gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of prognosis of COPD in the elderly: mucus hypersecretion, infections, cardiovascular comorbidity (2003)

In this paper, the authors update the present knowledge about three risk factors for the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may be particularly relevant in elderly people: mucus hypersecretion, respiratory infections, and cardiovascular comorbidity. Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is a common respiratory symptom in old age, the relevance of which is analysed on the basis of data collected during the first three rounds of the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In subjects aged > or = 65 yrs, CMH was a strong predictor of the incidence of respiratory infections in a 10-yr follow-up period and it was also a strong predictor of death from COPD (relative risk=2.5). However, CMH was associated with consistently lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values, but not with an accelerated decline of FEV1 in this sample of an elderly population. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are extremely common at all ages, mostly mild self-limiting illnesses at a young age, but severe often fatal illnesses in elderly people already affected by a chronic disease such as COPD. This paper summarises the present knowledge about aetiology, pathology, prognostic relevance, and prevention of ARI. Furthermore, the areas in which further research is needed are listed. Clinical cohort studies clearly support the relevance of cardiovascular comorbidity for the short-and long-term prognosis of elderly subjects affected by severe COPD. In this paper, the recently demonstrated association between particulate air pollution and cardiovascular events is reported to suggest the presence of an extremely susceptible cluster of elderly subjects in the population identified by the copresence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular comorbidity.
Reassessing random-coil statistics in unfolded proteins (2004)

The Gaussian-distributed random coil has been the dominant model for denatured proteins since the 1950s, and it has long been interpreted to mean that proteins are featureless, statistical coils in 6 M guanidinium chloride. Here, we demonstrate that random-coil statistics are not a unique signature of featureless polymers. The random-coil model does predict the experimentally determined coil dimensions of denatured proteins successfully. Yet, other equally convincing experiments have shown that denatured proteins are biased toward specific conformations, in apparent conflict with the random-coil model. We seek to resolve this paradox by introducing a contrived counterexample in which largely native protein ensembles nevertheless exhibit random-coil characteristics. Specifically, proteins of known structure were used to generate disordered conformers by varying backbone torsion angles at random for approximately 8% of the residues; the remaining approximately 92% of the residues remained fixed in their native conformation. Ensembles of these disordered structures were generated for 33 proteins by using a torsion-angle Monte Carlo algorithm with hard-sphere sterics; bulk statistics were then calculated for each ensemble. Despite this extreme degree of imposed internal structure, these ensembles have end-to-end distances and mean radii of gyration that agree well with random-coil expectations in all but two cases.
RFICs for reduced size, cost and power consumption in handheld wireless transceivers (2002)

The high volume potential of existing and proposed wireless Personal Communications Systems in the 800-2500 MHz frequency range presents tremendous challenges and opportunities to designers and suppliers of RFICs. Amplifiers, oscillators, frequency converters and synthesizers are now required to operate from lower supply voltages, consume less current and reduce their physical size while meeting aggressive targets for performance, quality, cost and uniformity. This paper describes Silicon Bipolar and GaAs RFIC process technologies which are particularly well suited to this market. Furthermore, the roles of existing and future RFICs, hybrid modules and discrete devices for a typical RF system architecture in a half-duplex digital radio are discussed. Some key technical constraints that impact the performance of RFIC components at supply voltages of 3V or less are also illustrated in detail.
Effect of surface pretreatment of submicron contact hole on selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (1996)

The effects of various predeposition treatments of silicon substrates on selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition were investigated using the silane reduction process. The predeposition treatments include HF or buffered HF wet etch and/or NF3 plasma etch. The experimental results show remarkable differences in the initial nucleation of W and the smoothness of the W surface and the W/Si interface among the various treatments, as revealed by scanning electron microscope inspection and atomic force microscope analysis. Plasma etch leads to a rough W/Si interface while wet treatment with HF dip results in a fairly smooth interface. The experimental results show that better I–V characteristics for the W/n-Si Schottky contact can be obtained by the wet etch treatment prior to the W deposition. The reverse bias junction leakage for the wet etch pretreated W/p+n junction diode is smaller than that of the plasma pretreated diode. In addition, the substrate surface treatments were found to result in Si consumption of various degrees.
Scratch method for simple, rapid diagnosis of citrus huanglongbing using iodine to detect high accumulation of starch in the citrus leaves. (2007)

カンキツグリーニング病 (HLB) の罹病葉内に異常蓄積するデンプン検出による迅速簡易診断法の開発を行った. あらかじめPCR検定によってHLB感染の有無を判定したシィークワーシャー, オートーおよびポンカンの3種において, ヨウ素比色法による葉内デンプン含量を比較した結果, 3種とも健全葉と比較してHLB感染葉で高い濃度のデンプンが検出され, 平均値は健全葉が85.6mg/kgであったのに対し, 感染葉では514.2mg/kgと約6倍の著しいデンプンの蓄積が認められた. この結果をもとに, 葉内デンプンを抽出するために, サンドペーパーを用いたスクラッチ法を考案した. まず, 葉表をサンドペーパーで20回程度擦り, そのサンドペーパーを水1mlの入ったビニールパックに入れる. その後, 50mMのヨウ素溶液を25μl添加し染色させる. 水溶液が濃いこげ茶または黒であれば陽性, 黄色または橙色であれば陰性となる. 現地から採取した試料におけるスクラッチ法とPCR法とのHLB罹病判定比較を行った結果, 樹および葉あたりともに90%以上の高い一致率が認められた. また要素欠乏症状を呈した葉およびCTLV, HSVd感染葉では, スクラッチ法によるHLB陽性反応は認められなかった. 以上の結果, スクラッチ法は圃場におけるカンキツグリーニング病の迅速簡易診断法として有用と考えられた.
Plant Resistance to Insects (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Resistance to InsectsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 9, 454APublication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/es00115a738Copyright © 1983 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (172 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
SSIBAC: Self-Sovereign Identity Based Access Control (2020)

Ineffective data management practices pose serious issues to individuals and companies, e.g., risk of identity theft and online exposure. Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a new identity management approach that ensures users have full control of their personal data. In this work, we alleviate data breach and user privacy problems by showing how SSI can fit within the context of established enterprise identity and access management technologies. In light of recent endeavors, we explore the use of decentralized identifiers, verifiable credentials, and blockchains that support SSI. We propose Self-Sovereign Identity Based Access Control (SSIBAC), an access control model for cross-organization identity management. SSIBAC leverages conventional access control models and blockchain technology to provide decentralized authentication, followed by centralized authorization. The access control process does not require storing user sensitive data. A prototype was implemented and evaluated, processing 55,000 access control requests per second with a latency of 3 seconds.
Optimal Efficiency Control of an Induction Motor Drive (1987)

This paper describes a practical method for achieving optimal efficiency over the complete operating range of a variable speed drive. The proposed system adaptively adjusts the flux level in the motor based upon a direct measurement of the power input to the drive. An internal field orientation torque control loop and a speed regulator are employed to maintain the load speed requirements. Experimental results describing the efficiency optimization and the dynamic behavior of the drive at reduced flux are presented. The influence of the tuning of the field oriented controller on the efficiency of the drive is experimentally investigated.
Using a scale: self-calibration of a robot system with a factor method (2002)

A method for the self-calibration of a camera equipped robot manipulator is proposed in this paper. In this method, it is assumed only a scale, which is placed in the field of view of the camera, is known in the world coordinate system. It has been known from the computer vision field that, the extrinsic parameters of the camera along with its intrinsic parameters can be obtained up to a scale factor by using the corresponding points of objects in a natural environment from an image sequence. Now, if the camera is treated as the tool of the robot, one is then able to compute the corresponding robot pose directly from the camera extrinsic parameters once the scale factor is available. This scale factor, which changes from one camera pose to another, can be determined uniquely from the known scale. Another idea is the use of the factor method for pose estimation. The original factor method is sensitive to errors from image quantization, feature extraction, and model simplification. In order to make the factor method robust for robot pose estimation, a nonlinear least-squares algorithm is proposed in the paper. Issues relevant to this algorithm such as formulation of cost functions and selection of initial conditions are addressed. Once a sufficient number of robot poses at various measurement configurations are obtained using the proposed method, the estimation of actual link parameters of the robot becomes possible. Extensive simulations and experiment studies on a PUMA 560 robot reveal the convenience and effectiveness of the proposed self-calibration approach.
Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic β cell dysfunction (2003)

Failure to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to increasing concentrations of glucose is an important feature of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism for loss of glucose responsiveness is unknown. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), by virtue of its mitochondrial proton leak activity and consequent negative effect on ATP production, impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Of interest, it has recently been shown that superoxide, when added to isolated mitochondria, activates UCP2-mediated proton leak. Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced beta cell dysfunction. This study demonstrates that endogenously produced mitochondrial superoxide activates UCP2-mediated proton leak, thus lowering ATP levels and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, hyperglycemia- and obesity-induced loss of glucose responsiveness is prevented by reduction of mitochondrial superoxide production or gene knockout of UCP2. Importantly, reduction of superoxide has no beneficial effect in the absence of UCP2, and superoxide levels are increased further in the absence of UCP2, demonstrating that the adverse effects of superoxide on beta cell glucose sensing are caused by activation of UCP2. Therefore, superoxide-mediated activation of UCP2 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of beta cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.
X‐ray fluorescence analysis of Cr, As, Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb in soil using pressed powder pellet and loose powder methods (2009)

Abstract Quantitative analyses of Cr, As, Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb in soil were performed using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry with pressed powder pellet and loose powder methods. Standard soil samples containing hazardous metals were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of aqueous standards to base soils and then drying and homogenizing them. Base soil powders ground to less than 12.5 µm of modal particle size were Tachikawa loam, brown forest soil, and weathered granite containing 17.9, 9.43, and 3.49 mass% of Fe 2 O 3 , respectively. Analytical lines were CrKα, AsKα, SeKα, CdKα, HgLα, and PbLβ, with accompanying corrections for overlapping of SeKβ to PbLβ and PbLα to AsKα. Specimens for XRF analysis were prepared using powder pellets pressed to 23 mm internal diameter of an Al ring with 300 kgf cm −2 , and loose powder in a 31 mm internal diameter polyethylene cup covered with 6‐µm thickness of polypropylene film. Calibration curves drawn using the proposed standards showed good linearity under 3000 mg kg −1 for the five metals, and 300 mg kg −1 for Hg. Corrections with Compton scattering for AsKα, SeKα, CdKα, HgLα, and PbLβ, and with background scattering for CrKα were effective and produced identical inclinations of calibration curves. CdKα having larger critical depth in the loose powder specimen showed merely smaller inclination of calibration curve than that of the pressed powder specimen because of optical shading. The spike test for five analytes showed good recovery for gravel soil and pumice soil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
gamma-Aminobutyric acidA receptors displaying association of gamma 3-subunits with beta 2/3 and different alpha-subunits exhibit unique pharmacological properties. (1994)

Two polyclonal antibodies were raised against the gamma 3-subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors. These antibodies were able to precipitate GABAA receptors from brain membrane extracts, and the precipitated receptors exhibited benzodiazepine binding properties that were dramatically different from those of receptors precipitated by anti-gamma 2 antibodies. The anti-gamma 3 antibodies were used for immunopurification of GABAA receptors containing gamma 3-subunits. Western blot analysis of the immunopurified GABAA receptors indicated that the gamma 3-subunit exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 43-46 kDa. Furthermore, in addition to gamma 3-subunits, beta 2/3-, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, alpha 4-, and alpha 6-subunits could be detected in immunoaffinity column eluates from total brain and cerebellum, respectively. These data indicate that gamma 3-subunits can combine with most alpha-subunits to form a multiplicity of GABAA receptors with distinct pharmacology.
Future service capabilities offered by the 3GPP system (2003)

This paper gives an overview of some of the services that it will be possible to offer in the future to mobile users by combining a number of service capabilities specified by 3GPP the international standards setting body. Using the capabilities defined in the Release 5 set of specifications completed in 2002 as well as those that will be available with Release 6, the network operators will be able to deploy a large number of data services that are now only accessible via the Internet with the added value of mobility, security, trusted relationship, solid charging principles, and interoperability that are typical of the mobile environment. Those services will leverage on the IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS) that brings the benefits of the session initiation protocol and IP technology to the mobile world, user related data stored in the network, a totally new air interface providing controlled quality of service and high throughput and so on. The IMS and its role in the development of services is described. Other service capabilities including presence, group management, push are then discussed. Finally we give some examples of services that combine the above service capabilities.
Physico-chemical characteristics of fresh banana fruits (2019)

The fresh ripe and overripe banana samples were evaluated for various physico-chemical characteristics. Data show that ripe and overripe banana fruits contained total soluble solids (19.40 and 22.20˚B), total sugars (6.75 and 9.59 mg/100 g), acidity (0.42 and 0.32%), pH (4.13 and 5.20), ascorbic acid (3.70 and 2.99 mg/100 g), specific gravity (0.95 and 0.97 g/cm3), starch (2.53 and 1.51%), crude fibre (1.61 and 1.34%), and total phenols (7.56 and 11.14 mg/100 g). Overripe banana fruits had higher TSS, total sugars, pH, specific gravity and total phenols than ripe banana fruits.
Modulation of agonist-activated calcium influx by extracellular pH in rat pancreatic acini (1989)

The biochemical and Ca2+ transport pathways involved in generating the hormone-evoked Ca2+ signal are reported to be influenced by pH. The present study was designed to determine the effect of extracellular pH (pHo) and intracellular pH (pHi) on hormone-stimulated Ca2+ transport. We used rat pancreatic acini and measured free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with fura-2, pHi with 2,7-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), and Ca2+ fluxes with 45Ca2+. In the presence of external Ca2+, increasing pHo increased steady-state [Ca2+]i during sustained agonist stimulation; in the absence of external Ca2+, this increase in [Ca2+]i did not occur. The addition of an antagonist or blocking plasma membrane Ca2+ influx with La3+ in stimulated cells suspended at pHo 8.2 resulted in a reduction in [Ca2+]i. Increasing pHo increased the rate and extent of 45Ca2+ uptake into stimulated cells and the rate and extent of Ca2+ reloading of intracellular stores. The increased Ca2+ content of the intracellular stores with increased pHo indicated that at physiological pHo and pHi the agonist-mobilizable internal stores are not saturated with Ca2+. Changes in pHo affected pHi. However, changes in pHi at constant pHo had no effect on hormone-evoked [Ca2+]i increase, reduction in [Ca2+]i after hormone stimulation, or reloading of intracellular stores. We conclude that the hormone-activated plasma membrane Ca2+ entry pathway responsible for Ca2+ reloading is directly modulated by external H+.
High efficiency of CdSe quantum-dot-sensitized TiO2 inverse opal solar cells (2007)

The authors have demonstrated an approach to sensitized-type solar cells, based on TiO2 inverse opal and the use of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers. CdSe QDs were grown in situ on TiO2 inverse opal electrodes, utilizing a chemical bath deposition method. All of the photovoltaic performances, including short circuit photocurrent density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency, were significantly improved by surface modification with ZnS and fluoride ions. A power conversion efficiency of about 2.7% has been attained, under solar illumination of 100mW∕cm2. This value is relatively high for metal oxide solar cells, sensitized with semiconductor QDs.
Antimicrobial Polymeric Materials with Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts (2015)

Polymeric materials containing quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salts have been extensively studied and applied to a variety of antimicrobial-relevant areas. With various architectures, polymeric quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts were prepared using different approaches, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities and potential applications. This review focuses on the state of the art of antimicrobial polymers with quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts. In particular, it discusses the structure and synthesis method, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and the comparison of antimicrobial performance between these two kinds of polymers.
Biologically Driven Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines As Protein Kinase Inhibitors: An Old Scaffold As a New Tool for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Studies (2014)

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are widely distributed in\nnature and essential for life, playing a vital role in the\nmetabolism of all living cells. Among the many nitrogencontaining\nheterocycles, the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleus\n(Figure 1) is an important drug-like scaffold that is present in\nmany pharmacologically active compounds. This review describes the synthesis of pyrazolo-pyrimidines and their activities as kinase inhibitors.
1-Bit Reconfigurable Unit Cell for Ka-Band Transmitarrays (2015)

This letter presents an electronically reconfigurable, linearly polarized unit cell for transmitarray applications in Ka-band. A 1-bit phase resolution (namely with two phase states 0 ° and 180 °) is obtained using two p-i-n diodes mounted on a slot-loaded patch antenna. The design, realization, and experimental characterization in a standard waveguide simulator are reported. The measured insertion losses only reach 1.09 and 1.29 dB for the two-phase states, respectively, with a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of about 11.2%.
Binding of Pt Nanoclusters to Point Defects in Graphene: Adsorption, Morphology, and Electronic Structure (2012)

Graphene nanosheets serve as excellent support materials in the synthesis of advanced metal nanoparticle–graphene electrocatalysts. In this study, we employ a combination of density functional theory and bond-order potential calculations to perform a systematic investigation of the adsorption energetics, structural features, and electronic structure of platinum nanoclusters supported on both defective and defect-free graphene. We establish a hierarchy of point defects and their reconstructions that can act as strong trapping sites for platinum nanoclusters and inhibit catalyst sintering. We demonstrate that the preferred low-energy structure of supported platinum nanoclusters are neither high-symmetry structures (e.g., icosahedral, cuboctahedral) nor readily derived from moderate structural distortions of high-symmetry structures, as is often assumed in computational models. Rather, supported nanoparticles assume open, low-symmetry shapes much like those observed in earlier computational work on annealing of unsupported clusters in a vacuum. The formation of metal–carbon bonds at support defects influences the average bond length and thus the strain in the metal cluster, stronger binding correlating with larger average bond lengths. Additionally, stronger binding of the cluster to the support leads to increased charge transfer from the cluster to the substrate accompanied by a substantial downshift of the cluster d-band center; in several instances, the d-band center is shifted below that of a Pt(111) surface. Our study suggests possible avenues for enhancing the stability and CO tolerance of platinum nanoparticles on graphene through defect engineering.
Device Control with Scriptable-API Using Web Based Framework (2008)

This paper presents an advanced control mechanism to enable 3-box control in web based framework such as CEA-2014. Web-base control is a noble and user- friendly method to manage a home network device within web browser. However, current web based control mechanism only allows controller to interact with single controlled device. In this paper, we describe a mechanism to control multiple home network devices using web based control.