gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-Time Block Coded Reconfigurable MIMO Communication System Using ORIOL Antennas (2008)

In this paper, we present an open-loop reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output system, employing ORIOL antennas at both ends of the communication system. The ORIOL is a compact dual-polarized reconfigurable antenna introduced in [1]. First, we provide a realistic model for our communication system based on measurements conducted using ORIOL antennas. Then, we analytically discuss the performance limits of the practical system and derive the maximum achievable diversity gains. Furthermore, we design a specific space-time block code that is capable of achieving such maximum diversity gains, without any feedback from the receiver. Finally, we evaluate the theoretical findings through measurements and simulations.
A Case History: Evaluating Well Completions in the Eagle Ford Shale Using a Data-Driven Approach (2015)

Abstract Unconventional shale resources are key hydrocarbon sources, gaining importance and popularity as hydrocarbon reservoirs both in the United States and internationally. Horizontal wellbores and multiple transverse hydraulic fracturing are instrumental factors for economical production from shale assets. Hydraulic fracturing typically represents a major component of total well completion costs, and many efforts have been made to study and investigate different strategies to improve well production and reduce costs. The focus of this paper is completion effectiveness evaluation in different parts of the Eagle Ford Shale Formation, and our objective is to identify appropriate completion strategies in the field. A data-driven neural network model is trained on the database comprised of multiple operators' well data. In this model, drilling and mud data are used as indicators for geology and reservoir-related parameters such as pressure, fluid saturation and permeability. Additionally, completion- and fracture-related parameters are also used as model inputs. Because wells are pressure managed differently, normalized oil and gas production is used as a model output. Thousands of neural networks are trained using genetic algorithm in order to fully evaluate hidden correlations within the database. This results in selection of a neural network that is able to understand reservoir, completion and frac differences between wells and identify how to improve future completion/stimulation designs. The final neural network model is successfully developed and tested on two separate data sets located in different parts of the Eagle Ford Shale oil window. Further, an additional test data set comprised of eight wells from a third field location is used to validate the predictive usefulness of the data-driven model. Under-producing wells were also identified by the model and new fracture designs were recommended to improve well productivity. This paper will be useful for understanding the effects of completion and fracture treatment designs on well productivity in the Eagle Ford. This information will help operators select more effective treatment designs, which can reduce operational costs associated with completion/fracturing and can improve oil and gas production.
Extended Generic Product Structure: An Information Model for Representing Product Families (2006)

Abstract An information model is presented that supports sharing of design definition data between the designs of completely configured variants within a product family. Design data sharing is supported across many levels of a design’s product structure hierarchy: A change in one subassembly component does not force the whole subassembly to be duplicated. This is achieved for completely configured models and does not require the use of effectivity or any other filtering mechanism. The key is recognizing a product structure architecture that acts as a template for product variants, maximizing data sharing between them. This approach is applied to many distinct product structure abstractions, including the geometric design and the logical systems design of a product. It is extended to include secondary product structure data such as interface connection points (e.g., ports) and connectivity information, which may involve connections between ports or the mapping from the logical systems design to the geometric design that implements it. This model achieves data scalability for hierarchical product structures, meaning that when adding a new product variant, the amount of new data that must be added is proportional to the amount of design change required for the new variant times the logarithm of the total system size (this logarithm is taken to the base of the branching factor of the product structure tree).
High-Performance Supercapacitors from Niobium Nanowire Yarns (2015)

The large-ion-accessible surface area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets formed as yarns, forests, and films enables miniature high-performance supercapacitors with power densities exceeding those of electrolytics while achieving energy densities equaling those of batteries. Capacitance and energy density can be enhanced by depositing highly pseudocapacitive materials such as conductive polymers on them. Yarns formed from carbon nanotubes are proposed for use in wearable supercapacitors. In this work, we show that high power, energy density, and capacitance in yarn form are not unique to carbon materials, and we introduce niobium nanowires as an alternative. These yarns show higher capacitance and energy per volume and are stronger and 100 times more conductive than similarly spun carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) and graphene yarns. The long niobium nanowires, formed by repeated extrusion and drawing, achieve device volumetric peak power and energy densities of 55 MW·m(-3) (55 W·cm(-3)) and 25 MJ·m(-3) (7 mWh·cm(-3)), 2 and 5 times higher than that for state-of-the-art CNT yarns, respectively. The capacitance per volume of Nb nanowire yarn is lower than the 158 MF·m(-3) (158 F·cm(-3)) reported for carbon-based materials such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and CNT wet-spun yarns, but the peak power and energy densities are 200 and 2 times higher, respectively. Achieving high power in long yarns is made possible by the high conductivity of the metal, and achievement of high energy density is possible thanks to the high internal surface area. No additional metal backing is needed, unlike for CNT yarns and supercapacitors in general, saving substantial space. As the yarn is infiltrated with pseudocapacitive materials such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the energy density is further increased to 10 MJ·m(-3) (2.8 mWh·cm(-3)). Similar to CNT yarns, niobium nanowire yarns are highly flexible and show potential for weaving into textiles and use in wearable devices.
Polarization Mode Coupling Involved in a Capillary Optical Fiber Sensor: Modeling and Experimental Validation (2011)

Theoretical and experimental work is reported on a distributed polarimetric fiber optic sensor designed for application in capillary gas chromatography. The emphasis is made on the modeling of the polarization mode coupling mechanism in relation to the vapor zone distribution. Conditions are established to quantify the vapors' amount in the capillary from a Fourier analysis of the time-modulated optical signal. The model predicts an exponential temporal decay of the modulation amplitude for any initial vapor zone distribution at the injection and the quantification is related to the pre-exponential factor.
Caching and coded multicasting: Multiple groupcast index coding (2014)

The capacity of caching networks has received considerable attention in the past few years. A particularly studied setting is the case of a single server (e.g., a base station) and multiple users, each of which caches segments of files in a finite library. Each user requests one (whole) file in the library and the server sends a common coded multicast message to satisfy all users at once. The problem consists of finding the smallest possible codeword length to satisfy such requests. In this paper we consider the generalization to the case where each user places L ≥ 1 requests. The obvious naive scheme consists of applying L times the order-optimal scheme for a single request, obtaining a linear in L scaling of the multicast codeword length. We propose a new achievable scheme based on multiple groupcast index coding that achieves a significant gain over the naive scheme. Furthermore, through an information theoretic converse we find that the proposed scheme is approximately optimal within a constant factor of (at most) 18.
A tunable gamma-ray source based on the single-quantum annihilation of positrons (1994)

A study of the single-quantum annihilation (SQA) of positrons has shown that a tunable gamma-ray source (TGRS) could be built based on the phenomenon, that could provide a photon beam of energy variable from 1 MeV upwards. The photon beam could have an excellent bandwidth, of around 1 keV, and a low background level for beam energies up to several MeV, and could be made polarized. The beam is highly self-collimated. The photon yield is much larger than the tunable gamma-ray sources envisaged by other means, which also employ particle beams. In simplicity as well as features, the SQA-based tunable gamma-ray source is potentially superior to other proposed sources.
Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated on Glass Rod without Transparent Conductive Layers (2009)

A tandem dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated on a glass rod without a transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO-less GR-DSSC). Two model dyes having λmax = 429 nm (Dye II) and λmax = 646 nm (Dye I) respectively were used to examine the potential of the cell. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) curve of the TCO-less GR-DSSC had two peaks at around 490 and 600–650 nm. Open circuit voltage (Voc) of the TCO-less GR-DSSC was 1.13 V which was the sum of the Voc (0.57 V) of each single cell. The results strongly demonstrate that the cell has a tandem character.
Scalable Web server cluster design with workload-aware request distribution strategy WARD (2002)

We consider a Web cluster in which the content-aware distribution is performed by each of the nodes in a Web cluster. Each server in the cluster may forward a request to another node based on the requested content. We propose a new workload-aware request distribution strategy WARD, that assigns a small set of most frequent files, called core, to be served locally, by any server in a cluster, while partitioning the rest of the files to be served by different cluster nodes. We propose an algorithm, called ward-analysis, to compute the nearly optimal core size. The algorithm takes into account workload access patterns and cluster parameters such as number of nodes, node RAM, TCP handoff overhead, and disk access overhead. Our simulations driven by a realistic workload show that WARD achieves super-linear speedup with increased cluster size. It shows superior performance compared with traditional round-robin strategy (up to 260% increased throughput for a cluster of 16 nodes), and outperforms a pure partitioning strategy based on a cache-affinity requests distribution (up to 50% increased throughput for a cluster of 16 nodes).
A third member of the synapsin gene family (1998)

Synapsins are a family of neuron-specific synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins that have been implicated in synaptogenesis and in the modulation of neurotransmitter release. In mammals, distinct genes for synapsins I and II have been identified, each of which gives rise to two alternatively spliced isoforms. We have now cloned and characterized a third member of the synapsin gene family, synapsin III, from human DNA. Synapsin III gives rise to at least one protein isoform, designated synapsin IIIa, in several mammalian species. Synapsin IIIa is associated with synaptic vesicles, and its expression appears to be neuron-specific. The primary structure of synapsin IIIa conforms to the domain model previously described for the synapsin family, with domains A, C, and E exhibiting the highest degree of conservation. Synapsin IIIa contains a novel domain, termed domain J, located between domains C and E. The similarities among synapsins I, II, and III in domain organization, neuron-specific expression, and subcellular localization suggest a possible role for synapsin III in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. The human synapsin III gene is located on chromosome 22q12-13, which has been identified as a possible schizophrenia susceptibility locus. On the basis of this localization and the well established neurobiological roles of the synapsins, synapsin III represents a candidate gene for schizophrenia.
Attenuating underwater pile driving noise at a remote receiving location using an encapsulated bubble curtain (2012)

Noise generated underwater by pile driving can reach dangerous levels at significant distances from the source, and thereby potentially disturb both marine life and human activities. In this presentation, we describe a method of shielding a specific underwater region remote from the source using a curtain of encapsulated bubbles. The sizes of these encapsulated bubbles are chosen so that their resonance frequencies are near the peak frequency of the noise generated by the pile driving, thus maximizing each encapsulated bubble's ability to mitigate the incoming noise through resonance phenomena. The method of using encapsulated bubbles has been previously described by the authors [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127:2015 (2010); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128:2279 (2010); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129:2462 (2011)], but in this work a region around the receiver, not the source, was treated with encapsulated bubbles, and the noise was due to pile driving activity rather than tonal. Results show that significant noise reduction can be attained using this encapsulated bubble curtain, in which a single layer yielded about 10 dB of SPL reduction. [Work supported by Applied Research Laboratories Internal Research and Development]
A passive two-band sensor of sunlight-excited plant fluorescence (1999)

We have designed and built a passive remote sensor of sunlight-excited chlorophyll fluorescence (U.S. Patent No. 5,567,947, Oct. 22, 1996) which provides for the real-time, in situ sensing of photosynthetic activity in plants. This sensor, which operates as a Fraunhofer line discriminator, detects light at the cores of the lines comprising the atmospheric oxygen A and B bands, centered at 762 and 688 nm, respectively. These bands also correspond to wavelengths in the far-red and red chlorophyll fluorescence bands. The sensor is based on an induced fluorescence approach; as light collected from fluorescing plants is passed through a low-pressure cell containing oxygen, the oxygen absorbs the energy and subsequently reemits photons which are then detected by a photomultiplier tube. Since the oxygen in the cell absorbs light at the same wavelengths that have been strongly absorbed by the oxygen in the atmosphere, the response to incident sunlight is minimal. This mode of measurement is limited to target plants sufficiently close in range that the plants’ fluorescence is not itself appreciably absorbed by atmospheric oxygen (∼200 m). In vivo measurements of fluorescence in the 760 and 690 nm bands of vegetation in full sunlight are also presented. Measurements of plant fluorescence at the single-plant canopy level were obtained from greenhouse-grown bean plants subjected to a range of nitrogen treatments. The ratio of the fluorescence obtained from the two measurement bands showed statistically significant variation with respect to nitrogen treatments.
ORNL program for development of magnetic beneficiation of dry pulverized coal (1978)

The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with natural and synthetic membranes is known to be a complex phenomenon, involving both protein and lipid conformational changes. In this paper, we combined infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy to study the structural transformation occurring to the lipid network of cardiolipin-containing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). The data, collected at increasing protein/lipid ratio, demonstrate the existence of a multi-phase process, which is characterized by: (i) the interaction of cyt c with the lipid polar heads; (ii) the lipid anchorage of the protein on the membrane surface; and (iii) a long-distance order/disorder transition of the cardiolipin acyl chains. Such effects have been quantitatively interpreted introducing specific order parameters and discussed in the frame of the models on cyt c activity reported in literature.
Comparison of Phenotypically Indistinguishable but Geographically Distinct <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Group B Isolates in a Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assay (2007)

The "gold standard" assay for measuring serologic protection against Neisseria meningitidis group B (MenB) is the serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay. Of vital importance to the outcome of the SBA assay is the choice of the target strain(s), which is often chosen on the basis of phenotype or genotype. We therefore investigated the effect on the results produced by the SBA assay of using phenotypically indistinguishable but geographically distinct MenB isolates. Nine PorA P1.19,15 and 11 PorA P1.7-2,4 MenB isolates were incorporated into the SBA assay using human complement and were assayed against sera obtained either before or after outer membrane vesicle vaccination. Large differences in the results produced by the isolates in the SBA assay were demonstrated. These included differences as great as 5.8-fold in SBA geometric mean titers and in the proportions of subjects with SBA titers of >/=4. Ranges of as many as 9 SBA titers were achieved by individual sera across the panels of isolates. To determine the reasons for the differences observed, investigations into the expression of capsular polysaccharide, PorA, PorB, Opc, and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and into LOS sialylation were completed. However, minor differences were found between strains, indicating similar expression and no antigen masking. These results have implications for the choice of MenB target strains for inclusion in future studies of MenB vaccines and highlight the requirement for standardization of target strains between laboratories.
An Aromatic Region To Induce a Switch between Agonism and Inverse Agonism at the Ghrelin Receptor (2012)

The ghrelin receptor displays a high constitutive activity suggested to be involved in the regulation of appetite and food intake. Here, we have created peptides with small changes in the core binding motif -wFw- of the hexapeptide KwFwLL-NH(2) that can swap the peptide behavior from inverse agonism to agonism, indicating the importance of this sequence. Introduction of β-(3-benzothienyl)-d-alanine (d-Bth), 3,3-diphenyl-d-alanine (d-Dip) and 1-naphthyl-d-alanine (d-1-Nal) at position 2 resulted in highly potent and efficient inverse agonists, whereas the substitution of d-tryptophane at position 4 with 1-naphthyl-d-alanine (d-1-Nal) and 2-naphthyl-d-alanine (d-2-Nal) induces agonism in functional assays. Competitive binding studies showed a high affinity of the inverse agonist K-(d-1-Nal)-FwLL-NH(2) at the ghrelin receptor. Moreover, mutagenesis studies of the receptor revealed key positions for the switch between inverse agonist and agonist response. Hence, only minor changes in the peptide sequence can decide between agonism and inverse agonism and have a major impact on the biological activity.
Stereo time-of-flight (2011)

This paper describes a novel method to acquire depth images using a pair of ToF (Time of Flight) cameras. As opposed to approaches that filter, calibrate or do 3D reconstructions posterior to the image acquisition, we propose to combine the measurements of the two cameras at the acquisition level. To do so, we define a three-stages procedure, during which we actively modify the infrared lighting of the scene: first, the two cameras emit an infrared signal one after the other (stages 1 and 2), and then, simultaneously (stage 3). Assuming the scene is static during the three stages, we gather the depth measurements obtained with both cameras and define a cost function to optimize the two depth images. A quantitative evaluation of the performance of the proposed method for different objects and stereo configurations is provided based on a simulation of the ToF cameras. Results on real images are also presented. Both in simulation and real images the stereo-ToF acquisition produces more accurate depth measurements.
Closed-Loop Control for Fluid Resuscitation: Recent Advances and Future Challenges (2021)

Fluid therapy is extensively used to treat traumatized patients as well as patients during surgery. The fluid therapy process is complex due to interpatient variability in response to therapy as well as other complicating factors such as comorbidities and general anesthesia. These complexities can result in under- or over-resuscitation. Given the complexity of the fluid management process as well as the increased capabilities in hemodynamic monitoring, closed-loop fluid management can reduce the workload of the overworked clinician while ensuring specific constraints on hemodynamic endpoints are met with higher accuracy. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of closed-loop control systems for fluid management and highlight several key steps in transitioning such a technology from bench to the bedside.
Fully 3-D list-mode positron emission tomography image reconstruction on GPU using CUDA (2010)

List-mode processing is an efficient way of dealing with the sparse nature of PET data sets, and is the processing method of choice for time-of-flight (ToF) PET. We present a novel method of computing line projection operations required for list-mode ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) for fully 3-D PET image reconstruction on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) framework. Our method overcomes challenges such as compute thread divergence, and exploits GPU capabilities such as shared memory and atomic operations. When applied to line projection operations for list-mode time-of-flight PET, this new GPU-CUDA implementation is 188X faster than a single-threaded reference CPU implementation. Image quality is preserved with root mean squared (RMS) deviation of 0.05% between CPU and GPU-generated images, which has negligible effect in typical clinical applications.
Microprocessor Based Data Acquisition for Analysis of Engine Performance (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A computer system for data acquisition and analysis has been assembled and tested as an engineering development tool for advanced diagnostic techniques. This system includes custom hardware and software to facilitate high-speed acquisition of data, both digital and analog. The digital data is acquired via a time-stamping procedure, whereas the analog signals are sampled with a multiplexed A/D converter. By simultaneously monitoring both types of signals available to the engine control module, the performance parameters of an engine can be analyzed as functions of either time or engine position. Examples of misfire detection are given which illustrate the need for accurate digital data. Other examples include high-resolution velocity profiles of a defective engine, and samples of signals obtained from a normal engine.</div>