gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the lifetime of multilevel memories (2009)

We study memories capable of storing multiple bits per memory cell, with the property that certain state transitions “wear” the cell. We introduce a model that is relevant for Phase Change Memory, a promising emerging nonvolatile memory technology that exhibits limitations in the number of particular write actions that one may apply to a cell before rendering it unusable. We exploit the theory of Write Efficient Memories to derive a closed form expression for the storage capacity/lifetime fundamental tradeoff for this model. We then present families of codes specialized to distinct ranges for the target lifetimes, covering the full range from moderate redundancy to an arbitrarily large lifetime increase. These codes have low implementation complexity and remarkably good performance; for example in an 8 level cell we can increase the lifetime of a memory by a factor of ten while sacrificing only 2/3 of the uncoded storage capacity of the memory.
Influencing Factors of the Microstructure and Macroscopic Performance of Foamed Cement (2016)

Abstract Foamed cement has provided zonal isolation in oil and gas wells since the 1980s. However, the lack of an experimental technique that fully characterizes foamed cement properties is limiting its application. This study uses X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to elucidate relationships between the foaming process, foamed cement microstructure or morphology, and macroscopic performance of the material’s mechanical properties. During this study, foamed cement slurries were prepared using a traditional multiblade laboratory blender to investigate the influencing factors on foamed cement properties. The influences of shear rate, mixing energy, surfactant concentration, and base cement slurry composition on the properties of set foamed cement were specifically studied. A MACS® multiple analysis cement system was also used to study the gas pressure and blender geometry effect on test results. Approximately 25 foamed cement slurries with foam qualities (FQs) ranging from 20 to 80% were produced. The microstructure and macroscopic performance of the foamed cement were quantified using micro-CT analysis and uniaxial compression tests. Test results indicate there is an important mixing energy threshold value that needs to be supplied to produce stable foamed cement. The maximum achievable FQ is determined by the shear rate during the foaming process. Once the minimum qualifications for obtaining stable foamed cement and a target FQ are met, a further increase in mixing energy or shear rate has little effect on the foamed cement microstructure or macroscopic performance. However, excessive mixing energy supplied at a high shear rate can lead to a higher initial slurry temperature, a less homogenous microstructure, and relatively poor mechanical properties after the foamed cement has set. The primary determining factors of the foamed cement microstructure are FQ and gas pressure. In samples generated using the multiblade laboratory blender at atmospheric conditions, the median gas bubble size increased significantly from 116 µm at 20% FQ to 1400 µm at 80% FQ. The median gas bubble size in the 20% FQ samples generated using the MACS device decreased significantly when gas pressure increased from 133 µm at atmospheric pressure to 39 µm at 1,000 psig.
Plasmon‐Mediated Synthesis of Silver Triangular Bipyramids (2009)

Color-tuned: Monodisperse silver right-triangular bipyramids (see SEM image) were formed by photoinduced synthesis in high yield. The edge length of the bipyramids can be easily controlled by the wavelength of excitation light (see diagram).
Light Emitting Diodes Based on Inorganic Composite Halide Perovskites (2018)

Abstract CsPbBr 3 is a promising type of light‐emitting halide perovskite with inorganic composition and desirable thermal stability. The luminescence efficiency of pristine CsPbBr 3 thin films, however, appears to be limited. In this work, light emitting diodes based on CsPbBr 3 |Cs 4 PbBr 6 composites are demonstrated. Both quantum efficiency and emission brightness are improved significantly compared with similar devices constructed using pure CsPbBr 3 . The high brightness can be attributed to the enhanced radiative recombination from CsPbBr 3 crystallites confined in the Cs 4 PbBr 6 host matrix. The unfavorable charge transport property of Cs 4 PbBr 6 can be circumvented by optimizing the ratio between the host and the guest components and the total thickness of the composite thin films. The inorganic composition of the emitting layer also leads to improved device stability under the condition of continuous operation.
Thermally Sensitized Membranes for Crude Oil–Water Remediation under Visible Light (2020)

Effective remediation of produced water requires separating crude oil-water mixture and removing the dissolved organic pollutants. Membranes with selective wettability for water over oil enable the gravity-driven separation of an oil-water mixture by allowing water to permeate through while repelling oil. However, these membranes are often limited by their inability to remove the dissolved organic pollutants. In this work, a membrane with in-air superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic wettability is fabricated by thermal annealing of a stainless steel mesh. The resulting membrane possesses a hierarchical surface texture covered with a photocatalytic oxide layer composed of iron oxide and chromium oxide. The membrane exhibits chemical and mechanical robustness, which makes it suitable for remediation of crude oil and water mixture. Further, after being fouled by crude oil, the membrane can recover its inherent water-rich permeate flux upon visible light irradiation. Finally, the membrane demonstrates that it can separate surfactant-stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsion under gravity and decontaminate water-rich permeate by photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic pollutants upon continuous irradiation of visible light.
Proteome and Differential Expression Analysis of Membrane and Cytosolic Proteins from <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> Strains K-10 and 187 (2006)

Little is known of protein expression in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how this contributes to pathogenesis. In the present study, proteins from both membranes and cytosol were prepared from two strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, i.e., laboratory-adapted strain K-10 and a recent isolate, strain 187, obtained from a cow exhibiting clinical signs of Johne's disease. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cytosol and membrane proteins from K-10 and 187 showed marked differences in protein expression. Relative levels of protein expression from both M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were measured by using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents (iTRAQ) and tandem mass spectroscopy. Protein identification and relative expression data were obtained for 874 membrane and cytosolic proteins from the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteome. These data showed a number of significant differences in protein expression between strain K-10 and clinical isolate 187. Examples of proteins expressed at higher levels in clinical isolate 187 compared to strain K-10 are AtpC, RpoA, and several proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. In contrast, proteins such as AhpC and several proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism were expressed at higher levels in strain K-10 compared to strain 187. These data may provide insights into the proteins whose expression is important in natural infection but are modified once M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is adapted to laboratory cultivation. Results from these studies will provide tools for developing a better understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the host and offer potential as diagnostic reagents and vaccine candidates.
Structure and functions of human oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase cDNAs and gene CYP7B1 (1999)

Oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase has broad substrate specificity for sterol metabolites and may be involved in many metabolic processes including bile acid synthesis and neurosteroid metabolism. The cloned human oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 506 amino acid residues that shares 40% sequence identity to human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. In contrast to the liver-specific expression of CYP7A1, CYP7B1 mRNA transcripts were detected in human tissues involved in steroid genesis (brain, testes, ovary, and prostate) and in bile acid synthesis (liver) and reabsorption (colon, kidney, and small intestine). The human oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase transiently expressed in 293/T cells was able to catalyze 7alpha-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The human CYP7A1 and CYP7B1 both contain six exons and five introns. However, CYP7B1 spans at least 65 kb of the genome and is about 6-fold longer than CYP7A1. The transcription start site (+1) was localized 204 bp upstream of the initiation codon. No TATA box-like sequence was found near the transcription start site. Transient transfection assays of CYP7B1 promoter/luciferase reporter constructs in HepG2 cells revealed that the promoter was highly active. The 5' upstream region from nt -83 to +189 is the core promoter of the gene.
Increased sialylation of site specific O-glycoforms of hemopexin in liver disease (2016)

S-HPX, a measure of sialylated O-glycoforms of hemopexin, progressively increases in fibrotic and cirrhotic patient of HCV etiology and can be quantified by an LC-MS/MS-MRM assay in unfractionated serum of patients. Quantification of sialylated O-glycoforms of this liver secreted glycoprotein represents a novel measure of the stage of liver disease that could have a role in monitoring the progression of liver pathology.
Potent anti-angiogenic motifs within the Alzheimer β-amyloid peptide (2008)

Abeta peptides are the major constituents of senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have shown previously that Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 peptides are potently anti-angiogenic both in vitro and in vivo. The current study characterizes important sequences within the Abeta peptide that are required to exert its anti-angiogenic activity. We have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells to assess the anti-angiogenic activity of short fragments of Abetain vitro in a Matrigel network assay and in vivo in a rat corneal model of angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic activity of these short peptide fragments is not related to effects on apoptosis or necrosis. Using normal and mutated peptide fragments, we show that the sequence VHHQKLVFF is sufficient to exhibit potent anti-angiogenic effects. This small peptide may therefore have clinical relevance as an anti-angiogenic agent.
Sputtered-Sliced Multilayers: Zone Plates And Transmission Gratings For 8-kev X Rays (1988)

We have made and tested several sliced multilayer structures that can function as transmissive x-ray optical elements (diffraction gratings, zone plates and phase gratings) at 8-keV. Both amplitude-modulating and phase-modulating devices have been produced. We show data taken in the beam of a 8 keV x-ray source that demonstrate diffraction and focusing. The diffraction patterns produced by the multilayer devices closely match theoretical predictions. Such transmissive optics have the potential for a wide application to high-resolution microscope and spectrometer systems.
Crack Initiation and Propagation Characteristics of Molybdenum Single Crystals (1985)

Tensile tests at 77 K, 173 K and 293 K were performed on molybdenum single crystals having axial-orientations near 〈011〉-direction, which had been prepared by the secondary recrystallization method. Effects of island grains at the specimen surface and/or in the bulk and test temperature on the crack initiation and propagation characteristics were investigated.At 77 K and 173 K: Cracks were initiated from island grains for all of the annealed or polished specimens and for most of the carburized specimens. Cracks propagated initially on the {011}-plane and then were divided on the {112}-and/or {001}-planes, though there was a tendency that the {011}-plane component just around the crack initiation sites diminished or vanished for the polished or carburized specimens. Fracture strength of the annealed or polished specimens depended on the size of island grains from which the cracks were initiated. On the other hand, the strength of the carburized specimens was constant regardless of the size of island grains.At 293 K: Non-propagating cracks were observed at the interfaces between island grains and the matrix in the annealed or polished specimens. However, any island grains were not responsible at all for the final failure of the specimens. All the specimens indicated considerably high ductility.
Electrical impedance tomography system based on active electrodes (2012)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can image the distribution of ventilated lung tissue, and is thus a promising technology to help monitor patient breathing to help selection of mechanical ventilation parameters. Two key difficulties in EIT instrumentation make such monitoring difficult: (1) EIT data quality depends on good electrode contact and is sensitive to changes in contact quality, and (2) EIT electrodes are difficult and time consuming to place on patients. This paper presents the design and initial tests of an active electrode-based system to address these difficulties. Our active electrode EIT system incorporates an active electrode belt, a central voltage-driven current source, central analog to digital converters and digital to analog converters, a central FPGA-based demodulator and controller. The electrode belt is designed incorporating 32 active electrodes, each of which contains the electronic amplifiers, switches and associated logic. Tests show stable device performance with a convenient ease of use and good imaging ability in volunteer tests.
Getting light through cementitious composites with in situ triboluminescent damage sensor (2013)

Triboluminescent damage sensors comprising highly efficient triboluminescent materials could allow simple, real-time monitoring of both the magnitude and location of damage. The inability to effectively capture and transmit the triboluminescent optical signals generated within opaque composites like concrete has, however, limited their damage monitoring applications. The in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensor has been developed to enable the detection and transmission of damage-provoked triboluminescent emissions without having to position triboluminescent crystals in the host material. Flexural tests were performed on mortar and reinforced concrete beams having the in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensor integrated into them. The intrinsic triboluminescent signals generated in the beams under loading were successfully transmitted through the optical fibers to the photomultiplier tube by side coupling. Successful side coupling will make a truly distributed in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensor possible when the entire length of the sensor is mostly covered with the triboluminescent composite coating. The results show the viability of the in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensor for the structural health monitoring of cementitious composites. Real-time failure detection was demonstrated in unreinforced mortar beams, while real-time damage (crack) detection was demonstrated in reinforced concrete beams. Preliminary work on reinforced concrete beams showed that the integrated in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensor was able to detect multiple cracks caused by loading, thereby providing early warning of structural degradation before failure.
Dynamic Analysis of Variable Stiffness Bracing System in Structure (2014)

In this paper, the application of a variable stiffness bracing (VSB) system in structures subjected to earthquake excitation is presented. The considered variable stiffness system is includes of four curve leaf springs. The nonlinear geometry of leaf springs which are acting as bending component lead to nonlinear stiffness performance. The variable stiffness bracing system does not act much for small to intermediate vibration amplitudes but it’s operated to control unpredictably large story displacement. It means this retrofit’s technique avoid an increase force in structural component due to ordinary brace action. The single degree of freedom system (SDOF) is considered and dynamic analysis of aforementioned system, with Bare and normal braced frames are conducted and the results are compared. The efficiency of the proposed system is discussed and proved in light of numerical analysis.
GraphScript (2017)

Real-world graph applications are typically domain-specific and model complex business processes in the property graph data model. To implement a domain-specific graph algorithm in the context of such a graph application, simply providing a set of built-in graph algorithms is usually not sufficient nor does it allow algorithm customization to the user's needs. To cope with these issues, graph database vendors provide---in addition to their declarative graph query languages---procedural interfaces to write user-defined graph algorithms.
High-speed polysilicon CMOS photodetector for telecom and datacom (2016)

Absorption by mid-bandgap states in polysilicon or heavily implanted silicon has been previously utilized to implement guided-wave infrared photodetectors in CMOS compatible photonic platforms. Here, we demonstrate a resonant guided-wave photodetector based on the polysilicon layer that is used for the transistor gate in a microelectronic SOI CMOS process without any change to the foundry process flow (“zero-change” CMOS). Through a combination of doping mask layers, a lateral pn junction diode in the polysilicon is demonstrated with a strong electric field to enable efficient photo-carrier extraction and high-speed operation. This photodetector has a responsivity of more than 0.14 A/W from 1300 to 1600 nm, a 10 GHz bandwidth, and 80 nA dark current at 15 V reverse bias.
Massive Stripe Cache And Prefetching for Massive File I/O (2007)

This paper presents a massive stripe prefetching (MSP) scheme on a massive stripe cache (MSC) structure, which has been implemented in a Linux kernel. Our schemes efficiently perform on massive files such as audio/video files and a bulk of small files. MSC exploits spatial locality. MSP discriminates metadata reads and contiguous data reads in the stripe level, thereby boosting the read performance independently of a file-based prefetching.
Reduced methicillin resistance in a new Staphylococcus aureus transposon mutant that incorporates muramyl dipeptides into the cell wall peptidoglycan. (1994)

Screening of a new Tn551 library constructed in the background of a highly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain identified a new insertion site located on the SmaI B-fragment of the chromosome that reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the parent (1600 micrograms/ml) to 25-50 micrograms/ml in the mutant and caused heterogeneous expression of resistance and abnormality in peptidoglycan composition (absence of the unsubstituted pentapeptide and incorporation of alanylglutamate- and alanylisoglutamate-containing muropeptides). There was an accumulation of large amounts of the UDP-linked muramyl dipeptide in the cytoplasmic wall precursor pool of the mutant. Reduced (heterogeneous) antibiotic resistance and all the biochemical abnormalities were reproduced in genetic backcrosses by transduction with phage 80 alpha. Mutant RUSA235 appears to be impaired in the biosynthesis of the staphylococcal cell wall precursor muropeptide before the lysine addition step. We propose to provisionally call the gene inactivated in this mutant femF.
Lossy Antenna Arrays with Frequency-Independent Beamwidth (2019)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna feeds for lens and reflector systems require uniform and customizable beamwidths. Here, an antenna array fed with a resistively loaded a transmission line network is considered. Theoretical calculations show that it is possible for the array to radiate a Gaussian beam with frequency-independent far field over an arbitrary bandwidth. A prototype array fed with resistively loaded microstrip lines is then designed. The 16x16 Vivaldi element array radiates a Gaussian beam with a 35° 10 dB full beamwidth and 20 dB directivity from 6.5 GHz to 19 GHz. The design flexibility does come at the expense of a low radiation efficiency though, which is 1%. Therefore, the architecture is intended for test and measurement applications where beam purity and wide bandwidth are of utmost importance, while low radiation efficiency can be tolerated.
Enriching How-to Guides by Linking Actionable Phrases (2016)

The World Wide Web contains a large number of community created knowledge of instructional nature. Similarly, in a commercial setting, databases of instructions are used by customer-care providers to guide clients in the resolution of issues. Most of these instructions are expressed in natural language. Knowledge Bases including such information are valuable through the sum of their single entries. However, as each entry is created mostly independently, users (e.g. other community members) cannot take advantage of the accumulated knowledge that can be developed via the aggregation of related entries. In this paper we consider the problem of inter-linking Knowledge Base entries, in order to get relevant information from other parts of the Knowledge Base.
Wireless Hazard Badges to Detect Nerve‐Agent Simulants (2016)

Abstract Human exposure to hazardous chemicals can have adverse short‐ and long‐term health effects. In this Communication, we have developed a single‐use wearable hazard badge that dosimetrically detects diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), a model organophosphorous cholinesterase inhibitor simulant. Improved chemically actuated resonant devices (CARDs) are fabricated in a single step and unambiguously relate changes in chemiresistance to a wireless readout. To provide selective and readily manufacturable sensor elements for this platform, we developed an ionic‐liquid‐mediated single walled carbon nanotube based chemidosimetric scheme with DCP limits of detection of 28 ppb. As a practical demonstration, an 8 h workday time weighted average equivalent exposure of 10 ppb DCP effects an irreversible change in smartphone readout.
[POSTER] AirGestAR: Leveraging Deep Learning for Complex Hand Gestural Interaction with Frugal AR Devices (2017)

Hand gestures provide a natural and an intuitive way of user interaction in AR/VR applications. However, the most popular and commercially available devices such as the Google Cardboard and Wearality1 still employ only primitive modes of interaction such as the magnetic trigger, conductive lever and have limited user-input capability. The truly instinctual gestures work only with inordinately priced devices such as the Hololens, Magic Leap, and Meta Glasses2 which use proprietary hardware and are still not commercially available. In this paper, we explore the possibility of leveraging deep learning for recognizing complex 3-dimensional marker-less gestures (Bloom, Click, Zoom-In, Zoom-Out) in real-time using monocular camera input from a single smartphone. This framework can be used with frugal smartphones to build powerful AR/VR systems for large scale deployments that work in real-time, eliminating the need for specialized hardware. We have created a hand gesture dataset to train LSTM networks for gesture classification and published the same online. We also demonstrate the performance of our proposed method in terms of classification accuracy and computational time.