gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5‐<i>b</i>]quinoxaline Ribonucleosides as Linear Dimensional Analogs of Antiviral Polyhalogenated Benzimidazole Ribonucleosides (1998)

Abstract We have recently found that 2,5,6‐trichloro‐1‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB) and the corresponding 2‐bromo analog have better in vitro activities against HCMV than the clinically used agents ganciclovir and foscarnet. These benzimidazole nucleosides act by a unique mechanism, however, their biological target has not been completely identified. As an approach to probing the target, we have designed imidazo[4,5‐ b ]quinoxaline nucleosides as linear dimensional analogs of the benzimidazole nucleosides to study the spatial limitation of the binding site in the target enzyme. A convenient route was developed for the synthesis of 2‐substituted 6,7‐dichloroimidazo[4,5‐ b ]quinoxalines involving a reaction of 2,3,6,7‐tetrachloroquinoxaline with ammonia followed by a ring annulation as the key step. This furnished the versatile heterocycle 6,7‐dichloroimidazo[4,5‐ b ]quinoxalin‐2‐one. Ribosylation of 2‐substituted imidazo[4,5‐ b ]quinoxalines was influenced by the functional group at the 2‐position and the 2‐one compound was found to smoothly undergo ribosylation. The 2‐one group of the nucleoside was converted into specifically selected 2‐substituted compounds. Evaluation of the compounds for activity against two herpesviruses and for cytotoxicity showed they were less active and/or more cytotoxic than TCRB. We conclude therefore, that the binding pocket on the protein target of TCRB will tolerate some electronic and size changes.
Sm-p80-based DNA vaccine made in a human use approved vector VR1020 protects against challenge infection with<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>in mouse (2009)

Although there is an effective drug (praziquantel) available for the treatment of schistosomiasis, yet the disease is still spreading unabated and is rampant in 76 countries. Control via praziquantel treatment has so far been insufficient in reducing the disease transmission. Therefore, a vaccine in addition to other strategies, for example, improving sanitation and introduction of new drugs are essential to successfully control and eventually eradicate schistosomiasis. To this effect, we have targeted a functionally important antigen, Sm-p80 as a vaccine candidate. In this study, full length cDNA of Sm-p80 was cloned in VR1020, a FDA approved vector for human use. The protective efficacy of this vaccine formulation was tested in a murine model. Sm-p80-VR1020 vaccine formulation was able to induce 47% reduction in worm burden. Serology on samples obtained from vaccinated animals revealed a strong antibody response which included IgG and all of its subtypes, IgM and IgA. Proliferating splenocytes in response to recombinant Sm-p80 produced a wide spectrum of cytokines representing Th1, Th2 and Th17 types, as ascertained via RT-PCR analysis. These findings further strengthen the importance of Sm-p80 molecule as a vaccine candidate for intestinal schistosomiasis.
Fermentative Production of<scp>l</scp>-Proline by<scp>dl</scp>-3,4-Dehydroproline Resistant Mutants of<scp>l</scp>-Glutamate Producing Bacteria (1982)

Journal Article Fermentative Production of l-Proline by dl-3,4-Dehydroproline Resistant Mutants of l-Glutamate Producing Bacteria Get access Shigeru Nakamori, Shigeru Nakamori Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hajimu Morioka, Hajimu Morioka Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumihiro Yoshinaga, Fumihiro Yoshinaga Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeru Yamanaka Shigeru Yamanaka Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 2, 1 February 1982, Pages 487–491, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865087 Published: 01 February 1982 Article history Received: 20 August 1981 Published: 01 February 1982
<title>Design and analysis of optimal adaptive de-jitter buffers</title> (2002)

In order to transfer voice or some other application requiring real-time presentation over a packet network we need a de-jitter buffer to eliminate delay jitters. An important design parameter is the depth of the de-jitter buffer since it influences two important parameters controlling voice quality, namely voice-path delay and packet loss probability. In this paper we propose and study several schemes for optimally adjusting the depth of the de-jitter buffer. In addition to de-jitter-buffer depth adjustments within a call, the initial value and rates of changes of the de-jitter buffer depth are allowed to depend on the class of the call and are adaptively adjusted (upwards or downwards) for every new call based on voice-path delay and packet loss probability measurements over one or more previous calls. Parameter adjustments are geared towards either (a) minimizing voice-path delay while maintaining a packet loss probability objective, or (b) maximizing R-Factor, an objective measure of voice quality that depends both on the voice-path delay and the packet loss probability. Using simulation models it is shown that adaptive schemes perform better than static ones and adaptive schemes with learning perform better than ones without learning.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of PEGylated silver–graphene quantum dots nanocomposites (2015)

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major threat to world-wide public health. Functionalized nanoparticles could offer novel strategies in this post-antibiotic era. In this study, we developed nanocomposites of silver nanoparticles decorated with graphene quantum dots (Ag-GQDs) using pulsed laser synthesis. The nanocomposites were PEGylated, which increases their biocompatibility and solubility in aqueous solutions. The HR-TEM micrographs of bare GQDs show that their size is in the range of 1.6–4 nm, and the lattice spacing is 0.214 nm, which corresponds to the (1 0 0) lattice fringes of graphene. The antibacterial activity of Ag-GQDs was evaluated and compared to that of bare GQDs and commercial silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as model bacteria, respectively. Concentration values of 25 and 50 μg/mL are required for Ag-GQDs to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria, respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index is below 0.5 indicating that there is a synergistic effect between Ag-NPs and GQDs. Kirby–Bauer tests showed that Ag-GQDs inhibit P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, in contrast to bare GQDs and Ag-NPs alone. Cell viability of normal mammalian cells treated with Ag-GQDs showed that cell viability is maintained at 100% for cells incubated with Ag-GQDs. The decoration of Ag-NPs with GQDs minimizes their cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and increases their biocompatibility. Ag-GQDs have potential applications in the fabrication of antibacterial coatings, self-sterile textiles, and personal care products.
Utilization of Rad51C promoter for transcriptional targeting of cancer cells (2014)

Cancer therapy that specifically targets malignant cells with minimal or no toxicity to normal tissue has been a long-standing goal of cancer research. Rad51 expression is elevated in a wide range of cancers and Rad51 promoter has been used to transcriptionally target tumor cells, however, a large size of Rad51 promoter limits its application for gene therapy. To identify novel tumor-specific promoters, we examined expression levels of Rad51 paralogs, Rad51B, Rad51C, and Rad51D as well as Rad52 in a panel of normal and tumor cell lines. We found that Rad51C is significantly overexpressed in cancer cells. The expression was up-regulated by approximately 6-fold at the mRNA level and 9-fold at the protein level. Interestingly, the 2064 bp long Rad51C promoter fragment was approximately 300-fold higher in cancer cells than in normal cells. A construct containing Rad51C promoter driving diphtheria toxin A efficiently killed several types of cancer cells with very mild effect to normal cells. These results underscore the potential of targeting the homologous recombination pathway in cancer cells and provide a proof of principle that the Rad51C promoter fragment can be used to transcriptionally target cancer cells.
Making CCS Pay for Itself: Storage Strategies in Geopressured-Geothermal Aquifers (2013)

Development of the current approach to carbon capture and sequestration from coal-fired power plants has several technical, environmental and economic constraints. Production of brine while storing CO2 in the aquifer greatly mitigates some of the technical and environmental difficulties. In the case of geopressured-geothermal aquifers, brine production can yield methane and geothermal energy that exceeds the energy required for the capture and storage process. A reservoir simulation study was performed on a simple geopressured-geothermal aquifer model to investigate the amount of produced energy versus amount of stored CO2. The power requirements for CO2 capture and pressurization of injected CO2 and brine were compared to the power that could be achieved from produced energy.
In situ synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles using arc-discharge in solution method (2004)

A unique, simple, inexpensive, and one-step synthesis route to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with palladium nanoparticles using a simplified dc arc-discharge in solution is reported. Zero-loss energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy confirm the presence of 3nm palladium nanoparticles. Such palladium nanoparticles form during the reduction of palladium tetra-chloro-square-planar complex. The deconvoluted x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy envelope shows the presence of palladium on the decorated CNTs. The energy dispersive spectroscopy suggests no functionalization of atomic chlorine to the sidewall of the CNTs. The presence of dislodged graphene sheets with wavy morphology supports the formation of CNTs through the “scroll mechanism.”
Hyper-Hitchcock: Towards the Easy Authoring of Interactive Video. (2003)

Elastofibroma Dorsi (EFD) is a rare pseudo-tumor characterized by the overgrowth of elastic fibers mixed to adipose and connective tissues typically growing in the subscapular region. This can be bilateral but only rarely synchronous affecting different anatomical sites at the same time. Hereby we present a case of a 42-year-old male patient found with three different metachronous elastofibromas: bilateral EFD and a further third localization by the right elbow. The two EFs in the subscapular region were resected. After surgery pain reoccurred on the right side. This required the implantation of a spinal electro-stimulator. The elbow lesion was not excised as it was asymptomatic.
The synthesis of oligonucleotide-polyamide conjugate molecules suitable as PCR primers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of oligonucleotide-polyamide conjugate molecules suitable as PCR primersGlenn Tong, John M. Lawlor, Geoffrey W. Tregear, and Jim HaralambidisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 8, 2223–2231Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00060a044Request reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Toward an operational water vapor remote sensing system using the global positioning system (1995)

Water vapor is one of the most important constituents of the free atmosphere since it is the principal mechanism by which moisture and latent heat are transported and cause weather. Recent experiments have demonstrated that data from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites can be used to monitor precipitable water vapor (PWV) with millimeter accuracy and sub-hourly temporal resolution. Major advantages of GPS-based systems include the following: they work under virtually all weather conditions; individual systems do not have to be calibrated; and, they are relatively inexpensive.
Understand driver awareness through brake behavior analysis: Reactive versus intended hard brake (2017)

Driving is a highly dynamic activity where drivers' awareness to the traffic environment plays the essential role for successful performance. Easy, smooth driving depends on drivers' awareness to develop situation-specific expectations, where infrequent or unexpected situations are not taken into account. Understanding these unexpected situations provides important insight on driver situation awareness and accident prevention. This study takes advantage of recent development of wearable devices and uses driver physiological signals to identify such unexpected situations during driver hard brake. Based on a naturalistic driving dataset, we define two types of hard brake behavior: reactive and intended hard brake. The reactive hard brake relates to drivers reacting to unexpected situations that usually leads to deviated physiological signals due to stress. The intended hard brake relates to planned maneuver implementation that consists of stable physiological signals. By using the human evaluation, we identified the different situations in which these two types of hard brake occurs. Clear difference is observed between these two groups of situations. Our goal is to identify features that are representative of these two type of road environment, especially the situations where unexpected reactive hard brake happens. Following this direction, we extracted features from Lidar depth scanner to represent the road scene, and applied both lasso regression and logistic regression classifier for feature analysis. The regression model achieves high correlation of 0.77 between the prediction and the ground truth while the classification achieves F-score of 0.76. The selected Lidar features can serve as high level road scene representation that facilitate next generation advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to prevent accident in unexpected traffic scenarios.
Anti-Tumor Efficacy of a Novel Antisense Anti-MDM2 Mixed-Backbone Oligonucleotide in Human Colon Cancer Models: p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Mechanisms (2002)

These results suggest that MDM2 have a role in tumor growth through both p53-dependent and p53- independent mechanisms. We speculate that MDM2 inhibitors have a broad spectrum of antitumor activities in human cancers regardless of p53 status. This study should provide a basis for future development of anti-MDM2 antisense oligonucleotides as cancer therapeutic agents used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.
Measurement of laser-excited fluorescence spectra of individual airborne biological particles (2006)

We are developing laser based fluorescence particle counters and spectrum analyzers which should be useful for real-time monitoring of airborne bacteria, proteins or other particles. Improved methods for detecting and characterizing airborne particles could be useful in applications such as studying the spread of diseases of plants, animals, and humans, or determining the sources of particles in clean rooms. Many airborne bacteria, pollens and viruses are of medical, agricultural, or ecological interest. Some diseases of humans (e.g., tuberculosis), of farm animals, of agricultural crops, and of forest trees are commonly transmitted through the air. Some airborne pollens cause allergies in humans. Bacteria (e.g., Bacillus thuringensis) used to control certain pests are commonly disseminated through the air.
Design and Synthesis of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Hexahydrofuropyranol-Derived High Affinity P<sub>2</sub> Ligands: Structure−Activity Studies and Biological Evaluation (2010)

The design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new series of hexahydrofuropyranol-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors are described. We have designed a stereochemically defined hexahydrofuropyranol-derived urethane as the P2-ligand. The current ligand is designed based upon the X-ray structure of 1a-bound HIV-1 protease. The synthesis of (3aS,4S,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[2,3-b]pyran-4-ol, (-)-7, was carried out in optically active form. Incorporation of this ligand provided inhibitor 35a, which has shown excellent enzyme inhibitory activity and antiviral potency. Our structure-activity studies have indicated that the stereochemistry and the position of oxygens in the ligand are important to the observed potency of the inhibitor. Inhibitor 35a has maintained excellent potency against multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. An active site model of 35a was created based upon the X-ray structure of 1b-bound HIV-1 protease. The model offers molecular insights regarding ligand-binding site interactions of the hexahydrofuropyranol-derived novel P2-ligand.
Equalization for antenna-pattern measurements: Established technique - New application (2003)

This paper describes a novel system that overcomes the inaccuracies in antenna radiation-pattern measurements caused by multipath propagation. The system operates by specifically correcting for the effects of unwanted signals, rather than by attempting to remove, or minimize, them through the use of screens, or baffles, or an anechoic chamber. An equalization technique is used, the parameters of the equalizer(s) being determined from a special measurement of the antenna range under consideration. The method is generally applicable; it may be implemented ab initio in new indoor or outdoor ranges, or retrofitted to existing ranges to improve accuracy. Most importantly, however, the basic idea leads to the design of a completely new type of real-time three-dimensional range, in which sensors are placed on the surface of an imaginary sphere surrounding the antenna under test (AUT), and an anechoic chamber is not required.
<title>Automated search and retrieval of information from imaged documents using optical correlation techniques</title> (1999)

Litton PRC and Litton Data Systems Division are developing a system, the Imaged Document Optical Correlation and Conversion System (IDOCCS), to provide a total solution to the problem of managing and retrieving textual and graphic information from imaged document archives. At the heart of IDOCCS, optical correlation technology provides the search and retrieval of information from imaged documents. IDOCCS can be used to rapidly search for key words or phrases within the imaged document archives. In addition, IDOCCS can automatically compare an input document with the archived database to determine if it is a duplicate, thereby reducing the overall resources required to maintain and access the document database. Embedded graphics on imaged pages can also be exploited; e.g., imaged documents containing an agency's seal or logo can be singled out. In this paper, we present a description of IDOCCS as well as preliminary performance results and theoretical projections.
Hydrocarbon and Carbon Nanostructures Produced by Sonochemical Reactions of Organic Solvents on Hydrogen-Passivated Silicon Nanowires under Ambient Conditions (2005)

A simple sonochemical solution method using silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as templates has been developed to synthesize a wide variety of carbon nanostructures under ambient conditions (room temperature and atmosphere pressure). In addition to the conventional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nano-onions (CNOs), with interlayer spacings of 3.4 Å, a new class of hydrocarbon nanostructures, characterized as hydrocarbon nanotubes (HCNTs) and nano-onions (HCNOs), which exhibit variable interlayer spacings greater than 3.4 Å, has been discovered. A wide variety of morphologies of these hydrocarbon nanostructures were observed, including, but not limited to, tubes (both solid and hollow tubes); onions (both solid and hollow onions); tubular networks; open, closed, or connected loops or other networks; and twisted tubes or loops. Strong evidence for the templating effect of the SiNWs, including the molding and the demolding (extrusion) processes, were provided by direct transmission electron microscopic observations. The structure and bonding characteristics of this class of hydrocarbon nanomaterials were probed by single-nanowire electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The distinctive properties of the hydrocarbon nanotubes and nano-onions, which are different from those of the conventional carbon nanotubes and nano-onions, are also discussed. Based on these experimental observations, mechanistic pathways for the formation of these nanostructures are proposed.
Generation of random-hole optical fiber (2003)

A new form of holey optical fiber, the random-hole optical fiber, has been devised. The hole structure is produced by generating bubbles in a powdered silica cladding. The bubbles are then drawn into tubules of random size, location, and length during the fiber-draw process. Although the tubes are not continuous along the length of the fiber, as has been the case in previous holey fibers, the tubes are very long, and the average number of holes in any cross section is large. Waveguide losses of approximately 1.55 dB/m have been measured.
Dynamically replicated memory (2010)

DRAM is facing severe scalability challenges in sub-45nm tech- nology nodes due to precise charge placement and sensing hur- dles in deep-submicron geometries. Resistive memories, such as phase-change memory (PCM), already scale well beyond DRAM and are a promising DRAM replacement. Unfortunately, PCM is write-limited, and current approaches to managing writes must de- commission pages of PCM when the first bit fails.
On the importance of glottal flow spectral energy for the recognition of emotions in speech (2010)

Two new approaches to feature extraction for automatic emotion classification in speech are described and tested. The methods are based on recent laryngological experiments testing the glottal air flow during phonation. The proposed approach calculates the area under the spectral energy envelope of the speech signal (AUSEES) and the glottal waveform (AUSEEG). The new methods provided very high recognition rates for seven emotions (contempt, angry, anxious, dysphoric, pleasant, neutral and happy). The speech data included 170 adult speakers (95 female and 75 male). The classification results showed that the new features provided significantly higher classification results (89.95% for AUSEEG, 76.07% for AUSEES) compared to the baseline MFCC approach (37.81%). The glottal waveform based AUSEEG features provided better results than the speech based AUSEES features, indicating that the majority of the emotion information is likely to be added to speech during the glottal wave formation