gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) machine learning algorithms for motor vehicle crash occupants in US (2021)

A significant proportion of motor vehicle crash fatalities are potentially preventable with improved acute care. By increasing the accuracy of triage more victims could be transported directly to the best suited care facility and be provided optimal care. We hypothesize that On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) algorithms, developed utilizing machine learning methods, have potential to improve triage by complementing the field triage protocol. In this study, the accuracy of OSISP algorithms based on the “National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System” (NASS-CDS) of crashes involving adult occupants for calendar years 2010–2015 was evaluated. Severe injury was the dependent variable, defined as Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. The dataset contained 37873 subjects, whereof 21589 included injury data and were further analyzed. Selection of model predictors was based on potential for injury severity prediction and perceived feasibility of assessment by first responders. We excluded vehicle telemetry data due to the limited availability of these systems in the contemporary vehicle fleet, and because this data is not yet being utilized in prehospital care. The machine learning algorithms Logistic Regression, Ridge Regression, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Artificial Neural Networks were evaluated. Best performance with small margin was achieved with Logistic Regression, achieving area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.82–0.90), as estimated by 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Ejection, Entrapment, Belt use, Airbag deployment and Crash type were good predictors. Using only a subset of the 5–7 best predictors approached the prediction accuracy achieved when using the full set (14 predictors). A simplified benefit analysis indicated that nationwide implementation of OSISP in the US could bring improved care for 3100 severely injured patients, and reduce unnecessary use of trauma center resources for 94000 non-severely injured patients, every year.
Anisotropic Overgrowth of Metal Heterostructures Induced by a Site‐Selective Silica Coating (2013)

More than skin deep: A selective silica coating on the ends and side of gold nanorods enables the successful selective overgrowth of palladium, gold, platinum, and silver on these surfaces. As a result, eight types of unprecedented metal homo- and heterostructures are produced. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Probability-Based Differential Normalized Fluorescence Bivariate Analysis for the Classification of Tissue Autofluorescence Spectra (2006)

Differential normalized fluorescence (DNF) is an efficient and effective method for the differentiation of normal and cancerous tissue fluorescence spectra. The diagnostic features are extracted from the difference between the averaged cancerous and averaged normal tissue spectra and used as indices in tissue classification. In this paper, a new method, probability-based DNF bivariate analysis, is introduced based on the univariate DNF method. Two differentiation features are used concurrently in the new method to achieve better classification accuracy. The probability of each sample belonging to a disease state is determined with Bayes decision theory. This probability approach classifies the tissue spectra according to disease states and provides uncertainty information on classification. With a data set of 57 colonic tissue sites, probability-based DNF bivariate analysis is demonstrated to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis. The bivariate DNF analysis only requires the collection of a few data points across the entire emission spectrum and has the potential of improving data acquisition speed in tissue imaging.
Proceedings from the Seventh International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, ISTSS, Montréal, Canada, March 16-18, 2016 (2016)

This report includes the Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (ISTSS) held in Montreal, Canada, 16-18th of March, 2016. The Proceedings include 59 papers giv ...
Prevalence, Clinical, and Molecular Correlates of <i>KCNJ5</i> Mutations in Primary Aldosteronism (2012)

Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Mutations in the KCNJ5 gene have been described recently in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in unselected patients with primary aldosteronism and their clinical, biological and molecular correlates. KCNJ5 sequencing was performed on somatic (APA, n=380) and peripheral (APA, n=344; bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, n=174) DNA of patients with primary aldosteronism, collected through the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Transcriptome analysis was performed in 102 tumors. Somatic KCNJ5 mutations (p.Gly151Arg or p.Leu168Arg) were found in 34% (129 of 380) of APA. They were significantly more prevalent in females (49%) than males (19%; P<10(-3)) and in younger patients (42.1±1.0 versus 47.6±0.7 years; P<10(-3)) and were associated with higher preoperative aldosterone levels (455±26 versus 376±17 ng/L; P=0.012) but not with therapeutic outcome after surgery. Germline KCNJ5 mutations were found neither in patients with APA nor those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Somatic KCNJ5 mutations were specific for APA, because they were not identified in 25 peritumoral adrenal tissues or 16 cortisol-producing adenomas. Hierarchical clustering of transcriptome profiles showed that APAs with p.Gly151Arg or p.Leu168Arg mutations were indistinguishable from tumors without KCNJ5 mutations. In conclusion, although a large proportion of sporadic APAs harbors somatic KCNJ5 mutations, germline mutations are not similarly causative for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. KCNJ5 mutation carriers are more likely to be females; younger age and higher aldosterone levels at diagnosis suggest that KCNJ5 mutations may be associated with a more florid phenotype of primary aldosteronism.
A role for 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptors in human learning and memory (2019)

These findings are a translation of the memory enhancing effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonism seen in animal studies, and lend weight to the idea that the 5-HT4 receptor could be an innovative target for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Contrary to the effects reported in animal models, prucalopride did not reveal an antidepressant profile in human measures of emotional processing.
Driver Behavior Analysis for Safe Driving: A Survey (2015)

Driver drowsiness and distraction are two main reasons for traffic accidents and the related financial losses. Therefore, researchers have been working for more than a decade on designing driver inattention monitoring systems. As a result, several detection techniques for the detection of both drowsiness and distraction have been proposed in the literature. Some of these techniques were successfully adopted and implemented by the leading car companies. This paper discusses and provides a comprehensive insight into the well-established techniques for driver inattention monitoring and introduces the use of most recent and futuristic solutions exploiting mobile technologies such as smartphones and wearable devices. Then, a proposal is made for the active of such systems into car-to-car communication to support vehicular ad hoc network's (VANET's) primary aim of safe driving. We call this approach the dissemination of driver behavior via C2C communication. Throughout this paper, the most remarkable studies of the last five years were examined thoroughly in order to reveal the recent driver monitoring techniques and demonstrate the basic pros and cons. In addition, the studies were categorized into two groups: driver drowsiness and distraction. Then, research on the driver drowsiness was further divided into two main subgroups based on the exploitation of either visual features or nonvisual features. A comprehensive compilation, including used features, classification methods, accuracy rates, system parameters, and environmental details, was represented as tables to highlight the (dis)advantages and/or limitations of the aforementioned categories. A similar approach was also taken for the methods used for the detection of driver distraction.
Ultrahigh Surface Area Three-Dimensional Porous Graphitic Carbon from Conjugated Polymeric Molecular Framework (2015)

Porous graphitic carbon is essential for many applications such as energy storage devices, catalysts, and sorbents. However, current graphitic carbons are limited by low conductivity, low surface area, and ineffective pore structure. Here we report a scalable synthesis of porous graphitic carbons using a conjugated polymeric molecular framework as precursor. The multivalent cross-linker and rigid conjugated framework help to maintain micro- and mesoporous structures, while promoting graphitization during carbonization and chemical activation. The above unique design results in a class of highly graphitic carbons at temperature as low as 800 ??C with record-high surface area (4073 m2 g-1), large pore volume (2.26 cm-3), and hierarchical pore architecture. Such carbons simultaneously exhibit electrical conductivity &gt;3 times more than activated carbons, very high electrochemical activity at high mass loading, and high stability, as demonstrated by supercapacitors and lithium-sulfur batteries with excellent performance. Moreover, the synthesis can be readily tuned to make a broad range of graphitic carbons with desired structures and compositions for many applications.
Nanoparticles for human liver-specific drug and gene delivery systems:<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>advances (2009)

A wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) that can deliver incorporated therapeutic materials such as compounds, proteins, genes and siRNAs to the human liver have been developed to treat liver-related diseases. This review describes NP-based drug and gene delivery systems such as liposomes (including lipoplex), polymer micelles, polymers (including polyplex) and viral vectors. It focuses upon the modification of these NPs to enhance liver specificity or delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. We discuss recent advances in drug and gene delivery systems specific to the human liver utilizing bio-nanocapsules comprising hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope L protein, which has a pivotal role in HBV infection. These NP-based medicines may offer novel strategies for the treatment of liver-related diseases and contribute to the development of nanomedicines targeting other tissues.
Comparison between prefilled syringe and autoinjector devices on patient-reported experiences and pharmacokinetics in galcanezumab studies (2018)

The ease of usability with either device was comparable, and there were no significant differences in tolerability between the prefilled syringe and autoinjector with the first self-administration; however, the analysis was not powered to detect a clinically significant difference. Galcanezumab pharmacokinetics were comparable between devices.
Inheritance of white petiole in celery and development of a tightly linked SCAR marker (2012)

With 2 figures and 1 table Abstract Petiole colour is an important breeding objective for celery. An F 2 segregation population of 185 plants was constructed from a cross between the white petiole parent ‘CE72W’ and the normal green parent ‘CE82L’ in celery. Field statistic data revealed that all F 1 individuals had white petioles and the ratio of white to normal green was 3 : 1 in the F 2 population. These results indicated that a dominant gene, designated Wp 1, controlled the white petiole trait. Sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) techniques combined with bulked segregant analysis were subsequently carried out in an F 2 population. One hundred and thirty‐five SRAP markers were screened and tested. Only one SRAP marker (E67M59) that was tightly linked to the white petiole trait was identified and successfully converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. In conclusion, this SCAR marker will facilitate the marker‐assisted selection of celery breeding and can be used for further genetic study and genetic map building.
Isolation and characterization of a putative collagen gene from the potato cyst nematode<i>Globodera pallida</i> (1996)

A cDNA clone encoding a full length putative collagen has been isolated in a screen of a mixed stage Globodera pallida expression library. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this molecule with other collagens suggests it is a cuticular collagen and a member of the col-8 subfamily of collagen genes. Northern blots show the gene is expressed specifically in gravid, adult females of the parasite as compared to second (invasive) stage juveniles and virgin females. Preliminary immunocytochemical studies indicate this collagen is present in areas other than the cuticle; these findings and the potential functional role of this collagen are discussed.
Systematic Review of the Role of FVIII Concentrates in Inhibitor Development in Previously Untreated Patients with Severe Hemophilia A: A 2013 Update (2013)

Nowadays, patients with hemophilia A receive a high standard of care; therefore, the most challenging complication of factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy has become the development of FVIII inhibitors, which render the concentrate infusion ineffective and expose patients to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Among environmental risk factors influencing inhibitor development, the type of FVIII products has always drawn the attention of investigators. Conflicting results are reported in the literature concerning rates of inhibitor development after either plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII concentrates. To help elucidate this controversial issue, we have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies evaluating the incidence of inhibitors in previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A receiving plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII products. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), the STrenghtening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology and an ad hoc quality score. Overall, 28 prospective studies, including 1,421 patients with hemophilia A, fulfilled our selection criteria and were included in the systematic review. No statistically significant differences were observed in the inhibitor incidence between plasma-derived and recombinant FVIII concentrates considering all (weighted means: 23%, 95% CI: 15-33% vs. 29%, 95% CI: 26-32%) and high titer (16%, 95% CI: 10-26% vs. 18%, 95% CI: 15-21%) inhibitors. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the inhibitor incidence among the different classes of recombinant products. In conclusion, the results of our meta-analysis show that the different types of FVIII products are not associated with different risks of inhibitor development.
Router and Firewall Redundancy with OpenBSD and CARP (2006)

As more reliance is placed on computing and networking systems, the need for redundancy increases. The Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) protocol and OpenBSD's pfsync utility provide a means by which to implement redundant routers and firewalls. This paper details how CARP and pfsync work together to provide this redundancy and explores the performance one can expect from the open source solutions. Two experiments were run: one showing the relationship between firewall state creation and state synchronization traffic and the other showing how TCP sessions are transparently maintained in the event of a router failure. Discussion of these simulations along with background information gives an overview of how OpenBSD, CARP, and pfsync can provide redundant routers and firewalls for today's Internet.
Allelotypic and cytogenetic characterization of chemically induced mouse mammary tumors: High frequency of chromosome 4 loss of heterozygosity at advanced stages of progression (1996)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is one of the most common genetic abnormalities in cancer. To define the role of LOH and chromosomal abnormalities at various stages of mouse mammary cancer progression, we analyzed the allelotypes and karyotypes of primary mammary tumors induced in CD2F, mice by two basic protocols, the classical multiple-dose 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) protocol and a novel protocol of combined medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and DMBA. The advantage of the latter protocol is that its latency for tumor development is much shorter and its tumor incidence is higher than those of DMBA alone. To study more advanced stages of mammary tumor progression, we also analyzed mouse mammary tumors that had acquired autonomous growth and were transplantable into syngeneic hosts. The allelotypic studies were performed by means of microsatellite length polymorphism analysis with a minimum of two simple-sequence repeat markers per chromosome. We observed that MPA-DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinomas, which in general arose earlier because of the growth promotion exerted by MPA, did not show any significant LOH and were essentially diploid. Tumors induced by DMBA alone, which on average took longer to develop, showed a higher frequency of allelic losses. LOH on chromosome 11 was observed in 30% of the cases. Chromosomes 4 and 8 were affected in 25% and 20% of the tumors, respectively. Interestingly, advanced stages of mammary tumor progression, represented by transplantable mammary tumors, showed a much higher level of genomic instability, specifically a very high frequency (66%) of LOH on chromosome 4. These findings indicate that chromosome 4 harbors a gene whose inactivation may play a role in the acquisition of more aggressive characteristics such as autonomous growth and transplantation ability.
Complementation of cellulose-negative mutants of<i>Acetobacter xylinum</i>by the cloned structural gene for phosphoglucomutase (1991)

Eleven cellulose-negative mutants of Acetobacter xylinum were analysed with respect to the activities of the enzymes known to be involved in cellulose biosynthesis. The analysis showed that all the mutants were deficient in phosphoglucomutase. All 11 mutants were complemented with a recombinant cosmid from a gene bank of wild type A. xylinum DNA. A subcloned 3.8-kb DNA fragment from the cosmid insert expressed high levels of phosphoglucumutase in Escherichia coli. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the introduced A. xylinum activity could be separated from the endogenous phosphoglucomutase present in E. coli. The experiments thus demonstrated that the cloned DNA fragment contained the A. xylinum structural gene for phosphoglucomutase.
RF power amplifier employing a frequency-tunable impedance matching network based on coupled inductors (2008)

Coupled inductors can be used as tunable inductances. Employing coupled inductors in the output impedance matching network of an RF power amplifier leads to superior performance when operating in more than one frequency band. As proof of this concept, the design of a dual-band RF power amplifier for the 200 and 300 MHz bands is presented. Simulation and measurement results validate the technique.
Charge trapping analysis in sputtered BixSe1-x based accumulation-mode FETs (2020)

Topological materials have attracted a lot of attention in the field of beyond Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Topological Insulators (TI) have been proposed for future high electron mobility field effect transistor (FET) devices that make the physics of operation and especially the oxide-film interface extremely crucial to understand. The effects of the gate voltage on the charge trapping in TI-based FET devices are reported in this work. Sputtered BixSe1-x was chosen as the TI material. The interfacial chemistry was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which shows a presence of Mg2+ and oxygen impurities. A unique hysteresis behavior was found for the gate transfer characteristics, with respect to the gate voltage. This was attributed to the charge trapping in the gate oxide and across the SiO2/BixSe1-x interface. We simulated the effects of charge fluctuations on the resistivity of the film. These devices operate under accumulation mode rather inversion mode. Application of positive gate voltage results in accumulation of electrons in the “n-type” BixSe1-x layer resulting in an increase of conductivity. In order to explain the drain current-gate voltage behavior, we used a simple polynomial model to describe the change in the device characteristics due to charge traps. The model was fitted with our experimental results. We further analyzed the gate leakage current, which showed a good match with trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) process that was used to derive trap parameters. The obtained trap parameters show the presence of ultra-deep charge traps contributing to the hysteretic behavior.
Supramolecular Coordination Assemblies of Dinuclear Fe<sup>III</sup> Complexes (2005)

Emptying the honeycomb: Hybrid organic–inorganic coordination assemblies are synthesized using modified aminocarboxylic acid ligands as the structure-directing agents. The structure of the networks varies ranging from a lamellar motif through a densely packed hexagonal array, to an open-framework hexagonal assembly (see structure). Supporting information for this article (magnetic data for 5, representative TGA data, additional presentations of the crystal structures) is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500516_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.