gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On hop-by-hop rate-based congestion control (1996)

The activity in building gigabit speed networks has led many researchers to re-examine the issue of congestion control. We describe a rate-based hop-by-hop congestion control mechanism in which the service rates of connections are dynamically adjusted at a switch, using feedback information provided by the neighboring switches. The desired service rate is computed based on a control equation that utilizes a model of the system with feedback information used to correct inaccuracies in the model. We use an analytical model to prove that the expected value of the queue occupancy and throughput of a controlled connection converge to the desired operating point. We also study the variation of the queue occupancy and throughput in steady-state as well as the transient response. The analytical results provide insights into how the parameter values chosen affect performance. We use simulations to compare the performance of the scheme with an equivalent end-to-end control scheme. Our analytical and simulation results show that the hop-by-hop scheme reacts faster to changes in the traffic intensity and, consequently, utilizes resources at the bottleneck better and loses fewer packets than the end-to-end scheme.
Photochemistry of colloidal semiconductors 29. Fractionation of CdS sols of small particles by exclusion chromatography (1989)

Abstract CdS sols stabilized by sodium hexametaphosphate or poly‐phosphate‐15 were fractionated in a column of sephacryl gel and the fractions investigated by electron microscopy and spectrophotometrically. A linear relationship between the logarithm of the particle size and the elution time was observed. The method may be used to prepare sols of narrow size distribution and to analyse unknown samples with respect to the size of the particles. —The thermal growth of very small CdS particles was followed by chromatography. The particles grew rather abruptly from one size distribution to another, which may be explained by growth via particle combination.
Time Discrimination Techniques Using Artificial Neural Networks for Positron Emission Tomography (2009)

Relevant information in positron emission tomography is currently being obtained mostly by analog signal-processing methods. New digital PET scanner architectures are now becoming available, which offer greater flexibility and easier reconfiguration capability as compared to previous PET designs. Moreover, new strategies can be devised to extract more information with better accuracy from the digitized detector signals. Trained artificial neural networks (ANN) have been investigated to improve coincidence timing resolution with different types of Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD)-based detectors. The signal at the output of a charge-sensitive preamplifier was digitized with an off-the-shelf, free-running 100-MHz, 8-bit analog-to-digital converter and time discrimination was performed with ANNs implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Results show that ANNs can be particularly efficient with slow and low light output scintillators, such as BGO, but less so with faster luminous crystals, such as LSO. In reference to a fast PMT-plastic detector, a time resolution of 6.5 ns was achieved with a BGO-APD detector. With LSO, the ANN was found to be competitive with other digital techniques developed in previous works. ANNs implemented in FPGAs provide a fast and flexible circuit that can be easily reconfigured to accommodate various detectors under different signal/noise conditions.
Effect of anti‐inflammatory drugs on the binding of calcium to cellular membranes in various human and guinea‐pig tissues (1973)

1. Cellular membranes were obtained by centrifugation of homogenates of various human and guinea-pig tissues. These membranes took up added calcium (Ca) when incubated at 25 degrees C for 10 min in histidine buffer at pH 7.4. The uptake of Ca was increased by the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).2. Evidence is presented that the membrane fragments which took up Ca under these conditions were derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.3. The ATP-dependent uptake of Ca by membranes derived from guinea-pig aortic or gastric smooth muscle or from human umbilical arterial muscle was inhibited by indomethacin in a concentration-dependent manner.4. The ATP-dependent uptake of Ca by membranes derived from heart, brain, skeletal muscle or liver of the guinea-pig was not inhibited by indomethacin.5. Endothelial cells were obtained from the lining of the human umbilical vein. Cellular membranes were prepared from the endothelial cells by homogenization and centrifugation. The endothelial membranes took up added Ca in the presence of added ATP and this uptake was inhibited by indomethacin and also by members of a group of pharmacologically-related drugs.
Leader protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus is required for cleavage of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex (1988)

Suppression of host protein synthesis in cells infected by poliovirus and certain other picornaviruses involves inactivation of the cap-binding protein complex. Inactivation of this complex has been correlated with the proteolytic cleavage of p220, a component of the cap-binding protein complex. Since picornaviral RNA is not capped, it continues to be translated as the cap-binding protein complex is inactivated. The cleavage of p220 can be induced to occur in vitro, catalyzed by extracts from infected cells or by reticulocyte lysates translating viral RNA. Expression of polioviral protease 2A is sufficient to induce p220 cleavage, and the presence in 2A of an 18-amino-acid sequence representing a putative cysteine protease active site correlates with the ability of different picornaviruses to induce p220 cleavage. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection induces complete cleavage of p220, yet the FMDV genome codes for a 2A protein of only 16 amino acids, which does not include the putative cysteine protease active site. Using cDNA plasmids encoding various regions of the FMDV genome, we have determined that the leader protein is required to initiate p220 cleavage. This is the first report of a function for the leader protein, other than that of autocatalytic cleavage from the FMDV polyprotein.
Non-linear control of a Narrow Tilting Vehicle (2014)

Narrow Tilting Vehicles (NTVs) are the convergence of a car and a motorcycle. They are expected to be the new generation of city cars considering their practical dimensions and lower energy consumption. But considering their height to breadth ratio, in order to maintain lateral stability, NTVs should tilt when cornering. Unlike the motorcycle's case, where the driver tilts the vehicle himself, the tilting of an NTV should be automatic. Two tilting systems are available; Direct and Steering Tilt Control, the combined action of these two systems being certainly the key to improve considerably NTVs dynamic performances. Focusing on the lateral dynamic of NTVs, multivariable control strategies based on linear robust control theory, were already proposed in the literature, assuming decoupling with the longitudinal dynamic. In this paper a 4 DoF model of the main longitudinal and lateral dynamics is considered, and its differential flatness is demonstrated. The three flat outputs have furthermore a particular physical meaning, making possible the design of a simple external control loop complying with the driver demands.
Tuning the gradient structure of highly breathable, permeable, directional water transport in bi-layered Janus fibrous membranes using electrospinning (2020)

In this paper, a novel bi-layered Janus fibrous electrospun membrane with robust moisture permeable, breathable and directional water transport properties is successfully fabricated and reported for the first time. This fibrous membrane consists of a thin inner layer of hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a thick outer layer of super hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The PAN layer is coated with dopamine (PDA) to tailor the wettability. The subsequent TPU-PAN/PDA membrane demonstrates outstanding wettability and thickness gradients, which facilitate directional water transport from the TPU to the PAN/PDA layer and improve the WVT rate to 9065 g m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> and the air permeability to 100 mm s<sup>-1</sup> (5.0 times higher than a commercial membrane). Furthermore, a plausible mechanism explaining the bi-layered Janus fibrous membrane performance is studied. The fibrous membrane is suggested to be a promising candidate for various applications, especially in moisture-wicking clothing.
A surge-free intelligent power device specific to automotive high side switches (1991)

A novel type of intelligent power device (IPD), which is suitable for automotive monolithic high side switch with high current capability, is presented. An integration of a vertical-power DMOSFET and planar MOS IC devices is performed by the newly developed junction-isolation technique using only one epitaxial growth. The isolation voltage of 80 V has been obtained, which is large enough for automotive IPDs if they are protected against high voltage transients on the battery line. A rugged vertical DMOSFET (VDMOS) has also been developed for this IPD. It has a cellular Zener diode between its source and drain, which prevents the secondary breakdown of parasitic bipolar transistor, and the resulting avalanche capability enhancement is more than an order of magnitude. This VDMOS is used for both output power device and protection device for low-voltage MOS circuitry, which makes the IPD free from any transients in the automobile without the need for external protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Incomplete star: an incrementally scalable network based on the star graph (1994)

Introduces a new interconnection network for massively parallel systems called the incomplete star graph. The authors describe unique ways of interconnecting and labeling the nodes and routing point-to-point communications within this network. In addition, they provide an analysis of a special class of incomplete star graph called C/sup n/spl minus/1/ graph and obtain the diameter and average distance for this network. For the C/sup n/spl minus/1/ graph, an efficient broadcasting scheme is presented. Furthermore, it is proven that a C/sup n/spl minus/1/ with N nodes (i.e. N=m(n/spl minus/1)!) is Hamiltonian if m=4 or m=3k, and k/spl ne/2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
i-Hand: An intelligent robotic hand for fast and accurate assembly in electronic manufacturing (2012)

In electronic manufacturing system, the design of the robotic gripper is important for the successful accomplishment of the assembly task. Due to the restriction of the architecture of traditional robotic hands, the status of assembly parts during the assembly process cannot be effectively detected. In this research, an intelligent robotic gripper - i-Hand equipped with multiple small sensors is designed and built for this purpose, getting the essential parameters for some specific mathematical model. Mating connectors by robot, as an experimental case in this paper, is studied to evaluate the performance of i-Hand. A simple new model is proposed to describe the process of mating connectors, within which the distance between the connector and deformable Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is detected by i-Hand. An online Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) algorithm is proposed. Various possible situations during assembly are considered and handled according to an event driven work flow. The effectiveness of proposed model and algorithm is proved by the experiments.
Trunk positioning accuracy in the frontal and sagittal planes (1991)

The accuracy with which the head and spine could be positioned in the frontal and sagittal planes relative to the pelvis was measured and compared in ten healthy adult males. Subjects were tested with eyes closed, while standing with their pelvis externally restrained. The positions of markers, attached to the back of the head and over each of the T1, T6, T11, and L3 spinous processes, were measured to the nearest mm using strain-gaged flexible beam transducers. Subjects were tested for their accuracy in sensing return of the trunk to an initial neutral position under different test conditions. Results showed that positioning was 16-45% more accurate in the frontal than in the sagittal plane, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. T1 could be centered to within 7 and 10 mm in the frontal and sagittal planes, respectively. No significant differences were found between active and passive positioning accuracies. Presence of an external trunk moment did not significantly affect trunk positioning accuracy, although it systematically caused overshoot of the neutral position. Lastly, lateral trunk shifts exceeding 12 mm may be classified as abnormal in young adults.
Hierarchical test generation using precomputed testsd for modules (2003)

A novel test-generation technique for large circuits with high fault-coverage requirements is described. Circuit modules and signals are represented at a high descriptive level. Test data for modules are represented by predefined stimulus/response packages which are processed symbolically using techniques derived from artificial intelligence. Since many test vectors are processed simultaneously, a substantial increase in test generation speed can be achieved. Preliminary results from a programmed implementation of the proposed test-generation technique are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of the Pathogenic R5-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV <sub>AD8</sub> by Serial Passaging in Rhesus Macaques (2010)

A new pathogenic R5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) was generated following serial passaging in rhesus macaques. All 13 animals inoculated with SHIV(AD8) passaged lineages experienced marked depletions of CD4(+) T cells. Ten of these infected monkeys became normal progressors (NPs) and had gradual losses of both memory and naïve CD4(+) T lymphocytes, generated antiviral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, and sustained chronic immune activation while maintaining variable levels of plasma viremia (10(2) to 10(5) RNA copies/ml for up to 3 years postinfection [p.i.]). To date, five NPs developed AIDS associated with opportunistic infections caused by Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium, and Campylobacter coli that required euthanasia between weeks 100 and 199 p.i. Three other NPs have experienced marked depletions of circulating CD4(+) T lymphocytes (92 to 154 cells/microl) following 1 to 2 years of infection. When tested for coreceptor usage, the viruses isolated from four NPs at the time of their euthanasia remained R5 tropic. Three of the 13 SHIV(AD8)-inoculated macaques experienced a rapid-progressor syndrome characterized by sustained plasma viremia of >1 x 10(7) RNA copies/ml and rapid irreversible loss of memory CD4(+) T cells that required euthanasia between weeks 19 and 23 postinfection. The sustained viremia, associated depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and induction of AIDS make the SHIV(AD8) lineage of viruses a potentially valuable reagent for vaccine studies.
AI Routers & Network Mind: A Hybrid Machine Learning Paradigm for Packet Routing (2019)

With the increasing complexity of network topologies and architectures, adding intelligence to the network control plane through Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) is becoming a trend in network development. For large-scale geo-distributed systems, determining how to appropriately introduce intelligence in networking is the key to high-efficiency operation. In this treatise, we explore two deployment paradigms (centralized vs. distributed) for AI-based networking. To achieve the best results, we propose a hybrid ML paradigm that combines a distributed intelligence, based on units called "AI routers," with a centralized intelligence, called the "network mind", to support different network services. In the proposed paradigm, we deploy centralized AI control for connection-oriented tunneling-based routing protocols (such as multiprotocol label switching and segment routing) to guarantee a high QoS, whereas for hop-by-hop IP routing, we shift the intelligent control responsibility to each AI router to ease the overhead imposed by centralized control and use the network mind to improve the global convergence.
Modern radar system analysis (1988)

The Radar Range Equation. The Theory of Target Detection. Targets and Interference. Radar Antennas. Waveforms and Signal Processing. Radar Propagation. Search Radar Systems. Angle Measurement and Tracking. Range and Doppler Measurement. Tracking Radar Acquisition and Target Considerations. Radar Error Analysis.
Phosphites Add Across Double Bonds (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPhosphites Add Across Double BondsSTEVE STINSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 36, 45Publication Date (Print):September 4, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 4 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n036.p045https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n036.p045newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Actinides,Catalysts,Nuclear waste,Organic chemistry,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Degradation Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of CCD Image Sensor With Deep-UV Laser Radiation (2004)

As the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser technology continues to mature, an increasing number of industrial applications is shifting to intense DUV radiation sources. This trend necessitates the development of DUV sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras to provide imaging capability for process control and inspection purposes. In this paper, we examine the effects of DUV laser radiation on CCD image sensor characteristics and the mechanisms responsible for DUV laser damage in CCDs. When samples of thinned front-illuminated linescan CCD sensors are exposed to F/sub 2/(/spl lambda/=157 nm) excimer laser radiation, fluctuation in the extrinsic quantum efficiency (QE) and a substantial upsurge in the dark current density are observed as a function of exposure dose. The visible QE, dark current, and charge conversion efficiency (CCE) are also permanently altered by the DUV irradiation. These instabilities can be attributed to a variety of UV-induced effects that modify the optical and electrical properties of the SiO/sub 2/ layer and Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface, resulting in temporary and permanent shifts in CCD performance. Optimization of the overlying oxide thickness and the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface quality are necessary in order to realize CCD sensors with the desired performance, radiation tolerance and stability at DUV wavelengths.
A Novel 3-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-<i>manno</i>-Octulosonic Acid (Kdo) Hydrolase That Removes the Outer Kdo Sugar of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Lipopolysaccharide (2005)

The lipid A domain anchors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the outer membrane and is typically a disaccharide of glucosamine that is both acylated and phosphorylated. The core and O-antigen carbohydrate domains are linked to the lipid A moiety through the eight-carbon sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid known as Kdo. Helicobacter pylori LPS has been characterized as having a single Kdo residue attached to lipid A, predicting in vivo a monofunctional Kdo transferase (WaaA). However, using an in vitro assay system we demonstrate that H. pylori WaaA is a bifunctional enzyme transferring two Kdo sugars to the tetra-acylated lipid A precursor lipid IV(A). In the present work we report the discovery of a Kdo hydrolase in membranes of H. pylori capable of removing the outer Kdo sugar from Kdo2-lipid A. Enzymatic removal of the Kdo group was dependent upon prior removal of the 1-phosphate group from the lipid A domain, and mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction product confirmed the enzymatic removal of a single Kdo residue by the Kdo-trimming enzyme. This is the first characterization of a Kdo hydrolase involved in the modification of gram-negative bacterial LPS.
Hereditary pancreatitis: new insights into acute and chronic pancreatitis (1999)

Hereditary pancreatitis has recently emerged as an important pancreatic disease. Although relatively rare, this genetic disorder has provided major breakthroughs in our understanding of acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, study of this disorder promises additional insights into the pathophysiology of human pancreatitis, new strategies for developing animal models of disease, and new therapies to treat or prevent acute and chronic pancreatitis. A review of recent findings and mechanisms of disease should benefit scientists who study the pancreas and physicians who care for individuals with pancreatitis. This report will focus on acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Detecting the Onset of an Impending Thermoacoustic Instability Using Complex Networks (2016)

Recently, M. Murugesan and R. I. Sujith ( “ Combustion Noise is Scale-Free: Transition from Scale-Free to Order at the Onset of Thermoacoustic Instability ,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Vol. 32 , June 2015 , pp. 225 – 245 ) showed that the transition from combustion noise to thermoacoustic instability can be represented as a change from a scale-free to a regular structure in the topology of complex networks. These topological changes of the complex networks during this transition can be quantified by calculating the network properties. In this paper, the variation of network properties, namely, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, network diameter, and global efficiency is presented as the system dynamics undergoes transition from combustion noise to thermoacoustic instability. These network properties capture the change in system dynamics well before the rise in pressure amplitude levels in the combustors. These network properties can be used as early warning signals to detect the onset of impending thermoacoustic instabilities.
GOST: an active modeling system for costing and planning NASA space programs (2002)

Discusses an active, or symbiotic, decision support system developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration called the Generic Operations Simulation Technique (GOST). GOST combines parametric modeling techniques (regression) with discrete-event simulation to cost and plan future space programs. GOST differs from previous process modeling approaches by providing an 'artificially intelligent modeling expert' and an 'artificially intelligent domain expert' for assisting the user in developing and analyzing process models. An object oriented knowledge representation system provides the foundation for the GOST environment. A taxonomy of Computer Directed Process Managers, implemented within the representation system, control the appropriate processes responsible for delivering active modeling support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>