gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost effective video streaming using server push over HTTP 2.0 (2014)

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) has been widely adopted and deployed as the key protocol for video streaming over the Internet. One of the consequences of leveraging traditional HTTP for video streaming is the significantly increased request overhead due to the segmentation of the video content into HTTP resources. The overhead becomes even more significant when non-multiplexed video and audio segments are deployed. In this paper, we investigate and address the request overhead problem by employing the server push technology in the new HTTP 2.0 protocol. In particular, we develop a set of push strategies that actively deliver video and audio content from the HTTP server without requiring a request for each individual segment. We evaluate our approach in a Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) streaming system. We show that the request overhead can be significantly reduced by using our push strategies. Also, we validate that the server push based approach is compatible with the existing HTTP streaming features, such as adaptive bitrate switching.
Ultrathin gradient nonlinear metasurfaces with giant nonlinear response(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Extending the ‘flat optics’ paradigm to the nonlinear optics faces important challenges, since, for any practical situation, we are required to simultaneously achieve sub-diffraction phase control and efficient frequency conversion in metasurfaces of sub-wavelength thickness. Here, we experimentally demonstrate giant nonlinear response and continuous phase control of the giant nonlinear response in metasurfaces based on plasmonic nanoresonators coupled to intersubband transitions in semiconductor multi-quantum wells. Over 0.075% of second-harmonic power conversion efficiency is achieved experimentally in a 400-nm-thick metasurface using 10 microns wavelength pump with 20 kW/cm2 intensity.
Unexpected Role of Anionic Ligands in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes (2013)

Bigger and better: The replacement of anionic chloride ligands in Noyori-type [(diamine)(diphosphine)RuCl2 ] catalysts with bulky carboxylate ligands enabled the efficient selective hydrogenation of a variety of aldehydes under base-free conditions. Turnover numbers of up to 100 000 were reached in the presence of a bulky carboxylic acid co-catalyst. This type of catalytic system probably operates through an inner-sphere mechanism.
Position and force control of a vehicle with two or more steerable drive wheels (1992)

When a vehicle with two or more steerable drive wheels is traveling in a circle, the motion of the wheels is constrained. The wheel translational velocity divided by the radius to the center of rotation must be the same for all wheels. When the drive wheels are controlled independently using position control, the motion of the wheels may violate the constraints and the wheels may slip. Consequently, substantial errors can occur in the orientation of the vehicle. A vehicle with N drive wheels has (N - 1) constraints and one degree of freedom. We have developed a new approach to the control of a vehicle with N steerable drive wheels. The novel aspect of our approach is the use of force control. To control the vehicle, we have one degree of freedom for the position on the circle and (N - 1) forces that can be used to reduce errors. Recently, Kankaanranta and Koivo developed a control architecture that allows the force and position degrees of freedom to be decoupled. In the work of Kankaanranta and Koivo the force is an exogenous input. We have made the force endogenous by defining the force in terms of the errors in satisfying the rigid body kinematic constraints. We have applied the control architecture to the HERMIES-III robot and have measured a dramatic reduction in error (more than a factor of 20) compared to motions without force control.
Process for making low-sulfur and low-ash fuels. [7 claims] (1977)

Low-sulfur and low-ash gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels are made from coal by a process which first subjects the coal to solvent extraction and hydrotreatment under hydrodesulfurizing conditions in a coal liquefaction zone to reduce the organic sulfur content of the coal. The effluent is divided into a low-solids product which contains most of the extract and a high-solids product which contains most of the remaining inorganic sulfur and other mineral matter. The low-solids product stream which contains extract and solvent is subjected to a forming step to yield low-ash and low-sulfur pellets. The high-solids product stream is subjected to gasification to yield hydrogen for use in the liquefaction step. The process is particularly adapted to supply the energy needs of a steel plant, including the required coke. 7 claims, 2 figures.
Evaluation of soybean oil-aqueous ethanol microemulsions for diesel engines (1982)

Hybrid fuels, formed by microemulsifying aqueous ethanol in soybean oil, were evaluated by burning them in a diesel engine. No. 2 diesel fuel was also burned to provide baseline data. The hybrid fuels performed nearly as well as No. 2 diesel despite having lower cetane numbers and less energy content. At present, the hybrid fuels are more expensive than No. 2 diesel fuel and their effect on engine durability is unknown. 2 figures, 4 table.
Inhibition of Activated Protein C Anticoagulant Activity by Prothrombin (1999)

In this study, we test the hypothesis that prothrombin levels may modulate activated protein C (APC) anticoagulant activity. Prothrombin in purified systems or plasma dramatically inhibited the ability of APC to inactivate factor Va and to anticoagulate plasma. This was not due solely to competition for binding to the membrane surface, as prothrombin also inhibited factor Va inactivation by APC in the absence of a membrane surface. Compared with normal factor Va, inactivation of factor Va Leiden by APC was much less sensitive to prothrombin inhibition. This may account for the observation that the Leiden mutation has less of an effect on plasma-based clotting assays than would be predicted from the purified system. Reduction of protein C levels to 20% of normal constitutes a significant risk of thrombosis, yet these levels are observed in neonates and patients on oral anticoagulant therapy. In both situations, the correspondingly low prothrombin levels would result in an increased effectiveness of the remaining functional APC of ≈5-fold. Thus, while the protein C activation system is impaired by the reduction in protein C levels, the APC that is formed is a more effective anticoagulant, allowing protein C levels to be reduced without significant thrombotic risk. In situations where prothrombin is high and protein C levels are low, as in early stages of oral anticoagulant therapy, the reduction in protein C would result only in impaired function of the anticoagulant system, possibly explaining the tendency for warfarin-induced skin necrosis.
Overview of Seismic Vibrator Control Electronics (2011)

Seismic vibrators have been widely used in land seismic exploration. To improve the vibrator performance, it is important and necessary to accurately control the vibrator ground force output. The success of the Vibroseis technology greatly depends upon the ability of the vibrator control electronics to precisely control the amplitude and phase spectra of the vibrator ground force as well as the harmonic distortion on the vibrator ground force. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the vibrator performance on these fundamentals when the vibrator is controlled by three different control electronics.
Measuring the metastatic potential of cancer cells (1993)

Cancer cells must secrete proteolytic enzymes to invade adjacent tissues and migrate to a new metastatic site. Urokinase (uPA) is a key enzyme related to metastasis in cancers of the lung, colon, gastric, uterine, breast, brain, and malignant melanoma. A NASA technology utilization project has combined fluorescence microscopy, image analysis, and flow cytometry, using fluorescent dyes, and urokinase-specific antibodies to measure uPA and abnormal DNA levels (related to cancer cell proliferation) inside the cancer cells. The project is focused on developing quantitative measurements to determine if a patient's tumor cells are actively metastasizing. If a significant number of tumor cells contain large amounts of uPA (esp. membrane-bound) then the post-surgical chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be targeted for metastatic cells that have already left the primary tumor. These analytical methods have been applied to a retrospective study of biopsy tissues from 150 node negative, stage 1 breast cancer patients. Cytopathology and image analysis has shown that uPA is present in high levels in many breast cancer cells, but not found in normal breast. Significant amounts of uPA also have been measured in glioma cell lines cultured from brain tumors. Commercial applications include new diagnostic tests for metastatic cells, in different cancers, which are being developed with a company that provides a medical testing service using flow cytometry for DNA analysis and hormone receptors on tumor cells from patient biopsies. This research also may provide the basis for developing a new 'magic bullet' treatment against metastasis using chemotherapeutic drugs or radioisotopes attached to urokinase-specific monoclonal antibodies that will only bind to metastatic cells.
Dual Epitope Targeting and Enhanced Hexamerization by DR5 Antibodies as a Novel Approach to Induce Potent Antitumor Activity Through DR5 Agonism (2020)

Higher-order death receptor 5 (DR5) clustering can induce tumor cell death; however, therapeutic compounds targeting DR5 have achieved limited clinical efficacy. We describe HexaBody-DR5/DR5, an equimolar mixture of two DR5-specific IgG1 antibodies with an Fc-domain mutation that augments antibody hexamerization after cell surface target binding. The two antibodies do not compete for binding to DR5 as demonstrated using binding competition studies, and binding to distinct epitopes in the DR5 extracellular domain was confirmed by crystallography. The unique combination of dual epitope targeting and increased IgG hexamerization resulted in potent DR5 agonist activity by inducing efficient DR5 outside-in signaling and caspase-mediated cell death. Preclinical studies <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> demonstrated that maximal DR5 agonist activity could be achieved independent of Fc gamma receptor-mediated antibody crosslinking. Most optimal agonism was observed in the presence of complement complex C1, although without inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity. It is hypothesized that C1 may stabilize IgG hexamers that are formed after binding of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 to DR5 on the plasma membrane, thereby strengthening DR5 clustering and subsequent outside-in signaling. We observed potent antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in large panels of patient-derived xenograft models representing various solid cancers. The results of our preclinical studies provided the basis for an ongoing clinical trial exploring the activity of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 (GEN1029) in patients with malignant solid tumors.
Posttreatment of Reverse Osmosis Product Waters (1986)

Reverse osmosis (RO) product water usually requires posttreatment, regardless of the type of RO device, the chemical nature of the RO membrane, and the intended application of the water. Posttreatment requirements depend primarily on the application and must be determined on a case‐by‐case basis. For many industrial applications, posttreatment consists of demineralization by means of ion exchange and disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. Posttreatments for municipal applications include pH adjustment with bases or a degasifier (or both), reduction of corrosiveness, and disinfection with chlorine. Details of these posttreatments are given for RO product waters from brackish as well as seawater sources. The economics of these treatment processes are also presented.
Passive Gas-Gap Heat Switches for use in Low-Temperature Cryogenic Systems (2017)

We present the current state of development in passive gas-gap heat switches. This type of switch does not require a separate heater to activate heat transfer but, instead, relies upon the warming of one end due to an intrinsic step in a thermodynamic cycle to raise a getter above a threshold temperature. Above this temperature sequestered gas is released to couple both sides of the switch. This enhances the thermodynamic efficiency of the system and reduces the complexity of the control system. Various gas mixtures and getter configurations will be presented.
Partial power DC-DC converter for electric vehicle fast charging stations (2017)

This paper proposes an interleaved partial power converter (PPC) for the DC-DC conversion stage of electric vehicles (EVs) fast charging stations. The proposed converter topology is based on the H-bridge DC-DC converter. PPC allows the converter to process only a fraction of the total power, the rest being bypassed and directly supplied to the load. This increases the converter efficiency, as only a portion of the power goes through the converter, thus increasing its efficiency. The principle of operation of the proposed PPC is theoretically analyzed. Simulations of the behavior of the proposed PPC are provided for the charging of an EV battery. Results show the good behavior of the proposed system. It is in particular verified that the proposed converter only process a fraction of the power around 36% for the entire output power range. Comparison with a classical full power converter is provided showing that the proposed topology leads to a significant improvement in terms of conversion efficiency, from 95.1% to 98.3%.
Purification and characterization of the acid-labile subunit of rat serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex. (1994)

Circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), when occupied by IGF-I or IGF-II, combines with an acid-labile glycoprotein subunit (ALS) to form a high molecular weight complex. In this study, ALS from rat serum has been purified and its properties investigated. Purification involved ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on an IGF-I-IGFBP-3 column, yielding almost 1 mg ALS from 100 ml serum. Amino-terminal sequencing confirmed the prediction from previous complementary DNA analysis but indicated that the protein may circulate in a truncated form. Rat ALS was almost as potent as human ALS in binding to human IGF-I-IGFBP-3 complex (association constant, 2.3 nM-1). A sensitive RIA was developed, with high specificity for rodent ALS. Serum ALS rose from 3 micrograms/ml in 2-day-old rats to more than 40 micrograms/ml at 10 weeks, with no sex difference. GH-deficient rats showed 60-75% lower values than controls. This study shows rat ALS to have similar binding properties, and age and GH dependence, to human ALS. The new RIA will facilitate studies of IGF and IGFBP regulation in the rat.
Terahertz otoscope and potential for diagnosing otitis media (2016)

We designed and fabricated a novel terahertz (THz) otoscope to help physicians to diagnose otitis media (OM) with both THz diagnostics and conventional optical diagnostics. We verified the potential of this tool for diagnosing OM using mouse skin tissue and a human tympanic membrane samples prior to clinical application.
Generation of Multi-Megabar Pressure Using Nano-Polycrystalline Diamond Anvils (2007)

A nano-polycrystalline diamond was synthesized from graphite by direct conversion under high pressure. The nano-polycrystalline diamond consists of nanosized diamond grains oriented in random directions and has higher toughness and more isotropic mechanical properties than the single-crystal diamond. We generated the pressure using a pair of anvils composed of nano-polycrystalline diamond particles. The highest generated pressure achieved was 210 GPa. The generated maximum pressure was almost the same as that achieved by the single-crystal diamond anvils.
Generalized self-driven AC-DC synchronous rectification techniques for single- &amp; multiphase systems (2010)

This paper extends the single-phase self-driven synchronous rectification (SDSR) technique to multiphase and multi-level AC-DC systems. Power MOSFETs with either voltage or current self-sensing and self-driven gate drives are used to replace diodes in the rectifier circuits. The generalized methodology allows multiphase SDSRs to be designed to replace multiphase diode rectifiers. Unlike traditional SR designed for high-frequency power converters, the SDSR proposed here can be direct replacement of power diode bridges for both low and high frequency operations. The SDSR utilizes its output dc voltage to power its control circuit. No start-up control is needed because the body diodes of the power MOSFETs provide the diode rectifier for initial start-up stage. The generalized method is demonstrated in 2kW 1-phase and 3-phase SDSRs. Power loss reduction in the range of 50% to 69% has been achieved for inductive, capacitive and resistive loads.
Inter dataset variability compensation for speaker recognition (2014)

Recently satisfactory results have been obtained in NIST speaker recognition evaluations. These results are mainly due to accurate modeling of a very large development dataset provided by LDC. However, for many realistic scenarios the use of this development dataset is limited due to a dataset mismatch. In such cases, collection of a large enough dataset is infeasible. In this work we analyze the sources of degradation for a particular setup in the context of an i-vector PLDA system and conclude that the main source for degradation is an i-vector dataset shift. As a remedy, we introduce inter dataset variability compensation (IDVC) to explicitly compensate for dataset shift in the i-vector space. This is done using the nuisance attribute projection (NAP) method. Using IDVC we managed to reduce error dramatically by more than 50% for the domain mismatch setup.
Discharge phenomena of an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency capacitive plasma source (2001)

Discharge phenomena of a nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma source have been studied. An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) operates using rf power and produces a stable homogeneous discharge at atmospheric pressure. After breakdown, the APPJ operation is divided into two regimes, a “normal” operating mode when the discharge is stable and homogeneous, and a “failure” mode when the discharge converts into a filamentary arc. Current and voltage (I–V) characteristics and spatially resolved emission intensity profiles have been measured during the normal operating mode. These measurements show that the APPJ produces an alpha (α) mode rf capacitive discharge. Based upon a dimensional analysis using the observed I–V characteristics, a rough estimate is made for plasma density of 3×1011 cm−3 and an electron temperature of 2 eV. In addition, the gas temperature of 120 °C has been spectroscopically measured inside the discharge. These plasma parameters indicate that the APPJ shows promise for various materials applications as it can produce substantial amounts of reactive species and avoid thermal damages, while having the advantage of atmospheric pressure operation.
Characteristics of excitonic emission in diamond (2005)

Abstract Detailed characteristics of excitonic emission in diamond have been studied by theoretical considerations taking into account the indirect semiconductor properties to calculate precise simulated spectra of the excitonic emission. The simulated excitonic emission spectra agree well with the observed spectra in our high quality diamond thin films, showing that the chemical potential of the exciton gas can be reduced precisely. The results indicate that (1) the characteristics of exciton emission of indirect semiconductors are much difference than those of direct ones, (2) exciton collisions cause line broadening and (3) quantum statistical (Bose–Einstein statistics) properties appear for highly excited exciton densities in diamond. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymers with a High Refractive Index and Low Optical Dispersion (1989)

Communication: Organic Polyelectrolytes (I–VII) known as Ionenes, with unique combinations of high refractive index (ND) and high Abbe number (VD, see figure) now compete with inorganic glasses for application in optics. Variation of the counterions allows the tuning of their chemical and optical properties.
Four dimensional modem employing complex spreading sequences (1999)

In this paper a description and analysis of a four dimensional direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) modem structure (Linde and Marx, 1999) employing complex spreading sequences (CSS), is presented. A description of the the four dimensional DS-SS transmitter as well as the receiver is given. The synchronization loops, including the four dimensional decision-directed Costas carrier recovery loop (DD-CGRL) and four dimensional decision-directed complex delay-locked-loop (CDLL) (De Gaudenzi and Luise 1991) are analysed and presented. The whole system is simulated and the simulation results as well as the performance in AWGN, which is comparable with a conventional BPSK SS modem, are shown.
Inside Quantum Repeaters (2015)

Most quantum communication tasks need to rely on the transmission of quantum signals over long distances. Unfortunately, transmission of such signals is most often limited by losses in the channel, the same issue that affects classical communication. Simple signal amplification provides an elegant solution for the classical world, but this is not possible in the quantum world, as the no-cloning theorem forbids such an operation and, thus, an alternative approach, a quantum repeater, is needed. Quantum repeaters enable one to create a known maximally entangled state between the end points of the network by first segmenting the network into pieces, creating entanglement between the segments, and then, connecting those entanglement to create the required long range entanglement. Quantum teleportation then allows an unknown quantum message to be transmitted between them using the long-range entangled state. This form of quantum communication will be at the heart of the future quantum Internet. In this review, we will detail various approaches to quantum repeaters, and discuss their expected performance and limitations.
Cloning and biological characterization of human single-chain Fv fragments that mediate neutralization of HIV-1 (1994)

This strategy of cloning resulted in the development of functional human-derived antibody reagents with different anti-HIV-1 biological properties in vitro. These recombinant Fv fragments have potential utility as immune reagents, as well as in the design of potential immunotherapeutics. In addition, these antibody reagents may provide information on the relationship between humoral immunity and maternal-fetal (vertical) HIV-1 transmission.
A compact red-green-blue superluminescent diode module: A novel light source for AR microdisplays (2019)

We present the first light source module that is realized with RGB superluminescent LEDs in a compact 14-pin butterfly housing for speckle-free display applications. The module provides a free-space output with collimated RGB beams that are colinearly aligned having 10 mW output power per color.
Pulsed Eddy Current Measurement of Lift-Off (2006)

It is observed that the slope of pulsed eddy current signals at the Lift‐Off point of Intersection (LOI) depends strongly on the lift‐off. The behaviour of the LOI slope is studied under varying test conditions. The signal response is curve‐fitted to a circuit equivalent non‐linear model using the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm and the LOI slope is computed using the curve‐fitted parameters. This study demonstrates that the LOI slope can be used to accurately measure the non‐conductive layer thickness (e.g. paint, coatings, etc.) on a conductive substrate.