gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of nanoconstructs that exhibit enhanced hemostatic efficiency and bioabsorbability (2022)

Hemorrhage is a prime cause of death in civilian and military traumatic injuries, whereby a significant proportion of death and complications occur prior to paramedic arrival and hospital resuscitation. Hence, it is crucial to develop hemostatic materials that are able to be applied by simple processes and allow control over bleeding by inducing rapid hemostasis, non-invasively, until subjects receive necessary medical care. This <i>tutorial</i> review discusses recent advances in synthesis and fabrication of degradable hemostatic nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Control of assembly and fine-tuning of composition of absorbable (<i>i.e.</i>, degradable) hemostatic supramolecular structures and nanoconstructs have afforded the development of smart devices and scaffolds capable of efficiently controlling bleeding while degrading over time, thereby reducing surgical operation times and hospitalization duration. The nanoconstructs that are highlighted have demonstrated hemostatic efficiency pre-clinically in animal models, while also sharing characteristics of degradability, bioabsorbability and presence of nano-assemblies within their compositions.
MMIC Cavity Oscillators (2011)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a new class of fully integrated oscillators in standard MMIC technology. Each oscillator comprises of a rectangular waveguide cavity resonator, a loop amplifier, and a phase shifter. Several cavities are constructed on standards GaAs substrate with quality factors of 120-170 between 40-50 GHz. The phase noise of a 52 GHz MMIC oscillator is -122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.
Syntheses and Applications of Aromatic Compounds Containing Fluoroalkyl Groups (1989)

The methods for the introduction of trifluoromethyl and other fluoroalkyl groups into aro-matic compounds have been described in detail. Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated that the various aromatic compounds containing fluoroalkyl groups are applicable to the water-oil repellent and optical usage.
New Magnet Technology for a 1.5 T Open-MRI Breast Imager (2017)

Structured windings and steel poles can be used to create a homogeneous field in a volume of interest (VOI) outside of a coil configuration. The methodology is explained and a first application to an optimized open-MRI imager for breast imaging is presented. Similar methods have been used to design a gradient coil set to similarly project uniform gradient into the same VOI. Aspects of the design and cryogenics of the magnet are discussed.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensors for in vivo detection of nucleic acid targets in a large animal model (2018)

Although nanotechnology has led to important advances in in vitro diagnostics, the development of nanosensors for in vivo detection remains very challenging. Here, we demonstrated the proof-of-principle of in vivo detection of nucleic acid targets using a promising type of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor implanted in the skin of a large animal model (pig). The in vivo nanosensor used in this study involves the “inverse molecular sentinel” detection scheme using plasmonics-active nanostars, which have tunable absorption bands in the near infrared region of the “tissue optical window”, rendering them efficient as an optical sensing platform for in vivo optical detection. Ex vivo measurements were also performed using human skin grafts to demonstrate the detection of SERS nanosensors through tissue. In this study, a new core–shell nanorattle probe with Raman reporters trapped between the core and shell was utilized as an internal standard system for self-calibration. These results illustrate the usefulness and translational potential of the SERS nanosensor for in vivo biosensing.
Development of Advanced Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Tungsten Heavy Alloy for Penetrator Application (2005)

The effects of fabrication process parameters, including conditions for powder preparation, sintering, cyclic heat-treatment, swaging, and annealing processes, on microstructures and static/dynamic mechanical properties of ODS tungsten heavy alloys were investigated. The composition of ODS tungsten heavy alloys was designed as 94W-4.56Ni-1.14Co-0.3Y2O3 which show the highest strength at similar microstructural parameters based on the analysis of microstructures and mechanical properties. The two-stage sintered ODS tungsten heavy alloy showed finer tungsten grain size than those prepared by conventional liquid phase sintering with similar matrix volume fraction and tungsten/tungsten contiguity. Cyclic heat-treatment process was introduced after sintering process to increase the tensile strength and elongation by decreasing the tungsten/tungsten contiguity. The swaging and annealing processes of ODS tungsten heavy alloy increase the tensile strength with decreasing the elongation. High strain rate dynamic compressive tests were performed by Hopkinson pressure bar test equipment. The dynamic compressive strength of ODS tungsten heavy alloys was improved by addition of oxide dispersoids and by modification of composition from W-Ni-Fe to W-Ni-Co. At the same time, the adiabatic shear bands induced by high strain rate dynamic shear tests became narrower by the dispersion of Y2O3 and by the composition modification. The 94W-4.56Ni-1.14Co-0.3Y2O3 alloy, which was two-stage sintered, cyclic heat-treated, swaged, and annealed, shows high ultimate tensile strength of 1350MPa, moderate elongation of 5% and high compressive yield strength of 1800MPa under a high strain rate deformation of 3000/s. The 94W-4.56Ni-1.14Co-0.3Y2O3 ODS tungsten heavy alloy has been suggested as an advanced core material for kinetic energy penetrators and hard target penetrators.
Thin film polarizers by in-situ photo-polymerization of highly ordered guest-host systems (2005)

The most essential passive optical element in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) is the polarizer. Here, we report on new polarizers based on guest-host systems that show excellent optical performance at a thickness of only 5 micron. This paper will discuss the advantages and current status of the guest-host polarizer technology.
Bioabsorbable polymeric material coils for embolization of intracranial aneurysms: a preliminary experimental study (2001)

In experimental aneurysms in swine, BPM/GDCs accelerated aneurysm fibrosis and intensified neck neointima formation without causing parent artery stenosis or thrombosis. The use of BPM/GDCs may improve long-term anatomical outcomes by decreasing aneurysm recanalization due to stronger in situ anchoring of coils by organized fibrous tissue. The retraction of this scar tissue may also decrease the size of aneurysms and clinical manifestations of mass effect observed in large or giant aneurysms.
A New and Convenient Synthesis of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 and Its 24<i>R</i>-Epimer (1989)

Abstract 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1a) was synthesized by irradiation and subsequent thermal isomerization of (22E)-5,7,22-ergostatriene-1α,3β,25-triol (16a). The triol 16a was obtained via 22-oxo-5α,8α-(4-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidine-1,2-diyl)-23,24-dinor-6-cholene-1α,3β-diyl diacetate (12) starting from (22E)-5,7,22-ergostatriene-1α,3β-diyl diacetate (10), a precursor of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D2. Introduction of the new side chain with the desired stereochemistry was carried out selectively by the reductive elimination of the β-hydroxy sulfone derived from the C-22 aldehyde (12) and an optically active sulfone, prepared via (S)-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol from methyl (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate. Similarly a C-24 epimer of 1a was synthesized.
Monte Carlo simulation of terahertz step well quantum cascade laser structures (2009)

In this paper, electron transport properties of terahertz (THz) step well quantum cascade laser structures are analyzed. These types of structures can allow for the radiative and LO-phonon transitions to be placed within the same well. Under such an arrangement there are three main energy levels, where the transition from the upper state to the middle state is at the THz radiative spacing and the transition from the middle state to the lower state is at or near the LOphonon energy (~ 36 meV in GaAs). The middle state (upper phonon or lower lasing state) is a single energy state, contrasting to previous LO-phonon based quantum cascade laser (QCL) designs that have doublet states. By having vertical radiative and LO-phonon transitions within the same well, it is possible for these types of structures to yield high oscillator strengths, which can lead to increased gain in the active region provided the upper state lifetime and injection efficiency are maintained. The step in the well allows for high injection efficiency due to the spatial separation of the wavefunctions. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze the structure in order to investigate these properties. Subband populations, electron temperatures, gain, and current density are extracted from the simulations. Comparisons are made to other existing conventional square well LO-phonon based QCLs. Our analysis indicates that these types of structures should be comparable to other design approaches and that step well injectors can be used to increase the injection efficiency for THz QCLs.
13.2: Electrochemical Deposition of Carbon Nanotube Films and Applications in Field Emission Display Devices (2008)

Abstract An electrochemical deposition (ECD) process for the formation of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films on ITO coated glass is described. This simple and scalable process takes advantage of a highly stable aqueous dispersion of ribonucleic acids (RNA) wrapped CNTs reported previously. Thin films showing dense coverage of nanotubes can be prepared in a few minutes by the application of a few volts between a conductive substrate and a stainless steel counter electrode with both immersed in the RNA‐CNT aqueous dispersion. Patterned deposit with feature size of microns can be readily obtained by masking the conductive layer on the substrate. Since ECD is an additive process with efficient use of CNTs, it provides a cost effective alternative to photoimagable deposition. Unlike electrophoretic deposition, the ECD process is an aqueous, low voltage, and field independent process. Fringing field issues which can affect deposition uniformity on patterned surfaces are therefore avoided. for electron field emission applications such as display or backlight, ECD films can be sintered and surface treated to obtain highly emissive surfaces with low threshold voltage and high uniformity emission. The field emission performance of diode and triode devices prepared with ECD is discussed.
Quantifying the effects of hydration on corneal stiffness with noncontact optical coherence elastography (2018)

Young's modulus increased significantly as the corneas dehydrated and thinned, showing that corneal geometry and hydration state are critical factors for accurately quantifying corneal biomechanical properties.
Production of DNA minicircles less than 250 base pairs through a novel concentrated DNA circularization assay enabling minicircle design with NF-κB inhibition activity (2016)

Double-stranded DNA minicircles of less than 1000 bp in length have great interest in both fundamental research and therapeutic applications. Although minicircles have shown promising activity in gene therapy thanks to their good biostability and better intracellular trafficking, minicircles down to 250 bp in size have not yet been investigated from the test tube to the cell for lack of an efficient production method. Herein, we report a novel versatile plasmid-free method for the production of DNA minicircles comprising fewer than 250 bp. We designed a linear nicked DNA double-stranded oligonucleotide blunt-ended substrate for efficient minicircle production in a ligase-mediated and bending protein-assisted circularization reaction at high DNA concentration of 2 μM. This one pot multi-step reaction based-method yields hundreds of micrograms of minicircle with sequences of any base composition and position and containing or not a variety of site-specifically chemical modifications or physiological supercoiling. Biochemical and cellular studies were then conducted to design a 95 bp minicircle capable of binding in vitro two NF-κB transcription factors per minicircle and to efficiently inhibiting NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity in human cells. Therefore, our production method could pave the way for the design of minicircles as new decoy nucleic acids.
Effect of Immediate Elaborated Feedback on Rater Accuracy (2020)

Principles of skill acquisition dictate that raters should be provided with frequent feedback about their ratings. However, in current operational practice, raters rarely receive immediate feedback about their scores owing to the prohibitive effort required to generate such feedback. An approach for generating and administering feedback responses to raters is proposed. It consists of automatically designating some responses as feedback responses, sourcing scores, and elaborations for these responses from a group of raters as part of regular scoring and, finally, administering the same responses to all other raters with immediate feedback based on a summary of the available scores and elaborations. This approach allows raters to receive frequent immediate feedback on a regular basis in a sustainable way. In two experimental studies, the effect of frequent immediate feedback (in approximately 25% of responses) on rating accuracy of newly trained raters was investigated. A control condition of no feedback was compared with two types of feedback with elaboration: text explanations of the correct score and a structured form identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the response. Results indicate that feedback had a beneficial effect on rater accuracy and that structured feedback was either equally beneficial to or more beneficial than text explanations.
A reduced power selective adiabatic spin‐echo pulse sequence (1991)

We introduce a selective adiabatic pulse sequence suitable for generating selective spin-echoes for both MR imaging and spectroscopy. The technique is simple; one uses the echo generated by any pair of identical selective adiabatic inversion pulses. The nonlinear phase across the slice is compensated perfectly by the second pi pulse. This compensation is immune to RF inhomogeneity and nonlinearity. For imaging applications, we concentrate on a reduced-power version of the pulse sequence in which time is traded off variably for RF amplitude in the presence of a time-varying gradient. This technique, known as variable-rate excitation, mildly degrades the off-resonant slice profile when applied to amplitude-modulated pulses. We present theoretical explanations and experimental results that show that the variable-rate adiabatic pulses are immune to off-resonant degradation of the magnitude normally encountered in MR imaging.
Ultra-High-Throughput EMS NB-LDPC Decoder with Full-Parallel Node Processing (2022)

Abstract This paper presents an ultra-high-throughput decoder architecture for NB-LDPC codes based on the Hybrid Extended Min-Sum algorithm. We introduce a new processing block that updates a check node and its associated variable nodes in a fully pipelined way, thus allowing the decoder to process one row of the parity check matrix per clock cycle. The work specifically focuses on a rate 5/6 code of size ( N , K ) = (144, 120) symbols over GF(64). The synthesis results on a 28-nm technology show that for a 0.789 M NAND-gates complexity complexity, the architecture reaches a decoding throughput of 0.9 Gbps with 30 decoding iterations. Compared to the 5G binary LDPC code of the same size and code rate, the proposed architecture offers a gain of 0.3 dB at a Frame Error Rate of $$10^{-3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> .
Wavefront reconstruction for the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (2002)

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is a powerful tool for optical analysis. A vital step in the data analysis chain involves reconstructing the wavefront incident upon the lenslet array from hundreds or thousands of slope measurements. We discuss here the basics of reconstruction and the differences in reconstruction for the case of Hartmann and Shack-Hartmann sensors. Hartmann sensors take point samples of the wavefront but Shack-Hartmann sensors measure the average slope over small regions. This results in subtle differences in the reconstruction.
Preparation of Short Oligonucleotides via the Phosphoramidite Method Using a Tetrazole Promoter in a Catalytic Manner (1997)

A facile phosphoramidite method using a tetrazole promoter in a catalytic manner has been developed for the condensation of a nucleoside 3‘-phosphoramidite and a nucleoside. This method is particularly useful for a large-scale synthesis of short oligonucleotides. For example, dinucleoside phosphates are prepared on a multigram scale in 92−99% yields through the reaction of nucleoside 3‘-N,N-diethylphosphoramidites (1.05 equiv) and 5‘-O-free nucleosides (1.00 equiv) with 5-(p-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (NPT) (0.05 equiv) in the presence of molecular sieves 13X in acetonitrile (40 °C, 60 min) followed by trimethylsilyl triflate-catalyzed oxidation with bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide in dichloromethane (40 °C, 10 min). The NPT-catalytic approach is also effective for the synthesis of longer deoxyribonucleotides such as d(5‘CTACCTGT3‘) and 2‘−5‘- or 3‘−5‘-linked ribonucleotides.
12-lipoxygenase activity plays an important role in PAR4 and GPVI-mediated platelet reactivity (2013)

Following initial platelet activation, arachidonic acid is metabolised by cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX). While the role of 12-LOX in the platelet is not well defined, recent evidence suggests that it may be important for regulation of platelet activity and is agonist-specific in the manner in which it regulates platelet function. Using small molecule inhibitors selective for 12-LOX and 12-LOX-deficient mice, the role of 12-LOX in regulation of human platelet activation and thrombosis was investigated. Pharmacologically inhibiting 12-LOX resulted in attenuation of platelet aggregation, selective inhibition of dense versus alpha granule secretion, and inhibition of platelet adhesion under flow for PAR4 and collagen. Additionally, 12-LOX-deficient mice showed attenuated integrin activity to PAR4-AP and convulxin compared to wild-type mice. Finally, platelet activation by PARs was shown to be differentially dependent on COX-1 and 12-LOX with PAR1 relying on COX-1 oxidation of arachidonic acid while PAR4 being more dependent on 12-LOX for normal platelet function. These studies demonstrate an important role for 12-LOX in regulating platelet activation and thrombosis. Furthermore, the data presented here provide a basis for potentially targeting 12-LOX as a means to attenuate unwanted platelet activation and clot formation.
Physiologically responsive, mechanically adaptive polymer optical fibers for optogenetics (2014)

The capability to deliver light to specific locations within the brain using optogenetic tools has opened up new possibilities in the field of neural interfacing. In this context, optical fibers are commonly inserted into the brain to activate or mute neurons using photosensitive proteins. While chronic optogenetic stimulation studies are just beginning to emerge, knowledge gathered in connection with electrophysiological implants suggests that the mechanical mismatch of conventional optical fibers and the cortical tissue may be a significant contributor to neuroinflammatory response. Here, we present the design and fabrication of physiologically responsive, mechanically adaptive optical fibers made of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) that may mitigate this problem. Produced by a one-step wet-spinning process, the fibers display a tensile storage modulus E' of ∼7000 MPa in the dry state at 25°C and can thus readily be inserted into cortical tissue. Exposure to water causes a drastic reduction of E' to ∼35 MPa on account of modest swelling with the water. The optical properties at 470 and 590 were comparable with losses of 0.7±0.04 dB/cm at 470 nm and 0.6±0.1 dB/cm at 590 nm in the dry state and 1.1±0.1 dB/cm at 470 nm and 0.9±0.3 dB/cm at 590 nm in the wet state. The dry end of a partially switched fiber with a length of 10 cm was coupled with a light-emitting diode with an output of 10.1 mW to deliver light with a power density of >500 mW/cm2 from the wet end, which is more than sufficient to stimulate neurons in vivo. Thus, even without a low-refractive index cladding, the physiologically responsive, mechanically adaptive optical fibers presented here appear to be a very useful new tool for future optogenetic studies.
Experimental parameters affecting the photocatalytic reduction performance of CO<sub>2</sub>to methanol: A review (2018)

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added hydrocarbon fuels and/or useful chemical products, using solar energy, has been the focus of active research, owing to its tremendous potential to provide a green fuel (eg, methanol) and simultaneously mitigate global warming by reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. CO2 photocatalytic reduction yields various hydrocarbon products. In this paper, we focus on methanol as it is an easily transportable energy-dense fuel with multifarious applications in the automobile, industrial, and petrochemical sector. The photocatalytic conversion rate of CO2 to methanol depends on 3 factors: the photocatalyst used, photoreactor design, and experimental parameters (or variables). The last factor—experimental parameters—forms the basis of this review paper. These parameters include the reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, solvent used, intensity, wavelength, and duration of the incident light, concentration of organic impurities adsorbed on catalytic surface, addition of hole scavengers, type of reductant used, catalyst loading method, catalyst concentration, and the dissolved oxygen concentration. There have been numerous published works aiming to improve the methanol formation rate by optimizing these experimental parameters. In this paper, we consolidate and review these parameters, and investigate how optimizing them can enhance the photocatalytic conversion rate of CO2 into methanol, thus ushering in the era of a green methanol-based economy.