gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power containers (2013)

Energy efficiency and power capping are critical concerns in server and cloud computing systems. They face growing challenges due to dynamic power variations from new client-directed web applications, as well as complex behaviors due to multicore resource sharing and hardware heterogeneity. This paper presents a new operating system facility called "power containers" that accounts for and controls the power and energy usage of individual fine-grained requests in multicore servers. This facility relies on three key techniques---1) online model that attributes multicore power (including shared maintenance power) to concurrently running tasks, 2) alignment of actual power measurements and model estimates to enable online model recalibration, and 3) on-the-fly application-transparent request tracking in multi-stage servers to isolate the power and energy contributions and customize per-request control. Our mechanisms enable new multicore server management capabilities including fair power capping that only penalizes power-hungry requests, and energy-aware request distribution between heterogeneous servers. Our evaluation uses three multicore processors (Intel Woodcrest, Westmere, and SandyBridge) and a variety of server and cloud computing (Google App Engine) workloads. Our results demonstrate the high accuracy of our request power accounting (no more than 11% errors) and the effectiveness of container-enabled power virus isolation and throttling. Our request distribution case study shows up to 25% energy saving compared to an alternative approach that recognizes machine heterogeneity but not fine-grained workload affinity.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Nickel Sulfate as Catalyst Precursor (2004)

Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized directly on a Si/SiO2 substrate by chemical vapor deposition using methane as the feedstock and nickel sulfate as the catalyst precursor. This new surface growth approach yields SWNTs of diameter 0.7−3 nm and lengths of up to tens of micrometers. The SWNTs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron transport measurements. Both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs were identified.
Gradient zone establishment and maintenance at TVA's 4000 m/sup 2/ (1-acre) nonconvecting salt gradient solar pond (1983)

Gradient zone establishment and maintenance procedures, and results of their implementation at Tennessee Valley Authority's 4000 m/sup 2/ (1-acre) nonconvecting salt-gradient solar pond are documented. The zone configuration history for the first year of pond operation is described and correlated with the theoretical relationships governing gradient zone stability and pond hydrodynamics. Results of experiments to modify the zone configuration, including the destruction of internal convecting zones, are discussed. Finally, practical conclusions regarding zone establishment and maintenance at large ponds are drawn.
Myogenin regulates denervation-dependent muscle atrophy in mouse soleus muscle (2011)

Muscle inactivity due to injury or disease results in muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms contributing to muscle atrophy are poorly understood. However, it is clear that expression of atrophy-related genes, like Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, are intimately tied to loss of muscle mass. When these atrophy-related genes are knocked out, inactive muscles retain mass. Muscle denervation stimulates muscle atrophy and Myogenin (Myog) is a muscle-specific transcription factor that is highly induced following muscle denervation. To investigate if Myog contributes to muscle atrophy, we have taken advantage of conditional Myog null mice. We show that in the denervated soleus muscle Myog expression contributes to reduced muscle force, mass, and cross-sectional area. We found that Myog mediates these effects, at least in part, by regulating expression of the Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 genes. Indeed Myog over-expression in innervated muscle stimulates Atrogin-1 gene expression and Myog over-expression stimulates Atrogin-1 promoter activity. Thus, Myog and the signaling cascades regulating its induction following muscle denervation may represent novel targets for therapies aimed at reducing denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
A pulsed ultrasonic distance measurement system based upon phase digitizing (1994)

A pulsed ultrasonic distance measurement system (UDMS) for use in air is described. A new method of timing is presented that is based upon the transmission of a binary-frequency shift-keyed (BFSK) signal followed by data acquisition and signal processing of phase-digitized information from the received signal. The method reduces many of the problems that arise when dealing with the nonideal behavior of ultrasonic transducers. One of the major advantages is the ease with which the method may be implemented while maintaining high accuracy, since amplitude sampling is not required. Comparison with common ranging techniques is presented, which shows the inherent noise immunity of the new method. A test setup is described, and results given, demonstrating the underlying principle and accuracy. The system measures distances of up to 5000 mm with an accuracy of /spl plusmn/1 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concurrent Systems: Operating Systems, Database and Distributed Systems: An Integrated Approach (1997)

From the Publisher:
Concurrent Systems, Second Edition presents a modern approach to software systems, ideally suited to the needs of today's students and programmers. It focuses on those concepts in concurrency that play a vital role in the design of operating systems, database systems, distributed systems and communication networks.
Ultra-Summarization : A Statistical Approach to Generating Highly Condensed Non-Extractive Summaries (1998)

This paper discusses, very briey, the framework, our experiments, and some of the advantages and novel applications of this alternative approach to summarization.
Regulation of cellular senescence <i>via</i> the <scp>FOXO</scp>4‐p53 axis (2018)

Forkhead box O (FOXO) and p53 proteins are transcription factors that regulate diverse signalling pathways to control cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In the last decade both FOXO and p53 have been identified as key players in aging, and their misregulation is linked to numerous diseases including cancers. However, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain mysterious, including regulation of ageing by FOXOs and p53. Several activities appear to be shared between FOXOs and p53, including their central role in the regulation of cellular senescence. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the link between FOXOs and p53, with a particular focus on the FOXO4-p53 axis and the role of FOXO4/p53 in cellular senescence. Moreover, we discuss potential strategies for targeting the FOXO4-p53 interaction to modulate cellular senescence as a drug target in treatment of aging-related diseases and morbidity.
Quantum Neural Network Composed of Kane's Qubits (2006)

It has been known that a variety of optimization problems can be solved with a neural network, and that a quantum computer executes real parallel computation. A quantum neural network has been proposed to incorporate quantum dynamics into a neural network. In this study, we test the possibility of actual implementation of a quantum neural network with a nuclear spin as a qubit. First, we introduce the relationship between a spin and a neuron, then describe the adiabatic Hamiltonian evolution applied for the state change. Next, we describe a real spin quantum system and show the simulation results. A proposed nuclear spin system behaves as a neuron with inhibitory interactions, as expected in analogy to a Hopfield network.
Characterisation of a Peripheral Neuropathic Component of the Rat Monoiodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis (2012)

Joint degeneration observed in the rat monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of osteoarthritis shares many histological features with the clinical condition. The accompanying pain phenotype has seen the model widely used to investigate the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis pain, and for preclinical screening of analgesic compounds. We have investigated the pathophysiological sequellae of MIA used at low (1 mg) or high (2 mg) dose. Intra-articular 2 mg MIA induced expression of ATF-3, a sensitive marker for peripheral neuron stress/injury, in small and large diameter DRG cell profiles principally at levels L4 and 5 (levels predominated by neurones innervating the hindpaw) rather than L3. At the 7 day timepoint, ATF-3 signal was significantly smaller in 1 mg MIA treated animals than in the 2 mg treated group. 2 mg, but not 1 mg, intra-articular MIA was also associated with a significant reduction in intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in plantar hindpaw skin, and produced spinal cord dorsal and ventral horn microgliosis. The 2 mg treatment evoked mechanical pain-related hypersensitivity of the hindpaw that was significantly greater than the 1 mg treatment. MIA treatment produced weight bearing asymmetry and cold hypersensitivity which was similar at both doses. Additionally, while pregabalin significantly reduced deep dorsal horn evoked neuronal responses in animals treated with 2 mg MIA, this effect was much reduced or absent in the 1 mg or sham treated groups. These data demonstrate that intra-articular 2 mg MIA not only produces joint degeneration, but also evokes significant axonal injury to DRG cells including those innervating targets outside of the knee joint such as hindpaw skin. This significant neuropathic component needs to be taken into account when interpreting studies using this model, particularly at doses greater than 1 mg MIA.
Clinical Correlates and Heritability of Flow-Mediated Dilation in the Community (2004)

Increasing age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and smoking were associated with lower FMD% in our community-based sample, whereas prior exercise and increasing heart rate were associated with higher FMD%. The estimated heritability of FMD was modest. Future research will permit more complete characterization of the genetic and environmental determinants of endothelial function and its prognostic value in the community.
Editorial comment : the times they are a-changin' (2010)

As was announced in SACJ44, the AGM of SAICSIT decided that as from issue 45, SACJ will only be published online as an open-source journal. No printed copy of SACJ will be produced. This form of publication is not new. In fact, many journals have for a long time been published in this format. For journals in Computing, this is now one of the standards, if not the norm.
Analysis of transmitted optical spectrum enabling accelerated testing of multijunction concentrating photovoltaic designs (2011)

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technology has recently gained interest based on its scalability and expected low levelized cost of electricity. The reliability of encapsulation materials used in CPV systems, however, is not well established. For example, the present qualification test for CPV modules includes only real-time ultraviolet (UV) exposure, i.e., methods for accelerated UV testing have not yet been developed. To better define the stress inherent to CPV systems, the UV and infrared spectra transmitted through representative optical systems were evaluated. Measurements of optical components are used to assess expected optical performance and quantify damaging optical exposure. Optical properties (transmittance, refractive index, reflectance, and absorptance) of candidate materials (including PMMA, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz refractors), components (including Ag- and Al-enabled reflectors), and encapsulants (including EVA, ionomer, PDMS, PPMS, polyolefin, and PVB) were identified. The activation spectrum was calculated for the representative optical systems using an assumed action spectrum to compare the expected damaging dose of UV radiation delivered to the cell encapsulation. The dose and flux analysis identifies the significance of IR relative to UV exposure for CPV systems. Because UV light is typically more highly attenuated, the UV dose within the encapsulation may not greatly exceed the unconcentrated global solar condition, but the thermal load scales nearly directly with the geometric concentration. Relative to a previous analysis for crystalline silicon cell technology, the analysis here is performed for III-V multijunction technology. Novel aspects here also include additional materials (such as TPU encapsulation) and additional components (transmission through silicone on glass lenses, antireflective coatings, and the front glass used with reflective systems, as well as reflection off of the cell).
Femtosecond passively modelocked diode laser with intracavity dispersion management (2010)

We report on the generation of ultrashort pulses by dispersion management of a passively modelocked external cavity diode laser. Pulse widths down to 200 fs are obtained at 830 nm emission wavelength. We use intracavity dispersion management to increase the spectral bandwidth and compress the strongly chirped pulses externally with a grating compressor.
Energy Efficient Opportunistic Network Coding for Wireless Networks (2008)

We consider energy efficient network coding design in wireless networks with multiple unicast sessions. Our approach decomposes multiple unicast sessions into a superposition of multicast and unicast sessions, with coding occurring only within each session. We give an optimization approach that is more general than the existing poison-remedy optimization formulation. For the case of wireless, we consider XOR coding and give an achievable rate region for a primary interference model. To simplify network operation, we give an oblivious backpressure algorithm which does not optimize overhearing of transmissions, and a practical protocol called COPR based on the oblivious backpressure algorithm. Simulation experiments show that COPR largely reduces network power consumption over existing algorithms.
Power Analysis and Reduction Techniques for Transition Fault Testing (2008)

This paper examines the differences in power consumption characteristics of two popular ATPG techniques for transition fault testing (TFT) -- launch off shift (LOS) and launch off capture (LOC). These differences have critical implications on the circuit switching during the launch and capture cycles, and if unaddressed, can lead to IR drop issues and unwarranted silicon failures. Our investigations show that power consumption in the launch cycle for LOS patterns can be as high as 1.96 times the corresponding number for LOC patterns. We systematically understand the reasons for this difference and propose a variety of power-aware design-for-test (DFT) and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) techniques to limit this power differential as well as general TFT power consumption. The proposed techniques include use of (a) fill techniques, (b) intelligent test and functional enable control of clock gates, and (c) pattern re-generation using low compression and low effort ATPG. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques in reducing power consumption, and the associated trade-offs in pattern volume.
Investigation of five types of switchable retroreflector films for enhanced visible and infrared conspicuity applications (2012)

We report on the physics, design, characterization, and demonstration of five viable techniques for switchable retroreflectors, including integrated electrowetting scattering, integrated and external electrowetting light valves, external liquid crystal light valve, and external liquid crystal scattering. All techniques were evaluated for use in conspicuity applications spanning wavelengths in the visible and IR (night vision). Achieved performance includes high optical efficiencies up to nearly 30% (out of a maximum 35%), visibly fast switching speeds of <100 ms, low to moderate operating voltages ranging from 5 to 60 V, more than ±45 deg of operation angle, and implementation with pressure-sensitive, adhesive-backed films of 0.7 to 1 mm thickness for flexibility and impact resistance. Each approach has unique strengths and weaknesses, which will also be discussed for applications ranging from commercial to military conspicuity.
Passive RF & Microwave Integrated Circuits (2003)

Intro. Characteristics of Planar Transmission Lines Characteristics of Planar Coupled Lines Distributed and Lumped Elements of Integrated Circuits Common Features and Parameters of Networks Analysis of Symmetrical Networks Directional Couplers Dividers and Combiners Filters Phase Shifters Diode Control Devices Circulators and Isolators Modular Design Appendix A- Substrates, B-Properties of Metals, and C- Multiport Representations
Detection of G Proteins by Affinity Probe Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Fluorescently Labeled GTP Analogue (2003)

An affinity probe capillary electrophoresis (APCE) assay for guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) was developed using BODIPY FL GTPgammaS (BGTPgammaS), a fluorescently labeled GTP analogue, as the affinity probe. In the assay, BGTPgammaS was incubated with samples containing G proteins and the resulting mixtures of BGTPgammaS-G protein complexes and free BGTPgammaS were separated by capillary electrophoresis and detected with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Separations were completed in less than 30 s using 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine at pH 8.5 as the electrophoresis buffer and applying 555 V/cm over a 4-cm separation distance. BGTPgammaS-Galpha(o) peak heights increased linearly with Galpha(o) up to approximately 200 nM using a 50 nM BGTPgammaS probe. The detection limit for Galpha(o) was 2 nM, corresponding to a mass detection limit of 3 amol. The high speed of the APCE assays allowed reaction kinetics and the dissociation constant (Kd) to be determined. The on-rate and off-rate of BGTPgammaS to Galpha(o) were 0.0068 +/- 0.0004 and 0.000 23 +/- 0.000 01 s(-1), respectively. The half-life of the BGTPgammaS-Galpha(o) complex was 3060 +/- 240 s and Kd was 8.6 +/- 0.7 nM. The estimates of these parameters are in good agreement with those obtained using established techniques, indicating the suitability of this method for such measurements. Lowering the temperature of the separation improved the detection of the complex, allowing the assay to be performed on a commercial instrument with longer separation times. Additionally, the capability of the technique to detect several G proteins based on their binding to BGTPgammaS was demonstrated with assays for Galpha and Galpha(i1) and for Ras and Rab3A.
Scored Antibody Reactivity Determined by Immunoblotting Shows an Association between Clinical Manifestations and Presence of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>sensu stricto,<i>B. garinii</i>,<i>B. afzelii</i>, and<i>B. Valaisiana</i>in Humans (1999)

An immunoglobulin G immunoblot was developed with antigenic extracts of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, and B. valaisiana genospecies and was reacted with sera from patients with neuroborreliosis, acrodermatitis, and Lyme arthritis. A detailed analysis of the reactivities of the protein bands was performed, and a two-step scoring procedure was selected to determine the preferential reactivity of sera to one particular genospecies. The discriminative potential of 5 proteins (12-kDa, 16-kDa, 18-kDa, OspA, and 66-kDa proteins) was used as a rapid first-step scoring method, followed by scoring of 14 additional protein bands if necessary. The advantage of this procedure is the low percentage of serum samples with inconclusive results for one of the four species (10% for patients with neuroborreliosis, 6% for patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, and 6% for patients with Lyme arthritis). Among 31 serum samples from patients with neuroborreliosis, 16 were more reactive to B. garinii, 7 were more reactive to B. afzelii, 3 were more reactive to B. valaisiana, and 2 were more reactive to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Of 31 serum samples from patients with acrodermatitis, 26 showed a higher level of reactivity to B. afzelii. Of 34 serum samples from patients with Lyme arthritis, 21 were more reactive to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, 10 were more reactive to B. afzelii, and 1 was more reactive to B. valaisiana. Our results suggest an organotropism of Borrelia species and provide some evidence of a pathogenic potential of B. valaisiana in humans.
An overlay solution to IP multicast address collision prevention (2008)

Multicast applications before they start transmitting content must choose a multicast channel on which to transmit. Unlike IP unicast addresses, multicast addresses are not long lived entity. Moreover many applications can choose to transmit data on the same channel. Every application which chooses to transmit data intended for receivers outside its own administrative domain must choose a globally scoped channel. Since most of globally scoped multicast channel addresses are not statically assigned, there is a high probability of address collision among applications if they are assigned addresses randomly and without the prior knowledge of global assignments of such addresses. This paper proposes an overlay solution to dynamic “globally scoped ” multicast address allocation and collision prevention.
Brief Announcement (2017)

Emerging persistent memory technologies (generically referred to as Storage Class Memory or SCM) hold tremendous promise for accelerating popular data-management applications like in-memory databases. However, programmers now need to deal with ensuring the atomicity of transactions on SCM-resident data and maintaining consistency between the persistent and in-memory execution orders of concurrent transactions. The problem is specially challenging when high-performance isolation mechanisms like Hardware Transaction Memory (HTM) are used for concurrency control.
EEG Based Monitoring of General Anesthesia: Taking the Next Steps (2017)

Electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) present an opportunity to monitor changes in human brain electrical activity during changing states of consciousness like sleep or general anesthesia. Frontal EEG recordings during surgical interventions with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness help to estimate the patients' level of (un)consciousness.
Short-period intrinsic Stark GaN∕AlGaN superlattice as a Bloch oscillator (2004)

We discuss the properties of AlGaN∕GaN superlattice (SL) related to the feasibility of a terahertz-range oscillator. The distortion of the conduction-band profile by the polarization fields has been taken into account. We have calculated the conduction-band offset between the pseudomorphic AlGaN barrier and the GaN quantum well, the first miniband width and energy dispersion, as functions of Al content in the barrier. As the short-period SL miniband energy dispersion contains contributions from next to nearest neighbors, it causes anharmonic electron oscillations at the multiples of the fundamental Bloch frequency. The Al content and SL period that favor high-frequency oscillations have been determined.
Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype? (1994)

The relation of the prevalence of diabetes to birth weight in the Pima Indians is U shaped and is related to parental diabetes. Low birth weight is associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Given the high mortality of low birthweight infants selective survival in infancy of those genetically predisposed to insulin resistance and diabetes provides an explanation for the observed relation between low birth weight and diabetes and the high prevalence of diabetes in many populations.