gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Is Increased in the Arterial Wall of Type II Diabetic Subjects (2001)

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) increases in diabetes, and this might contribute to decreased fibrinolysis and accelerated atherosclerosis. Increased PAI-1 levels in the vessel wall could decrease local fibrinolysis and elevate thrombus formation and the unfavorable evolution of atherosclerotic plaques. High glucose increases PAI-1 synthesis in arterial wall cells in culture, and aortic wall PAI-1 levels have been found to be elevated in diabetic animals. However, arterial wall PAI-1 levels have not been investigated in diabetic subjects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes on PAI-1 levels in the arterial wall. Blood samples and small tissue specimens from the mammary artery were obtained from 11 diabetic and 10 nondiabetic subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PAI-1 antigen localization in the arterial wall was obtained by immunohistochemistry and was read by laser scanning confocal microscopy; plasma fibrinolytic activity was measured by lysis of fibrin plates; and PAI-1 activity was assessed by a chromogenic method. PAI-1-related immunofluorescence was increased in the arterial wall of diabetic patients, whereas plasma fibrinolysis was reduced. These data provide evidence that diabetes is associated with increased PAI-1 in the arterial wall. This might be an important factor for increased cardiovascular risk and unfavorable plaque evolution in diabetes.
Maximum likelihood reconstruction for cone beam SPECT: development and initial tests (1989)

Owing to the known potential of maximum likelihood reconstruction, the authors have developed a cone beam single photon emission computerised tomography maximum likelihood algorithm in an effort to reduce or remove the reconstruction distortions in cone beam filtered back projection. Previous work (Floyd et al., 1986) was done on cone beam maximum likelihood, but with poor impractical resolution because of practical limitations on computer memory. For the present study, the authors have developed a new implementation which provides higher, potentially practical, resolution by recalculating all matrix elements as needed rather than calculating once and storing in the computer.
Memristive synaptic plasticity in Pr<inf>0.7</inf>Ca<inf>0.3</inf>MnO<inf>3</inf> RRAM by bio-mimetic programming (2014)

In this paper, the authors have demonstrated various forms of timing dependent plasticity in PCMO based RRAM devices using very simple programming pulses leveraging its memristive characteristics. Thanks to the intrinsic rectifying nature of their devices in the ON state, they have also shown that our synapse circuit does not require a current-limiting bipolar diode to prevent parasitic programming. These devices thus can be integrated in cross-bar arrays to build neuromorphic systems capable of performing a wide variety of supervised and unsupervised learning tasks.
A first principles calculations and experimental study of the ground- and excited-state properties of ladder oligo(p-aniline)s (2005)

The molecular structure of three ladder oligo(p-aniline)s, 5,11-diethyl-6,12-dimethylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (DIMER 2P), 14-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole (TRIMER 2P), and 5,8,14-triethyl-diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole (TRIMER 3P) were investigated by first principles calculations at the Hartree-Fock (HF6-31G*) and density functional theory (DFTB3LYP6-31G*) levels. It is found that the agreement between theoretical and x-ray geometrical parameters is good and rather similar for both theoretical methods. The nature and the energy of the first two singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been obtained by Zerner intermediate neglect of differential overlap/spectroscopy semiempirical calculations performed on the HF6-31G* and DFTB3LYP6-31G* optimized geometries, as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations performed on the DFTB3LYP6-31G* optimized structures. For all the compounds and for all the theoretical approaches, it is observed that the S(1)<--S(0) electronic transition (pipi*) is weakly allowed and polarized along the short axis (y) of the molecule. On the other hand, the S(2)<--S(0) electronic transition of each oligomer possesses a much larger oscillator strength and is polarized along the long (x) molecular axis. It is found that TDDFT calculations provide the best overall agreement between the energies and the corresponding optical transitions obtained from the absorption bands (0-0 peaks) measured in dichloromethane as well as providing a good evaluation of the bathochromic shifts caused by the increase in the conjugation length or by the presence of extra alkyl chains on the nitrogen atoms in TRIMER 3P compared to TRIMER 2P.
Site-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation: a selective method to individually analyze neighboring transcription factor binding sites in vivo (2012)

The ChIP technology is a powerful tool for investigating transcription factors in vivo, especially in cancer biology. The established site-specific enzyme digestion enables a reliable and individual detection option for densely arranged binding motifs in vivo not provided by e.g. EMSA or in vivo footprinting. Given the important function of transcription factors in neoplastic mechanism, our method enables a broad diversity of application options for clinical studies.
Extraction and Functional Properties of Barley β‐Glucan as Affected by Temperature and pH (1997)

ABSTRACT Barley is high in β‐glucan, a soluble fiber component. Effects of extraction temperature (40 55 C) and pH (7.0 10.0) on recovery, purity and functional properties of β‐glucan were investigated on whole Condor barley flour. At pH 7.0, 8.0 and 55°C, 86.5% of the β‐glucan in the feed flour was recovered in the gum product with 89.1% (d.w.b.) purity. β‐Glucan content increased (p < 0.05) with temperature but not with pH. Apparent viscosity of 1% (w/v) dispersions of β‐glucan gum from pH 7.0 increased (p < 0.05) with extraction temperature at constant shear rate and viscosity decreased slightly with increasing shear rate. Whippability and foam stability of gums from pH 8.0 and 45°C were maximum. Emulsions prepared with β‐glucan gum from pH 7.0 and 55@c were 63% stable after centrifugation. Barley β‐glucan shows great potential as a thickener or stabilizer.
Asymmetric Molybdenum-Catalyzed Alkylations (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Molybdenum-Catalyzed AlkylationsBarry M. Trost and Iwao HachiyaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5, 1104–1105Publication Date (Web):January 23, 1998Publication History Received19 September 1997Published online23 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973298ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973298arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2837Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ligands,Molybdenum,Selectivity,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Efficient Test and Visualization of Multi-Set Intersections (2015)

Identification of sets of objects with shared features is a common operation in all disciplines. Analysis of intersections among multiple sets is fundamental for in-depth understanding of their complex relationships. However, so far no method has been developed to assess statistical significance of intersections among three or more sets. Moreover, the state-of-the-art approaches for visualization of multi-set intersections are not scalable. Here, we first developed a theoretical framework for computing the statistical distributions of multi-set intersections based upon combinatorial theory, and then accordingly designed a procedure to efficiently calculate the exact probabilities of multi-set intersections. We further developed multiple efficient and scalable techniques to visualize multi-set intersections and the corresponding intersection statistics. We implemented both the theoretical framework and the visualization techniques in a unified R software package, SuperExactTest. We demonstrated the utility of SuperExactTest through an intensive simulation study and a comprehensive analysis of seven independently curated cancer gene sets as well as six disease or trait associated gene sets identified by genome-wide association studies. We expect SuperExactTest developed by this study will have a broad range of applications in scientific data analysis in many disciplines.
Characterization of Recombinant REGα, REGβ, and REGγ Proteasome Activators (1997)

Full-length cDNAs for three human proteasome activator subunits, called REGalpha, REGbeta, and REGgamma, have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant proteins have been characterized. Recombinant alpha or gamma subunits form heptameric species; recombinant beta subunits are found largely as monomers or small multimers. Each recombinant REG stimulates cleavage of fluorogenic peptides by human red cell proteasomes. The pattern of activated peptide hydrolysis is virtually identical for REGalpha and REGbeta. These two subunits, alone or in combination, stimulate cleavage after basic, acidic, and most hydrophobic residues in many peptides. Recombinant alpha and beta subunits bind each other with high affinity, and the REGalpha/beta heteromeric complex activates hydrolysis of LLVY-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (LLVY-MCA) and LLE-beta-nitroanilide (LLE-betaNA) more than REGalpha or REGbeta alone. Using filter binding and gel filtration assays, recombinant REGgamma subunits were shown to bind themselves but not alpha or beta subunits. REGgamma differs from REGalpha and REGbeta in that it markedly stimulates hydrolysis of peptides with basic residues in the P1 position but only modestly activates cleavage of LLVY-MCA or LLE-betaNA by the proteasome. REGgamma binds the proteasome with higher affinity than REGalpha or REGbeta yet with lower affinity than complexes containing both REGalpha and REGbeta. In summary, each of the three REG homologs is a proteasome activator with unique biochemical properties.
Microemulsion technology in the reformulation of cyclosporine: the reason behind the pharmacokinetic properties of Neoral (1996)

Management of transplant patients receiving cyclosporine therapy is complicated by interpatient and intrapatient variability in pharmacokinetic parameters caused by the drug's unpredictable bioavailability. Cyclosporine, a highly lipophilic cyclic polypeptide, has recently been reformulated using a microemulsion delivery system to improve its bioavailability. This new orally administered formulation, Neoral (cyclosporine capsules and oral solution for microemulsion), has self-emulsifying properties and spontaneously forms a microemulsion (particle size < 0.15 microns) in the aqueous fluids of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical trials in renal transplant recipients, liver transplant recipients with external biliary diversion, and healthy volunteers have demonstrated enhanced bioavailability and greatly improved dose linearity with the cyclosporine microemulsion compared with the original cyclosporine formulation, Sandimmune (cyclosporine). The rate and extent of absorption were greater with the cyclosporine microemulsion under both fasting and nonfasting conditions, and there was a more consistent relationship between the administered dose and area under the time-concentration curve. Early clinical efficacy trials in renal and liver transplant recipients have shown no difference in the incidence or severity of drug-related adverse events. Studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of the new microemulsion formulation are ongoing.
Stromal Derived Factor-1–Induced Chemokinesis of Cord Blood CD34+ Cells (Long-Term Culture-Initiating Cells) Through Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by E-Selectin (1999)

Homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow (BM) involves sequential interaction with adhesion molecules expressed on BM endothelium (BMEC) and chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1). However, the mechanism whereby adhesion molecules regulate the SDF-1-induced transendothelial migration process is not known. E-selectin is an endothelial-specific selectin that is constitutively expressed by the BMEC in vivo. Hence, we hypothesized that E-selectin may mediate SDF-1-induced transendothelial migration of CD34(+) cells. We show that CD34(+) cells express both E-selectin ligand and fucosyltransferase-VII (FucT-VII). Soluble E-selectin-IgG chimera binds avidly to 75% +/- 10% of CD34(+) cells composed mostly of progenitors and cells with long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) potential. To assess the functional capacity of E-selectin to mediate CD34(+) cell migration in a transendothelial migration system, CD34(+) cells were placed on transwell plates coated with interleukin-1beta-activated BMEC. In the absence of SDF-1, there was spontaneous migration of 7.0% +/- 1.4% of CD34(+) cells and 14.1% +/- 2.2% of LTC-IC. SDF-1 induced migration of an additional 23.0% +/- 4.4% of CD34(+) cells and 17.6% +/- 3.6% of LTC-IC. Blocking MoAb to E-selectin inhibited SDF-1-induced migration of CD34(+) cells by 42.0% +/- 2.5% and LTC-IC by 90.9% +/- 16.6%. To define the mechanism of constitutive expression of E-selectin by the BMEC in vivo, we have found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) induces E-selectin expression by cultured endothelial cells. VEGF-stimulated endothelial cells support transendothelial migration of CD34(+) cells that could be blocked by MoAb to E-selectin. These results suggest that trafficking of subsets of CD34(+) cells with LTC-IC potential is determined in part by sequential interactions with E-selectin and SDF-1.
A comparison of task pools for dynamic load balancing of irregular algorithms: Research Articles (2003)

Since a static work distribution does not allow for satisfactory speed-ups of parallel irregular algorithms, there is a need for a dynamic distribution of work and data that can be adapted to the runtime behavior of the algorithm. Task pools are data structures which can distribute tasks dynamically to different processors where each task specifies computations to be performed and provides the data for these computations. This paper discusses the characteristics of task-based algorithms and describes the implementation of selected types of task pools for shared-memory multiprocessors. Several task pools have been implemented in C with POSIX threads and in Java. The task pools differ in the data structures to store the tasks, the mechanism to achieve load balance, and the memory manager used to store the tasks. Runtime experiments have been performed on three different shared-memory systems using a synthetic algorithm, the hierarchical radiosity method, and a volume rendering algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 0.0027-mm<sup>2</sup> 9.5-bit 50-MS/s all-digital A/D converter TAD in 65-nm digital CMOS (2009)

An all-digital A/D converter TAD (time A/D converter) with 0.0027 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is presented. The circuit structure is completely digital including a pulse-delay-line driven by V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> (input voltage), along with a counter, latch, and encoder. The TAD is easily shrinkable with the advancement in CMOS process technologies without any change of circuit architecture. Thanks to this construction, A/D conversion resolution with TAD method can automatically be improved. Their voltage resolutions of design rules from 0.8 ¿m to 65 nm are experimentally confirmed and compared, resulting in 80 times higher resolution of 65-nm TAD than that of 0.8-¿m TAD. At the same time, the TAD core size is reduced less than 1/100. The unique TAD feature is that its resolution is settable by selecting sampling rates and power consumption is very low. For example, a prototype IC with 65-nm digital CMOS with 1.2-V supply voltage achieved 18.4-bit at 100-kS/s (1.11 mW), 10.8-bit 20-MS/s (1.13 mW), and 9.5-bit 50-MS/s (1.18 mW), respectively.
Thermal expansion of scanning tunneling microscopy tips under laser illumination (1998)

The periodic thermal expansion of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips arising under irradiation with power-modulated laser light has been investigated. The expansion was determined by comparison with a calibrated piezomotion measured in an STM, which was operated in the constant-current mode, and instrumental effects were corrected for. The experimental data concerning the frequency response of the thermal expansion for various geometries of the tip and for different positions of the laser focus are compared with theoretical results which were derived from a numerical solution of the equation of heat conduction. A very good agreement is found. The results are also interpreted in terms of simplified analytical expressions. Furthermore, the theoretical data are used to derive the response of the tip to fast transients of the light power as in the case of pulsed irradiation.
Surface acoustic impediography: a new technology for fingerprint mapping and biometric identification: a numerical study (2004)

A new type of fingerprint sensor is presented. The sensor maps the acoustic impedance of the fingerprint pattern by estimating the electrical impedance of its sensor elements. The sensor substrate, made of 1-3 piezo-ceramic, which is fabricated inexpensively at large scales, can provide a resolution up to 50 μm over an area of 20 x 25 mm2. Using FE modeling the paper presents the numerical validation of the basic principle. It evaluates an optimized pillar aspect ratio, estimates spatial resolution and the point spread function for a 100 μm and 50 μm pitch model. In addition, first fingerprints obtained with the prototype sensor are presented.
The Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism – An Introduction (2007)

Abstract This review continues a general presentation of the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics begun in two recent issues of Chemistry & Biodiversity . This Part presents some of the numerous hydrolases involved, their nomenclature, relevant biochemical properties, catalytic mechanisms, and the many reactions of hydrolysis they catalyze. A number of medicinally, environmentally, and toxicologically relevant examples are presented and discussed. The reactions examined include the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters, amides and peptides, lactones, and other labile rings, and esters of inorganic acids. The hydration of epoxides and its enzymology are treated separately.
Nanoparticles from vesicle polymerization: Characterization and kinetic study (1996)

The polymerization of isodecyl acrylate (ISODAC) in vesicles made from an anionic surfactant—sodium di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (SEHP)—and from water is studied by 1H-NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and quasielastic light scattering. High polymerization rates and high conversion rates are achieved with both water-soluble initiator, K2S2O8 (potassium persulfate), and oil-soluble initiator, AIBN (azoisobisbutyronitrile). ISODAC is probably located inside the vesicle bilayer(s) because of its high hydrophobicity. Particles stable at room temperature with a mean diameter of about 50 nm are obtained. Kinetic orders of ISODAC polymerization are determined and the characterization of the resulting particles during and after polymerization are studied. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autophagy upregulates inflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (2021)

Autophagy augmented the production of inflammatory cytokines by mTOR inactivation via the AKT signaling pathway in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis and LPS-stimulated HGFs. These findings would provide a better understanding of the mechanism by which autophagy regulates the inflammatory response associated with periodontal pathogenesis.
Joint Design of Tx-Rx Beamformers in MIMO Downlink Channel (2007)

We consider a single-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channel where linear transmission and reception strategy is employed. The base station (BS) transmitter is equipped with a scheduler using a simple opportunistic beamforming strategy, which associates an intended user for each of the transmitted data streams. For the case when the channel of the scheduled users is available at the BS, we propose a general method for joint design of the transmit and the receive beamformers according to different optimization criteria, including weighted sum rate maximization, weighted sum mean square error minimization, minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) maximization and sum power minimization under a minimum SINR constraint. The proposed method can handle multiple antennas at the BS and at the mobile user with single and/or multiple data streams per scheduled user. The optimization problems encountered in the beamformer design (e.g., covariance rank constraint) are not convex in general. Therefore, the problem of finding the global optimum is intrinsically nontractable. However, by exploiting the uplink-downlink SINR duality, we decompose the original optimization problem as a series of simpler optimization problems which can be efficiently solved by using standard convex optimization tools. Even though each subproblem is optimally solved, there is no guarantee that the global optimum has been found due to the nonconvexity of the problem. However, the simulations show that the algorithms converge fast to a solution, which can be a local optimum, but is still efficient.
The Impact of Antipsychotics on Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia (2004)

Cognitive deficits, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of schizophrenia, can lead to noncompliance and poor outcomes. New treatment options need to be tested that may offer surplus effects on neurocognition.
Enhancement of migration and invasion of hepatoma cells via a Rho GTPase signaling pathway (2004)

The finding that invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma is facilitated by the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway is likely to be relevant to tumor progression and Y-27632 may be a new potential effective agent for the prevention of intrahepatic extension of human liver cancer.