gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene-based nano-antennas for electromagnetic nanocommunications in the terahertz band (2010)

Abstract—Nanotechnology is enabling the development of devices in a scale ranging from one to a few hundred nanometers. Coordination and information sharing among these nano-devices will lead towards the development of future nanonetworks, boosting the range of applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical, environmental and military fields. Despite the major progress in nano-device design and fabrication, it is still not clear how these atomically precise machines will communicate. Recently, the advancements in graphene-based electronics have opened the door to electromagnetic communications in the nanoscale. In this paper, a new quantum mechanical framework is used to analyze the properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as nano-dipole antennas. For this, first the transmission line properties of CNTs are obtained using the tight-binding model as functions of the CNT length, diameter, and edge geometry. Then, relevant antenna parameters such as the fundamental resonant frequency and the input impedance are calculated and compared to those of a nano-patch antenna based on a Graphene Nanoribbon (GNR) with similar dimensions. The results show that for a maximum antenna size in the order of several hundred nanometers (the expected maximum size for a nano-device), both a nano-dipole and a nano-patch antenna will be able to radiate electromagnetic waves in the terahertz band (0.1-10.0 THz). I.
Enhanced quantum interference effects in parallel Josephson junction arrays (1991)

We have calculated the total critical current as a function of applied magnetic flux for a superconducting interferometer consisting of many Josephson junctions in parallel. An enhancement and narrowing of the periodic principal maxima in the critical current versus flux characteristic is predicted as the number of junctions in parallel increases, even when the effects of finite self- and mutual inductances and nonuniformity of the junction critical currents are included in the calculations. The possible application of the superconducting quantum interference grating, or SQUIG, for the detection of magnetic flux is discussed.
A disiloxane-functionalized phosphonium-based ionic liquid as electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (2011)

A disiloxane-functionalized ionic liquid based on a phosphonium cation and a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion was synthesized and characterized. This new ionic liquid electrolyte showed good stability with a lithium transition metal oxide cathode and a graphite anode in lithium ion cells.
A Deep Multi-Modal Pairwise Ranking Model for User Generated Food Data (2018)

Due to the emergence of several nutrition-related mobile applications and websites in recent years, as well as the massive amount of crowd-sourced nutrition data, searching and finding relevant results has become increasingly difficult for users. This problem becomes even more challenging when dealing with crowd-sourced food names that are noisy and not well-structured. Because food names are short in length, it is difficult to incorporate existing methods to achieve an optimal matching quality. Despite several recent studies on nutrition data, these challenges remain. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-to-rank framework for crowd-sourced food names that has significant real-world applications, including food search and food recommendations. In particular, we propose a deep learning based, multi-modal learning-to-rank model that leverages the text describing a food name and the numerical values that represent its nutritional information. To this end, we also introduce a novel type of loss-function, which extends standard triplets hinge loss function into a multi-modal scenario. The proposed model is flexible and supports various data types as well as an arbitrary number of modalities. The effectiveness of our proposed model is demonstrated through several experiments on real-data, consisting of more than six million instances.
Frequency-selective sub-mm-W detector based on semiconductor superlattice with a built-in resonator (2004)

We propose a design of the frequency-selective sub-mm-W detector, which must operate at room temperature. The idea is based on a standing wave enhancement of the detector responsivity. The detector contains a lateral semiconductor superlattice with electrons performing Bloch oscillations as an active medium, a broadband bow-tie terahertz (THz) antenna, a built-in resonator and an external dc circuit. As compared with well-known THz-photon detector based on one-dimensional layered superlattice the switch to the lateral superlattice leads to a necessary change in technology of antenna attachment to the superlattice and allows the additional growth of a resonator. The estimation calculations of the current responsivity of the proposed detector fulfilled by means of an equivalent transmission line model have proved that the detector responsivity can be enhanced in several hundred times near a resonance frequency due to the matching between the incident radiation and the superlattice provided by built-in resonator. The expected rise time of the proposed detector is in order of 10<sup>-11</sup>s.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates Using Butyronitrile: Merging Retro‐hydrocyanation with Cross‐Coupling (2017)

Abstract We describe a nickel‐catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl (pseudo)halides that employs butyronitrile as a cyanating reagent instead of highly toxic cyanide salts. A dual catalytic cycle merging retro‐hydrocyanation and cross‐coupling enables the conversion of a broad array of aryl chlorides and aryl/vinyl triflates into their corresponding nitriles. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
<i>In Vivo</i> Crevicular Leucocyte Response in Humans to a Chemotactic Challenge: Effects of Periodontal Diseases (1984)

An in vivo assay was recently developed to monitor the crevicular leucocyte response to chemotactic agents, e.g., casein and N-formyl peptides. This method was used to monitor humans with little or no gingival disease (C group), gingivitis (G group), chronic periodontitis (CP group) and localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP group). Casein (0.2 microliters, 2 mg/ml) was placed into an isolated gingival crevice of each subject with a calibrated wire loop and the time recorded (t = 0). Leucocytes were counted in crevicular washes (10 microliters) 15 minutes later and every 5 minutes thereafter up to t = 50 minutes. This protocol was repeated for the crevice of an adjacent tooth except that the crevicular fluid flow response to the chemotactic challenge was monitored. The C, G and CP subjects showed a similar pattern of response to the chemoattractant with a single "peak" of leucocytes at approximately t = 25 minutes. However, the peak cell count was much greater in the G and CP groups than in the C group. LJPs showed an abnormal pattern with two leucocyte peaks, one at approximately 25 minutes and the other at 45 minutes. Both peaks tended to be higher than the single peak seen in Cs but were significantly lower than that in Gs or CPs, even at similar levels of inflammation. In addition, the peak leucocyte response (to casein) in LJPs did not increase with increasing leucocyte counts in the unchallenged (resting) crevice, whereas a positive relationship was seen in the other groups of subjects. These data suggest that this new assay may provide important diagnostic information on in vivo neutrophil migration in the gingival crevice and on susceptibility to periodontal disease.
Holographic methods for phase mask and fiber grating fabrication and characterization (2003)

The fiber grating fabrication based on use of the phase masks is the most stable and accurate manufacturing technology. This paper presents a brief overview of holographic methods of phase masks and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) writing and characterization with emphasis on the chirped gratings. We discuss the range of FBG parameters enabled by current technological methods, as well as the relation between the accuracy of FBG parameters and the performance of FBG-based dispersion compensators. While holographic phase mask and FBG writing principles have much in common, the phase mask and FBG production is a unified technology where the quality of the FBG is determined by numerous factors in the process of fabrication. As one of the significant factors, we study the effect of mirror non-flatness on the group delay ripple of chirped FBG. The quality of phase masks and FBGs is often important to characterize directly. In this paper we consider holographic side-diffraction methods of their characterization, which are very accurate and provide the information that is not simple to obtain from spectroscopic measurements.
The possibility of harvesting electrical energy from industrial noise barriers using meta-wall bricks (2018)

In this article, the concept of simultaneous noise filtering and energy harvesting are fused to propose metamaterial (MetaWall) bricks made of rubber-metal-concrete composite, as an industrial building material. The MetaWall bricks are capable of filtering acoustics noises more effectively than conventional barriers while harvesting the electrical energy from the trapped acoustic pressure generated by the sound and vibration. MetaWall bricks are made of Acousto-Elastic Metamaterial (AEMM) unit cells as energy harvesting component in the wall. A unit AEMM cell of the brick consists of the concrete exterior, soft rubber inclusions and hard metallic resonators. To exploit the local resonance of the resonator and recover the trapped strain energy in the soft constituents of AEMM, piezoelectric wafers are placed inside each AEMM unit cell. The primary objective of the work is to examine the performance of the MetaWall bricks. A prototype of the MetaWall brick is simulated to verify the concept. The results show that the model could generate about 1.73mW power under 10KΩ resistive load.
Simulation of low-depth quantum circuits as complex undirected graphical models (2017)

Near term quantum computers with a high quantity (around 50) and quality (around 0.995 fidelity for two-qubit gates) of qubits will approximately sample from certain probability distributions beyond the capabilities of known classical algorithms on state-of-the-art computers, achieving the first milestone of so-called quantum supremacy. This has stimulated recent progress in classical algorithms to simulate quantum circuits. Classical simulations are also necessary to approximate the fidelity of multiqubit quantum computers using cross entropy benchmarking. Here we present numerical results of a classical simulation algorithm to sample universal random circuits, on a single workstation, with more qubits and depth than previously reported. For example, circuits with $5 \times 9$ qubits of depth 37, $7 \times 8$ qubits of depth 27, and $10 \times (κ> 10)$) qubits of depth 19 are all easy to sample. We also show up to what depth the sampling, or estimation of observables, is trivially parallelizable. The algorithm is related to the "Feynmann path" method to simulate quantum circuits. For low-depth circuits, the algorithm scales exponentially in the depth times the smaller lateral dimension, or the treewidth, as explained in Boixo et. al., and therefore confirms the bounds in that paper. In particular, circuits with $7 \times 7$ qubits and depth 40 remain currently out of reach. Follow up work on a supercomputer environment will tighten this bound.
Apparatus for detecting the breakage of an acoustically conductive medium (1979)

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Induction of meningococcal group B polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies in mice by using an <i>N</i>-propionylated B polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. (1986)

Conjugation of the group B meningococcal polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid failed to substantially enhance its immunogenicity in mice. Therefore, additional chemical manipulation of the basic structure of the group B meningococcal polysaccharide was attempted, on the premise that a synthetically derived artificial antigen might be capable of modulating the immune response in mice to produce elevated levels of cross-reactive group B meningococcal polysaccharide-specific antibodies. To achieve this, the antigenicity of the modified polysaccharide to group B meningococcal polysaccharide-specific antibodies had to be preserved, and this criterion could only be satisfied in modifications in which the carboxylate and N-carbonyl groups of the sialic acid residues of polysaccharide remained intact. Therefore, the most successful modifications were accomplished by N-deacetylation of the group B meningococcal polysaccharide with strong base to yield a precursor that could then be N-acetylated or N-arylated with different substituents. For example, the introduction of N-propionyl groups, followed by conjugation of the resultant N-propionylated group B meningococcal polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid, yielded an antigen that when injected in mice induced in them high levels of cross-reactive group B meningococcal polysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies. The T cell dependency of this antigen was established when it was demonstrated that the levels of these B polysaccharide-specific antibodies could be significantly boosted by using both the N-propionylated- and native N-acetylated-group B meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates.
Side Channel: Bits over Interference (2011)

Interference is a critical issue in wireless communications. In a typical multiple-user environment, different users may severely interfere with each other. Coordination among users therefore is an indispensable part for interference management in wireless networks. It is known that coordination among multiple nodes is a costly operation taking a significant amount of valuable communication resource. In this paper, we have an interesting observation that by generating intended patterns, some simultaneous transmissions, i.e., "interference,” can be successfully decoded without degrading the effective throughput in original transmission. As such, an extra and "free” coordination channel can be built. Based on this idea, we propose a DC-MAC to leverage this "free” channel for efficient medium access in a multiple-user wireless network. We theoretically analyze the capacity of this channel under different environments with various modulation schemes. USRP2-based implementation experiments show that compared with the widely adopted CSMA, DC-MAC can improve the channel utilization efficiency by up to 250 percent.
Development of a Rapid-Start On-Board Automotive Steam Reformer (2004)

The paper reports on the status of efforts to engineer a microchannel steam reforming system to enable a rapid cold start capability. The steam reformer is intended to be coupled with a WGS and PROX reactor to provide reformate to a PEM fuel cell for an automotive propulsion application. A compact and efficient microchannel steam reformer was previously developed that required ~15 minutes to accomplish a cold start. The objective of the current work was to reduce this start time to <30 seconds without sacrificing steady-state efficiency. The paper describes the changes made in the reforming system to enable cold start capability and presents data on reformate flow and temperature transients during cold start testing. The results demonstrate that the system is capable of producing reformate within 22 seconds after a cold start. A strategy for integrating the system with a WGS and PROX reactor to provide a rapid start fuel processing system is described.
Effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced exosomes on the endothelial cellular behavior, metabolism and bioenergetics (2018)

TNF-α-induced exosomes could significantly (a) change migration, tube formation, and apoptosis; (b) inhibit endothelial extracellular OCR and intracellular OCR (hypoxia); (c) increase glycolysis rate of the endothelial cells. These data provide new evidence for exploring endothelial behavior regulation using exosomes and their effects on endothelial metabolism and bioenergetics.
Immunoglobulin Expression Is a Major Determinant Of Patient Sensitivity To Proteasome Inhibitors (2013)

Abstract Several therapies for multiple myeloma are now approved and many more are in development, promising improved outcomes for patients with this incurable cancer. With expanding treatment options, however, comes a pressing need to pair each patient with the most efficacious and safe treatment. Proteasome inhibitors, such as carfilzomib and bortezomib, have become a standard therapy across all lines of multiple myeloma treatment. Despite extensive study, the mechanism of selective tumor cell death following proteasome inhibition is poorly understood. However, the uniquely high sensitivity of myeloma cells to proteasome inhibition, the uniquely high burden of protein (immunoglobulin) secretion these cells experience, and the key role of the proteasome in maintaining protein homeostasis, together point toward a unifying model in which protein load drives proteasome inhibitor sensitivity. This simple model is supported by published studies of murine and human myeloma cell lines (e.g., Meister et al. & Bianchi et al.). As part of company-sponsored Phase II & III clinical trials of proteasome inhibitors, CD138+ tumor cells collected during patient screening were banked for comprehensive genomic analyses. Patient samples banked on bortezomib trials were utilized in now-published microarray-based RNA studies, while samples from carfilzomib trials are currently being used for NGS-based DNA and RNA studies. Here, examining our early carfilzomib data along with publically-available bortezomib data, we find a strong association between higher immunoglobulin expression and sensitivity to each compound (Wilcoxon P-value = 3x10-3 and P-value = 2x10-4, respectively). In fact, using IGH expression alone, we are able to classify response with 55% sensitivity and 91% specificity in our carfilzomib training data. As expected for a bona fide predictive biomarker of proteasome inhibition, an association between IG expression and response was not found in patients treated with single agent dexamethasone (Wilcoxon P-value = 0.82). Median time to progression for IGH-high carfilzomib patients was 6-fold longer than for IGH-low carfilzomib patients (7.6 months vs. 1.4 months; log-rank P-value = 0.003). This is the first report that high levels of IG expression correlate with response to proteasome inhibitors and therefore IG expression represents, to our knowledge, the first validated biomarker for this important class of anti-tumor agents. Disclosures: Tuch: Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Loehr:Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Degenhardt:Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kwei:Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kirk:Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Genetic and transcriptional analysis of <i>absA</i>, an antibiotic gene cluster‐linked two‐component system that regulates multiple antibiotics in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> (2001)

In Streptomyces coelicolor, the AbsA1-AbsA2 two-component system regulates the expression of multiple antibiotic gene clusters. Here, we show that the response regulator encoded by the absA2 gene is a negative regulator of these antibiotic gene clusters. A genetic analysis shows that the phosphorylated form of the AbsA2 response regulator (phospho-AbsA2), generated by the cognate AbsA1 sensor histidine kinase, is required for normal growth phase regulation of antibiotic synthesis. In the absence of phospho-AbsA2, antibiotics are produced earlier and more abundantly. Overexpression of AbsA1 also deregulates antibiotic synthesis, apparently shifting the AbsA1 protein from a kinase-active to a phospho-AbsA2 phosphatase-active form. The absA1 and absA2 genes, which are adjacent, are located in one of the antibiotic gene clusters that they regulate, the cluster for the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA). The absA genes themselves are growth phase regulated, with phospho-AbsA2 responsible for growth phase-related positive autoregulation. We discuss the possible role and mechanism of AbsA-mediated regulation of antibiotic synthesis in the S. coelicolor life cycle.
Information fusion in the context of multi-document summarization (1999)

We present a method to automatically generate a concise summary by identifying and synthesizing similar elements across related text from a set of multiple documents. Our approach is unique in its usage of language generation to reformulate the wording of the summary.
Design and control of a proof-of-concept variable area exhaust nozzle using shape-memory alloy actuators (2007)

There is no reported research in the literature of using shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators for variable area exhaust nozzles for a jet engine, to the authors' best knowledge. SMA actuators have the advantage of a high power-to-weight ratio and can result in dramatic weight reduction as compared to hydraulic systems. However, the difficulty of using SMA actuators for controlling variable area exhaust nozzles lies in the fact that the temperature near the exhaust nozzle is far higher than the transformation temperature of an SMA actuator. Due to the flexibility and small volume of SMA wire actuators, they can be remotely replaced in a region where the temperature is lower than that of its transformation temperature. By exploiting this fact, this paper presents a novel design of a proof-of-concept variable area exhaust nozzle using shape-memory alloy wire actuators. The SMA actuators are remotely placed away from the exhaust nozzle area so that the environmental temperature is below their transformation temperature. By electrically heating the SMA actuators, the exhaust nozzle will experience an area reduction of up to 40%. Bias springs will apply forces to return the exhaust nozzle to the open-up configuration. A feedback controller based sliding-mode method is used to regulate the SMA actuator position. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design meets the desired area variation specifications and shows the promise of a lightweight and simple exhaust nozzle design by using shape-memory alloy actuators.
High reactivity and stability of diamond electrodes: The influence of the B‐doping concentration (2009)

Abstract The use of diamond to develop electrochemical (EC) sensors opens up promising perspectives with interests for biosensing applications. However, in spite of the superior EC properties of diamond, two crucial issues remain to be solved: to improve (i) the electrode stability and (ii) the charge transfer rate k 0 . To address these issues, the influence of the boron concentration and of EC treatments on EC behaviour was assessed. Our results were compared with those obtained on a commercial diamond electrode. The reactivity of the as‐grown electrodes was very high whatever the boron concentration. However, a systematic linear increase of the charge transfer resistance ( R t ) with time, highly dependent on the boron concentration, was observed. The most favourable EC behaviour was obtained for a boron concentration close to the phase separation limit and attributed to a higher effective doping. Moreover, a further EC‐treatment of the diamond samples considerably enhances the electrodes stability. Optimized samples, obtained after EC‐treatment, show a high reactivity ( k 0 = 0.2 cm/s) equivalent to that of platinum as well as a remarkably enhanced stability.