gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acetazolamide Combined with or without NaHCO3 on Suppressing Neoplasm Growth, Metastasis and Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) Protein Expression (2007)

This study was made to explore the effects of acetazolamide on tumor growth,metastasis and the possible mechanisms. The mice bearing with Lewis lung carcinomaswere taken as the animal model. The effects of acetazolamide were compared with thecombination treatment of NaHCO3 on tumor growth, metastasis and carbonic anhydraseactivity in lung and tumor tissues using imidazole-Tris technique. And also the possible roleof AQP1 in tumor tissues was investigated by Western blot and immuno-histochemicalanalysis. Results showed that acetazolamide alone could sharply reduce the number of lungmetastasis and primary tumor growth, and appeared in a dose-dependent manner.Acetazolamide significantly inhibited carbonic anhydrase activity in tumor tissue. After theaddition of NaHCO3, the suppression of acetazolamide on tumor growth, number ofmetastasis and carbonic anhydrase activity in primary tumor tissue could not be alteredsignificantly, but the inhibitory rate of metastasis in lung and carbonic anhydrase activity inlung tissue appeared to show a reversal trend in the dose dependency from the acetazolamidetreatment alone. The exactly mechanisms need to be clarified in future. Western blot andimmunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that AQP1 expression in the tumor tissue washigher than both tissue of normal and treated with acetazolamide treatment alone.Combination with NaHCO3 could not synergistically inhibit the expression of AQP1 withacetazolamide. The results suggested that the mechanism of acetazolamide on anti-tumor especially on its anti-metastasis actions might partly involve either inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase activity or reducing AQP1 water channel protein expression, whatever if treated with or without NaHCO3.
Effects of Ni(II) and Cu(II) on DNA interaction with the N-terminal sequence of human protamine P2: enhancement of binding and mediation of oxidative DNA strand scission and base damage (1999)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that certain paternal exposures to metals may increase the risk of cancer in the progeny. This effect may be associated with promutagenic damage to the sperm DNA. The latter is packed with protamines which might sequester carcinogenic metals and moderate the damage. Human protamine P2 has an amino acid motif at its N-terminus that can serve as a heavy metal trap, especially for Ni(II) and Cu(II). We have synthesized a pentadecapeptide modeling this motif, Arg-Thr-His-Gly-Gln-Ser-His-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Arg-His-Cys-Ser-Arg-amide (HP21-15) and described its complexes with Ni(II) and Cu(II), including their capacity to mediate oxidative DNA degradation [Bal et al. (1997) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 906-914 and 915-921]. In the present study, effects of HP21-15 on Ni(II)- and Cu(II)-mediated DNA oxidation by H2O2 at pH 7.4 were investigated in more detail using the circular plasmid pUC19 DNA as a target, and the single/double-strand breaks and production of oxidized DNA bases, as end points. Ni(II) alone was found to promote oxidative DNA strand scission (mostly single strand breaks) and base damage, while Cu(II) alone produced the same effects, but to a much greater extent. Both metals were relatively more damaging to the pyrimidine bases than to purine bases. HP21-15 tended to increase the Ni(II)/H2O2-induced DNA breakage. In sharp contrast, the destruction of DNA strands by Cu(II)/H2O2 was almost completely prevented by HP21-15. The effect of HP21-15 on the oxidative DNA base damage varied from a limited enhancement (5-hydroxyhydantoin and thymine glycol) to slight suppression (5-hydroxycytosine, 5-hydroxyuracil, 8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoadenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, fapyguanine and fapyadenine) toward Ni(II)/H2O2. HP21-15 strongly suppressed the oxidative activity of Cu(II)/H2O2 in regard to all bases in DNA. Consistently with the above, the electron spin resonance/spin trap measurements revealed greater and more persistent generation of OH* and O2-*-like oxidants from H2O2 by the Ni(II)-HP21-15 complex than by the Cu(II)-HP21-15 complex (no O2-* was detected). Both complexes were also found to bind to DNA more strongly than HP21-15 alone. The results indicate that protamine P2 is capable of binding Ni(II) and Cu(II) and, in this way, attenuating the mediation of oxidative DNA damage by Cu(II), but not Ni(II). The effects found may be mechanistically involved in the reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity of metals.
MBSR vs. HA Education: A Randomized Clinical Trial Showing MBSR Treats Total Migraine Burden (2021)

Objective: Determine if mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) improves migraine frequency, disability, quality of life, self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, depression scores, and experimentally induced pain compared to Headache (HA) Education Methods: Determine if mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) improves migraine frequency, disability, quality of life, self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, depression scores, and experimentally induced pain compared to Headache (HA) Education Results: Most participants: were 43.9 years (SD 13.0), female (92%), with 7.3 (SD 2.7) migraine days/month and high disability (HIT-6: 63.5 (5.7)), attended class (median attendance 7/8), and followed-up through 36 weeks (73% of both groups). Participants in both groups had fewer migraine days at 12 weeks (MBSR: -1.6 migraine days/month;95% CI: [-0.7, -2.5];HA Education -2.0;[-1.1, -2.9]), without group differences (p=0.51). MBSR participants, compared to HA Education, had improvements from baseline at all follow-up time points on measures (point estimates of effect differences between groups reported) of disability (5.92 (95% CI 2.8, 9.0) p<0.001);quality of life (5.1 (1.2, 8.9) p=0.01);self-efficacy (8.2 (0.3, 16.1, p=0.04);pain catastrophizing (5.8 (2.9, 8.8), p<0.001);depression scores (1.6 (0.4, 2.7) p=0.008), and decreased experimentally induced pain intensity and unpleasantness (p=0.004 and 0.005, respectively, at 36 weeks)One reported adverse event was deemed unrelated to study protocol. Conclusion: Both MBSR and HA Education improved migraine frequency. MBSR also had clinically meaningful improvements of disability, quality of life, self-efficacy, paincatastrophizing, and depression out to 36 weeks, with decreased experimentally induced pain suggesting a potential shift in pain appraisal. MBSR may help treat total migraine burden. COVID Pivots.
Calcaneal loading during walking and running (2000)

Large magnitude forces and calcaneal stresses are generated late in the stance phase, with maximum loads occurring at approximately 70% of the stance phase during walking and at approximately 60% of the stance phase during running, for the gait velocities analyzed. The trajectories of the principal stresses, during both walking and running, corresponded to each other and qualitatively to the calcaneal trabecular architecture.
A robust wafer thinning down to 2.6-μm for bumpless interconnects and DRAM WOW applications (2015)

An ultra-thinning down to 2.6-μm with and without Cu contamination at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> atoms/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 300-mm wafer proven by 2Gb DRAM has been developed for the first time. The impact of Si thickness and Cu contamination at wafer backside for DRAM yield including retention characteristics is described. Thickness uniformity for all wafers after thinning was below 2-μm within 300-mm wafer. A degradation in terms of retention characteristics occurred after thinning down to 2.6-μm while no degradation after thinning down to 5.6-μm for both wafer and package level test were found.
Preparation and Use of an Integrated Microcapillary HPLC Column and ESI Device for Proteomic Analysis (2007)

INTRODUCTIONImplementation of separation techniques in miniaturized formats on-line with high-performance mass spectrometers and the development of miniaturized sprayers as electrospray ionization (ESI) ion sources have reduced the amount of peptide required for complete and routine sequence characterization from several picomoles to a few femtomoles and below. Arguably, much of this gain in sensitivity is due to the combination of concentration-dependent type ionization devices such as ESI and on-line capillary separation devices of very small internal diameter (I.D.). This can be primarily attributed to a reduced mass flow rate of solvents and other background constituents into the ESI source, which allows for greater sample ionization efficiency. For reasons of robustness, most microcapillary HPLC (μLC) work is done with 75- or 100-μm I.D. capillary columns that clog less frequently than 50-μm I.D. capillary columns. The following protocol describes the preparation of an integrated C(18)-packed capillary column-ESI microspray device. In this protocol, a polyimide capillary tip tapered to ~5 μm is used to hold the C(18)-derivatized particles in place.
The shunt book (1995)

1: History of CSF Shunts 2: How Shunts Work: 2.1: CSF fluid dynamics 2.2: Shunt Valve Mechanics 2.3: Differential Pressure vs. Flow Control 3: How Shunts are Made: 3.1: Shunt Manufacturing 3.2: Shunt Materials 3.3: Shunt Testing 3.4: Predicting Shunt Preformance with Modeling 4: CSF Shunt Components: 4.1: Proximal Catheters and Connectors 4.2: Valves 4.2.1: Standard differential pressure valves 4.2.2: externally adjustable differential pressure valves 4.2.3: flow control valve (Orbis Sigma) 4.2.4: differential pressure siphon reducing devices 4.2.5: gravity actuated siphon reducing devices 4.3: Distal Catheters and Valves 4.4: Aids to Shunt Insertion 5: Shunt Complications: 5.1: Mechanical failure 5.1.1: Incidence of Failure 5.1.2: Analysis of Specific Shunt Mechanical Complications 5.1.3: Lumboperitoneal Shunts 5.1.4: Siphon reducing devices 5.2: Shunt Infection 5.3: Investigating Shunt Complications 6: Choosing and Implanting a Shunt
Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships of Chinese cattle using gene mtDNA 16S rRNA (2019)

The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity among 12 cattle breeds (10 Chinese breeds and two foreign taurine breeds as controls) utilizing gene mtDNA 16S rRNA. The complete sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA genes of the 251 animals were 1570 bp long. The mean percentages of the four nitrogen bases were 37.8 % for adenine (A), 23.7 % for thymine (T), 20.9 % for cytosine (C), and 17.6 % for guanine (G). The mtDNA 16S rRNA gene base percentages had a strong bias towards A <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:math> T. All detected nucleotide variations in gene mtDNA 16S rRNA were either transitions (62.3 %) or transversions (37.7 %); no indels (insertions and deletions) were found. A total of 40 haplotypes were constructed based on these mutations. A total of 36 haplotypes of these 40 haplotypes were present in 10 Chinese cattle breeds. The haplotype diversity of all Chinese cattle populations was <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.903</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.077</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , while the nucleotide diversity was <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.0071</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0039</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances between pairs of the studied 12 breeds ranged from 0.001 to 0.010. The phylogenetic analysis assigned the 10 Chinese breeds to two distinct lineages that likely differed in their percentage of <i>Bos taurus</i> and <i>Bos indicus</i> ancestry.
On thermal effects in deep sub-micron VLSI interconnects (1999)

Article Free Access Share on On thermal effects in deep sub-micron VLSI interconnects Authors: Kaustav Banerjee Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Amit Mehrotra Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile , Chenming Hu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999Pages 885–891https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.310093Published:01 June 1999Publication History 60citation1,225DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations60Total Downloads1,225Last 12 Months111Last 6 weeks22 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteeReaderPDF
Unsupervised Machine Learning (2019)

As the name suggests, unsupervised machine learning does not include finding relationships between input and output. To be honest, there is no output that we try to predict in unsupervised learning. It is mainly used to group together the features that seem to be similar to one another in some sense. These can be the distance between those features or some sort of similarity metric. In this chapter, I will touch on some unsupervised machine learning techniques and build one of the machine learning models, using PySpark to categorize users into groups and, later, to visualize those groups as well.
Multiple Resistance Traits Control<i>Plum pox virus</i>Infection in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2006)

Twelve Arabidopsis accessions were challenged with Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) isolates representative of the four PPV strains. Each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the PPV isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five PPV isolates or the 12 Arabidopsis accessions. Resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. Except for Nd-1, all accessions showed resistance to local infection by PPV-SoC; in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession, this resistance was compromised by sgt1 and rar1 mutations, suggesting that it could be controlled by an R gene-mediated resistance pathway. While most of the susceptible accessions were symptomless, PPV induced severe symptoms on inflorescences in C24, Ler, and Bay-0 as early as 15 days after inoculation. Genetic analyses indicated that these interaction phenotypes are controlled by different genetic systems. The restriction of long-distance movement of PPV-El Amar and of another member of genus Potyvirus, Lettuce mosaic virus, in Col-0 requires the RTM genes, indicating for the first time that the RTM system may provide a broad range, potyvirus-specific protection against systemic infection. The restriction to PPV-PS long-distance movement in Cvi-1 is controlled by a single recessive gene, designated rpv1, which was mapped to chromosome 1. The nuclear inclusion polymerase b-capsid protein region of the viral genome appears to be responsible for the ability of PPV-R to overcome rpv1-mediated resistance.
Complex Material Properties of Gel-Amin: A Transparent and Ionically Conductive Hydrogel for Neural Tissue Engineering (2022)

The field of tissue engineering has benefited greatly from the broad development of natural and synthetic polymers. Extensive work in neural engineering has demonstrated the value of conductive materials to improve spontaneous neuron activity as well as lowering the necessary field parameters for exogenous electrical stimulation. Further, cell fate is directly coupled to the mechanical properties of the cell culture substrate. Increasing the conductivity of hydrogel materials often necessitates the addition of dopant materials that facilitate electron mobility. However, very little electron transfer is observed in native cell signaling and most of these materials are opaque, severely limiting microscopy applications commonly employed to assess cell culture morphology and function. To overcome these shortcomings, the inclusion of an ionic liquid, choline acrylate, into the backbone of a modified collagen polymer increases the bulk conductivity 5-fold at a 1:1 ratio while maintaining optical transmission of visible light. Here, we explore how the inclusion of choline acrylate influences bulk material properties including the mechanical, swelling, and optical properties of our hydrogels, referred to as Gel-Amin hydrogels, as a material for tissue culture. Despite an increase in swelling over traditional GelMA materials, the conductive hydrogels support whole dorsal root ganglia encapsulation and outgrowth. Our results indicate that our Gel-Amin system holds potential for neural engineering applications and lowering the required charge injection for the application of exogenous electrical stimulation. This is this first time an ionic liquid-hydrogel system has been used to culture and support primary neurons in vitro.
Luminescent Colloidal Dispersion of Silicon Quantum Dots from Microwave Plasma Synthesis: Exploring the Photoluminescence Behavior Across the Visible Spectrum (2009)

Abstract Aiming for a more practical route to highly stable visible photoluminescence (PL) from silicon, a novel approach to produce luminescent silicon nanoparticles (Si‐NPs) is developed. Single crystalline Si‐NPs are synthesized by pyrolysis of silane (SiH 4 ) in a microwave plasma reactor at very high production rates (0.1–10 g h −1 ). The emission wavelength of the Si‐NPs is controlled by etching them in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Emission across the entire visible spectrum is obtained by varying the etching time. It is observed that the air oxidation of the etched Si‐NPs profoundly affects their optical properties, and causes their emission to blue‐shift and diminish in intensity with time. Modification of the silicon surface by UV‐induced hydrosilylation also causes a shift in the spectrum. The nature of the shift (red/blue) is dependent on the emission wavelength of the etched Si‐NPs. In addition, the amount of shift depends on the type of organic ligand on the silicon surface and the UV exposure time. The surface modification of Si‐NPs with different alkenes results in highly stable PL and allows their dispersion in a variety of organic solvents. This method of producing macroscopic quantities of Si‐NPs with very high PL stability opens new avenues to applications of silicon quantum dots in optoelectronic and biological fields, and paves the way towards their commercialization.
Who Estimates When It’s Not Required? the Case of Subrogation (2018)

Abstract The ability of an insurer to pursue and collect money from responsible third parties for paid claims is referred to as subrogation. For some insurers, the amount to be recovered may be significant and, if accrued for, represents an estimate that could be used by management to affect earnings. This study investigates factors associated with insurers’ choice to accrue subrogation for statutory accounting. For statutory accounting, where insurers can choose whether to accrue subrogation or exclude it as an offset to the claims liability, we find that publicly-traded (mutually-owned) insurers are significantly more (less) likely to accrue subrogation than privately-owned insurers. In addition, we find that publicly-traded (mutual) insurers with weak ratings are less (more) likely to accrue subrogation. Finally, we find that insurers with large amounts of subrogation are more likely to accrue subrogation, consistent with these types of insurers having the strongest incentive to influence earnings through the subrogation accrual. Our results provide evidence suggesting that insurers respond to their incentives when choosing whether to accrue subrogation for statutory reporting.
Diagnostics and monitoring of frescoes using evanescent-field dielectrometry (2006)

Moisture and soluble salts are the main causes of degradation of mural paintings, in particular, frescoes. Water is the 'driving force' of damage such as the detachment of the painted layer and the whitening of the painting due to the crystallization of salts (efflorescence). Indeed, the appearance of efflorescence itself is related to the alterations caused by moisture in the process of the evaporation of water through the surface of the wall. Early detection of the presence of moisture under the wall surface is therefore essential for avoiding such kind of damage. In this paper a non-invasive microwave system is described which allows the measurement of the moisture content and the detection of salts in frescoes and mural paintings. The system performs a sub-surface measurement with an investigated depth up to about 2 cm. The measurement system consists of an evanescent-field resonant sensor, a network analyser and a numerical code. The method has been validated by measurements performed on some reference materials with known dielectric characteristics. Several tests on moistened plaster samples, some of them containing calcium nitrate at different concentrations, have been performed in order to verify the effectiveness in quantifying the moisture and salt content. In situ investigations have been carried out by measuring both the moisture content and salt content on frescoes in several museums and churches. The preliminary results prove the usefulness of the method as a diagnostic tool for investigating the health status of frescoes.
Low-complexity Subspace Tracking Based Channel Estimation Method for OFDM Systems In Time-Varying Channels (2006)

In this paper, a group of low-complexity subspace tracking based pilot-aided channel estimation methods for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is studied. These methods are based on a parametric channel model where the channel response is characterized as a collection of sparse propagation paths. Considering the slow variations of the channel correlation matrix's signal subspace, we first translate the estimation of channel parameters into an unconstrained minimization problem. Then, to solve this minimization problem, a novel Kalman-filter based subspace tracking method is proposed, which employs the constant signal subspace to construct state equation and measurement equation. In contrast, other two adaptive filters, LMS and RLS, are applied and evaluated. These three methods constitute a group of low-complexity subsapce tracking schemes. It is shown that the proposed Kalman filter method is able to effectively track the time-varying channels, and outperforms LMS and RLS methods with large Doppler frequency spread.
Generation and characterization of spirally polarized fields (2009)

Recently introduced global parameters for describing the polarization of a beam are used to characterize spirally polarized fields, which include as particular cases azimuthally and radially polarized fields. Theoretical predictions about such global parameters are experimentally confirmed by generating beams with spirally polarized transverse patterns, by means of two different procedures.