gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Hybrid ARQ in Gaussian and Turbo Coded Systems (2008)

We consider the design of adaptive hybrid automatic retransmission request (ARQ) with incremental redundancy (IR) in which the transmission rates of different blocks in one hybrid ARQ process can be different. The throughput of adaptive IR hybrid ARQ in block fading channels is formed based on the renewal-reward theorem. Two types of input signals are considered, namely, Gaussian inputs and practical turbo coded modulation. For Gaussian inputs, the error probability after each transmission is obtained from the outage rate. For turbo coded modulation, we obtain the error rate after each transmission block by applying union-Bhattacharyya (UB) bound for parallel channels. The throughput optimization is then formed to seek the optimal transmission rates. The results show that adaptive IR HARQ provides higher throughput than non-adaptive IR HARQ and chase combining in the moderate-to-high SNR region.
Expression of neural BC200 RNA in human tumours (1997)

BC200 RNA is a 200-nucleotide-long non-messenger RNA that is selectively expressed in the primate nervous system, where it has been identified in somatodendritic domains of a subset of neurons. BC200 RNA is not normally expressed in non-neuronal somatic cells; it has been shown, however, to be expressed in germ cells and in cultured immortal cell lines of various non-neural origins. In order to investigate whether the neuron-specific expression of BC200 RNA is also deregulated during tumourigenesis in non-neural human tissues, 80 different tumour specimens, representing 19 different tumour types, were screened for the presence of the RNA. BC200 RNA was expressed in carcinomas of the breast, cervix, oesophagus, lung, ovary, parotid, and tongue, but not in corresponding normal tissues. BC200 RNA was not detectable in bladder, colon, kidney, or liver carcinoma tissues examined in this study. These results demonstrate that BC200 expression is deregulated under certain neoplastic conditions. The expression of BC200 RNA in non-neural tumours may indicate a functional interrelationship with induction and/or progression of such tumours.
Pulse injection for real‐time monitoring of tunable high‐Q filters (2014)

ABSTRACT A new measurement technique for monitoring the frequency of high‐Q microwave tunable filters in real time is presented in this work. Relying on the natural response of a cavity resonator, the technique provides the operating frequency information in a binary digital format, making it easy to read and process. The presented methodology is experimentally demonstrated on band‐stop filters, implemented by highly loaded substrate‐integrated cavities in the 1.5 GHz range. Measured results show that the changes in frequency as small as 2–20 MHz (0.13–1.3%) can be detected for a tunable cavity filter (1.42–1.65 GHz) within 1 ms, based on commercial‐off‐the‐shelf components. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:761–764, 2014
Correlated-failure-aware VON mapping (2017)

We analyze the availability of virtual optical networks (VONs) mapped over a physical optical network with correlated failures, and we propose a correlated-failure-aware VON mapping algorithm to support high availability while reducing the penalty cost and total link cost.
Deformation Measurement Method Using Moiré Fringes at High Scanning Speed Under a Laser Scanning Microscope (2015)

A full-field deformation measurement method using moiré fringes generated at high scanning speed under a laser scanning microscope (LSM) was proposed. The formation principle and the deformation measurement principle were presented. Simulation and experiment verifications were performed to show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed fast scanning moiré method, where the scanning line spacing is an integral multiple of the basic scanning line spacing. The moiré spacing, and the deformation measurement sensitivity and accuracy are almost the same as in the traditional LSM scanning moiré method. The fast scanning process allows a high scanning speed and a large view field without reducing the deformation measurement sensitivity. The higher measurement speed makes this method more suitable to be combined with the phase-shifting technique than the traditional LSM scanning moiré method. Besides, the application scope of the LSM moiré method in the field of deformation measurement is extended because more specimen gratings can be used to generate moiré fringes.
Cogranulation of Low Rates of Graphene and Graphene Oxide with Macronutrient Fertilizers Remarkably Improves Their Physical Properties (2017)

The beneficial effects of graphene (GN) and graphene oxide (GO) additives on the physical properties of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer granules were investigated. Low doses (0.05 to 0.5% w/w) of GN and GO sheets were cogranulated with MAP and effects on the crushing strength, abrasion and impact resistance of prepared granules were evaluated. Cogranulation with 0.5% w/w GN sheets (MAP-GN) significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of MAP granules (∼18 times improvement) whereas inclusion of same amounts of GO sheets (MAP-GO) improved the strength to a lesser extent (∼8 times improvement). The cogranulation of GN also improved MAP granules resistance to abrasion (>70%) and impact resistance (>75%). Heating MAP-GO granules at 50 °C after granulation is shown to enhance their physical properties in comparison to MAP-GO granules dried under ambient temperatures. The advantages of GN and GO sheets compared with current additives in enhancing the physical properties of MAP granules are explained by their high specific area, superior nanofiller–matrix and adhesion/interlocking ability arising from their unique wrinkled structures and two-dimensional (2D) geometry. These results confirm the potential of GN/GO additives to enhance the physical properties of MAP granules that could be translated to other fertilizers and applied in the industry.
Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>) caryopses as a natural lipase bioreactor (1990)

The caryopses of oats, when moistened and immersed in oils, constitute a natural lipase bioreactor. Hydrolysis was monitored by titration of the free fatty acids in the oil phase and by thin‐layer chromatography. The optimum amount of additional water was about 20% of the weight of the caryopses, and the optimum temperature was about 40°C. The reaction was accelerated by gentle agitation, by reducing the viscosity of the oil phase by the addition of nonpolar solvents, and by increasing the amount of lipase on the caryopses. The reaction was inhibited by the accumulation of glycerol in the interior of the caryopses and free fatty acids in the oil phase. The lipase hydrolzyed all three positions of glycerol and there was little accumulation of mono‐ or diglyceride in the lipid phase. The time necessary to obtain 90% hydrolysis varied for a few days to several weeks. Greater degrees of hydrolysis could be obtained by replacing the caryopses when they became inhibited or by diluting the oil phase with hexane. The glycerol that was released could be recovered by extracting the caryopses with water. The moist oat bioreactor also was capable of catalyzing transesterification and interesterification reactions.
An Integrated Single Cell Optofluidic Platform Based on Phototransistor Optoelectronic Tweezers (2010)

We present a novel single cell manipulation platform based on phototransistor optoelectronic tweezers. This new platform integrates the functionalities of phOET for parallel cell manipulation in highly conductive culture media with a commercial microfluidic device.
Improving and simplifying the generation of reference trajectories by usage of road-aligned coordinate systems (2014)

Short term motion planners for automated vehicles typically require a reference path as input to optimize the ride quality between distinct vehicle states. This paper presents a novel approach to simplify the generation of such reference paths. It is based on the idea of converting the driving route and all relevant objects from the current vehicle's environment into a road-aligned coordinate system eliminating road's curvature. Based on this, a suitable path using geometric primitives can be constructed, which is then converted back into the original coordinate system. When considered during generation, the resulting reference path guarantees to respect vehicle kinodynamics and is checked against collisions.
D3b decimation of height fields with missing values (2002)

We present a novel framework to build topologically correct continuous level of detail approximations of height field data that contains missing values. The framework is based on an unconstrained Delaunay triangulation algorithm, which enables us to construct approximations efficiently. The extra steps required to handle topologically non-trivial datasets are efficient, keeping the overhead to a minimum. Our algorithm is general in the sense that it only requires the input surface to be connected, but no assumptions are made on the topological type or the size of the input data. Most of the results that we will present in this paper have been generated from geological datasets. However, the techniques we describe are inherently application independent.
Cryogenic spray cooling in conjunction with dermatological laser surgery: droplet and internal temperature estimations (1999)

Successful laser treatment of hypervascular cutaneous malformations such as port wine stains (PWS) requires selective photocoagulation of targeted dermal blood vessels without inducing photothermal injury to the overlying epidermis.
3D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation (2020)

Although cameras are ubiquitous, robotic platforms typically rely on active sensors like LiDAR for direct 3D perception. In this work, we propose a novel self-supervised monocular depth estimation method combining geometry with a new deep network, PackNet, learned only from unlabeled monocular videos. Our architecture leverages novel symmetrical packing and unpacking blocks to jointly learn to compress and decompress detail-preserving representations using 3D convolutions. Although self-supervised, our method outperforms other self, semi, and fully supervised methods on the KITTI benchmark. The 3D inductive bias in PackNet enables it to scale with input resolution and number of parameters without overfitting, generalizing better on out-of-domain data such as the NuScenes dataset. Furthermore, it does not require large-scale supervised pretraining on ImageNet and can run in real-time. Finally, we release DDAD (Dense Depth for Automated Driving), a new urban driving dataset with more challenging and accurate depth evaluation, thanks to longer-range and denser ground-truth depth generated from high-density LiDARs mounted on a fleet of self-driving cars operating world-wide.
Proteome-wide profiling of activated transcription factors with a concatenated tandem array of transcription factor response elements (2013)

Transcription factors (TFs) are families of proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, or TF response elements (TFREs), and function as regulators of many cellular processes. Because of the low abundance of TFs, direct quantitative measurement of TFs on a proteome scale remains a challenge. In this study, we report the development of an affinity reagent that permits identification of endogenous TFs at the proteome scale. The affinity reagent is composed of a synthetic DNA containing a concatenated tandem array of the consensus TFREs (catTFRE) for the majority of TF families. By using catTFRE to enrich TFs from cells, we were able to identify as many as 400 TFs from a single cell line and a total of 878 TFs from 11 cell types, covering more than 50% of the gene products that code for the DNA-binding TFs in the genome. We further demonstrated that catTFRE pull-downs could quantitatively measure proteome-wide changes in DNA binding activity of TFs in response to exogenous stimulation by using a label-free MS-based quantification approach. Applying catTFRE on the evaluation of drug effects, we described a panoramic view of TF activations and provided candidates for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of drug actions. We anticipate that the catTFRE affinity strategy will find widespread applications in biomedical research.
Development of metamaterial microwave radiation sources (2015)

Metamaterials in particular a kind of metallic complementary electric split ring resonator (CeSRRs) bring new opportunities for traditional high-power vacuum electric devices. In this paper, we report the transmission characteristics in both simulation and experiment for a novel slow-wave structure (SWS) with the CeSRRs and then study the beam-wave interaction by using the PIC simulation. It is shown that the metamaterial microwave radiation sources have prominent advantages such as miniaturization, high-power, and high electron efficiency.
Emergent formation of dynamic topographic patterns in electron beam induced etching (2015)

Spontaneous formation of geometric patterns is a fascinating, ubiquitous process that provides fundamental insights into the roles of symmetry breaking, anisotropy and nonlinear interactions in emergent phenomena. Here we report dynamic, highly ordered topographic patterns on the surface of diamond that span multiple length scales and have a symmetry controlled by the chemical species of a precursor gas used in electron beam induced etching (EBIE). This behavior reveals an underlying etch rate anisotropy and an electron energy transfer pathway that has been overlooked by existing EBIE theory. We present an etch rate kinetics model that fully explains our results and is universally applicable to EBIE. Our findings can be exploited for controlled wetting, optical structuring and other emerging applications that require nano and micro-scale surface texturing.
Thickness Based Topology Optimization for Crashworthiness Design Using Hybrid Cellular Automata (2008)

The hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) method has been successfully applied to nonlinear transient topology optimization for crashworthiness design. This method utilizes the cellular automata (CA) computing paradigm and nonlinear transient nite element analyses (FEA). The objective in crashworthiness design is to generate energy absorbing structures which can be obtained by uniformly distributing internal energy density (IED). In this paper, the HCA algorithm has been utilized to develop an ecien t methodology for synthesizing shell-based structures with optimal material thickness distribution under a dynamic loading event using a thickness based topology optimization. The objective of traditional topology optimization is to redistribute the material within a specied design domain in order to maximize some desired mechanical performance under specied constraints. In thickness based topology optimization, the objective is to redistribute element thickness to meet the desired performance constraints. This methodology is used to tackle complicated problems that involve dynamic events, such as impacts and collisions. The existing commercial thickness optimization tools utilize models under static loading conditions because of the complexities associated with dynamic/impact loading. The HCA based thickness optimization algorithm employs nonlinear transient analyses (via LS-Dyna) to capture material and geometric nonlinearities that occur during a dynamic crash event. Therefore by applying this method to impact problems, the resulting structure will account for all phenomena involved. The eectiv eness of the algorithm is demonstrated using a at plate and C-section rail example problem subjected to dynamic impact loading. The structures synthesized by the HCA algorithm are able to meet the manufacturing as well as performance constraints.
Model based method for electro-migration stress determination in interconnects (2014)

Electro-migration (EM) failure in interconnects is one of the most important reliability considerations in current advanced semiconductor technologies. As the technology features are pushed to the limit and with the introduction of new materials and increased current densities to satisfy the performance demands, the EM failure risk is ever-increasing. In this paper we present a novel methodology based on a model-based approach where EM risk can be assessed for any interconnect geometry through an exact solution of the fundamental stress equations. This approach eliminates the need for complex look-up tables for different geometries and can be implemented in CAD tools very easily.
<title>High-Q optical nanocavities in planar photonic crystals</title> (2002)

Planar photonic crystals are constructed by combining two-dimensional periodic structures with high refractive index contrast slabs. By suppressing the loss in these structures due to imperfect confinement in the third dimension, one can fully take advantage of their relatively simple fabrication, and achieve the functionality of three-dimensional photonic crystals. One of the greatest challenges in photonic crystal research is a construction of optical nanocavities with small mode volumes and large quality factors, for efficient localization of light. Beside standard applications of these structures (such as lasers or filters), they can potentially be used for cavity QED experiments, or as building blocks for quantum networks. This paper will address our theoretical and experimental results on optical nanocavities based on planar photonic crystals, with mode volumes as small as one half of cubic wavelength of light in material, and with Q factors even larger than 1x10<SUP>4</SUP>.
A cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar concept &#x2014; A path to multi-mission capability (2013)

It is cost-effective to use a polarimetric phased array radar (PPAR) network for multi-missions of weather and aviation surveillance as well as target detection. Considering the deficiency of a planar PPAR (PPPAR) in making polarimetric weather measurements, a concept of cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar is introduced to realize the dual mission capability. The Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (CPPAR) has many advantages, including azimuthal scan invariant beam characteristics and orthogonal polarization basis for all beam directions. A path to realize the CPPAR for multi-missions is planned.
Differential Auger spectrometry. [spatial modulation] (1976)

A differential Auger spectroscopy method is given for increasing the sensitivity of micro-Auger spectroanalysis of the surfaces of dilute alloys, by alternately periodically switching an electron beam back and forth between an impurity free reference sample and a test sample containing a trace impurity. The Auger electrons from the samples produce representative Auger spectrum signals which cancel to produce an Auger test sample signal corresponding to the amount of the impurity in the test samples.
Photooxidation of organic wastes using semiconductor nanoclusters. 1997 annual progress report (1997)

'The photooxidation of toxic organic chemicals to carbon dioxide and dilute mineral acids using sunlight as an energy source and nanosize semiconductors to catalyze the process. The authors efforts in the first year of this program focused on demonstration of three important attributes of nanosize: MoS{sub 2} as used to photocatalyze the oxidation of organics in solution: (1) Ability to utilize visible light to initiate photo-redox reactions in solution. (2) Successful oxidative destruc-tion of organic pollutants. (3) Structural and chemical integrity during and after the removal of organic pollutants (i.e. no photochemical degradation of the catalyst). To these ends the authors have used nanosize MoS{sub 2} of three dif-ferent sizes and associated band gaps, and studied photoredox reactions catalyzed with nanosize MoS{sub 2} that had been both dispersed in solution and supported on a macroscopic powder. The latter would be the method of choice for use in practical photocatalytic applications. As they emphasized in the original proposal, MoS{sub 2} in nanosize form can be tuned to absorb various amounts of the solar spectrum. In figure 1 they show the relationship of the absorption edge of the various materials studied as photocatalysts relative to the natural solar spectrum. Their have demonstrated electron and hole transfer from nanosize MoS{sub 2} using visible light. In order to oxidize organic impurities using this part of the spectrum they needed to add an agent, bypyridine (bpy), which could accept an electron and be reduced. In actual applications they anticipate the de of sacrificial electron acceptor played by the byp could be played by soluble heavy metal ion pollutants, (e.g. Pb, Cd) which, when reduced, would precipitate out of solution, thus purifying the water and driving the reaction. Using liquid chromatography analysis they have demonstrated that bypridine binds strongly to nanosize MoS{sub 2} and acts like an electron transfer relay to effect charge separation. The hole left behind on MoS{sub 2} is then used to oxidize the organic im-purities. In its reduced form bypridine complexes to the oxidized organic impurity and precipitates out of solution. The authors studied the chemistry of this process by high pressure liquid chromatography which separates each of the chemicals in the solution from the MoS{sub 2} photocatalyst. The results of this experiment are shown in figure 2. The initially present organic impurity peak at t-5.2 minutes (an organic chloride) is destroyed as more bypridine is added until it cannot be detected. However, the amount of nanosize MoS{sub 2} remains un-changed, as measured by the area under the MoS{sub 2} elation peak. Another, broader, organic peak observed in this figure at t4.7 minutes also is destroyed by the MoS{sub 2} as additional bpy is added, and, at higher levels of bpy (not shown) this chemical is completely oxidized and precipitated out of solution as well. The white precipitate which forms can be removed from the solvent.'
Tetramer-Guided Epitope Mapping: Rapid Identification and Characterization of Immunodominant CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from Complex Antigens (2001)

T cell responses to Ags involve recognition of selected peptide epitopes contained within the antigenic protein. In this report, we describe a new approach for direct identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes of complex Ags that uses human class II tetramers to identify reactive cells. With a panel of 60 overlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of the VP16 protein, a major Ag for HSV-2, we generated a panel of class II MHC tetramers loaded with peptide pools that were used to stain peripheral lymphocytes of an HSV-2 infected individual. With this approach, we identified four new DRA1*0101/DRB1*0401- and two DRA1*0101/DRB1*0404-restricted, VP16-specific epitopes. By using tetramers to sort individual cells, we easily obtained a large number of clones specific to these epitopes. Although DRA1*0101/DRB1*0401 and DRA1*0101/DRB1*0404 are structurally very similar, nonoverlapping VP16 epitopes were identified, illustrating high selectivity of individual allele polymorphisms within common MHC variants. This rapid approach to detecting CD4+ T cell epitopes from complex Ags can be applied to any known Ag that gives a T cell response.