and endo-siRNA silencing by viruses during fly infections.
PSEUDOVIEWER2: visualization of RNA pseudoknots of any type (2003)

Visualizing RNA pseudoknot structures is computationally more difficult than depicting RNA secondary structures, because a drawing of a pseudoknot structure is a graph (and possibly a nonplanar graph) with inner cycles within the pseudoknot, and possibly outer cycles formed between the pseudoknot and other structural elements. We previously developed PSEUDOVIEWER for visualizing H-type pseudoknots. PSEUDOVIEWER2 improves on the first version in many ways: (i) PSEUDOVIEWER2 is more general because it can visualize a pseudoknot of any type, including H-type pseudoknots, as a planar graph; (ii) PSEUDOVIEWER2 computes a drawing of RNA structures much more efficiently and is an order of magnitude faster in actual running time; and (iii) PSEUDOVIEWER2 is a web-based application program. Experimental results demonstrate that PSEUDOVIEWER2 generates an aesthetically pleasing drawing of pseudoknots of any type and that the new representation offered by PSEUDOVIEWER2 ensures uniform and clear drawings, with no edge crossing, for all types of pseudoknots. The PSEUDOVIEWER2 algorithm is the first developed for the automatic drawing of RNA secondary structures, including pseudoknots of any type. PSEUDOVIEWER2 is accessible at http://wilab.inha.ac.kr/pseudoviewer2/.
Comparative analysis of bone remodelling models with respect to computerised tomography-based finite element models of bone (2009)

Subject-specific finite element models are an extensively used tool for the numerical analysis of the biomechanical behaviour of human bones. However, bone modelling is not an easy task due to the complex behaviour of bone tissue, involving non-homogeneous and anisotropic mechanical properties. Moreover, bone is a living tissue and therefore its microstructure and mechanical properties evolve with time in a known process called bone remodelling. This phenomenon has been widely studied, many being the numerical models that have been formulated to predict density distribution and its evolution in several bones. The aim of the present study is to assess the capability of a bone remodelling model to predict the bone density distribution of different types of human bone (femur, tibia and mandible) comparing the obtained results with the bone density estimated by means of computerised tomography. Good accuracy was observed for the bone remodelling predictions including the thickness of the cortical layer.
Induction of stress proteins in human endothelial cells by heavy metal ions and heat shock (1999)

In the present study, we compared the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by heat and heavy metal ions in three different endothelial cell types, namely, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and the cell line EA.hy 926. Our results show that especially Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) are inducers of 70-kDa (HSP70), 60-kDa (HSP60), 32-kDa (HSP32), and 27-kDa (HSP27) HSPs. The strength of inducibility is specific for each HSP. Ni(2+) and Co(2+) only show an inducible effect at very high concentrations, that is, in the clearly cytotoxic range. Furthermore, we investigated the time course of HSP expression and the involvement of heat shock factor-1. Our study demonstrates that the three endothelial cell types that were under investigation show comparable stress protein expression when treated with heavy metal ions or heat shock. The expression of stress proteins may be used as an early marker for the toxic damage of cells. This damage can be an inducer of acute respiratory distress syndrome in which microvascular endothelial lesions occur early. Our study provides evidence that human umbilical vein endothelial cells or EA.hy 926 cells, which are much more easily isolated and/or cultivated than pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, could be used as alternative cell culture systems for studies on cellular dysfunction in the lung caused by toxic substances, certainly with respect to the expression of HSPs.
WireVis: Visualization of Categorical, Time-Varying Data From Financial Transactions (2007)

Large financial institutions such as Bank of America handle hundreds of thousands of wire transactions per day. Although most transactions are legitimate, these institutions have legal and financial obligations in discovering those that are suspicious. With the methods of fraudulent activities ever changing, searching on predefined patterns is often insufficient in detecting previously undiscovered methods. In this paper, we present a set of coordinated visualizations based on identifying specific keywords within the wire transactions. The different views used in our system depict relationships among keywords and accounts over time. Furthermore, we introduce a search-by-example technique which extracts accounts that show similar transaction patterns. In collaboration with the Anti-Money Laundering division at Bank of America, we demonstrate that using our tool, investigators are able to detect accounts and transactions that exhibit suspicious behaviors.
Giant Fiber Lasers: A New Paradigm for Secure Key Distribution (2006)

We propose and analyze a new concept for secure key distribution based on establishing laser oscillations between the sender and receiver. Compared to quantum mechanics based systems, our scheme allows for significantly higher key-establishing rates and longer ranges. By properly designing the laser structure, it is possible to increase the difficulty of eavesdropping almost arbitrarily, thus making our scheme an intriguing alternative and a complementary technology to quantum key-distribution systems.
Cloning and restriction mapping of human HBV genome serotype adr. (1983)

A Bam HI cleaved 3.2 Kb fragment from the HBV adr genome was cloned in E. coli using pBR322 as vector. Sixteen restriction sites from the action of Bam HI, Hind III, Bgl I, Bgl II, Ava I, Hinc II, Sph I, Xba I, Xho I and Sst II were determined and mapped. No cleavage sites were found for Eco RI, Pst I, Sma I, Hpa I, Kpn I, Pvu II and Sst I. The restriction map for HBV adr is significantly different from those reported for the subtypes adw, ayw and adyw.
Terahertz atmospheric attenuation and continuum effects (2013)

Remote sensing over long path lengths has become of greater interest in the terahertz frequency region. Applications such as pollution monitoring and detection of energetic chemicals are of particular interest. Although there has been much attention to atmospheric effects over narrow frequency windows, accurate measurements across a wide spectrum is lacking. The water vapor continuum absorption spectrum was investigated using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. The continuum effect gives rise to an excess absorption that is unaccounted for in just a resonant line spectrum simulation. The transmission of broadband terahertz radiation from 0.300THz - 1.5THz through air with varying relative humidity levels was recorded for multiple path lengths. From these data, the absorption coefficient as a function of frequency was determined and compared with model calculations. The intensity and location of the strong absorption lines were in good agreement with spectral databases such as the 2008 HITRAN database and the JPL database. However, a noticeable continuum effect was observed particularly in the atmospheric transmission windows. A small discrepancy still remained even after accounting for continuum absorption using the best available data from the literature. This discrepancy, when projected over a one kilometer path length, typical of distances used in remote sensing, can cause a 30dB difference between calculated and observed attenuation. From the experimental and resonant line simulation spectra the air-broadening continuum parameter was calculated and compared with values available in the literature.
Heartbeat Mechanism for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2010)

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol. The mobility entities involved in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol, the mobile access gateway (MAG) and the local mobility anchor (LMA), set up tunnels dynamically to manage mobility for a mobile node within the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. This document describes a heartbeat mechanism between the MAG and the LMA to detect failures, quickly inform peers in the event of a recovery from node failures, and allow a peer to take appropriate action.
Self-Assembled Chromophoric NLO-Active Structures. Second-Harmonic Generation and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Nucleophilic Substitution and Ion Exchange Processes on Benzyl Halide-Functionalized Surfaces (1996)

The progress and extent of nucleophilic substitution and ion exchange reactions of self-assembled chromophoric monolayers are studied by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy. Self-assembled monolayers prepared from 2-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]ethyl trichlorosilane (1) on glass substrates are susceptible to nucleophilic substitution of ∼90% of the surface-confined benzylic chloride functionalities with the “hypernucleophile” 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine; however, only ∼60% of the densely packed benzyl chloride groups undergo reaction with the high-β chromophore precursor 4‘-[4-[N,N-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]styryl]pyridine (2a). Quaternization of a benzylic monolayer with this molecule yields a monolayer having a bulk second-order NLO response (χ(2)) of 3 × 10-7 esu at λ0 = 1064 nm, corresponding to a near-maximum chromophore coverage of ∼2 × 1014 molecules/cm2. The kinetics of this substitution reaction and associated structural modifications are studied in real time by in situ polarized SHG techniques, which reveal non-Langmuirian kinetics and a rapidly increasing chromophore tilt angle with increasing coverage. The quaternization kinetics can be fit to a phenomenological biexponential rate equation with k‘1 ≈ 2 × 10-2 L mol-1 s-1 and k‘2 ≈ 2 × 10-3 L mol-1 s-1 and to a coverage-dependent activation energy model (EA = E0 + Ebθ), yielding a perturbative energy Eb of 6−8 kJ mol-1. Both models are compatible with increasing repulsive interactions between chromophores at high coverages. The charge-compensating chloride counterions within monolayers having dense chromophore packing can be ion exchanged with iodide, up to a maximum of ∼40% of available chloride ions. The introduction of larger anions (sulfanilate, ethyl orange, eosin B) is observed in less densely packed films; however, the ion exchange process is completely inhibited in monolayers capped with a siloxane overlayer. In all cases, exchange of the chloride leads to significant increases in the second-harmonic generation efficiency, up to 45% on exchange with eosin B. In the case of iodide and sulfanilate substitution for chloride, the increase in the second-order response upon ion exchange is attributable to the incoming anion assuming a position within the monolayer microstructure different from that of the displaced anion.
[Extracorporeal immunosorption in the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma]. (1986)

The author presents information on the use and clinical efficacy of extracorporeal therapeutic methods in various diseases. The main difficulties in the assessment of the efficacy of these therapeutic methods have been unraveled. The results of the use of immunosorption in systemic lupus erythematosus, cancer, hemophilia, diabetes mellitus, ABO-incompatibility and bronchial asthma indicate the promise of this approach to the performance of specific therapeutic programs.
A Phase 2/3 Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide Versus Investigator's Choice in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 2/3 trial investigating lenalidomide versus investigator's choice (IC) in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Patients with DLBCL who received ≥2 prior therapies were stratified by DLBCL subtype [germinal center B-cell (GCB) vs. non-GCB; determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC)] and then randomized 1:1 to lenalidomide (25 mg/day, 21 days of 28-day cycle) or IC (gemcitabine, rituximab, etoposide, or oxaliplatin). Crossover to lenalidomide was permitted for IC-treated patients with radiologically confirmed progressive disease. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and subtype analysis [GCB vs. activated B-cell (ABC)] using gene expression profiling (GEP) were exploratory endpoints.<b>Results:</b> Stage 1: 102 DLBCL patients (by IHC: non-GCB, <i>n</i> = 54; GCB, <i>n</i> = 48) received ≥1 dose of lenalidomide or IC. Hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events with lenalidomide versus IC included neutropenia (42.6%; 36.4%), anemia (33.3%; 47.3%), thrombocytopenia (24.1%; 43.6%), and leukopenia (5.6%; 12.7%), respectively. Overall, lenalidomide-treated patients had an ORR of 27.5% versus 11.8% in IC (ORRs were similar regardless of IHC-defined DLBCL subtype). Median PFS was increased in patients receiving lenalidomide (13.6 weeks) versus IC (7.9 weeks; <i>P</i> = 0.041), with greater improvements in non-GCB patients (15.1 vs. 7.1 weeks, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.021) compared with GCB (10.1 vs. 9.0 weeks, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.550).<b>Conclusions:</b> The clinical benefit of lenalidomide monotherapy in DLBCL patients was more evident in the non-GCB subtype. Exploratory analyses suggest that this preferential benefit was more pronounced in the GEP-defined ABC population, demonstrating a need for additional studies of lenalidomide in DLBCL using GEP subtyping. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4127-37. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A Cultural Interpretation of the Bodies of Marginalized People in Welty’s - A Curtain of Green and Other Stories (2018)

A Curtain of Green and Other Stories is a collection of short stories written by Southern American writer Eudora Welty. In the story collection, Welty portrays life and people in Mississippi in the first half of the 20th century, including quite a few marginalized people. Being a photographer as well, Welty has a unique vision for body expression. This essay tries to make an analysis of the body narration of two types of marginalized people in A Curtain of Green and Other Stories, including physically disabled people and black people. By analyzing the body culture in Welty’s works, this essay tries to give a vivid picture of Southern marginalized people’s daily existence, probe into the social circumstances of Southern America in early 20th century, and find a new perspective to interpret Southern American culture.