gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Fungal-like Particles to probe Dectin-1 Responses in Innate Immunity (58.12) (2012)

Abstract The presence of multiple types of carbohydrate moieties on fungal cell walls prohibits elucidation of the exact immunological response to pathogen-derived carbohydrate epitopes. To dissect the immunological mechanisms used to recognize pathogens, a system of “fungal like particles” was developed that consisted of polymer beads, which mimicked the three dimensional shape of the fungus, coated covalently with purified b-1,3-glucan (BG) derived from S. cerevisiae. The morphology of the BG layer was examined by immunofluorescence, flow cytometery, and immuno-transmission electron microscopy. The covalent linkages of the BG to the polystyrene surface were stable after subjecting the beads to detergents. By pre-treating BG beads with laminarinase the reactivity of the anti-BG antibody was abrogated in comparison to treatment with proteinase K indicating that the coating of these beads was predominantly BG. TNF-a was also measured by stimulating bone-marrow derived macrophages with the BG beads and showed a dose dependent response. Finally, BG beads were incubated with GFP-Dectin-1 expressing macrophages and imaged using confocal microscopy. BG beads were taken up within minutes and retained Dectin-1, the major receptor for BG, to the phagosome as compared to uncoated beads. This data describes a unique fungal-like particle system that will permit immunologists to probe the critical steps in early recognition of pathogen-derived fungal carbohydrate antigens by innate immune cells.
Excess noise in fiber gyroscope sources (1990)

Excess noise was measured in three potential interferometric fiber gyroscope sources, superluminescent diodes at 0.83 and 1.3 mu m, and a superfluorescent fiber source at 1.06 mu m. All three sources showed limiting signal-to-noise ratios in the 128-132 dB range (1 Hz bandwidth at 100 kHz), in agreement with their measured linewidths. The impact of the excess noise on the fiber gyro random walk coefficient is shown. It is pointed out that the noise source considered is important for interferometric fiber optic gyros because it imposes a limitation that does not arise in optical gyros which use narrowband sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of Carrot Defects in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2006)

Structure of the “carrot” defects in 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers deposited by CVD has been investigated by plan-view and cross-sectional transmission x-ray topography, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and KOH etching. The carrot defects nucleate at the substrate/epilayer interface at the emergence points of threading screw dislocations propagating from the substrate. The typical defect consists of two stacking faults: one in the prismatic plane with second one in the basal plane. The faults are connected by a stair-rod dislocation with Burgers vector 1/n[10-10] with n>3 at the cross-over. The basal plane fault is of Frank-type. Carrot defects are electrically active as evidenced by contrast in EBIC images indicating enhanced carrier recombination rate. Presence of carrot defects in the p-i-n diodes results in higher pre-breakdown reverse leakage current and approximately 50% lower breakdown voltage compared to the nominal value.
Evidence of<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Infection in Adults Presenting with Persistent Cough in a French Area with Very High Whole‐Cell Vaccine Coverage (2002)

Although France has had a vaccination program for 40 years, since 1990, an increase in whooping cough cases with parent-infant transmission has been observed. This study prospectively assessed the frequency of Bordetella pertussis infection in adults who consulted general practitioners for a persistent cough without an evident diagnosis. Among 217 patients, 70 (32%) confirmed whooping cough cases were identified. One case was culture positive, 36 were polymerase chain reaction positive, and 40 had increases or decreases of > or =2-fold in anti-pertussis toxin IgG titer between serum samples collected during the acute and convalescent phases. The median duration of cough in confirmed cases was 49 days (range, 13-123 days). Of the patients, 60% reported vaccination, and 33% reported whooping cough in infancy. Pertussis should be considered for diagnosis of acute and chronic cough in adults. Future studies should evaluate the public health interest of booster doses of pertussis vaccine in adults.
Prevention of experimental coronary thrombosis by hirudin. (1988)

The antithrombotic activity of hirudin was studied in a rat coronary thrombosis model. The thrombus formation was induced by external application of silver nitrate solution onto the left anterior descending coronary artery. Following subcutaneous injection, hirudin in doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg reduced the development of coronary thrombosis in a dose-dependent manner. The most pronounced antithrombotic effect of hirudin in the described model was related with plasma concentrations between 0.20 and 0.35 microgram hirudin/ml.
MinDelay: Low-Latency Joint Caching and Forwarding for Multi-Hop Networks (2018)

We present a new unified framework for minimizing congestion-dependent network cost in caching networks by jointly optimizing forwarding and caching strategies. As caching variables are integer-constrained, the resulting optimization problem is NP-hard. To make progress, we focus on a relaxed version of the optimization problem, where caching variables are allowed to be real-valued. We develop necessary optimality conditions for the relaxed problem, and leverage this result to design MinDelay, an adaptive and distributed joint forwarding and caching algorithm, based on the conditional gradient algorithm. The MinDelay algorithm elegantly yields feasible routing variables and integer caching variables at each iteration, and can be implemented in a distributed manner with low complexity and overhead. Over a wide range of network topologies, simulation results show that MinDelay typically has significantly better delay performance in the low to moderate request rate regions. Moreover, the MinDelay and VIP algorithms complement each other in delivering superior delay performance across the entire range of request arrival rates.
Development of ${\hbox{MgB}}_{2}$ Powders and Study of the Properties and Architecture of <i>Ex-Situ</i> PIT Wires (2008)

MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tapes and wires have been synthesized through the ex-situ Powder-In-Tube (PIT) method. We studied the effects of using different metallic materials for the sheaths in new round or square shaped multifilamentary wires; enhanced critical currents in 19 filaments wires are reported. The influence of the starting powders on the superconducting properties of the final conductors was thoroughly investigated in order to improve their behavior in magnetic field. In particular we analyzed the effect of controlling the grain size in the powders by high energy ball milling and by lowering the synthesis temperature. TEM analysis results are shown that highlight the role played by the amorphous layer at the grain boundaries.
Five years of quantum cascade lasers: progress and challenges (1999)

The general status of the intersubband quantum cascade laser technology is reviewed, highlighting the major advances. Results are then reported on the electrical tuning of a QC laser close to room temperature and on a new QC laser based on a N-I-P-I superlattice.
Hardware Implementation of Successive Cancellation Decoders for Polar\n Codes (2011)

The recently-discovered polar codes are seen as a major breakthrough in\ncoding theory; they provably achieve the theoretical capacity of discrete\nmemoryless channels using the low complexity successive cancellation (SC)\ndecoding algorithm. Motivated by recent developments in polar coding theory, we\npropose a family of efficient hardware implementations for SC polar decoders.\nWe show that such decoders can be implemented with O(n) processing elements,\nO(n) memory elements, and can provide a constant throughput for a given target\nclock frequency. Furthermore, we show that SC decoding can be implemented in\nthe logarithm domain, thereby eliminating costly multiplication and division\noperations and reducing the complexity of each processing element greatly. We\nalso present a detailed architecture for an SC decoder and provide logic\nsynthesis results confirming the linear growth in complexity of the decoder as\nthe code length increases.\n
Application of statistical reduced isometry property to design of line arrays for compressive beamforming (2013)

The Statistical Reduced Isometry Property(StRIP) and Statistical Null Space Property (SNSP) are presented and reduced to numerical algorithms. These properties are used to predict the utility of a specific subsampled array for use in compressive sensing. Three examples of subsampling an equally spaced array are presented: random, Golomb and Wichmann. The Golomb array uses a Golomb ruler that has no repeated sensor element spacings. The Wichmann array includes at least one of every possible interval of sensor element spacings. The SNSP is shown to be insensitive to subsampling in the type of cases shown. The Golomb array is predicted to have superior performance to the Wichmann for comparable subsampling. The use of these two subsamplings for beamforming using at-sea data from the Five Octave Research Array (FORA) is shown. Research funded by the Office of Naval Research.
Sensing Free Surface of Arc Weld Pool Using Specular Reflection: Principle and Analysis (1996)

The weld pool surface provides important information for understanding arc welding processes. In this study, a novel vision sensor is proposed to measure the three-dimensional shape of the free weld pool surface. A pulsed laser is projected on to the weld pool through a specific grid. Specular reflection from the pool surface is sensed using a high shutter speed camera. The three-dimensional weld pool surface shape is clearly shown by the specular reflection. To determine the shape of the pool surface, an image processing technology has been developed to extract the skeleton of the specular reflection from the acquired image. The imaging principle is analysed to determine the correlation between the reflection and the weld pool surface. If the weld pool surface is known, the corresponding specular reflection can be directly calculated using the imaging model which is derived based on the reflection law. However, no explicit models can be obtained to determine the weld pool surface using the reflection and sensor parameters. To solve this difficulty, an iterative algorithm is proposed. The weld pool surface can now be calculated in 1 second from the specular reflection of the weld pool surface. A higher calculation speed is currently being pursued.
Development of Pyrethroid Substrates for Esterases Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance in the Tobacco Budworm, <i>Heliothis virescens</i> (F.) (2004)

Assays to detect esterases associated with resistance to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in larvae of H. virescens were developed and evaluated. Cross-resistance to a variety of insecticides was measured in strains resulting from selection with either profenofos (OP-R) or cypermethrin (PYR-R), and resistance in both strains appeared to have a metabolic component. Esters were synthesized that coupled 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, the acid moiety of some pyrethroid insecticides, with groups (e.g., p-nitrophenyl-) that could be detected spectrophotometrically following hydrolysis of the resulting esters. Activities toward these pyrethroid esters were significantly higher in both resistant strains than those in a susceptible reference strain. In addition, all pyrethroid esters significantly increased the toxicity of cypermethrin in bioassays with larvae from both PYR-R and OP-R strains. The biological and biochemical activities of these compounds are compared with those with more conventional esterase substrates and insecticide synergists, and the utility of pyrethroid esters as components of rapid assays for detecting esterases associated with insecticide resistance is discussed.
Research data supporting "An Event-Triggered Programmable Prefetcher for Irregular Workloads" (2018)

Source code for the LLVM passes for automating programmable prefetching, as well as code modifications to gem5 to evaluate programmable prefetching, and associated benchmarks.
Surface proteins of [i]Propionibacterium freudenreichii[/i] are involved in its anti-inflammatory properties. (2014)

Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a food grade bacterium consumed both in cheeses and in probiotic preparations. Its promising immunomodulatory potential largely relies on the presence of specific and strain-dependent surface compounds. The CIRM BIA 129 strain was selected for immunomodulatory properties, its surfaceome deciphered using an integrative approach. Surface Layer Associated Proteins (SLAPs) are involved in the anti-inflammatory properties,
Arrangement for contact-free measurement of electro-radiographic recording methods (1984)

In an exemplary embodiment, an electrical charge image is scanned by a matrix of integrated MOS components with a floating gate (or a switched floating gate), functioning as a matrix of potential sensors, to produce an image signal for display on a video screen. A minimum field effect transistor with source-follower circuitry is preferably employed as the potential sensor; the sensor outputs are linked to a shift register. The new component is suitable for employment for potential measurements in X-ray diagnostics.
Advanced optic fabrication using ultrafast laser radiation (2016)

Advanced fabrication and finishing techniques are desired for freeform optics and integrated photonics. Methods including grinding, polishing and magnetorheological finishing used for final figuring and polishing of such optics are time consuming, expensive, and may be unsuitable for complex surface features while common photonics fabrication techniques often limit devices to planar geometries. Laser processing has been investigated as an alternative method for optic forming, surface polishing, structure writing, and welding, as direct tuning of laser parameters and flexible beam delivery are advantageous for complex freeform or photonics elements and material-specific processing. Continuous wave and pulsed laser radiation down to the nanosecond regime have been implemented to achieve nanoscale surface finishes through localized material melting, but the temporal extent of the laser-material interaction often results in the formation of a sub-surface heat affected zone. The temporal brevity of ultrafast laser radiation can allow for the direct vaporization of rough surface asperities with minimal melting, offering the potential for smooth, final surface quality with negligible heat affected material. High intensities achieved in focused ultrafast laser radiation can easily induce phase changes in the bulk of materials for processing applications. We have experimentally tested the effectiveness of ultrafast laser radiation as an alternative laser source for surface processing of monocrystalline silicon. Simulation of material heating associated with ultrafast laser-material interaction has been performed and used to investigate optimized processing parameters including repetition rate. The parameter optimization process and results of experimental processing will be presented.
Room-Temperature-Cured Copolymers for Lithium Battery Gel Electrolytes (2009)

Polyimide-PEO copolymers (PEO signifies polyethylene oxide) that have branched rod-coil molecular structures and that can be cured into film form at room temperature have been invented for use as gel electrolytes for lithium-ion electric-power cells. These copolymers offer an alternative to previously patented branched rod-coil polyimides that have been considered for use as polymer electrolytes and that must be cured at a temperature of 200 C. In order to obtain sufficient conductivity for lithium ions in practical applications at and below room temperature, it is necessary to imbibe such a polymer with a suitable carbonate solvent or ionic liquid, but the high-temperature cure makes it impossible to incorporate and retain such a liquid within the polymer molecular framework. By eliminating the high-temperature cure, the present invention makes it possible to incorporate the required liquid.
New Quantum Photoconductivity and Large Photocurrent Gain by Effective-Mass Filtering in a Forward-Biased Superlattice<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>Junction (1985)

We report a new quantum-type photoconductivity in a forward-biased ${p}^{+}\ensuremath{-}n$ junction with a superlattice in the $n$ layer. This novel phenomenon is characterized by several striking features: a high photocurrent gain (\ensuremath{\simeq}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$), accompanied by a blue shift in the spectral response and a reversal in the direction of the photocurrent, when the forward bias exceeds the built-in potential. Photoconductive gain is caused by the large difference in the tunneling rates of electrons and holes through the superlattice layers, due to their large mass difference (effective-mass filtering). This is the first time that photoconductive gain is observed in a $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction.
Personalized Image Aesthetics (2017)

Automatic image aesthetics rating has received a growing interest with the recent breakthrough in deep learning. Although many studies exist for learning a generic or universal aesthetics model, investigation of aesthetics models incorporating individual user's preference is quite limited. We address this personalized aesthetics problem by showing that individual's aesthetic preferences exhibit strong correlations with content and aesthetic attributes, and hence the deviation of individual's perception from generic image aesthetics is predictable. To accommodate our study, we first collect two distinct datasets, a large image dataset from Flickr and annotated by Amazon Mechanical Turk, and a small dataset of real personal albums rated by owners. We then propose a new approach to personalized aesthetics learning that can be trained even with a small set of annotated images from a user. The approach is based on a residual-based model adaptation scheme which learns an offset to compensate for the generic aesthetics score. Finally, we introduce an active learning algorithm to optimize personalized aesthetics prediction for real-world application scenarios. Experiments demonstrate that our approach can effectively learn personalized aesthetics preferences, and outperforms existing methods on quantitative comparisons.
Developing Small Molecules that Inhibit K-Ras/GTP Binding Based on New Affinity Measurements (2020)

SUMMARY RAS genes encode small GTPases essential for proliferation, differentiation, and survival of mammalian cells. RAS gene mutations are associated with approximately 30% of all human cancers. However, based on measurements reported three decades ago of Ras protein affinities to GTP in the 10-20 picomolar range, it has been accepted in the scientific and medical communities that Ras proteins are undruggable targets. Here, we report MicroScale Thermophoresis and scintillation proximity assay measurements of the affinity of K-Ras and several K-Ras mutants for GTP in the range of 200 nanomolar, a 10,000-fold difference from that previously reported, and the identification of over 400 small molecules that block GTP binding to K-Ras. Focusing on two of those molecules, we report small molecule inhibition of Ras downstream signaling and cellular proliferation in human pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild type and K-Ras G12C, G12D and G12S, and N-Ras Q61K mutants.
Organically Modified Silica Nanoparticles with Covalently Incorporated Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (2007)

We report a novel nanoformulation of a photosensitizer (PS), for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, where the PS molecules are covalently incorporated into organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles. We found that the covalently incorporated PS molecules retained their spectroscopic and functional properties and could robustly generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen molecules upon photoirradiation. The synthesized nanoparticles are of ultralow size ( approximately 20 nm) and are highly monodispersed and stable in aqueous suspension. The advantage offered by this covalently linked nanofabrication is that the drug is not released during systemic circulation, which is often a problem with physical encapsulation. These nanoparticles are also avidly uptaken by tumor cells in vitro and demonstrate phototoxic action, thereby highlighting their potential in diagnosis and PDT of cancer.
Large deformation registration of contrast-enhanced images with volume-preserving constraint (2007)

We propose a registration method for the alignment of contrast-enhanced CT liver images. It consists of a fluid-based registration algorithm designed to incorporate a volume-preserving constraint. More specifically our objective is to recover an accurate non-rigid transformation in a perfusion study in presence of contrast-enhanced structures which preserves the incompressibility of liver tissues. This transformation is obtained by integrating a smooth divergence-free vector field derived from the gradient of a statistical similarity measure. This gradient is regularized with a fast recursive low-pass filter and is projected onto the space of divergence-free vector fields using a multigrid solver. Both 2D and 3D versions of the algorithm have been implemented. Simulations and experiments show that our approach improves the registration capture range, enforces the imcompressibility constraint with a good level of accuracy, and is computationally efficient. On perfusion studies, this method prevents the shrinkage of contrast-enhanced regions typically observed with standard fluid methods.
Newly Characterized Species-Specific Immunogenic<i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i>Peptide Reactive with Murine Monoclonal and Human Serum Antibodies (2002)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an unknown Chlamydophila pneumoniae epitope has been characterized, and the respective peptide mimotope has been identified. A murine MAb specific for C. pneumoniae was used to select peptides from phage display libraries. The peptides identified from the phage display library clones reacted specifically with the respective target murine MAb and with human sera previously identified as having antibody titers to C. pneumoniae. The selected peptide mimotope sequences tended to be composed of charged residues surrounding a core of hydrophobic residues. The peptide with the best binding could inhibit >95% of binding to the MAb, suggesting that the selected peptide binds the paratope of the respective MAb. The peptide reacted with human sera previously determined by microimmunofluorescence to have anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies. The peptide was competitively competed with the MAb against Renografin-purified, sonicated C. pneumoniae in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with whole-cell C. pneumoniae in an indirect fluorescence assay format, demonstrating its potential utility in the development of diagnostics. The use of this novel peptide may allow investigators to establish standardized assays free from cross-reactive Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila psittaci epitopes and immunoreactivity.