gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Microscopic Wall Shear Stress Distribution on Endothelial Cell Model (1998)

Abstract Wall shear stress induced by blood flow affects morphology and physiology of endothelial cells. The specific mechanisms alternating shapes and functions have not been identified in endothelial cells, because of the lack of a detailed description of the flow near the cell surface. To clarify the mechanism, an analysis of the flow on subcellular scale is required. We therefore developed velocimetry using expanded cell model (Fukushima et al. 1997). The method, however, needs some improvements in order to discuss wall shear stress distribution on subcellular scale. In this paper we deal with determination of three-dimensional velocity field and wall shear stress distribution and verify the reliability by comparing experimental results with theoretical solution.
Demonstration of soft x-ray amplification in nickel-like ions (1987)

We report the first observation of amplification of spontaneous emission at soft x-ray wavelengths by ions in the nickel-like sequence. The ions are created by high-intensity laser irradiation of a thin foil. Gains of order 1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ are observed on J=0-1, 4d-4p transitions in ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{35+}$ at 65.83 and 71.00 A\r{}. There is some evidence for amplification on the analogous lines at 50.26 and 56.09 A\r{} in ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{42+}$. The pumping mechanism is believed to be electron collisional excitation from the ground state. The scheme should be readily scalable to produce amplification in ${\mathrm{W}}^{46+}$ at 43.15 A\r{}.
One-step, high-yield purification of human prostatic acid phosphatase from seminal fluid by gel-filtration HPLC under nondenaturing conditions. (1988)

Abstract This is a fast, efficient method for purification to homogeneity of human prostatic acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2], from seminal fluid. Use of a "high-pressure" liquid-chromatographic gel-filtration column permits high-yield recovery of the purified enzyme with most of its enzymatic and immunological activity retained.
Fast and Highly-Available Stream Processing over Wide Area Networks (2008)

We present a replication-based approach that realizes both fast and highly-available stream processing over wide area networks. In our approach, multiple operator replicas send outputs to each downstream replica so that it can use whichever data arrives first. To further expedite the data flow, replicas run independently, possibly processing data in different orders. Despite this complication, our approach always delivers what non-replicated processing would produce without failures. We call this guarantee replication transparency. In this paper, we first discuss semantic issues for replication transparency and extend stream-processing primitives accordingly. Next, we develop an algorithm that manages replicas at geographically dispersed servers. This algorithm strives to achieve the best latency guarantee, relative to the cost of replication. Finally, we substantiate the utility of our work through experiments on PlanetLab servers as well as simulations based on real network traces.
Relationship between testicular inhibin content and serum FSH concentrations in rats after bilateral efferent duct ligation (1984)

The testicular inhibin content showed an initial increase in the first 2-3 days after bilateral ligation of the efferent ducts of rats, followed by a subsequent decline to levels significantly below normal by 14 days, and reached 25% of control values at 42 days. Serum concentrations of FSH and LH were significantly increased at Day 6-7 after treatment and were still elevated after 42 days. The decline in testicular inhibin content at times associated with elevated FSH concentrations is consistent with the hypothesis of inhibin being involved in the feedback control of FSH secretion.
Proof linking: a modular verification architecture for mobile code systems (2004)

This dissertation presents a critical rethinking of the Java bytecode verification architecture from the perspective of a software engineer. In existing commercial implementations of the Java Virtual Machine, there is a tight coupling between the dynamic linking process and the bytecode verifier. This leads to delocalized and interleaving program plans, making the verifier difficult to maintain and comprehend. A modular mobile code verification architecture, called Proof Linking, is proposed. By establishing explicit verification interfaces in the form of proof obligations and commitments, and by careful scheduling of linking events, Proof Linking supports the construction of bytecode verifier as a separate engineering component, fully decoupled from Java&apos;s dynamic linking process. This turns out to have two additional benefits: (1) Modularization enables distributed verification protocols, in which part of the verification burden can be safely offloaded to remote sites; (2) Alternative static analyses can now be integrated into Java&apos;s dynamic linking process with ease, thereby making it convenient to extend the protection mechanism of Java. These benefits make Proof Linking a competitive verification architecture for mobile code systems. A prototype of the Proof Linking Architecture has been implemented in an open source Java Virtual Machine, the Aegis VM (http://aegisvm.sourceforge.net). On the
56nm-pitch low-k/Cu dual-damascene interconnects integration with sidewall image transfer (SIT) patterning scheme (2012)

Three metal level 56nm-pitch Cu dual damascene interconnects in k2.7 low-k ILD have been demonstrated by using sidewall-image-transfer (SIT) patterning scheme to investigate the feasibility of the SIT process for sub 50nm-pitch technology node. 45nm-pitch line resistance (R) and capacitance (C) simulation are performed to estimate the R-C variation for double patterning schemes. The photoresist mandrel SIT process for 56nm-pitch Cu line is investigated to develop the constant line pitch and less line edge roughness (LER). The basic electrical properties such as line open/short and via chain open/short yields are ~100%. The 56nm-pitch R-C variation is comparable to simulated 80nm-pitch R-C variation. The SIT patterning process is a strong candidate to improve the R-C variation for sub50nm-pitch technology nodes.
A Kinetic and Dynamic Analysis of Foxp3 Induced in T Cells by TGF-β (2007)

TGF-beta induces Foxp3 expression in stimulated T cells. These Foxp3+ cells (induced regulatory T cells (iTreg)) share functional and therapeutic properties with thymic-derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (natural regulatory T cells (nTreg)). We performed a single-cell analysis to better characterize the regulation of Foxp3 in iTreg in vitro and assess their dynamics after transfer in vivo. TGF-beta up-regulated Foxp3 in CD4+Foxp3- T cells only when added within a 2- to 3-day window of CD3/CD28 stimulation. Up to 90% conversion occurred, beginning after 1-2 days of treatment. Foxp3 expression strictly required TCR stimulation but not costimulation and was independent of cell cycling. Removal of TGF-beta led to a loss of Foxp3 expression after an approximately 4-day lag. Most iTreg transferred into wild-type mice down-regulated Foxp3 within 2 days, and these Foxp3- cells were concentrated in the blood, spleen, lung, and liver. Few of the Foxp3- cells were detected by 28 days after transfer. However, some Foxp3+ cells persisted even to this late time point, and these preferentially localized to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. CXCR4 was preferentially expressed on Foxp3+ iTreg within the bone marrow, and CD62L was preferentially expressed on those in the lymph nodes. Like transferred nTreg and in contrast with revertant Foxp3- cells, Foxp3+ iTreg retained CD25 and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene. Thus, Foxp3 expression in naïve-stimulated T cells is transient in vitro, dependent on TGF-beta activity within a highly restricted window after activation and continuous TGF-beta presence. In vivo, a subset of transferred iTreg persist long term, potentially providing a lasting source for regulatory activity after therapeutic administration.
Making academic research more relevant: A few suggestions (2014)

Academic research in the domain of management scholarship, though steeped in scientific and methodological rigour, is generally found to be of little relevance to practice. The authors of this paper have revisited the rigour-relevance debate in light of recent developments and with special reference to the management research scenario in India. The central thesis of the argument is that the gulf between rigour and relevance needs to be bridged to make academic research more relevant to business organizations and practitioners. They have offered some suggestions to enhance the relevance of academic research to practice.
Deep Learning for LiDAR Point Clouds in Autonomous Driving: A Review (2020)

Recently, the advancement of deep learning in discriminative feature learning from 3D LiDAR data has led to rapid development in the field of autonomous driving. However, automated processing uneven, unstructured, noisy, and massive 3D point clouds is a challenging and tedious task. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of existing compelling deep learning architectures applied in LiDAR point clouds, detailing for specific tasks in autonomous driving such as segmentation, detection, and classification. Although several published research papers focus on specific topics in computer vision for autonomous vehicles, to date, no general survey on deep learning applied in LiDAR point clouds for autonomous vehicles exists. Thus, the goal of this paper is to narrow the gap in this topic. More than 140 key contributions in the recent five years are summarized in this survey, including the milestone 3D deep architectures, the remarkable deep learning applications in 3D semantic segmentation, object detection, and classification; specific datasets, evaluation metrics, and the state of the art performance. Finally, we conclude the remaining challenges and future researches.
4.5.1 Multivariable MHz and GHz Wireless Chem/Bio Sensors for Environmental, Industrial, and Security Applications (2012)

To improve selectivity of existing sensors and sensor arrays, we developed a concept of multivariable resonant sensing. Here we demonstrate its performance on several types of transducers in their wireless implementations. These transducers include inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and split ring resonator (SRR) devices. Our individual sensors demonstrate part-per-billion and part-per-trillion detection limits and successfully compete in their selectivity with sensor arrays.
Project report: reducing color rivalry in imagery for conjugated multiple bandpass filter based stereo endoscopy (2011)

A pair of conjugated multiple bandpass filters (CMBF) can be used to create spatially separated pupils in a traditional lens and imaging sensor system allowing for the passive capture of stereo video. This method is especially useful for surgical endoscopy where smaller cameras are needed to provide ample room for manipulating tools while also granting improved visualizations of scene depth. The significant issue in this process is that, due to the complimentary nature of the filters, the colors seen through each filter do not match each other, and also differ from colors as seen under a white illumination source. A color correction model was implemented that included optimized filter selection, such that the degree of necessary post-processing correction was minimized, and a chromatic adaptation transformation that attempted to fix the imaged colors tristimulus indices based on the principle of color constancy. Due to fabrication constraints, only dual bandpass filters were feasible. The theoretical average color error after correction between these filters was still above the fusion limit meaning that rivalry conditions are possible during viewing. This error can be minimized further by designing the filters for a subset of colors corresponding to specific working environments.
Textile Environmental Conditioning: Effect of Relative Humidity Variation on the Tensile Properties of Different Fabrics (2012)

With the aim that to confirm the need for humidity control in the environment in which textile sample are visually and instrumentally analyzed, three different pre-conditioned fabrics sample of cotton, polyester and silk were treated at a fix temperature of 21?C. The relative humidity adjusted to four levels: 55%, 65%, 75% and 85% RH for a conditioning time of 24 hours as specified in ASTM D-1776-98. It has been observed that as the relative humidity increase from 55% to 85% cotton increase its tensile strength, silk losses its strength and there was no significant change observed in the tensile strength of polyester fabric.
SmartRec: Fast Recovery from Single Failures in Heterogeneous RAID-Coded Storage Systems (2017)

It is not uncommon for reconstruction I/Os to encounter workload fluctuation in heterogeneous RAID-coded storage systems. This paper proposes a heterogeneity-aware single-failure recovery scheme—SmartRec—to tolerate double and multiple disk failures in RAIDs. We start this study by formulating the data recovery problem of single-disk failures in form of an optimization function in the context of online and heterogeneous disk arrays. To take both static heterogeneity associated with disk configurations and dynamic heterogeneity affected by I/O loads into account, SmartRec periodically selects an appropriate reconstruction solution according to up-to-date disk utilization. The appropriate reconstruction solution indicates the amount of data being retrieved across surviving disks and is expected to achieve minimal recovery time, which is induced by both candidate reconstruction sequences and reconstruction I/O capability of surviving disks. We build a response-time model in SmartRec to measure the reconstruction I/O capability of surviving disks during a recovery process. To quantitatively compare the SmartRec scheme against three alternatives (i.e. ConRec, MinRec and BalRec), we build four analytical models and validate the correctness of the four models using empirical evaluations. We implement the four reconstruction schemes in a heterogeneous RAID, and carry out comparative online reconstruction tests by replaying real-world workloads under various configurations. The experimental results illustrate that our SmartRec scheme outperforms the three existing reconstruction schemes in terms of reconstruction time by up to 35.3% with an average of 25.8%.
<i>Germany 1945: From War to Peace</i>, by Richard Bessel. (2011)

"Germany 1945: From War to Peace, by Richard Bessel.." Canadian Journal of History, 46(1), pp. 167–168
Learning physics by making models (1993)

The use of computers in physics teaching is dominated by data loggers and simulation programs. This article suggests a stronger consideration of computer-aided modelling. Icon-oriented modelling packages provide opportunities for a qualitative jump of computer usage in physics education.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamines and Oxytocin during Labour, Parturition, Vaginocervical Stimulation, Lamb Separation and Suckling in Sheep (1986)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and concentrations of monoamines, monoamine metabolites and oxytocin (OT) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sheep during late pregnancy, labour, parturition, vaginocervical stimulation, lamb separation and suckling. Concentrations of AChE, 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenylethan-1,2-diol (MHPG) and OT were significantly elevated during labour and parturition. OT levels were also significantly raised in cycling ewes given vaginocervical stimulation. Separation of the ewes from their lambs (0.5-2 h) caused significant increases in AChE and MHPG, but not in OT. During suckling, following reunion of the ewes and lambs, concentrations of AChE and OT were significantly raised. The dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were significantly lower in CSF during late pregnancy than during parturition and post-partum. Intravenous injections of OT which produced high circulating levels of this hormone in plasma produced significant, but very small, increases in concentrations of OT in the CSF. Our results show that in the sheep, labour, parturition, suckling and vaginocervical stimulation provoke a release of OT in the brain similar to that in the peripheral circulation. Changes in CSF levels of AChE and MHPG during labour, parturition and lamb separation, but not during vaginocervical stimulation, may be related to stress or hypertension.
The Crisis in College Sports, 1951 (2011)

Abstract This chapter shows how John E. Hocutt, the dean of men at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, customarily met individually with all male students near the end of their sophomore year to review their records and evaluate their progress toward graduation. William and Mary was a state-supported institution with an enviable academic reputation. In the spring of 1949, Hocutt, a gruff, no-nonsense administrator, informed a member of the college's football team that an introductory Spanish course he had passed would not count toward his degree. Hocutt explained that since the student had taken two years of Spanish in high school he could not receive credit for freshman Spanish at William and Mary. The student protested that he had never taken Spanish in high school and the transcript that showed his having done so was incorrect. It later came to light that the college's copy of the student's transcript had been altered.
Metal Fibre Diesel Particulate Filter : Function and Technology (2005)

<span class="label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A number of different filter media using various kinds of materials have been developed since the end of the 1970's. Up to now filters made of steel wool, cordierite, silicon carbide, sintered metals and metal and ceramic fabrics have been used. Problems with inadequate durability due to the high mechanical and thermal stresses, new requirements for the filter material, such as high filtration efficiency for nano-particulates (10 - 50 nm) at minimum pressure loss, a longer working life and a low cost level have triggered the development of new filter materials [<span class="xref">1</span>]. This paper describes the performances of a new diesel particulate filter based on metal fibre medium.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The metal fibre medium is a non-woven, pleatable medium with a three dimensional, felt-like structure. The filtration fibre media are made of sintered Fe-Cr-Al alloy metal fibres, based on combinations of bundle drawn fibres and shaved Bekinit<sup>®</sup> fibres. In the application of Diesel Exhaust Particulate Filtration based on a multi-layer metal fibre fleece, the capturing of the PM happens inside of the medium and not on the surface of the medium. As such this technology enables large dirt holding capacities (PM and ash) with a thin light-weight medium, while low pressure drop is maintained.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Most of the filter trap issues are related to the filter regeneration method and to its compatibility with the filter material. It can be shown that due to the material properties of the metal fibre media, the regeneration is easier.</div>
Electron Transport through Rectifying Self-Assembled Monolayer Diodes on Silicon:  Fermi-Level Pinning at the Molecule−Metal Interface (2006)

We report the synthesis and characterization of molecular rectifying diodes on silicon using sequential grafting of self-assembled monolayers of alkyl chains bearing a pi group at their outer end (Si/sigma-pi/metal junctions). We investigate the structure-performance relationships of these molecular devices, and we examine the extent to which the nature of the pi end group (change in the energy position of their molecular orbitals) drives the properties of these molecular diodes. Self-assembled monolayers of alkyl chains (different chain lengths from 6 to 15 methylene groups) functionalized by phenyl, anthracene, pyrene, ethylene dioxythiophene, ethylene dioxyphenyl, thiophene, terthiophene, and quaterthiophene were synthesized and characterized by contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that reasonably well-packed monolayers are obtained in all cases. Their electrical properties were assessed by dc current-voltage characteristics and high-frequency (1-MHz) capacitance measurements. For all of the pi groups investigated here, we observed rectification behavior. These results extend our preliminary work using phenyl and thiophene groups (Lenfant et al., Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 741). The experimental current-voltage curves were analyzed with a simple analytical model, from which we extracted the energy position of the molecular orbital of the pi group in resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes. We report experimental studies of the band lineup in these silicon/alkyl pi-conjugated molecule/metal junctions. We conclude that Fermi-level pinning at the pi group/metal interface is mainly responsible for the observed absence of a dependence of the rectification effect on the nature of the pi groups, even though the groups examined were selected to have significant variations in their electronic molecular orbitals.
Evaluation of Remote Stethoscopy for Pediatric Telecardiology (1995)

Hands-on ES provided reliable and valid screening for congenital heart disease. Tele-ES was highly reliable but had reduced diagnostic validity. Examiner blinding, bandwidth limitations, and artificial restrictions on the remote assistant may have contributed to this reduced performance. As these factors are easily correctable, we regard the ES as a highly promising tool for pediatric telecardiology.
Rheology, composition, and peel‐mechanism of block copolymer–tackifier‐based pressure sensitive adhesives (1992)

Abstract Three samples of styrene–isoprene–styrene (S–I–S) block copolymers were chosen; copolymer A had 25% styrene, and copolymers B and C had 14% styrene. Copolymers A and B contained 20% diblock polymer and copolymer C contained 40% diblock polymer. All copolymers were mixed with a terpene type tackifier to make 56% and 48% weight tackifier concentration. These represent our model samples of pressure sensitive adhesives. The determination of tack, room‐temperature peel‐strength, and failure temperature under static shear were performed. The above results have been interpreted with the basic rheological data. The dynamic viscoelastic measurements and tensile stress–strain measurements were used. The effects of tackifier on the rubbery plateau moduli were treated with the Guth–Gold‐type equation. The implications of the deviation from the equation are discussed in terms of the connectivity between polystyrene domains and the stability of the hard domains affected by inclusion of rubber segments.