gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier Lifetime Measurements by Microwave Photoconductive Decay Method at Low Injection Levels (1993)

The minority carrier lifetime of Si wafers has been measured at very low injection levels by employing a newly developed microwave photoconductive decay (µ-PCD) technique. It is found that the effective lifetime is dramatically increased for the case of p-type Si when the injection level is reduced to two orders of magnitude less than the equilibrium value. In contrast to this, the n-type wafer lifetime remains almost un-changed even upon lowering the injection level. Also, it is shown that the different contamination levels of Fe in Si wafers are clearly discriminated by the measured lifetime.
High Performance Silicon Anodes Enabled By Nonflammable Localized High Concentration Electrolytes (2019)

High performance silicon anodes enabled by nonflammable localized high concentration electrolyte Haiping Jia, Ji-Guang Zhang, Wu Xu Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States. Silicon (Si) anode is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to graphite for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but their practical applications have been hindered by high volume change, limited cycle life and safety concerns. In this work we developed nonflammable localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) for Si-based anodes. The LHCEs enabled the Si anodes with significantly enhanced electrochemical performances comparing to conventional carbonate electrolytes with high content of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The LHCE with only 1.2 wt% FEC can further improve the long-term cycling stability of Si-based anodes. When coupled with a LiNi 0.3 Mn 0.3 Co 0.3 O 2 cathode, the full cells using this nonflammable LHCE could maintain >90% capacity after 600 cycles at C/2 rate, demonstrating excellent rate capability and cycling stability at elevated temperatures and high loadings. This work casts new insights in electrolyte development from the perspective of in-situ Si/electrolyte interphase protection for high energy-density LIBs with Si anodes.
Quantification and Glucocorticoid Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcripts in Two Human Leukemic Cell Lines (2003)

We have quantified the basal and glucocorticoid-regulated levels of different transcripts from the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene in the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, CEM-C7, and in the B lymphoblastoid cell line, IM-9. Highly specific quantitative, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays measured total GR transcripts, transcripts encoding the isoforms glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRalpha) and glucocorticoid receptor beta (GRbeta), and transcripts containing different forms of exon 1: 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B, and 1C. GRalpha and GRbeta transcripts are coordinately upregulated in CEM-C7 cells and coordinately downregulated in IM-9 cells by dexamethasone. The concentration of GRalpha mRNA is more than a 1000-fold higher than that for GRbeta mRNA. Transcripts with different exon 1 forms are all upregulated in CEM-C7 cells and all downregulated in IM-9 cells by dexamethasone, but transcripts containing exons 1A1, 1A2, or 1A3 are regulated to a higher degree than transcripts containing exon 1B or exon 1C. However, exon 1B- and exon 1C-containing transcripts are substantially more abundant than exon 1A-containing transcripts, with exon 1A3-containing transcripts more abundant than exon 1A1- or exon 1A2-containing transcripts. Analysis using models for glucocorticoid receptor autoregulation kinetics suggests that the minor 1A3-containing transcript component could be important for GR protein upregulation, and hence apoptosis, in CEM-C7 cells. These studies suggest that GRalpha transcripts containing exons 1A3, 1B, and 1C contribute most to the intracellular level of GR mRNA and may be the most relevant for steroid-mediated apoptosis in T-lymphoblasts.
Multifunctional Chemical for Simultaneous Dissolution of Iron Sulfide, Corrosion Inhibition, and Scale Inhibition (2019)

Abstract Operators producing hydrocarbons from conventional and unconventional wells often encounter interconnected production-related challenges that exacerbate one another. Challenges during production include the corrosion of steel caused by acid gases, as well as the precipitation and accumulation of iron sulfide, calcium carbonate scale, and barium sulfate scale. The accumulation of solids on pipe walls can facilitate under-deposit corrosion and plugging. Each of these issues can lead to failures and costly workovers. To address these issues, current treatment approaches require multiple chemical applications, frequent batch treatments, mechanical intervention, or a combination of approaches. In certain scenarios, these approaches can be impractical, ineffective, and/or uneconomical. The objective of this study was to develop a solution to overcome the aforementioned production challenges simultaneously and continuously with a single chemical application. The design strategy was to formulate chemicals that included a variety of chemistries to inhibit multiple corrosion mechanisms, as well as an iron sulfide dissolver, and a scale inhibitor to inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scales. Laboratory tests were conducted to demonstrate that the formulations could function in the aforementioned areas. One formulation was then applied in the field under different production scenarios: oil wells equipped with either a gas lift mechanism or an electrical submersible pump. Data from those situations are presented to demonstrate the field performance of the new formulation. Compared to the benchmark chemical treatment efforts, application of the formulation improved or maintained similar corrosion control, reduced or eliminated the accumulation of iron sulfide solids in the well, and improved scale control in each of the production scenarios. This paper presents a viable option for effectively treating common production challenges simultaneously and with one chemical application, which is particularly useful when it is impractical or uneconomical to employ multiple chemical treatments.
Detoxification and Disposal of Hazardous Organic Chemicals by Processing in Supercritical Water (1985)

Abstract : A new process for the destruction of hazardous waste makes use of supercritical water (SCW) as the medium for a rapid and highly efficient oxidation reaction. Destruction efficiencies of 99.99% and greater have been achieved for a broad spectrum of organic chloride compounds and solvents. This report presents the results of bench scale tests of the SCW system on a variety of compounds which yielded information on destruction efficiency, performance capacity, reaction kinetics, fate of inorganic heteroatoms and system corrosion. Keywords: Supercritical water; Hazardous waste, Destruction; Oxidation, Hazardous materials.
Improved alkali-metal/silicate binders (1978)

Family of inorganic binders utilizes potassium or sodium oxide/silicate dispersion and employs high mole ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali-metal binder. Binders are stable, inexpensive, extremely water resistant, and easy to apply.
Optoelectronic Probing of Neural Circuits with Multifunctional Fibers (2015)

With its diversity of signaling modalities: electrical, chemical and mechanical, nervous system poses demands of multimodality on neural interface technologies. Multimaterial fiber technology may enable minimally invasive multifunctional probing of the complexity of neural circuits.
Efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) Offloading Mechanism in LTE Networks (2016)

With the increase in mobile traffic and the bandwidth demand, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks has gained tremendous interest by the researchers, cellular operators and equipment manufacturers. However, the application of D2D communication has been limited to emergency services and it needs to be explored in commercial applications. In this paper, we have introduced a novel commercial D2D offloading scheme for users who may be at cell edges, inside isolated environments like basement or large buildings, etc. Our proposed scheme discovers the available idle D2D neighbors for such poor channel users and offloads its data to the D2D neighbor, which then relays the data to the eNB. We have developed a D2D offloading simulation model in MATLAB, have conducted extensive simulations and have observed that the proposed scheme can provide better efficiency to the network as well as satisfy the poor channel users significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. Synthesis and in vitro Binding Activity of Some 6‐Substituted‐3‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐triazolo(3,4‐a)phthalazines. (1989)

Some 3-aryl-6-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines (VI a,b) and 3-aryl-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines (XVIII) have been synthesized. From (VI b) some 3-aryl-6-(alkylamino)methyl- and 3-aryl-6-(alkoxy)methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit selective 3H-diazepam (3H-DZ) binding to benzodiazepine-receptors (BZRs) from homogenates of synaptosomes from rat brains. Several compounds have been shown to displace 3H-DZ from BZRs with Ki (nM) values ranging from 2.2 to 88, comparable to those of the reference drugs including Diazepam.
PULPING AND BLEACHING OF CAD-DEFICIENT WOOD (2001)

Mutant loblolly pine trees that are deficient in the enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) have been obtained through directed breeding. The lignin in the wood of CAD-deficient trees has a different pool of precursors, resulting in high levels of pulping-resistant C-5 linkages. Wood from a 12-year-old CAD-deficient tree has been pulped under soda and kraft conditions in microdigestors. In comparison to a normal 12-year-old loblolly pine, the CAD-deficient wood was much more easily delignified. In addition, the pulp from CAD-deficient wood was as easy to bleach as a control pulp. The high reactivity of CAD-deficient wood may be related to the lignin size and phenolic content. The molecular weight of an isolated milled wood lignin from CAD-deficient pine was ∼35% less than that from a normal pine tree.
In vivo results of real-time freehand elasticity imaging (2002)

We are developing a system for real-time estimation and display of tissue elastic properties using a clinical ultrasonic imaging system. Our hypothesis is that real-time feedback of elasticity images is essential in obtaining high-quality data. Extensive experience with laboratory fixtures and off-line processing of elasticity data showed that problems occurring in data acquisition often resulted in poor elasticity image quality. Our experience with real-time freehand elasticity imaging shows that images with high contrast-to-noise can be obtained. Results in volunteer patients have shown that high quality elasticity images are easily obtained in vivo in breast and thyroid pathologies. The key element to successful scanning is real-time visual feedback which guides the patient positioning and compression direction. Results show that individual images of axial strain in tissues can be quite misleading and that a 'movie loop' of strain images provides significantly more information adding to intuition.
Recent Advances in 3D Weaving for Textile Preforming (2000)

Abstract There have been many publications on “3D Weaving”, and there are numerous patents on a variety of devices that may be used to make a “3D Woven” structure. The majority of the 3D woven products that are currently commercially available are formed by a 2D weaving process that is used to build up a preform with fibers oriented in three dimensions. Recent advances have lead to multiple insertion 3D weaving, i.e. 3D fabric formation with each process cycle, or multi-layers at one time. The 3Weaving™ process is a multiple insertion 3D weaving technology that is different from traditional weaving. These distinctions about the different processes will be detailed in this paper. Additionally, the economics, manufacturing and performance of 3D woven textile preforms for composites will be discussed. Problems and solutions in each of these areas that prevent the large scale production of advanced composites will be presented. The advantage of 3D textile preforming is the ability to take complexity and labor out of manually intensive and expensive composites fabrication processes, and put it in the relatively inexpensive automated preforming process.
Electrochemical Recovery of Lithium Ions in the Aqueous Phase (1993)

Abstract The electrochemical insertion of lithium ions into a Pt/λ-MnO2 electrode was investigated in various metal chloride solutions. The Li+ insertion occurred effectively in LiCl solutions with higher concentration than 10 mmol/dm3, but it could hardly occur in a 0.1 mmol/dm3 LiCl solution. Alkaline earth metal ions showed a stronger inhibition effect against the Li+ insertion into the Pt/λ-MnO2 electrode than alkali metal ions. However, since only Li+ ions were taken up from a mixed solution of lithium and alkaline earth metal chlorides, a high selectivity of the electrode for lithium ions was shown. It was possible to recover lithium ions from geothermal water by this electrochemical method using the Pt/λ-MnO2 electrode; the lithium uptake was 11 mg/g-MnO2.
Two-Photon Interactions for Use in Quantum Computing (2005)

Nonlinear interactions between two photons would have many potential applications, including the implementation of quantum logic gates for use in quantum computing. We are investigating a new mechanism for nonlinear optics at the two-photon level that is based on the exchange of photons by pairs of atoms in a medium, such as an atomic vapor. The effect can be understood as being due to a factor of two increase in the probability of having two excited atoms in the medium compared to the case in which the two photons propagate in two separate media. These effects are expected to be sufficiently large that cavities and traps should not be required, which may eventually allow the construction of large numbers of simple quantum logic gates.
Primitive-Based 3d Building Modeling, Sensor Simulation, and Estimation (2019)

As we begin to consider modeling large, realistic 3D building scenes, it becomes necessary to consider a more compact representation over the polygonal mesh model. Due to the large amounts of annotated training data, which is costly to obtain, we leverage synthetic data to train our system for the satellite image domain. By utilizing the synthetic data, we formulate the building decomposition as an application of instance segmentation and primitive fitting to decompose a building into a set of primitive shapes. Experimental results on WorldView-3 satellite image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our 3D building modeling approach.
Hydrogenation process for solid carbonaceous materials. [Patent application; US DOE] (1977)

Comparison was made of the ability of calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and beta to replicate the following templates: native E. coli CR-34 DNA (T-DNA), calf thymus DNA activated by DNase I (act.DNA), BU-DNA (from E. coli CR-34 cells cultured on BUdR-containing medium) with damages resulting from incomplete excision repair, as well as thermally denatured act.DNA and BU-DNA (s.s.act.DNA and s.s.BU-DNA). 3H-TTP incorporation during extensive replication of act.DNA was similar for both enzymes, being, as expected, 40 times higher than for T-DNA. Likewise, the differences in the yield of the s.s.act.DNA or s.s.BU-DNA replication between both enzymes were negligible. In contrast, damaged native DNA was 6 - 30 times more extensively replicated by DNA polymerase beta than alpha. We propose that this is due to the greater ability of DNA polymerase beta compared with alpha to replicate single-stranded gaps, the presence of which is more likely in damaged BU-DNA than in T-DNA and act.DNA.
Symptomatic and asymptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: Molecular differentiation by using microarrays (2002)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of unknown etiology that significantly affects the quality of life in aging men. Histologic BPH may present itself either as symptomatic or asymptomatic in nature. To elucidate the molecular differences underlying BPH, gene expression profiles from the prostate transition zone tissue have been analyzed by using microarrays. A set of 511 differentially expressed genes distinguished symptomatic and asymptomatic BPH. This genetic signature separates BPH from normal tissue but does not seem to change with age. These data could provide novel approaches for alleviating symptoms and hyperplasia in BPH.
Error correction and security in quantum cryptography (2003)

The deep connection between quantum error correction and the security of quantum key distribution has recently been demonstrated. The author survey some results in this subject.
A Conductance Based Solids Concentration Sensor for Large Diameter Slurry Pipelines (2000)

An instrument has been developed that measures the solids concentration in slurry pipelines ranging in diameter from 5–150 cm. The operating principle is based on conductance, and in contrast to the gamma densitometer, the instrument does not require a nuclear radiation source. The instrument operates on-line, is nonintrusive, and provides real-time output. The instrument measures local concentration around the pipe periphery, and the local values are integrated to obtain the area-average concentration. A graphical display shows the variation of concentration from the top of the pipe to the bottom as well as the area-average concentration history. The instrument has been extensively tested in an experimental slurry transport facility as well as on-line at the Swift Creek phosphate mine in the state of Florida. When compared with a quick-closing valve measuring technique, the mean deviation of solids concentration measured with the conductance based instrument is 0.81 percent based on mass. [S0098-2202(00)00704-5]
Structurally Defined Imidazolium-Type Ionic Oligomers as Soluble/Solid Support for Peptide Synthesis (2007)

Structurally defined ionic liquid-type imidazolium oligomers have been synthesized in multigram scales. These imidazolium salts have been applied to synthesize peptides efficiently in gram scale. The assembly of oligopeptides was conducted in homogeneous solution phase without the need of much excess reagents and capping as in the case of solid-phase peptide synthesis. Importantly, this approach made efficient peptide block couplings possible.
New Fracture Hydrodynamics and In-Situ Kinetics Model Supports Comprehensive Hydraulic Fracture Simulation (2018)

Abstract We demonstrate the advantages of a new hydraulic fracturing simulator comprising a fine-scale fracture hydrodynamics and in-situ kinetics model. In contrast to existing commercial modeling tools, it has a sufficient resolution and other functionality for adequate representation of modern stimulation technologies: pulsing injection of proppant, mixtures of multiple fracturing materials (fluids, proppants, fibers, etc.), materials degradation, etc. This simulator accounts for the influence of materials distribution on fracture propagation and calculates fracture conductivity distribution. We coupled it with a production simulation model and established a complete framework for hydraulic fracturing treatment design. In addition to the selection of the pumping schedule, this model can be used to define specifications for novel hydraulic fracturing materials. This is a step change tool for wellbore stimulation and production forecast.
A portable, real-time, clinical gait velocity analysis system (1997)

A direct ultrasound ranging system (DURS) has been developed for the quantitative evaluation of gait velocity. DURS consists of a transponder worn by the subject, a base unit infrared (IR) emitter/ultrasound (US) receiver, and a laptop computer. During gait analysis the transponder is worn by the subject at the approximate level of the body center of mass. As the subject walks away from the base unit his or her forward progression is displayed in real-time on the computer. At the end of the walking trial the instantaneous velocity profile, or gait velocigram (GVG), for that trial is displayed on the computer screen. From the GVG, parameters such as, gait speed, cadence, step length, step time, peak-to-peak variation, and time to achieve steady state walking are calculated and displayed. In addition gait deviations are readily apparent on the GVG.
Improved inline fiber optic sensor arrays (1991)

Abstract : An improved inline fiber optic sensor array is achieved by packaging a plurality of fiber optic sensor units such that each fiber optic sensor unit incorporates a complete functional sensor and adjacent fiber optic sensor units are separated by a delay element connected in series between each pair of fiber optic sensor units. Delay elements temporally separate measure and signals received from the individual fiber optic sensor units and permit decoupling of signals produced in response to environmental stress on the non-sensor unit portions of the array.
Efficient distributed scheduling architecture for wireless ATM networks (2003)

This paper presents a new distributed scheduling architecture for wireless ATM networks. Usually, in WATM scheduling architectures, a fixed order is defined among the different connections through their ATM service category (CBR, VBR, ABR, UBR). We argue that although this static priority is easier to implement, this type of precedence is not necessarily a good choice for the MAC layer. The MAC layer scheduling should define an order such that it uses efficiently the resources while providing quality of service (QoS) guarantees. In this spirit, our architecture delays (without violating their QoS) the real-time connections in order to improve the performance of non-real-time connections.
Preparation of monofunctional and phosphorescent palladium(II) and platinum(II) coproporphyrin labeling reagents (2001)

A method is described for preparation of monosubstituted derivatives of platinum and palladium coproporphyrin-I. The method is based on chemical differentiation of one of the four alkoxycarbonyl groups of the starting coproporphyrin-I tetraalkyl ester by selective acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysis results after chromatographic purification to pure mono hydroxycarbonyl coproporphyrin, which can be subsequently coupled with a chemical species carrying a functional group of interest. The described method is used for preparation of phosphorescent metalloporphyrin labeling reagents having an isothiocyanato reactive group.
Service design and inventory system &#x2014; An object-oriented reusable software asset (1996)

Competition and the fast pace of technological evolution in today's global telecommunications industry are placing unique demands on the flexibility of operations support software systems. The industry must be capable of rapidly introducing new services, technologies, and organizational structures. Networks must be capable of being partitioned for various applications and administered based on complex ownership relationships among the various network components. User permissions must be readily adaptable to reflect various combinations of services, network partitions, and work functions. To meet the time constraints of the market, telecommunications providers require the ability to configure systems to meet their needs without relying on traditional software development intervals and external software development resources. Traditional software development methodologies generally do not provide the timeliness and flexibility required. The Service Design and Inventory (SDI) system — also known as the Attribute Design Database System (ADDS) — has achieved a high degree of reusability and customer-configurable adaptability through a unique application of object-oriented technology.