gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Collision Mitigation Braking System Performance Through Real-Time Estimation of Tire-road Friction Coefficient by Means of Smart Tires (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the case of modern day vehicle control systems employing a feedback control structure, a real-time estimate of the tire-road contact parameters is invaluable for enhancing the performance of the chassis control systems such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESC) systems. However, at present, the commercially available tire monitoring systems are not equipped to sense and transmit high speed dynamic variables used for real-time active safety control systems. Consequently, under the circumstances of sudden changes to the road conditions, the driver's ability to maintain control of the vehicle maybe at risk. In many cases, this requires intervention from the chassis control systems onboard the vehicle. Although these systems perform well in a variety of situations, their performance can be improved if a real-time estimate of the tire-road friction coefficient is available. Existing tire-road friction estimation approaches often require certain levels of vehicle longitudinal and/or lateral motion to satisfy the persistence of excitation condition for reliable estimations. Such excitations may undesirably interfere with vehicle motion controls. This paper presents a novel development and implementation of a real-time tire-road contact parameter estimation methodology using acceleration signals from a smart/intelligent tire. The proposed method characterizes the terrain using the measured frequency response of the tire vibrations and provides the capability to estimate the tire road friction coefficient under extremely lower levels of force utilization. Under higher levels of force excitation (high slip conditions), the increased vibration levels due to the stick/slip phenomenon linked to the tread block vibration modes make the proposed tire vibrations based method unsuitable. Therefore for high slip conditions, a tire-road friction model-based parameter estimation approach is proposed. Hence an integrated approach using the smart/intelligent tire based friction estimator and the model based estimator gives us the capability to reliably estimate friction for a wider range of excitations. Considering the strong interdependence between the operating road surface condition and the instantaneous forces and moments generated; this real time estimate of the tire-road friction coefficient is expected to play a pivotal role in improving the performance of a number of vehicle control systems. In particular, this paper focuses on the possibility of enhancing the performance of collision mitigation braking systems.</div></div>
Effects of cuff inflation and deflation on pulse transit time measured from ECG and multi-wavelength PPG (2015)

Pulse transit time (PTT), which refers to the time it takes a pulse wave to travel between two arterial sites is a promising index for cuff-less blood pressure (BP) estimation, as well as non-invasive assessment of arterial functions. However, it has not been investigated whether PTTs measured from ECG and different wavelength PPG are equally affected by the arterial status. Furthermore, comparison between the changes of different PTTs can provide enlightenment on the hardware implementation of the PTT-based BP estimation method. This work mainly studied the changes of PTTs calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) and multi-wavelength photoplethysmogram (PPG) after exerting cuff pressure on the upper arm. A four-channel PPG acquisition system was developed to collect the multi-wavelength PPG signals of red, yellow, green and blue light at the fingertip simultaneously. Ten subjects participated in the experiment and their PTTs measured from different PPG and ECG signals before and after exerting cuff pressure were compared. This study found that within one minute after the four-minute cuff inflation and deflation process, the PTT measured from ECG and yellow PPG experienced a significant increase (p<;0.05) while the PTT from ECG and blue PPG had no statistical difference (p>0.9) compared with that before exerting cuff pressure. This indicates that PTTs calculated from different wavelength PPG have different recoverability from smooth muscle relaxation. Another interesting finding is that the PTT calculated from ECG and yellow PPG had a strong correlation (|r|>0.7) with the time difference between yellow PPG and other PPG signals, which implies the potential of the time difference between yellow PPG and other PPGs as a complementary to PTT-based model for blood pressure estimation.
New 5-substituted 1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazoles (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew 5-substituted 1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazolesBruno Cavalleri, Roberto Ballotta, Vittorio Arioli, and Giancarlo LanciniCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 557–560Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Nitrogenase Inhibition in Soybean Nodules (1990)

A novel, pulse-modulated spectroscopic system for measuring fractional leghemoglobin oxygenation and infected cell O(2) concentration (O(i)) in intact attached nodules of soybean (Glycine max) is described. The system is noninvasive and uses a pulsed (1000 Hertz) light-emitting diode coupled to an optical fiber to illuminate the nodule with light at 660 nanometer. A second optical fiber receives a portion of the light reflected from the nodule and directs this to a photodiode. A lock-in amplifier measures only the signal from the photodiode which is in phase with the pulsed light from the light-emitting diode, and the voltage output from the amplifier, proportional to reflectance, is used to calculate fractional leghemoglobin oxygenation and the nanomolar concentration of free O(2) in the infected cells of the nodule (O(i)). The system was used to show that inhibition of nitrogenase activity in soybean nodules by NO(3) (-) treatment, stem-girdling, continuous darkness, or nodule disturbance is caused by a reduction in O(i) and limitation of respiration in support of nitrogenase activity. A plot of nitrogenase activity (measured as peak H(2) evolution in Ar:O(2)) versus O(i) for the various treatments was consistent with the concept that O(i) limits in vivo nitrogenase activity in legume nodules under adverse conditions. The potential for using O(i) to estimate nitrogenase activity in laboratory and field-grown legumes is discussed.
Converting Low-Grade Heat Into Power Using a Supercritical Rankine Cycle With Zeotropic Mixture Working Fluid (2010)

A supercritical Rankine cycle using zeotropic mixture working fluids for the conversion of low-grade heat into power is proposed and analyzed in this paper. A supercritical Rankine cycle does not go through two-phase region during the heating process. By adopting zeotropic mixtures as the working fluids, the condensation process happens non-isothermally. Both of the features create a potential in reducing the irreversibility and improving the system efficiency. A comparative study between an organic Rankine cycle and the proposed supercritical Rankine cycle shows that the proposed cycle improves the cycle thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency of the heating and the condensation processes, and the system overall efficiency.
Combination Nanovaccine Demonstrates Synergistic Enhancement in Efficacy against Influenza (2016)

H5N1 influenza virus has the potential to become a significant global health threat, and next generation vaccine technologies are needed. In this work, the combined efficacy of two nanoadjuvant platforms (polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer-based hydrogels) to induce protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus was examined. Mice received two subcutaneous vaccinations (day 0 and 21) containing 10 μg of H5 hemagglutinin trimer alone or in combination with the nanovaccine platforms. Nanovaccine immunization induced high neutralizing antibody titers that were sustained through 70 days postimmunization. Finally, mice were intranasally challenged with A/H5N1 VNH5N1-PR8CDC-RG virus and monitored for 14 days. Animals receiving the combination nanovaccine had lower viral loads in the lung and weight loss after challenge in comparison to animals vaccinated with each platform alone. These data demonstrate the synergy between polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer-based hydrogels as adjuvants in the design of a more efficacious influenza vaccine.
Highly porous transcutaneous implants of varying material and pore geometry promote healing and in-growth of skin after surgical implantation into rabbits (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Continuous process for the production of vinyl acetate-ethylene emulsion copolymers (2000)

A lab-scale experimental program was conducted to determine the feasibility of producing vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) emulsion copolymers via a continuous reaction process, using poly(vinyl alcohol), or PVOH, as a protective colloid. A process configuration of multiple stirred-tanks in series was utilized. Comparisons were made between continuous and batch processes with regard to final-product properties. As expected, notable differences in the breadths of the particle-size distributions obtained via the two processes were observed. However, these differences did not appreciably alter product performance in tile-mortar applications (as measured by plywood-to-quarry-tile adhesive strengths). Additionally, for the continuous process, in-process and final-product samples were compared to determine how polymer properties varied with conversion.
Experimental demonstration of a pulsed, self-biasing depressed collector (2014)

High peak-power RF sources common to accelerator applications have ever-increasing electrical efficiency requirements. As such, SLAC is investigating methods to increase RF source efficiency for pulsed systems. A novel self-biasing depressed collector has been proposed. This paper is a description of the experimental demonstration of the technique.
Three-Dimensional Image. Depth Perception Distortion in a Stereoscopic Display and Its Correction. (1996)

An object that is reproduced by a stereoscopic display is perceived in front of the screen with depth distortion by human observers when the reproduced area of the object is truncated by a picture frame Experimental results suggest that (1) the occlusion condition, which contradicts a real three-dimensional situation (i.e, valid), causes this distortion, (2) observers, who misfuse a binocular image that includes the monocular region perceive the frontal-parallel plane as a slanted one, (3) this misperception is caused because the process of the information synthesis between the pictorial and binocular occlusion cues depend on the binocular disparity sign (i.e, it is caused when real world constraints were not satisfied) We show that adding a virtual picture frame (VFM : virtual frame) in front of the real screen enables human observers to perceive the correct depth.
FPGA implemented real time computational coherent averaging algorithm for dual-comb spectroscopy (2020)

We report a FPGA implementation of coherent averaging for dual comb spectroscopy and demonstrate with free-running combs a 7 times improvement in random noise as compared with post-processed raw data given the same acquisition time.
Sensitivity enhancement in grating coupled surface plasmon resonance by azimuthal control (2009)

We present a method for improving the sensing capability of grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) sensors. The grating is rotated azimuthally (phi) until the excitation of double surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) by a single wavelength is possible. Close to this condition, further tuning of the incident wavelength will merge the double SPPs into a multi-SPP resonance which is angularly broad but spectrally sharp. This is the condition where the momentum vector of the propagating SPP is perpendicular to the incident light momentum. We demonstrate this sensitivity enhancement on a Au grating surface using a dodecanethiol (C12) self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Using this method, a shift in resonance angle as large as 3 degrees can be observed. The simulated sensitivity of this method shows that a sensitivity up to 800 degrees /RIU is achievable, which is one order of magnitude greater than that in a conventional fixed grating (phi = 0 degrees ) as well as the prism-coupled Kretschmann configuration.
Doping-spike PtSi Schottky infrared detectors with extended cutoff wavelengths (1995)

A technique incorporating a p/sup +/ doping spike at the silicide/Si interface to reduce the effective Schottky barrier of the silicide infrared detectors and thus extend the cutoff wavelength has been developed. In contrast to previous approaches which relied on the tunneling effect, this approach utilizes a thinner doping spike (<2 nm) to take advantage of the strong Schottky image force near the silicide/Si interface and thus avoid the tunneling effect. The critical thickness, i.e., the maximum spike thickness without the tunneling effect has been determined and the extended cutoff wavelengths have been observed for the doping-spike PtSi Schottky infrared detectors. Thermionic-emission-limited and thermally assisted tunneling dark current characteristics were observed for detectors with spikes thinner and thicker than the critical thickness, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>‐Arylation of Aromatic Alcohols with a Readily Attachable and Cleavable Molecular Scaffold (2016)

A palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H arylation process of alcohols has been developed. The strategy utilizes a novel quinoline-based hemiacetal scaffold that can direct the selective C-H bond functionalization. This reaction provides a useful method to construct biaryl compounds of benzyl alcohols in good to excellent yields. The new molecular scaffold can be readily attached, removed, and recovered.
Fast semi-automatic semantic annotation for spoken dialog systems (2004)

This paper describes a bootstrapping methodology for semi– automatic semantic annotation of a “mini–corpus” that is conventionally annotated manually to train an initial parser used in natural language understanding (NLU) systems. We propose to cast the problem of semantic annotation as a classification problem: each word is assigned a unique set of semantic tag(s) and/or label(s) from the universal tag/label set. This approach enables “local” semantic annotation resulting in partially annotated sentences. The proposed method reduces the annotation time and cost that forms a major bottleneck in the development of NLU systems. We present a set of experiments conducted on the medical domain “mini– corpus” that contains 10K hand–annotated sentences. Three annotation methods are compared: parser (baseline), similarity and classification–based annotations. The support vector machine (SVM) based classification scheme is shown to outperform both similarity and parsed–based annotation.
Laminin-511 but Not -332, -111, or -411 Enables Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal In Vitro (2008)

We tested specific laminin (LN) isoforms for their ability to serve as substrata for maintaining mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells pluripotent in vitro in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor or any other differentiation inhibitors or feeder cells. Recombinant human LN-511 alone was sufficient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog, during the entire period, and cells cultured for 95 days (17 passages) were used to generate chimeric mice. LN-332 enabled ES cells proliferation but not pluripotency. In contrast, under the same conditions LN-111, Matrigel, and gelatin caused rapid differentiation, whereas LN-411 and poly-d-lysine did not support survival. ES cells formed a thin monolayer on LN-511 that differed strikingly from typical dense cluster ES cell morphology. However, expression of pluripotency markers was not affected by morphological changes. The effect was achieved at low ES cell density (<200 cell/mm(2)). The ability of LN-511 and LN-332 to support ES cell proliferation correlated with increased cell contact area with those adhesive substrata. ES cells interacted with LN-511 via beta1-integrins, mostly alpha6beta1 and alphaVbeta1. This is the first demonstration that certain extracellular matrix molecules can support ES cell self-renewal in the absence of differentiation inhibitors and at low cell density. The results suggest that recombinant laminin isoforms can provide a basis for defined surface coating systems for feeder-free maintenance of undifferentiated mammalian ES cells in vitro. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Construction of Steel Pipe Sheet Piles with Newly Developed Joint System (2007)

H-joint in steel pipe sheet piles (SPSP) is introduced and developed, the joint is made by welding a cylindrical steel pile on either side of an H steel section, welding is continuous along their lengths therefore it is completely waterproof with high strength; the two connected piles are installed simultaneously hence short construction time is required. It is shown through full-scale field construction tests using 3 existing SPSP installation methods, that construction of H-joint SPSP is practical and have high construction accuracy of 1/250~1/1400. A segment joint for connecting two H-joint SPSP segments in the field is proposed and evaluated for bending strength. It was observed that (1) failure of the segment joint did not occur and that failure of the material was due to local buckling at the bending section of the pipe pile (2) Bending strength capacity of the continuous SPSP and SPSP with segment joint is nearly equal (3) Load on the main piles is transferred to H steel when development of plastic zone in main piles occurs and then transferred to the splice plate. A segment cutting test is conducted to show that cutting of temporary portions of H-joint SPSP segment is practical and easy.
Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Metal Organic Frameworks (2013)

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated in the last decade to be competent catalysts for asymmetric transformations. In a few years, asymmetric catalysts based on MOFs have rapidly evolved from simple Lewis acid catalysts to complex and robust systems that exhibit enhanced activity, unique selectivity, enzyme‐like behavior, and a high degree of recyclability. This chapter provides a view of the current state of the art in asymmetric catalysis by MOFs.
Fluorine‐Enhanced Room Temperature Luminescence of Er‐Doped Crystalline Silicon (2022)

The silicon‐based light‐emitting devices are the bottleneck of fully integrated silicon photonics. Doping silicon with erbium (often along with oxygen) is an attractive approach to turn silicon into a luminescent material, which has been explored for decades. One of the main challenges is the strong thermal quenching effect that results in weak photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. Herein, it is shown that the co‐doping of fluorine with erbium ions can significantly suppress the thermal quenching effect and Auger recombination, resulting in a three‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in PL compared to Er/O‐doped crystalline silicon. As a result, relatively strong PL is observed from fluorine‐doped silicon at room temperature.
In‐Depth Analysis of the Degradation Mechanisms of High‐Nickel, Low/No‐Cobalt Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2021)

Abstract A rational compositional design of high‐nickel, cobalt‐free layered oxide materials for high‐energy and low‐cost lithium‐ion batteries would be expected to further propel the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), yet a composition with satisfactory electrochemical properties has yet to emerge. The previous work has demonstrated a promising LiNi 0.883 Mn 0.056 Al 0.061 O 2 (NMA‐89) composition that outperformed high‐nickel, cobalt‐containing analogs in cycling stability and maintained a comparable rate performance and thermal stability. Herein, the capacity fading mechanism of NMA‐89 in a pouch full cell with a 4.2 V cutoff is compared to that of its cobalt‐containing analogs. The results reveal that particle cracking in LiNi 0.89 Mn 0.055 Co 0.055 O 2 (NMC‐89) and LiNi 0.883 Co 0.053 Al 0.064 O 2 (NCA‐89) leads to a loss of active material and an increase in surface area, thereby exacerbating structural and surface instabilities, accelerating impedance and polarization growth, and ultimately reducing their capacity retentions. LiNi 0.89 Mn 0.044 Co 0.042 Al 0.013 Mg 0.011 O 2 (NMCAM‐89) and NMA‐89 experience subdued surface reactions and maintain spherical particle structures, both of which are conducive to their capacity retentions during long‐term cycling. This investigation offers insights into how specific transition‐metal ions dictate the electrochemical stability of high‐Ni layered oxide cathode materials, highlights the benefit of Mn‐Al combination in NMA‐89, and presents potential strategies to further enhance the performance of this novel class of cathode materials.