gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homotypic cell aggregation induced by anti-CD44(Pgp-1) monoclonal antibodies and related to CD44(Pgp-1) expression. (1990)

The present study shows that a mAb (H4C4) developed against human peripheral blood adherent cells has the unusual property of inducing in vitro homotypic aggregation of several types of hemopoietic cells and cell lines. The Ag recognized by mAb H4C4 is a 85-kDa glycoprotein that corresponds to the human Ag CD44 (equivalent to murine Pgp-1), as determined by protein purification, immunologic cross-reactivity studies, and tryptic fragment sequencing. In addition to H4C4, other mAb directed against some, but not all, epitopes of CD44(Pgp-1) were capable of inducing cell aggregation. This process was temperature sensitive and was almost totally abrogated by cytochalasin B but was unaffected by sodium azide, colchicine, EGTA, trifluoperazine, or staurosporin. A role for CD44 (Pgp-1) in cell-to-cell adhesion was further indicated by an inverse relationship observed between spontaneous aggregation of some hemopoietic cell lines and cell-surface expression of CD44(Pgp-1). These observations provide evidence for a fundamental role of CD44(Pgp-1) in cellular aggregation phenomena with an involvement of the cytoskeleton.
Evaluation of merocyanine 540-sensitized photoirradiation as a means to inactivate enveloped viruses in blood products. (1990)

Dry or wet heat, solvents, and detergents combined with ultraviolet irradiation provide effective means of sterilizing soluble blood products such as albumin or factor VIII. For obvious reasons, these procedures are not applicable to cellular blood components. We have recently shown that simultaneous exposure to the photosensitizer, merocyanine 540 (MC 540) and white light rapidly inactivates the Friend erythroleukemia virus complex and Friend virus-transformed cells, but causes relatively little damage to pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. In this communication, we show that several lipid-enveloped human pathogenic viruses are also highly susceptible to MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation, and we report on an initial evaluation of the ability of MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation to sterilize blood products.
Nsi-189 Phosphate, A Novel Neurogenic Compound, Selectively Benefits Moderately Depressed Patients: A Post-Hoc Analysis of A Phase 2 Study of Major Depressive Disorder (2020)

These results suggest that NSI-189 is effective as a safe adjunctive therapy, with most compelling antidepressant and procognitive benefits noted in patients with moderate depression.
Tunable SIW bandpass filters with PIN diodes (2010)

This paper introduces a novel tunable SIW filter implemented using PIN diode switching elements. The two-pole filter provides six states ranging from 1.55 GHz to 2.0 GHz (25% tuning). Fractional bandwidth ranges from 2.3% – 3.0% with insertion loss less than 5.4 dB and return loss greater than 14 dB over the entire tuning range. Each SIW cavity is tuned by perturbing via posts connecting or disconnecting to/from the cavity's top metal layer. In order to separate the biasing network from the SIW filter, a three-layer PCB is fabricated using Rogers RT/duroid substrates.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 4 Commercially Available Semiautomatic Packages for Carotid Artery Stenosis Measurement on CTA (2015)

Semiautomatic methods have a low-to-good sensitivity and a good specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy. The high interobserver reproducibility makes semiautomatic stenosis measurement valuable for clinical practice, but semiautomatic measurements should be checked by an experienced radiologist.
Can a mathematical model predict an individual's trait‐like response to both total and partial sleep loss? (2015)

Humans display a trait-like response to sleep loss. However, it is not known whether this trait-like response can be captured by a mathematical model from only one sleep-loss condition to facilitate neurobehavioural performance prediction of the same individual during a different sleep-loss condition. In this paper, we investigated the extent to which the recently developed unified mathematical model of performance (UMP) captured such trait-like features for different sleep-loss conditions. We used the UMP to develop two sets of individual-specific models for 15 healthy adults who underwent two different sleep-loss challenges (order counterbalanced; separated by 2-4 weeks): (i) 64 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and (ii) chronic sleep restriction (CSR) of 7 days of 3 h nightly time in bed. We then quantified the extent to which models developed using psychomotor vigilance task data under TSD predicted performance data under CSR, and vice versa. The results showed that the models customized to an individual under one sleep-loss condition accurately predicted performance of the same individual under the other condition, yielding, on average, up to 50% improvement over non-individualized, group-average model predictions. This finding supports the notion that the UMP captures an individual's trait-like response to different sleep-loss conditions.
Multi-electron redox phenazine for ready-to-charge organic batteries (2017)

A new class of multi-electron redox phenazine was proposed to build ready-to-charge sustainable organic batteries.
Inhibitory properties of camel whey protein hydrolysates toward liver cancer cells, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, and inflammation (2018)

This report describes an investigation of camel whey protein hydrolysates (CWPH) produced by gastric and pancreatic enzymes for their in vitro antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 8.54 to 47.53%, with hydrolysates generated using chymotrypsin for 6 h displaying the highest DH. Reverse phase-HPLC analysis showed that α-lactalbumin underwent complete degradation, with no intact α-lactalbumin detected in CWPH. The CWPH displayed enhanced antidiabetic activity compared with intact whey proteins; with pepsin- and chymotrypsin-generated CWPH displaying greater inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase compared with trypsin-generated CWPH. The highest antiproliferative effect was observed for CWPH generated by chymotrypsin for 3 h, with only 4.5 to 6.5% viable liver cancer cells (HepG2) remaining when tested at concentrations from 400 to 1,000 µg/mL. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was manifested by CWPH generated by pepsin at 6-h hydrolysis. We report enhanced antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities upon hydrolysis of camel whey proteins, indicating their potential utilization as bioactive and functional ingredients.
Near-field second-harmonic generation at a metal tip apex (2002)

Second-harmonic generation at a gold tip apex has been studied within the context of applications in apertureless scanning near-field microscopy. Polarization and distance dependencies of second-harmonic generation have been investigated and compared to respective dependencies for scattered fundamental light. The results shows that, in general, different topological features of a tip are responsible for scattering and second-harmonic generation in the far and near field. The near-field interaction between a probe tip and a surface significantly modifies enhancement of the electromagnetic field at the tip and results in different distance dependencies of near-field scattering and second-harmonic generation. The polarization contrast obtained with the second-harmonic signal significantly exceeds the polarization contrast of linear scattering from the tip.
On the Use of Multivariate Methods for Analysis of Data from Biological Networks (2017)

Data analysis used for biomedical research, particularly analysis involving metabolic or signaling pathways, is often based upon univariate statistical analysis. One common approach is to compute means and standard deviations individually for each variable or to determine where each variable falls between upper and lower bounds. Additionally, <i>p</i>-values are often computed to determine if there are differences between data taken from two groups. However, these approaches ignore that the collected data are often correlated in some form, which may be due to these measurements describing quantities that are connected by biological networks. Multivariate analysis approaches are more appropriate in these scenarios, as they can detect differences in datasets that the traditional univariate approaches may miss. This work presents three case studies that involve data from clinical studies of autism spectrum disorder that illustrate the need for and demonstrate the potential impact of multivariate analysis.
A Time-Interleaved Track &#x00026; hold in 0.13 &#x003BC;m CMOS sub-sampling a 4 GHz signal with 43 dB SNDR (2007)

A 16-channel time-interleaved track and hold is presented. Three techniques are introduced enabling a high bandwidth and linearity and good timing alignment. Integrated ADCs are used to evaluate the performance of the T/H. Single channel performance is 43 dB SNDR at an input frequency of 4 GHz. Multi-channel performance is 48 dB SNDR at 1.35 GS/s with an ERBW of 1 GHz. The power consumption of the T/H including clock-driver and buffers is 74 mW.
Albumin: role and discriminative use in surgery. (1980)

Exogenous human serum albumin (HSA) is generally used empirically and its role in surgery is poorly defined. The function and kinetics of HSA in the body are reviewed to provide rational guidelines for its use in surgery. Starling's law of transcapillary exchange is important, especially when applied to the capillary beds of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, lungs and intestines; but it overestimates the importance of maintaining oncotic pressure in the two situations where HSA is clinically beneficial--hypovolemia and plasma volume sequestration. In hypovolemia, the harmful effects of protein dilution by massive crystalloid resuscitation are minimized initially by "edema safety factors", such as reduced oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid and increased flow of lymph, and subsequently by intravascular protein refill from extravascular sites. But in severe hypovolemia, albumin should be given early, with sufficient isotonic saline, to reduce the total volume of crystalloid required. In the first 24 hours of plasma volume sequestration, albumin infused intravenously may be lost from excessively permeable capillaries; but later, hyperoncotic HSA is useful to restore the plasma volume and to reduce interstitial edema.
Runtime mechanisms for leakage current reduction in CMOS VLSI circuits (2003)

Abstract. This paper describes two runtime mechanisms for reducing the leakage current of a CMOS circuit. In both cases, it is assumed that the system or environment produces a "sleep" signal that can be used to indicate that the circuit is in a standby mode. In the first method, the "sleep" signal is used to shift in a new set of external inputs and pre-selected internal signals into the circuit with the goal of setting the logic values of all of the internal signals so as to minimize the total leakage current in the circuit. This minimization is possible because the leakage current of a CMOS gate is a strong function of the input combination applied to its inputs. In the second method, NMOS and PMOS transistors are added to some of the gates in the circuit to increase the controllability of the internal signals of the circuit and decrease the leakage current of the gates using the "stack effect". This is, however, done carefully so that the minimum leakage is achieved subject to a delay constraint for all input-output paths in the circuit. In both cases, Boolean satisfiability is used to formulate the problems, which are subsequently solved by employing a highly efficient SAT solver. Experimental results on the circuits in the MCNC91 benchmark suite demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the leakage current by up to 70% in VLSI circuits at the expense of a very small overhead.
Discriminative Method for Japanese Kana-Kanji Input Method (2011)

The most popular type of input method in Japan is kana-kanji conversion, conver-sion from a string of kana to a mixed kanji-kana string. However there is no study using discrim-inative methods like structured SVMs for kana-kanji conversion. One of the reasons is that learning a discriminative model from a large data set is often intractable. However, due to progress of recent re-searches, large scale learning of discrim-inative models become feasible in these days. In the present paper, we investigate whether discriminative methods such as structured SVMs can improve the accu-racy of kana-kanji conversion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing a generative model and a dis-criminative model for kana-kanji conver-sion. An experiment revealed that a dis-criminative method can improve the per-formance by approximately 3%. 1
High-Throughput LDPC Decoder for Long Code-Length (2006)

We have designed and implemented the LDPC decoder with memory-reduction method to achieve high-throughput and practical hardware size for long code-length. The decoder decodes (3,6)-11520-bit regular LDPC codes using modified min-sum algorithm. The decoder achieves a throughput of 312 Mb/s at an operating frequency of 69 MHz with 20 iterative decoding. The gate count is 2M gates
O-linked glycosylation of retroviral envelope gene products (1988)

Treatment of [3H]glucosamine-labeled Friend mink cell focus-forming virus (FrMCF) gp70 with excess peptide:N-glycanase F (PNGase F) resulted in removal of the expected seven N-linked oligosaccharide chains; however, approximately 10% of the glucosamine label was retained in the resulting 49,000-Mr (49K) product. For [3H]mannose-labeled gp70, similar treatment led to removal of all the carbohydrate label from the protein. Prior digestion of the PNGase F-treated gp70 with neuraminidase resulted in an additional size shift, and treatment with O-glycanase led to the removal of almost all of the PNGase F-resistant sugars. These results indicate that gp70 possesses sialic acid-containing O-linked oligosaccharides. Analysis of intracellular env precursors demonstrated that O-linked sugars were present in gPr90env, the polyprotein intermediate which contains complex sugars, but not in the primary translation product, gPr80env, and proteolytic digestion studies allowed localization of the O-linked carbohydrates to a 10K region near the center of the gp70 molecule. Similar substituents were detected on the gp70s of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses and two subgroups of feline leukemia virus, indicating that O-linked glycosylation is a conserved feature of retroviral env proteins.
Exploring the active site of chorismate mutase by combinatorial mutagenesis and selection: the importance of electrostatic catalysis. (1996)

Chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5) catalyzes the intramolecular rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate. Arg-90 in the active site of the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is in close proximity to the substrate's ether oxygen and may contribute to efficient catalysis by stabilizing the presumed dipolar transition state that would result upon scission of the C--O bond. To test this idea, we have developed a novel complementation system for chorismate mutase activity in Escherichia coli by reengineering parts of the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. The codon for Arg-90 was randomized, alone and in combination with that for Cys-88, and active clones were selected. The results show that a positively charged residue either at position 88 (Lys) or 90 (Arg or Lys) is essential. Our data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the positive charge is required for stabilization of the transition state of the enzymatic chorismate rearrangement. The new selection system, in conjunction with combinatorial mutagenesis, renders the mechanism of the natural enzyme(s) accessible to further exploration and opens avenues for the improvement of first generation catalytic antibodies with chorismate mutase activity.
Experimental Stroke in the Female Diabetic, <i>db/db</i>, Mouse (2001)

Diabetic hyperglycemia increases brain damage after cerebral ischemia in animals and humans, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gender-linked differences in ischemic tolerance have been described but have not been studied in the context of diabetes. In the current study, we used a model of unilateral common carotid artery ligation, combined with systemic hypoxia, to study the effects of diabetes and gender on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage in the genetic model of Type II diabetes, the db/db, mouse. Male and female, control and db/db, mice were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation followed by varying periods of hypoxia (8% oxygen/92% nitrogen) to assess mortality, infarct volume, and tissue damage by light microscopic techniques. End-ischemic regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined using [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Glycolytic and high energy phosphate compounds were measured in blood and brain by enzymatic and fluorometric techniques. Gender and diabetes had significant effects on mortality from HI and extent of brain damage in the survivors. Female mice were more resistant than their male counterparts, such that the severity (mortality and infarction size) in the male diabetics > female diabetics - male controls > female controls. Endischemic CBF and depletion of cerebral high energy reserves were comparable among all groups. Surprisingly, female diabetic mice were more hyperglycemic and demonstrated a greater prolonged lactacidosis than the males; however, they were more resistant to damage. The results suggest a unique pathophysiology of hypoxia-ischemia in the female diabetic brain.
A novel multichip module assembly approach using gold ball flip-chip bonding (1992)

A multichip module (MCM) approach that dramatically reduces the circuit area of a portable communications transceiver is described. The MCM incorporated a 1-in square (2.54-cm square) silicon substrate fabricated with thin-film resistors and a double-metal linear process technology. The die bonding was performed with a flip-chip process that uses unmodified, off-the-shelf ICs. The process is performed using standard wirebonding equipment and a thermocompression flip-chip bond. The resulting MCM reduced the required circuit board area by 40%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19: Rationale, Clinical Evidence and Safety Issues (2021)

We are witnessing a paradigm shift in drug development and clinical practice to fight the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and a number of clinical trials have been or are being testing various pharmacological approaches to counteract viral load and its complications such as cytokine storm. However, data on the effectiveness of antiviral and immune therapies are still inconclusive and inconsistent. As compared to other candidate drugs to treat COVID-19, Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including baricitinib and ruxolitinib, possess key pharmacological features for a potentially successful repurposing: convenient oral administration, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, multifunctional pharmacodynamics by exerting dual anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. Baricitinib, originally approved for rheumatoid arthritis, received Emergency Use Authorization in November 2020 by the Food and Drug Administration in combination with remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients ≥ 2 years old who require supplemental oxygen, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. By July 2021, the European Medicines Agency is also expected to issue the opinion on whether or not to extend its use in hospitalised patients from 10 years of age who require supplemental oxygen. Ruxolitinib, approved for myelofibrosis, was prescribed in patients with COVID-19 within an open-label Emergency Expanded Access Plan. This review will address key milestones in the discovery and use of JAK inhibitors in COVID-19, from artificial intelligence to current clinical evidence, including real world experience, and critically appraise emerging safety issues, namely infections, thrombosis, and liver injury. An outlook to ongoing studies (clinicaltrials.gov) and unpublished pharmacovigilance data is also offered.
Computational De Novo Design and Characterization of a Four-Helix Bundle Protein that Selectively Binds a Nonbiological Cofactor (2005)

We report the complete de novo design of a four-helix bundle protein that selectively binds the nonbiological DPP-Fe(III) metalloporphyrin cofactor (DPP-Fe(III) = 5, 15-Di[(4-carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl]porphinato iron(III)). A tetrameric, D2-symmetric backbone scaffold was constructed to encapsulate two DPP-Fe(III) units through bis(His) coordination. The complete sequence was determined with the aid of the statistical computational design algorithm SCADS. The 34-residue peptide was chemically synthesized. UV-vis and CD spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation indicated the peptide undergoes a transition from a predominantly random coil monomer to an alpha-helical tetramer upon binding DPP-Fe(III). EPR spectroscopy studies indicated the axial imidazole ligands were oriented in a perpendicular fashion, as defined by second-shell interactions that were included in the design. The 1-D 1H NMR spectrum of the assembled protein displayed features of a well-packed interior. The assembled protein possessed functional redox properties different from those of structurally similar systems containing the heme cofactor. The designed peptide demonstrated remarkable cofactor selectivity with a significantly weaker binding affinity for the natural heme cofactor. These findings open a path for the selective incorporation of more elaborate cofactors into designed scaffolds for constructing molecularly well-defined nanoscale materials.
Thermal Conductance of the 2D MoS2/h-BN and graphene/h-BN Interfaces (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their corresponding van der Waals heterostructures have drawn tremendous interest due to their extraordinary electrical and optoelectronic properties. Insulating 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with an atomically smooth surface has been widely used as a passivation layer to improve carrier transport for other 2D materials, especially for Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, heat flow at the interface between TMDCs and h-BN, which will play an important role in thermal management of various electronic and optoelectronic devices, is not yet understood. In this paper, for the first time, the interface thermal conductance (G) at the MoS<sub>2</sub>/h-BN interface is measured by Raman spectroscopy, and the room-temperature value is (17.0 ± 0.4) MW · m<sup>-2</sup>K<sup>-1</sup>. For comparison, G between graphene and h-BN is also measured, with a value of (52.2 ± 2.1) MW · m<sup>-2</sup>K<sup>-1</sup>. Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) calculations, from which the phonon transmission spectrum can be obtained, show that the lower G at the MoS<sub>2</sub>/h-BN interface is due to the weaker cross-plane transmission of phonon modes compared to graphene/h-BN. This study demonstrates that the MoS<sub>2</sub>/h-BN interface limits cross-plane heat dissipation, and thereby could impact the design and applications of 2D devices while considering critical thermal management.