gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
‘GA 03564‐12E6’: A High‐Yielding Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivar Adapted to Georgia and the Southeastern Regions of the United States (2017)

Soft red winter wheat (SRWW) ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in the southeastern region of the United States and in Georgia. Although wheat acreages have been decreasing in Georgia and the SE region in recent years, more than 100,000 ha were grown to SRWW in 2015. Newly released cultivars must have high yield potential, excellent resistance levels to predominant diseases and insects, and good quality to capture and maximize regional market value. One objective of the SRWW breeding program at the University of Georgia (UGA) is to develop and release SRWW cultivars adapted to the SE wheat region with high yield, quality, and pest resistance. ‘GA 03564‐12E6’ (Reg. No. CV‐1122, PI 677366) SRWW was developed by the UGA small grains breeding program and the SUNGRAINS cooperative and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and licensed to Limagrain Cereal Seeds as L11544 in 2015. GA 03564‐12E6 was released primarily for its wide adaptation to the SE region with high grain yield, excellent Hessian fly resistance, and excellent grain volume weight. Additionally, GA 03564‐12E6 has good resistance to races of leaf rust and stripe rust predominant in Georgia and the SE United States. It has good resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ) and Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus and has acceptable SRWW milling and baking quality. However, it is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab [caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch].
A practical superconducting fault current limiter (2009)

This paper discusses the increasing requirements for an effective means of controlling fault levels on electrical networks and describes the work by Rolls-Royce and partners to develop a practical superconducting fault current limiter. Practical superconducting fault current limiters require materials with a high tolerance to mechanical process handling and must be sufficiently robust not to be damaged by the severe electro-magnetic and thermal stresses imposed when restricting a fault current. Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is amongst the most promising materials under consideration for superconducting fault current limiters. This paper reports tests which have been carried out on several MgB2 round wire samples wound with small bend diameters. Electrical characteristics and fault current limiting abilities were determined of a number of MgB2 samples when cooled to below their critical temperature. During these tests strong and repeatable current limiting properties were observed for 50 Hz ac applications. Furthermore, MgB2 exhibited unusually high tolerance to mechanical process handling, clearly differentiating itself from other superconducting materials. Further development work is now underway to facilitate a utility-scale demonstrator suitable for operation within a distribution network. (4 pages)
Size effect of high contrast gratings in VCSELs (2009)

We report on the effects of shrinking the physical size of a high index contrast grating (HCG) on a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). HCGs previously had been simulated assuming infinite periodicity. Here we probe through simulation and experiment the effect of reducing the HCG to only a few periods. We experimentally realize lasing VCSELs with as few as 4 periods of HCG. By shrinking the HCG to an extremely small size and integrating it on a wavelength tunable VCSEL, we are able to achieve a tunable VCSEL with a record fast mechanical tuning response of >27 MHz. This is a 5X improvement over the fastest previously reported wavelength tunable VCSELs.
Highly sensitive micro-mechanical fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor combined with a new multiplexable interrogation principle (2000)

The paper describes a micro mechanical Bragg grating acceleration sensor with enhanced sensitivity by force amplification. A new multiplexable and affordable interrogation scheme that uses two overlapping Bragg gratings within the sensor will be demonstrated.
Flight accident prevention with hazard priority based realtime risk reduction (2001)

Flight safety can be improved by optimising pilot awareness in flight critical situations. In order to reduce the number of aircraft accidents a fuzzy logic based cockpit warning system has been developed. Main features of the system are the provision of top messages for the pilot in order to deliver demands for actions to overcome the critical conditions. The warnings are provided with the necessary time advantage. The priority of the actual selected and displayed warning advice is continuously evaluated. The implemented expert knowledge is based on flight safety analysis. Risk combinations are detected online by the integrated fuzzy logic based sensor and flight parameter evaluation. The system has been evaluated by real accident flight data (B757, X-31). It has the capability to react to previously undefined risk combinations independent of specific aircraft types.
Establishment and characterization of a human plasma cell myeloma culture having a rearranged cellular myc proto-oncogene (1986)

Using a serum-free defined medium, we have established a human cell line, NCI-H929, from a malignant effusion occurring in a patient with IgAk myeloma. The cultured cells have the morphologic, ultrastructural, biochemical, immunologic, and cytochemical features of plasma cells. The cells have rearranged alpha and kappa genes and synthesize and secrete high amounts of IgAk (greater than 80 micrograms/10(6) cells per 24 hours). The cells express surface immunoglobulin (alpha and kappa), the plasma cell antigen PCA-1, the transferrin receptor (T9) and T10 but lack antigens associated with earlier stages of B cell development (HLA-DR, B1, B2, B4, CALLA), as well as other leukocyte-macrophage antigens and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen. Although molecular studies confirm that both the tumor and cultured cells are derived from the same clone of malignant B cells, the tumor cells were predominantly near-diploid, whereas the cultured cells are predominantly near-tetraploid with six copies of chromosome 8, four to six of which have an 8q + abnormality. However, both the tumor and the cultured cells have a rearrangement of the cellular c-myc proto-oncogene (located at 8q24) and express c-myc RNA. Although a modest number of human "plasmacytoid" cell lines have been established, most are lymphoblastoid lines lacking plasma cell features, while others appear to be early secretory cells. In contrast, NCI-H929 is a differentiated, highly secretory human plasma cell line.
A feature-based algorithm for detecting and classifying scene breaks (1995)

No abstract available.
Alloying to increase the band gap for improving thermoelectric properties of Ag2Te (2011)

Ag2Te simultaneously shows high mobility and low thermal conductivity, however the relatively low band gap of ∼0.2 eV prevents it from achieving high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, in the high temperature phase. In this study, the band gap of Ag2Te has been increased enabling a zT of unity by forming alloys and composites with PbTe, thereby demonstrating the importance of exploiting potentially good thermoelectrics among these small band gap semiconductors and similar materials.
Robust Mixed 10/12 Helices Promoted by “Alternating Chirality” in a New Family of C-Linked Carbo-β-peptides (2003)

The C-linked carbo-beta-peptides, oligomers of a new class of C-linked carbo-beta3-amino acids, have been shown to generate mixed 12/10 and 10/12 helices. The design involves use of "alternating chirality" of the epimeric (at the amine center) monomers to control the stability of these helices. The observation of stable 12/10 helix in a tripeptide and 10/12 helix in a tetrapeptide is unprecedented.
Polyhedral compilation for energy efficiency (2016)

In the last decade, the scope of software optimizations expanded to encompass energy consumption on top of the classical runtime minimization objective. In that context, several optimizations have been developed to improve the software energy efficiency. However, these optimizations commonly rely on long profiling steps and are often implemented as unstable runtime systems, which limits their applicability. We propose in this paper a new energy model and two associated energy optimizations that can be performed at compilation time, without having to profile the compiled programs. The model predicts the energy consumption of programs at compilation time using the precise software representation available in the polyhedral model. The energy model is then used at the core of two compiler optimizations to generate more efficient programs. The model and the two optimizations have been implemented in the R-Stream compiler.
Incorporating Variable Vascular Heat Exchangers into Models Of Human Thermoregulation (2011)

Models of human thermoregulatory function generally assume that heat transfer across the skin surface is uniform. However, only glabrous skin regions contain unique vascular structures that enable a large volume of blood to flow immediately below the skin surface. These are the body’s radiators. We are constructing a novel model of thermoregulatory function that incorporates heat transfer across the glabrous skin regions as separate from heat transfer across the general skin surface.
End-to-End Attention based Text-Dependent Speaker Verification (2017)

A new type of End-to-End system for text-dependent speaker verification is presented in this paper. Previously, using the phonetically discriminative/speaker discriminative DNNs as feature extractors for speaker verification has shown promising results. The extracted frame-level (DNN bottleneck, posterior or d-vector) features are equally weighted and aggregated to compute an utterance-level speaker representation (d-vector or i-vector). In this work we use speaker discriminative CNNs to extract the noise-robust frame-level features. These features are smartly combined to form an utterance-level speaker vector through an attention mechanism. The proposed attention model takes the speaker discriminative information and the phonetic information to learn the weights. The whole system, including the CNN and attention model, is joint optimized using an end-to-end criterion. The training algorithm imitates exactly the evaluation process --- directly mapping a test utterance and a few target speaker utterances into a single verification score. The algorithm can automatically select the most similar impostor for each target speaker to train the network. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed end-to-end system on Windows $10$ "Hey Cortana" speaker verification task.
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy based on multianode photomultiplier tubes (2007)

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) enhances imaging speed by parallelization. It is not well understood why the imaging depth of MMM is significantly shorter than conventional single-focus multiphoton microscopy (SMM). In this report, we show that the need for spatially resolved detectors in MMM results in a system that is more sensitive to the scattering of emission photons with reduced imaging depth. For imaging depths down to twice the scattering mean free path length of emission photons (2xl (s) (em)), the emission point spread function (PSF(em)) is found to consist of a narrow, diffraction limited distribution from ballistic emission photons and a broad, relatively low amplitude distribution from scattered photons. Since the scattered photon distribution is approximately 100 times wider than that of the unscattered photons at 2xl (s) (em), image contrast and depth are degraded without compromising resolution. To overcome the imaging depth limitation of MMM, we present a new design that replaces CCD cameras with multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) allowing more efficient collection of scattered emission photons. We demonstrate that MAPMT-based MMM has imaging depth comparable to SMM with equivalent sensitivity by imaging tissue phantoms, ex vivo human skin specimens based on endogenous fluorophores, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing neurons in mouse brain slices.
Improved breast tumor extraction in echographic images using fuzzy reasoning (2003)

Precise extraction of the breast tumor region is essential for differentiation of breast cancer from benign tumors. In this paper, an improved algorithm for extracting the tumor region based on fuzzy logic, in which the fuzzy membership function is automatically generated by using a three-dimensional Laplacian of Gaussian filtering with two kinds of standard deviations, is presented. The results for over 100 clinical cases have shown the consistency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Increasing the tolerance of the non-conventional yeast Candida intermedia to ethanol and lignocellulose-derived inhibitors (2016)

The necessity of providing ‘robust microorganisms’ – defined as the ability to efficiently ferment all the available sugars (both hexoses and pentoses) and to cope with the main stressors present during the fermentation process (including biomass-derived products and ethanol) – represents one of the major challenges for a cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred fermentative microorganism in the current bioethanol industry due to its superior fermentation capacity of hexose sugars and its tolerance to several inhibitory compounds. The main disadvantage of S. cerevisiae is, however, its inability to ferment xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulose (>30% of the total sugar). Metabolic and evolutionary engineering methods have been applied to allow xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. Still, xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains lack an efficient xylose-to-ethanol conversion system and issues such as low xylose uptake rates and conversion yields, redox imbalance and the lack of simultaneous use of glucose and xylose are important parameters that still need to be optimized. As an alternative to genetically modified S. cerevisiae strains, non-conventional, native xylose-utilizing yeasts such as the Scheffersomyces species S. stipitis and S. shehatae, Spathaspora passalidarum and various Candida species (C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii or C. intermedia) have been considered for the fermentation of pentose sugars. These yeasts have, however, a modest tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol, which limits their applicability. Candida intermedia is a xylose-fermenting yeast species that encompasses a high capacity xylose transport system. This trait makes C. intermedia attractive for being a non-GMO alternative in the lignocellulosic bioethanol industry. In the present work, the ethanol tolerance and the fermentation capacity in the presence of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors of an in-house isolated C. intermedia strain was evaluated. The isolated strain showed a medium-tolerance towards lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, being more sensitive when using xylose as a carbon source. The ethanol concentration above which there is no growth was estimated to be 42 g/L when growing in glucose and 55 g/L when growing in xylose. The isolated strain was subjected to evolutionary engineering with the aim of increasing its tolerance towards both lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol. The obtained evolved population was able to ferment a lignocellulosic hydrolysate (steam-exploded wheat straw), not fermentable by the isolated strain. Furthermore, the evolved population produced higher biomass concentration (7.5-fold higher OD600nm values) when growing in the presence of 36 g/L ethanol, compared to the parental strain. These results highlight the potential of C. intermedia to become a robust yeast microorganism for the lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion.
Mutations in <i>CIC</i> and <i>FUBP1</i> Contribute to Human Oligodendroglioma (2011)

Oligodendrogliomas are the second most common malignant brain tumor in adults and exhibit characteristic losses of chromosomes 1p and 19q. To identify the molecular genetic basis for this alteration, we performed exomic sequencing of seven tumors. Among other changes, we found that the CIC gene (homolog of the Drosophila gene capicua) on chromosome 19q was somatically mutated in six cases and that the FUBP1 gene [encoding far-upstream element (FUSE) binding protein] on chromosome 1p was somatically mutated in two tumors. Examination of 27 additional oligodendrogliomas revealed 12 and 3 more tumors with mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively, 58% of which were predicted to result in truncations of the encoded proteins. These results suggest a critical role for these genes in the biology and pathology of oligodendrocytes.
Chromatic Image Analysis For Quantitative Thermal Mapping (1995)

Chromatic image analysis system (CIAS) developed for use in noncontact measurements of temperatures on aerothermodynamic models in hypersonic wind tunnels. Based on concept of temperature coupled to shift in color spectrum for optical measurement. Video camera images fluorescence emitted by phosphor-coated model at two wavelengths. Temperature map of model then computed from relative brightnesses in video images of model at those wavelengths. Eliminates need for intrusive, time-consuming, contact temperature measurements by gauges, making it possible to map temperatures on complex surfaces in timely manner and at reduced cost.
Zero Cost Test Point Insertion Technique for Structured ASICs (2007)

We show different ways in which unused multiplexers (MUXes) and scan flip-flops (flops) in a structured application specific integrated chip (SA) design can be re-configured to insert test points to drastically reduce test volume and test generation time. We convert unused hardware in SAs into: (a) conventional control points, (b) complete test points, (c) pseudo-control points or (d) inversion test points. Since only unused hardware is used, the proposed test point insertion (TPI) technique does not entail any extra hardware overhead. Test points are inserted using timing information, so they do not degrade performance. We also present novel gain functions that quantify the reduction in test volume and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) time due to TPI and are used as heuristics to guide the selection of signal lines for inserting test points. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed technique. Using very little unused hardware and TPI run time, we reduced ATPG time by up to 63.1 % and test data volume by up to 64.5% while also achieving a near 100% fault efficiency for very large industrial designs
Empirical Study on Detecting Controversy in Social Media (2019)

Companies and financial investors are paying increasing attention to social consciousness in developing their corporate strategies and making investment decisions to support a sustainable economy for the future. Public discussion on incidents and events -- controversies -- of companies can provide valuable insights on how well the company operates with regards to social consciousness and indicate the company's overall operational capability. However, there are challenges in evaluating the degree of a company's social consciousness and environmental sustainability due to the lack of systematic data. We introduce a system that utilizes Twitter data to detect and monitor controversial events and show their impact on market volatility. In our study, controversial events are identified from clustered tweets that share the same 5W terms and sentiment polarities of these clusters. Credible news links inside the event tweets are used to validate the truth of the event. A case study on the Starbucks Philadelphia arrests shows that this method can provide the desired functionality.
Application of <sup>16</sup> O/ <sup>18</sup> O reverse proteolytic labeling to determine the effect of biofilm culture on the cell envelope proteome of <b> <i>Porphyromonas gingivali</i> </b> s W50 (2008)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen linked to chronic periodontitis. The bacterium exists as part of a polymicrobial biofilm accreted onto the tooth surface. An understanding of the changes to the proteome especially of the cell envelope of biofilm cells compared with planktonic cells could provide valuable insight into the molecular processes of biofilm formation. To establish which proteins changed in abundance between the planktonic and biofilm growth states, the cell envelope fractions of two biological replicates of P. gingivalis cultivated in a chemostat were analysed. Proteins were separated by 1-D SDS-PAGE, in-gel digested with trypsin in the presence of H216O or H218O and identified and quantified by LC-MALDI TOF/TOF-MS. Using a reverse labeling strategy we identified and quantified the changes in abundance of 81 P. gingivalis cell envelope proteins. No form of bias between the labels was observed. Twenty four proteins increased in abundance and 18 decreased in abundance in the biofilm state. A group of cell-surface located C-Terminal Domain family proteins including RgpA, HagA, CPG70 and PG99 increased in abundance in the biofilm cells. Other proteins that exhibited significant changes in abundance included transport related proteins (HmuY and IhtB), metabolic enzymes (FrdAB) and immunogenic proteins.
[Combi-molecules: a global approach towards better chemoselectivity and chemosensitivity]. (2004)

It is now known that tumour cells possess many signaling pathways to repair damage inflicted by alkylating agents. However, most of these cytotoxic agents only target DNA and this does not suffice to induce sustained antiproliferative activity. Furthermore, the efficacy of antitumour alkylating agents is hampered by a lack of selectivity for tumour tissues. To circumvent these problems, we recently designed a novel strategy termed combi-targeting that sought to synthesize compounds capable of not only damaging DNA, but also blocking signaling associated with aggressive proliferation. The first prototypes described herein can block signaling associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and significantly damage DNA. In addition to their binary EGFR/DNA targeting properties, we demonstrated that their effects are selective for cells to which EGFR has conferred a proliferative advantage. These novel agents with mixed targeting properties are termed "combi-molecules".