gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refractive Index-Based Detection of Gradient Elution Liquid Chromatography using Chip-Integrated Microring Resonator Arrays (2013)

Refractive index-based sensors offer attractive characteristics as nondestructive and universal detectors for liquid chromatographic separations, but a small dynamic range and sensitivity to minor thermal perturbations limit the utility of commercial RI detectors for many potential applications, especially those requiring the use of gradient elutions. As such, RI detectors find use almost exclusively in sample abundant, isocratic separations when interfaced with high-performance liquid chromatography. Silicon photonic microring resonators are refractive index-sensitive optical devices that feature good sensitivity and tremendous dynamic range. The large dynamic range of microring resonators allows the sensors to function across a wide spectrum of refractive indices, such as that encountered when moving from an aqueous to organic mobile phase during a gradient elution, a key analytical advantage not supported in commercial RI detectors. Microrings are easily configured into sensor arrays, and chip-integrated control microrings enable real-time corrections of thermal drift. Thermal controls allow for analyses at any temperature and, in the absence of rigorous temperature control, obviates extended detector equilibration wait times. Herein, proof of concept isocratic and gradient elution separations were performed using well-characterized model analytes (e.g., caffeine, ibuprofen) in both neat buffer and more complex sample matrices. These experiments demonstrate the ability of microring arrays to perform isocratic and gradient elutions under ambient conditions, avoiding two major limitations of commercial RI-based detectors and maintaining comparable bulk RI sensitivity. Further benefit may be realized in the future through selective surface functionalization to impart degrees of postcolumn (bio)molecular specificity at the detection phase of a separation. The chip-based and microscale nature of microring resonators also make it an attractive potential detection technology that could be integrated within lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic separation devices.
Performance evaluation of super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes using a moment generating function-based approach (2003)

A new class of space-time codes called super-orthogonal trellis codes was introduced that combine set-partitioning with a super set of orthogonal space-time block codes in such a way as to provide full diversity with increased rate and improved coding gain over previous space-time trellis code (STTC) constructions. Here, we extend the moment generating function-based method, which was previously applied to analyzing the performance of space-time block orthogonal and trellis codes, to the above-mentioned super-orthogonal codes. It is shown that the maximum-likelihood metric and expressions for the pairwise error probability previously developed for the Alamouti (1998) space-time block code combined with multidimensional trellis-coded modulation can be readily extended to the super-orthogonal case. As such, the evaluation of the pairwise error probability for the latter can be performed in a similar manner to that previously described with the specific results depending on the particular trellis code design.
Discovery and structural characterisation of new fold type IV-transaminases exemplify the diversity of this enzyme fold (2016)

Transaminases are useful biocatalysts for the production of amino acids and chiral amines as intermediates for a broad range of drugs and fine chemicals. Here, we describe the discovery and characterisation of new transaminases from microorganisms which were enriched in selective media containing (R)-amines as sole nitrogen source. While most of the candidate proteins were clearly assigned to known subgroups of the fold IV family of PLP-dependent enzymes by sequence analysis and characterisation of their substrate specificity, some of them did not fit to any of these groups. The structure of one of these enzymes from Curtobacterium pusillum, which can convert d-amino acids and various (R)-amines with high enantioselectivity, was solved at a resolution of 2.4 Å. It shows significant differences especially in the active site compared to other transaminases of the fold IV family and thus indicates the existence of a new subgroup within this family. Although the discovered transaminases were not able to convert ketones in a reasonable time frame, overall, the enrichment-based approach was successful, as we identified two amine transaminases, which convert (R)-amines with high enantioselectivity, and can be used for a kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethylamine and analogues to obtain the (S)-amines with e.e.s >99%.
The mode of action of aspirin-like drugs: effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase. (1995)

Nitric oxide synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. We report that exposure of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages to therapeutic concentrations of aspirin (IC50 = 3 mM) and hydrocortisone (IC50 = 5 microM) inhibited the expression of iNOS and production of nitrite. In contrast, sodium salicylate (1-3 mM), indomethacin (5-20 microM), and acetaminophen (60-120 microM) had no significant effect on the production of nitrite at pharmacological concentrations. At suprapharmacological concentrations, sodium salicylate (IC50 = 20 mM) significantly inhibited nitrite production. Immunoblot analysis of iNOS expression in the presence of aspirin showed inhibition of iNOS expression (IC50 = 3 mM). Sodium salicylate variably inhibited iNOS expression (0-35%), whereas indomethacin had no effect. Furthermore, there was no significant effect of these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on iNOS mRNA expression at pharmacological concentrations. The effect of aspirin was not due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 because both aspirin and indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin E2 synthesis by > 75%. Aspirin and N-acetylimidazole (an effective acetylating agent), but not sodium salicylate or indomethacin, also directly interfered with the catalytic activity of iNOS in cell-free extracts. These studies indicate that the inhibition of iNOS expression and function represents another mechanism of action for aspirin, if not for all aspirin-like drugs. The effects are exerted at the level of translational/posttranslational modification and directly on the catalytic activity of iNOS.
Pay-per-action model for online advertising (2007)

The online advertising industry is currently based on two dominant business models: the pay-per-impression model and the pay-per-click model. With the growth of sponsored search during the last few years, there has been a move toward the pay-per-click model as it decreases the risk to small advertisers. An alternative model, discussed but not widely used in the advertising industry, is pay-per-conversion, or more generally, pay-per-action. In this paper, we discuss mechanisms for the pay-per-action model and various challenges involved in designing such mechanisms.
Portable quantitative phase microscope for material metrology and biological imaging (2020)

Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has emerged as an important tool for material metrology and biological imaging. For broader adoption in those applications, we have proposed and demonstrated a new portable off-axis QPM method, which works in both transmission and reflection modes to meet different sample measurement requirements. The temporal and spatial sensitivities of our system, as quantified by optical path-length difference values, are 0.65 nm and 1.04 nm, respectively. To demonstrate its applicability for a wide range of applications, we deployed our system for profiling transistor gold electrode samples, observing red blood cell membrane fluctuations, imaging living cells flowing in a microfluidic chip, etc. Our portable QPM system has a low-cost design and involves a simple and robust phase-retrieval algorithm that we envision will allow for broader deployment at different environmental settings, including in resource-limited sites and integration with other metrology or imaging modalities.
Balhimycin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Amycolatopsis sp. Y-86,21022. Taxonomy, production, isolation and biological activity. (1994)

A new glycopeptide antibiotic, balhimycin, has been isolated from the fermentation broth of a Amycolatopsis sp. Y-86,21022. Balhimycin belongs to the vancomycin class of glycopeptides and contains a dehydrovancosamine sugar. The biological activity of balhimycin has been compared extensively with that of vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococci and also against anaerobes. Balhimycin is marginally superior to vancomycin in its in vitro activity against anaerobes and in its bactericidal properties.
Poststatin, a new inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase, produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes MH534-30F3. II. Structure determination and inhibitory activities. (1991)

Poststatin, a new inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces viridochromogenes MH534-30F3. The structure of poststatin was defined as L-valyl-L-valyl-3-amino-2-oxovaleryl-D-leucyl-L-valine by analysis of spectral properties and chemical studies of poststatin and its derivatives. The alpha-keto group of postine in poststatin plays the most important role on the inhibitory mechanism.
Flow-sensitive interprocedural constant propagation (1995)

We present a flow-sensitive interprocedural constant propagation algorithm, which supports recursion while only performing one flow-sensitive analysis of each procedure. We present experimental results which show that this method finds substantially more constants than previous methods and is efficient in practice. We introduce new metrics for evaluating interprocedural constant propagation algorithms which measure the number of interprocedural constant values that are propagated. We use these metrics to provide further experimental results for our algorithm.
Constrained closed loop inverse kinematics (2010)

This paper introduces a kinematically constrained closed loop inverse kinematics algorithm for motion control of robots or other articulated rigid body systems. The proposed strategy utilizes gradients of collision and joint limit potential functions to arrive at an appropriate weighting matrix to penalize and dampen motion approaching constraint surfaces. The method is particularly suitable for self collision avoidance of highly articulated systems which may have multiple collision points among several segment pairs. In that respect, the proposed method has a distinct advantage over existing gradient projection based methods which rely on numerically unstable null-space projections when there are multiple intermittent constraints. We also show how this approach can be augmented with a previously reported method based on redirection of constraints along virtual surface manifolds. The hybrid strategy is effective, robust, and does not require parameter tuning. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated for a self collision avoidance problem where the reference motion is obtained from human observations. We show simulation and experimental results on the humanoid robot ASIMO.
Speech-to-Singing Synthesis: Converting Speaking Voices to Singing Voices by Controlling Acoustic Features Unique to Singing Voices (2007)

This paper describes a speech-to-singing synthesis system that can synthesize a singing voice, given a speaking voice reading the lyrics of a song and its musical score. The system is based on the speech manipulation system STRAIGHT and comprises three models controlling three acoustic features unique to singing voices: the fundamental frequency (F0), phoneme duration, and spectrum. Given the musical score and its tempo, the F0 control model generates the F0 contour of the singing voice by controlling four types of F0 fluctuations: overshoot, vibrato, preparation, and fine fluctuation. The duration control model lengthens the duration of each phoneme in the speaking voice by considering the duration of its musical note. The spectral control model converts the spectral envelope of the speaking voice into that of the singing voice by controlling both the singing formant and the amplitude modulation of formants in synchronization with vibrato. Experimental results show that the proposed system can convert speaking voices into singing voices whose naturalness is almost the same as actual singing voices.
Biosynthesis of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Rabbit Hepatocytes (1990)

Studies reported here show that the recently discovered acute-phase protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), is synthesized by hepatocytes. For these studies, explanted rabbit hepatocytes were grown in the presence of 35S-methionine. Biosynthetically labelled LBP in the cells and supernatant was identified using immunoprecipitation with rat anti-rabbit LBP antibody. This antibody immunoprecipitates both the LBP polypeptide and the glycosylated protein. With a cell-free translation system a comparison of RNA from normal rabbit liver with that isolated from acute-phase rabbit liver indicated that a translatable LBP message is only found in the RNA from acute-phase liver. Studies with explanted rabbit hepatocytes showed that several forms of LBP distinguishable by migration in SDS-PAGE are secreted into the extracellular medium. This heterogeneity probably is a result of differences in glycosylation of LBP since pretreatment of the hepatocytes with tunicamycin results in accumulation of a single polypeptide with an apparent mass of 50 kD in SDS-PAGE. Explanted rabbit hepatocytes spontaneously synthesize and secrete LBP and express LBP mRNA as detected by cell-free translation; thus, it was not possible to upregulate the expression of LBP. Nevertheless, these studies form the basis for future investigations on the regulation of LBP biosynthesis.
An integrated sample-in-answer-out microfluidic chip for rapid human identification by STR analysis (2014)

A fully integrated microfluidic chip for human identification by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis that includes a unique enzymatic liquid preparation of the DNA, microliter non-contact PCR, and a polymer that allows a high-resolution separation within a compact microchip footprint has been developed. A heat-activated enzyme that digests biological materials is employed to generate the target yield of DNA from a buccal swab or FTA paper. The microfluidic architecture meters an aliquot of the liberated DNA and mixes it with the PCR reagents prior to non-contact IR-mediated PCR amplification. The products of PCR amplification are mixed with a sizing standard (ladder) and the 18-plex STR amplicons are separated in an effective length (Leff) of just 7 cm. The development, optimization and integration of each of these processes within the microfluidic chip are described. The device is able to generate genetic profiles in approximately 2 hours that match the profiles from the conventional processes performed using separate conventional instruments. Analysis is performed on a single plastic microchip with a size similar to that of a 96-well plate and only a few mm thick with no pretreatment of any of the functional domains. This is significant advancement in terms of ease of fabrication over glass microdevices or polymeric systems assembled from multiple components. Consequently, this fully integrated sample-in-answer-out microchip is an important step toward generation of a rapid micro-total analysis system for point-of-collection human identification based on genetic analysis.
Polymers with Ionic Conductivity (1990)

A solvation‐desolvation mechanism (see figure) is responsible for ionic conductivity in polymers such as polyethylene oxide. The solvating sites are covalently linked through flexible bonds meaning that a net displacement of the ligand with the ions over macroscopic distances is forbidden, a situation intermediate between liquids and solids. Sensors, batteries, and displays are among the applications of these polymeric electrolytes. equation image
Applications of an In0.53Ga0.25Al0.22As/InP continuous-conduction-band structure for ultralow current operation transistors (1999)

Based on the compositional dependence on the conduction band discontinuity, a significant heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with a continuous conduction band heterointerface between the InP emitter and the In0.53Ga0.25Al0.22As base is fabricated. Experimentally, due to the elimination of the potential spike, a very low offset voltage of 50 mV is observed. Also, the studied device exhibits better breakdown characteristics and lower output conductance as compared with other InP/InGaAs or AlInAs/InGaAs HBTs. Furthermore, attributed to the enhancement of the hole confinement by an inserted δ-doped sheet at the emitter–base interface, a dramatic current gain about 4 is found even under an ultralow current operation regime (IC⩽5 nA).
Exploring Large RDF Datasets using a Faceted Search (2015)

We propose a facet-based RDF data exploration mechanism that lets the user visualize large RDF datasets by successively refining a query. The novel aspects of our work are: i) the SPARQL query pattern is visualized as a query graph, ii) the successive refinements are visualized in a query refinement graph, and iii) the result triples are visualized as a result RDF graph. The scheme is scalable and it visualizes RDF graphs stored in Oracle Database 12c Spatial and Graph Option with Cytoscape, a graph visualization tool.
S<sup>5</sup>FP: Spectrally selective suppression with steady state free precession† (2005)

A method is presented that employs the inherent spectral selectivity of the Steady-State Free Precession (SSFP) pulse sequence to provide a spectral band of suppression. At TE = TR/2, SSFP partitions the magnetization into two phase-opposed spectral components. Z-storing one of these components simultaneously further excites the other, which is then suppressed by gradient crushing and RF spoiling. The Spectrally Selective Suppression with SSFP (S(5)FP) method is shown to provide significant attenuation of fat signals, while the water signals are essentially unaffected and provide the normal SSFP contrast. Fat suppression is achieved with relatively little temporal overhead (less than 10% reduction in temporal resolution). S(5)FP was validated using simulations, phantoms, and human studies.
Speeding up hardware verification by automated data path scaling (2006)

Ask, and it will be given you, seek, and you will find, knock, and it will be opened to you.For every one who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened.-Matthew, Chapter 7:7 -Per Aspera ad Astra ... -A rough road leads to the stars -The completion of this work brings to a close a long journey.Many have helped me along the way, but rather than thanking a great number of people, I want to thank a number of great people.
Second Law Analysis of a Novel Combined Cooling and Power Cycle With Water Harvesting (2005)

The first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to analyze a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semi-closed cycle called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration unit, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration in an amount that depends on ambient conditions. The cycle is modeled using steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers, and accurate correlations for the properties of the NH3-water mixture and the combustion products. Exergy analyses were performed for all the components of the cycle to examine the losses and identify critical plant devices considering different operating conditions. Water produced as a product of combustion is intentionally condensed in the evaporator of the VARS, which is designed to provide sufficient cooling for: the inlet air to the high pressure compressor, water extraction and for an external load. The cycle is shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 46% for a turbine inlet temperature of 1400°C while producing about 1.5 kg of water for each kg of fuel (propane) consumed. The thermal efficiency does not take into account the cooling effect produced in the evaporator of VARS. The combined cycle efficiency at the above operating condition was found to be 49%. Low emissions are also possible on liquid fuels and not just on natural gas. It should be noted that the values of efficiencies obtained are for a medium sized engine with conservative values of the design parameters. It is observed that the largest contribution to the total cycle irreversibility comes from the combustor and accounts for 85% of the total exergy loss. The generator of the vapor absorption refrigeration system is the next largest quantity, accounting for about 3.4% of the total exergy loss. The mass of water extracted from the system increases as the value of the low-pressure compressor ratio is increased. However, this rate of increase is more when the compressor ratio is increased from 1.0 to 2.0 and less as the compressor ratio is further increased. Based on these and prior results, which showed that the HPRTE is very compact and has inherently low emissions, it appears that this cycle would be ideally suited for distributed power and vehicle applications, especially ones with associated air conditioning loads.
Waste and Sorbent Parameters Affecting Mechanisms of Transient Emissions from Rotary Kiln Incineration (1996)

When “containerized” liquid wastes, bound on sorbents, are introduced into a rotary kiln in batch mode, transient phenomena involving heat transfer into, and waste mass transfer out of, the sorbent can promote the rapid release of waste vapor into the kiln. This rapid vapor release can cause depletion of available oxygen, and the formation of a “puff” which can result in a temporary failure of the incinerator system. A systematic study has been completed examining the effect of waste and sorbent properties on the magnitudes of transient puffs in a laboratory scale rotary kiln simulator. Of primary importance were waste boiling point and waste stoichiometric oxygen requirement. Of secondary importance were sorbent parameters such as bulk void fraction, and the fraction of the adsorbed waste that was contained within the individual sorbent particles. A theoretical model that utilizes a vaporization/surface renewal approach can be used as a guide to explain experimental results for several wastes on sawdust and corncob sorbents. Resin sorbents, on the other hand, are extremely effective at controlling puffs because they appear to be able to bind the liquid waste tightly to the sorbent in such a way that it is not released by a vaporization process. This non-physical waste release process is not described by the current model. In general, the results suggest that the practice of limiting containerized waste feed rates based on the heat of combustion of a given container be modified to provide feed rate limitations based on the stoichiometric oxygen requirements and boiling point of waste in a given container. This modified practice may enable containerized waste feed rates to be optimized, with a view to minimizing both the transient load on the afterburner and the transient emissions from the stack.