gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Lung Flute-collected Sputum for Lung Cancer Diagnosis (2015)

Molecular analysis of sputum can help diagnose lung cancer. We have demonstrated that Lung Flute can be used to collect sputum from individuals who cannot spontaneously expectorate sputum. The objective of this study is to further evaluate the performance of the Lung Flute by comparing the characteristics of parallel samples collected with and without the Lung Flute and the usefulness for diagnosis of lung cancer. Fifty-six early-stage lung cancer patients (40 current smokers and 16 former smokers) and 73 cancer-free individuals (52 current smokers and 21 former smokers) were instructed to spontaneously cough and use Lung Flute for sputum sampling. Sputum cytology and polymerase chain reaction analysis of three miRNAs (miRs-21, 31, and 210) were performed in the specimens. All 92 current smokers and 11 (28.7%) of 37 former smokers spontaneously expectorated sputum and also produced sputum when using the Lung Flute. Twenty-seven former smokers (70.3%) who could not spontaneously expectorate sputum, however, were able to produce sputum when using the Lung Flute. The specimens were of low respiratory origin without contamination from other sources, eg, saliva. There was no difference of sputum volume and cell populations, diagnostic efficiency of cytology, and analysis of the miRNAs in the specimens collected by the two approaches. Analysis of the sputum miRNAs produced 83.93% sensitivity and 87.67% specificity for identifying lung cancer. Therefore, sputum collected by the Lung Flute has comparable features as spontaneously expectorated sputum. Using the Lung Flute enables former smokers who cannot spontaneously expectorate to provide adequate sputum to improve sputum collection for lung cancer diagnosis.
MINIMIZATION OF THE ACOUSTIC POWER RADIATED FROM A VIBRATING PANEL USING BOTH ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL AND ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL (2002)

This paper concerns the minimization of total acoustic power radiated from a vibrating planar structure using both active noise and vibration control with acoustic secondary sources and vibration control forces. First, the total acoustic power radiated from the model used in this paper is calculated using the reciprocity principle. And the optimal feed-forward control law for minimizing the total acoustic power is derived. Next, we show the phenomena under the optimal control condition, which are the control acoustic power becoming zero and the control vibration power also becoming zero. Finally, we show the control effects and the phenomena by using a specific example.
Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Epoxy/Acrylic Materials (1976)

Simultaneous interpenetrating networks (SIN's) were prepared by simultaneously synthesizing crosslinked epoxy and poly(n-butyl acrylate) polymers. A two-phase morphology emerged with the dispersed rubber domains being 0.1-0.5 µ in diameter. The actual dimensions of the dispersed rubber phase domains and the extent of molecular mixing between the components depended on the relative polymerization rates or reaction gel times in relation to the time of phase separation. Although most molecular mixing occurred when the reactions were closest to simultaneity, better mechanical properties resulted when conditions were removed slightly from simultaneity. In some of the SIN's the main glass transition temperature was abnormally higher than that of the cured epoxy resin. Entrapment of low molecular weight epoxy in n-butyl acrylate phase domains was proposed as a cause.
Bacterial Polyesters:  Biosynthesis, Biodegradable Plastics and Biotechnology (2004)

The discovery and chemical identification, in the 1920s, of the aliphatic polyester: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, as a granular component in bacterial cells proceeded without any of the controversies which marked the recognition of macromolecules by Staudinger. Some thirty years after its discovery, PHB was recognized as the prototypical biodegradable thermoplastic to solve the waste disposal challenge. The development effort led by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., encouraged interdisciplinary research from genetic engineering and biotechnology to the study of enzymes involved in biosynthesis and biodegradation. From the simple PHB homopolyester discovered by Maurice Lemoigne in the mid-twenties, a family of over 100 different aliphatic polyesters of the same general structure has been discovered. Depending on bacterial species and substrates, these high molecular weight stereoregular polyesters have emerged as a new family of natural polymers ranking with nucleic acids, polyamides, polyisoprenoids, polyphenols, polyphosphates, and polysaccharides. In this historical review, the chemical, biochemical and microbial highlights are linked to personalities and locations involved with the events covering a discovery timespan of 75 years.
Investigation of electrical properties of organic memristors based on thin polyaniline-graphene films (2013)

The possibility of integration of graphene films applying the Langmuir-Schaefer method to the structure of the working channel of the organic memristor is investigated. The variation in electrical characteristics of memristor structures in the presence of graphenes in the working channel of the element is analyzed. New effects such as an increased working voltage range and the S-like shape of current-voltage characteristics are found, which is most probably associated with the charge accumulation in the region of graphene sheets.
Poly(Glycerol Sebacate)/Poly(Butylene Succinate-Butylene Dilinoleate) Fibrous Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering (2014)

The present article investigates the use of a novel electrospun fibrous blend of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly(butylene succinate-butylene dilinoleate) (PBS-DLA) as a candidate for cardiac tissue engineering. Random electrospun fibers with various PGS/PBS-DLA compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50, and 0/100) were fabricated. To examine the suitability of these fiber blends for heart patches, their morphology, as well as their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were measured before examining their biocompatibility through cell adhesion. The fabricated fibers were bead-free and exhibited a relatively narrow diameter distribution. The addition of PBS-DLA to PGS resulted in an increase of the average fiber diameter, whereas increasing the amount of PBS-DLA decreased the hydrophilicity and the water uptake of the nanofibrous scaffolds to values that approached those of neat PBS-DLA nanofibers. Moreover, the addition of PBS-DLA significantly increased the elastic modulus. Initial toxicity studies with C2C12 myoblast cells up to 72 h confirmed nontoxic behavior of the blends. Immunofluorescence analyses and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that C2C12 cells showed better cell attachment and proliferation on electrospun mats with higher PBS-DLA content. However, immunofluorescence analyses of the 3-day-old rat cardiomyocytes cultured for 2 and 5 days demonstrated better attachment on the 70/30 fibers containing well-aligned sarcomeres and expressing high amounts of connexin 43 in cellular junctions indicating efficient cell-to-cell communication. It can be concluded, therefore, that fibrous PGS/PBS-DLA scaffolds exhibit promising characteristics as a biomaterial for cardiac patch applications.
3D Printing as a New Packaging Approach for MEMS and Electronic Devices (2017)

In this paper we present a new approach for building specific packaging that is scalable, versatile and could be potentially cost competitive. Using polymer additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D printing, we set out to build customized structures and packages perfectly adapted to component dimensions and specifications. Two different 3D printing technologies, respectively called stereolithography and Fused Deposition Molding, were studied. The work described in this paper opens plenty of new approaches: device design with a customizable backend packaging process, packaging adapted to each different component, even on the same device, fast device prototyping with accurate characteristics, among others. Our main observation is that the stereolithography technology is compatible with microelectronics substrates. Another technology, fused deposition molding, was also tested, but was not well adapted to packaging components, the major incompatibilities being the inability to print on silicon and some coarser dimensions than those required for microelectronic applications. We argue that specific patterns for the printed structure and compatibility between substrate and printed material (which can be improved with surface modifications) are key requirements to obtain the expected results.
Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase in the uterine epithelial cells of mouse is dependent on estrogen. (1992)

The effects of the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone on peptidylarginine deiminase protein-L-arginine iminohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.15) levels in adult ovariectomized mouse uterus were studied. The amount of the enzyme in the uterus was considerably diminished by ovariectomy. When the mice were injected with a variety of estrogenic compounds, 17 beta-estradiol-3-benzoate, which was the most potent stimulator of uterine cell proliferation among the estrogens tested, dramatically elevated the enzyme formation of the uterus in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Results of immunohistochemistry with the antiserum against mouse peptidylarginine deiminase demonstrated that the induction of the enzyme by the estradiol exclusively occurred at the luminal and glandular epithelia, corresponding with the previous findings in the normal estrous cycle. Furthermore, administration of the estradiol significantly increased the content of mRNA coding for peptidylarginine deiminase in uterus, indicating the evidence of regulation in pretranslation. On the other hand, progesterone alone did not restore the enzyme level of the ovariectomized mouse, but moderated the action of estrogen when given in concert with estrogen. Thus, the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase in luminal and glandular epithelia of mouse uterus is controlled by the amount of the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Antiphospholipid syndrome and cutaneous vasoocclusive disorders. (1991)

The antiphospholipid syndrome (characterized by the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulants or anticardiolipin antibodies) was first recognized in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the syndrome can also exist in the absence of SLE. The clinical features include arterial or venous thrombosis, recurrent abortion, neurological problems, and various cutaneous disorders including thrombophlebitis, livedo reticularis, atrophie blanche, leg ulcers, and gangrene. In some cases, antiphospholipid antibodies may play a role with other recognized syndromes characterized by vascular occlusion, such as Sneddon's syndrome (livedo reticularis with cerebrovascular occlusion) and Degos' disease.
RFID TECHNOLOGY IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY (2008)

Abstract RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a wireless communication technology that is used in physical markers (RFID tags) to mark products. RFID is being increasingly applied in everyday life and thus is competing with widely used bar codes. RFID technology can be used to build systems aimed at automatic identification of tagged objects. In production- commerce plants in the textile sector it can enable strict control over both production and storage/sale processes. The best thing about RFID technology is that it is functional, with no need to 'see' the tag by the interrogator. When a tagged object enters the reading zone of an interrogator, the interrogator signals the tag to transmit its stored data to the controller via radio waves. Unlike bar codes technology, RFID can be much more effective in the process of production and storage of certain objects. Undoubtedly, both production and commerce companies in the textile branch will significantly benefit from RFID applications.
Free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance: a potential role for protein kinase C-δ (2002)

The mechanisms of the impairment in hepatic glucose metabolism induced by free fatty acids (FFAs) and the importance of FFA oxidation in these mechanisms remain unclear. FFA-induced peripheral insulin resistance has been linked to membrane translocation of novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, but the role of PKC in hepatic insulin resistance has not been assessed. To investigate the biochemical pathways that are induced by FFA in the liver and their relation to glucose metabolism in vivo, we determined endogenous glucose production (EGP), the hepatic content of citrate (product of acetyl-CoA derived from FFA oxidation and oxaloacetate), and hepatic PKC isoform translocation after 2 and 7 h Intralipid + heparin (IH) or SAL in rats. Experiments were performed in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemic clamps (insulin infusion rate, 5 mU. kg(-1). min(-1)). IH increased EGP in the basal state (P < 0.001) and during hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.001) at 2 and 7 h. Also, 7-h infusion of IH induced resistance to the suppressive effect of insulin on EGP (P < 0.05). Glycerol infusion (resulting in plasma glycerol levels similar to IH infusion) did not have any effect on EGP. IH increased hepatic citrate content by twofold, independent of the insulin levels and the duration of IH infusion. IH induced hepatic PKC-delta translocation from the cytosolic to membrane fraction in all groups. PKC-delta translocation was greater at 7 compared with 2 h (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 1) increased FFA oxidation may contribute to the FFA-induced increase in EGP in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemia but is not associated with FFA-induced hepatic insulin resistance, and 2) the progressive insulin resistance induced by FFA in the liver is associated with a progressive increase in hepatic PKC-delta translocation.
MGMT in primary and recurrent human glioblastomas after radiation and chemotherapy and comparison with p53 status and clinical outcome (2007)

The DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays a pivotal role in alkylating drug resistance. Here, we determined MGMT activity in primary and recurrent glioblastomas (GBM, WHO grade IV) of patients who received radiation therapy (RT) or RT plus chemotherapy with alkylating agents (temozolomide, chloroethylnitrosoureas). The mean MGMT activity of untreated GBM was 37 +/- 45 (range 0-205) fmol/mg proteins. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd recurrences, MGMT activity increased from 66 +/- 50 (13-194) to 68 +/- 44 (14-143) and 182 +/- 163 (64-423) fmol/mg protein, respectively. Comparing patients who received RT only with RT plus chemotherapy, a significant increase of MGMT in 1st recurrences was only found after treatment with RT plus chemotherapy, indicating either selection of MGMT expressing cells or induction of the MGMT gene by alkylating agents. The p53 status was not significantly related to the MGMT expression level, although a trend for lower MGMT activity in p53 positively stained tumors was observed. Patients expressing MGMT activity of <or=30 fmol/mg protein in the pretreatment tumor had a significant better therapeutic response than patients expressing MGMT above this level, which was shown by Kaplan-Meyer curves and the recurrence free interval after primary tumor resection. In patients who received RT only, this correlation was not found. The data revealed a threshold of MGMT expression (30 fmol/mg protein) below which patients respond better to alkylating agents. Therefore, determination of MGMT activity in the primary tumor appears to be useful in predicting the outcome of GBM therapy.
Comparison of the effects of calcitriol and maxacalcitol on secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on chronic haemodialysis: a randomized prospective multicentre trial (2004)

Calcitriol and maxacalcitol are equally effective on PTH and bone metabolism.
On the ill-posedness of certain vehicular platoon control problems (2005)

We revisit the vehicular platoon control problems formulated by Levine and Athans and Melzer and Kuo. We show that in each case, these formulations are effectively ill-posed. Specifically, we demonstrate that in the first formulation, the system's stabilizability degrades as the size of the platoon increases, and that the system loses stabilizability in the limit of an infinite number of vehicles. We show that in the LQR formulation of Melzer and Kuo, the performance index is not detectable, leading to nonstabilizing optimal feedbacks. Effectively, these closed-loop systems do not have a uniform bound on the time constants of all vehicles. For the case of infinite platoons, these difficulties are easily exhibited using the theory of spatially invariant systems. We argue that the infinite case is a useful paradigm to understand large platoons. To this end, we illustrate how stabilizability and detectability degrade as functions of a finite platoon size, implying that the infinite case is an idealized limit of the large, but finite case. Finally, we show how to pose H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// versions of these problems where the detectability and stabilizability issues are easily seen, and suggest a well-posed alternative formulation based on penalizing absolute positions errors in addition to relative ones.
HIV‐1 envelope trimer has similar binding characteristics for carbohydrate‐binding agents as monomeric gp120 (2013)

The native HIV-1 Env complex consists of a gp120/gp41 trimer, but surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-directed binding studies for gp120-binding agents were almost exclusively performed on monomeric gp120. SPR-directed binding kinetics of monomeric gp120 and trimeric gp140 were investigated for a broad variety of envelope (Env)-binding agents. Similar kinetics for carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs), the antibody 2G12 and sCD4 were observed, irrespective of the oligomeric state of gp120 that either contain the native mixture of complex and high-mannose N-glycans or that contain exclusively oligomannose N-glycans. The generally comparable kinetic properties of CBA, 2G12 and sCD4 binding to monomeric gp120 and trimeric gp140 indicate that monomeric gp120 is a good surrogate molecule for native HIV-1 Env trimer to investigate the binding affinities of Env-binding compounds.
An elite broadly neutralizing antibody protects SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant challenge (2022)

ABSTRACT The strikingly high transmissibility and antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant have posted great challenges on the efficacy of current vaccines and antibody immunotherapy.Here, we screened 34 BNT162b2-vaccinees and cloned a public broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) ZCB11 from an elite vaccinee. ZCB11 neutralized all authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron and OmicronR346K with potent IC50 concentrations of 36.8 and 11.7 ng/mL, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that ZCB11 targeted viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) and competed strongly with ZB8, a known RBD-specific class II NAb. Pseudovirus-based mapping of 57 naturally occurred single mutations or deletions revealed that only S371L resulted in 11-fold neutralization resistance, but this phenotype was not observed in the Omicron variant. Furthermore,prophylactic ZCB11 administration protected lung infection against both the circulating pandemic Delta and Omicron variants in golden Syrian hamsters. These results demonstrated that vaccine-induced ZCB11 is a promising bNAb for immunotherapy against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
Lipases in Wheat Breadmaking: Analysis and Functional Effects of Lipid Reaction Products (2014)

The baking activity of two different lipases was evaluated by a microbaking test on a 10 g flour basis, and the altered lipid composition of lipase-treated wheat lipids was quantitated. To identify and quantitate the various lipid classes, pure glycolipids and phospholipids were isolated from a wheat flour lipid extract by a silica gel batch procedure and silica gel column chromatography. These reference compounds were used to establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection, which was able to separate all of the wheat lipid classes and lipase reaction products. Wheat lipids, dough lipids, and dough lipids after lipase addition were quantitated using cholesterol as an internal standard. Especially digalactosyl diglycerides (-0.9 mmol/kg flour), monogalactosyl diglycerides (-0.4 mmol/kg), and N-acyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (-0.3 mmol/kg) were hydrolyzed, and a concomitant formation of digalactosyl monoglycerides (+0.6 mmol/kg), monogalactosyl monoglycerides (+0.6 mmol/kg), and N-acyl-lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (+0.5 mmol/kg) was found. The lipase-induced changes of the lipid fraction caused increases in bread volume of 56-58%, depending on the type and concentration of the added lipase. The current results confirm the important relationship between the lipid fraction composition and the baking performance of flour.
Quantitative image analysis for evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology (2018)

The objective, accurate, and standardized evaluation of tumor response to treatment is an indispensable procedure in clinical oncology. Compared to manual measurement, computer-assisted linear measurement can significantly improve the accuracy and reproducibility of tumor burden quantification. For irregular-shaped and infiltrating or diffuse tumors, which are difficult to quantify by linear measurement, computer-assisted volumetric measurement may provide a more objective and sensitive quantification to evaluate tumor response to treatment than linear measurement does. In the evaluation of tumor response to novel oncologic treatments such as targeted therapy, changes in overall tumor size do not necessarily reflect tumor response to therapy due to the presence of internal necrosis or hemorrhages. This leads to a new generation of imaging biomarkers to evaluate tumor response by using texture analysis methods, also called radiomics. Computer-assisted texture analysis technology offers a more comprehensive and in-depth imaging biomarker to evaluate tumor response. The application of computer-assisted quantitative imaging analysis techniques not only reduces the inaccuracy and improves the reliability in tumor burden quantification, but facilitates the development of more comprehensive and intelligent approaches to evaluate treatment response, and hence promotes precision imaging in the evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art technical developments and clinical applications of quantitative imaging analysis in evaluation of tumor response in clinical oncology.