gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The comparative evaluation of the efficacy of different therapeutic plans in acute nonlymphocytic leukemias]. (1993)

78 previously untreated patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were assigned to cytosar-anthracyclines therapeutic programs: 29 (group I) received daunorubicin and AraC, 18 (group II) aclacinomycin A and AraC, 12 (group III) the scheme 3 + 7 with 12 mg/m2 novantron instead of daunorubicin, 19 (group IV) the scheme 3 + 7 with 12 mg/m2 idarubicin and cytosar. Groups I-III comprised both prognostically favorable and unfavorable ANLL variants, group 4 patients had for the most part unfavorable prognosis (MO-M3). A mean age of the patients was 41-42. Complete remissions were observed in 17 (58.6%), 9 (50%), 10 (83.3%), 11 (57.9%) patients of groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. An initial course of the treatment produced complete remissions in 65%, 33%, 80% and 90.9% of them, respectively. A mean duration of cytostatic leukothrombocytopenia was the longest in groups III and IV (16-22 days). Nonhematological toxicity occurred in the form of enteropathy and hepatitis. During the remission induction and consolidation 76% of the deaths were caused by infection and hemorrhagic diathesis. The median remission lasted 17.5, 13.5 and 5 months in groups I, II and III, respectively, and was not reached in group IV because of continuing remission in 50% of the patients by the end of the follow-up period (14 months). A 2-year survival rate was observed in 25% (group I), 11% (group II), 30% (group III) and 40% (group IV).
Scientific Table Search Using Keyword Queries (2017)

Tables are common and important in scientific documents, yet most text-based document search systems do not capture structures and semantics specific to tables. How to bridge different types of mismatch between keywords queries and scientific tables and what influences ranking quality needs to be carefully investigated. This paper considers the structure of tables and gives different emphasis to table components. On the query side, thanks to external knowledge such as knowledge bases and ontologies, key concepts are extracted and used to build structured queries, and target quantity types are identified and used to expand original queries. A probabilistic framework is proposed to incorporate structural and semantic information from both query and table sides. We also construct and release TableArXiv, a high quality dataset with 105 queries and corresponding relevance judgements for scientific table search. Experiments demonstrate significantly higher accuracy overall and at the top of the rankings than several baseline methods.
Evaluating Virtual Screening Methods:  Good and Bad Metrics for the “Early Recognition” Problem (2007)

Many metrics are currently used to evaluate the performance of ranking methods in virtual screening (VS), for instance, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the area under the accumulation curve (AUAC), the average rank of actives, the enrichment factor (EF), and the robust initial enhancement (RIE) proposed by Sheridan et al. In this work, we show that the ROC, the AUAC, and the average rank metrics have the same inappropriate behaviors that make them poor metrics for comparing VS methods whose purpose is to rank actives early in an ordered list (the "early recognition problem"). In doing so, we derive mathematical formulas that relate those metrics together. Moreover, we show that the EF metric is not sensitive to ranking performance before and after the cutoff. Instead, we formally generalize the ROC metric to the early recognition problem which leads us to propose a novel metric called the Boltzmann-enhanced discrimination of receiver operating characteristic that turns out to contain the discrimination power of the RIE metric but incorporates the statistical significance from ROC and its well-behaved boundaries. Finally, two major sources of errors, namely, the statistical error and the "saturation effects", are examined. This leads to practical recommendations for the number of actives, the number of inactives, and the "early recognition" importance parameter that one should use when comparing ranking methods. Although this work is applied specifically to VS, it is general and can be used to analyze any method that needs to segregate actives toward the front of a rank-ordered list.
3DensiNet (2017)

3D volumetric object generation/prediction from single 2D image is a quite challenging but meaningful task in 3D visual computing. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture, named "3DensiNet", which uses density heat-map as an intermediate supervision tool for 2D-to-3D transformation. Specifically, we firstly present a 2D density heat-map to 3D volumetric object encoding-decoding network, which outperforms classical 3D autoencoder. Then we show that using 2D image to predict its density heat-map via a 2D to 2D encoding-decoding network is feasible. In addition, we leverage adversarial loss to fine tune our network, which improves the generated/predicted 3D voxel objects to be more similar to the ground truth voxel object. Experimental results on 3D volumetric prediction from 2D images demonstrates superior performance of 3DensiNet over other state-of-the-art techniques in handling 3D volumetric object generation/prediction from single 2D image.
The <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> 37-Kilodalton Immunoblot Band (P37) Used in Serodiagnosis of Early Lyme Disease Is the <i>flaA</i> Gene Product (1999)

The 37-kDa protein (P37) of Borrelia burgdorferi is an antigen that elicits an early immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response in Lyme disease patients. The P37 gene was cloned from a B. burgdorferi genomic library by screening with antibody from a Lyme disease patient who had developed a prominent humoral response to the P37 antigen. DNA sequence analysis of this clone revealed the identity of P37 to be FlaA, an outer sheath protein of the periplasmic flagella. Recombinant P37 expression was accomplished in Escherichia coli by using a gene construct with the leader peptide deleted and fused to a 38-kDa E. coli protein. The recombinant antigen was reactive in IgM immunoblots using serum samples from patients clinically diagnosed with early Lyme disease that had been scored positive for B. burgdorferi anti-P37 reactivity. Lyme disease patient samples serologically negative for the B. burgdorferi P37 protein did not react with the recombinant. Recombinant P37 may be a useful component of a set of defined antigens for the serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. This protein can be utilized as a marker in diagnostic immunoblots, aiding in the standardization of the present generation of IgM serologic tests.
A novel mutation in the human voltage-gated potassium channel gene (Kv1.1) associates with episodic ataxia type 1 and sometimes with partial epilepsy (1999)

Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by brief episodes of ataxia associated with continuous interattack myokymia. Point mutations in the human voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.1) gene on chromosome 12p13 have recently been shown to associate with EA1. A Scottish family with EA1 harbouring a novel mutation in this gene is reported. Of the five affected individuals over three generations, two had partial epilepsy in addition to EA1. The detailed clinical, electrophysiological and molecular genetic findings are presented. The heterozygous point mutation is located at nucleotide position 677 and results in a radical amino acid substitution at a highly conserved position in the second transmembrane domain of the potassium channel. Functional studies indicated that mutant subunits exhibited a dominant negative effect on potassium channel function and would be predicted to impair neuronal repolarization. Potassium channels determine the excitability of neurons and blocking drugs are proconvulsant. A critical review of previously reported EA1 families shows an over-representation of epilepsy in family members with EA1 compared with unaffected members. These observations indicate that this mutation is pathogenic and suggest that the epilepsy in EA1 may be caused by the dysfunctional potassium channel. It is possible that such dysfunction may be relevant to other epilepsies in man.
CBR for Advice Giving in a Data-Intensive Environment (2008)

Reusing past experiences by reasoning from past cases poses particular problems when the input to case retrieval comes from large amounts of online data. Volve has developed a system in which data from oil well drilling logs are continuously monitored, interpreted, and used to check if previous incidents exist that may predict an unwanted event to happen unless preventive actions are taken. The system is currently being tested.
Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks: Improving Fairness and Energy Efficiency (2008)

This paper considers the centralized spectrum allocations in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks with the following goals: (1) allocate spectrum as fairly as possible, (2) utilize spectrum resource maximally, (3) reflect the priority among sensor data, and (4) reduce spectrum handoff. The problem is formulated into a multi-objective problem, where we propose a new approach to solve it using modified game theory (MGT). In addition, cooperative game theory is adopted to obtain approximated solutions for MGT in reasonable time. The results obtained from numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm allocates spectrum bands fairly with well observing each sensor's priority and nearly minimal spectrum handoffs.
Pressure-induced rocksalt phase of aluminum nitride: A metastable structure at ambient condition (1993)

Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction studies were carried out on the III-V compound aluminum nitride to 65 GPa using a synchrotron x-ray source. A pressure-induced first-order phase transition from a wurtzite structure to a rocksalt structure was observed. The first peaks of the high-pressure phase appeared at 14 GPa. On further loading of the diamond anvil cell, the wurtzite peaks disappeared by 20 GPa. After unloading the cell to atmospheric pressure, the rocksalt structure persisted. The equilibrium transformation pressure lies on the interval 0–14 GPa.
The Arabidopsis <i>MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH1</i> Gene Encodes a PHD-Finger Protein That Is Required for Male Meiosis (2003)

In plants, reproductive development requires normal meiosis, which involved several highly coordinated events. Such meiotic events are regulated in a number of ways in yeast and animal systems, including transcriptional and checkpoint control mechanisms. Although a number of mutations that affect different aspects of meiosis have been characterized in plants, very little is known about the regulation of plant meiosis at the molecular level. In particular, no meiosis-specific transcriptional regulators have been identified in plants, and checkpoint control has not been observed during plant meiosis. We report here the isolation and characterization of a new Arabidopsis male-sterile mutant that exhibits meiotic defects. Meiocytes from mutant plants appeared normal up to diakinesis, when they exhibited signs of apoptosis, including defects in chromosome behavior, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and chromatin fragmentation, followed by cell death before cytokinesis. Therefore, the mutant was named male meiocyte death1 (mmd1). The MMD1 gene was cloned using Dissociation transposon tagging and encodes a plant homeo domain domain-containing protein. MMD1 is expressed preferentially during male meiosis. Our results suggest that MMD1 may be involved in the regulation of gene expression during meiosis and that the mmd1 mutation triggers cell death in male meiocytes.
Wi-Fi RTT-Based Active Monopulse RADAR for Single Access Point Localization (2021)

The purpose of this work is to implement a novel active radar system for single access point two-dimensional localization system based on 802.11 wireless local-area networks (WLAN). The active radar employes the 802.11 Fine Time Measurement (FTM) Round Trip Time (RTT) as specified in the 2016 update of WIFI Standard to calculate the ranging distance and acquires two channels of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to estimate the azimuthal angle. In this way, real-time two-dimensional localization of Wi-Fi RTT-compatible mobile Internet of Things devices is demonstrated using a single access point operating in the 2.4GHz band. The experimental results performed in anechoic chamber and in a real environment point up a mean positioning error below one meter within a Field of View (FoV) of 60° and distances up to 14 meters, with an acquisition time below 0.5 seconds.
Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain ‐ A double‐blind randomized control cross‐over trial (2020)

This study provides evidence that theta rhythm binaural beats can alleviate pain intensity, both after a brief 30 minute and a longer one week on-demand intervention. The subsequent significant reduction in analgesic medication consumption in chronic pain patients' daily living could offer a valuable tool, augmenting the effect of existing pain therapies.
Synthesis and antitumor properties of N1-acyloxymethyl derivatives of bis(2,6-dioxopiperazines). (1989)

Many N1-acyloxymethyl derivatives VI of bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine) I, ICRF-154, were prepared and tested for antitumor activity. The treatment of I with formaldehyde gave a crystalline bis(N1-hydroxymethyl) derivative VII, which was acylated under various conditions to give bis(N1-acyloxymethyl) derivatives VI. Antitumor activity of VI against P388 leukemia in mice was studied. Several bis(N1-acyloxymethyl) compounds such as phenylacetyloxymethyl VI-6, methoxycarbonyloxymethyl VI-41, isobutoxycarbonyloxymethyl VI-44, and furancarboxymethyl VI-38 compounds were found to have potent antitumor activities. On the other hand, water-soluble esters having an amine or a carboxylic acid function in their acyl groups showed rather reduced activity. These bis(N1-acyloxymethyl) derivatives VI were presumably hydrolyzed into the parent bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine) I by nonspecific esterase in the body to exhibit their antitumor activity.
Infrared Measurement of Carbon Dioxide in the Human Breath: “Breathe-Through” Devices from Tyndall to the Present Day (2008)

The ability to measure carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in the breath of a patient or capnometry, is one of the fundamental technological advances of modern medicine. I will chronicle the evolution and commercialization of mainstream capnometry based upon infrared measurement of CO(2) in the breath using information from the historical record and personal interviews with many of the developers.
Anxiety and increased 5-HT1A receptor response in NCAM null mutant mice (1999)

Mice deficient in the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) show behavioral abnormalities as adults, including altered exploratory behavior, deficits in spatial learning, and increased intermale aggression. Here, we report increased anxiety-like behavior of homozygous (NCAM-/-) and heterozygous (NCAM/-) mutant mice in a light/dark avoidance test, independent of genetic background and gender. Anxiety-like behavior was reduced in both NCAM+/+ and NCAM-/- mice by systemic administration of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam and the 5-HT1A receptor agonists buspirone and 8-OH-DPAT. However, NCAM-/- mice showed anxiolytic-like effects at lower doses of buspirone and 8-OH-DPAT than NCAM+/+ mice. Such increased response to 5-HT1A receptor stimulation suggests a functional change in the serotonergic system of NCAM-/- mice, likely involved in the control of anxiety and aggression. However, 5-HT1A receptor binding and tissue content of serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were found unaltered in every brain area of NCAM-/- mice investigated, indicating that expression of 5-HT1A receptors as well as synthesis and release of serotonin are largely unchanged in NCAM-/- mice. We hypothesize a critical involvement of endogenous NCAM in serotonergic transmission via 5-HT1A receptors and inwardly rectifying K+ channels as the respective effector systems.
Electrical resistivity of single-crystal graphite under pressure: An anisotropic three-dimensional semimetal (1998)

The in-plane $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a})$ and $c$-axis $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})$ resistivities of natural single-crystal graphite have been measured from 4 to 450 K at zero pressure and from 77 to 450 K under pressures up to 500 MPa. Data for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ differ strongly from earlier results obtained on synthetic graphite in showing a strong $T$ dependence of the pressure coefficient, while data for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a}$ agree well with those from previous studies. Our results can be analyzed quantitatively in a simple free-electron model, and we conclude that in contrast to quasi-two-dimensional synthetic graphite, natural single-crystal graphite is an anisotropic three-dimensional semimetal.
Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of BiFeO <sub>3</sub> –BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2013)

Perovskite solid solution ceramics of (1 − x ) BiFeO 3 – x BaTiO 3 (1 − x ) BF – x BT , 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) with high electrical resistivity were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. Actual ferroelectric hysteresis loops and temperature dependence of dielectric constant of the ceramics were obtained. Ceramics of 0.7 BF –0.3 BT with small rhombohedral distortion show highest remnant polarization ( P r = 26.0 μC/cm 2 ) and piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 = 134 pC/N). Compositions with pseudo‐cubic symmetry (intermediate phases) show relaxor‐like dielectric anomaly. The values of P r and d 33 decrease with increasing BT content, from 24.8 μC/cm 2 and 104 pC/N for 0.65 BF –0.35 BT to 8.2 μC/cm 2 and 5 pC/N for 0.55 BF –0.45 BT .
Controlled formation of cross-linked collagen fibers for neural tissue engineering applications (2014)

Fibrous scaffolds engineered to direct the growth of tissues can be important in forming architecturally functional tissue such as aligning regenerating nerves with their target. Collagen is a commonly used substrate used for neuronal growth applications in the form of surface coatings and hydrogels. The wet spinning technique can create collagen fibers without the use of organic solvents and is typically accomplished by extruding a collagen dispersion into a coagulation bath. To create well-controlled and uniform collagen fibers, we developed an automatic wet spinning device with precise control over the spinning and fiber collection parameters. A fiber collection belt allowed the continuous formation of very soft and delicate fibers up to half a meter in length. Wet-spun collagen fibers were characterized by tensile and thermal behavior, diameter uniformity, the swelling response in phosphate buffered saline and their biocompatibility with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells. Fibers formed from 0.75% weight by volume (w/v) collagen dispersions formed the best fibers in terms of tensile behavior and fiber uniformity. Fibers post-treated with the cross-linkers glutaraldehyde and genipin exhibited increased mechanical stability and reduced swelling. Importantly, genipin-treated fibers were conducive to DRG neurons and Schwann cell survival and growth, which validated the use of this cross-linker for neural tissue engineering applications.
Highly efficient optical coupling and transport phenomena in chains of dielectric microspheres (2006)

Using the generalized multiparticle Mie theory, we investigate optical coupling and transport through chains of dielectric microspheres. We identify two distinct coupling mechanisms of optical transport in terms of the coupling efficiency between neighboring microspheres, namely, evanescent coupling and nanojet coupling. We demonstrate that perfect whispering gallery mode propagation through a chain of evanescently coupled microspheres can be achieved. However, optical coupling and transport through a chain of nanojet-inducing microspheres is less efficient due to the radiative nature of photonic nanojets. Understanding these two optical coupling mechanisms is critical for selecting appropriate microspheres to build coupled resonator optical waveguides and other photon-manipulation devices for effective and low-loss guiding of photons.
A 40nm CMOS all-digital fractional-N synthesizer without requiring calibration (2012)

Bang-Bang all-digital PLLs [1] for applications such as digital clock multiplication have existed for a long time, but show limited phase noise performance. Pioneering recent work [2-5] has demonstrated frequency synthesizers that meet the performance requirements of wireless communications systems, while containing no analog circuits except for an LC-oscillator. In order to build an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL), it is necessary to measure the oscillator's momentary phase accurately, in a digital way, since the output phase noise at frequencies within the PLL loop bandwidth is ultimately limited by the time quantisation step Δt of this phase measurement [6]: L=20.log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> (Δt·ω <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> /√12·√f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sample</sub> ) [dBc/Hz] (1) In [2-5], a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is used to measure the oscillator's phase with a resolution of a single inverter delay. However, this approach requires calibration of the TDC conversion gain. Previous work [2] included a small microprocessor incorporated in the PLL circuit, to perform all necessary calculations related to the calibration. Obviously, this renders the circuit complex, is prone to calibration errors and consumes power and area. In this paper, an alternative approach is presented, allowing all-digital frequency synthesizers that meet the requirements for wireless communications standards, that benefit from the benign scaling properties, porting properties, process independence and controlled design flow, inherent to digital circuits, but that, on the other hand, do not require the burden of calibration and associated calculations.
Rapid efficiency roll-off in high-quality green light-emitting diodes on freestanding GaN substrates (2009)

InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on freestanding GaN and sapphire substrates. The density of microstructural defects in the LED on GaN was substantially reduced, leading to a significant reduction in defect-assisted tunneling currents and an improved injection efficiency under low bias. The LED on GaN outperformed the LED on sapphire at low injection currents and exhibited a ∼65% peak internal quantum efficiency. However, it suffered from even more dramatic efficiency roll-off, which occurs at a current density as low as 0.3 A/cm2. This behavior is explained as the combined result of efficient current injection and significant carrier overflow in a high-quality LED.