gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the Risk of Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Infection by Evaluating the Prophylactic Potential of Vaginally Applied Chemicals (1995)

The need to provide women with a partner-independent method of prophylaxis against sexually transmitted disease (STD) against, including Chlamydia trachomatis, has led to a direct effort to develop a vaginally applied, broad-spectrum antimicrobial preparation that is both safe and effective. Using a murine model of C. trachomatis lower genital tract infection, we tested the ability of various vaginally applied chemicals to alter the course of infection in female mice challenged with infectious doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) inclusion forming units of an oculogenital serovar of C. trachomatis. When administered in a methylcellulose/propylene glycol-base gel 15 minutes prior to challenge, four widely used topical antimicrobials (benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, nonoxynol-9, and polymyxin B) were shown to protect against infection. These results support the possibility that this type of interventional method may be a clinically relevant means of prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infection with C. trachomatis, the most common bacterial STD agent.
Removal of nitrite with sulfamic acid for nitrate N and O isotope analysis with the denitrifier method (2009)

In environmental water samples that contain both nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), isotopic analysis of nitrate alone by all currently available methods requires pretreatment to remove nitrite. Sulfamic acid addition, used previously for this purpose (Wu JP, Calvert SE, Wong CS. Deep-Sea Research Part I - Oceanographic Research Papers 1997; 44: 287), is shown here to be compatible with the denitrifier method for both N and O isotope analysis of nitrate. Sulfamic acid at a pH of approximately 1.7 reduces nitrite to N2. Samples are then neutralized with base prior to isotope analysis, to alleviate the buffering demands of the bacterial media and as a precaution to prevent modification of nitrate during storage with the residual sulfamic acid at low pH. Under appropriate reaction conditions, nitrite is completely removed within minutes. Sulfamic acid treatment does not compromise the completeness of the conversion of nitrate into N2O or the precision and accuracy of N and O isotope measurements by the denitrifier method. Nitrite concentrations upwards of 7 times the ambient nitrate can be removed without affecting the isotope composition of nitrate. The method is applied to analyses of the coupled N and O isotopes of nitrate and nitrite in waters of the Mexican Margin, to illustrate its efficacy and utility when employed either in the field upon sample collection or in the lab after months of frozen sample storage.
A Big Data Architecture for Large Scale Security Monitoring (2014)

Network traffic is a rich source of information for security monitoring. However the increasing volume of data to treat raises issues, rendering holistic analysis of network traffic difficult. In this paper we propose a solution to cope with the tremendous amount of data to analyse for security monitoring perspectives. We introduce an architecture dedicated to security monitoring of local enterprise networks. The application domain of such a system is mainly network intrusion detection and prevention, but can be used as well for forensic analysis. This architecture integrates two systems, one dedicated to scalable distributed data storage and management and the other dedicated to data exploitation. DNS data, NetFlow records, HTTP traffic and honeypot data are mined and correlated in a distributed system that leverages state of the art big data solution. Data correlation schemes are proposed and their performance are evaluated against several well-known big data framework including Hadoop and Spark.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of prostate-specific antigen in metastases with the use of monoclonal antibody F5. (1985)

With the use of a murine monoclonal antibody (F5), a panel of metastatic tumors was evaluated for the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PA) under immunoperoxidase staining procedures. Specimens studied included 25 of prostatic origin and 73 originating from nonprostatic primary sites. Regardless of the site of dissemination or the malignancy grade, all metastases from the prostate were antibody-reactive. In contrast, nonprostatic metastases were negative in each case, including those originating from other genitourinary neoplasms. Thus, PA expression as detected with monoclonal antibody F5 is a stable characteristic of disseminated prostatic tumors.
Predicting Individual Survival After Gastric Cancer Resection (2005)

The use of the nomogram created by Kattan et al is not only confined to the institution where it was created, but it can be adopted by other institutions with similar surgical strategies.
Melt electrowriting below the critical translation speed to fabricate crimped elastomer scaffolds with non-linear extension behaviour mimicking that of ligaments and tendons (2018)

Damaged tendons and ligaments are serious and frequently occurring injuries worldwide. Recent therapies, including autologous grafts, still have severe disadvantages leading to a demand for synthetic alternatives. Materials envisioned to induce tendon and ligament regeneration should be degradable, cytocompatible and mimic the ultrastructural and mechanical properties of the native tissue. Specifically, we utilised photo-cross-linkable polymers for additive manufacturing (AM) with MEW. In this way, we were able to direct-write cytocompatible fibres of a few micrometres thickness into crimp-structured elastomer scaffolds that mimic the non-linear biomechanical behaviour of tendon and ligament tissue.
A NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX METAMATERIAL BASED ON A CUBIC ARRAY OF LAYERED NONMAGNETIC SPHERICAL PARTICLES (2011)

A low-loss passive metamaterial exhibiting negative refractive index or “double negative” electromagnetic properties at microwave frequencies is proposed. The metamaterial is a lattice of spherical particles made up of multiple dielectric materials in concentric layers. Because no magnetic constituents (that tend to have higher losses) are involved, the negative-index behavior is possible with very low values of attenuation. A negative-index metamaterial based on dielectric-coated metal spheres is also proposed, and is predicted to have lower attenuation than other structures based on metallic scatterers. Numerical results and design principles are given.
Vertically-stacked multi-ring resonator (2005)

A vertically-stacked multi-ring resonator (VMR), which is a sequence of ring resonators stacked on top of each other, is investigated. The light in the VMR propagates horizontally in the plane of rings and at the same time propagates vertically between the adjacent rings due to evanescent coupling. If fabricated, the VMR may be advantageous compared to the conventional planar arrangement of coupled rings due to its dramatic compactness and more flexible transmission characteristics. In this paper, the uniform VMR, which consists of N rings coupled to the input and output waveguides, is studied. The uniform VMR is a 3D version of a coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW). Closed analytical expressions for the transmission amplitudes and eigenvalues are obtained by solving coupled wave equations. In the approximation considered, it is shown that, in contrast to the conventional planar ring CROW, a VMR can possess eigenmodes even when interring coupling as well as coupling between rings and waveguides is strong. For the isolated VMR, the eigenvalues of the propagation constant are shown to change linearly with the interring coupling coefficient. The resonance transmission near the VMR eigenvalues is investigated. The dispersion relation of a VMR with an infinite number of rings is found. For weak coupling, the VMR dispersion relation is similar to that of a planar ring CROW (leading, however, to a much smaller group velocity), while for stronger coupling, a VMR does not possess bandgaps.
Subspace based linear programming support vector machines (2009)

In subspace methods, the subspace associated with a class is represented by a small number of vectors called dictionaries and using the dictionaries the similarity measure is defined and an input is classified into the class with the highest similarity. Usually, each dictionary is given an equal weight. But if subspaces of different classes overlap, the similarity measures for the overlapping regions will not give useful information for classification. In this paper, we propose optimizing the weights for the dictionaries using the idea of support vector machines (SVMs). Namely, first we map the input space into the empirical feature space, perform kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for each class, and define a similarity measure. Then considering that the similarity measure corresponds to the hyperplane, we formulate the optimization problem as maximizing the margin between the class associated with the dictionaries and the remaining classes. The optimization problem results in all-at-once formulation of linear SVMs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with that of the conventional methods for two-class problems.
Titanium Alloys for High Temperature Applications — A Review (1984)

The development of energy efficient gas turbine engines with high thrust-to-weight ratios has increased the need for more titanium static and rotating engine components because of the high property-to-density ratio of these alloys. In the last 20 years advances in alloy development and microstructure control have made commercially available a family of high temperature titanium alloys which can operate at temperatures as high as 590C (1100F). The relationships between high temperature properties and alloy chemistry, processing, resulting microstructures and protective coatings will be discussed, and applications of these alloys in aerospace systems will be highlighted.
Identification of Tricyclic Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 (S1P<sub>1</sub>) Employing Ligand-Based Drug Design (2016)

Fingolimod (1) is the first approved oral therapy for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. While the phosphorylated metabolite of fingolimod was found to be a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, agonism specifically of S1P<sub>1</sub> is responsible for the peripheral blood lymphopenia believed to be key to its efficacy. Identification of modulators that maintain activity on S1P<sub>1</sub> while sparing activity on other S1P receptors could offer equivalent efficacy with reduced liabilities. We disclose in this paper a ligand-based drug design approach that led to the discovery of a series of potent tricyclic agonists of S1P<sub>1</sub> with selectivity over S1P<sub>3</sub> and were efficacious in a pharmacodynamic model of suppression of circulating lymphocytes. Compound 10 had the desired pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and demonstrated maximal efficacy when administered orally in a rat adjuvant arthritis model.
Bell's Palsy in Children (2011)

Bell&#039;s palsy is defined as an isolated unilateral lower motor neurone facial weakness of no obvious cause. It is the most common cause for acute facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) paralysis. The incidence has been estimated at around 20 to 25 cases per 100 000 population annually but the exact incidence in children is not known. It manifests as unilateral impairment of movement in the facial muscles, drooping of the brow and corner of the mouth, and impaired closure of the eye and mouth. Acute lower motor neurone facial paralysis is a common presentation in childhood. In most cases, an aetiological agent is not identified and the condition resolves spontaneously. We have reviewed the available literature for Bell&#039;s Palsy in children, along with in-depth evidence review for use of steroids and aciclovir in this condition.
New method for acquiring a high-resolution atmospheric Rayleigh-Mie spectrum (1995)

A new method using an atomic-resonance filter and deconvolution techniques has been developed to acquire high-resolution spectra of atmospheric Rayleigh-Mie scattering. In the deconvolution process, the difticulty of the undetermined division 0/0 is overcome by a fitting method. Preliminary laboratory experimental results on 90-deg scattering show that with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20, the scattered Rayleigh-Mie spectrum may be retrieved in agreement with the theoretical analysis.
A Test Case for the Calculation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (2012)

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems can be attributed to problems ranging from transformer overheating, misoperation of protective relays, and voltage instability. The assessment of the geomagnetic hazard to power systems requires accurate modeling of the GICs that are expected to occur. However, to date, there are no publicly available test cases to validate software programs used to compute GIC. The following paper presents a hypothetical network that can be used as a test case for validating results from GIC modeling software. The network contains many features found in real networks such as: different voltage levels, two- and three-winding transformers and autotransformers, multiple transmission lines in the same corridorn and GIC blocking devices. GIC is calculated in the network for two geoelectric field scenarios: a 1 V/km uniform Northward electric field and a 1 V/km uniform Eastward electric field. Detailed simulation results and corresponding input data are provided for each of the two scenarios. Simulation results that are provided have been validated using four independent GIC modeling programs.
Use of single-isomer, multiply charged chiral resolving agents for the continuous, preparative-scale electrophoretic separation of enantiomers based on the principle of equal-but-opposite analyte mobilities (2000)

A novel approach to continuous, preparative-scale electrophoretic enantiomer separations has been developed based on the observation that stable, equal-but-opposite effective mobilities can be created for the enantiomers of a single-charged analyte by complexing them with a single-isomer, multiply charged resolving agent, provided that the charge of the resolving agent is opposite in sign to that of the uncomplexed analyte enantiomers. When such an analyte-resolving agent system is fed into a continuous, free-flow electrophoretic apparatus, stable, steady-state operating conditions can be established which permit the continuous feeding of the racemic analyte and the collection of pure enantiomers at the opposite sides of the feed stream. This concept is demonstrated via the separation of the enantiomers of terbutaline using heptakis-6-sulfato beta-cyclodextrin as resolving agent, affording production rates as high as 2.8 mg/h in the general-purpose, continuous free-flow electrophoretic system, the Octopus.
Transcription of Ti plasmid-derived sequences in three octopine-type crown gall tumor lines. (1979)

Total RNA isolated from three octopine-type crown gall lines contains sequences homologous to specific regions of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955. A comparison of transcripts in these three tumor lines suggests that tumor cells transcribe various sequences within a sector of plasmid DNA of 13 x 10(6) daltons and that transcription may not be uniform across the plasmid derived sequences (T-DNA). Transcription of T-DNA by octopine-type tumors occurs at four major sites. The levels of transcription occurring at three of these sites appear to vary considerably among the three tumor lines investigated. Part of this variability may reflect differences in the organization and copy number of T-DNA. One of the transcription sites maps within a region of DNA with common sequence homology with all Ti plasmids. Varying amounts of transcript homologous to this region of T-DNA are present in all three tumor lines. It is suggested that transcription of these conserved sequences in the plant may have significance regarding the mechanism of tumorigenesis.
Coronary stent positioning under live <scp>IVUS</scp> guidance in low contrast percutaneous coronary interventions: The live <scp>IVUS</scp> stenting technique (2021)

In patients with renal insufficiency, advanced techniques have been described to achieve ultra-low contrast or zero contrast percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, these techniques use intra-coronary imaging before stent placement to determine adequate landing zones, by correlating them with saved fluoroscopic landmarks. Still, this leaves the operator with a certain degree of uncertainty about the exact lesion coverage, which is checked with post-stent intra-coronary imaging. We hereby describe a novel technique which takes away the concern of uncertainty regarding stent-landing zones and allows for the highest amount of precision in stent positioning, arguably even better than with the use of angiography. This technique involves positioning coronary stents under the live guidance of an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter which is positioned simultaneously, side by side to a stent. This technique takes advantage of all the benefits of IVUS based PCI without losing the precision in stent positioning when compared to traditional angiography. It simplifies the application of low contrast PCI by the interventional cardiology community, while maintaining the confidence in precise stenting. It has also the potential to decrease the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy, hence procedural morbidity, while allowing for optimal long-term image based PCI outcomes. Obviously, it applies to moderate or larger coronary segments, without significant tortuosity. It also comes at the expense of slightly larger guide catheters, which is compensated for by the use of thin walled sheaths or sheathless catheter systems. Finally, radial access is still applicable depending on radial artery size and available equipment.
Near-infrared spectroscopy integrated catheter for characterization of myocardial tissues: preliminary demonstrations to radiofrequency ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation (2015)

Effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of atrial fibrillation can be limited by the ability to characterize the tissue in contact. Parameters obtained by conventional catheters, such as impedance and temperature can be insufficient in providing physiological information pertaining to effective treatment. In this report, we present a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-integrated catheter capable of extracting tissue optical properties. Validation experiments were first performed in tissue phantoms with known optical properties. We then apply the technique for characterization of myocardial tissues in swine and human hearts, ex vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate the recovery of critical parameters relevant to RFA therapy including contact verification, and lesion transmurality. These findings support the application of NIRS for improved guidance in RFA therapeutic interventions.
The Politics of Science (1992)

Governments, whether democratic or dictatorial, struggle to control technology. Some of their problems, as we have seen, are of their own making; some are a consequence of the activities of other actors. But in concentrating on the formal political mechanisms and the wider economic environment, there is a danger of overlooking a key element in the development and operation of technology. This element, which links the external and internal worlds of technical change, is science. Science policy contributes to the resources upon which technology draws, and the detailed work of science is crucial to shaping technology. We have seen in the previous chapter how political structures and values can play a part in science policy. We now turn to the question of whether the practice of science is subject to similar political processes. Does the politics of technology need to include the politics of science?
Molecular Physiology of Norepinephrine and Serotonin Transporters (1994)

Cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine and serotonin transporters (NETs and SERTs) are closely related members of the Na+/Cl- transporter gene family, whose other members include transporters for inhibitory amino acid transmitters, neuromodulators, osmolytes and nutrients. Availability of cloned NET and SERT cDNAs has permitted rapid progress in the definition of cellular sites of gene expression, the generation of transporter-specific antibodies suitable for biosynthetic and localization studies, the examination of structure-function relationships in heterologous expression systems and a biophysical analysis of transporter function. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies indicate a primary expression of NET and SERT genes in brain by noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, respectively. Both NET and SERT are synthesized as glycoproteins, with multiple glycosylation states apparent for SERT proteins in the brain and periphery. N-glycosylation of NET and SERT appears to be essential for transporter assembly and surface expression, but not for antagonist binding affinity. Homology cloning efforts have revealed novel NET and SERT homologs in nonmammalian species that are of potential value in the delineation of the precise sites for substrate and antagonist recognition, including a Drosophila melanogaster SERT with NET-like pharmacology. Electrophysiological recording of human NETs and SERTs stably expressed in HEK-293 cells reveals that both transporters move charge across the plasma membrane following the addition of substrates; these currents can be blocked by NET-and SERT-selective antagonists as well as by cocaine.
HYDRANET: network support for scaling of large-scale services (2002)

With the explosive growth of demand for services on the Internet, the networking infrastructure (routers, protocols, servers) is under considerable stress. Mechanisms are needed for current and future IP services to scale in a client-transparent way. We present HYDRANET, an infrastructure that allows to dynamically distribute IP services by placing service agents (caching agents, mirrors, replicas) that are under the server's control at strategic points in the internetwork. HYDRANET is based on replicating transport-level service access points for transparent distribution or replication of IP services. Measurements on a local testbed show that the overhead of our scheme is small. This replication scheme is widely applicable. We use HYDRANET to implement HYDRAWEB, a system for active, push based, and client-transparent Web caching. Similarly, HYDRANET can be used to implement highly fault-tolerant servers or application-level gateways.