gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of New Methylene Blue to Endotoxins and Its Effects on the Endotoxin Activity Studied By Double Diffusion and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assays (1989)

New methylene blue was found to bind to smooth and rough forms of endotoxins and their components lipid A and lipid X in agarose double diffusion experiments. It also bound to dextran sulfate, heparin, transfer RNA, succinylated bovine serum albumin, trypsin, pepsin and casein, but not bovine serum albumin. Charge-charge interactions between the dye and these molecules to the formation of dye-endotoxin complex. Binding of the dye to endotoxin was found to block the endotoxin function in both gelation and chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assays. The potency of the dye in such inhibition was comparable to that of polymyxin B.
Highly Selective Dry Etching of Germanium over Germanium–Tin (Ge<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub><i>x</i></sub>): A Novel Route for Ge<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanostructure Fabrication (2013)

We present a new etch chemistry that enables highly selective dry etching of germanium over its alloy with tin (Ge(1-x)Sn(x)). We address the challenges in synthesis of high-quality, defect-free Ge(1-x)Sn(x) thin films by using Ge virtual substrates as a template for Ge(1-x)Sn(x) epitaxy. The etch process is applied to selectively remove the stress-inducing Ge virtual substrate and achieve strain-free, direct band gap Ge0.92Sn0.08. The semiconductor processing technology presented in this work provides a robust method for fabrication of innovative Ge(1-x)Sn(x) nanostructures whose realization can prove to be challenging, if not impossible, otherwise.
Holographic Storage without Holography: Optical Data Storage by Localized Alteration of a Format Hologram (2005)

We propose and demonstrate multi-layer storage in holographic photopolymer by locally altering the reflectivity of a factory-written reflection hologram at the focus of a single objective lens. Linear, two-photon and thermal writing mechanisms are demonstrated.
Réponse individuelle aux radiations ionisantes : quel(s) test(s) prédictif(s) choisir ? (2011)

Individual response to ionizing radiation is an important information required to apply an efficient radiotherapy treatment against tumour and to avoid any adverse effects in normal tissues. In 1981, Fertil and Malaise have demonstrated that the post-irradiation local tumor control determined in vivo is correlated with clonogenic cell survival assessed in vitro. Furthermore, these authors have reminded the relevance of the concept of intrinsic radiosensitivity that is specific to each individual organ (Fertil and Malaise, 1981) [1]. To date, since clonogenicity assays are too time-consuming and do not provide any other molecular information, a plethora of research groups have attempted to determine the molecular bases of intrinsic radiosensitivity in order to propose reliable and faster predictive assays. To this aim, several approaches have been developed. Notably, the recent revolution in genomic and proteomic technologies is providing a considerable number of data but their link with radiosensitivity still remains to be elucidated. On another hand, the systematic screening of some candidate genes potentially involved in the radiation response is highlighting the complexity of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of DNA damage sensoring and signalling and shows that an abnormal radiation response is not necessarily due to the impairment of one single protein. Finally, more modest approaches consisting in focusing some specific functions of DNA repair seem to provide more reliable clues to predict over-acute reactions caused by radiotherapy. In this review, we endeavoured to analyse the contributions of these major approaches to predict human radiosensitivity.
The Design, Syntheses, and Application of Group 13 Molecular and Polymeric Precursors to Advanced Ceramics (2002)

New decaborane-based single-source molecular and polymeric precursors to boron carbide have been developed that enable the formation of boron carbide and boron-carbide/silicon-carbide composites in processed forms, including nanostructured materials.
Genetic Variation in CYP2A6-Mediated Nicotine Metabolism Alters Smoking Behavior (2002)

Approximately 50% of the initiation of tobacco dependence is genetically influenced, whereas maintenance of dependent smoking behavior and amount smoked have approximately 70% genetic contribution (1-5). Determining the variation in nicotine's inactivation is important because of nicotine's role in producing tobacco dependence and regulating smoking patterns (6-11). The genetically polymorphic CYP2A6 enzyme is responsible for the majority of the metabolic inactivation of nicotine to cotinine (12-14). Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated considerable interindividual variation in CYP2A6 activity (15-17). CYP2A6 is genetically polymorphic, individuals carrying inactive CYP2A6 alleles have decreased nicotine metabolism, are less likely to become smokers and if they do, they smoke fewer cigarettes per day (13,18,19). The decrease in smoking behavior was confirmed by measuring carbon monoxide (CO, a measure of smoke inhalation) levels, plasma and urine nicotine and cotinine levels, and cigarette counts (13,18,19). A duplication variant in the CYP2A6 gene locus has been identified which increases nicotine inactivation and increases smoking (19). CYP2A6 can also activate tobacco smoke procarcinogens (e.g. NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone); current studies are investigating the role of CYP2A6 in risk for lung cancer. Based on these epidemiologic data it was postulated that inhibition of CYP2A6 activity might be useful in a therapeutic context. Kinetic studies in humans indicated that selective CYP2A6 inhibitors decrease the metabolic removal of nicotine. It was also shown that inhibiting CYP2A6 in vivo (phenocopying, or mimicking the genetic defect) in smokers results in decreased smoking, making nicotine orally bioavailable, and the rerouting of procarcinogens to detoxifying pathways (20-22).
Semiochemical (Patent WO 2001/041568 A2) (2001)

cis-Jasmone has been discovered to be useful as a semiochemical that changes the behaviour of insects and/or the physiology of plants. It has direct signalling roles with plant-feeding aphids, in attraction of aphid predators and parasitoids, and may act as an airborne signal inducing production of volatile plant semiochemicals, including the monoterpene (E)- beta -ocimene, that stimulate foraging by parasitoids. It is an extremely benign compound having, to human beings, a pleasant aroma and gives a long-lasting effect after removal of the stimulus.
Optical Properties of Mesoscopic Systems of Coupled Microspheres (2007)

Two mechanisms of optical coupling between spherical cavities, tight-binding be- tween their whispering gallery modes and focusing produced by periodically coupled microlenses, are directly observed using spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy and imaging. The results can be used for developing device concepts of lasers, optical fllters, microspectrometers and sen- sors based on mesoscopic systems of coupled microspheres. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060908001922 In this paper we consider structures formed by coupled spherical cavities which can be regarded as mesoscopic systems due to the fact that the size of their building blocks (spheres) is comparable to the characteristic wavelength. In contrast to metamaterials or photonic crystals conceptualized through the process of homogenization, the optical phenomena in such mesoscopic systems are essentially based on the properties of the constituting cavities. These include their ultra high quality whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances (1) and their ability to focus plane waves into \nanoscale photonic jets (2) at the shadow-side. These properties lead to two difierent mechanisms of optical transport between the cavities: (i) tight-binding between WGMs, (ii) propagation in a series of periodically coupled microlenses. These mechanisms are directly studied in the present work. 1. TIGHT-BINDING BETWEEN WGMS Previously we observed WGM-related propagation efiects (3) in one-dimensional (1D) chains of slightly disordered spheres using evanescently coupled dye-doped spherical cavities pumped above the lasing threshold for WGMs. In the present work we integrated spherical cavities into 3D closed packed structures with the thickness varying from one monolayer up to » 50 monolayers. The samples were obtained by self-assembly of spheres (with sizes in 2-10 micron range with standard 3% size dispersion) directed by hydro-dynamic ∞ow in a specially designed cuvette placed in ultrasonic bath. The spheres were dye-doped and locally excited to create a built-in source of whispering gallery modes (WGMs). In the scattering spectra of such samples we observed fringes due to light propagation via coupled WGMs, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The study of pump dependence of scattering spectra indicated that above WGM lasing threshold the emission is provided in localized modes formed by multiple spheres. This is conflrmed by observation of double peak structures, the spectral signature of strong coupling regime between multiple cavities. Although size disorder plays a negative role in the e-ciency of such transport, we show that due to existence of multiple paths for photons the optical transport can be very e-cient. The study of thickness dependence of scattering spectra indicates that attenuation length of light in such 3D samples exceeds 50m. The results show that the optical transport in such systems is provided along particular conflgurations of cavities according to a principle of minimization of the total WGM detuning.
Use of homologous and heterologous gene expression profiling tools to characterize transcription dynamics during apple fruit maturation and ripening (2010)

Our combined strategy based on microarray hybridization enabled transcriptome characterization during normal climacteric apple ripening, as well as definition of ethylene-dependent transcriptome changes. Comparison with tomato fruit maturation and ethylene responsive transcriptome activity facilitated identification of putative conserved orthologous ripening-related genes, which serve as an initial set of candidates for assessing conservation of gene activity across genomes of fruit bearing plant species.
Characterization of a unique borreliacidal epitope on the outer surface protein C of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2006)

The outer surface protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, is an immunoprotective antigen in laboratory models of infection. However, to understand its protective effects, it is important to identify the key epitopes of this protein. We produced a borreliacidal anti-OspC monoclonal antibody specific to the B31 strain and identified its binding site. The specificity of MAb 16.22 was determined by Western blot reactivity using OspC derived from different Borrelia isolates which had varying amino acid sequences. Comparison of the OspC sequences and binding data suggested that MAb 16.22 binds to amino acids 133-147 of the OspC protein. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a 15-amino acid peptide containing the target sequence and, using competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found that this peptide included the epitope of MAb 16.22. In addition, we determined that MAb 16.22 is able to kill of B. burgdorferi in a complement-independent fashion.
Sorbent-coated diffusion denuders for direct measurement of gas/particle partitioning by semi-volatile organic compounds (1998)

Sorbent-coated annular denuder-based samplers have been developed for direct determination of both gaseous and particulate semi-volatile organic species. The first such sampler, the Integrated Organic Vapor/Particle Sampler, has been validated for sampling semi-volatile PAH in ambient air and environmental tobacco smoke. Multi-channel versions of the IOVPS have been used successfully for investigation of gas/particle partitioning of a variety of semi-volatile organic species in combustion source-enriched environmental chambers. Subsequent improvements have resulted in two new higher-capacity samplers, the IOGAPS and the jumbo-IOGAPS, that use the same sorbent for sampling trace organics in the ambient atmosphere for 24--48 hr periods over a wide temperature range. Construction of these new samplers began by incorporating the IOVPS coating technology onto the gas collection surfaces of the higher capacity GAP sampler. Substantial design effort aims to ensure that vapor phase components as volatile as naphthalene can be trapped efficiently and retained by the sorbent-coated surface while the particles pass through to the filter.
New Approach for the Formation and Separation of a Thin Porous Silicon Layer (2000)

A new one-step method is developed for the formation and separation of a thin porous silicon film (PSF) by electrochemical etching of silicon in hydrofluoric (HF) acid based solution. This provides advantages over the existing techniques, which are requiring multiple-steps for fabrication and separation of a thin layer from the substrate. The in-situ change in the fluoride ion concentration results in the formation of a high porosity layer beneath the low porosity layer under the same formation condition, which is confirmed by detailed morphological analysis. In-situ separation of a thin porous silicon film from the substrate is obtained by carrying out an anodization for sufficiently long time. A two-step approach is also proposed which consists of an electrochemical etching followed by an electrochemical polishing step and provides a better control over the separation condition than the one-step approach.
Scheduling and Control of Start-up Process for Time-Constrained Single-Arm Cluster Tools with Parallel Chambers (2018)

In wafer manufacturing, with the shrinking down of wafer lot size, cluster tools are frequently required to switch from handling one lot of wafers to another, resulting in more transient processes, including start-up and close-down processes. In the existing work, optimal scheduling of start-up process for time-constrained single-arm cluster tools has been addressed under the assumption that each processing step consists of just one process chamber. This work relaxes this strict restriction by treating that multiple process chambers could be configured for processing steps. By building Petri net model for the start-up process, a linear program is derived to search a feasible schedule with minimal makespan for time-constrained single-arm cluster tools with parallel chambers for the first time. One industrial example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Synthesis of cyclic carbonates catalysed by aluminium heteroscorpionate complexes (2013)

A trimetallic aluminium complex catalyses the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO<sub>2</sub>at room temperature and pressure.
Integrity Transform Carrying Roll-Over Counter for the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) (2007)

This document defines an integrity transform for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP; see RFC 3711), which allows the roll-over counter (ROC) to be transmitted in SRTP packets as part of the authentication tag.The need for sending the ROC in SRTP packets arises in situations where the receiver joins an ongoing SRTP session and needs to quickly and robustly synchronize.The mechanism also enhances SRTP operation in cases where there is a risk of losing sender-receiver synchronization. Table of ContentsRoll-Over Counter Carrying Transform
A PCR‐RFLP for KIT associated with tobiano spotting pattern in horses (2002)

An MspI polymorphism was identified in intron 13 of the equine homologue of proto-oncogene c-kit (KIT) by comparing DNA sequences from horses with solid coat colour and horses homozygous for the tobiano spotting (To) gene. The allele associated with solid coat colour was designated KM0, while the allele associated with the tobiano pattern created an additional MspI restriction site and was designated KM1. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) studies using DNA from hair follicles demonstrated that all 129 of 129 tobiano patterned horses possessed the KM1 allele. However, three of 104 solid-coloured thoroughbred horses also possessed the KM1 allele. Therefore, while KM1 is strongly associated with the gene for To, the association is not absolute. However, this test appears more efficacious to identify putative homozygotes for To than current biochemical testing methods using albumin (Alb) and vitamin D binding protein (Gc) haplotypes.
Exosomes released by EBV-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells convey the viral Latent Membrane Protein 1 and the immunomodulatory protein galectin 9 (2006)

This study provides the proof of concept that NPC cells can release HLA class-II positive exosomes containing galectin 9 and/or LMP1. It confirms that the LMP1 molecule has intrinsic T-cell inhibitory activity. These findings will encourage investigations of tumor exosomes in the blood of NPC patients and assessment of their effects on various types of target cells.
Transfer reaction and molecular weight distribution in the anionic polymerization of formaldehyde (1980)

Abstract The anhydrous formaldehyde polymerization is examined. The influence of initiator and monomer concentration on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are emphasized. A mechanism for the transfer to the monomer is introduced. This mechanism is confirmed by experimental results and leads to the formation of formyl end groups. The influence of various initiators on the transfer reaction also is evaluated.
Excitation and Fe concentration dependences in the impulse photoconductance of InP:Fe (1984)

We report impulse response measurements on InP:Fe photoconductors excited by laser and electron beam radiation. Measurements are reported on crystals with Fe concentrations from 2×1015 cm−3 to 4×1016 cm−3 and with excited electron-hole-pair densities of ∼1012 cm−3 and 9×1017 cm−3. Measured signal decays are purely exponential in character, and decay times are inversely related to Fe concentration. No long-lived tails are observed. Decay times show no dependence on excitation level for excited carrier concentrations that are well above and well below the Fe concentrations. The magnitude of the photoresponse indicates that electrons and not holes are the primary current carriers. The data suggest that for impulse excitation photoconductance decay in InP:Fe is due to trap-assisted recombination of electrons and holes at the Fe sites, with a rate determined by the species with the slower capture rate.
High expression of tenascin-C extra domains, markers of angiogenesis, in human lung cancer (2007)

191 Background: Tumor-associated extracellular matrix molecules are isoforms of proteins with a wide distribution in normal adult tissues, such as fibronectin and tenascin. Large Tenascin-C isoforms are present in almost all normal adult tissues but are upregulated in fetal, regenerating, and neoplastic tissues. In this study we investigated the expression of three tenascin isoforms in tumor tissue samples from lung cancer patients to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value for clinical applications. Methods: In total, 35 corresponding tissue samples (tumor and normal lung tissue of the same patient) have been analyzed by immunohistochemistry using three different human monoclonal antibodies to domains A1 (F16), C (G11) and D (P12). All tumor specimens have been non-small cell lung cancer types. Results: Three isoforms G11, F16 and P12 have exhibited a very intense staining of different histological types of lung cancer. More than 80% of squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinoma samples have been positively stained. None of the corresponding normal lung tissue specimens showed an expression of either tenascin domains. Conclusions: The results show that tenascin-C isoforms are highly expressed around the neovasculature and in the stroma of the majority of non-small cell lung cancers but is undetectable in the normal lung tissue. Therefore these isoforms could represent valuable candidates for the development of antibody based biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of lung cancer.
Overexpression of an N-Terminally Truncated Isoform of the Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 Leads to Altered Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Transgenic Mice (2004)

Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1, also known as ACTR, SRC-3, RAC-3, TRAM-1, p/CIP) is a member of the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family involved in transcriptional regulation of genes activated through steroid receptors, such as estrogen receptor alpha (ER(alpha)). The AIB1 gene and a more active N-terminally deleted isoform (AIB1-Delta3) are overexpressed in breast cancer. To determine the role of AIB1-Delta3 in breast cancer pathogenesis, we generated transgenic mice with human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene 1 (hCMVIE1) promoter-driven over-expression of human AIB1/ACTR-Delta3 (CMVAIB1/ACTR-Delta3 mice). AIB1/ACTR-Delta3 transgene mRNA expression was confirmed in CMV-AIB1/ACTR-Delta3 mammary glands by in situ hybridization. These mice demonstrated significantly increased mammary epithelial cell proliferation (P < 0.003), cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.002), IGF-I receptor protein expression (P = 0.026), mammary gland mass (P < 0.05), and altered expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein isoforms (P = 0.029). At 13 months of age, mammary ductal ectasia was found in CMV-AIB1/ACTR-Delta3 mice, but secondary and tertiary branching patterns were normal. There were no changes in the expression patterns of either ER(alpha) or Stat5a, a downstream mediator of prolactin signaling. Serum IGF-I levels were not altered in the transgenic mice. These data indicate that overexpression of the AIB1/ACTR-Delta3 isoform resulted in altered mammary epithelial cell growth. The observed changes in cell proliferation and gene expression are consistent with alterations in growth factor signaling that are thought to contribute to either initiation or progression of breast cancer. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the N-terminally deleted isoform of AIB1 can play a role in breast cancer development and/or progression.
Exact Analytic Solutions for Pipe Buckling in Vertical and Horizontal Wells (2002)

Summary The first buckling solution was developed by Lubinski and Woods. When the differential equation describing buckling was derived, this solution was found to be an exact solution for vertical wells. Since these results were published, no other exact analytic solution has been discovered. Many numerical results have been obtained, however, suggesting that other solutions did exist. Because the buckling differential equation is nonlinear, it is not surprising that no other analytic solutions have been discovered. This paper presents three new analytic solutions for the vertical well problem and two new analytic solutions for the horizontal well problem. These analytic solutions are valuable both for predicting previously unanticipated buckling behavior and for providing guidance in further numerical evaluations of this problem. In this paper, these five solutions are described, including techniques for evaluating the analytic functions. Buckling length change calculations are determined analytically, and pipe curvature, bending moment, and bending stresses are evaluated. The contact loads between tubing and wellbore are determined, then used to limit the range of validity of the solutions. The critical force for helical buckling is determined for horizontal wells. Possible applications for these solutions include the analysis of bottomhole assemblies, drillpipe, casing, and tubing. The solutions are simple formulas, but require computer evaluation of the analytic functions.