gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Covalent Organic Framework Embedded with Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Air-Stable Low-Density Nanomagnets (2020)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) made of light atoms such as H, C, N, and O with a significant void-to-framework ratio are excellent low-density supports for nanoparticles (nPs). Their framework can be precoded with heteroatoms to ensure binding with metallic nanoclusters. With these advantages, if controlled amounts of magnetic nPs are anchored to them, they can yield low-density organic–inorganic nanomagnets. Their organic nature facilitates fusion with bulk materials such as paper/textile to enable bulk composites with well-dispersed low-density magnets, which have potential for defense and next-generation aviation applications. Herein, we have grown small Fe/Fe3O4 nPs (5–18 wt %) inside a COF. Interestingly, 300 mg of this organic–inorganic framework material (containing 50 mg of nPs) can lift a vial of ∼15,000 mg (300 times heavier). Also, the hydrophobic COF wraps around the Fe/Fe3O4 nanocluster retaining its room-temperature magnetic character even after 1 year, while the naked nPs lose it within a few days because of air oxidation. Bulk composites with paper and polymers have been made using this low-density Fe–COF to demonstrate their processability.
Preparative deracemization of unnatural amino acids (2006)

Unnatural amino acids are a growing class of intermediates required for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other industrial products. However, no single method has proven sufficiently versatile to prepare these compounds broadly at scale. To address this need, we have developed a general chemoenzymatic process to prepare enantiomerically pure L- and D-amino acids in high yield by deracemization of racemic starting materials. This method involves the concerted action of an enantioselective oxidase biocatalyst and a non-selective chemical reducing agent to effect the stereoinversion of one enantiomer and can result in an enantiomeric excess of >99% from the starting racemate, and product yields of over 90%. This approach compares very favourably with resolution processes, which have a maximum single-pass yield of 50%. We have developed efficient methods to adapt the process towards new target compounds and to optimize key factors that influence process efficiency and offer competitive economics at scale.
Orientation-Dependent Defect Formation in Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Layers (2003)

Thick SiC epitaxial layers have been grown by sublimation on different initial surfaces in the range of 1800-2200degreesC. Evidences have been obtained that independently of the polytype and the su ...
VLSI Implementation of a Fault-Tolerant Distributed Clock Generation (2006)

In this paper the authors introduce a novel approach for the on-chip generation of a fault-tolerant clock. The authors motivate why it becomes more and more desirable to provide VLSI circuits with fault-tolerant clocking methods and how this fault tolerance can be achieved. The proposed clock generation method is based on the adaptation of a well known distributed clock synchronization algorithm which has been adapted for hardware implementation. The authors present the underlying algorithm, point out the difficulties for the hardware implementation and provide a detailed description of the resulting VLSI implementation. To emphasize the feasibility of the proposed fault-tolerant clock generation method the authors also present some measurement results from a prototype implementation
Electrochemical glutamate biosensing with nanocube and nanosphere augmented single-walled carbon nanotube networks: a comparative study (2011)

We describe two hybrid nanomaterial biosensor platforms, based on networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enhanced with Pd nanocubes and Pt nanospheres and grown in situ from a porous anodic alumina (PAA) template. These nanocube and nanosphere SWCNT networks are converted into glutamate biosensors by immobilizing the enzyme glutamate oxidase (cross-linked with gluteraldehyde) onto the electrode surface. The Pt nanosphere/SWCNT biosensor outperformed the Pd nanocube/SWCNT biosensor and previously reported similar nanomaterial-based biosensors by amperometrically monitoring glutamate concentrations with a wide linear sensing range (50 nM to 1.6 mM) and a small detection limit (4.6 nM, 3σ). These results combined with the biosensor fabrication scheme (in situgrowth of SWCNTs, electrodeposition of metal nanoparticles, and facile enzyme immobilization protocol) create a biosensor that can potentially be scaled for integration into a wide range of applications including the treatment of neurological disorders.
Can internet video-on-demand be profitable? (2007)

Video-on-demand in the Internet has become an immensely popular service in recent years. But due to its high bandwidth requirements and popularity, it is also a costly service to provide. We consider the design and potential benefits of peer-assisted video-on-demand, in which participating peers assist the server in delivering VoD content. The assistance is done in such a way that it provides the same user quality experience as pure client-server distribution. We focus on the single-video approach, whereby a peer only redistributes a video that it is currently watching. Using a nine-month trace from a client-server VoD deployment for MSN Video, we assess what the 95 percentile server bandwidth costs would have been if a peer-assisted employment had been instead used. We show that peer-assistance can dramatically reduce server bandwidth costs, particularly if peers prefetch content when there is spare upload capacity in the system. We consider the impact of peer-assisted VoD on the cross-traffic among ISPs. Although this traffic is significant, if care is taken to localize the P2P traffic within the ISPs, we can eliminate the ISP cross traffic while still achieving important reductions in server bandwidth. We also develop a simple analytical model which captures many of the critical features of peer-assisted VoD, including its operational modes.
Plasma Levels of Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Are Elevated in Patients With Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Lack of Correlation With Thrombomodulin Suggests Involvement of Different Pathological Processes (1998)

To the Editor:

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a recently described member of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.[1][1] [2][2] The membrane form of EPCR works in concert with thrombomodulin (TM) to augment protein C activation on endothelial cells,[3][3] whereas a soluble form of EPCR
Novel α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Selective Ligands. Discovery, Structure−Activity Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation (2010)

Antagonist activity at the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is thought to contribute to the antiaddictive properties of several compounds. However, truly selective ligands for the α3β4 nAChR have not been available. We report the discovery and SAR of a novel class of compounds that bind to the α3β4 nAChR and have no measurable affinity for the α4β2 or α7 subtype. In functional assays the lead compound antagonized epibatidine-induced Ca(2+) flux in α3β4-transfected cells in a noncompetitive manner.
Spatial-And-Context aware (SpACe) "virtual biopsy" radiogenomic maps to\n target tumor mutational status on structural MRI (2020)

With growing emphasis on personalized cancer-therapies,radiogenomics has\nshown promise in identifying target tumor mutational status on routine imaging\n(i.e. MRI) scans. These approaches fall into 2 categories: (1)\ndeep-learning/radiomics (context-based), using image features from the entire\ntumor to identify the gene mutation status, or (2) atlas (spatial)-based to\nobtain likelihood of gene mutation status based on population statistics. While\nmany genes (i.e. EGFR, MGMT) are spatially variant, a significant challenge in\nreliable assessment of gene mutation status on imaging has been the lack of\navailable co-localized ground truth for training the models. We present\nSpatial-And-Context aware (SpACe) "virtual biopsy" maps that incorporate\ncontext-features from co-localized biopsy site along with spatial-priors from\npopulation atlases, within a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator\n(LASSO) regression model, to obtain a per-voxel probability of the presence of\na mutation status (M+ vs M-). We then use probabilistic pair-wise Markov model\nto improve the voxel-wise prediction probability. We evaluate the efficacy of\nSpACe maps on MRI scans with co-localized ground truth obtained from\ncorresponding biopsy, to predict the mutation status of 2 driver genes in\nGlioblastoma: (1) EGFR (n=91), and (2) MGMT (n=81). When compared against\ndeep-learning (DL) and radiomic models, SpACe maps obtained training and\ntesting accuracies of 90% (n=71) and 90.48% (n=21) in identifying EGFR\namplification status,compared to 80% and 71.4% via radiomics, and 74.28% and\n65.5% via DL. For MGMT status, training and testing accuracies using SpACe were\n88.3% (n=61) and 71.5% (n=20), compared to 52.4% and 66.7% using radiomics,and\n79.3% and 68.4% using DL. Following validation,SpACe maps could provide\nsurgical navigation to improve localization of sampling sites for targeting of\nspecific driver genes in cancer.\n
Production of Pseudoinfectious Yellow Fever Virus with a Two-Component Genome (2007)

Application of genetically modified, deficient-in-replication flaviviruses that are incapable of developing productive, spreading infection is a promising means of designing safe and effective vaccines. Here we describe a two-component genome yellow fever virus (YFV) replication system in which each of the genomes encodes complete sets of nonstructural proteins that form the replication complex but expresses either only capsid or prM/E instead of the entire structural polyprotein. Upon delivery to the same cell, these genomes produce together all of the viral structural proteins, and cells release a combination of virions with both types of genomes packaged into separate particles. In tissue culture, this modified YFV can be further passaged at an escalating scale by using a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). However, at a low MOI, only one of the genomes is delivered into the cells, and infection cannot spread. The replicating prM/E-encoding genome produces extracellular E protein in the form of secreted subviral particles that are known to be an effective immunogen. The presented strategy of developing viruses defective in replication might be applied to other flaviviruses, and these two-component genome viruses can be useful for diagnostic or vaccine applications, including the delivery and expression of heterologous genes. In addition, the achieved separation of the capsid-coding sequence and the cyclization signal in the YFV genome provides a new means for studying the mechanism of the flavivirus packaging process.
Applicability Evaluation of Young's Modulus Measurement using Equivalent Indentation Strain in Spherical Indentation Testing for Soft Materials (2010)

Spherical indentation testing is used to measure the mechanical properties of materials because of its convenience and low-invasiveness. A method based on the Hertz theory is one of the wellknown methods used to verify the reliability of this testing technique, but it cannot be applied in the case of soft materials with a finite thickness and large deformation. In this paper, Young's modulus measurement using equivalent indentation strain in spherical indentation testing is carried out to evaluate the applicability of this measurement method for various specimens such as soft materials, biological tissues, and so on. In particular, the applicability of this method is validated by using some type of indenters and materials under different experimental conditions. The effects of the types on the relationship between the specimen thickness, indenter diameter, and specimen hardness are studied to formulate a function of Young's modulus and the diameter. The formulated results are evaluated by comparing between experimental and simulation results, and it is shown that the Young's modulus of soft materials with a finite thickness can be measured by the spherical indentation testing technique with the measurement method using equivalent indentation strain.
Gonadectomy in Mito-Ob mice revealed a sex-dimorphic relationship between prohibitin and sex steroids in adipose tissue biology and glucose homeostasis (2018)

Recently, we have developed a novel transgenic mouse model by overexpressing prohibitin (PHB) in adipocytes, which developed obesity due to upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes, hence named “Mito-Ob.” Interestingly, only male Mito-Ob mice developed obesity-related impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, whereas female Mito-Ob mice did not. The observed sex differences in metabolic dysregulation suggest a potential involvement of sex steroids. Thus, the main aim of this study is to investigate the role of sex steroids on the overall phenotype of Mito-Ob mice through gonadectomy, as well as direct effect of sex steroids on adipocytes from Mito-Ob mice in vitro. Mito-Ob mice and wild-type CD-1 mice were gonadectomized at 12 weeks of age. Age- and sex-matched sham-operated mice were used as controls. Body weight, white adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed 3 months post-surgery. Differentiation of adipocytes isolated from female and male Mito-Ob mice were studied with and without sex steroids. Gonadectomy significantly reduced body weight in Mito-Ob mice compared with sham-operated mice, whereas the opposite trend was observed in wild-type mice. These changes occurred independent of food intake. A corresponding decrease in adipose tissue weight was found in gonadectomized Mito-Ob mice, but depot-specific differences were observed in male and female. Gonadectomy improved glucose tolerance in male wild-type and Mito-Ob mice, but the effect was more pronounced in wild-type mice. Gonadectomy did not alter insulin sensitivity in male Mito-Ob mice, but it was improved in male wild-type mice. In primary cell cultures, testosterone inhibited adipocyte differentiation to a lesser extent in male Mito-Ob preadipocytes compared with the wild-type mice. On the other hand, preadipocytes from female wild-type mice showed better differentiation potential than those from female Mito-Ob mice in the presence of 17β-estradiol. PHB requires sex steroids for the development of obese phenotype in Mito-Ob mice, which differentially affect glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in male and female. It appears that PHB plays sex- and adipose depot-specific roles and involves additional factors. In vitro studies suggested that PHB differently influenced adipocyte differentiation in the presence and absence of sex steroids. Overall, this study along with available information in the literature indicated that a multifaceted relationship exists between PHB and sex steroids, which may work in a cell/tissue type- and sex-specific manner.
Mucosal gene expression vaccine: a novel vaccine strategy for respiratory syncytial virus (2003)

A number of approaches have been used in attempts to develop a safe and effective vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This article describes an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-DNA nanospheres [the mucosal gene expression vaccine (MGXV)], containing a mixture of plasmid DNAs encoding RSV antigens. In a mouse model of RSV infection, a single administration of MGXV (25 microg/mouse) results in a significant reduction of viral titers and viral antigen load after acute RSV infection of these mice. MGXV-treated mice show no significant change in airway reactivity to methacholine and no apparent pulmonary inflammation. Together these results demonstrate the potential of MGXV against acute RSV infection.
Transmit power self-calibration for residential UMTS/HSPA&#x002B; femtocells (2011)

Downlink transmit power calibration is critical for femtocell deployment to achieve a good tradeoff between downlink coverage and interference impact to a co-channel macrocell network. In this paper, we study the performance of a femtocell power calibration algorithm that uses mobile reports to learn key information such as required coverage region for its own users and amount of interference to non-allowed users to fine-tune the femtocell downlink transmit power. It is shown that such a scheme is able to adapt to different deployment scenarios and provides better control of coverage-interference tradeoff than that provided by algorithms based on Network Listen Module alone.
Method for reclaiming waste lubricating oils. [Patent application] (1976)

A method is described for purifying and reclaiming used lubricating oils containing additives such as detergents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents and the like and other solid and liquid contaminants. Preferably, the used oil is first vacuum distilled to remove water and low-boiling contaminants, and the dried oil is then treated with a solvent mixture of butanol, isopropanol and methylethyl ketone which causes the separation of a layer of sludge containing contaminants, unspent additives and oxidation products. After solvent recovery, the desludged oil is then subjected to conventional lubricating oil refining steps such as distillation followed by decolorization and deodorization.
ras p21 deletion mutants and monoclonal antibodies as tools for localization of regions relevant to p21 function. (1986)

Deletion mutants of the viral Harvey ras oncogene were generated by removing different lengths of the gene from either the amino or the carboxyl terminus. The deletion mutants, ras p21 expressed in Escherichia coli, yielded proteins of approximately 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, and 20 kDa. These proteins were utilized to identify epitopes recognized by a series of recently generated monoclonal antibodies as well as some previously reported monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies that inhibited GTP binding, a major biochemical activity of the p21 protein, recognized two major regions of the protein. These regions were localized from amino acids 5 to 69 and 107 to 164, respectively, and were separated by another stretch from residues 70 to 106, whose antigenic determinants were not directly involved in GTP binding. Thus, the mapping of epitopes within the p21 molecule recognized by monoclonal antibodies has made it possible to localize important functional regions within the ras p21 molecule.
A Technique for Locally Increasing Surface Heat Spreading and through-Thickness Thermal Conductivity of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates (1996)

The polymer matrix composite through-thickness thermal conductivity is particularly important in applications such as composite spaceborne electronics enclosures where the heat dissipation is primarily dependent on thermal conduction to a heat sink. The spreading of heat at the composite surface and subsequent localized conduction in the through-thickness direction down to high thermal conductivity fiber may be the key to designing a lightweight, thermally efficient enclosure. A finite element model was constructed of a composite with heat applied to a central area. The laminate consisted of a hybrid of high thermal conductivity pitch fiber/epoxy on the outside surfaces interlaminated with low thermal conductivity carbon fabric/epoxy. Three configurations were modeled: (A) a heat source in the middle, (B) Cu plating under the central heat source and (C) Cu plating under the heat source with a centrally located hole that was also Cu plated. The model with Cu on the surface under the heat source had a maximum surface temperature 35% lower than the model with no Cu to spread the heat. The model with a central Cu plated hole had a maximum surface temperature 58% lower than that with no Cu plating on the surface. Therefore, the surface Cu plating with Cu plated hole spreads the heat and increases the through-thickness thermal conductivity. Samples were prepared using the aforementioned hybrid pitch fiber/epoxy interlaminated with carbon fabric/epoxy laminates sandwiched between .015 mm thick Cu foil. In the fabricated samples, all Cu (except that in the immediate vicinity of the heat source) would be removed by etching. A drill size of 2.29 mm diameter and feed rate of 152 cm/min were selected to minimize pitch fiber damage and matrix smearing, which results in increased thermal resistivity. Some of the drilled holes were etched with sulfuric acid and Cu plated and some were just cleaned and Cu plated. SEM photomicrographs of the holes and of the hole edges showed no appreciable increase in Cu adherence of the etched over the unetched samples. The unetched samples appeared to have as intimate contact with the Cu as the etched samples. The etched samples had areas with thicker epoxy layers insulating the pitch fibers from the Cu. The co-cured surface Cu foil with and without a Cu plated hole to spread the heat and increase through-thickness thermal conductivity, respectively, are currently being incorporated into heat transfer test samples.
Carbon nanotube field emitters for nanoklystrons and other high frequency tube sources (2005)

Abstract—Traditional submillimeter-wave vacuum tube sources (backward wave oscillators), now available only from the former Soviet Union, have been a mainstay for generating modest amounts (mW) of narrow band (phase lockable) tunable CW RF power at frequencies from 50 to 1200 GHz. Recently groups in both Europe and the US have recognized the potential for producing these expensive, hand-assembled sources through monolithic techniques. A major step in this process is the forma-tion of the electron gun – typically a hot cathode operating at high temperature and requiring significant power. We have developed a cold field emission cathode based on multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles. This cathode can be integrated di-rectly onto a silicon circuit (as part of a monolithic process), has demonstrated emission at only a few volts/µm and current den-sities (unfocused) of more than 20A/cm2. This short paper sum-marizes the design, fabrication and applications for these new field emission devices as components in proposed monolithic terahertz vacuum tube sources. I.
Two-Level Dynamic Stochastic Optimal Power Flow Control for Power Systems With Intermittent Renewable Generation (2013)

High penetration of intermittent renewable energy imposes new challenges to the operation and control of power systems. Power system security needs to be ensured dynamically as the system operating condition continuously changes. The dynamic stochastic optimal power flow (DSOPF) control algorithm using the Adaptive Critic Designs (ACDs) has shown promising dynamic power flow control capability and has been demonstrated in a small system. To further investigate the potential of the DSOPF control algorithm for large power systems, a 70-bus test power system with different generation resources, including large wind plants, is developed. A two-level DSOPF control scheme is proposed in this paper to scale up the DSOPF algorithm for this 70-bus system. The lower-level area DSOPF controllers control their own area power network. The top-level global DSOPF controller coordinates the area controllers by adjusting the inter-area tie-line flows. This two-level architecture distributes the control and computation burden to multiple area DSOPF controllers, and reduces the training difficulty for implementing the DSOPF control for a large power network. Simulation studies on the 70-bus power system with large wind variation are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-level DSOPF control scheme.