gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Interference Cancellation Scheme for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks (2010)

It is expected that Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is allowed to underlay future cellular networks such as IMT-Advanced for spectrum efficiency. However, by reusing the uplink spectrums with the cellular system, the interference to D2D users has to be addressed to maximize the overall system performance. In this paper, a novel method to deal with the resource allocation and interference avoidance issues by utilizing the network peculiarity of a hybrid network to share the uplink resource is proposed and the implementation details are described in a real cellular system. Simulation results prove that satisfying performance can be achieved by using the proposed mechanism.
Development of Next-Generation Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloys (2004)

Based on a fourth generation single crystal (SC) superalloy, TMS-138, we designed new SC alloys that contain higher amount of refractory elements, Nb, Ta, Mo, or Re, for strengthening. The Ru content was also increased to improve the phase stability. The creep strength and microstructure of these alloys were examined and compared with those of the base alloy TMS-138 and a third generation SC superalloy, CMSX-10K.
35.3: High‐Performance Tandem White OLEDs Using a Li‐Free “P‐N” Connector (2009)

Abstract A nonmetallic connector has been developed for high‐efficiency tandem white architecture. Forming the “N” type layer using NDN‐26 doped into NET‐18 and inserting an organometallic thin layer between the “N” and “P” layers results in a high‐performance connector. An efficiency of 33 cd/A has been achieved at 6.7 V, 1000 cd/m 2 and 10000K color temperature in a fluorescent based tandem emitter. This >15% EQE device also demonstrates a half‐life of ∼80,000 h at 1000 cd/m 2 .
High-Throughput Mode Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe (2009)

A simple and automated spot sampling operation mode for a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP/ESI-MS) system is reported. Prior manual and automated spot sampling methods with this probe relied on a careful, relatively slow alignment of the probe and surface distance (<20 microm spacing) to form the probe-to-surface liquid microjunction critical to successful surface sampling. Moreover, sampling multiple spots required retraction of the surface from the probe and a repeat of this careful probe-to-surface distance alignment at the next sampling position. With the method described here, the probe was not positioned as close to the surface, the exact probe-to-surface positioning was found to be less critical (spanning distances from about 100-300 microm), and this distance was not altered during the sampling of an entire array of sample spots. With the probe positioned within the appropriate distance from the surface, the liquid microjunction was formed by letting the liquid from the sampling end of the probe extend out from the probe to the surface. This was accomplished by reducing the self-aspiration liquid flow rate of the probe to a value less than the volume flow rate pumped into the probe. When the self-aspiration rate of the probe was subsequently increased, analytes on the surface that dissolved at the liquid microjunction were aspirated back into the probe with the liquid that created the liquid microjunction and electrosprayed. Presented here are the basics of this new sampling mode, as well as data that illustrate the potential analytical capabilities of the device to conduct high-throughput quantitative analysis.
A Doubly Error Resilient Coder of Image Sequences (2016)

Many scenarios require single frame random access and error resilience in coding, transmission, and decoding of image sequences. We propose in this paper a SPIHT coder that encodes a sequence of images one frame at a time and uses two methods together to achieve strong error resilience. The first method groups wavelet coefficients into a number of tree blocks and the second one encodes these tree blocks independently using SPIHT with progressive significance maps. Because a substantial part of a progressive significance map contains a fixed-length code stream called the complementary significance map (comp-sigmap), transmission bit errors do not propagate within the comp-sig-map. Furthermore, since the block trees are encoded independently, no error in a given bitstream propagates to another bitstream. Simulations show that the two methods together show stronger error resilience than either one separately. Furthermore, because the groups are formed by interleaved spatial orientation trees, faulty reconstruction from bit errors affecting a given treeblock can be concealed by estimating the true wavelet coefficients from neighboring coefficients in adjacent error-free spatial orientation trees.
Preclinical Development of Novel Anti-Glioma Drugs Targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (2011)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response represents a cellular "yin-yang" process, where low to moderate activity is cell protective and supports chemoresistance (yang), but where more severe conditions will aggravate these mechanisms to the point where they abandon their protective efforts and instead turn on a cell death program (yin). Because tumor cells frequently experience chronic stress conditions (due to hypoxia, hypoglycemia, acidification, etc.), the protective yang components of their ER stress response are continuously engaged and thus less able to neutralize additional insults taxing the ER stress response. This tumor-specific situation may provide therapeutic opportunities for pharmacologic intervention, where further aggravation of ER stress would lead to the activation of pro-apoptotic yin components and result in tumor cell death. This review will describe the yin-yang principle of ER stress, and will present pharmacologic agents and combination strategies aimed at exploiting the ER stress response for improved therapeutic outcomes, particularly in the setting of difficult to treat tumor types such as glioblastoma.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 enhance the number and antigen-presenting activity of circulating CD14+ and CD83+ cells in cancer patients. (2000)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are essential for stimulating antigen-specific immunity, including immunity against tumor cells. We hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, which promote monocytes to differentiate into dendritic cells in vitro, might enhance the number and antigen-presenting activity of CD14+ cells in vivo. Patients with metastatic solid malignancies were treated with daily s.c. injections of either GM-CSF alone (2.5 microg/kg/day) or GM-CSF in combination with IL-4 (0.5-6.0 microg/kg/day) in a multicohort study. When given alone, GM-CSF increased the number of CD14+ cells but did not enhance the cells' expression of APC markers or antigen-presenting activity. In contrast, combination therapy with GM-CSF and IL-4 stimulated CD14+ cells to acquire several APC characteristics including increased expression of HLA-DR and CD11c, decreased CD14, increased endocytotic activity, and the ability to stimulate T cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction. Combination therapy also induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of CD14-/CD83+ cells with APC activity. Clinically significant and sustained tumor regression was observed in one patient. Systemic therapy with GM-CSF and IL-4 may provide a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APCs in patients with cancer.
Optical transport exceeding 10 Tb/s based on adaptive LDPC-coded multidimensional spatial-spectral scheme and orthogonal prolate spheroidal wave functions (2013)

The next generation optical transport networks will be affected by a limited bandwidth of information infrastructure, high energy consumption, as well as the heterogeneity of optical networks. To address these problems simultaneously, we propose an adaptive software-defined LDPC-coded multiband scheme that involves spatial-MIMO and all-optical-OFDM scheme, which provides both fine granularity and elastic approach of bandwidth utilization. The modulation is based on multidimensional signaling to improve the tolerance to fiber nonlinearities and imperfect compensation of channel impairments. The proposed scheme employs hybrid (electrical and optical) degrees of freedom. Optical degrees of freedom include spatial and polarization modes in few-mode fibers. The electrical degrees of freedom are based on 2M orthogonal prolate spheroidal wave functions, which are used as basis functions for 2M-dimensional signaling. The adaptive coding has been performed by partial reconfiguration of the corresponding parity-check matrix. The proposed scheme is suitable for the conveyance of the information over optical fibers supporting a multitude of spatial modes to enable transmission of 10+ Tb/s bit rates.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF 1‐EPIKANAMYCIN A AND ITS 1‐N‐((S)‐4‐AMINO‐2‐HYDROXYBUTYRYL) DERIVATIVE (1983)

Abstract Oxidation des Kanamycin‐A‐Derivates (Ia) mit H 2 O 2 in Gegenwart von Nawolframat liefert das Hydroxyiminoderivat (Ib), das durch Deblockierung in das Oxim (II) übergeführt wird.
Symmetric pH-Dependent Swelling and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Brushes (2011)

Charged polymer brushes grafted to surfaces are of great interest for antibacterial, biosensor, nanofluidic, and drug delivery applications. In this paper, chitosans with quaternary ammonium salts, CH-Q, were immobilized on silicon oxide and characterized by in situ quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation, QCM-D, and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, SE. Both methods showed that the hydrated film exhibited a minimum thickness of ~40 nm near pH 5 that increased strongly (up to ~80 nm) at lower and higher pH. This symmetric swelling is surprising because CH-Q is a cationic polymer. The CH-Q grafted layer was stable for pH values from 3 to 8 and exhibited rapid, reversible swelling and contraction upon varying pH. The CH-Q layer also reduced S. aureus colonization by a factor of ~30× compared to bare silicon oxide and an amine terminated silane grafted to silicon oxide. This antibacterial characteristic of CH-Q is attributed to the quaternary ammonium salts and the flexible polymer brush.
High‐resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy in organs and tissues using slow magic angle spinning (2001)

It is shown that high-resolution (1)H NMR spectra of intact excised tissues and organs can be obtained by rotating the sample slowly about an axis at the magic angle of 54 degrees 44' with the external magnetic field. In this way tissue and cellular damage invoked by standard magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments, where spinning speeds of several kHz are typically employed, are minimized. Special RF pulse sequences, developed originally in solid state NMR, can be used to produce a spinning sideband-free isotropic spectrum. In this article the first results are shown of the brain, heart, liver, gluteus muscle, and kidney excised from mice using the 2D-phase-altered spinning sidebands (PASS) technique and employing MAS spinning speeds of 43-125 Hz. It was found that with slow sample spinning similar, and in some cases even better, spectral resolutions are obtained as compared with fast MAS.
An open, flexible, and configurable system for service composition (2002)

Most e-services are typically delivered point-to-point; however, the e-service environment creates the opportunity for providing value-added, integrated services, which are delivered by composing existing e-services, possibly offered by different companies. This paper presents eFlow, a model and system that provides a flexible, configurable and open approach to service composition. In fact, eFlow has an adaptive and dynamic process model that allows processes to transparently adapt to changes in the environment, to customize service execution according to the customers' needs, and to cope with exceptional situations. In addition, the model and the system are configurable, so that applications running on devices with limited storage space and computing power can download a version of eFlow that only includes needed features and that has a smaller footprint with respect to the complete version.
Fabrication of multipolar magnetic field sources (1994)

The emergence of high-energy-product permanent magnets has made possible the generation of extraordinarily high magnetic fields in the internal working spaces of relatively small structures. The widespread use of such structures has been hampered by the variety and complexity of their magnetic components and the concomitant difficulty and expense of manufacture. This paper describes approaches to fabrication and assembly that should significantly ease both fabricational and economic problems. Examples of these approaches are given for the production of cylindrical multipolar sources (magic rings, quadrupolar electron beam guides) and spherical dipolar sources (magic spheres).
Engineering a highly active thermophilic β-glucosidase to enhance its pH stability and saccharification performance (2016)

In this study, we overexpressed a novel β-glucosidase Bgl3A with high specific activity and high catalytic efficiency in P. pastoris. We further proved the negative effect of excessive O-glycosylation on the pH stability of Bgl3A, and enhanced the pH stability by reducing the O-glycosylation. And the enhanced mutants showed much better application prospect with substantially improved saccharification efficiency on cellulosic materials.
Theory of antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media (2001)

A theoretical overview of antiferromagnetically coupled media (AFC media) is presented for the case where the AFC medium has two ferromagnetic films that are coupled antiferromagnetically via a thin polarization layer. Attention is focused on AFC-slave media where the top layer governs the remanent magnetization. It is demonstrated that such media behave like an effectively thin single layer magnetic recording medium in terms of improved pulse width, while the magnetic stability of AFC grains is governed by the thicker top layer.
Advances in holographic optical elements (1990)

Recent advances in the design and recording of holographic optical elements are illustrated by means of two representative examples - focussing lens and multiple beam grating. The focussing lens design method is based on an analytic ray-tracing procedure that yields an analytic solution for the diffractive grating function. It will be elucidated by describing the recording and testing ofaspheric low 1 number focussing elements for 10. 6 microns wavelength having diffraction - limited performance over a broad range of incidence angles. The design of the multiple beam grating is based on solving a set of nonlinear equations to obtain a grating structure that can convert one incident beam into a set of specified output beams. Both the lens and the multiple grating elements are recorded with binary optics that involve computer generated plots with high resolution laser printer and plotolithographic techniques. Reflective and trismissive elements are formed by either etching reflective metal layers or GaAs substrates. 1.
Reducing the number of calibration standards for network analyzer calibration (1991)

Based on the set calibration standards for the 12-term error correction of network analyzers, a thru-match-short-open calibration method is described. It reduces the effort of connecting standards to the measurement ports. It is shown that a reduction in the number of different standards is possible by a reuse of standards. This leads to the thru-match-short technique combining a minimum of calibration standards with a good error correction performance. The theory is confirmed by experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of aging process in power converters using spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (2012)

This paper aims to find a new technique to predict the state of health of power converters by characterizing the most vulnerable components in the converter without affecting the normal circuit operation. Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) can detect most of the aged components inside the converter while the converter is operational. Semiconductor switches and electrolytic capacitors are the two most sensitive components in power converter circuits, and this paper demonstrated how SSTDR can be used to determine the degradation of these components. Multiple sets of test data have been generated while the SSTDR process is applied to the power MOSFETs, IGBTs connected in a chopper circuit and to the aluminum electrolytic capacitors connected in an RC circuit. Analysis is done on these obtained test data to show how the SSTDR generated data are consistent with the aging of power MOSFETs, IGBTs and electrolytic capacitors.
Overgrowth (Della) mutants of wheat: development, growth and yield of intragenic suppressors of the Rht-B1c dwarfing gene (2017)

A suppressor screen using the dwarf Rht-B1c Della mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) led to the isolation of overgrowth mutants, which retained the original dwarfing gene but grew at a faster rate because of a new mutation elsewhere in that gene. Forty-six alleles were identified, which included amino acid substitutions, premature stop codons, and splice site alterations. The sites of amino acid substitution were primarily localised around conserved motifs in the DELLA protein, and these mutants showed a wide range in their extent of growth recovery (dwarf, semidwarf, tall). Detailed growth comparisons were made on a wide height range of backcrossed overgrowth alleles, comparing stem and spike growth, leaf size, tillering, phenological development, coleoptile length, grain dormancy and grain yield. There were large and reproducible differences between alleles for some traits, whereas others were largely unaffected or varied with growth conditions. Some of the overgrowth alleles offer promise as alternatives to the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes, allowing a wider range of height control, improved grain dormancy and equivalent grain yield. The collection of mutants will also be valuable as a resource to study the effect of height on different physiological or agronomic traits, and in elucidating DELLA protein function.
Unique ROP Predictor Using Bit-specific Coefficient of Sliding Friction and Mechanical Efficiency as a Function of Confined Compressive Strength Impacts Drilling Performance (2005)

Abstract It has become standard practice to plan wells and analyze bit performance by using log-based rock strength analysis and/or the specific energy theory. The most widely used characterization of rock strength is unconfined compressive strength (UCS), but this is somewhat problematic because the apparent strength of the rock to the bit is typically different than UCS. Those who understand bit performance are aware of this problem, but to date there is not an industry standard or widely used methodology to address it. The specific energy theory has been used for bit performance assessment for years. One of the challenges of application of the specific energy theory, however, is uncertainty or lack of consistency in reasonable values for the input variables. Globally applicable solutions and methods to address these problems have been developed and implemented by ChevronTexaco. A new method to calculate rock confined compressive strength (CCS), based on both conventional and somewhat innovative rock mechanics principles, has been developed. A new method to determine input variables for bit performance prediction based on the specific energy theory and CCS has been developed. These have been integrated to provide new capability for rapid and accurate log-based determination of the expected or achievable rate of penetration and operating parameters for all bit types. The new models have proved valuable, improving drilling performance and reducing well cost by improving bit performance prediction, bit selection, and the determination of optimum drilling parameters. The methods are robust, based on fundamental and/or first principles, and require little or no calibration. Any required calibration is intuitive and simple. This document presents background, theory, research results, new methodolo gies, and field and lab data that validate and illustrate the methods.
Density Compensation of TDR Calibration for Geotechnical Applications (2005)

Abstract Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technology has been widely used in areas such as agricultural science, soil science, and water resources for measuring soil volumetric water content and is beginning to be used in geotechnical engineering. Calibration relationships, which generally relate the soil volumetric water content to TDR measured dielectric constant, are critical for the accuracy of TDR measurements. For TDR technology to be useful for geotechnical engineering practice, the calibration relationship needs to be expressed in terms of gravimetric water content. Besides, geotechnical engineering deals with more compacted earth materials, where the effects of soil density on TDR calibration are significant. This paper introduces an improved TDR calibration relation that accounts for the density of soil skeleton while at the same time is simple in format. Application of this calibration relationship shows that it significantly reduces data scatter and achieves more accurate results than other existing calibration relationships.
Biological activities of a human pluripotent hemopoietic colony stimulating factor on normal and leukemic cells. (1985)

We studied the biological effects of pluripoietin, a human pluripotent hemopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) purified from the 5637 bladder carcinoma cell line. We found that this human CSF appears to be a unique hemopoietic growth factor, differing from interleukin 3 (IL-3) by virtue of its leukemia differentiating activity in mouse and man, and from mouse granulocyte CSF, which does have differentiation-inducing activity, but lacks pluripoietic activity. In addition, differences from IL-3 were observed in cross-species activity on normal and leukemic cells.
Identification and cloning of EI24, a gene induced by p53 in etoposide-treated cells. (1996)

To search for candidate genes involved in p53-mediated apoptosis, the differential display technique was used to identify RNA species whose expression was altered in murine NIH3T3 cells treated with the cytotoxic drug etoposide. We report here the isolation and characterization of EI24, a novel gene whose 2.4 kb mRNA is induced following etoposide treatment. Induction of EI24 mRNA by etoposide required expression of wild-type p53 in murine embryonic fibroblasts which had been transformed with the oncogenes E1A and T24 H-ras; and overexpression of functional p53 in these cells was sufficient to induce expression of the EI24 mRNA. The EI24 mRNA was also induced in a p53-dependent manner by ionizing irradiation of primary murine thymocytes. Isolation of a full-length EI24 cDNA revealed that its protein product bears homology to CELF37C12.2, a Caenorhabditis elegans protein of unknown function.