gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technique for Crystal-Ribbon Growth (1983)

Single-crystal ribbon of silicon or other material is grown by pulling at low angle from shallow melt. By pulling crystal at small angle, technique prevents overflow problem experienced with horizontal growth. Also creates meniscus that minimizes growth defects in main portion of ribbon. Use of shallow pool prevents convection problems.
Iono-neuromorphic implementation of spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (2011)

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is the ability of a synapse to increase or decrease its efficacy in response to specific temporal pairing of pre- and post-synaptic activities. It is widely believed that such activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic connection strength underlie the brain's capacity of learning and memory. However, current phenomenological models of STDP fail to reproduce classical forms of synaptic plasticity that are based on stimulus frequency (BCM rule) instead of timing (STDP rule). In this paper, we implemented a novel biophysical synaptic plasticity model by using analog VLSI (aVLSI) circuits biased in the subthreshold regime. We show that the aVLSI synapse model successfully emulates both the STDP and BCM forms of synaptic plasticity as predicted by the biophysical model.
Iterative Design and Evaluation of New Rigid & Folding Commode-Shower Wheelchairs, a Case Study in Design Research (2001)

The purpose of these projects was to design new and safe commode-shower wheelchairs for use by individuals with spinal cord injuries and caregivers. The need for new chairs resulted from the many safety problems associated with existing models such as inability to fold, patient falls while transferring, development of pressure sores. An iterative process of design, prototype fabrication and clinical evaluation was used to develop both a rigid and a folding shower-commode wheelchair. During this process, new wheelchair features were invented and patented. The shower-commode wheelchairs were successfully evaluated with patients having spinal cord injuries and their caregivers at VA Medical Centers. Questionnaires were developed to assess the chair's features and function. The evaluation results led to the conclusion that the new Shower-Commode Wheelchairs solved all the safety and usability problems found in existing models.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microelectrochemical Diode with Submicron Contact Spacing Based on the Connection of Two Microelectrodes Using Dissimilar Redox Polymers. (1986)

Abstract Investigation of platinized Au microelectrodes on Si 3 N 4 which were functionalized, one electrode with poly(vinylferrocene), PVFc ′° and the adjacent electrode with an N,N′‐dibenzyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium‐based polymer, (BPQ2+′ )", derived from hydrolysis of N,N′‐bis[(p‐trimethoxysilyl)benzyl]‐4,4′‐bipyridinium.
Synthesis of Akt Inhibitor Ipatasertib. Part 1. Route Scouting and Early Process Development of a Challenging Cyclopentylpyrimidine Intermediate (2014)

Herein, the route scouting and early process development of a key cyclopentylpyrimidine ketone intermediate toward the synthesis of Akt inhibitor Ipatasertib are described. Initial supplies of the intermediate were prepared through a method that commenced with the natural product (R)-(+)-pulegone and relied on the early construction of a methyl-substituted cyclopentyl ring system. The first process chemistry route, detailed herein, enabled the synthesis of the ketone on a hundred-gram scale, but it was not feasible for the requisite production of multikilogram quantities of this compound and necessitated the exploration of alternative strategies. Several new synthetic approaches were investigated towards the preparation of the cyclopentylpyrimidine ketone, in either racemic or chiral form, which resulted in the discovery of a more practical route that hinged on the initial preparation of a highly substituted dihydroxypyrimidine compound. The cyclopentane ring in the target was then constructed through a key carbonylative esterification and subsequent tandem Dieckmann cyclization–decarboxylation sequence that was demonstrated in a racemic synthesis. This proof-of-concept was later developed into an asymmetric synthesis of the cyclopentylpyrimidine ketone, which will be described in a subsequent paper, along with the synthesis of Ipatasertib.
Thermocouples for High Temperature In-Pile Testing (2005)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may not be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party’s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the United States Government or the sponsoring agency.
Recent Developments in (F2+)A Color Center Lasers (1986)

(Summary) This talk reviews recent experimental progress in the development of stable, broadly-tunable, color-center lasers using (F2+)A centers in KI:Li and RbI:Li crystals as the active media. We report the first successful production of these centers in additively-colored KI:Li.1 This was accomplished through the elimination of nitrogen contamination in each stage of crystal preparation. Nitrogen diffuses into the KI lattice at elevated temperatures, especially during the additive-coloration process, and combines with isolated lithium inhibiting the formation of (F2+)A centers. This material now offers the possibility of obtaining a stable color center laser medium with tunability extending from 2.4 to 4.0 microns.2
Navel Orangeworm Control on Walnut, 1986 (1987)

Abstract Tests were conducted at the Westside Field Station at Five Points, CA. Seven treatments were replicated 8 times using a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Materials were applied to run-off (480 gal spray mixture per acre) with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 250 psi. Applications were made on 22 Aug when the walnut husks had just begun to split. Control was evaluated by inspecting 50 nuts per replicate (tree) for navel orangeworm on 4 Sep, 18 Sep and 1 Oct.
Chalcogenide three-dimensional photonic structures (2001)

AsSeTe/AsSe chalcogenide glasses are photosensitive materials with large refractive index. These properties make these glasses suitable for the fabrication of photonic crystals, waveguide components and MOEMS. We present in this article fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, composed from AsSeTe and air, with sub-micron feature size. The method of fabrication is relatively simple and cheap using only vapor deposition and optical holographic lithography. The interferometric alignment allows to eliminate requirement for a mask aligner.
Fabrication of a Waterborne Durable Superhydrophobic Material Functioning in Air and under Oil (2018)

Abstract A fundamental challenge in artificially structured/ chemically modified superhydrophobic surfaces is their poor chemical, mechanical, and structural robustness toward different mechanical abrasions. This limits their application potential in different fields of science and technology. Herein, a waterborne superhydrophobic material composed of clay particles is developed through a one‐pot chemical modification in ambient conditions, forming durable micro‐nano dual‐structured coatings over a range of substrates, without adhesive. This chemical modification inverts the inherent hydrophilic nature of clay particles and provides an excellent superhydrophobic surface having a water contact angle >170° (±2°) and contact angle hysteresis <5° (±2°). The coating shows excellent durability against various induced damages and works efficiently both in air and within oils. The observed property is due to the controlled surface energy obtained by the incorporated chemical functionalities and enhanced surface roughness facilitated by the hydrophobic effect during slow evaporation of water from the coating material. Being a stable water dispersion, it enables large area coatings, thereby minimizing safety and environmental concerns. Use of this material to develop rugged waterproof‐paper for paper‐based technologies is also demonstrated. As clay is commercially available and economical, it is believed, this scalable organic‐solvent‐free superhydrophobic material will have a positive impact on various industries.
Prosody based co-analysis for continuous recognition of coverbal gestures (2003)

Although recognition of natural speech and gestures have been studied extensively, previous attempts at combining them in a unified framework to boost classification were mostly semantically motivated, e.g., keyword-gesture co-occurrence. Such formulations inherit the complexity of natural language processing. This paper presents a Bayesian formulation that uses a phenomenon of gesture and speech articulation for improving accuracy of automatic recognition of continuous coverbal gestures. The prosodic features from the speech signal were co-analyzed with the visual signal to learn the prior probability of co-occurrence of the prominent spoken segments with the particular kinematical phases of gestures. It was found that the above co-analysis helps in detecting and disambiguating small hand movements, which subsequently improves the rate of continuous gesture recognition. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated on a large database collected front the weather channel broadcast. This formulation opens new avenues for bottom-up frameworks of multimodal integration.
Model-Based Screening of Wall Motion Measures for Detection of Ischemia in Three-Dimensional Cardiac Images (2006)

Quantitative measurement of left ventricular wall motion can improve clinical diagnosis by providing a more objective approach than qualitative analysis, which is subject to large inter-observer variability. We have developed novel techniques for quantifying left ventricular wall motion in three-dimensional image data sets. In this study, finite element models simulating regional ischemia in the left ventricle were used to screen potential wall motion measures for their capability to detect and evaluate the size of an ischemic region. Preliminary experimental results showed that wall motion analysis of real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images successfully detected ischemia. Our four-dimensional wall motion analysis system provides an objective and quantitative approach for detecting and assessing the severity of disease
Real-time smoke rendering using compensated ray marching (2008)

We present a real-time algorithm called compensated ray marching for rendering of smoke under dynamic low-frequency environment lighting. Our approach is based on a decomposition of the input smoke animation, represented as a sequence of volumetric density fields, into a set of radial basis functions (RBFs) and a sequence of residual fields. To expedite rendering, the source radiance distribution within the smoke is computed from only the low-frequency RBF approximation of the density fields, since the high-frequency residuals have little impact on global illumination under low-frequency environment lighting. Furthermore, in computing source radiances the contributions from single and multiple scattering are evaluated at only the RBF centers and then approximated at other points in the volume using an RBF-based interpolation. A slice-based integration of these source radiances along each view ray is then performed to render the final image. The high-frequency residual fields, which are a critical component in the local appearance of smoke, are compensated back into the radiance integral during this ray march to generate images of high detail. The runtime algorithm, which includes both light transfer simulation and ray marching, can be easily implemented on the GPU, and thus allows for real-time manipulation of viewpoint and lighting, as well as interactive editing of smoke attributes such as extinction cross section, scattering albedo, and phase function. Only moderate preprocessing time and storage is needed. This approach provides the first method for real-time smoke rendering that includes single and multiple scattering while generating results comparable in quality to offline algorithms like ray tracing.
<i>TEL2</i> , an Essential Gene Required for Telomere Length Regulation and Telomere Position Effect in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

ade1 ade2
On-bed monitoring for range of motion exercises with a pressure sensitive bedsheet (2013)

This paper presents the design of an on-bed rehabilitation exercise monitoring system that utilizes a high density sensor bedsheet to evaluate active range of motion exercises. We propose and develop a novel framework to analyze the progression of pressure image sequences using manifold learning. The image sequences are reduced to a low dimensional subspace that can be measured against expected prior data for each of the rehabilitation exercises. We also present a metric to compare manifold similarities. Our experimental results on five on-bed exercises show that this system can accurately track compliance of patients to prescribed treatment programs. It allows physical therapists to evaluate how well patients adhere to the rehabilitation exercises. The system is convenient to setup, unobtrusive, and can be used for reliable, long term monitoring.
Feasibility of Various Discharge Configurations for High Intensity Lithium Vapor Discharge Source at 13.5 nm for EUVL (1996)

This study examines the possibility for two different discharge configurations to achieve the plasma conditions required for a lithium vapor discharge source operating at 13.5 nm. Due to the difficulties of working with a pure lithium vapor system, the experiments were carried out using noble gases. The results suggest that a lithium vapor capillary discharge could be a suitable configuration for an EUVL lamp.
Metal poly(benzodithiolenes) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal poly(benzodithiolenes)C. W. Dirk, M. Bousseau, P. H. Barrett, F. Moraes, F. Wudl, and A. J. HeegerCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2, 266–269Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00156a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00156a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Transit Time and Photoplethysmogram Intensity Ratio (2015)

Pulse transit time (PTT) has attracted much interest for cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement. However, its limited accuracy is one of the main problems preventing its widespread acceptance. Arterial BP oscillates mainly at high frequency (HF) because of respiratory activity, and at low frequency (LF) because of vasomotor tone. Prior studies suggested that PTT can track BP variation in HF range, but was inadequate to follow the LF variation, which is probably the main reason for its unsatisfactory accuracy. This paper presents a new indicator, the photoplethysmogram intensity ratio (PIR), which can be affected by changes in the arterial diameter, and, thus, trace the LF variation of BP. Spectral analysis of BP, PTT, PIR, and respiratory signal confirmed that PTT was related to BP in HF at the respiratory frequency, while PIR was associated with BP in LF range. We, therefore, develop a novel BP estimation algorithm by using both PTT and PIR. The proposed algorithm was validated on 27 healthy subjects with continuous Finapres BP as reference. The results showed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the estimated systolic, diastolic, and mean BP with the proposed method against reference were -0.37 ±5.21, -0.08 ±4.06, -0.18 ±4.13 mmHg, and mean absolute difference (MAD) were 4.09, 3.18, 3.18 mmHg, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method outperformed the two most cited PTT algorithms for about 2 mmHg in SD and MAD. These results demonstrated that the proposed BP model using PIR and PTT can estimate continuous BP with improved accuracy.
Autoimmunity and the adrenal cortex (1996)

The autoimmune basis for most cases of idiopathic Addison disease is very well established. Since the demonstration of antibodies reacting with the adrenal cortex, the disease has been recognized as one of the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Steroidogenic side-chain cleavage enzymes, (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17), and 21 -hydroxylase (P450c21) have recently been shown to be relevant autoantigens recognized by sera from patients with Addison disease either as an isolated entity or as a component of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I or type II. As in other autoimmune endocrine diseases, the eliciting event in the adrenal damage in Addison disease remains to be identified. The role of adrenal autoantibodies in the primary pathogenic response is not yet clear, but it is likely that they arise as a secondary consequence of T-cell-mediated tissue damage. In concordance with animal models, T-cell-mediated destruction seems to be a major event in pathogenesis. At present, there appears to be no common antigens shared uniquely among organs targeted by the autoimmune processes underlying the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Addison disease, in the context of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II has been associated with HLA DRB1*03 and DRB1*04. Our most recent studies indicate that Addison disease is primarily associated with the HLA DRB1*03/DQB1*0201 haplotype and only with HLA DRB1*04/DQB1*0302 when it is accompanied by pancreatic beta cell autoimmunity. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I is not HLA associated. Recently, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I was linked to an autosomal locus located on chromosome 21 q22.3. Until the issue of genetics has been resolved, the clinician must rely entirely on the recognition of subtle symptoms and a knowledge of serum autoantibody profiles to swiftly diagnose and treat adrenal failure occurring in isolated Addison disease or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. In this review we discuss new insights into the autoimmune basis of Addison disease including its association with other autoimmune diseases in the context of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
Synthese von optisch aktiven, natürlichen Carotinoiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. I. Synthese der chiralen Schlüsselverbindung (4<i>R</i>, 6<i>R</i>)‐4‐Hydroxy‐2,2,6‐trimethylcyclohexanon (1976)

Synthesis of optically active natural carotenoids and structurally related compounds. I. Synthesis of the chiral key compound (4 R , 6 R )‐4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6‐trimethylcyclohexanone. A technical synthesis of (4 R , 6 R )‐4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6‐trimethylcyclohexanone ( 7 ) starting from the readily available oxo‐isophorone ( 2 ) is described. 7 is an ideal precursor for the synthesis of naturally occurring, optically active hydroxylated carotenoids ( e.g. zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin and structurally related compounds). Chirality is introduced at C(6) by a stereoselective fermentative hydrogenation of the double bond using baker's yeast as the biocatalyst. Thereafter the carbonyl group at C(4) is reduced selectively and stereospecifically by chemical methods to the corresponding alcohol. Chemical reduction is preferably carried out by hydrogenation in the presence of a nickel catalyst or using triisobutylaluminium as the reducing agent. Stability, stereochemistry and physical properties of 7 and the stereoisomers thereof are discussed.
Correction: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and electrochemistry of new bis(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)gold(<scp>iii</scp>) chloride compounds and their anticancer activities against PC3 and SGC7901 cancer cell lines (2020)

Correction for ‘Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and electrochemistry of new bis(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)gold(<sc>iii</sc>) chloride compounds and their anticancer activities against PC3 and SGC7901 cancer cell lines’ by Said S. Al-Jaroudi <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>New J. Chem.</italic>, 2014, <bold>38</bold>, 3199–3211, DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ01624B.
Data from Human CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Specific for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Localize to Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Target a Required Oncogenic Domain (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Although CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells likely play key roles in antitumor immune responses, most immuno-oncology studies have been limited to CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses due to multiple technical barriers and a lack of shared antigens across patients. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in 80% of cases. Because MCPyV oncoproteins are shared across most patients with MCC, it is unusually feasible to identify, characterize, and potentially augment tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Here, we report the identification of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses against six MCPyV epitopes, one of which included a conserved, essential viral oncogenic domain that binds/disables the cellular retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. We found that this epitope (WED<sub>LT209-228</sub>) could be presented by three population-prevalent HLA class II alleles, making it a relevant target in 64% of virus-positive MCC patients. Cellular staining with a WED<sub>LT209-228</sub>–HLA-DRB1*0401 tetramer indicated that specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were detectable in 78% (14 of 18) of evaluable MCC patients, were 250-fold enriched within MCC tumors relative to peripheral blood, and had diverse T-cell receptor sequences. We also identified a modification of this domain that still allowed recognition by these CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells but disabled binding to the Rb tumor suppressor, a key step in the detoxification of a possible therapeutic vaccine. The use of these new tools for deeper study of MCPyV-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells may provide broader insight into cancer-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses.</p></div>