gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing and modeling of square carbon fiber-reinforced elastomeric seismic isolators (2007)

Steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs), as an effective seismic isolation device, are the most common isolators in use. However, SREIs are typically heavy and expensive and, as a result, application of these devices is often limited to large and expensive structures. A reduction in the cost and weight of elastomeric isolators would permit a significant increase in their application to many ordinary residential and commercial buildings. Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are a new type of elastomeric bearing that employs fiber as the reinforcement material rather than steel. FREIs have several advantages over traditional SREIs including superior damping properties, lower manufacturing cost, light weight, and the possibility of being produced in long rectangular strips with individual isolators cut to the required size. This paper presents a brief literature review on experiments with FREIs, and reports on an experimental study conducted on carbon FREIs from which the mechanical properties of the bearings, including displacement characteristics and damping values are evaluated. A brief description of an analytical approach to model the cyclic response of the bearings is another component of this paper. As a special application, the bearings considered in this study were not bonded to the test platens. For bearings having suitable aspect ratio values, this particular type of application resulted in a stable rollover deformation, which reduced the horizontal stiffness and increased the efficiency of the bearing as a seismic isolator device. Test results suggest that for many high seismic risk regions worldwide, the application considered in this study can be viable for the base isolation of ordinary low-rise buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RTP Media Stream Pause and Resume (2014)

With the increased popularity of real-time multimedia applications, it
is desirable to provide good control of resource usage, and users also
demand more control over communication sessions. This document
describes how a receiver in a multimedia conversation can pause and
resume incoming data from a sender by sending real-time feedback
messages when using Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) for real time
data transport. This document extends the Codec Control Messages (CCM)
RTCP feedback package by explicitly allowing and describing specific
use of existing CCM messages and adding a group of new real- time
feedback messages used to pause and resume RTP data streams. This
document updates RFC 5104.
Channel Charting: Locating Users Within the Radio Environment Using Channel State Information (2018)

We propose channel charting (CC), a novel framework in which a multi-antenna network element learns a chart of the radio geometry in its surrounding area. The channel chart captures the local spatial geometry of the area so that points that are close in space will also be close in the channel chart and vice versa. CC works in a fully unsupervised manner, i.e., learning is only based on channel state information (CSI) that is passively collected at a single point in space, but from multiple transmit locations in the area over time. The method then extracts channel features that characterize large-scale fading properties of the wireless channel. Finally, the channel charts are generated with tools from dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, and deep neural networks. The network element performing CC may be, for example, a multi-antenna base-station in a cellular system and the charted area in the served cell. Logical relationships related to the position and movement of a transmitter, e.g., a user equipment (UE), in the cell, can then be directly deduced from comparing measured radio channel characteristics to the channel chart. The unsupervised nature of CC enables a range of new applications in UE localization, network planning, user scheduling, multipoint connectivity, hand-over, cell search, user grouping, and other cognitive tasks that rely on CSI and UE movement relative to the base station, without the need of information from global navigation satellite systems.
Fully Functional 64MB STT-MRAM Utilizing Advanced PMTJ on 300MM Wafers (2016)

We report industry's first 64Mb perpendicular MTJ (pMTJ) spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM).
Lightweight security scheme for vehicle tracking system using CoAP (2013)

In this paper we present a lightweight security scheme for authentication and key management to establish a secure channel for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for an IoT (Internet of Things) application. We choose Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) as lightweight application layer protocol. Low overhead security is still an open challenge for CoAP. We propose a payload embedded low cost symmetric-key based robust authentication and key management mechanism on CoAP. This minimizes the security overhead by eliminating expensive handshaking and ciphersuite agreement of standard TLS and DTLS. We propose some unique modification in the CoAP header to invoke its secure mode in an optimized manner. Further, we propose a secure channel with adaptive reliability which reduces the overall communication cost. Such a low overhead security scheme for CoAP is hitherto unexplored. The efficacy of our proposed scheme is demonstrated through laboratory experiments in an emulated environment.
Neuropilin-1 enforces Treg stability and function in the tumor microenvironment. (TUM2P.889) (2014)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an integral role in the adaptive immune system by suppressing detrimental self-reactive responses. However, Tregs have deleterious effects in cancer through suppression of the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, it is advantageous to understand the role of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment in order to create targeted cancer therapies. Our lab has uncovered a novel function for neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) on Tregs in tumors. In the absence of Nrp1 ligation by its ligand, Sema4a, Tregs lose stability and suppressive capabilities, leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity and reduced tumor growth or tumor clearance. We hypothesize that the loss of Nrp1 expression on Tregs reduces intratumoral stability through altered intracellular pathways and diminished Foxp3 expression, transforming Tregs from an anti-inflammatory to a pro-inflammatory T cell population. Nrp1-deficient Tregs have a hypermethylated Foxp3 CNS2/TSDR locus in the tumor microenvironment, comparable to Teff, and display TH1-like characteristics, with upregulation of Tbet, CXCR3, and IFNγ, and the reduction of suppressive molecules, IL-10 and CD73. Furthermore, in competitive environments Nrp1-deficient Tregs undermine and limit the function of wild-type Tregs. Further mechanistic analysis and fate mapping studies will elucidate the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic impact of Nrp1 loss on Treg function and tumor clearance.
Field Trials with a Bivalent Vaccine (HVT and SB-1) against Marek's Disease (1983)

White leghorn chickens on five farms were given a bivalent Marek's disease (MD) vaccine consisting of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and SB-1 (a nononcogenic MD virus); other chickens received only HVT. The farms had histories of "vaccination failures," presumably owing to an exceptionally virulent challenge MD virus. The bivalent vaccine uniformly protected chickens better than HVT alone between 12 and 16-20 weeks of age, when serious MD losses occurred. During that period, total mortality in groups given both viruses ranged from 0.39 to 1.26% (mean 0.86%), whereas that in HVT-vaccinated groups not exposed to SB-1 varied from 1.92 to 7.44% (mean 3.43%). Chickens in pens or rows with close contact to those given bivalent vaccine also had low MD mortality rates (0.46-1.06%, mean 0.77%), probably from the spread of SB-1.
Algorithms of All Pair Shortest Path Problem (2016)

This paper is based on survey of various algorithms for all pair shortest path problem (APSP) on arbitrary real weighted directed graphs. This paper has summarized existing methods for solving shortest-path problems. In particular, we have addressed both sequential and parallel algorithms. We begin with a review of conventional sequential shortest-path algorithms and later, we have discussed blocked and vectorized implementation, thereby with the aim of reducing computational effort.
Copper Chloride Cathode For Liquid-Sodium Cell (1990)

Rechargeable liquid-sodium cell with copper chloride cathode offers substantial increase in energy density over cells made with other cathode materials. Unit has theoretical maximum energy density of 1135 W.h/kg. Generates electricity by electrochemical reaction of molten sodium and solid copper chloride immersed in molten electrolyte, sodium tetrachloroaluminate at temperature of equal to or greater than 200 degrees C. Wall of alumina tube separates molten electrolyte from molten sodium anode. Copper chloride cathode embedded in pores of sintered nickel cylinder or directly sintered.
4D Scanning Transmission Ultrafast Electron Microscopy: Single-Particle Imaging and Spectroscopy (2011)

We report the development of 4D scanning transmission ultrafast electron microscopy (ST-UEM). The method was demonstrated in the imaging of silver nanowires and gold nanoparticles. For the wire, the mechanical motion and shape morphological dynamics were imaged, and from the images we obtained the resonance frequency and the dephasing time of the motion. Moreover, we demonstrate here the simultaneous acquisition of dark-field images and electron energy loss spectra from a single gold nanoparticle, which is not possible with conventional methods. The local probing capabilities of ST-UEM open new avenues for probing dynamic processes, from single isolated to embedded nanostructures, without being affected by the heterogeneous processes of ensemble-averaged dynamics. Such methodology promises to have wide-ranging applications in materials science and in single-particle biological imaging.
Beyond Werner: making optimally entangled arbitrary purity states (2005)

Summary form only given. Entangled states of multi-particle systems are arguably the quintessential feature of quantum mechanics. In addition to their central role in discussions of nonlocal quantum correlations, they form the basis of quantum information, and enable such phenomena as quantum cryptography, quantum dense coding, teleportation, and quantum computation. Yet surprisingly, to date only a limited class of entangled states has ever been produced. Via the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion in a pair of nonlinear crystals, it is now possible to produce, with high-efficiency, pairs of photons entangled in their polarization degree of freedom. Further, we can control both the extent of entanglement and the purity of the state.
CAN: Constrained Attention Networks for Multi-Aspect Sentiment Analysis (2019)

Mengting Hu, Shiwan Zhao, Li Zhang, Keke Cai, Zhong Su, Renhong Cheng, Xiaowei Shen. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes:  Conformation-Sensitive Optical Probes for Detection of Amyloid Fibril Formation (2005)

The in vivo deposition of amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of many devastating diseases known as the amyloidoses. Amyloid formation in vitro may also complicate production of proteins in the biotechnology industry. Simple, sensitive, and versatile tools that detect the fibrillar conformation of amyloidogenic proteins are thus of great importance. We have developed a negatively charged conjugated polyelectrolyte that displays different characteristic optical changes, detected visually or by absorption and emission, depending on whether the protein with which it forms a complex is in its native state or amyloid fibril conformation. This simple, rapid, and novel methodology was applied here to two amyloidogenic proteins, insulin and lysozyme, and its validity for detection of their fibrillar conformation was verified by currently used methods such as circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, and Congo red absorption.
Development of Power Saving Thermal Print Head (2009)

We examined a power saving on thermal printing.Development of Power saving thermal print head by 3D thermal analysis.Thermal printer is a simple structure, and it is small suitable. Therefore, it is widely used for a direct, thermal printer and a mobile printer of the built-in type. The power saving of a thermal head have to achieve for the battery longevity in a mobile printer and the speed-up of the Thermal printing.We looked into thermal head structure, energizing condition and medium structure suitable for power saving. The numerical analysis by the finite element method was applied to the examination.It reports on the content that optimizes the structure to make the printing quality united to the power saving.
Transaction communicators (2011)

In this paper, we propose to extend transactional memory with transaction communicators , special objects through which concurrent transactions can communicate: changes by one transaction to a communicator can be seen by concurrent transactions before the first transaction commits. Although isolation of transactions is compromised by such communication, we constrain the effects of this compromise by tracking dependencies among transactions, and preventing any transaction from committing unless every transaction whose changes it saw also commits. In particular, mutually dependent transactions must commit or abort together, and transactions that do not communicate remain isolated. To help programmers synchronize accesses to communicators, we also provide special communicator-isolating transactions , which ensure isolation even for accesses to communicators. We propose language features to help programmers express the communicator constructs. We implemented a novel communicators-enabled STM runtime in the Maxine VM. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates that communicators can be used in diverse settings to improve the performance of transactional programs, and to empower programmers with the ability to safely express within transactions important programming idioms that fundamentally require compromise of transaction isolation (e.g., CSP-style synchronous communication).
Critical-mode-based soft-switching modulation for three-phase rectifiers (2018)

In this paper, a novel critical-conduction-mode (CRM)-based soft-switching modulation is applied into three-phase rectifier application. With this modulation, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) soft switching turn-on is achieved and the efficiency of the rectifier is improved, especially for high frequency operation with SiC MOSFETs, whose turn-on energy is large while the turn-off energy is negligible. In three-phase electric vehicle (EV) charging station applications, by operating at above 300 kHz switching frequency, system power density is estimated to be at least five times higher than commercial products, while efficiency is estimated to be 98% ~ 99% with soft switching. Non-zero-voltage-switching (Non-ZVS) issue and instability issue are solved and good performance of the proposed modulation under rectifier mode operation is verified with simulation analysis. A 25 kW SiC-based three-phase bi-directional AC/DC converter prototype is built with 80 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. All the control functions are digitally implemented and experimentally verified on this prototype, and 99% peak efficiency is achieved for both inverter mode and rectifier mode operations at above 300 kHz high switching frequency.
Reduction of Atrial Defibrillation Threshold With an Interatrial Septal Electrode (2000)

The ADFT of the standard RAA-->CS configuration is markedly reduced with an additional electrode at the atrial SP.
A Fast Measurement of Asphaltene Onset Pressure (2020)

Summary A technique to quickly determine the asphaltene onset pressure (AOP) of a crude oil from low-volume, nonequilibrium measurements is presented. The pressure at which the optical signature indicative of asphaltene aggregation is first detected in recombined crude oils is found to decrease strongly with the rate of depressurization and can be well-described with a modified power law. This technique exploits this rate dependence and uses two separate decompressions at highly disparate depressurization rates to determine the AOP. Benchmarking with this technique was performed with recombined crude oils that were characterized with conventional pressure/volume/temperature analysis. Using this technique, measurements enabling the determination of the AOP of a live crude oil can be obtained in minutes with a nominal uncertainty of 500 psi. This is a significant reduction in time compared with the multihour process used for conventional equilibrium-based measurements. Onset-time data from these studies are consistent with conventional aggregation theories, but there is insufficient range to differentiate between reaction-limited aggregation (RLA) and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA).
Continuous Flow Photoelectrochemical Reactor for Solar Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Alcohols (2015)

A newly-designed continuous flow photoelectrochemical reactor (CFPR) was applied to the solar photoelectrosynthesis of alcohols from carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in aqueous media. Hybrid p-type CuO/Cu2O semiconductor nanorod arrays, prepared by a three-step synthesis method (sol-gel synthesis, thermal anneal, and cathodic electrodeposition) were used as photocathodes. Scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were used to characterize these hybrid materials at various stages of the preparation protocol as well as before and after being subjected to photoelectrolysis for selected periods of time. The performance of the CFPR with the hybrid photocathode was analyzed in CO2-saturated aqueous bicarbonate solution at −0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation for periods up to 5 h. The hybrid photocathode formulation facilitated efficient photoelectron injection to CO2 while its robustness and high photoelectrochemically active surface area enhanced the formation of alcohols. Gas chromatographic analyses of the photoelectrolysis solutions under a flow rate of 5 ml/h revealed ethanol to be the main product followed by isopropanol and methanol. The amounts of alcohol assayed indicated a faradaic efficiency ranging from 75 to 96%. The formation of C-C bonds in the products is a significant finding in this study and a mechanistic hypothesis is presented to account for products such as ethanol instead of methanol as is usually seen. Finally, the CFPR performance was numerically simulated to unravel the influence of flow rate and channel geometry on CO2 conversion and consumption rate.
Protective Skins for Aerogel Monoliths (2007)

A method of imparting relatively hard protective outer skins to aerogel monoliths has been developed. Even more than aerogel beads, aerogel monoliths are attractive as thermal-insulation materials, but the commercial utilization of aerogel monoliths in thermal-insulation panels has been inhibited by their fragility and the consequent difficulty of handling them. Therefore, there is a need to afford sufficient protection to aerogel monoliths to facilitate handling, without compromising the attractive bulk properties (low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, high surface area, and low permittivity) of aerogel materials. The present method was devised to satisfy this need. The essence of the present method is to coat an aerogel monolith with an outer polymeric skin, by painting or spraying. Apparently, the reason spraying and painting were not attempted until now is that it is well known in the aerogel industry that aerogels collapse in contact with liquids. In the present method, one prevents such collapse through the proper choice of coating liquid and process conditions: In particular, one uses a viscous polymer precursor liquid and (a) carefully controls the amount of liquid applied and/or (b) causes the liquid to become cured to the desired hard polymeric layer rapidly enough that there is not sufficient time for the liquid to percolate into the aerogel bulk. The method has been demonstrated by use of isocyanates, which, upon exposure to atmospheric moisture, become cured to polyurethane/polyurea-type coats. The method has also been demonstrated by use of commercial epoxy resins. The method could also be implemented by use of a variety of other resins, including polyimide precursors (for forming high-temperature-resistant protective skins) or perfluorinated monomers (for forming coats that impart hydrophobicity and some increase in strength).
Vertical power devices enabled by bulk GaN substrates (2019)

The realization of next-generation vertical GaN devices relies heavily on advances in both epitaxial growth of GaN drift layers on commercially available GaN substrates and selective area n-type and p-type doping in a planar process. Although homoepitaxial GaN is expected to provide more control over growth characteristics (e.g. crystallinity and doping), its reliability and reproducibility suffer at the hand of the native GaN substrates available to date. The variations in commercial GaN substrates span defect density, surface roughness, wafer bow, and photoluminescence properties. Thus, elucidating the role of GaN substrate properties on the growth and characteristics of resulting homoepitaxial GaN films has emerged as a new challenge towards next-generation GaN power devices. . In many other semiconductor materials such as Si and SiC, ion implantation is a routine step in most processing sequences for selective area doping and greatly facilitates manufacturing by avoiding the complicated etch/regrowth process. The ability to implant and activate dopants, particularly p-type dopants, in GaN still remains a challenge though. The NRL-developed symmetric multicycle rapid thermal annealing (SMTRA) technique has been shown to activate up to ~10% of the implanted Mg dopant atoms using a combination of a temporary thermally stable capping layer, annealing in a nitrogen overpressure, and performing a well-optimized annealing temperature profile including multiple spike anneals. This paper will present an assessment of substrate-dependent effects on the quality of homoepitaxial GaN films, evaluate ion implantation processing for selective area doping, address basic vertical devices to identify process module development toward practical MOSFET devices.
Singlet delta oxygen kinetics in optically excited liquid oxygen (2004)

A kinetics model to describe the behavior of singlet delta O<sub>2</sub> in optically pumped liquid oxygen has been developed and tested against experimental data. The model was developed to study alternative methods of O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δg) production for the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), and has been used in conjunction with experimental data to determine a value for the pooling rate constant in liquid oxygen of 1± 0.5 x 10<sup>-17</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>molecule<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>.