gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Laboratory Method for Assessing the Erosional Characteristics of Mudcakes (2006)

Summary Design and development of superior drilling and drill-in fluids and the assessment of the effectiveness of mudcake cleaning from the borehole wall by cleaning systems require a good understanding of the fundamental phenomena associated with the erosional behavior of mudcakes formed by different mud systems. Because of serious consequences of mudcake erosion on the formation damage potential of drilling muds and mudcake cleaning before a cementation job, it is important to have a suitable, simple, and field-applicable method for predicting the erosional potential of mudcakes formed by muds of different chemical composition. The prediction of erosion behavior is essential to screen and select appropriate mud additives and also to design new mud products for producing good-quality mudcakes on the borehole wall. The technique and technology could provide a suitable means to assess the effectiveness of mudcake cleaning systems and to help design such cleaning systems for removal of mudcake from the borehole wall. Cakes formed by several water-based muds were evaluated using the newly developed technique. The testing has been performed with the simulation of hydrodynamic conditions corresponding to the drill-collar borehole-annular section of a wellbore. The results indicate that the presence of electrolytes significantly increases the erosion coefficient of bentonite mudcake. Ionic fluid-loss additives such as polyanionic cellulose (PAC) and carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC) reduced the erosion behavior of saltwater-based bentonite mudcake significantly. However, the presence of the polyanionic fluid-loss additive PAC caused a drastic reduction in the erosion characteristic of NaCl-based saltwater mud compared to the presence of the anionic fluid-loss additive CMC. The presence of the nonionic fluid-loss additive, modified starch, shows little improvement of erosional behavior of saltwater-based mudcake. It seems to be that the electrochemical forces of interactions of ionic fluid-loss additives play a vital role in making a mudcake nonerodible. The variation of the erosional characteristics of the mudcakes is attributable to the physical, chemical, and electrical properties of the cake-forming mud additives and also to the nature of the fabrics formed by these additives within the mudcake matrix.
Online Detection of Action Start in Untrimmed, Streaming Videos (2018)

We aim to tackle a novel task in action detection - Online Detection of Action Start (ODAS) in untrimmed, streaming videos. The goal of ODAS is to detect the start of an action instance, with high categorization accuracy and low detection latency. ODAS is important in many applications such as early alert generation to allow timely security or emergency response. We propose three novel methods to specifically address the challenges in training ODAS models: (1) hard negative samples generation based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to distinguish ambiguous background, (2) explicitly modeling the temporal consistency between data around action start and data succeeding action start, and (3) adaptive sampling strategy to handle the scarcity of training data. We conduct extensive experiments using THUMOS'14 and ActivityNet. We show that our proposed methods lead to significant performance gains and improve the state-of-the-art methods. An ablation study confirms the effectiveness of each proposed method.
Rapid purification of RNA secondary structures (2003)

A new method for rapid purification and structural analysis of oligoribonucleotides of 19 and 20 nt is applied to RNA hairpins SL3 and SL2, which are stable secondary structures present on the psi recognition element of HIV-1. This approach uses ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) to achieve the separation of the stem-loop from the transcription mix. Evidence is presented that IP-RPLC is sensitive to the different conformers of these secondary structures. The purity of each stem-loop was confirmed by mass spectrometry and PAGE. IP-RPLC purification was found to be superior to PAGE in terms of time, safety and, most importantly, purity.
Tolerogenic capacity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified ovalbumins in relation to their immunoreactivity towards anti-ovalbumin antibody (1997)

Ovalbumin (OVA) was chemically modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives: activated PEG2, 2,4-bis[O-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)]-6-chloro-s-triazine and activated PM13, copolymer of poly(oxyethylene) allyl methyl diether and maleic anhydride. Pretreatment of BALB/c mice with PEG2- or PM13-OVA suppressed the production of both IgG- and IgE-class anti-OVA antibodies induced by subsequent immunizations with unmodified OVA. PEG2-OVA had higher potency to suppress OVA-specific immune response than PM13-OVA. Although extensive modification (62%) of amino groups in the OVA molecule with activated PEG2 was required to diminish most of its immunoreactivity towards anti-OVA antibodies, only a low degree of modification (27%) was sufficient to induce tolerogenicity to OVA. Thus, the loss of immunoreactivity of PEG2-OVA was not prerequisite for its tolerogenic capacity. Moreover, the use of completely denatured PEG2-OVA immunogen lead to the loss of its ability to induce immune tolerance to native OVA. These observations are discussed in relation to the regulatory mechanism of immune response.
Factors influencing the decision of Mobile Handsets purchasing among youths: A case study of Delhi and NCR (2009)

The cell phone market is experiencing tough competition amongst all the cell phone sellers, each providing cheaper and attractive handsets. A variety of handsets has been launched to attract the customers. In the backdrop of this scenario, this study was conducted to understand how customers place these companies in their mind. This study tries to judge the perception of respondents by taking into account top-end features, basic features, brand image, economy, additional features, and versatility physical characteristics provided by handset sellers with the help of factor analysis. The study suggests that the handset sellers should be considering the above mentioned factors to equate the opportunity.
On Learning Discrete Graphical Models Using Greedy Methods (2011)

In this paper, we address the problem of learning the structure of a pairwise graphical model from samples in a high-dimensional setting. Our first main result studies the sparsistency, or consistency in sparsity pattern recovery, properties of a forward-backward greedy algorithm as applied to general statistical models. As a special case, we then apply this algorithm to learn the structure of a discrete graphical model via neighborhood estimation. As a corollary of our general result, we derive sufficient conditions on the number of samples n, the maximum node-degree d and the problem size p, as well as other conditions on the model parameters, so that the algorithm recovers all the edges with high probability. Our result guarantees graph selection for samples scaling as n = Omega(d^2 log(p)), in contrast to existing convex-optimization based algorithms that require a sample complexity of Ω(d^3 log(p)). Further, the greedy algorithm only requires a restricted strong convexity condition which is typically milder than irrepresentability assumptions. We corroborate these results using numerical simulations at the end.
A geometric comparison of source-type plots for moment tensors (2012)

We describe a general geometric framework for thinking about source-type plots for moment tensors. We consider two fundamental examples, one where the source-type plot is on the unit sphere, and one where it is on the unit cube. The plot on the sphere is preferable to the plot on the cube: it is simpler, it embodies a more natural assumption about eigenvalue probabilities and it is more consistent with the conventional Euclidian definition of scalar seismic moment. We describe the source-type plots of Hudson, Pearce and Rogers in our geometric context, and we find that they are equivalent to a plot on the cube. We therefore suggest the plot on the sphere as an alternative.
The expression of biologically active human p53 in<i>Leishmania</i>cells: a novel eukaryotic system to produce recombinant proteins (1995)

We have investigated the use of Leishmania cells as a novel eukaryotic expression system for the production of recombinant protein. These cells are easy to maintain, requiring no CO2 incubator or shaker, and can be grown in standard tissue culture media. Leishmania cells can be readily transfected with plasmid DNA by electroporation and transformants selected with antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to express foreign genes in Leishmania for the purpose of understanding the biology of this protozoan cell. In the present study we report the use of this system as a means of producing a biologically functional human p53 protein. The conformation of the p53 protein is critical for its ability to bind specific DNA sequences. It is demonstrated that Leishmania-synthesized human p53 is phosphorylated and can bind specifically to its enhancer DNA sequence. These data demonstrate that Leishmania may represent a simple eukaryotic expression system for the production of biologically active recombinant proteins.
Report: pharmacotherapy for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease: evolving strategies. (2016)

Moderate to severe disease causes substantial morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The approach to pharmacotherapy for patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is undergoing a fundamental transformation to change the course of disease in these patients. Disease severity is being redefined to consider the impact on the patient, its inflammatory burden, and the disease course. Prevention of disease progression and complications are replacing symptomatic remission as the goal of therapy. To achieve these goals, the treatment approach is evolving from a stepwise to a treat-to-target approach, with patients stratified to treatment according to their risk of disease progression or complications. The primary drug classes for induction and maintenance of remission in moderate to severe IBD are corticosteroids, thiopurines, tumor necrosis factor antagonists, and vedolizumab. Use of these drug classes is changing as IBD management evolves. This article reviews the efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and special issues for each class. The role for each class is formulated based on results of key clinical trials and meta-analyses, as well as clinical practice guideline recommendations.
Discovery and characterization of targetable NTRK point mutations in hematologic neoplasms (2020)

Abstract Much of what is known about the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes in cancer was revealed through identification and characterization of activating Trk fusions across many tumor types. A resurgence of interest in these receptors has emerged owing to the realization that they are promising therapeutic targets. The remarkable efficacy of pan-Trk inhibitors larotrectinib and entrectinib in clinical trials led to their accelerated, tissue-agnostic US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for adult and pediatric patients with Trk-driven solid tumors. Despite our enhanced understanding of Trk biology in solid tumors, the importance of Trk signaling in hematological malignancies is underexplored and warrants further investigation. Herein, we describe mutations in NTRK2 and NTRK3 identified via deep sequencing of 185 patients with hematological malignancies. Ten patients contained a point mutation in NTRK2 or NTRK3; among these, we identified 9 unique point mutations. Of these 9 mutations, 4 were oncogenic (NTRK2A203T, NTRK2R458G, NTRK3E176D, and NTRK3L449F), determined via cytokine-independent cellular assays. Our data demonstrate that these mutations have transformative potential to promote downstream survival signaling and leukemogenesis. Specifically, the 3 mutations located within extracellular (ie, NTRK2A203T and NTRK3E176D) and transmembrane (ie, NTRK3L449F) domains increased receptor dimerization and cell-surface abundance. The fourth mutation, NTRK2R458G, residing in the juxtamembrane domain, activates TrkB via noncanonical mechanisms that may involve altered interactions between the mutant receptor and lipids in the surrounding environment. Importantly, these 4 activating mutations can be clinically targeted using entrectinib. Our findings contribute to ongoing efforts to define the mutational landscape driving hematological malignancies and underscore the utility of FDA-approved Trk inhibitors for patients with aggressive Trk-driven leukemias.
The Effects of Prototypicality on the Perceptions of Gay Men (2019)

The current study assesses how prototypicality influences judgments individuals make about Gay men. It has been demonstrated that individuals make inferences about one’s racial group membership based on facial prototypicality (Maddox & Gray, 2002; Wilkins, Kaiser & Reick, 2010). We aim to expand on previous research and examine if individuals make inferences about a Gay man’s identification with the LGBT community, stereotypical traits he possesses, and the extent he is expected to be involved in activities associated with the LGBT community. Participants will be randomly assigned to view a photo of a gay man that has been previously rated for prototypicality (Low vs. High) and form an impression of him. Participants will be then asked to rate the individuals on their perceived group identification, stereotyped traits they possess, and activity in gay-typed activities. We expect that individuals High in prototypicality will be perceived to identify more with the LGBT community, possess more stereotypical traits, and engage in more activities for the LGBT community.
Isolating commodity hosted hypervisors with HyperLock (2012)

Hosted hypervisors (e.g., KVM) are being widely deployed. One key reason is that they can effectively take advantage of the mature features and broad user bases of commodity operating systems. However, they are not immune to exploitable software bugs. Particularly, due to the close integration with the host and the unique presence underneath guest virtual machines, a hosted hypervisor -- if compromised -- can also jeopardize the host system and completely take over all guests in the same physical machine.
Tumor necrosis factor combines with IL-4 or IFN-gamma to selectively enhance endothelial cell adhesiveness for T cells. The contribution of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-dependent and -independent binding mechanisms (1991)

The adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelium is the first step in their passage from the blood into inflammatory tissues. By modulating endothelial cell (EC) adhesiveness for lymphocytes, cytokines may regulate lymphocyte accumulation and hence the nature and progression of inflammatory responses. IL-1, TNF, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 each increase EC adhesiveness for T cells when used alone in adhesion assays in vitro. As cytokines are more likely to act in combination at sites of inflammation in vivo, we have studied the stimulating effect of different combinations of cytokines on EC adhesiveness for T cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Acting alone IL-1, TNF, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 each significantly enhanced EC adhesiveness for T cells (p less than 0.005), whereas only IL-1 (p less than 0.005) and TNF (p less than 0.005) but not IFN-gamma or IL-4 significantly enhanced adhesiveness for PMN. When EC were stimulated with optimal concentrations of TNF in combination with IL-4 or IFN-gamma, there was a significant further increase in adhesiveness for T cells (p less than 0.003), but not PMN, over that seen with TNF alone. The additive effect of TNF and IL-4 was more marked than that of TNF and IFN-gamma. Although approximately equal proportions of T cells and PMN bound to TNF-stimulated EC, nearly double the proportion of T cells compared with PMN bound EC preincubated with TNF and IL-4 together. A similar interaction with IL-4 or IFN-gamma was exhibited by lymphotoxin. mAb-inhibition studies indicated that the extra increase in binding caused by stimulating EC with TNF and IL-4 in combination was mediated by VCAM-1 whereas that caused by stimulating with TNF and IFN-gamma in combination was substantially mediated through leukocyte function-associated Ag-1- and VCAM-1-independent mechanisms. These observations suggest that whereas IL-1 and TNF alone are unselective in terms of leukocyte adhesion to EC, the combination of TNF (or LT) with IL-4 or IFN-gamma may be of key importance in determining the recruitment of a lymphocyte-predominant infiltrate in immune mediated inflammation, and in initiating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation.
Design of frequency synthesizers for short range wireless transceivers (2004)

Design of Frequency Synthesizers for Short RangeWireless Transceivers. (May 2004) Ari Yakov Valero Lopez, B.S., University of Guanajuato, Mexico; M.S., National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, Mexico Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio The rapid growth of the market for short-range wireless devices, with standards such as Bluetooth and Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) being the most important, has created a need for highly integrated transceivers that target drastic power and area reduction while providing a high level of integration. The radio section of the devices designed to establish communications using these standards is the limiting factor for the power reduction efforts. A key building block in a transceiver is the frequency synthesizer, since it operates at the highest frequency of the system and consumes a very large portion of the total power in the radio. This dissertation presents the basic theory and a design methodology of frequency synthesizers targeted for short-range wireless applications. Three different examples of synthesizers are presented. First a frequency synthesizer integrated in a Bluetooth receiver fabricated in 0.35μm CMOS technology. The receiver uses a low-IF architecture to downconvert the incoming Bluetooth signal to 2MHz. The second synthesizer is integrated within a dual-mode receiver capable of processing signals of the Bluetooth and Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b) standards. It is
Co-creation and user innovation: The role of online 3D printing platforms (2015)

The aim of this article is to investigate the changes brought about by online 3D printing platforms in co-creation and user innovation. As doing so requires a thorough understanding of the level of user involvement in productive processes and a clear view of the nature of co-creative processes, this article provides a ‘prosumption’ framework and a typology of co-creation activities. Then, based on case studies of 22 online 3D printing platforms, a service-based taxonomy of these platforms is constructed. The taxonomy and typology are then matched to investigate the role played by online 3D platforms in regard to the various types of co-creation activities and, consequently, how this impacts user innovation.
Augmenting Web Services Composition with Transactional Requirements (2006)

Current Web services composition approaches do not take into account transactional requirements defined by designers. The transactional challenges raised by the composition of Web services are twofold: relaxed atomicity and dynamicity. In this paper, we propose a new process to automate the design of transactional composite Web services. Our solution enables the composition of Web services not only according to functional requirements but also to transactional ones defined using the acceptable termination states model. The resulting composite Web service is compliant with the consistency requirements expressed by designers and its execution can easily be coordinated using the coordination rules provided as an outcome of our approach
Preparation and Compatibility Evaluation of Polypropylene/High Density Polyethylene Polyblends (2015)

This study proposes melt-blending polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) that have a similar melt flow index (MFI) to form PP/HDPE polyblends. The influence of the content of HDPE on the properties and compatibility of polyblends is examined by using a tensile test, flexural test, Izod impact test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM results show that PP and HDPE are incompatible polymers with PP being a continuous phase and HDPE being a dispersed phase. The FTIR results show that the combination of HDPE does not influence the chemical structure of PP, indicating that the polyblends are made of a physical blending. The DSC and XRD results show that PP and HDPE are not compatible, and the combination of HDPE is not correlated with the crystalline structure and stability of PP. The PLM results show that the combination of HDPE causes stacking and incompatibility between HDPE and PP spherulites, and PP thus has incomplete spherulite morphology and a smaller spherulite size. However, according to mechanical property test results, the combination of HDPE improves the impact strength of PP.
Four classes of <i>β</i>-hairpins in proteins (1986)

We show that beta-hairpins can be divided into four classes, each with a number of members. Hairpins from a single class are readily interconverted by loss or gain of hydrogen bonds, but interconversion between classes requires complete unzipping and reformation of the entire beta-hairpin. Sibanda & Thornton [(1985) Nature (London) 316, 170-174] have classified beta-hairpins as either two-residue, three-residue, four-residue etc., loops. We point out that their nomenclature, by itself, gives rise to ambiguities, but that, if the class (one of the four mentioned above) is also specified, the description of beta-hairpins becomes straightforward. A range of proteins of known three-dimensional structure has been examined; it provides examples of hairpins of each of the four classes and give some indication of their frequency of occurrence. The distribution observed is substantially different from that described by Sibanda & Thornton [(1985) Nature (London) 316, 170-174].
Computed tomography-guided drainage for large pulmonary bullae (2004)

Patients with large pulmonary emphysematous bullae often present therapeutic problems because of their poor respiratory function. We performed computed tomography (CT)-guided drainage in two patients with large pulmonary bullae who were considered poor surgical candidates. This method could be safely accomplished in a few minutes under local anesthesia and sufficient collapse of the bullae was obtained in both cases. We could control prolonged air leak from the catheter with bronchofiberoptic bronchial occlusion in one patient. CT-guided bulla drainage is a simple, speedy and minimally invasive treatment method for inoperable patients with large pulmonary bullae.
Renal Excretion of Stevioside in Rats (1992)

The renal excretion of stevioside, a glycoside extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, and its effect on renal excretion of several substances, was studied through clearance techniques in Wistar rats. After a control period, stevioside was infused iv at four concentrations (4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg). During all the experiments no significant changes in inulin clearance (CIn) were observed. The stevioside infusion induced a significant increase in the p-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), fractional sodium excretion (FeNa+), urinary flow as percent of glomerular filtration rate (V/GFR), and glucose clearance (CG) when compared to controls, but these effects were absent with the dose of 4 mg/kg. The stevioside clearance (CS) was higher than the CIn and lower than the CPAH at all the doses employed in this study. These results indicate that the stevioside is secreted by renal tubular epithelium and induces diuresis and natriuresis and a fall in renal tubular reabsorption of glucose.