gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanomechanical Membrane-type Surface Stress Sensor (2011)

Nanomechanical cantilever sensors have been emerging as a key device for real-time and label-free detection of various analytes ranging from gaseous to biological molecules. The major sensing principle is based on the analyte-induced surface stress, which makes a cantilever bend. In this letter, we present a membrane-type surface stress sensor (MSS), which is based on the piezoresistive read-out integrated in the sensor chip. The MSS is not a simple "cantilever," rather it consists of an "adsorbate membrane" suspended by four piezoresistive "sensing beams," composing a full Wheatstone bridge. The whole analyte-induced isotropic surface stress on the membrane is efficiently transduced to the piezoresistive beams as an amplified uniaxial stress. Evaluation of a prototype MSS used in the present experiments demonstrates a high sensitivity which is comparable with that of optical methods and a factor of more than 20 higher than that obtained with a standard piezoresistive cantilever. The finite element analyses indicate that changing dimensions of the membrane and beams can substantially increase the sensitivity further. Given the various conveniences and advantages of the integrated piezoresistive read-out, this platform is expected to open a new era of surface stress-based sensing.
Scale suppression in lime/limestone FGD systems (1979)

Scale suppression in lime/limestone FGD systems may be to prevent the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Thus, the effect of NO/sub x/ on sulfite oxidation was studied in semibatch laboratory-scale experiments with a 5Vertical Bar3< slurry of hydrated lime containing some fly ash and calcium chloride as the scrubbing liquid and a simulated flue gas containing 76.9Vertical Bar3< by vol nitrogen, 11.1Vertical Bar3< carbon dioxide, 4.7Vertical Bar3< oxygen, 7.0Vertical Bar3< water, 0.25Vertical Bar3< sulfur dioxide, and 0-0.08Vertical Bar3< each of NO and NO/sub x/; the gas flow rate and stirrer speed were held constant at 5 l./min and 1000 rpm, respectively. The NO/sub 2/ acted as a promoter (either catalytically or as a direct oxidant), and NO as an inhibitor, of sulfite oxidation, but the inhibiting effect was insufficient to offset the promoter at NO:NO/sub 2/ molar ratios below 12:1. Oxidation was minimized at 20:1 ratio. The NO/sub x/ composition of industrial boiler flue gases, which typically contain 800 ppm NO/sub x/ at a 9:1 mole ratio can be adjusted by prescrubbing with urea or sulfuric acid solutions to remove NO/sub 2/.
Improving Patient Safety: Integrating Data Visualization and Communication Into Icu Workflow to Reduce Cognitive Load (2015)

A decade of emerging bedside information-visualization devices and clinical decision-support systems has provided intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians with a range of tools that display and intelligently filter data in ways that support patient diagnosis. There is an absence, however, of research that adequately addresses the need for visualization tools (related to context-sensitive information) that can reduce cognitive strain during decision-making. In response to this issue, Medical Information Visualization Assistant (MIVA) was designed to contextually organize patient longitudinal data with visual-enhancing tools for easy, rapid and more accurate analysis/interpretation of real-time patient data. MIVA was envisioned as an electronic medical record (EMR) visualization dashboard to reduce cognitive load and related diagnostic error. The current design phase will include communication tools to enhance MIVA's capacity to support ICU team collaboration. In this paper we describe two studies of MIVA that provide insight into its potential as an effective support for clinical work. Quantitative findings show a significant difference in speed and accuracy of MIVA when compared to paper medical charts. Similarly, qualitative outcomes show that participants acknowledge MIVA's potential to reduce cognitive load, while contributing to a rich social matrix of ICU clinical activity that combines work and information flow.
Organic Syntheses on an Icosahedral Borane Surface:  Closomer Structures with Twelvefold Functionality (2005)

The syntheses of a series of novel ester-linked derivatives of the icosahedral [closo-B12(OH)12]2- boron cluster (closomer esters) are described using several synthetic methods. The reaction of bis(tetrabutylammonium)-closo-dodecahydroxy-dodecaborate, [NBu4]2 1, with carboxylic acid chlorides and anhydrides, vinyl esters with a Y5(OiPr)13O catalyst and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated carboxylic acids yields the corresponding dianionic dodeca-ester closomers. The method using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated carboxylic acids may be employed as a general synthetic strategy. The use of elevated reaction temperatures, achievable under pressure, to expedite syntheses is described. An attractive methodology using immobilized scavenger reagents for the expeditious purification of the closomer esters was employed. The developed methodology is compatible with a variety of peripheral functional groups attached to the termini of densely packed, carboxylate ester-linked radial arms bonded to the icosahedral borane surface. A closomer ester having twelve terminal amino groups was prepared, and without isolation, fully acetylated in good yield.
1E-3 Tomographic Photoacoustic Imaging Using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) Technology (2006)

Photoacoustic imaging is performed using a two-dimensional array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) with integrated front-end electronics. Advantages of CMUT technology for photoacoustic imaging include the ease of integration with electronics, ability to fabricate large arrays with arbitrary geometries, wide-bandwidth arrays and high-frequency arrays. One of the goals of this research is to build a complete photoacoustic imaging system with an inward-looking cylindrical array that can enclose the target. As steps toward this goal two experiments are presented in this paper - photoacoustic imaging with planar scanning of the target and photoacoustic imaging with circular scanning of the target. Pulse-echo and photoacoustic images are presented. Image resolution and sensitivity of the setup are discussed and photoacoustic images of chicken tissue ablation are shown
REDUCED ENTANGLEMENT FOR QUANTUM GAMES (2003)

Quantum generalizations of conventional games exploit entangled states to improve performance. With many players, quantum games can require entangling many states. Such entanglement is difficult to implement, especially if the states must be communicated over some distance. To simplify possible implementations, we examine some quantum versions of social dilemma games and show their use of entanglement can be substantially reduced by randomly replacing some of the entangled states by unentangled ones. For the example of public goods games, we identify a unique Nash equilibrium invariant with respect to the amount of this replacement. We also show players obtain no advantage from adding more entanglement to states which they control. With many players, a fairly small number of entangled states can give nearly as good performance as using the full number of such states.
Arabidopsis non‐host resistance <i>PSS30</i> gene enhances broad‐spectrum disease resistance in the soybean cultivar Williams 82 (2021)

Non-host resistance (NHR), which protects all members of a plant species from non-adapted or non-host plant pathogens, is the most common form of plant immunity. NHR provides the most durable and robust form of broad-spectrum immunity against non-adaptive pathogens pathogenic to other crop species. In a mutant screen for loss of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NHR against the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pathogen Phytophthora sojae, the Phytophthora sojae-susceptible 30 (pss30) mutant was identified. The pss30 mutant is also susceptible to the soybean pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. PSS30 encodes a folate transporter, AtFOLT1, which was previously localized to chloroplasts and implicated in the transport of folate from the cytosol to plastids. We show that two Arabidopsis folate biosynthesis mutants with reduced folate levels exhibit a loss of non-host immunity against P. sojae. As compared to the wild-type Col-0 ecotype, the steady-state folate levels are reduced in the pss1, atfolt1 and two folate biosynthesis mutants, suggesting that folate is required for non-host immunity. Overexpression of AtFOLT1 enhances immunity of transgenic soybean lines against two serious soybean pathogens, the fungal pathogen F. virguliforme and the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines. Transgenic lines showing enhanced SCN resistance also showed increased levels of folate accumulation. This study thus suggests that folate contributes to non-host plant immunity and that overexpression of a non-host resistance gene could be a suitable strategy for generating broad-spectrum disease resistance in crop plants.
A Situational Resource Rating System (2010)

Recommendation technologies are considered a major technological trend in both industrial and academic environments. This growing interest was highlighted by, e.g., the Netflix prize which generated an intense competition. Recommender systems are crucial to support users and help them by suggesting resources relevant at a given instant. On the other hand, these systems are a core piece of e-commerce web sites, since they aim at generating more sales by encouraging users to buy more items. However, recommender systems are often designed to work with very specific types of resources, and they hardly take into account the current user's situation. In this paper, we present our approach to augment an existing recommender system with a situation model. On top of this model, we define a situational interest measure to estimate a user's interest for a resource, which we demonstrate with a prototypical implementation.
Solid simulation with oriented particles (2011)

We propose a new fast and robust method to simulate various types of solid including rigid, plastic and soft bodies as well as one, two and three dimensional structures such as ropes, cloth and volumetric objects. The underlying idea is to use oriented particles that store rotation and spin, along with the usual linear attributes, i.e. position and velocity. This additional information adds substantially to traditional particle methods. First, particles can be represented by anisotropic shapes such as ellipsoids, which approximate surfaces more accurately than spheres. Second, shape matching becomes robust for sparse structures such as chains of particles or even single particles because the undefined degrees of freedom are captured in the rotational states of the particles. Third, the full transformation stored in the particles, including translation and rotation, can be used for robust skinning of graphical meshes and for transforming plastic deformations back into the rest state.
Relationship between cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver and levels of skatole and its metabolites in intact male pigs. (1997)

The relationships between levels of skatole and androstenone in fat, plasma levels of skatole metabolites, plasma testosterone and estrone sulfate, and levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver were investigated in Swedish Yorkshire pigs and F4 Wild Pig crosses. Levels of skatole, the skatole metabolite MIII, and androstenone were higher in males from the Wild Pig crosses than in the Yorkshire pigs. Plasma levels of the skatole metabolite MII and the ratio between MII and MIII were higher in female Yorkshire pigs than in male pigs. Skatole was correlated with androstenone, cytochrome P450IIE1, and estrone sulfate in the Wild Pig crosses but not in Yorkshire pigs. However, plasma levels of skatole metabolites were not correlated to levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver in either group on animals. Pigs with high levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver had low levels of skatole in fat, and pigs with low levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver had low and high skatole levels. Using stepwise regression analysis, only levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver significantly explained the variation in skatole levels in the Wild Pig crosses. Our results support the hypothesis that low levels of cytochrome P450IIE1 in liver may result in high levels of skatole in backfat of uncastrated male pigs due to decreased metabolism and clearance of skatole. However, these pigs cannot be identified based on plasma levels of skatole metabolites MII and MIII.
Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterizing sorbent-analyte binding (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) enables the detection and identification of trace concentrations of vapor-phase analytes using a chip-scale photonic circuit coated with a sorbent material. Previous demonstrations of WERS utilized a hydrogen-bond acidic hyperbranched carbosilane fluoroalcohol-based sorbent polymer and focused on detection limits for different nerve agent simulants. In this work, we examine the Raman spectra of a number of new sorbent materials obtained using WERS. By comparing the spectra pre-exposure to the modified spectra measured during analyte exposure, the effects of hydrogen-bonding on the sorbent and analyte molecules are observed. Changes to the Raman transition strength or frequency of individual lines due to analyte binding shed light on the partitioning of vapor-phase molecular agents into the sorbent, and can be used to design sorbent materials with even higher sensitivity. We examine two new types of sorbents: Fluorinated bisphenol-based materials that increase the steric bulk of the substituents ortho- to the hydroxyl group, designed to reduce self-binding; and carbosilane fluoroalcohol polymers synthesized with a novel hydrosilylation reaction. The WERS detection limits for these new sorbents are measured for nerve-agent simulants and compared to previous generation materials.
Seismic Anisotropy Characterization in Heterogeneous Formations Using Borehole Sonic Data (2013)

Abstract Inverting borehole sonic data for anisotropic elastic parameters requires data acquired in, at least, two different orientations. In practice this often means combining acquisitions from two offset wells, which is only straightforward if the encountered formations are laterally continuous. If wells do not tie laterally, or if data acquired at different depths in vertically heterogeneous strata need to be combined, then an inversion strategy is required that explicitly takes heterogeneity into account. This short note outlines such a strategy on the basis of borehole sonic and conventional petrophysical data, structural information, and well surveys. A new and sophisticated workflow was developed to estimate TI anisotropic parameters from borehole sonic logs, adopting a smart data clustering approach. Among other things, the output consists of elastic properties as a function of independently acquired data such as shale volume and density. In turn, these expressions constitute a model that is driven by measurements instead of assumptions, that can be established also in the presence of lateral and vertical heterogeneity, and that can be applied in neighboring wells where the amount of sonic data are insufficient for a complete inversion.
Load Rating of Pile-Supported Bridges Susceptible to Scour (2013)

Bridge load rating is traditionally done based on the load-carrying capacity of the superstructure components. Only in some rare instances does the bridge load rating consider the load-carrying capacity of the substructure. However, the authors believe that for bridges over waterways, which are susceptible to scour, the load-carrying capacity of the substructure must be evaluated to assess the need for reduced load rating and posting limits. The results in this paper attempt to address the importance of assessing the substructure load rating. Case histories for bridges susceptible to scour are analyzed. The analysis and evaluation of the actual bridges presented demonstrate that the bridge load rating is limited by the substructure load-carrying capacity and the tolerable deformation. The examples clearly illustrate that reduced load rating is experienced when scour occurs. Thus, bridges impacted by scour need to be judged based on both the super- and substructure components. The findings suggest the need to augment the current bridge load rating procedures to include the substructure load rating in a quantitative manner.
Design of CID-cleavable protein cross-linkers: identical mass modifications for simpler sequence analysis (2015)

The cross-linking Mass Spectrometry (XL-MS) technique has enormous potential for studying the interactions between proteins, and it can provide detailed structural information about the interaction interfaces in large protein complexes. Such information has been difficult to obtain by conventional structural methods. One of the primary impediments to the wider use of the XL-MS technique is the extreme challenge in sequencing cross-linked peptides because of their complex fragmentation patterns in MS. A recent innovation is the development of MS-cleavable cross-linkers, which allows direct sequencing of component peptides for facile identification. Sulfoxides are an intriguing class of thermally-cleavable compounds that have been shown to fragment selectively during low-energy collisional induced dissociation (CID) analysis. Current CID-cleavable cross-linkers create fragmentation patterns in MS(2) of multiple peaks for each cross-linked peptide. Reducing the complexity of the fragmentation pattern in MS(2) facilitates subsequent MS(3) sequencing of the cross-linked peptides. The first authentic identical mass linker (IML) has now been designed, prepared, and evaluated. Multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) analysis has demonstrated that the IML cross-linked peptides indeed yield one peak per peptide constituent in MS(2) as predicted, thus allowing effective and sensitive MS(3) analysis for unambiguous identification. Selective fragmentation for IML cross-linked peptides from the 19S proteasome complex was observed, providing a proof-of-concept demonstration for XL-MS studies on protein complexes.
A Framework of Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA) for Inter-Domain Handover Optimization (2011)

This document describes Media-independent Pre-Authentication (MPA), a
new handover optimization mechanism that addresses the issues on
existing mobility management protocols and mobility optimization
mechanisms to support inter-domain handover. MPA is a mobile-
assisted, secure handover optimization scheme that works over any
link-layer and with any mobility management protocol and is best
applicable to support optimization during inter-domain handover.
MPA's pre-authentication, pre-configuration, and proactive handover
techniques allow many of the handoff related operations to take place
before the mobile has moved to the new network. We describe the
details of all the associated techniques and its applicability for
different scenarios involving various mobility protocols during inter-
domain handover. We have implemented MPA mechanism for various network
layer and application layer mobility protocols and report summary of
experimental performance results in this document. This document is a
product of the IP Mobility Optimizations (MobOpts) Research Group.
(3E,8Z,11Z)-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, major sex pheromone component of the tomato pest Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1996)

The major sex attractant emitted by Scrobipalpuloides absoluta females is shown to be (3E,8Z,11Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrien-1-yl acetate by a novel strategy involving the random reduction of double bonds, followed by methylthiolation of the reduced products. Each female sex gland contains ca. 1-5 ng of this pheromone. This triene ester, synthesized by a stereospecific procedure, shows spectral and gas chromatographic properties identical to those of the natural substance. In field tests and wind tunnel bioassays, the synthetic ester was found to be highly attractive to conspecific males. The male response to this pheromone, however, is restricted to the same early-morning time window during which females exhibit calling behavior.
Optimal design and fabrication of a rotary microactuator (2002)

The electrostatic rotary microactuators integrating optimally curved electrodes are proposed to enhance the actuating force-generation capability. In most conventional type of electrostatic microactuators using rotary mode, the electrodes have not been rigorously evaluated in terms of optimality for the shape and simply have adopted a straight shape. As a result, two neighboring electrodes should be spaced in the way of leading to relative large clearance at the far region from the center of rotation, hence the force generation capability is inherently limited. To overcome the limitation, the optimally curved electrode shape introduced by tilting the electrodes in a continuous manner along with the radius.
Ionic Liquids as Hypergolic Fuels (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationIonic Liquids as Hypergolic FuelsStefan Schneider, *†, Tommy Hawkins, †, Michael Rosander, †, Ghanshyam Vaghjiani, †, Steven Chambreau, †, and Gregory Drake, ‡View Author Information Air Force Research Laboratory, 10 East Saturn Boulevard, Building 8451, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93524, and Propulsion and Structures Directorate, United States Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, AMSRD-AMR-PS-PT, Building 7120, Redstone Road Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: (+1) 661-275-5471. E-mail: [email protected]†Air Force Research Laboratory.‡U.S. Army Aviation and Missile RD&E Center.Cite this: Energy Fuels 2008, 22, 4, 2871–2872Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2008Publication History Received24 April 2008Revised2 June 2008Published online17 June 2008Published inissue 1 July 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef800286bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ef800286brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3320Altmetric-Citations298LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Fuels,Liquids,Salts Get e-Alerts