gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary current-sensing noise thermometry in the millikelvin regime (2016)

The use of low-temperature platforms with base temperatures below 1 K is rapidly expanding, for fundamental science, sensitive instrumentation and new technologies of potentially significant commercial impact. Precise measurement of the thermodynamic temperature of these low-temperature platforms is crucial for their operation. In this paper, we describe a practical and user-friendly primary current-sensing noise thermometer (CSNT) for reliable and traceable thermometry and the dissemination of the new kelvin in this temperature regime. Design considerations of the thermometer are discussed, including the optimization of a thermometer for the temperature range to be measured, noise sources and thermalization. We show the procedure taken to make the thermometer primary and contributions to the uncertainty budget. With standard laboratory instrumentation, a relative uncertainty of 1.53% is obtainable. Initial comparison measurements between a primary CSNT and a superconducting reference device traceable to the PLTS-2000 (Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000) are presented between 66 and 208 mK, showing good agreement within the k=1 calculated uncertainty.
Thermal noise in a fiber optic sensor (1988)

The mean intrinsic thermal noise in a fiber optic interferometric sensor is calculated from the equipartition theorem. The spectral density of the fluctuating force is the mechanical equivalent of the well-known thermally induced voltage noise (Johnson noise) in electrical resistors. The consequent phase noise generated by this fluctuating force in a high-sensitivity fiber optic interferometric seismic sensor is found to dominate the phase noise of present opto-electronic interferometric demodulators, thus setting the limit for minimum detectable vibration amplitudes. This effect is identical to that found to limit the sensitivity of ‘‘mirrored galvanometers’’ as the optical leverage of the transducer was increased. It is shown that this contribution to the sensor noise is reduced when the sensor is used above resonance as a seismometer rather than below resonance as an accelerometer. The further increase in noise-limited detection thresholds introduced by aliasing of the noise concentrated about the resonance frequency in time-sampled accelerometers is emphasized.
Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries (1988)

Bacteria isolated from two salmonid hatcheries were screened for antiviral activity against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to ascertain the presence of bacteria with anti-IHNV activity in the aquatic environment. Out of 710 bacterial isolates from the water and sediment samples, 190 strains showed anti-IHNV activities of more than 50% plaque reduction. These antiviral activities were detected predominantly in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas/Vibrio, and coryneforms. In one hatchery, the bacteria with antiviral activities were more prevalent in sediment samples than in water samples. Seventy-seven percent of the isolates with higher antiviral activities (greater than 90% plaque reduction) belonged to Pseudomonas.
P2-Purinergic Receptors: Subtype-Associated Signaling Responses and Structure (1995)

Extracellular adenine nucleotides interact with P2-purinergic receptors to regulate a broad range of physiological processes. These receptors include the P2Y-, P2U-, P2T-, P2X-, and P2Z-purinergic receptor subtypes. This review focuses on the first three of these receptor subtypes, which couple to G proteins and regulate the inositol lipid, cyclic AMP, and other second-messenger signaling cascades. Both pharmacological data and the occurrence of selectivity of coupling to second-messenger pathways indicate the existence of multiple members in several of the classes of P2-purinergic receptor subtypes. Complementary DNAs cloned for P2Y- and P2U-purinergic receptors predict proteins with seven transmembrane-spanning motifs, typical of that of other G protein-linked receptors.
Metal–Organic Framework-Based Microfluidic Impedance Sensor Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (2020)

The growing global concerns to public health from human exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) require rapid, sensitive, <i>in situ</i> detection where current, state-of-the-art techniques are yet to adequately meet sensitivity standards of the real world. This work presents, for the first time, a synergistic approach for the targeted affinity-based capture of PFOS using a porous sorbent probe that enhances detection sensitivity by embedding it on a microfluidic platform. This novel sorbent-containing platform functions as an electrochemical sensor to directly measure PFOS concentration through a proportional change in electrical current (increase in impedance). The extremely high surface area and pore volume of mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) Cr-MIL-101 is used as the probe for targeted PFOS capture based on the affinity of the chromium center toward both the fluorine tail groups as well as the sulfonate functionalities as demonstrated by spectroscopic (NMR and XPS) and microscopic (TEM) studies. Answering the need for an ultrasensitive PFOS detection technique, we are embedding the MOF capture probes inside a microfluidic channel, sandwiched between interdigitated microelectrodes (IDμE). The nanoporous geometry, along with interdigitated microelectrodes, increases the signal-to-noise ratio tremendously. Further, the ability of the capture probes to interact with the PFOS at the molecular level and effectively transduce that response electrochemically has allowed us achieve a significant increase in sensitivity. The PFOS detection limit of 0.5 ng/L is unprecedented for <i>in situ</i> analytical PFOS sensors and comparable to quantification limits achieved using state-of-the-art <i>ex situ</i> techniques.
Application of seismic interferometry to extract P- and S-wave propagation and observation of shear-wave splitting from noise data at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (2008)

Abstract We extract downward-propagating P- and S-waves from industrial noise generated by human and/or machine activity at the surface propagating down a borehole at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada, and measure shear-wave splitting from these data. The continuous seismic data are recorded at eight sensors along a downhole well during steam injection into a 420–470-m-deep oil reservoir. We crosscorrelate the waveforms observed at the top sensor and other sensors to extract estimates of the direct P- and S-wave components of the Green's function that account for wave propagation between sensors. Fast high-frequency and slow low-frequency signals propagating vertically from the surface to the bottom are found for the vertical and horizontal components of the wave motion, which are identified with P- and S-waves, respectively. The fastest S-wave polarized in the east-northeast–west-southwest direction is about 1.9% faster than the slowest S-wave polarized in the northwest-southeast direction. The direction of polarization of the fast S-wave is rotated clockwise by 40° from the maximum principal stress axis as estimated from the regional stress field. This study demonstrates the useful application of seismic interferometry to field data to determine structural parameters, which are P- and S-wave velocities and a shear-wave-splitting coefficient, with high accuracy.
Effects of γ-Irradiated Fats on Plasma Lipid Concentrations and Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats (2001)

Currently, there is a growing need for food irradiation that is effective in food preservation and quality improvement. Accordingly, this study was designed to observe the effects of gamma-irradiated dietary fat on plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed 5-kGy-gamma-irradiated beef tallow (gammaBT), corn oil (gammaCO), perilla oil (gammaPO), and nonirradiated fats (BT, CO, and PO) for 6 weeks. The gamma-irradiated fat feeding did not affect the plasma lipid concentrations. However, the hepatic cholesterol content was significantly higher in the rats fed gamma-CO as compared with the rats fed nonirradiated CO (40.0 vs. 28.2 mg/g liver). The hepatic HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase activities were not significantly different between the controls and the gamma-irradiated fat fed groups. However, the hepatic ACAT (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) activity was significantly lower in the gammaPO group as compared with its control group (138.2 vs. 404.5 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Among the nonirradiated groups, the ACAT activities of the CO and PO groups were higher than that of the BT group. The amounts of coprostanone, cholesterol, and total fecal neutral sterol were significantly higher in the gammaPO group as compared with the other groups. These results indicate that although slight changes in the lipid metabolism were observed as a result of 5-kGy-gamma-irradiated fat feeding, they were relative to the fat type and had no harmful consequences.
Volume rendering of DCT-based compressed 3D scalar data (1995)

The paper proposes a scheme to perform volume rendering from compressed scalar data. Instead of decompressing the entire data set before rendering, blocks of data are decompressed as needed. Discrete cosine transform based compression technique is used to illustrate the method. The data is partitioned into overlapping blocks to permit local rendering and allow easy parallelization. Compression by factor of 20 to 30 produces rendering virtually indistinguishable from rendering using the original uncompressed data. Speedup is obtained by making use of spatial homogeneity detected in the transform domain. Rendering time using the proposed approach is less than that of direct rendering from the entire uncompressed data. The proposed method thus offers an attractive option to reduce storage, computation, and transmission overhead of otherwise huge data sets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular cloning and characterization of two lincomycin‐resistance genes, <i>ImrA</i> and <i>ImrB</i>, from <i>Streptomyces lincolnensls</i> 78–11 (1992)

Two different lincomycin-resistance determinants (lmrA and lmrB) from Streptomyces lincolnensis 78-11 were cloned in Streptomyces lividans 66 TK23. The gene lmrA was localized on a 2.16 kb fragment, the determined nucleotide sequence of which encoded a single open reading frame 1446 bp long. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggested the presence of 12 membrane-spanning domains and showed significant similarities to the methylenomycin-resistance protein (Mmr) from Streptomyces coelicolor, the QacA protein from Staphylococcus aureus, and several tetracycline-resistance proteins from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as to some sugar-transport proteins from Escherichia coli. The lmrB gene was actively expressed from a 2.7 kb fragment. An open reading frame of 837 bp could be localized which encoded a protein that was significantly similar to 23S rRNA adenine(2058)-N-methyltransferases conferring macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance. LmrB also had putative rRNA methyltransferase activity since lincomycin resistance of ribosomes was induced in lmrB-containing strains. Surprisingly, both enzymes, LmrA and LmrB, had a substrate specificity restricted to lincomycin and did not cause resistance to other lincosamides such as celesticetin and clindamycin, or to macrolides.
Toward Interlanguage Parallel Scripting for Distributed-Memory Scientific Computing (2015)

Scripting languages such as Python and R have been widely adopted as tools for the productive development of scientific software because of the power and expressiveness of the languages and available libraries. However, deploying scripted applications on large-scale parallel computer systems such as the IBM Blue Gene/Q or Cray XE6 is a challenge because of issues including operating system limitations, interoperability challenges, parallel filesystem overheads due to the small file system accesses common in scripted approaches, and other issues. We present here a new approach to these problems in which the Swift scripting system is used to integrate high-level scripts written in Python, R, and Tcl, with native code developed in C, C++, and Fortran, by linking Swift to the library interfaces to the script interpreters. In this approach, Swift handles data management, movement, and marshaling among distributed-memory processes without direct user manipulation of low-level communication libraries such as MPI. We present a technique to efficiently launch scripted applications on large-scale supercomputers using a hierarchical programming model.
Hierarchical organization in complex networks (2003)

Many real networks in nature and society share two generic properties: they are scale-free and they display a high degree of clustering. We show that these two features are the consequence of a hierarchical organization, implying that small groups of nodes organize in a hierarchical manner into increasingly large groups, while maintaining a scale-free topology. In hierarchical networks, the degree of clustering characterizing the different groups follows a strict scaling law, which can be used to identify the presence of a hierarchical organization in real networks. We find that several real networks, such as the Worldwideweb, actor network, the Internet at the domain level, and the semantic web obey this scaling law, indicating that hierarchy is a fundamental characteristic of many complex systems.
Reconstituted D-glucose transport from the adipocyte plasma membrane. Chromatographic resolution of transport activity from membrane glycoproteins using immobilized concanavalin A (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReconstituted D-glucose transport from the adipocyte plasma membrane. Chromatographic resolution of transport activity from membrane glycoproteins using immobilized concanavalin AChristin Carter-Su, Dennis J. Pillion, and Michael P. CzechCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 11, 2374–2385Publication Date (Print):May 27, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00552a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00552a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional source separation and hand cortical representation for a brain–computer interface feature extraction (2007)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) can be defined as any system that can track the person's intent which is embedded in his/her brain activity and, from it alone, translate the intention into commands of a computer. Among the brain signal monitoring systems best suited for this challenging task, electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are the most realistic, since both are non-invasive, EEG is portable and MEG could provide more specific information that could be later exploited also through EEG signals. The first two BCI steps require set up of the appropriate experimental protocol while recording the brain signal and then to extract interesting features from the recorded cerebral activity. To provide information useful in these BCI stages, our aim is to provide an overview of a new procedure we recently developed, named functional source separation (FSS). As it comes from the blind source separation algorithms, it exploits the most valuable information provided by the electrophysiological techniques, i.e. the waveform signal properties, remaining blind to the biophysical nature of the signal sources. FSS returns the single trial source activity, estimates the time course of a neuronal pool along different experimental states on the basis of a specific functional requirement in a specific time period, and uses the simulated annealing as the optimization procedure allowing the exploit of functional constraints non-differentiable. Moreover, a minor section is included, devoted to information acquired by MEG in stroke patients, to guide BCI applications aiming at sustaining motor behaviour in these patients. Relevant BCI features - spatial and time-frequency properties - are in fact altered by a stroke in the regions devoted to hand control. Moreover, a method to investigate the relationship between sensory and motor hand cortical network activities is described, providing information useful to develop BCI feedback control systems. This review provides a description of the FSS technique, a promising tool for the BCI community for online electrophysiological feature extraction, and offers interesting information to develop BCI applications to sustain hand control in stroke patients.
Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 as potential probiotic strain (1997)

A probiotic can be defined as a viable monoculture or a mixed culture of microorganisms which affects the host by improving the properties of indigenous microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. For the administration of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics in humans or animals, they should be resistant to specific conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The part of the selection procedure for probiotic strains can be based on in vitro experiments. Lactobacillus acidophilus M92, belonging to one of the usual species in the human intestinal tract, and frequently incorporated into fermented milk products, was examined for a probiotic activity. L. acidophilus M92 has shown the antimicrobial activity against enterophatogenic, spore-forming and fungal test microorganisms. This bacterium has also shown significant degree of survival in the conditions of low pH value of the medium and in the presence of lysozyme, phenol and bile salts. The antibiotic resistance is also an important criterion for the selection of probiotic strains. L. acidophilus M92 was resistant against different antibiotics, pruved by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of tested antibiotics for L. acidophilus M92.
اللغة العربية لسان الحضارة في أرخبيل الملايو (2016)

As the Malay convert their belief from Hinduism and Budhism to Islam, Muslims at that time live by the faith firmly according to Islamic guidance. Among the attractions of the message of Islam to the Malays is that they start learning Arabic as a language of cultural interaction, and compiling any Islamic studies in Arabic language. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain how Malays began to know and learn Arabic. This study also aimed to identify the contribution of Arabic language in the construction of Islamic civilization in the Malay archipelago. The method used in this study is descriptive analytical approach. The study found that the manuscripts written in Arabic by Malay scholars have achieved the mission of interaction and civilization in the Malay Archipelago. It also has the ability to resist the times and the current change, and resilience to deal with the factors of decline and extinction which experienced by many other languages in the world. Therefore, Arabic language requires more attention from Malay and Islamic scholars. In addition, it also require the solid/full support from any competent authorities either from organizations or institutions concerned. Keyword: Arabic Language of Civilization; Malay Archipelago; Manuscript DOI: 10.22583/ijwas.2016.08.01.09
How Australians Pay: Evidence from the 2016 Consumer Payments Survey (2017)

The Reserve Bank's triennial Consumer Payments Survey (CPS) provides a detailed snapshot of how Australian consumers make payments. The 2016 CPS recorded information on around 17 000 day-to-day payments made by over 1 500 participants during a week. The data show that Australian consumers continued to switch from paper-based ways of making payments such as cash and cheques, towards digital payment methods (particularly debit and credit cards). Cards were the most frequently used means of payment in the 2016 survey, overtaking cash for the first time. Contactless 'tap and go' cards are an increasingly popular way of making payments, displacing cash for many lower-value transactions. Despite these trends, cash still accounts for a material share of consumer payments and is intensively used by some segments of the population. Payments using a mobile phone at a card terminal are a relatively new feature of the payments system and this technology was not widely used at the time of the survey. However, consumers are increasingly using their mobile phones to make online and person-to-person payments. Similarly, consumers are using automatic payments, such as direct debits, more frequently.
Nanoporous Polymers Containing Stereocontorted Cores for Hydrogen Storage (2009)

This paper reports synthesis of several nanoporous polymers containing stereocontorted cores for hydrogen storage. The spirobifluorene and tetraphenylmethane cores were used as the building blocks for the cross-linked polymers. Trimerizations of acetylinic compounds or oxidative coupling of thiophenyl compound were used for the polymerization. Characterizations on structures and hydrogen storage capacities of the resulting polymers were performed. It was found that the polymers thus prepared generally have a narrow pore size distribution, and specific surface areas up to 1000 m2/g were obtained. It was shown that the reaction conditions affect the size of nanopores and the surface areas. Hydrogen adsorption capacities at liquid nitrogen and ambient temperatures were measured using a Sievert isotherm apparatus.
Three-Dimensional Transport Simulations and Modeling of Densely Packed CNTFETs (2018)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET) based applications require multiple CNTs with small tube pitches for competing with existing silicon technologies. The associated dense packing of CNTs leads to electrostatic interactions between the tubes also known as screening effects. In this paper, the impact of the latter on the CNT current and charge density has been investigated by means of three-dimensional (3D) device simulation (TCAD), in which the CNT is represented by its actual 3D structure rather than by a one-dimensional (1D) line, allowing to include the effects of an inhomogeneous charge and current density distribution along the CNT circumference. Different analytical models describing the impact of the oxide thickness, CNT diameter and CNT pitch on the oxide capacitance are compared. Using the most accurate model, the dependence of drain current, transconductance, subthreshold slope and transit frequency on the above mentioned parameters has been determined using TCAD simulations.