gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i> Visualization of Locally Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Severely Injured Muscle in Rats (2008)

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve the functional outcome after skeletal muscle trauma. The mechanisms behind this improvement have to be answered prior to a future clinical application. We investigated for the first time the in vivo distribution and behavior of MSCs after local transplantation into a severely injured muscle with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Autologous rat MSCs were labeled with very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOPs) and transplanted into the soleus muscle 1 week after an open crush injury. Distribution and migration of the cells were evaluated in vivo over time by the repeated performance of high-resolution MRI at 7 T. Three and 6 weeks after transplantation, the muscles were histologically analyzed. The labeled MSCs could be visualized inside the traumatized muscles 24 h after transplantation showing characteristic signal reductions in T2*-weighted sequences. The hypointense signal could be followed over 6 weeks and could be easily discriminated from the structures of the injured muscle. The cell pools did not migrate inside the muscle and showed a decrease in volume over time. Prussian blue-stained histologic sections showed a topographical correlation of the respective MRI signal and nanoparticle-labeled cells. Fusion events of marked cells with regenerating myofibers could be observed. The presented study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of an in vivo tracking of MSCs with MRI after a severe skeletal muscle injury. The investigated method can be a powerful tool both in experimental setups and in possible clinical applications of stem cell-supported skeletal muscle regeneration.
Isotherm, Kinetic, Process Modeling, and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Framework for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using Fixed Bed Contactors (2021)

Diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks exhibiting step-shaped CO2 adsorption are exceptional candidates for energy-efficient carbon capture. However, there are few studies examining their performance in real-world capture scenarios, in part due to the challenge inherent in modeling their CO2 uptake behavior. Here, we develop a dual-site Sips model to fit experimental CO2 adsorption data for dmpn–Mg2(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane; dobpdc4– = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate) and develop a linear driving force model for the adsorption kinetics based on available experimental data. These models are used to develop a dynamic, fixed bed, nonisothermal contactor model using shaped particles of the material, which is validated with experimental breakthrough data. We also examine the effects of the high heat of adsorption of the material on CO2 uptake performance and find that heat removal is essential to maximize capture performance. We finally investigate “basic” (no bed cooling during adsorption) and “modified” (bed cooling during adsorption) temperature swing adsorption (TSA) processes using dmpn–Mg2(dobpdc), and their process economics are compared to a state-of-the-art monoethanolamine (MEA) capture system with and without heat recovery. In the absence of heat recovery, the adsorbent systems are more costly than established technology. However, with 85% heat recovery, both adsorbent-based TSA processes are projected to cost less than the MEA system. This work highlights that thermal management is vital for implementation of dmpn–Mg2(dobpdc) as a viable CO2 capture technology. Investigation of other contactor technologies that can provide unique ways to manage system heat represent promising future areas of study.
C–H to C–N Cross-Coupling of Sulfonamides with Olefins (2018)

Cross-coupling of nitrogen with hydrocarbons under fragment coupling conditions stands to significantly impact chemical synthesis. Herein, we disclose a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-N fragment coupling reaction between terminal olefins and N-triflyl protected aliphatic and aromatic amines via Pd(II)/SOX (sulfoxide-oxazoline) catalyzed intermolecular allylic C-H amination. A range of (56) allylic amines are furnished in good yields (avg. 75%) and excellent regio- and stereoselectivity (avg. >20:1 linear:branched, >20:1 E: Z). Mechanistic studies reveal that the SOX ligand framework is effective at promoting functionalization by supporting cationic π-allyl Pd.
Dengue virus-specific human CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses in a recipient of an experimental live-attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine: bulk culture proliferation, clonal analysis, and precursor frequency determination (1993)

We analyzed the CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses to dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses 4 months after immunization of a volunteer with an experimental live-attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine (DEN-1 45AZ5). We examined bulk culture proliferation to noninfectious antigens, determined the precursor frequency of specific CD4+ T cells by limiting dilution, and established and analyzed CD4+ T-cell clones. Bulk culture proliferation was predominantly dengue virus type 1 specific with a lesser degree of cross-reactive responses to other dengue virus serotypes, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus. Precursor frequency determination by limiting dilution in the presence of noninfectious dengue virus antigens revealed a frequency of antigen-reactive cells of 1 in 1,686 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for dengue virus type 1, 1 in 9,870 PBMC for dengue virus type 3, 1 in 14,053 PBMC for dengue virus type 2, and 1 in 17,690 PBMC for dengue virus type 4. Seventeen CD4+ T-cell clones were then established by using infectious dengue virus type 1 as antigen. Two patterns of dengue virus specificity were found in these clones. Thirteen clones were dengue virus type 1 specific, and four clones recognized both dengue virus types 1 and 3. Analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction revealed that five clones are HLA-DRw52 restricted, one clone is HLA-DP3 restricted, and one clone is HLA-DP4 restricted. These results indicate that in this individual, the CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses to immunization with live-attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine are predominantly serotype specific and suggest that a multivalent vaccine may be necessary to elicit strong serotype-cross-reactive CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses in such individuals.
Passive Pressure Tube Light Water Reactors (1996)

High-power-rating [≥1000 MW(electric)] passive pressure tube light water–cooled reactors are described that have the ability to reliably discharge decay heat to the ultimate heat sink, without the need to replenish primary coolant in loss-of-coolant accidents, while ensuring the integrity of the fuel and reusability of major reactor components. Evaluation shows that pressure tube reactors have the attractive potential to dissipate the decay heat from voided fuel elements of large-power-rating cores without exceeding safe temperature limits. Two basic versions of a pressure tube light water-cooled and -moderated reactor—the dry and wet calandria concepts—are proposed, and their advantages and limitations are discussed.
Seed defense biopriming with bacterial cyclodipeptides triggers immunity in cucumber and pepper (2017)

Seed priming is to expose seeds to specific compounds to enhance seed germination. Few studies of plant immune activation through seed priming have been conducted. Here, we introduce an emerging technology that combines seed priming with elicitation of plant immunity using biologically active compounds. This technology is named 'seed defense biopriming' (SDB). We prepared heat-stable metabolites from 1,825 root-associated Bacillus spp. isolated from the rhizosphere in South Korea. These preparations were tested for their ability to induce SDB in cucumber and pepper seeds and trigger plant immunity. SDB with heat-stable metabolites of the selected Bacillus gaemokensis strain PB69 significantly reduced subsequent bacterial diseases under in vitro and field conditions and increased fruit yield. Transcriptional analysis of induced resistance marker genes confirmed the upregulation of salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling. Mortality of the insect pest Spodoptera litura increased when larvae fed on SDB-treated cucumber tissues. Analysis of the causative bacterial metabolites identified a leucine-proline cyclodipeptide and a commercially obtained leucine-proline cyclodipeptide induced similar results as treatment with the bacterial preparation. Our results indicate that SDB treatment with the heat-stable bacterial metabolite effectively elicited immunity and controlled disease in seedlings to whole plants, thereby increasing yield even under field conditions.
New capping technique for zone-melting recrystallization of silicon-on-insulator films (1986)

A new capping technique employing high-temperature NH3 annealing has been developed to ensure uniform wetting by the molten Si zone during zone-melting recrystallization of Si-on-insulator films. By using this technique, we have reproducibly prepared 0.5-μm-thick films with 〈100〉 crystalline texture that are greatly improved in smoothness, void density, and thickness uniformity. In addition, recrystallized 1-μm-thick films have been obtained with large areas that are free of subboundaries, containing only threading dislocations at densities of less than 2×106 cm−2.
Photolysis of Staphyloxanthin in Methicillin‐Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Potentiates Killing by Reactive Oxygen Species (2019)

Confronted with the severe situation that the pace of resistance acquisition is faster than the clinical introduction of new antibiotics, health organizations are calling for effective approaches to combat methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infections. Here, an approach to treat MRSA through photolysis of staphyloxanthin, an antioxidant residing in the microdomain of <i>S. aureus</i> membrane, is reported. This photochemistry process is uncovered through transient absorption imaging and quantitated by absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Photolysis of staphyloxanthin transiently elevates the membrane permeability and renders MRSA highly susceptible to hydrogen peroxide attack. Consequently, staphyloxanthin photolysis by low-level 460 nm light eradicates MRSA synergistically with hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species. The effectiveness of this synergistic therapy is well validated in MRSA planktonic culture, MRSA-infected macrophage cells, stationary-phase MRSA, persisters, <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms, and two mice wound infection models. Collectively, the work demonstrates that staphyloxanthin photolysis is a new therapeutic platform to treat MRSA infections.
A design framework for scalable and unified architectures that perform multiplication in GF(p) and GF(2^m) (2004)

The design of multiplication units that are reusable and scalable is of interest for cryptographic applications, where the operand size in bits is usually large, and may significantly change depending on the required level of security or the specific cryptosystem (e.g., RSA or Elliptic Curve). The use of the Montgomery multiplication (MM) method combined with techniques for time and space scheduling generates efficient and general solutions in this arena. MM has proven to be useful in both GF(p) and GF(2^m), and opened up the door for unified architectures designed to accommodate both fields. The scalable design does not rely on particular characteristics of the fields, it is adjustable for the silicon area available, and it does not limit the precision of the operands (variable precision). This way, the design lasts longer. This paper presents a generalization of the concept of scalable and unified architectures for multiplication in GF(p) and GF(2^m). A design framework is initially presented, and followed by a design example of a radix-8 processing element for a scalable and unified MM architecture. Experimental results show the potential of this method.
Three-dimensional flow contrast imaging of deep tissue using noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (2014)

This study extended our recently developed noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flowmetry system into noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) for three-dimensional (3-D) flow imaging of deep tissue. A linear array of 15 photodetectors and two laser sources connected to a mobile lens-focusing system enabled automatic and noncontact scanning of flow in a region of interest. These boundary measurements were combined with a finite element framework for DCT image reconstruction implemented into an existing software package. This technique was tested in computer simulations and using a tissue-like phantom with anomaly flow contrast design. The cylindrical tube-shaped anomaly was clearly reconstructed in both simulation and phantom. Recovered and assigned flow contrast changes in anomaly were found to be highly correlated: regression slope = 1.00, R<sup>2</sup> = 1.00, and p < 10<sup>-5</sup> in simulation and regression slope ≥ 0.97, R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.96, and p < 10<sup>-3</sup> in phantom. These results exhibit promise of our ncDCT technique for 3-D imaging of deep tissue blood flow heterogeneities.
Wi-Fi Goes to Town (2017)

This paper presents the design and implementation of Wi-Fi Goes to Town, the first Wi-Fi based roadside hotspot network designed to operate at vehicular speeds with meter-sized picocells. Wi-Fi Goes to Town APs make delivery decisions to the vehicular clients they serve at millisecond-level granularities, exploiting path diversity in roadside networks. In order to accomplish this, we introduce new buffer management algorithms that allow participating APs to manage each others' queues, rapidly quenching each others' transmissions and flushing each others' queues. We furthermore integrate our fine-grained AP selection and queue management into 802.11's frame aggregation and block acknowledgement functions, making the system effective at modern 802.11 bit rates that need frame aggregation to maintain high spectral efficiency. We have implemented our system in an eight-AP network alongside a nearby road, and evaluate its performance with mobile clients moving at up to 35 mph. Depending on the clients' speed, Wi-Fi Goes to Town achieves a 2.4-4.7x TCP throughput improvement over a baseline fast handover protocol that captures the state of the art in Wi-Fi roaming, including the recent IEEE 802.11k and 802.11r standards.
Enhanced current and power density of micro-scale microbial fuel cells with ultramicroelectrode anodes (2016)

We present a micro-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) with an ultramicroelectrode (UME) anode, with the aim of creating a miniaturized high-current/power-density converter using carbon-neutral and renewable energy sources. Micro-scale MFCs have been studied for more than a decade, yet their current and power densities are still an order of magnitude lower than those of their macro-scale counterparts. In order to enhance the current/power densities, we engineer a concentric ring-shaped UME, with a width of 20 μm, to facilitate the diffusion of ions in the vicinity of the micro-organisms that form biofilm on the UME. The biofilm extends approximately 15 μm from the edge of the UME, suggesting the effective biofilm area increases. Measured current/power densities per the effective area and the original anode area are 7.08 ± 0.01 A m−2 & 3.09 ± 0.04 W m−2 and 17.7 ± 0.03 A m−2 & 7.72 ± 0.09 W m−2, respectively. This is substantially higher than any prior work in micro-scale MFCs, and very close, or even higher, to that of macro-scale MFCs. A Coulombic efficiency, a measure of how efficiently an MFC harvests electrons from donor substrate, of 70%, and an energy conversion efficiency of 17% are marked, highlighting the micro-scale MFC as an attractive alternative within the existing energy conversion portfolio.
Deasphalted oil: a natural asphaltene solvent (1995)

Asphaltene deposition in the near-wellbore region can block pore throats, change wettability characteristics and relative-permeability relationships, and therefore, reduce oil production. Conventional aromatic solvents (e.g., toluene, xylene) alone or in combination with various dispersants are used to remove asphaltene damage from the near-wellbore region. However, these aromatic solvents are expensive and are not environmentally friendly. The objective of this work was to systematically evaluate the asphaltene-solvating power of various non conventional solvents, including deasphalted oil, using a light-scattering technique. Experimental results suggest that deasphalted oil is a strong asphaltene solvent presumably because of its native resin and aromatic contents. Addition of asphaltene dispersants also increases the solubilizing power of the deasphalted oil. Furthermore, various refinery and heavy oil upgrader streams show strong ability to solubilize asphaltenes.
Novel<i>S</i>-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis (2009)

Trypanosomiasis remains a significant disease across the sub-Saharan African continent, with 50,000 to 70,000 individuals infected. The utility of current therapies is limited by issues of toxicity and the need to administer compounds intravenously. We have begun a program to pursue lead optimization around MDL 73811, an irreversible inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). This compound is potent but in previous studies cleared rapidly from the blood of rats (T. L. Byers, T. L. Bush, P. P. McCann, and A. J. Bitonti, Biochem. J. 274:527-533). One of the analogs synthesized (Genz-644131) was shown to be highly active against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro (50% inhibitory concentration, 400 pg/ml). Enzyme kinetic studies showed Genz-644131 to be approximately fivefold more potent than MDL 73811 against the T. brucei brucei AdoMetDC-prozyme complex. This compound was stable in vitro in rat and human liver microsomal and hepatocyte assays, was stable in rat whole-blood assays, did not significantly inhibit human cytochrome P450 enzymes, had no measurable efflux in CaCo-2 cells, and was only 41% bound by serum proteins. Pharmacokinetic studies of mice following intraperitoneal dosing showed that the half-life of Genz-644131 was threefold greater than that of MDL 73811 (7.4 h versus 2.5 h). Furthermore, brain penetration of Genz-644131 was 4.3-fold higher than that of MDL 73811. Finally, in vivo efficacy studies of T. b. brucei strain STIB 795-infected mice showed that Genz-644131 significantly extended survival (from 6.75 days for controls to >30 days for treated animals) and cured animals infected with T. b. brucei strain LAB 110 EATRO. Taken together, the data strengthen validation of AdoMetDC as an important parasite target, and these studies have shown that analogs of MDL 73811 can be synthesized with improved potency and brain penetration.
An electronic zoom video camera using imager scanning control (1991)

An electronic zoom system for video camera use has been developed. Zoom ratios were designed to be smoothly changed vertically and horizontally by controlling imager scanning and line memory scanning, respectively. Two CMOS digital LSIs, a scanning pulse generator, and a signal zoom processor were developed for this electronic zoom system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza type B viruses isolated in Russia, 1987–91 (1993)

Four influenza type B viruses isolated in Russia during periods of relatively low (1987-8) or high (1990-1) influenza B activity were characterized antigenically using a microneutralization assay. These isolates were antigenically similar to contemporary reference strains from either of two separate lineages represented by B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88. The evolutionary relationships of the variable portion of the haemagglutinin (HA1) genes of these viruses were determined by comparison with influenza B HA1 sequences previously obtained. The Isolate B/USSR/2/87, collected during the 1987-8 influenza season, was found to be closely related to viruses on the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage that circulated during the 1988-9 influenza season in the United States. Sequence analysis of the isolates from the 1990-1 influenza season demonstrated cocirculation of viruses from both the B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages in Russia, confirming the antigenic analysis.
Unbalanced Voltage Sag Ride-Through of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine With Series Grid-Side Converter (2009)

Regulatory standards for grid interconnection require wind generators to ride through disturbances such as faults and support the grid during such events. Conventional accommodations for providing voltage sag ride-through for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines result in compromised control of the turbine shaft and grid current during unbalanced faults. This paper presents the analysis and control design of a DFIG wind turbine with a series grid-side converter for ride-through during unbalanced voltage sag events. A dynamic model and control structure is developed for unbalanced operating conditions. Experimental results from 2-kW laboratory hardware are used to verify the proposed concepts. Hardware results illustrate an excellent ride-through response of the DFIG system under various sag conditions.
Novel Terahertz Electric Metamaterials (2007)

Planar electric metamaterials and their inverse structures are demonstrated to show complementary electrical resonant behavior in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Simulations and measured data agree well and illustrate potential applicability of these materials for terahertz devices.
Section Review: Recent progress in the development of leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>antagonists (1994)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent proinflammatory lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. It is a powerful chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils and exhibits effects on other cell types as well. This eicosanoid has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases including asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, contact dermatitis, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, gout, myocardial ischaemia, NSAID-induced gastropathy, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus orally active and non-toxic antagonists of LTB4 could prove to be novel anti-inflammatory drugs with potential advantages over existing therapies. This article reviews recent developments regarding the discovery of second generation LTB4 antagonists with sufficient potency and oral activity in animal models to justify clinical examination in humans. It is hoped that such trials will lead to new treatment modalities for inflammatory disorders.
Identification, Cloning, and Sequencing of a cDNA Coding for Rat -Glutamyl Hydrolase (1996)

Purified gamma-glutamyl hydrolase secreted from rat H35 hepatoma cells has been characterized as a diffuse band of 55 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that is converted to bands of 35 and 33 kDa after enzymatic removal of N-linked carbohydrate. Polyclonal antibodies against 55-kDa gamma-glutamyl hydrolase captured the enzyme activity and recognized the glycosylated and both deglycosylated forms of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase. A complete cDNA sequence of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase was obtained using degenerate oligonucleotides derived from peptide sequences, screening of a rat hepatoma cDNA library, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Based upon the deduced amino acid sequence the peptide component of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase had a molecular weight of 33,400. The results of amino acid analysis of the purified protein agreed with the deduced amino acid sequence in which there are seven potential asparagine-containing glycosylation sites.