gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent REST API data fuzzing (2020)

The cloud runs on REST APIs. In this paper, we study how to intelligently generate data payloads embedded in REST API requests in order to find data-processing bugs in cloud services. We discuss how to leverage REST API specifications, which, by definition, contain data schemas for API request bodies. We then propose and evaluate a range of data fuzzing techniques, including structural schema fuzzing rules, various rule combinations, search heuristics, extracting data values from examples included in REST API specifications, and learning data values on-the-fly from previous service responses. After evaluating these techniques, we identify the top-performing combination and use this algorithm to fuzz several Microsoft Azure cloud services. During our experiments, we found 100s of “Internal Server Error” service crashes, which we triaged into 17 unique bugs and reported to Azure developers. All these bugs are reproducible, confirmed, and fixed or in the process of being fixed.
Light-Emitting Diode Based on ZnO by Plasma-Enhanced Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Employing Microwave Excited Plasma (2010)

In this paper we describe the growth of nitrogen doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films on single crystal ZnO substrates by plasma-enhanced metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (PE-MOCVD) employing microwave excited high-density plasma. We used Dimethylzinc (DMZ) as a Zinc precursor, and six different types of oxygen and nitrogen precursors: O 2 +N 2 , NO, N 2 O, O 2 +NH 3 , NO 2 , and O 2 . This paper considers the effects of nitrogen precursor material and utilizing the plasma on the structural properties and the nitrogen concentration by atomic force microscope and secondary ion mass spectrometry. It was only when using plasma and NO 2 that the nitrogen (N) doped ZnO film with the steps and terraces surface structure of two-dimensional growth could be formed by our growth method. Furthermore, we fabricated a homostructural LED comprising the N-doped ZnO film and n-type ZnO substrate, and we achieved electroluminescence (EL) in forward bias at room-temperature (RT) and the current–voltage rectifying characteristics.
Selective Harmonic Compensation (SHC) PWM for Grid-Interfacing High-Power Converters (2013)

Compensating the grid background harmonics in a grid-interfacing converter system, such as a drive system's active-front-end rectifier or a grid-connected inverter in a distributed generation system, is an effective method of reducing line side current harmonics. However, this harmonic compensation is particularly challenging in medium-voltage high-power applications (>1 MVA). This is mainly due to the low-switching frequency operation of high-power converters (300-800 Hz) to maintain low power loss. Therefore, the traditional tasks of active power filters with relatively high-switching frequency cannot be easily realized here. This paper proposes a new pulse width modulation technique, named selective harmonic compensation (SHC), which actively compensates the power system background harmonics, but still operates at very low-switching frequencies. Details of the proposed SHC are presented. An SHC application example on a high-power current-source rectifier is provided in this paper. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed SHC scheme can effectively compensate the system background harmonics and improve the line current harmonic performance.
Enhanced Modulation Bandwidth in Photon-Lifetime-Modulated Strongly Injection-Locked Semiconductor Ring Lasers (2013)

A novel method for modulation bandwidth enhancement is presented, involving strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor ring laser modulated through photon lifetime. Advantages of photon-lifetime modulation over conventional injection-current modulation are confirmed through numerical modeling.
<title>Ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire for high-density active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) drivers</title> (1994)

Single-crystal ultra-thin (< 100 nm) silicon on sapphire (UTSOS) has been fabricated using solid-phase epitaxy and regrowth techniques to produce a high quality semiconductor material on a transparent substrate ideal for active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) applications. MOS devices fabricated in this material have lower leakages, small thresholds, and higher transconductances than those fabricated in conventional unimproved SOS.
Dasotraline for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Trial in Adults (2015)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity associated with clinically significant impairment in functioning. ADHD has an early onset, but frequently persists, with a prevalence estimate of 4% in adults. Dasotraline is a novel compound that is a potent inhibitor of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters that achieves stable plasma concentrations with once-daily dosing. In this study, adult outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD were randomized to 4 weeks of double-blind, once-daily treatment with dasotraline 4 and 8 mg/day or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline at week 4 in the ADHD Rating Scale, Version IV (ADHD RS-IV) total score. Secondary efficacy end points included the Clinical Global Impression, Severity (CGI-S) scale, modified for ADHD symptoms. Least squares (LS) mean improvements at week 4 in ADHD RS-IV total score were significantly greater for dasotraline 8 mg/day vs placebo (-13.9 vs -9.7; P=0.019), and nonsignificantly greater for 4 mg/day (-12.4; P=0.076). The LS mean improvements in modified CGI-S were significantly greater at week 4 for dasotraline 8 mg/day vs placebo (-1.1 vs -0.7; P=0.013), and for 4 mg/day vs placebo (-1.1 vs -0.7; P=0.021). The most frequent adverse events reported were insomnia, decreased appetite, nausea, and dry mouth. Discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events were 10.3% and 27.8% of patients in 4 and 8 mg/day treatment groups, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence that once-daily dosing with dasotraline, a long-acting, dual monoamine reuptake inhibitor, may be a safe and efficacious treatment for adult ADHD.
Structure-based chemotherapy of SARS – where do we stand, three years after the global outbreak? (2006)

Three years have passed since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). During this time, major progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of infection [1]. Three-dimensional structures have been determined for a number of non-structural and structural proteins of the virus and of related coronaviruses [2-5]. In the absence of a crystal structure for the viral RNA polymerase, the main proteinase remains the most suitable anti-coronaviral drug target [3, Progress in designing and synthesizing specific inhibitors for this enzyme will be reported.
Ultra-compact holographic spectrometers for diffuse source spectroscopy (2005)

We present an efficient, low-cost, and compact spectrometer for diffuse source spectroscopy using only a spherical beam volume hologram and a CCD. We show that this spectrometer can operate well under spatially incoherent light illumination
Gesture On (2015)

A significant percentage of mobile interaction involves short-period usages that originate from the standby mode-users wake up a device by pressing the power button, unlock the device by authenticating themselves, and then search for a target app or functionality on the device. These additional steps preceding a target task imposes significant overhead on users for each mobile device access. To address the issue, we developed Gesture On, a system that enables gesture shortcuts in the standby mode by which a user can draw a gesture on the touchscreen before the screen is turned on. Based on the gesture, our system directly brings up a target item onto the screen that bypasses all these additional steps in a mobile access. This paper examines several challenges in realizing Gesture On, including robustly rejecting accidental touches when the device is in standby, battery consumption incurred for continuous sensing and gesture-based user authentication methods for automatically device unlocking. Our analyses based on a set of user data indicated that Gesture On demonstrates a feasible approach for leveraging the standby mode for fast access to mobile content.
Power budget analysis for high altitude airships (2006)

The High Altitude Airship (HAA) has various potential applications and mission scenarios that require onboard energy harvesting and power distribution systems. The energy source considered for the HAA's power budget is solar photon energy that allows the use of either photovoltaic (PV) cells or advanced thermoelectric (ATE) converters. Both PV cells and an ATE system utilizing high performance thermoelectric materials were briefly compared to identify the advantages of ATE for HAA applications in this study. The ATE can generate a higher quantity of harvested energy than PV cells by utilizing the cascaded efficiency of a three-staged ATE in a tandem mode configuration. Assuming that each stage of ATE material has the figure of merit of 5, the cascaded efficiency of a three-staged ATE system approaches the overall conversion efficiency greater than 60%. Based on this estimated efficiency, the configuration of a HAA and the power utility modules are defined.
Susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein particles to aggregate depends on particle lipidome, is modifiable, and associates with future cardiovascular deaths (2018)

Our results identify the susceptibility of LDL to aggregate as a novel measurable and modifiable factor in the progression of human ASCVD.
Giga-pixel fluorescent imaging over an ultra-large field-of-view using a flatbed scanner (2013)

We demonstrate a new fluorescent imaging technique that can screen for fluorescent micro-objects over an ultra-wide field-of-view (FOV) of ~532 cm(2), i.e., 19 cm × 28 cm, reaching a space-bandwidth product of more than 2 billion. For achieving such a large FOV, we modified the hardware and software of a commercially available flatbed scanner, and added a custom-designed absorbing fluorescent filter, a two-dimensional array of external light sources for computer-controlled and high-angle fluorescent excitation. We also re-programmed the driver of the scanner to take full control of the scanner hardware and achieve the highest possible exposure time, gain and sensitivity for detection of fluorescent micro-objects through the gradient index self-focusing lens array that is positioned in front of the scanner sensor chip. For example, this large FOV of our imaging platform allows us to screen more than 2.2 mL of undiluted whole blood for detection of fluorescent micro-objects within <5 minutes. This high-throughput fluorescent imaging platform could be useful for rare cell research and cytometry applications by enabling rapid screening of large volumes of optically dense media. Our results constitute the first time that a flatbed scanner has been converted to a fluorescent imaging system, achieving a record large FOV.
A Compact All-fiber Polarization-Entangled Photon Source Pumped by a Laser Diode (2018)

We demonstrate a compact, alignment-free, turn-key, all-fiber broadband polarization-entangled photon source pumped by a fiber-pigtailed laser diode. Robust and stable operation yields a concurrence of 0.966 ± 0.015 and a fidelity to |Ψ+〉 of 98.1 ± 0.8%.
Corrosion of the Wet‐Seal Area in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: I . Analysis (1984)

Severe corrosion can occur in the seal area between the cell housing and the electrolyte tile of a molten carbonate fuel cell even if an optimal selection of the active cell materials has been made. Thermodynamic calculations and an approximate mixed‐potential analysis indicate that several minor corrosion cells are active at open circuit, and a major corrosion cell is established when the cell is under load. Extensive corrosion can be expected on the anode side of the wet seal, although effects at the cathode side are minor.
Magnetic resonance imaging with composite (dual) gradients (2009)

The tradeoff between gradient performance factors, size of the imaging region, and physiological factors such as nerve stimulation typically leads to compromises in gradient design and ultimately suboptimal imaging performance. Local gradient systems can add some performance flexibility, but are cumbersome to set up and remove. In nearly all conventional MRI systems, the use of local gradients precludes the use of the more homogeneous whole body gradients. This paper presents the concept of dynamically selectable composite gradient systems where local gradients and whole body gradients can be selected independently and simultaneously. The relative performance of whole body, insert, and composite gradients is predicted for echoplanar (EPI), turbo spin echo (TSE), and steady state free precession (SSFP). A realization of the concept is presented.
Optical Control of Protein Activity by Fluorescent Protein Domains (2012)

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used as optical sensors, whereas other light-absorbing domains have been used for optical control of protein localization or activity. Here, we describe light-dependent dissociation and association in a mutant of the photochromic FP Dronpa, and we used it to control protein activities with light. We created a fluorescent light-inducible protein design in which Dronpa domains are fused to both termini of an enzyme domain. In the dark, the Dronpa domains associate and cage the protein, but light induces Dronpa dissociation and activates the protein. This method enabled optical control over guanine nucleotide exchange factor and protease domains without extensive screening. Our findings extend the applications of FPs from exclusively sensing functions to also encompass optogenetic control.
Design of high-performance coprocessor for color error diffusion (2003)

In this paper, we present an architecture of a color halftoning coprocessor. The design is based on a software/hardware design approach in which the flexibility and adaptability of the programmable processor and the high performance, low power of ASIC design are utilized. We employ the concurrency and locality concepts in computer architecture to address the computational intensive and data intensive issues of the color halftoning algorithm. Both instruction parallelism and data parallelism are exploited to speed up the performance. In addition, the fine-grain and middle-grain instruction level parallelism (ILP) are utilized to accelerate the computation in the color error diffusion halftoning process.
Parametric Packet-Layer Model for Evaluation Audio Quality in Multimedia Streaming Services (2010)

We propose a parametric packet-layer model for monitoring audio quality in multimedia streaming services such as Internet protocol television (IPTV). This model estimates audio quality of experience (QoE) on the basis of quality degradation due to coding and packet loss of an audio sequence. The input parameters of this model are audio bit rate, sampling rate, frame length, packet-loss frequency, and average burst length. Audio bit rate, packet-loss frequency, and average burst length are calculated from header information in received IP packets. For sampling rate, frame length, and audio codec type, the values or the names used in monitored services are input into this model directly. We performed a subjective listening test to examine the relationships between these input parameters and perceived audio quality. The codec used in this test was the Advanced Audio Codec-Low Complexity (AAC-LC), which is one of the international standards for audio coding. On the basis of the test results, we developed an audio quality evaluation model. The verification results indicate that audio quality estimated by the proposed model has a high correlation with perceived audio quality.
Polypeptide Point Modifications with Fatty Acid and Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Enhanced Brain Delivery (2005)

There is a tremendous need to enhance delivery of therapeutic polypeptides to the brain to treat disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain delivery of many polypeptides is severely restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present study demonstrates that point modifications of a BBB-impermeable polypeptide, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with lipophilic (stearoyl) or amphiphilic (Pluronic block copolymer) moieties considerably enhance the transport of this polypeptide across the BBB and accumulation of the polypeptide in the brain in vitro and in vivo. The enzymatic activity of the HRP was preserved after the transport. The modifications of the HRP with amphiphilic block copolymer moieties through degradable disulfide links resulted in the most effective transport of the HRP across in vitro brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers and efficient delivery of HRP to the brain. Stearoyl modification of HRP improved its penetration by about 60% but also increased the clearance from blood. Pluronic modification using increased penetration of the BBB and had no significant effect on clearance so that uptake by brain was almost doubled. These results show that point modification can improve delivery of even highly impermeable polypeptides to the brain.
A Century of Synergy in Termite Symbiosis Research: Linking the Past with New Genomic Insights (2021)

Termites have long been studied for their symbiotic associations with gut microbes. In the late nineteenth century, this relationship was poorly understood and captured the interest of parasitologists such as Joseph Leidy; this research led to that of twentieth-century biologists and entomologists including Cleveland, Hungate, Trager, and Lüscher. Early insights came via microscopy, organismal, and defaunation studies, which led to descriptions of microbes present, descriptions of the roles of symbionts in lignocellulose digestion, and early insights into energy gas utilization by the host termite. Focus then progressed to culture-dependent microbiology and biochemical studies of host-symbiont complementarity, which revealed specific microhabitat requirements for symbionts and noncellulosic mechanisms of symbiosis (e.g., N<sub>2</sub> fixation). Today, knowledge on termite symbiosis has accrued exponentially thanks to omic technologies that reveal symbiont identities, functions, and interdependence, as well as intricacies of host-symbiont complementarity. Moving forward, the merging of classical twentieth-century approaches with evolving omic tools should provide even deeper insights into host-symbiont interplay.
Multiple-input boost converter to minimize power losses due to partial shading in photovoltaic modules (2010)

A multiple-input boost (MIB) converter is proposed to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for series strings of solar cells, typically connected across bypass diodes in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The proposed configuration is intended to increase energy harvest from the PV module during instances of partial shading. Results from an experimental prototype demonstrate that the MIB converter extracts up to 9.6 % more power compared to a single-input boost converter in a 120W PV module. The proposed topology can be adopted in emerging distributed MPPT system architectures that utilize microconverters and microinverters.
Investigation of new psychophysical measures for evaluation of similar images on thoracic computed tomography for distinction between benign and malignant nodules (2003)

We have been developing a computerized scheme to assist radiologists in improving the diagnostic accuracy for lung cancers on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans by use of similar images for malignant nodules and benign nodules. A database of 415 LDCT scans including 73 cases with 76 confirmed cancers and 342 cases with 413 confirmed benign nodules was first collected in an LDCT screening program for early detection of lung cancers in Nagano, Japan. An observer study by use of receiver operating characteristics analysis was first conducted with five radiologists to demonstrate that presenting similar images for malignant nodules and benign nodules can significantly improve radiologists' performance in the diagnosis of unknown nodules. Another observer study was then conducted for obtaining reliable data on subjective similarity ratings by 10 radiologists. Based on the subjective similarity ratings, three important features were selected from a number of nodule features, and four different techniques for the determination of similarity measures, namely, a feature-based technique, a pixel-value-difference based technique, a cross-correlation-based technique, and a neural-network-based technique, were investigated and evaluated in terms of the correlation coefficient with the subjective similarity ratings. The experimental results in this study indicated that the neural-network-based technique can provide a reliable psychophysical similarity measure which is comparable to the subjective similarity ratings for a single radiologist when evaluated by use of correlation with the average similarity ratings for the other nine radiologists.
Optical Compensation of Liquid Crystal Materials Using Negative Birefringence Compensation Films (1999)

A unique optical compensation film, based on a negative birefringence material, is shown to significantly improve the viewing angle characteristics of liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. A super-twist nematic (STN) LCD was used as basis for our numerical simulations. The performance of the negative birefringence compensation film for the STN LCD was modeled using a 4×4 matrix calculation and then compared with the ideal positive birefringence compensator of the double layer STN (D-STN).
Photoisomerization of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐Azaborine: A Matrix Isolation Study (2012)

Closing the loop: Photoisomerization of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine in neon, argon, or xenon at 4 K with UV light (253.7 nm) as part of a matrix isolation study led to the Dewar form as the only photoproduct, in agreement with the vibrational spectra computed for possible isomers of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Graphene-based lateral heterostructure transistors exhibit better intrinsic performance than graphene-based vertical transistors as post-CMOS devices (2014)

We investigate the intrinsic performance of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructure field-effect transistors, currently considered the most promising options to exploit graphene properties in post-CMOS electronics. We focus on three recently proposed graphene-based transistors, that in experiments have exhibited large current modulation. Our analysis is based on device simulations including the self-consistent solution of the electrostatic and transport equations within the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function formalism. We show that the lateral heterostructure transistor has the potential to outperform CMOS technology and to meet the requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors for the next generation of semiconductor integrated circuits. On the other hand, we find that vertical heterostructure transistors miss these performance targets by several orders of magnitude, both in terms of switching frequency and delay time, due to large intrinsic capacitances, and unavoidable current/capacitance tradeoffs.
Recent Advances in Antimalarial Drug Development (2007)

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