gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision for Vehicle Monitoring and Control (2001)

A platform for intelligent transport systems and autonomous vehicle research is in development at the Australian National University. The vehicle&apos;s
Building Fire Emergency Detection and Response Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2021)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide a low cost solution with respect to maintenance and installation and in particular, building refurbishment and retrofitting are easily accomplished via wireless technologies. Fire emergency detection and response for building environments is a novel application area for the deployment of wireless sensor networks. In such a critical environment, timely data acquisition, detection and response are needed for successful building automation. This paper presents an overview of our recent research activity in this area. Firstly we explain research on communication protocols that are suitable for this problem. Then we describe work on the use of WSNs to improve fire evacuation and navigation.
Tobacco use among South Dakotans. (2009)

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States and in South Dakota. Reducing tobacco use among South Dakotans is critical to alleviate the heavy burden of preventable deaths, illnesses and excessive health care costs that result from using tobacco products. The South Dakota Department of Health's Tobacco Control Program has collaborated with various agencies and coalitions to discourage people from starting to smoke, to help current smokers quit and to protect all people from exposure to secondhand smoke. The South Dakota Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the South Dakota Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS), the South Dakota Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), South Dakota Vital Statistics and the South Dakota Perinatal Health Risk Assessment Survey are the primary instruments used to measure progress toward achieving the goals and objectives of South Dakota's tobacco control effort. Since 2001, the South Dakota Department of Health's Tobacco Control Program has been implementing comprehensive statewide programs to reduce tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke. Concurrent with the comprehensive tobacco control program implementation, the prevalence of cigarette smoking declined significantly from its peak of 27.2 percent in 1998 to its current low of 19.8 percent in 2007, which is equal to the national average of 19.8 percent. Use of spit tobacco among adult South Dakotans also has declined from 6.8 percent in 2003 to 5.8 percent in 2007. There also has been a reduction in the number of high school students that are current smokers, i.e., having smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days, from 33 percent in 2001 to 25 percent in 2007.2 The prevalence of current smokers among middle school-aged South Dakotans has decreased from 8 percent in 2005 to 6 percent in 2007. Important shifts have occurred in the struggle to quit smoking: In South Dakota, 57.2 percent of current smokers are trying to quit. In addition, 80.8 percent of respondents report that smoking is not allowed in any work area. Positive changes have taken place in South Dakotans' attitudes toward exposure to secondhand smoke. There is widespread awareness of the harm of secondhand smoke, with 83 percent of respondents indicating that they believed secondhand smoke causes lung cancer. These positive trends across a multitude of indicators suggest that the comprehensive tobacco control effort in South Dakota is having an effect in reducing the harms of tobacco. The decreases in smoking prevalence among South Dakota adults and youth are some of the most encouraging findings. However, challenges remain. The tobacco industry is well aware of efforts to reduce tobacco use and continues to develop and promote new products. Despite decreasing cigarette use among all adults in South Dakota, 18- to 24-year-olds still have the highest smoking rate, at 29.3 percent. Surveillance will continue to monitor tobacco use trends in South Dakota and assess the impact of tobacco control efforts. Some of the most important findings are summarized in the following report.
Chronic Daily Headache in Hereditary Hemochromatosis Treated by Venesection (2007)

Coincidence or causality between iron overload and headaches (e.g., daily headache, migraine, and cluster headache) is still under discussion. Herein we report a patient suffering from hereditary hemochromatosis (homozygous C282Y mutation; OMIM: 235220, Locus 6p21.3) and daily headache fulfilling the IHSD-2 criteria of chronic migraine. Three treatments by venesection improved the headache substantially in frequency, intensity, and duration of attacks. We suggest treatment by venesection for iron depletion in patients suffering from hemochromatois and headache.
High Availability Cluster System for Local Disaster Recovery with Markov Modeling Approach (2009)

The need for high availability (HA) and disaster recovery (DR) in IT environment is more stringent than most of the other sectors of enterprises. Many businesses require the availability of business-critical applications 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and can afford no data loss in the event of a disaster. It is vital that the IT infrastructure is resilient with regard to disruption, even site failures, and that business operations can continue without significant impact. As a result, DR has gained great importance in IT. Clustering of multiple industries standard servers together to allow workload sharing and fail-over capabilities is a low cost approach. In this paper, we present the availability model through Semi-Markov Process (SMP) and also analyze the difference in downtime of the SMP model and the approximate Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model. To acquire system availability, we perform numerical analysis and SHARPE tool evaluation.
Exon skipping induced by CRISPR-directed gene editing regulates the response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (2022)

We have been developing CRISPR-directed gene editing as an augmentative therapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by genetic disruption of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2). NRF2 promotes tumor cell survival in response to therapeutic intervention and thus its disablement should restore or enhance effective drug action. Here, we report how NRF2 disruption leads to collateral damage in the form of CRISPR-mediated exon skipping. Heterogeneous populations of transcripts and truncated proteins produce a variable response to chemotherapy, dependent on which functional domain is missing. We identify and characterize predicted and unpredicted transcript populations and discover that several types of transcripts arise through exon skipping; wherein one or two NRF2 exons are missing. In one specific case, the presence or absence of a single nucleotide determines whether an exon is skipped or not by reorganizing Exonic Splicing Enhancers (ESEs). We isolate and characterize the diversity of clones induced by CRISPR activity in a NSCLC tumor cell population, a critical and often overlooked genetic byproduct of this exciting technology. Finally, gRNAs must be designed with care to avoid altering gene expression patterns that can account for variable responses to solid tumor therapy.
Label-Efficient Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification (2018)

The automatic classification of breast cancer histopathological images has great significance in computer-aided diagnosis. Recently, deep learning via neural networks has enabled pattern detection and prediction using large, labeled datasets; whereas, collecting and annotating sufficient histological data using professional pathologists is time consuming, tedious, and extremely expensive. In the proposed paper, a deep active learning framework is designed and implemented for classification of breast cancer histopathological images, with the goal of maximizing the learning accuracy from very limited labeling. This method involves manual annotation of the most valuable unlabeled samples, which are then integrated into the training set. The model is then iteratively updated with an increasing training set. Here, two selection strategies are discussed for the proposed deep active learning framework: An entropy-based strategy and a confidence-boosting strategy. The proposed method has been validated using a publicly available breast cancer histopathological image dataset, wherein each image patch is binarily classified as benign or malignant. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with a random selection, our proposed framework can reduce annotation costs up to 66.67%, with higher accuracy and less expensive annotation than standard query strategy.
[Syndrome of increased idiopathic capillary permeability (Clarkson's syndrome)]. (1999)

Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson's disease) is characterized by recurring attacks or increased capillary permeability, resulting in severe hypovolemic shock due to plasma extravasation from the intravascular compartment. Additional laboratory features include association with a monoclonal gammopathy, extreme hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia. The underlying cause is not known and there have been fewer than 40 cases reported. It affects people aged 30-40 years and has a high mortality, with only six of 25 patients surviving for more than 5 years. Marked thirst is noted early in the attack and profound muscle weakness, anorexia; nausea, and vomiting are present in all patients, especially so during the course of an attack. Generally, oedema appeared several hours or days before the onset of shock. The total duration of illness varied from six months to seven years. An unknown trigger causes a temporary increase in the macromolecular permeability in the capillary bed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. The syndrome of rhabdomyolysis includes myalgia, swelling and weakness of the involved muscle groups, pigmenturia, and leakage of myoglobin and CK into the serum. Different treatments have been tried, including plasmapheresis, steroids, epoprostenol, salbutamol and Gingko biloba extract with success in some cases. Treatment with corticosteroids should be considered for prevention of attacks in the systemic capillary leak syndrome.
Low resistance polycrystalline silicon by boron or arsenic implantation and thermal crystallization of amorphously deposited films (1984)

Polycrystalline silicon films with high surface smoothness, good step coverage, and a relatively large grain size of ∼0.3 μm have been prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in the amorphous state and subsequent crystallization in a furnace. The final grain size achieved does not significantly depend on the initial annealing temperature used to crystallize the layer. For heavily boron implanted films, a clear correlation between sheet resistance and average grain size is found and the resistivity is close to the single crystal value for the amorphously deposited films. In contrast, only a minor resistivity reduction relative to standard polycrystalline silicon could be achieved by amorphous deposition for arsenic implanted films.
Morphological and Functional Dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp., Bacteria Symbiotically Associated with the Insect Pathogenic Nematodes Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis (1980)

Xenorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with the nematodes Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis, occur in two forms. In general, only one form, designated the primary form, is transmitted into new hosts by the infective stage of the nematode. The significance of the relationship between the two forms has been examined with X. nematophilus, the symbiont of N. feltiae. The forms of X. nematophilus can be differentiated by their colony characteristics but by only two biochemical tests. The two forms of X.nematophilus are equally pathogenic when injected into the haemocoel of Galleria larvae. However, the primary form when injected into Galleria larvae with axenic nematodes provides better conditions for reproduction of the nematodes than the secondary form, for which a role has not been determined. Although the primary form readily converts to the secondary form in vitro and occasionally in vivo, the secondary form is usually stable. Possible causes of the instability have been investigated.
Mode scrambler for optical fibers (1977)

Mode conversion at a splice was measured. Even the best splice, whose transmission loss was less than 0.01 dB, caused a mode conversion equaling about 11% of the total power. Spliced fiber transmission characteristics were influenced by the splicing conditions. To avoid deviations in characteristics due to splices a simple and effective mode scrambler was fabricated. Its insertion loss was less than 0.3 dB for a laser diode. Each mode's output waveform was found to be the same as the total output waveform.
원저 : 만성신부전 환자에서 장기간 투석요법 전후의 Insulin-like Growth Factor 및 Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins 의 변화 (2001)

The insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) is a hormone that has growth stimulation and metabolic effects. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were known to be the most important factors that affect bioavailability of IGF. Thereby, the changes of IGFBPs may affect the bioavailability of IGF-I. Because growth hormone/IGF system may be affected by dialysis therapy, the changes of GH, IGF-1, IGFBPs levels after dialysis therapy can affect the bioavailability of IGF. To evaluate the changes of serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 after long-term dialysis therapy, we measured the serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in the patients on hemodialysis and on peritoneal dialysis. Eight: patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, 10 patients undergoing hemodialysis, and age-matched 10 normal control patients were studied. In patients on hemodialysis, the mean serum level of IGF-I before hemodialysis was 90.6±9.0ng/mL, and after long-term hemodialysis was 130.9±31.0ng/ mL. The mean serum level of IGFBP-3 before hemodialysis was 14,549±7,815 μg/L, and after longterm hemodialysis was 5,726±883 μg/L. There were no significant changes of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels after long-term hemodialysis therapy. In patients on peritoneal dialysis, the mean serum level of IGF-I before peritoneal dialysis was 169.8±20.5ng/ mL, and after long-term peritoneal dialysis was 242.6±37.6ng/mL. The mean serum level of IGFBP- 3 before peritoneal dialysis was 10,272±885 μg/L, and after ling-term peritoneal dialysis was 8,604±1,721 μg/L. There were no significant changes of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels after long-term peritoneal dialysis. We found that the level of IGF-1 before hemodialysis was lower then that of normal control group and the level of IGFBP-3 before hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis was higher then that of normal control group. Our results suggested that the blood levels of growth hormone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may not be significantly affected by long-term dialysis therapy.
Aspects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Related to Neuroprotection, Regeneration, and Functional Plasticity in the Adult Brain (2006)

Apart from regulating somatic growth and metabolic processes, accumulating evidence suggests that the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis is involved in the regulation of brain growth, development, and myelination. In addition, both GH and IGF-I affect cognition and biochemistry in the adult brain. Some of the effects of GH are attributable to circulating IGF-I, while others may be due to IGF-I produced locally within the brain. Some of the shared effects in common to GH and IGF-I may also be explained by cross-talk between the GH and IGF-I transduction pathways, as indicated by recent data from other cell systems. Otherwise, it also seems that GH may act directly without involving IGF-I (either circulating or locally). Plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) may be viewed as changes in the functional interplay between the major cell types, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. GH and IGF-I affect all three of these cell types in several ways. Apart from the neuroprotective effects of GH and IGF-I posited in different experimental models of CNS injury, IGF-I has been found to increase progenitor cell proliferation and new neurons, oligodendrocytes, and blood vessels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. It appears that the MAPK signaling pathway is required for IGF-I-stimulated proliferation in vitro, whereas the PI3K/Akt or MAPK/Erk signaling pathway appears to mediate antiapoptotic effects. The increase of IGF-I on endothelial cell phenotype may explain the increase in cerebral arteriole density observed after GH treatment. The functional role of GH and IGF-I in the adult brain will be reviewed with reference to neurotransmitters, glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, gap junctional communication, dendritic arborization, exercise, enriched environment, depression, learning, memory, and aging. Briefly, these findings suggest that IGF-I functions as a putative regenerative agent in the adult CNS. Hitherto less studied regarding in these aspects, GH may have similar effects, especially as it is the main regulator of IGF-I in vivo. Some of the positive cognitive features of GH treatment are likely attributable to the mechanisms reviewed here.
A Practical Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensor for Mandelic Acid (2002)

A novel optically active bisbinaphthyl fluorescent sensor, (S,S)- or (R,R)-1, is designed for the recognition of chiral alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids. A convenient method has been developed to synthesize this compound. It is observed that (S)-mandelic acid enhances the fluorescence intensity of the (S,S)-sensor significantly more than (R)-mandelic acid does. The enantioselective fluorescent response is confirmed with the observation of a mirror image relationship for the interaction of (S,S)- and (R,R)-sensors with mandelic acid. The enantioselectivity in fluorescence response [(I(S) - I(0))/(I(R) - I(0)) = 2.49] is quite high, which makes the sensor useful for practical application. The fluorescence intensity change of the sensor is found to be linearly related to the enantiomeric composition of mandelic acid. This sensor is potentially useful for the combinatorial search of chiral catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Rad51 and BRCA2 - New Molecular Targets for Sensitizing Glioma Cells to Alkylating Anticancer Drugs (2011)

First line chemotherapeutics for brain tumors (malignant gliomas) are alkylating agents such as temozolomide and nimustine. Despite growing knowledge of how these agents work, patients suffering from this malignancy still face a dismal prognosis. Alkylating agents target DNA, forming the killing lesion O(6)-alkylguanine, which is converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger apoptosis. Here we assessed whether inhibiting repair of DSBs by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a reasonable strategy for sensitizing glioma cells to alkylating agents. For down-regulation of HR in glioma cells, we used an interference RNA (iRNA) approach targeting Rad51 and BRCA2, and for NHEJ we employed the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7026. We also assessed whether inhibition of poly(ADP)ribosyltransferase (PARP) by olaparib would enhance the killing effect. The data show that knockdown of Rad51 or BRCA2 greatly sensitizes cells to DSBs and the induction of cell death following temozolomide and nimustine (ACNU). It did not sensitize to ionizing radiation (IR). The expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) abolished all these effects, indicating that O(6)-alkylguanine induced by these drugs is the primary lesion responsible for the formation of DSBs and increased sensitivity of glioma cells following knockdown of Rad51 and BRCA2. Inhibition of DNA-PK only slightly sensitized to temozolomide whereas a significant effect was observed with IR. A triple strategy including siRNA and the PARP inhibitor olaparib further improved the killing effect of temozolomide. The data provides evidence that down-regulation of Rad51 or BRCA2 is a reasonable strategy for sensitizing glioma cells to killing by O(6)-alkylating anti-cancer drugs. The data also provide proof of principle that a triple strategy involving down-regulation of HR, PARP inhibition and MGMT depletion may greatly enhance the therapeutic effect of temozolomide.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Templated Metal Sites in Porous Organic Hosts:  Application to Reversible Dioxygen Binding (2000)

Porous materials with immobilized metal complexes of defined structure have wide applications in catalysis, gas storage, and sensor technology. Reported herein is the use of template copolymerization methods to design and synthesize reversible dioxygen binding sites in a porous organic host. The immobilized metal sites are formed using molecular precursors including a substitutionally inert Co(III) complex that ensures the desired square-pyramidal coordination geometry around the immobilized metal ions. Analysis of the resulting mesoporous polymer by EPR spectroscopy reveals an equilibrium of four- and five-coordinate sites which is similar to that observed for molecular analogues in solution. This equilibrium is sensitive to the solvent used to suspend the polymer, with the highest percentage of five-coordinate sites (60%) observed in CH3NO2, which is the same solvent used to synthesize the polymer. In the presence of dioxygen ∼90% of the immobilized sites convert to Co−O2 adducts. Dioxygen binding to the material is reversiblerevision to the dioxygen-free form is obtained by purging with N2. The large percentage of sites involved in dioxygen binding can only occur if the spatial arrangement of ligands within the immobilized sites is maintained throughout the copolymerization process. This level of molecular control within the porous organic hosts illustrates the effectiveness of this method for developing metal complexes in solid supports.
Identification of a mouse mutant with highly deficient cytotoxic T cell memory generation using ENU-induced genome-wide mutagenesis (85.7) (2007)

Abstract While much has been learned about CTL memory maintenance, much remains to be learned on the early events of CTL activation or induction phase. Through an ENU-induced genome-wide mouse mutagenesis program, we screened G3 mice using CD44 expression on CD8+ T cells as a surrogate indicator of the relative representation of the CTL memory subset. One such identified mutant (P-054) has highly deficient CD44hi subset within CD8+ T cells but normal CD44hi subset in CD4+ T cells. An affected male mouse was bred to normal females to generate F1 mice that all had normal numbers of CTL memory subset based on CD44 expression. Random intercross of F1 mice generated CTL deficienct F2 mice at a ratio of ~25%, indicating heritability of this trait and recessive transmission. Linkage of the mutant gene has been established to chromosome 4 to within a region of ~30 genes. The mutant mouse (H-2b) was immunized by BALB.B spleen cells (H-2b) and CTL memory T cells were identified by H60 (a BALB/c-encoded minor histocompatibility ag)-sepcific CTL by appropriate pentamers and a highly deficient H60-specific CTL response was seen. Adoptive transfer of 2C TCR tg CD8+ T cells activated in the presence of added IL-4, a condition known to promote strong CTL memory generation, into P-054 mice resulted in potent maintenance of 2C memory T cells. Thus, P-054 can provide an environment required to maintain known memory CD8+ T cells and likely represents a novel mutant model that is deficient in the induction phase of CTL memory generation.