gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-temperature superconducting DC networks (1994)

High-temperature superconducting DC networks are studied as a feasible alternative to AC power transmission systems. The DC network operates at generation voltages allowing direct connection of the generators to the rectifiers, eliminating the need for high-voltage insulation and transformers. The DC system is based on a mesh-connected low-voltage high-current superconducting DC transmission network supplied by unit-connected generators. The DC system feeds many small inverters that pass controlled levels of real and reactive power to AC loads. This paper presents an overview of superconducting low-voltage DC transmission systems, starting with a discussion of the DC system. This discussion is followed by an overview of the operation of AC distribution systems connected to the superconducting DC mesh and then inverter topologies and control strategies required for interfacing the AC distribution systems to the DC mesh. The paper presents a conceptual overview of the operation of the system based on simulation studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular cloning of a cytochrome P450 taxane 10β-hydroxylase cDNA from<i>Taxus</i>and functional expression in yeast (2001)

The early steps in the biosynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene followed by cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation at C5, acetylation of this intermediate, and a second cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylation at C10 to yield taxadien-5 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-ol. Subsequent steps of the pathway involve additional cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxygenations and CoA-dependent acylations. The limited feasibility of reverse genetic cloning of cytochrome P450 oxygenases led to the use of Taxus cell cultures induced for Taxol production and the development of an approach based on differential display of mRNA-reverse transcription-PCR, which ultimately provided full-length forms of 13 unique but closely related cytochrome P450 sequences. Functional expression of these enzymes in yeast was monitored by in situ spectrophotometry coupled to in vivo screening of oxygenase activity by feeding taxoid substrates. This strategy yielded a family of taxoid-metabolizing enzymes and revealed the taxane 10 beta-hydroxylase as a 1494-bp cDNA that encodes a 498-residue cytochrome P450 capable of transforming taxadienyl acetate to the 10 beta-hydroxy derivative; the identity of this latter pathway intermediate was confirmed by chromatographic and spectrometric means. The 10 beta-hydroxylase represents the initial cytochrome P450 gene of Taxol biosynthesis to be isolated by an approach that should provide access to the remaining oxygenases of the pathway.
Reduced Pathology and Improved Behavioral Performance in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Vaccinated With HSV Amplicons Expressing Amyloid-β and Interleukin-4 (2008)

Immunotherapeutics designed to dissolve existing amyloid plaques or to interrupt amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation may be feasible for treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). "Shaping" the immune responses elicited against Aβ is requisite toward generating an efficacious and safe outcome; this can be achieved by minimizing the possibility of deleterious inflammatory reactions in the brain as observed in clinical testing of Aβ peptide/adjuvant-based modalities. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based amplicons can coexpress multiple antigens and/or immunomodulatory genes due to their large genetic size capacity, thereby facilitating antigen-specific immune response shaping. We have constructed an amplicon (HSV<sub>IE</sub>Aβ<sub>CMV</sub>IL-4) that co-delivers Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>with interleukin-4 (IL-4), a cytokine that promotes the generation of Th2-like T-cell responses, which are favored in the setting of AD immunotherapy. Triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice, which progressively develop both amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle pathology, were vaccinated thrice with HSV<sub>IE</sub>Aβ<sub>CMV</sub>IL-4, or a set of control amplicon vectors. Increased Th2-related, Aβ-specific antibodies, improved learning and functioning of memory, and prevention of AD-related amyloid and tau pathological progression were observed significantly more in the HSV<sub>IE</sub>Aβ<sub>CMV</sub>IL-4 vaccinated mice as compared to the other experimental groups. Our study underscores the potential of Aβ immunotherapy for AD and highlights the potency of amplicons in facilitating the immune response modulation to a disease-relevant antigen.
Parkinson disease-associated mutation R1441H in LRRK2 prolongs the “active state” of its GTPase domain (2014)

Mutation in leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common cause of Parkinson disease (PD). A disease-causing point mutation R1441H/G/C in the GTPase domain of LRRK2 leads to overactivation of its kinase domain. However, the mechanism by which this mutation alters the normal function of its GTPase domain [Ras of complex proteins (Roc)] remains unclear. Here, we report the effects of R1441H mutation (RocR1441H) on the structure and activity of Roc. We show that Roc forms a stable monomeric conformation in solution that is catalytically active, thus demonstrating that LRRK2 is a bona fide self-contained GTPase. We further show that the R1441H mutation causes a twofold reduction in GTPase activity without affecting the structure, thermal stability, and GDP-binding affinity of Roc. However, the mutation causes a twofold increase in GTP-binding affinity of Roc, thus suggesting that the PD-causing mutation R1441H traps Roc in a more persistently activated state by increasing its affinity for GTP and, at the same time, compromising its GTP hydrolysis.
Energy deposition patterns in an amputated human lower leg heated with a miniannular phased array (1988)

The energy deposition patterns in both alcohol-fixed and unfixed amputated human lower legs produced by a miniannular phased array (MAPA) applicator have been determined. The nontumor bearing portions of four human legs, amputated for therapeutic purposes, were heated within the MAPA. Experimental measurements of the time rate of temperature rise at many locations inside the leg (between 125 and 150) were transformed to specific absorption rate (SAR) values at each point. A simple model was developed which predicts the axial variations in SAR inside the heated limb based upon quantitative details of the leg's geometry obtained from computerized tomography scans. The axial location of the region of maximum energy deposition was predicted by the model with a precision of approximately 1 to 2 cm. Significant time rate of temperature rise was measured inside the cortical portion of the tibia, while the temperature rise in the cancellous (marrow) portion of the tibia was negligible. The alcohol fixation process appears to have no significant effect on the energy deposition patterns within the various leg tissues.
Differential Susceptibility of Anthurium Cultivars to Bacterial Blight in Foliar and Systemic Infection Phases (1998)

Susceptibility of anthurium cultivars to systemic infection by the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae, was examined using a bioengineered bioluminescent strain (V108LRUH1) and compared with susceptibility to foliar infection. Eight cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to foliar infection were evaluated for their susceptibility to systemic infection. Petioles of second youngest leaves cut near the main stem were inoculated with strain V108LRUH1, and subsequent movement of this bacterium into other petioles was monitored by observing bioluminescence from the plants. The actual extent of systemic movement was determined by reisolating V108LRUH1 from dissected segments of the remaining petioles. In susceptible cultivars, the pathogen advanced very rapidly and nearly reached the distal end of petioles. In resistant cultivars, the pathogen was detected in none (or very few) of the petiole segments. However, the susceptibility ranking among the tested cultivars for systemic infection did not always correspond to the ranking determined for foliar infection: i.e., one cultivar that was susceptible to foliar infection was highly resistant to systemic infection, and vice versa. This suggests that cultivar susceptibility of anthuriums to bacterial blight may differ depending on the phase of disease progression, and thus evaluation for both disease phases is essential for complete understanding of cultivar susceptibility.
Histogram based fuzzy C-mean algorithm for image segmentation (2003)

Since a real image is usually very complex, there must be some uncertainties and errors in image segmentation. The fuzzy C-mean (FCM) algorithm can overcome this problem, but the cost will be a large amount of computation time. The authors present an improved FCM algorithm which uses a histogram, instead of the gray function, to find centers of the gray level. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that it can reduce the computing time significantly. >
Fully automated synthesis and coupling of [<sup>18</sup>F]FBEM to glutathione using the iPHASE FlexLab module (2014)

Site-specific radiolabelling of peptides or antibodies using [(18) F]FBEM is often preferred over non-site-specific radiolabelling with [(18) F]SFB because it does not affect the affinity of the antibody to its target. Unfortunately, the synthesis of [(18) F]FBEM and its conjugation to thiol containing macromolecules requires some manual intervention, which leads to radiation exposure of the radiochemist. In this publication, we report on the complete automation of [(18) F]FBEM production and its subsequent conjugation to glutathione using a slightly modified iPHASE FlexLab module. [(18) F]FBEM was produced in 1.185 ± 0.168 GBq (15-20%; n = 10; 0.75 ± 0.106 GBq non-decay corrected) with a specific activity of 57 ± 10 GBq/µmol. Radiochemical purity was 97 ± 1% and the synthesis time including HPLC purification and reformulation was 70 min. After evaporation to dryness, [(18) F]FBEM was conjugated to glutathione in PBS buffer pH 7.4 in quantitative yields. This fully automated method does not require any manual intervention and therefore reduces the radiation exposure to the operator.
A new FET-based integrated circuit technology: the SASSFET (1996)

The super self-aligned submicron single-metal FET (SASSFET), a FET-based integrated circuit technology suitable for fabrication of high-speed GaAs and InP circuits, is demonstrated. With nonalloyed source and drain contacts realized by MOCVD regrowth, the SASSFET is a uniform, dense, selfaligned, single-metal technology that achieves submicron dimensions with optical lithography. A 0.4 μm gate length junction HFET fabricated with the SASSFET technology has a transconductance of 380 mS/mm and a good high-frequency performance with f/sub /spl tau// of 45 GHz and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 80 GHz.
A novel time synchronization algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks with mobility prediction (2017)

Time synchronization is critical for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, due to environmental harshness and node mobility, time synchronization is hard for underwater WSNs (UWSNs). In this paper, we predict the velocity of unsynchronized nodes by the mobility pattern and spatial correlation, and propose a time synchronization algorithm based on the clock parameters estimated by the relative speed of nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing algorithms and mitigates the detrimental effect of node mobility on time synchronization.
Enhanced drug release by selective cleavage of cross-links in a double-cross-linked hydrogel (2016)

Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized using two different cross-linking agents namely, cystamine and Jeffamine. The redox sensitive di-sulfide linkages could be selectively cleaved to enhance the release of doxorubicin.
Teleconnection Patterns along the Asian Jet Associated with Different Combinations of Convection Oscillations over the Indian Continent and Western North Pacific during Summer (2010)

带的 teleconnection 在夏天期间在欧亚的大陆上沿着亚洲喷气被发现了。在这研究，作者在 extratropics 调查了发行量异例，特别地为带的 teleconnection，在在北印度大陆(IND ) 和西方的诺思太平洋(WNP ) 上的副热带的传送对流异例的不同联合下面。out-of-phase 配置(即，更强壮(更弱) IND 传送对流并且更弱(更强壮) WNP 传送对流) 被发现比同相的配置更普通(即，更强壮(更弱) IND 传送对流并且更强壮(更弱) WNP 传送对流) ，它与以前的结果一致。合成结果显示为 30-60-day 传送对流摆动的 out-of-phase 配置的发行量异例比为同相的配置的那些在中间的纬度是强壮得多的。另外，带的 teleconnection 模式为 out-of-phase 配置是占优势的，特别地为强壮的 IND 传送对流和弱 WNP 传送对流的配置；然而，他们为同相的配置弱或卑微。这些结果建议沿着亚洲喷气的带的 teleconnection 模式依赖于 IND 和 WNP 的不同联合副热带的传送对流异例。
Interaction of the unique competitive inhibitor imidazole and related compounds with the active site metal of carbonic anhydrase: linkage between pH effects on the inhibitor binding affinity and pH effects on the visible spectra of inhibitor complexes with the cobalt-substituted enzyme (1987)

Previous studies on the interaction of carbonic anhydrase (CA) with the unique CO2 competitive inhibitor imidazole and related compounds were all interpreted as showing that an ionizable water ligand on the metal of this zinc metalloenzyme is not displaced by inhibitor binding. Internal inconsistencies in the pH dependence of binding and the pH dependence of the visible spectra of complexes with cobalt-substituted enzyme prompted us to reinvestigate this binding. Visible spectroscopy was used to measure the binding of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole to Co(II)-substituted human CA I and active site carboxymethylated human CA I (CmCA I) and the binding of 1,2,4-triazole to bovine CoIICA II. The limiting visible spectra for these enzyme-inhibitor adducts were also computed and examined for pH dependence. It was shown that the pKa of visible spectral changes can be independently predicted from studies on the pH dependence of binding. After consideration of possible contributions from effects of His-200 ionization in CA I and CmCA I, and His-64 in CA II, the pH effects on binding affinity and spectra were found to be of the correct magnitude to establish linkage between binding and an ionization. It was also shown, however, that pH effects on binding and spectra cannot distinguish whether neutral imidazole binds to both ionization forms of the enzyme (Zn-OH2 and Zn-OH) or whether neutral imidazole and its anion both bind to only the acid form of the enzyme, presumably after displacing the water. These findings have implications to the crystallographic interpretations on the imidazole-enzyme complex and to the catalytic mechanism of CO2 hydration.
LUNG SCAFFOLDS FOR BIOENGINEERED ORGAN. (2014)

The main diseases of the respiratory system such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and primary pulmonary hypertension, results in an irreversible structural damage in the lung parenchyma, and lung transplantation the only indication. Unfortunately, the success of lung transplantation is limited, due to limited number of organ donors and the incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans resulting in an alloimmune response elicited by disparities between donor and recipient antigens. In this context, bioengineering lungs is considered a potential therapeutic approach. The decellularized organs matrix potentially maintains the three-dimensional architecture and biochemical composition, as well as the original tissue microvasculature. This ability makes the decellularized lung promising for generation of functional bioartificial lungs. This study aims to demonstrate in an experimental animal model the decellularization process of the lungs in order to prepare scaffolds for bioengineered artificial organ.
Trichostatin A, lead compound for development of antifibrogenic drugs. (2001)

Eukaryotic gene expression has mainly been studied in the context of trans-acting transcription factors and their interaction with regulatory cis-elements. Evidence is accumulating, that the higher order structure of chromatin also plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene expression. Hepatic stellate cells are the major cellular source of extracellular matrix synthesis in chronic liver diseases leading to fibrosis. We explored the antifibrogenic effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Primary hepatic stellate cells as well as activated, subcultured stellate cells were exposed to 10(-7) M-10(-9) M TSA. Collagens type I and III, and smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for transdifferentiation, were investigated at the protein and mRNA level by performing Northern hybridisation and quantitative immunoprecipitation. The antiproliferative effect was examined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 was demonstrated by acid urea Triton-X-100 (AUT) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. TSA at 10(-7) M retarded the morphological changes characteristics for activation of primary stellate cells. Synthesis of collagens type I and III, and alpha-SMA was strongly inhibited at both protein and mRNA level. The proliferation rate of primary hepatic stellate cells was strongly suppressed by 10(-7) M TSA. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 showed to be maximal at 10(-7) M TSA. Primary hepatic stellate cells were more affected by TSA than subcultured stellate cells.
Minimum ber block precoders for zero-forcing equalization (2003)

We determine the linear precoder that minimizes the bit error rate (BER) at moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for block transmission systems with zero-forcing (ZF) equalization and threshold detection. The design is developed for the two standard schemes for eliminating inter-block interference, viz, zero padding (ZP) and cyclic prefix (CP). We show that both the ZP minimum BER precoder and the CP minimum BER precoder provide substantially lower error rates than standard block transmission schemes, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The corresponding SNR gains can be on the order of several decibels. We also show that the CP minimum BER precoder can be obtained by a two-stage modification of the water-filling discrete multitone modulation (DMT) scheme in which the diagonal water-filling power loading is replaced by a full matrix consisting of a diagonal minimum mean square error power loading matrix post multiplied by a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix.
High incidence of chromosome 1 abnormalities in a series of 27 renal oncocytomas: cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. (2007)

This study further confirmed our prior results demonstrating the widespread occurrence of chromosome 1 abnormalities in renal oncocytomas. Although no abnormalities in chromosome 1 in tumors with normal karyotypes were detected by FISH using the current set of probes, a much higher incidence of such abnormalities was found in bilateral tumors, suggesting that genetic alterations related to the development of renal oncocytoma reside in this region.
Theory of Sparse Coprime Sensing in Multiple Dimensions (2011)

Coprime sampling and coprime sensor arrays have been introduced recently for the one-dimensional (1-D) case, and applications in beamforming and direction finding discussed. A pair of coprime arrays can be used to sample a wide-sense stationary signal sparsely, and then reconstruct the autocorrelation at a significantly denser set of points. All applications based on autocorrelation (e.g., spectrum and DOA estimation) benefit from this property. It was also shown in the past that coprimality can be exploited in the frequency domain by using a pair of coprime DFT filter banks, to produce the effect of a much denser tiling in the frequency domain, compared to what the two filter banks can individually achieve. This paper extends these ideas to multiple dimensions. In the 1-D case the samples or sensors lie on a pair of uniform grids, whereas in the multidimensional case, they lie on a pair of multidimensional lattices, not necessarily rectangular. This makes the developments mathematically more intricate. First several properties of coarrays of lattices are derived. It is shown how one can get dense coarrays from sparse arrays on non rectangular lattices. This requires that the lattice generating matrices <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</b> and <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</b> be commuting and coprime (to be defined). Multidimensional DFT filter banks for applications such as beamforming, with commuting coprime lattice arrays, are then described, and it is shown that a very dense tiling of the frequency plane can be obtained from the two sparse lattice arrays. A particular family of commuting coprime matrices called adjugate pairs are considered in some detail, and shown to have attractive properties. A brief review of the 1-D case is included at the beginning for convenience.
Analysis and comparison of inductor coupled buck-boost converter combining KY converter and SR buck converter (2014)

A buck-boost converter combining the KY converter and SR buck converter with coupled inductors is presented. This converter is modified from the buck-boost converter combining the KY converter and SR buck converter. The voltage conversion ratio of the modified converter is greater than that of the existing converter. A detailed description of the modified converter is presented along with some simulation results. Simulation of the modified converter has been done for input voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> =10–16V output voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> =12V and switching frequency F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> =200KHz and the results have been compared with that of the buck-boost converter without coupled inductors. By inductor coupling the voltage conversion ratio of the converter has increased and voltage stress across the switches has been reduced.