gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACCUMULATION OF β‐CAROTENE IN HALOTOLERANT ALGE: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β‐CAROTENE‐RICH GLOBULES FROM <i>DUNALIELLA BARDAWIL</i> (CHLOROPHYCEAE)<sup>1</sup> (1982)

ABSTRACT Dunaliella bardawil Ben‐Amotz & Avron, but not most other Dunaliella species, has a unique property of being able to accumulate, in addition to glycerol, large amounts of β‐carotene when cultivated under appropriate conditions. These include high light intensity, a high sodium chloride concentration, nitrate deficiency and extreme temperatures. Under conditions of maximal carotene accumulation D. bardawil contains at least 8% of its dry weight as β‐carotene while D. salina grown under similar conditions contains only about 0.3%. Electron micrographs of D. bardawil grown under conditions of high β‐carotene accumulation show many β‐carotene containing globules located in the interthylakoid spaces of the chloroplast. The same algae grown under conditions where β‐carotene does not accumulate, contain few to no β‐carotene globules. The β‐carotene‐rich globules were released from the algae into an aqueous medium by a two‐stage osmotic shock technique and further purified by centrifugal ion on 10% sucrose. The isolated purified globules were shown by electron microscopy to be free of significant contamination and composed of membrane‐free osmiophilic droplets with an average diameter of 150 nm. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of a total pigment extract of the cells revealed the presence of β‐carotene as the major pigment, together with chlorophylls a and b , α‐carotene and the xanthophylls lutein, neoxauthin and zeaxanthin. β‐Carotene accounted for essentially all the pigment in the purified globules. Analysis of the algal and globule β‐carotene fractions by HPLC showed that the β‐carotene was composed of approximately equal amounts of all‐trans β‐carotene and of its 9‐cis isomer. Intact D. bardawil cells contained on a dry weight basis about 30% glycerol, 30% protein, 18% lipid, 11% carbohydrate, 9%β‐carotene and 1% chlorophyll. The β‐carotene globules were composed of practically only neutral lipids, more than half of which was β‐carotene. It is suggested that the β‐carotene globules may serve to protect D. bardawil against injury by the high intensity irradiation to which this alga is usually exposed in nature.
Sol−Gel Germania Triblock Polymer Coatings of Exceptional pH Stability in Capillary Microextraction Online-Coupled to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2010)

For the first time, a germania-based sol-gel coating was used in capillary microextraction (CME) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A hydroxy-terminated triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), was covalently bonded into a sol-gel germania matrix in the course of its creation from an alkoxide precursor via hydrolytic polycondensation reactions. A thin layer of this in situ-created sol-gel hybrid material was covalently anchored to the inner walls of a 0.25 mm i.d. fused silica capillary to produce a sol-gel germania triblock polymeric sorbent in the form of a highly stable surface coating. Such a coating served as an effective extracting phase for the preconcentration of a wide range of polar and nonpolar analytes (e.g., alcohols, amines, ketones, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) with nanomolar and picomolar detection limits. Most significantly, the sol-gel germania triblock polymer coating demonstrated impressive resistance to extreme pH conditions, surviving 5 days of continuous exposure to 1.0 M HCl (pH approximately 0.0) or 1.0 M NaOH (pH approximately 14.0), practically without any changes in performance. This shows the suitability of sol-gel germania hybrid organic-inorganic hybrid materials for use as sorbents or stationary phases under extreme pH conditions, often needed in a variety of separation and sample preparation techniques and applications, including ion chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, proteomics, HPLC with electrochemical detection, isoelectric focusing, and extraction of acidic and basic analytes.
The Mouse Dopamine D2<sub>A</sub> Receptor Gene: Sequence Homology with the Rat and Human Genes and Expression of Alternative Transcripts (1991)

To understand the possible involvement of dopamine receptors in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, we have cloned and sequenced a dopamine D2A receptor gene from the mouse. A mouse genomic library was screened with probes derived from the published sequence of a rat D2A receptor cDNA. Using restriction endonuclease mapping, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing, we have determined the cDNA sequence and genomic organization of the mouse D2A receptor gene. Unlike other guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors, but similar to its rat and human counterparts, the mouse D2A receptor gene has seven introns and spans at least 30 kb of genomic DNA. The mouse D2A sequence shows 99% amino acid homology with the rat and 95% amino acid homology with the human sequence. As would be predicted, sequence differences are significantly more frequent outside of the hypothesized transmembrane spanning domain regions of the protein. Using the polymerase chain reaction with primers made from neighboring exons, we have identified two alternatively spliced D2A transcripts in the mouse. However, in contrast to the other species studied, the mouse expresses primarily the mRNA representing the larger, 444-amino-acid form of the receptor. Mouse pituitary expresses only the mRNA of the 444-amino-acid form of the D2A receptor. Hence, the mouse may offer the best model to study the in vivo physiology of the long form of the D2A receptor.
Juru at TREC 2004: Experiments with Prediction of Query Difficulty. (2004)

Our experiments in the Robust track this year focused on predicting query difficulty and using this prediction for improving information retrieval. We developed two prediction algorithms and used the subsequent prediction in several ways in order to improve the performance of the search engine. These included modifying the search engine parameters, using selective query expansion, and switching between different topic parts. We also experimented with a new scoring model based on ideas from the field of machine learning. Our results show that query prediction is indeed efficient in improving retrieval, although further work is needed in order to improve the performance of the prediction algorithms and their uses. 1
Adipose tissue MRI for quantitative measurement of central obesity (2012)

The atMRI technique permits rapid, accurate measurements of TAT, VAT, and VTR.
The Case for Lifetime Reliability-Aware Microprocessors (2004)

Ensuring long processor lifetimes by limiting failuresdue to wear-out related hard errors is a critical requirementfor all microprocessor manufacturers. We observethat continuous device scaling and increasing temperaturesare making lifetime reliability targets even harder to meet.However, current methodologies for qualifying lifetime reliabilityare overly conservative since they assume worst-caseoperating conditions. This paper makes the case thatthe continued use of such methodologies will significantlyand unnecessarily constrain performance. Instead, lifetimereliability awareness at the microarchitectural design stagecan mitigate this problem, by designing processors that dynamicallyadapt in response to the observed usage to meeta reliability target.We make two specific contributions. First, we describean architecture-level model and its implementation, calledRAMP, that can dynamically track lifetime reliability, respondingto changes in application behavior. RAMP isbased on state-of-the-art device models for different wear-outmechanisms. Second, we propose dynamic reliabilitymanagement (DRM) - a technique where the processorcan respond to changing application behavior to maintainits lifetime reliability target. In contrast to currentworst-case behavior based reliability qualification methodologies,DRM allows processors to be qualified for reliabilityat lower (but more likely) operating points than theworst case. Using RAMP, we show that this can save costand/or improve performance, that dynamic voltage scalingis an effective response technique for DRM, and that dynamicthermal management neither subsumes nor is sub-sumedby DRM.
Compound Selection (1998)

Abstract Chemists often find themselves needing to identify an informative subset within a larger – often, a much larger – library of compounds. The range of contexts in which such needs arise is broad, from test set selection for QSAR to compound acquisition programs. The kinds of libraries of interest vary considerably as well, from relatively small homologous data sets through vast ensembles of combinatorial libraries. Such considerations have led to development of a correspondingly wide range of compound selection methods – from simple random section through complex programs employing a genetic algorithm to balance many competing selection criteria.
A Microcomputer-Based Neuromuscular Blockade Monitor (1981)

A portable device has been developed and tested for monitoring the effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs. It incorporates a nerve stimulator, force transducer, and microcomputer for quantitating the level of neuromuscular block. The nerve stimulator, under microcomputer control, is capable of delivering single shocks at 0.1 Hz, train-of-four stimulation at 2 Hz, and tetanic stimulation at 30, 100, or 200 Hz. Stimuli are applied to the ulnar nerve. The response, adduction of the thumb, is sensed by a flexible beam force transducer. The output of the transducer is amplified and then processed by the microcomputer. The microcomputer quantitates twitch and train-of-four responses, and calculates the ratio between the first and fourth responses of train-of-four. The ratio is used to estimate the level of block. The device has clinical potential as a trend monitor of neuromuscular function during anesthesia and surgery. It also has research potential for determining the effects of newer neuromuscular blocking drugs for comparison with presently used drugs or, alternatively, for determining the effects of blocking drugs in altered physiological states.
Optical carrier-based microwave interferometers for sensing application (2014)

Optical fiber interferometers (OFIs) have been extensively utilized for precise measurements of various physical/chemical quantities (e.g., temperature, strain, pressure, rotation, refractive index, etc.). However, the random change of polarization states along the optical fibers and the strong dependence on the materials and geometries of the optical waveguides are problematic for acquiring high quality interference signal. Meanwhile, difficulty in multiplexing has always been a bottleneck on the application scopes of OFIs. Here, we present a sensing concept of optical carrier based microwave interferometry (OCMI) by reading optical interferometric sensors in microwave domain. It combines the advantages from both optics and microwave. The low oscillation frequency of the microwave can hardly distinguish the optical differences from both modal and polarization dispersion making it insensitive to the optical waveguides/materials. The phase information of the microwave can be unambiguitly resolved so that it has potential in fully distributed sensing. The OCMI concept has been implemented in different types of interferometers (i.e., Michelson, Mach-Zehnder, Fabry-Perot) among different optical waveguides (i.e., singlemode, multimode, and sapphire fibers) with excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low polarization dependence. A spatially continuous distributed strain sensing has been demonstrated.
Scintillation Properties of Lu$_0.4$Gd$_1.6$SiO$_5$:Ce (LGSO) Crystal (2006)

We have developed Lu <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$_0.4$</tex> Gd <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$_1.6$</tex> SiO <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$_5$</tex> :Ce (LGSO) crystals as a new scintillator for medical applications. Scintillation properties of LGSO crystal of various Ce concentrations and their dependence on annealing effect were studied. Its absorption coefficient at 511 KeV gamma rays is 0.70 cm <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^-1$</tex> . We observed that the light output and decay time are dependent on the Ce concentration in the crystal. Decay constant decreases with increasing Ce. Annealing of the colored crystal having 2.0 mol% Ce makes it colorless with better scintillation properties: large light output (40% of NaI:Tl), good energy resolution (8.3% for 4 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$,times,$</tex> 6 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$,times,$</tex> 20 mm <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^3$</tex> crystal) and fast decay constant (65 ns of primary component and 180 ns of secondary component).
Microbial Production of Optically Active 1,3-Butanediol from the Racemate (1993)

Journal Article Microbial Production of Optically Active 1,3-Butanediol from the Racemate Get access Akinobu Matsuyama, Akinobu Matsuyama Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd., Arai Plant, 230 Arai, Arai-shi, Niigata 944, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshinori Kobayashi, Yoshinori Kobayashi Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd., Arai Plant, 230 Arai, Arai-shi, Niigata 944, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hajime Ohnishi Hajime Ohnishi Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd., Arai Plant, 230 Arai, Arai-shi, Niigata 944, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 4, 1 January 1993, Pages 685–686, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.685 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 26 October 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Improving biobutanol production in engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> by manipulation of acetyl-CoA metabolism (2013)

Recently, butanols (1-butanol, 2-butanol and iso-butanol) have generated attention as alternative gasoline additives. Butanols have several properties favorable in comparison to ethanol, and strong interest therefore exists in the reconstruction of the 1-butanol pathway in commonly used industrial microorganisms. In the present study, the biosynthetic pathway for 1-butanol production was reconstructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to introducing heterologous enzymes for butanol production, we engineered yeast to have increased flux toward cytosolic acetyl-CoA, the precursor metabolite for 1-butanol biosynthesis. This was done through introduction of a plasmid-containing genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD6), acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ERG10), as well as the use of strains containing deletions in the malate synthase (MLS1) or citrate synthase (CIT2) genes. Our results show a trend to increased butanol production in strains engineered for increased cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels, with the best-producing strains having maximal butanol titers of 16.3 mg/l. This represents a 6.5-fold improvement in butanol titers compared to previous values reported for yeast and demonstrates the importance of an improved cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply for heterologous butanol production by this organism.
crRNA and tracrRNA guide Cas9-mediated DNA interference in<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> (2013)

The Cas9-crRNA complex of the Streptococcus thermophilus DGCC7710 CRISPR3-Cas system functions as an RNA-guided endonuclease with crRNA-directed target sequence recognition and protein-mediated DNA cleavage. We show here that an additional RNA molecule, tracrRNA (trans-activating CRISPR RNA), co-purifies with the Cas9 protein isolated from the heterologous E. coli strain carrying the S. thermophilus DGCC7710 CRISPR3-Cas system. We provide experimental evidence that tracrRNA is required for Cas9-mediated DNA interference both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Cas9 specifically promotes duplex formation between the precursor crRNA (pre-crRNA) transcript and tracrRNA, in vitro. Furthermore, the housekeeping RNase III contributes to primary pre-crRNA-tracrRNA duplex cleavage for mature crRNA biogenesis. RNase III, however, is not required in the processing of a short pre-crRNA transcribed from a minimal CRISPR array containing a single spacer. Finally, we show that an in vitro-assembled ternary Cas9-crRNA-tracrRNA complex cleaves DNA. This study further specifies the molecular basis for crRNA-based re-programming of Cas9 to specifically cleave any target DNA sequence for precise genome surgery. The processes for crRNA maturation and effector complex assembly established here will contribute to the further development of the Cas9 re-programmable system for genome editing applications.
Ecological Hydroelectric Concept „Shaft Power Plant“. (2014)

At the Department of Hydraulic Engineering of the Technische Universität München an innovative hydropower concept was developed; the "Shaft Power Plant," in which the power plant unit is located entirely under water in a shaft and the turbine water supply is carried out via a horizontal intake plane. The system requires only a low building volume and has in particular environmental benefits given the integration of a convincing fish protection and migration passage in the hydraulic design. For larger sites, the system “multishaft power plant” was conceived.
A nonreciprocal, frequency-tunable notch amplifier based on Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (DMC) (2016)

The tuning range of a high-Q resonator or a bandpass filter in conventional technology is very limited and often with high insertion loss in the passband. Recently, the directional parametric conversion effect in time-varying transmission lines (TVTLs) has been utilized to develop nonmagnetic nonreciprocal components operating like circulators [1, 2]. In a TVTL, the two frequencies, the original RF and the up-converted RF, are cross-coupled through a single-tone carrier. Such property can be used for a frequency-tunable high-gain narrowband amplifier through the creation of the sharp resonance at the up-converted frequency. In this work, the concept of the frequency-tunable notch amplifier based on the TVTL is validated and demonstrated with analysis and experiments. We propose to form a feedback loop of a TVTL in one of its practical implementations called Distributedly Modulated Capacitors (DMC). The narrowband gain of the notch amplifier can be tuned over a wide frequency range by just tuning the carrier frequency that modulates the TVTL. An experiment prototype on a Rogers board demonstrated larger than 17 dB gain with a less than 10 MHz bandwidth at a center frequency tunable from 1.48 to 1.65 GHz.
Virtual Skyhook Vibration Isolation System (2001)

This work presents and demonstrates a passive isolation system that offers the performance of a skyhook damper, but without the need of an inertial reference. This “virtual skyhook” isolation system can be used to reduce the transmission of base excitations to a structure. An analysis of the concept is presented, and model predictions are compared to experimental measurements for a simple test structure. The results demonstrate that the proposed isolation system significantly attenuates transmissibility at resonance without the penalty of increased transmissibility at higher frequencies, which often limits the performance of passive approaches. Practical issues regarding the design and implementation of the virtual skyhook vibration isolation system are also presented and discussed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of an entirely passive skyhook damper isolation system.
Label-free microRNA detection based on exchange-induced remnant magnetization (2013)

We report a technique that is based on exchange-induced remnant magnetization for microRNA (miRNA) detection. In sequence-specific exchange reactions between label-free miRNA and magnetically labelled RNA with one mismatched base, the decrease in magnetization quantitatively represents the target miRNA. The detection limit reaches the zeptomole regime, with no amplification or washing procedures. Therefore, our technique will be suitable for precise miRNA profiling to aid in early diagnosis of cancers.
Genetic heterogeneity and Alzheimer`s disease (1994)

In some early-onset Alzheimer`s disease (AD) families, inheritance is autosomal dominant. (Early-onset AD is arbitarily defined as onset at {le} 60 years.) Two loci have been identified which are causative for early-onset familial AD (FAD). One is the amyloid precursor protein gene in which specific mutation have been identified. The second is a locus at 14q24.3 (AD3) which has been localized by linkage analysis; the gene and specific mutations have not been identified. Linkage studies place this locus between D14S61 and D14S63. These 2 loci, however, do not account for all early-onset FAD. The Volga German (VG) kindreds are descendants of families which emigrated from Germany to the Volga river region of Russia and subsequently to the US; AD in these families is hypothesized to be the result of a common genetic founder. The average age-at-onset in these families is 57 years. Linkage analysis for this group has been negative for the APP gene and for chromosome 14 markers. Thus, there is at least 1 other early-onset FAD locus. Recently, the {epsilon}4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was identified as a risk-factor for late-onset AD. In a series of 53 late-onset kindreds, a strong genetic association was observed between the more » ApoE {epsilon}4 allele and AD. However, when linkage analysis was performed using a highly polymorphic locus at the ApoCII gene, which is within 30 kb of ApoE, significant evidence for co-segregation was not observed. This and other data suggests that while ApoE is an age-at-onset modifying locus, another gene(s), located elsewhere, contribute(s) to late-onset AD. Thus, there is probably at least 1 other late-onset locus. Once the VG locus is identified, it will be possible to determine whether an allelic variant of this locus is responsible for late-onset FAD. « less
Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures (2010)

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are lightweight and inexpensive enablers for a large class of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications such as: (a) embedded guided-wave ultrasonics, i.e., pitch-catch, pulse-echo, phased arrays; (b) high-frequency modal sensing, i.e., the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method; (c) passive detection (acoustic emission and impact detection). The focus of this paper will be on the challenges and opportunities posed by the composite structures as different from the metallic structures on which this methodology was initially developed. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses damage modes in composites. Then, it reviews the PWAS-based SHM principles. It follows with a discussion of guided wave propagation in composites and PWAS tuning effects. Finally, the paper presents some damage detection results in composites: (i) hole damage in unidirectional and quasi-isotropic plates; and (ii) impact damage in quasiisotropic plates. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work I. Nomenclature 1 E = axial modulus 2 E = transverse modulus E/M = electromechanical 12