gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10‐, 12‐, and 29‐Hydroxybullatacinones: New cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from nnona <i>bullata</i> rich (annonaceae) (1994)

In our continuing activity-directed search for new antitumor compounds, using brine shrimp lethality (BST), mixtures of three additional pairs (1-6) of bis-THF ketolactone acetogenins were isolated from the ethanol extract of the bark of Annona bullata Rich. (Annonaceae). Compared with (2,4-cis and trans)-bullatacinone (7 and 8), these new compounds each have one more aliphatic OH group at a different position on the hydrocarbon chain, and, thus, were named (2,4-cis and trans)-10-hydroxybullatacinone (1 and 2), (2,4-cis and trans)-12-hydroxybullatacinone (3 and 4), and (2,4-cis and trans)-29-hydroxybullatacinone (5 and 6). These mixtures all showed potent activities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and exhibited cytotoxicities comparable to those of adriamycin against human solid tumor cells in culture with selectivities exhibited especially toward the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).
Measurement of topography using polarimetric SAR images (1996)

A processing technique for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has been developed which produces profiles of terrain slopes and elevations in the azimuthal (or along-track) direction. This technique estimates the average shift in orientation angle of copolarization backscatter caused by azimuthal tilts of the scattering plane. Using P-band data, tests of this technique have been made for an area in the Black Forest near Villingen/Schwenningen in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. The radar measured slope and derived elevation profiles have low rms errors and high correlation values when compared with a stereo-photograph digital-elevation map (DEM) for the area. This algorithm is capable of adaptively making transitions from the forested areas to nearby regions with open-terrain. Subsequent tests of the algorithm have been conducted using polarimetric SAR L-band data for a mountainous, nonforested, region in the Mojave Desert (Ft. Irwin, CA) where an accurate DEM also was available. Complete elevation and slope mapping of the terrain in two dimensions using this technique is possible when azimuthal elevation profiles are produced throughout the range extent of the SAR image.
N-3 Hydroxylation of Pyrimidine-2,4-diones Yields Dual Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase (2010)

A new molecular scaffold featuring an N-hydroxyimide functionality and capable of inhibiting both reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was rationally designed based on 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine (HEPT) non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). The design involves a minimal 3-N hydroxylation of the pyrimidine ring of HEPT compound to yield a chelating triad which, along with the existing benzyl group, appeared to satisfy major structural requirements for IN binding. In the mean time, this chemical modification did not severely compromise the compound's ability to inhibit RT. A preliminary structure-activity-relationship (SAR) study reveals that this N-3 OH is essential for IN inhibition and that the benzyl group on N-1 side chain is more important for IN binding than the one on C-6.
LogMine (2016)

Modern engineering incorporates smart technologies in all aspects of our lives. Smart technologies are generating terabytes of log messages every day to report their status. It is crucial to analyze these log messages and present usable information (e.g. patterns) to administrators, so that they can manage and monitor these technologies. Patterns minimally represent large groups of log messages and enable the administrators to do further analysis, such as anomaly detection and event prediction. Although patterns exist commonly in automated log messages, recognizing them in massive set of log messages from heterogeneous sources without any prior information is a significant undertaking. We propose a method, named LogMine, that extracts high quality patterns for a given set of log messages. Our method is fast, memory efficient, accurate, and scalable. LogMine is implemented in map-reduce framework for distributed platforms to process millions of log messages in seconds. LogMine is a robust method that works for heterogeneous log messages generated in a wide variety of systems. Our method exploits algorithmic techniques to minimize the computational overhead based on the fact that log messages are always automatically generated. We evaluate the performance of LogMine on massive sets of log messages generated in industrial applications. LogMine has successfully generated patterns which are as good as the patterns generated by exact and unscalable method, while achieving a 500× speedup. Finally, we describe three applications of the patterns generated by LogMine in monitoring large scale industrial systems.
Effect of Frequency-Altered Feedback on Stuttering Frequency at Normal and Fast Speech Rates (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the magnitude and direction of the frequency shift of frequency-altered auditory feedback (FAF) on stuttering frequency at both normal and fast speech rates. Twelve adult male and 2 adult female subjects who stutter read 10 different passages at either a normal or fast speech rate under nonaltered auditory feedback (NAF) and each of four FAF conditions in which the feedback signal was shifted: up one-half octave; up one octave; down one-half octave; and down one octave. Mean stuttering frequency for NAF was significantly higher than mean stuttering frequencies for all FAF conditions (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the FAF conditions (p > 0.05). Subjects exhibited significantly more disfluencies under the fast speech rate condition relative to the normal speech rate condition. Future research should examine the relationship between frequency shifts of less than one-half octave and stuttering amelioration.
Signal Design for PAM Data Transmission to Minimize Excess Bandwidth (1978)

In a conventional PAM data transmission system, the transmitted signal is x(t) = Σ α <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> g(t - nT), where {α <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> } is a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> -level data sequence, and g(t) is a Nyquist pulse (g(0) ≠ 0, g(mT) = 0, m ≠ 0). Ideally, the bandwidth of the pulse g(t) and, therefore, the bandwidth of x(t) can be made equal to 1/2T = ρ/2L, where ρ is the data rate. In practice, however, an “excess bandwidth” of at least 10 to 20 percent is required. Using a class of real sequences called “discrete prolate spheroidal sequences,” we show how to construct a modulated signal with bandwidth just slightly in excess of the optimal ρ/2L (say, by 2 to 4 percent). The new signal is similar in many ways to a conventional PAM signal, and in particular an ad-hoc receiver structure is suggested for which the resulting error performance is about the same as for a conventional PAM system operating in the same environment.
Structural gene for human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement maps to within 100 kb of the 3' end of the C3b/C4b receptor gene. (1989)

The structural gene for membrane cofactor protein (MCP), a widely distributed C3b/C4b binding regulatory glycoprotein of the complement system, has been mapped to the same locus as the structural genes for CR1, CR2, DAF, and C4bp. The order of the genes within an approximately 800-kb DNA fragment on the long arm of chromosome 1 is MCP-CR1-CR2-DAF-C4bp. Further, the MCP gene maps to within 100 kb of 3' end of the CR1 gene.
Picosecond optical pulse shaping in strongly injection-locked semiconductor microring lasers (2021)

A method is reported for generating picosecond optical pulses with substantially suppressed transient emission tails in response to applying bipolar injection-current pulses of picosecond duration to a strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor microring laser.
Microfluidic cell analysis and sorting using photonic forces (2004)

A microfabricated fluorescence activated cell sorter based on an optical switch enables low-stress sorting of small cell populations (i.e. 1,000 - 100,000 cells), a regime that is not addressed by current cell sorters. The glass microchannels are packaged in a self-contained plastic cartridge that enables "chip-to-world" interconnect for ease of use. The sample is hydrodynamically focused using pneumatic pressure driven flow control and is biased to the waste reservoir by default. A 5 mW, 488 nm semiconductor laser is used for cell detection and fluorescence excitation. A sorting event is triggered based on the fluorescence and light scatter properties of the cell. The optical switch is produced from a 20 W CW 1070 nm Ytterbium fiber laser that is controlled by an acousto-optic modulator to deflect the target cell to the target reservoir. Cells can be recovered after the sort for further manipulations. Sorting performance was evaluated using a stably transfected, GFP expressing HeLa cell line spiked at varying ratios into parental HeLa cells. Throughputs ranged from 20-100 cells/sec depending on initial cell concentrations and flow parameters. Target purities greater than 90% were obtained in most cases with overall recoveries greater than 85%. A 1% subpopulation of GFP-HeLa cells could be enriched by 63-71 fold. Similar results were demonstrated using samples from pancreas and other primary tissues. Optical switching can be scaled to fluidic networks of greater complexity by multiplexing an optical source to multiple locations on a chip, and these locations can be arbitrarily reconfigurable.
Liquid-core optical ring-resonator sensors (2006)

We have demonstrated a novel sensor architecture based on a liquid-core optical ring-resonator (LCORR) in which a fused silica capillary is utilized to carry the aqueous sample and to act as the ring resonator. The wall thickness of the LCORR is controlled to a few micrometers to expose the whispering gallery mode to the aqueous core. Optical characterization with a water-ethanol mixture shows that the spectral sensitivity of the LCORR sensor is approximately 2.6 nm per refractive index unit. A model based on Mie theory is established to explain the experimental results. The LCORR takes advantage of the high sensitivity, small footprint, and low sample consumption with the ring resonator, as well as the efficient fluidic sample delivery with the capillary, and will open an avenue to future multiplexed sensor array development.
Abstract 020: Cell-sheet-based Bioengineered Human Cardiac Tissue Using Pluripotent Stem Cells For Heart Repair And Disease Models (2013)

We have developed an original scaffold-free tissue engineering approach, “cell sheet engineering”, and this technology has been already applied to regenerative medicine of various organs including heart. As the bioengineered three-dimensional cardiac tissue is expected to not only function for repairing the broad injured heart but also to be the practicable heart tissue models, we have developed the cell sheet-based perfusable bioengineered three-dimensional cardiac tissue. Recently we have also developed the unique suspension cultivation system for the high-efficient cardiac differentiation of human iPS cells. Fourteen-day culture with the serial treatments of suitable growth factors and a small compound in this stirring system with the suitable dissolved oxygen concentration produced robust embryoid bodies that showed the spontaneous beating and were mainly composed of cardiomyocytes (~80%). When these differentiated cells were cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes after the enzymatic dissociation, the spontaneous and synchronous beating was observed accompanied with the intracellular calcium influx all over the area even after cell were detached from culture dishes as cell sheets by lowering the culture temperature. The cardiac cell sheets were mainly composed of cardiomyocytes (~80%) and partially mural cells (~20%). Furthermore, extracellular action potential propagation was observed between cell sheets when two cardiac cell sheets were partially overlaid, and this propagation was inhibited by the treatment with some anti-arrhythmic drugs. When the triple layered cardiac tissue was transplanted onto the subcutaneous tissue of nude rats, the spontaneous pulsation was observed over 2 months and engrafted cardiomyocytes were vascularized with the host tissue-derived endothelial cells. These findings suggest that cardiac cell sheets formed by hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes might have sufficient properties for the creation of thickened cardiac tissue. Now we are developing the vascularized thickened human cardiac tissue by the repeated layering of cardiac cell sheets on the artificial vascular bed in vitro.
Bioconjugation and Detection of Lactosamine Moiety using α1,3-Galactosyltransferase Mutants That Transfer C2-Modified Galactose with a Chemical Handle (2009)

Studies on wild-type and mutant glycosyltransferases have shown that they can transfer modified sugars with a versatile chemical handle, such as keto or azido group, that can be used for conjugation chemistry and detection of glycan residues on glycoconjugates. To detect the most prevalent glycan epitope, N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc (Galbeta1-4GalNAcbeta)), we have mutated a bovine alpha1,3-galactosyltransferse (alpha3Gal-T)() enzyme which normally transfers Gal from UDP-Gal to the LacNAc acceptor, to transfer GalNAc or C2-modified galactose from their UDP derivatives. The alpha3Gal-T enzyme belongs to the alpha3Gal/GalNAc-T family that includes human blood group A and B glycosyltransferases, which transfer GalNAc and Gal, respectively, to the Gal moiety of the trisaccharide Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. On the basis of the sequence and structure comparison of these enzymes, we have carried out rational mutation studies on the sugar donor-binding residues in bovine alpha3Gal-T at positions 280 to 282. A mutation of His280 to Leu/Thr/Ser/Ala or Gly and Ala281 and Ala282 to Gly resulted in the GalNAc transferase activity by the mutant alpha3Gal-T enzymes to 5-19% of their original Gal-T activity. We show that the mutants (280)SGG(282) and (280)AGG(282) with the highest GalNAc-T activity can also transfer modified sugars such as 2-keto-galactose or GalNAz from their respective UDP-sugar derivatives to LacNAc moiety present at the nonreducing end of glycans of asialofetuin, thus enabling the detection of LacNAc moiety of glycoproteins and glycolipids by a chemiluminescence method.
Temperature versus salinity gradients below the ocean mixed layer (2012)

We characterize the global ocean seasonal variability of the temperature versus salinity gradients in the transition layer just below the mixed layer using observations of conductivity temperature and depth and profiling float data from the National Ocean Data Center's World Ocean Data set. The balance of these gradients determines the temperature versus salinity control at the mixed layer depth (MLD). We define the MLD as the shallowest of the isothermal, isohaline, and isopycnal layer depths (ITLD, IHLD, and IPLD), each with a shared dependence on a 0.2°C temperature offset. Data are gridded monthly using a variational technique that minimizes the squared analysis slope and data misfit. Surface layers of vertically uniform temperature, salinity, and density have substantially different characteristics. By examining differences between IPLD, ITLD, and IHLD, we determine the annual evolution of temperature or salinity or both temperature and salinity vertical gradients responsible for the observed MLD. We find ITLD determines MLD for 63% and IHLD for 14% of the global ocean. The remaining 23% of the ocean has both ITLD and IHLD nearly identical. It is found that temperature tends to control MLD where surface heat fluxes are large and precipitation is small. Conversely, salinity controls MLD where precipitation is large and surface heat fluxes are small. In the tropical ocean, salinity controls MLD where surface heat fluxes can be moderate but precipitation is very large and dominant.
Ultrasonic Imaging of Myocardial Strain Using Cardiac Elastography (2003)

Clinical assessment of myocardial ischemia based on visually-assessed wall motion scoring from echocardiography is semiquantitative, operator dependent, and heavily weighted by operator experience and expertise. Cardiac motion estimation methods such as tissue Doppler imaging, used to assess myocardial muscle velocity, provides quantitative parameters such as the strain-rate and strain derived from Doppler velocity. However, tissue Doppler imaging does not differentiate between active contraction and simple rotation or translation of the heart wall, nor does it differentiate tethering (passively following) tissue from active contraction. In this paper, we present a strain imaging modality called cardiac elastography that provides two-dimensional strain information. A method for obtaining and displaying both directional and magnitude cardiac elastograms and displaying strain over the entire cross-section of the heart is described. Elastograms from a patient with coronary artery disease are compared with those from a healthy volunteer. Though observational, the differences suggest that cardiac elastography may be a useful tool for assessment of myocardial function. The method is two-dimensional, real time and avoids the disadvantage of observer-dependent judgment of myocardial contraction and relaxation estimated from conventional echocardiography.
Detecting Good Abandonment in Mobile Search (2016)

Web search queries for which there are no clicks are referred to as abandoned queries and are usually considered as leading to user dissatisfaction. However, there are many cases where a user may not click on any search result page (SERP) but still be satisfied. This scenario is referred to as good abandonment and presents a challenge for most approaches measuring search satisfaction, which are usually based on clicks and dwell time. The problem is exacerbated further on mobile devices where search providers try to increase the likelihood of users being satisfied directly by the SERP. This paper proposes a solution to this problem using gesture interactions, such as reading times and touch actions, as signals for differentiating between good and bad abandonment. These signals go beyond clicks and characterize user behavior in cases where clicks are not needed to achieve satisfaction. We study different good abandonment scenarios and investigate the different elements on a SERP that may lead to good abandonment. We also present an analysis of the correlation between user gesture features and satisfaction. Finally, we use this analysis to build models to automatically identify good abandonment in mobile search achieving an accuracy of 75%, which is significantly better than considering query and session signals alone. Our findings have implications for the study and application of user satisfaction in search systems.
High speed replication of submicron features on large areas by X-ray lithography (1975)

To achieve the high throughput necessary for a practical X-ray lithographic system, we have devised a new overall approach to X-ray lithography based on the use of X-rays with wavelengths of 4-6 Å rather than the 8.34-Å wavelength used in previous work. The principal advantage of the shorter wavelengths is that they allow a system to have X-ray windows so that large area patterns can be replicated under ambient conditions. In addition, the shorter wavelengths simplify the selection of mask substrate materials; thus we have developed a new X-ray mask structure using an optically transparent Mylar substrate. This permits realignment to be done by optical means. We also report results obtained with a new negative resist with high sensitivity to the shorter wavelength X-rays. We have achieved the replication of submicron size features using a 4.6-Å rhodium X-ray source, a Mylar mask with 7000-Å thick gold patterns, and the new resist, and have demonstrated the practicality of this system by the fabrication of propagating magnetic bubble structures with small features.
Digitally-assisted leakage current supply circuit for reducing the analog LDO minimum dropout voltage (2017)

A digitally-assisted leakage current supply (LCS) circuit reduces the maximum current demand for analog lowdropout (LDO) voltage regulators to lower the minimum dropout voltage (VDO,MIN), and consequently, enable a wider range of LDO operation for power savings in system-on-chip processor cores. From silicon measurements in a 130nm test chip, the LCS assisted hybrid LDO decreases VDO,MIN by 30-38%, resulting in core power reduction of 21-28% at equal clock frequencies within the wider LDO operating range.
Spatially resolved lifetime spectroscopy from temperature-dependent photoluminescence imaging (2015)

Temperature-dependent lifetime spectroscopy is a well-established characterization technique used to determine the energy level of recombination centers (defects). The determination of the energy level is performed through analysis of measured lifetime over a range of temperatures at a fixed excess carrier concentration. In recent years, photoluminescence imaging has been extensively used for spatially resolved measurements of many electronic material and device parameters of silicon wafers and silicon solar cells. However, photoluminescence imaging at elevated temperatures has not been widely used. This study presents initial results of photoluminescence imaging measurements taken at high temperatures.
EdgeWrite: A New Text Entry Technique Designed for Stability (2018)

EdgeWrite is a new design for text entry which yields methods that are accessible to some people with motor impairments or who are in physically destabilizing situations like walking or riding. Important properties of EdgeWrite include ease of learning due to the similarity of its letters to Roman characters, stability of motion due to tracing along physical edges, and simple implementation on a wide variety of input devices. Studies suggest that EdgeWrite works well when implemented for use with a stylus on a handheld device, a joystick on a power wheelchair, or for a touchpad on a desktop computer. A future implementation will explore desktop text entry using a trackball.
Development of a sirolimus-eluting poly (l-lactide)/poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) absorbable stent for peripheral vascular intervention (2013)

Fully absorbable drug-eluting stent platforms are currently entering the clinical arena for the interventional treatment of coronary artery disease. This new technology also holds potential for application in peripheral vascular settings. Our study reports on the development of a sirolimus- (SIR) eluting absorbable polymer stent made from a blend of poly(l-lactide) and poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (PLLA/P4HB) for peripheral vascular intervention. Stent prototypes were laser-cut from PLLA/P4HB tubes (I.D.=2.2 mm, t=250 µm), spray-coated with different PLLA/P4HB/SIR solutions, and bench-tested to determine expansion properties, fatigue, trackability and in vitro drug release kinetics. The stent prototypes were expanded with a 5.0 × 20 mm balloon catheter, and exhibited a recoil of 3.6% upon balloon deflation. Stent collapse pressure of 0.4 bar (300 mm Hg) was measured under external pressure load. Sustained scaffolding properties were observed in vitro over 14 weeks of radial fatigue loading (50 ± 25 mm Hg at 1.2 Hz). Trackability was demonstrated in bench tests with an 8 French contralateral introducer sheath. SIR release kinetics were adjusted over a broad range by varying the PLLA/P4HB ratio of the coating matrix. The newly developed absorbable SIR-eluting PLLA/P4HB stent successfully fulfilled the requirements for peripheral vascular intervention under in vitro conditions.