gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A strong and ductile medium-entropy alloy resists hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion (2020)

Strong and ductile materials that have high resistance to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are rare and yet essential for realizing safety-critical energy infrastructures, hydrogen-based industries, and transportation solutions. Here we report how we reconcile these constraints in the form of a strong and ductile CoNiV medium-entropy alloy with face-centered cubic structure. It shows high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement at ambient temperature at a strain rate of 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, due to its low hydrogen diffusivity and the deformation twinning that impedes crack propagation. Moreover, a dense oxide film formed on the alloy's surface reduces the hydrogen uptake rate, and provides high corrosion resistance in dilute sulfuric acid with a corrosion current density below 7 μA cm<sup>-2</sup>. The combination of load carrying capacity and resistance to harsh environmental conditions may qualify this multi-component alloy as a potential candidate material for sustainable and safe infrastructures and devices.
A Parallel SGD method with Strong Convergence (2013)

This paper proposes a novel parallel stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method that is obtained by applying parallel sets of SGD iterations (each set operating on one node using the data residing in it) for finding the direction in each iteration of a batch descent method. The method has strong convergence properties. Experiments on datasets with high dimensional feature spaces show the value of this method.
Smart2: Smart Charging for Smart Phones (2015)

In this paper, we present Smart2, an advanced smartphone charger that mitigates battery's capacity fading, which until now has usually been ignored. Smart2 exploits the fact that many users charge their phones over night. Since the overnight charging duration is unnecessarily long, the battery is subjected to a high average state of charge (SOC), which accelerates battery aging. Therefore, we delay the charging adaptively to be done shortly before the phone is unplugged. With this scheme, clearly when averaged over the duration of the night, the average SOC is lower and hence aging is reduced. Indicators are a set alarm clock and/or statistics of previous usage. Similarly, we lower the maximum target SOC. To enable this, the main challenges are firstly to find a solution that does not negatively influence the usability and secondly to quantify the achieved savings in terms of aging mitigation. Towards this, we propose a novel charging scheme which can be implemented in the smartphone's firmware. Furthermore, we propose a modified battery charging device that can be used with almost all existing smart phone models. Using our proposed techniques, the average battery cycle life can be nearly doubled from 3.7 to 6.6 years.
Luminescence parameters of PbX{sub 2} (X = F, Cl, Br, I) crystals (1994)

Spectral and kinetic parameters of PbX{sub 2} (X = F, Cl, Br, I) crystals emission are investigated under pulse photo- ({Delta}t = 1.0 ns) and X-ray ({Delta}t = 1.5 ns) excitation in the temperature region from 77 to 293 K. X-ray luminescence of the PbF{sub 2}, PbCl{sub 2} and PbBr{sub 2} crystals is considered as radiative decay of the self-trapped excitons at the defects, while subnanosecond and nanosecond emission components are regarded to the result of the thermal quenching. The nature of the fast X-ray luminescence for PbI{sub 2} crystals is discussed from the viewpoint of the possibility for observation of radiative core-valence transition.
Reaction of phthalic anhydride with ethyl cyanoacetate: a route to the 2H-indeno[2,1 -c]pyridine-1,9-dione, 2H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridine-3,9-dione, 2H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine-3,9-dione, and indeno[2,1-c]pyran-1,9-dione systems (1977)

The Knoevenagel condensation of phthalic anhydride with ethyl Cyanoacetate gives (Z)-ethyl 2-carbamoyl-8-cyano-3-hydroxybenzofulvene-8-carboxylate (2) in good yield. This compound provides a ready entry into the 2H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridine-1,9-dione, 2H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridine-3,9-dione, 2H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine-3,9-dione, and indeno[2,1-c]pyran-1,9-dione systems.
A new scheme for improving the utilisation of nested-cloud resources (2019)

In recent years, cloud computing has played an important role in IT fields. It brings benefits such as high computing efficiency, cost saving, provisioning on-demand of computing resources and high utilisation of the hardware. However, with more fields and businesses involved in cloud computing, the inherent problems in its structure are restricting the further development of cloud computing. And the most serious problem is how to maximumly achieve the high-usage of the cloud resources. In this paper, we present a scheme based on multi-layer nested virtualisation technology. It can make full use of the allocations of a virtual machine (VM) provided by an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) provider. Furthermore, we also propose a task scheduling approach for nested cloud environment correspondingly. The task scheduling algorithm considers both the computing efficiency and the monetary costs paid for the cloud service. In order to justify our proposal, we use KVM as unmodified multiple hypervisor to run multi-layer VMs on x86 platform. We also do simulations to test our task scheduling algorithm. And the result shows encouraging support for our proposal.
The Electroantennographic Detector — a Selective and Sensitive Tool in the Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Insect Pheromones (1975)

Abstract A gas chromatographic detector is described which uses an insect antenna as a sensing element and permits the continuous monitoring of pheromones and other compounds with olfactory activity. In high-resolution gas chromatography allowing separations of positional and geometrical isomers, the electroantennographic detector gives precise information on the retention times of active compounds and permits the analysis of insect pheromones with exceedingly small amounts of material.
Early continuous ST segment monitoring in unstable angina: prognostic value additional to the clinical characteristics and the admission electrocardiogram. (1996)

Patients with unstable angina and a normal admission ECG have a good prognosis, while ST segment depression predicts an adverse outcome. Transient myocardial ischaemia detected by continuous ST segment monitoring in such patients receiving optimal medical treatment provides prognostic information additional to that gleaned from the clinical characteristics or the admission ECG.
Dysregulated Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Leads to Ovarian Epithelial Tumorigenesis in Mice (2014)

The etiology of ovarian epithelial cancer is poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model for studying the onset and progression of this disease. We have created a mutant mouse model in which aberrant estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis leads to ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis. In these mice, termed ERαd/d, the ERα gene was conditionally deleted in the anterior pituitary, but remained intact in the hypothalamus and the ovary. The loss of negative-feedback regulation by estrogen (E) at the level of the pituitary led to increased production of luteinizing hormone (LH) by this tissue. Hyperstimulation of the ovarian cells by LH resulted in elevated steroidogenesis, producing high circulating levels of steroid hormones, including E. The ERαd/d mice exhibited formation of palpable ovarian epithelial tumors starting at 5 months of age with 100% penetrance. By 15 months of age, 80% of ERαd/d mice die. Besides proliferating epithelial cells, these tumors also contained an expanded population of luteinized stromal cells, which acquire the ability to express P450 aromatase and synthesize E locally. In response to the elevated levels of E, the ERα signaling was accentuated in the ovarian epithelial cells of ERαd/d mice, triggering increased ERα-dependent gene expression, abnormal cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Consistent with these findings, treatment of ERαd/d mice with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, markedly reduced circulating E and ovarian tumor volume. We have, therefore, developed a unique animal model, which serves as a useful tool for exploring the involvement of E-dependent signaling pathways in ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis.
A Sacrificial PLA Block Mediated Route to Injectable and Degradable PNIPAAm-Based Hydrogels (2020)

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-based injectable hydrogels represent highly attractive materials in tissue engineering and drug/vaccine delivery but face the problem of long-term bioaccumulation due to non-degradability. In this context, we developed an amphiphilic poly(D,L-lactide)-b-poly(NIPAAm-co-polyethylene glycol methacrylate) (PLA-b-P(NIPAAm-co-PEGMA)) copolymer architecture, through a combination of ring-opening and nitroxide-mediated polymerizations, undergoing gelation in aqueous solution near 30 °C. Complete hydrogel mass loss was observed under physiological conditions after few days upon PLA hydrolysis. This was due to the inability of the resulting P(NIPAAm-co-PEGMA) segment, that contains sufficiently high PEG content, to gel. The copolymer was shown to be non-toxic on dendritic cells. These results thus provide a new way to engineer safe PNIPAAm-based injectable hydrogels with PNIPAAm-reduced content and a degradable feature.
Upcycling Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Refuse to Advanced Therapeutics for the Treatment of Nosocomial and Mycobacterial Infections (2019)

The discovery of antibiotics was one of the crowning achievements of the 20th century, revolutionizing the treatment of infectious disease. However, widespread improper use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resulting in a healthcare crisis and the urgent need to develop new effective antibiotics. Moreover, current antibiotic therapies are inefficient in treating biofilm-protected and intracellular organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Herein, we present a strategy for the construction of macromolecular antimicrobial compounds using a catalyst-free, polyaddition polymerization process of monomers derived from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) refuse. The initial depolymerization of PET refuse via aminolysis is highly amenable and scalable process to access a broad array of functional tertiary amine-containing terephthalamide polymer-grade monomers. This new monomer platform was subsequently used to construct antimicrobial cationic polyionenes via a polyaddition polymerization. The composition and structure of the antimicrobial polyionenes were varied to study their antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microbes including Mtb. Polymers with optimized compositions have potent antimicrobial activity with low minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3.9–15.8 μg/mL against microbes including Mtb and high selectivity for microbes over mammalian cells. Similarly, activity against Mtb ranged from 2 to 16 μg/mL, while values for Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus were higher. In addition, antimicrobial polyionenes were able to target and kill M. avium residing inside human macrophages. Overall, PET refuse was successfully used as a feedstock to generate new functional terephthalamide monomers for new macromolecular antimicrobial polyionenes. These polyionenes are promising candidate agents to treat difficult-to-treat bacterial and mycobacterial infections that are currently resistant to existing antibiotics.
High-Throughput Bioanalysis of Bevacizumab in Human Plasma Based on Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Assay Using Anti-Idiotype DNA Aptamer (2019)

We propose a highly selective, sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput bioanalysis method for bevacizumab utilizing an anti-idiotype DNA aptamer. With this method, bevacizumab in a plasma sample was reacted in a 96-well plate immobilized with the aptamer and further reacted with a protein A-HRP conjugate. The resulting HRP activity was colorimetrically detected using a microplate reader. The calibration curve of bevacizumab ranged from 0.05 to 5.0 μg/mL, and showed a good correlation coefficient ( r<sup>2</sup> = 1.000). The limit of detection was 2.09 ng/mL. We also demonstrated both the possibility of highly sensitive detection using luminol chemiluminescence and the repeated use of affinity plates. The proposed method is applicable for planning optimal therapeutic programs and for an evaluation of the biological equivalencies in the development of biosimilars.
Clinical responses and lymphoid infiltrates in metastatic melanoma following treatment with intralesional GM-CSF (1996)

Past studies in animal models with gene-transfected tumour cells have suggested that GM-CSF may have a role in immunotherapy of tumours as a result of the effects it has on antigen-presenting cells. The present (phase I) studies were carried out to examine whether intralesional injections of GM-CSF induce regression of subcutaneous metastases in patients with melanoma and influence lymphoid infiltrates in and around the metastases. Thirteen patients had 15-50 mg doses of GM-CSF injected into two subcutaneous metastases. In each case one metastasis received only five injections before excision whereas the other received weekly injections up to 6 months. Partial regression of injected and/or non-injected metastases was seen in three patients. The metastases from the responding patients that were treated with intralesional GM-CSF had marked increases and high absolute numbers of T cell infiltrates into the tumour, particularly of the CD4 T cell subset. There was an increase in IL-2R expression on the T cells and an increase in the number of Langerhans' cells infiltrating the tumours. The best predictors of clinical responses therefore appeared to be high relative increases and high absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells and Langerhans' cells within the treated tumour. These results provide support for further exploration of the role of GM-CSF in immunotherapy of human melanoma.
Influence of Process Conditions on the Rate of Activation of Chars Derived from Pyrolysis of Used Tires (1998)

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a nitrogen-purged 3 kg static bed, batch reactor. The char was subsequently activated in an equimolar mixture of either steam and nitrogen or carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Activation was a two-stage process, with an initial more rapid gasification of carbonized rubber deposits followed by less rapid gasification of carbon black. The activation energy in steam was 201 kJ mol-1. The burnoff achieved by carbon dioxide under otherwise identical conditions to that of steam was on average 72% of that found when steam was used. The reactivity of acid-demineralized char in steam was around 22% less than that of raw char. It was suggested that calcium ions in the raw tire char catalyzed the gasification reactions. The tire pyrolysis temperature had an unclear influence on the rate of activation of the derived chars. The influence of particle size on the rate of activation was also investigated, and the results are discussed in terms of ash content and distribution. The outflow gas composition and gross calorific value of the gas were also determined in relation to activation conditions. BET surface areas of the derived activated carbons reached a maximum of 640 m2 g-1.
Development of the formal model for the presentation of poorly structured and unstructured information (2020)

Abstract The article describes the tasks of data mining, data modeling, presents a classification of data models, and also develops a formal model for representing various types of weakly structured and unstructured information resources. The developed formal model for representing various types of weakly structured and unstructured information resources within the framework of the software environment represents the theoretical basis for creating tools for solving the applied problem of automatic analysis of documentation on paper and digital media for the subsequent cataloging of poorly structured information.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Multi-label Classification (2016)

\n\t\t\t\t\tMany real-world applications require multi-label classification where multiple target labels are assigned to each instance. In multi-label classification, there exist the intrinsic correlations between the labels and features. These correlations are beneficial for multi-label classification task since they reflect the coexistence of the input and output spaces that can be exploited for prediction. Traditional classification methods have attempted to reveal these correlations in different ways. However, existing methods demand expensive computation complexity for finding such correlation structures. Furthermore, these approaches can not identify the suitable number of label-feature correlation patterns. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) framework for multi-label classification that can automatically learn and exploit the unknown number of multi-label correlation. We utilize the recent techniques in stochastic inference to derive the cheap (but efficient) posterior inference algorithm for the model. In addition, our model can naturally exploit the useful information from missing label samples. Furthermore, we extend the model to update parameters in an online fashion that highlights the flexibility of our model against the existing approaches. We compare our method with the state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms on real-world datasets using both complete and missing label settings. Our model achieves better classification accuracy while our running time is consistently much faster than the baselines in an order of magnitude.\n\t\t\t\t
A 565-Mbit/sec monomode transmission system (1985)

Long-haul high-capacity transmission systems are already available which exploit the low loss and dispersion of current monomode fiber at 1300-nm wavelength.1 The present system permits a further increase in capacity by accepting and multiplexing together either four 140-Mbit/sec or twelve 45- Mbit/sec Input streams and transmitting them over a single fiber. The performance of the optical devices employed ensures that section lengths in excess of 30 km are readily achieved using current production fiber. Details of system performance will be presented.
Bubble-Induced Voltage Generation on Graphene Layer (2020)

Recently, several reports have demonstrated that a few millivolts can be produced by moving a droplet of sea water or ionic solution over a strip of graphene. But harvesting voltage generated from graphene totally immersed in the ionic solution is still a challenge. In this work, we reported a bubble-induced voltage generator based on monolayer graphene in an ionic solution. Different from previous droplet induced potential device, the voltage (6.4 mV) is generated by bubbles continuously flowing along graphene. Key parameters such as slope angle, bubble volume, ionic solution concentration are optimized to obtain maximum voltage. This bubble-induced potential device expands the range of utilization of graphene in practical voltage harvesting.
A fire and flame detecting method based on video (2009)

The paper proposes a novel method to detect fire and flame by processing the video data captured by an ordinary camera monitoring an open scene, which combined fire flicker and color clues to reach a final decision. First the image difference method and color analysis technique based on the HSI color model are applied to extract the fire-like moving region between two consecutive frames. Then the spectrum of the fire-like region flickering could be got by the Discrete Fourier Transform of the fire-like moving region sequence. Finally, a simple method is devised to estimate the fire alarm grade so that users could be informed with a proper alarm. Experimental results show that the fire detecting algorithm is fast, effective, and robust.
The AP2 domain of <i>APETALA2</i> defines a large new family of DNA binding proteins in  <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1997)

APETALA2 (AP2) plays an important role in the control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development and encodes a putative transcription factor that is distinguished by a novel DNA binding motif referred to as the AP2 domain. In this study we show that the AP2 domain containing or RAP2 (related to AP2) family of proteins is encoded by a minimum of 12 genes in Arabidopsis. The RAP2 genes encode two classes of proteins, AP2-like and EREBP-like, that are defined by the number of AP2 domains in each polypeptide as well as by two sequence motifs referred to as the YRG and RAYD elements that are located within each AP2 domain. RAP2 genes are differentially expressed in flower, leaf, inflorescence stem, and root. Moreover, the expression of at least three RAP2 genes in vegetative tissues are controlled by AP2. Thus, unlike other floral homeotic genes, AP2 is active during both reproductive and vegetative development.
Droplet-Based Digital Ratiometric Fluorescence Coding for Multiplex Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (2019)

Multiplexed NAAT is essential for molecular diagnosis of various diseases. Currently, encoding each nucleic acid target with a specific fluorescently-labeled probe has been the most commonly employed approach for multiplexed detection. Unfortunately, this “one-color-one-target” approach is limited by spectral overlap between fluorophores and cannot achieve highly multiplexed detection. This paper proposes a novel method termed Digital Ratiometric Fluorescence Coding to expand multiplexing capacity of NAAT. We encode each nucleic acid target with a specific ratio between two standard fluorophores in single droplet via a microfluidic system, allowing multiplexed detection of targets while obviating spectral overlap restriction. For demonstration, we detected DNA targets from six sexually transmitted diseases and demonstrated the potential for further expanding the multiplexing capability of our method.
Performance of 1.5 <i>µ</i> λ/4-shifted DFB-SIPBH laser diodes with electron beam defined and reactive ion-etched gratings (1989)

1.5µm λ/4-shifted DFB-SIPBH laser diodes were made with electron-beam-defined and reactive ion etched gratings. The surface damage created by the reactive ion etching has no adverse effect on the device performances. The resultant devices with a 254 µm cavity length had a minimum linewidth of 3 MHz and a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 7 GHz.
Design of Smart Steering Wheel for Unobtrusive Health and Drowsiness Monitoring (2021)

This article describes the design of a smart steering wheel intended for use in unobtrusive health and drowsiness monitoring. The aging population, cardiovascular disease, personalized medicine, and driver fatigue were significant motivations for developing a monitoring platform in cars because people spent much time in cars. The purpose was to create a unique, comprehensive monitoring system for the driver. The crucial parameters in health or drowsiness monitoring, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood oxygenation, are measured by an electrocardiograph and oximeter integrated into the steering wheel. In addition, an inertial unit was integrated into the steering wheel to record and analyze the movement patterns performed by the driver while driving. The developed steering wheel was tested under laboratory and real-life conditions. The measured signals were verified by commercial devices to confirm data correctness and accuracy. The resulting signals show the applicability of the developed platform in further detecting specific cardiovascular diseases (especially atrial fibrillation) and drowsiness.