gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF KSHV/HHV 8 CYCLIN IN PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMAS AND KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (1997)

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV 8) is consistently associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion (body cavity-based) lymphomas (PELs). Among the KSHV open reading frames identified so far is ORF72, which encodes a functional cyclin D-homolog and is thus a potential viral oncogene. However, whether significant levels of this gene are expressed in KS tissues and latently-infected PEL cells has been controversial. For this reason, we evaluated the expression of KSHV cyclin in six KS tissues, two PEL clinical specimens and three PEL cell lines. Methods: Northern blot analysis was performed on total and/or polyA-selected messenger RNA (mRNA) using a strand-specific probe. Subsequently, in situ hybridization was performed, using a non-isotopic signal amplification system and a cyclin probe. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were used. PEL cell lines BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3 were also fixed and embedded, either untreated or treated with foscarnet (PFA) to inhibit viral replication, or with TPA to induce lytic replication. Tissues were treated with RNase and/or DNase to distinguish KSHV cyclin expression from the presence of the viral genome, and to confirm specific binding of the probe to nucleic acids. As negative controls, we used a probe of irrelevant specificity, and we performed hybridization of the KSHV cyclin probe with KSHV-negative lymphomas and vascular tumors. Results: KSHV cyclin RNA was clearly identified in all three latently infected cell lines, as well as in both PEL specimens and three of the six KS tissues by Northern blot analysis using total RNA. In addition, in the two negative cases of KS where enough material was available for polyA-selection, KSHV cyclin expression was also demonstrated by Northern blot analysis on mRNA. These results were confirmed and extended by in situ hybridization. Using this method, nuclear signals reflected the presence of episomal KSHV genomes, and RNase-sensitive cytoplasmic signals demonstrated the transcriptional activity of the KSHV cyclin D gene. RNase-resistant, DNase-sensitive cytoplasmic signals revealed the presence of lytic replication, as was evident in the TPA-treated PEL cell lines. While KSHV-negative tissues did not contain hybridization signals, nuclear and cytoplasmic signals were identified in spindle, endothelial, and mononuclear cells in all the KS lesions studied. Hybridization signals were also detected in the tumor cells of all the PEL specimens and cell lines. Cytoplasmic signals were eliminated by RNase-digestion in the majority of cells in both KS and PEL, but rare cells in both types of lesions showed evidence of viral DNA in the cytoplasm. Conclusions: We have confirmed the expression of the viral cyclin D gene in KS and PEL in vivo. KSHV is latent in most cells in KS and PEL, but rare cells were shown to have lytic replication in both types of lesion. These findings further support a pathogenic role for this virus in the KSHV-associated diseases.
Theory of Sliding‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators (2013)

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a powerful approach toward new energy technology, especially for portable electronics. A theoretical model for the sliding-mode TENG is presented in this work. The finite element method was utilized to characterize the distributions of electric potential, electric field, and charges on the metal electrodes of the TENG. Based on the FEM calculation, the semi-analytical results from the interpolation method and the analytical V-Q-x relationship are built to study the sliding-mode TENG. The analytical V-Q-x equation is validated through comparison with the semi-analytical results. Furthermore, based on the analytical V-Q-x equation, dynamic output performance of sliding-mode TENG is calculated with arbitrary load resistance, and good agreement with experimental data is achieved. The theory presented here is a milestone work for in-depth understanding of the working mechanism of the sliding-mode TENG, and provides a theoretical basis for further enhancement of the sliding-mode TENG for both energy scavenging and self-powered sensor applications.
Control and System Design for the Czochralski Crystal Growth Process (1993)

An expanded set of control objectives is proposed for the Czochralski crystal growth process. Consideration of the thermal stress near the interface yields an operating regime specification in terms of interface shape. A lumped parameter model is used to determine the performance of alternate inputs and outputs. Based on these considerations, a new control structure is proposed to maintain crystal diameter, interface shape, and thermal gradients throughout the batch growth cycle. The performance of alternative control structures are evaluated.
A Resource-Optimal Canonical Form for Single-qubit Quantum Circuits (2012)

Abstract. Determining the optimal implementation of a quantum gate is critical for designing a quantum computer. We consider the crucial task of efficiently decomposing a general single-qubit quantum gate into a sequence of fault-tolerant quantum operations. For a given single-qubit circuit, we construct an optimal gate sequence consisting of fault-tolerant Hadamard (H) and π/8 rotations (T). Our scheme is based on a novel canonical form for single-qubit quantum circuits and the corresponding rules for exactly reducing a general single-qubit circuit to our canonical form. The result is optimal in the number of T gates. We demonstrate that a precomputed ɛ-net of canonical circuits in combination with our scheme lowers the depth and number of T gates of approximation circuits by up to three orders of magnitude compared to previously reported results.
Modifying Threadline Dynamics in the High-speed Melt Spinning Process (1989)

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was spun into fibers in the speed range of 3000 to 5000 m/min. Threadline dynamics was modified by altering the threadline temperature profile. This was achieved using a combination of on-line zone cooling and heating(OLZCH). Experimental results showed that the structure development in the threadline was significantly influenced by the OLZCH conditions. The orientation, crystallinity and crystal dimensions of the resulting fibers were greatly increased by the introduction of OLZCH in the take-up speed range of 3000 to 5000 m/min. Various characterization techniques confirmed that the fiber structure was obviously changed with OLZCH. The fiber tensile properties were noticeably improved via this approach. It is concluded that the fiber structure development may be dominantly enhanced by modifying the threadline dynamics in the high speed melt spinning process.
Resampling Method for Unsupervised Estimation of Cluster Validity (2001)

We introduce a method for validation of results obtained by clustering analysis of data. The method is based on resampling the available data. A figure of merit that measures the stability of clustering solutions against resampling is introduced. Clusters that are stable against resampling give rise to local maxima of this figure of merit. This is presented first for a one-dimensional data set, for which an analytic approximation for the figure of merit is derived and compared with numerical measurements. Next, the applicability of the method is demonstrated for higher-dimensional data, including gene microarray expression data.
Passivation of InGaAs(001)-(2 × 4) by Self-Limiting Chemical Vapor Deposition of a Silicon Hydride Control Layer (2015)

A saturated Si-Hx seed layer for gate oxide or contact conductor ALD has been deposited via two separate self-limiting and saturating CVD processes on InGaAs(001)-(2 × 4) at substrate temperatures of 250 and 350 °C. For the first self-limiting process, a single silicon precursor, Si3H8, was dosed at a substrate temperature of 250 °C, and XPS results show the deposited silicon hydride layer saturated at about 4 monolayers of silicon coverage with hydrogen termination. STS results show the surface Fermi level remains unpinned following the deposition of the saturated silicon hydride layer, indicating the InGaAs surface dangling bonds are electrically passivated by Si-Hx. For the second self-limiting process, Si2Cl6 was dosed at a substrate temperature of 350 °C, and XPS results show the deposited silicon chloride layer saturated at about 2.5 monolayers of silicon coverage with chlorine termination. Atomic hydrogen produced by a thermal gas cracker was subsequently dosed at 350 °C to remove the Si-Cl termination by replacing with Si-H termination as confirmed by XPS, and STS results confirm the saturated Si-Hx bilayer leaves the InGaAs(001)-(2 × 4) surface Fermi level unpinned. Density function theory modeling of silicon hydride surface passivation shows an Si-Hx monolayer can remove all the dangling bonds and leave a charge balanced surface on InGaAs.
A simple and efficient estimation method for stream expression cardinalities (2007)

Estimating the cardinality (i.e. number of distinct elements) of an arbitrary set expression defined over multiple distributed streams is one of the most fundamental queries of interest. Earlier methods based on probabilistic sketches have focused mostly on the sketching algorithms. However, the estimators do not fully utilize the information in the sketches and thus are not statistically efficient. In this paper, we develop a novel statistical model and an efficient yet simple estimator for the cardinalities based on a continuous variant of the well known Flajolet-Martin sketches. Specifically, we show that, for two streams, our estimator has almost the same statistical efficiency as the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), which is known to be optimal in the sense of Cramer-Rao lower bounds under regular conditions. Moreover, as the number of streams gets larger, our estimator is still computationally simple, but the MLE becomes intractable due to the complexity of the likelihood. Let N be the cardinality of the union of all streams, and |S | be the cardinality of a set expression S to be estimated. For a given relative standard error δ, the memory requirement of our estimator is O(δ −2 |S | −1 N log log N), which is superior to state-of-the-art algorithms, especially for large N and small the estimation is most challenging.
Inhibition of TGF-β Signaling Enables Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion In Vitro for Use in Regenerative Medicine (2013)

Corneal endothelial dysfunctions occurring in patients with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, corneal endotheliitis, and surgically induced corneal endothelial damage cause blindness due to the loss of endothelial function that maintains corneal transparency. Transplantation of cultivated corneal endothelial cells (CECs) has been researched to repair endothelial dysfunction in animal models, though the in vitro expansion of human CECs (HCECs) is a pivotal practical issue. In this study we established an optimum condition for the cultivation of HCECs. When exposed to culture conditions, both primate and human CECs showed two distinct phenotypes: contact-inhibited polygonal monolayer and fibroblastic phenotypes. The use of SB431542, a selective inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor, counteracted the fibroblastic phenotypes to the normal contact-inhibited monolayer, and these polygonal cells maintained endothelial physiological functions. Expression of ZO-1 and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase maintained their subcellular localization at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, expression of type I collagen and fibronectin was greatly reduced. This present study may prove to be the substantial protocol to provide the efficient in vitro expansion of HCECs with an inhibitor to the TGF-β receptor, and may ultimately provide clinicians with a new therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunctions.
Diffusion MRI tractography of the human heart In Vivo at end-diastole and end-systole (2012)

Diffusion Tensor MRI (DTI) of the human heart in vivo has to date been performed in 2D and at a single phase of the cardiac cycle. Here we perform 3D tractography of the human heart in vivo at both end diastole and end systole. We show that fiber orientation in the subepicardium becomes more oblique during systole, and that scalar indices of diffusion (mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy) decrease during systole. Our data suggest that myocardial fiber architecture is dynamic and is a function of both chamber geometry and myocardial contraction.
Combined Antiviral and Antimediator Treatment of Rhinovirus Colds (1992)

An antiviral agent and two antiinflammatory compounds were used in a blinded, placebo-controlled study to treat experimental rhinovirus colds. Intranasal interferon-alpha 2b and ipratropium and oral naproxen were begun 24 h after rhinovirus inoculation. Treatment was continued three times a day for 4 days. Viral shedding (mean +/- SE) was 4.4 +/- 0.3 days for controls and 2.9 +/- 0.3 days for treated volunteers (P less than .003). Geometric mean virus titers were reduced in the treated group on all days (P = .02-.06). Serum antibody responses and postinfection geometric mean antibody titers were similar in both groups (P greater than .1). Colds developed in 6 of 16 treated and 7 of 8 control subjects (P = .05). Mean total symptom scores (P = .055), rhinorrhea (P less than .01), cough (P less than .01), and malaise (P less than .001) were reduced in treated subjects. Trends in reduction of nasal obstruction and sore throat also favored the treated group. Nasal secretion weights were 12.9 +/- 4.8 g in treated and 20.3 +/- 5.4 g in control subjects (P = .4). Medications were was tolerated.
Process Development and Analysis of Liver-Stage Antigen 1, a Preerythrocyte-Stage Protein-Based Vaccine for<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2005)

Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA-1) is expressed solely in infected hepatocytes and is thought to have a role in liver schizogony and merozoite release. Specific humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses to LSA-1 are well documented, with epitopes identified that correlate with antibody production, proliferative T-cell responses, or cytokine induction. With the goal of developing a vaccine against this preerythrocyte-stage protein, we undertook the good manufacturing practices (GMP) manufacture of a recombinant LSA-1 construct, LSA-NRC, incorporating the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein and two of the centrally placed 17-amino-acid repeats. To improve the protein yield, a method of codon harmonization was employed to reengineer the gene sequence for expression in Escherichia coli. A 300-liter GMP fermentation produced 8 kg of bacterial cell paste, and a three-step column chromatographic method yielded 8 mg of purified antigen per g of paste. The final bulk protein was >98% pure, demonstrated long-term stability, and contained <0.005 endotoxin units per 50 microg of protein. To accomplish the initial stages of evaluation of this protein as a human-use vaccine against malaria, we immunized rabbits and mice with LSA-NRC in Montanide ISA 720. New Zealand White rabbits and A/J (H-2K) mice produced high-titer antibodies that recognized liver-stage parasites in infected cultured human hepatocytes. Gamma interferon-producing cells, which have been associated with LSA-1-mediated protection, were detected in splenocytes harvested from immunized mice. Finally, sera taken from people living in a region where malaria is holoendemic recognized LSA-NRC by Western blotting.
Optical OFDM (2008)

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of electronic dispersion and nonlinearity compensation that is scalable to extremely-high data rates, offering plug-and-play convenience in free-space, multimode and long-haul communication systems.
Tolerances of a page-based holographic data storage system (2007)

The media position and tilt tolerances of a high numerical aperture (NA) holographic data storage system are examined experimentally. The sources for these tolerances are explained and techniques for optimizing the drive tolerances are described.
Crystallization Behavior of Zeolite Beta in OSDA-Free, Seed-Assisted Synthesis (2010)

Recent reports on the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA)-free synthesis of some zeolites with the aid of seed crystals have opened a new way to the robust and environmentally friendly production of industrially valuable zeolites. However, the details on the crystallization behavior as well as the role of the seeds have not been fully clarified yet. In this study, the crystallization process of zeolite beta in the OSDA-free, seed-embedded Na+−aluminosilicate gel system, which never yields beta in the absence of the seeds, is investigated in detail. The XRD and TEM studies of the solid aluminosilicate products in the course of the hydrothermal treatment suggest that the crystallization of zeolite beta proceeds on the outer surface of amorphous aluminosilicates. The Raman spectroscopy, solid-state 27Al and 23Na MAS NMR and high-energy XRD analyses of seeded and nonseeded amorphous materials just before crystallization reveal that the beta seeds induce no major changes in their structures, implying that the nucleation of beta does not occur directly from the amorphous phase. The intermediate addition of the seeds after prehydrothermal treatment of a nonseeded gel enhances the crystallization rate and results in the increased number of beta crystals with smaller size. It is elucidated that, during the hydrothermal treatment, the beta seeds embedded in the gel provide crystal growth surface after they are exposed and/or released to the liquid phase by partial dissolution of the amorphous aluminosilicates. These findings provide a promising approach to the designed syntheses of valuable zeolites in the completely OSDA-free system.
STRIP-PET: a novel detector concept for the TOF-PET scanner (2013)

We briefly present a design of a new PET scanner based on strips of polymer scintillators arranged in a barrel constituting a large acceptance detector. The solution proposed is based on the superior timing properties of the polymer scintillators. The position and time of the reaction of the gamma quanta in the detector material will be determined based on the time of arrival of light signals to the edges of the scintillator strips.
Time delay definitions and characterization in the pacific DC intertie wide area damping controller (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Temperature-Resolved Molecular Emission Spectroscopy:  an Analytical Technique for Solid Materials (1997)

Temperature-resolved molecular emission spectroscopy is described as a thermal analysis method for the analysis of solids and liquids. The technique uses an electrically heated graphite cup to decompose and/or vaporize the sample. The vapors are carried by a stream of argon into a cool hydrogen diffusion flame. Both the quantity and the nature of the decomposed species can be determined. The technique is particularly useful for the determination of sulfur, phosphorus, or nitrogen. Calibration curves for sulfur show the expected parabolic shape, and those for phosphorus are linear. The detection limit for elemental sulfur was determined to be approximately 50 ng. The evolution of sulfur is shown to be related to the decomposition temperature which is characteristic of the sulfur-containing species. Reproducibility of the decomposition temperatures is typically ±2%.
Online prime labeling and generation of synopsis for XML query estimation (2015)

XML query optimizers use selectivity estimators to choose the best possible query execution plan. However, one the main components of most estimators is the generation of a synopsis of the XML database. In this paper, we present a novel approach for online construction of an XML synopsis based on prime labeling and counting. The resulting synopsis will be used to estimate different path and twig queries with parent-child or ancestor-descendant relationships. Besides the efficiency of the proposed approach in terms of estimation accuracy and low storage requirements, it can process streams of XML documents as they are received. We experimentally compared the proposed algorithm with one of the state-of-the-art algorithms, namely the Sampling, and it showed drastic improvement in the estimation results. For example, when allocating the same memory budget for both algorithms, the overall average error rate of our algorithm was 0.54% whereas it was 55.3% for the Sampling algorithm.
A multi-element coplanar waveguide continuous transverse stub (CPW-CTS) antenna for wireless communications (2005)

A three element CPW-CTS array antenna is described. The advantages of this new design include low cost, low profile, light weight, and a very simple planar microstrip feed configuration. The three element antenna exhibits a well-formed broadside main beam with up to 31% decrease in HPBW (compared to a single element CPW-CTS) at the 10 GHz frequency band and good 50-ohm impedance match (-10 dB) from 9.9 to 10.3 GHz. For future work, experimental verification will be performed and measured data will be compared with simulated results. The multi element CPW-CTS array represents the first step towards a large multi-panel planar array.
A Tool for Process Merging in Business-Driven Development. (2008)

Abstract. Business-driven development favors the construction of process models at different abstraction levels and by different people. As a consequence, there is a demand for consolidating different versions of process models by merging them. In this paper, we study a basic scenario, derive requirements and present a prototype for detecting and resolving changes between process models. 1
Recent progress in chalcogenide glasses applicable to infrared optical elements manufactured by molding technology (2022)

Chalcogenide glass is a unique material applicable to infrared-transmitting optical elements that cover the atmospheric windows. It can be manufactured using molding technology, which provides mass productivity and high quality. Interest in chalcogenide glass research and developments has increased recently because of the rapid growth of the infrared optics market. This review summarizes the glass formation and properties of recently developed chalcogenide glasses. Selenium-based glasses which are widely used commercially have been introduced in comparison with infrared-transmitting crystals such as Ge and ZnSe. For sulfur-based glasses, glass-forming systems based on Ge–S and Ga–S have been described. These systems are completely free of arsenic and selenium, which are commonly used in conventional chalcogenide glasses. However, they provide glasses that are thermally stable against crystallization, and moldable. The typical spectral windows for Ge–S and Ga–S-based glasses have ranges of approximately 0.6–11 and 0.8–13 µm, respectively, although the short wavelength side strongly depends on the composition. Tellurium-based glasses are characterized by transmission in the far-infrared region, beyond 20 µm, and a refractive index higher than three. Recent studies on the temperature dependence of the viscosity and viscoelastic behaviors of chalcogenide glasses, which are both important for precision molding technology, are also discussed. Two characteristic structural relaxations have been observed in sulfide and selenide glasses.