gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SWARM (2015)

We present SWARM, a wearable affective technology designed to help a user to reflect on their own emotional state, modify their affect, and interpret the emotional states of others. SWARM aims for a universal design (inclusive of people with various disabilities), with a focus on modular actuation components to accommodate users' sensory capabilities and preferences, and a scarf form-factor meant to reduce the stigma of accessible technologies through a fashionable embodiment. Using an iterative, user-centered approach, we present SWARM's design. Additionally, we contribute findings for communicating emotions through technology actuations, wearable design techniques (including a modular soft circuit design technique that fuses conductive fabric with actuation components), and universal design considerations for wearable technology.
Supplementary Figure from ABBV-011, A Novel, Calicheamicin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Targets SEZ6 to Eradicate Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure from ABBV-011, A Novel, Calicheamicin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Targets SEZ6 to Eradicate Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors
Non-destructive defect depth determination at fully packaged and stacked die devices using Lock-in Thermography (2010)

This paper will present a new non-destructive approach for the 3D localization of thermally active buried defects in single chip and stacked die architectures by use of Lock-in Thermography (LIT). The basic principles concerning the thermal wave propagation through different material layers and the resulting phase shift will be presented and discussed. Based on that, the LIT application for 3D defect localization will be evaluated at both fully packaged single chip and stacked die devices by comparing theoretical and experimental data.
Silica anchored fluorescent organosilicon polymers for explosives separation and detection (2011)

The luminescent organosilicon copolymers poly(silafluorenyldiethynylspirobifluorene) and poly(tetrasilolediethynylspirobifluorene) have been covalently linked to a silica gel thin layer chromatography (TLC) support through the use of a trimethoxysilyl end group. Surface functionalization of silica with the fluorescent sensing polymer allows for more efficient quenching by the analyte, due to the small amount of fluorophore present, thus yielding enhanced detection sensitivity. The attachment of the sensing polymers onto a chromatographic support also allows for simultaneous separation of an explosive mixture, and component identification through the use of multiple sensing polymers. In a 1.0 mm2 area solution spotted onto the fluorescent silica plate, detection limits obtained for the explosives TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), DNT (2,6-dinitrotoluene), PA (picric acid), Tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline), HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), and Cl-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) ranged from 4 to 750 pg mm−2. Since less than 350 pg of highly fluorescent polymer is required to coat each TLC plate, the relatively small amounts of explosive being detected still represent an excess of quencher over sensing fluorophore.
Chaotic signals and systems for communications (1993)

The authors propose and demonstrate two approaches to communications based on synchronized chaotic signals and systems. In the first approach, a chaotic masking signal is added at the transmitter and regenerated and subtracted at the receiver. The second approach utilizes modulation of the coefficients of the chaotic system in the transmitter and corresponding detection of synchronization error in the receiver to transmit binary-valued bit streams. Both approaches are demonstrated using a transmitter circuit with dynamics that are governed by the chaotic Lorenz system. A synchronizing receiver circuit which exploits the ideas of synchronized chaotic systems is used for signal recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
20.2: New Front‐Projection Screen Comprised of Cholesteric‐LC Films (2004)

Abstract A new front‐projection screen made with cholesteric‐liquid‐crystal films has been developed. The films selectively reflect light with a particular polarization and wavelength, and the light diffusion properties are controlled. Consequently, the screen displays a bright, high‐contrast image, even in a bright room. It has almost ten times the contrast ratio of a conventional front‐projection screen in a bright room with polarized ambient light.
Multicolored redox active upconverter cerium oxide nanoparticle for bio-imaging and therapeutics (2010)

Cytocompatible, co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibited strong upconversion properties that were found to kill lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis thereby demonstrating the potential to be used as clinical contrast agents for imaging and as therapeutic agents for treatment of cancer.
Identification of Candidate Genes Induced by Retinoic Acid in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1997)

Retinoic acid (RA) induced the terminal differentiation of a human embryonal carcinoma cell line (NT2/D1) into several morphologically distinct cell types, including the postmitotic CNS neurons. Although RA has been suggested to play an important role in brain development, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which RA induces neuronal differentiation. In the present study, RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP-PCR) was used to identify the transcripts in NT2/D1 cells that were differentially regulated by RA. Northern blot analysis of the differentially amplified PCR fragments revealed 11 genes that were regulated by RA. Of these, seven were up-regulated and four were down-regulated along the course of RA treatment. More importantly, four of the RA-regulated genes that were identified in the present study are novel. Our findings suggested that there are a number of RA-regulated genes that have yet to be identified. RAP-PCR provides a useful tool for studying the patterns of transcript expression during the course of RA treatment and allows the cloning of novel genes involved in the process of neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, it provides a basis for the selection of genes that are involved in the RA-induced signaling pathway in the human CNS.
Advanced Characterization of Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalts, Using Protocols Developed for Complex Binders (2001)

The use of crumb rubber modifiers (CRMs) to change asphalt binders was evaluated. Blending two base asphalt binders of performance grade 70-22 and 64-22 with three sizes of a CRM at two rubber contents resulted in varying grades of asphalt binders. In addition to these binders, two binders modified with reacted crumb rubber using a patented process were included in the study. Testing was conducted at different temperatures, testing frequencies, and strain conditions, using methods recently developed as part of the NCHRP 9-10 project (Superpave Protocols for Modified Asphalt Binders) for complex binders. The new testing includes the particulate additives test (PAT), which determines the volume of particulate material greater than 75 μm in asphalt, and the laboratory asphalt stability test (LAST), which measures the potential for separation and degradation of additives in asphalt. Strain sweeps, fatigue testing, and low-temperature failure and creep properties were also measured. The results indicate that the concentration and size of crumb rubber affect the viscosity of the resulting modified binders significantly and influence the volume of residue collected in PAT. It was observed that concentration and size of rubber are, however, not important compared with other factors in LAST and that keeping the binders agitated during storage can reduce separation significantly. On the basis of the rheological testing, it was found that both fatigue and strain dependencies are highly sensitive to asphalt binder type, rubber size, and rubber content. The failure properties of CRMs measured using the direct tension test indicate that failure stress and strain are reduced by increasing rubber size and concentration.
Automatic fundus image field detection and quality assessment (2013)

Fundus images are an important diagnostic tool for many retinal diseases. Sometimes the images captured are of low quality and cannot be used for diagnosis requiring repeat image acquisition. So, it is efficient to have an automatic system to assess the quality of the fundus image during the time of image capture. We have developed an automatic approach to assess the quality of the acquired fundus image based upon the inherent symmetry of retinal vessels. We approach the problem of quality assessment in two ways-individual quality assessment of a single fundus image and comprehensive quality assessment of a set of three fundus images of different fields of an eye. Our method also detects the field and side of the fundus image using the position of optic disc and the intensity information in two local windows.
Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems (2001)

Bacterial ghosts are empty cell envelopes originating from Gram-negative bacteria. They have a natural outer surface make-up which provides them with the original targeting functions of the bacteria they are derived from and are thus able to bind to and/or are taken up by specific cells or tissues of animal, human or plant origin. The extended bacterial ghost system represents a platform technology for creating new qualities in non-living carriers which can be used for the specific targeting of drugs, DNA or other compounds to overcome toxic or non-desired obstacles. Freeze dried bacterial ghosts are stable without the requirement of a cold chain and can be effectively administered orally and aerogenically as drug carriers. The new system is an alternative to liposomes and may have an advantage due to its higher specificity for targeting specific tissues, its easy method of production and its versatility in entrapping and packaging various compounds in different compartments of the carriers.
Conserved miR164-targeted NAC genes negatively regulate drought resistance in rice (2014)

MicroRNAs constitute a large group of endogenous small RNAs of ~22 nt that emerge as vital regulators, mainly by targeting mRNAs for post-transcriptional repression. Previous studies have revealed that the miR164 family in Arabidopsis is comprised of three members which guide the cleavage of the mRNAs of five NAC genes to modulate developmental processes. However, the functions of the miR164-targeted NAC genes in crops are poorly deciphered. In this study, the conserved features of six miR164-targeted NAC genes (OMTN1-OMTN6) in rice are described, and evidence is provided that four of them confer a negative regulatory role in drought resistance. OMTN proteins have the characteristics of typical NAC transcriptional factors. The miR164 recognition sites of the OMTN genes are highly conserved in rice germplasms. Deletion of the recognition sites impaired the transactivation activity, indicating that the conserved recognition sites play a crucial role in maintaining the function of the OMTN proteins. The OMTN genes were responsive to abiotic stresses, and showed diverse spatio-temporal expression patterns in rice. Overexpression of OMTN2, OMTN3, OMTN4, and OMTN6 in rice led to negative effects on drought resistance at the reproductive stage. The expression of numerous genes related to stress response, development, and metabolism was altered in OMTN2-, OMTN3-, OMTN4-, and OMTN6-overexpressing plants. Most of the up-regulated genes in the OMTN-overexpressing plants were down-regulated by drought stress. The results suggest that the conserved miR164-targeted NAC genes may be negative regulators of drought tolerance in rice, in addition to their reported roles in development.
Power spectrum of an injection-locked Josephson oscillator (1975)

Previous experiments have shown that a Josephson oscillator, exposed to a weak narrow-band input signal, exhibits behavior characteristic of an injection-locked oscillator. When in lock, Adler's theory of injection locking describes the experimental observations reasonably well. This paper extends the range of applicability of the theory to the out-of-lock regime where a spectrum of output frequencies is observed. Obtaining the theoretical output power spectrum requires solving a differential equation having the same form as the equation describing the resistively shunted junction model of Stewart and of McCumber. Experimental measurements of the output spectrum of a nearly locked Josephson oscillator are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the theory. Additional results discussed briefly include the observation of a frequency dependence of the locked Josephson oscillator output, and experiments in which a Josephson oscillator-mixer was injection locked by a weak signal at the if.
Trimodal Scan-Based Test Paradigm (2016)

This paper presents a novel scan-based design for test (DFT) paradigm. Compared with conventional scan, the presented approach either significantly reduces test application time while preserving high fault coverage or allows applying a much larger number of vectors within the same time interval. An equally important factor is the toggling activity during test-with this scheme, it remains similar to that of the mission mode. Several techniques are introduced that allow integration of the proposed scheme with the state-of-the-art test generation and application methods. In particular, the new scheme uses redesigned scan cells to dynamically configure scan chains into different modes of operation for use with the underlying test-per-clock principle. The experimental results obtained for large and complex industrial application-specific IC designs illustrate the feasibility of the proposed test scheme despite additional costs and efforts entailed in consolidating architectural changes and operations across a DFT flow.
A Small Molecule Inverse Agonist for the Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (2010)

Small molecule inverse agonists for the TSH receptor (TSHR) may be used as probes of the role of basal (or agonist-independent or constitutive) signaling and may have therapeutic potential as orally active drugs to inhibit basal signaling in patients with thyroid cancer and in some patients with hyperthyroidism. We describe the first small-molecule ligand [1;2-(3-((2,6-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one] that exhibits inverse agonist properties at TSHR. 1 inhibits basal and TSH-stimulated signaling, measured as cAMP production, by TSHRs in HEK-EM 293 cells stably expressing wild-type TSHRs; the antagonism of TSH-mediated signaling is competitive. 1 also inhibits basal signaling by wild-type TSHRs, and four constitutively active mutants of TSHR expressed transiently in HEK-EM 293 cells. 1 was active under more physiologically relevant conditions in primary cultures of human thyrocytes expressing endogenous TSHRs where it inhibited basal levels of mRNA transcripts for thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, sodium iodide symporter, and TSHR. These data serve as proof of principle that small, drug-like molecules can inhibit basal signaling by TSHR. We suggest that this small molecule is a lead compound for the development of higher-potency inverse agonists that can be used as probes of TSHR biology with therapeutic potential.
Single-Layer, All-Metal Patch Antenna Element with Wide Bandwidth (2012)

It is known that the impedance at the center of a patch antenna element is a short circuit, implying that a wire or post can be connected from the patch to the groundplane at this point without impacting radiation performance. In principle, this central post can be used to support the patch element, thus eliminating the need for dielectric. In spaceborne applications, this approach is problematic because a patch element supported by a single, thin post is highly susceptible to acoustic loads during launch. The technology reported here uses a large-diameter center post as its supporting structure. The supporting structure allows for the fabrication of a sufficiently rigid antenna element that can survive launch loads. The post may be either hollow or solid, depending on fabrication approach and/or mass constraints. The patch antenna element and support post are envisioned as being fabricated (milled) from a single piece of aluminum or other metal. Alternately, the patch plate and support column can be fabricated separately and then joined using fasteners, adhesive, or welding. Casting and electroforming are also viable techniques for manufacturing the metal patch part(s). The patch structure is then either bonded or fastened to the supporting groundplane. Arrays of patch elements can be fabricated by attaching several structures to a common groundplane/support structure.
Secret key generation via a modified quantum secret sharing protocol (2015)

We present and experimentally show a novel protocol for distributing secret information between two and only two parties in a N-party single-qubit Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) system. We demonstrate this new algorithm with N = 3 active parties over ~6km of telecom. fiber. Our experimental device is based on the Clavis<sup>2</sup> Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system built by ID Quantique but is generalizable to any implementation. We show that any two out of the N parties can build secret keys based on partial information from each other and with collaboration from the remaining N − 2 parties. This algorithm allows for the creation of two-party secret keys were standard QSS does not and significantly reduces the number of resources needed to implement QKD on a highly connected network such as the electrical grid.
Suppression of Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis by a non-tumorigenic FGF19 analogue Protects Mice from Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis (2018)

Critical regulation of bile acid (BA) pool size and composition occurs via an intensive molecular crosstalk between the liver and gut, orchestrated by the combined actions of the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the enterokine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) with the final aim of reducing hepatic BA synthesis in a negative feedback fashion. Disruption of BA homeostasis with increased hepatic BA toxic levels leads to higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While native FGF19 has anti-cholestatic and anti-fibrotic activity in the liver, it retains peculiar pro-tumorigenic actions. Thus, novel analogues have been generated to avoid tumorigenic capacity and maintain BA metabolic action. Here, using BA related Abcb4<sup>-/-</sup> and Fxr<sup>-/-</sup> mouse models of spontaneous hepatic fibrosis and HCC, we explored the role of a novel engineered variant of FGF19 protein, called FGF19-M52, which fully retains BA regulatory activity but is devoid of the pro-tumoral activity. Expression of the BA synthesis rate-limiting enzyme Cyp7a1 is reduced in FGF19-M52-treated mice compared to the GFP-treated control group with consequent reduction of BA pool and hepatic concentration. Treatment with the non-tumorigenic FGF19-M52 strongly protects Abcb4<sup>-/-</sup> and Fxr<sup>-/-</sup> mice from spontaneous hepatic fibrosis, cellular proliferation and HCC formation in terms of tumor number and size, with significant reduction of biochemical parameters of liver damage and reduced expression of several genes driving the proliferative and inflammatory hepatic scenario. Our data bona fide suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting the FXR-FGF19 axis to reduce hepatic BA synthesis in the control of BA-associated risk of fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma development.
Ultrafast electro-optic switching in liquid crystals (2015)

We present the nanosecond electro-optic response of liquid crystals in the nematic and isotropic phases. The results demonstrate that in the isotropic phase (close to the phase transition), both the dielectrically positive and negative liquid crystals have larger field induced birefringence than in the nematic phase. However, a nematic mixture with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits two advantages, namely, the field induced birefringence is weakly dependent on temperature, and the characteristic time of this nanosecond response does not depend on the electric field. The observed nanosecond response can benefit the ultrafast electro-optic applications.
Evaluation of multispectral plenoptic camera (2013)

Plenoptic cameras enable capture of a 4D lightfield, allowing digital refocusing and depth estimation from data captured with a compact portable camera. Whereas most of the work on plenoptic camera design has been based a simplistic geometric-optics-based characterization of the optical path only, little work has been done of optimizing end-to-end system performance for a specific application. Such design optimization requires design tools that need to include careful parameterization of main lens elements, as well as microlens array and sensor characteristics. In this paper we are interested in evaluating the performance of a multispectral plenoptic camera, i.e. a camera with spectral filters inserted into the aperture plane of the main lens. Such a camera enables single-snapshot spectral data acquisition.1–3 We first describe in detail an end-to-end imaging system model for a spectrally coded plenoptic camera that we briefly introduced in.4 Different performance metrics are defined to evaluate the spectral reconstruction quality. We then present a prototype which is developed based on a modified DSLR camera containing a lenslet array on the sensor and a filter array in the main lens. Finally we evaluate the spectral reconstruction performance of a spectral plenoptic camera based on both simulation and measurements obtained from the prototype.
Improved thermal stability of perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) (2007)

Abstract End‐group modification of poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide), a perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) shows a dramatic increase in thermal stability under conditions designed to mimic a severe tribological environment. The end‐group modifications in this study include perfluoroethyl (ethyl‐F, EA‐F), n ‐perfluoropropyl ( n ‐propyl‐F, NPA‐F), isoperfluoropropyl (isopropyl‐F, IPA‐F) and n ‐perfluorohexyl ( n ‐hexyl‐F, NHA‐F). Amorphous aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ) was charged with a monodispersion of a modified PFPAE and was evaluated for thermal stability (200–270 +/− 1°C). The percent degradation of each type of end‐group has been measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the mechanisms of decomposition have been reported. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding air-core photonic-bandgap fibers: analogy to conventional fibers (2005)

It is shown from basic principles that the core modes of an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber (PBF) exhibit similar qualitative and quantitative behavior as the linearly polarized (LP) modes of an equivalent conventional fiber whose step-index profile is entirely determined by the band edges of the PBF. This analogy leads to the concept of effective numerical aperture (NA), which is used to provide an intuitive interpretation of the qualitative behavior of PBF modes. By using this equivalence, several key properties, including the number of modes, their cutoff, effective index, size, and divergence, and the dependence of these quantities on the PBF core and cladding parameters, can be predicted approximately by simulating the LP modes of the equivalent step-index fiber using standard LP-mode simulators or well-known formula. Besides providing a convenient tool to model the modes of a PBF, this analogy gives new physical insight into the fundamental characteristics of these complex waveguides.