gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composite as a semiconductor and concept of optoelectronic and electronic devices made from it (1999)

An epoxy-matrix composite with continuous crossply carbon fibers was found to be a semiconductor in the through-thickness direction, with a tunable energy gap of - eV (infrared). The higher the pressure during composite fabrication by lamination, the higher the interlaminar stress and the greater the energy gap, which is the activation energy for electron jumping from one lamina to the adjacent one in the composite. The semiconducting behavior involves the contact electrical resistivity between adjacent laminae in the composite decreasing reversibly with increasing temperature. The concept of optoelectronic and electronic devices made from carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites is provided. Devices include solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, infrared detectors and transistors. Thus, a new dimension is added to smart structures and a new field of electronics (`structural electronics') is born.
Mean and Variance of Photon Counting with Deadtime (1999)

The statistics of photon counting by systems affected by deadtime are potentially important for statistical image reconstruction methods. We present a new way of ana-lyzing the moments of the counting process for a counter system affected by various models of deadtime related to PET and SPECT imaging. We derive simple and exact expressions for the first and second moments of the num-ber of recorded events under various models. From our mean expression for a SPECT deadtime model, we derive a simple estimator for the actual intensity of the underly-ing Poisson process; simulations show that our estimator is unbiased even for extremely high count rates. I.
Neural Networks on Groups (2019)

Although neural networks traditionally are typically used to approximate functions defined over $\mathbb{R}^n$, the successes of graph neural networks, point-cloud neural networks, and manifold deep learning among other methods have demonstrated the clear value of leveraging neural networks to approximate functions defined over more general spaces. The theory of neural networks has not kept up however,and the relevant theoretical results (when they exist at all) have been proven on a case-by-case basis without a general theory or connection to classical work. The process of deriving new theoretical backing for each new type of network has become a bottleneck to understanding and validating new approaches. In this paper we extend the definition of neural networks to general topological groups and prove that neural networks with a single hidden layer and a bounded non-constant activation function can approximate any $\mathcal{L}^p$ function defined over any locally compact Abelian group. This framework and universal approximation theorem encompass all of the aforementioned contexts. We also derive important corollaries and extensions with minor modification, including the case for approximating continuous functions on a compact subset, neural networks with ReLU activation functions on a linearly bi-ordered group, and neural networks with affine transformations on a vector space. Our work obtains as special cases the recent theorems of Qi et al. [2017], Sennai et al. [2019], Keriven and Peyre [2019], and Maron et al. [2019]
Highly Solar-Reflective Structures for Daytime Radiative Cooling under High Humidity (2020)

Daytime radiative cooling is a passive strategy to cool down a terrestrial object under direct sunlight without the need of electricity input. It functions by simultaneously reflecting solar irradiance and sending heat as infrared (IR) thermal radiation through the atmospheric transparent window into the cold outer space. In spite of extensive studies on daytime radiative cooling, most of previous works were conducted in dry regions mainly in North America. Here, we explore the feasibility of achieving efficient radiative cooling in humid subtropical areas such as Hong Kong, where abundant atmosphere water vapor exists. In this case, the atmospheric transparent window is almost closed since water is highly absorptive of IR radiation. We report a simple approach to achieve efficient daytime radiative cooling in Hong Kong. Our design comprises an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) film and a Ag layer deposited on a transparent glass substrate. We show that the combination of highly diffusely reflective ePTFE and all-band reflective Ag results in a reflectivity of 98% in the solar spectrum, allowing for a temperature drop up to 2.7 °C under a solar intensity of 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> on a humid day in Hong Kong.
Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation Temperature at 3.3 and 9.1 MM (1983)

The authors report the results of measurements of the cosmic background radiation temperature at wavelengths of 9.1 and 3.3 mm. The 9.1 mm result, T{sub CBR} = 2.87 {+-} 0.21 K, is in good agreement with previous results and those obtained at longer wavelengths during the same experiment. The 3.3 mm result, T{sub CBR} = 2.4 {+-} 1.0 K, is consistent with previous measurements, but has a large error due to uncertainty in the atmospheric correction.
32-core inline multicore fiber amplifier for dense space division multiplexed transmission system (2016)

We present a high-core-count SDM amplifier, i.e. 32-core multicore-fiber amplifier, in a cladding-pumped configuration. An average gain of 17dB and NF of 7dB is obtained for -5dBm input signal power in the wavelength range 1544nm-1564nm.
Attestation of Trusted and Reliable Service Function Chains in the ETSI-NFV Framework (2020)

The new generation of digital services are natively conceived as an ordered set of Virtual Network Functions, deployed across boundaries and organizations. In this context, security threats, variable network conditions, computational and memory capabilities and software vulnerabilities may significantly weaken the whole service chain, thus making very difficult to combat the newest kinds of attacks. It is thus extremely important to conceive a flexible (and standard-compliant) framework able to attest the trustworthiness and the reliability of each single function of a Service Function Chain. At the time of this writing, and to the best of authors knowledge, the scientific literature addressed all of these problems almost separately. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a novel methodology, properly tailored within the ETSI-NFV framework. From one side, Software-Defined Controllers continuously monitor the properties and the performance indicators taken from networking domains of each single Virtual Network Function available in the architecture. From another side, a high-level orchestrator combines, on demand, the suitable Virtual Network Functions into a Service Function Chain, based on the user requests, targeted security requirements, and measured reliability levels. The paper concludes by further explaining the functionalities of the proposed architecture through a use case.
Robust cardiac BOLD MRI using an fMRI‐like approach with repeated stress paradigms (2014)

Using a recent elastic motion correction algorithm and adapted acquisition techniques, it was possible to apply fMRI-like strategies for cardiac BOLD MRI in volunteers and derive robust BOLD measurements. The observed slight but significant oxygenation increase in the myocardium of volunteers might be explained by the vasodilator effect of increased CO2 concentration under apnea. Detection of such small physiological changes in volunteers performing breath-holds demonstrates that the method could have potential in identifying low oxygenation regions in the myocardium of patients during stress tests.
Coding techniques of image data in spatial domain (2003)

The compression and decompression of gray-level-image files in the spatial domain using three different methods is examined. The first method uses the average weights of neighboring pixels to calculate the value of the current one. The second method combines weights and a delta value to estimate the missing pixel. The purpose of the delta value is to enhance the quality at the edges. The third method uses adaptive vector quantization. Codebooks of representative vectors are generated for different portions of the image. The performance of the coder is estimated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. Coding parameters such as vector dimension, number of representative vectors, and searching technique are discussed. Compression ratios are examined as a function of signal-to-noise ratio, and running time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Upconversion and Downconversion Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots: Ultrasonic Preparation and Photocatalysis (2012)

A facile ultrasonic route for the fabrication of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with upconverted emission is presented. The as-prepared GQDs exhibit an excitation-independent downconversion and upconversion photoluminescent (PL) behavior, and the complex photocatalysts (rutile TiO(2)/GQD and anatase TiO(2)/GQD systems) were designed to harness the visible spectrum of sunlight. It is interesting that the photocatalytic rate of the rutile TiO(2)/GQD complex system is ca. 9 times larger than that of the anatase TiO(2)/GQD complex under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation in the degradation of methylene blue.
Three-dimensional field and side-force design analyses of a transverse flux linear switched-reluctance machine (1998)

This paper is intended to investigate the electromagnetic flux distribution and side-force characteristics of a transverse flux linear switched-reluctance machine (TFLSRM) by three-dimensional finite element method. With the flux path perpendicular to its moving direction, results showed that the TFLSRM is quite suitable for high speed linear motion applications, due to the generated electromagnetic side-force which enhance the overall system guidance. From comparison analysis, conceptual design suggestions on the machine pole shapes will also be supplied.
A New Privacy Breach: User Trajectory Recovery From Aggregated Mobility Data (2018)

Human mobility data have been ubiquitously collected through cellular networks and mobile applications, and publicly released for academic research and commercial purposes for the last decade. Since releasing individual's mobility records usually gives rise to privacy issues, data sets owners tend to only publish aggregated mobility data, such as the number of users covered by a cellular tower at a specific timestamp, which is believed to be sufficient for preserving users' privacy. However, in this paper, we argue and prove that even publishing aggregated mobility data could lead to privacy breach in individuals' trajectories. We develop an attack system that is able to exploit the uniqueness and regularity of human mobility to recover individual's trajectories from the aggregated mobility data without any prior knowledge. By conducting experiments on two real-world data sets collected from both the mobile application and cellular network, we reveal that the attack system is able to recover users' trajectories with an accuracy of about 73% <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">~</sub> 91% at the scale of thousands to ten thousands of mobile users, which indicates severe privacy leakage in such data sets. Our extensive analysis also reveals that by generalization and perturbation, this kind of privacy leakage can only be mitigated. Through the investigation on aggregated mobility data, this paper recognizes a novel privacy problem in publishing statistic data, which appeals for immediate attentions from both the academy and industry.
The Structure of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass and Melt by X-ray Diffraction Method (2000)

TitleThe Structure of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass and Melt by X-rayDiffraction Method (SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY-Amorphous Materials)Author(s)Jin, Jisun; Takahashi, Masahide; Uchino, Takashi; Yoko,ToshinobuCitation ICR annual report (2001), 7: 22-23Issue Date 2001-03URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/65279RightType ArticleTextversion publisher
Comparison of Late‐Season Diagnostic Tests for Predicting Nitrogen Status of Corn (2001)

We compared six late‐season diagnostic tests for determining N adequacy in corn ( Zea mays L.) in a 3‐yr study in Pennsylvania. The six tests were: (i) the NO − 3 –N concentration of stalk sections at black layer; (ii) the NO − 3 –N concentration of stalk sections at the one‐fourth milk line growth stage (MLGS), which allows corn grown for silage to be tested; (iii) the chlorophyll meter (CM) test at the one‐fourth MLGS; (iv) the relative CM test (normalized values) at the one‐fourth MLGS; (v) a visual test based on the number of green leaves below and including the ear leaf at the one‐fourth MLGS; and (vi) a relative visual test (normalized values at the one‐fourth MLGS). We found that with a critical level of 250 mg kg −1 NO − 3 –N, the stalk NO − 3 test separated N‐sufficient from N‐deficient sites with approximately 93% accuracy when sampling was done at either the one‐fourth MLGS or within several weeks after black‐layer formation. It appears that the 250 mg kg −1 NO − 3 –N critical level can be used to accurately predict N adequacy for any sampling time between the one‐fourth MLGS and a few weeks after black‐layer formation. When drought‐stressed fields were excluded or the CM readings normalized with a high‐N reference plot in the field, the accuracy of the CM test at the one‐fourth MLGS was approximately 92%. The visual test at the one‐fourth MLGS was an accurate predictor of corn N status only when visual readings were normalized with a high‐N reference plot. These results demonstrate that there are several late‐season N tests that are suitable for making relatively accurate assessments of N sufficiency for corn silage and grain yields.
Advances and applications in low-power phased array X-band weather radars (2018)

Low-cost, low-power X-band phased array radar (LPAR) is an enabling technology for future deployment of distributed short-range radar networks. Such networks offer the potential for superior and lower altitude surveillance of atmospheric and airborne events compared with today's larger, long range national radar networks. Two dimensionally steered (phase-phase steering, without motors or other moving parts) phased array radars are complex systems comprising multiple subsystems including several thousand transmit/receive (T/R) channels, beam steering computers, thermal management. Owing to this complexity and the associated cost, phased array technology has not historically been used in weather and air traffic control radars. Competition for the frequency spectrum traditionally reserved for long-range radars is motivating the search for new approaches to national air surveillance; this has motivated R&D investment in two-dimensional X-band LPAR over the past decade, to the point where prototype systems are now emerging in several application settings including, for the first time, the university research setting. Two-dimensional high-speed (inertia-less) beam steering combined with dual polarization, programmable/adaptive waveforms, and the ability to combine multiple radars into networks is leading to new atmospheric science research opportunities related to hazardous storm forecasting and response, understanding cloud physics, water resource management, monitoring the movement and dispersal of hazardous plumes, and other areas.
Simple Plate-Based, Parallel Synthesis of Disulfide Fragments using the CuAAC Click Reaction (2014)

Disulfide exchange screening is a site-directed approach to fragment-based lead discovery that requires a bespoke library of disulfide-containing fragments. Previously, we described a simple one-pot, two-step synthesis of disulfide fragments from amine- or acid-bearing starting materials. Here, we describe the synthesis of disulfide fragments that bear a 1,4-substituted-1,2,3-triazole linkage between disulfide and molecular diversity element. This work establishes the compatibility of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry with a one-pot, two-step reaction sequence that can be readily parallelized. We performed 96 reactions in a single deep-well microtiter plate, employing 48 alkynes and two different azide linker reagents. From this effort, a total of 81 triazole-containing disulfide fragments were obtained in useful isolated yields. Thus, CuAAC chemistry offers an experimentally convenient method to rapidly prepare disulfide fragments that are structurally distinct from fragments accessed via amide, sulfonamide, or isocyanate chemistries.
AlGaAs/GaAs Multiquantum Well Lasers with Buried Multiquantum Well Optical Guide (1985)

Transverse mode stabilized AlGaAs/GaAs multiquantum well (MQW) lasers with buried MQW optical guide (MQW-BOG) have been fabricated utilizing Zn-diffusion-induced disordering of AlGaAs/GaAs MQW. Lasers with such an optical guide structure operate in the fundamental transverse mode up to an output power as high as 30 mW. A small kink is observed in the L-I curve at an output power exceeding 30 mW. Above the kink, a twin peak appears in the far-field pattern while a single peak appears in the near-field pattern. From these results, it is confirmed that the MQW-BOG laser acts as an index guided laser with partial gain-guided effect.
[Effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and cycle of prostate cancer cell line DU145]. (2010)

Cyclopamine can inhibit the proliferation of DU145 cells, and the mechanism may be related with its effect of down-regulating the cyclin E mRNA expression of DU145 cells and blocking them in stage G1. Cyclopamine can also induce the apoptosis of DU145 cells.
P‐70: Active Matrix OLED Displays Using Simple Poly‐Si TFT Process (2003)

Abstract We have suggested and developed a novel 6 photo‐mask process for the p‐channel poly‐Si thin film transistor TFT panel fabrication of active matrix organic light‐emitting diode AMOLED. By removing power line Vdd and bank photo process, we simplified the fabrication process from 8 to 6 mask steps. The p‐channel TFT fabricated by the 6 photo‐mask process had a field effect mobility of ∼80 cm 2 /Vsec, a sub‐threshold voltage swing of ∼0.3 V/dec., and a threshold voltage of ∼−2 V. Using the 6 photo‐mask process, we have successfully realized a 7‐inch WVGA 720×480 AMOLED panel, which is controlled by the voltage driving method.
Gnotobiotics (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
An Out-of-band Authentication Scheme for Internet of Things Using Blockchain Technology (2018)

While the rapid development of IoT devices is changing our daily lives, some particular issues hinder the massive deployment of IoT devices. For example, current network ID management system cannot handle so many new terminals; there is no agreed security standards for IoT manufacturers to follow when designing their products. The whole IoT industry is expecting the breakthrough in network infrastructure and the development of novel security mechanisms that can enable the flexible, secure and reliable access and management of IoT devices. Bitcoin, first released in 2009, breeds the decentralized Blockchain technology. The decentralization, anonymity and proof of security characteristics of Blockchain can prevent collusion and single point failure of a centralized server. We believe that the application of Blockchain into the IoT system can clear the obstacles facing the development of IoT architecture and security. To this end, we propose an out-of-band two-factor authentication scheme for IoT devices based on Blockchain infrastructure. We implemented the IoT and Blockchain integrated system with Eris Blockchain and equivalent computing devices to emulate IoT devices. The overheads to run Blockchain and smart contract services on the emulator devices are measured. The BeagleBone Black and Raspberry Pi 3 nodes have an average memory usage of 29.5M, and the CPU usage of 29.55% and 13.35%, respectively.
Any-to-Many Voice Conversion With Location-Relative Sequence-to-Sequence Modeling (2021)

This paper proposes an any-to-many location-relative, sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq), non-parallel voice conversion approach, which utilizes text supervision during training. In this approach, we combine a bottle-neck feature extractor (BNE) with a seq2seq synthesis module. During the training stage, an encoder-decoder-based hybrid connectionist-temporal-classification-attention (CTC-attention) phoneme recognizer is trained, whose encoder has a bottle-neck layer. A BNE is obtained from the phoneme recognizer and is utilized to extract speaker-independent, dense and rich spoken content representations from spectral features. Then a multi-speaker location-relative attention based seq2seq synthesis model is trained to reconstruct spectral features from the bottle-neck features, conditioning on speaker representations for speaker identity control in the generated speech. To mitigate the difficulties of using seq2seq models to align long sequences, we down-sample the input spectral feature along the temporal dimension and equip the synthesis model with a discretized mixture of logistic (MoL) attention mechanism. Since the phoneme recognizer is trained with large speech recognition data corpus, the proposed approach can conduct any-to-many voice conversion. Objective and subjective evaluations show that the proposed any-to-many approach has superior voice conversion performance in terms of both naturalness and speaker similarity. Ablation studies are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of feature selection and model design strategies in the proposed approach. The proposed VC approach can readily be extended to support any-to-any VC (also known as one/few-shot VC), and achieve high performance according to objective and subjective evaluations.
Metal Complex-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization: Features, Scope, and Precision Polymer Synthesis (1997)

Abstract The scope, mechanism, and initiating systems of transition metalmediated living radical polymerization have been discussed in light of the authors' recent results. For example, a radical propagation is strongly suggested for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the dichloroacetophenone/RuCl2(PPh3)3/Al(OiPr)3 initiating system, because it is immediately terminated by radical quenchers such as galvinoxyl and TEMPO, but is immune to protic polar compounds such as water and methanol. The latter feature also leads to living radical polymerization in methanol and other alcohols and even in water. The product polymers therein are shown to possess a tertiary chloride ω-end that remains intact after work-up with acid and water and can renitiate living polymerization when treated with RuCl2(PPh3)3 and Al(OiPr)3. The paper also discusses the precise synthesis of star, telechelic, and end-functionalized polymers by the ruthenium-mediated living radical polymerizations with novel multifunctional and functionalized initiators.
Cyclophosphamide-induced Cardiotoxicity with a Prolonged Clinical Course Diagnosed on an Endomyocardial Biopsy (2013)

A 31-year-old woman with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma refractory to conventional chemotherapy was treated with high-dose chemotherapy containing cyclophosphamide (CY). Subsequently, she was treated with auto peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Although a complete remission was obtained, heart failure developed two months later. Echocardiography showed an impaired systolic function with pericardial effusion. A biopsy of the endomyocardial region from the left ventricle demonstrated spotty myocardial hemorrhage and myocardial fibrosis with disruption and aggregation of mitochondrial cristae. Based on these findings, CY-induced cardiotoxicity was diagnosed. The patient was treated with conventional therapy for heart failure, which required approximately one year to improve her condition.