gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Dual Modality Positron Emission Tomography and Fluorescence Imaging Agent for Monoclonal Antibody Tumor-Targeted Imaging (2007)

A novel lysine-based trifunctional chelate 3 was designed, synthesized, and characterized and bears both a chelating moiety (CHX-A' ') for sequestering radiometals (86Y or 111In) and the near-infrared dye Cy5.5 for dual modality PET (or SPECT) and fluorescence imaging, respectively. Successful conjugation of 3 to the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) was achieved by efficient thiol-maleimide chemistry, thereby yielding immunoconjugate 2. Analysis of 2 by flow cytometry and competitive binding assay demonstrates that immunoconjugate 2 binds to SKOV3 tumor cells comparably to native trastuzumab and, thus, may be used as a tumor-targeted monoclonal antibody probe for multimodality imaging.
Regulation of Integrin Function by the Urokinase Receptor (1996)

Integrin function is central to inflammation, immunity, and tumor progression. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and integrins formed stable complexes that both inhibited native integrin adhesive function and promoted adhesion to vitronectin via a ligand binding site on uPAR. Interaction of soluble uPAR with the active conformer of integrins mimicked the inhibitory effects of membrane uPAR. Both uPAR-mediated adhesion and altered integrin function were blocked by a peptide that bound to uPAR and disrupted complexes. These data provide a paradigm for regulation of integrins in which a nonintegrin membrane receptor interacts with and modifies the function of activated integrins.
Fabrication of Microelectrode Arrays Having High-Aspect-Ratio Microwires (2003)

A method is described for the fabrication of arrays of conducting, high-aspect-ratio microelectrodes. The microelectrode arrays are fabricated by electrochemical deposition of metals, including Ni, Pt, and Rh, in microchannel glass templates having parallel, uniform, hollow channels. The metals completely fill the hollow channels, yielding highly uniform, 5.5-μm-diameter microelectrodes with aspect ratios up to 500. The microelectrodes are electrically insulated from one another by the glass template and the surface area of each array is >1 cm2. The surface of the electrode arrays can be polished to provide an array of disk electrodes or it can be etched with acid to remove the glass surrounding the electrodes, exposing an array of bare, solid wires. The high-aspect-ratio microelectrode arrays were fabricated to provide the electrical interface with an intraocular retinal prosthesis. The properties of the solid wire, metal microelectrode arrays are also well-suited for use in electrochemical trace analysis and implantable neuro-prosthetic devices.
THE SEPARATION OF ISOPROPYL ETHER FROM METHYL ETHYL KETONE BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION (1984)

Abstract Isopropyl ether (IPE) cannot be completely separated from its mixtures with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. However these two can be readily separated by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are: ethylene carbonate; adiponitrile and 1,4-butanediol; sulfolane, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and triethylene glycol. KEYWORDS: Extractive distillationIsopropyl etherSeparationMethyl ethyl ketone
Front Microrheology of Biological Fluids (2018)

We present a study of front microrheology through the development of a microfluidic device and method that describes accurately the non-linear rheology of blood, by means of a simple optical detection method based on tracking the fluid-air interface moving inside a microchannel. We study the behavior of Newtonian fluids of different viscosities and densities, as well, we performed measures for blood at different red blood cells concentration and at different days from its extraction. We have developed a scaling method which allows us to determine a relation between the red blood cell properties at different days from its extraction, according to the agreggation properties of red blood cell. Our results have been compared with theoretical and bibliographical results, which shows realiable results with an error around 6%. In general, our device and method is usefull as a viscometer and rheometer, as well as, it enables to establish a relation between blood viscosity and its red blood cells characteristics.
Rational design of a serum‐free culture medium for the growth of human myoblasts destined to cell therapy (2016)

Abstract Cellular therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is currently showing encouraging results. However, there is still no serum‐free medium that allows multiplying functional myoblasts, the cells required for this therapy, obtained from healthy donors, in sufficient number. A systematic screen for a defined culture medium that would allow expanding fully functional human myoblasts at the same rate and to the same extent as the existing serum‐containing medium has been undertaken. To this end, 6 basal media and more than 60 defined additives have been screened for their individual as well as synergistic effects. The medium developed in this study permits a 12‐log expansion of human myoblasts over a 60‐day period. The cells obtained have the same capacity to fuse and form myofibres as myoblasts multiplied in serum‐containing medium.
Spatial Modulation Improves Performance in CTIS (2009)

Suitably formulated spatial modulation of a scene imaged by a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) has been found to be useful as a means of improving the imaging performance of the CTIS. As used here, "spatial modulation" signifies the imposition of additional, artificial structure on a scene from within the CTIS optics. The basic principles of a CTIS were described in "Improvements in Computed- Tomography Imaging Spectrometry" (NPO-20561) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 24, No. 12 (December 2000), page 38 and "All-Reflective Computed-Tomography Imaging Spectrometers" (NPO-20836), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 26, No. 11 (November 2002), page 7a. To recapitulate: A CTIS offers capabilities for imaging a scene with spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The spectral disperser in a CTIS is a two-dimensional diffraction grating. It is positioned between two relay lenses (or on one of two relay mirrors) in a video imaging system. If the disperser were removed, the system would produce ordinary images of the scene in its field of view. In the presence of the grating, the image on the focal plane of the system contains both spectral and spatial information because the multiple diffraction orders of the grating give rise to multiple, spectrally dispersed images of the scene. By use of algorithms adapted from computed tomography, the image on the focal plane can be processed into an image cube a three-dimensional collection of data on the image intensity as a function of the two spatial dimensions (x and y) in the scene and of wavelength (lambda). Thus, both spectrally and spatially resolved information on the scene at a given instant of time can be obtained, without scanning, from a single snapshot; this is what makes the CTIS such a potentially powerful tool for spatially, spectrally, and temporally resolved imaging. A CTIS performs poorly in imaging some types of scenes in particular, scenes that contain little spatial or spectral variation. The computed spectra of such scenes tend to approximate correct values to within acceptably small errors near the edges of the field of view but to be poor approximations away from the edges. The additional structure imposed on a scene according to the present method enables the CTIS algorithms to reconstruct acceptable approximations of the spectral data throughout the scene.
Temporal multiplexing radiography for dynamic x-ray imaging (2009)

All current x-ray imaging devices acquire images sequentially, one at a time. Using a spatially distributed multibeam x-ray source we recently demonstrated the feasibility for multiplexing x-ray imaging, which can significantly increase the data collection speed. Here we present a general methodology for dynamic x-ray imaging of an object in cyclic motion with temporal multiplexing. Compared to the conventional sequential imaging technique, where 2N-1 phase images are required and N exposures are needed for a single phase image, a temporal multiplexing of dimension 2N-1 can reduce the imaging time by a factor of N while maintaining the temporal resolution.
Platelet quality measured with dynamic light scattering correlates with transfusion outcome in hematologic malignancies (2009)

BACKGROUND: A clinically meaningful test for platelet (PLT) quality could improve the transfusion management of patients. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether a new measure of PLT quality and function based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) correlates with transfusion outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For a total of 160 transfusions, the pretransfusion, 1 hour posttransfusion, and 24-hour posttransfusion PLT counts were routinely measured in 49 patients (31 male, 18 female; age 46 ± 15 years) with hematologic malignancies. The corrected count increments (CCIs) at 1 hour (PLT recovery) and 24 hours (PLT survival) were calculated and used as the transfusion outcome measures. The ThromboLUX score (LightIntegra Technology, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada; range, 0-40; cutoff, 12) and the PLT morphology score of the PLT concentrates were determined and compared to transfusion outcome. RESULTS: The CCIs and ThromboLUX scores were normally distributed and showed a strong correlation (n = 96, in the mixed regression model the adjusted coefficient is R = 0.6292, p < 0.0001), while other variables such as product type, age, and microscopic PLT morphology score were not correlated with transfusion outcome (p > 0.05). Importantly, 12 of 96 transfusions with poor PLT quality were clinically ineffective, that is, did not adequately increase the PLT counts in the recipients. One patient died after receiving three consecutive ineffective PLT transfusions with a low ThromboLUX score. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, the ThromboLUX score strongly correlated with transfusion outcome (PLT recovery and survival) independent of clinical and product issues.
Indirect Estimation of Clastic Reservoir Rock Grain Size from Wireline Logs Using a Supervised Nearest Neighbor Algorithm: Preliminary Results (2021)

Abstract Reservoir rock textural properties such as grain size are typically estimated by direct visual observation of the physical texture of core samples. Grain size is one of the important inputs to petrophysical characterization, sedimentological facies classification, identification of depositional environments, and saturation models. A continuous log of grain size distribution over targeted reservoir sections is usually required for these applications. Core descriptions are typically not available over an entire targeted reservoir section. Physical core data may also be damaged during retrieval or due to plugging. Alternative methods proposed in literature are not sustainable due to their limitations in terms of input data requirements and inflexibility to apply them in environments with different geological settings. This paper presents the preliminary results of our investigation of a new methodology based on machine learning technology to complement and enhance the traditional core description and the alternative methods. We developed and optimized supervised machine learning models comprising K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machines (SVM), and decision tree (DT) to indirectly estimate reservoir rock grain size for a new well or targeted reservoir sections from historical wireline logs and archival core descriptions. We used anonymized datasets consisting of nine wells from a clastic reservoir. Seven of the wells were used to train and optimize the models while the remaining two were reserved for validation. The grain size types range from clay to pebbles. The performance of the models confirmed the feasibility of this approach. The KNN, SVM, and DT models demonstrated the capability to estimate the grain size for the test wells by matching actual data with a minimum of 60% and close to 80% accuracy. This is an accomplishment taking into account the uncertainties inherent in the core analysis data. Further analysis of the results showed that the KNN model is the most accurate in performance compared to the other models. For future studies, we will explore more advanced classification algorithms and implement new class labeling strategies to improve the accuracy of this methodology. The attainment of this objective will further help to handle the complexity in the grain size estimation challenge and reduce the current turnaround time for core description.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray investigation of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (1990)

Crystals of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been grown from solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1); the axes are a = 45.5(1), b = 58.7(1) and c = 127.3(1) A. The crystals are stable to x-rays for at least 3 days and diffract beyond 2.8-A resolution. Although the molecule exists as a monomer in solution, it crystallizes with two or three molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Ride Blending Control for Electric Vehicles (2019)

Vehicles equipped with in-wheel motors (IWMs) feature advanced control functions that allow for enhanced vehicle dynamics and stability. However, these improvements occur to the detriment of ride comfort due to the increased unsprung mass. This study investigates the driving comfort enhancement in electric vehicles that can be achieved through blended control of IWMs and active suspensions (ASs). The term “ride blending”, coined in a previous authors’ work and herein retained, is proposed by analogy with the brake blending to identify the blended action of IWMs and ASs. In the present work, the superior performance of the ride blending control is demonstrated against several driving manoeuvres typically used for the evaluation of the ride quality. The effectiveness of the proposed ride blending control is confirmed by the improved key performance indexes associated with driving comfort and active safety. The simulation results refer to the comparison of the conventional sport utility vehicle (SUV) equipped with a passive suspension system and its electric version provided with ride blending control. The simulation analysis is conducted with an experimentally validated vehicle model in CarMaker® and MATLAB/Simulink co-simulation environment including high-fidelity vehicle subsystems models.
Inversion on Reflected Seismic Wave (2012)

Full waveform inversion has been successful in building high resolution velocity models for shallow layers. To be successful, it requires refracted waves or low frequencies in the reflection/refraction data. We revisit full waveform inversion theory in hopes of relaxing the dependence on low frequency reflections. We implement an approach allowing the updating of long wavelength components of the velocity model affecting the reflected arrivals even with absence of low frequency in the input data. Our tactic is based on a non-linear iterative relaxation approach where short and long wavelength components of the velocity model are updated alternatively. We study theoretically the associated Fréchet derivatives and gradients and discussed how and why such a strategy improves the resolution that we can expect from full waveform inversion. The kernel of our approach is very similar to the algorithm of migration based travel time tomography proposed by Chavent et al. (1994). Finally we present a preliminary 2D application to a 2D Gulf of Mexico conventional streamer dataset.
Water‐Soluble Nanocrystals Through Dual‐Interaction Ligands (2008)

No fear of water: Hydrophobic nanocrystals (NCs) are converted into hydrophilic ones by dual-interaction ligands, which bind onto the surface of NCs by coordinate bonding and hydrophobic van der Waals interactions. The resulting NCs have high stability in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range (1–14), salt concentrations, and thermal treatments. Quantum dots coated with these ligands are excellent fluorescence labels for immunostaining tests. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800434_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<i>In vitro</i>antifungal synergy between amphiphilic aminoglycoside K20 and azoles against<i>Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2015)

Several azoles are widely used to treat human fungal infections. Increasing resistance to these azoles has prompted exploration of their synergistic antifungal activities when combined with other agents. The amphiphilic aminoglycoside, K20, was recently shown to inhibit filamentous fungi, yeasts and heterokonts, but not bacteria. In this study, in vitro synergistic growth inhibition by combinations of K20 and azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, or posaconazole) were examined against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. Checkerboard microbroth dilution, time-kill curve, and disk diffusion assays revealed that K20 has synergistic inhibitory activities with all five azoles against C. albicans including azole-resistant C. albicans strains ATCC 64124 and ATCC 10231. Four (fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, posaconazole) and three (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole) azoles were synergistically inhibitory with K20 against C. lusitaniae and C. tropicalis, respectively. Only posaconazole showed synergy with K20 against two Cryptococcus neoformans strains (90-26 and VR-54). Time-kill curves with azole-resistant C. albicans 64124 and azole-sensitive C. albicans MYA-2876 confirmed the K20-azole synergistic interactions with a ≥ 2 log10 decrease in colony-forming units (CFU)/ml compared with the corresponding azoles alone. These results suggest that combinations of K20 and azoles offer a possible strategy for developing therapies against candidiasis.
Short-pulse laser propagation through tissue medium for tumor detection (2006)

The objective of this paper is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of the short pulse laser interaction with tissue medium with the goal of tumor / cancer diagnostics. For short pulse laser source, the shape of output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium and hence the scattered temporal optical signal helps in understanding of the medium characteristics. Initially experiments are performed on tissue phantoms imbedded with inhomogeneities in order to optimize the time-resolved optical detection scheme. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected and transmitted optical signals are compared with the numerical modeling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete ordinates technique. Next experiments are performed on in vitro rat tissue samples to characterize the interaction of light with skin layers and to validate the time varying optical signatures with the numerical model. The numerical modeling results and the experimental measurements are in excellent agreement for the different parameters studied in this paper. The final step is to perform in vivo imaging of anaesthetized rats with tumor-promoting agents injected inside skin tissues in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique in detecting tumors in animal model.
Investigating the Effective Fracture Toughness of Heterogeneous Materials (2016)

Heterogeneous materials are ubiquitous in nature, and are increasingly being engineered to obtain desirable mechanical properties. Naturally, the bulk properties of a heterogeneous material can be different from those of its constituents. Thus, one needs to determine its overall or effective properties. For some of these properties, like effective elastic modulus, the characterization is well-known, while for other such as effective fracture toughness, it is a matter of ongoing research. In this paper, we present a method to measure the effective fracture toughness. For the method, we apply a time-dependent displacement condition called the surfing boundary condition. This boundary condition leads the crack to propagate steadily macroscopically but in an unconstrained manner microscopically. We then use the grid method, a non-contact full-field displacement measurement technique, to obtain the displacement gradient. With this field, we compute the macroscopic energy release rate via the area J-integral. Finally, we interpret the effective toughness as the peak of the energy release rate. Using this method, we investigate the influence of heterogeneity on effective fracture toughness. We find that the effective toughness can be enhanced due to the heterogeneity. Consequently, engineered heterogeneity may provide a means to improve fracture toughness in solids.
Robust active portfolio management (2008)

In this paper we construct robust models for active portfolio management ?in a market with transaction costs. The goal of these robust models is to control the impact of estimation errors in the values parameters on the performance of the portfolio strategy. Our models can handle a large class of piecewise convex transaction cost functions and allow one to impose additional side constraints such as bounds on the portfolio holdings, constraints on the portfolio beta and limits on cash and industry exposure. We show that the optimal portfolios can be computed by solving second-order cone programs – a class of optimization problems with a worst case complexity (ie, solution cost) that is comparable to that for solving convex quadratic programs (such as the Markowitz portfolio selection problem). We tested our robust strategies on real market data from September 1989 to August 2007 imposing realistic transaction costs. In these tests, the proposed robust active portfolio management strategies significantly outpe formed the S&P500 index without a significant increase in volatility.
Dynamic Surface Emitting Fiber Laser (2007)

We report on the conceptual framework and development of a radially surface-emitting fiber laser that is capable of dynamic tuning of both the gain medium position along the fiber axis and the direction of emission.