gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval susceptibility to event DAS‐59122‐7 maize (2010)

Susceptibility of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) larvae to DAS-59122-7 maize was evaluated using a laboratory technique that measures rootworm survival to adulthood on maize seedlings. This method produces direct measures of larval susceptibility using realistic exposure to the same range of insecticidal protein concentrations found in field-grown DAS-59122-7 maize roots. First, second and third instars were reared to adulthood on DAS-59122-7 maize seedlings or a non-transgenic, near-isoline maize. Data on survival, adult gender ratio, adult weight and median emergence were collected. Overall, larval susceptibility to DAS-59122-7 maize was lower than earlier predictions (Storer et al. 2006). Neonate survival on DAS-59122-7 maize was approximately 33% of isoline survival after 17 days, and the same 33% recovered and developed to adulthood when the isoline maize was substituted. Survival rate on DAS-59122-7 maize increased with instar. The mean survivorship was 0.5%, 26% and 65% when exposure to DAS-59122-7 maize began at the first, second and third instars, respectively. Exposure to DAS-59122-7 maize led to sub-lethal effects on adult gender ratio, weight and median emergence. These effects decreased when exposure to DAS-59122-7 maize began at later instars. The killing effect of DAS-59122-7 maize on rootworm larvae appeared to result from the combined chronic effects and absence of a suitable host as perceived by the larvae. The relevance of these data and the methodology of estimating rootworm susceptibility to plant-incorporated protectants are discussed in the context of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s functional definition of ‘high dose’ and use of refuge for resistance management (EPA 1998a). Based on these results it is evident that DAS-59122-7 maize does not meet the functional definitions of high dose as described by EPA (1998a,b) and ILSI (1999), and the utility of refuge, refuge size and refuge placement for delaying rootworm resistance should be further investigated.
Computing optimized rectilinear regions for association rules (1997)

We address the problem of finding useful regions for two-dimensional association rules and decision,trees. In a previous paper we presented efficient algorithms for computing optimized x-monotone regions, whose intersections with any vertical line are always undi-vided. In practice, however, the quality of x-monotone regions is not ideal, because the boundary of an x-monotone region tends to be notchy, and the region is likely to overfit a training dataset too much to give a good prediction for an unseen test dataset. T ” +l.:,-*..- ”..r.3:,,+,,.A _..^.. a”,, +t.,..^ _,.c., mn”,d 11 ‘ u111a yc4pcx *yT I,IOLl.z~U p’“p”uG cur UDrj “1 0, IGLLL-linear region whose intersection with any vertical line and whose intersection with any horizontal line are both undivided, so that the boundary of any rectilin-ear region is never notchy. This property is studied from a theoretical viewpoint, Experimental tests con-firm that the rectilinear region less overfits a training database and thefore provides a better prediction for unseen test data. We also present a novel efficient al-gorithm for computing optimized rectilinear regions. 1
Photoacoustic communications: delivering audible signals via absorption of light by atmospheric H<sub>2</sub>O (2019)

We describe a means of communication in which a user with no external receiver hears an audible audio message directed only at him/her. A laser transmits the message, which is encoded upon a modulated laser beam and sent directly to the receiver's ear via the photoacoustic effect. A 1.9 μm thulium laser matched to an atmospheric water vapor absorption line is chosen to maximize sound pressure while maintaining eye-safe power densities. We examine the photoacoustic transfer function describing this generation of audible sound and the important operational parameters, such as laser spot size, and their impact on a working system.
Parallel Scheduling and Routing Algorithms for Large-scale High-speed Switching Systems (2019)

The traffic of large-scale interconnection networks is increasingly showing high-speed and high-burst characteristics, which imposes a big challenge on the performance of switching systems. However, the existing scheduling and routing algorithms for the switching systems have either high computation complexity or high operation cost, which cannot keep up with the rapid development of the Internet. To cope with this problem, we present a parallel scheduling algorithm and a parallel routing algorithm for large-scale high-speed switching systems in this paper. Starting from the edge coloring problem of bipartite graphs, this paper first presents algebraic edge coloring approach, based on which we design the scheduling and routing algorithms. Our simulation results show that these algorithms possess the following features: 1) They have a low computation complexity; 2) They can provide 100% throughput; 3) They can achieve end-to-end delay in microseconds; 4) They do not require any hardware acceleration, and do not lead to packet out-of-sequence problem.
Multiple Region-of-Interest Support in Scalable Video Coding (2006)

In this letter, we propose a new functionality to scalable video coding (SVC), that is, the support of multiple region of interests (ROIs) for heterogeneous display resolution. The main objective of SVC is to provide temporal, spatial, and quality scalability of an encoded bitstream. The ROI is an area that is semantically important to a particular user, especially users with heterogeneous display resolutions. Less transmission bandwidth is needed compared to when the entire region is transmitted/decoded and then sub-sampled or cropped. To support multiple ROIs in SVC, we adopt flexible macroblock ordering (FMO), a tool defined in H.264, and based on it, we propose a way to encode and, independently, decode ROIs. The proposed method is implemented on the joint scalable video model (JSVM) and its functionality verified.
Postemergence Weed Control in Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum (2010)

Postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in grain sorghum are limited. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides are very effective at controlling many grass species in many crops; unfortunately, use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is not an option in conventional grain sorghum because of its susceptibility to these herbicides. With the development of ALS-resistant grain sorghum, several POST ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be used to control weeds in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of tank mixtures of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with bromoxynil, carfentrazone–ethyl, halosulfuron + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2,4-D, or metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. In addition, these treatments were applied with and without atrazine. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail 99, 86, and 91% 6 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. A decrease in annual grass control was observed when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with some broadleaf herbicides, although the differences were not always significant. In addition, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled velvetleaf and ivyleaf moringglory 64 and 78% 6 WAT, respectively. Control of velvetleaf was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all broadleaf herbicides included in this study with the exception of atrazine, bromoxynil, and prosulfuron + atrazine. Control of ivyleaf morningglory was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all of the herbicides included in this study with the exception of metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. Weed populations and biomass were lower when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with various broadleaf herbicides than when it was applied alone. Grain sorghum yield was greater in all herbicide treatments than in the weedy check, with the highest grain yield from nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + prosulfuron. This research showed that postemergence application of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron effectively controls grass weeds, including barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail. The research also showed that velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory control was more effective when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with other broadleaf herbicides.
A Resource Block Assignment Scheme for OFDMA-Based Cellular Networks with Self-Organizing Terminal Relays (2011)

Effective coordination between terminal relays in OFDMA-based systems becomes a cumbersome task with the increase in the number of these relays. To address this drawback, in this paper an autonomous scheme is proposed whereby the relays assign resource blocks to incoming wireless terminals (WTs) in a way that minimizes the number of hit occurrences at which the same resource block is assigned to other WTs. The proposed scheme uses cyclic group generators to determine the sequence of resource blocks to be assigned by each relay. This scheme is particularly beneficial in self-organizing terminal relaying systems in which the distribution of the wireless terminals is nonuniform. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly better than that of assignment schemes proposed in the literature.
High‐resolution MRI of internal field diffusion‐weighting in trabecular bone (2008)

Trabecular bone structure is known to play a crucial role in the overall strength, and thus fracture risk, of such areas of the skeleton as the vertebrae, spine, femur, tibiae, or radius. Several MR methods devoted to probing this structure depend upon the susceptibility difference between the solid bone matrix and the intervening fluid/marrow/fat, usually in the context of a linewidth (1/T(2)') measurement or mapping technique. A recently demonstrated new approach to this system involves using internal gradients to encode diffusion weighting, and extracting structural information (e.g., surface-to-volume ratio) from the resulting signal decay. This contrast method has been demonstrated in bulk measurements on cleaned, water-saturated bovine trabecular bone samples. In the present work, microscopic imaging (0.156 mm in-plane resolution) is performed in order to spatially resolve this contrast on the trabecular level, and confirm its interpretation for the bulk measurements. It is found that the local rate of decay due to diffusion in the internal field (DDIF) is maximal close to the trabecular surfaces. The overall decay rate in a lower resolution scan probes the abundance of these surfaces, and provides contrast beyond that found in conventional proton density weighted or T(1)-weighted imaging. Furthermore, a microscopic calculation of internal field distributions shows a qualitative distinction between the structural sensitivities of DDIF and T(2)'. DDIF contrast is highly localized around trabecular walls than is the internal field itself, making it a less sensitive but more specific measure of such important properties as trabecular number.
Assessment of Somatic Hybridisation between Lycopersicon Esculentum and L. Peruvianum (1983)

Although it is possible to obtain sexual hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum using embryo culture techniques (1), the yield of hybrids is often very low. This present study using protoplast fusion was undertaken to determine the extent to which somatic hybridisation could eliminate this difficulty. The nature of somatic hybridisation required a background of regeneration capability from protoplasts, and also the development of methods for the selection of somatic hybrid cells directly from the fusion products between wild types of both species. Methods are described for the basic steps towards the achievement of this objective.
Design of a Resistive Susceptor for Uniform Heating During Induction Bonding of Composites (2000)

Abstract : A novel susceptor concept for metal-mesh susceptors, designed to achieve uniform in-plane temperatures during induction heating, is documented. The process involves redirecting eddy-current flow patterns in the resistive-mesh susceptor by specifically designed cut patterns in the mesh. A theoretical model was developed to predict heat generation in metal-mesh susceptors with any described network pattern. initial results for cut patterns show significant changes in heating compared to an uncut mesh. Cut patterns can be optimized to reduce temperature gradients in the susceptor to within the processing window of the composite. Experimental results are presented for qualitative comparisons.
Combining Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Molecular Laser-Induced Fluorescence (2016)

We propose combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with molecular laser-induced fluorescence (MLIF) with resulting plasma-borne molecules as a means of studying laser-induced plasma (LIP). Examples of this method with LIP-created Al, Si, and B monoxides are presented. Applicability of the LIBS-MLIF method for elemental and isotope analysis is demonstrated.
In Situ Measurement of Ground-Surface Flow Resistivity (1984)

New instrument allows in situ measurement of flow resistivity on Earth's ground surface. Nonintrusive instrument includes specimen holder inserted into ground. Flow resistivity measured by monitoring compressed air passing through flow-meters; pressure gages record pressure at ground surface. Specimen holder with knife-edged inner and outer cylinders easily driven into ground. Air-stream used in measuring flow resistivity of ground enters through quick-connect fitting and exits through screen and venthole.
Process Variables that Control Natural Fiber Welding (2010)

Preliminary data are shown for a systematic study of the variables that control the fiber welding process. Cotton cloth samples are treated with various amounts of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for a series of times and temperatures. Processed materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and mechanical (tensile) testing. Chemical and physical properties are shown to be controllably modified with careful management of process variables.
Properties of a radial mode CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;laser (1973)

The properties of a new class of lasers are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In these lasers, the radiation propagates radially within a disk-shaped amplifying medium resulting in high fields and symmetric illumination at the resonator axis. Experiments have been conducted using a pulsed CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> TEA configuration.
Plasminogen activator activity in tears after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. (2000)

Plasminogen activator activity levels measured in tears of excimer laser PRK-treated eyes may serve as a predictor of wound healing. Extended low levels of plasminogen activator activity through the third postoperative day correlate with the development of corneal healing abnormalities (haze). The low plasminogen activator activity could be not only an accompanying sign but also a cause of defective corneal wound healing.
Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning (2022)

Nanoscale ionic programmable resistors for analog deep learning are 1000 times smaller than biological cells, but it is not yet clear how much faster they can be relative to neurons and synapses. Scaling analyses of ionic transport and charge-transfer reaction rates point to operation in the nonlinear regime, where extreme electric fields are present within the solid electrolyte and its interfaces. In this work, we generated silicon-compatible nanoscale protonic programmable resistors with highly desirable characteristics under extreme electric fields. This operation regime enabled controlled shuttling and intercalation of protons in nanoseconds at room temperature in an energy-efficient manner. The devices showed symmetric, linear, and reversible modulation characteristics with many conductance states covering a 20× dynamic range. Thus, the space-time-energy performance of the all-solid-state artificial synapses can greatly exceed that of their biological counterparts.
Single breath-hold 3D contrast-enhanced method for assessment of cardiac function (2000)

Cardiac MRI function measurements are typically performed using 2D sequences and require multiple breath-holds to image the entire heart. A single 3D acquisition using a T(1)-shortening agent has many potential advantages over techniques that acquire multiple 2D images, including more consistent contrast and precise slice coverage. However, 3D techniques currently require much longer than a single breath-hold to complete. It has been shown that for MR angiography undersampled projection reconstruction can acquire much higher resolution per unit time than Fourier imaging with acceptable artifacts. By employing a gated, undersampled projection technique, high-resolution 3D multiphase volumes of the heart can be acquired in a single breath-hold. Short repetition times result in good myocardial suppression and a temporal aperture of 60 ms.
Cloning of the BssHII restriction-modification system in Escherichia coli : BssHII methyltransferase contains circularly permuted cytosine-5 methyltransferase motifs (1997)

BssHII restriction endonuclease cleaves 5'-GCGCGC-3' on double-stranded DNA between the first and second bases to generate a four base 5'overhang. BssHII restriction endonuclease was purified from the native Bacillus stearothermophilus H3 cells and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. Degenerate PCR primers were used to amplify the first 20 codons of the BssHII restriction endonuclease gene. The BssHII restriction endonuclease gene (bssHIIR) and the cognate BssHII methyltransferase gene (bssHIIM) were cloned in Escherichia coli by amplification of Bacillus stearothermophilus genomic DNA using PCR and inverse PCR. BssHII methyltransferase (M.BssHII) contains all 10 conserved cytosine-5 methyltransferase motifs, but motifs IX and X precede motifs I-VIII. Thus, the conserved motifs of M. BssHII are circularly permuted relative to the motif organizations of other cytosine-5 methyltransferases. M.BssHII and the non-cognate multi-specific phiBssHII methyltransferase, M.phiBss HII [Schumann,J. et al . (1995) Gene, 157, 103-104] share 34% identity in amino acid sequences from motifs I-VIII, and 40% identity in motifs IX-X. A conserved arginine is located upstream of a TV dipeptide in the N-terminus of M.BssHII that may be responsible for the recognition of the guanine 5' of the target cytosine. The BssHII restriction endonuclease gene was expressed in E.coli via a T7 expression vector.
Abnormal cerebral metabolite concentrations in patients with probable alzheimer disease (1994)

To establish whether recently described abnormalities of peak ratios are the result of changes in metabolite concentrations, quantitative 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in 10 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and seven normal elderly. CSF volumes, metabolite T1 and T2 relaxation rates, ratios and concentrations of N-acetyl residues, creatine, choline residues, myo-inositol, glutamine plus glutamate (Glx), and glucose were obtained. Difference spectroscopy and quantitative assays showed a 50% increase in myo-inositol (6.4-9.8 mM; P < 0.005) and a decrease in N-acetyl in occipital gray matter. A reduction in beta, gamma-Glx and a significant increase in intracerebral [glucose], greater than attributable to CSF, were defined. Choline concentration increased with age, but was not elevated above normal in AD patients. These findings indicate the need for quantitative 1H MRS to substantiate metabolite ratios. The increased myo-inositol concentration in AD is demonstrated by these studies.
Design and implementation of a high-speed transport protocol (1990)

The design, analysis, and implementation of an end-to-end transport protocol that is capable of high throughput consistent with the evolving high-speed physical networks based on fiber-optic transmission lines and high-capacity switches are presented. Unlike current transport protocols in which changes in control/state information are exchanged between the two communicating entities only when some significant event occurs, this protocol exchanges relevant and full state information periodically and frequently. It is shown that this reduces the complexity of protocol processing by removing many of the procedures required to recover from network inadequacies such as bit errors, packet loss, and out-of-sequence packets and makes it more amenable to parallel processing. Also, to increase channel utilization in the presence of high-speed, long-latency networks and to support diagrams, and efficient implementation of the selective repeat method of error control is incorporated in the protocol. An implementation using a Motorola 68030-based multiprocessor as a front-end processor is described. The current implementation can comfortably handle 10-15 kpackets/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Infrared spectral histopathology (SHP): a novel diagnostic tool for the accurate classification of lung cancer (2012)

We report results of a study utilizing a recently developed tissue diagnostic method, based on label-free spectral techniques, for the classification of lung cancer histopathological samples from a tissue microarray. The spectral diagnostic method allows reproducible and objective diagnosis of unstained tissue sections. This is accomplished by acquiring infrared hyperspectral data sets containing thousands of spectra, each collected from tissue pixels about 6 μm on edge; these pixel spectra contain an encoded snapshot of the entire biochemical composition of the pixel area. The hyperspectral data sets are subsequently decoded by methods of multivariate analysis, which reveal changes in the biochemical composition between tissue types, and between various stages and states of disease. In this study, a detailed comparison between classical and spectral histopathology (SHP) is presented, which suggests SHP can achieve levels of diagnostic accuracy that is comparable to that of multi-panel immunohistochemistry.
Methods for<i>in Vivo</i>Tissue Electroporation Using Surface Electrodes (1993)

Electroporation of tissues has many potential biomedical applications, including transdermal and targeted drug delivery. Although there are established protocols for electroporation of single cells, electroporation of tissues remains largely unexplored. Here we describe methods for in vivo tissue electroporation with surface electrodes, where either (a) molecules are provided at the outer surface of skin and electroporation is caused in order to transport molecules across the skin or (b) molecules are injected into an animal and internal tissue cells are electroporated to enhance up-take of the injected molecules. Factors considered in our experimental design include selection of electrode material and electrode/tissue geometry. Electrode materials were used which could accommodate a high instantaneous current density and were expected not to form harmful electrochemical products. Due to the complex heterogeneous nature of tissues, the choice of electrical pulse parameters was guided by, but not based solely on, results from single-cell systems. Multiple pulses appeared to be useful in causing electroporation of tissues located deeper than the skin's stratum corneum. Secondary problems which resulted from the direct muscle stimulation associated with pulsing were also considered. Developing methods for in vivo tissue electroporation required an interdisciplinary approach, involving both high-voltage electric fields and the basic properties of living tissue.