gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro antimicrobial and larvicidal properties of wild Ricinus communis L. in Mauritius (2015)

To explore the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities as well as the insecticidal properties of the different sections of Ricinus communis (castor) plant in Mauritius. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the determination of phytochemicals in the crude leaves, pericarp, seeds, bark and root extracts obtained by using polar and non-polar solvents. The disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the crude solvent extracts against 13 microorganisms. The insecticidal properties of the crude extracts on larvae of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), which caused important economic losses to local fruits were also investigated. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The polar solvents' extracts of the fully mature parts of the castor plant were active against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922), E. coli (0145:H28 Acc. No. CP006027.1) with inhibition zones ranging from 16 mm to 19 mm and against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) (B. cereus), Listeria innocua (ATCC 33090) (L. innocua). Lowest microbial inhibitory concentration was recorded for B. cereus, L. innocua, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and Proteus mirabilis strain (NCTC 11938) with value of 3.2 μg/mL. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was extracted from the fully mature pericarps and it was the most active against E. coli (ATCC 25922), B. cereus, L. innocua and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). In addition, the extracts obtained by using polar solvent and fully mature leaves demonstrated the strongest larvicidal activity against Bactrocera zonata (100%). Ricinus communis (castor) plant extracts possess larvicidal properties providing an effective eco-friendly control for fruit flies. The antimicrobial results justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and the practice of supplementing decoctions/concoctions with conventional antibiotics.
Reaction of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with tellur and dimethyltelluride in the system of hydrazine hydrate-alkali (2006)

A synthesis of oligomeric substance of thiocol type, the poly(trimethyleneditelluride), from 1-bromo-3-chloropropane and elemental tellurium is performed using a hydrazine hydrate-alkali system. Reductive splitting of the tellurocol followed by alkylation with methyl iodide give rise to preparation of bis(methyltelluro)propane, which was synthesized also from dimethyltelluride and 1,3-dihalopropanes using the N2H4·H2O/KOH system. Mass spectra of the synthesized low molecular weight organotellurium compounds are considered.
Cetylated fatty acids improve knee function in patients with osteoarthritis. (2002)

Compared to placebo, CFA provides an improvement in knee range of motion and overall function in patients with OA of the knee. CFA may be an alternative to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for the treatment of OA.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Acquire Cardiac-Specific Markers but Do Not Become Functional Cardiomyocytes and Retain the Stromal Phenotype. (2007)

Abstract Although marrow-derived MSCs may be beneficial in treating models of ischemic heart disease, their ability to transdifferentiate into functional cardiomyocytes remains unclear. MSCs from female transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the cardiac-specific α-myosin heavy chain promoter were co-cultured with male rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (rCMs). This novel in vitro model permits identification and functional analysis of putatively transdifferentiated MSCs based on GFP expression. In co-culture, 6.3% of MSCs became GFP+. Quantitative PCR using murine-specific primers revealed that co-cultured MSCs express the cardiac-specific genes atrial natriuretic factor, Nkx2.5 and α-cardiac actin. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry on GFP+ MSCs established co-expression of the sarcomeric proteins troponin I and α-actinin, but without a clear sarcomeric pattern. Despite expression of cardiac genes, patch-clamp experiments illustrate that GFP+ MSCs did not fire action potentials and did not express voltage gated sodium and calcium currents (INa and ICa). In contrast, action potentials, INa and ICa were readily observed in all GFP− rCMs studied in the co-cultures. When investigated using slow voltage ramps, GFP+ MSCs displayed electrical properties typical of non-excitable cells, suggesting retention of a stromal cell phenotype. Indeed, detailed immunophenotyping of GFP+ MSCs demonstrated expression of all antigens used to characterize MSCs as well as the acquisition of additional markers of cardiomyocytes with the phenotype: CD45− CD34+ CD73+ CD105+ CD90+ CD44+ SDF1+ CD134L+ collagen type IV+ vimentin+ troponin T+ troponin I+ a-actinin+ connexin 43+. Although cell fusion between rCMs and MSCs was detectable by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the very low frequency (0.68%) cannot account for the phenotype of the GFP+ MSCs. In conclusion, we have identified a MSC population that shows plasticity towards the cardiomyocyte lineage but that retains mesenchymal stromal cell properties, including a non-excitable electrophysiological phenotype. The demonstration of a MSC-derived population co-expressing cardiac and stromal cell markers may explain the conflicting results in the literature regarding transdifferentiation and indicates the importance of extensive immunophenotypic and functional analysis of the manipulated cells. The data also infer the need to identify mechanisms other than cardiomyocyte differentiation that underlie the effects of MSCs on myocardial injury.
Electrostatics of pyroelectric accelerators (2009)

Derivations for equations for calculating the potential and field strength in both single-crystal and two-crystal pyroelectric accelerators are presented. Such expressions for the single-crystal system are well established in the literature, but with cursory derivations. We provide a rigorous derivation of the single-crystal system and expand upon this physical understanding to derive expressions for the potential and field in a two-crystal system. The expressions are verified with finite element modeling and compared with experimental results. This allows for better understanding of pyroelectric accelerators.
우유투여가 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 유발 위십이지장 암 발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구 (1990)

An experimental study on the effect of milk diet on carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was designed in rats to elucidate its mechanism. A total of 136 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups according to the milk dosagnes in each diet. The entire group of 136 rats was fed the MNNG (100 g/ml) and milk for the initial 28 weeks. Thereafter for the next 12 weeks the group was fed a normal diet only. After this 40 week experiment 109 rats survived. These rats were then dissected with the results being summarized as follows: Suppression of gastroduodenal malignancy was evidenced by the increase of milk concentration in the diet except for the group given MNNG and the lowest concentration of milk (6% milk). Significant differences in the rate of cancer association were present between the regenerative hyperplasia (22.2%) and adenomatous hyperplasia (57.9%). The incidence of benign lesions increased proportionally with the concentration of milk in the diet, especially in regenerative hyperplasia. In the group which had been given the lowest concentration of milk there was a significant increase of the serum gastrin level in the rats with gastric cancer or precancerous benign lesions like regenerative hyperplasia or adenomatous hyperplasia.
Characterization of Fe(III) Reduction by Chlororespiring <i>Anaeromxyobacter dehalogenans</i> (2003)

Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C has been shown to grow by coupling the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of ortho-substituted halophenols, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, or fumarate. In this study, strain 2CP-C was also found to grow by coupling Fe(III) reduction to the oxidation of acetate, making it one of the few isolates capable of growth by both metal reduction and chlororespiration. Doubling times for growth of 9.2 and 10.2 h were determined for Fe(III) and 2-chlorophenol reduction, respectively. These were determined by using the rate of [(14)C]acetate uptake into biomass. Fe(III) compounds used by strain 2CP-C include ferric citrate, ferric pyrophosphate, and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. The addition of the humic acid analog anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) increased the reduction rate of amorphous ferric iron oxide, suggesting AQDS was used as an electron shuttle by strain 2CP-C. The addition of chloramphenicol to fumarate-grown cells did not inhibit Fe(III) reduction, indicating that the latter activity is constitutive. In contrast, the addition of chloramphenicol inhibited dechlorination activity, indicating that chlororespiration is inducible. The presence of insoluble Fe(III) oxyhydroxide did not significantly affect dechlorination, whereas the presence of soluble ferric pyrophosphate inhibited dechlorination. With its ability to respire chlorinated organic compounds and metals such as Fe(III), strain 2CP-C is a promising model organism for the study of the interaction of these potentially competing processes in contaminated environments.
Rapid prototyping of temporal bone for surgical training and medical education (2004)

This prototype 3D model made using selective laser sintering serves as a good educational tool for middle ear surgery.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2005)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) complements magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive means for the characterization of tissue. While MRI uses the signal from hydrogen protons to form anatomic images, proton MRS uses this information to determine the concentration of brain metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and lactate in the tissue examined. The most widely used clinical application of MRS has been in the evaluation of central nervous system disorders.MRS has its limitations and is not always specific but, with good technique and in combination with clinical information and conventional MRI, can be very helpful in diagnosing certain entities. For example, a specific pattern of metabolites can be seen in disorders such as Canavan's disease, creatine deficiency, and untreated bacterial brain abscess. MRS may also be helpful in the differentiation of high grade from low grade brain tumors, and perhaps in separating recurrent brain neoplasm from radiation injury.
Ribosome-mediated polymerization of long chain carbon and cyclic amino acids into peptides in vitro (2020)

Ribosome-mediated polymerization of backbone-extended monomers into polypeptides is challenging due to their poor compatibility with the translation apparatus, which evolved to use α-L-amino acids. Moreover, mechanisms to acylate (or charge) these monomers to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to make aminoacyl-tRNA substrates is a bottleneck. Here, we rationally design non-canonical amino acid analogs with extended carbon chains (γ-, δ-, ε-, and ζ-) or cyclic structures (cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane) to improve tRNA charging. We then demonstrate site-specific incorporation of these non-canonical, backbone-extended monomers at the N- and C- terminus of peptides using wild-type and engineered ribosomes. This work expands the scope of ribosome-mediated polymerization, setting the stage for new medicines and materials.
Prevention of intestinal toxic effects and intensification of irinotecan's therapeutic efficacy against murine colon cancer liver metastases by oral administration of the lipopeptide JBT 3002. (1998)

The induction of severe diarrhea limits the usefulness of the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of advanced colon cancer. We investigated whether oral administration of the new synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, JBT 3002, encapsulated in phospholipid liposomes could prevent damage to the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria and thus allow for the parenteral administration of high-dose irinotecan to mice with established syngeneic CT-26 colon cancer liver metastases. Treatment of mice with four daily i.p. injections of 100 mg/kg irinotecan was effective against liver metastases but also resulted in loss of body weight and early death. Histopathological examination of the intestines after this treatment revealed loss of villi, epithelial vacuolation, decrease in the number of cells in the crypts in S-phase, increase in the number of apoptotic cells, and reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. In contrast, treatment of mice with the same irinotecan regimen after oral administration of JBT 3002 produced highly significant inhibition of liver metastases without detectable damage to the intestines. Studies that used irinotecan administered once a week for 3 weeks after pretreatment with oral JBT 3002 demonstrated significantly intensified eradication of established CT-26 liver metastases compared with treatment with once-weekly irinotecan alone. Histological studies revealed that the liver metastases in mice treated with oral JBT 3002 and i.p. irinotecan contained a higher number of macrophages than metastases in mice treated with either drug alone. In vitro studies revealed that irinotecan produced direct antiproliferative effects but JBT 3002 did not. Tumor cells exposed to both irinotecan and macrophages activated by JBT 3002 were highly susceptible to lysis. These data show that oral administration of JBT 3002 can prevent irinotecan-induced gastrointestinal toxic effects and maintain the integrity of the lamina propria, thus allowing for intensification of irinotecan therapy against liver metastases from colon cancer.
Electrostatic Torsion Mirror for Optical Disk Drives (1999)

A new electrostatic torsion mirror with a silicon/silicon structure has been developed for optical disk drives. It positions the beam spot accurately on an optical disk 1),2). This mirror is mounted on a 3.8 x 4.5 mm chip and weighs approximately 25 mg. Thus, downsizing of optical heads can be realized by using this torsion mirror. This torsion mirror is composed of an elliptic mirror plate, twin supporting beams, and a pair of driving electrodes. The forms of these elements define the mechanical parameters of this torsion mirror: natural frequency and damping ratio. These mechanical parameters are designed to satisfy the specifications for a high-frequency positioning of the optical beam spot. Experimental frequency responses showed that a test model had a second modal mechanical frequency of over 50 kHz, and the characteristics were in good agreement with the designed values. This torsion mirror will make possible more accurate spot positioning than can be achieved using conventional electromagnetic actuators.
Planar Edge Termination Design and Technology Considerations for 1.7-kV 4H-SiC PiN Diodes (2005)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and comparison of different planar edge termination techniques on high-voltage 4H-SiC PiN diodes, including single- and double-junction termination extensions (JTE), floating guard rings, and a novel termination structure, the so-called "floating guard rings-assisted JTE." The influence of the anode metal edge location over different periphery regions on the breakdown voltage is also discussed, as well as the effect of a field plate and the passivation layer on the reverse characteristics. The terminations were studied by way of two-dimensional numerical device simulations and they are confirmed by fabricating and measuring 1.7-kV 4H-SiC aluminum implanted PiN diodes. It is shown that the novel termination structure provides the best results achieving the highest breakdown voltages with good production yield. The fabricated diodes also exhibited excellent forward current characteristics with a low on-state voltage drop of 3.0 V at 100 A/cm/sup 2/, thanks to the low specific contact resistivity achieved (/spl rho//sub C/=1/spl middot/10/sup -5/ /spl Omega/cm/sup 2/) after the high-temperature treatment of the anode contact. High-temperature reverse current-voltage measurements were also carried out and are presented and discussed.
18대 대선과 유권자의 후보 선택 (2013)

본 연구의 목적은 18대 대선에서 나타난 유권자의 투표행태를 개괄적이고 종합적으로 분석하는데 있다. 18대 대선에서의 유권자 투표행태를 사회경제적 요인, 정당지지, 이념, 이슈, 회고적 투표와 전망적 투표의 관점에서 빈도분석과 이항로지스틱회귀분석을 이용하여 살펴보았다. 남성보다 여성 유권자가, 연령이 낮은 유권자보다 연령이 높은 유권자가, 타 지역 출신자 또는 거주자보다 부산·울산·경남 지역 출신자가, 진보적인 유권자보다 보수적인 유권자가, 민족적 차원에서 북한을 지원해야 한다는 의견에 찬성하는 유권자보다 반대하는 유권자가, 재벌이 스스로 개혁을 하지못하여도 기업 활동에 간섭해서는 안된다는 의견에 반대하는 유권자보다 찬성하는 유권자가, MB 정부에 대하여 부정적으로 평가하는 유권자보다 긍정적으로 평가하는 유권자가, 가정의 경제제가 나빠질 것으로 전망하는 유권자보다 좋아질 것으로 기대하는 유권자가 박근혜 후보를 지지했던 것으로 나타났다.
Development and characterisation of high electrical performances TSV for 3D applications (2009)

Today, a new trend in wafer level packaging is to add more than one die in the same package and, sometimes, to use the third dimension in order to: Decrease the form factor of the final system; Improve the thermal and electrical performances of the device; Decrease the cost of the final product. In order to stack the heterogeneous components in the third dimension, TSV (through silicon vias) is a very promising technology compare to wire bonding. In this paper, the technological bricks specifically developed for 3D integration demonstrator will be presented. The integration flow was based on the 45 nm technology top chip stacked on a 130 nm technology active bottom wafer. This flow needed to develop specific wafer level packaging technologies such as: Top chip & bottom chip interconnections; High aspect ratio TSV included into the bottom wafer; Backside interconnections for subsequent packaging step; Temporary bonding and debonding of bottom wafer. Top chip stacking on bottom wafer In the first part of the paper, the complete process flow will be presented. Then, a technical focus will be done on the specific steps developed for the improvement of the TSV's electrical performances. Finally, the electrical results achieved on a specific test vehicle, similar to the demonstrator will be discussed. The electrical results obtained on a technological test vehicle will be firtly presented. Those results include electrical continuity, pillars resistance, TSV resistance and capacitance and TSV insulation and current losses. Then, the electrical results obtained with the ¿high electrical performances¿ process on the functionnal demonstrator will be showed, including a specific focus on the TSV capacitance measurements.
Isolation and Characterization of Polyethylene Wear Debris Associated with Osteolysis Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty* (1999)

We evaluated the interface membranes surrounding three total shoulder prostheses that had been removed because of progressive aseptic loosening associated with osteolysis. The mean time between the uncomplicated initial arthroplasty and the revision procedure was twelve years (10.5, 10.5, and 16.0 years). Membranes from around both the humeral and the glenoid component were obtained from all three shoulders and were studied histologically to determine the biological response involved in the development of aseptic loosening. For the purpose of comparison, periprosthetic tissue was also obtained from the sites of four failed total hip prostheses that were associated with osteolysis. Polyethylene particles were retrieved with an enzymatic digestion technique that involved the use of papain. Raman vibrational spectroscopy verified that the particles were ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The particles were isolated from the tissue, and a computerized image-analysis system characterized 582 of them in terms of size and morphology. Each particle was defined with the use of six shape descriptors: equivalent circle diameter, roundness, form factor, aspect ratio, elongation, and outline fractal dimension. The particles from the hips had a mean equivalent circle diameter (and standard error of the mean) of 0.62 +/- 0.03 micrometer, were predominantly globular in shape, and had low mean values for aspect ratio (1.46 +/- 0.02) and elongation (1.85 +/- 0.03) and relatively high values for roundness (0.74 +/- 0.01) and form factor (0.87 +/- 0.01). In contrast, the particles from the shoulders had a mean equivalent circle diameter of 1.04 +/- 0.03 micrometers. In addition, they had relatively high values for aspect ratio (2.36 +/- 0.07) and elongation (4.96 +/- 0.23) and correspondingly low values for roundness (0.54 +/- 0.01) and form factor (0.67 +/- 0.01), indicating that they were more fibrillar in shape. The particles from the shoulders and those from the hips were significantly different (p < 0.0001) with respect to all of the descriptors except outline fractal dimension. The particles from the shoulders, in general, were larger and more fibrillar than the particles from the hips.
Learning To Associate Observed Driver Behavior with Traffic Controls (1999)

Adaptive techniques support the development of new tools to help traffic engineers classify and evaluate traffic flow at intersections. A tool that learns to associate driver behavior with a subset of traffic controls (e.g., stoplights and stop signs) is described. In the case in which the traffic controls for an intersection are not readily available or are unknown, the tool automatically identifies the traffic controls present at an intersection from observed driver behavior. This capability may be used to augment digital maps with traffic control locations. In the case in which traffic controls are known or have previously been classified, the tool flags instances in which driver behavior is inconsistent with the traffic controls actually present. This capability might be used by various services for drivers such as dynamic routing and new safety systems. It might also be used by traffic engineers to evaluate control placement in real or simulated road networks by finding situations that elicit unusual driver behavior. The tool is calibrated with driving data for a set of segments with known controls. The tool first learns to identify the controls present on individual road segments and then uses handcrafted rules to verify control consistency across segments at intersections. The data set comprised real-world position data collected during normal daily driving. The tool accurately identified 100 percent of the data that passed verification. These results encourage belief that the system can provide traffic engineers with a reliable mapping between driver behavior and traffic controls.
4G system level simulation parameters for evaluating the interoperability of MTMR in UMTS and HIPERLAN/2 (2003)

Fourth generation wireless networks (4G) are expected to provide ubiquitous wireless communications at high data rates and a large variety of services, as their main feature will be the interoperability and seamless roaming between wireless local area networks (W-LANs) and third generation mobile networks. This paper focuses in the system level issues of simulating a 4-G network with multiple transmit-multiple receive (MTMR) transceivers for interoperating UMTS and HIPERLAN/2 networks. User behaviour is addressed in terms of mobility and traffic characteristics. Existing user data from a GSM-GPRS operator (COSMOTE) have been used in order to extract the parameters to be used in the simulations. The most heavy traffic hotspot scenario - an airport - is analysed.