gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is required for basal neurogenesis and mediates, in part, the enhancement of neurogenesis by dietary restriction in the hippocampus of adult mice (2002)

To determine the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis resulting from dietary restriction (DR), heterozygous BDNF knockout (BDNF +/-) mice and wild-type mice were maintained for 3 months on DR or ad libitum (AL) diets. Mice were then injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and killed either 1 day or 4 weeks later. Levels of BDNF protein in neurons throughout the hippocampus were decreased in BDNF +/- mice, but were increased by DR in wild-type mice and to a lesser amount in BDNF +/- mice. One day after BrdU injection the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly decreased in BDNF +/- mice maintained on the AL diet, suggesting that BDNF signaling is important for proliferation of neural stem cells. DR had no effect on the proliferation of neural stem cells in wild-type or BDNF +/- mice. Four weeks after BrdU injection, numbers of surviving labeled cells were decreased in BDNF +/- mice maintained on either AL or DR diets. DR significantly improved survival of newly generated cells in wild-type mice, and also improved their survival in BDNF +/- mice, albeit to a lesser extent. The majority of BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus exhibited a neuronal phenotype at the 4-week time point. The reduced neurogenesis in BDNF +/- mice was associated with a significant reduction in the volume of the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of the basal level of neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of adult mice, and that by promoting the survival of newly generated neurons BDNF contributes to the enhancement of neurogenesis induced by DR.
Vegetable oil fuel standards (1982)

Suggested standards for vegetable oils and ester fuels, as well as ASTM specifications for No. 2 diesel oil are given. The following physical properties were discussed: cetane number, cloud point, distillation temperatures, flash point, pour point, turbidity, viscosity, free fatty acids, iodine value, phosphorus, and wax. It was apparent that vegetable oils and their esters cannot meet ASTM specifications D975 for No. 2 diesel oil for use in the diesel engine. Vegetable oil modification or engine design modification may make it possible eventually for vegetable oils to become suitable alternative fuels. Vegetable oils must be recognized as experimental fuels until modifications have been tested thoroughly and generally accepted. 1 table. (DP)
Strong-coupling cavity QED using rare-earth-metal-ion dopants in monolithic resonators: What you can do with a weak oscillator (2009)

We investigate the possibility of achieving the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics using rare-earth-metal-ions as impurities in monolithic optical resonators. We conclude that due to the weak oscillator strengths of the rare-earth-metals, it may be possible but difficult to reach the regime where the single photon Rabi frequency is large compared to both the cavity and atom decay rates. However, reaching the regime where the saturation photon and atom numbers are less than one should be much more achievable. We show that in this ``bad cavity'' regime, transfer of quantum states and an optical phase shift conditional on the state of the atom is still possible and suggest a method for coherent detection of single dopants.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> ( <i>Mtb</i> ) isocitrate dehydrogenases show strong B cell response and distinguish vaccinated controls from TB patients (2004)

Proteins released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during late logarithmic growth phase are often considered candidate components of immunogenic or autolysis markers. One such protein is isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), a key regulatory enzyme in the citric acid cycle. We have evaluated the immunogenic properties of two isoforms of Mtb ICD and compared them with the control antigens heat-shock protein 60 and purified protein derivative (PPD). PPD lacks the sensitivity to distinguish between bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated and tuberculosis (TB)-infected populations, and, therefore, epidemiological relevance of PPD in BCG-vaccinated regions is debatable. We show that Mtb ICDs elicit a strong B cell response in TB-infected populations and can differentiate between healthy BCG-vaccinated populations and those with TB. The study population (n = 215) was categorized into different groups, namely, patients with fresh infection (n = 42), relapsed TB cases (n = 32), patients with extrapulmonary TB (n = 35), clinically healthy donors (n = 44), nontuberculous mycobacteria patients (n = 30), and non-TB patients (culture negative for acid-fast bacteria but carrying other infections, n = 32). The Mtb ICDs showed statistically significant antigenic distinction between healthy BCG-vaccinated controls and TB patients (P < 0.0001) and those with other infections. Although extrapulmonary infections could not be discriminated from healthy controls by heat-shock protein 60 (P = 0.2177), interestingly, the Mtb ICDs could significantly (P < 0.0001) do so. Our results highlight the immunodominant, immunosensitive, and immunospecific nature of Mtb ICDs and point to an unusual property of this tricarboxylic acid energy cycle enzyme.
EFFECTS OF GROWTH FACTORS ON HEMATOPOIETIC CELL GROWTH IN IN VITRO BONE MARROW CELL CULTURES USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATRIX SCAFFOLD (2000)

The effects of growth factors (GFs) on hematopoietic cell growth in in vitro bone marrow (BM) cell cultures using three-dimensional (3-D) matrix scaffold of porous polyvinyl formal (PVF) resin were examined. Mouse BM cells (2 ± 107 cells) were inoculated and cultured in a 3-D culture substrate made of PVF (15 mm in diameter, 2 mm in thickness, 130 μm pore size). Monolayer dish cultures were simultaneously performed as controls. The BM cells were cultured for 2 weeks in an alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 10% horse serum as a basic medium. In the experimental group, GFs; i.e., erythropoietin, stem cell factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and IL-6 were added to the basic medium. The cell proliferation was measured by the trypan blue staining and MTT assay methods. The activities of hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells in all groups were determined by the colony assay. The PVF and dish cultures in the medium supplemented with GFs showed more than 1.7 times higher cell proliferation than the cultures without GFs (51.7±1.5 ± 106 vs. 28.2±1.8 ± 106 cells/PVF and 31.5±1.9 ± 106 vs. 18.0±2.6 ± 106 cells/dish) (n=3), respectively. Moreover, the PVF cultures revealed an enhanced cell proliferation of 1.5 times higher than that of the dish cultures. From the colony assay experiments, it was found that the PVF cultures with GFs exhibited more than 50% of the colony forming units (CFU) than the dish cultures with GFs (n=3). In conclusion, the 3-D PVF cultures in medium supplemented with GFs showed an enhanced cell proliferation ability and maintained a large amount of progenitor cells as compared with the monolayer dish cultures with GFs. Thus, this culture system is expected to be a potential alternative way for ex vivo expansion of the hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells to be used for the BM transplantation and gene therapy.
Estimation of Hydrocarbon Viscosity With Multiple-<i>†e</i>, Dual-<i>†w</i>MRIL Logs (2000)

Summary We report a case study of using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) multiple-te, dual wait-time (tw) log acquisitions for quantitative characterization of San Jorge Basin reservoir oil viscosity. Previously, dual-tw logs have been used to discern gas and oil from water, while dual-te logs have been used as a qualitative light oil indicator. Although theoretically simple, quantitative determination of viscosity from dual-te logs is complicated by several factors, including poor signal-to-noise ratio, difficulties in separating oil from water, and the uncertainty of internal gradient strength. In the present study, multiple-te acquisitions of dual-tw logs were used to isolate the oil from the water signal. The values of viscosity of the reservoir fluids can be estimated from either intrinsic T2 or T1. In estimation of the apparent T2, we used a model that does not explicitly require knowledge of the internal gradient, thereby minimizing the effects arising from the uncertainty of the internal and tool gradient strengths. Because Tj and intrinsic T2 are estimated independently, the degree of agreement between the two values provides an indication of the reliability of the two estimates. The main example in the study of four pay zones was thought to contain viscous oil. However, our analysis indicated that the viscosity values of the oil are less than 5 cP. The predictions have been substantiated by production of light hydrocarbons from the three zones that have been perforated. Further, a good agreement is obtained for the viscosity estimates based on NMR log data and laboratory pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis.
Ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribals of Sudi Konda Forest, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh to cure women problems (2012)

The paper deals with 27 plant species belonging to 25 genera of 20 families to cure women problems prevalent among the tribals of Sudi konda forest area of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh are reported along with local name, methods of administration and prescribed doses.
Straightforward synthesis of conductive graphene/polymer nanocomposites from graphite oxide (2011)

The reduction of graphite oxide (GO) in the presence of reactive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), under mild biphasic conditions, directly affords graphene grafted with PMMA. The resulting nanocomposite shows excellent electrical conductivities resulting from the optimal dispersion and exfoliation of graphene in the polymer matrix.
Functional roles of conserved amino acid residues surrounding the phosphorylatable histidine of the yeast phosphorelay protein YPD1 (2000)

The histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) protein YPD1 is an osmoregulatory protein in yeast that facilitates phosphoryl transfer between the two response regulator domains associated with SLN1 and SSK1. Based on the crystal structure of YPD1 and the sequence alignment of YPD1 with other HPt domains, we site-specifically engineered and purified several YPD1 mutants in order to examine the role of conserved residues surrounding the phosphorylatable histidine (H64). Substitution of the positively charged residues K67 and R90 destabilized the phospho-imidazole linkage, whereas substitution of G68 apparently reduces accessibility of H64. These findings, together with the effect of other mutations, provide biochemical support of the proposed functional roles of conserved amino acid residues of HPt domains.
French Island ruins: An archaeology of chicory production in Western Port, Victoria (2008)

Chicory was widely grown in Victoria's Western Port region from the 1870s to the 1960s. The roots of the plant were dried in kilns and used as an additive or substitute for coffee. While most production occurred on Phillip Island, there was also a substantial chicory industry on French Island for much of this period. Today there are about 30 chicory kilns remaining in the Western Port area, forming a distinctive element in the rural landscape. This paper describes the archaeology of the kilns on French Island, and the evidence they reveal about experimentation and adaptation to local conditions.
Variability of helium, neon, and argon in the lunar exosphere as observed by the LADEE NMS instrument (2015)

Abstract The Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) onboard the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) provided the first global characterization of He and Ar along with the discovery of Ne in the lunar exosphere. The mapping of the equatorial distribution of these noble gases revealed new selenographic and temporal variations. Helium was found to be controlled by the supply of solar wind alpha particles and by the presence of an endogenous source that supplies the exosphere at a rate of 1.9 × 10 23 atoms s −1 . Neon was detected over the nightside at levels comparable to He and was found to exhibit the spatial distribution of a surface accommodated noncondensable gas. The global measurements of NMS revealed the presence of a localized Ar enhancement that has never been identified before at the western maria. The variability resulting from this local enhancement is coupled to a more global but transient source.
Aliasing reduction method for color digital still cameras with a single-chip charge-coupled device (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Study of glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycled from postconsumer soft‐drink bottles. III. Further investigation (2003)

Abstract A modified glycolysis reaction of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles by ethylene glycol (EG) was investigated. Influences of the glycolysis temperature, the glycolysis time, and the amount of catalysts (per kg of recycled PET) were illustrated in this study. The manganese acetate was used as a glycolysis catalyst in this study. Bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) and its dimer were predominately glycolysis products. It was found the optimum glycolysis temperature is 190°C. And the best glycolysis condition is 190°C of glycolysis temperature, 1.5 h of glycolysis time, and 0.025 moles of manganese acetate based on per kg of recycled PET. If the best glycolysis condition is conducted, the glycolysis conversion may be as high as 100%. For a given reaction time (1.0 h), the ln(% glycolysis conversion) is linear to 1/ T (K −1 ) and the activation energy ( E ) of glycolysis reaction is around 92.175 kJ/(g mole). The glycolysis conversion rate increases significantly with increasing the glycolysis temperature, the glycolysis time, or the amount of manganese acetate (glycolysis catalyst). Thermal analyses of glycolysis products were examined by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). According to the definition of a 2 3 factorial experimental design, the sequence of the main effects on the glycolysis conversion of the recycled PET, in ascending order, is the glycolysis time (0.18) < the amount of catalyst per kg of the recycled PET (0.34) < the glycolysis temperature (0.40). Meanwhile, the prediction equation of glycolysis conversion from the result of a 2 3 factorial experimental design is Ŷ = 0.259+0.20 X 1 +0.09 X 2 +0.17 X 3 +0.06 X 1 X 2 +0.145 X 1 X 3 +0.05 X 2 X 3 +0.035 X 1 X 2 X 3 . © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2004–2010, 2003
An Integrated, Interactive Application Environment for Session-Oriented IPTV Systems, Enabling Shared User Experiences (2011)

Das Internet entwickelt sich derzeit zu einer Plattform für multimediale, hochauflösende Video- und Unterhaltungsdienste. Fernsehen über das Internetprotokoll, sog. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), ist bereits heute Bestandteil vieler Internetpakete. Dies beinhaltet sowohl klassische lineare TV-Inhalte, als auch Video-on-Demand–Angebote, kombiniert mit ersten interaktiven Diensten. Die derzeit verfügbaren Angebote für IPTV unterscheiden sich kaum von klassischen Digital-TV-Angeboten, da diese derzeit nur bedingt von dem über das Internet verfügbaren Rückkanal für interaktive Dienste Gebrauch machen. Im Gegensatz hierzu entwickeln sich im Internet neue und innovative Dienste, die vornehmlich unter dem Stichwort Social Media zusammengefasst werden. Eine Verschmelzung beider Ansätze erfolgt derzeit nur zögerlich, wobei der Kombination von Bewegtbild, Interaktivität, Kommunikationsdiensten und Sozialen Medien eine erfolgversprechende Zukunft vorausgesagt wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt einen solchen kombinierten Ansatz, mit dem der Nutzer und der Dienstanbieter in die Lage versetzt werden, kombinierte Mediendienste zu nutzen und bereitzustellen, sowie mit Kommunikationsdiensten anzureichern und zu beeinflussen. Die technische Basis bilden hierbei Konzepte, abgeleitet von sog. Next-Generation-Networks (NGNs) zur Bereitstellung von multimedialen Diensten über das Internetprotokoll. Das sog. Session-Initiation-Protokoll (SIP) stellt die entsprechenden Funktionalitäten zur Kontrolle und Signalisierung der Dienste bereit. Das im Rahmen der Arbeit entwickelte Kernsystem – der sog. Open IPTV Ecosystem Core – besteht weiterhin aus einer integrierten Laufzeitumgebung für interaktive Dienste, die aus existierenden Ansätzen abgeleitet und zu einem neuen und innovativen System erweitert wird. Die hierbei entwickelte Architektur spezifiziert funktionale Komponenten, Schnittstellen und Protokolle, die den oben beschriebenen Konsum und die Erstellung von interaktiven Inhalten, sowie die Interaktion mit anderen Nutzern und Diensten erlauben. Des Weiteren erfolgt die exemplarische Entwicklung von neuen interaktiven Diensten, sowie deren Validierung durch mehrere Fallstudien. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen der Tätigkeit des Autors als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Fraunhofer Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS) erstellt. Die Ergebnisse wurden hierbei im Rahmen mehrerer internationaler Forschungsprojekte erarbeitet und publiziert. Die Projekte wurden durch Partner aus der Industrie bzw. der Europäischen Kommission gefördert. Des Weiteren flossen Ergebnisse in offene Standards für interaktives IPTV der ETSI und des Open IPTV Forums (OIPF) ein.
Pure-Gas and Vapor Permeation and Sorption Properties of Poly[1-phenyl-2-[<i>p</i>-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene] (PTMSDPA) (2000)

The pure-gas permeation and sorption properties of poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene] [PTMSDPA] are presented and compared to those of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP], poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) [PMP], and poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) [PPP]. PTMSDPA is more permeable to large, condensable vapors (e.g., n-butane) than to small, permanent gases (e.g., hydrogen). Such behavior is also observed in PTMSP and PMP but not in PPP. PTMSDPA has lower fractional free volume (0.26) and gas permeabilities than PTMSP and PMP. However, relative to conventional glassy polymers, PTMSDPA is a highly permeable, high free volume, glassy material. For example, the oxygen permeability coefficient of PTMSDPA is 1200 × 10-10 cm3(STP)·cm/(cm2·s·cmHg) at 25 °C. As temperature increases, the permeability in PTMSDPA increases for light gases (helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen) and decreases for more condensable gases. In contrast, the permeabilities of PTMSP and PMP decrease with increasing temperature for both light gases and more condensable hydrocarbons. n-Butane and propane sorption isotherms for PTMSDPA are concave to the penetrant relative pressure axis, consistent with dual-mode sorption behavior. Hydrocarbon sorption levels decrease in the order PTMSP > PMP > PTMSDPA > PPP, in agreement with the ranking of the fractional free volumes of the materials.
Les hibiscus, tradition et modernité (2006)

Dans son mémoire 2005,Les Malvacées en Phytothérapie, l’auteur fait une revue des utilisations traditionnelles et des études les plus récentes portant sur la famille des Malvacées. Dans l’extrait ci-dessous, il résume les données concernant les plantes du genre Hibiscus. In his 2005 dissertation,Les Malvacées en-Phytothérapie (The Malvaceae in Phytotherapy), the author reviews the traditional uses and the most recent studies about the Malvaceae family. In the extract below, the author summarizes the data concerning plants of the Hibiscus genus.
Structure and function in galactosyltransferase. Sequence locations of alpha-lactalbumin binding site, thiol groups, and disulfide bond. (1991)

The region(s) of bovine galactosyltransferase that interacts with the lactose synthase regulatory protein alpha-lactalbumin was investigated using trace 3H acetylation to probe the effects of alpha-lactalbumin on the reactivities of the individual amino groups of galactosyltransferase. In the presence of Mn2+, alpha-lactalbumin was found to reduce the reactivities of lysines 93 and 181 and to increase the reactivities of one or more of lysines 230, 237, and 241. The addition of N-acetylglucosamine (20 mM), which enhances complex formation between the two proteins, did not significantly alter the pattern of perturbation. These results indicate that the NH2-terminal region of the catalytic domain of galactosyltransferase, and possibly part of the proline-rich "stem" region, is affected by the association with alpha-lactalbumin and is therefore implicated in the binding of acceptor substrates. In a separate study only cysteines 176, 266, and 342 of galactosyltransferase were found to react with [3H]iodoacetic acid under denaturing conditions. From their lack of reactivity it is deduced that the remaining two cysteines, residues 134 and 247, are joined in a disulfide linkage. From these results and those of a previous study of UDP-galactose binding (Yadav, S., and Brew, K. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14163-14169) it appears that the soluble form of galactosyltransferase is composed of two domains, the NH2-terminal 150 residues containing the Cys134-Cys247 disulfide bond, which functions in alpha-lactalbumin and acceptor binding, and the COOH-terminal region, which is involved in UDP-galactose binding.
Quantum Common Causes and Quantum Causal Models (2017)

Reichenbach's principle asserts that if two observed variables are found to be correlated, then there should be a causal explanation of these correlations. Furthermore, if the explanation is in terms of a common cause, then the conditional probability distribution over the variables given the complete common cause should factorize. The principle is generalized by the formalism of causal models, in which the causal relationships among variables constrain the form of their joint probability distribution. In the quantum case, however, the observed correlations in Bell experiments cannot be explained in the manner Reichenbach's principle would seem to demand. Motivated by this, we introduce a quantum counterpart to the principle. We demonstrate that under the assumption that quantum dynamics is fundamentally unitary, if a quantum channel with input A and outputs B and C is compatible with A being a complete common cause of B and C, then it must factorize in a particular way. Finally, we show how to generalize our quantum version of Reichenbach's principle to a formalism for quantum causal models and provide examples of how the formalism works.
Dynamic Architectures: Problems and Solutions (1978)

A standardizable LSI microprocessor with on-chip configuration control directed by operating-system commands promises a series of computer sets dynamically matched to user-program characteristics.