gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive random access scan: a simultaneous solution to test power, test data volume and test time (2006)

Traditional testing research for testing VLSI circuits has been confined to the use of serial scan test architecture whose origin lies in keeping the hardware overhead low. However, there has been a paradigm shift in the cost factor - the transistor cost has been dropping exponentially whereas the test cost is starting to increase. We believe that adding marginally more hardware is acceptable provided the test cost can be reduced considerably. This paper takes such a view of testing and rejuvenates the random access scan as a design for testability method that simultaneously addresses three limitations of the traditional serial scan namely, test data volume, test application time, and test power. The novelty of the progressive random access scan approach proposed in this paper lies in developing the test architecture and formulating the test application time and test data volume reduction problems. We provide a traveling salesman formulation of these problems in our test architecture setting. Experimental results show the practicality of our approach as the hardware cost components, consisting of routing and transistor count, increase only marginally compared to the serial scan approach whereas there is a dramatic decrease in test power consumption (nearly a 1000 fold decrease in average test power) as well as the test data volume and the test times are halved.
Silicone‐Organic Resin Hybrid Matrix Composites (2006)

Abstract Summary: Glass fabric reinforced hybrid matrix composites of a toughened silicone resin and a vinyl ester resin were fabricated and their properties investigated. The hybrid composites consisted of multi‐layers of fiber reinforced silicone resins and vinyl ester resins. The toughened silicone resin, a crosslinkable phenylsilsesquioxane resin with high thermal and thermal oxidation resistance but relatively low T g , was chosen to be the outer layers. The vinyl ester resin, with better strength, toughness and a much higher T g than the toughened silicone resin, was used as the inner layers. A co‐cure process proved to establish a strong interface between the two in a hybrid composite. The hybrid composites had better flammability properties and much lower short term moisture absorption than the vinyl ester composites. The strength and modulus retention of the hybrid composites at elevated temperatures was higher than the composites using any single resin as the matrix. For example, when tested at 150 °C the flexural modulus and strength values of a twelve layer composite, with eight inner vinyl ester resin layers and four silicone outer layers, were almost an order of magnitude higher than the composite using the silicone resin alone, and were significantly higher than the one using vinyl ester resin alone. The room temperature short beam shear strength of the hybrid composites was also higher. DMA revealed that the inter‐diffusion of reactive components between the two resins was probably responsible for this synergistic effect, resulting in an α transition temperature of 182 °C for the hybrid composite, higher than that of either the silicone resin (85 °C) or the vinyl ester resin (162 °C). magnified image
Proteolytic Cleavage of the<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Circumsporozoite Protein Is a Target of Protective Antibodies (2015)

Studies in animals and human volunteers demonstrate that antibodies against the repeat-region of the Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) abrogate sporozoite infection. However, the realization that the N- and C- terminal regions flanking the repeats play essential roles in parasite infectivity raised the possibility that they could be targeted by protective antibodies. We characterized a monoclonal antibody (mAb5D5) specific for the N-terminus of the P. falciparum CSP, which inhibits the proteolytic cleavage of the CSP, a key requirement for parasite infection of hepatocytes. Adoptive transfer of mAb5D5 strongly inhibits the in vivo infection of sporozoites expressing the N-terminus of P. falciparum CSP, and this protection is greatly enhanced when combined with antirepeat antibodies. Our results show that antibodies interfering with molecular processes required for parasite infectivity can exert a strong in vivo protective activity and indicate that pre-erythrocytic vaccines against Plasmodium should include the CSP N-terminal region.
3D Porous Nickel Anode for Low Temperature Thin Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications (2017)

Abstract A simple fabrication process for a 3D porous nickel anode for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. The 3D porous nickel anode is fabricated using a metal/proppant mixing method followed by pressing and heat treatment. The anode bulk possesses a high porosity which is required for efficient delivery of fuel to the cell. Following fabrication, the anode's surface is processed by means of mechanical, chemical, and ion etching to minimize surface roughness and reduce the surface pore size allowing for the deposition of a high quality, pore‐free, thin electrolyte. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia is used for the thin film electrolyte layer followed by deposition of a thin film La 0 . 6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− d cathode layer to complete the thin film SOFC. The fabricated cell performs with a very stable output power of 130 mW cm −2 at temperatures of the order of 450 °C. This anode is not only easy to shape, weld, and recycle but is also very economic.
Successful Resolution of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection using Freeze-Dried, Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota; Pragmatic Cohort Study (2017)

A single administration of encapsulated, freeze-dried fecal microbiota from a healthy donor was highly successful in treating antibiotic-refractory R-CDI syndrome.
Multiple perspective interactive video (2002)

We present our approach to Multiple Perspective Interactive (MPI) video. In MPI video, a viewer could view an event from multiple perspectives, even based on the contents of the events. Using strategically located multiple cameras a set of image sequences is obtained and used to build a 3-dimensional model of the important events in a scene. Considering the request of a user, the system decides the best camera at every time instant and edits image sequences from these camera, much like an editor in standard live sport events, to provide a user the video sequence of the episode from the user's desired perspective. Our system features automatic camera selection and interaction using three-dimensional cursors. We present results of a prototype which is a part of our early efforts to establish a framework of MPI video. Our prototype is a football video retrieval system. We present our results to concretely show the concept of the interactive video.
Featured Article Validating Alzheimer's disease micro RNAs using next-generation sequencing (2016)

Introduction: Molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can support detection and improved care for patients, but novel candidates require verification. We previously reported a 12microRNA(miRNA)blood-basedsignatureusingnext-generationsequencing(NGS)of54ADcases and 22 controls. Methods: We performed validation of 49 AD cases and 55 controls using NGS and also included 20 mild cognitive impairment and 90 multiple sclerosis samples to identify nonspecific markers. Thus, 103 ADcases, 77unaffected controls, and 110diseased controls were sequenced. Although the initial cohortcamepredominantlyfromtheUnitedStates,thevalidationsampleswerecollectedinGermany. Results: Five hundred eighty miRNAs were detected in the blood. In the initial cohort, we observed 203, in the validation cohort, 146 dysregulated miRNAs at a significance level of 0.05. With 68 miRNAs, the overlap was significant (P 5 .0003). Likewise, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values of the miRNAs correlated (correlation of 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.96; P ,10 216 ).
Virus discovery by deep sequencing and assembly of virus-derived small silencing RNAs (2010)

In response to infection, invertebrates process replicating viral RNA genomes into siRNAs of discrete sizes to guide virus clearance by RNA interference. Here, we show that viral siRNAs sequenced from fruit fly, mosquito, and nematode cells were all overlapping in sequence, suggesting a possibility of using siRNAs for viral genome assembly and virus discovery. To test this idea, we examined contigs assembled from published small RNA libraries and discovered five previously undescribed viruses from cultured Drosophila cells and adult mosquitoes, including three with a positive-strand RNA genome and two with a dsRNA genome. Notably, four of the identified viruses exhibited only low sequence similarities to known viruses, such that none could be assigned into an existing virus genus. We also report detection of virus-derived PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Drosophila melanogaster that have not been previously described in any other host species and demonstrate viral genome assembly from viral piRNAs in the absence of viral siRNAs. Thus, this study provides a powerful culture-independent approach for virus discovery in invertebrates by assembling viral genomes directly from host immune response products without prior virus enrichment or amplification. We propose that invertebrate viruses discovered by this approach may include previously undescribed human and vertebrate viral pathogens that are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
Syntheses of 10‐Oxo‐10<i>H</i>‐pyrido[1,2‐<i>a</i>]thieno[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and 10‐Oxo‐10<i>H</i>‐pyrido[1,2‐<i>a</i>]thieno[3,2‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines from methyl tetrahydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐thiophenecarboxylate and methyl tetrahydro‐3‐oxo‐2‐thiophenecarboxylate, respectively (1982)

Abstract A general synthesis of 10‐Oxo‐10 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]thieno[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidines and 10‐Oxo‐10 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]‐thieno[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidines is described. Methyl tetrahydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐thiophenecarboxylate ( 13 ) was condensed with 6‐aminonicotinic acid ( 18 ) to give 3,10‐dihydro‐10‐oxo‐1 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]thieno[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine‐7‐carboxylic acid ( 19 ). Treatment of 19 successively with chlorotrimethylsilane, N ‐chlorosuccinimide and water gave 10‐oxo‐10 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]thieno[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine‐7‐carboxylic acid ( 17 ). Methyl tetrahydro‐3‐oxo‐2‐thiophenecarboxylate ( 21 ) was converted to 10‐oxo‐10 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]thieno[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidine‐7‐carboxylic acid ( 25 ) by an analogous route.
RF sputtering for controlling dihydride and monohydride bond densities in amorphous silicon hydride (1980)

A process is described for controlling the dihydride and monohydride bond densities in hydrogenated amorphous silicone produced by reactive rf sputtering of an amorphous silicon target. There is provided a chamber with an amorphous silicon target and a substrate therein with the substrate and the target positioned such that when rf power is applied to the target the substrate is in contact with the sputtering plasma produced thereby. Hydrogen and argon are fed to the chamber and the pressure is reduced in the chamber to a value sufficient to maintain a sputtering plasma therein, and then rf power is applied to the silicon target to provide a power density in the range of from about 7 watts per square inch to about 22 watts per square inch to sputter an amorphous solicone hydride onto the substrate, the dihydride bond density decreasing with an increase in the rf power density. Substantially pure monohydride films may be produced.
Requirements-based Automated Test Generation for Safety Critical Software (2019)

With the growing size and complexity of safety critical software in industrial domains such as aviation, automotive and medical devices, developing tests for such software to achieve corresponding standards such as DO-178C and ISO-26262 has become a challenge. Existing test generation tools are either not generating a complete set of tests to satisfy the standards or requires considerable human interventions. General Electric developed a toolchain called ASSERT™ (Analysis of Semantic Specifications and Efficient generation of Requirements based Tests) to address the challenges and limitations of existing tools by formally capturing requirements and automatically generating a complete set of requirements-based tests to satisfy certain industry standards. This paper describes our approach to automatically generate test objectives, test cases, and test procedures from requirements to satisfy DO-178C. We demonstrate ASSERT™'s requirements-based automated test generation (ATG) tool on an avionics system.
Loss of heterozygosity at 13q13 and 14q32 predicts <i>BRCA2</i> inactivation in luminal breast carcinomas (2013)

BRCA2 is the major high-penetrance predisposition gene for luminal (estrogen receptor [ER] positive) breast cancers. However, many BRCA2 mutant carriers lack family history of breast/ovarian cancers and do not benefit from genetic testing. Specific genomic features associated with BRCA2 inactivation in tumors could help identify patients for whom a genetic test for BRCA2 may be proposed. A series of ER-positive invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) including 30 carriers of BRCA2 mutations and 215 control cases was studied by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Cases and controls were stratified by grade and HER2 status. Independently, 7 BRCA2 and 51 control cases were used for validation. Absolute copy number and Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles were obtained from SNP arrays by the genome alteration print (GAP) method. BRCA2 tumors were observed to display a discriminatively greater number of chromosomal breaks calculated after filtering out and smoothing <3 Mb variations. This argues for a BRCA2-associated genomic instability responsible for long-segment aberrations. Co-occurrence of two genomic features-LOH of 13q13 and 14q32-was found to predict BRCA2 status with 90% of sensitivity and 87% of specificity in discovery series of high-grade HER2-negative IDCs and 100% of sensitivity and 88% of specificity in an independent series of 58 IDCs. Estimated positive predictive value was 17.2% (confidence interval: 6.7-33.5) in the whole series. In conclusion, the simplified BRCA2 classifier based on the co-occurrence of LOH at 13q13 and 14q32 could provide an indication to test for BRCA2 mutation in patients with ER-positive IDC.
Ultra-wideband impulse radio systems with multiple pulse types (2006)

In an ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) system, a number of pulses, each transmitted in an interval called a "frame," is employed to represent one information symbol. Conventionally, a single type of UWB pulse is used in all frames of all users. In this paper, IR systems with multiple types of UWB pulses are considered, where different types of pulses can be used in different frames by different users. Both stored-reference (SR) and transmitted-reference (TR) systems are considered. First, the spectral properties of a multipulse IR system with polarity randomization is investigated. It is shown that the average power spectral density is the average of the spectral contents of different pulse shapes. Then, approximate closed-form expressions for the bit-error probability of a multipulse SR-IR system are derived for Rake receivers in asynchronous multiuser environments. The effects of both interframe interference (IFI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) are analyzed. The theoretical and simulation results indicate that SR-IR systems that are more robust against IFI and MAI than a "conventional" SR-IR system can be designed with multiple types of ultra-wideband pulses. Finally, extensions to multipulse TR-IR systems are briefly described.
Diffractive catheter for ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain volumetric OCT imaging (2014)

We present a novel design for an endoscopic imaging catheter utilizing diffractive optics for ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at 800 nm. A diffractive microlens was developed to alleviate severe chromatic aberration when a broadband light source was employed at the 800 nm wavelength range. Combined with a home-built fiber rotary joint and a broadband Ti:sapphire laser, the imaging catheter achieved a lateral resolution of 6.2 μm and an axial resolution of 3.0 μm in air. The performance of the catheter was demonstrated by three-dimensional full-circumferential endoscopic OCT imaging of guinea pig esophagus in vivo.
Randomized assessment of imatinib in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis (2016)

This phase II study showed that imatinib is safe and tolerable and may reduce neurological disability in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis after ischaemic stroke. A confirmatory randomized trial is currently underway.
Photodynamic herbicides. Recent developments and molecular basis of selectivity (1988)

Abstract In 1984, we described the development of a new concept in the design of photodynamic herbicides and demonstrated the phenomenology of the process by using a harmless amino acid, δ‐aminoevulinic acid (see Reference 1 of this article). δ‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the precursor of all tetrapyrroles in plant and animal cells. By spraying plants with ALA, the latter is converted to tetrapyrroles which accumulate in the plant tissues. In light, the accumulated tetrapyrroles kill some plant species while other plant species are left unharmed. It has recently become apparent that susceptible plant species are divinyl or monovinyl dicotyledonous plants, while monovinyl mono‐cotyledonous plants are less susceptible. At night, monovinyl plant species accumulate mainly monovinyl tetrapyrroles, while divinyl plants accumulate mainly divinyl tetrapyrroles (see Reference 43 of this article). When divinyl plant species are induced to accumulate large amounts of divinyl tetrapyrroles or lesser amounts of monovinyl tetrapyrroles, they are killed by the photodynamic action of the tetrapyrroles in light. Monovinyl plant species appear to evade destruction by conversion of the divinyl tetrapyrroles to monovinyl tetrapyrroles. The latter are then readily converted to chlorophyll in light. Three groups of chemicals which can act in concert with ALA have now been identified, namely: (I) enhancers of ALA conversion to tetrapyrroles, (2) inducers of ALA formation by plant tissues, and (3) inhibitors of divinyl tetrapyrrole conversion to monovinyl tetrapyrroles. By combining ALA with a member(s) of one or more of the foregoing groups of chemicals, it has become possible to design herbicidal formulations which are effective against a wide range of field conditions.
Incipient Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Turbine Engines Using Hidden Markov Models (2003)

Incipient fault detection and diagnosis in turbine engines is key to effective maintenance and improved availability of systems dependent on these engines. In this paper, we present a novel method for incipient fault detection and diagnosis using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). In particular, we focus on engine faults that are manifest in transient operating conditions such as engine startup and acceleration. HMMs are stochastic signal models that are effective in modeling transient signals. They are developed with engine data collected under nominal operating conditions. Engine data representing different fault conditions are used to develop the fault HMMs; a separate model is developed for each of the faults. Once the nominal and fault HMMs are developed, new engine data collected from the engine are evaluated against the HMMs and a determination is made whether a fault is indicated. Here, we demonstrate our HMM-based fault detection and diagnosis approach on engine speed profiles taken from a real engine. Further, the effectiveness of the HMM-based approach is compared with a neural-network-based approach and a method based on using principal component analysis in conjunction with a neural network approach.
Molecular Marker Analysis of Soybean Plant Introductions with Resistance to<i>Phytophthora sojae</i> (2007)

ABSTRACT Molecular analysis of sources of resistance to plant pathogens should expedite and confirm novel gene discovery and consequently the development of disease resistant cultivars. Recently, soybean plant introductions (PIs) were identified that contain putative novel Rps genes for resistance to Phytophthora sojae. The number of resistance genes that confer resistance to P. sojae isolates OH17 (1b,1d,2,3a,3b,3c,4,5,6,7) and OH25 (1a,1b,1c,1k,7) was then determined in several of the PIs. The objective of this study was to determine if the Rps genes present in these PIs were associated with eight described Rps loci that have been mapped on soybean molecular linkage groups F, G, J, and N. Nine F(2:3) soybean populations were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to previously mapped Rps loci. The nine PI populations all had SSR markers associated (P < 0.01) with resistance to P. sojae isolate OH17 in the Rps1 region. Rps1c is a likely candidate in eight PIs but novel genes may also be possible, while novel genes may confer resistance in one PI to P. sojae isolate OHI7. Two or more Rps genes, including some that are potentially novel, confer resistance to P. sojae isolate OH25 in eight of the populations. However, based on the response to these two isolates, virulence already exists for at least some of the novel genes identified in this study.
A GPU-accelerated toolbox for the solutions of systems of linear equations (2009)

The modern graphics processing unit (GPU) found in many off-the shelf personal computers is a very high
performance computing engine that often goes unutilized. The tremendous computing power coupled with
reasonable pricing has made the GPU a topic of interest in recent research. An application for such power would be
the solution to large systems of linear equations. Two popular solution domains are direct solution, via the LU
decomposition, and iterative solution, via a solver such as the Generalized Method of Residuals (GMRES). Our
research focuses on the acceleration of such processes, utilizing the latest in GPU technologies. We show
performance that exceeds that of a standard computer by an order of magnitude, thus significantly reducing the run
time of the numerous applications that depend on the solution of a set of linear equations.
Joint optimization for broadcast service rendering and call connectivity for dual stack mobile devices (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) primarily targets broadcasting mobile television contents and video streaming services. Consumers worldwide are rapidly using Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) device that utilizes a single common Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) for su
Large Maximal Cliques Enumeration in Large Sparse Graphs (2009)

Identifying communities in social networks is a problem of great interest. One popular type of community is where every member of the community knows all others, which can be viewed as a clique in the graph representing the social network. In several real life situations, finding small cliques may not be interesting as they are large in number and low in information content. Hence, in this paper, we propose a variant of maximal clique enumeration problem where we try to enumerate only large maximal cliques. We describe a novel preprocessing technique to reduce the graph size before enumerating the large maximal cliques. This is of great practical interest since enumerating maximal cliques is a computationally hard problem and the execution time increases rapidly with the input size. We also present a new maximal clique enumeration algorithm SELMaC2, which exploits the constraint on minimum size of the desired maximal cliques. We present experimental results on several real life social networks. Our results show that the preprocessing methods achieve significant reduction in the graph size. Also our algorithm has fewer intermediate steps and is faster than the competing algorithms adapted from the literature by incorporating the minimum size criterion. Our results also show the scalability of our approach. 1