gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) (2012)

This work reports a preliminary study of a fully implantable biomimetic accommodative intraocular lens (IOL) structured as a MEMS-valved endocapsular balloon. The biomimetic accommodative IOL is modeled after the geometry of a 29-year-old human lens and fabricated using only biocompatible materials. Successful accommodation, or focusing ability of the lens, is demonstrated in an objective benchtop test bed with enucleated porcine eyes. After surgical implantation of the lens, the focusing muscles of the eye are stretched in a manner consistent with prior work to demonstrate a change in focal power as the muscle is stretched in a manner similar to the natural lens. This work also includes detailed surgical procedures for the insertion and inflation of the lens.
Cardiosphere-Derived Cells Reverse Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Rats by Decreasing Fibrosis and Inflammation (2016)

CDCs normalized LV relaxation and LV diastolic pressure while improving survival in a rat model of HFpEF. The benefits of CDCs occurred despite persistent hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. By selectively reversing inflammation and fibrosis, CDCs may be beneficial in the treatment of HFpEF.
Bone-Inducing Activity of Mature BMP-2b Produced from a Hybrid BMP-2a/2b Precursor (1991)

The human osteoinductive proteins BMP-2a and BMP-2b have been cloned and expressed in mammalian cells. In order to improve expression levels we examined the role of the proregion in assembly and export. Use of the BMP-2a proregion combined with the mature region of BMP-2b leads to dramatically improved expression of mature BMP-2b. Mature BMP-2b has been purified to near homogeneity from the BMP-2a/2b hybrid, and its structural properties and biological activity determined. Recombinant mature BMP-2b homodimer elicits bone formation in vivo.
Progress toward a Universal H5N1 Vaccine: A Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Expressing Trivalent Hemagglutinin Vaccine (2014)

The present findings revealed that incorporation of carefully selected HA genes from divergent H5N1 strains within a single vector could be an effective approach in developing a vaccine with broad coverage to prevent infection during a pandemic situation.
Novel Biochemical Diagnostic Method for Aortic Dissection (1996)

Background Aortic dissection is one of the most common aortic catastrophes. Although newer diagnostic methods as exemplified by image diagnostic techniques have greatly improved the diagnosis of aortic dissection, the diagnosis is still frequently missed today because the signs and symptoms of the disease are at times obscure. A reliable biochemical diagnostic method for aortic dissection would be beneficial. Methods and Results A novel biochemical diagnostic method for diagnosis of aortic dissection was developed that uses an immunoassay of monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. A prospective study was conducted to ascertain the usefulness of the method in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. Twenty-seven patients with aortic dissection admitted within the first 24 hours after onset were enrolled. Serial assay of serum smooth muscle myosin heavy chain showed significant elevations within the first 24 hours after onset of aortic dissection, with levels exceeding 10 ng/mL, with subsequent rapid reductions. The sensitivity of the assay within the first 12 hours was 90%, with a specificity of 97%. Analysis of 65 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed that the method could accurately differentiate myocardial infarction from aortic dissection. Conclusions The immunoassay of serum smooth muscle myosin heavy chain is a rapid and reliable biochemical method in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. The potential use of the method in clinical medicine is promising.
Correction of the<i>Crb1<sup>rd8</sup></i>Allele and Retinal Phenotype in C57BL/6N Mice Via TALEN-Mediated Homology-Directed Repair (2013)

The C57BL/6NJ-Crb1(rd8) mutation and its associated retinal phenotypes were corrected efficiently by TALEN-mediated homology-directed repair. The C57BL/6NJ-Crb1(em1Mvw) mice generated by this strategy will enhance ocular phenotyping efforts based on the C57BL/6N background, such as those implemented by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) project.
Surface antigens of malaria merozoites. A high molecular weight precursor is processed to an 83,000 mol wt form expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. (1983)

A technique was developed for obtaining high yields of naturally released Plasmodium falciparum merozoites from synchronous cultures of parasitized erythrocytes. The cultured erythrocytes were treated with trypsin to prevent reinvasion (6), and the released merozoites that accumulated extracellularly were harvested by differential centrifugation. The total biosynthetically labeled proteins of schizonts and merozoites, and those immunoprecipitated by human immune serum were analyzed and compared. The surface antigens of free merozoites, labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, were also described. A monoclonal antibody, specific for a 195,000 mol wt schizont protein, and processing fragments derived from it (3) were used in immunoprecipitation and Western transfer analyses to determine which of the processing fragments are associated with merozoites and which of them are located on the merozoite surface. It was found that processing of the 195,000 mol wt precursor down to an 83,000 mol wt fragment is complete in free merozoites, and that this fragment is expressed as one of the major surface antigens of P. falciparum merozoites.
Sonification of knee-joint vibration signals (2002)

Sounds generated due to rubbing of knee-joint surfaces may be a potential tool for noninvasively assessing articular cartilage degeneration. In this paper, an attempt is made to perform computer-assisted auscultation of knee joints by auditory display (AD) of the vibration signals (also known as vibroarthrographic or VAG signals) emitted during active movement of the leg. The AD technique is based on a sonification algorithm, in which the instantaneous mean frequency and envelope of the VAG signals were used in improving the potential diagnostic quality of VAG signals. Auditory classification experiments were performed by two orthopedic surgeons with a database of 37 VAG signals that includes 19 normal and 18 abnormal cases. Sensitivities of 31% and 83% were obtained with direct playback and the sonification method, respectively.
Ultrasound transducer positioning aid for fetal heart rate monitoring (2016)

Fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring is usually performed by Doppler ultrasound (US) techniques. For reliable fHR measurements it is required that the fetal heart is located within the US beam. In clinical practice, clinicians palpate the maternal abdomen to identify the fetal presentation and then the US transducer is fixated on the maternal abdomen where the best fHR signal can be obtained. Finding the optimal transducer position is done by listening to the strength of the Doppler audio output and relying on a signal quality indicator of the cardiotocographic (CTG) measurement system. Due to displacement of the US transducer or displacement of the fetal heart out of the US beam, the fHR signal may be lost. Therefore, it is often necessary that the obstetrician repeats the tedious procedure of US transducer positioning to avoid long periods of fHR signal loss. An intuitive US transducer positioning aid would be highly desirable to increase the work flow for the clinical staff. In this paper, the possibility to determine the fetal heart location with respect to the transducer by exploiting the received signal power in the transducer elements is shown. A commercially available US transducer used for fHR monitoring is connected to an US open platform, which allows individual driving of the elements and raw US data acquisition. Based on the power of the received Doppler signals in the transducer elements, the fetal heart location can be estimated. A beating fetal heart setup was designed and realized for validation. The experimental results show the feasibility of estimating the fetal heart location with the proposed method. This can be used to support clinicians in finding the optimal transducer position for fHR monitoring more easily.
A flexible microelectrode for mouse EEG (2009)

Electroencephalography (EEG) of the mouse brain offers the advantage to monitor brain states in freely moving conditions under genetic or molecular manipulation. We present a novel, flexible, and biocompatible microfabricated electrode based on polyimide to record a multi-channel EEG from a mouse. Our microelectrode has 32 recording electrodes, including two ground electrodes. The connectors for the signal transmission are carefully affixed to the microelectrode. The overall weight of the microelectrode does not exceed 150 mg, including connectors. The implantation of the microelectrodes does not require invasive surgery and the mouse can be easily discharged from the wires when it is not being recorded. Simultaneous measurements with the microelectrode and a conventional screw electrode show that the microelectrode successfully collects the broad band EEG signals from the skull.
Bicarbonate Elution of Uranium from Amidoxime‐Based Polymer Adsorbents for Sequestering Uranium from Seawater (2017)

Abstract Uranium adsorbed on amidoxime‐based polyethylene fibers in simulated seawater can be quantitatively eluted using 3 M KHCO 3 at 40 °C. Thermodynamic calculations are in agreement with the experimental observation that at high bicarbonate concentrations (3 M) uranyl ions bound to amidoxime molecules are converted to uranyl tris‐carbonato complex in the aqueous solution. The elution process is basically the reverse reaction of the uranium adsorption process which occurs at a very low bicarbonate concentration (∼10 −3 M) in seawater. In real seawater experiments, the bicarbonate elution is followed by a NaOH treatment to remove natural organic matter adsorbed on the polymer adsorbent. Using the sequential bicarbonate and NaOH elution, the adsorbent is reusable after rinsing with deionized water and the recycled adsorbent shows no loss of uranium loading capacity based on real seawater experiments.
Computation of Aggregate Interference from Multiple Secondary Transmitters (2011)

We describe how to compute the secondary system's generated aggregate interference in a shadow fading environment. We express the interference as an integral over secondary system's service area. For numerical computation of this integral we quantize its polar coordinate representation. We outline how the proposed numerical method can be used to compute the interference generated from a cellular network. For making this connection we parameterized the model by the cell size and the frequency reuse distance of the cellular secondary system.
Energy- and endurance-aware design of phase change memory caches (2010)

Phase change memory (PCM) is one of the most promising technology among emerging non-volatile random access memory technologies. Implementing a cache memory using PCM provides many benefits such as high density, non-volatility, low leakage power, and high immunity to soft error. However, its disadvantages such as high write latency, high write energy, and limited write endurance prevent it from being used as a drop-in replacement of an SRAM cache. In this paper, we study a set of techniques to design an energy- and endurance-aware PCM cache. We also modeled the timing, energy, endurance, and area of PCM caches and integrated them into a PCM cache simulator to evaluate the techniques. Experiments show that our PCM cache design can achieve 8% of energy saving and 3.8 years of lifetime compared with a baseline PCM cache having less than a hour of lifetime.
Can β‐cells be derived from exocrine pancreas? (2008)

A major goal of research aiming at improving islet cell replacement therapy is to find the most suitable progenitor cell type from which functional beta-cells can be generated in large numbers. Many possibilities have been raised, including beta-cells themselves, embryonic or adult stem cells and reprogramming of other cell types. Some of these progenitor types may be active or reside in a dormant state in adults in vivo, while others can be rather considered to be products of tissue engineering in vitro. Starting from the available pancreas organs from cadaveric donors, an attractive possibility is to reprogram acinar exocrine cells into beta-cells. Indeed, acinar cells isolated from adult rats display a pronounced plasticity in culture. After an initial step of dedifferentiation, they can be redirected to the beta-cell phenotype by adding agonists of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway to the medium (epidermal growth factor and leukaemia inhibitory factor). The acinar cells that undergo exocrine-to-endocrine transdifferentiation first need to re-express neurogenin-3 and then need to escape inhibition by Notch signalling. The insulin-expressing cells that are generated in this way are glucose-regulated and can normalize glycaemia after transplantation into diabetic immunocompromised mice. It will now be important to translate these findings to human cells.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Hyperpolarization of Gases (2020)

Imaging of gases is a major challenge for any modality including MRI. NMR and MRI signals are directly proportional to the nuclear spin density and the degree of alignment of nuclear spins with applied static magnetic field, which is called nuclear spin polarization. The level of nuclear spin polarization is typically very low, i.e., one hundred thousandth of the potential maximum at 1.5 T and a physiologically relevant temperature. As a result, MRI typically focusses on imaging highly concentrated tissue water. Hyperpolarization methods transiently increase nuclear spin polarizations up to unity, yielding corresponding gains in MRI signal level of several orders of magnitude that enable the 3D imaging of dilute biomolecules including gases. Parahydrogen-induced polarization is a fast, highly scalable, and low-cost hyperpolarization technique. The focus of this Minireview is to highlight selected advances in the field of parahydrogen-induced polarization for the production of hyperpolarized compounds, which can be potentially employed as inhalable contrast agents.
Leg pairs as virtual wheels (2005)

We propose the use of virtual wheels as the starting point of a new vehicle design. Each virtual wheel incorporates a pair of simple legs that, by simulating the rotary motion and ground contact of a traditional wheel, combine many of the benefits of legged and wheeled motion. We describe the use of virtual wheels in the design of a robotic mule, presenting an analysis of the mule's mobility the results of our efforts to model and build such a device.
Narrowband, high power VUV lamps (hv = 7.2 eV) comprising large arrays of microcavity plasmas (2016)

Flat lamps generating more than 20 W of average power in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV; λ ≃ 172 nm) with an efficiency above 10% have been realized, and are now being manufactured. These narrowband (Δλ <; 10 nm) lamps produce > 500 W of peak power in ~100 ns FWHM pulses at a repetition frequency up to 135 kHz.
Progress in the realisation of frequency agile filters using nanoscopic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2001)

Nano-phase polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials provide a way forward for the realisation of electro-optically tunable filters for use in the visible and near-infrared. Devices can be produced with little or no hysteresis effects.
Acoustic Classification with Single-Beam Echosounders: Processing Methods and Theory for Isolating Effects of the Seabed on Echoes (2007)

Analyzing the details of echoes from single-beam sounders is well established as a basis for seabed classification. Both echo shape and amplitude are analyzed to make maps of seabed sediment classes. For accurate acoustic classification of the seabed, the echoes should be influenced only by properties of the seabed. This paper surveys methods to remove artifacts caused by water depth, system parameters and seabed slope, while discussing processing methods for seabed classification. High-speed data acquisition and depth and slope compensation is discussed. Field data and BORIS simulations are presented. Potential seabed classification or characterisation processes include: frequency shifts, relative strengths and shape of the coherent echo, and residual echo durations. For seabeds with any significant roughness, the echo is not at the same frequency as the transmission. These frequency shifts may be valuable for characterisation. Classification by segmentation requires depth, slope and system independent digital versions of the echo envelopes. Because echo power can be distributed anywhere within the pulse bandwidth, the best acquisition method is to sample fast enough to capture the carrier, filter, and form envelopes with the Hilbert transform. This allows direct estimation of the coherent echo by full wave-form stacking. The coherent echo has great potential for seabed characterization.
Evaluation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Purified Proteins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae as Antigens in a Dot-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1990)

Selected immunogenic proteins of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strain R and M. synoviae (MS) isolate F10-2AS were purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Purified MG proteins of 65 to 63 (p64) kilodaltons (kDa), and 26 and 24 (p26/24) kDa, and purified MS proteins of 53 (p53) kDa, 41 (p41) kDa, and 22 (p22) kDa were evaluated as potential antigens for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chicken antisera to MG, MS, or oil-emulsion vaccines were used to evaluate these purified proteins as antigens in a dot-ELISA. MG antigen p64 detected antibodies 3 days after the serum plate agglutination (SPA) test and 7 days before the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Antigen p64 detected antibodies to 12 MG isolates, and in sera from field outbreaks of MG. No cross-reactions with MS-positive antisera were seen with antigen p64. MG antigen p26/24 did not perform as well as p64. MS antigen p41 detected antibodies 5 days after the SPA test and at least 11 days before the HI test, and in sera from field outbreaks of MS. However, some MG-positive antisera reacted with p41. MS antigens p53 and p22 did not perform well.
Miniaturization of a Chest Compressor for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2008)

A miniaturized chest compressor (MCC®) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was designed to serve as a compact portable device to overcome limitations of manual chest compression and of currently marketed mechanical devices. We sought to especially address constraints of size and weight of current devices, together with the need for ease of application and consistent compressions with appropriate force and depth. We further intended that the device allows for ease of evacuation and transport through small spaces. These objectives are responsive to the increasingly recognized requirements for uninterrupted chest compression including that which results from operator fatigue during manual compressions. Utilizing a garment applied to the torso, the device incorporated a telescopic piston for chest compression. The compressor was pneumatically powered so as to avoid the added weight and potential electrical adversity of power delivered by batteries. Pneumatic power was supplied by the same compressed air or oxygen tank, which is routinely carried by professional emergency medical rescuers. The MCC® was tested on a porcine model during cardiac arrest and resuscitation with comparisons to the current industry standard, the Michigan Thumper®. Arterial, carotid, and coronary perfusion pressures, together with end-tidal carbon dioxide as a surrogate for cardiac output, were measured. The MCC® threshold levels of pressure, flow, and end-tidal PCO2 are achieved, which were predictive of successful defibrillation with restoration of spontaneous circulation. We conclude that the MCC® is as effective as that of the established industry standard, the Michigan Thumper®, with the potential advantage of portability and facile application, especially for out-of-hospital resuscitation.
Nonlinear rock physics model for estimation of 3D subsurface stress in anisotropic formations: Theory and laboratory verification (2004)

Abstract We develop a rock physics model based on nonlinear elasticity that describes the dependence of the effective stiffness tensor as a function of a 3D stress field in intrinsically anisotropic formations. This model predicts the seismic velocity of both P-and S-waves in any direction for an arbitrary 3D stress state. Therefore, the model overcomes the limitations of existing empirical velocity-stress models that link P-wave velocity in isotropic rocks to uniaxial or hydrostatic stress. To validate this model, we analyze ultrasonic velocity measurements on stressed anisotropic samples of shale and sandstone. With only three nonlinear constants, we are able to predict the stress dependence of all five elastic medium parameters comprising the transversely isotropic stiffness tensor. We also show that the horizontal stress affects vertical S-wave velocity with the same order of magnitude as vertical stress does. We develop a weak-anisotropy approximation that directly links commonly measured anisotropic Thomsen parameters to the principal stresses. Each Thomsen parameter is simply a sum of corresponding background intrinsic anisotropy and stress-induced contribution. The stress-induced part is controlled by the difference between horizontal and vertical stresses and coefficients depending on nonlinear constants. Thus, isotropic rock stays isotropic under varying but hydrostatic load, whereas transversely isotropic rock retains the same values of dimensionless Thomsen parameters. Only unequal horizontal and vertical stresses alter anisotropy. Since Thomsen parameters conveniently describe seismic signatures, such as normal-moveout velocities and amplitude-variation-with-offset gradients, this approximation is suitable for designing new methods for the estimation of 3D subsurface stress from multicomponent seismic data.
Heading and attitude determination system with low-cost IMU embedded inside one of multiple antennas (2018)

An integrated system for determining the position, velocity and 3D attitude of the vehicle is described. This system consists of the two-antenna GNSS receiver and a low-cost IMU embedded directly into one of the antennas. The GNSS component of this system allows to determine only two attitude angles of three Euler angles. These two angles are calculated from carrier phases of GNSS signals simultaneously received by both antennas in a common time scale. Inertial measurements are transmitted directly to the receiver from the IMU located inside one of antennas near its phase center. The RF cable is used to transfer these IMU data in conjunction with the GNSS signal received by this antenna. Measurements from the IMU are combined within the receiver with GNSS measurements of position, velocity and partial attitude. Operation principles of individual components of this integrated system are described. The results of experiments with this system, carried out on various types of vehicles and under various environment conditions are presented.
Rehydratable Polyacrylamide Gels for Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Abstract A novel separation medium of rehydratable polyacrylamide is described for capillary gel electrophoresis. The dried linear polyacrylamide capable of rehydration to form an aqueous polymeric system which can be filled into a narrow bore capillary column and act as separation matrix. Rehydratable gels provide high resolution and reproducible capillary electrophoresis separations of biopolymers with very long shelf life. This paper relates to separation sieving mediums involving rehydratable gel compositions and methods for using reconstituted linear polyacrylamide solutions as separation mediums in capillary gel electrophoresis of double stranded DNA molecules.