gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants from the Ivory Coast (2002)

A total of 148 crude ethanol extracts from 115 plant species were tested in vitro against Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Moreover, they were submitted to antifungal assays against Candida albicans and Cladosporium cucumerinum, a human and a plant pathogenic microorganism, respectively, known to be good indicators of antifungal activity. No activity was detected against the Gram-negative bacteria, while 14.8% and 10.8% of the extracts showed Gram-positive bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects on S. aureus and E. faecalis, respectively. An antifungal activity was observed with 15 extracts (10.1%). Two species were particularly active against the fungi: Dioscorea minutiflora and Erythrina vogelii. The young tubers of D. minutiflora contain metabolites with a specific effect on fungi and were not active against the bacteria. On the other hand, E. vogelii was highly effective against the Gram-positive bacteria and the fungi.
Production of cellulase by<i>Trichoderma reesei</i>from pretreated straw and furfural residues (2018)

In this study, furfural residues were used as a substrate for cellulase production by the fungi <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>. The results indicated that a low pH and the presence of lignin in the furfural residues have an obvious impact on cellulase production by <i>T. reesei</i>. After pH adjustment, furfural residues could be used for cellulase production by <i>T. reesei</i>, with a higher filter paper activity (FPA) and a higher activity of CMCase compared to that yielded from furfural residues with pH unadjusted. After being washed with 1.6% (w/v) H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, all of the lignin in the furfural residues was removed, and an FPA of 7.1 FPU ml<sup>-1</sup> and a CMCase activity of 3.4 IU ml<sup>-1</sup> were obtained in 115 h, while pretreated straw could yield an FPA of 8.0 FPU ml<sup>-1</sup> and a CMCase activity of 2.7 IU ml<sup>-1</sup> in 160 h. Moreover, after being treated with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, furfural residues could be used as an inducer in the production of cellulases. With the treated furfural residues added into the medium at the beginning of cultivation, <i>T. reesei</i> gave the maximum FPA (8.4 FPU ml<sup>-1</sup>) and CMCase activity (4.8 IU ml<sup>-1</sup>) at 142 h from pretreated straw, which is relatively high for cellulase production compared to that from most other agricultural wastes reported.
Enhancement of InGaN–GaN Indium–Tin–Oxide Flip-Chip Light-Emitting Diodes With TiO$_2$–SiO$_2$Multilayer Stack Omnidirectional Reflector (2006)

Enhancement of light extraction of GaN-based flip-chip indium-tin-oxide light-emitting diodes (FC ITO LEDs) with an omnidirectional reflector (ODR) is presented. The ODR consisting of alternating layers of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is designed to possess a complete photonic bandgap within the blue region of interest, and it is fabricated by E-beam deposition. At a driving current of 300mA and a chip size of 1 mmtimes1 mm, the light output power of the FC ITO LEDs with the ODR reaches 156 mW. This is an enhancement of 31% when compared with the same device with an Al mirror instead. Furthermore, by examining the radiation patterns, the FC ITO LED with the ODR shows stronger enhancement around the vertical direction. Our work offers promising potential for enhancing output powers of commercial light-emitting devices
Detection of Peroxidase/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Oxidation with Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein (2005)

The ability to sense oxidative stress in live cells and organisms would have far-reaching implications for biotechnology, drug discovery, and potentially medical imaging. We hypothesized that tyrosine-containing fluorescent proteins could be used as switches for sensing oxidative stress, based on their sensitivity to environmental and structural variations. We therefore tested purified EGFP, EYFP, ECFP, and DsRed proteins against the heme-peroxidase/H(2)O(2) reaction. We found that peroxidase-mediated oxidation resulted in up to 99.5% quenching of EYFP fluorescence (but not that of other fluorescent proteins) in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting revealed inter- and intramolecular cross-linking. The observed detection limit for hydrogen peroxide was approximately 100 nM, well below the extracellular levels previously reported to occur in mammalian tissue during signaling. Combined expression of EYFP (quenchable) and ECFP or EGFP (nonquenchable) is expected to allow sensitive monitoring of oxidative stress.
FOXP3 interactions with histone acetyltransferase and class II histone deacetylases are required for repression (2007)

The forkhead family protein FOXP3 acts as a repressor of transcription and is both an essential and sufficient regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells. The molecular mechanism by which FOXP3-mediated transcriptional repression occurs remains unclear. Here, we report that transcriptional repression by FOXP3 involves a histone acetyltransferase-deacetylase complex that includes histone acetyltransferase TIP60 (Tat-interactive protein, 60 kDa) and class II histone deacetylases HDAC7 and HDAC9. The N-terminal 106-190 aa of FOXP3 are required for TIP60-FOXP3, HDAC7-FOXP3 association, as well as for the transcriptional repression of FOXP3 via its forkhead domain. FOXP3 can be acetylated in primary human regulatory T cells, and TIP60 promotes FOXP3 acetylation in vivo. Overexpression of TIP60 but not its histone acetyltransferase-deficient mutant promotes, whereas knockdown of endogenous TIP60 relieved, FOXP3-mediated transcriptional repression. A minimum FOXP3 ensemble containing native TIP60 and HDAC7 is necessary for IL-2 production regulation in T cells. Moreover, FOXP3 association with HDAC9 is antagonized by T cell stimulation and can be restored by the protein deacetylation inhibitor trichostatin A, indicating a complex dynamic aspect of T suppressor cell regulation. These findings identify a previously uncharacterized complex-based mechanism by which FOXP3 actively mediates transcriptional repression.
Object-oriented computer animation (2003)

The authors used the object-oriented paradigm to design and create the 3D computer graphics animation system OSCAR, the Object-oriented SCene AnimatoR. After a review of object-oriented terminology, they describe a design methodology, system architecture, and implementation strategy for animation systems. A short example illustrates the system. It was observed that applying the data abstraction process to animation produces a natural user interface with familiar terminology. The abstraction step of the design is critical and requires the most effort. It was also noted that the object-oriented approach partitions a complex system into manageable pieces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding Particle Formation: Solubility of Free Fatty Acids as Polysorbate 20 Degradation Byproducts in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Formulations (2015)

The purpose of this work was to determine the aqueous solubilities at 2-8 °C of the major free fatty acids (FFAs) formed by polysorbate 20 (PS20) degradation and identify possible ways to predict, delay, or mitigate subsequent particle formation in monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations. The FFA solubility limits at 2-8 °C were determined by titrating known amounts of FFA in monoclonal antibody formulations and identifying the FFA concentration leading to visible and subvisible particle formation. The solubility limits of lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids at 2-8 °C were 17 ± 1 μg/mL, 3 ± 1 μg/mL, and 1.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL in a formulation containing 0.04% (w/v) PS20 at pH 5.4 and >22 μg/mL, 3 ± 1 μg/mL, and 0.75 ± 0.25 μg/mL in a formulation containing 0.02% (w/v) PS20 at pH 6.0. For the first time, a 3D correlation between FFA solubility, PS20 concentration, and pH has been reported providing a rational approach for the formulator to balance these with regard to potential particle formation. The results suggest that the lower solubilities of the longer chain FFAs, generated from degradation of the stearate, palmitate, and myristate fraction of PS20, is the primary cause of seeding and subsequent FFA precipitation rather than the most abundant lauric acid.
UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival (2018)

Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication after corneal transplant into pathologically prevascularized so-called high-risk eyes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ultraviolet (UV) light crosslinking can regress pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and thereby improve subsequent graft survival. Using the murine model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization, we found that corneal crosslinking with UVA light and riboflavin regressed both preexisting blood and lymphatic vessels significantly via induction of apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. In addition, macrophages and CD45<sup>+</sup> cell counts were significantly reduced. Consistently, corneal crosslinking reduced keratocyte density and corneal thickness without affecting corneal nonvascular endothelial cells, iris, and lens depending on the crosslinking duration. Furthermore, using the murine model of corneal transplant, long-term graft survival was significantly promoted (P < .05) and CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> FoxP3<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells were upregulated (P < .01) in high-risk eyes preoperatively treated with crosslinking. Our results suggest UV light crosslinking as a novel method to regress both pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and to reduce CD45<sup>+</sup> inflammatory cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates for the first time that preoperative corneal crosslinking in prevascularized high-risk eyes can significantly improve subsequent graft survival and may become a promising novel therapy in the clinic.
Reconstruction of coronary arteries from a single rotational X-ray projection sequence (2006)

Cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of death in developed countries. In most cases, exploration of possibly underlying coronary artery pathologies is performed using X-ray coronary angiography. Current clinical routine in coronary angiography is directly conducted in two-dimensional projection images from several static viewing angles. However, for diagnosis and treatment purposes, coronary artery reconstruction is highly suitable. The purpose of this study is to provide physicians with a three-dimensional (3-D) model of coronary arteries, e.g., for absolute 3-D measures for lesion assessment, instead of direct projective measures deduced from the images, which are highly dependent on the viewing angle. In this paper, we propose a novel method to reconstruct coronary arteries from one single rotational X-ray projection sequence. As a side result, we also obtain an estimation of the coronary artery motion. Our method consists of three main consecutive steps: 1) 3-D reconstruction of coronary artery centerlines, including respiratory motion compensation; 2) coronary artery four-dimensional motion computation; 3) 3-D tomographic reconstruction of coronary arteries, involving compensation for respiratory and cardiac motions. We present some experiments on clinical datasets, and the feasibility of a true 3-D Quantitative Coronary Analysis is demonstrated.
Infrared Spectra of a Single Human Hair (1983)

Abstract We have recently shown that it is possible to carry out nondestructive infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies of solid objects which are very large1–4. It is, however, of equal interest to be able to examine objects which are very small. Consequently, we have recorded spectra of a single human hair, using IR Fourier transform photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS)1–8.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis (1995)

Pseudomembranous colitis has markedly increased in frequency since 1977, when Clostridium difficile was found to be its cause. Relapsing colitis has also become a common problem, but studies suggest that a nonpathogenic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, may terminate multiple relapses in about 50% of patients. This yeast also appears useful in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Studies on the mechanisms of action of toxins A and B, both of which play important roles in causing human disease, are yielding clinically useful information. Although we still lack a rapid and reliable diagnostic test, a polymerase chain reaction test to detect mRNA of toxins in stools of patients is promising. Metronidazole has become the preferred therapy for most patients with C. difficile associated diarrheal syndromes.
Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment (2018)

Pruritus, the most common cutaneous symptom, is widely seen in many skin complaints. It is an uncomfortable feeling on the skin and sometimes impairs patients' quality of life. At present, the specific mechanism of pruritus still remains unclear. Antihistamines, which are usually used to relieve pruritus, ineffectively work in some patients with itching. Recent evidence has suggested that, apart from histamine, many mediators and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus. Various therapeutic options for itching correspondingly have been developed. In this review, we summarize the updated pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for pruritus.
Metallizations by Direct-Write Inkjet Printing: Preprint (2001)

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Direct-write technologies offer the potential for low-cost, materials-efficient deposition of contact metallizations for PV. Direct-write technologies offer the potential for low-cost materials-efficient deposition of contact metallizations for photovoltaics. We report on the inkjet printing of metal organic decomposition (MOD) inks with and without nanoparticle additions. Near-bulk conductivity of printed and sprayed metal films has been achieved for Ag and Ag nanocomposites. Good adhesion and ohmic contacts with a measured contact resistance of 400 {mu}{Omega} {center_dot} cm{sup 2} have been observed between the sprayed silver films and a heavily doped n-type layer of Si. Inkjet printed films show adhesion differences as a function of the process temperature and solvent. Silver lines with good adhesion and conductivity have been printed on glass with 100 {micro}m resolution.
Complex Event Recognition Notification Methodology for Uncertain IoT Systems Based on Micro-Service Architecture (2018)

One of the main purposes of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems is to provide information on the observed physical system and to notify when a certain observed complex event occurs in the system. The biggest challenge of the IoT systems is that the systems collect a massive amount of uncertain data from diverse IoT devices, where the devices are connected through the internet. In addition to that, some events are inferred from other events and uncertainty is propagated from parent events to the inferred events, which additionally contributes to overall system uncertainty. The observed complex events are a complex relationship of primitive events that are produced by IoT devices and collected in IoT system. There were a couple of attempts to quantify the system uncertainty by estimating the likelihood of the occurrence of events of interest while taking into account the uncertain data and uncertain parameters of the model of the physical system with rule-based complex event processing and/or Bayesian network. These methods were implemented as stand-alone software solutions that are unable to scale under heavy loads of incoming events. This paper proposes a micro-service based notification methodology that uses complex event recognition to handle the IoT system uncertainty.
A computationally efficient design of two-band QMF banks based on the frequency sampling approach (1998)

In the proposed approach, the number of parameters to be optimized are reduced significantly, thereby leading to a faster design of the two-channel QMF banks. The characteristics of the filters obtained are comparable to those of some of the existing QMF banks, in terms of the overall amplitude distortion and the minimum stopband attenuation.
Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review (2020)

This paper deals with a review of the state-of-the-art performance investigations of green gas for grid (g3) gas, which is an emerging eco-friendly alternative insulation gas for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) that will be used in gas-insulated power facilities for reducing environmental concerns. The required physical and chemical properties of insulation gas for high-voltage applications are discussed, including dielectric strength, arc-quenching capability, heat dissipation, boiling point, vapor pressure, compatibility, and environmental and safety requirements. Current studies and results on AC, DC, and lightning impulse breakdown voltage, as well as the partial discharge of g3 gas, are provided, which indicate an equivalent dielectric strength of g3 gas with SF6 after a proper design change or an increase in gas pressure. The switching bus-transfer current test, temperature rise test, and liquefaction temperature calculation also verify the possibility of replacing SF6 with g3 gas. In addition, the use of g3 gas significantly reduces theabovementioned environmental concerns in terms of global warming potential and atmosphere lifetime. In recent years, g3 gas-insulated power facilities, including switchgear, transmission line, circuit breaker, and transformer, have been commercially available in the electric power industry.
Shapes of features and a modified measure for linear discriminant analysis (2002)

In this paper, the problem of selecting most representative features among a feature set is considered. Two new feature selection algorithms are introduced and their performances are compared with some well-known feature selection algorithms. The algorithms are tested with the iris data set, three artificially generated data sets and a data set obtained from steel surfaces.
Red Wine Inhibits the Cell-Mediated Oxidation of LDL and HDL (1999)

These results indicate that red wine inhibits the cell mediated oxidation of lipoproteins, that white wine is not as effective as red wine and that the effect of the red wine is not due to its ethanol content.
Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Myasthenia Gravis and Non-Familial Diffuse Palmoplantar Keratoderma (2004)

The coexistence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies including lymphoproliferative diseases is often reported in the literature. Here we report an unusual case with two autoimmune diseases--myasthenia gravis (MG) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with unique palmoplantar keratoderma (PK) which preceded the development of multiple myeloma (MM) for twenty and seven years respectively. MG associated with non-malignant thymoma developed in 1981 and was successfully treated with thymectomy and physostigmine. Thirteen years later SLE was diagnosed and until now it is also accompanied by skin lesions corresponding to non-familial, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma which is resistant to treatment. In 2001 the patient revealed inguinal and abdominal lymphadenopathy first diagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma and then as multiple myeloma on the basis of bone marrow infiltration and monoclonal gammopathy. Therapy with VAD regimen achieved complete remission of the MM and significant improvement of the skin changes lasting for six months. We failed to collect sufficient numbers of CD 34+ cells for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Now the malignancy is in partial remission after CHOP therapy and the skin lesions have returned to their initial status. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported with coexistence of these four diseases.
A layered decision model for cost-effective network defense (2005)

Network safeguarding practices involve decisions in at least three areas: identification of well-defined security policies, selection of cost-effective defense strategies and implementation of real-time defense tactics. Although choices made in each of these three affect the others, many existing decision models handle these three decision areas in isolation. There is no comprehensive tool that can integrate them to provide a single efficient model for safeguarding a network. In addition, there is no clear way to determine which particular combinations of defense decisions result in cost-effective solutions. To address these problems, this paper introduces a layered decision model (LDM) for use in deciding how to address defense decisions based on cost-effectiveness. To illustrate the technique, the LDM model is applied to the design of network defense for a sample e-commercial business. While there is a proliferation of tools for decision support, the connectivity between decisions about security policies, defense strategies and defense tactics is weak and there is no guarantee that these decisions are consistent. It is also hard to tell how a cost decision of one kind (e.g., about goals) affects cost outcomes at another level (e.g., regarding tactics). We present a layered decision model to support consistent, connected decisions at three layers: security policies, defense strategies, and defense tactics, and to balance costs at all layers. The layered decision model (LDM) integrates decisions about security policies, defense strategies and defense tactics in a uniform framework. In addition, this model provides an analytical framework that allows traceability of costs between layers. This framework combines risk assessment, business cost modeling, and cost-benefit analysis which uses return on investment (ROI) analysis. The work in this paper is preliminary, but should provide a good foundation for future work in this area.
Multiresolution models for nonstationary spatial covariance functions (2002)

Many geophysical and environmental problems depend on estimating a spatial process that has nonstationary structure. A nonstationary model is proposed based on the spatial field being a linear combination of multiresolution (wavelet) basis functions and random coefficients. The key is to allow for a limited number of correlations among coefficients and also to use a wavelet basis that is smooth. When approximately 6% nonzero correlations are enforced, this representation gives a good approximation to a family of Matern covariance functions. This sparseness is important not only for model parsimony but also has implications for the efficient analysis of large spatial data sets. The covariance model is successfully applied to ozone model output and results in a nonstationary but smooth estimate.
Homfly polynomials of generalized Hopf links (2002)

Following the recent work by T.-H. Chan in [3] on reverse string parallels of the Hopf link we give an alternative approach to finding the Homfly polynomials of these links, based on the Homfly skein of the annulus. We establish that two natural skein maps have distinct eigenvalues, answering a question raised by Chan, and use this result to calculate the Homfly polynomial of some more general reverse string satellites of the Hopf link.