gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas Selection for Huff-n-Puff EOR in Shale Oil Reservoirs Based upon Experimental and Numerical Study (2017)

Abstract Huff-n-Puff gas injection is a method originally used in heavy oil reservoir to reduce oil viscosity, increase mobility and displacement efficiency to enhance oil recovery. Now this method has been applied to enhance unconventional oil recovery in shale or tight reservoirs in recent years and proved to be effective in experiment study. N2, C1, CO2 or other rich gases are used in shale oil EOR. The purpose of this paper is to compare the EOR potential of different gas and provide a guide to choose gas based on the Wolfcamp shale oil reservoir. The composition of crude oil from Wolfcamp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). First, the core plugs from Wolfcamp with diameters of 1.5 inches were saturated with crude oil. Then gas huff-n-puff experiments using N2, C1, and CO2 were conducted in the laboratory with the same injection pressure of 2000 psi. Based on laboratory results, a compositional model is built and used to analyze the performance of gas huff-n-puff. The EOR capacity of gas mixture (N2, C1, CO2) and some solvents such as C3-CO2 mixture, the separator gases C1 to C4 from the field production were investigated using the simulation method. From the experiment results of the three kinds of gas injections, the oil recovery in the first two injection cycles were large. The incremental oil recovery decreased as the increase in number of injection cycles. Comparing the three kinds of gas EOR effects on Wolfcamp core samples, CO2 EOR result was the best, followed by N2 and C1. Coupling the equation of state method with GC analysis, 24 components of crude oil were achieved and then lumped into 5 pseudo components for simulation. The EOR effects of other gas mixture and solvents are investigated using the field model. The results show that the EOR effect of mixture of C1, C2 and C4 is the most favorite, followed by CO2-C3 mixture, produced gas, C1-CO2 mixture, and N2-CO2 mixture. Combined all of these results with economic factors, a comparison of gas capacity is proposed. This investigation is focused on injection gas selection for shale oil production and helps to provide us a screening criterion to choose effective and convenient gas when conducting huff-n-puff gas injection in shale oil development. Cheaper gas with higher EOR potential will reduce the production cost and bring huge economic benefits to oil company especially in this low oil price period.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SOME 1,2,3‐ AND 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLEPROPIONIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Die Phenyltriazolpropionsäuren (V), (VIII), (XI), (XIII), (XVI), (XX) und (XXII) werden entsprechend dem Formelschema hergestellt.
<title>Passive smart self-repair in polymer matrix composite materials</title> (1993)

An investigation was made into the feasibility of developing a smart polymer matrix composite which has the ability to self-repair internal microcracks due to thermo-mechanical loading. The investigation focuses on the controlled cracking of hollow repair fibers dispersed in a composite and the subsequent timed release of chemicals which results in the sealing of matrix microcracks and the rebonding of damaged interfaces. In this preliminary work, the mechanisms of chemical release from a single repair fiber embedded in a polymer matrix were investigated using experimental analyses. It was found that controlled cracking of the repair fiber and subsequent release of the repair chemicals could be achieved by applying a polymer coating to the surface of the repair fibers. Release of chemicals into cracks was observed using optical microscopy and photoelasticity. Fiber pull-out and impact tests were performed to examine the ability to rebond fibers and fill cracks, respectively.
ailSemantic Web-based data representation and reasoning applied to disease mechanism and pharmacology (2007)

To pursue a systematic approach to the discovery of novel and inferable relationships between drugs and diseases based on mechanistic knowledge, we have sought to apply semantic Web-based technologies to integrate heterogeneous data from pharmacological and biological domains. We have devised a knowledge framework, Disease-Drug Correlation Ontology (DDCO), constructed for semantic representation of the key entities and relationships. A collection of prior knowledge sets including pharmacological substance, drug target, pathway, disease and clinical features, and all interlinking properties were integrated using an RDF (resource description framework) model derived from the semantic elements defined in the DDCO framework. Using the resulting RDF graph network, ontology-based mining and queries could identify embedded associations in this genome-phenome-pharmacome network. Several use-cases demonstrated that potentially powerful rewards could be obtained through semantic integration based on principles of drug action modeling.
Blurred Persistence (2016)

Persistent memory provides data durability in main memory and enables memory-level storage systems. To ensure consistency of such storage systems, memory writes need to be transactional and are carefully moved across the boundary between the volatile CPU cache and the persistent main memory. Unfortunately, cache management in the CPU cache is hardware-controlled. Legacy transaction mechanisms, which are designed for disk-based storage systems, are inefficient in ordered data persistence of transactions in persistent memory. In this article, we propose the Blurred Persistence mechanism to reduce the transaction overhead of persistent memory by blurring the volatility-persistence boundary. Blurred Persistence consists of two techniques. First, Execution in Log executes a transaction in the log to eliminate duplicated data copies for execution. It allows persistence of the volatile uncommitted data, which are detectable with reorganized log structure. Second, Volatile Checkpoint with Bulk Persistence allows the committed data to aggressively stay volatile by leveraging the data durability in the log, as long as the commit order across threads is kept. By doing so, it reduces the frequency of forced persistence and improves cache efficiency. Evaluations show that our mechanism improves system performance by 56.3% to 143.7% for a variety of workloads.
Construction of a 2,6-Difunctionalized 2-Methyl-2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran Library by Using a Solid-Phase Synthesis Protocol (2005)

[reaction: see text] A library containing 1200 analogues of 2,6-difunctionalized 2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran was constructed by using a solid-phase synthesis protocol. Polymer-bound 6-amido-, 6-sulfonamido-, and 6-uredo-functionalized 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylbenzopyrans 10 were prepared as part of a first-generation diversification step by employing reactions of respective acid halides, sulfonyl chlorides, and isocyanates with the amine precursor 7. Transformations of the resin-bound intermediates 10 by reactions with alkyl and acid halides were then used to produce a diverse series of 2,6-difunctionalized 2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran analogues 12 and 14.
Development of PET Probes for Cancer Imaging (2015)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the most rapidly growing areas of medical imaging for cancer research. The principal goal of PET imaging is to visualize, characterize, and measure biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in living subjects using non-invasive procedures. Taking advantage of the traditional diagnostic imaging techniques, PET imaging introduces positron-emitting probes to determine the expression of indicative molecular targets at different stages of cancer progression. As a key component of PET technique, an appropriate imaging probe must be able to specifically reach the target of interest in vivo while retaining in the target within reasonable time to be detected. Over the last decade, numerous target-specific PET probes have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of recent advances made in PET imaging of cancer biology with a focus on the best-studied biological targets. The trends in developing future PET imaging probes are also discussed.
Fluorinated Nanocellulose-Reinforced All-Organic Flexible Ferroelectric Nanocomposites for Energy Generation C (2018)

We report here enhanced ferroelectric crystal formation and energy generation properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the presence of surface-modified crystalline nanocellulose. Incorporation of only 2–5 wt % fluorinated nanocellulose (FNC) in PVDF has been found to significantly induce polar β/γ-phase crystallization as compared to the addition of unmodified nanocellulose (carboxylated nanocellulose). A device made up of electrically poled PVDF/FNC composite films yielded 2 orders of magnitude higher voltage output than neat PVDF in vibrational energy harvesting. This remarkable increase in energy generation properties of PVDF at such a low loading of an organic natural biopolymer could be attributed to the tailored surface chemistry of nanocellulose, facilitating strong interfacial interactions between PVDF and FNC. Interestingly, energy harvesting devices fabricated from PVDF/FNC nanocomposites charged a 4.7 μF capacitor at significantly faster rate and the accumulated voltage on capacitor was 3.8 times greater than neat PVDF. The fact that PVDF/FNC nanocomposites still retain a strain at break of 10–15% and can charge a capacitor in few seconds suggests potential use of these nanocomposites as flexible energy harvesting materials at large strain conditions.
Primordial germ cell in teleost fish with special references to its specification and migration (2010)

Summary

Germ-line chimeras provide a valuable approach to surrogate propagation in poultry farming and aquaculture. The appropriate combinations of donor germ cells and host individuals enable the production of eggs and sperm and of offspring from strains with a high commercial value or valuable genotype via an easily reared species or strain. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are one of the candidate cell types that can be used in the production of germ-line chimeras. The model teleost species, zebrafish, has been used to study specification, differentiation and migration of PGCs. However, it is important that the properties of PGCs are also determined for fish species used in aquaculture. Recent technical developments together with improvements in embryo manipulation techniques have enabled analyses of the differentiation of PGCs and their migration to the genital ridge. Here, we report the characteristic properties of PGCs from several teleost species and investigate their behavior in germ-line chimeras using fluorescently-tagged PGCs.
Preliminary Nondestructive Testing Analysis on 3D Printed Structure Using Pulsed Thermography (2017)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes have vastly improved over the years and 3D-printed parts are no longer solely being used for prototyping but also as final products. Where AM parts are used in low-volume products, nondestructive testing is critical to validate product performance. This paper will discuss using an infrared thermography technique known as Pulsed Thermography (PT) based on the analysis of a theoretical one-dimensional solution as a nondestructive testing method for quantitatively measuring defect depths within a 3D-printed part made from a thermoplastic ABS. This method has previously been applied to composites, ceramics, and metals for quantification of defects, but no work has been done for thermoplastic 3D printed parts. This technique can potentially be integrated into existing equipment for online monitoring during part construction. This paper will demonstrate the ability of a low-cost PT system to characterize the surface of 3D-printed parts and detect the effect of common parameter variations. The capability of a PT system as a viable NDT method to quantitatively analyze a 3D-printed part would allow for post process quality control in comparison to initial design and simulation.
Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Hot-Pressed p-Type Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Sb<sub>1.5</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> Alloys Prepared by Rapid Solidification Technique (2004)

Rapidly solidified bismuth-telluride based alloy foil; fabricated using the single roller melt spinning method exhibits a fine microstructure with unidirectional crystals. Meanwhile, a hot-pressing process, using rapidly solidified foils, was used to prepare the consolidated samples. The fine microstructure of this alloy is extremely effective in decreasing thermal conductivity because of the grain boundary scattering of the phonons, a key factor improving the thermoelectric properties of thermoelectric materials. Hot-pressed samples using these rapidly solidified foils display lower thermal conductivity values than the alloys made by the conventional hot-consolidating method using pulverized ingot powder. In this case, thermoelectric properties were investigated comparatively in terms of hot-pressed rapidly solidified foil specimens and pulverized powders of these foils under 53 μm in size, evaluating the dependence of the hot-pressing temperature and consequent pressure on the thermoelectric properties of these specimens. The maximum figure of merit (Z) obtained was 3.34 × 10−3 K−1.
Mesitylene‐Cored Glucoside Amphiphiles (MGAs) for Membrane Protein Studies: Importance of Alkyl Chain Density in Detergent Efficacy (2016)

Detergents serve as useful tools for membrane protein structural and functional studies. Their amphipathic nature allows detergents to associate with the hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins whilst maintaining the proteins in aqueous solution. However, widely used conventional detergents are limited in their ability to maintain the structural integrity of membrane proteins and thus there are major efforts underway to develop novel agents with improved properties. We prepared mesitylene-cored glucoside amphiphiles (MGAs) with three alkyl chains and compared these agents with previously developed xylene-linked maltoside agents (XMAs) with two alkyl chains and a conventional detergent (DDM). When these agents were evaluated for four membrane proteins including a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), some agents such as MGA-C13 and MGA-C14 resulted in markedly enhanced stability of membrane proteins compared to both DDM and the XMAs. This favourable behaviour is due likely to the increased hydrophobic density provided by the extra alkyl chain. Thus, this study not only describes new glucoside agents with potential for membrane protein research, but also introduces a new detergent design principle for future development.
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase: role in lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis (2000)

In the past several years significant advances have been made in our understanding of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) function. LCAT beneficially alters the plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, as well as HDL. In addition, its proposed role in facilitating reverse cholesterol transport and modulating atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in vivo. Analysis of LCAT transgenic animals has established the importance of evaluating HDL function, as well as HDL plasma levels, to predict atherogenic risk.
Spotlight on avian pathology: fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in chickens and beyond – an unresolved host-pathogen interplay (2020)

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in chickens have undergone substantial changes in recent decades, driven by host and pathogen factors. Based on the pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), modern broilers are much more inclined to have difficulties keeping the metabolic homeostasis, whereas adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) is noticed equally in broilers and egg-layers. Defining the importance of certain serotypes for specific FAdV diseases is a major achievement of recent years but the isolation of viruses from clinically healthy birds remains unexplained, as virulence factors are hardly known and continue to be a “black box”. Together with further studies on pathogenesis of FAdV-induced diseases, such knowledge on virulence factors would help to improve protection strategies, which presently mainly concentrate on autogenous vaccines of breeders to prevent vertical transmission.
Expression of Functional Recombinant Mussel Adhesive Protein Type 3A in Escherichia coli (2005)

Mussel adhesive proteins, including the 20-plus variants of foot protein type 3 (fp-3), have been suggested as potential environmentally friendly adhesives for use in aqueous conditions and in medicine. Here we report the novel production of a recombinant Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 3 variant A (Mgfp-3A) fused with a hexahistidine affinity ligand in Escherichia coli and its approximately 99% purification with affinity chromatography. Recombinant Mgfp-3A showed a superior purification yield and better apparent solubility in 5% acetic acid (prerequisites for large-scale production and practical use) compared to those of the previously reported recombinant M. galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (Mgfp-5). The adsorption abilities and adhesion forces of purified recombinant Mgfp-3A were compared with those of Cell-Tak (a commercial mussel extract adhesive) and recombinant Mgfp-5 using quartz crystal microbalance analysis and modified atomic force microscopy, respectively. These assays showed that the adhesive ability of recombinant Mgfp-3A was comparable to that of Cell-Tak but lower than that of recombinant Mgfp-5. Collectively, these results indicate that recombinant Mgfp-3A may be useful as a commercial bioadhesive or an adhesive ingredient in medical or underwater environments.
Evaluation of a UAV-based hyperspectral frame camera for monitoring the leaf nitrogen concentration in rice (2016)

UAV based hyperspectral imaging is a promising approach to monitor crop growth status rapidly and non-destructively. This paper described a novel instrument to get hyperspectral information from lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles for crop monitoring. The objectives of this study were to assess the data quality of one hyperspectral frame camera and evaluate the ability in rice nitrogen status monitoring. In this study, we introduced one hyperspectral frame camera weighing 470g which could be mounted to low-weight UAVs (<;3 kg). The flight campaign was conducted in a paddy rice field in September 2015. During the flight, two ground-based portable spectrometers (ASD Field Spec Pro spectrometer and GreenSeeker RT 100) were used to collect rice canopy spectra. Later, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from hyperspectral images was compared with that from GreenSeeker and ASD. Also, field sampling was taken at the same day with the flight, and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) was obtained through Kjeldahl digestion method. Five existing vegetation indices that were used for N detection were used to estimate LNC. Results are satisfactory, which lay a foundation for the promising application of UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing on precision agriculture.
DESDynI adopts hybrid polarity SAR architecture (2009)

DESDynl-Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice-is one of the first-tier missions recommended in The National Research Council's Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey. DESDynI's L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is designed to measure terrain surface deformation and forest biomass, hence its quadrature-polarimetric SAR mode. The objective to provide quantitative information on a global scale imposes severe requirements on the radar to maximize coverage and to sustain reliable operational calibration. These requirements are best served by the hybrid-polarity architecture, in which the radar transmits in circular polarization, and receives on two orthogonal linear polarizations, coherently, retaining their relative phase. This architecture offers many significant advantages over conventional all-linearly-polarized SARs. This paper reviews those advantages, summarizes key attributes of hybrid-polarity dual- and quadrature-polarized SARs including conditions under which the signal-to-noise ratio is conserved, and describes the evolution of this architecture from first principles.
Control of limit cycle oscillations in second-order recursive digital filters using constrained random quantization (1978)

Limit cycles occur in recursive digital filters due to quantization of fixed point products. A common method of preventing these limit cycles from degrading the performance of the filter is to increase the internal wordlength of the filter beyond the input encoding accuracy, increasing the cost of the filter. This paper proposes two techniques which suppress limit cycles. One involves constrained random quantization of the output of the B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> multiplier of a standard second-order digital filter section. A second technique detects and eliminates dc and half sampling rate limit cycles. These techniques control all kinds of limit cycles produced by recursive filters with zero input, at the cost of a modest increase in circuit complexity.
Abstract 3609: Generation and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody recognizing both the blood and tissue form of human PCBP-1 (2012)

Abstract Background: Poly(rC)-binding protein-1 (PCBP-1) is a nucleic-acid-binding protein that localizes in nucleus and/or cytoplasm of cells. Shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm has been related to its function in regulation of RNA transcription, translation and also implicated its involvement in cancer metastasis, progression and chemoresistance. In the present study, we investigated the levels and expression of PCBP-1 in breast carcinoma and its potential use as a biomarker in breast carcinoma differential diagnosis. Methods/Results: We generated a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), AB-PCBP-1 using hybridoma technology and native protein in cell culture medium as immunogen. This mAb is of IgG1 (kappa) type. It specifically recognized both native and denatured human PCBP-1 protein and displayed high affinity as assessed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry assay, western blot and flow cytometry applications. Using this mAb in competitive ELISA, we showed for the first time that soluble PCBP-1 level is significantly increased in the plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients’ plasma. PCBP-1 is also expressed in metastatic breast carcinoma tissue by immunohistochemistry. Seventy percent of normal breast ducts and lobules expressed strong nuclear staining whereas cytoplasmic staining was less specific and found in most cancer tissues. We examined 90 cases of breast carcinoma tissues classified as either ductal and lobular carcinoma. To evaluate the immunoreactivity of PCBP-1, the staining intensity and intracellular distribution were compared and scored as 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+ based on intensity. Seventy nine % (60 out of 76) of ductal carcinomas showed strong cytoplasmic staining (2+ and 3+) and 45% also exhibited strong nuclear localization for PCBP-1. Lobular carcinomas (n=14), on the other hand, showed an exclusively nuclear staining pattern.Conclusion: AB-PCBP-1 mAb showed high performance in blood and tissue assays. PCBP-1 levels were significantly increased in blood and demonstrated a distinct pattern of expression related to histological tumor types, suggesting that PCBP-1 may be involved in a regulatory mechanism that differs in various subtypes of breast carcinoma. The results suggest the potential clinical use of PCBP-1 as a therapeutic target and/or a biomarker in blood and tissue for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3609. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3609