gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triple-biprism electron interferometry (2006)

Triple-biprism electron interferometry has been developed to flexibly control all interference parameters, i.e., interference region (size and shape), fringe spacing, and fringe angle. Each filament electrode of the upper and middle electron biprisms is installed in the individual image planes of the objective and first magnifying lenses, respectively. One more filament electrode of the lower biprism is set between the crossover plane and image plane behind the second magnifying lens. The azimuth angle between the upper and middle filaments is set at 90°, and lower filament is set at about 45° for both of the above filaments. Among many possible optical setups, we chose the setup with the easiest and most flexible control of all the interference parameters through theoretical investigation and experimental confirmation. The interferometer was constructed in a 1×106V field emission electron microscope, and the overall performance was demonstrated and investigated experimentally.
A three-mask process for fabricating vacuum-sealed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers using anodic bonding (2015)

This paper introduces a simplified fabrication method for vacuum-sealed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays using anodic bonding. Anodic bonding provides the established advantages of wafer-bondingbased CMUT fabrication processes, including process simplicity, control over plate thickness and properties, high fill factor, and ability to implement large vibrating cells. In addition to these, compared with fusion bonding, anodic bonding can be performed at lower processing temperatures, i.e., 350°C as opposed to 1100°C; surface roughness requirement for anodic bonding is more than 10 times more relaxed, i.e., 5-nm rootmean- square (RMS) roughness as opposed to 0.5 nm for fusion bonding; anodic bonding can be performed on smaller contact area and hence improves the fill factor for CMUTs. Although anodic bonding has been previously used for CMUT fabrication, a CMUT with a vacuum cavity could not have been achieved, mainly because gas is trapped inside the cavities during anodic bonding. In the approach we present in this paper, the vacuum cavity is achieved by opening a channel in the plate structure to evacuate the trapped gas and subsequently sealing this channel by conformal silicon nitride deposition in the vacuum environment. The plate structure of the fabricated CMUT consists of the single-crystal silicon device layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer and a thin silicon nitride insulation layer. The presented fabrication approach employs only three photolithographic steps and combines the advantages of anodic bonding with the advantages of a patterned metal bottom electrode on an insulating substrate, specifically low parasitic series resistance and low parasitic shunt capacitance. In this paper, the developed fabrication scheme is described in detail, including process recipes. The fabricated transducers are characterized using electrical input impedance measurements in air and hydrophone measurements in immersion. A representative design is used to demonstrate immersion operation in conventional, collapse-snapback, and collapse modes. In collapsemode operation, an output pressure of 1.67 MPa pp is shown at 7 MHz on the surface of the transducer for 60-Vpp, 3-cycle sinusoidal excitation at 30-V dc bias.
Catalytic Synthesis of PEGylated EGCG Conjugates that Disaggregate Alzheimer’s Tau (2021)

Abstract The naturally occurring flavonoid (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent disaggregant of tau fibrils. Guided by the recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of EGCG bound to fibrils of tau derived from an Alzheimer’s brain donor, methods to site-specifically modify the EGCG D-ring with aminoPEGylated linkers are reported. The resultant molecules inhibit tau fibril seeding by Alzheimer’s brain extracts. Formulations of aminoPEGylated EGCG conjugated to the (quasi)-brain-penetrant nanoparticle Ferumoxytol inhibit seeding by AD-tau with linker length affecting activity. The protecting group-free catalytic cycloaddition of amino azides to mono-propargylated EGCG described here provides a blueprint for access to stable nanoparticulate forms of EGCG potentially useful as therapeutics to eliminate Alzheimer’s-related tau tangles.
Optical Front-End for Soft-Decision LDPC Codes in Optical Communication Systems (2011)

A low-complexity soft-decision 12.5 Gb/s optical receiver for decoding low-density parity-check codes reusing conventional hard-decision receivers is investigated. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed optical receiver exhibits coding gains of 2.75 and 6.73 dB for post-forward-error-correction bit error rates of 10-4 and 10-9, respectively, over a hard-decision uncoded system for a 60 km single-mode optical fiber transmission. The soft-decision circuitry consumes approximately 5 W and is optimized to provide two confidence levels, one above and one below the hard-decision levels.
Ionic Liquid‐Nanoparticle Hybrid Electrolytes and their Application in Secondary Lithium‐Metal Batteries (2012)

Ionic liquid-tethered nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes comprised of silica nanoparticles densely grafted with imidazolium-based ionic liquid chains are shown to retard lithium dendrite growth in rechargeable batteries with metallic lithium anodes. The electrolytes are demonstrated in full cell studies using both high-energy Li/MoS(2) and high-power Li/TiO(2) secondary batteries.
Neonatal Immunization with a Single IL-4/Antigen Dose Induces Increased Antibody Responses after Challenge Infection with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) at Weanling Age (2017)

Neonatal foals respond poorly to conventional vaccines. These vaccines typically target T-helper (Th) cell dependent B-cell activation. However, Th2-cell immunity is impaired in foals during the first three months of life. In contrast, neonatal basophils are potent interleukin-4 (IL-4) producers. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine triggering the natural capacity of neonatal basophils to secrete IL-4 and to evaluate if vaccination resulted in B-cell activation and antibody production against EHV-1 glycoprotein C (gC). Neonatal vaccination was performed by oral biotinylated IgE (IgE-bio) treatment at birth followed by intramuscular injection of a single dose of streptavidin-conjugated gC/IL-4 fusion protein (Sav-gC/IL-4) for crosslinking of receptor-bound IgE-bio (group 1). Neonates in group 2 received the intramuscular Sav-gC/IL-4 vaccine only. Group 3 remained non-vaccinated at birth. After vaccination, gC antibody production was not detectable. The ability of the vaccine to induce protection was evaluated by an EHV-1 challenge infection after weaning at 7 months of age. Groups 1 and 2 responded to EHV-1 infection with an earlier onset and overall significantly increased anti-gC serum antibody responses compared to control group 3. In addition, group 1 weanlings had a decreased initial fever peak after infection indicating partial protection from EHV-1 infection. This suggested that the neonatal vaccination induced a memory B-cell response at birth that was recalled at weanling age after EHV-1 challenge. In conclusion, early stimulation of neonatal immunity via the innate arm of the immune system can induce partial protection and increased antibody responses against EHV-1.
Software release planning with time-dependent value functions and flexible release dates (2007)

Release planning is of key importance for incremental software product development. In conjunction with the value and the effort needed to implement features, decisions need to be made as to which features are offered in which releases. The value of features can vary over time depending on market conditions, competition, contractual constraints, and other concerns. Release dates and the specific features placed in releases need to be determined in a way that maximizes the overall value related to the investments made.

The main contributions of the paper are (i) the formulation of value-driven release planning where we allow time time-dependent value functions to express the value of features potentially assigned to releases, (ii) time-dependent functions expressing the resource capacities needed for implementing features, (iii) a solution method using genetic algorithms to determine release plans allowing variation of the release dates within a pre-defined interval of feasibility, and (iv) providing a proof-of-concept for the proposed approach by running a case study.
Effect of Tetragonality on The Capacitance Aging of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Ni Internal Electrodes. (1997)

Effect of tetragonality on the capacitance aging under dc field has been studied. BaTiO3-based dielectrics with X7R characteristics and Y5V characteristicsfor multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with Ni internal electrodes havebeen used for this study. Capacitance change strongly depends on grain sizeand temperature. It is supported that these factors affect tetragonality, and the change of tetragonality causes variation of capacitance change. New equationfor capacitance aging is proposed considering the effect of particle volume, temperature, dc electric field and tetragonality. Effect of internal stress of MLCCs is also discussed. Capacitance change is also a function of internalstress.
Method of improving sound quality and image formation apparatus (2003)

A method of improving the quality of sounds produced from a device provided with a mechanical drive mechanism and the like is provided. In this method, by using either one of or both of units for suppressing noise of a noise source produced in said device and of its transmission path, a discomfort index S of a sound obtained by inputting a value of loudness and a value of sharpness of psychological sound parameters obtained from a sound at a position apart by 1 meter from the exterior of said device into the following equation (a): S=0.01024269×(loudness value)2+0.30996744×(sharpness value)−2.1386517 (a) will satisfy the following condition (b): S<−0.3555 (b)
Assessment of air-to-air missile guidance and control technology (1989)

Current air-to-air missile guidance and control technology is assessed. Areas explored include target state estimation, advanced guidance laws, and bank-to-turn autopilots. The assumptions, benefits, and limitations of recent applications of nonlinear filtering, adaptive filtering, modern control, adaptive control, dual control, differential game theory, and modern control design techniques to the air-to-air missile problem are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Closing the performance gap between volatile and persistent key-value stores using cross-referencing logs (2018)

Key-Value (K-V) stores are an integral building block in modern datacenter applications. With byteaddressable persistent memory (PM) technologies, such as Intel/Micron's 3D XPoint, on the horizon, there has been an influx of new high performance K-V stores that leverage PM for performance. However, there remains a significant performance gap between PM optimized K-V stores and DRAM resident ones, largely reflecting the gap between projected PM latency relative to that of DRAM. We address that performance gap with Bullet, a K-V store that leverages both the byte-addressability of PM and the lower latency of DRAM, using a technique called cross-referencing logs (CRLs) to keep PM updates off the critical path. Bullet delivers performance approaching that of DRAM resident K-V stores by maintaining two hash tables, one in the slower (backend) PM and the other in the faster (frontend) DRAM. CRLs are a scalable persistent logging mechanism that keeps the two copies mutually consistent. Bullet also incorporates several critical optimizations, such as dynamic load balancing between frontend and backend threads, support for nonblocking Gets, and opportunistic omission of stale updates in the backend. This combination of implementation techniques delivers performance within 5% of that of DRAM-only key-value stores for realistic (read-heavy) workloads. Our general approach, based on CRLs, is "universal" in that it can be used to turn any volatile K-V store into a persistent one (or vice-versa, provide a fast cache for a persistent K-V store).
Use of an Sm-p80-Based Therapeutic Vaccine to Kill Established Adult Schistosome Parasites in Chronically Infected Baboons (2014)

No vaccines are available for human use for any parasitic infections, including the helminthic disease schistosomiasis. Sm-p80, the large subunit of Schistosoma mansoni calpain, is a leading antigen candidate for a schistosomiasis vaccine. Prophylactic and antifecundity efficacies of Sm-p80 have been tested using a variety of vaccine approaches in both rodent and nonhuman primate models. However, the therapeutic efficacy of a Sm-p80–based vaccine had not been determined. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Sm-p80 by using 2 different strategies and 3 Sm-p80–based vaccine formulations in baboons. Vaccine formulations were able to decrease established adult worms by 10%–36%, reduce retention of eggs in tissues by 10%–57%, and decrease egg excretion in feces by 13%–33%, compared with control formulations. Marked differences were observed in B and T cell immune correlates between vaccinated and control animals. This is the first report of killing of established adult schistosome worms by a vaccine. In addition to distinct prophylactic efficacy of Sm-p80, this study adds to the evidence that Sm-p80 is a potentially important antigen with both substantial prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies. These data reinforce that Sm-p80 should be moved forward along the path toward human clinical trials.
A RAIL-TO-RAIL BUFFER AMPLIFIER FOR LCD DRIVER (2011)

A high-speed low-power rail-to-rail buffer amplifier, which is suitable for liquid crystal display driver applications, is proposed. An offset voltage is intentionally built in the second stage to cut off the transistors of last stage from the output node in the stable state and hence achieve low dc power consumption. The input referred offset voltage due to the built-in offset is very small. The buffer draws little current while static but has a large driving capability while transient. An experimental prototype buffer amplifier implemented in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology demonstrates that the circuit can operate under a wide power supply range. Quiescent current of 5 μA is measured. The buffer exhibits the settling time of 1.5 μs for a voltage swing of 0.1 ~ (VDD – 0.1) V under a 600 pF capacitance load. The area of this buffer is 30 × 98 μm 2 . The measured data show that the proposed output buffer amplifier is very suitable for LCD driver applications.
Abstract 3658: Dendritic cells dictate the responsiveness of PD-L1 blockade in cancer (2017)

Abstract Recent advances in cancer immunotherapies with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade have transformed the way that cancer is being treated, leading to durable responses and prolonged overall survival. The general thinking is that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reinvigorates tumor-infiltrating PD-1+ T cells with exhausted phenotypes. However, a mechanistic understanding on why only a subset of patients (10-30%) responds to checkpoint inhibition remains largely unknown, as does the exact immune mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here, we discovered that PD-L1 blockade mediates anti-tumor immunity via dendritic cells. In human blood, in vitro and ex vivo dendritic cells (DCs) express both PD-1 and PD-L1, and an activation signal via TLR agonists triggers downregulation of PD-1 to empower the T cell stimulatory capability of DCs. In contrast, tolerogenic DCs remain PD-1 positive, correlating to T cell-unresponsiveness. Anti-PD-L1 Ab directly induces maturation of DCs and renders them capable of stimulating T cell proliferation. Similarly, anti-PD-L1 Ab treatment in tumor-bearing mice induces massive infiltration and activation of CD11c+ DCs in the spleen and draining lymph node, indicating that PD-1 is a negative regulator in DCs. Furthermore, ablation of DCs prior to anti-PD-L1 Ab treatment in an established MC38 tumor model in CD11c-DTR mice suggests a crucial role of DCs in mediating response to PD-L1 treatment. In support of the preclinical evidence that DCs are the primary target of anti-PD-L1 Ab, we analyzed RNA-seq data from tumor biopsies at baseline in patients with renal cell carcinoma prior to treatment with atezolizumab and found that the abundance of genes related to cross-presenting DC subsets (such as XCR1) correlates with a survival advantage in response to atezolizumab (HR=0.13, median OS is 16.2 months in patients with DC gene score &lt;50% versus NR (not reached) in those &gt;50%). In conclusion, we discovered abundance of tumor-infiltrating DCs as a novel biomarker that can predict the clinical response of PD-L1 blockade. We postulate that checkpoint inhibition directly on tumor-infiltrating DCs likely contributes to amplification of Ag-specific priming of tumor-specific T cells. Citation Format: Maud Mayoux, Marieke F. Fransen, Andreas Roller, Ines Matos, Vesna Pulko, Vaios Karanikas, Pablo Umana, Christian Klein, Ferry A. Ossendorp, Wei Xu. Dendritic cells dictate the responsiveness of PD-L1 blockade in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3658
Decoding issues in the ACTV system (1988)

The advanced compatible television (ACTV) system is a proposal for the single-channel transmission of widescreen enhanced-definition television (EDTV) images. A widescreen high-definition source is encoded into a signal that is NTSC-compatible. Existing NTSC receivers display a selected 4:3 portion of the widescreen image with standard NTSC resolution. A new widescreen receiver is proposed, tuned to the same 6 MHz RF channel, that displays a widescreen image with a resolution in excess of 400 lines/picture height in both spatial dimensions. The encoding process is reviewed and the recovery of various signal components to produce the widescreen image in the ACTV receiver is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-Channel Fiber-Based Source of Polarization Entangled Photons with Integrated Alignment Signal (2009)

We describe a fiber source of polarization entangled photons entirely constructed with fiber-coupled commercial components. A built-in alignment signal allows systematic setting of downstream measurement basis. Entanglement is measured at several signal-idler channels simultaneously.
Modeling of Interconnect Dielectric Lifetime Under Stress Conditions and New Extrapolation Methodologies for Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (2007)

Advanced microelectronics interconnect systems can have metal leads several hundred meters long with minimum metal to metal spacing of <100nm. The low-k dielectric between adjacent metal lines has a lower dielectric breakdown strength compared to gate oxides. Accelerated testing of the interconnect time-dependent dielectrics breakdown (TDDB) is required during the development of new technology nodes, to ensure the reliability of these systems. This paper presents simulations that show how actual line-to-line spacing variations influence test results such that they can predict too low product lifetime. In fact, it is argued here that one can adhere to a conservative model for the lifetime dependence on the electric field (such as the is-model) and still pass stringent reliability requirements if the accelerated breakdown test results distributions are interpreted correctly.
Manipulation of Video Eye Gaze and Head Orientation for Video Teleconferencing (1999)

Many desktop videoconferencing systems are ineffective due to deficiencies in gaze awareness and sense of spatial relationship. Gaze awareness and spatial relationships can be restored by software if heads and eyes can be tracked in video, and then graphically manipulated. We discuss graphics algorithms for manipulating eye gaze and head orientation. Our system takes video input annotated with head and eye information and outputs an adjusted video with appropriate gaze and head orientation. Initial results demonstrate the viability and usefulness of such a system. 1 Introduction For over 50 years we have been hearing that video conferencing is about to become ubiquitous. The experience, however, is that most people question its usefulness [Chap72, Gale89]---we could easily write a primer on &quot;How to fail at video-conferencing&quot;. It would include tips like: 1. Have long audio latencies and poor audio quality. 2. Make sure no-one else has compatible equipment. 3. Make it much harder to ...
Synthesis of HIV-Maturation Inhibitor BMS-955176 from Betulin by an Enabling Oxidation Strategy (2017)

A concise and scalable second generation synthesis of HIV maturation inhibitor BMS-955176 is described. The synthesis is framed by an oxidation strategy highlighted by a Cu<sup>I</sup> mediated aerobic oxidation of betulin, a highly selective PIFA mediated dehydrogenation of an oxime, and a subsequent Lossen rearrangement which occurs through a unique reaction mechanism for the installation of the C17 amino functionality. The synthetic route proceeds in 7 steps with 47% overall yield and begins from the abundant and inexpensive natural product betulin.
Light Footprint Driving Behaviour Classification (2019)

Automatic classification of driving behaviour from data collected by vehicle sensors is a widely studied problem in the intelligent transportation community. Most papers on this subject assume that, when classification is performed for a driving segment, complete data from all sensors at their maximum frequency is available for that segment. However, if classification is not performed in the vehicle, such data need to be transferred to a server and stored for later use, leading to significant costs if several millions of vehicles are involved, as for fleet management services. For this reason, in this paper we consider the problem of classifying driver behaviour minimizing the amount of information used (light footprint driving behaviour classification). We propose a machine learning-based feature selection approach that allows us to retain small sets of uncorrelated features with maximal importance in the classification task. We test our methodology on the UAH DriveSet, proving its ability in obtaining good classification results using as few as three features.
Vibrotactile perception thresholds: The tactile equivalent of audiometry (2001)

NRC publication: Yes
The Effect of NATs on P2PSIP Overlay Architecture (2007)

This paper explains the problems created by Network Address
Translators (NATs) in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlays and recommends some
NAT traversal techniques appropriate for P2PSIP networks. Two P2PSIP
overlay architectures that accommodate the presence of NATs are
described and analyzed. The first is the super-peer scheme used in a
number of p2p file-sharing systems today. The second is a scheme where
all peers play an equal role in the overlay.