gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous-wave VECSEL Raman laser with tunable lime-yellow-orange output (2012)

We report a compact CW KGW Raman laser with intracavity nonlinear mixing, pumped by the intracavity field of a VECSEL. By temperature tuning an intracavity LBO crystal, we obtained two separate tunable emissions bands, namely 548.5 - 566 nm for sum-frequency-generation (SFG) of the fundamental and Stokes wavelengths, and 577.5 - 596 nm for second-harmonic-generation (SHG) of the Stokes wavelength. The maximum output powers for SFG and SHG were 0.8 W @ 560 nm and 0.52 W @ 592.5 nm, with corresponding diode-to-visible optical conversion efficiencies of 4.2% and 2.9%. These preliminary results show strong potential for expanding the spectral coverage of VECSEL lasers.
Removal of hydrogen sulfide from natural gas through an electrochemical membrane separator (1994)

Abstract An advanced process is developed for the separation of H 2 S from natural gas through an electrochemical membrane. H 2 S is removed from natural gas by reduction to the sulfide ion and H 2 at the cathode. The sulfide ion migrates to the anode through a molten salt electrolyte suspended in an inert ceramic matrix. Once at the anode it is oxidized to elemental sulfur and swept away for condensation in an inert gas stream. The natural gas is enriched with H 2 . Order‐of‐magnitude reductions in H 2 S concentration have been repeatedly recorded on a single pass through the cell. This process allows removal of H 2 S, while producing H 2 and elemental sulfur directly. No absorbents are used, and there is no need for subsequent treatment of a concetrated H 2 S stream as with conventional gas sweetening technology. This makes the process economically attractive, since it is much less equipment‐intensive than conventional technology.
Soluble N-Substituted Organosilane Polybenzimidazoles (2007)

Six N-substituted polybenzimidazole organosilane derivatives (−CH2SiMe2R; R = methyl, vinyl, allyl, hexyl, phenyl, and decyl) were synthesized, and they are more soluble in common organic solvents (tetrahydrofuran and chloroform) than the parent polybenzimidazole. Our polymer modification pathway provides a straightforward synthesis that can be carried out at room temperature/pressure and give moderate yields. Solution 1H NMR spectra of both the parent and deprotonated polybenzimidazoles are reported. On the basis of the NMR analysis in CDCl3, nearly all of the benzimidazole N−H positions (two ligands per repeat unit) are substituted by the organosilane moieties. Some of the modified polymers have comparable thermal properties to the parent polymer, and the average molecular weights are higher for the substituted polybenzimidazoles than the parent PBI.
Biomarkers of severe dengue disease – a review (2015)

Dengue virus infection presents a wide spectrum of manifestations including asymptomatic condition, dengue fever (DF), or severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in affected individuals. The early prediction of severe dengue in patients without any warning signs who may later develop severe DHF is very important to choose appropriate intensive supportive therapy since available vaccines for immunization are yet to be approved. Severe dengue responses include T and B cell activation and apoptosis, cytokine storm, hematologic disorders and complement activation. Cytokines, complement and other unidentified factors may transiently act on the endothelium and alter normal fluid barrier function of the endothelial cells and cause plasma leakage. In this review, the host factors such as activated immune and endothelial cells and their products which can be utilized as biomarkers for severe dengue disease are discussed.
Estimation of geometrical parameters for fan beam tomography (1987)

Tomographic image quality depends on precisely determining the geometric parameters that reference the detector system to the transaxial imaging coordinate system. In addition to the projection of the centre of rotation onto the detector, fan beam geometry requires two other parameters that include the focal length and the projection of the focal point onto the detector. Heretofore no method has been developed for estimating the geometrical parameters of a fan beam detector system. A method is presented for estimating these parameters from centroids of the measured projections of a point source using the non-linear estimation algorithm due to Marquardt. The technique is applied to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data from a rotating gamma camera using a fan beam collimator. The parameters can be determined very quickly in a clinical environment. The corresponding reconstructed images do not show image artefacts or loss of resolution characteristic of inaccurately determined geometric parameters.
Detection of misaligned cropping and recompression with the same quantization matrix and relevant forgery (2011)

Image tampering, being widely facilitated and proliferated by today's digital techniques, is increasingly causing problems concerning the authenticity of digital images. As one of the most favorable compressed media, JPEG image can be easily tampered without leaving any visible clues. JPEG-based forensics, including the detection of double compression, interpolation, rotation, etc, has been actively performed. However, the detection of misaligned cropping and recompression, with the same quantization matrix that was once used to encode original JPEG images, has not been effectively expressed or ignored to some extent. Aiming to detect such manipulations for forensics purpose, in this paper, we propose an approach based on block artifacts caused by the manipulation with JPEG compression. Specifically, we propose a shift-recompression based detection method to identify the inconsistency of the block artifacts in doctored JPEG images. The learning classifiers are applied for classification. Experimental results show that our approach is very promising to detect misaligned cropping and recompression with the same quantization matrix and greatly improves the existing methods. Our detection method is also very effective to detect relevant copy-paste and composite forgery in JPEG images.
Nonmammalian Safety Tests for Lagenidium giganteum (Oömycetes: Lagenidiales) (1988)

Journal Article Nonmammalian Safety Tests for Lagenidium giganteum (Oömycetes: Lagenidiales) Get access James L. Kerwin, James L. Kerwin Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deborah A. Dritz, Deborah A. Dritz Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert K. Washino Robert K. Washino Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 February 1988, Pages 158–171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.1.158 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 26 February 1987 Accepted: 04 September 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
The synthesis and properties of solution processable red-emitting phosphorescent dendrimers (2004)

We report methodology for the preparation of symmetric and asymmetric solution processable phosphorescent dendrimers that are comprised of 2-ethylhexyloxy surface groups, biphenyl based dendrons, and iridium(III) complex cores. The symmetric dendrimer has three dendritic 2-benzo[b]thiophene-2′-ylpyridyl (BTP) ligands with the dendritic ligands responsible for red emission. The asymmetric dendrimer has two dendritic 2-phenylpyridyl ligands and one unsubstituted BTP ligand. Iridium(III) complexes comprised of 2-phenylpyridyl ligands are normally associated with green emission whereas those containing BTP ligands emit red light. Red emission is observed from the asymmetric dendrimer demonstrating that emission occurs primarily from the metal-to-ligand charge transfer state associated with the ligand with the lowest HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the symmetric and asymmetric dendrimers were strongly dependent on the dendrimer structure. In solution the PLQYs of the asymmetric and symmetric dendrimers were 47 ± 5% and 29 ± 3% respectively. The photoluminescence lifetime of the emissive state of both dendrimers in solution was 7.3 ± 0.1 µs. In the solid state the comparative PLQYs were reversed with the symmetric dendrimer having a PLQY of 10 ± 1% and the asymmetric dendrimer a PLQY of 7 ± 1%. The comparatively larger decrease in PLQY for the asymmetric dendrimer in the solid state is attributed to increased core–core interactions. The intermolecular interactions are greater in the asymmetric dendrimer because there is no dendron on the BTP ligand. Electrochemical analysis shows that charge is injected directly into the cores of the dendrimers.
Synthetic and Semisynthetic Analogs of Epothilones: Chemistry and Biological Activity (2001)

Epothilones A and B are naturally occurring microtubule depolymerization inhibitors, which exhibit potent in vitro antiproliferative activity. Epothilone B is a 3-30-fold more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell growth than paclitaxel in paclitaxel-sensitive cancer cell lines and in paclitaxel-resistant lines exceeds paclitaxel activity by 102 - 103-fold. In addition, epothilone B exhibits potent in vivo antitumor activity even in multidrug-resistant tumor models. In order to gain a better understanding of the structural requirements for epothilone-mediated cytotoxicity and antitumor activity and to discover analogs with similar potency but perhaps better tolerability in vivo, we have investigated a series of structural modifications involving the epoxide site (C12/C13) and the heterocyclic side-chain of epothilones. In this paper we present the synthesis of these analogs and we discuss the impact of such modifications on tubulin polymerization activity as well as cytotoxicity in vitro.
Partial Somatic to Stem Cell Transformations Induced By Cell-Permeable Reprogramming Factors (2014)

The production of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for therapeutic applications will require practical methods to achieve tight temporal and quantitative control of reprogramming factor (RF) expression, while avoiding the mutagenic potential of gene transfer. Toward this end, we have developed cell-permeable RF proteins (CP-RFs) incorporating newly developed macromolecule transduction domains (MTDs). Treatment of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with combinations of cell-permeable OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, CMYC and either NANOG or LIN28 proteins induced the outgrowth of stem cell-like colonies (iSCs). iSC colonies generated with CP-RFs resembled embryonic stem cells with regard to morphology, biomarker expression, and extended capacity for self-renewal, but failed to expand as iPSC or ES cell lines. Partial reprogramming appears to be a common response to protein-based delivery of programming factors into somatic cells.
Expression of a cancer associated isoform of PCNA in breast cancer has implications as a potential biomarker (2007)

21069 Background: We have identified a novel cancer associated isoform of the protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), termed (caPCNA), and demonstrated that this isoform arises through a direct protein post-translational modification, and not via genetic mutation or RNA splice variation. Our results suggest that caPCNA has the potential to serve as a highly effective and unique marker for identifying malignant breast cancer cells. Methods: This assertion is based on our proteomic-based analyses of more than 60 malignant and non- malignant breast cell lines and tissues. Commercially available antibodies against PCNA cannot distinguish between the different isoforms of PCNA present in malignant and non-malignant breast cells and cannot be used clinically to differentiate between normal and malignant breast tissue. However, we have recently developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody, (caPCNAab), which specifically recognizes only the caPCNA isoform expressed by malignant human breast cells. Results: Using this antibody we clearly show that caPCNA is expressed only in malignant breast cells and tissues, and can be found in early disease. caPCNA expression in tissues was quantified as average staining intensity X average percentage of cells stained. Using this criterion the following data were obtained: 10 cases of normal breast tissue (reduction mammoplasty) gave a total score of 1%; 35 cases of normal breast tissue adjacent to malignancy scored as 4%; 30 cases of DCIS scored as 90%; and 55 cases of invasive breast carcinoma scored as 120%. The five cases of ADH examined thus far were shown to score similar to that of normal breast tissue. Conclusions: The implication of these data is that the development of a caPCNAab-based IHC stain could potentially be used to reliably stain only in situ or invasive carcinoma, and distinguish genuinely benign lesions (e.g., ADH) from carcinoma, (e.g., DCIS) allowing definitive diagnosis in such cases where a limited amount of an atypical lesion prevents definitive diagnosis on routine H/E stained sections alone. For the patient population, this could result in a marked decrease in the need for either a repeat core biopsy or an excisional biopsy due to an inconclusive initial diagnosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Characteristics of an improved lateral emitter switched thyristor (2002)

A new LEST (lateral emitter switched thyristor) structure is proposed and experimentally verified. The structure differs from the conventional LEST in that it embeds a floating ohmic contact between the n-drift region and the n+ floating emitter. Both simulation and experimental results show that the device has an enhanced turn-on capability compared with the conventional LEST without deteriorating the other characteristics. The device is fabricated using a 3 /spl mu/m CMOS process to have a 320 V breakdown and 0.7 V threshold voltage. Thyristor turn-on is observed at an anode current density of 12.5 A/cm/sup 2/ with 5 V gate voltage. The maximum MOS controllable current density is in excess of 200 A with 5 V gate voltage.
Synchronous recovery of iron and electricity using a single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cell (2017)

In recent years, microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has become an attractive option for metal recovery/removal at the cathode combined with electricity generation, using organic substrates as electron donor at the anode.
Multidimensional flash codes (2008)

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell can take on q different levels corresponding to the number of electrons it contains. Increasing the cell level is easy; however, reducing a cell level forces all the other cells in the same block to be erased. This erasing operation is undesirable and therefore has to be used as infrequently as possible. We consider the problem of designing codes for this purpose, where k bits are stored using a block of n cells with q levels each. The goal is to maximize the number of bit writes before an erase operation is required. We present an efficient construction of codes that can store an arbitrary number of bits. Our construction can be viewed as an extension to multiple dimensions of the earlier work of Jiang and Bruck, where single-dimensional codes that can store only 2 bits were proposed.
Compact Continuous Wave Radar for Water Level Monitoring (2022)

Abstract There is a demand for noncontact, high-accuracy, high-spatial-resolution, wireless sensing technologies for various water level and coastal monitoring applications. This paper presents a low-cost, compact, easily configurable interferometry radar for noncontact water level monitoring, including its hardware design, signal processing algorithms, and wireless communication strategies. Interferometry radar measures distance by comparing the phase lag between reflected and transmitted signals. Water level measurements using this approach have been demonstrated in a solitary wave laboratory experiment, a field deployment observing wave run-up near Ponte Vedra, Florida, and a field deployment observing waves and tides in the Sparkill Creek located in Piermont, New York. The experimental results from the radars with millimeter-level accuracy have been compared with reference sensors and demonstrate the potential of continuous wave radar for water level observations.
Complete High Dimensional Inverse Characterization of Fractal Surfaces and Volumes (2012)

In the present paper, we are describing a methodology for the determination of the complete set of parameters associated with the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function that can describe a fractal scalar field distribution defined by measured or computed data distributed on a surface or in a volume. Our effort is motivated not only by the need for accurate fractal surface and volume reconstruction but also by the need to be able to describe analytically a scalar field quantity distribution on a surface or in a volume that corresponds to various material properties distributions for engineering and science applications. Our method involves utilizing a refactoring of the W-M function that permits defining the characterization problem as a high dimensional inverse problem solved by singular value decomposition for the so-called phases of the function. Coupled with this process is a second level exhaustive search that enables the determination of the density of the frequencies involved in defining the trigonometric functions participating in the definition of the W-M function. Numerical applications of the proposed method on both synthetic and actual surface and volume data, validate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. This approach constitutes a radical departure from the traditional fractal dimension characterization studies and opens the road for a very large number of applications.
Implementation of intensity-modulated laser diodes in time-resolved, pump–probe fluorescence microscopy (2001)

We present the implementation of intensity-modulated laser diodes for applications in frequency-domain pump-probe fluorescence microscopy. Our technique, which is based on the stimulated-emission approach, uses two sinusoidally modulated laser diodes. One laser (635 nm) excites the chromophores under study, and the other laser (680 nm) is responsible for inducing stimulated emission from excited-state molecules. Both light sources are modulated in the 80-MHz range but with an offset of 5 kHz between them. The result of the interaction of the pump and the probe beams is that a cross-correlation fluorescence signal at 5 kHz is generated primarily at the focal volume. Microscope imaging at the cross-correlation signal results in images with high contrast, and time-resolved high-frequency information can be acquired without high-speed detection. A detailed experimental arrangement of our methodology is presented along with images acquired from a 4.0-mum-diameter fluorescent sphere and TOTO-3-labeled mouse STO cells. (TOTO-3 is a nucleic acid stain.) Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using sinusoidally modulated laser diodes for pump-probe imaging, creating the exciting possibility of high-contrast time-resolved imaging with low-cost laser-diode systems.
Practical cell-oriented adaptive admission control guaranteeing QoS in wireless multimedia networks (2004)

An important quality-of-service (QoS) issue in wireless multimedia networks is how to control handoff drops. In this paper, we propose admission control algorithms that adaptively control the admission threshold in each cell, in order to keep the handoff dropping probability below a pre-defined level. The admission threshold is dynamically adjusted based on handoff dropping events. We first present a simple admission control scheme which brings out an important performance evaluation criterion - inter-cell fairness - and serves as a reference point. We then investigate the inter-cell unfairness problem and develop two enhanced schemes to overcome this problem. The performance of these protocols is benchmarked and compared with other competitive schemes. The results indicate that our schemes perform very well while, in addition, achieving significantly reduced complexity and signaling load.
Delay coefficients based variable step size algorithm for subband affine projection adaptive filters (2009)

Subband adaptive filters are preferred in acoustic echo cancellation systems with long echo tail lengths due to speed of convergence and complexity savings. Recently, a new and novel subband affine projection (SAP) algorithm was reported based on the polyphase decomposition of the adaptive filter and noble identities. For good system performance it is important to have a good variable step size (VSS) algorithm as part of an adaptive filter. In this paper, based on the method of delay coefficients (DC), we propose1 a VSS algorithm for the SAP adaptive filter, which is called as delay coefficients based variable step size subband affine projection algorithm (DC-VSS-SAP). We examine in detail the similarities and differences between DC method for the subband and fullband scenarios. Further, we show how the method of DC can be used to detect changes in echo paths and speed up convergence of the adaptive filter.
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Polishing Powder Wastes by Hydrometallurgical Process (2014)

The main feature of rare earth polishing powder waste (REPPW) is the significant content of CeO2 content in solid solutions of rare earth oxides. La, Pr, and Nd, like Ce, are used in polishing as well as dyes in polishing industry and also contained in REPPW. In addition, non-rare earth metals such as Ca, Al, Si, Ba, Mg, and F account for some proportion of REPPW, depending on the type of polished material. The leaching process using sulfuric acid solution can be proposed as a process for the recovery of rare earths from REPPW because it is easy and inexpensive to implement the treatment of REPPW. However, it also has some demerits in terms of separation and recovery. Undesired species are dissolved along with the materials of interest in the solution and another method is needed to separate these materials. Therefore, this study suggested that the leaching process with two steps based on the dissolution characteristics of the considered element-H2SO4-H2O solutions is needed for cerium recovery from REPPW by sulfuric acid leaching. The two steps of the leaching process consist of case 1 with La2O3, Pr2O3, Nd2O3, and CaO and case 2 with CeO2 and Al2O3. this classification can be useful for developing the total process for cerium recovery from REPPW via two-stage acid leaching based on experimental results. In addition, a k-T (reaction rate constant-reaction temperature) diagram that permits rational extraction of CeO2 and Al2O3 was devised according to the kinetics data fitted by a shrinking core model.
Discovery of a 5<i>H</i>-Benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyridin-5-one (MK-2461) Inhibitor of c-Met Kinase for the Treatment of Cancer (2011)

c-Met is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that mediates activation of several signaling pathways implicated in aggressive cancer phenotypes. In recent years, research into this area has highlighted c-Met as an attractive cancer drug target, triggering a number of approaches to disrupt aberrant c-Met signaling. Screening efforts identified a unique class of 5H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-5-one kinase inhibitors, exemplified by 1. Subsequent SAR studies led to the development of 81 (MK-2461), a potent inhibitor of c-Met that was efficacious in preclinical animal models of tumor suppression. In addition, biochemical studies and X-ray analysis have revealed that this unique class of kinase inhibitors binds preferentially to the activated (phosphorylated) form of the kinase. This report details the development of 81 and provides a description of its unique biochemical properties.