gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Liquid Storage and Cryopreservation on Platelet Surface Glycoproteins, Light Scatter, and Procoagulant Activity (1996)

Abstract : The availability of monoclonal antibodies directed against well characterized functional platelet receptors combined with the use of flow cytometry allows the rapid analysis of many aspects of platelet pathophysiology. Testing plateletpheresis products with a panel of antibodies will provide a comprehensive picture allowing assessment of the overall quality. Addition of in vitro agonists allows the study of platelet responses that result in receptor modulation and binding of coagulation and adhesive proteins. Selective evaluation of a variety of platelet properties, many of which can be analyzed simultaneously given the multiple-parameter capabilities of flow cytometry, promises to lead to predictive assays of in vivo platelet survival and function.
The Genetic Modification of Brewing Yeast with Recombinant DNA (1986)

The presence of 2-μm plasmid DNA was demonstrated in each of seven different strains of brewing yeast investigated. These yeasts were used as recipients for 2-μm-based recombinant DNA plasmids carrying the copper resistance gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the β-glucanase gene of Bacillus subtilis. When grown under nonselective brewery conditions, the transformed copper-resistant phenotype of brewing yeast was shown to be relatively stable. The brewing properties of yeast harboring recombinant DNA plasmids were indistinguishable from their unmodified parental counterparts.
Hybrid Bits Offer Distinct Advantages in Selected Roller-Cone and PDC-Bit Applications (2011)

Summary Early concepts of hybrid drill bits go back to the 1930s, but the development of a viable drilling tool has become feasible only with the recent advances in polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) cutter technology. This paper describes a new generation of hybrid bits that is based on proven PDC-bit designs with rolling cutters on the periphery of the bit. Laboratory and field results will be presented that compare the performance of hybrid bits with that of conventional PDC and roller-cone bits. A hybrid bit can drill shale and other plastically behaving formations two to four times faster than a roller cone bit by being more aggressive and efficient. The penetration rate of a hybrid bit responds linearly to revolutions per minute (RPM) unlike that of roller-cone bits, which exhibit an exponential response with an exponent of less than unity. In other words, the hybrid bit will drill significantly faster than a comparable roller-cone bit in motor applications. Another benefit is the effect of the rolling cutters on the bit dynamics. Compared with conventional PDC bits, torsional oscillations are as much as 50% lower, and stick/slip is reduced at low RPM and whirl at high RPM. This gives the hybrid bit a wider operating window and greatly improves toolface control in directional drilling. The hybrid drill bit is a highly application-specific drill bit aimed at (1) traditional roller-cone applications that are rate-of-penetration (ROP) limited, (2) large-diameter PDC-bit and roller-cone-bit applications that are torque or weight-on-bit (WOB) limited, (3) highly interbedded formations where high torque fluctuations can cause premature failures and limit the mean operating torque, and (4) motor and/or directional applications where a higher ROP and better build rates and toolface control are desired.
Expression patterns of genes encoding elastase and controlling mucoidy: co‐ordinate regulation of two virulence factors in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolates from cystic fibrosis (1990)

Transcriptional patterns of lasB and algD were compared in isogenic mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. The lasB gene encodes elastase, a major proteolytic enzyme secreted by P. aeruginosa, while algD is required for the synthesis of alginate, an exopolysaccharide frequently overproduced by strains infecting cystic fibrosis patients. A possible coregulation at the transcriptional level of these major virulence determinants was analysed. The lasB and algD genes showed inverse levels of promoter activity. The lasB promoter was active in non-mucoid cells and inactive in mucoid cells (in four out of five tested pairs), while the algD promoter was active in mucoid cells and silent in non-mucoid cells in all cases. When PAO568, a model strain for the analysis of control of the alginate system, was grown under conditions promoting mucoidy, the algD promoter was activated, whereas lasB mRNA could not be detected. This effect was reversed when the cells were grown in a medium suppressing mucoidy. Insertional inactivation of algR, a member of the signal-transduction systems regulating algD transcription, although abolishing algD expression and rendering cells non-mucoid, did not alter the nature of the induction and repression patterns of lasB seen in the parental strain PAO568. These results suggest that the lasB gene and the alginate system are co-ordinately regulated at a level parallel to or above the algR gene.
Anti-CD138-Targeted Interferon Is a Potent Therapeutic Against Multiple Myeloma (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy in the US. Although much effort has been made trying to understand the etiology and the complexities of this disease with the hope of developing effective therapies, MM remains incurable at this time. Because of their antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities, interferons (IFNs) have been used to treat various malignancies, including MM. Although some success has been observed, the inherent toxicities of IFNs limit their efficacy. To address this problem, we produced anti-CD138 antibody fusion proteins containing either IFNα2 or a mutant IFNα2 (IFNα2(YNS)) with the goal of targeting IFN to CD138-expressing cells, thereby achieving effective IFN concentrations at the site of the tumor in the absence of toxicity. The fusion proteins inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of U266, ANBL-6, NCI-H929, and MM1-144 MM cell lines. The fusion proteins decreased the expression of IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in U266. In addition, the fusion proteins were effective against primary cells from MM patients, and treatment with fusion proteins prolonged survival in the U266 murine model of MM. These studies show that IFNα antibody fusion proteins can be effective novel therapeutics for the treatment of MM.
A novel, robust, harmonic injection method for single-switch, three-phase, discontinuous-conduction-mode boost rectifiers (2002)

This paper describes a new, robust, low-cost, harmonic-injection method for single-switch, three-phase, discontinuous-conduction-mode (DCM) boost rectifiers. In the proposed method, a periodic voltage is injected in the control circuit to vary the duty cycle of the rectifier switch within a line cycle so that the 5/sup th/-order harmonic of the input current is reduced to meet the IEC555-2 requirement. Since the injected voltage signal, which is proportional to the inverted AC component of the rectified three-phase line-to-line input voltages, is employed, the injected duty-cycle variations are naturally synchronized with the three-phase, line-to-neutral input voltages. In addition, the injected harmonic signal naturally contains desirable higher-order harmonics, such as 6/sup th/, 12/sup th/, 18/sup th/, etc., which are more effective in improving THDs than harmonic-injection methods based on the 6/sup th/-order harmonic only.
Control of Enzymatic Browning in Pre‐peeled Potatoes by Surface Digestion (1993)

ABSTRACT Feasibility of lye digestion to remove surface tissues from peeled potatoes prior to treatment with browning inhibitors to extend shelf‐life was investigated. Russet and round‐white potatoes were digested in 14–20% NaOH at 35–55°C for 1–13 min. After removal of digested tissue, tubers were treated with ascorbic acid‐based browning inhibitor. Browning was measured by tristimulus calorimetry. Digestion extended shelf‐life of high pressure steam‐ and abrasion‐peeled potatoes to 13–15 days at 4°C, compared to 3–11 days for undigested controls. Digestion resulted in weight losses of 12–26%, depending on treatment conditions. Lye digestion in conjunction with conventional browning inhibitors represents a viable alternative to sulfiting pre‐peeled potatoes.
Bis(imino)pyridine Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alkenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Origins of Selective Allylsilane Formation (2014)

The aryl-substituted bis(imino)pyridine cobalt methyl complex, ((Mes)PDI)CoCH3 ((Mes)PDI = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2-N═CMe)2C5H3N), promotes the catalytic dehydrogenative silylation of linear α-olefins to selectively form the corresponding allylsilanes with commercially relevant tertiary silanes such as (Me3SiO)2MeSiH and (EtO)3SiH. Dehydrogenative silylation of internal olefins such as cis- and trans-4-octene also exclusively produces the allylsilane with the silicon located at the terminus of the hydrocarbon chain, resulting in a highly selective base-metal-catalyzed method for the remote functionalization of C-H bonds with retention of unsaturation. The cobalt-catalyzed reactions also enable inexpensive α-olefins to serve as functional equivalents of the more valuable α, ω-dienes and offer a unique method for the cross-linking of silicone fluids with well-defined carbon spacers. Stoichiometric experiments and deuterium labeling studies support activation of the cobalt alkyl precursor to form a putative cobalt silyl, which undergoes 2,1-insertion of the alkene followed by selective β-hydrogen elimination from the carbon distal from the large tertiary silyl group and accounts for the observed selectivity for allylsilane formation.
Comparison of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurement Bias and Imprecision across Three Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Devices (2012)

RTVue-100 showed higher imprecision (or higher measurement variability) than Cirrus HD-OCT and 3D OCT-1000 RNFL measurements. Three-dimensional cube scanning with post-hoc data sampling may be a factor reducing imprecision.
[Interstitial laser coagulation of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (1993)

We report on the new method of interstitial laser coagulation for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The procedure is based on the interstitial application of Nd:YAG laser irradiation, delivered through a new light guide system. Such light applicators coagulate constant tissue volumes in a homogeneous manner, as proven by in vitro studies in different tissues, including surgically removed prostate adenoma. The extent of the coagulation is determined by laser power and irradiation time. At 5 W, for example, and during a 10-min period, this zone reached a diameter of up to 20 mm. Temperatures generated in the process were over 100 degrees C, as measured by time/space resolution. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies in canine prostates. In the course of 7 weeks, the coagulated areas formed scars with degeneration and fibrosis, accompanied by marked shrinking. Neighbouring organs were not affected. The method was successfully transferred to clinical practice. The application of the light guides to the lateral lobes was performed percutaneously from the perineum under transrectal ultrasound guidance. The median lobe was punctured transurethrally under direct vision. Twenty-seven patients with an average age of 67.7 years were treated between July 1991 and March 1992. At the time of evaluation 15 patients had a follow-up of more than 2 months. They experienced a mean increase of peak flow rate from 6.6 to 15.2 ml/s and a mean decrease of residual volume from 206 to 38 ml. This was accompanied by a marked lessening of symptoms. The average prostate weight decreased from 63 to 44 g. Sexually active patients did not experience retrograde ejaculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multielement acoustic transducer as well as a method of manufacturing the same and an acoustic imaging instrument (1985)

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Gaze2Segment: A Pilot Study for Integrating Eye-Tracking Technology into Medical Image Segmentation (2016)

This study introduced a novel system, called Gaze2Segment, integrating biological and computer vision techniques to support radiologists' reading experience with an automatic image segmentation task. During diagnostic assessment of lung CT scans, the radiologists' gaze information were used to create a visual attention map. This map was then combined with a computer-derived saliency map, extracted from the gray-scale CT images. The visual attention map was used as an input for indicating roughly the location of a object of interest. With computer-derived saliency information, on the other hand, we aimed at finding foreground and background cues for the object of interest. At the final step, these cues were used to initiate a seed-based delineation process. Segmentation accuracy of the proposed Gaze2Segment was found to be 86% with dice similarity coefficient and 1.45 mm with Hausdorff distance. To the best of our knowledge, Gaze2Segment is the first true integration of eye-tracking technology into a medical image segmentation task without the need for any further user-interaction.
Towards microstructured glazing for daylighting and thermal control (2011)

Glass is a central element to modern architecture and can cover up to 100% of a building façade. The main purpose of large glazed areas is to create bright, comfortable and healthy spaces. It was shown that increasing natural light in offices reduces sickness but high visual transmittance (τv) and excessive energetic transmittance (τe) can have opposite consequences: a high τv can cause glare and visual discomfort for occupants while a high τe induces overheating which has to be balanced with air conditioning in summer. The energetic and daylighting performances of a fenestration system are central and important issues for architects and the right compromise between good lighting levels, electrical savings, solar gains in winter and overheating in summer is not easy to find. Over the past decades, progress was made and some solutions to these problems were found. Various types of blinds and shadings have been introduced to prevent glare, achieve a good daylight factor even far from the window and permit to adapt to conditions all along the year. Sun protection glazings on the other side are static systems with a selective coating to limit the transmitted part of the solar spectrum: traditionally a step function with maximum values in the visible range and minimal values in the infra-red and ultraviolet range cuts down excessive solar gains. Recent research show that the transmitted spectrum can be refined and applying a 'M' shaped transmittance distribution, a ratio of τe / τv = 0.33 can theoretically be reached [1]. A market study on complex fenestration systems integrating daylighting functions and thermal control shows that apart from blinds and coatings which can be found in many variations, few products exist. Cutting edge elements such as laser cut panel, prismatic sheets and other micro-structures were studied. The study showed that there is no existing static complex fenestration system (CFS) combining the advantages for both daylight and energetic aspects with a seasonal behaviour. We are investigating a novel micro structure combining functions of daylighting, glare protection, overheating protection in summer and thermal insulation in winter. The optical performances of envisaged structures were evaluated with a simple two dimensional ray tracing program developed specially for the study of laminar structures. This tool permits to optimize parameters and search for new solutions.
Carbon-based torsional and tensile artificial muscles driven by thermal expansion (presentation video) (2014)

High-performance artificial muscles have been produced from fibers having highly anisotropic thermal expansion. Inserting twist into these precursor fibers enables thermally-driven torsional actuation and can cause the formation of helical coils. Such coiled structures provide giant-stroke tensile actuation exceeding the 20% in-vivo contraction of natural muscles. This contraction is highly reversible, with over one million cycles demonstrated, and can occur without the hysteresis that plagues competing shape-memory and piezoelectric muscles. Several materials and composites are investigated, including low-cost, commercially-available muscle precursors, potentially facilitating thermally-responsive textiles that change porosity to provide wearer comfort.
Accurate predictions of flip chip BGA warpage (2004)

Organic flip chip BGA has been quickly adopted as the mainstream package solution for high speed, high density and high power ASIC and PLD. For these applications, both die and package dimensions are generally large. It is common to see dies over 25 mm and packages of 40 mm or larger. Therefore, warpage is a big challenge. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to predict the warpage. The model includes substrate, underfill, die, thermal interface material (TIM), heat spreader, stiffener and adhesives. The model has consistently shown excellent accuracy. The average prediction error for a number of packages was less than 10%. The modeling techniques are presented in details in the paper. Using the model, various factors, such as materials and structures of heat spreader, die size and package size, and thermal interface materials were studied.
A convenient method for regioselective C‐5 halogenation of 4(3<i>H</i>)‐oxo‐7<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1994)

Abstract N ‐7, O ‐Disilylation of 4(3 H )‐oxo‐7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines provides a convenient method for activation of these compounds toward regiospecific halogenation at C‐5. The sequence is conveniently carried out without isolation of the silylated derivatives and desilylation is spontaneous upon addition of water to the reaction mixture.
Dual-frequency quantum-cascade terahertz emitter (2002)

We report the realization of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-cascade terahertz emitter capable of emitting at two entirely different frequencies from the same structure. This is realized through judicious wavefunction engineering of the relevant electronic states. Emission is observed at 6.32 meV (1.5 THz) and 12.18 meV (2.9 THz) with full width at half maximum of 0.72 meV and 0.58 meV, respectively, at T=10 K. The structure consisted of 40 periods of the quantum-cascade module. Emission occurred between two sets of distinct energy levels that came into the desired configuration at different biases due to the quantum-confined Stark effect. Higher-energy AlAs-like phonons were utilized for the depopulation mechanism.
Error Analysis of Nonconstant Admittivity for MR-Based Electric Property Imaging (2011)

Magnetic resonance electrical property tomography (MREPT) is a new imaging modality to visualize a distribution of admittivity γ = σ+iωε inside the human body where σ and ε denote electrical conductivity and permittivity, respectively. Using B1 maps acquired by an magnetic resonance imaging scanner, it produces cross-sectional images of σ and ε at the Larmor frequency. Since current MREPT methods rely on an assumption of a locally homogeneous admittivity, there occurs a reconstruction error where this assumption fails. Rigorously analyzing the reconstruction error in MREPT, we showed that the error is fundamental and may cause technical difficulties in interpreting MREPT images of a general inhomogeneous object. We performed numerical simulations and phantom experiments to quantitatively support the error analysis. We compared the MREPT image reconstruction problem with that of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) to highlight distinct features of both methods to probe the same object in terms of its high- and low-frequency conductivity distributions, respectively. MREPT images showed large errors along boundaries where admittivity values changed whereas MREIT images showed no such boundary effects. Noting that MREIT makes use of the term neglected in MREPT, a novel MREPT admittivity image reconstruction method is proposed to deal with the boundary effects, which requires further investigation on the complex directional derivative in the real Euclidian space [Formula: see text].
Protein Histidine Phosphatase: A Novel Enzyme with Potency for Neuronal Signaling (2002)

The importance of reversible phosphorylation for neuronal signaling and cell survival is well recognized. Knowledge in vertebrates, however, is so far limited to O-phosphates from serine, threonine, and tyrosine. The authors describe an enzyme acting on N-phosphates. It is the first protein histidine phosphatase identified in vertebrates. This histidine phosphatase is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues including brain. Characterization and sequencing showed a yet unknown protein with no similarity to other phosphatases. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the homolog of this histidine phosphatase was exclusively expressed in neurons, suggesting a distinct role of reversible histidine phosphorylation in neuronal functions.
Spatial Phase and Amplitude Structuring of Beams Using a Combination of Multiple Orthogonal Spatial Functions with Complex Coefficients (2016)

Analogous to time signals that can be composed of multiple frequency functions, we use uniquely structured orthogonal spatial modes to create different beam shapes. We tailor the spatial structure by judiciously choosing a weighted combination of multiple modal states within an orthogonal basis set, and we can tunably create beam phase and intensity "shapes" that are not otherwise readily achievable. As an example shape, we use a series of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) functions with adjustable complex weights to create a reconfigurable spatial region of higher localized power as compared to traditional beam combining. We simulate a structured beam created by coherently combining several orthogonal OAM beams with different complex weights, and we achieve a >10X localized power density enhancement with 19 beams. Additionally, we can create unique shapes by passing a single beam through a specially designed phase and intensity mask that contains the combination of multiple OAM functions each with complex weights. Using this approach, we experimentally demonstrate a ~2.5X localized power density increase when utilizing 9 functions.
High Efficiency CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared by Treating CdTe Films with a Freon Gas in Substitution of CdCl2 (2006)

CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells have reached a sufficient conversion efficiency to be considered for an industrial application. The fabrication process is quite fast and it is one of the easiest to be transferred to a large-scale production. In the past, we have simplified the fabrication process by eliminating the etching step by making a completely dry process. A further simplification has been done by substituting the CdCl2 step by treating CdTe films in an atmosphere containing a non toxic gas that is inert at room temperature, namely HCFCl2. This belongs to the Freon © family. The best treatment conditions are as follows. Treatment temperature is typically 400°C. Time of treatment is on the order of a few minutes and the atmosphere containing Cl is typically 100 mbar of Ar containing 15% of HCFCl2. The change in the morphology of CdTe films after treatment is very similar to that obtained with CdCl2 treatment and an increase in the size of small grains is always observed. Solar cell efficiency obtained with this treatment, close to 16%, is comparable if not larger than that reached with CdCl2 treatment. The Cl2-treatment can be made with any gas of the Freon family and the only need is that the gas contains chlorine. This method is very effective in producing high efficiency cells. It avoids the use of CdCl2 that could be dangerous and instead it uses a gas that is stable, inert and not toxic at room temperature. Besides it eliminates the step of CdCl2 evaporation and, as a consequence, it is much more suitable for an industrial production. This process has been patented.