gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rankine and Brayton Cycle Cogeneration for Glass Melting (1981)

Comparisons are made of the performance and installation costs of Rankine and Brayton power cycles when applied to waste heat recovery from a 350 ton/day container glass furnace. The power cycles investigation included: a) a conventional steam Rankine cycle, b) an organic Rankine cycle, c) an indirectly heated positive pressure Brayton cycle and d) a directly heated subatmospheric Brayton cycle. For the specified flue gas temperatures considered, the organic Rankine cycle produced the most electric power. If, however, reduction in fuel cost is of primary importance, then simple heat recuperation is the most effective method of heat recovery. Except for the subatmospheric Brayton cycle, typical payback periods are on the order of three to four years. The subatmospheric Brayton cycle was found not to be an attractive heat recovery alternative for this particular application.
Self-assembly of twin tapered bisamides into supramolecular columns exhibiting hexagonal columnar mesophases. Structural evidence for a microsegregated model of the supramolecular column (1996)

Abstract The 1,2-bis[3,4,5-tris(alkan-1-yloxy)benzamido] ethanes (DA-n , where n is the number of carbons in the alkanyl group) form a high temperature hexagonal columnar (ϕh) liquid crystalline phase when n ' 10, 11, 12, 14, 16 and 18. DA-n with n ' 4, 5, 6, and 7 show at elevated temperatures a distorted hexagonal crystal phase. X-ray diffraction data support a model for the ϕh phase consisting of a 2-D hexagonal lattice of self-assembled supramolecular columns in which the melted outstretching alkyl chains of DA-n occupy a space of constant density surrounding a rigid amide channel. A local ABAB stacking of layers along the column is proposed. Each layer contains two DA-n molecules. Layer B is rotated by 90[ddot] around the column axis relative to layer A. H-bonding between the amide groups is responsible for this mode of self-assembly.
Preparation and Characterization of ZnO Clusters inside Mesoporous Silica (2000)

Wide band-gap semiconductorzinc oxide nanoclusters have been prepared in the channels of MCM-41 materials by functionalizing the MCM-41 with ethylenediamine groups, absorbing zinc cations, and calcinating at high temperatures. The products have been characterized by XRD, TEM, EDS, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, and UV−vis and PL spectroscopies. ZnO clusters were mostly confined and dispersed in the pores of mesoporous hosts. No large ZnO particles on the external surfaces have been detected. A massive blue-shift in UV−vis absorption spectra has been observed and large band increase can be expected. The nature of the PL spectrum has been attributed to the defects related to oxygen vacancies. In addition, the assembly of cobalt, nickel, and copper oxides inside MCM-41 materials has also been tried by this scheme, but at the moment, only the cobalt oxide can be prepared with good results. Unfortunately, noble metals have usually grown into large particles on the outside surface of MCM-41 by this scheme, e.g., a lot of silver particles with sizes much larger than the pore diameter of MCM-41 host have been obtained. However, the explanation is not yet clear.
Psychophysical Factors Structuring the Feel of Skin Lotion. (1993)

Psychophysical factors structuring the feel of skin lotion were determined from the subjective estimation of tactile sensation and whole impression. First, 300 words expressing the feel of skin lotion were collected, synonyms were reduced, and then 41 words were selected to make a questionnaire. The 41 words were deviled into 3 categories; the tactile sensations of skin lotion in application (A), the tactile sensations of skin surface after application (B), and the impressions as a whole (C). Subjects were 240 female volunteers (aged 20-49yr), who were classified into three groups according to the self-reported skin surface conditions; oily, normal, and dry. In the experiment 16 skin lotions were used, each of which had different textural properties. Subjects were assigned to each lotion according to our experimental design, and they were asked to use the lotion and to estimate their feel by an 8-point scale on each of 41 words.Factor analysis was applied to each words category, and 7 factors could be identified; sticky BETATSUKI and slimy NUMERI obtained from category A, sticky BETATSUKI, softness YAWARAKA and smooth SARASARA obtained from category B, and comfortableness KAITEKIKAN and refreshed SAPPARIKAN obtained from category C. Factor analysis was applied to each of oily, normal, and dry skin group. No obvious difference could be found between these three groups concerning the psychophysical factors structuring the feel of skin lotion. Furthermore, the multiple regression analysis applied to the factor scores showed that the higher the estimation of skin softness is, the higher the scores of comfortableness are (standard partial regression coefficient: 0.44). The study showed an approach to survey the relationship between comfortableness and tactile sensation of skin lotions.
Continuous State-Space Models for Optimal Sepsis Treatment - a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach (2017)

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) and costs hospitals billions annually. Treating a septic patient is highly challenging, because individual patients respond very differently to medical interventions and there is no universally agreed-upon treatment for sepsis. Understanding more about a patient's physiological state at a given time could hold the key to effective treatment policies. In this work, we propose a new approach to deduce optimal treatment policies for septic patients by using continuous state-space models and deep reinforcement learning. Learning treatment policies over continuous spaces is important, because we retain more of the patient's physiological information. Our model is able to learn clinically interpretable treatment policies, similar in important aspects to the treatment policies of physicians. Evaluating our algorithm on past ICU patient data, we find that our model could reduce patient mortality in the hospital by up to 3.6% over observed clinical policies, from a baseline mortality of 13.7%. The learned treatment policies could be used to aid intensive care clinicians in medical decision making and improve the likelihood of patient survival.
Selective Identification of Hedgehog Pathway Antagonists By Direct Analysis of Smoothened Ciliary Translocation (2012)

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling promotes tumorigenesis. The accumulation of the membrane protein Smoothened (Smo) within the primary cilium (PC) is a key event in Hh signal transduction, and many pharmacological inhibitors identified to date target Smo's actions. Smo ciliary translocation is inhibited by some pathway antagonists, while others promote ciliary accumulation, an outcome that can lead to a hypersensitive state on renewal of Hh signaling. To identify novel inhibitory compounds acting on the critical mechanistic transition of Smo accumulation, we established a high content screen to directly analyze Smo ciliary translocation. Screening thousands of compounds from annotated libraries of approved drugs and other agents, we identified several new classes of compounds that block Sonic hedgehog-driven Smo localization within the PC. Selective analysis was conducted on two classes of Smo antagonists. One of these, DY131, appears to inhibit Smo signaling through a common binding site shared by previously reported Smo agonists and antagonists. Antagonism by this class of compound is competed by high doses of Smo-binding agonists such as SAG and impaired by a mutation that generates a ligand-independent, oncogenic form of Smo (SmoM2). In contrast, a second antagonist of Smo accumulation within the PC, SMANT, was less sensitive to SAG-mediated competition and inhibited SmoM2 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit wild-type Smo. Our observations identify important differences among Hh antagonists and the potential for development of novel therapeutic approaches against mutant forms of Smo that are resistant to current therapeutic strategies.
Highly Sensitive Method for Detecting and Separating Pathogens using Paramagnetic Particles and a Micro-Fluidic System (2013)

Water is one of the most important compounds on Earth. If a water supply is contaminated with a pathogen, it can have devastating results to an individual or a community. This research is directed at constructing an easily reproducible procedure that could increase the sensitivity of detecting and separating bacteria from the current limits of about 100 cells to 10-20 cells per sample with a ultimate goal of a single cell detection. Here, we report a micro-fluidic system to magnetically capture pathogenic bacteria in water followed by rapid impedance detection using Escherichia coli K-12 as a model bacterium. Paramagnetic beads coated with antibodies to target E. coli captured the bacteria under a magnet. By controlling the flow rate of the washing solution (i.e., PBS buffer), the excess unbound free magnetic particles, which were also captured by the magnet, can be removed, allowing for separation of the target cells. This is because each bacterium has multiple magnetic beads (>2 beads per cell), so it is more strongly bound to the magnet as compared to the free magnetic particles. The concentrated cells targeted by magnetic particles could yield a much higher signal of impedance, significantly increasing the detection sensitivity. The significant improvement in the detection sensitivity is mainly attributed to the substantial signal amplification by the magnetic particles. The results demonstrate the excellent potential of our system as a rapid, highly effective and sensitive, and economical way to capture and detect pathogens in diluted water samples.
Research on the Impact of Financial Subsidies on Enterprise R&D Innovation——Based on the Mediation Effect Model (2021)

This paper selects the data of high-tech enterprises on the ChiNext from 2014 to 2016, and comprehensively analyzes the relationship between financial subsidies, tax incentives, RD tax incentives are a negative hindrance to RD RD there is an intermediary effect between financial subsidies and corporate innovation performance, but complete intermediation or partial intermediation has not Can reach agreement.
Mechanics of a Carbon Nanocoil (2003)

An individual carbon nanocoil was clamped between two AFM cantilevers and loaded in tension to a maximum relative elongation of ∼42%. The deformation of the nanocoil agrees well with an analytical model of the spring constant that accounts for the geometric nonlinearity. The nanocoil behaves like an elastic spring with a spring constant K of 0.12 N/m in the low strain region. No plastic deformation was detected. High-resolution microscopy images and the electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) indicate that the nanocoils are amorphous with a sp2/sp3 bonded-carbon ratio of ∼4:1.
A Collision-Free Scheduling Scheme for Sensor Networks Arranged in Linear Topologies and Using Directional Antennas (2008)

Directional antennas have the potential to enhance the performance of wireless networks. However, exploiting their capabilities requires channel access schemes specifically designed for this purpose. Among the numerous applications of sensor networks, roadside and highway monitoring can benefit from the use of directional antennas due to increased communication ranges between the sensor nodes, reduction of interference and resolved collisions that such antenna systems can provide. In this paper we propose a simple scheduling scheme that guarantees collision-free communication between synchronized sensor nodes arranged in a linear topology and discuss the practical considerations in terms of the specific application.
Combining regression models and metaheuristics to optimize space allocation in the retail industry (2015)

Data Mining (DM) researchers often focus on the development and testing of models for a single decision (e.g., direct mailing, churn detection, etc.). In practice, however, multiple decisions have often to be made simultaneously which are not independent and the best global solution is often not th e combination of the best individual solutions. This problem can be addressed by searching for the overall best solution by using optimization methods based on the predictions made by the DM models. We describe one case study were this approach was used to optimize the layout of a retail store in order to maximize predicted sales. A metaheuristic is used to search different hypothesis of space allocations for multiple product categories, guided by the predictions made by regression models that estimate the sales for each category based on the assigned space. We test three metaheuristics and three regression algorithms on this task. Results show that the Particle Swam Optimization method guided by the models obtained with Random Forests and Support Vector Machines models obtain good results. We also provide insights about the relationship between the correctness of the regression models and the metaheuristics performance.
An advanced driver information system concept and its communications considerations (2002)

In late 1988, at the initiative of the US Federal Highway Administration, a team of experts from government, industry, and academia formulated proposals for four discussion-level concepts within the context of intelligent vehicle highway systems. One of these concepts outlines an advanced driver information system (ADIS) as envisioned for the year 2005. The ADIS core and enhanced function, in-vehicle and infrastructure equipment, concept evolution, standards, regulatory issues, and R&D needs as identified are reported. One critical element in developing an integrated ADIS system is the definition of the communication system that exchanges information between the vehicle and the outside world. Further considerations in the selection of such a communication system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite Sample Guarantees for Quantile Estimation: An Application to Detector Threshold Tuning (2022)

In threshold-based anomaly detection, we want to tune the threshold of a detector to achieve an acceptable false alarm rate. However, tuning the threshold is often a non-trivial task due to unknown detector output distributions. A detector threshold that provides an acceptable false alarm rate is equivalent to a specific quantile of the detector output distribution. Therefore, we use quantile estimators based on order statistics to estimate the detector threshold. The estimation of quantiles from sample data has a more than a century-long tradition and we provide three different distribution-free finite sample guarantees for a class of quantile estimators. The first is based on the Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz (DKW) inequality, the second utilizes the Vysochanskij–Petunin inequality, and the third is based on exact confidence intervals for a beta distribution. These guarantees are then compared and used in the detector threshold tuning problem. We use both simulated data as well as data obtained from an experimental setup with the Temperature Control Lab to validate the guarantees provided.
Data processing in multivariable RFID vapor sensors (2011)

Sensors for selective monitoring of gases and volatiles are needed for numerous applications including medical diagnostics, food safety, environmental, industrial, homeland protection, and many others. For these and other applications, we have developed passive radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors for vapor sensing where we apply a sensing film onto the resonant antenna of the RFID sensor, simultaneously measure several parameters of antenna impedance, and process these parameters using multivariate analysis tools. In this work, we critically analyze techniques of processing the impedance response of individual sensors coated with different sensing materials and the ability of these techniques to increase selectivity of developed sensors upon exposure to model vapors. Four types of investigated data processing techniques are based on unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition algorithms. Two evaluation criteria for these techniques involved their ability (1) to correctly identify types of vapors and (2) to provide the smallest error of prediction of concentrations of vapors.
Las Concepciones de los futuros profesores sobre la funcióndocente (1993)

During a recent 12-month period, serum iron levels, total iron binding capacities (TIBC), and latent iron binding capacities (LIBC) were studied preoperatively and 72 hrs postoperatively in 33 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed acute appendicitis. Preoperative serum iron levels were significantly reduced in these patients (mean serum iron 32 micrograms/dl; P less than .0001) compared to established normal values (mean 100 micrograms/dl). LICBs were correspondingly elevated whereas TIBCs and mean hemoglobin values remained within the normal range. The reduced availability of serum iron in response to an acute infectious challenge such as appendicitis supports earlier experimental studies by others which suggest that nutritional immunity participates in host resistance to infection. In this study, the degree of serum iron suppression was directly related to the severity of disease (P less than .01).
A Robust and Efficient Mechanism to Distribute Certificate Revocation Information Using the Grid Monitoring Architecture (2007)

Checking revocation information is necessary to prevent from using digital certificates whose contents become invalid. In current system either periodical retrieval of Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) or the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) are the most common mechanisms to access revocation information issued by the certification authorities. As both these approaches pose problems we propose a new method based on a Push model, which is based on the Grid Monitoring Architecture. Using this approach we guarantee the revocation information is distributed in a robust and timely manner. We also describe a pilot implementation of the service based on the proposed design.
Terahertz and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gated Large-Area Graphene (2012)

We have fabricated a centimeter-size single-layer graphene device with a gate electrode, which can modulate the transmission of terahertz and infrared waves. Using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in a wide frequency range (10-10 000 cm(-1)), we measured the dynamic conductivity change induced by electrical gating and thermal annealing. Both methods were able to effectively tune the Fermi energy, E(F), which in turn modified the Drude-like intraband absorption in the terahertz as well as the "2E(F) onset" for interband absorption in the mid-infrared. These results not only provide fundamental insight into the electromagnetic response of Dirac fermions in graphene but also demonstrate the key functionalities of large-area graphene devices that are desired for components in terahertz and infrared optoelectronics.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Biglycan Gene (1996)

The small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan is involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes through the ability of its core protein to interact with other extracellular matrix molecules and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). To learn more about the regulation of biglycan core protein expression, we have cloned and sequenced 1218 base pairs from the 5'-flanking region of the human biglycan gene, demonstrated functional promoter activity, and investigated the molecular mechanisms through which various agents modulate its transcriptional activity. Sequencing revealed the presence of several cis-acting elements including multiple AP-2 sites and interleukin-6 response elements, a NF-kappaB site, a TGF-beta negative element, and an E-box. The TATA and CAAT box-lacking promoter possesses many features of a growth-related gene, e.g. a GC-rich immediate 5' region, many Sp1 sites, and the use of multiple transcriptional start sites. Transient transfections of the tumor cell lines MG-63, SK-UT-1, and T47D with various biglycan 5'-flanking region-luciferase reporter gene constructs showed that the proximal 78 base pairs are sufficient for full promoter activity. Several agents among them interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. were capable of altering biglycan promoter activity. However, in MG-63 cells, TGF-beta1 failed to increase either activity of the biglycan promoter constructs or specific transcription from the endogenous biglycan gene. Since TGF-beta1 also did not alter the stability of cytoplasmic biglycan mRNA as determined from Northern analysis after inhibition of transcription with 5,6-dichloro-1beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, an as yet unidentified nuclear post-transcriptional mechanism was considered responsible for the TGF-beta effect in this cell type. These results might help to elucidate the molecular pathways leading to pathological alterations of biglycan expression observed in atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, and fibrosis.
Table of Contents (2016)

Welcome to Annals of Global Health,Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 3.64.Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. Authors of articles accepted for publication in Annals of Global Health will be asked to pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover publication costs. This charge can normally be sourced from your funder or institution. We are committed to supporting authors from all countries to publish their work in Annals of Global Health regardless of national income level, and to achieve this goal, we waive the Article Publication Charge for manuscripts where all authors are from low-income or lower-middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included “Strengthening Women’s Leadership in Global Health”, “Decolonizing Global Health Education”, and “Capacity Building for Global Health Leadership Training”. Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.