gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Dithioester-Based RAFT Agents Derived from N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTIonic Dithioester-Based RAFT Agents Derived from N-Heterocyclic CarbenesDaniel J. Coady, Brent C. Norris, Vincent M. Lynch, and Christopher W. Bielawski*View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 11, 3775–3778Publication Date (Web):May 6, 2008Publication History Received31 January 2008Revised4 April 2008Published online6 May 2008Published inissue 1 June 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma800241ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma800241erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views730Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Monomers,Polymers,Radical polymerization,RAFT polymerization,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Speech lab in a box: a Mandarin speech toolbox to jumpstart speech related research (2001)

The necessity of gathering data has been an impediment for researchers and students who are interested in getting started in the fields related to speech recognition. We are proposing a new approach of distributing data that is designed to quickly help researchers and students achieve a set of baseline results to build upon. Furthermore, by leveraging publicly available programs, all researchers will be able to exactly reproduce results that are described in this paper. We also aim to facilitate comparison of recognition results in the field of Mandarin speech recognition by including a testing set in the toolbox. We describe a toolbox that includes Mandarin speech data from 125 speakers, suitable language model, scripts and data files required for recreating a set of baseline experiments, and a copy of Microsoft SAPI 5.0 SDK that can help professors and students who wish to jumpstart research programs in speech technologies. By lowering the barrier of entry to the field, we hope to encourage more participation in the study of Mandarin speech recognition.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus gene amplification by heparin (1991)

Gene amplification of virus-specific sequences is widely used as a method to detect or confirm human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study we used an enzyme-linked affinity assay to quantify polymerase chain reaction products from whole blood, plasma, and separated mononuclear cells collected in the presence of four common anticoagulants: acid citrate dextrose, sodium EDTA, potassium oxalate, and sodium heparin. Attenuation of the product signal was observed after amplification of nucleic acid extraction from whole blood, washed mononuclear cells, and plasma from specimens collected in sodium heparin. These inhibitory effects on gene amplification could be reversed with heparinase. The addition of as little as 0.05 U of heparin completely inhibited amplification of an HLA-DQa sequence from placental DNA. We conclude that heparin can cause attenuation or inhibition of gene amplification. Acid citrate dextrose and EDTA, which lack inhibitory activity, are the most appropriate anticoagulants for clinical blood samples when polymerase chain reaction amplification is anticipated.
Persistent Conjugated Backbone and Disordered Lamellar Packing Impart Polymers with Efficient n‐Doping and High Conductivities (2020)

Solution-processable highly conductive polymers are of great interest in emerging electronic applications. For p-doped polymers, conductivities as high a nearly 10<sup>5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> have been reported. In the case of n-doped polymers, they often fall well short of the high values noted above, which might be achievable, if much higher charge-carrier mobilities determined could be realized in combination with high charge-carrier densities. This is in part due to inefficient doping and dopant ions disturbing the ordering of polymers, limiting efficient charge transport and ultimately the achievable conductivities. Here, n-doped polymers that achieve a high conductivity of more than 90 S cm<sup>-1</sup> by a simple solution-based co-deposition method are reported. Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to, and excellent miscibility with, commonly used n-dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n-doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance.
Human Kidney is a Target for Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection (2020)

Summary BACKGROUND The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) since December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has become an emergency of major international concern. Apart from the respiratory system, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can also directly infect other tissues such as the kidney or induce acute renal failure. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) along with other clinical parameters from 85 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a hospital in Wuhan from January 17, 2020 to March 3, 2020. Kidney tissues from six patients with postmortem examinations were analyzed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and in situ expression of viral nucleocaspid protein (NP) antigen, immune cell markers (CD8, CD68 and CD56) and the complement C5b-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the viral particles in kidneys were also investigated by transmission electronic microscope (EM). RESULTS 27.06% (23/85) patients exhibited acute renal failure (ARF). The eldery patients and cases with comorbidities such as hypertension and heart failure more easily developed ARF (65.22% vs 24.19%, p < 0.001; 69.57% vs 11.29%, p < 0.001, respectively). H&E staining demonstrated kidney tissues from postmortems have severe acute tubular necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemistry showed that SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen was accumulated in kidney tubules. EM observation also demonstrated that viruses-like particles are visible in the kidneys. Viral infection not only induces CD68 + macrophages infiltrated into tubulointerstitium, but also enhances complement C5b-9 deposition on tubules. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 induces ARF in COVID-19 patients. Viruses directly infect human kidney tubules to induce acute tubular damage. The viruses not only have direct cytotoxicity, but also initiate CD68 + macrophage together with complement C5b-9 deposition to mediate tubular pathogenesis.
Influence of Selected Cultural Factors and Postharvest Storage on Ergothioneine Content of Common Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach (Agaricomycetideae) (2007)

L-ergothioneine (ERGO) is a biologically active antioxidant produced by certain fungal species and mycobacterium. The precursors to the synthesis of ERGO are the amino acids histidine, cysteine, and methionine. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of selected cultural and postharvest practices on the ERGO content present in button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. In the first experiment, the effect of supplements added to the compost was studied. Mushrooms were grown in tubs containing 22.7 kg of compost supplemented with protein-rich corn gluten at 2% and 4% of the dry weight of compost and amino acids (methionine [5 mM], cysteine [5 mM], histidine [10 mM]), and these mushrooms were compared to an untreated control. Further experiments were conducted with compost supplemented with the same amino acid(s) individually and in combination at various levels. A third experiment was conducted using various levels of histidine added to deep bags of compost. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed for quantification of ERGO, and the results indicated that protein supplement treatments had no significant effect on the amount of ERGO produced by the mushrooms, but the addition of histidine to compost in deep bags significantly increased the amount of ERGO produced. In addition, ERGO content increased significantly with each flush of the crop cycle. Further experimentation demonstrated that the extent of mycelium growth in compost significantly increased the amount of ERGO produced. The results further indicated that ERGO could be increased by up to 1.3 mg/g dry weight in later flushes by several stress factors placed on the mycelia, such as dry compost, indicating that ERGO may be a stress factor. A postharvest shelf-life study demonstrated that ERGO significantly decreased during postharvest storage for up to 6 days at 12°C.
Modeling Patients' Acceptance of Provider-delivered E-health (2004)

Information technology acceptance models provide a means to understand which aspects of e-health are valued by patients and how this may affect future use. In addition, antecedents to the models can be used to predict e-health acceptance in advance of system development.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (2009)

How should we define ‘health’ and ‘disease’? There are three main positions in the literature. Naturalists desire value-free definitions based on scientific theories. Normativists believe that our uses of ‘health’ and ‘disease’ reflect value judgments. Hybrid theorists offer definitions containing both normativist and naturalist elements. This paper discusses the problems with these views and offers an alternative approach to the debate over ‘health’ and ‘disease’. Instead of trying to find the correct definitions of ‘health’ and ‘disease’ we should explicitly talk about the considerations that are central in medical discussions, namely state descriptions (descriptions of physiological or psychological states) and normative claims (claims about what states we value or disvalue). This distinction avoids the problems facing the major approaches to defining ‘health’ and ‘disease’, and it more clearly captures what matters in medical discussions.
Le polymorphisme génétique des principales lactoprotéines bovines. Relations avec la quantité, la composition et les aptitudes fromagères du lait (1988)

Quatre des six protéines principales du lait de vache (caséines αS1, βet κ et β-lactoglobuline) présentent dans les populations au moins deux variants génétiques identifiables par électrophorèse. L’inventaire de ce polymorphisme a été effectué dans 21 races bovines françaises, où les variants les plus fréquents sont αS1 -Cn B et C pour la caséine αS1 , (β-Cn A1 , A2 et B pour la caséine β, κ-Cn A et B pour la caséine κ, et β-Lg A et B pour la β-lactoglobuline. Les particularités biochimiques des principaux variants sont connues. Les gènes de structure des caséines αS1, αS2, β et κ sont très étroitement liés, de sorte que l’unité génétique de transmission est l’haplotype, combinaison comprenant un allèle de chacun des quatre locus. Le locus de la β-lactoglobuline a un effet majeur sur le taux de cette protéine dans le lait (β-Lg A > β-Lg B), qui se répercute sur le taux d’ensemble des protéines du lactosérum. Ces différences étant compensées par des différences en sens inverse du taux de caséine totale, l’allèle β-Lg B a un effet favorable sur ce taux de caséine et sur l’indice de caséine du lait (+ 2,5 à 3 %). Par rapport au variant κ-Cn A, le variant κ-Cn B confère au lait de meilleures aptitudes fromagères : temps de coagulation et temps de raffermissement du caillé plus courts, caillé mieux réticulé et plus ferme, et, pour certains types de fromages, rendement de fabrication supérieur (4 à 8 % entre les laits des deux homozygotes). Les effets du variant β-Cn B vont dans le même sens que ceux du variant κ-Cn B. L’intérêt et les conditions d’une prise en compte de ce polymorphisme dans la sélection laitière restent à évaluer.
Cloning of Factors Related to HIV-inducible LBP Proteins That Regulate Steroidogenic Factor-1-independent Human Placental Transcription of the Cholesterol Side-chain Cleavage Enzyme, P450scc (2000)

The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, cytochrome P450scc, initiates the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones. Adrenal and gonadal strategies for P450scc gene transcription are essentially identical and depend on the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1, but the placental strategy for transcription of P450scc employs cis-acting elements different from those used in the adrenal strategy and is independent of steroidogenic factor-1. Because placental expression of P450scc is required for human pregnancy, we sought factors that bind to the -155/-131 region of the human P450scc promoter, which participates in its placental but not adrenal or gonadal transcription. A yeast one-hybrid screen of 2.4 x 10(6) cDNA clones from human placental JEG-3 cells yielded two unique clones; one is the previously described transcription factor LBP-1b, which is induced by HIV, type I infection of lymphocytes, and the other is a new factor, termed LBP-9, that shares 83% amino acid sequence identity with LBP-1b. When expressed in transfected yeast, both factors bound specifically to the -155/-131 DNA; antisera to LBP proteins supershifted the LBP-9.DNA complex and inhibited formation of the LBP-1b.DNA complex. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected LBP-1b in human placental JEG-3, adrenal NCI-H295A, liver HepG2, cervical HeLa, and monkey kidney COS-1 cells, but LBP-9 was detected only in JEG-3 cells. When the -155/-131 fragment was linked to a minimal promoter, co-expression of LBP-1b increased transcription 21-fold in a dose-dependent fashion, but addition of LBP-9 suppressed the stimulatory effect of LBP-1b. The roles of LBP transcription factors in normal human physiology have been unclear. Their modulation of placental but not adrenal P450scc transcription underscores the distinctiveness of placental strategies for steroidogenic enzyme gene transcription.
Electrochemistry: An Important Tool To Study and Create New Sol–Gel-Derived Materials (2007)

Electrochemical methods can be used to study the structure and properties of sol-gel-derived materials. In addition, they can be used to create new materials and nanostructures. In this Account, these methods and the resulting information and materials obtained from them are described.
Spectroscopic Probing of Mixed-Mode Adsorption of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> to Silica (1996)

Evanescent wave excitation of fluorescence was used to study the adsorption of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) from aqueous solution to three types of surfaces: bare silica, a dimethylethylsiloxane (C(2)) monolayer on silica, and a dimethyloctadecylsiloxane (C(18)) monolayer on silica. The solution pH was varied to investigate the nonpolar and electrostatic contributions to the free energy of adsorption for each surface. The pH dependence of the adsorption showed that the pK(a) is the same for each of the three surfaces, consistent with earlier conclusions that the acidity of derivatized silica surfaces is due to areas of exposed silica. The free energies of adsorption for the bare silica surface, -26.2(±0.2) kJ/mol at pH 8, was attributed to electrostatic interactions alone. The free energy of adsorption for the C(2) and C(18) surfaces, -28.5(±0.1) and -31.5(±0.1) kJ/mol, respectively, were found to have both electrostatic and nonpolar contributions, with the latter being larger by 50% for the C(2) surface and 100% for the C(18) surface. Using Gouy-Chapman theory, the surface charge densities on each of the three surfaces, calculated from the electrostatic interaction energy of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), were found to be within the range of literature values: 8.8(±0.1) × 10(-)(7) mol/m(2) for bare silica and 1.7(±0.1) × 10(-)(7) mol/m(2) for both the C(18) and C(2) surfaces. The results demonstrate that a cationic dye can be used to probe the silanol activity of chemically modified silica surfaces. The results support the picture that these chemically modified silica surfaces are acidic due to molecular-scale areas of contact between the bare silica substrate and the aqueous phase.
Salivary Protein Polymorphisms in Caries-resistant Adults (1982)

Several salivary proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism, and this study examined the distributions of the proline-rich (Pr), parotid acidic (Pa), and double-band (Db) salivary protein phenotypes in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults, and in first-degree relatives of the caries-resistant patients. Although the familial nature of caries resistance was demonstrated, no differences in phenotype distributions were observed.
An immobilized α‐galactosidase continuous flow reactor (1974)

Abstract An α‐galactosidase which will hydrolyze the oligosaccharides melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose has been immobilized on nylon microfibrils suitable for use in large flow‐through reactors. This catalyst system is stable for many months, both under use and storage conditions. The immobilized enzyme behaves similarly to the enzyme in solution, characteristically exhibiting both product and substrate inhibition. The catalyst is prepared in situ and a large, 8‐liter reactor has been made. The catalyst has been used to reduce the raffinose concentration in beet sugar molasses.
Helicon waves and efficient plasma production (1991)

Helicon waves generated by radio-frequency (rf) waves are experimentally demonstrated to have the characteristics of Landau damping, as predicted theoretically, and fully ionized plasmas are realized by this efficient coupling of rf powers to plasmas. Excited waves are identified as a helicon wave by measuring wavelengths in the plasma along the magnetic field and comparing with the dispersion relation. Good agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results.
<scp>SNJ</scp>‐1945, a calpain inhibitor, protects <scp>SH</scp>‐<scp>SY</scp>5Y cells against <scp>MPP</scp><sup>+</sup> and rotenone (2013)

Complex pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease involves multiple CNS cell types. Degeneration in spinal cord neurons alongside brain has been shown to be involved in Parkinson's disease and evidenced in experimental parkinsonism. However, the mechanisms of these degenerative pathways are not well understood. To unravel these mechanisms SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were differentiated into dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes, respectively, and used as cell culture model following exposure to two parkinsonian neurotoxicants MPP(+) and rotenone. SNJ-1945, a cell-permeable calpain inhibitor was tested for its neuroprotective efficacy. MPP(+) and rotenone dose-dependently elevated the levels of intracellular free Ca(2+) and induced a concomitant rise in the levels of active calpain. SNJ-1945 pre-treatment significantly protected cell viability and preserved cellular morphology following MPP(+) and rotenone exposure. The neurotoxicants elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species more profoundly in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated into dopaminergic phenotype, and this effect could be attenuated with SNJ-1945 pre-treatment. In contrast, significant levels of inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2 and cleaved p10 fragment of caspase-1) were up-regulated in the cholinergic phenotype, which could be dose-dependently attenuated by the calpain inhibitor. Overall, SNJ-1945 was efficacious against MPP(+) or rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species generation, inflammatory mediators, and proteolysis. A post-treatment regimen of SNJ-1945 was also examined in cells and partial protection was attained with calpain inhibitor administration 1-3 h after exposure to MPP(+) or rotenone. Taken together, these results indicate that calpain inhibition is a valid target for protection against parkinsonian neurotoxicants, and SNJ-1945 is an efficacious calpain inhibitor in this context. SH-SY5Y cells, differentiated as dopaminergic (TH positive) and cholinergic (ChAT positive), were used as in vitro models for Parkinson's disease. MPP+ and rotenone induced up-regulation of calpain, expression, and activity as a common mechanism of neurodegeneration. SNJ-1945, a novel calpain inhibitor, protected both the cell phenotypes against MPP+ and rotenone.
Laser-fiber coupling by means of a silicon micro-optical bench and a self-aligned soldering process (1995)

The alignment of laser diodes to monomode fibers has to meet extremely close tolerances for a low coupling loss. Typically < 0.5 micrometers in lateral and vertical direction and less than two degrees in angle deviation are allowed for a coupling loss below 2 dB. Presently such close tolerances can only be met by gluing or soldering both components on separate base plates and combining them via piezoactivated alignment monitoring the output of the circuit and then gluing them using UV-hardening epoxies. Such a procedure is not very economical and not useful for mass applications. This paper presents the principle and realization of a silicon micro-optical bench for laser-fiber-coupling, which avoids the above mentioned disadvantages. The micro-optical bench is realized using well controlled plasma etching processes to transfer the guiding patterns for the laser and the fiber into the silicon substrate, keeping geometry tolerances below +/- 0.5 micrometers in lateral and vertical direction. Mounting the laser diode by means of a self-aligned soldering process, an additional contribution to the precise alignment of the laser is further improved.
MALS head for optical recording (1983)

A small light optical head suitable for quick random access and fast data rate is required to widen the application of optical information storage equipment. In the optical head, it is important to assemble compactly a laser diode (LD), optical devices, and mechanical components, which are necessary to perform focusing, radial track-following, and beam accessing.
Effects of refuges on the evolution of resistance to transgenic corn by the western corn rootworm, <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> <scp>LeConte</scp> (2015)

In this study, non-Bt refuges delayed resistance to Bt corn by D. v. virgifera in some cases but not others. Combining the refuge strategy with pyramids of multiple Bt toxins and applying other pest management strategies will likely be necessary to delay resistance of D. v. virgifera to Bt corn.
Structure−Activity Study of the ORL1 Antagonist Ac-Arg-<scp>d</scp>-Cha-Qaa-<scp>d</scp>-Arg-<scp>d</scp>-<i>p-</i>ClPhe-NH<sub>2</sub> (2004)

The structure-activity requirements of the ORL1 antagonist Ac-Arg-D-Cha-Qaa-D-Arg-D-p-ClPhe-NH(2) 4 were investigated by varying the position, structure, and charge of the Arg residues. Attempts to abridge the peptide by removal of the Arg, D-Cha, and D-p-ClPhe residues abolished affinity for the ORL1 receptor, whereas deletion of the acetamido N-terminus maintained receptor affinity and selectivity. This series of analogues has provided an improved potent and selective ORL1 receptor antagonist, Ac-Cit-D-Cha-Qaa-D-Arg-D-p-ClPhe-NH(2).