gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk Prioritization by Leveraging Latent Vulnerability Features in a Contested Environment (2019)

Cyber network defenders face an overwhelming volume of software vulnerabilities. Resource limitations preclude them mitigating all but a small number of vulnerabilities on an enterprise network, so proper prioritization of defensive actions are of paramount importance. Current methods of risk prioritization are predominantly expert-based, and many include leveraging Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) risk scores. These scores are assigned by subject matter experts according to conventional methods of qualifying risk. Vulnerability mitigation strategies are then often applied in CVSS score order. Our vulnerability assessment system, in contrast, takes a predominantly data-driven approach. In general, we associate a risk metric of vulnerabilities with existence of corresponding exploits. Our assumption is that if an entity has invested time and money to exploit a particular vulnerability, this is a critical gauge of that vulnerability's importance, and hence risk.
2-D WDM Optical Interconnections Using Multiple-Wavelength VCSEL’s for Simultaneous and Reconfigurable Communication Among Many Planes (1993)

We propose and analyze a novel interconnection configuration in which one 2-dimensional plane can communicate simultaneously and reconfigurably with many planes by using WDM. This system incorporates arrays of multiple-wavelength VCSEL’s as well as wavelength-selective detecting planes. High signal contrast ratio with low power penalty can be achieved for a Δλ>30nm, limited only by the detector spectral response. In addition, system capacity is significantly enhanced over more traditional techniques by using WDM pixels.
Transflective liquid crystal display using commonly biased reflectors (2007)

A normally black single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using vertical alignment and commonly biased patterned reflectors is developed. In the transmissive region, continuous and uniform vertical electric fields are formed throughout the LC cell. On the other hand, in the reflective region, the electric fields are mainly confined near the substrate surfaces. As a result, the phase retardation in the transmissive region is approximately two times as that of the reflective region. Such a transflective LCD shows a high light efficiency (&gt;90%) for both transmissive and reflective modes and well matched gray scales.
Instant Motion Tracking and Its Applications to Augmented Reality (2019)

Augmented Reality (AR) brings immersive experiences to users. With recent advances in computer vision and mobile computing, AR has scaled across platforms, and has increased adoption in major products. One of the key challenges in enabling AR features is proper anchoring of the virtual content to the real world, a process referred to as tracking. In this paper, we present a system for motion tracking, which is capable of robustly tracking planar targets and performing relative-scale 6DoF tracking without calibration. Our system runs in real-time on mobile phones and has been deployed in multiple major products on hundreds of millions of devices.
Problems and prospects in gene therapy for hemophilia (1998)

The aim of gene therapy for hemophilia is the stable introduction and expression of a gene encoding functional blood coagulation factor VIII or IX. Although there are as yet no published studies demonstrating long-term expression of therapeutic levels in large animal models of the disease, there have been several reports over the past year of sustained expression of therapeutic levels of clotting factors in small animals, and some of these strategies are currently being applied to hemophilic dogs. Recent advances include optimized retroviral gene transfer, improved adenoviral vectors for high levels of sustained expression of factor VIII in mice, stable therapeutic levels of factor IX expression in mice after transduction of muscle or liver with adenoassociated virus vector, as well as new nonviral gene delivery strategies. Finally, several important mouse and dog models of hemophilia have been characterized during the past year.
Day-ahead optimal dispatch with CHP and wind turbines based on room temperature control (2016)

Against the backdrop that wind power is always abandoned in heat supply period in winter, this paper proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling method and strategy by optimizing indoor temperature based on original heat storage equipment. The simulation of day-ahead optimal dispatch needs to find out the serious abandoned wind power periods. And then the CHP (Combined Heat and Power) units are supposed to reduce heating power in this period for increasing the power adjustable region of CHP units. By taking full use of adjustable region of the indoor temperature and optimization of heat load distribution, the integration of wind power can be facilitated in advance. Besides, this method can guarantee that the indoor temperature is higher than minimum standard and consume more wind power by scheduling CHP units. The studied case demonstrates the validity of the proposed model.
Comparative Genomic Hybridizations Reveal Genetic Regions within the<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex That Are Divergent from<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>Isolates (2005)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. We have utilized an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, and a single isolate each of both Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Genomic DNA from each isolate was competitively hybridized with DNA from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis K10, and open reading frames (ORFs) were classified as present, divergent, or intermediate. None of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates had ORFs classified as divergent. The two M. avium subsp. avium isolates had 210 and 135 divergent ORFs, while the two M. avium subsp. silvaticum isolates examined had 77 and 103 divergent ORFs. Similarly, 130 divergent ORFs were identified in M. intracellulare. A set of 97 ORFs were classified as divergent or intermediate in all of the nonparatuberculosis MAC isolates tested. Many of these ORFs are clustered together on the genome in regions with relatively low average GC content compared with the entire genome and contain mobile genetic elements. One of these regions of sequence divergence contained genes homologous to a mammalian cell entry (mce) operon. Our results indicate that closely related MAC mycobacteria can be distinguished from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by multiple clusters of divergent ORFs.
Explicit and optimal exact-regenerating codes for the minimum-bandwidth point in distributed storage (2010)

In the distributed storage setting that we consider, data is stored across n nodes in the network such that the data can be recovered by connecting to any subset of k nodes. Additionally, one can repair a failed node by connecting to any d nodes while downloading β units of data from each. Dimakis et al. show that the repair bandwidth dβ can be considerably reduced if each node stores slightly more than the minimum required and characterize the tradeoff between the amount of storage per node and the repair bandwidth. In the exact regeneration variation, unlike the functional regeneration, the replacement for a failed node is required to store data identical to that in the failed node. This greatly reduces the complexity of system maintenance. The main result of this paper is an explicit construction of codes for all values of the system parameters at one of the two most important and extreme points of the tradeoff the Minimum Bandwidth Regenerating point, which performs optimal exact regeneration of any failed node. A second result is a non-existence proof showing that with one possible exception, no other point on the tradeoff can be achieved for exact regeneration.
A New Analytical Procedure to Estimate Interlayer Cross-Flow Rates in Layered-Reservoir Systems Using Pressure-Transient Data (2017)

Abstract We present a new procedure to estimate analytically, from pressure-transient responses, inter-reservoir crossflow rates in multilayer systems separated by tight geological layers, streaks, or baffles. A reservoir system with two neighboring layers, reffered to throughout this study as the tested and the adjacent layers, separated by a semi-permeable barrier, is considered. As production from the tested layer causes a sustained pressure differential across the interface of these poorly-connected layers, prompting fluids to cross flow from the adjacent to the tested layer. For such flow mechanisms, an analytical method is presented to diagnose the conditions of cross flow, characterize the flow barrier, and to quantify the rate of cross flow from transient-pressure data. Pressure-derivative plots are utilized in diagnosing cross flow between the layers. By matching the test data with the model output, the barrier and the layer parameters are confirmed. The magnitude of the specific barrier permeability and the layer properties are used to compute the cross-flow rate profile as a function of time. Both the interface of the flow area and the pressure differential at that interface between the layers grow with time for a given magnitude of the specific barrier permeability (Fcb). This is also true for the cross-flow rates. At certain late times, the magnitudes of the pressure drops and cross flow rates attain and maintain their respective plateaus in infinite systems. This also implies that the cross-flow rate grows to a maximum value at some point in time. It is observed that the maximum possible cross-flow rate depends on the ratio of the reservoir flow capacity of the adjacent layer to that of the total reservoir system, comprising both layers. Pressure-derivative versus elapsed time plots are used to determine the onset of cross flow from the adjacent layer, which are impressively supplemented by the respective profiles of the calculated cross-flow rates with time. Field application of the new procedure is illustrated with actual data.
Branched polymers through redox emulsion polymerization using peroxide monomer as the branching agent (2021)

Abstract Redox emulsion polymerization to branched vinyl polymers in the presence of 2‐( tert ‐butylperoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BPEMA), ferrous sulfate, and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) is reported in this paper. The peroxide monomer BPEMA containing alkyl peroxide was designed for high stability during preparation and storage. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman, and triple‐detection size‐exclusion chromatography (TD‐SEC) measurements were used to reveal the polymerization procedure and provide evidence of branching structure. In the case of polymerization at St 100 ‐BPEMA 1.0 ‐FeSO 4 0.5 ‐SFS 0.2 , the molecular weight increased and decreased with conversion below and above 75% monomer conversion, respectively. The decreasing of molecular weight with monomer conversion came from the increased viscosity of the micelle, which makes it difficult for the formed macromolecules containing vinyl group to participate into polymerization. Finally, the molecular weight reached a value of M n. SEC = 439,200 g/mol at 92.2% conversion. In addition, the Zimm branching factor, g ', also decreased and increased with conversion below and above 60% conversion, respectively, and then the g ' finally attends a value of 0.41, showing high degree of branching. Branched poly(methyl methacrylate) was also prepared through this strategy, showing a versatile approach to branched vinyl polymers.
A Hierarchical Network for Diverse Trajectory Proposals (2019)

Autonomous explorative robots frequently encounter scenarios where multiple future trajectories can be pursued. Often these are cases with multiple paths around an obstacle or trajectory options towards various frontiers. Humans in such situations can inherently perceive and reason about the surrounding environment to identify several possibilities of either manoeuvring around the obstacles or moving towards various frontiers. In this work, we propose a 2 stage Convolutional Neural Network architecture which mimics such an ability to map the perceived surroundings to multiple trajectories that a robot can choose to traverse. The first stage is a Trajectory Proposal Network which suggests diverse regions in the environment which can be occupied in the future. The second stage is a Trajectory Sampling network which provides a finegrained trajectory over the regions proposed by Trajectory Proposal Network. We evaluate our framework in diverse and complicated real life settings. For the outdoor case, we use the KITTI dataset and our own outdoor driving dataset. In the indoor setting, we use an autonomous drone to navigate various scenarios and also a ground robot which can explore the environment using the trajectories proposed by our framework. Our experiments suggest that the framework is able to develop a semantic understanding of the obstacles, open regions and identify diverse trajectories that a robot can traverse. Our comparisons portray the performance gain of the proposed architecture over a diverse set of methods against which it is compared.
Magnetic moments and curie temperatures of (Fe, Ni)&lt;inf&gt;80&lt;/inf&gt;(P, B)&lt;inf&gt;20&lt;/inf&gt;amorphous alloys (1977)

The magnetic moment per transition metal atom at 0°K and the Curie temperature were obtained for a series of (Fe, Ni) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</inf> (P, B) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> amorphous quenched alloy ribbons. Fe/Ni and P/B compositions were varied separately. The moment data can be fitted well by assigning 2.1 Bohr magnetons per Fe atom and 0.6 per Ni atom, with the moment being lowered by 0.3 per B atom and 1.0 per P atom. Alternatively, moments varying with composition, as shown by neutron diffraction in crystalline alloys, combined with a lowering of 1.2 per B atom and 2.1 per P atom, also fit well. For a given P/B composition, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> shows a broad maximum at Fe:Ni of about 3:1. For a given transition metal composition, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> increases with increasing B content.
Comparative evaluation of new, used, and rerefined lubricating oils (1975)

Several samples of automotive lubricating oil produced from both new and used stocks were compared in chemical properties, including metals analysis, concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur; ash, acid number, and base number. Selected bench-scale tests were used to compare and evaluate the quality of these used, re-refined, and new motor oils. Most of the re-refined oils studied could not be distinguished from new oils by the laboratory tests. Samples produced in-house and included in this comparative evaluation were obtained by treating used oil by one of three techniques: (1) solvent precipitation; (2) vacuum distillation; and (3) combined solvent precipitation and vacuum distillation. The combined treatment effectively removed sludge and contaminants from the used oil without causing serious change in the hydrocarbon composition of the oil base stock. Reformulation of the re-refined oil with additives produced a lubricating oil comparable in quality to other oils of this study. 10 fig, 5 tables.
Activated carbon monoliths for gas storage at room temperature (2012)

Porous materials are interesting candidates for gas storage in different applications. The present study analyses at room temperature the high pressure storage of H2, CH4 and CO2 in a number of porous carbons (eight monoliths and two powdered activated carbons). The samples cover a wide range of porosities and densities (monoliths having high porosity with moderate density or moderate porosity with high density) with the aim to discuss the relative importance that the sample surface area has on the volumetric storage capacity, in relation to the importance of the density of the material. Our results show that the gravimetric storage capacities of the three studied gases are controlled by the textural properties of the adsorbent, whereas the volumetric storage capacities are mainly controlled by the adsorbent density. High volumetric excess adsorption capacity values (for example, H2: 10 g l−1; CH4: 110 g l−1 and CO2: 440 g l−1) correspond to monoliths having high densities, despite their moderately developed porosities. This paper also compares these results with those obtained similarly (same gases and same experimental conditions) using the highest known surface area material (MOF-210). In summary, our volumetric results, obtained with commercially available ATMI monoliths and their CO2 activation, are, to the best of our knowledge, amongst the highest that have been reported; higher than the high surface area samples of the M3M monolith prepared from Maxsorb (SBET: 2610 m2 g−1) or MOF-210 (SBET: 6240 m2 g−1). Although a variety of MOFs have been reported to exceed our results, oftentimes these values are overestimated due to the fact that the volumetric capacity of MOFs was calculated using crystal density rather than experimentally measured density.
Obstacle avoidance for redundant robots using configuration control (1989)

Abstract The article presents a new and simple solution to the obstacle avoidance problem for redundant robots. In the proposed approach, called configuration control, the redundancy is utilized to configure the robot so as to satisfy a set of kinematic inequality constraints representing obstacle avoidance, while the end‐effector is tracking a desired trajectory. The robot control scheme is very simple, and uses on‐line adaptation to eliminate the need for the complex dynamic model and parameter values of the robot. Several simulation results for a four‐link planar robot are presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach. These include reaching around a stationary obstacle, simultaneous avoidance of two obstacles, robot reconfiguration to avoid a moving obstacle, and avoidance of rectangular obstacles. The simplicity and computational efficiency of the proposed scheme allows on‐line implementation with a high sampling rate for real‐time obstacle avoidance in a dynamically varying environment.
<title>Parameter estimation of a network with kernal functions of bounds and locality</title> (1993)

This paper presents function approximation based on nonparametric estimation. As an estimation model of function approximation, a three layered network composed of input, hidden and output layers is considered. The input and output layers have linear activation units while the hidden layer has nonlinear activation units or kernel functions which have the characteristics of bounds and locality. Using this type of network, a many-to-one function is synthesized over the domain of the input space by a number of kernel functions. In this network, we have to estimate the necessary number of kernel functions as well as the parameters associated with kernel functions. For this purpose, a new method of parameter estimation in which linear learning rule is applied between hidden and output layers while nonlinear (piecewise-linear) learning rule is applied between input and hidden layers, is considered. The linear learning rule updates the output weights between hidden and output layers based on the Linear Minimization of Mean Square Error (LMMSE) sense in the space of kernel functions while the nonlinear learning rule updates the parameters of kernel functions based on the gradient of mean square error with respect to the parameters (especially, the shape) of kernel functions. This approach of parameter adaptation provides near optimal values of the parameters associated with kernel functions in the sense of minimizing mean square error. As a result, the suggested nonparametric estimation provides an efficient way of function approximation from the view point of the number of kernel functions as well as learning speed.
Utilization of Plasma and Urine Methadone Concentrations to Optimize Treatment in Maintenance Clinics: (1994)

One difficulty for methadone maintenance treatment programs is the absence of a simple, analytical method useful for guiding adjustment of methadone dose. Currently, dose adjustment decisions are based upon: documentation of continuing opioid use by qualitative urine drug screens, patient complaints of dose not holding or physiological evidence of opioid withdrawal. Although decisions utilizing clinical parameters are helpful in adjustment of dose, a sizeable number of patients continue to receive inadequate doses. Incorrectly, many clinicians assume that low doses prevent toxicity and favor eventual abstinence. One solution to the question of efficacious dose adjustment would be utilization of repetitive blood sampling for monitoring plasma methadone concentrations to insure they remain within established therapeutic windows. Unfortunately, it is impractical to obtain ongoing blood samples from these patients because of poor venous access and the unpleasantness of frequent phlebotomy. To circumvent these problems, we developed analytical methods useful for estimating plasma methadone concentrations from random, spot urine samples. Over the past several years, we have analyzed approximately 16,000 samples (urine plus plasma) drawn from 200 methadone maintenance patients. These data have allowed generation of methadone dose vs. plasma methadone concentration curves, demonstrating why dose adjustment decisions should be buttressed with objective laboratory data. In addition, these methods are useful for uncovering covert methadone supplementation and diversion. These improvements in clinical care have been accomplished using a computerized, pharmacokinetics program which accounts for compounding effects of urine pH, specific gravity, volume of distribution and gender upon renal methadone excretion. The program allows calculation of total plasma methadone concentrations from concurrent urine measurements, which are within 5-10% of actually meausred values. This system has eliminated the need for venous blood sampling, resulted in optimization of patient doses and helped uncover supplementing or diverting of methadone.
Nd- and Er-doped phosphate glass for fiber laser (1990)

Laser fibers prepared from Nd- and Er-doped phosphate glass possessing a large stimulated emission cross section have been investigated both in a single fiber and in a fiber bundle. In the single fiber, continuous wave oscillations were successfully obtained at 1.054 p.m and 1.366 µm on a high Nd-doped single-mode fiber of 10 mm in length and also at 1.535 pm in a Er-doped single-mode fiber, sensitized by Nd, Yb. Especially, a low threshold of 1 mw and a high slope-efficiency of 50% were achieved in 1.054 pm laser oscillation on a Nd-doped fiber, end-pumped with a laser diode. A fiber bundle of phosphate glass doped with 8 wt% Nd2O3 yielded an average output power of 100 W at 50 pps where the bundle was 4.6 mm in diameter and was side-pumped with flash lamps.