gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agonistic CD200R1 DNA Aptamers Are Potent Immunosuppressants That Prolong Allogeneic Skin Graft Survival (2014)

CD200R1 expressed on the surface of myeloid and lymphoid cells delivers immune inhibitory signals to modulate inflammation when engaged with its ligand CD200. Signalling through CD200/CD200R1 has been implicated in a number of immune-related diseases including allergy, infection, cancer and transplantation, as well as several autoimmune disorders including arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. We report the development and characterization of DNA aptamers, which bind to murine CD200R1 and act as potent signalling molecules in the absence of exogenous CD200. These agonistic aptamers suppress cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction in 5-day allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture and induce rapid phosphorylation of the CD200R1 cytoplasmic tail thereby initiating immune inhibitory signalling. PEGylated conjugates of these aptamers show significant in vivo immunosuppression and enhance survival of allogeneic skin grafts as effectively as soluble CD200Fc. As DNA aptamers exhibit inherent advantages over conventional protein-based therapeutics including low immunogenicity, ease of synthesis, low cost, and long shelf life, such CD200R1 agonistic aptamers may emerge as useful and safe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.
The Correlation Between Microstructures and in-BWR Corrosion Behavior of Highly Irradiated Zr-based Alloys (2005)

Abstract The microstructures of four kinds of Zircaloy-2-type materials with neutron exposure up to about 15 × 1025 n/m2 (E&gt;1MeV) were examined to investigate the microstructural evolution and to correlate it with the in-reactor corrosion behavior at very high fluences. The materials examined in this study included two advanced Zr-based alloys with good corrosion resistance, namely High Fe Zry and High FeNi Zry, and two other kinds of Zry-2 materials with slightly different elemental compositions and fabrication processes producing differing second phase particle sizes. All alloys showed good corrosion behavior and low hydrogen pickup when irradiated up to four cycles in dummy neutron source holders located outside of channel boxes. After six irradiation cycles, all four of the alloys had an increase in the rate of uniform corrosion and hydrogen pickup. The results of the microstructure examinations after six-cycle irradiation indicated two interesting points: (1) increased insight into the dissolution process for Zr-Fe-Cr particles, and (2) a correlation between the number density of Zr-Fe-Cr particles surviving through irradiation and the corrosion behavior at high fluences. From these results, it is suggested that increasing the initial particle size and/or controlling the alloy chemistry would be beneficial to improve the uniform corrosion performance and to lower hydrogen pickup, especially at very high fluences.
Preparation of highly oxidized RBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.4 O.sub.8 superconductors (1991)

Novel superconducting materials in the form of compounds, structures or phases are formed by performing otherwise known syntheses in a highly oxidizing atmosphere rather than that created by molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure or below. This leads to the successful synthesis of novel superconducting compounds which are thermodynamically stable at the conditions under which they are formed. The compounds and structures thus formed are substantially nonsusceptible to variations in their oxygen content when subjected to changing temperatures, thereby forming a temperature-stable substantially single phase crystal.
A Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) viral vaccine expressing nucleoprotein is immunogenic but fails to confer protection against lethal disease (2015)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne disease, endemic in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia. Between 15-70% of reported cases are fatal with no approved vaccine available. In the present study, the attenuated poxvirus vector, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, was used to develop a recombinant candidate vaccine expressing the CCHF virus nucleoprotein. Cellular and humoral immunogenicity was confirmed in 2 mouse strains, including type I interferon receptor knockout mice, which are susceptible to CCHF disease. Despite the immune responses generated post-immunisation, the vaccine failed to protect animals from lethal disease in a challenge model.
Myt1: A Membrane-Associated Inhibitory Kinase That Phosphorylates Cdc2 on Both Threonine-14 and Tyrosine-15 (1995)

Cdc2 is the cyclin-dependent kinase that controls entry of cells into mitosis. Phosphorylation of Cdc2 on threonine-14 and tyrosine-15 inhibits the activity of the enzyme and prevents premature initiation of mitosis. Although Wee1 has been identified as the kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine-15 in various organisms, the threonine-14-specific kinase has not been isolated. A complementary DNA was cloned from Xenopus that encodes Myt1, a member of the Wee1 family that was discovered to phosphorylate Cdc2 efficiently on both threonine-14 and tyrosine-15. Myt1 is a membrane-associated protein that contains a putative transmembrane segment. Immunodepletion studies suggested that Myt1 is the predominant threonine-14-specific kinase in Xenopus egg extracts. Myt1 activity is highly regulated during the cell cycle, suggesting that this relative of Wee1 plays a role in mitotic control.
T<sub>1</sub> independent, T<sub>2</sub>* corrected MRI with accurate spectral modeling for quantification of fat: Validation in a fat‐water‐SPIO phantom (2009)

This work demonstrates the necessity of T(2)* correction and accurate spectral modeling of fat to accurately quantify fat using MRI.
Purification and Characterisation of A Plasmin‐Sensitive Surface Protein of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1996)

Certain methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains contain a 230-kDa cell-wall protein which is not present on the surface of other staphylococci. The presence of this 230-kDa protein is associated with a negative test result in commercial assays designed to detect fibrinogen-binding proteins and/or protein A on the staphylococcal surface. We have purified and partially characterised the 230-kDa protein from a lysostaphin digest of a non-agglutinating methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain. Partial amino acid sequence data obtained from the purified protein did not reveal any significant similarities to known proteins which indicates that the protein is novel. The 230-kDa protein was very sensitive to proteolysis; soluble plasmin, or plasmin formed on the bacterial-cell surface, rapidly degraded the 230-kDa protein to a 175-kDa form. The finding that the 230-kDa protein bound to lectins allowed its purification by affinity chromatography on immobilised wheat germ agglutinin. Furthermore, the degradation of the 230-kDa protein was associated with an increased adherence of non-agglutinating methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells to solid-phase fibronectin, fibrinogen or IgG.
Dispersion monitoring and automatic compensation based on a differential nonlinear detection scheme (2004)

Using nonlinear optical detection to provide time-domain pulse distortion information and a novel differential measurement scheme to isolate the effect of chromatic dispersion and to determine its sign, real-time dispersion measurement and automatic compensation is demonstrated.
Proteomic Analysis of Synovial Fluid From the Osteoarthritic Knee: Comparison With Transcriptome Analyses of Joint Tissues (2013)

Proteins involved in the acute-phase response signaling pathway, the complement pathway, and the coagulation pathway are differentially regulated in SF from OA patients, suggesting that they contribute to joint damage. Validation of these pathways and their utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in OA is warranted.
Polarimetric Radar at Attenuated Wavelength as a Hydrological Sensor (1996)

Abstract A new method for the estimation of the rain rate using a polarimetric radar at attenuated wavelengths is proposed. At attenuated wavelengths, the differential reflectivity for horizontal and vertical polarization, ZDR, is the addition of a term depending on the drop shape, ZDRs, and a term depending on the differential attenuation for the two polarizations. ADP. The differential attenuation can be interpreted as an estimation of the integral of the rain rate along the radar beam. The principle of the method is the following. along the radar beam a first estimation of the rain rate R, in each range gate, is calculated from the single-wavelength radar reflectivity factor Z using the usual iterative attenuation correction scheme and a combination of a Z−R and an A−R relation, where A is the single polarization attenuation coefficient. This result permits one to obtain an estimation of ZDRs. The difference between the measured value of ZDR and ZDRs, is a measure of ADP. Then the integral of R along t...
The Steady-State Response Analysis of Bistable Piezoelectric Converter (2015)

The aim of this study is to examine the complicated dynamics behavior of nonlinear vibrations of bistable cantilevered piezoelectric beam. The base excitation on the beam is assumed to be harmonic load. The Galerkin’s approach is adopted to disperse the energies and the virtual work. Dynamic equation of the bistable piezoelectric system is established by using Hamilton’s principle. The averaged equations in the polar form is obtained by using the method of multiple scales. Based on the actual work situation of the cantilevered piezoelectric beam, it is known that base excitation and the size parameter of the beam play the important roles in the nonlinear vibration of the cantilevered piezoelectric beam. The quality of the permanent magnet, the thickness of the base layer and the length of the beam all affect the amplitude of the beam. The thickness of the piezoelectric layer can make the frequency response curve shift in frequency domain.
Two Use Cases of Machine Learning for SDN-Enabled IP/Optical Networks: Traffic Matrix Prediction and Optical Path Performance Prediction (2018)

We describe two applications of machine learning in the context of IP/Optical networks. The first one allows agile management of resources at a core IP/Optical network by using machine learning for short-term and long-term prediction of traffic flows and joint global optimization of IP and optical layers using colorless/directionless (CD) flexible ROADMs. Multilayer coordination allows for significant cost savings, flexible new services to meet dynamic capacity needs, and improved robustness by being able to proactively adapt to new traffic patterns and network conditions. The second application is important as we migrate our metro networks to Open ROADM networks, to allow physical routing without the need for detailed knowledge of optical parameters. We discuss a proof-of-concept study, where detailed performance data for wavelengths on a current flexible ROADM network is used for machine learning to predict the optical performance of each wavelength. Both applications can be efficiently implemented by using a SDN (Software Defined Network) controller.
WE‐C‐110‐03: A Performance Comparison between Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing and ASiR in Pediatric CT (2011)

Purpose: To compare denoising performance between the Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) method and a commercially available technique, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR). Methods: Pediatric abdominal CT data sets were acquired using a GE VCT scanner and retrospectively analyzed in this study. ASiR was applied to the FBP reconstructed images to reduce noise. Similarly, the PICCS reconstruction method was also applied to the same data set to reduce noise. To enable PICCS reconstruction, each FBP‐reconstructed image was forward‐projected to generate a fully‐sampled synthesized projection data set; additionally, it was low‐pass filtered to generate a low‐noise prior image. The forward‐projected data and the low‐pass filtered image were fed into the PICCS reconstruction method to generate a high spatial resolution and low noise image. Nine ROIs (two were in fat, four in soft tissue, three were in air) were used to measure the standard deviation of the noise. The difference images between the FBP image and the PICCS/ASiR images were calculated for visually evaluating the edge degradation. Results: PICCS reduced the noise standard deviation roughly by a factor of 2 for all the measured ROIs. 80% ASiR could achieve a similar noise reduction factor for fat and soft tissues. The noise in air regions in ASiR images was not reduced. Residual anatomical structures were observed in the difference images between FBP and 80% ASiR, while they were barely observable in the difference images between FBP and PICCS. Conclusions: PICCS can be used to reduce the noise by a factor of 2 in pediatric CT while preserving the edges. With the same noise reduction factor, PICCS can better preserve edges than ASiR. The noise reduction of ASiR is selective: it does not work in air regions, while the noise reduction of PICCS is uniform.
Synthesis and Ion-Complexing Properties of a Novel Polymer-Supported Reagent with Diphosphonate Ligands (1996)

A new chelating resin with diphosphonate groups has been synthesized from the tetraethyl ester of 1,1-vinylidenediphosphonic acid. Comonomers such as acrylonitrile allow the sterically hindered monomer to be incorporated into the polymer network. A copolymer was prepared by suspension polymerization in high yield with diphosphonate, acrylonitrile, and styrene in the monomer solution at a 4.5:1:3.1 weight ratio and 5 wt % divinylbenzene as the cross-link agent. Bifunctionality enhances metal ion complexation kinetics. The diphosphonate ligands are selective chelators, while sulfonic acid ligands covalently bound to the phenyl groups enhance the accessibility of metal ions in the polymer matrix. The complexing ability of the polymer is studied with Eu(III) as the target ion in 0.04−4.0 N HNO3 solutions in both the presence and absence of 0.40 N NaNO3. A sulfonic acid ion exchange resin complexes 14.3% Eu(III) while the diphosphonate-based polymer complexes 96.5% from a 1 N HNO3/0.4 N NaNO3 solution.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Is an Independent Predictor of Survival in Advanced Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (2003)

Purpose: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis and an unpredictable course. To date, there are no molecular markers which can reliably predict RCC outcome. We investigated whether a novel kidney cancer marker, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), is associated with progression and survival.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical analysis using a CAIX monoclonal antibody was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from paraffin-embedded specimens from patients ( N = 321) treated by nephrectomy for clear cell RCC. CAIX staining was correlated with response to treatment, clinical factors, pathologic features, and survival.

Results: CAIX staining was present in 94% of clear cell RCCs. Survival tree analysis determined that a cutoff of 85% CAIX staining provided the most accurate prediction of survival. Low CAIX (≤85%) staining was an independent poor prognostic factor for survival for patients with metastatic RCC, with a hazard ratio of 3.10 ( P < 0.001). CAIX significantly substratified patients with metastatic disease when analyzed by T stage, Fuhrman grade, nodal involvement, and performance status ( P < 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.009, = 0.005, respectively). For patients with nonmetastatic RCC and at high risk for progression, low CAIX predicted a worse outcome similar to patients with metastatic disease ( P = 0.058). Overall expression of CAIX decreased with development of metastasis; as demonstrated by the lower CAIX staining levels in metastatic lesions relative to matched primary tumor specimens ( P = 0.036).

Conclusions: On the basis of our data, CAIX is the most significant molecular marker described in kidney cancer to date. Decreased CAIX levels are independently associated with poor survival in advanced RCC. CAIX reflects significant changes in tumor biology, which should be used to predict clinical outcome and identify high-risk patients in need for adjuvant immunotherapy and CAIX-targeted therapies.
Regional Dominant Frequency: A New Tool for Wave Break Identification During Atrial Fibrillation (2018)

Cardiac mapping systems are based on the time/frequency feature analyses of intracardiac electrograms recorded from individual bipolar/unipolar electrodes. Signals from each electrode are processed independently. Such approaches fail to investigate the interrelationship between simultaneously recorded channels of any given mapping catheter during atrial fibrillation (AF). We introduce a novel signal processing technique that reflects regional dominant frequency (RDF) components. We show that RDF can be used to identify and characterize variation and disorganization in wavefront propagation- wave breaks. The intracardiac electrograms from the left atrium of 15 patients were exported to MATLAB and custom software employed to estimate RDF and wave break rate (WBR). We observed a heterogeneous distribution of both RDF and WBR; the two measures were weakly correlated (0.3; <i>p</i> < 0.001). We identified locations of AF or atrial tachycardia (ATach) termination and later compared offline with RDF and WBR maps. We inspected our novel metrics for associations with AF termination sites. Areas associated with AF termination demonstrated high RDF and low WBR (↑RDF,↓WBR). These sites were present in 14 of 15 patients (mean 2.6 ± 1.2 sites per patient; range, 1-4 sites), 43% situated within the pulmonary veins. In nine patients where AF terminated to sinus rhythm (6) or ATach (3), <i>post-hoc</i> analysis demonstrated all ↑RDF,↓WBR sites were ablated and correlated with AF termination sites. The proposed RDF signal processing tools can be used to identify and quantify wave break, and the combined use of these two novel metrics can aid characterization of AF. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Methods and apparatus for injection casting metallic nuclear energy fuel rods (1989)

Molds for making metallic nuclear fuel rods are provided which present reduced risks to the environment by reducing radioactive waste. In one embodiment, the mold is consumable with the fuel rod, and in another embodiment, part of the mold can be re-used. Several molds can be arranged together in a cascaded manner, if desired, or several long cavities can be integrated in a monolithic multiple cavity re-usable mold. 6 figs.
Phosphorylation of phosphazenes and its effects on thermal properties and fire retardant behavior (2000)

Abstract Methods for the incorporation of phosphate and phosphonate units into the side groups of phosphazenes, at both the high polymeric and cyclic trimer levels, are described and evaluated. Halogenated organophosphates were used as the phosphorylating agents and were allowed to react with hydroxyl‐ or lithio‐functionalized phosphazenes. Well‐defined phosphorylated cyclic trimers were synthesized from the hydroxyl‐functionalized precursors, and these were examined as flame‐retardant additives to polystyrene. The thermal stabilities of the high polymers made by this route were analyzed by TGA.
Miniaturized Diaphragm Vacuum Pump by Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing (2017)

This paper reports the first demonstration of a multi-material, fully additively manufactured, miniature diaphragm pump for creation and maintenance of low vacuum from atmospheric conditions. Using polyjet 3-D printing technology with 42 μm XY pixelation and 16 μm or 25 μm tall voxels, a single-stage vacuum pump design with active valves that has a total pumping volume of 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with 5% dead volume was implemented. Optimization of the devices resulted in manufacturing different constitutive parts of the pump in flexible materials of different stiffness. Finite element simulations of the pump design estimate at 0.20 MPa the maximum stress on the piston diaphragm root at full actuation, and at 106 Hz the natural frequency of the compression chamber. While operating at 1.82 Hz, the devices consistently pumped down from atmospheric pressure to 110 Torr in under 4 s, which is the smallest and fastest base pressure reported in the literature for a microfabricated diaphragm vacuum pump. In addition, the pumps can deliver mass flow rates as high as 200 sccm at 535 Torr, which is much higher than any of the reported flow rates from a diaphragm vacuum pump manufactured with standard microfabrication. The outgassing rate of the TangoBlack Plus® photopolymer used to print the pumps was measured and is on par with vacuum compatible elastomers. Compression chamber diaphragms exhibited lifetimes approaching 1 millioncycles, while the valves membranes have not leaked after over 2 million cycles.
Photonic crystals and their potential applications (1998)

A new class of composite materials has emerged which provides a means to control and manipulate light. These materials, known as photonic crystals, are periodic arrays of dielectric scatterers in homogeneous dielectric matrices. They affect the properties of photons in much the same way a semiconductor affects the properties of an electron. Consequently, photons can have band structures, localized defect states, surface states, etc. The ability to mold and guide light will lead to many applications in the control of spontaneous emission and in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices.
A Supramolecular Approach for Preparation of Size‐Controlled Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Aus drei Bausteinen entstehen auf der Grundlage eines Cyclodextrin‐Adamantan‐Erkennungssystems supramolekulare Nanopartikel (SNPs) variabler Größe (30–450 nm). Die Bioverteilung und Lymphknotendrainage der SNPs in Mäusen wurde mit Positronenemissionstomographie untersucht. Die Größen der SNPs beeinflussen ihr In‐vivo‐Verhalten (siehe Bild). magnified image
The neurofilament derived-peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 enters in-vitro in human neural stem cells and increases their differentiation (2018)

Regenerative medicine is a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases by replacing degenerating cells like neurons or oligodendrocytes. Targeting human neural stem cells directly in the brain is a big challenge in such a strategy. The neurofilament derived NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide has recently been introduced as a novel tool to target neural stem cells. Previous studies showed that this peptide can be internalized by rat neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, which coincided with lower proliferation and self-renewal capacity and increase of differentiation. In this study, we analyzed the uptake and potential effects of the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide on human neural stem cells isolated from human fetuses. We showed that the peptide inhibits proliferation and the ability to produce neurospheres in vitro, which is consistent with an increase in cell adhesion and differentiation. These results confirm that the peptide could be a promising molecule to target and manipulate human neural stem cells and thus could serve as a strategic tool for regenerative medicine.