gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time Illumination and Visual Coherence for Photorealistic Augmented/Mixed Reality (2020)

A realistically inserted virtual object in the real-time physical environment is a desirable feature in augmented reality (AR) applications and mixed reality (MR) in general. This problem is considered a vital research area in computer graphics, a field that is experiencing ongoing discovery. The algorithms and methods used to obtain dynamic and real-time illumination measurement, estimating, and rendering of augmented reality scenes are utilized in many applications to achieve a realistic perception by humans. We cannot deny the powerful impact of the continuous development of computer vision and machine learning techniques accompanied by the original computer graphics and image processing methods to provide a significant range of novel AR/MR techniques. These techniques include methods for light source acquisition through image-based lighting or sampling, registering and estimating the lighting conditions, and composition of global illumination. In this review, we discussed the pipeline stages with the details elaborated about the methods and techniques that contributed to the development of providing a photo-realistic rendering, visual coherence, and interactive real-time illumination results in AR/MR.
Anti-phenyltrimethylamino immunity in mice. II. L-Tyrosine-p-azophenyltrimethylammonium-induced suppressor T cells selectively inhibit the expression of B-cell clones bearing a cross-reactive idiotype. (1980)

The anti-phenyltrimethylamino (TMA) response in A/J mice is characterized by a cross-reactive idiotype(s) (CRI) that appears linked to the Ig-Ie allotype. These findings made it attractive to look for a CRI on T cells reactive to the same TMA determinant. Thus a suppressor T-cell (Ts) assay specific for L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltrimethylammonium [tyr(TMA)] was developed. A/J mice were primed with either tyr(TMA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), L-tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate [tyr(ABA)] in CFA, or with CFA alone. 6 wk later all mice were inoculated with TMA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) in CFA, boosted with soluble TMA-BSA 3 wk later, and plaqued 7 d after the soluble boost. Priming with tyr(TMA) in CFA resulted in 66% suppression of anti-TMA plaque-forming cells (PFC) as compared with control groups primed with tyr(ABA) in CFA or CFA alone. The suppression was shown to be mediated by Ts, as only T cells but not B cells from suppressed animals transfer the suppression in adoptive cell transfer experiments into lethally irradiated recipients. The profile of the anti-TMA PFC in the suppressed and nonsuppressed animals was examined via incorporation of anti-idiotypic sera (specific for CRI-TMA) into the plaquing medium. The results of these experiments indicate that the suppression of the major CRI+-TMA PFC was virtually complete, whereas the CRI--TMA PFC are left intact. When A/J mice were primed with idiotypic antisera (anti-Id) or normal rabbit serum (NRS) rather than with the antigen on CFA alone, and the same protocol was followed thereafter, the anti-Id-inoculated mice were suppressed by 63% when compared with the NRS-primed controls. Again the suppression could be accounted for by the exclusive elimination of CRI+ anti-TMA PFC. The possibility that the antigen-induced idiotype suppression may result from idiotypic restrictions between interacting CRI+-Ts and CRT+-B cells will be discussed.
MDVA: a distance-vector multipath routing protocol (2002)

Routing protocols using the distributed Bellman-Ford (DBF) algorithm converge very slowly to the correct routes when link costs increase, and in the case when a set of link failures results in a network partition, DBF simply fails to converge, a problem which is commonly referred to as the count-to-infinity problem. We present the first distance-vector routing algorithm, MDVA, that uses a set of loop-free invariants to prevent the count-to-infinity problem. MDVA, in addition, computes multipaths that are loop-free at every instant. In our earlier work we shows how such loop-free multipaths can be used in traffic load-balancing and minimizing delays, which otherwise are impossible to perform in current single-path routing algorithms.
Summary Abstract: Tungsten rich silicide/polysilicon (polycide) for MOS gates and interconnections (1983)

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10-Times Broadened Fast Optical Frequency Sweeping for High Spatial Resolution OFDR (2014)

We demonstrate a method for high spatial resolution OFDR by utilizing the high order modulation sideband. 10-times broadened optical frequency sweeping is achieved. 1.5-cm spatial resolution is obtained with modulation frequency sweeping span of 800 MHz.
Prolonged stability of brain natriuretic peptide: importance for non-invasive assessment of cardiac function in clinical practice (1998)

1.BNP and ANP are important research indices of severity of heart failure. However, uncertainty regarding the stability of these peptides at room temperature has limited their use to assess cardiac function in routine clinical practice. 2. We assessed the stability of BNP and ANP in blood samples left for 2 h or 2 days at room temperature compared with levels in blood processed immediately (initial). These times were chosen to reflect possible times for samples to be processed in a hospital outpatient clinic (2 h) or a blood sample posted to a laboratory from general practice (2 days). Samples were obtained from eight heart transplant recipients. Blood was separated and plasma stored immediately after collection (initial) and after 2 h or 2 days at room temperature respectively. 3. Initial plasma BNP and ANP values measured by radioimmunoassay after Sep-Pak extraction were 38.9+/-11.1(S.E.M.) pg/ml and 113.6+/-28.1 pg/ml, respectively. After 2 h at room temperature there was no significant fall in either peptide level (35.5+/-9.9 pg/ml, BNP; 104. 9+/-30.6 pg/ml, ANP). However, after 2 days at room temperature there was a significant fall in ANP to 38.1+/-12.6 pg/ml (P<0.005 versus initial level). In contrast, there was no significant fall in BNP after 2 days (32.0+/-8.4 pg/ml). After 2 days at room temperature only 30.4+/-4.3% of the ANP remained, but 86.0+/-5.0% of BNP compared with the initial ANP and BNP measurements. 4. Our study clearly showed that ANP is stable for 2 h and thus could be useful as a screening test for heart disease in hospital. In contrast, BNP remained stable for 2 days. Measuring BNP may thus be practical as a test of heart function both for routine use in hospital and by general practitioners in the community.
Advanced tomographic imaging methods for the analysis of materials (1991)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is being vigorously pursued as a nondestructive characterization tool for materials. The promise of measuring spin concentration, molecular mobility (via the spin-lattice (T1) and spin spin (T2) relaxation times), and chemical structure (by largely unrealized localized spectroscopy techniques) at various locations within a sample has resulted in initial applications in a wide variety of nonmedical areas. Sizes have ranged from tree trunks of 25-cm diameter to 'microscopic' studies on millimeter-sized objects at 50-100 um resolution. Because standard NMR imaging techniques are limited to observing molecularly mobile components, applications to date have concentrated on bulk elastomers, solvent diffusion, and liquids in porous inorganic materials such as ceramics and oil cores. Techniques are being developed for imaging of highly rigid materials, which is the subject of other papers in this proceedings. For standard NMR imaging techniques, the primary requirement for increased resolution is powerful gradients.
Taking Advantage of Wave Field Decomposition in Full Waveform Inversion (2013)

Full waveform inversion is a technique for determining the optimal model parameters by minimizing the data misfit. Depending on the frequency content of the data, the objective function may be highly non-linear. This problem particularly prevents the methods from recovering the low frequency components of the velocity model. In this paper, we propose a modified version to solve this problem by breaking the gradient formula into four terms after wave field decomposition and then by using proper terms to invert the high frequency and the low frequency components alternately. Numerical tests of a simple 2D synthetic model show that this new method is efficient at recovering the low frequency components of the velocity model, at least on this particular example.
Cryogen-free superconducting magnet system for multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance up to 12.1T (2006)

Multifrequency and high field/high frequency (HF) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a powerful spectroscopy for studying paramagnetic spin systems ranging from organic-free radicals to catalytic paramagnetic metal ion centers in metalloproteins. Typically, HF EPR experiments are carried out at resonant frequencies ν=95–300GHz and this requires magnetic fields of 3.4–10.7T for electronic spins with g≈2.0. Such fields could be easily achieved with superconducting magnets, but, unlike NMR, these magnets cannot operate in a persistent mode in order to satisfy a wide range of resonant fields required by the experiment. Operating and maintaining conventional passively cooled superconducting magnets in EPR laboratories require frequent transfer of cryogens by trained personnel. Here we describe and characterize a versatile cryogen-free magnet system for HF EPR at magnetic fields up to 12.1T that is suitable for ramping the magnetic field over the entire range, precision scans around the target field, and/or holding the field at the target value. We also demonstrate that in a nonpersistent mode of operation the magnetic field can be stabilized to better than 0.3ppm∕h over 15h period by employing a transducer-controlled power supply. Such stability is sufficient for many HF EPR experiments. An important feature of the system is that it is virtually maintenance-free because it is based on a cryogen-free technology and therefore does not require any liquid cryogens (liquid helium or nitrogen) for operation. We believe that actively cooled superconducting magnets are ideally suited for a wide range of HF EPR experiments including studies of spin-labeled nucleic acids and proteins, single-molecule magnets, and metalloproteins.
Modeling Speed Profiles of Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections (2011)

Turning vehicles need special attention in the context of the safety evaluation and improvement of signalized intersections. So far the safety assessment of intersections is mainly based on individual accident and conflict analyses. It might be possible in the future to complement these analyses with microscopic simulations. An important step into this direction is the modeling of speed profiles of turning vehicles. For a conflict analysis at the planning stage, these speed profiles with their stochastic character have to be predicted to assess different intersection layouts and signal settings and their impact on the likelihood and severity of conflicts. By using empirical data of vehicle trajectories collected at signalized intersections in Japan, a model is developed and presented, which provides stochastic speed profiles of free-flowing left- and right-turning vehicles. The speed profiles are sensitive to intersection layout and the vehicle speed and position at the beginning and ending of the maneuver. This model can be complemented by models reflecting the reaction to pedestrians, traffic signals, and other vehicles, which are beyond the scope of this paper, to provide a general framework for the generation of speed profiles of turning vehicles.
Atmospheric plasma enhances wettability and cell spreading on dental implant metals (2012)

Plasma treatment reduced contact angle and supported spreading of osteoblastic cells. The application of cold plasma may be supportive in the treatment of peri-implant lesions and may improve the process of re-osseointegration.
High-speed stochastic circuits using synchronous analog pulses (2017)

The primary advantages of stochastic computing are the very simple hardware required to implement complex operations, its ability to gracefully tolerate noise, and the skew tolerance. Its relatively long latency, however, is a potential barrier to widespread use of this paradigm, particularly when high accuracy is required. This work proposes a new, high-speed, yet accurate approach for implementing stochastic circuits that uses synchronized analog pulses as a new way of representing correlated stochastic numbers.
Effects of prostaglandin on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. (1989)

A single injection of a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha (fenprostalene; Syntex) on the day of calving or between days 14 and 21 after calving did not affect the calving to first service interval, the number of services per conception or the conception rate of dairy cows. In a second trial, cows calved more than 45 days were injected once weekly with prostaglandin F2 alpha (dinoprost; Upjohn) or fenprostalene until served at the first detected oestrus. The calving to first service interval and the conception rate were not affected. Following injection of either prostaglandin, the spread in the pattern of onset of oestrus and the range in the proportion of cows (75 to 98 per cent) seen in oestrus within seven days were similar. This variation in the time of onset of oestrus after the administration of prostaglandin precludes limiting oestrus detection to four or five days per week, and is a major limitation to the use of prostaglandins in breeding programmes in dairy cows.
CRISPR-Cas9 Targeting of <i>PCSK9</i> in Human Hepatocytes In Vivo—Brief Report (2016)

This work yields important information on the efficacy and safety of CRISPR-Cas9 therapy targeting the human PCSK9 gene in human hepatocytes in vivo, and it establishes humanized mice as a useful platform for the preclinical assessment of applications of somatic in vivo genome editing.
SynCAM1 expression correlates with restoration of central synapses on spinal motoneurons after two different models of peripheral nerve injury (2009)

SynCAM1 and neuroligins (NLGs) are adhesion molecules that govern synapse formation in vitro. In vivo, the molecules are expressed during synaptogenesis, and altered NLG function is linked to synapse dysfunction in autism. Less is known about SynCAM1 and NLGs in adult synapse remodeling. CNS synapse elimination occurs after peripheral nerve injury, which causes a transient decrease in synapse number on spinal motoneurons. Here we have studied the expression of SynCAM1 and NLGs in relation to changes in synaptic covering on spinal motoneurons. We performed sciatic nerve transection (SNT) or crush (SNC), axotomy models that result in poor or good conditions for axon regeneration, respectively. The two lesions resulted in similar synapse elimination and in poor (SNT) and good (SNC) return of synapses after 70 days. Functional recovery was good after SNC but absent after SNT. SynCAM1 mRNA decreased after 14 days in both models and was restored 70 days after SNC, but not after SNT. NLG2 and -3 mRNAs decreased to a smaller degree after SNC than after SNT. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity correlated with SynCAM1 mRNA 70 days after SNT and NLG2 mRNA 70 days after SNC. Surprisingly, an inverse correlation was seen between NLG3 mRNA and Vglut2, a marker for excitatory synapses, 70 days after SNT. We conclude that 1) SynCAM1 mRNA levels seem to reflect the loss and restoration of synapses on motoneurons, 2) down-regulation of NLGs is not a prerequisite for synapse elimination, and 3) expression of SynCAM1 and NLGs is regulated by different mechanisms during regeneration.
Comparison of PV system performance-model predictions with measured PV system performance (2008)

The U.S. Department of Energy has supported development of the Solar Advisor Model (SAM) to provide a common platform for evaluation of the solar energy technologies being developed with the support of the Department. This report describes a detailed comparison of performance-model calculations within SAM to actual measured PV system performance in order to evaluate the ability of the models to accurately predict PV system energy production. This was accomplished by using measured meteorological and irradiance data as an input to the models, and then comparing model predictions of solar and PV system parameters to measured values from co-located PV arrays. The submodels within SAM which were examined include four radiation models, three module performance models, and an inverter model. The PVWATTS and PVMod models were also evaluated.
Analysis of Sequence Upstream of the Endogenous <i>H19</i> Gene Reveals Elements Both Essential and Dispensable for Imprinting (2002)

Imprinting of the linked and oppositely expressed mouse H19 and Igf2 genes requires a 2-kb differentially methylated domain (DMD) that is located 2 kb upstream of H19. This element is postulated to function as a methylation-sensitive insulator. Here we test whether an additional sequence 5' of H19 is required for H19 and Igf2 imprinting. Because repetitive elements have been suggested to be important for genomic imprinting, the requirement of a G-rich repetitive element that is located immediately 3' to the DMD was first tested in two targeted deletions: a 2.9-kb deletion (Delta D MD Delta G) that removes the DMD and G-rich repeat and a 1.3-kb deletion (Delta G) removing only the latter. There are also four 21-bp GC-rich repetitive elements within the DMD that bind the insulator-associated CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) protein and are implicated in mediating methylation-sensitive insulator activity. As three of the four repeats of the 2-kb DMD were deleted in the initial 1.6-kb Delta DMD allele, we analyzed a 3.8-kb targeted allele (Delta 3.8kb-5'H19), which deletes the entire DMD, to test the function of the fourth repeat. Comparative analysis of the 5' deletion alleles reveals that (i) the G-rich repeat element is dispensable for imprinting, (ii) the Delta DMD and Delta DMD Delta G alleles exhibit slightly more methylation upon paternal transmission, (iii) removal of the 5' CTCF site does not further perturb H19 and Igf2 imprinting, suggesting that one CTCF-binding site is insufficient to generate insulator activity in vivo, (iv) the DMD sequence is required for full activation of H19 and Igf2, and (v) deletion of the DMD disrupts H19 and Igf2 expression in a tissue-specific manner.
Molecular Architecture of the Glucose 1-Phosphate Site in ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylases (2006)

ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (PPase), a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of starch and bacterial glycogen, catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-Glc from Glc-1-P and ATP. A homology model of the three-dimensional structure of the Escherichia coli enzyme complexed with ADP-Glc has been generated to study the substrate-binding site in detail. A set of amino acids in the model has been identified to be in close proximity to the glucose moiety of the ADP-Glc ligand. The role of these amino acids (Glu(194), Ser(212), Tyr(216), Asp(239), Phe(240), Trp(274), and Asp(276)) was studied by site-directed mutagenesis through the characterization of the kinetic properties and thermal stability of the designed mutants. All purified alanine mutants had 1 or 2 orders of magnitude lower apparent affinity for Glc-1-P compared with the wild type, indicating that the selected set of amino acids plays an important role in their interaction with the substrate. These amino acids, which are conserved within the ADP-Glc PPase family, were replaced with other residues to investigate the effect of size, hydrophobicity, polarity, aromaticity, or charge on the affinity for Glc-1-P. In this study, the architecture of the Glc-1-P-binding site is characterized. The model overlaps with the Glc-1-P site of other PPases such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa dTDP-Glc PPase and Salmonella typhi CDP-Glc PPase. Therefore, the data reported here may have implications for other members of the nucleotide-diphosphoglucose PPase family.
Palladium-Catalyzed γ-Selective and Stereospecific Allyl−Aryl Coupling between Acyclic Allylic Esters and Arylboronic Acids (2009)

Reactions between acyclic (E)-allylic acetates and arylboronic acids in the presence of a palladium catalyst prepared from Pd(OAc)2, phenanthroline (or bipyridine), and AgSbF6 (1:1.2:1) proceeded with excellent γ-selectivity to afford allyl−aryl coupling products with E-configuration. The reactions of α-chiral allylic acetates took place with excellent α-to-γ chirality transfer with syn stereochemistry to give allylated arenes with a stereogenic center at the benzylic position. The reaction tolerated a broad range of functional groups in both the allylic acetates and the arylboronic acids. Furthermore, γ-arylation of cinnamyl alcohol derivatives afforded gem-diarylalkane derivatives containing an unconjugated alkenic substituent. The synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by its utilization in an efficient synthesis of (+)-sertraline, an antidepressant agent. The observed γ-regioselectivity and E-1,3-syn stereochemistry were rationalized based on a Pd(II) mechanism involving transmetalation between a cationic mono(acyloxo)palladium(II) complex and arylboronic acid, and directed carbopalladation followed by syn-β-acyloxy elimination. The results of stoichiometric reactions of palladium complexes related to possible intermediates were fully consistent with the proposed mechanism.
β-Tubulin Isotypes Purified from Bovine Brain Have Different Relative Stabilities (1998)

The highly conserved nature and tissue specificity of the seven vertebrate beta-tubulin isotypes provide circumstantial evidence that functional differences among isotypes may exist in vivo. Compelling evidence from studies of bovine brain beta-isotypes indicated significant conformational and functional differences in vitro and implied that these differences could be related to in vivo function. A previously uninvestigated parameter of potential importance in assessing functional significance is molecular stability. We examined the relative stability of alphabetaII and alphabetaIII tubulin dimers purified from bovine brain. The use of probes to monitor the exposure of hydrophobic areas and sulfhydryls and the loss of colchicine binding, all of which are known to accompany tubulin's time-dependent loss of function, showed an acceleration of these criteria in alphabetaII relative to alphabetaIII when the isotypes were incubated at 37 degrees C. Studies using differential scanning calorimetry suggested that unfolding of the isotypes at approximately 60 degrees C and decay at 0 degrees C were both highly cooperative. It was also observed that alphabetaIII had a higher melting temperature and a larger population of molecules retaining tertiary structure after incubation at 0 degrees C for 20 h. These studies support the conclusion that alphabetaIII is significantly more stable than alphabetaII and raise the possibility that differences in relative stabilities of tubulin isotypes may be important in regulating the functional properties of microtubules in vivo.