gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoelectronic Effects in the 02-mediated Autoxidation of Reduced Folate Derivatives (1993)

Summary For over forty years pteridinologists have studied the O 2 -mediated autoxidation of reduced folate derivatives. This effort has resulted in the identification of several transient intermediates and many products. Until now. however, no clear explanation has emerged of why certain reduced folate derivatives arc less susceptible to autoxidation than others. Presented below is a detailed theoretical model which readily explains the chemical behavior of reduced folate derivatives towards O 2 . Of note are the steric and electronic forces at work during the formation of the 4a-hydroperoxy intermediate and the stereoelectronic factors that predominate during its breakdown.
Issue Tracking Systems (2009)

Existuje mnoho aplikaci zaměřených na efektivni řizeni a sledovani životniho cyklu projektů, ukolů a požadavků v organizaci. Cilem prace je podat přehledný uvod do světa těchto aplikaci a představit v soucasnosti nejvyuživanějsi řeseni. Dale by cilem prace mělo být vyvinuti zasuvneho modulu (plug-inu) do vývojoveho prostředi NetBeans IDE, který by v něm usnadnil použiti systemu pro řizeni a spravu ukolů a požadavků v projektu JIRA.
Real-Time Monocular Depth Estimation Using Synthetic Data with Domain Adaptation via Image Style Transfer (2018)

Monocular depth estimation using learning-based approaches has become promising in recent years. However, most monocular depth estimators either need to rely on large quantities of ground truth depth data, which is extremely expensive and difficult to obtain, or predict disparity as an intermediary step using a secondary supervisory signal leading to blurring and other artefacts. Training a depth estimation model using pixel-perfect synthetic data can resolve most of these issues but introduces the problem of domain bias. This is the inability to apply a model trained on synthetic data to real-world scenarios. With advances in image style transfer and its connections with domain adaptation (Maximum Mean Discrepancy), we take advantage of style transfer and adversarial training to predict pixel perfect depth from a single real-world color image based on training over a large corpus of synthetic environment data. Experimental results indicate the efficacy of our approach compared to contemporary state-of-the-art techniques.
Microwave-assisted sidewall functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by Diels–Alder cycloaddition (2004)

The first Diels-Alder cycloaddition of o-quinodimethane to SWNT has been performed under microwave irradiation.
Surface structure of the COPII-coated vesicle (2001)

The spatial arrangement of COPII coat protein subunits was analyzed by crosslinking to an artificial membrane surface and by electron microscopy of coat proteins and coated vesicle surfaces. The efficiency of COPII subunit crosslinking to phospholipids declined in order of protein recruitment to the coat: Sar1p > Sec23/24p >> Sec13/31p. Deep-etch rotary shadowing and electron microscopy were used to explore the COPII subunit structure with isolated proteins and coated vesicles. Sec23/24 resembles a bow tie, and Sec13/31p contains terminal bilobed globular structures bordering a central rod. The surface structure of COPII vesicles revealed a coat built with polygonal units. The length of the side of the hexagonal/pentagonal units is close to the dimension of the central rod-like segment of Sec13/31. Partially uncoated profiles revealed strands of Sec13/31p stripped from the vesicle surface. We conclude that the coat subunits form layers displaced from the membrane surface in reverse order of addition to the coat.
Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy: Is Increased NAD+ a Primary Mechanism? (2017)

The ketogenic diet's (KD) anticonvulsant effects have been well-documented for nearly a century, including in randomized controlled trials. Some patients become seizure-free and some remain so after diet cessation. Many recent studies have explored its expanded therapeutic potential in diverse neurological disorders, yet no mechanism(s) of action have been established. The diet's high fat, low carbohydrate composition reduces glucose utilization and promotes the production of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are a more efficient energy source than glucose and improve mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Cellular energy production depends on the metabolic coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a marker for mitochondrial and cellular health. Furthermore, NAD activates downstream signaling pathways (such as the sirtuin enzymes) associated with major benefits such as longevity and reduced inflammation; thus, increasing NAD is a coveted therapeutic endpoint. Based on differential NAD<sup>+</sup> utilization during glucose- vs. ketone body-based acetyl-CoA generation for entry into the tricarboxylic cycle, we propose that a KD will increase the NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio. When rats were fed <i>ad libitum</i> KD, significant increases in hippocampal NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio and blood ketone bodies were detected already at 2 days and remained elevated at 3 weeks, indicating an early and persistent metabolic shift. Based on diverse published literature and these initial data we suggest that increased NAD during ketolytic metabolism may be a primary mechanism behind the beneficial effects of this metabolic therapy in a variety of brain disorders and in promoting health and longevity.
0.35 μm rule device pattern fabrication using high absorption-type novolac photoresist in single layer deep ultraviolet lithography: Surface image transfer for contact hole fabrication (1992)

0.35 μm design rule device patterns were fabricated using high absorption-type positive and negative photoresist with a KrF excimer laser stepper. The main reason for using high absorption-type photoresist was to minimize the thin film interference effect caused by high reflectivity of the substrate in the deep ultraviolet region. The positive photoresist was FH-EX1 (Fuji-Hunt) and negative photoresist was SAL601. Both contain novolac resin as the base polymer. The positive photoresist was mainly used for poly-Si and W–Si layer pattern fabrication and the negative photoresist was used for the contact hole pattern fabrication. In the contact hole fabrication a surface image transfer technique was used. This technique relies on the direct transfer of the surface negative photoresist image to the insulating layer with highly anisotropic etching and is completely different from the so-called ‘‘surface imaging technique’’ using gas phase silylation and successive dry resist development (O2 reactive ion etching). Although the process was a tentative one, critical dimension controllability of this approach satisfied research and development level device fabrication requirements.
Time-Slotted Round-Trip Carrier Synchronization (2007)

We consider the problem of synchronizing the carriers of two sources in a wireless communication system with one destination. Carrier synchronization has been considered recently in cooperative communication systems where the sources wish to pool their antenna resources and transmit as a "distributed beamformer". Based on the concept of round-trip carrier synchronization first described in [1], we propose a new time-slotted round-trip carrier synchronization system and describe its implementation in systems with single-path or multi- path channels. The performance of the time-slotted round-trip carrier synchronization system is investigated in terms of the phase offset at the destination and the expected beamforming time before resynchronization is required. Our results suggest that the synchronization overhead can be small with respect to the potential beamforming gains.
Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides. (1980)

The natural pyrethrins from the daisy-like flower, Tanacetum or Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, are nonpersistent insecticides of low toxicity to mammals. Synthetic analogs or pyrethroids, evolved from the natural compounds by successive isosteric modifications, are more potent and stable and are the newest important class of crop protection chemicals. They retain many of the favorable properties of the pyrethrins.
<i>Scopulariopsis brevicaulis</i>, a Fungal Pathogen Resistant to Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agents (2003)

The antifungal susceptibility results for 32 clinical isolates of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis are presented. Flucytosine and itraconazole were inactive in vitro, and MICs of amphotericin B, voriconazole, and terbinafine for all isolates were high, with geometric means of 13, 25.8, and 14.4 microg/ml, respectively.
Protection of endogenous enkephalin catabolism as natural approach to novel analgesic and antidepressant drugs (2007)

The most efficient drugs to alleviate severe pain are opioid compounds. However, their chronic use could be associated with serious drawbacks, such as tolerance, respiratory depression and constipation. Therefore, there is a need for compounds able to efficiently alleviate inflammatory and neurogenic pain following chronic treatment. The discovery that the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, are inactivated by two metallopeptidases, neutral endopeptidase and aminopeptidase N, which can be blocked by synthetic dual inhibitors, represents a promising way to develop 'physiological' analgesics devoid of morphine side effects. These dual inhibitors also have antidepressant-like properties through enkephalin-related activation of delta-opioid receptors. This is expected to reduce the emotional component of pain in humans. This article reviews the promising data obtained for future development of a new class of analgesic that could be of major interest in a number of severe and chronic pain syndromes.
Design Space Exploration for a Co-designed Accelerator Supporting Homomorphic Encryption (2015)

Fully Homomorphic Encryption is currently a sound theoretical approach for cloud security, it is currently not practically used due to the tremendous computation requirements of multiplying very large, million-bit, operands. In this paper, we explore the design space of software/hardware (SW/HW) co-designed accelerator relying on integrating fast software multiplication algorithms with a configurable hardware multiplier. The multiplier is based on a modified serial-parallel multiplier design, in which School-Book is a special case. The paper conducts an analytic performance study, exploring key design space parameters as well as comparing with other design approaches in the literature. Based on an actual FPGA implementation, we estimate a power consumption of 10, Watt, and area-time-power of 20.20 billion transistor-sec-Watt, potentially allowing for promising scalability.
Hippocampal Dysgenesis in Mutant Mouse and Schizophrenic Man: Is There a Relationship? (1993)

A rapidly growing body of data points to structural alterations of the temporal lobe in a significant number of schizophrenic patients. At the histological level, these changes are most frequently seen in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and a strong case can be made for attributing them to disturbed neuroembryogenesis. Archicortical components of the temporal lobe are now known to follow an unusually complex course of embryological development, and we suggest that the process may be especially vulnerable to interference. A number of autosomal mutant mice express anomalies of hippocampal development, some of which resemble caricatures of the more subtle alterations in schizophrenic patients. We have suggested that at least some schizophrenias may result from the impact of maternal exposure to influenza virus during the period of neuroblast migration into the hippocampal primordium in the presence of as yet unspecified patterns of genetically transmitted immuno-incompetence. Although this putative interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors in humans probably differs from the factors involved in the mutant mouse, study of the murine model may reveal those mechanisms of embryogenesis that are most likely to be disturbed in the temporal lobe of schizophrenic patients.
Scalable architectures for high speed channel decoding (2002)

At present, channel decoding and soft output channel decoding of convolutional codes are key technologies for advanced communication systems. The speed of any implementation of the corresponding decoding algorithms, the Viterbi algorithm (VA) and the soft output VA (SOVA) is limited by an inherent nonlinear recursion. In contrast this paper deals with scalable architectures for purely feedforward decoding algorithms, the "minimized method" parallelized Viterbi decoding algorithm and the parallel MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) soft output decoding algorithm. A unified treatment is possible since these algorithms and the corresponding dependence graphs (DGs) are very similar. In order to obtain a scalable throughput adapted to a given specification, a hierarchical resource sharing methodology exploiting the inherent DG regularity is proposed and implemented as a VHDL generator.
The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. (1977)

Two different videotaped interviews were staged with the same individual-a college instructor who spoke English with a European accent.In one of the interviews the instructor was warm and friendly, in the other, cold and distant.The subjects who saw the warm instructor rated his appearance, mannerisms, and accent as appealing, whereas those who saw the cold instructor rated these attributes as irritating These results indicate that global evaluations of a person can induce altered evaluations of the person's attributes, even when there is sufficient information to allow for independent assessments of them.Furthermore, the subjects were unaware of this influence of global evaluations on ratings of attributes.In fact, the subjects who saw the cold instructor actually believed that the direction of influence was opposite to the true direction.They reported that their dislike of the instructor had no effect on their ratings of his attributes but that their dislike of his attributes had lowered their global evaluations of him.
Discovery of Potent Parthenolide-Based Antileukemic Agents Enabled by Late-Stage P450-Mediated C—H Functionalization (2013)

The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide has recently attracted considerable attention owing to its promising antitumor properties, in particular in the context of stem-cell cancers including leukemia. Yet, the lack of viable synthetic routes for re-elaborating this complex natural product has represented a fundamental obstacle toward further optimization of its pharmacological properties. Here, we demonstrate how this challenge could be addressed via selective, late-stage sp(3) C-H bond functionalization mediated by P450 catalysts with tailored site-selectivity. Taking advantage of our recently introduced tools for high-throughput P450 fingerprinting and fingerprint-driven P450 reactivity prediction, we evolved P450 variants useful for carrying out the highly regioselective hydroxylation of two aliphatic sites (C9 and C14) in parthenolide carbocyclic backbone. By chemoenzymatic synthesis, a panel of novel C9- and C14-modified parthenolide analogs were generated in order to gain initial structure-activity insights on these previously inaccessible sites of the molecule. Notably, some of these compounds were found to possess significantly improved antileukemic potency against primary acute myeloid leukemia cells, while exhibiting low toxicity against normal mature and progenitor hematopoietic cells. By identifying two 'hot spots' for improving the anticancer properties of parthenolide, this study highlights the potential of P450-mediated C-H functionalization as an enabling, new strategy for the late-stage manipulation of bioactive natural product scaffolds.
Microwave Measurements (2000)

The IET has organised training courses on microwave measurements since 1983, at which experts have lectured on modern developments. The purpose of this third edition of the lecture notes is to bring the latest techniques in microwave measurements to a wider audience. The book includes a survey of the theory of current microwave circuits as well as a description of the techniques for the measurement of power, spectrum, attenaution, circuit parameters, and noise, measurements of antenna characteristics, free fields, modulation and dielectric parameters. The emphasis throughout is on good measurement practice. All the essential theory is given and a previous knowledge of the subject is not assumed. The book will be of interest to those engaged in the design of microwave measurement systems in both research and industry, those providing microwave measurement systems in both research and industry, in measurement services and those involved in teaching microwave measurements in universities.
Involvement of the .alpha. chain in fibrin clot formation. Effect of monoclonal antibodies (1992)

Murine monoclonal antibodies 9C3, 7B1, and 9E9 have been obtained using native human fibrinogen as the antigen. The antibodies reacted with the epitopes in the COOH-terminal domain of the A alpha chain. Fragmentation of the A alpha chain with plasmin, and, as in the case of the 9E9 epitope, with V8 protease, followed by isolation of the smallest reacting peptides, allowed the localization of the epitopes for 9C3, 7B1, and 9E9 to the amino acid sequences of alpha 240-268, alpha 425-440, and alpha 541-574, respectively. All three monoclonal antibodies strongly inhibited the rate of fibrin polymer assembly from monomers, both in the purified system and in the human plasma. The mechanism of this strong inhibition implied a rapid formation of fibrin protofibrils, followed by capping with IgG molecules of protofibrils containing approximately ten monomers. These observations demonstrated that certain regions in the COOH terminus of the alpha chain may play an important role in the assembly of a fibrin clot, presumably being involved in lateral aggregation of protofibrils.
Functional Domain of Bovine Milk Lactoferrin Which Inhibits the Adherence of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Cells to a Salivary Film (2002)

The bovine lactoferrin molecule and relatively long lactoferrin fragments containing residues 473 to 538 strongly inhibited adherence of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads. Each cysteine residue in Lf411 (residues 473 to 538) was replaced by a serine residue, and the mutants Lf411-C481S and Lf411-C532S strongly inhibited S. mutans adherence. These results suggest that the functional domain of lactoferrin that binds to a salivary film lies in residues 473 to 538 and that the region might be concealed by disulfide bond formation between Cys481 and Cys532 in the Lf411 fragment.
4D-Printable Liquid Metal–Liquid Crystal Elastomer Composites (2020)

Soft actuators that undergo programmable shape change in response to a stimulus are enabling components of future soft robots and other soft machines. Strategies to power these actuators often require the incorporation of rigid, electrically conductive materials into the soft actuator, thus limiting the compliance and shape change of the material. In this study, we develop a 4D-printable composite composed of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) matrix with dispersed droplets of eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn). Using deformable EGaIn droplets in place of rigid conductive fillers preserves the compliance and shape-morphing properties of the LCE. The process enables 4D-printed LCE actuators capable of photothermal and electrothermal actuation. At low liquid metal (LM) concentrations (71 wt %), the composite actuator exhibits a photothermal response upon irradiation of near-IR light. Printed actuators with a twisted nematic configuration are capable of bending angles of 150° at 800 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>. At higher LM concentrations (88 wt %), the embedded LM droplets can form percolating networks that conduct electricity and enable electrical Joule heating of the LCE. Actuation strain ranging from 5 to 12% is controlled by the amount of electrical power that is delivered to the composite. We also introduce a method for multimaterial printing of monolithic structures where the LM filler loading is spatially varied. These multifunctional materials exhibit innate responsivity where the actuator behaves as an electrical switch and can report one of two states (on/off). These multiresponsive, 4D-printable composites enable multifunctional, mechanically active structures that can be powered with IR light or low DC voltages.
Reconstruction of interfaces of periodic multilayers from X-ray reflectivity using a free-form approach (2016)

Grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity (GIXRR) is a widely used analysis method for thin films and multilayer structures. However, conventional so-called model-based approaches of structural reconstruction from GIXRR data lack flexibility when dealing with very thin structures (down to the nanometre scale), because a priori assumptions have to be made about the interface composition and structure. This makes it very difficult to extract reliable information about such structures. In this work, a custom free-form approach is presented, which solves this task without the need for a priori assumptions on layer or interface parameters. As a proof of principle, an optical constant profile reconstruction and GIXRR curve matching for simulated data are demonstrated. The developed approach is used to analyse the structures of multilayer LaN/B Bragg reflectors designed for the extreme UV range. The performed analysis allowed the difference in optical constant profiles of these structures produced with different processes to be revealed. The uncertainties of structural reconstruction are also discussed.
Mammalian Mst1 and Mst2 kinases play essential roles in organ size control and tumor suppression (2010)

Control of organ size by cell proliferation and survival is a fundamental developmental process, and its deregulation leads to cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying organ size control remains elusive in vertebrates. In Drosophila, the Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway controls organ size by both restricting cell growth and proliferation and promoting cell death. Here we investigated whether mammals also require the Hpo pathway to control organ size and adult tissue homeostasis. We found that Mst1 and Mst2, the two mouse homologs of the Drosophila Hpo, control the sizes of some, but not all organs, in mice, and Mst1 and Mst2 act as tumor suppressors by restricting cell proliferation and survival. We show that Mst1 and Mst2 play redundant roles, and removal of both resulted in early lethality in mouse embryos. Importantly, tumors developed in the liver with a substantial increase of the stem/progenitor cells by 6 months after removing Mst1 and Mst2 postnatally. We show that Mst1 and Mst2 were required in vivo to control Yap phosphorylation and activity. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by TNFalpha was blocked in the Mst1 and Mst2 double-mutant cells both in vivo and in vitro. As TNFalpha is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine affecting most organs by regulating cell proliferation and cell death, resistance to TNFalpha-induced cell death may also contribute significantly to tumor formation in the absence of Mst1 and Mst2.