gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation design and evaluation of metronidazole microspheres in a bioadhesive gel for local therapy of vaginal candidiasis (2011)

The purpose of this study was to design a novel vaginal delivery system composed of metronidazole\nmicrospheres dispersed within a bioadhesive gel. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation\nmethod using Eudragit RS-100 and RL-100 polymers with different drug/polymer ratios. Microspheres\nwere characterized by SEM, DSC, FT-IR and particle size analysis and evaluated for morphology,\ndrug loading and in vitro drug release in simulated vaginal fluid. The % yield, actual drug loading and encapsulation\nwere found to range between 79 ± 0.5 to 94 ± 0.6%, 19.6 ± 0.27 to 35.91 ± 0.66 %, 69.3 ± 0.78\nto 81.2 ± 0.36 %, respectively. The FT-IR and DSC spectra revealed that there was no chemical interaction\nbetween drug and polymers used. SEM revealed that microspheres were spherical with nearly smooth\nsurface morphology with a mean particle size ranging from 177 ± 0.4 to 456 ± 0.5 µm. The formulation F9\nhave shown better in vitro release 99 % at 10 h. To achieve bioadhesion to mucosal tissue, formulation F9\nwas incorporated in the bioadhesive gel made of carbopol 934P. Metronidazole microspheres gel (MTZMG)\nwas characterized by in vitro drug release and antifungal activity. The drug release was controlled up\nto12 h. Inhibition effect on the C. albicans j1012 growth, suggested their effectiveness in the treatment of\nvaginal candidiasis. It may be concluded from present study that MTZ-MG can be used as a novel delivery\nsystem for local therapy of vaginal candidiasis.
Mycobacterial Infections in. AIDS Patients, with an Emphasis on the Mycobacterium avium Complex (1986)

Serious infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) have been increasingly recognized over the last three decades. However, the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has increased interest in these infections. Disseminated mycobacterial disease is common in patients with AIDS, and MAC is the predominant bacterial isolate. Indeed, at UCLA Medical Center, MAC organisms are now the predominant isolates in both AIDS- and non-AIDS-associated mycobacterial disease. MAC lung infections have been difficult to treat. Complex regimens employing four to six drugs are not clearly effective and are usually associated with considerable toxicity. Treatment of MAC infections in patients with AIDS has been particularly frustrating, and evidence that treatment can either eradicate disease or prolong life is limited. MAC organisms are invariably resistant to traditional antituberculosis medications. We have examined a variety of other compounds, and our findings, based on both in vitro and animal-model studies, have identified drugs which, when used in combination, are potentially of therapeutic utility.
Cutting Edge: Tissue-Retentive Lung Memory CD4 T Cells Mediate Optimal Protection to Respiratory Virus Infection (2011)

We identify in this article a new class of lung tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that exhibit tissue tropism and retention independent of Ag or inflammation. Tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells in the lung did not circulate or emigrate from the lung in parabiosis experiments, were protected from in vivo Ab labeling, and expressed elevated levels of CD69 and CD11a compared with those of circulating memory populations. Importantly, influenza-specific lung-resident memory CD4 T cells served as in situ protectors to respiratory viral challenge, mediating enhanced viral clearance and survival to lethal influenza infection. By contrast, memory CD4 T cells isolated from spleen recirculated among multiple tissues without retention and failed to mediate protection to influenza infection, despite their ability to expand and migrate to the lung. Our results reveal tissue compartmentalization as a major determining factor for immune-mediated protection in a key mucosal site, important for targeting local protective responses in vaccines and immunotherapies.
Full-color image-plane holographic video display (2007)

In this paper, we have investigated real time calculation and display optics of full color hologram with full parallax. In our previous study, full color hologram was realized as the rainbow hologram which discards vertical parallax to reduce computation complexity. Since the color of the reconstructed image changes when observer moves to the vertical direction even a little, proper color reproduction can be obtained only from narrow viewing area. And this hologram has horizontal parallax only. In this study, we employ the image hologram for better color reproduction and full parallax reconstruction. When we calculate the image hologram, we use the virtual window to reduce the calculation amount. By using the virtual window, we could achieve 253 times faster the calculation speed compare with Fresnel hologram using the difference method. The full color hologram is displayed on the holographic television (HoloTV), which uses a part of original optics and LCoS panels of the conventional video projector (Cannon POWERPROJECTOR SX50) to separate and combine color components. From experimental results, computational speed of the full-color image hologram is almost same as the full-color rainbow hologram and color reproduction is better than that of the rainbow hologram. We also could achieve to reconstruct good quality animation.
Transverse-mode control in an injection laser by a strip-loaded waveguide (1977)

Transverse-mode control in an injection laser by a strip-loaded waveguide structure is described. A stable single transverse-mode was obtained at currents up to about five times threshold with a 4-μm waveguide width. This laser is easily fabricated by liquid-phase-epitaxial processes and selective chemical etching techniques.
Exploring compromises among timing, power and temperature in three-dimensional integrated circuits (2006)

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) have the potential to reduce interconnect lengths and improve digital system performance. However, heat removal is more difficult in 3DICs, and the higher temperatures increase delay and leakage power, potentially negating the performance improvement. Thermal vias can help to remove heat, but they create routing congestion, which also leads to longer interconnects. It is therefore very difficult to tell whether or not a particular system may benefit from 3D integration. In order to help understand this trade-off, physical design experiments were performed on a low-power and a high-performance design in an existing 3DIC technology. Each design was partitioned and routed with varying numbers of tiers and thermal-via densities. A thermal-analysis methodology is developed to predict the final performance. Results show that the lowest energy per operation and delay are achieved with 4 or 5 tiers. These results show a reduction in energy and delay of up to 27% and 20% compared to a traditional 2DIC approach. In addition, it is shown that thermal-vias offer no performance benefit for the low-power system and only marginal benefit for the high-performance system.
Dual lattice photonic-crystal beam splitters (2005)

Light propagation in photonic crystals (PhC) is both sensitive to incident angle and wavelength. By combining two different PhC lattices, we utilize this effect to demonstrate a wavelength-dependent beam splitter with enhanced angular separation. The first lattice acts as a superprism that separates the incoming light according to wavelength, whereas the second lattice acts as an angular amplifier. We obtain 90° angular separation for two wavelengths separated by 70 nm (1300 nm regime) in a structure that is less than 10 μm long.
Study of Stimulus-Induced Plasticity in Neural Networks Cultured in Microfluidic Chips (2017)

Dissociated brain cell cultures on microelectrode arrays are widely used to study fundamental mechanisms of information processing and synaptic plasticity. It has been established that high frequency electrical stimulation causes functional changes in neural networks. However, complex and homogeneous morphological structure of cultured brain cell networks presents a significant challenge for further evaluation of the synaptic plasticity at the network level. In this study, we propose a new approach to studying neural network plasticity using microfluidic devices with specially designed channels. Microfluidic chips can guide axons and form neural circuits with two subnetworks connected by synaptic paths in the required direction. To induce synaptic plasticity, high frequency tetanic stimulation by two groups of electrodes located in the area of pre-and postsynaptic neurons was applied. The developed method of potentiation and depression of the required functional connectivity in the neural circuit can be used to further study network effects of synaptic plasticity induced in the local subpopulation of cells.
Fujitsu VP2000 series (2002)

A description is given of the Fujitsu VP2000 series, a new-generation supercomputer supporting full compatibility with previous VP and VP-E series, and with much higher performance. The VP2000 series has a performance range of between 0.5 and 4 GFLOPS. It features a dual scalar processor architecture, expanded main storage, system storage, and connectivity to UNIX environments. The series offers a wide range of vector performance, with the most powerful model being eight times faster than the entry-level model. Whereas Model 10 has a uniprocessor architecture, Model 20 is a dual scalar processor system in which two scalar units can share one vector unit. The VP2000 series has a total of eight models that are field upgradable. The new features in architecture, LSI technology, and software are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Application of Fluorous-tagged Oligonucleotides (2006)

Abstract Nucleoside phosphoramidites bearing a adsorbent tert-butylphenyl-1H,1H,2H,2H-heptafluorodecyloxysilyl (BPFOS) group were used to synthesize fluorous-tagged oligonucleotides, viz. 5-mer, 10-mer, 13-mer, 17-mer, and 19-mer, which were subjected to liquid-phase extraction. The labeled oligomers were found to be highly hydrophobic in nature, become precipitated in water, therefore allowing easy purification from the failure sequences. The silyl fluorous group was deprotected by TBAF treatment and oligomers were easily purified by CH3CN/FC-72 liquid–liquid extraction. Fluorous-tagged oligonucleotides have high selectivity for the removal of failure sequences, high recoveries (typically 70–100%).
A potential silver catalyst system for new generation of electroless Cu process as a palladium substitution (2016)

Electroless plating of copper onto insulating substrates is a process broadly applied in the electronics industry for manufacture of printed circuit boards and decorative plating of plastic parts for automotive or consumer appliance. The key step involves surface activation of the dielectric surface for deposition in electroless copper bath. Palladium catalyst, either in its ionic form or metallic form, is most widely used for this purpose. However, the high and volatile unit metal price causes the catalyst solution to be the most expensive part among the electroless process. The economic pressure imposed on manufacturers and consumers would be the major driving force for developing an alternative catalyst system with lower cost. Previously we have introduced the innovative nano-silver catalyst system such as the physical properties, catalytic performance on conventional electroless copper deposition, and reliability performance in copper-copper interconnects area. [1] In this paper, comparison of silver catalyst with traditional palladium catalyst for MHC process will be described. Further study on deposition profile, microvia coverage and morphology, and reliability performance with liquid-to-liquid thermal shock will be illustrated. In the last section, the concerns on silver migration with silver catalyst applications on printed circuit board will be discussed.
Comparative Performance of Different Types of Heat Pump Technologies in a Low Energy Building (2010)

In the present work, a study has been conducted for the assessment of the comparative performance of different types of heat pump systems in a low energy building. The case study is a residential building complex in northern Italy (Milan) with 15 apartments distributed in 3 floors and total air-conditioned area is about 1050 m2. The building is designed according to the advanced rules of sustainable architecture and satisfies all the requirements of the Italian National Standards implemented under Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD). The energy performance of the building is carried out through dynamic simulations using EnergyPlus software. The estimated annual energy demand for the simulated building is 31.7 kWh/m2 for heating and 21.9 kWh/m2 for cooling. Two types of heat pump technologies are applied in that building for heating and cooling systems. The first one is an air-to-water heat pump (ASHP) using outside air as heat source/sink. The second one is a ground source heat pump (GSHP), uses geothermal energy as renewable energy source, through vertical ground heat exchanger (boreholes). The heat is distributed through the radiant floor panels inside the building. As a preliminary evaluation, the energy consumption results are compared between two systems in order to evaluate potential energy savings. The results are compared for both heating and cooling energy consumption. It has been observed that GSHP system has potential to provide annual energy savings of about 41% for heating and about 11% for cooling in comparison to an air-to-water heat pump.
Multi-spectral remote image registration based on SIFT (2008)

The number of incorrect matches of SIFT keypoints will sharply increase when the SIFT-based registration algorithm is adopted for pairs of multi-spectral remote images, owing to the significant difference in the image intensity between multi-spectral images. Scale restriction criteria for keypoint matching are proposed, and experimental results demonstrate that it will greatly improve match performance.
Intensity-modulated fluence patterns for task-specific imaging in cone-beam CT (2007)

Cone-beam CT images of a patient with a pre-defined distribution of noise in the image and dose to the patient can be accomplished through the development of advanced compensation schemes. Such compensation schemes involve delivery of x-ray fluence patterns that vary in intensity both across a single projection image (u,v) and for different projection view angles (θ) and provide the ability to perform intensity-modulated cone-beam CT. Implementation of an intensity-modulated cone-beam CT system for task-specific imaging has potential for tremendous reductions in patient dose and x-ray scatter reaching the detector. Pursuing this advanced imaging technique requires detailed characterization of the cone-beam CT platform. Determination of appropriately modulated fluence patterns relies on knowledge of numerous properties of the imaging system, including the constraints imposed by the modulator, the magnitude of x-ray scatter under different patient sizes and modulator positions, and properties of the detector. With an estimate of the patient anatomy and knowledge of the imaging system, an iterative process can be used to determine modulated fluence patterns corresponding to an image prescribed for the specific task and patient. Delivery of such modulated fluence patterns provide a CBCT image tailored to a specific patient and imaging task offering the optimum balance between image quality and patient dose. Specifically, arbitrary regions of interest requiring high image signal-to-noise ratio can be generated through knowledgeable spatio-angular intensity modulation, allowing image quality to degrade in other regions in order to minimize x-ray scatter and imaging dose.
Spontaneous Mutation as a Risk Factor (2015)

From various estimates of the mutation rate per nucleotide per generation, centering around 1-2 x 10(-8) and the number of nucleotide pairs, 3 x 10(9) per genome, the number of new mutations in a human zygote is very large, in the order of 100. The mutation rate is an order of magnitude higher in males than females, due presumably to the greater number of cell divisions in the male germ line, and increases more than linearly with paternal age. It is likely that a large fraction of these mutations are in unimportant 'junk' DNA, but if even 2% of the mutations are selected, this means two new deleterious mutations per generation. It is suggested that quasi-truncation selection is the most likely way in which this large number of mutations can be eliminated from the population without an excessive burden of reduced viability and fertility.
Limited expression of cancer-testis antigens in renal cell carcinoma patients (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of expression of the cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4 and SAGE, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients compared to that in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, which represent a positive control with a high incidence of CTA expression, to identify novel target antigens for immunotherapy. We prospectively examined frozen tissue samples collected from surgery or biopsy from 35 RCC and 40 HNC patients. Total RNA was extracted, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT)-PCR was performed to determine the expression of MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE. MAGE-A4 was not detected in any of the RCC samples, although a low incidence of NY-ESO-1 (5.7%; 2/35) and SAGE (2.9%; 1/35) expression was observed. No samples demonstrated co-expression of the three CTAs. By contrast, a comparatively high incidence of CTA expression was detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens of HNC patients. The actual incidence was 42.5% (17/40) for MAGE-A4, 20% (8/40) for NY-ESO-1 and 15% (6/40) for SAGE. The incidence of co-expression was 7.5% (3/40) for MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, 7.5% (3/40) for MAGE-A4 and SAGE, 7.5% (3/40) for NY-ESO-1 and SAGE, and 2.5% (1/40) for the CTAs. The number of HNC samples positive for MAGE-A4 was significantly higher compared to that of RCC samples. The remaining two antigens, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE, were expressed at high levels in HNC compared to RCC samples. Limited frequency of CTA (NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4 and SAGE) expression was demonstrated in RCC compared to HNC samples.
Selective Precipitation of Fat Globule Membranes of Cheese Whey by Saponin and Bile Salt (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Precipitation of Fat Globule Membranes of Cheese Whey by Saponin and Bile SaltDer-Chyan Hwang and Srinivasan DamodaranCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 9, 1872–1878Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00045a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00045a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Mixture Model for Clustering Ensembles (2004)

Clustering ensembles have emerged as a powerful method for improving both the robustness and the stability of unsupervised classification solutions. However, finding a consensus clustering from multiple partitions is a difficult problem that can be approached from graph-based, combinatorial or statistical perspectives. We offer a probabilistic model of consensus using a finite mixture of multinomial distributions in a space of clusterings. A combined partition is found as a solution to the corresponding maximum likelihood problem using the EM algorithm. The excellent scalability of this algorithm and comprehensible underlying model are particularly important for clustering of large datasets. This study compares the performance of the EM consensus algorithm with other fusion approaches for clustering ensembles. We also analyze clustering ensembles with incomplete information and the effect of missing cluster labels on the quality of overall consensus. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on large real-world datasets.
Use of Fenestrations in Acellular Dermal Allograft in Two-Stage Tissue Expander/Implant Breast Reconstruction (2014)

Therapeutic, III.
Time 2EVOLVE: predicting efficacy of engineered T-cells – how far is the bench from the bedside? (2022)

Immunotherapy with gene engineered CAR and TCR transgenic T-cells is a transformative treatment in cancer medicine. There is a rich pipeline with target antigens and sophisticated technologies that will enable establishing this novel treatment not only in rare hematological malignancies, but also in common solid tumors. The T2EVOLVE consortium is a public private partnership directed at accelerating the preclinical development of and increasing access to engineered T-cell immunotherapies for cancer patients. A key ambition in T2EVOLVE is to assess the currently available preclinical models for evaluating safety and efficacy of engineered T cell therapy and developing new models and test parameters with higher predictive value for clinical safety and efficacy in order to improve and accelerate the selection of lead T-cell products for clinical translation. Here, we review existing and emerging preclinical models that permit assessing CAR and TCR signaling and antigen binding, the access and function of engineered T-cells to primary and metastatic tumor ligands, as well as the impact of endogenous factors such as the host immune system and microbiome. Collectively, this review article presents a perspective on an accelerated translational development path that is based on innovative standardized preclinical test systems for CAR and TCR transgenic T-cell products.