gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistor Emulation Approach to Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting (2008)

This paper presents an approach and associated circuitry for harvesting near maximum output power from electromagnetic waves in the RF/microwave region of the spectrum with variable incident power densities in the range of tens of muW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It is shown that open loop resistor emulation at the input port of a power converter is a suitable solution for tracking the peak power point of a low-power rectifying antenna source over a wide range of incident RF power densities. A boost converter with a simple low-power control approach for resistor emulation is presented. A hardware design example with detailed efficiency analysis is given using commercially available discrete circuitry. Experimental results are presented for a system harvesting 420 muW to 8 muW from a 6 cm times 6 cm rectifying antenna with incident RF power ranging from 70 muW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 30 muW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The results demonstrate that resistor emulation is a simple and practical approach to energy harvesting with variable low-power radiative RF sources.
Total Synthesis of Valerenic Acid, a Potent GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor Modulator (2009)

The first total synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid valerenic acid, a constituent of Valeriana officinalis, is described. The compound is a potent modulator of the GABA(A) receptor and may thus be useful in the treatment of various dysfunctions of the central nervous system. The synthesis is enantio-, diastereo-, and regiocontrolled and utilizes an enyne-RCM, a metal-coordinated Diels-Alder reaction, a hydroxy-directed Crabtree hydrogenation, and a Negishi methylation as key steps.
Initial experience in primal-dual optimization reconstruction from sparse-PET patient data (2016)

There exists interest in designing a PET system with reduced detectors due to cost concerns, while not significantly compromising the PET utility. Recently developed optimization-based algorithms, which have demonstrated the potential clinical utility in image reconstruction from sparse CT data, may be used for enabling such design of innovative PET systems. In this work, we investigate a PET configuration with reduced number of detectors, and carry out preliminary studies from patient data collected by use of such sparse-PET configuration. We consider an optimization problem combining Kullback-Leibler (KL) data fidelity with an image TV constraint, and solve it by using a primal-dual optimization algorithm developed by Chambolle and Pock. Results show that advanced algorithms may enable the design of innovative PET configurations with reduced number of detectors, while yielding potential practical PET utilities.
25-Azavitamin D3, an inhibitor of vitamin D metabolism and action. (1979)

25-Azavitamin D3 inhibited both the bone calcium mobilization and intestinal calcium transport responses of rats to vitamin D3 but not to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Although 25-azavitamin D3 had no effect on the response of bone to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, it did diminish the response of the intestine to that metabolite. 25-Azavitamin D3 increased liver vitamin D content and reduced the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 required to inhibit the metabolism of vitamin D3 (75 and 200 microgram) were similar to the doses of 25-azavitamin D3 required to inhibit the action of vitamin D3 in vivo (50 and 150 microgram). 25-Azavitamin D3 is thus a vitamin D antagonist, acting for the most part via inhibition of the liver 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3.
Alz‐50 Antibody recognizes alzheimer‐related neuronal changes (1988)

Alz-50 is a monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present in Alzheimer's disease. Unlike conventional pathological stains that reveal only neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), Alz-50 recognizes neurons that contain NFTs and additional neurons that do not. Our investigation of the topographical distribution of both NFT-containing and non-NFT-containing neurons recognized by Alz-50 reveals that they are both found primarily in certain cytoarchitectural areas and lamina that have been established as consistent sites for NFT pathology. Some of the neurons recognized by Alz-50 appear histopathologically normal. We suggest that Alz-50 recognizes an antigen in neurons that both precedes and accompanies NFT formation. Thus, it may mark a point early in cellular pathology before irreversible cytoskeletal and degenerative changes occur.
The Behavior of Free Lime in CFBC Ashes (2003)

Ash disposal and ash use are critical to FBC technology and in turn the reactions of FBC ash with water are key to both of these two issues. An effective ash reactivation technology would improve the economics for FBC firing of high-sulphur fuels. Similarly, controlled ash hydration before disposal is the standard method for conditioning FBC ashes when firing high-sulphur fuels with limestone addition. Ashes can be hydrated with liquid water or by steam under pressure and our earlier work suggested that when FBC ashes were hydrated by either method, the components derived from the coal and those from the sorbent can interact chemically. As a result, the amount of “free CaO” (defined as the proportion of CaO and Ca(OH)2, expressed as CaO) may change. Usually, “free CaO” increases after hydration, particularly under pressure. However, there is also evidence that some of the CaO, derived from excess limestone sorbent, enters into reaction with the ash components, possibly silica or silicates. Such processes must modify the exothermicity of the ashes with water and affect their subsequent behaviour. This implies that it is incorrect to assume, as has often been done, that the heat of the hydration process is directly proportional to the CaO content of the ash. Furthermore, the results presented here also strongly support the view that one must include these interactions when looking at FBC hydration.
Reduction of threshold current in GaAlAs terraced substrate lasers (1981)

An improved structure of a terraced substrate (TS) laser is presented. The injected current distribution is calculated and compared with that in a conventional TS laser. It is shown that 90 percent of the total current is injected in a filamentary stripe region between the two bends of the active layer by the improved structure. A TS laser with a very low threshold current of 12 mA is obtained at a cavity length of 120 μm under continuous operation. Output powers obtained by the TS laser with and without a facet coating are 70 and 40 mW per facet, respectively. The improved TS laser shows both stable fundamental and longitudinal mode oscillations as in the conventional TS laser. The operating time of TS lasers is estimated to be more than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{5}</tex> h at room temperature from the result of accelerated life tests at the high temperature of 70°C.
Wire-Wound Multi-Phase Stator Based EMEH with MPPT Self-Powered Energy Management System (2020)

This paper presents a cost-effective electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) based on wire-wound technology. It also shows the energy management system used to convert the EMEH's AC voltage to a DC one. The EH system is self-powered and does not require external sources or pre charge of any of its components and provides maximum power point tracking.
Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Optical Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensators and Electronic Equalizers Including Forward Error Correction (2008)

A method to test the dynamic performance of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensators (PMDCs) is presented. The dynamic performance of an optical PMDC combined with electronic equalizers is measured before and after forward error correction.
Robust CAR-T memory formation and function via hematopoietic stem cell delivery (2021)

Due to the durability and persistence of reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is insufficient in eradicating infection. Achieving HIV-1 cure or sustained remission without ART treatment will require the enhanced and persistent effective antiviral immune responses. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells have emerged as a powerful immunotherapy and show promise in treating HIV-1 infection. Persistence, trafficking, and maintenance of function remain to be a challenge in many of these approaches, which are based on peripheral T cell modification. To overcome many of these issues, we have previously demonstrated successful long-term engraftment and production of anti-HIV CAR T cells in modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo. Here we report the development and in vivo testing of second generation CD4-based CARs (CD4CAR) against HIV-1 infection using a HSCs-based approach. We found that a modified, truncated CD4-based CAR (D1D2CAR) allows better CAR-T cell differentiation from gene modified HSCs, and maintains similar CTL activity as compared to the full length CD4-based CAR. In addition, D1D2CAR does not mediate HIV infection or stimulation mediated by IL-16, suggesting lower risk of off-target effects. Interestingly, stimulatory domains of 4-1BB but not CD28 allowed successful hematopoietic differentiation and improved anti-viral function of CAR T cells from CAR modified HSCs. Addition of 4-1BB to CD4 based CARs led to faster suppression of viremia during early untreated HIV-1 infection. D1D2CAR 4-1BB mice had faster viral suppression in combination with ART and better persistence of CAR T cells during ART. In summary, our data indicate that the D1D2CAR-41BB is a superior CAR, showing better HSC differentiation, viral suppression and persistence, and less deleterious functions compared to the original CD4CAR, and should continue to be pursued as a candidate for clinical study.
Remodeling of Mouse Milk Glycoconjugates by Transgenic Expression of a Human Glycosyltransferase (1995)

The mammary gland is a unique biosynthetic tissue that produces a variety of species-specific glycoconjugates, but the factors regulating the production of specific glycoconjugates are not well understood. To explore the underlying regulation, a fusion gene containing a cDNA encoding the human alpha 1,2-fucosyltransferase (alpha 1,2FT), which generates the H-blood group antigen, flanked by the murine whey acidic protein promoter and a polyadenylation signal, was introduced into mice. Milk samples from transgenic animals contained soluble forms of the alpha 1,2FT, as revealed by Western blots of milk samples using an anti-alpha 1,2FT antiserum and by the demonstration of alpha 1,2FT enzyme activity. Milk from transgenic animals also contained large quantities of 2'-fucosyllactose (Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4Glc) and modified glycoproteins containing the H-antigen, whereas milk from control animals lacked these glycoconjugates. Expression levels of 2'-fucosyllactose were high in most animals and represented 1/3 to nearly 1/2 of the total milk oligosaccharides. These results demonstrate that heterologous transgenic expression of a glycosyltransferase can result in the expression of both the transgene and its secondary gene products and that the structures of milk oligosaccharides can be remodeled depending on expression of the appropriate enzyme. Furthermore, these results suggest that the lactating mammary gland may be a unique biosynthetic reactor for the production of biologically active oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
Simultaneous Analysis of Hop Bittering Components by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and its Application to the Practical Brewing (1985)

Simultaneous analysis for α-, β-, and iso-α-acids has been improved to allow the complete determination of nine major hop bittering components with a single assay method in less than 30 min. The improvements for separation of each analog of both α- and β-acids were as follows: a pH gradient (pH 3.0–5.3) with ion pairing was used based on the pK of their individual analogs, and the detection wavelength of 302 nm was chosen, as the absorbance for each analog does not change between pH 2.7 and pH 7.2 (isosbestic point). These improvements progressively increased both resolution and precision. The method is sufficiently simple, rapid, and reproducible for routine analysis in the brewery. This method has been successfully applied to the control of the hop bittering components during the brewing process from hops to finished beer.
A Peptidyl Inhibitor that Blocks Calcineurin–NFAT Interaction and Prevents Acute Lung Injury (2020)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory lung disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate, for which no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. Our previous studies discovered that a pivotal step in the disease process is the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c3 in lung macrophages, suggesting that inhibitors against the upstream protein phosphatase calcineurin should be effective for prevention/treatment of ARDS. Herein, we report the development of a highly potent, cell-permeable, and metabolically stable peptidyl inhibitor, CNI103, which selectively blocks the interaction between calcineurin and NFATc3, through computational and medicinal chemistry. CNI103 specifically inhibited calcineurin signaling <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, broad tissue distribution following different routes of administration, and minimal toxicity. Our data indicate that CNI103 is a promising novel treatment for ARDS and other inflammatory diseases.
A novel human model of the neurodegenerative disease <scp>GM1</scp> gangliosidosis using induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrates inflammasome activation (2015)

GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene. Insufficient β-gal activity leads to abnormal accumulation of GM1 gangliosides in tissues, particularly in the central nervous system, resulting in progressive neurodegeneration. Here, we report an in vitro human GM1 model, based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. Neural progenitor cells differentiated from GM1 patient-derived iPSCs (GM1-NPCs) recapitulated the biochemical and molecular phenotypes of GM1, including defective β-gal activity and increased lysosomes. Importantly, the characterization of GM1-NPCs established that GM1 is significantly associated with the activation of inflammasomes, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Specific inflammasome inhibitors potently alleviated the disease-related phenotypes of GM1-NPCs in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that GM1-NPCs are a valuable in vitro human GM1 model and suggest that inflammasome activation is a novel target pathway for GM1 drug development.
A novel method for finding grasping handles in a clutter using RGBD Gaussian mixture models (2021)

Abstract The paper proposes a novel method to detect graspable handles for picking objects from a confined and cluttered space, such as the bins of a rack in a retail warehouse. The proposed method combines color and depth curvature information to create a Gaussian mixture model that can segment the target object from its background and imposes the geometrical constraints of a two-finger gripper to localize the graspable regions. This helps in overcoming the limitations of a poorly trained deep network object detector and provides a simple and efficient method for grasp pose detection that does not require a priori knowledge about object geometry and can be implemented online with near real-time performance. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation as well as real-world experiment.
Combining Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based Multispectral Imagery and Ground-Based Hyperspectral Data for Plant Nitrogen Concentration Estimation in Rice (2018)

Plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) is a critical indicator of N status for crops, and can be used for N nutrition diagnosis and management. This work aims to explore the potential of multispectral imagery from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for PNC estimation and improve the estimation accuracy with hyperspectral data collected in the field with a hyperspectral radiometer. In this study we combined selected vegetation indices (VIs) and texture information to estimate PNC in rice. The VIs were calculated from ground and aerial platforms and the texture information was obtained from UAV-based multispectral imagery. Two consecutive years (2015 & 2016) of experiments were conducted, involving different N rates, planting densities and rice cultivars. Both UAV flights and ground spectral measurements were taken along with destructive samplings at critical growth stages of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.). After UAV imagery preprocessing, both VIs and texture measurements were calculated. Then the optimal normalized difference texture index (NDTI) from UAV imagery was determined for separated stage groups and the entire season. Results demonstrated that aerial VIs performed well only for pre-heading stages (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.52-0.70), and photochemical reflectance index and blue N index from ground (PRI<sub>g</sub> and BNI<sub>g</sub>) performed consistently well across all growth stages (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.48-0.65 and 0.39-0.68). Most texture measurements were weakly related to PNC, but the optimal NDTIs could explain 61 and 51% variability of PNC for separated stage groups and entire season, respectively. Moreover, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) models combining aerial VIs and NDTIs did not significantly improve the accuracy of PNC estimation, while models composed of BNI<sub>g</sub> and optimal NDTIs exhibited significant improvement for PNC estimation across all growth stages. Therefore, the integration of ground-based narrow band spectral indices with UAV-based textural information might be a promising technique in crop growth monitoring.
On the storage and retrieval of continuous media data (1994)

Continuous media applications, which require a guaranteed transfer rate of the data, are becoming an integral part of daily computational life. However, conventional file systems do not provide rate guarantees, and are therefore not suitable for the storage and retrieval of continuous media data (e.g., audio, video). To meet the demands of these new applications, continuous media file systems, which provide rate guarantees by managing critical storage resources such as memory and disks, must be designed.
D-amino acid-substituted atrial natriuretic peptide analogs reveal novel receptor recognition requirements. (1988)

The introduction of D-amino acid residues into peptide hormones has been traditionally utilized in structure-activity studies to probe the conformational requirements of ligand-receptor interactions.A study was undertaken to examine the effect of D-amino acid substitutions into the atrial natriuretic peptide molecule on interactions with distinct subpopulations of specific membrane-associated receptors of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.Competitive binding analysis revealed that each of 15 synthetic D-aminO acid-substituted analogs showed comparable affinities for C-ANP receptors, a class of specific receptors which have been proposed to mediate the sequestration and metabolic clearance of ANP.The relative affinities of all 15 analogs did not differ more than 10-fold.In contrast, the interaction of the ANP analogs with a second receptor pool (B-ANP receptors), which is coupled to the stimulation of particulate guanylate cyclase, varied over a 1000-fold range of potency consistent with expectations for a receptor that displays rigorous conformational specificity.The indiscriminant selectivity of C-ANP receptors for D-amino acid-substituted ANP analogs is unprecedented for hormone receptors involved in biological signal transduction.These results, when coupled with the inability to correlate any direct in vitro biological effect associated with C-ANP receptor occupancy supports the hypothesis that the C-ANP receptor protein is a novel transport protein involved in the metabolic clearance of ANP.Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)' is a hormone that regulates blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume.Specific receptors for ANP have been identified in numerous target cells and tissues, including endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the vasculature, epithelial and mesangial cells of the renal glomerulus, the renal papilla, the adrenal, the pituitary, and various regions of the brain (1).A broad role for ANP in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis is inferred by this widespread distribution of specific receptors.Recent investigations have demonstrated that the ANP receptor population is heterogenous (2-6).Pharmacological and biochemical studies have led to the identification of at
Integrated multifunction antenna for mobile terrestrial and satellite communications (2012)

This work presents an integrated multifunction antenna based on new traveling-wave (TW) antenna technologies that can handle multiple terrestrial and satellite communications on mobile platforms. The terrestrial omnidirectional part of the antenna has been demonstrated to have an ultrawide bandwidth over 100:1, with feasibility of 1000:1 or more. The antenna is miniaturized and low-cost, thus attractive for applications on automobiles and other small platforms. The basic design configurations and their measured performance, as well as details on a breadboard model covering terrestrial communications and GPS L1, are discussed.
Synthesis method for amorphous metallic foam (2004)

A synthesis method for the production of amorphous metallic foam is introduced. This method utilizes the thermodynamic stability and thermoplastic formability of the supercooled liquid state to produce low-density amorphous metallic foams in dimensions that are not limited to the critical casting thickness. The method consists of three stages: the prefoaming stage, in which a large number of small bubbles are created in the equilibrium liquid under pressure; the quenching stage, in which the liquid prefoam is quenched to its amorphous state; the foam expansion stage, in which the amorphous prefoam is reheated to the supercooled liquid region and is processed under pressures substantially lower than those applied in the prefoaming step. Results from a dynamic model suggest that the foam expansion process is feasible, as the kinetics of bubble expansion in the supercooled liquid region are faster than the kinetics of crystallization. Within the proposed synthesis method, bulk amorphous foam products characterized by bubble volume fractions of as high as 85% are successfully produced.