gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal asymmetries of short-term heart period variability are linked to autonomic regulation (2008)

We exploit time reversibility analysis, checking the invariance of statistical features of a series after time reversal, to detect temporal asymmetries of short-term heart period variability series. Reversibility indexes were extracted from 22 healthy fetuses between 16th to 40th wk of gestation and from 17 healthy humans (aged 21 to 54, median=28) during graded head-up tilt with table inclination angles randomly selected inside the set {15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90}. Irreversibility analysis showed that nonlinear dynamics observed in short-term heart period variability are mostly due to asymmetric patterns characterized by bradycardic runs shorter than tachycardic ones. These temporal asymmetries were 1) more likely over short temporal scales than over longer, dominant ones; 2) more frequent during the late period of pregnancy (from 25th to 40th week of gestation); 3) significantly present in healthy humans at rest in supine position; 4) more numerous during 75 and 90 degrees head-up tilt. Results suggest that asymmetric patterns observable in short-term heart period variability might be the result of a fully developed autonomic regulation and that an important shift of the sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance (and vagal withdrawal) can increase their presence.
Design and Studies of Novel 5-Substituted Alkynylpyrimidine Nucleosides as Potent Inhibitors of Mycobacteria (2005)

We herein report a new category of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides as potent inhibitors of mycobacteria. A series of 5-alkynyl derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine (1-8), 2'-deoxycytidine (9-14), uridine (15-17), and 2'-O-methyluridine (18, 19) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity in vitro. 5-Decynyl, 5-dodecynyl, and 5-tetradecynyl derivatives showed the highest antimycobacterial potency against M. bovis and M. avium, with the 2'-deoxyribose derivatives being more effective than the ribose analogues. Nucleosides bearing short alkynyl side chains 5-ethynyl, 5-propynyl, 5-pentynyl, and 5-heptynyl were mostly not inhibitory. Incorporation of a phenylethynyl function at the 5-position diminished the antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, related bicyclic analogues (20-24) were devoid of antimycobacterial activity, indicating that an acyclic side chain at the C-5 position of the pyrimidine ring is essential for potent activity. Compounds 1-17 were synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions of respective alkynes with 5-iodo derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine, 2'-deoxycytidine, and uridine. Intramolecular cyclization of 1 and 3-6 in the presence of Cu afforded the corresponding bicyclic compounds 20-24. The investigated nucleosides are recognized here for the first time to be potent inhibitors of mycobacteria. This class of compounds could be of interest for lead optimization as antimycobacterial agents.
Impact of Phonon Surface Scattering on Thermal Energy Distribution of Si and SiGe Nanowires (2016)

Thermal transport in nanostructures has attracted considerable attention in the last decade but the precise effects of surfaces on heat conduction have remained unclear due to a limited accuracy in the treatment of phonon surface scattering phenomena. Here, we investigate the impact of phonon-surface scattering on the distribution of thermal energy across phonon wavelengths and mean free paths in Si and SiGe nanowires. We present a rigorous and accurate description of phonon scattering at surfaces and predict and analyse nanowire heat spectra for different diameters and surface conditions. We show that the decrease in the diameter and increased roughness and correlation lengths makes the heat phonon spectra significantly shift towards short wavelengths and mean free paths. We also investigate the emergence of phonon confinement effects for small diameter nanowires and different surface scattering properties. Computed results for bulk materials show excellent agreement with recent experimentally-based approaches that reconstruct the mean-free-path heat spectra. Our phonon surface scattering model allows for an accurate theoretical extraction of heat spectra in nanowires and contributes to elucidate the development of critical phonon transport modes such as phonon confinement and coherent interference effects.
Implementing an intranet-based library help system (1997)

Implementation d'un Intranet dans une bibliotheque: ce systeme permet aux membres du personnel d'enregistrer leurs propres travaux ainsi que leurs demandes de travaux, de suivre les problemes existants et de faire appel a une base de connaissances
The microbial mimic poly IC induces durable and protective CD4<sup>+</sup>T cell immunity together with a dendritic cell targeted vaccine (2008)

CD4(+) Th1 type immunity is implicated in resistance to global infectious diseases. To improve the efficacy of T cell immunity induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines, we are developing a protein-based approach that directly harnesses the function of dendritic cells (DCs) in intact lymphoid tissues. Vaccine proteins are selectively delivered to DCs by antibodies to DEC-205/CD205, a receptor for antigen presentation. We find that polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) independently serves as an adjuvant to allow a DC-targeted protein to induce protective CD4(+) T cell responses at a mucosal surface, the airway. After two doses of DEC-targeted, HIV gag p24 along with poly IC, responder CD4(+) T cells have qualitative features that have been correlated with protective function. The T cells simultaneously make IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-2, and in high amounts for prolonged periods. The T cells also proliferate and continue to secrete IFN-gamma in response to HIV gag p24. The adjuvant role of poly IC requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) receptors, but its analog poly IC(12)U requires only TLR3. We suggest that poly IC be tested as an adjuvant with DC-targeted vaccines to induce numerous multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cells with proliferative capacity.
Results of the Trace Contaminant Control Trade Study for Space Suit Life Support Development (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Designing the most effective and efficient life support systems is of extreme importance as the United States makes plans to return astronauts to the Moon. The Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS), which will be located within the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) of the Constellation spacesuit element (CSSE), is responsible for removing contaminants that, at increased levels, can be hazardous to crew member health. These contaminants arise from several sources including metabolic production of the crew member (e.g., breathing, sweating, etc.) and offgassing of the spacesuit material layers. This paper summarizes the results of a trade study that investigated TCC technologies that were used in NASA space-suits and vehicles, as well as commercial and academic applications, to identify the best technology options for the CSSE PLSS. The trade study also looked at the feasibility of regeneration of TCC technologies, specifically to determine the viability of vacuum regeneration for on-back, real-time extravehicular activity.</div>
Hardware key for information systems users authentification (2004)

The new hardware-software authentification complex of information systems and network users was developed. It supplements standard means of operational systems and raises resistance breakings. As the hardware key functions through the serial interface of the PC, such system work practically on any computer, including the built - in solutions. Taking into account low cost of introduction compared with other solutions and high reliability of functioning, such system can be used at operation of different information computer networks.
Relaxation of the EM algorithm via quantum annealing (2016)

The EM algorithm is a novel numerical method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates and is often used for practical calculations. However, many of maximum likelihood estimation problems are nonconvex, and it is known that the EM algorithm fails to give the optimal estimates by being trapped by local optima. In order to deal with this difficulty, we propose a deterministic quantum annealing EM algorithm by introducing the mathematical mechanism of quantum fluctuations into the conventional EM algorithm because quantum fluctuations induce the tunnel effect and are expected to relax the difficulty of nonconvex optimization problems in the maximum likelihood estimation problems. We show a theorem that guarantees its convergence and give numerical experiments to verify its efficiency.
An automated methodology for generating a fault tree (1990)

The author presents an overview of a methodology for the automated generation of fault trees for electrical/electronic circuits from a representation of a schematic diagram. Existing computer programs for the generation of fault trees are briefly discussed, and their deficiencies are indicated. The approach presented here is quantitative and uses backtracking. It is illustrated by an example. A prototype computer program has been written to implement the methodology for DC circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of the evolution of single domain (111)B CdTe films by molecular beam epitaxy on miscut (001)Si substrate (1998)

A comprehensive view of the microstructure of (111)B CdTe films grown on miscut (001)Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy has been obtained by transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. It is found that in the initial growth stage, CdTe nucleates with a dominance of one particular domain: a domain with (111)B polarity and orientation of [11−2]CdTe//[1−10]Si, although there are also some other domains of different polarity and orientation. The dominance of one type domain is due to the reduction of the surface symmetry by using the miscut substrate and by using optimum growth conditions. As the growth proceeds, a single-crystal film is produced by the dominating domain overgrowing the minority domains nucleated at the film–substrate interface. This results in the final film of single-crystal character having (111)B polarity with [11−2]CdTe along [1−10]Si.
<i>In Vitro</i> Selection of Clinically Relevant Bevirimat Resistance Mutations Revealed by “Deep” Sequencing of Serially Passaged, Quasispecies-Containing Recombinant HIV-1 (2010)

Initial in vitro studies of bevirimat resistance failed to observe mutations in the clinically significant QVT motif in SP1 of HIV-1 gag. This study presents a novel screening method involving mixed, clinically derived gag-protease recombinant HIV-1 samples to more accurately mimic the selection of resistance seen in vivo. Bevirimat resistance was investigated via population-based sequencing performed with a large, initially antiretroviral-naïve cohort before (n = 805) and after (n = 355) standard HIV therapy (without bevirimat). The prevalence of any polymorphism in the motif comprising Q, V, and T was ∼ 6%, 29%, and 12%, respectively, and did not change appreciably over the course of therapy. From these samples, three groups of 10 samples whose bulk sequences were wild type at the QVT motif were used to generate gag-protease recombinant viruses that captured the existing diversity. Groups were mixed and passaged with various bevirimat concentrations for 9 weeks. gag variations were assessed by amplicon-based "deep" sequencing using a GS FLX sequencer (Roche). Unscreened mutations were present in all groups, and a V370A minority not originally detected by bulk sequencing was present in one group. V370A, occurring together with another preexisting, unscreened resistance mutation, was selected in all groups in the presence of a bevirimat concentration above 0.1 μM. For the two groups with V370A levels below consistent detectability by deep sequencing, the initial selection of V370A required 3 to 4 weeks of exposure to a narrow range of bevirimat concentrations, whereas for the group with the V370A minority, selection occurred immediately. This approach provides quasispecies diversity that facilitates the selection of mutations observed in clinical trials and, coupled with deep sequencing, could represent an efficient in vitro screening method for detecting resistance mutations.
Low Concentration of LDL Enhances Platelet Reactivity In Vitro— a Morphological Study (1993)

The isolated low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to cause shape change, granule centralization and incomplete degranulation of human blood platelets at concentrations of 50 to 300 μg protein/ml in vitro. About half the number of platelets were discoid at the LDL concentration of 50 μg/ml. If the platelets were pretreated with LDL at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, aggregation could be induced by thrombin (0.015 U/ml) lightly. These results suggested that the LDL-incubated platelets showed a primary activation. These LDL-pretreated platelets showed enhanced sensitivity to thrombin by aggregating at a very low dosage (0.015 U/ml). The primary activation of platelets induced by LDL seemed independent of extracellular calcium when LDL concentrations were higher than 200 μg/ml.
Buffer aware three level scheduler for video streaming over LTE (2017)

The ever increasing demand for high bandwidth, low latency multimedia applications on mobile devices is set to pose a considerable challenge on the bandwidth allocation and multiplexing mechanisms in LTE and future wireless networks. One of the most important factors that diminish the quality of viewing experience of delivered videos is frequent client side rebuffering events. This paper proposes a buffer-aware downlink scheduling framework (called BA-TLS) for streaming video applications. The problem of scheduling a set of video streams over LTE has first been formulated as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. It has been shown that a conventional dynamic programming solution for the ILP imposes prohibitive online overheads. Then, by utilizing analytical properties of the problem, a genetic algorithm based fast and efficient radio resource allocation heuristic has been implemented over the proposed framework. Experimental results reveal that the developed framework is able to provide significant reductions in rebuffering events and thus allow video transmission with high and acceptable quality of service.
Thick lattice-matched GaInNAs films in photodetector applications (2005)

The dilute-nitride GaInNAs shows great promise in becoming the next choice for long-wavelength (0.9 to 1.6 μm) photodetector applications due to the ability for it to be grown lattice-matched on GaAs substrates. GaAs-based devices have several advantages over InP-based devices, such as substrate cost, convenience of processing, and optoelectronic band parameters. This paper will present results from the first high-quality thick GaInNAs films grown by solid state molecular beam epitaxy with a nitrogen plasma source and the first high efficiency photodetectors which have been fabricated from those materials. GaInNAs films up to 2 microns thick have been grown coherently on GaAs substrates. These films exhibit reasonable photoluminescence intensities at peak wavelengths of 1.22 to 1.13 μm before and after a rapid thermal anneal at a series of temperatures. PIN photodiodes with these thick GaInNAs films in the intrinsic regions show responsivity (better than 0.5 A/W at 1.064 μm), dark current (200 nA at -2 V), and signal-to-noise ratio (greater than 10<sup>5</sup>) approaching those of commercially available InGaAs/InP devices. Furthermore, it will be shown that these devices show significantly lower dark current and higher signal-to-noise ratio than similar metamorphic InGaAs/GaAs structures.
Myelopoietic Efficacy of Orlistat in Murine Hosts Bearing T Cell Lymphoma: Implication in Macrophage Differentiation and Activation (2013)

Orlistat, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), acts as an antitumor agent by blocking de novo fatty acid synthesis of tumor cells. Although, myelopoiesis also depends on de novo fatty acid synthesis, the effect of orlistat on differentiation of macrophages, which play a central role in host's antitumor defence, remains unexplored in a tumor-bearing host. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of orlistat administration on macrophage differentiation in a T cell lymphoma bearing host. Administration of orlistat (240 mg/kg/day/mice) to tumor-bearing mice resulted in a decline of tumor load accompanied by an augmentation of bone marrow cellularity and survival of bone marrow cells (BMC). The expression of apoptosis regulatory caspase-3, Bax and Bcl2 was modulated in the BMC of orlistat-administered tumor-bearing mice. Orlistat administration also resulted in an increase in serum level of IFN-γ along with decreased TGF-β and IL-10. BMC of orlistat-administered tumor-bearing mice showed augmented differentiation into macrophages accompanied by enhanced expression of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and its receptor (M-CSFR). The macrophages differentiated from BMC of orlistat-administered mice showed characteristic features of M1 macrophage phenotype confirmed by expression of CD11c, TLR-2, generation of reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, tumor cell cytotoxicity, production of IL-1,TNF-α and nitric oxide. These novel findings indicate that orlistat could be useful to support myelopoesis in a tumor-bearing host.
STAT3 as a new autophagy regulator (2013)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins are cytoplasmic transcription factors that translocate into the nucleus to induce transcription following growth factor or cytokine stimulation. Besides their normal functions, these proteins play an important role in cancer cells through the abnormal activation of cell cycle progression and the deregulation of survival and senescence pathways. New data obtained from the laboratory of Guido Kroemer identifies STAT3 as a new autophagy regulator. In the cytoplasm, in the absence of conventional phosphorylation on the tyrosine 705 residue, STAT3 interacts with the PKR kinase to inhibit eIF2A phosphorylation and so reduce autophagic pathways. This new and nonconventional function of STAT3 has an important role in normal cells but we suggest that it might also affect cancer cells and the response to chemotherapy treatment.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: methods of presentation. (1990)

The forms of presentation of NPC, as related to the signs and symptoms of the disease, were studied in 215 patients over a 2-year period. A neck mass was the most common presenting symptom. Seventy percent of the patients were in Ho's stages III to V. This evidence emphasizes the need for earlier diagnosis to improve the prognosis of the disease. This earlier diagnosis could be achieved by increasing the awareness of both the patient and the clinician, particularly in countries where the incidence of NPC is high.
Involvement of intracellular glutathione in induction of apoptosis by cisplatin in a human pharyngeal carcinoma cell line. (1996)

We investigated the effect of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels on apoptosis in KB cells induced by cisplatin (CDDP). The mode of cell death, apoptosis or necrosis, was evaluated by biochemical and morphological criteria. The treatment of KB cells with D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO, a gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase inhibitor) decreased GSH level to 1/7th of that of control cells, and augmented cell death induced by CDDP via a necrotic rather than apoptotic process (the ratio of necrosis to apoptosis; n/a>14). In contrast, treatment with 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ, a precursor of cysteine) increased GSH levels 1.7 fold compared with that of untreated cells, inhibited cell death induced by CDDP and switched the mode of cell death from necrosis to apoptosis (n/a<0.8, similar to untreated cells). These results suggest that the GSH level affects the cytotoxicity of CDDP and plays an important role in switching the mode of cell death induced by CDDP.
Recent advances in understanding neuropathic pain: glia, sex differences, and epigenetics (2016)

Neuropathic pain results from diseases or trauma affecting the nervous system. This pain can be devastating and is poorly controlled. The pathophysiology is complex, and it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to identify the relevant targets for therapeutic intervention. In this article, we focus on the recent research investigating neuro-immune communication and epigenetic processes, which gain particular attention in the context of neuropathic pain. Specifically, we analyze the role of glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in the modulation of the central nervous system inflammation triggered by neuropathy. Considering epigenetics, we address DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the non-coding RNAs in the regulation of ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, and transmitters following neuronal damage. The goal was not only to highlight the emerging concepts but also to discuss controversies, methodological complications, and intriguing opinions.
Multicolor localization microscopy and point-spread-function engineering by deep learning (2019)

Deep learning has become an extremely effective tool for image classification and image restoration problems. Here, we apply deep learning to microscopy and demonstrate how neural networks can exploit the chromatic dependence of the point-spread function to classify the colors of single emitters imaged on a grayscale camera. While existing localization microscopy methods for spectral classification require additional optical elements in the emission path, e.g., spectral filters, prisms, or phase masks, our neural net correctly identifies static and mobile emitters with high efficiency using a standard, unmodified single-channel configuration. Furthermore, we show how deep learning can be used to design new phase-modulating elements that, when implemented into the imaging path, result in further improved color differentiation between species, including simultaneously differentiating four species in a single image.
A study on truncated cone-beam sampling strategies for 3D mammography (2004)

In USA, breast cancer is a most frequent cause of deaths for women. It is important to detect the cancer in its early stage. X-ray three-dimensional (3D) mammography can provide a good image resolution and contrast However, the associated radiation is relatively high. Reduction of the soft X-ray radiation for 3D mammography has been a research focus in the past years. In a typical 3D mammography system, the X-ray source and detector rotate around the object (breast) beneath the table, on which the patient lies in a prone position. In order to sample the data as close as possible to the chest base, a circular orbit with half cone-beam geometry has been investigated. It can provide very good reconstruction if the X-ray source is far away from the object. For a relatively short distance between the source and the object for an improved spatial resolution, the circular orbit may not be an optimal choice. In this case, the portion far away from the circular orbit wouldn't be well reconstructed because of the missing of projection data in that region. In this work, we investigated five possible orbits, attempting to find an optimal orbit that can reconstruct satisfactorily the whole object with least projections (less radiation). The results showed that two near half-circular orbits may be a choice, one near the chest base and the other near the breast tip. The redundant samplings beyond 180/spl deg/ were eliminated by our algorithm, rendering very good reconstructions.