gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating ethylene polymerization using secondary metal ions in tetrahydrofuran (2019)

We have prepared a new series of nickel phosphine phosphonate ester complexes that feature two metal-chelating polyethylene glycol (PEG) side arms. Metal binding and reactivity studies in polar solvents showed that they readily coordinate external cations, including alkali (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>), alkaline (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>), transition (Sc<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>), post-transition (Ga<sup>3+</sup>), and lanthanide (La<sup>3+</sup>) metals. Although olefin polymerization reactions are typically performed in non-polar solvents, which cannot solubilize +2 and +3 metal cations, we discovered that our nickel catalysts could promote ethylene polymerization in neat tetrahydrofuran. This advance allowed us, for the first time, to systematically investigate the effects of a wide range of M<sup>+</sup>, M<sup>2+</sup>, and M<sup>3+</sup> ions on the reactivity of nickel olefin polymerization catalysts. In ethylene homopolymerization, the addition of Co(OTf)<sub>2</sub> to our nickel-PEG complexes provided the largest boost in activity (up to 11-fold, 2.7 × 10<sup>6</sup> g mol<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) compared to that in the absence of external salts. The catalyst enhancing effects of secondary metals were also observed in studies of ethylene and polar olefin (e.g., propyl vinyl ether, allyl butyl ether, methyl-10-undecenoate, and 5-acetoxy-1-pentene) copolymerization. Notably, combining either Co<sup>2+</sup> or Zn<sup>2+</sup> with our nickel complexes increased the rates of polymerization in the presence of propyl vinyl ether by about 5.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the structural and mechanistic roles of the secondary metals, this work is an important advance toward the development of cation-switchable polymerization catalysts.
Rational Design of Recombinant Papain-Like Cysteine Protease: Optimal Domain Structure and Expression Conditions for Wheat-Derived Enzyme Triticain-α (2017)

Triticain-α is a papain-like cysteine protease from wheat (<i>Triticum</i><i>aestivum</i> L.) that possesses activity towards toxic gluten-derived peptides, and was thus proposed as a novel therapeutic tool for celiac disease. We report an original approach employing rational design of domain architecture of Triticain-α and selection of the appropriate expression system for development of cheap and efficient protocol yielding active recombinant enzyme. The segregated catalytic domain of Triticain-α did not adopt native structure in bacteria, neither being expressed as a single protein nor upon conjugation or co-expression with extrinsic chaperones. Meanwhile, its attachment to prodomain of the enzyme resulted in generation of insoluble (inclusion bodies) product that can be transformed into active protease upon refolding in vitro. The estimated yield of the product was affected by affinity six-histidine tag required for its single-step purification with the preferable N-terminal position of the tag. Expression of the two-domain Triticain-α construct in yeast (<i>Pichia</i><i>pastoris</i>) strain GS115 and bacterial (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) strain Rosetta gami B (DE3) led to the accumulation of a soluble protein, which underwent autocatalytic maturation during expression (in yeast)/purification (in bacteria) procedures and exhibited pronounced protease activity. Furthermore, expression and solubility of such construct in Rosetta gami B (DE3) cells was improved by reducing the temperature of the bacterial growth yielding more active enzyme than yeast counterpart presumably due to facilitated formation of a characteristic disulfide bond critical for maintaining the catalytic site. We suggest that these findings are helpful for obtaining active Triticain-α preparations for scientific or medical applications, and can be employed for the design and production of beneficial recombinant products based on other papain-like cysteine proteases.
Dominant and Recessive Molecular Changes in Neuroblastomas (1992)

Of all human tumors, neuroblastomas bear the most prominent genetic changes. Amplifications and deletions of chromosomal DNA can be identified by light microscopy on chromosomal spreads of neuroblastoma cells with remarkable frequency and consistency. Consequently, extensive studies have been undertaken to elucidate the molecular basis of these cytogenetic changes. A rich body of information has accumulated on the role played by dominant oncogenes and recessive tumor suppressor genes in the pathogenesis of this disease. Most notably, it was found that amplification of N-myc is responsible for the presence of double minutes and homogeneously staining regions in neuroblastoma chromosomes. It has also been discovered that N-myc amplification is a prognostic sign of malignancy. More recently, recessive genetic alterations in neuroblastoma, such as deletion of putative tumor-suppressing genes have received increasing attention, and considerable efforts are being made to identify such genetic elements. Finally, the susceptibility of neuroblastoma cells to differentiating stimuli has made them a popular in vitro system for neurobiological and pharmacological research. The need for suitable in vivo systems has spurred the development of several animal models employing tumor viruses and transgenic technologies.
Quantification of normal dystrophin mRNA following myoblast transplantation in mdx mice (1995)

A mutagenesis RT-PCR method was used to detect normal dystrophin mRNA following the injection of normal myoblasts in mdx mice using two immunosuppressors. A specific sequence of the dystrophin mRNA (257 bp) was amplified by RT-PCR from the muscle total RNA. MaeIII digestion of the amplified products allowed us to distinguish the normal messenger of dystrophin from the dystrophic one and to establish the percentage of normal and of dystrophic (mdx) dystrophin mRNA. Normal dystrophin mRNA was detected using this technique in mdx muscles transplanted with histocompatible normal myoblasts. For this type of transplantation, no significant difference in the percentage of normal dystrophin mRNA was observed between immunosuppressed mice and those not immunosuppressed. No normal dystrophin mRNA was, however, observed in mdx mice following histoincompatible normal myoblast transplantation without immunosuppression. When such transplantations were done in mice immunosuppressed with cyclosporine or FK-506, normal dystrophin mRNA accounted for 31% and 36% of the total dystrophin mRNA, respectively. In fact, one animal immunosuppressed with FK-506 expressed as much as 57% of normal dystrophin mRNA. These results thus show that FK-506 makes it possible to restore dystrophin expression to a level comparable to that observed in DMD carriers that are usually asymptomatic.
Experimental Study of a Downdraft Gasifier (2006)

In order for biomass gasification to be successfully implemented to provide energy or rawmaterial for the chemical industry, the quality of synthesis gas (syngas) produced is critical. Toexamine the effects of operational parameters on syngas quality and biomass conversion rate, anexperimental study of hardwood chip gasification in a downdraft gasifier system was conducted. Thisgasifier was run under various conditions to produce syngas, which had an average low heatingvalue of 5.79 0.52 MJ/ Nm3, tar concentration of 14.06 8.54 mg/Nm, particulate(>0.7m)concentration of 3.05 1.79 mg/Nm, hardwood chip conversion rate of 2.370.24 Nm/kg, andcarbon conversion rate of 98.01 0.53%. This syngas is of acceptable quality to be used as a fuelsource for internal combustion engine operations. The gasifiers grate temperature had no evidenteffects on syngas quality and conversion rate within a range of 740 to 817 oC. The particulatecontents in pre-filtered syngas significantly increased when the gas flow rate changed from 36 to 56Nm3/h. When the moisture content of hardwood chips increased, tar content of post-filtered syngassignificantly increased, and carbon monoxide content significantly decreased.
Design and Validation of a Gun Barrel Vibration Absorber. (1997)

Abstract : This paper presents an applied method for the optimal design of passive vibration absorbers to reduce terrain induced vibrations of tank cannons. The method uses a finite element model of the cannon. The design is optimized by assigning a scalar cost function to the frequency response of the modified barrel. The results indicate that the peak amplitude of the frequency response of a 1,500 Kg barrel may be cut in half by an appropriately tuned 20 Kg absorber. Experimental validation of the results using modal impact testing are shown.
Evaluation of carbonic anhydrase IX as a therapeutic target for inhibition of breast cancer invasion and metastasis using a series of<i>in vitro</i>breast cancer models (2015)

Triple negative, resistant or metastatic disease are major factors in breast cancer mortality, warranting novel approaches. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is implicated in survival, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and inhibition provides an innovative therapeutic strategy. The efficacy of 5 novel ureido-substituted sulfamate CAIX inhibitors were assessed in increasingly complex breast cancer models, including cell lines in normoxia and hypoxia, 3D spheroids and an ex-vivo explant model utilizing fresh biopsy tissue from different breast cancer subtypes. CAIX expression was evaluated in a tissue microarray (TMA) of 92 paired lymph node and primary breast cancers and 2 inhibitors were appraised in vivo using MDA-MB-231 xenografts. FC11409B, FC9398A, FC9403, FC9396A and S4 decreased cell proliferation and migration and inhibited 3D spheroid invasion. S4, FC9398A and FC9403A inhibited or prevented invasion into collagen. FC9403A significantly reversed established invasion whilst FC9398A and DTP348 reduced xenograft growth. TMA analysis showed increased CAIX expression in triple negative cancers. These data establish CAIX inhibition as a relevant therapeutic goal in breast cancer, targeting the migratory, invasive, and metastatic potential of this disease. The use of biopsy tissue suggests efficacy against breast cancer subtypes, and should provide a useful tool in drug testing against invasive cancers.
A New Technique for Obtaining Values of Cardiac Output in Rapid Succession (1982)

Cardiac output was measured in dogs using 5 percent saline as the indicator and a new type of electrically calibrated catheter-tip conductivity cell in the aorta. Paired values of cardiac output were compared using the direct Fick method. It was found that saline cardiac outputs overestimated the Fick values by about 15 percent on the average. Use of the electrically calibrated catheter-tip conductivity cell in the aorta is very easily applied; it does not require special preparation of the indicator or mixing calibration solutions and does not require withdrawal of blood. Cardiac output measurements can be made every few minutes.
Improved Model for Excess Base Current in Irradiated Lateral p-n-p Bipolar Junction Transistors (2018)

An improved total ionizing dose model for lateral p-n-p bipolar junction transistors is described. The model captures the impact of charged defects on radiation-induced excess base current. Failure to incorporate this mechanism in model underestimates gain degradation.
Correction to “Extending the Lifetime of Organic Flow Batteries via Redox State Management” (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Extending the Lifetime of Organic Flow Batteries via Redox State Management"Marc-Antoni GouletMarc-Antoni GouletMore by Marc-Antoni Goulethttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6759, Liuchuan TongLiuchuan TongMore by Liuchuan Tonghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-6322, Daniel A. PollackDaniel A. PollackMore by Daniel A. Pollackhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-5118, Daniel P. TaborDaniel P. TaborMore by Daniel P. Taborhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-6667, Susan A. OdomSusan A. OdomMore by Susan A. Odomhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-5852, Alán Aspuru-GuzikAlán Aspuru-GuzikMore by Alán Aspuru-Guzikhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4434, Eugene E. Kwan*Eugene E. KwanMore by Eugene E. Kwanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7037-0531, Roy G. Gordon*Roy G. GordonMore by Roy G. Gordonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-268X, and Michael J. Aziz*Michael J. AzizMore by Michael J. Azizhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-9456Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 34, 14019–14020Publication Date (Web):August 18, 2021Publication History Published online18 August 2021Published inissue 1 September 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c05529https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c05529correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1967Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (464 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phase I trial of pulse calcitriol in patients with refractory malignancies (2001)

BACKGROUND Calcitriol is the principal biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. Calcitriol's activity against many neoplasms is well documented, but calcitriol's therapeutic application has been hampered by predictable hypercalcemia when it is given daily. Because laboratory data has suggested that intermittent exposure to high levels of calcitriol may be sufficient to produce antiproliferative effects, the authors developed a Phase I trial to determine the maximal tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and the pharmacokinetic profile of calcitriol given weekly by mouth. METHODS Patients with refractory malignancies were enrolled for 4 weeks of treatment followed by 4 weeks of observation. Reenrollment at a higher dose level was permitted for patients who had evidence of response or stable disease and no Grade 3 or greater toxicity. The starting dose was 0.06 μg/kg. RESULTS Fifteen patients received 20 cycles of therapy. Doses up to 2.8 μg/kg of calcitriol weekly produced no dose-limiting toxicity. While peak levels and the area under the serum concentration-time curve of calcitriol increased in a linear fashion at lower doses, saturable absorption was observed at doses above 0.48 μg/kg. Doses of 0.48 μg/kg and above produced mean peak calcitriol levels of 1625 pg/mL, approximately 25-fold greater than top normal levels and well within the therapeutic range suggested by in vitro experiments. Eight patients experienced self-limiting Grade 1 hypercalcemia. CONCLUSIONS Weekly dosing of oral calcitriol permitted substantial dose escalation with minimal toxicity. Peak serum calcitriol levels were in the predicted therapeutic range. A dose of 0.5 μg/kg was selected for evaluation in Phase II studies. Cancer 2001;91:2431–9. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
RESCUE INTRAVITREAL METHOTREXATE TREATMENT FOLLOWING EARLY RECOGNITION OF PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY (2022)

Intravitreal methotrexate may play a role in arresting progression of early postoperative PVR and obviating the need for surgical intervention.
Halftone independent methods for color drift correction (2007)

Color printer calibration is the process of deriving correction functions for device CMYK signals, so that the device can be maintained with a fixed known characteristic color response. Since the colorimetric response of the printer can be a strong function of the halftone, the calibration process must be repeated for every halftone supported by the printer. The effort involved in the calibration process thus increases linearly with the number of halftoning methods. In the past few years, it has become common for high-end digital color printers to be equipped with a large number of halftones thus making the calibration process onerous . We propose a halftone independent method for correcting color (CMY/CMYK) printer drift. Our corrections are derived by measuring a small number of halftone independent fundamental binary patterns based on the 2×2 binary printer model by Wang et. al. Hence, the required measurements do not increase as more halftoning methods are added. The key novelty in our work is in identifying an invariant halftone correction factor (HCF) that exploits the knowledge of the relationship between the true printer response and the 2×2 predicted response for a given halftoning scheme. We evaluate our scheme both quantitatively and qualitatively against the printer color correction transform derived with the printer in its "default state". Results indicate that the proposed method is very successful in calibrating a printer across a wide variety of halftones.
<title>A Magneto-Optic Bubble Display</title> (1977)

Using bismuth iron garnets it is now possible to produce magnetic bubbles in a material exhibiting a very large Faraday effect in the visible region of the spectrum. The magnetic bubbles, small cylindrical volumes of reversed magnetisation in a garnet layer, are very mobile and, as a result of the large Faraday rotation, clearly visible. Controlled generation and propagation of these mobile light spots (typically 10pm in diameter) allows the construction of patterns in which the bubble is the basic picture element. A prototype display which uses a display matrix of 36 x 36 has been made and used to display alphanumerics (capacity of 25) and simple facsimile. Although magnification is required for viewing the information (a 35 x 35 array occupies 1 mm2) a x 10 eyepiece provides good legibility of characters formed on a 7 x 10 matrix. Further properties of this novel display such as non-volatile memory, serial access and writing speed are described in conjunction with possible applications in the areas of radio communications and page composers.
Streamflow Measurement Using A Riversonde Uhf Radar System (2002)

Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoding gene Waxy (Wx), which largely regulates the amylose content of rice grains, is a master module determining rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Fine-tuning amylose level of grains is an ideal strategy to improve rice quality. Through fine editing of Wx<sup>a</sup> promoter and 5'UTR by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created 14 types of novel Wx allelic variations, of which MT7 and MT13 were able to alter Wx expression and amylose content of grains. MT7 showed fragment deletion and base insertions in CAAT-boxes, hardly detectable expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 5.87% amylose in grains. MT13 had fragment deletions in the A-box and the TATA-box, low expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 9.61% amylose in grains. Besides of the amylose content, MT7 and MT13 significantly reduced protein content and increased lipid content of grains compared with Wx<sup>a</sup>. A comparison of MT7, MT13 and other allelic lines demonstrated the importance of base insertion around the second CAAT-box and 31bp-deletion following the second TATA-box in modulating Wx expression. Thus, our study generated two novel Wx allelic variations which significantly alter Wx expression and amylose content of rice grains, providing not only new germplasms for soft rice breeding, but also insights into candidate cis elements of Wx.
T-PaD: Tactile Pattern Display through Variable Friction Reduction (2007)

In this paper we discuss the theory, design and construction of a haptic display for creating texture sensations through variations in surface friction. Ultrasonic frequency, low amplitude vibrations between two flat plates have been shown to create a squeeze film of air between the two plate surfaces thereby reducing the friction (Salbu, 1964; Weisendanger, 2001). We show that a reduction of friction will also occur between a human finger and a vibrating plate. Thus, a vibrating plate can serve as a haptic interface. The amplitude of vibration can also be correlated to the amount of friction reduction between the plate and the finger. Varying the surface friction between the finger and the haptic interface is a way of indirectly controlling shear forces on the finger during active exploration. Using finger position and velocity feedback on the display allows for the creation of spatial texture sensations
I<sup>2</sup>NC: Intra- and inter-session network coding for unicast flows in wireless networks (2011)

In this work, we are interested in improving the performance of constructive network coding schemes in lossy wireless environments. We propose I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NC - an approach that combines inter-session and intra-session network coding and has two strengths. First, the error-correcting capabilities of intra-session network coding make our scheme resilient to loss. Second, redundancy allows intermediate nodes to operate without knowledge of the decoding buffers of their neighbors. Based only on the knowledge of the loss rates on the direct and overhearing links, intermediate nodes can make decisions for both intra-session (i.e., how much redundancy to add in each flow) and inter-session (i.e., what percentage of flows to code together) coding. Our approach is grounded on a network utility maximization (NUM) formulation of the problem. We propose two practical schemes, I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NC-state and I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NC-stateless, which mimic the structure of the NUM optimal solution. We also address the interaction of our approach with the transport layer. We demonstrate the benefits of our schemes through simulation in GloMoSim.
A New Method for Testing the Abrasive Properties of Paper and Other Sheet Materials (2001)

Abstract Manufacturing operations such as die cutting and slitting of sheet materials result in wear of the tooling. A new method for measuring the abrasive properties of paper and other sheet materials is proposed. The method continuously monitors the force required for penetrating a sheet sample as multiple punches are made with a needle. Abrasive wear caused by the sheet sample changes the geometry of the needle, and consequently changes the penetration force. The trend of the force is used as a measure of the abrasivity of the sheet sample. Several sheet paper samples were tested using this method with two different needle geometries. In all cases, the magnitude of the force decreased with an increasing number of punches. The rate of change of force depends on the type of paper and the initial geometry of the needle.