gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time cross-sectional and en face OCT angiography guiding high-quality scan acquisition (2019)

Defocusing, vignetting, and bulk motion degrade the image quality of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) more significantly than structural OCT. The assessment of focus, alignment conditions, and stability of imaging subjects in commercially available OCTA systems are currently based on OCT signal quality alone, without knowledge of OCTA signal quality. This results in low yield rates for further quantification. In this Letter, we developed a novel OCTA platform based on a graphics processing unit (GPU) for a real-time, high refresh rate, B-san-by-B-scan split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography. The GPU provides a real-time display of both cross-sectional and en face images to assist operators during scan acquisition and ensure OCTA scan quality.
TSV‐based antenna for on‐chip wireless communication (2019)

On‐chip wireless interconnects provide signal broadcasting and link shortcuts for improved latency and throughput, useful considering the increase of the number of processing elements on a chip. In this work, a through‐silicon via antenna ( TSV_A ) for on‐chip wireless communication is proposed. TSV_A significantly improves the wireless interconnect performance over current solutions of on‐chip antennas, which occupy a large area of the chip and are not capable of far‐reaching transmission. Printed circuit board (PCB) prototypes are designed and fabricated to validate the proposed TSV_A . The PCB prototype of the TSV_A has an insertion loss of 5–10 dB at a distance of ≃20 mm, measured in PCB and validated with high fidelity 3D finite element method simulation results. TSV_A has improved path loss, smaller size, and lower manufacturing costs due to the well‐established TSV fabrication process for 3D‐ICs. Projections for an on‐chip 3D‐IC operation indicate up to 40 dB improved signal strength compared to other on‐chip antennas, with an insertion loss of ≃3–5 dB up to a 30 mm distance.
SQUID: A Practical 100% Throughput Scheduler for Crosspoint Buffered Switches (2010)

Crosspoint buffered switches are emerging as the focus of research in high-speed routers. They have simpler scheduling algorithms and achieve better performance than bufferless crossbar switches. Crosspoint buffered switches have a buffer at each crosspoint. A cell is first delivered to a crosspoint buffer, and then transferred to the output port. With a speedup of 2, a crosspoint buffered switch has previously been proved to provide 100% throughput. In this paper, we propose two 100% throughput scheduling algorithms without speedup for crosspoint buffered switches, called SQUISH and SQUID. We prove that both schemes can achieve 100% throughput for any admissible Bernoulli traffic, with the minimum required crosspoint buffer size being as small as a single cell buffer. Both schemes have a low time complexity of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ), where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is the switch size. Simulation results show a delay performance comparable to output-queued switches. We also present a novel queuing model that models crosspoint buffered switches under uniform traffic.
Online junction temperature estimation for IGBT modules with paralleled semiconductor chips (2014)

The paper presents methods for the online estimation of the junction temperature (Tj) for IGBT modules with paralleled semiconductor chips, with each chip operating at different junction temperatures. Experimental and simulation results are presented. The Tj estimated from the gate-emitter voltage (Vge) during the IGBT switch off process was found to be very close to the average junction temperature of all the semiconductor chips in the IGBT module. The Tj estimated from the dVce/dt slope at lower voltages was found to represent the highest temperature of all the semiconductor chips in the IGBT module.
Arrangement of four photodetectors for measuring the state of polarization of light (1985)

A new photopolarimeter for the simultaneous measurement of all four Stokes parameters of light is described. The light beam, whose state of polarization is to be determined, strikes at oblique incidence three photodetector surfaces in succession, each of which is partially specularly reflecting and each of which generates an electrical signal proportional to the fraction of the radiation that it absorbs. A fourth photodetector captures the remainder of the light. The four outputs thus developed form a 4 x 1 signal vector I, which is linearly related, I = AS, to the input Stokes vector S. Consequently, S is obtained by S = A(-1)I. The 4 x 4 instrument matrix A must be nonsingular, and this requires that the light beam not remain in one plane. For a given arrangement of four detectors, A can be either computed or determined by calibration. The advantages of this polarimeter are enumerated.
Weibull-distributed weather clutter in the frequency domain (1984)

It is shown that Weibull-distributed weather clutter obeys a Weibull distribution after processing by the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Thus the new Weibull CFAR detector should be considered to suppress such clutter in the frequency domain.
Adjustable Reeds For Weaving (1994)

Local characteristics of fabrics varied to suit special applications. Adjustable reed machinery proposed for use in weaving fabrics in various net shapes, widths, yarn spacings, and yarn angles. Locations of edges of fabric and configuration of warp and filling yarns varied along fabric to obtain specified properties. In machinery, reed wires mounted in groups on sliders, mounted on lengthwise rails in reed frame. Mechanisms incorporated to move sliders lengthwise, parallel to warp yarns, by sliding them along rails; move sliders crosswise by translating reed frame rails perpendicular to warp yarns; and crosswise by spreading reed rails within group. Profile of reed wires in group on each slider changed.
Enhanced T-cell signaling in cells bearing linker for activation of T-cell (LAT) molecules resistant to ubiquitylation (2011)

Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) plays a central role in T-cell activation by nucleating signaling complexes that are critical for the propagation of T-cell signals from the plasma membrane to the cellular interior. The role of phosphorylation and palmitoylation in LAT function has been well studied, but not much is known about other strategies by which the cell modulates LAT activity. We have focused on LAT ubiquitylation and have mapped the sites on which LAT is ubiquitylated. To elucidate the biological role of this process, we substituted LAT lysines with arginines. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in overall LAT ubiquitylation. Ubiquitylation-resistant mutants of LAT were internalized at rates comparable to wild-type LAT in a mechanism that required Cbl family proteins. However, these mutants displayed a defect in protein turnover rates. T-cell signaling was elevated in cells reconstituted with LAT mutants resistant to ubiquitylation, indicating that inhibition of LAT ubiquitylation enhances T-cell potency. These results support LAT ubiquitylation as a molecular checkpoint for attenuation of T-cell signaling.
Features of Traffic Congestion caused by bad Weather Conditions or Accident (2007)

Spatiotemporal features and physics of vehicular traffic congestion occurring due to heavy freeway bottlenecks caused by bad weather conditions or accidents are found based on simulations in the framework of three-phase traffic theory. A model of a heavy bottleneck is presented. Under a continuous non-limited increase in bottleneck strength, i.e., when the average flow rate within a congested pattern allowed by the heavy bottleneck decreases continuously up to zero, the evolution of the traffic phases in congested traffic, synchronized flow and wide moving jams, is studied.
Aberrant RNA Splicing in Cancer and Drug Resistance (2018)

More than 95% of the 20,000 to 25,000 transcribed human genes undergo alternative RNA splicing, which increases the diversity of the proteome. Isoforms derived from the same gene can have distinct and, in some cases, opposing functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant RNA splicing is a common and driving event in cancer development and progression. Moreover, aberrant splicing events conferring drug/therapy resistance in cancer is far more common than previously envisioned. In this review, aberrant splicing events in cancer-associated genes, namely <i>BCL2L1</i>, <i>FAS</i>, <i>HRAS</i>, <i>CD44</i>, <i>Cyclin D1</i>, <i>CASP2</i>, <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i>, <i>FGFR2</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, <i>AR</i> and <i>KLF6</i>, will be discussed. Also highlighted are the functional consequences of aberrant splice variants (<i>BCR-Abl35INS</i>, <i>BIM-γ</i>, <i>IK6</i>, <i>p61 BRAF V600E</i>, <i>CD19-∆2</i>, <i>AR-V7</i> and <i>PIK3CD-S</i>) in promoting resistance to cancer targeted therapy or immunotherapy. To overcome drug resistance, we discuss opportunities for developing novel strategies to specifically target the aberrant splice variants or splicing machinery that generates the splice variants. Therapeutic approaches include the development of splice variant-specific siRNAs, splice switching antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors targeting splicing factors, splicing factor kinases or the aberrant oncogenic protein isoforms.
Design of oversampled DFT modulated filter banks optimized for acoustic echo cancellation (2009)

This paper describes a method for designing oversampled DFT filter banks (FB) optimized for subband acoustic echo cancellation (AEC). For this application, the design requirements typically are good echo cancellation quality, low delay, small reconstruction error, and low computation complexity. Our method explicitly includes a model for echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) as part of the optimization criteria. Convergence of the high-dimensional, nonlinear optimization problem is facilitated by decorrelating the prototype filter impulse response via a discreet cosine transform (DCT), discarding many insignificant coefficients and thus reducing the dimensionality of the search. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design and the effects on the performance of AEC, with ELRE improvements on the order of 3 dB or better. The method is flexible and could also be extended to other application domains.
A NOVEL REHABILITATION GLOVE WITH EMBEDDED ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES ENABLING SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC AND FUNCTIONAL OPTIONS (2005)

Introduction and Aims: Following injuries leading to loss of hand function, rehabilitative exercises are often critical for recovery. This project utilises artificial muscles to create a glove that can provide specific rehabilitation options to the hand, as well as provide grasp and release functions to those unable to move their hand. Method: Artificial muscles are composed of electrically activated polymers or shape memory alloys (SMA) that shorten under current, in a way similar to muscles. In this project, three glove prototypes were developed and tested initially with SMA Nitinol wires. Each wire was placed such that its activation caused a movement of an individual joint in a hand model. Wire activation was controlled by a pocket PC, thereby enabling portability. Artificial proprioception was provided for the joints, using force/position transducers. A software interface in the controller was used to program desired passive movement. Results: Each joint could be independently moved to a desired angle. The force and position transducers were tested against calibrated inputs and were found to be reliable. These were used as feedback for the control of motion and force. The control software allowed the therapist to program desired force, speed and range of motion for each of the 15 finger/thumb joints in the hand model. As such, continuous passive joint movements can be administered by the glove for hours at a time through a portable glove and controller device. Another experiment verified the ability of this unique rehabilitation glove to provide a light hand grasp with controllable holding force. This function can be triggered using an external switch such as a shoulder stick. Other functions implemented include the provision of dynamic splinting to the finger joints using the system software and the ability to log the performance of the hand through time. The latter function would be valuable for monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy, as well as for continuously adjusting the exercises to increase performance. Conclusion: The individual tailoring of therapeutic programs for the hand joints will create a safer and more effective therapy than current devices available on the market. As well as being portable, the provision of hand grasp and release with the glove provides an additional functional benefit for those with paralysed hands.
Performance study of microfluidic devices for blood plasma separation—a designer’s perspective (2015)

In this work, design and experiments on various blood plasma microdevices based on hydrodynamic flow separation techniques is carried out. We study their performance as a function of dependent governing parameters such as flow rate, feed hematocrit, and microchannel geometry. This work focuses on understanding separation phenomena in simple geometries; subsequently, individual simple geometrical parameters and biophysical effects are combined to fabricate hybridized designs, resulting in higher separation efficiencies. The distinctive features of our microfluidic devices are that they employ elevated dimensions (of the order of hundreds of microns), and thereby can be operated continuously over sufficient duration without clogging, while simplicity of fabrication makes them cost effective. The microdevices have been experimentally demonstrated over the entire range of hematocrit (i.e. from Hct 7% to Hct 45%). A high separation efficiency of about (78.34 +/- 2.7)% with pure blood is achieved in our best hybrid design. We believe that the theory and experimental results presented in this study will aid designers and researchers working in the field of blood plasma separation microdevices.
Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Pressure Measurement Enabling Early Detection and Classification of Venous Congestion (2021)

Capillary blood pressure (CBP) is the primary driving force for fluid exchange across microvessels. Subclinical systemic venous congestion prior to overt peripheral edema can directly result in elevated peripheral CBP. Therefore, CBP measurements can enable timely edema control in a variety of clinical cases including venous insufficiency, heart failure and so on. However, currently CBP measurements can be only done invasively and with a complicated experimental setup. In this work, we proposed an opto-mechanical system to achieve non-invasive and automatic CBP measurements through modifying the widely implemented oscillometric technique in home-use arterial blood pressure monitors. The proposed CBP system is featured with a blue light photoplethysmography sensor embedded in finger/toe cuffs to probe skin capillary pulsations. The experimental results demonstrated the proposed CBP system can track local CBP changes induced by different levels of venous congestion. Leveraging the decision tree technique, we demonstrate the use of a multi-site CBP measurement at fingertips and toes to classify four categories of subjects (total N = 40) including patients with peripheral arterial disease, varicose veins and heart failure. Our work demonstrates the promising non-invasive CBP measurement as well as its great potential in realizing point-of-care systems for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
ICP4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus, shares features common to GTP-binding proteins and is adenylated and guanylated (1991)

Infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), the product of the alpha 4 gene, regulates herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 gene expression at the transcriptional level both positively and negatively. Previous studies have shown that ICP4 is extensively modified posttranslationally. We report that ICP4 was labeled in isolated nuclei of infected cells by [alpha-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]ATP. The labeling of ICP4 by [alpha-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]ATP required excess GTP, ATP, GDP, and ADP and occurred also in the presence of excess GTP(gamma)S. While GDP and ADP activated the labeling process, only GTP and ATP labeled ICP4. Accumulation of labeled ICP4 was favored at temperatures from 15 to 27 degrees C and in the presence of okadaic acid. The conditions for labeling ICP4 with [alpha-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]ATP and the stability of the labeled protein were different from those of ICP4 labeled with [gamma-32P]ATP. Labeling studies with tritiated ATP and GTP showed that ICP4 is nucleotidylated, and chemical degradation of ICP4 labeled with [alpha-32P]GTP yielded ribose-5-phosphate. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the adenylation and guanylation are independent processes. These results, and the observation that ICP4 contains four regions which possess consensus GTP-binding elements, suggest that ICP4 may belong to a class of GTP-binding proteins which function in transcriptional transactivation.
<title>Versatile page numbering analysis</title> (2007)

In this paper, we revisit the problem of detecting the page numbers of a document. This work is motivated by a need for a generic method which applies on a large variety of documents, as well as the need for analyzing the document page numbering scheme rather than spotting one number per page. We propose here a novel method, based on the notion of sequence, which goes beyond any previous described work, and we report on an extensive evaluation of its performance.
The feasibility conditions of interference alignment for MIMO interference networks (2012)

Attributed by its breakthrough performance in interference networks, interference alignment (IA) has attracted great attention in the last few years. However, despite the tremendous works dedicated to IA, the feasibility conditions of IA processing remains unclear for most network typologies. The IA feasibility analysis is challenging as the IA constraints are sets of high-degree polynomials, for which no systematic tool to analyze the solvability conditions exists. In this work, by developing a new mathematical framework that maps the solvability of sets of polynomial equations to the linear independence of their first order terms, we propose a sufficient condition that applies to K-pairs MIMO interference networks with general typologies. We have further proved that the sufficient condition aligns with the necessary conditions under some special configurations.
Cell‐Free Protein Synthesis System Prepared from Insect Cells by Freeze‐Thawing (2006)

We established a novel cell-free protein synthesis system derived from Trichoplusia ni (HighFive) insect cells by a simple extraction method. Luciferase and beta-galactosidase were synthesized in this system with active forms. We analyzed and optimized (1) the preparation method of the insect cell extract, (2) the concentration of the reaction components, and (3) the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of mRNA. The extract was prepared by freeze-thawing insect cells suspended in the extraction buffer. This preparation method was a simple and superior method compared with the conventional method using a Dounce homogenizer. Furthermore, protein synthesis efficiency was improved by the addition of 20% (v/v) glycerol to the extraction buffer. Concentrations of the reaction components were optimized to increase protein synthesis efficiency. Moreover, mRNAs containing 5'-UTRs derived from baculovirus polyhedrin genes showed high protein synthesis activity. Especially, the leader composition of the Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus polyhedrin gene showed the highest enhancement activity among the six 5'-UTRs tested. As a result, in a batch reaction approximately 71 microg of luciferase was synthesized per milliliter of reaction volume at 25 degrees C for 6 h. Moreover, this method for the establishment of a cell-free system was applied also to Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells. After optimizing the concentrations of the reaction components and the 5'-UTR of mRNA, approximately 45 microg/mL of luciferase was synthesized in an Sf21 cell-free system at 25 degrees C for 3 h. These productivities were sufficient to perform gene expression analyses. Thus, these cell-free systems may be a useful tool for simple synthesis in post-genomic studies as a novel protein production method.
All-optical three-dimensional electron pulse compression (2014)

We propose an all-optical, three-dimensional electron pulse compression scheme in which Hermite-Gaussian optical modes are used to fashion a three-dimensional optical trap in the electron pulse's rest frame. We show that the correct choices of optical incidence angles are necessary for optimal compression. We obtain analytical expressions for the net impulse imparted by Hermite-Gaussian free-space modes of arbitrary order. Although we focus on electrons, our theory applies to any charged particle and any particle with non-zero polarizability in the Rayleigh regime. We verify our theory numerically using exact solutions to Maxwell's equations for first-order Hermite-Gaussian beams, demonstrating single-electron pulse compression factors of $>10^{2}$ in both longitudinal and transverse dimensions with experimentally realizable optical pulses. The proposed scheme is useful in ultrafast electron imaging for both single- and multi-electron pulse compression, and as a means of circumventing temporal distortions in magnetic lenses when focusing ultrashort electron pulses.
High-Resolution Physical Mapping in <i>Pennisetum squamulatum</i> Reveals Extensive Chromosomal Heteromorphism of the Genomic Region Associated with Apomixis (2004)

Gametophytic apomixis is asexual reproduction as a consequence of parthenogenetic development of a chromosomally unreduced egg. The trait leads to the production of embryos with a maternal genotype, i.e. progeny are clones of the maternal plant. The application of the trait in agriculture could be a tremendous tool for crop improvement through conventional and nonconventional breeding methods. Unfortunately, there are no major crops that reproduce by apomixis, and interspecific hybridization with wild relatives has not yet resulted in commercially viable germplasm. Pennisetum squamulatum is an aposporous apomict from which the gene(s) for apomixis has been transferred to sexual pearl millet by backcrossing. Twelve molecular markers that are linked with apomixis coexist in a tight linkage block called the apospory-specific genomic region (ASGR), and several of these markers have been shown to be hemizygous in the polyploid genome of P. squamulatum. High resolution genetic mapping of these markers has not been possible because of low recombination in this region of the genome. We now show the physical arrangement of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing apomixis-linked molecular markers by high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization on pachytene chromosomes. The size of the ASGR, currently defined as the entire hemizygous region that hybridizes with apomixis-linked bacterial artificial chromosomes, was estimated on pachytene and mitotic chromosomes to be approximately 50 Mbp (a quarter of the chromosome). The ASGR includes highly repetitive sequences from an Opie-2-like retrotransposon family that are particularly abundant in this region of the genome.