gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Resolution Digital Pre-Compensation for High-Speed Optical Links Based on Dynamic Digital-to-Analog Conversion (2018)

Digital precompensation (DPC) is considered a promising technique for high-throughput optical communication systems. The digital signal processing (DSP) at the transmitter relies on the availability of high-speed and high-resolution digital-to-analog devices to generate complex analog waveforms. However, one major challenge in current digital-to-analog converters (DACs) technology is the limited resolution, which introduces dominant quantization distortions when extensive DSP is implemented. In this paper, a dynamic quantization approach is suggested, termed as digital-resolution-enhancer (DRE), which mitigates the quantization distortion effects. This approach is based on the underlying assumption that quantization is a non-linear deterministic operation, implying that its impact on transmission can be anticipated and minimized. The proposed method is theoretically and experimentally investigated with special focus on linear precompensation for bandwidth limited systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the DRE improves the signal-to-quantization noise-ratio by up to 8 dB. Thus, the DPC can be applied with the reduced number of DAC's bits. Conversely, the DRE can enable the use of more complex DPC schemes using the same DACs hardware, and consequently, achieve extended reaches and higher transmission rates. Numerical simulations are verified by a set of extensive lab experiments. For electrical back-to-back (BTB) transmission, with an analog bandwidth of 13 GHz, 45 Gbaud QAM-64 is demonstrated using only 4 bits DACs. For optical BTB setup with an overall optoelectronic bandwidth of less than 5 GHz, 32 Gbaud QAM-4 is demonstrated using only 2.6 bits DACs.
Quantum-cryptographic entangling probe (2005)

For a general entangling probe attacking the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol in quantum key distribution, I calculate three classes of optimized unitary transformations, all yielding the same maximum information to the probe. The simplest one corresponds to a probe having a two-dimensional Hilbert space of states, and is uniquely determined by the error rate induced by the probe in the legitimate receiver. The second class corresponds to a probe having a four-dimensional Hilbert space of states, and is determined by the error rate and two continuous angle parameters which are mutually constrained by the error rate. The third class corresponds to a probe having a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and is determined by the error rate and two continuous angle parameters, one of which is constrained by the error rate. Furthermore, I show that the simplest quantum circuit representing the optimal entangling probe consists of a single controlled-NOT gate in which the control qubit consists of two polarization-basis states of the signal, the target qubit consists of two probe-basis states, and the initial state of the probe is set by the error rate. A method is determined for measuring the appropriate correlated state of the probe. Finally, a possible implementation of the entangling probe is described.
<title>Superficial tissue optical property determination using spatially resolved measurements close to the source: comparison with frequency-domain photon migration measurements</title> (1999)

Local and superficial optical property characterization of biological tissues can be performed by measuring spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance at small source-detector separations. Monte Carlo simulations and experiments were performed to assess the performance of a spatially-resolved reflectance probe, employing multiple detector fibers (0.3 to 1.4 mm from the source). Under these conditions, the inverse problem, i.e. calculating the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, is necessarily sensitive to the phase function. This effect must be taken into account by considering a new parameter of the phase function, which depends on the first and second moments of the phase function. Probe performance is compared to another technique for quantitatively measuring optical coefficients, based on the analysis of photon density waves (Frequency Domain Photon Migration). The two techniques are found to be in reasonable agreement. However, the spatially resolved probe shows optimum measurement sensitivity in the volume immediately beneath the probe, while FDPM typically samples much larger regions of tissues. Measurements on human brain in vivo are reported using both methods.
Electrodeposition of Aluminum, Aluminum/Magnesium Alloys, and Magnesium from Organometallic Electrolytes (1990)

The electrodeposition of aluminum, magnesium, and the combination of these metals from nonaqueous media is discussed. Plating baths for depositing Al/Mg alloys or for plating essentially pure Mg were developed. These solutions contain alkali meal fluoride or quaternary ammonium halide/aluminium alkyl complexes and dialkyl magnesium dissolved in aromatic hydrocarbons. Alloy deposits over the whole composition range can be plated from these solutions by varying the relative quantities of the aluminium and magnesium alkyls and by changing the bath-operating parameters. 18 refs., 4 figs.
Transparent crosslinked ultrashort peptide hydrogel dressing with high shape-fidelity accelerates healing of full-thickness excision wounds (2016)

Wound healing is a major burden of healthcare systems worldwide and hydrogel dressings offer a moist environment conducive to healing. We describe cysteine-containing ultrashort peptides that self-assemble spontaneously into hydrogels. After disulfide crosslinking, the optically-transparent hydrogels became significantly stiffer and exhibited high shape fidelity. The peptide sequence (LIVAGKC or LK6C) was then chosen for evaluation on mice with full-thickness excision wounds. Crosslinked LK6C hydrogels are handled easily with forceps during surgical procedures and offer an improvement over our earlier study of a non-crosslinked peptide hydrogel for burn wounds. LK6C showed low allergenic potential and failed to provoke any sensitivity when administered to guinea pigs in the Magnusson-Kligman maximization test. When applied topically as a dressing, the medium-infused LK6C hydrogel accelerated re-epithelialization compared to controls. The peptide hydrogel is thus safe for topical application and promotes a superior rate and quality of wound healing.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND RECEPTOR BINDING STUDIES RELEVANT TO THE NEUROLEPTIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME 1‐METHYL‐4‐PIPERIDYLIDENE‐9‐SUBSTITUTED‐PYRROLO(2,1‐B)(3)BENZAZEPINE DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Die aus den cyclischen Ketonen (I) zugänglichen Verbindungen (II) werden auf antigsxchotische Wirkung untersucht.
Terahertz-frequency dielectric anisotropy in three-dimensional polymethacrylates fabricated by stereolithography (2020)

The anisotropic optical dielectric functions of slanted columnar layers fabricated using polymethacrylate based stereolithography are reported for the terahertz-frequency domain using generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry. The slanted columnar layers are composed of spatially coherent columnar structures with a diameter of 100 µm and a length of 700 µm that are tilted by 45° with respect to the surface normal of the substrates. A simple biaxial (orthorhombic) layer homogenization approach is used to analyze the terahertz ellipsometric data obtained at three different sample azimuthal orientations. The permittivity along the major polarizability directions varies by almost 25%. Our results demonstrate that stereolithography allows tailoring of the polarizability and anisotropy of the host material, and provides a flexible alternative metamaterials fabrication method for the terahertz spectral range.
Impact of EUV mask absorber sidewall angle on patterning robustness (2018)

Investigations into extreme ultraviolet lithograph (EEUVL) image formation of horizontal (perpendicular to the illumination angle) features have found asymmetric aerial images. This is an expected outcome of the off-axis chief ray angle (CRA)) illumination in the EUV lithography system. The asymmetry arises from interference effects in the mask multilayer stack as well as interactions with the mask absorber. The aerial image arriving at the wafer displays an asymmetric shape, which contributes too a reduced contrast on the dark-side absorber, while the light-side absorber contrast remains sharp. This is not the preferred situation as the low-contrast dark-side can lead to reduced imaging robustness during manufacturing. Preliminary studies show that mask absorber sidewall angle (SWA) impacts pattern formation partially through aerial image asymmetries. The light and dark-side of the absorbers form a standing wave in the gap between them due to absorber side wall reflection and corner scattering. The absorbers’ standing waves further interact with the standing waves from the mask stack. Optimizing the absorber SWA is hypothesized to improve contrast thereby improving patterning robustness. This study investigated the impact of absorber SWA on aerial image shape using simulation. The study was designed to understand if an optimal SWWA exists that improves patterning robustness in a manufacturing environment. CD, contrast, focus response, and other data were gathered and presented to understand the impact of SWA on patterning. From these simulated data, the possibility of an optimum SWA was explored.
<title>Audio steganography by amplitude or phase modification</title> (2003)

This paper presents the results of embedding short covert message utterances on a host, or cover, utterance by modifying the phase or amplitude of perceptually masked or significant regions of the host. In the first method, the absolute phase at selected, perceptually masked frequency indices was changed to fixed, covert data-dependent values. Embedded bits were retrieved at the receiver from the phase at the selected frequency indices. Tests on embedding a GSM-coded covert utterance on clean and noisy host utterances showed no noticeable difference in the stego compared to the hosts in speech quality or spectrogram. A bit error rate of 2 out of 2800 was observed for a clean host utterance while no error occurred for a noisy host. In the second method, the absolute phase of 10 or fewer perceptually significant points in the host was set in accordance with covert data. This resulted in a stego with successful data retrieval and a slightly noticeable degradation in speech quality. Modifying the amplitude of perceptually significant points caused perceptible differences in the stego even with small changes of amplitude made at five points per frame. Finally, the stego obtained by altering the amplitude at perceptually masked points showed barely noticeable differences and excellent data recovery.
Multi-source combined-media video tracking for summarization (2003)

Video summarization is receiving increasing attention due to the large amount of video content made available on the Internet. We present an idea to track video from multiple sources for video summarization. An algorithm that takes advantage of both video and closed caption text information for video scene clustering is described. Experimental results are given followed by discussion on future directions.
Ethylene-Induced Stabilization of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1 Is Mediated by Proteasomal Degradation of EIN3 Binding F-Box 1 and 2 That Requires EIN2 in <i>Arabidopsis</i>   (2010)

Plant responses to ethylene are mediated by regulation of EBF1/2-dependent degradation of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor. Here, we report that the level of EIL1 protein is upregulated by ethylene through an EBF1/2-dependent pathway. Genetic analysis revealed that EIL1 and EIN3 cooperatively but differentially regulate a wide array of ethylene responses, with EIL1 mainly inhibiting leaf expansion and stem elongation in adult plants and EIN3 largely regulating a multitude of ethylene responses in seedlings. When EBF1 and EBF2 are disrupted, EIL1 and EIN3 constitutively accumulate in the nucleus and remain unresponsive to exogenous ethylene application. Further study revealed that the levels of EBF1 and EBF2 proteins are downregulated by ethylene and upregulated by silver ion and MG132, suggesting that ethylene stabilizes EIN3/EIL1 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 proteasomal degradation. Also, we found that EIN2 is indispensable for mediating ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 accumulation and EBF1/2 degradation, whereas MKK9 is not required for ethylene signal transduction, contrary to a previous report. Together, our studies demonstrate that ethylene similarly regulates EIN3 and EIL1, the two master transcription factors coordinating myriad ethylene responses, and clarify that EIN2 but not MKK9 is required for ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 stabilization. Our results also reveal that EBF1 and EBF2 act as essential ethylene signal transducers that by themselves are subject to proteasomal degradation.
Abstract 4587: A human hybrid immuno-oncology construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing the serine protease granzyme B (2017)

Abstract Targeting immune effector cells to tumors has recently emerged as a clinically-relevant approach for therapy. The underlying mechanism for immune effector killing involves T or B-cell-mediated delivery of the serine protease granzyme B to the target cells. The cell-surface receptor Fn14 for the TNF-related cytokine TWEAK has emerged as a potentially valuable target for cancer therapy because its expression is low in most normal tissues but significantly elevated in a variety of solid tumor types. The serine protease Granzyme B (GrB) is a highly cytotoxic component of human immune effector cells and induces multiple, intense pro-apoptotic signals when delivered to the cytoplasm of target cells. This protein has been well-studied, operating through multimodal pathways which are both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent. Our laboratory has designed series of new Fn14-targeted fusion constructs containing an engineered GrB payload. The GrB-Fc-IT4 construct is a completely human homodimer (~200kDa) containing an IgG Fc domain for prolonged serum half-life. This construct displays high-level protein production in an HEK293E expression system. It exhibits high affinity and selective cytotoxicity within the nanomolar range (IC50 ranged from 4 to 284 nM) when tested against a panel of 25 Fn14-positive human cancer cell lines. We are currently assessing a panel of 100 annotated NSCLC cell lines to try to define a molecular fingerprint related to cellular sensitivity or resistance to the GrB payload. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that GrB-Fc-IT4 exhibited a bi-exponential clearance from plasma with a rapid initial clearance (t ½α = 0.36 hours) followed by a prolonged terminal-phase plasma half-life (t 1/2β = 35 hours). Mice bearing MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumor xenografts were intravenously treated with saline, or GrB-Fc-IT4 construct (QODX5). On average, tumors from saline-treated mice grew about 10-fold over 40 days. In contrast, tumors from mice treated with GrB-FC-IT4 did not grow during this period and remained the same size as at the onset of treatment. Moreover, 3/5 mice treated with GrB-Fc-IT4 showed complete tumor regression lasting beyond day 80 (end of the study). Overall, treatment with GrB-FC-IT4 was well-tolerated by mice (no loss of body weight) and resulted in significant anti-tumor efficacy. Toxicology and bio-distribution studies are ongoing and will be presented. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: Ana Alvarez de Cienfuegos, Lawrence H. Cheung, Khalid A. A. Mohamedali, Jeffrey A. Winkles, Michael G. Rosenblum. A human hybrid immuno-oncology construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing the serine protease granzyme B [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4587
MAC aggregation protocols resilient to DoS attacks (2012)

In smart grid, sensor measurements are often sent to a control node over a hop–by–hop network of sensors themselves. To prevent en route accidental and malicious data corruption, each message is authenticated with a MAC, keyed with a symmetric key known to the generating sensor and the control node. MACs represent a significant overhead: a typical 128–bit MAC may often authenticate a 10–bit temperature reading. To mitigate these overheads, MAC aggregation methods were proposed. However, previously proposed MAC aggregation schemes are not resilient to Denial–of–Service (DoS) attacks, where a rogue node or a man–in–the–middle attacker can easily disrupt the entire set of MACs, and hence prevent using any of the transmitted data. In this work we propose a new way of MAC aggregation, which will allow the relay sensors to greatly reduce transmission overhead due to MACs, while achieving full unforgeability, and, simultaneously, much stronger resilience to DoS attacks.
A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance. (1999)

The genes responsible for insulin resistance are poorly defined. Plasma cell differentiation antigen (PC-1) glycoprotein inhibits insulin receptor signaling and is associated with insulin resistance. We describe here a novel polymorphism in exon 4 of the PC-1 gene (K121Q) and demonstrate that it is strongly associated with insulin resistance in 121 healthy nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) nondiabetic (by oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) Caucasians from Sicily. Compared with 80 KK subjects, Q allele carriers (n = 41, 39 KQ and 2 QQ) showed higher glucose and insulin levels during OGTT (P < 0.001 by two-way analysis of variance) and insulin resistance by euglycemic clamp (M value = 5.25 +/- 1.38 [n = 24] vs. 6.30 +/- 1.39 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) [n = 49], P = 0.005). Q carriers had higher risk of being hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant (odds ratio [CI]: 2.99 [1.28-7.0], P < 0.001). Insulin receptor autophosphorylation was reduced (P < 0.01) in cultured skin fibroblasts from KQ versus KK subjects. Skeletal muscle PC-1 content was not different in 11 KQ versus 32 KK subjects (33 +/- 16.1 vs. 17.5 +/- 15 ng/mg protein, P = 0.3). These results suggest a cause-effect relationship between the Q carrying genotype and the insulin resistance phenotype, and raise the possibility that PC-1 genotyping could identify individuals who are at risk of developing insulin resistance, a condition that predisposes to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
M-blocks: Momentum-driven, magnetic modular robots (2013)

In this paper, we describe a novel self-assembling, self-reconfiguring cubic robot that uses pivoting motions to change its intended geometry. Each individual module can pivot to move linearly on a substrate of stationary modules. The modules can use the same operation to perform convex and concave transitions to change planes. Each module can also move independently to traverse planar unstructured environments. The modules achieve these movements by quickly transferring angular momentum accumulated in a self-contained flywheel to the body of the robot. The system provides a simplified realization of the modular actions required by the sliding cube model using pivoting. We describe the principles, the unit-module hardware, and extensive experiments with a system of eight modules.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the transferrin-binding protein 1 gene from <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> (1996)

Two outer-membrane proteins are involved in the uptake of iron from transferrin by certain Gram-negative bacteria, transferrin-binding proteins 1 and 2. The gene encoding transferrin-binding protein 1 from a serotype 1 isolate of the Gram-negative pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was cloned, and a fragment encoding 700 amino acids of Tbp1 was expressed in Escherichia coli. We also report here sequencing of the tbpl gene and a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with Tbpls from related species. The predicted polypeptide product of tbpl is a 106 kDa protein with a 22-residue signal peptide.
Novel pH-sensitive polymers containing sulfonamide groups (1999)

Novel pH-sensitive polymers were synthesized by copolymerizing a monomer derivatized from 4-amino-N-[4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl]benzene sulfonamide with N,N-dimethylacrylamide. The linear copolymers showed pH-sensitive solubility, while chemically crosslinked hydrogels exhibit a relatively sharp transition in swelling around physiological pH. These changes were found to be reversible. By varying the type of sulfonamide and the copolymer composition, a new class of pH-sensitive polymers with a broad range of transition pH can be synthesized.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> monitoring of the relative distribution of radicals by a two probe system (1995)

A new technique to determine the relative spatial distribution of radical concentration without Abel transformation is presented. By monitoring spatial light intensities with an optical probe inserted into the plasma, the relative spatial distribution of the radical species is investigated. The relative spatial uniformity of the radical atom is also investigated by normalizing the emission intensity of the radical atoms to the plasma parameters (electron-impact excitation rate coefficient and plasma density). The movable probe technique has a simple configuration and provides accurate information on the relative spatial distribution of radicals in any plasma source.
Volume Measurements in the Embryonic Zebrafish Heart using 4D Confocal Microscopy (2006)

Recently developed confocal microscopes allow image acquisition at rapid frame-rates (e.g. 120 frames per second for images of size 512 by 512 pixels) and open new avenues for cardiac imaging at the microscopic scale. The reconstruction and analysis of dynamic 3D data of embryonic hearts require further image processing. The main challenges are the handling of the considerable amount of data generated for each experiment and the need for a reliable and repeatable analysis procedure. Here we present the workflow for the reconstruction of 4D volumetric data from nongated 2D image sequences acquired in living zebrafish embryos and the subsequent data analysis to extract atrial and ventricular volume changes over time. The former is performed using a wavelet-based synchronization procedure while the latter is made possible via semi-automatic segmentation of the atrial and ventricular heart regions.
SERA: Simulation Environment for Radiotherapy Applications - Users Manual Version 1CO (2002)

This document is the user manual for the Simulation Environment for Radiotherapy Applications (SERA) software program developed for boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) patient treatment planning by researchers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and students and faculty at Montana State University (MSU) Computer Science Department. This manual corresponds to the final release of the program, Version 1C0, developed to run under the RedHat Linux Operating System (version 7.2 or newer) or the Solaris™ Operating System (version 2.6 or newer). SERA is a suite of command line or interactively launched software modules, including graphical, geometric reconstruction, and execution interface modules for developing BNCT treatment plans. The program allows the user to develop geometric models of the patient as derived from Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images, perform dose computation for these geometric models, and display the computed doses on overlays of the original images as three dimensional representations. This manual provides a guide to the practical use of SERA, but is not an exhaustive treatment of each feature of the code.
Synthesis of 3‐O‐Acyl/3‐Benzylidene/3‐Hydrazone/3‐Hydrazine/17‐Carboxyacryloyl Ester Derivatives of Betulinic Acid as anti‐Angiogenic Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.