gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network-Centric Quantum Communications with Application to Critical\n Infrastructure Protection (2013)

Network-centric quantum communications (NQC) - a new, scalable instantiation\nof quantum cryptography providing key management with forward security for\nlightweight encryption, authentication and digital signatures in optical\nnetworks - is briefly described. Results from a multi-node experimental\ntest-bed utilizing integrated photonics quantum communications components,\nknown as QKarDs, include: quantum identification; verifiable quantum secret\nsharing; multi-party authenticated key establishment, including group keying;\nand single-fiber quantum-secured communications that can be applied as a\nsecurity retrofit/upgrade to existing optical fiber installations. A\ndemonstration that NQC meets the challenging simultaneous latency and security\nrequirements of electric grid control communications, which cannot be met\nwithout compromises using conventional cryptography, is described.\n
Data from <i>In Vivo</i> Detection of EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma via Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signature Consistent with Deep Peritumoral Infiltration: The <i>ϕ</i>-Index (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (<i>EGFRvIII</i>) mutation has been considered a driver mutation and therapeutic target in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. Currently, detecting <i>EGFRvIII</i> requires postoperative tissue analyses, which are <i>ex vivo</i> and unable to capture the tumor's spatial heterogeneity. Considering the increasing evidence of <i>in vivo</i> imaging signatures capturing molecular characteristics of cancer, this study aims to detect <i>EGFRvIII</i> in primary glioblastoma noninvasively, using routine clinically acquired imaging.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We found peritumoral infiltration and vascularization patterns being related to <i>EGFRvIII</i> status. We therefore constructed a quantitative within-patient peritumoral heterogeneity index (PHI/ϕ-index), by contrasting perfusion patterns of immediate and distant peritumoral edema. Application of ϕ-index in preoperative perfusion scans of independent discovery (<i>n</i> = 64) and validation (<i>n</i> = 78) cohorts, revealed the generalizability of this <i>EGFRvIII</i> imaging signature.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Analysis in both cohorts demonstrated that the obtained signature is highly accurate (89.92%), specific (92.35%), and sensitive (83.77%), with significantly distinctive ability (<i>P</i> = 4.0033 × 10<sup>−10</sup>, AUC = 0.8869). Findings indicated a highly infiltrative-migratory phenotype for <i>EGFRvIII<sup>+</sup></i> tumors, which displayed similar perfusion patterns throughout peritumoral edema. Contrarily, <i>EGFRvIII</i><sup>−</sup> tumors displayed perfusion dynamics consistent with peritumorally confined vascularization, suggesting potential benefit from extensive peritumoral resection/radiation.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This <i>EGFRvIII</i> signature is potentially suitable for clinical translation, since obtained from analysis of clinically acquired images. Use of within-patient heterogeneity measures, rather than population-based associations, renders ϕ-index potentially resistant to inter-scanner variations. Overall, our findings enable noninvasive evaluation of <i>EGFRvIII</i> for patient selection for targeted therapy, stratification into clinical trials, personalized treatment planning, and potentially treatment-response evaluation. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4724–34. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Radio-over-fiber AM-to-FM upconversion using an optically injected semiconductor laser (2006)

A radio-over-fiber system uses light to carry a microwave subcarrier on optical fibers. The microwave is usually frequency modulated for wireless broadcasting. A conventional optical communication system usually operates at the baseband with amplitude modulation. The interface of the two systems thus needs an upconversion from the baseband to the microwave band with AM-to-FM transformation. An all-optical solution employing an optically injected semiconductor laser is investigated. The laser is operated in a dynamic state, where its intensity oscillates at a microwave frequency that varies with the injection strength. When the injection carries AM data, the microwave is frequency modulated accordingly. We demonstrate optical conversion from an OC-12 622-Mbps AM baseband signal to the corresponding FM microwave signal. The microwave is centered at 15.90 GHz. A bit-error rate of less than 10(-9) is measured.
Dynamics of Physical Interaction between HIV-1 Nef and ASK1: Identifying the Interacting Motif(S) (2013)

FasL mediated preferential apoptosis of bystander CTLs while protection of infected CD4(+)T cells remains one of the hallmarks of immune evasion during HIV infection. The property of infected host cells to evade cell-autonomous apoptosis emanates from ability of HIV-1Nef-protein to physically interact with ASK-1 and thereby inhibit its enzymatic activity. The specific domains of HIV-1Nef through which it may interact with ASK1 and thereby impair the ASK1 activity remain unidentified so far and represent a major challenge towards developing clear understanding about the dynamics of this interaction. Using mammalian two hybrid screen in association with site directed mutagenesis and competitive inhibitor peptides, we identified constituent minimal essential domain (152 DEVGEANN 159) through which HIV-1Nef interacts with ASK1 and inhibits its function. Furthermore our study also unravels a novel alternate mechanism underlying HIV-1 Nef mediated ASK1 functional modulation, wherein by potentiating the inhibitory ser(967) phosphorylation of ASK1, HIV-1Nef negatively modulated ASK1 function.
Thermal Dip Pen Nanolithography (2006)

Abstract : The steady shrinking of integrated circuits demands constant innovation. Though ever-greater resolution remains the foremost goal, many new abilities are also needed - the reduction of toxic by-products (green chemistry), integration of heterogeneous materials (e.g., organic and inorganic) into a single structure, and the production of just a few integrated circuits at low cost. We are developing a new lithographic approach, thermal Dip Pen Nano-lithography (tDPN), to both achieve greater resolution and address many of these secondary needs. Although tDPN can create nanoscale structures, in principle it works as simply as a soldering iron. The heart of the device is a custom-fabricated heatable atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, coated with a material (i.e., the solder or ink) that is solid at room temperature. When melted, the ink flows from the tip onto the surface. The use of meltable inks has many benefits. Since the ink's fluidity is controlled by the tip temperature, writing may be turned on or off and the deposition rate easily varied. Secondly, one can write new layers on top of previously deposited-now solid-layers to create complicated three-dimensional structures. Finally, tDPN can be performed in vacuum, making it compatible with conventional semiconductor device fabrication.
A sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor type 1 agonist, ASP4058, suppresses intracranial aneurysm through promoting endothelial integrity and blocking macrophage transmigration (2017)

A selective S1P<sub>1</sub> agonist is a strong drug candidate for IA treatment as it promotes the endothelial cell barrier and suppresses the trans-endothelial migration of macrophages in IA lesions.
Scanning tunneling optical spectroscopy of semiconductors (1991)

Photoenhanced tunneling currents are measured with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for semiconductors illuminated with monochromatic light. The spectral response of the STM tunnel junction was measured over the spectral range of 0.8–1.5 eV. Optical spectra for p-type (111)Si, epitaxial n-type (100)InP, and p-type (100)GaAs were obtained.
Durable Bridge Columns using Stay-In-Place UHPC Shells for Accelerated Bridge Construction (2019)

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a durable material that allows the construction of innovative structural elements and conforms with accelerated bridge construction (ABC) goals. The main idea of this research is to utilize UHPC to prefabricate a shell that acts as a stay-in-place form for bridge columns. The prefabricated shell eliminates the conventional formwork while reducing the on-site construction time and acting as a durable protective layer for the normal concrete inside the shell against environmental attacks. In addition, the UHPC shell provides additional confinement to the column concrete, which improves the column’s structural performance. During construction and after completing the column reinforcement work onsite, based on the conventional construction methods, the prefabricated UHPC shell is placed around the column reinforcement, followed by casting a portion of UHPC for a column-to-footing connection, which improves the capacity of the connection and shifts the plastic hinge zone above the connection. Once the UHPC portion hardens, normal concrete is placed inside the shell, forming a permanent concrete-filled UHPC shell. The construction process is finalized by placing and connecting a prefabricated cap beam to the column through the same developed connection as that in this research. This technical note presents the development of two test specimens using an UHPC shell in lieu of a conventional formwork with the advantage of improving the column performance and durability.
Minimum jerk swing control allows variable cadence in powered transfemoral prostheses (2014)

We present a novel swing phase controller for powered transfemoral prostheses based on minimum jerk theory. The proposed controller allows physiologically appropriate swing movement at any walking speed, regardless of the stance controller action. Preliminary validation in a transfemoral amputee subject demonstrates that the proposed controller provides physiological swing timing, without speed-or patient-specific tuning.
Superimposed ASK label in a 10 Gbps multi-hop all-optical label swapping system (2004)

This work proposes a novel optical label swapping technique in which a low-speed ASK label is superimposed on top of a high-speed DC-balanced-line-coded ASK payload. The technique is demonstrated via a 10 Gbps multi-hop transmission experiment.
State trajectory analysis for modular multilevel converter (2016)

For the future of sustainable energy, renewable energy will need to significantly penetrate existing utility grids. While various renewable energy sources are networked with high-voltage DC grids, integration between these high-voltage DC grids and the existing AC grids is a significant technical challenge. Among the limited choices available, the modular multi-level converter (MMC) is the most prominent interface converter used between the DC and AC grids. This subject has been widely pursued in recent years. One of the important design challenges when using an MMC is to reduce the capacitor size associated with each module. Currently, a rather large capacitor bank is required to store a certain amount of line-frequency related circulating energy. Several control strategies have been introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples by injecting certain harmonic current. Most of these strategies were developed using trial and error and there is a lack of a systematic means to address this issue. Most recently, the authors of this paper have proposed to control the modulation index in order to reduce capacitor ripples. The total elimination of the unwanted circulating power associated with both the fundamental line frequency and the second-order harmonic was demonstrated, and this resulted in a dramatic reduction in capacitor size. To gain a better understanding of the intricate operation of the MMC, the authors propose a state-space analysis technique in the present paper. Combining the power flow analysis with the state trajectory portrayed on a set of two-dimensional state plans, it clearly delineates the desired power transfer from the unwanted circulating energy, thus leading to an ultimate reduction in the circulation energy and therefore the required capacitor volume.
Pneumatic-Combustion Hybrid Engine: A Study of the Effect of the Valvetrain Sophistication on Pneumatic Modes (2009)

Although internal combustion engines display high overall maximum global efficiencies, this potential cannot be fully exploited in automotive applications: in real conditions, the average engine load (and thus efficiency) is quite low and the kinetic energy during a braking phase is lost. This work presents a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine and the associated thermodynamic cycles, which is able to store and recover energy in the form of compressed air. The study focuses on the two major pneumatic modes: pneumatic pump mode and pneumatic motor mode. For each of them, three valvetrain technologies are considered: 4-stroke mode, 4-stroke mode with one camshaft disengaged, and 2-stroke fully variable.The concept can be adapted to SI or CI engines. In any case the valvetrain technology is the key to best fuel economy. A kinematic model of the charging valve’s actuator is introduced, and implemented in a quasi dimensional model of the pneumatic-combustion hybrid engine. Simulation results are presented for each pneumatic mode, for each valvetrain technology, in order to determine the best valve train configuration, and to show the impact of the kinematic valve actuator on the performance of the engine The tradeoffs between valvetrain sophistication and fuel economy will be presented for each case.
Experimental Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Wound with Two Different HTS wires in Parallel (2008)

Several kinds of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs), which reduces huge fault current, have been developing by many research groups. The SFCL has no impedance during normal operation, so it dose not give any influence to electric power system. The resistive type SFCL reduces the fault current with the impedance generated in the superconducting part of the SFCL when the fault current exceeds the critical current of SFCL. In this paper, a new type resistive SFCL made of bifilar coil wound with two different high-Tc superconducting (HTS) wires in parallel. Although a bifilar coil has theoretically no inductance, the bifilar coil made in this paper could generate inductance at fault. The specifications of the used two wires were considerably different, thus current distribution between the two HTS wire was different at fault. When the fault current exceeded the critical current of one wire in the bifilar coil, the momentary sharp increase of impedance was detected. Base on the results, a new resistive type SFCL can generate not only resistance but also inductance, which can be used to control a fault current in the future.
A systematic synthetic route to ruthenium carbonyl cluster anions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA systematic synthetic route to ruthenium carbonyl cluster anionsAlak A. Bhattacharyya, Colleen C. Nagel, and Sheldon G. ShoreCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 9, 1187–1193Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/om50003a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (943 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Detecting Pathogenic Social Media Accounts without Content or Network\n Structure (2019)

The spread of harmful mis-information in social media is a pressing problem.\nWe refer accounts that have the capability of spreading such information to\nviral proportions as "Pathogenic Social Media" accounts. These accounts include\nterrorist supporters accounts, water armies, and fake news writers. We\nintroduce an unsupervised causality-based framework that also leverages label\npropagation. This approach identifies these users without using network\nstructure, cascade path information, content and user's information. We show\nour approach obtains higher precision (0.75) in identifying Pathogenic Social\nMedia accounts in comparison with random (precision of 0.11) and existing bot\ndetection (precision of 0.16) methods.\n
High-speed travelling-wave BaTiO <sub>3</sub> thin-film electro-optic modulators (2005)

The first successful realisation of high-speed travelling-wave BaTiO3 thin-film electro-optic waveguide modulators with 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz at 1.55 µm wavelength is reported. Quasi-velocity-matched electrodes for BaTiO3 thin-film modulators are achieved by addition of a SiO2 buffer layer. Its microwave and electro-optic response are characterised.
The lightest organic radical cation for charge storage in redox flow batteries (2016)

In advanced electrical grids of the future, electrochemically rechargeable fluids of high energy density will capture the power generated from intermittent sources like solar and wind. To meet this outstanding technological demand there is a need to understand the fundamental limits and interplay of electrochemical potential, stability, and solubility in low-weight redox-active molecules. By generating a combinatorial set of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene derivatives with different arrangements of substituents, we discovered a minimalistic structure that combines exceptional long-term stability in its oxidized form and a record-breaking intrinsic capacity of 161 mAh/g. The nonaqueous redox flow battery has been demonstrated that uses this molecule as a catholyte material and operated stably for 100 charge/discharge cycles. The observed stability trends are rationalized by mechanistic considerations of the reaction pathways.
Physical layer security for wireless implantable medical devices (2015)

Wireless communications are increasingly important in health-care applications, particularly in those that use implantable medical devices (IMDs). Such systems have many advantages in providing remote healthcare in terms of monitoring, treatment and prediction for critical cases. However, the existence of malicious adversaries, referred to as nodes, which attempt to control implanted devices, constitutes a critical risk for patients. Such adversaries may perform dangerous attacks by sending malicious commands to the IMD, and any weakness in the device authentication mechanism may result in serious problems including death. In this paper we present a physical layer (PHY) authentication technique for IMDs that does not use existing methods of cryptology. In addition to ensuring authentication, the proposed technique also provides advantages in terms of decreasing processing complexity of IMDs and enhances overall communications performance.
Accurate parameter estimation and efficient fade detection for weighted prediction in H.264 video compression (2008)

Weighted prediction is a useful tool in video compression to encode scenes with lighting changes, such as fading scenes. Estimating weighted prediction parameters has been extensively discussed in the literature, however no mathematical model has been proposed. Moreover, the detection of the fading scenes in a real-time encoding system has received little attention. This paper addresses both of these aspects. An accurate parameter estimation algorithm for H.264 encoding is first derived for both the multiplicative factor and the additive offset based on a fading model. An efficient algorithm is then proposed to detect fade in a real-time encoding system, with simple statistics calculations, very low storage requirement, and low encoding delay. Simulation results show very accurate detection and compression gains of 5∓30% over existing techniques.
A new and flexible scheme for hot-electron programming of nonvolatile memory cells (1999)

A new hot electron writing scheme for flash EEPROMs is proposed that combines a positive source to bulk voltage and a ramped voltage on the control gate. The scheme exploits the equilibrium between hot electron injection and displacement current at the floating gate electrode in order to achieve a transient regime where the drain current of the cell is virtually constant. The new method allows one to accurately control the threshold voltage and the programming drain current that is essentially determined by the slope of the control gate ramp and can thus be traded off with programming time over a wide range of values. The main features of the new scheme are experimentally demonstrated on up-to-date 0.6 /spl mu/m stacked gate flash EEPROM devices.
Design of Specific Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: New Class of Orally Active Antihypertensive Agents (1977)

A hypothetical model of the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme, based on known chemical and kinetic properties of the enzyme, has enabled us to design a new class of potent and specific inhibitors. These compounds, carboxyalkanoyl and mercaptoalkanoyl derivatives of proline, inhibit the contractile response of guinea pig ileal strip to angiotensin I and augment its response to bradykinin. When administered orally to rats, these agents inhibit the pressor effect of angiotensin I, augment the vasodepressor effect of bradykinin, and lower blood pressure in a model of renovascular hypertension.
On improving test quality of scan-based BIST (2000)

In this paper, we explore two techniques, under the existing scan-based built-in self-test (BIST) architectures, for improving the test quality with practically no additional overhead. The proposed techniques are an almost-full-scan BIST strategy and a general scan-based BIST test application scheme. We first demonstrate that under the scan-based BIST architecture, full scan may not result in the highest fault coverage (FC) and unscanning a small number of scan flip-flops may increase the BIST FC. We then present an algorithm for identifying those not-to-be-scanned flip-flops. We further show that the proposed general scan-based BIST test application scheme could also result in higher BIST FC and only requires a minor modification to the BIST controller. Experiments have been conducted using an industrial tool, psb2, on benchmark circuits to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and algorithms. The results have demonstrated that both techniques are able to maximize the FC and reduce the test application time without additional test hardware compared to the conventional scan-based BIST architectures.