gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-task Learning for Chest X-ray Abnormality Classification on Noisy Labels (2019)

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the most common X-ray examination performed in daily clinical practice for the diagnosis of various heart and lung abnormalities. The large amount of data to be read and reported, with 100+ studies per day for a single radiologist, poses a challenge in maintaining consistently high interpretation accuracy. In this work, we propose a method for the classification of different abnormalities based on CXR scans of the human body. The system is based on a novel multi-task deep learning architecture that in addition to the abnormality classification, supports the segmentation of the lungs and heart and classification of regions where the abnormality is located. We demonstrate that by training these tasks concurrently, one can increase the classification performance of the model. Experiments were performed on an extensive collection of 297,541 chest X-ray images from 86,876 patients, leading to a state-of-the-art performance level of 0.883 AUC on average for 12 different abnormalities. We also conducted a detailed performance analysis and compared the accuracy of our system with 3 board-certified radiologists. In this context, we highlight the high level of label noise inherent to this problem. On a reduced subset containing only cases with high confidence reference labels based on the consensus of the 3 radiologists, our system reached an average AUC of 0.945.
Tumescent Injections in Subcutaneous Pig Tissue Disperse Fluids Volumetrically and Maintain Elevated Local Concentrations of Additives for Several Hours, Suggesting a Treatment for Drug Resistant Wounds (2020)

Given the evidence for dense fluid dispersal and several-hour residence time, a procedure is proposed whereby tumescent antibiotic injections are used to treat drug-resistant skin infections and chronic wounds that extend into the subcutaneous tissue. The procedure has the potential to effectively treat otherwise untreatable wounds by keeping drug concentrations above minimum inhibitory levels for extended lengths of time.
Ion beam modification of topological insulator bismuth selenide (2014)

We demonstrate chemical doping of a topological insulator Bi2Se3 using ion implantation. Ion beam-induced structural damage was characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ion damage was reversed using a simple thermal annealing step. Carrier-type conversion was achieved using ion implantation followed by an activation anneal in Bi2Se3 thin films. These two sets of experiments establish the feasibility of ion implantation for chemical modification of Bi2Se3, a prototypical topological insulator. Ion implantation can, in principle, be used for any topological insulator. The direct implantation of dopants should allow better control over carrier concentrations for the purposes of achieving low bulk conductivity. Ion implantation also enables the fabrication of inhomogeneously doped structures, which in turn should make possible new types of device designs.
Prandial Insulin Dosing Using Run-to-Run Control (2007)

We have shown how engineering methods can be melded with medical expertise to develop and refine a dosing algorithm. This algorithm has the potential of drastically simplifying the determination of correct insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios.
Microstrip reflectarray with elements having variable rotation angles (2002)

Two Ka-band, half-meter diameter, circularly polarized microstrip reflectarrays have been developed. One has identical square patches with variable-length phase delay lines. The other uses identical square patches and delay lines with variable element rotation angles. Although both antennas demonstrated excellent efficiencies, adequate bandwidths, and low average sidelobe and cross-pol levels, the one with variable rotation angles achieved superior overall performance. It is believed that these are electrically the largest microstrip reflectarrays (6924 elements with 42 dB gain) ever developed. It is also the first time that circular polarization has been actually demonstrated using microstrip patch elements. It is known that, if a circularly polarized antenna element is rotated from its original position by /spl psi/ degrees, the phase of the element will be either advanced or delayed by the same /spl psi/ degrees. Hence, the technique of rotating circularly polarized elements to achieve the required phases for a conventional array to scan its beam has been previously demonstrated. This technique was also demonstrated for a spiraphase reflectarray where physically large spiral elements with discrete and limited switchable phase states were used to scan the beam. Here small and low-profile printed microstrip elements are used in a reflectarray with continuous variable angular rotations to achieve far-field phase coherence. It has been previously proposed that a controllable miniature or micro-machined motor can be placed under each patch element of a reflectarray to scan the beam to wide angular directions. By doing so, the high-cost/high-loss phase shifters, T/R modules, and beamformer are no longer needed in a beam scanning antenna.
Natural Language Generation in Dialogue using Lexicalized and Delexicalized Data (2017)

Natural language generation plays a critical role in spoken dialogue systems. We present a new approach to natural language generation for task-oriented dialogue using recurrent neural networks in an encoder-decoder framework. In contrast to previous work, our model uses both lexicalized and delexicalized components i.e. slot-value pairs for dialogue acts, with slots and corresponding values aligned together. This allows our model to learn from all available data including the slot-value pairing, rather than being restricted to delexicalized slots. We show that this helps our model generate more natural sentences with better grammar. We further improve our model’s performance by transferring weights learnt from a pretrained sentence auto-encoder. Human evaluation of our best-performing model indicates that it generates sentences which users find more appealing.
Terahertz interferometric imaging of RDX (2007)

Experimental results of homodyne terahertz interferometric 2-D imaging of RDX are presented. Continuous waves at 0.25-0.6 THz are used to obtain images of a C-4 sample at several THz frequencies. The performance of an <i>N</i> element detector array is imitated by only one detector placed at <i>N</i> positions. The distance between the C-4 sample and the detector array is ~30 cm. By taking interferometric images at several THz frequencies RDX can be recognized by the spectral peak at 0.82 THz. Simulations of interferometric images of two point sources of spherical waves are presented. The terahertz interferometric imaging method can be used in defense and security applications to detect concealed weapons, explosives as well as chemical and biological agents.
Structure-driven optimizations for amorphous data-parallel programs (2010)

Irregular algorithms are organized around pointer-based data structures such as graphs and trees, and they are ubiquitous in applications. Recent work by the Galois project has provided a systematic approach for parallelizing irregular applications based on the idea of optimistic or speculative execution of programs. However, the overhead of optimistic parallel execution can be substantial. In this paper, we show that many irregular algorithms have structure that can be exploited and present three key optimizations that take advantage of algorithmic structure to reduce speculative overheads. We describe the implementation of these optimizations in the Galois system and present experimental results to demonstrate their benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system to exploit algorithmic structure to optimize the execution of irregular programs.
An efficient WLS estimator for target localization in wireless sensor networks (2016)

This work considers the problem of target localization in a 3-D space, using coupled measurements of angle of arrival (AoA) and received signal strength (RSS). By applying the transformation from Cartesian to spherical coordinates and by taking advantage of the available AoA observations, we establish novel relationships between the measurements and the unknown target location. From these relationships, we derive a simple closed-form solution estimator. Simulation results validate the remarkable performance of the proposed estimator, both in terms of estimation accuracy and execution time.
Multi-view image inpainting with sparse representations (2015)

This paper proposes a patch based image inpainting algorithm for multi-view images. In our framework we fill the holes which are created by removing objects from an image pair. We assume that a user provides two masks to remove objects from an image pair. Our algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage we align the images and construct an exemplar dictionary with the patches sampled from the reference as well as the warped image. In the second stage, the reference image is iteratively filled by choosing patches along the boundary of the hole. We use l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization framework to estimate the unknown pixels. This proposed method is observed to outperform existing techniques that are built upon exemplar based sparse reconstruction.
Relationship of Suppression of the Androgenic Axis by Cobalt-Protoporphyrin to Its Effects on Weight Loss and Hepatic Heme Oxygenase Induction (1987)

Cobalt-protoporphyrin administration to adult male rats results in an intense induction of hepatic heme oxygenase, a pronounced decline of cytochrome P-450 content in liver and associated metabolic abnormalities, including a dose-dependent decrease in weight gain and a marked decline in serum concentrations of testosterone without a compensatory increase in serum luteinizing hormone levels. These abnormalities persist for at least 5-6 weeks after a single subcutaneous dose of the metalloporphyrin (25 mumol/kg b.w.). Experiments with pair-fed control and metalloporphyrin-treated rats indicated that the androgenic dysfunction produced by cobalt-protoporphyrin is not causally related to the associated weight loss produced by the compound. Hepatic heme oxygenase activity was markedly induced by cobalt-protoporphyrin as expected; the enzyme activity was not altered in hypothalami of treated rats but was elevated (approximately 5-fold) in pooled pituitaries. However, despite the expected decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, no changes were noted in cytochrome P-450 content of hypothalami or pituitaries. In experiments in which the enhanced heme oxygenase activity produced in liver by cobalt-protoporphyrin was completely antagonized by tin-protoporphyrin, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, neither the endocrine suppression nor the weight loss produced by cobalt-protoporphyrin was altered. These phenomena were thus clearly dissociated from the effects of cobalt-protoporphyrin on heme oxygenase. Whether or not cobalt-protoporphyrin acts centrally to impair both appetite and endocrine control mechanisms could not be determined in these experiments, but remains a possible explanation of the novel actions of this synthetic heme analogue.
First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato in South Georgia (1999)

In October 1998, symptoms characteristic of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were observed on fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in four production fields, two in Decatur County, Georgia, and two in Gadsden County, Florida. Symptoms observed were plant stunting, reduced leaf size, yellow leaf margins, and mottling. The incidence of symptomatic plants was less than 1% in all fields examined. In most cases, symptoms were observed only on the upper portion of plants, suggesting these plants had been infected by secondary spread from an unknown source. Nuclear inclusions characteristic of geminiviruses were observed by light microscopy in leaf tissue from symptomatic plants (1). To identify the geminivirus, total DNA from infected plants was extracted from six symptomatic tomato plants (two from Georgia and four from Florida) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR; J. E. Polston, personal communication). DNA was amplified with geminivirus DNA A degenerate primer set PAL1v1978 and PAR1c496 (2) from these extracts in addition to extracts from a known TYLCV-infected, a tomato mottle virus (ToMoV)-infected, and a healthy tomato plant. A PCR product of 1.4 kb was obtained from plants with TYLCV-like symptoms, while a 1.4-kb product and a 1.1-kb product were obtained from extracts of the known TYLCV-infected and ToMoV-infected tomato plants, respectively. No PCR product was obtained from extracts of healthy tomato plants. The 1.4-kb PCR products from one Georgia sample and one Florida sample were compared with those of TYLCV and ToMoV by restriction enzyme (RE) digestion with EcoRI and ClaI. The RE pattern of the 1.4-kb fragment from both samples was identical to the RE pattern of TYLCV and different from that of ToMoV. Adult and immature whiteflies collected from the fields where TYLCV was found were identified as Bemisia tabaci, the vector of TYLCV, but the biotype was not established. This report of TYLCV in south Georgia and north Florida extends the geographic range of TYLCV in the U.S. northward approximately 100 km. Georgia is the second state in which TYLCV was found since its initial detection in south Florida in July 1997 (J. E. Polston, personal communication). Monitoring of silverleaf whitefly populations and detection of TYLCV on alternate hosts will continue in order to estimate the potential impact of this virus on south Georgia and north Florida agriculture. References: (1) R. G. Christie and J. R. Edwardson. Plant Dis. 70:273, 1986, (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
Novel rifamycins. IV. 3-Aminomethylazinomethylrifamycins, a new class of rifamycins, endowed with remarkable antibacterial activity. (1984)

The synthesis and the biological activities of the new compounds 1, endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic behavior, are described. In particular, compound 1a has been chosen for further investigations.
Error Mitigation for Universal Gates on Encoded Qubits (2021)

The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error-correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally, it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such as the T gate, to achieve universality. Common methods to implement fault-tolerant T gates, e.g., magic state distillation, generate a significant hardware overhead that will likely prevent their practical usage in the near-term future. Recently, methods have been developed to mitigate the effect of noise in shallow quantum circuits that are not protected by error correction. Error mitigation methods require no additional hardware resources but suffer from a bad asymptotic scaling and apply only to a restricted class of quantum algorithms. In this Letter, we combine both approaches and show how to implement encoded Clifford+T circuits where Clifford gates are protected from noise by error correction while errors introduced by noisy encoded T gates are mitigated using the quasiprobability method. As a result, Clifford+T circuits with a number of T gates inversely proportional to the physical noise rate can be implemented on small error-corrected devices without magic state distillation. We argue that such circuits can be out of reach for state-of-the-art classical simulation algorithms.
Antibody to group B Streptococcus type III in human sera measured by a mouse protection test (1981)

Antibody to group B Streptococcus type III (GBS-III) was measured in human plasma and sera by using a test which measures the ability to protect outbred albino mice from an intraperitoneal challenge of GBS-III calculated to be lethal to 90% of the mice (LD90 dose). Of three samples from three different lots of commercial human immune serum globulin, none were protective despite the presence of antibody to the native type III polysaccharide. Nine specimens were tested from recipients of multivalent pneumococcal vaccine, and none were protective. Five specimens were tested from recipients of GBS-III polysaccharide vaccines who had responded with greater than 50 micrograms of specific antibody per ml in the blood. All of these were protective and could be diluted to titers of 1:10 to 1:40. Of two prevaccination sera with low levels of specific antibody, neither was protective. An unexpected finding which may limit the sensitivity of the mouse protection assay was that the human immune serum globulin and human serum with a very low level of antibody appeared to increase the lethality of the GBS-III test strain, resulting in LD50 values reduced to 0.01 of the usual LD50.
Segmented ray casting for data parallel volume rendering (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Segmented ray casting for data parallel volume rendering Author: William M. Hsu View Profile Authors Info & Claims PRS '93: Proceedings of the 1993 symposium on Parallel renderingNovember 1993 Pages 7–14https://doi.org/10.1145/166181.166182Published:01 November 1993Publication History 59citation769DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations59Total Downloads769Last 12 Months58Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Development of ASG-15ME, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting <i>SLITRK6</i> , a New Urothelial Cancer Biomarker (2016)

SLITRK6 is a member of the SLITRK family of neuronal transmembrane proteins that was discovered as a bladder tumor antigen using suppressive subtractive hybridization. Extensive immunohistochemistry showed SLITRK6 to be expressed in multiple epithelial tumors, including bladder, lung, and breast cancer as well as in glioblastoma. To explore the possibility of using SLITRK6 as a target for an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), we generated a panel of fully human mAbs specific for SLITRK6. ADCs showed potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity after conjugation to Monomethyl Auristatin E or Monomethyl Auristatin F. The most potent ADC, ASG-15ME, was selected as the development candidate and given the product name AGS15E. ASG-15ME is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer. This is the first report that SLITRK6 is a novel antigen in bladder cancer and also the first report of the development of ASG-15ME for the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1301-10. ©2016 AACR.
Reconfigurable Channel Slicing and Stitching for an Optical Signal to Enable Fragmented Bandwidth Allocation Using Nonlinear Wave Mixing and an Optical Frequency Comb (2017)

A scheme for reconfigurable channel slicing and stitching is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By employing optical nonlinear wave mixing and a coherent frequency comb, a single channel spectrum is sliced and redistributed into fragmented frequency slots, which can be stitched together to recover the original channel at the receiver. This approach is verified through a single channel experiment with the modulation formats of quadrature phase-shift keying and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. The system exhibits less than 1.5% error-vector-magnitude deterioration and no more than 2-dB optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty, compared to a back-to-back baseline. To demonstrate robustness of the scheme, different parameters of the channel slices are varied, such as relative phase offset, relative amplitude, and the number of slices. A 10-km transmission experiment is also conducted and the additional system penalty is negligible. This scheme is used to experimentally demonstrate fragmented channel bandwidth allocation in a dense 6-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing system. The incoming 20-Gbaud optical channel is successfully reallocated into two fragmented frequency slots and reconstructed at the receiver.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Necklace‐Like Graphene Nanoribbons (2015)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with an unprecedented "necklace-like" structure were synthesized through a bottom-up chemical approach, based on the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tailor-made polyphenylene precursors. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of 84 sp(2) carbons (C84) was also synthesized and characterized as a model compound. Characterizations by a combination of MALDI-TOF MS and FTIR, Raman, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy validated the formation of the necklace-like GNRs. The absorption spectrum and DFT calculations revealed a bandgap of approximately 1.4 eV for this novel GNR system, which has not been attained with other GNR structures, enabling further fine-tuning of GNR bandgaps by structural modulation.
Online convolutional dictionary learning for multimodal imaging (2017)

Computational imaging methods that can exploit multiple modalities have the potential to enhance the capabilities of traditional sensing systems. In this paper, we propose a new method that reconstructs multimodal images from their linear measurements by exploiting redundancies across different modalities. Our method combines a convolutional group-sparse representation of images with total variation (TV) regularization for high-quality multimodal imaging. We develop an online algorithm that enables the unsupervised learning of convolutional dictionaries on large-scale datasets that are typical in such applications. We illustrate the benefit of our approach in the context of joint intensity-depth imaging.
Photoluminescence of plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate films (1993)

The photoluminescence properties of plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate films are investigated. The photoluminescence is a fluorescence rather than a phosphorescence process with a lifetime on the order of a few nanoseconds. The photoluminescence is a one-photon volume effect. The wavelength span of the photoluminescence using suitable UV excitation can reach over 300 nm with a FWHM exceeding 200 nm. These photoluminescent films may find potential applications in wavelength transformers for solar cells or as a gain medium for tunable solid-state dye lasers.
New Human Transforming Genes Detected by a Tumorigenicity Assay (1984)

We have developed a sensitive bioassay for transforming genes based on the tumorigenicity of cotransfected NIH3T3 cells in nude mice. The assay differs substantially from the NIH3T3 focus assay. Using it, we have detected the transfer of three transforming genes from the DNA of MCF-7, a human mammary carcinoma cell line. One of these is N-ras, which is amplified in MCF-7 DNA. The other two, which we have called mcf2 and mcf3, do not appear to be related to known oncogenes. We cannot detect their transfer by using the NIH3T3 focus assay. We do not yet know whether either mcf2 or mcf3 is associated with genetic abnormalities in MCF-7 cells.
In‐Situ End‐Group Functionalization of Regioregular Poly(3‐alkylthiophene) Using the Grignard Metathesis Polymerization Method (2004)

A facile one‐step synthetic method to functionalize regioregular polythiophene is described (see Figure). End‐group functionalization leads to a number of new uses for these polymers including end‐group‐driven self‐assembly onto surfaces and into conducting polymer networks, and their use as building blocks for the synthesis of block copolymers.