gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonication-Assisted Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence-Based Bioassays (2009)

A new bioassay technique, sonication-assisted metal-enhanced fluorescence, which is based on the combined use of ultrasound waves and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), is reported. In this technique, low-intensity ultrasound waves significantly reduce the bioassay time by creating a temperature gradient between the bulk and the surface, which is thought to result in a mass transport of biomolecules from the bulk to the surface. After the assay is completed in 1 min, fluorescence emission is enhanced due to the MEF phenomenon. For proof-of-concept, a model bioassay based on the interactions of biotin and fluorophore-labeled avidin was constructed on SIFs and was subsequently completed in <1 min using low-intensity ultrasound at 40 kHz. The end-point values for fluorescence emission from sonicated assays were compared to those measured from assays carried out at room temperature without sonication to confirm to accuracy of the new technique. The effect of sonication on the assay components were studied using optical absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Real-time thermal imaging was used to measure the changes in temperature of the bioassay components during the sonication process. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was also employed to investigate the effect of sonication on potential surface protein denaturation and conformational changes.
Transient-signal-based sample-detection in atomic force microscopy (2003)

In typical dynamic mode operation of atomic force microscopes, steady state signals like amplitude and phase are used for detection and imaging of material. In these methods, the resolution and bandwidth are dictated by the quality factor (Q) of the cantilever. In this letter, we present a methodology that exploits the deflection signal during the transient of the cantilever motion. The principle overcomes the fundamental limitations on the trade off between resolution and bandwidth present in existing methods and makes it independent of the quality factor. Experimental results provided corroborate the theoretical development.
Pitch synchronous innovation code excited linear prediction (PSI‐CELP) (1994)

Abstract This paper proposes a new speech coding method pitch synchronous innovation code excited linear predictor (PSI‐CELP). This method is based on CELP but adds pitch synchronous innovation. This results in even random codevectors being adaptively converted to have pitch periodicity for voiced frames. This scheme can improve the synthesized speech quality of voiced frames in the low bit‐rate CELP without increasing either computational complexity or bit rate. In addition to pitch synchronous innovation, this paper also proposes four other methods in which the quality of synthesized speech is effectively improved or the computational complexity is reduced for low bit‐rate CELP: (1) the perceptual weighting filter is an MA‐type and uses nonquantized LPC parameters; (2) the fixed codebook is prepared as part of the adaptive codebook for nonperiodic frames; (3) the random codebook consists of two‐channel conjugate sub‐codebooks; and (4) codebook searches are made using delayed decision. In a speech coding system with pitch synchronization of random codevectors, improvements in ratio SNR, segmental SNR, and opinion equivalent Q value are respectively 1.6 dB, 1.0 dB, and 0.5 dB. These basic methods were adopted in the standard codec for Japanese half‐rate digital mobile telephone service.
Detection of fusion gene transcripts in the blood samples of prostate cancer patients (2021)

Prostate cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers for men in the United States. The study aims to detect fusion transcripts in the blood samples of prostate cancer patients. We analyzed nine fusion transcripts including MAN2A1-FER, SLC45A2-AMACR, TRMT11-GRIK2, CCNH-C5orf30, mTOR-TP53BP1, KDM4-AC011523.2, TMEM135-CCDC67, LRRC59-FLJ60017 and Pten-NOLC1147 in the blood samples from 147 prostate cancer patients and 14 healthy individuals, using Taqman RT-PCR and Sanger's sequencing. Similar analyses were also performed on 25 matched prostate cancer samples for matched-sample evaluation. Eighty-two percent blood samples from the prostate cancer patients were positive for MAN2A1-FER transcript, while 41.5% and 38.8% blood samples from the prostate cancer patients were positive for SLC45A2-AMACR and Pten-NOLC1, respectively. CCNH-c5orf30 and mTOR-TP53BP1 had low detection rates, positive in only 5.4% and 4% of the blood samples from the prostate cancer patients. Only 2 blood samples were positive for KDM4B-AC011523.2 transcript. Overall, 89.8% patients were positive for at least one fusion transcript in their blood samples. The statistical analysis showed varied sensitivity of fusion transcript detection in the blood based on the types of fusions. In contrast, the blood samples from all healthy individuals were negative for the fusion transcripts. Detection of fusion transcripts in the blood samples of the prostate cancer patients may be a fast and cost-effective way to detect prostate cancer.
Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> by Inducing Apoptosis (2008)

Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with mechanistic rationale against metastatic human melanoma cells. We suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies, could be useful for the management of human melanoma.
Performance Enhancements of Flip-Chip Light-Emitting Diodes With High-Density n-Type Point-Contacts (2014)

Novel gallium nitride-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FCLEDs) with high-density distributed n-type point-contacts were designed and fabricated. With high density and uniformly distributed n-type point-contacts, the point-contact (PC) FCLEDs had higher light output power (LOP) by 18% over the reference flip-chip LED with conventional contacts fabricated from the same wafer. The forward voltage of the PC-FCLEDs was 0.16 V lower than the reference FCLED and the wall-plug efficiency was increased by 24% at the same current level. The maximum LOP of the PC-FCLEDs measured at 2.4 A was 43% more than the maximum obtained by the reference LED at 1.8 A. It was also found that the PC-FCLEDs suffered lower efficiency droop. The optical performance improvement of the PC-FCLEDs is attributed to an increase of the light extraction and the uniform carrier distribution, which results from the small and high density deeply etched holes and PCs. The electrical performance was enhanced through a minimized lateral current spreading distance.
General Purpose Data-Driven System Monitoring for Space Operations (2009)

Modern space propulsion and exploration system designs are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex. Determining the health state of these systems using traditional methods is becoming more difficult as the number of sensors and component interactions grows. Data-driven monitoring techniques have been developed to address these issues by analyzing system operations data to automatically characterize normal system behavior. The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) is a data-driven system health monitoring software tool that has been successfully applied to several aerospace applications. IMS uses a data mining technique called clustering to analyze archived system data and characterize normal interactions between parameters. This characterization, or model, of nominal operation is stored in a knowledge base that can be used for real-time system monitoring or for analysis of archived events. Ongoing and developing IMS space operations applications include International Space Station flight control, satellite vehicle system health management, launch vehicle ground operations, and fleet supportability. As a common thread of discussion this paper will employ the evolution of the IMS data-driven technique as related to several Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) elements. Thematically, the projects listed will be used as case studies. The maturation of IMS via projects where it has been deployed, or is currently being integrated to aid in fault detection will be described. The paper will also explain how IMS can be used to complement a suite of other ISHM tools, providing initial fault detection support for diagnosis and recovery.
Aerosolized Cyclosporine in Lung Recipients With Refractory Chronic Rejection (1996)

This study evaluated aerosolized cyclosporine as rescue therapy for lung transplant recipients with unremitting chronic rejection. Nine patients with histologic active obliterative bronchiolitis and progressively worsening airway obstruction refractory to conventional immune suppression received aerosolized cyclosporine. Improvement in rejection histology was seen in seven of nine patients. We compared the changes in the FVC and FEV1 over time using linear regression analysis in these seven histologic responders and nine historical control patients. During the pretreatment period for both the experimental and control groups, the FVC and FEV1 declined at comparable rates. After aerosolized cyclosporine there was stabilization of pulmonary function, whereas in the controls there was continued decline. Cyclosporine blood levels were less than 50 ng/ml 24 h after an aerosolized dose of 300 mg in five patients receiving oral tacrolimus. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and a greater than expected rate of infection was not observed. This study suggests that aerosolized cyclosporine is safe and may be effective therapy for refractory chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients.
Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by induction thermal plasma (2007)

High quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been synthesized at large scales by the method of direct evaporation of carbon black and metallic catalyst mixtures, using induction thermal plasma technology. The processing system consists mainly of an RF plasma torch, which generates a plasma jet of extremely high temperature (∼15 000 K), with a high energy density and abundance of reactive species (ions and neutrals). With the present reactor system, it has been demonstrated that carbon soot product which contains approximately 40 wt% of SWNT can be continuously synthesized at the high production rate of ∼100 g h−1. The processing parameters involved have been examined closely in order to evaluate their individual influences on SWNT synthesis. The results have shown that the quality and purity of the SWNT produced are critically affected by the grade of carbon black, the plasma gas composition and the metallic catalyst employed. Theoretical calculations, including thermodynamic and two-dimensional thermal flow analyses, have also been performed to determine the optimal process environment most suitable for SWNT synthesis and to obtain a better understanding of the effects of process parameters. Finally, product comparisons have been made against other reference materials using Raman spectroscopy, which has shown that the quality of thermal plasma-grown SWNT is superior to that of arc discharge-grown SWNT and approaches the quality of laser-grown SWNT. This result confirms that the induction thermal plasma technology developed in this work is one of the most promising methods for the production of high quality SWNT at large scales for commercial uses.
A Multiscale Multispectral Approach to Digital Image Correlation for SHM Applications (2017)

A novel technique for digital image correlation (DIC) targeting structural health monitoring (SHM) applications is presented. The method uses multispectral imaging enabling simultaneous data acquisition at variable fields of view (FOV). In general, for a given FOV, appropriate speckle sizes have to be a priori defined, limiting the capability of acquiring viable DIC data from variable working distances or with variable accuracy. Furthermore, straightforward application of multiscale DIC patterns that can be seen in the same wavelength of light can cause measurement errors, forcing the use of larger subset sizes and thus reducing the spatial resolution of the deformation measurements. To overcome such limitations, a patterning technique accounting for camera resolution, distance to target, metric-based optimization and variable wavelength is developed. Specifically, patterns are created for two length scales and applied onto a structure. A black on white speckle pattern for far field measurements in addition to an ultraviolet pattern for near field measurements. The patterns were shown to optimally perform at the a priori calculated working distances. The potential of this method for use in SHM applications is discussed.
Discovery of New Potent anti-MERS CoV Fusion Inhibitors (2021)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), capable of zoonotic transmission, has been associated with emerging viral pneumonia in humans. In this study, a set of highly potent peptides were designed to prevent MERS-CoV fusion through competition with heptad repeat domain 2 (HR2) at its HR1 binding site. We designed eleven peptides with stronger estimated HR1 binding affinities than the wild-type peptide to prevent viral fusion with the cell membrane. Eight peptides showed strong inhibition of spike-mediated MERS-CoV cell-cell fusion with IC50 values in the nanomolar range (0.25-2.3 µM). Peptides #4-6 inhibited 95-98.3% of MERS-CoV plaque formation. Notably, peptide four showed strong inhibition of MERS-CoV plaques formation with EC50 = 0.302 µM. All peptides demonstrated safe profiles without cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 10 μM, and this cellular safety, combined with their anti-MERS-CoV antiviral activity, indicate all peptides can be regarded as potential promising antiviral agents.
nBn Infrared Detector Containing Graded Absorption Layer (2009)

It has been proposed to modify the basic structure of an nBn infrared photodetector so that a plain electron-donor- type (n-type) semiconductor contact layer would be replaced by a graded n-type III V alloy semiconductor layer (i.e., ternary or quarternary) with appropriate doping gradient. The abbreviation nBn refers to one aspect of the unmodified basic device structure: There is an electron-barrier (B ) layer between two n-type (n ) layers, as shown in the upper part of the figure. One of the n-type layers is the aforementioned photon-absorption layer; the other n-type layer, denoted the contact layer, collects the photocurrent. The basic unmodified device structure utilizes minority-charge-carrier conduction, such that, for reasons too complex to explain within the space available for this article, the dark current at a given temperature can be orders of magnitude lower (and, consequently, signal-to-noise ratios can be greater) than in infrared detectors of other types. Thus, to obtain a given level of performance, less cooling (and, consequently, less cooling equipment and less cooling power) is needed. [In principle, one could obtain the same advantages by means of a structure that would be called pBp because it would include a barrier layer between two electron-acceptor- type (p-type) layers.] The proposed modifications could make it practical to utilize nBn photodetectors in conjunction with readily available, compact thermoelectric coolers in diverse infrared- imaging applications that could include planetary exploration, industrial quality control, monitoring pollution, firefighting, law enforcement, and medical diagnosis.
Acute human testing of a dual chamber ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm at Mayo clinic (2002)

A new dual chamber ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm has been incorporated into an external prototype dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator, the Model AMD 7250, for the purpose of acute human testing of the algorithm. Testing has been performed during ICD implants and electrophysiologic studies. The detection algorithm uses a hierarchical rule-based approach to combine pattern and timing information to reach a rhythm decision. Rules for atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter/tachycardia (AT), sinus tachycardia (ST) and other 1:1 SVT are designed to reject these rhythms that would otherwise be detected by rate-based detection. Thirty-five patients were studied during EP study (N=32) or ICD implant (N=3). Appropriate detection occurred in 23/23 episodes of VT and 8/8 episodes of VF. Inappropriate detection of VT was prevented in 11/15 episodes of ST and 23/32 episodes of AF/AT.
Real-time Bayesian Inversion of Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment Efficiency from Tiltmeter Measurements (2004)

Abstract In this paper, we describe a method to estimate, in real-time, the efficiency of a hydraulic fracture treatment performed in porous reservoir from tiltmeter measurements. The poroelastic deformation induced by the fracture opening and the fluid leak off is investigated at first. The resolution of fracture dimensions and orientation from tiltmeter measurements is also discussed. A limit, expressed in terms of the distance between the tiltmeters and the fracture, above which only the volume and orientation of the fracture have an effect on the tilt field is recalled. The proposed method of analysis recognizes that, without additional information, only the fracture volume and orientation can be accurately estimated from tiltmeter measurements. The knowledge of the injected volume at time t together with the tilts data allow to estimate the efficiency of the treatment at this time. Furthermore, because the method is computationally efficient, the treatment efficiency and fracture orientation can be obtained in real time (i.e. as the data arrive) throughout a hydraulic fracturing treatment.
Comparative studies of allergenic extracts prepared from freshly collected, dried, or dried and defatted pollen. (1995)

Fresh pollen samples of Parietaria judaica, Betula pubescens, Dactylis glomerata and Olea europaea were collected and aliquot portions of these pollens were stored after drying in hot air, while other portions were dried and then defatted with diethylether. The different pollen materials were extracted with aqueous media to obtain the non-dialyzable allergenic protein constituents. Review of the production data, together with comparative analyses of the UV-absorption spectra and of IgE binding potencies did not reveal appreciable differences in allergen composition among extracts of fresh, dried, or dried and defatted pollen materials. However, microscopic examination showed the fresh pollen to be no longer viable.
Applicaton of blends and side chain Si-O copolymers as high-etch-resistant sub-100-nm e-beam resists (2002)

Recently, there is significant interest in using chemically amplified (CA) resists for electron beam (E-Beam) applications including mask making, direct write, and projection printing. CA resists provide superior lithographic performance in comparison to traditional non CA E-beam resists in particular high contrast, resolution, and sensitivity. Due to the electron scattering effect and the image collapse problem, thinner imaging layer is desirable. Sufficient etch selectivity is needed to compensate reduced resist thickness. Therefore, there is a need to have a high etch resistant resist system which can survive Cr etch (Cl<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB>RIE etchant) process in mask making. For device making, the thin film bilayer approach needs a resist that can withstand O<SUB>2</SUB> etch for image transfer to the underlayer. We have found Si-O containing polymer has the etch characteristics for both applications. In the first approach, using a blend of KRS-XE and silsesquioxane polymer, we have been able to resolve resist images down to 50nm with etch rate 20% slower than conventional novolak I- line resist systems. In the second approach, we have investigated the copolymer of vinyl phenol and acrylate siloxy silane systems. Superior litho performance and etch properties have been observed. In this presentation, we will discuss the chemistry, the miscibility in blends, etch characteristics and lithographic performance of these resist systems.
Business process transformation patterns & the business process transformation wizard (2006)

In spite of many advances in business process simulation technologies, their adoption by the business analyst community has been primarily limited to specialists. We propose a Business Process Transformation Wizard as a capability to bridge this gap. This enables analysts to explore different business process transformation options using Business Process Transformation patterns and analyze their performance using quantitative technologies. In this paper, we explain the approach encapsulated in the BPT Wizard and illustrate it with an example.
Silent Discharge CO<SUB>2</SUB> Laser (1982)

Laser output from a silent discharge CO2 laser is described by a simple theory combining discharge conditions with optical conditions.The differential efficiency (gradient of laser output against discharge power) isfound to be closely relate to the overall excitation efficiency (η′) of CO2 to upperlasing level.The experimental finding of η′ with a gas mixture of CO2-CO-N2-He= 8-4-60-28 has been 1.4×1019 particle·J-1. The value of η′ has been observed to increaselinearly with the increase in the N2 mole ratio.
Correlation between brain volume and retinal photoreceptor outer segment volume in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases (2020)

Outer retinal parameters on OCT may serve as a novel biomarker related to brain volume. This correlation was noted in control subjects suggesting a possible developmental link between retina and brain volume. This relationship was also maintained with atrophic neurodegenerative disorders. Further research is needed to explore possible threshold differences for underlying neurodegenerative disorders.
Integration of Absolute Orientation Measurements in the KinectFusion Reconstruction Pipeline (2018)

In this paper, we show how absolute orientation measurements provided by low-cost but high-fidelity IMU sensors can be integrated into the KinectFusion pipeline. We show that integration improves both runtime, robustness and quality of the 3D reconstruction. In particular, we use this orientation data to seed and regularize the ICP registration technique. We also present a technique to filter the pairs of 3D matched points based on the distribution of their distances. This filter is implemented efficiently on the GPU. Estimating the distribution of the distances helps control the number of iterations necessary for the convergence of the ICP algorithm. Finally, we show experimental results that highlight improvements in robustness, a speed-up of almost 12% and a gain in tracking quality of 53% for the ATE metric on the Freiburg benchmark.