gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Phase II, Pharmacokinetic, and Biological Correlative Study of Oblimersen Sodium and Docetaxel in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2005)

Oblimersen combined with docetaxel is an active combination in HRPC patients demonstrating both an encouraging response rate and an overall median survival. The absence of severe toxicities at this recommended dose, evidence of Bcl-2 protein inhibition, and encouraging antitumor activity in HPRC patients warrant further clinical evaluation of this combination, including studies to optimize oblimersen C(ss).
Activation of the Integrin Effector Kinase Focal Adhesion Kinase in Cancer Cells Is Regulated by Crosstalk between Protein Kinase Cα and the PDZ Adapter Protein mda-9/Syntenin (2010)

Aberrant adhesion signaling pathways in cancer cells underlie their deadly invasive capabilities. The adhesion-related PDZ adapter protein mda-9/syntenin is a positive regulator of cancer cell progression in breast cancer, melanoma, and other human cancers. In this study, we report that mda-9/syntenin mediates adhesion-mediated activation of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by fibronectin (FN) in human breast cancer and melanoma cells. FN rapidly stimulated the expression of mda-9/syntenin and the activation of PKCalpha prior to activation of FAK. Inhibiting PKCalpha suppressed basal or FN-induced expression of mda-9/syntenin, as well as cell migration and invasion toward FN stimulated by mda-9/syntenin. Several lines of evidence suggested that activation of PKCalpha and expression of mda-9/syntenin were interdependent. First, mda-9/syntenin inhibition suppressed basal or FN-induced phosphorylation of PKCalpha at Thr(638/641), whereas PKCalpha inhibition suppressed basal or FN-induced expression of mda-9/syntenin. Second, inhibiting either mda-9/syntenin or PKCalpha suppressed FN-induced formation of integrin-beta(1)/FAK/c-Src signaling complexes. Third, inhibiting either mda-9/syntenin or PKCalpha suppressed FN-induced phosphorylation of FAK Tyr(397) and c-Src Tyr(416) and the induction of downstream effector signals to p38 and mitogen-activated protein kinase, Cdc42, and NF-kappaB. In summary, our findings offer evidence that mda-9/syntenin acts as a molecular adaptor linking PKCalpha and FAK activation in a pathway of FN adhesion by human breast cancer and melanoma cells.
Contaminant Detection Method Utilizing Polarization Characteristics of Light Reflected from LSI Patterns (1989)

The major cause of defects in the initial process for manufacturing high-integration LSI circuits lies in contaminants which arise during the manufacturing process. Therefore, the accurate assessment of the presence of such contaminants and application of measures to deal these contaminants at an early stage is of great importance. The present research was undertaken with the purpose of developing automatic inspection techniques for the detection of minute contaminants on patterned wafer surfaces during the production process by optically distinguishing the contaminants from the background pattern.This paper describes an optical technique for revealing the presence of contaminants by utilizing differences in the polarization characteristics of the light scattered from the pattern and from the contaminants. The approach to development of this technique consisted in investigating the appropriate conditions with respect to illumination and polarization analysis for emphasizing (a) the scattered light from contaminants and (b) the reflected light from the background pattern, then illuminating the sample in accordance with the conditions (a) and (b), and detecting the contaminants by computation on the basis of comparison between the two detected signals corresponding to (a) and (b) which generate from the same point of the sample.This study has proved the following two results. (1) As regards the above conditions (a): in order to obtain a proportional relationship between the size of the contaminant particles and the detected signal indicating the scattered light from these particles, the inclination angle w1 of the illuminating light must not exceed 5 degrees. As regards the above conditions (b): increasing the illumination angle w2 tends to increase the result of the comparative computation of the detected signal from the contaminant. (2) Varying the illumination angle w2 does not cause any great variations in the result of the comparative computation of the detected signal from the pattern.On the basis of the above facts, experiments to distinguish the contaminants from the pattern were conducted using an experimental apparatus with the settings w1=2° and w2=30°. The results of these experiments indicated that contaminant particles as small as 1μm in diameter can be detected and confirmed the effectiveness of the present method.The present method is new in that objects (i.e., contaminants) can be optically distinguished from the background (i.e., the pattern) by comparative computation with respect to two detected signals from the sample.
Channel Coding Optimization Based on Slice Visibility for Transmission of Compressed Video over OFDM Channels (2012)

Optimization of multimedia transmissions over wireless channels should be aimed at maximizing the video quality perceived by the final user. For transmission of video sequences over an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in a slowly varying Rayleigh faded environment, we develop a cross-layer technique, based on a slice loss visibility (SLV) model used to evaluate the visual importance of each slice. In particular, taking into account the visibility scores available from the bitstream, depending on the scenario, we optimize the mapping of video slices within a 2-D time-frequency resource block and/or the channel code rates, in order to better protect more visually important slices. The proposed algorithm is investigated for several scenarios, with different levels of information about the channel available in the optimization process. Results demonstrate that, for different physical environments and different video sequences, the proposed algorithm outperforms baseline ones which do not take into account either the SLV or the CSI in the video transmission.
Corrosion prevention with an organic metal (polyaniline): Surface ennobling, passivation, corrosion test results (1996)

Abstract Progress on the area of passivation of metallic materials by polyaniline is being presented. The redoxcatalytic reaction leading to the formation of a passivating oxide layer has been evaluated, and a reaction scheme is shown. Results of corrosion tests are described as well.
Calibration of force sensing resistors (fsr) for static and dynamic applications (2010)

This article shows a procedure to calibrate Force Sensing Resistors (FSR), whose manufacturers rarely offer calibration details. Literature and experience show that, due to the nature of FSR construction, its time dependency makes it hard to calibrate at first glance by simple measurements. The methodology employed is based upon the comparison of the measured data obtained from a FSR with the one obtained from a calibrated load cell. The force loading and unloading processes are performed automatically with a mechatronic device which allows having time invariant and variant force profiles. Special analysis is taken over creep and hysteresis compensation along with its relation with static and dynamic applications with the help of existing literature. At the end a time dependant function is obtained that relates the force applied on the sensor, and the signal obtained from it, allowing for the use on applications to measure force and pressure in ranges from 0 to 20N and 0 to 100mmHg respectively.
Advances in short-wavelength x-ray multilayer optics: toward high-throughput multimirror systems for the wavelengths <10 nm (2007)

This paper presents novel approaches and techniques in development and application of multi-mirror X-ray optical systems operating in the spectral region of "carbon window" (λ ~ 4.5 nm). Two approaches for fabrication of the graded Co/C multilayer mirrors for Schwarzschild objective are presented. A pair of the spherical mirrors with Co/C multilayer coatings was tested in combination with scandium/carbon filters and laser produced plasma X-ray source for stereoimaging of low density materials at λ ~ 4.5 nm.
Transfer of patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotubes onto plastic substrates for flexible electronics and field emission devices (2009)

A direct transfer method for fabricating flexible electronics without the assistance of an adhesive layer and stamp is reported in this paper. This rapid and simple method provides an approach for the application of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) on plastic substrates. After transfer, the VA-CNTs maintained their initial orientation in the designed pattern and showed sufficient adhesion to the substrate under extreme bending conditions. The flexible device performed an emission on the transparent substrate and showed a low turn-on of 1.13 V/μm. This VA-CNT-based flexible device, which exhibits electrical resistance sensitive to bending, is also described herein.
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of <i>Acrossocheilus paradoxus</i> (Cyprinidae) in Taiwan (2000)

Nucleotide sequences of 3' end of the cytochrome b gene, tRNA genes, D-loop control region, and the 5' end of the 12S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to assess the genetic and phylogeographic structure of Acrossocheilus paradoxus populations, a Cyprinidae fish of Taiwan. A hierarchical examination of populations in 12 major streams from three geographical regions using an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates high genetic differentiation both among populations (PhiST = 0.511, P < 0.001) and among regions (PhiCT = 0.368, P < 0.001). Limited migration largely contributed to the genetic differentiation. High nucleotide diversity (1.13%) and haplotype diversity (0.80%) were detected among populations. The degree of genetic differentiation was correlated with geographical distance between populations, a result consistent with the one-dimensional stepping stone models. A neighbour-joining tree recovered by (DAMBE) supports the pattern of isolation by distance and reveals a closer relationship between populations of the central and southern regions. A minimum spanning network based on nucleotide substitutions reflected migration routes from populations of the central region to the northern and southern regions, respectively. Postglacial colonization and expansion can explain the phylogeographical pattern. Single and ancient migration events may have allowed the northern region to attain the monophyly of mtDNA alleles. In contrast, most populations within geographical regions are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic due to the relatively shorter time period for coalescence. Both low haplotype number and genetic variability suggest a bottleneck event in the Chingmei population of northern Taiwan. Based on coalescence theory, the monophyly of the Tungkang population of the southern region may be associated with a founder event.
MXene/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, and Applications (2021)

Since the successful preparation of few-layer transition metal carbides from three-dimensional MAX phases in 2011, MXenes (known as a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have been intensively studied. Though MXenes have been adopted as active materials in many applications, issues including aggregation and restacking are likely to hamper their potential applications. In order to address these prevailing challenges, the concept of MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids was proposed initially in 2015, where CNTs were incorporated as the spacers and conductive additives. Ever since, MXene/CNT hybrids with different architectures have been synthesized by a number of methods and applied in numerous fields. Herein, after the discussion about general synthesis approaches, architectures, and properties of the hybrids, this Review summarized the recent advances in the application of MXene/CNT hybrids in energy storage devices, sensors, electrocatalysis, electromagnetic interference shielding, and water treatment, in which the function of individual components was clarified. In the end, the current research trend in this field were discussed and several technical issues were highlighted along with some suggestions on future research directions.
Treatment of preestablished diet-induced fatty liver by oral fatty acid–bile acid conjugates in rodents (2008)

Oral FABAC therapy decreased liver fat in preestablished NAFLD in mice and rats. Inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity and fatty acid synthesis are mechanisms that may contribute to this decrease. FABACs may be potential therapeutic agents for human NAFLD.
Anti-Egfr Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: How to Choose The Right Patient (2009)

The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab have established efficacy as single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. However, only a small percentage of unselected patients (around 10%) are responsive to these costly agents. Mutations in the KRAS gene are associated with resistance to both cetuximab and panitumumab and account for approximately 30% to 40% of resistant patients. Nevertheless, having an intact KRAS is necessary but not sufficient to derive benefit from EGFR inhibition. Further, positive predictive markers that are currently being evaluated include an increase in EGFR gene copy number and additional data suggest that other EGFR downstream pathways such as the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways are also important when considering mechanisms of EGFR antibody resistance. New data seem to support the role of BRAF mutational status. In addition, high mRNA levels of the EGFR-ligands Epiregulin and Amphiregulin have been associated with increased responsiveness to cetuximab. In this article we will review the available clinical and experimental data potentially useful for a better patients' selection.
Long-acting protein drugs for the treatment of ocular diseases (2017)

Protein drugs that neutralize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), such as aflibercept or ranibizumab, rescue vision in patients with retinal vascular diseases. Nonetheless, optimal visual outcomes require intraocular injections as frequently as every month. Here we report a method to extend the intravitreal half-life of protein drugs as an alternative to either encapsulation or chemical modifications with polymers. We combine a 97-amino-acid peptide of human origin that binds hyaluronan, a major macromolecular component of the eye's vitreous, with therapeutic antibodies and proteins. When administered to rabbit and monkey eyes, the half-life of the modified proteins is increased ∼3-4-fold relative to unmodified proteins. We further show that prototype long-acting anti-VEGF drugs (LAVAs) that include this peptide attenuate VEGF-induced retinal changes in animal models of neovascular retinal disease ∼3-4-fold longer than unmodified drugs. This approach has the potential to reduce the dosing frequency associated with retinal disease treatments.
Thiodiketopiperazines from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Phoma</i> sp. OUCMDZ-1847 (2013)

Three new thiodiketopiperazines, named phomazines A-C (1-3), along with 10 known analogues (4-13), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. OUCMDZ-1847, associated with the mangrove plant Kandelia candel. The structures including the absolute configurations of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and Mosher's methods along with quantum ECD and (13)C NMR calculations. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 11, and 12 showed cytotoxicities against the HL-60, HCT-116, K562, MGC-803, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.05 to 8.5 μM.
Recombinant adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene delivery of long chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) into LCAD‐deficient mice (2008)

These studies show that rAAV-mediated delivery of mLCAD was efficient and led to an amelioration of local and systemic pathologies observed in partially deficient LCAD mice.
Impaired Diastolic Recovery after Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Predictor of Adverse Events (2015)

Despite improvement in LV systolic function, LV diastolic function had not improved in 222 patients (47.9%) by the 6-month follow-up after the index AMI, and impaired diastolic functional recovery was found to be an independent predictor of MACE. Evaluation of diastolic function would be a useful way to stratify risk in patients discharged after an index AMI.
Serum VEGF-A and CCL5 levels as candidate biomarkers for efficacy and toxicity of regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (2016)

Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor used as salvage therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We tested whether serum cytokine levels are associated with clinical outcome in the mCRC patients receiving regorafenib. Serum samples were collected before treatment start, day 21, and progressive disease, and eleven angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine serum levels were examined. Fifty-four patients of a total of 62 enrolled patients were eligible for the analyses. The chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) levels ≤ cut-off value (59959 pg/ml) at baseline was associated with relative tumor shrinkage (P = 0.021), better progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.036) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.019). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels showing a decrease on day 21 were significantly associated with a better PFS (P = 0.021). CCL5 levels ≤ cut-off was associated with any grade hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) (P = 0.025) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.013). Low chemokine ligand 2 levels at baseline were associated with grade 2 ≤ HFSR. High angiopoietin-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels at baseline were associated with grade 3 ≤ total bilirubin increase and transaminases increase, respectively. Low bFGF levels at baseline were associated with grade 3 ≤ hypertension. No correlation with severe events was observed. Baseline serum CCL5 levels and decrease of the serum VEGF-A levels may serve as potential predictive markers for survival or treatment-specific toxicities in mCRC patients receiving regorafenib.
Increased NK cell immunity in a transgenic mouse model of NKp46 overexpression (2017)

Natural Killer (NK) cells employ activating receptors like the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs: NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), of which only NKp46 has a mouse orthologue (Ncr1), to eliminate abnormal cells. NKp46/Ncr1 is considered a selective marker for NK cells, although it is also found on a subset of ILCs, where it appears to be without function. The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) was the first ligand identified for Ncr1/NKp46 followed by other viral, bacterial and even fungal ligands. NKp46/Ncr1 also recognizes unknown self and tumor ligands. Here we describe the generation of a transgenic mouse where the Ncr1 gene is expressed in the Rosa locus, preceded by a floxed stop sequence allowing Ncr1/NKp46 expression in various tissues upon crossing with Cre transgenic mouse lines. Surprisingly, while several crossings were attempted, Ncr1 overexpression was successful only where cre recombinase expression was dependent on the Ncr1 promoter. Ncr1 overexpression in NK cells increased NK cell immunity in two hallmark Ncr1 related pathologies, influenza virus infection and B16 melanoma. These data suggest that increasing NK cell cytotoxicity by enforced NKp46/Ncr1 expression serves as a potential therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of various pathologies, and in immunotherapy.
Performance Engineering for Microservices (2017)

Microservices complement approaches like DevOps and continuous delivery in terms of software architecture. Along with this architectural style, several important deployment technologies, such as container-based virtualization and container orchestration solutions, have emerged. These technologies allow to efficiently exploit cloud platforms, providing a high degree of scalability, availability, and portability for microservices.
Expression of integrin cell adhesion receptors during human airway epithelial repair in vivo (1997)

Airway epithelium is subject to injury during inflammation and exposure to a variety of inhaled and infectious agents. Little is known about the expression of integrins during human airway epithelial regeneration and differentiation after injury. We therefore characterized integrin subunit expression after mechanical injury in an in vivo xenograft model of human bronchial epithelium. On the migrating cells at the edges of surface epithelial wounds, there was increased expression of the alpha v-, beta 5-, beta 6-, and alpha 5-integrin subunits. During the later phase of repair, the increased expression of alpha v-, beta 5-, and beta 6-subunits persisted, but the expression of the beta 8-subunits was restricted to basal cells. In addition, there was a redistribution of the alpha 2- and alpha 6-collagen/laminin-binding integrins to suprabasal epithelial layers. There was no expression of the beta 3- or alpha 4-integrin subunit on reparative epithelium. A similar upregulation of alpha v-, beta 5-, and beta 6-integrin receptor subunits was observed in areas of undifferentiated airway from cystic fibrosis patients. Injured epithelium was found to be significantly more susceptible to gene transfer with a recombinant adenovirus, suggesting that the increased integrin expression has implications for the acquisition of adenovirus infections and for lung-directed gene therapy.
Turning toward growth: part I (1998)

Re‐engineering companies should be about more than mere downsizing to cut organizational costs. It is important that the organization should be refocussed and the remaining employees (at all levels) remotivated towards growth. Part I of this article details the five stages successful turnaround leaders use in order to rebuild organizations. It also notes the danger of being stuck in the retrenchment phase where cost‐cutting and downsizing becomes a way of life. By continuously recycling through the five stages and placing emphasis on turning toward growth, organizations can avoid this scenario.
Formatting by Demonstration: An Interactive Machine Learning Approach (2014)

Many routine formatting tasks are subject to patterns. This is especially true of formatting actions performed by users in Excel. Excel has built-in functionality to perform some of these tasks, however their application requires the user to explicitly define logical rules. We show that by using interactive machine learning techniques, such patterns can be learned automatically by iteratively analyzing actions as they are performed by the user. This decreases the amount of work required of the user, and eliminates the necessity of explicitly defining logical rules. Our results show that many useful formatting patterns can be learned with only a few examples.