gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Breakdown Properties of SiO<sub>2</sub> Films Grown in Halogen and Hydrogen‐Containing Environments (1974)

Thermal oxidation of silicon, in the presence of chlorine or bromine compounds, effectively improved the dielectric breakdown characteristics (as measured with a voltage ramp) of the resulting <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> films. At high halogen concentrations the oxidation rate was erratic; the optimal initial breakdown properties were attained by oxidizing with about one‐half of the halogen‐containing additive that would cause etching of the Si. Oxidation in the presence of halides increased the resistance of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> films to dielectric breakdown under accelerated bias‐temperature stressing. The maximum time to failure varied semilogarithmically with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML3" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">HCl</mml:mi> </mml:math> concentration and increased by 0.3 to 0.65 decade per per cent of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML4" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">HCl</mml:mi> </mml:math> (0–3% <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML5" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">HCl</mml:mi> </mml:math> range) for applied fields from 2 to 7 MV/cm, respectively. Higher oxidation temperatures further improved the resistance of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML6" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">HCl</mml:mi> </mml:math> oxides to dielectric wear‐out. The longer wear‐out times were attributed to hydrogen rather than the halogen and could be achieved by oxidation in small concentrations of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML7" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>H</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>O</mml:mo> </mml:math> , annealing in H2, or.implantation of H2 or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML8" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>H</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>O</mml:mo> </mml:math> .
Fluorescent DNA Nanotags:  Supramolecular Fluorescent Labels Based on Intercalating Dye Arrays Assembled on Nanostructured DNA Templates (2007)

Fluorescence detection and imaging are vital technologies in the life sciences and clinical diagnostics. The key to obtaining high-resolution images and sensitive detection is to use fluorescent molecules or particles that absorb and emit visible light with high efficiency. We have synthesized supramolecular complexes consisting of a branched DNA template and fluorogenic intercalating dyes. Because dyes can intercalate up to every other base pair, high densities of fluorophores are assembled yet the DNA template keeps them far enough away from each other to prevent self-quenching. The efficiency with which these noncovalent assemblies absorb light is more than 10-fold greater than that of the individual dye molecules. Förster resonance energy transfer from the intercalated dyes to covalently attached acceptor dyes is very efficient, allowing for wavelength shifting of the emission spectrum. Simple biotinylation of the DNA template allows for labeling of streptavidin-coated synthetic microspheres and mouse T-cells.
(Carbon dioxide)bis(trialkylphosphine)nickel complexes (1977)

The reaction of [NiL4](L = PEt3 or PBun3) with CO2 in toluene affords complexes of formula [Ni(CO2)L2], via the [Ni(CO2)L3] species. The reaction of [Ni(CO2){P(C6H11)3}2]·0.75C6H5Me with O2 to give (peroxocarbonato)-bis( tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel(II) is also reported.
A Fluorogenic Probe for the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Ligation Reaction:  Modulation of the Fluorescence Emission via <sup>3</sup>(n,π*)<i>−</i>(π,π*) Inversion (2004)

Chemoselective ligation reactions represent a powerful approach for labeling of proteins or small molecules in a biological environment. We report here a fluorogenic probe that is activated by click chemistry, a highly versatile bio-orthogonal and chemoselective ligation reaction which is based on the azide moiety as the functional group. The electron-donating properties of the triazole ring that is formed in the course of the coupling reaction was effectively utilized to modulate the fluorescence output of an electronically coupled coumarin fluorophore. Under physiological conditions the probe is essentially nonfluorescent and undergoes a bright emission enhancement upon ligation with an azide. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy and semiempirical quantum-mechanical calculations suggest that the fluorescence switching is due to an inversion of the energy ordering of the emissive 1(pi,pi*) and nonemissive 3(n,pi*) excited states. The rapid kinetics of the ligation reaction render the probe attractive for a wide range of applications in biology, analytical chemistry, or material science.
The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Histologic Classification, Unique Features and Areas of Overlap (2015)

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are diverse in terms of sites of origin, functional status, and degrees of aggressiveness. This review will introduce some of the common features of neuroendocrine neoplasms and will explore the differences in pathology, classification, biology, and clinical management between tumors of different anatomic sites, specifically, the lung, pancreas, and prostate. Despite sharing neuroendocrine differentiation and histologic evidence of the neuroendocrine phenotype in most organs, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WD-NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-NECs) are two very different families of neoplasms. WD-NETs (grade 1 and 2) are relatively indolent (with a natural history that can evolve over many years or decades), closely resemble non-neoplastic neuroendocrine cells, and demonstrate production of neurosecretory proteins, such as chromogranin A. They arise in the lungs and throughout the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, but WD-NETs of the prostate gland are uncommon. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy, but treatment of unresectable disease depends on the site of origin. In contrast, PD-NECs (grade 3, small cell or large cell) of all sites often demonstrate alterations in P53 and Rb, exhibit an aggressive clinical course, and are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Only WD-NETs arise in patients with inherited neuroendocrine neoplasia syndromes (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1), and some common genetic alterations are site-specific (e.g., TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement in PD-NECs arising in the prostate gland). Advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of NETs should lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and is an area of active investigation.
Selective Inhibition of Free Apolipoprotein-Mediated Cellular Lipid Efflux by Probucol (1996)

We attempted to demonstrate selective modulation of lipid-free apolipoprotein-mediated cellular lipid efflux in order to test the hypothesis that it is an event independent of nonspecific physicochemical cholesterol exchange. Probucol, a unique cholesterol-lowering drug, was found to selectively suppress this pathway in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophage. Probucol was given to the cells via the uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into which it had been incorporated. The uptake of lipoprotein-cholesteryl ester by the macrophage was the same whether the acetylated LDL was probucol-carrying or probucol-free, and probucol accumulated in the cell in parallel to cholesterol when carried by the lipoprotein. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into cell protein was unaffected by probucol accumulated in the cells. The efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid mediated by lipid-free human apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and E was all completely inhibited by probucol. Reversible binding of free apoA-I to the cellular surface was also completely blocked by probucol in this condition. On the other hand, nonspecific cholesterol exchange between LDL and macrophage was unaffected by probucol. Thus, probucol selectively inhibited apolipoprotein-mediated cellular lipid efflux by blocking specific binding of free apolipoprotein to the cell without influencing nonspecific lipid exchange. In the absence of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) reaction, apparent cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was reduced by probucol by 40-70% while the rate of cholesterol influx from HDL to the cells was unaffected, resulting in cancellation of the net cellular cholesterol efflux to HDL. However, the increase of the net cholesterol efflux to HDL by LCAT was unaffected by probucol. Net cellular cholesterol efflux to HDL in the absence of LCAT, therefore, seems to depend on an apolipoprotein-mediated mechanism.
Solid-State and Surface Spectroscopic Characterization of BaTiO3 Fine Powders (1994)

The bulk and surface structure of two BaTiO3 powders has been investigated by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. A high-area sample (39 m2/g), produced by a hydrothermal method, cubic to XRD, appears to have lower symmetry to Raman spectroscopy, with unit-cell distortions similar to those of tetragonal ferroelectric BaTiO3. It contains BaCO3 impurities, leading to a bulk Ba/Ti ratio lower than 1, as also evidenced by Raman spectra. Bulk hydroxy groups are evident, possibly needed to balance such a charge defect. Calcination at 1223 K causes the disappearance of these impurities and converts this material in the usual tetragonal phase. The surface properties of both powders, investigated through water and pyridine adsorption, are similar and appear to be dominated by Ba2+ ions, so leading to a solid characterized by extremely weak Lewis acidity. An interpretation for the solid-state behavior of the starting powder is proposed.
Synthesis and Characterization of 5,10-Bis(2-thienyl)indeno[2,1-<i>a</i>]indene Derivatives:  The First Examples of Conducting Polymers Containing a Rigid Bis(thienyl)butadiene Core (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of 5,10-Bis(2-thienyl)indeno[2,1-a]indene Derivatives: The First Examples of Conducting Polymers Containing a Rigid Bis(thienyl)butadiene CoreJongtae Yang, M. V. Lakshmikantham, Michael P. Cava, Dominique Lorcy, and Joelle Rault BethelotView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336 Synthèse & Electrosynthèse Organiques, UMR CNRS 6510, Universitè de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35402 Rennes Cedex, France Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 20, 6739–6742Publication Date (Web):September 9, 2000Publication History Received19 July 1999Published online9 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991140yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991140ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1447Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrical conductivity,Electrodes,Platinum,Polymers,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Spatial-Temporal Graphs for Cross-Modal Text2Video Retrieval (2021)

Cross-modal text to video retrieval aims to find relevant videos for given text queries, which is crucial for various real-world applications. The key to address this task is to build the correspondence between video and text such that the related samples from different modalities can be aligned. As the text (sentence) contains both nouns and verbs representing objects as well as their interactions, retrieving the relevant videos requires a fine-grained understanding of video contents---not only the semantic concepts (i.e., objects) but also the interactions between them. Nevertheless, the current approaches mostly represent videos with aggregated frame-level features for the learning of joint space and ignore the information of object interactions, which usually results in suboptimal retrieval performance. To improve the performance of cross-modal video retrieval, this paper proposes a framework that models videos as spatial-temporal graphs where nodes correspond to visual objects and edges correspond to the relations/interactions between objects. With the spatial-temporal graphs, the object interactions in frame sequences can be captured to enrich the video representations for joint space learning. Specifically, Graph Convolutional Network is introduced to learn the representations on spatial-temporal graphs, aiming to encode the spatial-temporal interactions between objects; while BERT is introduced to dynamically encode the sentence according to the context for cross-modal retrieval. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework and it achieves promising performances on both MSR-VTT and LSMDC datasets.
Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans (2018)

Despite multiple associations between the microbiota and immune diseases, their role in autoimmunity is poorly understood. We found that translocation of a gut pathobiont, <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i>, to the liver and other systemic tissues triggers autoimmune responses in a genetic background predisposing to autoimmunity. Antibiotic treatment prevented mortality in this model, suppressed growth of <i>E. gallinarum</i> in tissues, and eliminated pathogenic autoantibodies and T cells. Hepatocyte-<i>E. gallinarum</i> cocultures induced autoimmune-promoting factors. Pathobiont translocation in monocolonized and autoimmune-prone mice induced autoantibodies and caused mortality, which could be prevented by an intramuscular vaccine targeting the pathobiont. <i>E. gallinarum</i>-specific DNA was recovered from liver biopsies of autoimmune patients, and cocultures with human hepatocytes replicated the murine findings; hence, similar processes apparently occur in susceptible humans. These discoveries show that a gut pathobiont can translocate and promote autoimmunity in genetically predisposed hosts.
Weighted coordinates on genus 2 hyperelliptic curves (2002)

This paper is the third in a line considering the arithmetic in the ideal class group of hyperelliptic genus two curves. The previous two papers deal with generalizations of affine and projective coordinates. Now we investigate how one can obtain inversion free formulae that are faster than projective by considering weighted coordinates. To that end we make an extensive case study to deal with different characteristic, equation of the curve, space requirement and situation of appliance.
Interleukin‐1β selectively decreases the synthesis of versican by arterial smooth muscle cells (2007)

Proteoglycans accumulate in lesions of atherosclerosis but little is known as to which factors regulate the synthesis of these molecules. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a cytokine involved in vascular lesion development but it is not clear whether it has specific effects on proteoglycan synthesis by arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Monkey ASMC were treated with IL-1beta and proteoglycan synthesis assessed using [(35)S]-sulfate and [(35)S]-Trans amino acid labeling. Four prominent size populations of proteoglycans, as determined by SDS-PAGE gradient gel electrophoresis, were observed in the culture medium and identified as versican, biglycan, decorin, and an unknown population that migrated to the gel interface. IL-1beta treatment decreased significantly the synthesis of versican, while increasing the synthesis of decorin, but having no effect on biglycan synthesis. Northern blot analyses confirmed this selective effect on versican and decorin mRNA transcripts. Nuclear run-on and RNA inhibition studies showed that decreased mRNA for versican was due to increased mRNA degradation and not to changes in transcription. In addition, IL-1beta increased the synthesis of the population of proteoglycans that separated at the SDS-PAGE gel interface. Chondroitinase ABC lyase digestion of this population revealed a complex of proteins composed of versican (350 kDa), an unidentified protein (215 kDa), and a 23 kDa protein identified by sequence analyses as serglycin. These data demonstrate that IL-1beta selectively downregulates versican synthesis by ASMC, while positively regulating the synthesis of other proteoglycans.
Tierexperimentelle und klinische Studien zum Einfluß von Naturstoffen auf die Kristallisation von Kalziumoxalat (1982)

Bereits in früheren Mitteilungen haben wir auf die Anwendung von Krappdrogen (Rubia tinctorum) bei der Kalziumsteinbildung im Tierexperiment aufmerksam gemacht (2, 3). Als ein wesentlicher Wirkstoffpool der in unseren Experimenten eingesetzten Drogenextrakte von Rubia tinctorum — u. a. in bekannten Spasmolytika wie Cystium®, Urol® und Nieron® als Wirkstoffkomponente enthalten (9, 13), — lassen sich glykosidisch gebundene Hydroxyanthrachinonaglyka vom Typ des Alizarins und Purpurins (Abb. 1) beschreiben (1, 12). Die insbesondere am Modell eines Fremdkörperblasensteines beim Kaninchen (2, 3), aber auch in vitro an Ca-Oxalatpräzipitaten (2, 8) ausgewiesene kristallisationsinhibierende Wirkung dieser Substanzklasse mit phenolischen OH-Gruppen legte nach anfänglich komplexchemischer Deutung des Wirkmechanismus (2, 3, 8, 10, 12) ein Wirkprinzip im Sinne einer spezifischen „Oberflächenvergiftung“ an homogenen und heterogenen Kristallkeimen nahe, wie wir es beispielsweise von Pyro- und Polyphosphaten (7) kennen und das auch für eine Reihe von Farbstoffen wahrscheinlich gemacht wurde.
Cigarette Smoke Decreases Salivary 18 kDa Translocator Protein Binding Affinity – in Association with Oxidative Stress (2010)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cigarette smoke may contribute to lung and oral cancer. The 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) has been reported to be affected by ROS as well as to participate in ROS generation at mitochondrial levels, and has been implicated in pro-apoptotic and anti-carcinogenic functions. The present study reports the presence of TSPO in the cellular fraction of human saliva. In cells collected from untreated saliva, the specific TSPO ligand [3H]PK 11195 showed saturable binding with high affinity, with mean Bmax and Kd values of 6,471 ± 501 fmol/mg protein and 6.2 ± 0.5 nM, respectively. Our study further indicates that the cellular fraction of human saliva possesses TSPO with binding characteristics similar to that of cells from other tissues of human origin. Following exposure of saliva to cigarette smoke a three-fold decrease in the affinity of salivary TSPO to its specific ligand, [3H]PK 11195 (p < 0.01) occurred in the cellular fraction of the saliva, in comparison to sham treated control, without significant accompanying changes in TSPO Bmax , TSPO protein levels, or general protein levels. The changes in affinity of TSPO from the cellular fraction of saliva exposed to cigarette smoke were accompanied by changes in the mean levels of protein oxidation products (carbonyls) and lipid peroxides, which were three-fold higher (p < 0.01) and two-fold higher (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to those of sham treated controls. Thus, our study shows that TSPO is present in the cellular component of saliva. Interestingly, in vitro this cellular TSPO is affected by exposure of the whole saliva to cigarette smoke, in negative correlation with oxidative stress. Keywords: Cigarette smoke, 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO), peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), saliva, oxidative stress
Responsive Theranostic Systems: Integration of Diagnostic Imaging Agents and Responsive Controlled Release Drug Delivery Carriers (2011)

For decades, researchers and medical professionals have aspired to develop mechanisms for noninvasive treatment and monitoring of pathological conditions within the human body. The emergence of nanotechnology has spawned new opportunities for novel drug delivery vehicles capable of concomitant detection, monitoring, and localized treatment of specific disease sites. In turn, researchers have endeavored to develop an imaging moiety that could be functionalized to seek out specific diseased conditions and could be monitored with conventional clinical imaging modalities. Such nanoscale detection systems have the potential to increase early detection of pathophysiological conditions because they can detect abnormal cells before they even develop into diseased tissue or tumors. Ideally, once the diseased cells are detected, clinicians would like to treat those cells simultaneously. This idea led to the concept of multifunctional carriers that could target, detect, and treat diseased cells. The term "theranostics" has been created to describe this promising area of research that focuses on the combination of diagnostic detection agents with therapeutic drug delivery carriers. Targeted theranostic nanocarriers offer an attractive improvement to disease treatment because of their ability to execute simultaneous functions at targeted diseased sites. Research efforts in the field of theranostics encompass a broad variety of drug delivery vehicles, imaging contrast agents, and targeting modalities for the development of an all-in-one, localized detection and treatment system. Nanotheranostic systems that utilize metallic or magnetic imaging nanoparticles can also be used as thermal therapeutic systems. This Account explores recent advances in the field of nanotheranostics and the various fundamental components of an effective theranostic carrier.
Assessing the Use of Activated Protein C in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis (2002)

In 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated an application for the use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), or recombinant human activated protein C (Xigris, Eli Lilly), in patients with severe sepsis. The use of activated protein C, as compared with placebo, was associated with a significant reduction in mortality in the Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial (24.7 percent vs. 30.8 percent, P=0.005).1 Extensive review by physicians and scientists at the FDA confirmed the principal findings of the PROWESS trial but raised issues regarding the interpretation of data and appropriate use of the . . .