gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fabrication and performance of planar doped barrier diodes as 200 GHz subharmonically pumped mixers (1994)

The PDB (planar doped barrier) diode consists of a p/sup +/ doping spike between two intrinsic layers and n/sup +/ ohmic contacts. Such devices can have an anti-symmetric current vs. voltage characteristic. The capacitance is approximately constant with the applied voltage, and the barrier height and device capacitance are easily adjustable. These characteristics make the PDB a candidate for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave subharmonic mixers. We have fabricated 2 and 4 /spl mu/m diameter diodes with different barrier designs using GaAs epi-layers. The devices are planarized using an air-bridge and a surface channel etch. After completely removing the substrate, the devices are mounted on a quartz substrate to reduce parasitic effects. Diced diodes were tested as subharmonic mixers around 200 GHz in both a quasi-optical planar wideband subharmonic receiver and a planar-diode waveguide-mixer. The quasi-optical measurements show that a 0.23 V (and 0.4 V) barrier height GaAs diode with 2.0 /spl mu/A (and 5 nA) of saturation current gives a DSB conversion loss of 10.8 dB (and 9.5 dB) and a DSB noise temperature of 3795/spl deg/ K and 2450/spl deg/ K). The waveguide mixer measurements were made with a similar 0.23 V barrier height PDB. Such a mixer has a minimum conversion loss of 10.2 dB and noise temperature of 3570/spl deg/ K, and requires only 1.2 milliwatts of available LO power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The cognitive network model of creativity: a new causal model of creativity and a new brainstorming technique (2005)

Creativity is a vital component of problem solving, yet despite decades of creativity research, many of the techniques for increasing creative production still lack compelling theoretical and causal foundations. This paper defines a Cognitive Network Model, a causal model of creative solution generation for problem solving domains. This model is grounded in mechanisms of human cognition which are hypothesized to exist within all individuals, regardless of their intelligence level, socio-economic status, or other variable, personal attributes. Guided by the model, we outline a new Group Support System (GSS) based technique called directed brainstorming. We propose the Cognitive Network Model is useful for explaining the effectiveness of existing creativity techniques, and may represent a basis from which new techniques and technologies for enhancing the creative output of problem-solvers can be developed.
Axillary skin: biology and care (2012)

In skin care, the axilla is a biologically unique site requiring specialized attention and care. This area of skin is often subject to hair removal techniques, such as shaving and plucking. These procedures damage the skin leading to erythema and dryness in the short term, and in some cases, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIHP) in the long term. This study will (i) briefly review the biology and unique properties of axillary skin, and (ii) describe the characteristics of the irritation and damage induced by contemporary skin care habits and resolution of these responses by the use of efficacious skin moisturizing technology. With respect to the latter, we propose that there are five groups of compounds, defined according to their mechanism of action, which are particularly relevant to the care of damaged axillary skin.
A Snapshot of the Global Race for Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has entered the human population and has spread rapidly around the world in the first half of 2020 causing a global pandemic. The virus uses its spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain to interact with host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) sites to initiate a cascade of events that culminate in severe acute respiratory syndrome in some individuals. In efforts to curtail viral spread, authorities initiated far-reaching lockdowns that have disrupted global economies. The scientific and medical communities are mounting serious efforts to limit this pandemic and subsequent waves of viral spread by developing preventative vaccines and repurposing existing drugs as potential therapies. In this review, we focus on the latest developments in COVID-19 vaccine development, including results of the first Phase I clinical trials and describe a number of the early candidates that are emerging in the field. We seek to provide a balanced coverage of the seven main platforms used in vaccine development that will lead to a desired target product profile for the "ideal" vaccine. Using tales of past vaccine discovery efforts that have taken many years or that have failed, we temper over exuberant enthusiasm with cautious optimism that the global medical community will reach the elusive target to treat COVID-19 and end the pandemic.
Electron-transfer reactions of metallocenes. Influence of metal oxidation state on structure and reactivity (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer reactions of metallocenes. Influence of metal oxidation state on structure and reactivityJohn D. L. Holloway and William E. Geiger Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 8, 2038–2044Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00502a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00502a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views822Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aerial Grasping: Modeling and Control of a Flying Hand (2017)

In this paper, we present the design, simulation and experimental validation of a control architecture for a flying hand, i.e., a system made of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a robotic manipulator and a gripper, which is grasping an object fixed on a vertical wall. The goal of this work is to show that the overall control allows the flying hand to approach the wall, to dock on the object by means of the gripper, take the object and fly away. The control strategy has been implemented and validated in the simulated model and in experiments on the complete flying hand system.
Design and analysis of a tendon-based MRI-compatible surgery robot for transperineal prostate needle placement (2014)

Tendon-based transmission has significant advantages in the development of a surgical robot, which is fully magnetic resonance imaging compatible and can work dexterously in the very limited space inside magnetic resonance imaging core. According to the requirements of magnetic resonance imaging compatibility, a novel 6 degrees of freedom tendon-based surgical robot composed of three independent modules is developed in this paper. After a brief introduction to the robot, the direct and inverse kinematic equations are deduced by applying the concept of screw displacements, and the reachable workspace of the robot is calculated. As to the static force analysis, we apply the principle of virtual work to derive a transmission between the equivalent joint torques and the tendon forces. By the use of the pseudoinverse technique, a systematic method is developed for the resolution of redundant tendon forces.
Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene transfer results in long-term enzymatic and functional correction in multiple organs of Fabry mice (2001)

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A). This enzyme deficiency leads to impaired catabolism of alpha-galactosyl-terminal lipids such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Patients develop painful neuropathy and vascular occlusions that progressively lead to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal dysfunction and early death. Although enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplantation have shown promise in the murine analog of Fabry disease, gene therapy holds a strong potential for treating this disease in humans. Delivery of the normal alpha-gal A gene (cDNA) into a depot organ such as liver may be sufficient to elicit corrective circulating levels of the deficient enzyme. To investigate this possibility, a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector encoding human alpha-gal A (rAAV-AGA) was constructed and injected into the hepatic portal vein of Fabry mice. Two weeks postinjection, alpha-gal A activity in the livers of rAAV-AGA-injected Fabry mice was 20-35% of that of the normal mice. The transduced animals continued to show higher alpha-gal A levels in liver and other tissues compared with the untouched Fabry controls as long as 6 months after treatment. In parallel to the elevated enzyme levels, we see significant reductions in Gb3 levels to near normal at 2 and 5 weeks posttreatment. The lower Gb3 levels continued in liver, spleen, and heart, up to 25 weeks with no significant immune response to the virus or alpha-gal A. Also, no signs of liver toxicity occurred after the rAAV-AGA administration. These findings suggest that an AAV-mediated gene transfer may be useful for the treatment of Fabry disease and possibly other metabolic disorders.
Ultrasonic Diagnostic Instruments (1980)

The underlying physical principles and current limitations of diagnostic ultrasonic instruments are reviewed. Recently developed ultrasonic imaging devices using pulsed-reflected ultrasound are discussed in detail. These instruments transmit short trains of 1.5- to 10-megahertz sound. Echoes reflected from tissue are converted to electrical signals, which are presented on a display device to outline the contour of tissues and organs within the body. The physical resolution of the system is dependent on several design factors in addition to the transmitted sound frequencies. A resolution volume of approximately 1.5 by 3 by 4 millimeters is achieved optimally with commercially available systems operating at 2.25 megahertz. The various instrument designs are described in the context of clinical usage. Because the sound is diffracted, refracted, and reflected, tghe imaging considerations are different from those of x-ray imaging. Diagnostic devices based on the Doppler principle are distinguished from pulsed-reflected ultrasonic instruments.
Update: Exertional rhabdomyolysis, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2017-2021. (2022)

Among active component service members in 2021, there were 513 incident cases of exertional rhabdomyolysis, for an unadjusted incidence rate of 38.6 cases per 100,000 person-years (p-yrs). Subgroup-specific rates in 2021 were highest among males, those less than 20 years old, non-Hispanic Black service members, Marine Corps or Army members, recruits, and those in “other” and combat-specific occupations. During 2017–2021, crude rates of exertional rhabdomyolysis reached a peak of 43.1 per 100,000 p-yrs in 2018 after which the rate decreased to 38.4 and 38.6 per 100,000 p-yrs in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Compared to those in other race/ethnicity groups, non-Hispanic Black service members had the highest overall rate of exertional rhabdomyolysis in every year of the period. Overall and annual rates were highest among Marine Corps members, intermediate among those in the Army, and lowest among those in the Air Force and Navy. Most cases of exertional rhabdomyolysis were diagnosed at installations that support basic combat/recruit training or major ground combat units of the Army or the Marine Corps. Medical care providers should consider exertional rhabdomyolysis in the differential diagnosis when service members (particularly recruits) present with muscular pain or swelling, limited range of motion, or the excretion of darkened urine after strenuous physical activity, especially in hot, humid weather.
Measurement of FePt thermal properties relevant to heat-assisted magnetic recording (2014)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is the likely successor of the conventional perpendicular magnetic recording. Due to its high anisotropy, graded L10 ordered FePt is widely used as a HAMR recording layer. Electrically insulating MgO under-layer is essential for growing FePt in HAMR media. Experimentally, we observe very low thermal conductivity of FePt and significant thermal boundary resistance between FePt and MgO, whose magnitudes affect the HAMR thermal gradient. Realistic granular FePt media has &gt;30% segregation, and, experimentally, we observe that FePt thermal properties are affected by segregation. We utilized time domain thermo-reflectance (TDTR) technique for studying FePt thermal conductivity and boundary resistance in realistic HAMR media stack. 1D finite element heat transport model was used for fitting experimental TDTR data and extracting thermal conductivities and related thermal boundary resistances. We found best fit thermal conductivity value for non-segregated FePt is as low as 13 W/mK. When reasonable amount of segregation (30%) is added, thermal conductivity reduces from 13 W/mK to 6 W/mK, and thermal boundary resistance to MgO reduces from 3.5 × 10−9 m2K/W to 0.7 × 10−9 m2K/W.
Competition between T cells maintains clonal dominance during memory inflation induced by MCMV (2013)

Both human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) establish persistent infections that induce the accumulation of virus-specific T cells over time in a process called memory inflation. It has been proposed that T cells expressing T-cell receptors (TCRs) with high affinity for HCMV-derived peptides are preferentially selected after acute HCMV infection. To test this in the murine model, small numbers of OT-I transgenic T cells, which express a TCR with high affinity for the SIINFEKL peptide, were transferred into congenic mice and recipients were challenged with recombinant MCMV expressing SIINFEKL. OT-I T cells were selectively enriched during the first 3 weeks of infection. Similarly, in the absence of OT-I T cells, the functional avidity of SIINFEKL-specific T cells increased from early to late times postinfection. However, even when exceedingly small numbers of OT-I T cells were transferred, their inflation limited the inflation of host-derived T cells specific for SIINFEKL. Importantly, subtle minor histocompatibility differences led to late rejection of the transferred OT-I T cells in some mice, which allowed host-derived T cells to inflate substantially. Thus, T cells with a high functional avidity are selected shortly after MCMV infection and continuously sustain their clonal dominance in a competitive manner.
Multi-party Key-Exchange with Perfect Forward Secrecy (2014)

The paper proposes a multi-party key exchange scheme with Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) which ensures that a session key derived from a set of long-term public and private keys used in the protocol to authenticate, does not compromise the secrecy of session key. In this protocol, each group establishes connection by communicating through a trusted third party. The trusted party acts as a group controller generates a public key and broadcasts it among the groups. Each group generate their public keys and send to trusted party. After receiving all the keys the group controller shares it among all the parties to generate the session key. Similarly, each group manager of individual group communicates with the members of the corresponding group. The security of the proposed scheme is analysed rigorously and proved to be resistant against non-repudiation attack, replay attack, chosen cipher attack, man-in-the middle attack. The scheme has wider applications such as, sending encrypted e-mail in a military environment to multiple users, securing submitted bids information in online tender, contract signing by many organizations, etc.
Overcoming the Prevalent Decomposition of Legacy Code (2001)

The potential benefits of advanced separation of concerns (ASOC) techniques are well known and many programmers find the idea of using them appealing. For new software engineering projects these modularization mechanisms offer guidelines of how to structure the system modules. But how can legacy systems profit from them? Code related to concerns not represented in the current modularization has to be carefully identified and extracted while preserving system integrity. This paper presents a refactoring tool that aids in the extraction of concerns that are ill-represented in the prevalent OOP decomposition 1. Mining for Concerns While contemporary modularization techniques such as OOP have proven to be successful, their approach of modularizing software systems according to a single concern is inherently insufficient and might not provide enough structure for developing complex systems [6, 7, 8]. Concerns not represented in the current system decomposition can decrease the code quality, as they have to be “pressed ” into the primary decomposition. We call such concerns hidden concerns (HCs). Code related to these concerns can show two symptoms of poor modularity: it can be scattered over the whole project or it can be tangled with other code. Code tangling is a state where lines related to different concerns are interwoven. ASOC techniques promise to overcome these problems by providing constructs to represent otherwise hidden concerns. However, regardless of which ASOC technique is used, software developers face the same problems when applying these paradigms to legacy systems: How to identify and extract the code related to a hidden concern? Due to the scattered nature of hidden concerns, searching for them in existing code is a non-trivial task.
Characteristics of Intra-Left Atrial Flow Dynamics and Factors Affecting Formation of the Vortex Flow (2014)

4D-Flow can clearly visualize the intra-LA vortex formation and analyze its characteristic features. The vortex formation might depend on LV and LA volume and on flow velocity and volume from PVs.
Understanding Disk Carbon Loss Kinetics for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2014)

An optical pump-probe set-up that allowed short dwell time ( ~ 500 μs) heating with a high-temperature ramp rate ( ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> K/s) was used to detect the magnetization change in heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media. The temperature of the media was monitored by observing the Kerr signal. The pump power at zero magnetization allowed the determination of the power needed to attain the Curie temperature of the media (the Curie temperature was determined with a high-temperature magnetometer before the pump-probe experiments). HAMR media was then irradiated with a pump power to obtain 480°C for increasing exposure times. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of these media surfaces revealed depressions or holes in the media surface [within the carbon overcoat (COC) layer] that increased in extent with cumulative exposure time. Media surfaces exposed to somewhat lower temperatures (450°C) and for shorter times had a swollen region that surrounded a much smaller depression. High-spatial resolution Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze these irradiated areas. An increased D-band was observed within the swollen portion of the media surface, while the overall Raman signal intensity decreased within the small depressed area. Using time and temperature irradiations along with AFM analysis of the depressions the activation energy for COC loss was determined to be 0.6 eV. These observations were attributed to COC failure through graphitization and oxidation. The failure mechanism leading to these observed changes and the possible relationship of the present results to the HAMR media COC thermal stability are discussed.
Smartphone-Based Tele-Rehabilitation System for Frozen Shoulder Using a Machine Learning Approach (2015)

Frozen shoulder is a very painful condition that affects patients' daily life. Patients with frozen shoulder have to go to a hospital or medical center to get appropriate rehabilitation. Transportation to the hospital raises healthcare costs and the process can be time-consuming. We have developed a tele rehabilitation system which allows patients to perform an at-home exercise. According to our existing system, it is only available for high-end smartphones with multiple sensors that include accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetic field sensors. In this work, we propose a novel approach using machine learning to estimate the arm angle of rotation using only the accelerometer sensor. Results show that reasonable accuracy can be obtained so that it may be used with lower-end Android smartphone devices that only have an accelerometer available. A web-based interface enables the medical practitioner such as a physiotherapist to monitor and administer an appropriate rehabilitation program for more effective recovery.
Influence of interfacial interactions on the properties of PVC/cellulosic fiber composites (1998)

Abstract The surface properties at the interface between thermoplastic and cellulosic fibers strongly influence the mechanical properties of plastic/cellulosic fiber composites. This paper examines the role of surface acid‐base properties of plasticized PVC and cellulosic fibers on the mechanical properties of the composites. The acid‐base surface characteristics of cellulosic fibers were modified by treating the fibers with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (A‐1100), dichlorodiethylsilane, phthalic anhydride, and maleated polypropylene. The empirical acid ( K A ) and base ( K D ) characteristics (i.e., electron donor/acceptor abilities) of untreated and treated fibers, as well as plasticized PVC, were determined using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique. These parameters were used to yield information on the acid‐base pair interactions that were correlated with the tensile and notched Izod impact properties of the composites. Acid‐base pair interactions have been found to be a valuable parameter in the design of surface modification strategies intended to optimize the tensile strength of the composites. By tailoring the acid‐base characteristics of cellulosic fibers and plasticized PVC, a composite with equal tensile strength and greater modulus than unfilled PVC was developed. However, the acid‐base factors did not correlate with tensile modulus, the elongation at break, and the notched Izod impact property of PVC/newsprint fiber composites. Aminosilane has been observed to be a suitable adhesion promoter for PVC/wood composites improving significantly the tensile strength of the composites. Other treatments (dichlorodiethylsilane, phtalic anhydride, and maleated polypropylene) were found to be ineffective, giving similar strength compared to the composites with untreated cellulosic fibers. FTIR spectroscopy results suggested that aminosilane was effective because treated cellulosic fibers can react with PVC to form chemical bonds. The resulting bond between PVC and cellulosic fibers accounts for the effectiveness of aminosilane, when compared with other coupling agents.
Nomenclature and nosology for neuropathologic subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: an update (2009)

Nomenclature and nosology for neuropathologic subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration : an update