gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Just-In-Time Data Virtualization: Lightweight Data Management with ViDa (2015)

As the size of data and its heterogeneity increase, traditional database system architecture becomes an obstacle to data analysis. Integrating and ingesting (loading) data into databases is quickly becoming a bottleneck in face of massive data as well as increasingly heterogeneous data formats. Still, state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on copying and transforming data into one (or few) repositories. Queries, on the other hand, are often ad-hoc and supported by pre-cooked operators which are not adaptive enough to optimize access to data. As data formats and queries increasingly vary, there is a need to depart from the current status quo of static query processing primitives and build dynamic, fully adaptive architectures. We build ViDa, a system which reads data in its raw format and processes queries using adaptive, just-in-time operators. Our key insight is use of virtualization, i.e., abstracting data and manipulating it regardless of its original format, and dynamic generation of operators. ViDa's query engine is generated just-in-time; its caches and its query operators adapt to the current query and the workload, while also treating raw datasets as its native storage structures. Finally, ViDa features a language expressive enough to support heterogeneous data models, and to which existing languages can be translated. Users therefore have the power to choose the language best suited for an analysis.
Macrolide therapy of chronic Lyme Disease. (2003)

These results support the hypothesis that the Lyme borrelia reside in an acidic endosome and that the use of a lysosomotropic agent augments the clinical activity of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of patients with chronic Lyme Disease. In contrast, the efficacy of tetracycline in such patients is not affected by hydroxychloroquine.
N Type Doping of Strained Epitaxial Germanium Films Using Ion Implantation Followed by Nanosecond Pulse Laser Melting (2015)

The last few years have seen much interest in developing CMOS compatible, Germanium lasers for applications in optical computing, telecommunications, and IR photonics. Band engineering of Ge using a combination of tensile strain and high n-type doping has been experimentally shown to facilitate efficient recombination through the direct bandgap (Gamma-valley (111)), producing population inversion and gain. The gain has been theorized and experimentally shown to increase linearly with active n-type doping. Simulations suggest that for lasing emission near 1550nm in 0.25% tensile strained Ge, an active dopant concentration of up to 10^20/cm3 is the optimal value for maximum gain. However, in-situ Phosphorus (n-type) doping during Ge epilayer growth using Ultra High Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition (UHVCVD) is limited to dopant concentrations of 1.2×10^19/cm3. This limit is a consequence of the trade-off between out-diffusion of P during the growth process and the Ge growth temperature required to obtain high quality films. To achieve higher active doping concentrations in Ge films, non-thermal equilibrium techniques are preferred.The first demonstration of an electrically pumped Ge laser relied upon delta doping to achieve the high active dopant concentration required for lasing. Here we will discuss results investigating a potentially more scalable doping method to achieve higher active dopant concentration: a combination of ion implantation and nanosecond Pulsed Laser Melting (PLM). Ion implantation can introduce a high impurity concentration into the Ge. Non-equilibrium nanosecond PLM can be used to recover lattice crystallinity while preserving and activating high dopant concentration.In this work, we report the fabrication of tensile strained epi-Ge layers co-implanted with phosphorus doses of 1.8×10^15/cm2 and fluorine (F) doses of 10^14/cm2 and PLM processed at different fluences with a nanosecond 355 nm Nd:YAG laser. F was used to passivate the vacancies and prevent the vacancy-dopant complexes (E-center) that are known to be an important inhibitor of the dopant activation. We present ion implantation and laser induced melting simulations of the Ge films. We show by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy a high lattice recovery after PLM processes. However, Raman spectroscopy shows a significant loss of epi-Ge layer strain after PLM. We detect local vibrational modes related with substitutional P sites. This peak has been observed previously only for P dopant concentrations between 2×10^20/cm3 and 10^21/cm3. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements provide further information on the active dopant concentration by determining bandgap narrowing (BGN) due to the high n-type doping.
Waveguide photonic choke joint with wide out-of-band rejection (2015)

A photonic choke joint structure with a wide- stop-band is proposed for use as a waveguide flange interface. The structure consists of arrays of square metal pillars arranged in a periodic pattern to suppress the dominant-mode wave propagation in parallel-plate waveguide over a wide frequency bandwidth. The measurement results at microwave frequencies confirm the structure can provide broadband suppression, more than 56 dB over 6.25 times its operating frequency. Applications at millimeter wavelength are discussed.
Effect of Selected Chemical Compounds on the Lubrication of Silicon Nitride (1991)

Successful use of advanced ceramics in many tribological applications requires an understanding of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the material. Physical and mechanical data are relatively abundant for most ceramics. However, information on the chemical interactions of ceramics is scarce. This is especially true for chemical interactions with regard to lubrication of these materials. This paper investigates the influence of selected chemical compounds on the friction and wear of silicon nitride under boundary lubrication conditions. A ball-on-three-flat modification of the four-ball wear tester was utilized to evaluate the tribological characteristics of a hot pressed silicon nitride lubricated with a paraffinic base oil containing 1 weight percent additives. Friction, wear, and. film formation tendencies were observed for a range of oil soluble chemical compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and phosphorous. A wide range of additive response was observed. Friction coefficient varied from increases of 30 percent to decreases of 47 percent below that of the base case of paraffin oil without additive. Wear was measured as the wear scar diameter increase above the Hertz diameter. Relative to the base case, wear additive response ranged from an increase in diameter of 61 percent to a decrease of 96 percent. Successful wear reduction was obtained by all phosphorus containing compounds, several glycol compounds, oleic acid, sulfonates, a salicylate, an imidazoline, and a phenate, and was generally associated with the formation of a film in the contact region.
Effect of Aluminum Phosphate Additions on the Crystallization and Bioactivity of Fluorrichterite Glass–Ceramics for Biomedical Applications (2007)

This study evaluated the effect of aluminum phosphate (AlPO 4 ) additions on the crystallization behavior and bioactivity of potassium fluorrichterite glasses and glass–ceramics. Four glass compositions with increasing amounts of AlPO 4 were melted. Mica and fluorrichterite were present in all glass–ceramics after crystallization. The microstructure consisted of platelet‐shaped mica and prismatic fluorrichterite crystals. After incubation in simulated body fluid, a layer consisting of spherical‐nanosized particles was present on the surface of the glasses. X‐ray diffraction revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite after incubation of the glass and glass–ceramic powders. The addition of AlPO 4 promoted mica nucleation and bioactivity in K‐fluorrichterite glass–ceramics.
Melt-textured growth of polycrystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>with high transport<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>J</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>at 77 K (1988)

The progress toward major applications of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$-type high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors has been hindered by low critical current densities (${J}_{c}$) and their significant deterioration in weak magnetic fields. The present work demonstrates that these problems can successfully be overcome through proper microstructural control using molten oxide processing. Melt-textured growth of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ from a supercooled melt created an essentially 100% dense structure consisting of locally aligned, long, needle-shaped grains (typically 40--600 \ensuremath{\mu}m in length). The needles appear to have their long axes parallel to the conduction plane (basal plane) of the orthorhombic structure, with a low-angle orientation change between adjacent grains. This new microstructure, which completely replaces the previous granular and random structure of the sintered precursor, exhibits a dramatically higher transport ${J}_{c}$ (7400 A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 77 K) than the typical sintered materials (${J}_{c}$=150--600 A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). Even more significant is the much reduced field dependence of ${J}_{c}$(\ensuremath{\approxeq}1000 A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at H=1 T as compared to \ensuremath{\approxeq}1 A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in the sintered structure), indicating that the coupling between grains is much stronger in the new structure. The mechanism responsible for the suppressed weak-link behavior in the melt-textured material is inferred to be the combined effects of the densification, alignment of crystals, and formation of cleaner grain boundaries.
Cancer-associated mutations at the <i>INK4a</i> locus cancel cell cycle arrest by p16 <sup>INK4a</sup> but not by the alternative reading frame protein p19 <sup>ARF</sup> (1997)

The INK4a gene, one of the most frequently disrupted tumor suppressor loci in human cancer, encodes two unrelated proteins, p16INK4a and p19ARF, each of which is capable of inducing cell cycle arrest. Splicing of alternative first exons (1 alpha vs. 1 beta) to a common second exon within INK4a generates mRNAs in which exon 2 sequences are translated in two different reading frames. One of the products, the cyclin D-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a, is functionally inactivated by mutations or deletions in a wide variety of cancers. However, because many such mutations reside in exon 2, they also affect the alternative reading frame (ARF) protein. To determine whether such mutations disrupt p19ARF function, we introduced naturally occurring missense mutations into mouse INK4a exon 2 sequences and tested mutant p16INK4a and p19ARF proteins for their ability to inhibit cell cycle progression. Six p19ARF point mutants remained fully active in mediating cell cycle arrest in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, whereas two of the corresponding mutations within p16INK4a resulted in complete loss of activity. Analysis of p19ARF deletion mutants indicated that the unique aminoterminal domain encoded by exon 1 beta was both necessary and sufficient for inducing G1 arrest. Therefore, cancer-associated mutations within exon 2 of the INK4a gene specifically target p16INK4a, and not p19ARF, for inactivation.
Sound propagation in water containing large tethered spherical encapsulated gas bubbles with resonance frequencies in the 50 Hz to 100 Hz range (2011)

The efficacy of large tethered encapsulated gas bubbles for the mitigation of low frequency underwater noise was investigated with an acoustic resonator technique. Tethered latex balloons were used as the bubbles, which had radii of approximately 5 cm. Phase speeds were inferred from the resonances of a water and balloon-filled waveguide approximately 1.8 m in length. The Commander and Prosperetti effective-medium model [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 732-746 (1989)] quantitatively described the observed dispersion from well below to just below the individual bubble resonance frequency, and it qualitatively predicted the frequency range of high attenuation for void fractions between 2% and 5% for collections of stationary balloons within the waveguide. A finite-element model was used to investigate the sensitivity of the waveguide resonance frequencies, and hence the inferred phase speeds, to changes in individual bubble size and position. The results indicate that large tethered encapsulated bubbles could be used mitigate low frequency underwater noise and that the Commander and Prosperetti model would be useful in the design of such a system.
Structure–Effect Relationships of Novel Semi-Synthetic Cannabinoid Derivatives (2019)

Background: As a library of cannabinoid derivatives with (-)-trans-cannabidiol (CBD) or (−)-trans-cannabidivarin (CBDV) scaffold, we synthesized nine novel cannabinoids: 2-HEC, 2-HPC, GCBD, CHC, HC, NMSC, 2-HECBDV, CHCBDV, HCBDV. Their binding and intrinsic effects at the cannabinoid (CB)1- and CB2-receptor and the effects on inflammatory signaling cascades were investigated in in vitro and ex vivo cell models. Materials and methods: Binding affinity was studied in membranes isolated from CB-receptor-transfected HEK293EBNA cells, intrinsic functional activity in CHO cells, and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin (IO)-treated Jurkat T-cells. Inhibition of interleukin (IL)-17 induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-1β, CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) was studied in RAW264.7 macrophages at the RNA level. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression was investigated at the protein level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary human monocytes. Results: Derivatives with long aliphatic side chains at the ester position at R1 (HC [5]) as well as the ones with polar side chains (2-HECBDV [7], NMSC [6], 2-HEC [1]) can be selective for CB2-receptors. The CBDV-derivatives HCBDV and CHCBDV demonstrated specific binding at CB1- and CB2-receptors at nanomolar concentrations. 2-HEC, 2-HPC, GCBD, and NMSC were agonists at CB2- and antagonists at CB1-receptors. 2-HECBDV was an agonist at CB2-receptor and an antagonist at the CB1-receptor. NMSC inhibited NF-κB and NFAT activity, and 2-HEC, 2-HPC, and GCBD dose-dependently inhibited PMA/IO-stimulated NFAT activation. CHC and HC dose-dependently reduced IL-1β and CCL2 mRNA expression. NMSC inhibited IL-1β, CCL2, and TNF-α at lower doses. At higher doses, it induced a pronounced increase in IL-6 mRNA. 2-HEC, 2-HPC, and GCBD dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 synthesis. NMSC further increased LPS-stimulated IL-1β release, but inhibited IL-8, TNF-α, and PGE2. Conclusion: The CBD- and CBDV-derivatives studied are suitable for targeting CB-receptors. Some may be used as selective CB2 agonists. The length of the aliphatic rest at R2 of CBD (pentyl) and CBDV (propyl) did not correlate with the binding affinity. Higher polarity at R1 appeared to favor the agonistic activity at CB2-receptors.
Mechanisms of Radiation Toxicity in Transformed and Non-Transformed Cells (2013)

Radiation damage to biological systems is determined by the type of radiation, the total dosage of exposure, the dose rate, and the region of the body exposed. Three modes of cell death-necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy-as well as accelerated senescence have been demonstrated to occur in vitro and in vivo in response to radiation in cancer cells as well as in normal cells. The basis for cellular selection for each mode depends on various factors including the specific cell type involved, the dose of radiation absorbed by the cell, and whether it is proliferating and/or transformed. Here we review the signaling mechanisms activated by radiation for the induction of toxicity in transformed and normal cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radiation toxicity is critical for the development of radiation countermeasures as well as for the improvement of clinical radiation in cancer treatment.
Flatness Based Control and Model Predictive Trajectory Generation for Boom Cranes (2009)

The main control tasks for automation of crane operation are load sway damping and load velocity tracking control. A non-linear dynamic crane model combines the equations of motion of the rope suspended load and approximations of the actuator dynamics. Using the flatness property of the crane model, a non-linear controller is obtained by feedback linearization. Smooth and feasible reference trajectories are generated as solutions of an optimal control problem. The control system is implemented at a LIEBHERR harbor mobile crane. Measurement results show the validity of the approach.
Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues (2017)

Chemically modified versions of trehalose, or trehalose analogues, have applications in biology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical science, among other fields. For instance, trehalose analogues bearing detectable tags have been used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may have applications as tuberculosis diagnostic imaging agents. Hydrolytically stable versions of trehalose are also being pursued due to their potential for use as non-caloric sweeteners and bioprotective agents. Despite the appeal of this class of compounds for various applications, their potential remains unfulfilled due to the lack of a robust route for their production. Here, we report a detailed protocol for the rapid and efficient one-step biocatalytic synthesis of trehalose analogues that bypasses the problems associated with chemical synthesis. By utilizing the thermostable trehalose synthase (TreT) enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax, trehalose analogues can be generated in a single step from glucose analogues and uridine diphosphate glucose in high yield (up to quantitative conversion) in 15-60 min. A simple and rapid non-chromatographic purification protocol, which consists of spin dialysis and ion exchange, can deliver many trehalose analogues of known concentration in aqueous solution in as little as 45 min. In cases where unreacted glucose analogue still remains, chromatographic purification of the trehalose analogue product can be performed. Overall, this method provides a "green" biocatalytic platform for the expedited synthesis and purification of trehalose analogues that is efficient and accessible to non-chemists. To exemplify the applicability of this method, we describe a protocol for the synthesis, all-aqueous purification, and administration of a trehalose-based click chemistry probe to mycobacteria, all of which took less than 1 hour and enabled fluorescence detection of mycobacteria. In the future, we envision that, among other applications, this protocol may be applied to the rapid synthesis of trehalose-based probes for tuberculosis diagnostics. For instance, short-lived radionuclide-modified trehalose analogues (e.g., <sup>18</sup>F-modified trehalose) could be used for advanced clinical imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).
Emissions from energetic material waste during the Molten Salt Destruction process (1994)

The Molten Salt Destruction (MSD) process is an alternative to open burn/open detonation for destroying energetic materials; MSD has inherently low gaseous emissions, and the salt bath can scrub both acidic gases and particulates. It was demonstrated that high explosives and a liquid propellant can be safely and completely destroyed using MSD. Gaseous emissions of NOx and CO are very low. Nitrate builds up in the salt bath when nitrate-rich materials are destroyed, but addition fuel reduces the nitrate to NO. A program has been begun to add catalytic materials to the bed to further reduce emissions; a small molten salt bath has been constructed for chemical kinetic studies.
BIT-enabled VCSEL-based parallel optic transceivers (2012)

We present technology that enables high-resolution optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) within aerospace transceivers. Transceivers with built-in-test (BIT) OTDR can characterize the fiber plant and isolate faults among the multiple fiber segments within the aerospace vehicles: at the board level, backplane level, or within multiple bulkhead links throughout the airframe. BIT OTDR has been proposed for improving reliability and reducing maintenance costs on aerospace platforms.
Microwave Subharmonic Image Rejection Mixer (1989)

Microwave subharmonic image rejection mixer enables to obtain single side band conversion with the use of halved local oscillator frequency. Main features consists of single 3 dB microwave quadrature coupler and suitable duplexer filters. Antiparallel GaAs schottky diodes have been employed. Frequency conversion exhibits, in this case, advantages of both traditional image rejection and single ended subharmonic mixers [1,2,3]. Mixers have been manufactured in microstrip configuration in the signal frequency ranges of 7, 15, 18, 24 GHz and excellent performance has been reached in 10% instantaneous bandwidth. Theoretical approach and experimental results are presented.
Bioderived Acrylates from Alkyl Lactates via Pd-Catalyzed Hydroesterification (2018)

The conversion of methyl and ethyl lactate to their corresponding alkyl 2-(propionyloxy)propanoate esters was achieved by Pd catalyzed hydroesterificative coupling with carbon monoxide (CO) and ethylene (C2H4) at moderate temperatures and CO/C2H4 pressures. A screening of reaction conditions showed that the reaction could be carried out at low loadings of catalyst, which was generated in situ from inexpensive and commercially available reagents. High conversions and product yields were obtained in a variety of solvents and even under neat conditions. Product analysis identified transesterification to be the primary competing reaction, which could be mitigated by changing solvents, as well as minimizing the amount of excess acid present in solution. Pyrolysis of methyl and ethyl 2-(propionyloxy)propanoate transformed these esters into their respective acrylates suitable for subsequent polymerization, along with propionic acid as a valuable coproduct.
Wavelength-Tunable Burst-Mode Receiver with Correlation-Based Polarization Separation (2013)

We demonstrate a fast wavelength-tunable burst-mode receiver for DP-QPSK optical packets. Training symbols are used for frequency offset recovery, packet alignment, and rapid polarization separation using 64-bit cross correlations.