gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and comparison of homography based estimation techniques for camera to road surface orientation (2016)

This paper focuses on dynamic orientation estimation of a vehicle-mounted mono camera. In particular, the pitch and roll angles of the camera relative to the road surface. Information about the orientation angles is included in the homography (projective transformation) between two images of a planar road surface. The extraction of angles from a homography matrix is possible but not recommended due to parameter ambiguities. For this reason we do not estimate a full homography matrix but reduce the parameter space to two parameters. In this area of parameter estimation there are mainly two different approaches: The optical flow based approach and the image registration based approach. In order to decide which of these approaches is more favorable for the angle estimation problem, we develop one optical flow based and one image registration based angle estimation algorithm. We are the first directly evaluating and comparing both approaches with each other with the help of an artificial image sequence as well as real-world driving scenarios. In addition, this paper lifts the common limitation of roll angle of zero degree for dynamic camera orientation estimation. Our research finds that there is only a small difference between the parameter estimation results of the optical flow and image registration based approach.
Least Privilege Rendering in a 3D Web Browser (2014)

Emerging platforms such as Kinect, Epson Moverio, or Meta SpaceGlasses enable immersive experiences, where applica-tions display content on multiple walls and multiple devices, detect objects in the world, and display content near those objects. App stores for these platforms enable users to run applications from third parties. Unfortunately, to display content properly near objects and on room surfaces, these applications need highly sensitive information, such as video and depth streams from the room, thus creating a serious privacy problem for app users. To solve this problem, we introduce two new abstractions enabling least privilege interactions of apps with the room. First, a room skeleton that provides least privilege for ren-dering, unlike previous approaches that focus on inputs alone. Second, a detection sandbox that allows registering content to show if an object is detected, but prevents the application from knowing if the object is present. To demonstrate our ideas, we have built SurroundWeb, a 3D browser that enables web applications to use object recognition and room display capabilities with our least priv-ilege abstractions. We used SurroundWeb to build appli-cations for immersive presentation experiences, karaoke, etc. To assess the privacy of our approach, we used user sur-veys to demonstrate that the information revealed by our abstractions is acceptable. SurroundWeb does not lead to unacceptable runtime overheads: after a one-time setup pro-cedure that scans a room for projectable surfaces in about a minute, our prototype can render immersive multi-display web rooms at greater than 30 frames per second with up to 25 screens and up to a 1,440×720 display. 1.
Structure-Based Bayesian Sparse Reconstruction (2012)

Sparse signal reconstruction algorithms have attracted research attention due to their wide applications in various fields. In this paper, we present a simple Bayesian approach that utilizes the sparsity constraint and a priori statistical information (Gaussian or otherwise) to obtain near optimal estimates. In addition, we make use of the rich structure of the sensing matrix encountered in many signal processing applications to develop a fast sparse recovery algorithm. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is very low compared with the widely used convex relaxation methods as well as greedy matching pursuit techniques, especially at high sparsity.
Production of isomelezitose from sucrose by engineered glucansucrases (2017)

Abstract Certain lactic acid bacteria produce glycosyltransferases known as glucansucrases, which synthesize α-D-glucans via glucosyl transfer from sucrose. We recently reported on the formation of the unusual trisaccharide isomelezitose in low yields by a variety of glucansucrases. Isomelezitose is a rare non-reducing trisaccharide, with the structure α-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→6)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-d-glucopyranoside. In this work, we describe the synthesis of isomelezitose in high yields by variants of glucansucrases engineered to contain a single point mutation at a key leucine residue involved in acceptor substrate binding. Some variants produce isomelezitose in yields up to 57%. This method is amenable to large-scale production of isomelezitose for food, industrial and biomedical applications.
Spray-Dried Iron Fischer−Tropsch Catalysts. 1. Effect of Structure on the Attrition Resistance of the Catalysts in the Calcined State (2001)

The use of Fe Fischer−Tropsch (F−T) catalysts in slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) has been problematic in the past because of their poor attrition resistance. Recently, we have reported the preparation of spray-dried Fe F−T catalysts having attrition resistance suitable for SBCR use, but the reason for this improvement was not clear. This paper focuses on research done to better understand the reason for the high attrition resistance of some of the Fe catalysts prepared. Understanding the relationship between the catalyst attrition resistance and composition/structure is important for the preparation of attrition-resistant Fe catalysts. In the present study, two series of spray-dried Fe F−T catalysts having the composition Fe/Cu/K/SiO2 but with different amounts of precipitated and/or binder SiO2 were investigated. All of the catalysts studied were evaluated in their calcined form. This was done to minimize any possible attrition due to Fe phase change (such as can occur during activation and F−T synthesis) in order to address the effect of the other catalyst properties. A companion paper addresses attrition due to phase change after carburization. It was found that particle density, principally among other particle properties of the catalysts, correlated with the intrinsic catalyst attrition resistance. Changes in fluidization in the jet cup attrition test with changes in particle density only had minimal effects on the results. Particle density differences reflected differences in the catalyst inner structure. Differences in SiO2 type and concentration resulted in different structures for the SiO2 network and therefore affected the catalyst structure.
White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) detected in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods (1996)

Whlte spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) has been found across ddferent shrimp species and in different Asian countries. The detection of WSBV in shrimp with white spot syndrome has already been achieved by means of l-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In an attempt to establish a more sensitive assay, we evaluated the effect of 2-step amplification with nested primers on the sensitivity of WSBV diagnostic PCR. The sensitivity of the 2-step amplification was 10" to 10"imes higher than that of l-step amplification. Using both techniques, we successfully detected WSBV DNA in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Cultured Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp), P. japonicus (kuruma shrimp), P penicjllatus (red tail shrimp), and Metapenaeus ensis (sand shrimp) displaying white spot syndrome were collected from farms at different localities. One-step amplification of the DNA extracted from these shrimps consistently yielded an expected 1447 bp PCR product. Some of the tested specimens of cultured Scylla serrata (mud crab) that exhibited white spot syndrome were positive in l-step WSBV diagnostic PCR, while others were positive only in 2-step WSBV diagnostic PCR. Use of the 2-step amplification protocol also detected a WSBV-specific DNA fragment in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (the giant freshwater prawn) exhibiting white spot syndrome. We also confirmed that WSBV exists in wild-caught shrimp (P monodon, f! japonicus, P semisulcatus and P penicillatus) and crabs (Charybdisferiatus. Portunuspelagicus and P. sanguinolentus) collected from the natural environment in coastal waters around southern Taiwan. Detection of WSBV in non-cultured arthropods collected from WSBV-affected shrimp farms revealed that copepods, the pest crab Hehce tndens, small pest Palaemonidae prawn and the larvae of an Ephydridae insect were reservoir hosts of WSBV. The relatedness between WSBV and Thailand's systemc ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) is d~scussed in this paper.
Achieving minimum-error discrimination of an arbitrary set of laser-light pulses (2013)

Laser light is widely used for communication and sensing applications, so the optimal discrimination of coherent states---the quantum states of light emitted by an ideal laser---has immense practical importance. Due to fundamental limits imposed by quantum mechanics, such discrimination has a finite minimum probability of error. While concrete optical circuits for the optimal discrimination between two coherent states are well known, the generalization to larger sets of coherent states has been challenging. In this paper, we show how to achieve optimal discrimination of any set of coherent states using a resource-efficient quantum computer. Our construction leverages a recent result on discriminating multicopy quantum hypotheses [Blume-Kohout, Croke, and Zwolak, arXiv:1201.6625]. As illustrative examples, we analyze the performance of discriminating a ternary alphabet and show how the quantum circuit of a receiver designed to discriminate a binary alphabet can be reused in discriminating multimode hypotheses. Finally, we show that our result can be used to achieve the quantum limit on the rate of classical information transmission on a lossy optical channel, which is known to exceed the Shannon rate of all conventional optical receivers.
Evaluation of a singular-spectrum analysis algorithm for detecting two types of brachytherapy seeds commonly used to treat prostate cancer. (2008)

Brachytherapy for prostate-cancer treatment involves permanent implantation of radioactive seeds into the gland. Reliable imaging of implanted seeds is needed to correct dosimetry errors in the operating room. A singular-spectrum analysis algorithm previously was able to detect palladium seeds over various angles between the seed and ultrasound-beam axes. We subsequently evaluated algorithm performance with iodine seeds. The algorithm extracts pairs of eigenvalues from the autocorrelation matrix of seed echo signals. Selected eigenvalues are used to compute a P-value for seed presence. The algorithm was applied to echo signals obtained using a 5-MHz transducer to scan seeds implanted into an acoustically transparent gel pad and a piece of ex vivo beef. The angle of the seed axis with respect to the beam axis was varied from normal to the beam axis to 20 deg from normal. Algorithm performance was denoted by a score computed from P-values. Scores for both seed types in beef varied from 70 to 40 dB over the range of angles studied. Scores computed from B-mode images were approximately 30 dB lower indicating superior contrast with the SSA algorithm. The SSA algorithm was successful in detecting palladium and iodine seeds over a range of angles to the ultrasound beam.
Reliable online human signature verification systems (1996)

Online dynamic signature verification systems were designed and tested. A database of more than 10,000 signatures in (x(t), y(t))-form was acquired using a graphics tablet. We extracted a 42-parameter feature set at first, and advanced to a set of 49 normalized features that tolerate inconsistencies in genuine signatures while retaining the power to discriminate against forgeries. We studied algorithms for selecting and perhaps orthogonalizing features in accordance with the availability of training data and the level of system complexity. For decision making we studied several classifiers types. A modified version of our majority classifier yielded 2.5% equal error rate and, more importantly, an asymptotic performance of 7% false acceptance rate at zero false rejection rate, was robust to the speed of genuine signatures, and used only 15 parameter features.
Stabilization of polyaniline solutions (1993)

Adding hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) to N-methyl- pyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions of polyaniline delays gelation. It is hypothesized that HALS act in some manner other than as traditional antioxidants in preventing gelation; the secondary amine functional group appears to play a critical role, perhaps by disrupting the physical crystallization network that may contribute to gelation. Pyrrolidine, a secondary amine, or ammonia is an effective cosolvent with NMP in dissolving PAn-EB (emeraldine base). 6 refs, 4 figs.
Abstract IA18: Large-scale familial whole genome sequencing to evaluate genetic risk. (2012)

Abstract Whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology and analysis is quickly approaching the stage of development where it can become a medically recognized procedure for prognostics as well as diagnostics. Critical to the development of medical-grade whole genome sequencing is the ability to recognize and minimize technological and biological variation in WGS data. The Inova Translational Medicine Institute (ITMI) has completed a study that generated 1500 whole genome sequences in 15 months and recently launched a study that will generate 20,000 WGS over the next two years. The 1500 sequenced genomes were from individuals from 53 countries, representing four major ancestral groups and many minor sub-groups. ITMI used these data to generate a database of ancestral-specific variants. This database can be used to identify single nucleotide variants in patients with a specific ancestral background as ancestral-specific sequences instead of mutations. This ancestral information was applied to the 487 cancer genes identified in the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Cancer Gene Census, in an attempt to identify germline mutations in these genes, in our cohort of 1500 participants. The result of this analysis identifies the incidence and type of germline mutations in various ethnic groups. The ethical question that remains is what to do with incidental finding of this type as medical whole genome sequencing becomes a common tool in the practice of medicine. Citation Format: Joseph Vockley, Ramaswamy Iyer, Kathi Huddleston, John Niederhuber. Large-scale familial whole genome sequencing to evaluate genetic risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
PCM-based High-density Thermal Storage Systems for Residential and Small Commercial Retrofit Applications (2015)

Environmental cooling loads comprise 11% of overall electric usage in the United States, and during peak cooling months in hot/humid climates these cooling loads can comprise more than 50% of peak electric energy loads. Thermal storage systems can shift these environmental cooling loads to non-peak hours, making better use of baseload generation capacity as well as reducing the need for expensive and environmentally inefficient peak power plants. Residential and small commercial buildings generate much of the cooling responsible for peak electric load, but these structures may not have the space or facilities to support conventional sensible energy thermal storage systems, such a chilled water thermal storage tanks. For these applications a compact, high-density, retrofittable thermal storage system is needed. This paper investigates the development, testing, and modeling of a compact, scalable PCM (phase change material) based latent thermal storage system for these applications. The results show that a simple tube-encapsulated, tetradecane PCM-based thermal storage system can reduce the size of a thermal store by at a factor of between 2 and 4 while providing acceptable energy recovery rates.
Method for automatic artifacts detection in human MR images (2008)

A method for detecting, in single time-point, in-vivo imaging data related to artifacts in the imaging of objects, includes acquiring at least one in-vivo image with imaging apparatus. A background image corresponds to imaged air of the in-vivo image. The background image is obtained in two ...
Enhancing the stability of metal–organic frameworks in humid air by incorporating water repellent functional groups (2010)

We report a modular construction of a new metal-organic framework (MOF) by strategically incorporating a number of water repellent functional groups in the frameworks. These MOFs demonstrate both open structure for high sorption capability and strong water resistance.
Stable GM<sub>3</sub> Lactone Mimetic Raises Antibodies Specific for the Antigens Expressed on Melanoma Cells (2010)

Immunotherapy of tumors and of melanoma in particular has a long history, and recently this therapeutic approach found a reliable scientific rationale. This biological therapy aims to teach the patient's immune system to recognize the antigens expressed on tumor cells and destroy them, leaving normal cells intact. The success of this therapy highly depends on the selection of target antigens that are essential for tumors growth and progression. The overexpression of GM(3) ganglioside 1 and especially the expression of its metabolite GM(3) lactone 2 characterize murine and human melanomas, playing an important role in tumor progression and making such self-antigens potential targets for the immunotherapy of these neoplasms. Although more immunogenic than its precursor, GM(3) lactone 2 is unsuitable to be used in immunotherapy as a melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) because it is unstable under physiological conditions. We designed and synthesized the hydrolytically stable mimetic 3, which is remarkably simpler than the native lactone 2; after conjugation of 3 to the protein carrier keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH), the obtained glycoprotein 5 was used as the immunogen in vivo to successfully elicit specific antimelanoma antibodies. In fact, no appreciable binding to GM(1) was observed. Capitalizing on the stability and on the reduced structural complexity of mimetic 3, the immunostimulant 5 we report represents a new promising synthetic glycoconjugate for the immunotherapy of melanoma.
Speeding Up Physical Synthesis with Transactional Timing Analysis (2010)

Modern physical-synthesis flows operate on very large designs and perform increasingly aggressive timing optimizations. Traditional incremental timing analysis now represents the single greatest bottleneck in such optimizations and lacks the features necessary to support them efficiently. This article describes a paradigm of transactional timing analysis, which, together with incremental updates, offers an efficient, nested undo functionality that avoids significant timing calculations.
An efficient on-the-fly encoding algorithm for binary and finite field LDPC codes (2009)

We present a general framework on prototype structures for efficiently encoding low density parity check codes on-the-fly. The encoding algorithm is applicable to finite field based codes and can handle a wide range of high code rates and large block lengths. This structure can be used particularly in data storage and multimedia applications with increased code rate and throughput requirements. We also establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such encoders.
Amido-bridged nucleic acids with small hydrophobic residues enhance hepatic tropism of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo (2015)

High scalability of a novel bicyclic nucleoside building block, amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA), to diversify pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides is described. N2'-functionalization of AmNA with a variety of hydrophobic groups is straightforward. Combinations of these modules display similar antisense knockdown effects and improve cellular uptake, relative to sequence-matched conventional 2',4'-bridged nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA) in vivo.
Learning like a Child: Fast Novel Visual Concept Learning from Sentence Descriptions of Images (2015)

In this paper, we address the task of learning novel visual concepts, and their interactions with other concepts, from a few images with sentence descriptions. Using linguistic context and visual features, our method is able to efficiently hypothesize the semantic meaning of new words and add them to its word dictionary so that they can be used to describe images which contain these novel concepts. Our method has an image captioning module based on m-RNN with several improvements. In particular, we propose a transposed weight sharing scheme, which not only improves performance on image captioning, but also makes the model more suitable for the novel concept learning task. We propose methods to prevent overfitting the new concepts. In addition, three novel concept datasets are constructed for this new task. In the experiments, we show that our method effectively learns novel visual concepts from a few examples without disturbing the previously learned concepts. The project page is http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~junhua.mao/projects/child_learning.html
Origin, Control, and Application of Supramolecular Chirogenesis in Bisporphyrin-Based Systems (2004)

The rationalization of various aspects of the mechanism of chirality induction in supramolecular assemblies based upon the complexes formed between an ethane-linked bisoctaethylporphyrin and chiral ligands is described. The influence of various controlling factors such as bonding strength, host-guest steric interactions, equilibria and thermodynamic parameters, temperature and solvent effects, role of the center metal ion, stoichiometry, and phase transition on the chirality induction processes have been investigated, and the results and implications are discussed. As a result of such detailed understanding, it is possible to employ this bisporphyrin system as an effective chirality sensor for the determination of absolute configuration.
Neural-network models for the blood glucose metabolism of a diabetic (1999)

We study the application of neural networks to modeling the blood glucose metabolism of a diabetic. In particular we consider recurrent neural networks and time series convolution neural networks which we compare to linear models and to nonlinear compartment models. We include a linear error model to take into account the uncertainty in the system and for handling missing blood glucose observations. Our results indicate that best performance can be achieved by the combination of the recurrent neural network and the linear error model.