gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub> Nano-octahedrons and Nanorods: Investigation of the Morphology Evolution (2008)

Uniform single-crystalline CeO2 nano-octahedrons and nanorods were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal synthesis process only using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as cerium resource and Na3PO4·6H2O as mineralizer, into which no surfactant or template was introduced. By tuning the hydrothermal treatment time, the morphology evolution between the nano-octahedron and nanorod was observed. Furthermore, the synthesizing mechanism and the morphological evolution of different shapes were investigated. Unlike traditional hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2 nanostructures using strong base as precipitant, Na3PO4 does not leave any impurity in the hydrothermal reaction system and makes the process very simple to obtain and separate the octahedral and rodlike morphology.
Terrain-Referenced Navigation using an Interferometric Radar Altimeter (2018)

This paper addresses measurement models in a particle filter for application in terrain-referenced navigation using an interferometric radar altimeter (IRA). We propose a novel method for utilizing an IRA in a terrain-referenced navigation system based on the fact that an IRA provides accurate three-dimensional measurement of the closest target point on the ground. The proposed measurement model searches for the closest point on an on-board digital elevation model and constructs an estimated measurement to calculate the measurement residual. Comparative simulation analysis with an existing method shows the proposed method provides outstanding navigation performance in terms of root mean square position error. The proposed method yields positioning solutions with an average root mean square error less than 3 m whereas that of the existing method is more than 11 m using a virtual digital elevation model fulfilling the HRTI-3 specification. Simulation results on the effects of terrain roughness, cruising altitude, sampling frequency, and magnitudes of inertial navigation system/barometer biases are also presented. © 2018 Institute of Navigation
Multicore processor cluster based sleep transistor sizing considering delay profile (2009)

This paper proposed a novel method to size the sleep transistor by considering the slack time of the gates in non-critical path in delay profile. The circuit topology was considered to calculate the switching factor, which consequently gave us a more accurate estimation of gates' discharge current. We implemented our method on a 4-bit adder. The proposed switching factor calculation could provide a more accurate estimation of switching current. In consideration of the slack time based on the delay profile, the equivalent worst case discharge current can be reduced, so that the number and the total size of sleep transistors can be dramatically reduced. In theory, the size of sleep transistor can be saved by up to a factor of 3, depending upon the design. In this paper, we also extended the sleep transistor sizing techniques into general multicore architecture. As an example, we modeled nine cores in design. Each core is assumed with different speed degradation allowed to process work loads with various performance requirements. Thus, a balanced design between power dissipation and circuit performance can be maintained.
A strategy to discover decoy chemokine ligands with an anti-inflammatory activity (2015)

Excessive signaling by chemokines has been associated with chronic inflammation or cancer, thus attracting substantial attention as promising therapeutic targets. Inspired by chemokine-clearing molecules shaped by pathogens to escape the immune system, we designed a generic screening assay to discover chemokine neutralizing molecules (neutraligands) and unambiguously distinguish them from molecules that block the receptor (receptor antagonists). This assay, called TRIC-r, combines time-resolved intracellular calcium recordings with pre-incubation of bioactive compounds either with the chemokine or the receptor-expressing cells. We describe here the identification of high affinity neutraligands of CCL17 and CCL22, two chemokines involved in the Th2-type of lung inflammation. The decoy molecules inhibit in vitro CCL17- or CCL22-induced intracellular calcium responses, CCR4 endocytosis and human T cell migration. In vivo, they inhibit inflammation in a murine model of asthma, in particular the recruitment of eosinophils, dendritic cells and CD4(+)T cells. Altogether, we developed a successful strategy to discover as new class of pharmacological tools to potently control cell chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo.
Preparation of Water-Based Carbon Nanotube Inks and Application in the Inkjet Printing of Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors (2013)

Water-based carbon nanotube (CNT) is highly desirable for inkjet printing devices due to its environmentally benign and low-cost features. To improve the dispersion of CNT in water, oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced into the surface of CNT via an acid oxidation process. The CNT-based gas sensor is fabricated by inkjet printing, which shows a high sensitivity toward NO2. The application of inkjet-printed CNT in a printed RF antenna for wireless sensing is also discussed.
Treatment of Severe Mucositis Pain with Oral Ketamine Mouthwash (2016)

Mucositis pain has significant quality of life and clinical consequences. Ketamine oral rinses have been reported to be effective with minimal adverse effects in published case reports and series. We conducted a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine mouthwashes on pain control for severe mucositis. Adult patients with chemotherapy-associated grade 3/4 oral mucositis according the World Health Organization criteria were included. Treatment consisted of ketamine mouthwash 20mg/5ml swish/spit scheduled four times daily and also q4 hrsprn. The primary endpoint was reduction in mucositis pain scores from baseline (1 to 10; 10 being worst pain) at rest and while swallowing. Assessments were done one hour after first dose and daily thereafter. Baseline and daily sleep quality assessments (1 to 10; 10 being best sleep), usage of narcotic analgesics and oral lidocaine were measured. All narcotics were converted to IV morphine equivalents per 24 hours for comparison. Safety and tolerability were assessed. From February 2012 through July 2015, 30 patients were enrolled and a total of 136 assessments were conducted. Baseline demographics are in Table 1. Patients received a mean of 3.5 doses of ketamine per patient/day. Lidocaine-based oral solutions were used by 90% (n=27), averaging 2.6 doses per patient/day. At the 1hr assessment, a median reduction in pain score of 2 was noted while at rest (from 6 to 4) and 3 when swallowing (from 9 to 6). Pain scores continued to trend down for subsequent days with median scores of 5, 3, and 3 at rest and 8, 5, and 4 when swallowing for days 1, 2, and 3 respectively (Figure 1). Baseline sleep quality was a median of 5 and improved to 6 on day 1. Sleep quality remained stable above 6 with median scores of 6, 6.5, and 6 on days 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The median daily requirement of IV morphine equivalents was reduced from 46 mg at baseline to 34 mg on Day 1, and then further reduced to 24 mg by day 3. Amount of oral lidocaine solutions used was reduced by a median of 2 doses per day by day 3, with a reduction from 3 to 1. One patient (3%) was withdrawn from the study due to increased confusion, thought to be due to IV narcotics and sepsis. Oral ketamine mouthwashes provide a safe and feasible alternative for mucositis pain. Ketamine use resulted in a clinically meaningful reduction in pain scores, improved sleep quality, and reduced narcotic and oral lidocaine utilization.
3. Glycemic Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2011)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome of metabolic dysregulation. Common features include defective insulin secretion, insulin resistance and fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Frequent correlates are obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hypertension. Type 2 DM causes substantial morbidity and mortality, primarily by increasing rates of cardiovascular disease, but also through microvascular damage to the retina, renal glomeruli and tubules, and the peripheral nervous system. Thus, type 2 DM is one of the leading public health burdens in the United States and increasingly worldwide. Information accumulated over the past several decades supports the efficacy of combination treatment of blood pressure, lipids and glucose to prevent diabetic complications. Prior to the 1990s specific diabetes therapy in the United States was limited mostly to insulin and sulfonylurea drugs. Over the past 20 years there has been rapid growth in the number of glucose lowering medications, including drugs that work through distinct and potentially complementary mechanisms. Progress in pharmacologic development has expanded the options for physicians and their patients, and likely contributed to steady improvements in glycemic control (1). Increasingly, treatment approaches can be tailored to patients to limit side effects or interactions with other medications. While not yet a reality, the recent trends in diabetes therapeutics raise the possibility that in the future drug therapy might be targeted for patients based on an understanding of their specific disease characteristics. This personalized approach to management is particularly apt for type 2 DM because of the range of pathophysiologic abnormalities contributing to the disorder. This chapter will focus on the glycemic management of type 2 DM, and emphasize recent findings, the range of medications now available and ongoing controversies in patient management.
Fourier-Transform Ghost Imaging with Hard X Rays (2016)

Knowledge gained through x-ray crystallography fostered structural determination of materials and greatly facilitated the development of modern science and technology in the past century. However, it is only applied to crystalline structures and cannot resolve noncrystalline materials. Here we demonstrate a novel lensless Fourier-transform ghost imaging method with pseudothermal hard x rays that extends x-ray crystallography to noncrystalline samples. By measuring the second-order intensity correlation function of the light, Fourier-transform diffraction pattern of a complex amplitude sample is achieved at the Fresnel region in our experiment and the amplitude and phase distributions of the sample in the spatial domain are retrieved successfully. For the first time, ghost imaging is experimentally realized with x rays. Since a highly coherent x-ray source is not required, the method can be implemented with laboratory x-ray sources and it also provides a potential solution for lensless diffraction imaging with fermions, such as neutrons and electrons where intensive coherent sources usually are not available.
Motivational Factors in Abortion Patients (1973)

Ninety-nine single white pregnant women seeking abortion were compared with 79 single nonpregnant women of similar background. Most of the women in both groups were college students. Of the pregnant group, 40 percent were found to have motivational factors that may have influenced the occurrence of the pregnancy, such as guilt over use of contraception, a severe acting-out character disorder, or reactions to loss. Psychological testing showed that the pregnant group rated themselves as more impulsive and as tending to externalize aggression. Knowledge of and access to contraception was similar in the two groups. The authors draw inferences from their study as to the most useful kinds of sex education programs colleges might undertake.
Where Should We Start and What Could We Do?: Asian Performance and Pedagogy (2016)

In this paper, I offer reflections on the challenges and  strategies involved in teaching Asian performance to non-conservatory students in North America. With specific case studies drawn from courses that I have taught, I discuss pedagogical approaches in three areas: 1) strategies of using interaction among the multiple aspects of language, musicality, costumes, scenery, and use of space to nurture student awareness of foreign aesthetics in both visual and aural dimensions; 2) evolvement of project design that takes advantage of textual analysis to foster critical thinking in dealing with foreign ideology; and 3) challenges and strategies to strengthen students’ oral communicative skills with regard to Asian performance in an academic context.
Stimulation with Estrogen and Progesterone of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Releasing Hormone Release from Perifused Adult Female Rat Hypothalami: Correlation with the LH Surge* (1984)

The effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) in vivo and P in vitro on LHRH release from perifused preoptic area-medial basal hypothalamus (POA-MBH) tissue fragments were assessed. In the first series of experiments, ovariectomized female rats were given either 10 or 30 micrograms EB on day 0, followed by either oil or 5 mg P at 1000 h on day 2. Rats were killed at 2-h intervals after P or oil injection, and the POA-MBH from these rats were incubated in a perifusion system. LHRH release from the POA-MBH of rats primed with either 10 or 30 micrograms EB displayed similar patterns; from a basal rate at 1200 and 1400 h, LHRH secretion rose to significantly higher levels at 1600 and 1800 h. This increase in LHRH release in vitro was evident from the POA-MBH obtained just before and during the afternoon LH rise in vivo. On the other hand, the LHRH secretion pattern in vitro was different in two ways when rats were treated additionally with P. First, LHRH output was significantly higher at 1200 and 1400 h than that in rats treated with 10 or 30 micrograms EB only; this pattern was maintained later at 1600 and 1800 h from the POA-MBH of rats primed with 30 micrograms EB. Second, within the EB/P-treated (EBP) group, significant elevations in the LHRH output occurred from the POA-MBH obtained at 1800 h when rats were in the midst of the LH surge. In the other series of experiments, the POA-MBH of the EB-primed rats (30 micrograms/rat) were perifused with P (10 ng/ml) or vehicle for 6 h. The mean LHRH release during the 6-h interval was significantly higher after P perifusion; the bulk of this rise was evident at 4 h. These studies show that in vitro, the LHRH output of the POA-MBH from the EB- or EBP-treated rats varies significantly during the day and that the POA-MBH of EB-treated rats secretes large amounts of LHRH in vitro, which correlate well with the afternoon LH rise. In addition, treatment with P in vivo changes the in vitro pattern of LHRH output from the POA-MBH of these EB-primed rats, whereas superfusion of P in vitro induces only a marginal stimulation of LHRH release.
FETAL PIG PANCREAS PREPARATION AND ASSESSMENT OF TISSUE FOR TRANSPLANTATION, AND ITS IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION IN ATHYMIC (NUDE) MICE (1990)

The possibility of using xenogeneic islets for transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) necessitates characterization of their potential for growth and functional differentiation. Fetal pig pancreas (FPP) of various gestational ages was examined with respect to morphology, ability to produce insulin before and during culture, and development and function in nude mice. Insulin-containing beta cells were present, but distinct islets were not apparent in FPP even in late gestation, and did not develop during culture. FPP remained viable and produced insulin for up to 30 days in vitro. Mitotic figures were seen in cultured tissue. Culture on a gelfoam raft resulted in more viable tissue than free-floating culture. Culture in a high concentration of O2 (90% O2/10% CO2) was detrimental compared with culture in 10% CO2 in air. Responses to static incubation in secretagogues showed that IMBX, theophylline, and tolbutamide all stimulated insulin secretion, but high glucose concentration (5 g/L), arginine, and leucine did not. The potential of this tissue for growth and its ability to regulate blood glucose levels appropriately were tested in athymic (nu/nu) mice. Pancreatic tissue from fetuses as young as 4 weeks gestation showed growth after transplantation into athymic mice, with representation of the major pancreatic endocrine cells demonstrated by selective immunochemical staining. The increase in the size of the grafts showed an impressive proliferative capacity, and histology confirmed mitotic activity and islet structure in the graft. The amount of endocrine tissue in grafts reflected the condition of the explants at the time of grafting, and prolonged culture times were detrimental to eventual graft size. Functional capability of the grafted FPP to release insulin in response to hyperglycemia was tested by transplantation into mice made diabetic with streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels, animal weights and survival, and the histological appearance of the tissue after graft nephrectomy indicated that either fresh tissue or tissue cultured for up to 8 days (Gelfoam; 10% CO2 in air) had better eventual graft function then FPP grown in 90% O2 or transplanted as a secondary graft following an interim period to allow gestational maturation in a nondiabetic nu/nu host. Return to euglycemia took 3-4 months after transplantation of FPP. The in vitro characteristics of FPP are similar to those reported for human fetal tissue, and since FPP is capable of growth and proliferation in vivo and has the ability to normalize hyperglycemia, further investigation of FPP to establish its suitability as a source of xenogeneic insulin-secreting tissue for human transplantation is warranted.
Efficacy of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on moderate to severe dyspareunia and vaginal dryness, symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, and of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (2018)

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to confirm the local beneficial effects of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, Prasterone) on moderate to severe dyspareunia or pain at sexual activity, the most frequent symptom of vulvovaginal atrophy due to menopause or genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial, the effect of daily intravaginal 0.50% DHEA (6.5 mg) (Prasterone, EndoCeutics) was examined on four coprimary objectives, namely percentage of parabasal cells, percentage or superficial cells, vaginal pH, and moderate to severe pain at sexual activity (dyspareunia) identified by the women as their most bothersome vulvovaginal atrophy symptom. The intent-to-treat population included 157 and 325 women in the placebo and DHEA-treated groups, respectively. Results: After daily intravaginal administration of 0.50% DHEA for 12 weeks, when compared to baseline by the analysis of covariance test, the percentage of parabasal cells decreased by 27.7% over placebo ( P < 0.0001), whereas the percentage of superficial cells increased by 8.44% over placebo ( P < 0.0001), vaginal pH decreased by 0.66 pH unit over placebo ( P < 0.0001), and pain at sexual activity decreased by 1.42 severity score unit from baseline or 0.36 unit over placebo ( P = 0.0002). On the other hand, moderate to severe vaginal dryness present in 84.0% of women improved at 12 weeks by 1.44 severity score unit compared to baseline, or 0.27 unit over placebo ( P = 0.004). At gynecological evaluation, vaginal secretions, epithelial integrity, epithelial surface thickness, and color all improved by 86% to 121% over the placebo effect ( P < 0.0001 for all comparisons with placebo). Serum steroid levels remained well within the normal postmenopausal values according to the involved mechanisms of intracrinology. The only side effect reasonably related to treatment is vaginal discharge due to melting of the vehicle at body temperature and this was reported in about 6% of the participants. Conclusions: The daily intravaginal administration of 0.50% (6.5 mg) DHEA (Prasterone) has shown clinically and highly statistically significant effects on the four coprimary parameters suggested by the US Food and Drug Administration. The strictly local action of Prasterone is in line with the absence of significant drug-related adverse events, thus showing the high benefit-to-risk ratio of this treatment based upon the novel understanding of the physiology of sex steroids in women.
Flame Kernel Development for a Spark Initiated Pre-Chamber Combustion System Capable of High Load, High Efficiency and Near Zero NOx Emissions (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Turbulent Jet Ignition is an advanced spark-initiated pre-chamber combustion system for an otherwise standard spark ignition engine found in current on-road vehicles. This next-generation pre-chamber design simply replaces the spark plug in a conventional spark ignition engine. Turbulent Jet Ignition enables very fast burn rates due to the ignition system producing multiple, widely distributed ignition sites, which consume the main charge rapidly. This high energy ignition system results from the partially combusted (reacting) pre-chamber products initiating main chamber combustion. The fast burn rates allow for increased levels of dilution (lean burn and/or EGR) when compared to conventional spark ignition combustion, with dilution levels being comparable to other low temperature combustion technologies (HCCI) without the complex control drawbacks.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Previous Turbulent Jet Ignition experimental results have highlighted peak net indicated thermal efficiency values of 42% in a standard modern engine platform. Additionally, the pre-chamber combustion system is capable of tolerating up to 54% mass fraction diluent (excess air and EGR) at the worldwide mapping point of 1500 rev/min, 3.3 bar IMEPn (~2.62 bar BMEP), resulting in an 18% improvement in fuel economy and near-zero engine-out NOx emissions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses on single-cylinder experiments at the worldwide mapping point, which attempted to extend the dilution level further by altering the flame kernel development inside the very small but rich pre-chamber environment. Turbulent Jet Ignition experiments incorporated previous techniques found to affect the dilution limits in conventional spark ignition combustions systems. This included variations in spark plug type, orientation, location and electrode gap for the spark plug-initiated pre-chamber combustion system. Experimental results highlighted that the pre-chamber combustion system is quite robust and largely unaffected by these changes, unlike conventional spark ignition combustion, as long as combustion inside the pre-chamber can be initiated. This occurs as combustion in the heavily diluted main chamber is driven by the chemical, thermal and turbulence effects of the propagating jet exiting the pre-chamber and not the flame front itself. Nevertheless, experiments found that eliminating the dead volume near the spark plug inside the pre-chamber, was beneficial in reducing the trapped residuals and thus enabled the dilution level to be slightly improved from an exhaust lambda of 2.08 to 2.14 (54 to 56% mass fraction diluent).</div></div>
Circularly polarised higher-order rectangular dielectric-resonatorantenna (1996)

A circularly polarised, rectangular, low-profile, dielectric-resonator antenna is presented which is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line through a single aperture. The measured 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth in the boresight direction is 14.35 – 14.80 GHz (3%). At 14.75 GHz, the input |s11| is -28 dB; the measured pattern in one elevation plane decreases with increasing thetas but the axial ratio is close to 3 dB over 110°; in the orthogonal elevation plane, the axial ratio increases more rapidly with thetas.