gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 4 kb/s hybrid MELP/CELP coder with alignment phase encoding and zero-phase equalization (2002)

The paper describes a hybrid multi-modal codec with MELP and CELP coders used for different speech regions. Three modes are used: strongly voiced, weakly voiced, and unvoiced. The weakly voiced mode includes transitions and plosives; it is used when neither strong voicing nor unvoiced region are clearly identified. In the strongly voiced mode the MELP coder is used, while in the weakly voiced and unvoiced modes the CELP coder is employed. To limit switching artifacts between the coders, alignment phase is estimated and transmitted in the MELP mode making the original and MELP-synthesized speech time-synchronous. Additionally, in zero-phase equalization, the phase component of the CELP target signal is removed making the target waveform more similar to the MELP-synthesized speech. These two techniques, alignment-phase encoding and zero-phase equalization, greatly reduce switching artifacts in MELP/CELP transition regions. Formal listening test results of the 4 kb/s hybrid coder show that it can achieve speech quality equivalent to 32 kb/s ADPCM.
Data from Identification of a Three-Biomarker Panel in Urine for Early Detection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are currently not available. Here, we aimed to identify a set of urine proteins able to distinguish patients with early-stage PDAC from healthy individuals.</p><p><b>Experimental design:</b> Proteomes of 18 urine samples from healthy controls, chronic pancreatitis, and patients with PDAC (six/group) were assayed using GeLC/MS/MS analysis. The selected biomarkers were subsequently validated with ELISA assays using multiple logistic regression applied to a training dataset in a multicenter cohort comprising 488 urine samples.</p><p><b>Results:</b> LYVE-1, REG1A, and TFF1 were selected as candidate biomarkers. When comparing PDAC (<i>n</i> = 192) with healthy (<i>n</i> = 87) urine specimens, the resulting areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) of the panel were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–0.94] in the training (70% of the data) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.98) in the validation (30% of the data) datasets. When comparing PDAC stage I–II (<i>n</i> = 71) with healthy urine specimens, the panel achieved AUCs of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.96) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84–1.00) in the training and validation datasets, respectively. In PDAC stage I–II and healthy samples with matching plasma CA19.9, the panel achieved a higher AUC of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99) than CA19.9 (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81–0.95, <i>P</i> = 0.005). Adding plasma CA19.9 to the panel increased the AUC from 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99) to 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–1.00, <i>P</i> = 0.04), but did not improve the comparison of stage I–IIA PDAC (<i>n</i> = 17) with healthy urine.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We have established a novel, three-protein biomarker panel that is able to detect patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer in urine specimens. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3512–21. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Energy impact of emerging mobile internet applications on LTE networks: issues and solutions (2013)

Mobile Internet applications run on devices such as smartphones and tablets, and have dramatically changed the landscape of applicationgenerated network traffic. The potent combination of millions of such applications and the instant accessibility of high-speed Internet on mobile devices through 3G and now LTE technology has also changed how users themselves interact with the Internet. Specifically, the radio states in LTE such as RRC_Connected and RRC_Idle were designed with more traditional applications such as web browsing and FTP in mind. These traditional applications typically generated traffic only during Active (Connected) state, and once the user session ended, usually the traffic ended too, thus allowing the radio to move to Inactive (Idle) state. However, newer applications such as Facebook and Twitter generate a constant stream of autonomous and/or user generated traffic at all times, thus erasing the previously clear demarcation between Active and Inactive states. This means a given mobile device (or user equipment, in LTE parlance) often ends up moving between Connected and Idle states frequently to send mostly short bursts of data, draining device battery and causing excessive signaling overhead in LTE networks. This problem has grown and attracted the research community's attention to address the negative effects of frequent back and forth transitions between LTE radio states. In this article, we first explore the traffic characteristics of these emerging mobile Internet applications and how they differ from more traditional applications. We investigate their impact on LTE device power and air interface signaling. We then present a survey of state-of-the-art solutions proposed in literature to address the problems, and analyze their merits and demerits. Lastly, we discuss the solutions adopted by 3GPP including the latest developments in Release 11 to handle these issues, and present potential future research directions in this field.
Global Assessment of Dengue Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Dengue-Endemic Areas (2017)

The DENV CD4 MP<sub>180</sub> can be utilized to measure <i>ex vivo</i> responses to DENV irrespective of geographical location.
Development of Chiral Negative Refractive Index Metamaterials for the Terahertz Frequency Regime (2007)

A novel negative refractive index (NRI) chiral meta-material (MTM), based on the Y structure, has been designed and tested in the microwave and terahertz frequencies. In addition to providing magnetoelectric coupling, this MTM has a negative index of refraction passband that can be tuned in both the frequency of operation and bandwidth with lower losses compared to other known chiral structures. Group theory was used to analyze the magnetoelectric coupling of the Y-shaped structure and circuit analysis was used to aid in the design of the NRI material and full-wave finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were conducted to determine the transmission characteristics of the material. Wedge-and prism-shaped models comprised of the designed structures were simulated to validate the NRI behavior and were then compared to experimental results in the microwave regime. Furthermore, the Y-shaped design was fabricated in the THz regime and the co-and cross-polarized transmission coefficients were determined from experiments and were compared to numerical results.
Speckle imaging over horizontal paths (2002)

Atmospheric aberrations reduce the resolution and contrast in surveillance images recorded over horizontal or slant paths. This paper describes our recent horizontal and slant-path imaging experiments of extended scenes as well as the results obtained using speckle imaging. The experiments were performed with an 8-inch diameter telescope placed on either a rooftop or hillside and cover ranges of interest from 0.5 km up to 10 km. The scenery includes resolution targets, people, vehicles, and other structures. The improvement in image quality using speckle imaging is dramatic in many cases, and depends significantly upon the atmospheric conditions. We quantify resolution improvement through modulation transfer function measurement comparisons.
HARQ Rate-Compatible Polar Codes for Wireless Channels (2014)

A design of rate-compatible polar codes suitable for HARQ communications is proposed in this paper. An important feature of the proposed design is that the puncturing order is chosen with low complexity on a base code of short length, which is then further polarized to the desired length. A practical rate-matching system that has the flexibility to choose any desired rate through puncturing or repetition while preserving the polarization is suggested. The proposed rate-matching system is combined with channel interleaving and a bit-mapping procedure that preserves the polarization of the rate-compatible polar code family over bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. Simulation results on AWGN and fast fading channels with different modulation orders show the robustness of the proposed rate-compatible polar code in both Chase combining and incremental redundancy HARQ communications.
A Fluorescent Vesicle System for the Measurement of Blood Velocity in the Choroidal Vessels (1996)

This technique is an effective method of measuring blood velocity in a primate model and has several important advantages compared with the dye dilution technique.
Twist Defect in Chiral Photonic Structures (2002)

We demonstrate that twisting one part of a chiral photonic structure about its helical axis produces a single circularly polarized localized mode that gives rise to an anomalous crossover in propagation. Up to a crossover thickness, this defect results in a peak in transmission and exponential scaling of the linewidth for a circularly polarized wave with the same handedness as structure. Above the crossover, however, the linewidth saturates and the defect mode can be excited only by the oppositely polarized wave, resulting in a peak in reflection instead of transmission.
Reverse-rotational domains in in-plane switching-mode liquid crystal displays (2001)

Characteristic dark domains are observed around the tips of electrodes in in-plane switching-mode liquid crystal displays. In these domains, the liquid crystal molecules rotate in the reverse direction because of the radially distorted electric field. We found that these domains extend toward the central area when a higher voltage is applied. This article discusses these reverse-rotational domains.
Targeting Television Audiences Using Demographic Similarity (2010)

Targeting advertising on television is difficult due to limitations around ad tracking and ad delivery. This paper describes a new method of television advertising which can work with today's state of the art broadcast television media. The method works by calculating a match score between historical buyer demographics and television station-program-day-hour demographics. Television media which is very similar to the demographic of the buyer is targeted for advertising. The method is tested in a live media buy and it is shown that the method can significantly increases the performance of television advertising.
Subcarrier Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar in the Terahertz Range Based on a Resonant-Tunneling-Diode Oscillator (2020)

We introduce a new principle for distance measurement in the terahertz-wave range using a resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) oscillator as a source at 511 GHz and relying on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar technique. Unlike the usual FMCW radar, where the sawtooth frequency modulation is applied to the carrier, we propose applying it to a subcarrier obtained by amplitude modulation; this is advantageous when the source cannot be controlled precisely in oscillation frequency, but can easily be modulated in amplitude, as is the case of the RTD oscillator. The detailed principle and a series of proof-of-concept experimental results are presented.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement Devices: Challenges and Proposals (2021)

Several novel cuffless wearable devices and smartphone applications claiming that they can measure blood pressure (BP) are appearing on the market. These technologies are very attractive and promising, with increasing interest among health care professionals for their potential use. Moreover, they are becoming popular among patients with hypertension and healthy people. However, at the present time, there are serious issues about BP measurement accuracy of cuffless devices and the 2021 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines on BP measurement do not recommend them for clinical use. Cuffless devices have special validation issues, which have been recently recognized. It is important to note that the 2018 Universal Standard for the validation of automated BP measurement devices developed by the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, the European Society of Hypertension, and the International Organization for Standardization is inappropriate for the validation of cuffless devices. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of publications presenting data on the accuracy of novel cuffless BP measurement devices, with inadequate methodology and potentially misleading conclusions. The objective of this review is to facilitate understanding of the capabilities and limitations of emerging cuffless BP measurement devices. First, the potential and the types of these devices are described. Then, the unique challenges in evaluating the BP measurement accuracy of cuffless devices are explained. Studies from the literature and computer simulations are employed to illustrate these challenges. Finally, proposals are given on how to evaluate cuffless devices including presenting and interpreting relevant study results.
Characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions comprising ferromagnetic amorphous NiFeSiB layers (2006)

In this study, we investigated that both magnetic switching and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of MTJs with the NiFeSiB free layer. The junctions were fabricated by a photolithographic patterning procedure and ion beam etching. A magnetic field of 100 Oe was applied during deposition to induce the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic layer.The NiFeSiB layers were used to substitute for the traditionally used CoFe and/or NiFe layers with the emphasis being given to obtaining an understanding of the effect of the amorphous free layer on the switching characteristics of the MTJs. Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">62</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sub> has a lower saturation magnetization (Ms: 800 emu/cm3) than Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">90</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> and a higher anisotropy constant.
<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-Annexin A5 Uptake and Imaging to Monitor Chemosensitivity (2005)

Most anticancer agents act by inducing apoptosis in sensitive tumor cells. Hence, in many types of cancers, significant increase of tumor apoptosis after chemotherapy correlates with tumor chemosensitivity. Theoretically, a reliable evaluation of apoptotic changes, postchemotherapy to baseline, may provide valuable insights into the apoptotic competence of cancers. Until now, assessment of chemosensitivity has usually relied upon histological evidence of tumor response (i.e., partial or complete disappearance of tumor cells) or demonstration of tumor shrinkage by means of morphological imaging (i.e., computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). In clinical practice, however, these conventional methods are proving ineffective for monitoring tumor chemosensitivity on a daily basis. Recent developments in molecular imaging have allowed the synthesis of a new radiolabeled agent, 99mTc-recombinant human Annexin A5, designed to the assessment of apoptotic response of cancers after a single course of chemotherapy. Such in vivo technique opens promising perspectives for evaluating, noninvasively and early, tumor response to anticancer therapies. Alternative methods for Annexin A5 labeling and imaging may improve the detection of drug-induced apoptosis to monitor chemosensitivity.
Cytokinin Induction of Root Nodule Primordia in <i>Lotus japonicus</i> Is Regulated by a Mechanism Operating in the Root Cortex (2011)

Cytokinin plays a central role in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules following inoculation with rhizobia. We show that exogenous cytokinin induces formation of discrete and easily visible nodule primordia in Lotus japonicus roots. The expression of nodulin genes was up-regulated upon cytokinin treatment, suggesting that the genuine nodulation program was indeed activated. This offers a simple approach for dissecting the underlying mechanism. Cytokinin-induced nodule primordia formation was unperturbed in several loss-of-function mutants impaired in epidermal responses to either rhizobial infection, Nod factor application, or both. However, absence of primordia in nsp1, nsp2, and nin mutants showed the requirement for these transcriptional regulators in the cytokinin-mediated activation of the root cortex. Distinguishing the epidermal and cortical responses further, we found that external cytokinin application induced expression of the Nin::GUS reporter gene within the root cortex but not in the root epidermis. Using L. japonicus lhk1-1 and har1 mutants, we demonstrate that discrete activation of root cortical cells by cytokinin depends on the LHK1 cytokinin receptor and is subjected to HAR1-mediated autoregulation.
<title>Laser surgical unit for photoablative and photothermal keratoplasty</title> (1991)

Laser surgery on the eye and cornea requires a very high degree of spatial accuracy and reproducibility if refractive outcomes are to be reliable. We have identified and analysed the components of accuracy that need to be addressed, and with the results of this analysis designed and built a computer-controlled laser delivery system for anterior chamber ophthalmic surgery. Design parameters, achievable operating parameters and clinical results are shown and demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Halopyridyl and Thiazolyl Thiourea Compounds is a Major Determinant of Their Potency as Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Large scale hierarchical clustering of protein sequences (2005)

Comparisons with other widely used clustering methods on various data sets show the abilities and strengths of our clustering methods in producing a biologically meaningful grouping of protein sequences.
Evolution of the acousto-optic wavelength routing switch (1996)

Through the efforts of many research groups and consortia over the last several years, the acousto-optic tunable filter has evolved into a device capable of high-performance wavelength-selective optical switching and wavelength routing in dense WDM systems. The distinguishing feature of the AO switch is its ability to sustain many independent coexisting passbands, thus allowing in a simple integrated-optic device, the parallel processing capability of much more complex designs. The AOTF has also found a role in active gain equalization of optically amplified networks. In this paper, we review the design of both hybrid and fully integrated AO switches. The theory of operation is reviewed and recent advances in passband engineering are described which have made low-crosstalk, wavelength misalignment-tolerant switches to be possible. Advanced issues such as mechanisms of interchannel crosstalk and its reduction are also discussed. Both device and system issues are covered.
Biodiesel by Hydroesterification of Oil from the Microalgae <i>Scenedesmus dimorphus</i> (2013)

In this work we investigated the synthesis of methyl esters (biodiesel) of oil obtained from the microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus through the hydro-esterification process (esterification process preceded by hydrolysis) as possible alternative for conventional processes. There is interest to develop new raw materials and reactions processes that favors the maintenance of biodiesel in the global energy matrix. Keywords: Biodiesel, hydroesterification, microalgae scenedesmus dimorphus.
A Generalized Cross-Connected Submodule Structure for Hybrid Multilevel Converters (2016)

The fault-tolerant multilevel converters are gaining increased interests for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) applications due to their ability to suppress the fault current during dc-side faults. However, most of these topologies use full-bridge submodules (FBSMs) resulting in the requirement of a large number of semiconductor switches. In this paper, a new generalized cross-connected SM (GX-SM) structure is presented, which requires lesser number of switching devices and provides the same functionality as the FBSM. A comparison of the switches required in the different converter topologies using FBSMs and GX-SMs is performed. The performance evaluation of two of the dc-side fault-tolerant converter topologies, namely alternate arm modular multilevel converter (AAMMC) and hybrid cascaded modular multilevel converter (HCMC) with the GX-SM, is performed using simulation studies done in PSCAD/EMTDC. The modulation and control schemes for these GX-SMs-based converters are presented. A new mixed-SM configuration of AAMMC is proposed which utilizes an optimal combination of GX-SMs and half-bridge SMs. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GX-SM structure, and satisfactory responses of the GX-SMs-based AAMMC and HCMC systems controlled using the presented modulation and control strategies under various system conditions.
Fluidization enhancement of agglomerates of metal oxide nanopowders by microjets (2009)

Abstract The quality of gas–solid fluidization of agglomerates of nanoparticles has been greatly enhanced by adding a secondary flow in the form of a high‐velocity jet produced by one or more micronozzles pointing vertically downward toward the distributor. The micronozzles produced a jet with sufficient velocity (hundreds of meters per second), turbulence, and shear to break‐up large nanoagglomerates, prevent channeling, curtail bubbling, and promote liquid‐like fluidization. For example, Aerosil R974, an agglomerate particulate fluidization (APF) type nanopowder, expanded up to 50 times its original bed height, and difficult to fluidize agglomerate bubbling fluidization (ABF) type nanopowders, such as Aeroxide TiO2 P25, were converted to APF type behavior, showing large bed expansions and homogeneous fluidization without bubbles. Microjet‐assisted nanofluidization was also found to improve solids motion and prevent powder packing in an internal, is easily scaled‐up, and can mix and blend different species of nanoparticles on the nanoscale. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Complete angle small animal fluorescence imaging with early-arriving photons (2009)

Fluorescence mediated tomography allows quantitative, three-dimensional imaging of optical reporter probes in whole animals and is therefore emerging as a powerful molecular imaging tool. The achievable image quality in fluorescence tomography is limited by the high-degree of light scatter in biological tissue. Time-gated detection of early-arriving and therefore minimally-scattered photons transmitted through diffusive tissue is one strategy for minimizing the effects of light scatter. In this work, we performed full-angle tomographic imaging of mice implanted with fluorescent tubes using time-gated detection of early- and later-arriving photons. This was achieved using a femtosecond laser and a high-speed, time-gated intensified CCD imager. We demonstrate that the early-transmitted fluorescent photons allow improved visualization of the fluorescence distribution, even when considering individual projections through the animal. High-fidelity image reconstruction using 72 projections in 5-degree steps using early-arriving photons is also demonstrated.