gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware Protection via Logic Locking Test Points (2018)

Growing reverse-engineering attempts to steal or violate a design intellectual property (IP), or to identify the device technology in order to counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs), raise serious concerns in the IC design community. As the information derived from these practices can be used in a number of malicious ways, various active techniques have been proposed and deployed to protect IP, of which logic locking is a vital part. It allows inserting certain gates in a circuit's data path to lock outputs to fixed logic values, if a wrong unlocking key is applied. This paper demonstrates that test points-industry-proven design-for-test technology used primarily to enhance the overall design testability-can also be reused in the mission mode to lock the circuit, and thus to improve the hardware security against IP piracy. In particular, it is shown that test points can facilitate the hiding of design functionality from adversaries. As a result, not only is the overall design testability improved, but also effective protection against piracy through unauthorized excess production and other forms of IP theft is ensured. Experimental results on industrial designs with test points demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective in achieving a desired degree of hardware obfuscation.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Novel Sulfonium Photoacid Generators and Their Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Signal processing for single-ended loop make-up identification (2005)

Broadband digital subscriber line (DSL) access for small business and residential customers is one of the most important new services currently being offered by network and service providers. To date, DSL service providers are still in need of an advanced loop qualification system that can minimize qualification errors. Loop qualification consists of determining whether a loop can support DSL services or not and, generally, the estimate of the loop transfer function is sufficient for such purposes. We propose here to solve a more ambitious problem: single ended automatic loop make-up identification (LMID), i.e. the determination of the length and the gauge of all loop sections (including bridged taps) via single-ended testing without human intervention. It is proposed here to use time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements, which are analyzed by a novel step-by-step ML algorithm, to achieve accurate LMID. This problem is equivalent to resolving via a single sensor experiment an unknown number of closely spaced echoes, some overlapping some not, which exhibit unknown amplitudes, unknown times of arrival and unknown shapes.
Stabilization Through Gyration: A Wave Variable Approach to High Frequency Force Feedback in Telerobotics (2006)

High frequency force feedback to a user is commonly recognized as vital to achieving a realistic telerobotic experience. However, the feedback of measured forces can trigger contact instabilities when interacting with stiff environments. We present a novel feedback approach based on wave variable design, taking advantage of two wave features. First, stability is independent of lag or filtering. Secondly, wave signals inherently describe power flow, thus connecting stability to signal conditioning. The resulting force feedback architecture combines the best of the traditional position-position and position-force methods with an additional element typically not seen in telerobotic controllers – a gyrator. It is stable regardless of the environment stiffness, transmits high frequency forces without roll-off, and is even tolerant to delay. We verify this performance with simple experimental tests, investigate the effects of the gyrator, and show that it plays a critical role in maintaining such robust stability.
FAST: An international, multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOX) with or without IMAB362, a first-in-class anti-CLDN18.2 antibody, as first-line therapy in patients with advanced CLDN18.2+ gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. (2016)

LBA4001 Background: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a tight junction protein expressed by several cancers including gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma. IMAB362 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that mediates specific killing of CLDN18.2-positive cancer cells by activation of immune effector mechanisms. IMAB362 has demonstrated single-agent activity and was safe and tolerable in patients (pts) with pretreated gastric cancer. Methods: Pts with advanced/recurrent gastric and GEJ cancer were centrally evaluated for CLDN18.2 expression by IHC (validated CLAUDETECT18.2 Kit). Eligible pts had a CLDN18.2 expression of ≥ 2+ in ≥ 40% tumor cells, an ECOG PS of 0–1 and were not eligible for trastuzumab. Pts were randomized 1:1 to first-line EOX (epirubicin 50 mg/m 2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 d1, and capecitabine 625 mg/m 2 bid, d1–21; qd22) with or without IMAB362 (loading dose 800 mg/m 2 , then 600 mg/m 2 d1, qd21). The study was extended by an exploratory Arm3 (N = 85) to investigate a high dose IMAB362 (1000 mg/m 2 ) plus EOX, (not subject here). The primary study endpoint was PFS (Arm 1 v 2, 70% power, HR 0.72, 1-sided p = 0.1). Results: 730 pts were consented, of whom 352 pts (48%) were tested CLDN18.2+ per protocol criteria. Of those, 161 pts (median age, 58 yrs; male 64%; gastric, 80%; GEJ, 16%; esophageal, 4%) were randomized into Arms1 and 2. The study met its endpoints. IMAB362 plus EOX improved PFS (median 5.7 v 7.9 mon; HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.35–0.78, 1-sided p = 0.001) and OS (median 8.7 v 12.5 mon; HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.28–0.73) compared to EOX alone. In the subpopulation with very high CLDN18.2 expression ( ≥ 2+ intensity in ≥ 70% tumor cells), efficacy was more pronounced (PFS, 6.1 vs 9.1 mon; HR 0.46; OS, 9.3 v 16.6 mon; HR 0.44). Most common IMAB362-related adverse events included vomiting, neutropenia, and anemia, which were mostly of NCI-CTC grade 1/2. Grade 3/4 events were not significantly increased by IMAB362. Conclusions: IMAB362 combined with first-line chemotherapy exhibited a clinically relevant benefit in PFS and OS and a favorable risk/benefit profile. Clinical trial information: NCT01630083.
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Testing in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Value Proposition (2020)

Monitoring dd-cfDNA offers a rapid and reproducible method to detect graft injuries at an early actionable stage without protocol biopsies and allows for more effective personalized immunosuppression. The appropriate use of dd-cfDNA testing can provide both clinical and economic benefits to all transplantation stakeholders.
Polyimides From a-BPDA and Aromatic Diamines (2006)

Polymers having low color and a favorable combination of other properties, including high glass-transition temperature (Tg) and high mechanical properties (strength, tensile modulus, and toughness) will find use in a variety of terrestrial and space applications. Some of the space applications will be in thin films used as membranes on antennas, solar concentrators, coatings on second-surface mirrors, solar sails, sunshades, thermal and optical coatings, and multi-layer thermal insulation blankets. Depending upon the application, the film will be required to exhibit a unique combination of such properties as resistance to degradation by ultraviolet light, visible light, and electrons; low color and/or low solar absorptivity; resistance to tearing and/or wrinkling during packaging and deployment; and high mechanical properties (e.g. high strength, stiffness, and toughness).
Selective CO<sub>2</sub>reduction on a polycrystalline Ag electrode enhanced by anodization treatment (2015)

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO on polycrystalline silver (Ag) was greatly improved by a simple anodization treatment. A CO faradaic efficiency of 92.8% was achieved at an overpotential of 0.50 V in an aqueous electrolyte. This study suggests that the enhanced performance is due to a preferred (220) orientation and a thin silver oxide layer formed by anodization.
Houttuyniae Herba Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity via Calcium Response Modulation in the Mouse Hippocampus (2015)

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by the repeated occurrence of electrical activity known as seizures. This activity induces increased intracellular calcium, which ultimately leads to neuronal damage. Houttuyniae Herba, the aerial part of Houttuynia cordata, has various pharmacological effects and is widely used as a traditional herb. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract on kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Kainic acid directly acts on calcium release, resulting in seizure behavior, neuronal damage, and cognitive impairment. In a rat primary hippocampal culture system, Houttuyniae Herba water extract significantly protected neuronal cells from kainic acid toxicity. In a seizure model where mice received intracerebellar kainic acid injections, Houttuyniae Herba water extract treatment resulted in a lower seizure stage score, ameliorated cognitive impairment, protected neuronal cells against kainic acid-induced toxicity, and suppressed neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. In addition, Houttuyniae Herba water extract regulated increases in the intracellular calcium level, its related downstream pathways (reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction), and calcium/calmodulin complex kinase type II immunoreactivity in the mouse hippocampus, which resulted from calcium influx stimulation induced by kainic acid. These results demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract through inhibition of calcium generation in a kainic acid-induced epileptic model.
Network Coding as a WiMAX Link Reliability Mechanism (2012)

We design and implement a network-coding-enabled reliability architecture for next generation wireless networks. Our network coding (NC) architecture uses a flexible thread-based design, with each encoder-decoder instance applying systematic intra-session random linear network coding as a packet erasure code at the IP layer, to ensure the fast and reliable transfer of information between wireless nodes. Using Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) WiMAX platforms, a series of point-to-point transmission experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the NC architecture to that of the Automatic Repeated reQuest (ARQ) and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) mechanisms. At the application layer, Iperf and UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP) are used to measure throughput, packet loss and file transfer delay. In our selected scenarios, the proposed architecture is able to decrease packet loss from around 11-32% to nearly 0%; compared to HARQ and joint HARQ/ARQ mechanisms, the NC architecture offers up to 5.9 times gain in throughput and 5.5 times reduction in end-to-end file transfer delay. Our experiments show that network coding as a packet erasure code in the upper layers of the protocol stack has the potential to reduce the need for joint HARQ/ARQ schemes in the PHY/MAC layers, thus offering insights into cross-layer designs of efficient next generation wireless networks.
Development and Microstructural Characterization of High‐Thermal‐Conductivity Aluminum Nitride Ceramics (1988)

The effect of several additives, such as CaC 2 , CaO, Y 2 O 3 , and C, on thermal conductivity of hot‐pressed AlN ceramics was investigated. The addition of CaC 2 reductant was found to be useful for achieving high thermal conductivity of 180 W/(m·K) at room temperature. The characterization of AlN ceramics with CaC 2 additive was performed by chemical analysis of Ca, C, and O and microstructural analysis using transmission electron microscopes equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyzer and an electron energy loss spectrometer. The major influence on high thermal conductivity is the disappearance of a thermal barrier caused by oxygen impurities at the grain boundary.
Time‐encoded golden angle radial arterial spin labeling: Simultaneous acquisition of angiography and perfusion data (2021)

The objective of the current study was to combine a time-encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (te-pCASL) scheme with a golden angle radial readout for simultaneous acquisition of angiography and perfusion images from one single dataset, both in a highly flexible single-slice approach as well as within a multislice setting. A te-pCASL preparation and the golden angle radial readout were both used as a temporal resolution tool to retrospectively choose the temporal window for the reconstruction of both angiography and perfusion images from a single-slice dataset. The temporal window could be chosen retrospectively and adjusted to the hemodynamics of the volunteer on the scanner for the single-slice dataset. Angiographic images were reconstructed at a minimum temporal resolution of 69 ms. For the perfusion phase, only the densely sampled center of k-space was included in the reconstruction. For a multislice acquisition, the golden angle radial readout allowed reconstruction of images with different spatial resolutions to provide angiographic and perfusion information over 10 slices. The te-pCASL preparation was used as the only source for dynamic information. The multislice acquisition shows the ability of the golden angle radial readout to display the inflow of the labeled blood into the arteries as well as the perfusion in the tissue with full brain coverage. By combining a te-pCASL preparation with a golden angle radial readout, single-slice high temporal resolution angiography and good quality perfusion images were reconstructed in a flexible manner from a single dataset. Optimizing the golden angle radial readout for reconstructions at multiple spatial resolutions allows for multislice acquisition.
Si photonic device uniformity improvement using wafer-scale location specific processing (2012)

We report two-fold improvement in Si photonic device uniformity over a 200mm SOI wafer through location specific processing. A within wafer thickness non-uniformity of 0.8nm yielding a grating fiber-coupler peak-wavelength non-uniformity of 1.8nm is achieved.
Integrative Network Analysis Unveils Convergent Molecular Pathways in Parkinson's Disease and Diabetes (2013)

These results provide the first evidence that Parkinson's disease and diabetes are strongly linked at the molecular level and that shared molecular networks provide an additional source for identifying highly sensitive biomarkers. Further, these results suggest for the first time that increased expression of APP in blood may modulate the neurodegenerative phenotype in type 2 diabetes patients.
Inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) induces autophagy as a survival mechanism (2014)

We conclude that PFKFB3 inhibitors suppress glucose uptake, which in turn causes an increase in autophagy. The addition of selective inhibitors of autophagy to 3PO and its more potent derivatives may prove useful as rational combinations for the treatment of cancer.
Experimental Investigation of Friction Stir Seal Welding of Tube-Tubesheet Joints (2013)

To ensure heat exchanger tube-tubesheet joints tightness, industrial standards may recommend performing a combination of roller expansion and seal welding, using conventional fusion welding processes. Solid state friction stir welding (FSW) has several advantages over the conventional fusion welding but has not yet proven its usefulness in seal and strength welding of heat exchanger tube-tubesheet joints where the available space is very limited and weld pass is of a relatively complex contour. In this work, a newly designed tool and procedure are applied to friction stir seal weld (FSSW) tube-tubesheet joints. The effects of process conditions such as welding speed and tool offset on dependent process parameters including welding loads and joint quality are investigated on a 600-series aluminum three-tube test cell. The results revealed that the quality of the seal weld of tube-tubesheet joints is affected by the preceding parameters at different levels.
Spiral Flow Separator (1993)

Proposed liquid-separating device relies on centrifugal force in liquid/liquid or liquid/solid mixture in spiral path. Operates in continuous flow at relatively high rates. Spiral tubes joined in sequence, with outlet tubes connected to joints. Cross-sectional areas of successive spiral tubes decreases by cross-sectional areas of outlet tubes. Centrifugal force pushes denser particles or liquids to outer edge of spiral, where removed from flow. Principle exploited to separate solids from wastewater, oil from fresh or salt water, or contaminants from salt water before evaporation. Also used to extract such valuable materials as precious metals from slurries.
Broadband Inlet Liner Design for the DGEN Aero-propulsion Research Turbofan (2018)

The utilization of advanced fan designs (including higher bypass ratios) and shorter engine nacelles has highlighted a need for increased fan noise reduction over a broad frequency range. With these observations in mind, an acoustic liner optimization process has been developed to achieve improved broadband liner designs. A series of advanced liner design studies at increasing technology readiness levels has been conducted as the overall optimization methodology has been enhanced. In this work, further validation was pursued through the fabrication and testing of two liner designs for the NASA Glenn DGEN Aero-propulsion Research Turbofan. Specifically, single and three layer liners were designed, fabricated, and tested. Analysis of the predicted attenuation results showed them to generally match expected trends for the conditions considered. The effects of source distribution on predicted directivity were also illustrated through the flexibility of a statistical source model. As part of the analysis, the overall design and evaluation capability was extended such that external observer locations may be included in the optimization process. This enhancement will provide a much wider design space for the development of advanced broadband liners. These preliminary results provide further confidence in the design tools and enhancements made to the overall liner design process.
High toughness-high strength iron alloy. [10 to 16% Ni, 0. 1 to 1. 0% Al, 0 to 3% of at least one of Cv, La, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Y, Zr, rare earths] (1977)

A steel alloy is provided which exhibits excellent strength and toughness characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. The alloy consists essentially of about 10 to 16 percent by weight nickel, about 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight aluminum, and 0 to about 3 percent by weight of at least one of the following additional elements: copper, lanthanum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium and the rare earth metals, with the balance being essentially iron. The steel alloy is produced by a process which includes using cold rolling at room temperature and subsequent heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 500 to 650 C, and possesses a fracture toughness ranging from 200 to 230 ksi and yield strengths up to 230 ksi.
Iron-Catalyzed Selective Biaryl Coupling:  Remarkable Suppression of Homocoupling by the Fluoride Anion (2007)

In the presence of iron(III) fluoride and 1,3-bis(2,6-di-i-propylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride, aryl magnesium bromides react with aryl chlorides to give the corresponding cross-coupling products, unsymmetrical biaryls, in good to excellent yields.
CHoG: Compressed histogram of gradients A low bit-rate feature descriptor (2009)

Establishing visual correspondences is an essential component of many computer vision problems, and is often done with robust, local feature-descriptors. Transmission and storage of these descriptors are of critical importance in the context of mobile distributed camera networks and large indexing problems. We propose a framework for computing low bit-rate feature descriptors with a 20× reduction in bit rate. The framework is low complexity and has significant speed-up in the matching stage. We represent gradient histograms as tree structures which can be efficiently compressed. We show how to efficiently compute distances between descriptors in their compressed representation eliminating the need for decoding. We perform a comprehensive performance comparison with SIFT, SURF, and other low bit-rate descriptors and show that our proposed CHoG descriptor outperforms existing schemes.
Detection of Turner Syndrome Using High-Throughput Quantitative Genotyping (2005)

These results suggest that inexpensive high-throughput screening is possible for TS and other sex chromosome disorders using quantitative genotyping approaches.
Fluorescence Tomography using Temperature Modulation via HIFU (2012)

We describe a novel approach termed "temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography" that can acquire fluorescence images at focused ultrasound resolution. By utilizing recently emerged temperature sensitive fluorescence contrast agents, this technique provides fluorescence images with high spatial resolution.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin as a Bridge to Timely Revascularization in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease – an Update of the Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease II Trial (2000)

This article summarizes the design and findings -- both at 3 months and at 1 year follow-up -- of the Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) II trial. This multicentre randomized trial compared both an early invasive with an early non-invasive stategy, and prolonged treatment with dalteparin as opposed to placebo, in patients with unstable coronary artery disease. The results show that an early invasive strategy with coronary angiography and, if appropriate, revascularization procedures within 7 days after admission reduces the subsequent rate of mortality and myocardial infarction. The benefits of the invasive treatment were noticeably more marked in patients with any high-risk indicator -- for example, male gender, age above 65 years, previous severe angina, or signs of ischaemia (ST depression on ECG) or of myocardial damage (elevated levels of troponin T). Treatment with dalteparin reduced the risk of death and myocardial infarction in high-risk (i.e. troponin-positive) patients, particularly during the first month of treatment. However, continuation with dalteparin therapy after revascularization procedures conferred no benefit. It is concluded that extended treatment with dalteparin is useful as a bridge to revascularization in this high-risk subgroup of patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
Mucosa‐associated bacteria in ulcerative colitis before and after antibiotic combination therapy (2005)

Antibiotics combination therapy was effective for ulcerative colitis. The number of mucosa-associated F. varium significantly decreased after the treatment.