gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Tunable Grounded Positive and Negative Impedance Multiplier (2018)

This brief presents a new tunable impedance multiplier with high multiplication factor. The proposed design uses a single externally connected resistor and can be made free of passive elements. The proposed circuit can realize a positive or a negative impedance multiplier. The functionality of the proposed design is confirmed using PSPICE simulation and practical measurements. Applications of the design in filters are also presented. The simulation and experimental results show that the new design enjoys a multiplication factor above 400 and 2 Hz to 7 MHz.
Novel ultra-fast deconvolution method for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy based on the Laguerre expansion technique (2005)

A new deconvolution method for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on the Laguerre expansion technique is presented. The performance of this method was tested on synthetic FLIM images derived from a multiexponential model and from fluorescence lifetime standards, and then compared to standard algorithms of FLIM analysis. Our results demonstrated significant advantages of the Laguerre method over standard algorithms. First, the fluorescence intensity decays of arbitrary form can be estimated at every pixel, without a priori assumption of its functional form. Second, the number of delayed images required to perform deconvolution is relatively low (as low as 5), reducing the acquisition time. Third, ultra-fast light sources are not longer required, making less expensive to perform lifetime imaging. Finally and most important, deconvolution at every pixel is performed in parallel using a common Laguerre basis, thus allowing reducing significantly the computation time (i.e. synthetic 600x600 pixel images can be deconvolved with high accuracy in less than 20 s). Based on these findings, we believe that the Laguerre deconvolution technique represents a more robust and extremely fast analytical method that will allow exploring FLIM in practical real-time applications, such as clinical diagnosis.
Kinetics of aqueous lubrication in the hydrophilic hydrogel Gemini interface (2015)

The exquisite sliding interfaces in the human body share the common feature of hydrated dilute polymer mesh networks. These networks, especially when they constitute a sliding interface such as the pre-corneal tear film on the ocular interface, are described by the molecular weight of the polymer chains and a characteristic size of a minimum structural unit, the mesh size, ξ. In a Gemini interface where hydrophilic hydrogels are slid against each other, the aqueous lubrication behavior has been shown to be a function of sliding velocity, introducing a sliding timescale competing against the time scales of polymer fluctuation and relaxation at the surface. In this work, we examine two recent studies and postulate that when the Gemini interface slips faster than the single-chain relaxation time, chains must relax, suppressing the amplitude of the polymer chain thermal fluctuations.
The immature human ovary shows loss of abnormal follicles and increasing follicle developmental competence through childhood and adolescence (2013)

Funded by MRC grants G0901839 and G1100357. No competing interests.
Imaging of phase fluctuations by optical coherence tomography (2002)

Summary form only. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new modality for recording cross sectional images in transparent and semi-transparent structures with high resolution. Conventional OCT is based on the intensity of backscattered light, i.e., it yields the distribution of the backscattering potential within the sample. However, as is known from microscopy, many samples yield only a poor contrast if they are imaged on an intensity basis. These samples may change other properties of the light which can be used for improving the image contrast. We have developed an extension of OCT which allows imaging of slight phase differences occurring between light beams traversing a sample at closely spaced positions. Such phase differences can be caused by refractive index variations within the sample. We show a sketch of the instrument. A low coherence light source illuminates a Michelson interferometer where the beam is split into a reference and a sample beam.
A Stable Kilohertz Nd:YAG Regenerative Amplifier (1984)

A recently developed Pockels ceil driver able to operate at any repetition rate up to 1 kHz makes it practical to build a regenerative amplifier from a continuously pumped Nd:YAG laser. The amplifier output is approximately 1 mJ in a 100 ps pulse with ± 1% energy stability. The seed pulse is from a CW modelocked Nd:YAG oscillator (Spectra Physics, series 3000). This combination provides an ideal source for a synchronously pumped dye laser and high repetition rate amplifier.1
All-solid photonic bandgap fibers for high power lasers (2012)

There are still very strong interests for power scaling in high power fiber lasers for a wide range of applications in medical, industry, defense and science. In many of these lasers, fiber nonlinearities are the main limits to further scaling. Although numerous specific techniques have studied for the suppression of a wide range of nonlinearities, the fundamental solution is to scale mode areas in fibers while maintaining sufficient single mode operation. Here the key problem is that more modes are supported once physical dimensions of waveguides are increased. The key to solve this problem is to look for fiber designs with significant higher order mode suppression. In conventional waveguides, all modes are increasingly guided in the center of the waveguides when waveguide dimensions are increased. It is hard to couple a mode out in order to suppress its propagation, which severely limits their scalability. In an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber, modes are guided due to anti-resonance of cladding photonic crystal lattice. This provides strongly modedependent guidance, leading to very high differential mode losses. In addition, the all-solid nature of the fiber makes it easily spliced to other fibers. In this paper, we will show for the first time that all-solid photonic bandgap fibers with effective mode area of ~800m2 can be made with excellent higher order mode suppression.
Reducing Conservatism in Aircraft Engine Response Using Conditionally Active Min-Max Limit Regulators (2012)

Current aircraft engine control logic uses a Min-Max control selection structure to prevent the engine from exceeding any safety or operational limits during transients due to throttle commands. This structure is inherently conservative and produces transient responses that are slower than necessary. In order to utilize the existing safety margins more effectively, a modification to this architecture is proposed, referred to as a Conditionally Active (CA) limit regulator. This concept uses the existing Min-Max architecture with the modification that limit regulators are active only when the operating point is close to a particular limit. This paper explores the use of CA limit regulators using a publicly available commercial aircraft engine simulation. The improvement in thrust response while maintaining all necessary safety limits is demonstrated in a number of cases.
Developing a Conversational In-Car Dialog System (2005)

In recent years, an increasing number of new devices have found their way into the cars we drive. Speech-operated devices in particular provide a great service to drivers by minimizing distraction, so that they can keep their hands on the wheel and their eyes on the road. Most current examples of such systems, however, rely on using restricted language and scripted dialog interactions. Speech interfaces in highly stressed settings with large information content call for more flexible dialog with robust, wide-coverage language understanding, and proper responses with right amount of information. We describe an initial effort at addressing flexible and rich dialog in a system with a number of features, such as full spoken language understanding, a multi-threaded dialog manager, dynamic update of information, and organized responses.
Making Multipath TCP robust for stateless webservers (2015)

This document proposes a modification of the MPTCP handshake that
allows it to work efficiently with stateless servers. We first
identify the issues around stateless connection establishment using
SYN-cookies. Further, we suggest an extension to Multipath TCP to
overcome these issues and discuss alternatives. As a side-effect, the
proposed modification to the handshake opens the door to reduce the
size of the MP_CAPABLE option in the SYN. This reduces the growing
pressure on the TCP-option space in the SYN- segment, giving space for
future extensions to TCP.
Novel approach to improve the attitude update rate of a star tracker (2018)

The star tracker is widely used in attitude control systems of spacecraft for attitude measurement. The attitude update rate of a star tracker is important to guarantee the attitude control performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve the attitude update rate of a star tracker. The electronic Rolling Shutter (RS) imaging mode of the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor in the star tracker is applied to acquire star images in which the star spots are exposed with row-to-row time offsets, thereby reflecting the rotation of star tracker at different times. The attitude estimation method with a single star spot is developed to realize the multiple attitude updates by a star image, so as to reach a high update rate. The simulation and experiment are performed to verify the proposed approaches. The test results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and the attitude update rate of a star tracker is increased significantly.
Optical cross-talk and surface characterization of SERS nanoimaging bundle substrates (2010)

Due to the narrow vibrational bandwidths and unique molecular fingerprints, Raman spectroscopy can be an information rich transduction technique for chemical imaging. Dynamic systems are often difficult to measure using spontaneous Raman due to the relatively weak scattering cross-sections. Using a Raman enhancement mechanism such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), exposure times can be reduced to a reasonable level for dynamic imaging, due to the increased Raman signal intensity. This paper will discuss the development of a novel SERS substrate, fabricated on the tips of fiber-optic imaging bundles, which can be integrated into a multispectral imaging system for non-scanning chemical imaging. These substrates are fabricated by mechanically tapering a polished fiber optic imaging bundle consisting of 30,000 individual elements; producing 100-nm or smaller diameter core elements on the distal tip. Chemical etching with hydrofluoric acid creates uniform cladding spikes onto which a SERS active metal is vacuum deposited, forming the SERS active surface. By varying the size of the silver islands deposited on the cladding peaks active, surface plasmons can be tuned to various excitation frequencies. The surface of these tapered fiber optic probes will be evaluated by analysis of the SERS signal, location and shape of the active surface plasmons. The cross talk between the fiber elements will also be evaluated.
IP traceback with deterministic packet marking (2003)

We propose a new approach for IP traceback which is scalable and simple to implement, and introduces no bandwidth and practically no processing overhead. It is backward compatible with equipment which does not implement it. The approach is capable of tracing back attacks, which are composed of just a few packets. In addition, a service provider can implement this scheme without revealing its internal network topology.
Cw room temperature upconversion lasing at blue, green and red wavelengths in infrared-pumped Pr <sup>3+</sup> -doped fluoride fibre (1991)

Continuous-wave, room temperature laser oscillation at 491 nm, 520 nm, 605 nm and 635 nm in a Pr3+-doped fluorozirconate fibre pumped simultaneously at 1.01μm and 0.835μm is reported. An output power of 185 mW has been measured for the 635 nm transition. The thresholds obtained suggest that laser diode-pumped operation of all four transitions should be possible in an optimised fibre.
Learning-Constrained Enhancement of Cellular Networks Capacity (2018)

Every year, mobile operators spend hundreds of millions of dollars to improve their cellular capacities. Capacity improvements typically aim at adding carriers, frequency bands, radios, antenna systems, small cells, and sectors. In many cases, traffic load associated with special events push cellular sectors to their breakpoints defined as thresholds of access attempts leading to user access failures. Often times, mobile operators manually handle special events by dedicating human resources to them instead of deploying automated solutions. In this paper, we first use a pair of supervised learning approaches to model cellular network capacity measured in terms of total number of users carried as a function of user access attempts. Relying on our modeling results, we then predict the associated breakpoints of sectors as functions of user access attempts. Next, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize network capacity subject to constraints of user quality and predicted breakpoints. Among a number of alternatives, we propose a novel variant of simulated annealing referred to as Block Coordinated Descent Simulated Annealing (BCDSA) to solve the problem. Our performance measurements show that BCDSA offers dramatically improved algorithmic success rates as well as the best utility, runtime, and confidence range characteristics compared to alternative solutions.
Dual-Cathode Electron-Beam Source (1988)

Beam from either cathode electromagnetically aligned with exit port. Electron beam from either of two cathodes deflected by magnetic and electric fields to central axis. Mechanical alignment of beam easy because cathode axes, anode apertures, and electron trajectories coplanar. Applications where uninterrupted service needed: scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, electron-beam lithography equipment, Auger instruments, and microfocused x-ray sources.
Development of a feasible process for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides from fossil fuel burning power plants (1974)

A dry process has been developed for the simultaneous removal of No and SO2 from power plant stack gases. A catalyst/ absorbent in a net reducing flue gas effects the removal of SO2 by absorpton as ferrous sulfide or sulfate and the removal of NO by reduction to nitrogen or ammonia.
α-Conotoxin MII Blocks Nicotine-Stimulated Dopamine Release in Rat Striatal Synaptosomes (1997)

Activation of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can induce the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine in the CNS. Accumulating evidence suggests that distinct nAChR subtypes are involved; however, it has been difficult to determine the subunit composition of these receptors, in part because of the lack of a sufficient variety of selective nAChR ligands. We present experimental data that at least two different nAChR complexes are involved in dopamine release, one of which has an α3/β2 subunit interface. The recently discovered peptide α-conotoxin MII is a potent and selective inhibitor of rat nAChRs containing an interface formed by α3 and β2 subunits. We used this peptide to examine nicotine-stimulated release of dopamine from rat striatal synaptosomes and of norepinephrine from hippocampal synaptosomes. MII (100 n m ) blocks 34–49% of the nicotine-stimulated dopamine release, but not dopamine release evoked by elevated [K + ]. Furthermore, two peptides structurally related to α-conotoxin MII, namely α-conotoxin MI (selective for α1β1γδ nAChRs) and α-conotoxin ImI (selective for α7-containing nAChRs), have no effect on nicotine-stimulated dopamine release. The results indicate that one third to half of the dopamine release in the striatal preparation is mediated by nAChRs with an α3/β2 subunit interface. In contrast, ≤10% of nicotine-stimulated release of norepinephrine from hippocampal synaptosomes is modulated by nAChRs with α3/β2 subunit interfaces.
Low error fixed-width modified Booth multiplier (2003)

This paper presents an error compensation method for a modified Booth fixed-width multiplier that receives a W-bit input and produces a W-bit product. To efficiently compensate for the quantization error, Booth encoder outputs (not multiplier coefficients) are used for the generation of error compensation bias. The truncated bits are divided into two groups depending upon their effects on the quantization error. Then, different error compensation methods are applied to each group. By simulations, it is shown that quantization error can be reduced up to 50% by the proposed error compensation method compared with the existing method with slight increase in the overhead of bias generation circuit.
Coherent nonlinear microscopy system and method with variation of the focal volume in order to probe the nanostructure of organized materials (extension du dépôt français EP20090769543) (2009)

A method for the dimensional characterization of a structured material, in which method: an excitation laser beam suitable for coherent nonlinear microscopy is generated, this excitation laser beam being focused in a focal volume within the structured material; signals emitted by the structured material are detected; a plurality of emission patterns, each corresponding to one particular shape of the focal volume, is produced, the particular shapes being obtained for various non-Gaussian spatial profiles of the excitation laser beam wavefront; and on the basis of the emission patterns thus produced, dimensional characteristics of the structured material are deduced therefrom.
Assessment of Cognitive Decline Through Quantitative Analysis of the Timed Up and Go Test (2011)

Cognitive decline and dementia have emerged as major challenges in modern healthcare with enormous associated societal and economic costs. Shifting demographics, owing to increasing numbers of people aged over 65 have greatly increased the potential scale of this problem in years to come. We report a novel quantitative method for assessment of cognitive decline (defined as a decline in mini mental state examination (MMSE) score of three or more) using quantitative parameters derived from body-worn inertial sensors. We sought to determine if baseline quantitative parameters and changes from baseline at follow-up, in those parameters could be used to automatically classify participants as cognitively declined or intact. Quantitative movement parameters were obtained at a baseline clinical assessment and in a follow-up assessment approximately 2 years later, using shank mounted triaxial gyroscopes. Data were obtained from 189 community dwelling older adults (aged over 60, 59 male, 130 female, mean age: 70.43 ± 6.57) while performing the timed up and go test. Nine participants who were deemed to be cognitively impaired at baseline (MMSE < 24) were excluded from analysis. Results suggest that quantitative parameters measured at baseline are 75.94% accurate in predicting cognitive decline in participants who were cognitively intact at baseline. A combination of baseline quantitative movement parameters and the change at follow-up (compared to baseline) in these parameters were 88.78% accurate in classifying final cognitive status in participants deemed cognitively intact at baseline. The reported method may be suitable for use as a portable cognitive screening tool, prompting further specialist clinical investigation and may also form part of a tool for longitudinal monitoring of cognitive function.
Investigation of the protective properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-based vaccine candidates in a<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>mouse challenge model (2015)

Vaccination against the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii would provide the most efficient prevention against toxoplasmosis-related congenital, brain and eye diseases in humans. We investigated the immune response elicited by pathogen-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycoconjugates using carbohydrate microarrays in a BALB/c mouse model. We further examined the protective properties of the glycoconjugates in a lethal challenge model using the virulent T. gondii RH strain. Upon immunization, mice raised antibodies that bind to the respective GPIs on carbohydrate microarrays, but were mainly directed against an unspecific GPI epitope including the linker. The observed immune response, though robust, was unable to provide protection in mice when challenged with a lethal dose of viable tachyzoites. We demonstrate that anti-GPI antibodies raised against the here described semi-synthetic glycoconjugates do not confer protective immunity against T. gondii in BALB/c mice.
TLB Improvements for Chip Multiprocessors (2013)

Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) are critical to overall system performance. Much past research has addressed uniprocessor TLBs, lowering access times and miss rates. However, as Chip MultiProcessors (CMPs) become ubiquitous, TLB design and performance must be reevaluated. Our article begins by performing a thorough TLB performance evaluation of sequential and parallel benchmarks running on a real-world, modern CMP system using hardware performance counters. This analysis demonstrates the need for further improvement of TLB hit rates for both classes of application, and it also points out that the data TLB has a significantly higher miss rate than the instruction TLB in both cases. In response to the characterization data, we propose and evaluate both Inter-Core Cooperative (ICC) TLB prefetchers and Shared Last-Level (SLL) TLBs as alternatives to the commercial norm of private, per-core L2 TLBs. ICC prefetchers eliminate 19% to 90% of Data TLB (D-TLB) misses across parallel workloads while requiring only modest changes in hardware. SLL TLBs eliminate 7% to 79% of D-TLB misses for parallel workloads and 35% to 95% of D-TLB misses for multiprogrammed sequential workloads. This corresponds to 27% and 21% increases in hit rates as compared to private, per-core L2 TLBs, respectively, and is achieved this using even more modest hardware requirements. Because of their benefits for parallel applications, their applicability to sequential workloads, and their readily implementable hardware, SLL TLBs and ICC TLB prefetchers hold great promise for CMPs.