gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced TCM based on a multilevel hierarchical trellis coded modulation (HTCM) (2005)

This paper introduces a new multilevel coding scheme, identified as hierarchical trellis coded modulation (HTCM), that significantly improves a given TCM, while maintaining a 100% compatible fallback mode into the original trellis structure. HTCM exhibits a reasonable complexity increase when compared to higher order trellises or full turbo schemes that could reach similar gains. HTCM combines a given TCM code and a very high protection code (HPC), such as turbo code or low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. The HPC encodes the least significant bits of a large constellation, thus increasing the minimum Euclidean distance between TCM coded signals. The paper derives the theoretical HTCM asymptotic gain. HTCM is then applied to enhance the 16-state 4D Wei scheme by 1.76 dB of net coding gain., making use of a rate 1/2 parallel concatenated turbo code for the HPC and a new DSQ (diagonally shifted QAMs) constellation mapping. HTCM modularity, efficiency and relative simplicity open new ways to TCM enhancement that would help many broadband communication fields including wireless, satellite and wired systems.
GlycoDeNovo – an Efficient Algorithm for Accurate de novo Glycan Topology Reconstruction from Tandem Mass Spectra (2017)

A major challenge in glycomics is the characterization of complex glycan structures that are essential for understanding their diverse roles in many biological processes. We present a novel efficient computational approach, named GlycoDeNovo, for accurate elucidation of the glycan topologies from their tandem mass spectra. Given a spectrum, GlycoDeNovo first builds an interpretation-graph specifying how to interpret each peak using preceding interpreted peaks. It then reconstructs the topologies of peaks that contribute to interpreting the precursor ion. We theoretically prove that GlycoDeNovo is highly efficient. A major innovative feature added to GlycoDeNovo is a data-driven IonClassifier which can be used to effectively rank candidate topologies. IonClassifier is automatically learned from experimental spectra of known glycans to distinguish B- and C-type ions from all other ion types. Our results showed that GlycoDeNovo is robust and accurate for topology reconstruction of glycans from their tandem mass spectra. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Reducing Aerodynamic Drag Of Bluff Bodies (1990)

New method found to reduce aerodynamic drag of noncircular bluff bodies like road-transport vehicles. Consists of installation of thin, flat panels on forward side of body, facing airstream. Produces streamlining effect over body. Width of wake reduced, and vortex shedding is greatly suppressed.
Design and development of a low-frequency torsional shear wave transducer for ocean sediment applications (1994)

A new low-frequency torsional shear wave transducer for ocean sediment applications has been developed. The transducer design includes a combination of a lightweight radiating structure and piezoelectric material. The ‘‘spool-shaped’’ structure is composed of solid lexan machined in the form of a cylinder centered between two radiating disks. The piezoelectric material, in the form of ceramic ring segments, is electrically configured for the ‘‘1–5’’ drive mode and rigidly attached circumferentially along each end of the cylinder. Operation of the transducer as a shear wave transmitter is based on a high torque being applied to the structure by the electromechanical action of the electrically driven piezoelectric ceramics. As the ceramics are excited, a resulting torque is coupled through the structure’s disks and radiated into the surrounding medium. The transducer structure is designed to exhibit a torsional resonance at 2 kHz. Based on the reciprocal nature of the piezoelectric ceramic, the transducer can also be employed as a shear wave receiver. Experimental results demonstrate that the transducer is an effective means of transmitting and receiving low-frequency shear waves in sediment. Good control over the acoustic waveform is obtained. Performance is investigated as a function of transmitter–receiver distance.
Hot-Filament Assisted Deposition of Diamond in the Vapor of Methanol-Based Liquid Solutions (2000)

Abstract : A method for depositing diamond crystals and diamond films in the vapor of methanol-based solutions is reported. The methanol-based solution contains a few percent by weight of one or more carbon containing compounds that have the ratio of carbon to oxygen being greater than one. A hot filament is applied to dissociate the vapor of the premixed solution and generate oxidizing and etching radicals such as OH, O, H as well as carbon depositing radicals such as CH3 Graphitic and amorphous carbon deposition is suppressed or preferentially etched resulting in the net deposition of good quality diamond crystals and diamond films.
C-Tb skin test to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children and HIV-infected adults: A phase 3 trial (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01642888. EudraCT 2011-005078-40.
Cloned Hemoglobin Genes Enhance Growth Of Cells (1991)

Experiments show that portable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences incorporated into host cells make them produce hemoglobins - oxygen-binding proteins essential to function of red blood cells. Method useful in several biotechnological applications. One, enhancement of growth of cells at higher densities. Another, production of hemoglobin to enhance supplies of oxygen in cells, for use in chemical reactions requiring oxygen, as additive to serum to increase transport of oxygen, and for binding and separating oxygen from mixtures of gases.
Staphylococcus aureus Coenzyme A Disulfide Reductase, a New Subfamily of Pyridine Nucleotide-Disulfide Oxidoreductase (1998)

The cdr gene encoding coenzyme A disulfide reductase (CoADR) from Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed. The gene encodes a 438-amino acid polypeptide that has a calculated molecular weight of 49,200 and sequence similarity to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family of flavoenzymes. The deduced primary structure contains consensus sequences for flavin adenine dinucleotide and NADPH-binding regions but lacks the catalytic disulfide signature sequence typical of the glutathione reductase family of disulfide reductases. The active site region of CoADR has only a single cysteine residue that is similar to that in the conserved SFXXC active site motif of NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase from Enterococcus faecalis. CoADR is the first disulfide reductase reported having this active site region, and sequence comparisons of CoADR to representative members of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide reductase superfamily placed CoADR in a distinct subfamily. CoADR was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using the pET expression system, and 5-10 mg of fully active recombinant enzyme were recovered per liter of E. coli cells.
<title>Analysis of periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures for dynamic hologram applications</title> (1995)

Electro-optical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume holographic gratings offers the possibility of real-time control and programmability of diffractive optic components. We have recently demonstrated efficient electro-optical control of the diffraction efficiency in gratings consisting of periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) planes. We analyze this system as a rectangular index modulation profile, with the low index region being pure polymer, and the high index region consisting of a distribution of ellipsoidal nematic liquid crystal droplets of sub-micrometer size. The results of coupled-wave theory are combined with an analysis of the electro- mechanical behavior of these droplets to model the field-dependent diffraction efficiency. The effects of system parameters on diffraction switching is explored, and a physical interpretation of the switching phenomena in PDLC gratings is elucidated. Insights to the design of practical switchable diffractive optical elements can be obtained from the model.
Two-scale tone management for photographic look (2006)

We introduce a new approach to tone management for photographs. Whereas traditional tone-mapping operators target a neutral and faithful rendition of the input image, we explore pictorial looks by controlling visual qualities such as the tonal balance and the amount of detail. Our method is based on a two-scale non-linear decomposition of an image. We modify the different layers based on their histograms and introduce a technique that controls the spatial variation of detail. We introduce a Poisson correction that prevents potential gradient reversal and preserves detail. In addition to directly controlling the parameters, the user can transfer the look of a model photograph to the picture being edited.
Formation porosity measurement using epithermal neutron lifetime (1989)

A logging tool for in-situ measurement of earth formation porosity using epithermal neutron lifetime has been constructed and tested. A 14-MeV neutron generator in the tool emits pulses of neutrons and a Gd-covered /sup 3/He counter detects neutrons returning from the formation as a function of time following the emission pulse. Counts are accumulated in 200 1- mu s-wide channels for repeated pulses of the source. Tests of the logging tool in formation models of known porosity and in oil wells indicate superior porosity sensitivity and decreased lithology (rock type) dependence compared to methods using steady-state sources. Computer modeling using the time-dependent Monte Carlo Neutron Photon (MCNP) code has provided lifetimes which support and extend measurements made with the tool. MCNP results from a three-dimensional model of the logging tool in a borehole have yielded excellent agreement with actual tool measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurofuzzy approaches for advance hearing devices (2003)

An important issue in the use of hearing devices, is estimating the specific set of gains requirements, referred to as the "target". Conventional trial and error methods are inefficient. This paper presents a neurofuzzy approach for fitting hearing aid parameters. A neural network is designed to generate the initial target and fuzzy logic is used in fine-tuning the initial target. The introduction of the neurofuzzy approach is expected to accelerate the fitting process. It may also enable audiologists to incorporate their knowledge into the system and make it fit specific needs.
Transform coding with integer-to-integer transforms (2000)

A new interpretation of transform coding is developed that downplays quantization and emphasizes entropy coding, allowing a comparison of entropy coding methods with different memory requirements. With conventional transform coding, based on computing Karhunen-Loeve transform coefficients and then quantizing them, vector entropy coding can be replaced by scalar entropy coding without an increase in rate. Thus the transform coding advantage is a reduction in memory requirements for entropy coding. This paper develops a transform coding technique where the source samples are first scalar-quantized and then transformed with an integer-to-integer approximation to a nonorthogonal linear transform. Among the possible advantages is to reduce the memory requirement further than conventional transform coding by using a single common scalar entropy codebook for all components. The analysis shows that for high-rate coding of a Gaussian source, this reduction in memory requirements comes without any degradation of rate-distortion performance.
Searching for Counter-Examples Adaptively (2003)

We describe a framework for finding counter-examples in a transition system. This framework constructs an on-the-fly heuristic for choosing states that are good candidates for exploration. and refines this heuristic when it realizes it made mistakes. The refinements are always relative to the mistakes made, and therefore the amount of overhead needed for constructing the heuristic is minimized. This heuristic is used for partial exploration of the state space, directed toward reaching a user specified set of states. Empirical results show this method to be a strong competitor to the standard BFS based methods.
Azetidinimines as a Novel Series of Non-Covalent Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of β-Lactamases with Submicromolar Activities Against Carbapenemases of Classes A, B and D (2020)

The increasingly worrisome situation of antimicrobial resistances has pushed synthetic chemists to design original molecules that can fight these resistances. To do so, inhibiting β-lactamases, one of the main modes of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, is one of the most sought-after strategies, as recently evidenced by the development and approval of avibactam, relabactam and vaborbactam. Yet molecules able to inhibit simultaneously β-lactamases belonging to different molecular classes remain scarce and currently there is no metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor approved for clinical use. Having recently developed a synthetic methodology to access imino-analogues of β-lactams (Chem. – Eur. J. 2017, 23, 12991,see ref) we decided to evaluate them as potential β-lactamase inhibitors and specifically against carbapenemases, which can hydrolyze and inactivate penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Herein we eport our findings that show that our newly developed family of molecules are indeed excellent β-lactamase inhibitors and that our lead compound can inhibit NDM-1 (0.1 µM), KPC-2 (0.4 µM), and OXA-48 (0.6 µM) even though these three enzymes belong to three different molecular classes of carbapenemases. This lead compound also inhibits the ESBL CTX-M-15 and the cephalosporinase CMY-2, it is metabolically stable, and can repotentiate imipenem against a resistant strain of Escherichia coli expressing NDM-1.<br><br><br>
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Vasopressin Analogues That Help Define a Minimum Effective Antagonist Pharmacophore. (1986)

Abstract Dargestellt werden die Verbindungen (Ia)‐(Ic), die als Vasopressin‐Antagonisten mit (Id) verglichen werden.
Non-age Related Differences in Thrombin Responses by Platelets from Male Patients with Advanced Alzheimer′s Disease (1993)

Alzheimer's Disease(AD), characterized by a deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (beta/A4) in the brain and in the cerebral microvasculature of affected individuals, is derived from its precursor protein (beta APP) via proteolytic processing by enzyme(s) which have not yet been characterized or localized. Since platelets carry APP in one of their granules, they have been implicated as a source of the beta/A4 deposits in the microvasculature of AD patients, attributable to either an abnormality in the platelets' stimulus response, in the quantity or nature of the APP they release upon activation and/or in the processing of that protein. We show here that platelets from patients with severe AD have abnormal stimulus responses to alpha-thrombin. Specifically, these cells hyperacidify. While it is not clear why this abnormality occurs, it may contribute to aberrant granule secretion since we have demonstrated earlier that release of platelet granule contents is partially controlled by the cytoplasmic pH.
Distinct Cohesin Complexes Organize Meiotic Chromosome Domains (2003)

Meiotic cohesin complexes at centromeres behave differently from those along chromosome arms, but the basis for these differences has remained elusive. The fission yeast cohesin molecule Rec8 largely replaces its mitotic counterpart, Rad21/Scc1, along the entire chromosome during meiosis. Here we show that Rec8 complexes along chromosome arms contain Rec11, whereas those in the vicinity of centromeres have a different partner subunit, Psc3. The arm associated Rec8-Rec11 complexes are critical for meiotic recombination. The Rec8-Psc3 complexes comprise two different types of assemblies. First, pericentromeric Rec8-Psc3 complexes depend on histone methylation-directed heterochromatin for their localization and are required for cohesion during meiosis II. Second, central core Rec8-Psc3 complexes form independently of heterochromatin and are presumably required for establishing monopolar attachment at meiosis I. These findings define distinct modes of assembly and functions for cohesin complexes at different regions along chromosomes.
Modeling Dynamic Attributes for Next Basket Recommendation (2021)

Traditional approaches to next item and next basket recommendation typically extract users' interests based on their past interactions and associated static contextual information (e.g. a user id or item category). However, extracted interests can be inaccurate and become obsolete. Dynamic attributes, such as user income changes, item price changes (etc.), change over time. Such dynamics can intrinsically reflect the evolution of users' interests. We argue that modeling such dynamic attributes can boost recommendation performance. However, properly integrating them into user interest models is challenging since attribute dynamics can be diverse such as time-interval aware, periodic patterns (etc.), and they represent users' behaviors from different perspectives, which can happen asynchronously with interactions. Besides dynamic attributes, items in each basket contain complex interdependencies which might be beneficial but nontrivial to effectively capture. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Attentive network to model Dynamic attributes (named AnDa). AnDa separately encodes dynamic attributes and basket item sequences. We design a periodic aware encoder to allow the model to capture various temporal patterns from dynamic attributes. To effectively learn useful item relationships, intra-basket attention module is proposed. Experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Dynamic consolidation of diamond powder into polycrystalline diamond (1987)

The formation of a polycrystalline solid compact, by fusing an initially porous aggregate of diamond crystals under dynamic shock pressure (7.5–18 GPa), is shown to depend critically on the size of the initial crystals. Porous aggregates of 100–150 μm diameter crystals upon shock compaction produced compacts. These exhibited pronounced fracturing of the individual crystals and showed no evidence of fusion. Aggregates consisting of ultrafine crystals (&lt;5 μm) also exhibited minimal consolidation. However, samples composed of crystals in the range 4–8 μm produced strong fused compacts of polycrystalline diamond. A model calculation indicates that at 10 GPa less than 0.07 mass fraction of the diamond powder can be melted and this molten material is quenched in 0.8 ns for 8-μm-diam crystals.
The design and properties of ceramics reinforced by whiskers and similar microstructural features (1992)

Whiskers impart considerable toughening and provide increased resistance to strength degradation during service due to thermal stresses, crack growth, and contact or impact damage. Whisker-reinforced ceramics also exhibit improvements in strength and toughness that are retained over a broad temperature range. Furthermore, reinforcements that resist deformation at elevated temperatures, e.g., SiC whiskers, result in substantial improvements in creep resistance of ceramics. However, successful design of toughened ceramics must consider the material properties and characteristics which control the toughening response and related mechanical properties. This paper reviews the design concepts for ceramics reinforced with discontinuous phases and the influence of such reinforcements on a variety of mechanical properties. 39 refs, 13 figs.
Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic Quantum\n Metasurface (2020)

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a leading quantum sensor platform, combining exceptional sensitivity with nanoscale spatial resolution by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). Because fluorescence-based ODMR techniques are limited by low photon collection efficiency and modulation contrast, there has been growing interest in infrared (IR)-absorption-based readout of the NV singlet state transition. IR readout can improve contrast and collection efficiency, but it has thus far been limited to long-pathlength geometries in bulk samples due to the small absorption cross section of the NV singlet state. Here, we amplify the IR absorption by introducing a resonant diamond metallodielectric metasurface that achieves a quality factor of Q ~ 1,000. This "plasmonic quantum sensing metasurface" (PQSM) combines localized surface plasmon polariton resonances with long-range Rayleigh-Wood anomaly modes and achieves the desired balance between field localization and sensing volume to optimize spin readout sensitivity. From combined electromagnetic and rate-equation modeling, we estimate a sensitivity below 1 nT/Hz$^{1/2}$ per um$^2$ of sensing area using numbers for present-day NV diamond samples and fabrication techniques. The proposed PQSM enables a new form of microscopic ODMR sensing with infrared readout near the spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity, making it appealing for the most demanding applications such as imaging through scattering tissue and spatially-resolved chemical NMR detection.
Identification and serotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (1997)

In the present study 443 strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, a causative agent of respiratory disease in fowl, were investigated biochemically and serologically. In both ways O. rhinotracheale could be differentiated from other gram-negative rods and, more particularly, from the Pasteurella-like bacteria potentially pathogenic for fowl. For the biochemical characterization of O. rhinotracheale the API 2ONE identification strip proved to be useful, although O. rhinotracheale is not included in the API system. Serologically, by using monovalent antisera in agar gel precipitation (AGP) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), seven serotypes (serotypes A to G) of O. rhinotracheale could be discriminated. The AGP test was chosen as the preferred method to be used for serotyping. Isolates of serotype A were found to be the most prevalent, especially in chickens. Isolates from turkeys were more heterogeneously divided over the serotypes. Some strains showed cross-reactivity between serotypes A, B, and E. Five O. rhinotracheale strains could not be serotyped with the available antisera. Relationships between the geographic origin and the serotypes were found. By the ELISA the presence of antibodies against O. rhinotracheale could be detected in 1-day-old birds as well as in birds with clinical signs, and therefore, it might be useful for diagnostic purposes.
Multi-Channel Incoherent Digital Holography (2009)

We present a new holographic system operating in a synthetic aperture mode. Spatial resolution exceeding the Rayleigh limit is obtained by digital tiling several Fresnel elements into a complete hologram of the observed object.