gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble pentacene precursors: strategic design, synthesis, and characterization (2008)

A series of soluble pentacene precursors are designed, from which pure pentacene can be generated either thermally or photochemically. Small volatile fragments like CO and CO<sub>2</sub> are extruded during the dissociation reactions. Thin films of pentacene made from these precursors exhibited typical OTFT characteristics.
Circular Oligonucleotides: New Concepts in Oligonucleotide Design (1996)

Recent progress in the synthesis and properties of circular oligonucleotides as ligands for DNA and RNA and as templates for polymerase enzymes is described. Small synthetic circular DNAs, RNAs, and chimeric analogues ranging from 28 to 74 nucleotides in size have been synthesized with the use of a nonenzymatic ligation strategy. Some of these were designed to undergo triplex formation with single-stranded DNA and RNA targets, and many bind with affinities and sequence selectivities considerably greater than those seen for linear oligonucleotides. Design strategies and modes of binding are discussed in the light of possible use of such molecules as hybridization probes, molecular diagnostics, and sequence-specific inhibitors of gene expression. Small circular oligonucleotides have also been shown to act as unusually efficient templates for DNA and RNA polymerases, which produce long, repeating copies of the circular sequence by a rolling circle process.
A New Family of Nanoparticle Based Drilling Fluids (2012)

Abstract A new family of water-based drilling fluids that contain nano-particles has been tested to evaluate its interaction with shales. It was shown in an earlier paper that nano-particles dramatically reduce the flow of water into a shale formation. In this study we have developed and tested a new family of commercially available drilling fluids that can be used to drill shales. Drilling shale formations with water-based fluids offers some tremendous environmental and economic advantages. To date the use of such fluids have been limited to hard shales such as the Barnett. In this paper we have developed and lab tested water-based drilling fluids that contain nano-particles that can be applied to a much broader range of shales. Water-based drilling fluids have been formulated that incorporate nano-particles in them at a very reasonable cost. The rheology and stability of these muds were tested. A family of such fluids has been developed and tested in the lab. It is found that the muds are quite stable at elevated pressures and temperatures and offer a wide range of rheological properties. These muds also offer good lubricity and are, therefore suitable for applications in drilling the lateral section of the hole in shales. Tests were also conducted to measure the extent of invasion of water into shales when they are exposed to nano-particle based drilling fluids. The invasion into the shale was reduced by 10 to 100 times indicating that wellbore instability problems will be minimized when these muds are used. Drilling long lateral sections in shales and tight gas reservoirs is often the largest capital cost associated with the development of these resources. Nano-particle based drilling fluids have the potential to significantly cut these drilling and disposal costs and offer significant environmental benefits.
ADMINISTRATION OF INTERLEUKIN 12 (IL-12) TO PATIENTS (PTS) WITH AIDS-ASSOCIATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (KS): PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY (1999)

Jaffe, Elaine S.; Straus, Stephen E.; Puck, Jennifer M.; Dale, Janet K.; Fleisher, Thomas; Lin, Albert Y.; Wang, Jin; Fischer, Roxanne; Middelton, Lindsay A.; Hallahan, Claire W.; Sneller, Michael C.; Lenardo, Michael J. Author Information
Piezo-bending actuators for isometric or auxotonic contraction analysis of engineered heart tissue (2018)

Engineered heart tissue (EHT) has proven as valuable tool for disease modelling, drug safety screening, and cardiac repair. Especially in combination with the stem cell technology, these in vitro models of the human heart have generated interest not only of basic cardiovascular researchers but also of regulatory authorities responsible for drug safety. A main limitation of 3D-based assays for evaluating cardiotoxicity is their limited throughput. We integrated piezo-bending actuators in a 24-well system for the generation of strip-like rat and human EHT attached to hollow, elastic silicone posts. Muscle contractions of EHTs induced a measurable electrical current in the piezo-bending actuators that could be analysed for contraction amplitude, frequency, and contraction and relaxation kinetics. Compared with the standard video-optical analysis of contractile activity, the new system allows for (a) the analysis of several tissues in parallel, (b) switching between auxotonic and isometric contractions by inserting a stiff metal post in the silicone post opposing the piezo actuator, (c) continuous measurement over days with low data volume (megabyte), (d) automated measurement without the necessity of adjustment of tissue position for video-optical analysis, (e) reduced complexity and costs, (f) high sensitivity of contraction detection, (g) calculation of absolute contraction force, and (h) suitability for variable tissue geometries. The new set-up for contraction analysis based on piezo-bending actuators is a promising new method for the parallel screening of EHT for pharmacological drug effects and other applications of muscle tissue engineering (e.g., skeletal muscle engineering or cardiac repair).
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Applications and Prospects in Nanomedicine (2013)

Promising results have been obtained using cerium (Ce) oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) as antioxidants in biological systems. CNPs have unique regenerative properties owing to their low reduction potential and the coexistence of both Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) on their surfaces. Defects in the crystal lattice due to the presence of Ce(3+) play an important role in tuning the redox activity of CNPs. The surface Ce(3+):Ce(4+) ratio is influenced by the microenvironment. Therefore, the microenvironment and synthesis method adopted also plays an important role in determining the biological activity and toxicity of CNPs. The presence of a mixed valance state plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. CNPs are found to be effective against pathologies associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. CNPs are well tolerated in both in vitro and in vivo biological models, which makes CNPs well suited for applications in nanobiology and regenerative medicine.
The mechanism of bone induction and bone healing by human osteosarcoma cell extracts. (1995)

Saos-2 cultured human osteosarcoma cells contain an extractable bone inducing agent that can induce heterotopic bone in the muscle of Nu/Nu mice. A semipurified GuHCl extract of Saos-2 cells also can promote healing and complete bony union in otherwise non-healing surgically induced defects of rat femur. Northern blot analyses indicate expression of mRNAs for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) in Saos-2 cells, and BMP-2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and TGF beta in nonosteoinductive U20S human osteosarcoma cells. Saos-2 cells exceeded U20S cells in expression levels of BMP-1, 3, 4 and TGF beta, whereas U20S cells expressed higher levels of BMP-2, 6 and also expressed trace amounts of BMP-5 and 7 not seen in Saos-2 cells. The authors hypothesize that Saos-2 cells contain an optimal admixture of known bone growth factors plus possible other unknown components that, acting alone or in combination with bone morphogenetic protein and/or TGF beta, can induce bone. Although bone inducing agent-induced heterotopic bones have half lives of only a few weeks, the reparative bone induced by bone inducing agent in femoral defects gives every indication of being permanent and self-sustaining. This suggests a fundamental difference between heterotopic and orthotopic osteoprogenitor cells with those involved in orthotopic bone repair more closely resembling the committed or determined osteoprogenitor cells of marrow as described by Friedenstein.
One-way Cross-talk between p38MAPK and p42/44MAPK (1999)

In this paper, we report that SB202190 alone, a specific inhibitor of p38(MAPK), induces low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression (6-8-fold) in a sterol-sensitive manner in HepG2 cells. Consistent with this finding, selective activation of the p38(MAPK) signaling pathway by expression of MKK6b(E), a constitutive activator of p38(MAPK), significantly reduced LDL receptor promoter activity. Expression of the p38(MAPK) alpha-isoform had a similar effect, whereas expression of the p38(MAPK) betaII-isoform had no significant effect on LDL receptor promoter activity. SB202190-dependent increase in LDL receptor expression was accompanied by induction of p42/44(MAPK), and inhibition of this pathway completely prevented SB202190-induced LDL receptor expression, suggesting that p38(MAPK) negatively regulates the p42/44(MAPK) cascade and the responses mediated by this kinase. Cross-talk between these kinases appears to be one-way because modulation of p42/44(MAPK) activity did not affect p38(MAPK) activation by a variety of stress inducers. Taken together, these findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized one-way communication that exists between p38(MAPK) and p42/44(MAPK) and provide the first evidence that through the p42/44(MAPK) signaling cascade, the p38(MAPK) alpha-isoform negatively regulates LDL receptor expression, thus representing a novel mechanism of fine tuning cellular levels of cholesterol in response to a diverse set of environmental cues.
Functionalizations and bridgehead reactivity of 4-homoisotwistane (tricyclo[5,3,1,0<sup>3,8</sup>]undecane). Synthesis of 3-substituted derivatives (1975)

Bromination and hydride transfer-carboxylation of 4-homoisotwistane (tricyclo[5,3,1,03,8]undecane)(I) to give the 3-substituted derivatives (II) and (III) as well as ready hydrolysis of the 3-bromide (II) shows the high reactivity of the 3-bridgehead in the hydrocarbon (I).
Multiple sprayer system for high‐throughput electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2002)

A multiple sprayer electrospray ion source for high-throughput analysis is described. The ion source is comprised of multiple electrospray capillaries, each with an ion lens located near the tip. The electric potentials applied to the ion lenses are used to control the sprayers. The use of ion lenses eliminates the need for mechanical blocking devices to selectively enable or disable the sprayers, and results in a less expensive and more reliable set-up. Sprayers can be enabled or disabled within approximately 50-250 ms when the lens potentials are controlled manually. For simultaneous operation of multiple electrospray capillaries, it is advantageous to orient the capillaries so that the spray from each passes directly in front of the entrance aperture of the mass spectrometer.
Utrophin: A Structural and Functional Comparison to Dystrophin (1996)

Utrophin is an autosomally-encoded homologue of dystrophin, the protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene. Although, utrophin is very similar in sequence to dystrophin and possesses many of the protein-binding properties ascribed to dystrophin, both proteins are expressed in an apparently reciprocal manner and may be coordinately regulated. In normal skeletal muscle, utrophin is found at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) whereas dystrophin predominates at the sarcolemma. However, during development, and in some myopathies including DMD, utrophin is also found at the sarcolemma. This re-distribution is often associated with a significant increase in the levels of utrophin. At the NMJ utrophin co-localizes with the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and may play a role in the stabilization of the synaptic cytoskeleton. Because utrophin and dystrophin are so similar, utrophin may be able to replace dystrophin in dystrophin deficient muscle. This review compares the structure and function of utrophin to dystrophin and discusses the rationale behind the use of utrophin as a potential therapeutic agent.
Postprocessing for very low bit-rate video compression (1999)

This paper presents a novel postprocessing algorithm developed specifically for very low bit-rate MC-DCT video coders operating at low spatial resolution, postprocessing is intricate in this situation because the low sampling rate (as compared to the image feature size) makes it very easy to overfilter, producing excessive blurring. The proposed algorithm uses pixel-by-pixel processing to identify and reduce both blocking artifacts and mosquito noise while attempting to preserve the sharpness and naturalness of the reconstructed video signal and minimize the system complexity. Experimental results show that the algorithm successfully reduces artifacts in a 16 kb/s scene-adaptive coder for video signals sampled at 80 x 112 pixels per frame and 5-10 frames/s. Furthermore, the portability of the proposed algorithm to other block-DCT based compression systems is shown by applying it, without modification, to successfully post-process a JPEG-compressed image.
Blood group-related antigens in human kidney: modulation of Lewis determinants in renal cell carcinoma. (1989)

Seven mouse monoclonal antibodies and the lectin Ulex europaeus, detecting blood group related antigens of the ABH and Lewis systems, have been used to determine the immunophenotype of human renal cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analyses have demonstrated that these antigenic systems are differentially expressed by distinct normal cell types and domains of the human nephron. In the present study we analyzed the immunophenotype of 29 primary and 15 metastatic renal carcinomas by the immunoperoxidase method. Blood type was known in all of the cases and secretor status in nine cases. ABH specificities were not detected in tumor cells of the primary tumors studied, although two of the metastases showed heterogeneous expression of H and A antigens, respectively. Lewisx (Lex) determinant was detected in 76% of primary renal cell carcinomas; however, Lex was only expressed by occasional cells in 20% of the metastatic tumors analyzed. Lewisa (Lea) was detected with a heterogeneous pattern of expression in 31% of the primary and 26% of the metastatic renal tumors studied. Lewisy (Ley) antigen expression was found in 17% of the primary and 20% of the metastatic tumors analyzed. Detection of precursor type 1 structure was observed in 28% of primary and 20% of metastatic renal cell carcinomas. The present study suggests the histogenesis of renal cell carcinoma in the proximal nephron, based on the expression of Lex and Lea antigens. It also shows: (a) an apparent deletion, downregulation or structural modification of Lex determinant in most of the metastatic tumors; (b) undetectable levels of ABH specificities in tumor cells of primary renal cell carcinoma; and (c) enhanced expression and/or neosynthesis of precursor type 1 structure and Ley determinant in some renal cell carcinomas.
Estimating rock porosity and fluid saturation using only seismic velocities (2002)

Abstract Evaluation of the fluid content in deep earth reservoirs or fluid contaminants in shallow earth environments has required the use of geophysical imaging methods such as seismic reflection prospecting. Interpretation of seismic velocities and amplitudes is based on theories of fluid-saturated and partially saturated rocks that have been available since the 1950s. Here we present a new synthesis of the same physical concepts that uses compressional-wave velocities together with shear-wave velocities in a scheme that is much simpler to understand and apply yet yields detailed information about porosity and fluid saturation magnitudes and spatial distribution. The key idea revolves around the fact that the density and the Lamé elastic parameter λ are the only two parameters determining seismic velocities that also contain information about fluid saturation. At low enough frequencies, Gassmann's well-known equations show that the shear modulus is independent of the fluid saturation level. We use these facts to construct saturation-proxy and data-sorting plots from seismic velocity data. The new method does not require reflectivity data, although it can use such information if available. The method can therefore be applied to a wide range of source–receiver configurations, including seismic reflection profiling (surface to surface), vertical seismic profiling (well to surface), and cross-well seismic transmission tomography (well to well), since availability of reflection data is not a requirement.
RRCNet: Rivet Region Classification Network for Rivet Flush Measurement Based on 3-D Point Cloud (2020)

In the aircraft manufacturing industry, rivet inspection is a vital task for the aircraft structure stability and aerodynamic performance. In this article, we propose a novel framework for fully automated rivet flush measurement, which is the key step in rivet inspection task. To efficiently perform rivet flush measurement, we first develop a mobile 3-D scanning system to automatically capture the 3-D point cloud of the aircraft skin surface. Subsequently, rivet regions are extracted through point cloud processing techniques. Instead of relying on handcrafted features, we propose a novel data-driven approach for rivet point extraction via a deep-learning-based technique. Our algorithm takes a scanned point cloud of the aircraft skin surface as input and produces a dense point cloud label result for each point, distinguishing as rivet point or not. To achieve this, we propose a rivet region classification network (RRCNet) that can input the 2-D representations of a point and output a binary label indicating that the point is rivet or nonrivet point. Moreover, we design a field attention unit (FAU) to assign adaptive weights to different forms of 2-D representations via the attention mechanism in convolutional neural networks. The extracted rivet regions can then be used to perform rivet flush measurement. The abovementioned components result in a fully automatic contactless measurement framework of aircraft skin rivet flush. Several experiments are performed to demonstrate the priority of the proposed RRCNet and the effectiveness of the presented rivet flush measurement framework.
Scheduling algorithms for high-throughput packet data service in cellular radio systems (2004)

This paper examines the performance of a number of scheduling algorithms for the wireless packet data access evolution of third-generation cellular systems. The algorithms are analyzed using three different wireless channel models (two pedestrian, one vehicular). For each channel model, a comparison of the performance of the algorithms using outdated channel state information plus margins tuned to provide an average 1% packet error rate, as well as using perfect channel prediction in order to determine the supportable bit rate and transmission format for each user, has been carried out. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated in terms of the average throughput per sector as a function of the number of users. The average delay per packet and per user versus the number of users per sector and the distributions of allocated slots per user are also determined as a measure of the fairness of each algorithm. It is also shown that the use of outdated information and margins can be an effective substitute for prediction, provided that the outdated measurements are reasonably accurate.
Interleaved generic-point parallel scalar multiplication (2015)

This paper presents an efficient scheme for generic-point postcomputation-based parallel scalar multiplication. The proposed scheme processes more than one request simultaneously by interleaving parallel scalar multiplications. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous postcomputation-based methods when the consecutive requests number is eight or more. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is scalable for any number of parallel processors and performs better as the number of consecutive requests increases. Accordingly, the proposed scheme is very attractive for use in high-performance end servers that use parallel elliptic curve processors.
Nanostructured materials for thermoelectric applications (2010)

Recent studies indicate that nanostructuring can be an effective method for increasing the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in materials. Most of the enhancement in ZT can be attributed to large reductions in the lattice thermal conductivity due to increased phonon scattering at interfaces. Although significant gains have been reported, much higher ZTs in practical, cost-effective and environmentally benign materials are needed in order for thermoelectrics to become effective for large-scale, wide-spread power and thermal management applications. This review discusses the various synthetic techniques that can be used in the production of bulk scale nanostructured materials. The advantages and disadvantages of each synthetic method are evaluated along with guidelines and goals presented for an ideal thermoelectric material. With proper optimization, some of these techniques hold promise for producing high efficiency devices.
Terahertz-Radiation-Enhanced Emission of Fluorescence from Gas Plasma (2009)

We report the study of femtosecond laser-induced air plasma fluorescence under the illumination of terahertz (THz) pulses. Semiclassical modeling and experimental verification indicate that time-resolved THz radiation-enhanced emission of fluorescence is dominated by the electron kinetics and the electron-impact excitation of gas molecules or ions. We demonstrate that the temporal waveform of the THz field could be retrieved from the transient enhanced fluorescence, making omnidirectional, coherent detection available for THz time-domain spectroscopy.
Service Function Chaining in Multi-Domain Networks (2016)

We propose a vertex-centric distributed resource orchestration algorithm for finding all feasible mappings of a service function chain in multi-domain networks. Simulation results show superior efficiency and scalability for computing large service function chain requests.
Analog Circuits for Symbol-Likelihood Computation (2006)

New analog circuits are presented to convert the output of a matched filter into symbol-and bit-likelihoods suitable as input to analog decoders for error correcting codes. The new circuits can be adapted to many constellations including pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and for arbitrary bit-to-symbol mappings. In contrast to a previously published circuit these new circuits compute exact probabilities and they are more versatile.