gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error Handling of In-vehicle Networks Makes Them Vulnerable (2016)

Contemporary vehicles are getting equipped with an increasing number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and wireless connectivities. Although these have enhanced vehicle safety and efficiency, they are accompanied with new vulnerabilities. In this paper, we unveil a new important vulnerability applicable to several in-vehicle networks including Control Area Network (CAN), the de facto standard in-vehicle network protocol. Specifically, we propose a new type of Denial-of-Service (DoS), called the bus-off attack, which exploits the error-handling scheme of in-vehicle networks to disconnect or shut down good/uncompromised ECUs. This is an important attack that must be thwarted, since the attack, once an ECU is compromised, is easy to be mounted on safety-critical ECUs while its prevention is very difficult. In addition to the discovery of this new vulnerability, we analyze its feasibility using actual in-vehicle network traffic, and demonstrate the attack on a CAN bus prototype as well as on two real vehicles. Based on our analysis and experimental results, we also propose and evaluate a mechanism to detect and prevent the bus-off attack.
Hydrogen production from dimethyl ether (DME) (2010)

Dimethyl ether (DME) is expected as one of clean fuels, and DME is one of substitutes of diesel fuels and LPG. Infrastructures of LPG will be able to use for DME. Therefore, we have been studying on DME steam reforming for hydrogen production. Copper alumina catalysts prepared by a sol-gel method produced large quantities of H2 and CO2 with DME steam reforming at 300 °C. Other metal alumina catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method produced H2 and CO2, but also produced large quantities of CO. Our studies showed that copper is the best metal for the production of H2 while producing less CO. γ-alumina for DME hydrolysis into methanol, and copper for methanol steam reforming into H2 and CO2 co-exist on the surfaces of catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method, and the catalysts produce more amount of H2 from DME than impregnation catalysts, mixed catalysts, and so on. We have developed a great potential for H2 supply from DME.
<title>Concentration, size, and excitation power effects on fluorescence from microdroplets and microparticles containing tryptophan and bacteria</title> (1999)

Our group has been developing a system for single-particle fluorescence detection of aerosolized agents. This paper describes the most recent steps in the evolution of this system. The effects of fluorophore concentrations, droplet size, and excitation power have also been investigated with microdroplets containing tryptophan in water to determine the effects of these parameters on our previous results. The vibrating orifice droplet generator was chosen for this study base don its ability to generate particles of well- known and reproducible size. The power levels required to reach saturation and photodegradation were determined. In addition, the collection of fluorescence emission was optimized through the use of a UV achromatic photographic lens. This arrangement permitted collection of images of the droplet stream. Finally, the use of a dual-beam, conditional firing scheme facilitated the collection of improved signal- to-noise single-shot spectra from individual biological particles.
Airplane-Runway-Performance Monitoring System (1988)

The invention is a real-time takeoff and landing performance monitoring system for an aircraft which provides a pilot with graphic and metric information to assist in decisions related to achieving rotation speed within the safe zone of a runway, or stopping the aircraft on the runway after landing or takeoff abort. By comparing the present performance of the aircraft with a predicted nominal performance based upon given conditions, performance deficiencies are detected by the system. The system provides a head-down display and a head-up display. The head-up display is projected onto a partially reflective transparent surface through which the pilot views the runway. Hence, the system supplies the pilot with critical status information while allowing the pilot to continue to view the runway.
File routing middleware for cloud deduplication (2012)

Deduplication technology is maturing and becoming a standard feature of most storage architectures. Many approaches have been proposed to address the deduplication scalability challenges of privately owned storage infrastructure, but as storage is moving to the cloud, deduplication mechanisms are expected to scale to thousands of storage nodes. Currently available solutions were not designed to handle such large scale, while research and practical experience suggests that aiming for global deduplication among thousands of nodes will, almost certainly, lead to high complexity, reduced performance and reduced reliability. Instead, we propose the idea of performing local deduplication operations within each cloud node, and introduce file similarity metrics to determine which node is the best deduplication host for a particular incoming file. This approach reduces the problem of scalable cloud deduplication to a file routing problem, which we can address using a software layer capable of making the necessary routing decisions. Using the proposed file routing middleware layer the system can achieve three important properties: scale to thousands of nodes, support almost any type of underlying storage node, and make the most of file-level deduplication.
A Method for Severely Constrained Item Selection in Adaptive Testing (1993)

Previous attempts at incorporating expert test construction practices into computerized adaptive testing paradigms are described. A new method is presented for incorporating a large number of con straints on adaptive item selection. The meth odology emulates the test construction practices of expert test specialists, which is a necessity if com puterized adaptive testing is to compete with con ventional tests. Two examples—one for a verbal measure and the other for a quantitative measure— are provided of the successful use of the proposed method in designing adaptive tests.
Cross-Linking Aromatic Polymers With Ionizing Radiation (1987)

Resistance to heat and solvents increased. Certain aromatic polymers containing radiation-sensitive methylene groups cross-linked through methylene groups upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Cross-linked polymers resistant to most organic solvents and generally more resistant to high temperatures, with less tendency to creep under load. No significant embrittlement of parts fabricated from these polymers when degree of cross-linking, as controlled by irradiation dose, kept at moderate level.
Aerodynamic Parameter Prediction via Artificial Hair Sensors with Signal Power in Turbulent Flow (2019)

Spatiotemporal surface flow information obtained from distributed arrays of bioinspired hair sensors are capable of predicting the real-time aerodynamic parameters (i.e., lift, moment, angle of attack, and freestream velocity) on a representative wing section. When combined with an appropriate model of the system, these sensors can provide vital information about gust disturbance as well as state estimation of an aeroelastic system, both of which are essential for effective vibration suppression control system design. In a typical aeroelastic system undergoing a periodic change in bending and torsion motion, a number of hair sensors can be in turbulent flow regions at any instant, resulting in random vibration response. This paper specifically investigates the effect in aerodynamic parameter prediction when sensor measurements from both laminar and turbulent flow regions are combined. It also investigates the idea of incorporating the sensor signal power along with sensor information to increase the prediction accuracy in such a scenario. The experimental results show that incorporating sensor response from both laminar and turbulent flow regions improves the prediction for the whole operating region containing both positive and negative angle of attack. Moreover, incorporating the signal power further improves the prediction accuracy and precision.
Introduction of the Six Major Genomic Deletions of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) into the Parental Vaccinia Virus Is Not Sufficient To Reproduce an MVA-Like Phenotype in Cell Culture and in Mice (2010)

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has a highly restricted host range in cell culture and is apathogenic in vivo. MVA was derived from the parental chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA) by more than 570 passages in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. During CEF cell passaging, six major deletions comprising 24,668 nucleotides occurred in the CVA genome. We have cloned both the MVA and the parental CVA genome as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and have sequentially introduced the six major MVA deletions into the cloned CVA genome. Reconstituted mutant CVA viruses containing up to six major MVA deletions showed no detectable replication restriction in 12 of 14 mammalian cell lines tested; the exceptions were rabbit cell lines RK13 and SIRC. In mice, CVA mutants with up to three deletions showed slightly enhanced virulence, suggesting that gene deletion in replicating vaccinia virus (VACV) can result in gain of fitness in vivo. CVA mutants containing five or all six deletions were still pathogenic, with a moderate degree of attenuation. Deletion V was mainly responsible for the attenuated phenotype of these mutants. In conclusion, loss or truncation of all 31 open reading frames in the six major deletions is not sufficient to reproduce the specific MVA phenotype of strong attenuation and highly restricted host range. Mutations in viral genes outside or in association with the six major deletions appear to contribute significantly to this phenotype. Host range restriction and avirulence of MVA are most likely a cooperative effect of gene deletions and mutations involving the major deletions.
Utility Maximization in Peer-to-Peer Systems With Applications to Video Conferencing (2012)

In this paper, we study the problem of utility maximization in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, in which aggregate application-specific utilities are maximized by running distributed algorithms on P2P nodes, which are constrained by their uplink capacities. For certain P2P topologies, we show that routing along a linear number of trees per source can achieve the largest rate region that can be possibly obtained by intrasession and intersession network coding. This observation allows us to develop a simple multitree formulation for the problem. For the resulting nonstrictly concave optimization problem, we develop a Primal-dual distributed algorithm and prove its global convergence using our proposed sufficient conditions. These conditions are general and add understanding to the convergence of primal-dual algorithms under nonstrictly concave settings. We implement the proposed distributed algorithm in a peer-assisted multiparty conferencing system by utilizing only end-to-end delay measurements between P2P nodes. We demonstrate its superior performance through actual experiments on a LAN testbed and the Internet.
Spatially resolved equalization and decision feedback equalization for multimode fiber links (2003)

The increased deployment of gigabit Ethernet (GbE) optical LANs will be followed by the use of 10 gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) of server farm, campus backbone, inter campus links and storage networks. While 10GbE standard includes use of single-mode fiber (SMF), numerous fiber links in such networks will demand the cost-effectiveness of multimode fiber (MMF). However, just as with SMF, dispersion in MMF can severely limit the link distance. Specifically, the different propagation velocities of the distinct optical modes in MMF lead to large differential mode delay (DMD) that typically overwhelms the chromatic dispersion. For speeds approaching 10-Gbps, MMF is limited to distances ranging up to tens of meters. Moreover, in contrast to typical dispersion in singlemode fiber, DMD can vary dramatically from fiber to fiber, and even launch condition. Consequently, to compensate for dispersion in MMF, a dynamic compensation or a technique that is independent of channel response must be used. We present results of work that implement a combination of both approaches that compensates for DMD in multimode fiber links, in an efficient and robust manner.
Reusable Hybrid Propellant Modules for Outer-Space Transport (2005)

A report summarizes the concept of reusable hybrid propellant modules (HPMs), which would be used in outer space for long-term cryogenic storage of liquefied spacecraft-propellant gases, including for example, oxygen and hydrogen for combustion-based chemical rocket engines and xenon for electric thrusters. The HPM concept would provide the fundamental building block for an efficient, reusable in-space transportation system for both crewed and uncrewed missions. Each HPM would be equipped to implement an advanced zero-boil-off method of managing cryogenic fluids, and would include a fluid-transfer interface comprising standardized fittings that would be compatible with fittings on all supply facilities and on spacecraft to be supplied. The HPM, combined with a chemical or electric orbital transfer spacecraft, would provide an integrated propulsion system. HPMs would supply chemical propellant for time-critical transfers such as crewed missions, and utilize the more efficient electric-propulsion transfer vehicles to transport filled HPMs to the destinations and to return empty HPMs back to near-Earth orbits or other intermediate locations for replenishment and reuse. The HPM prepositioned using electric propulsion would provide the chemical propellant for the crew s return trip in a much more efficient manner than a chemical-only approach. The propellants to fill the HPMs would be delivered from the Earth or other initial supply locations to the intermediate locations by use of automated, compatible spacecraft designed specifically for that purpose. Additionally, multiple HPMs could be aggregated and positioned in orbits and on planets, moons, and asteroids to supply fluids to orbiting and interplanetary spacecraft.
A supervised ‘lesion-enhancement’ filter by use of a massive-training artificial neural network (MTANN) in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) (2009)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has been an active area of study in medical image analysis. A filter for the enhancement of lesions plays an important role for improving the sensitivity and specificity in CAD schemes. The filter enhances objects similar to a model employed in the filter; e.g. a blob-enhancement filter based on the Hessian matrix enhances sphere-like objects. Actual lesions, however, often differ from a simple model; e.g. a lung nodule is generally modeled as a solid sphere, but there are nodules of various shapes and with internal inhomogeneities such as a nodule with spiculations and ground-glass opacity. Thus, conventional filters often fail to enhance actual lesions. Our purpose in this study was to develop a supervised filter for the enhancement of actual lesions (as opposed to a lesion model) by use of a massive-training artificial neural network (MTANN) in a CAD scheme for detection of lung nodules in CT. The MTANN filter was trained with actual nodules in CT images to enhance actual patterns of nodules. By use of the MTANN filter, the sensitivity and specificity of our CAD scheme were improved substantially. With a database of 69 lung cancers, nodule candidate detection by the MTANN filter achieved a 97% sensitivity with 6.7 false positives (FPs) per section, whereas nodule candidate detection by a difference-image technique achieved a 96% sensitivity with 19.3 FPs per section. Classification-MTANNs were applied for further reduction of the FPs. The classification-MTANNs removed 60% of the FPs with a loss of one true positive; thus, it achieved a 96% sensitivity with 2.7 FPs per section. Overall, with our CAD scheme based on the MTANN filter and classification-MTANNs, an 84% sensitivity with 0.5 FPs per section was achieved.
Adaptive Cache Compression for High-Performance Processors (2004)

Modern processors use two or more levels ofcache memories to bridge the rising disparity betweenprocessor and memory speeds. Compression canimprove cache performance by increasing effectivecache capacity and eliminating misses. However,decompressing cache lines also increases cache accesslatency, potentially degrading performance.In this paper, we develop an adaptive policy thatdynamically adapts to the costs and benefits of cachecompression. We propose a two-level cache hierarchywhere the L1 cache holds uncompressed data and the L2cache dynamically selects between compressed anduncompressed storage. The L2 cache is 8-way set-associativewith LRU replacement, where each set can storeup to eight compressed lines but has space for only fouruncompressed lines. On each L2 reference, the LRUstack depth and compressed size determine whethercompression (could have) eliminated a miss or incurs anunnecessary decompression overhead. Based on thisoutcome, the adaptive policy updates a single globalsaturating counter, which predicts whether to allocatelines in compressed or uncompressed form.We evaluate adaptive cache compression usingfull-system simulation and a range of benchmarks. Weshow that compression can improve performance formemory-intensive commercial workloads by up to 17%.However, always using compression hurts performancefor low-miss-rate benchmarks-due to unnecessarydecompression overhead-degrading performance byup to 18%. By dynamically monitoring workload behavior,the adaptive policy achieves comparable benefitsfrom compression, while never degrading performanceby more than 0.4%.
Crystal structure of a strontium–tantalum and a magnesium–niobium heterometal alkoxide: precursors for the MOCVD of ferroelectric oxides (2001)

The heterometal alkoxides Sr[Ta(OPri)6]2·2PriOH 1 and Mg[Nb(OEt)6]2·2EtOH 2 have been structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is a precursor for the deposition of strontium bismuth tantalate (SrBi2Ta2O9) by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), whilst 2 is a potential precursor for the MOCVD of lead magnesium niobate [Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.66)O3]. In this paper it is shown how the presence of Pb(thd)2 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) significantly influences the deposition chemistry of 2. In the absence of Pb(thd)2 and at low substrate temperatures (ca. 425 °C) the Mg∶Nb ratio in the oxide film grown from 2 is close to 1∶2, whereas at higher substrate temperatures (600 °C) the films are magnesium deficient, indicating partial decomposition of 2. However, in the presence of Pb(thd)2 films grown from 2 at low temperature (425–500 °C) contain no detectable Mg whilst the 1∶2 Mg∶Nb ratio, required in Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.66)O3, is now obtained at higher substrate temperatures (600 °C). This is attributed to the formation of a thermally stable Mg β-diketonate species via a gas-phase ligand exchange reaction between Pb(thd)2 and 2.
Efficient odd straight medium chain free fatty acid production by metabolically engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2014)

ABSTRACT Free fatty acids (FFAs) can be used as precursors for the production of biofuels or chemicals. Different composition of FFAs will be useful for further modification of the biofuel/biochemical quality. Microbial biosynthesis of even chain FFAs can be achieved by introducing an acyl‐acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene into E . coli . In this study, odd straight medium chain FFAs production was investigated by using metabolic engineered E . coli carrying acyl‐ACP thioesterase (TE, Ricinus communis ), propionyl‐CoA synthase ( Salmonella enterica ), and β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase III (four different sources) with supplement of extracellular propionate. By using these metabolically engineered E. coli , significant quantity of C13 and C15 odd straight‐chain FFAs could be produced from glucose and propionate. The highest concentration of total odd straight chain FFAs attained was 1205 mg/L by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE2), and 85% of the odd straight chain FFAs was C15. However, the highest percentage of odd straight chain FFAs was achieved by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE3) of 83.2% at 48 h. This strategy was also applied successfully in strains carrying different TE, such as the medium length acyl‐ACP thioesterase gene from Umbellularia californica . C11 and C13 became the major odd straight‐chain FFAs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2209–2219. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low-Complexity Single-Stage Frequency-Domain Equalizer (2021)

We propose a low-complexity single-stage frequency-domain equalizer (FDEQ) using one adaptive equalizer to compensate both static and dynamic impairments. The proposed approach reduces complexity by 33% without performance degradation.
Capturability-based analysis and control of legged locomotion, Part 1: Theory and application to three simple gait models (2012)

This two-part paper discusses the analysis and control of legged locomotion in terms of N-step capturability: the ability of a legged system to come to a stop without falling by taking N or fewer steps. We consider this ability to be crucial to legged locomotion and a useful, yet not overly restrictive criterion for stability. In this part (Part 1), we introduce a theoretical framework for assessing N-step capturability. This framework is used to analyze three simple models of legged locomotion. All three models are based on the 3D Linear Inverted Pendulum Model. The first model relies solely on a point foot step location to maintain balance, the second model adds a finite-sized foot, and the third model enables the use of centroidal angular momentum by adding a reaction mass. We analyze how these mechanisms influence N-step capturability, for any N > 0. Part 2 will show that these results can be used to control a humanoid robot.
Alginate encapsulation and hepatic differentiation of embryonic stem cells (2005)

The emergence of cell based clinical technologies has been limited by the need for large cell masses (>10/sup 11/ cells). Embryonic stem cells are a promising solution to this cell source limitation because they are highly proliferative, renewable and pluripotent. Although many investigators have described techniques to effectively differentiate stem cells into a variety of mature cell lineages, these fall short in a number of ways including: 1) low yields of fully differentiated cells, 2) absence of large scale processing considerations and 3) ineffective downstream enrichment. Thus, a tissue culture microenvironment is required that may be modified to increase regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation, and scaled to increase differentiated cell yield. Microencapsulation provides a vehicle for the discrete control of key cell culture parameters such as cell seeding density, rigidity, and substrate surface microarchitecture. In order to assess the feasibility of directing stem cell differentiation via microenvironment regulation, we have developed a murine embryonic stem cell (ES) alginate poly-L-lysine microencapsulation differentiation system. Our results indicate that the alginate microenvironment is biocompatible, is conductive to ES cell differentiation, and maintains differentiated cellular function. In addition, changes in alginate concentration and cell seeding density have proven effective in modulating differentiation as well as mature hepatic function.
Multiple platelet-rich plasma preparations can solubilize freeze-dried chitosan formulations to form injectable implants for orthopedic indications (2019)

In vitro performance of the CS-PRP formulations was comparable for all types of PRPs assessed.