gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preference elicitation in combinatorial auctions (2001)

Combinatorial auctions (CAs) where bidders can bid on bundles of items can be very desirable market mechanisms when the items sold exhibit complementarity and/or substitutability, so the bidder's valuations for bundles are not additive. However, in a basic CA, the bidders may need to bid on exponentially many bundles, leading to difficulties in determining those valuations, undesirable information revelation, and unnecessary communication. In this paper we present a design of an auctioneer agent that uses topological structure inherent in the problem to reduce the amount of information that it needs from the bidders. An analysis tool is presented as well as data structures for storing and optimally assimilating the information received from the bidders. Using this information, the agent then narrows down the set of desirable (welfare-maximizing or Pareto-efficient) allocations, and decides which questions to ask next. Several algorithms are presented that ask the bidders for value, order, and rank information. A method is presented for making the elicitor incentive compatible.
The coordinated operation of dual batteries energy storage system for cold areas (2021)

Utilizing energy storage systems have been considered as a feasible pathway to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the common battery type for energy storage systems is the cheap lithium iron phosphate battery, which has low output efficiency and is almost impossible to charge in cold areas. Lithium titanate battery has high output efficiency and charge efficiency in cold areas. Meanwhile, the price of a lithium titanate battery is three times that of a lithium iron phosphate battery with the same capacity. To achieves the complementary advantages of lithium iron phosphate battery and lithium titanate battery, this paper proposes the dual battery framework of energy storage systems. Based on this, the operation model of energy storage systems is formulated. Besides, five cases are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the results show that the dual battery framework has high output efficiency with a cheaper cost than lithium titanate battery.
Uncovering the Landscape of Fraud and Spam in the Telephony Channel (2016)

Robocalling, voice phishing, and caller ID spoofing are common cybercrime techniques used to launch scam campaigns through the telephony channel, which unsuspecting users have long trusted. More reliable than online complaints, a telephony honeypot provides complete, accurate and timely information about unwanted phone calls across the United States. Our first goal is to provide a large-scale data-driven analysis of the telephony spam and fraud ecosystem. Our second goal is to uniquely identify bad actors potentially operating several phone numbers. We collected about 40,000 unsolicited calls. Our results show that only a few bad actors, robocallers or telemarketers, are responsible for the majority of the spam and scam calls, and that they can be uniquely identified based on audio features from their calls. This discovery has major implications for law enforcement and businesses that are presently engaged in combatting the rise of telephony fraud. In particular, since our system allows endusers to detect fraudulent behavior and tie it back to existing fraud and spam campaigns, it can be used as the first step towards designing and deploying intelligent defense strategies.
Fast solution of linear and Quadratic Programs with an analog circuit (2014)

We present the design of an analog circuit which solves linear programming (LP) or Quadratic Programming (QP) problems. In particular, the steady-state circuit voltages are the components of the LP (QP) optimal solution. The proposed method is used to implement a LP-based Model Predictive Controller by using an analog circuit. VLSI design of an LP problem demonstrates nanosecond range solution latency. Simulative and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Electro-optically switched compact coupled photonic crystal waveguide directional coupler (2010)

In this paper, we present a compact photonic crystal directional coupler in a silicon on insulator platform electro-optically switched at 150 kHz with a switching time of 620 ns under a low voltage operation of 2.9 V. The switch design utilizes a coupled photonic crystal structure designed to operate in the slow light regime. Switching is attained by modulating the coupling coefficient of the coupled photonic crystal waveguide system by using a p-i-n diode to modulate the carrier concentration with a density of ∼104 A/cm2 across the plane of the photonic crystal.
Monolithic ultrasonic integrated circuits based on micromachined semi-ellipsoidal piezoelectric domes (2013)

We have developed high performance acoustic chips containing arrays of three-dimensional micromachined semi-ellipsoidal piezoelectric domes. The eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of the semi-ellipsoidal resonators are determined by the semi-principal axis lengths and also the acoustic loading by other resonators. By overlapping several modes of vibration, while considering the complex acoustic interaction between elements, highly efficient operation and an ultra wide-bandwidth frequency (up to 165%) response have been achieved from devices comprising multiple resonators. Customizable performance capabilities and high sensitivity (up to 300 W/cm2) at low-operating voltage (10 V amplitude) suitable for both therapeutic and imaging applications are demonstrated.
Hypophysectomy-induced regression of female rat lacrimal glands: partial restoration and maintenance by dihydrotestosterone and prolactin. (1995)

These findings suggest that DHT and PRL exert general trophic actions on the lacrimal gland and specifically on lacrimal Na+,K(+)-ATPase, acid phosphatase, and neurotransmitter receptors. They also suggest that excessive levels of either hormone may be deleterious to secretory function. Because sex hormone levels are prone to wide fluctuations in women, our results also suggest a plausible hypothesis to account for the greater incidence in women of lacrimal insufficiency.
Molecular Characterization of Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from India (2011)

Multilocus sequence typing of seven isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from India showed considerable diversity, with six different sequence types. Possible dissemination of melioidosis by historical trading routes is supported by links to strains from Southeast Asia, China, and Africa and the presence of the Burkholderia mallei allele of the bimA gene.
Charge transfer reaction laser with preionization means. [Patent application] (1976)

A helium-nitrogen laser is described in which energy in the visible range is emitted as a result of charge transfer reaction between helium ions and nitrogen molecules. The helium and nitrogen are present in a gas mixture at several atmospheres pressure, with a nitrogen partial pressure on the order of less than one percent. Prior to applying a discharge pulse to the gas mixture at the high pressure by means of a pair of main discharge electrodes, the gas mixture is preionized to prevent arcing when the discharge pulse is applied.
Drug delivery applications for superporous hydrogels (2011)

Modern SPHs have high swelling and high mechanical strength making them suitable for many diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, demonstrative preclinical animal studies still need to be confirmed in human trials, to further address safety issues and confirm therapeutic success when using SPHs as platforms for drug delivery. The focus of forthcoming applications of SPHs is likely to be in the area of oral site-specific delivery and regenerative medicine.
Integrated Hierarchical Durability Design Tool for Electronic Packaging (2007)

Durability and reliability of solder joint interconnections between electronic parts and printed wiring assemblies (PWA) in a vibration environment is increasingly important since the introduction of lead-free solder, which is known to be an order of magnitude more susceptible to fatigue failure than its tin-lead counterpart. In this paper, an integrated hierarchical durability design tool is introduced to analyze the Line Replaceable Units (LRU) as a whole under a vibration environment. The results will be used for solder joint fatigue analysis. This paper describes the automation of box-, board-, and part-level analyses. The box-level analysis combines PWA’s and the mounting chassis in an automated fashion. The construction of PWA’s is also through this automated tool. NIKE3D-based acoustic analysis tool is conducted on the assembled model for vibration analysis. The results are exported to the automated part-level analysis for final solder joint fatigue analysis and to subsequent visualization display. This paper illustrates this detailed processes and presents a simple example will be presented.
SurroundWeb: Least Privilege for Immersive "Web Rooms" (2014)

We introduce SurroundWeb, the ﬁrst least-privilege platform for immersive room experiences. SurroundWeb is a “3D Browser” that gives web pages the ability to display across multiple surfaces in a room, adapt their appearance to objects present in that room, and interact using natural user input. SurroundWeb enables least privilege for these immersive web pages by introducing two new abstractions: ﬁrst, a Room Skeleton that enables least privilege for room rendering, unlike previous approaches that focus on inputs alone. Second, a Detection Sandbox that allows web pages to register content to show if an object is detected, but prevents the web server from knowing if the object is present. SurroundWeb provides three privacy properties: detection privacy, rendering privacy, and interaction privacy while simultaneously enabling Web pages to use object recognition and room display capabilities. Surveys show the information revealed by SurroundWeb is acceptable. SurroundWeb is practical: After a one-time setup procedure that scans a room for projectable surfaces in about a minute, our prototype can render immersive multi-display web rooms at greater than 30 frames per second with up to 25 screens and up to a 1440×720 display. We demonstrate a range of previously proposed and novel experiences can be implemented in a least-privilege way using SurroundWeb.
Exploring the effects of on-chip thermal variation on high-performance multicore architectures (2011)

Inherent temperature variation among cores in a multicore architecture can be caused by a number of factors including process variation, cooling and packaging imperfections, and even placement of the chip in the module. Current dynamic thermal management techniques assume identical heating profiles for homogeneous multicore architectures. Our experimental results indicate that inherent thermal variation is very common in existing multicores. While most multicore chips accommodate multiple thermal sensors, the dynamic power/thermal management schemes are oblivious of the inherent heating tendencies. Hence, in the case of variation, the chip faces repetitive hotspots running on such cores. In this article, we propose a technique that leverages the on-chip sensor infrastructure as well as the capabilities of power/thermal management to effectively reduce the heating and minimize local hotspots. This technique can be used in existing multicore chips as long as the thermal sensor data can be made transparent to the power/thermal management at the software layer. According to our experimental analysis on test-chips, 5°C peak temperature reduction can be achieved with no performance degradation, hence the inherent energy efficiency of the chip can be improved without any performance or cost penalty.
Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharide-Producing Bacteria from Kefir Grains (1990)

Five polysaccharide-producing bacteria. which grew actively in a newly developed whey media, were isolated from kefir grains. About 300 to 400 mg of polysaccharide/L of broth were produced with 65 to 85% excreted into the medium. The polysaccharide had equal amounts of glucose and galactose and two, main activity peaks with molecular weights of 1.0 x 1()6 to 4.0 x 1()6.
Deep Genomic Signature for early metastasis prediction in prostate cancer (2018)

Abstract For prostate cancer patients, timing and intensity of therapy are adjusted based on their prognosis. Clinical and pathological factors, and recently, gene expression-based signatures have been shown to predict metastatic prostate cancer. Previous studies used labelled datasets, i.e. those with information on the metastasis outcome, to discover gene signatures to predict metastasis. Due to steady progression of prostate cancer, datasets for this cancer have a limited number of labelled samples but more unlabelled samples. In addition to this issue, the high dimensionality of the gene expression data also poses a significant challenge to train a classifier and predict metastasis accurately. In this study, we aim to boost the prediction accuracy by utilizing both labelled and unlabelled datasets together. We propose Deep Genomic Signature (DGS), a method based on Denoising Auto-Encoders (DAEs) and transfer learning. DGS has the following steps: first, we train a DAE on a large unlabelled gene expression dataset to extract the most salient features of its samples. Then, we train another DAE on a small labelled dataset for a similar purpose. Since the labelled dataset is small, we employ a transfer learning approach and use the parameters learned from the first DAE in the second one. This approach enables us to train a large DAE on a small dataset. After training the second DAE, we obtain the list of genes with high weights by applying a standard deviation filter on the transferred and learned weights. Finally, we train an elastic net logistic regression model on the expression of the selected genes to predict metastasis. Because of the elastic net regularization, some of the selected genes have non-zero coefficients in the classifier which we consider as the DGS gene signature for metastasis. We apply DGS to six labelled and one large unlabelled prostate cancer datasets. Results on five validation datasets indicate that DGS outperforms state-of-the-art gene signatures (obtained from only labelled datasets) in terms of prediction accuracy. Survival analyses demonstrate the potential clinical utility of our gene signature that adds novel prognostic information to the well-established clinical factors and the state-of-the-art gene signatures. Finally, pathway analysis reveals that the DGS gene signature captures the hallmarks of prostate cancer metastasis. These results suggest that our method helps to identify a robust gene signature that may improve patient management.
<title>Noninvasive fluorescence-based instrumentation for cancer and precancer detection and screening</title> (2000)

In this paper, we review our research in the use of UV and visible native fluorescence emission and excitation spectroscopy for the detection of cancer and precancer. We discuss some of the spectroscopic signatures indicative of the presence of cancer and precancer. We describe three generations of instruments being developed to extent optical biopsy technology into the clinical environment as both a screening tool and as a diagnostic aide suitable for gynecological, gastro-intestinal tract, oral cavity, brain and breast.
Active-Set based Inexact Interior Point QP Solver for Model Predictive Control (2020)

Interior point methods are applicable to a large class of problems and can be very reliable for convex optimization, even without a good initial guess for the optimal solution. Active-set methods, on the other hand, are often restricted to linear or quadratic programming but they have a lower computational cost per iteration and superior warm starting properties. The present paper proposes an approach for improving the numerical conditioning and warm starting properties of interior point methods, based on an active-set identification strategy and inexact Newton-type optimization techniques. In addition, we show how this reduces the average computational cost of the linear algebra operations in each interior point iteration. We developed an efficient C code implementation of the active-set based interior point method (ASIPM) and show that it can be competitive with state of the art solvers for a standard case study of model predictive control stabilizing an inverted pendulum on a cart.
On the Design of 3D Steerable Beamformers With Uniform Concentric Circular Microphone Arrays (2021)

Circular microphone arrays (CMAs) and concentric CMAs (CCMAs) have been used in a wide range of applications such as smartspeakers and teleconferencing systems because of their flexible steering ability. Although many efforts have been devoted to beamforming with CCMAs, most existing methods consider only the 2-dimensional (2D) case and assume that the sound sources of interest are in the same plane as the sensor array (generally the horizontal plane), which often does not hold true in practical applications. This paper deals with the problem of beamforming with uniform CCMAs (UCCMAs) in the 3-dimensional (3D) space to control the steering of the spatial response and meanwhile form frequency-invariant beampatterns for processing broadband acoustic and speech signals. The major contributions of this work are summarized as follows: 1) it presents an analysis based on the spherical harmonics decomposition about the Nth-order optimal and steerable directivity patterns; 2) a beamforming method is developed in which the beamformer's coefficients are identified by solving a linear system of equations formed by approximating the Nth-order optimal target beampattern with the beamformer's beampattern while the resulting beampattern can be steered flexibly in the 3D space; 3) the sufficient and necessary condition on the array geometry and sensors' placement are given to ensure that the beamformer exists and is unique; and 4) the analytical forms of the directivity factor (DF) and white noise gain (WNG) of the resulting beamformer is given and discussion is presented on what conditions irregularities (deep nulls) in WNG and DF may occur. Simulations are provided to illustrate the property of the developed beamforming methods.
Scalable similarity estimation in social networks (2013)

Similarity estimation between nodes based on structural properties of graphs is a basic building block used in the analysis of massive networks for diverse purposes such as link prediction, product recommendations, advertisement, collaborative filtering, and community discovery. While local similarity measures, based on properties of immediate neighbors, are easy to compute, those relying on global properties have better recall. Unfortunately, this better quality comes with a computational price tag. Aiming for both accuracy and scalability, we make several contributions. First, we define closeness similarity, a natural measure that compares two nodes based on the similarity of their relations to all other nodes. Second, we show how the all-distances sketch (ADS) node labels, which are efficient to compute, can support the estimation of closeness similarity and shortest-path (SP) distances in logarithmic query time. Third, we propose the randomized edge lengths (REL) technique and define the corresponding REL distance, which captures both path length and path multiplicity and therefore improves over the SP distance as a similarity measure. The REL distance can also be the basis of closeness similarity and can be estimated using SP computation or the ADS labels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our measures and the accuracy of our estimates through experiments on social networks with up to tens of millions of nodes.
Measurements of Sediment Erosion and Transport with the Adjustable Shear Stress Erosion and Transport Flume (2003)

Soil and sediments play an important role in water management and water quality. Issues such as water turbidity, associated contaminants, reservoir sedimentation, undesirable erosion and scour, and aquatic habitat are all linked to sediment properties and behaviors. In situ analysis is necessary to develop an understanding of the erosion and transport of sediments. Sandia National Laboratories has recently patented the Adjustable Shear Stress Erosion and Transport (ASSET) Flume that quantifies in situ erosion of a sediment core with depth while affording simultaneous examination of transport modes (bedload versus suspended load) of the eroded material. Core erosion rates and ratios of bedload to suspended load transport of quartz sediments were studied with the ASSET Flume. The erosion and transport of a fine-grained natural cohesive sediment were also observed. Experiments using quartz sands revealed that the ratio of suspended load to bedload sediment transport is a function of grain diameter and shear stress at the sediment surface. Data collected from the ASSET Flume were used to formulate a novel empirical relation for predicting the ratio of bedload to suspended load as a function of shear stress and grain diameter for noncohesive sediments.
Ranking Entity Facets Based on User Click Feedback (2010)

The research described in this paper forms the backbone of a service that enables the faceted search experience of the Yahoo! search engine. We introduce an approach for a machine learned ranking of entity facets based on user click feedback and features extracted from three different ranking sources. The objective of the learned model is to predict the click-through rate on an entity facet. In an empirical evaluation we compare the performance of gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) against a linear combination of features on two different click feedback models using the raw click-through rate (CTR), and click over expected clicks (COEC). The results show a significant improvement in retrieval performance, in terms of discounted cumulated gain, when ranking entity facets with GBDT trained on the COEC model. Most notably this is true when evaluated against the CTR test set.
Glycerolysis of fats and methyl esters (1997)

Abstract The glycerolysis of methyl esters and triglycerides with crude glycerol, a coproduct from the transesterification of triglycerides, was studied. Three procedures were followed for this conversion. The first procedure was a one‐step glycerolysis with methyl esters. The second procedure was a two‐step process. This procedure involved an initial partial glycerolysis with methyl esters, followed by fat glycerolysis. The third procedure was a simultaneous glycerolysis with methyl esters and triglycerides. In the glycerolysis with methyl esters, the removal of methanol is vital to the production of mono‐ and diglycerides. Methanol was removed either by drawing vacuum on the reactor or by stripping methanol out by means of an inert carrier gas (nitrogen). Different molar ratios of methyl esters to glycerol were tested in the first two processes. At low concentration of methyl esters, total conversion of methyl esters to mono‐ and diglycerides was achieved. As the concentration of methyl esters was increased, the conversion of methyl esters to mono‐ and diglycerides was decreased. Furthermore, the ratio of mono‐ to diglycerides was also higher at lower concentrations of methyl esters. The conversion of triglycerides in the two‐step process with crude glycerol was similar to a one‐step fat glycerolysis with pure glycerol. The composition of different components and the ratio of mono‐ to diglycerides were also comparable.