gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. I. Identification of a 55-kilodalton glycosylation-inhibiting factor peptide with TCR α-chain determinant (1996)

Stimulation of OVA-specific suppressor T cell (Ts) hybridoma and bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-specific Ts hybridoma with Ag-pulsed APC or by cross-linking of CD3 resulted in the formation of Ag-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF). Affinity-purified Ag-specific GIF preparations, obtained by using Ag-coupled Sepharose or anti-TCR alpha-chain-coupled Affi-Gel, contained a 55-kDa peptide, which bound both polyclonal anti-GIF Abs and anti-TCR-alpha mAb in immunoblotting. The same hybridomas constitutively secrete 13-kDa bioactive GIF peptide that has no affinity for homologous Ag, but neither the Ag-specific GIF activity nor 55-kDa GIF peptide was detectable in culture supernatants of unstimulated cells. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from the anti-CD3-stimulated hybridoma with 32P-labeled GIF cDNA revealed only 0.6 kb mRNA, which encodes the 13-kDa nonspecific GIF. No mRNA of the 55-kDa GIF was detectable. A representative OVA-specific Th hybridoma, DO 11.10 cells contain the 0.6 kb GIF mRNA and constitutively secrete inactive GIF peptide. However, the Th hybridoma failed to secrete the 55-kDa peptide or any peptide with the TCR-alpha determinant upon stimulation with anti-CD3. It appears that the formation of the 55-kDa peptide with the TCR-alpha determinant is unique for a subset of T cells including Ts cells that form bioactive GIF.
Identification of Two Groups of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Are Either High or Low Producers of Interleukin-1 (2006)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is abnormally expressed by the plasma cells obtained from myeloma patients, and it is a potent inducer of the important myeloma growth factor, IL-6. We investigated whether levels of IL-1beta biologic activity might distinguish different groups of patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). We measured the ability of IL-6 production by bone marrow stromal cells to serve as a surrogate marker for IL-1beta biologic activity. Using this IL-1beta bioassay, we found that it is sensitive at < 1 pg/ml of recombinant IL-1beta and that IL-1beta biologic activity is detectable with either mature or pro-IL-1beta-transduced myeloma cell lines. Patients with active myeloma induced quantitatively higher levels of stromal cell IL-6 production when compared with those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The bioassay distinguished two groups of SMM patients, those who were high producers, similar to patients with active MM, and those who were low producers, comparable to MGUS patients. IL-1 antagonists inhibited the paracrine IL-6 production by > or = 90% in the majority of patients with an elevated IL-6 level. Based on such studies, it may be possible to predict patients that will progress to active MM and to delay or prevent this progression with IL-1 antagonists.
Fully Secure Functional Encryption with a Large Class of Relations from the Decisional Linear Assumption (2018)

This paper presents a fully secure (adaptively secure) practical functional encryption scheme for a large class of relations, that are specified by non-monotone access structures combined with inner-product relations. The security is proven under a standard assumption, the decisional linear assumption, in the standard model. Our scheme is constructed on the concept of dual pairing vector spaces and a hierarchical reduction technique on this concept is employed for the security proof. The proposed functional encryption scheme covers, as special cases, (1) key-policy, ciphertext-policy and unified-policy attribute-based encryption with non-monotone access structures, (2) (hierarchical) attribute-hiding functional encryption with inner-product relations and functional encryption with nonzero inner-product relations and (3) spatial encryption and a more general class of encryption than spatial encryption.
Synthesis of full-length oligonucleotides: cleavage of apurinic molecules on a novel support (1996)

The synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides is marred by several problems that contribute to the formation of defective molecules. This in turn seriously limits the usefulness of such reagents in DNA diagnostics, molecular cloning, DNA structural analysis and in antisense therapy. In particular, depurination reactions during the cyclical steps of synthesis lead to strand scission during cleavage of the completed molecules from the support. Here we present a remedy to this problem: a novel disiloxyl linkage that connects oligonucleotides to the support withstands reaction conditions that allow the removal of the 5' parts of any depurinated molecules. This ensures that all molecules that preserve the 5' protecting group when cleaved from the support will have both correct 3'- and 5'-ends. We demonstrate the application of the support for synthesis of padlock probe molecules.
Fast Inter-prediction Based on Decision Trees for AV1 Encoding (2019)

The AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) standard can achieve considerable compression efficiency thanks to the usage of many advanced tools and improvements, such as advanced inter-prediction modes. However, these come at the cost of high computational complexity of encoder, which may limit the benefits of the standard in practical applications. This paper shows that not all sequences benefit from using all such modes, which indicates that a number of encoder optimisations can be introduced to speed up AV1 encoding. A method based on decision trees is proposed to selectively decide whether to test all inter modes. Appropriate features are extracted and used to perform the decision for each block. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the encoding time on average by 43.4% with limited impact on the coding efficiency.
Debris-free, droplet laser plasma sources in the EUV and soft X-ray ranges (2005)

Summary form only given. Laser plasma short wavelength sources are finding increasing applications in science and advanced technologies. Our previous work with a 100 kHz water droplet system generated 13 nm and 116 nm line emission from a Li-like oxygen plasma produced by 10 ns duration, 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser pulses at /spl sim/10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/. We now present a detailed quantitative study of this source, performed with a 100 Hz laser, that characterizes the radiation efficiency and the long-term operation. The results show that the droplet laser plasma source comes close to satisfying all the near-term needs of EUV lithography. In particular we demonstrate an overall conversion efficiency of laser light to 13 nm emission within the required spectral bandwidth in excess of 0.6% comparable to any other existing source at this wavelength. In addition we have performed an exhaustive examination of the long-term effects of plasma emissions on the reflectivity of multilayer mirrors, exposed to this source. This included detailed surface science studies of the multilayer mirrors after EUV radiation doses approaching those anticipated in a first generation exposure tool. This study has lead to the development of novel techniques that extend debris-free operation of this source by over an order of magnitude to close to that needed for long-term, continuous use. In a separate study we have developed an adaptation of the droplet source for the generation of soft X-rays. Plasmas created from these targets by laser intensities range will provide a debris-free source across a rich range of wavelengths. Moreover, the use of a mass-limited target permits a detailed quantitative understanding of the radiation and kinetic energetics of these plasmas to be made. We will report X-ray spectroscopic data, and discuss new applications of these new debris-free X-ray sources.
Initial <i>In Vitro</i> Development of a Potassium-Based Intra-Articular Injection for Osteoarthritis (2018)

The long-term goal of this work is to develop a potassium (K<sup>+</sup>)-based intra-articular (IA) injection for osteoarthritis treatment. Within this context, the objectives of this study were to (1) demonstrate that hyperosmolar K<sup>+</sup> solutions can suppress proinflammatory macrophage activation and (2) evaluate the therapeutic potential of a hyperosmolar K<sup>+</sup> solution relative to a clinically utilized drug-based (methylprednisolone acetate [MPA]-a corticosteroid) or cell-based (human mesenchymal stem cell [hMSC]) IA injectable. A 3D in vitro model with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels encapsulated with proinflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN)-stimulated macrophages (M(IFN)s) was utilized. Long-term changes in cell phenotype in response to short-term stimulation (i.e., mimicking an IA injection) were assessed following treatment with 80 mM K<sup>+</sup> gluconate, hMSCs, or MPA. Addition of 80 mM K<sup>+</sup> gluconate to culture media significantly reduced iNOS and TNF protein levels in M(IFN)s. Furthermore, short-term stimulation with K<sup>+</sup> gluconate elicited a significant increase in the anti/proinflammatory cytokine profile in M(IFN)s, a response that is not noticed with either clinically utilized MPA or an hMSC injectable. Hyperosmolar K<sup>+</sup> solutions are capable of attenuating proinflammatory macrophage activation. Moreover, when evaluated in an in vitro setting mimicking an IA injection, K<sup>+</sup> performed significantly better than hMSCs or the corticosteroid MPA. Cumulatively, these results support further development and application of a K<sup>+</sup>-based IA injection toward osteoarthritis research.
Synthesis and Development of a Novel First-in-Class Cofilin Inhibitor for Neuroinflammation in Hemorrhagic Brain Injury (2022)

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is devastating among stroke types with high mortality. To date, not a single therapeutic intervention has been successful. Cofilin plays a critical role in inflammation and cell death. In the current study, we embarked on designing and synthesizing a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of cofilin to target secondary complications of ICH, mainly neuroinflammation. A series of compounds were synthesized, and two lead compounds SZ-3 and SK-1-32 were selected for further studies. Neuronal and microglial viabilities were assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) and human microglial (HMC-3) cell lines, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in HMC-3 cells was used for neurotoxicity assay. Other assays include nitric oxide (NO) by Griess reagent, cofilin inhibition by F-actin depolymerization, migration by scratch wound assay, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting (WB), and protein expression levels of several proteins by WB. SK-1-32 increased neuronal/microglial survival, reduced NO, and prevented neurotoxicity. However, SZ-3 showed no effect on neuronal/microglial survival but prevented microglia from LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing NO and preventing neurotoxicity. Therefore, we selected SZ-3 for further molecular studies, as it showed potent anti-inflammatory activities. SZ-3 decreased cofilin severing activity, and its treatment of LPS-activated HMC-3 cells attenuated microglial activation and suppressed migration and proliferation. HMC-3 cells subjected to thrombin, as an in vitro model for hemorrhagic stroke, and treated with SZ-3 after 3 h showed significantly decreased NO and TNF-α, significantly increased protein expression of phosphocofilin, and decreased PAR-1. In addition, SZ-3-treated SHSY-5Y showed a significant increase in cell viability by significantly reducing nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB), caspase-3, and high-temperature requirement (HtrA2). Together, our results support the novel idea of targeting cofilin to counter neuroinflammation during secondary injury following ICH.
Figure S7 from Inhibition of LILRB2 by a Novel Blocking Antibody Designed to Reprogram Immunosuppressive Macrophages to Drive T-Cell Activation in Tumors (2023)

<p>A set of 23 anti-LILRB2 antibodies were tested for their ability to block HLA-G tetramer binding to LILRB2 and induce TNF alpha in a macrophage activation assay.</p>
Crystallization of parasporin-2, a<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>crystal protein with selective cytocidal activity against human cells (2004)

Bacillus thuringiensis is a valuable source of protein toxins that are specifically effective against certain insects and worms but harmless to mammals. In contrast, a protein toxin obtained from B. thuringiensis strain A1547, designated parasporin-2, is not insecticidal but has a strong cytocidal activity against human cells with markedly divergent target specificity. The 37 kDa inactive protein is proteolytically activated to a 30 kDa active form. The active form of the recombinant protein toxin was crystallized in the presence of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 8000 at neutral pH. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6(1) or P6(5), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 134.37, c = 121.24 A. Diffraction data from a native crystal were collected to 2.75 A resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source.
New integrated polysilicon photoconductor for ultrafast measurements on silicon (1985)

A fully integrated, silicon optical-switch technology is reported that demonstrates one picosecond sampling apertures when excited by a femtosecond laser. Fabrication of the polycrystalline silicon switch structure is accomplished with standard integrated circuit processing techniques to insure full compatibility with standard VLSI processes. Photoresist-masked, ion-beam irradiation is used to generate trapping sites in the photoconductive layer and tailor the switch on-time. Limited optimization of process parameters resulted in photoconductors demonstrating 3-dB measurement bandwidths over 100 GHz when used as sampling gates. A model for the device performance has been developed and is compared with experimental results. The optical switches were used in a high-speed sampling system to measure dispersive effects in striplines on a silicon wafer for the first time.
High energy resolution scintillators for nuclear nonproliferation applications (2014)

The detection of ionizing radiation is important in numerous applications related to national security ranging from the detection and identification of fissile materials to the imaging of cargo containers. A key performance criterion is the ability to reliably identify the specific gamma-ray signatures of radioactive elements, and energy resolution approaching 2% at 662 keV is required for this task. In this work, we present discovery and development of new high energy resolution scintillators for gamma-ray detection. The new ternary halide scintillators belong to the following compositional families: AM<sub>2</sub>X<sub>5</sub>:Eu, AMX3, and A<sub>2</sub>MX<sub>4</sub>:Eu (A = Cs, K; M = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Br, I) as well as mixed elpasolites Cs<sub>2</sub>NaREBr<sub>3</sub>I<sub>3</sub>:Ce (RE = La, Y). Using thermal analysis, we confirmed their congruent melting and determined crystallization and melting points. Using the Bridgman technique, we grew 6, 12 and 22 mm diameter single crystals and optimized the Eu concentration to obtain the best scintillation performance. Pulse-height spectra under gamma-ray excitation were recorded in order to measure scintillation light output, energy resolution and light output nonproportionality. The KSr<sub>2</sub>I<sub>5</sub>:Eu 4% showed the best combination of excellent crystal quality obtained at fast pulling rates and high light output of ~95,000 photons/MeV with energy resolution of 2.4% at 662 keV.
A high‐throughput genetic system for identifying enhanced altered peptide ligands of tumor associated antigens: implications for enhancing adoptive immunotherapy (2008)

Cancer immunotherapy offers a promising approach for eradicating metastatic tumors that fail to fully respond to existing therapies. Unfortunately, efforts are frequently hampered by tolerance mechanisms that act to prevent autoimmunity. A potential means for circumventing these mechanisms is the use of altered peptide ligands (APL). APLs are mutant T cell epitopes that can either enhance or dampen a T cell response. Existing methods for identifying effective APLs are either limited in scope or are expensive and technically restrictive. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive genetic approach for identifying enhanced APLs of CTL epitopes. With this procedure every point mutant of a CTL epitope can be generated and screened, and the effective APL easily identified. In this study we utilize saturation mutagenesis to independently mutagenize every codon of Mart‐1 26–35 A27L. Recombinant mini‐gene products of the APLs are cross‐presented to Mart‐1 26–35 ‐specific CTL clones via dendritic cells in a 96‐well based assay format. Here we identify three novel superagonist peptides of Mart‐1 26–35 , which can generate higher frequencies of Mart‐1 26–35 ‐specific CTL from peripheral blood leukocytes of melanoma patients. This work has implications for the identification of APLs that may prove clinically beneficial in generating tumor‐specific CTLs for use in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
Process for large-scale recovery of intracellular yeast invertase based on heat and pH-shift treatment (1989)

Selective denaturation is a simple and effective method for the purification of intracellular enzymes. The effects of combined heat- and pH-shift treatment on baker's yeast homogenates with regard to invertase recovery were investigated carefully. A recovery process allowing for purification factors up to more than 70 was developed and operated on pilot-scale in a continuous pilot plant. The product yield of the denaturation step was almost 100%
120 km lightwave transmission experiment at 1 Gbit/s using a new long-wavelength avalanche photodetector (1984)

A transmission experiment was performed to study the high-speed potential of a long-distance gigabit lightwave system employing a single-frequency 1.5 μm laser and a new long wavelength III–V avalanche photodetector. A 120 km length of standard production single mode fibre was used in the test, in which a bit error rate of 2×10−10 was achieved at 1 Gbit/s. This distance is the longest reported to date for rates higher than 500 Mbit/s, and the product of bit rate and distance (120 km Gbit/s) is the highest value achieved for any bit rate. The distance was limited by the 32.3 dB loss of the transmission path together with a total of 5.6 dB in power penalties associated with chirp broadening of the laser line.
<title>Data hiding for halftone images</title> (2000)

With the ease of distribution of digital images, there is a growing concern for copyright control and authentication. While there are many existing watermarking and data hiding methods for natural images, almost none can be applied to halftone images. In this paper, we proposed two novel data hiding methods for halftone images. The proposed Data Hiding Pair-Toggling (DHPT) hides data by forced complementary toggling at pseudo-random locations within a halftone image. It is found to be very effective for halftone images with relatively coarse textures. For halftone images with fine textures (such as error diffusion with Steinberg kernel), the proposed Data Hiding Error Diffusion (DHED) gives significantly better visual quality by integrating the data hiding into the error diffusion operation. Both DHPT and DHED are computationally very simple and yet effective in hiding a relatively large amount of data. Both algorithms yield halftone images with good visual quality.
Enrichment of pomace olive oil in triterpenic acids during storage of “Alpeorujo” olive paste (2008)

Abstract Triterpenic acids are natural compounds present in plants and foods with beneficial properties for human health and thus they are desirable in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Pomace olive is considered a good source of these substances. In this study, oleanolic and maslinic acids were found to be the main triterpenic acids identified in pomace olive oil obtained from stored “Alpeorujo”. Determination of the two acids was achieved by a new procedure that consists of extracting the acids from the oil with a mixture of methanol/ethanol, and then separating and quantifying them by HPLC. Results showed that their concentration increased up to 16 g/kg of oil during storage of the pomace in large ponds for 7 months. The concentration of both triterpenic acids was similar in the pomace olive oil obtained by using the centrifugation system. By contrast, a much lower concentration of maslinic than oleanolic acid was detected in pomace olive oils obtained by solvent extraction from the previously centrifugated “Alpeorujo” paste. These triterpenic acids also contributed to the acidity of the crude oil. Likewise, the oil of the pomace paste was enriched in other substances such as 4‐ethylphenol and aliphatic alcohols during the storage of the paste in large ponds. Consequently, crude pomace olive oil can be considered a good source of triterpenic acids when obtained from a stored olive paste.
Ultrasonic/Sonic Mechanisms for Drilling and Coring (2003)

Two apparatuses now under development are intended to perform a variety of deep-drilling, coring, and sensing functions for subsurface exploration of rock and soil. These are modified versions of the apparatuses described in Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corers With Integrated Sensors (NPO-20856), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 1 (January 2001), page 38. In comparison with the drilling equipment traditionally used in such exploration, these apparatuses weigh less and consume less power. Moreover, unlike traditional drills and corers, these apparatuses function without need for large externally applied axial forces.
Degradable polymer blends. I. Screening of miscible polymers (1993)

Abstract Blends of biodegradable polymers having properties distinct from the individual polymer components, and that are suitable for use as carriers of pharmaceutically active agents, were prepared from two or more polyanhydrides, polyesters, and mixtures of polyanhydrides and low molecular weight polyesters. The blends have different properties than the original polymers, providing a mean for altering the characteristics of the polymeric matrix without altering the chemical structure of the component polymers. Aliphatic, aromatic, and copolymers of polyanhydrides were miscible in each other and formed less crystalline compositions with a single melting point which was lower than the melting point of the starting polymers. The polyesters: poly(lactide‐glycolide), poly(caprolactone), and poly(hydroxybutyric acid) presented some miscibility in each other. However, the polyanhydrides were immiscible with the polyesters resulting in a complete phase separation both in solution or in melt mixing. Only low molecular weight polyesters (in the range of 2000) of lactide and glycolide, mandelic acid, propylenefumarate, and caprolactone presented some miscibility with polyanhydrides. Similarly, poly(orthoester) and hydroxybutyric acid polymers formed a uniform mixture with the anhydride polymers which had the two melting points of the original polymers. Drug release from polymer blends composed of poly(hydroxybutyric acid) or low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) with poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA) showed a constant release of drug for periods from 2 weeks to several months as a function of the PSA content in the blend. Increasing the content of PSA, a fast degrading polymer, increases the release rate from the blend. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.