gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Deep Red Emitting Phosphors Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+) (2014)

Abstract This study investigated the luminescence properties of novel deep red phosphors Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+). These phosphors efficiently excited using a blue LED light. It exhibited a deep red emission around 713 nm. The luminescence intensities of CZA:Mn0.03 and CZG:Mn0.03 excited at 450 nm were, respectively, about 2.2 and 2.7 times higher than that of YAG:Ce3+ (P46). These phosphors also show little temperature quenching, but more than that shown by YAG:Ce3+ at 423 K. These results show that the deep red phosphor Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+) is a beneficial phosphor for use in indoor plant cultivation.
A Quantitative Proteomic Approach of the Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer Establishes OLFM4 as a New Nonmetastatic Tumor Marker (2011)

Expression profiles represent new molecular tools that are useful to characterize the successive steps of tumor progression and the prediction of recurrence or chemotherapy response. In this study, we have used quantitative proteomic analysis to compare different stages of colorectal cancer. A combination of laser microdissection, OFFGEL separation, iTRAQ labeling, and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was used to explore the proteome of 28 colorectal cancer tissues. Two software packages were used for identification and quantification of differentially expressed proteins: Protein Pilot and iQuantitator. Based on 1,190,702 MS/MS spectra, a total of 3138 proteins were identified, which represents the largest database of colorectal cancer realized to date and demonstrates the value of our quantitative proteomic approach. In this way, individual protein expression and variation have been identified for each patient and for each colorectal dysplasia and cancer stage (stages I-IV). A total of 555 proteins presenting a significant fold change were quantified in the different stages, and this differential expression correlated with immunohistochemistry results reported in the Human Protein Atlas database. To identify a candidate biomarker of the early stages of colorectal cancer, we focused our study on secreted proteins. In this way, we identified olfactomedin-4, which was overexpressed in adenomas and in early stages of colorectal tumors. This early stage overexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 126 paraffin-embedded tissues. Our results also indicate that OLFM4 is regulated by the Ras-NF-B2 pathway, one of the main oncogenic pathways deregulated in colorectal tumors.
A STUDY OF THE ION EXCHANGE REMOVAL OF ANTIMONY(III) AND ANTIMONY(V) FROM COPPER ELECTROLYTES (2008)

Several methods have been developed to remove antimony from copper electrolytes. Previous research, however, has focussed almost exclusively on the behaviour of Sb(III), neglecting the fact that Sb(V) is also commonly found in copper electrolytes. In this project, the solubility and the ion exchange behaviour of both Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied and significant differences in the behaviour of the two species were observed. Thus, the solubility of Sb(III) in a synthetic copper electrolyte increased with temperature in the range from 30 to 80 °C, whereas the solubility of Sb(V) was constant over the same range. Both Sb(III) and Sb(V) were extracted by an aminophosphonic resin, but only Sb(III) was readily eluted by HCl or complexing agents, such as EDTA and tartaric acid. By contrast, the elution of Sb(V) was extremely slow with HCl and ineffective with complexing agents. This observation implies that in industrial practice, unless special measures are taken, Sb(V) will accumulate on the resin, eventually impeding the ion exchange process.Plusieurs méthodes ont été développées pour enlever l’antimoine des électrolytes de cuivre. Cependant, les recherches antécédentes étaient concentrées presque exclusivement sur le comportement de Sb(III), négligeant le fait qu’on trouve également Sb(V) communément dans les électrolytes de cuivre. Dans ce projet, on a étudié la solubilité et le comportement d’échange d’ions à la fois de Sb(III) et de Sb(V) et l’on a observé des différences importantes dans le comportement des deux espèces. Ainsi, la solubilité de Sb(III) dans un électrolyte synthétique de cuivre augmentait avec la température dans la gamme de 30 à 80°C, alors que la solubilité de Sb(V) était constante dans la même gamme de température. On a extrait tant le Sb(III) que le Sb(V) avec une résine aminophosphonique, mais seulement Sb(III) était facilement élué par le HCl ou par les agents complexants tels que l’EDTA et l’acide tartrique. En contraste, l’élution de Sb(V) était extrêmement lente avec le HCl et inefficace avec les agents complexants. Cette observation implique qu’en pratique industrielle, à moins qu’on ne prenne des mesures spéciales, le Sb(V) va s’accumuler dans la résine, empêchant éventuellement le procédé d’échange d’ions.
Expression system for foreign genes using the fission yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1999)

Foreign-gene expression systems using mammalian cells, Escherichia coli, insect cells, yeast and other organisms as hosts have been developed. The demand for protein-production systems will be further increased in basic research, medical science and the biotechnological industry. Systems using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a host have only recently received attention. The advantages of this yeast, which is more advanced evolutionarily than other types of yeast, the expression vectors available and examples of heterologous protein produced with this system, are reviewed here.
Electret Method for Continuous Measurement of the Concentration of Radon in Water (1995)

A passive system using an electret ion chamber to measure dissolved radon in a water sample has been recently described. In the current work, an electret ion chamber has been used to measure time-averaged concentration of dissolved radon in water. A steady concentration of radon in water is generated by bubbling radon gas into water in a 20-L jar and maintaining constant rates of feed and bleed of the water. To perform the measurement, the outgoing water flows into a 4-L cylindrical chamber. Air is bubbled at 1 L min-1 through a 10 cm long sintered stainless steel tube immersed in this water releasing the radon from water into the chamber volume. A 1-L electret ion chamber ("H" chamber) loaded with an electret is hung in the 4-L chamber. Radon diffuses into the "H" chamber through its tyvek (carbon-coated) covered openings. The radon concentration in air is measured from the change in electret voltage. The concentration of radon in water is then obtained from the concentration of radon in air and the air and water flow rates. For comparison, the radon concentration in water was measured using a standard liquid scintillation counting method. For the concentration range covered (4.7 to 72 Bq L-1), there was a good agreement between the two methods.
Enhanced percutaneous delivery of recombinant human epidermal growth factor employing nano-liposome system (2012)

We encapsulated recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) into nano-liposomes (NLs) system for topical delivery. The rhEGF-loaded NLs were prepared using a high pressure homogenization method. Morphology and overall particle distribution of NLs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution microscope (CytoViva™). Particle size, zeta (ζ) potential and encapsulation efficiency were measured and the percutaneous delivery of NLs was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells and immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mean particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of the NLs were 155.57 ± 2.59 nm, -57.92 ± 4.35 mV and 9.00 ± 0.39%, respectively. TEM and microscopic analysis showed spherical, very even-sized vesicles approximately 150 nm. The skin permeation and localization of rhEGF were enhanced by NLs. CLSM image analysis provided that the NLs enhanced the permeation and localization of rhEGF in rat skin by facilitating entry through pores of skin.
Compensated gadolinium-loaded plastic scintillators for thermal neutron detection and counting (2015)

Plastic, scintillator loading with gadolinium-rich organometallic complexes shows a high potential for the deployment of efficient and cost-effective neutron detectors. Due to the low-energy photon and electron signature of thermal neutron capture by gadolinium-155 and gadolinium-157, alternative treatment to Pulse Shape Discrimination has to be proposed in order to display a trustable count rate. This paper discloses the principle of a compensation method applied to a two-scintillator system: a detection scintillator interacts with photon radiation and is loaded with gadolinium organometallic compound to become a thermal neutron absorber, while a non-gadolinium loaded compensation scintillator solely interacts with the photon part of the incident radiation. Posterior to the nonlinear smoothing of the counting signals, a hypothesis test determines whether the resulting count rate after photon response compensation falls into statistical fluctuations or provides a robust image of neutron activity. A laboratory prototype is tested under both photon and neutron irradiations, allowing us to investigate the performance of the overall compensation system in terms of neutron detection, especially with regards to a commercial helium-3 counter. The study reveals satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity and orientates future investigation toward promising axes.
Immune response to dimeric subunits of the pertussis toxin B oligomer (1989)

Immunization of mice with the dimeric subunits of pertussis toxin (S2-S4 and S3-S4) induced an antibody response detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot techniques. These antibodies were able to neutralize the ability of pertussis toxin to alter the morphology of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mice immunized with the dimers were also protected against the leukocytosis-promoting effects of toxin. Based on these data, the dimers of pertussis toxin may be considered for further study as potential vaccine candidates.
Optical-wavelength-scale filters (1997)

Optical communications have reached bit-rates of 10 Gbit/sec and higher. Optical filters for optical signal processing can be constructed from coupled resonators. Wavelength scale resonators have sufficiently large free spectral range to span a communications bandwidth of several tens to several hundred of nanometers. If the bandwidths of the filters are large (10 GHz or larger), the Q's of the optical resonators appropriate for such bandwidths are realizable in several ways. Because the structures are small, they are also prone to radiate, suffering radiation loss. Radiation loss is of primary concern in the design of such structures. Three types of structures will be described in this talk photonic bandgap structures, waveguide ring resonators and channel dropping filters.
Do human eggs attract spermatozoa? (1999)

A key process in human fertilization is bringing the two gametes together, so that the complex molecular events involved in sperm and egg interaction can begin. Does nature allow fertilization to occur only as a consequence of a chance collision, or is there a precontact sperm-egg communication? This review summarizes the bioassays used in testing human spermatozoa for chemotaxis, emphasizing the necessity to distinguish between chemotaxis and other accumulation-causing processes, and the results obtained. It demonstrates that human sperm chemotaxis to a follicular factor(s) does occur, at least in vitro, and that only capacitated spermatozoa are chemotactically responsive. Substances that have been proposed as attractants for human spermatozoa are reassessed. The potential role of sperm chemotaxis in vivo is discussed. Faulty precontact sperm-egg communication may be one of the causes of male infertility, female infertility, or both. On the other hand, interfering with human sperm chemotaxis may represent an exciting new approach to contraception.
Comparative genome analysis of a large Dutch Legionella pneumophila strain collection identifies five markers highly correlated with clinical strains (2010)

A novel approach for identifying predictive markers enabling discrimination between clinical and environmental isolates of L. pneumophila is presented. Out of over 3000 possible markers, five were selected that together enabled correct prediction of all the clinical strains included in this study. This novel approach for identifying predictive markers can be applied to all bacterial species, allowing for better discrimination between strains well equipped to cause human disease and relatively harmless strains.
Sensor Transformation Attention Networks (2017)

Recent work on encoder-decoder models for sequence-to-sequence mapping has shown that integrating both temporal and spatial attention mechanisms into neural networks increases the performance of the system substantially. In this work, we report on the application of an attentional signal not on temporal and spatial regions of the input, but instead as a method of switching among inputs themselves. We evaluate the particular role of attentional switching in the presence of dynamic noise in the sensors, and demonstrate how the attentional signal responds dynamically to changing noise levels in the environment to achieve increased performance on both audio and visual tasks in three commonly-used datasets: TIDIGITS, Wall Street Journal, and GRID. Moreover, the proposed sensor transformation network architecture naturally introduces a number of advantages that merit exploration, including ease of adding new sensors to existing architectures, attentional interpretability, and increased robustness in a variety of noisy environments not seen during training. Finally, we demonstrate that the sensor selection attention mechanism of a model trained only on the small TIDIGITS dataset can be transferred directly to a pre-existing larger network trained on the Wall Street Journal dataset, maintaining functionality of switching between sensors to yield a dramatic reduction of error in the presence of noise.
Achromatic nested Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror optics for hard X-ray nanofocusing (2011)

The first test of nanoscale-focusing Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors in the nested (or Montel) configuration used at a hard X-ray synchrotron beamline is reported. The two mirrors are both 40 mm long and coated with Pt to produce a focal length of 60 mm at 3 mrad incident angle, and collect up to a 120 µm by 120 µm incident X-ray beam with maximum angular acceptance of 2 mrad and a broad bandwidth of energies up to 30 keV. In an initial test a focal spot of about 150 nm in both horizontal and vertical directions was achieved with either polychromatic or monochromatic beam. The nested mirror geometry, with two mirrors mounted side-by-side and perpendicular to each other, is significantly more compact and provides higher demagnification than the traditional sequential KB mirror arrangement. Ultimately, nested mirrors can focus larger divergence to improve the diffraction limit of achromatic optics. A major challenge with the fabrication of the required mirrors is the need for near-perfect mirror surfaces near the edge of at least one of the mirrors. Special polishing procedures and surface profile coating were used to preserve the mirror surface quality at the reflecting edge. Further developments aimed at achieving diffraction-limited focusing below 50 nm are underway.
An Automated Policy Generation System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

In this paper, we describe an approach to the problem of automated policy generation for mobile ad hoc networks. The automated policy generation problem is difficult in its own right. It becomes even more challenging when the context environment to consider is a mobile ad hoc network. We designed an optimization-based, utility-driven approach aimed at generating optimal policies with respect to the given network objectives. The main novelty of this approach is in the combination of optimization heuristics and network simulation to solve the problem. We describe this approach, present the software architecture of our implementation, and illustrate this approach with a case study on automated generation of DiffServ-based QoS policies for a 50-node mobile ad hoc network.
Evaluation of virtual reality interface for product shape designs (1998)

Abstract It is generally acknowledged that existing computer-aided design systems have inefficient user interfaces. Especially during the concept shape design stage, these systems prove to be cumbersome because of two reasons: (i) they require the usage of two-dimensional (2D) input devices, while the designs are typically three-dimensional (3D); and, (ii) CAD systems require the specification of dimensions, which may not be precisely known at the concept stage. To overcome these limitations, this research proposes the use of virtual reality (VR) devices to provide a physically intuitive interface for concept shape creation. The intuitiveness of the interface arises from the use of natural hand gestures and voice commands that emulate the way in which designers discuss concept shapes. In this scenario, the interface between the human and computer plays a central role with respect to usability, usefulness and accuracy. The focus of this research is on using two modalities: (i) hand input; and, (ii) voice driven commands, or a combination of these modalities to accomplish typical CAD tasks. Based on experience with a conventional CAD system, a set of typical CAD tasks are identified. A series of tests are then performed to determine the relative efficiency of the different modality combinations to achieve each task. The interface test results indicate that while voice commands are intuitive in initiating operations such as viewpoint zooming in/out and object creation/deletion, hand inputs are effective in performing spatial tasks such as interactive dimensioning and re-location of shapes. It was also found that a combination of voice and hand input can be used for accomplishing certain tasks more effectively such as, zooming in/out a particular direction (hand orientation indicates direction and voice is used for indicating zoom in/out operation). Based on the experience with the prototypical system developed it is concluded that voice and hand input are effective ways of building three-dimensional shapes in a virtual reality environment. To verify the efficiency of the VR-CAD interface, sample injection molded parts are built on the current VR-based CAD system and a traditional CAD system, and the times taken to build these parts are compared. The test results indicate that building geometry shapes containing canonical forms, such as block, cylinder, sphere, ⃛ etc, using a VR interface results in a speedup of five to ten times over traditional CAD systems.
Simultaneous stretching and corona poling of PVDF films (1991)

Simultaneous stretching and corona poling (SSCP) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films at elevated temperatures in batch mode greatly enhanced the piezo- and pyroelectric constants. When poled under optimum conditions, a piezoelectric constant d31 approximately 60 pC N-1 and a pyroelectric constant p approximately 6 nC cm-2 K-1 at 30 degrees C were obtained. Both these values are about twice the best values found by the authors, and other workers, for films that were first stretched and then corona poled. The time stability of d31 at all temperatures was also greatly improved by SSCP. They postulate that there is a greater contribution of whole beta crystallite rotation in these SSCP films. X-rays show that they have enhanced beta phase over those that are first stretched and then poled.
Organic light emitting diodes (2002)

Organic light emitting diodes with a complex multilayer structure have been successfully fabricated for bright light emission in the entire visible spectral region. The CIE coordinates of the blue, green, and red emitting electroluminescent devices are plotted in the chromaticity diagram. Double heterostructure organic LEDs with separate hole injection and transport layers allow to achieve low turn-on voltages of only about 4 V and a significantly increased quantum efficiency.
Built-in Harmonic Prediction Scheme for Embedded Segmented-Data-Converters (2020)

Increase in manufacturing test cost is of paramount issue to chip suppliers, which has been primarily due to costly external testers and long test-time. This paper proposes a loopback-based self-test technique to cost-effectively predict the dynamic nonlinearities of on-chip segmented digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital-converter (ADC), by externally looping a DAC back to an ADC, through an external load board employing two parallel paths: a programmable-gain-amplifier (PGA) path and a bypass path for test purpose. A segmented DAC (or ADC) consists of coarse and fine DACs (or ADCs). Two loopback tests are sequentially performed. For the first loopback test, a clean and single-tone sinusoidal signal is applied to a coarse DAC, and it bypasses a fine DAC for test purpose. The obtained DAC output is then fed to a coarse ADC through a bypass path on the load board. Simultaneously, the DAC output is applied to a fine ADC through a PGA path, so that the DAC output signal can fit into the input full-scale range of the fine ADC. For the second loopback test, a sinusoid is fed to a fine DAC, and it bypasses a coarse DAC in this time. Similarly, the DAC output is then applied to a fine and a coarse ADCs through two paths on the load board, at the same time. For postprocessing in on-chip processor, the correlation equations between the dynamic nonlinearities of sub-DACs/ADCs and the aforementioned loopback responses are simultaneously solved to predict the dynamic nonlinearity for each of a DAC and an ADC. Simulation and hardware measurements verified that the proposed technique can be practically used for production testing, by showing less than 0.28-dB and 0.55-dB of the prediction errors, respectively.
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells isolated from old animals exhibit reduced capacity to support the formation of microvascular networks (2015)

Advancing donor age reduces the potential of adipose-derived SVF to derive a mature microcirculation, but does not hinder initial angiogenesis. However, modulation of Thbs-1 may improve this outcome. This data suggests that greater pruning, dysfunctional structural adaptation and/or poor maturation with initiation of blood flow may occur in oSVF.
Electronic Neural Networks For Global Optimization (1990)

An electronic neural network with feedback architecture, implemented in analog custom VLSI is described. Its application to problems of global optimization for dynamic assignment is discussed. The convergence properties of the neural network hardware are compared with computer simulation results. The neural network's ability to provide optimal or near optimal solutions within only a few neuron time constants, a speed enhancement of several orders of magnitude over conventional search methods, is demonstrated. The effect of noise on the circuit dynamics and the convergence behavior of the neural network hardware is also examined.
Zoom lens principles and types (1992)

Relaxation of various restrictions has led to new zoom lens types which include multiple zooming groups and advanced concepts for focusing. New designs can now rival fixed focal length lenses for most applications, and with the use of aspherics can be low cost. Gaussian optics and primary aberrations are used to obtain good starting design types.