gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD40-targeted S1 subunit vaccine protects against MERS-CoV and S1-associated pulmonary immunopathology in transgenic human DPP4 mouse model (2019)

Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that emerged in 2012. While infection control measures have played a major role in limiting human/camel-to-human transmissions, development of safe and effective human or camel vaccines is warranted. Here, we extended and optimized our previous rAd5-based vaccine platform characterized by in vivo amplified and CD40-mediated specific responses to generate MERS-CoV S1 subunit-based vaccine. We generated rAd5 constructs expressing CD40-targeted S1 fusion protein (rAd5-S1/F/CD40L), untargeted S1 (rAd5-S1), and GFP (rAd5-GFP), and evaluated their efficacy and safety in human DPP4 transgenic (hDPP4 Tg+) mice. Immunization of hDPP4 Tg+ mice showed that a single dose of rAd5-S1/F/CD40L elicited robust and significant specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses as those induced in mice immunized with two-doses of rAd5-S1. After MERS-CoV challenge, both vaccines conferred complete protection against morbidity and mortality, as evidenced by significantly undetectable/reduced pulmonary viral loads as compared to control group. However, rAd5-S1 but not rAd5- S1/F/CD40L immunized mice exhibited marked pulmonary perivascular hemorrhage post MERS-CoV challenge despite the observed protection. Collectively, these data indicate that incorporating CD40L into this Ad5-based MERS-CoV S1 subunit vaccine as targeting molecule and molecular adjuvant can not only enhance immunogenicity and efficacy but also prevents induction of inadvertent pulmonary pathology in immunized and challenged mice, thereby offering a promising strategy to enhance the safety and potency of antigen-specific immune responses.
Engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> capable of simultaneous cellobiose and xylose fermentation (2010)

The use of plant biomass for biofuel production will require efficient utilization of the sugars in lignocellulose, primarily glucose and xylose. However, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae presently used in bioethanol production ferment glucose but not xylose. Yeasts engineered to ferment xylose do so slowly, and cannot utilize xylose until glucose is completely consumed. To overcome these bottlenecks, we engineered yeasts to coferment mixtures of xylose and cellobiose. In these yeast strains, hydrolysis of cellobiose takes place inside yeast cells through the action of an intracellular β-glucosidase following import by a high-affinity cellodextrin transporter. Intracellular hydrolysis of cellobiose minimizes glucose repression of xylose fermentation allowing coconsumption of cellobiose and xylose. The resulting yeast strains, cofermented cellobiose and xylose simultaneously and exhibited improved ethanol yield when compared to fermentation with either cellobiose or xylose as sole carbon sources. We also observed improved yields and productivities from cofermentation experiments performed with simulated cellulosic hydrolyzates, suggesting this is a promising cofermentation strategy for cellulosic biofuel production. The successful integration of cellobiose and xylose fermentation pathways in yeast is a critical step towards enabling economic biofuel production.
Fast All-Digital Clock Frequency Adaptation Circuit for Voltage Droop Tolerance (2021)

In classical synchronous designs, supply voltage droops can be handled by accounting for them in clock margins. However, this results in a significant performance hit even if droops are rare. In contrast, adaptive strategies detect such potentially hazardous events and either initiate a rollback to a previous state or proactively reduce clock speed in order to prevent timing violations. The performance of such solutions critically depends on a very fast response to droops. State-of-the-art solutions incur synchronization delays in the order of several clock cycles to avoid, with sufficient probability, that the clock signal is affected by metastability. We present an all-digital circuit that can respond to droops within a fraction of a clock cycle. This is achieved by using potentially metastable measurement values to delay clock signals <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">while</i> they undergo synchronization, instead of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">after</i> they are synchronized. The challenge is to ensure that this strategy does not lead to harmful glitches or metastable upsets within the circuit. To this end, we verify our solution by formally proving correctness. We complement our findings by simulations of a 65-nm ASIC design confirming the results of our analysis.
Stereoscopic image rendering based on depth maps created from blur and edge information (2005)

Depth image based rendering (DIBR) is suited for 3D-TV and for autostereoscopic multiview displays. With DIBR, each 2D image captured with a camera at a given position has an associated depth map. This map is used to process the original 2D image so as to generate new images as if they were taken from different camera viewpoints. In the present study we examined the depth and image quality of stereoscopic 3D images that were generated using surrogate depth maps, that is, maps that were created using blur and edge information from the original 2D images. Depth maps were created with three different methods. Formal subjective assessments indicated that the stereoscopic images thus created have enhanced depth quality, with a marginal loss in image quality, when compared to the original non-stereoscopic images. This finding of enhanced depth is surprising because the surrogate depth maps contained limited depth information and mainly at object boundaries. We speculate that the visual system combines the information from pictorial depth cues and from depth interpolation between object boundaries and edges to arrive at an overall perception of depth. The methods for creating the depth maps for stereoscopic imaging that were investigated in this study might be used in applications where depth accuracy is not critical.
Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for neuroprotection in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (2014)

Severe intraventricular hemorrhaging (IVH) in premature infants and subsequent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) causes significant mortality and life-long neurological complications, including seizures, cerebral palsy, and developmental retardation. However, there are currently no effective therapies for neonatal IVH. The pathogenesis of PHH has been mainly explained by inflammation within the subarachnoid spaces due to the hemolysis of extravasated blood after IVH. Obliterative arachnoiditis, induced by inflammatory responses, impairs cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resorption and subsequently leads to the development of PHH with ensuing brain damage. Increasing evidence has demonstrated potent immunomodulating abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in various brain injury models. Recent reports of MSC transplantation in an IVH model of newborn rats demonstrated that intraventricular transplantation of MSCs downregulated the inflammatory cytokines in CSF and attenuated progressive PHH. In addition, MSC transplantation mitigated the brain damages that ensue after IVH and PHH, including reactive gliosis, cell death, delayed myelination, and impaired behavioral functions. These findings suggest that MSCs are promising therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in preterm infants with severe IVH.
Targeted elimination of cells expressing the high‐affinity receptor for IgE (FcϵRI) by a <i>Pseudomonas</i> exotoxin‐based chimeric protein (1997)

The interaction between IgE and its high-affinity receptor Fc epsilon RI found on mast cells and basophils is the primary effector pathway in allergic response. To achieve a targeted elimination of cells expressing Fc epsilon RI receptors, we constructed a chimeric protein in which a Fc fragment of mouse IgE is attached to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). To prepare the targeting moiety, we used a DNA sequence corresponding to amino acids 301-437, representing 30 residues of domain 2 and domain 3 of the mouse IgE constant region. This sequence was fused at the 5' of a cDNA encoding PE40, a truncated form of PE lacking the cell binding domain. The chimeric protein, termed Fc(2'-3)-PE40, was expressed in Escherichia coli and partially purified. The protein is highly cytotoxic to mouse mast cell lines and bone marrow-derived primary mast cells. This cytotoxicity is specific, as it could be blocked upon addition of whole IgE. Moreover, the protein had no effect on other cell lines of hemopoietic origin. The Fc(2'-3)-PE40 chimeric protein offers a new approach to the treatment of allergic disorders.
A 0.13 μm 6 GHz 256×32b leakage-tolerant register file (2002)

This paper describes a 256/spl times/32b 4-read, 4-write ported register file for 6 GHz operation in 1.2 V, 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. The local bitline uses a pseudo-static leakage tolerant scheme to achieve 8% faster read performance and 36% higher DC noise robustness (with 6/spl times/ active leakage reduction) compared to dual-Vt scheme optimized for high-performance.
MAP tailbiting decoders (2002)

The output of a MAP decoder is the probability of various data symbols and encoder states, rather than the symbol or state itself. The input is the channel observations and the a priori data distribution. For trellis decoding and Markov data, the MAP decoder becomes the BCJR algorithm. The algorithm as given by Bahl et al. (1974) requires that the starting and ending states of the trellis be known, or at least assigned a priori probabilities. With a tailbiting encoder, these quantities cannot be known. The tailbiting technique, in which the starting state of the encoder is set equal to its eventual ending state, improves the decoder error probability when the code word length is short, without the rate reduction that occurs with encoder termination bits. Until now, the BCJR algorithm and tailbiting have not been compatible techniques. This has meant that methods such as turbo decoding and Hagenauer's (see IEEE Trans. Communications, vol.COM-43, p.2449-57, 1995) source-controlled decoding could not be combined with tailbiting encoders.
Mass detection using tolerance intervals and a rank detector [mammography application] (2003)

An adaptive, multiscale method for mass detection using a circular ring template and a nonparametric test is presented. Training data corresponding to the local background intensity level is extracted from the outer ring of the template. Test data for mass detection is obtained from the inner disk. The statistical nature of the background, specifically the tail structure of the unknown distribution, is estimated via tolerance intervals. Mass detection is based on the fraction of test data within the tail. Empirical Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves show a Sensitivity of 1 and a False Positive Rate of 1.40 per image on 30 images.
Inference of message sequence charts (2003)

Software designers draw message sequence charts for early modeling of the individual behaviors they expect from the concurrent system under design. Can they be sure that precisely the behaviors they have described are realizable by some implementation of the components of the concurrent system? If so, can we automatically synthesize concurrent state machines realizing the given MSCs? If, on the other hand, other unspecified and possibly unwanted scenarios are "implied" by their MSCs, can the software designer be automatically warned and provided the implied MSCs? In this paper, we provide a framework in which all these questions are answered positively. We first describe the formal framework within which one can derive implied MSCs and then provide polynomial-time algorithms for implication, realizability, and synthesis.
A Novel Two Mode-Acting Inhibitor of ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Transport and Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy (2009)

Unlike any previously known ABCG2 transporter inhibitors, PZ-39 has a novel two-mode action by inhibiting ABCG2 activity, an acute effect, and by accelerating lysosome-dependent degradation, a chronic effect. PZ-39 is potentially a valuable probe for structure-function studies of ABCG2 and a lead compound for developing therapeutics targeting ABCG2-mediated MDR in combinational cancer chemotherapy.
Learning to personalize trending image search suggestion (2014)

Trending search suggestion is leading a new paradigm of image search, where user's exploratory search experience is facilitated with the automatic suggestion of trending queries. Existing image search engines, however, only provide general suggestions and hence cannot capture user's personal interest. In this paper, we move one step forward to investigate personalized suggestion of trending image searches according to users' search behaviors. To this end, we propose a learning-based framework including two novel components. The first component, i.e., trending-aware weight-regularized matrix factorization (TA-WRMF), is able to suggest personalized trending search queries by learning user preference from many users as well as auxiliary common searches. The second component associates the most representative and trending image with each suggested query. The personalized suggestion of image search consists of a trending textual query and its associated trending image. The combined textual-visual queries not only are trending (bursty) and personalized to user's search preference, but also provide the compelling visual aspect of these queries. We evaluate our proposed learning-based framework on a large-scale search logs with 21 million users and 41 million queries in two weeks from a commercial image search engine. The evaluations demonstrate that our system achieve about 50% gain compared with state-of-the-art in terms of query prediction accuracy.
Certain Site-Directed, Nonenzymatically Active Mutants of the <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> P4 Lipoprotein Are Able To Elicit Bactericidal Antibodies (2005)

The Haemophilus influenzae P4 lipoprotein (hel) is a potential component of a nontypeable H. influenzae otitis media vaccine. Since P4 is known to be an enzyme, nonenzymatically active forms of recombinant P4 are required. After site-directed mutagenesis of the hel gene, three of the mutated proteins were shown to be vaccine candidates.
The Wayfarer modular navigation payload for intelligent robot infrastructure (2005)

We are currently developing autonomous urban navigation capabilities for the iRobot PackBot. The TARDEC-funded Wayfarer Project is developing a modular navigation payload that incorporates LIDAR, vision, FLIR, and inertial navigation sensors. This payload can be attached to any PackBot and will provide the robot with the capability to perform fully-autonomous urban reconnaissance missions. These capabilities will enable the PackBot Wayfarer to scout unknown territory and return maps along with video and FLIR image sequences. The Wayfarer navigation payload includes software components for obstacle avoidance, perimeter and street following, and map-building. The obstacle avoidance system enables the PackBot to avoid collisions with a wide range of obstacles in both outdoor and indoor environments. This system combines 360-degree planar LIDAR range data with 3D obstacle detection using stereo vision using a Scaled Vector Field Histogram algorithm. We use a real-time Hough transform to detect linear features in the range data that correspond to building walls and street orientations. We use the LIDAR range data to build an occupancy grid map of the robot's surroundings in real-time. Data from the range sensors, obstacle avoidance, and the Hough transform are transmitted via UDP over wireless Ethernet to an OpenGL-based OCU that displays this information graphically and in real-time.
Castor Epoxy Fatty Acid Alkyl Ester Estolides as Bioplasticizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (2020)

Abstract Epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolides were synthesized from castor oil to be used as biobased plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a safer replacement for phthalate plasticizers. Initially, castor oil was transesterified with methanol or n ‐butanol to quantitatively yield castor fatty acid alkyl esters. Acetylation of hydroxyl function with acetic anhydride led to the formation of estolide. The unsaturation was epoxidized, resulting in a bifunctional epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolide. The bioplasticizers were compounded with PVC and were evaluated for their functionality and compared with commercial phthalate plasticizer diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and nonphthalate 1,2‐cyclohexanoic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH). The bioplasticizers showed excellent gelation, efficiency, and compatibility, as well as plastisol viscosity and thermal properties, comparable to or better than the plastisols prepared with commercial controls DINP and DINCH. The volatility of the methyl ester was inferior to the butyl ester. Both compounds showed low water resistance properties. Further evaluation of the butyl ester under tropical conditions of high temperature and humidity confirmed limited compatibility. This indicates that the castor epoxy fatty acid ester estolides would be better suited for applications that do not come in contact with water for prolonged periods, such as flooring, artificial leather, wiring, or wall coverings.
Tensor estimation for double‐pulsed diffusional kurtosis imaging (2017)

Double-pulsed diffusional kurtosis imaging (DP-DKI) represents the double diffusion encoding (DDE) MRI signal in terms of six-dimensional (6D) diffusion and kurtosis tensors. Here a method for estimating these tensors from experimental data is described. A standard numerical algorithm for tensor estimation from conventional (i.e. single diffusion encoding) diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) data is generalized to DP-DKI. This algorithm is based on a weighted least squares (WLS) fit of the signal model to the data combined with constraints designed to minimize unphysical parameter estimates. The numerical algorithm then takes the form of a quadratic programming problem. The principal change required to adapt the conventional DKI fitting algorithm to DP-DKI is replacing the three-dimensional diffusion and kurtosis tensors with the 6D tensors needed for DP-DKI. In this way, the 6D diffusion and kurtosis tensors for DP-DKI can be conveniently estimated from DDE data by using constrained WLS, providing a practical means for condensing DDE measurements into well-defined mathematical constructs that may be useful for interpreting and applying DDE MRI. Data from healthy volunteers for brain are used to demonstrate the DP-DKI tensor estimation algorithm. In particular, representative parametric maps of selected tensor-derived rotational invariants are presented.
The Use of Fluorinated Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Improved Safety in Human-Rated Aerospace and Terrestrial Applications (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Self-calibrating continuous-time equalization with multiple degrees of freedom (2011)

A method for designing self-calibrating continuous-time equalizers is proposed. A pair of error terms, derived from the channel pulse response, may be used to adaptively calibrate the equalizer, resulting in a significant reduction of inter-symbol interference (ISI). Matlab simulations show the clear opening of a twenty Gigabit/second (Gb/s) data eye at the end of a six inch FR4-based signal route.
Subsenescent Telomere Lengths in Fibroblasts Immortalized by Limiting Amounts of Telomerase (2000)

Human fibroblasts expressing the catalytic component of human telomerase (hTERT) have been followed for 250-400 population doublings. As expected, telomerase activity declined in long term culture of stable transfectants. Surprisingly, however, clones with average telomere lengths several kilobases shorter than those of senescent parental cells continued to proliferate. Although the longest telomeres shortened, the size of the shortest telomeres was maintained. Cells with subsenescent telomere lengths proliferated for an additional 20 doublings after inhibiting telomerase activity with a dominant-negative hTERT mutant. These results indicate that, under conditions of limiting telomerase activity, cis-acting signals may recruit telomerase to act on the shortest telomeres, argue against the hypothesis that the mortality stage 1 mechanism of cellular senescence is regulated by telomere positional effects (in which subtelomeric loci silenced by long telomeres are expressed when telomeres become short), and suggest that catalytically active telomerase is not required to provide a protein-capping role at the end of very short telomeres.
Novel Electron Beam Profile and Convergence Measurement Method (1999)

Abstract A new test method (patent pending) measures the dimensions of electron beam cross sections in a CDT or CPT at specified relative intensity levels between 5% and 75% of the peak intensity for objective evaluation of Focus quality. Test update time is under 0.2 seconds. The same beam reconstruction method is used to improve Convergence measurement accuracy.
Damage growth monitoring for a bonding layer of the aircraft bonding structure (2006)

This study is about some of the results of the test performed for the purpose of developing the damage monitoring system with the advanced composite bonding structure applied to a next generation aircraft. Through the past researches, we succeeded in receiving hundreds of kHz of elastic waves (lamb waves) launched from PZT byusing an optical fiber sensor bonded to or embedded in a specimen. Furthermore, by using an FBG optical fiber sensor embedded in the bonding interface of a CFRP coupon specimen or a structure element specimen with skin/stringer bonded structure or bonded to the surface of the specimen, the test results have been proven and the fact is verified that regarding the structure of composites, variations of elastic waves according to damage growth can be received with high accuracy. The authors also suggest it is possible to detect a damage, which is generated inside composites by calculating the elastic waves. For this study, we manufactured a structural element specimen where a small-diameter optical fiber sensor is embedded in the bonding interface, which is simulated a skin/stringer bonding structure of actual composite structures. We also developed the system, which is detecting elastic (lamb) wave up to 1MHz on our own and optimized it according to the corresponding specimen. Furthermore, an artificial damage is installed to critical area of the structural element specimen as a damage origin point. It is verified that our monitoring system can detect the variations of elastic waves accompanying the damage of 20mm2 occurring and growing from the artificial damage by the applied cyclic load.
Unexpected Role of Anionic Ligands in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes (2013)

Größer und besser: Der Austausch der anionischen Chloridliganden in Noyoris [(Diamin)(Diphosphan)RuCl2]-Katalysatoren gegen sperrige Carboxylatliganden ermöglicht die effiziente selektive Hydrierung einer Vielzahl von Aldehyden unter basefreien Bedingungen (siehe Schema). Turnoverzahlen von bis zu 100 000 wurden in der Gegenwart eines sperrigen Carbonsäure-Cokatalysators erreicht. Wahrscheinlich operiert das Katalysatorsystem über einen Innensphärenmechanismus. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.